bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Efficacy of Oral Insulin Sensitizers Metformin, Thiazolidinediones, Inositol, and Berberine in Improving Endocrine and Metabolic Profiles in Women With Pcos: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Han , Xing Chuan , Zhang Jiaqi , He Bing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMultiple oral insulin-sensitizing agents, such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositols, and berberine, have been proven safe and efficacious in improving the endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive abnormalities seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), providing more options for healthcare providers and patients. These oral insulin sensitizers are more convenient, practical, and economic than agents that need to be injected. A comparison of the clinical effectiveness of the four different classes of oral insulin sensitizers in PCOS has not been explored, leading to clinical uncertainty about the optimal treatment pathway. The present study aims to compare the effects of oral insulin sensitizers on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS.MethodsWe identified randomized controlled trials for PCOS from a variety of databases, published from January 2005 to October 2020. Outcomes included changes in menstrual frequency, improvements in hyperandrogenism and glucolipid metabolism and adverse side effects. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty-two trials comprising 1079 patients with PCOS were included in this study. Compared with metformin, treatment with Myo-inositol + D-chiro-inositol was associated with a greater improvement in menstrual frequency (odds ratio 14.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31-93.58]). Myo-inositol + D-chiro-inositol and metformin + thiazolidinediones combination therapies were superior to respective monotherapies in reducing total testosterone levels. Thiazolidinediones, metformin + thiazolidinediones, and myo-inositol + D-chiro-inositol were associated with a lower insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) compared with that in metformin alone (mean differences: -0.72 [95% CI (-1.11)- (-0.34)] to -0.89 [95% CI (-1.460)- (-0.32)]). Metformin + thiazolidinediones treatment was associated with lower triglyceride levels compared with that in metformin and thiazolidinediones monotherapy, while thiazolidinediones was superior to metformin in increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and gastrointestinal adverse events. ConclusionsOurs is the first study to report that for women with PCOS, Myo-inositol combined with D-chiro-inositol and metformin combined with thiazolidinediones appear superior to metformin alone in improving insulin resistance and decreasing total testosterone. Myo-inositol combined with D-chiro-inositol is particularly efficacious in menstrual recovery. Thiazolidinediones and metformin combined with thiazolidinediones improve lipid metabolism better than metformin alone. Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42020211524
Nitrogen radical-triggered trifunctionalizing ipso-spirocyclization of unactivated alkenes with vinyl azides towards new spiroaminal frameworks
Authors: Qi Zhongyu , Zhang Zhijie , Yang Li , Zhang Di , Wei Siping , Fu Qiang , Du Xi , Yi Dong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Radical-mediated spirocyclization is a powerful and efficient tool to forge complex spirocyclic frameworks. Radical-mediated non-dearomative double-cyclization of linear precursors for the concomitant construction of both rings is more challenging but highly attractive. Herein, we report the first example of non-dearomative trifunctionalizing ipso-spirocyclization of unactivated alkenes through photoredox-catalyzed, nitrogen radical-triggered cyclization-trapping-translocation-cyclization cascade, providing a single-step modular access to architecturally new and fascinating spiroaminal frameworks through simultaneous formation of one C−C bond and two geminal C−N bonds. The developed protocol utilizes not only internal or terminal olefinic oxime esters but also olefinic amides as nitrogen radical precursors, and features broad substrate scope, varied functional group compatibility, easy scalability, and potential for product derivatization and late-stage functionalization of biologically active molecule. Importantly, the mechanistic studies including DFT calculations indicate that such photocatalytic trifunctionalizing ipso-spirocyclization undergoes a radical relay cascade of intramolecular 5-exo-trig cyclization, intermolecular radical trapping, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, and sequential 5-endo-trig cyclization, which would open up a new reaction mode of alkenes.
