bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIF-1α is a negative regulator of interferon regulatory factors: Implications for interferon production by hypoxic monocytes
Authors: Peng Travis , Du Shin-Yi , Son Myoungsun , Diamond Betty 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Clinical studies have shown that defects in type I interferon (IFN) production or antibodies to IFN appear to correlate with severe COVID-19 infection. Here, we demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines but not type I IFN are produced by hypoxic human monocytes. We show that hypoxia suppresses production of type I IFN but not nuclear factor-κB–dependent proinflammatory cytokines. We demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is a direct transcriptional suppressor of interferon regulatory factors, the transcriptional activators of type I IFN. These findings may aid in understanding and control of impaired IFN production by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
Ecotourism in Crete at the Milia Mountain Retreat
Authors: Jeannon Marine , Labbé Emilie , Louis Orianne , Sanjivy Agnès 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The story of Milia Mountain Retreat reflects changes in tourism demand worldwide which have been accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Located in Western Crete, it has seen a significant increase in domestic tourists and a strong growth of demand from travellers seeking authentic experiences in the Mediterranean.

Information
Written on the basis of material provided by Tassos Gourgouras of Milia Mountain Retreat, in the context of Skema’s Strategic Marketing Projects programme.
© CAB International 2021
In Quebec, A Historic Convent is Reborn as a Wellness and Therapy Centre
Authors: Vindolet Camille , Labbé Emilie , Bressy Sophie de , Couttet Alizée 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Hôtel-Dieu de Québec was founded in the 17th century to house the Augustinian Sisters, whose role included providing care and healing for the sick and the poor in the New France colonies.

