bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rheumatologic approach to granulomatous mastitis: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Ringsted Sarah , Friedman Marcia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an enigmatic inflammatory breast disorder. IGM responds to immunomodulatory treatment and may be associated with systemic manifestations such as arthritis and erythema nodosum. These patients are increasingly referred to rheumatologists for management, but IGM is rarely discussed in the rheumatology literature. The objective of this report is to familiarize rheumatologists with the treatment and systemic manifestations of IGM. We report here a case series of IGM at our institution, and a literature review of IGM treated with methotrexate (MTX).MethodPatients with IGM at our institution were identified and described using a retrospective chart review. A literature review of PubMed and Google Scholar identified studies of IGM patients treated with MTX.ResultsWe identified 28 IGM patients at our institution. Inflammatory arthritis/arthralgia were present in four patients (14%), and five patients (18%) had erythema nodosum. Patients treated with MTX had the highest rates of relapse‐free remission; relapse‐free remission occurred in four of the five (80%) MTX‐treated patients, compared with 5 of 12 (42%) patients treated with steroids alone, and two or three (66%) patients treated with steroids and surgery. In the literature review, 116 patients treated with MTX were identified, and the rate of relapse‐free remission ranged from 58% to 100%. Arthritis/arthralgia and erythema nodosum were more common at our institution than reported in the literature.ConclusionMethotrexate is a promising treatment for IGM. Arthritis/arthralgias and erythema nodosum may be under‐recognized when IGM patients are managed outside rheumatology. Prospective studies are needed to characterize clinical features and optimum treatment of IGM.
Projected climate change threatens Himalayan brown bear habitat more than human land use
Authors: Dar S. A. , Singh S. K. , Wan H. Y. , Kumar V. , Cushman S. A. , Sathyakumar S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClimate change and land use change jointly are the largest drivers of population declines, range contraction and extinction for many species across the globe. Wide‐ranging and large‐bodied species are especially vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation due to their typically low population densities, reflecting their need for extensive and connected habitats. We used the multi‐scale Random Forests machine learning algorithm to identify factors driving the habitat selection and future changes in habitat of Himalayan brown bear, an iconic wide‐ranging and large‐bodied species of high conservation interest, across a range of spatial scales. Habitat selection of brown bears was scale‐dependent, with most variables selected at broad scales. Climatic variables such as maximum temperature of coldest month, minimum temperature of warmest month and the potential evapotranspiration of wettest quarter strongly influenced habitat selection of brown bears. Future projections indicate a strong difference between the high and low emission scenarios. Alarmingly, our model suggests that high emission scenarios, with or without land use change, may result in a decline of brown bear habitat of >90% by the end of the century. In contrast, low emission scenarios are projected to reduce brown bear habitat by <23%, with much of the species range shifting to higher elevations. This study provides an integrative understanding of scale‐dependent variables in brown bear habitat selection, providing critical information for prioritizing areas for habitat management and conservation. Most importantly, our future projections imply that traditional conservation efforts, such as in situ conservation, will not be sufficient to protect the species without climate change mitigation. The incorporation of climate change mitigation and adaptation in conservation strategies will be one of the most pressing priorities in biodiversity conservation in this region.
Deepening or Diminishing Ethnic Divides? The Impact of Urban Migration in Kenya
Authors: Kramon Eric , Hamory Joan , Baird Sarah , Miguel Edward 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe impact of urban migration on ethnic politics is the subject of long‐standing debate. “First‐generation” modernization theories predict that urban migration should reduce ethnic identification and increase trust between groups. “Second‐generation” modernization perspectives argue the opposite: Urban migration may amplify ethnic identification and reduce trust. We test these competing expectations with a three‐wave panel survey following more than 8,000 Kenyans over a 15‐year period, providing novel evidence on the impact of urban migration. Using individual fixed effects regressions, we show that urban migration leads to reductions in ethnic identification; ethnicity's importance to the individual diminishes after migrating. Yet urban migration also reduces trust between ethnic groups, and trust in people generally. Urban migrants become less attached to their ethnicity but more suspicious. The results advance the literature on urbanization and politics and have implications for the potential consequences of ongoing urbanization processes around the world.
