bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE OF INTEGRATED TWO STAGE ANOXIC-AEROBIC SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE
Authors: M.I. Aida Isma , R. Ashvini , M. Munira 
Published: June 2021

A 10 L SBR reactor was operated on a two cycles per day with total cycle time of 500 minutes. This study explored the impact of a 300 minute react period with alternating two stage anoxic-aerobic phases starting at 120 minutes to 30 minutes on effluent quality, sludge settleability and particle size distribution.The overall removal efficiencies for COD, TSS and NH4-N were 93.8%, 98.4 % and 85.9%, respectively. The results indicated a good process performance with the first 2h anoxic/1.5 h aerobic period with removals of 66.0%, 78.5% and 59.4 % for COD, NH4-N and TSS removal respectively.The NH4-N removal was not enhanced although the anoxic period was lengthened by 1 h with low removal of 4.5 % and subsequent 7.2% of the second aerobic phase. There was an increase in the particle size of the sludge from 117.743Î¼m to 127.310Î¼m over an operating period of 35 days.
Awareness of Students on Genetically Modified Organisms in a State University: Basis for a Proposed University Awareness Program
Authors: Co Annalene Grace E. , Soriano Roselle M. , Delizo Rosalyn L. , Magno Kathleen Grace C. , Lopez Liezel S. , Garcia Elizabeth B. , Alip Eduard P. 
Published: June 2021

As an educational institution, there is a need to be well informed especially about pressing issues and concerns affecting humanity and one such issue is on the genetically modified organism. GMOs are organisms that have gone through some genetic alterations. It has become a business that may have started with good intentions, but that which have been described by experts as something that can also affect large numbers of people in yet unforeseen ways, that some are not even aware of the fact that they are consuming GMO food. The study aimed to find out the level of awareness of Technology and Livelihood Education students in a State University in Region 02 on Genetically Modified Organisms with the hope that many people will acquire knowledge for the development of the community. It made use of the quantitative descriptive-inferential approach using a questionnaire checklist validated by experts. Weighted mean and Analysis of Variance were used to analyze the data gathered. Findings show that most of the respondents have a low level of awareness on genetically modified organisms in food products and have a very low level of awareness in terms of genetically modified plants, animals, medicine, and the possible health risks these can bring about. Furthermore, findings reveal that there is a significant difference on their level of awareness in terms of genetically modified food products, plants, animals, medicines. With the findings and conclusions gathered, there is a great need to raise the level of awareness of the respondents on genetically modified organisms. Thereby, the researchers proposed the University Awareness Program on genetically modified organisms making every student in the university fully aware of the issue of GMOs.
Mechanical Properties of Commercial Particleboard from Rubberwood (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Recycle Mix-Tropical Wood with Different Board Density
Authors: Amali Nur Wafa Amalina , Mohd Yunus Nor Yuziah , Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Mohd Nazri 
Published: June 2021

In this study, mechanical properties of commercially manufactured hybrid particleboard from mix-tropical wood and rubberwood with four different densities at 25mm thickness have been investigated. The particleboard sample cutting and testing was in accordance to EN312:2013. The density of particleboard is identified with interval of 10kg/m3 for different densities which include 660kg/m3, 670kg/m3, 680kg/m3 and 690kg/m3. Particleboards were made with the ratio of 40:60 for mix-tropical wood particle and rubberwood particle respectively. The particleboards were prepared with urea formaldehyde (UF) with E1 formulation with addition of wax and hardener. Increment of 10kg/m3 density for each particleboard led to increase in internal bonding (IB), bending testing include modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE), surface soundness (SS) and screw edge (SE) withdrawal. It was found that with board increment of 10kg/m3, the improvement was not statically significant except that for MOR. All panels met the minimum requirements of standard.
