bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal spawning patterns and early growth of Japanese sardine in the western North Pacific during the recent stock increase
Authors: Niino Yohei , Furuichi Sho , Kamimura Yasuhiro , Yukami Ryuji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpatiotemporal patterns in spawning of fish influence growth and survival by affecting the environment experienced by offspring during their early life stages. Therefore, identifying changes in spawning patterns can help researchers understand population dynamics and recruitment fluctuations. The Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus is a small pelagic fish that undergoes large stock fluctuations. Although spawning patterns are known to change spatially and temporally with stock abundance, little information is available on the processes underlying stock increases. This study aimed to describe changes in spawning pattern and early growth of Japanese sardine during the recent period of stock increase and to clarify the effects of different spawning periods on offspring growth. We examined trends in egg abundance in the western North Pacific in 2004–2018 and analyzed hatch dates and growth trajectories by otolith microstructure analysis of juveniles from the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region (the species’ main nursery area). During the study period, the main spawning area shifted from the western to the eastern part of this region off Japan, and spawning in the eastern part roughly coincided with juvenile hatch dates. Hatch dates also shifted from mid‐March at the earliest to February and early March from 2013 onward. Although early‐hatched cohorts (which originate offshore of eastern Japan) experienced slower initial growth, they likely played an important role in the recent stock increase. Successful recruitment of these cohorts may have been facilitated by factors such as early hatching and transport to the nursery, which reduces the frequency of predator encounters.
Performance of a clinical risk prediction model for inhibitor formation in severe haemophilia A
Authors: Hassan Shermarke , Palla Roberta , Valsecchi Carla , Garagiola Isabella , El‐Beshlawy Amal , Elalfy Mohsen , Ramanan Vijay , Eshghi Peyman , Karimi Mehran , Gouw Samantha Claudia , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio , Rosendaal Frits Richard , Peyvandi Flora ,   SIPPET study group
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to identify patients with haemophilia who have a very low or high risk of developing inhibitors. These patients could be candidates for personalized treatment strategies.AimsThe aim of this study was to externally validate a previously published prediction model for inhibitor development and to develop a new prediction model that incorporates novel predictors.MethodsThe population consisted of 251 previously untreated or minimally treated patients with severe haemophilia A enrolled in the SIPPET study. The outcome was inhibitor formation. Model discrimination was measured using the C‐statistic, and model calibration was assessed with a calibration plot. The new model was internally validated using bootstrap resampling.ResultsFirstly, the previously published prediction model was validated. It consisted of three variables: family history of inhibitor development, F8 gene mutation and intensity of first treatment with factor VIII (FVIII). The C‐statistic was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.46–0.60), and calibration was limited. Furthermore, a new prediction model was developed that consisted of four predictors: F8 gene mutation, intensity of first treatment with FVIII, the presence of factor VIII non‐neutralizing antibodies before treatment initiation and lastly FVIII product type (recombinant vs. plasma‐derived). The C‐statistic was 0.66 (95 CI: 0.57–0.75), and calibration was moderate. Using a model cut‐off point of 10%, positive‐ and negative predictive values were 0.22 and 0.95, respectively.ConclusionPerformance of all prediction models was limited. However, the new model with all predictors may be useful for identifying a small number of patients with a low risk of inhibitor formation.