Mortality in patients admitted to intensive care with COVID‐19: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Armstrong R. A. , Kane A. D. , Kursumovic E. , Oglesby F. C. , Cook T. M. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic continues to cause critical illness and deaths internationally. Up to 31 May 2020, mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) with COVID‐19 was 41.6%. Since then, changes in therapeutics and management may have improved outcomes. Also, data from countries affected later in the pandemic are now available. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane databases up to 30 September 2020 for studies reporting ICU mortality among adult patients with COVID‐19 and present an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis. The primary outcome measure was death in intensive care as a proportion of completed ICU admissions, either through discharge from intensive care or death. We identified 52 observational studies including 43,128 patients, and first reports from the Middle East, South Asia and Australasia, as well as four national or regional registries. Reported mortality was lower in registries compared with other reports. In two regions, mortality differed significantly from all others, being higher in the Middle East and lower in a single registry study from Australasia. Although ICU mortality (95%CI) was lower than reported in June (35.5% (31.3–39.9%) vs. 41.6% (34.0–49.7%)), the absence of patient‐level data prevents a definitive evaluation. A lack of standardisation of reporting prevents comparison of cohorts in terms of underlying risk, severity of illness or outcomes. We found that the decrease in ICU mortality from COVID‐19 has reduced or plateaued since May 2020 and note the possibility of some geographical variation. More standardisation in reporting would improve the ability to compare outcomes from different reports.
The association of childhood polyvictimization with physical and mental health status in early adulthood
Authors: Song Ahyoung , Cho Yusun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the association between the experience of polyvictimization in childhood and physical/mental health during early adulthood (between the ages of 18–39). Retrospective cross‐sectional data from 406 respondents aged 18–39 were selected from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey. Following standards set in previous studies, polyvictimization is defined in this study as experiencing five or more types of violence. The outcomes of this study included self‐rated health, depression, and suicidal ideation. The results indicated that 8.37% (n = 34) of the total respondents were polyvictimized. This study found that all health‐related outcomes in adulthood were significantly associated with polyvictimization in childhood, and women who experienced polyvictimization in childhood faced greater the risk of suicidal ideation and depression than men. In conclusion, this study suggests the importance of taking into account the lasting association of childhood polyvictimization with health into adulthood. Practical implications for social work and suggestions for future studies are described.
Endothelial cells response to neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles miRNAs in anti-PR3 positive vasculitis
Authors: Surmiak M , Kosałka-Węgiel J , Polański S , Sanak M 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIn vasculitis disorders, inflammation affects blood vessels. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a chronic systemic vasculitis distinguished by the presence of anti-proteinase-3 autoantibodies (anti-PR3). In this study we analyzed the molecular signature of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) in response to neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs were obtained from anti-PR3-activated neutrophils, purified and characterized by flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking and miRNA screening. HUVECs were stimulated with EVs and miRNA/mRNA expression was measured. Cell culture media proteins were identified by antibody microarrays and selected cytokines were measured. Comparison of differentially expressed miRNAs/mRNAs between non-stimulated and EV-stimulated HUVECs revealed two regulatory patterns. Significant up-regulation of 14 mRNA transcripts (including CXCL8, DKK1, IL1RL1, ANGPT-2, THBS1 and VCAM-1) was accompanied by 11 miRNAs silencing (including miR-661, miR-664a-3p, miR-377-3p, miR-30d-5p). Significant down-regulation was observed for nine mRNA transcripts (including FASLG, CASP8, STAT3, GATA3, IRAK1 and IL6) and accompanied by up-regulation of 10 miRNAs (including miR-223-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-211-5p). Stimulated HUVECs released IL-8, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), soluble interleukin (IL)-1 like receptor-1 (ST2), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), angiopoietin-2, endoglin, thrombospondin-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Moreover, transfection of HUVECs with mimics of highly expressed in EVs miR-223-3p or miR-142-3p, stimulated production of IL-8, ST2 and endoglin. Cytokines released by HUVECs were also elevated in blood of patients with GPA. The most increased were IL-8, DKK-1, ST2, angiopoietin-2 and IL-33. In-vitro stimulation of HUVECs by neutrophil-derived EVs recapitulates contribution of endothelium in autoimmune vasculitis. Proinflammatory phenotype of released cytokines corresponds with the regulatory network of miRNAs/mRNAs comprising both EVs miRNA and endothelial cell transcripts.
