bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of free groundwater vulnerability level to pollution using “DRASTIC METHOD” development in surakarta city
Authors: Koesuma Sorja , Luthfi Asrib Muhammad , Wijayanti Pipit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Increasing population density affects clean water reserves in Surakarta City. Free groundwater reserves in 2015 during the transition season in Solo is merely 1.34 billion L, whereas the amount of confined groundwater at the same time is up to 21 billion L. Solo population’s water requirement, however, is 51 million L/day or 18.62 billion L/year; therefore, it is predicted that well water crisis will occur in 2020. Population growth rate and the emergence of other supporting facilities in Surakarta result in a rapid change in agricultural lands into housing and industrial areas. The land utilization conversion becomes one of groundwater pollution sources and contributes to the entry of pollutants into the groundwater. This research aims to find out free groundwater vulnerability level to pollution and distribution of each DRASTIC parameter as well as land utilization for Surakarta City territories. The research is conducted using weighting method and parameter appraisal consists of DRASTIC parameters as main parameters and land utilization as development parameter. According to data obtained, the overall free groundwater in Surakarta territories indicates a high vulnerability level to pollution. Factors that are estimated to influencing the high level of the vulnerability include: soil texture that is dominated by loam, sand, and gravel, and land utilization.
Crustal and The Uppermost Mantle Structure in Eastern Indonesia From Telese`ismic Receiver Function
Authors: Harsoni Rozyan , Ngadmanto Drajat , Suryanto Wiwit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, we used receiver function technique to determine the shear wave velocity profile of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the eastern part of Indonesia region. We use six BMKG’s permanent stations in the Eastern Indonesia region that recorded about 70 teleseismic events. The receiver function inversion shows a significant variation of sediment thickness layer from about 2 to 4 km in the West Papua region. The crustal thickness variation is estimated at 17 km to 19 beneath Ternate Island and northern Sulawesi, whereas the crustal thickness beneath of the West Papua Region is at 24 km and 37 km. The lithosphere thickness estimate at 40 km to 48 km in Ternate Island and northern Sulawesi while the West Papua Region is around 60 km to 76 km. We found the evidence for a strikingly low-velocity layer starting at about 28 to 30 km depth beneath Ternate islands and northern Sulawesi that may relate to the partial melting zone beneath the active volcano in those areas.
Georadar method for detecting underground septic tank
Authors: Dicky Pradnya Agung Pramudhita Benedictus , Alif Yusroni Syafira , Wafi Abdurrahman , Syarif Setiawan Nugroho , Budi Santoso Sigit , Mariyanto Mariyanto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method commonly known as Georadar, a nondestructive geophysical method that uses electromagnetic waves. This method is widely used to determine conditions under the surface such as mapping structures and subsurface lithology or buried objects. In this study, the GPR measurement using Geoscanners AKULA A9000 + Antenna GCB3070 is conducted to detect the presence or capacity of a septic tank. The GPR data were initially processed using matGPR based on MATLAB. GPR data on each measuring line is processed first, a series of filters and gaining have been conducted such as Adjust Signal Position, Remove DC, Dewow, Inverse Amplitude Decay, Remove Global Background, Karhunen-Loeve Filter, then time to depth conversion with adjusted parameters. From the result of parameter analysis in processing data, found that the GPR data can be interpreted which show the underground septic tank in the study area with the presence of diffraction signatures.
Evaluation of hydrogen gas flow system in DECY - 13 cyclotron
Authors: Diah F I , Saminto  , Sari V A F , Wibowo K , Permana F S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Center for Accelerator Science and Technology (CAST – BATAN) is developing a cyclotron that eventually will be used for radioisotope production. The cyclotron accelerates charged particles (?−) generated by ion source through circular trajectories up to the desired energy and form proton beams through an extraction system. In the early operational stage, the beam current strongly influenced by the flow speed of hydrogen gas in the head of an ion source, therefore the gas flow performance needs to be characterized. Evaluation have been undertaken which cover component identification, data collection and analysis of the obtained data. The operational data of the opening gas valve is represented by the voltage and flow rate. This evaluation results can be used as a basis or guidance for further construction of the ion source instrumentation control system.
