bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of 2D‐speckle tracking echocardiography for identifying subclinical ventricular dysfunction in subjects with early repolarization pattern
Authors: Çöllüoğlu Tuğçe , Önalan Orhan , Çakan Fahri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionEarly repolarization pattern (ERP) can exist a silent substrate for arrhytmic events in accordance with the previous studies which have shown there has been evidence of morphological changes in left ventricle (LV) in ERP subjects. Despite structural changes in ERP subjects, it has not exactly known whether a change in LV functional parameters occur in ERP. The aim of our study was to investigate LV functional parameters in ERP athletes evaluated by 2D‐ speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE).MethodIn this study, athletes with ERP (n = 50) and athletes without ERP (n = 50) were recruited between April 2018 and September 2018. For each case, 2D‐ TTE and 2D‐ STE evaluation were performed by the same cardiologist.ResultsLeft ventricle mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) (P < .001) and GLS at all apical chamber views (P < .001), longitudinal peak systolic strain rate (SRS) at A3C (P: .011), early diastolic strain rate (SRE) at A3C (P < .001) and late diastolic strain rate (SRA) at A3C (P: .034) in the ERP athletes were significantly lower than those in the athletes without ERP. LV basal segment circumferential SRS (P: .002) and SRE (P: .006) were significantly lower in ERP athletes compared to athletes without ERP. LV mechanical dispersion was significantly higher in ERP athletes compared to athletes without ERP (P < .001).ConclusionOur study suggests ERP can be more associated with impaired LV longitudinal function than circumferential function. In addition, both LV inferolateral region and basal segment can be more affected functionally in ERP athletes.
TRough versus AUC Monitoring of cyclosporine: A randomized comparison of adverse drug reactions in adult allogeneic stem cell recipients (TRAM study)
Authors: Kuijvenhoven Marianne A. , Wilhelm Abraham J. , Meijer Ellen , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Swart Eleonora L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions of cyclosporine using AUC‐targeted therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) compared to trough level (Ctrough)‐targeted TDM in adult allogeneic stem cell recipients.MethodsBlind, monocenter, intervention study. Subjects were 1:1 randomized into either an AUC group or a Ctrough group. Adverse drug reactions were accessed two and four weeks after start of treatment.ResultsForty patients were included, resulting in 15 evaluable subjects (AUC group) and 13 evaluable subjects (Ctrough group). Grade two/three toxicity was observed in 46% (Ctrough group) versus 60% of subjects (AUC group) (P = .463). There was no significant difference between two and four weeks after start of cyclosporine for nausea (P = .142 resp. P = .122), renal dysfunction (P = .464 resp. P = 1.000), and hypomagnesemia (P = 1.000 resp. P = .411). Subjects in the AUC group reached the therapeutic goal earlier (72,7% versus 43,0% at third sampling point, P = .332) and were within the target range more consistently.ConclusionThis study showed no reduction in incidence and severity of cyclosporine‐induced toxicity with AUC‐ versus trough level‐targeted TDM. Although modeled dosing based on AUC led to faster optimal target attainment, this did not result in less toxicity in the early days after transplantation.
Evidence for general size‐by‐habitat rules in actinopterygian fishes across nine scales of observation
Authors: Clarke John T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying environmental predictors of phenotype is fundamentally important to many ecological questions, from revealing broadscale ecological processes to predicting extinction risk. However, establishing robust environment—phenotype relationships is challenging, as powerful case studies require diverse clades which repeatedly undergo environmental transitions at multiple taxonomic scales. Actinopterygian fishes, with 32,000+ species, fulfil these criteria for the fundamental habitat divisions in water. With four datasets of body size (ranging 10,905–27,226 species), I reveal highly consistent size‐by‐habitat‐use patterns across nine scales of observation. Taxa in marine, marine‐brackish, euryhaline and freshwater‐brackish habitats possess larger mean sizes than freshwater relatives, and the largest mean sizes consistently emerge within marine‐brackish and euryhaline taxa. These findings align with the predictions of seven mechanisms thought to drive larger size by promoting additional trophic levels. However, mismatches between size and trophic‐level patterns highlight a role for additional mechanisms, and support for viable candidates is examined in 3439 comparisons.
The evolutionary ecology of fatty‐acid variation: Implications for consumer adaptation and diversification
Authors: Twining Cornelia W. , Bernhardt Joey R. , Derry Alison M. , Hudson Cameron M. , Ishikawa Asano , Kabeya Naoki , Kainz Martin J. , Kitano Jun , Kowarik Carmen , Ladd Sarah Nemiah , Leal Miguel C. , Scharnweber Kristin , Shipley Jeremy R. , Matthews Blake 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n‐3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In this review, we first document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions amongst major ecosystems, between habitats and amongst species within habitats. We highlight some of the key nutritional contrasts that can shape behavioural and/or metabolic adaptation in consumers, discussing how consumers can evolve in response to the spatial, seasonal and community‐level variation of resource quality. We propose a hierarchical trait‐based approach for studying the evolution of consumers’ metabolic networks and review the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underpinning consumer adaptation to EPA and DHA distributions. In doing so, we consider how the metabolic traits of consumers are hierarchically structured, from cell membrane function to maternal investment, and have strongly environment‐dependent expression. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how studying the metabolic adaptation of consumers within the context of nutritional landscapes can open up new opportunities for understanding evolutionary diversification.
