bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo-Fenton Oxidative System for Removing Tartrazine Yellow Dye in Aqueous Medium Using Y-fe Zeolite As Catalyst
Authors: Nippes Ramiro Picoli , Macruz Paula Derksen , Molina Luiza Carla Augusto , Scaliante Mara Heloísa Neves Olsen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The synthesis and application of heterogeneous solid catalysts in Fenton-type processes have been shown to be a promising alternative for the removal of hazardous pollutants. In this context, the aim of this study was to prepare and characterize a heterogeneous solid iron catalyst supported on zeolite Y for the degradation of yellow food coloring tartrazine (TY). The catalyst was produced through humid ion exchange and characterized by the physisorption of N2, XRD, SEM, TEM and EDX. The efficiency of the catalyst was evaluated through the degradation of tartrazine yellow dye in a batch regime, and the influence of some of the main operational parameters was also evaluated. The characterizations confirmed the presence of iron on the surface of zeolite Y and the increase in the specific area and pore volume after ion exchange. The catalyst used in the photo-Fenton system was extremely efficient, with a removal of approximately 98% in 120 min in the experimental conditions: [TY]0 = 10 mg/L, [H2O2]0 =200 g/L, Y-Fe dosage=1.5 g/L and pH= 3.0. It was possible to recover the catalyst and use it in five reuse cycles, showing its stability and potential application of this catalyst in heterogeneous photo-Fenton systems.
Prevalence of Pneumonia in Children’S Under Five Years in Al Sabbah Hospital Juba – South Sudan
Authors: Nyicar Simon D , Amum David A. , Kutjok Philip E. , Aban Pakjwok J. , Awin Opwonyi N. , Nyiboy Tuna Z. , Kol Angelo A. , Angong Athieng M. , Abraham Lam M. , Jiek Mandela M. , khamis Rahiel J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Each year, pneumonia affects about 450 million people globally; it is a major cause of death among all age groups resulting in 4 million deaths (7% of the world’s total death) yearly.Pneumonia is defined as the presence of fever, acute respiratory symptoms, or both, plus evidence of parenchymal infiltration chest radiography. Although, in the past decade the incidence of the disease was reported to have declined by half percent, that alone was considered to be the slowest decline in comparison to other diseasesThe objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of pneumonia in Al Sabah Children Hospital and to assess the risk factor associated. Method: A cross-sectional study design was used to determine the prevalence of pneumonia in children under-five years in Al Sabah hospital, Juba South Sudan. The study ran from 18th September to 5th of October 2021. 241 participants were randomly selected for the study and primary data were obtained through questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of pneumonia in children under-five years was found to be 22.4.7%. The incidence is highest in males 23 (57.5%) compared to females17 (42.5%). The ethnicity of the patients from Dinka (37.5%) and Bari (30%), Shilluk (7.5%), Mundari (2.5%), Madi (5%) Nuer (7.5%), Murli (5%), Lolobo (2.5%) and latoka (2.5%) and the leading ethnicity with high morbidity of pneumonia was found to be in Dinka.Conclusion: The prevalence of pneumonia in children under-five years in Al Sabah hospital is high compared to the previous research done by the students of Upper Nile University at the University of Juba in 2019 with the prevalence of 21%
An Observational Study of Physicians' Workflow Interruptions in Outpatient Departments in China
Authors: Zhu Ximin , Hu Yinhuan , Wang Liuming , Li Dehe , Wu Xiaoyue , Xia Shixiao , Cheng Siyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Workflow interruptions are frequent in hospital outpatient clinics. Eventually, not only reducing the work efficiency and quality, but also further threatening patient safety. Over the last 10–15 years, research on workflow interruptions in inpatient care has increased, but there is a lack of research on the interruptions in outpatient clinics. The present study aimed to study the differences in physicians' workflow interruptions among outpatient departments in the tertiary hospital in China.Methods: In a tertiary hospital, a standardized observational study of 32 doctors' workflow in outpatient department of four typical clinical specialties was conducted. The record of workflow interruptions was based on a self-made observation instrument after verifying its reliability and validity. Linear regression methods were used to assess outpatient characteristics as predictors of the number of interruptions. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the difference about the duration of interruptions among specialties, and the Chi-Square Test was used to examine the sources of interruptions among different specialties, to determine whether interruption source is associated with specialty.Results: The number of patients was the significant independent predictor of the number of interruptions(p<0.001). In terms of work tasks being interrupted, the highest interruption rate occurred when physicians were asking health history: 19.95 interruptions per hour. The distribution of interruption sources among the four clinical specialties were statistically different (Χ2 =16.988, p = 0.049). Conclusion: The findings indicate that physicians' workflow interruptions are connected with many contents in the work system. Further emphasis should be placed on the effective application of hospital management measures in an interrupted environment to promote a safe and efficiency outpatient care.
