bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verum in Gitksan
Authors: Matthewson Lisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article provides an analysis of verum marking in the Tsimshianic language Gitksan. Original fieldwork data are provided to show that Gitksan verum is very similar in its distribution and discourse effects to English verum, but displays two interesting differences. First, Gitksan verum is not marked by focal stress, but by a dedicated particle (k'ap). Second, Gitksan verum does not require givenness of the core propositional material. I argue that when applied to a propositionp,k'apis (a) disallowed discourse-initially or in answer to awh-question; (b) felicitous when responding to a prior assertion or implication of ¬p;and (c) felicitous in other contexts only if there is prior controversy in the discourse about the truth ofp.I show that the semantic contribution of the Gitksan verum particle can be captured by a discourse management analysis:verum(p) is licensed only when the speaker believes that some interlocutor is committed to ¬p.
Integration of patient and clinician narratives into systematic reviews: An applied proof of concept
Authors: Christensen Vivian , Clark Khaya , Tallett Stephanie , Kenyon Emily A. , Dobscha Steven K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Health systems currently underutilize systematic reviews. Here, we describe a proof of concept project designed to augment the standard systematic review process by presenting qualitative information as a companion to a review on deprescribing interventions. We conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with Veterans Health Administration clinicians and Veterans to describe first-hand experiences of engaging in the deprescribing process. Qualitative findings were incorporated into an interactive, web-based product designed to supplement the systematic review report. Preliminary evaluation suggests that integration of narratives as a companion to systematic reviews is of interest to frontline clinicians, researchers, and health system administrators.
Reflecting petawatt lasers off relativistic plasma mirrors: a realistic path to the Schwinger limit
Authors: Quéré Fabien , Vincenti Henri 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The quantum vacuum plays a central role in physics. Quantum electrodynamics (QED) predicts that the properties of the fermionic quantum vacuum can be probed by extremely large electromagnetic fields. The typical field amplitudes required correspond to the onset of the ‘optical breakdown’ of this vacuum, expected at light intensities >4.7×1029 W/cm2. Approaching this ‘Schwinger limit’ would enable testing of major but still unverified predictions of QED. Yet, the Schwinger limit is seven orders of magnitude above the present record in light intensity achieved by high-power lasers. To close this considerable gap, a promising paradigm consists of reflecting these laser beams off a mirror in relativistic motion, to induce a Doppler effect that compresses the light pulse in time down to the attosecond range and converts it to shorter wavelengths, which can then be focused much more tightly than the initial laser light. However, this faces a major experimental hurdle: how to generate such relativistic mirrors? In this article, we explain how this challenge could nowadays be tackled by using so-called ‘relativistic plasma mirrors’. We argue that approaching the Schwinger limit in the coming years by applying this scheme to the latest generation of petawatt-class lasers is a challenging but realistic objective.
A New Wave of Research on Civilizational Politics
Authors: Hale Henry E. , Laruelle Marlene 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new wave of scholarship has made major advances in how we understand the politics of civilizational identity by drawing powerfully from conceptual tools developed over the years to study other forms of identity. What unites this wave is treating civilizations not as distinctive “things” that might “clash” but as meaningful social imaginings. This growing body of work is far from monolithic, generating alternative theories that should structure scholarly debate going forward. Central issues include whether civilizational identity is primarily elite led or mass driven, whether it inherently involves conflictual human impulses, what the role of religion and values are in driving it, what its relationship is to nationalism, and how similarly we can expect the countries and people who share civilizational identity to behave. We also find emerging debates on what this newly conceptualized civilizational identity explains in contemporary world politics. Social scientists are now only beginning to apply important tools of social science to this question, with even public opinion research in its infancy. Early findings suggest civilizational identity may be shaping not only elite foreign policy making but also patterns of domestic politics, including the recent rise of populism and levels of democracy and authoritarianism more generally.
Ecomorphology and ecology of the grassland specialist,Rusingoryx atopocranion(Artiodactyla: Bovidae), from the late Pleistocene of western Kenya
Authors: Kovarovic Kris , Faith J. Tyler , Jenkins Kirsten E. , Tryon Christian A. , Peppe Daniel J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRusingoryx atopocranionis an extinct alcelaphin bovid from the late Pleistocene of Kenya, known for its distinctive hollow nasal crest. A bonebed ofR.atopocranionfrom the Lake Victoria Basin provides a unique opportunity to examine the nearly complete postcranial ecomorphology of an extinct species, and yields data that are important to studying paleoenvironments and human-environment interaction. With a comparative sample of extant African bovids, we used discriminant function analyses to develop statistical ecomorphological models for 18 skeletal elements and element portions. Forelimb and hindlimb element models overwhelmingly predict thatR.atopocranionwas an open-adapted taxon. However, the phalanges ofRusingoryxare remarkably short relative to their breadth, a morphology outside the range of extant African bovids, which we interpret as an extreme open-habitat adaptation. It follows that even recently extinct fossil bovids can differ in important morphological ways relative to their extant counterparts, particularly if they have novel adaptations for past environments. This unusual phalanx morphology (in combination with other skeletal indications), mesowear, and dental enamel stable isotopes, demonstrate thatRusingoryxwas a grassland specialist. Together, these data are consistent with independent geological and paleontological evidence for increased aridity and expanded grassland habitats across the Lake Victoria Basin.
