bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia: Single vs Double-Zone Treatment in 166 Eyes
Authors: Tavola Alessandra , Brancato Rosario , Galli Laura , Carones Francesco , Esente Stefano 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We studied 58 single-zone and 58 double-zone treatments; attempted correction ranged between 6.50 and 10.00 D. There were no significant differences in the age or sex in the two groups. All the eyes received the same topical corticosteroid therapy.
Refractive outcome showed a greater overcorrection in the double-zone than in the single-zone treatments, but the différence was not statist ically significant (F =3. 17, ? =0.07). The refractive error shifted toward myopia significantly over time (F = 561.34, p<0.0001).
In the first-, third- and sixth-month follow up, the mean refractive error was +2.39 (±SD) ±1.94, + 0.45 ± 1 .54, and - 0.60 ± 1 .50 D in the single-zone treatments, while in the double-zone ones they were +1.95 ±2.49, +0.87 ±2.85 and +1.34 ±2.57 D1 respectively. The Student's T test demonstrated a statistically significant difference of refractive outcome between the two groups only at 6 months (T = -3.788, p <0.0001).
Corneal haze decreased during follow up (F= 123.38, p<0.0001) and was more severe in the single-zone than in the double-zone treatments (F =9.28, p= 0.002). The Student's T test showed a significant difference at 6 months (T = 2.877, P= 0.006).
The double-zone procedure appeared to be safer than the single-zone, but a longer follow up period and a greater number of treatments are required to draw final conclusions. (Refractive and Corneal Surgery (suppl) 1993;9:S48-S52)
Efficacy of Corticosteroids in Reversing Regression After Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Carones Francesco , Brancato Rosario , Venturi Elisabetta , Scialdone Antonio , Bertuzzi Alberto , Tavola Alessandra 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Topical corticosteroids are given commonly after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). We present six eyes treated for correction of myopia ranging between -6.00 and -8.00 D, to whom corticosteroid drops were given and then suspended. Each eye had an increase in myopia with a mean of 2.00 D (range 1.00 to 3.50 D). All were then treated with topical dexamethasone (0.1%) four times per day for at least 15 days, and all showed decreases in myopia with partial or complete recovery of the intended correction (mean: 1.625 D; range 1.00 to 3.50 D). All of these refractive variations were documented by corneal topography. In one eye, refractive and topographic variations were detected by 3 days after corticosteroid treatment was initiated and they increased for 15 days.
We believe corticosteroids can modulate refractive changes after PRK. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S52-S56.)
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy: Long-Term Results in 166 Eyes
Authors: Fagerholm Per , Fitzsimmons Thomas D , Örndahl Mats , Öhman Lena , Tengroth Björn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
One hundred sixty-six eyes with corneal disease were treated with the excimer laser in order to ablate opacities, irregularities, or to improve wound healing. Postoperative follow up time was 15 months (range 6 to 28 months). An individual goal was set for each patient and 84% achieved the goal. The visual acuity change is given for each subgroup. Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) was shown to be an advantageous surgical method, where the success is in the careful preoperative evaluation. One problem with the technique is the induced hyperopia. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S76-S81.)
Philosophy and Technique for Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Authors: Thompson Vance , Durrie Daniel S , Cavanaugh Timothy B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with the excimer laser has been shown to be effective in removing anterior corneal pathology and smoothing surface irregularities. Blocking agents are important in PTK. The techniques we present seek to balance therapeutic effect and refractive error change. Successful PTK depends on thorough preoperative assessment and attention to intraoperative detail.
Clinical research has demonstrated that the excimer laser is an effective tool, not only for correcting myopic refractive errors,1,2 but also for treating various types of anterior corneal pathology.35 We present our PTK techniques that reflect recent refinements. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S81-S85.)
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Reis-Bückler's Dystrophy
Authors: Lawless Michael A , Cohen Peter , Rogers Chris 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Reis-Bückler's dystrophy has been a difficult management problem with generally poor longterm results from the conventional treatment techniques of penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) is now the standard method of managing this anterior corneal disease when intervention is required.
