bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Living Labs: how to enable inclusive transdisciplinary research?
Authors: Laborgne Pia , Ekille Epongue , Wendel Jochen , Pierce Andrea , Heyder Monika , Suchomska Joanna , Nichersu Iulian , Balaican Dragos , Ślebioda Krzysztof , Wróblewski Michał , Goszczynski Wojciech 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Urban Living Lab (ULL) approach has the potential to create
enabling environments for social learning and to be a successful arena for innovative local collaboration in knowledge co-creation and experimentation in the context of research and practice in sustainability transitions. Nevertheless, complex issues such as the urban Food-Water-Energy (FWE) Nexus present a challenge to the realization of such ULL, especially regarding their inclusiveness.We present ULL as a frame for a local knowledge co-creation and participation approach based on the project "Creating Interfaces - Building capacity for integrated governance at the Food-Water-Energy-nexus in cities on the water". This project aims at making FWE Nexus linkages better understandable to the stakeholders (citizens and associations, city government, science, businesses), and to facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange among them. This paper focuses on and discusses inclusiveness as a key aspect and challenge of ULLs and on what literature and our experiences in this regard suggest for the advancement of the concept of ULL towards ULL 2.0. These findings often also relate to framing transdisciplinary research in a wider sense.
Evaluation of cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder in remission
Authors: Ali Mustafa , Fahmy Magda , Haggag Wafaa , El-Tantawy Ashraf , Hassan Haydy 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Cognitive symptoms are one of the core symptoms of depressive disorders with a bearing effect on functional outcomes. Cognitive symptoms, including poor concentration and difficulty making decisions, are one of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. This study was designed to evaluate cognitive deficits in a sample of adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in remission. A cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of MDD in remission state. In addition, 60 normal subjects with matched age, sex, and educational level were compared with the patients group. Participants in both patients and control groups were subjected to clinical assessment using Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview plus (MINI-plus), assessment of cognitive functions using Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) short form, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).

Results
There were statistically significant differences between patients and control groups regarding cognitive function. The patients group scored less in visual memory, verbal memory, attention/concentration, and psychomotor speed. They also performed poorly regarding executive functions. But there was no statistically significant difference between the patients and control groups regarding sustained attention and visuospatial function. No significant correlations did exist between age at onset of MDD and the duration of illness with different domains of cognitive function except for figural memory of WMS-R and categories completed of Wisconsin card sorting test.

Conclusion
Patients with MDD in remission experienced deficits in several cognitive functions when compared to matched control subjects. The cognitive functions do not reach normal levels of performance, particularly in visual memory and executive functioning with remission of depressive symptoms.
Cross-legged sitting posture effect on lumbar proprioception in young adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Karkousha Rania N. , Mohamed Aseel Rasheed , Ibrahim Amal H. M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The cross-legged sitting posture (CLS) is assumed by young adults’ results in a bent and unbalanced posture. The study purpose was to assess the effect of sitting in a cross-legged position (knee on knee) on lumbar proprioception. Thirty-six participants of both genders aged from 18 to 25 were selected and divided equally into group A who adapt to a cross-legged sitting posture and group B who adapt to erect sitting (not prefer cross-legged sitting). The Biodex System 3 pro isokinetic dynamometer was utilized to assess the lumbar proprioception by testing the lumbar region repositioning accuracy.

