bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth
Authors: Smith Gordon P. , Davidowitz Goggy , Alarcón Ruben , Papaj Daniel R. , Bronstein Judith L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWithin‐species variation in pollinator behavior is widely observed, but its causes have been minimally investigated. Pollinator sex is associated with large differences in behavior that may lead to predictable differences in flower foraging, but this expectation has not been explicitly tested. We investigate sex‐associated differences in nectar‐foraging behavior of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, using pollen on the proboscis as a proxy for flower visitation. We tested two predictions emerging from the literature: (1) the sexes differ in the flower species they visit, (2) females are more specialized in flower choice. We also examined potential drivers underlying these predictions by performing field and laboratory experiments to test whether males (3) switch among flower species more frequently, or (4) fly farther and therefore encounter more species than females. Consistent with prediction (1), pollen load composition differed between the sexes, indicative of visitation differences. Contrary to prediction (2), females consistently carried more species‐rich pollen loads than males. (3) Both sexes switched between flower species at similar rates, suggesting that differences in floral fidelity are unlikely to explain why females are less specialized than males. (4) Males flew longer distances than females; coupled with larger between‐site differences in pollen composition for females, this result suggests that sex differences in mobility influence foraging, and that females may forage more frequently and in smaller areas than males. Together, our results demonstrate that sex‐associated foraging differences can be large and consistent over time, and highlight the importance of sex as a driver of variation in pollinator behavior.
Accuracy of standard magnetic resonance imaging sequences for meniscal and chondral lesions versus knee arthroscopy. A prospective case‐controlled study of 719 cases
Authors: Porter Mark , Shadbolt Bruce 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used for diagnosis and as a research tool, but its accuracy is questionable. The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy of knee MRI with clinical assessment for diagnosing meniscal tears, and to determine the accuracy of MRI for grading chondral lesions, relative to arthroscopy.MethodsPhysically active patients presenting with mechanical symptoms warranting a knee arthroscopy and satisfying the inclusion criteria, had both a knee arthroscopy and MRI performed. Arthroscopic findings were compared with those of MRI, using the International Chondral Research Society grading for chondral damage, and the presence or absence of a meniscal tear.ResultsA total of 719 patients were recruited over a period of 6.5 years, average age 52 years (standard deviation, SD 5.2), male:female = 493:226. Kappa scores with standard errors (SE) for agreement between MRI and knee arthroscopy were 0.41 (SE 0.1) for medial meniscal tears, and 0.44 (SE 0.1) for lateral meniscal tears. For the grade of chondral damage, the Kappa scores with SE values were 0.09 (0.1), 0.17 (0.1), and 0.22 (0.07) for anterior, medial and lateral compartments, respectively. Using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves, we found clinical assessment was more accurate than MRI for diagnosis of lateral meniscal tears (P < 0.001), and of similar accuracy for the diagnosis of medial meniscal tears (P = 0.12).ConclusionsMRI has relatively poor correlation with arthroscopic findings for grading the chondral damage and was less accurate than clinical assessment for the diagnosis of lateral meniscal tears.
Clinical features, diagnosis and therapy of familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Janka Gritta E. , Aricò Maurizio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFamilial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is an inherited immune deficiency with defective cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A highly stimulated, but ineffective immune response leads to severe hyperinflammation. Clinical and laboratory features are characteristic, but unspecific; thus awareness of FHL is important for early diagnosis. FHL is rapidly fatal without treatment. Standard‐of‐care therapy is etoposide and corticosteroids, followed by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).ConclusionFHL has become a curable disease with present treatment. Additional cytokine‐directed therapy still has to prove its value. Earlier HSCT and less toxic conditioning regimens will lead to improved cure rates.
