bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria Co – Infection with Urinary Schistosomiasis, Typhoid Fever, Hepatitis B Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) Virus among Students in Three Local Government Areas of Ekiti State, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Ologunde C. A. , Akinruli F. T. , Layo-Akingbade T. O. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Malaria, Typhoid fever, urinary schistosomiasis, AIDS and hepatitis B virus disease are major public health problems in the tropical and subtropical countries; they exert a huge burden of morbidity, mortality and economic loss on the populace.
Aims: The study investigates the prevalence of co–infection of malaria, typhoid fever, urinary schistosomiasis, hepatitis B virus and HIV virus among 306 students between the ages of 10- 21 years in three local government areas of Ekiti – state Nigeria.
Methodology: Blood samples were randomly collected for the examination of malaria parasites, typhoid fever, hepatitis B virus and HIV virus while urine examination was done for urinary schistosomiasis by random sampling and survey for a period one week.
Results: The results show that the overall prevalence of malaria, typhoid fever, urinary schistosomiasis and hepatitis B virus were 42.2%, 2.9%, 2.9% and 2.9% respectively. The female students had the highest prevalence of single infection with malaria fever having the highest figure (42.2%). Malaria and Urinary schistosomiasis had the highest prevalence of double infection of 2.3 %, while schistosomiasis and hepatitis B had the lowest prevalence of 0.3%. Also, male students had the highest prevalence of double and triple infections. The co-infection rate of malaria, urinary Schistosomiasis and hepatitis B was 0.3% and this occurred in male between the ages of 19-21 years, none of the students tested positive for HIV virus and therefore no students was found in the quaternaries.
Conclusion: Co-infections is prevalent in this study area, therefore there should be integrated control approach directed against these diseases.
In silico Structural and Functional Annotation of Tomato Chocolate spot Virus
Authors: B. Jelani Ftepti 
Published: November 2021

Aims: The study aims to predict in-silico the structural and functional annotation of Tomato Chocolate Spot Virus (TCSV) retrieved from Uniprotkb with the accession number C7EXM3.
Study design: To use the In-silico approach for the structural and functional annotation of the Tomato Chocolate Spot Virus.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Bioinformatics Unit, Chevron Biotechnology Centre, Modibbo Adama University Yola, Nigeria. Between August 2021 to September 2021.
Methodology: The sequence of the Tomato Chocolate Spot Virus was retrieved from Uniprotkb with accession number C7EXM3, Physicochemical characteristics were computed using the ProtParam tool. The sever SOPMA was used for secondary structure analysis (Helix, Sheets and Coils). The tool CELLO v2.5 was used to predict the subcellular localization of the protein. Four different Homology Modelling tools (trRosetta, Lomet, RaptorX and IntFOLD5) were used to predict the 3D structure of the protein, the quality of the predicted proteins was assessed used PROCHECK. Three tools (InterProScan, NCBI conserved domains and Phobius) were used to get the possible function(s) of the protein.
Results: ProtParam tool computed various Physical and Chemical properties such as Molecular weight (MW) 20396.96 Daltons, isoelectric point (pI) of 6.92. Instability Index 41.94, and Grand Average Hydropathy (GRAVY) -0.503. SOPMA was used for calculating the secondary structure parameters of the protein as Helices (Hh) 43.48%, Extended strands (Ee) 18.48%, Random coils (Cc) 38.04%. CELLO v2.5 was used for subcellular localization of the protein, it predicted that the protein can be both Nuclear and Cytoplasmic with the reliability of 1.653 and 1.504 respectively. Different Homology modelling tools were used to obtain the best 3D structure of the protein. Furthermore, PROCHECK was used to assess the quality of the models obtained. Model from trRosetta was found to be the best because of the quality of the Ramachandran Plot obtained from PROCHECK which has more than 90% of amino acid in the most favourable regions. NCBI-CDD and interproScan predicted that protein is a DNA double-strand break repair Rad50 ATPase, which is involved in the early steps of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Furthermore, the Phobius server predicted the protein to be non-cytoplasmic in its domain, which means they help target proteins to their final destinations.
Conclusion: The study has helped in obtaining the 3D structure of the protein Tomato Chocolate Spot Virus from different Modelling tools, as well as the possible function of the protein.
Atrial Fibrillation as a Predictor of In-Hospital Outcome in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated by Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: A. Saad Mahmoud , F. Alarag Ahmed , Abdul Mageed Randa M. , F. Badr Seham 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: to study the relation between atrial fibrillation (AF) and in-hospital outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who were treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: This study was conducted on 80 patients admitted with ACS and treated with primary PCI at cardiovascular medicine department Tanta university hospitals starting from January 2020 till January 2021. The primary end points are all cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including a composite of death, nonfatal re-infarction, target vessel revascularization (TVR), new onset congestive heart failure, contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), or stroke during hospitalization. Patients was divided into 2 groups: Group 1: consisted of 40 consecutive AF-patients treated by primary PCI. Group 2: consisted of 40 consecutive sinus rhythm-patients treated by primary PCI.
