bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception and outcomes after implementation of problem‐based learning in predoctoral pediatric dentistry clinical education
Authors: Puranik Chaitanya P. , Pickett Kaci , Randhawa Japneet , de Peralta Tracy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeProblem‐based learning (PBL) has been a useful addition to health‐based curricula by supporting learning with contributory discussion, research, and critical analysis of evidence in a peer‐supported learning format. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PBL on pediatric dentistry clinical education.MethodsFirst‐time pass‐rates in clinical and objective structured clinical examinations were measured in student cohorts receiving pediatric curricular formats with (PBL+) or without a PBL (PBL−) experience. Student perceived learning outcomes were measured through a voluntary survey. The numbers of each competency attempt were compared between the study groups (PBL+ or PBL−) using Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum tests or Fisher's exact tests. Mantel‐Hanzel ordinal chi‐square tested for differences in rates of agreement on survey responses from students in the PBL+ or PBL− groups. Significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in the first‐time pass‐rates in five of seven competencies in the PBL+ group. A significantly higher proportion of students in the PBL+ group perceived that their predoctoral pediatric dentistry rotation improved their diagnostic skills compared to the students in the PBL− group (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the perceptions on satisfaction of clinical or non‐clinical staff support, perceived self‐improvement in radiographic or clinical skills or overall benefits of the predoctoral pediatric dentistry rotation.ConclusionThe addition of a PBL component to a traditional curricular format in a pediatric dentistry clinical rotation had a positive impact on learning in a predoctoral dental program.
Dental undergraduate students' ability in the diagnosis of root fractures: Comparative analysis of different imaging methods
Authors: Paz João Lucas C. , Borges Juliana S. , Rodrigues Jessica F. , Fagundes Daniela M. , Barbosa Gabriella Lopes de R. , Soares Carlos J. , Soares Priscilla B.F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of dental undergraduate students to detect horizontal and oblique root fractures (ORFs) using different imaging techniques.Materials and methodsNine teeth were selected and randomly divided in three groups in order to create a fracture line without fragments separation: control (without fracture), horizontal root fracture (HRF), and ORF. The root fracture was created using perpendicular force and was confirmed by transillumination. A model with two adjacent teeth was created, and different imaging techniques were performed: conventional periapical radiograph; mesially and distally shifted periapical radiographs; cone‐beam computer tomography (CBCT). Twenty students that had participation on dental trauma clinic at the year of 2019 were invited to identify root fractures by a five‐point scale: (i) fracture definitely not present, (ii) fracture probably not present, (iii) uncertain whether fracture is present or not, (iv) fracture probably present, and (v) fracture definitely present. Data were analyzed by Kappa test for agreement evaluation.ResultsComparing each student to the gold standard, there was a variation in reproducibility and performance from poor to substantial (0.042–0.667). Reproducibility values ranged from poor to good for all periapical radiographs both in the diagnosis of ORF (−0.33–0.667) and in HRF (0–1).ConclusionsIn CBCT images, the students' ability was lower in HRF detection in comparison with the oblique ones. The students showed limited capacity to diagnose root fractures; however when CBCT was used, the performance was more satisfactory than when periapical radiographs were used.
Responses of leached nitrogen concentrations and soil health to winter rye cover crop under no‐till corn–soybean rotation in the northern Great Plains
Authors: Bawa Arun , MacDowell Rachel , Bansal Sangeeta , McMaine John , Sexton Peter , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWinter rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important cover crop (CC) in the northern Great Plains (NGP), yet concerns over its establishment under the variable weather conditions of this region are an important limitation for its widespread adoption. This study evaluated the impacts of no‐till corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation with winter rye CC established in 2017 on (a) water quality (nitrate‐N [NO3––N], ammonia‐N [NH4+–N], and total nitrogen [TN]) and (b) soil health parameters at the 0‐to‐15‐cm depth. Data showed that rye CC biomass was 251 kg ha–1 in 2018, 1,213 kg ha–1 in 2019, and 147 kg ha–1 in 2020, coinciding with contrasting growing degree days for rye CC (i.e., 1,458, 2,042, and 794, respectively), as a consequence of variable weather conditions. Water quality was not affected for the periods when rye growth was <300 kg ha–1. In the season when rye CC had greater biomass (1,213 kg ha–1), significant reductions in leached NO3––N (19–20%) and TN (8.5–16%) concentrations were observed due to greater N uptake by rye CC (18.8 kg N ha–1). Rye CC showed significantly (p ≤ .05) higher microbially active carbon ( ∼13%) and water‐extractable organic N(∼11%) than the control treatment. Nonsignificant impacts on soil health indicators due to rye CC showed that the study duration (3 yr) may not be sufficient to see the beneficial impacts of CCs on soils. However, significant reductions in leached NO3––N and TN concentrations for one (2019) out of three study years suggest that rye with optimal growth has the potential of reducing N leaching and enhancing soil health for the NGP region.
