bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phakic Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses for the Correction of High Myopia
Authors: Ertürk Haluk , Özçetin Hikmet 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This article evaluates the benefits and risks of silicone intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted just anterior to the surface of the crystalline lens.
METHODS: In this pilot study, 8 silicone IOLs were implanted into the posterior chambers of 8 phakic, myopic eyes (-8.00 to -20.00 diopters [D]) under local anesthesia through a 6-mm corneal incision.
RESULTS: Five of the eyes (62.5%) had a spherical equivalent refraction within ±1.00 D and all were within ±1.50 D of the attempted correction. The spectacle-corrected visual acuities were improved postoperatively in all eyes. Anterior chamber depths were decreased with a mean depth of 0.288 mm. Slight decentrations were observed in three eyes without any optical problems.
CONCLUSION: Phakic posterior chamber lenses are a promising intervention in highly myopic patients, especially in anisometropia. Further study is needed to prove the reliability of this technique. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:388-391.]
Wound Healing Following Intrastromal Photorefractive Keratectomy With the Nd:YLF Picosecond Laser in the Cat
Authors: Habib Maged S , Speaker Mark G , McCormick Steven A , Kaiser Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We studied the histopathology of the stromal wound healing response in the cat cornea following intrastromal photorefractive keratectomy (IPRK) with the Nd: YLF picosecond laser.
METHODS: Intrastromal PRK was performed in the anterior stroma of cat corneas with the Nd:YLF picosecond laser. The cats were sacrificed at predetermined intervals ranging from immediately to 6 months postoperatively. Effects of the laser treatment on the epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, and the endothelium were evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy. No anti-inflammatory agents were used.
RESULTS: Intrastromal PRK resulted in no perceptible damage to the corneal epithelium or Bowman's layer either acutely or at 6 months. The corneal stroma showed multiple cavitations immediately after intrastromal PRK, which collapsed over several hours, followed by thinning of the cornea over 2 weeks. At 1 month, the stromal collagen was abnormal with surrounding hyperceUularity. The endothelium showed no injury, acutely or at 6 months. No thermal effects on stromal collagen were observed at 6 months, and disruption of the lamellar pattern was not apparent after the cavitation bubbles were reabsorbed.
CONCLUSION: Intrastromal PRK can effectively remove stromal tissue without acute damage to the adjacent lamellae, epithelium, or endothelium. There is a transient cellular wound healing response associated with a transient stromal collagen abnormality at 2 weeks to 1 month, which was not apparent 2 months after the procedure. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:442-447.]
Nocardia Keratitis After Traumatic Detachment of a Laser in situ Keratomileusis Flap
Authors: Kim Eung K , Lee Dong H , Lee Kyungwon , Lim Seung J , Yoon Il S , Lee Young G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Nocardia are gram-positive bacteria existing ubiquitously in the environment; they can cause keratitis. Nocardia asteroides keratitis occurred in the interface between the stromal bed and flap after traumatic detachment of the flap 4 months after an initially uncomplicated laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure.
METHODS: Nocardia asteroides keratitis was confirmed by culture. Therapy included topical and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
RESULTS: Thirteen months after the trauma, the patient's spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 with a manifest refraction of -2.25 -1.00 ? 30°.
CONCLUSIONS: The immediate steps of management consisting of surgically lifting the corneal flap, rapid microbial identification, and proper treatment with specific antibiotics resulted in the successful treatment of Nocardia asteroides keratitis in a traumatized eye after LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:467-469]
Is Abnormal Focal Steepening of the Cornea Related to Persistent Monocular Diplopia?
Authors: Takei Kazuo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Some case reports have shown that abnormal focal steepening of the cornea appears to cause monocular diplopia by prismatic effect. The purpose of this study was to ascertain prospectively if the pattern of corneal distortion was related specifically to persistent monocular diplopia.
