bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intratumoural heterogeneity and clone evolution of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Xinmiao , Jia Yulin , Guo Fengyuan , Zhengjun Shang , Shao Zhe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy. Our study uses multipoint materials to explore the heterogeneity and metastasis mechanism of OSCC to find more accurate molecular markers and new therapeutic targets. By using whole‐exome capture and sequencing and tumor evolution analysis, we found that most clone‐driven mutations were located in the branches of tumor phylogenetic tree, such as COTL1, CASP8, and PROCR. Most clone‐driven OSCC mutations occur mainly in tumor suppressor genes, including TP53, SFRP4, and NOTCH1. Our study on intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) and clonal evolution provides an important molecular basis for further understanding of OSCC occurrence and development and metastasis and provides potential targets for the treatment of this disease.
Genotype–Phenotype Relations in Primary Familial Brain Calcification: Systematic MDSGene Review
Authors: Balck Alexander , Schaake Susen , Kuhnke Neele Sophie , Domingo Aloysius , Madoev Harutyun , Margolesky Jason , Dobricic Valerija , Alvarez‐Fischer Daniel , Laabs Björn‐Hergen , Kasten Meike , Luo Wei , Nicolas Gael , Marras Connie , Lohmann Katja , Klein Christine , Westenberger Ana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis systematic MDSGene review covers individuals with confirmed genetic forms of primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) available in the literature. Data on 516 (47% men) individuals, carrying heterozygous variants in SLC20A2 (solute carrier family 20 member 2, 61%), PDGFB (platelet‐derived growth factor subunit B, 12%), XPR1 (xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor, 16%), or PDGFRB (platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta, 5%) or biallelic variants in MYORG (myogenesis‐regulating glycosidase, 13%) or JAM2 (junctional adhesion molecule 2, 2%), were extracted from 93 articles. Nearly one‐third of the mutation carriers were clinically unaffected. Carriers of PDGFRB variants were more likely to be clinically unaffected (~54%), and the penetrance of SLC20A2 and XPR1 variants (<70%) was lower in comparison to the remaining three genes (>85%). Among the 349 clinically affected patients, 27% showed only motor and 31% only nonmotor symptoms/signs, whereas the remaining 42% had a combination thereof. While parkinsonism and speech disturbance were the most frequently reported motor manifestations, cognitive deficits, headache, and depression were the major nonmotor symptoms/signs. The basal ganglia were always calcified, and the cerebellum, thalamus, and white matter contained calcifications in 58%, 53%, and 43%, respectively, of individuals. In autosomal‐dominant PFBC, mutation severity influenced the number of calcified brain areas, which in turn correlated with the clinical status, whereby the risk of developing symptoms/signs more than doubled for each additional region with calcifications. Our systematic analysis provides the most comprehensive insight into genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging features of known PFBC forms, to date. In addition, it puts forth the penetrance estimates and newly discovered genotype–phenotype relations that will improve counseling of individuals with mutations in PFBC genes. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Access and Attitudes Toward Palliative Care Among Movement Disorders Clinicians
Authors: Miyasaki Janis M. , Lim Shen‐Yang , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Antonini Angelo , Piemonte Maria , Richfield Edward , Alburquerque Gonzalez Daniela , Lorenzl Stefan , Walker Richard , Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Bouca Raquel , McConvey Victor ,   the Task Force on Palliative Care of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuropalliative care is an emerging field for those with neurodegenerative illnesses, but access to neuropalliative care remains limited.ObjectiveWe sought to determine Movement Disorder Society (MDS) members' attitudes and access to palliative care.MethodsA quantitative and qualitative survey instrument was developed by the MDS Palliative Care Task Force and e‐mailed to all members for completion. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were triangulated.ResultsOf 6442 members contacted, 652 completed the survey. Completed surveys indicating country of the respondent overwhelmingly represented middle‐ and high‐income countries. Government‐funded homecare was available to 54% of respondents based on patient need, 25% limited access, and 21% during hospitalization or an acute defined event. Eighty‐nine percent worked in multidisciplinary teams. The majority endorsed trigger‐based referrals to palliative care (75.5%), while 24.5% indicated any time after diagnosis was appropriate. Although 66% referred patients to palliative care, 34% did not refer patients. Barriers were identified by 68% of respondents, the most significant being available workforce, financial support for palliative care, and perceived knowledge of palliative care physicians specific to movement disorders. Of 499 respondents indicating their training in palliative care or desire to learn these skills, 55% indicated a desire to gain more skills.ConclusionsThe majority of MDS member respondents endorsed a role for palliative care in movement disorders. Many members have palliative training or collaborate with palliative care physicians. Although significant barriers exist to access palliative care, the desire to gain more skills and education on palliative care is an opportunity for professional development within the MDS. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The role of Wnt signaling in skin fibrosis
Authors: Griffin Michelle F. , Huber Julika , Evan Fahy J. , Quarto Natalina , Longaker Michael T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSkin fibrosis is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the dermis. Cutaneous fibrosis can occur following tissue injury, including burns, trauma, and surgery, resulting in scars that are disfiguring, limit movement and cause significant psychological distress for patients. Many molecular pathways have been implicated in the development of skin fibrosis, yet effective treatments to prevent or reverse scarring are unknown. The Wnt signaling pathways are known to play an important role in skin homeostasis, skin injury, and in the development of fibrotic skin diseases. This review provides a detailed overview of the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathways in regulating skin scarring. We also discuss how Wnt signaling interacts with other known fibrotic molecular pathways to cause skin fibrosis. We further provide a summary of the different Wnt inhibitor types available for treating skin scarring. Understanding the role of the Wnt pathway in cutaneous fibrosis will accelerate the development of effective Wnt modulators for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
Improved prospective frequency correction for macromolecule‐suppressed GABA editing with metabolite cycling at 3T
Authors: Chan Kimberly L. , Hock Andreas , Edden Richard A. E. , MacMillan Erin L. , Henning Anke 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo combine metabolite cycling with J‐difference editing (MC MEGA) to allow for prospective frequency correction at each transient without additional acquisitions and compare it to water‐suppressed MEGA‐PRESS (WS MEGA) editing with intermittent prospective frequency correction.MethodsMacromolecule‐suppressed gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐edited experiments were performed in a phantom and in the occipital lobe (OCC) (n= 12) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (n= 8) of the human brain. Water frequency consistency and average offset over acquisition time were compared. GABA multiplet patterns, signal intensities, and choline subtraction artifacts were evaluated. In vivo GABA concentrations were compared and related to frequency offset in the OCC.ResultsMC MEGA was more stable with 21% and 32% smaller water frequency SDs in the OCC and mPFC, respectively. MC MEGA also had 39% and 40% smaller average frequency offsets in the OCC and mPFC, respectively. Phantom GABA multiplet patterns and signal intensities were similar. In vivo GABA concentrations were smaller in MC MEGA than in WS MEGA, with median (interquartile range) of 2.52 (0.27) and 2.29 (0.19) institutional units (i.u.), respectively in the OCC scans without prior DTI, and 0.99 (0.3) and 1.72 (0.5), respectively in the mPFC. OCC WS MEGA GABA concentrations, but not MC MEGA GABA concentrations were moderately correlated with frequency offset. mPFC WS MEGA spectra contained significantly more subtraction artifacts than MC MEGA spectra.ConclusionMC MEGA is feasible and allows for prospective frequency correction at every transient. MC MEGA GABA concentrations were not biased by frequency offsets and contained less subtraction artifacts compared to WS MEGA.
Psychotropic drug use rate among detention house residents and association with the category of the crimes in Japan
Authors: Nishio Akihiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe White Paper on Crime 2019 from the Japanese Ministry of Justice reported that the percentage of crimes committed by people with mental disabilities was only 1.0%. In contrast, the findings of a statistical survey of correctional facilities reported that 15.1% of the prisoners were diagnosed with a mental illness. This study aimed at clarifying the relationship between mental illness and crime among suspects in a detention house and explaining this large gap.MethodsCriminal suspects who were newly admitted in the Gifu detention house in Japan were eligible for the study. The status of psychotropic drug use was investigated, and its relationship with age, sex, offense history, and type of crime was analyzed. Newly prescribed medications in detention houses or police stations were excluded.ResultsIn total, 26.5% of the residents in a detention house used psychotropic drugs. The psychotropic drug use rate was 16.7% (excluding the sleeping pill use rate). The use rates of sleeping pills, anxiolytics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics were 22.6%, 11.1%, 3.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Psychotropic drug use was high in illicit drug users and low in suspects for immigration violence. Psychotropic drug use was higher among female suspects, suspects in their 40s and 50s, and suspects with a multiple crime history. Anxiolytic (17.0%) and antipsychotic (11.9%) use rates were high among suspects for violence.ConclusionIn total, 26.5% of the subjects used psychotropic drugs. Psychotropic drug use was high in illicit drug users and low in suspects for immigration violence.
Improvements and limitation of soy protein‐based adhesive: A review
Authors: Lamaming Sofie Zarina , Lamaming Junidah , Rawi Nurul Fazita Mohammad , Hashim Rokiah , Kassim Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad , Hussin Mohd Hazwan , Bustami Yazmin , Sulaiman Othman , Amini Mohd Hazim Mohamad , Hiziroglu Salim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoy protein is known for its eco‐friendly, sustainable, and biodegradable qualities that are likely used as raw material in producing bioadhesive. However, soy protein‐based adhesive are lacking in terms of adhesive strength and water‐resistance compared to commercial formaldehyde‐based adhesives such as phenol and urea‐formaldehyde resin. Therefore, continuous research has been done to improve adhesive performance. This can be done via physical or modification methods, including the usage of cross‐linking agents, structural modification, enzymatic modification, and the addition of additives. This review will cover these modification methods that give significant enhancement to the water‐resistance and adhesive strength of soy protein‐based adhesives.
Scoping review of augmented renal clearance in critically ill pediatric patients
Authors: Rhoney Denise H. , Metzger Samuel A. , Nelson Nicholas R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAugmented renal clearance (ARC), a phenomenon of enhanced elimination of renal solutes, has been described in adult critically ill patients, but little is known about the phenomenon in children. The aim of this scoping review was to gather and summarize all evidence on ARC in pediatric patients to examine its breadth and depth including prevalence, risk factors, and pharmacokinetic alterations and identify any gaps for further areas of inquiry. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for titles, abstracts, or keywords that focused on ARC. Non‐English studies, reviews, and nonhuman studies were excluded. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. Data were extracted on article type, study details, patient population, ARC definition and prevalence, methods of renal function assessment, and study results. A total of 215 citations were found with 25 citations meeting the criteria for inclusion in pediatrics (2102 total patients); the majority of studies (84%) focused on pharmacokinetics (PK) of antimicrobial agents. The median/mean age range was 1.25–12 years. There were a total of 10 different definitions of ARC. The prevalence of ARC ranged from 7.8% to 78%. The most common method for documenting creatinine clearance (CrCl) was the modified Schwartz equation (64%). Only 20% of studies reported risk factors for ARC including low serum creatinine, increasing age, febrile neutropenia, male, septic shock, and treatment with antibiotics. Glycopeptide antimicrobials were the most evaluated class (42.9%) among the 21 antimicrobial drug studies. All studies reported increased drug clearance and/or poor probability of achieving target concentrations of the agents studied. ARC showed variable prevalence in pediatric patients likely due to the lack of a standard definition and many studies not considering age‐related changes in CrCl with pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. ARC was shown to impact PK of antibiotics commonly administered to pediatric patients, which may necessitate changes in standard dosing regimens.
Application of plasma‐activated water as an antimicrobial washing agent of fresh leafy produce
Authors: Dimitrakellis Panagiotis , Giannoglou Marianna , Xanthou Zacharoula Maria , Gogolides Evangelos , Taoukis Petros , Katsaros George 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlasma‐activated water (PAW) was investigated as a “green” antimicrobial washing agent for decontamination of ready‐to‐eat rocket salads. PAW was generated using a dielectric barrier discharge jet and the plasma chemistry was correlated to the PAW characteristics. The low helium flow rates favored the NOx formation and resulted also in higher reactive species concentration upon storage. PAW activity was retained even after 12 days of storage at low temperatures. The application of fresh and 7‐days‐stored PAW as washing agents resulted in significant microbial load reduction, whereas the quality indices of PAW‐treated rocket leaves were retained. Finally, the PAW treatment increased the shelf‐life of the leafy salad by a factor of ~2.5 upon storage at 5°C, demonstrating the potential application of plasma technology in the processing and shelf‐life extension of sensitive food products.
Managing the functional diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for the sustainable intensification of crop production
Authors: Brito Isabel , Carvalho Mário , Goss Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

Societal Impact StatementThe need to increase food production with reduced use of resources and environmental impact demands innovative rethinking and evolution of cropping systems. The essential changes required are consistent with sustaining arbuscular mycorrhiza, which, together with their associated microorganisms, could be managed to play an important role, especially in the protection of crops against abiotic and biotic stresses. Mycorrhiza should be included in agronomic decision processes, where chemical options to protect crops are limited or require the use of large applications. Defining rotational plant sequence or using cover crops and adopting reduced or no‐till techniques are key components of a strategy for a consistent and predictable way of manipulating the native inoculum to capitalize on the manifold benefits potentially provided by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through their functional diversity.SummaryDespite the wide range of benefits arbuscular mycorrhiza can confer, they are not usually considered in large‐scale farming systems because the potential improvements in crop yields through the enhanced uptake of nutrients is a matter of debate and the advantages from the bio‐protection afforded against biotic and abiotic stresses have not been adequately recognised. Research carried out by our group over the last 20 years has allowed the development of a strategy based on the intentional use of selected host plants (Developer plants), to develop an extensive extraradical mycelium which, when kept intact by the adoption of appropriate tillage techniques, acts as preferential source of inoculum for the following crop, leading to earlier and faster colonization by AM fungi. Depending on the particular host plant chosen as Developer, this strategy can also be used as a tool to manage AMF functional diversity. Using this approach, we have achieved effective protection against abiotic (Mn soil toxicity) and biotic (Fusarium oxysporum and Magnaporthiopsis maydis) stresses in different crops. The strategy can easily be applied at field scale, both in low and high input cropping systems. It only requires small changes to the cropping system, such as employing no‐till and altered crop rotation or cover crops, that are simple to adopt and can realistically be implemented at the field level. This represents an important breakthrough as it allows intentional and predictable manipulation of the native soil mycorrhizal population over a range of different soils and circumstances.
In silico numerical simulation of ventilator settings during high‐frequency ventilation in preterm infants
Authors: Förster Kai M. , Roth Christian J. , Hilgendorff Anne , Ertl‐Wagner Birgit , Flemmer Andreas W. , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite the routine use of antenatal steroids, exogenous surfactants, and different noninvasive ventilation methods, many extremely low gestational age neonates, preterm, and term infants eventually require invasive ventilation. In addition to prematurity, mechanical ventilation itself can induce ventilator‐induced lung injury leading to lifelong pulmonary sequelae. Besides conventional mechanical ventilation, high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with tidal volumes below dead space and high ventilation frequencies is used either as a primary or rescue therapy in severe neonatal respiratory failure.Methods and ResultsApplying a high‐resolution computational lung modeling technique in a preterm infant, we studied three different high‐frequency ventilation settings as well as conventional ventilation (CV) settings. Evaluating the computed oxygen delivery (OD) and lung mechanics (LM) we outline for the first time how changing ventilator settings from CV to HFOV lead to significant improvements in OD and LM.ConclusionThis personalized “digital twin” strategy advances our general knowledge of protective ventilation strategies in neonatal care and can support decisions on various modes of ventilatory therapy at high frequencies.
