bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of CNC Boring Machine in Connecting rod Screw Hole Machining
Authors: Huang Wen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper expounds the shortcomings of the traditional drilling, expanding and reaming processing processing methods of connecting rod screw holes, and proposes a new technology for processing connecting rod screw holes using a special CNC boring machine. Then, this paper introduces the process method of CNC boring machine processing connecting rod screw hole and the design of tooling fixture, and through the example of programming and processing, it’s proved that the new technology greatly improves the quality of screw hole. While reducinges the labor intensity of workers and improving the production efficiency, it also creates good economic and social benefits.
Application of Controlled Blasting in Urban Complex Environment Foundation Excavation
Authors: Zeng Cheng-Li , Liu Guo-Jun , Zhang Hai-Long 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the city buildings, dense area blasting to excavate mass rock belongs to the controlled blasting of stonework in complicated situations. In order to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on the surrounding environment, it is necessary to take a variety of blasting technology combined with the construction scheme. Lanzhou Ming Cheng Plaza foundation excavation uses millisecond short-hole blasting technology, by taking measures of choosing the reasonable digging groove position and control maximum charge weight per delay interval, achieved the purpose of control flying rock and reduce the blasting vibration.
Design and Control Method of Power-Cycling Variable Transmission System
Authors: Sun Dongye , Wenfeng Hou , Junren Shi , Yingzhe Kan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A design theory of a power-cycling variable transmission (PCVT) system with improved transmission efficiency and continuously variable transmission characteristics was proposed for preserving the characteristics of transmission types such as the friction, hydrodynamic, and hydraulic drives. This study expounds on the structure and working principle of PCVT, analyzes its main characteristics, and describes its unique performance through a series of design examples.
Design and Experimental Verification of a Multirotor Aircraft with fuzzy neural network controller
Authors: Di LI , Kun Shu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Conventional multirotor aircrafts are underactuated, while the translational and rotational motions are strongly coupled. These features severely limit the maneuverability of the aircraft. Therefore, a multi-rotor aircraft is designed, which can perform omnidirectional motion, vector thrust control flight and tilt-hovering. In addition, an fuzzy nerual network controller is designed. And the aircraft demonstrates a higher fault tolerance than the conventional ones. Finally, the experimental results show that the aircraft has a higher maneuverability than the conventional quadrotors.
Fault Diagnosis Method for Certain Equipment Based on Case-based Reasoning
Authors: Junjie Hao , Hongni Gao , Wei Wang , XinCheng Song , Dayan Wang , Qinsheng Jiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Absrtact: With the increasing complexity, information and intelligence of combat systems and weapons equipment, the traditional fault diagnosis technology can not meet the requirements of rapid and accurate fault diagnosis of equipment. In this paper, according to the fault characteristics and maintenance status of a certain type of equipment, combined with case-based reasoning technology, an equipment maintenance system which can realize intelligent query, case accumulation and fault reasoning is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the method is proved by an example.
Flexible Flow Shop Scheduling and Energy Saving Optimization Strategy under Low Carbon Target
Authors: Yin Ruixue , Li Chaowen , Feng Xuqing , Yang Qingbin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to reduce the carbon emissions of the flow shop which consists of unrelated parallel machine, a kind of scheduling mathematical mode with low carbon emission target is built by analyzing the carbon emissions of the machine tools under different running conditions. Not only the carbon emissions produced in the handling process which is rarely discussed in the previous studies, but also the carbon emissions produced during the start-up and shutdown process of the selected machine tools are considered in the model. Based on this model, a multi-state alternation energy saving optimization strategy is proposed to reduce carbon emissions during the idle waiting period of machine tools. An improved genetic algorithm is employed to solve this optimization problem. In the end, the t cases are studied to validate the strategy.
Progress on different topology optimization approaches and optimization for additive manufacturing: a review
Authors: Zhan Tianxia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The progress of topology optimizations for the last decade has been reviewed based on the five main methods mentioned in Sigmund’s article in 2013: density, level-set, topological derivative, phase field, and evolutionary. The recent progress is mainly focusing on methods originated in density or level set method, with an inclination of combining them with the evolutionary method. The methods developed have a large number of applications, yet certain issues, e. g., guaranteeing the convergence of the results generated through evolutionary methods need further investigation. Besides, those studies specifically targeted for the optimization and designing for additive manufacturing are also discussed, as well as the ideas and guidelines for those designs. It is recognized that in order to cope with additive manufacturing, it is necessary to modify existing structures for the application of lattice structures and the reduction of support structures. Moreover, the introduction of the idea of designing for additive manufacturing (DfAM), as well as efforts to make the end-users understand and familiarize themselves with the dramatic differences in designs, are also desired changes that need more efforts to be applied on.
