bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Shocks on the Vertical Structure of Eccentric Disks
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accretion disks whose matter follows eccentric orbits can arise in multiple astrophysical situations. Unlike circular orbit disks, the vertical gravity in eccentric disks varies around the orbit. In this paper, we investigate some of the dynamical effects of this varying gravity on the vertical structure using 1D hydrodynamics simulations of individual gas columns assumed to be mutually noninteracting. We find that time-dependent gravitational pumping generically creates shocks near pericenter; the energy dissipated in the shocks is taken from the orbital energy. Because the kinetic energy per unit mass in vertical motion near pericenter can be large compared to the net orbital energy, the shocked gas can be heated to nearly the virial temperature, and some of it becomes unbound. These shocks affect larger fractions of the disk mass for larger eccentricity and/or disk aspect ratio. If the orbit can be maintained despite orbital energy loss, diverse initial structures evolve in only a few orbits so that they follow a limit cycle characterized by a low-entropy midplane and a much higher entropy outer layer. In favorable cases (such as the tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes), these effects could be a potentially important energy dissipation and mass-loss mechanism.
Wave Excitation by Power-law-Distributed Energetic Electrons with Pitch-angle Anisotropy in the Solar Corona
Authors: Zhou Xiaowei , Muñoz Patricio A. , Büchner Jörg , Liu Siming , Yao Xin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Radio waves from the Sun are emitted, as a rule, due to energized electrons. Observations infer that the related energized electrons follow (negative) power-law velocity distributions above a break velocity U

b
. They might also distribute anisotropically in the pitch-angle space. To understand radio wave generation better, we study the consequences of anisotropic power-law-distributed energetic electrons in current-free collisionless coronal plasmas utilizing 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We assume that the velocity distribution f

u
of the energized electrons follows a plateau (∂f

u
/∂u = 0) and a power-law distribution with spectral index α for velocities below and above U

b
, respectively. In the pitch-angle space, these energized electrons are spread around a center μ

c
= 0.5. We found that the energetic plateau-power-law electrons can more efficiently generate coherent waves if the anisotropy of their pitch-angle distribution is sufficiently strong, i.e., a small pitch-angle spread μ

s
. The break velocity U

b
affects the excitation dominance between the electrostatic and electromagnetic waves: for larger U

b
electrostatic waves are mainly excited, while intermediate values of U

b
are required for an excitation dominated by electromagnetic waves. The spectral index α controls the growth rate, efficiency, saturation, and anisotropy of the excited electromagnetic waves as well as the energy partition in different wave modes. These excited electromagnetic waves are predominantly right-handed polarized, in X- and Z-modes, as observed, e.g., in solar radio spikes. Additionally about 90% of the kinetic energy loss of the energetic electrons is dissipated, heating the ambient thermal electrons. This may contribute to the coronal heating.
Variable Stars in Local Group Galaxies. VI. The Isolated Dwarfs VV 124 and KKr 25
Authors: Neeley Jillian R. , Monelli Matteo , Marengo Massimo , Fiorentino Giuliana , Vivas A. Katherina , Walker Alistair , Gallart Carme , Martínez-Vázquez C. E. , Bono Giuseppe , Cassisi Santi , Marconi Marcella , Dall’Ora Massimo , Sarajedini Ata 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the discovery of variable stars in two isolated dwarf galaxies in the outskirts of the Local Group, VV 124 and KKr 25, using observations with the Hubble Space Telescope. VV 124 hosts stellar populations with a wide range of ages (>10 Gyr until the present) and therefore we find all types of classical pulsators. In VV 124, we detect a total of 771 variable stars, including 78 classical Cepheids, 10 anomalous Cepheids, one Type II Cepheid, 678 RR Lyrae stars, and four eclipsing binaries. In KKr 25, we find 25 anomalous Cepheids, 46 RR Lyrae stars, and no classical Cepheids, thus the galaxy does not have a strong young population. A comparison of the variables with evolutionary tracks suggests that both galaxies may contain an intrinsic spread in metallicity, but overall are fairly metal-poor. We also present detailed simulations, which have been designed to estimate the completeness of our variable catalog. Particularly in the cases for which the observations are not deep enough to reach the main-sequence turnoff, such as the more distant Local Group dwarf galaxies, the techniques developed here can be used together with relatively shallow color–magnitude diagrams to inform on the nature of galactic populations over the full range of ages.
Le salut par la santé : ce que l’histoire du travail nous apprend sur la crise sanitaire de 2020
Authors: Gomez Pierre-Yves 
Published: October 2021

