bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil mineral availability and human mineral status: A review and evidence from Malawi
Authors: Bevis Leah E. M. , Kim Kichan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe review literature demonstrating that soil zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) deficiencies drive human Zn and Se status in some developing contexts, largely through reducing local crop Zn and Se concentration. We then illustrate that in Malawi, human Se status is higher on calcareous soils (the only soils growing high‐Se crops) and close to lakes (which hold Se‐rich fish). We also show that human Se status is predicted by the soil type surrounding and lake proximity of one's nearest market. This makes sense, since Malawians depend heavily on crops from market, particularly during lean season when Se status was measured.
Determining robust reaction kinetics from limited data
Authors: Ozbuyukkaya Gizem , Parker Robert S. , Veser Goetz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate chemical kinetics are essential for reactor design and operation. However, despite recent advances in “big data” approaches, availability of kinetic data is often limited in industrial practice. Herein, we present a comparative proof‐of‐concept study for kinetic parameter estimation from limited data. Cross‐validation (CV) is implemented to nonlinear least‐squares (LS) fitting and evaluated against Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and genetic algorithm (GA) routines using synthetic data generated from a simple model reaction. As expected, conventional LS is fastest but least accurate in predicting true kinetics. MCMC and GA are effective for larger data sets but tend to overfit to noise for limited data. LS‐CV strongly outperforms these methods at much reduced computational cost, especially for significant noise. Our findings suggest that implementation of CV with conventional regression provides an efficient approach to kinetic parameter estimation with high accuracy, robustness against noise, and only minimal increase in complexity.
Smooth penalty function method for rigorous optimization of distillation processes
Authors: Liu Xingwei , Jia Shengkun , Luo Yiqing , Yuan Xigang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInteger decisions on stage numbers and feed locations, and global optimality are still challenging for rigorous optimization of distillation processes. In the present article, we propose a smooth penalty function method to address both these problems. The proposed method is based on the relaxation of the integer decision problem into continuous nonlinear programming (NLP) problem by adopting the bypass efficiency model developed by Dowling and Biegler. A smooth penalty term (SPT) is proposed and added to the total annual cost (TAC) function to form a new objective function, namely, the smooth penalty function. Using the new objective function, the problem is initially solved with negative weight coefficients for the SPTs regarding each column section to get an optimum near the global optimum of the SPT. Then, starting from this solution, the problem is solved again iteratively by increasing the values of the weight coefficients until all the stage numbers become integers. The performance of the method is validated by an illustrating problem and in three case studies, including a reactive distillation optimization problem.
Integration of GWAS and brain transcriptomic analyses in a multiethnic sample of 35,245 older adults identifies DCDC2 gene as predictor of episodic memory maintenance
Authors: Gao Yizhe , Felsky Daniel , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Sariya Sanjeev , Rentería Miguel Arce , Ma Yiyi , Klein Hans‐Ulrich , Cosentino Stephanie , De Jager Philip L. , Bennett David A. , Brickman Adam M. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Mayeux Richard , Barral Sandra ,   CHAP, UKBB, ADNI, ROSMAP, LLFS, NIA‐LOAD and ADGC consortia
Published: December 2021

AbstractIdentifying genes underlying memory function will help characterize cognitively resilient and high‐risk declining subpopulations contributing to precision medicine strategies. We estimated episodic memory trajectories in 35,245 ethnically diverse older adults representing eight independent cohorts. We conducted apolipoprotein E (APOE)‐stratified genome‐wide association study (GWAS) analyses and combined individual cohorts’ results via meta‐analysis. Three independent transcriptomics datasets were used to further interpret GWAS signals. We identified DCDC2 gene significantly associated with episodic memory (Pmeta = 3.3 x 10‐8) among non‐carriers of APOE ε4 (N = 24,941). Brain transcriptomics revealed an association between episodic memory maintenance and (1) increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DCDC2 expression (P = 3.8 x 10‐4) and (2) lower burden of pathological Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks (paired helical fragment tau P = .003, and amyloid beta load P = .008). Additional transcriptomics results comparing AD and cognitively healthy brain samples showed a downregulation of DCDC2 levels in superior temporal gyrus (P = .007) and inferior frontal gyrus (P = .013). Our work identified DCDC2 gene as a novel predictor of memory maintenance.
