bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological Features in 100 Deceased Patients With COVID-19 in Correlation With Clinical and Laboratory Data
Authors: Mikhaleva L. M. , Cherniaev A. L. , Samsonova M. V. , Zayratyants O. V. , Kakturskiy L. V. , Vasyukova O. A. , Birukov A. E. , Kontorshchikov A. S. , Sorokina A. V. , Sinelnikov M. Y. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Autopsies on COVID-19 deceased patients have many limitations due to necessary epidemiologic and preventative measures. The ongoing pandemic has caused a significant strain on healthcare systems and is being extensively studied around the world. Clinical data does not always corelate with post-mortem findings. The goal of our study was to find pathognomonic factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in 100 post-mortem full body autopsies.Materials and Methods: Following necessary safety protocol, we performed 100 autopsies on patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 related death. The macroscopic and microscopic pathologies were evaluated along with clinical and laboratory findings.Results: Extensive coagulopathic changes are seen throughout the bodies of diseased patients. Diffuse alveolar damage is pathognomonic of COVID-19 viral pneumonia, and is the leading cause of lethal outcome in younger patients. Extrapulmonary pathology is predominantly seen in the liver and spleen. Intravascular thrombosis is often widespread and signs of septic shock are often present.Conclusion: The described pathological manifestations of COVID-19 in deceased patients are an insight into the main mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 associated lethal outcome. The disease bears no obvious bias in severity, but seems to be more severe in some patients, hinting at genetic or epigenetic factors at play.
Studi Komparatif tentang Kemandirian pada Anak Usia Taman Kanak-Kanak Ditinjau dari Ibu Bekerja dan Tidak Bekerja
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Candra Ifani 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the differences in independence of kindergarten-aged children in terms of working and nonworking mothers in the kindergartens over Talawi district, Sawahlunto sity. This research is a type of comparative research. The variable used in this study is independence. The sampling technique uses random sampling where samples from the population were carried out randomly without regard to strata that exists in the population. The sample of this study was 161 kindergarten children consisting of 49 working mothers and 112 non-working ones. The data collection method uses children's independence scale. The results of the study based on statistic calculations which were obtained a mean value of 111,69 for non-working mothers and 101,65 for working ones. Calculation of Independent Sample t-Test is obtained t-count> t-table (3,934> 1,975) and P value (0,00 <0,05), then Ho is denied, so it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the level of independence of kindergarten-aged children referred to working and non-working mothers in the kindergartens over Talawi district, Sawahlunto city
Hubungan Efikasi Diri Pengasuhan terhadap Kecemasan Orangtua Anak dengan Autisme
Authors: Solihati Yasmin Meutia 
Published: August 2021