La Covid-19 révèle la religiosité spécifique de notre société occidentale qui repose sur la croyance en la toute-puissance d’une technostructure de gestion capable de contrôler les maladies qui nous menacent. Prenant l’histoire de la santé au travail et de sa pathologisation comme exemple, l’article montre comment la rationalité managériale dans les entreprises tire sa légitimité et son pouvoir de sa capacité à 1) définir ce qu’est une maladie professionnelle et 2) maîtriser les outils qui permettent aux travailleurs de s’en protéger. La confiance de la population dans les experts gestionnaires n’est acquise que dans la mesure où ils lui assurent qu’ils travaillent pour sa santé dans un environnement que ces mêmes experts décrivent comme potentiellement de plus en plus pathogène. Cette dialectique explique la soumission massive des populations aux injections des managers lors de la crise sanitaire de 2020. Mais elle contient les germes de risques quant à la pérennité de telles croyances.
Les relations professionnelles des « parties prenantes » aux nouvelles « subordinations du travail » ?
Authors: Groux Guy 
Published: October 2021

L’article expose les effets de la pandémie de la Covid 19 sur les ressources humaines dans les firmes. Les modes d’organisation du travail ont été bouleversés comme le montre notamment l’essor du télétravail et ses effets sur les relations hiérarchiques et les liens sociaux qui structurent la production. Mais en l’occurrence, les questions posées par la pandémie n’ont souvent fait que reprendre certaines des questions qui se posaient auparavant de manière cruciale. Portées par les bouleversements qui affectent l’entreprise depuis de longues années, elles sont appelées à s’accentuer plus encore dans le futur. Au-delà de la pandémie de la Covid 19, les pressions subies par l’entreprise s’amplifieront plus encore face aux transitions écologiques et numériques actuelles. Dans ce cadre, la réflexion concerne les rôles et les liens qui s’établissent entre les « multiples » acteurs ou « parties prenantes » qui agissent dans ou sur l’entreprise. Deux aspects plus particuliers retiennent l’attention : la place et l’influence de ces acteurs face au pouvoir et à la décision économique ; la place du travail dans ces nouveaux contextes de « parties prenantes ».
Covid-19 : crise ou catastrophe ? Une question d’identité
Authors: Ramanantsoa Bernard 
Published: October 2021

La Covid-19 bouleverse beaucoup de nos habitudes, de nos rituels, et surtout de nos relations. Aux yeux du collectif et de l’Histoire, est-ce grave ? Ou peut-on considérer que ce n’est qu’ennuyeux et que cela laissera peu de traces ? Pour réfléchir à cette question (avoir l’ambition d’y répondre serait à coup sûr prétentieux), nous avons mobilisé les concepts de crise et de catastrophe et nous nous interrogerons sur l’impact de la Covid-19 sur nos imaginaires et nos identités.
Unilateral Traumatic Posterior Corneal Ectasia: Clinical Manifestations, Findings of Advanced Imaging, and Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Kansal Vinay , Ambrósio Renato , Sharma Vikas 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:
To describe a case of unilateral isolated traumatic posterior corneal ectasia characterized by advanced multi-modal diagnostic tests.

METHODS:
Case report and literature review.

RESULTS:
Following blunt trauma to the left eye, a 34-year-old woman presented with persistently blurry vision. Central corneal thickness was 300 µm, compared to 519 µm in the right eye. Scheimpflug tomography revealed significant corneal thinning in a defined inferotemporal region with corresponding elevation of the posterior corneal surface. Posterior corneal ectasia was confirmed with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Wavefront aberrometry demonstrated increased higher order aberrations in the affected eye. Vision remained stable during 4.5 years of follow-up with a final visual acuity of 20/50 maintained with spectacle correction only.

