bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate‐dependent sulfur respiration in halo(alkali)philic archaea
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Messina Enzo , Smedile Francesco , La Cono Violetta , Hallsworth John E. , Yakimov Michail M. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryArchaea are environmentally ubiquitous on Earth, and their extremophilic and metabolically versatile phenotypes make them useful as model systems for astrobiology. Here, we reveal a new functional group of halo(natrono)archaea able to utilize alpha‐d‐glucans (amylopectin, amylose and glycogen), sugars, and glycerol as electron donors and carbon sources for sulfur respiration. They are facultative anaerobes enriched from hypersaline sediments with either amylopectin, glucose or glycerol as electron/carbon sources and elemental sulfur as the terminal electron acceptor. They include 10 strains of neutrophilic haloarchaea from circum pH‐neutral lakes and one natronoarchaeon from soda‐lake sediments. The neutrophilic isolates can grow by fermentation, although addition of S0 or dimethyl sulfoxide increased growth rate and biomass yield (with a concomitant decrease in H2). Natronoarchaeal isolate AArc‐S grew only by respiration, either anaerobically with S0 or thiosulfate as the terminal electron acceptor, or aerobically. Through genome analysis of five representative strains, we detected the full set of enzymes required for the observed catabolic and respiratory phenotypes. These findings provide evidence that sulfur‐respiring haloarchaea partake in biogeochemical sulfur cycling, linked to terminal anaerobic carbon mineralization in hypersaline anoxic habitats. We discuss the implications for life detection in analogue environments such as the polar subglacial brine‐lakes of Mars.
How to Lose Weight well, According to How to Lose Weight well
Authors: Stubbs Joshua E. , Stubbs Toby C. T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Authorities in the UK hope to “tackle obesity” by encouraging people to “eat better and move more”. But what sort of dietary changes are most effective? Joshua E. Stubbs and Toby C. T. Stubbs look to a TV show for answers
Review article: Developing the Australian and New Zealand Guideline for Mild to Moderate Head Injuries in Children: An adoption/adaption approach
Authors: Tavender Emma , Ballard Dustin W , Wilson Agnes , Borland Meredith L , Oakley Ed , Cotterell Elizabeth , Wilson Catherine L , Ring Jenny , Dalziel Stuart R , Babl Franz E ,   Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) released the Australian and New Zealand Guideline for Mild to Moderate Head Injuries in Children in 2021. We describe innovative and practical methods used to develop this guideline. Informed by GRADE‐ADOLOPMENT and ADAPTE frameworks, we adopted or adapted recommendations from multiple high‐quality guidelines or developed de novo recommendations. A Guideline Steering Committee and a multidisciplinary Guideline Working Group of 25 key stakeholder representatives formulated the guideline scope and developed 33 clinical questions. We identified four relevant high‐quality source guidelines; their recommendations were mapped to clinical questions. The choice of guideline recommendation, if more than one guideline addressed a question, was based on its appropriateness, currency of the literature, access to evidence, and relevance. Updated literature searches identified 440 new studies and key new evidence identified. The decision to develop adopted, adapted or de novo recommendations was based on the supporting evidence‐base and its transferability to the local setting. The guideline underwent a 12‐week consultation period. The final guideline consisted of 35 evidence‐informed and 17 consensus‐based recommendations and 19 practice points. An algorithm to inform imaging and observation decision‐making was also developed. The resulting process was an efficient and rigorous way to develop a guideline based on existing high‐quality guidelines from different settings.
Angiogenic markers predict kidney injury and obstetric complications in women with preeclampsia and pregnancy‐related acute kidney injury
Authors: Shemies Rasha Samir , Gaber Tamer Zaki , Baiomy Azza , Aladle Doaa A. , Mosbah Alaa , Abdel‐hady El‐Said , Sayed‐Ahmed Nagy , Sobh Mohammed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPregnancy‐related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) particularly on top of preeclampsia (PE) represents a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Reliable diagnostic tools are needed to further evaluate the diagnosis and prognosis of PRAKI. Our objective was to study the diagnostic and prognostic value of angiogenic markers (e.g., stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alarmins as uric acid) in women with PE and PRAKI. This prospective study included three groups; PRAKI, PE patients, and healthy controls that were compared regarding serum levels of the studied markers correlated to renal, maternal, and fetal outcomes. SDF‐1, VEGF, and uric acid levels were significantly different between the three included groups and predicted PRAKI diagnosis. Patients with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome exhibited the highest titers of SDF‐1 and VEGF. A positive correlation was found between SDF‐1 and renal recovery. Conclusively, serum assays of SDF‐1, VEGF, and uric acid may add a diagnostic value in PRAKI and PE.
