bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VIII.—The Beginnings of Poetry
Authors: Pound Louise 
Published: January 2021

Certain [Indian] societies require that each member have a special song; this song is generally of the man's own composition, although sometimes these songs are inherited from a father or a near relative who when living had been a member of the society. These individual songs are distinct from songs used in the ceremonies and regarded as the property of the society, although the members are entitled to sing them on certain occasions. When this society holds its formal meetings a part of the closing exercises consists of the simultaneous singing by all the members present of their individual songs. The result is most distressing to a listener, but there are no listeners unless by chance an outsider is present, for each singer is absorbed in voicing his own special song which is strictly his own personal affair, so that he pays no attention to his neighbour, consequently the pandemonium to which he contributes does not exist for him.The foregoing paragraph from Miss Alice 0. Fletcher's account of Indian music reads like a travesty of the accepted view of primitive song, its character and authorship. There is the familiar primitive “horde,” engaged in festal singing, without onlookers. Yet instead of collaborative composition, improvisation, and communal ownership of the ensuing “ballad,” we have individual authorship and ownership, and individual singing. This is the testimony of a specialist who has spent many years among the people of whom she writes, studying and recording their songs and their modes of composition. Easily recognizable is the homogeneous primitive group, singing in festal ceremony; but this group does not conduct itself in the way which literary historians have insisted that we should expect.
Die Aufnahme von Thomas Paines Schriften in Deutschland
Authors: Arnold Von Hans 
Published: January 2021

Es Erscheint an der Zeit, der Aufnahme von Thomas Paines Schriften in Deutschland einmal nachzugehen. Sie standen seinen deutschen Zeitgenossen nicht nur in deren eigener Sprache zur Verfügung, sondern gewannen für sie eine Bedeutung, die im allgemeinen bisher unbeachtet geblieben ist.Um dieser Bedeutung gerecht zu werden, muß die Untersuchung auch die Aufnahme unter den Deutschen in Amerika mit einschließen; denn die Wechselbeziehungen waren mannigfaltig. Sie erstreckten sich zuweilen rückwirkend auf das amerikanische Geistesleben, ja sogar—wie es vereinzelte Anhaltspunkte deutlich machen—auf Thomas Paine selbst. Als Friedrich von Gentz zur Jahrhundertwende in seinem Hislorischen Journal den Unterschied zwischen der französischen und der amerikanischen Revolution herausstellte und dabei Paines europäischen Radikalismus scharf verurteilte, traf er einen Ton, der den gemäßigten John Quincy Adams, seinerzeit Minister Plenipotentiary der Vereinigten Staaten in Berlin, so begeisterte, daß dieser von dem Essai sogleich anonym eine englische Übersetzung anfertigte und nach Philadelphia zum Drucken sandte. Wieweit sich Paine eines deutschen Widerhalls auf seine Schriften bewußt war, läßt sich genau nicht bestimmen; jedoch ist gewiß, daß sein Kontakt mit Deutschen und mit Deutschland enger war, als man bisher annehmen konnte. Seine eigenen Schriften sind irreführend, wenn er in der American Crisis mit einem Zukunftsbild von den Gefahren einer Besetzung Amerikas durch die “Hessen” aufwartet oder sich in den Rights of Man eines solchen erinnern will, der ihm berichtete, deutsche Untertanen äßen Stroh, wofern es ihr Fürst nur beföhle. Die Söldnertruppen waren schwerlich die einzigen Deutschen seines Umgangs in Amerika, und gar in Paris gab es neben dem Preußen Anacharsis Clootz genug, durch die er sich über deutsche Verhältnisse unterrichten konnte. Hier traf er Georg Forster und Carl Friedrich Cramer, und es ist wahrscheinlich, daß er von den vielen anderen Mitgliedern der deutschen Kolonie doch wenigstens die persönlich kannte, die auch in der englischen verkehrten. Jedenfalls wird die Übersetzung der einen oder anderen seiner späteren Schriften geradezu vor seinen Augen stattgefunden haben. Ja schon bei der ersten deutschen Ausgabe von Common Sense in Philadelphia hatte er möglicherweise seine Hand mit im Spiel; denn das Vorwort läßt darauf schließen, daß den Herausgebern der anonyme Autor wohlbekannt war. Eine deutsche Antwort auf Common Sense blieb schon in Amerika nicht aus; den einzigen Beweis aber, daß er nicht ganz im unklaren über die deutsche Aufnahme seiner Schriften war, liefert Paine erst viele Jahre später in Europa. In seiner Vorrede zu einer Neufassung der Rights of Man erklärt er nämlich 1794: “The Chancellor at Berlin, or the Judges at Vienna shall not punish unfortunate individuals for publishing or reading what tyranny may be pleased to call my libels upon their different States.” Er beschließt jetzt ausdrücklich: “I write for the world at large.”
Puntos de encuentro entre pensamiento crítico y metacognición para repensar la enseñanza de ética
Authors: Suárez Ruiz Ernesto Joaquín , González Galli Leonardo Martín 
Published: January 2021

