bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gadolinium is not necessary for surveillance MR imaging in children with chiasmatic‐hypothalamic low‐grade glioma
Authors: Malbari Fatema , Chintagumpala Murali M. , Wood Alexis C. , Levy Adam S. , Su Jack M. , Okcu M. Fatih , Lin Frank Y. , Lindsay Holly , Rednam Surya P. , Baxter Patricia A. , Paulino Arnold C. , Orzaiz Guillermo Aldave , Whitehead William E. , Dauser Robert , Supakul Nucharin , Kralik Stephen F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chiasmatic‐hypothalamic low‐grade glioma (CHLGG) have frequent MRIs with gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCA) for disease monitoring. Cumulative gadolinium deposition in the brains of children is a potential concern. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether MRI with GBCA is necessary for determining radiographic tumor progression in children with CHLGG.MethodsChildren who were treated for progressive CHLGG from 2005 to 2019 at Texas Children's Cancer Center were identified. Pre‐ and post‐contrast MRI sequences were separately reviewed by one neuroradiologist who was blinded to the clinical course. Three dimensional measurements and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Radiographic progression was defined as a 25% increase in size (product of two largest dimensions) compared with baseline or best response after initiation of therapy.ResultsA total of 28 patients with progressive CHLGG were identified with a total of 683 MRIs with GBCA reviewed (mean 24 MRIs/patient; range, 11‐43 MRIs). Radiographic progression was observed 92 times, 91 (99%) on noncontrast and 90 (98%) on contrast imaging. Sixty‐seven progressions necessitating management changes were identified in all (100%) noncontrast sequences and 66 (99%) contrast sequences. Tumor growth > 2 mm in any dimension was identified in 184/187 (98%) noncontrast and 181/187 (97%) with contrast imaging. Metastatic tumors were better visualized on contrast imaging in 4/7 (57%).ConclusionMRI without GBCA effectively identifies patients with progressive disease. When imaging children with CHLGG, eliminating GBCA should be considered unless monitoring patients with metastatic disease.
Optimizing rapid diagnostics and diagnostic stewardship in Gram‐negative bacteremia
Authors: Wagner Jamie L. , Markovich Kylie C. , Barber Katie E. , Stover Kayla R. , Biehle Lauren R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance remains a high global concern, as it is associated with prolonged hospitalizations, increased morbidity and mortality, and escalating healthcare‐related costs. Rapid diagnostic technology (RDT) has become the cornerstone in achieving prompt blood culture results providing a quicker initiation of optimal therapy, decreased mortality, and decreased spread of resistance. To maximize the benefits of RDTs, antimicrobial stewardship programs must implement a diagnostic stewardship (DS) subgroup to optimize communication, education, and interpretation of RDT results within the healthcare system. The DS subgroup is necessary to evaluate the technologies available, better integrate the selected technologies into the healthcare system, and develop innovative and appropriate use to improve patient outcomes.
Network module‐based drug repositioning for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Wang Rui‐Sheng , Loscalzo Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disorder characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. PAH is a highly morbid cardiopulmonary disease adversely affecting lifespan and quality of life. Despite increased awareness and advances of medical therapies in recent decades, long‐term prognosis and survival remain poor for patients with PAH. Novel therapies that can target the underlying pathobiology of PAH and reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling are clearly needed. In this study, we develop a network module‐based framework to examine potential drug repositioning for PAH. The rationale for this approach is that in order to have therapeutic effects, the targets of potential drugs must be significantly proximate to the disease module of interest in the human protein‐protein interactome. Based on 15 existing drugs for treating PAH, our framework integrates drug‐drug interactions, drug‐drug chemical similarity, drug targets, and PAH disease proteins into the human interactome, and prioritizes candidate drugs for PAH. We identified 53 drugs that could potentially be repurposed for PAH. Many of these candidates have strong literature support. Compared to black‐box‐like machine learning models, network module‐based drug repositioning can provide mechanistic insights into how repositioned drugs can target the underlying pathobiological mechanisms of PAH.
In Situ Analytical Techniques for the Investigation of Material Stability and Interface Dynamics in Electrocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Pishgar Sahar , Gulati Saumya , Strain Jacob M. , Liang Ying , Mulvehill Matthew C. , Spurgeon Joshua M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElectrocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry are critical to technologies like fuel cells, electrolysis, and solar fuels. Material stability and interfacial phenomena are central to the performance and long‐term viability of these technologies. Researchers need tools to uncover the fundamental processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Numerous analytical instruments are well‐developed for material characterization, but many are ex situ techniques often performed under vacuum and without applied bias. Such measurements miss dynamic phenomena in the electrolyte under operational conditions. However, innovative advancements have allowed modification of these techniques for in situ characterization in liquid environments at electrochemically relevant conditions. This review explains some of the main in situ electrochemical characterization techniques, briefly explaining the principle of operation and highlighting key work in applying the method to investigate material stability and interfacial properties for electrocatalysts and photoelectrodes. Covered methods include spectroscopy (in situ UV–vis, ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), and in situ Raman), mass spectrometry (on‐line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)), and microscopy (in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC‐AFM), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC‐STM), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)). Each technique's capabilities and advantages/disadvantages are discussed and summarized for comparison.
