bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the geometric André–Oort conjecture for variations of Hodge structures
Authors: Chen Jiaming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Let

𝕍

{{\mathbb{V}}}

be a polarized variation of integral Hodge structure on a smooth complex quasi-projective variety S.
In this paper, we show that the union of the non-factor special subvarieties for

(
S
,
𝕍
)

{(S,{\mathbb{V}})}

, which are of Shimura type with dominant period maps, is a finite union of special subvarieties of S. This generalizes previous results of Clozel and Ullmo (2005) and Ullmo (2007) on the distribution of the non-factor (in particular, strongly) special subvarieties in a Shimura variety to the non-classical setting and also answers positively the geometric part of a conjecture of Klingler on the André–Oort conjecture for variations of Hodge structures.
Central values of additive twists of cuspidalL-functions
Authors: Nordentoft Asbjørn Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdditive twists are important invariants associated to holomorphic cusp forms; they encode the Eichler–Shimura isomorphism and contain information about automorphicL-functions. In this paper we prove that central values of additive twists of theL-function associated to a holomorphic cusp formfof even weightkare asymptotically normally distributed. This generalizes (tok≥4{k\geq 4}) a recent breakthrough of Petridis and Risager concerning the arithmetic distribution of modular symbols. Furthermore, we give as an application an asymptotic formula for the averages of certain “wide” families of automorphicL-functions consisting of central values of the formL⁢(f⊗χ,1/2){L(f\otimes\chi,1/2)}with χ a Dirichlet character.
Solving two-dimensional nonlinear fuzzy Volterra integral equations by homotopy analysis method
Authors: Georgieva Atanaska 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to find an approximate solution of the two-dimensional nonlinear fuzzy Volterra integral equation, as homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied. Studied equation is converted to a nonlinear system of Volterra integral equations in a crisp case. Using HAM we find approximate solution of this system and hence obtain an approximation for the fuzzy solution of the nonlinear fuzzy Volterra integral equation. The convergence of the proposed method is proved. An error estimate between the exact and the approximate solution is found. The validity and applicability of the HAM are illustrated by a numerical example.
Bayesian optimization design for finding a maximum tolerated dose combination in phase I clinical trials
Authors: Takahashi Ami , Suzuki Taiji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of combination therapies has become commonplace because potential synergistic benefits are expected for resistant patients of single-agent treatment. In phase I clinical trials, the underlying premise is toxicity increases monotonically with increasing dose levels. This assumption cannot be applied in drug combination trials, however, as there are complex drug–drug interactions. Although many parametric model-based designs have been developed, strong assumptions may be inappropriate owing to little information available about dose–toxicity relationships. No standard solution for finding a maximum tolerated dose combination has been established. With these considerations, we propose a Bayesian optimization design for identifying a single maximum tolerated dose combination. Our proposed design utilizing Bayesian optimization guides the next dose by a balance of information between exploration and exploitation on the nonparametrically estimated dose–toxicity function, thereby allowing us to reach a global optimum with fewer evaluations. We evaluate the proposed design by comparing it with a Bayesian optimal interval design and with the partial-ordering continual reassessment method. The simulation results suggest that the proposed design works well in terms of correct selection probabilities and dose allocations. The proposed design has high potential as a powerful tool for use in finding a maximum tolerated dose combination.
Fast recovery strategy for MMC-HVDC based on coordination of fault current suppression and adaptive restart
