bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On-Pump Beating Heart versus Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Short-Term Follow-up Outcomes of a Single Center
Authors: İlkeli Ekin , Düzgün Ali Cemal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background and Aim: Novel surgical approaches are gaining attention in an attempt to overcome possible adverse events following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This single-center study aimed to evaluate and compare the early postoperative outcomes of on-pump beating-heart (OPBH-CABG) versus off-pump CABG surgery in similar risk groups with a total number of 1–2 grafts.

Methods: The records of a total of 229 patients who underwent non-emergency, primary, isolated, either OPBH-CABG (n = 32) or off-pump CABG (n = 197) surgery were retrospectively evaluated. Reported outcome measures included baseline data, the number of coronary artery grafts, prophylactic intra-aortic balloon pump, time of extubation from mechanical ventilation, duration of stay in the coronary ICU and hospital, as well as early postoperative complications, in-hospital and early postoperative mortality.

Results: The groups were identical with regards to age and BMI. The patients in the off-pump group received a higher number of grafts (1.84 ± 0.36 vs. 1.18 ± 0.39, p <0.0001). The OPBH-CABG group had a higher Euroscore II score (2.514 ± 1.68 vs. 1.706 ± 1.93, p = 0.021). The time to extubation after the surgery, postoperative length of ICU stay, and total length of hospital stay were similar between the groups (p = 0.2228; p = 0.098; p = 0.717, respectively). The incidence of arrythmia and atrial fibrillation was higher in the on-pump group (12.5% vs. 2.53%, p <0.05). One patient in the on-pump, and four patients in the off-pump groups deceased due to postoperative complications.

Conclusions: OPBH-CABG surgery is comparable to off-pump CABG in terms of early postoperative outcomes. In patients who underwent OPBH-CABG, the risk of arrythmia and atrial fibrillation should be of concern and solved with optimal strategies.
AMC backed circularly polarized dual band antenna for Wi-Fi and WLAN applications
Authors: Tilak Gande B. G. , Kotamraju Sarat K. , Madhav Boddapati T. P. , Kavya Korada C. S. , Rao Manikonda V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this article the design and implementation of dual band circularly polarized antenna which is backed with AMC is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a novel heart shaped concentric ringshaped patch attached to meander line. The dimension of the antenna without AMC is 0.24 λ0 × 0.140 λ0 × 0.012 λ0 × and with AMC 0.43 λ0 × 0.43 λ0 × 0.32 λ0 and designed on a commercial FR4 substrate. The antenna gets worked at dual band applications such as 2.4 GHz (wi-fi) operates from 2.3 GHz to 2.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz (WLAN) operates from 4.7 GHz to 5.9 GHz and also gets circular polarization from 2.3 GHz to 2.5 GHz (200 MHz) and 4.95 GHz to 5.40 GHz (450 MHz) is achieved. In this article the proposed model is investigated towards circular polarization, radiation patterns and current distributions by varying parametric analysis is carried to analyze overall performance of antenna with and without AMC.
Signal periodicity detection using Ramanujan subspace projection
Authors: Abraham Deepa , Manuel Manju 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Signal periodic decomposition and periodic estimation are two crucial problems in the signal processing domain. Due to its significance, the applications have been extended to fields like periodic sequence analysis of biomolecules, stock market predictions, speech signal processing, and musical pitch analysis. The recently proposed Ramanujan sums (RS) based transforms are very useful in analysing the periodicity of signals. This paper proposes a method for periodicity detection of signals with multiple periods based on autocorrelation and Ramanujan subspace projection with low computational complexity. The proposed method is compared with other signal periodicity detection methods and the results show that the proposed method detects the signal period correctly in less time.
Preparation and gas-sensing properties of very thin sputtered NiO films
Authors: Hotovy Ivan , Rehacek Vlastimil , Kemeny Martin , Ondrejka Peter , Kostic Ivan , Mikolasek Miroslav , Spiess Lothar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present results on very thin NiO films which are able to detect 3 ppm of acetone, toluene and n-butyl acetate in synthetic air and to operate at 300°C. NiO films with 25 and 50 nm thicknesses were prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering on alumina substrates previously coated by Pt layers as heater and as interdigitated electrodes. Annealed NiO films are indexed to the (fcc) crystalline structure of NiO and their calculated grain sizes are in the range from 22 to 27 nm. Surface morphology of the examined samples was influenced by a rough and compact granular structure of alumina substrate. Nanoporous NiO film is formed by an agglomeration of small grains with different shapes while they are created on every alumina grain.
