bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A snapshot study of the microbial community dynamics in naturally fermented cow’s milk
Authors: Xu Wei‐Liang , Li Chun‐Dong , Guo Yuan‐Sheng , Zhang Yi , Ya Mei , Guo Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNatural fermentation of milk is a prerequisite in the production of traditional dairy products and is considered a bioresource of fermentative microorganisms and probiotics. To understand the microbial dynamics during distinct fermentative phases, the roles of different microbes, and the relationship between bacteria and fungi, microbial community dynamics was investigated by culture‐dependent and culture‐independent approaches. Natural, static fermentation of milk induces the formation of the underlying curds and the superficial sour cream (Zuohe in the Mongolian language). From an overall perspective, viable LAB increased remarkably. Yeast showed an initial increase in their abundance (from 0 hr to 24 hr), which was followed by a decrease, and mold was detected at the later stages of fermentation (after 68 hr). The observed trends in microbiota variation suggest an antagonistic interaction between bacteria (LAB) and fungi (yeast and mold). The beneficial bacterial and fungal genus and species (e.g., Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Dipodascus, Lactococcus lacti, Dipodascus australiensis) are gradually increased in concentration, and the potentially detrimental microbial genus and species (e.g., Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Mortierella, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Fusarium solani) decrease during the decline of bacterial and fungi diversity from natural fermentation. The study of microbial community dynamics could make a great contribution to understand the mechanism of natural fermentation of milk and the formation of curds and Zuohe, and to discover the potentially fermentative microbes for industrial starter cultures.
Genesis of hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit, central China: Constraints from in situ sulphur isotope and trace elements of pyrite
Authors: Feng Jia‐Ying , Tang Li , Santosh M. , Zhang Shou‐Ting , Sheng Yuan‐Ming , Hu Xin‐Kai , Wang Liang 
Published: February 2021

The Qianhe gold deposit, located at Xiong'ershan in Eastern Qinling, with estimated gold reserves of 22 tons, hosts six orebodies within auriferous quartz veins and hydrothermally‐altered rocks along E–W trending faults. Here we present results from an integrated study involving field investigation, ore petrology, in situ sulphur isotopes, and trace elements analysis of gold‐bearing pyrite with a view to understanding the genesis of the hydrothermal gold mineralization. Three generations of pyrite are identified in the Qianhe Au deposit: Py1 is composed of coarse‐grained, euhedral cubic grains occurring at the margin of stage I quartz + pyrite vein; Py2 is occurs as porous grains coexisting with other sulphide minerals in stage II quartz + polymetallic sulphide veins; and Py3 is mainly composed of anhedral grains in stage III quartz + calcite + fluorite vein. Among the three generations, Py2 has the highest contents of Au (mean = 3.5 ppm), Ag (mean = 46.0 ppm), Zn (mean = 303 ppm), and Cu (mean = 346 ppm). The distribution and concentration of these trace elements are likely to be controlled by micro/nano‐inclusions in pyrite. The Co/Ni ratios range from 0.010 to 296, with most values lying between 0.1 and 10. The δ34S values of the various pyrite generations show a wide range between −17.9‰ and 4.5‰ with obviously higher values in Py3 (2.0‰ to 4.5‰) than those in Py1 (−16.7‰ to −13.5‰) and Py2 (−17.9‰ to −9.0‰). The negative δ34S values in Py1 and Py2 possibly resulted from sulphur isotope fractionation between sulphide and sulphate minerals. As sulphate minerals are absent in stage III, the slightly positive δ34S values in Py3 suggest a mixed source from mantle‐derived material and wall rocks of the Xiong'er Group. We correlate the genesis of gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit with the extension and lithospheric thinning during Early Cretaceous, when ore‐bearing fluids channelled along fault zones induced hydrothermal alteration and Au mineralization.
