bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting deviations from the efficacy and safety results of single‐arm trials using real‐world data: The case of a CAR‐T cell therapy in B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , Callréus Torbjörn , Sessa Maurizio , Jerkeman Mats , Andersen Morten , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposePersonalized therapies are leading to an increasing number of marketing authorizations based on single‐arm trials, which increases the demand for better post‐authorization monitoring strategies. The aim of the present study was to estimate the power over time as data accrue in population‐based registries for detecting deviations from the expected efficacy/safety of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR‐T) therapy approved for relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphoma (RR‐LBCL).MethodsThe number of real‐world RR‐LBCL patients was projected over time in a general population of 5, 15, and 25 million citizens using lymphoma registry data. For each scenario, we computed the power over time for detecting significant deviations in efficacy (1‐year overall survival [1yOS]) when comparing to historical controls (SCHOLAR‐1 study; 1yOS, 28%) and RR‐LBCL patients treated with CAR‐T cell therapy in a single‐arm trial (ZUMA‐1; 1yOS, 59%) as well as deviations in selected adverse events (grade ≥3 aphasia) from the ZUMA‐1 trial. We assumed a 10% absolute deviation in 1yOS (efficacy) and a relative increase of 50% in grade ≥3 aphasia (safety).ResultsAssuming a general population of 5, 15, and 25 million, the accrual time needed to achieve 80% power for detecting a significant increase over the 1yOS reported in SCHOLAR‐1 was 9, 4, and 3 years, respectively, while 80% power for detecting a significant decrease in 1yOS compared to ZUMA‐1 required 10.5, 4.5, and 3 years of data accrual, respectively. However, corresponding estimates for aphasia were >20, 8, and 5 years, respectively.ConclusionsProjections of the statistical power for detecting important deviations in efficacy/safety from that reported in pivotal clinical trials(s) provide critical information about the expected performance of post‐authorization monitoring programs.
Alternatives of resorcinol in carbon black filled belt skim compound: A sustainable approach to make tire
Authors: Kumawat Pankaj , Chanda Jagannath , Das Sanjit Kumar , Ghosal Anshu , Gupta Saikat Das , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs per global trends, new legislation, regulations, and restrictions on the use of hazardous materials with respect to environmental concerns, it has become necessary to eliminate resorcinol from the rubber compound as it was generating carcinogenic fumes during processing at high temperature. In this research, two non‐hazardous phenolic resins [A] and [B] were explored, in place of resorcinol, in a typical PCR tire belt skim compound. The entire study includes three phases. In Phase I, resorcinol was substituted with both the resins and it was revealed that they have potential to function as resorcinol in rubber‐brass bonding mechanism with few limitations, primarily as low cure rate. In Phase II, it was adjusted by incorporating TBBS as an additional accelerator but an abrupt loss in extent of adhesion retention was noticed for aged samples. It leads to further investigation in Phase II compositions. In Phase III, a little amount of precipitated silica was formulated, which results into a significant revival of adhesion retention. Eventually, both the compounds were showing faster vulcanizing characteristics, improved aged and un‐aged properties, higher dynamic stiffness, and lower hysteresis. Compound [B] showed best performance in all the properties except fatigue crack growth rate in low strain percentage.
Optoelectronic reciprocity in hot carrier solar cells with ideal energy selective contacts
Authors: Pusch Andreas , Dubajic Milos , Nielsen Michael P. , Conibeer Gavin J. , Bremner Stephen P. , Ekins‐Daukes Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHot carrier solar cells promise theoretical power conversion efficiencies far beyond the single junction limit. However, practical implementations of hot carrier solar cells have lagged far behind those theoretical predictions. Reciprocity relations for electroluminescence from conventional single junction solar cells have been extremely helpful in driving their efficiency ever closer to the theoretical limits. In this work, we discuss how the signatures of a functioning hot carrier device should manifest experimentally when driven in reverse, that is, in electroluminescent mode. Hot carrier properties lead to deviations of the dark I–V from the Shockley diode equation that is typical for conventional single junction solar cells. These deviations are directly linked to an increase in temperature of the carriers and therefore the temperature measured from electroluminescence spectra. We also elucidate how the behaviour of hot carrier solar cells in the dark depends on whether Auger processes play a significant role, revealing a stark contrast between the regime of negligible Auger recombination (carrier conservation model) and dominant Auger recombination (impact ionisation model) for hot carrier solar cells.
