bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World corn market: analysis, trends and prospects of its deep processing
Authors: Tanklevska Natalia , Petrenko Viktoriia , Karnaushenko Alla , Melnykova Kateryna 
Published: January 2021

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects of deep processing of corn in Ukraine, taking into account the restraining factors of development, on the basis of the analysis of the state and tendencies of functioning of the world market of corn.
Methodology / approach. During the research, general scientific and special research methods were used, in particular: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction – in determining the purpose and formulating conclusions; comparative, calculation, statistical and graphical ones – in the assessment, analysis, comparison and establishment of patterns of the current state and trends in the production of corn and its deep processing; program-target one – to substantiate the factors of intensification of deep processing of corn in Ukraine.
Results. The analysis was carried out and tendencies of world corn production were determined. The shares of countries-producers and countries-consumers of corn were calculated; their dynamics of changes were analyzed. Analysis of the dynamics of prices for corn grain on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange indicates that the price of raw materials is gradually declining, so agricultural enterprises that sell corn as a raw material, lose income from its production. The structure of corn use in different directions in the world was analyzed, and the structure of its use in the USA was considered in more detail. Factors of activation of deep processing of corn were identified. In Ukraine, deep grain processing as an industry is just beginning to develop, so it is worth processing corn, based on the experience of leading countries, such as the USA and China. Estimated costs for the construction of a modern plant for deep processing of corn and income from the implementation of this investment project were calculated.
Originality/scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the world corn market; economic substantiation of expediency of corn processing in Ukraine; improving the system of factors to intensify the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine.
Practical value / implications. The practical value of the results of the study is that they will contribute to the formation of the concept of intensifying the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. The main results can be used by agro-industrial enterprises during the development of deep corn processing projects.
De wettelijke bedenktijd in het licht van een goede corporate governance
Authors: Niederer N.D. 
Published: January 2021

De wettelijke bedenktijd in het licht van een goede corporate governance
Dit artikel bespreekt het spanningsveld tussen de wettelijke bedenktijd en het systeem van corporate governance in het Nederlandse vennootschapsrecht. Teneinde beursvennootschappen aanvullende bescherming te bieden bij een rechtstreeks vijandig overnamebod doet de auteur een voorstel om de reikwijdte van de responstijd uit te breiden.
Implications of Denmark’s Water Price Reform for Riverine and Coastal Surface Water Quality
Authors: Pizzol Massimo , Molinos-Senante Maria , Thodsen Hans , Andersen Mikael 
Published: January 2021

Article 9 of the EU’s Water Framework Directive suggests that Member States should provide “adequate incentives” for efficient use of water resources. Although the Directive is mainly about protecting the ecological quality of water bodies, control of quantity serves as an “ancillary element” in delivering on the objectives. Despite their financial difficulties, Member States have been slow to bring their policies on water pricing up to the wording and 2010 deadline of the Directive’s article 9.
This Article explores the significance of water pricing reform for the ecological quality objectives for surface waters and, as a stepping stone in this analysis, for water resource efficiency. It does so with a catchment-based analysis of implications from water pricing reform introduced in the early 1990s in Denmark. Household water use is found to have been 50% higher per capita before the reform, which introduced full-costpricing and a water supply tax.
Good data availability for the catchment allows the analysis to demonstrate estimates for the improvements in water flows as well as for a specific water quality parameter. Despite the significant reduction in water demand, the main river is affected only at the margin. For smaller streams and brooks, however, there are more notable impacts for water quality and with potential benefits for rare species dependent on clean waters. A small reduction in emission loadings to coastal waters has comparatively high economic value. The Article finds that water pricing has an important role to play for future management.
Âges de vie, genre et temporalités.
Réflexions historiques et sociologiques
Authors: Charles Aline , Charton Laurence 
Published: January 2021