This research aims to determine the relationship between parenting self efficacy, and anxiety of parents with autism children. This study involved 41 parents aged 27 to 60 years old and had children autism with 5 to 12 years old. Anxiety scale, gratitude scale, parenting self efficacy scale, and social support scale was used to collect the data. This Research using the product moment method with IBM SPSS Statistic Version 22 to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a relationship between parenting self-efficacy on the anxiety of parents of children with autism with a value of r = 0.257 and p = 0.000.
THE CONCEPT OF «HAPPINESS» IN THE ARTISTIC SURVEY BY B. ANTONENKO-DAVYDOVYCH
Authors: Protopopova K. O. 
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to elucidating the specifics of reflecting the peculiarities of the functioning of the concept of «happiness» in B. Antonenko-Davydovych’s prose with emphasis on its evolution. The creation of each writer provides an opportunity to reproduce his unique picture of the world, the components of which are concepts, their selection and generalization contributes to a more complete and objective understanding of the artist’s creation. The concepts are a kind of artistic embodiment of the writer’s worldview, the result of the interaction of individual and creative skills with the environment and temporal realities. B. Antonenko-Davydovych’s creation concentrates the personal experience of the writer, testifies to the uniqueness of his worldview, reveals the cultural and life experience, reflects his reception of the world.
The concept of «happiness» is presented with different connotations in all periods of the writer’s work. The understanding of happiness by the characters in B. Antonenko-Davydovych’s works is evolving. Initially, the feeling of happiness correlates with memories of childhood, love for a woman, «related» work, gradually transforming into an adult conscious feeling of mutual love. The works of the writer testify to the gradual realization of true happiness. The story «Happiness» is significant for understanding the specifics of the functioning of the concept of «happiness» in the B. Antonenko-Davydovych’s creation. This is one of the last works of the writer, that was written at a fairly mature age, so the concept of «happiness» is presented here most fully, representing all its components, which in early work were outlined only in dotted lines. The work is supreme for understanding the concept of «happiness» by the writer. From the height of years and his life experience B. Antonenko-Davydovych proves that eternal ideals – love for a woman and love for people give a person a true feeling of happiness.
Primary Healthcare in Saudi Arabia: An Evaluation of Emergent Health Trends
Authors: Caswell Angela , Kenkre Joyce 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is experiencing an increasing demand for healthcare due to a growing population and unhealthy changes in lifestyle, fostering the need for critical examination of the current status of primary healthcare in the KSA with analysis of health-related trends among its growing population.MethodsA review of the literature was therefore undertaken, followed by a survey of primary healthcare centers at three facilities in Riyadh, to assess the current activities, understand challenges, compare existing practices with international best practices, and asses the level of patient satisfaction. The level of satisfaction with primary care services was examined by using observational surveys and retrospective reviews from the previous 20 years.ResultsThe more rural areas with populations with lower education and income ranked factors such as cleanliness, competence of staff, and environment the highest (82–95%), whereas urban areas with populations with higher education and income rated their level of satisfaction lower (74–82%). The influence of population diversity and the country's unique cultural sensitivities on the awareness and uptake of cancer surveillance services available in the community was examined. The incidence of diabetes, asthma, obesity, along with breast and cervical cancer trends, has illustrated the importance of health education and disease prevention.ConclusionAn investment in resources for primary healthcare staff and medical facilities is strongly recommended to support primary care providers in becoming the accepted and preferred community frontline for healthcare needs' assessment and care delivery. With its nursing staff comprised predominantly of expatriates, the emphasis needs to be on recruitment and training of a Saudi national workforce in line with succession planning strategy toward a sustainable Saudi workforce.
IMPLEMENTASI DAN FORMULASI STRATEGI MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA UNIT USAHA SAPI PERAH DAN PRODUKSI SUSU KUD SARWA MUKTI
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Arum Dewi Puspita , Rahayu Anggi Andriani 
Published: August 2021

Abstract - Cooperatives as business entities cannot be separated from various risks that must be present, uncertainty is difficult to predict and can cause losses. Risk management needs to be implemented to see the impact, in order the organization goals can be achived. Risk management has not been implemented in many cooperative business entities. The purpose of this research is to identify, map and formulate risk management strategies in Dairy Cattle and Milk Production Business. The research method used is a case study. The results of this study identified 17 possible events of risk. The 13 risks are categorized as "moderate" risk, 3 risks in the "high" category, and 1 risk in the "extreme" category. When viewed from the results of the risk mapping in the risk matrix, it shows that the business risks are in the yellow and red areas. Risk management strategy at a moderate risk level is risk reduction). At high risk, the risk management strategy is carried out with risk avoidance. And at extreme risk, the handling strategies implemented include risk transfer and risk avoidance.
Abstrak- Koperasi sebagai badan usaha tidak lepas dari berbagai risiko yang harus dihadapi, ketidakpastian sulit diprediksi dan dapat menimbulkan kerugian. Manajemen risiko perlu diimplementasikan untuk mengetahui dampaknya, agar tujuan organisasi dapat dicapai. Manajemen risiko belum banyak diimplementasikan pada badan usah koperasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi, memetakan dan memformulasikan strategi manajemen risiko pada Usaha Sapi Perah dan Produksi Susu Koperasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi sebanyak 17 kejadian yang kemungkinannya menjadi risiko. 13 risiko tersebut termasuk risiko dalam kategori "moderat", 3 risiko dalam kategori "tinggi", dan 1 risiko dalam kategori "ekstrim". Jika dilihat dari hasil pemetaan risiko dalam matrik risiko bahwa risiko usaha ini berada di area kuning dan merah. Strategi manajemen risiko pada tingkatan risiko moderat diformulasikan strategi manajemen risiko dengan pengurangan risiko (risk reduction). Pada risiko tinggi, strategi manajemen risiko dilakukan dengan penghindaran risiko. Dan pada risiko ekstrim, strategi penanganan yang dilakukan meliputi Risk Transfer (mengalihkan risiko) dan Risk Avoidance (penghindaran risiko)
سلسلة الذهب التي رواها الإمام أحمد بن حنبل في مسنده عن الإمام الشافعي (دراسة استقرائية نقدية)
Authors: Nur Kholis bin Kurdian  , Ainun Nur Hasanah  
Published: August 2021

