bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of biocontrol microbes on soil microbial diversity in ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe)
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Liu Bowen , Yin Yong , Liang Fang , Xie Deshan , Han Tiantian , Liu Yongzeng , Yan Bin , Li Qian , Huang Yong , Liu Qing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacteria are the most diverse and abundant group of soil organisms that influence plant growth and health. Bacillus and Trichoderma are commonly used as biological control agents (BCA) that directly or indirectly act on soil bacteria. Therefore, it is essential to understand how the applied microbes impact the indigenous microbial community before exploring their activity in the control of soilborne diseases.RESULTSMiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to decipher the shift of rhizosphere bacterial community in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) treated with Bacillus subtilus and Trichoderma harzianum at different concentrations. The dominant phyla in treated and nontreated samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and comprised up to 54.7% of the total sequences. There were significant differences between BCA treated and nontreated samples in the bacteria community. BCA treated plants presented higher bacterial diversity than nontreated and higher dosage of BCA had a larger impact on rhizosphere microbiota, but the ‘dose–response relationship’ varied in different bacterial groups. Potential biomarkers at genus level were found, such as RB41, Pseudomonas, Nitrospira, Candidatus_Udaeobacter.CONCLUSIONThe combined use of Bacillus subtilus and Trichoderma harzianum could alter bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil. BCA–microbes interactions as well as soil microbial ecology should be noticed in plant disease management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sulfoxaflor resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) induces negligible cross‐resistance to other tested insecticides: stability, risk assessment, and fitness cost
Authors: Wazir Shabana , Shad Sarfraz A 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is a polyphagous insect pest. In Pakistan, O. hyalinipennis is managed by using different insecticides, a major concern for cotton producers, and has developed resistance to many of these. Sulfoxaflor belongs to a newly released sulfoximine family that has high efficacy for controlling sap‐feeding insect pests.RESULTSA sulfoxaflor selected‐population (Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop) of O. hyalinipennis showed a 3064.92‐fold level of resistance after continuous selection for 18 generations with sulfoxaflor compared to unselected population (UNSel‐Pop). The Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop showed a reduction in resistance (from 3064.92 to 635‐fold) without exposure for five generations, indicating unstable resistance to sulfoxaflor. Cross‐resistance studies of the Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop revealed no or very low cross‐resistance to triazophos (0.42 to 0.30‐fold), deltamethrin (0.85 to 0.18‐fold) and acetamiprid (1.16 to 4.86‐fold) from G4 to G19 compared to the field population (Field‐Pop). The mean value of realized heritability was 0.15 in the Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop (G19). Significantly reduced relative fitness was determined in the Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop (Rf = 0.21) followed by Cross1 [(Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop ♂ × UNSel‐Pop ♀) (Rf = 0.58)], and Cross2 [(Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop ♀ × UNSel‐Pop ♂) (Rf = 0.70)] compared with the UNSel‐Pop. The values of intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), biotic potential (Bp) fecundity, egg hatching, and net reproductive rate (R0) were also significantly less in the Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop compared to UNSel‐Pop.CONCLUSIONA very high fitness cost, unstable resistance and no or very low cross‐resistance in the Sulfo‐Sel‐Pop have great implications in designing effective strategies for managing insecticide resistance to O. hyalinipennis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) to triflumezopyrim: inheritance and fitness costs
Authors: Qin Yao , Xu Pengfei , Jin Ruoheng , Li Zhao , Ma Kangsheng , Wan Hu , Li Jianhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTriflumezopyrim, a novel commercialized mesoionic chemical insecticide, has been confirmed as a promising insecticide for efficiently controlling the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Here, a laboratory triflumezopyrim‐resistant (TR) strain and an isogenic susceptible (TS) strain were established to characterize the inheritance and fitness costs of triflumezopyrim resistance in N. lugens.RESULTSAfter 29 generations of successive selection with triflumezopyrim, the TR strain developed a 155.23‐fold higher resistance level than the TS strain. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values from progenies (F1RS and F1SR) of reciprocal crosses between TR and TS strains suggested that triflumezopyrim resistance in N. lugens was autosomal and codominant. Chi‐square analyses of self‐bred and backcrossed progenies suggested that the resistance results from a polygenic effect. Compared to the TS strain, the TR strain showed a lower relative fitness (0.62) with a significantly decreased female adult period, longevity, total fecundity, egg hatchability, intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and prolonged pre‐adult period and total preoviposition period (TPOP).CONCLUSIONThe inheritance mode of triflumezopyrim resistance in N. lugens was characterized as autosomal, codominant and polygenic. The resistance had a fitness cost, which may be an important factor limiting the evolution of resistance. These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay triflumezopyrim resistance development and maintain sustainable control of N. lugens. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Recent applications of chromatography for analysis of contaminants in cannabis products: a review
Authors: López‐Ruiz Rosalía , Marín‐Sáez Jesús , Garrido Frenich Antonia , Romero‐González Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the last few years, the cultivation of cannabis has been increasing due to greater use in foods, recreational use, creams, oils, and other applications. Thus, analysis of contaminants (e.g. pesticides and mycotoxins) in cannabis products is necessary to ensure consumer safety. This review is focused on the analytical procedures, based on chromatographic techniques, used for the determination of contaminants in cannabis and related products, developed from 2015 to 2020. QuEChERS (acronym of quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) was mainly used for the extraction of pesticides and other contaminants from cannabis because its versatility and capacity to extract a wide range of substances, and therefore, increasing the scope of the analysis. The most employed technique to determine pesticides and mycotoxins in cannabis products was liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), although gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS was also employed for the analysis of non‐polar compounds, using triple quadrupole (QqQ) as mass analyzer. Nevertheless, new advances in cannabis analysis are also discussed, introducing techniques such as high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), which allows for performing both targeted and untargeted (unknown and suspect) analyses. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
When should matching be used in the design of cluster randomized trials?
