bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain-selective thermal decomposition within supramolecular nanoribbons
Authors: Cho Yukio , Christoff-Tempesta Ty , Kim Dae-Yoon , Lamour Guillaume , Ortony Julia H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelf-assembly of small molecules in water provides a powerful route to nanostructures with pristine molecular organization and small dimensions (<10 nm). Such assemblies represent emerging high surface area nanomaterials, customizable for biomedical and energy applications. However, to exploit self-assembly, the constituent molecules must be sufficiently amphiphilic and satisfy prescribed packing criteria, dramatically limiting the range of surface chemistries achievable. Here, we design supramolecular nanoribbons that contain: (1) inert and stable internal domains, and (2) sacrificial surface groups that are thermally labile, and we demonstrate complete thermal decomposition of the nanoribbon surfaces. After heating, the remainder of each constituent molecule is kinetically trapped, nanoribbon morphology and internal organization are maintained, and the nanoribbons are fully hydrophobic. This approach represents a pathway to form nanostructures that circumvent amphiphilicity and packing parameter constraints and generates structures that are not achievable by self-assembly alone, nor top-down approaches, broadening the utility of molecular nanomaterials for new targets.
Unveiling the three-dimensional magnetic texture of skyrmion tubes
Authors: Wolf Daniel , Schneider Sebastian , Rößler Ulrich K. , Kovács András , Schmidt Marcus , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Büchner Bernd , Rellinghaus Bernd , Lubk Axel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are stable topological solitons with complex non-coplanar spin structures. Their nanoscopic size and the low electric currents required to control their motion has opened a new field of research, skyrmionics, that aims for the usage of skyrmions as information carriers. Further advances in skyrmionics call for a thorough understanding of their three-dimensional (3D) spin texture, skyrmion–skyrmion interactions and the coupling to surfaces and interfaces, which crucially affect skyrmion stability and mobility. Here, we quantitatively reconstruct the 3D magnetic texture of Bloch skyrmions with sub-10-nanometre resolution using holographic vector-field electron tomography. The reconstructed textures reveal local deviations from a homogeneous Bloch character within the skyrmion tubes, details of the collapse of the skyrmion texture at surfaces and a correlated modulation of the skyrmion tubes in FeGe along their tube axes. Additionally, we confirm the fundamental principles of skyrmion formation through an evaluation of the 3D magnetic energy density across these magnetic solitons.
Influence of a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium on the flow of a radiative magnetized rotating hybrid nanofluid over a shrinking surface
Authors: Dero Sumera , Shaikh Hisamuddin , Talpur Ghulam Hyder , Khan Ilyas , Alharbim Sayer O. , Andualem Mulugeta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the heat transfer properties in the three-dimensional (3D) magnetized with the Darcy-Forchheimer flow over a shrinking surface of the $$Cu + Al_{2} O_{3} /$$

C
u
+
A

l
2

O
3

/

water hybrid nanofluid with radiation effect were studied. Valid linear similarity variables convert the partial differential equations (PDEs) into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). With the help of the shootlib function in the Maple software, the generalized model in the form of ODEs is numerically solved by the shooting method. Shooting method can produce non-unique solutions when correct initial assumptions are suggested. The findings are found to have two solutions, thereby contributing to the introduction of a stability analysis that validates the attainability of first solution. Stability analysis is performed by employing if bvp4c method in MATLAB software. The results show limitless values of dual solutions at many calculated parameters allowing the turning points and essential values to not exist. Results reveal that the presence of dual solutions relies on the values of the porosity, coefficient of inertia, magnetic, and suction parameters for the specific values of the other applied parameters. Moreover, it has been noted that dual solutions exist in the ranges of $$F_{s} \le F_{sc}$$