Authors: Zhang Jingru , He Baina , Zhang Qiurui , He Xingmin , Dong Yanchen , Jiang Renzhuo , Liu Yujia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The rapid suppression of fault current flowing through overhead transmission lines and safe restart of the system are critical problems to be solved urgently to improve the stability of the DC grid. A novel adaptive restart strategy combined with fault current suppression is proposed, which suitable for full-bridge modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current system. The resistance-capacitance energy transfer branch is used to achieve a large reduction and rapid attenuation of the fault current amplitude at restart time. The transient fault and permanent fault can be discriminated in a short interval after restarting based on the frequency domain amplitude characteristics. The proposed scheme has both restart-current protection and fault property identification functions, overcoming the high cost and low component reusability of traditional single-function fault current limiting schemes. The simulation results show that the scheme has a significant fault current suppression effect and accurately discriminates the fault property to realize rapid recovery.
Racial slurs and perception of racism inHeart of Darkness
Authors: Mastropierro Lorenzo , Conklin Kathy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the racial slursniggerandnegroinHeart of Darknesson readers’ perception of dehumanisation, discrimination, and racism. It compares data collected through online questionnaires to test whether the absence or different frequencies of the slurs influence how participants perceive the fictional representation of the African people in the text. Three versions of the same questionnaire are used: one with unmodified passages fromHeart of Darkness, one with the same passages but without the racial slurs, and one with the same passages but with more slurs than in the original. Findings show that the absence or overabundance of slurs compared to the original does not alter reader perception of dehumanisation, discrimination, and racism. By comparing the results, this paper makes two interconnected contributions. First, it contributes to the critical discussion about racism in Conrad’s novel, by providing evidence on whether the representation of the Africans is perceived as dehumanising, discriminatory, and racist by readers. Second, it offers an empirical perspective on the usefulness of the “sanitising” (removing or substituting of all racial slurs) of literary texts with potential racist implications, adopted by some publishing houses and applied to novels like Conrad’sThe Nigger of the “Narcissus”and Mark Twain’sThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
The event semantics of conjuncts in ‘The Sun Also Rises’
Authors: Trklja Aleksandar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present paper explores the semantics of Hemingway’s ‘plain style’ inThe Sun Also Risesby combining corpus linguistic methodology with event semantics theory. The focus of the study is on how the narrator of the novel segments experienced situations in terms of semantic events. Corpus linguistic analysis shows that the ‘plain style’ of the narrative section of the novel is realized by means of coordinated clauses and that the narrator’s event segmentation is associated with a small set of preferred lexical items. These results are interpreted in terms of event semantics to show that preferred lexical items are indicative of event types typical of the narrative section.The semantic analysis of relations between coordinated clauses indicates that these relations are not simply about the juxtaposition of disjoined events. Finally, the study demonstrates that an approach combining corpus linguistic methodology with insights from event semantics can offer new understanding of the propositional meaning of literary texts, and the way narrators encode experienced situations.
Prevalence and MRI findings of incidentally detected pituitary non-enhancing lesion on brain MRI in children
Authors: Yoo Hae Won , Kim Jeong Rye , Yu Jee Suk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence and MRI findings of incidentally detected pituitary nonenhancing lesion on brain MRI in children, and to compare the detection rates of pituitary nonenhancing lesion according to magnetic field strength and acquisition technique.