Development of low-cost industrial x-ray computed tomography system based on digital fluoroscopy
Authors: Susanto A T , Prajitno P , Kurnianto K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) offers an effective method of non-destructive testing for quality control in the manufacturing of complex parts. Using CT allows examination any internal anomaly of a sample like a defect, internal porosity, void detection, and cracks. However commercial X-ray CT equipment on markets is expensive. So it is required to develop low-cost X-ray CT equipment that provides good image quality and fast scanning. This paper describes the development of digital fluoroscopy-based X-ray CT system. It consists of an X-ray source, a rotary table system, a digital fluoroscopy detector, and a computer. This research uses a fluorescent screen to make the X-ray image visible which then digitized by a CMOS camera. The real-time radiographic image can be visualized and interpreted using a computer. These advantages make acquisition time for scanning images is reduced to only a few seconds. This equipment is relatively cheaper than the same system used in industry. It has been tested with an object of an aluminum step wedge cylinder by scanning 361 images, which were then reconstructed using the Octopus Reconstruction 8.9 software with a filtered back-projection method. The resulting image quality is quite good as it is easily interpreted by the user’s eyesight. The implication of this research is the possibility of producing a low-cost X-ray CT equipment made within the country.
A facile route of two-dimensional metal oxide nanosheets fabrication by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Riyanto E , Martides E , Junianto E , Rajani A , Kusnadi  , Prawara B , Gaoshan H , Yongfeng M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, two-dimensional nanosheets are fabricated by atomic layer deposition with sacrificial polymers. This method enables to fabricate free thin nanosheets with thickness of nanoscale. In the preparation, TiO2 and ZrO2 metal oxides are deposited onto substrates of Polyacrylic acid and Polyvinyl alcohol acted as sacrificial substrates. By dissolving the substrate, free-thin sheets layer with a high aspect ratio can be achieved due to the exfoliation mechanism. It was shown that the 2D nanosheets can be successfully formed on the deposited ALD material layer which can withstand the emergence of interfacial stress in the region of ALD layer – sacrificial substrate. The achieved nanosheets are characterized by using AFM, which shows that the thickness of both TiO2 and ZrO2 nanosheets are ∼ 80 nm which formed with 1000 and 600 ALD cycles, respectively. The 2D nanosheets obtained in this study have potential applications for photocatalysis, water splitting, and lithium ion battery.
Comparison of crystalline structure and magnetic properties in PbAlxFe12−xO19 synthesized by coprecipitation and sonochemistry
Authors: Suwandi A.D. , Amalia R. , Setiadi E.A. , Tetuko A.P. , Sebayang P. , Purnama B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A comparison of crystalline structure and magnetic properties in aluminum substituted lead M-hexaferrite with different preparation methods i.e. coprecipitation and sonochemistry is presented. Natural magnetite from magnetic-mineral fine sediments is used as a Fe3+ cations source for the whole experiments. After calcinated of 900°C for 14 hours, the XRD characterization show that the crystalline structure of the samples, for both coprecipitation and sonochemistry, indicate closely relate to the hexagonal structure. However, un-expected peak of alumina impurity also appears. Whereas, VSM results show that saturated magnetization M
S for co-precipitated samples present much larger than sonochemistry procedure. In case aluminum content of x = 0.2, the saturated magnetization M
S of 11.05 emu/g and 7.04 emu/g are obtained for co-precipitation and sonochemistry, respectively. This is indicated that the co-precipitation methods better support redistribution cation Al3+ on the original crystalline structure of the samples.
Dye sensitized solar cell based on TiO2 sensitized with DN-F01/Ag
Authors: Ramadhani F , Saputri D G , Supriyanto A , Ramelan A H , Nurosyid F , Wahyuningsih S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research reports the performance of DSSC solar cells that have been fabricated by modification of Ag metal doping with varying concentrations. The sample was deposited by spin coating method and characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to obtain gap energy, FESEM characterization to see sample’s morphology, IPCE, and solar simulator to show performance of DSSC solar cell. The TiO2 / DN-F01 / Ag working electrode layer has a gap energy of 1.95 eV which value is smaller than the pure TiO2 layer and TiO2 / DN-F01 which value is 3.15 eV and 2.3 eV respectively. The results show the greatest efficiency found in Ag doped dye solar cell samples with Ag mass of 0.0172 gr. This result was influenced by Ag metal which has good light absorption ability, extends TiO2 response to visible light, and charge recombination.
The formation of porous silicon (PSi) on p-type Si (100) substrate via the electrochemical anodization method with varying current density
Authors: Wijayanti S , Sehati  , Suryana R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The porous silicon (PSi) has been successfully formed on the surface of p-type Si (100) using the electrochemical anodization method in which Si was as an anode and Pt was as a cathode etched in the HF ethanoic solution for 12 min. The current densities applied during the anodization process varied from 60 mA/cm2, 70 mA/cm2, 80 mA/cm2, and 90 mA/cm2 to observe its effects on the morphological and optical properties of PSi. The morphology of PSi was tested via AFM instrument while its reflectance was measured using UV-Vis Spectrometry. The AFM images of the surface PSi reveals the pores’ depth, the pores’ size, and the surface roughness of the PSi. The results demonstrate that the increase in the current densities results in the deeper pores’ depth and the bigger pores’ size so that lifts the surface roughness values as well. On the other hand, the increase in the current densities tends to decrease the reflectance intensities of the PSi.