Analysis of dietary intake, diet cost and food group expenditure from a 24‐hour food record collected in a sample of Australian university students
Authors: McCartney Danielle , Desbrow Ben , Khalesi Saman , Irwin Christopher 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimUniversity students often cite increased monetary cost as a major barrier to improved eating behaviours. Here, we examine food expenditure behaviours in a sample of Australian university students.MethodsStudents (n = 147) collected and analysed a 24‐hour food record to determine their food group and nutrient intakes, then costed the food and non‐tap water beverages consumed in the amounts recorded. Diet cost and food group expenditure (absolute and relative to total diet cost) were calculated and compared across socio‐demographic characteristics. Spearman's Rho correlations and partial correlations (controlling for energy intake) were also used to identify associations between diet cost and intake.ResultsThe median (IQR) 24‐hour diet cost was $12.42 ($7.06). However, students who worked ≥20 h·wk−1 had a higher diet cost than those who worked <20 h·wk−1 (P = .002) or were unemployed (P = .002). Relative food group expenditure also differed by sex, employment status and whether special dietary requirements were reported (P's < .05). For instance, males reported spending a smaller relative amount on the fruit and vegetables food groups and a larger relative amount on discretionary choices than females (P's < 0.05). Higher diet costs were also associated with greater intakes of the fruit, vegetables and lean meat and alternatives food groups, protein, alcohol, water and calcium, and lower intakes of the grain foods food group and carbohydrate (P's < .05).ConclusionsThese findings provide insight into university students' food expenditure behaviours and may assist health professionals to develop targeted strategies and tailored advice aimed at improving their dietary behaviours.
Why the History of Parliament Has Not Been Written*
Authors: Seaward Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere have been legions of individual studies of the history of the English/British/United Kingdom parliament, which is not surprising, since its history is widely acknowledged to be so closely bound up with the history of the nation state itself. But there have been remarkably few attempts to put the story together, to try to consider the long‐term development of parliament as an institution. What would such a story look like? This essay discusses some of the critiques of the whiggish narrative of constitutional and parliamentary development to recognise a common theme in whiggism's tendency to anthropomorphise parliament, to describe it as a single organism with agency and purpose. To forgo that temptation, however, makes it difficult to provide a satisfying narrative of parliament over time. The essay tries to imagine how one might construct a history of parliament as an institution which no longer sees it as an actor in its own story, but, instead, a complex collection of ideas, processes, customs, and conventions, which competing forces struggle to organise in order to achieve their goals, and which is also an arena and forum for that competition.
A.F. Pollard*
Authors: Cavill Paul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA.F. Pollard is now better remembered for founding the Institute of Historical Research than he is for his scholarship. In his heyday, however, Pollard was a formidable and prolific historian, primarily of parliament and the Tudor period. Pollard has been characterised both as a modernist and as a whig historian. Rejecting romantic invocations of liberty, he extolled instead the sovereign nation state, pinpointing the 16th century as the moment when it was achieved. Pollard rejected anachronistic accounts of parliament's development: for him, the assembly had grown by accident (out of the medieval king's council), rather than by design. This adaptability had ensured parliament's longevity and would preserve it into the future. Pollard revered the English parliament all the more for its embodiment of this national good fortune. Pollard helped to professionalise the discipline of history, but his own writings could be found wanting when measured against the standards that he had advocated. Criticism of his approach and assumptions comes easily now. Yet, upon reacquaintance, historians of parliament may find enduring interest in Pollard's shrewd and extensive work.
Constitutionalists, Despots, Whigs, and Revisionists: Tudor Parliamentary History in the 20th Century
Authors: Kyle Chris R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe 20th century was the great age of Tudor parliamentary history. This essay examines the contributions and profound changes to the field made by the leading historians of the era, especially Sir John Neale and Sir Geoffrey Elton. Taking as its starting point the whiggish ideas of Stubbs's Constitutional History of England, it traces the impact of A.F. Pollard, G.M. Trevelyan, and Sir Lewis Namier on the field. At its core, though, lie the often acrimonious differences of opinion between Neale and his pupil, Elton. For Neale the Elizabethan parliaments were characterised by an increasingly puritanical Commons eager to wrest control of debates on religion and the succession away from the queen. In so doing this created a constitutional clash that would eventually lead to civil war in the mid 17th century. This ‘orthodoxy’ was savagely critiqued by a revisionist ‘school’ led by Elton that dismantled the interpretation of Neale and replaced it with an institution that was not dominated by political conflict but by largely consensual politics. It was also a position that gave equal weight to the Lords and to the importance of the business of parliament – legislation. The revisionists were masters of critique and highly effective at demolishing Neale, but did little to replace his theories or to explain religio‐political conflict – in doing so it could be argued that they killed the subject. The essay ends by suggesting some new approaches to Tudor parliaments that could help revitalise the subject.
