bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Process Diameter Measurement Technique for Micro-Optical Fiber with Standing Wave Illumination
Authors: Michihata Masaki , Zheng Zhao , Funaiwa Daiki , Murakami Sojiro , Kadoya Shotaro , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an in-process measurement method of the diameter of micro-optical fiber such as a tapered optical fiber. The proposed technique is based on analyzing optically scattered light generated by standing wave illumination. The proposed method is significant in that it requires an only limited measurement range and does not require a high dynamic range sensor. These properties are suitable for in-process measurement. This experiment verified that the proposed method could measure a fiber diameter as stable as ± 0.01 μm under an air turbulence environment. As a result of comparing the measured diameter distribution with those by scanning electron microscopy, it was confirmed that the proposed method has a measurement accuracy better than several hundred nanometers.
Leaders on a Mindfulness-Based Program: Experience, Impact, and Effect on Leadership Role
Authors: Dix Deryl , Norton Katie , Griffith Gemma M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough there is putative evidence that mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) may contribute to leadership skills, little is known about the direct experience of leaders who attend such programs. It is therefore unknown how MBPs delivered in the corporate environment are experienced by leaders, or how MBPs may facilitate leadership development. This qualitative study explored how leaders experienced an MBP, introduced as a part of a wider leadership development program, and the impact of this intervention on their work lives and leadership role. Participants (N = 10) were leaders who worked for a global manufacturing organization and who had attended a three-day mindfulness-based program as part of a leadership development program. They were interviewed and the data was analysed using thematic analysis. Following the MBP, eight participants reported enhanced emotional awareness, and a greater understanding of the impact of work-related stress, which in turn helped their leadership role. Two did not see how mindfulness could enhance their leadership skills although the MBP was well received by most of the participants. Three superordinate themes were identified: (1) The participant journey: Mixed experiences of the MBP; (2) A clash of cultures: The challenge of integrating mindfulness into the workplace, and (3) Impact on leadership. These results may inform future research, program design, and implementation.
Woody biochar potential for abandoned mine land restoration in the U.S.: a review
Authors: Rodriguez-Franco Carlos , Page-Dumroese Deborah S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are thousands of abandoned mine land (AML) sites in the U.S. that need to be restored to reduce wind and water erosion, provide wildlife forage, shade streams, and improve productivity. Biochar created from woody biomass that would normally be burned in slash piles can be applied to soil to improve soil properties and is one method to restore AML soil productive capacity. Using this ‘waste’ biomass for biochar and reclamation activities will reduce wildfire risk, air pollution from burning, and particulates released from burning wood. Biochar has the potential to improve water quality, bind heavy metals, or decrease toxic chemical concentrations, while improving soil health to establish sustainable plant cover, thereby preventing soil erosion, leaching, or other unintended, negative environmental consequences. Using forest residues to create biochar also helps reduce woody biomass and improves forest health and resilience. We address concerns surrounding organic and inorganic contaminants on the biochar and how this might affect its’ efficacy and provide valuable information to increase restoration activities on AMLs using biochar alone or in combination with other organic amendments. Several examples of AML biochar restoration sites initiated to evaluate short- and long-term above- and belowground ecosystem responses are presented.
“Exit” vs. “Voice”: Global Sourcing, Multinational Production, and the China Trade Lobby
Authors: Zeng Ka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of three different forms of global economic engagement on the lobbying behavior of US businesses with regard to trade relations with China: (a) input sourcing; (b) downstream export; and (c) vertical foreign direct investment. It will be hypothesized that firms involved in all three forms of global economic activities should have incentives to lobby over China-related trade issues in order to maintain unimpeded access to sources of supply or markets and to ensure the smooth operation of the entire supply chain. Going further, drawing on the exit-voice framework developed by Albert Hirschman (1972), it will be argued that compared to firms in those industries mainly involved in input sourcing from China, American multinational corporations that have verticalized their production should have even stronger incentives to engage in lobbying activities and “voice” their policy preferences due to their greater “sunk costs” and hence the higher cost of “exit.” Statistical analysis of the China trade-related lobbying activities of US firms between 2006 and 2016 lends substantial support to these conjectures.
Explaining Support for COVID-19 Cell Phone Contact Tracing
