bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(lactic acid)/vermiculite‐g‐polyisoprene nanocomposites based on thiol‐ene click chemistry: performance, shear crystallization and Rheonaut technology analysis
Authors: Li Hao , Jilili Yikelamu , Zhen Weijun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVermiculite (VMT) grafted polyisoprene (PIP) (VMT‐g‐PIP) was synthesized by thiol‐ene click chemistry. An orthogonal experiment and range analysis showed that the optimum reaction parameters of VMT‐g‐PIP were as follows: reaction time 9 h, reaction temperature 60 °C, initiator azodiisobutyronitrile dosage 0.025 g and mass ratio of isoprene to VMT‐SH 3:1. Due to the strong interfacial compatibility between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and VMT‐g‐PIP, the impact strength and elongation at break of PLA/VMT‐g‐PIP (0.7 wt%) nanocomposites were increased by 1.33 and 5.20 times, respectively, compared with pure PLA. Thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimeter analysis demonstrated that the thermal stability and fire resistance effect of PLA/VMT‐g‐PIP nanocomposites had been improved to a certain extent. Differential scanning calorimetry and Rheonaut technology for simultaneous rheometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the synergistic effect of shear field and heterogeneous nucleation of VMT‐g‐PIP induced faster crystallization of PLA. Accordingly, the crystallization properties of PLA were clearly improved, which enhanced its toughness. Enzymatic degradation behavior showed that VMT‐g‐PIP inhibited the biodegradation of PLA to a certain extent. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Tough and fluorescent hydrogels composed of poly(hydroxyurethane) and poly(stearyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) with hydrophobic associations and hydrogen bonds as the physical crosslinks
Authors: Tian Ye , Du Cong , Liu Bin , Qiu Hao Nan , Zhang Xing‐Hong , Wu Zi Liang , Zheng Qiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluorescent hydrogels have promising applications in biomedical and engineering fields. However, they are usually mechanically weak. Here, we report a fluorescent composite hydrogel with high toughness, which is facilely prepared by solution casting ethanol solution of poly(hydroxyurethane) (PHU) and poly(stearyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) (P[SA‐co‐AAc]) followed by swelling the casted film in water. The composite hydrogels with water content of 62–78 wt% possess remarkable mechanical performances, with tensile breaking stress of 0.3–1.1 MPa, breaking strain of 280%–400%, Young's modulus of 0.2–0.7 MPa, and tearing fracture energy of 1250–2630 J/m2. The high toughness is attributed to the effective energy dissipation of the network with hydrophobic association of SA units and hydrogen bonds between PHU and P(SA‐co‐AAc) as the physical crosslinks. The intense aggregation of carbamates and the formation of carbamate clusters through intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds endow the composite hydrogel with strong fluorescence. These hydrogels with high toughness and strong fluorescence should find applications in flexible electronics, information display, and biomedical devices.
Are there young carers in oncology? A systematic review
Authors: Justin Pauline , Lamore Kristopher , Dorard Géraldine , Untas Aurélie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aims to investigate the support children provide in the case of a relative's cancer.MethodsSearches were performed on four electronic databases (Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and ScienceDirect) to identify studies that report on the support provided by children to a relative diagnosed with cancer. Two researchers independently evaluated the eligibility of the studies and cross‐checked them for accuracy. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) was used to assess the quality of the studies included.ResultsOut of the 10948 articles screened, 30 were included in this review. Results highlighted that cancer provokes changes in families, such as shifts in roles and increased responsibilities for the youth. Children often provided significant support to their sick relative and family members, including practical, emotional, and medical support such as household duties, medical assistance, companionship, and distraction. However, they were designated as young carers in only one study. The support provided was associated with negative effects such as stress and fatigue, and with positive effects such as increased empathy and independence. Children wished to support their family but also named several needs, such as time for themselves and the opportunity to enjoy their childhood.ConclusionThe results of this systematic review highlight the importance of taking into account the support provided by young people facing the cancer of a relative and designating them as young carers. Much remains to be accomplished to officially recognize their role and to support them properly.