F
s

≤

F

sc

, $$M \ge M_{C}$$

M
≥

M
C

,$$S \ge S_{C} ,$$

S
≥

S
C

,

and $$K_{C} \le K$$

K
C

≤
K

whereas no solution exists in the ranges of $$F_{s} > F_{sc}$$

F
s

>

F

sc

, $$M < M_{c}$$

M
<

M
c

, $$S < S_{c}$$

S
<

S
c

, and $$K_{C} > K$$

K
C

>
K

. Further, a reduction in the rate of heat transfer is noticed with a rise in the parameter of the copper solid volume fraction.
Scaling the U-net: segmentation of biodegradable bone implants in high-resolution synchrotron radiation microtomograms
Authors: Baltruschat Ivo M. , Ćwieka Hanna , Krüger Diana , Zeller-Plumhoff Berit , Schlünzen Frank , Willumeit-Römer Regine , Moosmann Julian , Heuser Philipp 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHighly accurate segmentation of large 3D volumes is a demanding task. Challenging applications like the segmentation of synchrotron radiation microtomograms (SRμCT) at high-resolution, which suffer from low contrast, high spatial variability and measurement artifacts, readily exceed the capacities of conventional segmentation methods, including the manual segmentation by human experts. The quantitative characterization of the osseointegration and spatio-temporal biodegradation process of bone implants requires reliable, and very precise segmentation. We investigated the scaling of 2D U-net for high resolution grayscale volumes by three crucial model hyper-parameters (i.e., the model width, depth, and input size). To leverage the 3D information of high-resolution SRμCT, common three axes prediction fusing is extended, investigating the effect of adding more than three axes prediction. In a systematic evaluation we compare the performance of scaling the U-net by intersection over union (IoU) and quantitative measurements of osseointegration and degradation parameters. Overall, we observe that a compound scaling of the U-net and multi-axes prediction fusing with soft voting yields the highest IoU for the class “degradation layer”. Finally, the quantitative analysis showed that the parameters calculated with model segmentation deviated less from the high quality results than those obtained by a semi-automatic segmentation method.
Pan-cancer classification by regularized multi-task learning
Authors: Hossain Sk Md Mosaddek , Khatun Lutfunnesa , Ray Sumanta , Mukhopadhyay Anirban 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClassifying pan-cancer samples using gene expression patterns is a crucial challenge for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Machine learning algorithms have been considered proven tools to perform downstream analysis and capture the deviations in gene expression patterns across diversified diseases. In our present work, we have developed PC-RMTL, a pan-cancer classification model using regularized multi-task learning (RMTL) for classifying 21 cancer types and adjacent normal samples using RNASeq data obtained from TCGA. PC-RMTL is observed to outperform when compared with five state-of-the-art classification algorithms, viz. SVM with the linear kernel (SVM-Lin), SVM with radial basis function kernel (SVM-RBF), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbours (kNN), and decision trees (DT). The PC-RMTL achieves 96.07% accuracy and 95.80% MCC score for a completely unknown independent test set. The only method that appears as the real competitor is SVM-Lin, which nearly equalizes the accuracy in prediction of PC-RMTL but only when complete feature sets are provided for training; otherwise, PC-RMTL outperformed all other classification models. To the best of our knowledge, this is a significant improvement over all the existing works in pan-cancer classification as they have failed to classify many cancer types from one another reliably. We have also compared gene expression patterns of the top discriminating genes across the cancers and performed their functional enrichment analysis that uncovers several interesting facts in distinguishing pan-cancer samples.
Forming mechanism of equilibrium and non-equilibrium metallurgical phases in dissimilar aluminum/steel (Al–Fe) joints
Authors: Shang Shun-Li , Sun Hui , Pan Bo , Wang Yi , Krajewski Adam M. , Banu Mihaela , Li Jingjing , Liu Zi-Kui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractForming metallurgical phases has a critical impact on the performance of dissimilar materials joints. Here, we shed light on the forming mechanism of equilibrium and non-equilibrium intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in dissimilar aluminum/steel joints with respect to processing history (e.g., the pressure and temperature profiles) and chemical composition, where the knowledge of free energy and atomic diffusion in the Al–Fe system was taken from first-principles phonon calculations and data available in the literature. We found that the metastable and ductile (judged by the presently predicted elastic constants) Al6Fe is a pressure (P) favored IMC observed in processes involving high pressures. The