Symmetric response to competition in binary mixtures of cultivars associates with genetic gain in wheat yield
Authors: Cossani C. Mariano , Sadras Victor O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe evolution in the definition of crop yield—from the ratio of seed harvested to seed sown to the contemporary measure of mass of seed per unit land area―has favoured less competitive phenotypes. Here we use binary mixtures of cultivars spanning five decades of selection for yield and agronomic adaptation to ask three questions. First, what is the degree of symmetry in the response of yield to neighbour; this is, if an older, more competitive cultivar increases yield by 10% with a less competitive neighbour in comparison to pure stands, would the newer, less competitive cultivar reduce yield by 10% when grown with older neighbour. Lack of symmetry would indicate factors other than competitive ability underly yield improvement. Second, what are the yield components underlying competitive interactions. Third, to what extent are the responses to neighbour mediated by radiation, water and nitrogen. A focus on yield components and resources can help the interpretation of shifts in the crop phenotype in response to selection for yield. The rate of genetic gain in yield over five decades was 24 kg ha−1 year−1 or 0.61% year−1. A strongly symmetrical yield response to neighbour indicates that yield improvement closely associates with a reduction in competitive ability. Response to neighbour was larger for grain number and biomass than for grain weight and allocation of biomass to grain. Under our experimental conditions, competition for radiation was dominant compared to competition of water and nitrogen. High‐yielding phenotypes had lower competitive ability for radiation but compensated with higher radiation use efficiency, a measure of canopy photosynthetic efficiency. Genetic and agronomic manipulation of the crop phenotype to reduce competitive ability could further improve wheat yield to meet the challenge of global food security.
Cellular reprogramming of diabetic foot ulcer fibroblasts triggers pro‐healing miRNA‐mediated epigenetic signature
Authors: Pastar Irena , Marjanovic Jelena , Liang Liang , Stone Rivka C. , Kashpur Olga , Jozic Ivan , Head Cheyanne R. , Smith Avi , Gerami‐Naini Behzad , Garlick Jonathan A. , Tomic‐Canic Marjana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a prevalent complication of diabetes, constitute a major medical challenge with a critical need for development of cell‐based therapies. We previously generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from dermal fibroblasts derived from the DFU patients, location‐matched skin of diabetic patients and normal healthy donors and re‐differentiated them into fibroblasts. To assess the epigenetic microRNA (miR) regulated changes triggered by cellular reprogramming, we performed miRs expression profiling. We found let‐7c, miR‐26b‐5p, −29c‐3p, −148a‐3p, −196a‐5p, −199b‐5p and −374a‐5p suppressed in iPSC‐derived fibroblasts in vitro and in 3D dermis‐like self‐assembly tissue, whereas their corresponding targets involved in cellular migration were upregulated. Moreover, targets involved in organization of extracellular matrix were induced after fibroblast reprogramming. PLAT gene, the crucial fibrinolysis factor, was upregulated in iPSC‐derived fibroblasts and was confirmed as a direct target of miR‐196a‐5p. miR‐197‐3p and miR‐331‐3p were found upregulated specifically in iPSC‐derived diabetic fibroblasts, while their targets CAV1 and CDKN3 were suppressed. CAV1, an important negative regulator of wound healing, was confirmed as a direct miR‐197‐3p target. Together, our findings demonstrate that iPSC reprogramming is an effective approach for erasing the diabetic non‐healing miR‐mediated epigenetic signature and promoting a pro‐healing cellular phenotype.
Type 2 diabetes impairs vascular responsiveness to nitric oxide, but not the venoarteriolar reflex or post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia in forearm skin
Authors: Fujii Naoto , McGarr Gregory W. , Amano Tatsuro , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Sigal Ronald J. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe venoarteriolar reflex (VAR) is a local mechanism by which vasoconstriction is mediated in response to venous congestion. This response may minimize tissue overperfusion, preventing capillary damage and oedema. Post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) is used to assess microvascular function by performing a brief local arterial occlusion resulting in a subsequent rapid transient vasodilation. In the current study, we hypothesized that type 2 diabetes (T2D) attenuates VAR and PORH responses in forearm skin in vivo. In 11 healthy older adults (Control, 58 ± 8 years) and 13 older adults with controlled T2D (62 ± 10 years), cutaneous blood flow measured by laser‐Doppler flowmetry was monitored following a 3‐min venous occlusion of 45 mm Hg that elicited the VAR, followed by a 3‐min recovery period and then a 5‐min arterial occlusion of 240 mm Hg that induced PORH. Finally, sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, was administered to induce maximum vasodilation. VAR and PORH variables were similar between groups. By contrast, maximal cutaneous blood flow induced by sodium nitroprusside was lower in the T2D group. Taken together, our observations indicate that T2D impairs vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to nitric oxide, but not VAR and PORH in forearm skin.