Results: Patients in AF group showed significantly older age, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, higher heart rate, higher Killip class II-IV, more inferior STEMI presentation, higher CK-MB, more RCA as infarction related artery, more moderate to sever mitral regurgitation, more patient developed congestive heart failure during hospitalization, and higher overall MACE during hospitalization.
Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to investigate the possible predictors of AF in the study population. In univariate regression analysis, older age, higher CKMB level, higher degree of mitral regurgitation, enlarged left atrium, and RCA as infarction related artery were correlated with AF. In the multivariate regression analysis, using model adjusted for aforementioned parameters, older age, higher CK-MB level, enlarged left atrium diameter, and RCA as infarction related artery independently predicted AF.
Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to investigate the possible predictors of overall in-hospital MACE in the study population. In univariate regression analysis, smoking, Killip II-IV, high creatinine level, lower ejection fraction, higher end systolic diameter, and AF were correlated with MACE. In the multivariate regression analysis, using model adjusted for aforementioned parameters, Killip II-IV, higher creatinine level, and AF independently predicted MACE.
Conclusion: Patients older in age, with higher CK-MB level, enlarged left atrial diameter, and RCA as infarction related artery had higher incidence of AF during ACS. Patient with AF who presented with ACS had a higher incidence of heart failure during hospitalization. The independent predictors of MACE in our study were AF, Killip II-IV, and higher creatinine level.
Maternal and Fetal Response to Pre Anesthetic ‎Magnesium Sulphate in Cesarean Section
Authors: Hady Sokeer Mayada , El-Shehdawy Sameh Mohammed , AbdelKader Shaimaa Farouk , EL-Zeftawy Ashraf‏ ‏‎ El-Sayed 
Published: November 2021

Background: Magnesium, the fourth most common cation in the body, has an ‎antagonistic effect at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, as ‎well as calcium-channel blocker properties. Antagonism at the ‎NMDA receptor is thought to alter the mechanism of central ‎hypersensitivity and to subsequently decrease analgesic requirements ‎including opioid consumption.‎‎ This study aimed to assess the effects of preoperative administration of intravenous magnesium sulphate on the intubation stress response as a primary outcome and uterine, fetal middle cerebral and umbilical arterial blood flow, Apgar score and postoperative analgesia as secondary outcomes in participants undergoing elective caesarian section under general anesthesia.
Methods: This prospective randomized controlled double blinded study ‎was carried out on 65 pregnant females between 21-35 years old undergoing elective caesarian section under general anesthesia. who were randomly classified randomly into two groups: Magnesium sulphate (Mg) group: received 25 mg/kg magnesium sulphate in 100 ml isotonic saline over 10 minutes before induction of anesthesia. Control group (C): received the same volume of isotonic saline over the same period.
Results: Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were decreased significantly at post induction to the end of surgery in mg sulphate compared to control group and was insignificantly different between the studied groups at T0 and T1. VAS was significantly lower in mg sulphate group compared to control group at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours and was insignificantly different among the two groups at PACU admission and 30 min. preoperative administration of magnesium sulphate (25 mg/kg) was associated with lower postoperative pain scores, less post-operative analgesic consumption, better hemodynamic stability without significant difference in umbilical, middle cerebral and uterine arteries blood flow or Apgar score compared to control group in patients undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of sedation and hypotension. No cases showed respiratory depression in the two groups.
Conclusion: Preoperative administration of ‎magnesium sulphate (25mg/kg) was associated with better ‎hemodynamic stability, lower postoperative pain scores, less post-‎operative analgesic consumption without significant difference in ‎umbilical, middle cerebral and uterine arteries blood flow or Apgar ‎score with nil complications except for PONV compared to control ‎group in patients undergoing cesarean section under general ‎anesthesia.‎‎
Review on Coexistence of Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Saharan Nargis 
Published: November 2021

The coexistence of both diabetes mellitus and hypertension affect the some major target organs. Their common target organ is heart and kidney. The primary goal in the management of the hypertensive diabetic patients is lowering blood pressure to less than 130/80mm Hg Beta- blockers have been reported to adversely affect the overall risk factor profile in the diabetic patient. Initially ACE inhibitors and ARB are initially can be given to diabetic hypertensive. Beta blockers also show great effects in preventing further cardiovascular diseases in diabetic hypertensive. Although combined drug therapy is usually required to achieve goal but in addition to drug therapy some other precautions should also plays effective role like exercise، low sodium chloride intake, lower lipids in diet, maintaining glucose level, stress less patients environment.
