bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the Interfacial Tension Induced Self‐Assembly in Tuning the 2D Morphology of Polypyrrole at Water/Chloroform Interface
Authors: Chondath Subin Kaladi , Gopinath Jishnu Sai , Poolakkandy Rasha Rahman , Parameswaran Pattiyil , Menamparambath Mini Mol 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembly of reactive intermediates at the interface of an immiscible liquid mixture is an emerging bottom–up approach in constructing 2D functional materials. Herein, a mechanistic investigation of the vital role of various oxidants in the self‐assembly of reactive intermediates at the water/chloroform interface in pyrrole polymerization is reported. The energetics of one‐electron transfer between pyrrole and the hydrated metal ions of the oxidant is rationalized successfully using density functional calculations. The electron microscopic and X‐ray characterization techniques confirm the relatively uniform distribution of crystalline metal nanoparticles throughout the polymeric matrix. The predominance of the water/chloroform interface in thinning the polymeric sheets to 1.1 nm, by confining the assembly of polypyrrole (PPy) sheets as minimum as three layers, is approximated from atomic force microscopy images. The metal encapsulated PPy sheets are proved to have potential application in the electrochemical sensing of a potent biomarker, dopamine (DA). The electrochemical detection of DA with the limit of detection of 0.24 µm and their printability on a commercially available screen‐printed electrode to detect an appreciable current affirm their potential for various electrochemical sensing applications.
The relationship between symptom severity, bother and psychological factors in women with pelvic organ prolapse: A cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Drage Katie‐Jay , Aghera Mansi , MacKellar Phoebe , Twentyman Rhea , Jacques Angela , Chalmers K. Jane , Neumann Patricia , Nurkic Irena , Thompson Judith 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe primary aim is to explore the relationship between symptom severity and prolapse bother in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The secondary aim is to determine the association between psychological variables and prolapse bother.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was conducted via online surveys assessing POP bother (visual analog scale for bother), POP symptom severity (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Vaginal Symptoms), and psychological measures of depression and anxiety (Kessler psychological distress scale [K‐10]), catastrophizing (modified pain catastrophizing scale [mPCS]), and self‐efficacy (modified pain self‐efficacy questionnaire [mPSEQ]) in women with self‐reported POP. Symptom severity, bother and psychological variables were analyzed using linear regression.ResultsSeventy‐six women with a mean (SD) age of 42.8 (14.57) years were included in analysis. A moderate to strong positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.449, p < 0.001) was found between symptom severity and POP bother. Prolapse bother and psychological variables were moderately correlated, where increased K‐10 scores (R2 = 0.230, p = 0.001), higher mPCS scores (R2 = 0.460, p < 0.001), and lower mPSEQ scores (R2 = 0.460, p < 0.001) were associated with increased POP bother. Moderate and severe catastrophizing was associated with significantly higher POP bother, with mean POP bother scores of 7.861 ± 0.45 (p < 0.001) and 8.652 ± 0.45 (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionA moderate positive relationship between POP bother and symptom severity was found, with greater psychological distress and lower self‐efficacy associated with increasing POP bother. Women presenting with POP should be screened for psychological factors to guide management.
Effect of energy‐ and/or protein‐dense enteral feeding on postoperative outcomes of infant surgical patients with congenital cardiac disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Singal Anuradha , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Trilok Kumar Geeta , Kumar Amit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are malnourished because of poor dietary intakes and increased requirements. Energy requirements are higher due to increased resting energy expenditure. There are lacunae of nutrition recommendations for these infants. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to determine the effect of energy‐ and/or protein‐dense feeds in postoperative CHD infants as compared with the standard feeding. An online literature search was performed on four databases by using different English‐language keywords between 2000 and 2020. The inclusion criteria were peer reviewed journals and open access original articles on the feeding practices in infants undergoing congenital heart surgery. Exclusion criteria were editorials, commentaries, discussion papers, conference abstracts, reviews, duplicate studies, and articles on preterm infants and preoperative nutrition. A total of five studies matched the inclusion criteria. The standard mean difference (SMD) of energy intake (SMD = 13.40 kcal, P = 0.001), protein intake (SMD = 2.37 g, P = 0.001), and weight (SMD = 4.99 g, P = 0.001) was significantly higher in the intervention group. The SMD of ventilation duration (SMD = −0.18 h, P = 0.90), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) (SMD = −0.25 d, P = 0.70), and hospital LOS (SMD = −0.20 d, P = 0.67) were not statistically significant between the two groups. Enriched enteral nutrition for the postoperative pediatric patients with cardiac disease helps in achieving energy and protein goals and improves the overall postoperative outcomes (ie, ventilation duration, maintenance of weight, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS).
