bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indocyanine Green Angiography Patterns of Zones of Relative Decreased Choroidal Blood Flow in Patients With Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Goldberg Marlyn F , Dhaliwal Ranjit S , Olk R Joseph 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and patterns of posterior zones of relative decreased choroidal blood flow in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Digital indocyanine green (ICG) angiograms from 100 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration were reviewed for the presence of posterior zones of relative decreased choroidal blood flow. The patterns of these zones and their location relative to the choroidal neovascular process were noted.
* RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of the angiograms displayed the presence of either a complete or an incomplete zone of relative choroidal hypoperfusion. The zone was most apparent in the early frames of the angiogram. Five different patterns of relative decreased choroidal blood flow were identified: horizontal (32%), vertical (14%), bipartite (9%), tripartite (31%), and quadripartite (9%). The choroidal neovascular process was located within or at the edge of the zone of relative choroidal hypoperfusion in all cases.
* CONCLUSION: Most cases of choroidal neovascularization localize to areas of relative choroidal dye nonfilling on ICG angiography. These patterns of choroidal nonfilling may have implications in the pathogenesis and management of choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:385-390.]
Combined Intraocular and Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Zwaan Johan , Al-Sadhan Yasir 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the results of combined intraocular and strabismus surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Combined surgery was done in 14 patients. In 10 of these patients, cataract and strabismus surgery were combined. One had a penetrating keratoplasty, and another required placement of a glaucoma valve implant. In one patient trabeculectomy, pupilloplasty, and lensectomy were done, and one patient needed repair of a leaking bleb.
* RESULTS: The strabismus of most patients was significantly improved. Eleven patients (79%) were orthophoric ±10 prism diopters (PD). Visual outcome was good in patients with no structural abnormalities who were compliant with occlusion therapy, if applicable.
* CONCLUSIONS: Combined intraocular and strabismus surgery has a success rate comparable with that of standard strabismus surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:456-461.]
The Effect of Mitomycin-C on Postoperative Corneal Astigmatism in Trabeculectomy and a Triple Procedure
Authors: Hong Young J , Choe Chul M , Lee Young G , Chung Hak S , Kim Ho K 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors attempted to determine the effect of mitomycin-C (MMC) on postoperative corneal astigmatism in patients who underwent trabeculectomy or a triple procedure (trabeculectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the vector analysis method, the authors measured the postoperative induced astigmatism of 76 eyes in 59 patients who underwent trabeculectomy or a triple procedure with or without the application of MMC. Postoperative induced astigmatism corresponding to the 180° axis was compared between the two groups.
* RESULTS: The patients who underwent trabeculectomy with or without MMC showed a mean induced astigmatism of -1.01 D and -2.63 D, respectively, after 1 month (P < .05), and 0.34 D and -1.42 D after 12 months (P < .05). Those who underwent a triple procedure with or without MMC showed a mean induced astigmatism of -1.81 D and -4.50 D, respectively, after 7 days (P < .05), and 1.73 D and -0.13 D, respectively, after 12 months (P < .05). The entire amount of postoperative against-the-rule astigmatic shift was similar between the with-MMC group and the without-MMC group. The against-the-rule astigmatic shift of the group without MMC reached a plateau after 3 months. However, the group with MMC showed continuous against-the-rule astigmatic shift until 12 months.
* CONCLUSION: This study suggests that MMC induces less with-the-rule astigmatism in early postoperative periods and continuous against-the-rule shift after 3 months following a trabeculectomy or a triple procedure.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:484-489.]
Blood Velocity in an Experimental Iris Tumor
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Khoobehi Bahram , Moshfeghi Andrew , Sonmez Murat , Moshfeghi Darius , Shaibani Sanan , Alghadyan A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Greene strain melanoma was implanted into the irides of eight nonpigmented rabbits to evaluate the blood flow in tumor vasculature.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was used in conjunction with fluorescent microsphere angiography (FMA). Changes were documented on SVHS videotape for later analysis. Individual microsphere movement was tracked through the tumor vessels. Subsequently, blood velocity measurements were taken.