أصح الأسانيد عند الإمام البخاري هو رواية مالك عن نافع عن ابن عمر، ويسمى هذا بسلسلة الذهب. وقد أجمع أهل الحديث على أن أجل من روى عن الإمام مالك هو الإمام الشافعي، وأن أجل من روى عن الإمام الشافعي هو الإمام أحمد. وأردنا أن نجمع تلك الأحاديث على الوصف المذكور وهو رواية أحمد عن الشافعي عن ابن عمر من كتاب المسند للإمام أحمد مع دراستها لمعرفة تلك الأحاديث فيه، ولمعرفة مدى صحتها، لأن هذا الوصف بأصح الأسانيد لا يلزم منه أن يكون متن الحديث صحيحا، لأنه قد يصح أو يحسن الإسناد دون المتن لشذوذ أو علة.
ومنهجنا في هذا البحث هو المنهج الكيفي. وأما منهجنا في جمع البيانات فهو منهج الاستقراء والتتبع لتلك الأحاديث أو يسمى بـ Search Inquiry عن طريق المكتبة الشاملة بإدخال الكلمات الآتية واحدة واحدة: "الشافعي"، " مالك عن نافع عن ابن عمر"، "الشافعي أخبرنا مالك". وبعد أن وجدنا تلك الأحاديث نقوم بتخريجها من خلال الكتب الستة ثم النظر في سندها ومتنها ثم الحكم عليها على ضوء قواعد علوم الحديث.
ونتيجة البحث التي توصلنا إليها: أن عدد سلسلة الذهب التي رواها الإمام أحمد في مسنده عن الإمام الشافعي أربعة أحاديث وهي: حديث النهي عن البيع على البيع، وحديث النهي عن النجش، وحديث النهي عن بيع حبل الحبلة، وحديث النهي عن المزابنة. وهذه الأحاديث ساقها الإمام أحمد مساق حديث واحد. وبعد التتبع لأحوالها وجمع طرقها والنظر في سندها ومتنها وجدناها صحيحة كلها لتوافر شروط الصحة فيها. والله أعلم.
Linking norms, ratings, and relations of words and concepts across multiple language varieties
Authors: Tjuka Annika , Forkel Robert , List Johann-Mattis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPsychologists and linguists collect various data on word and concept properties. In psychology, scholars have accumulated norms and ratings for a large number of words in languages with many speakers. In linguistics, scholars have accumulated cross-linguistic information about the relations between words and concepts. Until now, however, there have been no efforts to combine information from the two fields, which would allow comparison of psychological and linguistic properties across different languages. The Database of Cross-Linguistic Norms, Ratings, and Relations for Words and Concepts (NoRaRe) is the first attempt to close this gap. Building on a reference catalog that offers standardization of concepts used in historical and typological language comparison, it integrates data from psychology and linguistics, collected from 98 data sets, covering 65 unique properties for 40 languages. The database is curated with the help of manual, automated, semi-automated workflows and uses a software API to control and access the data. The database is accessible via a web application, the software API, or using scripting languages. In this study, we present how the database is structured, how it can be extended, and how we control the quality of the data curation process. To illustrate its application, we present three case studies that test the validity of our approach, the accuracy of our workflows, and the integrative potential of the database. Due to regular version updates, the NoRaRe database has the potential to advance research in psychology and linguistics by offering researchers an integrated perspective on both fields.
The predictors of general knowledge: Data from a Spanish megastudy
Authors: Buades-Sitjar Francisco , Boada Roger , Guasch Marc , Ferré Pilar , Hinojosa José Antonio , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies on sociodemographic data and crystallized intelligence have often struggled to recruit enough participants to achieve sufficient validity. However, the advent of the internet now allows this problem to be solved through the creation of megastudies. Yet, this methodology so far has only been used in studies on vocabulary size, while general knowledge, another key component of crystallized intelligence, remains unexamined. In the present study, regression models were used to examine the impact of sociodemographic variables—gender, age, years of study and socioeconomic status—on general knowledge scores. The sample comprised 48,234 participants, each of whom answered 60 general knowledge questions, their data being fully available online. Men were found to score higher than women in general knowledge. Years of study and socioeconomic status acted as strong and weak positive predictors, respectively. Age acted as a strong positive predictor until the age of 50, where it became progressively detrimental. These results are discussed relative to other studies on crystallized intelligence, highlighting the need to study each of its components individually.
Do the Periodic Activities of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts Represent the Spins of Neutron Stars?
Authors: Xu Kun , Li Qiao-Chu , Yang Yuan-Pei , Li Xiang-Dong , Dai Zi-Gao , Liu Jifeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious radio transients with millisecond durations. Recently, ∼16 days of periodic activity and ∼159 days of possible periodicity were detected to arise from FRB 180916.J0158+65 and FRB 121102, respectively, and the spin period of a slow-rotation magnetar was further considered to be one of the possible explanations of the periodic activities of repeating FRBs. For isolated neutron stars, the spin evolution suggests that it has difficulty reaching several hours. In this work, we mainly focus on the possible maximum spin period of isolated NSs/magnetars dominated by an interaction between a star’s magnetic field and the disk. We find that the disk wind plays an important role in spin evolution, whose influence varies the power-law index in the evolution equation of mass flow rate. For a magnetar without disk wind, the longest spin period is tens of hours. When the disk wind with a classical parameter is involved, the maximum spin period can reach hundreds of hours. But for an extremely large index of mass flow rate due to disk wind or other angular momentum extraction processes, a spin period of ∼(16–160) days is still possible.
Long-term Statistics of Pulsar Glitches Due to History-dependent Avalanches
Authors: Carlin Julian B. , Melatos Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStress accumulation-relaxation meta-models of pulsar glitches make precise, microphysics-agnostic predictions of long-term glitch statistics, which can be falsified by existing and future timing data. Previous meta-models assume that glitches are triggered by an avalanche process, e.g., involving superfluid vortices, and that the probability density function (PDF) of the avalanche sizes is history independent and specified exogenously. Here, a recipe is proposed to generate the avalanche sizes endogenously in a history-dependent manner, by tracking the thresholds of occupied vortex pinning sites as a function of time. Vortices unpin spasmodically from sites with thresholds below a global, time-dependent stress and repin at sites with thresholds above the global stress, imbuing the system with long-term memory. The meta-model predicts PDFs, auto-, and cross-correlations for glitch sizes and waiting times, which are provisionally inconsistent with current observations, unlike some previous meta-models (e.g., state-dependent Poisson process), whose predictions are consistent. The theoretical implications are intriguing, albeit uncertain, because history-dependent avalanches embody faithfully the popular, idealized understanding in the literature of how vortex unpinning operates as a driven, stochastic process. The meta-model predicts aftershocks, which occur with larger than average sizes and longer than average waiting times after the largest, system-resetting glitches. This prediction will be tested, once more data are generated by the next generation of pulsar timing campaigns.
Are Patients Improving during and after a Psychiatric Hospitalisation? Continuity of Care Outcomes of Compulsory and Voluntary Admissions to an Italian Psychiatric Ward
Authors: Castelpietra Giulio , Guadagno Silvia , Pischiutta Livia , Tossut Davide , Maso Elisa , Albert Umberto , Balestrieri Matteo 
Published: August 2021