Process Development of the Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydration of a Chiral Aldoxime and Rational Selection of the Co‐Substrate
Authors: Nonnhoff Jannis , Gröger Harald 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe access towards chiral nitriles remains crucial in the synthesis of several pharmaceuticals. One approach is based on metal‐catalyzed dehydration of chiral aldoximes, which are generated from chiral pool‐derived aldehydes as substrates, and the use of a cheap and readily available nitrile as co‐substrate and water acceptor. Dehydration of N‐acyl α‐amino aldoximes such as N‐Boc‐l‐prolinal oxime catalyzed by copper(II) acetate provides access to the corresponding N‐acyl α‐amino nitriles, which are substructures of the pharmaceuticals Vildagliptin and Saxagliptin. In this work, a detailed investigation of the formation of the amide as a by‐product at higher substrate loadings is performed. The amide formation depends on the electronic properties of the nitrile co‐substrate. We could identify an acceptor nitrile which completely suppressed amide formation at high substrate loadings of 0.5 m even when being used with only 2 equivalents. In detail, utilization of trichloroacetonitrile as such an acceptor nitrile enabled the synthesis of N‐Boc‐cyanopyrrolidine in a high yield of 92 % and with full retention of the absolute configuration.
Bounded openness: A robust modality of access to genetic resources and the sharing of benefits
Authors: Vogel Joseph Henry , Ruiz Muller Manuel , Angerer Klaus , Delgado‐Gutiérrez Dino , Gálvez Ballón Alfredo 
Published: December 2021

Societal Impact StatementThe Fourth Industrial Revolution is underway. Controversy surrounds the choice of modality for access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization, as established in the third objective of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The modality chosen by the Conference of the Parties should promote conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources, which are the first and second objectives of the convention. “Bounded openness over natural information” achieves all three objectives by aligning incentives between users and Providers. With philanthropic support, the modality can also be applied to unpublished traditional knowledge, which would enhance food security.SummarySeveral international agreements have provisions for “access to genetic resources” and “fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from [their] utilization” (ABS). The optimal modality has proven elusive for the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Nagoya Protocol (NP). Such failure need not be so. We embrace reductionism and partition genetic resources into tangible and intangible attributes and classify the latter as natural or artificial information. The economics of information justifies “rents,” which is the difference between what is paid and what would have been paid in a competitive market. Fairness and equity imply protection for natural information equal to that of artificial information. Bilateralism eliminates rents through competition and renders royalties infinitesimal, thus defeating ABS. The proposed Global Multilateral Benefit‐Sharing Mechanism (GMBSM) could capture rents and distribute royalty income proportional to habitat for terrestrial species, and to CO2reductions for marine species and wild relatives of crops. Alignment of incentives for conservation would facilitate transition to half‐Earth. Domesticated species require stronger incentives for conservation than do nondomesticated species. The Multilateral System (MLS) of The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) should be expanded. Enclosure of traditional knowledge not yet in public domain through a benefit‐sharing mechanism could incentivize communities to deposit samples into the CGIAR Genebanks and resume seed exchange, which is essential for food security. A robust modality of ABS for the CBD, NP, ITPGRFA and other agreements is “bounded openness.”
In Situ Anchoring Co–N–C Nanoparticles on Co4N Nanosheets toward Ultrastable Flexible Self‐Supported Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Enables Recyclable Zn–Air Batteries Over 10 000 Cycles and Fast Charging
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhao Siyuan , Wang Ying , Yu Jie , Dai Yawen , Wang Jian , Sun Xiaoxu , Liu Kaihua , Ni Meng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractZn–air batteries (ZABs) are very promising for flexible energy storage, but their application is limited to the primary battery. Developing an efficient and non‐noble metal cathode toward oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) is of great significance for the commercial application of rechargeable ZABs. Herein, a flexible self‐supported integrated bifunctional cathode is presented in which the Co–N–C nanoparticles are in situ anchored on Co4N nanosheets via a facile and scalable strategy. Benefiting from integrated 3D architecture with adequate active sites, porous structure, high conductivity originating from the metal substrate, and the synergistic effects of Co–N–C and Co4N, the cathode exhibits excellent bifunctional activity (low overpotential of 275 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER, high half‐wave potential of 0.833 V for ORR), and ultralong durability for ORR/OER in the alkaline medium. Impressively, this cathode enables the recyclable aqueous ZABs a record overall lifespan over 10 000 cycles at 20 mA cm−2, and a superior fast‐charging feature at an ultrahigh charging current density of 100 mA cm−2. Furthermore, such a flexible integrated cathode can be directly used as a self‐supported cathode for flexible solid‐state ZABs, with excellent reversibility for 300 cycles, demonstrating its feasibility for practical application.
