bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Learning and the Effect of Starting Small in Developmental Dyslexia
Authors: Dobó Dorottya , Lukics Krisztina Sára , Szőllősi Ágnes , Németh Kornél , Lukács Ágnes 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Impairments in statistical learning abilities of individuals with developmental dyslexia (DD) have been demonstrated in word segmentation and in visual artificial grammar learning (AGL) tasks, but so far, little attention has been devoted to the AGL abilities of this population in the acoustic verbal domain. This study aimed to test whether adolescents with dyslexia have difficulties in extracting abstract patterns from auditory sequences of nonsense syllables based on a finite state grammar relative to typically developing (TD) peers. We also tested whether incremental presentation of stimuli of different lengths (starting small) has a facilitating effect on learning complex structures in dyslexia (and in TD) as opposed to presenting strings in random order.

Method
Thirty-one adolescents with DD and 31 age-matched control participants completed an AGL task. Participants passively listened to acoustic sequences of nonsense syllables generated by an artificial grammar in the training phase. In the test phase, they were presented with pairs of novel grammatical and nongrammatical sequences and were required to decide which member of a sequence pair was more similar to the material heard during training.

Results
Performance levels and the proportion of learners were smaller in participants with DD than in the control group. While the starting small effect was nominally present both in performance levels and in the number of learners in participants with DD, but not in the group with TD, the presentation of strings in incremental order did not statistically improve learning performance in either group.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that (a) statistical learning of abstract sequences in the acoustic domain is less efficient in people with dyslexia than in TD controls and (b) while incremental presentation of stimuli of different length did not improve learning in our study, the observed pattern of results suggests that the effects of different training designs should be explored further in developmental disorders.
Hubble spectroscopy of LB-1: Comparison with B+black-hole and Be+stripped-star models
Authors: Lennon D. J. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Irrgang A. , Bohlin R. , Deustua S. , Dufton P. L. , Simón-Díaz S. , Herrero A. , Casares J. , Muñoz-Darias T. , Smartt S. J. , González Hernández J. I. , de Burgos A. 
Published: April 2021

Context. LB-1 (alias ALS 8775) has been proposed as either an X-ray dim B-type star plus black hole (B+BH) binary or a Be star plus an inflated stripped star (Be+Bstr) binary. The latter hypothesis contingent upon the detection and characterization of the hidden broad-lined star in a composite optical spectrum.
Aims. Our study is aimed at testing the published B+BH (single star) and Be+Bstr (binary star) models using a flux-calibrated UV-optical-IR spectrum.
Methods. The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was used to obtain a flux-calibrated spectrum with an accuracy of ∼1%. We compared these data with non-local thermal equilibrium (non-LTE) spectral energy distributions (SED) and line profiles for the proposed models. The Hubble data, together with the Gaia EDR3 parallax and a well-determined extinction, were used to provide tight constraints on the properties and stellar luminosities of the LB-1 system. In the case of the Be+Bstr model we adopted the published flux ratio for the Be and Bstr stars, re-determined the Teff of the Bstr using the silicon ionization balance, and inferred Teff for the Be star from the fit to the SED.
Results. The UV data strongly constrain the microturbulence velocity to ≲2 km s−1 for the stellar components of both models. We also find stellar parameters consistent with previous results, but with greater precision enabled by the Hubble SED. For the B+BH single-star model, we find the parameters (Teff, log(L/L⊙), Mspec/M⊙) of the B-type star to be (15 300 ± 300 K, 3.23−0.10+0.09, 5.2−1.4+1.8). For the Bstr star we obtain (12 500 ± 100 K, 2.70−0.09+0.09, 0.8−0.3+0.5), and for the Be star (18 900 ± 200 K, 3.04−0.09+0.09, 3.4−1.8+3.5). While the Be+Bstr model is a better fit to the He I lines and cores of the Balmer lines in the optical, the B+BH model provides a better fit to the Si IV resonance lines in the UV. The analysis also implies that the Bstr star has roughly twice the solar silicon abundance, which is difficult to reconcile with a stripped star origin. The Be star, on the other hand, has a rather low luminosity and a spectroscopic mass that is inconsistent with its possible dynamical mass.
