bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and Transmitted drug-resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhou Chang , Liang Shu , Li Yiping , Zhang Yan , Li Ling , Ye Li , Yuan Dan , Su Ling 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Sichuan Province is one of the highest AIDS epidemic provinces in China, with a large number of floating population. The annual number of cases of HIV/AIDS reported in Sichuan has been the highest province in China for several successive years. There is a lack of widespread and representative data on the distribution of HIV subtypes in Sichuan. We aim to investigate the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and transmitted drug-resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Sichuan, China.
Method

Archived plasma samples (n = 1524) from HIV-1 newly-diagnosed individuals in April 2019 were selected by cross-sectional investigation from all 21 cities in Sichuan Province. Phylogenetic relationship, transmission cluster, and genotypic drug resistance analyses were performed using HIV-1 polymerase (pol) gene sequences. We also analysed the association of demographic and virological factors with transmitted drug-resistance (TDR).
Results

Partial pol gene sequences were obtained from 1297 cases. HIV-1 epidemic strains in Sichuan province: the majority of subtypes were circulating recombinant form (CRF) 07_BC (675, 52.04%), CRF01_AE (343, 26.45%), CRF08_BC (115, 8.87%), CRF85_BC (67, 5.17%), subtype B (33, 2.54%), the other subtypes only accounted for 4.93%, and circulating recombinant forms (URFs) (23, 1.77%) were observed in the study, and the difference of age, ethnicity, education, occupation, region and transmission pathway of different subtypes were statistically significant, CRF08_BC was significantly drug-resistant. A total of 205 (43.78%) pol sequences were involved in the genetic transmission network, with 76 clusters ranging in size from 2 to 24 pol sequences. In addition, the level of TDR has reached a medium level, with 72 of 1297 (5.55%) cases carrying drug-resistance mutation sites, TDR mutation frequency to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs, 3.85%) was much higher than nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs, 0.31%) and protease inhibitors (PIs, 1.70%). The most common HIV-1 mutation pattern for NNRTI was V106 (1.31%, 17/1297) and E138 (1.16%, 15/1297), and for PI was M46 (0.69%, 9/1297).
Conclusion