LINC01956&nbsp;Promotes Metastasis and M2 Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages&nbsp;in Glioblastoma Via The FUS/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: lu fengfei , jin fa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can drive cancer progression. Here, we studied the role of a novel lncRNA, LINC01956, in glioblastoma (GBM). Methods:RT-PCR assay was used to examine LINC01956 expression levels. Colony-formation, MTT, cell-cycle and in-vivo tumorigenesis assays were used to examine the role of LINC01956 in cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Boyden assay was used to examine cell invasion ability in vitro. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA-protein pull-down assays were used to examine the interaction between LINC01956 and FUS protein.ChIP assay was used to examine HIF1-binding sites in the LINC01956 promoter.Results:The level of LINC01956 was elevated in GBM cell lines and tissues. LINC01956 downregulation suppressed the migration and proliferation of GBM cells. M2 polarization of macrophages induced by exosomes derived from glioma cells overexpressing LINC01956 further accelerated GBM progression. Mechanistically, we found that FUS interacted with both LINC01956 and β-catenin. LINC01956 bound to FUS and reduced its ubiquitination. LINC01956 evoked nuclear translocation of phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin by recruiting FUS. Furthermore, under hypoxic conditions, LINC01956 was regulated by HIF-1α. Conclusion:Taken together, our data revealed for the first time that LINC01956 exerts protumor effects via FUS-dependent activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Comparison of mesenchymal stromal cells from peritoneal dialysis effluent with those from umbilical cords: Characteristics and therapeutic effects on chronic peritoneal dialysis in uremic rats
Authors: Du Yangchun , Zong Ming , Guan Qiunong , Huang Zhongli , Zhou Lan , Cai Jing , Roza Gerald da , Wang Hao , Qi Hualin , Lu Yiping , Du Caigan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: A long-term of peritoneal dialysis (PD) using a hypertonic PD solution (PDS) leads to patient’s peritoneal membrane (PM) injury, resulting in ultrafiltration failure (UFF) and PD drop-out. Our previous study shows that PD effluent-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) prevent the PM injury in normal rats after repeated exposure of the peritoneal cavity to a PDS. This study was designed to compare the cytoprotection between pMSCs and umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) in the treatment of both PM and kidney injury in uremic rats with chronic PD.Methods: 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally (IP) injected Dianeal (4.25% dextrose, 10 mL/rat/d), and were treated with pMSCs or umbilical cord (UC)-MSCs (approximately 2×106/rat/wk, IP). Ultrafiltration was determined by IP injection of 30 mL of Dianeal (4.25% dextrose) with 1.5-h dewell time, and kidney failure by serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The structure of the PM and kidneys was assessed using histology. Gene expression was examined using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and protein levels using flow cytometric and Western blot analyses.Results: We showed a slight difference in the morphology between pMSCs and UC-MSCs in plastic dishes, and significantly higher expression levels of stemness-related genes (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, CCNA2, RAD21 and EXO1) and MSCs surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105) in UC-MSCs than those in pMSCs, but no difference in the differentiation to chondrocytes, osteocytes or adipocytes. pMSCs treatment was more effective than UC-MSCs in the protection of the MP and remnant kidneys in 5/6Nx rats from PDS-induced injury, which was associated with higher resistance of pMSCs than UC-MSCs to uremic toxins in culture, and more reduction of peritoneal mesothelial cell death by the secretome from pMSCs than from UC-MSCs in response to PDS exposure. The secretome from both pMSCs and UC-MSCs similarly inactivated NOS2 in activated THP1 cells.Conclusions: As compared to UC-MSCs, pMSCs may be more potently prevents PDS-induced PM and remnant kidney injury in this uremic rat model of chronic PD, suggesting that autotransplantation of ex vivo-expanded pMSCs may become a promising therapy for UFF and deterioration of remnant kidney function in PD patients.
