bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharps Injuries Related to Subdermal Needles in the Orbicularis Oris During Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring
Authors: Joshi Aditya , Aissa Youbirt , Le Scheherazade , Cho S. Charles , Lee Leslie , Lopez Jaime R. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
Little is known about the incidence and nature of sharps injuries caused by subdermal intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) needle electrodes. In their institution, the authors observed a series of sharps injuries attributed to placement of needles in the orbicularis oris (OO).

Methods:
One large academic institution's sharps injury monitoring database was queried for all reported events over 3 years. The de-identified list was filtered for sharps events occurring in the operating room, and the descriptions of the sharps injuries were individually evaluated. Interventions were performed to attempt to decrease the number of sharps injuries from IONM needles, particularly those placed in OO. Similar data were then collected for 3 months post-intervention.

Results:
Pre-intervention, 327 sharps injuries were reported over the span of 3 years, of which 13 (4.0%) were attributed to IONM needles not in OO and 5 (1.5%) were attributed to IONM needles in OO. Post-intervention, 41 sharps injuries were reported in 3 months, of which 5 (12.2%) were attributed to IONM needles not in OO and 1 (2.4%) was attributed to needles in OO.

Conclusions:
The placement of subdermal needles in the OO presents a disproportionately high risk of sharps injury. Interventions were performed to attempt to decrease the rate of sharps injuries from needles in OO; the post-intervention increase in events was likely skewed by small sample sizes. The implementation of these changes and the ongoing surveillance of injury cases may be important data to help decrease the number of sharps injuries attributed to IONM needles.
Astrocyte dystrophy in ageing brain parallels impaired synaptic plasticity
Authors: Popov Alexander , Brazhe Alexey , Denisov Pavel , Sutyagina Oksana , Li Li , Lazareva Natalia , Verkhratsky Alexei , Semyanov Alexey 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLittle is known about age‐dependent changes in structure and function of astrocytes and of the impact of these on the cognitive decline in the senescent brain. The prevalent view on the age‐dependent increase in reactive astrogliosis and astrocytic hypertrophy requires scrutiny and detailed analysis. Using two‐photon microscopy in conjunction with 3D reconstruction, Sholl and volume fraction analysis, we demonstrate a significant reduction in the number and the length of astrocytic processes, in astrocytic territorial domains and in astrocyte‐to‐astrocyte coupling in the aged brain. Probing physiology of astrocytes with patch clamp, and Ca2+ imaging revealed deficits in K+ and glutamate clearance and spatiotemporal reorganisation of Ca2+ events in old astrocytes. These changes paralleled impaired synaptic long‐term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal CA1 in old mice. Our findings may explain the astroglial mechanisms of age‐dependent decline in learning and memory.
Definition of no‐fishing zones and fishing effort limits to reduce franciscana bycatch to sustainable levels in southern Brazil
Authors: Prado J. H. , Kinas P. G. , Pennino M. G. , Seyboth E. , Silveira F. R. G. , Ferreira E. C. , Secchi E. R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFranciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei bycatch has been high for near six decades in western South Atlantic, with large regional variation. In 2012, the Brazilian Government‐regulated gillnet fisheries in south and southeast Brazil by reducing fishing effort and establishing no‐fishing zones. However, there is evidence that the magnitude of franciscana bycatch remains high and unsustainable. The aims of this study were to identify hotspot areas of franciscana bycatch associated with two main gillnet fisheries and to propose no‐fishing zones combined with limited total allowable fishing effort (i.e. total net length per season) in order to meet management objectives in southern Brazil. A hierarchical Bayesian model using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) was employed based on 1427 reported settings from 1999 to 2003 and 2006 to 2009. Hotspot zones were detected and are proposed as no‐fishing zone during the white croaker Micropogonias furnieri and striped weakfish Cynoscion guatucupa gillnet fishing seasons. Their extents represent 6% (1466.8 km2) and 19% (4493.7 km2) of the fishing ground (23 204.1 km2) during croaker and weakfish fishing seasons respectively. The total allowable fishing effort estimated outside the no‐fishing zones were estimated at 541 km (95% credible interval (CrI) [339; 940]) during croaker and 688 km (CrI [312; 2,166]) during weakfish fishing seasons, one order of magnitude lower than the current total fishing effort. The drastic reduction of total fishing effort estimated in this study is largely due to weak protection measures since the gillnet fisheries became the major conservation concern for franciscana by the end of 1970s in southern Brazil. Although the implementation of the proposed exclusion zones and limiting fishing effort will strongly impact the status quo, they were based on the best scientific evidence and on a clearly defined management goal to reduce the risk of the franciscana population’s collapse in southern Brazil.