Cardiac, biochemical and histopathological analysis reveals impaired heart function in hypertensive rats with apical periodontitis
Authors: Milojevic Samanovic Andjela , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Vasovic Miroslav , Mitrovic Slobodanka , Rankovic Marina , Mihajlovic Katarina , Bolevich Sergey , Zivkovic Vladimir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between experimentally induced apical periodontitis (AP) and heart function in hypertensive rats.MethodologyForty‐eight normotensive Wistar albino and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were divided into four equal groups: control (C), normotensive with AP (AP), SHR and SHR with AP (SHR + AP). AP was induced on the first right mandibular molars by exposing the pulp chambers to the oral environment for four weeks and confirmed radiographically. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, whilst hearts were isolated and perfused according to the Langendorff technique gradually increasing coronary perfusion pressures 40–120 cmH2O. The hemimandibles were analysed radiographically (mm2 and pixels) to verify the presence of AP. Biomarkers of cardiac oxidative stress (OS) were determined in coronary venous effluent and cardiac tissue homogenate. Cardiac tissue was analysed histopathologically for signs of heart damage (oedema, fibrosis and necrosis). All data were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and one‐way anova tests (p < .05).ResultsThe levels of the maximum left ventricular pressure development rate of the SHR + AP group were significantly increased compared to the AP and C groups, and of the SHR group compared with the C group (p < .05). The levels of the minimum left ventricular pressure development rate of the SHR + AP group were significantly decreased compared to the AP, SHR and C groups, and of the SHR group compared to the C group (p < .05). The radiographic AP area was significantly larger in the SHR + AP group than in the AP group (p < .01). The levels of superoxide anion were significantly higher in the SHR + AP group than in the AP, SHR and C groups (p < .05). The activities of superoxide dismutase in cardiac tissue homogenate were significantly lower in the SHR + AP and AP groups compared with the SHR and C groups (p < .05).ConclusionsIn rats, AP was associated with impaired cardiodynamics, disturbed cardiac OS, antioxidant defence and cardiac pathologic changes in hypertensive conditions. Hypertension was associated with an increase in the AP radiographic area. Further studies should confirm whether root canal treatment can have a cardioprotective effect and reduce cardiac OS in hypertensive conditions.
Ultrasonic vibration and thermo‐hydrodynamic technique for filling root canals: Technical overview and a case series
Authors: Cho Yong‐Sik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo present a novel root canal filling technique: Ultrasonic Vibration & Thermo‐Hydrodynamic Obturation (VibraTHO), and its rationale with a series of cases.SummaryThe VibraTHO technique was used to fill the root canals of three clinically challenging cases: A C‐shaped mandibular molar with complex anatomy, a C‐shaped mandibular molar with an infected root canal system and a periapical lesion that required retreatment, and apically bifurcating mesiobuccal canals with a common orifice in a maxillary second molar. The cases were followed up for 15, 7 and 37 months, respectively. After follow‐up, normal periapical status was observed without any noticeable radiographic change in the root canal fillings in each case. Periapical radiographs revealed complete healing of the periapical area in cases with pre‐operative periapical lesions.
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale for family members with oral cancer
Authors: Cheng Jen‐Chan , Chang Tzu‐Ting , Wang Ling‐Wei , Liang Shu‐Yuan , Hsu Shu‐Chen , Wu Shu‐Fang , Wang Tsae‐Jyy , Liu Chieh‐Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to develop and initially assess the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer (CSES‐OC).MethodsIn total, 28 items in the Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer were originally employed for a reliability and validity test based on expert suggestions and qualitative findings. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test–retest reliability were evaluated with the pilot sample, which included 30 caregivers. The main test, which included 107 caregivers during May 2016 to 2018, was used to execute the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and concurrent validity.ResultsThe results of the main test showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .95 for the revised 18‐item total scale after EFA. Four factors (acquiring resources, managing sudden and uncertain patient conditions, managing patient‐related nutritional issues and exploring and making decisions on patient care) were classified from EFA of the Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer. The r coefficient was .59 (P < .01), which supported the concurrent validity between CSES‐OC and General Self‐Efficacy Scale.ConclusionThe study results show appropriate psychometric properties for the Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer that was constructed for evaluating caregiver caregiving self‐efficacy in caring for family members with oral cancer.