La visión tradicional del pensamiento crítico (PC) fundada en un enfoque racionalista ha sido puesta en duda a partir de fines del siglo pasado por la ‘segunda ola’ del PC, la cual, a pesar de no ser un movimiento del todo definido, ha incluido aspectos como la imaginación, la creatividad y el trabajo cooperativo en su comprensión y en su aplicación a la enseñanza. Paralelamente, perspectivas actuales en psicología moral como el modelo ‘intuicionista social’ propuesto por Jonathan Haidt, representan un desafío al modelo racionalista de la moral que suponen gran parte de las éticas normativas canónicas. Siendo que tanto el PC como el fundamento moral representan factores fundamentales en la enseñanza de ética, se hace explicito que esta última precisa también ser revisada. Es por ello que el presente trabajo analiza una perspectiva del PC alternativa a la tradicional basada en el potencial aporte de la metacognición y del modelo intuicionista social, con el fin de abrir nuevas vías de investigación para la actualización del fundamento moral que se supone en la enseñanza de ética. Para ahondar en ello, se ejemplificará la relevancia y aplicabilidad de la metacognición en la enseñanza de ética con situaciones vinculadas a la actual pandemia por Covid-19.
The role of collaborative perception in determining procedure priorities of reconstruction (Mosul old city)
Authors: Khayat Mahmood , Sultan Raad , Muhealddin Banaz 
Published: January 2021

The call for post disaster reconstruction may look very elementary and naive, but the question is regarding, the common agreement on procedure priorities of this reconstruction, availability of sufficient premises, sharing and gathering of the available documentations of the destroyed sectors voluntarily, and to how extent may Mosul society accept 21st century technologies and built environment in reconstruction procedure, taking into consideration the local identity of the old city.
These questions may lead to the necessity for a concrete justification for any decision to be made, these decisions are to be acceptable by majority of Mosul city society, this can be done by detecting the collaborative unconscious perception for the matter of disastrous status of the destroyed old city, and available collaborative image for reconstruction procedures, to detect such an image, perception scales can be used, especially ones that were adopted to detect the rate of architecture vocabulary perception.
Finally the paper aims to be able to determine indicators that my help in establishing a road map for collaborative efforts (on both individual and institutional levels) that are accepted by the majority of Mosul People, the research started with building a theoretical framework by reviewing similar studies regarding perception, semantic differential scale and built heritage, the field survey was started by determining the survey society that represent various Mosul city social ranks, then this survey society was furnished with copies of the questionnaires, results of the survey were gathered, analyzed and discussed, coming out with a conclusion that, the results of this paper, represents indicators that my help in establishing a road map for collaborative efforts (on both individual and institutional levels) that are accepted by the majority of Mosul People.
Development of the methods of calculation of the electrical installations working operation in case of quality supply disturbance
Authors: Saeed Ismael , Sheikhyounis Kamal 
Published: January 2021