Hematite/Polystyrene Raspberry‐Like Microcomposites as Stable Support for Silver Nanoparticle Immobilization
Authors: Lupa Dawid , Oćwieja Magdalena , Adamczyk Zbigniew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmong the methods utilized for the preparation of raspberry‐like microcomposites, due to its simplicity and universality, the electrostatically‐driven deposition of nanoparticles at the surface of microparticles is especially attractive. This process, leading to the formation of a single nanoparticle monolayer, is widely reported. On the other hand, no data concerning the electrostatically‐driven formation of nanoparticle bilayers at the surface of microparticles are reported. To fill this gap, the detailed investigation of the formation of silver/hematite nanoparticle bilayers at the surface of polystyrene microparticles is reported. First, the hematite/polystyrene raspberry‐like microcomposites are obtained by immobilization of hematite nanoparticles under an electrostatically‐driven process. The stability of hematite/polystyrene microcomposites at elevated temperatures up to 323 K is monitored using microelectrophoresis. No significant changes in the hematite nanoparticle layer coverage are observed after prolonged time of incubation. This proves the irreversible character of nanoparticle immobilization. Next, the hematite/polystyrene microcomposites are utilized as the interfaces for immobilization of negatively charged silver nanoparticles. This process is quantitatively described using electrokinetic measurements. The changes in the hydrodynamic diameter of microcomposites are also determined. Finally, the validity of the electrokinetic model used in this work for predicting the zeta potential of the silver/hematite/polystyrene microcomposites is confirmed.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Energetic 3‐Azido‐5‐amino‐6‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazine
Authors: Creegan Shannon E. , Zeller Matthias , Byrd Edward F. C. , Piercey Davin G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe reaction of diazotetrazole with nitroacetonitrile led to the isolation of the simple 1,2,4‐triazine‐based energetic 3‐azido‐5‐amino‐6‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazine. It and related compounds were chemically characterized by NMR, IR, and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Their energetic sensitivities (impact, friction) were experimentally determined and energetic performances calculated. The ability of 3‐azido‐5‐amino‐6‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazine to form N‐oxides was also studied.
Valent USA LLC strategies, innovations, and collaborations to deal with herbicide resistance and achieve sustainability
Authors: Kohrt Jonathon R , Pawlak John , Sandell Lowell , Cranmer John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn conjunction with our parent company Sumitomo Chemical, Valent USA LLC continues to research, develop, and steward products that assist growers in the management of existing and emerging weed resistance issues in their fields. The knowledge gained through collaboration with universities and industry stakeholders in how to effectively manage and prevent the spread of herbicide‐resistant weeds is being incorporated into the development and stewardship of our products. Valent demonstrates our commitment to herbicide stewardship by developing products which incorporate multiple‐effective modes of action using flumioxazin as a foundational component for preemergence residual weed control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic structure and population demographics of Hypnoidus bicolor (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Drahun Ivan , Wiebe Kiana F , Koloski Cody W , van Herk Willem G , Cassone Bryan J 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFollowing banning of the pesticide lindane in most counties, wireworms (i.e., the soil‐living larval stages of click beetles) have become major pests of a variety of economically important field crops. Hypnoidus bicolor is a common pest species in the Canadian Prairies. However, little is known about its life history, which impedes the development of effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Population genetic approaches have the potential to assist in the development of IPM.RESULTSWe sequenced a 622‐bp fragment of the COX1 gene from 326 H. bicolor wireworm and click beetles collected from 13 localities on the Canadian Prairies. Two genetically distinct (>4.66% sequence divergence) clades were identified, suggesting that they may be part of a species complex. Clade A predominated and increased in prevalence the further east samples were collected, whereas the opposite was true for clade B. Clade B appears to be comprised of two mitochondrial DNA groups, however, one group was represented by only one haplotype. Both clades were characterized by uneven gene flow among populations with low levels of regional genetic structuring. Clade A appeared to have undergone population and range expansions, which may coincide with the advent of intensive agriculture practices in the prairies.CONCLUSIONKnowledge of species composition and population structure is important for the development of effective IPM strategies but is often lacking for wireworms. Our study fills these knowledge gaps for a predominant pest species in the prairies, H. bicolor, by providing robust evidence for cryptic forms and characterizing its dispersal patterns and population dynamics. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Pressure effects on the electronic, magnetic, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of Mn2CoSi half‐metallic compound
Authors: On Vo Van , Nguyen Duy Khanh , Hoat D. M. , Ponce‐Pérez R. , Rivas‐Silva J. F. , H. Cocoletzi Gregorio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, the pressure effects on the electronic, magnetic, thermoelectric, and thermodynamic properties of the half‐metallic full‐Heusler Mn2CoSi compound are investigated using spin‐polarized first‐principles calculations. The material used is half‐metallic, with the spin‐up alignment being metallic and semiconductivity found in the spin‐down state, creating the perfect spin polarization of 100%. Ferromagnetic and spin‐flip energy gaps have values of 0.887 and 0.415 eV, respectively. The half‐metallicity is quite robust under high pressures. The magnetic properties of Mn2CoSi follows the Slater‐Pauling rule, Mt = Z − 24, being produced mainly by the Mn and Co atoms, while the Si contribution is negligible. Thermoelectric properties' calculations indicate that the metallic behavior generates quite a small figure of merit, while large values close to unity can be obtained with the semiconductor nature. Finally, the Mn2CoSi thermodynamic properties, including the Gibbs free energy, thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus, heat capacity, Grüneisen parameter, and Debye temperature, under different temperatures (up to 1000 K) and pressures (up to 50 K) are determined and discussed in detail.
