bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniform supersonic flow sampling for detection by chirped-pulse rotational spectroscopy
Authors: Gurusinghe Ranil M. , Dias Nureshan , Krueger Ritter , Suits Arthur G. 
Published: December 2021

Chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectroscopy is a powerful near-universal detection method finding application in many areas. We have previously coupled it with supersonic flows (CPUF) to obtain product branching in reaction and photodissociation. Because chirped-pulse microwave detection requires monitoring the free induction decay on the timescale of microseconds, it cannot be employed with good sensitivity at the high densities achieved in some uniform supersonic flows. For application to low-temperature kinetics studies, a truly uniform flow is required to obtain reliable rate measurements and enjoy all the advantages that CP-FTMW has to offer. To this end, we present a new setup that combines sampling of uniform supersonic flows using an airfoil-shaped sampling device with chirped-pulse mmW detection. Density and temperature variations in the airfoil-sampled uniform flow were revealed using time-dependent rotational spectroscopy of pyridine and vinyl cyanide photoproducts, highlighting the use of UV photodissociation as a sensitive diagnostic tool for uniform flows. The performance of the new airfoil-equipped CPUF rotational spectrometer was validated using kinetics measurements of the CN + C2H6 reaction at 50 K with detection of the HCN product. Issues relating to product detection by rotational spectroscopy and airfoil sampling are discussed. We show that airfoil sampling enables direct measurements of low temperature reaction kinetics on a microsecond timescale, while rotational spectroscopic detection enables highly specific simultaneous detection of reactants and products.
Immune dysregulation in SHARPIN-deficient mice is dependent on CYLD-mediated cell death
Authors: Ang Rosalind L. , Chan Mark , Legarda Diana , Sundberg John P. , Sun Shao-Cong , Gillespie Virginia L. , Chun Nicholas , Heeger Peter S. , Xiong Huabao , Lira Sergio A. , Ting Adrian T. 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceThe mechanisms underlying inflammatory disorders are poorly understood. In this study, we show that inappropriate cell death may cause uncontrolled inflammation. We found that CYLD, an enzyme that removes K63-linked polyubiquitination, is normally inhibited. But in thecpdmmouse strain that has a loss-of-function in theSharpingene, the brake on CYLD is no longer present. When CYLD is no longer inhibited, it turns on death signaling in cells exposed to the cytokine TNF, and the ensuing inappropriate cell death causes skin inflammation and other immune disorders in thecpdmmouse. Removing CYLD from thecpdmmouse prevents cell death and reverses the inflammation. We conclude that excessive CYLD activity leads to inappropriate cell death and inflammation.
Controlling valley-polarisation in graphene via tailored light pulses
Authors: Mrudul M S , Dixit Gopal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Analogous to charge and spin, electrons in solids endows an additional degree of freedom: the valley pseudospin. Two-dimensional hexagonal materials such as graphene exhibit two valleys, labelled as K and K′. These two valleys have the potential to realise logical operations in two-dimensional materials. Obtaining the desired control over valley polarisation between the two valleys is a prerequisite for the logical operations. Recently, it was shown that two counter-rotating circularly polarised laser pulses can induce a significant valley-polarisation in graphene. The main focus of the present work is to optimise the valley polarisation in monolayer graphene by controlling different laser parameters, such as wavelength, intensity ratio, frequency ratio and sub-cycle phase in two counter-rotating circularly polarised laser setup. Moreover, an alternate approach, based on single or few-cycle linearly polarised laser pulse, is also explored to induce significant valley polarisation in graphene. Our work could help experimentalists to choose a suitable method with optimised parameter space to obtain the desired control over valley polarisation in monolayer graphene.
