bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Short Review on Self‐Healing Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
Authors: Yao Yuan , Xiao Meng , Liu Wenguang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a melt‐processing polymer with a high elasticity, high tensile strength, low‐temperature resistance, wear‐resistance, and corrosion resistance ability. TPU can be used in the automotive industry, electronics, medical supplies, coatings, and sports equipment. Introduction of self‐healing performance has made a considerable contribution to the service life and recyclability of TPU. The present article analyzes recent progress in self‐healing supramolecular TPUs. In particular, the importance of self‐healing mechanisms governed by covalent bonds and non‐covalent interactions in polymer design that allows for balancing mechanical performance and repairability is summarized. The critical issues and challenges associated with self‐healing supramolecular TPUs are also discussed.
Impact of Rapeseed and Soy Lecithin on Postprandial Lipid Metabolism, Bile Acid Profile, and Gut Bacteria in Mice
Authors: Robert Chloé , Buisson Charline , Laugerette Fabienne , Abrous Hélène , Rainteau Dominique , Humbert Lydie , Vande Weghe Justine , Meugnier Emmanuelle , Loizon Emmanuelle , Caillet François , Van Dorsselaer Benjamin , Urdaci Maria , Vaysse Carole , Michalski Marie‐Caroline 
Published: March 2021

ScopeSynthetic emulsifiers have recently been shown to promote metabolic syndrome and considerably alter gut microbiota. Yet, data are lacking regarding the effects of natural emulsifiers, such as plant lecithins rich in essential α‐linolenic acid (ALA), on gut and metabolic health.Methods and ResultsFor 5 days, male Swiss mice are fed diets containing similar amounts of ALA and 0, 1, 3, or 10% rapeseed lecithin (RL) or 10% soy lecithin (SL). Following an overnight fast, they are force‐fed the same oil mixture and euthanized after 90 minutes. The consumption of lecithin significantly increased fecal levels of the Clostridium leptum group (p = 0.0004), regardless of origin or dose, without altering hepatic or intestinal expression of genes of lipid metabolism. 10%‐RL increased ALA abundance in plasma triacylglycerols at 90 minutes, reduced cecal bile acid hydrophobicity, and increased their sulfatation, as demonstrated by the increased hepatic RNA expression of Sult2a1 (p = 0.037) and cecal cholic acid‐7 sulfate (CA‐7S) concentration (p = 0.05) versus 0%‐lecithin.ConclusionAfter only 5 days, nutritional doses of RL and SL modified gut bacteria in mice, by specifically increasing C. leptum group. RL also increased postprandial ALA abundance and induced beneficial modifications of the bile acid profile. ALA‐rich lecithins, especially RL, may then appear as promising natural emulsifiers.
Advances in fiber‐based quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas sensing
Authors: Feng Wei , Qu Yanchen , Gao Yachen , Ma Yufei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFiber‐based quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) is a method for trace gas sensing with excellent properties such as high sensitivity and strong applicability. It has received extensive attention and become particularly attractive in recent years. Therefore, this invited paper analyzed and summarized the principle of its sensing as well as its technical characteristics. The latest research results, combed with the application mechanism and application fields of different types of QEPAS system, were introduced. Finally, its development trend was forecasted.
Internal impedance of a circular cylindrical wire under external, submillimeter wave illumination
Authors: Alvarez‐Perez Jose Luis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA complete, non‐approximate expression of the internal impedance for an open‐ended circular cylindrical wire being subject to externally incident radiation is derived. A comparison is made with the well‐known formula given by Stratton and later given by Ramo. The modes in which the electromagnetic field oscillates are due to the incoming wave, and the corresponding boundary conditions do not lead to the homogeneous system of linear equations that produce the usual and relatively complex spectrum of damped modes discussed by Stratton. The approximations made to obtain Stratton and Ramo's formula are applicable again to the expression found here and produce the same result. Such approximations are adequate for good conductors at frequencies in the microwave region. However, it is shown that the new formulation, which includes the displacement current and the real part of the permittivity of the wire, is needed for the case of submillimeter radiation. In effect, the values of the impedance computed by using the new expression are considerably different from those resulting from Stratton or Ramo's formula in the Terahertz domain. In particular, these values show now a larger resistive part and a smaller reactive part in this domain.