METHODS: We selected 16 visually normal eyes (controls) and two groups of volunteers in which abnormal focal steepening of the cornea was expected to be found: 40 eyes of 20 volunteers who wore rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (RGP) for myopia and 10 eyes of seven patients with keratoconus. New charts that consisted of white dials on a black background were prepared for detection and measurement of secondary images. Any secondary image that could not be eliminated by any trial lens correction was defined as a persistent secondary image, using the charts. Corneal topography from all subjects was classified: round or oval, symmetric or asymmetric bowtie, abnormal focal steepening accompanied by contact lens-induced corneal warpage or keratoconus, or amorphous. We analyzed the relationship between the persistent secondary image and the corneal topographical patterns.
RESULTS: A persistent secondary image was detected from seven eyes of RGP wearers and all keratoconus eyes. All corneal topographies of the seven RGP eyes with a persistent secondary image showed abnormal focal steepening related to contact lens-induced corneal warpage. The direction of the persistent secondary image was approximately consistent with the location of the focal steepening as seen on the corneal topography.
CONCLUSION: Abnormal focal steepening of the cornea that appeared to produce a prismatic difference between two parts of the cornea was specifically related to persistent monocular diplopia. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:253-262]
Comparison of Wavefront-guided Customized Ablation vs. Conventional Ablation in Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Vongthongsri Anun , Phusitphoykai Nutharin , Naripthapan Pichit 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare visual outcome after applying wavefront-guided customized ablation with conventional ablation in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASDX) patients.
METHODS: We performed a prospective, randomized controlled study that included 22 eyes of 11 patients who were treated with LASBK using the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser system. We applied wavefront-guided customized ablation (study group) in the first eye of each patient. The conventional ablation (control group) was performed in the other eye of the same patient. Best spectaclecorrected visual acuity (BSCVA), spherical equivalent refraction, and high-order aberrations were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 month. Highorder aberrations were measured using the Nidek OPD-Scan.
RESULTS: Preoperative and 1-month postoperative BSCVA were better than 20/40 (100%) after LASDX with both conventional ablation (control) and wavefront-guided customized ablation. Preoperatively, mean high-order aberrations in the control group were 0.572 and in the study group, 0.428 (Zernike coefficient unit). One-month after LASDI, mean high-order aberrations in the control group were 0.496 and in the study group, 0.476 (Zernike coefficient unit). We found no statistically significant difference between preoperative and 1-month postoperative high-order aberrations in either group.
CONCLUSION: LASDX with both conventional ablation and wavefront-guided customized ablation resulted in the same BSCVA 1 month after LASDX. Preoperative and 1-month postoperative high-order aberrations were not statistically different following LASDX between ablation types. [J Refract Surg 2002;18(suppl):S332-S335]
Clinical Experience With the Customized Low Spherical Aberration Ablation Profile for Myopia
Authors: Sarkisian Karen A , Petrov Alexey A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate postoperative spherical aberration reduction and increase of visual acuity with new Flex Scan and custom ablation software.
METHODS: We created a new customized low spherical aberration ablation profile for myopic patients (true spherical ablation). This aspheric algorithm increases ablation in the midperiphery and periphery to reduce surgery-induced spherical aberration. LASIK was performed in 143 eyes, 127 with the true spherical ablation profile, and 16 with the custom true spherical ablation profile. We used the Nidek OPD-Scan and the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. Ablation zones of 6.0 to 6.5 mm and transition zones of 8.5 to 9.0 mm were used. Preoperative myopia was as much as -6.50 D, and astigmatism, -2.50 D.
RESULTS: In the true spherical ablation profile group, 37.8% of eyes achieved UCVA better than 1.0 (1.2 to 2.0). In custom true spherical ablation profile eyes, 62.5% achieved UCVA better than 1.0 (1.2 to IJi). One patient had on the day after surgery (true spherical ablation profile) an UCVA of 3.0 (preoperative UCVA was 0.1 and BSCVA was 1.0 in each eye). Preoperative and postoperative OPD-Scan analysis showed reduction of spherical-like aberrations for dilated pupil after surgery or insignificant changes for most patients. No patient had any complaints concerning quality of vision.
