bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insight into the structural, mechanical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of the monoclinicTMAl3‐type aluminides
Authors: Pan Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite of the potential high‐temperature technological applications of MoAl3alloy because of high‐temperature strength and good oxidation resistance, the structure and related properties of the monoclinic TMAl3aluminides are entirely unclear. Here, we apply the first‐principles calculation to study the structure, elastic, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of the monoclinic TMAl3. Five novel monoclinic TMAl3aluminides: ScAl3, TiAl3, VAl3, CrAl3, and WAl3are first predicted. The result shows that the hardness of the monoclinic TiAl3is 13.0 GPa, which is larger than the tetragonal TiAl3. In particular, the calculated elastic modulus and hardness of WAl3are larger than the other TMAl3because of the heavy valence electronic density of metal W. Importantly, it is first found that the monoclinic MoAl3shows the semiconductor properties with the band gap of 0.047 eV. In addition, the calculated Debye temperature of the monoclinic CrAl3is 537.6 K, which is larger than the other monoclinic TMAl3. Essentially, the thermal stability of the monoclinic TMAl3relies on the vibration of Al and AlAl bond.
A novel PCOS rat model and an evaluation of its reproductive, metabolic, and behavioral phenotypes
Authors: Kamada Shuhei , Yamamoto Yuri , Aoki Hidenori , Tamura Kou , Takeda Asuka , Minato Saki , Masaki Rie , Yanagihara Rie , Hayashi Noriko , Yano Yuya , Imaizumi Junki , Kagawa Tomohiro , Yoshida Atsuko , Kawakita Takako , Irahara Minoru , Iwasa Takeshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough animal models of PCOS have been used in many studies, none of them can reproduce both the reproductive and metabolic phenotypes of PCOS. In addition, behavioral parameters have not been evaluated in PCOS animal models.PurposeWe tried to produce an improved rat model of PCOS, and the reproductive, metabolic, and behavioral phenotypes of the model rats were evaluated.MethodsFemale rats were implanted with silicon tubes containing oil‐dissolved dihydrotestosterone (Oil‐DHT) as a new PCOS model. Their phenotypes were compared with those of conventional PCOS model rats (DHT), into which tubes containing crystalline DHT were implanted, and non‐DHT‐treated rats (control).ResultsBoth the Oil‐DHT and DHT rats showed greater body weight gain, food intake, and fat depot weight than the control rats. Furthermore, these groups showed fewer estrous stages and increased numbers of cystic follicles. The DHT rats exhibited lower ovarian and uterine weights than the control rats, whereas no such changes were observed in the Oil‐DHT rats. The Oil‐DHT and DHT rats showed less locomotor activity in the light phase than the control rats.ConclusionsOur proposed PCOS model reproduced both the reproductive and metabolic phenotypes of PCOS and may have potential for PCOS research.
Postrelease Survival and Migration Behavior of Adult Walleye Following Intracoelomic Transmitter Implantation Using Two Methods of Electro‐Immobilization
Authors: Reid Connor H. , Faust Matthew D. , Raby Graham D. , Brenden Travis O. , Cooke Steven J. , Vandergoot Christopher S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of electricity as a method of fish restraint (i.e., electro‐immobilization) during field and hatchery operations has increased recently, and a need exists for field‐based assessments of the effects of these techniques on the postrelease physiology, behavior, and survival of wild fish to develop best handling practices. Two common waveforms used in electro‐immobilization are continuous and pulsed DC (cDC and pDC, respectively). With cDC, fish are immobilized through exposure to a continuous weak current and recover almost immediately once the current ceases. With pDC, fish are incapacitated via brief exposure to a strong current and often require several minutes to recover (i.e., regain equilibrium). Here, we present a comparison of cDC and pDC electro‐immobilization techniques and their effects on the postrelease survival and spawning migration behavior of adult Walleye Sander vitreus in a Lake Erie tributary. Fish were intracoelomically implanted with acoustic transmitters and then tracked by a network of acoustic receivers throughout Lake Erie that provided extensive spatiotemporal coverage of posttagging movements. Survival did not differ between the two electro‐immobilization treatments but was somewhat lower than in a control group consisting of fish tagged several years earlier (e.g., 50‐d survival = 69% for the pDC group, 61% for the cDC group, and 90% for control fish). We did not find any plausible or biologically meaningful effects of treatment on downstream movement or migratory behavior over subsequent months postrelease. Our results suggest that the two electro‐immobilization techniques did not differ in their effects on adult Walleye behavior, but more work is needed to elucidate the extent to which electro‐immobilization in general contributes to potential decreases in survival versus other aspects of capture and handling associated with performing surgical procedures.
