bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between timing and transmissibility explain diverse flavivirus dynamics in Fiji
Authors: Henderson Alasdair D. , Kama Mike , Aubry Maite , Hue Stephane , Teissier Anita , Naivalu Taina , Bechu Vinaisi D. , Kailawadoko Jimaima , Rabukawaqa Isireli , Sahukhan Aalisha , Hibberd Martin L. , Nilles Eric J. , Funk Sebastian , Whitworth Jimmy , Watson Conall H. , Lau Colleen L. , Edmunds W. John , Cao-Lormeau Van-Mai , Kucharski Adam J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) has caused large, brief outbreaks in isolated populations, however ZIKV can also persist at low levels over multiple years. The reasons for these diverse transmission dynamics remain poorly understood. In Fiji, which has experienced multiple large single-season dengue epidemics, there was evidence of multi-year transmission of ZIKV between 2013 and 2017. To identify factors that could explain these differences in dynamics between closely related mosquito-borne flaviviruses, we jointly fit a transmission dynamic model to surveillance, serological and molecular data. We estimate that the observed dynamics of ZIKV were the result of two key factors: strong seasonal effects, which created an ecologically optimal time of year for outbreaks; and introduction of ZIKV after this optimal time, which allowed ZIKV transmission to persist over multiple seasons. The ability to jointly fit to multiple data sources could help identify a similar range of possible outbreak dynamics in other settings.
A pulsatile release platform based on photo-induced imine-crosslinking hydrogel promotes scarless wound healing
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zheng Yongjun , Lee Jimmy , Hua Jieyu , Li Shilong , Panchamukhi Ananth , Yue Jiping , Gou Xuewen , Xia Zhaofan , Zhu Linyong , Wu Xiaoyang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEffective healing of skin wounds is essential for our survival. Although skin has strong regenerative potential, dysfunctional and disfiguring scars can result from aberrant wound repair. Skin scarring involves excessive deposition and misalignment of ECM (extracellular matrix), increased cellularity, and chronic inflammation. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling exerts pleiotropic effects on wound healing by regulating cell proliferation, migration, ECM production, and the immune response. Although blocking TGFβ signaling can reduce tissue fibrosis and scarring, systemic inhibition of TGFβ can lead to significant side effects and inhibit wound re-epithelization. In this study, we develop a wound dressing material based on an integrated photo-crosslinking strategy and a microcapsule platform with pulsatile release of TGF-β inhibitor to achieve spatiotemporal specificity for skin wounds. The material enhances skin wound closure while effectively suppressing scar formation in murine skin wounds and large animal preclinical models. Our study presents a strategy for scarless wound repair.
Single-cell atlas of early human brain development highlights heterogeneity of human neuroepithelial cells and early radial glia
Authors: Eze Ugomma C. , Bhaduri Aparna , Haeussler Maximilian , Nowakowski Tomasz J. , Kriegstein Arnold R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe human cortex comprises diverse cell types that emerge from an initially uniform neuroepithelium that gives rise to radial glia, the neural stem cells of the cortex. To characterize the earliest stages of human brain development, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing across regions of the developing human brain, including the telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain and cerebellum. We identify nine progenitor populations physically proximal to the telencephalon, suggesting more heterogeneity than previously described, including a highly prevalent mesenchymal-like population that disappears once neurogenesis begins. Comparison of human and mouse progenitor populations at corresponding stages identifies two progenitor clusters that are enriched in the early stages of human cortical development. We also find that organoid systems display low fidelity to neuroepithelial and early radial glia cell types, but improve as neurogenesis progresses. Overall, we provide a comprehensive molecular and spatial atlas of early stages of human brain and cortical development.
