bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Shared Governance on Nurse-Sensitive Indicator and Satisfaction Outcomes: An International Comparison
Authors: Speroni Karen Gabel , Wisner Kirsten , Stafford Amy , Haines Fiona , AL-Ruzzieh Majeda A. , Walters Cynthia , Budhathoki Chakra 
Published: April 2021

Objective
Researchers examined associations between Index for Professional Nursing Governance (IPNG) scores and outcomes, by US and international hospitals.

Background
Nursing governance and effects on nurse-related outcomes are not well studied.

Methods
Associations were evaluated using average IPNG scores from 2170 RNs and nurse-sensitive indicators (NSIs) and patient and RN satisfaction outcomes (n = 205 study units, 20 hospitals, 4 countries).

Results
International units had better IPNG shared governance scores (113.5; US = 100.6; P < 0.001), and outcomes outperforming unit benchmarks (6 of 15, 40.0%; US = 2 of 15, 13.3%). Shared governance significantly outperformed traditional governance for 5 of 20 (25.0%) US outcomes (patient satisfaction = 1, RN satisfaction = 4) and for 3 of 11 (27.3%) international (patient satisfaction = 1, RN satisfaction = 2). Internationally, self-governance significantly outperformed traditional governance and shared governance for 5 of 12 (41.7%) outcomes (NSI = 2, patient satisfaction = 3).

Conclusions
Shared governance is a strategy that can be considered by nurse leaders for improving select outcomes.
Connecting Nursing Students and Older Adults
Authors: Bowling Hilary , Murray Lori , Eichler Timothy , Usher Barbara , Fennimore Laura 
Published: April 2021

Background
Aging populations have an increased need for health care services. Nursing students are often introduced to care of older adults through a clinical experience in a skilled nursing facility, which can negatively bias a student's attitudes toward this population.

Purpose
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students toward older adults.

Method
Students (N = 104) completed a minimum of 5 visits with an independent community-dwelling older adult. Student attitudes toward older adults were measured before and after the experience using the Polizzi Refined Aging Semantic Differential Scale. Student and older adult participants responded to satisfaction surveys.

Results
Statistical and clinically significant improvements in student attitudes were noted after the service-learning intervention.

Conclusions
Nurse educators can impact the way nursing students view the older adult population by including intergenerational service-learning experiences in the curriculum.
False-Positive Axillary Lymph Nodes on FDG PET/CT Resulting From COVID-19 Immunization
Authors: Nawwar Ayah Adel , Searle Julie , Hopkins Richard , Lyburn Iain Douglas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
World-wide mass COVID-19 vaccination has been deployed starting with those most vulnerable, including the elderly and cancer patients. A 70-year-old man with right lung cancer underwent staging FDG PET/CT, which demonstrated an avid right lung mass with avid hilar and mediastinal nodes. Avid left axillary nodes of benign configuration were also noted. The patient had the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination in the left arm a week earlier. On reflection, the axillary nodes were concluded to be reactive related to this. This is a potential COVID-19 vaccination associated pitfall on PET/CT that should be considered when interpreting FDG PET/CT images.
Increased FDG Uptake of the Pectoral Girdle and Serratus Anterior Due to Wallpaper Stripping on PET/CT—Exquisite Demonstration of the Biomechanics
Authors: Nawwar Ayah Adel , Vekeria Monique , Searle Julie , Singh Rajiv , Lyburn Iain Douglas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
According to published guidelines and routine procedures, patients are instructed to avoid strenuous exercise for 6 to 24 hours before FDG imaging, avoiding unfavorable muscular uptake. A 40-year-old man with esophageal carcinoma underwent FDG PET/CT for response assessment. Intense uptake was noted in the muscles of the right upper limb and chest. The patient stated he had avoided exercise before scanning. On further questioning, he was found to be a professional painter and decorator and had been working stripping wallpaper. Marked skeletal FDG uptake occurs in subjects who have strenuously exerted themselves before or after the injection of FDG.
Multimodal Imaging in a Patient With Alzheimer Disease and Parkinsonism Because of a Presenilin-1 Mutation
Authors: Lu Jia-Ying , Sun Yi-Min , Yen Tzu-Chen , Zuo Chuan-Tao , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A correct clinical diagnosis of motor dysfunction accompanied by cognitive impairment remains challenging. Recent advances in molecular imaging biomarkers hold promise to overcome this issue. A 37-year-old woman presenting with parkinsonism and cognitive impairment underwent both multimodal neuroimaging and genetic testing. Her main findings on PET included diffuse tau accumulation in the cerebral cortex and left putamen, increased cerebellar amyloid deposits, asymmetrically reduced dopamine transporter binding, and mild hypermetabolism in the putamen. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of a presenilin-1 mutation (C.1157T>G). These findings suggested a diagnosis of early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease accompanied by parkinsonism.
α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists Regulate Inflammation and Growth Hormone Resistance in Sepsis
Authors: Pruekprasert Napat , Meng Qinghe , Gu Raymond , Xie Han , Liu Yu , Liu Chunli , Cooney Robert N. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During sepsis the normal induction of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) by growth hormone (GH) action on liver is attenuated, a phenomenon called hepatic GH resistance. Hepatic GH resistance can be caused by cytokine-mediated activation of the NF-κB pathway which interferes with normal GH-signaling. The afferent and efferent fibers of the vagus nerve are integral to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) which attenuates hepatic TNFα production by activating the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). We examined the effects of selective afferent vagotomy (SAV) and α7nAChR activation on sepsis-induced mortality, hepatic and systemic inflammation, the GH/IGF system and hepatic GH resistance using Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice, and α7nAChR knockout (KO) mice. Capsaicin was used to perform SAV and GTS-21 (α7nAChR agonist) was used to activate the α7nAChR. Sepsis-induced mortality, hepatic NF-κB activation, and plasma cytokine levels were increased in SAV rats and reduced in GTS-21-treated mice. The effects of sepsis on the GH/IGF-I system plasma IGF-I, IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), hepatic IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and GH receptor (GHR) mRNA and rhGH-responsiveness in mice were improved by GTS-21. Collectively these results confirm the protective effects of the anti-inflammatory CAP and α7nAChR activation in sepsis. They also provide evidence the CAP and α7nAChR activation could be used to attenuate hepatic GH resistance and anabolic failure in sepsis.
Factors That Predict the Success of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration for Choledocholithiasis: A 10-Year Study
Authors: Kao Chien-Tse , Seagar Rosemary , Heathcock Daniel , Tacey Mark , Lai Jiun Miin , Yong Tuck , Houli Nezor , Bird David , Hodgson Russell 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) can be performed to treat choledocholithiasis at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to identify factors that predict the success of LCBDE.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective audit was performed on patients who underwent LCBDE for the management of choledocholithiasis at Northern Health between 2008 and 2018.

