bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐942‐5p prevents sepsis‐induced acute lung injury via targeting TRIM37
Authors: Lu Qiang , Zhang Dinggao , liu Hui , Xu Hao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis‐induced acute lung injury (ALI). In this work, we aimed to clarify the potential role and the underlying mechanism of miR‐942‐5p in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced A549 cell injury model. The cell injury was evaluated by CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of miR‐942‐5p and tripartite motif‐containing protein 37 (TRIM37) were measured by real‐time PCR and Western blot, and their association was then validated by bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull‐down assay. We found that the expression of miR‐942‐5p was decreased in LPS‐treated A549 cells. Furthermore, LPS treatment suppressed A549 cell viability, promoted apoptosis and increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, overexpression of miR‐942‐5p increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis and alleviated inflammatory cytokine secretion in the presence of LPS. Moreover, miR‐942‐5p directly targeted TRIM37 by binding to the 3′‐UTR of TRIM37 mRNA. Upregulation of TRIM37 effectively reversed the anti‐apoptotic and anti‐inflammatory effects of miR‐942‐5p in LPS‐induced A549 cells. Our findings suggested that miR‐942‐5p protected against LPS‐induced cell injury through inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation in A549 cells by negatively regulating TRIM37.
Alopecia areata and tofacitinib: a prospective multicenter study from a Saudi population
Authors: AlMarzoug Alanoud , AlOrainy May , AlTawil Lama , AlHayaza Ghada , AlAnazi Rasha , AlIssa Ahmed , AlSheikh Afaf , AlKhalifah Abdullah , AlHarithy Ruaa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by nonscarring hair loss that can involve the scalp, face, and body. Severe AA subtypes have a poorer prognosis and can be challenging to treat. Tofacitinib, a recently introduced Janus kinase inhibitor, has shown positive results in treating AA. This multicenter study demonstrates the efficacy of tofacitinib and the patient response rate in a Saudi population. It also highlights patient characteristics that may serve as predictors of the therapeutic response to tofacitinib.MethodsA prospective cohort study design was utilized. Study participants were included from three medical centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score was used to assess the percentage of hair loss at baseline and the percentage of hair regrowth at 3 and 6 months.ResultsThe sample size was 68 with an average baseline SALT score of 76.8 ± 27.6%. Data at 6 months were available for 45 patients. Of these, 62.2% achieved a SALT score of >50%. Patients with a score of <50% had a significantly higher baseline SALT score compared to patients with >50% score. The past use of systemic steroids was associated with a diminished response to therapy (P = 0.015). The response to therapy was significantly higher in patients with AA compared to alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis.ConclusionsTofacitinib is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for severe AA and exhibits a good safety profile.
Determination of fatty acids and vitamins A, D and E intake through fish consumption
Authors: Yerlikaya Pinar , Alp Ali Can , Tokay Fahrettin Gokhun , Aygun Tugce , Kaya Adem , Topuz Osman Kadir , Yatmaz Hanife Aydan 
Published: October 2021

SummaryPUFA consumption, especially the balance among fatty acids and vitamins present in seafood, is important for a healthy life. Marine‐derived organisms are good sources of recommended high EPA+DHA, vitamins A, D and E, UI, and balanced n‐3/n‐6 ratio whether wild or cultured. The aim of this study was to reveal the fatty acid profile related to recommended health aspects and the presence of such vitamins of commonly consumed fish species (anchovy, mackerel, sea bream, sea bass, salmon and trout) in the north‐eastern Mediterranean. It was found that despite its high lipid content (15.31 ± 1.16%), salmon remained poor in terms of PUFA; meanwhile, anchovy and mackerel had remarkable EPA and DHA. The highest PUFA content (47.25 ± 1.69%) was determined in sea bream owing to respectable linoleic acid content. PUFA/SFA value was found nearly three times higher than the recommended value of 0.4. The highest n‐3/n‐6 ratio was found in anchovy (13.19 ± 0.28). The advised lower AI and TI values were obtained in salmon. Meanwhile, higher UI values were recorded in anchovy and mackerel samples. Alpha‐tocopherol was 25.50 μg g−1 in salmon, followed by sea bream, mackerel and trout. Cholecalciferol was not determined in any of the samples. Retinyl palmitate was ranged between 5.65 and 6.60 μg g−1.