Calcium channels blockers and diuretics in combination with ACE inhibitors and antidiabetic drugs will also exerts beneficial effects.
Neck Pain among Medical Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Questionnaire Based Study
Authors: Otaibi Bader Dubian Al , Alamri Rayan Dhafer , Alzahrani Mujahed Abdullah , Albalawi Rana Mohammed , Alzhrani Khlood Abdullah , Alzahrani Khames T. 
Published: November 2021

Aims: To determine the relationship between distant learning and neck pain during COVID-19 pandemic especially among medical students, thus we aim to assess prevalence of neck pain for specific Group and time.
Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in Saudi Arabia, between July 2020and October 2021.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional observational descriptive study that started in July 2020. Our target population include all medical students either male or female suffering from neck pain in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period of distant learning due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Sample size: Total Number of medical students in KSA (26126), Confidence level 95% and margin of error 5%. The sample size 379 was estimated using the Qualtrics calculator.
Results: A total of 2071 participants were a part of study. Most of them are female n=1509(72.9%) and least of them are male n=562(27.1%). The minimum age of participant was 18 years old n=61(2.9%), And the maximum age was 30 years old n=10(0.5%). Most of medical students noticed increase of neck pain during the period of pandemic. Most of them had noticed exacerbation of neck pain during COVID-19 pandemic n=1002(72.3%), where n=384(27.7%) had same pain before and during pandemic. Majority of them were completely relying on electronic devices for their education.
Conclusion:A high Pervasiveness of neck pain in the medical students during COVID-19 pandemic has been observed. Most of medical students noticed increase of neck pain during the period of pandemic. Majority of them were completely relying on electronic devices for their education.
Reliability, Validity, Responsiveness, and Minimum Important Change of the Stair Climb Test in Adults With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sharma Saurab , Wilson Ross , Pryymachenko Yana , Pathak Anupa , Chua Jason , Gwynne‐Jones David , Bennell Kim L. , Metcalf Ben , Hinman Rana S. , Hunt Michael A. , Lim Boon‐Whatt , Abbott J. Haxby 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) recommends assessment of physical function using a performance‐based test of stair negotiation but was unable to recommend any specific test. We assessed the reliability, validity, responsiveness, measurement error, and minimum important change (MIC) of the 6‐step timed Stair Climb Test (SCT).MethodsWe used pooled data from 397 participants with hip or knee osteoarthritis (54% women) from 4 clinical trials (86% retained at 12‐week follow‐up). Construct validity was assessed by testing 6 a priori hypotheses against other OARSI‐recommended physical function measures. A self‐reported Global Rating of Change scale was used to classify participants as worsened, improved, and stable. Participants who worsened in physical function were excluded from all analyses. Responsiveness and MIC were assessed using multiple anchor‐based and distribution‐based approaches. Test–retest reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC) were assessed on stable participants.ResultsFive of 6 hypotheses (83%) for construct validity were met. Test–retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient2,1 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.71–0.90). The SEM and SDC values were 0.44 and 1.21 seconds, respectively. We did not find adequate support for responsiveness. The MIC values ranged from 0.78 to 1.95 seconds using different approaches (median 1.37 seconds).ConclusionThe 6‐step timed SCT adequately assesses the construct of physical function in individuals with hip or knee osteoarthritis with excellent 12‐week test–retest reliability. However, support for its responsiveness was inadequate to recommend its use as an outcome measure in people with osteoarthritis for research and clinical practice.
Implementation of Rheumatology Health Care Transition Processes and Adaptations to Systems Under Stress: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Chang Joyce C. , Sears Cora , Bitencourt Nicole , Peterson Rosemary , Alperin Risa , Goh Y. Ingrid , Overbury Rebecca S. , Sadun Rebecca , Smitherman Emily , White Patience H. , Lawson Erica F. , Carandang Kristine 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesDespite poor health care transition outcomes among young adults with pediatric rheumatic diseases, adoption of transition best practices is low. We sought to understand how structured transition processes were operationalized within pediatric rheumatology practices and what factors were perceived to enable adaptations during a global pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study of team leaders' experiences during an interim analysis of a pilot project to implement transition policy discussions at sites in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Transition Learning Collaborative. We combined quantitative assessments of organizational readiness for change (9 sites) and semistructured interviews of team leaders (8 sites) using determinants in the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment Framework.ResultsEngagement of nursing and institutional improvement efforts facilitated decisions to implement transition policies. Workflows incorporating educational processes by nonphysicians were perceived to be critical for success. When the pandemic disrupted contact with nonphysicians, capacity for automation using electronic medical record (EMR)–based tools was an important facilitator, but few sites could access these tools. Sites without EMR‐based tools did not progress despite reporting high organizational readiness to implement change at the clinic level. Lastly, educational processes were often superseded by acute issues, such that youth with greater medical/psychosocial complexity may not receive the intervention.ConclusionWe generated several considerations to guide implementation of transition processes within pediatric rheumatology from the perspectives of team leaders. Careful assessment of institutional and nursing support is advisable before conducting complex transition interventions. Ideally, new strategies would ensure interventions reach youth with high complexity.
