bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lebenslaufmodelle und Zeitreflexion: Modifikationen der Initiationsgeschichte
Authors: Brössel Stephan 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Zwischenphase erhebt das Lebenslaufmodell der Goethezeit zu einem ihrer zentralen Problemverhandlungsfelder. Literatur entwirft ›Welten‹ mit anthropomorphen Bewohnern, fiktiven Personen mit körperlichen und geistigen Eigenschaften des Menschen. Und Figuren setzen sich mit dem eigenen Selbst und ihrem soziokulturellen Umfeld auseinander. Es geht um die Selbstfindung und die Einfindung in die soziokulturelle Lebenswelt.
Real-time gravitational replicas: formalism and a variational principle
Authors: Colin-Ellerin Sean , Dong Xi , Marolf Donald , Rangamani Mukund , Wang Zhencheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work is the first step in a two-part investigation of real-time replica wormholes. Here we study the associated real-time gravitational path integral and construct the variational principle that will define its saddle-points. We also describe the general structure of the resulting real-time replica wormhole saddles, setting the stage for construction of explicit examples. These saddles necessarily involve complex metrics, and thus are accessed by deforming the original real contour of integration. However, the construction of these saddles need not rely on analytic continuation, and our formulation can be used even in the presence of non-analytic boundary-sources. Furthermore, at least for replica- and CPT-symmetric saddles we show that the metrics may be taken to be real in regions spacelike separated from a so-called ‘splitting surface’. This feature is an important hallmark of unitarity in a field theory dual.
Reduced frequency of cytotoxic CD56dim CD16+ NK cells leads to impaired antibody-dependent degranulation in EBV-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Pánisová Elena , Lünemann Anna , Bürgler Simone , Kotur Monika , Lazarovici Julien , Danu Alina , Kaulfuss Meike , Mietz Juliane , Chijioke Obinna , Münz Christian , Busson Pierre , Berger Christoph , Ghez David , Azzi Tarik 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAround 30–50% of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) cases in immunocompetent individuals from industrialized countries are associated with the B-lymphotropic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Although natural killer (NK) cells exhibit anti-viral and anti-tumoral functions, virtually nothing is known about quantitative and qualitative differences in NK cells in patients with EBV+ cHL vs. EBV- cHL. Here, we prospectively investigated 36 cHL patients without known immune suppression or overt immunodeficiency at diagnosis. All 10 EBV+ cHL patients and 25 out 26 EBV- cHL were seropositive for EBV antibodies, and EBV+ cHL patients presented with higher plasma EBV DNA levels compared to EBV- cHL patients. We show that the CD56dim CD16+ NK cell subset was decreased in frequency in EBV+ cHL patients compared to EBV- cHL patients. This quantitative deficiency translates into an impaired CD56dim NK cell mediated degranulation toward rituximab-coated HLA class 1 negative lymphoblastoid cells in EBV+ compared to EBV- cHL patients. We finally observed a trend to a decrease in the rituximab-associated degranulation and ADCC of in vitro expanded NK cells of EBV+ cHL compared to healthy controls. Our findings may impact on the design of adjunctive treatment targeting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in EBV+ cHL.
Age-dependent microstructural changes of the intervertebral disc: a validation of proteoglycan-sensitive spectral CT
Authors: Pohlan Julian , Stelbrink Carsten , Pumberger Matthias , Deppe Dominik , Schömig Friederike , Hecht Nils , Göhler Friedemann , Hamm Bernd , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the two major components of the intervertebral disc (IVD) in an ex vivo phantom, as well as age-related changes in patients.

Methods
Collagen and chondroitin sulfate were imaged at different concentrations in agar solution. Age-related changes in disc density were retrospectively analyzed in normal-appearing discs in dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) images from a patient cohort with various spinal pathologies (n = 136). All computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired using single-source DECT at 80 and 135 kVp with automatic exposure calculation. In 136 patients, the attenuation of normal-appearing discs on collagen/chondroitin maps (cMaps) correlated with the patients’ age with Pearson’s r using standardized regions of interest in the anterior anulus fibrosus (AAF) and nucleus pulposus (NP).

