bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-homogeneous Heating induces Scale-free Correlations and Slow time Scales in a Granular-like Velocity Field
Authors: Plati Andrea , Puglisi Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider a velocity field with linear viscous interactions defined on a one dimensional lattice. Brownian baths with different parameters can be coupled to the boundary sites and to the bulk sites, determining different kinds of non-equilibrium steady states or free-cooling dynamics. Analytical results for spatial and temporal correlations are provided by analytical diagonalisation of the system’s equations in the infinite size limit. We demonstrate that spatial correlations are scale-free and timescales become exceedingly long when the system is driven only at the boundaries. On the contrary, in the case a bath is coupled to the bulk sites too, an exponential correlation decay is found with a finite characteristic length. This is also true in the free cooling regime, but in this case the correlation length grows diffusively in time. We discuss the crucial role of non-homogeneous energy injection for long-range correlations and slow timescales , proposing an analogy between this simplified dynamical model and recent experiments with dense vibro-fluidized granular materials. Several generalizations and connections with the statistical physics of active matter are also suggested.
The Phytochemical analysis, Metabolic profiling, Anti-bacterial and Anti-oxidant activity of Nepeta cataria
Authors: . Ali Nadeem , . Bashir Ahmad , Imran Muhammad , . Aisha Tabassum , . Lyle E Craker 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Nepeta cataria is a naturally growing plant in the regions of Pakistan, in English name is Catnip mint and the local name is Badranj boya. This plant has immense pharmacological and medical importance. It is used in herbal and traditional medicine as an antipathogenic agent. However detailed phytochemical analyses in a wide spectrum of solvents and their antimicrobial analysis against both Gram-positive and negative limited studied. Objectives: This study aimed to identify phytochemicals, metabolome, antimicrobial potential, and antioxidant analysis of Nepeta cataria (Pakistani plant). Methods: Plant collection, identification, cleaning, and grinding were performed followed by extract preparation in five solvents i.e. methanol, ethanol, water, acetone, and hexane. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed by general biochemical tests. . GC/MS was used to identify metabolic compounds in all extracts. Antibacterial analysis for both gram-positive and negative bacteria was performed by Kirby’s Disc method, 96 well test, and Resazurin test. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay. Results: Kirby disk diffusion method results indicated that Nepeta cataria extracts in different solvents maximum inhibition percentage against tested bacteria was 250-1000 µg/ml. Resazurin method inhibition against bacterial strains was 6.25-100 µl/ml. The Phytochemical analysis for Phenolic Compounds, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Cardiac Glycosides, Free Anthraquinones, Combined Anthraquinones, Tannins, Alkaloids, and DPPH was positive in the different extracts. The ORAC was 133759.021um/100ml in concentration. GC/MS analysis of methanolic extract (71 identified + 48 unknown),ethanol-based extract ( 80 known + 31unknown), water-based extract ( 28 known + 11 unknown ), acetone-based extract ( 13 known + 9 unknown) , hexane based extract (11 known + 8 unmatched) phytochemicals were detected. Conclusion: Current study concludes the remarkable antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Nepeta cataria extracts.
Viral Oncogenesis in Tumors of the Central Nervous System: Reality or Random Association? A Retrospective Study on Archived Material
Authors: Arsene Dorel Eugen , Milanesi Elena , Dobre Maria 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors have devastating effects. They are recurrent, with dismal prognosis (gliomas) or life-threatening by compression effect (meningiomas). The etiology is still debatable, and over the last decade the hypothesis that human viruses may be implicated in these tumors has been proposed. Our aim was to examine the presence of eleven viruses in the most frequent CNS primary tumors. Methods: We assessed by PCR the viral presence in archived, paraffin embedded tumor tissues from 114 patients with glioma and meningioma and in the brain tissue from 40 controls lacking tumor pathology. We focused on candidate neuro-oncogenic types (herpesviridae and polyomaviruses) and on human papillomavirus (HPV). Results: HPV presence, for which an involvement in these tumors was hardly investigated, was found to be associated with both tumor categories compared with controls (glioma, p=0.032; meningioma, p=0.032), whereas the presence of the neuro-oncogenic viruses was found in a negligible number of both categories, suggesting a lack of association with the tumor presence. Moreover, our study revealed a positive correlation between HPV presence and glioma malignancy, and a negative correlation with meningioma grading.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the presence of HPV seems to be significantly associated with primary tumors of the CNS and its coverings.
