bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of a continental fault basin to the global OAE1a during the Aptian: Hongmiaozi Basin, Northeast China
Authors: Fan Daijun , Shan Xuanlong , Makeen Yousif M. , He Wentong , Su Siyuan , Wang Yibo , Yi Jian , Hao Guoli , Zhao Yuting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents new research on a lacustrine anoxic event (LAE). These data include stable carbon isotope (δ13Corg), pyrite sulfur isotope (δ34Spy), trace element and biomarker ratios from the Hongmiaozi Basin (North China) and unravel the response of continental lakes under the influence of early Aptian extreme climate conditions. According to the stratigraphic chronology (122–118 Ma) and carbon isotope correlations, terrestrial sediment was influenced by the early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE1a). The results show that the Xiahuapidianzi Group experienced a significant warming process under negative excursions in carbon isotopes due to the influence of increased carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2). The climate varied from warm and humid to hot and arid (high Sr/Cu, low Rb/Sr, calcareous mudstone), the evaporation and salinity increased (high Sr/Ba and B/Ga), and land input sources decreased (low Zr, Ti and Th). Moreover, high total organic carbon (TOC) content was source from bacteria, algae (n-alkanes), and euxinic depositional environments (Pr/Ph, Cu/Zn and U V Mo). In the stage of continuous carbon isotopes positive excursion, organic matter accumulated rapidly. A paleolake environment model has provided a better understanding of current global climate issues under global warming caused by increased carbon dioxide concentrations.
Red cell distribution width as a predictor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants
Authors: Go Hayato , Ohto Hitoshi , Nollet Kenneth E. , Sato Kenichi , Ichikawa Hirotaka , Kume Yohei , Kanai Yuji , Maeda Hajime , Kashiwabara Nozomi , Ogasawara Kei , Sato Maki , Hashimoto Koichi , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common morbidity complicating preterm birth. Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of the variation of red blood cell size, could reflect oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in many diseases such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, and other diseases. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate perinatal factors affecting RDW and to validate whether RDW could be a potential biomarker for BPD. A total of 176 preterm infants born at < 30 weeks were included in this study. They were categorized into BPD (n = 85) and non-BPD (n = 91) infants. RDW at birth and 14 days and 28 days of life (DOL 14, DOL 28) were measured. Clinical data were obtained from all subjects at Fukushima Medical University (Fukushima, Japan). The mean RDW at birth, DOL 14 and DOL 28 were 16.1%, 18.6%, 20.1%, respectively. Small for gestational age (SGA), chorioamnionitis (CAM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational age and birth weight were significantly associated with RDW at birth. SGA, BPD and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion before DOL 14 were associated with RDW at DOL 14. BPD and RBC transfusion before DOL 14 were associated with RDW at DOL 28. Compared with non-BPD infants, mean RDW at DOL 14 (21.1% vs. 17.6%, P < 0.001) and DOL 28 (22.2% vs. 18.2%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in BPD infants. Multivariate analysis revealed that RDW at DOL 28 was significantly higher in BPD infants (P = 0.001, odds ratio 1.63; 95% CI 1.22–2.19). Receiver operating characteristic analysis for RDW at DOL 28 in infants with and without BPD yielded an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI 0.78–0.91, P < 0.001). RDW at DOL 28 with mild BPD (18.1% vs. 21.3%, P < 0.001), moderate BPD (18.1% vs. 21.2%, P < 0.001), and severe BPD (18.1% vs. 24.0%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher than those with non-BPD, respectively. Furthermore, there are significant differences of RDW at DOL 28 among mild, moderate, and severe BPD. In summary, we conclude that RDW at DOL 28 could serve as a biomarker for predicting BPD and its severity. The mechanism by which RDW at DOL 28 is associated with the pathogenesis of BPD needs further elucidation.
