bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and risk factors for thrombosis in POEMS syndrome: A retrospective evaluation of 230 patients
Authors: Mellors Patrick W. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Go Ronald S. , Muchtar Eli , Gertz Morie A. , Kumar Shaji K. , Buadi Francis K. , Kapoor Prashant , Lacy Martha Q. , Dingli David , Hwa Yi , Fonder Amie , Hobbs Miriam , Hayman Suzanne , Warsame Rahma , Leung Nelson R. , Lin Yi , Gonsalves Wilson , Siddiqui Mustaqeem , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Dispenzieri Angela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThromboses are prevalent in POEMS syndrome, but few risk factors for POEMS‐associated thrombosis have been identified. The objective of this study is to identify novel risk factors for POEMS‐associated thrombosis. In this retrospective cohort of 230 POEMS patients, 27% developed thrombosis. Arterial events were slightly more common than venous. Stroke accounted for 26% of all thromboses and 53% of arterial events. There were differences in baseline features between the thrombosis group and the no thrombosis group, and these were driven by patients with arterial thrombosis. Risk factors for arterial thrombosis included thrombocytosis, elevated hemoglobin/hematocrit, extravascular volume overload, and splenomegaly. Hyperprolactinemia appeared to be a risk factor for venous thrombosis. The risk of thrombosis was most striking among men with elevated hemoglobin (32% vs. 5%, p < .001) and hematocrit (42% vs. 5%, p < .001) compared to men without. Most thromboses occurred prior to POEMS directed therapy, and most that occurred during therapy happened within 3 months of diagnosis. Twenty‐one percent of patients with thrombosis had recurrence. In recognition of high overall rates of thrombosis in this population, all patients with POEMS syndrome should receive prophylactic antiplatelet therapy, and clinicians should consider anticoagulation in patients with risk factors for POEMS‐associated thrombosis.
Azaphilones as Activation‐Free Primary‐Amine‐Specific Bioconjugation Reagents for Peptides, Proteins and Lipids
Authors: Yi Shandong , Wei Siyuan , Wu Qingsong , Wang Huan , Yao Zhu‐Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResidue‐selective bioconjugation methods for biomolecules are highly sought to expand the scope of their biological and medical applications. Inspired by the mechanism of the generation of natural vinylogous γ‐pyridones (vPDNs), we have developed a novel unique azaphilone‐based, activation‐free primary‐amine‐selective bioconjugation method for biomolecules. Our strategy allows facile functionalization of primary amine groups in peptides and proteins, including the clinically used therapeutic antibody trastuzumab, by generating a highly stable vPDN linkage. Excellent chemoselectivity toward primary amines also enables the azaphilone derivatives to specifically modify the lipid components of Gram‐positive bacteria while bypassing Gram‐negative bacteria and mammalian cells. The new method shows significant advantages including chemoselectivity, efficiency, flexibility and biocompatibility, and therefore provides a valuable addition to the current toolbox for biomolecule conjugation.
Controlling Syneresis of Hydrogels Using Organic Salts
Authors: Panja Santanu , Dietrich Bart , Adams Dave J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels can spontaneously undergo syneresis through fibre–fibre interactions and expel significant amounts of water upon aging. In this process, the hydrophobicity of fibres which regulates the 3D‐rearrangement of the self‐assembled structures during syneresis is important. Here, we show that we can control the hydrophobic microenvironment of gels by incorporating organic salts into the co‐assembled gel fibres thereby enabling control of the macroscopic gel volume phase transition.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Melt‐Processable Supramolecular Soft Actuators
Authors: Lugger Sean J. D. , Mulder Dirk J. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe application of reprocessable and reprogrammable soft actuators is limited by the synthetic strategies, 3D‐shaping capabilities, and small deformations. In this work, melt‐processable supramolecular soft actuators based on segmented copolymers containing thiourethane and liquid crystal segments have been prepared via sequential thiol addition reactions in a one‐pot approach using commercially available building blocks. The actuators demonstrated immediate, reversible response and weightlifting capabilities with large deformations up to 32 %. Through exploiting the supramolecular cross‐links, the material could be recycled and reprogrammed into 3D actuators and welded into an actuator assembly with different deformation modes. Our work offers a one‐pot synthesis and straightforward melt‐processable approach to prepare supramolecular soft actuators with large deformations that can be reprocessed and reprogrammed into arbitrary 3D shapes.