Conclusions. We provide tight constraints on the stellar luminosities of the Be+Bstr and B+BH models. For the former, the Bstr star appears to be silicon-rich, while the notional Be star appears to be sub-luminous for a classical Be star of its temperature and the predicted UV spectrum is inconsistent with the data. This latter issue can be significantly improved by reducing the Teff and radius of the Be star, at the cost, however, of a different mass ratio as a result. In the B+BH model, the single B-type spectrum is a good match to the UV spectrum. Adopting a mass ratio of 5.1 ± 0.1, from the literature, implies a BH mass of ∼21−8+9 M⊙.
LoTSS jellyfish galaxies
Authors: Roberts I. D. , van Weeren R. J. , McGee S. L. , Botteon A. , Drabent A. , Ignesti A. , Rottgering H. J. A. , Shimwell T. W. , Tasse C. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The cluster environment has a strong impact on galaxy star formation, as seen by the fact that clusters host proportionally more red, passive galaxies relative to the field. Ram pressure stripping may drive this environmental quenching by directly stripping cold gas from galactic disks. In some cases, ram pressure stripping gives rise to ‘jellyfish galaxies’, observed with clear ‘tentacles’ of stripped gas extending beyond the optical extent of the galaxy.
Aims. In this paper we present a large sample of jellyfish galaxies in low redshift clusters (z < 0.05), identified through 120−168 MHz radio continuum from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS).
Methods. From a parent sample of 29 X-ray-detected SDSS galaxy clusters and their spectroscopic members, we visually identify 95 star-forming, LoTSS jellyfish galaxies with 144 MHz radio tails. Star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses are obtained for all galaxies from SED fits. For each jellyfish galaxy we determine the tail orientation with respect to the cluster centre and quantify the prominence of the radio tails with the 144 MHz shape asymmetry.
Results. After carefully accounting for redshift-dependent selection effects, we find that the frequency of jellyfish galaxies is relatively constant from cluster to cluster. LoTSS jellyfish galaxies are preferentially found at small clustercentric radius and large velocity offsets within their host clusters and have radio tails that are oriented away from the cluster centre. These galaxies also show enhanced star formation, relative to both ‘normal’ cluster galaxies and isolated field galaxies, but generally fall within the scatter of the L144 MHz − SFR relation.
Conclusions. The properties of the LoTSS jellyfish galaxies identified in this work are fully consistent with expectations from ram pressure stripping. This large sample of jellyfish galaxies will be valuable for further constraining ram pressure stripping and star formation quenching in nearby galaxy clusters. We show that LOFAR is a powerful instrument for identifying ram pressure stripped galaxies across extremely wide fields. Moving forward, we will push the search for jellyfish galaxies beyond this initial cluster sample, including a comprehensive survey of the galaxy group regime.
Investigation on carbon sequestration capacity of typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve
Authors: Zhang Qiugen , Wang Hongli , Ding Yuan , Li Jian 
Published: April 2021

Three typical substropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba and Cyclobalanopsis glauca) in Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province were selected to investigate its carbon sequestration capacity. The biomass and soil bulk density of sample investigation were get by setting sample investigation, field quadrat sampling, indoor sample making, experimental analysis testing, data statistics and analysis. The organic carbon content of vegetation layer (arbor layer, shrub layer and herbaceous layer, litter layer) and soil layer (0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-50cm and 50-100cm) were also get. The carbon density and carbon storage of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests vegetation and soil were estimated which including Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba and Cyclobalanopsis glauca. The investigation results had shown that:
The average organic carbon content of each vegetation layer in the investigation plot (400 m2) of Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve was arbor layer (54.07%)> shrub layer (52.8%)> herbaceous layer (47.5%), in which the average organic carbon content of the three subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in the arbor layer was close 52.97% to 54.87% and the total average content was 54.07%. The average carbon density of the forest vegetation layer was 178.3587t/hm2, the average carbon density of the vegetation layer was arbor layer (176.0273t/hm2)> shrub layer (1.3043t/hm2)> litter layer (0.8144t/hm2)> herbaceous layer (0.2127t/hm2); the average carbon density of each forest species was Castanopsis eyrei (213.5141t/hm2)> Schima superba (168.9069t/hm2)> Cyclobalanopsis glauca (152.6551t/hm2).