Release of clove essential oil loaded by mesoporous nano‐silica in polylactic acid‐based food packaging on postharvest preservation of white button mushroom
Authors: Zhu Bifen , Liu Yudi , Qin Yuyue , Chen Haiyan , Zhou Linyan 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis work prepared a controlled release food packaging film by solvent volatilization using polylactic acid (PLA) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with clove essential oil (CEO). White button mushrooms were packaged with PLA and CEO‐loaded MSN PLA composite films to investigate postharvest qualities. The result indicated that PMC‐3 film improves the postharvest qualities of Agaricus bisporus, as reflected by lower weight loss (7.03%), higher total phenolics (2.29 g/kg), and ascorbic acid (27.1 mg/kg) compared with A. bisporus packaged with PLA film. In addition, PMC‐1, PMC‐2, and PMC‐3 treatment significantly improved the antioxidant system of A. bisporus, which inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, as well as control the release of clove essential oil during the storage period. These findings suggest that PMC film is a promising method in postharvest preservation of A. bisporus.
Preventability of venous thromboembolism in hospitalised patients
Authors: Narayan Sujita W. , Gad Fady , Chong Julianne , Chen Vivien M. , Patanwala Asad E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.AimsTo determine the proportion of patients with hospital‐acquired VTE that are preventable.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients in two tertiary care hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Data were collected for patients with hospital‐acquired VTE based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Australian Modification (ICD‐10‐AM) coding from January 2018 to May 2020. Patients were classified as low, moderate or high risk of developing a VTE during hospitalisation based on demographic and clinical factors. A hospital‐acquired VTE was considered to be potentially preventable if there was suboptimal prophylaxis in the absence of contraindications. Suboptimal therapy included at least one of the following related to VTE prophylaxis: low dose, missed dose (prior to developing a VTE), suboptimal drug and delayed start (>24 h from admission).ResultsThere were 229 patients identified with VTE based on ICD‐10‐AM coding. A subset of 135 patients were determined to have actual hospital‐acquired VTE. Of these, there were no patients at low risk, 64% (87/135) at moderate risk and 44% (48/135) at high risk of developing a VTE. Most (65%; n = 88/135) patients had one or more contraindications to receive recommended prophylaxis. Overall, the proportion of patients who received suboptimal prophylaxis was 11% (15/135).ConclusionApproximately one out of 10 hospital‐acquired VTE are preventable. Hospitals should focus on measuring and reporting VTE that are preventable to provide a more accurate measure of the burden of VTE that can be reduced by improving care.
Human immune polymorphisms associated with the risk of cryptococcal disease
Authors: Onyishi Chinaemerem U. , May Robin C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause lethal cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS. In addition, cryptococcal infections occasionally arise in immunocompetent individuals or those with previously undiagnosed immunodeficiencies. The course of cryptococcosis is highly variable in both patient groups, and there is rapidly growing evidence that genetic polymorphisms may have a significant impact on the trajectory of disease. Here, we review what is currently known about the nature of these polymorphisms and their impact on host response to C. neoformans infection. Thus far, polymorphisms in Fc gamma receptors, mannose‐binding lectin, Dectin‐2, Toll‐like receptors and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor have been associated with susceptibility to cryptococcal disease. Notably, however, in some cases the impact of these polymorphisms depends on the genetic background of the population; for example, the FCGR3A 158 F/V polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of cryptococcal disease in both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative white populations, but not in Han Chinese patients. In most cases, the precise mechanism by which the identified polymorphisms influence disease progression remains unclear, although impaired fungal recognition and phagocytosis by innate immune cells appears to play a major role. Finally, we highlight outstanding questions in the field and emphasize the need for future research to include more diverse populations in their genetic association studies.
