bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA FINANCIACIÓN DE LAS DESTINATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS EN LOS PRINCIPALES DESTINOS DEL MUNDO. UN ANÁLISIS DESDE LA PERCEPCIÓN DE SUS GESTORES
Authors: Carrillo Hidalgo Isabel , Pulido Fernández Juan Ignacio 
Published: June 2021

En la actualidad, una de las fórmulas de gestión de destinos consideradas como más adecuadas para garantizar el desarrollo sostenible y competitivo del turismo son las DMO público-privadas. Sin embargo, la gestión del turismo a través de DMO público-privadas no es una cuestión extendida, ni siquiera en las ciudades más visitadas del mundo.
Este tipo de entidades debe caracterizarse por una menor dependencia del sector público a nivel organizativo, presupuestario y de toma de decisiones, considerándose como una alternativa para dar solución al problema de financiación al que se enfrenta la gestión de los destinos.
Por ello, resulta interesante conocer cómo se financian las DMO de algunas de las ciudades más visitadas del mundo, valorando así su idoneidad de acuerdo con lo establecido por la literatura científica. Así como tratar de entender la razón de su comportamiento, estudiando si tienen asumidas las ventajas e inconvenientes de las diferentes fuentes de financiación.
Currently, one of the management destinations formulas considered as the most adequate to guarantee the sustainable and competitive development of tourism are public-private DMO. However, tourism management through public-private DMO is not a widespread issue, even in all the most visited cities in the world.
This type of entities must be characterized by a lower dependence on the public sector at an organizational, budgetary and decision-making level, being considered as an alternative to solve the financing problem faced by destination management.
Therefore, it is interesting to know how the DMO of the most visited cities in the world are financed, thus assessing their suitability according to what is established by the scientific literature. As well as trying to understand the reason of their behavior, studying whether they have assumed the advantages and disadvantages of different sources of funding.
LA INVISIBILIZACIÓN DEL MOVIMIENTO ZAPATISTA ACTUAL EN EL TURISMO DE LOS ALTOS DE CHIAPAS
Authors: Viera Bravo Patricia , López López Álvaro 
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se analizan los principales factores que han operado en la invisibilización del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) en los circuitos turísticos de Los Altos de Chiapas, mismos que se han beneficiado de la notoriedad mundial lograda por el levantamiento de 1994. Se plantean como factores relevantes el cerco militar y en las comunicaciones impuesto por el Estado mexicano como parte de su estrategia contrainsurgente, así como la producción social de nuevos espacios centrales como parte de la propuesta autonómica zapatista, que se articulan en relaciones alternativas entre comunidades y con redes de apoyo externas.
This article analyzes the main factors at work in the erasure of the Ejercito Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) from the tourist circuits of Los Altos de Chiapas, a region that gained worldwide notoriety after the indigenous uprising of January 1, 1994. An evaluation of both the Zapatista autonomic proposals and the State’s counterinsurgency measures is carried out, including the effects of the military and communications encirclement imposed by the Mexican State, and the social production of new central spaces, as part of alternative community projects with external support networks.
MADRID, NUEVO NORTE”, UN PROYECTO CONTRA LA COVID-19: EL TURISMO COMO OPORTUNIDAD
Authors: Sotelo Pérez Ignacio , Sotelo Pérez María , Sotelo Navalpotro José Antonio 
Published: June 2021

La historia urbanística que ha dado paso al denominado como “Madrid, Nuevo Norte” comienza a finales del siglo pasado, cuando se estudia programar para la estación de Chamartín y sus alrededores, una remodelación exhaustiva. Finalmente, este planteamiento, no consiguió que tuviera el suficiente reconocimiento institucional para que se llevara a cabo un plan urbanístico que resolviera la situación en la que se encontraba unos terrenos, y en unos suelos que comprendían la conocida como “Área de Planeamiento Específico (APE 08.03), Prolongación de la Castellana” (hoy “Madrid, Nuevo Norte”). A lo largo del presente estudio nos aproximamos, tal y como podemos comprobar en las variables integrantes de la Metodología desarrollada, los espacios residuales que forman parte de los Lost spaces, que predominan en este espacio geográfico. Punto de partida de ulteriores investigaciones en las que la referencia deben ser las actividades turísticas que se generarán en la que podríamos denominar etapa posterior a la “Covid-19”.
