bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the immuno stimulation of radiation degraded β-glucan in swiss mice
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Long , Le Quang Luan 
Published: October 2021

The mixtures β-glucan extracted from the yeast cell wall were irradiated under gamma rays from a Co-60 source at doses of 100, 200 and 300 kGy in order to prepare water-soluble β-glucan. Yields of the water soluble β-glucan produced are 25.9, 49.1, 66.71%, and their molecular weights (Mw) are 30.5, 24.9 and 10.8 kDa, respectively. There are no any new peak in the IR spectra of the irradiated β-glucan samples, but the intensity ratio between the peaks at wavenumber of 1156 cm-1 (assigned to C-O-C bond) and of 1040 cm-1 (assigned to C-C bond) in glycosidic linkages was reduced with irradiation dose. These results revealed that gamma irradiation did not cause any change in the β-glucan structure except the scissions of glycosidic linkages. In this study, immuno stimulation of the irradiated b-glucan was also investigated for the Swiss mice. After 28 days supplying with the irradiated b-glucan, not only cellular indexes (white blood cell, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts), but also humoral immunity indexes (IgA and IgM) of the mice significantly increased and the highest effects was obtained for the mice supplied with the oligoβ-glucan prepared by gamma irradiation at 200 kGy. Thus, the water soluble oligoβ-glucan with Mw ~ 24.9 kDa prepared by gamma radiation much stimulated the natural immune system (non-specific immunity) in mice including both the cellular and humoral immunities. Particularly, the irradiated b-glucan is a very promising product for preparation of functional foods aiming at cancer prevention.
Memoria II Congreso y Certamen Internacional de Investigación y Posgrado
Authors: Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de El Salvador  
Published: October 2021

La Facultad de Odontologia de la Universidad de El Salvador, a través de su Centro de Investigaciones y la Escuela de Posgrado, tuvieron el agrado de celebrar los días 25, 26 y 27 de noviembre de 2020, el II Congreso y Certamen Internacional de Investigación y Posgrado (modalidad virtual), desarrollado con el propósito de abrir un espacio para la difusión de la producción científica nacional e internacional, promover la producción de conocimiento y establecer redes de cooperación internacional para la investigación en ciencias odontológicas, cumpliendo con uno de los principios ineludibles de la Universidad de El Salvador de regir la investigación en el país.
El congreso incluyo conferencias magistrales con énfasis en las metodologías y líneas de investigación en Odontologia actuales, impartidas por ponentes internacionales, de reconocida trayectoria científica.
Este evento sin precedentes en la investigación en ciencias odontológicas en el país, conto con la participación de 34 trabajos presentados en modalidad oral por investigadores de diferentes países de Iberoamérica, participando en las categorías de pregrado, posgrado y libre; incluyendo las áreas temáticas Epidemiologia, Investigación Clínica y Casos Clínicos. Dichos trabajos fueron evaluados por un selecto jurado conformado por 17 académicos investigadores procedentes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (México), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (España), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (México), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México), Universidad de Granada (España), Universidad Federal do Paraná (Brasil), Universidad Austral de Chile (Chile), Universidad de Talca (Chile), Universidad de Salamanca (España) y Hospital Nacional Benjamín Bloom (El Salvador).
El Comité Científico Organizador del evento realizo la selección, corrección y compilación de los resúmenes de los trabajos que se presentan en estas memorias.
Implementation of a medical oncology fellow-initiated financial toxicity screening program in outpatient medical oncology clinics
Authors: Borno Hala T. , Legaspi Nichole , Brondfield Sam , Philip Errol , Cinar Pelin , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2021

