bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Euro Area: Towards a European Common Bond? – Empirical Evidence from the Sovereign Debt Markets
Authors: Stoupos Nikolaos , Kiohos Apostolos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the debt crisis of the period 2010–15, the Eurozone did not manage to adopt an efficient policy for reinforcing the creation of a common bond among the members‐states of the union. Under these circumstances, the research aim of this manuscript is to further explore the integration level of bond markets in the EMU after the end of the 2010 debt crisis and the potential creation of a Euro Area common bond. The empirical evidence we gathered is suggestive of a significant integration degree of bond markets in the Euro Area, whereas plenty of asymmetries exist among the member‐states notwithstanding. The dominant role of France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Ireland and Spain on the EA bond markets were unveiled. As a matter of fact, we propose that the EMU be conditionally prepared to issue a common Eurozone bond which will safeguard the financial stability in the monetary union.
Determining factors affecting job strain for nurse practitioners in acute care practice
Authors: Yang Yi‐Jane , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Kau Kevin , Shiu Shu‐Ying , Huang Sheng‐Shiung , Tsai Li‐Yun , Tsay Shiow‐Luan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate nurse practitioners’ (NPs) experience of job strain in acute care settings, and to examine the factors that may affect job strain in that context.DesignDescriptive design using a national survey was employed.MethodsA total of 1396 NPs completed online surveys that recorded demographic characteristics and included a Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), a Condition for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (CWEQ), and the Dempster Practice Behavior Scale (DPBS). Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to explore the factors associated with job strain types.FindingsNPs were classified into job strain categories of passive (24.4%), active (31.4%), low (19.2%), or high (24.9%). The passive job strain type was associated with overtime hours, organizational empowerment, and autonomy. The active job type was associated with higher organizational empowerment and autonomy. The high‐strain and low‐strain job types were both associated with overtime hours and autonomy.ConclusionNearly 25% of acute care NPs are in a high job strain type. Organizational empowerment and autonomy were two major factors associated with the passive and active job strain types. Overtime hours and autonomy were both associated with the high‐strain and low‐strain job types.Clinical relevanceSupportive hospital/nursing leadership should acknowledge the impact of NP practice as they can contribute to the operational efficacy of their organization. Hospital administrators should provide a supportive practice environment by empowering NPs, enhancing autonomy, and addressing working conditions for NPs to decrease the odds of having a passive or high‐strain job type in practice.
First report of Truncatella angustata causing leaf spot on oregano (Origanum vulgare) in Latvia
Authors: Sokolova Olga , Sivicka Irina , Krivmane Baiba , Kārkliņa Katrīna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOregano is one of the most commonly cultivated aromatic and medicinal plants in Europe. There is a lack of information about fungi infecting oregano during the vegetation period. In autumn 2020, the diversity of fungi colonizing and damaging oregano leaves was surveyed in the ex‐situ collection held at the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. A fungus with appendage‐bearing conidia was isolated from oregano leaf tissue, causing brown lesions at the tip or edge of the leaf. The causal agent of the disease was identified as Truncatella angustata after the evaluation of morphology and culture characteristics. The identity of the species was confirmed based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analyses, using ITS, LSU, tef‐1α, tub2 and rpb2 loci, in combination with morphological data. The homologous regions from relevant T. angustata available in the GenBank were compared with T. angustata sequences obtained from oregano in this study. Pathogenicity tests performed on oregano leaves resulted in the same symptoms as observed in naturally‐infected plants. This is first report of T. angustata as a pathogen of oregano, as well as the first report on the occurrence of T. angustata on oregano in Latvia.
‘Is there any point in me doing this?’ Views and experiences of women in the Diabetes and Antenatal Milk Expressing (DAME) trial
Authors: Moorhead Anita M. , Amir Lisa H. , Forster Della A. , Crawford Sharinne B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Diabetes and Antenatal Milk Expressing (DAME) randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 2011–2015, at six sites in Melbourne, Australia to explore the effect of advising women with diabetes in pregnancy to express breast milk from 36 weeks gestation. Infants whose mothers were randomised to express in pregnancy were more likely to be exclusively breast milk fed during their hospital stay, and there was no evidence of harm. This paper explores women's views and experiences of antenatal expressing. In this two‐arm RCT, 635 women with diabetes in pregnancy who were otherwise of low medical risk were randomised at 36–37 weeks gestation to usual care (not expressing, n = 316), or the intervention, where women were advised to hand express for 10 min twice daily until birth (n = 319). Semistructured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 10 women who expressed antenatally. They were asked about their experiences of antenatal expressing, including how they felt about the overall experience, the amount of breast milk they expressed, making time to express, and their experience of breastfeeding. Thematic analysis of the in‐depth interviews identified six themes: (1) learning and adapting expressing, (2) feelings and sensations associated with expressing, (3) support, (4) dis/empowerment, (5) health, and (6) the value of breast milk. Women had both positive and negative experiences of antenatal expressing. If health professionals are advising antenatal expressing to women, it is important they understand the range of outcomes and experiences.
Hospitals as total institutions
Authors: Jenkins Danisha , Burton Candace , Holmes Dave 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe image of the hospital is presented to the public as a place of healing. Though the oft‐criticized total institutions of the past have been notably dismantled, the totalizing practices therein are now operationalized in the health care system. Through the lens of Erving Goffman, this article offers ways in which health care institutions operationalize totalizing practices, contributing to the mortification of patients and nurses alike in service to the bureaucratic machine. This article examines the ways in which totalizing practices may disrupt the agency of both patients and nurses alike.
Virginia Woolf and the emotion work of reading George Eliot: A case study in reader–author relationships