Investigation sample of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (400 m) in Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province2 The average soil bulk density of each soil layer cm 0-100 g/cm was 0.868-1.816 g/cm3 both soil organic carbon content and soil carbon density decreased with the increase of soil depth. The average organic carbon content of each soil layer was between 3.75% and 12.48%, and the average soil carbon density was between 62.85t/hm2 and 146.14t/hm2. The average total carbon density of the soil in the investigated sample plots was 754.77t/hm2, of which the average soil carbon density in investigation sample plots in Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba and Cyclobalanopsis glauca was 911.49t/hm2, 762.56t/hm2 and 543.22t/hm2 respectively.
The average carbon storage of the investigation sample plot (400m2) in Jiangxi Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve were Castanopsis eyrei forest (45.0002t) >Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest (36.6087t) > Schima superba forest (28.4850t), the average soil carbon storage(30.1908t) was 4.23 times the average carbon storage(7.1314t).
Gastrointestinal defect closure using a novel through-the-scope helix tack and suture device compared to endoscopic clips in a survival porcine model (with video)
Authors: Hernandez Ariosto , Marya Neil B. , Sawas Tarek , Rajan Elizabeth , Gades Naomi M. , Wong Kee Song Louis M. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Buttar Navtej , Storm Andrew C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and aims Endoscopic resections are associated with bleeding and perforation and may be managed with through-the-scope (TTS) clips, over-the-scope clips and endoscopic suturing. The aim of this preclinical study was to compare technical success of closure using a novel TTS tissue helix tack and suture device (X-Tack) to TTS clips in a porcine model.
Materials and methods Four subjects underwent 40 mucosal resections, diameter range 25–50 mm, in the stomach (n = 24) and colon (n = 16). Closures were randomized to X-Tack (n = 24) or clip (n = 16). Animals underwent weekly endoscopic follow-up for 4 weeks.
Results Technical closure with X-Tack was successful in 24 of 24 (100 %) cases and with clips in 13 of 16 cases (81.3 %) (P = 0.0001). One colonic perforation occurred and was successfully managed using X-Tack. The rate of healing was not statistically different between the groups, and all sites healed at 4 weeks including the perforation and were confirmed by histology.
Conclusions Compared to TTS clip, X-Tack is superior for effecting large mucosal defect closure, including durable sealing of full-thickness perforation. There was no difference in rate of healing between devices.
Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven [2+2] Cycloaddition of Maleimides to Alkenes and Alkynes for the Synthesis of 3-Aza­bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-Fused Scaffolds
Authors: Liu Qiang , He Jian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA highly efficient [2+2] cycloaddition between maleimides and unsaturated moieties, utilizing a visible-light triplet sensitization mode, has been developed for the direct synthesis of multifunctional 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane derivatives. This reaction relies on selective activation of the maleimide functionality upon energy transfer from a new photosensitizer that outperforms diverse well-established photosensitizers. The strategy developed herein overcomes previous obstacles such as limited substrate scope and undesired reaction pathways under harsh UV irradiation.
Health Care Utilization and Associated Economic Burden of Postoperative Surgical Site Infection after Spinal Surgery with Follow-Up of 24 Months
Authors: Dietz Nicholas , Sharma Mayur , Adams Shawn , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Wang Dengzhi , Bjurström Martin F , Karikari Isaac , Drazin Doniel , Boakye Max 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Surgical site infection (SSI) may lead to vertebral osteomyelitis, diskitis, paraspinal musculoskeletal infection, and abscess, and remains a significant concern in postoperative management of spinal surgery. SSI is associated with greater postoperative morbidity and increased health care payments.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis using MarketScan to identify health care utilization payments and risk factors associated with SSI that occurs postoperatively. Known patient- or procedure-related risk factors were searched across those receiving spine surgery who developed postoperative infection.