New model of explanation for phase angle pattern of online partial discharge measurement in winding insulation of turbine generator
Authors: Baboraik Abdulrahman , Usachev Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
On-line partial discharge (PD) measurement in electrical insulation of the turbine generator (TG) is an essential approach to control the quality of insulation and to avoid any undesired shutdowns of TG. Although in the last few decades the number of research in PD on-line monitoring methods in the stator winding of TG has increased significantly, it is still not clear yet why PD only appears at certain phase angles of the AC cycle in the phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) pattern. Moreover, there is not yet any clarification on how the winding configuration of stator may affect PD phase angle pattern. For this reason, this work examines detailed study of the impact of the winding diagram on PD occurrence in the stator winding of real turbine generator class TVF-60-2 (60 MW, 10.5 KV). In addition, a computer simulation of various sizes of ellipsoidal cavities from 0.1 to 2.5 mm between conductor bar and stator core were carried out by using Laplaces equation in Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software ComSol to investigate the relation between the cavity size and coefficient of electric field. As a result of that, the phase angle of PD occurrence in the stator winding will highly depend on the configuration of bars connection, and the computer simulation has helped identifying the PD inception voltage and applied voltage of various ellipsoidal defects size. These two results have helped proposing an initial new theoretical model of explanation the relationship between voltage distributions and phase angle of PD occurrence to determine the degradation level of insulation caused by ellipsoidal defects in the insulation bars of the stator winding which can be used for stator windings of TG rated 6 kV and higher. This model is the initial step to develop a further comprehensive model of explanation for PRPD patterns which will consider all other types of defects as well as the space charge effects from the previous PD.
Pactism in Catalonia: A Dual Conception of the Political Community
Authors: de Montagut Tomàs , Ripoll Pere 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article offers a historiographic definition of ‘pactism’, i.e. the pact-based model institutional doctrine and practice held in Europe from the High-Middle Ages onwards, until the emergence of the modern concept of sovereignty in the absolutist state of the 16th and 17th centuries. As institutional doctrine, pactism found in Catalonia one of its most elaborate formulations. This article defines the constitutive elements of Catalan legal pactism, stemming from the Romanist concept of ius commune and the conceptual work on interpretation and early public law carried out by legal scholars. It distinguishes different kinds and degrees of jurisdictio (senyoria, in Catalan language)—universals, generals and speciales—and it defines populus, constitutio populi, imperium and contrafaccions. Catalan legal instruments related to the enactment of laws by the General Courts—Constitucions, Capítols i Actes de Cort—and the limited power of the King, the composition of Generalitat (the General of Catalonia), and the role of the three Catalan branches (braços, estaments) are also elucidated. It also delves into the procedure for establishing constitutions which was followed by the Cort General of Montsó of 1585. The 15th c. legal compilation called Llibre dels Quatre Senyals and the recent discovery of the Llibre dels Vuit Senyals allow a more accurate dating of origins (1289, 1291, 1359, 1376), and a better understanding of its financial objectives, procedures and protections. Finally, this article introduces the notion of a dual conception of the political community as a suitable interpretative thesis to make sense of the whole process of the development of public law in Medieval Catalonia.
Electrical impedance to easily discover undeclared freeze-thaw cycles in slaughtered bovine meat
Authors: Dell’Osa A. H. , Battacone G. , Pulina G. , Fois A. , Tocco F. , Loviselli A. , Concu A. , Velluzzi F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A portable electrical impedance spectroscopy device was developed to monitor the bioimpedance resistive component of bovine meat by injecting a sinusoidal current of 1 mA at 65 kHz. Both right and left longissimus dorsi muscles were trimmed from 4 slaughtered cows. The left muscle portions were frozen to −18 °C for 7 days while the right ones were meantime maintained at 5 °C. Mean value of impedance per length (Ω/cm) of frozen and thawed left samples was 31% lower than that of right non-frozen one (P = 0.0001). It was concluded that the device is reliable for monitoring the maturation of beef meat in situ with the possibility of revealing undeclared freeze-thaw cycles.
Plurilingualism and monolingualism in foreign language classrooms: The perspective of EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsaawi Ali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The idea of teaching a target language via a monolingual medium of instruction in the classroom has long predominated in the pedagogical context. In Saudi Arabia, excluding the students’ mother tongue (Arabic) in the foreign language classroom has been seen as a tool that accelerates the acquisition of the target language (English). This is widely viewed as the most practical and effective method of language learning, especially in the Gulf region, where English is a foreign language employed in the fields of economics and business. The recent academic argument that exploiting the students’ linguistic repertoire, including the mother tongue, in the target language classroom boosts and fosters the students’ learning cycle is still encountering huge resistance, especially among second/foreign language teachers. To explore this dispute from the perspective of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in intermediate and secondary schools, a case study was conducted with 34 teachers in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, through questionnaires and a focus group interview. The study found that most teachers believe that the policy of using the target language (English) only is the most effective method of language learning. They employed the students’ mother tongue (Arabic) on an ad hoc basis to ensure complete comprehension, organize classroom tasks or convey personal remarks. In addition, the study revealed that teachers’ understanding of plurilingualism was unclear and limited to the verbal use of two languages, and that EFL teachers need more clarification on its application in the classroom.