Authors: Rheault Ludovic , Musulan Andreea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContact tracing applications have been deployed at a fast pace around the world to stop the spread of COVID-19 and may be key to containing future pandemics. This study aims to explain public opinion toward cell phone contact tracing using a survey experiment. We build upon a theory in evolutionary psychology—disease avoidance—to predict how media coverage of the pandemic affects public support for containment measures. We report three key findings. First, exposure to a news item that shows people ignoring social distancing rules causes an increase in support for cell phone contact tracing. Second, pre-treatment covariates such as anxiety and a belief that other people are not following the rules rank among the strongest predictors of support for COVID-19 apps. And third, while a majority of respondents approve of the reliance on cell phone contact tracing, concerns for rights and freedoms remain a salient preoccupation.
Age, growth and mortality of the striped seabream Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gulf of Tunis (Central Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Khaldi Asma , Chater Ines , Elleboode Romain , Mahé Kélig , Chakroun-Marzouk Nadia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the high commercial value of the striped seabream Lithognathus mormyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gulf of Tunis, biological data on its age, growth and exploitation rate are lacking. With the aim of estimating growth parameters, 516 individuals, ranging from 6–27.5 cm total length and from 3.5–293.5 g total weight, were collected from the artisanal fishing fleet between February 2014 and July 2016. The somatic growth presented a positive allometry and was described by the equation TW = 6.54 10−3TL3.213. The monthly analysis of the marginal increment of the otoliths revealed that only one annulus was deposited per year. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: L∞ = 30.18 cm, k = 0.303 year−1 and t0 = −1.42 years. Total and natural instantaneous rates of mortality were respectively Z = 0.784 year−1 and M = 0.698 year−1. Exploitation rate (E = 0.1) showed that the Gulf of Tunis stock of L. mormyrus is not overexploited. The estimated length class giving highest yield (Lopt) was 17.15 ± 1.71 cm.
Prediction of suicide attempts in a prospective cohort study with a nationally representative sample of the US population
Authors: Machado Cristiane dos Santos , Ballester Pedro L. , Cao Bo , Mwangi Benson , Caldieraro Marco Antonio , Kapczinski Flávio , Passos Ives Cavalcante 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is still little knowledge of objective suicide risk stratification.MethodsThis study aims to develop models using machine-learning approaches to predict suicide attempt (1) among survey participants in a nationally representative sample and (2) among participants with lifetime major depressive episodes. We used a cohort called the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) that was conducted in two waves and included a nationally representative sample of the adult population in the United States. Wave 1 involved 43 093 respondents and wave 2 involved 34 653 completed face-to-face reinterviews with wave 1 participants. Predictor variables included clinical, stressful life events, and sociodemographic variables from wave 1; outcome included suicide attempt between wave 1 and wave 2.ResultsThe model built with elastic net regularization distinguished individuals who had attempted suicide from those who had not with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89, balanced accuracy 81.86%, specificity 89.22%, and sensitivity 74.51% for the general population. For participants with lifetime major depressive episodes, AUC was 0.89, balanced accuracy 81.64%, specificity 85.86%, and sensitivity 77.42%. The most important predictor variables were a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and being of Asian descent for the model in all participants; and previous suicide attempt, borderline personality disorder, and overnight stay in hospital because of depressive symptoms for the model in participants with lifetime major depressive episodes. Random forest and artificial neural networks had similar performance.ConclusionsRisk for suicide attempt can be estimated with high accuracy.
Differentiated nomological networks of internalizing, externalizing, and the general factor of psychopathology (‘p factor’) in emerging adolescence in the ABCD study
Authors: Brislin Sarah J. , Martz Meghan E. , Joshi Sonalee , Duval Elizabeth R. , Gard Arianna , Clark D. Angus , Hyde Luke W. , Hicks Brian M. , Taxali Aman , Angstadt Mike , Rutherford Saige , Heitzeg Mary M. , Sripada Chandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundStructural models of psychopathology consistently identify internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) specific factors as well as a superordinate factor that captures their shared variance, the p factor. Questions remain, however, about the meaning of these data-driven dimensions and the interpretability and distinguishability of the larger nomological networks in which they are embedded.MethodsThe sample consisted of 10 645 youth aged 9–10 years participating in the multisite Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. p, INT, and EXT were modeled using the parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Patterns of associations were examined with variables drawn from diverse domains including demographics, psychopathology, temperament, family history of substance use and psychopathology, school and family