We have treated nine eyes with Reis-Bückler's dystrophy, including two in whom previous penetrating keratoplasty had been performed.
All of our patients achieved substantial visual improvement from an average visual acuity of 6/60 to 6/9, and all had complete cessation of recurrent erosions. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S96-S98.)
Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia: 18-Month Results in 178 Eyes
Authors: Salorio D Pita , Costa J , Larena C , Mauricio J , Motos P , Emeterio R , Fontenla J R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To evaluate the predictability, efficacy, and stability of myopic photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), we present the results of 18 months of 178 consecutive myopic eyes. Results demostrated a stable change in the power of the cornea with long-term corneal clarity. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S108-S110.)
Plume Emission, Shock Wave and Surface Wave Formation During Excimer Laser Ablation of the Cornea
Authors: Bor Zs , Hopp B , Rácz B , Szabó G , Ratkay I , Süveges I , Füst Á , Mohay J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Excimer lasers are now used for corneal surgery; however, the physical processes occurring during photoablation of the cornea are incompletely understood. High speed laser-based photographic arrangement was constructed. The temporal resolution was better than 1 ns. The setup could work as a Schlieren arrangement, which is sensitive to the refractive index change caused by the shock wave propagating in the air above the eye. With minor changes the setup was converted into a shadowgraph, which could detect the ablation plume and the waves propagating on the surface of the eye. Due to the impact of the excimer laser pulse onto the surface of the cornea, a shock wave was generated in the air. The shadowgraph clearly showed the ejection of the ablated cornea. The ejection velocity of the plume was found to be over 600 m/s. It was shown for the first time that the recoil forces of the plume are generating a wave on the surface of the eye.
The laser-based high speed photographic arrangement is a powerful arrangement in the study of physical effects occurring during photoablation of the cornea. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S111-S115)
PRK Using an Absorbing Cell Delivery System for Correction of Myopia From 4 to 26 D in 3251 Eyes
Authors: Fyodorov S N , Semyonov A D , Magaramov J A , Kharizov A A , Kachalina O F , Orlov M Yu , Tyurin V S , Sugrobov V A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An ophthalmic laser unit with a Lambda-Physik LPX excimer emitting 193 nm and a unique beam shaping system was designed at the Complex "Eye Microsurgery."
An absorbing cell, used as the main element of the delivery system, allowed us to obtain a precise profile of the laser energy density on the patient's cornea, smoothly changing the corneal refraction with each shot in the whole ablation area. The absorbing cell also allowed for varying the shape of distribution of radiation energy density depending on the patient's corneal shape.
We performed more than 7000 photorefractive keratectomy laser operations in myopic patients, and report results in 3251 myopic eyes (approximately 46%) from -4.00 to -26.00 D, up to 4 years after surgery.
In eyes with myopia greater than 6.00 D, emmetropia was obtained in 48% of cases; 42% had a residual mild myopia within 5.00 D; and 12% had a residual myopia more than 3.00 D.
The corneal haze disappeared in 40.8% of cases; haze not affecting the visual acuity remained in 39%; and clinically significant haze remained in 12.2%. These eyes required a powerful medication or repeated PRK.
After surgery, 87.7% of patients needed no spectacle correction. Excimer laser PRK with the use of the forming system efficiently corrects high myopia. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993; 9:S123-S124.)