Results
DECT collagen mapping revealed concentration-dependent Hounsfield units (HU) of IVD components. For collagen, we found Pearson’s r = 0.9610 (95% CI 0.6789–0.9959), p = 0.0023 at 120 kVe, and r = 0.8824 (95% CI 0.2495–0.9871), p = 0.0199 in cMap. For chondroitin sulfate, Pearson’s r was 0.9583 (95% CI 0.6603–0.9956), p = 0.0026 at 120 kVp, and r = 0.9646 (95% CI 0.7044–0.9963), p = 0.0019 in cMap. Analysis of normal-appearing IVDs revealed an inverse correlation of density with age in the AAF: Pearson’s r = − 0.2294 at 135 kVp (95% CI − 0.4012 to − 0.04203; p=0.0141) and r = − 0.09341 in cMap (95% CI − 0.2777 to 0.09754; p = 0.0003). In the NP, age and density did not correlate significantly at 135 kVp (p = 0.9228) and in cMap (p = 0.3229).

Conclusions
DECT-based collagen mapping allows microstructural analysis of the two main intervertebral disc components—collagen and chondroitin sulfate. IVD density declines with age, presumably due to a reduction in collagen and chondroitin sulfate content. Age-related alterations of disc microstructure appear most pronounced in the AAF.

Key Points
• DECT-based collagen mapping allows precise analysis of the two main intervertebral disc components—collagen and chondroitin sulfate.
• Intervertebral disc (IVD) density declines with age, presumably due to a reduction in collagen and chondroitin sulfate content.
• Age-related alterations of disc microstructure are most pronounced in the anterior anulus fibrosus (AAF).
Pilonidal sinus disease on the rise: a one-third incidence increase in inpatients in 13 years with substantial regional variation in Germany
Authors: Oetzmann von Sochaczewski Christina , Gödeke Jan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Collective evidence from single-centre studies suggests an increasing incidence of pilonidal sinus disease in the last decades, but population-based data is scarce.

Methods
We analysed administrative case–based principal diagnoses of pilonidal sinus disease and its surgical therapy between 2005 and 2017 in inpatients. Changes were addressed via linear regression.

Results
The mean rate of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease per 100,000 men increased from 43 in 2005 to 56 in 2017. In females, the mean rate of inpatient episodes per 100,000 women rose from 14 in 2005 to 18 in 2017. In the whole population, for every case per 100,000 females, there were 3.1 cases per 100,000 males, but the numbers were highly variable between the age groups. There was considerable regional variation within Germany. Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease were increasing in almost all age groups and both sexes by almost a third. Surgery was dominated by excision of pilonidal sinus without reconstructive procedures, such as flaps, whose share was around 13% of all procedures, despite recommendations of the national guidelines to prefer flap procedures.