A Rapid, End‐to‐end, Generative Model for Gaseous Phenomena from Limited Views
Authors: Qiu Sheng , Li Chen , Wang Changbo , Qin Hong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the rapid development and proliferation of computer graphics hardware devices for scene capture in the most recent decade, the high‐resolution 3D/4D acquisition of gaseous scenes (e.g., smokes) in real time remains technically challenging in graphics research nowadays. In this paper, we explore a hybrid approach to simultaneously taking advantage of both the model‐centric method and the data‐driven method. Specifically, this paper develops a novel conditional generative model to rapidly reconstruct the temporal density and velocity fields of gaseous phenomena based on the sequence of two projection views. With the data‐driven method, we can achieve the strong coupling of density update and the estimation of flow motion, as a result, we can greatly improve the reconstruction performance for smoke scenes. First, we employ a conditional generative network to generate the initial density field from input projection views and estimate the flow motion based on the adjacent frames. Second, we utilize the differentiable advection layer and design a velocity estimation network with the long‐term mechanism to help achieve the end‐to‐end training and more stable graphics effects. Third, we can re‐simulate the input scene with flexible coupling effects based on the estimated velocity field subject to artists' guidance or user interaction. Moreover, our generative model could accommodate single projection view as input. In practice, more input projection views are enabling and facilitating the high‐fidelity reconstruction with more realistic and finer details. We have conducted extensive experiments to confirm the effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness of our new method compared with the previous state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Primary cutaneous malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor: Case of a rare tumor with review of the literature
Authors: Cole Daniel W. , Menge Tyler D. , Renati Sruthi , Bresler Scott C. , Patel Rajiv M. , Fullen Douglas R. , Hamp Leela M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPerivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are mesenchymal neoplasms with characteristic epithelioid or spindled cytomorphology that typically grow around blood vessels. These tumors are phenotypically and immunohistochemically distinct, expressing markers of both melanocytic and smooth muscle differentiation. Herein, we describe a case of histopathologically malignant cutaneous PEComa without metastatic spread, with review of the pertinent literature. Telescoping punch biopsy demonstrated an epithelioid neoplasm with marked atypia, hypercellularity, and increased mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical stains for HMB‐45, NK1‐C3, PGP9.5, MiTF, CD10, and CD68 were positive within tumor cells. In addition, there was diffuse expression of caldesmon and focal cytoplasmic staining for smooth muscle actin on the excision specimen. The patient underwent treatment with surgical excision with adjuvant radiation and surveillance computed tomography (CT). The patient remains free of recurrence or metastatic disease after 10 months of follow‐up. To our knowledge, this is only the third reported case of a malignant cutaneous PEComa reported in the literature to date.
Disarranged neuroplastin environment upon aging and chronic stress recovery in female Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Balog Marta , Blažetić Senka , Ivić Vedrana , Labak Irena , Krajnik Bartosz , Marin Raquel , Canerina‐Amaro Ana , de Pablo Daniel Pereda , Bardak Ana , Gaspar Robert , Szűcs Kálmán Ferenc , Vari Sandor G. , Heffer Marija 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic stress produces long‐term metabolic changes throughout the superfamily of nuclear receptors, potentially causing various pathologies. Sex hormones modulate the stress response and generate a sex‐specific age‐dependent metabolic imprint, especially distinct in the reproductive senescence of females. We monitored chronic stress recovery in two age groups of female Sprague Dawley rats to determine whether stress and/or aging structurally changed the glycolipid microenvironment, a milieu playing an important role in cognitive functions. Old females experienced memory impairment even at basal conditions, which was additionally amplified by stress. On the other hand, the memory of young females was not disrupted. Stress recovery was followed by a microglial decrease and an increase in astrocyte count in the hippocampal immune system. Since dysfunction of the brain immune system could contribute to disturbed synaptogenesis, we analyzed neuroplastin expression and the lipid environment. Neuroplastin microenvironments were explored by analyzing immunofluorescent stainings using a newly developed Python script method. Stress reorganized glycolipid microenvironment in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampal regions of old females but in a very different fashion, thus affecting neuroplasticity. The postulation of four possible neuroplastin environments pointed to the GD1a ganglioside enrichment during reproductive senescence of stressed females, as well as its high dispersion in both regions and to GD1a and GM1 loss in the CA1 region. A specific lipid environment might influence neuroplastin functionality and underlie synaptic dysfunction triggered by a combination of aging and chronic stress.
Foundation of damage tolerance principles in‐service for the RRJ‐95 aircraft structural components
Authors: Shanyavskiy Andrey A. , Soldatenkov Aleksey P. , Toushentsov Alexandr A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFatigue cracks initiated from holes in several zones and structural components of the RRJ‐95 aircraft frames were investigated. Using the method of quantitative fractography, the crack growth duration in the wing panels during full‐scale bench tests and in the brackets of the in‐service airframe was estimated by measuring the spacing of meso‐beach‐marks (MBM) and fatigue striations. The applied program of bench test consisted of blocks of variable loads that were equivalent to the wing loading in flight and reproducing schematized flight‐cycle. It was shown that the duration of fatigue crack propagation in several structural components of the RRJ‐95 aircraft frames was approximately the same as for the crack nucleation duration. The total lifetime is sufficiently long for cracks in the structural components to be detected and reliably monitored with a large operating time interval between adjacent inspections.
