bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Childhood and Adolescent Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (CASEQ): Development and validation of an ICSD‐3‐based screening instrument, a community and hospital‐based study
Authors: Zulfiqar Luhar , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Gulati Sheffali , Jauhari Prashant , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Tripathi Manjari , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Jain Vandana , Sikka Kapil , Rajan Aswani , Kaur Prabhjot 
Published: September 2021

SummarySleep disorders are common in children and adolescents. Polysomnography is the gold‐standard diagnostic method; however, it is a tedious procedure. The objective of the study was to develop a screening questionnaire for sleep problems based on International Classification of Sleep Disorders‐3 in children and adolescents, and validate it with clinical evaluation and polysomnography. A questionnaire was developed in English and Hindi with content validation by eight multidisciplinary experts. Respondents were parents of children and adolescents, aged 2–18 years, recruited from a public school and a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India. A subset of these children and adolescents underwent overnight polysomnography and detailed clinical evaluation within 4 weeks of applying the questionnaire. The questionnaire, named Childhood and Adolescent Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, contains primary questions covering all subgroups of disorders under International Classification of Sleep Disorders‐3, and secondary questions on sleep hygiene and comorbidities. The questionnaire was filled by 750 respondents, out of which 100 cases underwent polysomnography and clinical evaluation. The internal consistency in the form of Cronbach’s α was 0.8 for the questionnaire. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the questionnaire in identifying those with sleep problems compared with detailed clinical and polysomnographic evaluations were 85%, 100%, 100% and 62.5%, respectively. For individual subgroups of disorders, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values varied between 72.7% and 100%, 88.9% and 100%, 62.5% and 100% and 81.6% and 100%, respectively. The Childhood and Adolescent Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire has good psychometric properties, moreover, its simplicity and translatability make it ideal for use at the community and hospital settings.
Derivation and validation of prognostic models for predicting survival outcomes in Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure patients
Authors: Rui Fajuan , Yang Hongli , Guo Zhaoyang , Ge Zhengming , Hu Xinyu , Zhang Lulu , Xue Qi , Chen Haiping , Xu Yayun , Tan Meng , Qin Chengyong , He Zebao , Li Jie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by acute decompensation of chronic liver disease associated with high bacterial infection (BI) and short‐term mortality. However, many ACLF prognostic predictive modelsare complicated. The aim of this study is to develop prognostic models for ACLF patients to predict BI and mortality. We retrospective recruited 263 patients with ACLF from Shandong Provincial Hospital and Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) Enze Hospital. ACLF was defined according to the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive prediction models for occurring BI and 28‐day mortality in ACLF patients. Ninety seven of 263 patients (37%) occurred BI and 41 of 155 (26%) died within 28 days of admission. C‐reactive protein (CRP), glucose, and albumin were the independent predictors for occurring BI during the hospital stay. We also found that hepatic encephalopathy (HE), prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APRI), and glucose were the independent predictors of 28‐day mortality of ACLF patients. Using logistic regression model, we generated a new modified MELD model (M‐MELD) by incorporating HE, APRI, and glucose. AUC of M‐MELD model was 0.871, which were significantly higher than MELD score (AUC:0.734), MELD‐Na score (AUC:0.742), and integrated MELD score (iMELD) (AUC:0.761). HE, MELD score, APRI, and blood glucose were independent risk factors for 28‐day mortality of ACLF patients. The modified MELD model (M‐MELD) by incorporating HE, APRI, and glucose has better discriminative performances compared with MELD in predicting 28‐day mortality.
Economic liberalization, political regimes and ideology
Authors: Castro Vítor , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses how economic freedom is affected by the ideological stance, being the first to analyse the role of dictatorial regimes and their ideological orientations. Using annual data for 145 countries over the period 2000‐2017 and a two‐step system GMM estimator, this study finds that democracies do promote more economic freedom than authoritarian regimes, but not in all circumstances The probability that economic liberalization is promoted is higher for right‐wing dictatorships than for other autocracies and comparable to other types of democratic ruling, with the exception of right‐wing democratic governments that strongly benefit liberalization. These right‐wing governments, alongside (the negative effect of) non‐right‐wing dictatorships, seem to be the main contributors to explaining why democracies in recent years are promoting more economic liberalization than autocracies. Additionally, our results suggest that democratic governments not ideologically identifiable seem to share a common dislike for policies that promote liberalization.
Ecosystem roles and conservation status of bioturbator mammals
Authors: Beca Gabrielle , Valentine Leonie E. , Galetti Mauro , Hobbs Richard J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The action of biological reworking of soils is referred to as bioturbation, and many species of mammals globally have an important role in soil disturbance, modifying ecosystem characteristics.

