bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ivermectin shows clinical benefits in mild to moderate COVID19: a randomized controlled double-blind, dose-response study in Lagos
Authors: Babalola O E , Bode C O , Ajayi A A , Alakaloko F M , Akase I E , Otrofanowei E , Salu O B , Adeyemo W L , Ademuyiwa A O , Omilabu S 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Introduction
In vitro studies have shown the efficacy of Ivermectin (IV) to inhibit the SARS—CoV-2 viral replication, but questions remained as to in-vivo applications. We set out to explore the efficacy and safety of Ivermectin in persons infected with COVID19.

Methods
We conducted a translational proof of concept randomized, double blind placebo controlled, dose response and parallel group study of IV efficacy in RT—polymerase chain reaction proven COVID 19 positive patients. Sixty-two patients were randomized to three treatment groups. (A) IV 6 mg regime, (B) IV 12 mg regime (given Q84 h for 2 weeks) (C, control) Lopinavir/Ritonavir. All groups plus standard of Care.

Results
The Days to COVID negativity (DTN) was significantly and dose dependently reduced by IV (P = 0.0066). The DTN for Control were, = 9.1+/–5.2, for A 6.0 +/– 2.9 and for B 4.6 +/–3.2. Two way repeated measures ANOVA of ranked COVID 19 +/– scores at 0, 84, 168 and252h showed a significant IV treatment effect (P = 0.035) and time effect (P &lt; 0.0001). IV also tended to increase SPO2% compared to controls, P = 0.073, 95% CI—0.39 to 2.59 and increased platelet count compared to C (P = 0.037) 95%CI 5.55—162.55 × 103/ml. The platelet count increase was inversely correlated to DTN (r = –0.52, P = 0.005). No SAE was reported.

Conclusions
12mg IV regime given twice a week may have superior efficacy over 6mg IV given twice a week, and certainly over the non IV arm of the study. IV should be considered for use in clinical management of SARS-COV2, and may find applications in prophylaxis in high risk areas.
The impact of a national research assessment on the publications of sociologists in Italy
Authors: Akbaritabar Aliakbar , Bravo Giangiacomo , Squazzoni Flaminio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the impact of the second national research assessment (VQR 2004–10), which was performed in 2011 by the Italian National Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes, on publication strategies by sociologists in Italy. We reconstructed all publications from Italian sociologists in Scopus between 2006 and 2015, that is five years before and after the assessment. We also checked academic tenure and promotions during the assessment. Our results showed the potentially distortive effect of institutional signals on publications given that Italian sociologists published more in journals that were considered influential for assessment, some, however, being of doubtful quality. Our findings would suggest that the use of informed peer review and ad hoc journal ranking could stimulate adaptive responses based on strategic journal targeting to ensure publication.
Steering the transition from informal to formal service provision: labor platforms in emerging-market countries
Authors: Weber Clarissa E , Okraku Mark , Mair Johanna , Maurer Indre 
Published: February 2021

AbstractServices that are especially suited to being offered via online labor platforms, such as cleaning, driving and tutoring, are frequently performed in an informal way, especially in emerging-market countries. The informal economy is thus important for recruiting workers for labor platforms. Platform use, however, requires formal service provision, which workers in the informal economy often resist. Thus, labor platforms have to promote workers’ transition from informal to formal service provision. While recent studies have hinted at labor platforms’ fostering of formal economic activity, we know little about how such intermediation unfolds. We use a process lens and comprehensive qualitative data on labor platforms in Panama and Mexico to study how labor platforms steer workers to formal service provision. Detailing the interactive process of workers transitioning to formal service provision as triggered by labor platforms, we add to platform research and literature on intermediation between informal and formal economic activity.
