bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noncommunicable disease incidences in 2012-2017, Turkey
Authors: Ergor G , Sakarya S , Sozmen K , Dinc Horasan G , Ekinci B , Arıkan A , Sis S , Unal B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Globally, 88% of deaths are caused by noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and they are increasing in our country as in many parts of the world. Effective control, prevention and treatment of NCD, can begin from knowing the disease incidence by age, sex and regions.

Methods
This study aimed to determine the incidence of chronic diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension and cancer) by record linkage of the data from the Turkey Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Prevalence Study 2011 (TCD-RFS) with health service databases, which are Family Medicine Information System, Medulla- E-Pulse and Death Notification System. The cohort (18.477 people above age 15) from TCD-RFS is followed up to determine the incidence of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, stroke and cancer, from the electronic health record systems for the period between 2012 and 2017 (6 years). Cumulative incidences were calculated, age and sex standardized incidences were given with 95% CI.

Results
The age and sex standardized cumulative incidences are, 5939 (95% CI 5933-5945) for CHD 1378 (95%CI:1369-1388) for stroke, 2254 (95% CI 2 253 -2 255) for cancer, 4200 (95% CI 4194-4204) for diabetes and 20788 (95% CI 1369-1388) for hypertension (per 100,000). The annual incidences are approximately 990 for CHD, 229 for stroke, 375 for cancer, 700 for diabetes and 3464 for hypertension (per 100,000). CHD and cancer incidences are higher in men, while diabetes, hypertension and stroke incidences are higher in women.

Conclusions
Regardless of the difficulties in comparing incidence of NCD with other countries, we think our results show that hypertension, diabetes, stroke and CHD have higher incidence than Western European countries. We also showed that these metrics can be obtained through data linkage of National Health Records for the first time in Turkey.

Key messages
The NCDs needs to be monitored by surveillance using the current data sources for health services. This data can provide very useful information regularly to monitor and control NCDs if necessary actions are taken to adjust data management.
Disparities in the control of Diabetes type 2 and incidence of cardiovascular events. The APNA study
Authors: Guillen Grima F , Guillen Aguinaga S , Brugos Larumbe A , Forga Llenas L , Guillen Aguinaga L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
In Spain, the care of patients with DM2 is carried out in primary care by General Practitioners (GP) in Primary Health Care Centers. There is considerable variability among GPs following these patients. The objective of his study is to analyze the influences of variability in the control of the cardiovascular risk factors in DM2 patients in t cardiovascular events.

Methods
APNA is a dynamic cohort study that includes all the inhabitants of Navarra, a region of Spain with a population of 661.023 inhabitants. We studied 385 GPs and selected all DM2 patients over 17 years of age-old and performed 5 years follow-up. We collect clinical variables, visits to GPs, and analytical data from the clinical records, hospital admissions for cardiovascular events and stroke for each patient and GP we computed 4 indicators of DM2 quality of care, HbA1c &lt; 7% (I1); % HbA1c &gt; = 9% (I2); % BP &lt; 140/90 mmHg (I3); % cLDL &lt;100 mg/dl (I4). Using K-means cluster analysis GPs were classified in 2 groups according to their performance in the indicators. We computed Cox regression.

Results
At the beginning of the follow up we identified 19603 DM2 the prevalence of DM2 was 4.14% (95% CI 4.08- 4.20). The average for I1, I2, I3 and I4 was 51.7%, 9.0%, 46.8% and 35.3%. The coefficient of variation of GPs for I1, I2, I3 and I4 were 24.3, 60.6, 26.7 and 33,1. In the Cox regression model, the risk of hospital admission for a cardiovascular event adjusting by age, gender, income, smoking, BMI, antecedents of cardiovascular events, I1, I2, I3, and I4 was higher when the patient was cared by a GP in the worst cluster of HbA1C &gt; 9% control with a HR of 1.15 (CI 95% 1.03-1.29)

Conclusions
Adjusting by risk factors, and control variables for type 2 diabetes mellitus being attended by GP in the worst indicator cluster adds an additional 15% risk of having a cardiovascular event requiring hospitalization. Efforts should be made to improve quality of DM2 care and to reduce the disparities among GPs.

