bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy expenditure across immune challenge severities in a lizard: consequences for innate immunity, locomotor performance and oxidative status
Authors: Hudson Spencer B. , Virgin Emily E. , Kepas Megen E. , French Susannah S. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Reptiles, like other vertebrates, rely on immunity to defend themselves from infection. The energetic cost of an immune response is liable to scale with infection severity, prompting constraints on other self-maintenance traits if immune prioritization exceeds energy budget. In this study, adult male side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) were injected with saline (control) or high (20 µg g−1 body mass) or low (10 µg g−1 body mass) concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate bacterial infections of discrete severities. The costs and consequences of the immune response were assessed through comparisons of change in resting metabolic rate (RMR), energy metabolites (glucose, glycerol, triglycerides), innate immunity (bactericidal ability), sprint speed and oxidative status (antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen metabolites). High-LPS lizards had the lowest glucose levels and greatest sprint reductions, while their RMR and bactericidal ability were similar to those of control lizards. Low-LPS lizards had elevated RMR and bactericidal ability, but glucose levels and sprint speed changes between those of high-LPS and control lizards. Levels of glycerol, triglycerides, reactive oxygen metabolites and antioxidant capacity did not differ by treatment. Taken together, energy expenditure for the immune response varies in a non-linear fashion with challenge severity, posing consequences for performance and self-maintenance processes in a reptile.
Globalization of Tanka: How Twitter Contributes to Development of Traditional Japanese Poetry
Authors: Kensuke Koshida 
Published: August 2021

Tanka poems are a representative type of classical Japanese poetry with a long history. Beginning as Waka, which were widely composed starting in the 7th century, today they continue to be produced by people of diverse backgrounds while retaining their ancient characteristics. In other words, tanka poems can be regarded as a valuable part of Japanese cultural heritage that are loved and enjoyed in contemporary Japan.
My paper focuses on the current state of modern tanka and the significance of tanka in contemporary society. In the processes of globalization, the Internet (for example, Twitter and other social media) is becoming the main platform for creating and reading modern tanka. Twitter, in particular, has become the largest such forum and features tanka from all over the world. And more, there are some poets who use Twitter as their main place of work. A similar phenomenon is seen in other social media, and it can be said that social media has had a great impact on modern tanka.
The main conclusion of my paper is that social media has become a global tool for tanka which has been passed as a tradition shaped over centuries from one generation to another. As a result, the traditional framework of social exclusiveness of this poetic genre from ancient times has been removed, leaving an environment where people of any social status can easily create and read tanka and join the tanka community. In other words, because of the impact of social media, the tanka community today has become a melting pot of a wide variety of people, with poets now coming from very different backgrounds.
This indicates that tanka’s character as an aspect of Japan’s cultural heritage is changing, especially among young generations who use social media in their daily life, while still retaining some of its traditional attributes. Tanka is an important genre in Japanese literature, itself a core element of Japanese culture, while possessing, at the same time, the potential to be shared all over the world. Therefore, research on tanka on a global scale offers a potentially significant contribution to Japanese studies.
Hsa_circ_0066523 promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells by repressing PTEN
Authors: Xin Wei , Yuan Shuai , Wang Bo , Qian Qirong , Chen Yi 
Published: August 2021

Aims Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNA that plays major roles in the development of diverse diseases including osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Here, we explored the impact of hsa_circ_0066523 derived from forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) (also called circFOXP1) on bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which is important for ONFH development. Methods RNA or protein expression in BMSCs was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot, respectively. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) were used to analyze cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining, and Alizarin Red S staining were employed to evaluate the osteoblastic differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter, RNA pull down, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were combined for exploring molecular associations. Results Circ_0066523 was upregulated in osteogenic induction process of BMSCs. Silencing circ_0066523 restrained the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, circ_0066523 activated phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase / AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (PI3K/AKT) pathway via recruiting lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B) to epigenetically repress the transcription of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Functionally, AKT signalling pathway agonist or PTEN knockdown counteracted the effects of silenced circ_0066523 on BMSC proliferation and differentiation. Conclusion Circ_0066523 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs by epigenetically repressing PTEN and therefore activating AKT pathway. This finding might open new avenues for the identification of therapeutic targets for osteoblast differentiation related diseases such as ONFH. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(8):526–535.
Localized surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor on gold nanoparticles for Taenia solium detection
Authors: Arcas Ariadny S. , Jaramillo Lizeth , Costa Natália S. , Allil Regina Célia S. B. , Werneck Marcelo M. 
Published: August 2021