Cadre de la recherche: Longtemps menées
en parallèle, les études sur les âges de vie et sur le genre convergent
davantage depuis quelques années, mais laissent encore de vastes territoires à
découvert. Certaines analyses traitent encore le sexe comme une simple variable
qui n’exige pas de problématisation. D’autres, perdent encore de vue le fait que
grandir et vieillir génèrent des catégories et des
trajectoires qui sont le résultat d’interactions de sexe et
d’âge. L’arrimage entre genre et âge reste
ainsi encore à être resserré.
Objectifs: L’article introductif du
numéro « Âges de vie, genre et temporalités sociales » propose d’explorer les
interactions entre rapports d’âge et de genre en examinant les constructions
sexuées des âges et les trajectoires de vie structurées par le genre.
Méthodologie: Sont recensées dans cet
article des études de sociologues et d’historien.ne.s explorant les arrimages
genre/âge.
Résultats: Les articles présentés
contribuent à montrer à quel point les rapports de genre et d’âge s’imbriquent
et interagissent dans l’élaboration des inégalités sociales durant toute la vie
des individus. Ils participent également à remettre en question la hiérarchie
sociale qui se fonderait « mécaniquement » sur le genre et certains marqueurs
liés à l’âge.
Conclusions: L’analyse conjointe des
rapports de genre et d’âge progresse, mais lentement et demeure encore dans
l’angle mort des perspectives intersectionnelles. Si les recherches actuelles
reconnaissent désormais le genre et l’âge comme des systèmes qui interagissent
constamment, elles abordent encore trop rarement les rapports de pouvoir et les
inégalités cumulatives qu’ils génèrent.
Contribution: Cet article introductif
ouvre de nouvelles perspectives de recherches, tant au regard des processus
genrés favorisant le développement de caractéristiques physiques sexuées, que
des codes sociaux dominants qui façonnent les expériences et temporalités
hétéronormatives.
Exogenous melatonin improves growth in hulless barley seedlings under cold stress by influencing the expression rhythms of circadian clock genes
Authors: Chang Tianliang , Zhao Yi , He Hongyan , Xi Qianqian , Fu Jiayi , Zhao Yuwei 
Published: January 2021

Background
Melatonin is a hormone substance that exists in various living organisms. Since it was discovered in the pineal gland of cattle in 1956, the function of melatonin in animals has been roughly clarified. Nevertheless, in plants, the research on melatonin is still insufficient. Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum hook. f.) is a crop that originates from cultivated barley in the east, usually grown on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, becoming the most important food crop in this area. Although the genome and transcriptome research of highland barley has gradually increased recently years, there are still many problems about how hulless barley adapts to the cold climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Methods
In this study, we set three temperature conditions 25°C, 15°C, 5°C hulless barley seedlings, and at the same time soaked the hulless barley seeds with a 1 µM melatonin solution for 12 hours before the hulless barley seeds germinated. Afterwards, the growth and physiological indicators of hulless barley seedlings under different treatment conditions were determined. Meanwhile, the qRT-PCR method was used to determine the transcription level of the hulless barley circadian clock genes under different treatment conditions under continuous light conditions.

Results
The results showed the possible mechanism by which melatonin pretreatment can promote the growth of hulless barley under cold stress conditions by studying the effect of melatonin on the rhythm of the circadian clock system and some physiological indicators. The results revealed that the application of 1 µM melatonin could alleviate the growth inhibition of hulless barley seedlings caused by cold stress. In addition, exogenous melatonin could also restore the circadian rhythmic oscillation of circadian clock genes, such as HvCCA1 and HvTOC1, whose circadian rhythmic phenotypes were lost due to environmental cold stress. Additionally, the results confirmed that exogenous melatonin even reduced the accumulation of key physiological indicators under cold stress, including malondialdehyde and soluble sugars.

Discussion
Overall, these findings revealed an important mechanism that exogenous melatonin alleviated the inhibition of plant vegetative growths either by restoring the disrupted circadian rhythmic expression oscillations of clock genes, or by regulating the accumulation profiles of pivotal physiological indicators under cold stress.
Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23 metabolites protect against protozoan grazing by the predator Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Ghergab Akrm , Selin Carrie , Tanner Jennifer , Brassinga Ann Karen , Dekievit Teresa 
Published: January 2021

Background
Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain PA23 is a biocontrol agent that is able to protect canola against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This bacterium secretes a number of metabolites that contribute to fungal antagonism, including pyrrolnitrin (PRN), phenazine (PHZ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and degradative enzymes. In order to be successful, a biocontrol agent must be able to persist in the environment and avoid the threat of grazing predators. The focus of the current study was to investigate whether PA23 is able to resist grazing by the protozoan predator Acanthamoeba castellanii (Ac) and to define the role of bacterial metabolites in the PA23-Ac interaction.

