bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of exposure to oestrous ewes on rams’ sexual behaviour, testosterone secretion and ability to stimulate ovulation in seasonal anoestrous ewes
Authors: Rosa H. J. D. , Bryant M. J. 
Published: November 2021

The proportion of seasonal anoestrous ewes that ovulate in response to the introduction of rams has long been thought to be influenced by pheromone production by the rams (Watson and Radford, 1960). More recently the role of the sexual behaviour of the rams as a source of ewe stimulation has been demonstrated (Perkins and Fitzgerald, 1994). The present study investigated the hypothesis that the exposure of rams to ewes in oestrus can enhance rams’ sexual behaviour and consequently improve the efficacy of the ram effect.Sixteen groups of 16 anoestrous ewes, described as the experimental ewes, were randomly allocated to 4 treatments and 4 periods. Treatments were as follows; ewes introduced to 2 rams (R), ewes introduced to 2 rams and 4 oestrous ewes (RE), ewes introduced to 2 rams recendy exposed to 4 oestrous ewes (ER) and ewes introduced to 2 rams recently exposed to 4 oestrous ewes plus a further 4 oestrous ewes (ERE). Treatments were replicated 4 times (4 periods) with 2-week intervals starting on 4 July. Another group of 16 ewes remained isolated from rams during the course of the experiment (C).
Influence of source of methionine and protection technology on the post ruminal delivery and supply to the blood of dairy cows of an oral supplement of methionine
Authors: Robert J-C. , Williams P.E.V. , Bouza B. 
Published: November 2021

Rumen protected forms of methionine have been developed to facilitate rationing of dairy cows in term of digestible methionine. It is essential for rumen protected products that the proportion of the amino acid that resists ruminal degradation as well as the proportion available in the intestine is known. Methods based on the concentration of amino acid in blood have been developed to provide fast and effective assessment of protection / release coefficients. The objective of this trial was to test the efficiency with which four different sources of methionine could deliver methionine to the blood of dairy cows.Two multiparous Friesian Holstein cows fitted with rumen and duodenal canulae and in their 10th week of lactation were used. They received a ration composed of corn silage ad libitum, soybean meal (2.5 kg/head/day) and concentrate (6.5 kg/head/day).
Plasma copper and cobalt metabolism of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and sheep grazing the same upland pasture
Authors: Illingworth D.V. , Jackson D.W. , Fraser M.D. , Telfer S.B. 
Published: November 2021

Previous work has suggested that assessing the trace element status of South American camelids (llamas) using cattle or sheep plasma values as reference norms could lead to incorrect diagnoses of sufficiency /deficiency (Illingworth et al.,1997). However there are no previous accounts of a direct comparison of the trace mineral status between a species of camelid and a conventional ruminant. This study directly compares the blood copper and cobalt status of guanacos and sheep grazing the same typical upland Agrostis / Festuca spp. dominated pasture.Blood samples were obtained in May 1996 from the tail vessels of 10 mature, captive bred guanaco castrates and 9 mature barren ewes (Merino x Welsh Mountain) which had grazed the same upland pasture for 6 weeks with ad libitum access to trace mineral blocks (Wright Block - Standard) which both species were observed to consume.
Ionospheric Electrodynamic Response to Solar Flares in September 2017
Authors: Chen Junjie , Lei Jiuhou , Wang Wenbin , Liu Jing , Maute Astrid , Qian Liying , Zhang Ruilong , Dang Tong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractsIn this work, the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model is used to investigate the responses of ionospheric electrodynamic processes to the solar flares at the flare peaks and the underlying physical mechanisms on September 6 and 10, 2017. Simulations show that solar flares increased global daytime currents and reduced the eastward electric fields during the daytime from the equator to middle latitudes. Furthermore, westward equatorial electric fields and equatorial counter electrojets occurred in the early morning. At the flare peak, these electrodynamic responses are predominantly related to the enhanced E‐region conductivity by flares, as the responses of neutral winds and F‐region conductivity to flares are negligible. Specifically, the Cowling conductance enhancement is not the major process causing the reduction of zonal electric fields. This electric field reduction is primarily associated with the decrease of the ratio between the field line‐integrated wind‐driven currents and the conductance. The flare‐induced conductivity enhancement is larger but the background wind speed is smaller in the E‐region than in the F‐region, as a result, the increase of total integrated wind‐driven currents is less than the conductance enhancement.
