bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon assimilating fungi from surface ocean to subseafloor revealed by coupled phylogenetic and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Orsi William D , Vuillemin Aurèle , Coskun Ömer K , Rodriguez Paula , Oertel Yanik , Niggemann Jutta , Mohrholz Volker , Gomez-Saez Gonzalo V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in the ocean and hypothesized to be important members of marine ecosystems, but their roles in the marine carbon cycle are poorly understood. Here, we use 13C DNA stable isotope probing coupled with phylogenetic analyses to investigate carbon assimilation within diverse communities of planktonic and benthic fungi in the Benguela Upwelling System (Namibia). Across the redox stratified water column and in the underlying sediments, assimilation of 13C-labeled carbon from diatom extracellular polymeric substances (13C-dEPS) by fungi correlated with the expression of fungal genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis of genes from 13C-labeled metagenomes revealed saprotrophic lineages related to the facultative yeast Malassezia were the main fungal foragers of pelagic dEPS. In contrast, fungi living in the underlying sulfidic sediments assimilated more 13C-labeled carbon from chemosynthetic bacteria compared to dEPS. This coincided with a unique seafloor fungal community and dissolved organic matter composition compared to the water column, and a 100-fold increased fungal abundance within the subseafloor sulfide-nitrate transition zone. The subseafloor fungi feeding on 13C-labeled chemolithoautotrophs under anoxic conditions were affiliated with Chytridiomycota and Mucoromycota that encode cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes, revealing polysaccharide and protein-degrading fungi that can anaerobically decompose chemosynthetic necromass. These subseafloor fungi, therefore, appear to be specialized in organic matter that is produced in the sediments. Our findings reveal that the phylogenetic diversity of fungi across redox stratified marine ecosystems translates into functionally relevant mechanisms helping to structure carbon flow from primary producers in marine microbiomes from the surface ocean to the subseafloor.
Rho-GEF Trio regulates osteosarcoma progression and osteogenic differentiation through Rac1 and RhoA
Authors: Wang Junyi , Yuan Lichan , Xu Xiaohong , Zhang Zhongyin , Ma Yuhuan , Hong Leilei , Ma Junqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor. Its high mortality rate and metastasis rate seriously threaten human health. Currently, the treatment has reached a plateau, hence we urgently need to explore new therapeutic directions. In this paper, we found that Trio was highly expressed in osteosarcoma than normal tissues and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, Trio inhibited osteosarcoma cells’ osteogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated the growth of osteosarcoma in vivo. Given Trio contains two GEF domains, which have been reported as the regulators of RhoGTPases, we further discovered that Trio could regulate osteosarcoma progression and osteogenic differentiation through activating RhoGTPases. In summary, all our preliminary results showed that Trio could be a potential target and prognostic marker of osteosarcoma.
Loss of TACC1 variant25 inducing cell proliferation and suppressing autophagy in head and neck squamous carcinoma
Authors: Xu Pan , Zhao Ran , Zhang Chen-Yang , Zhang Qian-Qian , Wang Yong , Zhu Jun , Jiang Wei-Wen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein1 (TACC1) is closely related to transcription, translation and centrosome dynamics. Dysregulation of TACC1 is associated with multiple malignancies. Alternative splicing (AS) of TACC1 produces multiple variants, which are of great significance in cancer biology. However, the expression and biological functions of TACC1 variants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that TACC1 variants exhibited a characteristic expression pattern and that TACC1 variant25 (TACC1v25) was downregulated in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of TACC1v25 in Cal27 and Fadu cells significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted autophagy. Moreover, expression levels of nuclear pERK and p-mTOR were significantly decreased, while the expression of Beclin-1 and the LC3II/LC3I ratio were increased in TACC1v25-overexpressed Cal27 and Fadu cells. After the addition of AKT activator SC79 to TACC1v25-overexpressed Cal27 and Fadu cells, the autophagy levels were remarkably rescued. In conclusion, TACC1v25 inhibits HNSCC progression through the ERK and AKT/mTOR pathways by inhibiting proliferation and increasing autophagy. TACC1v25 might have potential use as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC.