PENGEDALIAN GULMA PADA TANAMAN KARET (hevea brasiliensis, Mull, Arg.) DI INSTALASI BENIH PERKEBUNAN KUALU UPT TPH BUN PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Hendi Andrean  
Published: June 2021

Tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Mull, Arg.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dibudidayakan di Indonesia dan memberikan andil yang cukup besar terhadap devisa negara diantara hasil perkebunan lainnya, dan menempati urutan ketiga setelah migas dan kayu (Setyamidjaja, 1993). Pengendalian gulma di kebun karet menghasilkan sangatlah penting untuk menekan jumlah pengeluaran dan meningkatkan hasil produksi. Pengendalian gulma harus mengikuti aturan yang dianjurkan. Kesalahan dalam pengendalian dapat mengurangi produksi lateks. Pengendalian dapat dilakukan dengan cara mekanis, kultur teknis, hayati, preventif , kimia dan pengendalian terpadu. Saat ini, pengendalian gulma secara kimiawi merupakan alternatif terbaik untuk skala perkebunan yang luas. Berdasarkan uraian di atas penulis menyusun usulan magang mengenai“Pengendalian Gulma Pada Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) Di Instalasi Benih Perkebunan Kualu UPT TPH BUN Provinsi Riau ”.
Correlation of Prolonged Total Ischemic Time with Body Mass Index in Kidney Transplant: A Single Center Report
Authors: Eriawan Agung Nugroho  , Erwin Wibowo  , Aryani Prathita Amanda 
Published: June 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rising health concern worldwide, especially in Indonesia. The treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease is Kidney Transplantation.1 Numerous studies showed that prolonged total ischemic ischemic time may cause hypoxia of the graft tissue and increased risk of ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) and delayed graft function (DGF).2 Body mass index of kidney transplant recipients may cause prolonged duration of the procedure, as well as prolonged total ischemic time. This study aimed to determine the correlation between prolonged total ischemic time with body mass index.
Method: This was an observational and cross-sectional analysis at Kariadi General Hospital Semarang involving patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 2016 to December 2019. The total ischemic time was recorded intraoperatively. The Body Mass Index data were provided by medical records. The program used to statistically analyze the data was SPSS 23.0, and Spearman was used for hypothesis testing.
Result: This study included 25 kidney transplant recipients. The mean total ischemic time was 43,27 ± 6,63 minutes. There was a significant positive correlation between prolonged ischemic time and body mass index (r= 0,506 ; p= 0,010).
Conclusion: Prolonged total ischemic time was positively correlated with increased body mass index and these results are statistically significant.
The Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum: Causal Agent of Vascular Withering of Watermelon
Authors: Fernández-Herrera Ernesto , González-Soto Tania E. , Irene Iliana Ramirez Bustos Irene Iliana Ramirez Bustos 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To describe Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) as the causal agent of vascular withering in the watermelon crop (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai).
Design/Methodology/Approach: A review of scientific literature (scientific books, notes and articles) was carried out about Fon as the causal agent of vascular withering in the watermelon crop; biology, symptoms, disease cycle, isolation and management alternatives.
Results: Withering from Fusarium in watermelon is the main fungal disease of this crop worldwide. Necrosis of the vascular tissue and withering of the plant are the most characteristic symptoms of the disease. There are four races of this fungus (Fon race 0, 1, 2 and 3); the commercial varieties of watermelons have different degrees of resistance to these races. Practices such as the correct diagnosis, use of grafts, solarization, fungicides, biological products and genetic resistance can significantly reduce the impact of the disease on the production.
Findings/Conclusions: In Mexico, knowledge about vascular withering of watermelon is scarce despite this disease being one of the factors that limits commercial production. The greatest knowledge about the symptoms, the fungus’s biology, presence and distribution of races, diagnosis and alternatives of Fon management, will allow integrating appropriate management practices that favor the commercial production of the crop.
N, P, K nutrition differentially affects the incidence and severity of the attack of pests and diseases in plants
Authors: Gómez-Trejo Libia F. , Hernández-Acosta Elizabeth , Peralta-Sánchez Ma. Guadalupe 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To document and analyze relevant results reported on the relationships kept by the essential elements, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with biotic stress factors in higher plants.