Hosting Overnight Guests: Gendered Unpaid Work as a Solidarity Mechanism of Migrants in the Process of Urbanization in Turkey
Authors: Uyar Mura Elif S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article addresses overnight guest hosting, which is a widespread solidarity practice among rural-to-urban migrants in Turkey. The fieldwork, based on in-depth interviews with 28 first-generation migrant women, reveals that it was mostly the young migrant women who shouldered hosting tasks as gendered unpaid work, which deepen their time poverty and reinforce their dependence on family. The analysis highlights the links between intersectional disadvantages of young migrant women and poverty, the failure of the welfare state to provide social assistance for migrants, and the familialist character of social policy during the peak years of migration.
Interpretation of the difference in shade tolerance of two subtropical forest tree species of different successional stages at the transcriptome and physiological levels
Authors: Yu Zheng-Chao , Lin Wei , Zheng Xiao-Ting , Cai Min-Ling , Zhang Tai-Jie , Luo Yan-Na , Peng Chang-Lian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Differences in plant shade tolerance constitute a major mechanism driving the succession of forest communities in subtropical forests. However, the indirect effects of differences in light requirements on the growth of mid- and late-successional tree species are unclear, and this potential growth effect has not been explained at the transcriptome level. Here, a typical mid-successional dominant tree species, Schima superba Gardn. et Champ, and a typical late-successional dominant tree species, Cryptocarya concinna Hance were used as materials and planted under 100% full light (FL) and 30% FL (low light, LL) to explore the responses of tree species in different successional stages of subtropical forests to different light environments. Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the expression changes in genes related to growth and photoprotection under different light environments. The young leaves of S. superba accumulated more malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide radicals (${\mathrm{O}}_2^{{{}^{\bullet}}^{-}}$) under LL. A lower hormone content (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin) in the young leaves, a weaker photosynthetic capacity in the mature leaves and significant downregulation of related gene expression were also found under LL, which resulted in the total biomass of S. superba under LL being lower than that under FL. The young leaves of C. concinna had less MDA and ${\mathrm{O}}_2^{{{}^{\bullet}}^{-}}$, and a higher hormone contents under LL than those under FL. There was no significant difference in photosynthetic capacity between mature leaves in contrasting light environments. Although the biomass of C. concinna under LL was less than that under FL, the height of C. concinna under LL was higher than that under FL, indicating that C. concinna could grow well under the two light environments. Our results describing the acclimatization of light at the physiological, molecular and transcriptome levels are important for a complete understanding of successional mechanisms.
Mycetoma in West Africa
Authors: Oladele Rita Okeoghene , Ly Fatimata , Sow Douduo , Akinkugbe Ayesha O , Ocansey Bright K , Fahal Ahmed H , van de Sande Wendy W J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMycetoma is a neglected disease, which is socioeconomically important, and with the possibility of permanent disability in infected persons if not treated early. This is especially true in resource-limited settings such as West Africa, where there is a lack of facilities and skilled personnel to make a definitive laboratory diagnosis. Countries in West Africa have similar climatic conditions to Sudan. The majority of patients seek medical care very late, when there is already bone involvement, resulting in amputations. This results in poor capture of the true burden of the problem in the literature.MethodsA review of the literature revealed about 2685 documented cases in West Africa from 1929 to 2020; from 15 out of 16 countries, Senegal accounted for 74.1% (1943) of cases in the subregion.ResultsThe majority of lesions were found on the foot; however, other body parts were also reported. Rural dwellers accounted for most cases. Only 547 (20.4%) cases had identified isolates reported. Actinomycetoma accounted for 47.9% of cases, eumycetoma 39.7% and unidentified pathogens 12.4%. Actinomadura pelletieri was the predominant pathogen isolated (21.4%; 117 isolates).ConclusionThere is a dire need for capacity building, provision of facility and health education to raise awareness of this debilitating disease in West Africa.
