bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focus on Olea europaea L. pruning by‐products: extraction techniques, biological activity, and phytochemical profile
Authors: Faraone Immacolata , Russo Daniela , Bruno Maria Roberta , Todaro Luigi , D'Auria Maurizio , Milella Luigi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Olea europaea L. tree has played a central role in Mediterranean culture since ancient times. Several studies have highlighted the health‐promoting properties both of its primary products (olives) and its by‐products (leaves, pomace, husk, stone, mill wastes, and wood). In this study, pruning residues from 25‐year‐old olive trees located in a Mediterranean region (Basilicata, Italy) were analyzed. The antioxidant activity of hydro‐alcoholic extracts from wood samples were analyzed through three complementary in vitro assays. The molecular composition of the extracts was thoroughly evaluated using a gas chromatography apparatus coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC–MS). Our study demonstrated that all but three extracts had remarkable antioxidant activity, which was likely due to the meaningful presence of phenolic compounds, mostly derived from lignin. Moreover, the results showed that bark extracts obtained with ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) had the highest antioxidant activity. In this extract, several known compounds with demonstrated antioxidant activity were found, including hexylresorcinol, 1‐methyl‐N‐vanillyl‐2‐phenethamine, and allopurinol. This research suggests that woody olive by‐products are a potential natural resource of antioxidants. These compounds could be useful for functional foods and in industry, and could help to solve the problem of pruning residues, increasing their potential economic value. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Influence of the Biocatalyst Support on the Activity of Immobilized Horseradish Root Peroxidase
Authors: Grebennikova Olga V. , Sulman Alexandrina M. , Matveeva Valentina G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHorseradish root peroxidase biocatalysts can be used to oxidize various phenolic compounds. In this work, peroxidase was covalently immobilized on inorganic SiO2 and Al2O3 carriers and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The latter were synthesized by the polyol method. For all biocatalytic systems, the effect of modifying and activating agents was evaluated. For each biocatalyst, the optimal composition was determined, at which the biocatalyst is most active. All samples were tested in the oxidation reaction of 2,3,6‐trimethylphenol using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. It was found that a biocatalyst based on peroxidase immobilized on magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed the highest specific activity compared to the native form of the enzyme. Also, such a biocatalyst is easy to use due to the simplicity of its separation from the reaction mass.
Potato Processing Wastewater Treatment Using a Combined Process of Chemical Coagulation and Membrane Filtration
Authors: Bouchareb Raouf , Bilici Zeynep , Dizge Nadir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe potato‐processing wastewater (PPW) treatment method employe a combined process of chemical coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration. Four different inorganic coagulants are used: polyaluminium chloride, alum, iron(III) chloride and iron(II) sulphate. The results show that the inorganic coagulants enhanced both chemical oxygen demand (COD) with turbidity removal at 1 g/L of concentration. Iron(III) chloride is the most efficient for COD and turbidity removal efficiencies of 54% and 88%, respectively. At pH=6, COD and turbidity elimination performances are enhanced to 67% and 96%, respectively. The findings suggest that coagulation plays a key role in the removal of COD and turbidity of PPW, but water quality is again improved by a second stage of treatment. The utilisation of ultrafiltration (UP150) at 1 bar of transmembrane pressure (TMP) has highly improved water quality. At the end of this research, a comparative study is conducted between the combined process: coagulation/flocculation‐membrane filtration and direct filtration of raw PPW. The results demonstrate that the primary stage of treatment is necessary to prevent early membrane fouling and provided high permeate flux. Even though, the most used treatments rely on combined coagulation/flocculation and membrane filtration systems, very few research articles are reported for PPW treatment.