On a shoestring: child speakers of other languages in Slovak education
Authors: Bánovčanová Zuzana , Danišková Zuzana , Filagová Markéta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on children who cannot speak the language of the majority when they enter the school system. It recommends that the term child speakers of other languages should be adopted in Slovakia. Various approaches and types of support used in other European countries (Germany, Denmark, Czechia) are presented. These could be adopted nationally to integrate these children in school. The legal situation and current situation in preschools and primary school is also explored. The article outlines potential forms of support for preschool children and their families that require little in the way of additional funding and human resources.
Donald Blacks Moralsoziologie
Authors: Pies Ingo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article aims at introducing the sociology of morals by Donald Black to a broader German-speaking public. The reconstruction draws on graphical visualizations that help to follow the basic arguments and to understand the systematicity of Black’s line of thought. Furthermore, Black’s approach is illustrated by highlighting several propositions he derives. This article thus clarifies Black’s relevance for foundational research in ethics as well as for research in the field of business ethics.
A Rawlsian perspective on the institutional limits of lobbying the European Commission
Authors: Bäumlisberger Damian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the process of drafting European Union (EU) legislation and supervising its effective national implementation, the European Commission has to cooperate with lobbyists. This exchange involves the risk of arbitrary lobby influence on its decisions at the expense of other EU citizens. Against this backdrop, this article addresses the research question of which normative principles should constrain the Commission’s interaction with lobbyists. Based on the contractarian approach from Rawls’ Law of Peoples, it identifies eight criteria of a Rawlsian lobby consultation system for the Commission, which representatives of EU countries could accept from behind a Rawlsian veil of ignorance and in view of the fundamental interest of their people. These normative criteria can be supervised by independent institutions like the European Parliament and the European Court of Justice. They constitute a procedural approach to the political supervision of the Commission’s interaction with lobbyists that can be enforced without compromising its necessary institutional independence.
Praktischer Weisheit nach-denken. Wirtschaftsethische Orientierung am Standort Ingolstadt in der Tradition von Johannes Eck
Authors: Habisch André 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the late Middle Ages, the canonical prohibition of interest increasingly came into conflict with an ever more dynamic economic practice. The Ingolstadt based theology professor Johannes Eck is better known as Catholic opponent of Martin Luther; however, he also worked more strongly than his academic contemporaries against fundamentalist business ethics theories thereby actively searching public debate. Subsequently, he became forerunner and point of reference for academic theory, which is committed to the struggle of merchants and entrepreneurs to shape their forms of practice responsibly.
From Matter to Form: the Evolution of the Genetic Code as Semio-Poiesis
Authors: Zolyan Suren 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The code is meaningless unless translated. (Monod 1971, 143)
We address issues of a description of the origin and evolution of the genetic code from the semiotics standpoint. Developing the concept of codepoiesis introduced by M. Barbieri, a new idea of semio-poiesis is proposed. Semio-poiesis, a recursive auto-referential processing of a semiotic system, becomes a form of organization of the bio-world when and while notions of meaning and aiming are introduced into it. The description of the genetic code as a semiotic system (grammar and vocabulary) allows us to apply the method of internal reconstruction to it: on the basis of heterogeneity and irregularity of the current state, to explicate possible previous states and various ways of forming coding and textualization mechanisms. The revealed patterns and irregularities are consistent with hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the genetic code.
Polysemy and cognitive linguistics. The case of vána
Authors: Jurewicz Joanna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to address the problem of the polysemy of Sanskrit words using the example of the meanings of the word vána used in the Ṛgveda (“a tree, wood, forest, fire drill, vessel for Soma, water and material of the world”). I will show that the methodology of cognitive linguistics is very useful to analyse the rational background of polysemy and its conceptual consistency. The basis for my analysis is three assumptions accepted in cognitive linguistics: 1. the meaning of words reflects thinking about the designate; 2. thinking is motivated by experience and cultural beliefs; 3. the associations between semantic aspects of the word can be modelled as conceptual metonymy, conceptual metaphor and conceptual blending. On the basis of these assumptions, I will reconstruct the semantic structure of the word vána. It is a radial category, the centre of which is constituted by its most literal meaning, “tree”, and its metonymic extensions, i.e. wood and forest. The meanings of things made of wood (i.e. fire drill and vessel) are also close to the central meaning and are metonymic extensions. The meanings of water and the material of the world are metaphoric extensions of the central meaning and more peripheral. They are based on cultural beliefs and models shared by the Ṛgvedic poets. I will also argue that the Ṛgvedic poets consciously shaped the semantics of the word vána by using it in contexts which forced the recipient to activate its less literal meanings. Thus they could create a general concept of the hiding place of desirable goods, such as fire, Soma, the sun, and the world.
