bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based Medical Leadership Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lyon Oscar 
Published: November 2021

1Alexander Mafi, 2Oscar Lyons, 3Robynne George, 4Joao Galante, 5Thomas Fordwoh, 6Jan Frich,7Jaason Geerts
1University of Oxford, UK, 2University of Oxford, UK, 3Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust,4Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK, 5University of Oxford, UK, 6University of Oslo,Norway, 7Canadian College of Health Leaders, Ottawa, Canada

Health systems invest significant resources in leadership development for physicians and other health professionals. Competent leadership is considered vital for maintaining and improving quality and patient safety. We carried out this systematic review to synthesise new empirical evidence regarding medical leadership development programme factors which are associated with outcomes at the clinical and organisational levels.
117 studies were included in this systematic review. 28 studies met criteria for higher reliability studies. The median critical appraisal score according to the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument for quantitative studies was 8.5/18 and the median critical appraisal score according to the Jonna Briggs Institute checklist for qualitative studies was 3/10. There were recurring causes of low study quality scores related to study design, data analysis and reporting. There was considerable heterogeneity in intervention design and evaluation design. Programmes with internal or mixed faculty were significantly more likely to report organisational outcomes than programmes with external faculty only (p=0.049). Project work and mentoring increased the likelihood of organisational outcomes. No leadership development content area was particularly associated with organisational outcomes.
In leadership development programmes in healthcare, external faculty should be used to supplement in-house faculty and not be a replacement for in-house expertise. To facilitate organisational outcomes, interventions should include project work and mentoring. Educational methods appear to be more important for organisational outcomes than specific curriculum content. Improving evaluation design will allow educators and evaluators to more effectively understand factors which are reliably associated with organisational outcomes of leadership development.
Constraints on Optical Emission of FAST-detected FRB 20181130B with GWAC Synchronized Observations
Authors: Xin L. P. , Li H. L. , Wang J. , Han X. H. , Qiu Y. L. , Cai H. B. , Niu C. H. , Lu X. M. , Liang E. W. , Dai Z. G. , Wang X. G. , Wang X. Y. , Huang L. , Wu C. , Li G. W. , Feng Q. C. , Deng J. S. , Sun S. S. , Yang Y. G. , Wei J. Y. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Multiwavelength simultaneous observations are essential to the constraints on the origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs). However, it is a significant observational challenge due to the nature of FRBs as transients with a radio millisecond duration, which occur randomly in the sky regardless of time and position. Here, we report the search for short-time fast optical bursts in the Ground-based Wide Angle Camera (GWAC) archived data associated with FRB 20181130B, which were detected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope and recently reported. No new credible sources were detected in all single GWAC images with an exposure time of 10 s, including images with coverage of the expected arrival time in optical wavelength by taking the high dispersion measurements into account. Our results provide a limiting magnitude of 15.43 ± 0.04 mag in the R band, corresponding to a flux density of 1.66 Jy or 8.35 mag in AB system by assuming that the duration of the optical band is similar to that of the radio band of about 10 ms. This limiting magnitude makes the spectral index of α < 0.367 from optical to radio wavelength. The possible existence of longer-duration optical emission was also investigated with upper limits of 0.33 Jy (10.10 mag), 1.74 mJy (15.80 mag), and 0.16 mJy (18.39 mag) for the durations of 50 ms, 10 s, and 6060 s, respectively. This undetected scenario could be partially attributed to the shallow detection capability, as well as the high inferred distance of FRB 20181130B and the low fluence in radio wavelength. The future detectability of optical flashes associated with nearby and bright FRBs are also discussed in this paper.
The Flare and Warp of the Young Stellar Disk Traced with LAMOST DR5 OB-type Stars