Amplify antimicrobial photo dynamic therapy efficacy with poly-beta-amino esters (PBAEs)
Authors: Perni Stefano , Preedy Emily C. , Prokopovich Polina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLight-activated antimicrobial agents (photosensitisers) are promising alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment of skin infections and wounds through antimicrobial photo dynamic therapy (aPDT); utilisation of this technique is still restricted by general low efficacy requiring long exposure time (in the order of tens of minutes) that make the treatment very resource intensive. We report for the first time the possibility of harvesting the cell penetrating properties of poly-beta-amino esters (PBAEs) in combination with toluidine blue O (TBO) to shorten aPDT exposure time. Candidates capable of inactivation rates 30 times quicker than pure TBO were discovered and further improvements through PBAE backbone optimisation could be foreseen. Efficacy of the complexes was PBAE-dependent on a combination of TBO uptake and a newly discovered and unexpected role of PBAEs on reactive species production. Chemometric approach of partial least square regression was employed to assess the critical PBAE properties involved in this newly observed phenomenon in order to elicit a possible mechanism. The superior antimicrobial performance of this new approach benefits from the use of well established, low-cost and safe dye (TBO) coupled with inexpensive, widely tested and biodegradable polymers also known to be safe. Moreover, no adverse cytotoxic effects of the PBAEs adjuvated TBO delivery have been observed on a skin cells in vitro model demonstrating the safety profile of this new technology.
Neuron type classification in rat brain based on integrative convolutional and tree-based recurrent neural networks
Authors: Zhang Tielin , Zeng Yi , Zhang Yue , Zhang Xinhe , Shi Mengting , Tang Likai , Zhang Duzhen , Xu Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study of cellular complexity in the nervous system based on anatomy has shown more practical and objective advantages in morphology than other perspectives on molecular, physiological, and evolutionary aspects. However, morphology-based neuron type classification in the whole rat brain is challenging, given the significant number of neuron types, limited reconstructed neuron samples, and diverse data formats. Here, we report that different types of deep neural network modules may well process different kinds of features and that the integration of these submodules will show power on the representation and classification of neuron types. For SWC-format data, which are compressed but unstructured, we construct a tree-based recurrent neural network (Tree-RNN) module. For 2D or 3D slice-format data, which are structured but with large volumes of pixels, we construct a convolutional neural network (CNN) module. We also generate a virtually simulated dataset with two classes, reconstruct a CASIA rat-neuron dataset with 2.6 million neurons without labels, and select the NeuroMorpho-rat dataset with 35,000 neurons containing hierarchical labels. In the twelve-class classification task, the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance compared with other models, e.g., the CNN, RNN, and support vector machine based on hand-designed features.
The RelA hydrolase domain acts as a molecular switch for (p)ppGpp synthesis
Authors: Sinha Anurag Kumar , Winther Kristoffer Skovbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBacteria synthesize guanosine tetra- and penta phosphate (commonly referred to as (p)ppGpp) in response to environmental stresses. (p)ppGpp reprograms cell physiology and is essential for stress survival, virulence and antibiotic tolerance. Proteins of the RSH superfamily (RelA/SpoT Homologues) are ubiquitously distributed and hydrolyze or synthesize (p)ppGpp. Structural studies have suggested that the shift between hydrolysis and synthesis is governed by conformational antagonism between the two active sites in RSHs. RelA proteins of γ-proteobacteria exclusively synthesize (p)ppGpp and encode an inactive pseudo-hydrolase domain. Escherichia coli RelA synthesizes (p)ppGpp in response to amino acid starvation with cognate uncharged tRNA at the ribosomal A-site, however, mechanistic details to the regulation of the enzymatic activity remain elusive. Here, we show a role of the enzymatically inactive hydrolase domain in modulating the activity of the synthetase domain of RelA. Using mutagenesis screening and functional studies, we identify a loop region (residues 114–130) in the hydrolase domain, which controls the synthetase activity. We show that a synthetase-inactive loop mutant of RelA is not affected for tRNA binding, but binds the ribosome less efficiently than wild type RelA. Our data support the model that the hydrolase domain acts as a molecular switch to regulate the synthetase activity.