Information
For SKEMA: Written on the basis of material provided by Isabelle Houde (Assistant Executive Director) and Isabelle Duchesneau (Executive Director) of Le Monastère des Augustines.
© CAB International 2021
Exploring the Case In Quebec, A Historic Convent is Reborn as a Wellness and Therapy Centre
Authors: Vindolet Camille , Labbé Emilie , Bressy Sophie de , Couttet Alizée , Ward-Perkins David 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
The project of Le Monastère des Augustines is situated on the permeable frontiers connecting heritage tourism, wellness tourism and religious tourism. The notes and exercises below will help researchers and students explore the relations between the three.
IPC recovery length of 45 minutes improves muscle oxygen saturation during active sprint recovery
Authors: Seeley Afton D. , Jacobs Kevin A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIschemic preconditioning (IPC) involves brief, repeated bouts of limb occlusion and reperfusion capable of improving exercise performance at least partially by enhancing local skeletal muscle oxygenation. This study sought to investigate the effect of a lower limb IPC protocol, with either a 5‐min or 45‐min post‐application delay, on vastus lateralis tissue saturation index (TSI) and systemic cardiac hemodynamics at rest and during short‐duration intense cycling. Twelve young adults randomly completed four interventions: IPC (at 220 mmHg) with 5‐min delay (IPC5), IPC with 45‐min delay (IPC45), SHAM (at 20 mmHg) with 5‐min delay (SHAM5), and SHAM with 45‐min delay (SHAM45). Following IPC intervention and recovery delay, participants completed 5, 60‐s high‐intensity (100% W peak) cycle sprints separated by 120‐sec of active recovery (30% W peak). Compared to baseline, TSI immediately following IPC5, but pre‐exercise, remained lower than the equivalent for IPC45 (−5.9 ± 1.5%, p = .002). IPC, imposed at least 45‐min before the completion of five 60‐s sprint cycling efforts, significantly enhanced TSI during active recovery between sprint intervals compared to a 5‐min delay (6.6 ± 2.4%, p = .021), and identical SHAM conditions (SHAM5: 5.8 ± 2.2%, p = .024; SHAM45: 6.2 ± 2.5%, p = .029). A 45‐min delay following IPC appears to provide heightened skeletal muscle metabolic rebound prior to intense sprint cycling as compared to a 5‐min delay. Furthermore, IPC followed by a 45‐min delay enhanced recovery of skeletal muscle oxygenation during low intensity active sprint recovery, despite an unchanged decline in skeletal muscle oxygenation during near‐maximal sprinting efforts.
A study of the formation of isotopically pure 28Si layers for quantum computers using conventional ion implantation
Authors: Schneider Ella B , England Jonathan , Antwis Luke , Royle Alex , Webb Roger , Gwilliam Russell 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the use of conventional ion implantation to fabricate enriched 28Si layers for use in quantum computers. The final compositions of samples enriched using ultra-low energy (ULE) (800 eV and 2 keV) and low energy (20 keV) 28Si implants of varying fluences (1 × 1016–3.8 × 1017 cm−2) using two different implanters were measured using channelled Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). The dynamic, binary collision approximation program TRIDYN was used to model the implantation profiles to guide the analysis of the RBS spectra. It was found that ULE implants achieved high 28Si enrichment levels but were heavily contaminated with oxygen due to poor vacuum in the implanter wafer end station. It was shown that oxidation could be reduced by using an accelerator with an end station with better vacuum and increasing the implant energy to 20 keV. However, TRIDYN simulations predict that the best 28Si enrichment levels that could be achieved under these conditions would saturate at ∼99.2% due to self-sputtering. We modelled a range of conditions with TRIDYN and so recommend low energies (<3 keV), ultra-high vacuum implantation for high 28Si enrichment (>99.9%) with the lowest possible fluences (∼5–10 × 1017 cm−2).
Retracted: Facile synthesis of porous MoS2 nanofibers for efficient drug delivery and cancer treatment
Authors: Liu Shaobo , Wang Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Porous MoS2 nanofibers were synthesized by electroplating and post-annealing and applied in a responsive drug delivery system. The one-dimensional (1D) MoS2 nanofibers displayed a high specific surface area, controllable morphology, and uniform size, serving as a promising drug carrier for chemotherapy. After surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) through PEGylation, the MoS2/PEG composite displayed excellent physical/chemical stability and biocompatibility. More importantly, MoS2/PEG loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) exhibited a controllable release responsive to pH and near-infrared (NIR) irradiation and demonstrated precise DOX dose release. Such remarkable anticancer effects were mainly attributed to outstanding photothermal performance and stability of porous MoS2 nanofibers. This work offered a new opportunity of employing porous MoS2 nanofibers as drug carriers for effective cancer chemotherapy.
Macroscopic Quantities of Collective Brain Activity during Wakefulness and Anesthesia
Authors: Ponce-Alvarez Adrián , Uhrig Lynn , Deco Nikolas , Signorelli Camilo M , Kringelbach Morten L , Jarraya Béchir , Deco Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study of states of arousal is key to understand the principles of consciousness. Yet, how different brain states emerge from the collective activity of brain regions remains unknown. Here, we studied the fMRI brain activity of monkeys during wakefulness and anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness. We showed that the coupling between each brain region and the rest of the cortex provides an efficient statistic to classify the two brain states. Based on this and other statistics, we estimated maximum entropy models to derive collective, macroscopic properties that quantify the system’s capabilities to produce work, to contain information, and to transmit it, which were all maximized in the awake state. The differences in these properties were consistent with a phase transition from critical dynamics in the awake state to supercritical dynamics in the anesthetized state. Moreover, information-theoretic measures identified those parameters that impacted the most the network dynamics. We found that changes in the state of consciousness primarily depended on changes in network couplings of insular, cingulate, and parietal cortices. Our findings suggest that the brain state transition underlying the loss of consciousness is predominantly driven by the uncoupling of specific brain regions from the rest of the network.
Adipokines, Weight Gain and Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5260s
Authors: Koethe John R , Moser Carlee , Brown Todd T , Stein James H , Kelesidis Theodoros , Dube Michael , Currier Judith , McComsey Grace A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe adipokines leptin and adiponectin, produced primarily by adipose tissue, have diverse endocrine and immunologic effects, and circulating levels reflect adipocyte lipid content, local inflammation, and tissue composition. We assessed relationships between changes in regional fat depots, leptin and adiponectin levels, and metabolic and inflammatory markers over 96 weeks in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5260s metabolic substudy of the A5257 randomized trial of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine plus atazanavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ritonavir, or raltegravir among treatment-naive persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH).MethodsFat depots were measured using dual-energy absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomographic imaging at treatment initiation and 96 weeks later. Serum leptin and adiponectin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured at the same timepoints. Multivariable regression models assessed relationships between fat depots, adipokines, HOMA-IR, and hsCRP at week 96.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-four participants maintained viral suppression through 96 weeks (90% male, 29% black, median age 36 years). Serum leptin increased over 96 weeks (mean change 22%) while adiponectin did not (mean change 1%), which did not differ by study arm. Greater trunk, limb, and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat were associated with higher HOMA-IR and hsCRP at 96 weeks, but serum leptin level was a stronger determinant of these endpoints using a mediation model approach. A similar mediating effect was not observed for adiponectin.ConclusionsHigher circulating leptin is associated with greater HOMA-IR and hsCRP independent of fat depot size, suggesting that greater adipocyte lipid content may contribute to impaired glucose tolerance and systemic inflammation among PWH starting antiretroviral therapy.
Impact of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism Among Thai Adolescents With Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sudjaritruk Tavitiya , Bunupuradah Torsak , Aurpibul Linda , Kanjanavanit Suparat , Chotecharoentanan Tawalchaya , Sricharoen Natthanidnan , Ounchanum Pradthana , Suntarattiwong Piyarat , Pornpaisalsakul Krittaporn , Puthanakit Thanyawee ,   CAL-D Study Group, Sudjaritruk T , Aurpibul L , Chotecharoentanan T , Sricharoen N , Puthanakit T , Bunupuradah T , Pornpaisalsakul K , Kanjanavanit S , Ounchanum P , Suntarattiwong P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the impact of vitamin D and calcium supplementation (VitD/Ca) on lumbar spine bone mineral density (LSBMD) and bone metabolism among Thai adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIVA).