Traits mediate niches and co‐occurrences of forest beetles in ways that differ among bioclimatic regions
Authors: Burner Ryan C. , Stephan Jörg G. , Drag Lukas , Birkemoe Tone , Muller Jörg , Snäll Tord , Ovaskainen Otso , Potterf Mária , Siitonen Juha , Skarpaas Olav , Doerfler Inken , Gossner Martin M. , Schall Peter , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Sverdrup‐Thygeson Anne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of traits in beetle community assembly and test for consistency in these effects among several bioclimatic regions. We asked (1) whether traits predicted species’ responses to environmental gradients (i.e. their niches), (2) whether these same traits could predict co‐occurrence patterns and (3) how consistent were niches and the role of traits among study regions.LocationBoreal forests in Norway and Finland, temperate forests in Germany.TaxonWood‐living (saproxylic) beetles.MethodsWe compiled capture records of 468 wood‐living beetle species from the three regions, along with nine morphological and ecological species traits. Eight climatic and forest covariates were also collected. We used Bayesian hierarchical joint species distribution models to estimate the influence of traits and phylogeny on species’ niches. We also tested for correlations between species associations and trait similarity. Finally, we compared species niches and the effects of traits among study regions.ResultsTraits explained some of the variability in species’ niches, but their effects differed among study regions. However, substantial phylogenetic signal in species niches implies that unmeasured but phylogenetically structured traits have a stronger effect. Degree of trait similarity was correlated with species associations but depended idiosyncratically on the trait and region. Species niches were much more consistent—widespread taxa often responded similarly to an environmental gradient in each region.Main conclusionsThe inconsistent effects of traits among regions limit their current use in understanding beetle community assembly. Phylogenetic signal in niches, however, implies that better predictive traits can eventually be identified. Consistency of species niches among regions means niches may remain relatively stable under future climate and land use changes; this lends credibility to predictive distribution models based on future climate projections but may imply that species’ scope for short‐term adaptation is limited.
Epicardial atrial pacing after the extracardiac Fontan operation: Feasibility of an entirely transvenous approach
Authors: Hoyt Walter J. , Moore Jeremy P. , Shannon Kevin M. , Kannankeril Prince J. , Fish Frank A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis series describes an innovative technique for pacing in patients with sinus node dysfunction after extracardiac Fontan surgery. This transpulmonary approach to the left atrial epi‐myocardium has been successfully applied to three patients at two centers and resulted in excellent acute and midterm pacing characteristics without known complications. The principal advantage of this procedure in comparison to prior iterations is the absence of pacing material within the pulmonary venous atrium, so that future systemic thromboembolism risk is minimized. The transpulmonary approach for permanent atrial pacing offers a novel solution to the unique challenges for patients after extracardiac Fontan operation.
Insights into the functional role of grass carp IL‐8 in head kidney leukocytes: pro‐inflammatory effects and signalling mechanisms
Authors: Zhao Minghui , Liu Yazhen , Gao Yajun , Wang Xinyan , Zhou Hong , Zhang Anying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInterleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is a critical chemokine regulating immune cells' chemotaxis as well as their physiological or pathological activations. In fish cells, recombinant IL‐8 proteins induced transcriptions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Nonetheless, the exact mechanisms underlying the function of fish IL‐8 as a pro‐inflammatory cytokine are still unclear. In this paper, the authors first prepared recombinant grass carp IL‐8 (rgcIL‐8) using an Escherichia coli expression system, and later confirmed rgcIL‐8 increased gene expression of il8, il1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfα) in grass carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs). Using signalling pathway inhibitors, the authors showed that rgcIL‐8 regulated transcriptions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines via MAPK and/or NF‐κB signalling pathways. They cloned gcIL‐8‐specific receptor CXCR1 and subsequently discovered that gcIL‐8 could increase the activity of NF‐κB and the transcription of IL‐1β via CXCR1. Simultaneously, antibody neutralization assay showed that endogenous IL‐8 is partially relevant to the self‐regulation of IL‐1β. Moreover, rgcIL‐8 led to the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene, causing an accumulation of nitric oxide in the culture medium of HKLs, suggesting the potential of gcIL‐8 to mediate inflammatory response. This study not only enriched the function of IL‐8 in teleost but also revealed it as a potential target for the inflammatory control in grass carp.
