bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term changes in temperate marine fish assemblages are driven by a small subset of species
Authors: Gotelli Nicholas J. , Moyes Faye , Antão Laura H. , Blowes Shane A. , Dornelas Maria , McGill Brian J. , Penny Amelia , Schipper Aafke M. , Shimadzu Hideyasu , Supp Sarah R. , Waldock Conor A. , Magurran Anne E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe species composition of plant and animal assemblages across the globe has changed substantially over the past century. How do the dynamics of individual species cause this change? We classified species into seven unique categories of temporal dynamics based on the ordered sequence of presences and absences that each species contributes to an assemblage time series. We applied this framework to 14,434 species trajectories comprising 280 assemblages of temperate marine fishes surveyed annually for 20 or more years. Although 90% of the assemblages diverged in species composition from the baseline year, this compositional change was largely driven by only 8% of the species' trajectories. Quantifying the reorganization of assemblages based on species shared temporal dynamics should facilitate the task of monitoring and restoring biodiversity. We suggest ways in which our framework could provide informative measures of compositional change, as well as leverage future research on pattern and process in ecological systems.
Flood‐recession cropping in the mid‐Zambezi Valley: A neglected farming system with potential to improve household food security and income
Authors: Chimweta Moreblessing , Nyakudya Innocent Wadzanayi , Jimu Luke , Musemwa Lovemore , Mashingaidze Arnold Bray , Musara Joseph Persevearance , Kashe Keotshephile 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlood‐based farming systems can contribute significantly to smallholder farmers’ food security and household income. The objectives of this study were to assess socio‐economic importance of flood‐recession cropping (FRC); characterise maize agronomic practices; determine factors that affect selection of crop establishment method; and identify major crop production challenges in the mid‐Zambezi Valley. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 123 respondents, 11 focus group discussions and field observations. Factors affecting selection of crop establishment method were analysed using the binary logistic regression model and all other data were analysed using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20.0. FRC was ranked highest among livelihood sources. Crops grown and allocated mean land areas (ha) were maize (0.56), sweet potato (0.25), sugar beans (0.16), okra (0.32), cowpea (0.21), tomato (0.14) and watermelon (0.19). Most farmers (69%) established crops by holing out planting stations in furrows. Maize plant spacing averaged 0.86 × 0.64 m and 75% of the farmers planted at least four seeds per station at 0.28 m mean depth. Only 8.9% of the farmers used inorganic fertilisers and 4.3% used certified seed. Furrow and holing out was more likely to be practised by farmers who resided in Muzarabani, had more household labour, perceived their fields as inadequate, owned more draught power animals, and cited high temperature as a challenge. The more years a farmer had practised FRC, the less likely they were to practise furrow and holing out. Major production challenges were pest damage, and inadequate labour and equipment. There are opportunities to (1) improve crop yields through using certified seed, selecting appropriate crop establishment methods, optimising plant spacing, and microdosing with inorganic fertilisers; (2) intensify high‐value crop cultivation to create employment; and (3) diversify food and income through post‐harvest processing and value addition. Research should address crop pest damage, and inadequate labour and equipment, and yield benefits of different crop establishment methods.
Generating a new mouse model for nuclear PTEN deficiency by a single K13R mutation
Authors: Kato Takashi , Igarashi Atsushi , Sesaki Hiromi , Iijima Miho 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany human diseases, including cancer and neurological abnormalities, are linked to deficiencies of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a dual phosphatase that dephosphorylates both lipids and proteins. PTEN functions in multiple intracellular locations, including the plasma membrane and nucleus. Therefore, a critical challenge to understand the pathogenesis of PTEN‐associated diseases is to determine the specific role of PTEN at different locations. Toward this goal, the current study generated a mouse line in which lysine 13, which is critical for the nuclear localization of PTEN, is changed to arginine in the lipid‐binding domain using the CRISPR‐Ca9 gene‐editing system. We found that PTENK13R mice show a strong decrease in the localization of PTEN in the nucleus without affecting the protein stability, phosphatase activity, and phosphorylation in the C‐terminal tail region. PTENK13R mice are viable but produce smaller neurons and develop microcephaly. These data demonstrate that PTENK13R mice provide a useful animal model to study the role of PTEN in the nucleus in vivo.