A qualitative study of risk perception and preparedness knowledge in two Midwestern United States communities that are located near nuclear power plants
Authors: Crowley Julia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to examine risk perceptions of communities living near nuclear power plants and to relate the risk perceptions to the local knowledge of preparedness procedures in the event of an accident at the facilities. A total of 65 interviews were conducted in 2 communities in a Midwestern state in the United States that has nuclear power plants. Questions pertained to risk perceptions and knowledge of preparedness procedures in regards to the nuclear power plants. Interview transcripts were coded through the two‐step process of initial and focused coding to derive four themes. These themes include quality of life, energy production, safety, and preparedness knowledge. The majority of interviewees reported that the facilities enhanced their quality of life with the taxes paid by the parent company. In addition, most interviewees described the energy production process as clean. While most of the interviewee safety perceptions were positive overall, some expressed concerns regarding the potential for an accident at one of the nuclear power plants. In regards to preparedness knowledge, fewer than half of interviewees could name at least one preparedness procedure offhand. This research concludes that interviewees with low‐risk perceptions of the facilities were less prepared overall.
Recent Advances of Indium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Reactions in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Datta Mrityunjoy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis review summarizes recent advances of indium trichloride catalyzed synthesis of different organic compounds. It is obvious that InCl3 co‐ordinates with C−C and/or C‐heteroatom multiple bonds and thereby makes them very prone to nucleophilic attack to form a new bond. This Lewis acid catalyst also activates oxiranes to produce aldehydes. Multicomponent synthesis including C−C bond formation reaction and construction of N, O and S‐containing heterocycles are discussed in organic solvents as well as in water. This article highlights recent developments and application of indium(III) chloride as a catalyst in organic synthesis from 2015 to 2020. The mechanism of few important reactions is discussed in detail which will be very useful for the readers.
Determination of Pd2+ by Fluorescence Enhancement caused by an Off‐Switching of an Energy‐ and an Electron Transfer
Authors: Schwarze Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a fluorescent dye 1, which is able to detect selectively Pd2+ by a clear fluorescence enhancement (FE) in THF. In the presence of eight Pd2+ equivalents, we observed a fluorescence enhancement factor (FEF) of 28.3. The high Pd2+ induced FEF can be explained by an off switching of multiple quenching processes within 1 by Pd2+. In the free dye 1 a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and energy transfer (ET) takes place and quenches the anthracenic fluorescence. The coordination of eight Pd2+ units by the alkylthio‐substituted porphyrazine receptor suppresses the PET and ET quenching process and the anthracenic fluorescence is switched on.
Multifunctional Biopolymers‐Based Composite Materials for Biomedical Applications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khan Ajahar , Alamry Khalid A. , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiopolymers are considered as a favorable group of substances with a broad array of applications, of which biomedical field stands out. The interesting features of biopolymers such as low‐cost, non‐cytotoxicity, hydrophilicity, biodegradation and biocompatibility make them promising and excellent feedstock to be used in implantable devices. The bounteous reactive functional groups in the backbone structure of polysaccharides and its derivatives could be utilized to develop hydrogels, nano‐composite and 3D scaffolds with appealing structures and desired features, leading to promising research attention towards biomedical fields. The present review describes the foremost properties as well as potential of different biopolymers, and their composites for application in implantable biomedical systems. This work may introduce readers about the comprehension of state‐of‐the‐art advances, real present challenges along with the future anticipation of eco‐friendly and biomimetic techniques for the modification of biopolymeric materials to improve their biomedical applications.