The effect of hedgerow wild‐margins on topsoil hydraulic properties, and overland‐flow incidence, magnitude and water‐quality
Authors: Wallace Ethan E. , McShane Gareth , Tych Wlodek , Kretzschmar Ann , McCann Thomas , Chappell Nick A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOverland and shallow‐subsurface flows from agricultural catchments are believed to contribute towards flood‐risk and water‐quality degradation across the globe. Hedgerows are commonplace agricultural features that may disrupt these rapid hydrological pathways. Research into the hydrological functioning of hedgerows is very limited however, with no field‐based quantitative comparison of overland‐flows within hedgerows versus other land‐uses. This research is the first globally to observe changes in overland‐flow incidence, volume and water‐quality, alongside topsoil hydraulic and physico‐chemical properties, induced by a hedgerow and adjoining wild‐margin within a grassland landscape. Observations were conducted within two replicated paired‐plots between a hedgerow wild‐margin and a bordering pasture, within Cumbria, UK. Compared to adjacent pasture, hedge‐margins significantly reduced topsoil dry bulk‐density and increased porosity, and significantly increased the topsoil median permeability by a factor of 22–27. Overland‐flow models, based on direct observations, highlight that hedge‐margins are slower to produce overland‐flows than pastures, requiring an equal or greater amount of saturation before the onset of overland‐flow generation. Hedge‐margins resultantly produced less overland‐flow volume, likely due to increased infiltration, percolation and/or evapotranspiration. Soil saturation models, also based on direct observations, confirm pastures saturate faster than hedge‐margins, with hedge‐margins having extremely variable dynamics in relation to precipitation, whereas pastures have more moderate and consistent dynamics. Overland‐flow water‐quality from ‘wash‐off’ experiments highlight that hedge‐margins may store substantially more nitrate (70–260%), nitrate‐nitrite (640–650%), and loose sediment (540–3970%) on the ground surface compared to pastures; although further experimentation is needed to determine contaminant mobilization potential.
Hypofractionated volumetric‐modulated arc therapy for breast cancer: A propensity‐score‐weighted comparison of radiation‐related toxicity
Authors: Kim Nalee , Chang Jee Suk , Shah Chirag , Shin Hyejung , Keum Ki Chang , Suh Chang‐Ok , Kim Yong Bae 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe assessed the clinical benefit of combining volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and hypofractionated radiotherapy (HF‐RT) considering the incidence of radiation‐related toxicities. After a retrospective review for breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant RT between 2005 and 2017, a total of 4209 patients treated with three‐dimensional conventional fractionation (CF‐3D, 50.4 Gy/28 fractions) and 1540 patients treated with HF‐RT (768 received HF‐3D; 772, HF‐VMAT; 40 Gy/15 fractions) were included. A total of 2229 patients (38.8%) received regional node irradiation (RNI): 1642 (39.0%), 167 (21.7%) and 420 (54.4%) received RNI via CF‐3D, HF‐3D and HF‐VMAT, respectively. Acute/subacute and late toxicities were evaluated. Propensity scores were calculated via logistic regression. Grade 2+ acute/subacute toxicities was the highest in CF‐3D group (15.0%, 2.6% and 1.6% in CF‐3D, HF‐3D and HF‐VMAT, respectively; P < .001). HF‐VMAT reduced Grade 2+ acute/subacute toxicities significantly compared to CF‐3D (odds ratio [OR] 0.11, P < .001) and HF‐3D (OR 0.45, P = .010). The 3‐year cumulative rate of late toxicities was 18.0% (20.1%, 10.9% and 13.4% in CF‐3D, HF‐3D and HF‐VMAT, respectively; P < .001). On sensitivity analysis, the benefit of HF‐VMAT was high in the RNI group. Acute and late toxicities were fewer after HF‐VMAT than after HF‐3D or CF‐3D, especially in women who underwent RNI.
Only three cycles of nivolumab showed remarkable durable response and reversible myeloradiculoneuropathy in a patient with metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2
Authors: Iwasaki Kazunori , Shin Toshitaka , Inoue Toru , Shibuya Tadamasa , Hirai Kenichi , Ando Tadasuke , Mimata Hiromitsu 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionThe efficacy of nivolumab for non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma is still unclear. We present a rare case of metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma remarkably responded to nivolumab but developed myeloradiculoneuropathy as immune‐related adverse event.Case presentationThe patient had previously undergone radical nephrectomy for right renal mass and was diagnosed as papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2, pT3bN0M0. Three years after the first surgery, he received 3 mg/kg of nivolumab as a second‐line drug for mediastinum lymph nodes and lung metastases. With three cycles of nivolumab, the patient felt progressive weakness of the legs and received two cycles of steroid‐pulse therapy based on the diagnosis of myeloradiculoneuropathy. Although nivolumab therapy has been discontinued, the metastases show radiographic complete response at 2 years after the last nivolumab administration without any additional therapy.ConclusionNivolumab may be a promising treatment option for non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma such as papillary renal cell carcinoma.
