bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel Test Prioritization
Authors: Zhou Jianyi , Chen Junjie , Hao Dan 
Published: September 2021

Although regression testing is important to guarantee the software quality in software evolution, it suffers from the widely known cost problem. To address this problem, existing researchers made dedicated efforts on test prioritization, which optimizes the execution order of tests to detect faults earlier; while practitioners in industry leveraged more computing resources to save the time cost of regression testing. By combining these two orthogonal solutions, in this article, we define the problem of parallel test prioritization, which is to conduct test prioritization in the scenario of parallel test execution to reduce the cost of regression testing.
Different from traditional sequential test prioritization, parallel test prioritization aims at generating a set of test sequences, each of which is allocated in an individual computing resource and executed in parallel. In particular, we propose eight parallel test prioritization techniques by adapting the existing four sequential test prioritization techniques, by including and excluding testing time in prioritization.

To investigate the performance of the eight parallel test prioritization techniques, we conducted an extensive study on 54 open-source projects and a case study on 16 commercial projects from
Baidu
, a famous search service provider with 600M monthly active users. According to the two studies, parallel test prioritization does improve the efficiency of regression testing, and cost-aware additional parallel test prioritization technique significantly outperforms the other techniques, indicating that this technique is a good choice for practical parallel testing. Besides, we also investigated the influence of two external factors, the number of computing resources and time allowed for parallel testing, and find that more computing resources indeed improve the performance of parallel test prioritization. In addition, we investigated the influence of two more factors, test granularity and coverage criterion, and find that parallel test prioritization can still accelerate regression testing in parallel scenario. Moreover, we investigated the benefit of parallel test prioritization on the regression testing process of continuous integration, considering both the cumulative acceleration performance and the overhead of prioritization techniques, and the results demonstrate the superiority of parallel test prioritization.
Study on the Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Obstetric Hypertension with Sequence Pattern Mining Algorithm
Authors: Li Jiawei 
Published: September 2021

Aiming at the difficulty in setting the support threshold for sequential pattern mining algorithms and improving the effectiveness of the support threshold setting without the guidance of domain experts’ experience, an improved SPADE (sequential pattern discovery using equivalence classes) algorithm is proposed. By analyzing the relationship between the number of frequent sequences and the support threshold, the support threshold is dynamically selected. Using the electronic medical record data from a medical centre, the time-series relationship of the drugs taken by hypertension patients was extracted as the drug sequence dataset. By determining the optimal support threshold of the dataset, the frequent sequence set is mined, and the sequence rules are generated from the obtained regular sequences to visualize the sequence rules. The sequence rules of medication for hypertensive patients were combined with the patients’ physical indicators for the recommendation. For patients with obstetric hypertension, a combination of nifedipine and captopril is recommended. Through the comparison of the observation group and control group, we study the curative effect of various drugs. The results showed that the total effective rate of the observation group was about 96.6%; compared with the control group, the result indicated that the difference was significant (

P

< 0.05). The comparison of blood pressure levels between the two groups after treatment also showed that the results of the observation group were ideal (

P

< 0.05). In addition, the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and perinatal complications in the observation group was also significantly reduced (

P

< 0.05). Therefore, the combination of medication for pregnancy hypertension syndrome can effectively improve the treatment effect of the disease and reduce the rate of postpartum haemorrhage and the incidence of perinatal complications.
Association between Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations and the First Ischemic Stroke in Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A 7-Year Retrospective Cohort Study from China
Authors: Li Nanfang , Cai Xintian , Zhu Qing , Yao Xiaoguang , Lin Mengyue , Gan Lin , Sun Le , Yue Na , Ren Yingli , Hong Jing , Ma Yue , Wang Run , Yili Jina , Luo Qin 
Published: September 2021

Purpose. This study was aimed at investigating the association between baseline plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations and the risk of the first ischemic stroke (IS) and at investigating any possible influential modifying factors in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to investigate the relationship between plasma Hcy concentration and the first IS. A generalized additive model was applied to determine the nonlinear relationship. In addition, we conducted subgroup analysis. Results. A total of 2350 hypertensive patients with OSA without a history of IS were enrolled in this study. At a median follow-up of 7.15 years, we identified 93 cases of the first IS. After adjusting for potential confounding, the findings revealed that plasma Hcy concentration was strongly and positively associated with the occurrence of the first IS (per SD increment;