Morphology of parenchymally implanted foreign bodies indicates copulatory wounding in a planarian
Authors: Carbayo Fernando , Marian José E. A. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTraumatic mating, that is, copulation that involves wounding the partner's body, is a widespread phenomenon that is particularly prevalent in hermaphroditic animals. Traumatic mating is generally a collateral side effect of diverse strategies (from physical anchorage to injection of substances to manipulate the partner), but the trauma could also be adaptive by itself if it delays remating by the injured partner. In the Tricladida (the clade of planarian flatworms), reciprocal sperm transfer is often assumed to occur by means of a 'regular' nontraumatic copulation, that is, insertion of the penis through the partner's gonopore and deposition of the ejaculate into its genital atrium, with subsequent sperm migration to the oviducts. However, while studying the anatomy of Brazilian land planarians for taxonomic purposes, we found foreign bodies, reminiscent of spermatophores, implanted within the parenchyma ofChoeradoplana albonigra(Riester, 1938). Herein, we describe and illustrate several lines of morphological evidence indicating that these foreign bodies likely represent a novel case of intragenital copulatory wounding (e.g., structural and histochemical similarity to land planarians spermatophores; implantation at the level of the gonopore; vestiges of rupture of the genital atrium's wall), corroborating that traumatic mating is pervasive and underreported in Metazoa. We also propose two different hypotheses to explain such copulatory wounding, viz., that it concerns (1) a regular mating strategy or (2) an accidental effect of the copulation. In any event, this land planarian may prove useful as a novel, noninsect terrestrial model organism to investigate the evolution of traumatic mating.
The global epidemic of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and their mutational immune escape
Authors: Tian Dandan , Sun YanHong , Zhou JianMing , Ye Qing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, genetic variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 have been emerging and spreading around the world. Several SARS‐CoV‐2 endemic variants were found in United Kingdom, South Africa, Japan, and India between 2020 and April 2021. Studies have shown that many SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are more infectious than early wild strain and produce immune escape. These SARS‐CoV‐2 variants have brought new challenges to the prevention and control of COVID‐19. This review summarizes and analyzes the biological characteristics of different amino acid mutations and the epidemic characteristics and immune escape of different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. We hope to provide scientific reference for the monitoring, prevention, and control measures of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and the development strategy of the second‐generation vaccine.
Characterizing the role of the zinc finger transcription factor AcrpnR in governing development in Aspergillus cristatus
Authors: Wang Yaping , Tan Yumei , Zhang Fuqian , Lu Xiaolin , Shao Lei , Liu Yongxiang , Liu Zuoyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFilamentous fungi reproduce sexually or asexually, and the developmental processes are strictly regulated by a variety of transcription factors. In this study, we characterized a zinc finger transcription factor, called AcrpnR, in Aspergillus cristatus (GME2916). The ∆AcrpnR strain exhibited decreased asexual reproduction and increased cleistothecium production. The complementation strain showed restoration of these phenotypic differences. Overexpression of AcrpnR resulted in enhanced asexual development and delayed and inhibited sexual reproduction, suggesting that AcrpnR is required for proper asexual and sexual development in A. cristatus. In addition, AcrpnR positively regulated the expression of genes of the central regulatory pathway of conidiation and negatively regulated the expression of sex‐related genes. Overall, these results demonstrate that AcrpnR is essential for maintaining a balance between asexual and sexual development.
Nanotechnological approaches as a promising way for heavy metal mitigation in an aqueous system
Authors: Muthukumaran Peraman , Suresh Babu Palanisamy , Shyamalagowri Shanmugasundaram , Kamaraj Murugesan , Manikandan Arumugam , Aravind Jeyaseelan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ever‐rising environmental problems because of heavy metals emerging from anthropogenic activities pose an impending threat to all biota globally. Considering their persistence and possibility in biomagnification, they are prominent among pollutants. There has been an apparent shift of research interest in advancing cost‐effective and competent technologies to mitigate environmental contaminants, specifically heavy metals. In the recent two decades, tailored nanomaterials (NMs), nanoparticles, and NM‐based adsorbents have been emerging for removing heavy metal pollution on a sustainable scale, especially the green synthesis of these nanoproducts effective and nonhazardous means. Hence, this review explores the various avenues in nanotechnology, an attempt to gauge nanotechnological approaches to mitigate heavy metals in the aqueous system, especially emphasizing the recent trends and advancements. Inputs on remediating heavy metal in sustainable and environmentally benign aspects recommended future directions to compensate for the voids in this domain have been addressed.
