bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrategia competitiva en el marketing estratégico
Authors: Leigh James 
Published: February 2021

La estrategia competitiva es útil para entender a la competencia y a la industria. Si bien ella contempla la planificación financiera, la planificación de marketing, entre otras cosas, ¿en qué consiste el diseño de una estrategia competitiva? Consiste en entender cómo la organización va a alcanzar sus metas; qué políticas utilizará para ello; y, por supuesto, cómo es que esta empresa va a competir en un mercado que, hoy en día, es cada vez más cambiante y difícil de predecir.
Diseño y gestión de gobiernos corporativos
Authors: Llanos-Contreras Orlando , San Martín Mosqueira Pablo , Cuevas Lizama Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Siguiendo un enfoque teórico y conceptual, este trabajo de investigación deja de manifiesto una serie de estructuras de gobierno corporativo que logran llevar eficiencia a la empresa familiar. En términos concretos, este artículo avanza en la discusión sobre cómo los mecanismos y políticas de gobierno corporativo de una empresa familiar pueden adaptarse a las características y necesidades propias de estas empresas, equilibrando prioridades empresariales y familiares, a la vez que se logran estándares de competitividad que les permitan conseguir el éxito a través de generaciones. De manera adicional, este trabajo ahonda en las consideraciones que se deben tener en cuenta a la hora de construir una estructura de gobierno corporativo efectiva para una empresa familiar.
Nuevos tiempos, nuevos desafíos: gobierno corporativo, una nueva arista en la creación de valor
Authors: San Martín Mosqueira Pablo , Llanos Contreras Orlando 
Published: February 2021

La importancia del buen gobierno corporativo ha comenzado a replantear la forma de desarrollar el quehacer económico de la empresa. Hasta hace no muchos años atrás era un concepto desconocido, hoy cada empresa que piensa con seriedad en su futuro, se plantea la idea de avanzar en temas de gobierno corporativo. Por medio de este artículo se pretende reforzar la idea de que la empresa dispone de una serie de mecanismos de gobierno corporativo, tales como: a) la estructura de propiedad; b) los contratos de incentivos; c) el directorio; d) el endeudamiento; e) la transparencia en la contabilidad y f) el mercado de control corporativo, por medio de los cuales se puede, efectivamente, crear valor.
Reflexiones sobre la profesión, la deontología y la ética
Authors: Velarde Dávila Leonardo 
Published: February 2021

En ésta época de intensa tecnología, globalizada competencia y desarrollo de la información, las universidades mantienen la importante responsabilidad de la formación de los futuros profesionales. Por lo tanto, además de enseñarles teorías, técnicas y desarrollar competencias en los estudiantes, es fundamental formarlos y orientarlos en el tema de la Deontología y Ética Profesional, para que los mismos puedan comportarse adecuadamente en diversos escenarios, con evidentes valores éticos e incuestionable solvencia profesional; este tema es trascendental en éstos difíciles tiempos, para así consolidar la preparación integral de los futuros profesionales, los cuales asumirán la importante gestión de empresas o el país, inclusive.
History Matching of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using a Deep Sparse Autoencoder
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang Jinding , Ma Xiaopeng , Yao Chuanjin , Zhang Liming , Yang Yongfei , Wang Jian , Yao Jun , Zhao Hui 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAlthough researchers have applied many methods to history matching, such as Monte Carlo methods, ensemble-based methods, and optimization algorithms, history matching fractured reservoirs is still challenging. The key challenges are effectively representing the fracture network and coping with large amounts of reservoir-model parameters. With increasing numbers of fractures, the dimension becomes larger, resulting in heavy computational work in the inversion of fractures. This paper proposes a new characterization method for the multiscale fracture network, and a powerful dimensionality-reduction method by means of an autoencoder for model parameters. The characterization method of the fracture network is dependent on the length, orientation, and position of fractures, including large-scale and small-scale fractures. To significantly reduce the dimension of parameters, the deep sparse autoencoder (DSAE) transforms the input to the low-dimensional latent variables through encoding and decoding. Integrated with the greedy layer-wise algorithm, we set up a DSAE and then take the latent variables as optimization variables. The performance of the DSAE with fewer activating nodes is excellent because it reduces the redundant information of the input and avoids overfitting. Then, we adopt the ensemble smoother (ES) with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) to solve this minimization problem. We test our proposed method in three synthetic reservoir history-matching problems, compared with the no-dimensionality-reduction method and the principal-component analysis (PCA). The numerical results show that the characterization method integrated with the DSAE could simplify the fracture network, preserve the distribution of fractures during the update, and improve the quality of history matching naturally fractured reservoirs.