Coralline Hydroxyapatite Keratoprosthesis in Rabbits
Authors: León Carlos R , Barraquer José I , Barraquer José I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The ideal keratoprosthesis will have a curvature similar to that of the recipient cornea and allow the tissue to grow into the supporting material. We developed a support for a keratoprosthesis made of porous hydroxyapatite, which is highly biocompatible, biointegrable, non-biodegradable, and colonizable.METHODS: We implanted the keratoprosthesis unilaterally in the right eyes of 12 New Zealand rabbits, intralamellarly and between a homologous episclerokeratoplasty (with and without conjunctival flap) for 12 months. Pathology studies and technetium-99 bone scans were performed.RESULTS: We found good vascularization, no signs of infection or extrusion, no epithelial downgrowth, and no adverse tissue reaction.CONCLUSION: A clinical trial of this keratoprosthesis is warranted. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:74-78]
Effect of Transforming Growth Factor β1 on Stromal Haze following Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy in Rabbits
Authors: Myers Jonathan S , Gomes Jose A P , Siepser Steven B , Rapuano Christopher J , Eagle Ralph C , Thom Steven B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has been shown to affect wound repair. Ariti -transforming growth factor βl antibodies have been shown to neutralize its activity.
METHODS: Seventeen New Zealand White rabbits underwent unilateral photorefractive keratectomy followed by corneal staining with dichlorotriazinyl fluorescein. Three groups received topical transforming growth factor βl: 1 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml, and 100/µg/ml; one group topical anti-transforming growth factor β antibody (200µg/ml); and a control group vehicle only. Corneal haze was graded from 0 to 4, weekly. Rabbits were sacrificed at 5 weeks and histopathological analysis and fluorescence microscopy performed.
RESULTS: All treated eyes developed haze and had epithelial erosions. No statistically significant differences in haze score were seen among individual treatment groups (Kruskal Wallis p > 0.05). The anti-transforming growth factor β antibody group had less haze than all other groups at every week after the first. Comparing all transforming growth factor βl treated eyes as one group to the antibody group, significantly less haze was seen at weeks 3 and 4 in the antibody treated group (p = 0.028 and 0.013, respectively). This study is limited by small group size and further studies are needed to confirm these results.
CONCLUSION: TGF-β may be involved in stromal haze formation, and topical anti-TGF-βl antibody may help reduce the development of stromal haze. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:356-361]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Hyperopia
Authors: Ojeimi Ghassan , Waked Nagi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia.
METHODS: We performed LASIK on 21 eyes using the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser with software version 2.18 AH. The Chiron Automated Corneal Shaper was used to create the flap. Retreatments were needed in seven eyes due to decentration or undercorrection.
RESULTS: Although a high rate of satisfaction was noted among patients, complications were encountered such as decentration (three eyes), undercorrection (four eyes); one patient progressed to low myopia with a loss of spectacle-corrected visual acuity and one patient had regression 3 months after the initial LASIK.
CONCLUSION: Although this technique has several advantages over other techniques (Holmium, ALK, PRK, hexagonal RK), it has a high rate of retreatment and some complications. Software refinement is needed, and patients should be adequately informed about what to expect from this technique. [J Refract Surg 1997;13(suppl):S432 to S433]
Seasonal Variations in Refractive Results following Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Chatterjee Anupam , Shah Sunil 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of seasonal factors on the final refractive outcome following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: We examined the final refractive outcome for 5367 patients who had undergone PRK and photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK) over an 18-month period, April 1994 to August 1995, with a Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser and analyzed them by monthly and seasonal groups at time of treatment.
RESULTS: We were unable to demonstrate any significant difference in patients grouped according to season at time of treatment.
CONCLUSION: We would not recommend any seasonal-related adjustment for treatment with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. [J Refract Surg 1997;13(suppl):S447-S449]
Presumed Reactivation of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus Following Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Jarade Elias F , Tabbara Khalid F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus reactivation following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASlK) for myopia.
METHODS: A 54-year-old healthy male underwent uneventful bilateral LASIK for the correction of myopia and astigmatism (-5.75 -3.00 ? 20? right eye, -5.50 -3.00 ? 170? left eye). Two months following LASIE, an epithelial dendritic lesion appeared in the lower third of the corneal flap of the left eye with vesiculoulcerative lesions of the lateral side of the tip of the nose.
