bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Between Athletes and Performing Artists
Authors: Winkler Jenna V. , Bunker Aaron K. 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine whether inspiratory muscle training (IMT) had differential effects between athletes and performing artist's diaphragm performance. It was hypothesized that the performing artists would experience greater improvements in diaphragm performance than the athletes following an IMT program. The two groups underwent IMT by breathing through an IMT device 2 times every day for 9–11 weeks at 50% of their maximal inspiratory pressure (IP) for 30 seconds. Following IMT there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in maximal IP for athletes (2.7 mmHg or a 24% increase) and performing artists (5.8 mmHg or a 28.5% increase) compared to the control group (1.8 mmHg or a 13.1% increase). No significant difference in maximal expiratory flow rate (EFR) was observed between the groups or compared to controls. While athletes and performing artists both experienced significant improvements in diaphragm performance following the IMT program compared to the control group, no significant difference was observed between the groups for their percent change in IP or EFR. These results show that the magnitude of the effect of the IMT program between athletes and performing artists was equal. The data suggests that performing artists' diaphragm performance responds similarly to athletes' following a IMT program, which is likely due to regular use of their respiratory muscles when practicing for performancesThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Left ventricular systolic function is improved in well‐healed burn survivors after six months of exercise training
Authors: Moralez Gilbert , Hieda Michinari , Sarma Satyam , Romero Steven A. , Cramer Matthew N. , Huang Mu , Crandall Craig G. 
Published: June 2021

Recent studies have identified that well‐healed burn survivors have altered resting cardiac responses that persist years after the initial burn injury. In healthy non‐burned individuals, prolonged exercise leads to beneficial cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function. However, it is unknown whether burn survivors likewise demonstrate beneficial cardiac adaptations to long‐term aerobic exercise training. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that six months of aerobic exercise training improves left ventricular systolic function in well‐healed burn survivors. Eleven participants (8 males; aged 43 ± 13 years) with well‐healed burn injuries covering an average total body surface area of 53 ± 25% (range: 22–88%), participated in a progressive 6‐month aerobic‐focused exercise training regimen. An index of cardiac systolic function was assessed via speckle tracking analysis to measure local longitudinal peak systolic strain (Tomtec software) at rest, prior to and after the 6‐month aerobic‐focused exercise training regimen. Exercise training improved resting left ventricular longitudinal systolic strain (Pre, −13.6 ± 2.9% vs. Post, −16.3 ± 2.9%, P=0.013). These data show that despite impaired resting cardiac responses that persist well past complete recovery, cardiovascular adaptations to long‐term aerobic exercise training can be obtained in well‐healed burned subjects.Support or Funding InformationWork funded by NIH GM068865This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Effect of Exercise Training on Sympathetic Vasoconstrictor Responsiveness and Sympatholysis in Female Rats
Authors: DeLorey Darren S. , Just Timothy P. , Cooper Ian R. , Liu Sixue 
Published: June 2021

Our laboratory has previously reported that aerobic exercise training enhances contraction‐mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction (sympatholysis) in male rats. Whether aerobic exercise training has a similar effect in female rats has not been established. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that aerobic exercise training would blunt sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and enhance sympatholysis in female rats. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sedentary (n=10) or treadmill exercise training (n=8) groups (15 min at 40 m/min, 5% gradient; 5 d/week) for 10 weeks. Following the completion of the sedentary behavior or exercise training intervention, rats were anaesthetized and instrumented for stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain and the measurement of arterial blood pressure and femoral vascular conductance (FVC). The triceps surae muscle group was stimulated to contract rhythmically at 60% of maximal contractile force. The percentage change of FVC (Δ%FVC) in response to sympathetic stimulation delivered at 2 and 5 Hz was determined at rest and during contraction. At rest, sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness (Δ%FVC) was not different (p>0.05) between sedentary and exercise trained rats in response to sympathetic stimulation delivered at 2Hz (Sedentary: −39 ± 12 %; Exercise Trained: −45 ± 9 %) and 5Hz (Sedentary: −57 ± 8 %; Exercise Trained: −61 ± 9 %). Muscle contraction blunted (p<0.05) sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness in both sedentary and exercise trained rats and the magnitude of sympatholysis was not different (p>0.05) between sedentary (2Hz: 24 ± 8 %; 5Hz: 29 ± 10 %) and exercise‐trained (2Hz: 30 ± 10 %; 5Hz: 29 ± 13 %) rats. These data demonstrate that aerobic exercise training does not alter sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness or contraction mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction (sympatholysis) in female rats. Further investigation is required to determine why female rats respond differently to exercise training than male rats.Support or Funding InformationNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and Alberta Advanced Education and Technology.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Lower Extremity Resistance Training Enhances Balance Ability in Patients with Hemiparesis
Authors: Liu Huang‐Chun , Chen Chia‐Pei , Han Der‐Sheng , Wang Jong‐Shyan 
Published: June 2021