Introduction The National Cancer Institute defines financial toxicity as “problems a patient has related to costs of cancer care.” Financial toxicity is a critical problem in cancer treatment and one that remains conventionally outside of clinical discussion and treatment decision-making. Methods This is a feasibility pilot study of the implementation of a medical oncology fellow-led financial toxicity screening intervention program at the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (HDFCCC) at the University of California San Francisco. Fellows were asked to conduct and document financial toxicity screening of patients seen in medical oncology outpatient clinics from August 2017 to March 2018 in the electronic medical record. Results At baseline, no fellows documented financial toxicity screening. Screening rates peaked at 49%, however at the end of the intervention the screening rate decreased to 11% among participants. Conclusions The results of the pilot feasibility study revealed that a fellow-led financial toxicity screening program in medical oncology clinics rendered low adherence to patient screening. Future research will need to develop mechanisms for identifying patients who may experience high levels of financial distress in medical oncology practice.
Telework during COVID-19 outbreak: Impact on mental health among Italian workers
Authors: Bertino Vincenzo , Nisticò Veronica , D'Agostino Armando , Priori Alberto , Gambini Orsola , Demartini Benedetta 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The outbreak of COVID-19 lead to an uptake of telework worldwide. We evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, potential risks, and protective factors, across a sample of Italian workers that converted to teleworking.Methods: 804 participants completed an online survey, including sociodemographic information (current work routine, home environment and clinical history) and the psychometric scales “Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 items” and “Insomnia Severity Index.”Results: 30% of participants presented pathological levels of depression, 20.8% of anxiety, 30.7% of stress, and 5% appeared to suffer from insomnia. Prevalence was higher in respondents with psychological and physical frailties, greater social isolation or inadequate working spaces. However, telework itself was broadly appreciated and did not seem to be directly associated with increased psychiatric symptoms, which were exacerbated instead by COVID-19-related stress or by constitutional and social determinants of health.Conclusions: Authorities should promote adequate measures to guarantee a healthy approach to teleworking.
Preoperative Opioid Use Predicts Postoperative Opioid Use and Inferior Clinically Notable Outcomes After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Lu Yining , Cohn Matthew R. , Baker James , Garrigues Grant , Nicholson Gregory , Verma Nikhil , Cole Brian J. , Forsythe Brian 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Preoperative opioid use (OU) may negatively affect outcomes after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). This study aims to evaluate the influence of preoperative OU on achievement of midterm clinically notable outcomes (CSOs) after TSA and identify factors associated with prolonged postoperative OU and persistent pain after TSA.

Methods:
Using a single-institution, prospectively collected TSA registry, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent surgery between 2014 and 2019. Subjects were stratified into two cohorts: preoperative OU within 12 months of surgery and opioid naive (N-OU) patients. Minimum 1-year postoperative scores and achievement of CSOs patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), as well as predictors of postoperative OU and persistent pain, were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 817 patients were included with 706 patients in the N-OU cohort and 111 patients in the OU cohort. Although both patients in the N-OU and OU cohorts showed statistically significant improvements at the 1-year follow-up, absolute PROM scores were less favorable in the OU cohort (all P < 0.05). Preoperative opioid users were significantly less likely to achieve minimal clinically important difference (odds ratios [ORs]: 0.47 to 2.4, all P < 0.05) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (ORs: 0.41 to 2.12, all P < 0.05) on the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, Constant-Murley Shoulder Score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain, Veterans Rand 12-Item Health Survey, Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey, and Veterans Rand 6D and substantial clinical benefit (OR: 0.50 to 0.56, P < 0.05) on the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation. Preoperative OU significantly predicted increased OU at 6 months (OR: 7.11, P = 0.009) and 1-year follow-up (OR: 40.23, P < 0.001) and persistent pain at 1 year (OR: 2.37, P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Preoperative OU markedly correlated with worse PROMs at 1 year postoperatively. Although preoperative opioid users demonstrate improvement in functional-related and health-related quality-of-life PROMs after TSA, they are markedly less likely to achieve CSOs and were more likely to report persistent pain and continued OU at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. Opioid users undergoing TSA should be counseled regarding their expected outcomes, and preventive measures should aim to limit prolonged OU/abuse after surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, retrospective cohort study
Safety and Cost Effectiveness of Outpatient Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Calkins Tyler E. , Mosher Zachary A. , Throckmorton Thomas W. , Brolin Tyler J. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Changes in healthcare policy have driven many hospital-based surgeries to the outpatient environment. Multiple studies have shown outpatient total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a safe alternative to the inpatient setting. This systematic review evaluates patient selection, perioperative protocols, complications, costs, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes of outpatient TSA and compares these with their inpatient counterparts.