Authors: Chondros Patty , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Gunn Jane M. , Carlin John B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor cluster randomized trials (CRTs) with a small number of clusters, the matched‐pair (MP) design, where clusters are paired before randomizing one to each trial arm, is often recommended to minimize imbalance on known prognostic factors, add face‐validity to the study, and increase efficiency, provided the analysis recognizes the matching. Little evidence exists to guide decisions on when to use matching. We used simulation to compare the efficiency of the MP design with the stratified and simple designs, based on the mean confidence interval width of the estimated intervention effect. Matched and unmatched analyses were used for the MP design; a stratified analysis was used for the stratified design; and analyses without and with post‐stratification adjustment for factors that would otherwise have been used for restricted allocation were used for the simple design. Results showed the MP design was generally the most efficient for CRTs with 10 or more pairs when the correlation between cluster‐level outcomes within pairs (matching correlation) was moderate to strong (0.3‐0.5). There was little gain in efficiency for the MP or stratified designs compared to simple randomization when the matching correlation was weak (0.05‐0.1). For trials with four pairs of clusters, the simple and stratified designs were more efficient than the MP design because greater degrees of freedom were available for the analysis, although an unmatched analysis of the MP design recovered precision for weak matching correlations. Practical guidance on choosing between the MP, stratified, and simple designs is provided.
Fat1 suppresses the tumor‐initiating ability of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells by promoting Yes‐associated protein 1 nuclear‐cytoplasmic translocation
Authors: Li Minjie , Zhong Yuan , Wang Miao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe suppressive roles of Fat1 have been widely revealed in various tumors. However, its effects on the tumor‐initiating ability of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells have never been elucidated. Currently, we identified that a higher level of Fat1 mRNA expression predicted a longer overall survival and first‐progression survival of lung cancer patients, especially in adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, Fat1 mRNA exhibited a lower level in lung cancer tissues relative to that in normal tissues. Functionally, we focused on the effects of Fat1 on the tumor‐initiating ability of NSCLC cells and we found that Fat1 overexpression decreased the expression of tumor‐initiating markers. Furthermore, overexpression of Fat1 reduced ALDH1 activity and sphere‐formation ability of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that Fat1 promoted the nuclear‐cytoplasmic transportation of YAP1 (Yes‐associated protein 1), a critical executor of Hippo signaling, and a mutant form of YAP (YAP‐5SA), which can escape from LATS1/2‐mediated phosphorylation, rescued the Fat1‐mediated inhibition on the tumor‐initiating ability of NSCLC cells. This work prompts that Fat1 suppresses the tumor‐initiating ability of NSCLC cells by activating Hippo signaling.
Knowledge and perception of community about causes of cattle abortion and case‐control study of brucellosis as cause of abortion in Jimma zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Robi Dereje Tulu , Gelalcha Benti Deresa , Deresa Feyissa Begna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbortion, causes by several infectious and non‐infectious factors is one of the most critical health problems of cattle in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess knowledge and perception of the community about potential causes of abortion and case‐control study of brucellosis as a cause of abortion in cattle of study districts.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between October 2016 and October 2017 in selected districts of the Jimma zone using a questionnaire survey. Based on the questionnaire survey, we also carried out a case‐control study (141 cases and 282 controls) to confirm whether the most frequently mentioned disease (brucellosis) is associated with abortion. The blood samples were collected from both cases and controls cattle groups and then serum was separated. The presence of antibody againstBrucellaorganism in serum was first tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and all RBPT positive samples were confirmed using the Complement Fixation Test (CFT).ResultsFrom a total of 180 randomly selected respondents, the majority (59.4%) of them attributed abortion to infectious diseases. Based on the questionnaire survey, brucellosis, leptospirosis and listeriosis were identified as the major infectious causes of abortion in the areas. Physical injuries, shortage of feed and toxic substances were observed as less important non‐infection causes of abortion in the study areas. This study also identified improper disposal of aborted materials and birth products, use of communal bulls, sharing communal grazing areas and water sources which favour disease transmission. Exposure toBrucellaorganism was higher among cases (6.4%) than controls (2.8%) with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.042).ConclusionBrucellosis is the most important infectious cause of cattle abortion in this study. Thus, important to conduct appropriate control methods and increasing public awareness of the zoonotic transmission of brucellosis are suggested. This finding also recommended the need for further study to isolate and characterise brucellosis as a cause of abortion in cattle.
