bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El intercambio virtual: experiencias desde instituciones en el Caribe colombiano
Authors: Lafont Castillo Tania Isabel , Echeverría King Luisa Fernanda , Álvarez Ruíz Liliana Patricia 
Published: March 2021

El intercambio virtual busca generar espacios de interacción cultural, de investigación, de idiomas, entre otras modalidades entre grupos de estudiantes y docentes ubicados en diversas localidades o países. En la educación superior se usa entre instituciones como una estrategia para el desarrollo de competencias en estudiantes, así como para la construcción de comunidades de aprendizaje. Con el fin de caracterizar las acciones de intercambio virtual para estudiantes realizadas en las instituciones adscritas al Nodo Caribe de la Red Colombiana para la Internacionalización de la Educación Superior (RCI), se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, donde se encuestaron a las 26 instituciones miembro, de las cuales 24 realizan acciones de intercambio virtual. Resaltan las modalidades como el intercambio académico, pasantías de investigación, en empresas y esquemas de aprendizaje colaborativo en línea. Los países principales con los que se realizan estas actividades son México, Argentina y Perú. Existen desafíos para su implementación especialmente por la capacitación de docentes, seguimiento y monitoreo a estudiantes y sus resultados de aprendizaje. Es necesario contar con una buena infraestructura, conectividad y docentes capacitados en aspectos técnicos y pedagógicos para facilitar el éxito en la ejecución de estos intercambios, así como generar procedimientos institucionales que faciliten su implementación.
A New Synbiotic Fermented Dairy Product: Technological Production Features
Authors: Zakharova Lyudmila , Gorbunchikova Marina 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Many strains used in dairy industry are antagonists of harmful microflora. Logically, a successful combination of several cultures can enhance the bactericidal effect. The present research objective was to develop a fermented milk drink using a prebiotic to stimulate a multicomponent starter culture.
Study objects and methods. The research featured pure strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain No. 791 and Lactobacillus acidophilus (VZ-AP), as well as Bio-fi Pro WR 400 beet fiber. The study involved standard and conventional research methods.
Results and discussion. The first stage defined the optimal ratios of B. bifidum and L. acidophilus for a two-component starter culture, as well as the optimal production method and their antibiotic activity. The second stage featured the functional and technological properties of the prebiotic beet fiber and its effect on the development of microorganisms in the starter. The study resulted in the main production parameters and a technological scheme for the production of fermented dairy product.
Conclusion. The paper introduces a new technology for production of a functional fermented milk product fortified with probiotics and prebiotics, as well as approved technical documentation. The new functional fermented dairy product was based on a starter
culture that combined a liquid concentrate of B. bifidum strain No. 791 and a starter culture of L. acidophilus (VZ-AP). The optimal ratio of microbial cultures was 5:1, respectively. The starter strain proved to have a high antibiotic activity. Prebiotic beet fiber Bio-fi Pro WR 400 could be recommended as a product stabilizer at the optimal amount of 0.7% by weight of standardized milk.
Quality Control of Colostrum and Protein Calf Milk Replacers
Authors: Kharitonov Vladimir , Asafov Vladimir , Iskakova Evgeniya , Tankova Nina , Halavach Tatsiana , Kurchenko Vladimir 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Improving technologies and providing young farm animals with high-quality feed are the primary tasks for successful reproduction and maintenance of dairy cattle. The research objective was to assess the quality characteristics of colostrum and milk replacers, as well as their technological prospects.
Study objects and methods. The research featured colostrum, calf milk replacers (CMR), processing methods, and quality characteristics. The paper introduces an analysis of various sustainable processes of obtaining new CMRs.
Results and discussion. The article describes colostrum: recommended intake for young calves, qualitative characteristics, and control methods. It focuses mostly on the microbiological characteristics of colostrum, as well as on its role in developing the immune system of calves and the prospects of enzymatic regulation of its functional properties. Enzymatic regulation is based on deep proteins hydrolysates and a highly active serine protease (alcalase). The authors studied variants of using various enzyme preparations and bacterial starter cultures for obtaining hydrolyzed and fermented colostrum, analyzed the main process indicators of milk replacers with intermediate moisture content, and tested various methods for assessing the fatty acid and protein composition of concentrated milk replacers. Production methods proved to have a significant impact on the indicators in question.
Conclusion. Reproduction of the dairy herd genetic potential depends on the diet of the young farm animals, and so does the economy of agricultural production. Enzymatic processing of raw materials proved to be the most promising approach for obtaining products with improved functional properties. Deep colostrum hydrolysates can also be an important part of functional foods for children, athletes, in dietary foods, etc.
Quantifying groundwater fluxes from an aapa mire to a riverside esker formation
Authors: Marttila H. , Aurela M. , Büngener L. , Rossi P. M. , Lohila A. , Postila H. , Saari M. , Penttilä T. , Kløve B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Water flows in peatland margins is an under-researched topic. This study examines recharge from a peatland to an esker aquifer in an aapa mire complex of northern Finland. Our objective was to study how the aapa mire margin is hydrogeologically connected to the riverside aquifer and spatial and temporal variations in the recharge of peatland water to groundwater (GW). Following geophysical studies and monitoring of the saturated zone, a GW model (MODFLOW) was used in combination with stable isotopes to quantify GW flow volumes and directions. Peatland water recharge to the sandy aquifer indicated a strong connection at the peatland–aquifer boundary. Recharge volumes from peatland to esker were high and rather constant (873 m3 d−1) and dominated esker recharge at the study site. The peat water recharging the esker boundary was rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Stable isotope studies on water (δ18O, δ2H, and d-excess) from GW wells verified the recharge of DOC-rich water from peatlands to mineral soil esker. Biogeochemical analysis revealed changes from DOC to dissolved inorganic carbon in the flow pathway from peatland margin to the river Kitinen. This study highlights the importance of careful investigation of aapa mire margin areas and their potential role in regional GW recharge patterns.
A study of the socionic characteristics of males and females for improving the reliability of aptitude screening of aviation specialists
Authors: Arinicheva O. V. , Malishevsky A. V. 
Published: March 2021

