bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs after Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Ferrari Massimo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) requires a careful pharmacologic regimen during the postoperative period to reduce corneal haze and refractive myopic regression. Noncorticosteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs limit postablative corneal inflammation without the complications that may occur during corticosteroid treatment.
METHODS. Twenty consecutive eyes of 10 patients with attempted correction ranging from 4.00 to 9.00 D of myopia were studied. During the postoperative period, corticosteroid drops (dexamethosone 0.1%) were instilled in the first eye of each patient, and the second eye was treated with diclofenac sodium ophthalmic solution 0.1% (Voltaren). Follow-up was 12 months after surgery.
RESULTS. Corneal haze and refraction were studied. Six of the 10 eyes treated with noncorticosteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs did not show any significant difference in corneal haze and refractive evolution compared to the contralateral eyes treated with corticosteroids. Two eyes (20%) showed less corneal haze and more refractive stability than the contralateral eyes. In two eyes (20%), we observed similar corneal haze but more refractive regression than in the contralateral eyes.
CONCLUSIONS. Eyes treated with topical diclofenac sodium had a similar postoperative course as those treated with corticosteroids, but without the adverse effects of corticosteroids.
Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are represented by diclofenac (Voltaren), which has significant ocular penetration. This permits reduction of the possibility of general and ocular complications that frequently occur with corticosteroids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs vs. corticosteroidal eyedrops after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to reduce moderate and high myopia. [J Refract Corneal Sui-g. 1994; 10:S287-S289.]
A Surgical Technique for the Treatment of Central Corneal Perforations
Authors: Vrabec Michael P , Jordan Jeffrey J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Generally, corneal perforations of 2 mm in diameter or greater are treated using graft material for tectonic support. A surgical technique for the primary repair of such perforations without the use of any additional tissue is presented.
METHODS: This procedure is demonstrated by a case report. The technique involves creation of an elliptical defect out of a circular one, thus allowing for primary closure, with the addition of glue. A definitive penetrating keratoplasty was subsequently performed with several important modifications described herein.
RESULTS: A water-tight closure was obtained with this technique for 1 month while the inflammation subsided. Preoperative visual acuity was light perception. One year postoperatively, it was count fingers at 8 feet with mild irregular astigmatism.
CONCLUSION: This technique is useful for perforations which are central, larger than 2 mm in diameter, and when corneal or scleral material is not readily available for patch grafting. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:365-367.]
Accommodation of an Endocapsular Silicone Lens (Phaco-Ersatz) in the Aging Rhesus Monkey
Authors: Haefliger Eduard , Parel Jeah-Marie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: After accommodative changes of endocapsular silicone lenses in presenile nonhuman primates had been confirmed by several authors, this pilot study was designed to evaluate the ability of an artificial lens to restore accommodation in the senile eye of a rhesus monkey that had previously lost most of its accommodative capability.
METHODS: An injectable silicone lens was implanted in one eye of six rhesus monkeys who were older than 17 years. Accommodation was documented as the amount of decrease of anterior chamber depth after pilocarpine stimulation.
RESULTS: Four months after surgery, the decrease of anterior chamber depth was higher in the operated eye with the silicone intraocular lens in the two monkeys who had marked presbyopic changes in the natural lens. One monkey was kept for more than 4 years, retaining a decrease of at least 0.5 nun with the silicone lens, whereas the natural lens failed to show any accommodative change.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings support recent reports that presbyopia is primarily a consequence of lenticular aging rather than ciliary muscle factors. A pliable injected lens may therefore have the potential to restore accommodation in the senile primate eye. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:550555.]
RESUME
INTRODUCTION: Après confirmation des compte-rendus d'accommodation des lentilles intraoculaires injectables (LIO) faites en silicone, nous avons étudié la restoration du pouvoir accommodateur par un cristallin artificiel comme projetpilote chez le singe âgé.
METHODES: Six singes rhésus plus âgés de 17 ans ont subi l'injection d'une LIO en silicone. L'accommodation était identifiée comme la diminuation de la profondeur de la chambre antérieure après l'instillation de pilocarpine.