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine attenuates liver inflammation and fibrosis by influencing initiating steps of liver injury
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Li Jiacheng , Liao Liping , Huang Heming , Fan Shijie , Fu Rong , Huang Jing , Shi Cuicui , Yu Liang , Chen Kai-xian , Zhang Yuan-yuan , Luo Cheng , Li Guang-ming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Liver diseases present a significant public health burden worldwide. Although the mechanisms of liver diseases are complex, it is generally accepted that inflammation is commonly involved in the pathogenesis. Ongoing inflammatory responses exacerbate liver injury, or even result in fibrosis and cirrhosis. Here we report that roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, exerts beneficial effects on acute and chronic liver inflammation as well as fibrosis. Animal models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine- and acute or chronic CCl4-induced liver injury showed that roscovitine administration markedly attenuated liver injury, inflammation and histological damage in LPS/d-galactosamine- and CCl4-induced acute liver injury models, which is consistent with the results in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that roscovitine treatment repressed the transcription of a broad set of pro-inflammatory genes involved in many aspects of inflammation, including cytokine production and immune cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited the TGF-β signaling pathway and the biological process of tissue remodeling. For further validation, the beneficial effect of roscovitine against inflammation was evaluated in chronic CCl4-challenged mice. The anti-inflammation effect of roscovitine was observed in this model, accompanied with reduced liver fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic mechanism involved inhibition of profibrotic genes and blocking of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Our data show that roscovitine administration protects against liver diseases through inhibition of macrophage inflammatory actions and HSC activation at the onset of liver injury.
Amplitude of solar gravity modes generated by penetrative plumes
Authors: Pinçon C. , Appourchaux T. , Buldgen G. 
Published: March 2021

Context. The observation of gravity modes is expected to give us unprecedented insights into the inner dynamics of the Sun. Nevertheless, there is currently no consensus on their detection. Within this framework, predicting their amplitudes is essential to guide future observational strategies and seismic studies.
Aims. While previous estimates considered convective turbulent eddies as the driving mechanism, our aim is to predict the amplitude of low-frequency asymptotic gravity modes generated by penetrative convection at the top of the radiative zone.
Methods. A generation model previously developed for progressive gravity waves was adapted to the case of resonant gravity modes. The stellar oscillation equations were analyzed considering the plume ram pressure at the top of the radiative zone as the forcing term. The plume velocity field was modeled in an analytical form.
Results. We obtain an analytical expression for the mode energy. It is found to depend critically on the time evolution of the plumes inside the generation region. Using a solar model, we then compute the apparent surface radial velocity of low-degree gravity modes as would be measured by the GOLF instrument, in the frequency range 10 µHz ≤ ν ≤  100 µHz. In the case of a Gaussian plume time evolution, gravity modes turn out to be undetectable because of too small surface amplitudes. This holds true despite a wide range of values considered for the parameters of the model. In the other limiting case of an exponential time evolution, plumes are expected to drive gravity modes in a much more efficient way because of a much higher temporal coupling between the plumes and the modes than in the Gaussian case. Using reasonable values for the plume parameters based on semi-analytical models, the apparent surface velocities in this case are one order of magnitude lower than the 22-year GOLF detection threshold and lower than the previous estimates considering turbulent pressure as the driving mechanism, with a maximum value of 0.05 cm s−1 for ℓ = 1 and ν ≈ 100 µHz. When accounting for uncertainties on the plume parameters, the apparent surface velocities in the most favorable plausible case become comparable to those predicted with turbulent pressure, and the GOLF observation time required for a detection at ν ≈ 100 µHz and ℓ = 1 is reduced to about 50 yr.
Conclusions. Penetrative convection can drive gravity modes in the most favorable plausible case as efficiently as turbulent pressure, with amplitudes slightly below the current detection threshold. When detected in the future, the measurement of their amplitudes is expected to provide information on the plume dynamics at the base of the convective zone. In order to make a proper interpretation, this potential nevertheless requires further theoretical improvements in our description of penetrative plumes.
Spiral structures in gravito-turbulent gaseous disks
Authors: Béthune William , Latter Henrik , Kley Wilhelm 
Published: March 2021

Context.Gravitational instabilities can drive small-scale turbulence and large-scale spiral arms in massive gaseous disks under conditions of slow radiative cooling. These motions affect the observed disk morphology, its mass accretion rate and variability, and could control the process of planet formation via dust grain concentration, processing, and collisional fragmentation.Aims.We study gravito-turbulence and its associated spiral structure in thin gaseous disks subject to a prescribed cooling law. We characterize the morphology, coherence, and propagation of the spirals and examine when the flow deviates from viscous disk models.Methods.We used the finite-volume code PLUTOto integrate the equations of self-gravitating hydrodynamics in three-dimensional spherical geometry. The gas was cooled over longer-than-orbital timescales to trigger the gravitational instability and sustain turbulence. We ran models for various disk masses and cooling rates.Results.In all cases considered, the turbulent gravitational stress transports angular momentum outward at a rate compatible with viscous disk theory. The dissipation of orbital energy happens via shocks in spiral density wakes, heating the disk back to a marginally stable thermal equilibrium. These wakes drive vertical motions and contribute to mix material from the disk with its corona. They are formed and destroyed intermittently, and they nearly corotate with the gas at every radius. As a consequence, large-scale spiral arms exhibit no long-term global coherence, and energy thermalization is an essentially local process.Conclusions.In the absence of radial substructures or tidal forcing, and provided a local cooling law, gravito-turbulence reduces to a local phenomenon in thin gaseous disks.