Robust Asynchronous Fuzzy Predictive Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for Nonlinear Multiphase Batch Processes with Time-Varying Tracking Trajectories
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Shiqi , shi Huiyuan , Su Chengli , Li Ping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A T-S model-dependent robust asynchronous fuzzy predictive fault-tolerant tracking control scheme is developed for nonlinear multiphase batch processes with time-varying tracking trajectories and actuator faults. Firstly, considering the influence of the mismatch between the previous phase state and the current phase controller during the switching, a T-S fuzzy switching model including the match and mismatch case is established. Depending on the fuzzy switching model, a robust fuzzy predictive fault-tolerant tracking controller is designed by considering the situation whether the model rules correspond to the controller rules. Secondly, using the related theories and methods, the system stability conditions presented by the linear matrix inequality considering the above conditions are provided to guarantee the stability of the system. By solving these stability conditions, the T-S fuzzy control law gain of each phase, the minimum running time of each match case and the maximum running time of each mismatch case are obtained. Then, through the maximum running time, the strategy of the switching signal in advance is adopted to avoid the occurrence of asynchronous switching, so as to ensure that the system can operate stably. Finally, the simulation results verify that the designed controller is effective and feasible.
Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation for Mahanadi Basin in India - Prediction of Future Streamflows
Authors: C Nayak P. , Wagh Poonam , B. Venkatesh , T. Thomas , R. Satyaji Rao Y. , Srivas Roshan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Climate change has long-term impacts on precipitation patterns, magnitude, and intensity, affecting regional water resources availability. Besides, understanding the interannual to decadal variations of streamflows in a river basin is paramount for watershed management, primarily extreme events such as floods and droughts. This study investigates impact of climate change in streamflows estimation for four sub-basins of the Mahanadi River, in India. The study includes three major components: (i) Historical trend analysis of hydroclimatic variables, using Mann-Kendall test; (ii) Statistical downscaling of GCM generated precipitation using change factor method and KnnCAD V4 stochastic weather generator; (iii) Dependable flow analysis of future streamflows predicted using Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for various future GCM scenarios. It is observed that during the historical period, there is a decrease in number of rainy days and total annual precipitation in all sub-basins. However, the analysis also indicates an increase in flood intensity in two of the sub-basins. The decadal future precipitation has a marginal decrease in precipitation (up to 10%) for future scenarios; however, the precipitation events with high intensities increases. The results indicate that the magnitudes of 5% and 10% dependable flows are higher than the historically observed streamflows, for all future scenarios. This indicates a significant increase in extreme flood events in the basin. Further, only one of the sub-basins has shown an increase in water availability for agriculture and drinking water purposes (75% and 95% dependable flows) in the future. Understanding future flood events in the Mahanadi basin can help decision-makers to implement appropriate mitigation strategies.
