bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An easy‐to‐use and general nuclear magnetic resonance method for the determination of partition coefficients of drugs and natural products
Authors: Barthel Cédric , Massiot Georges , Lavaud Catherine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe lipophilicity of a drug is an important parameter for its eventual development by the pharmaceutical industry. It is usually measured by HPLC following partition of the compound between water and 1‐octanol. We present here an alternative, simple, sensitive and quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for the experimental measurement of partition coefficients of natural compounds and pharmaceutical drugs. It is based on measuring concentrations in the water phase, before and after partitioning and equilibration between water and octanol, using the ERETIC (Electronic Reference To Access In Vivo Concentration) technique. The signal to noise ratio is improved by a Water Suppression by Excitation Sculpting sequence. Quantification is based on an electronic reference signal and does not need addition of a reference compound. The log P values of 22 natural metabolites and four pharmaceutical drugs were determined and the experimental results are in excellent agreement with literature data. The experiments were run on ~2 mg material. This technique proved to be robust, reproducible and suitable for log P values between −2 and +2.
Structural determination of four manufacturing impurities of D&C Red No. 33
Authors: Mazzola Eugene P. , Weisz Adrian , Ridge Douglas P. , Donnelly Sarah E. , Zhang Hanwen , Gonzalez Raquel M. , Ackerman Luke K. , Reese Kristen L. , Ridge Clark D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFour manufacturing impurities of D&C Red No. 33 isolated by counter‐current chromatography were analyzed by NMR and ESI mass spectrometry. Three of these impurities were reported previously with minimal details of structural determination. All four are structurally related to the main component of the dye. The fourth exhibited an unusual discrepancy between the NMR structure and its chemical formula suggested by ESI‐MS results. Structural determination and assignment of the main component and four impurities are discussed as well as resolution of the discrepancy between the NMR and ESI‐MS results of the fourth impurity.
Disposed young: Nonadult element representation and bone positioning in complex mortuary programmes in Chalcolithic Cyprus
Authors: Lorentz Kirsi O. , Casa Bianca , Miyauchi Yuko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNonadult inhumations have the potential to give insights into the attitudes of past societies toward age. Adult individuals have been afforded complex mortuary programs in Chalcolithic cemeteries in western Cyprus. This study explores what mortuary practices applied to nonadult individuals at Souskiou‐Laona, a Middle Chalcolithic site with complex mortuary programs that include articulated, semi‐articulated, and fully commingled individuals. The latter were organised into elaborate bonestacks enveloping the feet of the latest articulated individuals interred. Ninety‐two archaeologically intact mortuary contexts were excavated at Souskiou‐Laona cemetery, containing 203 individuals (31 articulated skeletons and 172 individuals as commingled and/or semi‐articulated remains). Twenty‐four of these are nonadults. Bone preservation is poor, with high levels of fragmentation and surface erosion. Nonadult remains were analysed for bone element representation using the Bone Representation Index (BRI), and the positioning of nonadult skeletal elements within tombs and in relation to adult remains. Further comparisons were made between nonadults recovered from the cemetery, and nonadults recovered from primary burials in the contemporaneous settlement nearby. BRI results indicate that several nonadults present skeletal elements from all parts of the body, including small and fragile bones. The primary mortuary program afforded to nonadults at Souskiou‐Laona cemetery involved primary inhumation of the body in tombs, intentional disarticulation of skeletal remains after decomposition, and subsequent integration into the bonestack as part of the communal whole. Bone elements of nonadults were incorporated into the bonestacks, not as localized entities. To our knowledge, Souskiou‐Laona is the first Middle Chalcolithic cemetery for which detailed data on commingled bone element positioning have been documented in Cyprus, and the only cemetery for which both nonadult BRI and bone element positioning data is available in the wider region.
Non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Milgrom Sarah A. , Million Lynn , Mandeville Henry , Safwat Akmal , Ermoian Ralph P. , Terezakis Stephanie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNon‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft‐tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) comprise 4% of childhood cancers and consist of numerous histologic subtypes. Prognostic factors associated with poor outcome include high histologic grade, large tumor size, presence of metastases, and unresectability. Complete surgical resection is critical for the best oncologic outcomes and is prioritized in treatment algorithms. The use of radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy is based upon factors such as resectability, histologic grade, tumor size, and stage. North American and European trials are defining a risk‐based approach to NRSTS to limit treatment‐related toxicity and to maximize therapeutic efficacy. In this paper, we summarize the current roles of surgery, RT, and chemotherapy in NRSTS and describe ongoing research that is advancing the care of NRSTS patients.
Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Eaton Bree R. , Claude Line , Indelicato Daniel J. , Vatner Ralph , Yeh Brian , Schwarz Rudolf , Laack Nadia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEwing sarcoma is a rare tumor that requires complex multidisciplinary management. This report describes the general management and standard radiotherapy guidelines in both North America (Children's Oncology Group) and Europe (International Society of Pediatric Oncology). Standard treatment involves multiagent induction chemotherapy followed by local treatment with surgery, definitive radiation, or a combination of surgery and radiation followed by additional chemotherapy and consolidation local treatment to metastatic sites. The data supporting the role of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation and specific radiation therapy guidelines are presented.
A rare manifestation of choriocarcinoma syndrome in a child with primary intracranial germ cell tumor and extracranial metastases: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Keenan Camille , Ramirez Nicole , Elijovich Lucas , Klimo Paul , Bag Asim K. , Acharya Sahaja , Upadhyaya Santhosh A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChoriocarcinoma syndrome is an uncommon, potentially fatal complication of germ cell tumors (GCTs) in adults, but it is not well documented in children. Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) GCTs comprise a rare group of malignancies not usually associated with extra‐CNS metastatic disease. Here, we report the case of a pediatric patient with a suprasellar mixed GCT and pulmonary metastases who presented with intratumoral hemorrhage and stroke. Choriocarcinoma syndrome developed soon after initiating chemotherapy. The primary tumor and pulmonary metastases were successfully treated using a multidisciplinary approach, including neurovascular intervention, chemotherapy, and craniospinal irradiation.
Effect of coupling agent quantity on composite interface structure and properties of fiber metal laminates
Authors: Zhu Wei , Xiao Hong , Wang Jian , Li Xiudong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEpoxy silane coupling agent A‐187 and amine silane coupling agent A‐1387 were used to modify the interface of carbon‐reinforced aluminum laminates (CARE), respectively. The effects of the type and content of coupling agent on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CARE were investigated. Results show that with the increase in the content of two coupling agents, the wettability first increases and then decreases. When the mass fraction of the two coupling agents is 1%, good wetting property is obtained, and the interlaminar shear and flexural strengths of the CARE plate are the best. Compared with epoxy coupling agent A‐187, amine coupling agent A‐1387 had better wettability to aluminum alloy surface and highly contributed to the improvement of interface structure and properties, which then increased the interlaminar shear and flexural strengths by 19.1% and 8.9%, respectively.
Registration of ‘R13‐13997’ soybean cultivar
Authors: Florez‐Palacios L. , Da Silva M. P. , Acuña A. , Wu C. , Rogers D. , Mozzoni L. , Carlin J. F. , Chen P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract‘R13‐13997’ (Reg. no. CV‐539, PI 695314) is an early Maturity Group V (relative maturity 5.4), determinate, conventional soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar developed and released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in 2020. R13‐13997 was evaluated across 62 environments in Arkansas and other southern states and yielded higher than the check cultivars in most test environments. Across the 62 test environments, R13‐13997 yielded on average 4,371 kg ha−1 compared with 4,243 kg ha−1 for the check mean. It has white flowers, tawny pubescence, and tan pod walls at maturity. Seeds of R13‐13997 have yellow cotyledons with dull yellow seed coats and black hila. Seeds average 408 g kg−1 protein and 226 g kg−1 oil, on a dry‐weight basis. R13‐13997 is resistant to stem canker and frogeye leaf spot; moderately susceptible to soybean cyst nematode races 2, 3, and 5 and peanut root‐knot nematode; and susceptible to southern root‐knot nematode. The high yield potential, broad adaptation, and adequate disease resistance package make R13‐13997 an appealing choice for southern soybean growers and breeders.