Quantitative Correlation of Triplet Exciton Management in Host with the Device Lifetime of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe improvement of the device stability of blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) has proven to be a challenging issue in terms of enhancing the efficiency of blue organic light‐emitting diodes in practical applications. This work comprehensively investigates the exciton dynamics of electroplex hosts and quantitatively correlates the steady‐state triplet excitons in the host with the device lifetime of state‐of‐the‐art blue PhOLEDs. The kinetic processes of electrically generated singlet excitons, triplet excitons, and polarons explored via transient electroluminescence and numerical modeling reveal that the triplet exciton density in the host is governed by reverse intersystem crossing and the triplet–triplet annihilation rates. A degradation modeling that takes into account the simultaneous material degradation due to the triplet excitons in the host and the dopant is newly established. The results indicate that the suppressed host degradation due to the reduction (1.5×) in host triplet excitons leads to enhanced operational stability. The characterization method and the numerical modeling in this work facilitate the determination of the exciton and polaron behavior of the host and allow for predicting the host‐dependent device lifetime of PhOLEDs for specific host materials.
A Novel In Situ High‐Temperature Magnetometry Method for Radiofrequency Heating Applications
Authors: Noble Jonathan P. P. , Bending Simon J. , Sartbaeva Asel , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Hill Alfred K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadiofrequency heating of magnetic particles promises highly efficient and direct heating of catalytic reactors for coupling of low carbon electricity with energy intensive chemical transformations. In this work, a novel real‐time and in situ magnetometry method is developed to measure minor and major hysteresis loops of soft magnetic nanopowders. It is applied to measure the magnetic properties and hysteresis power absorption of magnetite and maghemite powders up to 500 °C. An arctangent model for saturation magnetization is adapted for minor hysteresis loops. It produces an excellent fit for hysteresis loop power across field strengths up to 18.5 kA m−1 and allows prediction of heating power, remanence, and susceptibility. Samples of magnetite and maghemite are shown to heat rapidly from room temperature at more than 25 °C s−1, with maghemite giving the strongest heating response. The peak heating power occurs at the transition beyond the ellipsoidal Rayleigh law region. These findings suggest that the properties of magnetic powders, coupled with variable magnetic field strengths and frequencies, can be tuned to optimize the heating power for a variety of applications.
Can foods produced with new plant engineering techniques succeed in the marketplace? A case study of apples
Authors: Marette Stéphan , Beghin John , Disdier Anne‐Célia , Mojduszka Eliza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a model for research and development (R&D) investment in food innovations based on new plant engineering techniques (NPETs) and traditional hybridization methods. The framework combines uncertain and costly food innovation with consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for the new food. The framework is applied with elicited WTP of French and US consumers for new improved apples. NPETs may be socially beneficial under full information and when the probability of success under NPETs is relatively high. Otherwise, the traditional hybridization is socially optimal. A probable collapse of conventional apples raises the social desirability of new apples generated by NPETs and traditional hybridization.
Explaining autonomous drones: An XAI journey
Authors: Stefik Mark , Youngblood Michael , Pirolli Peter , Lebiere Christian , Thomson Robert , Price Robert , Nelson Lester D. , Krivacic Robert , Le Jacob , Mitsopoulos Konstantinos , Somers Sterling , Schooler Joel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCOGLE (COmmon Ground Learning and Explanation) is an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) system where autonomous drones deliver supplies to field units in mountainous areas. The mission risks vary with topography, flight decisions, and mission goals. The missions engage a human plus AI team where users determine which of two AI‐controlled drones is better for each mission. This article reports on the technical approach and findings of the project and reflects on challenges that complex combinatorial problems present for users, machine learning, user studies, and the context of use for XAI systems. COGLE creates explanations in multiple modalities. Narrative “What” explanations compare what each drone does on a mission and “Why” based on drone competencies determined from experiments using counterfactuals. Visual “Where” explanations highlight risks on maps to help users to interpret flight plans. One branch of the research studied whether the explanations helped users to predict drone performance. In this branch, a model induction user study showed that post‐decision explanations had only a small effect in teaching users to determine by themselves which drone is better for a mission. Subsequent reflection suggests that supporting human plus AI decision making with pre‐decision explanations is a better context for benefiting from explanations on combinatorial tasks.