Modelling Inter-pixel Spatial Variation of Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity
Authors: Chen Yanhua , Chen Wendy Y. , Lafortezza Raffaele 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Context

Surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) is a classical measure, which is sensitive to the selection of pixels/measurements representative of urban and rural areas, and overlooks pixel-level SUHII variation and thermodynamics of heterogeneous urban landscape. Accounting inter-pixel landscape heterogeneity in SUHII would capture inter-pixel thermodynamics and reveal complicated micro-thermal situations, contribute to assessment of potential heat risks at micro-pixel scale.

Objectives

This study develops [[EQUATION]] using pixel-based sharpening enhancement method. It integrates a pixel’s LST magnitude that reflects a city’s thermal context with local SUHII considering landscape variations and cognate thermal interactions of neighboring pixels.

Methods
[[EQUATION]] is constructed using MODIS LST product for Guangzhou (south China) in the summer season of 2015 through cloud-based GEE platform. Its effectiveness is tested using a bivariate choropleth map and Gaussian density curve with stepwise increments of the thermal influence from neighboring pixels.

Results

We found that (1) local SUHII variations are sensitive to the spatial configuration of a center pixel’s land use and that of its neighbors; (2) [[EQUATION]] makes more pronounced those spots that are heat per se (with higher original LST), but also receive additional heat load from adjacent pixels due to land-use homogeneity; (3) the effectiveness of [[EQUATION]] could be demonstrated by Gaussian density curve.

Conclusions

This paper proposed a new SHUII indicator, [[EQUATION]] , which models inter-pixel spatial variation of SHUI and highlights how neighboring pixels’ homogenous/heterogeneous land-use and associated thermal properties could affect center pixels’ thermal characteristics via either reinforcement or mitigation of heat load.
Rad21 is the core subunit of the cohesin complex involved in directing genome organization
Authors: Sun Yujie , Sun Yuao , Xu Xin , Zhao Wenxue , Zhang Yu , Chen Keyang , Li Yongzheng , Wang Xiaotian , Zhang Mengling , Xue Boxin , Yu Wanting , Hou Yingping , Wang Chaobin , Xie Wei , Li Cheng , Kong Daochun , Wang Shu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ring-shaped cohesin complex is an important factor regulating genome structure. It is thought to mediate the formation of chromatin loops and topologically associating domains (TADs) by loop extrusion. However, the regulation of association between cohesin and chromatin is poorly understood. In this study, we directly visualized cohesin loading after up-regulation of cohesin subunit Rad21 by identifying the formation of vermicelli-like structures via live cell super-resolution imaging. We also reveal that cohesin loading can be promoted by Rad21-loader interactions and accumulated contacts were shown at TAD corners while inter-TAD interactions increased after vermicelli formation, indicating that Rad21 is an important determinant of chromatin structure. Moreover, we find that cohesin saddle on topologically associating domains by FISH assay, which is consistent with the CTCF/cohesin-anchored chromatin loop model. Importantly, expression of Rad21 is strictly controlled, and aberrant expression of Rad21 leads to the formation of Rad21 “beads” in the nucleus. In summary, our observations provided important new biological insights into the mechanism of cohesin loading and its functions.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness-Based (Baduanjin) Exercise for the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients
Authors: Xie Xiyan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Baduanjin is a fitness routine that has been developed in accordance with the appeal of the General Administration of Sport of China and promoted both in China and abroad. This paper aims to systematically evaluate the effect of Baduanjin on the rehabilitation of stroke patients.Methods: We searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, and VIP Chinese Journal Database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the rehabilitation effect of Baduanjin exercise on stroke patients. All manuscripts published before October 30, 2021 were considered. Results: A total of 1332 stroke patients were included in the 14 selected RCTs. Results of the meta-analysis showed that Baduanjin effectively improved the lower extremity balance function [MD = 9.74, 95% CI (5.32, 14.15), P < 0.0001], sensory-motor function [MD = 5.37, 95% CI (1.59, 9.16), P = 0.005], neurological function [MD = -2.41, 95% CI (-3.07, -1.75), P < 0.00001], the ability to perform daily activities [MD = 14.00, 95% CI (6.17, 21.83), P = 0.0005], sleep quality [MD = -3.08, 95% CI (-3.90, -2.25), P < 0.00001], and quality of life [MD = 31.71, 95% CI (13.68, 49.73), P = 0.06]. Compared to conventional treatment, the rehabilitation effect was greater with Baduanjin combined with conventional treatment. Conclusions: Baduanjin is an effective method to treat stroke patients and improve their functional performance. However, due to the small sample size and low data quality, further multicenter RCTs with large sample sizes are required to verify the results.
