bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A frequency‐domain approach for damage detection in welded structures
Authors: Ronchei Camilla , Vantadori Sabrina , Carpinteri Andrea , Iturrioz Ignacio , Rodrigues Roberto Issopo , Scorza Daniela , Zanichelli Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe goal of the present paper is to apply a multiaxial fatigue criterion, formulated in frequency‐domain, to welded components. In particular, the proposed procedure requires (i) to evaluate the stress field at the so‐called hotspot and (ii) to compute the fatigue damage. A case study, represented by fillet‐welded tubular T‐joints under random loading, is examined to assess the validity of the above procedure in estimating the crack nucleation position. Finally, the above theoretical results are also compared with those derived by means of a similar procedure, which has recently been proposed by some of the present authors, but formulated in time‐domain.
Regional disparity in extinction risk: Comparison of disjunct plant genera between eastern Asia and eastern North America
Authors: Song Houjuan , Ordonez Alejandro , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Qian Hong , Yin Xue , Mao Lingfeng , Deng Tao , Zhang Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClimate and land cover changes are increasing threats to biodiversity globally. However, potentially varying biotic sensitivity is a major source of uncertainty for translating environmental changes to extinction risks. To reduce this uncertainty, we assessed how extinction risks will be affected by future human‐driven environmental changes, focusing on 554 species from 52 disjunct plant genera between eastern Asia (EAS) and eastern North America (ENA) to control for differences in environmental sensitivity at the genus level. Species distribution models were used to estimate and compare the vulnerability of species in disjunct genera between the two regions under two climate and land cover change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) in the 2070s, allowing to assess the effects of differences in climate and land cover pressures. Compared with ENA, stronger pressures from climate and land cover changes along with smaller range sizes in EAS translate into a larger number and proportion of species in disjunct genera becoming threatened by the 2070s. These regional differences are more pronounced under a best‐case climate scenario (RCP2.6), illustrating that strong climate change (RCP8.5) may override any regional buffer capacities. The main variables determining extinction risks differed between the two continental regions, with annual temperature range and cropland expansion being important in EAS, and annual precipitation being important in ENA. These results suggest that disparities in regional exposure to anthropogenic environmental changes may cause congeneric species with relatively similar sensitivity to have different future risks of extinction. Moreover, the findings highlight the context‐specific nature of anthropogenic effects on biodiversity and the importance of making region‐specific policies for conservation and restoration in response to the intensifying global changes.
Integrated sustainable process for polyhydroxyalkanoates production from lignocellulosic waste by purple phototrophic bacteria
Authors: Allegue Luis D. , Ventura María , Melero Juan A. , Puyol Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) showed an enormous potential for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production using the hydrolysate from lignocellulosic waste as feedstock. Thermal hydrolysis pretreatment was carried out at three different temperatures (120, 150, and 180°C) aiming to improve the biodegradability of the lignocellulosic waste. After this pretreatment, two streams are collected: a solid and a liquid fraction. The anaerobic digestion process of the pretreated solid fraction at 180°C increased its biodegradability extent by 31% compared to the untreated biomass, yielding 210 ± 10 L CH4 kg−1 VS even when the liquid fraction was removed. On the photoheterotrophic of the liquid fraction, PPB were able to remove up to 55% of COD during batch operation, showing peaks of PHA production yield up to 21 wt.%. The treatment of the liquid fraction obtained at high temperatures (T ˃ 120°C) reduces biomass growth and COD consumption efficiency, and thus potential productivity, with no effect over the specific activity and the biomass yield, indicating growth limitation by lack of nutrients (N and P). A preliminary economical assessment indicates suitable economic viability based on an energetic autarchy process. This study pioneered a PPB‐based biorefinery for PHA production from lignocellulosic residues and aligned within the bioeconomy strategy of the European Union.
Medical consumerism in the UK, from ‘citizen’s challenge’ to the ‘managed consumer’—A symbol without meaning?