Population Genetics of Brook Trout in the Southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Kazyak David C. , Lubinski Barbara A. , Kulp Matt A. , Pregler Kasey C. , Whiteley Andrew R. , Hallerman Eric , Coombs Jason A. , Kanno Yoichiro , Rash Jacob M. , Morgan Raymond P. , Habera Jim , Henegar Jason , Weathers T. Casey , Sell Matthew T. , Rabern Anthony , Rankin Dan , King Tim L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBroad‐scale patterns of genetic diversity for Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis remain poorly understood across their endemic range in the eastern United States. We characterized variation at 12 microsatellite loci in 22,020 Brook Trout among 836 populations from Georgia, USA, to Quebec, Canada, to the western Great Lakes region. Within‐population diversity was typically lower in the southern Appalachian Mountains relative to the mid‐Atlantic and northeastern regions. Effective population sizes in the southern Appalachians were often very small, with many estimates less than 30 individuals. The population genetics of Brook Trout in the southern Appalachians are far more complex than a conventionally held simple “northern” versus “southern” dichotomy would suggest. Contemporary population genetic variation was consistent with geographic expansion of Brook Trout from Mississippian, mid‐Atlantic, and Acadian glacial refugia as well as differentiation among drainages within these broader clades. Genetic variation was pronounced among drainages (57.4% of overall variation occurred among 10‐digit hydrologic unit code [HUC10] units or larger units) but was considerable even at fine spatial scales (13% of variation occurred among collections within HUC12 drainage units). Remarkably, 87.2% of individuals were correctly assigned to their collection of origin. While comparisons with fish from existing major hatcheries showed impacts of stocking in some populations, genetic introgression did not overwhelm the signal of broad‐scale patterns of population genetic structure. Although our results reveal deep genetic structure in Brook Trout over broad spatial extents, fine‐scale population structuring is prevalent across the southern Appalachians. Our findings highlight the distinctiveness and vulnerability of many Brook Trout populations in the southern Appalachians and have important implications for wild Brook Trout management. To facilitate application of our findings by conservation practitioners, we provide an interactive online visualization tool to allow our results to be explored at management‐relevant scales.
A review on the mechanisms of the effect of silymarin in milk thistle (Silybum marianum) on some laboratory animals
Authors: Khazaei Roshanak , Seidavi Alireza , Bouyeh Mehrdad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the most valuable medicinal plants is milk thistle (Silybum marianum) or martighal. An annual or biennial plant of the Asteraceae family and English name Milk thistle, a Matte green colour and prickly plant with a standing stem that can be thick, simple, or slightly branched (ramified). Its seeds contain about 70%–80% of the flavonolignans of silymarin and about 20%–30% of polymeric and oxidized polyphenolic compounds (such as tannins). Traditionally, the plant has been used to increase milk secretion, relieve menstrual cramps, lessen depression, decrease gallstones, and jaundice as well as improve functions of the liver, spleen, and kidney. This review reviews studies on the effects of adding milk thistle to quail diet. Consumption (0.5% and 1%) of milk thistle powder in the diet of Japanese quail significantly increased feed intake, body weight, and improved carcass components. Blood constituents including total protein and albumin were improved along with decreased HDL, ALT, and AST. The use of milk thistle levels (0.5% and 1.5%) significantly improved the antioxidant total of plasma. Consumption of silymarin in quail diet increased the number of white blood cells, calcium, vitamin D3, and albumin. Silymarin also decreased the relative weights of bursa of Fabricius and spleen. This review indicates that milk thistle can improve growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and immune system in quail.
Cluster‐scaled principal component analysis
Authors: Sato‐Ilic Mika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCluster‐scaled analysis means exploiting the cluster‐based scaling to conventional data analysis to obtain more accurate results or results that we cannot obtain by using ordinary analysis. Our target data is complex and large amounts of data. For this type of data, it is well known that ordinary statistical methods do not always work well, or theoretically, we know that we cannot obtain a correct result. As a tool of this implementation, we utilize fuzzy clustering, which is well known as a robust clustering to a complex and large amount of data. That is, we use the fuzzy clustering result as a scale of data and apply the rescaled data by the cluster‐scale to another target analysis. Our target analysis in this article is principal component analysis, which is a well‐known dimensional reduction method. A numerical example shows a better performance of the cluster‐scaled principal component analysis.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Knowledge Discovery
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Multi-trace correlators in the SYK model and non-geometric wormholes