Authors: Bigongiari Giulia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVirginia Woolf has written extensively about her own strategies of reading. In her essays and her letters, she often describes the methods she employs to reconstruct the real author’s personality and retrace authorial voices in the books she was experiencing as a reader. This article will compare Woolf’s methods to contemporary discussions about immersion in fictional texts and emotional engagement with characters, eventually arguing that the concept of emotion work, developed by sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild, is a fruitful one for understanding the process Woolf engages in. Thanks to this theoretical approach, it will also offer an original analysis of the relationship between Woolf and Eliot, arguing that the study of Woolf’s engagement with this writer can offer a point of access for the study of Woolf’s relationship with the legacy of Victorian women writers, an emotionally charged one.
The Potential Value of Monocyte to Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet to Mean Platelet Volume Ratio in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Maimaiti Zulipikaer , Xu Chi , Fu Jun , Chai Wei , Zhou Yonggang , Chen Jiying 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the possibility of obtaining more accurate information from routine blood tests for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).MethodsThis is a retrospective study. Between 2017 and 2018, a total of 246 patients who underwent total hip or knee revision surgery were included in this study. There were 146 females and 100 males, and the mean age of the patients was 62.1 ± 12.75 years. Laboratory parameters erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), D‐dimer, plasma fibrinogen, serum white blood cell (WBC), and calculable ratio markers were collected. Based on leukocytes (monocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count), platelet count, and mean platelet volume Inflammation‐related ratio markers were calculated, which including monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet to mean platelet volume ratio (PMR). Follow‐up of all studied cases for at least 1 year. The diagnostic value of the markers based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The most optimal combinations of blood markers were selected by the prediction models. Statistical analyses and prediction models were performed using R software.ResultsOf the 246 patients, 125 were diagnosed with PJI and 121 with aseptic loosening. A higher rate of patients underwent revision surgery due to hip prosthesis loosening in the aseptic loosening group (74.4%) compared to the PJI group (45.6%, P < 0.001). ROC curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for classical markers, fibrinogen was 0.853 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.805–0.901), ESR was 0.836 (95% CI, 0.785–0.887) and CRP was 0.825 (95% CI, 0.773–0.878). Followed by the PMR, PLR, NLR and MLR, which showed promising diagnostic performance with AUCs of 0.791, 0.785, 0.736, and 0.733. The AUCs of the ratio markers were higher than those of D‐dimer (0.691;95% CI, 0.6243–0.7584) and serum WBC (0.622; 95% CI, 0.552–0.691). After the predictive model calculation, AUC was up to 0.923 (95% CI, 0.891–0.951) when plasma fibrinogen combined with MLR and PMR and interpreted excellent discriminatory capacity with a sensitivity of 86.40% and a specificity of 84.17%. The new combination significantly increases the accuracy and reliability of the diagnosis of PJI (P < 0.001). The AUC increased to 0.899 (95% CI, 0.861–0.931; P = 0.007) and 0.916 (95% CI, 0.880–0.946; P < 0.001), followed by CRP and ESR, respectively. All plasma fibrinogen, ESR, and CRP combined with both PMR and MLR achieved the highest specificity (89.17%) and PPV (85.34%).ConclusionThe diagnostic performance greatly improved when plasma fibrinogen, ESR, and CRP combined with ratio markers.
Evaluation of the efficacy of wrist arthroscopic surgery for aseptic necrosis of lunate bone
Authors: Teng Xiao‐Feng , Yuan Hui‐Zong , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the use of wrist arthroscopy for treatment of aseptic necrosis of lunate bone and its curative effect.MethodsFrom March 2012 to January 2016, 12 patients with aseptic necrosis of lunate bone underwent necrotic lunate bone extirpation assisted by wrist arthroscopy, and the scaphocapitate joint treated with fusion‐stabilization were selected. Among these patients, 10 patients were male and two patients were female. The age of these patients ranged from 25 to 42 years old, with an average age of 32 years old. These lesions were located in the right hand in eight patients, and in the left hand in four patients. Lichtman stage: stage IIIA in two patients, and stage IIIB in 10 patients. All patients were diagnosed by anterior lateral radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). From the second day after the surgery, patients underwent active motion for the metacarpophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joints. When the X‐ray film indicated that the fracture had healed, patients began to resume their daily activities and work. After surgery, the plain films of all planes, including the axial plane of the scaphoid, were taken every month, until fracture healing. All patients were followed up for a mean duration of 8 months, and the Mayo wrist score was used to assess the range of motion of the wrist joint and grip force during the follow‐ups for objective function evaluation.ResultsFracture healing was obtained in all patients within 9–12 weeks after the operation, and average healing time was 10 weeks. The duration of follow‐up ranged between 6–14 months, and the mean duration was 8 months. According to the modified Mayo wrist score, the objective function of the wrist joint was evaluated as follows: flexion and extension range of the wrist joint was 40°–110°, with an average of 105°, which was 80% of that of the unaffected side. Radioulnar deviation was 45°‐80°, with an average of 55°, which was 82% of that of the unaffected side. Grip force was 25–48 kg, with an average of 40 kg, which was 84% of that of the unaffected side. The modified Mayo wrist score was good in eight patients, acceptable in three patients, and poor in one patient.ConclusionsWrist arthroscopy is an effective and feasible tool for the treatment of aseptic necrosis of the lunate bone, and the right kind of surgical procedure should be selected for different stages of the disease, and wrist arthroscopy is applied timely, in order to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
Expression profile, transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation of genes involved in hydrogen sulphide metabolism connecting the balance between development and stress adaptation in plants: a data‐mining bioinformatics approach
Authors: Mondal R. , Madhurya K. , Saha P. , Chattopadhyay S. K. , Antony S. , Kumar A. , Roy S. , Roy D. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Recent research focused on novel aspects of sulphur and sulphur‐containing molecules in fundamental plant processes has highlighted the importance of these compounds. Currently, the focus has shifted to the efficacy of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as signalling compounds that regulate different development and stress mitigation in plants.

