bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of different PCR‐based strategies for HPV detection and genotyping from cervical samples
Authors: Santos Fernanda L. S. G. , Invenção Maria C. V. , Araújo Edilaine D. , Barros Gerlane S. , Batista Marcus V. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based techniques are associated with accurate results with respect to HPV detection and genotyping, being able to identify viral DNA at low levels. However, differences in primer design influence their sensibility and specificity, depending on the HPV type assessed.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of three different PCR‐based strategies for HPV detection and genotyping from cervical samples.Study DesignThe procedures were based on different primer design strategies, using MY09/MY11, EntroA, and type specific multiplex PCR primers.ResultsOut of 411 samples of cervical scrapings, 45 (10.9%), 50 (12.2%), and 117 (28.5%) were positive for MY09/MY11, EntroA, and multiplex PCR, respectively. For MY09/MY11 positive samples, 36 were negative for EntroA and 23 for multiplex PCR. For EntroA positive samples, 40 were negative for MY09/MY11 and 26 for multiplex PCR. For multiplex PCR positive samples, 96 were negative for MY09/MY11 and 94 for EntroA. MY09/MY11 identified 12 different HPV types, EntroA detected eight types and multiplex PCR detected 11 HPV types. EntroA primers were able to detect HPV in more samples than MY09/MY11, while multiplex PCR, despite the limited targeted HPV types, presented higher sensibility than the other methods.ConclusionsThe three methods presented different advantages and disadvantages, and the present study reinforces the need to use more than one molecular strategy for HPV detection and genotyping, and the development of novel methods which could overcome the limitations of the existing tests.
The relative contribution of bone microarchitecture and matrix composition to implant fixation strength in rats
Authors: Anderson Kyle D. , Ko Frank C. , Fullam Spencer , Virdi Amarjit S. , Wimmer Markus A. , Sumner Dale R. , Ross Ryan D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBone microarchitectural parameters significantly contribute to implant fixation strength but the role of bone matrix composition is not well understood. To determine the relative contribution of microarchitecture and bone matrix composition to implant fixation strength, we placed titanium implants in 12‐week‐old intact Sprague–Dawley rats, ovariectomized‐Sprague–Dawley rats, and Zucker diabetic fatty rats. We assessed bone microarchitecture by microcomputed tomography, bone matrix composition by Raman spectroscopy, and implant fixation strength at 2, 6, and 10 weeks postimplantation. A stepwise linear regression model accounted for 83.3% of the variance in implant fixation strength with osteointegration volume/total volume (50.4%), peri‐implant trabecular bone volume fraction (14.2%), cortical thickness (9.3%), peri‐implant trabecular crystallinity (6.7%), and cortical area (2.8%) as the independent variables. Group comparisons indicated that osseointegration volume/total volume was significantly reduced in the ovariectomy group at Week 2 (~28%) and Week 10 (~21%) as well as in the diabetic group at Week 10 (~34%) as compared with the age matched Sprague–Dawley group. The crystallinity of the trabecular bone was significantly elevated in the ovariectomy group at Week 2 (~4%) but decreased in the diabetic group at Week 10 (~3%) with respect to the Sprague–Dawley group. Our study is the first to show that bone microarchitecture explains most of the variance in implant fixation strength, but that matrix composition is also a contributing factor. Therefore, treatment strategies aimed at improving bone‐implant contact and peri‐implant bone volume without compromising matrix quality should be prioritized.