Unification and extensive diversification of M/Orf3-related ion channel proteins in coronaviruses and other nidoviruses
Authors: Tan Yongjun , Schneider Theresa , Shukla Prakash K , Chandrasekharan Mahesh B , Aravind L , Zhang Dapeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has emphasized the need for a better understanding of the evolution of virus-host interactions. ORF3a in both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are ion channels (viroporins) implicated in virion assembly and membrane budding. Using sensitive profile-based homology detection methods, we unify the SARS-CoV ORF3a family with several families of viral proteins, including ORF5 from MERS-CoVs, proteins from beta-CoVs (ORF3c), alpha-CoVs (ORF3b), most importantly, the Matrix (M) proteins from CoVs, and more distant homologs from other nidoviruses. We present computational evidence that these viral families might utilize specific conserved polar residues to constitute an aqueous pore within the membrane-spanning region. We reconstruct an evolutionary history of these families and objectively establish the common origin of the M proteins of CoVs and Toroviruses. We also show that the divergent ORF3 clade (ORF3a/ORF3b/ORF3c/ORF5 families) represents a duplication stemming from the M protein in alpha- and beta-CoVs. By phyletic profiling of major structural components of primary nidoviruses, we present a hypothesis for their role in virion assembly of CoVs, ToroVs, and Arteriviruses. The unification of diverse M/ORF3 ion channel families in a wide range of nidoviruses, especially the typical M protein in CoVs, reveal a conserved, previously under-appreciated role of ion channels in virion assembly and membrane budding. We show that M and ORF3 are under different evolutionary pressures; in contrast to the slow evolution of M as core structural component, the ORF3 clade is under selection for diversification, which suggests it might act at the interface with host molecules and/or immune attack.
Institutional Change in the Banking Union: The Case of the Single Supervisory Mechanism
Authors: Schammo Pierre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article is about institutional change in the Banking Union. It has two related aims. The first is to engage with the law of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM)—the first pillar of the Banking Union—and in this context to discuss tensions that have lately emerged between the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and that of the German Federal Constitutional Court. The second, but main, aim of this article is to put the law of the SSM as it was enacted in the SSM Regulation, and as it was interpreted by the CJEU and by the German court, in a broader perspective of institutional change. For this purpose, this article adopts an interdisciplinary approach that seeks insights on institutional change in the political science literature. In particular, the article seeks to shed light on the role played by courts. In short, it argues that whilst the SSM is a story of change following an exogenous shock (ie the sovereign debt crisis), it is also an account of change and contestation between courts made possible by the ambiguities and incompleteness of the SSM rules. It will show that the evolution of the SSM is by no means frictionless and that it is only by tracing change from the point of the enactment of the law to its interpretation by the courts that one gains a real appreciation of the dynamics and salience of change within the SSM.
rasterdiv - an Information Theory tailored R package for measuring ecosystem heterogeneity from space: to the origin and back
Authors: Rocchini Duccio , Thouverai Elisa , Marcantonio Matteo , Iannacito Martina , Da Re Daniele , Torresani Michele , Bacaro Giovanni , Bazzichetto Manuele , Bernardi Alessandra , Foody Giles M. , Furrer Reinhard , Kleijn David , Larsen Stefano , Lenoir Jonathan , Malavasi Marco , Marchetto Elisa , Messori Filippo , Montaghi Alessandro , Moudrý Vítězslav , Naimi Babak , Ricotta Carlo , Rossini Micol , Santi Francesco , Santos Maria J. , Schaepman Michael , Schneider Fabian , Schuh Leila , Silvestri Sonia , Šímová Petra , Skidmore Andrew K. , Tattoni Clara , Tordoni Enrico , Vicario Saverio , Zannini Piero , Wegmann Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEcosystem heterogeneity has been widely recognized as a key ecological feature, influencing several ecological functions, since it is strictly related to several ecological functions like diversity patterns and change, metapopulation dynamics, population connectivity, or gene flow.In this paper, we present a newRpackage -rasterdiv- to calculate heterogeneity indices based on remotely sensed data. We also provide an ecological application at the landscape scale and demonstrate its power in revealing potentially hidden heterogeneity patterns.Therasterdivpackage allows calculating multiple indices, robustly rooted in Information Theory, and based on reproducible open source algorithms.
