bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Brønsted Acidic Gallium Hydride: Facile Interconversion of NNNN‐Macrocycle Supported [GaI]+ and [GaIIIH]2+
Authors: Morris Louis J. , Ghana Priyabrata , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Carpentier Ambre , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProtonolysis of [Cp*M] (M=Ga, In, Tl) with [(Me4TACD)H][BAr4Me] (Me4TACD=N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane; [BAr4Me]−=[B{C6H3‐3,5‐(CH3)2}4]−) provided monovalent salts [(Me4TACD)M][BAr4Me], whereas [Cp*Al]4 yielded trivalent [(Me4TACD)AlH][BAr4Me]2. Protonation of [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4Me] with [Et3NH][BAr4Me] gave an unusually acidic (pKa(CH3CN)=24.5) gallium(III) hydride dication [(Me4TACD)GaH][BAr4Me]2. Deprotonation with IMe4 (1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazol‐ylidene) returned [(Me4TACD)Ga][BAr4Me]. These reversible processes occur with formal two‐electron oxidation and reduction of gallium. DFT calculations suggest that gallium(I) protonation is facilitated by strong coordination of the tetradentate ligand, which raises the HOMO energy. High nuclear charge of [(Me4TACD)GaH]2+ facilitates hydride‐to‐metal charge transfer during deprotonation. Attempts to prepare a gallium(III) dihydride cation resulted in spontaneous dehydrogenation to [(Me4TACD)Ga]+.
Light‐Assisted CO2 Hydrogenation over Pd3Cu@UiO‐66 Promoted by Active Sites in Close Proximity
Authors: Ling Li‐Li , Yang Weijie , Yan Peng , Wang Min , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCO2 hydrogenation to methanol has attracted great interest while suffering from low conversion and high energy input. Herein, tiny Pd3Cu nanoparticles are confined into a metal–organic framework (MOF), UiO‐66, to afford Pd3Cu@UiO‐66 for CO2 hydrogenation. Remarkably, it achieves a methanol production rate of 340 μmol g−1 h−1 at 200 °C and 1.25 MPa under light irradiation, far surpassing that in the dark. The photo‐generated electron transfer from the MOF to antibonding orbitals of CO2* promotes CO2 activation and HCOO* formation. In addition, the Pd3Cu microenvironment plays a critical role in CO2 hydrogenation. In contrast to the MOF‐supported Pd3Cu (Pd3Cu/UiO‐66), the Pd3Cu@UiO‐66 exhibits a much higher methanol production rate due to the close proximity between CO2 and H2 activation sites, which greatly facilitates their interaction and conversion. This work provides a new avenue to the integration of solar and thermal energy for efficient CO2 hydrogenation under moderate conditions.
Copolymerization of catechol and polyethyleneimine onto activated carbon for efficient removal of Congo red dye
Authors: Yan Dexiang , Li Fenghua , Sun Bin , Wang Yuanbo , Liu Qinze , Gao Tingting , Zhou Guowei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, a new AC@Catechol/PEI adsorbent was prepared via the copolymerization of catechol and polyethyleneimine (PEI) onto pretreated commercial activated carbon (AC). It achieved a high adsorption capacity of 411.52 mg/g for the anionic dye Congo red (CR), which was approximately 7 times that of pretreated AC without modification. In bath adsorption experiment, 1 g of adsorbent was used to treat 4 L of 100 mg/L CR solution, resulting in 98.5% CR removal. In addition, the prepared AC@Catechol/PEI adsorbent exhibited highly efficient CR competitive adsorption against SO42− ions and cationic malachite green dye. The adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking. Catecholamine modification greatly improved the adsorption capacity and adsorption selectivity of commercial AC for CR dyes. This low‐cost adsorbent may have broad prospects for the removal of anionic dyes in wastewater.