Methods:
The Emnbase, Medline, and CENTRAL databases were queried on April 30, 2020, for outpatient TSA studies, identifying 232 articles, with 21 meeting inclusion criteria. This involved 25,808 and 231,408 patients undergoing outpatient and inpatient TSA, respectively. Failed same-day discharge, readmissions, revision surgeries, cost, and complications among outpatient TSA were aggregated when raw numbers were available. Statistical significance for comparisons among outpatient and inpatient TSA within individual studies was alpha = 0.05.

Results:
Ten studies evaluated same-day discharge rate, with 440 of 446 patients (98.7%) meeting the goals. Fourteen studies evaluated readmissions, revision surgeries, and complications, with readmissions in 238 of 6,133 patients (3.9%), revision surgeries in 32 of 1,484 patients (2.1%), and complications in 376 of 4,977 patients (7.6%). Readmission rates were similar between inpatients and outpatients, with only one study finding more readmissions after inpatient TSA. Complications were more common in inpatient TSA in five studies. Outpatient TSA demonstrated a charge reduction of $25,509 to $53,202 per patient, and patient satisfaction after outpatient TSA was “good to excellent” in more than 95% of patients. Patient selection for outpatient TSA used patient age, medical comorbidities, social support, living proximity to location of surgery, and lack of preoperative opioid use.

Discussion:
Outpatient TSA in appropriately selected patients is a safe and cost-effective alternative to inpatient TSA. However, the literature is limited to national database or small retrospective studies. Large prospective, cohort studies are necessary to further assess differences in complication profiles between outpatient and inpatient TSA.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV; systematic review
Penggunaan Objek Sejarah Dompu Sebagai Sumber Belajar di SMA Negeri 2 Woja
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati , Khatimah Husnul 
Published: October 2021

Objek sejarah lokal dalam penelitian yang dilakukan belakangan ini menjadi tren baru dalam pengembangan materi ajar dalam pembelajaran sejarah, khususnya Sejarah Bima- Dompu yang tidak banyak terekspos dalam buku ajar seperti sejarah Jawa dan beberapa wilayah Indonesia lainya. Pengenalan Objek sejarah local diharapkan akan memberikan warna baru dalam wawasan siswa terkait dengan pembelajaran sejarah sehingga siswa akan lebih dekat dan tentunya lebih mampu memahami terkait dengan pembelajaran sejarah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan Objek sejarah Dompu sebagai sumber pembelajaran Sejarah. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Adapun hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah diketahui nilai yang diperoleh oleh kelas kontrol rata-rata 43,8 pada Pretest dan 44,8 pada nilai post test sementara untuk kelas Eksperimen diperoleh nilai rata rata pretest 52 dan post test 73,6, sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan objek sejarah Dompu sebagai sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran sejarah bisa meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di SMA N 02 Woja Dompu.
Proyecto de vida y su relación con valores, auto-concepto y apoyo social percibido en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Vargas Rebeca 
Published: October 2021

La siguiente investigación fue realizada con el fin de conocer cuáles factores se encuentran relacionados con el grado de claridad que poseen los adolescentes de décimo año con respecto a su Proyecto de Vida. Para esto se realizó un estudio cuantitativo no experimental con una población total (N=120) de estudiantes de décimo año de dos Colegios ubicados en Heredia; el Colegio Manuel Benavides y el Colegio Bilingüe Santa Inés, una institución pública y privada respectivamente. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un instrumento de medición tipo Likert y se evaluaron las escalas de Proyecto de Vida (α: .71), Valores (α: .78), Autoconcepto (α: .72) y Apoyo Social Percibido (α: .93).
Los resultados comprueban que sí existe una relación positiva con todas las variables estudiadas y la variable Proyecto de Vida: Valores (r= .41; p<.001), Autoconcepto (r= .37; p<.001), Apoyo Social (r= .26; p=.005). Además se obtiene como mayor predictor el Autoconcepto (β. 250 p=.005) seguido por la variable Valores (β.243 p=.009) y por último el Sexo (β. 225 p=.009). Sin embargo no se encuentra relación entre el Proyecto de Vida y el tipo de institución a la que asistan los adolescentes.
Motivasi Kerja dalam Organisasi Pendidikan
Authors: Wahyuni Anisa , Fatimah Elva Siti , Arifin Bambang Samsul 
Published: October 2021