Authors: Iliffe Steve , Manthorpe Jill 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Britain's National Health Service (NHS), medical consumerism is disliked by many doctors but managed by NHS leaders. Managed consumers have choices about treatment options, but are expected to help contain costs, improve quality of care, take part in clinical research and advocacy, and increase productivity. There are so many meanings for medical consumerism that it can be categorized, in post‐structuralist terms, as a ‘symbol without meaning’, but meanings are plentiful in the NHS.Policy expectationsChoices made by discriminating consumers were expected to improve the quality of medical care for all. Extending choice to the many, and not restricting options to the few, would allow gains from choices to accumulate, so that choice would sustain social solidarity. Managed consumerism would in theory, therefore, instil reasonable choices and responsible behaviours in a moralized citizenry, across the nation. The advocates of New Labour's espousal of medical consumerism expected the accumulative effects of customer choices to challenge professional and occupational power, erode the medical model of health and illness, constrain professional judgements, and open the NHS to new ways of working. Almost all their expectations have been thwarted, so far.ConclusionsManaged consumerism is far from being a meaningless symbol. This discussion paper explores the territory of managed consumerism and suggests realistic ways to make it more effective in shaping the NHS.Patient & Public ContributionWe developed the arguments in this discussion paper with insights provided by a lay expert (see Acknowledgements) with experience of consumerism in both public sector management and a disease‐related charity.
Virological response and resistance profile in highly treatment‐experienced HIV‐1‐infected patients switching to dolutegravir plus boosted darunavir in clinical practice
Authors: Armenia Daniele , Bouba Yagai , Gagliardini Roberta , Fabeni Lavinia , Borghi Vanni , Berno Giulia , Vergori Alessandra , Cicalini Stefania , Mussini Cristina , Antinori Andrea , Ceccherini‐Silberstein Francesca , Perno Carlo Federico , Santoro Maria Mercedes 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesWe evaluated the virological response and resistance profile in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)‐experienced HIV‐1‐infected patients starting a dual therapy with dolutegravir (DTG) and boosted darunavir (bDRV) for the first time.MethodsSurvival analyses were used to evaluate virological success (VS) and virological rebound (VR) in viraemic and virologically suppressed patients, respectively. Major resistance mutations (MRMs) and genotypic susceptibility score (GSS) were evaluated at baseline and after switch.ResultsOverall, 130 patients [62 (47.7%) viraemic; 68 (52.3%) virologically suppressed] were retrospectively analysed. At the moment of switch, 81.5% accumulated one or more MRM [protease inhibitor (PI), 35.7%; nucleoside(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 77.5%; non‐NRTI, 69.0%; integrase inhibitor (INI), 10.1%), but 77.7% harboured strains fully susceptible to DTG + bDRV. In viraemic patients, the overall probability of VS by 12 months of treatment was 91.7%. In virologically suppressed patients, the overall probability of VR was 10.5% by 24 months after therapy start. Patients with previous time under virological suppression ≤ 6 months showed a higher VR probability compared with others (37.5% vs. 6.7%, P < 0.002). Among 13 non‐responding patients for whom a genotypic resistance test result at failure was available, only two (15.4%) accumulated further resistance in integrase (Y143C/H/R; S147G and N155H) and protease (V32I, L33F, I54L).ConclusionsIn highly treatment‐experienced patients, the use of dual therapy based on DTG + bDRV appears to be a very good regimen for switch therapy, with a high rate of virological control in both viraemic and virologically suppressed patients. Among non‐responding patients, the selection of further resistance is a rare event.