Writing Scottish Parliamentary History, c.1500–1707
Authors: Blakeway Amy , Stewart Laura A.M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the 19th and 20th centuries, scholarship on the Scottish parliament was heavily informed by a narrative of ‘failure’, directed at explaining why its members voted it out of existence in 1707. Part of the problem was the tendency to see any deviation from the practices of the Westminster parliament as weakness. By reappraising parliament in terms of its utility to those who comprised its membership, notably the titled peerage and the monarch, historians have revealed its adaptability and inventiveness, especially in times of crisis. This essay considers how fresh approaches both to what constituted the parliamentary record and what can – and cannot – be found within it have exerted a transformative influence on our understanding of parliament's evolving role in Scottish political life. Although the Reformation crisis of 1560 and the accession of the ruling house of Stewart to the English throne in 1603 effected profound changes on parliamentary culture, this essay emphasises how parliament sustained its legitimacy and relevance, in part, by drawing on past practices and ideas. Historians have become more attentive in recent years to the means by which social groupings ordinarily excluded from formal parliamentary activity were nonetheless able to engage with, and influence, its proceedings. Gaps remain in our knowledge, however. Some periods have been more intensively studied than others, while certain aspects of parliamentary culture are understudied. The writing of Scottish parliamentary history will continue to offer rich possibilities in future.
‘High Politics’ and its Intellectual Contexts*
Authors: Middleton Alex 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent interest in the historiography of ‘high politics’ has centred mainly on historians writing in the 1960s and 1970s, above all Maurice Cowling. Less attention has been paid to the modified agendas pursued by the next generation of scholars. This essay explores some pioneering attempts to make sense of the structural relationships between 19th‐century British ‘high politics’ and its ‘intellectual’ contexts, focusing on a cluster of seminal 1980s studies by the historians Michael Bentley, Richard Brent, Boyd Hilton, and Jonathan Parry. Together, these works demanded a fundamental rethinking of how Victorian politics operated.
An Irish Party and the British Parliament: Conor Cruise O'Brien's Parnell and His Party
Authors: Bull Philip 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis essay reassesses the importance of Conor Cruise O'Brien's Parnell and His Party, 1880–90, originally published in 1957, with particular reference to its significance in the history of the British parliament. While establishing the book's continuing relevance, both as a study of a specific political phenomenon and as a model for analysing political movements, the essay questions aspects which do not hold up in the light of subsequent research. In particular, O'Brien's account and interpretation of Parnell's behaviour in 1890–1 in the aftermath of the O'Shea divorce case is shown to be inadequate in the light of more recent research and writing.
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy as single treatment for early stage non‐small cell lung cancer: A single institution analysis
Authors: Zheng Xiaoli , Sun Yanan , Ye Ke , Fan Chengcheng , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Yang , Jiao Ruidi , Ge Hong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is the current standard‐of‐care in cases of inoperable early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (ES‐NSCLC). This study aimed to assess the survival outcomes and recurrence patterns after SABR for ES‐NSCLC in a hospital setting.MethodsA single‐institution retrospective study was performed which included 109 patients who had undergone SABR. The main study endpoints were overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence free survival (RRFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS). Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to explore the potential factors which might be related to patient survival.ResultsA total of 109 patients were enrolled into the study. Median follow‐up was 44 months (range: 2–93 months). (i) Recurrence results: Among 45 patients with recurrence, 30 patients (28%) had distant metastasis (DM), 17 patients (16%) had local recurrence (LR), 10 patients (9%) had regional recurrence (RR) of lymph nodes and two patients (2%) had second primary lung cancer (SPLC). (ii) Survival results: Median OS, CSS, PFS was 78 months, 78 and 40 months. Two‐year OS, CSS, PFS, LRFS, RRFS and DMFS was 84.7%, 87.1%, 69.2%, 86.8%, 92.7% and 78.0%, respectively. Four‐year OS, CSS, PFS, LRFS, RRFS and DMFS was 55.6%, 60.7%, 37.3%, 76.3%, 88.4% and 59.4%, respectively. (iii) Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age was a prognostic factor of CSS in patients aged <75 years (P = 0.04 HR 2.12 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–4.33).ConclusionsAlthough high survival rates can be achieved in ES‐NSCLC patients treated with SABR, using SABR on its own may not be enough. Prolonged surveillance and adjuvant therapy is therefore needed.
