bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of a food frequency questionnaire for the estimation of total polyphenol intake estimates and its major food sources in the Japanese population: the JPHC FFQ Validation Study
Authors: Mori Nagisa , Sawada Norie , Ishihara Junko , Kotemori Ayaka , Takachi Ribeka , Murai Utako , Kobori Masuko , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We examine the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a subsample of participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study using a database of polyphenol-containing foods commonly consumed in the Japanese population. Participants of the validation study were recruited from two different cohorts. In Cohort I, 215 participants completed a 28-d dietary record (DR) and the FFQ, and in Cohort II, 350 participants completed DRs and the FFQ. The total polyphenol intake estimated from the 28-d DR and FFQ were log-transformed and adjusted for energy intake by the residual method. Spearman correlation coefficients (CCs) between estimates from the FFQ and 28-d DR as well as two FFQs administered at a 1-year interval were computed. Median intakes of dietary polyphenols calculated from the DRs were 1172 mg/d for men and 1024 mg/d for women in Cohort I, and 1061 mg/d for men and 942 mg/d for women in Cohort II. The de-attenuated CCs for polyphenol intake between the DR and FFQ were 0⋅47 for men and 0⋅37 for women in Cohort I and 0⋅44 for men and 0⋅50 for women in Cohort II. Non-alcoholic beverages were the main contributor to total polyphenol intake in both men and women, accounting for 50 % of total polyphenol intake regardless of cohort and gender, followed by alcoholic beverages and seasoning and spices in men, and seasoning and spices, fruits and other vegetables in women. The present study showed that this FFQ had moderate validity and reproducibility and is suitable for use in future epidemiological studies.
Reevaluating the Role of Ideology in Chile
Authors: Visconti Giancarlo 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTVoters’ ideological stances have long been considered one of the most important factors for understanding electoral choices in Chile. In recent years, however, the literature has begun to call this premise into question, due to several changes in the Chilean political landscape: the current crisis of representation, the high programmatic congruence between the two main coalitions, the decline in the political relevance of the dictatorship, and the rise of nonprogrammatic electoral strategies. In addition to these transformations, Chile switched to voluntary voting in 2012. This article studies whether ideology still informs electoral choices in Chile in an era of voluntary voting. It implements a conjoint survey experiment in low-to-middle-income neighborhoods in Santiago, where voters would be expected to be less ideological. It shows that candidates’ ideological labels are crucial for understanding the electoral decisions of a large part of the sample, particularly among likely voters.
Comparison of the effect of soya protein and whey protein on body composition: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Piri Damaghi Masoome , Mirzababaei Atieh , Moradi Sajjad , Daneshzad Elnaz , Tavakoli Atefeh , Clark Cain C.T. , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEssential amino acids (EAA) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soya and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published randomised clinical trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soya protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soya protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all randomised clinical trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soya protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations were calculated using random effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. After excluding non-relevant articles, ten studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation (weighted mean difference (WMD: 0·91; 95 % CI 0·15, 1·67; P = 0·019). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soya protein supplementation and body composition parameters. Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage.
The closing formula of the Old Phrygian epitaph B-07 in the light of the Aramaic KAI 318: a case of textual convergence in Daskyleion
Authors: Obrador-Cursach Bartomeu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAfter an overview of the multilingual epigraphy of Daskyleion during the Achaemenid period, this paper focuses on the closing formula shared by the Aramaic KAI 318 and the Old Phrygian B-07 epitaphs, which consists of a warning not to harm the funerary monument. Comparison of the two inscriptions sheds light on the cryptic Old Phrygian B-07, the sole Old Phrygian epitaph known. As a result, the paper provides new Phrygian forms, like the possible first-person singular umno=tan, ‘I adjure you’, and a new occurrence of the Phrygian god Ti-, ‘Zeus’, together with a second possible occurrence of Devos, ‘God’, equated to Bel and Nabu of the Aramaic inscription.
TheCanada–China FIPPA: Its Uniqueness and Non-Reciprocity
Authors: van Harten Gus 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe Canada–China Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (China FIPPA)is novel and, in key respects, non-reciprocal in favour of China. For example, it would provide a general right of market access by Chinese investors to Canada but not by Canadian investors to China; allow wider scope for investment screening by China than by Canada; omit a long-standing Canadian reservation for performance requirements that favour Aboriginal peoples; and dilute Canada’s established position on transparency in investor-state arbitration. These and other textual aspects of theChina FIPPAare highlighted in comparison to other trade and investment treaties, especially those to which Canada is a party, that provide for investorstate arbitration. TheChina FIPPAis also examined in the current economic context of investment flows between Canada and China. The article responds partly to claims by Canadian trade officials that theChina FIPPAis unremarkable because it simply continues Canada’s past foreign investment promotion and protection practice.