Investigation on electromagnetic shielding and antiultraviolet radiation properties of ZnO@AgNWs/waterborne polyurethane composites
Authors: Ye Bei , Zeng Xiao‐Ling , Guan Ji‐Peng , Guo Shao‐Cong , Yao Yu‐Yuan , Shen Xiao‐Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaterials with strong electromagnetic absorption capacity and strong ultraviolet (UV) resistance have become an increasing requirement for the next‐generation of multifunctional textiles. Herein, cotton fabric composites with ultra‐high‐efficiency electromagnetic shielding and UV resistance are provided by decorating zinc oxide (ZnO) on silver nanowires (AgNWs). ZnO modified AgNWs (ZnO@AgNWs) were prepared first, followed by filling into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to form ZnO@AgNWs/WPU, which was used to prepare multifunctional cotton fabric composites by spreading ZnO@AgNWs/WPU evenly on cotton fabric by hand coating. The electromagnetic shielding properties of the composites were measured at the frequency range of 0.3–3000 MHz. The results showed that the maximum electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) value of ZnO@AgNWs/WPU/cotton fabric composite was 32 dB. The neat AgNWs were also used to enhance the electromagnetic shielding. The EMI SE of ZnO@AgNWs/WPU/cotton fabric composite was 52.38% higher than AgNWs/WPU/cotton fabric composite. In addition, the ZnO@AgNWs/WPU/cotton fabric composite presents well UV protecting ability. The tensile strength of cotton fabric increased 30.15% with the addition of ZnO@AgNWs. This study offers an effective strategy for the preparation of electromagnetic shielding and UV radiation resistance material.
Oxygen Vacancies of Commercial V2O5 Induced by Mechanical Force to Enhance the Diffusion of Zinc Ions in Aqueous Zinc Battery
Authors: Zhao Danyang , Zhu Qiancheng , Li Xiaohui , Dun Menghan , Wang Yin , Huang Xintang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRechargeable aqueous batteries with Zn2+ as a media‐ion are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage because of their intrinsic safety, low‐cost and high energy‐intensity. Vanadium based cathodic materials have gained significant attention in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their high capacity and satisfactory cycle stability. However, more facile and efficient fabrication methods should be explored when considering future realistic application. Herein, commercial V2O5 cathodes with oxygen vacancies were fabricated through a simple mechanical ball milling method. The results suggest that mechanical force can directly induce the oxygen vacancies in commercial V2O5, which significantly enhance the diffusion of Zn ions. The oxygen vacancy−V2O5 (Ov−V2O5) shows much higher capacity than the pristine commercial V2O5 and the cyclic stability reached 2500 times. Ov−V2O5 cathode with a facile synthesis technology is a promising candidate for future high‐performance, low‐cost, safe, and environment‐friendly Zn battery devices.
Hypothesized pathogenesis of acardius acephalus, acormus, amorphus, anceps, acardiac edema, single umbilical artery, and pump twin risk prediction
Authors: van Gemert Martin J. C. , Ross Michael G. , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P. H. M. , Nikkels Peter G. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcardiac twinning complicates monochorionic twin pregnancies in ≈2.6%, in which arterioarterial (AA) and venovenous placental anastomoses cause a reverse circulation between prepump and preacardiac embryos and cessation of cardiac function in the preacardiac. Literature suggested four acardiac body morphologies in which select (groups of) organs fail to develop, deteriorate, or become abnormal: acephalus (≈64%, [almost] no head, part of body, legs), amorphus (≈22%, amorphous tissue lump), anceps (≈10%, cranial bones, well‐developed), and acormus (≈4%, head only). We sought to develop hypotheses that could explain acardiac pathogenesis, its progression, and develop methods for clinical testing.MethodsWe used qualitatively described pathophysiology during development, including twin‐specific AA and Hyrtl's anastomoses, the short umbilical cord syndrome, high capillary permeability, properties of spontaneous aborted embryos, and Pump/Acardiac umbilical venous diameter (UVD) ratios.ResultsWe propose that each body morphology has a specific pathophysiologic pathway. An acephalus acardius may be larger than an anceps, verifiable from UVD ratio measurements. A single umbilical artery develops when one artery, unconnected to the AA, vanishes due to flow reduction by Hyrtl's anastomotic resistance. Acardiac edema may result from acardiac body hypoxemia combined with physiological high fetal capillary permeability, high interstitial compliance and low albumin synthesis. Morphological changes may occur after acardiac onset. Pump twin risk follows from UVD ratios.ConclusionOur suggested outcomes agree reasonably well with reported onset, incidence, and progression of acardiac morphologies. Guidance for clinical prediction and testing requires ultrasound anatomy/circulation study, from the first trimester onward.