Methods
Pediatric patients (≤18 years old) who underwent brain MRI with contrast-enhancement between January 2018 and September 2019 were retrospectively included (n=365). The presence, size, and signal intensity of pituitary nonenhancing lesions were assessed by two radiologists. The prevalence of pituitary nonenhancing lesions was compared between different magnetic field strengths and MRI acquisition techniques.

Results
Pituitary nonenhancing lesions were identified in 76 patients (20.8%). The anteroposterior diameter of pituitary nonenhancing lesion was the smallest diameter in most patients (93.4%; mean diameter ± SD of 2.4 ± 1.5 mm; range: 0.9–9.0 mm). Sixty-seven percent of the pituitary nonenhancing lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted imaging, 44.1% were hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging, and 12.9% showed low signal intensity on susceptibility-weighted imaging. There was no diffusion restriction in any of the nonenhancing lesions. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of pituitary nonenhancing lesions according to magnetic field strength, age, gender, slice thickness, or 2D vs. 3D contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging sequence.

Conclusions
Pituitary nonenhancing lesions were identified on contrast-enhanced brain MRI in 20.8% of pediatric patients, with no significant difference in the prevalence according to magnetic field strength, slice thickness, and 2D or 3D contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging.
Clinical characteristics and molecular genetic analysis of a cohort with idiopathic congenital hypogonadism
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ayberk , Cayir Atilla , Yarali Oguzhan , Kurnaz Erdal , Kartal Baykan Emine , Arslan Ates Esra , Demirbilek Huseyin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Hypogonadism is defined as inadequate sex hormone production due to defects in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In recent years, rare single gene defects have been identified in both hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (Hh), and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) cases with no chromosomal anomalies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the underlying molecular genetic etiology and the genotype-phenotype relationship of a series of patients with Hh and HH.

Methods
In total, 27 HH and six Hh cases were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory features are extracted from patients’ hospital files. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis was performed.

Results
A total of 27 HH cases (15 female) (mean age: 15.8 ± 2.7 years) and six Hh patients (six females) (mean age: 14.9 ± 1.2 years) were included. In molecular genetic analysis, a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant was identified in five (two patients from the same family) of 27 HH cases (two novel) and three of the six Hh. In HH group variants (pathogenic, likely pathogenic and variant of uncertain significance) were identified in KISS1R (n=2), PROK2 (n=1), FGFR1 (n=1), HS6ST1 (n=1), GNRH1 (n=1) genes. In the Hh group, splice-site mutations were detected in DCAF17 (n=1) and MCM9 (n=2) genes.

Conclusions
HH and Hh cases are genetically heterogeneous diseases due to oligogenic inheritance, incomplete penetrance, and variable expressivity. We found rare variants in CHH related genes in half of our HH cases, whereas they classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic according to ACMG criteria in only about 15% of HH cases. Using advanced genetic analysis methods such as whole-genome sequencing and long-read sequencing may increase the mutation detection rate, which should always be associated with and expert genetic counseling to interpret the data.
Levels of physical activity and barriers to sport participation in young people with gender dysphoria
Authors: Gilani Misha , Wallach Peri , Kyriakou Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the levels of physical activity (PA) in young people with gender dysphoria (GD) and help identify factors which deter participation.

Methods
Fifty-six young people who attended paediatric endocrinology because of GD, June to October 2019, and were on treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue were approached to participate in a survey.

Results
A total of 55 young people (98%) responded to the survey. Thirty-eight (69%) participated in PA for >1 h/week. Thirty-two (58%) reported high motivation level for exercise. Those had median age of 15.9 years (10.7, 18.7) at the time of survey, and 13.6 years (9.7, 17.6) at start of GnRH analogue compared to 16.7 years (13.9, 18.5) (p, 0.047) and 15.4 years (11.2, 18.0) (p, 0.009) of the 23 (42%) who reported low motivation. Forty-one (74.5%) reported barriers when accessing PA, such as not being as good as others (75%), revealing sports clothing (73%) and not satisfied with body image (47%). Those were older (16.4 years [10.9, 18.7] vs. 14.7 years [10.7, 18.4] [p, 0.011]) at the time of survey and at start of GnRH analogue (14.9 years [9.7, 18.0] vs. 12.5 years [10.6, 15.2] [p, 0.0001]) than those 14 (25.5%) who reported facing no barriers. Twelve (85.7%) of those reporting no barriers stated high motivation levels compared to 20 (48.8%) of those reporting barriers (p, 0.026).