The use of eye‐movement recording in patients with anti‐Hu antibody–associated paraneoplastic neurological syndromes to objectively determine extent and course of disease
Authors: Janssen Malou , van Broekhoven Flip , Sillevis Smitt Peter , Frens Maarten , van der Geest Jos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeParaneoplastic neurological syndromes with Hu‐antibodies (Hu‐PNS) are immune‐mediated disorders in patients with malignancies, most frequently small cell lung cancer, affecting both the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS). In Hu‐PNS, brainstem and cerebellar involvement are common. Here, we assessed whether eye‐movement disturbances can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of CNS involvement in Hu‐PNS.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with Hu‐PNS (17 females; mean age, 63.2 years,) and 14 healthy age‐matched controls (seven females; mean age, 60.2 years) were included. Saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements in response to visual stimuli were recorded with video‐oculography. Eye movements were scored quantitatively (number of correction saccades, saccadic intrusions, and saccades during fixation period) and qualitatively by two eye‐movement experts. In 20 patients, up to three follow‐up measurements were made during subsequent hospital visits with fixed 4‐week intervals. Disease course was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale.ResultsEye movements were disturbed in 26 of 29 Hu‐PNS patients, with horizontal eye movements being in general more impaired. Moreover, in 12 of the 14 Hu‐PNS patients without clinical CNS involvement, eye movements were disturbed. Changes in eye‐movement control over a period of up to 12 weeks were significantly correlated with the clinical response to treatment (ρ = 0.52, p = 0.02).ConclusionsHu‐PNS often affects eye‐movement control, also in the absence of CNS signs or symptoms. Eye‐movement recordings in Hu‐PNS patients might be a useful tool to objectively monitor progression and treatment efficacy in Hu‐PNS patients.
Emotion, embodiment, and reproductive colonialism in the global human egg trade
Authors: Tober Diane , Kroløkke Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the transnational fertility industry, individuals have differently positioned bodies, ranked by race, class, education, socioeconomic status, gender, and citizenship. Different forms of labor support the transnational fertility market, bringing geopolitical, and social inequities to the fore. While some people need wombs, eggs, or sperm to create their families—and have the means to pay for third‐party reproductive services—others emerge as suppliers of reproductive labor, and still others as coordinators or service agents in the international fertility industry. Building upon contemporary feminist social science and postcolonial research on reproductive travel and labor, this article explores three intersecting components: the forces that influence reproductive travel and cross‐border egg donation; how emotion and meaning are framed in clinical settings to recruit a young, healthy, able‐bodied workforce; and the embodied experiences of women who travel across borders to provide eggs for pay. Drawing upon donor and professional interviews, and multisited online and ethnographic fieldwork in fertility clinics, we explore the linkages between emotional choreography and the creation of a bioavailable workforce for the global fertility trade. Here, we examine how local and cross‐border egg provision illuminate global reproductive hierarchies—what we call “reproductive colonialism”—in transnational reproduction.
Properties of magnesium‐aluminate spinel derived from bauxite and magnesia
Authors: Xuan Songtong , Wang Xiaojun , Tian Yuming , Hao Jianying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of magnesium‐aluminate spinel divided from bauxites and magnesias, the starting materials with different molar mass ratios (Al2O3: MgO) of 3, 1, and 0.6 were developed using solid‐state reaction sintering at 1350‐1500°C. The effects of different mass ratios and sintering temperatures on the phase composition, densification behavior, shrinkage, flexural strength, and microstructure of the synthetic materials were studied. It was found that as the relative content of bauxite decreased, the flexural strength first decreased before increasing. When n(Al2O3)/n(MgO) was 1, the spinel was the primary phase and the sample was dense. When the temperature became 1450°C, the flexural strength became maximized at 106.48 MPa.
Effect of thermal stability of Mn+1AXn phases on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mn+1AXn/ZA27 composites
Authors: Li Hai‐Yan , Tian Yuan , Wan Detian , Bao Yiwang , Zhou Yang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpecial layered structure endows ternary Mn+1AXn phase ceramics with good electrical and thermal conductivity, excellent abrasive resistance, and perfect thermal shock resistance. In this work, three kinds of Mn+1AXn phase ceramics (Ti3SiC2, Ti3AlC2, and Ti2SnC) were chosen to reinforce the ZA27 alloys, respectively. By employing “two‐step sintering” technology which is pressureless sintered at 870°C for 1 h firstly and then hot pressed at 500°C for 1 h, Mn+1AXn/ZA27 composites were successfully fabricated. The effects of thermal stability of the above Mn+1AXn on microstructure, mechanical properties, and friction performance of the three Mn+1AXn/ZA27 composites were investigated. The different reaction degrees between the three Mn+1AXn reinforcements and the ZA27 matrix were ascribed to the differences of chemical bond energy. The results demonstrated that at the sintering temperature of 870°C, Ti2SnC was completely reacted in Ti2SnC/ZA27 composite, and Ti3AlC2 partially reacted in ZA27 matrix, while no reaction happened between Ti3SiC2 and ZA27 matrix. Hence, the order of thermal stability for the three Mn+1AXn phases in ZA27 matrix is Ti3SiC2 > Ti3AlC2 > Ti2SnC. Besides, Ti3AlC2/ZA27 composites possess the best mechanical properties and wear resistance, which was attributed to interfacial reaction improved the boding between matrix and reinforcement.