Balance ability is an important influencing factor of the quality of life in patients with hemiparesis. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of lower extremity resistance training (LERT) on the balance ability in patients with hemiparesis. Thirty‐five patients with hemiparesis participated, with a mean age of 54.3 ± 17.9 years. The participants received resistance training for 18 weeks, twice per week, using lower extremity pneumatic resistance machines. The results demonstrated that LERT significantly improved muscle strength (p < .01) and power (p < .01) in patients with hemiparesis. This training also caused a significant increase in Berg balance scale (BBS) score (p < .05). Moreover, BBS score positively correlated with lower extremity muscle strength in terms of leg press (r = .54, p = .007), knee extension (r = .56, p = .004), and knee curl (r = .49, p = .014), and with lower extremity muscle power in terms of leg press (r = .51, p = .002) and knee extension (r = .44, p = .009). No statistically significant difference was observed in knee curl following LERT. Therefore, we conclude that LERT improves the balance ability, which may be considered as routine training option for patients with hemiparesis.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Can Six‐Weeks of Whole‐Body Resistance Training Improve Endothelial Function in Older Adults?
Authors: O'Brien Myles William , Robinson Susan , Evans Kailey , Mekary Said , Kimmerly Derek 
Published: June 2021

Aerobic exercise training improves peripheral vascular function in older adults. However, it is unclear whether resistance training (RT) has similar benefits on vascular health in this population. Additionally, there is a paucity of research evaluating the influence of RT on vascular function in lower‐limb arteries, which are more susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis. Our aim was to determine if RT improves upper‐ and/or lower‐limb vascular endothelial function in older adults. We assessed vascular function in 8 older adults (2♂, 66±8 years, BMI, 26.3±3.6 kg/m2) before and after six‐weeks of whole‐body RT. The supervised RT program was conducted 3 days/week and consisted of 8 exercises working all major muscle groups for 2 sets of 10 repetitions. Vascular endothelial function was assessed using high‐resolution duplex ultrasonography via the flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) technique in both the brachial (BA) and popliteal arteries (PA). Nitroglycerin‐mediated dilation (NMD, 0.4 mg sublingual spray) was assessed in the PA as a measure of endothelial‐independent function. Muscular fitness was assessed via maximal grip strength and the 30‐second sit to stand test. Following the RT program, BA‐FMD increased (p=0.04) from 4.6±1.3% to 6.6±2.2% without a corresponding change (p>0.05) in PA‐FMD (2.2±1.7% to 2.8±1.8%). However, there was a large effect size determined for PA‐FMD (d=2.1) and the overall absolute PA‐FMD increased by 26% (0.156±0.140 mm to 0.204±0.150 mm; p>0.05). No differences were observed in resting BA and PA diameters, nor in PA‐NMD (all p>0.05). Following RT, no BMI or muscular fitness changes were observed (p>0.05). Short‐term whole‐body RT induces favorable outcomes in upper limb vascular function in older adults, without parallel improvements in the lower‐limb. This latter finding suggests that a longer RT intervention may be required to augment lower‐limb vascular health in older adults. Independent of changes in BMI or muscular strength, RT appears be an effective intervention for combating age‐associated declines in upper limb endothelial function, which in turn, may decrease their risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.Support or Funding InformationSupport provided by: Canadian Foundation for Innovation: Leaders Opportunity Fund, Faculty of Health Professions Research Development, and Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation Development/Innovation grants. SAR and MWO were recipients of a Nova Scotia Graduate Scholarship. MWO was awarded a Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation Scotia Scholar Award and a Heart & Stroke BrightRed Award.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
AFTER EFFECTS OF A SINGLE BOAT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE IN THE HEMODYNAMIC AND AUTONOMIC VARIABLES IN STAGE 3 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Rezende Rafael Andrade , Pinto Walter Pereira , Dalboni Maria Aparecida , Tinucci Tais 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased exponentially in recent years mostly due to hypertension and diabetes. Effective treatment of these diseases is important in slowing the progression of CKD. An important tool to improve blood pressure (BP) control is physical exercise. Physical training consistently decreases the BP of hypertensive individuals. In addition, it is known that physical training improves cardiac autonomic modulation efficiently. Acute physical exercise promotes post‐exercise hypotension (PEH) and improves cardiac autonomic modulation. Thus the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an acute session of aerobic exercise on blood pressure and on the autonomic cardiac modulation of stage 3 CKD patients.Methods16 volunteers, being 8 CKD, 53 ± 7 years; creatinine clearance 49 ± 9 ml/min; Systolic BP 127 ± 6 mmHg; Diastolic BP 79 ± 8 mmHg) and 8 controls (CON), 50 ± 7 years; Systolic BP: 112 ± 10 mmHg; Diastolic BP 75 ± 5 mmHg, performed 2 experimental sessions. An aerobic exercise session on cycle ergometer, 45 minutes at 50% VO2peak and a 45‐minute session at rest. The sessions were held at random. The auscultatory measurements of BP and heart rate (HR) measurements by palpation of the radial artery were performed before and after the interventions. Descriptive data analysis (mean and standard deviation), two‐factor ANOVA (group × moment), and calculation of the actual effect of exercise [(Δ exercise) − (Δ control)] were performed with P <0.05.ResultsExercise decreased systolic BP (CKD −13 ± 3 and CON −7 ± 2), diastolic BP (−9 ± 4 and 3 ± 1) and increased HR (3 ± 2 and 8 ± 8). In cardiac autonomic modulation there was no significant difference between the two groups.Discussion and ConclusionsPatients with CKD have a higher mean systolic BP decrease and a lower HR increase after an acute aerobic exercise session when compared with healthy subjects. No differences were observed in diastolic BP, mean BP and cardiac autonomic modulationThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
High intensity walking time is a key determinant to increase VO2peak after 5‐month interval walking training in middle‐aged and older people
Authors: Masuki Shizue , Morikawa Mayuko , Nose Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