Electrochemical Deposited Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for CO2 Electrocatalytic Reduction
Authors: Zhang Renjie , Yang Jie , Zhao Xinbo , Yang Han , Li Hongping , Ji Bairun , Zhou Guangying , Ma Xiaoxue , Yang Dexin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 over zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) generally has poor activity and low CO Faradaic efficiency due to the poor contact between conductive substrate and ZIFs synthesized by ex‐situ method. Here, ZIF‐8 films on Zn foils (ZIF‐8/Zn) fabricated by in‐situ electrochemical deposition were used for CO2 electroreduction in ionic liquid‐based ternary electrolyte. Tunable morphology and thickness of ZIF‐8 film can regulate the activity of CO2 electroreduction. The ZIF‐8/Zn‐40 electrode demonstrates the highest CO Faradaic efficiency (91.8 %) with the current density of 12.6 mA cm−2 at −1.9 V vs. Ag/Ag+, which is superior to the performance of ZIF‐8/CP electrode prepared by ex‐situ method. The excellent activity of ZIF‐8/Zn‐40 electrode is mainly attributed to abundant active sites in 3D structures with largest surface area, tight and good contact between ZIF‐8 film and Zn foil, faster rate CO2 diffusion, and synergistic effect between electrode and [Bmim]PF6‐containing electrolyte. The facile synthesis of ZIF‐8/Zn electrode provides a novel technology to design efficient electrodes for CO2 electroreduction.
Hydrophosphinylation of Styrenes Catalysed by Well‐Defined s‐Block Bimetallics
Authors: Platten Andrew W. J. , Borys Andryj M. , Hevia Eva 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdvancing the applications of s‐block heterobimetallic complexes in catalysis, we report the use of potassium magnesiate (PMDETA)2K2Mg(CH2SiMe3)4 [PMDETA=N,N,N’,N’,N’’‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine] for the catalytic hydrophosphinylation of styrenes under mild conditions. Exploiting chemical cooperation, this bimetallic approach offers greater catalytic activity and chemoselectivity than the single‐metal components KCH2SiMe3 and Mg(CH2SiMe3)2. Stoichiometric studies between (PMDETA)2K2Mg(CH2SiMe3)4 and Ph2P(O)H help to elucidate the constitution of the active catalytic species, and illustrate the influence of donors on the potassium cation coordination, and how this may impact catalytic activity. Mechanistic investigations support that the rate determining step is the insertion of the olefinic substrate.
α‐Amino‐iso‐Butyric Acid Foldamers Terminated with Rhodium(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts
Authors: Tilly David P. , Cullen William , Zhong Heng , Jamagne Romain , Vitórica‐Yrezábal Inigo , Webb Simon J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo investigate how remotely induced changes in ligand folding might affect catalysis by organometallic complexes, dynamic α‐amino‐iso‐butyric acid (Aib) peptide foldamers bearing rhodium(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have been synthesized and studied. X‐ray crystallography of a foldamer with an N‐terminal azide and a C‐terminal Rh(NHC)(Cl)(diene) complex showed a racemate with a chiral axis in the Rh(NHC) complex and a distorted 310 helical body. Replacing the azide with either one or two chiral L‐α‐methylvaline (L‐αMeVal) residues gave diastereoisomeric foldamers that each possessed point, helical and axial chirality. NMR spectroscopy revealed an unequal ratio of diastereoisomers for some foldamers, indicating that the chiral conformational preference of the N‐terminal residue(s) was relayed down the 1 nm helical body to the axially chiral Rh(NHC) complex. Although the remote chiral residue(s) did not affect the stereoselectivity of hydrosilylation reactions catalysed by these foldamers, these studies suggest a potential pathway towards remote conformational control of organometallic catalysts.