Label-Free Quality Control and Identification of Human Keratinocyte Stem Cells by Deep Learning-Based Automated Cell Tracking
Authors: Hirose Takuya , Kotoku Jun'ichi , Toki Fujio , Nishimura Emi K. , Nanba Daisuke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Stem cell-based products have clinical and industrial applications. Thus, there is a need to develop quality control methods to standardize stem cell manufacturing. Here, we report a deep learning-based automated cell tracking (DeepACT) technology for noninvasive quality control and identification of cultured human stem cells. The combination of deep learning-based cascading cell detection and Kalman filter algorithm-based tracking successfully tracked the individual cells within the densely packed human epidermal keratinocyte colonies in the phase-contrast images of the culture. DeepACT rapidly analyzed the motion of individual keratinocytes, which enabled the quantitative evaluation of keratinocyte dynamics in response to changes in culture conditions. Furthermore, DeepACT can distinguish keratinocyte stem cell colonies from non-stem cell-derived colonies by analyzing the spatial and velocity information of cells. This system can be widely applied to stem cell cultures used in regenerative medicine and provides a platform for developing reliable and noninvasive quality control technology.
Application exercise design for team‐based learning in online courses
Authors: Dorneich Michael C. , O'Dwyer Brian , Dolowitz Annetta R. , Styron Jennifer L. , Grogan James 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes best practices for adapting traditional, face‐to‐face, team‐based learning principles to develop online application exercise design, support effective facilitation, and use appropriate technology to promote effective online team collaboration. The unique challenges of online TBL applications include maintaining effective team collaboration, discussion facilitation, and simultaneous reporting. A framework is proposed to guide practitioners to make appropriate, systematic choices in the development of online TBL applications.
Comparing veterinary students’ and practitioners’ perceptions of communication in a bilingual context
Authors: Pun Jack K.H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundUsing veterinary medicine as the clinical context, this case study elicited perspectives of practitioners and students in Hong Kong about the impact of their communication skills on clinical practice.MethodsA cross‐sectional mixed‐method design was adopted. Fifty students from the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine programme were surveyed about their perspectives on expected communication needs as future practitioners and their perceptions of communication skills to be acquired in their programme. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with five veterinary medical practitioners to ask how they themselves feel about communicating in bilingual situations.ResultsThe students highlighted that English is the predominant instructional language in their training, although there are evident discrepancies between the curriculum and the clinical setting given the three predominant languages used in Hong Kong. The veterinary medical practitioners also highlighted strategies for clear communication, and the significance of interpersonal skills as effective communication is essential for learners in training to ensure client satisfaction and optimal clinical outcomes.ConclusionThis study can offer insights to educators on ways to bridge veterinary training and the clinical setting in bilingual contexts where communication problems result from language differences used for instruction and in clinical settings. Taking cultural context into consideration, multimodal teaching and learning materials can be developed to accommodate students’ needs for both academic and professional purposes.
