bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El ecosistema emprendedor de Córdoba: un análisis sistémico
Authors: Silvia Aisa  , Daniel Parisi  
Published: December 2021

La Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, es reconocida nacional e internacionalmente por sus emprendimientos y sus instituciones de apoyo. Con el objetivo de cuantificar y dimensionar el ecosistema se realizó un relevamiento a instituciones de la provincia para analizar siete dimensiones: cultura emprendedora, sistema educativo, demanda local, capital social, entorno de los emprendedores, políticas públicas e infraestructura y RR.HH. del modelo elaborado por PRODEM y adaptado para este trabajo. Los resultados son diferenciados entre instituciones que están ubicadas en la ciudad capital de la provincia o en el interior, como así también el sector al que pertenecen.
Abstract
The Province of Córdoba, Argentina, is nationally and internationally acknowledged for its entrepreneurs and its support institutions. With the aim of quantify and size the entrepreneur ecosystem, a survey was carried out on institutions to analyze seven dimensions: entrepreneurial culture, educational system, local demand, social capital, environment, public policies and infrastructure and human resources of the model developed by PRODEM and adapted for this work. The results obtained are differentiated between institutions that are located in the capital city of the province or in the inland, as well as the sector they belong to.
Implementasi Program Full Day School Dalam Meningkatkan Akhlak Peserta Didik
Authors: Jariyah Siti Ainun , Nihayah Ishmatun 
Published: December 2021

Full day school is a learning process program conducted a full day. Where student activities regarding the learning process are carried out more at school rather than at home, to avoid and minimize negative student activities after school. This study used field research which was classified into qualitative descriptive. The method of data collection used the interview, observation, and documentation. The method of data analysis used data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. After researchers conducted research at Pacet 1 Public Senior High School, the findings of researchers 1) Implementation of full day school programs in schools. The learning process starts at 6:45 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., taking breaks for two times. (b) the implementation of learning is carried out all day long for the interior and adding material, (c) the teaching staff and the placement of students in the morning class are differentiated in the afternoon class, (d) the implementation of learning in class is mostly carried out outside the classroom so that students do not get bored. 2) While the Implementation of the Full Day School Program in Improving the Morals of Students in Pacet 1 Public Senior High School, namely: (a) the addition and strengthening of religion wherein the material is directly related to morals, (b) the existence of superior programs such as: designed education Based on tawhid, education that is not limited to theory and which is easily applied by students in everyday life. (c) the methods used are: habituation method, exemplary, giving advice.
Bireylerin Covid-19 Sürecindeki Sigara Bırakma Başarılarının Bazı Değişkenler Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇITAK Şenel 
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 virüsün dünya geneli 2,5 milyonun üzerinde insanın ölümüne neden olması ülkeleri sıkı karantina ve sağlık tedbirleri almaya zorlamış ve insanlar daha önce hiç tecrübe etmedikleri bir sürece girmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada Covid-19 salgınında bireylerin salgın öncesi ve sonrası sigara içme, sigara içmeyi devam ettirme ve sigarayı bırakma davranışlarını belirlemenin yanında sigara bırakma başarısı ile yaş, eğitim düzeyi, mevcut çalışma durumu, çevresindeki insanların virüsten etkilenme düzeyi ve yaşadıkları kaygı durumları gibi bazı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Katılımcılara araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen 15 soruluk bir anket formu ve Sigara Bırakma Başarısı Öngörü Ölçeği (SBBÖÖ) uygulanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel araştırma yöntemlerine uygun olarak yürütülmüş ve kolay örnekleme yöntemi çerçevesinde Türkiye geneli 18-65 yaş arası 545 (K=256, E= 289) kişiye ulaşılmıştır. SPSS analizleri kapsamında tanımlayıcı istatistik, ANOVA ve bağımsız grup t testi kullanılmıştır.
Katılımcıların %31,9’unda sigara içme davranışında azalmalar olmuş, %25,8’i ise sigarayı tamamen bırakmıştır. Yakın çevresinde virüs salgınına yakalanan insanların varlığı ve aktif kazanç getiren çalışma durumu, bireyin sigara bırakma başarısını artıran güçlü değişkenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan bireylerin salgın sürecindeki kaygı/endişeleri ciddi düzeyde arttıkça sigarayı bırakma başarılarının düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda sigara bırakma davranışının arttırılması için salgın dönemlerinde psiko-sosyal müdahale destek sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Landau Modes are Eigenmodes of Stellar Systems in the Limit of Zero Collisions
Authors: Ng C. S. , Bhattacharjee A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We consider the spectrum of eigenmodes in a stellar system dominated by gravitational forces in the limit of zero collisions. We show analytically and numerically using the Lenard–Bernstein collision operator that the Landau modes, which are not true eigenmodes in a strictly collisionless system (except for the Jeans unstable mode), become part of the true eigenmode spectrum in the limit of zero collisions. Under these conditions, the continuous spectrum of true eigenmodes in a collisionless system, also known as the Case–van Kampen modes, is eliminated. Furthermore, because the background distribution function in a weakly collisional system can exhibit significant deviations from a Maxwellian distribution function over long times, we show that the spectrum of Landau modes can change drastically even in the presence of slight deviations from a Maxwellian, primarily through the appearance of weakly damped modes that may be otherwise heavily damped for a Maxwellian distribution. Our results provide important insights for developing statistical theories to describe thermal fluctuations in a stellar system, which are currently a subject of great interest for N-body simulations as well as observations of gravitational systems.
Fungal literature records database of the sub-Antarctic Region of Aysén, Chile
Authors: Sánchez-Jardón Laura , del Rio-Hortega Laura , Núñez Cea Noemi , Mingarro Mario , Manubens Paloma , Zambrano Sebastián , Acosta Gallo Belén 
Published: December 2021