Methods
A multicenter, randomized, active-control, open-labeled trial was conducted. PHIVA (aged 10–20 years) who were on stable cART were enrolled. Baseline LSBMD status was defined as low (z-score ≤ −2) and normal (&gt; −2). Eligible PHIVA were randomly assigned to receive standard-dose (400 IU/1200 mg/day) or high-dose (400 IU/1200 mg/day plus ergocalciferol 20 000 IU/week) VitD/Ca supplementation for 48 weeks (ratio 1:1, stratified by baseline LSBMD). Study outcomes were changes in LSBMD, LSBMD z-scores, and bone metabolism–related biomarkers (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH], C-terminal telopeptide [CTX], procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide [PINP]) from baseline to week 48.

Results
Among 200 enrolled PHIVA, median age was 16 (IQR:14–18) years; 61% were on NNRTI-based cART. Median 25(OH)D level was 25.5 (IQR: 20.8–33.0) ng/mL. After 48-week VitD/Ca supplementation, LSBMD significantly increased in both treatment groups (high-dose: median: +0.07 [IQR: +0.04 to +0.11] g/cm2; P &lt; .001; standard-dose: +0.09 [+0.03 to +0.13] g/cm2; P &lt; .001). Notably, the change in LSBMD z-scores was significantly greater in high-dose versus standard-dose groups (median: +0.4 [IQR: −0.1 to +0.9] vs +0.1 [−0.4 to +0.7]; P = .02). Levels of 25(OH)D increased, whereas iPTH, CTX, and PINP declined significantly in both groups (P &lt; .05), but no between-group differences were demonstrated.

Conclusions
Over 48-week VitD/Ca supplementation, significant increases in LSBMD, and significant decreases in bone metabolism–related markers were observed among our Thai PHIVA in both treatment groups. The improvement in LSBMD z-score was more enhanced with high-dose VitD/Ca supplementation than standard-dose. High-dose VitD/Ca supplementation might be considered to promote bone health in this population.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02426840.
Keynes and Knight on uncertainty: peas in a pod or chalk and cheese?
Authors: Packard Mark D , Bylund Per L , Clark Brent B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For many years, the ideas of Knight and Keynes have been widely understood to overlap greatly and they are presumed to have developed notions of uncertainty that deeply intersect, both describing a state where outcomes have non-probabilistic likelihoods. Furthermore, even their political philosophies are historically somewhat homogenised, both considered ‘liberals’. We critically review the historical records and writings of these key scholars with the purpose of dehomogenising their political philosophies, scientific epistemologies and their famous works on uncertainty, published in the same year—1921. We show that neither Keynes nor Knight has been considered fairly by history. Keynes, far from a liberal, was a political socialist who supposed that economic futures could be predicted rationally via deduced probabilities (in an abstract sense) and concluded that expert economists could and should engage in economic planning. Knight, in stark contrast, was something of a radical liberal, holding uncertainty and paradox to be the permeating fact of human existence, which implied, for Knight, significant political and economic complexities far beyond any planner. In short, Knight and Keynes held to radically different philosophic assumptions and, consequently, derived distinctive theories of uncertainty, much further apart than previously supposed. By more fully and accurately placing their ideas within the context of their ideological priors, we gain a stronger sense of how they truly understood the mechanics of economies.
From dishwashing to dishwasher cooking: on social positioning and how users are drawn towards alternative uses of existing technology
Authors: Cardinale Ivano , Runde Jochen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrawing on social positioning theory and using dishwasher cooking as our running example, we examine how users arrive at alternative uses of already-existing technological objects or what we will call ‘user innovations in function’. The first half of the paper provides an abstract account of three forms of structure: social structure, especially as represented by social positions; structures of cognition and action; and the structure of technological objects. The second half theorises user innovations in function as emerging at the nexus of these different forms of structure, with a view to highlighting (i) the pre-reflective and reflective modes of the agency involved; (ii) how these relate to what we call ‘tinkering’ and ‘reflection’ in user innovation; and (iii) the difference between ‘local’ and ‘non-local’ user innovations in function and their possible roots in tinkering or reflection.
Development and Validation of a Novel Indicator of Visual Disability in the National Health and Aging Trends Study
Authors: De Lott Lindsey B , Kolli Ajay , Zhou Yunshu , Hu Mengyao , Ehrlich Joshua R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) is an ongoing, nationally representative panel study of older adults that collects data on health and disability, including measures on self-reported visual disability (SRVD). Prior studies assessing the association of SRVD with other measures of healthy aging have classified participants as having or not having SRVD, which does not capture the full spectrum of SRVD reported by participants. Therefore, we sought to develop and validate an ordinal indicator of SRVD to facilitate research on the impact of late-life SRVD on health and disability in NHATS.