Plain 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis streamlines the quality control of antiviral favipiravir and congeneric World Health Organization essential medicines
Authors: Achanta Prabhakar S. , Chen Shao‐Nong , Pauli Guido F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFavipiravir is an established antiviral that is currently being assessed as an investigational drug for the treatment of COVID‐19. Favipiravir is strikingly similar to two molecules that the World Health Organization (WHO) lists as essential medicines, which also consist of a six‐membered aromatic N‐heterocycle bearing a carboxamide function: the anti‐tuberculosis agent, pyrazinamide, and nicotinamide, also known as vitamin B3. We demonstrate the utility of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling, an emerging pharmacopoeial tool, for the highly specific identification, selective differentiation of congeners, and subsequent detection of drug falsification or adulteration of these medicines. The straightforward comparison of basic 1‐D 1H NMR spectra, obtained with benchtop or advanced NMR instruments alike, offers a rapid identity assay and works independently of physical reference materials. This approach accelerates and advances pharmaceutical quality control measures under situations of increased drug demand and altered economy, such as during a pandemic.
In search of dense subgraphs: How good is greedy peeling?
Authors: Gudapati Naga V. C. , Malaguti Enrico , Monaci Michele 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe problem of finding the densest subgraph in a given graph has several real‐world applications, particularly in areas like social network analysis, protein, and gene networks. Depending on the application, finding dense subgraphs can be used to determine regions of high importance, similar characteristics, or enhanced interaction. The densest subgraph extraction problem is fundamentally a non‐linear optimization problem. Nevertheless, it can be solved in polynomial time by an exact algorithm based on iteratively solving a series of max‐flow subproblems. Despite its polynomial‐time complexity, the computing time required by exact algorithms on very large graphs could be prohibitive. Thus, to approach graphs with millions of vertices and edges, one has to resort to heuristic algorithms. We provide an efficient implementation of a greedy heuristic from the literature that is extremely fast and has some nice theoretical properties. We also introduce a new heuristic algorithm that is built on top of the greedy and the exact methods. An extensive computational study is presented to evaluate the performance of various algorithms on a benchmark composed of 86 instances taken from the literature and real world. This analysis shows that the proposed heuristic algorithm is very effective on a large number of test instances, often providing either the optimal solution or a near‐optimal solution within short computing times.
“Walking in Their Shoes”: The effects of an immersive digital story intervention on empathy in nursing students
Authors: Yu Juping , Parsons Gareth S , Lancastle Deborah , Tonkin Emma T , Ganesh Siva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of a novel, immersive digital story intervention on empathy.DesignA randomized trial with three phases.ResultsA total of 238 2nd year nursing students were recruited between May 2018 and December 2019. At baseline, no significant differences in empathy between the groups were found (p = .760). However, at post‐test, empathy was significantly higher in the intervention group (M: 118.76, SD: 10.65) than it was in the control group (M: 114.60, SD: 15.40) (p = .012). At follow‐up, there were no significant differences in empathy between the groups (p = .364).ConclusionThe intervention resulted in an immediate increase in empathy in nursing students. However, further development of effective intervention delivery modes and fundamental redesign of the intervention itself would be needed to sustain this improvement over the long term.