To this day, merely 8% of all estimated fungi species are documented and, in certain regions, its biodiversity is practically unknown. Inside the Fungi Kingdom, macrofungi and lichens assume a critical part in the ecosystem functionality and have a historical connection to mankind's social, clinical and nutritious uses. Despite their importance, the diversity of these groups has been widely overlooked in the sub-Antarctic Region of Chile, a crucial area in the study of climate change due to its extraordinary biodiversity and its proximity to Antarctica. Few studies regarding both groups have been conducted in this sub-Antarctic Region and the data are still scarce and inaccessible, as these are only published in specialised journals, unreachable to local communities.This publication presents a records compilation available in previous published scientific and technical reports on macrofungi and lichen diversity. In total, 1263 occurrence records of 618 species (341 records of 251 macrofungi species and 922 records of 367 lichen species) were digitised and integrated into the regional platform Biodiversity Information System for Aysén (SIB-Aysén) and into GBIF. Here, we provide the fullest dataset on one of the most diverse group of living beings in one of the the least-known world regions.
Investir la ville. Les stratégies patrimoniales des élites urbaines laïques d’Italie centrale (XI e -XIII e siècle)
Authors: Fulconis Maxime 
Published: December 2021

Les stratégies patrimoniales et les investissements que réalisent les grands propriétaires laïcs dans les villes italiennes des xi e - xiii e siècles n’ont pas encore fait l’objet d’études détaillées et précises, l’état actuel des archives orientant plutôt le chercheur vers les patrimoines et les stratégies des institutions ecclésiastiques. Pourtant, quelques parchemins de Viterbe, qui peuvent être mis en parallèle avec des documents d’autres villes d’Italie centrale, offrent l’opportunité de dresser un portrait assez précis de la morphologie du patrimoine urbain des élites, dont le profil évolue par ailleurs au cours de la période considérée. La documentation permet également d’évaluer la rentabilité des différents types d’investissements urbains et met en lumière la faible rentabilité économique des maisons dont l’usufruit était concédé à des tenanciers. Ce type d’investissement servait avant tout à constituer au sein des quartiers des clientèles à même de soutenir le grand propriétaire en cas de faide ou dans le cadre de votes à l’assemblée populaire. Enfin, le tènement familial représentait à la fois l’épicentre du patrimoine urbain, un objet d’investissement massif et un outil qui permettait d’afficher la puissance du propriétaire et de conforter son emprise sur ses voisins et ses clients. Ces stratégies d’investissements, qui incluent la pratique du prêt, contribuèrent ainsi à transformer l’économie, la société et le fonctionnement politique des villes d’Italie et marquèrent leur évolution. Elles permettent donc de mieux comprendre une période de transition au cours de laquelle, dans les villes, les structures sociales et politiques de matrice carolingienne laissent progressivement place aux institutions communales.
Élites politiques et aristocratie à Byzance (V e -XV e siècles)
Authors: Puech Vincent 
Published: December 2021

