bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-locked constructing dynamic supramolecular ionic conductive elastomers with superior toughness, autonomous self-healing and recyclability
Authors: Chen Jing , Gao Yiyang , Shi Lei , Yu Wei , Sun Zongjie , Liu Shuang , Mao Heng , Zhang Dongyang , Chen Quan , Yu Demei , Ding Shujiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Stretchable ionic conductors are considerable to be the most attractive candidate for next-generation flexible ionotronic devices. Nevertheless, high ionic conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, good self-healing capacity and recyclability are necessary but can be rarely satisfied in one material. Herein, we demonstrate a novel ionic conductor design, dynamic supramolecular ionic conductive elastomers (DSICE), via “phase-locked” strategy, wherein “locking soft phase” polyether backbone conducts lithium-ion (Li+) transport and the combination of dynamic disulfide metathesis and stronger supramolecular quadruple hydrogen bonds in the hard domains contributes to the self-healing capacity and mechanical versatility. The dual-phase design performs its own functions and the conflict among ionic conductivity, self-healing capability, and mechanical compatibility can be thus defeated. The well-designed DSICE exhibits high ionic conductivity (3.77×10−3 S m−1 at 30°C), high transparency (92.3%), superior stretchability (2615.17% elongation), strength (27.83 MPa) and toughness (164.36 MJ m−3), excellent self-healing capability (~99% at room temperature) and favorable recyclability. This work provides a new strategy for designing the advanced ionic conductors and offers promise for flexible iontronic devices or solid-state batteries.
De Novo Transcriptome Assembly for Venom Gland in Two Spe-Cies of Spiders (Sinopoda Pengi and Trichonephila Clavata)
Authors: Ding Li jun , Wu Xiu mei , Zhang Cheng gui , Gao Peng fei , Zhang Yan , Zhao Yu , Yang Zi zhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Natural molecules from spider venom are considered potential drugs for diseases including cancer and pain, as well as the development of new biological insecticides for agricultural use. During coevolution in the long-term predator-prey game, spiders have formed a huge molecular diversity of toxins. As of March 1 of 2021, a total of 49,243 spider species had been described, but studies of venom have been performed in only a few hundred of these species due to the difficulty of collecting venom. Two technologies have helped partially dealing with this limitation in the recent past: the screening of cDNA libraries constructed from venom gland mRNAs and the heterologous expression of the coded peptides for functional characterization. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed to describe the predicted toxins of Sinopoda pengi (hereafter S. pengi) and Trichonephila clavata (hereafter T. clavata). The Trinity assembly result in 163,418 transcripts, 114,127 unigene of S. pengi and 125,099 transcripts, 87,084 unigene of T. clavata. A total of 22 and 24 unigenes were identified which were predicted to inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK) toxins from S. pengi and T. clavata, respectively. In summary, molecular templates with potential application value in medical and biological fields were obtained by classifying and characterizing presumed venom components, which lays a foundation for the further study of venom.
Effects of Drought Stress During Critical Periods on Photosynthesis Characteristics and Production Performance of Naked Oat (Avena Nuda. L)
Authors: Zhang Xinjun , Liu Wenting , Lv Yaci , Li Tianliang , Tang Jianzhao , Yang Xiaohong , Bai Jing , Jin Xin , Zhou Haitao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Revealing the effects of drought stress during the critical period on the photosynthetic characteristics and production performance of naked oats could provide theoretical basis for optimizing the water managements and selecting the drought resistance cultivars. In this study, a potted experiment consisting of four water levels was conducted, to investigate the response of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, biomass, yield and yield components of to drought stress during 12-15 days before heading at a typical site in Zhangjiakou. Results showed that the initial chlorophyll fluorescence rate (Fo) increased by 9.03-50.92% under drought stress, while the maximum fluorescence rate (Fm) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased by 8.49-19.73% and 10.37-24.12%. Moreover drought stress decreased the photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs). The CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased under light drought stress, while increased under moderate and severe drought stress. Drought stress during critical periods also had significant impacts on oat yield and yield components. Oat yields decreased by 9.5-12.7%, 16.8-27.0% and 44.1-47.7% under light, moderate and sever drought stress, respectively. The yield components such as grains per spike, 1000-grain weight were decreased by 1.7-12.5%, 8.3-24.3%, 32.7-34.2% and 5.7-8.6%, 12.7-14.5%, 16.8-19.1% under light, moderate and severe drought stress, respectively. But the Spike numbers were not signifigantly different between different treatments. Our study explored the impacts of drought stress on the photosynthetic characteristics and production performance of naked oats, which had significance for enhancing the production efficiency for oat under drought stress.