RESULTATS: Après 4 mois, la diminution de la profondeur de Ia chambre antérieure était plus importante sur l'oeil opéré que sur l'oeil témoin chez le singe presbyte. Chez le singe observé sur une période de 4 ans, la diminution de 0,5 mm restait, tandis que le cristallin naturel ne montrait pas de changement accomodatili
CONCLUSION: Nos résultats sont en accord avec les compte-rendus qui présentent la presbytie comme effet du viellissement du cristallin lui-même et non pas du muscle ciliaire. Une lentille injectée et pliable à injection servirait peut-être à restorer l'accommodation chez l'oeil du primate âgé. (Translated by Robert Mack, MD, Kansas City, Mo.)
SOMMARIO
PREMESSA: Le modifiche conseguenti ad un impianto endocapsulare di una lente al silicone in un occhio di un primate in etáavanzata, sono già state sottolineate da diversi autori; questo studio ha lo scopo di valutare la capacità di una lente artificíale di ristabilire l'accomodazione in un occhio senile di scimpanzé, che aveva precedentemente ridotto la maggior parte della sua capacità di accomodazione.
Cleaning of Ophthalmic Diamond Scalpels
Authors: Beran Robin F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To ensure optimal performance, it is imperative to properly maintain the condition of ophthalmic diamond scalpels. Refractive surgeons are often confronted with conflicting cleaning recommendations from manufacturers. The problem encountered is to maximize cleaning while minimizing trauma to the diamond to maintain its longevity.
METHODS: The author describes a flexible graded approach to cleaning and maintaining diamond scalpels. The principle of this approach was the development of four successive levels of cleaning based on an increasing risk of trauma to the diamond: Level I - irrigation with distilled water, Level II - hydrogen peroxide or enzyme cleaning, Level III - ultrasonic and detergent cleaning, and Level IV - mechanical styrofoam block cleaning. The protocol was performed prospectively on 50 consecutive radial keratotomy cases, inspecting the blade microscopically after each cleaning step, and determining the level at which cleanliness of the blade was achieved.
RESULTS: The effectiveness (clean/dirty) of each cleaning level was evaluated by the author and an experienced surgical assistant. The difficulty in accurately measuring the amount of debris and the force necessary to remove it, limited the judgments made to subjective observation. Only 2 of 50 blades were cleaned at Level I, while 41 of 48 at Level III, and 7 of 7 at Level IV.
CONCLUSIONS: A multi-leveled systematic process for cleaning maintenance appears most effective for maximal performance and longevity of diamond scalpels used for refractive keratotomy surgery. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:582-586.]
Cut Edges and Surface Characteristics Produced by Different Microkeratomes
Authors: Wilhelm Frank W , Giessmann Thomas , Hanschke Renate , Duncker Gernot I W , Wilhelm Lutz H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the cutting characteristics of seven different microkeratomes and to compare the cut edges and surface characteristics of the corneas with respect to different keratome parameters, ie, blade oscillation frequencies and keratome speed.
METHODS: Lamellar keratectomies were performed using each microkeratome on eight freshly enucleated porcine corneas. The freshly cut corneal bed was then examined using scanning electron microscopy. A scoring system was used to evaluate the serration of the cut edge and the regularity of the corneal wound bed.
RESULTS: Serrated cut edges were produced by the Microtech microkeratome, the Automatic Corneal Shaper, the Draeger rotor keratome, and the Schwind microkeratome. The other tested cutting devices generally yielded a smooth cut edge. Smooth and regular wound surfaces were obtained with the Schwind microkeratome, the Automatic Corneal Shaper, the Microtech microkeratome, and the MKM set. The specimens cut with the Schwind microkeratome showed particularly regular surface characteristics.
CONCLUSION: The relationship between keratome propulsion speed, blade oscillation frequency, and blade material appears crucial for the quality of the microkeratome cut. Our results favor a low advancement/Oscillation ratio among automated microkeratomes. [J Refract Surg 2000; 16: 690-700]
Comparison of Photorefractive Keratectomy and Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Myopia of -6 D or Less Using the Nidek EC-5000 Laser
Authors: Fernández Angel Pineda , Jaramillo Jorge M , Jaramillo Miguel M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We compared the efficacy, predictability, and safety of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the surgical correction of low and moderate myopia.
METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate uncorrected and spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and manifest refraction 1 year after PRK or LASIK. All procedures were done using an automatic microkeratome (Chiron Ophthalmic) and the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser.