Bauphysikalische Untersuchungen von mit Leinölfirnis stabilisierten und beschichteten Lehmputzen
Authors: Chriti Manuela , Mitterböck Michael , Korjenic Azra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAufgrund zahlreicher Vorurteile gegenüber traditionellen Baumaterialien aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, insbesondere aber aufgrund von Unkenntnis der Festigkeitseigenschaften und der bauphysikalischen und hygrothermischen Eigenschaften, stellt der Einsatz solcher Baumaterialien im Hochbau nach wie vor eine Randerscheinung dar. Dazu zählt auch die Anwendung von Lehmputz im Außenbereich. In zwei Forschungsvorhaben wurde zum einen die Wirkung von Leinölfirnis als Additiv in Lehmmörtel im Rahmen von Laboruntersuchungen analysiert. Laborproben mit einem Anteil von 1 % Leinölfirnis bezogen auf die Lehm‐Trockenmasse wiesen erhöhte Festigkeitswerte sowie Sorptionsfähigkeit auf, wohingegen sich der Wasserdampfdiffusionswiderstand dieser Proben nur geringfügig erhöhte. Zum anderen wurde ein In‐Situ‐Monitoring eines ökologisch nachhaltigen Wandaufbaus mit Lehmputz und Beschichtung aus Leinölfirnis über mehrere Jahre durchgeführt und bewertet. Die geforderte Funktionstüchtigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit wurden durch den untersuchten Lehm‐Außenputz mit Leinölfirnis‐Anstrich erfüllt.
Cancer‐associated stroma reveals prognostic biomarkers and novel insights into the tumour microenvironment of colorectal cancer and colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Brown Kai M. , Xue Aiqun , Smith Ross C. , Samra Jaswinder S. , Gill Anthony J. , Hugh Thomas J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsCancer‐associated stroma (CAS) is emerging as a key determinant of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC); however, little is known about CAS in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). This study aimed to validate the prognostic significance of stromal protein biomarkers in primary CRC and CRLM. Secondly, this study aimed to describe the transcriptome of the CAS of CRLM and identify novel targetable pathways of metastasis.MethodsA case–control study design from a prospectively maintained database was adopted. The prognostic value of epithelial and stromal CALD1, IGFBP7, POSTN, FAP, TGF‐β and pSMAD2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in multivariate models. Pathway enrichment and sparse partial least square‐discriminant analysis (sPLS‐DA) were performed on a nested cohort after isolating epithelial tumour and CAS by laser capture microdissection.Results110 CRCs with 124 paired CRLMs, and 110 matched non‐metastatic control CRCs were included. Median follow‐up was 62 and 45 months for primary and CRLM groups, respectively. Stromal FAP and POSTN were independent predictors for the development of CRLM. After CRLM resection, stromal IGFBP7 and POSTN were predictors of poorer survival. sPLS‐DA on the nested cohort identified a number of novel targetable stromal genes and pathways that defined poor prognosis CRC and the CAS of CRLM.ConclusionsThis study is the first to describe key differences in stromal gene expression between paired primary CRC and CRLM as well as identifying several targetable biomarkers and transcriptomic pathways whose relevance specifically in the CAS of CRC and CRLM have not been previously described.
Semantic interaction learning for fine‐grained vehicle recognition
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Lei Jingsheng , Yang Shengying , Yang Xinqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFine‐grained vehicle recognition is a challenging problem due to high inter‐class confusion among vehicle models under the influence of pose and viewpoint. To effectively describe the discriminative characteristics, many approaches try to learn detailed information from an individual image. Inspired by Siamese network that addresses the case where two inputs are relatively similar, the semantic interaction learning network (SIL‐Net) is designed to discover semantic differences between two fine‐grained categories via pairwise comparison. Specifically, SIL‐Net first collecting contrastive information by learning the mutual feature of input image pair, and then compare it with individual features to generate corresponding semantic features. These features learn semantic differences from contextual comparison, this gives SIL‐Net the ability to distinguish between two confusing images via pairwise interaction. After training, SIL‐Net can adaptively learn feature priorities under the supervision of the margin ranking loss and converge quickly. SIL‐Net performs well on two public vehicle benchmarks (Stanford Cars and CompCars), showing the suitability of SIL‐Net to fine‐grained vehicle recognition.
