bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional study on the role of public awareness in preventing the spread of COVID-19 outbreak in India
Authors: Kaushik Manish , Agarwal Divya , Gupta Anil K 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWHO has recommended personal hygiene (respiratory hygiene, using face masks, washing hands with warm water and soap, use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers, avoid touching mouth, eyes & nose, cleanliness), social distancing and careful handling of purchased products as an effective preventive measure for COVID-19 disease. The growing pandemic of COVID-19 disease requires social distancing and personal hygiene measures to protect public health. But this message is not clear and well understood among people. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness, knowledge and attitude about COVID-19 and relate the behaviour of Indian society, especially when the country is restarting all its economic activities, after the complete lockdown.MethodThe present paper is based on an extensive survey among 21 406 adult participants of various sections of Indian society with different age groups between 18 and 80 years to introspect the level of public awareness with respect to cause, spread, prevention and treatment of disease caused by spread of COVID-19 viral outbreak, which will be automatically reflected in the societal behavioural response of rigorous precautionary measures.ConclusionsThere is a need to extend the knowledge base among individuals to enhance their active participation in the prevention mechanisms with respect to the spread of the pandemic. There is a need to elaborate the Indian socio-cultural aspects, so that society starts appreciating and voluntarily following social distancing. This should improve the adaptability of people with livelihood resilience to let them protect themselves not only from the present pandemic but also from all other unforeseen infections, and to provide care to patients.
Predictors of Palliative Care Knowledge: Findings from the Health Information National Trends Survey
Authors: Ogunsanya Motolani E. , Goetzinger Elizabeth A. , Owopetu Oluwatomi F. , Chandler Paulette D. , O'Connor Lauren E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Palliative care plays an important role in improving the quality of life for patients with cancer and their caregivers and has been associated with increased patient satisfaction. However, palliative care knowledge in the general population is limited, and often physician referral occurs late in prognosis. The objective of this analysis was to examine factors associated with palliative care knowledge.

Method:
Using data from the 2018 NCI's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5 Cycle 2, descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with respondents' palliative care knowledge using ORs and 95% confidence intervals as measures of association. The outcome of interest was measured with the item “How would you describe your level of knowledge about palliative care?” Possible response selections were “I've never heard of it,” “I know a little bit about palliative care,” and “I know what palliative care is and could explain it to someone else.” To reduce the risk of type 1 error, jackknife variance estimations with repeated replications were used. All analyses were conducted with the SURVEYLOGISTIC command using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), and the statistical significance level was set at P &lt; 0.05.

Results:
A total of 3,450 respondents (weighted sample size: 249,489,772) met the inclusion criteria. About 89% (n = 3,000) of all respondents had inadequate knowledge of palliative care. Multivariable analyses indicated that frequent health care utilization as defined as ≥ 2 times per year [OR, 3.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.65–3.58], female gender (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.31–3.59), being married (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.14–3.59), having a college degree or higher (OR, 13.83; 95% CI, 1.71–12.04), and having a regular source of care (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.37–1.90) had greater odds of adequate palliative care knowledge. Those without a cancer diagnosis were less likely to have adequate knowledge of palliative care (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.41–0.89).

Conclusions:
Knowledge of palliative care in the United States is low, particularly for those not already actively using their available healthcare system. Public health education efforts are needed to target subgroups of the U.S. population identified by this analysis to increase palliative care knowledge.

Impact:
Healthcare providers have a major role to play in improving palliative care knowledge.
Screening for Colorectal Cancer in the United States: Correlates and Time Trends by Type of Test
Authors: Shapiro Jean A. , Soman Ashwini V. , Berkowitz Zahava , Fedewa Stacey A. , Sabatino Susan A. , de Moor Janet S. , Clarke Tainya C. , Doria-Rose V. Paul , Breslau Erica S. , Jemal Ahmedin , Nadel Marion R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
It is strongly recommended that adults aged 50–75 years be screened for colorectal cancer. Recommended screening options include colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography, guaiac fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), or the more recently introduced FIT-DNA (FIT in combination with a stool DNA test). Colorectal cancer screening programs can benefit from knowledge of patterns of use by test type and within population subgroups.