Measurement For Gap Balancing Technique In Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Large Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Xuequan Zhao , Bin Zhao , Shuzhang Yao , Kanduo Cao , Chongxi Ren 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Many traditional methods are available to prevent unbalance of extension and flexion gap during total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but there are no reports on the use of measurement and positioning method before tibial osteotomy with self-made tools.We designed a self-made tool measuring the location before tibial osteotomy and determined the clinical effect.Methods: The retrospective study included patients who received TKA at our hospital, between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015. A new method, named as the measurement and localization before osteotomy with self-made tools, was developed to measure the osteotomy position of the posterior femoral condyle during TKA. They were divided into two groups, one that received the new method (GroupⅠ), and the other that received the traditional method as a control (GroupⅡ). HSS score, Oxford score, VAS score and knee joint activity were evaluated in two groups.Results: One hundred and eighty-seven of 210 eligible patients were included. The function of knee joint in all patients was improved and the pain was obviously relieved. Significant differences were found in the HSS score, Oxford score, VAS score, knee joint activity between two groups at 5-year follow-up (p<0.05).Conclusions: The biomet knee prosthesis was selected for all intraoperative implants. All operations were completed by the same senior surgeon.The use of self-made tools may contribute to improve the balance between flexion and extension gaps as well as the balance between internal and external gaps during TKA, and overcome knee flexion instability.
Efficient Plant Regeneration System for New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens Hawkeri W. Bull) CV. ‘Violet’and ‘Scarlet Bronze Leaf’
Authors: Zhang Di , Wei Jie , Zhou Min , Li Yang , Li Xin Yi , Wen Yong Hui , Huang Mei Juan , Huang Hai Quan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri W. Bull) is an eye-popping landscaping plant which is of bright and colorful blooms. A highly efficient in vitro plant regeneration system through direct shoot organogenesis was established for the first time from hypocotyl with partial cotyledons of New Guinea Impatiens. The results showed that Explant sterilization method, basic medium type,AgNO3,sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) have greatly influences on in vitro morphogenesis.The regeneration rate in regeneration media that MS supplemented with 0.5mg·L−1 TDZ and 0.1mg·L−1 NAA was acceptable ,the induction rate of 'Violet' was 86.67%, and its proliferation coefficient was 5.27, while the induction rate of 'Scarlet Bronze Leaf' was 83.33%, and its proliferation coefficient was 5.13.PIC was unable to induce clumped sprouts, but it had a better effect on callus induction.We also included a shoot multiplication stage using regeneration New Guinea Impatiens medium that MS supplemented with 0.8mg·L−1 6-BA,0.5mg·L−1 TDZ and 0.05mg ·L−1 NAA.Reducing sucrose concentration to 20g·L−1 or adding 1mg·L−1AgNO3 could alleviate the vitrification phenomenon in the process of tufted bud proliferation.The optimal root culture medium for the regenerated seedlings of 'violet' and 'scarlet bronze leaf' of New Guinea Impatiens was MS supplemented with 0.05mg·L−1IBA, the rooting rate reached 100%.The study examined the micropropagation responses of New Guinea Impatiens in the presence of various growth regulators and provided a simple and more suitable protocol adapted for the mass propagation of clones.