Olive leaf‐derived PPAR agonist complex induces collagen IV synthesis in human skin models
Authors: Majewski George P. , Singh Smrita , Bojanowski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are known to modulate the synthesis of dermal lipids and proteins including collagens. Olive (Olea europaea) leaves have been reported to contain PPAR‐binding ligands. Collagen IV, a major dermal‐epidermal junction (DEJ) protein, degrades with both age and disease. Here, we report the formulation of a novel multi‐ligand complex, Linefade, and its effects on collagen IV synthesis.MethodsLinefade prepared from the leaves of Olea europaea contains 2% w/w plant extract solids dissolved in a mixture of glyceryl monoricinoleate and dimethyl isosorbide. In silico docking was performed with PPAR‐α (PDB ID: 2P54). Linefade was evaluated for PPAR‐α‐dependent transcription in a luciferase reporter assay system. Cell viability and collagen IV levels in human dermal fibroblast cultures were measured using the MTT method and ELISA assay, respectively. Transcriptome analysis was conducted on a full‐thickness reconstituted human skin (EpiDermFT) model. Ex vivo cell viability and collagen IV immunostaining were performed on human skin explants.ResultsIn silico docking model of the major constituents (oleanolic acid and glyceryl monoricinoleate) produced a co‐binding affinity of −6.7 Kcal/mole. Linefade significantly increased PPAR‐α transcriptional activity in CHO cells and collagen IV synthesis in adult human dermal fibroblasts. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 1% Linefade modulated the expression of 280 genes with some related to epidermal differentiation, DEJ, PPAR, Nrf2 and retinoid pathways. An ex vivo human explant study showed that 1% Linefade, delivered via a triglycerides excipient, increased collagen IV levels along the dermal–epidermal junction by 52%.ConclusionIn silico modelling and in vitro and ex vivo analyses confirmed Linefade‐mediated activation of PPAR‐α and stimulation of collagen IV synthesis.
Mechanical properties and oxidation behavior of SiCf/Ti3SiC2 composites prepared by hot isostatic pressing
Authors: Xiong Yi , Ye Zheng , Huang Jihua , Yang Jian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSiCf /Ti3SiC2 composites were fabricated by hot isostatic pressing using Ti3SiC2 powder and SiCf as starting materials at 1200°C for 2 h. A maximum flexural strength of 498 MPa and a fracture toughness of 6.76 MPa·m1/2 were achieved for a composite with 5 vol% SiCf and the microhardness reached 1068 HV1 with 25 vol% SiCf. SiC and Ti3SiC2 are thermodynamically stable according to the Ti–Si–C phase diagram. However, microstructure analysis showed that the SiCf was distributed uniformly in the Ti3SiC2 matrix with an interfacial layer that was composed of TiC and SiC. Elemental Al agglomeration in the Ti3SiC2 matrix occurred in this reaction layer, which was considered the inducing factor for the occurrence of the interfacial reaction. The interfacial reaction was intense with a low fiber content. Oxidation testing suggested that the oxidation rate increased with SiCf introduction. The oxidation mass gain curve plateaued after 15 h.
Recent developments in non‐thermal processing for seafood and seafood products: cold plasma, pulsed electric field and high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Rathod Nikheel Bhojraj , Kulawik Piotr , Ozogul Yesim , Ozogul Fatih , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. 