DO LEARNERS CONNECT SOCIOPHONETIC VARIATION WITH REGIONAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS?
Authors: Chappell Whitney , Kanwit Matthew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLearners must develop the ability to perceive linguistic and social meaning in their second language (L2) to interact effectively, but relatively little is known about how learners link social meaning to a single phonetic variable. Using a matched-guise test targeting coda /s/ (realized as [s] or debuccalized [h]), we explore whether L2 Spanish learners identify native speakers’ social characteristics based on phonetic variants. Our results indicate that advanced learners were more sensitive to sociophonetic information; advanced listeners who had completed a phonetics course were significantly more likely to categorize /s/ reducers as Caribbean and those who had studied abroad in aspirating regions recognized a relationship between coda /s/ and status. To account for the complex interplay among proficiency, explicit instruction, and dialectal exposure in the development of L2 sociophonetic perception, we suggest the union of the L2 Linguistic Perception Model with exemplar models of phonological representation and indexical meaning.
Consuming the past into the present: The case of the Iberians (Valencia, Spain)
Authors: Santamarina Beatriz , Vizcaíno Tono 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, we aim to focus on how the Iberian past (sixth century to the first century BC) has been used both to shape identities and to produce values in the marketplace and how the triad of the past, authenticity, and tradition is key in the commodification of the Iberian world. To do so, we will examine developments in the village of Moixent (Valencia, Spain). In this town, the Iberians and their archaeological remains are presented as the protagonists of the area, accompanied by several “heritage stratifications.” Through case studies of family-run wineries, we analyze the process of symbolic appropriation of the Iberians in the local wine sector and its confluence with cultural tourism as well as how it has led to the development of territorial branding based on the past.
Pain pressure thresholds in children and adolescents with idiopathic chest pain
Authors: Balta Selin , Arslan Derya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectives:The pathophysiology of idiopathic chest pain remains unclear. Studies evaluating pain pressure thresholds in other idiopathic pain syndromes have revealed pain sensitivity in both affected and unaffected areas. The present study aimed to evaluate thoracic and extrathoracic pain pressure thresholds and their correlation with patients’ pain characteristics and quality of life.Methods:This cross-sectional, single-blind, controlled study included children and adolescents with idiopathic chest pain. The patients’ pain characteristics, including their symptom duration, type of pain, mean pain intensity, mean duration of painful periods, pain frequency, and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Child Version scores, were assessed by a paediatric cardiologist via a face-to-face interview. Pain pressure thresholds were measured using an algometer by an algologist who was blinded to the study groups.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in pain pressure thresholds in the trapezius; supraspinatus; thoracic 2, 4, and 10 areas; deltoid; and tibia between the patient and healthy control groups. In the patient group, while there was a positive correlation between the mean all-region pain pressure thresholds and age (p = 0.047, r = 0.235), there was no correlation between pain pressure thresholds and symptom duration, pain intensity, and quality of life.Conclusion:The present study is the first step towards investigating probable pain sensitivity mechanisms in children and adolescents with idiopathic chest pain. We noted lower thoracic and extrathoracic pain pressure thresholds in children and adolescents with idiopathic chest pain than in healthy controls.
False and misleading health-related claims in food supplements on Spanish radio: an analysis from a European Regulatory Framework
Authors: Muela-Molina Clara , Perelló-Oliver Salvador , García-Arranz Ana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:The excessive growth of the food supplements’ industry highlights the need to focus attention on all aspects involved in their proper consumption; one that takes centre stage is advertising. The aim of this research is to analyse the presence of false and misleading claims in food supplements advertising. To this end, a relationship is established between the different types of health-related claims and the substances on which they are based, whether authorised or not by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).Design:This empirical work conducts a content analysis of all radio mentions broadcast throughout 2017 on news/talk radio stations.Setting:Spain.Participants:All radio mentions broadcast on news/talk commercial radio stations in Spain with the highest audience levels. The corpus is composed of 437 advertisements.Results:Results indicate that 80·3 % of function claims included in the analysed advertisements are not authorised by EFSA, while 20·4 % of disease claims are not allowed by EU regulation. Likewise, almost half of the substances referred to (43·7 %) are illicit: 54·1 % in function claims, 57·3 % in disease claims and 73·7 % in the case of reduction of disease risk claims.Conclusions:This work reveals consistent failures to comply with European regulation on food supplements advertising. The widespread use of unauthorised health claims and substances is aggravated by the indirect recourse of illness as a persuasive argument, descriptions of alleged benefits as product attributes and the omission of essential information. This leads to dangerous misinformation and can pose serious health risks. Stronger legal mechanisms are needed for effective consumer protection.