Gender equality and the feminized public sector in the affective struggles over the Finnish Competitiveness Pact
Authors: Kylä‐Laaso Miikaeli , Koskinen Sandberg Paula , Hokkanen Julius 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCollective bargaining has been under great pressure in Finland and Europe, including demands for increased wage competitiveness and reductions in public sector spending. This article showcases how relatively gender‐equal states with strong corporatist traditions, such as Finland, may align with neoliberal austerity policies that have gendered implications, even when gender equality becomes a prominent issue in a policy debate. This article analyzes the case of the Competitiveness Pact, a recent policy reform to lower labor costs initiated by the Finnish government and negotiated with labor market parties. This analysis combines affect theory and a policy‐constructivist approach to analyze the positions and documents produced by the government and labor market parties during the Competitiveness Pact negotiations. We identify problem representations regarding national competitiveness and suggest that the problem representations constructed anticipatory regimes that focused on potential future threats and crises, especially those related to the public sector, which was portrayed as a source of potential crisis and a threat to the masculine export sector. The article shows how neoliberal economic and governmental policies exacerbate gender inequality in the labor market with the consent of trade unions.
Modeling of Covid‐19 trade measures on essential products: a multiproduct, multicountry spatial price equilibrium framework
Authors: Nagurney Anna , Salarpour Mojtaba , Dong June 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a unified variational inequality framework in the context of spatial price network equilibrium problems that handles multiple products with multiple demand and supply markets in multiple countries as well as multiple transportation routes. The model incorporates a plethora of distinct trade measures, which is particularly important in the pandemic, as PPEs and other essential products are in high demand, but short in supply globally. In the model, product flows as well as prices at the supply markets and the demand markets in different countries are variables that allows us to seamlessly introduce various trade measures, including tariffs, quotas, as well as price floors and ceilings. Qualitative properties are analyzed. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the impacts of the trade measures on equilibrium product path and link flows, and on prices, and demand and supply quantities. Given the relevance of the trade measures in the world today and discussions concerning the impacts, the framework constructed in this paper is especially timely.
Protective role of mindfulness, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility on the burnout subtypes among psychology and nursing undergraduate students
Authors: Martínez‐Rubio David , Martínez‐Brotons Cristina , Monreal‐Bartolomé Alicia , Barceló‐Soler Alberto , Campos Daniel , Pérez‐Aranda Adrián , Colomer‐Carbonell Ariadna , Cervera‐Torres Sergio , Solé Silvia , Moreno Yolanda , Montero‐Marín Jesús 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the relationship between mindfulness, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility, and the burnout subtypes in university students of the Psychology and Nursing degrees, and to analyse possible risk factors for developing burnout among socio‐demographic and studies‐related characteristics.DesignCross‐sectional study conducted on a sample of 644 undergraduate students of Nursing and Psychology from two Spanish universities.MethodsThe study was conducted between December 2015 and May 2016. Bivariate Pearson's correlations were computed to analyse the association between mindfulness facets, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility, and levels of burnout. Multivariate linear regression models and bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were also computed.ResultsThe three subtypes of burnout presented significant correlations with psychological flexibility, self‐compassion and some mindfulness facets. Psychological flexibility, self‐compassion and the mindfulness facets of observing and acting with awareness were significantly associated to burnout. Among the risk factors, ‘year of study’ was the only variable to show significantly higher risk for every burnout subtype.ConclusionThe significant associations found between mindfulness, self‐compassion, psychological flexibility and burnout levels underline the need of including these variables as therapeutic targets when addressing the burnout syndrome in university students.Impact.Undergraduate students, especially those of health sciences, often experience burnout. This study delves into the protective role of some psychological variables: mindfulness, self‐compassion and psychological flexibility. These should be considered as potentially protective skills for developing burnout, and therefore, undergraduate students could be trained on these abilities to face their studies and their future profession to prevent experiencing burnout syndrome.
Distance education amid a pandemic: Which psycho‐demographic variables affect students in higher education?
Authors: Göksu İdris , Ergün Naif , Özkan Zafer , Sakız Halis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has led to a rapid transition from face‐to‐face to distance learning. The problems caused by this rapid transition are combined with the negative psychological outcomes of the pandemic, leading to numerous problems and difficulties in the teaching and learning processes. The recentness of these issues and developments requires detailed investigation as to how they affect distance learning. This study aims to investigate the role of psycho‐demographic variables in the motivation and attendance of higher education students in distance education within the context of the Covid‐19 pandemic. In this descriptive study, we collected data from 1494 Turkish university students via an online survey. Quantitative data were analysed using correlation analysis, t test, one‐way ANOVA, multiple linear regression analysis, and structural equation modelling. Stress, anxiety, depression and intolerance of uncertainty were correlated negatively with distance learning motivation and frequency of distance learning attendance. While students who attended distance learning only synchronously joined the courses more frequently, the motivation of those who joined the courses sometimes synchronously and sometimes asynchronously was higher. The strength of the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty and distance learning motivation was significantly increased via anxiety and depression. Findings highlight the need for analysis of psycho‐demographic variables while designing and implementing distance education programmes. Psychological variables including stress, anxiety and depression are related to motivation and attendance during distance education. While using both synchronous and asynchronous distance learning enhances motivation, synchronous learning increases attendance.