Recycled polyethylene/polycarbonate blends compatibilized with oxidized polyethylene/CaCO3
Authors: Ghosh Arun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) and polycarbonate (PC) are not thermodynamically miscible, and they tend to be phase‐separated during melt‐processing, because of significant incompatibility in structures and properties. Interestingly, minerals such as CaCO3 are used in PE‐based supermarket bags for improving surface characteristics. In this study, recycled low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and PC resins are melt‐blended at 50/50 wt%, without and with oxidized polyethylene (OPE) as a compatibilizer. A parallel experiment is conducted with 50/50 blends of virgin LDPE and PC resins. Various characteristics such as tensile, viscoelastic, melt‐flow, and phase morphology of the materials are analyzed. The 50/50 blend of recycled LDPE/PC blend shows an average tensile strength of 15 MPa, which increases to 24 MPa on the addition of 5 wt% OPE, where total recycled content is 95 wt% including 15 wt% CaCO3. Notably, the presence of CaCO3‐based filler in recycled LDPE has a profound effect in improving the mechanical performance of the materials.
Cross‐linked cationic polyvinyl alcohol for improving mechanical strength of paper
Authors: Li Kaibin , Li Xiaorui , Wang Dan , Zhou Chunsheng , Shen Yiding 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCross‐linked cationic polyvinyl alcohol (CPVA) is obtained by solution polymerization using vinyl acetate (VAc) and N‐(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide (IBMA) as main raw materials and free radical co‐polymerization using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DM) as modified monomers. The structure is characterized by HNMR. The effects of DM monomer on the properties of CPVA are investigated. It turns out that CPVA dispersion is a Bingham fluid with good stability. The particle size of CPVA reaches minimum and the value is 147.2 nm, which is in favor of infiltration into the paper. It is more suitable for the DM dosage ranging from 2% to 2.5% in light of the mechanical properties of CPVA film. The obtained CPVA is amorphous and the degree of crystallinity is decreased. When used as surface sizing agent for paper, the water absorption of the sizing paper reaches minimum and the folding resistance reaches maximum when DM is 2.5%. The maximum dry and wet tensile indexes of the paper are increased by 190.71% and 331.09%, respectively. SEM results shows that the larger pores between the paper fibers are filled and cross‐linked after CPVA sizing, which is beneficial to the improvement of paper strength.
Host plant adaptability and proteomic differences of diverse Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) lineages
Authors: Guo Jianqing , Hao Gang , Hatt Séverin , Wang Zhenying , Francis Frédéric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) can feed on various cereal crops and transmit viruses that may cause serious economic losses. To test the impact of both host plant species and age on R. maidis, as well as the proteomic difference of diverse populations, we first investigated the survival and reproduction of six R. maidis populations (i.e., LF, HF, GZ, DY, BJ, and MS) via a direct observation method in the laboratory on 10 and 50 cm high maize seedlings, and 10 cm high barley seedlings. Then a proteomic approach was implemented to identify the differentially expressed proteins from both aphids and endosymbionts of BJ and MS populations. Results indicated that the BJ population performed significantly better than the others on both barley and 50 cm high maize seedlings, while no population could survive on 10 cm high maize seedlings. The proteomic results demonstrated that the expression levels of myosin heavy chain (muscle isoform X12) (spot 781) and peroxidase (spot 1383) were upregulated, while ATP‐dependent protease Hsp 100 (spot 2137) from Hamiltonella defensa and protein SYMBAF (spot 2703) from Serratia symbiotica were downregulated in the BJ population when compared to expression levels of the MS population. We hypothesize that the fatalness observed on 10 cm high maize seedlings may be caused by secondary metabolites that are synthesized by the seedlings and the MS population of R. maidis should be more stress‐resistant than the BJ population. Our results also provide insights for understanding the interaction between host plants and aphids.