CONCLUSION: LASIX based on our true spherical ablation profile produced good visual acuity results for myopic patients. [J Refract Surg 2002: 18(suppl):S352-S356]
Standards for Reporting the Optical Aberrations of Eyes
Authors: Thibos Larry N , Applegate Raymond A , Schwiegerling James T , Webb Robert 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In response to a perceived need in the vision community, an OSA taskforce was formed at the 1999 topical meeting on vision science and its applications (VSIA-99) and charged with developing consensus recommendations on definitions, conventions, and standards for reporting of optical aberrations of human eyes. Progress reports were presented at the 1999 OSA annual meeting and at VSIA2000 by the chairs of three taskforce subcommittees on (1) reference axes, (2) describing functions, and (3) model eyes. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:S652-S660]
The Racquet Conjunctival Flap
Authors: Cies William A , Odeh-Nasrala Nicholas 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
I ? situations requiring a conjunctival flap to cover a corneal defect, the racquet flap technique is a simple relatively noninvasive method. Less conjunctiva is sacrificed and yet the flap is fully maintained by the one pedicle. The bulbar conjunctiva is maintained in an essentially normal state.
The Circular Loop Intraocular Lens
Authors: Parelman Allen G 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A large series of cases of intracapsular cataract extractions with implantation of the recently introduced Medallion circular loop lens is reviewed. Case selection, surgical technique, postoperative management, complications and results are presented in detail. Surgical and visual results have been excellent and compare favorably with intracapsular cataract surgery performed without artificial lens implantation. The transiridectomy clip of the posterior supporting circular loop provides an excellent system of lens fixation and eliminates the need for an iris suture with the potential long-term complications of possible iris suture absorption. The lens is essentially unluxatable. A particularly low incidence of cystoid macular edema, as well as other long-term postoperative complications, has been encouraging.
The surgical technical requirements for implantation of this particular implant are very exacting. Further refinements in design and construction of this artificial lens based on the experiences developed in this series of cases are proposed.
Clinical Safety of Corneal Storage Media
Authors: Mishler Ken E , Keates Richard H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A study of the bacteriological safety of McCarey-Kaufman (M-K) media was undertaken.
Twenty-five consecutive cultures of M-K media with a standard penicillinstreptomycin additive were performed at the time of keratoplasty. All cultures were negative, confirming the clinical safety of this media.
A Simple and Safe Suture for Fixation of Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Alpar John J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Presented is a new simplified and safe suturing technique to prevent Bi nkhorst and Fyodorov Il lenses from dislocating. To date, 74 lenses have been implanted by this technique. There have been no complications. Follow-up time is from three weeks to 14 months.
The Management of Pterygium
Authors: Ehrlich Dion 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A rationale for the management of pterygium, based on theory and clinical experience, is presented in this review. Pterygium is classified as primary, secondary (recurrent), or Pseudopterygium. Empirical data and proposed theories of pterygium pathogenesis and recurrence are discussed. The treatment of pterygium based on this information is divided into four phases; diagnosis, medical therapy, surgery, and postoperative adjunctive measures. The indications, techniques, results, and complications of the postoperative adjunctive measures used to lower recurrence are considered. Guidelines for the treatment of pterygium are recommended.
Histocompatibility Matching in Poor Prognosis Combined Procedure Keratoplasty
Authors: Bennett Thomas O , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYTo determine the effect of histocompatibility matching and mismatching at the rabbit leukocyte-locus A (RL-A locus) on graft survival in rabbits, we created a model to enhance graft failure. Rabbit corneas received alkali burns with consequent vascularization of the graft bed. Each rabbit underwent large (10-mm) penetrating keratoplasty and simultaneous lens extraction. Grafts in four of six corneas from the matched group remained transparent for the extent of the experiment; none of the grafts in the mismatched group were transparent at the end of the experiment
Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Complications of Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Eichenbaum Daniel M , Jaffe Norman S , Clayman Henry M , Light David S 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Several clinical situations have been presented in which pars plana vitrectomy has proven beneficial in the treatment of vitreous complications of lens implantation. Removal of the central opacity and enlargement of the pupil are essential to improve vision, relieve pupillary block and achieve an adequate view of the retina. Pars plana vitrectomy offers a method for the controlled removal of membrane, vitreous and iris tissues without unnecessary distortion of anterior segment anatomy.
