bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of balneotherapy with natural mineral dissolved water on dry skin in atopic dermatitis: A phase IIa, nonrandomized, controlled study
Authors: Uchiyama Akihiko , Fujiwara Chisako , Inoue Yuta , Uchida Kazushi , Hiyama Miyabi , Itabashi Hideyuki , Motegi Sei‐ichiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesIt has been known that the use of moisturizers is useful in preventing the onset and maintaining remission of atopic dermatitis (AD). We recently focused on the moisturizing effect of natural mineral dissolved water and have conducted various studies. In this study, we investigated whether the bath treatment using natural mineral dissolved water can improve dry skin in AD patient in prospective nonblind, nonrandomized controlled study.MethodsThirteen adults with almost clear to moderate AD took bath therapy using tap water for 13 days, followed by bath therapy using natural mineral dissolved water for 13 days. Changes in the severity scoring, patient‐oriented eczema measure, pruritus numerical rating scale, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration were evaluated at day1, 14 and 28.ResultsTap water using bath treatment did not change the severity scoring and itch associated score, and it partially decrease TEWL when compared with baseline condition. Bath treatment using natural mineral dissolved water slightly decrease eczema area and severity index (EASI) score and significantly decrease TEWL with respect to baseline condition. Moreover, in relatively severe AD analysis, bath treatment with mineral dissolved water significantly decreased EASI and TEWL.ConclusionsBased on these results, bathing with natural mineral dissolved water may be effective in improving the dry skin of atopic dermatitis. Further studies are needed to evaluate its effects more clearly.
Schluss mit Kompetenzen! Praxisnahe Bildung für die Pharmaindustrie 4.0
Authors: Daubenfeld Thorsten , Geis Bernd , Gros Leo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDie gegenwärtigen Veränderungen in der pharmazeutischen Industrie wirken sich auch auf die Anforderungsprofile von Hochschulabsolventinnen und ‐absolventen aus. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben die Autoren ihre Erfahrungen mit und Einsichten zu diesem Thema aus Sicht einer Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften und aus Sicht der Industrie. Bewusst provozierend hinterfragen sie die starke Betonung der Kompetenzorientierung und deren gegenwärtige Umsetzung in der Hochschullehre. Sie meinen, dass die Beschreibung von Modulen und Lernzielen dem für die Praxis unabdingbaren Fachwissen häufig zu wenig Raum gibt und stellen den Zweiklang aus Wissen und Können am Beispiel der Lehrphilosophie von Carl Remigius Fresenius (1818–1897) als Gegenpol dar. Am Beispiel der M.Sc. Executive Initiative wird die Notwendigkeit und konkrete Umsetzbarkeit der Verflechtung von Wissensvermittlung und anwendungsorientierter Lehre im Kontext der Pharmaindustrie 4.0 verdeutlicht.
Hydrogean Peroxide Inducible Acid‐Activatable Prodrug for Targeted Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Jinhua , Si Shuang , Xu Jinyi , Xue Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBecause some of the potentially most useful boronic acids are inherently unstable in blood plasma and exhibit poor selective retention in tumours, 2‐heterocyclic N‐methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates provide a stable, spacious and highly effective harbor for prodrug conjugates. Herein we report MIDA boronates in conjunction with naphthalene‐based fluorophores as suitable compounds for tumour diagnosis by virtue of their remarkable specificity and uniform benchtop stability. The shielding group was found to be effective at imparting stability under physiological conditions (pH 7.4), with rapid release of the drug upon exposure to the acidic microenvironment of the tumor. This approach significantly enhanced the efficiency of drug release and was found to exhibit fewer side effects, thus indicating its great potential for precision therapeutics.