Comparing Ambiguities: Municipalities, Francophone Minority Communities and Immigration in Canada
Authors: Fourot Aude-Claire 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article analyzes the implication of municipal governments and civil society actors in immigration through multilevel and collaborative governance arrangements. It argues that studying the roles of ambiguities is critical to understanding the activism of political entities with ill-defined status and mandates, such as municipalities and francophone minority communities (FMCs). This research adds to the literature on the “local turn” by highlighting that ambiguities are both a condition—that is, a driver that makes collaborative and multilevel arrangements work—and an outcome of collaboration practices, characterized by ambiguities regarding the balance of power, the aims of collaboration in a competitive sector and conflicting forms of accountabilities. The article identifies three approaches that actors use to deal with these ambiguities in a context where resources are not equitably distributed and where the role of the federal government is critical. In this configuration, municipalities and FMCs develop adaptive, rather than transformative, approaches to ambiguities.
Women's Municipal Electoral Performance: An Introduction to the Canadian Municipal Elections Database
Authors: Lucas Jack , Merrill Reed , Blidook Kelly , Breux Sandra , Conrad Laura , Eidelman Gabriel , Koop Royce , Marciano Daniella , Taylor Zack , Vallette Salomé 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis research note describes the Canadian Municipal Elections Database (CMED), a new publicly available and actively maintained dataset of more than 24,000 municipal elections in Canada. We describe the need for high-quality election results data for municipal politics research and describe the content, sources and construction of the CMED. To illustrate the value of the CMED, we estimate gender differences in municipal electoral performance for the first time, finding that women are, on average, more likely than men to win municipal elections in Canada.
The interaction of host and nematode galectins influences the outcome of gastrointestinal nematode infections
Authors: Donskow-Łysoniewska Katarzyna , Maruszewska-Cheruiyot Marta , Stear Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGalectins are a family of proteins that bind β-galactosides and play key roles in a variety of cellular processes including host defence. They have been well studied in hosts but less so in gastrointestinal nematodes. Both host and parasite galectins are present in the gastrointestinal tract following infection. Parasite galectins can both bind antibody, especially highly glycosylated IgE and be bound by antibody. Parasite galectins may act as molecular sponges that soak up antibody. Host galectins promote mast cell degranulation while parasite galectins inhibit degranulation. Host and parasite galectins can also bind mucins and influence mucus viscosity. As the protective response against gastrointestinal nematode infection is partly dependent on IgE mediated mast cell degranulation and mucus, the interactions between host and parasite galectins play key roles in determining the outcome of infection.
COMBINING EXPLICIT AND SENSITIVE INDICES FOR MEASURING L2 VOCABULARY LEARNING THROUGH CONTEXTUALIZED INPUT AND WORD-FOCUSED INSTRUCTION
Authors: Vandenberghe Bert , Perez Maribel Montero , Reynvoet Bert , Desmet Piet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study combines explicit (pen-and-paper) and sensitive (time-pressured) measures to gauge the impact of three instructional interventions (contextualized input with meaning-focused activities, contextualized input with word-focused activities, and decontextualized input with word-focused exercises) on the learning of 20 L2 French target verbs. Participants (N = 313, L1 = Dutch) completed a combination of explicit (form recognition, meaning recall, grammatical preference) and time-pressured sensitive tests (lexical decision, semantic relatedness, grammaticality judgment) as immediate and delayed posttests. Explicit posttests show the beneficial effects of word-focused instruction, and underline the efficiency of context for meaning-related knowledge. Sensitive posttests generally confirm the explicit results, but reveal differences between both word-focused conditions related to lexical processing and strength of knowledge. This study suggests that combining explicit and sensitive measures can provide a more complete picture about the effects of L2 vocabulary instruction and shows that contextualized and decontextualized word-focused instruction benefit vocabulary learning in a complementary way.