L’Empire byzantin n’est pas gouverné par une noblesse car les titres de cour ne sont pas héréditaires. Il est même difficile de parler d’aristocratie car les élites byzantines constituent un groupe social ouvert. Entre le v e et le xv e siècle, ces élites se caractérisent par une grande continuité, héritée de l’Empire romain tardif. L’empereur nomme à des dignités auliques et à des fonctions administratives, qui sont souvent achetées et procurent les plus grosses fortunes. Ce système de gouvernement est aussi marqué par la corruption et les relations de fidélité entre les hommes. L’appartenance familiale prédispose à l’occupation des postes de pouvoir, à la fois grâce aux réseaux sociaux et aux biens hérités. Des évolutions se manifestent néanmoins au cours du millénaire byzantin, sans que l’on puisse parler de « Moyen Âge grec ». Les élites de l’Antiquité tardive se renouvellent à une grande vitesse, même dans l’entourage impérial. Après le viii e siècle apparaissent les noms lignagers transmissibles caractéristiques d’une aristocratie placée au sommet du groupe des élites et particulièrement spécialisée dans la guerre. À partir du xii e siècle, les plus hautes dignités de cour sont réservées aux membres des dynasties impériales constituées par une politique matrimoniale. Au même moment se généralise au bénéfice de la plus haute aristocratie la dévolution des revenus à la source, sous le contrôle de l’empereur, qui distribuait jusqu’alors directement ses largesses.
Laminin Isoforms in Human Dental Pulp: Lymphatic Vessels Express Laminin-332, and Schwann Cell–Associated Laminin-211 Modulates CD163 Expression of M2-like Macrophages
Authors: Yoshiba Nagako , Edanami Naoki , Ohkura Naoto , Maekawa Tomoki , Takahashi Naoki , Tsuzuno Takahiro , Maeda Takeyasu , Tabeta Koichi , Izumi Kenji , Noiri Yuichiro , Yoshiba Kunihiko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Laminin, a basement membrane heterotrimeric glycoprotein composed of α/β/γ subunits, has important tissue-specific functions in the control of cellular behavior. Our recent study showed the colocalization of CD163+ M2-like macrophages with Schwann cells in human dental pulp, leading us to hypothesize that the laminin isoform of Schwann cells is associated with CD163 expression. The present study investigated the distribution of laminin isoforms in human dental pulp and the underlying mechanisms that affect macrophage phenotypes. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that blood vessels were exclusively positive for laminin α4 and α5, whereas laminin α2 was associated with Schwann cells. Unexpectedly, laminin α3/laminin-332 (α3β3γ2) was detected on lymphatic vessels. In intact and carious teeth, CD163+ cells were associated with laminin α2, whereas CD206 single-positive cells were present inside, outside, and along blood vessels. In vitro incubation of THP-1 macrophages in plates coated with laminin-211/511 or its functionally analogous E8 fragments of α-chain (E8-α) indicated that cell shapes differed between macrophages grown on laminin-211/E8-α2 and macrophages grown on laminin-511/E8-α5. Laminin-211/E8-α2–coated plates upregulated CD163 expression, compared with laminin-511/E8-α5–coated plates. Integrin α3– and integrin α6–neutralizing Abs altered the shape of THP-1 macrophages and upregulated mRNA levels of CD206 and CD163 in macrophages grown on laminin-511; the neutralizing Abs did not affect macrophages grown on laminin-211. These findings suggest that laminin isoforms differentially regulate macrophage behavior via distinct integrin–laminin affinities. Of note, laminin-332 is expressed by pulpal lymphatic vessels, the existence of which has been debated; laminin-211 might have a role in maintaining CD163 expression on macrophages.
Mucosal Vaccination with Cyclic Dinucleotide Adjuvants Induces Effective T Cell Homing and IL-17–Dependent Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Jong Robyn M , Van Dis Erik , Berry Samuel B , Nguyenla Xammy , Baltodano Alexander , Pastenkos Gabrielle , Xu Chenling , Fox Douglas , Yosef Nir , McWhirter Sarah M , Stanley Sarah A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tuberculosis consistently causes more deaths worldwide annually than any other single pathogen, making new effective vaccines an urgent priority for global public health. Among potential adjuvants, STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) uniquely stimulate a cytosolic sensing pathway activated only by pathogens. Recently, we demonstrated that a CDN-adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine robustly protects against tuberculosis infection in mice. In this study, we delineate the mechanistic basis underlying the efficacy of CDN vaccines for tuberculosis. CDN vaccines elicit CD4 T cells that home to lung parenchyma and penetrate into macrophage lesions in the lung. Although CDNs, like other mucosal vaccines, generate B cell–containing lymphoid structures in the lungs, protection is independent of B cells. Mucosal vaccination with a CDN vaccine induces Th1, Th17, and Th1–Th17 cells, and protection is dependent upon both IL-17 and IFN-γ. Single-cell RNA sequencing experiments reveal that vaccination enhances a metabolic state in Th17 cells reflective of activated effector function and implicate expression of Tnfsf8 (CD153) in vaccine-induced protection. Finally, we demonstrate that simply eliciting Th17 cells via mucosal vaccination with any adjuvant is not sufficient for protection. A vaccine adjuvanted with deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) failed to protect against tuberculosis infection when delivered mucosally, despite eliciting Th17 cells, highlighting the unique promise of CDNs as adjuvants for tuberculosis vaccines.
Home-based unsupervised pulmonary rehabilitation program improves the respiratory disability in systemic sclerosis patients with dyspnea: an observational prospective study
Authors: Faverzani Silvia , Nocera Filippo , Crisafulli Ernesto , Marvisi Maurizio , Becciolini Andrea , Mosetti Federica , Di Donato Eleonora , Mozzani Flavio , Santilli Daniele , Scopelliti Giuseppe , Ariani Alarico 
Published: December 2021

