bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Painful and non‐painful symptoms evoked by experimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible in healthy individuals
Authors: Kothari Simple Futarmal , Visser Meike , Timmerman Kimberley , Baad‐Hansen Lene , Koutris Michail , Lobbezoo Frank , Svensson Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBruxism may involve bracing and thrusting of the mandible, in addition to clenching or grinding of the teeth. It is unclear how bracing and thrusting may contribute to potential musculoskeletal symptoms associated with bruxism.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of experimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible on the development of musculoskeletal symptoms in healthy volunteers.MethodsThirty healthy volunteers performed six trials of 5 min of repeated bracing and thrusting of the mandible. Bracing involved forcefully maintaining maximum protruded position (5 s with 1 s rest in between), whereas thrusting involved forcefully moving the mandible in a forward direction and back (1 Hz). The participants rated pain, unpleasantness, soreness, fatigue, tension, stiffness, stress and headache on 10‐cm visual analogue scales (VAS) before, immediately and 24 h after the tasks. Pain drawings were obtained and maximum voluntary protrusive force (MVPF) was determined before and after the tasks. The outcome parameters for each task were compared between the time points.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the VAS scores (2‐4/10) of pain, unpleasantness, soreness, fatigue, tension, stiffness and stress immediately following the tasks compared to baseline and 24 h after the tasks (p < .008). Pain was frequently reported in masseter muscles. MVPF values were significantly higher immediately (p < .001) and 24 h after thrusting (p < .001) and bracing (p = .012) tasks compared to the baseline.ConclusionsExperimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible evoked transient, mild‐to‐moderate levels of muscle pain, fatigue, tension and stiffness and increased unpleasantness and stress scores in healthy volunteers.
Private‐information group contests with complementarities
Authors: Barbieri Stefano , Topolyan Iryna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe model competing groups when players' values for winning are private information, the effort complementarity is uncertain at the time efforts are exerted, and the group with the best performance wins the contest. We analyze the effects of increasing the number of team members and the anticipated complementarity of efforts. We find that the effort underprovision brought about by a larger group membership is especially severe if the complementarity is high. More generally, higher complementarity may exacerbate rather than alleviate the underprovision of effort. Members of groups that are otherwise symmetric—and only differ with respect to the anticipated complementarity of efforts—use the same equilibrium strategy. And, when groups differ only in size, members of the smaller group act more aggressively, but the smaller or larger group may be more likely to win.
Evaluation of coagulation parameters in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles
Authors: Pavlick Michelle , DeLaforcade Armelle , Penninck Dominique G. , Webster Cynthia R. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundGallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common biliary disorder in dogs. Limited information is available on the coagulation status of dogs with GBM.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine patterns of coagulation alterations in dogs with GBM and correlate them with clinicopathologic abnormalities and ultrasonographic findings of disease severity.AnimalsTwenty‐three dogs with GBM identified on ultrasound examination were prospectively enrolled.MethodsAt the time of GBM identification, blood and urine were collected for CBC, serum biochemical panel, urinalysis, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), factor VIII, protein C (PC), von Willebrand's factor (vWF), antithrombin activity, fibrinogen, D‐dimers, and thromboelastrography (TEG). Gallbladder mucoceles were classified into ultrasound types 1 to 5. Medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation, underlying conditions and to determine if systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was present.ResultsBased on TEG parameters, maximal amplitude, and G, 19/23 (83%) of dogs with GBM had evaluations consistent with hypercoagulability. On plasma‐based coagulation testing, dogs with GBM had increased total PC activity (20/23, 87%), fibrinogen (9/23, 39%), platelet count (9/23, 39%), and D‐dimers (6/15, 40%) as well as prolongations in aPTT (9/22, 41%) and low vWF activity (5/21, 24%). No correlation was found between TEG G value and any coagulation or clinical pathology variables, ultrasound stage of GBM or disease severity as assessed by the presence of SIRS.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with ultrasonographically identified GBM have changes in whole blood kaolin‐activated TEG supporting a hypercoagulable state although traditional plasma‐based coagulation testing suggests that a complex state of hemostasis exists.