Results A total of 33,061 patients who developed infection after spinal surgery were identified in Marketscan. Overall payments at 6 months, including index hospitalization for those with infection, were $53,573 and $46,985 for the cohort with no infection. At 24 months, the infection group had overall payments of $83,280 and $66,221 for no infection. Risk factors with largest effect size most likely to contribute to infection versus no infection were depression (4.6%), diabetes (3.7), anemia (3.3%), two or more levels (2.8%), tobacco use (2.2%), trauma (2.1%), neoplasm (1.8%), congestive heart failure (1.3%), instrumentation (1.1%), renal failure (0.9%), intravenous drug use (0.8%), and malnutrition (0.5%).
Conclusions SSIs were associated with significant health care utilization payments at 24 months of follow-up. The following clinical and procedural risk factors appear to be predictive of postoperative SSI: depression, diabetes, anemia, two or more levels, tobacco use, trauma, neoplasm, congestive heart failure, instrumentation, renal failure, intravenous drug use, and malnutrition. Interpretation of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for infection informs surgeons of expected postoperative course and preoperative risk for this most common and deleterious postoperative complication to spinal surgery.
Efficacy of Internal Neurolysis for Trigeminal Neuralgia without Vascular Compression
Authors: Li Ming-Wu , Jiang Xiao-feng , Niu Chaoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Objective Trigeminal neuralgia is a common neurologic disease that seriously impacts a patient's quality of life. We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis (nerve combing) for trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression.
Patients and Methods This study was a retrospective review of all patients with trigeminal neuralgia who were admitted between January 2014 and February 2019. A subgroup of 36 patients had no vascular compression at surgery and underwent internal neurolysis. Chart review and postoperative follow-up were performed to assess the overall outcomes of internal neurolysis.
Results Thirty-six patients were identified, with a mean age of 44.89 ± 7.90 (rang: 31–65) years and a disease duration of 5.19 ± 2.61 years. The immediate postoperative pain relief (Barrow Neurological Institute [BNI] pain score of I or II) rate was 100%. The medium- to long-term pain relief rate was 91.7%. Three patients experienced recurrence. Facial numbness was the primary postoperative complication. Four patients with a score of III on the BNI numbness scale immediately after surgery had marked improvement at 6 months. No serious complications occurred.
Conclusion Internal neurolysis is a safe and effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression or clear responsible vessels.
Emergent Hybrid Treatment of a Ruptured Scalp Arteriovenous Fistula with Eyelid involvement: Technical Note
Authors: Abaunza-Camacho Juan Felipe , Vergara-Garcia David , Perez Francisco , Benavides Camilo , Caballero Alberto , Torres Jorge , Riveros William Mauricio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Scalp arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are a rare vascular disease usually presenting as a progressively increasing pulsating mass in the scalp. These lesions can be associated with mild to severe complications, including congestive heart failure. If ruptures, this pathology constitutes a life-threatening medical emergency because of its potential to cause severe bleeding and acute anemia.
Methods We describe the case of a young woman with a ruptured Yokouchi type C scalp AVF with eyelid involvement.
Results The patient presented with hypovolemic shock and acute anemia due to severe bleeding from the lesion. Emergent treatment through a combined endovascular and open surgical approach was required to stop bleeding and stabilize the patient.
Conclusions Emergent and effective treatment is required to stop bleeding when a scalp AVF ruptures. A combination of endovascular embolization and microsurgical excision of the shunt is a treatment option.
HIV and Surgery for Degenerative Spine Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Farias Frederico Arriaga Criscuoli , Dagostini Carolina Matté , Falavigna Asdrubal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Study Aims The objective of this review is to evaluate the incidence of operative treatment, outcomes, and complications of surgery for degenerative spine disease (DSD) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients. Combined antiretroviral treatment led HIV patients to live long enough to develop many chronic conditions common in the uninfected population. Surgery for DSD is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures. However, the incidence of spine surgery for DSD in HIV-positive patients seems to be lower than that in uninfected individuals, although this has not been clearly determined.