Aptamer‐functionalized hydrogels: An emerging class of biomaterials for protein delivery, cell capture, regenerative medicine, and molecular biosensing
Authors: Abune Lidya , Davis Brandon , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMolecular recognition is essential to the development of biomaterials. Aptamers are a unique class of synthetic ligands interacting with not only their target molecules with high affinities and specificities but also their complementary sequences with high fidelity. Thus, aptamers have recently attracted significant attention in the development of an emerging class of biomaterials, that is, aptamer‐functionalized hydrogels. In this review, we introduce the methods of incorporating aptamers into hydrogels as pendant motifs or crosslinkers. We further introduce the functions of these hydrogels in recognizing proteins, cells, and analytes through four applications including protein delivery, cell capture, regenerative medicine, and molecular biosensing. Notably, as aptamer‐functionalized hydrogels have the characteristics of both aptamers and hydrogels, their potential applications are broad and beyond the scope of this review.This article is categorized under:Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid‐Based StructuresImplantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and ImplantsTherapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
In vitro dissolution considerations associated with nano drug delivery systems
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Chen Yuan , Xie Huan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNano drug delivery systems (NDDS) offer promising solution for the translation of future nanomedicines. As bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes can be improved by altering the drug release from these NDDS, it becomes essential to thoroughly understand their drug release kinetics. Moreover, U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires critical evaluation of potential safety, efficacy, and public health impacts of nanomaterials. Spiraling up market share of NDDS has also stimulated the pharmaceutical industry to develop their cost‐effective generic versions after the expiry of patent and associated exclusivity. However, unlike the conventional dosage forms, the in vivo disposition of NDDS is highly intricate and different from their in vitro behavior. Significant challenges exist in the establishment of in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) due to incomplete understanding of nanoparticles' in vivo biofate and its impact on in vitro experimental protocols. A rational design of dissolution may serve as quality and quantity control tool and help develop a meaningful IVIVC for favorable economic implications. Clinically relevant drug product specifications (critical quality attributes) can be identified by establishing a link between in vitro performance and in vivo exposure. In vitro dissolution may also play a pivotal role to understand the dissolution‐mediated clearance and safety of NDDS. Prevalent in vitro dissolution methods for NDDS and their limitations are discussed in this review, among which USP 4 is gaining more interest recently. Researchers are working diligently to develop biorelevant in vitro release assays to ensure optimal therapeutic performance of generic versions of these NDDS. This article focuses on these studies and presents important considerations for the future development of clinically relevant in vitro release methods.This article is categorized under:Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Na2Rb2SrB18O30 with [B9O19]11− fundamental building block consisting of three [B3O7]5− groups
Authors: Zheng Jingjing , Zhang Ting , Feng Junwei , An Donghai , Bai Chunyan , Sun Yi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA new sodium rubidium strontium borate, Na2Rb2SrB18O30, has been successfully synthesized via the high temperature solution method and characterized by single crystal X ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) with the following cell parameters: a=8.464(5) Å, b=8.516(5) Å, c=17.110(10) Å, β=92.281(8)°, V=1232.3(12) Å3, Z=2. The fundamental building block (FBB) of Na2Rb2SrB18O30 is [B9O19]11−, which consists of three [B3O7]5− groups bridged by oxygen atoms. The FBB connects with adjacent ones through the terminal oxygen atoms condensed into a three dimensional (3D) 3∞[B9O15] network with three types of channels, and two of them are occupied by Rb+ and Sr2+ cations. Besides, the structure comparison and categorization between the borates with [B9O19]11− FBB were investigated via the topological analysis for the first time. Also, theoretical analyses of the band structures and partial densities of states (PDOS) calculations were carried out to elaborate the relationship between crystal structures and optical properties by first‐principles calculation.
Moving beyond the mirror: relational and performative meaning making in human–robot communication
Authors: Gemeinboeck Petra , Saunders Rob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent research in human–robot interaction often focuses on rendering communication between humans and robots more ‘natural’ by designing machines that appear and behave humanlike. Communication, in this human-centric approach, is often understood as a process of successfully transmitting information in the form of predefined messages and gestures. This article introduces an alternative arts-led, movement-centric approach, which embraces the differences of machinelike robotic artefacts and, instead, investigates how meaning is dynamically enacted in the encounter of humans and machines. Our design approach revolves around a novel embodied mapping methodology, which serves to bridge between human–machine asymmetries and socioculturally situate abstract robotic artefacts. Building on concepts from performativity, material agency, enactive sense-making and kinaesthetic empathy, our Machine Movement Lab project opens up a performative-relational model of human–machine communication, where meaning is generated through relational dynamics in the interaction itself.
Independence-friendly logic without Henkin quantification
Authors: Barbero Fausto , Hella Lauri , Rönnholm Raine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe analyze the expressive resources of $$\mathrm {IF}$$
IF
logic that do not stem from Henkin (partially-ordered) quantification. When one restricts attention to regular $$\mathrm {IF}$$
IF
sentences, this amounts to the study of the fragment of $$\mathrm {IF}$$
IF
logic which is individuated by the game-theoretical property of action recall (AR). We prove that the fragment of prenex AR sentences can express all existential second-order properties. We then show that the same can be achieved in the non-prenex fragment of AR, by using “signalling by disjunction” instead of Henkin or signalling patterns. We also study irregular IF logic (in which requantification of variables is allowed) and analyze its correspondence to regular IF logic. By using new methods, we prove that the game-theoretical property of knowledge memory is a first-order syntactical constraint also for irregular sentences, and we identify another new first-order fragment. Finally we discover that irregular prefixes behave quite differently in finite and infinite models. In particular, we show that, over infinite structures, every irregular prefix is equivalent to a regular one; and we present an irregular prefix which is second order on finite models but collapses to a first-order prefix on infinite models.
Long axial field of view PET scanners: a road map to implementation and new possibilities
Authors: Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Tsoumpas Charalampos , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Noordzij Walter , Willemsen Antoon T. M. , Borra Ronald J. H. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, several opportunities and challenges for long axial field of view (LAFOV) PET are described. It is an anthology in which the main issues have been highlighted. A consolidated overview of the camera system implementation, business and financial plan, opportunities and challenges is provided. What the nuclear medicine and molecular imaging community can expect from these new PET/CT scanners is the delivery of more comprehensive information to the clinicians for advancing diagnosis, therapy evaluation and clinical research.