Comparison of new implantation of cardiac implantable electronic device between tertiary and non-tertiary hospitals: a Korean nationwide study
Authors: Han Seungbong , Park Gyung-Min , Kim Yong-Giun , Hwang Ki Won , Kwon Chang Hee , Roh Jae-Hyung , Park Sangwoo , Won Ki-Bum , Ann Soe Hee , Kim Shin-Jae , Lee Sang-Gon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study compared the characteristics and mortality of new implantation of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) between tertiary and non-tertiary hospitals. From national health insurance claims data in Korea, 17,655 patients, who underwent first and new implantation of CIED between 2013 and 2017, were enrolled. Patients were categorized into the tertiary hospital group (n = 11,560) and non-tertiary hospital group (n = 6095). Clinical outcomes including in-hospital death and all-cause death were compared between the two groups using propensity-score matched analysis. Patients in non-tertiary hospitals were older and had more comorbidities than those in tertiary hospitals. The study population had a mean follow-up of 2.1 ± 1.2 years. In the propensity-score matched permanent pacemaker group (n = 5076 pairs), the incidence of in-hospital death (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43–1.32, p = 0.33) and all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.92, 95% CI 0.81–1.05, p = 0.24) were not significantly different between tertiary and non-tertiary hospitals. These findings were consistently observed in the propensity-score matched implantable cardioverter-defibrillator group (n = 992 pairs, OR for in-hospital death: 1.76, 95% CI 0.51–6.02, p = 0.37; HR for all-cause death: 0.95, 95% CI 0.72–1.24, p = 0.70). In patients undergoing first and new implantation of CIED in Korea, mortality was not different between tertiary and non-tertiary hospitals.
Pilot study of minimum occlusive force of vascular clamps on arterial vessels in rats
Authors: Sun Rui , Ren Lizhi , Zhang Zepeng , Wu Xiaofen , Wang Qianqian , Zhang Sui , Yang Xiaowen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur aims were to determine the accuracy of an improved formula for determining the minimum occlusive force (MOF) of a vascular clamp on rats’ abdominal aortas, compare our findings with the calculated theoretical MOF, and provide reference data for clinical research and development of medical instruments that cause minimal damage. We created a vessel closure model and developed a formula for calculating the theoretical MOF of arterial vessels when they are occluded. This formula utilises the blood pressure in the blood vessel, its diameter, and the width of the vascular clamp. We then measured the actual MOF in 24 rat abdominal aortic segments with different diameters and different blood pressures and compared the theoretical and actual MOFs. Analysis of the experimental data showed a probability of 0.315, which means that, under the condition of normal distribution, the difference between the theoretical and actual MOF is not significant at the α = 0.05 level. Thus, the actual measured MOF tended to be consistent with the theoretical MOF calculated by the formula we developed. The improved formula will provide a reference for clinical research and development of medical instruments that cause minimal injury, thus contributing to the development of microsurgery.
Propensity score-matched analysis for comparing transpancreatic sphincterotomy and needle-knife precut in difficult biliary cannulation
Authors: Tabak Fatema , Wang Fei , Ji Guo-Zhong , Miao Lin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTranspancreatic sphincterotomy (TPS) can be an alternative approach of difficult biliary access in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TPS compared to needle-knife precut (NKP), considering the early and late outcomes of both techniques. The prospectively collected clinical data, ERCP procedure findings, and outcomes of patients who underwent ERCP with difficult biliary access in our hospital from July 2016 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the applied secondary cannulation techniques. The propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to reduce the potential selection bias and unify the preventive measures of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in both groups. A total of 125 patients were enrolled in this study, with 54.4% male and a mean age of 63.29 ± 16.33 years. NKP group included 82 patients, and 43 patients received TPS. Prophylactic pancreatic stents were placed in all patients with TPS and 58.5% of patients with NKP. After applying PSM, the cohort was comprised to 86 patients with 43 patients in each TPS and NKP groups. Successful selective cannulation was achieved by 95.3% using TPS and by 93% using NKP. The mean procedure time was shorter in the TPS group without significant difference. Compared to NKP, using TPS did not affect the rate of PEP. Moreover, TPS was associated with less frequent post-ERCP bleeding and perforation, but without significant differences (all p > 0.05). Patients who received TPS or NKP had no symptoms related to papillary stenosis or chronic pancreatitis during the follow-up period. In conclusion, using TPS in difficult cannulation cases was useful to achieve success cannulation with an acceptable PEP rate and less frequent post-ERCP bleeding and perforation compared to NKP. There were no symptoms related to papillary stenosis or chronic pancreatitis during the follow-up period.
