bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host Bloodmeal Source Has No Significant Effect on the Fecundity and Subsequent Larval Development Traits of the Progeny in Culicoides furens Poey (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Erram Dinesh , Vincent Black Theodore , Burkett-Cadena Nathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Culicoides Latreille species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are insects of significant medical and veterinary importance worldwide because their bites can cause major annoyance, allergic reactions, and/or pathogen transmission to vertebrates, including humans. In this study, we examined the effect of host bloodmeal source on the fecundity and subsequent larval development traits of the progeny of Culicoides furens Poey, a nuisance species in coastal Florida. Field-collected females were fed on two different classes of hosts: birds (chicken) or mammals (human). Fecundity outcomes of the females and larval developmental traits of the progeny were recorded and compared between the two groups. The percentage of females that developed eggs, percentage of gravid females that deposited eggs, number of eggs produced per female, number of eggs deposited per female, egg hatch rates, larval survival rates, time to pupation, pupal sex-ratios, and adult eclosion rates were not significantly different between the two groups. Our results demonstrate that the host bloodmeal source has no significant effect on the fecundity and subsequent larval developmental life-history traits of the progeny in C. furens. Previous studies reported C. furens to be a generalist feeder that shows no host preference for birds or mammals. Collectively, these findings suggest that C. furens is well adapted, not just behaviorally, but also physiologically to efficiently utilize blood meals from avian and mammalian hosts, a quality that offers a major evolutionary advantage to the success of this midge species as a generalist feeder.
Adulticide Resistance Status ofAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) in Sarawak State, Malaysia
Authors: Lau Koon Weng , Chen Chee Dhang , Low Van Lun , Lee Han Lim , Azidah Abdul Aziz , Sofian-Azirun Mohd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResistance status of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from 13 districts in Sarawak State, Malaysia, was evaluated against four major classes of adulticides, namely organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid. Adult bioassays were performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard protocols to assess knockdown and mortality rates of Ae. albopictus. Among the tested pyrethroids, only cyfluthrin was able to exhibit complete knockdown. On the other hand, different susceptibility and resistance patterns were observed in other adulticides. As for mortality rates, the mosquitoes were susceptible to cyfluthrin and dieldrin but exhibited various susceptibilities to other tested adulticides. Cross-resistance was discovered within and between tested insecticide classes. Significant correlations were found within pyrethroid and carbamate classes (i.e., bendiocab and propoxur, P = 0.036; etofenprox and permethrin, P = 0.000; deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, P = 0.822; deltamethrin and permethrin, P = 0.042). Additionally, insecticides belonging to different groups were also found significantly correlated (i.e., malathion and deltamethin, P = 0.019; malathion and bendiocarb, P = 0.008; malathion and propoxur, P = 0.007; and bendiocarb and deltamethrin, P = 0.031). In conclusion, cyfluthrin was effective for Aedes albopictus control in Sarawak State and these data may assist local authorities to improve future vector control operations.
International Arbitration and Cross-Border Insolvency—Friends or Foes? Revisiting the Role of Arbitration in Resolving Cross-border Insolvency-Related Disputes
Authors: Hristova Velislava , Alvarado Garzón Andrés Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the midst of a global pandemic, whose economic consequences are still unfolding, cross-border insolvencies loom closer. Besides the ripple effect cross-border insolvency cases might have on the economy, another cause of concern lies in the complexity of resolving such cases. Against this backdrop, this contribution posits that international arbitration may facilitate the resolution of some of the cross-border insolvency-related disputes as long as certain safeguards are put in place. Consequently, the perceived advantages of international arbitration may ease the already intricate cross-border insolvency proceedings, relieving insolvency courts around the world.
Light Chain–Predominant Multiple Myeloma Subgroup: Impaired Renal Function Correlates with Decreased Survival
Authors: Singh Gurmukh , Savage Natasha M , Jillella Anand P , Bollag Roni J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Patients with light chain–predominant multiple myeloma have been shown to exhibit shorter survival. Retrospective comparison of clinical and laboratory data was undertaken to ascertain the likely cause(s) of this observation.