Published: October 2021

SummarySeafood and seafood products (SSPs) are highly perishable foods due to their chemical composition (high moisture content and nutrients). They are regarded as highly sensitive to different processing technologies. SSPs are subjected to various processing conditions with intent to extend their shelf life, quality and minimal nutritional degradation. Recently developed non‐thermal technologies (NTTs) have proved their efficacy in inactivation of microorganisms and enzymatic activities, enhancing the shelf life while maintaining the nutritional quality. Considering the significant impacts of NTTs on shelf life extension and maintaining quality parameters, it has attracted considerable interest by scientific communities and commercial applications in some cases. Thus, this article focuses on recent developments in the application of NTTs namely, cold plasma, pulsed electric field and high hydrostatic pressure as well as advantages and limitations of NTTs. In addition, their impacts on microbiological, physicochemical, quality and safety of SSPs are elucidated.
Control of powdery contents and mass rates of the extract in the dry substance of barley malt by photoluminescent method
Authors: Belyakov Mikhail V. , Kulikova Marina. G. , Gerts Andrej. A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn order to adapt the photoluminescent method for controlling the quality indicators of barley malt, experimental studies were carried out on its grains. The spectral characteristics of excitation and luminescence of products of various powdery contents and the mass rate of the extract in dry substance (extractivity) of the malt are qualitatively similar, though with an increase in submitted parameters, the curves shift upward. The dependences of powdery contents and extractivity on photoluminescence fluxes can be statistically reliably approximated by linear regression models. The developed technologies for photoluminescence control include sample preparation, excitation of luminescence at a wavelength of 424 nm, its registration in the range of 450–600 nm and amplification of the obtained electrical signal. Further, on the basis of previously established dependencies, powdery contents and extractivity of the malt are determined, after which a decision is made concerning further actions towards the products.
Potential applications and limitations of edible coatings for maintaining tomato quality and shelf life
Authors: Duguma Haile Tesfaye 
Published: October 2021

SummaryTomato is among the most commercialised fruits due to its high nutritional value and health‐promoting compounds. However, tomatoes have a short shelf life and plastic packaging materials are used to mitigate perishability. Nevertheless, the exhaustion of nonrenewable natural resources used to produce plastics and demand for eco‐friendly packaging entailed search for other alternatives. Edible coatings have emerged as an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to protect fruits from physical and chemical deterioration, and microbial spoilage. Edible coating can be produced from natural raw materials such as lipids, proteins and polysaccharides. The aim of this review was to assess the recent scientific literature regarding the application of edible coatings in maintaining quality and enhancing shelf life of tomatoes. This review has collected and analysed the most recent studies about the application of edible coatings of tomato. The available literature has indicated that different edible coatings have the potential to maintain physico‐chemical and sensory qualities and improve shelf life of tomatoes. Despite several benefits, edible coatings have poor barrier properties, and some of edible coatings impart undesirable flavour on produce. The review suggests that blending edible coatings with essential oil and active compounds using nanotechnologies could be used to overcome the limitations of edible coatings.
Obtaining of Chickpea Protein Isolate and its Application as Coating Enriched with Essential Oils from Satureja Hortensis and Satureja Mutica in Egg at Room Temperature
Authors: Farnejad Soudeh , Nouri Marjan , Safari Dolatabad Saeed 
Published: October 2021

SummaryEggs are one of the most nutritious products on a daily basis. The objective of present research is to investigate the impact of coatings on improving storage time and internal quality of eggs. Coating treatments included control (C), coated with chickpea protein isolate (CPI), coated with PI containing Satureja hortensis (CPISH), coated with PI containing Satureja mutica (CPISM). Internal quality was assessed by air cell depth, shell strength, weight loss, haugh unit, yolk and albumen pH, yolk index, microbial evaluation and scanning electron microscope. The weight loss increased during storage and its highest value was 6.12%. Edible coatings (CPI, CPISH, CPISM) preserved internal quality according to the haugh unit, yolk index and pH over 4 weeks (20 °C) compared with C. Haugh unit (5.04), yolk index (0.31), albumen (9.51) and yolk pH (7.04) were detected in C after 7 weeks. CPISH and CPISM protected shell is observed by scanning electron microscope and these coatings affected the internal quality and were appropriate alternatives to extend storage.