Study on the asteroidal spin characteristics in the Hungaria region
Authors: Wang Yi‐Bo , Xu Yan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHungaria region locates the inner edge of asteroidal main belt with the high orbital inclination and is surrounded by several resonances, in which more small asteroids (size less than 11 km) reside. We estimate the spin states for eight fast (rotation period ) rotators in this region based on the dense photometric data and discover that seven of them are in the retrograde spin state. By the analysis on the distributions of spin characteristics, 35 out of 59 Hungaria region members exhibit a tendency—their obliquities distribute in the range larger than , and especially, most of them clustering significantly in the interval of . Meanwhile, it is also noted that the Hungaria region asteroids with the fast spin (rotation period ) show more significant clustering characteristic.
Sex differences in age of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary evidence from Uganda
Authors: Bonney Emmanuel , Abbo Catherine , Ogara Collin , Villalobos Michele E. , Elison Jed T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was performed to determine (a) the age at which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is first diagnosed in Ugandan children receiving mental health services, (b) whether age at diagnosis varies by sex and clinical presentation, and (c) the average age of ASD diagnosis in children manifesting comorbid conditions. A retrospective chart review was performed and demographic as well as clinical data were collected from children with ASD diagnoses who attended two mental health clinics in Uganda between 2014 and 2019. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Independent t‐test was also performed to determine differences in the mean age of diagnosis between males and females. Two hundred and thirty‐seven (156 males, 81 females) children with ASD were identified. The average age of ASD diagnosis was (6.9 ± 4.0) years. A statistically significant difference in age of ASD diagnosis was found between males and females (t = −2.106, p = 0.036), such that on average females received a diagnosis at least 1 year later than males. Of the 237 participants, 53.6% were identified with ASD only, 16.0% had ASD and ADHD, 10.5% were diagnosed with ASD and epilepsy, and 7.2% had a diagnosis of complex ASD. The results confirm delays in access to ASD diagnosis and suggest that females are more likely to receive a ASD diagnosis later than males within the Ugandan context. ASD awareness should be intensified to improve public or professional knowledge about ASD to enhance early identification in Uganda.
Mutation screening of multiple Pakistani MCPH families revealed novel and recurrent protein‐truncating mutations of ASPM
Authors: Hussain Sadam , Nawaz Amjad , Hamid Malaika , Ullah Waseem , Khan Iqbal Nawaz , Afshan Mehak , Rehman Adil , Nawaz Hamid , Halswick Julia , Rehman Shoaib‐ur , Ahmad Sohail , Muzammal Muhammad , Muhammad Noor , Jan Abid , Khan Saadullah , Windpassinger Christian , Khan Muzammil Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutosomal primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a heterogenetic disorder that affects brain's cerebral cortex size and leads to a reduction in the cranial vault. Along with the hallmark feature of reduced head circumference, microcephalic patients also exhibit a variable degree of intellectual disability as well. Genetic studies have reported 28 MCPH genes, most of which produce microtubule‐associated proteins and are involved in cell division. Herein this study, 14 patients from seven Pashtun origin Pakistani families of primary microcephaly were analyzed. Mutation analysis was performed through targeted Sanger DNA sequencing on the basis of phenotype‐linked genetic makeup. Genetic analysis in one family found a novel pathogenic DNA change in the abnormal spindle microtubule assembly (ASPM) gene (NM_018136.4:c.3871dupGA), while the rest of the families revealed recurrent nonsense mutation c.3978G>A (p.Trp1326*) in the same gene. The novel reported frameshift insertion presumably truncates the protein p.(Lys1291Glyfs*14) and deletes the N‐terminus domains. Identification of novel ASPM‐truncating mutation expands the mutational spectrum of the ASPM gene, while mapping of recurrent mutation c.3978G>A (p.Trp1326*) will aid in establishing its founder effect in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) inhabitant population of Pakistan and should be suggestively screened for premarital counseling of MCPH susceptible families. Most of the recruited families are related to first‐degree consanguinity. Hence, all the family elders were counseled to avoid intrafamilial marriages.