Results:
A total of 513 patients were identified with an overall success rate of 90.8%. Most LCBDE were done through a transcystic approach with the remainder through a choledochotomy. When comparing patients with a successful operation to those that were unsuccessful, univariate analysis demonstrated significant differences in preoperative white cell count and number of duct stones found. Age and elevated nonbilirubin liver function tests were found to be significant factors associated with the failure of LCBDE on multivariate analysis. The likelihood of a failed operation in those with multiple stones was observed to be almost halved compared with patients with single stone although this did not reach significance [odds ratio (OR): 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-1.01, P=0.055]. Multivariate analysis indicated that unsuccessful procedures (OR: 10.13, 95% CI: 4.34-23.65, P<0.001) and multiple duct stones (OR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.66-8.67, P=0.002) were associated with an increased risk of severe complications.

Conclusions:
A single impacted stone may be more difficult to remove, however complications were more likely to be associated with multiple duct stones. With no other clinically relevant predictive factors, and because of the high success of the procedure and the low morbidity, LCBDE remains an option for all patients with choledocholithiasis.
Estimating SARS-CoV-2 reproduction number by infection location in Japan
Authors: Kurita Junko , Hata Takahide , Sugawara Tamie , Ohkusa Yasushi , Hata Atsuko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 infectiousness might differ by infection location. Nevertheless, no such study of infectiousness has been reported.ObjectThe study objective was estimation of the reproduction number by infection location.MethodPatients who infected no one were ignored because their reliability might be lower than that of patients who infected more than one person. On the assumption that the histogram follows an exponential distribution, we estimated the reproduction number from the histogram of the number of people infected by the same patient.ResultsNight entertainment venues showed the greatest infectiousness, followed by facilities for elderly people and hospitals. Nursery schools and workplaces were followed by homes, with the lowest infectiousness.Discussion and ConclusionCountermeasures under the second declaration of emergency status targeted restaurants. However, infectiousness at restaurants was not high. Comparable to those of universities and karaoke, and not significantly different from homes: the least infectious location studied.
Characterization of the Second Wave of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Ranjan Rajesh , Sharma Aryan , Verma Mahendra K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe second wave of COVID-19, which began around 11 February 2021, has hit India very hard with the daily cases reaching nearly triple the first peak value as on April 19, 2021. The epidemic evolution in India is quite complex due to regional inhomogeneities and the spread of several coronavirus mutants. In this paper, we characterize the virus spread in the ongoing second wave in India and its states until April 19, 2021, and also study the dynamical evolution of the epidemic from the beginning of the outbreak. Variations in the effective reproduction number (Rt) are taken as quantifiable measures of the virus transmissibility.Rtvalue for every state, including those with large rural populations, has value greater than the self-sustaining threshold of 1. An exponential fit on recent data also shows that the infection rate is much higher than the first wave. Subsequently, characteristics of the COVID-19 spread are analyzed regionwise, by estimating test positivity rates (TPRs) and case fatality rates (CFRs). Very high TPR values for several states present an alarming situation. CFR values are lower than those in the first wave but recently showing signs of increase as healthcare systems become over-stretched with the surge in infections. Preliminary estimates with a classical epidemiological model suggest that the peak for the second wave could occur around mid-May 2021 with daily count exceeding 0.4 million. The study strongly suggests that an effective administrative intervention is needed to arrest the rapid growth of the epidemic.
Antiretroviral therapy associated lipodystrophy; learning from the past