Experiences of current vital signs monitoring practices and views of wearable monitoring: A qualitative study in patients and nurses
Authors: Areia Carlos , King Elizabeth , Ede Jody , Young Louise , Tarassenko Lionel , Watkinson Peter , Vollam Sarah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo understand current experiences of vital signs monitoring of patients and clinical staff on a surgical ward, and views on the introduction of wearable ambulatory monitoring into the general ward environment.DesignQualitative study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews using topic guides were conducted with 15 patients and 15 nurses on a surgical ward between July 2018 and August 2019. The concept of ambulatory wearable devices for clinical monitoring was introduced at the end of the interview.ResultsThree interconnected themes were identified. Vital sign data as evidence for escalation, examined nurses' use of data to support escalation of care and the implications for patients perceived to be deteriorating who have not reached the threshold for escalation. The second theme, Trustworthiness of vital sign data, described nurses’ practice of using manual measurements to recheck or confirm automated vital signs readings when concerned. The final theme, finding a balance between continuous and intermittent monitoring, both patients and nurses agreed that although continuous monitoring may improve safety and reassurance, these needed to be balanced with multiple limitations. Factors to be considered included noise pollution, comfort, and impact on patient mobility and independence. Introduction of the concept of ambulatory wearable devices was viewed positively by both groups as offering solutions to some of the issues identified with traditional monitoring. However, most agreed that this would not be suitable for all patients and should not replace direct nurse/patient contact.ConclusionBoth patients and staff identified the benefits of continuous monitoring to improve patient safety but, due to limitations, use should be carefully considered and patient‐centred.ImpactFeedback from nurses and patients suggests there is scope for ambulatory monitoring systems to be integrated into the hospital environment; however, both groups emphasized these should not add more noise to the ward nor replace direct nursing contact.
A novel walk‐in clinic treatment intervention for youth presenting with anxiety and depression
Authors: McGuinty Jazlyn , Carlson Alain , Li Angela , Nelson John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTopicThis article explores a novel, single‐session treatment intervention for anxiety and depression through an externalizing process, transforming of metaphoric imagery, and shifting of underlying maladaptive emotional schemas within the Walk‐in counseling setting.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a novel, single‐session treatment protocol that is delineated through a six‐stage process (or mediators of change) for the clinical population of youth presenting with anxiety and/or depression, mild‐to‐moderate severity. These are two of the most common presenting concerns for this population and the proposed treatment intervention is from a very brief format. A case study is used to illustrate the treatment protocol which is presented in table format and within‐session description.Sources usedA composite literature review was conducted with relevant works specific to single‐session consultation including Walk‐in clinic models to mental health treatment.ConclusionsThe interconnected theoretical constructs both map and manualize its key clinical processes, which reflects the mechanism of change in this brief model. This proposed line of clinical research may introduce a paradigm shift towards specific treatments for specific presenting concerns in the Walk‐in counseling modality for youth.
Perimitral atrial tachycardias dependent on residual nonligament of Marshall conduction
Authors: Sato Yoshikazu , Kusa Shigeki , Hachiya Hitoshi , Yamao Kazuya , Miwa Naoyuki , Hara Satoshi , Hirano Hidenori , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation for perimitral atrial tachycardia (PMAT) that persists despite lateral mitral isthmus (LMI) ablation is challenging. The aim of this study was to identify the role of the ligament of Marshall (LOM) in PMATs that persist after LMI conduction block has been created, and evaluate the validity of ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall (VOM) as treatment.Methods and ResultsSixteen consecutive PMATs in 13 patients that persisted despite apparent LMI conduction block, which was confirmed by ultrahigh‐resolution mapping and entrainment pacing along the mitral annulus, were analyzed. PMATs were classified into two types based on the location of the endocardial breakthrough site: those utilizing the LOM (n = 13), which had a breakthrough site along with the LOM, and those not utilizing the LOM (n = 3), which had a breakthrough site at an anterior or posterior side of the LOM. Of the 16 PMATs, 5 PMATs (31%) were not suitable for ethanol infusion into the VOM because the LOM was not involved in the tachycardia circuit or because of the anatomy of the VOM. Fourteen PMATs (88%) were successfully terminated solely by breakthrough site ablation. At a mean follow‐up period of 12 ± 9 months, 10 (77%) patients have remained free from atrial tachyarrhythmias.ConclusionIn cases of PMAT following LMI ablation, epicardial conduction over the LMI can occur independently of the LOM. Ethanol infusion into the VOM in such cases would not abolish residual epicardial conduction. The anatomy of the VOM can also preclude the use of this method.