Methods
Records of patients with multiple myeloma seen at 1 institution revealed 316 patients with conventional and 71 patients with light chain–predominant multiple myelomas with secretion of intact immunoglobulins. Laboratory and clinical findings in the 2 groups were compared.

Results
Patients with light chain–predominant multiple myeloma had a significantly higher death rate, a higher rate of chronic dialysis, a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin, a significantly higher urine protein concentration, and a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and blood transfusion requirements. Other clinical and laboratory parameters surveyed were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Conclusion
The shorter survival of patients with light chain–predominant multiple myeloma is clearly associated with renal damage caused by excess free immunoglobulin light chains. Renal damage may be ameliorated by early aggressive treatment with chemotherapy, plasmapheresis, and dialysis; a multi-institutional prospective controlled trial would be needed to test this hypothesis.
Suppressed cooling and turbulent heating in the core of X-ray luminous clusters RXCJ1504.1-0248 and Abell 1664
Authors: Liu Haonan , Fabian Andrew C , Pinto Ciro , Russell Helen R , Sanders Jeremy S , McNamara Brian R 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the analysis of XMM–Newton observations of two X-ray luminous cool core clusters, RXCJ1504.1-0248 and Abell 1664. The Reflection Grating Spectrometer reveals a radiative cooling rate of $180\pm 40\, \rm M_{\odot }\rm \, yr^{-1}$ and $34\pm 6\, \rm M_{\odot }\rm \, yr^{-1}$ in RXCJ1504.1-0248 and Abell 1664 for gas above 0.7 keV, respectively. These cooling rates are higher than the star formation rates observed in the clusters and support simultaneous star formation and molecular gas mass growth on a time-scale of 3 × 108 yr or longer. At these rates, the energy of the X-ray cooling gas is inadequate to power the observed UV/optical line-emitting nebulae, which suggests additional strong heating. No significant residual cooling is detected below 0.7 keV in RXCJ1504.1-0248. By simultaneously fitting the first- and second-order spectra, we place an upper limit on turbulent velocity of 300 km $\rm s^{-1}$ at 90 per cent confidence level for the soft X-ray emitting gas in both clusters. The turbulent energy density is considered to be less than 8.9 and 27 per cent of the thermal energy density in RXCJ1504.1-0248 and Abell 1664, respectively. This means that it is insufficient for AGN heating to fully propagate throughout the cool core via turbulence. We find that the cool X-ray component of Abell 1664 (∼0.8 keV) is blueshifted from the systemic velocity by 750$^{+800}_{-280}$ km $\rm s^{-1}$. This is consistent with one component of the molecular gas in the core and suggests a similar dynamical structure for the two phases. We find that an intrinsic absorption model allows the cooling rate to increase to $520\pm 30\, \rm M_{\odot }\rm \, yr^{-1}$ in RXCJ1504.1-0248.
Hinting a dark matter nature of Sgr A* via the S-stars
Authors: Becerra-Vergara E A , Argüelles C R , Krut A , Rueda J A , Ruffini R 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The motion data of the S-stars around the Galactic Centre gathered in the last 28 yr imply that Sgr A* hosts a supermassive compact object of about $4 \times 10^6\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, a result awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020. A non-rotating black hole (BH) nature of Sgr A* has been uncritically adopted since the S-star orbits agree with Schwarzschild geometry geodesics. The orbit of S2 has served as a test of general relativity predictions such as the gravitational redshift and the relativistic precession. The central BH model is, however, challenged by the G2 post-peripassage motion and by the lack of observations on event-horizon-scale distances robustly pointing to its univocal presence. We have recently shown that the S2 and G2 astrometry data are better fitted by geodesics in the spacetime of a self-gravitating dark matter core–halo distribution of 56 keV-fermions, ‘darkinos’, which also explains the outer halo Galactic rotation curves. This letter confirms and extends this conclusion using the astrometry data of the 17 best-resolved S-stars, thereby strengthening the alternative nature of Sgr A* as a dense core of darkinos.
Upregulation of RNA cap methyltransferase RNMT drives ribosome biogenesis during T cell activation
Authors: Galloway Alison , Kaskar Aneesa , Ditsova Dimitrinka , Atrih Abdelmadjid , Yoshikawa Harunori , Gomez-Moreira Carolina , Suska Olga , Warminski Marcin , Grzela Renata , Lamond Angus I , Darzynkiewicz Edward , Jemielity Jacek , Cowling Victoria H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The m7G cap is ubiquitous on RNAPII-transcribed RNA and has fundamental roles in eukaryotic gene expression, however its in vivo role in mammals has remained unknown. Here, we identified the m7G cap methyltransferase, RNMT, as a key mediator of T cell activation, which specifically regulates ribosome production. During T cell activation, induction of mRNA expression and ribosome biogenesis drives metabolic reprogramming, rapid proliferation and differentiation generating effector populations. We report that RNMT is induced by T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and co-ordinates the mRNA, snoRNA and rRNA production required for ribosome biogenesis. Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we demonstrate that RNMT selectively regulates the expression of terminal polypyrimidine tract (TOP) mRNAs, targets of the m7G-cap binding protein LARP1. The expression of LARP1 targets and snoRNAs involved in ribosome biogenesis is selectively compromised in Rnmt cKO CD4 T cells resulting in decreased ribosome synthesis, reduced translation rates and proliferation failure. By enhancing ribosome abundance, upregulation of RNMT co-ordinates mRNA capping and processing with increased translational capacity during T cell activation.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among Belgian workers in long-term care facilities
Authors: Mylle G , Vanacker H , Verbeek C , Bulterys S , Godderis L , De Schryver A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) can be a source of SARS-CoV-2 within long-term care facilities (LTCFs); therefore, we analysed the data from a testing programme among LTCF employees.