RESULTS: PRK was performed in 75 eyes of 45 patients and LASIK in 133 eyes of 77 patients. Mean age for PRK patients was 32.8 years (range, 18 to 52 yr) and LASIK patients was 29.6 years (range, 18 to 49 yr). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction for PRK patients was -3.28 D (range, *1.00 to -6.00 D) and LASDI, -3.86 D (range, -1.00 to -6.00 D). One year after surgery, mean spherical equivalent refraction for Group 1 (baseline, -1.00 to -3.00 D) PRK eyes was -0.18 ± 0.61 D (range, -1.50 to +0.75 D) and for LASIK eyes, -0.08 ± 0.61 D (range, *1.50 to +1.62 D), with no statistically significant difference. For Group 2 eyes (baseline, -3.E5 to -6.00 D), mean spherical equivalent refraction for PRK eyes was -0.44 ± 0.87 D (range, -2.00 to +2.12 D) and for LASDI eyes, -0.09 ± 0.83 D (range, -1.50 to +1.75 D), with no statistically significant difference. The antilogarithm of the mean UCVA (antilogUCVA) in Group 1 for PRK was 0.79 ± 0.21 (20/25) and for LASDI was 0.87 ± 0.19 (20/23), with no statistically significant difference. The antilogUCVA in Group 2 for PRK eyes was 0.70 ± 0.24 (20/28) and for LASDI eyes was 0.83 ± 0.18 (20/24), with a statistically significant difference (0.7 vs. 0.83, P < .005). The percentage of eyes with a postoperative UCVA>20/40 in Group 1 for PRK was 91.5% (38 eyes) and for LASDI was 95% (50 eyes) (no statistically significant differenee), and in Group 2 for PRK eyes, it was 82% (27 eyes) and 97.5% (78 eyes) for LASDI (statistically significant difference, P < .05).
CONCLUSION: PRK and LASDI with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser are effective and safe for correcting low to moderate myopia, but LASDI eyes showed better results for moderate myopia in terms of uncorrected visual acuity. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:711-715]
Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis Induced by Trauma 6 Months After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Weisenthal Robert W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This case report illustrates an unusual presentation of diffuse lamellar keratitis triggered by a foreign body striking the eye 6 months after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The etiology of diffuse lamellar keratitis is unclear. The infiltrate within the plane of the flap after removal of the foreign body supports the theory that diffuse lamellar keratitis is an inflammatory reaction. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:749-751]
Effect of Capsular Tension Ring on Refractive Outcomes in Patients With Implantation of the Quadrifocal Acrysof PanOptix TFNT00 IOL
Authors: Kwon Hyunggoo , Choi Ayoung , Kim Boyun , Jeon Sohee 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the effect of a capsular tension ring (CTR) on refractive outcomes in eyes undergoing implantation of the quadrifocal Acrysof PanOptix TFNT00 intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories, Inc).

METHODS:
A retrospective case–control study was undertaken of 91 eyes implanted with the TFNT00 IOL. Of these 91 eyes, a CTR was implanted in 33 and these eyes were compared to the 58 eyes in which a CTR was not implanted. The main outcome measure was the mean absolute error (MAE) of the refractive prediction error. To evaluate the consistency of refractive outcomes, variance of MAE was measured. Using a swept-source optical coherence tomography device, postoperative aqueous depth (AQD) was measured to estimate the position of the IOL.

RESULTS:

Eyes with a CTR showed a significantly smaller MAE when compared with eyes without a CTR (
P
= .038 at 1 m,
P
= .003 at 2 m, and
P
= .001 at 6 m). There was a lower variance of MAE in the eyes implanted with a CTR, with higher precision of refraction (
P
= .058 at 1 m,
P
= .007 at 2 m, and
P
= .001 at 6 m). There was a significant difference in the percentage of the eyes showing more than 0.50 D from the estimated target of the Barrett Universal II formula (
P
= .007 at 1 m,
P
= .064 at 2 m, and
P
= .004 at 6 m, respectively). AQD was significantly shallower in eyes with a CTR than in eyes without a CTR (
P
= .006).

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of the CTR enhanced the accuracy of postoperative refractive outcomes after TFNT00 IOL implantation by preventing the posterior bowing of the optic–haptic junction.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(3):174–179.]