Synthesis of Silica Xerogel from Geothermal Sludge by Ultrasonic Assisted Alkali Extraction-Acid Precipitation
Authors: Widiyandari Hendri , Hayu Adhani Shabrina , Subagio Agus , Purwanto Agus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Geothermal sludge (GS) is a by-product of geothermal exploration. The geothermal power plant in Dieng, Central Java Indonesia, produces 165 ton/month GS with high silica content. This study reported the synthesis of silica xerogel from GS by ultrasonic-assisted alkali extraction-acid precipitation. The silica was extracted as sodium silicate solution using NaOH solution, which was then reacted with HCl to produce silica xerogel. The ultrasonication treatment was carried out after the aging process. The structure of silica xerogel was amorphous silica. The ultrasonication affected the increasing specific surface area. N2 adsorption-desorption BET characterization shows that the specific surface area was 162.334 m2/g before ultrasonication and increased to 302,873 m2/g after 30 minutes of ultrasonication in controlled temperature at 26°C. The initial specific surface area of GS was 100.449 m2/g. The produced silica xerogel is a mesoporous material and have a pore size in the range of 2-12 nm.
Detection of lard contents using fiber optic sensors
Authors: Yunianto Mohtar , Qaulan Tsaqiila Fathu , Anwar Fuad , Endah Saraswati Teguh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Preliminary studies of testing samples using optical fiber sensors were carried out to obtain the appropriate data results and compared with UV-Vis spectrometers as well as to obtain optical characteristics of lard compared with other fat samples. The test method used instruments such as ocean optics HR4000CG-UV-NIR and DH-2000-BAL UV-Vis light source (halogen) NIR with wavelength range (200-1200) nm. The results of testing pure pork samples (chicken and beef mixture) with optical fiber sensors obtained peaks at λ = 715 nm and λ = 937 nm. The characteristics possessed by pure pork samples are high intensity (reflecting) values and low absorbance (absorption). Tests carried out with optical fiber indicate the detection of pure lard content or with a mixture of other ingredients. The graph of absorbance relation to concentration shows an upward linear trend with a value of R2 0.092193, 0.9474 and 0.95901.
The Comparison of Optical Properties Between Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 and Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 Thin Films As The Light Sensors Application
Authors: Faridawati F , Rohedi AY , Minarto Eko , Yudoyono G , Widihartanti T , Pramono YH , Yuningtyas Nely 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An investigation has been carried out to determine the optical properties of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) thin films, with different chemical composition, namely Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 and Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3. BST thin films that were prepared by the Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method and was coated on an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrate using the Spin Coating method at a speed of 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. BST thin films have been characterized using optical microscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometer and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results obtained that the thickness of BST thin films with the composition of Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 and Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 were 42.7 μm and 28.152 μm respectively, the refractive index value of 2.31 and 2.30 respectively, and they had the gap energy of 3.4 eV and 3.3 eV respectively. From the data obtained data with notes using the same method and treatment, thin film with the chemical structure composition of Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 was declared superior for the usageas photodiode sensors.
Verification of DECY-13 cyclotron magnet design using cyclotron particle tracking codes
Authors: Taufik  , Darmawan R S , Mulyani E , Kudus I A , Diah F I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to increase a capacity building of an accelerator development, Center for Accelerator Science and Technology (CAST) - BATAN Yogyakarta, is developing DECY-13 Cyclotron for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioisotope production. One of the main components of the cyclotron, a magnet has been designed based on equilibrium orbits analysis of each increase in energy. To assure the designed magnet can guide a particle up to 13 MeV, a particle tracking is important to be carried out using simulation codes that have been benchmarked. Here, the designed magnetic field data and electric field data of the Dee were used in particle tracking simulation. The particle tracking results show that particles in the pass acceptance range can pass the central region and be accelerated up to 13 MeV. These results are consistent with the previous result of our particle tracking code. The range of phase acceptance of accelerated particle is around 110 degrees and the maximum initial axial excursion of the accelerated particles is + 1.5 mm. These results verify that the designed magnet can guide particles up to 13 MeV.
