bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of raster angle, build orientation, and infill density on the elastic response of 3D printed parts using finite element microstructural modeling and homogenization techniques
Authors: Gonabadi Hassan , Chen Yao , Yadav Arti , Bull Steve 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough the literature is abundant with the experimental methods to characterize mechanical behavior of parts made by fused filament fabrication 3D printing, less attention has been paid in using computational models to predict the mechanical properties of these parts. In the present paper, a numerical homogenization technique is developed to predict the effect of printing process parameters on the elastic response of 3D printed parts with cellular lattice structures. The development of finite element computational models of printed parts is based on a multi scale approach. Initially, at the micro scale level, the analysis of micro-mechanical models of a representative volume element is used to calculate the effective orthotropic properties. The finite element models include different infill densities and building/raster orientation maintaining the bonded region between the adjacent fibers and layers. The elastic constants obtained by this method are then used as an input for the creation of macro scale finite element models enabling the simulation of the mechanical response of printed samples subjected to the bending, shear, and tensile loads. Finally, the results obtained by the homogenization technique are validated against more realistic finite element explicit microstructural models and experimental measurements. The results show that, providing an accurate characterization of the properties to be fed into the macro scale model, the use of the homogenization technique is a reliable tool to predict the elastic response of 3D printed parts. The outlined approach provides faster iterative design of 3D printed parts, contributing to reducing the number of experimental replicates and fabrication costs.
Child safety programs for primary school children decrease the injury severity of dog bites
Authors: Kienesberger Bernhard , Arneitz Christoph , Wolfschluckner Vanessa , Flucher Christina , Spitzer Peter , Singer Georg , Castellani Christoph , Till Holger , Schalamon Johannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact of a prevention program regarding dog bites in children. As a consequence of our previous investigation in 2005, we have initiated a child safety program for primary school children starting January 2008 until present to teach children how to avoid dog attacks and how to behave in case of an attack. In our retrospective study, we analyzed all patients younger than 15 years presenting with dog-related injuries between 2014 and 2018. As the main indicator for success of the prevention measures taken, we have defined the severity of injury in comparison to our previous study. Out of 296 children with dog-related injuries, 212 (71.6%) had sustained a dog bite. In the vast majority (n = 195; 92%), these patients presented with minor injuries; the extremities were most commonly affected (n = 100; 47%). Injuries to the head (n = 95; 45%) and trunk (n = 18; 8%) were less frequent. The proportion of severe injuries (8%) was significantly lower compared to our previous study, where 26% of children presented with severe injuries necessitating surgical intervention, while the number of patients requiring in-hospital treatment declined from 27.5% in the period 1994–2003 to 9.0% in the period between 2014 and 2018 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Teaching of primary school children may effectively reduce the injury severity of dog bites.

What is Known:• Dog bites are a substantial healthcare problem especially in children.

What is New:• This study shows that a broad-based prevention program for primary school children can effectively decrease the severity but not the frequency of dog bite injuries in children.
Generalization of a method by Mossotti for initial orbit determination
Authors: Gronchi Giovanni F. , Baù Giulio , Rodríguez Óscar , Jedicke Robert , Moeyens Joachim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere, we revisit an initial orbit determination method introduced by O. F. Mossotti employing four geocentric sky-plane observations and a linear equation to compute the angular momentum of the observed body. We then extend the method to topocentric observations, yielding a quadratic equation for the angular momentum. The performance of the two versions is compared through numerical tests with synthetic asteroid data using different time intervals between consecutive observations and different astrometric errors. We also show a comparison test with Gauss’s method using simulated observations with the expected cadence of the VRO–LSST telescope.
Conditioning surface-based geological models to well data using artificial neural networks
Authors: Titus Zainab , Heaney Claire , Jacquemyn Carl , Salinas Pablo , Jackson MD , Pain Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSurface-based modelling provides a computationally efficient approach for generating geometrically realistic representations of heterogeneity in reservoir models. However, conditioning Surface-Based Geological Models (SBGMs) to well data can be challenging because it is an ill-posed inverse problem with spatially distributed parameters. To aid fast and efficient conditioning, we use here SBGMs that model geometries using parametric, grid-free surfaces that require few parameters to represent even realistic geological architectures. A neural network is trained to learn the underlying process of generating SBGMs by learning the relationship between the parametrized SBGM inputs and the resulting facies identified at well locations. To condition the SBGM to these observed data, inverse modelling of the SBGM inputs is achieved by replacing the forward model with the pre-trained neural network and optimizing the network inputs using the back-propagation technique applied in training the neural network. An analysis of the uncertainties associated with the conditioned realisations demonstrates the applicability of the approach for evaluating spatial variations in geological heterogeneity away from control data in reservoir modelling. This approach for generating geologically plausible models that are calibrated with observed well data could also be extended to other geological modelling techniques such as object- and process-based modelling.
(In)civility and adolescents’ moral decision making online: drawing on moral theory to advance digital citizenship education
Authors: Harrison Tom , Polizzi Gianfranco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article draws on moral theory to advance digital citizenship education and explore how adolescents aged 13–16 make decisions when confronted with incivility, such as cyberbullying, on social media. Given the extent to which digital citizenship education may be approached in line with deontological (rules), utilitarian (consequences) and/or virtue ethical (character) theories, we argue that it is important to know which of these underpin adolescents’ moral decision making online. To address this question, this article reports findings from a survey completed by 1947 13–16 year olds in England. Chi-square tests, binary logistic regressions and other exploratory analysis showed that most 13–16 year-olds use virtue ethical reasons to justify moral actions. We conclude that if online incivility is to be reduced, policymakers, educators and parents should focus more on virtue- and character-based approaches to digital citizenship education.
FSH levels and testicular volumes are associated with the severity of testicular histopathology in men with non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Kavoussi Parviz K. , Hudson Kayla , Machen G. Luke , Barsky Maya , Lebovic Dan I. , Kavoussi Shahryar K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess a potential association between FSH levels and testicular volumes with the severity of testicular histopathology on testicular biopsy in men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoing microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE).