Accuracy of three tools for malnutrition diagnosis in hospitalised patients: Comparison to subjective global assessment
Authors: Burgel Camila Ferri , Eckert Igor da Conceição , Brito Julia Epping , Rodrigues Fernanda Winterscheidt , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is prevalent in hospital, and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) has been widely used for its identification. However, in the last decade, new tools were proposed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics–American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND‐ASPEN), European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). The diagnostic test accuracy of these tools has been scarcely investigated. Thus, we aimed to compare the accuracy of AND‐ASPEN, ESPEN and GLIM for malnutrition diagnosis in hospitalised patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with hospitalised patients aged ≥ 18 years from a five‐unit complex hospital. Malnutrition was diagnosed within 48 h of admission using SGA, AND‐ASPEN, ESPEN and GLIM. The accuracy of these tools was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, considering SGA as reference, which was compared by the DeLong test.ResultsSix hundred patients (55.7 ± 14.8 years, 51.3% male) were evaluated. AND‐ASPEN [AUROC 0.846; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.810–0.883] and GLIM presented a satisfactory accuracy (AUROC 0.842; 95% CI, 0.807–0.877), whereas ESPEN had a substantially lower accuracy (AUROC, 0.572; 95% CI, 0.522–0.622). The AUROC of AND‐ASPEN and GLIM were not different from each other (p = 0.785) and both had significantly higher accuracy than ESPEN (p < 0.001). AND‐ASPEN and GLIM presented sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value > 80%, whereas ESPEN sensitivity was < 20%.ConclusionsAND‐ASPEN and GLIM were accurate methods for diagnosing malnutrition and could be applied in hospitalised patients. By contrast, the ESPEN criteria had unsatisfactory accuracy.
Role of serotonin in body weight, insulin secretion and glycaemic control
Authors: Georgescu Teodora , Lyons David , Heisler Lora K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes are key healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Subsequent to its discovery in 1948, serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) has emerged as a principal modulator of energy homeostasis and body weight, prompting it to be a target of weight loss medications (eg, fenfluramine, D‐fenfluramine, fenfluramine‐phentermine and sibutramine). The potential risk of off‐target effects led to these medications being withdrawn from clinical use and spurred drug discovery into 5‐HT receptor selective ligands. The serotonin 2C receptor (5‐HT2CR) is the primary receptor through which 5‐HT impacts feeding and body weight and 5‐HT2CR agonist lorcaserin was released for obesity treatment in 2012. Obese patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed medications that produce weight loss commonly observe improvements in type 2 diabetes. However, recent research has provided compelling evidence that 5‐HT2CR agonists produce effects on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss. As such, neuroactive 5‐HT2CR agonists are a potential new category of type 2 diabetes medications. 5‐HT is also expressed within pancreatic β cells, is co‐released with insulin and may have a role in modulating insulin secretion. This review highlights the latest advances in the function of 5‐HT in body weight, insulin release and glycaemic control.
Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging‐based classification of adenomyosis and disease severity
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Matsubara Sho , Imanaka Shogo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study is to first investigate the correlation between image features and histological findings and the clinical severity of adenomyosis; second, search for imaging features to assess the type and locoregional extension of the disease; and finally, discuss the notation of image‐based classification.MethodsThis paper combines a review of the literature on adenomyosis with a series of cases who underwent surgery at Nara Medical University Hospital.ResultsCurrently, there has been a lack of clear, clinically relevant, and internationally acceptable definition and histological classification due to its diverse phenotype. A number of researchers have attempted to standardize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of adenomyosis. Some researchers have begun studies that relate the subtype classification using MRI to disease severity. There is evidence suggesting that diffuse adenomyosis and intrinsic adenomyosis are correlated with menstrual bleeding, while extrinsic adenomyosis and coexistence of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) are related to pelvic pain. MRI‐based classifications that are simple for use in the clinical setting are beginning to be proposed. However, the reliability and validity of these classifications have not yet been verified. A simplified notation is required to discuss the association between the classification and severity of adenomyosis. We introduce case reports using the notation of four items necessary for classification of adenomyosis.ConclusionThere is an urgent need to determine the definitions of terms used in subtype classification and to create and validate a globally unified notation that can predict the severity of adenomyosis symptoms.