Authors: Yu 于 Yang 扬 , Wang 王 Hai-Feng 海峰 , Cui 崔 Wen-Yuan 文元 , Li 李 Lin-Lin 林林 , Liu 刘 Chao 超 , Zhang 章 Bo 博 , Tian 田 Hao 浩 , Huo 霍 Zhen-Yan 振燕 , Ju 巨 Jie 洁 , Liu 柳 Zhi-Cun 志存 , Wen 温 Fang 芳 , Feng 冯 Shuai 帅 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis of the spatial density structure for the outer disk from 8–14 kpc with the LAMOST DR5 13,534 OB-type stars and observe similar flaring on the north and south sides of the disk, implying that the flaring structure is symmetrical about the Galactic plane, for which the scale height at different Galactocentric distances is from 0.14 to 0.5 kpc. By using the average slope to characterize the flaring strength, we find that the thickness of the OB stellar disk is similar but that flaring is slightly stronger compared to the thin disk as traced by red giant branch stars, possibly implying that secular evolution is not the main contributor to the flaring but rather perturbation scenarios such as interactions with passing dwarf galaxies could be possible. When comparing the scale height of the OB stellar disk on the north and south sides with the gas disk, the former one is slightly thicker than the latter one by ≈33 and 9 pc, meaning that one could tentatively use young OB-type stars to trace the gas properties. Meanwhile, we determine that the radial scale length of the young OB stellar disk is 1.17 ± 0.05 kpc, which is shorter than that of the gas disk, confirming that the gas disk is more extended than the stellar disk. What is more, by considering the midplane displacements (Z
0) in our density model we find that almost all values of Z
0 are within 100 pc, with an increasing trend as Galactocentric distance increases.
On the Issue of the Origin of Type II Solar Radio Bursts
Authors: Chernov Gennady , Fomichev Valery 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Type II solar radio bursts are among the most powerful events in the solar radio emission in the meter wavelength range. It is generally accepted that the agents generating type II radio bursts are magnetohydrodynamic shock waves. But the relationship between the shock waves and the other manifestations of the large-scale disturbances in the solar atmosphere (coronal mass ejections, Morton waves, EUW waves) remains unclear. To clarify a problem, it is important to determine the conditions of generation of type II radio bursts. Here, the model of the radio source is based on the generation of radio emission within the front of the collisionless shock wave where the Buneman instability of plasma waves is developed. In the frame of this model, the Alfvén magnetic Mach number must exceed the critical value, and there is a strict restriction on the perpendicularity of the front. The model allows us to obtain the information about the parameters of the shock waves and the parameters of the medium by the parameters of type II bursts. The estimates, obtained in this paper for several events with the band splitting of the fundamental and harmonic emission bands of the type II bursts, confirm the necessary conditions of the model. In this case the registration of type II radio bursts is an indication of the propagation of shock waves in the solar atmosphere, and the absence of type II radio bursts is not an indication of the absence of shock waves. Such a situation should be taken into account when investigating the relationship between type II radio bursts and other manifestations of solar activity.
Are Compton-thin AGNs Globally Compton Thin?
Authors: Tzanavaris P. , Yaqoob T. , LaMassa S. , Ptak A. , Yukita M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We select eight nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which, based on previous work, appear to be Compton-thin in the line of sight. We model with mytorus their broadband X-ray spectra from 20 individual observations with Suzaku, accounting self-consistently for Fe Kα line emission, as well as direct and scattered continuum from matter with finite column density and solar Fe abundance. Our model configuration allows us to measure the global, out of the line of sight, equivalent hydrogen column density separately from that in the line of sight. For 5 out of 20 observations (in 3 AGNs) we find that the global column density is in fact ≳1.5 × 1024 cm−2, consistent with the distant scattering matter being Compton-thick. For a fourth AGN, two out of five observations are also consistent with being Compton-thick, although with large errors. Some of these AGNs have been reported to host relativistically broadened Fe Kα emission. Based on our modeling, the Fe Kα emission line is not resolved in all but two Suzaku observations, and the data can be fitted well with models that only include a narrow Fe Kα emission line.
Application of high-intensity laser in pain treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Koevska Valentina , Nikolic-Dimitrova Erieta , Mitrevska Biljana , Gjerakaroska-Savevska Cvetanka , Gocevska Marija , Kalcovska Biljana 
Published: November 2021