The urban history that has given way to the so-called “Madrid, New North” begins at the end of the last century when around the nineties, a comprehensive remodeling that completely transforms its appearance is being studied for the Madrid Chamartín station and its surroundings. Finally, this approach did not achieve, for various reasons, that it had sufficient institutional recognition for an urban plan to be carried out to resolve the situation in which there was some land that occupied about three million square meters, and on soils that comprised the so-called “Specific Planning Area (APE 08.03), Castellana Extension”; and whose operation to be more exact would be commonly known as “Operation Chamartín”; which later would be renamed with the name that currently remains of “Madrid, Nuevo Norte”. Throughout this study we approach As we can see in the variables that make up the Methodology developed and applied, the residual spaces that are part of the Lost spaces (formless and useless anti spaces) predominate in this geographic space. It is a no-man's-land along the edges of the highways, whose conservation nobody cares about, and which nobody uses. Starting point for further research in which the reference should be the tourist activities that will be generated in what we could call the post-Covid-19 stage.
Knowledge gaps hamper understanding the relationship between fragmentation and biodiversity loss: the case of Atlantic Forest fruit-feeding butterflies
Authors: Sobral-Souza Thadeu , Stropp Juliana , Santos Jessie Pereira , Prasniewski Victor Mateus , Szinwelski Neucir , Vilela Bruno , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Hortal Joaquín 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundA key challenge for conservation biology in the Neotropics is to understand how deforestation affects biodiversity at various levels of landscape fragmentation. Addressing this challenge requires expanding the coverage of known biodiversity data, which remain to date restricted to a few well-surveyed regions. Here, we assess the sampling coverage and biases in biodiversity data on fruit-feeding butterflies at the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, discussing their effect on our understanding of the relationship between forest fragmentation and biodiversity at a large-scale. We hypothesize that sampling effort is biased towards large and connected fragments, which occur jointly in space at the Atlantic forest.MethodsWe used a comprehensive dataset of Atlantic Forest fruit-feeding butterfly communities to test for sampling biases towards specific geographical areas, climate conditions and landscape configurations.ResultsWe found a pattern of geographical aggregation of sampling sites, independently of scale, and a strong sampling bias towards large and connected forest fragments, located near cities and roads. Sampling gaps are particularly acute in small and disconnected forest fragments and rare climate conditions. In contrast, currently available data can provide a fair picture of fruit-feeding butterfly communities in large and connected Atlantic Forest remnants.DiscussionBiased data hamper the inference of the functional relationship between deforestation and biodiversity at a large-scale, since they are geographically clustered and have sampling gaps in small and disconnected fragments. These data are useful to inform decision-makers regarding conservation efforts to curb biodiversity loss in the Atlantic Forest. Thus, we suggest to expand sampling effort to small and disconnected forest fragments, which would allow more accurate evaluations of the effects of landscape modification.