Research on Beamforming Algorithm of Millimeter Wave System Based on Mobility of Network Vehicles
Authors: Qinghua Zhu , Ying Chang , Junfeng Shi , Jingya Zhao , Yong Liu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During the operation of mobile networked intelligent vehicles, beamforming training is often needed, which will lead to a significant increase in training time and adverse impact on system performance. This paper analyses this problem in detail, and establishes a new beamforming algorithm, that is, to predict the position and state information of the vehicle in the process of movement, and then beamforming based on the results obtained; the predicted vehicle position results have errors, so we need to reduce the position error as much as possible, calculate the optimal beamforming width, and significantly improve the system performance. The simulation results show that the performance of the beamforming algorithm proposed in this paper is significantly improved compared with IEEE 802.11ad, which can meet the requirements of practical application.
Research on power and vibration signal acquisition method and system of machine tool for tool wear monitoring
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhang Jianfu , Fu Yongkang , Yu Dingwen , Wang Jianjian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tool wear state is a crucial factor in the process of machine tool processing. Tool wear and failure affects the processing quality. Tool replacement in advance affects the production efficiency and increase the production cost. During the machining process, the power and vibration signal often change with the increase of tool wear, which provides a way to monitor tool wear. To meet the needs of tool wear monitoring, this paper presents a system architecture and hardware composition of power and vibration signal acquisition of machine tool, and develops a system to synchronously collect power, vibration signal and process parameters of machine tool. The vibration and power characteristic information recognition method is then discussed corresponding to the process to be monitored from the collected signals. The experimental results show that the system is able to collect and screen the changes of power and vibration signal throughout the whole life cycle of the cutting tool in real-time. The feature information recognition and screening have high efficiency and accuracy, which provides a data basis for tool wear monitoring.
A 12-bit 30 MS/s SAR ADC in 180 nm CMOS for PMT signal readout
Authors: Guo Y. , Zhou S. , Zhao L. , Qin J. , Yang Y. , Xuan D. , Song C. , Liu S. , An Q. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) are widely used as the photon
detector in high energy physics experiments for their fast response
and high sensitivity. High precision charge measurement is usually
required for PMT readout, and especially in cosmic ray experiments a
large dynamic range is also demanded. This paper describes an
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Application Specific Integrated
Circuit (ASIC), which aims to work with a front-end analog ASIC to
perform charge measurement based on the digital peak detection
method. This ADC design is based on the power-efficient Successive
Approximation Register (SAR) architecture, to achieve a 12-bit
resolution with a sampling rate of up to 30 MS/s. Test results
indicate that the Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) of this ADC is
better than 9.2 bits with a sampling rate of 30 MS/s.
A multidimensional feasibility evaluation of low-carbon scenarios
Authors: Brutschin Elina , Pianta Silvia , Tavoni Massimo , Riahi Keywan , Bosetti Valentina , Marangoni Giacomo , van Ruijven Bas J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Long-term mitigation scenarios developed by integrated assessment models underpin major aspects of recent IPCC reports and have been critical to identify the system transformations that are required to meet stringent climate goals. However, they have been criticized for proposing pathways that may prove challenging to implement in the real world and for failing to capture the social and institutional challenges of the transition. There is a growing interest to assess the feasibility of these scenarios, but past research has mostly focused on theoretical considerations. This paper proposes a novel and versatile multidimensional framework that allows evaluating and comparing decarbonization pathways by systematically quantifying feasibility concerns across geophysical, technological, economic, socio-cultural and institutional dimensions. This framework enables to assess the timing, disruptiveness and scale of feasibility concerns, and to identify trade-offs across different feasibility dimensions. As a first implementation of the proposed framework, we map the feasibility concerns of the IPCC 1.5 °C Special Report scenarios. We select 24 quantitative indicators and propose feasibility thresholds based on insights from an extensive analysis of the literature and empirical data. Our framework is, however, flexible and allows evaluations based on different thresholds or aggregation rules. Our analyses show that institutional constraints, which are often not accounted for in scenarios, are key drivers of feasibility concerns. Moreover, we identify a clear intertemporal trade-off, with early mitigation being more disruptive but preventing higher and persistent feasibility concerns produced by postponed mitigation action later in the century.