Hypoxia-induced Fascin-1 upregulation is regulated by Akt/Rac1 axis and enhances malignant properties of liver cancer cells via mediating actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and Hippo/YAP activation
Authors: Pu Jian , Huang Youguan , Fang Quan , Wang Jianchu , Li Wenchuan , Xu Zuoming , Wu Xianjian , Lu Yuan , Wei Huamei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn solid tumors, hypoxia facilitates malignant progression of cancer cells by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness. Fascin-1, an actin-bundling protein, takes part in the formation of many actin-based cellular structures. In the present study, we explored the potential functions of hypoxia-induced upregulation of Fascin-1 in liver cancer. Transcriptome RNA-sequencing was conducted to identify hypoxia-related genes. The potential functions of Fascin-1 were evaluated by western blot, transwell migration and invasion assays, sphere-formation assay, tumor xenograft growth, gelatin zymography analysis, immunofluorescence, cell viability assay, soft agar assay, and flow cytometry. We found that Fascin-1 was upregulated by hypoxia in liver cancer cell lines, elevated in liver cancer patients and correlated with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and shorter overall survival. Knockdown of Fascin-1 suppressed migration, invasion, EMT, stemness, and tumor xenograft growth of liver cancer cells under both normoxia and hypoxia conditions, while forced Fascin-1 expression showed opposite effects. Moreover, hypoxia-induced upregulation of Fascin-1 was regulated by the Akt/Rac1 signaling, and inhibition of Akt/Rac1 signaling by EHop-016 and MK-2206 restrained migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness of liver cancer cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, Fascin-1 knockdown suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, impaired actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, inactivated Hippo/YAP signaling, and increased Sorafenib sensitivity in liver cancer cells. Our study provided a novel insight of Fascin-1 in regulating migration, invasion, EMT, and stemness of liver cancer cells under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.
The polar night shift: seasonal dynamics and drivers of Arctic Ocean microbiomes revealed by autonomous sampling
Authors: Wietz Matthias , Bienhold Christina , Metfies Katja , Torres-Valdés Sinhué , von Appen Wilken-Jon , Salter Ian , Boetius Antje 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Arctic Ocean features extreme seasonal differences in daylight, temperature, ice cover, and mixed layer depth. However, the diversity and ecology of microbes across these contrasting environmental conditions remain enigmatic. Here, using autonomous samplers and sensors deployed at two mooring sites, we portray an annual cycle of microbial diversity, nutrient concentrations and physical oceanography in the major hydrographic regimes of the Fram Strait. The ice-free West Spitsbergen Current displayed a marked separation into a productive summer (dominated by diatoms and carbohydrate-degrading bacteria) and regenerative winter state (dominated by heterotrophic Syndiniales, radiolarians, chemoautotrophic bacteria, and archaea). The autumn post-bloom with maximal nutrient depletion featured Coscinodiscophyceae, Rhodobacteraceae (e.g. Amylibacter) and the SAR116 clade. Winter replenishment of nitrate, silicate and phosphate, linked to vertical mixing and a unique microbiome that included Magnetospiraceae and Dadabacteriales, fueled the following phytoplankton bloom. The spring-summer succession of Phaeocystis, Grammonema and Thalassiosira coincided with ephemeral peaks of Aurantivirga, Formosa, Polaribacter and NS lineages, indicating metabolic relationships. In the East Greenland Current, deeper sampling depth, ice cover and polar water masses concurred with weaker seasonality and a stronger heterotrophic signature. The ice-related winter microbiome comprised Bacillaria, Naviculales, Polarella, Chrysophyceae and Flavobacterium ASVs. Low ice cover and advection of Atlantic Water coincided with diminished abundances of chemoautotrophic bacteria while others such as Phaeocystis increased, suggesting that Atlantification alters microbiome structure and eventually the biological carbon pump. These insights promote the understanding of microbial seasonality and polar night ecology in the Arctic Ocean, a region severely affected by climate change.