The Magmatic Architecture of Continental Flood Basalts I: Observations From the Deccan Traps
Authors: Mittal Tushar , Richards Mark A. , Fendley Isabel M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlood basalts are some of the largest magmatic events in Earth history, with intrusion and eruption of millions of km3 of basaltic magma over a short time period (∼1–5 Ma). A typical continental flood basalt (CFB) is emplaced in hundreds of individual eruptive episodes lasting decades to centuries with lava flow volumes of 103–104 km3. These large volumes have logically led to CFB models invoking large magma reservoirs (–105 km3) within the crust or at Moho depth. Since there are currently no active CFB provinces, we must rely on observations of past CFBs with varying degrees of surface exposure to develop and test models. In the last few decades, significant improvements in geochronological, geochemical, paleomagnetic, volcanological, and paleo‐proxy measurements have provided high‐resolution constraints on CFB eruptive tempo ‐ the volume, duration, and frequency of individual eruptive episodes. Using the well‐studied Deccan Traps as an archetype for CFB systems, we compile multiple lines of evidence–geochronology, eruption tempo, dike spatial distribution, intrusive‐extrusive ratio, geochemical variations, and volcanological observations–to assess the viability of previous models. We find that the presence of just a few large crustal magma reservoirs is inconsistent with these constraints. Although observations from the Deccan Traps primarily motivate our model, we discuss constraints from other CFBs to illustrate that this conclusion may be broadly applicable for CFB magmatic systems in general.
Carbonate Mineralogy in Mantle Peridotites of the Atlantis Massif (IODP Expedition 357)
Authors: Ternieten Lotta , Früh‐Green Gretchen L. , Bernasconi Stefano M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPetrographic and major element investigations of carbonates from seven drill cores recovered during IODP Expedition 357 on the Atlantis Massif (AM) provide information on the genesis of carbonate minerals in the oceanic lithosphere. Textural sequences and mineralogical assemblages reveal three distinct types of carbonate occurrences in ultramafic rocks that are controlled by (a) fluid composition and flow, (b) temperature, and (c) the presence of mafic intrusions. The first occurrence of carbonate consists of different generations of calcite that formed syn‐ to post‐ serpentinization. These calcites formed at temperatures between 30 and 184°C (based on clumped isotope thermometry) and from a fluid influenced by interaction with mafic intrusions. The second occurrence consists of magnesite, dolomite, calcite, and aragonite veins that also formed syn‐ to post serpentinization. These carbonates formed at temperatures between ambient and 196°C, from fluids with highly variable FeO, MnO, and SrO composition and Mg/Ca ratios, but overall high CO2 and moderate SiO2 concentrations. High FeO (3.3 wt%) and MnO (7.3 wt%) contents indicate high temperatures, high water/rock ratios, and low oxygen fugacity for both carbonate assemblages. The third occurrence consists solely of aragonite veins formed at low temperatures (<9°C) within the uplifted serpentinized peridotites. Major element analyses suggest that aragonite precipitated from seawater, which experienced little interaction with the basement. Combining these results, we propose a model that positions different carbonate occurrences in a conceptual framework considering mafic domains in the peridotites and fluid heterogeneities during progressive exhumation and alteration of the AM.