The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in Sichuan is more diverse and complex, and the Men who have sex with men (MSM) is underrated, arguing for behavior scaling up intervention in this specific population besides the elderly people with heterosexual transmission risk groups. The risk of TDR mutation frequency increased in newly diagnosed patients highlights the significance of genotypic drug resistance monitoring and molecular surveillance of pretreatment HIV-1 drug resistance. The regimen composed of TDF, 3TC and EFV was still currently the preferred solution used free first-line therapy.
Safety Profile of Mutant EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Meta-Analysis and Literature to Review
Authors: Tauseef abubakar , Zafar Maryam , Silberstein Peter , Nahas Joseph , Frederickson Thomas , Abbas Anum , Alali Yaman , Hansen Sean , Abughanimeh omar , Mirza Mohsin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite the use of platinum-based chemotherapy, lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer related death in the world. To overcome the rate of lung cancer related death, scientists discovered advanced therapies including mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) inhibitors. Included in this study are nine phase 3 randomized controlled trials designed to study the safety profile of mutant EGFR-TK inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The study showed that mutant EGFR-TK inhibitors have an incidence of adverse effects that is far less than platinum-based chemotherapy. Adverse effects reported were tolerable and easily manageable by slowing the infusion rate, decreasing the dosage, and skipping a dosage in symptomatic patients.
Fetal Exposure to Acetochlor Impaired Cognitive Function in Rats via Abnormal Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Wei Wei , Wu Huanyu , Gu Wenbo , Xu Jiaxu , Hu Cong , Ma Yifan , Qi Guolian , Jiang Hongyan , Long Yujia , Jiang XiTao , Han Tianshu , Jiang Wenbo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Current evidence has shown that acetochlor has adverse effects on health, which has been widely used in agricultural production, while the evidence on the effects of fetal acetochlor exposure on nervous system is quite limited. The fetus period is the most sensitive window period in the whole lifetime to external stimuli. Therefore, we established a rat model fetal exposed to acetochlor. Results: Impaired cognitive function, abnormal gut microbiome and significant changes in the hippocampus and colon could be observed in the acetochlor-exposed group. We also observed remarkable impairment in the hippocampal cells in the histomorphology observation. Fecal microbiota transplantion(FMT) was performed to elucidate whether the gut microbiome mediated the acetochlor-induced abnormal behavior. Then the proteomics analysis and metabonomics analysis in the hippocampus indicated that differential expression proteins were mainly enriched in amino acid neurotransmitter-related pathways, long-term potentiation, and synaptic-related pathways and differential metabolite were mainly enriched in mutiple neurotransmitter-related pathways. Then we observed remarkable changes in the Camk2b/Erk1/2/NF-κB pathway and Prkaca/p-CREB1/BDNF pathway in the FMT group, which may cause abnormal cognitive behaviors. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that fetal exposure to acetochlor could induce abnormal behaviors in rats via disrupting the intestinal microbiome.
LENG8 regulation of mRNA processing is responsible for the control of mitochondrial activity
Authors: Zhao Yongxu , Wang Xiaoting , Liu Yuenan , Li Niannian , Wang Shengming , Sun Zhigang , Zhu Jingyu , Gao Zhenfei , Zhang Xiaoxu , Mao Linfei , Guan Jian , Yi Hongliang , Ding Qiurong , Liu Feng , Zhang Nan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The processing of mRNA is essential for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis. However, the precise regulation of this process in mammalian cells, remains largely unknown. Here we have found that LENG8 represents the mammalian orthologue of the yeast mRNA processing factor Thp3 and Sac3. We go on to demonstrate that LENG8 binds to mRNAs, associates with components of mRNA processing machinery (the TREX complex) and contributes to mRNA nuclear export to the cytoplasm. Loss of LENG8 , leads to aberrant accumulation of poly (A) + RNA in the nucleus, in both Hela cells and murine fibroblasts. Furthermore, the precipitation of LENG8, is associated with an enrichment of both mRNAs and lncRNAs, and approximately half of these are also bound by the TREX component, THOC1. However, LENG8 preferentially binds mRNAs encoding for mitochondrial proteins and depletion of this processing factor, causes a dramatic breakdown in mitochondrial ultrastructure and a reduction in mitochondrial respiratory activity. Conditional deletion of Leng8 in mouse adipose tissues lead to a decreased body weight, and increased adipose thermogenesis. Our work has found an evolutionarily conserved mRNA processing factor that can control mitochondrial activity.
Acute Diesel Exhaust Exposure Causes a Delayed Reduction in Cognitive Control
Authors: Faherty Thomas , Delgado-Saborit Juana Maria , Alfarra Rami , MacKenzie Angus R , McFiggans Gordon , Shapiro Kimron L , Raymond Jane E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Urban residents are frequently exposed to high levels of traffic-derived air pollution for short time periods, often (but not exclusively) during commuting. Although chronic air pollution exposure and health effects, including neurological effects on children and older adults, are known to be correlated, causal effects of acute pollution exposure on brain function in healthy young adults remain sparsely investigated. Neuroinflammatory accounts suggest effects could be delayed by several hours and could affect attention, especially in social contexts. Using a controlled atmosphere chamber, we exposed 81 healthy young adults to either diluted diesel exhaust (equivalent to polluted roadside environments) or clean air for one hour. Half of each group immediately completed a selective attention task to assess cognitive control; remaining participants completed the task after a 4-hour delay. Cognitive control was significantly poorer after diesel versus clean air exposure for those in the delay but not immediate test condition, suggesting an inflammatory basis for this acute negative effect of air pollution on cognition. These findings provide the first experimental evidence that acute diesel exposure, comparable to polluted city streets, causes a negative effect on cognitive control several hours later. These findings may explain commuter mental fatigue and support clean-air initiatives.