Surviving COVID-19 in Bergamo province: a post-acute outpatient re-evaluation
Authors: Venturelli Serena , Benatti Simone Vasilij , Casati Monica , Binda Francesca , Zuglian Gianluca , Imeri Gianluca , Conti Caterina , Biffi Ave Maria , Spada Maria Simonetta , Bondi Emi , Camera Giorgia , Severgnini Roberta , Giammarresi Andrea , Marinaro Claudia , Rossini Alessandro , Bonaffini Pietro Andrea , Guerra Giovanni , Bellasi Antonio , Cesa Simonetta , Rizzi Marco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bergamo province was badly hit by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. We organised a public-funded, multidisciplinary follow-up programme for COVID-19 patients discharged from the emergency department or from the inpatient wards of ‘Papa Giovanni XXIII’ Hospital, the largest public hospital in the area. As of 31 July, the first 767 patients had completed the first post-discharge multidisciplinary assessment. Patients entered our programme at a median time of 81 days after discharge. Among them, 51.4% still complained of symptoms, most commonly fatigue and exertional dyspnoea, and 30.5% were still experiencing post-traumatic psychological consequences. Impaired lung diffusion was found in 19%. Seventeen per cent had D-dimer values two times above the threshold for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (two unexpected and clinically silent pulmonary thrombosis were discovered by investigating striking D-dimer elevation). Survivors of COVID-19 exhibit a complex array of symptoms, whose common underlying pathology, if any, has still to be elucidated: a multidisciplinary approach is fundamental, to address the different problems and to look for effective solutions.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulation by food proteins and protein hydrolysates
Authors: Miguéns-Gómez Alba , Casanova-Martí Àngela , Blay M. Teresa , Terra Ximena , Beltrán-Debón Raúl , Rodríguez-Gallego Esther , Ardévol Anna , Pinent Montserrat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enterohormone with a key role in several processes controlling body homeostasis, including glucose homeostasis and food intake regulation. It is secreted by the intestinal cells in response to nutrients, such as glucose, fat and amino acids. In the present review, we analyse the effect of protein on GLP-1 secretion and clearance. We review the literature on the GLP-1 secretory effects of protein and protein hydrolysates, and the mechanisms through which they exert these effects. We also review the studies on protein from different sources that has inhibitory effects on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), the enzyme responsible for GLP-1 inactivation, with particular emphasis on specific sources and treatments, and the gaps there still are in knowledge. There is evidence that the protein source and the hydrolytic processing applied to them can influence the effects on GLP-1 signalling. The gastrointestinal digestion of proteins, for example, significantly changes their effectiveness at modulating this enterohormone secretion in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Nevertheless, little information is available regarding human studies and more research is required to understand their potential as regulators of glucose homeostasis.
Characterization of the effects of age and childhood maltreatment onELOVL2DNA methylation
Authors: Ramo-Fernández Laura , Karabatsiakis Alexander , Boeck Christina , Bach Alexandra M. , Gumpp Anja M. , Mavioglu R. Nehir , Ammerpohl Ole , Kolassa Iris-Tatjana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDNA methylation of the elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 2 (ELOVL2) was suggested as a biomarker of biological aging, while childhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with accelerated biological aging. We investigated the association of age and CM experiences withELOVL2methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Furthermore, we investigatedELOVL2methylation in the umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UBMC) of newborns of mothers with and without CM. PBMC and UBMC were isolated from 113 mother–newborn dyads and genomic DNA was extracted. Mothers with and without CM experiences were recruited directly postpartum. Mass array spectrometry and pyrosequencing were used for methylation analyses ofELOVL2intron 1, and exon 1 and 5′ end, respectively.ELOVL25′ end and intron 1 methylation increased with higher age but were not associated with CM experiences. On the contrary, overallELOVL2exon 1 methylation increased with higher CM, but these changes were minimal and did not increase with age. Maternal CM experiences and neonatal methylation ofELOVL2intron 1 or exon 1 were not significantly correlated. Our study suggests region-specific effects of chronological age and experienced CM onELOVL2methylation and shows that the epigenetic biomarker for age within theELOVL2gene does not show accelerated biological aging years after CM exposure.