Investigating transport in a tidally driven coral atoll flow using Lagrangian coherent structures
Authors: Filippi Margaux , Hadjighasem Alireza , Rayson Matt , Rypina Irina I. , Ivey Greg , Lowe Ryan , Gilmour James , Peacock Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA field experiment study of flow transport around a coral reef was conducted at Scott Reef, an offshore atoll in the Timor Sea. A drifter deployment was designed based on the insight derived from two Lagrangian data analysis approaches, the finite‐time Lyapunov exponent method and the optimized‐parameter spectral clustering method, which were used to analyze the predictions of a numerical model. This analysis predicted the formation of a key transport barrier during a critical time of the tidal cycle that separated two bodies of water, one remaining trapped within the lagoon, and one advected offshore; this transport structure had no clear signature upon inspection of the velocity fields and thus the use of Lagrangian methods was crucial. The observed drifter trajectories confirmed the predictions, with the drifters separating into two clusters, one on each side of the transport barrier. The results demonstrate how Lagrangian approaches elucidate the processes governing connectivity and water exchanges between atolls and the surrounding ocean.
State‐of‐the‐art glycosaminoglycan characterization
Authors: Zappe Andreas , Miller Rebecca L. , Struwe Weston B. , Pagel Kevin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry‐based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass‐selected species.
A multinational survey on the management of the urinary tract in newborns with spina bifida: Are we following current EAU/ESPU guidelines?
Authors: Kane Gavin , Doyle Miriam , Kelly Gabrielle , Subramaniam Ramnath , Cascio Salvatore 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsIn August 2019, the European Association of Urology (EAU) and European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) published updated guidelines on the management of neurogenic bladder in children and adolescents. Our study aimed to establish whether members of the ESPU are adhering to these guidelines.MethodsWe designed a survey comprising 26 questions using SurveyMonkey®. Respondents were asked about management of neurogenic bladder at birth in newborns with spina bifida (SB), urological investigations, as well as short and long‐term follow‐up in their institutions.ResultsThere were 103 respondents to the survey (754 recipients, giving a response rate of 14%) spanning 36 countries. 100% of respondents carry out a renal/bladder ultrasound at birth. Only 53% routinely commence clean intermittent catheterization soon after birth as recommended by the guidelines. Only 56% recommend anticholinergic medications after abnormal videourodynamics (VUDs). The guidelines recommend the use of continued antibiotic prophylaxis if there is evidence of vesicoureteral reflux and hostile bladder/non‐conclusive results on VUDs which is followed by only 30% of providers. 63% of respondents carry out baseline VUDs at the recommended time. Seeing larger volumes of SB patients, having a formal SB protocol, having formal SB multidisciplinary clinics and working in a tertiary referral center did not make respondents more likely to adhere to guidelines.ConclusionsOur survey demonstrated that large variations from the EAU/ESPU guidelines exist in practice. The study confirms that further work is required across institutions and countries to implement these evidence‐based recommendations for standardized practice.
Validity and reliability of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale‐Japanese version
Authors: Kitano Masato , Shoji Kotaro , Nakaita Ikumi , Sano Shinya , Tachibana Shoichi , Bride Brian E. , Shigemura Jun , Waki Fumiko , Noguchi Norihito , Koga Minori , Toda Hiroyuki , Yoshino Aihide , Shimizu Kunio , Nagamine Masanori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThis study assessed the validity and reliability of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale‐Japanese Version.MethodsThe original Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale was translated into Japanese, and Japanese items were back‐translated to English to confirm the accuracy of the translation. A total of 870 public health nurses from the Tohoku region in Japan completed the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale‐Japanese Version. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the number of components. Moreover, 351 public health nurses from the Saitama prefecture in Japan also completed the scale. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the factor structure identified in the exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis identified two components: one associated with client‐related distress and the other with trauma‐related distress. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two‐factor structure. The two‐factor structure model was better than the three‐factor model presented in the original validation study for the English version of the scale. The two‐factor model had good internal consistency for the overall product and the subscales. Pearson correlations showed that this model had good convergent validity against the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a psychological measure similar to the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Finally, the two‐factor model had good discriminant validity against the Maslach Burnout Inventory.ConclusionThis study identified two components of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale‐Japanese Version that differ from the three components found in the original English version. The differences in the factor structure might indicate that the factor structure was culturally influenced.