Dyspnea is a common symptom in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) that considerably decreases patients’ quality of life (QoL). Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) mitigates dyspnea impact on daily activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on respiratory disability of home-based PR in SSc patients with dyspnea. In this observational prospective monocentric study, we screened all dyspneic SSc consecutive patients attending the Rheumatological day hospital in the University hospital of Parma from January 2019 and June 2019. The aim of our study was to understand if a PR unsupervised home-based program could improve respiratory disability in this specific population. Dyspnea was evaluated with the self-administered questionnaires modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) and Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).Patients also filled in Short Form 36 (SF36) and the Modified-Health Assessment Questionnaire for SSc (HAQ-MOD). Health Professionals assessed and trained the patients and collected data before PR and at the end of the program. PR consisted in 5 weekly unsupervised sessions for 8 weeks. Wilcoxon test for paired data evaluated the changes after PR. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. 46 SSc patients were included (43 female). Only 31 (29 female) performed PR as planned (Adherent Group-AG) while the others gave up within the first week (Non-Adherent Group-NAG). All SGRQ domains (Symptoms: from 30 to 18; p=0.0055; Activity: from 47 to 35, p=0.23; Impact from 29 to 25, p=0.044) and SGRQ total score (from 35 to 29; p=0.022) improved in AG. SGRQ scores did not change in NAG as well as SF36 and HAQ-MOD in both groups. The home-based PR program dramatically decreased the effect, frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms. Conversely, it slightly changed the activities causing breathlessness and dyspnea-related social functioning disturbances. PR appears to be a useful tool in treatment strategies aiming to achieve a QoL improvement in SSc patients.
Saudi Arabian real-life experience with biologic therapy in severe asthma
Authors: Eldaboussi Safwat , Qabil Ahmed , Lotfi Ahmed , Awad Amgad , Abdel Salam Eman , Alkhamis Abdullah , Abuelhassan Usama E. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Severe asthma (SA) is a common health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality and high medical costs. Biological therapies have emerged in recent decades as promising treatment options for patients with high type 2 (T2) SA. This retrospective observational study from Saudi Arabia aimed to investigate the effects of additional biologics therapy on reducing oral corticosteroid (OCS) consumption, frequency of asthma exacerbations, improvement in lung function, and asthma control.Methods: This multicenter observational study enrolled a cohort of 97 patients from Mach 2019 to February 2021. Outcomes of anti-IgE, anti-IL5/IL5R, and anti-IL4R therapies in severe type 2 asthma were recorded and analyzed in terms of number of exacerbations (emergency visits or hospitalizations required), asthma symptoms, and use of oral corticosteroids, blood eosinophil count, asthma control according to GINA classification, and FEV1 before and during biologic therapy.Results: Ninety-seven patients were included in the analysis The mean age was 46.7±14.1 years, and 69.1% of them were female. The average duration of biological treatment was 16.4±6.8 months. At the time of data collection, the four biologic therapies reduced the exacerbation rate per year from 82/97 (84.5%) to 14/97 (14.4%) with a percent improvement of 83% from 2.9 per year in the year before biologic treatment to 1.6 per year (p<0.001). OCS was reduced from 75/97 (77.3%) to 10/97 (10.3%) for a percent improvement of 86.7%, and the average OCS dose decreased from 7.12 mg to 6.8 mg. Mean blood eosinophil count also decreased after biologic therapy from 750.5±498.5 to 188.0±122.4 cells/μl, most significant result achieved with benralizumab, and mean FEV1 improved from 59.0±12.9% to 76.0±10.2%, most significant result achieved with omalizumab. ll patients had uncontrolled asthma before biologics therapy, but asthma control improved by 91.8% after treatment.Conclusions: Biologic as add-on therapy for high T2 SA was found to reduce asthma exacerbations, systemic glucocorticoid doses, and SA symptoms.
Epidemiology of Overuse Injuries in US Secondary School Athletics From 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 Using the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program
Authors: Post Eric G. , Simon Janet E. , Robison Hannah , Morris Sarah N. , Bell David R. 
Published: December 2021