Leitlinienbasierter Clinical Decision Support – Anforderungen an evidenzbasierte Entscheidungsunterstützungssysteme
Authors: Börm Philipp 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Trotz nachgewiesener Nutzen werden Systeme zur klinischen Entscheidungsunterstützung nach wie vor nicht regelmäßig im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt.Fragestellung Der Artikel soll den theoretischen Hintergrund und die Anforderungen an leitlinienbasiertem bzw. problembasiertem Clinical Decision Support aufzeigen.Material und Methoden Darstellung der anwendbaren mathematischen Modelle, Terminologien und weiterer theoretischer Grundlagen sowie der Probleme der bisherigen Ansätze mit Lösungsvorschlägen.Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Der Einsatz leitlinienbasierter Clinical-Decision-Support-Systeme kann zur Verbesserung von Qualität, Effizienz, Sicherheit, Transparenz und Outcomes in der klinischen Medizin beitragen.
Wie häufig sind unkomplizierte Infektionen in der ambulanten Rheumaversorgung? Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Patienten mit rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Tschirschwitz Benjamin , Keyßer Gernot 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen haben ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko. Nicht nur die Erkrankung selbst, sondern auch die antirheumatische Therapie spielt dabei eine wichtige Rolle. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Häufigkeit unkomplizierter Infektionen und die Suche nach einem möglichem Underreporting derartiger Ereignisse. Geklärt werden sollte die Sichtweise der Patienten in Bezug auf das Infektionsrisiko sowie die Frage, ob unterschiedliche Therapien im klinischen Alltag messbar zu unterschiedlichen Infektionsraten führen.
Material und Methoden Zwischen 2013 und 2014 erfolgte im Raum Halle-Leipzig eine anonymisierte Patientenbefragung von 590 ambulant betreuten Patienten mit einer mindestens 2 Jahre andauernden rheumatologischen Erkrankung.
Ergebnisse Die Rate beantworteter Fragebögen betrug 78%. Daten von 432 Patienten (68% weiblich; Durchschnittsalter 55±14 Jahre) wurden ausgewertet (48% rheumatoide Arthritis). 66% der Patienten berichteten durchschnittlich 2 unkomplizierte Infektionen pro Jahr. Am häufigsten traten Atemwegsinfektionen auf (40%). 82% der Infektionen wurden ärztlich behandelt, davon jede fünfte von einem Rheumatologen. Mindestens 12% aller Infektionen wurden nicht ärztlich erfasst. Eine Biologica-Therapie erhöhte weder die Häufigkeit noch den Schweregrad von unkomplizierten Infektionen signifikant, verglichen mit konventionellen DMARDs. Die Mehrheit der Patienten unter bDMARDs sahen in dieser Therapie keine Nachteile. 58% verneinten, durch die Einnahme von Biologica häufiger unter Infektionen zu leiden. Mehr als 60% der Patienten sahen keinen Zusammenhang zwischen den Infektionen und ihrer aktuellen Medikation. Lediglich 16% der Patienten hielten eine erhöhte Infektanfälligkeit für bedenklich.
Schlussfolgerung Unkomplizierte Infektionen sind bei ambulant betreuten Rheumatikern häufig, verursachen aber offenbar wenig Probleme. Infektionen spielen im Bewusstsein der Patienten im Vergleich zu anderen unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen nicht die wichtigste Rolle. Ein vermehrtes Auftreten von unkomplizierten Infektionen unter bDMARDs konnte nicht gezeigt werden.
Vom Kollegen zum Vorgesetzten
Authors: Holtschmidt Ilona 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEin beruflicher Rollenwechsel bringt auch immer Erwartungen an die Person und deren neue Rolle mit sich. Für den Rollenträger bedeutet das nicht selten, dass er starkem Druck ausgesetzt ist. Hier ist es wichtig, die Identität in der neuen Rolle zu finden, um diese professionell auszuüben.