Osteoarthritis is a rheumatic disease characterized by degeneration and decay of cartilage in the joints. As the disease worsens, the joint space narrows causing numbness and pain, which often impairs movement. In addition to pharmacological therapy, low-intensity laser (LILT), high-intensity laser (HILT) and exercise are used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. HILT is a new modality in our country and the experience from its application is small, especially in the treatment of OA of the knee. Aim of the paper was to compare the effect of HILT with LILT in the treatment of OA of the knee. Material and methods: This was a randomized comparative unilateral blind study involving 72 patients divided into two groups. The first group was treated with HILT, the second group treated with LILT. Outcome measure was the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, which was made on the first and tenth day of treatment. Statistical significance was defined as p <0.05. Results: We found a significant difference between the two groups in terms of VAS score after 10 therapies in favor to a significantly lower score, that is, less pain in the HILT group (p = 0.0035). The comparison of the VAS score between the two times in the two groups separately showed that in both, the HILT and the LILT groups, the VAS score after 10 days of therapy was significantly lower compared to thatat 0 time, for consequently p = 0.00001vsp = 0.00001. Conclusion: Treatment with HILT and LILT significantly reduces pain and stiffness in patients with OA. Patients treated with HILT had better results, i.e., had a significant reduction in pain than patients treated with LILT. HILT was more effective than LILT.
Insondabilidad, existencia colectiva, imaginación del pueblo: ontología de lo político y teoría de la sociedad en Helmuth Plessner
Authors: Delitz Heike , Lavernia Kilian 
Published: November 2021

El artículo propone una relectura de Poder y naturaleza humana de Helmuth Plessner, de 1931, como una teoría de la sociedad posfundacional avant la lettre, en una línea similar a los posteriores trabajos de Claude Lefort, Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe; o, también, relee este ensayo como una “ontología” de lo político. Después de introducir algunos comentarios sobre el debate histórico en el que Plessner quiso intervenir (1), se pasará a reconstruir su teoría de lo político desde tres categorías: “insondabilidad”, el afuera constitutivo y la vulnerabilidad del cuerpo humano (2). En un tercer y último paso, se discutirá y reactualizará la categoría de lo político más central y problemática de Plessner: la “existencia popular”. No en vano, el “pueblo” es visibilizado como una noción central para las teorías posfundacionales de la democracia moderna, ya que, más allá del “individuo”, se trata de uno de los fundamentos imaginarios, uno de los afueras fundantes de un colectivo democráticamente instituido.
Cannabis use, Attitudes, Regulation and Health: Survey Data from an Urban Population of users and Non-Users
Authors: Znoj Hansjörg , Genrich Gregor , Zeller Céline , Koroma Dennis 
Published: November 2021

Background Although illegal in most countries, cannabis remains the most common illicit drug in Switzerland and worldwide. While there is growing evidence on adverse effects of cannabis use, most users do not report any problems or negative consequences. In the face of a sustained high prevalence of cannabis use and the recent legalization waves in different parts of the world, it is important to know how cannabis is perceived in the general population and how current users regulate their own use. The present study aims to investigate users’ and non-users’ attitudes towards cannabis regulations and towards current users. Additionally, self-rated health measures as well as protective behavioral strategies and other cannabis related variables were assessed. Design and methods We collected data from 380 current users and 659 non-users who were recruited by invitation letter or online media platforms. The data was analyzed using basic descriptive statistical procedures. Results Results revealed that both groups favor moderate cannabis regulation measures over prohibition and no regulation at all. On average, they report the same subjective health. Protective strategies are often used and are associated with better health and lower severity of dependence in cannabis users. Conclusions Taken together, results indicate that safe use of cannabis is possible for most users, while there is a group of users at risk of 15-20%, which may benefit from control by regulatory measures.
Complete immunization coverage among children aged between 18 and 23 months in the rural area of Mon State, Myanmar
Authors: Htike Aung Z. , Myint Aung San San , Oo Win Myint 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To access complete immunization coverage among children aged 18-23 months living in the rural area of Mon State, Myanmar, and study the affecting factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of Mon State in 2017. Totally 353 caregivers who had children aged 18 to 23 months were selected using multistage random sampling. Face-to-face interview was applied in data collection. Complete immunization status was defined according to the current practice of routine immunization in Myanmar. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were utilized in data analysis.