Accordingly, we used an in silico approach to study the differential expression patterns of H2S metabolic genes at different growth/development stages and their tissue‐specific expression patterns under a range of abiotic stresses. Moreover, to understand the multilevel regulation of genes involved in H2S metabolism, we performed computation‐based promoter analysis, alternative splice variant analysis, prediction of putative miRNA targets and co‐expression network analysis.

Gene expression analysis suggests that H2S biosynthesis is highly influenced by developmental and stress stimuli. The functional annotation of promoter structures reveales a wide range of plant hormone and stress responsive cis‐regulatory elements (CREs) that regulate H2S metabolism. Co‐expression analysis suggested that genes involved in H2S metabolism are also associated with different metabolic processes.

In this data‐mining study, the primary focus was to understand the genetic architecture governing pathways of H2S metabolism in different cell compartments under various developmental and stress signalling cascades. The present study will help to understand the genetic architecture of H2S metabolism via cysteine metabolism and the functional roles of these genes in development and stress tolerance mechanisms.
Did the 2018 megadrought change the partitioning of growth between tree sizes and species? A Swiss case‐study
Authors: Bose A. K. , Rohner B. , Bottero A. , Ferretti M. , Forrester D. I. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

By killing or weakening trees, drought could change the partitioning of growth between tree sizes or species, thereby altering stand structure. Growth partitioning, often quantified using the growth dominance coefficient (DC) or the shape of tree size versus growth relationships (SGR), indicates the relative contribution of differently sized trees to the total stand growth. Changes in growth partitioning due to droughts are rarely examined but provide valuable information that links tree‐ and stand‐level responses to droughts.

The objective of this study was to test whether the 2018 European megadrought altered the growth partitioning among tree sizes and species. For this purpose, we first evaluated whether DC or SGR can be calculated from small sample sizes of trees typical of individual forest inventory plots.

DC, and particularly SGR, were sensitive to sample size, forest type (even‐aged and uneven‐aged), target variable (tree diameter, basal area or stem mass) and range of tree sizes within the sample. SGR could therefore not be used for our analyses. We found no differences in DC prior to and during the 2018 drought. However, when considering only beech (Fagus sylvatica)‐dominated stands, DC was lower during post‐drought years than during the 2018 drought.