Pathogenic bacteria in cheese, raw and pasteurised milk
Authors: Bastam Mahsa Morovati , Jalili Mahsa , Pakzad Iraj , Maleki Abbas , Ghafourian Sobhan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFoodborne diseases, especially those transmitted by milk and its products, are worldwide problem. Milk is not only a complete food but also a unique medium for activating various bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. In recent years, numerous bacteria with multiple drug resistance patterns have appeared, and there have been many problems in infection control. Today, ranchers use antibiotics for control of the animal disease, and humans are constantly using animal products containing antibiotics.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination status of raw and pasteurised milk as well as local cheese and to find a rapid Multiplex PCR method for investigation of contamination. Determination of antibiotic resistant isolates is also desirable.Materials and MethodsOne hundred samples were collected from livestock and retail outlets using culture and molecular methods to identify S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and S. typhi. The antibiotic resistance pattern was determined for the isolates.ResultsIn this study, culture results for 100 samples showed 10% S. aureus isolates while no cases of S. typhi and L. monocytogenes were detected. In real‐time qPCR, S. aureus was isolated in 60% (n = 60) of samples, S. typhi in 53% (n = 53) and L. monocytogenes in 2% (n = 2). The results of sensitivity and specificity of Multiplex PCR for the three studied bacteria indicated general specificity of 72% and sensitivity of 80%.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, it can be concluded that S. typhi, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus are more likely to be detected by real‐time qPCR because of the high sensitivity of this test to culture. Multiplex method was not reliable in this study and cannot be suggested for rapid diagnosis.
A case report on ventrolateral herniorrhaphy in sheep: The novel way of using vest‐over‐pants closure technique
Authors: Kitessa Jiregna Dugassa , Merga Abebe Fromsa , Afata Abebe Wirtu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the surgical management of ventrolateral hernias by using the vest‐over‐pants closure technique.AnimalsOn two local breed sheep that were kept under an extensive management system.Study designCase report.Study methodsPatient history and clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment.OutcomesAfter frequent follow‐up and well post‐operative care, the patient were recovered.ConclusionThe herniorrhaphy and closure performed in both sheep were highly successful and effective in apposing hernial ring by maintaining equal tensions with minimal wound dehiscence, unlike other closure techniques.
Crenosoma vulpisassociated eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in a young dog in Latvia
Authors: Vekšins Armands , Ponomarjova Olga , Sandersen Charlotte , Kļaviņa Alīna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 1.5‐year‐old male American Staffordshire Terrier with a chronic cough was referred to the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies veterinary hospital. A diagnosis of bronchopneumopathy was reached by means of radiography and CT. Nematode parasites were detected during bronchoscopy and were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage. Parasitological examination confirmed infection withCrenosoma vulpis. Treatment with fenbendazole at 50 mg/kg for 3 days was effective.
Rapid Flood Mapping Using Multi-temporal SAR Images: An Example from Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Kabir , Matin Mir A. , Thapa Rajesh Bahadur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the HKH region, large areas in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan get inundated by floodwater during every rainy season. Among them, Bangladesh has been experiencing record-high floods where four types prevail: flash flood, local rainfall flood, monsoon river flood, and storm-surge flood; and these occur almost every year due to Bangladesh’s unique geographical setting as the most downstream country in the HKH region.
The High-Impact Weather Assessment Toolkit
Authors: Gatlin Patrick N. , Case Jonathan L. , Srikishen Jayanthi , Adhikary Bhupesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOf the various types of weather phenomena, thunderstorms produce some of the most immediate and impactful hazards—damaging winds and hail, frequent lightning, and intense rainfall. Resilience to high-impact weather can be attained through investment in several key areas: proper infrastructure; effective emergency management; public education; and well-informed weather forecasting services.