Strong Purcell enhancement at telecom wavelengths afforded by spinel Fe3O4 nanocrystals with size-tunable plasmonic properties
Authors: Dolgopolova Ekaterina A. , Li Dongfang , Hartman Steven T. , Watt John , Ríos Carlos , Hu Juejun , Kukkadapu Ravi , Casson Joanna , Bose Riya , Malko Anton V. , Blake Anastasia V. , Ivanov Sergei , Roslyak Oleksiy , Piryatinski Andrei , Htoon Han , Chen Hou-Tong , Pilania Ghanshyam , Hollingsworth Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2021

Magnetite Fe3O4 is known for its magnetic properties, but at the nanoscale it can also support a localized surface plasmon and contribute to applications in nanoplasmonics from information processing and telecommunications to light-based sensing.
Encoding patterns for quantum algorithms
Authors: Weigold Manuela , Barzen Johanna , Leymann Frank , Salm Marie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs quantum computers are based on the laws of quantum mechanics, they are capable of solving certain problems faster than their classical counterparts. However, quantum algorithms with a theoretical speed‐up often assume that data can be loaded efficiently. In general, the runtime complexity of the loading routine depends on (i) the data encoding that defines how the data is represented by the state of the quantum computer and (ii) the data itself. In some cases, loading the data requires at least exponential time that destroys a potential speed‐up. And especially for the first generation of devices that are currently available, the resources (qubits and operations) needed to encode the data are limited. In this work, we, therefore, present six patterns that describe how data is handled by quantum computers.
Digitale Zukunft als Chance – Teledermatologie-Erfahrungen aus der Praxis
Authors: Tischler Max , Scheidegger E. Paul 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Verbesserte regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen und die Corona-Pandemie als Katalysator für die Digitalisierung im Gesundheitssystem haben zu einem umfassenden telemedizinischen Angebot geführt. Auf die Dermatologie entfällt dabei ein Drittel der telemedizinischen Leistungen. Die Ausgestaltung der teledermatologischen Leistung variiert dabei je nach Anbieter stark. Die Unterschiede sowie Vor- und Nachteile sind dabei sowohl für Ärztinnen und Ärzte als auch für Patientinnen und Patienten oftmals nicht ersichtlich.
Fragestellung Das Ziel des Beitrags ist daher, einen Überblick zu den Formen und aktuellen Einsatzgebieten der Teledermatologie zu schaffen. Darüber hinaus sollen die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Anwendungsgebiete in der Teledermatologie eingeordnet werden und anhand von persönlichen Erfahrungen mit einer dermatologischen Telemedizin-Plattform exemplarisch beschrieben werden.
Material und Methode Zur Darstellung der Teledermatologie in Deutschland wurde eine Übersichtsarbeit erstellt, die aktuelle nationale und internationale Studien und Befragungen zum Einsatz der Teledermatologie umfasst. Die exemplarische Vorstellung der asynchronen Teledermatologie am Beispiel des Angebots „OnlineDoctor“ erfolgt anhand von qualitativen Interviews der Autoren mit teilnehmenden Dermatologinnen und Dermatologen sowie öffentlich zugänglichen Produktinformationen.
Ergebnisse In einem Großteil der dermatologischen Fälle ist eine hohe Konkordanz der Diagnose und Patientenzufriedenheit unter Nutzung teledermatologischer Anwendungen erkennbar. Sowohl im Kontext der Diagnosestellung als auch bei der Versorgung chronischer Patientinnen und Patienten und dem Triagieren sind die Vorteile evaluiert. Dabei weisen die verschiedenen teledermatologischen Verfahren insbesondere mit Blick auf die genutzte Technologie (synchron bzw. asynchron) große Unterschiede auf. Die Vorteile der asynchronen Teledermatologie liegen dabei primär in der zeitlichen und örtlichen Flexibilität sowie dem breiten Anwendungsspektrum. Versorgungsdaten aus dem Alltag der beiden Autoren stützen die Aussage, dass Teledermatologie bei gleicher medizinischer Qualität positive Effekte für Patientinnen und Patienten sowie Praxen hat.
Diskussion Die Teledermatologie hat das Potenzial, Prozesse in Praxen zu verbessern und näher an der Patientin und dem Patienten zu arbeiten. Dabei ist unter dem Stichwort „Patient Empowerment“ eine patientenzentrierte Medizin anzustreben und die Möglichkeiten der digitalen Anwendungen sind zu nutzen. Die Autoren gehen davon aus, dass sich in den kommenden Jahren sowohl die Indikationen, die via Telemedizin diagnostiziert werden können, als auch die Einsatzfelder erweitern werden. Die Zukunft wird eine weitere Individualisierung des digitalen Angebotes ermöglichen und die kombinierte Nutzung von digitalen Tools und analogen Untersuchungen in der Praxis zum Goldstandard werden lassen.