Acute and chronic effects of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) PM1 on honey bee gut microbiota under laboratory conditions
Authors: Papa G. , Di Prisco G. , Spini G. , Puglisi E. , Negri I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApis mellifera is an important provider of ecosystem services, and during flight and foraging behaviour is exposed to environmental pollutants including airborne particulate matter (PM). While exposure to insecticides, antibiotics, and herbicides may compromise bee health through alterations of the gut microbial community, no data are available on the impacts of PM on the bee microbiota. Here we tested the effects of ultrapure Titanium dioxide (TiO2) submicrometric PM (i.e., PM1, less than 1 µm in diameter) on the gut microbiota of adult bees. TiO2 PM1 is widely used as a filler and whitening agent in a range of manufactured objects, and ultrapure TiO2 PM1 is also a common food additive, even if it has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen in Group 2B. Due to its ubiquitous use, honey bees may be severely exposed to TiO2 ingestion through contaminated honey and pollen. Here, we demonstrated that acute and chronic oral administration of ultrapure TiO2 PM1 to adult bees alters the bee microbial community; therefore, airborne PM may represent a further risk factor for the honey bee health, promoting sublethal effects against the gut microbiota.
Impact of age, sex, and joint form on degenerative lesions of the sacroiliac joints on CT in the normal population
Authors: Ziegeler Katharina , Kreutzinger Virginie , Diekhoff Torsten , Roehle Robert , Poddubnyy Denis , Pumberger Matthias , Hamm Bernd , Hermann Kay Geert A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDegeneration of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) is a common finding, while its underlying cause and development remain incompletely understood. The aim of this investigation was to describe the spatial distribution of degenerative SIJ changes across age groups and to investigate for the first time their relationship to anatomical form and sex. For this IRB-approved investigation, demographic data of 818 patients without SIJ disease were retrieved from electronic patient records. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) datasets of all patients were analysed retrospectively for seven predefined age groups (ten-year increments, from < 25 to ≥ 75). A structured scoring system was applied to assess sclerosis, osteophytes, joint space alterations, and anatomical form. Chi-square tests were used to compare frequencies of degenerative lesions, and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between demographic data, anatomical form, and the presence of structural lesions. Sclerosis and osteophytes were common findings, with an overall prevalence of 45.7% and 46.8%, respectively. Female sex had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.15 (95% CI: 0.08–0.27) for the presence of ventral osteophytes and of 4.42 (95% CI: 2.77–7.04) for dorsal osteophytes. Atypical joint forms were significantly more prevalent in women with 62.1% vs. 14.1% in men (p < 0.001). Accessory joints increased the likelihood of dorsal sclerosis (OR 2.735; 95% CI 1.376–5.436) while a typical joint form decreased its likelihood (OR 0.174; 95% CI 0.104–0.293). Sex and anatomical joint form have a major impact on the development of degenerative lesions of the SIJs and their spatial distribution.
New insights into the standard method of assessing bacterial filtration efficiency of medical face masks
Authors: Pourchez Jérémie , Peyron Aurélien , Montigaud Yoann , Laurent Coralie , Audoux Estelle , Leclerc Lara , Verhoeven Paul O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBased on the current knowledge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, wearing a mask has been recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) measurements enable designing and regulating medical masks to prevent bioaerosol dissemination; however, despite the simplicity of these measurements, several scientific questions remain unanswered regarding BFE tests. Here, we investigated (1) the impact of substituting 100-mm Petri dishes with 90-mm disposable Petri dishes, (2) the impact of colony-counting methods on the bioaerosol aerodynamic size, and (3) the impact of colony-counting methods on the total viable particle counts. We demonstrated that disposable 90-mm Petri dishes can be used to replace the 100-mm dishes. We also showed that an automatic high-resolution colony counter can be used to directly count viable particles on collection substrates and to measure the bioaerosol size parameters. Our results enable possible modernization of the outdated testing methods recommended in the US and European standards for BFE measurements. Specifically, use of a modernized colony counter should be clearly regulated and permitted to avoid the counting of positive holes. The median aerodynamic diameter appears to be the most relevant parameter for characterizing bioaerosol size.
