bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forestland transfer between rural households in Jiangxi, China: Differentiated effects of actual and perceived tenure security
Authors: Liu Xiaojin , Huang Longjunjiang , Du Juan , Xie Fangting , Zhu Shubin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the potentially differentiated impacts of actual and perceived tenure security on rural households' forestland transfer behavior. Logit and Tobit models were estimated using repeated survey data from 505 households in 50 villages of Jiangxi Province during 2017–2018. The results show that there is a great difference in the influence of actual and perceived tenure security on the transfer behavior. Issuing forest tenure certificates promotes the renting out of forestland by households but has no significant effect on forestland renting in. Meanwhile, perceived tenure security has a significant effect on forestland transfer behavior. Households' understanding and evaluation of the existing tenure policy also has a significantly positive impact on household's rent‐out behavior. Further, the logging quota system has a significantly negative effect on household's renting in and out behavior. Our analysis suggests that the government should strive to improve the awareness of rural families regarding forest tenure policy and that the logging quota should be modified to incentivize farmers' active participation in forest management.
Application and repeatability of ocular biometric measures for gaze position calibration in children
Authors: Ntodie Michael , Enimah Eugene B , Akoto Yaw O , Yennu Joseph N , Abokyi Samuel , Abu Emmanuel K 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of two ocular biometric measurements to obtain Hirschberg ratios (HRs) in a binocularly normal paediatric population, and to assess the repeatability of this approach.MethodsOcular biometry data from 80 participants (aged 5 to 14 years) was obtained using the KM‐1 LED manual keratometer and the Tomey Biometer AL‐100 A‐scan. HRs were calculated from corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth measurements in the horizontal and vertical meridians of each eye using a regression equation based on a geometric optics model. To assess intrasubject variability in the HRs obtained from biometry, measurements were repeated approximately 1 h later.ResultsAt the initial measurement, mean (SD, range) HRs were 10.77 (0.79, 9.14–12.73) and 11.02 (0.82, 9.48–13.32) °/mm for the horizontal and vertical meridians, respectively. There was a significant difference between the horizontal and vertical HRs (p < 0.0001). Mean intrasubject variability of HR was 0.06 °/mm (95% Limit of Agreement [LOA]: −0.82 to 0.94 °/mm), and 0.05 °/mm (95% LOA: −1.05 to 1.15 °/mm) for the horizontal and vertical meridians, respectively.ConclusionThe results indicated that HRs obtained through ocular biometry in a binocularly normal paediatric population are consistent with previous studies in both strabismic children and adult cohorts. The HRs obtained with this technique were highly repeatable in this study population. This approach to gaze position calibration could be used in lieu of other empirical techniques in children.
Association of vision loss and depressive symptomatology in older adults assessed for ocular health in senior living facilities
Authors: Silverstein Steven M , Sörensen Silvia , Sunkara Anoop , Lai Adriann , Fradkin Samantha I , Ramchandran Rajeev S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposePeople with vision loss are at increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical depression. However, screening for depression is rarely done in eye care settings or among groups in the general population known to have vision disorders.MethodsWe examined the prevalence of depression, using the Patient Health Questionnaire – 2 (PHQ‐2), among a group of older adults (N = 204; mean age = 82.15) at two senior living facilities (SLFs) and determined the relationships between severity of depression and objective visual findings, visual function, beliefs about taking an active role in one's own eye care (i.e., patient activation) and level of social support.ResultsApproximately 50% of the sample had impaired vision in at least one eye, and close to 30% of the sample obtained a score on the PHQ‐2 indicating the likely presence of major depressive disorder. Visual testing findings were related to visual function (e.g., ability to read), but not to depression. Patient activation was also not significantly related to the level of depression. However, impaired visual functioning and less social support were both strong predictors of depression. These two variables and their interaction accounted for 17% of the total PHQ‐2 score variance.ConclusionsThese data indicate the potential utility of screening for depression as part of vision care in populations likely to have significant vision loss. The findings also suggest that a comprehensive approach to depression prevention and/or reduction in SLF and similar populations may require interventions to address reduced visual functioning and methods to strengthen social networks.