Simulation of intracranial hemodynamics by an efficient and accurate immersed boundary scheme
Authors: Lampropoulos Dimitrios S. , Bourantas George C. , Zwick Benjamin F. , Kagadis George C. , Wittek Adam , Miller Karol , Loukopoulos Vassilios C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate blood flow in intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Despite ongoing improvements in the accuracy and efficiency of body‐fitted CFD solvers, generation of a high quality mesh appears as the bottleneck of the flow simulation and strongly affects the accuracy of the numerical solution. To overcome this drawback, we use an immersed boundary method. The proposed approach solves the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations on a rectangular (box) domain discretized using uniform Cartesian grid using the finite element method. The immersed object is represented by a set of points (Lagrangian points) located on the surface of the object. Grid local refinement is applied using an automated algorithm. We verify and validate the proposed method by comparing our numerical findings with published experimental results and analytical solutions. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed scheme on patient‐specific blood flow simulations in IAs.
Pharmacokinetic, Safety, and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Teverelix Trifluoroacetate, a Novel Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Antagonist, in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: MacLean Carol M. , Godsafe Zona , Soto‐Forte Pablo , Larsen Finn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTeverelix trifluoroacetate is a decapeptide, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist that binds competitively and reversibly to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptors in the pituitary gland, resulting in immediate suppression of luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone, which in turn causes a very rapid decrease in testosterone production in the Leydig cells of the testes in men and in estradiol in the ovaries in women. This phase 1 clinical study was an open‐label, parallel‐design, single‐center, single‐dose study in older, healthy male subjects. Following injection, teverelix is released into the systemic circulation in a biphasic manner. An initial rapid phase is followed by a slow‐release phase thought to be due to the formation of a depot, which limits the diffusion of teverelix into the blood. The release characteristics differ significantly for the subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) routes. Teverelix maximum concentration and exposure increased in an approximately dose‐proportional manner across the 60 to 120 mg SC doses. All 3 pharmacodynamic end points (luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and total testosterone) showed reductions that were more prolonged following the 90 mg IM administration compared to 90 mg SC administration.
Early sowing increases grain yield and cooking and eating quality of machine‐transplanted rice in eastern China
Authors: Li Guohui , Chen Tianye , Xu Ke , Liu Yanyang , Dai Qigen , Huo Zhongyang , Wei Haiyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, field experiments were conducted in 2 yr with two rice varieties to compare use of light and temperature resources, crop growth characteristics, yield traits, and cooking and eating quality of machine‐transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) in rice–wheat (Triticum aestivum) double cropping system among five sowing dates. The results showed that the total growth duration, total cumulative temperature, and total cumulative solar radiation and total biomass production from transplanting to maturity decreased with the delay in sowing date. The first sowing date (22 May) had a 1.8–11.7% higher total biomass production and 0.2–16.7% higher grain yield than the other four sowing dates (29 May, 5 June, 11 June, 18 June) across two cultivars and 2 yr. Early sowing increased leaf aera index at heading and maturity, daily mean temperature, cumulative temperature, use efficiency of cumulative temperature and solar radiation, crop growth rate, leaf area duration, and biomass production during jointing to heading and heading to maturity. Early sowing increased gel consistency, reduced amylose and protein content and increased the taste value of cooked rice. When the sowing date was delayed, rice starch Rapid Viscosity Analyzer (RVA) profile parameter, including the peak viscosity and breakdown value decreased, and the setback value increased. These results suggest that early sowing can improve use of temperature and light resources, crop growth characteristics, starch RVA spectrum characteristics, reduce rice protein content, and consequently increase biomass production, grain yield, and improve cooking and eating quality of machine‐transplanted rice in eastern China.
Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma diagnosed from pleural fluid by integration of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings
Authors: Tan Brent , Martin Brock , Fernandez‐Pol Sebastian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn 88‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal disease on hemodialysis presented with shortness of breath and was found to have lower extremity edema and bilateral pleural effusions on a chest X‐ray. A therapeutic and diagnostic thoracentesis was performed, and cytologic examination revealed atypical mononuclear cells. Based on this, flow cytometry was performed on the pleural fluid, along with immunostains on the cellblock and a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel. A definitive diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) was made based on demonstrating an atypical T follicular helper cell population expressing CD10, BCL6, CXCL13, CD200, CD57, and PD1, and detection of pathogenic variants in RHOA, IDH2, and TET2. This case represents the first reported case where a primary diagnosis of AITL was made on a body fluid specimen and highlights how immunophenotyping and NGS can provide a definitive diagnosis of AITL on a cytologic specimen.