Authors: Berkooz Micha , Brukner Nadav , Narovlansky Vladimir , Raz Amir 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We consider multi-energy level distributions in the SYK model, and in particular, the role of global fluctuations in the density of states of the SYK model. The connected contributions to the moments of the density of states go to zero as N → ∞, however, they are much larger than the standard RMT correlations. We provide a diagrammatic description of the leading behavior of these connected moments, showing that the dominant diagrams are given by 1PI cactus graphs, and derive a vector model of the couplings which reproduces these results. We generalize these results to the first subleading corrections, and to fluctuations of correlation functions. In either case, the new set of correlations between traces (i.e. between boundaries) are not associated with, and are much larger than, the ones given by topological wormholes. The connected contributions that we discuss are the beginning of an infinite series of terms, associated with more and more information about the ensemble of couplings, which hints towards the dual of a single realization. In particular, we suggest that incorporating them in the gravity description requires the introduction of new, lighter and lighter, fields in the bulk with fluctuating boundary couplings.
From amplitudes to contact cosmological correlators
Authors: Bonifacio James , Pajer Enrico , Wang Dong-Gang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Our understanding of quantum correlators in cosmological spacetimes, including those that we can observe in cosmological surveys, has improved qualitatively in the past few years. Now we know many constraints that these objects must satisfy as consequences of general physical principles, such as symmetries, unitarity and locality. Using this new understanding, we derive the most general scalar four-point correlator, i.e., the trispectrum, to all orders in derivatives for manifestly local contact interactions. To obtain this result we use techniques from commutative algebra to write down all possible scalar four-particle amplitudes without assuming invariance under Lorentz boosts. We then input these amplitudes into a contact reconstruction formula that generates a contact cosmological correlator in de Sitter spacetime from a contact scalar or graviton amplitude. We also show how the same procedure can be used to derive higher-point contact cosmological correlators. Our results further extend the reach of the boostless cosmological bootstrap and build a new connection between flat and curved spacetime physics.
Wilson loops in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SO(N) SYM and D-branes in AdS5 × ℝℙ5
Authors: Giombi Simone , Offertaler Bendeguz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the half-BPS circular Wilson loop in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills with orthogonal gauge group. By supersymmetric localization, its expectation value can be computed exactly from a matrix integral over the Lie algebra of SO(N). We focus on the large N limit and present some simple quantitative tests of the duality with type IIB string theory in AdS5× ℝℙ5. In particular, we show that the strong coupling limit of the expectation value of the Wilson loop in the spinor representation of the gauge group precisely matches the classical action of the dual string theory object, which is expected to be a D5-brane wrapping a ℝℙ4 subspace of ℝℙ5. We also briefly discuss the large N, large λ limits of the SO(N) Wilson loop in the symmetric/antisymmetric representations and their D3/D5-brane duals. Finally, we use the D5-brane description to extract the leading strong coupling behavior of the “bremsstrahlung function” associated to a spinor probe charge, or equivalently the normalization of the two-point function of the displacement operator on the spinor Wilson loop, and obtain agreement with the localization prediction.
Waves in Flexural Beams with Nonlinear Adhesive Interaction
Authors: Coclite G. M. , Devillanova G. , Maddalena F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paper studies the initial boundary value problem related to the dynamic evolution of an elastic beam interacting with a substrate through an elastic-breakable forcing term. This discontinuous interaction is aimed to model the phenomenon of attachment-detachment of the beam occurring in adhesion phenomena. We prove existence of solutions in energy space and exhibit various counterexamples to uniqueness. Furthermore we characterize some relevant features of the solutions, ruling the main effects of the nonlinearity due to the elastic-breakable term on the dynamical evolution, by proving the linearization property according to Gérard (J Funct Anal 141(1):60–98, 1996) and an asymptotic result pertaining the long time behavior.
Type 1 diabetes in 2017: global estimates of incident and prevalent cases in children and adults
Authors: Green Anders , Hede Simone M. , Patterson Christopher C. , Wild Sarah H. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Roglic Gojka , Beran David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Data on type 1 diabetes incidence and prevalence are limited, particularly for adults. This study aims to estimate global numbers of incident and prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in 2017 for all age groups, by country and areas defined by income and region.