In fact, a person's attitude is determined by his desire to achieve a goal. Another term of will is motivation. Motivation is the motivation for a person to carry out activities to achieve his goals. The power of motivation for a person can change at any time. The change occurs because of satisfaction with the needs. Such satisfied needs have motivated one's attitude. Motivation is needed because with this motivation it is expected that everyone can work hard and be eager to achieve high work productivity. Instilling motivation is basically instilling values. Therefore, communication and continuous coaching are key, with the motivation of work in performing tasks can optimize the achievement of processes that run easily, orderly, and conducive in achieving goals. With increased motivation, it can help employees behave and behave with responsibility. These motivations need to be developed to improve work achievement and job satisfaction which will ultimately increase the productivity of organizations in the field of education, namely the quality of schools as educational institutions.
Th. W. Adorno: filosofía frente a la catástrofe
Authors: Zamora Jose A. 
Published: October 2021

El pensamiento de Th. W. Adorno y su contribución a la teoría crítica de la sociedad tiene su núcleo central en la confrontación con la barbarie y en la reflexión teórica sobre las condiciones sociales que la hacen posible. 50 años después de su muerte su propuesta de crítica radical sigue dando que pensar y ofreciendo claves con las que enfrentarse a la crisis del presente.
The thought of Th. W. Adorno and his contribution to the critical theory of society has its central nucleus in the confrontation with barbarism and in the theoretical reflection on the social conditions that make it possible. Fifty years after his death, his proposal of a radical critique continues giving to think and keys with which to confront the crisis of the present.
El Estado y la nación en la era tecnológica
Authors: Gurrutxaga Abad Ander 
Published: October 2021

En la actualidad, el momento histórico por el que atraviesa el Estado-Nación hay que entenderlo tomando en consideración los efectos combinados del proceso de globalización y el cambio tecnológico que tiene hoy su máximo exponente en lo que se ha llegado a denominar como la 4ª Revolución Industrial, junto al cansancio del Leviatán, provocado por la actividad irregular de más de tres siglos en los países del Centro Occidental. Mi tesis es que no se visualiza el final de los discursos nacionales ni la crisis de los referentes de la tradición estatal sino la configuración del poder político donde lo macro -grandes regiones políticas, organismos internacionales, corporaciones multinacionales-; lo meso (regiones y movimientos productos de la descentralización del poder político estatal o la contestación interna al centro político “incuestionable”); y lo micro poderes -regiones y nacionalidades “periféricas”- pugnan por la construcción de la geometría variable que presenta al poder político del Estado enclavado en múltiples redes que discurren por instituciones de países y regiones interdependientes.
At the moment, the historical period that the Nation-State is living must be understood taking into account the combined effects of the globalization process and the rapid technological change, that today has its greatest exponent in what has come to be called the 4th Industrial Revoluction, together with the the Fatigue of Leviathan, caused by the irregular activity of more than three centuries in the Western countries. The main argument is that we are not whitnessing the end of national discourses, nor the crisis of the traditional institutions of the State, but the configuration of a new distribution of political power. This new configuration is characterized by new correlations between the institutional forces at the macro level –large political regions, international organzation, multinational corporations–, the regionalization process at the meso level –the increasing relevance of regions resulting of the decentralization of the political and economical power of the State–, and the movements at the micro level –pheripheral regions and nationalities–. The result is a variable geometry that show us that the political power of the State is now embedded in a amplified network of institutions that are defining the capabilities of political action.
Estimation and Investigation of Mean and Most Probable Velocities of Tropospheric Gases over Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Akpootu D. O. , Ohaji D. E. , Nouhou I. , Iliyasu M. I. , Abubakar M. B. , Aina A. O. , Idris M. , Mustapha W. 
Published: October 2021