Allochthonous resources are less important for faunal communities on highly productive, small tropical islands
Authors: Steibl Sebastian , Sigl Robert , Blaha Sanja , Drescher Sophia , Gebauer Gerhard , Gürkal Elif , Hüftlein Frederic , Satzger Anna , Schwarzer Michael , Seidenath Dimitri , Welfenbach Jana , Zinser Raphael S. , Laforsch Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEcosystems are interconnected by energy fluxes that provide resources for the inhabiting organisms along the transition zone. Especially where in situ resources are scarce, ecosystems can become highly dependent on external resources. The dependency on external input becomes less pronounced in systems with elevated in situ production, where only consumer species close to the site of external input remain subsidized, whereas species distant to the input site rely on the in situ production of the ecosystem. It is largely unclear though if this pattern is consistent over different consumer species and trophic levels in one ecosystem, and whether consumer species that occur both proximate to and at a distance from the input site differ in their dependency on external resource inputs between sites. Using stable isotope analysis, we investigated the dependency on external marine input for common ground‐associated consumer taxa on small tropical islands with high in situ production. We show that marine input is only relevant for strict beach‐dwelling taxa, while the terrestrial vegetation is the main carbon source for inland‐dwelling taxa. Consumer species that occurred both close (beach) and distant (inland) to the site of marine input showed similar proportions of marine input in their diets. This supports earlier findings that the relevance of external resources becomes limited to species close to the input site in systems with sufficient in situ production. However, it also indicates that the relevance of external input is also species‐dependent, as consumers occurring close and distant to the input site depended equally strong or weak on marine input.
Interactions of Cellulose Model Compound D‐Cellobiose with Selected Metal Chlorides in Water: Identification of Chelating Oxygen Atoms
Authors: Fernando Harshica , Amarasekara Ananda S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding interactions of metal ions with cellulose is an important step in the development of efficient catalytic methods for processing cellulose. In this study, density functional theory methods were used to identify oxygen atoms interacting or chelating with selected metal chlorides of Li+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sn2+, Zn2+and La3+with cellulose model compound D‐cellobiose. Calculated metal‐oxygen distances of energy minimized D‐cellobiose : metal chloride 1 : 2 mixtures revealed that the metal ions approach between the two glucose rings in α/β‐D‐cellobiose, and O4, O9are the preferred interaction/chelation points. DFT study supported a previous13C NMR chemical shift change based experiments. ZnCl2showing the shortest metal‐oxygen distances in approach to α/β D‐cellobiose is known to produce the largest13C NMR chemical shift changes in D‐cellobiose. In α‐anomer, average closest metal‐oxygen distances and NMR shift changes co‐related at 95 % confidence interval with liner regression R2=0.8582 and Sy.x=0.5722.
Ground fissures within the Main Ethiopian Rift: Tectonic, lithological and piping controls
Authors: Valenta Jan , Verner Kryštof , Martínek Karel , Hroch Tomáš , Buriánek David , Megerssa Leta Alemayehu , Boháč Jan , Kassa Muluken , Legesse Ferdawok , Yakob Meheret , Kebede Bisrat , Málek Jiří 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGround fissures, especially if they open due to a sudden collapse of the surface, is a serious risk for populated areas. Their common occurrence in unconsolidated sediments of the Main Ethiopian Rift was found to be mostly a result of piping.The fissures start by piping in linear sub‐horizontal underground voids, which often propagate upwards resulting in ceiling collapse and formation of deep and long ground fissures with vertical walls. In the southern and central Main Ethiopian Rift the fissures pose a serious risk to infrastructure and settlements. The ground fissures are often linear (up to several kilometres long and often tens of metres deep) and accompanied by sinkholes (along the length). A detailed field mapping of the geological (rock composition, orientation and character of lithological boundaries, primary fabrics and brittle structures) and geomorphological features (especially a length, width and depth of fissures, sinkholes and gullies) followed by in situ seismic anisotropy measurements and a laboratory determination of the geomechanical properties of volcanoclastic deposits was carried out to investigate the ground fissures' origin. The conditions and factors leading to the formation of the ground fissures have been linked to: (a) the presence of regional normal faults and the associated extensional joints and (b) the alternation of lithological units with contrasting hydraulic permeability. The latter corresponds to a sequence of less permeable hard rocks (e.g., rhyolitic ignimbrites) overlain by heterogeneous, soft and permeable, unconsolidated volcaniclastic deposits with a low amount of clay (less than 10%). The ground fissures' occurrence has shown affiliation to areas which have a significantly high seismic anisotropy (more than 20% at the study sites), which can be used as a proxy to map out high risk areas prone to piping and ground fissure formation.