Delayed discharge for non-clinical reasons among stroke patients in a high-complexity hospital: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Pellico-López Amada , Fernández-Feito Ana , Cantarero David , Montes Manuel Herrero , Cuevas Joaquín Cayón- De las , Parás-Bravo Paula , Paz-Zulueta María 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Delayed discharge for non-clinical reasons (bed-blocking) is characteristic of pathologies associated with ageing, loss of functional capacity and dependence such as stroke. The aims of this study were to describe the costs and characteristics of cases of patients with stroke and delayed discharge for non-clinical reasons (bed-blocking) compared with cases of bed-blocking (BB) for other reasons and to assess the relationship between the length of total stay (LOS) with patient characteristics and the context of care. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a high complexity public hospital in Northern Spain (2007-2015). 443 stroke patients presented with BB. Delayed discharge increased LOS by approximately one week. The mean age was 80.22 years, significantly higher than in cases of BB for other reasons. Patients with stroke and BB are usually older patients, however, when younger patients are affected, their length of stay is longer in relation to the sudden onset of the problem and the lack of adequate functional recovery resources or residential facilities for intermediate care.
Identification of Key Interactions of Benzimidazole Resistance-Associated Amino Acid Mutations in Ascaris β-Tubulins By Molecular Docking Simulations
Authors: Jones Ben P. , Vliet Arnoud H.M. , LaCourse E. James , Betson Martha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Ascaris species are soil-transmitted helminths that infect humans and livestock mainly in low and middle-income countries. Benzimidazole (BZ) class drugs have predominated for many years in the treatment of Ascaris infections, but persistent use of BZs has already led to widespread resistance in other nematodes, and treatment failure is emerging for Ascaris. Benzimidazoles act by binding to β-tubulin proteins and destabilising microtubules. Three mutations in the β-tubulin protein family are associated with BZ resistance. Seven shared β-tubulin isotypes were identified in Ascaris lumbricoides and A. suum genomes. Benzimidazoles were predicted to bind to all β-tubulin isotypes using in silico docking, demonstrating that the selectivity of BZs to interact with one or two β-tubulin isotypes is likely the result of isotype expression levels affecting the frequency of interaction. Ascaris β-tubulin isotype A clusters with helminth β-tubulins previously shown to interact with BZ. Molecular dynamics simulations using β-tubulin isotype A highlighted the key role of amino acid E198 in BZ-β-tubulin interactions. Simulations indicated that mutations at amino acids E198A and F200Y alter binding of BZ, whereas there was no obvious effect of the F167Y mutation. In conclusion, the key interactions vital for BZ binding with β-tubulins have been identified and show how mutations can lead to resistance in nematodes.
Designing and Implemenitin of an Evidence-Based Information Management and Practice Course for Librarians Based on ADDIE Model
Authors: Gavgani Vahideh Zarea , Hazrati Hakimeh , Sadeghi-Ghyassi Fatemeh , Esmaeilzad Sima , Mahami Mina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence-based practice is competency required by librarians to provide quality services in today’s rapidly growing world of information. This study aimed to instructional desianing and implementing of an evidence-based information management and practice course based on ADDIE Model.Methods: This action research was conducted based on ADDIE Model in 2019 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The Analysis,Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation was performed accordingly. The course was offered virtually through the Learning Mangement System of one of the top ranked universities in Iran. course evalouation was done based on Kirkpatrick’s model. A Likert-based satisfaction evaluation questionnaire was developed, which included three open-ended questions about strengths and weaknesses of the course and an open-end question for recommendations. After psychometric analysis, the questionnaires were distributed among the participants. The data were analyzed in SPSS 19 and reported by descriptive statistics (mean and SD).Results: After three sessions of focus group discussion, 10 lessons was determined inclouding: evidence-based practice in clinical medicine, critical thinking and mind map, searching and retrieving evidence, systematic reviews, critical appraisal of evidence, systematic search, levels of evidence, systematic questions, and meta-analysis. The syllabuses was categorized in 5 modules based on 5 steps of evidence-based practice guidline.The overall satisfaction about the training was reported excellent (83.52 ± 16.27), and addressed the highest satisfaction with the support services (94.52 ± 29.68).Conclusions: This syllabus is appropriate for short course education of evidence-based approach in librarianship as a branch of medical librarianship and information sciences. It also is suitable for professional continuing education of librarians.
Defining research priorities for youth public mental health: reflections on a co-production approach to transdisciplinary working
Authors: Taylor Andrea , McMellon Christina , French Tara , MacLachlan Alice , Evans Rhiannon , Lewis Ruth , McCann Mark , Moore Laurence , Murphy Simon , Simpson Sharon , Inchley Jo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