HR
=
1.37

, 95% CI: 1.30-1.44). A nonlinear relationship was found between plasma Hcy concentration and the risk of developing the first IS with inflection points for plasma Hcy of 5 μmol/L. In stratified analysis, a greater positive correlation was found between baseline plasma Hcy concentrations and new-onset IS in patients with

DBP
≥
90

mmHg

(per SD increment;

HR
=
1.48

, 95% CI: 1.33-1.65 vs. <90 mmHg:

HR
=
1.20

, 95% CI: 1.02-1.42;

P
‐
interaction
=
0.04

) and

BMI
≥
24

and <28 kg/m2 (per SD increment;

HR
=
1.46

, 95% CI: 1.26-1.70 vs. <24 kg/m2:

HR
=
1.13

, 95% CI: 0.95-1.33 vs. ≥28 kg/m2:

HR
=
1.46

, 95% CI: 1.25-1.70;

P
‐
interaction
=
0.03

). Conclusion. Elevated plasma Hcy concentrations are independently associated with the risk of the first IS in hypertensive patients with OSA. Plasma Hcy

concentrations
≥
5

μ
mol
/
L

surely increased the risk of the first IS in hypertensive patients with OSA.
Habitats for large branchiopods in the agricultural landscape of the Mureş Floodplain Natural Park: how long will they last?
Authors: Cicort-Lucaciu Alfred-Ştefan , Herlo Gabriel-Lucian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the last two hundred years, the Mureş River Floodplain has suffered major changes caused by dike constructions, meander cutting, and by the transformation of the natural landscape into an agricultural one. In this environmental context, we wanted to find out the degree to which large branchiopod species still survive in the Mureş Floodplain area. Every stagnant aquatic habitat encountered in 2019 in the Mureş Floodplain Natural Park was sampled. For the habitats where more species co-occur, urgent preservation actions must be taken. Most of the species prefer open habitats and have survived in the wheel ruts on agricultural lands. In the absence of natural habitats, the importance of this habitat type becomes a major one. The forest advantages species related to shady habitats, such as Chirocephalus diaphanus. We have found several individuals in the park that showed black spots on their bodies, characteristic of the black disease of fairy shrimp. The presence of the disease only in the populations from wheel ruts suggests that vehicles which make these ruts, could be the carriers of the disease.
Compound droughts and heatwaves over the Huai River Basin of China: From a perspective of the magnitude index
Authors: Wang Weijiao , Zhang Yuqing , Guo Bin , Ji Min , Xu Ying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCompound droughts and heatwaves have garnered increasing research attentions due to their disastrous impacts on the structure and function of ecosystems and societies. A drought is generally characterized by precipitation deficit, and its negative impact can be amplified by the simultaneous occurrence of a heatwave. More recent studies have highlighted the multi characteristics of compound droughts and heatwaves, which may call for improved efforts on assessing the impact of compound extremes. In this study, a compound drought and heatwave magnitude index (CDHMI) is built to characterize the severity of compound extremes in the Huai River Basin (HRB) during 1961-2017. The CDHMI considers the impact of both drought/extreme heat conditions and the duration of extreme heat. In addition, the magnitude index has been graded according to the degree of severity to detect the most drastic extreme compound events. The results show that from 1961 to 2017, mild and moderate events occurred more often than severe events. A significant increase in all compound events was observed from 2003 to 2017. Compound droughts and heatwaves events, especially in drought status, have increased significantly with the global climate warming in recent decades. The assessment of the impact for compound droughts and heatwaves events over the HRB needs to be improved in the context of global climate changing. Therefore, the CDHMI can be used to accurately assess the risk of compound droughts and heatwaves.
Association between TFEB gene polymorphism, gene–environment interaction, and fatty liver disease: A case–control study in China
Authors: Mo Chunbao , Mai Tingyu , Cai Jiansheng , He Haoyu , Lu Huaxiang , Tang Xu , Chen Quanhui , Xu Xia , Nong Chuntao , Liu Shuzhen , Tan Dechan , Liu Qiumei , Xu Min , Li You , Zhang Zhiyong , Qin Jian 
Published: September 2021