A reliable fossa ovalis impedance mapping for safer transseptal puncture: A new vision beyond voltage
Authors: Pentimalli Francesco , Cornara Stefano , Astuti Matteo , Bacino Luca , Somaschini Alberto , Mazzucchi Paolo , Buscaglia Elisa , Cordone Stefano , Ghione Matteo , Errigo Daniele , Bellone Pietro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionTransseptal puncture (TSP) is widely used in clinical practice but is negatively affected by a nonneglectable rate of complications and X‐ray exposure. To address these problems, we investigated whether or not impedance mapping could correctly identify fossa ovalis (FO) and safely guide TSP.Methods and ResultsElectroanatomic mapping was performed with CARTO 3 system version 7 and a ThermoCool® SmartTouch® mapping catheter was employed. In each patient, an impedance map and a bipolar voltage map of the whole interatrial septum were collected, acquiring at least 150 points with a contact force ≥2 g and using the pattern matching filter.Thirty‐five patients were enrolled. A low impedance area was clearly identified in 34 of them. In 30 patients (88%), the FO was located in the low impedance area. The map was obtained in sinus rhythm in 17 cases (50%); in 15 of these (88%), the TSP site, the patent foramen ovale, or the FO tenting area fell inside the low impedance area. The same numbers were observed when mapping during atrial fibrillation.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides the reliability and reproducibility of impedance mapping in identifying FO, an affordable and feasible tool that could be potentially introduced into clinical practice.
Bisphosphonate‐enoxacin inhibit osteoclast formation and function by abrogating RANKL‐induced JNK signalling pathways during osteoporosis treatment
Authors: Xu Qiang , Zhan Ping , Li Xiaofeng , Mo Fengbo , Xu Huaen , Liu Yuan , Lai Qi , Zhang Bin , Dai Min , Liu Xuqiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis is an age‐related disease characterized by low mineral density, compromised bone strength and increased risk of fragility fracture. Most agents for treating osteoporosis focus primarily on anti‐resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity. Bisphosphonate (BP) is a potent anti‐resorptive agent that has been used clinically for decades and is proven to be effective. However, BP has a variety of side effects and is far from being an ideal anti‐osteoporosis agent. BP selectively binds to calcium crystals, which are subsequently taken up or released by osteoclasts. Based on the action of BP, we previously demonstrated the inhibitory effect of a novel bone‐targeting BP derivative, bisphosphonate‐enoxacin (BE). In the current study, we used bone marrow‐derived osteoclast cultures to further assess the inhibitory effect of BE on osteoclastogenesis and employed reverse transcription PCR and real‐time PCR to examine expression of osteoclast‐specific genes. Additionally, we used bone resorption and F‐actin immunofluorescence assays to evaluate the effect of BE on osteoclast function and investigated the potential mechanisms affecting osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro. Furthermore, an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of BE on preventing bone loss. Results showed that BE exerted potent inhibitory effects on osteoclast formation and bone resorption by specifically abrogating RANKL‐induced JNK signalling, and that it preserved OVX rat bone mass in vivo without any notable side effects. Collectively, these results indicated that the BP derivative BE may have significant potential as a treatment for osteoporosis and other osteolytic diseases.