Cucumber production and the economic revenues under various nitrogen applications in an unheated solar greenhouse on the North China Plain
Authors: Liu Haijun , Yuan Baozhong , Hu Xiaodong , Yin Congyan , Tang Xiaopei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe over‐application of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) with nitrogen (N) fertilizers grown in greenhouses can produce adverse environmental consequences. In this study, a five‐season experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2018 to determine the influence of N rate on N use and economic returns. The experiment contained traditional N application under furrow irrigation (CK) and three N rates with drip irrigation, they are 100, 75, and 50% N applied in the check, referring to T100, T75, and T50, respectively. However, the irrigation rates in drip irrigation were approximately 40% lower than the check. The N losses from gas emission and leaching nitrate accounted for approximately 70% of the applied N when the traditional N rate was applied (CK and T100); however, the loss reduced to 12% in the T50 treatment. The highest cucumber production was found in the T100 treatment, which was 6.1 and 9.4% higher than the T75 and T50 treatments, respectively. The highest net revenue was found in the T100 treatment, followed by the CK (–5.8%), T75 (–7.6%), and T50 (–9.4%) treatments. The highest N productivity and economically applied N productivity were found in the T50 treatment, which were approximately 60% higher than those in the T100 and CK treatments. Fully considering the economic benefit, N productivity and environmental protection, the local N application for cucumber cultivation in greenhouses on the North China Plain (NCP) can be reduced by 50% with drip irrigation system.
Neonatal DNA methylation and childhood low prosocial behavior: An epigenome‐wide association meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo Mannan , Meehan Alan J. , Walton Esther , Röder Stefan , Herberth Gunda , Zenclussen Ana C. , Cosín‐Tomás Marta , Sunyer Jordi , Mulder Rosa H. , Cortes Hidalgo Andrea P. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Felix Janine F. , Relton Caroline , Suderman Matthew , Pappa Irene , Kok Rianne , Tiemeier Henning , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Barker Edward D. , Cecil Charlotte A. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLow prosocial behavior in childhood has been consistently linked to later psychopathology, with evidence supporting the influence of both genetic and environmental factors on its development. Although neonatal DNA methylation (DNAm) has been found to prospectively associate with a range of psychological traits in childhood, its potential role in prosocial development has yet to be investigated. This study investigated prospective associations between cord blood DNAm at birth and low prosocial behavior within and across four longitudinal birth cohorts from the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium. We examined (a) developmental trajectories of “chronic‐low” versus “typical” prosocial behavior across childhood in a case–control design (N = 2,095), and (b) continuous “low prosocial” scores at comparable cross‐cohort time‐points (N = 2,121). Meta‐analyses were performed to examine differentially methylated positions and regions. At the cohort‐specific level, three CpGs were found to associate with chronic low prosocial behavior; however, none of these associations was replicated in another cohort. Meta‐analysis revealed no epigenome‐wide significant CpGs or regions. Overall, we found no evidence for associations between DNAm patterns at birth and low prosocial behavior across childhood. Findings highlight the importance of employing multi‐cohort approaches to replicate epigenetic associations and reduce the risk of false positive discoveries.
Ranging and territoriality in red‐shanked doucs (Pygathrix nemaeus) at Son Tra Nature Reserve, Vietnam
Authors: Ulibarri Lawrence R. , Gartland Kylen N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe home ranges of odd‐nosed colobines as reported by a number of studies can vary greatly both within and between taxa. Evaluating Pygathrix, particularly within the context of the odd‐nosed colobines, has proven challenging due to the comparable dearth of published data on all three species—Pygathrix nigripes, Pygathrix cinerea, and Pygathrix nemaeus. This dearth has also proven challenging when assessing territoriality within Pygathrix and contextualizing this behavior to odd‐nosed colobines. For this study, we set out to assess home range, daily path length, and territoriality in a population of P. nemaeus at Son Tra Nature Reserve in Vietnam. We collected a total of 259 h of behavioral data using 10‐min focal follows with 1‐min instantaneous scans, including GPS recordings for each follow. We collected phenology and weather data, which were then used with Pearson's correlations to test whether ecological factors influenced variation in ranging or daily path length at both the monthly and seasonal levels. Finally, we used the Mitani‐Rodman defendability index to assess territoriality in P. nemaeus. We found that our population of P. nemaeus had a home range of 36.00 ha with a core area of 8.02 ha and an average daily path length of 509.11 ± 244.87 m. Daily path length was correlated to precipitation such that daily path lengths were shorter during increases in rainfall (r(17) = 0.52, p = .03). These measures resulted in a defendability index of 0.75, suggesting that the population of P. nemaus on Son Tra does not travel far enough each day to actively defend territorial borders.