Clinical Effectiveness of Percutaneous Full-endoscopy Spine Surgery Combined With Holmium Laser in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Guo Song , Zhu Kai , Qiang Fu , Yan Meiju , Hang Donghua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Oxidative stress has been considered a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of lumbar disc degeneration, which can lead to the severe lower back pain. Inhibition of the excessive oxidative stress has become a therapeutic target for controlling discogenic lower back pain. Recently, more studies have shown that holmium laser can effectively suppress oxidative stress. This work aims to study the clinical outcomes of percutaneous full-endoscopy spine surgery combined with holmium laser for treating symptomatic lumbar disc degeneration (IDD). Methods We designed and conducted a retrospective study on the patients with lumbar disc herniation who had been treated by percutaneous full-endoscopy spine surgery at Shanghai General Hospital from June 2018 to March 2020. The patients were divided into group A (holmium laser treatment group) and group B (Elliquence radiofrequency group) according to the medical record. Operation time and hospitalization time of both groups were recorded and compared. Additionally, VAS scores and ODI scores were used to evaluate the lower back pain, lower extremity radiation pain and quality of life before and 3 days, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. Results Forty-five patients were included in group A while the other 55 patients were included in group B. Operation time of group A was significantly shorter than that of group B (40.60±5.59 minutes vs. 50.80±3.19 minutes). VAS scores of lower back pain and lower extremity radiation pain at postoperative 3 days, 6 months, and 12 months were significantly lower than those before surgery in both groups. The postoperative lower back pain VAS scores of group A were significantly lower than those of group B, while the postoperative lower extremity radiation pain VAS scores had no significant difference between both groups. The ODI scores of both groups at postoperative 3 days, 6 months, and 12 months were significantly lower than those before surgery. Conclusions These findings confirmed that application of holmium laser can significantly improve the clinical outcomes in percutaneous full-endoscopy spine surgery.
Segment IV Approach is Useful for Whole-Layer Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Gallbladder Polyps
Authors: Tanji Yoshiaki , Fujioka Shuichi , Shiozaki Hironori , Takano Yuki , Takahashi Naoto , Iwasaki Taizo , Yuda Masami , Kitagawa Kazuo , Hiramoto Yuki , Yoshioka Satoshi , Kaji Mutsumi , Kurita Sayumi , Odaka Makoto , Tsukamoto Yo , Shigemori Rintaro , Miyake Ryo , Imawari Yoshimi , Ito Eisaku , Nakagawa Hikaru , Baba Yuji , Ishizaki Shunta , Toya Naoki , Ikegami Toru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Whole-layer laparoscopic cholecystectomy (W-LC) has recently been advocated as a total biopsy for potentially malignant neoplasms of the gallbladder; however, it is not an injury-proof procedure. This study reports W-LC using the segment IV approach (technique for securing the whole-layer gallbladder at the medial origin of the cystic plate).MethodsTwenty among twenty-five patients diagnosed with potentially malignant gallbladder polyps underwent this technique.ResultsMostly, W-LC was performed successfully (median operative time 135 min) without intraoperative and postoperative complications. Pathological findings indicated that cholesteric polyps was the most common type (n=13), followed by adenomatous polyps (25%) and carcinoma in situ (5%).ConclusionsWe conclude that the segment IV approach is appropriate for performing total biopsy in patients diagnosed with potentially malignant gallbladder polyps.
Study and Optimization of Field Limiting Rings for 10kV SiC Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
Authors: Ma Hongming , Zhang Wenyuan , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A 10kV-level silicon carbide (SiC) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with field limiting rings (FLRs) is designed and simulated with Sentaurus TCAD, the detailed optimization method and comparisons are presented in this paper. Linearly varying spacing between rings is introduced to SiC IGBT and adjustment is performed on width of rings, the final structure achieves a breakdown voltage over 12kV with a termination length of 164.5 µm , which is 69.93% lower than that of conventional structure with a fixed ring spacing. Moreover, the final design can decrease the sensitivity to the interface charges, the tolerance to positive surface charges exceeds 8 × 10 11 cm − 2 , which is 3.5 times that of the conventional structure. Besides, double pulse measurements prove no degradation of conduction and switching characteristics.