Background: Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a serious public health problem that is rapidly increasing. Evidence indicates that the transcription factor EB ( TFEB) gene may be involved in the pathophysiology of FLD; however, whether TEFB polymorphism has an association with FLD remains unclear. Objectives: To explore the association among TFEB polymorphism, gene–environment interaction, and FLD and provide epidemiological evidence for clarifying the genetic factors of FLD. Methods: This study is a case–control study. Sequenom MassARRAY was applied in genotyping. Logical regression was used to analyze the association between TFEB polymorphism and FLD, and the gene–environment interaction in FLD was evaluated by multiplication and additive interaction models. Results: (1) The alleles and genotypes of each single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotypes of TFEB in the case and control groups were evenly distributed; no statistically substantial difference was observed. (2) Logistic regression analysis indicated that TFEB polymorphism is not remarkably associated with FLD. (3) In the multiplicative interaction model, rs1015149, rs1062966, rs11754668 and rs2273068 had remarkable interaction with the amount of cigarette smoking. Rs1062966 and rs11754668 also had a considerable interaction body mass index and alcohol intake, respectively. However, no remarkable additive interaction was observed. Conclusion: TFEB polymorphism is not directly associated with FLD susceptibility, but the risk can be changed through gene–environment interaction.
Opioid Prescriptions Following Otologic Surgery: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kirubalingam Keshinisuthan , Nguyen Paul , Klar Gregory , Dion Joanna M. , Campbell Robert J. , Beyea Jason Atkins 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo examine postoperative opioid‐prescribing patterns following otologic surgery.Study DesignRetrospective population‐based descriptive study.SettingAll hospitals in the Canadian province of Ontario.MethodsOf all patients with advanced ear surgery between July 1, 2012, and March 31, 2019, 7 cohorts were constructed: tympanoplasty with or without ossiculoplasty (n = 7812), atticotomy/limited mastoidectomy (n = 1371), mastoidectomy (n = 3717), semicircular canal occlusion (SCO; n = 179), stapedectomy (n = 2735), bone‐implanted hearing aid insertion (n = 280), and cochlear implant (n = 2169). Prescriptions filled for narcotics postoperatively were calculated per morphine milligram equivalent (MME) opioid dose. Multivariable regression was used to determine predictors of higher opioid doses.ResultsThe mean ± SD MMEs prescribed were as follows: tympanoplasty with or without ossiculoplasty, 246.77 ± 1380.78; atticotomy/limited mastoidectomy, 283.32 ± 956.10; mastoidectomy, 280.56 ± 1018.50; SCO, 328.61 ± 1090.86; stapedectomy, 164.64 ± 657.18; bone‐implanted hearing aid insertion, 326.11 ± 1054.66; and cochlear implant, 200.87 ± 639.93. SCO (odds ratio [OR], 1.69 [95% CI, 1.16‐2.48]) and mastoidectomy (OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.36‐1.66]) were associated with higher opioid doses than tympanoplasty‐ossiculoplasty. Asthma (OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.12‐1.38]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.12‐1.47]), myocardial infarction (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.05‐1.68]), diabetes (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.08‐1.39]), and substance‐related and addictive disorders (OR, 2.59 [95% CI, 1.67‐4.00]) were associated with higher opioid doses prescribed. Overall MME prescribed by year demonstrates a sharp drop from 2017‐2018 to 2018‐2019.ConclusionThis large comprehensive population study provides insight into the prescribing patterns following otologic surgery. The large amounts prescribed and substantial variation require further study to determine barriers that limit good opioid‐prescribing stewardship in the postoperative period.
Time to retire ‘New daily persistent headache’: Mode of onset of chronic migraine and tension-type headache
Authors: Lobo Rhannon , Wang Mu , Lobo Sean , Bahra Anish 
Published: September 2021

