bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Serum Levels of Herpes Virus Entry Mediator and IL-5 in Cough Variant Asthma Versus Classic Asthma Patients
Authors: Yao Can , Yang Zhong , Chen Dandan , Fang Wei , Zhang Yu , Li Binbin , Li Sinian , Chen Rongchang , Shi Fei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Cough variant asthma (CVA) is a special phenotype of asthma. We aimed to elucidate the differential inflammatory features in patients with CVA in contrast to patients with classic asthma (CA).
Methods

A total of 68 patients with persistent uncontrolled asthma (34 with CVA, 34 with CA) were enrolled. We collected the demographic data, pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters, hematological variables, and several serum biomarkers. The independent-samples t test was used for analyzing measurement data, and Chi-square test was for count data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the possibility of different phenotypes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the values of biomarkers for distinguishing between CVA and CA. Linear correlation analysis was performed to assess the linear relationship between two variables.
Results

Compared with CA group, CVA group had a higher percentage of females, lower proportion of asthma family history, shorter disease course, and better pulmonary function (P all < 0.05). Increased levels of blood eosinophil count (P = 0.045), eosinophil percentage (P = 0.046), serum IL-5 (P = 0.011), and serum herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) (P = 0.002) were also found in CVA patients compared to those in CA patients compared to those in CA patients. The logistic analysis revealed that serum HVEM had a strong predictive power for CVA group (OR = 1.105, P = 0.015). The sensitivities and specificity of serum HVEM and IL-5 to distinguish between CVA and CA at optimal cut-offs were 85.0% and 61.1%; 85.0% and 61.1%, respectively. Area under the curves (AUCs) of serum HVEM and IL-5 were 0.789 and 0.739, respectively. Furthermore, serum HVEM and IL-5 had no correlation with PFT parameters in CVA group (P all > 0.05).
Conclusions

Elevated serum levels of HVEM and IL-5 are exhibited in CVA patients, which may indicate their important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of CVA.
Combination of Shengji ointment and bromelain in the treatment of exposed tendons in diabetic foot ulcers: Study protocol for a non-blind, randomized, positive control clinical trial
Authors: zhao yang , gao rui , Dai Xinyue , Sun Xu , Zhang Zhaohui , Gao Hongyang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background : Diabetic foot ulcers often affect tendon tissue. Consequently, the infection may spread proximally along the tendon, leading to amputation or even the death of patients. Exposed, degenerated, and necrotic tendons are key factors affecting the healing of diabetic foot ulcers. The effective treatment of the tendon involvement may positively affect the prognosis. In clinical practice, treatment with Shengji ointment and bromelain induces islands of granulation tissue on the denatured tendon surface, which gradually grows and merges. Ideally, the exposed tendon is covered entirely by granulation tissue. This trial aims to assess the effect of a combined treatment regime of Shengji ointment, which has been shown to regenerate muscle tissue and pineapple protease in preventing the loss of function and amputation caused by tendon necrosis. This trial will provide high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of this combination in healing diabetic ulcers with tendon necrosis. Methods: The sample size will be 180 patients who will be randomly assigned 1:1 to a treatment group (90 patients) using Shengji ointment combined with bromelain and a control group (90 patients) using hydrocolloid dressing. Both groups will continue their conventional treatments, such as blood glucose and blood pressure medication, lipid regulation, antiplatelets, and others. The primary outcome will be the wound coverage with granulation tissue. Secondary outcomes will be the wound healing rate, amputation extent (where needed), time to granulation, and the Maryland Foot Score. Other efficacy outcomes will be the time to debridement of necrotic tendon tissue and granulation tissue score. Discussion: This study will treat patients with diabetic foot ulcers with exposed, degenerated, and necrotic tendons with Shengji ointment and bromelain. The trial aims to promote regeneration and healing, to preserve the limb and its function, and to develop a comprehensive and effective protocol that can be applied to promote the healing of exposed tendons in diabetic foot wounds. Trial registration: ChiCTR2000039327; date of registration: 2020-10-23. http://www.chictr.org.cn/com/25/showproj.aspx?proj=62692
