bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
القواعد الناظمة لشركة المضاربة بين النظرية والتطبيق القضائي: دراسة مقارنة بين القانونين الفلسطيني والأردني
Authors: Aloun Anas Abu Musa 
Published: January 2025

Speculative contract is one of the common contracts in practical reality, where a person who owns cash capital or other assets resorts to a merchant and delivers this capital to him for development and investment, and the reason for this contract is either that the owner of capital does not know trade and seeks to achieve profit and investment, or that he wants to increase his income without exerting effort, and we are here before a type of companies but this company has a special nature that does not comply with the rules stipulated in Decree-Law No. 42 of 2021 regarding companies, but rather complies with civil law rules. The research aimed to know the position of the judiciary from the multiple problems raised by the provisions of this contract from its validity, adaptation, distinction from other contracts and termination, and the researcher followed to reach the desired goal an analytical and comparative approach between Palestinian and Jordanian law, and concluded that there are basic controls that must be adhered to by contractors when concluding a speculative contract otherwise invalidity or corruption or conversion of contract into work or lease contract will result, as well as taking into account specific controls when terminating otherwise bearing responsibility for damage by arbitrary termination.

الملخص
إن عقد المضاربة من العقود الشائعة في الواقع العملي، حيث يلجأ شخص يملك رأس مال نقدي أو غيره من الاثمان إلى تاجر ويسلمه رأس المال هذا من أجل تنميته واستثماره، والسبب في قيام هذا العقد إما ان يكون عدم معرفة صاحب رأس المال بالتجارة ويسعى الى تحقيق الربح والاستثمار، أو أنه يريد أن يزيد مداخيله دون أن يبذل مجهود، ونكون هنا أمام نوع من أنواع الشركات ولكن هذه الشركة ذات طبيعة خاصة لا تخضع للقواعد المنصوص عليها في قرار بقانون المتعلق بالشركات 42 لسنة 2021، وانما تخضع لقواعد القانون المدني. وقد هدف البحث الى معرفة موقف القضاء من الإشكاليات المتعددة التي تثيرها أحكام هذا العقد من صحة إبرامه وتكييفه وتمييزه عن غيره من العقود وإنهاءه، وقد اتبع الباحث للوصول إلى الهدف المنشود المنهج التحليلي والمقارن بين القانونين الفلسطيني والأردني، وانتهى البحث إلى ان هناك ضوابط أساسية يجب على المتعاقدين الالتزام بها عند ابرام عقد المضاربة والا ترتب على عدم مراعاتها البطلان أو الفساد أو تحول العقد إلى عقد عمل أو إيجار، كما يجب مراعاة ضوابط محددة عند الانهاء وإلا تحمل المتعسف في الانهاء المسؤولية عن الضرر.
ผลของแอสไพรินต่อภาวะเลือดออกฉับพลันหลังถอนฟันอย่างง่าย
Authors: อุดมไพบูลย์สุข สมเกียรติ , เจริญแสงสุริยา เกศรินทร์ 
Published: January 2025