Rheological, thermal, and electrical characterization polyamide/polypropylene blend composites containing hybrid filler: Boron nitride and reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Seyed Esfahani Seyed Armin , Ghahramani Nikoo , Mehranpour Milad , Nazockdast Hossein 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the microstructural development and its effect on the thermal conductivity of polyamide6 (PA6)/polypropylene (PP) blends containing boron nitride (BN) and reduced graphene oxide (rGo) as hybrid fillers were investigated. Blend samples were prepared using the masterbatch method to localize BN and rGo in the matrix phase (PA6). Dynamic rheological results were consistent with selective localization of the fillers in PA6 as evidenced by nonterminal behavior (3D network) PP/PA‐BN at low frequencies. Compared with the case where the matrix phase (PA6) was only filled with BN particles, thermal conductivity measurements showed that replacing 10% and 15% BN particles with rGo nanoparticles yielded higher thermal conductivity. The hybrid fillers had a synergetic effect on the heat conductive network, forming a more efficient percolating network of BN and rGo in the matrix phase (PA6). A comparison between the BN‐filled PA6 blend and the BN‐rGo‐filled PA6 blend revealed higher thermal conductivity in the PP/PA6‐BN‐rGo sample with co‐continuous morphology than in the PP/PA6‐BN sample with matrix‐disperse morphology.
Evaluation of microbial species inactivation and purification of pond sewage by a custom‐built air surface discharge plasma
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Xu Dehui , Pang Bolun , Wang Sitao , Wang Shuai , Gao Yuting , Peng Sansan , Chen Hailan , Kong Michael G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe presence of the hazardous microbial species in pond sewage is a serious threat to the aquatic environment and human health, and an effective purification method is urgently needed. Here, we reported the evaluation and purification effect of sewage by a custom‐built air surface discharge plasma. Results show that the most sensitive bacterial flora mainly includes Cyanobium, Candidatus, and Proteobacteria, based on inactivation map by the DNA sequence. The inactivation of microbial species by plasma treatment would reach beyond 5‐log reduction and the water turbidity would be effectively improved. Identification of the significance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with scavengers indicates that the purification effect is closely linked to the key agents ONOO− and H2O2. This study would contribute to an in‐depth insight into decontamination and provide a potential alternative for sewage purification.
Childhood asthma and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood: The Busselton Health Study
Authors: Ng Christopher A. C. M. , Knuiman Matthew W. , Murray Kevin , Divitini Mark L. , Musk Arthur W. (Bill) , James Alan L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term childhood asthma studies that investigate adult outcomes other than respiratory morbidity are lacking. This study examines the associations of childhood asthma and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality in adulthood.MethodsA cohort of 4430 school children (aged 17 years) who attended the Busselton Health Study between 1967 and 1983 were analyzed. Self‐reported history of doctor‐diagnosed asthma was determined based on the questionnaire. Subsequent CVD events (hospital admissions or death) up to 2014 were identified using the Western Australia Data Linkage System. Cox regression models were used to investigate the impact of childhood asthma on CVD events and mortality in adulthood. A subgroup of 2153 participants who re‐attended a survey in young adulthood was also analyzed.ResultsA total of 462 (10%) of the cohort had childhood asthma. During follow‐up, 867 participants experienced a CVD event and 22 participants died from CVD. Childhood asthma was not associated with the risk of CVD events in adulthood (HR, 1.12; 95% CI: 0.91–1.39; p = .2833) and this persisted after adjustment for confounders. Childhood asthma was not associated with coronary heart disease events (HR, 0.72; 95% CI: 0.40–1.30; p = .2761), heart failure events (HR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.07–4.13; p = .5604) or CVD mortality (HR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.21–3.89; p = .8987) in adulthood.ConclusionChildhood asthma is not associated with the risk of CVD events and mortality in adulthood.