Distribution of soil viruses across China and their potential role in phosphorous metabolism
Authors: Han Li-Li , Yu Dan-Ting , Bi Li , Du Shuai , Silveira Cynthia , Güemes Ana Georgina Cobián , Zhang Li-Mei , He Ji-Zheng , Rohwer Forest 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on the planet and drive biogeochemical cycling on a global scale. Our understanding of biogeography of soil viruses and their ecological functions lags significantly behind that of Bacteria and Fungi. Here, a viromic approach was used to investigate the distribution and ecological functions of viruses from 19 soils across China.Results: More than 60% of viral genome fragments could not be classified, representing potential new viruses. Among the 27 viral families identified, 15 families belonged to dsDNA viruses and 12 families belonged to ssDNA viruses. Soil samples clustered more significantly by geographical location than type of soil (agricultural and natural). Three clusters of viral communities were identified from North, Southeast and Southwest regions; these clusters differentiated using taxonomic as well as functional composition and were mainly driven by latitude. Phylogenetic analyses of the phoH gene showed a remarkable diversity and two new viral clades. Notably, five proteins involved in phosphorus (P) metabolism-related nucleotide synthesis functions, including dUTPase, MazG, PhoH, Thy1, and RNR, were mainly identified in agricultural soils. Conclusions: The present work revealed that soil viral communities and their functions were distributed across China according to geographical location, with latitude as the dominant driving factor. In addition, P metabolism genes encoded by these viruses probably drive the synthesis of nucleotides for their own genomes inside bacterial hosts, thereby affecting P cycling in the soil ecosystems.
Physical function and health-related quality of life after surgery for nontuberculous mycobacterium pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kuroyama Yuki , Tabusadani Mitsuru , Omatsu Shunya , Yamane Kazumasa , Takao Satoshi , Matsumura Yusuke , Mori Kosuke , Kawahara Kazuma , Ono Kazuki , Hiramatsu Miyako , Shiraishi Yuji , Kimura Hiroshi , Senjyu Hideaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacterium pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a progressive condition characterized by exercise intolerance and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). NTM-PD is sometimes treated with surgery in combination with medication, but little is known about the postoperative physical function and HRQOL. This study aimed to investigate the exercise capacity and HRQOL of patients with NTM-PD preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.Methods: This prospective observational study included patients with NTM-PD and was conducted at Fukujuji Hospital. The intervention was surgical resection plus perioperative and post-discharge physical therapy. The physical function was assessed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). HRQOL was assessed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively using the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. The postoperative HRQOL was compared between patients with and without preoperative clinical symptoms.Results: In total, 35 patients were analyzed. Preoperative clinical symptoms were present in 20 of 35 patients (57%), and the preoperatively symptomatic group had significantly lower preoperative HRQOL than the preoperatively asymptomatic group (p < 0.05). Thirty-two patients completed the 6-month follow-up. Compared with preoperatively, there were significant improvements at 6 months postoperatively in the 6MWT (p < 0.01) and HRQOL, mainly in the SF-36 mental component summary (p < 0.01). The SF-36 mental component summary in the preoperatively symptomatic group was very significantly improved from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The combination of surgical treatment and physical therapy for NTM-PD contributes to improvements in physical function and HRQOL.
Genetic Analysis of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 4-Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Among Children in Luohe City, Henan Province, China, During 2017-2018
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Mao Naiying , Zhang Yan , Cui Aili , Zhu Zhen , Hu Ruiping , Xu Jin , Xu Wenbo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During 2017–2018, Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 627 hospitalized patients with SARI at Luohe Center Hospital were tested by RT-PCR for human parainfluenza virus 4(HPIV-4). 14 (2.2%) of 627 samples were positive for HPIV-4. The complete nucleotide sequence of the HN gene from 9 positive samples was amplified and sequenced successfully. Genetic analysis showed that the HPIV-4 strains circulating in Luohe city are more closely related to HPIV-4A. Our study indicated that there were multiple lineages of HPIV-4 circulating in Henan Province in China during the study period, which will improve our understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HPIV-4.