This paper describes, for the first time to our knowledge, a fast-response and specific
biosensor for detection of Taenia solium, a parasite
responsible for neurocysticercosis disease that affects the central
nervous system. The biosensor is based on the localized surface
plasmon resonance (LSPR) technique on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in
colloidal suspension that were functionalized and activated with
antibodies to perform an immuno-capture effect. The AuNPs were
synthetized by Turkevich and seed-mediated growth methods. A variety
of concentrations of T. solium antigen
were added to test the detection and the dose-response profile. Small
antigen concentrations were detected indicating that the limit of
detection is lower than 0.1 µg/mL of antigen. The results demonstrate
the potential of the AuNPs LSPR biosensor as a clinical tool for
neurocysticercosis diagnostic.
Dual-logarithmic demodulation method application in a wide gas optical thickness range
Authors: Zhang Zhifeng , Chang Jun , Sun Jiachen , Zhang Qinduan , Fan Yongmei 
Published: August 2021

Direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) is an extremely practical and effective technology to detect gas concentration in site applications. Dual-beam subtraction is one of the most common demodulation methods in DAS, yet this method cannot solve the problem of absolute absorption curve nonlinearization in a wide optical thickness range. A real-time and practical dual-logarithmic demodulation method is proposed and proved to be robust when the optical thickness is much greater than linear region. Moreover, the error of optical thickness peak is only 1.18% between the dual-logarithmic demodulation system and simulation after correcting the dual-beam subtraction demodulation system under a 300 K, 1 atm, and 3 m absorption path. When the range of optical thickness peak of acetylene is from 0.0252 to 2.5335 at 1532.83 nm, the peak voltages always maintain satisfactory linearity (

R

-

s
q
u
a
r
e

=
0.9989

).
Femtosecond laser-induced damage threshold of nematic liquid crystals at 1030  nm
Authors: Ramousse Loic , Chériaux Gilles , Claudet Cyrille , Jullien Aurélie 
Published: August 2021

The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of nematic liquid crystals is
investigated in the femtosecond regime at

≃
1030

n
m

. The thickness and breakdown of
freely suspended thin films (

≃
100

n
m

) of different mixtures (MLC2073,
MLC2132, and E7) is monitored in real time by spectral-domain
interferometry. The duration of laser pulses was varied from 180 fs to
1.8 ps for repetition rates ranging from single shot to 1 MHz. The
dependence of the LIDT with pulse duration suggests a damage mechanism
dominated by ionization mechanisms at low repetition rate and by
linear absorption at high repetition rate. In the single-shot regime,
LIDTs exceeding

1

J

/

c
m

2

are found for the three investigated
mixtures. The LIDT of polyvinyl alcohol is also investigated by the
same method.
Continuous wave vertical emission from terahertz microcavity lasers with a dual injection scheme
Authors: Ottomaniello Andrea , Conte Gloria , Pitanti Alessandro , Vicarelli Leonardo , Profeti Alessandro , Beere Harvey E. , Ritchie David A. , Mattoli Virgilio , Bianco Federica , Tredicucci Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) represent a most promising compact source at terahertz (THz) frequencies, but efficiency of their continuous wave (CW) operation still needs to be improved to achieve large-scale exploitation. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient operation of a subwavelength microcavity laser consisting of two evanescently coupled whispering gallery microdisk resonators. Exploiting a dual injection scheme for the laser cavity, single mode CW vertical emission at

