bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating adults’ health-related values and preferences about unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption: protocol for a cross-sectional mixed-methods study
Authors: Valli Claudia , Howatt Victoria , Prokop-Dorner Anna , Rabassa Montserrat , Johnston Bradley C. , Zajac Joanna , Han Mi Ah , Kenji Nampo Fernando , Guyatt Gordon H. , Bala Malgorzata M. , Alonso-Coello Pablo 
Published: May 2021

Background: People need to choose from a wide range of foods, and in addition to availability and accessibility, people’s values and preferences largely determine their daily food choices. Given the potential adverse health consequences of red and processed meat and the limited knowledge on individuals’ health-related values and preferences on the topic, such data would be useful in the development of recommendations regarding meat consumption. Methods and analysis: We will perform a cross-sectional mixed methods study. The study population will consist of adult omnivores currently consuming a minimum of three weekly servings of either unprocessed red meat or processed meat. We will explore participants’ willingness to stop or reduce their unprocessed red meat, or their processed meat consumption through a direct-choice exercise. This exercise will consist of presenting a scenario tailored to each individual’s average weekly consumption. That is, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of the best estimate of the risk reduction in overall cancer incidence and cancer mortality, we will ask participants if they would stop their consumption, and/or reduce their average consumption. We will also present the corresponding certainty of the evidence for the potential risk reductions. Finally, we will measure their meat consumption three months after the interview and determine if they have made any changes to their average consumption. Ethics and dissemination: The research protocol was approved by the ethics committees in Canada (Research Ethics Board, Dalhousie University), Spain (Comitè Ètic d'Investigació Clínica de l'IDIAP Jordi Gol), Poland (The Bioethics Committee of the Jagiellonian University), and Brazil (National Research Ethics Commission). The study is based on voluntary participation and informed written consent. Results from this project will be disseminated through publications and presentations.
Pesticide exposure and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
Authors: Kangkhetkron Teera , Juntarawijit Chudchawal 
Published: May 2021

Background: Pesticide exposure might increase risk of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the historical use of pesticides commonly found in Thailand, and lung cancer. Methods: This case-control study compared a lifetime pesticide exposure of 233 lung cancer cases, and 447 healthy neighbours matched for gender, and age (±5 years). Data on demographic, pesticide exposure and other related factors were collected using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. Associations between lung cancer and types of pesticides as well as individual pesticides were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for gender (male, female), age (≤54, 55-64, 65-74, ≥75), cigarette smoking ( never smoked, smoked < 109,500, smoked ≥ 109,500), occupation (farmer, non-farmer), cooking fumes exposure (yes, no), and exposure to air pollution (yes, no). Results: It was found that lung cancer was positively associated with lifetime use of herbicides and insecticides. Compared to people in the nonexposed groups, those in Q3-Q4 days of using herbicides and insecticides had an elevated risk of lung cancer, with odds ratio (OR) between 2.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-3.89), and 3.99 (95% CI 1.62-7.11) (p < 0.001). For individual pesticides, those presenting a significant association with lung cancer were dieldrin (OR = 2.56; 95% CI 1.36-4.81), chlorpyrifos (OR = 3.29; 95 % CI 1.93-5.61), and carbofuran (OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.28-3.42). It was also found, for the first time, carbofuran, glyphosate, and paraquat to be strongly associated with lung cancer. Conclusions: The results showed that lung cancer among Thai people in Nakhon Sawan province is associated with previous pesticide use. In addition to dieldrin and chlorpyrifos, we also found carbofuran, glyphosate, and paraquat to be associated with lung cancer. These issues should receive more attention since these chemicals are used widely.
Development of a computer-assisted instructional package for life skills to prevent risky sexual behaviors in early adolescents, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Neranon Wanida , Thongsong Ladaporn 
Published: May 2021

Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a newly developed computer-assisted instructional package for life skills (CAIFLS) specifically designed to raise awareness of risky sexual behaviors among Thai early adolescents in Bangkok. Methods: The research process included two phases: (1) the development and (2) the use and evaluation of the newly developed CAIFLS package. First, 5 teachers and 5 Grade 7 students of a Bangkok school were interviewed to collect information needed for the development of CAIFLS. The second phase was to implement learning activities through CAIFLS with a total of 87 Bangkok school students, consisting of 44 students for the experimental group who received CAIFLS for 4 sessions, and 43 students for the control group who received routine class lecture. CAIFLS instructions, lesson plans and worksheets were designed as the experiment methods. Then questionnaires of life skills assessments and student satisfaction were used to investigate the effects and the student satisfaction of CAIFLS. Results: The findings revealed that the efficiency values of the CAIFLS package were 80.2/82.5, higher than the set criteria of 80/80. Mean scores on life skills for the experimental group significant increased (p < .05), which was higher than the control group. The students also showed their satisfaction of CAIFLS at a high level (M = 4.20, S.D. = 0.29) Conclusions: CAIFLS can be used as an effective learning tool to enhance life skills to prevent risky sexual behaviors among Thai early adolescents.
Patient perspectives on home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after total hip arthroplasty: A qualitative study (PHETHAS-2)
Authors: Poulsen Anne Grøndahl , Gravesen Janni Dahlgaard , Madsen Merete Nørgaard , Mikkelsen Lone Ramer , Bandholm Thomas , Rossen Camilla Blach 
Published: May 2021

Background: Home-based rehabilitation exercise following Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) shows similar outcomes compared to supervised outpatient rehabilitation exercise. Little is known about patients' experiences with home-based rehabilitation, and this study aimed to investigate patient-perceived facilitators and barriers to home-based rehabilitation exercise and general physical activity after THA. Methods: Semi-structured interviews of qualitative design were conducted with 22 patients who had undergone THA and who had performed home-based rehabilitation exercise. The study took place in a regional hospital in Denmark between January 2018 and May 2019. Data was analyzed using an interpretive thematic analysis approach, with theoretical underpinning from the concept ‘conduct of everyday life’. The study is embedded within the Pragmatic Home-Based Exercise Therapy after Total Hip Arthroplasty-Silkeborg trial (PHETHAS-1), which aims to quantitatively investigate recovery outcomes after a home-based rehabilitation exercise program. Results: The main theme, ‘wishing to return to the well-known everyday life’, and the subtheme ‘general physical activity versus rehabilitation exercise’ were identified. Generally, participants found the home-based rehabilitation exercise boring but were motivated by the goal of returning to their habitual conduct of everyday life and performing their usual general physical activities. Participants enrolled in the PHETHAS-1 study used the enrollment as part of their motivation for doing the exercises. Both pain and the absence of pain were identified as barriers for doing home-based rehabilitation exercise. Pain could cause insecurity about possible medical complications, while the absence of pain could lead to the rehabilitation exercise being perceived as pointless. Conclusions: The overall goal for the THA patients was to return to their habitual everyday life. This goal served as a facilitator for undertaking home-based rehabilitation exercise. Being able to perform usual activities paradoxically became a barrier for some participants, as they were more motivated to engage in general physical activity than the rehabilitation exercise.
Roles and Problems of Stroke Caregivers: A Qualitative Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Muhrodji Paryono , Wicaksono Hendrawan Dian Agung , Satiti Sekar , Trisnantoro Laksono , Setyopranoto Ismail , Vidyanti Amelia Nur 
Published: May 2021