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed from the electronic health records of men who underwent microTESE with NOA.

Results
Eighty-six men with NOA underwent microTESE with concomitant testicular biopsy for permanent section to assess the testicular cellular architecture. The histopathological patterns were categorized by severity indicating the odds of sperm retrieval into 2 categories. The unfavorable category included Sertoli cell only pattern and early maturation arrest (n = 50) and the favorable category included late maturation arrest and hypospermatogenesis patterns (n = 36). In the men with unfavorable histopathologic patterns, the mean FSH level was 22.9 ± 16.6 IU/L, and the mean testicular volume was 10.4 ± 6.0 cc. This was in comparison to men with favorable histopathologic patterns revealing a mean FSH level of FSH 13.3 ± 12.0 with a mean testicular volume of 13.3 ± 5.9 cc. There was a statistically significant higher FSH level in men with unfavorable histopathology than favorable (p = 0.004) as well as a significant smaller mean testicular volume in men with unfavorable histopathology (p = 0.029).

Conclusions
Higher serum FSH levels and smaller testicular volumes are associated with more severe testicular histopathological patterns in men with NOA.
Academic Reform in Fractured Disciplines – On the Interaction of Bologna, New-Public-Management and the Dynamics of Disciplinary Development
Authors: Grunert Cathleen , Ludwig Katja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAt the intersection of science studies and higher education research, this contribution looks at the way in which the requirements of universities as organizations release development dynamics in academic disciplines and it analyses the interaction between discipline and organization. We will analyse German educational science, bearing in mind it is an example of disciplines that are fractured and consequently have little consensus in terms of fundamental theories and basic concepts. Firstly, we take on a quantitative approach and analyse the changes in degree courses at the structural level and the symbolic boundaries or conceptual distinctions following the transition to the Bachelor and Master system. Secondly, we take a close look at the negotiating processes and practices, as well as at the disciplinary orientations that determine these boundary shifts, using a qualitative approach that focuses on the actors. In group discussions with representatives of the German educational science at different universities it stood out that actors involved in course design are compelled to find an equilibrium between the demands of the discipline and those of the organization, and do so in very different ways. Finally, we discuss the extent to which close interaction between higher education reforms and academic disciplines can be figured out, particularly for disciplines seen as fractured and which do not have consensual common disciplinary standards.
LSB steganography detection in monochromatic still images using artificial neural networks
Authors: Miranda Julián D. , Parada Diego J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEmbedding graphic content in multimedia through steganography is a useful and fast practice to hide information. However, detecting the use of this technique is complex and sometimes unsuccessful because variations are not visually perceptible. This article proposes the use of a binary classification model based on artificial neural networks to detect the presence of LSB steganography on monochromatic still images of 256x256 and 8 bits, based on the Standford Genome Project. The steganograms were generated by varying the payload from 0.1 to 0.5 to obtain image pairs of carriers and steganograms. For each steganogram, the following features were extracted from image histograms: kurtosis, skewness, standard deviation, range, median, harmonic mean, Hjorth mobility, and complexity. The results show that the classifier reaches a 91.45% accuracy in detecting LSB steganography when learning from all payloads, as well as a 96.78% individual classification accuracy in the best case with a payload of 0.5.
New relaxed stability and stabilization conditions for both discrete and differential linear repetitive processes
Authors: Boski Marcin , Maniarski Robert , Paszke Wojciech , Rogers Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe paper develops new results on stability analysis and stabilization of linear repetitive processes. Repetitive processes are a distinct subclass of two-dimensional (2D) systems, whose origins are in the modeling for control of mining and metal rolling operations. The reported systems theory for them has been applied in other areas such iterative learning control, where, uniquely among 2D systems based designs, experimental validation results have been reported. This paper uses a version of the Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov Lemma to develop new less conservative conditions for stability in terms of linear matrix inequalities, with an extension to control law design. Differential and discrete dynamics are analysed in an unified manner, and supporting numerical examples are given.
Generation of test matrices with specified eigenvalues using floating-point arithmetic
Authors: Ozaki Katsuhisa , Ogita Takeshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns test matrices for numerical linear algebra using an error-free transformation of floating-point arithmetic. For specified eigenvalues given by a user, we propose methods of generating a matrix whose eigenvalues are exactly known based on, for example, Schur or Jordan normal form and a block diagonal form. It is also possible to produce a real matrix with specified complex eigenvalues. Such test matrices with exactly known eigenvalues are useful for numerical algorithms in checking the accuracy of computed results. In particular, exact errors of eigenvalues can be monitored. To generate test matrices, we first propose an error-free transformation for the product of three matrices YSX. We approximate S by ${S^{\prime }}$

