bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thickness accuracy of virtually designed patient‐specific implants for large neurocranial defects
Authors: Wittner Claudia , Borowski Markus , Pirl Lukas , Kastner Johann , Schrempf Andreas , Schäfer Ute , Trieb Klemens , Senck Sascha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe combination of computer‐aided design (CAD) techniques based on computed tomography (CT) data to generate patient‐specific implants is in use for decades. However, persisting disadvantages are complicated design procedures and rigid reconstruction protocols, for example, for tailored implants mimicking the patient‐specific thickness distribution of missing cranial bone. In this study we used two different approaches, CAD‐ versus thin‐plate spline (TPS)‐based implants, to reconstruct extensive unilateral and bilateral cranial defects in three clinical cases. We used CT data of three complete human crania that were virtually damaged according to the missing regions in the clinical cases. In total, we carried out 132 virtual reconstructions and quantified accuracy from the original to the generated implant and deviations in the resulting implant thickness as root‐mean‐square error (RMSE). Reconstructions using TPS showed an RMSE of 0.08–0.18 mm in relation to geometric accuracy. CAD‐based implants showed an RMSE of 0.50–1.25 mm. RMSE in relation to implant thickness was between 0.63 and 0.70 mm (TPS) while values for CAD‐based implants were significantly higher (0.63–1.67 mm). While both approaches provide implants showing a high accuracy, the TPS‐based approach additionally provides implants that accurately reproduce the patient‐specific thickness distribution of the affected cranial region.
An open‐label, investigator‐initiated, single‐center, prospective, pilot clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of a skin whitening serum applied twice daily combined with a spot‐preventing SPF50+ sunscreen in healthy female subjects with melasma hyperpigmentation
Authors: Cantelli Mariateresa , Ferrillo Maria , Granger Corinne , Fabbrocini Gabriella 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a common skin disorder characterized by alterations in normal skin pigmentation. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a skin whitening serum containing niacinamide, hydroxyphenoxy propionic acid, dipotassium glycyrrhizate, glycolic acid, and 4‐n‐butylresorcinol applied twice daily combined with a spot‐preventing SPF50+ sunscreen for treatment of melasma.MethodsTwelve healthy Caucasian women with melasma (Fitzpatrick skin types II−IV) were enrolled in this pilot clinical study. Efficacy evaluations were performed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12 of treatment and included clinical and instrumental assessments.ResultsAll endpoints for melasma hyperpigmentation showed a statistically significant improvement from baseline to the end of the study. There was only one dropout. No signs of irritation or discomfort were observed at baseline, w4, w8, or w12. An overall improvement in melasma was observed both clinically and on reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).ConclusionThis topical skin whitening serum had favorable outcomes for the treatment of melasma hyperpigmentation in adult women, as demonstrated on investigator and instrumental assessments. The results of this pilot study need to be confirmed in randomized, controlled studies with a larger sample size.
High‐water mark fee structure in variable annuities
Authors: Landriault David , Li Bin , Li Dongchen , Wang Yumin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel high‐water mark fee structure and investigates its impact on the marketability of variable annuities. To evaluate the welfare effects of holding a variable annuity, we adopt mean‐variance analysis. By also examining the welfare effects of holding two alternative investments, we introduce a quantitative measure, namely a compatible set of risk aversions, to assess the marketability of the variable annuity under a certain fee structure. Comparing the compatible sets and the welfare effects of holding the variable annuity under the high‐water mark fee structure with those under a constant and a state‐dependent fee structure, we find that the high‐water mark fee structure improves the variable annuity's marketability in two aspects: First, it makes the variable annuity preferable to the alternative investments for a broader range of policyholders. Second, when the variable annuity is preferred over the alternative investments, it produces the highest welfare for the policyholder.
