bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early warnings of COVID-19 outbreaks across Europe from social media
Authors: Lopreite Milena , Panzarasa Pietro , Puliga Michelangelo , Riccaboni Massimo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe analyze data from Twitter to uncover early-warning signals of COVID-19 outbreaks in Europe in the winter season 2019–2020, before the first public announcements of local sources of infection were made. We show evidence that unexpected levels of concerns about cases of pneumonia were raised across a number of European countries. Whistleblowing came primarily from the geographical regions that eventually turned out to be the key breeding grounds for infections. These findings point to the urgency of setting up an integrated digital surveillance system in which social media can help geo-localize chains of contagion that would otherwise proliferate almost completely undetected.
Novel myostatin-specific antibody enhances muscle strength in muscle disease models
Authors: Muramatsu Hiroyasu , Kuramochi Taichi , Katada Hitoshi , Ueyama Atsunori , Ruike Yoshinao , Ohmine Ken , Shida-Kawazoe Meiri , Miyano-Nishizawa Rie , Shimizu Yuichiro , Okuda Momoko , Hori Yuji , Hayashi Madoka , Haraya Kenta , Ban Nobuhiro , Nonaka Tatsuya , Honda Masaki , Kitamura Hidetomo , Hattori Kunihiro , Kitazawa Takehisa , Igawa Tomoyuki , Kawabe Yoshiki , Nezu Junichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMyostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is an attractive target for muscle disease therapy because of its role as a negative regulator of muscle growth and strength. Here, we describe a novel antibody therapeutic approach that maximizes the potential of myostatin-targeted therapy. We generated an antibody, GYM329, that specifically binds the latent form of myostatin and inhibits its activation. Additionally, via “sweeping antibody technology”, GYM329 reduces or “sweeps” myostatin in the muscle and plasma. Compared with conventional anti-myostatin agents, GYM329 and its surrogate antibody exhibit superior muscle strength-improvement effects in three different mouse disease models. We also demonstrate that the superior efficacy of GYM329 is due to its myostatin specificity and sweeping capability. Furthermore, we show that a GYM329 surrogate increases muscle mass in normal cynomolgus monkeys without any obvious toxicity. Our findings indicate the potential of GYM329 to improve muscle strength in patients with muscular disorders.
An extended Weight Kernel Density Estimation model forecasts COVID-19 onset risk and identifies spatiotemporal variations of lockdown effects in China
Authors: Shi Wenzhong , Tong Chengzhuo , Zhang Anshu , Wang Bin , Shi Zhicheng , Yao Yepeng , Jia Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is important to forecast the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset and thereby evaluate how effectively the city lockdown measure could reduce this risk. This study is a first comprehensive, high-resolution investigation of spatiotemporal heterogeneities on the effect of the Wuhan lockdown on the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset in 347 Chinese cities. An extended Weight Kernel Density Estimation model was developed to predict the COVID-19 onset risk under two scenarios (i.e., with and without the Wuhan lockdown). The Wuhan lockdown, compared with the scenario without lockdown implementation, in general, delayed the arrival of the COVID-19 onset risk peak for 1–2 days and lowered risk peak values among all cities. The decrease of the onset risk attributed to the lockdown was more than 8% in over 40% of Chinese cities, and up to 21.3% in some cities. Lockdown was the most effective in areas with medium risk before lockdown.
An empirical approach to frequency droop characterization from utility‐scale photovoltaic plants operation in a power system
Authors: Arzani Ali , Venayagamoorthy Ganesh K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPV plant power excursions can have adverse implications on grid frequency. This phenomenon is observable due to inherently uncertain cloud transients across a local PV plant. Hence, provision of decision‐based controllers for centralized power inverters becomes imperative for supporting local grid operations. Such controllers can be improved to better counteract minutes‐based PV power deviations from its stable equilibrium. Thus, grid frequency deviations require further investigation at PV plant point of interconnection to the grid. In this research, single and spatially distributed utility‐scale PV plants operation is studied on a real‐time power system simulator, under fast‐changing meteorological conditions at different PV site loading levels (). Software‐in‐the‐loop Monte Carlo simulation is conducted and an empirical approach is proposed for characterizing minutes‐based variations in grid frequency originating from PV plant operation, that is, power fluctuations at different . The power−frequency curve obtained at the PV site can be incorporated in form of an empirical frequency droop function in characteristics curve of adjacent auxiliary power source(s). A prominent feature of this adaptive frequency droop is that it considers PV site loading levels during different hours, giving it leverage over common practice constant droop(s). A hardware‐in‐the‐loop platform is presented allowing field derivation of adaptive frequency droop curves using hardware PMU time‐series data analytics.