The comfort ability program for adolescents with sickle cell pain: Evaluating feasibility and acceptability of an inpatient group‐based clinical implementation
Authors: Sil Soumitri , Lee Jennifer L. , Klosky James , Vaz Angela , Mee Laura , Cochran Shavontia , Thompson Beth , Coakley Rachael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntegration of nonpharmacological therapies, such as cognitive and behavioral pain management strategies, is recommended to support comprehensive disease and pain management among children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD). The Comfort Ability Program for Sickle Cell Pain (CAP for SCP) introduces psychological and biobehavioral pain management strategies to children and adolescents with SCD. This study aimed to pilot the implementation of the CAP for SCP in a group setting to children and adolescents hospitalized for SCD pain examining feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness on improving pain knowledge and coping efficacy.MethodAdaptation of CAP for SCP into a three‐session group format was guided by four phases of the Dynamic Adaptation Process model: Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment. Youth with SCD (n = 57) hospitalized for pain participated in at least one session and completed self‐report of knowledge of pain management skills, pain coping efficacy, and treatment acceptance. Completion rates of sessions and qualitative feedback were gathered to evaluate feasibility and acceptability.ResultsFeasibility of conducting inpatient group sessions was suboptimal; however, patients and medical providers reported moderate to high levels of treatment acceptance. Patients also reported significant improvements in knowledge of pain management skills following session 1.ConclusionsCAP for SCP is a patient‐centered first‐line psychoeducational intervention that can be integrated into clinical practice settings to introduce youth to cognitive and behavioral pain management strategies to support SCD pain management.
Integration of cancer registry and electronic health record data to construct a childhood cancer survivorship cohort, facilitate risk stratification for late effects, and assess appropriate follow‐up care
Authors: Noyd David H. , Neely Nigel B. , Schroeder Kristin M. , Lantos Paul M. , Power Steve , Kreissman Susan G. , Oeffinger Kevin C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study harnessed an institutional cancer registry to construct a childhood cancer survivorship cohort, integrate electronic health record (EHR) and geospatial data to stratify survivors based on late‐effect risk, analyze follow‐up care patterns, and determine factors associated with suboptimal follow‐up care.ProcedureThe survivorship cohort included patients ≤18 years of age reported to the institutional cancer registry between January 1, 1994 and November 30, 2012. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third revision (ICD‐O‐3) coding and treatment exposures facilitated risk stratification of survivors. The EHR was linked to the cancer registry based on medical record number (MRN) to extract clinic visits.ResultsFive hundred and ninety pediatric hematology‐oncology (PHO) and 275 pediatric neuro‐oncology (PNO) survivors were included in the final analytic cohort. Two hundred and eight‐two survivors (32.6%) were not seen in any oncology‐related subspecialty clinic at Duke 5–7 years after initial diagnosis. Factors associated with follow‐up included age (p = .008), diagnosis (p < .001), race/ethnicity (p = .010), late‐effect risk strata (p = .001), distance to treatment center (p < .0001), and area deprivation index (ADI) (p = .011). Multivariable logistic modeling attenuated the association for high‐risk (OR 1.72; 95% CI 0.805, 3.66) and intermediate‐risk (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.644, 2.36) survivors compared to survivors at low risk of late effects among the PHO cohort. PNO survivors at high risk for late effects were more likely to follow up (adjusted OR 3.66; 95% CI 1.76, 7.61).ConclusionsNearly a third of survivors received suboptimal follow‐up care. This study provides a reproducible model to integrate cancer registry and EHR data to construct risk‐stratified survivorship cohorts to assess follow‐up care.
Dielectric properties of polydimethylsiloxane composites filled with SrTiO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Bertasius Povilas , Schaefer Sebastien , Macutkevic Jan , Banys Juras , Selskis Algirdas , Fierro Vanessa , Celzard Alain 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article deals with the dielectric properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites filled with SrTiO3 nanoparticles. The investigations were performed over a very broad range of frequencies (20 Hz to 3 THz). Almost no dielectric dispersion was observed in all the composites at room temperature over the entire range of measurement frequencies, and the dielectric losses were also very low under these conditions (<1.9). The dielectric dispersion was observed at lower temperatures (below 280 K), due to relaxation at the PDMS/SrTiO3 interface and in the bulk polymer. The relaxation time for both cases followed the Vogel–Vulcher law, while the freezing temperature was substantially lower for relaxation at the PDMS/SrTiO3 interface.