Methods:
Using 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data, we examined colorectal cancer screening test use for adults aged 50–75 years (N = 10,595). We also examined time trends in colorectal cancer screening test use from 2010–2018.

Results:
In 2018, an estimated 66.9% of U.S. adults aged 50–75 years had a colorectal cancer screening test within recommended time intervals. However, the prevalence was less than 50% among those aged 50–54 years, those without a usual source of health care, those with no doctor visits in the past year, and those who were uninsured. The test types most commonly used within recommended time intervals were colonoscopy within 10 years (61.1%), FOBT or FIT in the past year (8.8%), and FIT-DNA within 3 years (2.7%). After age-standardization to the 2010 census population, the percentage up-to-date with CRC screening increased from 61.2% in 2015 to 65.3% in 2018, driven by increased use of stool testing, including FIT-DNA.

Conclusions:
These results show some progress, driven by a modest increase in stool testing. However, colorectal cancer testing remains low in many population subgroups.

Impact:
These results can inform efforts to achieve population colorectal cancer screening goals.
Therapeutic Synergy in Esophageal Cancer and Mesothelioma Is Predicted by Dynamic BH3 Profiling
Authors: Surman Deborah R. , Xu Yuan , Lee Min-Jung , Trepel Jane , Brown Kate , Ramineni Maheshwari , Splawn Taylor G. , Diggs Laurence P. , Hodges H. Courtney , Davis Jeremy L. , Lee Hyun-Sung , Burt Bryan M. , Ripley Robert Taylor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Approximately 20,000 patients per year are diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM); fewer than 20% survive 5 years. Effective therapeutic strategies are limited although patients receive a combination of chemotherapeutics. These tumors harbor thousands of mutations that contribute to tumor development. Downstream of oncogenic driving mutations, altered tumor mitochondria promote resistance to apoptosis. Dynamic Bcl-2 homology-3 profiling (DBP) is a functional assay of live cells that identifies the mitochondrial proteins responsible for resistance to apoptosis. We hypothesized that DBP will predict which protein to target to overcome resistance thereby enhancing combinatorial therapy.
DBP predicted that targeting either Mcl-1 or Bcl-xL increases the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin, whereas targeting Bcl-2 does not. We performed these assays by treating EAC and MPM cells with a combination of Bcl-2 homology-3 (BH3) mimetics and cisplatin. Following treatments, we performed efficacy assessments including apoptosis assays, IC50 calculations, and generation of a combinatorial index. DBP confirmed that targeting mitochondria with BH3 mimetics alters the threshold of apoptosis. These apoptotic effects were abolished when the mitochondrial pathway was disrupted. We validated our findings by developing knockdown models of antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and the mitochondrial effector proteins Bax/Bak. Knockdown of Mcl-1 or Bcl-xL recapitulated the results of BH3 mimetics. In addition, we report an approach for BH3 profiling directly from patient tumor samples. We demonstrate that the DBP assay on living tumor cells measures the dynamic changes of resistance mechanisms, assesses response to combinatorial therapy, and provides results in a clinically feasible time frame.
Mapping of m6A and Its Regulatory Targets in Prostate Cancer Reveals a METTL3-Low Induction of Therapy Resistance
Authors: Cotter Kellie A. , Gallon John , Uebersax Nadine , Rubin Philip , Meyer Kate D. , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Jaffrey Samie R. , Rubin Mark A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecent evidence has highlighted the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in the regulation of mRNA expression, stability, and translation, supporting a potential role for posttranscriptional regulation mediated by m6A in cancer. Here, we explore prostate cancer as an exemplar and demonstrate that low levels of N6-adenosine-methyltransferase (METTL3) is associated with advanced metastatic disease. To investigate this relationship, we generated the first prostate m6A maps, and further examined how METTL3 regulates expression at the level of transcription, translation, and protein. Significantly, transcripts encoding extracellular matrix proteins are consistently upregulated with METTL3 knockdown. We also examined the relationship between METTL3 and androgen signaling and discovered the upregulation of a hepatocyte nuclear factor–driven gene signature that is associated with therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Significantly, METTL3 knockdown rendered the cells resistant to androgen receptor antagonists via an androgen receptor–independent mechanism driven by the upregulation of nuclear receptor NR5A2/LRH-1.Implications:These findings implicate changes in m6A as a mechanism for therapy resistance in metastatic prostate cancer.
Macrobenthic community of an estuarine tidal flat on the Amazon coast: spatial variations and presence of polychaetes tubes
Authors: Santos Thuareag Monteiro Trindade dos , Aviz Daiane 
Published: June 2021