S

′

to compute ${YS^{\prime }X}$
Y

S

′

X
without a rounding error. Next, the error-free transformation is applied to the generation of test matrices with exactly known eigenvalues. Note that the exactly known eigenvalues of the constructed matrix may differ from the anticipated given eigenvalues. Finally, numerical examples are introduced in checking the accuracy of numerical computations for symmetric and unsymmetric eigenvalue problems.
Understanding stressor–strain relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of social support, adjustment to remote work, and work–life conflict
Authors: van Zoonen Ward , Sivunen Anu , Blomqvist Kirsimarja , Olsson Thomas , Ropponen Annina , Henttonen Kaisa , Vartiainen Matti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how the transition to remote work during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is experienced by employees. We investigate to what extent perceived work stressors relate to psychological strain through perceptions of social support, work–life conflict, and adjustment to remote work. The findings expound the mechanisms underlying psychological strain in the context of sudden organizational change. Specifically, this study shows that both challenge stressors and hindrance stressors have negative impact on adjustment to remote work, whereas hindrance stressors are more strongly negatively related to social support. The study further demonstrates that there is hardly any buffering impact of job control, work structuring, and communication technology use on the implications of these work stressors. These findings contribute to our theoretical understanding and provide actionable implications for organizational policies in facilitating employees' adaptation to remote work.
MANY FINITE-DIMENSIONAL LIFTING BUNDLE GERBES ARE TORSION
Authors: ROBERTS DAVID MICHAEL 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany bundle gerbes are either infinite-dimensional, or finite-dimensional but built using submersions that are far from being fibre bundles. Murray and Stevenson [‘A note on bundle gerbes and infinite-dimensionality’, J. Aust. Math. Soc.90(1) (2011), 81–92] proved that gerbes on simply-connected manifolds, built from finite-dimensional fibre bundles with connected fibres, always have a torsion
$DD$
-class. I prove an analogous result for a wide class of gerbes built from principal bundles, relaxing the requirements on the fundamental group of the base and the connected components of the fibre, allowing both to be nontrivial. This has consequences for possible models for basic gerbes, the classification of crossed modules of finite-dimensional Lie groups, the coefficient Lie-2-algebras for higher gauge theory on principal 2-bundles and finite-dimensional twists of topological K-theory.
Manufacturers’ perceptions of the decision-making process for new drug reimbursement in South Korea
Authors: Son Kyung-Bok , Park Sylvia , You Myoungsoon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate manufacturers’ perceptions of the decision-making process for new drug reimbursement and to formulate implications in operating a health technology assessment system. In 2019, we conducted a questionnaire survey and a semistructured group interview for domestic (n = 6) and foreign manufacturers (n = 9) who had vast experience in introducing new medicines into the market through a health technology assessment. Representatives of manufacturers indicated that disease severity, budget impact, existence of alternative treatment, and health-related quality of life were relevant criteria when assessing reimbursement decisions. Compared with domestic manufacturers, foreign manufacturers were risk takers when making reimbursement decisions in terms of adopting a new drug and managing pharmaceutical expenditure. However, foreign manufacturers were risk-averse when evaluating new drugs with uncertainties based on real-world data such as clinical effectiveness. Based on manufacturers’ perceptions of the decision-making process for new drug reimbursement, there is room for improvement in health technology assessment systems. Explaining the underlying reasons behind their decisions, unbiased participation by various stakeholders and their embedded roles in the decision-making process need to be emphasized. However, the measures suggested in this study should be introduced with cautions. The process of health technology assessment might be a target for those who undermine the system in pursuit of their private interests.
In vitro embryo production from early antral follicles of goats fed with a whole full-fat linseed based diet