วัตถุประสงค์: เพื่อหาอัตราส่วนจำนวนผู้ป่วยที่มีการแข็งตัวของเลือดบริเวณเบ้าฟันสมบรูณ์ ณ เวลา 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 นาที หลังถอนฟัน และภาวะแทรกซ้อนที่เกิดขึ้นภายใน 1 และ 24 ชั่วโมงหลังถอนฟันในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับยาแอสไพริน
วิธีการศึกษา: แบบเชิงพรรณาไปข้างหน้า (Prospective descriptive study) ในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับยาแอสไพริน เพื่อป้องกันการแข็งตัวของเลือด ทำการถอนฟัน 1 ซี่ ภายใต้ยาชาเฉพาะที่โดยไม่ต้องหยุดยาแอสไพรินก่อนทำหัตถการ หลังถอนฟันทำการห้ามเลือดและให้ผู้ป่วยกัดผ้าก๊อซเหนือเบ้าฟัน ประเมินภาวะเลือดออกบริเวณเบ้าฟัน ในนาทีที่ 10 หลังถอนฟัน และทุก 5 นาที จนกระทั่งเลือดหยุดแข็งตัวดีภายใน 30 นาที ผู้ป่วยพักรอสังเกตอาการ ประเมินภาวะเลือดออกบริเวณเบ้าฟันซ้ำและภาวะแทรกซ้อนอื่น ๆ หลังถอนฟัน 1ชั่วโมง และ โทรติดตามผลใน 24 ชั่วโมง
ผลการศึกษา: ผู้ป่วย 60 คน อายุเฉลี่ย 66.3 ปี เป็นฟันกราม ร้อยละ 51.7 วินิจฉัยเป็นโรคเนื้อในตาย (pulp necrosis) ร้อยละ 38.3 อัตราการแข็งตัวของเลือดบริเวณเบ้าฟันหลังนาทีที่ 10 เป็นร้อยละ 58.3 หลังนาทีที่ 15 เป็นร้อยละ 83.3 พบว่าหลังนาทีที่ 20, 25, 30 เป็นร้อยละ 98.3 เท่ากัน มีผู้ป่วยเพียง 1 ราย ที่ยังมีเลือดออกซึมบริเวณเบ้าฟัน หลังนาทีที่ 30 จึงหยุดเลือดโดยการเย็บแผล พบว่าเลือดแข็งตัวสมบรูณ์ภายใน 5 นาที หลังเย็บแผล
สรุป: อัตราการแข็งตัวของเลือดบริเวณเบ้าฟันในผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับยาแอสไพริน ภายในเวลา 10 นาที เป็นร้อยละ 58.3 และส่วนใหญ่ ร้อยละ 98.3 เลือดแข็งตัวสมบรูณ์ภายใน 20 นาที โดยไม่พบเลือดออกซ้ำหรือภาวะแทรกซ้อนอื่น
บทบาทพยาบาลในการดูแลผู้ป่วยมะเร็งเพื่อป้องกันภาวะภูมิไวเกินจากการได้รับยาออกซาลิพลาติน
Authors: จันทร์คำวงษ์ รุ่งทิพย์ 
Published: January 2025

โรคมะเร็งเป็นปัญหาสาธารณสุขที่สำคัญและเป็นสาเหตุของการเสียชีวิตของประชากรโลกเพิ่มขึ้น ในปี พ.ศ.2565 องค์การอนามัยโลกรายงานว่าทั่วโลกมีจำนวนผู้ป่วยมะเร็งรายใหม่ 19.9 ล้านคน มีผู้เสียชีวิตด้วยโรคมะเร็งจำนวน 9.7 ล้านคน ในประเทศไทย พบผู้ป่วยมะเร็งรายใหม่เพิ่มขึ้น 183,541 คนต่อปี โรคมะเร็งเป็นสาเหตุของการเสียชีวิตของคนไทยเป็นอันดับหนึ่งและเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่อง โดยในปี พ.ศ.2565 มีผู้เสียชีวิตด้วยโรคมะเร็งจำนวน 118, 829 คนต่อปี เพิ่มขึ้นจากปี พ.ศ.2564 ร้อยละ 3.38 การรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัดเป็นการรักษาหลักที่แพทย์เลือกใช้ในการรักษาโรคมะเร็ง สามารถทำให้โรคสงบลงได้ แต่ผลข้างเคียงของยาก็มากเช่นกัน ผู้ป่วยที่ได้รับยาเคมีบำบัดชนิดออกซาลิพาติน ยังพบภาวะฉุกเฉินที่สามารถเกิดขึ้นได้ขณะให้ยาเคมีบำบัด คือ ภาวะภูมิไวเกิน (Hypersensitivity Reaction: HSR) อาการแสดงที่พบบ่อย ได้แก่ หน้าแดง คอแดง แน่นหน้าอก หายใจลำบาก หัวใจเต้นเร็ว ปวดท้อง ปวดหลัง ภาวะขาดออกซิเจน ไอ เวียนศีรษะ มีผื่นแพ้ ผื่นลมพิษ มีไข้หนาวสั่น ปากบวม หน้าบวม ความดันโลหิตต่ำ และอาการแพ้รุนแรง ซึ่งภาวะดังกล่าวหากไม่ได้รับการประเมินอย่างรวดเร็วและดูแลทันทีจะมีความรุนแรงเพิ่มมากขึ้นและทำให้ผู้ป่วยเสียชีวิตได้ ดังนั้นพยาบาลต้องสามารถให้การดูแลผู้ป่วยอย่างใกล้ชิด ประเมินอาการภาวะภูมิไวเกิน และให้การดูแลผู้ป่วยได้อย่างถูกต้องและมีประสิทธิภาพอย่างรวดเร็ว เพื่อป้องกันและลดระดับความรุนแรงของการเกิดภาวะภูมิไวเกิน ให้ผู้ป่วยปลอดภัยขณะมารับยาเคมีบำบัด
Rickshaw Pullers and Their Strategies to Deal with Everyday Conflicts in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Touhidul , Babu Md Saifur Rahman 
Published: January 2025