Phylogenetic sampling affects evolutionary patterns of morphological disparity
Authors: Smith Thomas J. , Puttick Mark N. , O’Reilly Joseph E. , Pisani Davide , Donoghue Philip C. J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCladistic character matrices are routinely repurposed in analyses of morphological disparity. Unfortunately, the sampling of taxa and characters within such datasets reflects their intended application (to resolve phylogeny, rather than distinguish between phenotypes) resulting in tree shapes that often misrepresent broader taxonomic and morphological diversity. Here we use tree shape as a proxy to explore how sampling can affect perceptions of evolving morphological disparity. Through analyses of simulated and empirical data, we demonstrate that sampling can introduce biases in morphospace occupation between clades that are predicted by differences in tree symmetry and branch length distribution. Symmetrical trees with relatively long internal branches predict more expansive patterns of morphospace occupation. Conversely, asymmetrical trees with relatively short internal branches predict more compact distributions. Additionally, we find that long external branches predict greater phenotypic divergence by peripheral morphotypes. Taken together, our results caution against the uncritical repurposing of cladistic datasets in disparity analyses. However, they also demonstrate that when morphological diversity is proportionately sampled, differences in tree shape between clades can speak to genuine differences in morphospace occupation. While cladistic datasets may serve as a useful starting point, disparity datasets must attempt to achieve uniformity in lineage sampling across time and topology. Only when all potential sources of bias are accounted for can evolutionary phenomena be distinguished from artefactual signals. It must be accepted that the non‐uniformity of the fossil record may preclude representative sampling and, therefore, a faithful characterization of the evolution of morphological disparity.
Robotic monosegment donor hepatectomy for pediatric liver transplantation: First report
Authors: Rela Mohamed , Rajalingam Rajesh , Shetty Guruprasad , Cherukuru Ramkiran , Rammohan Ashwin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLT for infants less than 5 kg remains a challenge with high technical complication rates, which is further compounded by large‐for‐size grafts requiring hyper‐reduction. The benefits of MIDH especially for standard left lateral segment (LLS) resection have been unequivocally demonstrated. However, given the fine margins of error, the highly challenging technical aspects of anatomical graft reduction test the limits of safety and may not be routinely feasible with the conventional laparoscopic approach.Case ReportA 14‐month‐old girl weighing 4.4 kg with extrahepatic biliary atresia was referred to our unit for an LT. Her mother volunteered to donate and the calculated volume of the LLS was 342 ml, with an estimated GRWR of 7.6. Given the extremely high GRWR, a segment II monosegment graft was planned. A RMDH was performed, with a final GRWR of 4. The donor and recipient were discharged on the 5th and 12th post‐operative days, respectively.ConclusionWe present the first‐ever report of an RMDH. Our report highlights the fact that robotic surgery can safely replicate a highly precise surgical operation, thereby safely pushing the limits of MIDH.
Infrared, Electronic Absorption and Emission Spectra of Tris (4‐methyl‐1‐(1‐ methyl‐1H‐benzo [d] imidazol‐2‐yl)‐4H‐benzo [d]imidazo[1,5‐a]imidazol‐3‐yl) methyl: Roles of Molecular Electronic States and Axial Substitution
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Yuexing , Liu Bin , Zeng Ming‐Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn order to comparing and explaining the experimental infrared, electronic absorption and emission spectra of tris (4‐methyl‐1‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo [d] imidazol‐2‐yl) −4H‐benzo [d] imidazo[1,5‐a]imidazol‐3‐yl) methyl (L6), density functional theory calculations were performed to systematically study the spectral properties of several species with different electronic states (L6+, L6 and HL6+), as well as the axial substituted derivative with methoxy group (L6‐OCH3). The main peaks in the vibrational, electronic absorption and emission spectra were assigned in detail. Roles of molecular electronic states and axial substitution on the spectral properties are revealed. The calculated spectra are compared with experimental results to distinguish the nature of L6 in crystal and solvent. This work combing experiment and theoretical calculations would be good example for clarifying molecular electronic states and, thus, promising the practice application of such kind of novel molecules.
Identifying resting state differences salient for resilience to chronic pain based on machine learning multivariate pattern analysis
Authors: You Beibei , Wen Hongwei , Jackson Todd 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies have documented behavior differences between more versus less resilient adults with chronic pain (CP), but the presence and nature of underlying neurophysiological differences have received scant attention. In this study, we attempted to identify regions of interest (ROIs) in which resting state (Rs) brain activity discriminated more from less resilient CP subgroups based on multiple kernel learning (MKL). More and less resilient community‐dwellers with chronic musculoskeletal pain (70 women, 39 men) engaged in structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, wherein MKL assessed Rs activity based on amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) modalities to identify ROIs most salient for discriminating more versus less resilient subgroups. Compared to classification based on single modalities, multi‐modal classification based on combined fALFF and ReHo features achieved a substantially higher classification accuracy rate (79%). Brain regions with the best discriminative power included those implicated in pain processing, reward, executive function, goal‐directed action, emotion regulation and resilience to mood disorders though variation trends were not consistent between more and less resilient subgroups. Results revealed patterns of Rs activity that serve as possible biomarkers for resilience to chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Innovation‐adjusted economic complexity and growth: Do patent flows reveal enhanced economic capabilities?