We examined global patterns in the distribution, conservation status, and threats to the world’s bioturbator mammals and illustrated the relevant roles these species play in ecosystem engineering related to soil processes and services. We searched the data available on 3932 non‐flying land‐dwelling mammals included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List.

Using existing literature and online databases, we determined that 869 (22%) of the non‐flying land‐dwelling mammals accessed can be considered as bioturbators in three distinct groups: foragers (n = 123), semi‐fossorial species (n = 652), and strictly fossorial species (n = 94). Of the world’s bioturbator mammal species, 16% are threatened, 2% are already Extinct, and 8% are classified as Data Deficient. Foragers have the highest percentage of threatened (35%) and Extinct (5%) species, while strictly fossorial species have the highest percentage of Data Deficient species (12%). Although the majority of bioturbator mammal species are found in Asia (32%), Oceania is the continent with the highest percentage of threatened (27%) and Extinct (11%) bioturbator species, while Central and South America have the highest percentage of species classified as Data Deficient (24%). The threats experienced by the greatest number of bioturbator mammal species are activities related to agriculture and aquaculture (29%), and biological resource use (22%).

Soil bioturbation can improve ecosystem health by reducing soil compaction, increasing nutrient cycling, soil moisture, microbe diversity, plant recruitment, and carbon storage. The loss of bioturbator mammals could trigger cascading effects throughout the ecosystems they inhabit. A better understanding of their conservation status is important so that effective conservation measures can be developed.
Beyond belief: How religion fosters self‐determination
Authors: Kelle Friederike Luise 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReligious conflicts are an enduring feature of domestic and international politics. This article offers the first systematic quantitative treatment of religion in nationalist demands for autonomy or independence on a global scale. I argue that subnational groups capitalizing on mobilization advantages from sacred land are more likely to demand self‐rule. Sacred places link collective identities to the contested territory, which is the main conflict issue in self‐determination demands. I rely on data on sacred land and religious identification of subnational groups worldwide and compare claimants and non‐claiming groups to capture the effect of sacred land on self‐determination. The analysis supports the expectation that sacred land and religious identities are closely linked to demand incidence. The findings shed light on the understudied relation between religion and self‐determination and improve our understanding of the significance of sacred places on a global comparative scale.
Measuring self‐efficacy in defecation: Validation and utilization of a Chinese version of the self‐efficacy for functional constipation questionnaire (SEFCQ) in a pediatric population
Authors: Huang Yaqi , Wang Yulu , Chen Ying , Gu Xiaoling , Yang Jin , Ma Bingxin , Zhang Yanwen , Lu Qi , Zhao Yue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐efficacy in defecation plays an important role on behavioral therapy for functional constipation (FC). There is an unmet need for valid child self‐report measures of task‐specific self‐efficacy for pediatric FC. Our aim was to cross‐culturally validate the Self‐Efficacy for Functional Constipation Questionnaire (SEFCQ) and to explore the salient factor(s) of self‐efficacy in defecation that correlate with anxiety and constipation symptom severity among Chinese children.MethodsThe SEFCQ was adapted to Chinese version following the Rome Foundation guidelines for the translation of questionnaires. Two hundred and three children with FC were involved in psychometric testing. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine the structure of the SEFCQ. Construct validity was evaluated by testing the relationship between the SEFCQ and both anxiety and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC‐SYM). Test‐retest reliability, internal consistency, and interfactor correlation were used to evaluate reliability. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify salient self‐efficacy for FC that correlates with anxiety and constipation symptom severity.Key ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supports the two‐factor structure of the SEFCQ. Adequate test‐retest reliability (r = 0.973, p<0.001) and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.871) were obtained. Both self‐efficacy factors were significantly associated with anxiety (r = −0.227 to −0.350, p<0.001) and PAC‐SYM (r = −0.495 to −0.602, p<0.001), with emotional self‐efficacy being the most salient factor for predicting the symptom severity of constipation after controlling for sex, age, quality of parents’ marriage, and family history.Conclusion and InferencesThe SEFCQ showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Low self‐efficacy in defecation correlates with anxiety and may contribute to poor adherence to behavior change, which exacerbates the symptoms of constipation. Further study is needed to apply social cognitive intervention to increase children's self‐efficacy in defecation and assess its effect on treatment outcomes.
Pathogenomic analyses of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici supports a close genetic relationship between South and East Africa