The Role of Nonlinear Body Force in Electrostatic Propeller Driven by Atmospheric DC Corona Discharges
Authors: Sohbatzadeh Farsahd , Ahmadi Hamed Soltani , Mirzanejhad Saeed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, the body force generated by atmospheric positive and negative corona discharges were investigated using a wire-cylinder configuration experimentally and numerically. We provided new insight into the atmospheric electric thruster by introducing a nonlinear term in body force constituent the thrust of the system. It was observed that the direction of both body forces and electric winds is always from the wire to the cylinder irrespective of the applied voltage polarity. It was illustrated that the corresponding thrusts and the electric wind of the positive corona are larger than that of the negative corona discharge. We took into account the nonlinear mechanisms to explain the difference in thrust forces in positive and negative corona discharges. To elucidate the origin of the body force in corona discharges, we performed 2-D simulations via COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB software. The results of the numerical simulation showed that in addition to the linear body force (Coulomb force) a strong nonlinear body force is generated around the wire electrode that plays a crucial role in corona thrusters. To verify the direction and magnitude of the thrust, a simple theory was proposed based on variable mass systems and confirmed by published experimental works.
Evaluation of Capability of Some Amino Acid-based Poly (Ionic Liquid)s as Biocompatible Agent for Co2 Absorption
Authors: Noorani Narmin , Mehrdad Abbas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, seven amino acid-based poly(ionic liquid)s (AAPILs) such as poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium glycinate), P[VBIm][Gly], poly (1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium alaninate), P[VBIm][Ala], poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium valinate), P[VBIm][Val], poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium prolinate) P[VBIm][Pro], poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium hisdinate), P[VBIm][His], poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium lysinate), P[VBIm][Lys], and poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium arginate), P[VBIm][Arg] have been synthesized, characterized, and their CO2 absorption capacities were investigated using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) at temperature range 288.15–308.15 and pressures up to 5 bar. Based on the absorption mechanism, the reaction equilibrium thermodynamic model is applied to correlating the experimental CO2 absorption capacities. The reaction equilibrium constant and Henry’s law constant were calculated to evaluate the efficiency of the AAPILs for CO2 absorption. In the investigated AAPILs, the CO2 absorption capacity was as follows: P[VBIm][Arg] > P[VBIm][Lys] > P[VBIm][His] > P[VBIm][Pro] > P[VBIm][Gly] > P[VBIm][Val] > P[VBIm][Ala]. The accessibility of available more amine groups in AAPIL with arginate anion is the main factor for the high CO2 absorption capacity. Also, chemical absorption of CO2 via carbamate formation was corroborated by FT-IR spectroscopy.
Quo Vadis? Carbon Peak and Emission Network for China in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Chen Jiandong , Xu Chong , Gao Ming , Li Ding 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
China’s carbon peak greatly impacts global climate targets. Limited studies have comprehensively analyzed the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, changing emission network, and recent carbon intensity (CI) reduction on the carbon peak and the corresponding mitigation implications. Using a unique dataset at different levels, we project China’s CO2 emission by 2035 and analyze the time, volume, driver patterns, complex emission network, and policy implications of China’s carbon peak in the post- pandemic era. We develop an ensemble time-series model with machine learning approaches as the projection benchmark, and show that China’s carbon peak will be achieved by 2021–2026 with > 80% probability. Most Chinese cities and counties have not achieved carbon peaks response to the priority-peak policy and the current implementation of CI reduction should thus be strengthened. While there is a "trade off" between the application of carbon emission reduction technology and economic recovery in the post-pandemic era, a close cooperation of interprovincial CO2 emission is also warranted.