Foaming parameter identification of polyurethane using FOAMAT® device
Authors: Raimbault Clément , Laure Patrice , François Guillaume , Boyer Séverine , Vincent Michel , Choquart François , Agassant Jean‐Francois 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA key problem in the modeling of polyurethane (PU) foaming is the determination of relevant physical parameters for the viscosity, the gas expansion, and the curing rate. Indeed, it is difficult to measure the chemical kinetics parameters as well as the viscosity of industrial PU formulations (polyol–isocyanate–water mixture) because the time scales of gas production and PU crosslinking are very short and hardly compatible with the installation of the sample in characterization devices such as differential scanning calorimetry and parallel plates rheometer. A FOAMAT® system has been developed to get these experimental data but the relationship between measurements and the rheo‐chemical parameters has not been clearly established. In this paper, an analytical model of the foaming process is developed in the cylindrical FOAMAT geometry, which allows identifying the parameters of the curing and gas production kinetics equations, as well as the viscosity. This analytical model is based on a set of simplifying hypotheses which validity is checked using the finite element computation software REM3D dedicated to foaming modeling and applicable for injection‐molding processing.
Metabolic study of ginsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride in type 2 diabetic rats by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Di , Li Xue , Fu Yunhua , Tao Xingyu , Zheng Fei , Yu Jiangbo , Yue Hao , Dai Yulin 
Published: March 2021

RationaleGinsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride have been applied to treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM) because of their good hypoglycemic effects. In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 acting synergistically with glimepiride were investigated in liver microsomes from rats with type 2 diabetes.MethodsAn in vitro incubation system with normal rat liver microsomes (RLM) and type 2 diabetic rat liver microsomes (TRLM) was developed. The system also included two experimental groups consisting of RLM and TRLM pretreated with ginsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride (named the RLMR and TRLMR groups, respectively). The metabolism in the different groups was analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q‐Orbitrap MS).ResultsThe results showed that the concentration of glimepiride increased in RLM and TRLM after treatment with ginsenoside Rg3. Five metabolites (M1–M5) of glimepiride were found, and they were named 3N‐hydroxyglimepiride, hydroxyglimepiride, 1,2‐epoxy ether‐3‐hydroxyglimepiride, 1N‐hydroxyglimepiride and 1N,2C,S,O,O‐epoxy ether‐3‐hydroxyglimepiride. The metabolite of ginsenoside Rg3 was ginsenoside Rh2.ConclusionsAn in vitro incubation system with RLM and TRLM was developed. The system revealed pathways that produce glimepiride metabolites. Ginsenoside Rg3 may inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. The present study showed that ginsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride may be combined for the treatment of T2DM.
Follicular development during hormone replacement therapy in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Sato Takuma , Kusuhara Atsuko , Kasahara Yuta , Haino Takayuki , Kishi Hiroshi , Okamoto Aikou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo provide information about the relationship between follow‐up period and follicular development in patients with infertility due to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) who are undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It is necessary to detect follicle development for artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from April 2014 to February 2019 in 20 patients [follicular development group, 11 women (55%); non‐follicular development group, 9 women (45%)] with POI; their follicular development was followed up weekly. Background characteristics, including age, follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti‐Mullerian hormone levels (AMH), the period from the last spontaneous menstruation to hormone replacement therapy initiation, and follow‐up period during HRT were investigated. The period without follicular development was tabulated, and the subsequent cumulative follicular development detection rate was calculated.ResultsAt least 1‐year follow‐up, the cumulative follicular development rate was 70%; follicular development was observed with a probability of 49.1% at 3 months, 33.4% at 6 months, and 8.3% at 12 months in the follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe results show that the longer the non‐follicle development period, the lower the probability of subsequent follicular development in patients with POI during HRT.