A GDPase/UDPase Bifunctional Enzyme From Candida Albicans: Purification and Biochemical Characterization
Authors: Bibián-García Jaime Alberto , Ortiz-Ramírez Jorge Armando , Almanza-Villegas Lilia Maritza , Cano-Canchola Ma. del Carmen , Cuéllar-Cruz Mayra , López-Romero Everardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The most frequently isolated human fungal pathogen is Candida albicans which is responsible for about 50% of all Candida infections. In healthy individuals, this organism resides as a part of the normal microbiota in equilibrium with the host. However, under certain conditions, particularly in immunocompromised patients, this opportunistic pathogen adheres to host cells causing serious systemic infections. Thus, much effort has been dedicated to the study of its physiology with emphasis on factors associated to pathogenicity. A representative analysis deals with the mechanisms of glycoprotein assembly as many cell surface antigens and other macromolecules that modulate the immune system fall within this chemical category. In this regard, studies of the terminal protein glycosylation stage which occurs in Golgi vesicles has led to the identification of nucleotidases that convert glycosyltransferase-generated dinucleotides into the corresponding mononucleotides, thus playing a double function: their activity prevent inhibition of further glycosyl transfer by the accumulation of dinucleotides and the resulting mononucleotides are exchanged by specific membrane transporters for equimolecular amounts of sugar donors from the cytosol. Here, using a simple protocol for protein separation we isolated a bifunctional nucleotidase from C. albicans active on GDP and UDP that was characterized in terms of its molecular mass, response to bivalent ions and other factors, substrate specificity and affinity. Results are discussed in terms of the similarities and differences of this nucleotidase with similar counterparts from other organisms thus contributing to the knowledge of a bifunctional diphosphatase not described before in C. albicans.
Evaluating COVID-19 booster vaccination strategies in a partially vaccinated population: a modeling study.
Authors: Massonnaud Clément , Roux Jonathan , Colizza Vittoria , Crépey Pascal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background.
Several countries are implementing COVID-19 booster vaccination campaigns. The objective of this study was to model the impact of different primary and booster vaccination strategies.
Methods.
We used a compartmental model fitted to hospital admission data in France to analyze the impact of primary and booster vaccination strategies on morbidity and mortality, assuming waning of immunity and various levels of virus transmissibility during winter.
Results.
Strategies prioritizing primary vaccinations were systematically more effective than strategies prioritizing boosters. Regarding booster strategies targeting different age groups, their effectiveness varied with immunity and virus transmissibility levels. If waining of immunity affects all adults, people aged 30 to 49 years should be boosted in priority, even for low transmissibility levels.
Discussion.
Increasing the primary vaccination coverage should remain a priority. If a plateau has been reached, boosting immunity of younger adults could be the most effective strategy, especially if SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility is high.
Long-Term Case-Fatality Rate of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease in People Living with HIV
Authors: Hu Jingjing , Gu Ling , Shao Yueming , Zhang Renfang , Qi Tangkai , Sun Jianjun , Wang Zhenyan , Song Wei , Tang Yang , Wang Jiangrong , Xu Shuibao , Yang Junyang , Shen Yinzhong , Liu Li , Chen Jun , Lu Hongzhou 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Few data are available regarding the long-term case-fatality rate (CFR) among people living with HIV (PLWH) with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease.
Objectives
To analyze the long-term CFR in patients with NTM disease and to identify risk factors for their death.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 379 cases of microbiologically confirmed NTM disease in PLWH was conducted during January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2020 in Shanghai, China. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test to compare long-term CFR in patients with disseminated NTM (DNTM) and localized NTM disease. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to estimate the predictors of long-term CFR.
Results
The cohort was follow-up for a median of 26 months. The total CFR was 15.7% by one year and increased to 22.6% at 5 years after the diagnosis of NTM disease. The 5-year CFR of PLWH with DNTM was significantly higher than that of localized NTM (26.7% vs. 19.6% for DNTM and localized NTM disease, respectively). Older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.06, P < 0.001), comorbidity (HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.21-3.49, P < 0.01), DNTM (HR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.17-3.68, P < 0.05), and HIV viral load (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12-1.55, P < 0.001) were all independent risk factors of long-term CFR. In the subgroup analysis, time to culture positivity was negatively correlated with CFR in patients with DNTM (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98, P < 0.05).