Clinical influence of switching companion diagnostic tests for EGFR‐TKs from Therascreen to Cobas v2
Authors: Uchibori Ken , Takano Natsuki , Manabe Ryo , Tsugitomi Ryosuke , Ogusu Shinsuke , Tozuka Takehiro , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Amino Yoshiaki , Ariyasu Ryo , Kitazono Satoru , Yanagitani Noriko , Nishio Makoto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral companion diagnostic (CDx) tests for epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) have been approved. In our institute, the CDx test for EGFR‐TKIs was changed from the Therascreen test (Therascreen) to the Cobas EGFR v2 test (Cobas) because only Cobas was approved for the use of osimertinib in patients with EGFR‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with T790M mutations. The clinical influence of switching the CDx test has not yet been examined comprehensively.MethodsAll serial patients with lung cancer tested for EGFR mutations with CDx tests between February 2014 and February 2016 at the Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR) were enrolled in this analysis.ResultsTherascreen was used as a CDx test for EGFR‐TKI therapy in 607 patients between February 2014 and January 2015, and Cobas was used in 621 patients between February 2015 and February 2016. EGFR mutations were detected in 218 patients (35.9%) and 244 patients (39.3%) tested with Therascreen and Cobas, respectively. At the initial diagnosis, 400 and 459 patients were tested with Therascreen and Cobas, respectively. EGFR mutation subtypes, including del19, L858R, and others, were detected in 13.0%, 17.0%, and 2.5% of patients using Therascreen and 17.4%, 14.4%, and 1.5% of patients using Cobas, respectively.ConclusionsNo significant impact of switching from Therascreen to Cobas as the CDx test for EGFR mutations in clinical practice was observed. However, the detection pattern of the EGFR mutation subtypes between the two CDx tests was slightly different.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyWe examined the influence of changing the EGFR test in 1228 patients in total. The detection rate of EGFR mutations was similar. However, the detection pattern for EGFR subtype mutations was slightly different between the two tests.What this study addsSwitching CDx tests from target polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐ to next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based methods may lead to obvious changes in clinical practice. When the CDx test is required to change, the investigation of this influence is warranted in future studies.
Clinical impact of rebiopsy among patients with epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma in a real‐world clinical setting
Authors: Nam Yunha , Kim Ho Cheol , Kim Young‐Chul , Jang Seung Hun , Lee Kye Young , Lee Shin Yup , Lee Sang Hoon , Lee Sung Yong , Yoon Seong Hoon , Ryu Jeong‐Seon , Jang Tae Won , Chang Yoon Soo , Kim Seung Joon , Park Chan Kwon , Lee Jeong Eun , Jung Chi Young , Choi Chang‐Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we investigated the risk factors of acquired T790M mutation among patients with lung adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine mutation who were treated with EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The aim was to identify the clinical impact of rebiopsy.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted in South Korea from January 2007 to June 2017. Patients with adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation who underwent rebiopsy and were treated with EGFR‐TKIs were included.ResultsOf a total of 352 patients, T790M mutation was identified in 156 (41.9%) at the time of rebiopsy. The median duration from initial biopsy to rebiopsy was 17 months. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed associations of exon 19 deletion (odds ratio [OR], 1.643; p = 0.026), absence of L858R (OR, 0.627; p = 0.042), and previous EGFR‐TKI treatment duration (OR, 1.039; p < 0.001) with T790M mutation. Previous EGFR‐TKI treatment duration (OR, 3.580; p < 0.001) was independently associated with T790M mutation. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model revealed that brain metastasis at initial diagnosis (hazard ratio, 1.390; p = 0.050) tended to be associated with T790M mutation. Among the patients with T790M mutation at rebiopsy, the osimertinib user group (n = 90) had a better one‐year survival (68.7 vs. 58.3%, p = 0.048) than the osimertinib nonuser group (n = 66).ConclusionsRebiopsy might affect the clinical course of patients with EGFR‐mutant adenocarcinoma who receive EGFR‐TKIs.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a patient with pneumothorax: A cumbersome subtype both clinically and pathologically
Authors: Fukui Takafumi , Okubo Takako , Tanimoto Naoki , Okuma Hiromichi , Shiina Yoshitaka , Kohama Mizuki , Yamada Jun , Funada Yasuhiro , Ikura Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHere, we report a case of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) that was very difficult to diagnose. A 62‐year‐old woman with a surgical history of recurrent bilateral pneumothorax was admitted to our hospital with severe dysphagia. Computed tomography (CT) detected stenosis in the lower esophagus. Immunohistochemical examination of a biopsy sample from the stenotic region was suggestive of MPM. Chemotherapy was initiated, but the patient soon weakened and died. Autopsy revealed atypical cells, identical to those seen in the biopsy sample which had spread into the stenotic esophagus and entire thoracic cavity. Although neither pleural thickening/nodules nor asbestos bodies were observed, we finally diagnosed the tumor as a biphasic‐type MPM. We re‐examined previous surgical specimens of pneumothorax and acknowledged foci of bland mesothelial cell proliferation which had the same pathological findings as tumor cells at autopsy. The lack of asbestos exposure and pleural thickening, an initial manifestation of pneumothorax, and faint cytological atypia prevented an early diagnosis. In cases of recurrent pneumothorax in elderly patients, MPM should be included in the differential diagnosis.