Methods
Ac was co-cultured with PA23 WT and a panel of derivative strains for a period of 15 days, and bacteria and amoebae were enumerated on days 1, 5, 10 and 15. Ac was subsequently incubated in the presence of purified PRN, PHZ, and KCN and viability was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Chemotactic assays were conducted to assess whether PA23 compounds exhibit repellent or attractant properties towards Ac. Finally, PA23 grown in the presence and absence of amoebae was subject to phenotypic characterization and gene expression analyses.

Results
PRN, PHZ and HCN were found to contribute to PA23 toxicity towards Ac trophozoites, either by killing or inducing cyst formation. This is the first report of PHZ-mediated toxicity towards amoebae. In chemotaxis assays, amoebae preferentially migrated towards regulatory mutants devoid of extracellular metabolite production as well as a PRN mutant, indicating this antibiotic has repellent properties. Co-culturing of bacteria with amoebae led to elevated expression of the PA23 phzI/phzR quorum-sensing (QS) genes and phzA and prnA, which are under QS control. PHZ and PRN levels were similarly increased in Ac co-cultures, suggesting that PA23 can respond to predator cues and upregulate expression of toxins accordingly.

Conclusions
PA23 compounds including PRN, PHZ and HCN exhibited both toxic and repellent effects on Ac. Co-culturing of bacteria and amoebae lead to changes in bacterial gene expression and secondary metabolite production, suggesting that PA23 can sense the presence of these would-be predators and adjust its physiology in response.
Predictive Value of First Trimester Measurement of Adiponectin and 1,5 Anhydroglucitol in Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Salem Merhan M. , El-Sokary Amal A. , Hazzaa Sahar M. , El-Gharib Mohamed N. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) defined as glucose intolerance, which is first detected during pregnancy. Adiponectin is a protein that secreted from both adipose tissue & placenta in pregnancy. 1,5 anhydroglucitol in a steady-state normally and almost completely reabsorbed in renal tubules. Serum levels decreased in periods of hyperglycemia due to increased urinary excretion. The objective of this study is to predict gestational diabetes by measuring serum adiponectin, and 1, 5 anhydroglucitol during the first trimester.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 50 patients who attended inpatient and outpatient clinics Obstetrics & Gynecology Department. The study population grouped in two groups, Group A and B. Each group was comprised of 25 cases. Group I (25 cases): with high risk for gestational diabetes. Group II (25 cases): with no risk locates for developing gestational diabetes. Serum glucose level and adiponectin 1,5 anhydroglucitol was measured by ELISA method in the first trimester.
Results: The mean levels of the Adiponectin (μg/ml) and the 1,5 AG were significantly lower in GDM women (5.2 ± 2.1μg/mL,) and (6.8 ± 5.7μg/mL,) respectively compared to women without GDM (7.8 ± 2.4μg/mL) and (9.8 ± 4.2μg/mL) respectively (p = 0.001). The correlation between Adiponectin and BMI >30KG/M2, Fasting plasma glucose in the study group I with a significant correlation between in the first trimester. ROC curve of 1,5 AG was conducted for developing gestational diabetes. Excellent AUC was found (AUC = 0.907, p<0.001). At the cut off value of 17.55, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 80%, PPV was 88.3%, NPV was 87%, and accuracy was 90%. ROC curve of Adiponectin for developing gestational. Good AUC was found (AUC = 0.881, p<0.001). At the cut off value of 17.3, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 66.7%, PPV was 83.2%, NPV was 80%, and accuracy was 94%.
Conclusion: 1,5 AG and Adiponectin levels are lower in pregnant women with GDM compared to individuals without GDM. 1,5 AG and adiponectin are a good tool for monitoring the glucose profile in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, especially for the hyperglycemic episodes.
Trade, Hellenistic
Authors: Gerardin François 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe conquest of the Persian Empire by Alexander the Great and the subsequent creation of Hellenistic monarchies demarcates trade in the Hellenistic era (323–30bce) from previous patterns of commercial exchange. The legal institutions brought by the conquest, from coinage to contract law, modified the conditions of exchange for high‐value commodities, while local people mostly kept performing their daily transactions outside this legal and monetary framework. The foundation of new capital cities at Alexandria or Antioch increased the demand for grain, slaves, and luxury products, while trade connections with India and the east intensified.