Dental pain management with prescription opioids by nondental healthcare professionals in a healthcare system network
Authors: Rigert Jillian M. , Napenas Joel J. , Wally Meghan , Odum Susan , Yu Ziqing , Runyon Michael , Hsu Joseph R. , Seymour Rachel B. ,   the PRIMUM Group
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesPatients with dental pain seek treatment in Urgent and Emergency Care settings by physicians and advanced practice practitioners (APPs) unable to provide definitive care, often relying on prescriptions for pain management including opioids. In the face of an opioid epidemic, this study assessed the impact of an electronic health record (EHR) clinical decision support tool to identify patients at high risk for opioid misuse using objective, evidence‐based criteria, and guide safer prescribing.MethodsDental pain encounters occurring between January 2016 and June 2018 within our healthcare system were identified and linked to the database supporting a real‐time clinical decision support intervention, Prescription Reporting with Immediate Medication Utilization Mapping (PRIMUM), to characterize opioid prescribing patterns and prescribers' response to alert. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed.ResultsThere were 30,649 dental pain encounters of which opioids were written in 45.5 percent (N = 13,957) encounters. A total of 16.6 percent of patients prescribed an opioid had a risk factor for misuse and triggered the PRIMUM alert at the point of care. In response to the PRIMUM alert (N = 2,501 encounters), clinician decision‐making was influenced in 9.5 percent (N = 237) of encounters, which was defined by cancelation of the original opioid prescription. Of those 9.5 percent encounters, 48.1 percent (N = 114) resulted in no opioid prescription written.ConclusionsThere is potential for a clinical decision support tool embedded in the EHR to guide safer prescribing practice by alerting providers to objective, evidence‐based risk characteristics at the point of care.
Melatonin effects on bone: Implications for use as a therapy for managing bone loss
Authors: Munmun Fahima , Witt‐Enderby Paula A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMelatonin is the primary circadian output signal from the brain and is mainly synthesized in pinealocytes. The rhythm and secretion of melatonin are under the control of an endogenous oscillator located in the SCN or the master biological clock. Disruptions in circadian rhythms by shift work, aging, or light at night are associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Restoration of nocturnal melatonin peaks to normal levels or therapeutic levels through timed melatonin supplementation has been demonstrated to provide bone‐protective actions in various models. Melatonin is a unique molecule with diverse molecular actions targeting melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane or mitochondria or acting independently of receptors through its actions as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger to stimulate osteoblastogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and improve bone density. Its additional actions on entraining circadian rhythms and improving quality of life in an aging population coupled with its safety profile make it an ideal therapeutic candidate for protecting against bone loss in susceptible populations. The intent of this review is to provide a focused discussion on bone loss and disorders of the bone as it relates to melatonin and conditions that modify melatonin levels with the hope that future therapies include those that include melatonin and correct those factors that modify melatonin levels like circadian disruption.
Review on characteristics of trained sensory panels in food science
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Lorenzo José M. , Munekata Paulo E. S. , Gagaoua Mohammed , Tomasevic Igor 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSensory analysis has been, is, and will be one of the most important methods in judging food quality. As such, it is an evaluation tool involving human subjects with specific skills to conduct assigned series of tests. This review outlines main characteristics of 179 trained panels published in 16 selected scientific journals in the last 12 months, as well as training methods used for panelists, and type of sensory studies employed. The results reveal that two thirds of the panels have between eight and twelve members, with gender data provided in half of the papers. Overall duration of their initial training is presented only in around 20% of reviewed publications. When provided, duration was below 2 hr per session involving up to 10 sessions. One third of papers confirmed to have conducted training of the panel for methods employed, while almost half used experienced human subjects with no further data. Around 12% of all manuscripts have validated training of their sensory panel, while 20% of papers covered at least one criterion for assessment of their panels' performance. The majority of papers (80%) used descriptive methods, mainly with intensity scales. It is of note that 15% of papers used hedonic tests typical for consumer studies. Almost half of the scholars conducted their research in triplicates (41.3%) while almost one quarter (24%) provided no data on this subject. Type of food analyzed has no effects on the quality of data provided regarding panels, training, sensory methods, and replications.