One more piece to the puzzle: Diadorimia, a new monotypic genus in the Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae), endemic to the campo rupestre of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Carmo João A.M. , Reginato Marcelo , Florentín Javier E. , Nuñez Florentin Mariela , Salas Roberto M. , Simões André O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpermacoceae is the largest predominantly herbaceous lineage in the Rubiaceae, and regarded as one of its most taxonomically complex and controversial tribe, especially regarding generic delimitation. Molecular phylogenies have established the concept of a broadly circumscribed Spermacoceae, which includes the genera traditionally associated with the tribe, i.e., the Spermacoce clade, and the former Hedyotideae and Manettieae. A major challenge in the Spermacoce clade is related to the delimitation of Borreria and Spermacoce, which appeared intermingled with several smaller and morphologically well‐defined genera in more recent phylogenies, such as the Brazilian endemic Psyllocarpus. One of its species, P. densifolius, diverges morphologically from the others, as preliminary phylogenetic analyses have shown that it is not closely related to Psyllocarpus nor any other genus in the Spermacoce clade. We conducted a broad phylogenetic analysis, including ca. 63% of the genera in the Spermacoceae, using a variety of approaches to address incongruence among markers and lack of resolution and/or low support for branches, to accurately assess its position. We used nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and plastid (rps16 intron, trnL‐F intergenic spacer) DNA regions for Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses, as well as species tree inference. We identified incongruence not only between nuclear and plastid DNA but also between the plastid regions. We also showed that the topologies derived from the multispecies coalescent diverged from that of the concatenated analysis, even though the position of P. densifolius, as sister to the clade formed by the remaining Spermacoceae, remained stable across different datasets and inference methods. We here propose the recognition of the new genus Diadorimia to accommodate P. densifolius, which can be characterized by its cespitose habit arising from a well‐developed, woody subterranean system, triangular stipules with margins bearing four small lobes, heterostylous flowers subtended by a pair of hyaline bracteoles, double reticulate pollen grains, and capsules with longitudinal‐oblique dehiscence, with the two valves forming one single caducous diaspore keeping their respective seed trapped inside. We provide a taxonomic treatment with a key to the heterostylous genera of the Spermacoceae occurring in the Americas, a description of the new genus, and the new combination of its type, as well as comments on its distribution and conservation.
Elements of Roboethics
Authors: Operto Fiorella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoboethics analyzes the ethical, legal and social aspects of robotics, especially with regard to advanced robotics applications. These issues are related to liability, the protection of privacy, the defense of human dignity, distributive justice and the dignity of work. Today, roboethics is becoming an important component in international standards for advanced robotics, and in various aspects of artificial intelligence. An autonomous robot endowed with deep learning capabilities shows specificities in terms of its growing autonomy and decision-making functions and, thus, gives rise to new ethical and legal issues. The learning models for a care robot assisting an elderly person or a child must be free of bias related to the selected attributes and should not be subject to any stereotypes unintentionally included in their design. As roboethics goes hand in hand with developments in robotics applications, it should be the concern of all actors in the field, from designers and manufacturers to users. There is one very important element in this—albeit one that is related indirectly—that should not be overlooked: namely, how robotics and robotic applications are represented to the general public. Of the many representations, the legacy of mythology, science fiction and the legend still play an important role. The world of robotics is often marked by icons and images from literature. Exaggerated expectations of their functions, magical descriptions of their behavior, over-anthropomorphization, insistence on their perfection and their rationality compared to that of humans are only some of the false qualities attributed to robotics.
A New Graphic User Interface Design for 3D Modeling Software for Children
Authors: Giraldi Laura , Burberi Mirko , Morelli Francesca , Maini Marta , Guasti Lorenzo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDigital technologies have become a central part of the everyday experience the younger generation children and young people, born and raised in the ITC era, are known as digital natives. At school, this generation prefers active learning instead of being passive recipients of knowledge. This research proposes a new graphic user interface concept for a 3D modeling software program, designed for preschool and early primary school children. The interface of SugarCad Kids was improved to be more understandable, friendly, intuitive and enjoyable to use, in keeping with the principles of human-centered design.