A Patent Review on the Current Developments of Benzoxazoles in Drug Discovery
Authors: Wong Xi Khai , Yeong Keng Yoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe benzoxazole moiety is widely found in various natural compounds, which are often found to be biologically active. Due to its versatile biological properties, benzoxazole has been incorporated as an essential pharmacophore and substructure in many medicinal compounds. In the past years, numerous benzoxazole derivatives have been synthesised and evaluated for their biological potential. The wide range in therapeutic potential of benzoxazole derivatives is related to the favourable interactions of the benzoxazole moiety with different protein targets. Herein we review the biological activities of benzoxazole derivatives patented within the past six years. Using the Lens database, granted patents issued from 2015 to 2020 were retrieved. The patented benzoxazole derivatives demonstrated excellent activity against various protein targets and diseases, with some reaching clinical trial stage. Pharmacological and medicinal aspects of patented benzoxazole derivatives are discussed. The recent development and drawbacks are also reviewed.
Retracted: Brain tumor segmentation and overall survival period prediction in glioblastoma multiforme using radiomic features
Authors: Das Suchismita , Bose Srijib , Nayak Gopal K. , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Saxena Sanjay 
Published: July 2021

SummaryGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM or glioblastoma) is a fast‐growing glioma that are the most invasive type of glial tumors, rapidly growing and commonly spreading into nearby brain tissue. Due to its aggressive and fast growing nature, patients suffer from high grade glioma (GBM) survive very less time as compare to other tumors. Prediction of patient survival (OS) time helps the radiologist for better systematic treatment planning and clinical decision making. The OS rate depends on the tumor size, shape, and different imaging features of brain. In this study, the OS period prediction was performed using Random Forest, SVM, XgBoost, and LGBM taking radiomic features which represents fused deep features and hand crafted features of the tumor. Efficiency of the prediction depends on the tumor volume that is segmented from the different MRI modalities. Hence the whole tumor and its sub tumor are extracted from multi‐modal MR images using U‐Net++ deep model and stacked together for deep features extraction using convolutional neural networks. To increase the accuracy, the features are reduced using PCA and then this radiomic feature set was used for OS period prediction. Prediction performance was evaluated for both 2‐class and 3‐class survival groups. The experiment was performed on well‐known dataset BraTS 2017 and achieved a classification AUC value as 63% for 3‐class classification and 2‐class group using different classifier. Segmentation DOR is computed as 1269.29, 2033.99, and 648.00 for complete tumor, enhancing tumor, and necrotic tumor extraction, respectively. To achieve even more accuracy, bio inspired optimization methods GA and PSO are used on fused feature set. Finally, the method achieves the AUC score of 0.66 using fused feature+SVM+GA (3‐class group) and 0.70 using fused feature+SVM+PSO (2‐class group) which outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art.
Direct and ancillary benefits of ecosystem‐based fisheries management in forage fish fisheries
Authors: Sanchirico James N. , Essington Timothy E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural resource management is evolving toward holistic, ecosystem‐based approaches to decision making. The ecosystem science underpinning these approaches needs to account for the complexity of multiple interacting components within and across coupled natural–human systems. In this research, we investigate the potential economic and ecological gains from adopting ecosystem‐based approaches for the sardine and anchovy fisheries off of the coast of California, USA. Research has shown that while predators in this system are likely substituting one forage species for another, the assemblage of sardine and anchovy can be a significant driver of predator populations. Currently, the harvest control rules for sardine and anchovy fisheries align more with traditional single species framework. We ask what are the economic and ecological gains when jointly determining the harvest control rules for both forage fish stocks and their predators relative to the status quo? What are the implications of synchronous and anti‐synchronous environmental recruitment variation between the anchovy and sardine stocks on optimal food‐web management? To investigate these questions, we develop an economic‐ecological model for sardine, anchovy, a harvested predator (halibut), and an endangered predator (Brown Pelican) that includes recruitment variability over time driven by changing environmental conditions. Utilizing large‐scale numerical optimal control methods, we investigate how the multiple variants of integrated management of sardine, anchovy, and halibut impact the overall economic condition of the fisheries and Brown Pelican populations over time. We find significant gains in moving to integrated catch control rules both in terms of the economic gains of the fished stocks, and in terms of the impacts on the Brown Pelican populations. We also compare the relative performance of current stylized catch control rules to optimal single species and optimal ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) across ecological and economic dimensions, where the former trade‐off considerable economic value for ecological goals. More generally, we demonstrate how EBFM approaches introduce and integrate additional management levers for policymakers to achieve non‐fishery objectives at lowest costs to the fishing sectors.