* RESULTS: The tumor vessels were poorly organized and inefficient. Tumor blood velocity was up to 2.5 times slower compared with normal blood velocity in the unaffected iris of the same eye of the same rabbit (P = .05). Tumor blood flow could be qualitatively visualized in real time in the live rabbit model.
* CONCLUSION: The ability to visualize fluorescent microspheres within the poorly organized tumor vasculature coupled with the reduced blood velocity in the tumor helps to explain the success of hyperthermic tumoricidal therapy, and may allow for development of more efficient and selective drug delivery systems and tumoricidal agents.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:506-509.]
The Efficacy and Safety of Diclofenac 0.1% Versus Prednisolone Acetate 1% Following Trabeculectomy With Adjunctive Mitomycin-C
Authors: Kent Alexander R , Dubiner Harvey B , Whitaker Roy , Mundorf Thomas K , Stewart Jeanette A , Cate Elin A , Stewart William C 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diclofenac 0.1% versus prednisolone acetate 1% following trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin-C.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors prospectively randomized chronic open-angle glaucoma patients who underwent trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin-C to receive postoperatively either diclofenac 0.1% or prednisolone acetate 1% 4 times daily, to be tapered as inflammation resolved.
* RESULTS: In the diclofenac group (n = 14), the preoperative intraocular pressure of 30.4 ± 13.1 decreased to 12.4 ± 6.5 mm Hg at 6 months postoperatively. In the prednisolone acetate group (n = 12), the preoperative intraocular pressure decreased from 29.1 ± 10.4 to 12.8 ± 4.2 mm Hg at 6 months postoperatively (P = .85). The average number of medicines used 6 months postoperatively was 0.50 ± 0.8 in the diclofenac group and 0.24 ± 0.6 in the prednisolone acetate group (P = .36). Adverse events were similar between groups (P = .51). One patient in the diclofenac group underwent reoperation at 1 month due to uncontrolled intraocular pressure.
* CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that following trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin-C, a similar intraocular pressure result may be expected when either diclofenac or prednisolone acetate is prescribed postoperatively for intraocular inflammation.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:562-569.]
Reversal of Blood Flow in Experimental Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Khoobehi Bahram , Moshfeghi Andrew , Moshfeghi Darius 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the obstructed vascular lumen of the experimentally induced branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) induces retrograde blood flow, resulting in flow from the occluded vein to the feeder arterioles.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Photocoagulation was used to create occlusion of the branch retinal vein in a monkey model (n = 2; 1 cynomolgus, 1 rhesus). Twenty-four hours following photocoagulation, the eyes were examined for evidence of vascular occlusive disease. Vascular occlusion was proven by fluorescent vesicle angiography with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; these results were recorded to SVHS videotape. The images were then serially analyzed frame by frame to track individual microsphere movement.
* RESULTS: The authors observed retrograde flow proximal to the point of vessel obstruction and extending backward into the arterial system.
* CONCLUSIONS: This demonstrates the existence of retrograde flow in an experimental model of BRVO and might explain vascular complications seen in this disease process.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:595-597.]
The Baylor Survey of Ophthalmology Residency Graduates: Rationale for Reform in Residency Training
Authors: Lee Andrew G , Koch Douglas D 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To survey graduates of an ophthalmology residency training program regarding skills necessary for a well-trained ophthalmologist.
* METHODS: Two survey instruments were mailed to the graduates of the Baylor College of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Residency Training Program.
* RESULTS: Specific skills were identified that were rated as clincally important and for which training was considered adequate, and, conversely, skills that were rated as less important but for which training was adequate.
* CONCLUSION: This survey instrument may allow ophthalmology residency training programs to identify perceived and real deficiencies in the resident education process, thereby assisting in the prioritization of changes in curriculum or the skills transfer process.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:649-657.]