environment, and cognitive ability, using instruments based on youth-, parent-, and teacher-report, and behavioral task performance.Resultsp exhibited a broad pattern of statistically significant associations with risk variables across all domains assessed, including temperament, neurocognition, and social adversity. The specific factors exhibited more domain-specific patterns of associations, with INT exhibiting greater fear/distress and EXT exhibiting greater impulsivity.ConclusionsIn this largest study of hierarchical models of psychopathology to date, we found that p, INT, and EXT exhibit well-differentiated nomological networks that are interpretable in terms of neurocognition, impulsivity, fear/distress, and social adversity. These networks were, in contrast, obscured when relying on the a priori Internalizing and Externalizing dimensions of the CBCL scales. Our findings add to the evidence for the validity of p, INT, and EXT as theoretically and empirically meaningful broad psychopathology liabilities.
Interannual variability of hydrographic properties in Potter Cove during summers between 2010 and 2017
Authors: Ruiz Barlett E.M. , Sierra M.E. , Costa A.J. , Tosonotto G.V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe temporal and spatial variability of oceanographic properties in Potter Cove was analysed for the 2010–17 summer periods. This was linked with meteorological parameters and sea ice. The water column structure presented significant differences in turbidity between two areas (away from and closer to the Fourcade Glacier). The recent retreat has been transforming it into a land terminating glacier. Therefore, correlations obtained between oceanographic properties near the glacier and meteorological parameters reveal that atmospheric conditions are the main forcing of the Potter system, in agreement with previous studies. Also, high turbidity values within deeper waters in 2013 and 2014 were probably related to resuspended glacial sediment input into the cove. Interannual variability observed in the local parameters was connected to ENSO and SAM, reflecting a larger connection with ENSO, mainly in longer timescales. Colder waters during the 2010 and 2016 El Niño phases could be related to lower air temperature. In summer 2010 during a negative SAM phase, colder, more saline and low turbid waters were observed. Alternatively, in 2012 during La Niña and positive SAM, warmer, fresher and more turbid conditions were found with high vertical stratification. Finally, during 2015 (positive SAM), warmer and low salinity waters were observed.
Effects of prenatal artificial sweeteners consumption on birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Chenxi , Sivak Allison , Davenport Margie H 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the influence of prenatal artificial sweetener (AS) consumption on birth outcomes.Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting:Online databases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, FSTA – the food resource database, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched up to 9 April 2020. Studies of all designs (except case studies and reviews) were eligible, which contained information on the relevant population (pregnant women), intervention/exposure (any AS consumption), comparator (no AS consumption) and birth outcomes (preterm delivery, gestational age, birth weight).Results:From 677 citations, ten cohort studies and one randomised controlled trial (n 138 007 women) were included. ‘Low’ to ‘very low’ certainty evidence revealed that daily consumption of AS was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery (three studies, n 129 009; risk ratio = 1·18, 95 % CI 1·09, 1·28, I2 = 9 %), a 24 g increase in birth weight (three studies, n 64 417; mean difference (MD): 23·74 g, 95 % CI 0·89, 45·58, I2 = 0 %) and a 0·11 week decrease in gestational age (three studies, n 64 417; MD: –0·11 weeks, 95 % CI –0·19, –0·03, I2 = 0 %).Conclusions:‘Low’ to ‘very low’ certainty evidence suggests daily AS consumption during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery, increased birth weight and decreased gestational age. Additional ‘high’-quality research is urgently needed to further assess these relationships.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019136728.
Do expectations for post-retirement family and government support crowd out pre-retirement savings? Insights from the working-age population in Thailand
Authors: Witvorapong Nopphol , Yoon Yong , Pothisiri Wiraporn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on nationally representative data (N= 8,901), this study investigates the extent to which expectations for intra-family transfers and government assistance in old age impact the probability of saving for retirement among working-age individuals in Thailand. Results show that expectations for financial non-self-reliance and expectations that family support would constitute the most important source of old-age financial security reduce the probability that working-age individuals would save for retirement. Expectations for government support have no impact on average. Given that filial piety is weakening in Thailand, this study suggests that the government encourage pre-retirement savings more strongly.
THE COHOMOLOGY OF UNRAMIFIED RAPOPORT–ZINK SPACES OF EL-TYPE AND HARRIS’S CONJECTURE
Authors: Bertoloni Meli Alexander 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the l-adic cohomology of unramified Rapoport–Zink spaces of EL-type. These spaces were used in Harris and Taylor’s proof of the local Langlands correspondence for