Human transitional and IgMlow mature naïve B cells preserve permissive B‐cell receptors
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Jara Christopher J , Singh Mandeep , Xu Huji , Goodnow Christopher C , Jackson Katherine JL , Reed Joanne H 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe level of immunoglobulin M (IgM) displayed on the surface of peripheral blood B cells exhibits a broad dynamic range and has been associated with both development and selection. To determine whether IgM surface expression associates with distinct immunoglobulin heavy‐chain (IGH) repertoire properties, we performed deep IgM sequencing of peripheral blood transitional and mature naïve B cells in the upper and lower quartiles of surface IgM expression for 12 healthy donors. Mature naïve B cells within the lowest quartile for surface IgM expression displayed more diverse IGH features including increased complementarity‐determining region 3 length, IGHJ6 segment usage and aromatic amino acids compared with mature naïve B cells with high surface IgM. There were no differences between IGH repertoires for transitional B cells with high or low surface IgM. These findings suggest that a selection checkpoint during progression of transitional to mature naïve B cells reduces the breadth of the IGH repertoire among high surface IgM B cells but that diversity is preserved in B cells expressing low levels of surface IgM.
The parasite cytokine mimic Hp‐TGM potently replicates the regulatory effects of TGF‐β on murine CD4+ T cells
Authors: White Madeleine P J , Smyth Danielle J , Cook Laura , Ziegler Steven F , Levings Megan K , Maizels Rick M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) family proteins mediate many vital biological functions in growth, development and regulation of the immune system. TGF‐β itself controls immune homeostasis and inflammation, including conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the presence of interleukin‐2 and T‐cell receptor ligands. The helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus exploits this pathway through a structurally novel TGF‐β mimic (Hp‐TGM), which binds to mammalian TGF‐β receptors and induces Tregs. Here, we performed detailed comparisons of Hp‐TGM with mammalian TGF‐β. Compared with TGF‐β, Hp‐TGM induced greater numbers of Foxp3+ Tregs (iTregs), with more intense Foxp3 expression. Both ligands upregulated Treg functional markers CD73, CD103 and programmed death‐ligand 1, but Hp‐TGM induced significantly higher CD39 expression than did TGF‐β. Interestingly, in contrast to canonical TGF‐β signaling through Smad2/3, Hp‐TGM stimulation was slower and more sustained. Gene expression profiles induced by TGF‐β and Hp‐TGM were remarkably similar, and both types of iTregs suppressed T‐cell responses in vitro and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis‐driven inflammation in vivo. In vitro, both types of iTregs were equally stable under inflammatory conditions, but Hp‐TGM‐induced iTregs were more stable in vivo during dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis, with greater retention of Foxp3 expression and lower conversion to a ROR‐γt+ phenotype. Altogether, results from this study suggest that the parasite cytokine mimic, Hp‐TGM, may deliver a qualitatively different signal to CD4+ T cells with downstream consequences for the long‐term stability of iTregs. These data highlight the potential of Hp‐TGM as a new modulator of T‐cell responses in vitro and in vivo.
Leptin receptor is a key gene involved in the immunopathogenesis of thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy
Authors: Chen Ziyi , Chen Zhe , Wang Jingya , Zhang Meng , Wang Xiaofei , Cuomu Deji , Shi Bingyin , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), the most common and severe manifestation of Graves' disease (GD), is a disfiguring and potentially blinding autoimmune disease. The high relapse rate (up to 20%) and substantial side effects of glucocorticoid treatment further decrease the life quality of TAO patients. To develop novel therapies, we amid to explore the immunopathogenesis of TAO. To identify the key immune‐related genes (IRGs) in TAO, we integrated the IRG expression profiles in thyrocytes from a GD patient set (GD vs healthy control) and a TAO patient set (TAO vs GD). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein‐protein interaction (PPI) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses identified the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene as the key IRG in TAO immunopathogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested enrichment of the antigen presentation pathway in TAO patients with higher LEPR. Increased LEPR expression was validated in TAO orbital tissues, and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that cell adhesion processes were positively correlated with LEPR. Our study revealed that LEPR is a key gene in TAO immunopathogenesis and plays different roles in thyrocytes and orbital tissues. Our findings provide new insights into diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for TAO.