Metabolic activity of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT according to immune subtyping
Authors: Lim Chae Hong , Yoon Sang Eun , Kim Seok Jin , Cho Junhun , Ko Young Hyeh , Lee Kyung-Han , Kim Won Seog 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDisseminated extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is associated with dismal prognosis. Hence, distinct tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) subtypes were proposed to explain their influence on ENKTL progression and help predict treatment response. In this study, we investigated the capacity of FDG PET/CT to discern ENKTL TIME subtypes. A total of 108 pretreatment FDG PET/CT scans of 103 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed ENKTL were retrospectively analyzed. TIME subtype was determined using three key immunohistochemical markers. SUVmax, MTV and TLG were measured, and metabolic features associated with TIME subtype were statistically extracted. TIME subtype was immune tolerance (IT) in 13.9%, immune evasion A (IE-A) in 56.5%, immune evasion B (IE-B) in 21.3%, and immune silenced (IS) in 8%. The IS group showed the highest SUVmax (15.9 ± 6.4, P = 0.037), followed by IE-A (14.1 ± 7.8), IE-B (10.9 ± 5.6), and IT groups (9.6 ± 5.1). Among 53 with only nasal FDG lesions, 52 had non-IS subtype. Among 55 with extra-nasal FDG lesions, those with IS subtype more often had adrenal (P = 0.001) or testis involvement (P = 0.043), greater MTV (P = 0.005), greater TLG (P = 0.005), and SUVmax located at extra-nasal sites. The presence of 0–2 and 3–4 of these four findings was associated with low probability (2/46) and high probability (6/9) of IS subtype, respectively. Furthermore, patients showing IS subtype-favoring PET/CT pattern had worse overall survival compared to their counterparts. These results demonstrate that FDG PET/CT can help predict immune subtype in ENKTL patients. The different patterns between glycolytic activity and involved site according to TIME subtype might be related to the interplay between tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Type 2 diabetes is more predictable in women than men by multiple anthropometric and biochemical measures
Authors: Li Tangying , Quan Huibiao , Zhang Huachuan , Lin Leweihua , Lin Lu , Ou Qianying , Chen Kaining 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMen and women are sexually dimorphic but whether common anthropometric and biochemical parameters predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) in different ways has not been well studied. Here we recruit 1579 participants in Hainan Province, China, and group them by sex. We compared the prediction power of common parameters of T2D in two sexes by association, regression, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. HbA1c is associated with FPG stronger in women than in men and the regression coefficient is higher, consistent with higher prediction power for T2D. Age, waist circumference, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, fasting insulin, and proinsulin levels all predict T2D better in women. Except for diastolic blood pressure, all parameters associate or tend to associate with FPG stronger in women than in men. Except for diastolic blood pressure and fasting proinsulin, all parameters associate or tend to associate with HbA1c stronger in women than in men. Except for fasting proinsulin and HDL, the regression coefficients of all parameters with FPG and HbA1c were higher in women than in men. Together, by the above anthropometric and biochemical measures, T2D is more readily predicted in women than men, suggesting the importance of sex-based subgroup analysis in T2D research.