The rickshaw puller community commutes passengers from one place to another, making people’s busy lives easy in Dhaka city. While most studies focus on the socio-economic conditions, health hazards and survival techniques of rickshaw pullers, fewer scholarships explore different complexes and conflicts they face daily. Therefore, this paper, developed with primary data collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with some permanent and seasonal rickshaw pullers, analyses various conflicts this community faces and strategies they apply to deal with those conflicts. Drawing on Thomas-Kilmann’s Conflict Management Model that operationalises five strategies for parties in a conflict situation, it argues that rickshaw pullers mostly choose pragmatic approaches that protect their ontological needs and interests in dealing with everyday conflicts. They face conflicts in four broad aspects (e.g., economic issues, shared space, entry restriction and legal space, and personal space) and engage in conflicts with different actors, including passengers, garage owners, fellow rickshaw pullers, other vehicle drivers, traffic personnel etc., mostly over financial and individual respect issues. Although they consider power dynamics to determine the extent of engagement with the other party, they apply a competitive approach that is mostly used to deal with financial issues. Depending on the power parity of the parties, they show less self-restraint and become assertive in responding to conflicts that originate from disrespect and dishonour to them. However, they preferentially avoid conflicts when the disputing other party is more powerful than them, and avoidance is considered less costly than engaging in disputes. Due to their structural weaknesses and ignorance, rickshaw pullers often accommodate others’ demands and collaborate for common benefits. Although they reach an informal compromise through generous negotiation with passengers, garage owners and traffic personnel to balance their interests and needs, a group of other actors approach as third-party peacemakers to settle their violent engagements with other rickshaw pullers on the streets.
JASBH, Vol. 69(2), 2024, pp. 145-174
The Situation of the Dhaka University Campus during the Liberation War of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Nasir 
Published: January 2025

Operation Searchlight was a brutal, planned military operation carried out by the Pakistan army on 25th March 1971. It signified the beginning of Bangladesh's Liberation War. The operation was deployed simultaneously throughout the province. Their main target was the provincial capital, Dhaka. One of their primary targeted places in Dhaka was the University of Dhaka (DU) Campus.It is estimated that around 4000 to 6000 were killed in Dhaka cityduring Operation Searchlight. Among them, around 300 were killed inside the DU campus.Operation Searchlight killing destroyed the academic situation of the university.During the war, the government and the DU administration tried to ensure normalcy inside the campus. On the contrary, Bengali nationalist students and teachers tried to prove that an abnormal situation prevailed inside the campus. Thus, a worse situation was created inside the campus. In that situation, most teachers were bound to join the university to save their lives and jobs. However, Bengali nationalist teachers were under surveillance and some of them received Shani and Jamdot's letters. Some teachers were rusticated, some were removed from the Syndicate, and some were arrested. The trial of some teachers and students was also organized in their absence, and ultimately, they brutally killed ten teachers of DU on 14th December 1971.In that worst situation, only 30 to 50 students attended the class. At last, on 16th December, the Pakistan Army surrendered at the Race Course ground, which is adjacent to the DU campus. This article explores the academic situation of the DU campus during the Liberation War of Bangladesh. It also focuses on the miserable conditions and the different types of punishment of Bengali nationalist teachers and students that they had to endure at that time.
JASBH, Vol. 69(2), 2024, pp. 203-221
Current Spectrum of Aerobic Bacterial Infection in Patients with Hematological Malignancy
Authors: Roy Jaba , Shah Salahuddin , Jamal Yakub , Ahmed Sharmeen , Bashar M A , Miah Md Ruhul Amin 
Published: January 2025