Diagnoses for People with Heart Disease Using Interactive Multimedia
Authors: Paryati  
Published: January 2021

Cardiovascular attack (heart) is the death of the heart muscle due to a sudden obstruction of the coronary artery by blood clotting. Wounds on the heart muscle cause chest pain and pressure. If blood flow is not restored again within 20 to 40 minutes, then the death of the heart muscle will no longer begin to occur. The muscle continues to die six to eight hours at a time when the heart attack is completely. Ruptured plaque creates blood clots. If the blood clot is large enough it can close the entire artery resulting in a heart attack. Most cardiovascular diseases are caused by high blood pressure. So the authors made cardiovascular detection research using interactive multimedia with rich internet application method.
The software that supports in the creation of this application is Adobe Flash CS3, Action script as well as Dreamweaver. The methodology system development is multimedia with concept stages, design, material collecting, assembly, testing.
This application aims to disease, causes, various diseases, symptoms, ways of prevention and treatment methods. be utilized as a medium of information and learning for cardiovascular people and for users about the definition of cardiovascular.
Magnetic flexible endoscope for colonoscopy: an initial learning curve analysis
Authors: Mamunes Alexander P. , Campisano Federico , Martin James , Scaglioni Bruno , Mazomenos Evangelos , Valdastri Pietro , Obstein Keith L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Colonoscopy is a technically challenging procedure that requires extensive training to minimize discomfort and avoid trauma due to its drive mechanism. Our academic team developed a magnetic flexible endoscope (MFE) actuated by magnetic coupling under supervisory robotic control to enable a front-pull maneuvering mechanism, with a motion controller user interface, to minimize colon wall stress and potentially reduce the learning curve. We aimed to evaluate this learning curve and understand the user experience.
Methods Five novices (no endoscopy experience), five experienced endoscopists, and five experienced MFE users each performed 40 trials on a model colon using 1:1 block randomization between a pediatric colonoscope (PCF) and the MFE. Cecal intubation (CI) success, time to cecum, and user experience (NASA task load index) were measured. Learning curves were determined by the number of trials needed to reach minimum and average proficiency—defined as the slowest average CI time by an experienced user and the average CI time by all experienced users, respectively.
Results MFE minimum proficiency was achieved by all five novices (median 3.92 trials) and five experienced endoscopists (median 2.65 trials). MFE average proficiency was achieved by four novices (median 14.21 trials) and four experienced endoscopists (median 7.00 trials). PCF minimum and average proficiency levels were achieved by only one novice. Novices’ perceived workload with the MFE significantly improved after obtaining minimum proficiency.
Conclusions The MFE has a short learning curve for users with no prior experience—requiring relatively few attempts to reach proficiency and at a reduced perceived workload.
Premedication with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine for improving mucosal visibility during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a Western population
Authors: Manfredi Guido , Bertè Roberto , Iiritano Elena , Alicante Saverio , Londoni Claudio , Brambilla Giancarlo , Romeo Samanta , Menozzi Fernanda , Griffanti Paola , Brandi Giovanna , Moreschi Oliva , Pezzilli Raffaele , Zullo Angelo , Buscarini Elisabetta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and study aim Pre-endoscopic use of a preparation with tensioactive and mucolytic agents improved gastric mucosa visualization in Eastern studies. Data on Western population are scanty.
Patients and methods This prospective, endoscopist-blinded, randomized study enrolled patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy in a single center. Before endoscopy patients, were randomized to receive or not receive an oral preparation with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine in water. A pretested score (Crema Stomach Cleaning Score [CSCS]) for gastric mucosa cleaning evaluation was used. In detail, the stomach was divided into the antrum, body, and fundus and a score of 1 to 3 was assigned to each part (the higher the score, the better the preparation), and a total value ≤ 5 was considered as insufficient. Time between endoscope insertion and clean achievement (mouth to clean time) or the end of examination (mouth to mouth time) was recorded.