Conclusions
NTM was associated with significantly high long-term CFR in PLWH. Further approaches to prevent NTM disease in PLWH are urgently needed.
A mechanically strong and ductile soft magnet with ultralow coercivity
Authors: Raabe Dierk , Han Liuliu , Fernando Fernando , Filho Isnaldi Souza , Peter Nicolas , Wei Ye , Gault Baptiste , Gutfleisch Oliver , Li Zhiming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soft magnetic materials (SMMs) are indispensable components in electrified applications and sustainable energy supply, allowing permanent magnetic flux variations in response to high frequency changes of the applied magnetic field, at lowest possible energy loss1. The global trend towards electrification of transport, households and manufacturing leads to a massive increase in energy consumption due to hysteresis losses2. Therefore, minimizing coercivity, which scales the losses in SMMs, is crucial3. Yet, meeting this target alone is not enough: SMMs used for instance in vehicles and planes must withstand severe mechanical loads, i.e., the alloys need high strength and ductility4. This is a fundamental design challenge, as most methods that enhance strength introduce stress fields that can pin magnetic domains, thus increasing coercivity and hysteretic losses5. Here, we introduce a new approach to overcome this dilemma. We have designed a Fe-Co-Ni-Ta-Al multicomponent alloy with ferromagnetic matrix and paramagnetic coherent nanoparticles of well-controlled size (~91 nm) and high volume fraction (55%). They impede dislocation motion, enhancing strength and ductility. Yet, their small size, low coherency stress and small magnetostatic energy create an interaction volume below the magnetic domain wall width, leading to minimal domain wall pinning, thus maintaining the material’s soft magnetic properties. The new material exhibits an excellent combination of mechanical and magnetic properties outperforming other multicomponent alloys and conventional SMMs. It has a tensile strength of ~1336 MPa at 54% tensile elongation, an extremely low coercivity of ~78 A/m (<1 Oe) and a saturation magnetization of ~100 Am2/kg. The work opens new perspectives on developing magnetically soft and mechanically strong and ductile materials for the sustainable electrification of industry and society.
Peanut/Cotton Intercropping Increases Productivity and Economic Returns by Regulating Nutrient Accumulation and Soil Microbial Communities Under both Normal and Saline Soil Conditions
Authors: Xie Wei , Zhang Kai , Wang Xiaoying , Zou Xiaoxia , Zhang Xiaojun , Yu Xiaona , Wang Yuefu , Si Tong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Intercropping has been widely adopted by farmers for it often enhances crop productivity and economic returns; however, the underpinning mechanisms from the perspective of belowground interspecific interactions are only partly understood especially when intercropping under saline soil conditions. By using permeable (100 µm) and impermeable (solid) root barriers in a multi-site field experiment, we aimed to study the impact of root-root interactions on nutrient accumulation, soil microbial communities, crop yield, and economic returns in a peanut/cotton intercropping system under non-saline, secondary-saline, and coastal saline soil conditions.
Results
The results indicate that intercropping (IC) decreased the peanut pods yield while increased the seed cotton yield, and consequently enhanced the economic returns compared with monoculture of peanut (MP) and cotton (MC). The higher accumulations of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were also observed in IC not only in the soil but also in vegetative tissues and reproductive organs. Bacterial community structure analysis under normal growth conditions reveals that IC dramatically altered the soil bacterial abundance composition in both peanut and cotton strips of the top soil whereas the bacterial diversity was barely affected compared with MP and MC. At blossom-needling stage, the metabolic functional features of the bacterial communities such as fatty acid biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of ansamycins were significantly enriched in MP compared with other treatments. Conversely, these metabolic functional features were dramatically depleted in MP while significantly enriched in IC at podding stage. Permeable root barrier treatments (NC-P and NC-C) counteracted the benefits of IC and the side effects were more pronounced in impermeable treatments (SC-P and SC-C).
Conclusion
Peanut/cotton intercropping increases crop yield as well as economic returns under non-saline, secondary-saline, and coastal saline soil conditions probably by modulating the soil bacterial abundance composition and accelerating nutrients accumulation.