$\mathrm {GL_n}$
and to show local–global compatibilities of the Langlands correspondence. In this paper we consider certain morphisms

$\mathrm {Mant}_{b, \mu }$
of Grothendieck groups of representations constructed from the cohomology of these spaces, as studied by Harris and Taylor, Mantovan, Fargues, Shin and others. Due to earlier work of Fargues and Shin we have a description of

$\mathrm {Mant}_{b, \mu }(\rho )$
for

$\rho $
a supercuspidal representation. In this paper, we give a conjectural formula for

$\mathrm {Mant}_{b, \mu }(\rho )$
for

$\rho $
an admissible representation and prove it when

$\rho $
is essentially square-integrable. Our proof works for general

$\rho $
conditionally on a conjecture appearing in Shin’s work. We show that our description agrees with a conjecture of Harris in the case of parabolic inductions of supercuspidal representations of a Levi subgroup.
LncRNA TINCR favors tumorigenesis via STAT3–TINCR–EGFR-feedback loop by recruiting DNMT1 and acting as a competing endogenous RNA in human breast cancer
Authors: Wang Qin , Liu Jiena , You Zilong , Yin Yanling , Liu Lei , Kang Yujuan , Li Siwei , Ning Shipeng , Li Hui , Gong Yajie , Xu Shouping , Pang Da 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TINCR has recently been found to be associated with the progression of human malignancies, but the molecular mechanism of TINCR action remains elusive, particularly in breast cancer. The oncogenic role of TINCR was examined in vitro and in vivo in breast cancer. Next, the interaction between TINCR, DNMT1, and miR-503-5p methylation was explored. Moreover, the mechanism by which TINCR enhances EGFR expression and downstream signaling via an RNA–RNA interaction was comprehensively investigated. Furthermore, upstream transcriptional regulation of TINCR expression by STAT3 was examined by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation. Finally, feedback signaling in the STAT3–TINCR–EGFR downstream cascade was also investigated. TINCR is upregulated in human breast cancer tissues, and TINCR knockdown suppresses tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TINCR recruits DNMT1 to the miR-503-5p locus promoter, which increases the methylation and suppresses the transcriptional expression of miR-503-5p. Furthermore, TINCR also functions as a competing endogenous RNA to upregulate EGFR expression by sponging miR-503-5p. In addition, TINCR stimulates JAK2–STAT3 signaling downstream from EGFR, and STAT3 reciprocally enhances the transcriptional expression of TINCR. Our findings broaden the current understanding of the diverse manners in which TINCR functions in cancer biology. The newly identified STAT3–TINCR–EGFR-feedback loop could serve as a potential therapeutic target for human cancer.
Serine synthesis pathway inhibition cooperates with dietary serine and glycine limitation for cancer therapy
Authors: Tajan Mylène , Hennequart Marc , Cheung Eric C. , Zani Fabio , Hock Andreas K. , Legrave Nathalie , Maddocks Oliver D. K. , Ridgway Rachel A. , Athineos Dimitris , Suárez-Bonnet Alejandro , Ludwig Robert L. , Novellasdemunt Laura , Angelis Nikolaos , Li Vivian S. W. , Vlachogiannis Georgios , Valeri Nicola , Mainolfi Nello , Suri Vipin , Friedman Adam , Manfredi Mark , Blyth Karen , Sansom Owen J. , Vousden Karen H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany tumour cells show dependence on exogenous serine and dietary serine and glycine starvation can inhibit the growth of these cancers and extend survival in mice. However, numerous mechanisms promote resistance to this therapeutic approach, including enhanced expression of the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) enzymes or activation of oncogenes that drive enhanced serine synthesis. Here we show that inhibition of PHGDH, the first step in the SSP, cooperates with serine and glycine depletion to inhibit one-carbon metabolism and cancer growth. In vitro, inhibition of PHGDH combined with serine starvation leads to a defect in global protein synthesis, which blocks the activation of an ATF-4 response and more broadly impacts the protective stress response to amino acid depletion. In vivo, the combination of diet and inhibitor shows therapeutic efficacy against tumours that are resistant to diet or drug alone, with evidence of reduced one-carbon availability. However, the defect in ATF4-response seen in vitro following complete depletion of available serine is not seen in mice, where dietary serine and glycine depletion and treatment with the PHGDH inhibitor lower but do not eliminate serine. Our results indicate that inhibition of PHGDH will augment the therapeutic efficacy of a serine depleted diet.
An N-terminal conserved region in human Atg3 couples membrane curvature sensitivity to conjugase activity during autophagy
Authors: Ye Yansheng , Tyndall Erin R. , Bui Van , Tang Zhenyuan , Shen Yan , Jiang Xuejun , Flanagan John M. , Wang Hong-Gang , Tian Fang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring autophagy the enzyme Atg3 catalyzes the covalent conjugation of LC3 to the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids, which is one of the key steps in autophagosome formation. Here, we have demonstrated that an N-terminal conserved region of human Atg3 (hAtg3) communicates information from the N-terminal membrane curvature-sensitive amphipathic helix (AH), which presumably targets the enzyme to the tip of phagophore, to the C-terminally located catalytic core for LC3–PE conjugation. Mutations in the putative communication region greatly reduce or abolish the ability of hAtg3 to catalyze this conjugation in vitro and in vivo, and alter the membrane-bound conformation of the wild-type protein, as reported by NMR. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the N-terminal conserved region of hAtg3 works in concert with its geometry-selective AH to promote LC3–PE conjugation only on the target membrane, and substantiate the concept that highly curved membranes drive spatial regulation of the autophagosome biogenesis during autophagy.