Keratinocyte cellular damage induced by pesticide doses below the cytotoxic level evidenced by electrical impedance and broadband dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Lasalvia M , Ambrico M , Ligonzo T , Perna G , Ambrico P F , Capozzi V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The cellular response of a normal human keratinocyte cell line exposed to non-cytotoxic doses of a deltamethrin-based pesticide was investigated by means of two different electrical impedance data spectroscopy approaches: Nyquist plot and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The measurements have shown that the membrane capacity increases with pesticide concentration and this facilitates the electric current through cell membranes. Furthermore, the impedance of the extracellular matrix also increases with pesticide concentration, thus reducing the electric current outside the cell. Dielectric permittivity changes in the cellular samples at frequencies larger than 100 Hz. Fluorescence (FL) measurements emphasized an increase in neutral membrane lipids as a consequence of the pesticide exposure. Comparison of FL response of pesticide exposed cells with the control ones showed a time increase in the emission intensity, suggesting the existence of a membrane lipid response aimed at repairing the cell damage due to pesticide exposure. Therefore, both spectroscopic techniques have been demonstrated as potential means to investigate the response to cell stress and damage. This opens up new possibilities in the early diagnosis of cellular modifications related to the pesticide exposure of cells.
Distribution and evolution of surface charge in surface dielectric barrier discharge driven by AC and pulse dual power supply
Authors: Yu Si-Qi , Yan Hui-Jie , Li Jia-Qi , Li Ting , Wang Yu-Ying , Song Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The evolution of surface charge in surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) is observed by using Pockels effect. SDBD is driven by sine AC and pulse dual-power supply voltage. The filamentary discharge and glow-like discharge are enhanced by superimposing positive pulse on sine trough and negative pulse on sine crest, respectively. The interval of enhanced discharge is adjusted by pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The formation and decay of surface charges are analyzed at low PRF, and the accumulation effect is analyzed at high PRF. The results showed that the decay rates of charges decrease with increasing distance from the exposed electrode. When a positive pulse is superimposed on sine trough, the traces of positive charges are filaments with long extending lengths, which are the footprints of discharge channels. The lifetime of positive charges is hundreds of AC cycles (tens of milliseconds). Under certain conditions, subsequent glow-like discharge evolves as ‘flying’ above the dielectric surface (three-dimensional (3D) propagation). Most of the negative charges are neutralized in subsequent filamentary discharge. Some negative charges accumulate downstream and exist longer than positive charges. In the case of negative pulses superimposed on sine crest, the enhanced glow-like discharge appears 3D propagation. The propagation distance is much smaller than that of positive pulse. Most of the negative charges are uniformly distributed near the exposed electrodes with a short lifetime (a few hundred microseconds) and are quickly neutralized in subsequent discharges. The occurrence of 3D propagation requires certain conditions and the mechanism needs further research.
On a force balance and role of cathode plasma in Hall effect thrusters
Authors: Chernyshev Timofey , Krivoruchko Dariya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The cathode plasma is a specific transition region in the Hall effect thruster (HET) discharge that localizes between the strongly magnetized acceleration layer (magnetic layer or B-layer) and non-magnetized exhaust plume. Cathode plasma provides a flow of electron current that supplies losses in the magnetic layer (due to ionization, excitation, electron-wall interactions, etc). The electrons’ transport in this region occurs in collisionless mode through the excitation of plasma instabilities. This effect is also known as ‘anomalous transport/conductivity’. In this work, we present the results of a 2D (drift-plane) kinetic simulation of the HET discharge, including the outside region that contains cathode plasma. We discuss the process of cathode plasma formation and the mechanisms of ‘anomalous transport’ inside it. We also analyze how fluid force balance emerges from collisionless kinetic approach. The acceleration mechanism in HETs is commonly described in terms of force balance. Namely, the reactive force produced by accelerated ions has the same value as Ampère’s force acting on a drift current loop. This balance written in integral form provides the basis for quantitative estimations of HETs’ parameters and scaling models.