Mutual Information and Feature Importance Gradient Boosting: Automatic byte n‐gram feature reranking for Android malware detection
Authors: Yousefi‐Azar Mahmood , Varadharajan Vijay , Hamey Len , Chen Shiping 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe fast pace evolving of Android malware demands for highly efficient strategy. That is, for a range of malware types, a malware detection scheme needs to be resilient and with minimum computation performs efficient and precise. In this paper, we propose Mutual Information and Feature Importance Gradient Boosting (MIFIBoost) tool that uses byte n‐gram frequency. MIFIBoost consists of four steps in the model construction phase and two steps in the prediction phase. For training, first, n‐grams of both the classes.dex and AndroidManifest.xml binary files are obtained. Then, MIFIBoost uses Mutual Information (MI) to determine the top most informative items from the entire n‐gram vocabulary. In the third phase, MIFIBoost utilizes the Gradient Boosting algorithm to re‐rank these top n‐grams. For testing, MIFIBoost uses the learned vocabulary of byte n‐grams term‐frequency (tf) to feed into the classifier for prediction. Thus, MIFIBoost does not require reverse engineering. A key insight from this work is that filtering using XGBoost helps us to address the hard problem of detecting obfuscated malware better while having a negligible impact on nonobfuscated malware. We have conducted a wide range of experiments on four different datasets one of which is obfuscated, and MIFIBoost outperforms state‐of‐the‐art tools. MIFIBoost's f1‐score for Drebin, DexShare, and AMD datasets is 99.1%, 98.87%, and 99.62%, respectively, a False Positive Rate of 0.41% using AMD dataset. On average, the False Negative Rate of MIFIBoost is 2.1% for the PRAGuard dataset in which seven different obfuscation techniques are implemented. In addition to fast run‐time performance and resiliency against obfuscated malware, the experiments show that MIFIBoost performs quite efficiently for five zero‐day families with 99.78% AUC.
Deep Reactive Etching of Silica with SF6/H2 Plasma
Authors: Salehi Maryam , Rad Ghasem Amraee , Hafezi Fatemeh , Arman Ali , Bonjakhi Mohsen 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungReaktives Ätzen von Siliziumdioxid mit SF6/H2‐Plasma – Variation der Prozessparameter und mikrostrukturelle UntersuchungenAufgrund des wachsenden industriellen Bedarfs, Materialien im Nano‐ und Mikromaßstab einzusetzen, besteht großes Interesse an der Entwicklung neuer umweltschonender Methoden zur Bereitstellung präziser Siliziumstrukturen von hoher Qualität. In der hier präsentierten Studie gelang es uns mit Hilfe eines eigens für diesen Zweck angefertigten Systems zum reaktiven Tiefenätzen (DRIE), einen p‐Typ‐Silizium‐Wafer bis zu einer Tiefe von ca. 30 Mikrometern zu strukturieren. Bei dieser Kombination aus physikalischen und chemischen Abtragungsmethoden wurde anhand von Variationen der H2‐ und SF6‐Gasflüsse festgestellt, dass die die Abtragerate durch die Steuerung des H2‐Gasflusses während des Ätzprozesses und die damit verbundene Schaffung einer Schutzschicht beeinflusst werden kann. Dementsprechend können mit dem vorgestellten Verfahren auch andere Siliziumstrukturen, einschließlich Schwarzem Silizium, hergestellt werden. Die Strukturen können für den Einsatz in vielfältigen Anwendungen erprobt werden
Strategies to meet sustainability in the ophthalmic industry
Authors: Pérez Xavier , Gertmann Dirk , Kuhr Niels 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungEco Mode für Beschichtungen in der OphthalmikKunststoffgläser sind heutzutage der Standard für alle Arten von Brillen. Während der Herstellung von Rezeptgläsern entstehen dabei bis zu 90% Abfall, und die verwendeten Duroplaste können stofflich nicht recycelt werden. Um die Gesamtenergiebilanz der Brillengläser zu verbessern, können beim vorletzten Herstellungsschritt, dem Vakuumbeschichten, unterschiedliche Maßnahmen ergriffen werden. Verkürzung der Prozesszeit, deutlich erhöhte Kratzfestigkeit, Optimierung der Beschichtungsanlagen, die sinnvolle Auswertung der Beschichtungsdaten und das Recyceln des Beschichtungsmaterials tragen dazu bei, Energie und die damit verbundenen Emissionen und Kosten zu sparen.
Hard Light for Material Inspection, Crystallography, and Much More
Authors: McCarthy Emma 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungHartes Licht für Materialprüfung, Kristallographie und vieles mehr – Anwendungen von UV‐ und weicher Röntgen‐StrahlungDer Artikel stellt vier Anwendungsgebiete für den Einsatz ultravioletten (UV‐) Lichts vor: Die Materialprüfung und ‐charakterisierung, die Plasmaanalyse, die Untersuchung von Sonnenereignissen und die Kristallographie. Es wird gezeigt, wie jede der UV‐Unterkategorien (nahes, mittleres, fernes and extremes UV‐Licht) genutzt werden kann, um verschiedene Daten innerhalb jeder Anwendung zu gewinnen. Die anwendungsspezifischen Technologien werden ebenso angeführt wie die verschiedenen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Wellenlängen‐Unterkategorien innerhalb dieser Anwendungen.