Results
The lumbar repositioning error of group A increased statistically significantly as compared to group B (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Cross-legged sitting posture negatively affects lumbar proprioception compared with participants who adapt to erect sitting, and this effect should be considered in the avoidance of sitting in a cross-legged position and in prevention and intervention programs of lumbar proprioception impairment.
End-to-End Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Prognostication Using Deep Learning Applied to Pretreatment Computed Tomography
Authors: Torres Felipe Soares , Akbar Shazia , Raman Srinivas , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Schmidt Carola , Hosny Ahmed , Baldauf-Lenschen Felix , Leighl Natasha B. 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSEClinical TNM staging is a key prognostic factor for patients with lung cancer and is used to inform treatment and monitoring. Computed tomography (CT) plays a central role in defining the stage of disease. Deep learning applied to pretreatment CTs may offer additional, individualized prognostic information to facilitate more precise mortality risk prediction and stratification.METHODSWe developed a fully automated imaging-based prognostication technique (IPRO) using deep learning to predict 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year mortality from pretreatment CTs of patients with stage I-IV lung cancer. Using six publicly available data sets from The Cancer Imaging Archive, we performed a retrospective five-fold cross-validation using pretreatment CTs of 1,689 patients, of whom 1,110 were diagnosed with non–small-cell lung cancer and had available TNM staging information. We compared the association of IPRO and TNM staging with patients' survival status and assessed an Ensemble risk score that combines IPRO and TNM staging. Finally, we evaluated IPRO's ability to stratify patients within TNM stages using hazard ratios (HRs) and Kaplan-Meier curves.RESULTSIPRO showed similar prognostic power (concordance index [C-index] 1-year: 0.72, 2-year: 0.70, 5-year: 0.68) compared with that of TNM staging (C-index 1-year: 0.71, 2-year: 0.71, 5-year: 0.70) in predicting 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year mortality. The Ensemble risk score yielded superior performance across all time points (C-index 1-year: 0.77, 2-year: 0.77, 5-year: 0.76). IPRO stratified patients within TNM stages, discriminating between highest- and lowest-risk quintiles in stages I (HR: 8.60), II (HR: 5.03), III (HR: 3.18), and IV (HR: 1.91).CONCLUSIONDeep learning applied to pretreatment CT combined with TNM staging enhances prognostication and risk stratification in patients with lung cancer.
Seasonal cellular stress phenomena and phenotypic plasticity in land snail Helix lucorum populations from different altitudes
Authors: Staikou Alexandra , Feidantsis Konstantinos , Gkanatsiou Ourania , Bibos Modestos Nakos , Hatziioannou Marianthi , Storey Kenneth B. , Michaelidis Basile 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Temperature, a major abiotic environmental factor, regulates various physiological functions in land snails and therefore determines their biogeographical distribution. Thus, species with different distributions may present different thermal tolerance limits. Additionally, the intense reactivation of snail metabolic rate upon arousal from hibernation or estivation may provoke stress. Land snails, Helix lucorum, display a wide altitudinal distribution resulting in populations being exposed to different seasonal temperature variations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps), mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and proteins that are related to apoptosis (Bcl-2, ubiquitin), that have ‘cytoprotective’ roles and are also considered to be reliable indicators of stress because of their crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. These proteins were assessed in H. lucorum individuals from two different populations, one at Axios (sea level, 0 m) and the other at Kokkinopilos (Olympus, 1250 m), as well as after mutual population exchanges, in order to find out whether the different responses of these stress-related proteins depend solely on the environmental temperature. The results showed seasonally altered levels in all studied proteins in the hepatopancreas and foot of snails, both among different populations and between the same populations exposed to varying altitudes. However, individuals of the same population in their native habitat or acclimatized to a different habitat showed a relatively similar pattern of expression, supporting the induction of the specific proteins according to the life history of each species.
Fe-MOF-235 as an Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Jiangtao , Fu Lin , Peng Xuegang , Pei Tong , Gao Zhihua , Huang Wei , Zuo Zhijun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is studied on four kinds of Fe-based MOFs (Fe-MOF-235, Fe-MIL-101, Fe-MIL-88B and Fe-MIL-53) synthesized by solvothermal method using FeCl3·6H2O and terephthalic acid as precursors. Among them, Fe-MOF-235 exhibited optimal activity with the overpotential of 255 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, and a small Tafel slope of 33.1 mV·dec−1. However, OER activity of the catalyst decreases, when the skeleton structure of Fe-MOF-235 is destroyed after calcination. It is found that the outstanding OER performance of Fe-MOF-235 may be due to abundant active sites and faster charge transport kinetics afforded by the complete skeleton structure of Fe-MOF-235, and it also shows excellent stability during 70 h electrochemical testing. Therefore, Fe-MOF-235 can be directly used as an efficient OER catalyst.
Health Problems & Barriers to Healthcare Services for the Transgender Community in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Iram , Khan Zartasha Hanan , Tariq Rafia , Shahzad Rijah 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To find out the major health problems and barriers in getting health care by transgender community in Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in transgender community of Lahore from January to October 2020. The study included 214 participants from different areas of Lahore by targeting their “gurus”. Non-probability, snow-ball sampling technique was used to collect required sample size. Data was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results were generated in form of tables and graphs. Chi square test and Fischer’s exact test were used to find out associations between health seeking behavior with their transgender status and p value was fixed as ≤ 0.05 as significant.
Results: Among total 214, 78.5% were transgender females and 21.5% were transgender male. Among the common health problems were depression (56%), anxiety (59%) and genital tract ulcers (45%). About 70% transgender seek health care from government hospitals. Among total 214 participants, 70% reported that they receive poor quality of health care. The main reasons of not getting proper care is non acceptance (20.7%), feeling ashamed (28.7%), non-availability of CNIC (44.5%) and un-affordability (6.1%). Significant association of transgender female with consultation with doctors (p=0.013), seeking care at government hospitals (p =0.038) poor experience at health care facility (0.050), neglect during medical treatment (p=0.015) and feeling of discrimination during treatment (p= 0.042).
Conclusion: Transgender community face physical, mental, social and reproductive health issues. About 70% trans-genders receive poor quality of health care services. Non acceptance, feeling ashamed, non-availability of CNIC and non-affordability have been reported as major barriers in getting desired health care.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4375
How to cite this:Manzoor I, Khan ZH, Tariq R, Shahzad R. Health Problems & Barriers to Healthcare Services for the Transgender Community in Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):138-144. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4375
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Patient safety attitudes of frontline healthcare workers in Lahore: A multicenter study
Authors: Akram Javed , Azhar Shehnoor , Khan Khalid Saeed , Aman Arifa 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To evaluate patient safety attitudes of the frontline health workers in hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A self-administered Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) survey was deployed in five hospitals across Lahore, Pakistan (July 2019 to June 2020). A total of 1250 consecutive consenting nurses and postgraduate trainee physicians of under five years working experience were recruited. Assessment for each of the six subdomains (teamwork climate, safety climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition, perception of management, working conditions) was done on a 0-100 scale. Multivariate analyses examined their relationship with job cadre (nurses and physicians), duration of respondents’ work experience (< 2 years, 3 - 4 years, > 4 years), and hospital sector (private and public).
Results: The response rate was 97% (1212 individuals; 765 nurses, 447 physicians). Nurses scored less than physicians in teamwork climate (-2.4, 95% CI -4.5 – -0.2, p=0.02) and stress recognition (-10.6, 95% CI -13.5 – -7.7, p<0.001), but more in perception of management (4.2, 95% CI 1.5 – 6.8, p=0.002) and working conditions (3.4, 95% CI 0.66 – 6.2, p=0.01). Increasing work experience was related to greater scores in all subdomains. Private hospitals scored generally higher than public ones.
Conclusion: Duration of job experience was positively correlated with patient safety attitudes of hospital staff. These finding could serve as the baseline to shape staff perceptions by cadre in both public and private sector hospitals.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4964
How to cite this:Arkam J, Azhar S, Khan KS, Aman A. Patient safety attitudes of frontline healthcare workers in Lahore: A multicenter study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):40-46. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4964
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MUC4 is not expressed in cell lines used for live cell imaging
Authors: Athmane Naouel , Williamson Iain , Boyle Shelagh , Biddie Simon C. , Bickmore Wendy A. 
Published: November 2021