Analog/RF Performance of Triple Material Gate Stack-Graded Channel Double Gate-Junctionless Strained-Silicon MOSFET with Fixed Charges
Authors: Suddapalli Subba Rao , Joseph Rani Deepika Balavendran , Chintala Vijaya Durga , Saramekala Gopi Krishna , D Srikar , Nistala Bheema Rao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, analog/radio frequency (RF) electrical characteristics of triple material gate stackgraded channel double gate-Junctionless (TMGS-GCDGJL) strained-Si (s-Si) MOSFET with fixed charge density is analyzed with the help of Sentaurus TCAD. By varying the various device parameters, the analog/RF performance of the proposed TMGS-GCDG-JL s-Si MOSFET is evaluated in terms of transconductance-generationfactor (TGF), early voltage, voltage gain, unity-powergain frequency ( f max ), unity-current-gain frequency ( f t ), and gain-transconductance frequency product (GTFP). The results confirm that the proposed TMGS-GCDGJL s-Si MOSFET has superior analog/RF performance compared to gate stack-graded channel double gatejunctionless (GS-GCDG-JL) s-Si device. However, the proposed MOSFET has less transconductance and less output conductance when compared with the GS-GCDGJL s-Si device in above threshold region, and reverse trend follows in sub-threshold region.
The Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Chinese Male Pediatric Patients with Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Wang Yi , Qin Miao , Fan Lijun , Zhang Beibei , Gong Chunxiu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose：Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) are invided into Kallmann Syndrome (KS) and normosmic HH(nHH). The clinical and genetic characteristics of CHH are more studied in adults, but less in pre-adults. Methods: Medical records of 126 patients with CHH at our hospital during 2008−2020 were evaluated. Results: Totally, seven patients (5.6%) had hypospadias. Among 49 patients with positive family history, delayed puberty, KS/nHH and olfactory abnormalities accounted for 44.9%, 16.3%, and 12.2%, respectively. Sixty-five patients completed the hCG prolongation test, and T levels of 24 patients were lower than 100 ng/dl. 25 CHH-related genes were found in 78 patients, digenic mutations in 23 patients, and trigenic mutations in 3 patients. The most common pathogenic genes were FGFR1 (21.1%), PROKR2 (17.9%), ANOS1 (12.6%) and CHD7 (12.6%). The oligogenicity rate of common autosomal dominant heredity genes accounted for 50.0% (FGFR1, 10/20) and 33.3% (CHD7, 4/12), of autosomal recessive heredity gene PROKR2 accounted for 47.1% (8/17). And W178S accounted for 58.8% of all mutations in PROKRR2.Conclusion: Micropenis and cryptorchidism are important cues for CHH in pre-adulthood; hypospadias is a rare phenotype of CHH. At least 22.9% of patients tested had testicular Leydig cell dysfunction (dual CHH). Oligogenic mutations were found in 27.4% of all patients with CHH. W178S in PROKRR2 maybe a founder mutation in Chinese CHH crowds.
Role of Purged Air On Synthesis of Mesoporous NiO/C Composite And Its Application On Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Ramalingam Saravanakumar , Karpagasundaram Muthukumaran , Chandrasekaran Sivasankari , Narayanan Sathiyapriya , Sakthipandi Kathiresan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two different methods were employed to synthesis NiO/C composite from agricultural waste. The mesoporous composite was successfully synthesized via a novel precipitation method in the presence of dissolved gases. The morphology of the composites were differentiated by characterisation techniques such asx-ray Diffraction (XRD), the point of zero charge (pHpzc), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Then, the mechanism of synthesis was elucidated using the above experimental characterisation data. FESEM and EDAX report of Ni(OH)2-carbon composite clearly showed the role of dissolved gases on synthesis. Both the composites were subjected as the adsorbent to eliminate/remove the toxic Pb(II) ions from the wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to compare the Pb(II) ions removal capability of both the composite materials. The parameters such as the effect of pH, the dosage of the adsorbents and initial concentration were studied. At the optimized conditions, isotherm studies for each of the adsorbents were also carried out. The isotherm results revealed that the maximum removal capacity qe (mg/g) was 30.78 for PJNC and 43.48 for PJGNC. The VSM analysis confirmed that both the adsorbents were soft magnetic materials. Hence, they could be competently separated from salted/treated water using the magnetic field.