Serum trypsin‐like immunoreactivity in dogs with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hamilton Kristen , O'Kell Allison L. , Gilor Chen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcurrent exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and decreased pancreatic organ size are common findings in various stages of human type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is incompletely described in diabetic dogs.ObjectiveTo compare canine trypsin‐like immunoreactivity (cTLI) of diabetic dogs with that of healthy controls. A secondary aim was to evaluate the correlation between duration of DM and cTLI.AnimalsThirty client‐owned diabetic dogs and thirty client‐owned control dogs.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Diabetic and healthy control dogs were included if they had no clinical evidence of pancreatitis and if serum samples obtained after food was withheld were available. Serum cTLI was measured at a reference laboratory and compared between groups. Canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) was analyzed concurrently as an indicator of pancreatitis.ResultsThe median cTLI concentration in all diabetic dogs (36.4 μg/L [range, 7.0‐288 μg/L]) did not differ from control dogs (28.7 μg/L [range, 12.8‐58.6 μg/L]) (P = .07; difference −7.8 μg/L [95% Confidence Interval (CI), −23.5 to 0.6 μg/L]). There was still no difference in cTLI between groups after exclusion of dogs with cPLI consistent with pancreatitis (n = 8 diabetic dogs). There was no correlation between cTLI and DM duration in all diabetic dogs (r = −0.07, [95% CI, −0.43 to 0.3],P = .7).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThere was no evidence of EPI as evaluated using cTLI in this cohort of diabetic dogs, but concurrent increases in cPLI suggest cTLI might not be the optimal indicator of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in dogs with DM.
Temporal trait plasticity predicts the growth of tropical trees
Authors: Asefa Mengesha , Song Xiaoyang , Cao Min , Lasky Jesse R. , Yang Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuestionsLinking tree growth dynamics to functional traits and neighborhood conditions that are measured at a single time point gives limited insights into the direction of forest structural and functional change. We used trait and neighborhood data collected at different time points for each individual tree of 15 Ficus species to test how trait (temporal trait plasticity) and neighborhood crowding change over time, and to test how their temporal change affects individual growth rate. We asked the following questions: (i) how do traits, neighborhood crowding, and growth of individual trees change over time; (ii) are functional traits and neighborhood crowding temporally consistent in their association with growth rate of individuals; and (iii) do temporal trait plasticity and changes in neighborhood crowding better predict the relative growth rate of individuals compared to using only a single snapshot of traits and neighborhood crowding?LocationXishuangbanna Tropical Seasonal Rainforest, southwest China.MethodsWe collected traits (specific leaf area [SLA], leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter content [LDMC], leaf chlorophyll, leaf thickness, and leaf succulence) at two time points (2010 and 2017) for 472 individuals of 15 Ficus species. We used linear mixed‐effect models to test the effect of temporal trait plasticity and neighborhood crowding on the relative growth rate of individuals.ResultsWe found that the temporal change in trait values predicts the growth rate of individuals better compared to static trait values in the initial and final censuses. We found significant temporal changes in individual traits suggesting a shift in ecological strategies from being acquisitive to conservative. A difference in neighborhood crowding between the two census years was also observed, indicating that the neighborhood effect on growth might also change over time.ConclusionsOur results in general highlight the need to consider the temporal dimension of traits and biotic interactions, as our results suggest that growth–trait relationships may vary between time points, allowing us to understand the demographic response of species to temporal environmental change through functional traits.
Once upon a time in the far south: Influence of local drivers and functional traits on plant invasion in the harsh sub‐Antarctic islands
Authors: Bazzichetto Manuele , Massol François , Carboni Marta , Lenoir Jonathan , Lembrechts Jonas J. , Joly Rémi , Renault David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimHere, we aim to: (a) investigate the local effect of environmental and anthropogenic factors on alien plant invasion in sub‐Antarctic islands; and (b) explore whether and how functional traits affect alien species dependence on anthropogenic factors in these environments.LocationPossession Island, Crozet archipelago (French sub‐Antarctic islands).MethodsSingle‐species distribution models were used to explore the effect of high‐resolution topoclimatic and human‐related variables on the occurrence of six alien plants colonizing French sub‐Antarctic islands. Furthermore, plant responses to human‐related variables and the effect of those variables in interaction with plant traits were analysed by means of a multi‐species distribution model. This allowed identifying functional features mediating the influence of human activities on the occurrence probability of alien plant species.ResultsWe observed two main invasion patterns: (a) species predicted to occur close to the introduction sites, whose occurrence probability appeared to be strongly affected by anthropogenic factors; and (b) species predicted to occur nearly everywhere on Possession Island, except in areas featuring particularly harsh climatic conditions. Differences in the influence of human‐related variables on the occurrence of the alien species were mostly related to their life history, plant height and residence time, with perennial and low‐statured species introduced earlier appearing less dependent on human‐induced dispersal and disturbance.ConclusionsWe conclude that both topoclimatic and anthropogenic factors affect plant invasion on sub‐Antarctic islands. Specifically, species predicted to occur close to their introduction sites appear much more dependent on human presence and activity, potentially due to the lack of key functional traits allowing them to spread successfully across Possession Island under the harsh sub‐Antarctic climate. Yet, particularly severe abiotic conditions are a major constraint which equally limits the occurrence of all alien plants, irrespective of their dependence on anthropogenic factors.
The impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on North American milk banks
Authors: Cohen Mathilde , Cassidy Tanya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to understand the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on human milk banking services in North America, with a focus on the United States. We triangulated questionnaire data with interviews and text‐based website data. Of the 30 human milk bank services from which data were obtained, the majority faced substantial internal organization change in terms of staffing and protocols and experienced financial hardship in particular because of decreases in donor human milk orders. At the same time, most banks reported an increase in their numbers of donors and in the volume of milk collected. These results show that the pandemic significantly affected the way in which many North American milk banks operate, some lactating mothers donate their milk and, at least during the first few months of the crisis, certain hospitals' donor human milk ordering patterns changed. It suggests in particular that stay‐at‐home orders and the turn to remote work created the potential for a surge in human milk available for donation as a number of parents no longer needed their surplus for their own children. Legal and policy reform should focus on replicating the positive effects of the pandemic on breastfeeding by guaranteeing paid parental leave and flexible work conditions. Initiatives should also aim at counteracting its negative effects by mandating the insurance coverage of donor human milk, supporting milk banks financially and, more generally, integrating lactation and human milk banking services within the health system.
Genomic data support multiple introductions and explosive demographic expansions in a highly invasive aquatic insect
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , Céspedes Vanessa , Millán Andrés , Green Andy J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study of the genetic makeup and demographic fate of alien species is essential to understand their capacity to recover from founder effects, adapt to new environmental conditions and, ultimately, become invasive and potentially damaging. Here, we employ genomic data to gain insights into key demographic processes that might help to explain the extraordinarily successful invasion of the Western Mediterranean region by the North American boatman Trichocorixa verticalis (Hemiptera: Corixidae). Our analyses revealed the genetic distinctiveness of populations from the main areas comprising the invasive range and coalescent‐based simulations supported that they originated from independent introductions events probably involving different source populations. Testing of alternative demographic models indicated that all populations experienced a strong bottleneck followed by a recent and instantaneous demographic expansion that restored a large portion (>30%) of their ancestral effective population sizes shortly after introductions took place (<60 years ago). Considerable genetic admixture of some populations suggest that hypothetical barriers to dispersal (i.e., land and sea water) are permeable to gene flow and/or that they originated from introductions involving multiple lineages. This study demonstrates the repeated arrival of propagules with different origins and short time lags between arrival and establishment, emphasizing the extraordinary capacity of the species to recover from founder effects and genetically admix in invaded areas. This can explain the demonstrated capacity of this aquatic insect to spread and outcompete native species once it colonizes new suitable regions. Future genomic analyses of native range populations could help to infer the genetic makeup of introduced populations and track invasion routes.
Belching in children: Prevalence and association with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Masui Daisuke , Nikaki Kornilia , Sawada Akinari , Sonmez Shirley , Yazaki Etsuro , Sifrim Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundExcessive belching is frequently reported in adult patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and dyspepsia. Although postprandial gastric belching (GB) is considered a physiological mechanism for gastric venting, supra‐gastric belching (SGB) is considered a distinct behavioural disorder. We aimed to define the prevalence of different types of belching and its association with reflux disease in paediatric patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed reflux monitoring studies from 287 patients (median age: 7.0 years; interquartile range 3.0–11.3 years) with a suspicion of GORD. Based on oesophageal acid exposure time (AET) patients were divided in 3 groups: (a) physiological AET, (b) borderline AET and (c) pathological AET. MII‐pH studies were manually edited and reflux disease parameters were measured together with quantification of GB and SGB.Key ResultsTwo hundred one children (70.0%) had physiological AET (median: 0.8; interquartile range 0.3–1.6), 52 (18.1%) had borderline AET (median: 4.2; interquartile range 3.4–5.3) and 34 (11.9%) had pathologic AET (median: 10.7; interquartile range 9.1–14.2). Gastric belching was observed in all studies. Gastric belching related reflux was more frequently observed in patients with borderline and pathological AET (p < 0.001). This was more common in older children. SGB were observed in only 7 (2.4%) children (age range: 8–17years) in our population and all patients had Physiological AET. Only 3 (1%) patients had pathological number of SGB (>13/24 h).Conclusions and InferencesGastric belching related reflux is observed in children with increased AET. SGB is very rare in the paediatric population.