GIS-Based Weights-of-Evidence Model for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping and Assessment in the Hillslopes of Bujumbura, Burundi
Authors: Kubwimana Désiré , Brahim Lahsen Ait , Abdelouafi Abdellah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research is the modelling of landslide susceptibility in the hillslopes of Bujumbura using the Weights-of-Evidence model, a probabilistic data modelling approach relevant for predicting future landslides at a regional scale. Initially, characteristics and spatial mapping of different landslides type were identified (fall, flow, slide, complex) by thorough interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing data (mountainous areas with difficult access) and intensive fieldwork. Subsequently, the main landslides controlling factors were selected (lithology, fault density, land use, drainage density, slope aspect, curvature, slope angle, and elevation) using in-depth field knowledge and relevant literature. A landslide inventory map with a total of 569 landslide sites was constructed using the data from various sources. Out of those 569 landslide sites, 285 (50.1%) of the data taken before the 2000s was used for training and the remaining 284 (49.9%) sites (post-2000 events) were used for the accuracy assessment purpose. Thereafter, a prediction map of future landslides was generated with an accuracy of 73.7%. The main geo-environmental landslides factors retained are the high density of drainage networks, the lithology often made with weathered gneiss, the high fault density, the steep topography and the convex slope curvature. The landslide susceptibility map validated was reclassified into very high, high, moderate, low and very low zones. The established susceptibility map will allow with the interaction of the real terrain to locate roads, dwellings, urban extension areas, dams located in high landslides risk zones. These infrastructures will require intervention to address their vulnerability with new facilities, slope stabilization, creation of bypass roads, etc. The susceptibility map produced will be a powerful decision-making tool for drawing up appropriate development plans. Such an approach will make it possible to mitigate the socio-economic impacts due to slope instabilities.
Phlebotomine Sand Fly Survey in the Republic of Moldova: Species Composition, Distribution and Host Preferences
Authors: Sulesco Tatiana , Kasap Ozge Erisoz , Halada Petr , Oguz Gizem , Rusnac Dimian , Marketa Gresova , Alten Bulent , Volf Petr , Dvorak Vit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodiae) in the Republic of Moldova have been understudied for decades. Our study provides a first update on their occurrence, species composition and bloodmeal sources after fifty years.Methods: During 5 seasons (2013-2017), 58 localities from 20 regions were surveyed for presence of sand flies using CDC light traps and manual aspirators. Species identification was done by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches (DNA barcoding, MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling). In engorged females, host blood was identified by three molecular techniques (RFLP, cytb sequencing and MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping). Population structure of most abundant species was studied by cox1 haplotyping, phylogenetic analyses of ITS2 and cox1 genetic markers were used to resolve relationships of other detected species.Results: In total, 780 sand flies were collected at 30 (51.7%) localities from 12 regions of Moldova. Three species were identified by an integrative morphological and molecular approach: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perfiliewi and Adlerius sp., the first being the most abundant and widespread, markedly anthropophilic based of bloodmeal analyses and occurring also indoor, showing low structuring of population with only 5 haplotypes of cox1 detected. Distinct morphological and molecular characters of Adlerius sp. specimens suggest presence of yet undescribed species.Conclusions: Our study revealed a presence of stable sand fly population of three species in Moldova that pose a nuisance by biting as well as potential thread of pathogen transmission and shall be further studied.