This paper proposes a method of calculating of asymmetrical modes of operation of electrical installations where simple and adequate loads equivalent circuits are available with working electrical equipment. So the mathematical model of equation system is derived as universal way for calculating the systems operating modes when it is subjected to a disturbance due to asymmetry. With the help of the obtained model we can calculate different cases of symmetry disturbances, all types of short circuits, between phase short circuits, any type of longitudinal asymmetry, open circuits when there is a resistance for the fault current at the place of damage
In the given method, specific types of asymmetry are considered as particular cases and easily calculated from the generalized formula, which is essentially reduces the calculation and allows us to consider cases of asymmetry of any complexity. Therefore this method is offered as a basic for calculation of asymmetry when the system is subjected to a disturbance.
Effects of Traffic Violation and Demographic Characteristics on Traffic Safety in Sulaymaniyah City
Authors: Muhamad Burhan , Karim Hardy , Ahmed Hemn 
Published: January 2021

One of the major causes to increase traffic accidents is traffic violations from drivers that occur on road networks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of traffic violation and demographic characteristics of the drivers on the traffic safety in Sulaymaniyah urban street networks. A questionnaire survey approach was used to collect data from 244 drivers; 143 male and 101 female drivers. The questionnaire form included ten questions; six of the questions were related to the traffic violations types and four of them were related to the demographic parameters of the drivers. Each of the drivers answer scored on a six-point Likert scale (1 = never, to 6 = almost always).Statistical Minitab 16 software was used to statistically evaluate the data and compare the scores using z-test, then obtain the descriptive statistics. There were significant differences between the violation scores from male and female drivers. It was realized that the male drivers drive their vehicles in more violative manner than female drivers because male drivers had higher scores in all types of the moving vehicle violations and overall violations compared to female drivers. The female drivers had a smaller number of accidents, age, and travelling distance than male drivers. The old age drivers do fewer violations than young drivers. Drivers having high travelling distance per week do more violations than drivers having less driving distance per week. The overall violation score correlates with the age of drivers (rs = 0.247), number of accidents (rs = 0.265). All types of the violation measurements are highly correlated with the overall average value of the violation. However, the overall value of the violation score for all of the drivers was 18.1 out of 100. Efforts should be spent by traffic police to reduce number of traffic accidents and improving efficiency of the traffic flows in Sulaymaniyah City for the street networks. Rather than stopping traffic police on intersections, it is preferred to traffic police observe the drivers’ violation on the streets during driving. Regarding to the driving license, traffic police can concentrate more to male and young drivers.
CALCULATION OF THE DIGITAL TWIN OF THE SALES FUNNEL
Authors: Sergeev S. M. , Barykin S. E. , Ostrovskaya N. V. , Yadykin V. K. 
Published: January 2021

Commercial activity has always been influenced by the competitive environment and its spread to the online space is the next stage of development and a defining trend for the nearest time horizon. The changes in the business landscape influenced by COVID19 pose new challenges for marketers and entrepreneurs. It is necessary to use the forced sharp increase in online interaction with consumers. The course towards the digital economy determines the use of scientific, mathematical methods to optimize the target indicators of economic activity. These global shifts in business interactions are generating innovative tools for measuring business results and transforming old practices to meet new market realities. This is the basic condition for the sustainability of doing business in any industry. This study is devoted to the development of a theoretical description of the process of multi-stage interaction with a consumer pool. To solve this problem, a mathematical model has been developed, the basis of which is digital information interaction, starting from the stage of determining the target audience and ending with the complete completion of a commercial transaction. This article presents the results of modeling sales funnel, as the basis for the software of a modern market analyst, using a cross-system approach. In contrast to the classical sales funnel, the presented algorithms allow using the multidimensional conversion funnel not only for assessing business results for the reporting period. Thanks to the flow of model arguments in real time, it becomes possible to optimize the business process by moving to the concept of leading economic indicators.In practice, this means the ability to implement effective business planning on digital platforms. The arguments of the mathematical model are Internet statistics, the dynamics of consumer preferences, the history of the business process accumulated in the big data system. At the same time, the means of queuing theory, differential calculus, economic and mathematical modeling are involved, based on indicators such as KPI (Key Performance Indicators), CTR (click-through rate), CR (Conversion rate). This made it possible to formulate the concept of a digital twin of a commercial process and its transformation, convenient for practical applications, into a conversion funnel for embedding into algorithms implemented on a computer.
El hechizo de Sevilla de Ambrosio Arce de los Reyes = Ambrosio Arce de los Reyes' El hechizo de Sevilla
Authors: Domínguez Elisa María 
Published: January 2021