A switched quasi Z-source three-port (SqZSTP) DC-DC converter for a photovoltaic power generation system
Authors: Dhinesh V , Vijayakumar G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a modified wide-input switched quasi Z-source three-port (SqZSTP) DC-DC converter is proposed to interface a photovoltaic inverter with a distributed power generation system. The proposed SqZSTP DC-DC converter constructed with a quasi Z-source impedance network and a three-winding high-frequency transformer offers high voltage gain over a wide input voltage range. In the proposed topology, the input port is divided into two ports, to reduce the power rating and voltage stress across each component. The design and operating principles of the SqZSTP DC-DC converter are presented. The steady state and dynamic performance of the proposed SqZSTP DC-DC converter are compared to other converters that have an impedance network in front. The fuzzy logic controller used in the voltage loop avoids variation in the output voltage when a wide variation in the input voltage happens. In order to test the proposed topology, a scaled-down model with a voltage and power rating of 400 V/1400 W was developed. AT conversion efficiency of 94.5% is achieved.
Pre-metal dielectric PE TEOS oxide pitting in 3D NAND: mechanism and solutions
Authors: Hong Peizhen , Xu Qiang , Hou Jingwen , Bai Mingkai , Zhao Zhiguo , Jin Lei , Huo Zongliang , Li Chunlong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In 3D NAND, as the stack number increases, the process cost becomes higher and higher, and the stress problem becomes more and more serious. Therefore, the low cost and low stress plasma enhanced tetraethyl orthosilicate (PE TEOS), compared to high density plasma (HDP) oxide, shows its superiority as pre-metal dielectric (PMD) oxide layer in 3D NAND. This paper explores the challenges in the application of PE TEOS in 3D NAND PMD oxide layer. In our experiment both PE TEOS and HDP are employed as the PMD oxide for 3D NAND staircase protection. There is not any void found in the two oxide structures. However, oxide pitting is spotted in the subsequent diluted hydrofluoric acid wet etching in the PE TEOS split. Moreover, we observe that the top silicon nitride corrodes in hot phosphoric acid. We study the mechanism of PE TEOS oxide pitting and silicon nitride corroding, propose two solutions: (1) HDP oxide + PE TEOS, and (2) PE TEOS + dry etching. Experimental results demonstrate that our solutions can well address the issue of PE TEOS oxide pitting and effectively protect the staircase structure. This work extends the application of PE TEOS oxide of which the cost and the stress are both low in 3D NAND.
Engineering the shape memory parameters of graphene/polymer nanocomposites through atomistic simulations: On the effect of nanofiller surface treatment
Authors: Amini Mohammad , Hasheminejad Kourosh , Montazeri Abbas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the shape memory behavior of polylactic acid infused with graphene functionalized by four groups of –OH, –CH3, –NH2, and tethered polymer layer. Applying molecular dynamics simulation, it is revealed that the graphene surface treatment enhances the shape fixity ratio of nanocomposites monotonically by increasing the physical cross-linking points within the polymer matrix. The improvement would be even more pronounced by increasing the coverage degree of small functional groups and grafting density of the covalently bonded polymer chains. Monitoring the key parameters illustrates that contrary to the OH groups, which improve the shape recovery value, the other functional groups degrade it by prohibiting the polymer chains mobility. Attempts to explore the governing mechanism demonstrate that shape fixity is improved when the difference between the potential energy variations in the loading and unloading stages increases. Interestingly, shape recovery is only under the influence of conformational entropy, and it is not affected by the potential energy. As such, we also probe variations of the radius of gyration during the recovery stage to address the role of different functionalization procedures on the reported shape recovery parameter.
Violation of magnetic flux conservation by superconducting nanorings
Authors: Mowgood Iris , Melkonyan Gurgen , Dulal Rajendra , Teknowijoyo Serafim , Chahid Sara , Gulian Armen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The behavior of magnetic flux in ring-shaped finite-gap superconductors is explored from the view-point of the flux-conservation theorem, which states that under the variation of an external magnetic field ‘the magnetic flux through the ring remains constant’ (see, e.g., Landau and Lifshitz 1960 Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (New York: Pergamon)). Our results, based on the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations and COMSOL modeling, made it clear that in the general case this theorem is incorrect. While for macroscopic rings the corrections are small, for micro- and nanorings they become rather substantial. The physical reasons behind this effect are discussed. The dependence of flux deviation on ring size, bias temperature and the speed of external flux evolution is explored. The detailed structure of flux distribution inside the ring opening, as well as the electric field distribution inside the ring wire cross section, are revealed. Our results and the developed finite element modeling approach can assist in elucidating various fundamental topics in superconducting nanophysics and in the advancement of nanosize superconducting circuits prior to time-consuming and costly experiments.
