bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound-location specific alpha power modulation in the visual cortex in absence of visual input
Authors: Popov Tzvetan , Langer Nicolas , Gips Bart , Weisz Nathan , Jensen Ole 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe existence of a cortical “attentional filter” in the form of spatially selective modulation of alpha power (8-14 Hz) is a dominating hypothesis in electrophysiological studies. During auditory spatial attention hemipsheric lateralized posterior alpha modulations have been reported leading to the generalization of this hypothesis. Typically, this pattern is interpreted as reflecting a top-down endogenous mechanism for suppressing distracting input from unattended directions of sound origin. The present study on auditory spatial attention rejects this interpretation by demonstrating that alpha power modulation is closely linked to oculomotor action. Towards this end, we designed an auditory paradigm in which participants were required to attend to upcoming sounds from one of 24 loudspeakers arranged in a horizontal circular array around the head. Maintaining the location of an auditory cue was associated with a topographically modulated distribution of posterior alpha power resembling the findings known from visual attention. Multivariate analyses allowed the prediction of the sound location in the horizontal plane. Importantly, this prediction was also possible, when derived from signals capturing saccadic activity. Using eye tracking, two control experiments on visual (N=122) and auditory (N=10) spatial working memory confirmed that, in absence of any visual/auditory input, lateralization of alpha power is linked to lateralized gaze direction (± 3° visual angle). Attending to an auditory stimulus engages oculomotor and visual circuits in a topographic manner akin to the retinotopic organization in vision. We conclude that allocation of spatial attention is not sufficient to account for alpha lateralization without consideration of gaze control.
Epigenetic inheritance mediates phenotypic diversity in natural populations
Authors: Shahzad Zaigham , Moore Jonathan D. , Choi Jaemyung , Cassin-Ross Gaëlle , Rouached Hatem , Zilberman Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic variation is regarded as a prerequisite for evolution. In principle, epigenetic information inherited independently of DNA sequence can also enable evolution, but whether this occurs in natural populations is unknown. Here we show that natural epigenetic DNA methylation polymorphism inArabidopsis thalianagene bodies regulates gene expression and influences the variation of complex traits: fitness under heat and drought, flowering time, and accumulation of diverse minerals. The phenotypic effects of DNA methylation and local DNA sequence polymorphism are comparable, but they operate through largely distinct gene sets. Our epigenetic association analyses directly identify the relevant gene more frequently than genetic associations, likely due to reduced linkage disequilibrium. We identify numerous associations between methylation epialleles and diverse environmental conditions in native habitats, suggesting that intragenic methylation facilitates adaptation to fluctuating environments. Overall, our results demonstrate that epigenetic methylation variation fundamentally shapes phenotypic diversity in natural populations.
The strategy of Islamic economic colleges to prepare their graduates to work in Islamic banks
Authors: Zakiy Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

PurposeAcademic achievement is not a determinant of college graduates' work readiness, but it requires adequate knowledge and skills to be accepted to work in companies. The purpose of this study is to describe the phenomenon of recruitment in Islamic banking, the obstacles faced by applicants and recommendations for Islamic economics universities to adjust their curriculum to the needs of the labor market so that the absorption of alumni from Islamic economic universities can be maximized.Design/methodology/approachThe informants of this research were the study program management, lecturers of Islamic economic, students, student organizations, graduates, Islamic banking management and Islamic bank customers with purposive and snowball sampling techniques through FGDs and deep interviews. The research data were analyzed by data reduction, content analysis and drawing conclusions. In addition, researchers also used triangulation methods and in-depth observations to find the validity of the data by being directly involved in the FGD discussion.FindingsThe results of this study answered the problem regarding the low absorption of alumni from Islamic economic institutions which consisted of individual internal factors, university environmental factors and university external environmental factors.Originality/valueResearchers succeeded in providing information on strategies for increasing competency of Sharia economics graduates by optimizing the role of academic advisors, increasing hard skills and soft skills and synchronizing programs and curricula implemented by Islamic economics colleges and Islamic banks.
Research on target recognition and mobile job control of humanoid robot based on KM34Z256 for industrial applications
Authors: Wang Dunhai , Sharma Amit 
Published: March 2021