Conclusions
Strategies aimed at improving participation are twofold: first to improve motivation, especially in post-pubertal young people, and secondly to achieve societal change to help eliminate barriers.
Linguistic diversity and inclusion in Abu Dhabi’s linguistic landscape during the COVID-19 period
Authors: Hopkyns Sarah , van den Hoven Melanie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Abu Dhabi, multilingualism amongst its highly diverse population is typical. However, with Arabic as the official language and English as the lingua franca, the population’s other languages are subordinate on public signage. Those proficient in English or Arabic have more access to information than those who are not. While effective communication is important in ordinary times, it is especially vital during a crisis. This study looks at COVID-19 signage in two Abu Dhabi live-work contexts: A beachside community and an industrial site. The study takes an ethnographic approach to linguistic landscaping in which a corpus of 326 top-down and bottom-up signs are investigated in terms of languages used, spacing, prominence and location, as well as intended audience and sociolinguistic implications. Key findings revealed that bottom-up handmade COVID-19 signage was mainly monolingual (English only) and municipality-produced warnings were predominately bilingual (Arabic and English). Despite the multilingual composition of both contexts, only one third language (Korean) appeared on COVID-19 signage. The findings shed light on existing inequalities in linguistically diverse contexts, and the need to ensure access to information for all at a street level. The article concludes with practical suggestions for greater linguistic inclusion in the COVID-19 period and beyond.
Globality and Entangled Security: Rethinking the Post-1945 Order
Authors: Adamson Fiona B. , Greenhill Kelly M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this essay we argue for the utility of moving from a “national” to an “entangled global” perspective on security. Focusing on the post-1945 international context, we discuss how the concept of “globality” can inform and reframe our understanding of transnational security dynamics and help move us beyond traditional state-centric frameworks. Such a move enables a better understanding of historical events and contemporary security dynamics than classical “national security” frameworks alone. After outlining the rationale behind our call for expanding the aperture in the study of security, we theorize security entanglement as a particularly important form of globality with its own internal dynamics and show how the entanglement framework allows us to rethink the post-1945 security environment and events within it. We then focus on three illustrative forms of security entanglement that have been underexplored in security studies: the global nature of the Cold War; dynamics of decolonization and its legacies; and the relationship between migration and security. We conclude by discussing the implications of security entanglement for future visions of world security.
Increase in the antioxidant content in biscuits by infusions or Prosopis chilensis pod flour
Authors: Conforti Paula Andrea , Patrignani Mariela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nowadays there is an increasing demand for healthy biscuits. The reduction in sugar and fat level, as well as the addition of bioactive compounds, is positively associated with a healthy diet. In the present work, low-fat and low-sugar biscuits were prepared with infusions (mate, coffee, and tea) or with Prosopis chilensis pod flour (PPF). Biscuits were made with maize starch and wheat flour (gluten formulations) or with gluten-free ingredients (gluten-free). The colour, texture, and the antioxidant capacity were evaluated in dough and biscuits. Among the formulations prepared with infusions, the mate dough showed the lowest firmness (1.1 N (gluten)-24.3 N (gluten-free)). However, no significant differences were found in the fracture stress of the final products (P > 0.05). Mate gluten biscuits and PPF gluten-free biscuits showed the highest fracture strain (16.2 and 9.4%, respectively) and the lowest Young’s modulus (7.3 and 13.3 MPa, respectively) in their groups. The highest antioxidant activity was found in biscuits with mate (8.7 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten)-4.3 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten-free)). These values were three times higher than the ones found in the control biscuits (2.9 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten)-3.9 µmol FeSO4/g (gluten-free)). The present results showed that the antioxidant content in biscuits could be successfully increased with infusion addition.
