bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formalization of tasks generation for complex of interactive web-tests on math
Authors: Chukhray Andrey , Yashina Elena , Leshchenko Oleksandr 
Published: October 2021

The approach to the formalization of the generation of problem situations applicable to the development of tutoring programs consisting of many tasks is considered. The main errors arising during the software-based generation of parameters are specified. Mathematical modeling of parametrical generation algorithms examined by examples of tasks that make up complex tests on mathematics for secondary schools. The parametric generation method proposed in the article allows getting the large quantitative variations in task problem situations. Thereby, every learner will get a personal unique set of tasks. The structure and functionality of web-tests complex consisting of tasks generated via the proposed method are described. The subject of research in the article is the process of computer training in mathematics. The goal is to develop a method for task generation for mathematical disciplines. Tasks. Research and analysis of the set of mathematical problems. Parameterization of each task and development method and algorithms for automated generation parameters with the determination of incorrect combinations of parameters or problem situations that have no solution. Estimation of borders of admissible for approximate answers. Evaluation of the user solution of a single task and a sequence of tasks. The general objective of the work is to make the software product consisting of a sequence of mathematics tasks. The software should have an extended user interface for the graphical presentation of various problem situations in various mathematical topics. The program must be accessible via the Internet. The following results were obtained: developed methods and algorithms of task generation, which provide correct problem situations and unique parameter sets for each user; described the program complex structure and developed the software system of mathematical web-tests provides two levels of difficulty. Conclusion. The scientific novelty lies in the development of the method of task generation for interactive web tests on the mathematics and its computer implementation with the possibility of graphical representation of tasks and checking of tasks correctness.
Concept of effective Control among the Means of Restoring National Security of Ukraine
Authors: Cherviakova O. V. , Sytnyk R. V. , Honcharenko M. M. 
Published: October 2021

The sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine have been violated for more than seven years, part of the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea are temporarily not under the control of the sovereign. Researchers and reintegration experts pay attention to the categories of effective and general control in these circumstances. Both concepts from the point of view of historical and law-making importance have significantly influenced the development of international public law and the state responsibility institution involved in armed conflicts, but accomplish this not directly, but through third parties of the conflict: a state controls the behavior of individuals or groups of individuals on the territory of another state. It is possible to appropriate the actions of individuals to the state through the concepts of state and effective control at the international level, although such evidence is extremely difficult in some cases, since the relationship is carefully concealed and the state denies its involvement in international armed conflict. The establishment and recognition of such a relationship between a state and a person or a group of persons, as well as the disclosure of the causal link between governmental actions and the conduct of individuals becomes the subject matter of proving at the international level in case of applying the concepts of effective and general control. In particular, the United Nations International Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights are actively working with the concepts of effective and general control to deal with cases of violating human rights, international humanitarian law on the territories of armed conflict.
All this determines the relevance of the research of these concepts for their subsequent practical application to prove the fact of involvement of certain subjects of international law in armed conflicts. In this aspect, the development of the concept of effective or general control can facilitate the solution of topical issues of Ukraine’s domestic and foreign policy. The analysis of this concept can be taken as arguments that the conflict in Ukraine should be classified as international, armed aggression of the Russian Federation is being carried out against Ukraine.
Activities of Detective Units in the National Police of Ukraine: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Zavorina O. P. , Fomin O. V. 
Published: October 2021

Ukrainian law enforcement agencies are undergoing a long-term transformation from a system of punitive law enforcement agencies to European-style law enforcement agencies, which should focus on providing services to the population and respecting human rights. One of the areas of the reform was the introduction of the Detective project in the National Police of Ukraine.
It should be noted that detective work in Ukraine is a new type of professional activity. However, it should be noted that legal regulation of detective work of both civil servants (law enforcement detectives) and private detectives is absent in Ukraine, although in many countries around the world private detective work is legalized and benefits society. The adoption of the Law "On Private Detective Activity" will allow to establish proper state control over this type of activity at the legislative level and will legalize private detective activity, which is actually carried out, is in demand and recognized by society.
However, there is an indisputable opinion in Ukraine that law enforcement activities can be performed exclusively by state structures. And the introduction and operation of private detectives will put an end to the state monopoly in this direction. However, there are also positive points: first of all, several thousand private detective agencies and private detectives must come out of the shadow, pay taxes, report to the police about criminal offenses that are being prepared or committed, provide intelligence, etc.
Based on the above, we conclude that legislative regulation of such activities is required for the full work of police and private detectives, including amendments to the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Investigative Activities", departmental orders and instructions, in particular, to the Instruction on the organization of interaction of pre-trial investigative agencies with other agencies and units of the National Police of Ukraine in preventing criminal offenses. detection and investigation, approved by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine dated from July 7, 2017, No. 575.
Peculiarities of Informing Parents about Mental Disorders of Their Minor Children
Authors: Petlenko O. V. , Gnidko N. V. 
Published: October 2021