The effects of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening on functional mobility in older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Futrell Erin E. , Roberts Dawn , Toole Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWeakness and disuse of intrinsic foot muscles contributes to dysfunction in foot and toe alignment and sensory input, which may lead to instability and falls in older adults. The aim of this systematic review was to report the effects of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening (IFMS) interventions on functional mobility in adults aged ≥65 years.MethodsA systematic review was performed with searches from December 2019—February 2021 using MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Rehab and Sports Medicine Source, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Additional sources were sought using reference scanning. Eligible sources analyzed adults aged ≥65 years (n = 1674) who were ambulatory, used a functional mobility outcome measure, and contained foot and ankle interventions that included IFMS. Literature studies regarding neurological, vestibular, cognitive, amputation, or post‐surgical conditions were excluded. Studies that did not specify intrinsic foot muscle involvement were excluded. Two authors extracted relevant studies and appraised them using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.ResultsA total of 1420 articles were screened for relevance, and 16 were extracted. Five additional sources were obtained through reference scanning. Nine articles were eligible for review. PEDro scores ranged from 3 to 7 (out of 10), indicating “fair” quality of evidence. Heterogeneity of methods and data did not allow for statistical comparison. Themes extracted from sources were types of intrinsic foot strengthening interventions and parameters; outcomes on falls, balance, functional mobility; and subjective reports regarding functional mobility.ConclusionEvidence reviewed was of fair quality. IFMS interventions contributed to improvements in strength, balance, mobility, and possibly reduced fall risk. There was little effect on gait. Subjective reports indicate a possible mechanism for improved mobility may be from increased proprioception and sensation.
Influence of basal media composition on barrier fidelity within human pluripotent stem cell‐derived blood‐brain barrier models
Authors: Neal Emma H. , Katdare Ketaki A. , Shi Yajuan , Marinelli Nicholas A. , Hagerla Kameron A. , Lippmann Ethan S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), the principal component of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), are highly sensitive to soluble cues from both the bloodstream and the brain. This concept extends in vitro, where the extracellular milieu can also influence BBB properties in cultured cells. However, the extent to which baseline culture conditions can affect BBB properties in vitro remains unclear, which has implications for model variability and reproducibility, as well as downstream assessments of molecular transport and disease phenotypes. Here, we explore this concept by examining BBB properties within human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived BMEC‐like cells cultured under serum‐free conditions in DMEM/F12 and Neurobasal media, which have fully defined compositions. We demonstrate notable differences in both passive and active BBB properties as a function of basal media composition. Further, RNA sequencing and phosphoproteome analyses revealed alterations to various signaling pathways in response to basal media differences. Overall, our results demonstrate that baseline culture conditions can have a profound influence on the performance of in vitro BBB models, and these effects should be considered when designing experiments that utilize such models for basic research and preclinical assays.
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Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in Australia using two nationally complete datasets
Authors: Lucas Ryan , Dennington Peta , Wood Erica , Murray Kevin J , Cheng Allen , Burgner David , Singh‐Grewal Davinder 
Published: October 2021

AimThe incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) is reported to be increasing in some populations. We sought to describe long‐term trends in the incidence and epidemiology of KD in Australia over 25 years.MethodsTwo nationally complete administrative datasets relevant to KD in Australia were analysed and compared. The Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Supply Tracking Analysis Reporting System (STARS) recorded all doses of immunoglobulin (IVIG) approved in Australia between January 2007 and June 2016. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Hospital Morbidity Database (NHMD) records all episodes of care in hospitals across Australia. Data relevant to KD were extracted an analysed, with comparisons made for the period of data overlap.ResultsDuring the period of data overlap (2007–2015) the IVIG treatment rate in the 0‐ to 4‐year age group (calculated from STARS) was 14.31 per 100 000 person‐years (95% confidence interval 13.67–14.97). The hospitalisation rate in the same age group (calculated from the NHMD) was 14.99 per 100 000 person‐years (95% confidence interval 14.33–15.66). Hospitalisation rates rose at an average rate of 3.54% annually over the 25 years to 2017 in the 0‐ to 4‐year age group, almost exclusively in the 1‐ to 4‐year age group.ConclusionsThere is evidence of increasing KD diagnosis in Australia. Similar trends have also been reported in Asia but not in North America or Europe. Increasing diagnosis may reflect a true increase in disease incidence, increasing recognition or overdiagnosis. Further research is needed to determine the cause for these trends.