Bacterial infections are a major cause of illness in patients with hematological malignancy and can lead to mortality, if not treated early and properly. The incidence of bacterial infection in these patients and the spectrum of causative organisms are liable to change according to region & time. This observational study was designed to isolate and identify the aerobic bacteria causing infection in patients with hematological malignancy. The Study was done in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, BSMMU from March 2012 to August 2012. Forty diagnosed patients of hematological malignancies who were admitted in the Hematology Department and in The Paediatric Hemato-oncology Department of BSMMU with symptoms of sepsis &/ or UTI or RTI were enrolled in this study. Blood, throat swab and urine were collected from each patient and sputum was collected from four patients. Infection was microbiologically detected in 37.5% of patients. Gram negative bacteria were most frequently isolated from various specimens except throat swab from which only S. pyogenes were isolated.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (01): 3-5
Obstetric and perinatal outcome of primigravida patients in different age group
Authors: Begum Arzu Manth Ara , Kobra Khodeza Tul , Shova Nazneen , Rahman Md Shafiqur 
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical profiles and outcome of primigravida patients in different age group.
Materials and method: This study was comparative study which was conducted in the department of Gynaecology and obstetrics, Dhaka National Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Study period was taken from July 2009 to December 2009. 100 primigravid pregnant women from 36 weeks to 41 weeks in three different groups were included in this study. Group A (20-29 years) with 63 patients, group B (<20 years) with 11 patients & group C (>29 years) with 26 patients.
Results: All patients of three groups delivered within or near two years of marriage. In our study, percentage of caesarean section was quite high that is 46% of group A, 45% group B & 96% of group C women. In most cases of group A, LUCS were done due to foetal distress. In group B, due to CPD & in group C, were due to foetal distress and failed trial. Birth asphyxia was more in group B. IUGR was found in only group C about 4%. No significant difference was observed by distribution of pregnant women according to their perinatal morbidity.
Conclusion: This study showed teenage and elderly patients were suffered more from different complications. Elderly primigravid patients need comparatively more operative interferences for delivery of their babies . From this study, we should aware to avoid teenage pregnancy and should give special care for elderly primigravid woman during their pregnancy period and labour to achieve healthy mother and healthy foetus.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (01): 23-27
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL): Phenotypic detection and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem
Authors: Sarker Jogendra Nath , Barua Ripon , Sultana Hafiza , Anwar Shaheda , Khan Abul Hossain , Saleh Ahmed Abu , Tarafder Shirin 
Published: January 2025

Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing extended-spectrum cephalosporins, penicillins and monobactams but inactive against cephamycins and carbapenems.
Objectives: This study was aimed to detect ESBL by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and to determine the susceptibility pattern of ESBL-producing E. coli,Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. to ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem.
Methods: A total of 100 ESBL-producing E. coli,Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. were obtained from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka and were studied for susceptibility pattern from October 2010 to December 2011. These isolates were identified by double disc synergy test (DDST) and were confirmed phenotypically as ESBL by PCDDT.
Results: Out of 75 DDST positive ESBL-producing E. coli, 71 (94.67%) were also positive by PCDDT. All DDST positive ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. were also positive by PCDDT. All ESBL-producing E. coli,Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. were 100% susceptible to imipenem. About 95.78% ESBL-producing E. coli, 78.95% Klebsiella spp. and 100% Enterobacter spp. were susceptible to amikacin. About 87.32% ESBL-producing E. coli, 73.69% Klebsiella spp. and 33.33% Enterobacter spp. were resistant to ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion: ESBL-producing E. coli, Klebsiellaspp. and Enterobacter spp. showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin. Imipenem and amikacin were most effective against ESBL-producing organisms
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (01): 28-31
Pattern and risk factors of birth defects among the newborns: A hospital based study
Authors: Rahman Jahanara , Sultana Nasreen , Begum Hosne Ara 
Published: January 2025