Multi-omics Analysis of the Symbiotic Green Algae, Chlorella Variabilis, Revealing the Genetic Basis of the Obligate Endosymbiotic Lifestyle
Authors: Minei Ryuhei , Hoshina Ryo , Higuchi Rina , Chen Lin , Akizuki Yuki , Terabayashi Yasunobu , Kira Satoshi , Kitagawa Masanari , Suzaki Toshinobu , Ogura Atsushi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Photosynthetic eukaryotes have evolved through the acquisition of plastids by secondary endosymbiosis, a process that requires several steps. Immediately before plastid acquisition, the genome of the symbiont is known to be dramatically reduced, but few studies have focused on the genomic changes in the symbiont at the early stages of secondary endosymbiosis. Methods: To investigate the genetic basis of the transition from facultative to obligate endosymbiosis, we compared the genomes of Chlorella variabilis, a representative symbiotic alga, with that of Paramecium bursaria, to compare closely related free-living species and transcriptomes between organisms in symbiotic and non-symbiotic conditions. Results: We found that the non-reduced genome of C. variabilis and its genes play a crucial role in endosymbiosis, being involved in cell wall biogenesis and degradation, and metabolic exchanges with the host. Our results suggest that the genetic mechanism underlying the enhancement of photosynthesis under symbiosis is the increasing light absorption efficiency and carbon fixation capacity of the endosymbiont, resulting in an increase in the supply of maltose to P. bursaria.
The Oncogenic Role of AXIN1 In Human Tumors: A Pan-Cancer Analysis of AXIN1.
Authors: Wang Jinzhou , Shi Xiangjun , Yao Xingchen , Xu Ziyu , Du Xinru 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Although emerging cell- or animal-based evidence supports the correlation between AXIN1(Axis inhibition protein 1) and cancers，no pan-cancer analysis is accessible. Method: We thus investigate the possible oncogenic characters of AXIN1 by 33 tumor types based on the datasets of TCGA (The cancer genome atlas) and GEO (Gene expression omnibus). Result: AXIN1 has a high expression in lots of tumors, and obvious relevance between AXIN1 expression and prognosis of cancer patients, such as LICH (Liver hepatocellular carcinoma) and breast cancer. We observed an increase phosphorylation level of S486/S493 in breast cancer and UCEC (Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma). AXIN1 expression shows a correlation with T cell regulatory in several cancers such as LIHC and LUAD (Lung adenocarcinoma). Furthermore, enrichment exist between Wnt signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway and pathways in cancer and the functional mechanisms of AXIN1.Conclusions: Our first pan-cancer study provides a relatively complete interpretation of oncogenic characters of AXIN1 though different tumors.
Hidden Markov Trust for Attenuation of Selfish and Malicious Nodes in the IoT Network
Authors: Joshi Gamini , Sharma Vidushi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The exposure of IoT nodes to the internet makes them vulnerable to malicious attacks and failures. These failures affect the survivability, integrity, and connectivity of the network. Thus the detection and elimination of attacks in a timely manner become an important factor to maintain the network connectivity. Trust-based techniques are used in understanding the behavior of nodes in the network. Several researchers have proposed conventional trust models that are power-hungry and demand large storage space. Succeeding this Hidden Markov Models have also been developed to calculate trust but the survivability of network achieved from them is low. To improve the survivability selfish and malicious nodes present in the network are required to be treated separately. Hence, an improved Hidden Markov Trust (HMT) Model is developed in this paper which accurately detects the selfish and malicious nodes that illegally intercept the network. An algorithm is generalized for learning the behavior of nodes using the HMT model with the expected output. The evaluated node’s likelihood functions differentiate the selfish node from the malicious node and provide independent timely treatment to both types of nodes. Further, comparative analysis for attacks such as black-hole, grey-hole, and sink-hole has been done and performance parameters have been extended to survivability-rate, power-consumption, delay, and false-alarm-rate, for different networks sizes and vulnerability. Simulation result provides a 10% higher PDR, 29% lower overhead, and 15% higher detection rate when compared to FUCEM, FTCSPM, and OADM trust models presented in the literature.