Environmental and individual determinants of fecal avoidance in semi‐free ranging woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii)
Authors: Philippon Justine , Serrano‐Martínez Enrique , Poirotte Clémence 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesParasite selection pressures have driven the evolution of numerous behavioral defenses in host species, but recent studies revealed individual variation in their expression. As little is known about the factors causing heterogeneity among individuals in infection‐avoidance behaviors, we investigated in woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii) the influence of several environmental and individual characteristics on the tendency to avoid food contaminated by soil and by their own and conspecifics' feces.Materials and methodsWe conducted feeding tests on 40 semi‐free ranging individuals rescued from the pet trade. Using generalized linear mixed models, we investigated the effect of season, sex, age, dominance rank, and exposure to non‐natural living conditions on feeding decisions.ResultsWoolly monkeys did not avoid soil‐contaminated food and equally avoided food contaminated by their own and conspecifics' feces. Individuals varied greatly in their level of fecal avoidance. Only females exhibited strong avoidance of fecally contaminated food, but adapted their behavior to food availability, highlighting the trade‐off between nutritional intake and parasite avoidance. Additionally, low‐ranking females, less competitive over food resources, exhibited lower avoidance than dominant ones. Juveniles were more cautious than adults, possibly to compensate for a higher parasite susceptibility. Finally, we reported an unknown effect of exposure to non‐natural living conditions on behavioral defenses, as animals kept as household pets for an extended period apparently lost their ability to avoid fecally contaminated food.ConclusionWe argue that striving to understand variation in infection‐avoidance behaviors in natural populations is crucial to predict disease spread and inform conservation policies.
“There is a gorilla holding a key on the book cover”: Young children's known picture book search strategies
Authors: Wang Pianran , Ma Yue , Xie Huan , Wang Hanqing , Lu Jinyi , Xu Jianhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is no information search system can assist young children's known picture book search needs since the information is not organized according to their cognitive abilities and needs. Therefore, this study explored young children's known picture book search strategies and extracted picture book search elements by simulating a search scenario and playing a picture book search game. The study found 29 elements children used to search for known picture books. Then, these elements are classified into three dimensions: The first dimension is the concept category of an element. The second dimension is an element's status in the story. The third dimension indicates where an element appears in a picture book. Additionally, it revealed a young children's general search strategy: Children first use auditory elements that they hear from the adults during reading. After receiving error returns, they add visual elements that they see by themselves in picture books. The findings can not only help to understand young children's known‐item search and reformulation strategies during searching but also provide theoretical support for the development of a picture book information organization schema in the search system.
Robust prescribed‐time consensus of multi‐agent systems with actuator saturation and actuator faults
Authors: Zhou Yingjiang , Li Cheng , Jiang Guo‐Ping , Liu Jingyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrescribed‐time leader‐following consensus problem of multi‐agent systems with actuator saturation is considered in this paper. With the proposed protocol, the convergence time can be assigned off‐line, and actuator saturation problem is solved. A prescribed‐time disturbance and actuator faults observer is designed to estimate the disturbance and actuator faults. At last, numerical simulations show the efficiency of the observer and controller.