Quantitative proteomic analysis in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis
Authors: Loureiro C. , Buzalaf M. A. R. , Moraes F. R. N. , Ventura T. M. O. , Pelá V. T. , Pessan J. P. , Jacinto R. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo quantitatively and qualitatively compare the host proteomic profile in samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) using nano‐liquid chromatography–electron spray tandem mass spectrometry.MethodologySamples were obtained from 18 patients with radiographically evident AP, divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (nine per group) according to clinical characteristics. After sample collection, protein extraction, purification and quantification of the samples were performed, which were analysed by reverse‐phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by Protein Lynx Global Service software. Differences in expression of proteins between the groups were calculated using the Monte Carlo algorithm, considering P < 0.05 for down‐regulated proteins and 1 − P > 0.95 for up‐regulated proteins. Proteins were identified with the embedded ion accounting algorithm in the software and a search of the Homo sapiens UniProt database.ResultsA total of 853 individual human proteins were identified. In the quantitative analysis, common proteins to both groups accounted for 143 proteins. Differences in expression between groups resulted in 51 up‐regulated proteins (1 − P > 0.95) in the symptomatic group, including alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, protein S100‐A8, myeloperoxidase, peroxiredoxin and lactotransferrin. This group also had 43 down‐regulated proteins (P < 0.05), comprising immunoglobulin, neutrophil defensin, pyruvate kinase and alpha‐enolase. The qualitative analysis considered only the exclusive proteins of each group. For the symptomatic group, 318 complete proteins and 29 fragments were identified, such as dedicator of cytokinesis protein, intersectin, prostaglandin, phospholipase DDHD2 and superoxide dismutase. For the asymptomatic group, 326 complete proteins and 37 fragments were identified, including azurocidin, C‐reactive protein, collagen alpha, cathepsin, heat shock and laminin.ConclusionsQuantitative differences in the expression of common proteins in cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic AP were found, which were mostly related to host immune response in both groups. Exclusive proteins in the symptomatic group were mainly related to the host response to the presence of viruses in endodontic infections, oxidative stress and proteolytic enzymes. The results provide a basis for a better understanding of cellular and molecular pathways involved in AP, establishing specific proteomic profiles for symptomatic and asymptomatic conditions.
Observational study of the incidence and factors associated with patient readmission from home‐based care under the Hospital in the Home programme
Authors: Lim Andy K. H. , De Silva Maneesha L. , Wang Rene S. H. , Nicholson Angus J. , Rogers Benjamin A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHospital in the Home (HITH) provides home‐based care by hospital staff, which reduces inpatient length of stay and promotes a better quality of life. The frequency and precipitants for readmission from HITH back to the acute inpatient service are currently poorly defined.AimsTo determine the incidence of hospital readmissions and risk factors for readmissions in a HITH programme of a large hospital network.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to a large HITH service within a hospital network in Victoria, Australia, from 1 July to 30 September 2017. We used logistic regression to determine if patient characteristics or specific clinical factors were associated with hospital readmission.ResultsIn a cohort of 605 patients under HITH, 72 were readmitted (incidence 11.9%). The median duration under HITH prior to readmission was 7 days (interquartile range, 3–23 days). Most readmissions were due to treatment failure, an associated complication or new clinical problem. In the univariable analysis, older age, direct admission from the emergency department (ED), recent intensive care admission, high Charlson comorbidity index, advanced chronic kidney disease, negative pressure wound therapy and use of antihypertensives were factors associated with readmission. In the multivariable analysis, the variables independently associated with readmissions were the Charlson comorbidity index (odds ratio, OR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08–1.25) and referrals from the ED (OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06–0.58).ConclusionsOlder age and greater comorbidity increased the odds of readmission, but patients from the ED were low risk compared to inpatient referrals.