Introduction :Birth defects are one of the important causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity.
Methods : A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in In-patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Dhaka National Medical College Hospital between January 2008 and December 2008.
Objectives : The objectives of the study was to determine the frequency of identifiable birth defects, to observe the types of birth defects found among the newborns and to estimate the risk factors present among the parents of birth defect babies.
Results : During this study period 2990 deliveries took place. The frequency of birth defect babies was found 2% (n=60). Seventy seven percent of the babies were born at term and 23% of them were born prematurely. Babies were born live and still birth 88.33% and 11.67% respectively. Birth defects were predominant in male (55%) than female (45%) babies. Among the mothers 17%, 32% 38% and 13% were of age <20, (20-25), (26-30) and (31-40) years respectively. Educational status revealed 88% of the mothers and 83% fathers were literate. Thirteen percent of the population came from poor socioeconomic condition. Others were from middle class (54%) and affluent (33%) society. No risk factors were identified in 57% of the population. Diabetes or GDM (15%), no intake of Folic acid and Zinc (13%), maternal age >35 years (7%), maternal infection (3%), history of previous birth defects babies (3%), Consanguineous marriage (2%) was found as risk factors. Most common system involved was musculoskeletal system (35%), followed by genitourinary system (24%), central nervous system (19%), and face (15%). Birth defect was found in cardio-vascular and gastrointestinal system was 3% and 3% respectively. Functional defect (Down’s syndrome) was found as 2%
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (01): 32-37
Association of Betel Leaf Chewing and Use of Tobacco with Development of Oral Cancer
Authors: Yazdi Kazi  Shagufa , Choudhury Marium , Chowdhury Farhana , Ahmed SK Akther , Islam Md Shahidul 
Published: January 2025

Background: Oral cancer is the 11th most common cancer in the world, 3rd most in Indian sub-continent and 20% of all cancer in Bangladesh. Oral cancer is increased with chewing betel leafwith or without tobacco. Approximately 90% of oral cancer can be attributed to tobacco chewing and smoking habits.
Objectives:This study was conducted to find out the association of betel leaf chewing and use of tobacco with development of oral cancer.
Methods:A hospital based case-control study was conducted on 204 patients (68 cancer patient as case and 138 subjects as control), 119 male and 85 female, age ranged from 18 to 80 years, attending at National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka over the period of one year, from July 2007 to June 2008. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data by face-to-face interview of the respondents. Chi-square test and t-test were done to cheek for statistical significant association between different variables.
Results:Statistically significant association was found between betel quid chewing habit and development of oral cancer. Significant association also was found between use of tobacco and development of oral cancer.
Conclusion:Public health initiative should be taken to prevent use of tobacco and chewing betel leaf to prevent oral cancer
J.Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (01): 42-47
NPH Presenting As Parkinsonism And Early Optic Atrophy
Authors: Khan N A , Bashar M A , Huq N A , Salma U 
Published: January 2025

An old hypertensive patient presented with progressive slowness of movement and difficulty in walking for 6 months. He also complained of the gradual memory loss with blurring of vision (left eye more than right) and incontinence of urine. Patient was confused with slow, indistinct speech and lead-pipe and cogwheel rigidity in both upper and lower limbs. Mild weakness in left side of body with left plantar extensor. Primitive reflexes were present. CT scan of brain showed multiple lacunar infarcts with grossly dilated 3rd, 4th and lateral ventricle with rounding of frontal horns and minimal dilatation of sulci. Finally he was diagnosed as parkinsonism secondary to NPH (Normal pressure hydrocephalus). Although extrapyramidal feature in NPH are not uncommon, presentation with parkinson syndrome as a predominant feature is rare. Failure of the patient with parkinsonism to respond to levodopa therapy, should alert one about the possibility of NPH
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (01): 52-54
Persistent Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (PTN)
Authors: Arzu Jahanara , Khatun Mst  Hosna Ara 
Published: January 2025