Aims
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants among employees of LTCFs and the risk for fellow workers and residents.

Methods
Testing started at week 15, the first wave’s peak, using nasopharyngeal swabs for PCR up to week 23. At the start of the second wave (week 32), testing resumed.

Results
A total of 32 457 test results were available from 446 LTCFs: 2% were positive: 1% in men, 2% in women, 2% in HCWs (=having patient contact), 1% in non-HCWs, higher in younger age groups. In total, 30 729 employees were tested once, 823 twice, 66 thrice and 4 four times. Prevalence was 13% during the first week of testing (week 15) and declined to 7% (week 16) to stay at around 1% (from week 17 until week 23). At the start of the second wave (week 31–33), the prevalence was around 3%. In 70% of positive tests, the employee was asymptomatic.

Conclusions
Our study confirms the presence of HCWs with SARS-CoV-2 as a possible source of infection in LTCFs even when the incidence in the general population was low; 70% were asymptomatic. To control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in LTCFs vaccination, infection prevention and control measures are necessary as well as testing of all LTCF HCWs during possible outbreaks, even if asymptomatic.
EAR domain-containing transcription factors trigger PRC2-mediated chromatin marking in Arabidopsis
Authors: Baile Fernando , Merini Wiam , Hidalgo Inés , Calonje Myriam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) complexes ensure that every cell in an organism expresses the genes needed at a particular stage, time, or condition. However, it is still not fully understood how PcG complexes PcG-repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 are recruited to target genes in plants. Recent findings in Arabidopsis thaliana support the notion that PRC2 recruitment is mediated by different transcription factors (TFs). However, it is unclear how all these TFs interact with PRC2 and whether they also recruit PRC1 activity. Here, by using a system to bind selected TFs to a synthetic promoter lacking the complexity of PcG target promoters in vivo, we show that while binding of the TF VIVIPAROUS1/ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 recapitulates PRC1 and PRC2 marking, the binding of other TFs only renders PRC2 marking. Interestingly, all these TFs contain an Ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated Amphiphilic Repression (EAR) domain that triggers both HISTONE DEACETYLASE COMPLEX and PRC2 activities, connecting two different repressive mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that different TFs can have an additive effect on PRC2 activity, which may be required to maintain long-term repression of gene expression.
Explaining Intergovernmental Conflict in the COVID-19 Crisis: The United States, Canada, and Australia
Authors: Lecours André , Béland Daniel , Fenna Alan , Fenwick Tracy Beck , Paquet Mireille , Rocco Philip , Waddan Alex 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic produced more significant immediate intergovernmental conflict in the U.S. than in Australia and Canada. This article considers three variables for this cross-national divergence: presidentialism versus parliamentarism; vertical party integration; and strength of intergovernmental arrangements. We find that the U.S. presidential system, contrary to parliamentarism in Canada and Australia, provided an opportunity for a populist outsider skeptical of experts to win the presidency and pursue a personalized style that favored intergovernmental conflict in times of crisis. Then, the intergovernmental conflict-inducing effect of the Trump presidency during the pandemic was compounded by the vertical integration of political parties, which provided incentives for the President to criticize Democratic governors and vice-versa. Third, the virtual absence of any structure for intergovernmental relations in the United States meant that, unlike Australian states and Canadian provinces, American states struggled to get the federal government’s attention and publicly deplored its lack of leadership.