Associations of anemia with stroke, bleeding, and mortality in atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tu Samuel J. , Hanna‐Rivero Nicole , Elliott Adrian D. , Clarke Nicholas , Huang Sonia , Pitman Bradley M. , Gallagher Celine , Linz Dominik , Mahajan Rajiv , Lau Dennis H. , Sanders Prashanthan , Wong Christopher X. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnemia frequently coexists with atrial fibrillation (AF) and has been variably associated with worse outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to comprehensively assess the effect of anemia on mortality, stroke/systemic thromboembolism, and bleeding events in patients with AF.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception until May 2020. Studies examining associations of anemia with the above outcomes in AF patients were included, and maximally adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) meta‐analysed. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020171113.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies involving 365 484 patients (41% female, mean age 74.7 years) were included. The average study follow‐up ranged from 0.2 to 4.0 years, and the prevalence of anemia was 16%. Anemia was associated with a 78% increase in all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–2.20), 60% increase in cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.19), 134% increase in noncardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.58–3.47) 15% increase in stroke/systemic thromboembolism (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.31), 78% increase in major bleeding (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.54–2.05), and 77% increase in gastrointestinal bleeding (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.23–2.55). Sensitivity analyses including studies that reported odds ratios did not result in any material change.ConclusionAnemia is a frequently observed comorbidity in patients with AF, and is associated with an increased risk of all‐cause, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality, stroke/systemic thromboembolism, and major and gastrointestinal bleeding. Future studies are required to explore the causes of anemia in AF, and whether investigation and treatment may be clinically beneficial in affected individuals.
Pocket resolution in regenerative treatment of intrabony defects with papilla preservation techniques: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Fratini Adriano , Manavella Valeria , Giraudi Marta , Citterio Filippo , Ferrarotti Francesco , Mariani Giulia Maria , Cairo Francesco , Baima Giacomo , Romano Federica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo systematically assess the clinical performance of different approaches for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects in terms of pocket resolution compared to access surgery with papilla preservation techniques (PPTs).Material and MethodsSystematic literature searches were conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL up to April 2020 to identify RCTs on regenerative treatment [guided tissue regeneration (GTR) or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with or without biomaterials] of intrabony defects using PPTs. Results were expressed as weighted mean percentages (WMP) or risk ratios of pocket resolution at 12 months (considering both final PD ≤ 3 mm and ≤4 mm).ResultsA total of 12 RCTs were included. Based on a final PD ≤ 3 mm or PD ≤ 4 mm, the WMP of pocket resolution was 61.4% and 92.1%, respectively. EMD and GTR obtained comparable results. Pairwise meta‐analysis identified a greater probability of achieving pocket resolution for GTR compared to PPTs. The number needed to treat for GTR to obtain one extra intrabony defect achieving PD ≤ 3 mm or PD ≤ 4 mm over PPTs was 2 and 4, respectively.ConclusionRegenerative surgery represents a viable approach to obtain final PD ≤ 4 mm in the short‐term.
Lesion‐directed screening to optimize skin cancer detection in dermatology practice: an observational study
Authors: Mylle S. , Verhaeghe E. , Van Coile L. , Van de Maele B. , Hoorens I. , Brochez L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of skin cancer is still a major challenge in dermatology practice today. While surveillance programs are offered to high‐risk patients, systematic total‐body examination (TBE) in the general population is not cost‐effective. In the past, we demonstrated that a lesion‐directed screening (LDS) in the general population delivered similar detection rates to TBE and was less time‐consuming.ObjectivesTo study whether a lesion‐directed early‐access consultation can optimize skin cancer detection in dermatology practice.MethodsIn this observational study, we offered an early‐access consultation in patients contacting the dermatology department concerning 1 or 2 lesions of concern meeting predefined criteria.Results342 persons were seen at the dermatology department after triage by phone. Skin cancer detection rate was 13.2% (4.1% for melanoma). If advised/referred by a doctor skin cancer detection rate was 23.6% (9% for melanoma). With a history of skin cancer, detection rate was 24.3% (4.3% for melanoma). In patients with no referral and a negative history of skin cancer, detection rate was 7.7% (1.7% for melanoma), which is at least triple the rates reported by population‐based screening programs. In patients in whom the index lesion was benign, worry of having skin cancer had decreased significantly by the end of the consultation. Additional total‐body examination in these patients had low additional detection rate (0.5%) and a high number of unnecessary excisions (number needed to excise 13).ConclusionsAn early‐access dermatology consultation for LDS after triage by phone resulted in high overall skin cancer and melanoma detection rates. Our data indicate that performing TBE is especially useful if the index lesion is suspicious. In addition to surveillance programs in high‐risk patients, LDS may be a way to optimize skin cancer detection in the general population and use available time more efficiently in daily dermatology practice.