In this study, the monthly average minimum and maximum temperature meteorological data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) during the period of thirty eight years (1979 – 2016) were used to estimate the mean velocity and most probable velocity of atomic Oxygen and Hydrogen for Ilorin. The values of the mean velocity and most probable velocity for these atoms were compared to the value of escape velocity. The results revealed that the highest values of mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Oxygen were found to be in the month of March with and respectively and the highest values of mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Hydrogen were found to be in the month of March with and respectively. Based on the values of the mean velocity and most probable velocity for atomic Oxygen and Hydrogen obtained during the studied period suggests that these atoms cannot escape the gravitational field as their values are less than the escape velocity .
Bisphenol a Exposure Causes Increased Oxidation of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and Its Abduct in Rats
Authors: E. Oguazu Chinenye , C. Ezeonu Francis , C. Dike Charles , G. Ikimi Charles 
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Living organisms are exposed to oxidant agents constantly from both endogenous and exogenous sources. One of such oxidant agent is Bisphenol A (BPA) and its exposure is capable to modify biomolecules and induce damages. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a contaminant with increasing exposure. It exerts toxic effects on cells. This study investigates the possibility of BPA exposure on Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) perturbations at prevailing low exposure doses in female albino Wistar rats, following exposure for the period of three (3) month. Materials and Methods: Total 12 groups were formed; out of which 11 experimental groups, each containing 10non-pregnant female rats were administered; 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1 mg of BPA/kgbw/day. To the 12th control group was given water. Blood was collected from animals at the end of every week of the study and serum sample specimens analyzed by routine diagnostic procedures for oxidized LDL such as malondialdehyde modified- LDL (MDA-LDL), oxidized phospholipids LDL (OX-PL LDL), N (epsilon) (carboxymethyl) lysine-modified-LDL (CML LDL) and 4-hydroxynonenal-LDL (HNE-LDL) using Autochemical Analyzer.
Results: Significantly increased concentrations of serum oxidized LDL such as MDA-LDL, OX-PL LDL, CML LDL and HNE-LDL were observed at all concentrations of BPA exposure.
Conclusion: Bisphenol A alters oxidized LDL such as MDA-LDL, OX-PL LDL, CML LDL and HNE-LDL balance and causes disturbance of internal oxidative statues.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of the Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus Ostreatus on Serum Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices of HS-HFD-STZ Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Okoroh P. N. , Onuoha Sam , Uwakwe A. A. , Ukegbu C. Y. 
Published: October 2021

The effect of ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus on serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices of high sucrose high fat diet streptozotocin (HS-HFD-STZ) induced diabetic rats was determined by standard methods. All the groups were fed high sucrose-high fat diet except the normal group. The Metformin HCl and ethanol extract was given once daily by gavage to the reference and experimental groups respectively at doses of 150mg/Kg b.w., 50mg/Kg b.w, 150mg/Kg b.w. and 300mg/Kg b.w. respectively while the normal control received saline solution. The HDL-cholesterol level was higher than the value of the disease group after 6 weeks of administration of extract at 300mg/kg and after 9 weeks administration of extract at 150mg/kg. HDL cholesterol concentration increased by 22.2% after 6 weeks of extract administration at 300mg/kg and by 16.7% and 28.3% respectively after 9 weeks of extract administration at 150mg/kg and 50mg/kg respectively, indicating that the POE extract has the capacity to reduce cardiovascular diseases. At all the doses of extract administered for treatment at 3 weeks, 6 weeks and 9 weeks intervals, there was dose and time dependent lowering of LDL: HDL ratio even below the recommended risk limit of ≤ 2.5 compared to the test control with value above 2.5. After 3 weeks of treatment with extract at administration concentration level of 150mg/kg, atherogenic indices were lowered and extract levels of 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg reduced atherogenic index value after 6 weeks of administration while after 9 weeks of treatment, extract at 150mg/kg concentration reduced atherogenic indices. The atherogenic indices of the diabetic animals under treatment were dose-and time dependently reduced by POE treatment as observed in this study.These results suggest a possible use of the extracts in the management of hyperlipidemic conditions, hypertension and associated complications.