Rotational Isomerization about C−C Single Bond in a Novel ICT Probe Facilitates Naked‐Eye, Colorimetric and Ratiometric Detection of Cobalt in Aqueous Samples**
Authors: Divya Dhakshinamurthy , Thennarasu Sathiah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new UV‐active indole‐pyrazole extended π‐system (probe A) that displays a large bathochromic shift (∼325 nm) when it interacts only with Co2+ and not with other transition metal ions, is presented. The increase in the intensity of new transitions at 592 and 684 nm due to A−Co2+−Cl2.H2O complex formation occurs at the expense of the transition at 358 nm arising from the probe A, and thereby offers a ratiometric method for detection of Co2+ present in aqueous samples. The ratiometric method sets the detection limit for Co2+ at 0.404×10−6 M and 0.337×10−6 M, when calculated for the transitions at 592 and 684 nm, respectively. The corresponding association constants are 4.041×105 M−1 at 592 nm, and 3.617×105 M−1 at 684 nm. Job plot and ESI‐MS data confirmed the 1 : 1 stoichiometry of A−Co2+−Cl2.H2O complex. The mode of interaction between the probe A and Co2+ is explained in terms of conformational isomerization and chelation, using 1H NMR method and DFT calculations. Other metal ions commonly found in the environment do not seem to interfere in the selective determination of Co2+ ions. Suitability of probe A in the detection of Co2+ at concentrations less than 1.7 μM (recommended level of Co2+ ions by US‐EPA) is also demonstrated using water samples collected from the environment. Test kits suitable for routine on‐site analysis are also developed.
Ethylene‐Butadiene Copolymerization and Ethylene‐1‐Hexene‐Butadiene Terpolymerization with a MgCl2‐Supported Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst: Polymer Structure and Active Centers
Authors: Adnan Akram Muhammad , Liu Xiaoyu , Fu Zhisheng , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, systematic studies on ethylene/butadiene copolymerization and ethylene/1‐hexene/butadiene terpolymerization with a TiCl4/ID/MgCl2(ID=diester) type Z−N catalyst were conducted in slurry process under 1 atm ethylene pressure, and the effects of initial butadiene concentration ([Bd]0) on polymerization activity, copolymer structure, active center number ([C*]/[Ti]) and active center distribution were studied. Activity of the co‐ and terpolymerization was evidently lowered by raising [Bd]0. The butadiene incorporations were highlytrans‐1,4 regio /stereoselective. Addition of 1‐hexene caused increase in polymerization activity, and 1‐hexene incorporation rate was reduced by raising [Bd]0. Both the copolymer and terpolymer were composed of two fractions with high and low butadiene content, respectively. The fraction with low butadiene content (insoluble in boilingn‐heptane) accounted for more than 85 % of the copolymer and more than 70 % of the terpolymer. [C*]/[Ti] was determined by quench‐labeling the propagation chains by thiophene‐2‐carbonyl chloride. [C*]/[Ti] first increase to about 80 % and then decreased with increase of [Bd]0. A part of active centers was deactivated by butadiene when [Bd]0was higher than 0.2 mol/L. Addition of 1‐hexene slightly increased [C*]/[Ti] ratio. By using supported Z−N catalysts, it is feasible to synthesize ethylene‐butadiene copolymer and ethylene‐1‐hexene‐butadiene terpolymer with relatively low butadiene content (≤1 mol %) at acceptable catalyst efficiency (about 50 % of the polymerization systems without butadiene).