Authors: Sereke Senai Goitom , Berhe Semhar Eyob , Bongomin Felix 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), descriptions of body shape abnormalities, such as central fat accumulation and peripheral fat loss emerged among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We aimed to determine the prevalence of lipodystrophy and associated risk factors among patients on ART at Orotta National Referral Hospital (ONRH), Asmara, Eritrea.MethodsA single center, retrospective study was conducted at the ONRH, reviewing records of HIV-infected patients commenced on ART between January 2007 and December 2012.ResultsRecords of 250 eligible patients were reviewed. Most were female (59.2%, n=148) with a median age of 35 (IQR-20-63) years. Forty-three (17.2%) participants had body fat abnormalities. 42 (97.6%) had lipoatrophy and 1 (2.4%) buffalo hump. Of the 43 patients with lipodystrophy 34 (79%) were on Stavudine (d4T)/Lamivudine (3TC)/Nevirapine (NVP) regimen, 6 (14%) on Zidovudine (AZT)/3TC/NVP, 2 (4.7%) on d4T/3TC/Efavirenz (EFV) and 1(2.3%) on AZT, 3TC, EFV. EFV-based regimen was significantly associated with lipodystrophy (p< 0.01).ConclusionWe report a high prevalence of lipodystrophy. Four drug regimens were incriminated in the development of lipodystrophy. EFV-based regimen was significantly associated with the lipodystrophy.
Strategies for COVID-19 vaccination under a shortage scenario: a geo-stochastic modelling approach
Authors: Barreiro N. L. , Ventura C. I. , Govezensky T. , Núñez M. , Bolcatto P. G. , Barrio R. A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn a world being hit by waves of COVID-19, vaccination is a light on the horizon. However, the roll-out of vaccination strategies and their influence on the pandemic are still open problems. In order to compare the effect of various strategies proposed by the World Health Organization and other authorities, a previously developed SEIRS stochastic model of geographical spreading of the virus is extended by adding a compartment for vaccinated people. The parameters of the model were fitted to describe the pandemic evolution in Argentina, Mexico and Spain to analyze the effect of the proposed vaccination strategies. The mobility parameters allow to simulate different social behaviors (e.g. lock-down interventions). Schemes in which vaccines are applied homogeneously in all the country, or limited to the most densely-populated areas, are simulated and compared. The second strategy is found to be more effective. Moreover, under the current global shortage of vaccines, it should be remarked that immunization is enhanced when mobility is reduced. Additionally, repetition of vaccination campaigns should be timed considering the immunity lapse of the vaccinated (and recovered) people. Finally, the model is extended to include the effect of isolation of detected positive cases, shown to be important to reduce infections.
SPOPmutation confers sensitivity to AR-targeted therapy in prostate cancer by reshaping the androgen-driven chromatin landscape
Authors: Grbesa Ivana , Augello Michael A. , Liu Deli , McNally Dylan R. , Gaffney Christopher D. , Huang Dennis , Lin Kevin , Goueli Ramy , Robinson Brian D. , Khani Francesca , Deonarine Lesa D. , Blattner Mirjam , Elemento Olivier , Davicioni Elai , Sboner Andrea , Barbieri Christopher E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe normal androgen receptor (AR) cistrome and transcriptional program are fundamentally altered in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show thatSPOPmutations, an early event in prostate tumorigenesis, reshape the chromatin landscape and AR-directed transcriptional program in normal prostate cells. Induction ofSPOPmutation results in DNA accessibility and AR binding patterns found in human PCa. Consistent with dependency on this AR reprogramming, castration ofSPOPmutant mouse models results in the loss of neoplastic phenotypes. Finally, humanSPOPmutant PCa show improved response to AR-targeted therapies. Together, these results show that a single genomic alteration may be sufficient to reprogram the chromatin of normal prostate cells toward oncogenic phenotypes and thatSPOPmutant tumors may be preferentially dependent on AR signaling through this mechanism.
μ-opioid receptor availability is associated with sex drive in human males
Authors: Nummenmaa Lauri , Jern Patrick , Malén Tuulia , Kantonen Tatu , Pekkarinen Laura , Lukkarinen Lasse , Sun Lihua , Nuutila Pirjo , Putkinen Vesa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system modulates a multitude of social and reward-related functions, and exogenous opiates also influence sex drive in humans and animals. Sex drive shows substantial variation across humans, and it is possible that individual differences in MOR availability underlie interindividual of variation in human sex drive. Here we measured healthy male subjects’ (n=52) brain’s MOR availability with positron emission tomography (PET) using an agonist radioligand, [11C]carfentanil, that has high affinity for MORs. Sex drive was measured using self-reports of engaging in sexual behaviour (sex with partner and masturbating). Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis revealed that sex drive was positively associated with MOR availability in cortical and subcortical areas, notably in caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and cingulate cortices. These results were replicated in full-volume GLM analysis. These widespread effects are in line with high spatial autocorrelation in MOR expression in human brain. Complementary voxel-based morphometry analysis (n=108) provided limited evidence for association between sex drive and cortical density in the midcingulate cortex. We conclude that endogenous MOR tone is associated with individual differences in sex drive in human males.