3.3

THz

is obtained at

10

K

with

6.4

mA

threshold current and

145

mW/A

slope efficiency up to

320

μ

W

emitted power measured in quasi-CW mode. The tuning of the laser emission directionality is also obtained by independently varying the pumping strength between the microdisks. By connecting the resonators through a suspended gold bridge, the laser out-coupling efficiency in the vertical direction is strongly enhanced. Owing to the high brightness, low-power consumption and CW operation, the proposed microcavity laser design could allow the realization of high-performance CW THz QCLs ready for massive parallelization.
Widely tunable silicon-fiber laser at 2  µm
Authors: Vallée Jean-Michel , Jean Philippe , Guay Philippe , Fortin Vincent , Genest Jérôme , Bernier Martin , Shi Wei 
Published: August 2021

Laser sources operating in the 2 µm spectral region play an important role for sensing and spectroscopy, and potentially for optical communication systems. In this work, we demonstrate a widely tunable hybrid silicon-fiber laser operating in the 2 µm band. By introducing a silicon-integrated Vernier filter in a fiber laser, we achieved continuous wavelength tuning over a range of 100 nm, from 1970 to 2070 nm. Fiber-coupled output power up to 28 mW was measured with a full-width-half-maximum linewidth smaller than 260 kHz and a side-mode-suppression ratio greater than 40 dB over the spectral range.
Particles 3D tracking with large axial depth by using the 2π-DH-PSF
Authors: Li Hangfeng , Wang Famin , Wei Tongda , Miao Xin , Cheng Yu , Pang Xinpei , Jiang Keming , Huang Wei , Zhang Yunhai 
Published: August 2021

We propose a

2

π

-double-helix point spread function (

2

π

-DH-PSF) using the Fresnel zone approach that can rotate

2

π

rad. When 16 Fresnel zones are used, the particles can be tracked in the axial range of 10 µm in a

100

×

microscopy imaging system (

N
A

=

1.4

,

λ
=

514

n
m

). We measured the diffusion coefficient of nanospheres in different concentrations of glycerol with the

2

π

-DH-PSF, and the error between the measured results and theoretical value was within 10%, indicating the superior performance of

2

π

-DH-PSF in 3D localization imaging of nanoparticles. When combined with the defocus phase, the rotation angle can reach

4

π

rad, four times that of the conventional DH-PSF.
High-performance, compact optical standard
Authors: Newman Zachary L. , Maurice Vincent , Fredrick Connor , Fortier Tara , Leopardi Holly , Hollberg Leo , Diddams Scott A. , Kitching John , Hummon Matthew T. 
Published: August 2021

We describe a high-performance, compact optical frequency standard
based on a microfabricated Rb vapor cell and a low-noise, external
cavity diode laser operating on the Rb two-photon transition at
778 nm. The optical standard achieves an instability of

1.8
×

10

−
13

τ

−
1

/

2

for times less than 100 s and a
flicker noise floor of

1
×

10

−
14

out to 6000 s. At long integration
times, the instability is limited by variations in optical probe power
and the ac Stark shift. The retrace was measured to

5.7
×

10

−
13

after 30 h of dormancy. Such a
simple, yet high-performance optical standard could be suitable as an
accurate realization of the meter or, if coupled with an optical
frequency comb, as a compact atomic clock comparable to a hydrogen
maser.
Photonic generation of high-performance microwave frequency combs using an optically injected semiconductor laser with dual-loop optoelectronic feedback
Authors: Zhang Renheng , Zhou Pei , Li Kunxi , Bao Hualong , Li Nianqiang 
Published: August 2021