Seasonal Variations and Driving Factors of the Eastern Maine Coastal Current
Authors: Li Denghui , Wang Zhengui , Xue Huijie , Thomas Andrew C. , Pettigrew Neal , Yund Philip O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo investigate the coastal current in the Gulf of Maine (GoME) and its relation to forcing from outside of the gulf, a high‐resolution circulation model was developed and validated. Our model shows that the Eastern Maine Coastal Current (EMCC) possesses two cores, an offshore and a nearshore core that peak in summer and spring, respectively. The two cores can be traced back to outflows from the Bay of Fundy from opposite sides of Grand Manan Island, and both cores are deeper and slightly more onshore in summer and fall in response to tidal mixing, surface thermal stratification and wind. The two cores merge south of Pleasant Bay, then split into two branches again east of Mount Desert Rock, where the nearshore branch flows along the coast, while the offshore branch turns southward to recirculate in the eastern GoME. Subject to variations of Scotian Shelf Water and Slope Water (SW) inflows, the offshore veering occurs further upstream (northeastward) in late winter and summer, but gradually shifts downstream (southwestward) from summer to winter. Diagnosis of momentum balance demonstrates that the EMCC is primarily driven by the pressure gradient force (PG), of which the barotropic PG is dominant and offshore, while the baroclinic PG is onshore and increases with depth. The large baroclinic PG at depths, modulated by SW, that is, blended by tidal mixing, offsets the barotropic PG. Near the surface, the barotropic PG is nearly balanced by the Coriolis force, forming the geostrophic EMCC.
Prediction of Streamflow Recession Curves in Gauged and Ungauged Basins
Authors: Singh Shailesh Kumar , Griffiths George A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrediction of the time for perennial outflow from a natural basin to recede from the mean to some low flow value is an important practical and difficult problem in water resource management. This study aims to gain further understanding of this complex problem and to put forward new practical and accurate methods for predicting flow recessions between nominated limits in both gauged and ungauged basins. For a gauged basin, a three parameter recession model is employed to estimate the recession time, from day‐to‐day, as flow recedes from mean flow using previously measured site recession curves and a library of recession curve shapes generated by the RObust Parameter Estimation algorithm. The model is tested using data from 10 New Zealand basins which are diverse in low flow hydrological behavior and yields a Median Absolute Error (MAE) of 1 day. Another new model is also developed to predict recession time in an ungauged basin using catchment characteristics and information from master recession curves in a suite of 10 reference basins geologically and hydrologically similar to the ungauged basin, as assessed by a Random Forest model. Model performance is robust with a MAE of 1 day and the models advance the use of past flow records to enable more accurate predictions to be obtained. They can be applied elsewhere with confidence although further testing is desirable.
Intertwined Eco‐Morphodynamic Evolution of Salt Marshes and Emerging Tidal Channel Networks
Authors: Geng Liang , D'Alpaos Andrea , Sgarabotto Alessandro , Gong Zheng , Lanzoni Stefano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe formation and development of tidal channels and salt marshes are controlled by complex interactions between hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and vegetation dynamics. Tidal channels affect and, at the same time, are affected by the growth of salt marshes fringing them. The coupled evolution of these morphological units, mediated by vegetation growth, is thus a key ingredient for simulating the behavior of tidal environments. Considering these two factors, we developed a mathematical model to investigate the eco‐morphodynamic evolution of intertidal areas fringing a main channel and of the tidal creeks cutting through them. Model results indicate that vegetation promotes the development of channel networks, leading to more complex channel structures and higher drainage efficiency. Vegetation encroachment influences sediment deposition patterns by trapping sediment in the seaward and middle intertidal areas, while reducing the amount of sediment delivered to landward areas. In the presence of sea level rise, this deficit of sediment enhances the landward‐decreasing trend of the intertidal platform and leads to more isolated vegetation patches. Overall, sea level rise restricts the extension of salt marshes and consequently reduces the effect of vegetation on channel network form and function.
A functional variant of SHARPIN confers increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Asanomi Yuya , Shigemizu Daichi , Akiyama Shintaro , Miyashita Akinori , Mitsumori Risa , Hara Norikazu , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Niida Shumpei , Ozaki Kouichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLate-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia, and its pathogenesis is multifactorial. We previously reported a rare functional variant of SHARPIN (rs572750141, NP_112236.3:p.Gly186Arg) that was significantly associated with LOAD. In addition, several recent studies have suggested the potential role of SHARPIN in AD pathogenesis. In this study, we sought to identify additional functional variants of SHARPIN in Japanese population. Six highly deleterious variants of SHARPIN, comprising four missense variants, one frameshift variant, and one stop-gain variant were detected from whole-genome sequencing data for 180 patients with LOAD and 184 with mild cognitive impairment. One of these candidate variants (rs77359862, NP_112236.3:p.Arg274Trp) was significantly associated with an increased risk of LOAD in 5043 LOAD cases and 11984 controls (P = 0.0016, odds ratio = 1.43). Furthermore, this variant SHARPIN showed aberrant cellular localization and reduced the activation of NF-κB, a central mediator of inflammatory and immune responses. Further investigation of the physiologic role of SHARPIN may reveal the mechanism of onset of LOAD.