Estimating integrated measures of forage quality for herbivores by fusing optical and structural remote sensing data
Authors: Jennewein J S , Eitel J U H , Joly K , Long R A , Maguire A J , Vierling L A , Weygint W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Northern herbivore ranges are expanding in response to a warming climate. Forage quality also influences herbivore distributions, but less is known about the effects of climate change on plant biochemical properties. Remote sensing could enable landscape-scale estimations of forage quality, which is of interest to wildlife managers. Despite the importance of integrated forage quality metrics like digestible protein (DP) and digestible dry matter (DDM), few studies investigate remote sensing approaches to estimate these characteristics. We evaluated how well DP and DDM could be estimated using hyperspectral remote sensing and assessed whether incorporating shrub structural metrics affected by browsing would improve our ability to predict DP and DDM. We collected canopy-level spectra, destructive-vegetation samples, and flew unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) in willow (Salix spp.) dominated areas in north central Alaska in July 2019. We derived vegetation canopy structural metrics from 3D point cloud data obtained from UAV imagery using structure-from-motion photogrammetry. The best performing model for DP included a spectral vegetation index (SVI) that used a red-edge and shortwave infrared band, and shrub height variability (hvar; Nagelkerke R
2 = 0.81, root mean square error RMSE = 1.42%, cross validation ρ = 0.88). DDM’s best model included a SVI with a blue and a red band, the normalized difference red-edge index, and hvar (adjusted R
2 = 0.73, RMSE = 4.16%, cross validation ρ = 0.80). Results from our study demonstrate that integrated forage quality metrics may be successfully quantified using hyperspectral remote sensing data, and that models based on those data may be improved by incorporating additional shrub structural metrics such as height variability. Modern airborne sensor platforms such as Goddard’s LiDAR, Hyperspectral & Thermal Imager provide opportunities to fuse data streams from both structural and optical data, which may enhance our ability to estimate and scale important foliar properties.
Forested lands dominate drinking water supply in the conterminous United States
Authors: Liu Ning , Caldwell Peter V , Dobbs G Rebecca , Miniat Chelcy Ford , Bolstad Paul V , Nelson Stacy A C , Sun Ge 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Forests provide the most stable and highest quality water supplies among all land uses. Quantitatively evaluating the benefits of forest water supply functions is important to effectively mitigate the impacts of land development, climate change, and population growth. Here, by integrating a water balance model and national drinking water data, we determined the amount of surface water yield originating on different forest ownership types at a fine resolution (88,000 watersheds) and tracked that water through the river network to drinking water intakes and the populations they serve. We found that forested lands comprised 36% of the total land area but contributed 50% of the total surface water yield. Of the 23,983 public surface drinking water intakes depending on surface water sources, 89% (serving around 150 million people) received some (>0.01%) surface water from forested lands, and 38% (serving about 60 million people) received more than 50% of their surface drinking water supply from forested lands. Privately-owned forests were the most important water source in the eastern U.S., benefiting 16 million people, followed by federal forests (14.4% of the total water supply). In contrast, federally-owned forested lands were the dominant water source (52% of the total water supply) in the West. Privately-owned forests are the most vulnerable to future land use change and associated water supply impacts. Continuing programs that support private forest landowners with financial and technical assistance through federal and state forest management agencies and potentially developing payment for ecosystem service schemes could maximize benefits for landowners so they may retain their land assets while minimizing forest loss and associated impacts on critical ecosystem services including the provisioning a clean and reliable water supply for the American public.
Study on slope stability during tunnel construction in water rich soft soil area
Authors: Xiong Qihuan , Yuan Qing , Shen Jiuzhou , Yang Lin , Cheng Shihao , Zhang Ziping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on the relationship between soil strength index and water content, the stability of tunnel portal slope during tunnel excavation in water rich soft soil area is analyzed according to the change of soil water content under different working conditions during tunnel construction. The results show that the strength index of soil decreases in inverse proportion with the increase of saturation. Reasonable excavation speed or effective dewatering measures are conducive to the self stability of the open cut slope. When the duration of heavy rainfall does not exceed 2 h, the slope is in a stable state; when the duration reaches 10 h, the slope enters the limit equilibrium state; when the duration reaches 18 h, the slope enters the failure state.
Research on the Optimal Clearance Distance of Super-Large-Diameter Shield Tunnel Underpassing the Existing Metro Tunnel
Authors: Liu Nian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the accelerating urbanization in China and the constant development of underground space, shield tunnels have been extensively applied to underground roads in central urban areas. However, the central areas are featured with complex surroundings, such as numerous subways, bridge pile foundations, basements, pipelines, and other structures and buildings. Therefore, it will be an unavoidable engineering difficulty for the construction of shield tunnel in the central urban area to cross at a close range buildings (structures) such as existing tunnels, underground pipelines, underground passages and basements. At present, there are remarkable research results for the crossing of subway shield tunnel with an outside diameter of 6.0 m, and rich research results for the crossing of shield tunnel with an outside diameter of 10-14 m. However, there are relatively few studies on the shield tunnel with an outer diameter of 15 m and above crossing existing buildings (structures). Based on Shanghai Beiheng super-large-diameter shield tunnel (outside diameter 15.0 m), the Midas_GTS finite element analysis software was used herein to study the relation between the underpassing clearance distance h and the peak settlement of existing metro tunnel S. The optimal clearance distance of the super-large-diameter shield tunnel underpassing the existing metro tunnel in the soft soil area h was drawn to be 7.0∼8.0 m. Through analysis, it was found that the ground loss rate ρ and the tunnel peak settlement S of the existing tunnel was linear, with the slope = 2.795 > 1. It proved that the tunnel peak settlement S of the existing tunnel was significantly influenced by the ground loss rate ρ. Therefore, it’ s quite reasonable to take the ground loss rate ρ as the evaluation indicator and control requirement for crossing construction.