Familie als gesundheitserhaltende Ressource bei Spätaussiedler/innen?! Eine qualitative Studie zu Gesundheitsvorstellungen im Alter
Authors: Michalik Tanja , Koppelin Frauke , Walter Ulla 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Im Zuge des demografischen Wandels in Deutschland steigt auch die Zahl der zweitgrößten Migrantengruppe älter werdender Spätaussiedler/innen an. Das Gesundheits- und Inanspruchnahmeverhalten präventiver Maßnahmen von Spätaussiedlerin/innen unterscheidet sich von dem der deutschen Bevölkerung oder Menschen mit einem anderen Migrationshintergrund. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Gestaltung zielgruppenspezifischer Präventionsmaßnahmen ist das Wissen über die Gesundheitsvorstellungen der Spätaussiedler/innen.Ziel der Studie Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Bedeutung der Familie sowie vorherrschende Rollenbilder der Spätaussiedler/innen für die Gesundheitsvorstellungen aufzuzeigen.Methodik Leitfadengestützte Interviews wurden mit 13 Spätaussiedler/innen in Russisch durchgeführt und mit der Dokumentarischen Methode ausgewertet.Ergebnisse Die Familie und die Fürsorge für (Enkel-)Kinder stellt sich als zentrales Element der Gesundheitserhaltung der Befragten dar. Es zeigt sich, dass die aus der Sowjetunion mit-gebrachten traditionellen Rollenbilder z. T. erhalten bleiben, z. T. erfahren sie eine Erweiterung durch beider Geschlechter getätigte Fürsorge für die (Enkel-)Kinder.Schlussfolgerung Für die Gesundheitserhaltung der Spätaussiedler/innen hat der Einbezug der (Enkel-)Kinder eine gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung und kann die Inanspruchnahme präventiver Maßnahmen begünstigen.
ZFAND3 Overexpression in the Mouse Liver Improves Glucose Tolerance and Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Shimizu Kahori , Ogiya Yuya , Yoshinaga Kaede , Kimura Hajime , Michinaga Shotaro , Ono Moe , Taketomi Ayako , Terada Tomoyuki , Sakurai Fuminori , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Tomita Koji , Nishinaka Toru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have identified more than 300 loci associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanisms underlying their role in type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility remain largely unknown. Zinc finger AN1-type domain 3 (ZFAND3), known as testis-expressed sequence 27, is a type 2 diabetes mellitus-susceptibility gene. Limited information is available regarding the physiological role of ZFAND3 in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the association between ZFAND3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ZFAND3 was significantly upregulated in the liver of diabetic mice compared to wild-type mice. To overexpress ZFAND3, we generated a ZFAND3-expressing adenovirus (Ad) vector using an improved Ad vector exhibiting significantly lower hepatotoxicity (Ad-ZFAND3). Glucose tolerance was significantly improved in Ad-ZFAND3-treated mice compared to the control Ad-treated mice. ZFAND3 overexpression in the mouse liver also improved insulin resistance. Furthermore, gluconeogenic gene expression was significantly lower in primary mouse hepatocytes transduced with Ad-ZFAND3 than those transduced with the control Ad vector. The present results suggest that ZFAND3 improves glucose tolerance by improving insulin resistance and suppressing gluconeogenesis, serving as a potential novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Update on Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Rocaglate Derivatives from Aglaia Species
Authors: Agarwal Garima , Chang Long-Sheng , Soejarto Djaja Doel , Kinghorn A. Douglas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith about 120 species, Aglaia is one of the largest genera of the plant family Meliaceae (the mahogany plants). It is native to the tropical rainforests of the Indo-Australian region, ranging from India and Sri Lanka eastward to Polynesia and Micronesia. Various Aglaia species have been investigated since the 1960s for their phytochemical constituents and biological properties, with the cyclopenta[b]benzofurans (rocaglates or flavaglines) being of particular interest. Phytochemists, medicinal chemists, and biologists have conducted extensive research in establishing these secondary metabolites as potential lead compounds with antineoplastic and antiviral effects, among others. The varied biological properties of rocaglates can be attributed to their unusual structures and their ability to act as inhibitors of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), affecting protein translation. The present review provides an update on the recently
reported phytochemical constituents of Aglaia species, focusing on rocaglate derivatives. Furthermore, laboratory work performed on investigating the biological activities of these chemical constituents is also covered.