Statistical and text analysis of major accidents to the environment in European Union
Authors: Trávníček Petr , Tichá Zuzana , Kotek Luboš 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to provide operators and authors of safety documents, or responsible authorities, the foundation for decision‐making processes connected with accident risk assessment of major accident to the environment (also on human health or property). Authors worked with hypothesis that there could be some differences between major accidents to the environment and sample of all major accidents. There was performed basic statistical accident data analysis based on public database eMARS. Data was divided into two samples, the first sample included all accidents with environmental impact, the second sample included all accidents mentioned in database. The outputs were compared. The hypothesis was partly confirmed. For example, the pesticides/fertilizer industry category and storage installation type are represented more frequently in major accidents causing immediate damage to the environment (according to Annex VI of European Union‘s Directive Seveso III). During the database work there were some improvement proposals of the eMARS database in order to improve data processing with efficiency and to provide better access to the information according to the Seveso III directive requirement. These proposals are described in conclusions.
Synthesis of Al(III), Bi(III), Sb(III), Sn(II) and Pb(II) Complexes Based on a Plant Auxin Hormone: Characterization; DFT, Pharmacokinetics and MOE‐Docking with Plant‐Cell Proteins
Authors: Refat Moamen S. , Sayqal Ali , Aljohani Meshari M. , Saad Fawaz , Al‐Solimy Amerah M. , Bayazeed Abrar A. , Abumelha Hana M. , Shah Reem , El‐Metwaly Nashwa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeries of complexes was prepared from some p‐block elements and indole‐3‐acetic acid (HIAA) as a plant hormone categorized from auxin class. Trivalent [Al(III), Bi(III)& Sb(III)] and divalent [Sn(II) & Pb(II)] ions, were used for complexation with indole‐3‐acetic acid. These complexes were analytically (elemental & EDX), spectrally (IR, Raman, UV‐Vis, SEM & XRD) and theoretically characterized. All complexes proposed having 1 : 2 molar ratio (M : L) through mono‐negative bi‐dentate binding mode. A tetrahedral geometry was proposed for Al(III) complex. While, the other complexes were suggested to be in distorted octahedral geometry due to presence of five bonds only and the sixth site inhabits by lone pair of electrons. Hirshfeld surface properties were obtained through Crystal explorer 3.1 software over structures oriented by VESTA package. The 3D‐crystals of Bi(III) and Sb(III) complexes displayed a noticeable red spots which point to the best contact site on their surfaces. Also, the conformational study reveals many physical characteristics that suggest the superiority of some complexes than the original ligand. Also, drug‐likeness outcomes clarify the lipophilic feature of Sn(II) and Pb(II) complexes. This feature may play a well bioactive behavior within living cells. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics as well as MOE‐docking simulation, were carried out versus 1lr5 & 3c6p proteins. Such proteins, were the co‐crystal forms of auxin‐class that act as hormone receiver inside plant cells. This study proposed the priority of Al(III), Sn(II) and Pb(II) complexes than the free hormone itself in the interaction with selected auxin proteins. We recommend these complexes for practical application in the field from specialist, they will improve the vital process within plant cells based on in‐silico results in this research.