How Transmembrane Inner Ear (TMIE) plays role in the auditory system: A mystery to us
Authors: Farhadi Mohammad , Razmara Ehsan , Balali Maryam , Hajabbas Farshchi Yeganeh , Falah Masoumeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDifferent cellular mechanisms contribute to the hearing sense, so it is obvious that any disruption in such processes leads to hearing impairment that greatly influences the global economy and quality of life of the patients and their relatives. In the past two decades, transmembrane inner ear (TMIE) protein has received a great deal of research interest because its impairments cause hereditary deafness in humans. This evolutionarily conserved membrane protein contributes to a fundamental complex that plays role in the maintenance and function of the sensory hair cells. Although the critical roles of the TMIE in mechanoelectrical transduction or hearing procedures have been discussed, there are little to no review papers summarizing the roles of the TMIE in the auditory system. In order to fill this gap, herein, we discuss the important roles of this protein in the auditory system including its role in mechanotransduction, olivocochlear synapse, morphology and different signalling pathways; we also review the genotype‐phenotype correlation that can per se show the possible roles of this protein in the auditory system.
Association between glycemic control and cardiovascular events in older Japanese adults with diabetes mellitus: An analysis of the Japanese medical administrative database
Authors: Yokote Koutaro , Suzuki Ryo , Gouda Maki , Iijima Hiroaki , Yamazaki Akiko , Inagaki Masaya 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and cardiovascular events in older adults was investigated using a Japanese administrative medical database.Materials and MethodsAnonymized medical data on patients with diabetes mellitus aged ≥65 years for the period from January 2010 to December 2019 were extracted from the EBM Provider database. The primary end‐point was a composite of cardiovascular events, whereas the other end‐points included severe hypoglycemia and fracture. The association between cardiovascular events and HbA1c at the index date (i.e., approximately 10 months after initial diabetes mellitus diagnosis) was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAmong the 3,186,751 patients in the database, 3,946 older adults with diabetes mellitus were eligible for inclusion and were subsequently grouped according to HbA1c quartiles at the index date. Cardiovascular events occurred in 142 patients. Patients with HbA1c in the highest quartile had significantly higher risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease than those with HbA1c in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio 1.948; 95% confidence interval 1.252–3.031, P = 0.003). However, the events risk was similar across subgroups with HbA1c <7.2%. The incidence of hypoglycemia and fracture was not significantly associated with the level of glycemic control.ConclusionsAmong older adults with diabetes mellitus, those with poor glycemic control were at higher risk for cardiovascular events compared with those with better glycemic control. However, strict glycemic control had no effect on cardiovascular risk in patients with HbA1c <7.2%.
Childhood atopic dermatitis is associated with a decreased chance of completing education later in life: a register‐based cohort study
Authors: Pálsson K. , Slagor R.M. , Flachs E.M. , Nørreslet L.B. , Agner T. , Ebbehøj N.E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) has far‐reaching consequences in childhood and later in working life, but information on how it affects completion of education is sparse.ObjectivesTo compare the educational achievement of individuals with AD in childhood/adolescence and individuals without a history of AD.MethodsThe study population included patients diagnosed with AD prior to the age of 16 registered in the Danish National Patient Register (DNPR) born in the period 1977–1993 and a 23‐fold matched control group from the background population. Cross‐linkage of five different Danish registers from 1977 to 2015 allowed comparison of AD patients with controls regarding completion of education.ResultsIn total, 10 173 individuals were registered with AD in the DNPR, while 234 683 individuals served as control group. Mild/moderate AD was associated with a decreased chance of completing basic compulsory education [hazard ratios (HR): 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90–0.95] and further academic education (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.98). Severe AD was associated with a decreased chance of completing further academic education (HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.92), further vocational education (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84–0.97) and higher education: master's level (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.53–0.81).ConclusionAtopic dermatitis in childhood/adolescence is associated with a decreased chance of completing an education.