Lichen planus flare following COVID‐19 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Herzum Astrid , Burlando Martina , Molle Mattia F. , Micalizzi Claudia , Cozzani Emanuele , Parodi Aurora 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report the third case of cutaneous lichen planus (LP) following COVID‐19 BNT162b2 vaccination in a 59‐year‐old woman with previous LP. The reactivation of LP in patients with dormant LP suggests a possible vaccine‐induced immune dysregulation. We suggest that the already described vaccine‐induced upregulation of Th1 response may play a relevant role in LP reactivation, through an increase in inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of LP. Interestingly, LP has already been associated with vaccinations and viral infections including COVID‐19 disease. However, the exact mechanism underlying LP (re)activation after Pfizer‐BiotNtech COVID‐19 vaccination is still widely unknown and needs to be further investigated.
Clinical and radiographic success of injection‐molded 2‐piece zirconia implants submitted to immediate loading: A 12‐month report of two cases
Authors: Thomé Geninho , Uhlendorf Jean , Vianna Camila Pereira , Caldas Waleska , Bernardes Sergio Rocha , Trojan Larissa Carvalho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis case report describes the treatment of two patients who presented with single edentulous sites in the region of upper premolars and were rehabilitated through the placement of injection‐molded 2‐piece zirconia implants and immediate single crowns. Three months after surgery, definitive prostheses were confectioned through digital workflow. Both patients were followed for 12 months during which clinical and radiographic implant success were observed, concerning implant stability, absence of peri‐implantitis signs, complete implant osseointegration, good marginal bone‐level maintenance, and excellent soft tissue esthetics. No biological or mechanical complications were observed within this period.
Implanting jejunostomy tube as conservative management of tracheoesophageal fistula in a COVID‐19 patient
Authors: Negaresh Mohammad , Hoseininia Saeed , Samadi Takaldani Ali Hossein , Feyzi‐Khankandi Iraj , Mohammadzadeh Germi Bahman , Ghobadi Hassan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 44‐year‐old woman with Behcet's disease experienced a severe COVID‐19 infection and developed a tracheoesophageal fistula. Despite the need for surgical treatment, she did not consent. Therefore, the patient underwent supportive treatment with a jejunostomy tube. After four weeks of follow‐up, the fistula was repaired spontaneously.
Use of temporary abutment to assess implant osseointegration before final impression: A case report
Authors: Labban Nawaf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn implant dentistry, a temporary abutment, either plastic or metal, also called an implant cylinder, is used to construct a provisional restoration. This provisional restoration can be cemented on or integrated with a temporary abutment for a screw‐retained prosthesis. It can be further used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate esthetics and promote tissue healing around implants. After achieving osseointegration of the implant with the adjacent bone and a proper soft tissue profile, both the temporary abutment and the prosthesis can be replaced with permanent ones. In the present case report, a simple technique using a temporary abutment was utilized for the assessment of implant osseointegration before making the final impression. In this study, we discuss the advantages of this method over other methods. It is impossible to verify the stability of the implant at all stages of implant placement; however, the clinical procedure explained in the case report is easy to apply and provides good results.
Hyperthyroidism secondary to a primary mediastinal goiter with normal functional cervical thyroid gland
Authors: Kardi Asma , Oueslati Ibtissem , Yazidi Meriem , Sadok Boudaya Mohamed , Znaidi Nadia , Chihaoui Melika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrimary mediastinal goiter is extremely uncommon. The majority of primary mediastinal goiters were reported as incidental findings on chest imaging of asymptomatic patients. Symptoms related to compression of adjacent structures or hyperthyroidism were rarely described. Herein we report a case of hyperthyroidism secondary to a primary mediastinal goiter.
A rare case of neurological dysfunction due to severe hyponatremia after carotid artery endarterectomy: A review of the clinical approach to hyponatremia
Authors: Ferrero Natalie A. , Ward Ceressa T. , Groff Robert F. , Prabhakar Amit , Fiza Babar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDevelopment of severe hyponatremia after carotid endarterectomy procedure is rare. Several pathophysiological mechanisms related to the carotid endarterectomy procedure may infer an increased risk of developing this complication in specific populations.