Context
With 8 million annual US high school student-athletes, the epidemiology of sport-related injuries has garnered significant interest. The most recent studies examining overuse injury rates in high school sports were based on data from 2012 to 2013 and, therefore, may not reflect current overuse injury rates in high school sports.

Objective
To (1) determine overuse time-loss (TL) and non–time-loss (NTL) injury rates among high school student-athletes using National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network Surveillance Program (NATION-SP) data collected from 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 and (2) compare overuse injury rates based on student-athlete sex defined by whether it was a boys' sport or a girls' sport, the sport itself, and the injury location.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
Online injury surveillance from 211 high schools (345 individual years of high school data).

Patients or Other Participants
Athletes who participated in secondary school–sponsored boys' or girls' sports.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Boys' and girls' overuse injury data from the NATION-SP during the 2014–2015 to 2018–2019 school years were analyzed. Overuse injuries were identified using a combination of the reported injury mechanism and diagnosis. Time-loss injuries resulted in restriction from participation beyond the day of injury; NTL injuries did not result in restriction from participation beyond the day of injury or involved no lost time due to the injury. Injury counts, rates, and rate ratios (IRRs) were reported with 95% CIs.

Results
The total overuse injury rate was 5.3/10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs; 95% CI = 5.1, 5.7), the NTL overuse injury rate was 3.4/10 000 AEs (95% CI = 3.1, 3.6), and the TL overuse injury rate was 2.0/10 000 AEs (95% CI = 1.8, 2.2). The overuse injury rate was greater in girls' sports compared with boys' sports (IRR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.7, 2.1). The highest rates of overuse injury were observed in girls' cross-country (19.2/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 15.0, 24.2), girls' track and field (16.0/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 13.5, 18.8), and girls' field hockey (15.1/10 000 AEs; 95% CI = 10.2, 21.6). Overuse injury rates were higher for the lower extremity than the upper extremity (IRR = 5.7; 95% CI = 4.9, 6.7) and for the lower extremity than the trunk and spine (IRR = 8.9; 95% CI = 7.3, 10.8).

Conclusions
Awareness of the overuse injury risk, as well as prevention and intervention recommendations, is necessary and should be specifically targeted at cross-country, field hockey, and track and field athletes.
Congenital cleft earlobe repair by triangular flap technique
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Aggarwal Krittika , Beniwal Meenu 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Congenital cleft earlobe is a common congenital deformity of earlobe. Various techniques have been described for its repair, but cosmetic deformity usually persists. We present our result using triangular flap repair for simple longitudinal cleft of earlobe.

Materials and Methods:
The procedure was done in five cases who presented between 2017 and 2020. The technique uses the same principles as in Randall-Tennison triangular flap repair for cleft lip.

Results:
Earlobes were near-symmetrical, postoperative scar minimal and patient satisfaction was very good in all cases. Ear piercing was done without any complications at least 6 months after surgery. After a follow-up of 1 year, no complications were noted.

Conclusions:
Triangular flap repair technique for cleft earlobe follows the principles of Randall-Tennison triangular flap repair for cleft lip. It provides very good results with esthetic contour, minimal scar with no complications in case of simple longitudinal cleft.