bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lignocellulosic fiber reinforced composites: Progress, performance, properties, applications, and future perspectives
Authors: Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Jawaid Mohammad , Ozbakkaloglu Togay 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental awareness across the world has motivated researchers to focus their attention on the use of cellulosic fiber as reinforcement in polymer matrices. Lignocellulosic fibers are an abundantly available resource in all countries, which is cheap and easily renewable. Also, due to their properties, cellulosic plant fibers exhibit a great potential for use in polymer reinforcement. As a result, considerable research and development efforts have been directed towards the use of cellulosic fibers as a reinforcing material in composites. The use of cellulosic fiber reinforced composites has continuously increased during recent years, which benefits the cultivation of fiber plants and the economy of the country. This research area continues to be of interest to both industry and academia, the use of cellulosic fibers in composite applications being investigated throughout the world. Cellulosic fiber reinforced composites are reasonably strong, lightweight, harmless to human health and the environment, and biodegradable, hence they have the potential to be used in various applications. Recent progress in cellulosic fiber composites research has illustrated their great potential as structural components in automobiles, aerospace structures, construction, and building, and so forth. This study is an effort to create awareness about the research works that have been published in the field of natural fiber composites. This review briefly illustrates the main paths and results of major research published in the field of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. The topics covered include the aspects of fiber treatment to improve the mechanical properties of the composites, manufacturing methods, performance of hybrid composites, effect of laminate configuration, and many different applications of natural fiber composites. By presenting a systematic view of the work performed in this area so far, this review will hopefully serve as a starting point for the development of new ideas in the research on natural fiber polymer composites.
Cellulose nanofiber networked bamboo particle‐based biocomposites
Authors: Bhole Krishnakant , Shivakumar Neerakallu D. , Chauhan Shakti Singh , Tonannavar Sanketh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with preparation and characterization of cellulose nano fibers (CNF) extracted from the bamboo pulp using TEMPO (2,2,6,6,‐Tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy) oxidization method. The CNF was used as a binder to prepare biocomposites (particleboards) from bamboo particles. The specimens were fabricated using an industrial oven and further hot pressing. Morphological analysis of bamboo pulp and CNF was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM), confirming fiber formation in nanoscale. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) of the pure CNF film shows storage modulus of 121.58 GPa. Composite specimens prepared were subjected to tensile and flexural tests to characterize the mechanical properties. The tensile strength was found to be 0.19 MPa for oven‐dried (OD) samples and 0.661 MPa for hot‐pressed (HP) samples. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) for OD samples was 121.8 and 1065.5 MPa for HP samples, respectively. Modulus of rupture (MOR) was found to be 0.77 and 3.25 MPa, for OD and HP samples, respectively. The present study results show that the CNF extracted from the bamboo pulp can be used as a sole binder in making biocomposites.
Translation of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) for use in inpatient cancer rehabilitation
Authors: McNair Keara M. , Zeitlin Dana , Slivka Anna Marie , Lequerica Anthony H. , Stubblefield Michael D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBetter tools are needed to predict functional decline and oncologic prognosis in inpatient cancer rehabilitation. The Karnofky Performance Status (KPS) is a widely used scale of functional performance in oncology, although the scale differs from current rehabilitation terminology. Use of the KPS in inpatient rehabilitation may support a shared method of communication between cancer rehabilitation providers and the primary oncology teams.ObjectiveTo establish interrater reliability for translation of the KPS for use in inpatient cancer rehabilitation.DesignRetrospective interrater reliability review.SettingA large inpatient rehabilitation hospital system.ParticipantsFifty randomized charts were chosen for review from a larger database of all patients admitted to an inpatient cancer rehabilitation program in 2020.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe KPS scale was translated into common inpatient rehabilitation grading consistent with the Continuity and Assessment Record and Evaluation (CARE) Item Set to support its use in this specialty area. Additionally, a list of best practice guidelines and scoring instructions were created to assist raters in determining appropriate levels within the scale. Members of the inpatient cancer rehabilitation team scored all patients within the larger database (n = 424) throughout 2020. A blinded rater completed retrospective chart reviews to score the 50‐chart sample. A two‐way random effects model was used to calculate an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the KPS scores at each of three time points (premorbid, admission, and discharge).ResultsThe KPS interpretation for rehabilitation proved to be statistically reliable for the 50‐chart sample. The premorbid KPS interrater reliability was acceptable (ICC = 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.82), admission KPS reliability was good (ICC = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.93), and discharge reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91–0.98).ConclusionThe KPS translation at three time points (premorbid, admission, and discharge) during the inpatient rehabilitation continuum has acceptable interrater reliability.