PurposeHumanoid robot has similar shape and action characteristics as humans, and it can complete some basic tasks instead of humans without changing the human environment, which makes humanoid robot become the best structure and help form for robot to provide services for human beings.Design/methodology/approachThe mobile operation control of humanoid robot is generated by the walking movement of humanoid robot's feet, and the robot's hand and arm complete grasping and other operations together.FindingsOn the basis of humanoid robot, the integrated system of software and hardware based on the KM34Z256 humanoid robot is described first, and a series of kinematics discussion on its mobile operation is carried out.Originality/valueThe research based on this project shows that the target recognition and positioning method is not only accurate and of high energy but also can realize the mobile operation of humanoid robot.
Exploring digital servitization trajectories within product–service–software space
Authors: Hsuan Juliana , Jovanovic Marin , Clemente Diego Honorato 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study shows various pathways manufacturers can take when embarking on digital servitization (DS) journeys. It builds on the DS and modularity literature to map the strategic trajectories of product–service–software (PSSw) configurations.Design/methodology/approachThe study is exploratory and based on the inductive theory building method. The empirical data were gathered through a workshop with focus groups of 15 servitization manufacturers (with 22 respondents), an on-site workshop (in-depth case study), semi-structured interviews, observations and document study of archival data.FindingsThe DS trajectories are idiosyncratic and dependent on design architectures of PSSw modules, balancing choices between standardization and innovation. The adoption of software systems depends on the maturity of the industry-specific digital ecosystem. Decomposition and integration of PSSw modules facilitate DS transition through business model modularity. Seven testable propositions are presented.Research limitations/implicationsWith the small sample size from different industries and one in-depth case study, generalizing the findings was not possible.Practical implicationsThe mapping exercise is powerful when top management from different functional departments can participate together to share their expertise and achieve consensus. It logs the “states” that the manufacturer undergoes over time.Originality/valueThe Digital Servitization Cube serves as a conceptual framework for manufacturers to systematically map and categorize their current and future PSSw strategies. It bridges the cross-disciplinary theoretical discussion in DS.
Exploring the intellectual cores of the blockchain–Internet of Things (BIoT)
Authors: Tsang Y.P. , Wu C.H. , Ip W.H. , Shiau Wen-Lung 
Published: March 2021

PurposeDue to the rapid growth of blockchain technology in recent years, the fusion of blockchain and the Internet of Things (BIoT) has drawn considerable attention from researchers and industrial practitioners and is regarded as a future trend in technological development. Although several authors have conducted literature reviews on the topic, none have examined the development of the knowledge structure of BIoT, resulting in scattered research and development (R&D) efforts.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the intellectual core of BIoT through a co-citation proximity analysis–based systematic review (CPASR) of the correlations between 44 highly influential articles out of 473 relevant research studies. Subsequently, we apply a series of statistical analyses, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), k-means clustering (KMC) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) to establish the intellectual core.FindingsOur findings indicate that there are nine categories in the intellectual core of BIoT: (1) data privacy and security for BIoT systems, (2) models and applications of BIoT, (3) system security theories for BIoT, (4) frameworks for BIoT deployment, (5) the fusion of BIoT with emerging methods and technologies, (6) applied security strategies for using blockchain with the IoT, (7) the design and development of industrial BIoT, (8) establishing trust through BIoT and (9) the BIoT ecosystem.Originality/valueWe use the CPASR method to examine the intellectual core of BIoT, which is an under-researched and topical area. The paper also provides a structural framework for investigating BIoT research that may be applicable to other knowledge domains.
Quit rates and predictors of smoking abstinence in Thai Buddhist monks with noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Laochai Wiwat , Preechawong Sunida 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to calculate the smoking quit rate and to examine the factors influencing smoking abstinence among Thai Buddhist monks with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross-sectional study of 136 Buddhist monks with NCDs purposively sampled from the Priest Hospital. The participants were between 20 and 59 years of age, smoked at least one cigarette a day and received cessation advice from nurses or other health professionals. The dependent variable was self-reported 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence assessment at a three-month follow-up. Independent variables were age, schooling level, nicotine dependence, intention to quit, physical activity and perceived self-efficacy in quitting cessation. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the factors influencing smoking cessation.Findings50 of the 136 Thai Buddhist monks (36.8%) reported the 7-day point prevalence abstinence at a three-month follow-up. About two-thirds of the participants indicated health concern as the motivation to quit smoking. Perceived self-efficacy of abstinence (odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.014–1.074) and intention to quit smoking (odds ratio 1.34; 95% confidence interval 1.129–1.599) were significant predictors of abstinence.Originality/valueThis is the first study of its kind to investigate the predictors of smoking cessation in Thai Buddhist monks with NCDs. The findings will be of help to healthcare counselors seeking to motivate monks to quit smoking.
Everyone must help: performance implications of CEO and top management team human capital and corporate political activity
Authors: Harris Christopher M. , Brown Lee Warren 
Published: March 2021