Evaluation of The Anti-Newcastle Disease Vaccine Serum (ANDVS) on Canine Distemper
Authors: Arbabi Mohammad , Sarchahi Ali Asghar , Mohebalian Hadi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Distemper is a contagious, highly lethal, and almost incurable viral disease in dogs and other terrestrial carnivores. This study aimed to treat distemper in dogs with a novel method. Two healthy 10 and 12- month male dogs of mixed breed and weighed 31 and 33 Kg were prepared. A 1000-dose vial of Newcastle disease vaccine (Lasota strain) was then diluted in 6 ml normal saline and 3 ml of it was injected into the cephalic vein of each dog. Eleven hours later, the dogs were anesthetized and 20% of their blood volume was collected. Blood sera were separated and used as anti- Newcastle disease vaccine serum (ANDVS) to treat dogs suspected to have canine distemper. Dogs whose distemper was finally diagnosed by RT-PCR were grouped in the following seven treatment groups: 1- ANDVS; 2- ANDVS+ Cotrimoxazole; 3- ANDVS+ Penicillin-Gentamicin; 4- ANDVS+ Cefazolin-Amikacin; 5- Cotrimoxazole; 6- Penicillin-Gentamycin; 7- Cefazolin-Amikacin. Then the mortality rate of dogs, correlation between distemper and sex, breed, and age, and effects of distemper on hematological factors and vital signs were evaluated. The recovery rate in the ANDVS+ Cotrimoxazole and the ANDVS+ Cefazolin-Amikacin groups were higher than the ANDVS group (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference between the mortality rate in distemper positive and negative dogs. It is concluded that although ANDVS alone has no effect on the treatment of distemper, along with some antibiotics such as cotrimoxazole or cefazolin+ amikacin significantly improved the recovery rate compared to antibiotics used alone.
Map Based Cloning of a Dominant Rust Resistance Gene and Mapping of its Duplicated Paralogues in Cultivated Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Mondal Suvendu , Shafi K. Mohamed , Raizada Avi , Kesvad Devyanee S. , Bhat Pallavi , Hui Song , Sowdhamini Ramanathan , Badigannavar Anand M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding the mechanism and nature of resistance genes in crop plants is essential for its use in new breeding techniques. Previously, a dominant rust resistance gene was fine-mapped within a 1.2 cM interval in chromosome A03 of groundnut. Here, the rust resistance gene, VG9514-Rgene was isolated through map based cloning. Sequencing of the gene from resistant and susceptible plants revealed non-synonymous mutations in the TIR, NBS and LRR region of R-protein. Genetic mapping of these SNPs-based markers confirmed the position of VG9514-Rgene in between FRS 72 and SSR_GO340445 markers in chromosome A03. Homology searching identified four homologous R-genes in groundnut genome. Of them, Arahy.R8KUIR, Arahy.T6DCA5 and Arahy.ZZ0VZ9 are paralogues. These paralogous genes had several small InDels. Mapping of these InDels-based markers revealed tandem duplication of these paralogous R-genes at distal portion of chromosome A03. Ka/Ks calculation revealed that this unique VG9514-Rgene had undergone positive selection. Homology based structure modelling of this R-protein revealed a typical consensus three dimensional folding of TIR-NBS-LRR protein. Non-synonymous mutations in susceptible version of R-protein were mapped in this protein model and found E268Q mutation in hhGRExE motif, Y309F in RNBS-A motif and I579T in MHD motif of NB-ARC domain are probable candidates for loss of function.
Genetic analysis of sucrose concentration in soybean seeds&nbsp;using a historical soybean genomic panel
Authors: Ficht Alexandra , Bruce Robert W. , Torkamaneh Davoud , Grainger Christopher , Eskandari Milad , Rajcan Istvan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is a crop of global importance for both human and animal consumption, which was domesticated in China more than 6000 years ago. A concern about losing genetic diversity as a result of decades of breeding has been expressed by soybean researchers. In order to develop new cultivars, it is critical for breeders to understand the genetic variability present for traits of interest in their program germplasm. Sucrose concentration is becoming an increasingly important trait for the production of soy-food products. The objective of this study was to use a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify putative QTL for sucrose concentration in soybean seed. A GWAS panel consisting of 266 historic and current soybean accessions was genotyped with 76k genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) SNP data and phenotyped in four field locations in Ontario (Canada) from 2015 to 2017. Seven putative QTL were identified on chromosomes 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13 and 14. A key gene related to sucrose synthase (Glyma.06g182700) was found to be associated with the QTL found on chromosome 6. This information will facilitate efforts to increase the available genetic variability for sucrose concentration in soybean breeding programs and develop new and improved high-sucrose soybean cultivars suitable for the soy-food industry.