Surfactin reduces particulate matter–induced VCAM‐1–dependent monocyte adhesion in human gingival fibroblasts by increasing Nrf2‐dependent HO‐1 expression
Authors: Vo Thi Thuy Tien , Huang Han Wei , Wee Yinshen , Feng Sheng‐Wei , Cheng Hsin‐Chung , Tuan Vo Phuoc , Lee I‐Ta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe mechanisms of particulate matter (PM) toxicity involve the generation of ROS and upregulation of proinflammatory molecules. Nrf2 is a multifunctional cytoprotective transcription factor that regulates the expression of various antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and detoxifying molecules, such as HO‐1. As surfactin has potential to induce Nrf2 activation and HO‐1 expression, this study aimed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effects of surfactin on PM‐exposed human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and signaling pathways engaged by surfactin.Materials and methodsHuman gingival fibroblasts were challenged by PM with or without surfactin pretreatment. The expression of Nrf2, HO‐1, VCAM‐1, and other molecules was determined by western blot, real‐time PCR, or ELISA. Human monocytic THP‐1 cells labeled with fluorescent reagent were added to HGFs, and the cell adhesion was assessed. ROS generation and NADPH oxidase activity were also measured. The involvement of Nrf2/HO‐1 and ROS signaling pathways was investigated by treating HGFs with specific pathway interventions, genetically or pharmacologically. One dose of surfactin was given to mice before PM treatment to explore its in vivo effect on VCAM‐1 expression in gingival tissues.ResultsParticulate matter led to VCAM‐1–dependent monocyte adhesion in HGFs, which was regulated by PKCα/NADPH oxidase/ROS/STAT1/IL‐6 pathway. Surfactin could attenuate monocyte adhesion by disrupting this VCAM‐1–dependent pathway. Additionally, surfactin promoted Nrf2‐dependent HO‐1 expression in HGFs, mitigating VCAM‐1 expression. PM‐treated mice exhibited the lower expression of IL‐6 and VCAM‐1 in gingival tissues if they previously received surfactin.ConclusionSurfactin exerts anti‐inflammatory effects against PM‐induced inflammatory responses in HGFs by inhibiting VCAM‐1–dependent pathway and inducing Nrf2/HO‐1 axis.
Transforming Yemen? Divergent Saudi and Emirati Intervention Policies
Authors: Parker Tyler B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSaudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have pursued distinct policies in Yemen since their intervention began in March 2015. The Saudis remain mired in an air war in the north to defeat the Houthis, an Iran‐linked group that ousted Yemeni President Abdu Rabbu Mansour Hadi. Between 2016 and 2019, the UAE shifted from this task toward a ground war in the south to fight Islamist groups and support the Southern Transitional Council (STC), a secessionist organization that opposes Hadi's government. Why have Saudi Arabia and the UAE pursued such different intervention policies? Building on Elizabeth Saunders’ intervention typology, as well as theories of alliance politics, I analyze individual‐leader perceptions of both the origins and types of external threats. I argue that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman formed a “nontransformative” policy in the north to address a material threat embodied in the Houthis. Alternatively, Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed formed a “transformative” policy in the south to counter Islamist threats that could spread to the UAE. Assessing these different intervention policies amid divergent threat perceptions sheds light on Yemen's multifaceted conflict.