PurposeWhile research has shown that multiple actors, both internal and external to the organization, influence performance, oftentimes, these actors are studied in isolation. This paper aims to examine the performance implications of both top management team (TMT) and chief executive officer (CEO) human capital. In addition, the authors consider external actors' influence on performance by examining corporate political activity (CPA).Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a sample of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football teams, examining human capital data on the head coaches and the assistant coaches, combined with the schools' participation in NCAA football committees.FindingsThe study findings indicate that organizations engage in various market and nonmarket strategies in concert, and that different strategies result in performance outcome differences. Specifically, we examine how the use of CEO and TMT human capital and CPA interact and influence performance.Practical implicationsThe authors examine the moderating effects of political activity on the human capital–performance relationship for both top leaders and TMTs. Organizations benefit from investing in the human capital of their leaders internally and CPA externally.Originality/valueWhile organizations engage in market and nonmarket actions in concert, management research has generally studied these concepts in isolation. This paper suggests that both market and nonmarket activities can influence performance.
A pathway for citizen science data to inform policy: A case study using eBird data for defining low‐risk collision areas for wind energy development
Authors: Ruiz‐Gutierrez Viviana , Bjerre Emily R. , Otto Mark C. , Zimmerman Guthrie S. , Millsap Brian A. , Fink Daniel , Stuber Erica F. , Strimas‐Mackey Matthew , Robinson Orin J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The research and conservation community has successfully harnessed the wealth of ecological knowledge found in unprecedented volumes of citizen science (CS) data world‐wide. However, few examples exist of the use of CS data to directly inform policy.

Current examples of applications of CS data mainly stem from programs that are restricted in scope (e.g. defined protocols, restricted sampling time frame), and the potential use of unrestricted CS data to inform policy remains largely untapped.

Here, we make a call for moving beyond questioning the reliability of CS data and present a case study of how the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) used information from an unrestricted CS program (eBird) to inform levels of exposure to collision risk for wind energy development.