Comparison of Wavefront-Guided Femtosecond LASIK and Optimized SMILE for Correction of Moderate-to-High Astigmatism
Authors: Zhao Xinheng , Zhang Lin , Ma Jiaonan , Li Mengdi , Zhang Jiamei , Zhao Xing , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To compare refractive outcomes, higher order aberrations (HOAs), and the changes in contrast sensitivity after wavefront-guided femtosecond laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis (WFG LASIK) and optimized small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for moderate-to-high astigmatism correction.

METHODS:
This prospective, randomized study included 87 eyes: 40 eyes in the WFG LASIK group and 47 eyes in the SMILE group. Manual cyclotorsion compensation by marking the horizontal axis before SMILE surgery was used for optimized SMILE. Refractive diopter, aberrations, and contrast sensitivity were assessed 3 months postoperatively. The Alpins vector analysis method was used to analyze the astigmatic changes after surgery.

RESULTS:

There were no significant differences in the corrected distance visual acuity and refraction between the two groups after surgery. The fitted curve of surgically induced astigmatism versus target induced astigmatism was described as y = 0.9905 x + 0.0009 in the WFG LASIK group and y = 0.9672 x + 0.0026 in the SMILE group. The percentage of corneal astigmatism axis change within 5 degrees was statistically significant (chi-square test: 10.632,
P
= .001). HOAs increased in both the WFG LASIK and SMILE groups after surgery (
t
= −3.655,
P
= .001,
t
= −3.784,
P
= .001, respectively). However, comparison of the changes of HOAs between both groups was not significant (
t
= −0.565,
P
= .575). The improvement in contrast sensitivity in the WFG LASIK group was significantly higher than that in the SMILE group.

CONCLUSIONS:
WFG LASIK and optimized SMILE can achieve similar outcomes for astigmatism correction. Optimized SMILE with marking could achieve good astigmatism correction, even without an eye tracking system.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(3):166–173.]
Carbon Dioxide Laser in Ophthalmic Plastic and Orbital Surgery
Authors: Wesley Ralph E , Bond J Brent 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The CO2 laser cuts tissue by flash boiling extracellular or intracellular water molecules in contact with the beam. This vaporization sterilizes the tissue and seals capillaries. The CO2 laser seems most useful in ophthalmology to vaporize lymphangiomas and capillary hemangiomas and to provide hemostasis in patients with bleeding disorders. The cutting beam of the CO2 laser can be attached to the operating microscope to facilitate surgery deep within the orbit. The effectiveness of the CO2 cutting action depends upon water content of the tissue rather than tissue color as with argon and krypton lasers. Skin incisions show less scarring when made with conventional scalpel, but more precise surface cutting lasers may allow more precise microsurgical excision of eyelid tumors than can now be accomplished with a scalpel.
Silicone Intubation for Lacerated Lacrimal Canaliculi
Authors: Dortzbach Richard K , Angrist Richard A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-two cases of lacerated canaliculi were repaired with the use of silicone tube stents. Of the 18 patients having early repair, 17 (94%) had a good result and one (6%) fair. The four patients with late repair yielded three (75%) with a poor result and one (25%) fair. Primary repair of lacerated canaliculi by this method has a good prognosis. Secondary repair is more difficult, and the outcome is likely to be poor.
Potential Hazards of Blepharopigmentation
Authors: Kreter James K , Sall Kenneth N , Keates Richard H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Blepharopigmentation, or deposition of various colored particles near the lash line in a linear fashion, is becoming an increasingly popular form of cosmetic periocular surgery. This technique was employed on human cadaver globes and New Zealand white rabbits to evaluate several potential hazards to the globe. The lesions were noted and examined by histopathology.
Modified Kinosian Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Review of 122 Cases
Authors: Burns John A , Cahill Kenneth V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A consecutive series of 122 dacryocystorhinostomies is reviewed, and a surgical technique which preserves the anterior lacrimal crest and eliminates the need to create mucosal flaps is described.
The success rate of this simplified technique is 89%. The success rate rises to 94% following secondary revisions. This is comparable to more complicated procedures. Canalicular and common punctal stenosis are not found to be contraindications to dacryocystorhinostomy for obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct but do lower the success rate. Eighty-one percent of patients with concomitant canalicular disease and nasolacrimal duct obstruction were cured by dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone intubation. A success rate of 98% was achieved in patients without preoperative canalicular disease.