Design/methodology/approach: A bibliographic analysis was carried out using keywords related to the concepts of nutrient relationship with phytopathogens, plant fertilization and nutrition and biotic stress. Subsequently, the most relevant articles on N, P, and K and their relationship with pests and diseases were selected and analyzed.
Results: The elements N, P, and K affect the development of pests on plants. Fertilization with N tend to increase the presence of pests, while fertilization with P and K decreases it. However, this cannot be generalized for all crops or pests.
Limitations/implications of the study: Research on the effects of N, P, and K on the incidence of phytopathogens is limited and in most cases the mechanisms that determine such relashionship are not described.
Findings/conclusions: Fertilization with N causes a higher incidence of pests and diseases in plants, while fertilization with P and K can contribute to reduce their incidence. However, due to the great diversity of responses, these statements are not applicable to all cases and depend on other factors such as the crop and the pest present in the agroecosystem. It is required to carry out studies that make it possible to clarify exactly how these essential elements influence the development of diseases in different crops, and thus be able to make nutrition recommendations in which limiting biotic factors are taken into account.
مبدأ المساواة في الإسلام دراسة تحليلية في مفاهيم التًميز والتًمييز
Authors: Hasan Baidar mohammed mohammed , Abdul Rab Muneer Ali 
Published: June 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان مبدأ المساواة في الإسلام من خلال عدة أطر مهمة، والتي تمثل المفاهيم المعرفية والعملية لمبدأ المساوة بين البشر، ومن خلال تلك المفاهيم، نستطيع أن نتوصل إلى حقائق مهمة تتبين أن المساواة الإنسانية ليست بالضرورة أن تعني أن يتساوى الناس في كل أمورهم الحياتية الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية وما شابه ذلك، -وهو ما تعنيه الدراسة بإمكانية التمايز في هذه الجوانب- وإنما يقصد بمبدأ المساواة في الإسلام أن الناس سواسية في الحقوق والواجبات، وهو ما يمكن أن نسميه وجوب المساواة وامتناع التّمييز العنصري خاصة في هذا الجانب المحوري "الحقوق والواجبات". وهذا هو المنظور الإسلامي لمبدأ المساواة في هذا الجانب الحيوي. كما أن الإسلام أتاح وحث على التنافس والتفاضل بين الناس في شتى المجالات الحياتية العلمية والعملية، ولذلك فالناس متفاضلون في المنازل حسب الجهود التي يبذلونها في تطوير ذواتهم، وتقديم المنافع لمجتمعاتهم، وهذا التفاضل لا يمس عنصر المساواة في الحقوق والواجبات في المنظور الإسلامي، ولا يؤدي إلى التّمييز العنصري.
الجدير ذكره في هذا الصدد أن هناك إشكالية في ازدواج المعايير المعاصرة لفهم حقيقة وفلسفة المساواة الإنسانية، ولذلك فإن مبدأ المساواة يطرح ضمن معايير بعضها غير قابل للتطبيق، وقد تٌسبب تلك المعايير انفصامًا في المجتمعات، ومن ضمن تلك المعايير الغير واعية بمبدأ المساواة، المساواة بين البشر بشكل مطلق دون النظر إلى عوامل التمايز والتفاضل بينهم، وهناك من يخلط بين عامل التمايز والتفاضل وعامل التّمييز العنصري، وهذه إشكاليات استدعت دراسة هذا الموضوع بشكل يمكن من خلاله إظهار مبدأ المساواة في الشريعة الإسلامية ضمن معاييره المنضبطة. وسوف تتبع الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للتتبع النصوص التشريعية ذات العلاقة، وتحليلها بما يتلاءم مع موضوع الدراسة للوصول إلى النتائج المطلوبة.