Efficient and Stable Perovskite‐Based Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kim Ju‐Hyeon , Seo Sehun , Lee Jong‐Hoon , Choi Hojoong , Kim Seungkyu , Piao Guangxia , Kim Yong Ryun , Park Byoungwook , Lee Jongmin , Jung Yoonsung , Park Hyungwoong , Lee Sanghan , Lee Kwanghee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough organometal halide perovskites (OHPs) have desirable photovoltaic properties, their photoelectrochemical (PEC) water‐splitting application for hydrogen production is limited by the instability originating from their intrinsic ionic defects and hygroscopic vulnerability. Herein, a highly efficient and stable OHP‐based photocathode achieved by a new zwitterion (L‐proline) passivation and a eutectic gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) encapsulation method is described. The zwitterion, which has both cations and anions, can simultaneously passivate both positively and negatively charged defects in OHPs. The resulting OHP photovoltaic cells with passivated shows an over 20% power conversion efficiency with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.13 V and a short‐circuit current of 22.13 mA cm−2. The EGaIn‐incorporated Ti foil provides complete encapsulation from the external environment while maintaining good transport of photogenerated charges from OHPs. Thus, these photocathodes exhibit a remarkable average photocurrent density of 21.2 mA cm−2 which has less than 5% current loss between PV cells and PEC cells. More admirably, the photocathode has the highest stability over 54 hours under continuous full sunlight illumination in a sulfuric acid electrolyte.
Long‐Lasting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Porous Redox Mediator‐Potentiated Nanoreactor for Effective Tumor Therapy
Authors: Ding Tao , Wang Zhenqiang , Xia Daqing , Zhu Jing , Huang Jixi , Xing Yuxin , Wang Shuai , Chen Yuhua , Zhang Jixi , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe therapeutic efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐based nanotherapeutics is restrained by the rigorous production conditions of relatively sufficient and kinetically matching supply of intracellular substrates. The cumulative disruption of redox homeostasis and consequent pathology (e.g., Parkinson's disease) with low levels of substrates in living organisms may provide a promising model for ROS‐based therapy. Herein, a catechol chemistry‐mediated ternary nanostructure is prepared for long‐lasting generation of oxidative •OH in weakly acidic, low H2O2 homeostasis conditions of tumor. This platform employs mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) as the porous redox mediator, while PDA‐induced sequential precipitation and biomineralization lead to hydroxy iron oxide (FeOOH) as the “iron reservoir,” and calcium phosphate (CaP) as the pH‐sensitive sheddable shell. In weakly acidic conditions, the CaP layer can be degraded to expose the catalytic surface of Fe‐dopamine interplay, where FeOOH dissolution, Fe(III) chelation, Fe(III) reduction, Fe(II) release take place sequentially and continuously for Fe(II) recycling and Fenton catalysis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies verify the significant inhibition of cancer cells and tumor regression, which can also be strengthened by the local photothermal heating. This work establishes the first paradigm of pathologically inspired nanohybrids of ROS generators with long‐lasting efficacy for cancer therapy.