Communicating Science for Informed Decision-Making
Authors: Bajracharya Birendra , Maden Utsav , Weiss Devrin , Kucera Leah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSERVIR’s primary objective is to use Earth observation (EO) information and geospatial information technologies (GIT) to address challenges in areas of societal concern such as food security, land use and land cover, water resources, weather, and natural disasters. With a tagline of “connecting space to village”, SERVIR-HKH aims to build the capacities of people and institutions in the HKH region to integrate science and technology into the decision-making processes. To achieve these broad and ambitious objectives, SERVIR-HKH provides scientific information to a wide range of audiences with different societal contexts (Chap. 1). A picture is worth a thousand words, they say; EO satellites provide pictures of the Earth surface which help scientists to understand the dynamics of natural and anthropogenic processes. Similarly, GIT tools enable analysis and visualization of data, not only for scientific exploration but also to help communicate the information to the intended users in the form of maps and charts. The cartographic principles applied during the map-making process ensure that the scientific information undergoes minimum distortion while communicating to the target audiences.
Geospatial Applications in the HKH Region: Country Needs and Priorities
Authors: Matin Mir A. , Islam Sheikh Tawhidul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeospatial information, defined as information that refers to a location on Earth, is becoming a critical tool in governance (Chantillon et al. in ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf 6, 2017). Over the last decade, such information has become part of mainstream information management, thereby creating a massive demand for geospatial content and solutions among individuals, private companies, and government agencies.
In-Season Crop-Area Mapping for Wheat and Rice in Afghanistan and Bangladesh
Authors: Tiwari Varun , Qamer Faisal Mueen , Matin Mir A. , Ellenburg Walter Lee , Yousafi Waheedullah , Kamal Mustafa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCereal grains are the most commonly grown crops in the world. Wheat and rice are important commodities which contribute to 50% of the world’s food-calorie intake (McKevith Nutr Bull 29(2): 111–142, 2004). These two cereals are critical to food security in the developing regions. In this context, crop-mapping services can be used for detailed monitoring of the cultivated areas; it can also provide the area statistics of specific crops and the data on their intensity across the landscape. This mapping process is also valuable for government agencies since it provides them with critical information that can be used to manage their stocks (for imports and exports). This chapter dwells on a crop-mapping service developed under the SERVIR-HKH program. In this regard, the needs assessment was carried out with the assistance of the governments of Bangladesh and Afghanistan through a consultation workshop. Wheat mapping in Afghanistan and rice mapping in Bangladesh were the top priorities for the respective governments. Here, we discuss two particular mapping exercises that were undertaken in these two countries: wheat mapping in Afghanistan at a national level and the mapping of Boro rice in selected districts of Bangladesh.
Climate-Resilient Forest Management in Nepal
Authors: Chitale Vishwas Sudhir , Thapa Sunil , Matin Mir A. , Gurung Kamala , Adhikari Shankar , Maharjan Rabindra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForests play a vital role in combating climate change and mitigating its effects. In the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), they are an important source of livelihood for the region’s growing population. With forest degradation and deforestation increasing, it has become all the more necessary to have a reliable climate resilient forest management system. At present, lack of precise information on forest degradation and the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems hinder the conservation, planning and management of forest ecosystems in Nepal. We attempt to tackle this issue in collaboration with Department of Forests and Soil Conservation (DoFSC), Nepal, by providing scientific and reliable data on vulnerability of forests to anthropogenic factors and climate change using geospatial tools and techniques. We introduced a two-way multitier approach in Nepal to support the identification and implementation of adaptation and management strategies with special focus on forest ecosystems. It aims to reduce the vulnerability of forests to climate change and the degradation of forest ecosystems due to anthropogenic drivers. We used multispectral satellite datasets, data on climate trends and projections, and published data on extraction of forest resources in the study area. We then used data mining to quantify the influence of temperature and precipitation on functioning of forests by using MODIS data of net primary productivity, leaf area index, evapotranspiration and climatic trends and projections data. Finally, we overlayed the forest degradation map on forest climate sensitivity map to identify the hotspots of degradation and sensitivity needing immediate attention. These hotspots are defined as “adaptation footprints”, which help decision makers to prioritize their activities within their district. Most of the forest ecosystems in mid-western and far-western Nepal are highly sensitive to observed and predicted impacts of climate change, which need immediate prioritization and management. The products of this study are accessible through a web-based decision support tool, which will help decision makers at district and province level to prioritize the activities of forest management.
Enhancing Flood Early Warning System in the HKH Region
Authors: Tsering Karma , Shakya Kiran , Matin Mir A. , Nelson Jim , Bajracharya Birendra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFlooding is a chronic natural hazard with disastrous impacts that have magnified over the last decade due to the rising trend in extreme weather events and growing societal vulnerability from global socioeconomic and environmental changes (WMO 2011 in Manual on flood forecasting and warning (WMO-No. 1072)).