Mapping risk factors for cumulative life course impairment in patients with chronic skin diseases – a systematic review
Authors: von Stülpnagel C.C. , Augustin M. , Düpmann L. , da Silva N. , Sommer R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients with chronic skin diseases suffer from physical and psychosocial impairments which can lead to a cumulative life‐long burden. Therefore, the concept of cumulative life course impairment (CLCI) was introduced, referring to the non‐reversible damage due to the persistent life‐long burden. This systematic review (PROSPERO registry number: CRD42020179141) aimed at mapping the risk factors and the associated burden over time in patients with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Three electronic databases were searched (date of the last search: December 2019). Studies with a longitudinal study design that assessed the association between a risk factor and the associated burden over time in patients with psoriasis, AD and HS were included. Quality assessment of the included studies was done using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists. In total, 40 publications reflecting 25 different studies were included: nine studies addressed patients with psoriasis, 13 patients with AD, two studies included patients with HS and one study enrolled patients with psoriasis and AD, respectively. Twenty‐two potential risk factors with underlying evidence were found in this review. These risk factors include mainly sociodemographic (such as age or gender) and clinical (such as disease severity or comorbidities) variables. Disease severity and comorbidities were the most often studied risk factors, while only a few studies evaluated psychosocial risk factors over time. Patients with chronic skin diseases are at high risk to develop a life‐long negative impact from the disease. However, there is a lack of data that evaluates the psychosocial burden and its influence on the patients’ life course over time. The risk factors found in this review help to identify patients at risk, to treat them adequately and, ultimately, to prevent CLCI. These results can be the basis to develop a highly needed tool to assess the risk for CLCI in the future.
The role of miRNAs in MDMX‐p53 interplay
Authors: Yu Dehua , Xu Zhiyuan , Cheng Xiangdong , Qin Jiangjiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs of 19‐24 nucleotides in length and are tightly related to tumorigenesis and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that the tumor suppressor p53 and its negative controller MDMX are regulated by miRNAs in different ways. Some miRNAs directly target p53 and regulate its expression and function, whereas some miRNAs target MDMX and regulate p53's activity indirectly. The overexpression of several miRNAs can restore the activity of p53 by negatively regulating MDMX in cancer cells. Therefore, a better understanding of the miRNAs‐MDMX‐p53 network will put forward potential research directions for developing anticancer therapeutics. In the present review, we mainly focus on the regulatory effects of miRNAs on the MDMX‐p53 interplay as well as the role of the miRNAs‐MDMX‐p53 network in human cancer.
Comparative analysis of routed flood frequency for reservoirs in parallel incorporating bivariate flood frequency and reservoir operation
Authors: Zhou Ting , Jin Juliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFlood frequency is commonly defined by natural flood characteristics such as flood peak, volume and duration. However, for floods at reservoir site, reservoir operation will significantly alter the natural flood process and flood frequency. This article presents a framework of routed flood frequency which incorporates multi‐reservoir flood correlation and considers the effect of reservoir operation. Aggregated flood volume during reservoir operation has been adopted as indicator for the routed flood frequency curve (RFFC). A comparison has been made with a 62‐year series of historic flood inflows observed at two parallel reservoirs in Eastern China. By comparing the derived RFFC with traditional univariate and bivariate flood frequency results, it can be seen that the RFFC results provide a reasonable estimation of flood frequency. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the reservoir maximum release allocation has significant impact on RFFC, and a balanced allocation of flood peak can greatly decrease the overtopping risk. The “peak–peak” contour lines of the RFFC show that there are different flood combination zones which need different operation strategies in real‐time operation. Our findings improve the understanding of flood frequency concepts when considering the impact of reservoir operation and provide reference to manage real‐time reservoir operation.