Results:
Most of the caregivers were mothers (86.1%). Among 353 children, 293 [83% (95% CI 79.1-86.9)] had been immunized completely. The majority of caregivers had good levels of knowledge (77.1%) and attitude (71.4%) towards routine immunization. Some children (17.6%) had minor adverse events after immunization such as fever, pain and redness at the site of vaccination. Caregivers’ knowledge and attitude towards immunization, and the occurrence of adverse events after immunization in previous immunization session were significantly related to the status of complete immunization coverage (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Complete immunization coverage among children living in the rural area of Mon State stands at 83% and should be improved. Health education campaigns with appropriate strategies should be reinforced or strengthened to enhance immunization coverage.
Dietary intakes, eating habits and socioeconomic determinants of childhood malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in rural Lingshui county, Hainan, China
Authors: Zhang Fan , Lee Yuan-Chin Amy , Yi Cong , Alder Stephen C , Lin Guotian , He Limin 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
To investigate the associations between dietary intakes, eating habits, socioeconomic determinants and malnutrition in children under 5 years old in south China.

Method:
A case-control study with 182 malnourished (case) and 254 normal (control) children was conducted in four towns using anthropometric measurements and questionnaires.

Results:
The dietary intakes of calory, protein, vitamin and minerals of malnourished children were lower than their normal counterparts. Overall, 37.9% children ‘monthly or never’ ate egg and egg products, 61.5% ‘monthly or never’ ate beans and soy products, but 76.7% had candies or cakes ‘daily or weekly’. Four identified determinants of malnutrition were: 1) low education level of mother (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.02-2.67); 2) more children in one family (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.14-3.03); 3) absence of independent eating habit (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.13-2.72); and 4) long dining time (≥20 min) (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.12-3.24).

Conclusions:
Inadequate dietary intake, lower socioeconomic status and inappropriate eating habits were the major determinants of childhood malnutrition in south China. Nutritional intervention focusing on education and behavior change are warranted to help reduce the rate of malnourishment among the children of rural families in the future.
CT quantitative analysis in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 and its correlation with laboratory examination results
Authors: Wu Lan , Yang Ran , Guo Dajing , Li Xiang , Li Chuanming , Zeng Wenbing , Chen Ting 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To quantitatively analyze the longitudinal changes of ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and total lesion in patients infected with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its correlation with laboratory examination results.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:All 76 computed tomography (CT) images and laboratory examination results from the admission to discharge of 15 patients confirmed with severe COVID-19 were reviewed, whereas the GGO volume ratio, consolidation volume ratio, and total lesion volume ratio in different stages were analyzed. The correlations of lesions volume ratio and laboratory examination results were investigated.

RESULTS:
Four stages were identified based on the degree of lung involvement from day 1 to day 28 after disease onset. GGO was the most common CT manifestation in the four stages. The peak of lung involvement was at around stage 2, and corresponding total lesion volume ratio, GGO volume ratio, and consolidation volume ratio were 17.48 (13.44−24.33), 12.11 (7.34−17.08), and 5.51 (2.58−8.58), respectively. Total lesion volume ratio was positively correlated with neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity CRP (Hs-CRP), procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), but negatively correlated with lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, arterial oxygen saturation, and arterial oxygen tension. Consolidation volume ratio was correlated with most above laboratory examination results except Hs-CRP, LD, and CK-MB. GGO, however, was only correlated with lymphocyte count.