Asymptotic normality of consecutive patterns in permutations encoded by generating trees with one‐dimensional labels
Authors: Borga Jacopo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider uniform random permutations drawn from a family enumerated through generating trees. We develop a new general technique to establish a central limit theorem for the number of consecutive occurrences of a fixed pattern in such permutations. We propose a technique to sample uniform permutations in such families as conditioned random colored walks. Building on that, we derive the behavior of the consecutive patterns in random permutations studying properties of the consecutive increments in the corresponding random walks. The method applies to families of permutations with a one‐dimensional‐labeled generating tree (together with some technical assumptions) and implies local convergence for random permutations in such families. We exhibit ten different families of permutations, most of them being permutation classes, that satisfy our assumptions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work where generating trees—which were introduced to enumerate combinatorial objects—have been used to establish probabilistic results.
Linking water vapor sorption to water repellency in soils with high organic carbon contents
Authors: Hermansen Cecilie , Norgaard Trine , de Jonge Lis Wollesen , Weber Peter L. , Moldrup Per , Greve Mogens H. , Tuller Markus , Arthur Emmanuel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWater repellency (WR) significantly affects the hydraulic behavior of soils. Although WR often is regarded as a phenomenon with implications for dry soils, it is prevalent at water contents (w) exceeding the wilting point water content. Because the measurement of the WR–w relationship is laborious, alternative more time‐efficient methods are desirable to estimate parameters of the WR‐w curve. Using 32 high organic carbon (OC) soils from Denmark and South Greenland, we characterized the water vapor sorption isotherms (WSIs), investigated the interrelated effects of OC and clay contents on WSIs and the WR–w relationship, and further evaluated if parameters of the WR‐w curve may be derived directly from WSIs. The samples exhibited OC and clay contents ranging from 0.014 to 0.369 kg kg–1 and from 0.02 to 0.16 kg kg–1, respectively. The WSIs measured for relative humidity (RH) values between 3 and 93%, were strongly hysteretic, were OC dependent, and could be accurately characterized with the Guggenheim, Anderson, and de Boer model. Further, the WRarea and wnon parameters, derived from WR measured for several w, were well estimated with linear regressions based on OC content and multiple linear regressions based on OC and clay contents. Estimations for WRarea and wnon based on the WSI parameter wm‐a were superior to OC and clay content. Finally, we established mathematical expressions that estimate WRarea or wnon from any air‐dry w obtained from either the desorption or adsorption isotherms between 10 and 90% RH.
Enhancing Interfacial Contact in Solid‐State Batteries with a Gradient Composite Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Deng Chenglong , Chen Nan , Hou Chuanyu , Liu Hanxiao , Zhou Zhiming , Chen Renjie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid‐state batteries promise to meet the challenges of high energy density and high safety for future energy storage. However, poor interfacial contact and complex manufacturing processes limit their practical applications. Herein, a simple strategy is proposed to enhance interfacial contact by introducing a gradient composite polymer solid electrolyte (GCPE), which is prepared by a facile UV‐curing polymerization technique. The high‐Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO)‐content side of the electrolyte exhibits high oxidation resistance (5.4 V versus Li+/Li), making it compatible with a high‐voltage cathode material, whereas the LLZTO‐deficient side achieves excellent interfacial contact with the Li metal anode, facilitating uniform Li deposition. Benefiting from the elaborate composition and structure of GCPE films, the symmetric Li//Li cell exhibits a low‐voltage hysteresis potential of 42 mV and a long cycle life of >1900 h without short‐circuiting. The Li//LiFePO4 solid‐state batteries deliver a capacity of 161.0 mA h g−1 at 60 °C and 0.1 C (82.4% capacity is retained after 200 cycles). Even at 80 °C, the cell still shows an outstanding capacity of 132.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 100 cycles. The design principle of gradient electrolytes provides a new path for achieving enhanced interfacial contact in high‐performance solid‐state batteries.