MoSi2-type Al2Fe is brittle and a strong P-favored IMC observed at high pressures. The stable, brittle η-Al5Fe2 is the most observed IMC (followed by θ-Al13Fe4) in almost all processes, such as fusion/solid-state welding and additive manufacturing (AM), since η-Al5Fe2 is temperature-favored, possessing high thermodynamic driving force of formation and the fastest atomic diffusivity among all Al–Fe IMCs. Notably, the ductile AlFe3, the less ductile AlFe, and most of the other IMCs can be formed during AM, making AM a superior process to achieve desired IMCs in dissimilar materials. In addition, the unknown configurations of Al2Fe and Al5Fe2 were also examined by machine learning based datamining together with first-principles verifications and structure predictions. All the IMCs that are not P-favored can be identified using the conventional equilibrium phase diagram and the Scheil-Gulliver non-equilibrium simulations.
Surgical treatment of valve endocarditis in high-risk patients and predictors of long-term outcomes
Authors: Nasso Giuseppe , Santarpino Giuseppe , Moscarelli Marco , Condello Ignazio , Dell’Aquila Angelo Maria , Peivandi Armin Darius , Gaudino Mario , Fiore Flavio , Mastroroberto Pasquale , Di Bari Nicola , Speziale Giuseppe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfective endocarditis represents a surgical challenge associated with perioperative mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictors of operative mortality and long-term outcomes in high-risk patients. We retrospectively analyzed 123 patients operated on for infective endocarditis from January 2011 to December 2020. Logistic regression model was used to identify prognostic factors of in-hospital mortality. Long term follow-up was made to asses late prognosis. Preoperative renal failure, an elevation EuroSCORE II and prior aortic valve re-replacement were found to be preoperative risk factors significantly associated with mortality. In-hospital mortality was 27% in patients who had previously undergone aortic valve replacement (n = 4 out of 15 operated, p = 0.01). Patients who were operated on during the active phase of infective endocarditis showed a higher mortality rate than those operated on after the acute phase (16% vs. 0%; p = 0.02). The type of prosthesis used (biological or mechanical) was not associated with mortality, whereas cross-clamp time significantly correlated with mortality (mean cross-clamp time 135 ± 65 min in dead patients vs. 76 ± 32 min in surviving patients; p = 0.0005). Mean follow up was 57.94 ± 30.9 months. Twelve patients died (11.65%). Among the twelve mortalities, five were adjudicated to cardiac causes and seven were non-cardiac (two cancers, one traumatic accident, one cerebral hemorrhage, two bronchopneumonia, one peritonitis). Overall survival probability (freedom from death, all causes) at 3, 5, 7 and 8 years was 98.9% (95% CI 97–100%), 96% (95% CI 92–100%), 85.9% (95% CI 76–97%), and 74% (95% CI 60–91%) respectively. Our study demonstrates that an early surgical approach may represent a valuable treatment option for high-risk patients with infective endocarditis, also in case of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Although several risk factors are associated with higher mortality, no patient subset is inoperable. These findings can be helpful to inform decision-making in heart team discussion.
GuPPy, a Python toolbox for the analysis of fiber photometry data
Authors: Sherathiya Venus N. , Schaid Michael D. , Seiler Jillian L. , Lopez Gabriela C. , Lerner Talia N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFiber photometry (FP) is an adaptable method for recording in vivo neural activity in freely behaving animals. It has become a popular tool in neuroscience due to its ease of use, low cost, the ability to combine FP with freely moving behavior, among other advantages. However, analysis of FP data can be challenging for new users, especially those with a limited programming background. Here, we present Guided Photometry Analysis in Python (GuPPy), a free and open-source FP analysis tool. GuPPy is designed to operate across computing platforms and can accept data from a variety of FP data acquisition systems. The program presents users with a set of graphic user interfaces (GUIs) to load data and provide input parameters. Graphs are produced that can be easily exported for integration into scientific figures. As an open-source tool, GuPPy can be modified by users with knowledge of Python to fit their specific needs.
Transcriptomic profiling and pathway analysis of cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells following ionizing radiation exposure