Dietary Natural Plant Extracts Modulate Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Senegalese Sole Postlarvae
Authors: Xavier Maria J. , Conceição Luís E.C. , Valente Luisa M.P. , Colen Rita , Rodrigues Andreia C.M. , Rocha Rui J.M. , Custódio Luísa , Carballo Carlos , Manchado Manuel , Engrola Sofia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Oxidative stress has a direct impact on fish production, affecting both growth and health status. Plant based extracts, such as those from green tea, curcumin and grape seeds, are known for their abundant content and diversity of polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have a high antioxidant capacity making such extracts good additives to include in fish diets potentially improving the oxidative status of fish, and therefore enhancing growth and stress resistance of farmed fish.A growth trial with Senegalese sole postlarvae (45 days after hatching) fed with four experimental diets, a control (CTRL) and three supplemented with natural antioxidants, namely curcumin (CC), green tea (GT) and grape seed (GS) extracts, was performed during 25 days to check if these supplements could improve growth performance and fish oxidative status. Moreover, a thermal stress was applied at the end of the growth trial, to assess the effect of these supplemented diets in stress resistance of sole postlarvae.ResultsSole growth was improved by the dietary inclusion of CC and GS compared to CTRL. Postlarvae from CC and CTRL present the lowest values of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation). Moreover, the fish fed CC showed a decrease in stress related biomarkers (heat shock protein 70 and glutathione-S-transferase) compare to CTRL, which might be due to direct antioxidant capacity. In contrast the supplementation of GT and GS increased the content of oxidative damage in sole reared in standard conditions. However, after a thermal stress exposure both GT and GS treatment seem to prevent the increase of protein carbonylation content and the decrease in the levels of antioxidant glutathione in sole, depending on the time of exposure. ConclusionsOverall, dietary supplementation with these natural extracts modulates oxidative status and stress response after a short/long term temperature increase. The incorporation of curcumin seems to be a safe additive to include in sole diets, enhancing growth and oxidative status. The supplementation of the studied doses of green tea and grape seed extracts in fish diets needs further research as they may act as pro-oxidant depending of the culture conditions.
Different Approaches to Selection of Surgical Trainees in the European Union&nbsp;
Authors: Hagelsteen Kristine , Pedersen Hanne , Bergenfelz Anders , Mathieu Chris 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: There is an increasing global interest in selection processes for candidates to surgical training. The aim of the present study is to compare selection processes to specialist surgeon training in the European Union (EU). A secondary goal is to provide guidance for evidence-based methods by a proposed minimum standard that would align countries within the EU.Methods: Publications and grey literature describing selection strategies were sought. Correspondence with Union Européenne des Médecins Specialists (UEMS) Section of Surgery delegates was undertaken to solicit current information on national selection processes. Content analysis of thirteen semi-structured interviews with experienced Swedish surgeons on the selection process. Two field trips to Ireland, a country with a centralized selection process were conducted. Based on collated information typical cases of selection in a centralized and decentralized setting, Ireland and Sweden, are described and compared.Results: A multitude of methods for selection to surgical training programs were documented in the 27 investigated countries, ranging from locally run processes with unstructured interviews to national systems for selection of trainees with elaborate structured interviews, and non-technical and technical skills assessments. Associated with the difference between centralized and decentralized selection systems is whether surgical training is primarily governed by an employment or educational logic. Ireland had the most centralized and elaborate system, conducting a double selection process using evidence-based methods along an educational logic. On the opposite end of the scale Sweden has a decentralized, local selection process with a paucity of evidence-based methods, no national guidelines and operates along an employment logic, and Spain that rely solely on examination tests to rank candidates.Conclusion: The studied European countries all have different processes for selection of surgical trainees and the use of evidence-based methods for selection is variable despite similar educational systems. Selection in decentralized systems is currently often conducted non-transparent and subjectively. A suggested improvement towards an evidence-based framework for selection applicable in centralized and decentralized systems as well as educational and employer logics is suggested.