Tbx1, a gene encoded in 22q11.2 copy number variant, is a link between alterations in fimbria myelination and cognitive speed in mice
Authors: Hiramoto Takeshi , Sumiyoshi Akira , Yamauchi Takahira , Tanigaki Kenji , Shi Qian , Kang Gina , Ryoke Rie , Nonaka Hiroi , Enomoto Shingo , Izumi Takeshi , Bhat Manzoor A. , Kawashima Ryuta , Hiroi Noboru 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCopy number variants (CNVs) have provided a reliable entry point to identify the structural correlates of atypical cognitive development. Hemizygous deletion of human chromosome 22q11.2 is associated with impaired cognitive function; however, the mechanisms by which the CNVs contribute to cognitive deficits via diverse structural alterations in the brain remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the cellular basis of the link between alterations in brain structure and cognitive functions in mice with a heterozygous deletion of Tbx1, one of the 22q11.2-encoded genes. Ex vivo whole-brain diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI)–magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Tbx1 heterozygous mice indicated that the fimbria was the only region with significant myelin alteration. Electron microscopic and histological analyses showed that Tbx1 heterozygous mice exhibited an apparent absence of large myelinated axons and thicker myelin in medium axons in the fimbria, resulting in an overall decrease in myelin. The fimbria of Tbx1 heterozygous mice showed reduced mRNA levels of Ng2, a gene required to produce oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Moreover, postnatal progenitor cells derived from the subventricular zone, a source of oligodendrocytes in the fimbria, produced fewer oligodendrocytes in vitro. Behavioral analyses of these mice showed selectively slower acquisition of spatial memory and cognitive flexibility with no effects on their accuracy or sensory or motor capacities. Our findings provide a genetic and cellular basis for the compromised cognitive speed in patients with 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion.
Multi-omics of human plasma reveals molecular features of dysregulated inflammation and accelerated aging in schizophrenia
Authors: Campeau Anaamika , Mills Robert H. , Stevens Toer , Rossitto Leigh-Ana , Meehan Michael , Dorrestein Pieter , Daly Rebecca , Nguyen Tanya T. , Gonzalez David J. , Jeste Dilip V. , Hook Vivian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSchizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric illness that detrimentally affects a significant portion of the worldwide population. Aging of schizophrenia patients is associated with reduced longevity, but the potential biological factors associated with aging in this population have not yet been investigated in a global manner. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study assesses proteomics and metabolomics profiles in the plasma of subjects afflicted with schizophrenia compared to non-psychiatric control patients over six decades of life. Global, unbiased analyses of circulating blood plasma can provide knowledge of prominently dysregulated molecular pathways and their association with schizophrenia, as well as features of aging and gender in this disease. The resulting data compiled in this study represent a compendium of molecular changes associated with schizophrenia over the human lifetime. Supporting the clinical finding of schizophrenia’s association with more rapid aging, both schizophrenia diagnosis and age significantly influenced the plasma proteome in subjects assayed. Schizophrenia was broadly associated with prominent dysregulation of inflammatory and metabolic system components. Proteome changes demonstrated increased abundance of biomarkers for risk of physiologic comorbidities of schizophrenia, especially in younger individuals. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular etiology of schizophrenia and its associated comorbidities throughout the aging process.