Exploring Australian pharmacists’ perceptions and attitudes towards dispensing HIV medicines in the community setting
Authors: Singleton Judith A. , Lau Esther T.L. , Nissen Lisa M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvolving community pharmacists in the provision of care to people living with HIV has the potential to improve health outcomes.AimTo explore community pharmacists’ perceptions and attitudes regarding the supply of HIV medicines following the Australian Government’s decision to list antiretroviral drugs (ARTs) on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in 2016.MethodsA purposive sample of community pharmacists around Australia was invited to participate in an anonymous, online questionnaire that collected demographic information, and pharmacists’ perceptions and attitudes towards dispensing and counselling HIV antiretroviral medicines.ResultsOf the 91 participants, the majority had not dispensed an HIV medicine. Most participants reported feeling comfortable when counselling people living with HIV about their medicines. However, most reported a lack of confidence in knowledge of HIV and HIV medicines, and a lack of confidence in counselling these patients about their medicines and managing the complex issues they experience. There was a statistically significant difference in genders with females reporting less confidence compared with males. Unsurprisingly, confidence in knowledge of HIV and HIV medicines was associated with confidence in counselling people living with HIV.ConclusionIncreased accessibility to HIV antiretroviral medicines through community pharmacies for Australians living with HIV has potentially improved patient health outcomes. However, community pharmacists need to be both confident and comfortable in talking to these patients. This study has identified that Australian community pharmacists would benefit from continuing professional education on this topic. These findings could also be relevant for improving outcomes of patients taking other high‐cost drugs.
Role of thermal and non‐thermal drying techniques on drying kinetics and the physicochemical properties of shiitake mushroom
Authors: Zhang Jin , Yagoub Abu ElGasim A , Sun Yanhui , Arun Mujumdar S , Ma Haile , Zhou Cunshan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFresh shiitake mushrooms are rich in nutrients, but have high water content, a fast metabolism after harvest, and deteriorate extremely easily. Therefore, the drying of shiitake mushrooms has become a research direction. However, the role of different drying techniques on shiitake mushroom quality is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thermal and non‐thermal drying on the drying kinetics, and the physicochemical properties of the end product.RESULTSResults showed that shiitake mushroom treated with non‐thermal drying (vacuum freeze‐drying) had an attractive color, low shrinkage, and uniform honeycomb structure, while the drying time was the longest and not conducive to the formation of shiitake mushroom aroma. But shiitake mushroom treated with thermal drying presents an attractive fragrance. In thermal processing technology, compared with hot air convection drying (HAD), infrared hot air convection drying (IRHAD) shortens the drying time by 37.5%, and had the highest oxidation resistance, polysaccharide content and the lowest color change. Relative‐humidity drying (RHD) samples had the lowest shrinkage compared with other thermal processing technology. The five polysaccharides exhibited similar preliminary structural characteristics, but the polysaccharides obtained by IRHAD have the highest antioxidant properties.CONCLUSIONThese results showed that compared with thermal drying technology, non‐thermal drying technology is not suitable for shiitake mushroom processing. In thermal processing technology, IRHAD is a potential drying method to obtain high‐quality dried shiitake mushrooms and shiitake mushroom polysaccharide (SMP). However, it is necessary to increase the pretreatment technology to achieve the attractive appearance of non‐thermal drying technology. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Is rapid scientific publication also high quality? Bibliometric analysis of highly disseminated COVID‐19 research papers
Authors: Khatter Amandeep , Naughton Michael , Dambha‐Miller Hajira , Redmond Patrick 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe impact of COVID‐19 has underlined the need for reliable information to guide clinical practice and policy. This urgency has to be balanced against disruption to journal handling capacity and the continued need to ensure scientific rigour. We examined the reporting quality of highly disseminated COVID‐19 research papers using a bibliometric analysis examining reporting quality and risk of bias (RoB) amongst 250 top scoring Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) COVID‐19 research papers between January and April 2020. Method‐specific RoB tools were used to assess quality. After exclusions, 84 studies from 44 journals were included. Forty‐three (51%) were case series/studies, and only one was an randomized controlled trial. Most authors were from institutions based in China (n = 44, 52%). The median AAS and impact factor was 2015 (interquartile range [IQR] 1,105–4,051.5) and 12.8 (IQR 5–44.2) respectively. Nine studies (11%) utilized a formal reporting framework, 62 (74%) included a funding statement, and 41 (49%) were at high RoB. This review of the most widely disseminated COVID‐19 studies highlights a preponderance of low‐quality case series with few research papers adhering to good standards of reporting. It emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation of research and the increasingly vital responsibility that journals have in ensuring high‐quality publications.
