bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic mulch sheet as a mitigation strategy in vegetable cultivation: Its effect on the growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Iriany A , Hasanah F , Farahdina F A R , Rosalia N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plastic mulch, mainly used in chili cultivation, is less environmentally friendly due to its non-biodegradable characteristic. An alternative biodegradable mulch is needed to support growth and produce a desirable yield. Organic mulch sheet (OMS) is a promising alternative because it is made from natural fiber which is abundant and renewable organic material. This study aimed to understand the effect of organic mulch sheet (OMS) application on the growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annum L.). This research was carried out using a simple randomized complete block design with one control (black-silver plastic mulch) labeled as M0 and seven treatments (OMS compositions namely percentage of water hyacinth and banana stalk) labeled as M1 (80:20), M2 (70:30), M3 (60:40), M4 (50:50), M5 (40:60), M6 (30:70), and M7 (20:80). Mulch application significantly affected growth (plant height and number of leaves) and yield (fruit weight per fruit and fruit length) variables of chili. Although there was no significant difference in fruit weight per plant between control and OMS compositions, OMS application (M4) increased the yield of chili up to 25% from control. This finding affirmed that OMS is suitable for chili cultivation and can be used as a substitute for black-silver plastic mulch.
Coral reefs substrate composition influence on nudibranch diversity
Authors: Adiwijaya C , Bengen D G , Zamani N P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The substrate serves as a habitat and a source of food for Nudibranch. Therefore, it influences the existence of nudibranchs. This study examined the differences in the presence of nudibranchs at two locations with different substrate compositions on Lembeh Island and a flat island (Tunda Island). Data collection used a modified belt transect 50m long and 4m wide (200m2) with a depth of 5-7m along the coastline. A total of 86 individual specimens consisted of 12 families with 22 species were recorded. The largest group was the Phyllidiidae family (10 species). Chromodorididae and Polyceridae family represented by 3 species each, Facelinidae family represented by 2 species, and Dotidae, Flabellinidae, Discodorididae, and Myrrhinidae, each represented by one species. Nudibranch diversity was higher on Lembeh Island than Tunda Island. A total of 19 species were found on Lembeh Island while only 5 species were found on Tunda Island. The wealth of nudibranch is largely determined by the composition of the substrate. Based on hierarchical analysis 80.93% of determinants of nudibranch existence was a substrate category of DCA, sponges, and hard corals. Nudibranch’s diversity directly proportional to the percentage of DCA and sponge, and inversely proportional to the percentage of hard coral.
The behaviour model of domestic tourists in decision making on re-visit to Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Trimurti C P , Utama I G B R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study uses a quantitative approach using descriptive statistical analysis tools and linear regression to be able to simulate the results of the study by surveying respondents who traveled to several tourist attractions in Bali. The number of respondents in this study was 400 people who were determined by accidental sampling because the identity and population size were unknown. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis tools are used to produce a description of the results and analyze the relationship between the developments of Bali tourism destinations on tourist revisit intention. This research has been able to show that domestic tourists are also very important, even as important as foreign tourists. The limitation is research gap refers to the application rather than theory therefore this research can be used as educational material for tourism destination managers and including local governments to position and treat all types of tourists, both domestic and foreign tourists.
Performance of unmanned aerial vehicle with thermal imaging, camera trap, and transect survey for monitoring of wildlife
Authors: Rahman D A , Rahman A A A F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reliable monitoring to obtain ecological data on species is required for effective wildlife management and conservation. However, few monitoring methods are satisfactory in terms of accuracy of the wildlife data produced and cost-effectiveness. Several methods are developed in the last few decades such as camera traps, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with thermal infrared (TIR) imaging may have great potential as a tool for wildlife surveys. We assessed the performance of the camera trap, UAVs-TIR, and traditional ground-based transects survey to the monitoring of wildlife in the IPB University Campus. Camera traps provide the highest number of wildlife records (54 for 22,080 camera days) and allow the identification of several species. Transect survey provides poor records and the most time consuming (24 records for 1,380 h). UAVs-TIR was quite successful in detecting wild animals in the canopy of trees that were not detected by camera traps and transects survey (20 records for 2,208 h of fieldwork). Camera traps and UAVs-TIR are both expensive but they support the fieldwork and provide interesting and much data for further analysis. The use of camera traps and UAVs-TIR simultaneously improves the detection of terrestrial and canopy animals that are often overlooked by the ground observer.