Does self‐monitoring diet and physical activity behaviors using digital technology support adults with obesity or overweight to lose weight? A systematic literature review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Berry Rhiannon , Kassavou Aikaterini , Sutton Stephen 
Published: July 2021

SummaryEstablish whether digital self‐monitoring of diet and physical activity is effective at supporting weight loss, increasing physical activity and improving eating behavior in adults with obesity or overweight, and determine the intervention components that might explain variations in its effectiveness. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cinahl, and CENTRAL identified 4068 studies, of which 12 randomized controlled trials were eligible and included in the review. A random‐effect meta‐analysis evaluated intervention effectiveness and subgroup analyses tested for effective intervention content. Twelve studies were included in the review and meta‐analysis. Digital self‐monitoring of both diet and physical activity had a statistically significant effect at supporting weight loss (mean difference [MD] = ‐2.87 [95% CI −3.78, −1.96], P < 0.001, I2 = 69%), improving moderate physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.44 [95% CI 0.26, 0.62], P < 0.001, I2 = 0%), and reducing calorie intake (MD = −181.71 [95% CI −304.72, −58.70], P < 0.01, I2 = 0%). Tailored interventions were significantly more effective than nontailored interventions (x2 = 12.92, P < 0.001). Digital self‐monitoring of physical activity and diet is an effective intervention to support weight loss in adults with obesity or overweight. This effect is significantly associated with tailored advice. Future studies should use rigorous designs to explore intervention effectiveness to support weight loss as an adjunct to weight management services.
The role of income level and institutional quality in the non‐renewable energy consumption and life expectancy nexus: evidence from selected oil‐producing economies in Africa
Authors: Ibrahim Ridwan Lanre , Ajide Kazeem Bello 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines the functional relationship between non‐renewable energy (NRE) and life expectancy in four selected oil‐producing African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Libya and Nigeria) from 1990 to 2017. The role of income level and institutional quality (captured by control of corruption and regulatory quality) is evaluated to ascertaining the moderating or exacerbating effects of NRE (measured by natural gas, fuel and coal) on life expectancy. The empirical analyses are anchored on a set of preliminary tests consisting of cross‐sectional dependence test, panel unit root tests and co‐integration test, respectively. In the final analysis, the fully modified OLS panel method is engaged for model estimation. The empirical results reveal the negative effect of NRE on life expectancy both in models. Besides, the positive effects of income level are helpful in subduing the negative impacts of NRE on life expectancy while that of institutional quality further exacerbates it. The impacts of renewable energy and carbon emissions on life expectancy are recorded in a reverse direction. Relevant policy implications are advanced in the light of these emanating outcomes.
Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease of banana
Authors: Huang Rong , Sun Wenxiu , Wang Luru , Li Qili , Huang Suiping , Tang Lihua , Guo Tangxun , Mo Jianyou , Hsiang Tom 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBanana (Musa spp.) is one of the five most abundantly produced fruits in the world and is widely planted in tropical and subtropical areas. Banana anthracnose is one of the main diseases during the growth and postharvest storage period of banana, seriously affecting quality and production. In this study, 24 samples of banana anthracnose were collected near the cities Nanning, Qinzhou, Baise, and Chongzuo in Guangxi Province, China. Based on colony features, conidial and appressorial morphology, and sequence analysis of several genomic regions (internal transcribed spacer [ITS] region, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH], actin [ACT], β‐tubulin [TUB2], chitin synthase [CHS‐1], calmodulin [CAL], and the intergenic region of apn2 and MAT1‐2‐1 [ApMAT]), the 32 Colletotrichum isolates obtained were identified as five species: C. fructicola (41%), C. cliviicola (28%), C. siamense (16%), C. karstii (9%), and C. musae (6%). A conidial suspension (106 spores/ml) was used to inoculate banana seedlings for pathogenicity tests by applying 20 μl to wound sites. Lesions caused by C. musae developed most rapidly while those of C. karstii took the longest time to develop. This is the first report of C. siamense, and C. karstii associated with banana anthracnose in China, and the first report of C. fructicola and C. cliviicola associated with banana anthracnose worldwide.
Reconfiguring governance: How cyber security regulations are reconfiguring water governance
Authors: Michalec Ola , Milyaeva Sveta , Rashid Awais 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDevelopments in improved monitoring, asset management, and resource efficiencies led to the water industry promising a step‐change in the design and operation of these facilities: the “blending” of traditional engineering equipment with digital technologies. These apparent benefits inevitably produce new challenges of regulating an emerging techno‐political landscape. One of the regulations is Europe's Network and Information Systems Security Directive, which aims to improve cyber security across critical infrastructure providers. This paper focuses on the implementation of Network and Information Systems in the context of the water sector in England. At the national and supranational levels, Network and Information Systems acts as a boundary object that gathers diverse communities of practice without the need to establish common goals. Further, in the process of transposing the Directive into the sectoral context, Network and Information Systems requires interpretation by expert communities. We show how translating the regulatory scope to the sectoral landscape involves prioritizing some water governance goals over others. As diverse expert communities converge in their collaboration practices, their priorities align or stand in tension with public interests. We argue that cyber security regulations have potential to reconfigure water governance by refocusing strategic priorities away from traditional concerns of environmental governance. We suggest ways to maintain diverse collaborations across engineering, computing, and water expertise that Network and Information Systems implementation remains aligned with the goals of water governance.