Effect of Bio‐Based Aldehyde Structure on the Conversion and Selectivity Towards Glycerol Acetal Over Amberlyst‐46 by Using a Solvent‐Free Approach
Authors: Armylisas Abu Hassan Noor , Yeong Shoot Kian , Maznee Tuan Ismail Tuan Noor , Hoong Seng Soi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcetalization of glycerol with acetone (1 : 5) at 60 °C catalyzed by A‐46 (10 wt %) under nitrogen (N2) afforded 63 % solketal 1 a in just 15 min. Subsequently, acetalization of glycerol and bio‐based aldehydes i. e. acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n‐heptaldehyde, p‐anisaldehyde and benzaldehyde were investigated under optimized reaction conditions. The conversion and selectivity of this reaction was found to be affected by structure of aldehydes employed. Excellent conversion of 97 and 99 % were obtained using acetaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde, respectively while longer chain or aromatic aldehyde gave poor conversion between 17 and 36 %. Aldehyde with branching or aromatic ring gave better selectivity towards 6‐membered ring acetal b at the expense of conversion: p‐anisaldehyde > benzaldehyde>isobutyraldehyde>acetaldehyde>n‐heptaldehyde. Conversely, organic solvent gave adverse effects to both conversion and selectivity towards b. Optimized acetalization of glycerol/benzaldehyde was also studied. A‐46 has shown excellent stability and reactivity with no significant loss of catalytic activity in 10 subsequent runs.
Multivalency Pattern Recognition to Sort Colloidal Assemblies
Authors: Loescher Sebastian , Walther Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultivalent interaction is an important principle for self‐assembly and has been widely used to assemble colloids. However, surface binding partners are statistically distributed, which falls short of the interaction possibilities arising from geometrically controlled multivalency patterns as seen in viruses. Herein, the precision provided by 3D DNA origami is exploited to introduce multivalency pattern recognition via designing geometrically precise interaction patterns at patches of patchy nanocylinders. This gives rise to self‐sorting of colloidal assemblies despite having the same type and number of supramolecular binding motifs—solely based on the pattern located on a 20 × 20 nm2 cross‐section. The degree of sorting can be modulated by the geometric overlap of patterns and homo; mixed and alternating supracolloidal polymerizations are demonstrated. Multivalency patterns are able to provide an additional information layer to organize soft matter, important towards engineering of biological responses and functional materials design.
Sources of variation in the speech of African Americans: Perspectives from sociophonetics
Authors: Farrington Charlie , King Sharese , Kohn Mary 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfrican American Language (AAL) is one of the most researched varieties of American English, yet key aspects of its development and spread remain under‐theorized. For example, regional and social variation in the speech of African Americans was initially understudied in AAL as scholars sought to demonstrate the overall systematicity of the variety, often at the expense of examining variation across and within communities. More recently, scholars have begun to address this gap by examining different sources of variation in AAL phonology. For instance, the African American Vowel System (AAVS), also called the African American Vowel Shift, describes a pattern identified within AAL, including the raising of the front lax vowels and the nonfronting of the high‐ and mid‐back vowels. Aspects of the AAVS have been found in geographically widespread varieties of AAL, suggesting that shared patterns of population movement resulting from the Great Migration and subsequent social experiences may have led to the development of this system. Other more regionally limited sound patterns suggest the role of more localized processes of variation and change. We focus on three sources of variation that have contributed to the spread and realizations of the sound system in modern AAL: migration, segregation, and place and identity. Evidence from sociophonetic analyses across these three factors provides a foundation to more thoroughly document the ways in which AAL varieties developed, spread, and vary, while allowing for a more nuanced assessment of racialization and its implications for individual differences.This article is categorized under:
Linguistics > Linguistic Theory
Psychology > Language
A note on one-loop cluster adjacency in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Mago Jorge , Schreiber Anders , Spradlin Marcus , Volovich Anastasia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study cluster adjacency conjectures for amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We show that the n-point one-loop NMHV ratio function satisfies Steinmann cluster adjacency. We also show that the one-loop BDS-like normalized NMHV amplitude satisfies cluster adjacency between Yangian invariants and final symbol entries up to 9-points. We present conjectures for cluster adjacency properties of Plücker coordinates, quadratic cluster variables, and NMHV Yangian invariants that generalize the notion of weak separation.