Analysis of target doses on various tissues in treatment of lung cancer: a simulation study
Authors: Hariyanto A P , Aisyah St , Jannah F , Amaliya R , Rubiyanto A , Nasori  , Haekal M , Endarko  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The success indicator of radiotherapy planning is that it can deliver a precise and maximum dose to the tumor, and at the same time, health tissues receive a minimum dose. The success can be achieved by understanding the density of the organs that go into the treatment beams because the dose distribution was directly affected by tissue inhomogeneity. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the tissue density of DICOM images and the homogeneity of the distribution of dose from treatment planning in lung cancer using 3D Slicer-SlicerRT. The method used in the study was used 3 data of CT and RT – Structures data from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), NSCLC-Radiomics with a diagnosis of stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma, the location of right cancer, and only one nodule. The calculation of tissue density values using segment statistics in 3D Slicer was based on CT-DICOM information. While the treatment planning was built using 3D Slicer-SlicerRT with a prescription of 60 Gy/30 fractions. Treatment design used six fields, and optimization was done by combining a gantry angle and beam weight. The results represented that the calculation of tissue density was following the reference standard and relative electron density for each organ. Besides, the study had successfully designed a treatment planning system using 3D Slicer-SlicerRT that fulfilled the total dose standard, was excellent for OAR sparing, and had a homogeneity index for patient data ID 1 until 4 with values of 0.252, 0.009, 0.007, and 0.007, respectively.
Analysis of bio-oil effectiveness from coconut shells py roly sis as biopesticide by potentiometric biosensor
Authors: Mashuni  , Ritonga H , Hamid F H , Widiyani M , Jahiding M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Coconut shell (CS) is one waste that can be processed to produce bio-oil by pyrolysis method to be used as an active ingredient of biopesticides. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of bio-oil from coconut shells as biopesticides by optimizing the performance of potentiometric biosensors based on acetylcholinesterase enzymes including: % inhibition test, range of work concentration, Limit of detection (LoD) and accuracy. The results of the measurement of percent inhibition of the concentration of natural pesticides from the lowest concentration of 10-6 to 10-2 % (v/v) obtained the percent inhibition value respectively were 62.16; 58.08; 54.75; 49.15; 38.99; 26.98 and 17.27 %. The results of the analysis of the concentration range of work showed a linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.951 in the measurement range of 10−8% 10−2 % (v/v). LoD in the range of 107 % (v/v) and accuracy obtained an average value of percent recovery of 98.17 %, therefore testing the effectiveness of biopesticides can be done using potentiometric biosensors based on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme.
The analysis of X-Rays dose distribution in the 350 keV/10 mA electron beam machine (EBM) acility using PHITS computer code
Authors: Isdandy R F , Darsono  , Saefurrochman  , Sutadi  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The EBM 350 keV/10mA is an electron irradiation facility located at the Centre for Accelerator Science and Technology (PSTA). The EBM generates the electrons with energy of 350 keV and the beam current of 10 mA. This generated electron beam can induce x-rays radiation when passing through materials. It is dangerous for workers if the radiation dose exceeds the dose threshold. The previous study has investigated the x-rays radiation in the EBM facility. However, it implemented an analytical approach and applied the high-Z material tabulation data for the x-rays source definition. In this work, we present a different approach using particle transport simulation. The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) was utilised to obtain the x-rays source data as well as its dose distribution in the EBM facility. Based on the PHITS simulation, the x-rays are induced by the interaction between electron beams and the EBM’ window through atomic fluorescence and bremsstrahlung mechanism, with the total reaction rate density of 2.6437 × 1013 reactions/cm3s. The x-rays’ maximum dose rate of 1.4659 × 104 µSv/s is located around the window, and it decreases along with the position from the window. The x-rays dose rate in the preparation room (12 m away from the x-rays source, behind 45 cm concrete wall) was 7.4975 × 10−2 µSv/s. It exceeded the permissible dose threshold. Therefore, a radiation shield or the working-duration limits is required for the workers’ safety.
Polymer particles for the intra-articular delivery of drugs to treat osteoarthritis
Authors: Mei Xueli , Villamagna Ian J , Nguyen Tony , Beier Frank , Appleton C Thomas , Gillies Elizabeth R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic disability. It is a progressive disease, involving pathological changes to the entire joint, resulting in joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and loss of mobility. There is currently no disease-modifying pharmaceutical treatment for OA, and the treatments that do exist suffer from significant side effects. An increasing understanding of the molecular pathways involved in OA is leading to many potential drug targets. However, both current and new therapies can benefit from a targeted approach that delivers drugs selectively to joints at therapeutic concentrations, while limiting systemic exposure to the drugs. Delivery systems including hydrogels, liposomes, and various types of particles have been explored for intra-articular drug delivery. This review will describe progress over the past several years in the development of polymer-based particles for OA treatment, as well as their in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluation. Systems based on biopolymers such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, as well as synthetic polyesters, poly(ester amide)s, thermoresponsive polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol), amphiphilic polymers, and dendrimers will be described. We will discuss the role of particle size, biodegradability, and mechanical properties in the behavior of the particles in the joint, and the challenges to be addressed in future research.