Assessment of public open space management: case study of Siquijor Island, Philippines
Authors: Chavez E M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Public open space or POS is an area for people to be accessed. The physical elements of POS offer many benefits in improving the quality of life: health, social interaction, and economic value. This paper outlined the different management practices, quality, stakeholder involvement, and current challenges of selected POS in Siquijor. The researchers conducted key informant interviews among key local government officials, individuals from various municipalities. Focused group discussion was employed to determine vital issues and concerns. Study reveals that several management approaches were utilized for the selected POS. In general, local government units or LGUs of various municipalities directly operate and monitor the well-being of POS. Volunteers from residents surrounding POS takes an active role in the maintenance aspect, while business entity, non-governmental organizations, schools are among other stakeholders who joined the LGUs in maintaining the POS. However, these POS are faced with several challenges such as rapid development which tends to reduce their functions, the limited budget, the diminishing public interest among others. This study recommends that local government units shall endeavor a more active role in the preservation of POS by introducing various programs and activities that ensure the sustainability of POS.
A spatial study of mangrove ecosystems for abrasion prevention using remote sensing technology in the coastal area of Pandeglang Regency
Authors: Whidayanti E , Handayani T , Supriatna  , Manessa M D M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The coastal area of Pandeglang regency, which faces the Sunda Strait, is prone to natural disasters. Wave height and tides, including tsunami, are disasters that frequently hit the area. The mangrove ecosystem plays an importance role in reducing the abrasion that mostly caused by waves. In addition to preventing abrasion, the mangrove root system can hold sediment. So that it will expand the coastline or accretion. This study aims to determine the effect of the existence of mangrove ecosystems on changes in coastline, especially the occurrence of abrasion during 2010 to 2020. The research method uses remote sensing. Data collection uses Landsat 7 ETM+ in 2010, Landsat 8 OLI/TRS in 2015 and 2020. As a results, the mangrove ecosystem area along the coast of Pandeglang Regency had expanded from 1,632 ha in 2010 to 1728.06 ha in 2015 and decreased to 1,443.19 ha in 2020 due to the 2018 tsunami. Of course, it also affects the occurrence of abrasion, from 2010 to 2015 the abrasion occurrence affected 371.94 ha of coastline and decreased to 273.52 ha until 2020. Spatially, the largest post-tsunami abrasion occurred in the mangrove area of Cimanggu Sub-district, with about 28% of the mangrove area being reduced.
Evaluation of urban settlement sustainability in an inland municipality in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suprapto F A , Annisa I , Falensky M A , Alifiani R , Rustanto A , Putri D W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A sustainable human settlement and the environment are one of the SDGs 2030 programs to realize Sustainable Cities and Communities, which also one of Purwokerto municipality’s planning goals. Purwokerto is in the progress of the KOTAKU (City Without Slum) program to ensure a sustainable settlement for all. To help the program in the future, sustainable evaluation of the present settlement area based on physical, social, and economic parameters is required. The physical parameter was assessed using a combination of field observations and analysis of remote sensing images (Sentinel 2-A and Worldview). In contrast, the social and economic parameters were evaluated using secondary datasets and interviews. The urban settlement sustainability was determined by the scoring method using geographic information systems and spatial analysis. This study showed that 22.22% of the current total urban settlement area in Purwokerto had a good level of sustainability, while the rest, 48.15% and 29.63%, fell into the medium and poor category. The result indicates that most of the settlement area in Purwokerto municipality still needs to be improved in the future. Thus, urban settlement sustainability can be guaranteed through local government development programs along with local community participation.
Modeling of nutrient retention ecosystem services in oil palm plantations in Sei Jentikar sub-watershed using ISPO policy approach
Authors: Romadona K , Tarigan S D , Widiatmaka  , Setiawan Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Indonesia already has regulations on oil palm plantations that try to maintain good ecosystem services. The regulations are contained in ISPO. However, this regulation has not been fully implemented in oil palm plantations in Sei Jentikar sub-watershed. In this paper, we identify land cover and model N and P nutrient retention in oil palm plantations in the current condition and when ISPO is applied in Sei Jentikar sub-watershed. The method used was land cover identification using supervised classification and rivers using DEMNAS assisted by Google Earth Pro and modeling using the InVEST device. The identification results show the existing condition of oil palm plantation land covering an area of 16 962.99 ha. Meanwhile, when ISPO is applied in the oil palm plantation, the area that cannot be planted is 956.43 ha. This area has a predicted yield of around 2 226.41 tonnes/ha/year. Nutrient retention modeling results in N and P nutrient exports in existing conditions which will increase when approaching the river. Meanwhile, when scenario 2 is implemented, the export of nutrients will decrease in the buffer river. This shows scenario 2 can maintain ecosystem services nutrient retention, but will result in a reduction of value from oil palm production.