Metal-free super-wideband THz absorber for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Soni Anil Kumar , Giri Pushpa , Varshney Gaurav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA technique is implemented for obtaining the high absorption over super-wideband (SWB) in a metal-free THz absorber. The multiple resonant modes with wide spectra are generated in a graphite-based resonator placed on a dielectric cavity merging of which provides the SWB response. The low permittivity dielectric slab sandwiched between the graphite sheet at its bottom and graphite resonator at its top acts as the Fabry–Perot cavity where absorption takes place. The high absorption rate of graphite in the THz regime can make it a suitable candidate for its utilization in implementing the broadband absorber. Thus, the molecular transition due to interaction of energy in graphite also provides the high absorption. The absorption bandwidth can further be enhanced by stacking of multiple layers in two different configurations of the proposed unit cell. The absorber maintains the polarization insensitivity due to symmetry and allows the high absorption for the electromagnetic wave incident up to the angle of more than75°.The proposed absorber can be utilized in the THz electromagnetic shielding applications due to its SWB response.
Nonlinear definition of the shadowy mode in higher-order scalar-tensor theories
Authors: De Felice Antonio , Mukohyama Shinji , Takahashi Kazufumi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study U-DHOST theories, i.e., higher-order scalar-tensor theories which are degenerate only in the unitary gauge and yield an apparently unstable extra mode in a generic coordinate system.
We show that the extra mode satisfies a three-dimensional elliptic differential equation on a spacelike hypersurface, and hence it does not propagate.
We clarify how to treat this “shadowy” mode at both the linear and the nonlinear levels.
Trigger primitive generation algorithm in the CMS barrel muon chambers during HL-LHC
Authors: Trevisani N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This contribution presents an update on the Analytical Method (AM) algorithm for trigger primitive (TP) generation in the CMS Drift Tube (DT) chambers during the High Luminosity LHC operation (HL-LHC or LHC phase 2). The algorithm has been developed and validated both in software with an emulation approach, and through hardware implementation tests. The algorithm is mainly divided into the following steps: a grouping (pattern recognition) step that finds the path of a given muon, a fitting step to extract the track parameters (position and bending angle), and a correlation step that matches the information from the different super-layers and with signal from the resistive plate chambers. Agreement between the software emulation and the firmware implementation has been verified using different data samples, including a sample of real muons collected during 2016 data taking. In this contribution, an update of the grouping step using a pseudo-Bayes classifier will be discussed.
Development of a simultaneous imaging system to measure the optical and gamma ray images of Ir-192 source for high-dose-rate brachytherapy
Authors: Nagata J. , Yamamoto S. , Noguchi Y. , Nakaya T. , Okudaira K. , Kamada K. , Yoshikawa A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, verification of the
Ir-192 source's position during treatment is needed because such a
source is extremely radioactive. One of the methods used to measure
the source position is based on imaging the gamma rays from the
source, but the absolute position in a patient cannot be
confirmed. To confirm the absolute position, it is necessary to
acquire an optical image in addition to the gamma ray image at the
same time as well as the same position. To simultaneously image the
gamma ray and optical images, we developed an imaging system
composed of a low-sensitivity, high-resolution gamma camera
integrated with a CMOS camera. The gamma camera has a 1-mm-thick
cerium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAIO3: YAP(Ce))
scintillator plate optically coupled to a position-sensitive
photomultiplier (PSPMT), and a 0.1-mm-diameter pinhole collimator
was mounted in front of the camera to improve spatial resolution and
reduce sensitivity. We employed the concept of a periscope by
placing two mirrors tilted at 45 degrees facing each other in front
of the gamma camera to image the same field of view (FOV) for the
gamma camera and the CMOS camera. The spatial resolution of the
imaging system without the mirrors at 100 mm from the Ir-192 source
was 3.2 mm FWHM, and the sensitivity was 0.283 cps/MBq. There was
almost no performance degradation observed when the mirrors were
positioned in front of the gamma camera. The developed system could
measure the Ir-192 source positions in optical and gamma ray
images. We conclude that the developed imaging system has the
potential to measure the absolute position of an Ir-192 source in
real-time clinical measurements.