Pyelonephritis‐associated Staphylococcus saprophyticus bacteremia in an immunocompetent host: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Matarneh Ahmad , Ali Gawahir A. , Goravey Wael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStaphylococcus saprophyticus is one of the coagulase‐negative staphylococcus species. It is the second most frequent causative microorganism in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections in young women. However, it is potentially capable of causing more invasive infections including bacteremia, particularly secondary to pyelonephritis. We present a young, previously healthy lady who presented with urinary symptoms and hemodynamic instability and was found to have multiple renal and ureteric calculi with pyelonephritis. Later, blood and urine cultures isolated methicillin‐resistant S. saprophyticus. The patient was successfully treated with a course of antibiotics targeting the organism with a favorable outcome. The clinical presentations and management of this rare entity of S. saprophyticus bacteremia‐related pyelonephritis are outlined. In addition, the literature on similar cases was reviewed to raise awareness and avoid devastating consequences.
Gatekeeper identity development: An application of bioecological systems theory
Authors: DeCino Daniel A. , Waalkes Phillip L. , Chang Victor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing Bronfenbrenner's bioecological system theory as a framework, we propose an individual's gatekeeper identity development occurs through interactions within multiple social contexts. We conducted a thematic analysis of 11 counselor educators’ experiences gatekeeping within each bioecological system. Implications for counselor educators to promote gatekeeper identity development are provided.
Potenzial von Membranen zur verbesserten Reaktionsführung von Selektivoxidationen: Katalysator‐, Reaktor‐ und Prozessebene
Authors: Hamel Christof , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDie Selektivität und Ausbeute gewünschter intermediärer Produkte ist oft thermodynamisch und kinetische begrenzt. Alternative Synthese‐ und Prozessführungen sind nötig und gewinnen vor dem Hintergrund der Rohstoff‐ und Energiewende zusätzlich an Bedeutung. Jürgen Caro hat hierzu systematisch Pionierarbeit in Form der membranunterstützten Reaktionslenkung und Prozessintensivierung geleistet. In diesem Beitrag wird eine hierarchische Betrachtung membranunterstützter Reaktionsprozesse auf den drei Ebenen Katalysator, Reaktor und Prozess vorgestellt. Zur Illustration werden vier heterogen katalysierte Selektivoxidationen analysiert. Die Reaktionskinetik nimmt dabei eine Schlüsselrolle ein, um durch membranunterstützte Reaktionsführung optimale Konzentrationsprofile einzustellen. Durch die abschließende Betrachtung der gesamten Prozessebene inkl. Rückführungsstrategien wird das signifikante Verbesserungspotenzial mittels Membranreaktoren aufgezeigt.
Colloidal Virus Particles with Hierarchical Nanomorphology and Facile Biosurface Modification
Authors: Zhong Hailan , Wu Hao , Chen Shuoran , Cao Liwei , Ye Changqing , Xia Fan , Li Fengyu 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryAiming to the enormous requirement for the epidemic defense researches, we designed and constructed a spherical colloidal virus particle (CVP) to mimic nature virus in morphology, physical, chemical and biological characteristics, via coating spiky protein on colloidal nanoparticles (CNPs) core with bulge hierarchical nanomorphology. The novel virus‐like surface nanoparticles can easily be synthesized. The physical, chemical nature and the formation mechanism of the prepared CVPs were characterized and discussed. The synthesized CVPs are similar in size and envelope thickness to common natural viruses. It was demonstrated that the diameter of CVPs is about 238 ± 12 nm, including an 8 nm thickness protein crown with bulges of 33 nm in average width. The CVPs with an isoelectric point of 4.5, meets the native virus property of negative charge under neutral condition. The protein crown enhances the roughness remarkably from 10 nm (CNPs) to 22 nm (CVPs) determined by atomic force microscopy. Thanks to the biomimetic rough morphology, the CVPs show greatly superior cellular uptake performance compared to CNPs, ovalbumin (OVA) and smoothed colloidal particles (SCPs). The formation mechanism of protein crown with specific thickness can be attributed to the electrostatic interaction, protein's flexible structure and specific wettability. These results indicate that the as‐prepared artificial virions mimic nature viruses in multi‐dimension, in terms of size, surface rough morphology, surface negative charge and glycoprotein envelope composition. The synthetic colloidal virus particles pave a facile way toward engineering virus particles substitute for virus‐related diseases prevention, diagnostics and cellular delivery vectors.