Background: Caregivers play a central role in post-stroke patients care. However, the role of and problems managed by caregivers have not been widely studied, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the roles and problems of caregivers in post- stroke patients’ care. Method: This was a qualitative study. Caregivers of post-stroke patients from the homecare clinic of Dr Sardjito General Hospital were purposely selected during January 2017 to June 2018. Focus group discussions were conducted to explore the roles and problems of caregiving. Results: Themes related to caregivers’ roles were: connecting patients with medical personnel and other family members, maintaining patients’ health conditions by fulfilling basic needs and assisting rehabilitation, as well as maintaining patients’ psychological conditions by encouraging conversation, telling jokes, or recreation. On the other hand, themes related to caregivers’ problems were: lack of knowledge caused by education inadequacy, underappreciated and unconcerned family, suboptimal service including limited physiotherapy and pharmacy resource, unthorough administration, lack of communication, physical limitations, and burnout, as well as uncooperative patients. Conclusions: Caregivers play essential roles as communicators and help to maintain patient's health conditions. Common problems are related to a lack of knowledge about strokes and a lack of attention from family. Understanding the roles and problems of caregivers may help facilitate better management and increase the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers.
Child development with the D-score: turning milestones into measurement
Authors: van Buuren Stef , Eekhout Iris 
Published: May 2021

The chapter equips the reader with a basic understanding of robust psychometric methods that are needed to turn developmental milestones into measurements, introducing the fundamental issues in defining a unit for child development and demonstrates the relevant quantitative methodology. It reviews quantitative approaches to measuring child development;introduces the Rasch model in a non-technical way;shows how to estimate model parameters from real data;puts forth a set of principles for model evaluation and assessment of scale quality;analyses the relation between early D-scores and later intelligence;and compares the D-scores from three studies that all use the same instrument.
Growth monitoring and mortality risk in low birthweight infants: a birth cohort study in Burkina Faso
Authors: Mwangome Martha , Ngari Moses , Bahwere Paluku , Kabore Patrick , McGrath Marie , Berkley James A. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Wasting and underweight in infancy is an increasingly recognised problem but consensus on optimum assessment is lacking. In particular, there is uncertainty on how to interpret anthropometry among low birth weight (LBW) infants who may be growing normally. This research aimed to determine growth of infants from birth to two months (around age of vaccination) and the mortality risk of underweight LBW infants compared to normal birth weight (NBW) infants at two and six months age. Methods: A secondary analysis of a birth cohort of 1103 infants in Burkina Faso was conducted. Anthropometry was performed monthly from 0 to 12 months. We assessed associations with mortality using Cox proportional hazards models and assessed discriminatory values using area under receiver operating characteristics curves. Results: Eighty-six (7.8%) children died by age one year, 26/86 (30%) and 51/86 (59%) within two and six months, respectively. At age two months, weight gain since birth did not better discriminate mortality risk than current weight-for-age (P=0.72) or mid-upper arm circumference (P=0.21). In total, 227 (21%) LBW infants had increased risk of mortality: adjusted hazards ratio (aHR) 3.30 (95%CI 2.09 to 4.90). Among infants who were underweight at two and six months, LBW infants (64% and 49%, respectively) were not at reduced risk of death compared to NBW infants (aHR 2.63 (95%CI 0.76 to 9.15) and 2.43 (95%CI 0.74 to 7.98), respectively). Conclusion: Assessing weight gain since birth does not offer advantages over immediate anthropometry for discriminating mortality risk. LBW infants who are later identified as underweight require care to help prevent mortality.
The Value of Randomized Solutions in Mixed-Integer Distributionally Robust Optimization Problems