Positive but variable effects of crop diversification on biodiversity and ecosystem services
Authors: Beillouin Damien , Ben‐Ari Tamara , Malézieux Eric , Seufert Verena , Makowski David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEcological theory suggests that biodiversity has a positive and stabilizing effect on the delivery of ecosystem services. Yet, the impacts of increasing the diversity of cultivated crop species or varieties in agroecosystems are still under scrutiny. The available empirical evidence is scattered in scope, agronomic and geographic contexts, and impacts on ecosystem services may depend on the type of diversification strategy used. To robustly assess the effects of crop diversification in agroecosystems, we compiled the results of 95 meta‐analyses integrating 5156 experiments conducted over 84 experimental years and representing more than 54,500 paired observations on 120 crop species in 85 countries. Overall, our synthesis of experimental data from across the globe shows that crop diversification enhances not only crop production (median effect +14%) but also the associated biodiversity (+24%, i.e., the biodiversity of non‐cultivated plants and animals), and several supporting and regulating ecosystem services including water quality (+51%), pest and disease control (+63%) and soil quality (+11%). However, there was substantial variability in the results for each individual ecosystem service between different diversification strategies such as agroforestry, intercropping, cover crops, crop rotation or variety mixtures. Agroforestry is particularly effective in delivering multiple ecosystem services, that is, water regulation and quality, pest and diseases regulation, associated biodiversity, long‐term soil productivity and quality. Variety mixtures, instead, provide the lowest benefits, whereas the other strategies show intermediate results. Our results highlight that while increasing the diversity of cultivated crop species or varieties in agroecosystems represents a very promising strategy for more sustainable land management, contributing to enhanced yields, enhanced biodiversity and ecosystem services, some crop diversification strategies are more effective than others in supporting key ecosystem services.
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT'S CLIMATOLOGICAL WRITINGS
Authors: Strobl Michael 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTHumboldt is often credited with being the forerunner of modern ecology and environmentalism and the founder of modern comparative climatology – without having written a single book on climate. His contributions can be found in the 800 articles and essays that he published in scientific journals. New bibliographic and editorial research on these writings allows this article to present the forgotten climatological contributions for the first time, with the main intention of providing an overview over the extensive material. Humboldt published articles on the distribution of heat on the globe as well as about the chemistry of the subterranean atmosphere in mines. He invented the infographic concept of isothermal lines and wrote on sound propagation in the atmosphere. His mountaineering accomplishments promoted alpine climate studies. In his articles he compared the snow heights of the Andes, the Himalayas and the Alps. He wrote on the temperature of the Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea, about the climate of Spain and that of Central Asia. In South America he was the first to describe the cold‐water current of the west coast (‘Humboldt current’). He also described and analysed anthropogenic climate change. These diverse contributions provide a new perspective on Humboldt's climatological research. What was the relevance of Humboldt's climatological writings in their time and what is it today?
Determining the approximate factor VIII level of patients with severe haemophilia A on emicizumab using in vivo global haemostasis assays
Authors: Kizilocak Hande , Marquez‐Casas Elizabeth , Malvar Jemily , Carmona Roxana , Young Guy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab is a recombinant, humanized bispecific monoclonal antibody that mimics the function of factor VIII (FVIII) which results in a significant reduction in the annualized bleeding rate in patients with haemophilia A (HA), however, the degree with which emicizumab corrects the coagulation defect remains unclear. The objective of this study was to predict the approximate FVIII level in severe haemophilia A patients with inhibitors on emicizumab using global haemostasis assays.Materials and methodsPatients with moderate and mild HA in the non‐bleeding state and healthy controls had FVIII levels and thrombin generation assessed. Linear regression was utilized to model the FVIII levels as a function of the thrombin generation assay parameters and to make a calibration curve of FVIII levels versus peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential. Patients with severe haemophilia A with inhibitors on emicizumab had thrombin generation performed in the same manner and their peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential results were placed on the calibration curve to calculate their FVIII Equivalency of Emicizumab by Thrombin Generation (F8EmT).ResultsAll patients with severe HA with inhibitors on emicizumab had F8EmT >10%, suggesting they had been converted to a mild haemophilia phenotype. The patient's weight was inversely correlated to their F8EmT.ConclusionThe results from this study suggest that the F8EmT in patients with severe HA on emicizumab falls within the range of mild haemophilia which is consistent with the data noted in the emicizumab clinical trials and in vivo studies in animals.