Assigning the right credit to the wrong action: compulsivity in the general population is associated with augmented outcome-irrelevant value-based learning
Authors: Shahar Nitzan , Hauser Tobias U. , Moran Rani , Moutoussis Michael ,   NSPN consortium,   Principal investigators, Bullmore Edward , Dolan Raymond J. , Goodyer Ian , Fonagy Peter , Jones Peter ,   NSPN (funded) staff, Moutoussis Michael , Hauser Tobias , Neufeld Sharon , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Clair Michelle St , Vértes Petra , Whitaker Kirstie , Inkster Becky , Prabhu Gita , Ooi Cinly , Toseeb Umar , Widmer Barry , Bhatti Junaid , Villis Laura , Alrumaithi Ayesha , Birt Sarah , Bowler Aislinn , Cleridou Kalia , Dadabhoy Hina , Davies Emma , Firkins Ashlyn , Granville Sian , Harding Elizabeth , Hopkins Alexandra , Isaacs Daniel , King Janchai , Kokorikou Danae , Maurice Christina , McIntosh Cleo , Memarzia Jessica , Mills Harriet , O’Donnell Ciara , Pantaleone Sara , Scott Jenny , Kiddle Beatrice , Polek Ela ,   Affiliated scientists, Fearon Pasco , Suckling John , van Harmelen Anne-Laura , Kievit Rogier , Chamberlain Sam , Bullmore Edward T. , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompulsive behavior is enacted under a belief that a specific act controls the likelihood of an undesired future event. Compulsive behaviors are widespread in the general population despite having no causal relationship with events they aspire to influence. In the current study, we tested whether there is an increased tendency to assign value to aspects of a task that do not predict an outcome (i.e., outcome-irrelevant learning) among individuals with compulsive tendencies. We studied 514 healthy individuals who completed self-report compulsivity, anxiety, depression, and schizotypal measurements, and a well-established reinforcement-learning task (i.e., the two-step task). As expected, we found a positive relationship between compulsivity and outcome-irrelevant learning. Specifically, individuals who reported having stronger compulsive tendencies (e.g., washing, checking, grooming) also tended to assign value to response keys and stimuli locations that did not predict an outcome. Controlling for overall goal-directed abilities and the co-occurrence of anxious, depressive, or schizotypal tendencies did not impact these associations. These findings indicate that outcome-irrelevant learning processes may contribute to the expression of compulsivity in a general population setting. We highlight the need for future research on the formation of non-veridical action−outcome associations as a factor related to the occurrence and maintenance of compulsive behavior.
Screening for pathogenic neuronal autoantibodies in serum and CSF of patients with first-episode psychosis
Authors: Theorell Jakob , Ramberger Melanie , Harrison Ruby , Mgbachi Victor , Jacobson Leslie , Waters Patrick , Erhardt Sophie , Sellgren Carl M. , Cervenka Simon , Piehl Fredrik , Irani Sarosh R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPatients with autoimmune encephalitides, especially those with antibodies to theN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), often present with prominent psychosis and respond well to immunotherapies. Although most patients progress to develop various neurological symptoms, it has been hypothesised that a subgroup of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) suffer from aforme frusteof autoimmune encephalitis. Without accurate identification, this immunotherapy-responsive subgroup may be denied disease-modifying treatments. Thirty studies addressing aspects of this hypothesis were identified in a systematic review. Amongst other shortcomings, 15/30 reported no control group and only 6/30 determined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies. To ourselves address these—and other—limitations, we investigated a prospectively ascertained clinically well-characterised cohort of 71 FEP patients without traditional neurological features, and 48 healthy controls. Serum and CSF were tested for autoantibodies against seven neuronal surface autoantigens using live cell-based assays. These identified 3/71 (4%) patient sera with weak binding to either contactin-associated protein-like 2, the NMDAR or glycine receptor versus no binding from 48 control samples (p = 0.28, Fisher’s test). The three seropositive individuals showed no CSF autoantibodies and no differences from the autoantibody-negative patients in their clinical phenotypes, or across multiple parameters of peripheral and central inflammation. All individuals were negative for CSF NMDAR antibodies. In conclusion,formes frustesof autoimmune encephalitis are not prevalent among FEP patients admitted to psychiatric care. Our findings do not support screening for neuronal surface autoantibodies in unselected psychotic patients.