Analysis of Measures to Strengthen the Safety of Civil Engineering Structure Design
Authors: Zhang Lingmei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article analyzes the relevant content of the safety design of civil engineering structures. This paper studies the common problems in the safety design of civil engineering structures, including design methods to be optimized, relatively low training efforts, relatively poor innovation capabilities, more construction safety hazards, unreasonable internal force combination design, and low safety supervision. The author studied how to optimize structural design methods, how to strengthen personnel training, how to deal with system innovation, how to strictly control building conditions, how to optimize the design of internal forces, and how to strengthen safety supervision. The purpose of this article is to improve the level of civil engineering structural design and improve the construction quality of construction projects.
Tourmaline geochemistry and boron isotope variations as a guide to fluid-rock interaction in the Qinghe pegmatite, NW China
Authors: Zheng Beiqi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The alteration zone around pegmatites can be used as a direct tool to trace the property of pegmatite-derived fluids. In the present study, EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, and MC-ICP-MS were used to analyze major elements, trace elements and boron isotope compositions of tourmaline from Qinghe barren pegmatite, NW China. Most tourmalines from the pegmatite are schorl, while the remaining tourmalines from the pegmatite, the contact zone, the altered wall rock and the unaltered wall rock are dravite. All tourmalines follow the exchange vector (Fe + Mg) (Al + Xvac)−1, indicating enriched Fe and Mg. The Fe3+Al−1 exchange vector and increase of V/Sc in the late stage suggest sudden destruction of the pegmatite system. The δ11B indicates that a small scale fluid exsolution occurred in the late stage. Compared with other fertile pegmatites around the world, Qinghe pegmatite has the most negative δ11B and lower Li content, indicating that both the source and evolution process have an impact thereon.
Experimental Study on Zoning Characteristics of Soft Soil Blasting Disturbance in Sea Embankment Foundation
Authors: Xiao Xian-Bo , Xu Jian-Zhang , Xu Xue-Yong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current research on the mechanism of blasting compaction mainly focuses on how to form a rockfill dam under the action of blasting load, but there is little research on the dynamic response characteristics of soft soil media under blasting. In blasting compaction of deep silt, it is necessary to pay attention to the damage and disturbance effect of explosive explosion on the surrounding soft soil medium, thereby providing new ideas for the study of blasting compaction mechanism of deep silt. With a seawall project in Huizhou as a prototype, based on the blasting similarity theory and through a generalized model and parameter similar design, experimental research on deep silt blasting compaction centrifuge was carried out in a 200g-t centrifuge. The physical and mechanical parameters of the silt soft soil at different positions were acquired through testing before and after the blasting, and property changes of the soft soil medium were analysed under the explosion to speculate disturbance range of the soft soil medium under the explosion effect, and divide the different blasting disturbance areas. The test results provide data support for the optimization of the design parameters of the seawall project, and also provide a useful reference for the study on the blasting compaction mechanism of deep silt and similar engineering practices.
Experiment on Tension-compression Ratio of Hybrid Fibers Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Feng Junjie , Yin Guansheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cubic compressive and splitting tensile strength of recycled aggregate concrete reinforced with hooked-end steel and macro-polypropylene hybrid fibers (HFRRAC) was investigated through an orthogonal experiment. The results show that the replacement ratio of RCA has little effect on the tension-compression ratio. And the volume percentages of HES fiber are the most significant influencing factor in terms of fibers. The specimens reinforced with fibers fail in a ductile manner and are enhanced in the energy absorption capacity. The proposed prediction models for cubic compressive and splitting tensile strength of HFRRAC are adopted to predict the experimental results and meet the engineering application accurately.
Research Progress on the Joint Connection Mode of Steel Coupling Beam
Authors: Zheng Xunzhen , Chen Jiguang , Jiang Haichuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Coupling beam is an important component of seismic structure, the damage of coupling beams can consume earthquake energy, thereby protecting the safety of the structure. In order to ensure that the advantages of steel coupling beams are fully utilized, the joint connection form of steel coupling beams and structures has become the focus of many scholars’ research. This paper systematically summarizes the latest research progresses on the connection mode of joint with steel coupling beam, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed, which provides a reference for engineering application.