Methods A systematic search of the Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and SciElo databases was conducted. Only primary studies addressing DSD surgery on HIV-positive patients were included. Evaluated variables were rates of surgical treatment, surgical outcomes and complications, year of publication, country where study was conducted, type of study, and level of evidence.
Results Six articles were included in the review from 1,108 records. Significantly lower rates of DSD surgery were identified in HIV-infected patients (0.86 per 1,000 patient-years) when compared with uninfected patients (1.41 per 1,000 patient-years). There was a significant increase in spinal surgery in HIV-positive patients over time, with a 0.094 incidence per 100,000 in the year 2000 and 0.303 in 2009. HIV-positive patients had very similar outcomes when compared with controls, with 66.6% presenting pain relief at a 3-month follow-up. Higher incidences of hospital mortality (1.6 vs. 0.3%; p < 0.001) and complications (12.2 vs. 9.5%, p < 0.001) were observed in HIV carriers.
Conclusions HIV-positive individuals appear to undergo less surgery for DSD than HIV-negative individuals. Improvement rates appear to be similar in both groups, even though some complications appear to be more prevalent in HIV carriers. Larger studies are needed for decisive evidence on the subject.
Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein to Monitor Clopidogrel Posology in a 7-Year-Old Child Stented for a Post-Traumatic Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Hess Valentin , Zhu François , Miguel Justine , Girard Florent , Toussaint Marie , Klein Olivier , Anxionnat René , Wiedemann Arnaud 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany pediatric medical protocols or drug posology like biantiplatelet therapy are extrapolated from adult care. This association could be indicated in specific pediatric situations such as ischemic stroke, some cardiac conditions, or to control post stent thrombosis/stenosis. If acetylsalicylic acid is commonly used, few data are available about optimal management of clopidogrel in children. We describe the case of a 7-year-old girl admitted to pediatric intensive care unit who undergoes a transitory hemiparesis after a bicycle accident. Brain magnetic resonance imaging reveals a subarachnoid hemorrhage and a wide right Sylvian arachnoid cyst. Hemorrhage predominated at the level of the optochiasmatic cistern, close to the right internal carotid artery. At the same level, angiography revealed a small aneurysm of the internal carotid artery supposed to be a postfalse traumatic aneurysm. The deployment treated this aneurysm of a flow diverter. The treatment was performed under continuous systemic heparin therapy associated with intravenous acetylsalicylic acid, and Clopidogrel was administered immediately after the procedure. An oral bi antiplatelet treatment was initiated the day 2 with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel (1 mg/kg/day). To monitor clopidogrel posology, a vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein [VASP]) was performed. The final VASP assay result was 20% for a clopidogrel posology at 0.5 mg/kg/day. Blood pressure and neurological examination were normal during all the hospitalization. VASP assay can be used in children to define the optimal posology of clopidogrel. Further studies are required to determine an optimal initial posology.
A novel device for in situ study of gas adsorption under rotation
Authors: Kosheleva R. I. , Karapantsios T. D. , Kostoglou M. , Mitropoulos A. Ch. 
Published: April 2021

The effect of rotation on adsorption kinetics of CO2 on activated carbon (AC) is studied using a novel rotation device. The device consists of a rotating cylindrical cell with inner dimensions of 4.5 cm radius and 1 mm height, while it operates at 5000 and 8000 rpm. Various cases of the CO2/AC system are examined under a rotation field: in particular, (a) solid at vacuum, (b) gas without solid, (c) gas/solid at a non-equilibrium state of the adsorption process, and (d) gas/solid near an equilibrium state of the adsorption process. Micro-fragmentation of solid particles is observed at 8000 rpm but not at 5000 rpm; the latter is then chosen as the preferable speed for the rest of the experiments. During rotation of the gas, a well is noticed at the pressure curve, the size of which is in accordance with theoretical predictions of the behavior of a spinning gas. Rotation at an early stage of the adsorption process can suppress the filling time of a rotating storage reservoir to half of its value. Rotation near the equilibrium point reveals an enhanced adsorption capacity of the solid. The physics behind these phenomena are discussed with the aid of N2-adsorption porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy measurements.