Histologic Effect of Diode Laser Sclerostomy in Human Cadaver Eyes
Authors: Rodrigues Merlyn , Shelton Karen , Glaser Edmund , Higginbotham Eve 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study tissue effects and thresholds of efficacy in producing a full-thickness scierai fistula in human eyes obtained from cadavers. The effect of laser sclerostomies created with indocyanine green (ICG) was also evaluated.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ab externo laser sclerostomies were produced in 12 fresh human eyes obtained from cadavers using a 200-µm diameter fiber optic connected to a diode laser system. Power settings were 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, and 2000 mW with a constant duration of 100 and 200 ms. The same diode laser settings were repeated in the tissues injected with ICG.
* RESULTS: The laser sclerostomies were associated with heat coagulation damage adjacent to the burn margins, with disruption of stromal collagen. Tissue damage was greater at higher power and longer duration. Scleral injection of ICG prior to laser sclerostomy did not enhance laser penetration.
* CONCLUSION: The diode laser can create a sclerostomy in human sclera with an optimum level of 1500 mW and 100 ms. ICG did not significantly enhance the ease of penetration or reduce the associated thermal damage to the sclera.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:758-761.]
The Effect of Tissue Plasminogen Activator on Premacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Chung Jin , Kim Min-Ho , Chung Sang-Moon , Chang Kwang-Yul 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early vitrectomy is recommended for eyes with premacular hemorrhage, which causes fibrovascular proliferation and macular traction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on premacular hemorrhage, and the clearing of hemorrhage from the macula.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors injected tPA (25-37.5 µg) into the vitreous cavity of 13 eyes with premacular hemorrhage. The causes of premacular hemorrhage were diabetic retinopathy in 11 eyes and traumatic injuries in 2 eyes. Prior to tPA injection, 4 eyes had complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and 9 eyes had no PVD.
* RESULTS: After tPA injection, the hemorrhages in 10 eyes were completely absorbed. They were absorbed partially in 2 eyes and were not absorbed at all in 1 eye. Absorption of hemorrhage in the 4 eyes with complete PVD took an average of 5.5 days, and in the 6 eyes with no PVD, it took an average of 12.7 days (P=0.002). After tPA injection, visual acuity improved in 9 eyes, remained stable in 3 eyes, and worsened in 1 eye. In 5 eyes, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was required after tPA injection because of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, macular traction or nonabsorbed premacular hemorrhage.
* CONCLUSION: TPA seems to be a good alternative method of treatment for premacular hemorrhage, especially in eyes with complete PVD. It appears to improve vision and defer the need for PPV. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001:32:7-12]
Laser Pneumatic Retinopexy for Repair of Recurrent Retinal Detachment After Failed Scleral Buckle-Ten Years Experience
Authors: Friberg Thomas R , Eller Andrew W 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND: Although pneumatic retinopexy was introduced for the repair of primary retinal detachments, we have had excellent long-term success in employing this technique along with laser photocoagulation following failure of routine scleral buckle surgery in nonvitrectomized eyes over the last 10 years.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We categorized a consecutive series of 40 eyes that failed primary scleral buckling surgery and had at least six months followup. Eyes were separated into two groups: those with 1) subretinal fluid persisting or developing during the first 14 days after surgery or 2) those accumulating subretinal fluid at least 14 days after initially successful anatomic reattachment of the retina.
* RESULTS: In these groups, 36 of the 40 eyes (90%) were successfully reattached using outpatient pneumatic retinopexy alone. Complications were limited to the production of new retinal breaks in 5 patients. The 4 pneumatic retinopexy failures were all subsequently treated successfully with either scleral buckle revision or vitrectomy.