Authors: Lybbert Travis J. , Xu Mingzhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding economic growth has been a primary pursuit for generations of economists. Hidalgo and Hausmann (2009) (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 10570–10575) charted new territory in this pursuit by using bipartite international trade networks to characterize the economic complexity of a country based on the capabilities implied by the products it exports. The resulting Economic Complexity Index (ECI) correlates strongly with income levels and predicts subsequent economic growth with some statistical precision. We propose an innovation‐adjusted ECI (i‐ECI) that uses a high‐resolution patent–trade concordance to construct trade networks weighted by domestic and international patent application flows. The i‐ECI thus reflects firms’ decisions about where to seek patent protection on industry‐specific inventions, allows for heterogeneity in the relative importance of patenting across industries, and implicitly captures firms’ perceived innovation potential in the recipient countries. Although the i‐ECI is highly correlated with the ECI (correlation coefficient greater than 92%), it is a stronger and more statistically precise predictor of economic growth than the unadjusted ECI.
Effects of pollution abatement activities on environmental efficiency and productivity: Empirical evidence from the Chinese industrial sector
Authors: Shimizu Masayuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the 2000s, China has been aggressively involved in controlling industrial pollution, and end‐of‐pipe approaches have certainly reduced pollution emissions. This study aims to measure environmental efficiency and productivity in the Chinese industrial sector and investigate whether pollution abatement activities have a negative impact on environmental efficiency and productivity. Using regional data from 29 provinces from 1997 to 2010, the results show that significant improvements were made in environmental efficiency and productivity in the Eastern region, but not in the Western region. The estimation results after conducting a panel data analysis, however, show that increased pollution abatement activities are associated with a decline in environmental efficiency and productivity. The findings suggest that if China can promote the diffusion of cleaner production technology with the expansion of abatement activities, there is potential for increasing the levels of environmental efficiency and productivity.
Translating social policy ideas: The Beveridge report, transnational diffusion, andpost‐warwelfare state development in Canada, Denmark, and France
Authors: Béland Daniel , Marchildon Gregory P. , Mioni Michele , Petersen Klaus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the history of social policy in advanced industrial societies, the 1942 Beveridge Report stands as one of the most influential government‐sponsored reports ever published. In this article, we explore how the principles and the policy proposals formulated in the report diffused to other countries and how domestic actors adapted them to their local context through policy translation processes. The social policy ideas that Beveridge put forward in his 1942 report influenced post‐war policy debates in ways that varied greatly from country to country. To illustrate this claim, we analyse the reception and policy impact of this report over time in three different welfare states: Canada, Denmark, and France. This comparison shows how Beveridge's ideas influenced policy debates in different countries through translation processes that adapted these ideas to each country's institutional and political context.
Mass media exposure and disproportional influences on materialistic values and buying impulsiveness among urban youth
Authors: Yu Nan Sook , Nam‐Speers Jiwon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe literature on adolescent consumption behavior asserts that environmental features affect buying impulsiveness of the urban youth in Korea. This research assesses this assertion by examining adolescents’ buying impulsiveness through the integration of mediating and moderating effects that exert influence on them.MethodWe used a structural equation model to evaluate the relationships between all constructs and the measurement errors of multi‐indicators, and to determine whether the proposed relationships are supported by the data.ResultsSchool as an environmental feature did not universally influence adolescents’ materialistic values, as its effect in this respect was instead moderated by students' level of exposure to mass media. When a high level of such exposure was present, school had a substantial impact on the presence and growth of materialistic values. In terms of another environmental feature, the influence of students' peers significantly increased their buying impulsiveness, while the influence of parents moderately decreased it.ConclusionThis study contributes to the elaboration of a more comprehensive causal model of adolescents' buying impulsiveness.
Experimental Study of Pool Boiling Enhancement Using a Two-Step Electrodeposited Cu–GNPs Nanocomposite Porous Surface With R-134a
Authors: Katarkar Anil S. , Pingale Ajay D. , Belgamwar Sachin U. , Bhaumik Swapan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The fabrication of porous metallic composite coating on the heating surface to improve pool boiling heat transfer (BHT) performance has received significant attention in recent years. In this work, Cu–GNPs nanocomposite coatings, which were prepared on a copper substrate using various current densities through a two-step electrodeposition technique, were used as heating surfaces to study the pool BHT performance of refrigerant R-134a. The surface morphology, elemental composition, thickness, surface roughness, and porosity of prepared Cu–GNPs nanocomposite coatings are studied and presented in detail. All Cu–GNPs nanocomposite coated surfaces exhibited improved boiling performance compared to the plain Cu surface. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) values for Cu–GNPs nanocomposite coated Cu surfaces prepared at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 A/cm2 were improved up to 1.48, 1.67, 1.82, and 1.97, respectively, compared with the plain Cu surface. The enhancement in the HTC is mainly associated with the increase in surface roughness, active nucleation site density, and micro/nanoporosity of the heating surface.