A Case Report of Individualised Homoeopathic Treatment in Molluscum Contagiosum
Authors: Singh Uttam , Paul Jiji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMolluscum contagiosum (MC) is the most frequent human disease resulting from poxvirus infection. It has a worldwide distribution. Children are usually affected. There is no specific systemic treatment for MC, but a variety of techniques for physical ablation have been used. Homoeopathic treatment offers an effective and safe treatment with painless management of the MC cases. Here, a 3.6-year-old female child presented with complaints of papular eruptions on the face for the last 1 year. She was effectively treated by individualised homoeopathic medicine Calcarea carbonica. Improvement in the case was assessed by outcome in relation to impact on daily living scale at each month for 05 months during follow-ups and possible causal attribution of the changes in the case was measured using ‘Modified Naranjo Criteria’. This case report showed positive role and efficacy of homoeopathic treatment of MC in children.
Real-World Outcome of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC): A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Cancer Center in India
Authors: Vaikundaraja Indhuja Muthiah , Dhanushkodi Manikandan , Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Kalaiarasi Jayachandran Perumal , Mehra Nikita , Selvarajan Gangothri , Rajan Arun Kumar , Kesana Siva Sree , Ananthi Balasubramanian , Iyer Priya , Rao Manjula , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Velusamy Sridevi , Ranganathan Rama , Sagar Tenali Gnana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction There is a paucity of data on platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer (ABC) from developing countries like India.
Objectives The objectives were to analyze the efficacy and safety of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with ABC.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of 35 patients with ABC who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (gemcitabine and carboplatin, [GC]) in a tertiary cancer center in India from August 2015 to November 2019. The inclusion criteria were patients with ABC, who had received palliative chemotherapy with GC. The exclusion criteria were patients who had received less than two cycles of GC and patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy for neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast.
Results The median age was 45 years (range: 28–68 years). All patients were female (97%) except one male (3%). The histology was ductal carcinoma (77%), mixed (17%), and others (6%). Out of the 12 patients tested for breast cancer (BRCA) gene mutation, six patients had a BRCA mutation. Patients with metastatic and locally progressive disease were 91 and 9%, respectively. The median number of prior lines of systemic therapy for metastatic disease was 1 (range: 0–5). The median number of sites of metastasis was 2 (range: 0–5). Patients with visceral crises were 23%. The median number of cycles of GC chemotherapy received was 6 (range: 2–6). A dose reduction in chemotherapy was done in 74%. The responses among 34 evaluable patients were complete response (11%), partial response (24%), stable disease (41%), and progressive disease (24%). Grade 3 or more hematological and nonhematological toxicities were observed in 69 and 9%, respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 6 and 8 months, respectively. The 1-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 19 and 34%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who had received more than 3 cycles had a better outcome.
Conclusion GC was an active and well-tolerated regimen in ABC regardless of the receptor status. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted to assess the optimal regimen in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
Cyberknife Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Soman Cristalle , Alghamdi Shahad Ramzi Mohammed , Alazemi Faisal Nahar M. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz Ahmad Abdullah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCyberknife radiosurgery is a frameless stereotactic robotic radiosurgery which has shown to deliver better treatment outcomes in the treatment of advanced head and neck (H&N) carcinomas, especially in previously irradiated and recurrent cases. The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review of the available data on the outcomes of Cyberknife radiosurgery for treatment of head and neck cancer and to evaluate its collective outcomes. This systematic review was registered with the university with the registration no. FRP/2019/63 and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (RC/IRB/2019/132). Literature search was performed in the following: PubMed, Science direct, SciELO, MyScienceWork, Microsoft Academ EMBASE, Directory of Open Access Journals, and Cochrane databases with the keywords “Cyberknife,” “oral cancer,” “oropharyngeal cancer,” and “head and neck cancer” and data was extracted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The records identified were 147 manuscripts. Excluded articles included 5 duplicate articles, 33 abstracts, 101 full text articles due to being off-topic, case reports, review, non-English, 1 survey, and 2 other articles containing data extracted from a main study which was already included. A total of 5 articles were evaluated for qualitative synthesis. The mean dose of Cyberknife radiosurgery delivered for previously irradiated recurrent H&N carcinoma patients was 34.57 Gy, with a mean sample size of 5 studied during the period of 2000 to 2016. The available evidence from the systematic review indicates that Cyberknife can be an efficacious treatment option for recurrent previously irradiated H&N carcinoma, especially for nonresectable tumors. There is paucity of homogenous data and studies in this arena; hence, meta-analysis could not be performed. Further standardized studies are essential, especially where the treatment of H&N carcinoma is considered.