Effects of ecological environment and host genotype on the phyllosphere bacterial communities of cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Xing Lei , Yang Jianlei , Jia Yuhong , Hu Xi , Liu Yi , Xu Heng , Yin Huaqun , Li Juan , Yi Zhenxie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroorganisms of plant phyllosphere play an important role in plant health and productivity and are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. In this study, we investigated the phyllosphere bacterial communities of three cigar tobacco varieties cultivated in Guangcun (GC) and Wuzhishan (WZS), Hainan, China. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from tobacco leaf samples and sequenced by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Our results showed that bacterial communities of cigar tobacco phyllosphere in GC exhibited remarkably higher alpha diversity than that in WZS. There was slight effect of tobacco genotype variations on the alpha diversity in both cultivation sites, and beta diversity and structure of bacterial community were not influenced significantly by the cultivation sites and tobacco varieties. Statistical analyses of species diversity unraveled that the dominant species in bacterial communities of cigar tobacco phyllosphere among all these samples were phylogenetically affiliated to Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level, the most abundant microorganism was Limnobacter, followed by Brevundimonas, unidentified_Cyanobacteria, and Pseudomonas. Additionally, environmental conditions except for humidity were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of bacterial genera. Further analyses revealed that influence of site‐specific factors on tobacco bacterial community was relatively higher than genotype‐specific factors. In short, this study may contribute to the knowledge base of practical applications of bacterial inoculants for tobacco leaf production.
Impacts of a regional multiyear insect defoliation event on growing‐season runoff ratios and instantaneous streamflow characteristics
Authors: Smith‐Tripp Sarah , Griffith Alden , Pasquarella Valerie J. , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRepeated moderate severity forest disturbances can cause short‐ and long‐term shifts in ecosystem processes. Prior work has found that stand‐replacing disturbances (e.g., clear‐cutting) increase streamflow in temperate forests, but streamflow responses to repeated moderate severity disturbances are more equivocal. This study examined a moderate disturbance caused by an unexpected population irruption of the invasive insectLymantria dispar(common name: gypsy moth) in 2015–2017. This irruption resulted in defoliation that was locally severe in some areas but spatially heterogeneous at a regional scale.L.disparlarvae consume leaves during the summer growing season, which effectively reduces tree leaf area and associated evapotranspiration. Our regional approach in Southern New England, USA, used data from 83 US Geological Survey (USGS) stream gages to assess whether changes in growing‐season watershed runoff ratios and instantaneous streamflow characteristics during the 2015–2017 L.disparirruption were associated with satellite‐derived metrics of changes in forest condition (i.e., defoliation), compared to a 20‐year baseline streamflow period. We found a small, linear increase in growing‐season runoff ratio anomalies that was associated with defoliation intensity. The association between defoliation intensity and runoff ratio anomalies was magnified in less anthropogenically impacted reference watersheds. We also found that defoliation intensity was associated with larger volumes of high and medium instantaneous streamflows compared to baseline mean flow conditions. This study provided important insights into the impacts of moderate disturbance on ecohydrology in mesic temperate forests with a unique methodological approach that assessed the impacts of spatially heterogeneous and repeated moderate disturbance at a regional scale.
