Abstract PO015: JAGGED-1 as a novel metastatic extravasation promoter of triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Gordon Benjamin , Chaudhri Reyhaan A. , Sargis Tim , Naiche L.A. , Kitajewski Jan K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Though survival is improving for breast cancer patients, clinical outcomes remain poor for patients with aggressive molecular subtypes. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, and despite having a 90% five-year relative survival rate for localized disease, that number drops to as low as 11% for patients with distant TNBC metastasis. The poor clinical outcomes for TNBC patients are largely due to lack of clinically actionable molecular targets and pathways compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Given the lack of effective treatment strategies for advanced TNBC, there is an urgent and unmet need to understand the means through which tumor cells disseminate and metastasize to distant tissues in hopes of identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention. For tumor cells to metastasize, they acquire complex series of pathophysiological phenotypes, starting with invasion into surrounding tissue and intravasation into systemic lymphatic or blood vascular systems. Only a small fraction of tumor cells can survive in circulation, with a smaller fraction able to extravasate from vessels and establish distant metastases. While some cancer cells partially coopt the mechanisms that leukocytes use to extravasate, circulating TNBC cells also use distinct mechanisms to breach an endothelial barrier. However, the mechanism(s) of TNBC extravasation remains largely unknown, underlying the need to study further. High expression of Notch ligand JAGGED-1 (JAG1) is associated with increased metastasis and mortality in patients with breast cancer. While JAG1 enhances tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth, the means through which JAG1 promotes tumor cell dissemination is not clear. Our preliminary data supports a role for JAG1 as a key regulator of tumor cell interactions with the endothelium, controlling tumor cell adhesion, transendothelial migration (TEM), and transcription of critical paracrine-acting extravasation proteins, such as SPARC and ICAM1. Using both JAG-specific ligand traps as well as CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion of JAG1, we show that JAG1 promotes TEM in static transwell models, promotes primary tumor growth, and directs a tumor cell transcriptional program that upregulates cell surface interaction pathways distinct from global Notch inhibition. It is our central hypothesis that JAG1 promotes TNBC migration across the vascular endothelium, thereby allowing disseminated cancer cells to exit from circulation and enhancing TNBC metastasis. To define the JAG1-mediated elements of extravasation, we will examine five CRISPR/Cas9 JAG1 knockout lines in a cutting-edge flow system that recapitulates the vascular shear stress microenvironments where extravasation is thought to occur in vivo. We will evaluate multiple steps of extravasation including tumor cell binding, rolling, and TEM under various flow parameters. Moreover, we will study in vivo lung extravasation using a murine tail vein injection model and interrogate transcriptional candidates downstream of JAG1 as identified by our RNAseq data.
Citation Format: Benjamin Gordon, Reyhaan A. Chaudhri, Tim Sargis, L.A. Naiche, Jan K. Kitajewski. JAGGED-1 as a novel metastatic extravasation promoter of triple negative breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr PO015.