Diagnosed Changes of Bone Mineral Density and Level of Calciotropic Hormones in Juvenile Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Muratova Shakhlo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In childhood and adolescence, a genetically determined bone mass accumulates, which ensures the strength of the skeleton throughout life. But with thyrotoxicosis, a separation of the processes of bone resorption and synthesis and the formation of sites of osteoporosis and osteosclerosis occur, leading to the loss of 10% of bone mass in 1 cycle of remodeling. Because of the lack of information about this phenomenon, our work aimed to study the state of bone mineral density and levels of calciotropic hormones in children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis. The study was conducted by 19 children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis. The control group consisted of 23 healthy children and adolescents. All studies were conducted in the RSSPMCE. Thyroid status, PTH and vitamin D were determined using a closed-type immunochemistry analyser Cobas e 411 Hitachi company HoffmanLeRoche (Switzerland) and its reagents. Bone mineral density was evaluated by dual-energy absorptiometry on a Stratos X-ray densitometer from DMS, France. The results of the study showed that the average value of the level of vitamin D in the group with thyrotoxicosis was 12.3 ± 1.1 ng/ml, against 20.4 ± 6.2 ng/ml of the control group, while its deficiency was diagnosed in 84.2%, and its insufficiency - in 15.8% of pediatric patients. In the group with thyrotoxicosis, the average level of PTH was lower and amounted to 45.1 ± 23.9 ng/ml (p < 0.05) compared with the control (49.2 ± 21.3 ng/ml); hypoparathyroidism was found in 4.9 times more often than among healthy children, and 21.1% showed an increase in the level of PTH. In children and adolescents with thyrotoxicosis Z- index of the femoral neck, lumbar vertebrae and the general body were significantly lower than in the control group. 36.8% of children with thyrotoxicosis have osteoporosis. Conclusion: Thyrotoxicosis in children and adolescents causes a decrease in BMD and majorly increases the development of osteoporosis.
In Silico and In Vitro Synergistic Anticancer Effects of The Metformin-Lapatinib Combination By The Regulation of Apoptotic Biomarkers Expression In SKBR3 Cells
Authors: Neamati Davood , Khedri Azam , Aberomand Mohammad , Hemmati Ali-Asghar , Mohammadzadeh Ghorban 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We examined the effect of Metformin (MET) on Lapatinib (LAP)-induced apoptosis in SK-BR3 cells. The cell viability and cell death were measured by MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PIstaining, respectively. The mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl2, and P21 was determined by real-time PCR. The activity of caspase 3 and 9 was measured using an ELISA kit. The MET-LAP combination index (CI) was calculated using CompuSyn software. The molecular docking studies of LAP with Akt, AMPK, and HER2 were performed using Auto Dock 4.2.5.1. The strongest synergistic apoptotic death [combination index (CI) = 0.51] was obvious in MET 100 mM plus LAP 100 nM. The MET-LAP combination causes a more powerful apoptotic death (46%) compared to LAP 100 nM individually. The combination could significantly increase the expression of Bax and P21, as well as the activity of caspase 3 and 9, but decreased the expression of Bcl2. Moreover, the combination could significantly increase the level of AMPK in LAP 100 nM plus MET 30 mM and decreased the level of Akt in LAP 100 nM plus MET 40 mM. Molecular docking studies showed that LAP interacts with the active site amino acids of Akt, AMPK, and HER2 by hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. MET-LAP combination induces more extensive apoptotic death than either drug alone in SKBR3 cells. MET-LAP combination may be considered as a valuable therapeutic intervention in breast cancer patients. However, further in-vivo studies are needed to assess the MET-LAP combination's practical value for induction of apoptosis and an anti-cancer drug.