The present study characterized the macrobenthic fauna found on a muddy-sandy tidal flat of the Amazon coast in areas with and without the presence of Diopatra cuprea (Bosc, 1802) (Onuphidae: Annelida) tubes. In addition, a brief review of records of D. cuprea on the Brazilian Amazon coast is presented. Samples were collected in February 2014 in two different areas: (1) an area in which D. cuprea tubes were present, and (2) a control area, in which worm tubes were absent. A total of 21 taxa were found, of which 10 were associated exclusively with D. cuprea tubes. Although richness did not vary significantly among areas, there were changes in the abundance and composition of species and trophic guilds. In the area with tubes, there was a higher abundance of filter-feeders and the presence of species adapted to consolidated and muddy substrates. Our results and those of other studies indicate that D. cuprea commonly presents low density in the Amazon coastal, and its tubes are typically scattered widely in the intertidal zone. The present findings add knowledge about the presence of the bioconstructor in coastal areas and reinforce the role of tube-building polychaetes as ecosystem engineers.
Variation in dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in a tropical forest remnant from a Mexican National Park
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Gibrán , Gómez Benigno , Rodríguez-López Misraim Edivaldo , Dávila-Sánchez Rolando Antonio , Chamé-Vázquez Eduardo Rafael 
Published: June 2021