Productivity, nutrient use efficiency, energetics and bio-economics of winter maize in south India
Authors: Salakinkop S R , Hulamani Siddarta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Maize area is rapidly spreading in south India in response to rising demand from the poultry and fish feed industries. The planting of maize during winter season is necessary to increase the total area and production of maize. The present investigation encompassing different sowing windows with different fertility levels revealed that significantly higher winter maize productivity was achieved from first and second week of October planting along with application of 200 % RDF(recommended dose of fertilizer) followed by 150 % RDF. Planting of winter maize during first week of October recorded significantly higher grain yield (8786 kg ha-1) and stover yield (1220 kg ha-1) and was found on par with sowing during second week of October. Among fertility levels, significantly higher grain yield (8320 kg ha -1) and stover yield (1195 kg ha-1) were recorded with application of 200 % RDF and was found on par with application of 150 % RDF. Similarly higher dry matter production, more days for physiological maturity, higher accumulation of growing degree days, photo thermal units and heliothermal units were recorded from crop planted during first and second week of October along with application of either 200 % or 150 % RDF. Further higher nutrient use efficiency was recorded from first and second week October planted crop along with lower fertility level (100 % RDF). Similarly significantly higher output energy, net energy and specific energy were higher from crop planted during first week of planting along with application of 200 % RDF. Also it recorded higher net returns and gross returns Whereas, energy use efficiency and energy productivity were higher with planting during first week of October along with application of 100 % RDF.
Improving Selection Efficiency of Crop Breeding with a Genomic Prediction Aided Partial Phenotyping Strategy
Authors: He Sang , Jiang Yong , Thistlethwaite Rebecca , Hayden Matthew , Trethowan Richard , Daetwyler Hans 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Increasing the number of environments for phenotyping of crop lines in earlier stages of breeding programs can improve selection accuracy. However, this is often not feasible due to cost. In our study, we investigated a partial phenotyping strategy that does not test all entries in all environments, but instead capitalizes on genomic prediction to predict missing phenotypes in additional environments without extra phenotyping expenditure. The breeders’ main interest – response to selection – was directly simulated to evaluate the effectiveness of the partial genomic phenotyping strategy in a wheat dataset. Whether the partial phenotyping strategy resulted in more selection response depended on the correlations of phenotypes between environments. The partial phenotyping strategy consistently showed statistically significant higher simulated responses to selection, compared to complete phenotyping, when the majority of completely phenotyped environments were negatively correlated and any extension environment was highly positively correlated with any of the completely phenotyped environments. Our results indicate that genomics-based partial phenotyping can improve selection response at middle stages of crop breeding programs.
Nitro-oxidized Carboxycellulose Nanofibers From Moringa Plant: Effective Bioadsorbent for Mercury Removal
Authors: CHEN HUI , Sharma Sunil K. , Sharma Priyanka R. , Chi Kai , Fung Eric , Aubrecht Katherine , Keroletswe Ngonye , Chigome Samuel , Hsiao Benjamin S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mercury contamination in drinking water is a worldwide problem due to its severely harming effects on the human body. A nanostructured natural bioadsorbent, carboxycellulose nanofiber extracted from raw moringa plant using the nitro-oxidation method (termed NOCNF), capable of effectively remediating this problem has been demonstrated. Nitro-oxidation is a simple approach that can extract carboxylated nanocellulose directly from raw biomass. In this study, the produced NOCNF contained a large density of carboxylate groups on the cellulose surface (0.97 mmol/g), capable of removing Hg2+ ions by simultaneous electrostatic-interactions and mineralization processes. Using the Langmuir analysis, the adsorption results indicated that the highest Hg2+ removal capacity of this NOCNF was 257.07 mg/g, which is higher than most of the reported values. The interactions between Hg2+ and NOCNF were further characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with electron diffraction and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) methods, suggesting the existence of two distinct removal mechanisms: predominant adsorption at low Hg2+concentrations (< 250 ppm) and predominant mineralization at high Hg2+ concentrations (> 1000 ppm). The applications of NOCNF were illustrated in both suspension form, as an adsorbent/coagulant, and dry powder form using filtration column. The results indicated that NOCNF in suspension exhibited a higher maximum removal efficiency of 81.6 % as compared to the dry state of 74.3 %. This work demonstrated the feasibility of extracting nanostructured adsorbents from biomass feedstocks to tackle the Hg2+ contamination problem in drinking water.