The Association of Feeding Practices and Sociodemographic Factors on Underweight and Wasting in Children in Ethiopia: A Secondary Analysis of Four Health Surveys from 2000 to 2016
Authors: Hiruy Aschalew Fikru , Xiong Qianqian , Jin Qiman , Zhao Jing , Lin Xuechun , He Shuiqing , Abebe Anissa , Zuo Xuezhi , Ying Chenjiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Feeding practices highly influence the nutritional status of children between 6 and 23 months of age in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association of feeding practices and sociodemographic factors on underweight and wasting of children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods
Data on 8003 children 6–23 months of age from four Ethiopia demographic and health surveys (EDHS) from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed using complex sample crosstabs for multivariate analysis. The association of feeding practices and sociodemographic factors on underweight and wasting was assessed via multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting the covariates. The outcomes were reported based on the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Male children, very small at birth size children, diarrhea and fever, and short stature mother were risk factors for underweight and wasting (p &lt; 0.05–0.001). Also, minimum dietary diversity, rich and middle-income families, vitamin A in the previous 6 months and antenatal care visits during pregnancy were protective factors for both underweight and wasting (p &lt; 0.05–0.001). Minimum meal frequency was significantly related to lower odds of wasting (p &lt; 0.001). Higher age of the child was significantly associated with underweight (p &lt; 0.05–0.001); however, it was less likely wasted (p &lt; 0.05–0.01).

Conclusion
The present study depicted that among infant young children feeding core indicators except breastfed, all the other indicators did not met the required standard; however, sociodemographic factors on four health surveys from 2000 to 2016 were associated with underweight and wasting in children in Ethiopia.

LAY SUMMARY
• Over the years the prevalence of underweight in children aged 6–23 months in the country has shown a significant improvement from 40.2% in 2000 to 34.7% in 2005, then further reduced to 28.9% and 20.0% in 2011 and 2016 EDHS, respectively.
• In the same manner, the prevalence of wasting in children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia also observed improvement from 18.9% in 2000 to 16.7% in 2005, then further reduced to 15.4% and 13.9% in 2011 and 2016 EDHS, respectively.
• Male children, very small at birth size children, diarrhea and fever (for the last 2 weeks), and short stature mother were risk factors for underweight and wasting.
• Minimum dietary diversity, rich and middle-income families, vitamin A in the previous 6 months and antenatal care visits during pregnancy were protective factors for both underweight and wasting.
• Minimum meal frequency was significantly related to lower odds of wasting.
• Higher age of the children was significantly associated with underweight; however, less likely wasted.
Chronic Use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and/or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers is Not Associated With Stroke After Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Rajan Shobana , Ahuja Sanchit , Cohen Barak , Martin Adriana , Pursell Amanda , Liang Chen , Mao Guangmei , Komatsu Ryu , Farag Ehab , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: May 2021