Viral Load, Detection Rate and Sensitivity of Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swab Sampling for Diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Hassan Eyzawiah , Mohamad Mustafa Nuralia Akma , Salahuddin Nor Azirah , Md Arepen Siti Asmat 
Published: June 2021

The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a major public health crisis. Accurate screening methods for COVID-19 infection is essential and crucial for case detection, isolation, prevention and control of the current pandemic. At present, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs are typically used as the method of choice for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We carried out a review on the accuracy of the two different sampling sites, the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab sampling, focusing on the viral load, detection of positive cases and sensitivity in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in diagnosing COVID-19. A total of 25 articles related to the topic were selected out of 5221 articles searched online using Scopus, PubMed and Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google scholar with the keywords COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, nasal swab and throat swab. All full text original articles were obtained and reviewed. Nasopharyngeal swab had significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 load than oropharyngeal swab (mean Ct value ranging from 24.3-37.8, higher detection of positive rate (highest rate 62.5%) and sensitivity (highest sensitivity 98.3%, P<0.05) in RT-PCR assay compared to oropharyngeal swab. Based on the scientific literature review, both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were reported to have 30% probability of yielding false negative results; thus clinically suspicious patients with negative results should be viewed with concern. In conclusion, although several methods of COVID-19 screening and type of specimen are available, nasopharyngeal swab is the best option for large scale screening as it yields significantly higher viral load, higher detection of positive rate among cases and higher sensitivity in RT-PCR assay compared to oropharyngeal swab in detecting SARS-CoV-2.
Способи регулювання струму мережі в системах керування електроприводом з активним фільтром
Authors: Бєлоха Г.С. , Шевченко І.С. 
Published: June 2021

Сучасний регульований електропривод як постійного так і змінного струмів має у своєму складі перетворювачі, які є нелінійним, вони спотворюють криву вхідного струму, що є неприпустимим з точку зору якості електроенергії. Застосування силових активних фільтрів дозволяє формувати в мережі живлення струм синусоїдальної форми, при цьому не має потреби змінювати існуючу систему електропривода. Силовий активний фільтр під’єднаний до мережі та навантаження паралельно. Схема запропонованого фільтру складається з трифазного моста на повністю керованих транзисторах з зворотними діодами. На його виході конденсатор. Система керування вентилями фільтру релейна. У статті розглянуто систему керування активним фільтром незалежно від навантаження та принципи формування струму споживаного з мережі: регулювання за відхиленням, таке регулювання найбільш бажане в тих системах керування електроприводом в яких неможливо або важко технічно здійснювати вимірювання струму та напруги якірної обмотки двигунів постійного струму або статорної обмотки асинхронних двигунів; регулювання за збуренням, для більш точного регулювання, та комбіноване регулювання. За допомогою цифрового моделювання в програмі Matlab проведено дослідження принципів формування завдання на струм мережі живлення та виконаний аналіз струмів на вміст гармонік струму споживаного з мережі та струму споживаного нелінійним навантаженням. Отримані осцилограми підтверджують працездатність силового активного фільтру, струм споживаний з мережі синусоїдальний та синфазний напруги живлення. Гармонійний аналіз для різних значень потужності показав, що запропонований силовий активний фільтр гармонік забезпечує високу якість споживаного струму мережі, показники якості задовольняють умовам представлених у міжнародних стандартах на якість електроенергії (THD<5%).
A distance education experience on assessment of airway maneuvers during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oktay M Murat , Boğan Mustafa , Sabak Mustafa , Gümüşboğa Hasan , Bilir İbrahim , Demir Mehmet Cihat , Narcı Hüseyin 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated the switch to distance education by abandoning face-to-face education worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether it is possible for practical education and performance measurements through distance education.
Methods: The application video and the application steps were sent to the participants through their smartphone by WhatsApp messenger. Grade 1 students in the Physiotherapy Section (Group A) and Grade 1 students in the Paramedic Section (Group B) voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were asked to apply simulation applications and record the simulation applications' video clips with their smartphones.
