bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource Endowment, Rural Governance, and the Development of the “New Agriculture” in China
Authors: Cheng (程瑶瑶) Yaoyao , Han (韩沛锟) Peikun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
China’s “new agriculture,” characterized by a “capital-labor dual intensifying” pattern of production, is an effective way of linking small peasants with modern agriculture. Based on a field survey of several neighboring villages in Nijingzhen, Hebei, this article describes and compares each village’s level of agricultural development, and how the new agriculture differs within them. The analysis reveals that both soil texture and land layout affect the ability of villages to adopt new agricultural technologies that characterize the new agriculture. The current land layout is determined by the land division rules that are collectively made by villagers under village self-governance and deeply influenced by the effectiveness of rural governance. “Capable rural people,” family surname and clan structures, and the structure of peasant households, in addition to the choice to remain in the villages, interact with each other and affect the effectiveness of village governing authorities. In turn, the development of the new agriculture impacts the inflow and outflow of the rural labor force, and whether villagers remain in the village, which in turn affects rural governance and social stratification.
Reform of Residential Plot Rights and the Current Omission and Future Development of the “Separation of Three Rights” in the Civil Code
Authors: Dong (董新辉) Xinhui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Civil Code has not yet articulated fully what the “separation of the three property rights” with respect to residential plot rights should mean. This is due to the inadequate development of the theoretical basis of the reform of residential property rights in the Civil Code. Future stipulation on residential plot rights in the Civil Code should aim to define both the eligibility requirements and rights, and the use rights for residential plots. Both of those are derivative of collective ownership rights. For use rights, the new definitions should apply: use rights with respect to residential plots should become transferrable and complete. The new eligibility rights should be clarified as a membership right, a major component of the rights of being a member of the collective. It should include the right of usage and the right to benefits therefrom, while excluding the rights to request distribution of or transfer of the land.
To Be Free of Poverty: The Lessons and Prospects of Poverty Alleviation in Rural China from the Perspective of Societal Governance
Authors: Zhang (张洪新) Hongxin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
While the deprivation of rights is among the roots of poverty, an analysis of issues pertaining to rights alone is insufficient for a proper understanding of and solution to the complex problem of poverty. Combatting poverty is essentially an issue of governance. China has made enormous advances in poverty alleviation in the past seven decades, thanks to the formation, perfection, and development of a unique model that allowed the state to identify the particularities of the problem of poverty during different periods and implement suitable measures accurately and efficiently. China’s success in combatting poverty has relied on the state’s strategic promotion, the CCP’s mobilization and organization, and the policies of prioritizing villagers’ interests and paying equal attention to both poverty alleviation and economic growth.
Surgery with Post-Operative Endoscopy Improves Recurrence Detection in Sinonasal Malignancies
Authors: Nyquist Gurston Gordon , Patel Prachi N. , Vimawala Swar , Chitguppi Chandala , Khoury Tawfiq , Curry Joseph M. , Luginbuhl Adam , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Rosen Marc R. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The mainstay of treatment in sinonasal malignancy (SNM) is surgery, and when combined with chemoradiation therapy, often leads to the best overall prognosis. Nasal endoscopy is essential for post-treatment surveillance along with physical exam and radiologic evaluation. The ability to directly visualize the sinus cavities after surgery may also improve early detection of tumor recurrence and is another reason to potentially advocate for surgery in these patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review of medical records of patients with pathologically proven SNM was conducted from 2005 to 2019. Results: The nasal cavity and maxillary sinus were the most common primary tumor sub-sites. The most common pathology was squamous cell carcinoma (42%). The median time to recurrence was 9.8 months. Recurrence was initially detected endoscopically in 34.3% patients, by imaging in 62.7% patients, and by physical exam in 3.0% patients. 67 (29%) total recurrences were detected on follow-up, of which 46 (68.7%) were local. Twenty-three of the local recurrences were identified via nasal endoscopy. Thirteen recurrences were identified via endoscopic surveillance within the surgically patent paranasal sinuses while 13 were identified within the nasal cavity; 5 patients had multiple sites of recurrence. Conclusion: Local recurrence of SNM is the most common site for recurrent disease and nasal endoscopy identified half of these cases. 50% of these recurrences were within the paranasal sinuses and would not have been easily identified if the sinuses were not open for inspection. Thus, open sinus cavities aid in the detection of tumor recurrence and is another advantage of surgery in the management of SNM.
