bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Persistent Free Radical Promotes Lung Cancer Progression Via Regulating The Expression Profile of miRNAs
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Chai Binshu , Wang Xianyi , Wu Zong , Zou Heng , Liu Yangyang , Zhang Xing , Zheng Saijing , Qian Guangren , Ma Zhongliang , Lu Jie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are generated in the combustion processes of solid waste and can cause adverse influences on human health, especially lung diseases. Lung cancer is one of the most serious malignancies in recent years, which the global deaths rate is about 1.6 million every year. However, the mechanism of EPFRs on lung cancer is still not clear. In this study, we verified that ZnO/MCB EPFRs promote cell proliferation and migration, impedes cell apoptosis in lung cancer. Furthermore, we found that ZnO/MCB could influence the expression of miRNAs (miR-18a and miR-34a). In vivo, ZnO/MCB and ZnO EPFRs can reduce the weight and survival rate of BALB/c male mice more than that of BALB/c female mice. In the ZnO/MCB exposed group, male mice lung became even smaller, while the female mice the lung increased significantly. Taken together, our results provide evidence for assessing the potential health risks of persistent free radicals on fine particles. In conclusion, this study linked toxicity of EPFRs with miRNAs revealed the potential health hazard to human lung cancer.
Classifying and Characterizing the Development of Self-Reported Quality of Life Among the Chinese Elderly: A Twelve-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Huang Xitong , Zhang Minqiang , Fang Junyan , Zeng Qing , Wang Jinqing , Li Jia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

To promote healthy aging, the information about the development of quality of life (QoL) is of great importance for health researchers and policymakers. Up to now, the longitudinal explorations of the heterogeneity in the change of QoL under the Chinese context were largely limited. The current study aimed to identify potential different development patterns of QoL and the influential factors using a large, longitudinal, and nationally representative sample of the Chinese elderly.
Methods

We adopted a five-wave longitudinal dataset from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and a total of 1,645 elderly aged 65 and over were obtained. QoL was measured using a self-report item during the longitudinal process. We utilized the conditional growth mixture model (GMM) with time-invariant covariates to explore various development patterns and associated factors.
Results

Three subgroups with distinct trajectories of self-reported QoL were identified: the High-level Steady Group (17.08%), the Mid-level Steady Group (63.10%), and the Low-level Growth Group (19.82%). Results also indicated that several factors predicted distinct trajectories of self-reported QoL. Those elderly who received enough financial resources, had adequate nutrition, did not exhibit any disability, engaged in leisure activities, and did less physical labor or housework at the baseline were more likely to report a higher level of QoL over time.
Conclusions

There existed three development patterns of self-reported QoL among the Chinese elderly, and these subgroups differed in several baseline factors. These findings provided valuable implications for the maintenance and improvement of QoL among the Chinese elderly.
Ti/TiO2/SiO2 Multilayer Thin Films With Enhanced Spectral Selectivity For Optical Applications
Authors: Mhin Sungwook , Lee Junho , Ko Deahyeon , Park Kyoung Ryeol , Kim Dongwon , Forrester Jennifer , Kim Jong Cheol , Kim Dongju 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thin film-based optical sensors have been attracting increasing interest for use in developing technologies such as biometrics. Multilayered dielectric thin films with different refractive indices have been utilized to modulate the optical properties in specific wavelength bands for spectral selectivity of Thin Film Narrow Bandpass Filters (TFNBFs). Progress in TFNBF design has been made with the incorporation of metallic thin films. Narrower bandwidths with higher transmittance have been achieved in specific spectral bands. In this work, Ti/TiO2/SiO2 based multilayer thin films were prepared using pulsed-DC reactive sputtering. Computer simulations using the Essential Macleod Program allowed the optimal number of layers and thickness of the multilayer thin films to be determined to efficiently tailor the optical path transmitting specific wavelength bands. The addition of Ti metal layers within dielectric (TiO2/SiO2) multilayer thin films significantly changes the cutoff frequency of transmittance at specific wavelengths. Representative 26 multilayer films consisting of Ti, TiO2, and SiO2 show lower transmittance of 10.29 % at 400 nm and 10.48 % at 680 nm. High transmittance of 80.42 % at 485 nm was observed, which is expected to improve the spectral selectivity of the TFNBF. This work provides a contribution to future simulation based design strategy based on experimental thin film engineering for potential industrial development opportunities such as optical biometrics.
Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Function Disturbance can be Followed by β-amyloid Accumulation
Authors: Suzuki Yuji , Nakamura Yukimi , Igarashi Hironaka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Elucidation of the mechanism of β-amyloid accumulation plays an important role in therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To elucidate the relationship between the function of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) and the production and clearance of β-amyloid, we analyzed the changes in interstitial water flow into the CSF space from the cortex and β-amyloid accumulation in the cortex by using both [15O]H2O and [18F]flutemetamol PET over a 2-year follow-up period. Methods: Twenty-five normal older adult volunteers (13 males and 12 females, 60–81 years old) participated in this 2-year follow-up PET study. Water dynamics were analyzed using two indices in [15O]H2O PET, the influx ratio (IR) and drain rate (DR), and β-amyloid accumulation was assessed qualitatively by [18F]flutemetamol PET. Results: [15O]H2O PET examinations conducted initially and after 2 years showed no significant changes in both indices over the 2-year period (IR: 1.03 ± 0.21 and 1.02 ± 0.20, DR: 1.74 ± 0.43 and 1.67 ± 0.47, respectively). In [18F]flutemetamol PET, on the other hand, one of the 25 participants showed positive results and two showed positive changes after 2 years. In these three participants, the two indices of water dynamics showed low values at both periods (IR: 0.60 ± 0.15 and 0.60 ± 0.13, DR: 1.24 ± 0.12 and 1.11 ± 0.10). Conclusions: Our results indicated that BCSFB function disturbances could be followed by β-amyloid accumulation, because the reduced interstitial flow preceded amyloid accumulation in the positive-change subjects, and amyloid accumulation was not observed in the older adults with sufficiently high values for the two indices. In other words, adequate interstitial flow can potentially prevent amyloid accumulation. The current study confirms that disturbances in the proper clearance of β-amyloid by interstitial flow through the Virchow–Robin spaces into the CSF can play a significant role in senile plaque formation and ultimately the pathogenesis of AD. We believe that further elucidation of interstitial water flow will be the key to developing therapeutic strategies for AD, especially with regard to prevention.Trial registration: UMIN, UMIN000011939. Registered 1November 2013 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm
Characterization of MATE Gene Family And Its Role In Drought, Heat, And Salt Tolerance In Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Amoah Joseph Noble , Seo Yong Weon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
To explore the response of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins to drought, heat, and salt stress in wheat, a genome-wide identification and expression study was performed. 20 MATE genes located on 4 of the 12 chromosomes were identified and categorized into four (I-1V) subfamilies, based on phylogenetic analysis. Wheat MATE family expansion was primarily driven by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem events. In the same subfamily, gene exon-intron structures and motif composition are more similar. TaMATE genes had cis-acting elements that were implicated in stress and defense response. Tae-miR5175e was identified as the highly expressed miRNA that targets TaMATEs by miRNA prediction. When compared to controls, the relative expression patterns of seven TaMATE genes were substantially elevated during drought stress. TaMATE2, 10, 13, and 14 expression levels considerably elevated after 15 days (d) of heat stress, whereas TaMATE2, 14, 18, and 20 expression levels were highly upregulated following 15 d of salt stress treatment, indicating the crucial role of TaMATEs under these abiotic stress conditions. Furthermore, drought, heat, and salt stress decreased wheat water content, but increased malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and proline content, whereas the expression of the 7 putative MATE genes was correlated with physio-biochemical indicators of these stress conditions. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the complexities of MATEs and present a theoretical base for future MATE gene discovery and application in wheat and other crop species.
Liquid-film Motor: Physical Mechanism
Authors: Najafi Ali , Shirsavar Reza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A liquid film that is under the action of two electric forces, an external electric field parallel to the film and a lateral voltage difference applied to both edges of the film, exhibits a universal rotational flow. In this article, we revisit this phenomena by considering an idealized so-called liquid-film motor and provide a theoretical description of the underlying physical mechanism that is responsible for the rotation. In this theory, the external electric filed induces a non-uniform distribution of free charges on the film then the internal field, resulted mainly from the voltage difference, will exert forces on these charges and subsequently induce a rotational flow in the ambient fluid. We show, how the fields contribute in developing a universal flow pattern.
Development and Validation of Nomograms for Predicting Prognosis in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients with Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: shi xianmao , Sun Xing , Qin Xin , Su Ze , Fang Zhaoshan , Xiao Yi , Zhang Zhi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the common metastatic sites of in advanced-stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and the prognosis of ICC patients with LNM is worse than patients without it. Our study aimed to identify the prognostic factors of ICC patients with LNM, and develop an effective nomogram to quantify the prognosis of ICC patients with LNM.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the data of ICC patients between 2010 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to determine the independent predictors for LNM in patients with ICC. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify the independent prognostic factors for ICC patients with LNM. Finally, two nomograms for predicting overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were established, and the nomogram of predicting OS was evaluated by calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results. A total of 1539 patients with ICC were enrolled into our analysis, including 381 cases (24.76%) with LNM at initial diagnosis and 1158 cases (75.24%) without it. The independent risk factors for LNM in newly diagnosed ICC patients are age, T stage, and tumor size. The independent prognostic factors for ICC patients with LNM are grade, chemotherapy, and surgery of primary site. For the prognostic nomogram for OS, the AUCs of 6-, 12-, and 24-months were 0.809, 0.780, and 0.755 in the training set and 0.806, 0.780, and 0.753 in the testing set, respectively. The calibration curves and decision curve analysis indicated the good performance of the nomogram.Conclusions. The individualized nomogram could predict OS of ICC patients with LNM with good performance, which could be served as an effective tool for prognostic evaluation and individual treatment strategies optimization in ICC patients with LNM, and clinical utility may benefit for clinical decision-making.