Interface Engineering Ti3C2 MXene/Silicon Self‐Powered Photodetectors with High Responsivity and Detectivity for Weak Light Applications
Authors: Song Weidong , Liu Qing , Chen Jiaxin , Chen Zhao , He Xin , Zeng Qingguang , Li Shuti , He Longfei , Chen Zhitao , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInterfacial engineering and heterostructures designing are two efficient routes to improve photoelectric characteristics of a photodetector. Herein, a Ti3C2 MXene/Si heterojunction photodetector with ultrahigh specific detectivity (2.03 × 1013 Jones) and remarkable responsivity (402 mA W−1) at zero external bias without decline as with increasing the light power is reported. This is achieved by chemically regrown interfacial SiOx layer and the control of Ti3C2 MXene thickness to suppress the dark noise current and improve the photoresponse. The photodetector demonstrates a high light on/off ratio of over 106, an outstanding peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 60.3%, while it maintains an ultralow dark current at 0 V bias. Moreover, the device holds high performance with EQE of over 55% even after encapsulated with silicone, trying to resolve the air stability issue of Ti3C2 MXene. Such a photodetector with high detectivity, high responsivity, and self‐powered capability is particularly applicable to detect weak light signal, which presents high potential for imaging, communication and sensing applications.
Birefringence and Dichroism in Quasi‐1D Transition Metal Trichalcogenides: Direct Experimental Investigation
Authors: Hou Shijun , Guo Zhengfeng , Yang Juehan , Liu Yue‐Yang , Shen Wanfu , Hu Chunguang , Liu Shiyuan , Gu Honggang , Wei Zhongming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBirefringence and dichroism are very important properties in optical anisotropy. Understanding the intrinsic birefringence and dichroism of a material can provide great help to utilize its optical anisotropy. But the direct experimental investigation of birefringence in nanoscale materials is rarely reported. As typical anisotropic transition metals trichalcogenides (TMTCs) materials with quasi‐1D structure, TiS3 and ZrS3 have attracted extensive attention due to their special crystal structure and optical anisotropy characteristics. Here, the optical anisotropy properties such as birefringence and dichroism of two kinds of quasi‐1D TMTCs, TiS3 and ZrS3, are theoretically and experimentally studied. In experimental results, the anisotropic refraction and anisotropic reflection of TiS3 and ZrS3 are studied by polarization‐resolved optical microscopy and azimuth‐dependent reflectance difference microscopy, respectively. In addition, the birefringence and dichroism of ZrS3 nanoribbon in experiment are directly measured by spectrometric ellipsometry measurements, and a reasonable result is obtained. This work provides the basic optical anisotropy information of TiS3 and ZrS3. It lays a foundation for the further study of the optical anisotropy of these two materials and provides a feasible method for the study of birefringence and dichroism of other nanomaterials in the future.
Effect of water‐to‐cement ratio on service life of reinforced concrete structures in chloride environment
Authors: Liang Yongqin , Wang Licheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCracking of concrete induced by rebar corrosion is a main cause for deterioration of reinforced concrete structures especially for those exposed to chloride environment. In all of the parameters influencing the service life of concrete structures, water‐to‐cement ratio is a very important one for it determines the resistance of concrete against chloride aggression and corrosion‐induced damage. In this paper, the parameters in corrosion process influenced by water‐to‐cement ratio of concrete (w/c) are screened all‐round which include concrete tensile strength ft, elastic modulus Ec, porous zone thickness δ0, corrosion current density icorr, critical chloride content Ccr, and chloride diffusion coefficient Dcl. The influences of w/c on the chloride penetration stage and the corrosion damage stage are studied. The first stage is expressed by Fick's second law, and the second stage is calculated using a commonly used analytical model, i.e. the thick‐walled cylinder model. It is found that with the increase of w/c, the change of some parameters (ft↑, Ccr↑, Dcl↓, icorr↓) will induce increase of the service life, while the change of the others (Ec↑, δ0↓) will induce decrease of the service life. The diffusion stage and damage stage both shorten with the increase of w/c, and thus the total service life decreases with the increase of w/c. These results show that the increase of w/c presents a negative effect on the service life of concrete structures in total. In addition, with the increase of w/c, the service life for various concrete cover thicknesses and rebar diameters decrease in a similar tendency. For probability analyses, it is found that the probability density curves under different w/c are almost symmetric but show a little left‐skewed, and the total service life for various w/c fluctuates about 0.6 to 1.0 year.