Predictive Factors for Patients who Need Treatment for Chronic Post-Surgical Pain (CPSP) after Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Uemoto Yasuaki , Uchida Megumi , Kondo Naoto , Wanifuchi-Endo Yumi , Fujita Takashi , Asano Tomoko , Hisada Tomoka , Nishikawa Sayaka , Katagiri Yusuke , Terada Mitsuo , Kato Akiko , Okuda Katsuhiro , Sugiura Hiroshi , Osaga Satoshi , Akechi Tatsuo , Toyama Tatsuya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Although chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after breast cancer surgery is a common and prevalent postsurgical adverse event, the need for CPSP treatment has not been investigated. This study examined the proportion of patients who needed treatment for CPSP and associated predictors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with female patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at our institution. Participants were aged ≤65 years at the time of this study and were at least 1 year post surgery. The questionnaire examined the presence of and need for treatment for CPSP and included the Japanese version of the Concerns about Recurrence Scale (CARS-J). Multivariate analyses were used to identify independent predictors of needing treatment for CPSP.Results: In total, 305 patients completed the questionnaire. The mean time since surgery was 67.1 months; 151 (51%) patients developed CPSP after breast cancer surgery and 61 (39%) needed treatment for CPSP. Among patients that developed CPSP, the fear of breast cancer recurrence as assessed by the CARS-J (odds ratio [OR] 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–3.81, P=0.004) and >2 postsurgical pain regions (OR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.16–5.57, P=0.020) were independent predictors of needing treatment for CPSP.Conclusions: This study is the first to identify the proportion and predictors of patients who need treatment for CPSP. Fear of breast cancer recurrence and >2 postsurgical pain regions may predict the need for CPSP treatment among patients following breast cancer surgery.
Environmentally Benign Hybrid Nanocomposite Beads for Azo Dyes Remediation via Synchronized Dual Degradation Mechanisms
Authors: Elfadl Faten Abou , El-Sherif Hazem , Deghiedy Noha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Practically, 12% of used dyes are excluded as waste in the mobile aqueous environment. Methyl orange (MO), an industrial azo dye, is known to be carcinogenic. Accordingly, this work was engaged to fabrication of a high-efficiency visible light photocatalysts based on Ag-Alginate/Chitosan-coated MgO nanocomposite beads. MgO and Ag were prepared via precipitation and γ-radiation reduction technique as a green physical one, respectively. The degradation mechanisms depended on catalytic reduction by means of sodium borohydride/Ag and photo oxidative degradation. XRD proved the periclase crystalline form of MgO of size 20 nm and the formation of face centered cubic silver crystals of size 15 nm. The degradation yield varied directly with time, MgO and dye concentration until certain limit. Five and twenty minutes were enough to get clear solution of MO (30 and 15 ppm, respectively) while 60 min was required to achieve the same target for 60 ppm MO solution. The catalysts showed high efficiency for MO of high concentration. The incorporation of Ag into catalytic beads could support both mechanisms as it could elevate the degradation efficiency up to 50% and save the time to a great extent. Thus, this carrier fruitfully converted wastewater into an effluent that can be repaid to the water cycle with minimal strike on the ecosystem.
Effects of Two Isolated Compounds from Red Sorghum Bran on p53 and bcl 2 Gene Expression in Human Breast cancer Cell Line (MCF-7)
Authors: devi P.Suganya , kumar M.Saravana , das S.Mohan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims: The aim of our research was to isolate anthocyanin from red sorghum bran and to study its effects on p53 and bcl 2 gene expressions in Human Breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Main methods: Two compounds were isolated from red sorghum bran by using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The antiproliferative activity of isolated compounds were analysed by MTT assay and the expression studies were performed by RT-PCR analysis.Key findings: Our research focusing on apigenin-5-β-D-glucopyranoside and luteolin-5-β-D-glucopyranoside another compound as a potention anticancer agent have demonstrated that the compounds isolated from red sorghum bran inhibited breast cancer cell lines by up regulation of P53 gene expression and down regulation of Bcl 2 gene expression. Significance: In conclusion, the two compounds isolated from red sorghum bran, were effective in up regulation of P53 and down regulation of Bcl 2 gene expression.