* CONCLUSION: We believe that laser pneumatic retinopexy repair of recurrent retinal detachments following scleral buckle and without significant proliferation vitreoretinopathy (PVR) should be considered ahead of conventional surgical intraoperative techniques. Laser pneumatic retinopexy may be a very successful procedure for the treatment of recurrent retinal detachments after failed scleral buckle surgery. In a consecutive series of 40 eyes with recurrent retinal detachment, we were able to repair 36 with pneumatic retinopexy alone.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:13-18]
Iris Neovascularization After Vitrectomy Combined With Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Kadonosono Kazuaki , Matsumoto Satoru , Uchio Eiichi , Sugita Miyuki , Akura Junsuke , Ohno Shigeaki 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To analyze the incidence of iris neovascularization after vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using a small incision in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied a consecutive series of 46 eyes in which vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation had been performed, and compared the surgical results with a prior series of 40 eyes in which vitrectomy alone had been performed.
* RESULTS: Postoperative iris and angle neovascularization was found in 6 eyes (15%) treated by vitrectomy alone, but in only 1 eye (2%) treated by combined vitrectomy (P<0.05). Final visual acuity improved by two or more lines in 23 eyes (57%) in the vitrectomy alone group, and in 35 eyes (76%) in the combined vitrectomy group.
* CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative rubeosis iridis was significantly lower, and the visual results were satisfactory with vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation for PDR. These findings suggest that combined vitrectomy for PDR is a useful surgical procedure.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:19-24]
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for Hyperopia
Authors: Pacella Elena , Abdolrahimzadeh S , Gabrieli C Balacco 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) has been extensively evaluated for the correction of myopia. This study was undertaken to assess the safety, efficacy, and reliability of PRK in the correction of hyperopia.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 28 eyes with refractions of +1 to +7.75 D treated for hyperopia with the Chiron Technolas 217-C excimer laser. Thorough visual assessments were made before treatment and at regular follow-up to 18 months. Complications and patient satisfaction were noted.
* RESULTS: At 18 months the mean subjective refraction was +0.46 ±1.00 D with 26 eyes (92.8%) within 1 D of emmetropia. Thirteen eyes (46.4%) achieved uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better and all patients had an UCVA of ≥ 20/32 or better. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) remained unchanged in 26 eyes (92.8%) and improved in 2 eyes (7.2%). On the seventh day from treatment, 17 eyes (25%) had a loss of 2 or more lines of BCVA At 15 days this was reduced to 8 eyes (14.3%) and at one month to 3 eyes (3.6%). There were no cases of loss of 2 or more lines of BCVA at 18 months of follow-up. All patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction.
* CONCLUSIONS: Photorefractive keratectomy safely and effectively reduced hyperopia in the patients studied. The technique was reliable and still offered good results at 18 months of follow-up.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:30-34]
Quantitative Analysis of Hydroxyl Radicals in the Anterior Optic Nerve of the Cat Following Transient Ischemia
Authors: Ophir Avinoam , Porges Yair 
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: Ischemic insults in the optic nerve are relatively common ocular disorders. This study provides quantitative data on the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the anterior optic nerve of the cat during the early reperfusion phase following 90 minutes of ischemia.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cats were injected intravenously with sodium salicylate that by acting as an hydroxyl radical trap, forms 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA). Ischemia was achieved by intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation via cannulation of the anterior chamber. Ischemia was maintained for 60 minutes in 6 eyes and 90 minutes in 12 eyes, followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion. In an additional 6 eyes, ischemia was maintained for 90 minutes without reperfusion.
* RESULTS: After 90 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion, mean normalized levels of 2,3-DHBA (ie, ng 2,3-DHBA/µg salicylate/mg protein) that represent the levels of hydroxyl radicals were 2.47 times (at least) higher in the anterior optic nerves than in the fellow sham-operated controls (P = 0.03). These levels were 3.9 times (at least) greater than in the corresponding levels after 90 minutes of ischemia without reperfusion (P = 0.005).