Plant Traits of Phalaris Arundinacea and Phragmites Australis – Examining Effects of Water Level, Salinity, and Soil Types in a Mesocosm Experiment
Authors: Dahlkamp Andreas , Heuner Maike , Nolte Stefanie , Carus Jana , Jensen Kai , Schröder Boris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Knowledge about the distribution of species along rivers and estuaries is the basis for decisions in nature conservation, but also for nature-based coastal and shore protection. Along rivers and estuaries, abiotic conditions affect plant traits, especially close to the marsh edge, and thus determine the distribution of plant species. Phragmites australis and Phalaris arundinacea occur along the German Elbe in the inland river and in the estuary, but the distribution of both species is locally and regionally inhomogeneous. We therefore simulated abiotic conditions of respective Elbe sections in a mesocosm experiment and investigated the influence of soil type, salinity, water level, and plant provenance on plant traits of P. australis and P. arundinacea. We compared growth-related and mechanical plant traits of both species. Productivity of P. arundinacea was less affected by sandy soil than that of P. australis. P. australis was insensitive to salinity and water level fluctuations, while traits of P. arundinacea responded to these factors. Furthermore, mechanical properties within a species were mainly dependent on plant growth. P. arundinacea was more flexible than P. australis, which can be attributed to morphological differences and differences in plant tissue. Plant provenance did not affect the response of plant traits to abiotic conditions. Our study provides clues for understanding the distribution patterns of P. australis and P. arundinacea.
An Intramuscular Multivalent Vaccine Against Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Injected in Suckling Piglets Reduced the Prevalence of Pathogenic E. Coli and Lawsonia Intracellularis Until Slaughter
Authors: Pascoal Lívia Mendonça , Chagas Sarah Rodrigues , Pallarés Francisco J. , Quereda Juan J. , Medrano Juan Manuel Herrero , Muñoz Antonio , Ramis-Vidal Manuel Guillermo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an intramuscular multivalent Escherichia coli vaccine for suckling piglets against infection not only by pathogenic E. coli but also by pathogens involved in Porcine Enteric Disease Complex (PEDC). Vaccinated Group had piglets vaccinated at days 10 and 20 of life with Colidex-C® (Vetia Animal Health, Spain), and Control Group had piglets that received sterile saline solution injection at the same days of life. We collected fecal samples in the farm from animals presenting diarrhea and intestinal mucosa swabs and ileum and colon tissue at slaughter and then performed PCR to identify E. coli virulence factors genes. Furthermore, we performed PCR to identify Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodisenteriae, and Salmonella spp.Results: Regarding fecal samples, 0% from Vaccinated Group was positive for E. coli, while Control Group had 94.1% of positive samples (p<0.0001). With respect to intestinal mucosa swab, 0% of the samples from Vaccinated Group were positive for E. coli, while 100% from Control Group were positive (p=0.001). Regarding ileum and colon tissue samples, 35% were positive for E. coli in Vaccinated Group and 85% in Control Group (p=0.001); Gcnt had a higher frequency of F41 (p=0.018), LT (p=0.018) and Sta (p=0.028) virulence factors genes. No sample was positive for Salmonella spp. nor for B. hyodisenteriae, but there were positive samples L. intracellularis; real-time PCR was performed and the frequencies found were 40% and 20% of ileum and colon positive samples in Vaccinated Group and 100% for ileum and 70% for colon in Control Group (p<0.001 for ileum and p=0.001 for colon).Conclusion: The results indicate that the E. coli vaccine for piglets may be a strategy to control E. coli infection. E. coli vaccines emerge as a probable strategy to help control L. intracellularis and, maybe, other enteric pathogens of pigs not evaluated in this study.