Development and sensibility assessment of a health‐related quality of life instrument for adults with severe disabilities who are non‐ambulatory
Authors: Zalmstra Trees A. L. , Elema Agnes , van Gils Willemijn , Reinders‐Messelink Heleen A. , van der Sluis Corry K. , van der Putten Annette A. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundInsight in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of adults with severe disabilities who are non‐ambulatory is important, but a measure is lacking. The aim was to develop a HRQoL measure for this group.MethodThe developmental process consisted of the adaptation process of a proxy HRQoL measure for children with severe disabilities who are non‐ambulatory and the assessment of the sensibility of the developed instrument. A three‐step process was used: focus groups, e‐survey and interviews.ResultsIn total, 72% of the items remained unchanged. Three new items and one element to an existing item were added. In ten items, the formulation of the items was adapted to the target group. Concerning the sensibility, respondents suggested minor changes to the instruction and the output scales.ConclusionsThis study has yielded a proxy HRQoL measure for adults with severe disabilities who are non‐ambulatory, the CPADULT, with good sensibility.
Identification of immune microenvironment subtypes that predicted the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Xinjing , Li Xiaoduan , Wang Xipeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is associated with high mortality rate. However, the correlation between immune microenvironment and prognosis of OC remains unclear. This study aimed to explore prognostic significance of OC tumour microenvironment. The OC data set was selected from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), and 307 samples were collected. Hierarchical clustering was performed according to the expression of 756 genes. The immune and matrix scores of all immune subtypes were determined, and Kruskal‐Wallis test was used to analyse the differences in the immune and matrix scores between OC samples with different immune subtypes. The model for predicting prognosis was constructed based on the expression of immune‐related genes. TIDE platform was applied to predict the effect of immunotherapy on patients with OC of different immune subtypes. The 307 OC samples were classified into three immune subtypes A‐C. Patients in subtype B had poorer prognosis and lower survival rate. The infiltration of helper T cells and macrophages in microenvironment indicated significant differences between immune subtypes. Enrichment analyses of immune cell molecular pathways showed that JAK–STAT3 pathway changed significantly in subtype B. Furthermore, predictive response to immunotherapy in subtype B was significantly higher than that in subtype A and C. Immune subtyping can be used as an independent predictor of the prognosis of OC patients, which may be related to the infiltration patterns of immune cells in tumour microenvironment. In addition, patients in immune subtype B have superior response to immunotherapy, suggesting that patients in subtype B are suitable for immunotherapy.
National profile of the growing population of older adults who access community health centers
Authors: Nothelle Stephanie , Colburn Jessica , Boyd Cynthia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunity health centers (CHCs) are federally funded safety‐net clinics that provide care to low income and medically underserved persons. The proportion of CHC patients aged ≥65 doubled in the last ten years, yet little is known about this population. We aim to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of the older adult CHC population.DesignCross sectional analysis.SettingThe nationally representative 2014 Health Center Patient Survey.ParticipantsCHC patients ≥55 years.MeasuresWe used descriptive statistics to characterize older adults across demographic and clinical variables. To determine differences by age, we stratified into three groups (55–64, 65–74, 75+ years). We used t‐tests and chi‐squared to calculate p values and survey weights to make national estimates.ResultsWe included 1875 older adults ≥55 years, representing over 4.2 million people. Older adults were mostly aged 55–64 (60%), female (51%), and white (60%). The majority (73%) had Medicare or Medicaid and 47% reported fair or poor health. Regardless of age, older adults had an average of three chronic conditions and 0.6 impairments in activities of daily living (ADL). Healthcare utilization was not significantly different across age groups with most taking ≥5 prescription medications (54%) and one in five reporting ≥2 emergency department visits or ≥1 hospitalization in the last year.ConclusionsAdults 55–64 who attend CHCs have similar disease burden as adults ≥65. As the population of older adults who access CHCs grow, our findings highlight the opportunity to enhance focus on key principles of geriatric medicine, such as measurement of functional impairment for those who are <65 while also addressing underlying health disparities.