Surface Roughness and Translucency of Various Translucent Zirconia Ceramics after Hydrothermal Aging
Authors: Peampring Chaimongkon , Kengtanyakich Santiphab 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjective This study investigated the effect of hydrothermal aging on surface roughness and translucency of various translucent zirconia materials.Materials and Methods Four types of zirconia were tested. Group 1 was translucent zirconia with no cubic structure. Group 2, 3, and 4 included cubic-containing zirconia with different amounts of cubic structures (less than 30%, 30–50%, and more than 50%, respectively). Each group contained 15 disk-shape specimens with dimensions of 15 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness. As-sintered surface roughness, translucency parameter, and contrast ratio were evaluated in the two different sessions, before and after aging.Statistical Analysis Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni test was used to analyze statistically significant difference in those tested parameters. Phase structure before and after aging was analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).Results Groups 1 and 2 showed significant increased surface roughness after aging while groups 3 and 4 showed no alteration of surface. There was no effect of aging on translucency in all groups. After aging, group 1 and 2 presented monoclinic structure (16.63 and 5.01%, respectively).Conclusion Hydrothermal aging caused phase transformation and increasing surface roughness in group 1 and 2 but did not affect translucency in all groups.
Ophthalmic Microsurgery Lab for Medical Students: Enhancing Learner Intrinsic Motivation and Comfort with Microsurgery
Authors: Cole Joshua , Chen Tiffany A. , Ahmad Tessnim , Parikh Neeti 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an ophthalmic microsurgery laboratory on medical students' intrinsic motivation, explicit interest in ophthalmology, and comfort with microsurgical skills.
Design In this noncontrolled trial, medical students attended a Zoom-based lecture on corneal suturing, watched an instructional video on operating microscopes, and attended a wet laboratory on corneal suturing. Participants completed pre- and posttest surveys assessing comfort with microsurgical skills and explicit interest in ophthalmology. Additionally, the posttest survey included items from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI).
Setting This study was conducted at a single academic medical center.
Participants A total of 20 students enrolled in the MD program at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine.
Results Pre- and posttest response rates were 100% (n = 20) and 90% (n = 18), respectively. Comfort with microsurgical skills increased significantly between pre- and posttest surveys with large effect sizes (95% confidence interval [CI]; p-value): loading a needle, 1.67 (1.04–2.29; p < 0.001); passing a suture, 1.72 (1.04–2.40; p < 0.001); knot tying, 1.05 (0.34–1.76; p = 0.004); using a microscope, 0.83 (0.04–1.63; p = 0.040); and suturing under a microscope, 1.44 (0.88–2.00; p < 0.001). Comparing pre- and posttest surveys, students reporting moderate to extreme interest in ophthalmology increased from 44 to 61%. Intrinsic motivation was high, indicated by the mean IMI Interest score reaching 93% of the maximum score. Multiple linear regression analyses predicted that IMI Interest scores increased with higher scores of familiarity (p = 0.002), explicit interest in ophthalmology (p = 0.042), and comfort with microscopes (p = 0.005), knot tying (p = 0.026), and performing surgical maneuvers under a microscope (p = 0.032).
Conclusion Ophthalmic microsurgery laboratories may increase medical students' explicit interest in ophthalmology, comfort with microsurgical skills, and intrinsic motivation. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of microsurgical electives on students' objective skills and specialty selection.