Potential for misinterpretation: An everyday problem male nurses encounter in inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Baker Mark J , Fisher Murray J , Pryor Julie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to report on the everyday concern of the ‘potential for misinterpretation’, which was the basic social problem revealed in a grounded theory study exploring male nurse practice in inpatient rehabilitation in Australia.BackgroundMale nurses account for approximately 10% of nursing workforce across western countries and they practice in a range of clinical areas; however, how they practice in inpatient rehabilitation remains unexplored.MethodsConstructivist grounded theory was used in this study and was conducted in two phases: (i) involved semi‐structured interviews with 11 male nurses from October 2013 to June 2014 and (ii) observation of practice of 12 male nurses and semi‐structured interviews with male nurses and 15 patients from February to April 2015.ResultsNurse participants encountered the intersection of two pervasive patient ideologies about male nurses. Patients perceived nursing to be women's work and that male nurses are sexual threats. These two intersecting ideologies created a concern for male nurses working in inpatient rehabilitation and that concern was labelled 'potential for misinterpretation'.ConclusionGender stereotypes impacted on the ability of male nurses to practise nursing in inpatient rehabilitation. Male nurses were mindful on a daily basis that misinterpretation could, and did, happen in inpatient rehabilitation.
A framework for applying ethics‐by‐design to decision support systems for emergency management
Authors: Nussbaumer Alexander , Pope Andrew , Neville Karen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development and utilisation of new information and communication technologies presents opportunities and risks, which bring ethical issues to the forefront. Any attempt to minimise the potential negative consequences to individuals, organisations and society resulting from the use of these technologies is challenging. In order to address these challenges, this paper presents an ethics‐by‐design approach that has been developed and implemented in the context of Decision Supports Systems for Emergency Management. Such systems help manage large and cross‐border disasters by supporting decision makers to respond on emergencies in a reasonable way by taking follow‐up actions into account. The approach taken in this paper specifically provides means to support the ethical dimensions of these decisions. Actions taken during disasters can have ramifications that persist long after a disaster has passed. The ethics‐by‐design approach presented here not only informs the design of systems, but also considers the role and training of the decision makers in the design process. The paper builds on the literature on ethics in information systems and makes a contribution to theory by providing a framework to ensure ethical considerations are embedded into the design of systems.
“Maybe baby?” The employment risk of potential parenthood
Authors: Peterson Gloor Jamie L. , Okimoto Tyler G. , King Eden B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch grounded in gender role theories has shown that women face numerous employment disadvantages relative to men, with mothers often facing the greatest obstacles. We extend this literature by proposing that motherhood is not a necessary condition for women to face motherhood penalties. Instead, managers' expectations that an applicant will have a child in the near future (i.e., “maybe baby” expectations) increases their perceptions of risk associated with employing childfree, childbearing‐aged women—but not men. Investigating the intersection of gender and age, and integrating economic theories of discrimination, we conceptualize hiring as a risk assessment process, proposing that managers' risk perceptions drive more precarious employment conditions for this group of women. Results from a field study with early career employees (Study 1) and a randomized experiment with hiring managers (Study 2) support our predictions across attitudinal (e.g., desire to offer a temporary job contract; Study 2) and objective indicators (e.g., having a temporary job contract; Study 1); female applicants can also mitigate this “maybe baby” risk by signaling a lack of interest in having children or by emphasizing their commitment and work ethic (Study 2). Our findings suggest that the perceived risks of parenthood can be hazardous for child‐bearing‐aged, childfree working women who simply may become parents (vs. men and mothers; vs. childfree women who are significantly younger or older than the average age of the first childbearing in the local context).
Loss of MYSM1 inhibits the oncogenic activity of cMYC in B cell lymphoma
Authors: Lin Yun Hsiao , Wang HanChen , Fiore Amanda , Förster Michael , Tung Lin Tze , Belle Jad I , Robert Francis , Pelletier Jerry , Langlais David , Nijnik Anastasia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMYSM1 is a chromatin‐binding protein, widely investigated for its functions in haematopoiesis in human and mouse; however, its role in haematologic malignancies remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the cross‐talk between MYSM1 and oncogenic cMYC in the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding ribosomal proteins, and the implications of these mechanisms for cMYC‐driven carcinogenesis. We demonstrate that in cMYC‐driven B cell lymphoma in mouse models, MYSM1‐loss represses ribosomal protein gene expression and protein synthesis. Importantly, the loss of MYSM1 also strongly inhibits cMYC oncogenic activity and protects against B cell lymphoma onset and progression in the mouse models. This advances the understanding of the molecular and transcriptional mechanisms of lymphomagenesis, and suggests MYSM1 as a possible drug target for cMYC‐driven malignancies.