The association between bullying‐victimisation and sleep disturbances in adolescence: Evidence from a twin study
Authors: Shakoor Sania , M.S Zavos Helena , Gregory Alice M. , Ronald Angelica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBullying‐victimisation has been associated with sleep disturbances. This study investigated the degree to which subtypes of bullying‐victimisation in adolescence are linked with sleep disturbances. Genetic and environmental contributions underlying bullying‐victimisation and sleep disturbances were investigated. Participants (3,242–5,076 pairs) from a longitudinal community twin study reported on their bullying‐victimisation at the age of 14 years, and sleep quality and insomnia symptoms at age 16. Regression analyses were used, accounting for the role of individual and family factors. Structural equation twin model fitting was conducted. Bullying‐victimisation was modestly associated with sleep quality and insomnia symptoms (r = 0.22–0.23) and a similar strength of associations was found across bullying‐victimisation subtypes (r = 0.11–0.22). Bullying‐victimisation, sleep quality and insomnia symptoms were predominantly influenced by genes (25–59%) and non‐shared environments (40–62%). The association between bullying‐victimisation and sleep quality was explained by genetic and non‐shared environmental influences. For insomnia symptoms and sleep quality, the association with bullying‐victimisation was in part explained by a genetic overlap. Associations between bullying‐victimisation and sleep disturbances are not limited to specific aspects of bullying‐victimisation but appear to exist for all subtypes. These findings stimulate research questions regarding the mechanisms underlying these links. For example, could certain heritable traits, such as temperament, increase vulnerability to experiencing sleep disturbances and being bullied? Research on bullying and sleep should aim to take the role of genetic predisposition into account, while also noting that it is not the only causal influence. Understanding more about these pathways could strengthen the development of techniques to prevent these difficulties from occurring.
Determination of texture properties of banana fruit cells with an atomic force microscope: A case study on elastic modulus and stiffness
Authors: Khodabakhshian Rasool , Naeemi Asal , Bayati Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCharacterization of biological materials with their elasto‐mechanical properties is considered essential for understanding their nature. In addition, elasto‐mechanical studies at the macroscale are frequently used to determine these characteristics by a resistance measurement such as the Magness‐Taylor penetration test or compression test using an Instron Universal Mechanical Testing Machine. In this regard, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) was presented as a new method for identifying the alterations of elasto‐mechanical properties at a nanoscale. Therefore, the present study estimated the elastic modulus and stiffness of the cell walls which were isolated from the banana mesocarp with AFM‐based nanoindentation. Then, the elastic modulus of a cell and stiffness were determined by analyzing the force‐separation curves using the theory of Hertz and the mechanics of Sneddon. Using two tips of the distinct radius of the curvature (10 and 10,000 nm), it was revealed that the tip geometry significantly affected the measured elasto‐mechanical properties. Further, the elastic modulus was around 95 ± 45 and 18.5 ± 12.5 kPa for the sharper tip (R = 10 nm) and a bead (R = 10,000 nm) tips, respectively. Furthermore, a large variability was considered regarding the elasto‐mechanical property (>100%) among the cells which were sampled from the same region in the fruit. Therefore, the AFM can be highly suitable for evaluating the structure‐related properties of biological materials at the cellular and subcellular scales by combining nano elasto‐mechanical properties with topography imaging.
Clinical performance of a point‐of‐care Coccidioides antibody test in dogs
Authors: Reagan Krystle L. , McHardy Ian , Thompson George R. , Sykes Jane E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care (POC) Coccidioides antibody assays may provide veterinarians with rapid and accurate diagnostic information.ObjectivesTo determine the agreement of a POC lateral flow assay (LFA), sona Coccidioides (IMMY, Norman, Oklahoma) with the current diagnostic standard, the immunodiffusion assay (agar gel immunodiffusion [AGID]; Coccidioidomycosis Serology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California).AnimalsForty‐eight sera specimens from 48 dogs.MethodsSera specimens were collected from client‐owned dogs that had a clinical suspicion for coccidioidomycosis. Animals were classified as Coccidioides antibody‐positive (n = 36) based on a positive AGID or Coccidioides antibody‐negative (n = 12) based on a negative AGID. The performance of the LFA assay was determined by comparing results to AGID results.ResultsThe LFA assay demonstrated agreement in 32 of 36 Coccidioides antibody‐positive specimens and 12 of 12 Coccidioides antibody‐negative specimens, resulting in a positive percentage agreement of 88.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.7‐95.6%) and negative percentage agreement of 100% (95% CI, 75.8‐100%) as compared to AGID. A receiver operator characteristic curve was constructed, and the area under the curve was 0.944 (CI, 0.880‐1.000).Conclusion and Clinical importanceThis LFA is a rapid alternative to the traditional AGID. The LFA provides excellent predictive value for positive results. Positive agreement was lower in dogs with low AGID titers; therefore, confirmatory testing is recommended if a high index of suspicion exists.