An approach to generating microwave frequency combs (MFCs) with superior performance is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on an optically injected semiconductor laser (OISL). The OISL operates at the period-one (P1) oscillation state under proper injection conditions. A sinusoidal voltage signal is used to modulate the P1 state for the initial MFC generation, and then two optoelectronic feedback loops are introduced to enhance the performance of the MFC: a short-delay feedback loop is firstly applied to improve comb contrast based on Fourier domain mode locking (FDML), and a long-delay feedback loop is added to reduce the comb linewidth based on the self-injection-locking technique. In the proof-of-concept experiment, a K-band MFC (18–26 GHz) with a line spacing of 8.45 MHz is obtained, where a comb linewidth of approximately 500 Hz and a comb contrast over 45 dB are simultaneously achieved. Additionally, each comb component exhibits superior performance in terms of phase noise, all below

−

90

d
B
c

/

H
z

at 10 kHz offset, demonstrating an excellent coherence among these combs.
8.75  Gbps visible light communication link using an artificial neural network equalizer and a single-pixel blue micro-LED
Authors: Wei Zixian , Liu Zhongxu , Liu Xin , Wang Lei , Wang Lai , Yu Changyuan , Fu H. Y. 
Published: August 2021

Visible light communication (VLC) beyond 10 Gbps is an important characteristic that can support the future 6 G high-capacity requirements. On the one hand, in order to break the electro-optics (E-O) bandwidth limitation of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs), we fabricated two high-bandwidth (

>

g
i
g
a
h
e
r
t
z

) single wetting layer micro-LEDs with 50 and 75 µm active regions. On the other hand, for mitigating the nonlinear effects of the VLC system, an artificial neural network equalizer is designed and implemented in offline digital signal processing. Both efforts lead to a breakthrough of data rates at a single VLC link. Using quadrature phase shift keying orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, the data rate of a 1.025 GHz VLC link based on a 75 µm micro-LED can reach 8.75 Gbps with a bit-error-ratio (BER) of

2.73
×

10

−
3

. In addition, the E-O characteristics and communication performances of micro-LED with two diameters are compared and discussed. To the best of our knowledge, the data rate of 8.75 Gbps is the highest record of the VLC link based on a single-pixel blue micro-LED with a BER within the forward error correction citation of

3.8
×

10

−
3

.
Tunable lens using dielectric elastomer sandwiched by transparent conductive liquid
Authors: Cheng Yang , Chen Chuanxun , Cao Jie , Bao Chun , Yang Ao , Hao Qun 
Published: August 2021

We propose and demonstrate a compact tunable lens with high transmittance using a dielectric elastomer sandwiched by transparent conductive liquid. The transparent conductive liquid not only serves as the refractive material of the tunable lens but also works as the compliant electrode of the dielectric elastomer. The overall dimensions of the proposed tunable lens are 16 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height, and the optical transmittance is as high as 92.2% at 380–760 nm. The focal power variation of the tunable lens is

−

23.71

D

at an actuation voltage of 3.0 kV. The rise and fall times are 60 ms and 185 ms, respectively. The fabrication process of the tunable lens is free of the deposition of opaque compliant electrodes. Such a tunable lens promises a potential solution in various compact imaging systems.
Ultrafast 2 × 2 green micro-LED array for optical wireless communication beyond 5  Gbit/s
Authors: Lin Gong-Ru , Kuo Hao-Chung , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Wu Yi-Chien , Huang Yu-Ming , Liou Fang-Jyun , Lee Yi-Che 
Published: August 2021

A green

2
×
2

micro light-emitting diode (

μ
-
LED

) array with nanostructured grating patterns grown on a semipolar (20-21)-oriented gallium nitride (GaN) buffered layer on (22-43)-oriented sapphire substrate is specially transistor-outline can (TO-can) packaged with a sub-miniature-A (SMA) connector for high-speed data communication beyond 5 Gbit/s. Through a specific design for suppressing the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) in the green

2
×
2

μ
-
LED

array with a low polarization-related electric field and flat quantum well band diagram, the green

2
×
2

μ
-
LED

array exhibits a turn-on voltage of 2.5 V and output power of 0.3 mW at

1

A
/

cm

2

. The green

2
×
2

μ
-
LED

array also reveals a wavelength shift from 543 nm to 537 nm smaller than that of conventional devices grown on

c

-plane buffered GaN substrate due to the inhibited QCSE. The 50 µm emission aperture of the green