CONCLUSIONS:
A unique case of unilateral post-traumatic posterior corneal ectasia was presented. The multi-modal imaging provided a detailed characterization of the structural characteristics of the cornea, guided management, and allowed for differentiation from other corneal pathologies at an early stage.

[
Journal of Refractive Surgery Case Reports
. 2021;1(2):e31–e35.]
Connecting Computational Thinking (CT) Concept with the Game-Based Learning (GBL) Elements
Authors: Yunus Emram , Zaibon Syamsul Bahrin 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to identify the game-based learning component (GBL) and the concept of computational thinking (CT) that can be integrated together in a design model. GBL and CT concept components are obtained through analysis of previous research and specialist consultancy. The method of analytical analysis is based on the Kitchenham method, (2004) which consists of 3 phases i.e. planning, implementation and documentation. This analysis started on March to May 2020 and involved 398 articles related to GBL and CT. However, there are only 15 articles on the development element of the GBL application and 8 articles related to the CT concept were used. During an expert consultancy, 15 specialists was involved in various backgrounds and experience in GBL and CT. The result shows that there are 6 main elements and 21 sub-elements of GBL. 6 main elements consist of rules, objectives, feedback, interactions, challenges and narrative. Meanwhile, the sub-element consists of the operating rules, basic rules, explicit rules and behaviours, measures, goals, gamification purposes, marks, rewards, badges/awards, player charts, characters, consequences, constraints, levels of games, fun, competition, control, space, engagement and curiosity that have been matched with their main elements. The main element and sub-element of the GBL is called GBL component. Each of these GBL components is integrated with 7 concepts of CT i.e. decomposition, algorithm, abstraction, logical reasoning, assessment, evaluation, pattern recognition and automation.
Two cases of bronchial anthracofibrosis combined with tuberculosis
Authors: Dang Yan , He Xiaopeng , Wei Jia 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:
Bronchial anthracofibrosis is a common disease that has been reported in the past. We aim to summarize the clinical characteristics of bronchial anthracofibrosis combined with tuberculosis infection to reduce missed diagnosis.

METHODS:
The clinical features of two cases of bronchial anthracofibrosis combined with tuberculosis were analyzed retrospectively, and relevant studies were reviewed.

RESULTS:
The two patients were both elderly individuals who presented with chronic cough and expectoration. Pigmentation in the bronchus mucosa and stenosis of lumen were observed during bronchoscopy. Tuberculosis infection was confirmed by biopsy. The symptoms were remarkably relieved and no recurrence was found after anti-tuberculosis treatment.

CONCLUSION:
Bronchial anthracofibrosis may be combined with tuberculosis. To avoid misdiagnosis, we should be aware of possible tuberculosis infection when patients are diagnosed with bronchial anthracofibrosis.
Efficacy of acetazolamide for the prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness
Authors: Gao Daiquan , Wang Yuan , Zhang Rujiang , Zhang Yunzhou 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a benign and self-limiting syndrome, but can progress to life-threatening conditions if leave untreated. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of acetazolamide for the prophylaxis of AMS, and disclose factors that affect the treatment effect of acetazolamide.

METHODS:
Randomized controlled trials comparing the use of acetazolamide versus placebo for the prevention of AMS were included. The incidence of AMS was our primary endpoint. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore factors that associated with acetazolamide efficacy. Trial sequential analyses were conducted to estimate the statistical power of the available data.

RESULTS:
A total of 22 trials were included. Acetazolamide at 125, 250, and 375 mg/bid significantly reduced incidence of AMS compared to placebo. TAS indicated that the current evidence was adequate confirming the efficacy of acetazolamide at 125, 250, and 375 mg/bid in lowering incidence of AMS. There was no evidence of an association between efficacy and dose of acetazolamide, timing at start of acetazolamide treatment, mode of ascent, AMS assessment score, timing of AMS assessment, baseline altitude, and endpoint altitude.

