bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Interface Engineering for Advanced Nanocellulosic Hybrid Aerogels with High Compressibility and Multifunctionality
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Cheng Yanhua , Xu Chengjian , Gao Mengyue , Zhu Meifang , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe hierarchical combination of mineral and biopolymer building blocks is advantageous for the notable properties of structural materials. Integrating silane and cellulose nanofibers into high‐performance hybrid aerogels is promising yet remains challenging due to the unsatisfied interface connections. Here, an interfacial engineering strategy is introduced via freeze–drying‐induced wetting and mineralization to reinforce the hierarchical porous cellulose network, resulting in mineral‐coated nanocellulose hybrid aerogels in a simple and consecutive bottom‐up assembly process. With optimized multiscale interfacial engineering between the stiff and soft components, the resulting cellulose‐based hybrid aerogels are endowed with lightweight (>0.7 mg cm−3), superior enhanced mechanical compressibility (>99% strain) within a wide temperature range, as well as super‐hydrophobicity (≈168°) and moisture stability under high humidity (95% relative humidity). Benefiting from these superior characters, the multifunctional hybrid aerogels as effective oil/water absorbents with excellent recyclability, thermal insulators in extreme conditions, and sensitive strain sensors are demonstrated. This assembly approach with optimized interfacial features is scalable and efficient, affording high‐performance cellulose‐based aerogels for various applications.
Broadband Bi2O2Se Photodetectors from Infrared to Terahertz
Authors: Chen Yunfeng , Ma Wanli , Tan Congwei , Luo Man , Zhou Wei , Yao Niangjuan , Wang Hao , Zhang Lili , Xu Tengfei , Tong Tong , Zhou Yong , Xu Yongbing , Yu Chenhui , Shan Chongxin , Peng Hailin , Yue Fangyu , Wang Peng , Huang Zhiming , Hu Weida 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2D Bi2O2Se has shown great potential in photodetector from visible to infrared (IR) owing to its high mobility, ambient stability, and layer‐tunable bandgaps. However, for the terahertz (THz) band with longer wavelength and richer spectral information, there are few reports on the research of THz detection based on 2D materials. Herein, an antenna‐assisted Bi2O2Se photodetector is constructed to achieve broadband photodetection from IR to THz ranges driven by multi‐mechanism of electromagnetic waves to electrical conversion. The good tradeoff between the bandgap and high mobility results in a broad spectral detection. In the IR region, the nonequilibrium carriers result from photo‐induced electron‐hole pairs in the Bi2O2Se body. While in the THz region, the carriers are caused by the injected electrons from the metal electrodes by the electromagnetic‐induced well. The Bi2O2Se photodetector achieves a broadband responsivity of 58 A W‐1 at 1550 nm, 2.7 × 104 V W‐1 at 0.17 THz, and 1.9 × 108 V W‐1 at 0.029 THz, respectively. Surprisingly, an ultrafast response time of 476 ns and a quite low noise equivalent power of 0.2 pW Hz−1/2 are acquired at room temperature. Our researches exhibit promising prospects of Bi2O2Se in broadband detection, THz imaging, and ultrafast sensing.
Highly Efficient and Tunable Emission of Lead‐Free Manganese Halides toward White Light‐Emitting Diode and X‐Ray Scintillation Applications
Authors: Jiang Tingming , Ma Wenbo , Zhang Hao , Tian Yue , Lin Gang , Xiao Wenge , Yu Xue , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui , (Michael) Yang Yang , Ju Dianxing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnvironmental friendly metal halides have become emerging candidates as energy downconverting emitters for lighting and X‐ray imaging applications. Herein, luminescent single crystals of tetramethylammonium manganese chloride (C4H12NMnCl3) and tetraethylammonium bromide ((C8H20N)2MnBr4) are synthesized via a facile room‐temperature evaporation method. C4H12NMnCl3 and (C8H20N)2MnBr4 with octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated Mn2+ have correspondingly exhibited red and green emission peaking at 635 and 515 nm both originating from 4T1–6A1 transition of Mn2+ with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 91.8% and 85.1% benefiting from their specific crystal structures. Thanks to their strong photoexcitation under blue light, high PLQY, tunable emission spectra, good environmental stability, the white light‐emitting diode based on blending of C4H12NMnCl3 and (C8H20N)2MnBr4 delivers an outstanding luminous efficacy of 96 lm W−1, approaching commercial level, and shows no obvious photoluminescence intensity degradation after 3000 h under operation. In addition, manganese halides also demonstrate interesting characteristics under X‐ray excitation, C4H12NMnCl3 and (C8H20N)2MnBr4 exhibit steady‐state X‐ray light yields of 50 500 and 24 400 photons MeV−1, low detectable limits of 36.9 and 24.2 nGyair s−1, good radiation hardness, and X‐ray imaging demonstration with high‐resolution of 5 lp mm−1. This work presents a new avenue for luminescent Mn‐based metal halides toward multifunctional light‐emitting applications.