Screening of waterflooding, hot waterflooding and steam injection for extra heavy crude oil production from Tatarstan oilfield
Authors: Pituganova A , Minkhanov I , Bolotov A , Varfolomeev M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Thermal enhanced oil recovery techniques, especially steam injection, are the most successful techniques for extra heavy crude oil reservoirs. Steam injection and its variations are based on the decrease in oil viscosity with increasing temperature. The main objective of this study is the development of advanced methods for the production of extra heavy crude oil in the oilfield of the Republic of Tatarstan. The filtration experiment was carried out on a bulk model of non-extracted core under reservoir conditions. The experiment involves the injection of slugs of fresh water, hot water and steam. At the stage of water injection, no oil production was observed while during steam injection recovery factor (RF) achieved 13.4 % indicating that fraction of immobile oil and non-vaporizing residual components is high and needed to be recovered by steam assisted EORs.
Innovative Methodology for Assessing the Condition, Certification, Systematization and Accounting of Oil-Contaminated Sites
Authors: Mukhametshina E R , Aitov I S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article describes an innovative method for assessing the condition, certification, systematization and accounting of oil-contaminated sites. The paper offers three-dimensional models, tables on the volume content of petroleum products, tables of the distribution of plots into reclamation groups, QR codes and parcel codes necessary for targeted elimination of the consequences of oil and petroleum products spills in the soil. This technique involves the construction of three-dimensional models of oil-contaminated sites, necessary to reflect the volume of soil contamination, numerical visualization of oil pollution volumes using various data tables, as well as the creation of QR codes and parcel codes, which are necessary to improve the system of accounting, storage and certification of oil-contaminated land.
Drilling mud upward velocity modelling in Ansys CFX software
Authors: Ovsepian E E , Leusheva E L , Morenov V A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Drilling mud has various functions, one of which is to carry cuttings to the surface. All other things being equal, the removal of cuttings is characterized by the upward velocity. This paper simulates the rheology of polymer-glycolic non-dispersing mud (in particular viscosity) to achieve the required upward velocity in the «Ansys CFX» software. The viscosity of the mud varies from 6 to 12 mPa·s, on production casing drilling in Arctic conditions. The results of the study showed that for such conditions, the viscosity should be in the range from 6 to 8 mPa·s.
Identification of gas hydrate on bottom-simulating reflector characteristics with 2D seismic pre-stack time migration of North Bali Waters
Authors: Sufajar I A , Manik H M , Nainggolan T B , Kusnida D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gas hydrate is a physical compound composed of gas molecules that are formed in a seabed layer characterised by high pressure and low temperature. It is known as one of the alternative non-conventional hydrocarbons besides petroleum and natural gas. One of the identified areas of gas hydrate stability zone is in the North Bali Waters. The North Bali Waters is part of the North East Java Basin, which has oil and gas exploration and production, both conventional and non-conventional. One method of identifying the content of gas hydrates is by looking at the appearance of the Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) as shown on the Pre-Stack Time Migrated seismic sections. The detection of gas hydrate zone is determined by the presence of high amplitude, reversed polarity reflection and cross-cut reflection of sedimentary layer. This study aims to determine the existence of a BSR in the waters of North Bali. The procedures for analysing the existence of Bottom Simulating Reflector in this study are pre-processing, processing, and interpretation of 2D marine seismic data. The result shows gas hydrates found with indicated Bottom Simulating Reflector on CDP 35-812 at TWT depth of 1526-1582 ms, characterised by high amplitude-reverse polarity.