Urinary dysfunction after colorectal cancer treatment and impact on quality of life—a national cross‐sectional study in males
Authors: Kristensen Marianne Højsgaard , Elfeki Hossam , Sinimäki Saija , Laurberg Søren , Emmertsen Katrine J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimDespite advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer, postoperative urogenital dysfunction is still a problem although its exact extent remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and patterns of urinary dysfunction in men following treatment for colorectal cancer and the impact of urinary dysfunction on quality of life.MethodA retrospective national Danish cross‐sectional study was performed in patients treated for colorectal cancer between 2001 and 2014. Patients answered questionnaires on urinary function and quality of life including the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire—Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms measuring voiding and incontinence. Results were analysed based on data on demographics and treatment‐related factors obtained from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group database.ResultsA total of 5710 patients responded to the questionnaire (response rate 52.8%). In both crude analysis and after adjusting for patient‐related factors (age, time since surgery and American Society of Anesthesiologists score), both voiding (P < 0.0001) and incontinence scores (P < 0.0001) were significantly higher after rectal cancer than after colon cancer. In the rectal cancer group, abdominoperineal excision was found to be a significant risk factor for both voiding (P < 0.0001) and incontinence (P = 0.011), while radiotherapy only impaired continence (P = 0.014). Significant correlations between high voiding and incontinence scores and impaired quality of life were found in both groups.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of urinary dysfunction following treatment for colorectal cancer, especially in the rectal cancer group. Abdominoperineal excision was the most significant risk factor for both voiding and incontinence. Urinary dysfunction significantly impairs patients' quality of life.
Histopathological evaluation of cutaneous reactions to tattoos: Study at a tertiary care center
Authors: Agarwal Pooja , Jagati Ashish , Mehta Rupal , Vadher Priyanka , Rathod Santosh , Bodar Priyanka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTattooing has been around for many years and is becoming an increasingly common fashion trend. As there are often few regulatory laws regarding the practice, an increase in the incidence of cutaneous reactions to tattoo inks is noted. These include allergic reactions, granulomatous dermatitis, infections, lichenoid dermatoses, and sometimes malignancy. The present study examines the histopathological changes seen in patients with cutaneous reactions to tattoo ink.MethodA prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months in the dermatology clinic of a tertiary care center in western India. The study population included 22 patients with cutaneous reactions over the tattoos. Punch biopsy specimens were sent to study the pattern of histopathological response.ResultsAll 22 patients studied were between the ages of 17 and 35 years. The mean duration of development of reaction was 8.1 months. Most of the reactions were seen in black ink tattoos performed by amateurs. Perivascular and spongiotic dermatitis suggestive of allergic response was the most common feature on histopathology. Granulomatous response and lichenoid response were seen in five and three biopsies, respectively.ConclusionLegalization is needed for this practice to prevent tattoo reactions. Histopathological evaluation is important as tattoo reactions may be associated with skin infections and malignancies.