All Slot‐Die Coated Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with PCE 11%
Authors: Chaturvedi Neha , Gasparini Nicola , Corzo Daniel , Bertrandie Jules , Wehbe Nimer , Troughton Joel , Baran Derya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSlot‐die (SD) coating is used to fabricate fully solution processed organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a blend of high performance donor polymer (PTB7‐Th) and a non‐fullerene acceptor (IEICO‐4F) for stable devices over extended periods of operation. The optimization of a sequential deposition process of transport and active layers, under ambient conditions, enable high efficiency slot‐die coated solar cells with remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCE) > 11.0% to bridge the gap between lab‐to‐fab. Fully slot‐die coated inverted OSCs are demonstrated with efficiencies reaching 11% along with 1 cm2 devices, proving the scalability and reproducibility of the proposed technique. Further, replacing the evaporated Ag electrode with solution processed Ag nanowire (AgNW) electrodes shows the highest light utilization efficiency of 5.26% for semi‐transparent OSC with a PCE of 9.07% and average visible transmission of 58%.
Colossal Magnetoresistance without Mixed Valence in a Layered Phosphide Crystal
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Cheng , Rogers Jared D. , Yao Xiaohan , Nichols Renee , Atay Kemal , Xu Bochao , Franklin Jacob , Sochnikov Ilya , Ryan Philip J. , Haskel Daniel , Tafti Fazel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMaterials with strong magnetoresistive responses are the backbone of spintronic technology, magnetic sensors, and hard drives. Among them, manganese oxides with a mixed valence and a cubic perovskite structure stand out due to their colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). A double exchange interaction underlies the CMR in manganates, whereby charge transport is enhanced when the spins on neighboring Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions are parallel. Prior efforts to find different materials or mechanisms for CMR resulted in a much smaller effect. Here an enormous CMR at low temperatures in EuCd2P2 without manganese, oxygen, mixed valence, or cubic perovskite structure is shown. EuCd2P2 has a layered trigonal lattice and exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering at 11 K. The magnitude of CMR (104%) in as‐grown crystals of EuCd2P2 rivals the magnitude in optimized thin films of manganates. The magnetization, transport, and synchrotron X‐ray data suggest that strong magnetic fluctuations are responsible for this phenomenon. The realization of CMR at low temperatures without heterovalency leads to a new regime for materials and technologies related to antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Tip‐Enhanced Electric Field: A New Mechanism Promoting Mass Transfer in Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Liu Peng , Chen Bo , Liang Caiwu , Yao Wentao , Cui Yuanzheng , Hu Shengyu , Zou Peichao , Zhang Hua , Fan Hong Jin , Yang Cheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe slow kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) causes high power consumption for electrochemical water splitting. Various strategies have been attempted to accelerate the OER rate, but there are few studies on regulating the transport of reactants especially under large current densities when the mass transfer factor dominates the evolution reactions. Herein, NixFe1–x alloy nanocones arrays (with ≈2 nm surface NiO/NiFe(OH)2 layer) are adopted to boost the transport of reactants. Finite element analysis suggests that the high‐curvature tips can enhance the local electric field, which induces an order of magnitude higher concentration of hydroxide ions (OH−) at the active sites and promotes intrinsic OER activity by 67% at 1.5 V. Experimental results show that a fabricated NiFe nanocone array electrode, with optimized alloy composition, has a small overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 255 mV at 500 mA cm−2. When calibrated by electrochemical surface area, the nanocones electrode outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art OER electrocatalysts. The positive effect of the tip‐enhanced local electric field in promoting mass transfer is also confirmed by comparing samples with different tip curvature radii. It is suggested that this local field enhanced OER kinetics is a generic effect to other OER catalysts.