RESULTS: The patient was treated with topical and oral antiviral agents and had complete recovery of the lesions in 10 days.
CONCLUSIONS: Herpes zoster reactivation may occur following LASIK. Reactivation of herpes zoster in this case could have been coincidental, or secondary to LASIK and the subsequent use of topical corticosteroids following LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:79-80]
Cost-effectiveness of the AMOArray Multifocal Intraocular Lens in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Orme Michelle E , Paine Abigail C , Teale Christopher W , Kennedy Lisa M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the cost and outcomes of bilateral cataract surgery with the foldable AMOArray multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) versus the foldable monofocal intraocular lens from the health care payer perspective.
METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate treatment with the MIOL compared to monofocal lens, using data from clinical trials, literature, expert opinion, and a review of the German health care funding and reimbursement system.
RESULTS: The average total direct medical cost per patient (per procedure) with the MIOL was DM 1,774 compared to DM 1,716 with the monofocal lens (IDM a US$0.558 in April 1998). The MIOL was more cost-effective than the monofocal lexis in terms of cost per patient (spectacle-free). Cost per patient without overall limitation in vision-related function and cost per patient without limited night vision were similar for both patient groups. The incremental cost of the MIOL for a one-point increase was DM 52 in the self-rated score "quality of ViSiOn," DM 82 in "satisfaction with day vision,*' and DM 115 in "satisfaction with night ViSiOn."
CONCLUSION: The small additional cost of the MIOL was outweighed by the increased satisfaction with vision experienced by MIOL patients. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:162-168]
Early Onset Ectasia Following Laser in situ Keratomileusus: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rao Sanjay N , Epstein Randy J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has been associated with the development of postoperative corneal ectasia. We present a case of early onset ectasia after LASIK, review known risk factors in development, and discuss possible strategies for prevention.
METHODS: A 39-year-old man underwent bilateral LASIK for moderate myopia. Preoperative cycloplegic refractions were -9.00 +0.25 x 140° OD and -7.75 sphere OS. Corneal topography demonstrated mild inferior steepening bilaterally although definite evidence of keratoconus by either the Klyce/Maeda and Smolek/Klyee keratoconus screening tests was not present. Following the creation of flaps with 160-µm plates, ablations of 93 ??a OD and 80 µm OS were performed, estimated to leave residual stromal beds of at least 314 /an OD and 330 µ OS.
RESULTS: On the first postoperative day, uncorrected visual acuities were 20/400 OD and 20/40 OS. On the fifth postoperative day, the patient's uncorrected visual acuity was 20/400 OD, and 20/300 OS. Corneal topography of the right eye showed profound inferior steepening with an apical corneal power in excess of 57 D; topography of the left eye showed mild inferior steepening. Eighteen months after surgery best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 OD and 20/30 OS with rigid gas permeable contact lenses.
CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion when one notes an asymmetric bow-tie pattern on preoperative LASDX corneal topography, despite seemingly safe estimates of residual stromal bed thickness. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:177-1841
Clinical Importance of Accurate Refractor Vertex Distance Measurements Prior to Refractive Surgery
Authors: Weiss Richard A , Berke William , Gottlieb Larry , Horvath Peter 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine directly measured vertex distances in a consecutive series of patients refracted at a refractor and to examine the clinical importance of such a measurements for improving refractive surgical results.
METHODS: Vertex distance measurements were obtained in 189 consecutive patients by using a new device capable of taking direct and accurate measurements behind a refractor. Eyelid thickness was measured with an industrial caliper in five patients.
RESULTS: The average true vertex distance was 20.4 mm with a range of 10 to 34 mm. Eyelid thickness was 3 mm in all five patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Precise measurement of true refractor vertex distance is important for accuracy of refractive surgical procedures. The practice of assuming an average vertex distance of 12 to 14 mm for all refractive patients underestimates the vertex distance in many patients refracted at the refractor, resulting in overcorrecting minus and undercorrecting plus refractions. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:444-448]
A New Method of Calculating Intraocular Lens Power After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Rosa Nicola , Capasso Luigi , Romano Antonio 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To find a method of calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power that may be independent of preoperative data, in eyes that have developed a cataract after refractive surgery.
METHODS: Prior to and 1 month after PRK, the SRKTT formula was used to calculate IOL power in 88 eyes of 65 patients with a preoperative spherical equivalent refraction between -16.25 to +0.25 D (mean -5.39 ± 3.19 D). IOL power was calculated by utilizing the spherical equivalent refraction as target both before and after PRK. Utilizing the postoperative corneal radius measurement (R2), an underestimation of the IOL power was found. For this reason, the mean postoperative corneal radius (R3) that gave the same IOL power found before surgery was calculated for each patient. The R3/R2 ratios were plotted against the axial eye length and a linear regression formula was used to calculate R2 correcting factors that gave the new corneal radius (R4). Patients were divided into classes according to axial eye length, and the mean R3/R2 ratios for each class were calculated and used to recalculate the new mean radius (R5). IOL power for emmetropia was calculated in all patients by utilization of R3, R4, R5, the historical method, and the "true corneal power" method.
RESULTS: Within ±0.50 D from the IOL power calculated with R3, R4 gave 35 (39.3%) IOLs, while R5 gave 40 (45.5%) IOLs; the clinical history method gave 24 (27.3%) IOLs and "true corneal power" gave 23 (26.1%) IOLs, with a statistically significant difference P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Our theoretical method, based on correlation between axial eye length and corneal radius correcting factors, may represent an effective method of calculating IOL power after PRK, especially if the history of the patient is unknown. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:720-724]
Results of Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Myopia of -10 to -19 Diopters With a Technolas 217 Laser
Authors: Dada Tanuj , Sudan Rajeev , Sinha Rajesh , Ray Manotosh , Sethi Harinder , Vajpayee Rasik B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, predictability, and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (IASIK) for correcting myopia greater than -10.00 D.
METHODS: Sixty-five eyes of 37 patients with myopia greater than -10.00 D underwent LASIK. Patients were evaluated on day 1, 1 week, 1, 3, and ß months after surgery. Parameters evaluated were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), residual refractive error, regression of correction, and presence of any complication.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative BSCVA was 0.745 ± 0,234, which improved to 0.8070 ± 0.237 postoperatively. The average preoperative UCVA was 0.022 ± 0.02; postoperative UCVA at 6 months was 0.536 ± 0,255. UCVA of 20/40 or better was achieved in 58% (38 eyes) and 20/20 or better in 26% (17 eyes). The average refractive error before LASIK was -12.64 ± 2.16 D (range -10.00 to -19.00 D). Mean residual refractive error 1 week following LASIK was -0.63 ± 1.36 D, which regressed to a mean -1.78 ± 2.08 D at the end of 6 months. Nineteen eyes (29%) were within ±0.50 D of intended refractive correction.
CONCLUSION: LASlK was partially effective in the correction of high myopia. An initial overcorrection may be programmed to offset the effect of refractive regression. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:44-47]
Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis 6 Months After Uneventful Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Belda José I , Artola Alberto , AIió Jorge 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Diffuse lamellar keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASEK) typically occurs between 1 and 7 days after the procedure, and its etiologic factor(s) remain unknown.
METHODS: We describe a case of diffuse lamellar keratitis 6 months after uneventful LASIK in a 25-year-old woman.
RESULTS: Slit-lamp microscopy showed a diffuse infiltrate confined to the interface, extending to the visual axis, with no other relevant findings. Late on-set diffuse lamellar keratitis was our provisional diagnosis and treatment with topical corticosteroids was instituted, with rapid response and improvement of the clinical signs and symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: This case supports the theory that a previously inert inciting agent could cause a delayed toxic or inflammatory response of the cornea several months after surgery. [J Refinct Surg 2003;19:70-71]