The law enforcement agencies of Ukraine conduct preventive work on psychological and pedagogical support with both minors from socially problematic families and parents whose children need enhanced psychological attention and support. This work is accomplished by juvenile prevention employees. The subject matter of this article is the features of informing parents about the mental illness of their minor children. We aim to provide clear recommendations to juvenile prevention employees or psychologists on increasing their psychological competence in working with families as part of preventive measures. It is applied not only to minors who are registered with neurologists and psychiatrists. These are children with residual-organic cerebral inefficiency of the central nervous system. These are the so-called residual manifestations of the transferred harms in the course of the formation of the central nervous system of a child. The difficulty is that most parents do not agree with the need to take action on their children with residual organic problems, hoping that the child will outgrow over time the minor symptoms, from their point of view, that are manifested now. But, unfortunately, our observations indicate that a child with these features has a deformed character without proper care, which, in turn, can affect his or her future life. Therefore, juvenile prevention employees and psychologists need to carry out such explanatory work in order to facilitate the process of adaptation of minors to the conditions of the social environment without the risk of embarking on an illegal way of life.
During a ten-year experiment in observing families who were informed about the condition of their children’s central nervous system, received clear recommendations on the proper adaptation of minors to social conditions, we came to certain conclusions that such work was extremely important for the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Therefore, we emphasize the need to disseminate these recommendations among juvenile prevention employees and psychologists in order to continue their work with parents whose children have residual-organic cerebral insufficiency of the central nervous system.
Legal Uncertainty of a Service as an Object of Civil Rights
Authors: Shyshka O. R. 
Published: October 2021

Based on a systematic analysis of civil law norms, the problem of regulatory consolidation of a service as an object of civil rights is revealed. In particular, grammatical awareness of the content of certain norms contained in the Civil Code of Ukraine allowed us to make a rather contradictory conclusion that the service is a material good, a thing that consists in the action or activity of the service contractor. This legal paradox exists due to several shortcomings of legislative technique. The first one concerns the conjunction "including", which, according to grammar rules, refers a service (as a specific concept) as things (as a generic concept). It follows from the above that the Union "Including" should be removed in Part 1 of the Art. 177 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The second disadvantage is due to the lack of a separate norm that would determine a clear place of the service in the system of objects of civil rights. In this regard, and taking into account the essence of the service as an object of the intangible world, it is offered to supplement Chapter 15 "intangible benefits" with a separate Article entitled "Services", which should contain a definition of the concept of this object of civil rights along with other important provisions. Moreover, the concept of a service is applied contrary to its legislative definition according to the analysis of judicial practice, namely as its result, and not as a benefit, we offer that the word "services" and the phrase "results of work" in Part 1 of the Art. 177 of the Civil Code of Ukraine should be swapped. These amendments will contribute to legal certainty and reduce the manifestations of arbitrary interference by state agencies, including the court, in the rights protected in the Constitution of Ukraine and in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Plan de manejo la microcuenca frontales de la parroquia El Carmelo cantón Tulcán provincia del Carchi
Authors: Gómez Villamagua Hugo Stalyn , Benavides Rosales Hernán Rigoberto , Males Franco Carla Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

El estudio de la microcuenca Frontales se desarrolló en base al levantamiento de un diagnóstico ambiental y socioeconómico que comprendió la revisión y estudio de los diferentes aspectos sociales, económicos, políticos y los componentes ambientales de la microcuenca Frontales, con la información obtenida se propuso la planificación para la microcuenca Frontales que se basó en la rentabilidad económica por la cantidad y variedad de la producción agrícola y ganadera que se da en la zona y el deterioro ambiental debido a los procesos productivos e inadecuado manejo de técnicas de producción, logrando al final establecer una propuesta del plan de manejo para la microcuenca Frontales que se sustentó en la caracterización de los componentes bióticos, abióticos y socioeconómicos, con lo que se determinaron tres zonas para su óptimo aprovechamiento.
Para determinar el estado de deterioro y evaluación ambiental de las microcuenca Frontales se basó en la fórmula descriptiva del Centro Interamericano de Desarrollo Integral de Aguas y Tierras (CIDIAT) y la zonificación se estableció mediante la metodología de Vargas H (1993).
МЕДИЧНИЙ ЗАКЛАД ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ЯК ІНСТИТУТ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ МАЙБУТНІХ МАГІСТРІВ МЕДИЦИНИ
Authors: Куценко О. М. , Карлова Т. Є. 
Published: October 2021