Ambrosio Arce de los Reyes fue un poeta y dramaturgo que vivió en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. El hechizo de Sevilla es una comedia de cautivos con un referente histórico –literario, que es el trasunto de una realidad de la época. La comedia presenta dos temas: el amoroso y el del cautiverio; este último está contemplado bajo dos vertientes: una, la versión fiel del término, es decir, lo que supone ser prisionero en tierra extraña y, otra más libre, el cautiverio del alma, ya que todos los personajes, en mayor o menor medida, están oprimidos por sus fracasos, ataduras sociales y morales propias de la época que les ha tocado vivir. Ambrosio Arce de los Reyes was a poet and playwright who lived in the first part of the 16th century. El hechizo de Sevilla is a comedy of captives with a literary-historical referent that is contemplated by means of two viewpoints: first, the faithful version of the term 'captive', that is what it means to be a prisoner in alien lands, and, second, more freely, the soul in captivity.
Unión de palabras en documentos novohispanos del siglo XVI: ¿influencias orales o tradiciones escriturales? = Union of words in novo-hispanic documents of 16th century: Oral influences or writing traditions?
Authors: Rodríguez Cortez Josafat Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

Mediante los resultados del análisis de 20 documentos del siglo XVI, este artículo muestra que la unión y separación de palabras en la escritura no sólo se debe a los tipos de letra utilizados en su época, sino a marcadas influencias lingüísticas, principalmente fonológicas. Proponemos aquí que en la escritura del español novohispano convergieron por igual motivaciones lingüísticas como extralingüísticas. Through the results of the analysis of 20 documents of 16th Century, this article shows that union and separation of words is not only due to the kind of writing used in that time, but due to remarkable linguistics influences, phonological ones mainly. We propose that in writing in Spanish from that age linguistic and extra linguistic influences converged.
Victor Frankenstein y la racionalidad instrumental = Victor Frankenstein and the instrumental rationality
Authors: Pinel Benayas Ana 
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se pretende hacer una relectura de Frankenstein o el moderno Prometeo (1818) desde la tesis planteada en la Dialéctica de la Ilustración (1944) de los filósofos Adorno y Horkheimer, intentando mostrar que Victor Frankenstein es un esclavo de la racionalidad instrumental. This article is intended to make a rereading of Frankenstein; o, The Modern Prometheus (1818) from the thesis presented in Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944) and Eclipse of Reason (1947) of the philosophers Adorno and Horkheimer, trying to prove that Victor Frankenstein is an instrumental´s rationality slave.
A clinical study of deep neck space infections
Authors: Karodpati Nayanna , Kuradagi Vinayak , Chavan Paresh , Pawar Rishikesh , Kakollu Lakshmi Sravya 
Published: January 2021