Reliability and Durability Enhancement of Large-area Mullite-cordierite Composite Substrates for Semiconductor Probe Card
Authors: Hyun Da-Eun , Jeon Jwa-Bin , Choi Yeon-Ji , Lee Yeon-Sook , Kim Yong-Nam , Kim Minkyung , Ko Seunghoon , Koo Sang-Mo , Shin Weon Ho , Park Chulhwan , Lee Dong-Won , Oh Jong-Min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Spherical mullite (M)-cordierite (C) composite granules were prepared by spray drying the fine starting powders obtained from attrition milling to produce sintered mullite-cordierite composite pellets with a dense structure. The effects of attrition milling on the morphology, size and size distribution of the formed composite granules were investigated. The results showed that the milled starting powders formed the spherical granules with homogeneous size distribution. The composition ratio (M:C = 100:0, M:C = 90:10, M:C = 70:30, M:C = 50:50, M:C = 30:70, M:C = 0:100) and sintering temperature (1300–1450℃) were optimized to fabricate the sintered mullite-cordierite composite pellets with low thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) and excellent mechanical properties. Samples of 70 wt% mullite-30 wt% cordierite sintered at 1350℃ exhibited excellent bulk density, porosity, TEC, and flexural strength. Based on these results, a large-area mullite-cordierite composite substrate was fabricated for application in semiconductor probe card. The changes in sheet resistance and flexural strength were measured to study the influence of the environmental tests, including high temperature storage test, damp heat test, and thermal shock test, on the large-area substrate. A low rate of change in sheet resistance and flexural strength was observed. After the environmental tests, the sheet resistance and flexural strength were confirmed to be within 10% of their values prior to the tests. These results show that the fabricated mullite-cordierite composite exhibits high reliability and durability and is a suitable for semiconductor probe cards.
Does Capital Flight Affect Macroeconomic Performance in Nigeria?
Authors: Ogundipe Adebayo Tunbosun , Danladi Jonathan D , Falaye Motunrayo Helen , Oyinemi Ferdinard Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This Study examined the effect of capital flight on macroeconomic performance in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2019. It also ascertained the determinants of capital flight in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2019. The error correction model was used for this study because the unit root test revealed all variables were stationary at first difference. This study utilized secondary data obtained from the World Bank dataset. The findings showed that external debt in the current period and the first lag, external debt in the current period, foreign direct investment in the current period, current account balance in the current period, interest rate in the current period and reserves in the first lag are significant determinants of capital flight in Nigeria. Also, the study revealed that capital flight negatively affects economic growth and investment in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends amongst others that external debt and foreign direct investment should be used for productive purposes such that capital flight as a result of inflow of funds from abroad is impossible and that stable exchange rate policies should be adopted to avoid devaluation which is a determinant of capital flight in Nigeria.
Social Determinants of Malnutrition in Chilean Children Aged Under Five
Authors: Alvear-Vega Sandra , Vargas-Garrido Héctor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to ascertain the Social Determinants (SDs) of malnutrition (over and undernutrition) of Chilean children aged under five.Methods: The study was carried out using a sample of children from zero to five years old (n = 1,270,485; 52.2% female) from the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) 2017. A multinomial logistic regression model was used, where the "child nutritional status" dependent variable assumed three possible values: normal nutrition, overnutrition, and undernutrition, while taking those variables reported in previous literature as control variables.Results: The model, by default, set normal nutrition as the reference group, Count R2 = 0.81. Results show a higher likelihood of both overnutrition and undernutrition among male children from the lowest quintiles, with native ethnic backgrounds, reporting health problems, having public health insurance, and who attend kindergarten. Additionally, higher probabilities of undernutrition in younger than two and living in the north of the country, while overnutrition is more likely in the south.Conclusions: Socioeconomic variables are fundamentally related to both over and undernutrition; the current single schema program to prevent malnutrition should consider SDs such as ethnicity and geographical location, among others; moreover, successful nutritional programs—which focused on the lowest quintiles, need to be expanded to other vulnerable groups and pay more attention to overnutrition.