Controlled spawning and rearing of the sea cucumber, Parastichopus tremulus
Authors: Schagerström Ellen , Christophersen Gyda , Sunde Jan , Bakke Snorre , Matusse Nédia R. , Dupont Sam , Sundell Kristina S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe red sea cucumber, Parastichopus tremulus, a cold water species with commercial potential, has recently attracted attention for wild harvest as well as for potential use in integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture in Scandinavian countries. Overharvesting has put natural stocks of sea cucumbers at risk in several countries. Our goal was to develop a rearing protocol for P. tremulus to enable sustainable production of this species. This study presents results from spawning and larval rearing conducted in both Norway (NO) and Sweden (SWE) during May–August 2019. We describe spawning induction and behavior, fertilization success, embryonic and auricularia larval development rate for this species under laboratory conditions. The larvae were fed a mixture of three species of live microalgae (SWE) and algal paste (NO). Larval development rate and survival were monitored at four different temperatures (7, 10, 13, and 16°C). Results showed faster development with increasing temperature. Daily food consumption rate was highest at the highest temperature. The combined effects of temperature and food availability on survival were investigated for the same four temperatures and three different feed concentrations. Only food availability affected the mortality rate, with the highest mortality in the low feeding regime of 1,000–2,000 cells ml−1 day−1.
Characteristics of candidemia in COVID‐19 patients; increased incidence, earlier occurrence and higher mortality rates compared to non‐COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Kayaaslan Bircan , Eser Fatma , Kaya Kalem Ayşe , Bilgic Zeynep , Asilturk Dilek , Hasanoglu Imran , Ayhan Muge , Tezer Tekce Yasemin , Erdem Deniz , Turan Sema , Mumcuoglu Ipek , Guner Rahmet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSevere COVID‐19 patients in ICU are at high risk for candidemia due to exposure to multiple risk factors for candidemia. We aimed to compare the incidence of candidemia in ICU patients with and without COVID‐19, and to investigate epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of candidemia patients and risk factors for mortality in candidemia patients. This retrospective study was conducted in patients followed in the ICUs of Ankara City Hospital for 2 years, divided into pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods. The incidence (event per 1000 patient‐days) and epidemiology of candidemia, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients were compared in COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 groups. Candidemia incidence was higher in the COVID‐19 group (2.16, 95% CI 1.77–2.60) than the non‐COVID‐19 group (1.06, 95% CI 0.89–0.125) (p < .001). A total of 236 candidemia episodes (105 in COVID‐19 patients and 131 in non‐COVID‐19 patients) were detected during the study periods. COVID‐19 cases had a higher rate of corticosteroid use (63.8% vs. 9.9%, p < .001). Epidemiology of candidemia and antifungal susceptibility were similar. Candidemia developed 2 weeks earlier in COVID‐19 groups and resulted in higher mortality (92.5% vs. 79.4%, p .005). One‐third of candidemia patients died before receiving any antifungal treatment, and this rate was higher in the COVID‐19 group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, corticosteroid use, presence of sepsis and age older than 65 years were independent risk factors for mortality in candidemia patients. Candidemia with high mortality is a more serious problem for COVID‐19 patients due to its increased incidence, earlier occurrence and a higher rate of mortality.
Germanness and religious universalism in the aftermath of the 1844 Trier pilgrimage
Authors: Kojman Tamar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 1844, an exhibition of a holy relic at the Trier cathedral elicited public outrage, resulting in the foundation of a new anti‐clerical confession, the German Catholics (Deutschkatholiken). This article examines conceptions of Germanness generated by the supra‐confessional public debate that followed by analysing journal publications of contrasting religious affiliations from 1844–1846. I argue that in the context of extensive and highly politicised religious deliberation, confessional divergence was not just decried as an obstacle to unity that had to be overcome but also enshrined as a mark of German singularity. Across confessional divides, the condition of disunity was thought to manifest a unique German aptitude for spiritual exploration and resistance to institutional rigidity. These qualities singled out the Germans for a spiritual quest in search of an ultimate, universal religious creed. This finding raises important questions on the interaction between inclusionary and exclusionary elements in ethnic and national identities formed in the context of internal diversity, as well as their positioning within universalistic structures.