Results A total of 197 patients were enrolled. The mean overall CSCS value and mucosal cleaning in all parts was better in treated patients than in controls. Prevalence total score ≤ 5 was significantly lower in patients treated before endoscopy. Need for water flush occurred less frequently in treated patients (P < 0.0001). The mouth to clean time was lower in the treated than in the control group (2.3 ± 1.6 vs 3.8 ± 1.6 min; P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference in mouth to mouth time emerged.
Conclusions Data from this study show that premedication with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine results in significantly better endoscopic visualization of gastric mucosa, and the proposed CSCS could be useful for standardizing this evaluation.
Quality performance measures for small capsule endoscopy: Are the ESGE quality standards met?
Authors: Rondonotti Emanuele , Spada Cristiano , Cadoni Sergio , Cannizzaro Renato , Calabrese Carlo , de Franchis Roberto , Elli Luca , Girelli Carlo Maria , Hassan Cesare , Marmo Riccardo , Riccioni Maria Elena , Oliva Salvatore , Scarpulla Giuseppe , Soncini Marco , Vecchi Maurizio , Pennazio Marco ,   “RAVE Study Group”
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recently issued a quality performance measures document for small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). The aim of this nationwide survey was to explore SBCE practice with ESGE quality measures as a benchmark.Patients and methods A dedicated per-center semi-quantitative questionnaire based on ESGE performance measures for SBCE was created by a group of SBCE experts. One-hundred-eighty-one centers were invited to participate and were asked to calculate performance measures for SBCE performed in 2018. Data were compared with 10 ESGE quality standards for both key and minor performance measures.Results Ninety-one centers (50.3 %) participated in the data collection. Overall in the last 5 years (2014–2018), 26,615 SBCEs were performed, 5917 of which were done in 2018. Eighty percent or more of the participating centers reached the minimum standard established by the ESGE Small Bowel Working Group (ESBWG) for four performance measures (indications for SBCE, complete small bowel evaluation, diagnostic yield and retention rate). Conversely, compliance with six minimum standards established by ESBWG concerning adequate bowel preparation, patient selection, timing of SBCE in overt bleeding, appropriate reporting, reading protocols and referral to device-assisted enteroscopy was met by only 15.5 %, 10.9 %, 31.1 %, 67.7 %, 53.4 %, and 32.2 % of centers, respectively.Conclusions The present survey shows significant variability across SBCE centers; only four (4/10: 40 %) SBCE procedural minimum standards were met by a relevant proportion of the centers ( ≥ 80 %). Our data should help in identifying target areas for quality improvement programs in SBCE.
Zwischen Ökonomisierung und Versorgungssicherheit: Die stationäre Pädiatrie im ländlichen Raum
Authors: Holbe Fabian , Walus Andreas 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungAuf Grundlage der aktuellen Krankenhausfinanzierung ist der wirtschaftliche Betrieb kleiner Abteilungen nur unzureichend möglich. Die Sicherung des Facharztstandards „rund um die Uhr“ in den Abteilungen führt zu hohen Fixkosten. Die Vergütung durch das Fallpauschalensystem wird zurzeit anhand der Kostenrechnung spezialisierter Leistungserbringer und großer Kliniken berechnet. Im Gegensatz zu den basisversorgenden kleineren Abteilungen bedeutet für große Einrichtungen die Aufrechterhaltung einer Grundversorgung nur einen prozentual geringeren Kostenanteil. Einer politischen Einflussnahe auf das System der Krankenhausfinanzierung sind rechtliche und ökonomische Grenzen gesetzt.Eine Übernahme eines privaten Krankenhauses in kommunale Trägerschaft kann, sollte die Versorgungssicherheit gefährdet sein, unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen diskutiert werden. Neben Qualitätsindikatoren muss zur Übernahme eines Krankenhauses dem kommunalwirtschaftlichen Subsidiaritätsprinzip entsprochen werden. Auch unter kommunaler Trägerschaft muss nach wirtschaftlicher Effizienz gearbeitet werden. Fraglich hierbei ist, ob es einem kommunalen Träger gelingt, eine höhere Effizienz zu erreichen als ein großer privater Krankenhauskonzern. Eine Kostenumverteilung auf den kommunalen Träger wäre eine mögliche Folge. Unter Beibehaltung der aktuellen Krankenhausfinanzierung werden kleine Krankenhäuser im ländlichen Raum benachteiligt. Personelle Engpässe verschärfen die Situation zusätzlich. Mit den Mechanismen des freien Marktes ist nicht davon auszugehen, dass private Krankenhausbetreiber ein gesteigertes Interesse am Betrieb entsprechender Kliniken haben. Eine (Re)Kommunalisierung bei gleichem Finanzierungsmodell ermöglicht voraussichtlich auch keinen wirtschaftlicheren Betrieb, erscheint aber aus politischen Erwägungen als eine Option.Es bedarf Änderungen im System der Krankenhausfinanzierung, wenn einer weiteren Benachteiligung des ländlichen Raums bzw. dem Abbau der medizinischen Versorgungssicherheit entgegengewirkt werden soll.