Flooding duration and volume more important than peak discharge in explaining 18 years of gravel–cobble river change
Authors: Gervasi Arielle A. , Pasternack Gregory B. , East Amy E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFloods play a critical role in geomorphic change, but whether peak magnitude, duration, volume, or frequency determines the resulting magnitude of erosion and deposition is a question often proposed in geomorphic effectiveness studies. This study investigated that question using digital elevation model differencing to compare and contrast three hydrologically distinct epochs of topographic change spanning 18 years in the 37‐km gravel–cobble lower Yuba River in northern California, USA. Scour and fill were analysed by volume at segment and geomorphic reach scales. Each epoch's hydrology was characterized using 15‐min and daily averaged flow to obtain distinct peak and recurrence, duration, and volume metrics. Epochs 1 (1999–2008) and 3 (2014–2017) were wetter than average with large floods reaching 3206 and 2466 m3/s, respectively, though of different flood durations. Epoch 2 (2008–2014) was a drought period with only four brief moderate floods (peak of 1245 m3/s). Total volumetric changes showed that major geomorphic response occurred primarily during large flood events; however, total scour and net export of sediment varied greatly, with 20 times more export in epoch 3 compared to epoch 1. The key finding was that greater peak discharge was not correlated with greater net and total erosion; differences were better explained by duration and volume above floodway‐filling stage. This finding highlights the importance of considering flood duration and volume, along with peak, to assess flood magnitude in the context of flood management, frequency analysis, and resulting geomorphic changes.
Dendrimeric nanosystem consistently circumvents heterogeneous drug response and resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Juan , Chen Chao , Wei Tuo , Gayet Odile , Loncle Céline , Borge Laurence , Dusetti Nelson , Ma Xiaowei , Marson Domenico , Laurini Erik , Pricl Sabrina , Gu Zhongwei , Iovanna Juan , Peng Ling , Liang Xing‐Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly cancer with no efficacious treatment. The application of nanomedicine is expected to bring new hope to PDAC treatment. In this study, we report a novel supramolecular dendrimeric nanosystem carrying the anticancer drug doxorubicin, which demonstrated potent anticancer activity, markedly overcoming the heterogeneity of drug response and resistance of primary cultured tumor cells derived from PDAC patients. This dendrimer nanodrug was constructed with a fluorinated amphiphilic dendrimer, which self‐assembled into micelles nanostructure and encapsulated doxorubicin with high loading. Because of the fine nanosize, stable formulation and acid‐promoted drug release, this dendrimeric nanosystem effectively accumulated in tumor, with deep penetration in tumor tissue and rapid drug uptake/release profile in cells, ultimately resulting in potent anticancer activity and complete suppression of tumor growth in patient‐derived xenografts. Most importantly, this dendrimer nanodrug generated uniform and effective response when treating 35 primary pancreatic cancer cell lines issued from patient samples as a robust platform for preclinical drug efficacy testing. In addition, this dendrimer nanodrug formulation was devoid of adverse effects and showed excellent tolerability. Given all these uniquely advantageous features, this simple and convenient dendrimer nanodrug holds great promise as a potential candidate to treat the deadly PDAC.