Kavíkratu
Authors: Köhler Frank 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article the meaning of thebahuvrīhicompoundkavíkratu(attested ten times in the ṚV: 1.1.5; 3.2.4; 3.14.7; 3.27.12; 5.11.4; 6.16.23; 8.44.7; 9.9.1; 9.25.5; 9.62.13; seven times used as an attribute for Agni, thrice for Soma) is examined. Its morphology (adjectival possessive compound) and the meaning of its two constituentskaví“poet” andkrátu“resolve” are more or less undisputed, hence the common translation “with a poet’s resolve”. However, in spite of the rare occurrence and the apparent lucidity of the morphology and semantics ofkavíkratu, such a translation may not be appropriate. The uneven distribution of this term and its marked position within the stanzas where it occurs, in combination with the semantic ambiguity of Sanskrit compounds, may be taken as an indication that this compound possesses a more intricate structure, and that this intricacy is the reason for its occurrence. In this article it is argued that this compound admits more than one translation, and that it is necessary to reproduce its semantic ambiguity in translation. Finally, the possibility of using the uneven distribution ofkavíkratuto identify differences between certain groups within the Ṛgveda with regard to their world-views is briefly discussed.
Challenges and perspectivesfor human activity in Arctic coastal environments – a review of selected interactions and problems
Authors: Jaskólski Marek Wojciech 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe currently-observed increase in human activity in the Arctic accelerates the negative impact on the environment as well as increases the risk of threats to mankind itself. This paper reviews and summarises a selection of studies on the interaction between humans and the environment in the Arctic coastal zone, which is impacted by a warming climate and associated geohazards. The paper presents a general description of human presence in the Arctic, identifies and describes the processes that are threatening the infrastructure, and the anthropogenic processes that have a negative impact on the Arctic. It considers the possible future economic opportunities, and presents the sustainable requirements for modern human activity in the Arctic. The paper demonstrates the urgent need to develop a common, Arctic-wide strategy based on sustainable development. The time has come to change human perception of the Arctic because, in the near future, it may be considered as a refuge for climate change refugees.
Territorial fragmentation in post-communist Romania: the not so curious case of a de-amalgamation reform
Authors: Stănuș Cristina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The efficiency-driven trend towards amalgamation characterising local government reforms in Europe seems to have escaped Romania, which displays a significant increase in the number of local governments post-1989. This is the result of rural first-tier local governments splitting into smaller units. The paper examines objective factors and subjective motivations that have shaped the behaviour of both national and local actors in dealing with territorial reform. First, it explores the rationale and rationality of a central government initiative to facilitate municipal splits against a set of criteria derived from the literature. Second, it examines the municipal splits occurring between 1991 and 2018 against alternative or concurring explanations developed in the literature based on economic, socio-cultural and political elements. The paper argues that in the highly charged political context of the post-communist countries it is reasonable to expect a dominance of subjective rather than objective factors in decision-making on territorial reform.
Reversing the Past. Municipal Splits in Slovakia After 1989
Authors: Spáč Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The research on territorial reforms on the local level has so far focused on municipal amalgamations. However, less is known about municipal splits – a phenomenon that is less frequent, but that occurred in several European countries in recent decades. This paper deals with municipal splits in Slovakia after 1989, and it examines a set of factors that supported municipalities in their effort to obtain independence. The findings show that the massive wave of splits that began shortly after 1989 was primarily motivated by the aim of reversing the consequences of the amalgamation that had been conducted by the Communist regime. Hence, the question of identity was the main trigger leading to municipal splits. On the other hand, the analysis found that economic factors had only a limited role in the establishing of new municipalities in Slovakia.
Generalized functional inequalities in Banach spaces
Authors: Dimou H. , Aribou Y. , Kabbaj S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we solve and investigate the generalized additive functional inequalities

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\left\| {F\left( {{1 \over n}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{x_i}} } \right) - {1 \over n}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {F\left( {{x_i}} \right)} } \right\| \le \left\| {F\left( {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{x_i}} } \right) - \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {F\left( {{x_i}} \right)} } \right\|.

Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional inequalities (0.1) in Banach spaces and (0.2) in non-Archimedian Banach spaces.