Divergence of dose–response with asenapine: a cluster analysis of randomized, double-blind, and placebo control study
Authors: Takekita Yoshiteru , Hiraoka Shuichi , Iwama Yasuhiro , Sunada Naotaka , Aoki Nobuatsu , Ogata Haruhiko , Funatsuki Toshiya , Takano Chikashi , Yanagida Tomoyo , Koshikawa Yosuke , Naito Minami , Yamamoto Atsuko , Kato Masaki , Kinoshita Toshihiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferences in psychiatric background and dose–response to asenapine in patients with schizophrenia were examined based on efficacy and safety, using data obtained in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.MethodsPatients with schizophrenia were classified into three clusters by a cluster analysis based on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) subscores at baseline, using the data from a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PANSS Marder factor scores were calculated for each cluster. The efficacy of 10 or 20 mg/day of asenapine on PANSS score was used as the primary endpoint, with the incidence of adverse events evaluated as the secondary endpoint.ResultsA total of 529 asenapine-treated patients were classified into 3 clusters: Cluster-P with the higher scores in positive symptoms, disorganized thoughts, and hostility/excitement, Cluster-N with higher scores in negative symptoms, and Cluster-L with overall lower scores. In Cluster-N and Cluster-L, both 10 and 20 mg/day groups showed significant improvement in PANSS scores, while only the 20 mg/day group showed a significant difference in Cluster-P. Cluster-N and Cluster-L had differences in the incidence of adverse events, but this was not seen in Cluster-P.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of asenapine 10 and 20 mg/day differed between the 3 clusters of patients. This suggests that background information regarding baseline psychiatric symptoms may affect the therapeutic response in patients with schizophrenia.
Cultural adaptations of cognitive behaviour therapy for the Orthodox Jewish community: a qualitative study of therapists’ perspectives
Authors: Golker Chaim , Cioffi Maria Cristina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cultural factors are influential in the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment efficacy of mental health conditions. Although the literature has advanced substantially towards the development of cultural adaptations of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for various minority cultural groups, research into cultural adaptations of CBT for the Orthodox Jewish community has been scarce. This qualitative study interviewed five CBT therapists about their experiences working with clients from the London Orthodox Jewish community and uncovered several key practical implications for the clinical practice of CBT with this client group. This study indicates that CBT is a culturally appropriate psychological treatment for this client group that accords with Orthodox Jewish teachings and religious beliefs. CBT therapists are encouraged to become familiar with Orthodox Jewish cultural practices and beliefs and adopt a culturally sensitive approach to treatment. Despite the reduced mental health stigma within the community, this study recommends that CBT therapists normalise mental health conditions and therapy with Orthodox Jewish clients. Due to the close-knit nature of the community, it is suggested that CBT therapists display heightened confidentiality with this client group. To overcome the mistrust of their Orthodox Jewish clients, CBT therapists are advised to display cultural sensitivity and genuine respect for the Orthodox Jewish way of life, in addition to building a strong therapeutic alliance. Further qualitative research exploring different perspectives is necessary to produce evidence-based guidelines for the cultural adaptation of CBT for the Orthodox Jewish community.

Key learning aims

(1)
To explore how CBT therapists work with the religious beliefs and practices of Orthodox Jewish clients.

(2)
To discover the challenges faced by Orthodox Jewish clients when accessing psychological treatment.

(3)
To consider the ways in which CBT can be culturally adapted to meet the needs of the Orthodox Jewish community.
Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) control with soil-active herbicides in no-till fallow
Authors: Lyon Drew J. , Barroso Judit , Thorne Mark E. , Gourlie Jennifer , Lutcher Larry K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe benefits of no-till fallow, which include reduced soil erosion, improved soil health, and increased stored soil water, are in jeopardy because of the widespread development of glyphosate resistance in Russian thistle. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of soil-active, residual herbicides for Russian thistle control in no-till fallow. The combinations of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone and flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, and metribuzin alone were each applied in late fall, late winter, and split-applied in late fall and late winter at three sites: Adams, OR, in 2017–2018; Lind, WA, in 2018–2019; and Ralston, WA, in 2019–2020. All treatments provided good to excellent control of the initial flush of Russian thistle when assessed in mid-May, except the late-fall application of metribuzin at all three sites, and the late-fall application of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone at Adams. Cumulative Russian thistle densities, evaluated monthly throughout the fallow season, were lowest for the sulfentrazone + carfentrazone treatments, except for the late-fall application at Adams. However, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone and metribuzin provided greater control of tumble mustard and prickly lettuce than did sulfentrazone + carfentazone. Sulfentrazone + carfentrazone, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, and metribuzin can all be used for Russian thistle control in fallow. To reduce the risk for crop injury to subsequently planted winter wheat, a late-fall application of sulfentrazone + carfentrazone may be the preferred treatment in low-rainfall regions where winter wheat–fallow is commonly practiced. A late-winter application may be preferred in higher rainfall regions where a 3-year rotation (e.g., winter wheat–spring wheat–fallow) is common. Flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone should be considered if other broadleaf weeds, such as tumble mustard or prickly lettuce, are of concern. The use of these soil-applied herbicides will reduce the need for the frequent application of glyphosate for Russian thistle control in no-till fallow.