With most mental health problems established during childhood/adolescence, young people must be a key focus of public mental health (PMH) approaches. Despite the range of factors known to influence mental health, evidence for effective interventions is lacking for this age group. This study aimed to define priorities for future intervention-focussed research to support youth PMH by engaging with transdisciplinary stakeholder groups.
Methods

Our co-production approach involved priority-setting workshops with young people, researchers, practitioners and policymakers. Each workshop focussed on three thematic areas: social connections and relationships; schools and other education settings; key groups at greater risk of mental ill-health, specifically LGBTQ+ and care-experienced young people. Workshop outputs were synthesised to define research priorities.
Results

Ten priorities for youth PMH research were defined, covering the following areas: building supportive relationships; whole system approaches; social media; support at times of transition; improving links between different services; development and training for those who support young people; staff mental health; engaging with families; awareness of and access to services; out of school and community settings.
Conclusions

These research priorities can inform future intervention-development to support youth PMH. Our transdisciplinary approach means the identified research priorities are more likely to be relevant to young people’s experiences and needs, and to fit with the needs of those working in practice and policy to support young people.
Navigating Pandemic Responsiveness in an Acute Care Setting: A Community Hospital’s Operational Experience with COVID-19
Authors: McLean Jesse , Clark Cathy , McKee Aidan , Legue Suzanne , Cocking Jane , Lamarche Amanda , Heerschap Corey , Morris Sarah , Fletcher Tracey , McKee Corey , Kennedy Kristal , Gross Leigh , Broeren Andrew , Forder Matthew , Barner Wendy , Tebbutt Chris , Kings Suzanne , DiDiodato Giulio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

To ensure continuity of services while mitigating patient surge and nosocomial infections during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, acute care hospitals have been required to make significant operational adjustments. Here, we identify and discuss key administrative priorities and strategies used by a large community hospital located in Barrie, Ontario to manage COVID-19.
Methods

Guided by a qualitative descriptive approach, we conducted a thematic analysis of all COVID-19-related documentation discussed by the hospital’s Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) during the first pandemic wave. We solicited operational strategies from administrative leaders to construct a narrative for each theme.
Results

Seven recurrent themes critical to the hospital’s pandemic response emerged: 1) Organizational Structure: a modified EOC structure was adopted to increase departmental interoperability and situational awareness; 2) Capacity Planning: Design Thinking guided rapid infrastructure decisions to meet surge requirements; 3) Occupational Health and Workplace Safety: a multidisciplinary team provided respirator fit-testing, critical absence adjudication, and wellness needs; 4) Human Resources/Workforce Planning: new workforce planning, recruitment, and redeployment strategies addressed staffing shortages; 5) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): PPE conservation required proactive sourcing from traditional and non-traditional suppliers; 6) Community Response: local partnerships were activated to divert patients through a non-referral-based assessment and treatment centre, support long-term care and retirement homes, and establish a 70-bed field hospital; and 7) Corporate Communication: a robust communication strategy provided timely and transparent access to rapidly evolving information.
Conclusions