Synergistic thermophilic co‐fermentation of food and lignocellulosic urban waste with steam explosion pretreatment for efficient hydrogen and carboxylic acid production
Authors: Allegue Luis D. , Puyol Daniel , Melero Juan Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe EU's bioeconomy strategy has a strong commitment to the development of biotechnological approaches to convert municipal solid biowastes into value‐added products. In this context, the current study investigated the thermophilic co‐fermentation of pruning lignocellulosic and food wastes to co‐produce hydrogen and carboxylic acids. Steam explosion pretreatment considerably enhanced the chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization reaching values up to 80% even with high lignocellulosic waste content. Acidification yield in terms of COD was strongly dependent on thermal pretreatment, varying from 20–30% up to ca. 60% with thermal pretreatment of the mixed urban waste. Under the best tested conditions, thermophilic co‐fermentation produced up to 162 ± 5 mlH2 gCOD−1. This hydrogen production decreased notably with the increase in the lignocellulosic fraction in the feed, the effect being stronger in the absence of thermal treatment. The results clearly showed a positive synergy effect in the overall efficiency of acidogenic fermentation and the strong dependence of carboxylic acid distribution on the initial composition of the feed. Values up to 0.58 gCOD of carboxylic acids per gCOD added were achieved with thermal pretreatment of the mixed urban waste, resulting in 93% acidification. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Cell population‐based framework of genetic epidemiology in the single‐cell omics era
Authors: Okada Daigo , Zheng Cheng , Cheng Jian Hao , Yamada Ryo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenetic epidemiology is a rapidly advancing field due to the recent availability of large amounts of omics data. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain omics information at the single‐cell level, so genetic epidemiological models need to be updated to integrate with single‐cell expression data. In this perspective paper, we propose a cell population‐based framework for genetic epidemiology in the single‐cell era. In this framework, genetic diversity influences phenotypic diversity through the diversity of cell population profiles, which are defined as high‐dimensional probability distributions of the state spaces of biomolecules of each omics layer. We discuss how biomolecular experimental measurement data can capture the different properties of this distribution. In particular, single‐cell data constitute a sample from this population distribution where only some coordinate values are observable. From a data analysis standpoint, we introduce methodology for feature extraction from cell population profiles. Finally, we discuss how this framework can be applied not only to genetic epidemiology but also to systems biology.
Does bisphenol A bioaccumulate on zebrafish? Determination of tissue bisphenol A level
Authors: Eser Burcu , Tural Rabia , Gunal Aysel Caglan , Sepici Dincel Aylin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a high‐production‐volume industrial chemical mainly used in the production of polycarbonates and epoxy resins utilized in the manufacture of containers, bottles, toys, and medical devices. It has systemic effects as an endocrine disruptor even at low doses. To analyze its quantity in biological materials, sensitive and reproducible methods have to be used.Different doses and duration (90 and 900 μg/L, 24 and 120 h, and 21 days) of BPA exposure to whole body zebrafish were analyzed after specific homogenization of tissue, and then a modified method HPLC was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and water using a gradient method of reversed‐phase C18 column, and excitation = 227 nm/emission = 313 nm. The calibration curve for BPA using HPLC‐fluorescence detection method was between a concentration range of 1 and 1000 ng/mL and linear, and r2 = 0.999.The mean and standard error of mean values were 4.29 ± 1.05, 2.50 ± 0.92, and 2.53 ± 0.68 for control; 10.43 ± 2.61, 11.46 ± 3.24, and 8.55 ± 3.11 for BPA‐90 μg/L; and 17.78 ± 4.39, 21.55 ± 4.37, and 25.32 ± 3.25 for BPA‐900 μg/L (24 h, 120 h, and 21 days, respectively).Although some statistical significance among dose/time was observed between two different dose‐treated groups, statistical significance was not found in dose/time results within the group. However, the positive result of BPA in the control group can be explained by low‐dose, chronic exposure or prevalence of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals.
Impact of underlying malignancy on emergency department utilization and outcomes
Authors: Qian Alexander S. , Qiao Edmund M. , Nalawade Vinit , Voora Rohith S. , Kotha Nikhil V. , Dameff Christian , Coyne Christopher J. , Murphy James D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeCancer patients frequently utilize the emergency department (ED) for a variety of diagnoses both related to and unrelated to their cancer, yet ED outcomes for cancer patients are not well documented. This study sought to define risks and identify predictors for inpatient admission and hospital mortality among cancer patients presenting to the ED.Patients and MethodsWe utilized the National Emergency Department Sample to identify patients with and without a diagnosis of cancer presenting to the ED between January 2016 and December 2018. We used multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression models to assess the influence of cancer on outcomes of hospital admission after the ED visit and hospital mortality for the whole patient cohort and individual presenting diagnoses.ResultsThere were 340 million weighted ED visits, of which 8.3 million (2.3%) were associated with a cancer diagnosis. Compared to non‐cancer patients, patients with cancer had an increased risk of inpatient admission (64.7% vs. 14.8%; p < 0.0001) and hospital mortality (4.6% vs. 0.5%; p < 0.0001). For each of the top 15 presenting diagnoses, cancer patients had increased risks of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] range 2.0–13.2) or death (OR range 2.1–14.4). Although our dataset does not contain reliable estimation of stage, cancer site was the most robust individual predictor associated with the risk of hospitalization or death compared to other clinical or system‐related factors.ConclusionsCancer patients in the ED have high risks for hospital admission and death when compared to patients without cancer. Cancer patients represent a distinct population and may benefit from cancer‐specific risk stratification or focused interventions to improve outcomes.
Electrochemical Characterization of Redox Probes Confined in 3D Conducting Polymer Networks
Authors: Kuhlmann Jochen E. , Liu Sherri S. Y. , Dirnberger Klaus , Zharnikov Michael , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript we present a versatile platform for introducing functional redox species into tailor‐made 3D redox polymer networks. Electrochemical characterization based on cyclic voltammetry is applied to verify the immobilization of the redox species within the conducting networks. Ultimately this strategy shall be extended to (photo)electrocatalytic applications which will profit from the conducting polymer matrix. Soluble precursor copolymers are synthesized via radical copolymerization of vinyltriphenylamine (VTPA) with chloromethylstyrene (CMS) in different ratios, whereas CMS is subsequently converted into azidomethylstyrene (AMS) to yield poly(VTPA‐co‐AMS) copolymers. Spin‐coating of poly(VTPA‐co‐AMS) on gold electrodes yields thin films which are converted into stable polymer network structures by electrochemical crosslinking of the polymer chains via their pendant triphenylamine groups to yield N,N,N′,N′‐tetraphenylbenzidine (TPB) crosslinking points. Finally, the resulting redox‐active, TPB‐crosslinked films are functionalized with ethynylferrocene (EFc) as a representative redox probe using a click reaction. Main experimental tools are polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and scan rate dependent cyclic voltammetry. Especially the latter proves the successful conversion and the immobilization of redox probes in the polymer matrix. The results are compared with the reference system of azide‐terminated self‐assembled monolayers on gold substrates, allowing to distinguish between free and immobilized EFc species.
Coordination Cage‐Based Emulsifiers: Templated Formation of Metal Oxide Microcapsules Monitored by In Situ LC‐TEM
Authors: Saha Subhadeep , Chen Yen‐Ting , Ganta Sudhakar , Gilles Markus , Holzapfel Björn , Lill Pascal , Rehage Heinz , Gatsogiannis Christos , Clever Guido H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetallo‐supramolecular self‐assembly has yielded a plethora of discrete nanosystems, many of which show competence in capturing guests and catalyzing chemical reactions. However, the potential of low‐molecular bottom‐up self‐assemblies in the development of structured inorganic materials has rarely been methodically explored so far. Herein, we present a new type of metallo‐supramolecular surfactant with the ability to stabilize non‐aqueous emulsions for a significant period. The molecular design of the surfactant is based on a heteroleptic coordination cage (CGA‐3; CGA=Cage‐based Gemini Amphiphile), assembled from two pairs of organic building blocks, grouped around two Pd(II) cations. Shape‐complementarity between the differently functionalized components generates discrete amphiphiles with a tailor‐made polarity profile, able to stabilize non‐aqueous emulsions, such as hexadecane‐in‐DMSO. These emulsions were used as a medium for the synthesis of spherical metal oxide microcapsules (titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, and niobium oxide) from soluble, water‐sensitive alkoxide precursors by allowing a controlled dosage of water to the liquid‐liquid phase boundary. Synthesized materials were analyzed by a combination of electron microscopic techniques. In situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC‐TEM) was utilized for the first time to visualize the dynamics of the emulsion‐templated formation of hollow inorganic titanium oxide and zirconium oxide microspheres.