Epidemiologic evaluation of inhaled nitric oxide use among neonates with gestational age less than 35 weeks
Authors: Peluso Allison M. , Othman Hasan F. , Karnati Sreenivas , Sammour Ibrahim , Aly Hany Z. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in +late preterm and term infants with pulmonary hypertension is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and has improved outcomes and survival. iNO use is not FDA approved for preterm infants and previous studies show no mortality benefit. The objectives were 1) to determine the usage of iNO among preterm neonates <35 weeks before and after the 2010 National Institutes of Health consensus statement and 2) to evaluate characteristics and outcomes among preterm neonates who received iNO.MethodsThis is a population‐based cross‐sectional study. Billing and procedure codes were used to determine iNO usage. Data were queried from the National Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2016. Neonates were included if gestational age was <35 weeks. The epochs were spilt into 2004–2010 (Epoch 1) and 2011–2016 (Epoch 2). Prevalence of iNO use, mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage, length of stay, mechanical ventilation, and cost of hospitalization.ResultsThere were 4865 preterm neonates <35 weeks who received iNO. There was a significant increase in iNO use during Epoch 2 (p < 0.001). There was significantly higher use in Epoch 2 among neonates small for gestational age (SGA) 2.3% versus 7.2%, congenital heart disease (CHD) 11.1% versus 18.6%, and BPD 35.2% versus 46.8%. Mortality was significantly lower in Epoch 2 19.8% versus 22.7%.ConclusionUsage of iNO was higher after the release of the consensus statement. The increased use of iNO among preterm neonates may be targeted at specific high‐risk populations such as SGA and CHD neonates. There was lower mortality in Epoch 2; however, the cost was doubled.
Target‐site resistance to trifluralin is more prevalent in annual ryegrass populations from Western Australia
Authors: Chen Jinyi , Yu Qin , Owen Mechelle , Han Heping , Patterson Eric , Sayer Chad , Powles Stephen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrifluralin is widely used in Australia as one of the important pre‐emergence herbicides to control annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations. Trifluralin resistance evolution and mechanisms have been identified in some ryegrass populations.RESULTSIn this study, 21 putative resistant field survey populations from Western Australian were screened with trifluralin, and 90% (19 of 21) contained individuals surviving 480 g ha−1 trifluralin treatment. Twelve populations contained individuals possessing the known α‐tubulin resistance mutations at Val‐202, Thr‐239 and Arg‐243 in TUA4 (alpha‐tubulin 4 n), plus multiple potential resistance mutations in TUA4 pending genetic confirmation. Three populations had only individuals carrying newly identified (but uncharacterized) mutations in TUA3/TUA4. Radioactive work found that six populations evolved metabolic resistance to trifluralin, and at least four of them also possessed the known and/or putative target‐site mutations.CONCLUSIONThese results confirm that a high incidence of resistance to the dinitroaniline herbicide (trifluralin) is present, and target‐site tubulin mutations make a major contribution to resistance in these annual ryegrass populations. Co‐evolution of both target‐site and non‐target‐site resistance to per‐emergence herbicides warrants diverse management tactics.
The effect of almond intake on glycemic control: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Asbaghi Omid , Moodi Vihan , Neisi Azadeh , Shirinbakhshmasoleh Mina , Abedi Sajjad , Oskouie Fatemeh Hosseini , Eslampour Elham , Ghaedi Ehsan , Miraghajani Maryam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNumber trials have evaluated the effect of almond intake on glycemic control in adults; however, the results remain equivocal. Therefore, the present meta‐analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of almond intake on glycemic parameters. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to August 2021 for trials that examined the effect of almond intake on glycemic control parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, HOMA‐IR, and HbA1C. Treatment effects were expressed as mean difference (MD) and the standard deviation (SD) of outcomes. To estimate the overall effect of almond intake, we used the random‐effects model. In total, 24 studies with 31 arms were included in our analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that almond intake did not significantly change the concentrations of FBS, HbA1c, insulin levels, and HOMA‐IR. In conclusion, there is currently no convincing evidence that almonds have a clear beneficial effect on glycemic control. Future studies are needed before any confirmed conclusion could be drowned.
Reactivity of short radicals at the initial stages of radical polymerization of allyl chloride: Chain growth versus addition to fullerene
Authors: Diniakhmetova Diana R. , Yumagulova Rosa Kh. , Kolesov Sergey V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA quantum‐chemical study of the C60 interaction with various radicals generated from monomers in radical polymerization is significant in the fundamental aspects. However, the interactions between fullerene and radicals formed from allyl monomers has been poorly studied. Using the modern density functional theory methods, we performed quantum‐chemical simulation on the C60 interaction with the radicals arising upon the initial stages of the allyl chloride polymerization. We have found that the addition of growth radicals (with 1–4 monomer units) to C60 are more favorable than the chain growth reactions. Herewith, the radicals with 2–4 monomer units are most reactive in the addition reaction. Our quantum‐chemical findings explain the features of the initial stages of the allyl chloride radical polymerization in the presence of C60, namely, the increasing inhibition degree of the radical copolymerization of allyl chloride with methyl methacrylate and increasing induction period of copolymerization with styrene.