Background To compare the characteristics of compulsory admissions (CAs) and voluntary admissions (VAs) in a General Hospital Psychiatric Unit (GHPU), and to assess whether CA and VA patients’ outcomes improved during hospitalisation and followup in mental health services (MHS) based on community continuity of care. Design and methods Observational longitudinal study comparing 19 CAs and 83 VAs consecutively admitted to GHPU of Udine, Italy, and followed-up for six-months by MHS. Five psychometric scales assessed psychosocial and clinical characteristics for each patient at admission (T0), discharge (T1) and follow-up (T2). Statistical analyses were performed using: multivariate logistic regression for comparing CA and VA; Friedman χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests for outcomes’ improvement. Results Being hospitalised for a psychotic crisis was the most significant predictor of CA (OR = 5.07). An outcomes’ improvement was observed from T0 to T1 in almost all psychometric tests, while from T1 to T2 only for PSP-A (useful social activities), CGI-S (severity of illness) and CGI-EI (drug's efficacy related to side effects). CA was associated to lower performances in all scales at T0, in GAF and CGI-S at T1, while no difference with VA was observed at T2. Conclusions CA and VA patients improved to a same extent during hospitalisation and follow-up, particularly in relation to social functioning. This fosters the hypothesis that communitybased MHS using a longitudinal continuity of care model might achieve recovery in a long-term perspective. Future research may benefit by considering patients’ subjective experiences and assessing long-term improvement in those who received personcentred interventions.
Celebrity drug use reporting in Indian media and its impact on drug-related online search behavior
Authors: Singh Swarndeep , Bhatia Gayatri , Sharma Pawan , Parmar Arpit 
Published: August 2021