Dopamine Signaling Modulates Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pike Adrianne Frances , Longhena Francesca , Faustini Gaia , Eik Jean-Marc van , Gombert Iris , Herrebout Maaike A.C. , Fayed Mona M.H.E. , Varanita Tatiana , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Hoozemans Jeroen J.M. , Bellucci Arianna , Veerhuis Robert , Bubacco Luigi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons leading to impaired striatal dopamine signaling, α-synuclein- (α-syn-) rich inclusions, and neuroinflammation. Degenerating neurons are surrounded by activated microglia with increased secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), driven largely by the NLRP3 inflammasome. A critical role for microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the progression of both dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-syn pathology has been demonstrated in parkinsonism mouse models. Fibrillar α-syn activates this inflammasome in mouse and human macrophages, and we have shown previously that the same holds true for primary human microglia. Dopamine blocks microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the MPTP model, but its effects in this framework, highly relevant to PD, remain unexplored in primary human microglia and in other in vivo parkinsonism models. Methods: Biochemical techniques including quantification of IL-1β secretion and confocal microscopy were employed to gain insight into dopamine signaling-mediated inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome mechanism in primary human microglia and the SYN120 transgenic mouse model. Dopamine and related metabolites were applied to human microglia together with various inflammasome activating stimuli. The involvement of the receptors through which these catecholamines were predicted to act were assessed with agonists in both species. Results: We show in primary human microglia that dopamine, L-DOPA, and high extracellular K+, but not norepinephrine and epinephrine, block canonical, non-canonical, and α-syn-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome-driven IL-1β secretion. This suggests that dopamine acts as an inflammasome inhibitor in human microglia. Accordingly, we provide evidence that dopamine exerts its inhibitory effect through dopamine receptor D1 and D2 (DRD1 and DRD2) signaling. We also show that aged mice transgenic for human C-terminally truncated (1-120) α-syn (SYN120 tg mice) display increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation in comparison to WT mice that is diminished upon DRD1 agonism. Conclusions: Dopamine inhibits canonical, non-canonical, and α-syn-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in primary human microglia, as does high extracellular K+. We suggest that dopamine serves as an endogenous repressor of the K+ efflux-dependent microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation that contributes to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD, and that this reciprocation may account for the specific vulnerability of these neurons to disease pathology.
Hemoglobin A1c as A Potential Indicator for Intraplaque Hemorrhage of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Adults
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Runhua , Jiang Yong , Yu Miaoxin , Qiao Huiyu , Han Hualu , Shen Rui , Ning Zihan , Zhao Xihai , Liu Gaifen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the association between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in carotid atherosclerotic plaque detected by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) in a community-based population. MethodsIn this cross-sectional, community-based study, a total of 598 participants were recruited from May 2015 to September 2019. All participants underwent carotid artery HR-MRI. Data on demographics, medical history, and physical examinations were obtained through face-to-face interview, and fasting blood sample were collected. HbA1c was determined using high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Presence or absence of carotid plaque IPH was determined by HR-MRI. Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between HbA1c levels and carotid plaque IPH. ResultsOf the 598 participants, 317 (53.0%) had atherosclerotic plaques, and 25 (4.2%) had IPH in carotid arteries. HbA1c was associated with the presence of IPH (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.38-2.73) in the univariate analysis, and the association remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, traditional vascular factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and other potential confounders (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.14-2.52).Conclusions﻿This study showed that high HbA1c was associated with carotid plaque IPH detected by HR-MRI, which suggests that individuals with high HbA1c may have a higher risk of developing vulnerable carotid plaques.