Educational Robotics and the Gender Perspective
Authors: Bagattini Daniela , Miotti Beatrice , Operto Fiorella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we explore the role of stereotypes in educational choices. Data on secondary school enrollments show that girls are abandoning STEM subjects. There are many reasons for this, including social and family expectations, but also the perception that jobs and careers in technical and scientific sectors will make it hard to take care of a family. This is an important theme for the future. The number of jobs in ICT will increase, and the low quantities of women in these sectors will have a strong impact on the availability of skilled workers, as well as increasing the gender gap. What is the role of school in this context? What activities can get more girls interested in science? We focus, in particular, on how innovative approaches such as educational robotics can help girls engage with STEM subjects, as happened with the “Roberta” project, whose results will be illustrated in this work.
Escape from Tolentino During an Earthquake Saving as Many Lives and Cultural Objects as You Can
Authors: Pazzaglia Paola , Scaradozzi David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the last five years, the Italian Ministry of Education has placed its focus on digital skills, recognizing them as fundamental and indispensable for the growth of future citizens in the information age. It has thus backed projects aimed at developing computational thinking and digital creativity at school. One of the highest-funded of such projects is “Più vicini al nostro territorio—Valorizziamo i monumenti di Tolentino … giocando con Scratch e App Inventor” (Closer to our territory—appreciating the value of Tolentino’s monuments … while playing on Scratch and App Inventor). In this paper we describe this project, its vertical path, and the results of the first activities, which have already taken place in a primary school. These results show the progression of the skills and competences defined in the National Operational Programme document “For school 2014–2020” (Axis I Education, Objective 10.2, Improving students’ key competences), and those set out in the National Plan for Digital Education.
From Classroom to Learning Environment
Authors: Borri Samuele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe concept of “space as the third teacher” suggests that the learning environment is as important as the teacher in the learning process. A constructivist pedagogical paradigm requires student-centered learning processes and learners to be autonomous and active. Therefore, more and more stakeholders and policy makers interested in school innovation put school buildings and learning environments at the top of their agendas. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Commission and many universities all over the world are observing case studies and promoting guidelines to implement new ways to design and furnish schools. Indire is leading a research project on educational architectures, which promotes a support framework, entitled “1 + 4 Learning Spaces for a New Generation of Schools.” It is aimed at architects, municipalities, school principals and other stakeholders involved in the design, development and use of innovative learning environments.
On the squashed seven-sphere operator spectrum
Authors: Ekhammar Simon , Nilsson Bengt E. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We derive major parts of the eigenvalue spectrum of the operators on the squashed seven-sphere that appear in the compactification of eleven-dimensional supergravity. These spectra determine the mass spectrum of the fields in AdS4 and are important for the corresponding $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supermultiplet structure. This work is a continuation of the work in [1] where the complete spectrum of irreducible isometry representations of the fields in AdS4 was derived for this compactification. Some comments are also made concerning the G2 holonomy and its implications on the structure of the operator equations on the squashed seven-sphere.
Interpreting physical sensations to guide health-related behavior
Authors: Fazekas Christian , Linder Dennis , Matzer Franziska , Jenewein Josef , Hanfstingl Barbara 
Published: December 2021

SummaryFrom a biopsychosocial perspective, maintaining health requires sufficient autoregulatory and self-regulatory capacity to both regulate somatic physiology and manage human-environment interactions. Increasing evidence from neuroscientific and psychological research suggests a functional link between so called interoceptive awareness and self-regulatory behavior. Self-regulation can, again, influence autoregulatory patterns as it is known from biofeedback training or meditation practices. In this review, we propose the psychosomatic competence model that provides a novel framework for the interrelation between interoceptive and self-regulatiory skills and health behavior. The term psychosomatic competence refers to a set of mind- and body-related abilities which foster an adequate interpretation of interoceptive signals to drive health-related behavior and physical well-being. Current related empirical findings and future directions of research on interoception and self-regulation are discussed.
Voice Assistant vs. Chatbot – Examining the Fit Between Conversational Agents’ Interaction Modalities and Information Search Tasks
Authors: Rzepka Christine , Berger Benedikt , Hess Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOwing to technological advancements in artificial intelligence, voice assistants (VAs) offer speech as a new interaction modality. Compared to text-based interaction, speech is natural and intuitive, which is why companies use VAs in customer service. However, we do not yet know for which kinds of tasks speech is beneficial. Drawing on task-technology fit theory, we present a research model to examine the applicability of VAs to different tasks. To test this model, we conducted a laboratory experiment with 116 participants who had to complete an information search task with a VA or a chatbot. The results show that speech exhibits higher perceived efficiency, lower cognitive effort, higher enjoyment, and higher service satisfaction than text-based interaction. We also find that these effects depend on the task’s goal-directedness. These findings extend task-technology fit theory to customers’ choice of interaction modalities and inform practitioners about the use of VAs for information search tasks.