Aim:
We aimed to examine and interpret the changes in internet search volumes for keywords representing different drug use-related themes before and after the drug use started being discussed in the Indian news media during recent celebrity drug trials.

Materials and Methods:
Data were extracted using Google Trends framework in health-related research. Search keywords were prepared under four broad themes: General interest in cannabis use, drug use being a criminal/unlawful act, help seeking for cannabis use, and help-seeking for drug-related problems. The mean relative search volume was analyzed and compared pre- and post-media discussion about celebrity drug use using SPSS V23.0.

Results:
A significant increase was noted in online search interest for keywords related to themes of general interest in cannabis use and drug use being a criminal/unlawful act once the media discussion on the celebrity drug use started. However, no corresponding increase was noted in online search interest for themes of help seeking for drug-related problems in general and cannabis use in particular.

Conclusion:
Media discussions on celebrity drug use may impact the online search behavior of the general public adversely. There is an need to develop and adhere to drug use reporting guidelines by media professionals.
Epidemiological Profile, Clinical, Paraclinical, and Evolutionary of Adult Autoimmune Cytopenia Cases in East of Algeria
Authors: Chettoum Aziez , Guedri Kamilia , Djerrou Zouhir , Khatabi Latifa , Boudjerda Saida , Djeffali Roumeissa 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
Peripheral autoimmune cytopenia is defined by the immune-mediated destruction of hematological cell lines, including platelets, red blood cells, white cells (neutrophils), and multi-line destruction, called Evans syndrome.

METHODS:
Our retrospective study includes 59 patients admitted to the hematology service in Constantine Regional Military University Hospital during a period of 10 years (2010–2019) with the aim of specifying the epidemiological, clinical and biological characteristics as well as the characteristics therapy of adult autoimmune cytopenia in eastern Algeria region.

RESULTS:
Through this study, it can be noted that immunological thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most frequent of cytopenia 79.33% (47 cases) followed by autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHAI) by 20.34% (11 cases). The average age for ITP is 52.04 ± 5.78 years with a male predominance and a gender F/M ratio of 0.81. People over the age of 60 were the most affected. The diagnosis is evoked in the presence of a hemorrhagic syndrome in 51.06% of cases. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 g/l) is found in all our patients. Of the 24 cases with hemorrhagic syndrome, 83.33% have thrombocytopenia <30 g/l. The average age for AHAI is 46.92 ± 10.16 years with a gender F/M ratio of 0.71. The diagnosis is evoked in the presence of an anemic syndrome in 91.66% of cases. Anemia is found in all our patients, with an average hemoglobin level of 7.56 ± 0.95 g/dl. Direct positive test in 66.67% of cases. The markers of hemolysis remain mainly disrupted by the haptoglobin which is reduced with an average rate of 0.06 g/l.

CONCLUSION:
Peripheral autoimmune cytopenia is rare; we can remember that in our context ITP is the most frequent of autoimmune cytopenia in adults. It's a pathology that affects both sexes with a male predominance. In the AHAI, we have noticed a slight male predominance. Its main clinical manifestation is anemic syndrome and corticosteroids are the first-line treatment in both types ITP and AHAI.