A 35-year old lady had persistent Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia following molar pregnancy. Initially the patient came with hydatidiform mole diagnosed by trans abdominal ultrasonography and high level of serum β-hCG. At that time patient was treated by suction & evacuation of molar tissues. After evacuation serum B- hCG level declined but not reached to normal level. During follow-up period patient complained of irregular per-vaginal bleeding & her β-hCG level again rised & ultrasonology showed-some molar tissues within the endometrium. She was diagnosed as a case of persistent trophoblastic neoplasia(PTN). We then gave her two courses of systemic Methotrexate(MTx) therapy and patient’s serum B hCG level return back to normal.
A persistent trophoblastic disease can be successfully treated with systemic Methotrexate therapy.
J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2015; 21 (01): 58-60
PERGANTIAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM PERANAN NARATIF PADA NOVEL TEMPAT PALING SUNYI KARYA ARAFAT NUR: KAJIAN NARATOLOGI A.J. GREIMAS
Authors: Firismanda M.A. Haris , Maghfiro Nuzula 
Published: January 2025

Kajian ini menganalisis mengenai pergantian tokoh utama Mustofa ke tokoh “Aku” yang memiliki peran penting. Utamanya dalam upaya membangun unsur-unsur naratif pada novel Tempat Paling Sunyi karya Arafat Nur melalui perspektif naratologi AJ Greimas dengan memperhatikan skema aktan yang saling terjalin terhadap suatu teks naratif tersebut. Selain itu, pembahasan ini juga melihat posisi Mustofa sebagai tokoh utama dalam kaitannya dengan upayanya mencapai objek. Dalam analisis ini, dijelaskan mengenai berbagai bentuk penghalang ketercapaian objek tersebut, serta peran "Aku" sebagai pihak yang membantu Mustofa untuk mewujudkan objek. Hal ini menjadi bagian dari usaha untuk membangun kelanjutan unsur naratif dalam cerita, terutama dalam konteks hilangnya keberadaan tokoh utama dalam novel tersebut. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya relasi tokoh “Aku” terhadap Mustofa dalam proses identifikasi tokoh untuk meneruskan terhadap pencapaian objek.
STRATEGI KRITIK DALAM DEBAT CALON PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN 2024: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Authors: Khoironi Haris , Mahbub Moh. Tarojjil , Nugroho Miftah 
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengulas strategi kritik yang muncul dalam debat calon presiden dan wakil presiden 2024 dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah video youtube berjudul “[ FULL ] DEBAT PERTAMA CALON PRESIDEN 2024” yang dirilis pada tanggal 12 Desember 2023, “[ FULL ] DEBAT KEDUA CALON PRESIDEN 2024”, yang dirilis pada tanggal22Desember 2024, “[ FULL ] DEBAT KETIGA CALON PRESIDEN 2024”, yang dirilis pada tanggal 7 Januari 2024, dan “[FULL ] DEBAT KEEMPAT CALON PRESIDEN 2024” yang dirilis pada tanggal 21 Januari 2024. Video tersebutdiakses pada tanggal 12 April 2024. Hasil analisis di atas, didapati bahwa terdapat 23 data ujaran kritik. Dalam konteks debat calon presiden dan calon wakil presiden, sebanyak 9 ujaran kritik ditemukan, baik yang dilakukan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Dari ujaran yang kritik tersebut, 3 di antaranya menggunakan penilaian negatif secara langsung, 1 menunjukkan ketidaksetujuan, 2 menyederhanakan masalah, 2 menyampaikan keraguan, dan hanya 1 mengajukan pernyataan memancing. Di sisi lain, strategi kritik tidak langsung mencakup 14 data, dengan penggunaan koreksi pada 2 data, indikasi standar pada 2 data, pengajaran pada 3 data, permintaan perubahan pada 1 data, saran untuk perubahan pada 2 data, ekspresi ketidakpastian pada 1 data, dan petunjuk lainnya pada 3 data.