Antiperistaltic effect and safety of l‐menthol oral solution on gastric mucosa for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Chinese patients: Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Meng Fandong , Li Wenyan , Zhi Fachao , Li Zhaoshen , Xue Zhanxiong , He Shuixiang , Chen Weifeng , Chen Yingxuan , Xing Xiangbin , Yao Chen , Wu Yongdong , Zhang Shutian 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe topical antispasmodic agent l‐menthol is commonly used for gastric peristalsis suppression during diagnostic upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a single dose l‐menthol solution in suppressing gastric peristalsis during upper GI endoscopy in Chinese patients.MethodsIn this phase III, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03263910), 220 patients scheduled to undergo upper GI endoscopy at five Chinese referral centers received a single dose of either 160 mg of l‐menthol (n = 109) or placebo (n = 111). Both treatments were sprayed endoscopically on the gastric mucosa. An independent committee evaluated the degree of gastric peristalsis (peristaltic score: grade 1–5).ResultsAt baseline, the proportion of patients with grade 1 peristalsis (no peristalsis) did not differ between the groups. The proportion of patients with grade 1 peristalsis post‐treatment was significantly higher in the l‐menthol group (40.37%, 44/109) versus the placebo group (16.22%, 18/111; P < 0.001); the difference between the groups was 24.15% (95% confidence interval: 12.67%–35.63%; P < 0.001). In the l‐menthol group, 61.47% of patients had grade 1 peristalsis after endoscopy versus 24.55% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The ease of intragastric examination correlated significantly with the grade of peristalsis. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the groups (P = 0.340).ConclusionsDuring upper GI endoscopy, a single dose of l‐menthol solution (160 mg) sprayed on the gastric mucosa significantly attenuated gastric peristalsis versus placebo, thereby improving the visual stability without any safety concerns.
The risks of ankylosis of 89 avulsed human teeth stored in saliva prior to replantation—A re‐evaluation of a long‐term clinical study
Authors: Albertsson Josefin , Lauridsen Eva , Andreasen Jens O. , Gerds Thomas A. , Andersson Lars 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/AimThe survival of an avulsed tooth highly depends on the emergency management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of ankylosis for avulsed human teeth stored in saliva preceded by various dry storage conditions prior to replantation.Material and methodsData include 74 patients (54 male and 20 female) with 89 avulsed and replanted teeth (16 immature teeth, 73 mature teeth). Patient ages ranged from 6 to 36 years (median: 13.0 years). All teeth were stored in saliva before replantation. Treatment and follow‐up were performed according to a standardized procedure. Follow‐up periods ranged from 7 months to 20 years (mean 5.3 years). The risk of ankylosis over time was estimated by the Aalen–Johansen method in relation to the length of dry storage and the stage of root development. The effect of risk factors (root development and length of dry time) on the risk of ankylosis was analysed by Cox regression analysis.ResultsFor mature teeth, dry storage for 5 min or less before saliva storage resulted in a 47.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 32.8–60.7) ankylosis rate. When dry storage was >5 min and <20 min, the risk of ankylosis was 76.8% (95% CI: 45.7–91.5). When dry storage exceeded 20 min prior to saliva storage, ankylosis increased to 89.3% (95% CI: 68.0−96.7). Ankylosis also increased with increasing saliva storage time. Specifically, one additional minute of wet time increased the ankylosis hazard rate (HR) by approximately 1% (CI = [0%, 2%], p = .052). Teeth with mature root development were significantly more frequently affected by ankylosis than teeth with immature root development (HR: 2.4 (95% CI: 1.0–5.5), p = .04).ConclusionTemporary storage in saliva should be encouraged if an avulsed permanent tooth cannot be immediately replanted or a suitable storage medium such as milk or saline is not immediately available at the place of the accident.