Authors: van Schalkwyk Hester J. , Adams Thomas , Persoons Antoine , Boshoff Willem H. P. , Wanyera Ruth , Hovmøller Mogens S. , Uauy Cristobal , Boyd Lesley , Pretorius Zacharias A. , Prins Renée , Saunders Diane G. O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWheat stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), occurs in all major wheat‐growing regions worldwide and poses a constant threat to production. In South Africa, Pst first emerged in 1996 in the Western Cape and has since caused frequent epidemics with three further distinct races (pathotypes) recorded to date. Herein, we undertook detailed genomic‐based analyses of four Pst isolates that represent the four dominant Pst races in South Africa recorded between 1996 and 2005. This analysis identified a number of polymorphic genes with features of known effector proteins and provided additional support of the likely stepwise changes in virulence profile of these South African Pst isolates. Next, we carried out comparative genomic‐based analyses with 54 additional Pst isolates collected across wheat‐growing regions within South Africa between 1996 and 2017 and 58 Pst isolates from East Africa, Pakistan, the UK, and France. This revealed a close genetic relationship between Pst isolates in South Africa and a number from East Africa. Furthermore, we found the South African Pst isolates also grouped closely with isolates identified in the UK in 2013 that were specifically found on triticale, illustrating long‐distance transmission of Pst isolates either between these regions or from a common independent source area. This highlights the critical need for close monitoring of Pst. With wheat being the most planted winter cereal crop in South Africa, investment in continuous surveillance is essential to rapidly identify any future introductions that could quickly lead to rust epidemics.
Bulk analysis by resequencing and RNA‐seq identifies candidate genes for maintaining leaf water content under water deficit in maize
Authors: Zhang Fengqi , Zhang Jun , Ma Zhiyan , Xia Laikun , Wang Xiangyang , Zhang Lanxun , Ding Yong , Qi Jianshuang , Mu Xinyuan , Zhao Faxin , Ji Tianhui , Tang Baojun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDrought is one of the main abiotic stresses adversely affecting maize growth and grain yield. Identifying drought tolerance‐related genes and breeding varieties with enhanced tolerance are effective strategies for minimizing the effects of drought stress. In this study, the leaf relative water content (LRWC) was used for evaluating drought tolerance. QTL‐seq analysis of 419 F2 individuals from a cross between ZhengT22 (the drought‐tolerant line with high LRWC) and ZhengA88 (the drought‐sensitive line with low LRWC) revealed four LRWC‐related QTLs (qLRWC2, qLRWC10a, qLRWC10b, and qLRWC10c) in maize seedlings under water deficit. Of these QTLs, qLRWC2 was located in a 2.03‐Mb interval on chromosome 2, whereas qLRWC10a, qLRWC10b, and qLRWC10c were located in 2.85‐, 3.99‐, and 2.05‐Mb intervals, respectively, on chromosome 10, and the 93 genes contained the variation loci locating in the four QTLs regions. To identify the candidate genes within the QTLs, an RNA‐seq analysis was performed for the parents exposed to water deficit. Seven genes with effective variation loci showed significant difference in expression either in ZhengA88 or ZhengT22 in response to water deficit. Moreover, among the genes, ZmPrx64, ZmCIPK, HSP90, and ABCG34 have all been shown to be related to water stress in the previous studies. Thus, they are primary considered as the potential candidate genes controlling LRWC under water deficit at the seeding stage of maize in this study. These findings will help clarify the molecular basis of drought tolerance in maize seedlings and may be relevant for future functional analysis and for breeding drought‐tolerant maize varieties.
Local power: Understanding the adoption and design of county wind energy regulation
Authors: Lerner Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe majority of U.S. states have set targets for renewable energy, but the prospects for meeting most of these goals hinge on the willingness of local governments to allow large‐scale renewable energy projects in their communities. In this paper, I investigate how exposure to lobbying by wind developers and the actions of neighboring jurisdictions inform the adoption and design of rules for siting commercial wind farms. Using data collected from 1603 counties in 23 states, I find local policymakers are more likely to enact wind ordinances when they have more time to interact with wind developers and when neighboring counties have adopted wind ordinances or approved the construction of wind farms. I also observe that counties tend to adopt more stringent rules when more wind farms have been built in neighboring counties. This evidence suggests that efforts to scale up renewable energy generation may encounter increasing resistance from local governments.
Data sharing practices of health researchers in Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Obiora Oluchukwu Loveth , Olivier Benita , Shead Dorothy Agnes , Withers Aletha 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of the review is to map the existing evidence regarding the data-sharing practices of health researchers in African countries. This review will also identify perceptions; barriers; facilitators; ethical-, legal-, and author-reported recommendations; as well as institutional- and funding-related aspects that are being considered by African health researchers on data sharing in Africa and, as a result, identify areas for development and improvement in health care on the continent.