Low FODMAPs diet or usual dietary advice for the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: An open‐labeled randomized trial
Authors: Rivière Pauline , Vauquelin Blandine , Rolland Emiliane , Melchior Chloé , Roman Sabine , Bruley des Varannes Stanislas , Mion François , Gourcerol Guillaume , Sacher‐Huvelin Sylvie , Zerbib Frank 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe low FODMAPs (fermentable oligo‐, di‐, monosaccharides, and polyols) diet improves lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients suffering from proton pump inhibitor (PPI) refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have limited treatment options. We investigated the efficacy of a low FODMAPs diet in patients with PPI refractory GERD.MethodsThis multicenter, randomized, open‐label study compared the efficacy of a 4‐week low FODMAPs diet and usual dietary advice (ie, low‐fat diet and head of bed elevation) in patients with symptomatic PPI refractory GERD, defined by a Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) score >3 and abnormal pH‐impedance monitoring on PPIs. The primary endpoint was the percentage of responders (RDQ ≤3) at the end of the diet.ResultsThirty‐one patients (55% women, median age 45 years) were included, 16 randomized in the low FODMAPs diet group and 15 in the usual dietary advice group. Adherence to the assigned diet was good, with a significant difference in the FODMAPs intake per day between the low FODMAPs diet (2.5 g) and the usual dietary advice group (13 g) (p < 0.001). There was no difference in response rates (RDQ score ≤3) between the low FODMAPs diet (6/16, 37.5%) and usual dietary advice (3/15, 20%) groups (p = 0.43). Total RDQ score and dyspepsia subscore decreased significantly over time in both groups (p = 0.002), with no difference according to the assigned diet group (p = 0.85).ConclusionLow FODMAPs diet and usual dietary advice have similar but limited beneficial effects on symptoms in patients with PPI refractory GERD.
The crystal structure of SnTox3 from the necrotrophic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum reveals a unique effector fold and provides insight into Snn3 recognition and pro‐domain protease processing of fungal effectors
Authors: Outram Megan A. , Sung Yi‐Chang , Yu Daniel , Dagvadorj Bayantes , Rima Sharmin A. , Jones David A. , Ericsson Daniel J. , Sperschneider Jana , Solomon Peter S. , Kobe Bostjan , Williams Simon J. 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Plant pathogens cause disease through secreted effector proteins, which act to promote infection. Typically, the sequences of effectors provide little functional information and further targeted experimentation is required. Here, we utilized a structure/function approach to study SnTox3, an effector from the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum, which causes cell death in wheat‐lines carrying the sensitivity gene Snn3.

We developed a workflow for the production of SnTox3 in a heterologous host that enabled crystal structure determination and functional studies. We show this approach can be successfully applied to study effectors from other pathogenic fungi.

The β‐barrel fold of SnTox3 is a novel fold among fungal effectors. Structure‐guided mutagenesis enabled the identification of residues required for Snn3 recognition. SnTox3 is a pre‐pro‐protein, and the pro‐domain of SnTox3 can be cleaved in vitro by the protease Kex2. Complementing this, an in silico study uncovered the prevalence of a conserved motif (LxxR) in an expanded set of putative pro‐domain‐containing fungal effectors, some of which can be cleaved by Kex2 in vitro.

Our in vitro and in silico study suggests that Kex2‐processed pro‐domain (designated here as K2PP) effectors are common in fungi and this may have broad implications for the approaches used to study their functions.