Sexually selected traits and life history traits of larger and smaller males of the horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus
Authors: Kiyose Katsuya , Okada Yasukazu , Katsuki Masako , Suzaki Yû , Okada Kensuke 
Published: February 2021

1. Expression of sexual weapons is strongly affected by environmental factors in armed insects, resulting in a remarkable morphological difference between larger and smaller males.2. Morphological differences in weapon between larger and smaller males can promote differences in non‐sexual traits. This is because weapon sizes are often associated with developments of non‐sexual traits such as somatic traits and life history traits. The resulting different subsets of multiple traits may contribute to the reproductive success of larger and smaller males, respectively.3. There were relatively few studies that couple differences in life history and reproductive traits between larger and smaller males. Here we investigated differences in morphology, behaviours, and life history in Gnatocerus cornutus.4. Larger males have relatively larger mandibles and the advantage in male fighting to access females. Also, the developmental period was significantly shorter in the larger males than in the smaller males.5. Smaller males with rudimentary weapons have higher locomotion. This suggests higher performance in the dispersal to new territories. Larger and smaller males showed different suites of multiple traits, and the combinations of multiple traits are probably related to expression of weapons.
The association of smartphone addiction, sleep quality and perceived stress amongst Jordanian dental students
Authors: Sanusi Sarliza Yasmin , Al‐Batayneh Ola Barakat , Khader Yousef Saleh , Saddki Norkhafizah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionSmartphone addiction has been associated with sleeping problems and psychological anxiety. However, little is known about the association of smartphone addiction, sleep quality and perceived stress amongst university students particularly in dentistry. This study investigated the association of these variables amongst dental students in a Jordanian dental faculty.Materials and methodsA sample of 420 undergraduate dental students enrolled for academic year 2017/2018 at the Jordan University of Science and Technology participated in this study. They were given a set of self‐administered questionnaires which consisted of questions regarding demographic information, characteristics of smartphone use, assessment of smartphone addiction, sleep quality as well as perceived stress.ResultsThe mean Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) score amongst Jordanian dental students was high (109.9 ± 23.8). The correlation between SAS and Global Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was significant (r = 0.137, P =0.005) indicating that the higher the smartphone addiction level, the poorer the quality of sleep. Similarly, a significant correlation was found between Perceived Stress Scale‐10 (PSS‐10) score and Global PSQI score (r = 0.348, P < 0.001) which implied that students who have higher perceived stress experienced poorer sleep quality. Year 3 students (clinical year), smartphone addiction and perceived stress were determinants of sleep quality.ConclusionsDental students who have high levels of smartphone addiction or high perceived stress levels experienced poor sleep quality. Identifying smartphone addicts amongst students as well as stressors are imperative measures to allow timely assistance and support in the form of educational campaigns, counselling, psychotherapy and stress management.
Principles of care for acquired hemophilia
Authors: Dolan Gerry , Benson Gary , Bowyer Annette , Eichler Hermann , Hermans Cedric , Jiménez‐Yuste Victor , Ljung Rolf , Pollard Debra , Santagostino Elena , Šalek Silva Zupančić 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish clear priorities for the care of patients with acquired hemophilia A (AHA) by proposing 10 key principles of practical, holistic AHA management.MethodThese principles were developed by the Zürich Haemophilia Forum, an expert panel of European hemophilia specialists comprising physicians and nursing and laboratory specialists.ResultsThe 10 proposed principles for AHA care are as follows: (a) Improving initial diagnosis of AHA; (b) Differential diagnosis of AHA: laboratory assessment of patients with unusual bleeding; (c) Effective communication between laboratories, physicians, and specialists; (d) Improving clinical care: networking between healthcare professionals in the treating hospital and specialist hemophilia centers; (e) Comprehensive assessment of bleeding; (f) Appropriate use of bypassing agents; (g) Long‐term follow‐up and monitoring for efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive treatment; (h) Inpatient/outpatient settings; (i) Access to innovative and disruptive treatments; (j) Promotion of international collaborative research.ConclusionThe proposed principles for holistic AHA care aim to ensure swift diagnosis and optimal patient management. Key to achieving this goal is training for healthcare personnel in non‐specialist hospitals and collaboration between different specialists. We hope these principles will increase awareness of AHA in the wider medical community and catalyze efforts toward improving its practical, multidisciplinary management.