Key messages
There is great variability in the quality of health care for patients with type II diabetes specially in the proportion of diabetics with HbA1c higher or equal to 9% that differs greatly among GPs. Diabetic type 2 patients cared for by general practitioners in the worst quality group have a 15%.higher likelihood of having a cardiovascular event.
Amigo – A win-win for climate & health
Authors: Brettenhofer M , Dietachmair J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Overburdened roads and traffic jams are daily routine in the cities of the Alpine Rhine Valley. At the same time, active travel is increasingly recognised as an important source of promoting physical health. Therefore, the interdisciplinary and cross-border project AMIGO aims to promote active commuting at the workplace. Approach: The goal of AMIGO is to integrate active commuter mobility into health programmes of organisations. Pilot companies across the entire region implement programmes to animate commuters to switch to active mobility modes, improve their own health and maintain sustainable behaviour. Together with an advisory board of psychologists, health experts and mobility experts the project establishes solutions to connect people's individual commuter choice with the mobility and health management of companies. A cross-border approach has been applied as commuters also significantly cause congestions across the border. Hence, the project team consists of organisations based in Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Germany, which covers the entire Lake Constance area. This enables cross-border knowledge transfer and joint action to achieve political awareness.

Methods
AMIGO uses qualitative and quantitative research methods. An employee survey as well as mobility analyses were used for needs assessment to identify employers who may be susceptible to changing their long-term travel patterns. In addition, focus groups provided detailed insights into the needs and obstacles of the employees. Techniques of behavioural science are applied for designing the interventions.

Results
A bundle of measures is required to create an enabling environment for sustainable and active commuting. Companies investing in active mobility make an impact for public health and environmental health.

Key messages
Companies investing in active mobility make an impact for public health and environmental health. Active commuter mobility should be integrated into health programmes of organisations.
Inequalities in diabetes type 2 prevalence in the multicultural city Malmö, Sweden
Authors: Rämgård M , Zdravkovic S , Grahn M , Schölin T , Nagorny Holmberg C , Annersten Gershater M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Type-2 diabetes is a progressive disease and very much linked to health equity prerequisites and poverty. Its long-term complications include cardiovascular diseases, blindness, amputation and kidney failure. The aim of the study was to explore diabetes type 2 (T2D) prevalence in Malmö, a socioeconomically diverse and multicultural city with a relatively young population.

Methods
The study is a part of the Cities Changing Diabetes project related to the 14 geographical developing areas CTC (Community That Care) in Malmö. The whole city has been divided into 14 areas based on socioeconomical homogeneity as well as shared local area affiliation. Results are obtained from the Patient Administrative System (ICD E11 code) in regional health care as well as from Statistics Sweden.

Results
The prevalence of T2D was 4.3% in 2018. It has increased since 2011 mostly noticeable for residents between 18 and 64 years of age. There are considerable differences in T2D prevalence by CTC-areas where the highest observed prevalence rate was 6.4% and the lowest was 2.6%. The areas with the lower prevalence rates have a high level of education as well as high average household income. The opposite is observed in the areas with the highest prevalence rates where the residents have lower educational level as well as low average income. Two of the three CTC-areas with the highest T2D prevalence rates consists of a younger population as compared to the city in general whereas the third consists of the oldest population in the city.

Conclusions
The prevalence of T2D has increased during the last decade in Malmö. There are significant differences in T2D prevalence within the city related to contextual and socioeconomic factors. The highest T2D prevalence occurs in the area with the lower income and lower level of education.

Key messages
Promotive actions need to be specifically targeted at younger populations in the city of Malmö to prevent the increase in type-2 diabetes and its complications. Contextual factors need to be taken into consideration in the development of sustainable primary and secondary preventive actions for type-2 diabetes in community care and the health care system.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder increased in refugees after long-distance migration
Authors: Eiset AH , Aoun MP , Stougaard M , Gottlieb AG , Haddad RS , Frydenberg M , Naja WJ 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Refugees are forced migrants but there is a large variation in the distance that refugees cover. This may importantly affect their health needs. Previous studies suggest an inverse association between long-distance migration and self-rated health in the general population, possibly related to difficulty in acculturation but there is a knowledge gap in the health effects of migration in refugee populations. Here, we estimate the association between long-distance migration and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a severe mental health disorder associated with deteriorating psychiatric and somatic health and highly prevalent in refugees.

Methods
Included were 712 adult Syrian refugees and asylum seekers in Lebanon and Denmark arriving no more than 12 months prior to inclusion. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess PTSD and the estimate of association was obtained by multiply imputing missing data and adjusting for confounding by propensity score-weighting with covariates age, sex, socioeconomic status, trauma experience, and WHO-5-score, reporting the bootstrap 95-percentile confidence interval (CI). Additionally, a number of sensitivity analysis were carried out.