Mismatch repair deficiency in early‐onset duodenal, ampullary, and pancreatic carcinomas is a strong indicator for a hereditary defect
Authors: Kryklyva Valentyna , Brosens Lodewijk AA , Marijnissen‐van Zanten Monica AJ , Ligtenberg Marjolijn JL , Nagtegaal Iris D 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is a hallmark of Lynch syndrome (LS), but its prevalence in early‐onset (diagnosed under the age of 50 years) duodenal, ampullary, and pancreatic carcinomas (DC, AC, and PC, respectively) is largely unknown. We explored the prevalence of dMMR and the underlying molecular mechanisms in a retrospectively collected cohort of 90 early‐onset carcinomas of duodenal, ampullary, and pancreatic origin. dMMR was most prevalent in early‐onset DCs (47.8%); more than half of those were associated with hereditary cancer syndromes (LS or constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome). All dMMR AC and PC were due to LS. Concordance of dMMR with underlying hereditary condition warrants ubiquitous dMMR testing in all early‐onset DC, AC, and PC.
Scalable grid‐based approximation algorithms for partially observable Markov decision processes
Authors: Kavaklioglu Can , Cevik Mucahit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPartially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are a well‐established sequential decision making framework. Once a problem is modeled using this framework, a suitable POMDP solution algorithm is employed to obtain a policy that guides the user throughout the decision making process. However, POMDPs are notoriously difficult to solve to optimality. Therefore, there exist many approximate solution algorithms that are designed to generate policies for large‐scale POMDP models. On the other hand, many such approaches lack performance guarantees in terms of the solution quality. In this article, we focus on exact solution methods as well as approximate methods that provide bounds on the optimal value. Specifically, we investigate the performance improvements for the POMDP solution algorithms obtained through distributed implementations. We provide a detailed empirical analysis on various test problems, which highlights the benefits of the proposed approach.
Self‐adaptation on parallel stream processing: A systematic review
Authors: Vogel Adriano , Griebler Dalvan , Danelutto Marco , Fernandes Luiz Gustavo 
Published: December 2021

SummaryA recurrent challenge in real‐world applications is autonomous management of the executions at run‐time. In this vein, stream processing is a class of applications that compute data flowing in the form of streams (e.g., video feeds, images, and data analytics), where parallel computing can help accelerate the executions. On the one hand, stream processing applications are becoming more complex, dynamic, and long‐running. On the other hand, it is unfeasible for humans to monitor and manually change the executions continuously. Hence, self‐adaptation can reduce costs and human efforts by providing a higher‐level abstraction with an autonomic/seamless management of executions. In this work, we aim at providing a literature review regarding self‐adaptation applied to the parallel stream processing domain. We present a comprehensive revision using a systematic literature review method. Moreover, we propose a taxonomy to categorize and classify the existing self‐adaptive approaches. Finally, applying the taxonomy made it possible to characterize the state‐of‐the‐art, identify trends, and discuss open research challenges and future opportunities.
Empirical DFT Model to Predict Triplet Quantum Yield Through Singlet Oxygen Yields
Authors: Steinkamp Bret A. , Lutkus Luke V. , Lewis Rob , McCormick Theresa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTriplet photosensitizers can be used for a variety of applications, including photocatalysis, OLEDs, and photodynamic therapy. Excited triplet states can be quenched by triplet oxygen to make singlet oxygen. Often the singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ▵) is used as a lower approximation for the triplet yield. Unpredictable effects of even minor structural changes can drastically alter the Φ▵ and complicate the design of new triplet photosensitizers. The most common strategy to increase Φ▵ is to incorporate heavy atoms, promoting the “heavy atom effect”. However, the position and the identity of the heavy atom greatly influences the Φ▵. We have created a predictive model that correlates calculated natural atomic orbital composition of the heavy atom(s) contributing to the frontier molecule orbitals of a photosensitizer with the experimental Φ▵. The model, derived from several fluorescein derivatives, provides a calculated Φ▵ in agreement with the experimental values for a variety of well‐known photosensitizers, including rhodamine dyes, fluorescein derivatives, and octahedral metal complexes.