DROP: Molecular voucher database for identification ofDrosophilaparasitoids
Authors: Lue Chia-Hua , Buffington Matthew L. , Scheffer Sonja , Lewis Matthew , Elliott Tyler A. , Lindsey Amelia R. I. , Driskell Amy , Jandova Anna , Kimura Masahito T. , Carton Yves , Kula Robert R. , Schlenke Todd A. , Mateos Mariana , Govind Shubha , Varaldi Julien , Guerrieri Emilio , Giorgini Massimo , Wang Xingeng , Hoelmer Kim , Daane Kent M. , Abram Paul K. , Pardikes Nicholas A. , Brown Joel J. , Thierry Melanie , Poirié Marylène , Goldstein Paul , Miller Scott E. , Tracey W. Daniel , Davis Jeremy S. , Jiggins Francis M. , Wertheim Bregje , Lewis Owen T. , Leips Jeff , Staniczenko Phillip P. A. , Hrcek Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolecular identification is increasingly used to speed up biodiversity surveys and laboratory experiments. However, many groups of organisms cannot be reliably identified using standard databases such as GenBank or BOLD due to lack of sequenced voucher specimens identified by experts. Sometimes a large number of sequences are available, but with too many errors to allow identification. Here we address this problem for parasitoids ofDrosophilaby introducing a curated open-access molecular reference database, DROP (Drosophilaparasitoids). IdentifyingDrosophilaparasitoids is challenging and poses a major impediment to realize the full potential of this model system in studies ranging from molecular mechanisms to food webs, and in biological control ofDrosophila suzukii. In DROP (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4519656), genetic data are linked to voucher specimens and, where possible, the voucher specimens are identified by taxonomists and vetted through direct comparison with primary type material. To initiate DROP, we curated 154 laboratory strains, 856 vouchers, 554 DNA sequences, 16 genomes, 14 transcriptomes, and 6 proteomes drawn from a total of 183 operational taxonomic units (OTUs): 114 describedDrosophilaparasitoid species and 69 provisional species. We found species richness ofDrosophilaparasitoids to be heavily underestimated and provide an updated taxonomic catalogue for the community. DROP offers accurate molecular identification and improves cross-referencing between individual studies that we hope will catalyze research on this diverse and fascinating model system. Our effort should also serve as an example for researchers facing similar molecular identification problems in other groups of organisms.
Adjuvanting a subunit SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticle vaccine to induce protective immunity in non-human primates
Authors: Arunachalam Prabhu S. , Walls Alexandra C. , Golden Nadia , Atyeo Caroline , Fischinger Stephanie , Li Chunfeng , Aye Pyone , Navarro Mary Jane , Lai Lilin , Edara Venkata Viswanadh , Röltgen Katharina , Rogers Kenneth , Shirreff Lisa , Ferrell Douglas E , Wrenn Samuel , Pettie Deleah , Kraft John C. , Miranda Marcos C. , Kepl Elizabeth , Sydeman Claire , Brunette Natalie , Murphy Michael , Fiala Brooke , Carter Lauren , White Alexander G , Trisal Meera , Hsieh Ching-Lin , Russell-Lodrigue Kasi , Monjure Christopher , Dufour Jason , Doyle-Meyer Lara , Bohm Rudolph B. , Maness Nicholas J. , Roy Chad , Plante Jessica A. , Plante Kenneth S. , Zhu Alex , Gorman Matthew J. , Shin Sally , Shen Xiaoying , Fontenot Jane , Gupta Shakti , O’Hagan Derek T. , Most Robbert Van Der , Rappuoli Rino , Coffman Robert L. , Novack David , McLellan Jason S. , Subramaniam Shankar , Montefiori David , Boyd Scott D. , Flynn JoAnne L. , Alter Galit , Villinger Francois , Kleanthous Harry , Rappaport Jay , Suthar Mehul , King Neil P. , Veesler David , Pulendran Bali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of a portfolio of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to vaccinate the global population remains an urgent public health imperative. Here, we demonstrate the capacity of a subunit vaccine under clinical development, comprising the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor binding domain displayed on a two-component protein nanoparticle (RBD-NP), to stimulate robust and durable neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. We