2
×
2

μ
-
LED

array ensures a lower capacitance for a larger

−
3

dB

modulation bandwidth, which exhibits

−
1

dB

power compression at a larger bias under high-speed operation, as it is less affected by the high resistance of the single

μ
-
LED

element. With a specific TO-can+SMA package, the green

2
×
2

μ
-
LED

array exhibits maximal data rates exceeding 1.5 Gbit/s for the non-return-to-zero on–off keying format and beyond 5.02 Gbit/s for the bit-loaded discrete multitone (BL-DMT) format, which is very promising for optical wireless communication. As the sampling rate increases from 4 GSa/s to 16 GSa/s, the

μ
-
LED

array’s received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improves dramatically from 15.4 dB to 12.2 dB. The SNR remains about 15.4 dB, with a matching bit-error ratio (BER) of

2.7
×

10

−
3

, whereas the 10-fold oversampling of the eight-ray quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (8-QAM OFDM) data stream with 16 GSa/s appears to reduce the SNR by

−
3

dB

, resulting in a decoded BER of

3.3
×

10

−
3

. The green

2
×
2

μ
-
LED

array has demonstrated greater potential in data transmission beyond 5 Gbit/s using the BL-DMT algorithm for future applications in domains of visible light communication or optical wireless communication when packaged with handed mobile devices.
Clusters of cause specific neonatal mortality and its association with per capita gross domestic product: A structured spatial analytical approach
Authors: Testoni Costa-Nobre Daniela , Kawakami Mandira Daripa , Areco Kelsy Catherina Nema , Sanudo Adriana , Balda Rita Cassia Xavier , Marinonio Ana Sílvia Scavacini , Miyoshi Milton Harumi , Konstantyner Tulio , Bandiera-Paiva Paulo , Freitas Rosa Maria Vieira , Morais Liliam Cristina Correia , Teixeira Mônica La Porte , Waldvogel Bernadette , Almeida Maria Fernanda Branco de , Guinsburg Ruth , Kiffer Carlos Roberto Veiga 
Published: August 2021

Background
Infant mortality rate is a measure of population health and neonatal mortality account for great proportion of these deaths. Underdevelopment might be associated to higher neonatal mortality risk due to assistant related factors. Spatial and temporal distribution of mortality help identifying and developing strategies for interventions.

Objective
To investigate the cluster areas of asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality and to explore its association with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in São Paulo State (SP), Brazil.

Methods
Ecological study including live births residents in SP from 2004–2013. Neonatal deaths (0–27 days) with perinatal asphyxia were defined as intrauterine hypoxia, birth asphyxia or meconium aspiration syndrome written in any line of the Death Certificate. Geoprocessing analytical approach included detection of first order effects through quintiles and spatial moving average maps, followed by second order effects by global and local spatial autocorrelation (Moran and LISA, respectively) before and after smoothing with local Bayesian estimates. Finally, Spearman correlation was applied between asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality and mean per capita GDP rates for the municipalities with significant LISA.

Results
There were 6,713 asphyxia-associated neonatal deaths among 5,949,267 live births (rate: 1.13/1000) in SP. Spatial moving average maps showed a non-random distribution among municipalities, with presence of clusters (I = 0.048; p = 0.023). LISA map identified clusters of asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality in the south, southeast and northwest. After applying local Bayes estimates, clusters were more pronounced (I = 0.589; p = 0.001). There was a partial overlap of the areas of higher asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality and lower mean per capita GDP.

Conclusions
Spatial analysis identified cluster areas of high asphyxia-associated neonatal mortality and low per capita GDP rates, with a significant negative correlation. This optimized, structured, and hierarchical approach to identify high-risk areas of cause-specific neonatal mortality may be helpful for guiding public health efforts to decrease neonatal mortality.