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Deep neck space infections are usually due to excessive growth of normal flora, mostly of polymicrobial in origin. Patients present acutely with complaints of, throat and neck pain, raised body temperature. The clinical presentation depends on the deep neck space affected.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Current study was carried out in 25 patients who were diagnosed to have various deep neck infections</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> It was observed that the maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 31-40 at 28%, followed by 21-30 age group at 20%, 16% each between 41-50 years and above 60 years. The male to female ratio is 1:0.78. The most common presenting complaints included fever (24 patients; 96%) and dysphagia (18 patients; 72%). 13 patients (52%) had associated systemic disease, 5 patients (20%) had history of diabetes mellitus and were on irregular treatment, 4 patients (16%) was on treatment for hypertensive. The most common infection was Ludwig’s angina seen in 13 patients (52%), followed by peritonsillar abscess 4 patients (16%). Out of 25 patients, 20 (80%) cases were treated successfully by incision and drainage. No growth was observed in 32% of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early diagnosis of deep neck space infection based on symptoms in susceptible patients is advisable to prevent complications and early recovery.</p>
Analysis of treatment satisfaction and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kalashnikova M. F. , Bondareva I. B. , Likhodey N. V. , Sych Yu. P. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Low treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hinders the effective use of anti-diabetic agents and the achievement of glycemic control, reducing their quality of life and outcomes. Assessment of treatment adherence can help to identify and manage factors and barriers that affect therapy and treatment satisfaction.Aim: To assess the treatment adherence of patients with T2DM, to identify the main barriers to adherence, and patient satisfaction with the treatment.Materials and methods: FORSIGHT-T2DM was a Russian multiregional, multicenter observational epidemiological study in 2014 patients with T2DM. The patients were assessed with the FORSIGHT- T2DM Patient Questionnaire, Moriski Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ).Results: The mean (± SD) treatment adherence estimated using the MMAS was 5.86±1.39 points. The main barriers to adherence were high treatment costs, medication side effects, forgetfulness when taking drugs, complexity of the therapy or treatment regimen. The average number of daily medications was four. There was also a lack of contact with a doctor, poor awareness of the disease and its complications. Ninety (90) per cent of the respondents trusted the recommendations from their doctors, 7.6% followed the advice of relatives or friends. The patient's choice of medication was influenced by information about its effectiveness, its cost, and reimbursement, ease of administration, and information on the absence of side effects. Seventy eight (78) per cent of the respondents were “completely” or “rather” satisfied with their treatment. About 15% of patients rated the quality of care as unsatisfactory.Conclusion: The results of the study identified an intermediate level of treatment adherence in most patients with T2DM, as well as multiple adherence barriers, including comorbidities and the need for continuous intake of various agents. Most patients showed high treatment satisfaction, which could be due to the high availability of outpatient consultations by an endocrinologist and inpatient treatment, free access to anti-diabetic medications. However, it may also be a result of biased assessment of problems due to insufficient patient awareness of the therapy goals and a low level of knowledge about their disease. To study the factors affecting the adherence to medical recommendations among patients with T2DM, it is necessary to develop a specific questionnaire for this patient category, which would allow for an evaluation both drug intake and other aspects of their comprehensive treatment, including the identification and analysis of the main barriers to adherence.
Analysis of the chain of the banana industry of Ecuador and the European market
Authors: Vaca Eduardo , Gaibor Norma , Kovács Krisztián 
Published: January 2021

Bananas are among the four main crops in the world, including wheat, rice, and corn. It is the most exported fresh fruit in the world in terms of volume and value. The European Union (EU) is the largest banana importer globally with an estimated volume share of 33%. Ecuador is the top exporter since it is responsible for one-quarter of the world banana exportation. It represents 22% of total world exports, 27% of total agricultural exports in the country and 8% of the value of all exports (including oil). The present work analyzed the chain of the banana industry of Ecuador and its position in the EU market. A non-experimental empirical method with a quantitative and qualitative approach was used supported by scholarly literature and secondary research data collection. Results obtained show that the main countries destination shipped 87.8 % of total bananas exported from Ecuador in the period of 2007 – 2017. The largest importer of Ecuadorian banana is the European Union (28.9%). In Ecuador, approximately 78% of the banana producers are small companies, by adding the medium ones 95.6% is reached. Thus, the production of bananas in the country is mainly based on the family economy. In 2019, the official banana box price for producers in Ecuador is USD 6.30. In the EU market, it can reach over USD 18.00. It suggested an unfair payment to small and medium producers.
JEL CODE: Q13, M16, M21