Characterization of geometric variance in the epithelial nerve net of the ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus
Authors: Courtney Amy , Liegey Jérémy , Burke Niamh , Hassett Amy R. , Lowery Madeleine , Pickering Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeuroscience lacks a diverse repertoire of model organisms, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the general principles of neural function. Ctenophores display many neurobiological and experimental features which make them a promising candidate to fill this gap. They possess a nerve net distributed across their body surface in the epithelial layer. There is a long‐held assumption that nerve nets are “simple” and lack distinct organizational principles. We want to challenge this assumption and determine how stereotyped the structure of this network is. We estimated body surface area in Pleurobrachia pileus using custom optical projection tomography and light sheet morphometry imaging systems. Using an antibody against tyrosinated α‐tubulin, we visualized the nerve net in situ and quantified the geometric properties using an automated segmentation approach. We characterized organizational rules of the epithelial nerve net in animals of different sizes and at different regions of the body. We found that specific morphological features within the nerve net are largely unchanged during growth. These properties must be essential to the functionality of the nervous system and therefore are maintained during a change in body size. We have also established the principles of organization of the network and showed that some of the geometric properties are variable across different parts of the body. This suggests that there may be different functions occurring in regions with different structural characteristics. This is the most comprehensive structural description of a ctenophore nerve net to date and demonstrates the amenability of P. pileus for whole organism network analysis.
Exploring the alternatives to the conventional interference mitigation schemes for 5G wireless cellular communication network
Authors: Bindle Abhay , Gulati Tarun , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe manifold increase in the number of cellular wireless network consumers has presented a monumental challenge to upgrade the current infrastructure for imparting superior throughput and good quality of service. End‐users of the network will want super high‐speed data with very low latency, as well as secure and with a lower packet data drop rate. Joint coordination between various network resources such as that of a dense heterogeneous network is crucial for achieving the above demands. It is also inevitable that such a dense arrangement of small cells or macro cells or other network equipment will be challenged by different forms of interference apart from being costly and less mobile. Beamforming is among the most advanced technology that is available up to date which has shown good results at handling interference and at guiding transmitted data to the desired end‐user. It is quite useful but also struggles from certain factors when deployed in a dense network. A thorough review of recent works of literature is detailed in the current paper with a focus placed on two major fields, which are interference mitigation techniques and gainful interference exploitation techniques. Some highly advanced interference mitigation techniques which are either developed or under development with their merits have been proposed. Most of these techniques use machine learning and artificial intelligence‐based methods to ensure the best quality of service (QoS) to every individual connected to the network. However some research works focused on negating away any kind of interference present in a signal, some focused on harnessing interference for optimizing the power of transmitted signals.
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of anal canal with adenoid cystic pattern and liver metastasis: A rare case report
Authors: Rani Usha , Tanwar Parul , Jain Shyam Lata , Verma Nidhi , Dahiya Sakshi , Lal Pawanindra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnal malignancies are rare, and of these squamous cell carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types. Anal basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) can show a variety of patterns including unusual variants with cribriform areas resembling adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). BSC is reported more frequently in elderly females. Although the histopathology of BSC is characteristic, its cytomorphology is rarely described in the anorectal region. Due to overlapping morphological features, it is challenging to distinguish between ACC and BSC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is mandatory for this distinction and definite diagnosis, as it is a highly aggressive tumor with a tendency for distant metastasis. An interesting and rare case of BSC with ACC‐pattern arising in the anal canal with liver metastasis in a middle‐aged male is reported here. The aim is to highlight its cytological features, correlation with histology, IHC and its differential diagnoses.
Spatial patterns of light‐demanding tree species in the Yangambi rainforest (Democratic Republic of Congo)
Authors: Luambua Nestor K. , Hubau Wannes , Salako Kolawolé Valère , Amani Christian , Bonyoma Bernard , Musepena Donatien , Rousseau Mélissa , Bourland Nils , Nshimba Hippolyte S.M. , Ewango Corneille , Beeckman Hans , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost Central African rainforests are characterized by a remarkable abundance of light‐demanding canopy species: long‐lived pioneers (LLP) and non‐pioneer light demanders (NPLD). A popular explanation is that these forests are still recovering from intense slash‐and‐burn farming activities, which abruptly ended in the 19th century. This “human disturbance” hypothesis has never been tested against spatial distribution patterns of these light demanders. Here, we focus on the 28 most abundant LLP and NPLD from 250 one‐ha plots distributed along eight parallel transects (~50 km) in the Yangambi forest. Four species of short‐lived pioneers (SLP) and a single abundant shade‐tolerant species (Gilbertiodendron dewevrei) were used as reference because they are known to be strongly aggregated in recently disturbed patches (SLP) or along watercourses (G. dewevrei). Results show that SLP species are strongly aggregated with clear spatial autocorrelation of their diameter. This confirms that they colonized the patch following a one‐time disturbance event. In contrast, LLP and NPLD species have random or weakly aggregated distribution, mostly without spatial autocorrelation of their diameter. This does not unambiguously confirm the “human disturbance” hypothesis. Alternatively, their abundance might be explained by their deciduousness, which gave them a competitive advantage during long‐term drying of the late Holocene. Additionally, a canonical correspondence analysis showed that the observed LLP and NPLD distributions are not explained by environmental variables, strongly contrasting with the results for the reference species G. dewevrei, which is clearly aggregated along watercourses. We conclude that the abundance of LLP and NPLD species in Yangambi cannot be unambiguously attributed to past human disturbances or environmental variables. An alternative explanation is that present‐day forest composition is a result of adaptation to late‐Holocene drying. However, results are inconclusive and additional data are needed to confirm this alternative hypothesis.