Performance Analysis of Linear Precoding in Downlink Based on Polynomial Expansion on massive MIMO systems
Authors: THURPATI SAMMAIAH , Muthuchidambaranathan P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The performance of linear precoding schemes in downlink Massive MIMO systems is dealt with in this paper. Linear precoding schemes are incorporated with zero forcing (ZF) and maximum ratio transmission (MRT), truncated polynomial expansion (TPE), regularized zero force (RZF) in Downlink massive MIMO systems. Massive MIMO downlink output is evaluated with linear precoding included. This paper expresses the performance of achievable sum rate linear precoding with variable signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and achievable sum rate and several transmitter-receiver antennas, such as imperfect CSI, less complex processing and inter-user interference. The transmitter has complete state information on the channel. The information narrate how a signal propagates to the receiver from the transmitter and reflects, for example, the cumulative effect of distance scattering, fading, and power decay. They show that the performance analysis of two linear precoding techniques,i.e.Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) and Zero Forcing (ZF) for downlink mMIMO output network over a perfect chain. The results show the improved ZF precoding achievable sum rate compared to the MRT precoding schemes and also compared the average achievable rate RZF and TPE.
Hybrid TDR-MI Based Wireless Sensor Network for Underground Water Pipeline Leakage Detection and Localization Using Pressure Residuals and Classifiers.
Authors: Vankdothu Ramdas , Bhukya Hanumanthu , Bhukya Raghu Ram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The pipeline leakage detection and leak localization trouble is a highly demanding and dangerous issue. Underground pipelines are a critical mode of transporting enormous fluid volumes (e.g., water) across extended distances. Solving this problem will save the country much money and resources, but it will also protect the environment. On the other hand, present leak detection technologies are insufficient for monitoring underground pipelines due to the extreme subterranean environmental conditions. This study proposes a hybrid wireless sensor network based on TDR (time domain reflectometry) and magnetic induction for monitoring underground pipelines to solve these problems. In this scenario, TDR is deployed beneath an MI-based wireless sensor network. TDR precisely locates the leak and dramatically decreases the amount of time required for inspection. We offer a wireless sensor network based on MI technology for low-cost, real-time leak detection in subsurface pipes. MISE-PIPE identifies leaks by integrating data from a range of different types of sensors installed within and around underground pipelines. Ad-hoc WSNs are used to measure pressure. (WDNs) is a hot topic that has piqued researchers' interest in recent years. Time and accuracy are critical components of leak localization, as they substantially impact the human population and economy. Statistical classifiers acting in the residual space are offered as a general method for leak localization. Classifiers are trained on leak data from all network nodes, taking demand uncertainty, sensor preservative noise, and leak magnitude on the account. Following leak identification and localization, all monitoring data is forwarded to the CH using the K-means clustering method, which serves two critical functions: optimal clustering and prolonging the Network Lifetime (NL) and preserving the QoS. The clustering method is optimized using the K-Means approach .
Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection using Referential Quality Metrics and Minutiae Count
Authors: Verma Akhilesh , Gupta Anshadha , Akbar Mohammad , Yadav Arun Kumar , Yadav Divakar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The fingerprint presentation attack is still a major challenge in biometric systems due to its increased applications worldwide. In the past, researchers used Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection (FPAD) for user authentication, but it suffers from reliable authentication due to less focus on reducing the ‘error rate’. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm, based on referential image quality (RIQ)-metrics and minutiae count using neural network, k-NN and SVM for FPAD. We evaluate and validate the error rate reduction with different machine learning models on the public domain, such as LivDet crossmatch dataset2015 and achieved an accuracy of 88% with a neural network, 88.6% with k-NN and 88.8% using SVM. In addition, the average classification error (ACE) score is 0.1197 for ANN, 0.1138 for k-NN and 0.1117 for SVM. Thus, the results obtained show that it was achieved a reasonable accuracy with a low ACE score with respect to other state-of-the-art methods.
Rank Change and Growth Within Social Hierarchies of the Orange Clownfish, Amphiprion Percula
Authors: Fitzgerald Lucy M , Harrison Hugo B , Coker Darren J. , Saenz-Agudelo Pablo , Sriniva Maya , Majoris John E. , Einarsson Lisa Boström , Pujol Benoit , Bennett-Smith Morgan , Thorrold Simon R. , Planes Serge , Jones Geoffrey P. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Social hierarchies within groups define the distribution of resources and provide benefits that support the collective group or favor dominant members. The progression of individuals through social hierarchies is a valuable characteristic for quantifying population dynamics. On coral reefs, a number of small site-attached fish maintain size-based hierarchical communities where individuals queue through social ranks. The cost of waiting in a lower-ranked position is outweighed by the reduced risk of eviction and mortality. Clownfish exist in stable social groups with subordinate individuals queuing to be part of the dominant breeding pair. Site attachment to their host anemone, complex social interactions, and relatively low predation rates make them ideal model organisms to assess changes in group dynamics through time in their natural environment. Here, we investigate the rank changes, and isometric growth rates of individual orange clownfish, Amphiprion percula, from 247 naturally occurring social groups in Kimbe Island, Papua New Guinea (5°12’13.54” S, 150°22’32.69” E). We use DNA profiling to assign and track individuals over an eight-year time period in 2011 and 2019. Over half of the individuals survived alongside two or three members of their original social group, with twelve breeding pairs persisting over the study period. Half of the surviving individuals increased in rank and experienced double the growth rate of those that maintained their rank. Examining rank change over a long-term period in a wild fish population gives new insights and highlights the complexity and importance of rank and social hierarchy in communal site-attached reef fish.Subject Area: behavior, ecology, evolution
Risk Models Based On Populations In High-Risk Areas of Oesophageal Cancer In China For Improving The Oesophageal Cancer Diagnosis Rate
Authors: Yang Guodong , Yu Xiaogang , Long Xiaoqi , Zhang Xiaoming , Du Weiwei , Wang Yingbang , Wu Linyi , Mu Zhao , Chen Yuling , Li Zhen , Zhang Xiaoying , Pu Ke 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: To improve the diagnostic efficiency of early oesophageal cancer, it is of great significance to develop an effective risk prediction model. This study aimed to identify a high-risk population with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) based on a population screening model.Methods: From 120 target townships randomly selected from 150 villages selected in Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China, from Jan 2016 to Sep 2019, a total of 6409 subjects were screened. Each patient underwent standard endoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI) and iodine staining indicator biopsies to evaluate oesophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. Before endoscopy, the subjects completed a questionnaire about ESCC risk factors. Variables were evaluated by univariate analysis, and variables significantly related to ESCC were extracted by using a logistic regression model. We used the Akaike information criterion to develop the final model structure and the coding form of variables with multiple metrics. We developed two sets of models to define severe dysplasia and above (SDA) and moderate dysplasia and above (MDA) as prognostic events, respectively. Results: The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were0.896 (95%CI, 0.888-0.903) and 0.825 (95% CI, 0.816-0.835) for our SDA and MDA models, respectively. MDA-related and SDA-related factors included age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, pharyngeal foreign body sensation, swallowing obstruction, pain behind the sternum, and discomfort behind the breastbone.Conclusions: we developed an easy-to-use model to identify individuals with high risk of dysplasia or oesophageal cancer in high-risk areas of oesophageal cancer in China.