Background:Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathways reduces blood pressure and proliferation of vascular smooth muscles and may therefore reduce the risk of stroke. We tested the hypothesis that patients taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for at least 6 months have fewer postoperative strokes after non-neurological, noncarotid, and noncardiac surgeries than those who do not.Methods:We considered adults who had noncardiac surgery at the Cleveland Clinic between January 2005 and December 2017. After excluding neurological and carotid surgeries, we assessed the confounder-adjusted association between chronic use of ACEIs/ARBs (during 6 preoperative months) and the incidence of postoperative stroke using logistic regression models.Results:Postoperative strokes occurred in 0.26% (27/10,449) of patients who were chronic ACEI/ARBs users and in 0.18% (112/62,771) of those who were not. There was no significant association between ACEI/ARB use and postoperative stroke, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-1.44;P=0.24). Secondarily, there was no association between exposures to ACEIs and postoperative stroke, versus no such exposure (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% CI: 0.65-1.19;P=0.33). Similarly, there was no association between exposure to ARBs and postoperative stroke, versus no such exposure (adjusted odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI: 0.75-1.48;P=0.75).Conclusion:We did not detect an effect of chronic ACEI/ARB use on postoperative strokes in patients who had non-neurological, noncarotid and noncardiac surgery; however, power was extremely limited.
Pseudomonas quercus sp. nov, associated with leaf spot disease of Quercus mongolica
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Shengkun , Bian Danran , Sun Shang , Ma Tengfei 
Published: May 2021

Two Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria strains were isolated from leaf spot disease of Quercus mongolica. Strain hsmgli-8T has 99.86 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to LY10J, and the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to

Pseudomonas cerasi

58T (97.2 %), then

Pseudomonas ficuserectae

JCM 2400T (97.18 %),

Pseudomonas meliae

CFBP 3225T,

Pseudomonas tremae

CFBP 6111T and

Pseudomonas congelans

DSM 14939T (all 97.12 %), and less than 97.1 % similarity to other recognized species. In phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and multilocus sequence data, the two novel strains form a separate branch, indicating that they do not belong to any

Pseudomonas

group and subgroup, and should belong to a novel species within the genus

Pseudomonas

. This assertion is also supported by the results of genome average nucleotide identity analysis. The major fatty acids are C16 : 0, C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1
ω6c, C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c. Polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid and seven uncharacterized phospholipids. The predominant respiratory quinone is Q-9. The DNA G+C content is 59.45–59.50 mol%. Based on these data, we propose that the two novel strains should be assigned as a novel species within the genus

Pseudomonas

. We propose that the novel strains be named Pseudomonas quercus sp. nov. The type strain is hsmgli-8T (=CFCC 15739T=LMG 31544T).
Cellvibrio polysaccharolyticus sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium isolated from agricultural soil
Authors: Tóth Ákos , Máté Rózsa , Kutasi József , Bata-Vidács Ildikó , Tóth Erika , Táncsics András , Kovács Gábor , Nagy István , Kukolya József 
Published: May 2021

A novel Gram-reaction-negative bacterial strain, designated Ka43T, was isolated from agricultural soil and characterised using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain shows highest similarity (97.1 %) to

Cellvibrio diazotrophicus

E50T. Cells of strain Ka43T are aerobic, motile, short rods. The major fatty acids are summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C18 : 1
ω7c and C16 : 0. The only isoprenoid quinone is Q-8. The polar lipid profile includes phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, four phospholipids, two lipids and an aminolipid. The assembled genome of strain Ka43T has a total length of 4.2 Mb and the DNA G+C content is 51.6 mol%. Based on phenotypic data, including chemotaxonomic characteristics and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, it was concluded that strain Ka43T represents a novel species in the genus

Cellvibrio

, for which the name Cellvibrio polysaccharolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Ka43T (=LMG 31577T=NCAIM B.02637T).