Miniaturized triple-band monopole antenna loaded with a via-less MTM for 3G, WIMAX, and WLAN applications
Authors: Kasmaei Mohammadsadegh , Zareian-Jahromi Ehsan , Basiri Raheleh , Mashayekhi Valiollah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a tri-band metamaterial (MTM) loaded compact monopole antenna is proposed. In the first step of design procedure, a rectangular monopole antenna is improved by replacing the corresponding rectangular patch with a ring resonator. As a result, the first obtained operating frequency is decreased from 2.95 to 2.46 GHz. Then, this operating frequency is reduced to 2.02 GHz utilizing an MTM geometry in the antenna structure. The geometry parameters of the proposed antenna are optimized to provide the applicability for 3G, WLAN, and WiMAX applications. The impedance bandwidths of 600, 1080, and 220 MHz are obtained at 2.02–2.62, 3.48–4.56, and 5.12–5.34 GHz, respectively. Moreover, the equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna has been extracted. The proposed equivalent circuit model is validated through a comparison with corresponding simulation results. The proposed antenna is compact, low profile, via-less, and provides easy fabrication. Considering the first resonance frequency, a compactness of 32% is achieved in comparison to the corresponding unloaded monopole antenna.
Effect of row spacing and herbicide programs for control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant soybean
Authors: McDonald Shawn T. , Striegel Adam , Chahal Parminder S. , Jha Prashant , Rees Jennifer M. , Proctor Christopher A. , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is one of the most difficult to control weeds in soybean production fields in Nebraska and the United States. An integrated approach is required for effective management of GR Palmer amaranth. Cultural practices such as narrow row spacing might augment herbicide efficacy for management of GR Palmer amaranth. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of row spacing and herbicide programs for management of GR Palmer amaranth in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean. Field experiments were conducted in a grower’s field with a uniform population of GR Palmer amaranth near Carleton, Nebraska, in 2018 and 2019. Year-by-herbicide program-by-row spacing interactions were significant for all variables; therefore, data were analyzed by year. Herbicides applied PRE controlled GR Palmer amaranth ≥95% in both years 14 d after PRE (DAPRE). Across soybean row-spacing, most PRE followed by (fb) early-POST (EPOST) herbicide programs provided 84% to 97% control of Palmer amaranth compared with most EPOST fb late-post (LPOST) programs, excluding dicamba in single and sequential applications (82% to 95% control). Mixing microencapsulated acetochlor with a POST herbicide in PRE fb EPOST herbicide programs controlled Palmer amaranth ≥93% 14 d after EPOST and ≥96% 21 d after LPOST with no effect on Palmer amaranth density. Interaction of herbicide program-by-row spacing on Palmer amaranth control was not significant; however, biomass reduction was significant at soybean harvest in 2019. The herbicide programs evaluated in this study caused no soybean injury. Due to drought conditions during a majority of the 2018 growing season, soybean yield in 2018 was reduced compared with 2019.
Laboratory Experiments on Tsunamigenic Discrete Subaqueous Volcanic Eruptions. Part 1: Free Surface Disturbances
Authors: Shen Yaxiong , Whittaker Colin N. , Lane Emily M. , White James D.L. , Power William , Nomikou Paraskevi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA submarine volcanic eruption has the potential to generate a dangerous local tsunami. To better understand the free surface disturbance generated by an underwater volcanic eruption, which will form the initial condition for any subsequent wave generation, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments. In these experiments, compressed air was injected into a tank filled with water to simulate an underwater eruption. The experiments were repeated over a range of different pressures and water depths. Each eruption can be divided into three phases: A momentum‐driven jet, a buoyancy‐driven plume, and a fountain‐generation regime. Our experiments exhibit two fountain regimes (a dome regime and a finger regime), with a transition between them. These fountain regimes have been observed in several real submarine volcanic eruptions. This paper proposes a Froude number criterion to combine the water depths and source conditions together with the aspect ratios of fountains to quantify different fountain regimes. This quantitative relationship holds for two real subaqueous volcanic eruption cases (Myojin‐Sho eruption in 1952 and 1996 eruption in Karymskoye Lake). The fountain of the Myojin‐Sho shallow submarine eruption on September 23,1952 appears to have been in the dome regime, which means it was a relatively weak eruption. Unlike other eruptions from this volcano, which did generate tsunamis, no tsunami waves were detected on September 23 . This study contributes to an enhanced understanding of the usually unseen mechanism of free surface disturbances by volcanic gas injection during submarine eruptions.