Background: The ability to visualise specific mammalian gene loci in living cells is important for understanding the dynamic processes linked to transcription. However, some of the tools used to target mammalian genes for live cell imaging, such as dCas9, have been reported to themselves impede processes linked to transcription. The MUC4 gene is a popular target for live cell imaging studies due to the repetitive nature of sequences within some exons of this gene. Methods: We set out to compare the impact of dCas9 and TALE-based imaging tools on MUC4 expression, including in human cell lines previously reported as expressing MUC4. Results: We were unable to detect MUC4 mRNA in these cell lines. Moreover, analysis of publicly available data for histone modifications associated with transcription, and data for transcription itself, indicate that neither MUC4, nor any of the mucin gene family are significantly expressed in the cell lines where dCas9 targeting has been reported to repress MUC4 and MUC1 expression, or in the cell lines where dCas13 has been used to report MUC4 RNA detection in live cells. Conclusions: Methods for visualising specific gene loci and gene transcripts in live human cells are very challenging. Our data suggest that care should be given to the choice of the most appropriate cell lines for these analyses and that orthogonal methods of assaying gene expression be carefully compared.
Engineering Social Learning: Information Design of Time-Locked Sales Campaigns for Online Platforms
Authors: Küçükgül Can , Özer Özalp , Wang Shouqiang 
Published: November 2021