A Biologically Muscle‐Inspired Polyurethane with Super‐Tough, Thermal Reparable and Self‐Healing Capabilities for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Ying Wu Bin , Wang Guyue , Kong Zhengyang , Yao Chen Kai , Wang Yubin , Hu Han , Li Fenglong , Chen Chao , Tian Ying , Zhang Jiawei , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhu Jin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolymeric elastomers play an increasingly important role in the development of stretchable electronics. A highly demanded elastic matrix is preferred to own not only excellent mechanical properties, but also additional features like high toughness and fast self‐healing. Here, a polyurethane (DA‐PU) is synthesized with donor and acceptor groups alternately distributed along the main chain to achieve both intra‐chain and inter‐chain donor‐acceptor self‐assembly, which endow the polyurethane with toughness, self‐healing, and, more interestingly, thermal repair, like human muscle. In detail, DA‐PU exhibits an amazing mechanical performance with elongation at break of 1900% and toughness of 175.9 MJ m−3. Moreover, it shows remarkable anti‐fatigue and anti‐stress relaxation properties as manifested by cyclic tensile and stress relaxation tests, respectively. Even in case of large strain deformation or long‐time stretch, it can almost completely restore to original length by thermal repair at 60 °C in 60 s. The self‐healing speed of DA‐PU is gradually enhanced with the increasing temperature, and can be 1.0–6.15 µm min−1 from 60 to 80 °C. At last, a stretchable and self‐healable capacitive sensor is constructed and evaluated to prove that DA‐PU matrix can ensure the stability of electronics even after critical deformation and cut off.
Bioinspired Spiky Peroxidase‐Mimics for Localized Bacterial Capture and Synergistic Catalytic Sterilization
Authors: Yang Ye , Wu Xizheng , Ma Lang , He Chao , Cao Sujiao , Long Yanping , Huang Jianbo , Rodriguez Raul D. , Cheng Chong , Zhao Changsheng , Qiu Li 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBesides the pandemic caused by the coronavirus outbreak, many other pathogenic microbes also pose a devastating threat to human health, for instance, pathogenic bacteria. Due to the lack of broad‐spectrum antibiotics, it is urgent to develop nonantibiotic strategies to fight bacteria. Herein, inspired by the localized “capture and killing” action of bacteriophages, a virus‐like peroxidase‐mimic (V‐POD‐M) is synthesized for efficient bacterial capture (mesoporous spiky structures) and synergistic catalytic sterilization (metal–organic‐framework‐derived catalytic core). Experimental and theoretical calculations show that the active compound, MoO3, can serve as a peroxo‐complex‐intermediate to reduce the free energy for catalyzing H2O2, which mainly benefits the generation of •OH radicals. The unique virus‐like spikes endow the V‐POD‐M with fast bacterial capture and killing abilities (nearly 100% at 16 µg mL–1). Furthermore, the in vivo experiments show that V‐POD‐M possesses similar disinfection treatment and wound skin recovery efficiencies to vancomycin. It is suggested that this inexpensive, durable, and highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalytic active V‐POD‐M provides a promising broad‐spectrum therapy for nonantibiotic disinfection.
Type‐II AsP/As van der Waals Heterostructures: Tunable Anisotropic Electronic Structures and Optical Properties
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zeng Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstractvan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, formed by stacking layered materials, have great potential for next‐generation nanoelectronics and optoelectronics with unique flexibility and high performance. Using density functional theory, it is demonstrated that all AA‐ and AB‐AsP/As heterostructures are semiconductors with intrinsic type‐II band alignments, facilitating the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The anisotropic electronic structures of the puckered AsP/As vdW heterostructures can be effectively modulated by applying tensile strains. The bandgaps exhibit nonmonotonic variations and monotonic changes with the strains exerted along x and y direction, respectively, both experiencing an indirect‐to‐direct bandgap transition. The external electric field gives rise to significant modulation on the bandgaps of the AsP/As vdW heterostructures. Specifically, the buckled AsP/As heterostructures can be changed from indirect to direct semiconductors with a small positive electric field from 0.3 to 0.6 V Å−1, which cannot be achieved under tensile strains. In addition, AsP/As vdW heterostructures exhibit excellent anisotropic light‐harvesting performances in visible light and ultraviolet regions and can be efficiently tuned by external strains, suggesting the potential applications in photovoltaics. The tunable anisotropic electronic and optical properties of the AsP/As vdW heterostructures may facilitate their practical applications for nanoelectronic devices and photovoltaics.