Primary and secondary school teachers’ perceptions of their social science training needs
Authors: Sánchez-Ibáñez Raquel , Guerrero-Romera Catalina , Miralles-Martínez Pedro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompetency-based education is one of the challenges currently faced by social science teachers. At present, there is an abundance of research on competencies relating to the social sciences which favour the development of historical thinking among learners. The ongoing training of teachers is of vital importance when it comes to shifting the method of teaching towards approaches which focus more on the learner, which favour the teaching of historical contents and competences aimed at forming a critical citizenship. For this reason, the two objectives of this study are to discover which disciplinary contents are considered by teachers to be most relevant for the teaching of history and what training is required by teachers who give social science classes in primary and secondary education in Spain. The research is a non-experimental mixed-methods study. In order to achieve the first objective, a quantitative analysis has been carried out of the data obtained from a questionnaire with a Likert-type scale administered to 332 primary and secondary teachers in Spain. To achieve the second objective, the information obtained from 12 interviews with primary and secondary school teachers in Spain has been analysed in a qualitative way. The results obtained indicate that teachers update their disciplinary knowledge via scientific journals and that they are interested in receiving training in historical thinking skills, active learning methods and ICT resources. Based on these training needs, it is concluded that teachers currently envisage a teaching model in the social sciences which is more competency-based and focused on the active participation of the learner.
Adolescent Caffeine Consumption and Aggressive Behavior: A Longitudinal Assessment
Authors: Kristjansson Alfgeir L. , Kogan Steven M. , James Jack E. , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora 
Published: January 2021

Background Adolescent caffeine consumption has been linked to aggressive behaviors, although no longitudinal tests have been reported to date. The purpose of this study was to test the longitudinal relations between daily adolescent caffeine consumption and aggressive behaviors. Methods Two waves of survey data collected 12 months apart in the spring of 2018 and 2019, from the 2004 birth cohort in the Icelandic LIFECOURSE study, were analyzed using structural equation modeling ( N = 2,278). Both direct and mediated models were employed. Results Caffeine use at time 1 (T1) was associated with aggressive behavior at time 2 (T2) ( β = .12, p < .001) independent of aggressive behavior at T1. A considerable added relation was observed between caffeine at T1 and aggressive behavior at T2 via indirect (i.e., mediated) effects of aggressive behavior at T1 (standardized β = .20, p < .001). Over 64% of the standardized total effect ( β = .31) observed between caffeine at T1 and aggressive behavior at T2 was due to mediation. Conclusion Adolescent caffeine consumption forecasts aggressive behaviors. Caffeine use at T1 increased the likelihood of self-reported aggressive behaviors 12 months later irrespective of level of reported aggressive behavior at T1 while controlling for common confounders.