Evaluation of the ESFR End of Equilibrium Cycle State: Spatial Distributions of Reactivity Coefficients
Authors: Baker Una , Margulis Marat , Shwageraus Eugene , Fridman Emil , Carrascosa Antonio Jiménez , García Herranz Nuria , Cabellos Oscar , Gregg Robert , Krepel Jiri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Horizon 2020 European Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor Safety Measures Assessment and Research Tools (ESFR-SMART) project investigates the behavior of the commercial-size ESFR throughout its lifetime. This paper reports work focused on the end of equilibrium cycle (EOEC) loading of the ESFR, including neutronic analysis, core- and zone-wise reactivity coefficients, and more detailed local mapping of important safety-relevant parameters. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis on these parameters have also been performed, and a detailed investigation into decay heat mapping was carried out. Due to the scope of this work, the results have been split into three papers. The nominal operating conditions and both zone-wise and local mapping of reactivity coefficients are considered in this paper. The work was performed across four institutions using both continuous-energy Monte Carlo (MC) and deterministic reactor physics codes. A good agreement is observed between the methods, verifying the suitability of these codes for simulation of large, complicated reactor configurations and giving confidence in the results for the most limiting ESFR EOEC core state for safety analysis. The results from this work will serve as the basis for the transient calculations planned for the next stage of work on the ESFR, allowing for more in-depth studies to be performed on the multiphysics behavior of the reactor.
A Digital Twin for Automated Layup of Prepreg Composite Sheets
Authors: Chen Yi-Wei , Joseph Rex Jomy , Kanyuck Alec , Khan Shahwaz , Malhan Rishi K. , Manyar Omey M. , McNulty Zachary , Wang Bohan , Barbič Jernej , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The composite sheet layup process involves stacking several layers of a viscoelastic prepreg sheet and curing the laminate to manufacture the component. Demands for automating functional tasks in the composite manufacturing processes have dramatically increased in the past decade. A simulation system representing a digital twin of the composite sheet can aid in the development of such an autonomous system for prepreg sheet layup. While finite element analysis (FEA) is a popular approach for simulating flexible materials, material properties need to be encoded to produce high-fidelity mechanical simulations. We present a methodology to predict material parameters of a thin-shell FEA model based on real-world observations of the deformations of the object. We utilize the model to develop a digital twin of a composite sheet. The method is tested on viscoelastic composite prepreg sheets and fabric materials such as cotton cloth, felt, and canvas. We discuss the implementation and development of a high-speed FEA simulator based on the VegaFEM library. By using our method to identify sheet material parameters, the sheet simulation system is able to predict sheet behavior within 5 cm of average error and have proven its capability for 10 fps real-time sheet simulation.
The Influence of Carbon Nanotubes and Reprocessing on the Morphology and Properties of High-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Stan Felicia , Sandu Ionut-Laurentiu , Constantinescu (Turcanu) Adriana-Madalina , Stanciu Nicoleta-Violeta , Fetecau Catalin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study investigates virgin and recycled high-density polyethylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (HDPE/MWCNT) composites using thermophysical and mechanical characterization techniques to generate knowledge and understand the recyclability of these composites. First, virgin samples with 0.1–5 wt% of MWCNTs were prepared by injection molding. Then, the HDPE/MWCNT composite waste, selectively collected based on the nanotube wt%, was mechanically recycled and successively reprocessed by injection molding. The experimental results show that the degradation process of the end-user properties (mechanical and electrical properties) depends on the MWCNT loading. The higher the carbon nanotube loading, the higher the degradation of the end-user properties. The HDPE/MWCNT composites were found to be resistant to degradation at carbon nanotube loadings below the percolation threshold (located around 3 wt%). In contrast, the recycled HDPE/MWCNT composites with 5 wt% showed a reduction in viscosity, mechanical and electrical properties with recycling. After four reprocessing cycles, degradation in the Young modulus (−35%), tensile strength (−25%), elongation at break (−60%), and electrical conductivity (−2 orders of magnitude) of the HDPE/MWCNT composite with 5 wt% was observed as compared with the virgin composite. From an industrial perspective, it is feasible to recycle HDPE/MWCNT composite waste by mechanical recycling and reuse it to manufacture products with favorable mechanical properties, covering insulating, antistatic and semiconducting ranges depending on the MWCNT loading, owing to the protective effect of carbon nanotubes against thermomechanical degradation.