Authors: Delage Erick , Saif Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Randomized decision making refers to the process of making decisions randomly according to the outcome of an independent randomization device, such as a dice roll or a coin flip. The concept is unconventional, and somehow counterintuitive, in the domain of mathematical programming, in which deterministic decisions are usually sought even when the problem parameters are uncertain. However, it has recently been shown that using a randomized, rather than a deterministic, strategy in nonconvex distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems can lead to improvements in their objective values. It is still unknown, though, what is the magnitude of improvement that can be attained through randomization or how to numerically find the optimal randomized strategy. In this paper, we study the value of randomization in mixed-integer DRO problems and show that it is bounded by the improvement achievable through its continuous relaxation. Furthermore, we identify conditions under which the bound is tight. We then develop algorithmic procedures, based on column generation, for solving both single- and two-stage linear DRO problems with randomization that can be used with both moment-based and Wasserstein ambiguity sets. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithm to solve three classical discrete DRO problems: the assignment problem, the uncapacitated facility location problem, and the capacitated facility location problem and report numerical results that show the quality of our bounds, the computational efficiency of the proposed solution method, and the magnitude of performance improvement achieved by randomized decisions. Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we present both theoretical results and algorithmic tools to identify optimal randomized strategies for discrete distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problems and evaluate the performance improvements that can be achieved when using them rather than classical deterministic strategies. On the theory side, we provide improvement bounds based on continuous relaxation and identify the conditions under which these bound are tight. On the algorithmic side, we propose a finitely convergent, two-layer, column-generation algorithm that iterates between identifying feasible solutions and finding extreme realizations of the uncertain parameter. The proposed algorithm was implemented to solve distributionally robust stochastic versions of three classical optimization problems and extensive numerical results are reported. The paper extends a previous, purely theoretical work of the first author on the idea of randomized strategies in nonconvex DRO problems by providing useful bounds and algorithms to solve this kind of problems.
Application of nursing process in community health to patient with pressure injury
Authors: Oliveira Naila A. , Bazan Kamila A. , Leite Anne P. G. , Cardoso Simone C. , Silva Marilene N. , Miura Carla R. M. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Nursing is a science whose main objective is the care process. From preventive approach viewpoint as well as in health promotion, nurse’s main task is to guide and execute the care practice as means to reduce the prevalence of pressure injuries (PI). Objective: To report the implementation of the nursing process in the phases of history, nursing diagnoses, planning, and educational interventions towards a patient with pressure injury bedridden and assisted by the primary health care team. Method: This is a clinical case study, using nursing process in the phases of history, nursing diagnosis, planning, intervention, and results evaluation. Patient was chosen during a home visit. Data were collected through data collection and interview phase while forms were filled up via “check list”. Nursing diagnosis was later elaborated using NANDA-1 taxonomy while interventions followed NIC and NOC taxonomies in order to meet human basic needs in line with Wanda Horta. Results: After data collection, NANDA-1 diagnoses were found as follows: pressure ulcer risk, tissue integrity impaired, feeding self-care deficit, infection risk, fall risk and acute pain. Related factors analyses and defining characteristics outlined NOC objectives and interventions (NIC) for patient care and for caregivers guidance. It was observed that well-oriented caregivers can promote injury prevention actions while improving life quality of a bedridden patient with self-care limitations related to aging process. Final considerations: Application of nursing process promotes effectiveness as well as quality in care and guidance towards the patient, while nursing role should be emphasized when guiding, teaching and raising awareness among elderly patients as well as their caregivers in home care.
Conversas docentes no Whatsapp forjando aprendizagens multirreferenciadas e autorias docentes
Authors: Jesus Rosana Sales de , Amaral Mirian Maia do 
Published: May 2021