New daily persistent headache is described as an enigmatic condition with daily headache from onset. It has posed challenges diagnostically and therapeutically. Methods: We conducted a study of patients referred to headache services based in Central and North-East London, United Kingdom, meeting the International Classificaiton of Headache Disorders – 3 criteria for New daily persistent headache. Information on demographics, phenotype and treatment responses were collected. The syndrome of the daily headache was also classified according any other ICHD-3-defined syndrome. Results: Of 162 patients, females comprised 68.5% with median age of onset 35 years. The daily headache experienced was chronic migraine in 89.7% and tension-type headache in 8.8%. Thunderclap-onset New daily persistent headache occurred in 14.8%. More than one headache syndrome was experienced in 15.4%, including cough, hypnic, sexual and stabbing headache. All aura types were experienced, most commonly brainstem aura in 39%. Prior headache was reported 53.7%. A persisting sub-form was present in 51.2%, relapsing remitting in 12.3% and 14.0% reported improvement; 19.8% were lost to follow-up. Only 11.1% reported an antecedent trigger. The most common premorbid disorders were psychiatric in 35.7%. A fifth improved on preventative medication, most commonly amitriptyline, propranolol and topiramate. Conclusion: Our cohort of New daily persistent headache is consistent with a mode of onset of migraine and tension-type headache which occurs in predisposed individuals.
Association Between Middle Facet Subluxation and Foot and Ankle Offset in Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity
Authors: Barbachan Mansur Nacime Salomão , Lalevee Matthieu , Maly Connor , Dibbern Kevin , Lee Hee Young , Godoy-Santos Alexandre Leme , Lintz François , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: September 2021

Background: Subtalar middle facet (MF) subluxation was recognized as a reliable marker for progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) diagnosis. Foot and Ankle Offset (FAO) is an established measurement, predictive of malalignment severity. The objective of this study was to assess the potential association between MF subluxation and FAO in PCFD patients. Methods: 56 individuals with flexible PCFD (74 feet) were assessed. Two blinded foot and ankle surgeons calculated MF uncoverage, MF incongruence, and FAO. Agreement was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A multivariate regression analysis and partition prediction models were applied to assess relationship between values. Results: All ICCs were >0.80. MF subluxation and FAO were found to be correlated ( rs = 0.56; P < .0001). Changes in the MF subluxation were noticeably explained by FAO and BMI ( R2 = 0.33). MF incongruence was not correlated with the assessed variables ( P = .10). In this cohort, an MF subluxation of 27.5% was a threshold for increased FAO (FAO of 3.4%±2.4% when below; FAO of 8.0% ±3.5% when above). Conclusion: We found a correlation between MF subluxation and FAO. An MF subluxation of 27.5% was found to be a threshold for higher FAO, which corresponded to a greater malalignment. These data may help surgeons optimize treatment decisions in PCFD patients. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
No evidence for loss of natalizumab effectiveness with every-6-week dosing: a propensity score–matched comparison with every-4-week dosing in patients enrolled in the Tysabri Observational Program (TOP)
Authors: Butzkueven Helmut , Kappos Ludwig , Spelman Tim , Trojano Maria , Wiendl Heinz , Su Ray , Liao Shirley , Hyde Robert , Licata Stephanie , Ho Pei-Ran , Campbell Nolan 
Published: September 2021