Effects of rainfall and groundwater level on soil subsidence, water content, and yield of oil palm
Authors: Adhi Y A , Mubarak H , Roland R , Utama P P , Tambusai N , Ismail I , Anwar S , Tarigan S D , Sahari B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Peatlands have long been cultivated for various agricultural crops in Indonesia. However, nowadays land fires are often associated with drained peatlands. We present a four-year study looking at the effects of groundwater level (GWL) on peat reduction, moisture content, and yield. Observations were made on oil palm plantations in tropical peatlands of Riau Province. GWL was observed in 417 plots of 139 blocks and recorded once a week. Peat moisture was monitored automatically and recorded every hour. Subsidence poles were made in 36 blocks and recorded once a month. The results showed that peat subsidence, water content, and yield were affected by GWL fluctuations. There is a relationship between GWL and changes in peat subsidence (R2 = 0.26). A strong relationship was seen between the GWL and the water content of the peat soil at the 10 cm layer (R2 = 0.65). A strong relationship was also found between GWL and oil palm yield 20 months later (R2 = 0.65). In conclusion, by maintaining GWL at a depth of 40-60 cm, peat moisture at the surface can be maintained, peat subsidence can be minimized and oil palm production remains high at an average of 22 tonnes year-1, thereby also reducing susceptibility to fire.
New association between Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and native natural enemies: Bioprospection of native natural enemies as biological control agents
Authors: Tawakkal M I , Buchori D , Maryana N , Pudjianto  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest that enters Indonesia which can pose a serious threat to the continued production of maize and other crops. This condition is exacerbated if there are no natural enemies who can control the pests. This study aims to explore potential native natural enemies to control the population of FAW in Indonesia and the influence of habitat conditions on the distribution and population of natural enemies. The research was conducted in seven sub-districts in Bogor and three plots were selected from each district. Observation of natural enemies was carried out directly by collecting samples of eggs and larvae of FAW which attacked maize with the transect method on 200 individual plants. The samples collected will be rearing until the parasitoids emerged. We Collected seven genera of parasitoids that were associated with FAW: Apanteles, Charops, Euplectrus, Microplitis, Telenomus, Trichogramma, and two types of predators: ground beetles and Assasin bug. The highest parasitization rate of egg parasitoid was 93.4% while for larvae parasitoid was 12.44%. In conclusion, Telenomus and Microplitis are native parasitoids that can be used as potential natural enemies to control the S. frugiperda population in the field.
Effects of rainforest transformation to monoculture cash crops on soil living ants (Formicidae) in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rizqulloh M N , Drescher J , Hartke T R , Potapov A , Scheu S , Hidayat P , Widyastuti R 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnts (Formicidae) are fundamental components of almost every terrestrial ecosystem, especially in the tropics. While epigaeic ants are extensively studied, hypogaeic, soil living ants are still neglected to a large extent. To remedy this, in this paper we explore the effects of rainforest transformation cash crop monocultures on abundance, richness and community composition of soil living ants (Formicidae). Ants in this study were procured as a by-product of extensive sampling of soil meso- and macrofauna along a land-use gradient from lowland rainforest via jungle rubber to monocultures of rubber and oil palm in Jami Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Sampled in 32 plots of 50 * 50 m each, with three 16 cm * 16 cm * 5 cm soil cores each, we collected 2.079 worker ant individuals, belonging to 90 morphospecies from 37 genera and six subfamilies. Land use had a significant effect on abundance and richness, while distance-based community composition was not affected. Cumulatively, lowland rainforest had the highest number of ant species exclusively living in it, and the highest average ant abundance, although multiple comparison tests did not detect significant differences. We also found highest species richness in the lowland rainforest in one of the two investigated landscapes, while not significantly different from the agricultural systems in the other. High abundance variances among the sample sites suggest inadequacy of the sampling method, however. Despite that, our study provides a first glimpse into hypogaeic ant community responses to rainforest conversion to cash crop monocultures in Sumatra, Indonesia.
MAKABUT (mangroves-bekantan-gambut): a solution for the development of integrated eco-tourism area in mangrove-proboscis monkey’s habitat in Batu Ampar, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan
Authors: Asy’Ari R , Putra M C A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Batu Ampar mangrove area, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan Province is a distinct swamp site for the endemic proboscis monkey’s habitat located in a micro-KHG (Peat Hydrological Unit) zone. The MAKABUT ecotourism presents an integrated development between water, intertidal areas and land through tourist attractions as a reflection of the unique characteristics of mangroves, proboscis monkeys and peat by incorporating the surrounding community as the environment-friendly and sustainable management solutions covering an area of 3049.20 ha. The methods for the development of the MAKABUT ecotourism area is a combination of suitability and carrying capacity analysis, Triple A analysis, and SWOT analysis. The MAKABUT ecotourism is feasible to be developed into an ecologically based, participatory and sustainable tourism area which results in a very suitable zone 923.41 ha and not suitable zone 2125.79 ha. Potential attractions for ecotourism in MAKABUT were Mangrove Hiking, Education Planting Ground, Mangrove Crab Cultivation, Mangrove Mania Fishing, Floating Restaurant, Mangrove Herping, Peat River Exploration, Proboscis Monkeys Observation, and Birding. The MAKABUT ecotourism area have been planned for 23 units of facilities and infrastructures. The main strategies for developing MAKABUT ecotourism area was the management clearance for institutional strengthening, facilities and infrastructure development, and human resources empowerment.