The hospital benefited from an interconnected command structure that focused on inter-operability, communication, novel administrative tools, and community partnerships.
Reduction of Wastes and Costs Through the Modified Kanban System in Unit Storerooms of HGH: A Value-for-Money Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: LOGRONO KENNETH JUN , ZU'BI BELAL SALEM 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most public health sectors in many countries were heavily burdened both financially and operationally as a result of the pandemic's new changes. Organizations have been pushed to develop innovative solutions to balance expenses and revenues through value-for-money initiatives as a result of erratic economic conditions.Purchasing and supply distribution to the point of care account for approximately 30–40% of the hospital's operating budget. The demand-based ordering system, also known as the par system, has inherently resulted in increased waste due to obvious estimations for the quantity of items. Increased waste and costs have become a widespread issue in the healthcare supply chain, which was identified as a priority for improvement.The project is aimed to reduce the costs by 50% by implementing the Kanban system in the unit storeroom of medical units within three months. The IHI Model of Improvement was undertaken to go through the implementation of the project. Several quality improvement tools were used to test different ideas of change and measurement of improvements were also made.Following the adoption of the modified Kanban System, the costs of consumable item supply decreased by 69% from 16,000 QAR to 5,000 QAR. The percentage of wastes has reduced significantly to 0% while limiting the percentage of out stocking to a median of 1%.Kanban as a lean method, reduces wastes by controlling the flow of consumables within a supply chain. Eliminating or reducing waste is a cornerstone of lean management. The project’s new evidence demonstrated significant and sustainable cost saving strategy by reducing waste and pre-quantifying items based on their usage and flow. The Kanban system ultimately improved nurses’ productivity, streamlined the unit’s stock supply, promoted value improvement, and helped increased end-user satisfaction.
Expression Pattern and Prognostic Value of p53-Pathway in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Wei , shi Changhong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancer across the world. Increasing evidence suggest that p53-pathway plays a critical role in the initiation, progress and therapy of gastric cancer. However, the prognostic value of p53-pathway in gastric cancer is not fully understood. Methods: A total of 67 p53-pathway-related genes and corresponding clinical information of 415 gastric cancer patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The consensus clustering algorithm were performed to analyze the expression level of all p53-pathway related genes. Based on the differentially expressed genes between different subgroups, Cox regression analysis were used to construct an independent prognostic signature, which was further validated in two external datasets. Results: 3 subgroups of patients with significant different survival outcome were identified according to the expression level of p53-pathway-related genes. Comparison of gene expression between those subgroups identified 12 differentially expressed genes, 3 (THBS1, SERPINE1 and GADD45B) of which were significantly associated with the overall survival outcome. We further constructed a 3-gene signature as independence prognosis signature with promising performance in survival prediction of gastric cancer. Conclusions: This study provides a potential prognostic signature for predicting prognosis of gastric cancer patients, which may benefit individual therapy of gastric cancer.
Optimization of Intraperitoneal Aerosolized Drug Delivery: A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Experimental Study
Authors: Rahimi-Gorji Mohammad , Debbaut Charlotte , Ghorbaniasl Ghader , Cosyns Sarah , Willaert Wouter , Ceelen Wim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intraperitoneal (IP) aerosolized anticancer drug delivery was recently introduced in the treatment of patients with peritoneal metastases. However, little is known on the effect of treatment parameters on the spatial distribution of the aerosol droplets in the peritoneal cavity. Here, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was used in conjunction with experimental validation in order to investigate the effect of droplet size, liquid flow rate and viscosity, and the addition of an electrostatic field on the homogeneity of IP aerosol. We found that spatial distribution is optimal with small droplet sizes (1-5 µm). Using the current clinically used technology (droplet size of 30 µm), the optimal spatial distribution of aerosol is obtained with a liquid flow rate of 0.6 mL s-1. Compared to saline, nebulization of higher viscosity liquids results in less homogeneous aerosol distribution. The addition of electrostatic precipitation significantly improves homogeneity of aerosol distribution, but no further improvement is obtained with voltages higher than 6.5 kV. The results of the current study will allow to choose treatment parameters and settings in order to optimize spatial distribution of IP aerosolized drug, with a potential to enhance its anticancer effect.