Front Cover
Authors: Yang Bin , Lee Po‐Yi , Hua Yi , Brazile Bryn , Waxman Susannah , Ji Fengting , Zhu Ziyi , Sigal Ian A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInstant polarized light microscopy (IPOL) allows for direct visualization of collagen with a single image encoding orientation and retardance in color and intensity, respectively, without post‐processing. The high spatiotemporal resolution of IPOL makes it well‐suited for quantitative imaging of collagen microarchitecture and behavior under dynamic loading. IPOL is therefore a powerful imaging tool that facilitates research on the biomechanics and pathophysiology of collagenous tissues. We demonstrate IPOL for sheep eyes, pig chordae tendineae and chicken tendon.Further details can be found in the article by Bin Yang, Po‐Yi Lee, Yi Hua, Bryn Brazile, Susannah Waxman, Fengting Ji, Ziyi Zhu, and Ian A. Sigal (e202000326).
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Micropatterning of polymer substrates for cell culture
Authors: Yu Suzhu , Liu Dan , Wang Tianyi , Lee Yi Zhen , Wong Joshua Cheng Ning , Song Xu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe cell microenvironment such as substrate topology plays an important role in biological processes. In this study, microgrooves were successfully produced on surfaces of both thermoplastic and thermoset polymers using cost‐effective techniques for mass production. The micropatterning of thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) petri dish was accomplished efficiently using an in‐house developed low‐cost hot embossing system. The high replication fidelity of the microgroove with depth and width of 2 μm and spacing of 2 μm was achieved by using silicone rubber as a soft counter mold. This patterned petri dish subsequently served as the cast to replicate the micropattern onto thermoset polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). It was found that the micropattern increased the hydrophobicity of both PS and PDMS surfaces. The effect of the substrate micropattern on cellular behaviors was preliminarily investigated with untreated and treated PS petri dish as well as PDMS. The results show that the micropattern significantly improved cell adhesion and proliferation for cells cultured on untreated PS petri dish and PDMS substrates. Moreover, the micropattern induced obvious cell alignment along the microgrooves for culturing on all substrates which were studied.
Multipolar electrostatics for hairpin and pseudoknots in RNA: Improving the accuracy of force field potential energy function
Authors: Yuan Yongna , Fu Shaowei , Huo Dongxu , Su Wei , Zhang Ruisheng , Wei Jiaxuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations that rely on force field methods has been widely used to explore the structure and function of RNAs. However, the current commonly used force fields are limited by the electrostatic description offered by atomic charge, dipole and at most quadrupole moments, failing to capture the anisotropic picture of electronic features. Actually, the distribution of electrons around atomic nuclei is not spherically symmetric but is geometry dependent. A multipolar electrostatic model based on high rank multipole moments is described in this work, which allows us to combine polarizability and anisotropy of electron density. RNA secondary structure was taken as a research system, and its substructures including stem, loops (hairpin loop, bulge loop, internal loop, and multi‐branch loop), and pseudoknots (H‐type and K‐type) were investigated, respectively, as well as the hairpin. First, the atom–atom electrostatic properties derived from one chain of a duplex RNA 2MVY in our previous work (Ref. 58) were measured by the pilot RNA systems of hairpin, hairpin loop, stem, and H‐type pseudoknot, respectively. The prediction results were not satisfactory. Consequently, to obtain a general set of electrostatic parameters for RNA force fields, the convergence behavior of the atom–atom electrostatic interactions in the pilot RNA systems was explored using high rank atomic multipole moments. The pilot RNA systems were cut into four types of different‐sized molecular fragments, and the single nucleotide fragment and nucleotide‐paired fragment proved to be the most reasonable systems for base‐unpairing regions and base‐pairing regions to investigate the convergence behavior of all types of atom–atom electrostatic interactions, respectively. Transferability of the electrostatic properties drawn from the pilot RNA systems to the corresponding test systems was also investigated. Furthermore, the convergence behavior of atomic electrostatic interactions in other substructures including bulge loop, internal loop, multi‐branch loop, and K‐type pseudoknot was expected to be modeled via the hairpin.