Robust PI protective tracking control of decentralized‐power trains with model uncertainties against over‐speed and signal passed at danger
Authors: Yan Lu , Gao Ying , Yuan Zhiming , Zhao Hongtao , Gao Shigen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractControlling the movements of trains to desired target speed and distance without breaking through safety regions is of primary importance in practical applications for safety reasons. In the classical train control and protection framework, automatic train operation regulates the speed and distance with respect to tracking desired ones under the supervision of automatic train protection, an independently operating subsystem, to prevent the phenomenon of over‐speed and signal passed at danger. This motivates to develop an integrated control scheme combining functions of control and protection, achieving protective tracking control against over‐speed and signal passed at danger doubtlessly. Meanwhile, computationally inexpensive control structure is desired for practical applications due to limited computing resource provided by on‐board computer on trains. In this paper, a robust control with PI structure and protective tracking is proposed for decentralized‐power trains regardless of model uncertainties. Specifically, the circumvent problem of over‐speed and signal passed at danger is formulated as prescribed performance control. It is proved rigorously that the proposed approach results in stable closed‐loop system, and finally, comparative simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages.
Years of good life is a well-being indicator designed to serve research on sustainability
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Striessnig Erich , Dimitrova Anna , Ghislandi Simone , Lijadi Anastasia , Reiter Claudia , Spitzer Sonja , Yildiz Dilek 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Attempts at comprehensive quantitative assessments of sustainable development can focus on either determinants or constituents of long-term human well-being. While much research on determinants has relied on economic concepts of capital and inclusive wealth, here we focus on the constituents of well-being using a demographic approach. We construct a tailor-made metric based on life expectancy and indicators of objective and subjective well-being. The future trend in this metric has the potential to serve as a sustainability criterion and marks a crucial step in the endeavor to comprehensively assess sustainable development. At this stage, it is only applied to observed past and current conditions. To address sustainability, it will be combined with scenarios addressing future changes including feedback from environmental change.
Communicating artificial neural networks develop efficient color-naming systems
Authors: Chaabouni Rahma , Kharitonov Eugene , Dupoux Emmanuel , Baroni Marco 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceColor names in human languages are organized into efficient systems optimizing an accuracy/complexity trade-off. We show that artificial neural networks trained with generic deep-learning methods to play a color-discrimination game develop color-naming systems whose distribution on the accuracy/complexity plane is strikingly similar to that of human languages. We proceed to show that efficiency and narrow complexity crucially depend on the discrete nature of communication, acting as an information bottleneck on the emergent code. This suggests that efficient categorization of colors (and possibly other semantic domains) in natural languages does not depend on specific biological constraints of humans, but it is instead a general property of discrete communication systems.
Testosterone reduces generosity through cortical and subcortical mechanisms
Authors: Ou Jianxin , Wu Yin , Hu Yang , Gao Xiaoxue , Li Hong , Tobler Philippe N. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Testosterone is associated with aggressive behavior in both animals and humans. Here, we establish a link between increased testosterone and selfishness in economic decision making and identify the neural mechanisms through which testosterone reduces generosity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-participant study. We find that testosterone induces more selfish choices, particularly when distant others are concerned. Moreover, it disrupts the representation of other-regarding value in local activity and functional connectivity involving the temporoparietal junction and subcortical regions involved in reward processing. Our study provides causal evidence for a testosterone-mediated neurohormonal link between generosity and the valuation system.
Extreme weather events and military conflict over seven centuries in ancient Korea
Authors: Jun Tackseung , Sethi Rajiv 
Published: March 2021

Significance
We examine the link between extreme weather events and interstate conflict using data covering the three ancient kingdoms on the Korean Peninsula over seven centuries. Extreme weather events, such as drought and heavy rainfall, have a direct causal effect on conflict, but this effect is asymmetric: Shocks are far more likely to give rise to opportunistic invasions (where the state experiencing the shock is attacked) than to desperate invasions (where the state experiencing the shock initiates attack). We identify food insecurity as a critical source of vulnerability. Since climate change is leading to increased frequency of extreme weather events, a better understanding of the implications for labor-intensive armed conflict can help with mitigation strategies.