The growth of larger trees, especially beech, was more negatively affected during post‐drought years. Therefore, an extreme drought event can indeed alter the growth partitioning within forest stands. The DC indicates such changes in partitioning and, hence, which trees can be selected for commercial thinning, or released from competition, to minimize potential impacts of droughts.
Increasing radiant heat flux affects leaf flammability patterns in plant species of eastern Australian fire‐prone woodlands
Authors: Krix D. W. , Murray M. L. , Murray B. R. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Leaf flammability is a functional trait that can vary widely among plant species. At present, however, the effects that increasing radiant heat flux have on variation in leaf flammability among species are not well understood. Yet, such effects could have important implications for wildfire models that take into account species’ differences in flammability.

We examined how five leaf flammability attributes spanning ignitibility (times to incandescence and flaming), sustainability (incandescence and flame durations) and combustibility (proportion of leaves entering flaming combustion) responded to increasing radiant heat fluxes (29.6 to 96.6 kWm−2) in 10 species of fire‐prone woodlands.

As radiant heat flux increased, times to incandescence and flaming became significantly faster and proportions of leaves entering flaming combustion became significantly higher. In contrast, incandescence duration became significantly shorter at high radiant heat flux. Differences among species in these flammability attributes decreased with increasing radiant heat flux, with species becoming significantly more similar to each other. Differences among species in flame duration, however, were not significantly affected by increasing radiant heat flux, with leaf flaming durations in each species remaining relatively fixed across the radiant heat flux gradient.

Our findings show that leaf flammability is significantly affected by increasing radiant heat flux. We suggest that of the flammability attributes assessed in our study, flame duration is the most informative to include in wildfire models which explicitly consider species’ flammability, given that differences among species in flame duration are maintained across a radiant heat flux gradient.
Predictors of subjective cognitive deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Loessner Lorenz , Matthes Claudia , Haussmann Robert , Brandt Moritz D. , Sauer Cathrin , Espin Melanie , Noppes Felix , Werner Annett , Linn Jennifer , Hummel Thomas , Haehner Antje , Donix Markus 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundDetailed examination of cognitive deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) yields substantial diagnostic and prognostic value, specifically with respect to memory. Magnitude and characteristics of subjective cognitive deficits, however, often receive less attention in this population at risk for developing dementia.MethodsWe investigated predictors of subjective cognitive deficits in patients with MCI, using a detailed assessment for such impairments associated with different cognitive domains, as well as demographic and clinical variables including magnetic resonance imaging data.ResultsThe strongest predictor for subjective memory deficits was depressed mood, whereas subjective performance issues associated with attention or executive functions also corresponded to measurable impairments in the respective cognitive domains. Reduced hippocampal thickness and hemispheric entorhinal cortex thickness asymmetry were associated with objective memory impairment but not with subjective deficits or symptoms of depression.ConclusionsWhereas low objective memory performance and reduced cortical thickness within medial temporal lobe subregions could be associated with neurodegeneration, greater subjective memory deficits in patients with MCI may indicate psychological burden.
Citizens' expectations about social protection in multilevel governance: The interplay between national and supranational institutions
Authors: Baute Sharon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo contrasting perspectives can be identified in the current literature on the relationship between European integration and the welfare state. On the one hand, the race to the bottom thesis presumes that welfare spending will be reduced to the lowest common denominator. On the other hand, the upward convergence thesis suggests that European integration supports and strengthens the capacities of national welfare states. This suggests that the consequences of European integration for national social protection systems are ambiguous. The current study contributes to this debate, by investigating the relationship between European integration and the welfare state from the perspective of public opinion. Do European citizens envision a race to the bottom or an upward convergence in social protection, and why so? Analysing data from the European Social Survey in 18 EU countries, the article reveals that the material benefits brought by national and supranational institutions, jointly shape citizens' expectations about the EU–welfare nexus, although in opposite directions. Generous national welfare provision fuels expectations that European integration fosters a race to the bottom for social protection levels, while higher receipts from EU Structural Fund programs and individual trust in EU institutions raise expectations of the EU as a catalyst of upward convergence in social standards. The implications of these findings for social policymaking in multilevel governance regimes are discussed.
Effective PPGIS in spatial decision‐making: Reflecting participant priorities by illustrating the implications of their choices
Authors: Denwood Timna , Huck Jonny J. , Lindley Sarah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of local knowledge adds value to the decision‐making process, for which public participatory GIS (PPGIS) are widely deployed. However, there are often issues in the way that PPGIS are designed, particularly with respect to the type of spatial representation used. We propose “informed interfaces” as a novel approach to PPGIS interface design, to ensure the system can effectively reflect the interests, priorities and values of participants in case‐specific spatial decision‐making. This article introduces the concept before demonstrating the benefits of the approach using two examples of informed interfaces through an illustrative UK case study. Evidence was gathered from three face‐to‐face workshops and five multi‐participant online usability tests, revealing that participants felt more confident in the data sets they produced using the informed interfaces. The results also confirm that informed interfaces hold the potential to provide richer, more veracious data sets for improved decision‐making, revealing new insights into local perspectives.