Authors: Cadenas J. , Sá N.A.R. , Ferreira A.C.A. , Paes V.M. , Aguiar F.L.N. , Fernandes C.C.L , Rossetto R. , Alves B.G. , Apgar G.A. , Magalhães-Padilha D.M. , Rondina D. , Figueiredo J.R. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe present study aimed to use an in vitro follicle culture (IVFC) biotechnique as a tool to evaluate the influence of whole flaxseed as a feed supplementation in the diet on the in vitro development of caprine early antral follicles (EAFs) and further embryo production. In total, 18 adult goats were homogeneously allocated into two diet groups: Control and Flaxseed. EAFs from both experimental groups (300–400 µm) were isolated and cultured in vitro for 18 days. After IVFC, recovered cumulus–oocyte complexes were submitted to in vitro maturation, and subsequently to IVF and in vitro embryo culture. The endpoints evaluated were follicular growth and morphology, oocyte recovery rate and diameter, sperm penetration, pronuclei formation, embryo development, and estradiol production. The addition of the whole flaxseed in the diet did not affect (P > 0.05) follicular growth and diameter. A higher (P < 0.05) percentage of oocytes ≥ 110 µm was recovered from the flaxseed treatment. However, the sperm penetration rate was higher (P < 0.05) in the control treatment when compared with the flaxseed treatment, but no differences were found regarding the rate of fertilization nor cleaved embryos. In conclusion, dietary flaxseed increased the recovery rate of fully grown oocytes, but it did negatively affect the sperm penetration rate, even though there was no further effect on the cleavage rate.
Tradeoffs between fertility and child development attributes: evidence from coral bleaching in Indonesia
Authors: Chaijaroen Pasita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoral bleaching is associated with large income shocks and a substantial decrease in protein consumption among the affected fishery households in Indonesia [Chaijaroen (2019) Long-lasting income shocks and adaptations: evidence from coral bleaching in Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics136, 119–136]. According to the health and economics literature, early childhood exposures to shocks such as those from coral bleaching can have long-lasting effects on health, schooling, and other later-life outcomes. This paper explores how the mass coral bleaching in 1998 affected household decisions on fertility and child development. Using the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and a triple differences approach, results from 2000 suggest an increase in fertility and an increased likelihood of severe childhood stunting among the affected households. For comparison, rainfall shocks are associated with a decrease in fertility and smaller adverse effects on child health and schooling outcomes. This study suggests that the effects of coral bleaching might have been underestimated, and our findings yield more targeted policy recommendations on climate shock mitigation.
Assessment of the genetic diversity and population structure of apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.) germplasm of the Northwestern Himalaya using SSR markers
Authors: Wani Aijaz A. , Hussain Khalid , Zargar Showkat A. , Ahmad Faizan , Mahajan Reetika , Zargar Sajad Majeed , Khuroo Anzar A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApricot is considered an ecologically and economically important tree species of the stone-fruit crops that is widely grown in temperate regions of the world. Very few studies on apricot genetic diversity assessment have been carried out from the regions of Kashmir and Ladakh. In this backdrop, the present study was carried out to analyse the genetic diversity and population structure of 120 apricot genotypes collected from both the regions using 21 SSR markers. A total of 52 alleles were amplified with average values of marker index (MI) = 0.7084, resolving power (RP) = 2.8690, polymorphism information content (PIC) = 0.3132, Na = 2.317, Ne = 1.720,I= 0.572, Ho = 0.284, He = 0.360 and an average polymorphism of 91.2% per assay indicating high level of genetic diversity. The neighbour-joining (NJ) dendrogram generated three main clusters among selected apricot genotypes independent of their geographical locations. Interestingly, the result of the dendrogram coincides with the results of structure analysis which showed that the 120 apricot genotypes could be assigned to three (K= 3) sub-populations and the grouping of genotypes did not follow their geographical location suggesting that they share the same genetic pool. Moreover, analysis of molecular variance showed that 73% of the variation was attributed to differences within the individuals, 25% among individuals while only 2% of the variation was observed among the populations. The present study represents the most comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of apricot genotypes in Kashmir and Ladakh regions of India.