Methotrexate Triglutamate as a Determinant of Clinical Response in Mexican Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pharmacokinetics and Dose Recommendation
Authors: Huerta‐García Ana P. , Rodríguez‐Báez Ana S. , Medellín‐Garibay Susanna E. , Portales‐Pérez Diana P. , Martínez‐Martínez Marco U. , Abud‐Mendoza Carlos , Herrera‐Van Oostdam David , Romano‐Moreno Silvia , Milán‐Segovia Rosa del C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMethotrexate is the gold standard treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Once absorbed, it is internalized in cells, where glutamate residues are added to produce polyglutamated forms, which are responsible for the effect of methotrexate. The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between methotrexate triglutamate concentrations and the clinical evolution in rheumatoid arthritis patients, as well as to characterize the variability in both features to propose strategies for low‐dose methotrexate optimization. The quantification of methotrexate triglutamate concentration in red blood cells was performed through ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Polymorphisms of genes involved in the formation of polyglutamates were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A multivariate regression was performed to determine the covariates involved in the variability of methotrexate triglutamate concentrations and a population pharmacokinetics model was developed through nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. Disease activity score changed according to methotrexate triglutamate concentrations; patients with good response to treatment had higher concentrations than moderate or nonresponding patients. The methotrexate triglutamate concentrations were related to time under treatment, dose, red blood cells, and body mass index. A 1‐compartment open model was selected to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters; the typical total clearance (L/day) was determined as 1.45 * (body mass index/28 kg/m2) * (red blood cells/4.6 × 106 cells/μL) and the volume of distribution was 52.4 L, with an absorption rate of 0.0346/day and a fraction metabolized of 1.03%. Through the application of the model, the initial dose of methotrexate is proposed on the basis of stochastic simulations and considering methotrexate triglutamate concentrations found in responders patients.
Assessment of atrial functional remodeling in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with and without drug‐induced type 1 Brugada pattern: A case‐control study
Authors: Kocabaş Umut , Payzın Serdar , Hasdemir Can 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThe time interval between the onset of the P‐wave on electrocardiogram (ECG) and peak A′ velocity of the lateral left atrial wall assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (PA‐TDI interval) determine total atrial conduction time (TACT) which reflects atrial remodeling and arrhythmic substrate. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess TACT in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) with and without drug‐induced type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram ECG pattern (DI‐Type 1 BrP) and control subjects.MethodsStudy population consisted of 62 consecutive patients (46 women; mean age 44 ± 12 years) undergoing electrophysiological study and ablation for symptomatic, drug‐resistant AVNRT, and 42 age‐matched and sex‐matched control subjects. All patients and control subjects underwent ajmaline challenge test and tissue Doppler imaging.ResultsA DI‐Type 1 BrP was uncovered in 24 of 62 patients with AVNRT (38.7%). PA‐TDI interval was similar among AVNRT patients with and without DI‐Type 1 BrP (124 ± 12 ms vs 119 ± 14 ms, respectively, P = .32), but significantly longer in patients with AVNRT with as well as without DI‐Type 1 BrP than in control subjects (124 ± 12 ms and 119 ± 14 ms vs 105 ± 11 ms, respectively, P < .001).ConclusionThe TACT assessed by PA‐TDI interval is longer in patients with AVNRT with and without DI‐Type 1 BrP than in age‐matched and sex‐matched healthy control subjects.