Land use, but not distance, drives fungal beta diversity
Authors: Marion Zachary H. , Orwin Kate H. , Wood Jamie R. , Holdaway Robert J. , Dickie Ian A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFungi are one of the most diverse taxonomic groups on the planet, but much of their diversity and community organization remains unknown, especially at local scales. Indeed, a consensus on how fungal communities change across spatial or temporal gradients—beta diversity—remains nascent. Here, we use a data set of plant‐associated fungal communities (leaf, root, and soil) across multiple land uses from a New Zealand–wide study to look at fungal community turnover at small spatial scales (<1 km). Using hierarchical Bayesian beta regressions and Hill‐number–based diversity profiles, we show that fungal communities are often markedly dissimilar at even small distances, regardless of land use. Moreover, diversity profile plots indicate that leaf, root, and soil‐associated communities show different patterns in the dominance or rarity of dissimilar species. Leaf‐associated communities differed from site to site in their low‐abundance species, whereas root‐associated communities differed between sites in the dominant species; soil‐associated communities were intermediate. Land‐use differences were largely driven by the lower turnover between high‐productivity grassland sites. Further, we discuss the implications and benefits of using diversity profile plots of turnover to draw inferences into the mechanisms of how communities are structured across spatial gradients.
Biological Investigations of Ru(II) Complexes with Diverse β‐Diketone Ligands
Authors: Ryan Raphael T. , Havrylyuk Dmytro , Stevens Kimberly C. , Moore L. Henry , Parkin Sean , Blackburn Jessica S. , Heidary David K. , Selegue John P. , Glazer Edith C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe β‐diketone scaffold is a commonly used synthetic intermediate, and is a functional group found in natural products such as curcuminoids. This core structure can also act as a chelating ligand for a variety of metals. In order to assess the potential of this scaffold for medicinal inorganic chemistry, seven different κ2‐O,O’‐chelating ligands were used to construct Ru(II) complexes with polypyridyl co‐ligands, and their biological activity was evaluated. The complexes demonstrated promising structure‐dependent cytotoxicity. Three complexes maintained high activity in a tumor spheroid model, and all complexes demonstrated low in vivo toxicity in a zebrafish model. From this series, the best compound exhibited a ∼30‐fold window between cytotoxicity in a 3‐D tumor spheroid model and potential in vivo toxicity. These results suggest that κ2‐O,O’‐ligands can be incorporated into Ru(II)‐polypyridyl complexes to create favorable candidates for future drug development.
Cyclometallated Pt(II) Complexes Containing a Functionalized Bis‐Urea Alkynyl Ligand: Probing Aggregation Mediated by Hydrogen BondsversusPt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π−π Interactions
Authors: Basuyaux Gaëtan , Amar Anissa , Troufflard Claire , Boucekkine Abdou , Métivier Rémi , Raynal Matthieu , Moussa Jamal , Bouteiller Laurent , Amouri Hani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeutral cyclometallated Pt(II) complexes [(C^Nt−Bu^Nt−Bu)Pt−R] (4–5) containing a bis‐urea alkynyl (R) ligand have been prepared and fully characterized. The dichotomous nature of4–5makes it difficult to anticipate which interactions (hydrogen bonds, π−π stacking and Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt) will dominate their assembly process. The aggregation properties of4–5were thus probed by multifarious analytical (UV/Vis, FT‐IR, NMR, MS, CD, emission) and computational (DFT, TD‐DFT) techniques. CD analyses of sergeants‐and‐soldiers type mixtures between4and an enantiopure Pt‐free monomer(S,S)‐3reveal that no amplification of supramolecular helicity occurs in this system. In fact, complex4acts as competitor or chain capper, likely through hydrogen bonding, of the homochiral assemblies formed by(S,S)‐3. In DMSO,1H NMR and DOSY analyses indicate that4and5form aggregates. Likewise, the aggregation is promoted by the addition of H2O as suggested by red shift of the lowest energy emission band, which might originate from a3MMLCT excited state. TD‐DFT calculations confirm that self‐aggregation occurs through Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π−π interactions yielding head‐to‐tail aggregates in DMSO and DMSO/H2O mixtures. Our study therefore suggests a (condition dependent) competitive rather than a cooperative mode of action of the different types of interactions present in aggregates of4–5.