Educational Value of Endoscopic Versus Microscopic Ear Surgery
Authors: Chern Alexander , Sharma Rahul K. , Maurrasse Sarah E. , Drusin Madeleine A. , Ciarleglio Adam J. , Golub Justin S. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To compare the educational value of endoscopic ear surgery versus microscopic ear surgery among medical students. Methods: Medical students anonymously completed a cross-sectional survey immediately after observing endoscopic or microscopic ear surgery. A Likert scale (1 = worst, 5 = best) was used to analyze variables across 3 domains including: (1) area of interest visibility, (2) optical quality, (3) education and understanding. The Mann–Whitney U-test and multivariable linear regression were used to compare mean scores of individual items and domain means between endoscopic and microscopic groups. Results: Forty-four surveys were analyzed (20 endoscopic and 24 microscopic ear surgeries). Across domains, the endoscope was superior to the microscope (adjusted P < .05) for visibility of the area of interest (mean ± SD: 4.74 ± 0.26 vs 4.28 ± 0.50), optical quality (4.78 ± 0.38 vs 4.28 ± 0.64), and education and understanding (4.70 ± 0.47 vs 4.13 ± 0.61). In multivariable linear regression, the mean domain score for visibility of the area of interest was 1.23 (95% CI = 0.56, 1.90; adjusted P < .01) points higher for the endoscopic group, compared to the microscopic group, adjusting for surgeon, procedure, and student type. The mean domain score for education and understanding was 1.19 (95% CI = 0.49. 1.90; adjusted P < 0.01) points higher for the endoscopic group, compared to the microscopic group, adjusting for the same confounders. Conclusions: Among medical students, endoscopic ear surgery was superior to microscopic ear surgery for several visual quality indicators and perceived educational benefit. These findings have implications for medical student education and surgical training.
Monitoring of metabolic side-effects in children and adolescents prescribed antipsychotic medication: A systematic review
Authors: Mead Laura , Ayres Alice , Blake Julie A , Scott James G 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Prescribing antipsychotic medications to children and adolescents with severe mental and developmental disorders is common; however, there is a lack of consensus on appropriate metabolic monitoring for this population. This review systematically evaluates studies examining metabolic monitoring of children and adolescents prescribed antipsychotic medication to understand the clinical practice of metabolic monitoring and identify opportunities to improve the safety of antipsychotic prescribing in this population. Methods: A systematic search for original research on metabolic monitoring in children and adolescents prescribed antipsychotics was conducted in six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library [Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL], Cochrane Methodology Register and Web of Science [Science and Social Science Citation Index]) from inception to February 2020 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were assessed for quality and findings summarised using narrative synthesis. Results: Fifteen papers were identified. Studies agreed on the need for metabolic monitoring; however, there was a gap between guideline-recommended practice and clinical practice. Variable rates of baseline and subsequent monitoring were reported for both physical and biochemical parameters, with particularly low rates for monitoring requiring venesection. Younger age was also associated with lower monitoring rates. Implementation of quality improvement activities (new guidelines, staff education and checklists) improved monitoring rates although the measurement of biochemical parameters still occurred in only a minority of children. Conclusion: Despite widespread awareness and concern regarding metabolic side-effects, monitoring occurred inconsistently and infrequently, particularly for biochemical parameters requiring venesection. Monitoring of anthropometric measures (weight, body mass index and waist circumference) with escalation to more laboratory testing where metabolic concerns are identified may improve monitoring. Minimising iatrogenic harm, through reduced antipsychotic prescription where possible, is a clinical priority in this population.
Distinct clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder are associated with cortical thickness alteration
Authors: Shan Hai-di , Liu Ya-fei , Zhao Qing , Wang Yi , Wang Yong-ming , Cheung Eric F , Chan Raymond C , Wang Zhen 
Published: May 2021

Background: Although brain structural changes have been reported in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), results from previous studies have been inconsistent. A growing number of studies have focused on obsessive beliefs and impulsivity which could be involved in the occurrence and maintenance of OCD symptoms. The present study aimed to examine whether there are distinct brain structural changes in patients with different OCD subgroups. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with OCD and 42 healthy controls were recruited to undergo structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scan. OCD patients were classified into subgroups according to scores of the Obsessive Belief Questionnaire (OBQ-44) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) using cluster analysis. Group comparisons in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between all OCD patients and healthy controls, as well as between subgroups of OCD patients and healthy controls, were carried out. Results: OCD patients with more obsessive beliefs and attentional impulsivity (OCD_OB_AT) had reduced cortical thickness at the inferior parietal gyrus, the superior and middle temporal gyrus and the insula compared with OCD patients with higher score on the non-planning impulsivity (OCD_NP, corrected p < 0.05). The whole group of OCD patients and both subgroups showed reduced cortical thickness at the superior parietal gyrus compared with controls (uncorrected p < 0.01, number of vertices > 100). Conclusion: Our results suggest that apart from distinct phenomenology, there are distinct neural correlates of different OCD subgroups based on obsessive beliefs and impulsivity. These neural correlates may have clinical significance and should be considered in future research.