The interface is a tunable dimension in electricity‐driven organic synthesis
Authors: Wuttig Anna , Toste Francisco Dean 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPredictive control over the selectivity outcome of an organic synthetic method is an essential hallmark of reaction success. Electricity‐driven synthesis offers a reemerging approach to facilitate the design of reaction sequences toward increased molecular complexity. In addition to the desirable sustainability features of electroorganic processes, the inherent interfacial nature of electrochemical systems present unique opportunities to tune reaction selectivity. To illustrate this feature, we outline examples of mechanism‐guided interfacial control over CO2 electroreduction selectivity; a well‐studied and instructive electrochemical process with multiple reduction products that are thermodynamically accessible. These studies reveal how controlled proton delivery to the electrode surface and substrate electrosorption with the electrode dictate reaction selectivity. We describe and compare simple, yet salient, examples from the electroorganic literature, where we postulate that similar effects predominate the observed reactivity. This perspective highlights how the interface serves as a tunable dimension in electrochemical processes and delineates unique tools to study, manipulate, and achieve reaction selectivity in electricity‐driven organic synthesis.KEY POINTS
Electricity‐driven synthesis enables chemical and industrial communities to contribute to sustainability goals.
Electricity‐driven processes occur at phase boundaries, thus unveiling their molecular‐level roadmaps involves the synergistic study of materials, interfacial, and molecular science.
Bridging concepts that transcend the topical nature of two electricity‐driven processes—CO2 reduction and electroorganic synthesis—reveals tools to manipulate reaction selectivity.
Systemic, local, and sclerotherapy drugs: What do we know about drug prescribing in vascular anomalies?
Authors: Marcoux Simon , Théorêt Yves , Dubois Josée , Essouri Sandrine , Pincivy Alix , Coulombe Jérôme , McCuaig Catherine , Powell Julie , Soulez Gilles , Kleiber Niina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOff‐label drug prescribing, frequent in the treatment of vascular anomalies (VA), relies on the quality of the literature reporting drug efficacy and safety. Our objective is to review the level of evidence (LOE) surrounding drug use in VA, which is more prevalent in pediatric care. A list of drugs used in VA was created with a literature review in July 2020. For each drug listed, the article displaying the highest LOE was determined and then compared between efficacy/safety data, routes of administration, pharmacological categories and a subset of VA. The influence of research quality on study results was also explored. The median LOE for the 74 drugs identified poor methodological quality, with a predominance of retrospective studies or case reports. Drug safety is currently inadequately reported. This is alarming as many treatments display significant safety concerns. Also, current literature displays major publication bias that probably leads to overestimation of drug efficacy in VA.
Heat accumulation in metals under femtosecond irradiation: simulation and experimentation
Authors: Cangueiro Liliana , Bruneel David , Kiedrowski Thomas , Schroeder Nikolai , Lasagni Andrés Fabián , Ramos‐de‐Campos J. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUltrafast laser micromachining results depend on both the processing parameters and the material properties. The thermal effects are negligible if a good combination of processing parameters is chosen. However, optimizing the processing parameters to achieve the required surface quality on a given material can be quite complex and time consuming. Within the framework of the European LAMpAS project, we developed a model to estimate the heat accumulation on a surface as a function of the laser fluence, scanning speed and line pitch. The simulation results were correlated with experimental ones. The predictions of the model allow evaluation of the heat distribution on the surface, and optimize the ultrafast laser micromachining strategy, yielding negligible thermal damage.
A citric acid/cysteine based bioadditive for plasticization and enhancing UV shielding of poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Duan Xuejun , Chen Heng , Liu Huan , Chen Ming , Chen Shaojun , Gao Jihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new bioadditive for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), diethylhexyl thiazolopyridine dicarboxylate (BTD), was designed and synthesized by the esterification between 2‐ethylhexanol and thiazolopyridine dicarboxylic acid. The chemical structure of BTD was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and NMR. As a main plasticizer, BTD had higher plasticizing efficiency, thermal stability and migration resistance than dioctyl phthalate. Furthermore, due to the thiazolopyridine conjugated structure, BTD possessed strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption that endowed its plasticized PVC film with excellent UV shielding property. The biomass resource combined with the above high performances make BTD a very promising additive for PVC plasticization and anti‐UV application. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.