Rational Design of High‐Concentration Ti3+ in Porous Carbon‐Doped TiO2 Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Han Qing , Wu Chongbei , Jiao Haimiao , Xu Ruoyu , Wang Yuze , Xie Jijia , Guo Qian , Tang Junwang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic ammonia synthesis is exciting but quite challenging with a very moderate yield at present. One of the greatest challenges is to develop highly active centers in a photocatalyst for N2 reduction under ambient conditions. Herein, porous carbon‐doped anatase TiOx (C‐TiOx) nanosheets with high‐concentration active sites of Ti3+ are presented, which are produced by layered Ti3SiC2 through a reproducible bottom‐up approach. It is shown that the high‐concentration Ti3+ sites are the major species for the significant increase in N2 photoreduction activity by the C‐TiOx. Such bottom‐up substitutional doping of C into TiO2 is responsible for both visible absorption and generation of Ti3+ concentration. Together with the porous nanosheets morphology and the loading of a Ru/RuO2 nanosized cocatalyst for enhanced charge separation and transfer, the optimal C‐TiOx with a Ti3+/Ti4+ ratio of 72.1% shows a high NH3 production rate of 109.3 µmol g−1 h−1 under visible‐light irradiation and a remarkable apparent quantum efficiency of 1.1% at 400 nm, which is the highest compared to all TiO2‐based photocatalysts at present.
Preparation and Potential Catalytic Applications of Hierarchically Structured Zeolites with Macropores
Authors: Weissenberger Tobias , Machoke Albert G. F. , Reiprich Bastian , Schwieger Wilhelm 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHierarchically structured zeolites can mitigate problems arising from the slow transport in the micropores, such as diffusion limitations. Hence, a manifold of different preparation methods for hierarchical zeolites have been developed over the years and the corresponding zeolites showed superior performance due to enhanced mass transport caused by higher diffusivities in the additional pore system and reduced diffusion path length in the micropores. The dimensions of the additional secondary “transport” pores in these materials is a major factor affecting their diffusion properties and consequently their catalytic performance. Interestingly almost all reports focus on the generation of additional mesopores and study of catalytic performance of mesoporous zeolites. Larger macropores with pore diameters of more than 50 nm, however, have some intrinsic advantages over mesopores that make them very attractive for catalytic applications. In the last years, methods for the preparation of zeolites and zeolite composites with additional macropores have been developed. These developments have brought about a novel and promising class of hierarchically structured materials; zeolites with macropores. This review gives an overview about different preparation routes for zeolites with inter or intra crystalline macropores as well as zeolite composites with macropores and summarizes the first studies regarding catalytic their performance.
Dual Passivation of Perovskite and SnO2 for High‐Efficiency MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Yali , Zuo Xuejiao , He Yiyang , Qian Fang , Zuo Shengnan , Zhang Yalan , Liang Lei , Chen Zuqin , Zhao Kui , Liu Zhike , Gou Jing , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSo far, most techniques for modifying perovskite solar cells (PSCs) focus on either the perovskite or electron transport layer (ETL). For the sake of comprehensively improving device performance, a dual‐functional method of simultaneously passivating trap defects in both the perovskite and ETL films is proposed that utilizes guidable transfer of Eu3+ in SnO2 to perovskite. Europium ions are distributed throughout the SnO2 film during the formation process of SnO2, and they can diffuse directionally through the SnO2/perovskite interface into the perovskite, while most of the europium ions remain at the interface. Under the synergistic effect of distributed Eu3+ in the SnO2 and aggregated Eu3+ at the interface, the electron mobilities of ETLs are evidently improved. Meanwhile, diffused Eu3+ ions passivate the perovskite to reduce trap densities at the grain boundaries, which can dramatically elevate the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of PSCs. Finally, the mainly PSCs coated on SnO2:Eu3+ ETL achieve a power conversion efficiency of 20.14%. Moreover, an unsealed device degrades by only 13% after exposure to ambient atmosphere for 84 days.