Anxiolytic effects of chronic intranasal oxytocin on neural responses to threat are dose-frequency dependent
Authors: Kou Juan , Zhang Yingying , Zhou Feng , Gao Zhao , Yao Shuxia , Zhao Weihua , Li Hong , Lei Yi , Gao Shan , Kendrick Keith M. , Becker Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnxiety disorders are prevalent psychiatric conditions characterized by exaggerated anxious arousal and threat reactivity. Animal and human studies suggest an anxiolytic potential of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), yet, while a clinical application will require chronic administration protocols previous studies in humans have exclusively focused on single-dose (acute) intranasal OT effects. We aimed at determining whether the anxiolytic effects of OT are maintained with repeated (chronic) administration or are influenced by dose frequency and trait anxiety. A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI trial (n=147) determined acute (single-dose) as well as chronic effects of two different dose frequencies of OT (OT administered daily for 5 days or every other day) on emotional reactivity in healthy subjects with high versus low trait anxiety. OT produced valence, dose frequency and trait anxiety specific effects, such that the low-frequency (intermittand) chronic dosage specifically attenuated neural reactivity in amygdala-insula-prefrontal regions in high anxious subjects in response to threatening but not positive stimuli. The present trial provides evidence that low dose frequency chronic oxytocin nasal spray has the potential to alleviate exaggerated neural threat reactivity in subjects with elevated anxiety levels underscoring a treatment potential for anxiety disorders.
rDNA nascent transcripts promote a unique spatial organization during mouse early development
Authors: Chebrout Martine , Kone Maimouna Coura , Jan Habib U. , Cournut Marie , Letheule Martine , Fleurot Renaud , Aguirre-Lavin Tiphaine , Peynot Nathalie , Jouneau Alice , Beaujean Nathalie , Bonnet-Garnier Amélie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDuring the first cell cycles of the early development, the chromatin of the embryo is highly reprogrammed alongside that embryonic genome starts its own transcription. The spatial organization of the genome is a major process that contributes to regulating gene transcription in time and space, however, it is poorly studied in the context of early embryos. To study the cause and effect link between transcription and spatial organization in embryos, we focused on the ribosomal genes, that are first silent and begin to transcribe during the 2-cell stage in mouse. We demonstrated that ribosomal sequences are spatially organized in a very peculiar manner from the 2-cell to the 16-cell stage with transcription and processing of ribosomal RNAs excluding mutually. Using drugs inhibiting the RNA polymerase I, we show that this organization, totally different from somatic cells, depends on an active transcription of ribosomal genes and induces a unique chromatin environment that favors major satellite sequences transcription after the 4-cell stage.
Inversion of asymmetric histone deposition upon replication stress
Authors: Zwinderman Martijn R. H. , Lobo Thamar Jessurun , van der Wouden Petra E. , Spierings Diana C. J. , van Vugt Marcel A. T. M. , Lansdorp Peter M. , Guryev Victor , Dekker Frank J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFollowing DNA replication, equal amounts of histones are distributed over sister chromatids by re-deposition of parental histones and deposition of newly synthesized histones. Molecular mechanisms balancing the allocation of new and old histones remain largely unknown. Here, we studied the genome-wide distribution of new histones relative to parental DNA template strands and replication initiation zones using double-click-seq. In control conditions, new histones were preferentially found on DNA replicated by the lagging strand machinery. Strikingly, replication stress induced by hydroxyurea or curaxin treatment, and inhibition of ATR or p53 inactivation, inverted the observed histone deposition bias to the strand replicated by the leading strand polymerase in line with previously reported effects on RPA occupancy. We propose that asymmetric deposition of newly synthesized histones onto sister chromatids reflects differences in the processivity of leading and lagging strand synthesis.