Introducing physical warp drives
Authors: Bobrick Alexey , Martire Gianni 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Alcubierre warp drive is an exotic solution in general relativity. It allows for superluminal travel at the cost of enormous amounts of matter with negative mass density. For this reason, the Alcubierre warp drive has been widely considered unphysical. In this study, we develop a model of a general warp drive spacetime in classical relativity that encloses all existing warp drive definitions and allows for new metrics without the most serious issues present in the Alcubierre solution. We present the first general model for subliminal positive-energy, spherically symmetric warp drives; construct superluminal warp-drive solutions which satisfy quantum inequalities; provide optimizations for the Alcubierre metric that decrease the negative energy requirements by two orders of magnitude; and introduce a warp drive spacetime in which space capacity and the rate of time can be chosen in a controlled manner. Conceptually, we demonstrate that any warp drive, including the Alcubierre drive, is a shell of regular or exotic material moving inertially with a certain velocity. Therefore, any warp drive requires propulsion. We show that a class of subluminal, spherically symmetric warp drive spacetimes, at least in principle, can be constructed based on the physical principles known to humanity today
Force-free magnetosphere attractors for near-horizon extreme and near-extreme limits of Kerr black hole
Authors: Camilloni Filippo , Grignani Gianluca , Harmark Troels , Oliveri Roberto , Orselli Marta 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We propose a new approach to find magnetically-dominated force-free (FF) magnetospheres around highly spinning black holes, relevant for models of astrophysical jets. Employing the near-horizon extreme Kerr (NHEK) limit of the Kerr black hole, any stationary, axisymmetric and regular FF magnetosphere reduces to the same attractor solution in the NHEK limit with null electromagnetic field strength. We use this attractor solution as the universal starting point for perturbing away from the NHEK region in the extreme Kerr spacetime. We demonstrate that by going to second order in perturbation theory, it is possible to find magnetically dominated magnetospheres around the extreme Kerr black hole. Furthermore, we consider the near-horizon near-extreme Kerr (near-NHEK) limit that provides access to a different regime of highly spinning black holes. Also in this case we find a novel FF attractor, which can be used as the universal starting point for a perturbative construction of FF magnetospheres. Finally, we discuss the relation between the NHEK and near-NHEK attractors.
CutLang as an analysis description language for introducing students to analyses in particle physics
Authors: Adıgüzel A , Çakır O , Kaya Ü , Özcan V E , Öztürk S , Sekmen S , Türk Çakır İ , Ünel G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The fifth edition of the ‘Computing Applications in Particle Physics’ school was held on 3–7 February 2020, at İstanbul University, Turkey. This particular edition focused on the processing of simulated data from the large hadron collider collisions using an analysis description language and its runtime interpreter called CutLang. 24 undergraduate and 6 graduate students were initiated to collider data analysis during the school. After 3 days of lectures and exercises, the students were grouped into teams of 3 or 4 and each team was assigned an analysis publication from ATLAS or CMS experiments. After 1.5 days of independent study, each team was able to reproduce the assigned analysis using CutLang.
Quantum defect-assisted multiphonon Raman scattering in metal halide perovskites
Authors: Wang Zi-Wu , Sun Yong , Cui Yu , Xiao Yao , Deng Jia-Pei , Xiong Wen , Li Zhi-Qing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Quantum defects are essential to understand the non-radiative recombination processes in metal halide perovskites-based photovoltaic devices, in which Huang–Rhys factor, reflecting the coupling strength between the charge carrier and optical phonons, plays a key role in determining the non-radiative recombination via multiphonon processes. Herein, we theoretically present multiphonon Raman scattering intermediated by defects arising from the charge carrier of defect coupled with the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon in the deformation potential and Fr

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hlich mechanisms, respectively. We find that the Raman scattering shows multiple LO phonon overtones at equal interval LO phonons, where Huang–Rhys factor could be evaluated by the order of the strongest overtone. Meanwhile, we give the combinational multiphonon scattering between two mechanisms. Different types of the combinational modes with the weak scattering intensities provide a possible explanation for the long non-radiative charges-carrier lifetimes in metal halide perovskites.
Stability analysis of two-fluid dark energy models
Authors: Mishra B , Esmaeili Fakhereh Md , Ray Pratik P , Tripathy S K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have studied the stability of the cosmological models with dark energy and combination of matter fields and dark energy in an anisotropic space time. The pressure anisotropy along the spatial directions are derived and its stability in each direction has been examined. The four models presented here, show its stability on certain spatial direction. The role of matter field on the stability analysis has been obtained. The positive and negative value of cosmic string completely changed the stability behaviour of the model. The presence of a magnetic field disturbs the stability aspects of the models at least in an early epoch.