Auxin fluxes through plasmodesmata
Authors: Band Leah R. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryCharacterising the processes that control auxin dynamics is essential to understanding how auxin regulates plant development. Over recent years, several studies have investigated auxin diffusion through plasmodesmata, characterising this cell‐to‐cell diffusion and demonstrating that it affects auxin distributions. Furthermore, studies have shown that plasmodesmatal auxin diffusion affects developmental processes, including phototropism, lateral root emergence and leaf hyponasty. This short Tansley Insight review describes how these studies have contributed to our understanding of auxin dynamics and discusses potential future directions in this area.
Effect of exercise training before and after bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bellicha Alice , van Baak Marleen A. , Battista Francesca , Beaulieu Kristine , Blundell John E. , Busetto Luca , Carraça Eliana V. , Dicker Dror , Encantado Jorge , Ermolao Andrea , Farpour‐Lambert Nathalie , Pramono Adriyan , Woodward Euan , Oppert Jean‐Michel 
Published: June 2021

SummaryWe aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise training programs in adults with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. A systematic search of controlled trials published up to October 2019 that assigned participants to either a preoperative or postoperative exercise training group or a nonexercise group was performed. Meta‐analyses were conducted using random‐effects models. Twenty‐two training programs were assessed (18 performed after bariatric surgery). The effect of preoperative exercise training on postsurgery outcomes was reported in only one study. Compared with the control condition without exercise, postoperative exercise training led to higher weight loss (N = 14, mean difference [95% CI] = −1.8 [−3.2; −0.4] kg,P = 0.01), fat loss (N = 9,P = 0.01), increase in VO2max (N = 8,P < 0.0001), and increase in muscle strength (N = 9,P < 0.0001). No significant effect was found on lean body mass (N = 11). Preliminary evidence suggests a beneficial effect of postoperative exercise training on bone mineral density (N = 3,P < 0.001) and weight maintenance after the end of the intervention (N = 2,P < 0.001) but no significant effect on quality of life (N = 2), habitual physical activity (N = 2), or cardiometabolic outcomes (N < 4). In conclusion, exercise training performed after bariatric surgery improves physical fitness and leads to a small additional weight and fat loss and may prevent bone loss and weight regain after bariatric surgery.
Metabolomics reveals microbial‐derived metabolites associated with immunoglobulin E responses in filaggrin‐related atopic dermatitis
Authors: Chiu Chih‐Yung , Lin Gigin , Wang Chia‐Jung , Hung Shuen‐Iu , Chung Wen‐Hung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFilaggrin (FLG) gene mutation and immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated sensitization are the most important predictors of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, a metabolomics‐based approach to address the metabolic impact of FLG mutations on allergic IgE responses for AD is still lacking. We, though, determine the relationships of metabolic profiles in AD with FLG mutations and allergic responses.MethodsEighty‐one children with adolescent AD (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 23) were prospectively enrolled. Mutations in the filaggrin gene were identified using whole‐exome sequencing, and plasma metabolic profiles were determined using 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Integrative analyses of their associations related to total serum IgE levels were performed, and further metabolic functional pathways for AD were also assessed.ResultsMetabolites contributed to the separation between AD and controls were identified using the supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (Q2/R2 = 0.90, Ppermutation <0.001). Nitrogen and amino acid metabolisms for energy production, and microbe‐related methane and propanoate metabolisms were significantly associated with AD compared with healthy controls (FDR‐adjusted p < .05). Five of fifteen metabolites related to FLG mutations were positively correlated with total serum IgE levels. Among them, dimethylamine and isopropanol were strongly associated with methane metabolism and propanoate metabolism, respectively, in AD with FLG mutations (FDR‐adjusted p < .01).ConclusionA strong correlation of microbial‐derived metabolites, dimethylamine and isopropanol, with FLG mutations and IgE allergic reactions provides the influence of host genetics on the microbiome to regulate susceptibility to allergic responses in the pathogenesis of AD.