evaluated five different adjuvants combined with RBD-NP including Essai O/W 1849101, a squalene-in-water emulsion; AS03, an alpha-tocopherol-containing squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion used in pandemic influenza vaccines; AS37, a TLR-7 agonist adsorbed to Alum; CpG 1018-Alum (CpG-Alum), a TLR-9 agonist formulated in Alum; or Alum, the most widely used adjuvant. All five adjuvants induced substantial nAb and CD4 T cell responses after two consecutive immunizations. Durable nAb responses were evaluated for RBD-NP/AS03 immunization and the live-virus nAb response was durably maintained up to 154 days post-vaccination. AS03, CpG-Alum, AS37 and Alum groups conferred significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pharynges, nares and in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The nAb titers were highly correlated with protection against infection. Furthermore, RBD-NP when used in conjunction with AS03 was as potent as the prefusion stabilized Spike immunogen, HexaPro. Taken together, these data highlight the efficacy of the RBD-NP formulated with clinically relevant adjuvants in promoting robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates.
Automated in vivo tracking of cortical oligodendrocytes
Authors: Xu Yu Kang T. , Call Cody L. , Sulam Jeremias , Bergles Dwight E. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTOligodendrocytes exert a profound influence on neural circuits by accelerating axon potential conduction, altering excitability and providing metabolic support. As oligodendrogenesis continues in the adult brain and is essential for myelin repair, uncovering the factors that control their dynamics is necessary to understand the consequences of adaptive myelination and develop new strategies to enhance remyelination in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Unfortunately, few methods exist for analysis of oligodendrocyte dynamics, and even fewer are suitable forin vivoinvestigation. Here, we describe the development of a fully automated cell tracking pipeline using convolutional neural networks (Oligo-Track) that provides rapid volumetric segmentation and tracking of thousands of cells over weeksin vivo. This system reliably replicated human analysis, outperformed traditional analytic approaches, and extracted injury and repair dynamics at multiple cortical depths, establishing that oligodendrogenesis after cuprizone-mediated demyelination is suppressed in deeper cortical layers. Volumetric data provided by this analysis revealed that oligodendrocyte soma size progressively decreases after their generation, and declines further prior to death, providing a means to predict cell age and eventual cell death from individual time points. This new CNN-based analysis pipeline offers a rapid, robust method to quantitatively analyze oligodendrocyte dynamicsin vivo, which will aid in understanding how changes in these myelinating cells influence circuit function and recovery from injury and disease.
Revealing the Physiological Origin of Event-Related Potentials using Electrocorticography in Humans
Authors: Cho Hohyun , Schalk Gerwin , Adamek Markus , Moheimanian Ladan , Coon William G. , Jun Sung Chan , Wolpaw Jonathan R. , Brunner Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe scientific and clinical value of event-related potentials (ERPs) depends on understanding the contributions to them of three possible mechanisms: (1) additivity of time-locked voltage changes; (2) phase resetting of ongoing oscillations; (3) asymmetrical oscillatory activity. Their relative contributions are currently uncertain. This study uses analysis of human electrocorticographic activity to quantify the origins of movement-related potentials (MRPs) and auditory evoked potentials (AEPs). The results show that MRPs are generated primarily by endogenous additivity (88%). In contrast, P1 and N1 components of AEPs are generated almost entirely by exogenous phase reset (93%). Oscillatory asymmetry contributes very little. By clarifying ERP mechanisms, these results enable creation of ERP models; and they enhance the value of ERPs for understanding the genesis of normal and abnormal auditory or sensorimotor behaviors.