Infrared Microspectroscopy With Multivariate Analysis to Differentiate Oral Hyperplasia From Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proof of Concept for Early Diagnosis
Authors: Kuhar Nikki , Nazeer Shaiju S. , Kumar Rekha V. , Mukherjee Geetashree , Umapathy Siva 
Published: June 2021

Background and ObjectivesDespite having numerous advances in therapeutics, mortality and morbidity due to oral cancer incidence are still very high. Early detection can improve the chances of survival in most patients. However, diagnosis at early stages can be challenging as premalignant conditions are usually asymptomatic. Currently, histological assessment remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Early diagnosis poses challenges to pathologists due to less severe morphological changes associated with early stages. Therefore, a fast and robust method of detection based on molecular changes is needed for early diagnosis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Study Design/Material and MethodsIn the present study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging has been used to differentiate early‐stage oral hyperplasia from adjacent normal (AN) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Hyperplasia is often considered as an initial event in the pathogenesis of oral cancer and OSCC is the most common advanced stage of malignancy. Differentiating normal versus hyperplasia and hyperplasia versus OSCC can remain quite challenging on occasion using conventional staining as the histological assessment is based on morphological changes.ResultsUnsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (UHCA) has been performed on FTIR images of multiple tissues together that provided some degree of classification among tissue groups. The AN epithelium clustered distinctively using UHCA from both hyperplasia and grades 1 and 2 of OSCC. An increase in the content of DNA, denaturation of protein, and altered lipid structures were more clearly elucidated with spectral analysis.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a simple strategy to differentiate early‐stage oral hyperplasia from AN and OSCC using UHCA. This study also proposes a future alternative method where FTIR imaging can be used as a diagnostic tool for cancer at early stages.
Identification of 1,2,4‐Triazolylthioethanone Scaffold for the Design of New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Fatiha Muhammad Erma , Kumar Ashutosh , Wahab Habibah A. , Zhang Kam Y.J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the most effective drugs for Alzheimer's disease treatment. However, considering the potential and failure rates of AChE inhibitors, chemical scaffolds targeting cholinesterase specifically are still very limited. Herein, we report a new class of AChE inhibitors identified by employing a virtual screening approach that combines shape similarity with molecular docking calculations. Virtual screening followed by the evaluation of AChE inhibitory activity allowed us to identify 1,2,4‐triazolylthioethanones as a novel class of AChE inhibitors. Thirteen compounds with 1,2,4‐triazolylthiothanone core and IC50 values in the range of 0.15±0.07 to 3.32±0.92 μM have been reported here. Our findings shed light into a class of AChE inhibitors that could be useful starting point for the development of novel therapeutics to tackle Alzheimer's disease.
Machine Learning Boosted Docking (HASTEN): An Open‐source Tool To Accelerate Structure‐based Virtual Screening Campaigns
Authors: Kalliokoski Tuomo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe software macHine leArning booSTEd dockiNg (HASTEN) was developed to accelerate structure‐based virtual screening using machine learning models. It has been validated using datasets both from literature (12 datasets, each containing three million molecules docked with FRED) and in‐house sources (one dataset of four million compounds docked with Glide). HASTEN showed reasonable performance by having the mean recall value of 0.78 of the top one percent scoring molecules after docking 10 % of the dataset for the literature data, whereas excellent recall value of 0.95 was achieved for the in‐house data. The program can be used with any docking‐ and machine learning methodology, and is freely available from https://github.com/TuomoKalliokoski/HASTEN.
Structure‐Specific Fermentation of Galacto‐Oligosaccharides, Isomalto‐Oligosaccharides and Isomalto/Malto‐Polysaccharides by Infant Fecal Microbiota and Impact on Dendritic Cell Cytokine Responses
Authors: Logtenberg Madelon J. , Akkerman Renate , Hobé Rosan G. , Donners Kristel M. H. , Van Leeuwen Sander S. , Hermes Gerben D. A. , de Haan Bart J. , Faas Marijke M. , Buwalda Piet L. , Zoetendal Erwin G. , de Vos Paul , Schols Henk A. 