Research Design and Methods
We used 2015 NHATS data with community-dwelling participants who answered survey questions about visual functioning and vision aid use. Based on responses, participants were categorized into one of 6 groups: blind, near and distance SRVD without vision aid use, near and distance SRVD with vision aid use, near or distance SRVD without vision aid use, near or distance SRVD with vision aid use, or no SRVD. Multivariable Poisson regression models assessed convergent validity of the ordinal SRVD scale with functional activity and well-being scores, while adjusting for demographic factors and medical comorbidities.

Results
Of the 7061 eligible individuals, 8.3% (n = 742) reported SRVD. Using our novel ordinal indicator of SRVD in NHATS, higher levels of SRVD were significantly associated with lower functional activity scores (p &lt; .001 for all) and subjective well-being (p &lt; .001), except for participants reporting blindness. Significant differences between SRVD groups were found, which could not be captured using a binary SRVD variable.

Discussion and Implications
A novel 6-level SRVD scale in NHATS demonstrated convergent validity with functional activity and well-being scales. This scale provides a new tool with improved measurement precision to study the impact of late-life SRVD on health and disability in a nationally representative study of older adults.
Implementation of a school-based physical activity intervention for Brazilian adolescents: a mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: da Silva Bandeira Alexsandra , Pizani Juliana , de Sousa Ana Caroline Ferreira Campos , da Silva Jaqueline Aragoni , Minatto Giseli , Barbosa Filho Valter Cordeiro , Silva Kelly Samara 
Published: June 2021

Summary
The effectiveness of physical activity interventions can be improved through examining the aspects related to their implementation. However, little such evidence has been collected, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a school-based physical activity intervention with qualitative and quantitative data from different actors (students, teachers and parents) involved in developing the program. The program was conducted in 2017 with three main components: (i) teacher training, (ii) environmental changes and (iii) educational actions. Mixed-method evaluation was performed by an independent evaluation team using a validated indicator matrix for the implementation process, including the self-reported information of students, teachers and parents, as well as interviews with teachers. In the 3 eligible schools, 350 adolescents (51% girls) answered the implementation questionnaire, as did 45 parents (84% mothers), and 47 teachers (70% female). In the qualitative analysis, 18 teachers participated. Categorical analysis found that the intervention was considered feasible by teachers. In general, teachers had a more positive perception of the implementation than did students. The lack of engagement from the school community and parents and the busy schedule of teachers were indicated to be the main difficulties. In conclusion, despite the teachers’ motivation, some barriers prevented the successful implementation of the program.
Assessing the Impact of Acute Respiratory Illnesses on the Risk of Subsequent Respiratory Illness
Authors: Howard Leigh M , Liu Yuhan , Zhu Yuwei , Liu Dandan , Willams John V , Gil Ana I , Griffin Marie R , Edwards Kathryn M , Lanata Claudio F , Grijalva Carlos G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Whether acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs), often associated with virus detection, are associated with lower risk for subsequent ARI remains unclear. We assessed the association between symptomatic ARI and subsequent ARI in young children.

Methods
In a prospective cohort of Peruvian children &lt;3 years, we examined the impact of index ARI on subsequent ARI risk. Index ARI were matched with ≤3 asymptomatic observations and followed over 28 days. We compared risk of subsequent ARI between groups using conditional logistic regression adjusting for several covariates, accounting for repeat observations from individual children.

Results
Among 983 index ARI, 339 (34%) had an ARI event during follow-up, compared with 876/2826 (31%) matched asymptomatic observations. We found no significant association of index ARI and subsequent ARI risk during follow-up overall (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], .98–1.23) or when limited to index ARI with respiratory viruses detected (aOR, 1.03; 95% CI, .86–1.24). Similarly, when the outcome was limited to ARI in which viruses were detected, no significant association was seen (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, .87–1.27).

Conclusions
ARIs were not associated with short-term protection against subsequent ARI in these children. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to understand drivers of recurrent ARI in young children.