Network meta‐analysis of biologic treatments for psoriasis using absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index values ≤1, 2, 3 or 5 derived from a statistical conversion method
Authors: Mrowietz U. , Warren R.B. , Leonardi C.L. , Saure D. , Petto H. , Hartz S. , Dossenbach M. , Reich K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn practice, the goal of treatment for patients with psoriasis is to achieve almost clear or clear skin and maintain disease control, regardless of baseline disease severity. However, identifying absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) values for new treatment goals is challenging, as most clinical trials report relative PASI 50, 75, 90 or 100 improvements but rarely absolute PASI values achieved.ObjectiveOur objective was to illustrate a statistical conversion method that was developed to derive absolute PASI values from available clinical trial data on relative PASI improvements. The results of network meta‐analyses (NMAs) based on these derived data were then compared with those of NMAs based on the corresponding relative PASI improvement data for selected biologics for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.MethodsThe PASI statistical conversion method was applied to relative PASI improvement data for 11 biologic treatment regimens and placebo at 12 weeks using data from 50 published studies. The respective proportions of patients reaching absolute PASI values ≤1, 2, 3 or 5 were then calculated. Frequentist NMAs (Rücker method) were subsequently used to compare efficacy results across relative and absolute PASI data.ResultsThe ranking of included treatment regimens for patients achieving absolute PASI 0 to 8 was aligned with results for relative PASI scores (from 100 to 60) at end of induction therapy. Across the range of PASI scores considered, the most effective treatment regimens based on both absolute and relative PASI NMAs were brodalumab 210 mg every 2 weeks and ixekizumab 80 mg every 2 weeks, followed by guselkumab 100 mg every 8 weeks and risankizumab 150 mg every 12 weeks.ConclusionData generated using this mathematical model will be useful to inform ongoing scientific discussions on treatment goals in the absence of primary absolute PASI data for all available treatments for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.
Stratum corneum markers of innate and T helper cell‐related immunity and their relation to the disease severity in Croatian patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Jurakic Toncic R. , Jakasa I. , Sun Y. , Hurault G. , Ljubojevic Hadzavdic S. , Tanaka R. J. , Pavicic B. , Balic A. , Zuzul K. , Petkovic M. , Kezic S. , Marinovic B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) presents with the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes within and between various populations. Recent study showed low frequency of filaggrin loss‐of‐function (FLG LOF) mutations in Croatian AD patients. At present, there are no data on biomarkers of immune response in Croatian AD patients that might be useful in the selection and monitoring of novel immune therapies.ObjectivesTo investigate levels of cytokines of various signature in the stratum corneum (SC) collected from lesional and non‐lesional skin of AD patients and healthy controls and to evaluate their relationship with the severity of disease and skin barrier function.MethodsSC samples were collected from 100 adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD and 50 healthy controls. The levels of 21 cytokines were measured by multiplex immunoassay. We conducted machine learning analysis to assess whether a small number of cytokine measurements can discriminate between healthy controls and AD patients and can predict AD severity (SCORAD).ResultsThe SC levels of thirteen cytokines representing innate immunity, Th‐1, Th‐2 and Th‐17/22 immune response showed significant differences between healthy and AD skin. Our analysis demonstrated that as few as three cytokines measured in lesional skin can discriminate healthy controls and AD with an accuracy of 99% and that the predictive models for SCORAD did not achieve a high accuracy. Cytokine levels were highly correlated with the levels of filaggrin degradation products and skin barrier function.ConclusionsStratum corneum analysis revealed aberrant levels of cytokines representing innate immunity, Th‐1‐, Th‐2‐ and Th‐17/22‐mediated immune response in Croatian AD patients. Increased Th‐2 cytokines and their strong association with natural moisturizing factor (NMF) can explain low NMF levels despite of low frequency of FLG LOF mutations in Croatian population. Predictive models for SCORAD identified cytokines associated with SCORAD but warrants further investigation.