* CONCLUSION: This study provides a quantitative analysis and evidence for the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the optic nerve of the cat following transient ischemia. A quantitative analysis may provide an important tool to detect even relatively small levels of free radicals in the tissues, and to evaluate the relative efficacy of various therapeutic agents in the inhibition of free radical generation following ischemia and reperfusion.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:55-62]
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Macular Diseases With a Scanning Retinal Thickness Analyzer and a Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope
Authors: Konno Suguru , Takeda Masumi , Yanagiya Norihiko , Akiba Jun , Yoshida Akitoshi 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To compare three-dimensional analysis of macular diseases obtained using the scanning retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) with that obtained using the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Both the RTA and the HRT were used to examine 50 eyes of 36 patients with diabetic macular edema, macular edema following branch retinal vein occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, and idiopathic macular holes.
* RESULTS: In most macular diseases, the retinal thickness map constructed using the RTA agreed with the image obtained with the HRT. The two maps were not consistent with each other, however, in patients with dense retinal hemorrhages and with extrafoveal fixation.
* CONCLUSIONS: Although both the RTA and the HRT give additional information to clinically evaluate macular diseases, they do have limitations. The discrepancy between these two analyses in some specific macular pathologies might be caused by the different wavelengths of the laser beam and the different methodologies used to scan the retina.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:95-99]
Diode Laser Cyclophotocoagulation in Refractory Glaucoma: Comparison Between Pediatric and Adult Glaucomas
Authors: Izgi Belgin , Demirci Hakan , Demirci F Yesim K , Turker Gulcin 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of contact transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (CTDC) in eyes with advanced glaucoma and to compare the efficacy in pediatric and adult patients.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Included in the study were 4 1 eyes (39 patients) with advanced glaucoma ( 1 5 eyes of 1 3 pediatric patients and 26 eyes of 26 adult patients). The patients were followed at least for six months or until failure of the procedure, if shorter than 6 months. The mean follow-up of all patients was 10 months (median 8 months, range 324 months); the mean pretreatment intraocular pressure (IOP) was 34.5 ±10.9 mm Hg for all cases, 36.2±12.6 mm Hg in adult cases and 31.6±6.5 mm Hg in pediatric cases
* RESULTS: At last follow-up after first treatment, there was significant decrease in IOP and the mean reduction in IOP was 12.11 ±10.5 mm Hg for all eyes. The mean reduction in IOP adult (13.6±11.8 mm Hg) and (9.9±6.8 mm Hg) patients. While the success rate after the first diode laser therapy was 59%, it increased to 75% after retreatments. The most common complications were conjunctival hyperemia and anterior chamber reaction. There was no difference in the complication rate between the pediatric and adult cases.
* CONCLUSION: CTDC is a safe and effective therapy in eyes with advanced refractory glaucoma in the short term. But multiple applications may be needed in the long term. The results in adult and pediatric patients were found to be similar in efficacy and safety.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:100-107]
Outcomes of Temporal Clear Cornea Versus Superior Scleral Tunnel Phacoemulsification Incisions in a University Training Program
Authors: Karp Kenneth O , Albanis Chris V , Pearlman Julie B , Goins Kenneth M 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To eval uate the complication and visual outcomes of residents performing temporal clear cornea (TCC) compared to superior scleral tunnel (SST) phacoemulsification.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of complications and visual outcomes for 534 phacoemulsification procedures done by third-year residents over a five-year period (June 1992-July 1 997) at the department of ophthalmology, University of Chicago. All cases were completed using a TCC or SST incision.
* RESULTS: There was vitreous loss in 6.0% of 348 eyes with TCC incisions and in 11.8% of 186 eyes with SST incisions (P < 0.02). Posterior capsule breaks occurred in 11.5% of the TCC group versus 17.7% in the SST group (P < 0.0453). Best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 82.5% of all eyes with TCC incisions and in 75.3% of all eyes with SST incisions (P < 0.05). When 151 patients with previous ophthalmic conditions were excluded, the difference in BCVA between the two groups was not statistically significant.
* CONCLUSIONS: Most institutions train residents with the SST technique prior to advancing to TCC. This study demonstrates that with proper teaching, residents can achieve excellent outcomes using TCC incisions, and can therefore be trained in this technique concurrently with SST incisions.
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:228-232]