bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaginário x Realidade: as percepções de acadêmicos de educação física escolar acerca do estágio supervisionado obrigatório antes e depois das práticas
Authors: Juliani Moacir , Silva Martha Holanda , Dewes Nyari Nádia Ligianara 
Published: August 2021

Se a formação inicial é que insere o sujeito docente nos saberes da profissão do magistério, quais seriam as percepções dos acadêmicos do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física, acerca do Estágio Supervisionado Obrigatório e os desafios e dilemas nele encontrados? Objetivou-se neste estudo: desvelar o imaginário inicial dos acadêmicos estagiários acerca dos desafios e dilemas da educação física escolar na atualidade; conhecer as percepções dos professores de educação física escolar em relação aos contextos nos quais os acadêmicos realizaram as práticas sobre os reais desafios que enfrentam em seus cotidianos e elucidar as percepções dos acadêmicos estagiários acerca do assunto após a realização do estágio. Através de suas falas em sala de aula em momento anterior ao das práticas de estágio 2019-1 e percepções registradas nos Relatórios de Estágio nos semestres 2020-1 e 2020-2 pode-se constatar: o imaginário dos acadêmicos tem pouca relação com a realidade dos contextos das práticas de estágios; mesmo através das aulas remotas o estágio contribuiu para a construção do sentimento de pertença à docência, sentimento de identificação à realidade vivenciada pelos professores titulares de turmas durante a pandemia Covid-19 o que caracteriza a construção da identidade docente. Conclui-se que os espaços-tempos do estágio curricular supervisionado lhes proporcionou uma gama variada de vivências que através da reflexão à luz das teorias se transformam em experiências e que o estágio supervisionado cumpriu sua função na construção de saberes docentes oriundos da experiência e de aprendizagens significativas.
Empowering Rural Development in Urbanizing China: A Government Intervention Perspective
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Shuang 
Published: August 2021

Through a literature review and a case study, this research reviewed the rural development accompanying the urbanization process in China to summarize the evolution of country-level rural policies at different stages of the urbanization process. The authors state that the evolution of China’s urban-rural relationship has gone through five stages (i.e. the initial stage, the take-off stage, the accumulation stage, the urban-rural coordination stage, and the urban-rural integration stage) and has currently entered a period of slowing urbanization growth. However, there are still large differences in the level of urbanization development in various regions. Taking Shanghai, Suzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhejiang and several regions in central and western China as examples, the different responses of these cities and regions to the central government’s policies at different stages of urbanization were compared, as well as the rationality of policy intervention in rural areas. Finally, this paper re-conceptualizes the practice of rural development in the context of China’s rapid urbanization and proposes a government intervention development model adapted to the stages of urbanization.

Abstrak. Melalui tinjauan literatur dan studi kasus, artikel ini mengulas pembangunan perdesaan dalam proses urbanisasi di Cina, dan merangkum evolusi kebijakan pedesaan tingkat negara pada berbagai tahap urbanisasi. Artikel ini percaya bahwa evolusi hubungan perkotaan-perdesaan China telah melalui lima tahap ‘awal, lepas landas, akumulasi, koordinasi perkotaan-perdesaan, integrasi perkotaan-perdesaan’ dan secara umum telah memasuki periode pertumbuhan urbanisasi yang melambat. Namun, tingkat perkembangan urbanisasi di berbagai daerah masih relatif besar. Selanjutnya, dengan mengambil contoh Shanghai, Suzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhejiang dan beberapa wilayah di Cina tengah dan barat, kami membandingkan respons yang berbeda dari daerah pada tahap pembangunan yang berbeda terhadap kebijakan pemerintah pusat serta rasionalitas intervensi kebijakan di daerah perdesaan. Terakhir, penelitian ini mengkonsep ulang praktik pembangunan perdesaan dalam konteks urbanisasi China yang pesat, dan mengusulkan model pembangunan intervensi pemerintah yang menyesuaikan dengan tahapan urbanisasi.

Kata kunci. urbanisasi, pembangunan perdesaan, intervensi pemerintah, praktik lokal, China.