The Cañón del Sumidero National Park (PNCS) is a priority area for conservation, but there are few studies on its fauna, which evidences the need for further basic studies to produce adequate knowledge on its biodiversity. This study aimed to determine dung beetle assemblages temporal distribution, trophic preference, and daily activity patterns. We conducted samplings using baited pitfall traps in a PNCS tropical sub deciduous forest remnant, during the dry and rainy seasons between 2014 and 2015. We captured a total of 863 individuals of 20 species, 12 genera, and five tribes of Scarabaeinae. Estimators suggest that we obtained high faunistic representation (> 80%), but species richness is low compared to other regional studies. The community was characterized by a high number of rare species and few dominant species. We captured the greatest richness and abundance during rainy months, however, species composition between seasons did not differ significantly. Trophic preference was mainly generalist and we considered only four species as specialists to tapir dung. We observed a clear segregation between activity hours. Nevertheless, we determined only nine species as specialists (six nocturnal and three diurnal) and two others had generalist habits. The low diversity we found could be influenced by the constant pressure of the urban area and non-native species within the park, which alter the dung beetle assemblages. However, performing samplings for longer periods and using a wider range of resources would help us obtain more robust results and better understand species distribution patterns.
Models and Numbers: Representing the World or Imposing Order?
Authors: Kaiser Matthias , Buklijas Tatjana , Gluckman Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe argue for a foundational epistemic claim and a hypothesis about the production and uses of mathematical epidemiological models, exploring the consequences for our political and socio-economic lives. First, in order to make the best use of scientific models, we need to understand why models are not truly representational of our world, but are already pitched towards various uses. Second, we need to understand the implicit power relations in numbers and models in public policy, and, thus, the implications for good governance if numbers and models are used as the exclusive drivers of decision making.
A Father’s Entitlement to Paternity and Parental Leave in Lithuania: Necessary Legislative Changes Following the Adoption of the Directive on Work–Life Balance
Authors: Mačernytė-Panomariovienė Ingrida , Krasauskas Rytis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There is a great deal of legislation that has been adopted by the European Union which, in one way or another, aims at ensuring equal opportunities and a good work–life balance. One specific issue in this area relates to childcare leave. In practice, providing for equal opportunities has meant enabling women to integrate into the labor market, to advance their careers, and to have more guarantees and rights at work. In reality, thus far these measures have not been effective enough. The new Directive (EU) 2019/1158 on work–life balance for parents and carers, adopted on 20 June 2019, seeks to increase the take-up of family-related leave and flexible working arrangements by men (fathers). The purpose of this article is to assess what effects this new EU directive will have upon Lithuanian law in this area.
Keeping UNCLOS Relevant
Authors: Telesetsky Anastasia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
After years of delicate negotiations, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) went into force in 1994. Over 25 years later, UNCLOS as a tool for cooperation and coordination is more policy relevant than ever before as the global community seeks to better understand and protect the oceans. Yet, some of the most difficult subject matters for the 21st century including industrial fishing, labor practices, plastic pollution, and climate change are only indirectly addressed by UNCLOS. This article suggests that States could update UNCLOS by amendment to remain relevant by explicitly addressing concerns such as transshipment, perverse fisheries subsidies, multi-species management, maritime trade slavery, plastic litter from the fishing industry and land sources, climate-impacted fisheries, geo-engineering, and renewable energy. While amending UNCLOS might be considered politically impractical, even a rudimentary conversation on amending the treaty would provide much-needed political focus on critical ocean topics where there are present governance gaps.
How to Amend UNCLOS and Why It Has Never Been Done
Authors: Whomersley Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) contains detailed provisions concerning its amendment, but these have never been used and this article explores why this is so. States have instead maintained the Convention as a “living instrument” by adopting updated rules in other organisations, especially the International Maritime Organisation and the International Labour Organisation. States have also used the consensus procedure at Meetings of the States Parties to modify procedural provisions in UNCLOS, and have adopted two Implementation Agreements relating to UNCLOS. In addition, port State jurisdiction has developed considerably since the adoption of UNCLOS, and of course other international organisations have been active in related fields.
Understanding Dizzy Patients a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Attitudes toward Diagnosis, Providers, and Treatment
Authors: Chiao Whitney , Krauter Roseanne , Kirk Laura , Steenerson Kristen , Pasquesi Lauren , Sharon Jeffrey 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate patients’ attitudes regarding their dizziness, provider capabilities, and receptiveness toward treatment. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care vestibular clinic. Patients: Ages 18 years or older, fluent in English, and who presented with a chief complaint of dizziness or vertigo. Intervention(s): N/A. Main Outcomes Measure(s): Non-validated questionnaire surveying patients’ beliefs regarding the cause of their dizziness, likelihood of successful treatment, and openness to various treatment modalities Results: Patients were asked to complete an online non-validated survey regarding their dizziness prior to being evaluated in neurotology clinic. About 67 surveys were completed between January 2017 and September 2018. A majority of patients attributed their dizziness to their ears (n = 47, 70%), followed by the brain (n = 29, 43%). Most subjects chose “neither agree nor disagree” about whether their provider could identify the cause of their dizziness (27%). Most subjects also chose “neither agree nor disagree” that their dizziness would resolve with treatment (31%). These attitudes were not influenced by demographics, dizziness severity, anxiety, depression, or quality of life on multivariate ordinal regression modeling. Conclusions: Patients who experience dizziness have neutral attitudes with regards to believing that their provider will be able to identify the cause of their dizziness and whether their dizziness will resolve with treatment. These neutral attitudes are experienced by a plurality of patients and do not differ by demographic information, dizziness handicap, quality of life, depression, or anxiety.
Correlation of Infrazygomatic Bone Thickness With Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Stages
Authors: Krishnakumaran Mahalakshmi , Krishnan Balaji , Raman Rajesh , Rangarajan Sumanth , Preethi G. , Chinnasamy Anandadevi 
Published: June 2021