Bayesian mark–recapture–resight–recovery models: increasing user flexibility in the BUGS language
Authors: Riecke Thomas V. , Gibson Dan , Leach Alan G. , Lindberg Mark S. , Schaub Michael , Sedinger James S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEstimating demographic parameters of interest is a critical component of applied conservation biology and evolutionary ecology, where demographic models and demographic data have become increasingly complex over the last several decades. These advances have been spurred by the development and use of information theoretic approaches, programs such as MARK and SURGE, and Bayesian inference. The use of Bayesian analyses has also become increasingly popular, where WinBUGS, JAGS, Stan, and NIMBLE provide increased user flexibility. Despite recent advances in Bayesian demographic modeling, some capture–recapture models that have been implemented in Program MARK remain unavailable to quantitative ecologists that wish to use Bayesian modeling approaches. We provide novel parameterizations of capture–mark–recapture–resight–recovery models implemented in Program MARK that have not yet been implemented in the BUGS language. Simulations show that the models described herein provide accurate parameter estimates. Our parameterizations of these models can easily be extended to estimate additional parameters such as entry probability, additional live states, or cause‐specific mortality rates. Additionally, implementing these models in a Bayesian framework allows users to readily estimate parameters as mixtures, incorporate random individual or temporal variation, and use informative priors to assist with parameter estimation.
The success of alien plants in an arid ecosystem: Structural equation modeling reveals hidden effects of soil resources
Authors: El‐Barougy Reham F. , Dakhil Mohammed A. , ElGamal Ibrahim A. , Gray Sarah M. , Khedr Abdel‐Hamid A. , Bersier Louis‐Félix 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diversity of a native community is not the sole driving factor determining the success of an invader; abiotic factors can also play a role, making it important to understand their contributions in modifying the expected outcome of biotic and abiotic resistance to invasion. In order to test the contributions of native diversity, relatedness between native and alien plants, and abiotic factors in resisting alien invasion, we used a trait–environment data set of 33 alien‐ and 130 native plants in 166 invaded plots, covering a gradient of soil resources in Saint‐Katherine‐Protectorate, an arid‐protected area in Egypt. We measured the native diversity components as predictors of native biotic resistance. We quantified the success of alien plants based on their abundance and their performance traits. Additionally, we calculated the mean functional and phylogenetic distance between aliens and natives in each plot. We tested all plausible influences of native diversity components, relatedness, and soil resources on alien abundance and performance first using mixed‐effects models and second with a structural equation model (SEM). Mixed‐effect models revealed that, in the resource‐rich environments, alien abundance increased even though native plants were more productive, but alien performance decreased. SEM direct pathways revealed that native communities with high functional dispersion and richness and high mean‐weighted performance traits repelled alien plants by lowering their success. Simultaneously, in line with mixed‐effect models results, the effect of soil resources on alien success was found to be indirect, being mediated by the mean functional and phylogenetic distance between aliens and natives: The success of alien plants increased in resource‐rich environments when they were dissimilar to the natives, while it decreased for aliens similar to natives in resource‐limited environments. Our findings provide new insights on native community resistance to invasion, with resistance being higher in resource‐limited environments and when aliens are functionally and phylogenetically similar to resident natives.