Polydopamine‐modified MWCNTs‐glassy Carbon Electrode, a Selective Electrochemical Morphine Sensor
Authors: Sabeti M. , Ensafi Ali A. , Rezaei B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode was prepared using f‐MWCNTs and polydopamine. Several techniques were used to investigate the surface features. Voltammetric techniques were used to evaluate the electrocatalyst efficiency, and it was used for morphine determination using differential pulse voltammetry. Different parameters affecting the method‘s sensitivity and selectivity were optimized. The linear dynamic range was 0.075–75.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.06 μM morphine. Also, the method‘s selectivity was tested, which was proved to be satisfactory. Finally, the sensor was successfully used for morphine determination in human plasma and urine samples with acceptable results.
Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: 2010–2020
Authors: Thormann Wolfgang , Mosher Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe transport of components in liquid media under the influence of an applied electric field can be described with the continuity equation. It represents a nonlinear conservation law that is based upon the balance laws of continuous transport processes and can be solved in time and space numerically. This procedure is referred to as dynamic computer simulation. Since its inception four decades ago, the state of dynamic computer simulation software and its use has progressed significantly. Dynamic models are the most versatile tools to explore the fundamentals of electrokinetic separations and provide insights into the behavior of buffer systems and sample components of all electrophoretic separation methods, including moving boundary electrophoresis, CZE, CGE, ITP, IEF, EKC, ACE, and CEC. This article is a continuation of previous reviews (Electrophoresis 2009, 30, S16–S26 and Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 726–754) and summarizes the progress and achievements made during the 2010 to 2020 time period in which some of the existing dynamic simulators were extended and new simulation packages were developed. This review presents the basics and extensions of the three most used one‐dimensional simulators, provides a survey of new one‐dimensional simulators, outlines an overview of multi‐dimensional models, and mentions models that were briefly reported in the literature. A comprehensive discussion of simulation applications and achievements of the 2010 to 2020 time period is also included.
Protective rules of natural antioxidants against gamma‐induced damage—A review
Authors: Jameel Qaswaa Y. , Mohammed Nameer K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhytochemicals accessible in food have demonstrated efficiency against impairment by gamma radiation. The review presented here is an attempt to show the pharmacological outline of the activity of the natural antioxidants and its primary action of molecular mechanism against the damage induced by gamma rays. This research focused on the results of the in vitro dosage of natural antioxidants relationship, and on the correlation of this information with the statistical variables. Moreover, it deliberated the natural compounds which could decrease the unwelcome impacts of gamma radiation and safeguard biological systems from radiation‐stimulated genotoxicity. The outcomes indicated that natural compounds can be utilized as an adjunct to orthodox radiotherapy and cultivate it as an effectual drug for the clinical administration of ailments.
Anti‐obesity activity of Heracleum moellendorffii root extracts in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Geum Na Gyeong , Son Ho Jun , Yeo Joo Ho , Yu Ju Hyeong , Choi Min Yeong , Lee Jae Won , Baek Jueng Kyu , Jeong Jin Boo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt has been reported that H. mollendorffii roots (HMR) have various pharmacological activities such as anti‐inflammatory activity and immunostimulatory activity. However, the anti‐obesity activity of HMR has not been studied. Thus, we evaluated in vitro anti‐obesity of HMR in mouse preadipocytes, 3T3‐L1 cells. HMR reduced the lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents in 3T3‐L1 cells. HMR inhibited the protein expressions such as CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (CEBPα), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), perilipin‐1, adiponectin, fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) related to the lipid accumulation of the mature adipocytes. In addition, HMR induced the proteasomal degradation of CEBPα related to the differentiation of the preadipocytes into the mature adipocytes by activating c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). Based on the results of this study, HMR inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes through the CEBPα degradation via JNK and GSK3β activation and subsequently blocked lipid accumulation of mature adipocytes through inhibiting lipid accumulation‐related proteins such as CEBPα, PPARγ, perilipin‐1, adiponectin, FABP4, FAS, and ACC.