The Need for Intraocular Lens Implantation in Children
Authors: Hiles David A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The intraocular lens offers an additional experimental parameter to be considered for the visual rehabilitation of children with traumatic or unilateral infantile cataracts. The disadvantages of aphakic spectacles or contact lens and amblyopia have committed many of these eyes to the status of visual cripples. In this series of 41 patients, with a maximum of 24 months follow-up, it has been concluded that the IOL may be successfully implanted.
Orthoptic Consequences of Binkhorst Lens Implantation for Unilateral Cataract
Authors: Ridgway Alan E A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Stereoacuity levels regained after uniocular lens implantation for unilateral cataract are related to the final visual acuity of the operated eye. They compare unfavorably with levels reported in normal populations and are unrelated to the period of monocularity and the residual optical defects of the operated eyes. Using random dot stereograms as a criterion, over a third of thirty-five patients remained stereoblind after treatment.
Staphyloma As A Late Complication of Trabeculectomy
Authors: Spaeth George L , Rodrigues Merlyn M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A clinicopathologic study was performed of a scleral staphyloma occurring two years after a trabecutectomy for neovascular glaucoma. In a series of thirteen cases with secondary glaucoma four developed staphylomas in the area of the excision of sclera and trabeculum. A young, black male with atypical pigmentary glaucoma also developed a staphyloma.
The possibility of the development of a staphyloma should be considered when selecting an appropriate operative procedure for uncontrolled glaucoma.
The Dangers of Metal-Loop Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Shepard Dennis D 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The author implanted 500 intraocular lenses (IOLs) during intracapsular surgery. Data from the 60 lenses with metal posterior loops showed a markedly high incidence of complications compared to plastic loops: twice as many overall complications, three times the cystoid macular edema, three times the rate for subsequent corrective surgical procedures, and 30 times more IOLs had to be removed. IOL manufacturers are advised to abandon metal loops for intracapsular implantation. Polypropylene is suggested as the apparent ideal loop material.
Use of Na-Hyaluronate During Intraocular Lens Implantation in Rabbits
Authors: Miller David , O'Connor Patricia , Williams James 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
It is now established that there is a destructive biophysical interaction between a plastic intraocular lens and the corneal endothelium during intraocular lens implantation. In the present study, Na-hyaluronate was placed into the anterior chamber of one eye of 20 rabbits, after lens extraction and prior to pseudophake implantation, in an attempt to protect the corneal endothelium. The other eye of each rabbit was subjected to a lens extraction and pseudophake implantation in the conventional manner. During the 4-week postoperative period, it was observed that the eye treated with Na-hyaluronate showed significantly less corneal edema as well as less iris engorgement and edema.
The Biologic and Physical Criteria for Suture Selection in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Blaydes J Elliott , Salthouse Thomas N 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
This paper has discussed histochemical, physical, and clinical considerations involved in proper suture selection for cataract surgery. Guidelines are proposed so that the surgeon can employ a standard method for evaluating each suture's performance. Accordingly, the surgeon can select the proper suture to satisfy his needs regardless of his operative technique.
Argon Laser Photocoagulation of a Vitreo-Corneal Adhesion After Trauma
Authors: Bahn Charles F , Vine Andrew K , Wolter J Reimer , Martonyi Csaba L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Argon laser photocoagulation of a vitreo-corneal adhesion following extraction of a traumatically displaced lens was possible because of hematogenous pigmentation of the vitreous band from a vitreous hemorrhage.