Many online platforms offer time-locked sales campaigns, whereby products are sold at fixed prices for prespecified lengths of time. Platforms often display some information about previous customers’ purchase decisions during campaigns. Using a dynamic Bayesian persuasion framework, we study how a revenue-maximizing platform should optimize its information policy for such a setting. We reformulate the platform’s problem equivalently by reducing the dimensionality of its message space and proprietary history. Specifically, three messages suffice: a neutral recommendation that induces a customer to make her purchase decision according to her private signal about the product and a positive (respectively (resp.), negative) recommendation that induces her to purchase (resp., not purchase) by ignoring her signal. The platform’s proprietary history can be represented by the net purchase position, a single-dimensional summary statistic that computes the cumulative difference between purchases and nonpurchases made by customers having received the neutral recommendation. Subsequently, we establish structural properties of the optimal policy and uncover the platform’s fundamental trade-off: long-term information (and revenue) generation versus short-term revenue extraction. Further, we propose and optimize over a class of heuristic policies. The optimal heuristic policy provides only neutral recommendations up to a cutoff customer and provides only positive or negative recommendations afterward, with the recommendation being positive if and only if the net purchase position after the cutoff customer exceeds a threshold. This policy is easy to implement and numerically shown to perform well. Finally, we demonstrate the generality of our methodology and the robustness of our findings by relaxing some informational assumptions. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Development and Testing of a Cam Disc Comb-Type Picking Machine for Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium Ramat. Tzvelev)
Authors: Wang Rongyan , Zheng Zhian , Gao Lei , Chen Andi , Wang Shanyu , Xu Yiyao 
Published: November 2021

HighlightsA practical cam disc comb-type chrysanthemum picking machine was developed.A three-dimensional model of the picking machine was designed in SolidWorks.The working principle and motion trajectory of the picking comb teeth were analyzed.The best working parameters of the picking machine were obtained with field tests.Abstract. Aiming at the problems of labor, picking efficiency, and mechanization, a small practical cam disc comb-type chrysanthemum picking machine was designed. The picking machine, mainly composed of a wheeled frame, power transmission system, cam disc, picking comb, and cleaning comb sleeve, uses the pulling force of comb teeth to pick chrysanthemum flowers. The comb teeth rotate on a central shaft, and their swing angle is determined by a groove on the cam disc. One rotation of the comb teeth completes the process of picking, lifting, and unloading. In this study, the parameters of the cam profile were designed using an analytical method. To ensure reliability of the components, the trajectory of the comb teeth and their structure and motion parameters were analyzed, and the conditions for picking chrysanthemums were determined. The physical parameters of chrysanthemum plants were measured, and a prototype picking machine was built. Field tests were conducted using the comb rotational speed, comb teeth spacing, and comb working depth as the test factors and the picking rate, impurity rate, breakage rate, and drop rate as the evaluation indexes. The effects of each factor and the interaction of any two factors on the picking effectiveness were obtained. The test results suggested that the most effective harvesting was achieved when the comb rotational speed was 40 rpm, the comb teeth spacing was 8 mm, and the comb working depth was 200 mm. With these parameters, the picking rate was 93.28%, the breakage rate was 1.21%, the impurity rate was 8.38%, and the drop rate was 6.61%. The prototype machine achieved good picking effectiveness, and this study provides a technical foundation for the realization of mechanized chrysanthemum harvesting. Keywords: Cam, Chrysanthemum, Comb teeth, Motion track, Picking machine.
Risk factors for the progression of trachomatous scarring in a cohort of women in a trachoma low endemic district in Tanzania
Authors: Wolle Meraf A. , Muñoz Beatriz E. , Naufal Fahd , Kashaf Michael Saheb , Mkocha Harran , West Sheila K. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Trachoma, a chronic conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Trachoma has been targeted for elimination as a public health problem which includes reducing trachomatous inflammation—follicular prevalence in children and reducing trachomatous trichiasis prevalence in adults. The rate of development of trachomatous trichiasis, the potentially blinding late-stage trachoma sequelae, depends on the rate of trachomatous scarring development and progression. Few studies to date have evaluated the progression of trachomatous scarring in communities that have recently transitioned to a low trachomatous inflammation—follicular prevalence.

Methodology/Principal findings
Women aged 15 and older were randomly selected from households in 48 communities within Kongwa district, Tanzania and followed over 3.5 years for this longitudinal study. Trachomatous inflammation—follicular prevalence was 5% at baseline and at follow-up in children aged 1–9 in Kongwa, Tanzania. 1018 women aged 15 and older had trachomatous scarring at baseline and were at risk for trachomatous scarring progression; 691 (68%) completed follow-up assessments. Photographs of the upper tarsal conjunctiva were obtained at baseline and follow-up and graded for trachomatous scarring using a previously published four-step severity scale. The overall cumulative 3.5-year progression rate of scarring was 35.3% (95% CI 31.6–39.1). The odds of TS progression increased with an increase in age in women younger than 50, (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.005) as well as an increase in the household poverty index (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13–1.48, p = 0.0002).

Conclusions/Significance
The 3.5-year progression of scarring among women in Kongwa, a formerly hyperendemic now turned hypoendemic district in central Tanzania, was high despite a low active trachoma prevalence. This suggests that the drivers of scarring progression are likely not related to on-going trachoma transmission in this district.