Conclusion
Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease in Germany rose across almost all age groups and both sexes with relevant regional variation. The underlying causative factors are unknown. Thus, patient-centred research is necessary to explore them. This should also take cases into account that are solely treated office-based in order to obtain a full-spectrum view of pilonidal sinus disease incidence rates.
α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy
Authors: Dutta Suman , Hornung Simon , Kruayatidee Adira , Maina Katherine N. , del Rosario Irish , Paul Kimberly C. , Wong Darice Y. , Duarte Folle Aline , Markovic Daniela , Palma Jose-Alberto , Serrano Geidy E. , Adler Charles H. , Perlman Susan L. , Poon Wayne W. , Kang Un Jung , Alcalay Roy N. , Sklerov Miriam , Gylys Karen H. , Kaufmann Horacio , Fogel Brent L. , Bronstein Jeff M. , Ritz Beate , Bitan Gal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes is difficult due to the lack of reliable, easily accessible biomarkers. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a synucleinopathy whose symptoms often overlap with PD. Exosomes isolated from blood by immunoprecipitation using CNS markers provide a window into the brain’s biochemistry and may assist in distinguishing between PD and MSA. Thus, we asked whether α-synuclein (α-syn) in such exosomes could distinguish among healthy individuals, patients with PD, and patients with MSA. We isolated exosomes from the serum or plasma of these three groups by immunoprecipitation using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers in two independent cohorts and measured α-syn in these exosomes using an electrochemiluminescence ELISA. In both cohorts, α-syn concentrations were significantly lower in the control group and significantly higher in the MSA group compared to the PD group. The ratio between α-syn concentrations in putative oligodendroglial exosomes compared to putative neuronal exosomes was a particularly sensitive biomarker for distinguishing between PD and MSA. Combining this ratio with the α-syn concentration itself and the total exosome concentration, a multinomial logistic model trained on the discovery cohort separated PD from MSA with an AUC = 0.902, corresponding to 89.8% sensitivity and 86.0% specificity when applied to the independent validation cohort. The data demonstrate that a minimally invasive blood test measuring α-syn in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using CNS markers can distinguish between patients with PD and patients with MSA with high sensitivity and specificity. Future optimization and validation of the data by other groups would allow this strategy to become a viable diagnostic test for synucleinopathies.
Trajectories of pain over 6 years in early Parkinson’s disease: ICICLE-PD
Authors: Naisby J. , Lawson R. A. , Galna B. , Alcock L. , Burn D. J. , Rochester L. , Yarnall A. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Pain is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), affecting up to 85% of patients. The frequency and stability of pain over time has not been extensively studied. There is a paucity of high-quality studies investigating pain management in PD. To develop interventions, an understanding of how pain changes over the disease course is required.

Methods
One hundred and fifty-four participants with early PD and 99 age-and-sex-matched controls were recruited as part of a longitudinal study (Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Cohorts with Longitudinal Evaluation in PD, ICICLE-PD). Pain data were collected at 18-month intervals over 72 months in both groups using the Nonmotor Symptom Questionnaire (NMSQ), consisting of a binary yes/no response. Two questions from the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) were analysed for the PD group only.

Results
Unexplained pain was common in the PD group and occurred more frequently than in age-matched controls. ‘Aches and pains’ occurred more frequently than ‘cramps and muscle spasms’ at each time point (p < 0.001) except 54 months.

Conclusions
This study shows that pain is prevalent even in the early stages of PD, yet the frequency and type of pain fluctuates as symptoms progress. People with PD should be asked about their pain at clinical consultations and given support with describing pain given the different ways this can present.
Parents’ intention to get vaccinated and to have their child vaccinated against COVID-19: cross-sectional analyses using data from the KUNO-Kids health study
Authors: Brandstetter Susanne , Böhmer Merle M. , Pawellek Maja , Seelbach-Göbel Birgit , Melter Michael , Kabesch Michael , Apfelbacher Christian ,   KUNO-Kids study group, Ambrosch Andreas , Arndt Petra , Baessler Andrea , Berneburg Mark , Böse-O’Reilly Stephan , Brunner Romuald , Buchalla Wolfgang , Malfertheiner Sara Fill , Franke André , Häusler Sebastian , Heid Iris , Herr Caroline , Högler Wolfgang , Kerzel Sebastian , Koller Michael , Leitzmann Michael , Rothfuß David , Rösch Wolfgang , Schaub Bianca , Weber Bernhard H.F. , Weidinger Stephan , Wellmann Sven 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA COVID-19 vaccine can be an important key for mitigating the spread of the pandemic, provided that it is accepted by a sufficient proportion of the population. This study investigated parents’ intention to get vaccinated and to have one’s child vaccinated against COVID-19. In May 2020, 612 parents participating with their child in the KUNO-Kids health study completed an online survey. Multivariable logistic regression models were calculated to analyze predictors of intention to vaccinate. Fifty-eight percent of parents intended to get vaccinated against COVID-19, and 51% intended to have their child vaccinated. Significant predictors for the intention to get vaccinated and for having the child vaccinated included stronger parental confidence in one’s knowledge about prevention measures and lower beliefs that policy measures were exaggerated.Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was considerable in our sample of parents in Germany. However, our study revealed some potentially modifiable factors which should be addressed by a comprehensive and tailored communication and education strategy.