Methods
Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in children (available from 94 countries) from the IDF Atlas were used and extrapolated to countries without data. Age-specific incidence rates in adults (only known across full age range for fewer than ten countries) were obtained by applying scaling ratios for each adult age group relative to the incidence rate in children. Age-specific incidence rates were applied to population estimates to obtain incident case numbers. Duration of diabetes was estimated from available data and adjusted using differences in childhood mortality rate between countries from United Nations demographic data. Prevalent case numbers were derived by modelling the relationship between prevalence, incidence and disease duration. Sensitivity analyses were performed to quantify the impact of alternative assumptions and model inputs.

Results
Global numbers of incident and prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes were estimated to be 234,710 and 9,004,610, respectively, in 2017. High-income countries, with 17% of the global population, accounted for 49% of global incident cases and 52% of prevalent cases. Asia, which has the largest proportion of the world’s population (60%), had the largest number of incident (32%) and prevalent (31%) cases of type 1 diabetes. Globally, 6%, 35%, 43% and 16% of prevalent cases were in the age groups 0–14, 15–39, 40–64 and 65+ years, respectively. Based on sensitivity analyses, the estimates could deviate by ±15%.

Conclusions/interpretation
Globally, type 1 diabetes represents about 2% of the estimated total cases of diabetes, ranging from less than 1% in certain Pacific countries to more than 15% in Northern European populations in 2017. This study provides information for the development of healthcare and policy approaches to manage type 1 diabetes. The estimates need further validation due to limitations and assumptions related to data availability and estimation methods.

Graphical abstract
Toxicokinetics of U-47700, tramadol, and their main metabolites in pigs following intravenous administration: is a multiple species allometric scaling approach useful for the extrapolation of toxicokinetic parameters to humans?
Authors: Nordmeier Frederike , Sihinevich Iryna , Doerr Adrian A. , Walle Nadja , Laschke Matthias W. , Lehr Thorsten , Menger Michael D. , Schmidt Peter H. , Meyer Markus R. , Schaefer Nadine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNew synthetic opioids (NSOs) pose a public health concern since their emergence on the illicit drug market and are gaining increasing importance in forensic toxicology. Like many other new psychoactive substances, NSOs are consumed without any preclinical safety data or any knowledge on toxicokinetic (TK) data. Due to ethical reasons, controlled human TK studies cannot be performed for the assessment of these relevant data. As an alternative animal experimental approach, six pigs per drug received a single intravenous dose of 100 µg/kg body weight (BW) of U-47700 or 1000 µg/kg BW of tramadol to evaluate whether this species is suitable to assess the TK of NSOs. The drugs were determined in serum and whole blood using a fully validated method based on solid-phase extraction and LC–MS/MS. The concentration–time profiles and a population (pop) TK analysis revealed that a three-compartment model best described the TK data of both opioids. Central volumes of distribution were 0.94 L/kg for U-47700 and 1.25 L/kg for tramadol and central (metabolic) clearances were estimated at 1.57 L/h/kg and 1.85 L/h/kg for U-47700 and tramadol, respectively. The final popTK model parameters for pigs were upscaled via allometric scaling techniques. In comparison to published human data, concentration–time profiles for tramadol could successfully be predicted with single species allometric scaling. Furthermore, possible profiles for U-47700 in humans were simulated. The findings of this study indicate that unlike a multiple species scaling approach, pigs in conjunction with TK modeling are a suitable tool for the assessment of TK data of NSOs and the prediction of human TK data.
Modified negative pressure wound therapy as an adjunct to antibiotics in the treatment of orthopaedic infected metalwork
Authors: Summers Selina , Daniels Natasha Faye , Thahir Azeem , Krkovic Matija 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Infected orthopaedic metalwork is challenging to treat. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with irrigation is an emerging therapy for infected wounds as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy. The senior author had devised a modified technique to augment its efficacy, utilising high-flow rate irrigation and skin closure over the standard NPWT dressing. This novel technique was originally evaluated in a different centre and produced 100% success in metalwork retention. The present study is a reproducibility test of the same technique.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed on 24 patients with infected orthopaedic metalwork, including 3 upper limb and 21 lower limb cases, for outcomes relating to implant retention and infection resolution. Patients underwent a modified NPWT technique as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement. Detailed medical and microbiology information were obtained from the patient records.

Results
23 of 24 (96%) patients had successful metalwork retainment with healed wounds and resolution of infection, allowing fracture union. 27 infective organisms were identified in this cohort, and the antibiotic regimens for each patient are provided. The average follow-up was 663 days. No adverse effects were observed.

Conclusion
This series supports the modified NPWT technique as a safe, reliable and effective adjunct therapy to resolve metalwork infection. The same results have been reproduced as the previous cohort in a different centre.
Generation results for vector-valued elliptic operators with unbounded coefficients in $$L^p$$ spaces
Authors: Angiuli Luciana , Lorenzi Luca , Mangino Elisabetta M. , Rhandi Abdelaziz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider a class of vector-valued elliptic operators with unbounded coefficients, coupled up to the first order, in the Lebesgue space $$L^p({\mathbb {R}}^d;{\mathbb {R}}^m)$$

L
p

(

R

d

;

R

m

)

with $$p \in (1,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

. Sufficient conditions to prove generation results of an analytic $$C_0$$

C
0

-semigroup $${\varvec{T}}(t)$$

T

(
t
)

, together with a characterization of the domain of its generator, are given. Some results related to the hypercontractivity and the ultraboundedness of the semigroup are also established.