CONCLUSION:
CT quantitative parameters could show longitudinal changes well. Total lesion volume ratio and consolidation volume ratio are well correlated with laboratory examination results, suggesting that CT quantitative parameters may be an effective tool to reflect the changes in the condition.
Diagnostic value of ground-glass opacity in suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patients
Authors: Zhu Yanqiu , Yan Cui , Duan Yani , Tang Leilei , Zhu Junying , Chen Xiuzhen , Dong Yunxu , Liu Weimin , Tang Wenjie , Guo Yuefei , Qin Jie 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of ground-glass opacity (GGO) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched from November 01, 2019 to November 29, 2020. Studies providing the diagnostic test accuracy of chest computed tomography (CT) and description of detailed CT features for COVID-19 were included. Data were extracted from the publications. The sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves were pooled. Heterogeneity was detected across included studies.

RESULTS:
Eleven studies with 1618 cases were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve were 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.84), 0.52 (95% CI, 0.33–0.70), and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66–0.74), respectively. There was obvious heterogeneity among included studies (P < 0.05). Differences in the study region, inclusion criteria, research quality, or research methods might have contributed to the heterogeneity. The included studies had no significant publication bias (P > 0.1).

CONCLUSIONS:
COVID-19 was diagnosed not only by GGO with a medium level of diagnostic accuracy but also by white blood cell counts, epidemic history, and revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing.
A Linguist's life. An English translation of Otto Jespersen' autobiography with notes, photos and a bibliography. EDited by Arne Juul, Hans F. Nielsen, Jørgen Erik Nielsen. Odense university press; Odense 1995
Authors: Skytte Gunver 
Published: November 2021

È un tratto positivo della linguistica di oggi l'interesse rinnovato per la storia della linguistica e per i grandi classici della linguistica, molti dei quali sono oggetto di un vero revival scientifico. Basti ricordare ii caso di Lucien Tesnière, le cui teorie oggi sono fonte di ricca ispirazione, come testimonia ii volume Linguistica XXX IV, I . M élanges Lucien Tesnière, Ljubljana 1994.
Fernando Picchi, Language & Business, Dizionario inglese-italiano, italiano-inglese, economico, commerciale e di lingua moderna, Bologna, Zanichelli editore, 1993, pp. 1788
Authors: Vučetić Zorica 
Published: November 2021

Con questa recensione cercheremo di esprimere il nostro giudizio sul valore e pregio del presente dizionario. Perché abbiamo scelto proprio un dizionario bilingue, inglese-italiano, italiano-inglese? Perché oggi, alla fine di questo secolo e di questo millennio, in tutte le branche della scienza, dall' economia alla linguistica e all' informatica, la lingua veicolare è una sola: l' inglese. La lingua inglese è ormai diventata una lingua internazionale.
Le relatif qui/qu' sujet en français contemporain
Authors: Pogačnik Vladimir 
Published: November 2021

Notre contribution se donne pour but de souligner la "cohabitation" très répandue, mais peu divulguée de deux (selon certains auteurs de trois et même quatre) variantes phonomorphologiques de la forme simple du pronom relatif sujet en français parlé actuel: /ki/, /kl, /kj/, /k'/, tout en essayant de reposer certaines questions liées à ce phénomène.
Accent d'intensité et action intonative en français moderne
Authors: Vitez Primož 
Published: November 2021

Cet article se donne pour objectif d'exposer une réflexion critique sur la nature, le fonctionnement et les interactions possibles de deux faits prosodiques en français: l'accent d'intensité et l'intonation de la phrase. Les effets de l'accentuation par intensité se rangent au niveau syntagmatique de la chaîne parlée (done au niveau du mot phonétique). Le fonctionnement de l'intonation, en français, affecte globalement la phrase toute entière, mais les composantes élémentaires de ses formes globales touchen à la structuration syntaxique, formant ainsi des unités intonatives qui «couvrent» les mêmes éléments que l'accent linguistique. 11 s'agit done d'examiner les rapports qu'il pourrait y avoir entre la réalisation des formes intonatives et les fonctions de l'accent linguistique, etant donné que les deux faits prosodiques, à l'intérieur de la chaîne parlée française, se partagent un même champ d'opération.