Effect of Mobile Phone Emissions on HD- EEG Signals and Preventive Measures
Authors: Dwivedi Rekha , Singh Singh Shakti , Rana Sunita , Jakhar Dharmendra , Kaur Kirandeep , Poddar Ajay , Tripathi Manjari 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Mobile Phones and other wi-fi devices have become an integral part of our life. Now that we have so much dependency on technology, it’s become almost impossible to extricate ourselves from this. Considering the widespread use of these devices and the public’s concerns for health and safety, it is important to find out the possible harm caused by these Radiofrequency Radiations (RFR) emitted by Mobile Phones and other wi-fi devices, ways to protect ourselves from this harm and use of technology responsibly. Many renowned agencies and researchers have completed and published several studies detailing out possible health risks associated with the exposure to Radiofrequency Radiations emitted from these devices. World Health Organization/ International Agency for Research on Cancer had classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as Group-2B, possibly carcinogen in 20111.The present study has analyzed the effect of Mobile Phone Radiations exposure on human brain activity in healthy human volunteers and the efficacy of one of the products named Envirochip which claims to reverse the impact on Brain waves when it is fixed on the Mobile Phone being used.Result: A total of 30 healthy participants were enrolled in this study, out of which, data of 29 subjects was analyzed as data of one subject was removed due to noise in the recorded data. The experiment was designed to take the EEG data with six different conditions (baseline/normal data without any device, baseline data when Mobile Phone was kept near head of the subject, date while Mobile Phone was ringing (with and without Envirochip) and data when a call was made on the Mobile Phone (with and without Envirochip). Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded for 80 minutes with five minutes interval between each condition for each subject. Cleaned data was extracted from the Net station tool and power spectrum analysis was done Conclusion: There was increased activity in the alpha, beta, theta and gamma bands of EEG during Radiofrequency exposure from Mobile Phones. Fixing the Envirochip on Mobile Phone showed statistically significant improvement in the effects of the Mobile Radiations on EEG brain activity in the alpha and theta bands. However, changes observed in gamma and beta bands were not significant statistically. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Behavior of Aluminum Alloys 2024 and 6061 in Rainwater
Authors: mahdi sahib Mohammed , Mohammed Saraa M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present work the electrochemical resistance spectroscopy behavior of aluminum alloy 2024 and 6061 in rainwater, was studied before and after solution heat treatment at room temperature (25 ° C). If the resistance decreases, the corrosion becomes faster, and vice versa. The equivalent circuits was of type Constant Phase Element (CPE) and the highest resistance value gets for alloy 2024 aged at 250 ° C for 2 hours, and the highest resistance value was for alloy 6061 aged at 250 ° C for 1 hour. As for the values ​​of capacitance, the highest amplitude value was for alloy 2024 aged at 300 ° C for two hours, and the highest value gets for capacity for alloy 6061 aged at 150 ° C for two hours.
Durable and High-efficiency Casein-derived Phosphorus-nitrogen-rich Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Xu Fang , Zhang Guangxian , Wang Peng , Dai Fangyin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A casein derivative (CADP) was synthesized using casein, which is bifunctional containing both –P=O(O-NH4+)2 reactive groups and -P(=O)-O-C- groups, and the durable flame-retardant cotton fabrics were successfully prepared by CADP. The –P=O(O-NH4+)2 reactive groups allowed CADP to be firmly grafted onto cellulose. The –P(=O)-O-C- groups made flame-retardant cotton fabrics more resistant to soaping and improved its durability. The modification by 40% CADP increased the limited oxygen index value (LOI) of cotton fabric from 17.4% to 41.6%, which maintained at 26.4% after 50 cycles of home machine washes. The results of TG, TG-FTIR and SEM indicated that CADP increased the condensed components and decreased the flammable gaseous compounds, resulting the positive effect on char formation of cellulose. The whiteness and tensile strength of cotton fabrics were retained well after modification, and the treated cotton fabrics didn’t have skin irritation.
Signaling Climate Resilience to Municipal Bond Markets: Does Membership in Adaptation-Focused Voluntary Clubs Affect Bond Rating?
Authors: Ko Inhwan , Prakash Aseem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper examines whether U.S. cities’ membership in voluntary climate clubs improves the municipal bond ratings issued by S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch. We suggest that only clubs focused on climate adaptation could help cities signal their resilience to climate risks and their ability to service their municipal bonds. Yet, club membership is only a signal of intent. By itself, it does not offer concrete evidence that cities have adopted adaptation policies or enhanced their resilience to climate risks. We examine three climate clubs: ICELI, whose membership obligations cover climate and other environmental issues; the C40 club, whose scope covers both climate mitigation and adaptation; and the 100 Resilient Cities (100RC) program, which focuses on adaptation only. Employing a two-way fixed effects model for a panel of 80 U.S. cities from 1995 to 2018, we find that 100RC membership leads to a small improvement in bond ratings. This has important policy implications: assurances about implementing adaptation policy, as opposed to evidence about how adaptation reduces climate risks, could have spillover effects on municipal finance. In such cases, climate adaptation could have tangible implications for city-level finances.