Este artigo, subproduto de uma pesquisa de mestrado, realizada em uma escola pública da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro, objetiva compreender como conversas tecidas no WhatsApp, pelos professores da educação básica, podem contribuir para seus processos formativos e autorais. Nesse intento, dialogamos com as abordagens de Alves (2008); Andrade, Caldas e Alves (2019); Certeau (2013); Santaella (2013); Santos, (2005, 2014, 2019); Silva (2003, 2014), entre outros. A metodologia inscreveu-se na bricolagem dos princípios da multirreferencialidade com a pesquisa com os cotidianos na cibercultura, o que nos possibilitou engendrar atos de currículo que fizeram emergir conversas que forjaram processos de auto, hetero, eco e trans (formação), materializados em aprendizagens e autorias diversos. Desse modo, concluímos que o uso do aplicativo pode mediar conexões entre os professores para além do uso social, instituindo-se como um espaço de ensino, aprendizagem e formação na cibercultura.
Design Instrucional: perspectiva didático-metodológica para integração da tecnologia na formação docente
Authors: Barbosa Pereira Hiêda Claudia 
Published: May 2021

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo propor uma metodologia didático-pedagógica para a disciplina Integração das Mídias e Novas Tecnologias (TDIC), implementada no curso normal em nível médio dos colégios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, possibilitando contribuir para a formação inicial docente, no que se refere ao uso pedagógico das TDIC. Elaborada por meio de ‘Design Instrucional’ e disponibilizada no site M.E.N.T.E, a metodologia delineou a estratégia didática e a metodologia ativa que, mediadas por um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, abordaram temas que propiciam o pensamento crítico durante as aulas. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, adotou a observação participante, pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e documental. Como resultado, a partir triangulação dos dados coletados, verificou-se que esta pesquisa proporcionou reflexões acerca da formação interdisciplinar que prioriza a formação do profissional prático e reflexivo, concluindo-se que disponibilizou uma metodologia interdisciplinar que apresentou um paradigma efetivo para a implementação de novas práticas ao trabalho do professor.
Meios digitais, ensino e prática docente: mudanças e permanências no contexto da pandemia de COVID 19
Authors: Costa Patricia Coelho , Teixeira Luiz Augusto Cavalcante 
Published: May 2021

O tema deste artigo é o ensino praticado por professores de instituições privadas localizadas no município do Rio de Janeiro por meios digitais nos períodos anterior e posterior a interrupção das aulas presenciais pela pandemia de Covid 19. O ensino por meios digitais não se confunde com ensino a distância, pois não existe intenção de substituir a escolaridadetradicional. A partir da análise de entrevistas com docentes que trabalham em cursos online ou em colégios que adotam sistema de aulas moduladas, a pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as permanências e as mudanças neste tipo de ensino a partir de experiências pedagógicas do ensino presencial e do ensino remoto. Foram investigadas o processo de virtualização da sala de aula, a interatividade e a questão da propriedade intelectual e o uso de imagem na internet. Os resultados apontam que as aulas por meios digitais em tempos de pandemia de Covid 19 refletem desafios e problemas do ensino modulado presencial.
Double Trouble: Rare Presentations of Molar Dens Evaginatus
Authors: Chung Matthew , Coyle Catherine 
Published: May 2021

Prevalence of dens evaginatus (DE) is very rare in molars, with only nine previous cases described, and all involving patients of Asian heritage. This article presents two unique cases of molar DE in European patients of 10 and 5 years of age, and a review of the current literature. The aim of the article is to review the aetiology, diagnosis, clinical significance and management of teeth affected with DE. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dens evaginatus describe teeth with supplemental cusps that may contain pulpal tissue. These are susceptible to wear, fracture and caries. This may lead to pain and pulpal necrosis. Early diagnosis and management are key to prevent symptoms and optimize tooth prognosis
Biochemical sensing exploiting plasmonic sensors based on gold nanogratings and polymer optical fibers
Authors: Arcadio Francesco , Zeni Luigi , Montemurro Domenico , Eramo Caterina , Di Ronza Stefania , Perri Chiara , D’Agostino Girolamo , Chiaretti Guido , Porto Giovanni , Cennamo Nunzio 
Published: May 2021

In this work, we present a novel biochemical sensing approach based on a plasmonic sensor chip, combined with a specific receptor, excited and interrogated via a custom 3D-printed holder through a transmission-based experimental setup, exploiting polymer optical fibers. The setup is designed to measure a disposable plasmonic chip based on a gold nanograting fabricated on a polymethylmethacrylate substrate. The examined sensor configurations here presented are simulated, realized, and experimentally tested. More specifically, first, a numerical analysis is carried out by changing several sensor parameters, then an experimental optical characterization of different sensor configurations is reported. Finally, to test the biosensing capabilities of the proposed method, as a proof of concept, we deposit on the best sensor configuration a biomimetic receptor specific for bovine serum albumin detection. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor shows an ultra-low limit of detection, equal to about 37 pmol/L.