Berberine regulates lipid metabolism via miR‐192 in porcine oocytes matured in vitro
Authors: Dai JiaGe , Huang XiaoMeng , Zhang Chao , Luo XiaoFei , Cao SuYing , Wang JunLi , Liu Bing , Gao JianMing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe berberine (Ber) is an isoquinoline alkaloid compound extracted from Rhizoma coptidis and has the effect that reduces adipose. MicroRNA‐192 (miR‐192) is related to fat metabolism. However, the relevant mechanism of berberine on lipid metabolism during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes remains unclear.ObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which berberine promotes the IVM and lipid metabolism of porcine oocytes via miR‐192.MethodsBer was added to IVM medium of porcine oocytes. MiR‐192 agomir, miR‐192 antagomir and negative control fragment were microinjected into the cytoplasm of oocytes without Ber. Rates of oocyte IVM and embryonic development in each group were observed. The content of lipid droplets in IVM oocytes in each group was analyzed by Nile red staining. Expression levels of miR‐192 and FABP3, SREBF1 and PPARG, were detected by qPCR and western blotting. The target genes of miR‐192 were determined by luciferase reporter assays.Results and ConclusionsWe found that Ber significantly increased the rate of oocytes IVM and blastocyst development, and decreased the area and numbers of lipid droplets in IVM oocytes. Ber significantly increased the expression of miR‐192 in IVM oocytes, and significantly decreased the expression of SREBF1 and PPARG, which were target genes of miR‐192. This study indicates that Ber promotes lipid metabolism in porcine oocytes by activating the expression of miR‐192 and down‐regulating SREBF1 and PPARG, thus, improving IVM of porcine oocytes.
Colonic duplication with colovaginal fistula in a dog
Authors: Rei Ines L. , Parry Andrew T. , Dempsey Lara M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 9‐week‐old, female entire cross breed dog presented with a history of recurrent constipation since being weaned. Survey radiography, CT and subsequently a retrograde vagino‐urethrogram were performed, and the patient was diagnosed with colonic duplication. CT showed a grossly abnormal colon, with the ascending colon bifurcating into two transverse and two descending colons with a common wall between them. During hospitalisation, the patient was observed to pass faecal material from the vulva. A retrograde vagino‐urethrogram was performed and revealed a colovaginal fistula. Surgical intervention was discussed; however, due to the severity of abnormalities found, the owner elected to euthanise the dog. A necropsy confirmed the imaging findings.
Concurrent uterine squamous cell carcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma in a mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis)
Authors: Hill Andrew Gordon , Owen Helen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 9‐year‐old captive female mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis) died acutely without prior clinical signs due to peritonitis associated with a squamous cell carcinoma infiltrating the wall of the uterus. A concurrent bronchoalveolar carcinoma was identified within the pulmonary parenchyma, which was considered incidental. Neoplasia is rarely reported in mahogany gliders despite their aging captive population.
Applications of metal‐organic frameworks and zeolites to virus detection and control: biosensors, barriers, and biocomposites
Authors: Aguilar‐Palma Roy , Malankowska Magdalena , Coronas Joaquín 
Published: April 2021

AbstractViruses affect humanity causing deaths and economic problems all over the world. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolites are nanoporous compounds that can be tailor‐synthetized to specific applications to detect and control virus infections. Three main applications are found for these materials towards viruses: biosensors, barriers and biocomposites. Biosensors based on MOFs and zeolites possess a high selectivity in fluorescence assays to detect virus genetic material. Barriers based on modified zeolites are tools to remove or concentrate viruses in water sources, besides zeolites powders can be added to other materials like fabrics and plastics to create or enhance physical barriers to viruses. Biocomposites are materials that are composed of at least one natural resource, constituting a new technology, which can be a strategy to deliver drugs in medicine and protect biological substances against denaturing process, under this concept it is possible to create vaccine‐based viral‐like particles.