У статті розглянуто сутність та особливості медичного закладу вищої освіти як інституту формування професійних якостей майбутніх магістрів медицини. У зв’язку із модернізацією системи освіти України, входженням її в європейський освітній простір, особливої актуальності набуває проблема створення в навчально-виховному процесі закладу вищої освіти таких умов, які б сприяли ефективному формуванню професійних якостей майбутніх фахівців. Для досягнення мети в роботі використовується комплекс методів дослідження, а саме: теоретичні (аналіз, порівняння, узагальнення та систематизація наукових даних).
Виявлено, що педагогічні умови становлення і розвитку професійних якостей студентської молоді у медичній сфері передбачають наявність таких факторів, як: забезпеченість гуманітарно-виховної роботи; гуманізація й гуманітаризація освіти; наявність гуманістичної концепції навчання і виховання; забезпеченість інформацією; забезпеченість засобами організації дозвілля; комфортність освітнього середовища; відповідальність вишу за підготовку фахівця високої кваліфікації; власні зусилля студента з саморозвитку та самовдосконалення особистості; організація всебічної взаємодії культури та освіти; визнання людської та національної культури фактором розвитку освіти; наявність системи соціального партнерства.
Зазначено, що під час професійної підготовки майбутніх лікарів у медичному виші важливого значення набуває особистісна підготовка студентської молоді, метою якої є формування як професійно значущих якостей особистості, так і її гуманістичної спрямованості, психологічної культури, здатності до толерантної взаємодії майбутніх лікарів із пацієнтами.
Встановлено, що медичний заклад вищої освіти являє собою виховний і освітній інститут, один з мікрофакторів соціалізації особистості, що відрізняється тим, що першорядне значення приділяється професійній медичній освіті у взаємозв'язку з формуванням у майбутніх магістрів медицини моральності.
The Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) of Kerala – Status and Distribution
Authors: Nair Vinayan P , Samuel K. Abraham , Palot Muhamed Jafer , Sadasivan Kalesh 
Published: October 2021

The odonate fauna of Kerala, their status and distribution are reviewed. Based on personal records from field work since 2010 and published literature, all the recent additions and range extensions to the region are critically analyzed and a revised checklist of odonates of Western Ghats and Kerala is provided. The current checklist of odonates of the Western Ghats stands at 207 species, including 80 endemics. A total of 181 species of Odonates, including 68 Western Ghats endemics, belonging to 87 genera under two suborders and 14 families were recorded from the geographical boundary of Kerala. The suborder Zygoptera comprises 74 species of damselflies (30 genera in seven families) and the suborder Anisoptera has 107 species (57 genera in seven families). Endemic species and those in IUCN Red List categories are enlisted. None of the odonate species from the region are protected under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (WPA) 1972. A detailed discussion on odonates occurring in Kerala has been provided in the systematic part.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Group to Group Exchange Terhadap Kreativitas dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa SMP
Authors: PUTRA B ERDIANSYAH 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih rendahnya kreativitas dan hasil belajar matematika siswa SMP 13 Negeri di Kota Bima. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membuktikan pengaruhn Model Pembelajaran Group to Group Exchange terhadap kreatifitas dan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen, dikatakan begitu karena dalam desain ini peneliti tidak dapat mengontrol semua variabel luar yaitu faktor luar yang tidak diteliti dan menjadi pengganggu sehingga mempengaruhi jalannya eksperimen. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua aspek yang dinilai muncul pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Hal tersebut dilengkapi dengan hasil uji statistik dengan hasil thitung lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu 2,46 > 1,98 dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen lebih besar dari kelas kontrol yaitu 95 > 75. Hal ini berarti bahwa model pembelajaran Group to Group Exchange memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Dengan demikian bahwa langkah-langkah model pembelajaran model pembelajaran Group to Group Exchange memberikan pengaruh dalam meningkatkan kreativitas dan hasil belajar matematika siswa.
Non-Destructive Spatial Mapping of Glycosaminoglycan Loss in Native and Degraded Articular Cartilage Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy
Authors: Gao Tianyu , Boys Alexander J. , Zhao Crystal , Chan Kiara , Estroff Lara A. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: October 2021