Long‐term surface water mapping in the Pearl River Delta based on multiple satellite images
Authors: Hu Mengmeng , Xia Beicheng , Wang Yafei , Jiao Mengyu , Wu Maoquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch on surface water (SW) dynamics is important for understanding climate change and the impacts of human activities on water resources. This article assesses the extent and direction of SW changes in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Landsat images were used to determine the area of SW based on the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI); the center of gravity was used to map the shifting distribution of SW dynamics; and landscape indices and potential causes of the observed SW changes were explored. Although the PRD has experienced high‐intensity economic development for 30 years, the total SW areas in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 were 2,608, 3,154, 3,521, and 3,613 km2, respectively. The center of gravity of SW was in Shunde, Foshan (FS), which exhibited a trend of westward expansion. Over time, the landscape pattern of SW in the PRD became increasingly fragmented, and its shape tended to be complex. The growth of fish ponds was the most obvious change, as illustrated by the increase in aquatic product production. These and other findings highlight the importance of patterns, structures, and policies in SW dynamic analyses. Wetland and agricultural policies will likely cause the maintenance or continued expansion of SW areas.
A branching process approach to level‐k phylogenetic networks
Authors: Stufler Benedikt 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mathematical analysis of random phylogenetic networks via analytic and algorithmic methods has received increasing attention in the past years. In the present work we introduce branching process methods to their study. This approach appears to be new in this context. Our main results focus on random level‐k networks with n labeled leaves. Although the number of reticulation vertices in such networks is typically linear in n, we prove that their asymptotic global and local shape is tree‐like in a well‐defined sense. We show that the depth process of vertices in a large network converges towards a Brownian excursion after rescaling by . We also establish Benjamini–Schramm convergence of large random level‐k networks towards a novel random infinite network.
Stable Bismuth‐Doped Lead Halide Perovskite Core‐Shell Nanocrystals by Surface Segregation Effect
Authors: Zhu Jingrun , Zhou Lihui , Zhu Yihua , Huang Jianfei , Hou Lu , Shen Jianhua , Dai Sheng , Li Chunzhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance, however, the broad application is limited by their poor stability. Herein, a strategy for stable core‐shell structured bismuth‐doped lead halide perovskite NCs is reported. The stable core‐shell perovskite NCs are prepared based on heterovalent substitutions and surface segregation effect. Core‐shell features are revealed through advanced characterization and structure analyses. Meanwhile, the transfer of carriers between the core and the shell is observed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The core‐shell structured perovskite NCs exhibit outstanding structure stability and retain 97% of the original photocatalytic efficiency after cycle experiments under moisture ambient and light irradiation. Such a core‐shell structure constructs gradient energy levels. These findings are expected to facilitate the development of stable lead halide perovskite devices.
Lipid‐Activatable Fluorescent Probe for Intraoperative Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque Using In Situ Patch
Authors: Zheng Jinrong , Zhao Shanshan , Mao Yijie , Du Zhichao , Li Gang , Sang Mangmang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe surgical removal of lesions is among the most common and effective treatments for atherosclerosis. It is often the only curative treatment option, and the ability to visualize the full extent of atherosclerotic plaque during the operation has major implications for the therapeutic outcome. Fluorescence imaging is a promising approach for the inspection of atherosclerotic plaques during surgery. However, there is no systematic strategy for intraoperative fluorescent imaging in atherosclerosis. In this study, the in situ attachment of a lipid‐activatable fluorescent probe (CN‐N2)‐soaked patch to the outer arterial surface is reported for rapid and precise localization of the atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE‐deficient mouse during surgery. Stable imaging of the plaque is conducted within 5 min via rapid recognition of abnormally accumulated lipid droplets (LDs) in foam cells. Furthermore, the plaque/normal ratio (P/N) is significantly enhanced to facilitate surgical delineation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Visible fluorescence bioimaging using lipid‐activatable probes can accurately delineate plaque sizes down to diameters of <0.5 mm, and the images can be swiftly captured within the stable plaque imaging time window. These findings on intraoperative fluorescent imaging of plaques via the in situ attachment of the CN‐N2 patch hold promise for effective clinical applications.