Process development for cross‐flow diafiltration‐based VLP disassembly: A novel high‐throughput screening approach
Authors: Hillebrandt Nils , Vormittag Philipp , Dietrich Annabelle , Wegner Christina H. , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVirus‐like particles (VLPs) are particulate structures, which are applied as vaccines or delivery vehicles. VLPs assemble from subunits, named capsomeres, composed of recombinantly expressed viral structural proteins. During downstream processing, in vivo‐assembled VLPs are typically dis‐ and reassembled to remove encapsulated impurities and to improve particle morphology. Disassembly is achieved in a high‐pH solution and by the addition of a denaturant or reducing agent. The optimal disassembly conditions depend on the VLP amino acid sequence and structure, thus requiring material‐consuming disassembly experiments. To this end, we developed a low‐volume and high‐resolution disassembly screening that provides time‐resolved insight into the VLP disassembly progress. In this study, two variants of C‐terminally truncated hepatitis B core antigen were investigated showing different disassembly behaviors. For both VLPs, the best capsomere yield was achieved at moderately high urea concentration and pH. Nonetheless, their disassembly behaviors differed particularly with respect to disassembly rate and aggregation. Based on the high‐throughput screening results, a diafiltration‐based disassembly process step was developed. Compared with mixing‐based disassembly, it resulted in higher yields of up to 0.84 and allowed for integrated purification. This process step was embedded in a filtration‐based process sequence of disassembly, capsomere separation, and reassembly, considerably reducing high‐molecular‐weight species.
Characterization of an Acidic Polysaccharides from Carrot and Its Hepatoprotective Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Kong Xiangying , Liang Wei , Li Xinyue , Qiu Meng , Xu Wenjun , Chen Hongman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe characteristics of acidic polysaccharides extracted from Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm were investigated and its hepatoprotective effects on alcoholic liver injury were determined in the mice model. A carrot polysaccharide (CPS‐I: Carrot polysaccharide‐I) with the molecular weight of 3.40×104 kDa was isolated from Daucus carota L. and purified by diethylaminoethyl‐52 and Sephadex G‐150 column chromatography. The components were analyzed by HPLC, which revealed that CPS‐I consisted of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, and galactose at a relative ratio of 1 : 3.16 : 1.13 : 5.53 : 3.45 : 7.76. Structural characterization analysis suggested that CPS‐I was mainly composed of →6)‐β‐D‐Galp‐(1→ and →5)‐α‐L‐Araf‐(1→. The hepatoprotective effect of CPS‐I was evaluated by alcoholic liver injury mice model.The results showed that the administration of CPS‐I (300 mg/kg/day) alleviated the alcoholic liver injury in mice by increasing the levels of ADH and ALDH and reducing oxidative stress. CPS‐I ameliorated the pathological changes of liver characterized by lipid accumulation, and reduced the number of lipid droplets.
Procedural planning of CS‐based indirect mitral annuloplasty using CT‐angiography
Authors: Rottländer Dennis , Gödde Miriel , Degen Hubertus , Ögütcü Alev , Saal Martin , Haude Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesCoronary sinus (CS) based mitral annuloplasty using the Carillon device could be limited by compromise of the left circumflex artery (Cx).BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) might be a feasible tool for preprocedural planning of indirect mitral valve annuloplasty.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis, 25 patients underwent Carillon device implantation and received CT‐angiography (CTA) analysis prior to CS based percutaneous mitral valve repair. We used a retrospective approach with preprocedural CTA and intraprocedural coronary sinus angiography (CSA) measurements to determine the CS to Cx distance at the occlusion or compression point or in the distal landing zone in absence of Cx compromise.ResultsAccording to left coronary artery angiography, we identified 7 patients with Cx occlusion, 7 with Cx compression and 11 without Cx compromise. No difference in minimal CS to Cx distance between the three groups could be obtained. Also, neither distal CS diameter nor distal Carillon anchor size were related to Cx impingement. However, ROC analysis identified a CS to Cx distance of <8.6 mm specifically in the distal device landing zone to predict Cx compromise. Furthermore, CTA was accurate in assessing device length in comparison to CSA, but failed predicting Carillon device anchor size.ConclusionsCTA derived CS to Cx distance in the device landing zone might be helpful to predict Cx occlusion during Carillon device implantation. Furthermore, CTA predicted CS length but not anchor size correctly. Therefore, CT‐angiographic procedural planning might help improving the results of percutaneous CS‐based mitral valve repair.