CONCLUSION:
Acetazolamide is effective prophylaxis for the prevention of AMS at 125, 250, and 375 mg/bid. Future investigation should focus on personal characteristics, disclosing the correlation between acetazolamide efficacy and body mass, height, degree of prior acclimatization, individual inborn susceptibility, and history of AMS.
Clinical and physiological characteristics of, medically treated, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Imtiaz Sadia , Saaedeldin Ahmed I. , Alqahtani Nayef H. , Idrees Majdy M. 
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND:
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is uncommon but well-known sequel of venous thromboembolism (VTE). At present, it is the only potential curable subtype of pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study is to describe the medically treated-CTEPH patients’ characteristics in a single specialized PH center in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:
This study presents demographic, clinical, physiological, and hemodynamic characteristics of medically treated-CTEPH patients in a single PH center, namely Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Both incident and prevalent cases are included.

RESULTS:
A total of 20 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CTEPH were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 43 years with a female preponderance of 75%. Most common presenting symptom was dyspnea (100%) followed by syncope (58%). At diagnosis, a mean of 15 ± 10 months had passed since symptoms onset. About 45% of patients were in WHO functional class IV. At baseline, mean 6-min walk distance was 354.3 meters. Overall, VTE was the most frequent risk factor identified (65% of all patients). Nearly 30% of patients had sickle cell disease. 13 out of 20 patients had radiographic (i.e., computed tomography [CT] pulmonary angiogram) features of chronic thromboembolism. About 75% of patients were found to have distal disease on radiographic imaging. At the time of diagnosis, 7 out of 20 (35%) patients demonstrated right ventricular failure on echocardiography. Mean tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was 17.7 ± 1.20. Median NT-proBNP levels were found to be 688 pg/ml. Mean diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was 74.8%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Diagnosis of CTEPH was established at a relatively younger age. Majority of patients had advanced but distal disease on radiographic imaging, not amenable to surgery.
Keratometry in paediatric eyes with cataract in Indian population
Authors: Vasavada Abhay R. , Sudhalkar Aditya , Praveen Mamidipudi R. , Shah Sajani K. , Vasavada Viraj A. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
To compare the keratometric data of unilateral cataractous paediatric eyes with their corresponding non-cataractous fellow eyes.

Methods:
In this clinic-based observational study eyes of 354 consecutive children who presented with unilateral or bilateral cataract were analysed. Other data collected included age at the time of surgery, gender, keratometry, axial length (AL) and laterality of cataract. Keratometric values were obtained under general anaesthesia using a handheld Nidek Auto Keratometer. AL was measured with an ultrasound A-scan using either the immersion or the contact technique (Ocuscan, Alcon).

Results:
The average K value in the cataractous eyes was 44.97 ± 2.53 D (range: 37.38–55.13 D). The K values in different age groups were significantly different (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age, there was a significant difference between the K values of unilateral (n = 34 eyes: K = 44.16 ± 2.02) and bilateral cataracts (n = 320 eyes: K = 45.07 ± 2.56) (P < 0.05). In the age groups of 6–18 and 18–60 months, there was significant difference in K values of males and females (P < 0.02, P < 0.008). There was no significant difference in K values of unilateral cataractous eyes and their fellow eyes (P = 0.096). Age and AL demonstrated a significant linear relationship with K values: K =46.29− (0.6 1 log of age in months) (R
2 = 0.09, P < 0.001) and K = 53.78− (0.451 AL) (R
2 = 0.17, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The keratometric values of young children were steeper than those of older children. There was no significant difference in K values of the unilateral cataractous eyes as compared to the fellow eyes.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among health-care workers and non-health-care workers
Authors: Bhondve Amit Sudarshan , Ingawale Sushrut Madhukar , Rajapurkar Nehar Dilip 
Published: October 2021

Background:
India has already witnessed two COVID-19 waves, and in midst of it, India was not far behind in rolling out COVID-19 vaccination. However, considering the novelty of the disease and very short duration invested in developing the vaccine, hesitancy to take the vaccine was expected.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted by using validated, multi-lingual, self-administered online questionnaires designed separately for the health-care workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs. Adult subjects willing to participate in our study by filling the online questionnaire were included. First 1000 responses were selected for the analysis.