Results: The mean age of the 123 participants was 20.11 ± 2.03 (18-33) years, and 56 (45.5%) were in Group A, and 67 (54.5%) were in Group B. While the participants in Group A were successful at a rate of 35.7% (n = 20) in the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, this rate was 65.7% (n = 44) for Group B (p = 0.001). For the jaw thrust maneuver, the success rate was 21.4% (n = 12) for Group A and 31.3% (n = 21) for Group B.
Conclusion: In this study, the participants used family members as a live simulation model in our research. The participants who were given face-to-face education before were more successful on head tilt chin lift maneuver. Jaw thrust maneuver was more challenging to learn and practice by distance education. The academicians interested in medical education should keep in mind that the outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic have permanent effects on education systems.
Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(1): 1-8
Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic rural Bangladeshi population
Authors: Rhaman Mir Masudur , Rahman Fahmida , Mazumder Sraboni , Sayeed M Abu , Haq Jalaluddin Ashraful 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection differs in urban and rural population. In our country, no previous study investigated the H. pylori infection in rural population. The aim of the present study was to find out the status of H. pylori infection among the Bangladeshi asymptomatic rural adult population.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural area located about 40 km north-east of capital Dhaka. Apparently healthy non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic adults (18 years and above) were enrolled in this study. A structured questionnaire was developed to record the socio-demographic and clinical information. H. pylori infection status was determined by the presence of anti- H. pylori IgG antibody in blood. Serum anti-H.pylori IgG antibodies were determined by immunochromatographic test (ICT) method.
Results: A total number of 180 apparently healthy adult individuals were enrolled of which 112, 40 and 28 were non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic respectively. Out of 180 individuals, anti- H. pylori IgG was present in 70 (38.9%, CI: 32.1, 46.2) cases. Infection rate was 50%, 27.5% and 43.5% in 19-30, 31-50 and >50 years age group respectively. Infection rate was significantly (p< 0.05) low in 31-50 years age group compared to 19-30 and > 50 years age groups. H. pylori infection rates in male and female were 42.6% (CI: 29.2, 56.8) and 37.3% (CI: 28.9, 46.4) respectively (p=0.50). There was no significant (p>0.05) association of H. pylori infection with economic status, education level, occupation and tobacco consumption of the study population. The rate of H. pylori infection in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals were not significantly different from each other.
Conclusion: The study revealed a low prevalence of H. pylori infection in rural population of Bangladesh. There was no significant association of H. pylori infection with several sociodemographic status and diabetes.
Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(1): 41-46
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMPOS LIMBAH PERTANIAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN SERAPAN NITROGEN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Chasanah Roudhotul , Sholihah Anis , Sugianto Agus 
Published: June 2021

Corn is one of the most cultivated cereals that plays an important role in meeting food needs so that the production of corn plants is increasing every year. To increase the production of corn, farmers usually use inorganic fertilizer, but in the long run, the use of inorganic fertilizer is not effective, especially in soil fertility. This study aims to determine the effect of different compost and dosages on growth and N uptake of corn plants and to obtain the optimum dosage of each compost to increase N uptake of corn plants. This research was placed in a plastic house in Losari village, Singosari, Malang with a factorial RAK experimental design with Control, where there were two factors, each factor there were four levels, namely the first factor: P1 = straw compost, P2 = soybean compost, P3 = bean compost soil, and P4 = sugarcane compost, whereas the second factor is D1 = 5 tons / ha, D2 = 10 tons / ha, D3 = 15 tons/ha, and D1 = 20 tons / ha. There are 16 combinations plus control = 17 treatments, 17x 3 replications x 3 samples = 153 experimental units. Data analysis used 5% Anova if it was tested further using a 5% BNJ and to determine the optimum dose regression analysis was performed. The results showed that separately the P3 treatment gave the best results on parameters of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf area. P3 treatment gives the best optimum dosage results on N-total uptake with a determination value of 94.46%; the optimum dose obtained is 11.44 tons/ha. Keywords : Corn, compost, dosage, rice straw, soybean, bean, and sugarecane