Synergistic Ice Inhibition Effect Enhances Rapid Freezing Cryopreservation with Low Concentration of Cryoprotectants
Authors: Chang Tie , Moses Oyawale Adetunji , Tian Conghui , Wang Hai , Song Li , Zhao Gang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite recent advances in controlling ice formation and growth, it remains a challenge to design anti‐icing materials in various fields from atmospheric to biological cryopreservation. Herein, tungsten diselenide (WSe2)‐polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized through one‐step solvothermal route. The WSe2‐PVP NPs show synergetic ice regulation ability both in the freezing and thawing processes. Molecularly speaking, PVP containing amides group can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. At a macro level, the WSe2‐PVP NPs show adsorption‐inhibition and photothermal conversation effects to synergistically restrict ice growth. Meanwhile, WSe2‐PVP NPs are for the first time used for the cryopreservation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)‐laden constructs based on rapid freezing with low concentrations of cryoprotectants (CPAs), the experimental results indicate that a minimal concentration (0.5 mg mL−1) of WSe2‐PVP NPs can increase the viabilities of HUVECs in the constructs post cryopreservation (from 55.8% to 83.4%) and the cryopreserved constructs can also keep good condition in vivo within 7 days. Therefore, this work provides a novel strategy to synergistically suppress the formation and growth of the ice crystalsfor the cryopreservation of cells, tissues, or organs.
Sequential Deposition of Donor and Acceptor Provides High‐Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Having a Pseudo p–i–n Active Layer Structure
Authors: Wang Hao‐Cheng , Cheng Pei , Tan Shaun , Chen Chung‐Hao , Chang Bin , Tsao Cheng‐Si , Chen Li‐Yin , Hsieh Chung‐An , Lin Yu‐Che , Cheng Hao‐Wen , Yang Yang , Wei Kung‐Hwa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSemitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) have great potential for use in renewable energy technologies. In bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) ST‐OPVs, a compromise is necessary between the visible light transmittance (VLT) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE). A sequential deposition (SD) strategy that involves individually depositing a polymer donor layer (D) and a small‐molecule acceptor layer (A) as the active layer is presented; where molecular diffusion occurring at the interfacial region results in a pseudo p–i–n structure. PBDB‐T‐2F(D)/Y6(A) ST‐OPVs are fabricated with different active layer thicknesses—at 115 nm, the SD (D:A/75:40 nm) and BHJ devices (D:A/1:1.2 w) provide the champion PCE of 12.91% (VLT of 14.5%) and 12.77% (VLT of 13.4%), respectively; at 85 nm, the SD (D:A/45:40 nm) and BHJ devices (D:A/1:1.2 w) provide a PCE of 12.22% (VLT of 22.2%) and 11.23% (VLT of 16.6%), respectively. This trend indicates SD devices have larger PCE and VLT values than the BHJ devices at a given active layer thickness, and the enhancements of PCE and VLT values by the SD structures against the BHJ structures become more pronounced as the active layer thickness reduced. The SD strategy provides a new approach for achieving ST‐OPVs with both high efficiency and high transparency.
Residual herbicides affect critical time of Palmer amaranth removal in soybean
Authors: de Sanctis Jose H. S. , Barnes Ethann R. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Kumar Vipan , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlyphosate‐resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is one of the most difficult to control weeds in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production fields. Residual pre‐emergence (PRE) herbicide applied at planting is one of the recommendations for management of herbicide‐resistant Palmer amaranth; however, information is not available about the effect of residual herbicides on critical time of Palmer amaranth removal (CTPAR) to prevent an unacceptable yield loss in soybean. The objective of this study was to determine the CTPAR in soybean affected by residual PRE herbicides compared with the no PRE herbicide in southcentral Nebraska. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in a grower's field infested with GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, NE. The treatments were arranged in a split‐plot design with PRE herbicides (no PRE herbicide, flumioxazin, and a premix of flumioxazin/metribuzin/pyroxasulfone) as the main plot and Palmer amaranth removal timings as subplot treatments (a weed‐free control; a nontreated control; and Palmer amaranth removal timing at the V1, V3, V6, R2, and R5 soybean growth stages). In the absence of a PRE herbicide, the CTPAR at 5% soybean yield loss occurred at V1 and V6 soybean growth stages, equivalent to 194 and 480 Celsius growing degrees days (GDDc) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. When flumioxazin was applied alone, the CTPAR was delayed until the V3 and V6 soybean growth stages, or 341 and 501 GDDc. When flumioxazin/metribuzin/pyroxasulfone premix was applied, the CTPAR was delayed until the V2 and R1 soybean growth stages, corresponding to 255 and 546 GDDc, in 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Essential updates 2019/2020: Surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer
Authors: Matsuyama Ryusei , Yabusita Yasuhiro , Homma Yuki , Kumamoto Takafumi , Endo Itaru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGallbladder cancer is a biliary tract cancer that originates in the gallbladder and cystic ducts and is recognized worldwide as a refractory cancer with early involvement of the surrounding area because of its anatomical characteristics. Although the number of cases is increasing steadily worldwide, the frequency of this disease remains low, making it difficult to plan large‐scale clinical studies, and there is still much discussion about the indications for surgical resection and the introduction of multidisciplinary treatment. Articles published between 2019 and 2020 were reviewed, focusing mainly on the indications for surgical resection for each tumor stage, the treatment of incidental gallbladder cancer, and current trends in minimally invasive surgery for gallbladder cancer.
Operability and control in process intensification and modular design: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. , Tian Yuhe , Bindlish Rahul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, the importance of considering operability and control criteria in the analysis and design of intensified and modular processes is discussed. We first analyze the impact on operability of key factors including: (i) degrees of freedom, (ii) process constraints, (iii) numbering up vs. scaling up, and (iv) dynamic/periodic operation. Comparative examples are presented to showcase the pros and cons in intensified/modular systems vs. their conventional counterparts from operability and control aspects. Then we look into metrics and tools to address these challenges such as: (i) flexibility analysis, (ii) operability‐based design, and (iii) advanced model‐based control. Considering different conceptual design stages as synthesis intensification, steady‐state design, and dynamic operational optimization, we highlight the need to incorporate different levels of operability considerations. Future research opportunities and perspectives are also identified, particularly emphasizing the importance of a holistic strategy for integrated design, operability, and control of intensified and modular process systems.
Variability of weaning age in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Authors: Robbins Martha M. , Robbins Andrew M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesWeaning is a key life history milestone for mammals that represents both the end of nutritional investment from the perspective of mothers and the start of complete nutritional independence for the infants. The age at weaning may vary depending on ecological, social, and demographic factors experienced by the mother and infant. Bwindi mountain gorillas live in different environmental conditions and have longer interbirth intervals than their counterparts in the Virunga Volcanoes, yet other life history characteristics of this population remain less well known. We use long‐term data from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda to examine factors related to weaning age.Materials and methodsWe analyzed data on infants born in four mountain gorilla groups in Bwindi to quantify their age of weaning (defined as last nipple contact) and to test if the sex of offspring, parity, and dominance rank of mother influences age of weaning. We also compared the age at weaning and time to conception after resumption of mating in Bwindi and Virunga gorillas.ResultsBwindi gorillas were weaned at an average age of 57.5 months. No difference was found between age of weaning for primiparous and multiparous mothers, nor did maternal dominance rank influence age of weaning, but sons were weaned at a later age than daughters. The majority of Bwindi mothers were still suckling when they resumed mating and mothers generally conceived before they weaned their previous offspring. The age of weaning was significantly later in Bwindi than in Virunga gorillas. After mothers resumed mating, the time to conceiving the next offspring was not significantly longer for Bwindi females than Virungas females (6 vs. 4 months).DiscussionLater weaning age for sons than daughters is similar to findings of other studies of great apes. Bwindi mountain gorillas are weaned at approximately the same age as western gorillas and chimpanzees, which is more than a year later than Virunga mountain gorillas. The results of this study suggest that variation in ecological conditions of populations living in close geographic proximity can result in variation in life history patterns, which has implications for understanding the evolution of the unique life history patterns of humans.