Results
The prevalence of PTSD was high in both Lebanon (55%) and Denmark (60%). After adjusting for biases the prevalence difference increased from 5 percentage point (95-percentile CI [-5; 15] percentage point) to 9 percentage point (95-percentile CI [-1; 19] percentage point). All sensitivity analysis produced estimates of the same direction and magnitude, except when grossly violating the assumption of multiple imputation which halved the magnitude of the association.

Conclusions
We found that long-distance migration was associated with an increase in the prevalence of PTSD among newly arrived Syrian refugees and asylum-seekers. This is a first step in examining the effects of migration in refugee health.

Key messages
Long-distance migration was positively associated with prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Syrian refugees. This is a first step to investigate the impact of migration in refugee health.
Inequalities in Utilisation and Provision of Dental Services: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ghanbarzadegan A , Bastani P , Luzzi L , Brennan D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
To explore the main determinants of inequality in both provision and utilisation of dental services in OECD countries.

Methods
Four databases were searched up to 8 Aug 2020 applying the relevant keywords. Thematic analysis was used for synthesizing and extracting data. Trend analysis was applied to determine the trends of the inequality determinants.

Results
Thematic analysis led to 53 sub-sub-themes, 13 sub-themes and 6 main-themes. The main themes represent the main inequality determinants for both utilisation and provision of dental services. The streamgraph illustrates that fewer studies have been conducted on social and cultural determinants, and in almost all determinants the trend of published articles has been increasing since 2007 except for health policies.

Conclusions
Inequality in the utilisation and provision of dental services is addressed by various factors including individual, social, cultural and economic determinants, health policies and availability of services. The first four determinants are related to utilisation and the last two are related to the provision of services. All these aspects must be considered to reduce inequality in dental services.

Key messages
Service Utilisation, Provision and access to service int the dental literature should be distiguished and redefined. Researchers and policymakers should pay attention simultaneously to all structured determinants of inequality in the dental services.
Evaluation of ZnO-NPs in canned seafood by single particle ICP-MS determination
Authors: Copat C , Grasso A , Arena G , Cristaldi A , Oliveri Conti G , Ferrante M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Zinc is a well-known essential micronutrient, widely used as a food supplement, antimicrobial agent and food preservation. NOAEL was established at 50 mg/person per day and an upper limit of 25 mg/person per day was recommended. ZnONPs are GRAS substances approved by FDA. Nanotechnology is an emerging issue because of the industrial widespread use of ZnO nanoparticles and their potential toxicity and bioaccumulation. Aim of this study is to provide information regarding the quantification of ZnO-NPs, which may be intentionally or unintentionally added, in different brands of canned tuna (CT) and canned clam (CC), and to provide a first esteem of dietary exposure. Canned seafood was subjected to an alkaline digestion with TMAH. Assessment of ZnONPs was performed using a NexION 350D with the Syngistix Nano Application software (Perkin Elmer), allowing to identify number of particles, size and size distribution of metal NPs with the simultaneous quantification of the dissolved elemental concentration. Estimated Meal Intake was evaluated for adults by assuming a meal size of 227 g, 70 years old and 70 Kg of b.w. Results revealed a comparable mean size range between the considered food item (CT 69-80 nm; CC 75-83 nm). Concentration of ZnONPs are significantly higher in CC versus CT (CT 3.2-9.8 µg/Kg; CC 7.7-11.3 µg/Kg). The same we found for dissolved Zn concentration (CT 19.1-28.4 mg/Kg; CC 27.4-39.2 mg/Kg). For CT it was estimated an EMI of 0.018 µg/Kg bw for ZnONPs and 79.9 µg/Kg bw for dissolved Zn. For CC it was estimated an EMI of 0.031 µg/Kg bw for ZnONPs and 109 µg/Kg bw for dissolved Zn. Our findings revealed that ZnO-NPs have the potential to bioaccumulate in marine organisms, and seafood could be an important uptake route of ZnONPs. These results are a first important step to understand the ZnONPs human dietary exposure, but the characterization and quantification of ZnONPs is necessary for a large number of food items.