An Overview of the Recent Progress in Polymeric Carbon Nitride Based Photocatalysis
Authors: Humayun Muhammad , Ullah Habib , Tahir Asif Ali , bin Mohd Yusoff Abd. Rashid , Mat Teridi Mohd Asri , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Luo Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecently, polymeric carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) as a proficient photo‐catalyst has been effectively employed in photocatalysis for energy conversion, storage, and pollutants degradation due to its low cost, robustness, and environmentally friendly nature. The critical review summarized the recent development, fundamentals, nanostructures design, advantages, and challenges of g‐C3N4 (CN), as potential future photoactive material. The review also discusses the latest information on the improvement of CN‐based heterojunctions including Type‐II, Z‐scheme, metal/CN Schottky junctions, noble metal@CN, graphene@CN, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)@CN, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)/CN, layered double hydroxides (LDH)/CN heterojunctions and CN‐based heterostructures for H2 production from H2O, CO2 conversion and pollutants degradation in detail. The optical absorption, electronic behavior, charge separation and transfer, and bandgap alignment of CN‐based heterojunctions are discussed elaborately. The correlations between CN‐based heterostructures and photocatalytic activities are described excessively. Besides, the prospects of CN‐based heterostructures for energy production, storage, and pollutants degradation are discussed.
Head and neck radiotherapy on the MR linac: a multicenter planning challenge amongst MRIdian platform users
Authors: Chamberlain Madalyne , Krayenbuehl Jerome , van Timmeren Janita E. , Wilke Lotte , Andratschke Nicolaus , Garcia Schüler Helena , Tanadini-Lang Stephanie , Guckenberger Matthias , Balermpas Panagiotis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Purpose of this study is to evaluate plan quality on the MRIdian (Viewray Inc., Oakwood Village, OH, USA) system for head and neck cancer (HNC) through comparison of planning approaches of several centers.

Methods
A total of 14 planners using the MRIdian planning system participated in this treatment challenge, centrally organized by ViewRay, for one contoured case of oropharyngeal carcinoma with standard constraints for organs at risk (OAR). Homogeneity, conformity, sparing of OARs, and other parameters were evaluated according to The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommendations anonymously, and then compared between centers. Differences amongst centers were assessed by means of Wilcoxon test. Each plan had to fulfil hard constraints based on dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters and delivery time. A plan quality metric (PQM) was evaluated. The PQM was defined as the sum of 16 submetrics characterizing different DVH goals.

Results
For most dose parameters the median score of all centers was higher than the threshold that results in an ideal score. Six participants achieved the maximum number of points for the OAR dose parameters, and none had an unacceptable performance on any of the metrics. Each planner was able to achieve all the requirements except for one which exceeded delivery time. The number of segments correlated to improved PQM and inversely correlated to brainstem D0.1cc and to Planning Target Volume1 (PTV) D0.1cc. Total planning experience inversely correlated to spinal canal dose.

Conclusion
Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) linac-based planning for HNC is already feasible with good quality. Generally, an increased number of segments and increasing planning experience are able to provide better results regarding planning quality without significantly prolonging overall treatment time.