Silicone Oil Injection in Aphakic Eyes: A Modified Technique
Authors: deCorral Luis R , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To fill the vitreous cavity completely with silicone oil has been difficult in aphakic eyes. This procedure has been simplified with the use of an air pump system combined with a 30-gauge needle to tap the anterior chamber. In this manner, the silicone oil bubble reaches the pupillary margin and does not flow out of the sclerotomy sites.
Results of a Double Running Suture in Penetrating Keratoplasty Performed on Keratoconus Patients
Authors: Young Steven R , Olson Randall J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Parallel running 10-0 and 11-0 nylon sutures were used in 76 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties on patients with keratoconus. Removal of the 10-0 suture at eight to 12 weeks allowed for early visual rehabilitation postoperatively. The use of various trephine sizes and the use of a bridle suture versus a scleral ring were evaluated by several visual parameters. The incidence of complications with the double running suture was not greater than that obtained with other suture techniques.
The Place of Sodium Hyaluronate in Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Wilson Richard P , Lloyd Janet 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The advantages of sodium hyaluronate (Healon™) in filtering surgery have been mostly theoretical, with no study of sufficient numbers to justify its use. The authors used sodium hyaluronate in 119 consecutive trabeculectomies. These were compared to a control group of 122 cases. The long-term intraocular pressure and visual acuity results between the two groups were indistinguishable. The only definite benefit noted with the use of sodium hyaluronate was the lower incidence of hyphemas. No side-effects were seen. Its ability to maintain a deep anterior chamber and encourage hemostasis makes sodium hyaluronate useful in teaching goniotomies as well as performing trabeculectomies in congenital glaucoma. Sodium hyaluronate can also be used to evacuate hyphemas and dissect adhesions with minimal trauma, and may be healthier for the corneal endothelium than air in anterior chamber reformations.
Computerized Tomographic Demonstration of Intraorbital Bone Fragments Caused by Penetrating Trauma
Authors: Avrahami Elieser , Sperber Fani , MD Dan F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three patients with fragments of bones lodged in the orbit from apparently non-penetrating trauma, associated with cranio-cerebral injury, are reported. In all three cases the initial symptoms and signs of intraorbital or retrobulbar injury were minimal. The bone fragments were not demonstrable on plain x-ray films of the skull but were clearly shown on computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the orbit. They could easily have been overlooked had reliance been placed on plain x-ray films alone. In patients with suspected non-penetrating orbital trauma, axial and coronal CT views of the orbit are recommended.
A New Type of Irrigating Cannula for Lens Nucleus Delivery by Extracapsular Extraction
Authors: Nishi Okihiro 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Simple expression is the conventional nucleus delivery method; however, the high tension exerted on the posterior capsule and zonules during this procedure poses a risk of rupturing these structures. This report describes a new type of irrigating cannula for lens nucleus delivery. It consists of a 20-gauge needle and a flat insertion plate with a flow outlet. The apex, with the flow outlet, is inserted beneath the nucleus during continuous irrigation; the nucleus is thus expelled by the irrigating solution.
Differences Between Men and Women as Related to Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Richards Scott C , Olson Randall J , Brodstein David E , Richards Winn L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We examined 291 cases of IOL implantation in order to evaluate différences between males and females for several factors. We found that women have shorter axial lengths, older age at time of surgery, greater preoperative corneal curvature, higher power of IOL implanted, more surgically induced astigmatism, and a higher rate of complications. Insignificant differences between the two groups included pre- and postoperative refraction, preoperative astigmatism, visual acuity, type of IOL implanted, corneal thickness, endothellal cell count, and percent of patients requiring discissione.
Trapezoidal Relaxing Incision for Post Keratoplasty Astigmatism
Authors: Maxwell W Andrew , Nordan Lee T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Eleven patients with high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty underwent a new form of relaxing keratotomy, the trapezoidal relaxing keratotomy, originally described by Ruiz. The average preoperative astigmatism was 7.89 diopters (range 4.25 to 12.50 diopters) with an average reduction in cylinder of 5.00 diopters (range 0-9.5 diopters). No complications were experienced.