Policy implications. The USFWS made the technical recommendation to use eBird abundance estimates for the bald eagle as the only source of information to define low‐risk collision areas as part of the agency's wind energy permitting process. Our study contributes a clear pathway of how to realize the potential of unrestricted CS programs for generating the evidence base needed to inform policy decisions.
Non‐human matter, health disparities and a thousand tiny dis/advantages
Authors: J Fox Nick , Powell Katie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe materialist thread within health sociology has observed a clear gradient linking inequalities in health with measures of social class and poverty. More recently, Bourdieu's approach to social class complemented the ‘economic capital’ of Marxist analysis with ‘symbolic’ capitals such as ‘social’ and ‘cultural’. However, efforts to assess how symbolic capital interacts with health disparities reveal complex or contradictory effects. In this paper, we re‐materialise the study of health and social position via a new materialist focus on the interactions between humans and non‐human matter (NHM). We analyse empirical data to disclose the range of human/NHM interactions in daily life, and how these affect people's health status. These interactions establish physical, psychological and social opportunities and constraints on what human bodies can do, contributing to relative advantages and disadvantages. We argue for a revised materialist understanding of sociomaterial position as constituted by a ‘thousand tiny dis/advantages’, and suggest that health and wellbeing are inextricably linked to dis/advantage.
Introduction: Towards an anthropology of data
Authors: Douglas‐Jones Rachel , Walford Antonia , Seaver Nick 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe world is talking ‘data’. The early cross‐disciplinary, business‐orientated hype around the potential of ‘big’ data, with its promises of unprecedented insight into social life, has given way. Data now motivates a sweep of dystopian visions, from rampant commodification to the invasion of privacy, political manipulation, and shadowy data doubles. Yet anthropologists have been cautious in taking data itself as their object, even as the social life of data practices becomes manifest in our ethnographies. In this introduction, we argue for an anthropology of data that is ethnographically specific and theoretically ambitious, putting forward a case for why anthropological engagements with the data moment might be not only politically important but also conceptually generative.
Hacking anthropology
Authors: Knox Hannah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis essay outlines how the ‘hack’ might offer a model for anthropological research in the face of the distributed relations evidenced by digital data. The argument builds on fieldwork with citizens and activists and looks at their attempts to understand and make use of the data produced by energy sensors and monitors. Drawing on their experiences, I suggest that ‘the hack’ emerges as an important form of practice that helps people navigate the place of data in social relations. Taking the hack not just as ethnographic observation but also as a methodological proposition, I use my ethnographic material on the practice of the hack to reconsider the anthropological challenge of doing ethnography of processes that are only perceptible through numerical or digital data. To explore the value of the hack for anthropology, I introduce an example of an attempt to do ethnography in the mode of the hack. The essay ends with reflections on how the hack might provide us with new ways of getting to grips with the anthropological implications of systemic and emergent relations that are both brought to light and remade through data.
Formation of furan in baby food products: Identification and technical challenges
Authors: Javed Farah , Shahbaz Hafiz Muhammad , Nawaz Asad , Olaimat Amin N. , Stratakos Alexandros Ch. , Wahyono Agung , Munir Sadia , Mueen‐ud‐din Ghulam , Ali Zeshan , Park Jiyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFuran is generally produced during thermal processing of various foods including baked, fried, and roasted food items such as cereal products, coffee, canned, and jarred prepared foods as well as in baby foods. Furan is a toxic and carcinogenic compound to humans and may be a vital hazard to infants and babies. Furan could be formed in foods through thermal degradation of carbohydrates, dissociation of amino acids, and oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The detection of furan in food products is difficult due to its high volatility and low molecular weight. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) is generally used for analysis of furan in food samples. The risk assessment of furan can be characterized using margin of exposure approach (MOE). Conventional strategies including cooking in open vessels, reheating of commercially processed foods with stirring, and physical removal using vacuum treatment have remained unsuccessful for the removal of furan due to the complex production mechanisms and possible precursors of furan. The innovative food‐processing technologies such as high‐pressure processing (HPP), high‐pressure thermal sterilization (HPTS), and Ohmic heating have been adapted for the reduction of furan levels in baby foods. But in recent years, only HPP has gained interest due to successful reduction of furan because of its nonthermal mechanism. HPP‐treated baby food products are commercially available from different food companies. This review summarizes the mechanism involved in the formation of furan in foods, its toxicity, and identification in infant foods and presents a solution for limiting its formation, occurrence, and retention using novel strategies.
De novo assembly and SSR loci analysis in Gasterophilus nasalis (Diptera: Oestridae)
Authors: Zhang Tiange , Zhang Ke , Zhou Tong , Zhou Ran , Ge Yan , Wang Zhenbiao , Shao Huimin , Zhang Dong , Li Kai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGasterophilus nasalis, an obligate parasite of equids, is distributed worldwide and causes severe damage when abundant in the host's digestive tract. However, detailed genomic information is lacking for this pathogen. In this study, we generated 27.47 Gb of clean data on G. nasalis using the Illumina Hiseq™ 4000 sequencing platform. De novo analysis of sequencing reads revealed 37,289 unigenes obtained from G. nasalis, with an average length of 1,335 bp and N50 length of 1,808 bp. All unigenes were searched against the non‐redundant (NR) databases using BlastX and were primarily annotated to the NCBI nr database (13 396, 35.92%), exhibiting highest homology with sequences from Lucilia cuprina. Further, a total of 9255 unigenes were annotated to three functional categories and 54 subclasses under the Gene Ontology (GO) database. Meanwhile, 6817 unigenes were assigned to 43 biochemical pathways under KEGG database, of which the signal transduction pathway was the most enriched. Moreover, 28 250 simple sequence repeats were found to be located in 16 538 unigenes, and A/T was the dominant repeat in 275 repeated motif types. The results of this study will lay a theoretical foundation for the development of biological control strategies for G. nasalis.
Attenuator LRR – a regulatory tool for modulating gene expression in Gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Cai Xia , Wang Qian , Fang Yu , Yao Die , Zhan Yunda , An Baoju , Yan Bing , Cai Jun 
Published: March 2021

SummaryWith the rapid development of synthetic biology in recent years, particular attention has been paid to RNA devices, especially riboswitches, because of their significant and diverse regulatory roles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Due to the limited performance and context‐dependence of riboswitches, only a few of them (such as theophylline, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin riboswitches) have been utilized as regulatory tools in biotechnology. In the present study, we demonstrated that a ribosome‐dependent ribo‐regulator, LRR, discovered in our previous work, exhibits an attractive regulatory performance. Specifically, it offers a 60‐fold change in expression in the presence of retapamulin and a low level of leaky expression of about 1–2% without antibiotics. Moreover, LRR can be combined with different promoters and performs well in Bacillus thuringiensis, B. cereus, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. subtilis. Additionally, LRR also functions in the Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Furthermore, we demonstrate its ability to control melanin metabolism in B. thuringiensis BMB171. Our results show that LRR can be applied to regulate gene expression, construct genetic circuits and tune metabolic pathways, and has great potential for many applications in synthetic biology.