Exploring the dermotoxicity of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol: combined morphologic and proteomic profiling of human epidermal cells reveals alteration of lipid biosynthesis machinery and membrane structural integrity relevant for skin barrier function
Authors: Del Favero Giorgia , Janker Lukas , Neuditschko Benjamin , Hohenbichler Julia , Kiss Endre , Woelflingseder Lydia , Gerner Christopher , Marko Doris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeoxynivalenol (vomitoxin, DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp. fungi and it is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins worldwide. Crop infestation results not only in food and feed contamination, but also in direct dermal exposure, especially during harvest and food processing. To investigate the potential dermotoxicity of DON, epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma cells A431 were compared to primary human neonatal keratinocytes (HEKn) cells via proteome/phosphoproteome profiling. In A431 cells, 10 µM DON significantly down-regulated ribosomal proteins, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain elements (OXPHOS regulation) and transport proteins (TOMM22; TOMM40; TOMM70A). Mitochondrial impairment was reflected in altered metabolic competence, apparently combined with interference of the lipid biosynthesis machinery. Functional effects on the cell membrane were confirmed by live cell imaging and membrane fluidity assays (0.1–10 µM DON). Moreover, a common denominator for both A431 and HEKn cells was a significant downregulation of the squalene synthase (FDFT1). In sum, proteome alterations could be traced back to the transcription factor Klf4, a crucial regulator of skin barrier function. Overall, these results describe decisive molecular events sustaining the capability of DON to impair skin barrier function. Proteome data generated in the study are fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with the accession numbers PXD011474 and PXD013613.
Optimising sample preparation for FTIR-based microplastic analysis in wastewater and sludge samples: multiple digestions
Authors: Cunsolo Serena , Williams John , Hale Michelle , Read Daniel S. , Couceiro Fay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe lack of standardised methodologies in microplastic research has been addressed in recent years as it hampers the comparison of results across studies. The quantification of microplastics in the environment is key to the assessment of the potential eco-toxicological impacts that this new category of emerging pollutants could have on terrestrial and aquatic species. Therefore, the need for protocols that are robust, simple and reliable together with their standardisation are of crucial importance. This study has focused on removal of organic matter with Fenton reagent from wastewater and sludge samples. This step of analysis was optimised by implementing a multi-digestion treatment on these samples that have high concentration of complex mixtures of organic matter, which interfere with microplastic enumeration. Moreover, this study targeted the detection of microplastics in the sub-hundred-micron size range due to the potential higher risks associated with smaller-sized particles and the limited data available from previous wastewater research. To show the validity of the method, triplicate samples of raw sewage, final effluent and sludge were independently spiked with two different sizes and types of microplastic polymers. Due to the various analytical stages required for the isolation of microplastics, time is a limiting factor in sample processing. The sequential digestion with Fenton reagent represents an inexpensive and time-efficient procedure for wastewater research providing effective degradation of organic material. These advantages over other currently available methods mean the method is suitable for analysis of large numbers of samples allowing robust monitoring data sets to be generated.
Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the prenatal diagnosis of common congenital vascular anomalies
Authors: Crivelli Laurence , Millischer Anne-Elodie , Sonigo Pascale , Grévent David , Hanquinet Sylviane , Vial Yvan , Alamo Leonor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Screening ultrasound (US) has increased the detection of congenital vascular anomalies in utero. Complementary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve the diagnosis, but its real utility is still not well established.

Objectives
We aimed to describe the imaging findings on prenatal US and MRI of the most frequent congenital vascular anomalies (lymphatic malformations and congenital hemangiomas) to assess the accuracy of prenatal US and MRI exams for diagnosis and to evaluate the relevance of the additional information obtained by complementary fetal MRI.

Materials and methods
All confirmed postnatal congenital vascular anomalies detected in the last 10 years at 3 university hospitals were retrospectively identified. The prenatal diagnosis was compared with the final diagnosis for both methods and the clinical relevance of additional MRI information was evaluated. A second MRI in advanced pregnancy was performed in fetuses with lesions in a sensitive anatomical location and the clinical relevance of the additional information was evaluated.

Results
Twenty-four cases were included in the study, 20 lymphatic malformations and 4 hemangiomas. MRI slightly improved the diagnosis of lymphatic malformation, 85% vs. 80% at US, especially for abdominal lesions. Both methods had a low identification rate (25%) for tumors. MRI performed late in five fetuses with lymphatic malformation allowed optimized management at birth.

Conclusion
MRI improves the diagnosis of congenital lymphatic malformations whereas hemangiomas remain difficult to identify in utero. The main role of MRI is to provide high-defined anatomical data to guide management at birth.