Authors: Bouten Roxane M. , Dalgard Clifton L. , Soltis Anthony R. , Slaven John E. , Day Regina M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe vascular system is sensitive to radiation injury, and vascular damage is believed to play a key role in delayed tissue injury such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the response of endothelial cells to radiation is not completely understood. We examined the response of primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) to 10 Gy (1.15 Gy/min) X-irradiation. HLMVEC underwent senescence (80–85%) with no significant necrosis or apoptosis. Targeted RT-qPCR showed increased expression of genes CDKN1A and MDM2 (10–120 min). Western blotting showed upregulation of p2/waf1, MDM2, ATM, and Akt phosphorylation (15 min–72 h). Low levels of apoptosis at 24–72 h were identified using nuclear morphology. To identify novel pathway regulation, RNA-seq was performed on mRNA using time points from 2 to 24 h post-irradiation. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed increased cell cycle inhibition, DNA damage response, pro- and anti- apoptosis, and pro-senescence gene expression. Based on published literature on inflammation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) pathway genes, we identified increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and EndMT-associated genes by 24 h. Together our data reveal a time course of integrated gene expression and protein activation leading from early DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest to senescence, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Experimental investigation on n-butanol/methyl oleate dual fuel RCCI combustion in a single cylinder engine at high-load condition
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Qian , Liu Fangjie , Jin Yifan , Li Xin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines have a high thermal efficiency as well as low emissions of soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, there is a conflict between combustion stability and harmful emissions at high engine load. Therefore, this work presented a novel approach for regulating n-butanol/methyl oleate dual fuel RCCI at high engine load in attaining lower pollutant emissions while maintaining stable combustion and avoiding excessive in-cylinder pressure. The tests were conducted on a single cylinder engine under rated speed and 90% full load. In this study, n-butanol was selected as a low-reactivity fuel for port injection, and n-butanol/methyl oleate blended fuel was used for in-cylinder direct injection. Combustion and emission characteristics of the engine were first investigated with varied ratios of n-butanol port injection (PFI) and direct injection (DI). Results showed that as the ratio of n-butanol PFI and DI rose, the peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate increased, while NOx and soot emissions reduced, and carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions increased under most test conditions. When RNBPI = 40% and RNBDI = 20%, the soot and NOx emissions of the engine were near the lowest values of all test conditions, yet the peak in-cylinder pressure and fuel consumption could not increase significantly. Therefore, the possibility of optimizing the combustion process and lowering emissions by adjusting the pilot injection strategy was investigated utilizing these fuel injection ratios. The results revealed that with an appropriate pilot injection ratio and interval, the peak in-cylinder pressure and NOx emission were definitely reduced, while soot, CO, and HC emissions did not significantly increase.
Design and development of a multi-functional bi-anisotropic metasurface with ultra-wide out of band transmission
Authors: Ahmed Fahad , Tamoor Tania , Hassan Tayyab , Shoaib Nosherwan , Alomainy Akram , Abbasi Qammer H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a multi-functional bi-anisotropic metasurface having ultra-wide out of band transmission characteristics. The proposed metasurface is comprised of 90° rotated T-shaped configuration yielding greater than or equal to 50% out-of-band transmission from above L- to X-band. Moreover, this metasurface achieves a maximum of 99% out-of-band transmission at lower frequency bands (i.e., L-band). The simultaneous absorptive and controlled reflection functionalities are achieved at 15.028 to 15.164 GHz along with polarization-insensitive and angular stable properties. The proposed metasurface yields state-of-the-art features compared to already published papers and has broader scope for Fabry Perot cavity, Radar cross-section (RCS) reduction, electromagnetic compatibility and interference (EMC/I) shielding, selective multi-frequency bolometers, ultrathin wave trapping filters, sensors and beam-splitters in the microwave domain.
The associations between infertility-related stress, family adaptability and family cohesion in infertile couples