Articular cartilage is a collagen-rich tissue that provides a smooth, lubricated surface for joints and is also responsible for load bearing during movements. The major components of cartilage are water, collagen, and proteoglycans. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of articular cartilage, in which an early-stage indicator is the loss of proteoglycans from the collagen matrix. In this study, confocal Raman microspectroscopy was applied to study the degradation of articular cartilage, specifically focused on spatially mapping the loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Trypsin digestion was used as a model for cartilage degradation. Two different scanning geometries for confocal Raman mapping, cross-sectional and depth scans, were applied. The chondroitin sulfate coefficient maps derived from Raman spectra provide spatial distributions similar to histological staining for glycosaminoglycans. The depth scans, during which subsurface data were collected without sectioning the samples, can also generate spectra and GAG distributions consistent with Raman scans of the surface-to-bone cross sections. In native tissue, both scanning geometries demonstrated higher GAG content at the deeper zone beneath the articular surface and negligible GAG content after trypsin degradation. On partially digested samples, both scanning geometries detected an ∼100 μm layer of GAG depletion. Overall, this research provides a technique with high spatial resolution (25 μm pixel size) to measure cartilage degradation without tissue sections using confocal Raman microspectroscopy, laying a foundation for potential in vivo measurements and osteoarthritis diagnosis.
In Vitro Activity of Auranofin in Combination With Aztreonam-Avibactam Against Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-Producing Enterobacterales
Authors: Wang Wen , Huang Shifeng , Zou Chunhong , Ding Yanhui , Wang Huijuan , Pu Shuli , Liao Yunfeng , Du Hong , Wang Deqiang , Chen Liang , Niu Siqiang 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of aztreonam-avibactam-auranofin (ATM-AVI-AUR) against a collection of 88 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) clinical isolates and 6 in vitro selected ATM-AVI-resistant CPE with CMY-16 Tyr150Ser and Asn346His mutants or transformants.MethodsMICs of imipenem, ceftazidime-avibact8am (CAZ-AVI), ATM-AVI, CAZ-AVI-AUR and ATM-AVI-AUR were determined via the broth microdilution method. Genetic background and carbapenemase genes were determined by PCR and Sanger sequencing.ResultsAUR alone showed little antibacterial activity with AUR MICs were greater than 64 μg/mL for all the 88 clinical CPE isolates. The addition of AUR (16 μg/mL) resulted in an 3-folding dilutions MIC reduction of ATM-AVI MIC50 (0.5 to 0.0625 μg/mL) and a 2-folding dilutions MIC reduction of MIC90 (1 to 0.25 μg/mL) against all 88 clinical CPE isolates, respectively. Notably, the reduced ATM-AVI MIC values were mainly found in MBL-producers, and the MIC50 and MIC90 reduced by 2-folding dilutions (0.25 to 0.0625 μg/mL) and 3-folding dilutions (2 to 0.25 μg/mL) respectively by AUR among the 51 MBL-producers. By contrast, the addition of AUR did not showed significant effects on ATM-AVI MIC50 (0.0625 μg/mL) and MIC90 (0.125 μg/mL) among single KPC-producers. Interestingly, the addition of AUR restored the ATM-AVI susceptibility against the 6 in vitro selected ATM-AVI-resistant CMY-16 Tyr150Ser and Asn346His mutants or transfromants, with the MICs reduced from ≥32 μg/mL (32-&gt;256 μg/mL) to ≤8 μg/mL (0.0625-8 μg/mL).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that AUR potentiated the activities of CAZ-AVI and ATM-AVI against MBL-producing isolates in vitro. Importantly, AUR restored the ATM-AVI activity against ATM-AVI resistant mutant strains. As a clinically approved drug, AUR might be repurposed in combination with ATM-AVI to treat infections caused by highly resistant MBL-producing Enterobacterales.
Impact of Renal Function on Effectiveness and Safety Associated With Low Dose Dabigatran in Non-valve Atrial Fibrillation Patients After Catheter Ablation
Authors: Li Xiaoye , Zuo Chengchun , Ji Qiuyi , Wang Zi , Lv Qianzhou 
Published: October 2021

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of 110 mg dabigatran in non-valve atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients with different eGFRs.Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study to investigate the effectiveness and safety of 110 mg dabigatran for NVAF patients between January 2017 and December 2018 based on the eGFR category.Results: A total of 560 NVAF patients who treated with 110 mg dabigatran were included for analysis. In 12 months, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that the lower eGFR subgroups were more likely to experience thrombosis, bleeding, and cumulative events earlier (P = 0.021 for thrombosis; P = 0.026 for bleeding; P = 0.001 for cumulative events). Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred more frequently in the moderate group than in other groups (6.94% in the moderate group vs. 1.54% in the mild group vs. 1.22% in the normal group, P = 0.028). By multivariate analysis, chronic kidney disease (P = 0.043; OR = 4.273, 95% CI 1.043–17.543) and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.023; OR = 2.194, 95% CI 1.114–4.323) were independent predictors of the composite endpoints. A positive linear relationship was observed between eGFR levels and occurrence rate of thrombosis and bleeding under anticoagulation patients with 110 mg dabigatran (R2 = 0.432 and R2 = 0.784, respectively).Conclusions: Impaired renal function was associated with decreased safety and increased thrombosis risks in NVAF patients taking low dose dabigatran.