Referral Review of a SNCU in a District Hospital in Resource Limited Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Gupta Sonika 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Special newborn care units (SNCUs) have been established in several district and subdivisional hospitals to meet the challenges of high neonatal mortality. With single digit target of infant mortality in 2030, we need to review the functioning of these SNCUs in order to strengthen them to reach the target. So this study was undertaken with primary objective to study mortality and referral pattern.
Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in district hospital Udhampur by analysing case records from SNCU admissions over three years from 2017-2019
Results: There were total of 341, 352 and 414 admissions in 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively with a cumulative sex ratio of 702/405(male/female) over these 3 years. Referral rate was 31.31%, 31.31% and 30.19% for 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively, whereas mortality rate was 2.05%, 1.93% and 2.41% for these 3 years respectively. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis and birth asphyxia were the major causes for referrals.
Conclusion: With stagnant, non decreasing referral rates over 3 years, and ventilatory support as a major cause of referrals, a lot needs to be improved as far as respiratory support at SNCU level is concerned.
Resource Control and Secessionist Movements in Nigeria: Implications for National Unity and Development
Authors: Adeosun Ahmed Babatunde 
Published: August 2021

The geographical entity called Nigeria came into existence on January 1, 1914, when the then Northern and Southern protectorates were merged. Since then, successive governments in the country have been trying to unite the diverse elements that make up the country, all to no avail. From the North and South, there have been called for the dismemberment of the country due to the failure of successive administrations to address the national questions. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the issues confronting Nigeria’s unity and suggests a way forward. The paper is anchored on elite and frustration-aggression theories and relies on secondary sources of data. The paper contended that injustice, high-handedness, and marginalization of certain sections or regions of the country in the governance of the country accounted for resource control and secessionist movements in the country. The paper suggests justice and inclusiveness of all sections of the country in the affairs of the state, among others.
Differential Pressure, P_D, Capital Parameter in the Determination of Cardiac Health and Prominent Kinetic Indicator of Drugs in the Blood
Authors: Kunyima A. B. , Kunyima P. L. 
Published: August 2021

Background: this work is a suite of previous articles where it has been demonstrated that if the differential pressure remains constant, it allows when it is multiplied by cardiac frequency to determine the volumic cardiac power (KUNYIMA equation). Also it has afforded to calculate differential enthalpy ( that is exothermic energy in ejection fraction. In KUNYIMA Formula the differential pressure has allowed to assess in satisfactory way one part of total energy from cellular metabolism (Keith-Flack node) which enable the heart blood to circulate in the organism. In KUNYIMA relations, made possible the calculation of cardiac exergetic yield nowadays unrecognized by researchers, different from volumic yield defined by ejection fraction. This cardiac exergetic yield has been assimilated to the heart longevity.
Aim and objective: this work gives in detail mathematical useful expressions, rational approaches to be followed when differential pressure substantially changes, for example when the blood contains an injected drug at initial concentration and when the kinetic of this drug should be followed.
Methodology: Calculations have been our methodology using compartmental analysis.
Results: It is shown hereby the use of differential equations in the determination of kinetic parameters
Conclusion: Physical Cardiochemistry is improved with new theory.
Recurrent Bacteria Involvement in Urinary Tract Infection among Diabetic Female Patients of Sukkur, Sindh
Authors: Tarique Samina , Shar Abdul Hussain , Hussain Syed Fiaz , Ali Akhtar 
Published: August 2021

Background: Diabetics are four times more prone to develop Urinary tract infection when compared to healthy individuals, the proposed risk factors behind this increase in susceptibility in diabetics are autonomic neuropathy resulting in incomplete emptying of bladder and glucose in urine which serves as a medium for bacterial growth. The aims of our study are to identify the frequency of recurrent UTI and to document most common prevalent organisms involved in UTI in diabetic females in tertiary care hospital of Sukkur.
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Microbiology Department of Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur from January to December 2020. The sample size n=54 was calculated by open epi software. Participants who contented inclusion criteria i.e., female patients of age >18 years with diabetes mellitus for more than 5 years who were presented in OPD with UTI along with history of three positive urine cultures in the previous 12 months or two episodes in the last six months were recruited by simple random sampling technique. The urine samples were collected in sterile containers and the growth of organisms was observed on nutrient agar and MacConkey agar plates.