Published: June 2021

ScopeNext to galacto‐oligosaccharides (GOS), starch‐derived isomalto‐oligosaccharide preparation (IMO) and isomalto/malto‐polysaccharides (IMMP) could potentially be used as prebiotics in infant formulas. However, it remains largely unknown how the specific molecular structures of these non‐digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) impact fermentability and immune responses in infants.Methods and ResultsIn vitro fermentation of GOS, IMO and IMMP using infant fecal inoculum of 2‐ and 8‐week‐old infants shows that only GOS and IMO are fermented by infant fecal microbiota. The degradation of GOS and IMO coincides with an increase in Bifidobacterium and production of acetate and lactate, which is more pronounced with GOS. Individual isomers with an (1↔1)‐linkage or di‐substituted reducing terminal glucose residue are more resistant to fermentation. GOS, IMO, and IMMP fermentation digesta attenuates cytokine profiles in immature dendritic cells (DCs), but the extent is dependent on the infants age and NDC structure.ConclusionThe IMO preparation, containing reducing and non‐reducing isomers, shows similar fermentation patterns as GOS in fecal microbiota of 2‐week‐old infants. Knowledge obtained on the substrate specificities of infant fecal microbiota and the subsequent regulatory effects of GOS, IMO and IMMP on DC responses might contribute to the design of tailored NDC mixtures for infants of different age groups.
Completeness of exercise reporting among randomized controlled trials on pelvic floor muscle training for women with pelvic organ prolapse: A systematic review
Authors: Giagio Silvia , Innocenti Tiziano , Salvioli Stefano , Lami Alessandra , Meriggiola Maria Cristina , Pillastrini Paolo , Gava Giulia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThis systematic review aimed to assess the completeness of exercise reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsMEDLINE, Cochrane Central, CINHAL, Embase, SCOPUS, and PEDro databases were searched up to October 2020. Full‐text RCTs comparing PFMT to any type of intervention among women with any type and stage of POP were eligible for inclusion. Completeness of intervention was evaluated with t20he template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) and the consensus on exercise reporting template (CERT). Inter‐rater agreement for each item of the tools was calculated.ResultsTwenty‐six RCTs were included. None of the studies completely reported all intervention descriptors. On average 57.1% (6.8 ± 2.4; out of 12) of the overall TIDieR items and 35.3% (6.7 ± 2.9; out of 19) of the CERT were well described. In particular, 7 and 5 items were completely reported more than 50% of the time for the TIDieR and CERT, respectively. Frequent shortcomings were the undetailed reporting of information regarding tailoring and modifications of exercises and their adherence. Detailed descriptions of exercise repetitions to enable replication were missing in 53.8%. According to the CERT, only 11.5% of the RCTs sufficiently described the main providers' characteristics.ConclusionThe completeness of PFMT reporting for women with POP is still below desirable standards and it is insufficient to ensure transferability into practice. The present results may add relevant knowledge and contribute to improving adequate reporting of exercise.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors by BMI and Age in United States Firefighters
Authors: Bode Emilie D. , Mathias Kevin C. , Stewart Donald F. , Moffatt Steven M. , Jack Kepra , Smith Denise L. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study examined cardiovascular disease risk factors by BMI category in firefighters, the association of BMI and age with risk factor prevalence, and the prevalence of risk factors by BMI category within age groups.MethodsCardiovascular measures from the medical evaluations of 4,453 firefighters, performed between 2015 and 2018 at four occupational health clinics in the United States (South‐West Cohort, Mid‐Atlantic Cohort, South‐East Cohort, and Mid‐West Cohort), were analyzed cross‐sectionally by BMI and age categories.ResultsAmong female firefighters with normal weight, 25% had high blood pressure, 8% had low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 0% had high glucose, whereas the prevalence in female firefighters with obesity was 57%, 45%, and 11%, respectively. Among male firefighters, there were independent and significant associations of BMI and age for the prevalence of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high triglycerides, and high glucose. Higher BMI category was associated with a higher prevalence of high blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol within all age groups and with a higher prevalence of high glucose and high cholesterol within ages 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years.ConclusionsAn increasing prevalence of risk factors with older age and higher BMI suggests that preventive strategies should be initiated in younger firefighters and aggressively promoted or mandated throughout firefighters’ careers.