Introduction:
The sharing of health-related data has been widely discussed in the literature. However, sharing health-related data has yet to become a common practice among health researchers in Africa, which bears a large burden of health diseases globally. The sharing of health research data could lead to greater development and improvement in health care in Africa.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will incorporate studies that report on data sharing among health researchers in Africa. All primary, secondary, and gray literature will be considered for inclusion. Studies on data sharing on topics other than health-related data will be excluded. No language restrictions will be applied.

Methods:
The JBI scoping review methodological framework will be adopted. An initial search of databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science will be conducted. All search results will be screened and relevant data extracted by two independent reviewers. The findings will be presented in the final scoping review report and illustrated in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews flow diagram.
Effectiveness of neonatal “near miss” audits in reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Medeiros Poliana , Bailey Cheryl , Andrews Christine , Liley Helen , Pollock Danielle , Gordon Adrienne , Flenady Vicki 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review will assess the effectiveness of neonatal near-miss audits in reducing perinatal mortality and morbidity, as implemented in health care facilities.

Introduction:
Every year, 2.5 million newborns die and 2.6 million more are stillborn worldwide. While many perinatal deaths are preventable, their reduction has been markedly slower than the decline of maternal or child mortality rates. It is hypothesized that neonatal near miss is part of the spectrum of stillbirth–neonatal death and that auditing these cases might reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider neonatal near-miss audits implemented in health care facilities worldwide. Randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies, interrupted time series, case-control, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and case series will be included. Conference abstracts, letters, studies duplicating validation data from previous studies, gray literature, and unpublished studies will be excluded.

Methods:
Using the JBI guidelines for conducting systematic reviews of effectiveness, the review will search the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS, and SciELO. No publication date or language limits will be imposed. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text studies, assessing methodological quality with the JBI critical appraisal tools. GRADE will be used to assess the confidence in the findings. Covidence will be used for data extraction and management. A meta-analysis will be performed if the selected studies are sufficiently homogeneous. If not, the results will be discussed as a narrative synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO (CRD42021224090)
Smart technology vs. face-to-face physical activity interventions in older adults: a systematic review protocol
Authors: D’Amore Cassandra , Reid Julie C. , Chan Matthew , Fan Samuel , Huang Amanda , Louie Jonathan , Tran Andy , Chauvin Stephanie , Beauchamp Marla K. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the effect of physical activity interventions delivered via smart technology compared with face-to-face interventions for improving physical activity and physical function in older adults.

Introduction:
Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for multiple noncommunicable diseases and reduces the risk of premature mortality. Despite this, one in four adults does not meet recommended levels of physical activity. This pattern of inactivity increases with age. Smart technology, such as wearables, tablets, or laptops, is one solution for improving physical activity. Research has shown that different smart technology solutions can increase physical activity in older adults. While individual studies support smart technology to increase physical activity, there are no systematic reviews comparing the effects of smart technology with traditional face-to-face physical activity interventions.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include randomized controlled trials of physical activity interventions delivered via smart technology (eg, wearables, tablets, computers) compared with face-to-face (ie, in person) interventions for community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older.

Methods:
We will search four databases (AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE) from inception for relevant studies. All abstracts and full texts will be screened independently and in duplicate. Risk of bias, data extraction, and quality assessment will be completed in the same manner. If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed of the primary outcomes of physical activity, physical function, and adherence rate. Subgroup analyses will be conducted by type of physical activity, and type of smart technology, where possible.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020135232