Effect of light spectrum on growth, development, and mineral contents of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Degni Banah Florent , Haba Cissé Théodore , Dibi Wilfried Gauthier , Soro Doudjo , Zoueu Jérémie Thouakesseh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Influence of the light spectrum on growth, development, and nutrients contents of okra was studied by growing okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under three different LED-based irradiations defined by their peak wavelength at 455.45 ± 1.80 nm (B455), 522.27 ± 1.46 nm (G522), and 635.03 ± 1.33 nm (R635), respectively in the blue, green, and red regions of the visible spectrum. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 μmol m−2 s−1 was provided by the LEDs for 18 h daily. Leaves macronutrients and micronutrients concentration and plant biometric parameters were measured 60 days after sowing; the evolution of biometric parameters was also monitored during the growing period. Results related to biometric parameters have shown that highest leaf area, plant height, and fresh and dry weight were achieved under B455 light; both R635 and G522 lights produce the highest quantity of leaves; and largest stem diameters were observed under B455 and G522 lights. Regarding mineral contents, highest calcium, phosphorus, and manganese concentrations were obtained under R635 light; highest sodium content was observed under G522 light; and the highest nitrogen content was obtained under both B455 and G522 lights. However, there were no significant differences observed for potassium, magnesium, and zinc concentrations among the three light treatments. These results revealed that selective spectrum in artificial lighting design can be strategically used to optimize the plant growth, development, and mineral contents uptake under controlled environments.
Andronovo Problem: Studies of Cultural Genesis in the Eurasian Bronze Age
Authors: Grigoriev Stanislav 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Andronovo culture is the largest Eurasian formation in the Bronze Age, and it had a significant impact on neighboring regions. It is the important culture for understanding many historical processes, in particular, the origins and migration of Indo-Europeans. However, in most works there is a very simplified understanding of the scientific problems associated with this culture. The history of its study is full of opposing opinions, and all these opinions were based on reliable grounds. For a long time, the existence of the Andronovo problem was caused by the fact that researchers supposed they might explain general processes by local situations. In fact, the term “Andronovo culture” is incorrect. Another term “Andronovo cultural-historical commonality” also has no signs of scientific terminology. Under these terms a large number of cultures are combined, many of which were not related to each other. In the most simplified form, they can be combined into two blocks that existed during the Bronze Age: the steppe (Sintashta, Petrovka, Alakul, Sargari) and the forest-steppe (Fyodorovka, Cherkaskul, Mezhovka). Often these cultures are placed in vertical lines with genetic continuity. However, the problems of their chronology and interaction are very complicated. By Andronovo cultures we may understand only Fyodorovka and Alakul cultures (except for its early stage); however, it is better to avoid the use of this term.
Polyurethane modified epoxy vitrimer and its stress relaxation behavior
Authors: Lian Weiqiang , Han Huipeng , Zhang Xiaoxin , Peng Guirong , Jia Zhaojing , Zhang Zhenlin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Anhydride cured epoxy vitrimers usually exhibit desired mechanical strength but poor toughness and slow transesterification rate. Therefore, the repairing property of the material was restricted. In this paper, polyurethane modified epoxy vitrimer (PU-Epv) was prepared. PU was introduced into the vitrimer system of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride cured epoxy to improve the toughness of the material. Meanwhile, because of the presence of amino ester, the transesterification reaction was promoted and the activation energy of the transesterification was only 33.59 kJ/mol. In the thermal welding experiment, the material could be welded at least five times, and scratches on the surface of the samples could be efficiently repaired within 30 min. The toughness of the material was improved without damaging the strength. Meanwhile, the hard thermosetting epoxy was endowed with excellent repairing properties to increase the service life of the material.
Enhancing performances of hemp fiber/natural rubber composites via polyhydric hyperbranched polyester
Authors: Shen Zong , Song Weihua , Li Xiaolong , Yang Le , Wang Chaoyu , Hao Zhi , Luo Zhu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High-performance rubber composites can be obtained by combining the strength of fiber with the high elasticity of rubber. In this article, environmentally friendly natural rubber (NR)/carbon (CB) composites reinforced by maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted hemp fiber (HF) in the presence of polyhydric hyper-branched polyester (PHP) were studied. The grafting of MAH on the surface of HF (HF-MAH) improves the roughness of fibers, the introduced C=C participates in rubber covulcanization with NR matrix at high temperature, thus enhancing the physical locking and chemical crosslinking between HF and NR matrix. The bridge effect was produced between HF-MAH and rubber matrix by PHP, and the interfacial adhesion was further enhanced. As a result, the tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break were improved by approximately 14.5, 26.2, and 10.8%, respectively. The 100 and 300% constant elongation stress was increased by 134 and 113%, and the cutting resistance was also improved obviously.