Pharmacokinetics of preoperative intraperitoneal 5-FU in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Öman Mikael , Wettergren Yvonne , Odin Elisabeth , Westermark Sofia , Naredi Peter , Hemmingsson Oskar , Taflin Helena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of preoperatively administered intraperitoneal (IP) 5-FU in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by analyzing levels of 5-FU and target metabolites in peritoneal fluid, plasma, liver, lymph nodes, pancreatic tumour, and pancreatic tissue. These results were correlated to expression of genes encoding enzymes of the 5-FU pathway and cell membrane transporters of 5-FU and FdUMP.

Methods
Twenty-two patients with PDAC were treated with IP 5-FU before surgery. The postoperative treatment followed a routine clinical protocol. 5-FU and its metabolites were analyzed by LC–MS/MS. The expression of genes encoding enzymes and transporters in the 5-FU pathway was analyzed by qPCR.

Results
After IP treatment, 5-FU could be detected in plasma, lymph nodes, liver, pancreatic tumour, and pancreatic tissue. The highest 5-FU concentration was found in the liver, also expressing high levels of the 5-FU transporter OAT2. 5-FU was converted to active FdUMP in all tissues and the highest concentration was measured in lymph nodes, liver and pancreatic tumour (18.5, 6.1 and 6.7 pmol/g, respectively). There was a correlation between the FdUMP and dUr levels in lymph nodes (r = 0.70, p = 0.0076). In tumours, there was an association between OAT2 expression and FdUMP concentration.

Conclusion
The study shows uptake of IP 5-FU and drug metabolism to active FdUMP in pancreatic tumour, liver, and lymph nodes. Extended studies are warranted to evaluate the IP route for 5-FU administration in PDAC patients.
Implications of 2D versus 3D surveys to measure the abundance and composition of benthic coral reef communities
Authors: Kornder Niklas A. , Cappelletto Jose , Mueller Benjamin , Zalm Margaretha J. L. , Martinez Stephanie J. , Vermeij Mark J. A. , Huisman Jef , de Goeij Jasper M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA paramount challenge in coral reef ecology is to estimate the abundance and composition of the communities residing in such complex ecosystems. Traditional 2D projected surface cover estimates neglect the 3D structure of reefs and reef organisms, overlook communities residing in cryptic reef habitats (e.g., overhangs, cavities), and thus may fail to represent biomass estimates needed to assess trophic ecology and reef function. Here, we surveyed the 3D surface cover, biovolume, and biomass (i.e., ash-free dry weight) of all major benthic taxa on 12 coral reef stations on the island of Curaçao (Southern Caribbean) using structure-from-motion photogrammetry, coral point counts, in situ measurements, and elemental analysis. We then compared our 3D benthic community estimates to corresponding estimates of traditional 2D projected surface cover to explore the differences in benthic community composition using different metrics. Overall, 2D cover was dominated (52 ± 2%, mean ± SE) by non-calcifying phototrophs (macroalgae, turf algae, benthic cyanobacterial mats), but their contribution to total reef biomass was minor (3.2 ± 0.6%). In contrast, coral cover (32 ± 2%) more closely resembled coral biomass (27 ± 6%). The relative contribution of erect organisms, such as gorgonians and massive sponges, to 2D cover was twofold and 11-fold lower, respectively, than their contribution to reef biomass. Cryptic surface area (3.3 ± 0.2 m2 m−2planar reef) comprised half of the total reef substrate, rendering two thirds of coralline algae and almost all encrusting sponges (99.8%) undetected in traditional assessments. Yet, encrusting sponges dominated reef biomass (35 ± 18%). Based on our quantification of exposed and cryptic reef communities using different metrics, we suggest adjustments to current monitoring approaches and highlight ramifications for evaluating the ecological contributions of different taxa to overall reef function. To this end, our metric conversions can complement other benthic assessments to generate non-invasive estimates of the biovolume, biomass, and elemental composition (i.e., standing stocks of organic carbon and nitrogen) of Caribbean coral reef communities.
Nanobodies: new avenue to treat kidney disease
Authors: Wanner Nicola , Eden Thomas , Liaukouskaya Nastassia , Koch-Nolte Friedrich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent therapeutic options for renal diseases are limited, and the search for disease-specific treatments is ongoing. Nanobodies, single-domain antibodies with many advantages over conventional antibodies, provide flexible, easy-to-format biologicals with many possible applications. Here, we discuss the potential use of nanobodies for renal diseases.