Results: There was no any significant difference among occurrence of bacteria between both the groups i.e . However, the most associated microbes with uncontrolled HbA1c profile were E. coli (p-value = 0.004) followed by Micrococcus lutes (p-value = 0.021) and Shigella (p-value = 0.001). Table 1. Shows the frequency and percentages of bacteria associated with controlled and uncontrolled HbA1c levels.
Conclusion: Most of the participants had uncontrolled diabetic profile i.e. HbA1c > 7, the prominent pathogen at our setting were E. Coli, Enterococcus species, Shigella species and Micrococcus lutes.
Pharmacognostical Study, Phytochemical and Physicochemical Evaluation and Establishment of Quality Standards for Certain Traditional Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants
Authors: Shinde Sushilkumar , Chavhan Sarin , Jain Saurabh , Shukla Karunakar 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The present work was aimed at evolving pharmacognostical and phytochemical quality standards for certain traditional herbs like Phyllanthus amarus, Glycerrhiza glabra and Piper nigrum. These three plants are reported to possess antidiabetic activity.
Study Design: The plants were collected, authenticated and Macro-morphological, qualitative and quantitative microscopic features as well as physicochemical, fluorescence analysis, phytochemical properties, and thin layer chromatography (TLC)
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at College of Pharmacy, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam University, Indore, during 2019-20
Methodology: The material were collected, authenticated and Macro-morphological, qualitative and quantitative microscopic features as well as physicochemical, fluorescence analysis, phytochemical properties, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of Phyllanthus amarus, Glycerrhiza glabra and Piper nigrum were determined using standard methods.
Results: The macroscopical and microscopical studies revealed useful diagnostic features. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of secondary metabolites, physicochemical including fluorescence analysis of powdered drug proved useful to differentiate the powdered drug material. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents such Phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, glycerrizin and piperine
Conclusion: The data generated from this study would serve as useful gauge for determining the quality of Phyllanthus amarus, Glycerrhiza glabra and Piper nigrum thereby correct identification and authentification of these plants.
It would also help scientists to utilize such needful information regarding the plants identity and characteristics in building new polyherbal formulations.
Radiation dose for 320‐row dose‐modulated dynamic coronary CT angiography
Authors: Izoe Yukako , Nagao Michinobu , Tokai Mei , Hashimoto Hiroyuki , Tanaka Isao , Chida Koichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe area detector 320‐row CT scanner, which can cover the whole heart in one rotation, can aid in reducing radiation exposure during electrocardiography (ECG)‐gated coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Recently, researchers have proposed dose‐modulated dynamic CCTA with a 320‐row scanner for the detection of functional myocardial ischemia. In the present study, we compared and validated the radiation dose of this method with that of the standard CCTA method and the latest diagnostic reference levels (DRLs).Materials and MethodsThe study included a total of 164 consecutive patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent CCTA with a 320‐row scanner. The patients were randomly divided into dynamic and standard CCTA groups, and the CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) calculated by the CT system were compared between the two protocols and with the latest DRL.ResultsStandard and dynamic CCTA scans were performed in 77 and 87 patients, respectively. CTDIvol was significantly higher for standard CCTA than for dynamic CCTA (41 ± 35 mGy vs. 22 ± 7 mGy, p = 0.0014). DLP was also significantly higher for standard CCTA than for dynamic CCTA (864 ± 702 mGy × cm vs. 434 ± 106 mGy × cm, p < .0001). For standard scans, CTDIvol and DLP exceeded the 2020 DRL in Japan in 16% (12/77) and 17% (13/77) of cases, respectively. In contrast, rates for the dynamic scan were only 1% (1/87) for CTDIvol and 0% (0/87) for DLP.ConclusionThe dose of radiation exposure during dynamic CCTA with a 320‐row scanner does not exceed that of standard CCTA and is sufficient to meet the latest DRL. Thus, our results suggest that the method is safe from the perspective of radiation exposure.