Background: Extended interval dosing of natalizumab is associated with significantly lower progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk compared with every-4-week (Q4W) dosing in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Previous studies have suggested that natalizumab effectiveness is maintained in patients who switch from Q4W to extended interval dosing but have been limited by a lack of well-matched patient cohorts. Methods: Tysabri Observational Program (TOP) data as of November 2019 were used to identify patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab Q4W and those with a single physician-indicated dosing change from Q4W to every-6-week (Q6W) dosing after ⩾1 year of Q4W treatment. Patients were propensity score matched at the time of the switch from Q4W to Q6W dosing. Clinical outcomes (annualized relapse rate and probability of remaining relapse free or free of 24-week confirmed disability worsening) and safety outcomes were assessed for the two cohorts. Results: This study included 219 pairs of propensity score–matched Q6W and Q4W patients. Annualized relapse rates were similar for Q6W (0.150) and Q4W (0.157) patients. The probability of remaining relapse free [hazard ratio = 1.243 (95% confidence interval = 0.819–1.888); p = 0.307] and of remaining free of 24-week confirmed disability worsening [hazard ratio = 0.786 (95% confidence interval = 0.284–2.176); p = 0.644] did not differ significantly between Q6W and Q4W patients. Summarized safety results for the matched Q6W and Q4W patients are also presented. Conclusion: These real-world findings in well-matched patient cohorts from TOP demonstrate that natalizumab effectiveness is maintained in patients who switch to Q6W dosing after ⩾1 year of Q4W dosing. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00493298
The prognostic value of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the management of Graves’ disease
Authors: Zhou Yulin , Zhou Mengxi , Qi Yicheng , Wang Weiqing , Chen Xinxin , Wang Shu 
Published: September 2021

Background: The bioassay of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was reported to have a similar performance to the commonly used thyroid-stimulating hormone binding inhibition assay, also known as thyroid receptor antibody assay. The normal reference range of thyroid receptor antibody levels indicates the withdrawal of anti-thyroid drugs in the recent clinical guidelines. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal observational study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in patients with Graves’ disease. Results: A total of 77 patients with Graves’ disease treated with anti-thyroid drugs were in a continuous follow-up until 1 year after anti-thyroid drugs discontinuation. Commercial kits of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and M22-thyroid-stimulating hormone binding inhibition assay were used and compared. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was all negative in healthy controls, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and subacute thyroiditis. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin value was highest in untreated patients with Graves’ disease ( p < 0.001). Under anti-thyroid drugs treatment, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin value decreased gradually. A total of 21 patients had positive thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin at the end of treatment. According to clinical fate of patients with Graves’ disease after withdrawal of anti-thyroid drugs, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin value and positivity in patients with relapse were significantly higher than that reported in patients with remission ( p = 0.001, p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, gender, initial thyroid receptor antibody, initial thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin, and thyroid receptor antibody at the end of treatment, the odds ratio of positive thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin for the risk of relapse was 33.271 (95% confidence interval: 4.741–233.458, p < 0.001) and odds ratio of quantitative thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was 1.009 (95% confidence interval: 1.002–1.015, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin is a good predictor of relapse in patients with Graves’ disease treated with anti-thyroid drugs. It might be safer to discontinue anti-thyroid drugs when thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyroid receptor antibody were both negative.
“Prevalence of chronic pain following resection of pelvic bone tumours: A single centre prospective observational survey”
Authors: Bakshi Sumitra , Rana Meenal , Gulia Ashish , Puri Ajay , Harsha Tadala SS , Tiwari Shashank , Gotur Aparna 
Published: September 2021

Background Hemipelvectomy is a major surgery most often performed for pelvic malignancy. These complex surgeries often involve dissection around major neurovascular bundle and resection of tumour being bone along with involved tissues. This may result in short and long term morbidities. There is very little literature about incidence of chronic pain after pelvic resections. We conducted a prospective study at a tertiary cancer hospital to assess the prevalence of chronic pain post hemipelvectomy. Method This is a single centre prospective observational study conducted over 30 months. Pain scores were recorded using Brief pain inventory (BPI) and pain detect questionnaire. The quality of life was assessed using musculoskeletal tumour society (MSTS) score. Intra-operative details like extent of surgical resection, nerves spared, details of intra-operative and post-operative analgesia were retrieved from the patient files. Data were analysed using SPSS 21 version. Results Neuropathic pain post hemipelvectomy was uncommon. The prevalence of mild to moderate somatic pain was around 30%. Functional limitation was minimal as assessed by BPI and MSTS score. A high incidence of numbness was seen to persist in and around the area of surgical incision (50%). Conclusion This is first study to report the incidence of chronic pain post hemipelvectomy done for pelvic tumour resections. Despite the extensive nature of resection involved, there is a low prevalence of neuropathic pain in this population. However, incidence of persistent somatic pain is high and there is a need for further studies for evaluating the causality