Authors: Lei Anjiang , You Huaxuan , Luo Biru , Ren Jianhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo explore the association between infertility-related stress, family adaptability and family cohesion in infertile couples and the determinants of infertility-related stress in infertile couples. Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACESII-CV) were used to measure the infertility-related stress and family adaptability and cohesion of infertile couples. T-test, ANOVA and multiple comparisons (LSD) were conducted to compare the FPI scores of different demographic characteristics subgroups. Stepwise multivariate linear regression was used to explore the determinants of infertility-related stress. Women had greater global stress than men (P < 0.001). Women scored higher on desired family adaptability, cohesion dissatisfaction and adaptive dissatisfaction than men (P = 0.039, P = 0.036, P = 0.008). FPI scores were higher in men and women who lived in rural (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Family cohesion and education level was negatively correlated with infertility-related stress in men. Family adaptability and education level was negatively correlated with infertility-related stress in women. Healthcare providers should pay more attention and give more support to infertile couples who lived in rural or with low education level, and provide easier medical accessing for them. Moreover, healthcare providers should value more the family function and family support in intervention of reducing infertility-related stress.
Accelerated mass loss of Himalayan glaciers since the Little Ice Age
Authors: Lee Ethan , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Quincey Duncan J. , Cook Simon J. , James William H. M. , Brown Lee E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHimalayan glaciers are undergoing rapid mass loss but rates of contemporary change lack long-term (centennial-scale) context. Here, we reconstruct the extent and surfaces of 14,798 Himalayan glaciers during the Little Ice Age (LIA), 400 to 700 years ago. We show that they have lost at least 40 % of their LIA area and between 390 and 586 km3 of ice; 0.92 to 1.38 mm Sea Level Equivalent. The long-term rate of ice mass loss since the LIA has been between − 0.011 and − 0.020 m w.e./year, which is an order of magnitude lower than contemporary rates reported in the literature. Rates of mass loss depend on monsoon influence and orographic effects, with the fastest losses measured in East Nepal and in Bhutan north of the main divide. Locally, rates of loss were enhanced with the presence of surface debris cover (by 2 times vs clean-ice) and/or a proglacial lake (by 2.5 times vs land-terminating). The ten-fold acceleration in ice loss we have observed across the Himalaya far exceeds any centennial-scale rates of change that have been recorded elsewhere in the world.
Corneal Scheimpflug topography values to distinguish between normal eyes, ocular allergy, and keratoconus in children
Authors: Vieira Matheus Ivan Schmitz , Jammal Alessandro Adad , Arieta Carlos Eduardo Leite , Alves Monica , de Vasconcellos Jose Paulo Cabral 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo identify and compare keratometric, corneal thickness, and elevation parameters and indices among healthy children, ocular allergy, and keratoconus using the OCULUS Pentacam Scheimpflug topography system. This study included healthy children, children with ocular allergy (OA) without keratoconus, and children with keratoconus (KC). The study design consisted of a prospective evaluation and review of medical records from a Brazilian ophthalmology department. The exclusion criteria were inability to undergo the ocular exam, other ocular diseases, contact lens wear, and topographic corneal ectasia. The effect of each corneal parameter was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex and age, and ROC curves were used to assess the ability each variable to discriminate among groups. A total of 182 subjects were included: healthy children (n = 99), children with OA (n = 32), and children with KC (n = 51). Groups differed in terms of sex, with more males in the OA group (73.2%) and the KC group (67.7%) than in the control group (40.9%). All corneal parameters studied differed significantly between the control and KC groups, and between the OA and KC groups; they also differed significantly between the three groups in terms of astigmatism, q-value, CCT, TP, BAD-D, and ARTmax values. We present the first study to describe and compare corneal tomographic parameters in healthy children, OA, and KC. Keratometry indices, ACD, ARTmax, AETP, and PETP were found to be the most useful for differentiating between healthy and KC children.IBR registry number: CAAE 54921916.9.0000.5404.
Hierarchically porous activated carbons prepared via a dissipative process: a high-capacity cathode for Li-ion capacitors
Authors: Cao Qi , Ning Guoqing , Yang Fan , Wang Ye , Li Bofeng , Ma Xinlong 
Published: December 2021

Hierarchically porous activated carbons (PACs) are synthesized by a tableting-activation method. As a cathode for LICs, the optimal PACs exhibit an ultrahigh specific capacity of 251 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and still retain 158 mA h g−1 at 15 A g−1.