A density functional theory study of the hydride shift in the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Tsuchida Noriko , Yamazaki Shoko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Eschweiler–Clarke (the amine methylation) reaction was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. First, a reaction model of H3CNH2 + HC(O)OH + CH2O + (H2O)3 → (H3C)2NH + CO2 + (H2O)4 was employed for geometry optimizations. Geometries and activation free energies of transition states (TSs) by eight DFTs, B2PLYP‐D3, B3LYP, B3LYP‐D, BP86‐D, PBE0‐D, M06‐2X, wB97X‐D, and APF‐D, along with MP2 were compared. Four elementary processes were obtained. The rate‐determining step is of the hydride‐transfer TS, H3CN+HCH2 + HCO2− → H3CNHCH3 + CO2. Whereas BP86‐D and APF‐D gave underestimated energies, M06‐2X was found to be a reasonable DFT to trace the present reaction. Second, by the use of M06‐2X/6‐311++G**, hydride‐shift TSs were examined for various sizes of the water cluster (H2O)n, and the controversial two mechanisms were evaluated. It was suggested that the first formic acid contributes to formation of the iminium ion H3CN+HCH2 and the second formic acid works for the hydride transfer. The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction was described by the scheme, R1R2NH + H2CO + (HCOOH)2 + (H2O)n → R1R2NCH3 + CO2 + HCO2− + H3O+(H2O)n.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response analyses of varenicline in adolescent smokers
Authors: Fediuk Daryl J. , Sweeney Kevin , Sahasrabudhe Vaishali , McRae Thomas , Byon Wonkyung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVarenicline is an approved smoking cessation aid in adults. Population pharmacokinetics (popPK) and exposure–response (ER) (continuous abstinence rates [CAR] weeks 9‒12 and nausea/vomiting incidence) for varenicline in adolescent smokers were characterized using data from two phase 1 and one phase 4 studies. A one‐compartment popPK model with first‐order absorption and elimination adequately fitted the observed data. The effect of female sex on apparent clearance was significant. Apparent volume of distribution increased with body weight and decreased by 24%, 15%, and 14% for black race, “other” race, and female sex, respectively. The observed range of exposure in the phase 4 study was consistent with that expected for each dose and body‐weight group from the results obtained in adolescent PK studies, supporting that varenicline dose and administration were appropriate in the study. The relationship between CAR9‒12 and varenicline area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from 0 to 24 hours (AUC24) was nonsignificant (p = 0.303). Nausea/vomiting incidence increased with AUC24 (p < 0.001) and was higher in females. Varenicline PK and ER for tolerability in adolescent smokers were comparable with adults, while ER for efficacy confirmed the negative results reported in the phase 4 study.
Effects of orange juice intake on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
Authors: Motallaei Maryam , Ramezani‐Jolfaie Nahid , Mohammadi Mohammad , Shams‐Rad Shamim , Jahanlou Alireza Shahab , Salehi‐Abargouei Amin 
Published: June 2021

Previous investigations exploring the effects of orange juice (OJ) as a nutrient‐dense beverage on cardiovascular risk factors were inconsistent. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of OJ intake on major cardiometabolic markers including anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, inflammation, and glycemic control markers. PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched from inception until January 2021. Fifteen eligible trials with 639 participants were included in the present study. The meta‐analysis showed that OJ intake significantly reduces circulating total cholesterol levels (10 trials; weighted mean difference [WMD] = −6.84 mg/dl; 95% CI: −12.38 to −1.29; p = .01) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (four trials; WMD = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.77 to −0.006; p = .04) compared to control group. The analyses failed to reveal a significant effect of OJ intake on other cardiometabolic risk factors (p > .05). This review suggests that the intake of OJ might be associated with improved serum total cholesterol and insulin sensitivity. Due to low‐to‐moderate quality of meta‐evidence, our results must be interpreted with caution and more well‐designed studies are still needed to confirm the current findings.