Le théâtre hindi – l’identité culturelle et l’imaginaire hindou
Authors: Dimitrova Diana 
Published: May 2021

Cet article s’intéresse à la notion d’identité culturelle ainsi qu’à l’imaginaire hindou et à son influence sur la création du canon du théâtre hindi moderne. Pour ce faire, nous examinerons les segments culturels qui ont influencé le développement du genre dramatique en langue hindie. Les implications idéologiques de la construction de la tradition du théâtre hindi en tant que forme néo-sanskritique, niant les influences occidentales et islamiques, seront également discutées. Bien que la « redécouverte », après les années 1960, des traditions théâtrales folkloriques/indigènes/ deśī ait été fort importante, nous avançons qu’elle n’a pas été suffisante pour relancer et arrêter la disparition du théâtre hindi moderne puisque ces traditions n’ont pu représenter l’identité culturelle indienne. Nous proposons de comprendre l’identité culturelle indienne comme une catégorie pluraliste, qui est informée par de multiples segments culturels, comme les traditions occidentale et brahmanique, les traditions littéraires islamiques et indigènes. Par conséquent, il s’ensuit que toutes les écoles du théâtre hindi – néosanskritique, naturaliste et nativiste – représentent l’identité culturelle indienne et devraient faire partie du canon littéraire hindi.
Mindfulness Buffers the Effect of Inauthenticity on Depression
Authors: Roemer Anja , Sutton Anna , Medvedev Oleg N. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives Pressures in daily life limit one’s ability to be authentic and research shows that inauthenticity can be detrimental to mental health. Mindfulness is known to have a protective effect on mental health through an accepting and nonjudgmental stance. This study aimed to establish whether mindfulness buffers the relationship between inauthenticity and depression. Method A cross-sectional sample of employed individuals in New Zealand ( n=301) completed an online survey assessing their levels of authenticity, mindfulness, and depression. Results Findings indicate that authenticity and mindfulness together explain 29% of variance in depression. In addition, mindfulness can buffer the negative impact of low authenticity on depression. Conclusion Inauthenticity is related to higher levels of depression, but mindfulness is able to buffer this impact. These findings imply that engaging in mindfulness practice may be beneficial for mental health when individuals experience reduced authenticity.
One Hundred Years of African American Economists: Difficulties and Prospects for Black Political Economy in the 21st Century
Authors: Tauheed Linwood 
Published: May 2021

The challenge set before Black economists in 1967 by Harold Cruse in his seminal work The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual: A Historical Analysis of the Failure of Black Leadership, to create new economic theories, methodologies, and institutional forms, from a Black community point of view, is still with us, and growing more urgent by the day. Mainstream economics has failed to shine much light on fundamental problems of inequality, poverty, and financial and productive stability, particularly as these problems intersect with racial disparity. After 100 years of African American economists, perhaps it is time to strike out on our own behalf and search for the solutions to our community's problems by creating and employing our own lamps.
Bargaining Power: A Framework for Understanding Varieties of Migration Experience
Authors: Ewers Michael C. , Gengler Justin , Shockley Bethany 
Published: May 2021

This article introduces the concept of bargaining power as a framework for understanding varieties of migration experience and behavior. We argue that migration and settlement experiences vary according to a migrant’s leverage — or bargaining power — afforded by their individual cultural and socioeconomic capital (internal bargaining power) and their home country’s political and physical security characteristics (external bargaining power). These two dimensions of bargaining power interact with a host country’s social and political structures to produce specific experiences of (dis)advantage. We apply our framework to the Arab Gulf states, where large and diverse foreign populations experience complex and interconnected forms of inclusion and exclusion. Utilizing data from a nationally representative survey of a highly diverse sample of foreign residents in Qatar, we use our framework, first, to generate a typology of Gulf migration experience and, then, to statistically predict migrants’ reported life satisfaction in the host country and intentions for long-term settlement. We also use widely available secondary data to examine objective correlates of bargaining power, offering an alternative pathway for future research that does not require individual-level survey data. We conclude by describing the relevance of our bargaining power framework to the study of varieties of migration experience in other migration regimes.