Background and hypothesisIt has been suggested that a substantive proportion of participants in exercise training program showed no increase in peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) even after the same period of training as those who showed a significant increase in VO2peak. We examined the hypothesis that this would be caused by an inter‐individual variation in exercise intensity relative to individual VO2peak for training.MethodsMiddle‐aged and older men and women (n=696, aged 65±7(SD) years) participated in the study. They were instructed to perform interval walking training (IWT) to repeat ≥5 sets of fast and slow walking for 3 min each at ≥70% and 40% VO2peak for walking, respectively, per day ≥4 days/wk for 5 months, during which period exercise intensity and time were measured with a portable calorimeter every min and the measurements were transferred to a sever computer via the internet every 2 weeks.ResultsThe average fast, slow, and total walking time during IWT for 5 months were 87±65(SD), 99±87, and 186±126 min/week, respectively. After training, VO2peak increased by 2.9±3.9(SD) ml/kg/min on average. When we analyzed the relationship between the increase in VO2peak from the baseline and the fast, slow, and total walking time per week during IWT, respectively, we found that the increase in VO2peak was in proportion to the fast walking time in the range of 0 to 50 min/week (R2=0.92, P<0.001), but above the range, it reached the steady level of 3.6 ml/kg/min. In contrast, the increase in VO2peak after training was not significantly correlated with either slow (P=0.06) or total walking time (P=0.3) during IWT for 5 months.ConclusionHigh intensity walking time during IWT is a key determinant to increase VO2peak in middle‐aged and older people.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by a grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15H04680).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Amniotic membrane improves force production after repair of a massive rotator cuff tear
Authors: Kepple Jeffrey W. , Saad Maarouf , Claflin Dennis R. , Kovacevic David , Mendias Christopher L. 
Published: June 2021

Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of upper extremity disability, with nearly 250,000 surgical repairs performed annually. Chronically torn rotator cuff muscles display profound muscle atrophy, fibrosis and accumulation of fat in and around muscle fibers. Even after undergoing surgical repair, many patients continue to have persistent muscle atrophy, and re‐tear rates are 40% or more. Identifying novel therapies that can promote muscle regeneration after rotator cuff repair could lead to substantial improvements in our ability to treat chronic rotator cuff tears. Human amniotic‐derived grafts are a type of allograft that is thought to have the potential to improve tissue regeneration, although the mechanism of these products is not well characterized and to our knowledge has not been studied in respect to rotator cuff regeneration. Using a preclinical rotator cuff tear model in rats, our objective was to determine the efficacy of human amniotic derived grafts on rotator cuff muscle regeneration. To accomplish this, we induced a chronic rotator cuff tear for 30 days and then repaired the tear in the presence or absence of the human amniotic stem cell graft. We then analyzed the contractile function of muscle fibers from control and treated muscles. Muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA), maximum isometric force (Fo) and the force per cross‐sectional area, or specific force (sFo) were recorded from muscle fibers isolated from each of these groups. We hypothesized that treatment with human amniotic cell graft would improve sFo in rats compared to rats without these grafts. The CSA of the amniotic membrane repair group was 53% greater than the control repair group (p<0.01), and the Fo was also 55% higher with membrane supplementation (p<0.01). Further, sFo of the membrane repair group was 13% larger than the control repair (p=0.02). Combined, the augmentation of chronic rotator cuff repair surgery with a human amniotic derived graft in rats markedly improved muscle function. Based on this promising preclinical data, further study of human amniotic stem cell grafts in patients with chronic rotator cuff tears in warranted.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Skeletal Muscle Disuse Alters Exosome miRNA Predicted to Target Various Signaling Pathways Related to Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Van Pelt Douglas W. , Hunt Emily R. , Butterfield Timothy A. , Miller Benjamin F. , Hamilton Karyn L. , Dupont‐Versteegden Esther E. 
Published: June 2021