Uneven Warming Likely Contributed to Declining Near‐Surface Wind Speeds in Northern China Between 1961 and 2016
Authors: Zhang Gangfeng , Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Chen Deliang , McVicar Tim R. , Guijarro Jose A. , Kong Feng , Minola Lorenzo , Deng Kaiqiang , Shi Peijun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA decline in mean near‐surface (10 m) wind speed has been widely reported for many land regions over recent decades, yet the underlying cause(s) remains uncertain. This study investigates changes in near‐surface wind speed over northern China from 1961 to 2016, and analyzes the associated physical mechanisms using station observations, reanalysis products and model simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 (CAM5). The homogenized near‐surface wind speed shows a significantly (p < 0.05) decline trend of −0.103 m s−1 decade−1, which stabilized from the 1990s onwards. Similar negative trends are observed for all seasons, with the strongest trends occurring in the central and eastern parts of northern China. Fast warming has occurred at high‐latitudes (i.e., >50°N) in recent decades, which has weakened the annual and seasonal meridional air temperature gradient (−0.33°C to −0.12°C dec−1, p < 0.05, except autumn) between these regions (50°–60°N, 75°–135°E) and the northern China zone (35°–45°N, 75°–135°E). This caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in annual and seasonal pressure gradient (−0.43 to −0.20 hPa dec−1) between the two zones, which contributed to the slowdown of winds. CAM5 simulations demonstrate that spatially uneven air temperature increases and near‐surface wind speed decreases over northern China can be realistically reproduced using the so‐called “all forcing” simulation, while the “natural only forcing” simulation fails to realistically simulate the uneven warming patterns and declines in near‐surface wind speed over most of northern China, except for summer.
Influences on Discharge Partitioning on a Large River Delta: Case Study of the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya Diversion, 1926–1950
Authors: Shaw John B. , Mason Kashauna G. , Ma Hongbo , McCain Gordon W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe modern Mississippi River (M.R.) Delta is plumbed by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers, setting water and sediment dispersal pathways for Earth’s fifth‐largest river system. The Atchafalaya River’s (A.R.) partial annexation of discharge from the M.R., particularly between 1926 and 1950, prompted warnings of a rapid river avulsion and the construction of the Old River Control Structure to regulate flow. Natural and anthropogenic causes of this discharge annexation are difficult to disentangle. Here, we develop and validate a hydrodynamic model of flow partitioning through the historic channel network. We then isolate how several key changes to the system affected discharge partitioning and stage at the A.R.‐M.R. diversion. Simulations show that erosion of the upper A.R. can account for 73% of the water discharge increase. Dredging in the lower A.R. between 1932 and 1950 can account for 35% of the water discharge increase, and was also an important control on shear stress distribution. The lower M.R. was slightly erosional during this period, and therefore hindered the A.R. discharge increase. Significant lacustrine delta deposition in A.R. had little effect on partitioning. These findings highlight the importance of A.R. enlargement processes on avulsion dynamics at this site. Given the essential nature of this river junction to the society, transportation, and commerce of the United States, improved attribution of discharge increases may lead to future management strategies that are broadly impactful.
Neural integration underlying naturalistic prediction flexibly adapts to varying sensory input rate
Authors: Baumgarten Thomas J. , Maniscalco Brian , Lee Jennifer L. , Flounders Matthew W. , Abry Patrice , He Biyu J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrediction of future sensory input based on past sensory information is essential for organisms to effectively adapt their behavior in dynamic environments. Humans successfully predict future stimuli in various natural settings. Yet, it remains elusive how the brain achieves effective prediction despite enormous variations in sensory input rate, which directly affect how fast sensory information can accumulate. We presented participants with acoustic sequences capturing temporal statistical regularities prevalent in nature and investigated neural mechanisms underlying predictive computation using MEG. By parametrically manipulating sequence presentation speed, we tested two hypotheses: neural prediction relies on integrating past sensory information over fixed time periods or fixed amounts of information. We demonstrate that across halved and doubled presentation speeds, predictive information in neural activity stems from integration over fixed amounts of information. Our findings reveal the neural mechanisms enabling humans to robustly predict dynamic stimuli in natural environments despite large sensory input rate variations.