The Long-Term Outcome of Cyberknife Therapy for Head and Neck Paraganglioma: Management Suggestion From a Single Center Experience
Authors: Hong Sukwoo , Kagawa Kenji , Sato Kengo , Ichi Shunsuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
IntroductionTo analyze the long-term follow-up data of CyberKnife treatment (CKT) for head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGs). MethodsPatients who received CKT to HNPGs from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. ResultsA total of 34 HNPGs from 29 patients were identified. The mean age was 50 (± 16) years old, and 15 patients (52%) were female. Previous operation was done in 15 patients (55%). Four cases (14%) were functional in hormone production. According to Fisch classification, one case (3%) was B, 12 (42%) were C, 14 (48%) were D, and two cases (7%) were out of classification. The median prescribed dose covered 95% of the planning target volume was 2500 (IQR 2100 – 2600) cGy and the median target volume was 10 (IQR 5.8 – 21.3) cm3. The local control rate was 97%. The median progression-free survival was 66 (IQR 27.5 – 95.0) months and 93.8%, and 91.7% were free of tumor progression at five, and seven years respectively. During the follow-up, one case (3%) resulted in permanent facial nerve palsy (CTCAE 1, House-Brackmann grade II), and another case (3%) resulted in asymptomatic cerebellar radiation necrosis. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed no previous surgical history (OR 10.3, 95% CI 1.5 – 69.3, p = 0.02) was a positive predictor of symptom improvement. We devised a treatment flow-chart based on our finding. ConclusionsCKT for HNPGs was an effective treatment with little side effect over the long term and should be considered the first-line therapy for symptomatic nonfunctional HNPGs for better symptom control.
Post-COVID-19 Symptom Burden: What is Long-COVID and How Should We Manage It?
Authors: Sykes Dominic Lee , Holdsworth Luke , Jawad Nadia , Gunasekera Pumali , Morice Alyn H , Crooks Michael G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The enduring impact of COVID-19 on patients has been examined in recent studies, leading to the description of Long-COVID. We report the lasting symptom burden of COVID-19 patients from the first wave of the pandemic. All patients with COVID-19 pneumonia discharged from a large teaching hospital trust were offered follow-up. We assessed symptom burden at follow-up using a standardised data collection technique during virtual outpatient clinic appointments. Eighty-six percent of patients reported at least one residual symptom at follow-up. No patients had persistent radiographic abnormalities. The presence of symptoms at follow-up was not associated with the severity of the acute COVID-19 illness. Females were significantly more likely to report residual symptoms including anxiety (p=0.001), fatigue (p=0.004), and myalgia (p=0.022). The presence of long-lasting symptoms is common in COVID-19 patients. We suggest that the phenomenon of Long-COVID may not be directly attributable to the effect of SARS-CoV-2, and believe the biopsychosocial effects of COVID-19 may play a greater role in its aetiology.
WITHDRAWN: Modification of Natural Leather Properties via Grafting Polymerization of Glycidyl Methacrylate Monomer
Authors: Hussein Nadia , Alatawi Raedah A.S. , Albalawi Marzough A. , Al-Sayed Hanan M. A. , Bukhari Abeer Abdulaziz H. , Faridi U , Elsayed Nadia H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chrome tanned leather was grafted by poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (L-g-PGMA) via emulsion polymerization technique and the grafting yield 26%. Epoxy content of the grafted leather samples was 69.4 mmol/100gm. The obtained L-g-PGMA samples were impregnated in different dibutyl amine solutions using amine/ epoxy molar ratio ranging from 0.5 up to 2.5. The obtained samples were assessed through varying nitrogen analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravemetric analysis (TGA) analysis and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the nitrogen content of the treated leather samples increases by increasing the dibutyl amine concentration up to amine/ epoxy molar ratio of 2 after which it decreases. The water absorption, tensile strength and elongation (%) as well as hardness of the modified leather samples were studied and compared with the unmodified one. The colour strength values of dyed leather samples with acid dye were found to increase by grafting or by increasing the amine/epoxy molar ratio up to a value of 1.0 after which it decreases. On the contrary, the colour strength value of dyed leather sample with reactive dye sharply decreases after grafting with poly (glycidyl methacrylate). Samples grafted with glycidyl methacrylate and treated with dibutylacrylate amine exhibit increased colour strength which is directly related to the nitrogen content of the sample.
Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers of Ewing Sarcoma using Bioinformatics Analysis and Experiments
Authors: Zhang Jun , He Mingwei , Feng Wenyu , Liu Yun , Luo Xiaoting , Xie Tianyu , He Juliang , Ma Jie , Wei Qingjun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background. Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most familiar bone or soft-tissue sarcoma, making the identification of EWS biomarkers critically important. This study aimed to explore and validate potential prognostic biomarkers in EWS by bioinformatics analysis and experiments. Methods The microarray dataset GSE119546 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EWS cells treated with and without Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitors were analyzed using R package limma. Next, we performed gene enrichment analysis and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The expression level of the top18 hub genes and the overall survival (OS) in patients with sarcoma were validated using the Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) databases. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of Bystin Like (BYSL), Nucleolar Protein 11 (NOL11), and P21-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1 (PAK1IP1) was detected by RT-PCR in the EWS cell line (A-673), and the protein expression in EWS tissue was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results Our study identified 343 DEGs, which were associated with various cancer-related functions and pathways. A total of three DEGs, including BYSL, NOL11, and PAK1IP1, were identified as hub genes with prognostic values using GEPAI2 and Oncomine. Finally, RT-PCR results showed the mRNA expression level of BYSL, NOL11, and PAK1IP1 in A-673 cells was higher than that in human mesenchymal stem cells. IHC staining revealed a positive expression ratio of NOL11, BYSL, and PAK1IP1 was 63.6% (14/22), 31.9% (7/22), and 0% (0/22), respectively. Cox regression analysis confirmed NOL11 was a significant prognostic factor for OS. Conclusions. Our findings revealed that NOL11 may be a potential biomarker for EWS prognosis and treatment.
Identifying of selective agonists targeting LXRβ from terpene compounds of Alismatis Rhizoma
Authors: Lin Chuanjiong , Li Jianzong , Wu Chuanfang , Bao Jinku 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is thought as an important contributor to coronary disease, diabetes and fatty liver. Liver X receptors β (LXRβ) was considered as a validated target for hyperlipidemia therapy due to its role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis and immunity. However, many current drugs applied in clinic are not selectively targeting LXRβ and they can also activate LXRα which activate SREBP-1c worked as activator of lipogenic genes. Therefore, exploiting agonists selectively targeting LXRβ are urgent. Here, computational tools were used to screen potential agonists selectively targeting LXRβ from 112 terpenes of Alismatis Rhizoma. Firstly, structural analysis between selective and nonselective agonists were used to explore key residues of selective binding with LXRβ. Our data indicated that Phe271, Ser278, Met312, His435, Trp457 were important to compounds binding with LXRβ, suggesting that engaging ligand interaction with these residues may provide directions for development of ligands with improved selective profiles. Then, ADMET analysis, molecular docking, MD simulations and calculation of binding free energy and its decomposition were executed to screen the agonists whose bioactivity were favorable from 112 terpenes of Alismatis Rhizoma. We found that two triterpenes 16-hydroxy-alisol B 23-acetate and Alisol M 23-acetate showed favorable ADMET properties and high binding affinity against LXRβ. These compounds could be considered as promising selective agonists targeting LXRβ. Our work provides an alternative strategy for screening agonists selectively targeting LXRβ from Alismatis Rhizoma for hyperlipidemia disease treatment.