Skeletal muscle atrophy that occurs during disuse is linked to poor functional and metabolic health outcomes. Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are now appreciated as important components in the regulation of muscle growth and atrophy and can be carried through systemic circulation in exosomes to potentially mediate systemic adaptations. However, little is known about how atrophic conditions influence the miRNA content of exosomes. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in exosome miRNA in response to atrophic conditions. Adult (10 months old) Brown Norway/F344 male rats were subjected to either normal, weight‐bearing conditions (WB: n=7) or a 7‐day hindlimb suspension (HS: n=6) protocol that is known to induce significant skeletal muscle atrophy in select hindlimb muscles. Rats received deuterium oxide (D2O) over 10 days to label newly synthesized proteins for determination of fractional synthesis rate (FSR, %/day). Rat serum was collected and filtered through a 0.22μm filter for removal of larger extracellular vesicles. Exosomes were isolated using the ExoQuick™ Precipitation solution before isolation of the exosome miRNA. As expected, HS had lower myofibrillar skeletal muscle FSR compared with WB rats (0.72 ± 0.09%/day vs 1.64 ± 0.27%/day; p<0.05). MiRNA microarray analysis of exosome miRNA revealed 73 differentially expressed (p<0.05) miRNA between WB and HS conditions. The list of differentially expressed exosome miRNAs was uploaded to DIANA‐miRPath for pathway analysis and prediction of regulatory pathways potentially impacted by the altered exosome miRNAs during atrophy. Various pathways related to muscle protein homeostasis were significantly predicted (p<0.01) to be targeted by the differentially expressed exosome miRNA, including MAPK signaling, focal adhesion, Rap1 signaling, FOXO signaling, ubiquitin mediate proteolysis, TGF‐beta, and mTOR signaling. These data suggest that alterations in systemic exosome miRNA reflect changes in the major pathways dictating muscle atrophy during muscle disuse. In addition, selective packaging and release of exosomes containing miRNA important for regulation of muscle atrophy may be a major contributor to determining skeletal muscle homeostasis during muscle disuse.Support or Funding InformationNIH grants AT009268 and AG042699This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Identification and Characterization of F‐Box and Leucine‐Rich Repeat Protein 22 (Fbxl22) in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Driscoll Julia , Waddell David 
Published: June 2021

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a physiological condition that results in decreased muscle size and strength and occurs in response to immobilization, denervation, spinal cord injury and aging. In order to better characterize the molecular genetic events of neurogenic atrophy, the gastrocnemius muscle was isolated from mice following 3 days and 14 days of sciatic nerve denervation. The gene expression profile in the denervated muscle tissue was then analyzed by microarray and compared to control muscle tissue in order to identify novel neurogenic atrophy‐induced genes. The microarray data revealed that F‐Box and Leucine‐Rich Protein 22 (Fbxl22), which has previously been shown to act as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets sarcomeric proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome in cardiac muscle, is also expressed in skeletal muscle and is significantly induced in response to denervation. To confirm that Fbxl22 is expressed in muscle cells, we cloned a novel Fbxl22 intra‐exonic splice variant that codes for a 193 amino acid polypeptide. Additionally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to assess Fbxl22 expression levels in both proliferating and differentiated muscle cells and the results demonstrated that Fbxl22 expression levels are relatively low in proliferating myoblasts, but show significantly elevated expression in differentiated myotubes. In order to characterize the transcriptional regulation of Fbxl22, fragments of the proximal promoter located immediately upstream of the start of transcription were cloned and fused to a reporter gene. The reporter plasmids were then transfected into C2C12 mouse muscle cells in combination with myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) expression plasmids, which resulted in significant activation of reporter gene activity. Furthermore, conserved E‐box elements in the proximal promoter region of the Fbxl22 gene were identified, mutated, and analyzed for their role in the transcriptional regulation of Fbxl22 reporter gene activity. The mutation of the conserved E‐box sequences rendered the Fbxl22 reporter genes inactive, suggesting that these elements are potentially necessary for proper Fbxl22 expression in muscle tissue. The discovery that Fbxl22 is expressed in muscle combined with the observation that this gene, a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase, is induced in response to neurogenic atrophy helps further our understanding of the molecular genetic events of skeletal muscle wasting.Support or Funding InformationThe work was support by University of North Florida Transformational Learning Opportunity grants to D.W.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.