Daily accumulation rates of marine litter in Pulau Rambut Wildlife Sanctuary, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Ivonie R N , Mardiastuti A , Rahman D A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Studies showed that the amount of marine litter is linked with unmanaged litter entering the ocean. Some marine litter could be stranded on small uninhabited islands, including on Pulau Rambut (25 ha), a wildlife sanctuary for waterbirds that consists of mangroves, beaches, and forests located near Jakarta Bay, where 13 rivers from Jakarta ended in the bay. The aim of this study was to identify the daily accumulation of marine litter (classified into non-organic and organic) that is stranded and trapped on this island. Shoreline surveys for the sandy beach (25 m x 7 m plot) and beach forest (25 cm x 6 cm), as well as visual surveys for mangroves (20 m x 4 m; 2 plots), were employed, repeated for 9 times within 17 days. Of 14,610 litter items collected, 14,585 items were non-organic, dominated by foam and plastic. The accumulation rates were 433,5 items/day for non-organic litter and 0,5 items/day for organic litter. The sandy beach and beach forest accumulated higher marine litters compared to mangroves.
Do morning and afternoon bird surveys have the same results? A case of bird survey in Dramaga Campus, IPB University, Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho S P A , Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A , Rahman D A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
During bird surveys using the point count technique, observers assume that early morning and late afternoon observations will have the same result. This assumption is rarely tested prior to the field observation. This paper’s objective was to compare morning and afternoon bird counts in Dramaga Campus, IPB University. Bird data were collected at 6-8 am and 3-5 pm using a standard point count method in four different habitat types: forest, riparian, plantation, and built-up areas. The number of species, bird abundance, as well as Shannon indices (H’) and their corresponding t-tests were calculated. There were 52 bird species found in all habitat types. Time-wise, the number of species found was very similar (morning: 47 species, afternoon: 46 species). H’ in all habitat types were slightly differed between both times, non-significant by t-tests (H’ in morning and afternoon: forest 2.64, 2.66; plantation 2.33, 2.34; built-up area 2.43, 2,55; riparian 2.38, 2.30; t-test values were 0.28, 0.17, 1.42, 0.52, P>0.05 for all comparisons). Bird abundance was also similar between morning and afternoon counts. Based on this result, the assumption that morning observation is the same as afternoon observation can be accepted as a replication of bird survey in the study area.
The distribution of marine debris and microplastic in Tidung Kecil Island, Jakarta Bay and Sembilang National Park, Palembang
Authors: Sulistiowati  , Zamani N P , Ismet M S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plastic waste is one of the marine debris that has negative impacts on the marine environment, such as the death of biota and disturbing the beauty of nature. Plastics can degrade into microplastics. Microplastics in the marine environment can be found in waters and sediments, so they can enter the biota through the food chain. The research aims to examine the distribution of marine debris and microplastics on small islands (Tidung Kecil, Jakarta Bay) and the mainland (Sembilang National Park, South Sumatra). The total marine debris on Tidung Kecil Island (4.04 kg/m2) was greater than that of Sembilang National Plants (0.71 kg/m2). The average abundance of microplastics in the larger size area is greater than in small islands. This is because the substrate is predominantly clayey and muddy with a relatively calm environment, while on small islands the substrate is sand with a dynamic environment. The amount of marine debris found did not correlate with the abundance of microplastics.
Distribution and population estimate of grizzled leaf monkeys in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Abimanyu T L , Mardiastuti A , Prasetyo L B , Iskandar E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Grizzled leaf monkey (Presbytis comata) or javan surili is an endemic primate species to Java. This species is categorized as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Data on population and distribution is still limited, especially in Central Java. Research on the population distribution of grizzled leaf monkey was carried out at the southern slope of Mount Slamet in Central Java. This research was aiming to explore the distribution and population estimate of grizzled leaf monkeys in the research area. Data were collected by using line transects (9 transects, 2 km length, 50 m wide, 6 repetitions) at 600-1200 m asl). The grizzled leaf monkeys were found in 9 transects. There were 72 individuals, consisted of 19 groups, with a population density of approximately 1.96 individuals/km2 for the estimated population. Habitat types used by the monkeys were secondary forest (53%), primary forest (40%), or crop farm (7%), on elevation range between 900-1000 m asl.