S‐adenosylmethionine inhibits la ribonucleoprotein domain family member 1 in murine liver and human liver cancer cells
Authors: Ramani Komal , Robinson Aaron E. , Berlind Joshua , Fan Wei , Abeynayake Aushinie , Binek Aleksandra , Barbier‐Torres Lucía , Noureddin Mazen , Nissen Nicholas N. , Yildirim Zehra , Erbay Ebru , Mato José M. , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Lu Shelly C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) is responsible for S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe) biosynthesis in the liver. Mice lacking Mat1a have hepatic SAMe depletion and develop NASH and HCC spontaneously. Several kinases are activated in Mat1a knockout (KO) mice livers. However, characterizing the phospho‐proteome and determining whether they contribute to liver pathology remain open for study. Our study aimed to provide this knowledge.

Approach and Results
We performed phospho‐proteomics in Mat1a KO mice livers with and without SAMe treatment to identify SAMe‐dependent changes that may contribute to liver pathology. Our studies used Mat1a KO mice at different ages treated with and without SAMe, cell lines, in vitro translation and kinase assays, and human liver specimens. We found that the most striking change was hyperphosphorylation and increased content of La‐related protein 1 (LARP1), which, in the unphosphorylated form, negatively regulates translation of 5′‐terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP)‐containing mRNAs. Consistently, multiple TOP proteins are induced in KO livers. Translation of TOP mRNAs ribosomal protein S3 and ribosomal protein L18 was enhanced by LARP1 overexpression in liver cancer cells. We identified LARP1‐T449 as a SAMe‐sensitive phospho‐site of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Knocking down CDK2 lowered LARP1 phosphorylation and prevented LARP1‐overexpression–mediated increase in translation. LARP1‐T449 phosphorylation induced global translation, cell growth, migration, invasion, and expression of oncogenic TOP‐ribosomal proteins in HCC cells. LARP1 expression is increased in human NASH and HCC.

Conclusions
Our results reveal a SAMe‐sensitive mechanism of LARP1 phosphorylation that may be involved in the progression of NASH to HCC.
Ipilimumab in a real‐world population: A prospective Phase IV trial with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Aamdal Elin , Jacobsen Kari D. , Straume Oddbjørn , Kersten Christian , Herlofsen Oluf , Karlsen Jarle , Hussain Israr , Amundsen Anita , Dalhaug Astrid , Nyakas Marta , Schuster Cornelia , Hagene Kirsten T. , Holmsen Kjersti , Russnes Hege G. , Skovlund Eva , Kaasa Stein , Aamdal Steinar , Kyte Jon A. , Guren Tormod K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIpilimumab was the first treatment that improved survival in advanced melanoma. Efficacy and toxicity in a real‐world setting may differ from clinical trials, due to more liberal eligibility criteria and less intensive monitoring. Moreover, high costs and lack of biomarkers have raised cost‐benefit concerns about ipilimumab in national healthcare systems and limited its use. Here, we report the prospective, interventional study, Ipi4 (NCT02068196), which aimed to investigate the toxicity and efficacy of ipilimumab in a real‐world population with advanced melanoma. This national, multicentre, phase IV trial included 151 patients. Patients received ipilimumab 3 mg/kg intravenously and were followed for at least 5 years or until death. Treatment interruption or cessation occurred in 38%, most frequently due to disease progression (19%). Treatment‐associated grade 3 to 4 toxicity was observed in 28% of patients, and immune‐related toxicity in 56%. The overall response rate was 9%. Median overall survival was 12.1 months (95% CI: 8.3‐15.9); and progression‐free survival 2.7 months (95% CI: 2.6‐2.8). After 5 years, 20% of patients were alive. In a landmark analysis from 6 months, improved survival was associated with objective response (HR 0.16, P = .001) and stable disease (HR 0.49, P = .005) compared to progressive disease. Poor performance status, elevated lactate dehydrogenase and C‐reactive protein were identified as biomarkers. This prospective trial represents the longest reported follow‐up of a real‐world melanoma population treated with ipilimumab. Results indicate safety and efficacy comparable to phase III trials and suggest that the use of ipilimumab can be based on current cost‐benefit estimates.