Improvement of photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange by modified MWCNTs, prediction of degradation rate using statistical models
Authors: Abbasi Sedigheh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been successfully modified with TiO2 nanoparticles via a two-step hydrolysis technique. Firstly, the pristine MWCNTs are functionalized in nitric acid (HNO3) to creation of oxygen containing groups. Secondly, TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized on the surface of functionalized MWCNTs through hydrolysis method. The synthesized samples have been used as photocatalyst for decomposition of methyl orange (MO) as dye organic pollutant. The characterization of samples using x-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) confirm the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles with mixture of anatase and rutile phases. Regarding the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanoparticles and modified MWCNTs with TiO2 nanoparticles, it observed that the degradation rate of MO increases by increasing the irradiation time from 5 min to 35 min. The variation of degradation rate upon pH of suspension reveals that the maximum and minimum degradation rate are in acidic (pH=3) and neutral condition (pH=7). Meanwhile, the results show that the presence of MWCNTs leads to the enhancement of degradation rate. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results confirm that both of main factors (irradiation time and pH) and their interaction have a significant influence on the degradation rate of MO. However, the effect of irradiation time is more than that of pH and their interaction. The graphical methods verify the quality and adequacy of the statistical models for prediction of the degradation rate.
Patterned PCF Containing Disordered Suspended Particles in Hollow Core–An Innovative Platform for Optofluidic Sensing
Authors: Dixit Yogesh , Dixit Achyutesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The unique and striking characteristics of the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with patterned dielectric rods have been reported for last decades, providing applications in the field of prototype sensors and more recently in optofluidic sensing. The proposed PCF sensor contains an empty core injected with disordered suspended particles (such as Cs2, CCl4, C6H6) surrounded by n-type solid semiconductor material (P2O5-doped silicate) and suspended plasma dielectric rods. The effect of intensity of field and concentration of doped semiconductor material on band structure has been analyzed, respectively, by using the plane wave expansion method. The sensitivity of PCF towards various analytes has been measured by the change in the band structure. The results reported in this work are very useful for constructing an optoelectronic device, useful in medical science and ultrahigh-band width signal processing.
Clinical, Molecular and Histopathological Evaluation of the Effect Autologus PRP &amp; PRF on the Second Intension Wound Healing in Dogs
Authors: Khalifa Olla , Elkasapy Abdelhaleem , Sallam Eman , Alakraa Adel , Marie Yasmin , mohammed liza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new trend of regenerative medicine was introduced recently in the field of second intension wound healing. The PRP and PRF represented a corner stone in this clinical practice, were it admit many factors for acceleration of wound healing, enhancement of wound epithelization and neovascularization. PRP and PRF are considered as a great concentrated source of growth factors (PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, bFGF) and cytokines which are fundamental fro wound healing. Nine adult dogs were used in this study; we induced a 3cm diameter full thickness cutaneous injury at the right chest region. The animals were divided into three groups equally and the wounds were treated twice weekly for three successive weeks. Group A received only normal saline (control group). The members of second group treated by PRP (group B) while, the group C treated by PRF. Clinical evaluation, Molecular studies of IL10 & TGF-β and histopathological examination were used to demonstrate the difference between the three treatment regimes. Results showed non-significant negative low correlation between loss of weight and WHR%, and showed significant high positive correlation between treatment cost either by PRP or PRF with IL10 (0.79*) and WHR%(0.996**). We concluded that the PRP and PRF exhibited higher regeneration capacity and accelerate the quality of wound healing. The PRP was more superior to PRF, but not significantly different. The IL10 was significant increase in expression in PRP, while TGF-b was non-significant increased in PRF group