Purcell Enhancement of a Cavity‐Coupled Emitter in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Fröch Johannes E. , Li Chi , Chen Yongliang , Toth Milos , Kianinia Mehran , Kim Sejeong , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntegration of solid‐state quantum emitters into nanophotonic circuits is a critical step towards fully on‐chip quantum photonic‐based technologies. Among potential materials platforms, quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have emerged as a viable candidate over the last years. While the fundamental physical properties have been intensively studied, only a few works have focused on the emitter integration into photonic resonators. Yet, for a potential quantum photonic material platform, the integration with nanophotonic cavities is an important cornerstone, as it enables the deliberate tuning of the spontaneous emission and the improved readout of distinct transitions for a quantum emitter. In this work, the resonant tuning of a monolithic cavity integrated hBN quantum emitter is demonstrated through gas condensation at cryogenic temperature. In resonance, an emission enhancement and lifetime reduction are observed, with an estimate for the Purcell factor of ≈15.
Nitrogen‐Enriched Conjugated Polymer Enabled Metal‐Free Carbon Nanozymes with Efficient Oxidase‐Like Activity
Authors: Zhu Dangqiang , Zhang Mengli , Pu Li , Gai Panpan , Li Feng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetal‐free carbon nanozymes could be promising with the unique features of intrinsic catalytic ability, structure diversity, and strong tolerance to acidic/alkaline media. However, to date, the study of metal‐free carbon nanozymes fell far behind metal‐based nanomaterials, in which, the majority reported much more peroxidase‐like activity than other enzyme‐mimicking behavior (e.g., oxidase). Thus, the exploit of high‐performance carbon nanozymes is of importance but challenging. In this work, the nitrogen‐rich conjugated polymer (Aza‐CPs) with rigid network structure is utilized as precursor to yield N‐doped carbon material QAU‐Z1 in high yield via a direct pyrolysis method. Surprisingly, QAU‐Z1 stood out in oxidase‐like behavior, which significantly outperformed the control materials GNC‐900 and QAU‐Z2 with nucleobase or conjugated small molecule as precursor, respectively. More importantly, it is a crucial revelation that the catalytic performance is closely related to the change of zeta potential for carbon nanozyme during the substrate 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine oxidation process, as well as its catalytical capacity to O2, which could be insightful to understand the inherent mechanism. This work not only presents the potential of conjugated polymers in constructing highly efficient carbon nanozyme, but also reveals the vital role of interaction mode between the nanozyme and substrate in the catalytic performance.
Au Polyhedron Array with Tunable Crystal Facets by PVP‐Assisted Thermodynamic Control and Its Sharp Shape As Well As High‐Energy Exposed Planes Co‐Boosted SERS Activity
Authors: Li Xuejiao , Zhang Tao , Chen Zhiming , Yu Jie , Cao An , Liu Dilong , Cai Weiping , Li Yue 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA route is developed for directly growing 2D Au polyhedron arrays with controllable exposed facets of polyhedron by utilizing the substrate‐supported 2D Au quasi‐spherical nanoparticle arrays as the Au seed arrays, which cannot be realized by traditional lithography. In the reaction system, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) plays a vital role in guiding the reduced Au atoms and stabilizing the substrate‐supported Au seeds. More importantly, by thermodynamic control, PVP as a capping agent can further direct the formation of {111} facets. The key to guarantee the integrity and periodicity of array is a proper reduction of Au ions and low growth rate of crystal. Benefiting from the higher electric field intensity near the sharp vertexes and edges of Au polyhedra and the exposed {110} facets with high energy, the Au polyhedron array with {110} facets encasing polyhedron exhibits good, stable surface enhanced Raman scattering activity toward 4‐aminothiophenol among the involved arrays. The proposed fabrication approach tremendously enriches the structural diversity of Au nanoarrays on substrates and greatly overcomes the shortcoming of traditional lithography.
Oxygen Reduction Activity of B←N‐Containing Organic Molecule Affected by Asymmetric Regulation
Authors: Wang Meilong , Wang Bingbing , Song Weichen , Wang Xuchao , Peng Xudong , Long Xiaojing , Xia Yanzhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic molecular catalysts have received great attention as they have the merits of well‐controlled molecular structures for the development of catalytic chemistry. Herein, the electronic distribution of active sites is regulated by asymmetrically introducing S‐heterocycle on one side of the molecular core. As a result, the asymmetric as‐PYT and as‐BNT show higher oxygen reduction performance than their symmetric counterparts without (s‐PY, s‐PY2T) or with two S‐heterocycle units (s‐BN, s‐BN2T). Density functional theory calculations reveal that the carbon atoms (site–12) at symmetric s‐BN and s‐BN2T are the catalytic active sites, while for asymmetric as‐BNT, it has changed to amino‐N atom (site‐14). Due to the non‐uniform charge distribution and increased dipole moment of as‐BNT caused by asymmetric molecular configuration, the kinetics of catalytic reaction has changed significantly. The catalytically active sites of specific N atoms are further verified experimentally and theoretically by using sterically hindered phenyl groups. This work provides a simple but efficient method to design metal‐free oxygen reduction electrocatalysts.