Sex-stratified outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A tertiary care experience
Authors: Artani Azmina , Baloch Farhala , Laghari Abid , Siddiqui Faraz , Artani Moiz , Kazmi Khawar 
Published: May 2021

Background ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute cardiac manifestation that requires immediate revascularization preferably through primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aims to describe gender stratified outcomes and epidemiological profile of STEMI patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods A 5-year, retrospective analysis of hospital records was undertaken on confirmed STEMI patients admitted between 2010 and 2014, undergoing primary PCI. Information was retrieved on demographic variables, risk factors, total ischemia time, door to balloon time, angiographic findings, and treatment strategy and in-hospital outcomes. Results A total of 603 patients were available for analysis. Mean age of the participants was 58 ± 11 years, with 78.6% being males. The most common risk factors were hypertension (48.1%), diabetes (37%), and smoking (22.2%). Gender stratified analysis revealed poorer clinical presentation and prolonged ischemia time among women when compared to men (410 vs. 310 min, respectively). Total in-hospital mortality was 9.6% and was higher in women (19.3%), patients with non-anterior infarction (12%), Killip class >2 (39%), advanced age (14.6%), and multi-vessel disease (12%). Conclusion Our study describes the common risk factors and treatment outcomes for STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. In-hospital mortality and total ischemia time were higher among women compared to men in our study. Moreover, the risk profile, treatment related complications, and outcomes were poorer in women compared to men. We suggest further research to investigate the effect of prolonged ischemia time on long-term clinical outcomes.
Preoperative nutritional status is associated with the prognosis for lung cancer
Authors: Asakawa Ayaka , Ishibashi Hironori , Matsuyama Yusuke , Fujiwara Takeo , Kobayashi Masashi , Okubo Kenichi 
Published: May 2021

Background We investigated whether preoperative nutritional indicators predicted the prognosis for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Data for stage I or stage IIA non-small cell lung cancer without lymph node metastasis patients who received anatomical lung resection and were followed-up at least five years after surgery ( n = 286) were analyzed. We calculated geriatric nutritional risk index, prognostic nutritional index, controlling nutritional status score, and modified Glasgow prognostic score. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for age, BMI, complication, pathological stage, histology of squamous cell carcinoma, T factor, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, surgery and smoking status was fitted to evaluate the association between these nutritional indicators and mortality and recurrence within five years. Results After adjusted for covariates other than type of surgery and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, controlling nutritional status of ≥3 was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02, 7.01). The association remained marginally significant by adjusting for type of surgery and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (HR = 2.44, 95% CI = 0.92, 6.45). controlling nutritional status of ≥3 was significantly associated with recurrence (HR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.61) after adjusting for all covariates. Other nutritional indices did not predict the prognosis in multivariate analysis. Conclusion Preoperative high controlling nutritional status score was marginally and significantly associated with mortality and recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer patients after lung resection.
Theory of Mind and Executive Functions in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Specific Learning Disorder
Authors: Singh Jeetinder , Arun Priti , Bajaj Manoj Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Background: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific learning disorder (SLD) generally have difficulties in social cognition and display impairments involving emotion and face and prosody perception and reduced empathy, indicating theory of mind (ToM) impairment. The objective of this work was to assess and compare the executive functions and ToM in children with ADHD and SLD. Methods: Twenty children diagnosed with ADHD, 20 children diagnosed with SLD, and 20 normal healthy children in the age group of 7 to 15 years, IQ between 90 and 110 (average intelligence) of any gender, were recruited. All participants were assessed using neuropsychological tests of executive functions and ToM. Results: Significant differences were found on early ToM, basic ToM, advanced ToM, and mean scores on ToM inventory between ADHD and control groups (P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, significant differences were found between ADHD and SLD groups on early, basic, advanced, and mean ToM inventory scores (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found between the control and SLD groups on ToM measures. Further, in the ToM task battery, on task D and task G, significant differences were found between the SLD and control groups at P = 0.04 and P = 0.03 respectively. Differences between ADHD and control groups were also statistically significant on task D and task G at P < 0.001 and P = 0.033. Executive functions in the form of set-shifting and response inhibition were significantly poor in the ADHD group and SLD group at P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 levels, respectively, when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Children with ADHD displayed more deficits in the ToM inventory and tasks than children having SLD and healthy children of their similar age and educational background. Executive functions (set-shifting and response inhibition) were poorer in children with ADHD and children with SLD when compared to healthy children of their similar age and educational background.