Key messages
The extensive use and discharge of ZnONPs will probably expose human population to concentration higher than the recommended upper limit 25 mg/person per day. The quantification of ZnONPs dietary exposure will be useful for risk assessors in developing provisional tolerable daily intake.
Resistance to veterinary antimicrobials of Staphylococcus aureus from mastitic milk
Authors: Rossi F , Marino L , Pomilio F , Centorotola G , Cornacchia A , Perilli M , Scattolini S , Telera GC , Del Matto I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes is one of the main culprits for the selection of antimicrobial resistant bugs that currently threaten human and animal health. Therefore, surveillance on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) selection trends in animal husbandry is of utmost importance to prevent the spread of resistant bugs to humans. The species Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), that is of particular concern for the spread of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains, often causes mastitis in milk producing animals, thus requiring antibiotic treatment that can impact on the AMR status of this pathogen. With the aim of elucidating the current evolution of AMR in Sa involved in mastitis and the threats posed by the consumption of raw milk or inadequately pasteurized dairy products, data from antimicrobial susceptibility testing carried out on Sa strains from mastitis in years 2013 - 2019 in Molise region, Italy, were analyzed.

Methods
Sa isolates were tested by disk diffusion and inhibition halo sizes were converted in Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) according to the EUCAST standards for the antibiotics there included. One isolate per AMR profile per farm was considered to define the percentage of the antibiotic resistant on the total number of isolates per year.

Results
The number of diagnosed Sa infections per year ranged between seven and nineteen, with a total of 78 isolates from 70 farms. The percentages of those resistant to aminoglycosides kanamycin, neomycin and paromomycin, to the macrolide tylosin and the multi drug resistant (MDR) isolates increased since 2015. The latter ranged between 26.3 and 85.7%.

Conclusions
AMR and MDR Sa in milk producing animals pose a serious risk to public health and needs stricter surveillance.

Key messages
Limiting use of antibiotics is needed to revert the trend. AMR Sa strains in dairy products, need to be kept under control for the strict connection with human health.
Evaluation of a tele-expertise experiment for skin cancer detection: the perspective of GPs
Authors: Terenzi Seixas C , Marrauld L , Bourgueil Y , Sicotte C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The incidence of skin cancer has shown an increasing trend in the world and in France over the last four decades. In this context, the delay to access a specialist opinion strongly impacts the patient outcomes. However, the medical demographics of dermatologists in France have been decreasing over the past years. Hence, a tele-expertise (TLE) experiment for skin tumors detection, which allows general practitioners to obtain feedback from a dermatologist within 7 days using a smartphone application, has been set up in the Hauts-de-France region since 2015. Thus, this study aims at understanding the advantages and drawbacks of TLE in the detection of skin tumors perceived by general practitioners.

Methods
Exploratory study carried out with 15 general practitioners participating in the experiment in the Hauts-de-France region. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between february and april 2021 and analyzed after transcription.

Results
The main advantages perceived by general practitioners are: (i) fast access to a specialized feedback; (ii) formalization of the request and commitment of the dermatologist; (iii) ease of regulating patients to a specialist; (iv) lower travel frequency and stress for patients; (v) ability to send medical information securely. The drawbacks are most related to the lack of functionalities and the graphical user interface of the application.

Conclusions
Tele-expertise is a well accepted technological innovation in dermatology among general practitioners, which enables the best use of the scarce medical resources available in the region and to address the needs of patients. The sustainability of TLE in dermatology and its extension to other territories is possible and desirable.

Key messages
Tele-expertise in dermatology has its place in enabling the early management of malignant skin tumors. The qualitative approach makes it possible to understand general practitioners visions after the introduction of a technological innovation into their practices.
Health status and labour force participation among older workers: a growth curve analysis
Authors: Feer S , Lipps O , Dratva J , Baumann I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We investigate how individual trajectories of health status and labor force participation among older workers in Switzerland are interrelated and how this relationship varies by occupation.

Methods
We use data from the Swiss Household Panel (SHP) to analyze the long-term trajectories of older workers, measured in terms of working hours and general health status. The sample includes more than 7,000 workers aged 50 to 65(men)/64(women). We run a bivariate response multilevel model for growth that allows examining between- and within-individual changes over time.

Results
All occupational groups become more heterogeneous in terms of health status with increasing age. At the same time, working hours decrease in all occupational groups with increasing age. A look at the individual level indicates that the working hours of manual workers seem to be more dependent on their health status compared to those of non-manual workers and that this dependence increases over time. This result confirms our hypothesis that the labor market participation of manual workers is more sensitive to their health status.

Conclusions
Our findings contribute to the debate about the importance of older workers' health in the context of working life extension.

Key messages
All occupational groups become more heterogenous in terms of health status with increasing age, however working hours of manual workers seem to be more dependent on their health status. Manual workers experience a stronger effect of health on working hours and that this effect increases over time, therefore prevention of ill health may be particularly beneficial in manual workers.