Ultraviolet Light Transmission of the Lens Capsule
Authors: Keates Richard H , Genstler Darrell E , Tarabichi Samih 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A Cary, Model 118, spectrophotometer was used to measure spectral absorbence by the human lens capsule of wavelengths 200 nm to 400 nm. The lens capsule transmits greater than 90% of the incident UV light, and thus does not appear to provide significant protection for the retina from UV radiation. This suggests that the lower incidence of aphakic cystoid macular edema in the eye with an intact posterior capsule is not related to UV light absorption by the lens capsule.
Dermoid Tumor Involving the Lacrimal Drainage Pathway: A Case Report
Authors: Hurwitz J J , Rodgers J , Doucet T W 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Dermoid tumors of the orbit frequently are encountered in children and young adults. We describe an interesting case of an orbital dermoid which involved the lacrimal excretory system in a 27-year-old female. We emphasize the importance of a preoperative assessment in planning the surgical approach and anticipating the possible surgical complications. The role of the canaliculo-dacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) in the management of such a patient is emphasized.
Looking Back or Looking Forward?
Authors: Sommer Alfred , Steinmann William C 
Published: April 2021

The following is the first in a series of articles that will focus on the principles that readers should keep in mind when critically considering the validity and applicability of results reported in the medical literature. We hope that this section will not only enhance the understanding and interpretation of information, but also will contribute to increased understanding of clinical research strategies and improved skill in the critical review process.
Some of the articles will be self-contained discussions of basic principles. Occasionally, methodological commentary will be provided for an article published in the same issue of Ophthalmic Surgery, as is the case with the following remarks on issues raised by Dr Kitazawa et al's study of the effect of apraclonidine on intraocular pressure after laser iridotomy. In this connection, lest our intent be misconstrued, let me hasten to add that we publish only what we believe are valuable articles. To comment on their strengths and weaknesses is only to bring into sharper focus what we already know about all studies: that they have limitations and that the better we understand those limitations, the better it will be for our research and for our patients.
-GLS
Wound Healing in an Animal Model of Glaucoma Fistulizing Surgery in the Rabbit
Authors: Miller M H , Grierson I , Unger W I , Hitchings R A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We developed a model of glaucoma fistulizing surgery in the rabbit. As is the case with wound healing in general, there was inflammation followed by repair. The sclerostomy and bleb closed due to bulk filling by granulation tissue and contraction by migratory fibroblasts observed at three days) and by myofibroblasts (observed at ten and 17 days). Fifty-eight percent of blebs had collapsed by ten days, and 94% by 17 days. The fibroblasts were migrating from the episcleral tissues, from the epimysium of the superior rectus, and from subconjunctival connective tissue. Intraocular pressure and facility of aqueous outflow were measured, but we concluded that intraocular pressure is not a reliable indicator of bleb function or of a patent sclerostomy in this model.
Problems Associated With Penetrating Keratoplasty for Corneal Edema in Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Huang Samuel C M , Soong H Kaz , Brenz Richard M , Meyer Roger F , Sugar Alan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Corneal edema from congenital glaucoma is a rare indication for penetrating keratoplasty. We report the complications and problems associated with eight consecutive penetrating keratoplasties performed in adult eyes with a history of congenital glaucoma. Only 25% of the eyes achieved 20/40 or better vision after surgery. These generally poor results can be attributed to previous glaucomatous optic nerve damage, to complications related to previous surgery, and possibly to amblyopia. The most common surgical complication was postoperative elevation of intraocular pressure, which occurred in all the cases (8/8 eyes), and required permanent augmentation of glaucoma medications in seven eyes (88%), and glaucoma surgery in four eyes (50%). Two eyes (25%) developed corneal graft failure, one from immune rejection and the other from severe postoperative glaucoma necessitating cyclocryotherapy. In view of these complications and the multiple impediments to good postoperative vision, we advise that penetrating keratoplasty be reserved for patients with severe visual disability whose preoperative glaucoma is well controlled.