What is Known?• A COVID-19 vaccine can mitigate the spread of the pandemic.• Many parents are skeptical about vaccinations in general.

What is New?• COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was considerable in our sample of parents from Germany, not only for getting vaccinated but also for having the child vaccinated.• Negative parental attitudes regarding policy measures to contain the pandemic were associated with a lower intention to vaccinate.
Strongly Stable and Maximum Weakly Stable Noncrossing Matchings
Authors: Hamada Koki , Miyazaki Shuichi , Okamoto Kazuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn IWOCA 2019, Ruangwises and Itoh introduced stable noncrossing matchings, where participants of each side are aligned on each of two parallel lines, and no two matching edges are allowed to cross each other. They defined two stability notions, strongly stable noncrossing matching (SSNM) and weakly stable noncrossing matching (WSNM), depending on the strength of blocking pairs. They proved that a WSNM always exists and presented an $$O(n^{2})$$

O
(

n
2

)

-time algorithm to find one for an instance with n men and n women. They also posed open questions of the complexities of determining existence of an SSNM and finding a largest WSNM. In this paper, we show that both problems are solvable in polynomial time. Our algorithms are applicable to extensions where preference lists may include ties, except for one case which we show to be NP-complete. This NP-completeness holds even if each person's preference list is of length at most two and ties appear in only men's preference lists. To complement this intractability, we show that the problem is solvable in polynomial time if the length of preference lists of one side is bounded by one (but that of the other side is unbounded).
Niederschlags-Abfluss-Modellierung mit Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
Authors: Kratzert Frederik , Gauch Martin , Nearing Grey , Hochreiter Sepp , Klotz Daniel 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungMethoden der künstlichen Intelligenz haben sich in den letzten Jahren zu essenziellen Bestandteilen fast aller Bereiche von Wissenschaft und Technik entwickelt. Dies gilt auch für die Hydrologie: Vielschichtige neuronale Netzwerke – auch bekannt als Modelle des Deep Learning – ermöglichen hier Vorhersagen von Niederschlagsabflussmengen in zuvor unerreichter Präzision.Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet das Potenzial von Deep Learning für wasserwirtschaftliche Anwendungen. Der erste Teil des Artikels zeigt, wie sogenannte Long Short-Term Memory-Netzwerke – eine spezifisch für Zeitreihen entwickelte Methode des Deep Learnings – für die Niederschlags-Abfluss-Modellierung verwendet werden, und wie diese für eine Reihe hydrologischer Probleme bessere Ergebnisse als jedes andere bekannte hydrologische Modell erzielen. Der zweite Teil demonstriert wesentliche Eigenschaften der Long Short-Term Memory-Netzwerke. Zum einen zeigen wir, dass diese Netzwerke beliebige Daten verarbeiten können. Dies erlaubt es, mögliche synergetische Effekte aus unterschiedlichen meteorologischen Datensätzen zu extrahieren und damit die Modellgüte zu verbessern. Zum anderen stellen wir dar, wie relevante hydrologische Prozesse (wie z. B. das Akkumulieren und Schmelzen von Schnee) innerhalb der Modelle abgebildet werden, ohne dass diese spezifisch darauf trainiert wurden.
Photobiomodulation of oral fibroblasts stimulated with periodontal pathogens
Authors: Serrage H. J. , Cooper P. R. , Palin W. M. , Horstman P. , Hadis M. , Milward M. R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) utilises light energy to treat oral disease, periodontitis. However, there remains inconsistency in the reporting of treatment parameters and a lack of knowledge as to how PBM elicits its molecular effects in vitro. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the potential immunomodulatory effects of blue and near infra-red light irradiation on gingival fibroblasts (GFs), a key cell involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. GFs were seeded in 96-well plates in media + / − Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS 1 μg/ml), or heat-killed Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum, 100:1MOI) or Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis, 500:1MOI). Cultures were incubated overnight and subsequently irradiated using a bespoke radiometrically calibrated LED array (400–830 nm, irradiance: 24 mW/cm2 dose: 5.76 J/cm2). Effects of PBM on mitochondrial activity (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays, total reactive oxygen species production (ROS assay) and pro-inflammatory/cytokine response (interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumour growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)) were assessed 24 h post-irradiation. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. Irradiation of untreated (no inflammatory stimulus) cultures at 400 nm induced 15%, 27% and 13% increases in MTT, ROS and IL-8 levels, respectively (p < 0.05). Exposure with 450 nm light following application of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum or LPS induced significant decreases in TGFβ1 secretion relative to their bacterially stimulated controls (p < 0.001). Following stimulation with P. gingivalis, 400 nm irradiation induced 14% increases in MTT, respectively, relative to bacteria-stimulated controls (p < 0.05). These findings could identify important irradiation parameters to enable management of the hyper-inflammatory response characteristic of periodontitis.
Another usage of autotomized penis
Authors: Sekizawa Ayami , Tsurumi Yurika , Ito Natsuki , Nakashima Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe described and compared the mating behavior and morphology of the reproductive system in chromodorid nudibranchs, then, examined how extensively the unique usage of the penis (autotomy and sperm removal) evolved among Chromodorids. In addition to Ardeadoris egretta, all of examined five species in Glossodoris autotomized their penises at the last stage of copulation. An interspecific difference was seen in penis autotomy in Noumea and Goniobranchus. A spiral structure was recognized in the vas deferens of autotomized species. This structure is supposed to be undifferentiated “next penises” stored in the vas deferens, which ensure successive copulation in autotomized species. Though the basic mechanism of penis replenishment was consistent, the reason to autotomize their penises may not be the same. Goniobranchus reticulatus is reported to remove sperm already stored in the mating partner’s sperm storage organ(s) with backward-pointing spines on the surface of its penis. Contrary to G. reticulatus, all of ten species that autotomized their penises in the present study did not have thorny but smooth penises. When they autotomized their penises, the tip of the penises still remained in the vagina of the partners. This suggests that autotomized penises in these nudibranchs function as a kind of copulatory plugs.
Chancen und Potenziale von Mobility-as-a-Service nach der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Scheier Benedikt , Frieske Benjamin , Viergutz Kathrin 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Pandemie stellt einen Einschnitt in der positiven Entwicklung des öffentlichen Verkehrs dar. Die Furcht der Nutzer:innen vor Infektionen könnte einen nachhaltigen negativen Effekt auf den öffentlichen Verkehr haben. Dieser Beitrag stellt Chancen und Potenziale des Mobility-as-a-Service vor, mit einem Fokus auf die Betriebsform Demand-Responsive Transport. Besondere Chancen könnten in einem Fahrzeugkonzept mit exklusiven Abteilen liegen, die auch bezüglich des Infektionsschutzes Vorteile gegenüber herkömmlichen Fahrzeugen des ÖPNV aufweisen. Auf Basis einer Betriebssimulation werden Anschaffungs- und Besitzkosten ermittelt.
Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles
Authors: Gugliuzzo Antonio , Biedermann Peter H. W. , Carrillo Daniel , Castrillo Louela A. , Egonyu James P. , Gallego Diego , Haddi Khalid , Hulcr Jiri , Jactel Hervé , Kajimura Hisashi , Kamata Naoto , Meurisse Nicolas , Li You , Oliver Jason B. , Ranger Christopher M. , Rassati Davide , Stelinski Lukasz L. , Sutherland Roanne , Tropea Garzia Giovanna , Wright Mark G. , Biondi Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining plant health by reducing physiological stress is the first recommendation for long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs and trap trees of selected species can be used to monitor Xylosandrus species. Conventional pest control methods are mostly ineffective against Xylosandrus beetles because of the pests’ broad host range and rapid spread. Due to challenges with conventional control, more innovative control approaches are being tested, such as the optimization of the push–pull strategy based on specific attractant and repellent combinations, or the use of insecticide-treated netting. Biological control based on the release of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, as well as the use of antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation in real field conditions. Overall, we suggest that management efforts should primarily focus on reducing plant stress and potentially be combined with a multi-faceted approach for controlling Xylosandrus damage.