Anchorage is one of the most important consideration in the field of orthodontics to achieve a desired tooth movement. In order to eliminate the undesirable side effects such as anchorage loss, skeletal anchorage systems such as mini-implants have been introduced in orthodontics. Aim: To evaluate the bone thickness of the infrazygomatic crest in different cervical vertebrae maturation index (CVMI) and to compare it between male and female subjects, by using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using CBCT images of 60 patients in the age group of 8–25 years. Cervical vertebra maturation was analyzed using Hassel–Farmann index and divided into 6 groups (n = 10/group). The infrazygomatic crest was divided into horizontal and vertical planes. The horizontal plane passed through the most inferior border of the zygomatic process of maxilla and the vertical plane passed through the most anterior point of the infratemporal fossa parallel to midsagittal plane. Five parallel lines were drawn at 2 mm interval in both horizontal and vertical planes (HB+2, HB+4, HB+6, HB+8, and HB+10) (V-2, V-4, V-6, V-8, and V-10). The bone thickness was measured at the point of intersection of these lines. Results: According to Kruskal–Wallis analysis, statistically significant difference in infrazygomatic crest (IZC) bone thickness was seen in various CVMI stages ( P = .001). Maximum bone thickness was 11 mm and minimum bone thickness was 1 mm. No significant difference was observed between male and female populations. Conclusion: Thus, the superolateral area in infrazygomatic crest is the most appropriate site for miniscrew insertion in all age groups.
Novel approaches to fitting and implanting finger and nail prosthetics
Authors: Elsheikh Mogeeb Elrahman Abduelrahman Ahmed , Horowitz Max E , Vandersea James , Giladi Aviram M 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This work presents unique designs for prosthetic restoration of the distal finger. We first discuss fitting a prosthetic nail in order to restore the cosmetic deficit caused by partial or complete nail injury. This concept is inspired from snap fit and lanced sheet metal technology. We also discuss new approaches to designing and fitting a full fingertip prosthetic with a special suspension and a socket for more complete cosmetic fingertip restoration. Methods: The designs utilize the compliance and higher strain level of hinges to fit the prosthesis with either the residual nail or to the distal-most aspect of the amputated fingertip. These techniques require preparation of the residual nail to match the fabricated nails well as design of a snap fit nail prosthetic. The socket and suspension design of the full fingertip prosthetic is formed with a spring shape and has an open end to allow proper molding, fit, and suspension. Results: The introduced approaches simplify the assembly steps and propose unique, cosmetically appropriate, and potentially less irritating prosthetic options compared to what has been previously used. The socket of the finger has an ability to expand and can be worn on any stump size. Conclusion: Low cost, fewer parts, ease of assembly and user friendly are the main attributes of the introduced designs. Future work to finalize these designs and trial them in humans is needed.
An elderly male with lower urinary tract symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic: Extraperitoneal perforation of bladder diverticulum
Authors: Sharma Amit , Biswal Deepak , Sharma Satyadeo , Roy Siddhant 
Published: June 2021

Case: We present a case of spontaneous extra-peritoneal rupture of an acquired diverticulum an elderly male with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction who presented in emergency with acute abdomen. Outcome: The acute phase was managed conservatively with bladder drainage and intravenous antibiotics. He recently underwent Transurethral Resection of Prostate. He is asymptomatic on follow-up. Conclusions: Acquired bladder diverticulum are rare in adults and are mostly seen in patients with high pressure bladder due to bladder outlet obstruction. Atraumatic extraperitoneal ruptures of diverticulum are uncommonly reported.