Recognizing normal reproductive biology: A comparative analysis of variability in menstrual cycle biomarkers in German and Bolivian women
Authors: Vitzthum Virginia J. , Thornburg Jonathan , Spielvogel Hilde , Deschner Tobias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe idealized “normal” menstrual cycle typically comprises a coordinated ebb and flow of hormones over a 28‐day span with ovulation invariably shown at the midpoint. It's a pretty picture—but rare. Systematic studies have debunked the myth that cycles occur regularly about every 28 days. However, assumptions persist regarding the extent and normalcy of variation in other cycle biomarkers. The processes of judging which phenotypic variants are “normal” is context dependent. In everyday life, normal is that which is most commonly seen. In biomedicine normal is often defined as an arbitrarily bounded portion of the phenotype's distribution about its statistical mean. Standards thus defined in one population are problematic when applied to other populations; population specific standards may also be suspect. Rather, recognizing normal female reproductive biology in diverse human populations requires specific knowledge of proximate mechanisms and functional context. Such efforts should be grounded in an empirical assessment of phenotypic variability. We tested hypotheses regarding cycle biomarker variability in women from a wealthy industrialized population (Germany) and a resource‐limited rural agropastoral population (Bolivia). Ovulatory cycles in both samples displayed marked but nonetheless comparable variability in all cycle biomarkers and similar means/medians for cycle and phase lengths. Notably, cycle and phase lengths are poor predictors of mid‐luteal progesterone concentrations. These patterns suggest that global and local statistical criteria for “normal” cycles would be difficult to define. A more productive approach involves elucidating the causes of natural variation in ovarian cycling and its consequences for reproductive success and women's health.
Formal [4+1] Cyclization of ortho‐ or para‐Quinone Methides with 3‐Chlorooxindoles: Synthesis of 3,2′‐Tetrahydrofuryl Spirooxindoles
Authors: Tian Xiaochen , Zhang Xiaoli , Hou Xiaohan , Ren Weiwu , Li Xiaoyang , Zhao Fei , Tao Houchao , Wang Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA base promoted formal [4+1] cycloaddition of ortho‐ and para‐quinone methides with 3‐chlorooxindoles is reported to afford various functionalized 3,2′‐tetrahydrofuryl spirooxindoles in high yields under mild conditions. An unexpected reversal in diastereoselectivity was observed from these two types of reactions. Computational studies have provided insight into the origin of diastereoselection, and different configurations of 1,4‐addition and 1,6‐addition at the oxindole carbanionic center are found to give rise to different diastereomers. The anti‐tumor activity of these structurally unique spirooxindole derivatives is reported.
Chemical Genetics Reveals a Role of Squalene Synthase in TGFβ Signaling and Cardiomyogenesis
Authors: Takemoto Yasushi , Kadota Shin , Minami Itsunari , Otsuka Shinya , Okuda Satoshi , Abo Masahiro , Punzalan Louvy Lynn , Shen Yan , Shiba Yuji , Uesugi Motonari 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKY02111 is a widely used small molecule that boosts cardiomyogenesis of the mesoderm cells derived from pluripotent stem cells, yet its molecular mechanism of action remains elusive. The present study resolves the initially perplexing effects of KY02111 on Wnt signaling and subsequently identifies squalene synthase (SQS) as a molecular target of KY02111 and its optimized version, KY‐I. By disrupting the interaction of SQS with cardiac ER‐membrane protein TMEM43, KY02111 impairs TGFβ signaling, but not Wnt signaling, and thereby recapitulates the clinical mutation of TMEM43 that causes arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), an inherited heart disease that involves a substitution of myocardium with fatty tissue. These findings reveal a heretofore undescribed role of SQS in TGFβ signaling and cardiomyogenesis. KY02111 may find its use in ARVC modeling as well as serve as a chemical tool for studying TGFβ/SMAD signaling.