Results:
On Likert scale, 45% HCWs and 51.2% non-HCWs were hesitant about vaccination. Binary logistic regression predicted the factors of hesitancy as follows. for HCWs (female-gender [odds ratio (OR) = 0.518, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 0.368–0.728, P < 0.001], middle-age [26–35 years (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.644–8.062), P = 0.001], 35–55 years [OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.279–4.925, P = 0.007], doubtful vaccine efficacy [OR = 2.262, 95% CI 1.283–3.989, P = 0.005]); for non-HCWs [{no past medical illness (OR = 1.672, 95% CI 1.019–2.906, P = 0.048)], doubtful vaccine efficacy [(OR = 2.442, 95% CI 1.022–5.834, P = 0.048)].

Conclusions:
Our observations suggest that the vaccine hesitancy can be a major hindrance to achieve desired vaccination coverage in India. This hesitancy is safety, quality control, novelty of the disease and vaccine, efficacy and false belief of herd immunity among the community.
Epidemiological study of cervical cancer in the coastal region of Visakhapatnam
Authors: Begam Shaik Aasma , Suvvari Sridevi , Voonna Praveena , Vasantha Rooth , Godi Sudhakar 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Cervical cancer is one of the major public health problems for women in India according to the population-based study. It can be reduced through health education, screening and thereafter treatment of pre-cancers. However, over 80% of women with cervical cancer live in developing countries. In the majority of situations, most women do not have any access to awareness, screening and treatment programmes.

Methods:
This is a study based on the knowledge of women regarding symptoms, risk factors, prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 200 women from both urban and rural areas of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

Results:
No significant differences were noted between rural and urban women in their knowledge of cervical cancer was noticed. Of the subjects studied, 41.4% were aware of cervical cancer as a type of cancer affecting women, only 10% of the population know the screening of cervical cancer.

Conclusions:
The outcome of the results suggest the need for designing a strategy involving government action, conducting awareness, and screening programmes to minimise the occurrence of cervical cancer in this region.
Desafios para a implantação do Building Information Modeling (BIM) em cursos de tecnologia em construção de edifícios
Authors: Sato Mychelle Fabiane Carvalho Bueno , Brandstetter Maria Carolina Gomes de Oliveira 
Published: October 2021

A demanda do mercado por profissionais capacitados em produzir modelos de informação da construção, extrair dados, detectar interferências entre projetos, gerenciar edifícios após uso e outras operações do Building Information Modeling tem sido um estímulo ao aprimoramento do processo ensino-aprendizado quanto a esta nova filosofia de projetar e construir. Entretanto, ainda é um desafio a inserção do BIM em cursos de tecnologia, e deve-se a isso a relevância desta pesquisa. Esse estudo apresenta a percepção dos alunos em um curso de tecnologia da construção, ofertado no Estado do MT, quanto às dificuldades no aprendizado do BIM, além de sugerir melhorias na metodologia de ensino. As análises abrangeram o BIM como auxílio da compreensão de outras disciplinas e o detalhamento dos tópicos de maior dificuldade no processo de modelagem. Os resultados apontam diretrizes de reestruturação curricular, indicando a partir da matriz do curso, disciplinas que podem utilizar o ensino de BIM e outras que podem utilizar modelagens paramétricas em BIM para apoio didático, além da integração de ações de pesquisa e extensão. Busca-se estimular o meio acadêmico de modo a ampliar as possibilidades de atuação profissional no contexto da Indústria 4.0 e como estratégia fundamental para o desenvolvimento tecnológico deste setor.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA
Authors: Perdiawan Zulkifli , Tini Kartini 
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas model pembelajaran environmental learning terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Maros. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yaitu metode pre eksperimen dengan desain One Shot Case Study dengan menggunakan satu kelas yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran environmental learning, kelas tersebut diajarkan secara daring dengan menggunakan aplikasi google classroom. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIPA 1 dari semau siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Maros yang masing-masing terdiri dari 35 siswa yang terdiri dari 19 siswa laki-laki dan 16 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan angket, tes dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa setelah diajar menggunakan model pembelajaran environmental learning dengan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 77,33 yang berada pada kategori tinggi dan nilai persentase motivasi siswa sebesar 84,73%. maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian metode pembelajaran environmental learning efektif meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa.