bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications, conflicts, and reductions for Steiner trees
Authors: Rehfeldt Daniel , Koch Thorsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Steiner tree problem in graphs (SPG) is one of the most studied problems in combinatorial optimization. In the past 10 years, there have been significant advances concerning approximation and complexity of the SPG. However, the state of the art in (practical) exact solution of the SPG has remained largely unchallenged for almost 20 years. While the DIMACS Challenge 2014 and the PACE Challenge 2018 brought renewed interest into Steiner tree problems, even the best new SPG solvers cannot match the state of the art on the vast majority of benchmark instances. The following article seeks to advance exact SPG solution once again. The article is based on a combination of three concepts: Implications, conflicts, and reductions. As a result, various new SPG techniques are conceived. Notably, several of the resulting techniques are (provably) stronger than well-known methods from the literature that are used in exact SPG algorithms. Finally, by integrating the new methods into a branch-and-cut framework, we obtain an exact SPG solver that is not only competitive with, but even outperforms the current state of the art on an extensive collection of benchmark sets. Furthermore, we can solve several instances for the first time to optimality.
Advance rent mobilisation strategies of graduate renters in Ghana: a submarket of the private rental housing market
Authors: Asante Lewis Abedi , Ehwi Richmond Juvenile , Gavu Emmanuel Kofi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe practice of advance rent, where landlords ask renters to pay a lump-sum rent covering 2 or more years, is gaining scholarly and political attention in Africa. Nevertheless, there is limited empirical research investigating how renters mobilize funds to meet this financial commitment. Existing literature suggests that renters, irrespective of their educational level, face difficulties in paying advance rent, hence compelling them to rely mainly on their bonding (family and friends) and bridging (employers and financial institutions) social capital to pay advance rent. Drawing on rational choice and social capital theories coupled with data from a novel (graduate) sub-market of Ghana’s rental housing market, this article finds that personal savings remain the most rational current and future source of funding options graduate renters draw upon to pay advance rent, albeit some still drawing on their social capital. The findings demonstrate that graduate renters do not use bonding social capital in their future mobilization strategies after they have drawn on the same in previous years, although they continue to rely on their bridging social capital and other strategies to mobilize funds for advance rent. The study suggests the need to rethink rational choice and social capital theories to incorporate inter-temporal dynamics among different social groups and to traverse the current binary conception of the rental housing market in Ghana to consider different sub-markets and how they respond to existing challenges in the housing sector.
Rigid impacts of three-dimensional rocking structures
Authors: Várkonyi Péter L. , Kocsis Márton , Ther Tamás 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudies of rocking motion aim to explain the remarkable earthquake resistance of rocking structures. State-of-the-art assessment methods are mostly based on planar models, despite ongoing efforts to understand the significance of three-dimensionality. Impacts are essential components of rocking motion. We present experimental measurements of free-rocking blocks on a rigid surface, focusing on extreme sensitivity of impacts to geometric imperfections, unpredictability, and the emergence of three-dimensional motion via spontaneous symmetry breaking. These results inspire the development of new impact models of three-dimensional facet and edge impacts of polyhedral objects. Our model is a natural generalization of existing planar models based on the seminal work of George W. Housner. Model parameters are estimated empirically for rectangular blocks. Finally, new perspectives in earthquake assessment of rocking structures are discussed.
A comprehensive conceptual and bibliometric study of person-centered methodologies
Authors: Rey-Martí Andrea , Sendra-Pons Pau , Garzón Dolores , Mas-Tur Alicia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPerson-centered approaches, such as latent profile analysis (LPA) and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), have gained in popularity in organizational scholarship because of their ability to provide insight into how interrelations between a group of conditions can lead to a particular outcome. Despite the growing acceptance of person-centered approaches in social science research, traditional variable-centered approaches continue to prevail, although their dominance is increasingly questioned. This paper offers in-depth analysis of the current state of QCA and LPA from both a conceptual and a bibliometric perspective. This study thus aims to contextualize the role of person-centered methodologies in organizational scholarship. This aim is important, given the significance of exploring novel approaches to advance knowledge in organizational research. This paper provides scholars with quantifiable and readily comparable information on the use of these emerging but promising methods in organizational studies. Ultimately, this scientific contribution sheds light on the current and prospective applications of person-centered methods in research. Moreover, it offers scholars who are considering applying these methods objective analysis of the scientific production in this area thus far.
Long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA axes in the olfactory epithelium in schizophrenia: a bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Sabaie Hani , Mazaheri Moghaddam Marziyeh , Mazaheri Moghaddam Madiheh , Amirinejad Nazanin , Asadi Mohammad Reza , Daneshmandpour Yousef , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Taheri Mohammad , Rezazadeh Maryam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ), as a serious mental illness, is unknown. The significance of genetics in SCZ pathophysiology is yet unknown, and newly identified mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene transcription may be helpful in determining how these changes affect SCZ development and progression. In the current work, we used a bioinformatics approach to describe the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-associated competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) samples in order to better understand the molecular regulatory processes implicated in SCZ disorders in living individuals. The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to obtain the OE microarray dataset (GSE73129) from SCZ sufferers and control subjects, which contained information about both lncRNAs and mRNAs. The limma package of R software was used to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). RNA interaction pairs were discovered using the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, DIANA-LncBase, and miRTarBase databases. In this study, the Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to find positive correlations between DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs in the ceRNA network. Eventually, lncRNA-associated ceRNA axes were developed based on co-expression relations and DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA interactions. This work found six potential DElncRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA loops in SCZ pathogenesis, including, SNTG2-AS1/hsa-miR-7-5p/SLC7A5, FLG-AS1/hsa-miR-34a-5p/FOSL1, LINC00960/hsa-miR-34a-5p/FOSL1, AQP4-AS1/hsa-miR-335-5p/FMN2, SOX2-OT/hsa-miR-24-3p/NOS3, and CASC2/hsa-miR-24-3p/NOS3. According to the findings, ceRNAs in OE might be promising research targets for studying SCZ molecular mechanisms. This could be a great opportunity to examine different aspects of neurodevelopment that may have been hampered early in SCZ patients.
Internet of vehicle's resource management in 5G networks using AI technologies: Current status and trends
Authors: Elfatih Nada M. , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Kamal Zeinab , Gupta Deepa , Saeed Rashid A. , Ali Elmustafa Sayed , Hosain Md. Sarwar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Vehicle‐to‐Everything (V2X) concept have emerged from IoT technology, which refers to connecting many vehicles with various applications to the internet. The 5G new radio is based on a cloud‐radio access network (CRAN), considered as the communication infrastructure for IoV. However, due to the significant challenges and issues, researchers have been working on IoV and V2X. One of the main challenges for V2X is resource allocation and management for a high‐speed vehicular environment. This paper discusses and provides complete detail for resource allocation and management for IoV over 5G RAN networks focusing on artificial intelligence techniques. The paper also presented reviews on integrating the multi‐layers of vehicular network architecture with AI strategy to identify advancement and future directions for resource allocation and management issues.
Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis Associated with Intrathecal Flow Voids: Demonstration of Engorged Veins Using Flat Panel Catheter Angiotomography
Authors: Yadav Nishtha , Hedaoo Ketan , Kumar Ambuj 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a case of a 54-year-old male with spinal epidural lipomatosis who had associated flow voids on magnetic resonance imaging with dilated intrathecal vessels. During spinal angiogram, 20s DynaCT (flat panel catheter angiotomography) was utilized to demonstrate the intrathecal engorged veins. Venous engorgement of epidural venous plexus has been previously described in epidural lipomatosis; however, dilated intrathecal perimedullary veins have not been demonstrated by imaging. We have described the utility of flat panel catheter angiotomography in understanding venous disorders in such patients.
Supervised Physical Therapy Versus Video-Assisted Technique for Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shetty Spoorthi , KU Dhanesh Kumar , Chippala Purusotham 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective To compare the effect of supervised physical therapy versus video-assisted technique in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain.
Materials and Methods This is a comparative study. Forty-two patients were recruited in the study where they were randomized by simple random sampling. Group A (n = 21) received supervised physical therapy, and Group B (n = 21) received the video-assisted technique. The intervention was given 45 minutes per day for 15 days. The measures of visual analog scale (VAS) and Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) were taken both at baseline and after 15 days of intervention.
Results Comparison between the two groups using Mann–Whitney U test, supervised physiotherapy group showed significant improvement in VAS on activity, RMQ, and RMQ percentage (p < 0.005). However, Group A, VAS on rest was not significant (p > 0.005).
Conclusion Supervised physical therapy is effective in reducing pain on activity and improved the disability of patients with chronic mechanical low back pain than the video-assisted technique.
Six-Minute Walk Test and its Correlation with Spirometry in Stable COPD Patients
Authors: Krishna B. Sai , Mohapatra Amrut Kumar , Behera Debasis , Jagaty Suman Kumar , Subhankar Saswat , Venkataram Rajesh , Dash D. P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives An impaired exercise tolerance, the main feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), occurs due to multiple factors. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is easy to perform, well-tolerated, and more reflective of activities of daily living. The facility of spirometry is unavailable in many areas of India, where 6MWT can be done easily. This study aims to compare the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) with various demographic, clinical, and spirometry parameters.
Materials and Methods A total of 118 consecutive stable COPD patients fitting the criteria were included in the study. Spirometry was performed in these patients before and after giving a short-acting bronchodilator. 6MWT was performed according to the ATS guidelines. All patients underwent the 6MWT after 10 minutes of spirometry. Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad calculator and SPSS 24.0.
Statistical Analysis All data were clubbed together in a single Excel chart. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 24.0. Descriptive data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Qualitative data are presented as a percentage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare between means. The linear regression model was used to compare between variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results The majority of the patients were > 60 years of age (mean age = 62.99 ± 6.68 years) and comprised males and females in the ratio 5.9:1. Smoking was determined to be the most important predisposing factor for the development of COPD. There was a significant negative correlation between 6MWD, age, and smoking index (p = 0.0075 and 0.0295 respectively). The 6MWD showed a significant positive correlation with FEV1 (in liters), FEV1 (%), FVC (in liters), and FVC (%). The 6MWD (meters) and % predicted 6MWD showed a significant negative correlation with a drop in SpO2 after the 6MWT (r = –0.36; p = 0.000769, r = –0.3; p = 0.004, respectively).
Conclusion 6MWT can be used in cases of COPD where spirometry is unavailable as it correlates significantly with various parameters of the latter.
Ureteric Rupture: Rare Complication of Inappropriate Urinary Bladder Catheterization
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Sharma Mini , Nayyar Nishant , Rana Lokesh , Sood Dinesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe have reported case of 71-year-old male with acute urinary retention due to gross prostatomegaly. Due to inappropriate catheterization, urinary bladder remained distended and ultimately caused left ureteric rupture. This article is peculiar as it shows that misplaced Foley's catheter may also lead to exceedingly rare complication of ureteric rupture and highlights importance of proper management of difficult catheterization which is otherwise considered a simple procedure.
Two Clinical Cases of Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma Illustrating Avelumab Tolerability in Elderly Patients
Authors: Josephs Bridget , Sewak Sanjeev 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present two cases of primary cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma in a 80-year and a 95-year old patient. Both patients had a wide local excision, but early recurrences occurred. Case 1 required palliative radiotherapy. He did not receive chemotherapy but case 2 did. They then proceeded to have immunotherapy with sustained responses lasting greater than 2 and 3 years. This report highlights an important new class of drug for the treatment of advanced Merkel cell carcinoma. Furthermore, our case report demonstrates that avelumab immunotherapy can be safely delivered to elderly patients, including 80- and 95-year-old patients. This report parallels the high and durable response rates to avelumab (including complete responses) that were shown in the JAVELIN phase II trials.
Performance of the microINR Point-of-Care System Used by Self-Testing Patients: A Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Refaai Majed A. , Jacobson Alan K. , Rosenfeld Jack C. , Orr Robert R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Anticoagulation monitoring is a major practical and clinical challenge. We assessed the performance of the microINR system in patient self-testing (PST).
Methods This study was performed at four US medical centers. After the training visit of warfarin anticoagulated patients (n = 117) on microINR system, PST was performed at home and in two visits to the medical centers. At the medical centers, both PST and healthcare professionals (HCPs) performed duplicate tests with the microINR System. A venous blood sample for the laboratory testing was also extracted. Accuracy and precision were assessed.
Results The comparison between microINR PST results and microINR HCP results revealed an equivalence with a slope of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.00), and an intercept of 0.00 (95% CI: 0.00–0.00). When compared with the laboratory analyzer, microINR PST results also showed good correlation with a slope of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.86–1.04) and an intercept of 0.14 (95% CI: -0.09–0.34). Predicted bias values at international normalized ratio (INR) 2.0, 3.5, and 4.5 were 0% against HCP and ≤2.5% against the laboratory. Analytical agreement with both HCP and laboratory was 100% according to ISO17593 and 99.1 and 100% according to CLSI POCT14 with HCP and laboratory, respectively. Clinical agreement with HCP regarding 2.0–4.0 as INR therapeutic range was 98% (within range). The precision (coefficient of variation) of microINR system used by PST was comparable to HCP.
Conclusion The microINR results when used by self-testing patients show satisfactory concordance to both HCP results and laboratory analyzer. The microINR system is adequate for self-testing use.
PKD-dependent PARP12-catalyzed mono-ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 is required for E-cadherin transport from Golgi to plasma membrane
Authors: Grimaldi Giovanna , Filograna Angela , Schembri Laura , Lo Monte Matteo , Di Martino Rosaria , Pirozzi Marinella , Spano Daniela , Beccari Andrea R. , Parashuraman Seetharaman , Luini Alberto , Valente Carmen , Corda Daniela 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Proteins are modified by many posttranslational modifications (PTMs) with crucial regulatory functions. A PTM attracting increasing interest is ADP-ribosylation, capable of altering crucial cellular targets. We show that mono-ADP-ribosylation by PARP12 of the protein Golgin-97 regulates transport to the plasma membrane of a specific group of functionally crucial cargo proteins. PARP12 is shown to be part of a regulatory cascade initiated by PKD and involving the direct phosphorylation and activation of PARP12. These events define, through Golgin-97 mono-ADP-ribosylation, a Golgi sorting mechanism for specific basolateral cargoes, including E-cadherin. Defects in this cascade impair E-cadherin transport and formation of cell–cell contacts, with potential consequences for the formation of adherens junctions, polarization of epithelial cells, and development of epithelial–mesenchymal transformation.
Eulerian simulation of complex suspensions and biolocomotion in three dimensions
Authors: Lin Yuexia Luna , Derr Nicholas J. , Rycroft Chris H. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Fluid–structure interactions are ubiquitous in many natural and man-made environments. They are difficult to study analytically, and therefore accurate and flexible computational methods are an indispensable tool in the field. Typically, fluids are simulated with a fixed background computational mesh, whereas a solid is simulated with a mesh that moves with it, making it challenging to couple the two. Here we develop a three-dimensional computational method where both fluid and solid can be represented on a fixed computational grid, which simplifies the coupling between the two phases considerably. Our method can simulate scenarios that are difficult to do with other methods, such as complex suspensions containing soft particles that are both heavier and lighter than the fluid.
Lipid bilayer induces contraction of the denatured state ensemble of a helical-bundle membrane protein
Authors: Gaffney Kristen A. , Guo Ruiqiong , Bridges Michael D. , Muhammednazaar Shaima , Chen Daoyang , Kim Miyeon , Yang Zhongyu , Schilmiller Anthony L. , Faruk Nabil F. , Peng Xiangda , Jones A. Daniel , Kim Kelly H. , Sun Liangliang , Hubbell Wayne L. , Sosnick Tobin R. , Hong Heedeok 
Published: December 2021

Defining the denatured state ensemble (DSE) and disordered proteins is essential to understanding folding, chaperone action, degradation, and translocation. As compared with water-soluble proteins, the DSE of membrane proteins is much less characterized. Here, we measure the DSE of the helical membrane protein GlpG of
Escherichia coli
(
E. coli
) in native-like lipid bilayers. The DSE was obtained using our steric trapping method, which couples denaturation of doubly biotinylated GlpG to binding of two streptavidin molecules. The helices and loops are probed using limited proteolysis and mass spectrometry, while the dimensions are determined using our paramagnetic biotin derivative and double electron–electron resonance spectroscopy. These data, along with our
Upside
simulations, identify the DSE as being highly dynamic, involving the topology changes and unfolding of some of the transmembrane (TM) helices. The DSE is expanded relative to the native state but only to 15 to 75% of the fully expanded condition. The degree of expansion depends on the local protein packing and the lipid composition.
E. coli
’s lipid bilayer promotes the association of TM helices in the DSE and, probably in general, facilitates interhelical interactions. This tendency may be the outcome of a general lipophobic effect of proteins within the cell membranes.
Transcranial stimulation of alpha oscillations up-regulates the default mode network
Authors: Clancy Kevin J. , Andrzejewski Jeremy A. , You Yuqi , Rosenberg Jens T. , Ding Mingzhou , Li Wen 
Published: December 2021

Significance
In the brain’s functional organization, the default mode network (DMN) represents a key architecture, whose dysregulation is involved in a host of major neuropsychiatric disorders. However, insights into the regulation of the DMN remain scarce. Through neural synchrony, the alpha-frequency oscillation represents another key underpinning of the brain’s organization and is thought to share an inherent interdependence with the DMN. Here, we demonstrated that transcranial alternating current stimulation of alpha oscillations (α-tACS) not only augmented alpha activity but also strengthened connectivity of the DMN, with the former serving as a mediator of the latter. These findings reveal that alpha oscillations can support DMN functioning. In addition, they identify an effective noninvasive approach to regulate the DMN via α-tACS.
A synergy between mechanosensitive calcium- and membrane-binding mediates tension-sensing by C2-like domains
Authors: Shen Zhouyang , Belcheva Kalina T. , Jelcic Mark , Hui King Lam , Katikaneni Anushka , Niethammer Philipp 
Published: December 2021

Significance
A cell must be able to measure whether the lipid membranes that surround its insides are stretched. Currently, mechanosensitive ion channels are the best-studied class of membrane tension sensors, but recent work suggests that peripheral membrane enzymes that gauge nuclear confinement or swelling during cell migration or upon tissue injury constitute a second class. The mechanosensitivity of these enzymes derives from their calcium-dependent (“C2-like”) membrane-interaction domains. Although these can be found in many important signaling proteins, they have remained virtually unstudied as mechanotransducers. How membrane tension controls these domains and what features render them mechanosensitive is unclear. Here, we show that membrane tension-sensing by C2-like domains is mediated by a synergy between mechanosensitive calcium-binding and membrane insertion.
Children across societies enforce conventional norms but in culturally variable ways
Authors: Kanngiesser Patricia , Schäfer Marie , Herrmann Esther , Zeidler Henriette , Haun Daniel , Tomasello Michael 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Humans, as compared with other animals, create and follow conventional norms that determine how we greet each other, dress, or play certain games. Conventional norms are universal in all human societies, but it is an open question whether individuals in all societies also actively enforce conventional norms when others in their group break them. We show that 5- to 8-y-old children from eight highly diverse societies enforced conventional norms (i.e., game rules) when they observed a peer who apparently broke them. Magnitude and style of enforcement varied across societies. Third-party enforcement of conventional norms appears to be a human universal that is expressed in culturally variable ways.