Discovery of wing imaginal discs in the penultimate instar of the lacewing Mallada desjardinsi (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) with histological notes on postembryonic imaginal disc development
Authors: Niitsu Shuhei , Hayashi Masayuki , Nemoto Taichi , Nomura Masashi , Kamito Takehiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHolometabolous insects are alternatively named “Endopterygota” because, in the larvae of many taxa, the wing primordia in the lateral regions of the meso‐ and metathoracic segments form more or less invaginated structures called wing imaginal discs. Holometabolous insects exhibit differential developmental timing of the wing during ontogeny. The condition in which wing growth is deferred until the end of larval life has been considered ancestral, whereas early disc formation has been recognized as the derived condition. Even though wing disc development in holometabolous insects has been studied extensively in select groups, many questions remain about the development of the wing imaginal disc in the orders Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, and Mecoptera. To clarify whether the wing imaginal disc of Neuroptera is typical of the derived condition, we examined the ontogeny of the wing imaginal discs in the lacewing Mallada desjardinsi histologically. Using both light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we were able to recognize wing imaginal discs in the penultimate larval instar (prefinal larval instar) of this species. To date, neuropteran insects have been characterized as having late‐forming wing imaginal discs. However, our findings show that the developmental pattern of the wing imaginal discs within the Neuroptera represents a more derived pattern of development in the Holometabola than was assumed previously.
Pre‐operative templating for total hip arthroplasty: How does radiographic technique and calibration marker placement affect image magnification?
Authors: Holliday Mia , Steward Adam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionPre‐operative templating using digital radiography is an effective method of planning for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and requires a generalised fixed magnification factor (MF) or external calibration markers (ECM). The effect on image magnification when changing source‐to‐image distance (SID), object‐to‐image distance (OID) and different imaging conditions is not well described. This study aims to quantify the range of effects manipulation of radiographic parameters can have on image magnification across different body habitus and imaging conditions.MethodsA simple phantom study was performed. A 25 mm ECM was placed at eight different OID values along the anterior–posterior phantom plane at three different SID values and imaging conditions, and X‐rays were obtained. On each radiograph, the ECM was measured using a line calliper tool by three radiographers and recorded. The MF was calculated and recorded.ResultsThe smallest observed image MF was 1.16, for an 8 cm OID, 120 cm SID with the ECM placed within the central ray and the X‐ray detector in bucky underneath the X‐ray table. The largest image MF was 1.40 for a 15 cm OID, 100 cm SID with the X‐ray detector placed underneath an emergency department imaging trolley.ConclusionsDigital pre‐operative templating for THA relies on accurate radiographic positioning and is dependent of the patient body habitus, radiographic parameters and imaging conditions selected by the radiographer. The use of appropriately positioned ECMs – placed medially between the patient’s internally rotated legs at the level of the greater trochanter, lowers the potential for magnification inaccuracies.
Australian radiographers' and radiation therapists' experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shanahan Madeleine C , Akudjedu Theophilus N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionRadiographers and radiation therapists are key patient‐facing health practitioners supporting the delivery of optimal patient care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of COVID‐19 on clinical service delivery and well‐being of these healthcare professionals in Australia.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey of Australian radiographers and radiation therapists was conducted in June–July 2020. The survey collected data on demographic characteristics, and the impact of COVID‐19 on professional practice, infection control and workplace‐related stress.ResultsA total of 218 responses were received. Changes in work hours (P < 0.001) and workload (P = 0.022) were experienced due to COVID‐19. Diagnostic radiographers reported increased procedural pressure on mobile radiography, computed tomography and general radiography. For radiation therapists, most pressure included areas of simulation and linear accelerator. PPE was in short supply at the start of the pandemic, and at the time of the study, shortages were identified for all PPE items. There was no difference in PPE supply reported by diagnostic radiographers and radiation therapists except for hand sanitiser (P = 0.003). Respondents experienced increased personal stress (61.4%) and anxiety (58.2%) at work due to COVID‐19. In addition, their work caused increased stress to their family, partners or friends (57.4%).ConclusionsCOVID‐19 has resulted in changes to clinical working patterns and service delivery. PPE shortages, as well as increased workplace‐related stress, were identified. Workplaces should seek to mitigate the pandemic impact through the provision of adequate PPE for safe practice as well as implement strategies to support and enhance staff well‐being.