Chalkogenide durch Reduktion ihrer Dioxide in ultra‐alkalischen Medien
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Ruck Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAus der Reaktion von Chalkogendioxiden ChO2 (Ch=Se, Te) mit As2O3 in einem 30‐molaren KOH‐Hydroflux bei etwa 200 °C wurden Kristalle von Kaliumtrichalkogeniden K2Ch3 mit Abmessungen bis zu 2 cm erhalten. Arsentrioxid wirkt hierbei als Elektronendonor und wird zu Arsenat(V) oxidiert. Setzt man SeO2 und TeO2 zusammen ein, so bildet sich das neue Heterochalkogenid‐Anion (TeSe2)2−. Die Verbindung K2TeSe2 kristallisiert isotyp zu K2S3 und K2Se3. Sowohl die unerwartete Redoxreaktion als auch die Fällung hygroskopischer Verbindungen aus einer wässrigen Lösung werden auf eine stark reduzierte Aktivität des Wassers zurückgeführt. Die Reaktionen wurden mit Raman‐ und UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie untersucht. Je nach As2O3‐Konzentration dominieren in den Lösungen farblose Monochalkogenide Ch2− oder orangefarbene Se22− und violette Te22− Anionen.
Polymer Topology Reinforced Synergistic Interactions among Nanoscale Molecular Clusters for Impact Resistance with Facile Processability and Recoverability
Authors: Yin Jia‐Fu , Xiao Haiyan , Xu Peidong , Yang Junsheng , Fan Zhiwei , Ke Yubin , Ouyang Xikai , Liu Geng Xin , Sun Tao Lin , Tang Liqun , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Yin Panchao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe intrinsic conflicts between mechanical performances and processability are main challenges to develop cost‐effective impact‐resistant materials from polymers and their composites. Herein, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) are integrated as side chains to the polymer backbones. The one‐dimension (1D) rigid topology imposes strong space confinements to realize synergistic interactions among POSS units, reinforcing the correlations among polymer chains. The afforded composites demonstrate unprecedented mechanical properties with ultra‐stretchability, high rate‐dependent strength, superior impact‐resistant capacity as well as feasible processability/recoverability. The hierarchical structures of the hybrid polymers enable the co‐existence of multiple dynamic relaxations that are responsible for fast energy dissipation and high mechanical strengths. The effective synergistic correlation strategy paves a new pathway for the design of advanced cluster‐based materials.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryls by Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Buchwald–Hartwig Amination
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Xiao‐Mei , Xu Qi , Guo Chang‐Qiu , Wang Peng , Lu Chuan‐Jun , Liu Ren‐Rong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractN−C Biaryl atropisomers are prevalent in natural products and bioactive drug molecules. However, the enantioselective synthesis of such molecules has not developed significantly. Particularly, the enantioselective synthesis of N−C biaryl atropisomers by stereoselective metal‐catalyzed aryl amination remains unprecedented. Herein, a Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling strategy is presented for the synthesis of N−C axially chiral biaryl molecules. A broad spectrum of N−C axially chiral compounds was obtained with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) and good yields (up to 98 %). The practicality of this reaction was validated in the synthesis of useful biological molecules.
Forrestiacids A and B, Pentaterpene Inhibitors of ACL and Lipogenesis: Extending the Limits of Computational NMR Methods in the Structure Assignment of Complex Natural Products
Authors: Xiong Juan , Zhou Peng‐Jun , Jiang Hao‐Wen , Huang Ting , He Yu‐Hang , Zhao Ze‐Yu , Zang Yi , Choo Yeun‐Mun , Wang Xiaojuan , Chittiboyina Amar G. , Pandey Pankaj , Hamann Mark T. , Li Jia , Hu Jin‐Feng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForrestiacids A (1) and B (2) are a novel class of [4+2] type pentaterpenoids derived from a rearranged lanostane moiety (dienophile) and an abietane unit (diene). These unprecedented molecules were isolated using guidance by molecular ion networking (MoIN) from Pseudotsuga forrestii, an endangered member of the Asian Douglas Fir Family. The intermolecular hetero‐Diels–Alder adducts feature an unusual bicyclo[2.2.2]octene ring system. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, GIAO NMR calculations and DP4+ probability analyses, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. This unique addition to the pentaterpene family represents the largest and the most complex molecule successfully assigned using computational approaches to predict accurately chemical shift values. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent inhibitory activities (IC50s <5 μM) of ATP‐citrate lyase (ACL), a new drug target for the treatment of glycolipid metabolic disorders including hyperlipidemia. Validating this activity 1 effectively attenuated the de novo lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. These findings provide a new chemical class for developing potential therapeutic agents for ACL‐related diseases with strong links to traditional medicines.