bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing a career in special education
Authors: Reeves Linda M. , Parrish Christopher W. , Guffey Sarah K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the past three decades, the severe shortage of special education teachers has continued to pose a significant challenge for schools in several countries. This study investigated factors that influence an individual’s decision to choose a career in special education. Understanding more about the experiences of those entering the field of special education provides insight to assist in recruiting individuals to meet this demand. Nineteen graduate students enrolled in a university’s special education program in the United States completed a survey and participated in semi‐structured interviews to examine factors that contributed towards their decision to choose a career in special education. Seven factors were identified: experiences with individuals with disabilities, degree program/career goals, a preference for special education, a desire to be an advocate, influence from others, other educational experiences, and personal reasons. In addition, the participants provided recommendations for teacher preparation programs to effectively recruit special education teachers. The recommendations included providing more information to others about what special education teachers do and the impact they make, and providing more exposure to individuals with disabilities.
Multi–sensory impairment: convenient label or recipe for confusion? A scoping review of research conducted in England (2001‐20)
Authors: Kamenopoulou Leda , Ali Aaliya , Ockelford Adam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn England, the term ‘multi‐sensory impairment’ (MSI) has come to overlap with other labels, which is problematic for both research and practice. We undertook a scoping review of empirical studies conducted in England over the past 20 years on MSI and overlapping labels. We designed and used a review protocol and combined multiple searching methods, including repeated database searches, manual searching of journals and expert recommendations. We identified 29 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in the review, and we analysed these according to three themes: (1) terminology used, (2) topic explored, and (3) methodology adopted. We found that terminology was varied and poorly defined, with a lot of overlap between key terms that were used sometimes interchangeably. Moreover, studies varied in the level of transparency provided when methodology was reported. Finally, there was a dearth of research into inclusion in mainstream schools and research gathering learners’ voices. Implications for future research include the need for: (1) identification of factors that have led to overlapping terminology, (2) greater transparency in how the methodologies used in the field are reported, and (3) more evidence, especially from research on strategies in settings that promote inclusion, and research that includes learners’ voices.
Sexing the bony labyrinth: A morphometric investigation in a subadult and adult Belgian identified sample
Authors: Boucherie Alexandra , Polet Caroline , Lefèvre Philippe , Vercauteren Martine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn forensic anthropology, sex estimation is a fundamental step in assessing individual biological profiles when analyzing human skeletons. Yet, current methods are not reliable enough to allow an accurate sex identification of highly fragmented, burnt, or subadult remains. This paper aims to investigate sexual dimorphism of the bony labyrinth on both identified subadult and adult individuals. The bony labyrinth is of particular interest for sex estimation since it is alleged to complete size and maturation pre‐pubertally and is located inside the petrous part of the temporal bone which protects it from taphonomic processes. The study was performed on 93 CT scans of identified individuals from two Belgian osteological collections (19–20th century) and from current pediatric images (Erasme hospital, Brussels). Linear and angular measurements were taken on 2D slices of right bony labyrinths. Intra‐ and interobservers error measurements were calculated. Statistical tests were used to unravel any morphological variations between subadult and adult bony labyrinths and to highlight differences between females and males, separately in subadults and adults. Linear discriminant functions were established by cross‐validation and tested on an independent sample from Belgium. Some measurements were significantly different between subadults and adults, and between females and males within both subadult and adult samples. Univariate functions achieved 72.7% in subadults and 68.4% in adults whereas multivariate equations increased accuracy respectively up to 84.9% and 78.4%. This study entails promising results to design a sex estimation method suitable for fragmented and/or subadult remains. Further metric approaches are needed to explore bony labyrinth sexual dimorphism.
The effect of the Safer at Home order on the frequency of DUI breath alcohol tests in Los Angeles County
Authors: Apodaca Juan C. , Desharnais Robert A. , Mitchell Lennert J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith Los Angeles County having a population size of just over 10 million and an additional 471,000 people who commute into Los Angeles County for employment, many drivers are at risk of being injured or killed in an alcohol‐impaired driving collision. On March 19, 2020, the County of Los Angeles issued the Safer at Home order as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This curtailed driving and decreased the number of breath alcohol tests that were conducted in Los Angeles County. The number of breath tests conducted in January–February of 2019 and 2020 and March–April of 2019 and 2020 were evaluated using Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance. There was a statistically significant decrease in the overall number of breath tests conducted in Los Angeles County in March–April of 2020. There was also a significant decrease in the number of collisions where DUI was a factor. Accounting for changes in traffic volumes, the number of breath tests per vehicle miles driven also decreased significantly. Since the Safer at Home order closed all non‐essential services such as bars and restaurants, there is indirect data on the relative contribution of liquor‐serving establishments, and to some extent large social gatherings, to the incidence of drunk driving. Taking into account traffic volume, it was determined that the odds of encountering an intoxicated driver decreased by approximately 23% during the Safer at Home period. This information could help policy‐makers determine the likely effectiveness of various countermeasures to prevent drunk driving.
Supercooling as a potentially improved storage option for commercial kimchi
Authors: Kim Jinse , Choi Dong Soo , Kim Yong Hoon , Son Jae Yong , Park Chun Wan , Park Seok Ho , Hwang Young 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe supercooling degree (SD), which refers to the difference between the ice nucleation temperature and freezing point of kimchi, varies depending on the type of kimchi, manufacturer, recipe, and manufacturing season. The aim of this study is to investigate the major influencing factors for the supercooled storage of kimchi and to analyze the possibility of supercooled storage for commercial kimchi. Pearson correlation analysis determined that, in commercial kimchi manufactured between March and July 2018, the SD of kimchi correlated to the number of aerobic bacteria (P < 0.01), however, was not associated with lactic acid bacteria. Moreover, the ice nucleation temperature of saline solution inoculated with aerobic bacteria was reduced from –3.03 ± 0.04 to –6.18 ± 0.11 °C by 10 kGy gamma ray sterilization. Meanwhile, the ice nucleation temperatures of 1.8 kg of commercial red cabbage kimchi and 500 g of white cabbage kimchi manufactured in February 2020 were –3.93 ± 0.06 °C and −3.57 ± 0.06 °C, respectively, and they could be stored at –2.5 °C for 12 weeks without freezing. Additionally, supercooled storage of kimchi at –2.5 °C caused a fermentation delay effect compared to control storage at 1 °C, considering the acidity and amount of lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, if the number of aerobic bacteria is controlled during the manufacturing process of kimchi, supercooled storage at temperatures below −2.5 °C may extend the shelf life of kimchi.Practical ApplicationWe have shown that aerobic bacteria are the key influencing factor for ice nucleation of kimchi during supercooled storage. Aside from the initial sterilization process, fermentation of kimchi can also be delayed by lowering the storage temperature below −2.5 °C. Moreover, the method of direct cool refrigeration may have an industrial‐level application.
When is it safe to eat different broiler chicken tissues after administration of doxycycline and tylosin mixture?
Authors: Monir Hany H. , Fayez Yasmin M. , Nessim Christine K. , Michael Adel M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResidues of veterinary drugs in poultry meat have serious health effects on humans (e.g., antimicrobial resistance, carcinogenicity, and hypersensitivity), which make the control of veterinary drug residues an important parameter in ensuring consumer protection. This work was performed to quantitatively determine two co‐formulated anti‐infective veterinary agents, tylosin tartrate (TYT) and doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX) in different tissues of broiler chickens (liver, muscles, and fat) using high performance liquid chromatography. The chicken was treated with the recommended dose of a binary mixture of the drugs (Tydovet). Moreover, the study aimed to estimate the withdrawal time of both drugs in chicken tissues. The analysis was done by solvent extraction and solid‐phase extraction for clean‐up of samples from the tissue matrix, followed by liquid chromatographic determination of the cited drugs with UV‐detection. Residue decline with time was tracked, and both antibiotics were found to be more persistent in liver tissues than other tissues (muscle and fat). The effect of freezing and cooking was investigated on tissue residue levels. While freezing had little effect on the concentration of both antibiotics; cooking, as anticipated, led to a marked decline. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to the proper withdrawal periods before marketing to ensure the hygienic suitability of broilers edibles for safe human consumption.Practical ApplicationThis novel study measures tylosin and doxycycline residues simultaneously in different tissues (muscle, fat, and liver) after administration of Tydovet powder to the broiler chicken. Residues in fat persisted for a longer time than in muscle in case of TYT, whereas the reverse was noticed in DOX.
Chromosome‐scale assembly of the genome of Salixdunnii reveals a male‐heterogametic sex determination system on chromosome 7
Authors: He Li , Jia Kai‐Hua , Zhang Ren‐Gang , Wang Yuan , Shi Tian‐Le , Li Zhi‐Chao , Zeng Si‐Wen , Cai Xin‐Jie , Wagner Natascha Dorothea , Hörandl Elvira , Muyle Aline , Yang Ke , Charlesworth Deborah , Mao Jian‐Feng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSex determination systems in plants can involve either female or male heterogamety (ZW or XY, respectively). Here we used Illumina short reads, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long reads and Hi‐C reads to assemble the first chromosome‐scale genome of a female willow tree (Salix dunnii), and to predict genes using transcriptome sequences and available databases. The final genome sequence of 328 Mb in total was assembled in 29 scaffolds, and includes 31,501 predicted genes. Analyses of short‐read sequence data that included female and male plants suggested a male heterogametic sex‐determining factor on chromosome 7, implying that, unlike the female heterogamety of most species in the genus Salix, male heterogamety evolved in the subgenus Salix. The S. dunnii sex‐linked region occupies about 3.21 Mb of chromosome 7 in females (representing its position in the X chromosome), probably within a pericentromeric region. Our data suggest that this region is enriched for transposable element insertions, and about one‐third of its 124 protein‐coding genes were gained via duplications from other genome regions. We detect purifying selection on the genes that were ancestrally present in the region, though some have been lost. Transcriptome data from female and male individuals show more male‐ than female‐biased genes in catkin and leaf tissues, and indicate enrichment for male‐biased genes in the pseudo‐autosomal regions. Our study provides valuable genomic resources for further studies of sex‐determining regions in the family Salicaceae, and sex chromosome evolution.
Primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma of the lung in an HIV‐positive patient
Authors: Testori Alberto , Perroni Gianluca , Carlo Camilla De , Crepaldi Alessandro , Alloisio Marco , Cioffi Ugo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrimary lung signet‐ring cell carcinomas are a rare entity and only a few cases of pure signet‐ring cell carcinomas of the lung are reported in the English literature. They usually have an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis because in most cases they are identified at an advanced stage. We present a unique case of primary signet‐ring cell carcinoma of the lung because the patient was HIV positive, a heavy smoker, and also the tumor, discovered incidentally during chest x‐ray, was a pure type of signet‐ring cell carcinoma. Surgical therapy associated with chemoradiotherapy represents the gold standard in the care of these patients.
A high‐density genetic linkage map for Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) using 2.3K genotyping‐by‐sequencing SNPs
Authors: Guo Wenjie , He Shan , Liang Xufang , Tian Changxu , Dou Yaqi , Lv Liyuan 
Published: February 2021

SummaryChinese perch, Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky), is one of the most commercially important cultured fishes in China. In the present study, a high‐density genetic linkage map of Chinese perch was constructed by genotyping‐by‐sequencing technique with an F1 mapping panel containing 190 progenies. A total of 2328 SNPs were assigned to 24 linkage groups (LGs), agreeing with the chromosome haploid number in this species (n = 24). The sex‐averaged map covered 97.9% of the Chinese perch genome, with the length of 1694.3 cM and a marker density of 0.7 cM/locus. The number of markers per LG ranged from 57 to 222, with a mean of 97. The length of LGs varied from 43.2 to 108.2 cM, with a mean size of 70.6 cM. The recombination rate of females was 1.5:1, which was higher than that of males. To better understand the distribution pattern of segregation distortion between the two sexes of Chinese perch, the skewed markers were retained and used to reconstruct the sex‐specific maps. The 16 segregation distortion regions were identified on 10 LGs of the female map, while 12 segregation distortion regions on eight LGs of the male map. Among these LGs, six LGs matched between the sex‐specific maps. This high‐density linkage map could provide a solid basis for identifying QTL associated with economically important traits, and for implementing marker‐assisted selection breeding of Chinese perch.
Providing fall prevention services in the emergency department: Is it effective? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Harper Kristie J. , Arendts Glenn , Barton Annette D. , Celenza Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of fall prevention services initiated in the emergency department (ED) to support patients after discharge.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted. Analysis of pooled data used random‐effects modelling with results presented as a risk ratio (RR).ResultsEleven studies were identified (n = 4,018). The proportion of older adults who fell did not differ between the intervention and control groups (RR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.82‐1.06, I2 68%, P = 0.28). There was a significant (P = 0.01) reduction in the monthly rate of falling (RR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52‐0.91, I2 93%), fall‐related injuries (RR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59‐0.88, I2 0%, P = 0.001), and hospital admissions (RR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.90, I2 0%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsED fall prevention services did not significantly reduce the proportion of older adults who had future falls. However, multifactorial intervention significantly reduced fall‐related injuries and hospital admissions with low heterogeneity.
Cutaneous manifestations and dermatological sequelae of Covid‐19 infection compared to those from other viruses
Authors: Sharma Surabhi , Raby Edward , Prasad Kumarasinghe Sujith 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the last few months, there have been numerous reports describing a variety of cutaneous signs associated with COVID‐19. Clinicians from Italy were the first to describe the cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19, which were later observed in other parts of the globe. In some cases, cutaneous signs were the only manifestation of COVID‐19 rather than the typical syndrome of fever and upper respiratory tract symptoms. However, there is considerable heterogeneity amongst the cutaneous signs described so far, which has been published extensively. Our aim is to summarise the latest studies that have reported the early and late cutaneous signs of COVID‐19 and compare them to the most common established viral exanthems.
Tactical dissonance
Authors: ONG ANDREW 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe United Wa State Army (UWSA), an insurgent polity in the highlands of the Myanmar‐China border, has kept the Myanmar state at bay for 30 years. It runs its own administration and controls its territorial boundaries, but disavows secession and independence. It parades its army and walks out of national peace talks, but pledges to defend Myanmar's sovereignty and flies the Myanmar flag. This tactical dissonance consists of oscillating political relations, in which the UWSA intermittently makes and breaks ties with the outside. It is an incongruity both mimicking and disavowing various state effects in an improvisational attempt to adopt political registers and logics that allow it to avoid state domination and express the autonomy it seeks. This relational autonomy paradoxically fosters accommodation and stability, calling into question our assumptions about rebellion, disorder, and peace amid insurgency. [autonomy, insurgency, de facto states, United Wa State Army, Wa Region, Myanmar]
Epac activation induces an extracellular Ca2+‐independent Ca2+ wave that triggers acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa
Authors: Mata‐Martínez Esperanza , Sánchez‐Tusie Ana Alicia , Darszon Alberto , Mayorga Luis S. , Treviño Claudia L. , De Blas Gerardo A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe signaling pathways of the intracellular second messengers cAMP and Ca2+ play a crucial role in numerous physiological processes in human spermatozoa. One such process is the acrosome reaction (AR), which is necessary for spermatozoa to traverse the egg envelope and to expose a fusogenic membrane allowing the egg–sperm fusion. Progesterone and zona pellucida elicit an intracellular Ca2+ increase that is needed for the AR in the mammalian spermatozoa. This increase is mediated by an initial Ca2+ influx but also by a release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. It is known that intracellular Ca2+ stores play a central role in the regulation of [Ca2+]i and in the generation of complex Ca2+ signals such as oscillations and waves. In the human spermatozoa, it has been proposed that the cAMP analog and specific agonist of Epac 8‐(p‐chlorophenylthio)‐2'‐O‐methyladenosine‐3’,5'‐cyclic monophosphate (2'‐O‐Me‐cAMP) elicits an intracellular Ca2+ release involved in the AR.ObjectiveTo identify the molecular entities involved in the Ca2+ mobilization triggered by 2'‐O‐Me‐cAMP in human spermatozoa.Materials and MethodsIn capacitated human spermatozoa, we monitored Ca2+ dynamics and the occurrence of the AR in real time using Fluo 3‐AM and FM4‐64 in a Ca2+‐free medium.ResultsEpac activation by 2'‐O‐Me‐cAMP induced a Ca2+ wave that started in the midpiece and propagated to the acrosome region. This Ca2+ response was sensitive to rotenone, CGP, xestospongin, NED‐19, and thapsigargin, suggesting the participation of different ion transporters (mitochondrial complex I and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, inositol 3‐phosphate receptors, two‐pore channels and internal store Ca2+‐ATPases).DiscussionOur results suggest that Epac activation promotes a dynamic crosstalk between three different intracellular Ca2+ stores: the mitochondria, the redundant nuclear envelope, and the acrosome.ConclusionThe Ca2+ wave triggered by Epac activation is necessary to induce the AR and to enhance the flagellar beat.
An unusual ECG change after a car crash
Authors: Li Yi , Liu Tong , Shi Yajuan , Shi Xiaolin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA 34‐year‐old male patient was preparing for splenic artery embolization because of a car crash. Personal or family histories of cardiovascular diseases, sudden cardiac death, or Brugada syndrome were denied. Type 1 Brugada pattern was observed in the preoperative electrocardiogram and gradually resolved within a week. Chest blunt trauma may contribute to the transient ECG changes, and some particular considerations should be taken in this patient.
Shoulder injections with autologous conditioned serum reduce pain and disability in glenohumeral osteoarthritis: longitudinal observational study
Authors: Simon Maciej J. K. , Aartsen Vivian E. , Coghlan Jennifer A. , Strahl André , Bell Simon N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, non‐surgical treatments for glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GH‐OA) mainly aim to reduce pain. Autologous conditioned serum (ACS), Orthokine, an interleukin‐1 inhibitor from the patient's own blood has an anti‐inflammatory effect. The objective was to determine whether intra‐articular injections of this ACS improved symptoms in patients with GH‐OA and delayed the need for a shoulder replacement.MethodsA total of 36 consecutive patients, 40 shoulders, with OA received up to 6‐weekly intra‐articular injections of ACS were included. Imaging of GH‐OA, range of motion, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain, Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant scores were assessed pre‐injection and post treatment at 3 months. At a minimum of 2 years, VAS and SPADI scores and whether anyone had progressed to a shoulder replacement were recorded.ResultsOutcomes 3 months post‐ACS injections demonstrated on average statistically significant improvement (P < 0.05) of all measurements: SPADI (54.3 ± 21.5 vs 43.7 ± 23.7), Constant score (50.5 ± 14.1 vs 57.1 ± 17.4), VAS pain (4.8 ± 2.2 vs 3.7 ± 2.4) and range of motion. Of these, 16 shoulders progressed to a shoulder replacement, nine cases quickly (0.6 ± 0.2 years) and seven cases were delayed by 3.1 ± 1.7 years. The other 18 cases had significant improvement in pain, SPADI (58.0 ± 19.6 to 31.8 ± 21.4; P < 0.01) scores and no progression to a shoulder replacement at 3.6 ± 1.0 years follow‐up. There was no correlation of glenoid Walch score or joint space with clinical outcome parameters.ConclusionACS injections in the shoulder joint for OA can reduce pain and disability, and postpone the need for a shoulder replacement.