Aim.This article continues the series of studies aimed at improving the aptitude screening of commercial aviation personnel. The socionic characteristics of a human operator define his/her work with information flows, and their significance is the higher, the greater is the time shortage they have to deal with as part of their professional activities, therefore, in this paper, those characteristics were examined as professionally important qualities of both a pilot, and an air traffic controller. The task consisted in evaluating the socionic characteristics of male and female control room specialists, who have successfully completed aptitude screening in commercial aviation, identifying the presence or absence of differences between the obtained results. Additionally, for the sake of comparison, the research covered the socionic characteristics of males and females, whose professional activities have nothing to do with technology. In total, the study includes data of over 3116 tested persons.Methods.The 5-th modification of the MM-1 socionic test developed by the Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation was used as the psychodiagnostic method for estimating constituent socionic characteristics. The obtained samples were primarily compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test. The results were also processed using correlation analysis.Results.The paper presents socionic portraits,i.e. the distribution of the dominating components of the human socionic model among various samples, socionic models of various professional groups (human socionic model for a typical member of a sample), as well as graphical data per individual psychological dichotomies: “extraversion – introversion”, “logic – ethics”, “sensorics – intuition”, “rationality – irrationality”.Conclusions.The identified differences between the studied samples are primarily professional in their nature, i.e. comparing samples of individuals from the same professional group and approximately the same age, but different gender, in no case reliable differences were identified. Thus, no fundamental gender-specific differences were identified by the socionic psychodiagnostic method used as part of this work. However, the analysis of a number of Russian and foreign sources dedicated to gender differences suggests that improving the reliability of aptitude screening of aviation specialists requires further research involving the evaluation of the differences in the expression of the necessary professionally significant qualities of control room specialists, not by criterion of biological sex, but rather in accordance with the identified gender-related personality type.
O que mudou na incidência da sífilis no estado do Rio de Janeiro de 2009 a 2019
Authors: Almeida Adorno Iara , Gomes Queiroz Bianca , Moreira Lara Thaís , Duarte Ferreira Renata , Barbosa Pires Braga Anne Caroline , Rocha Salim Thais 
Published: March 2021

A sífilis é uma doença infectocontagiosa crônica e sistêmica que possui prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento fácil, rápido e eficaz, mas que, atualmente, vem apresentando elevada taxa de detecção, caracterizando um grave problema de Saúde Pública nacional e global. Este estudo objetiva descrever como a sífilis vem sendo notificada no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico e descritivo sobre a incidência e distribuição regional da sífilis adquirida, gestacional e congênita no estado do Rio de Janeiro nos anos de 2009 a junho de 2019. Utilizou-se bancos de dados oficiais do SINAN, SINASC, IBGE e da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde os dados coletados foram caracterizados de acordo com variáveis biológicas, sociais e geográficas. Foram notificados, respectivamente, 55.991, 45.783 e 30.232 casos de sífilis adquirida, gestacional e congênita. Houve predomínio de gestantes entre 20 e 29 anos, pardas, com ensino fundamental incompleto e provenientes da região Metropolitana I. A sífilis gestacional foi mais diagnosticada no primeiro trimestre gestacional, predominando a subclasse latente. Já a congênita apresentou maior incidência em menores de 27 dias, subclasse congênita recente. O momento do diagnóstico materno para sífilis congênita ocorreu principalmente durante o pré-natal. Pôde-se identificar números consideravelmente altos e alarmantes, bem como a incompletude de informações nos bancos de dados. Deste modo, observou-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de estratégias de saúde a assistência materno-infantil mais resolutivas visando o controle da sua transmissão, melhoria do diagnóstico e tratamento e a minimização de suas repercussões.
Palavras-chave: Sífilis; Sífilis Congênita; Sífilis Latente; Epidemiologia.
An Effective Brain Imaging Biomarker for AD and aMCI: ALFF in Slow-5 Frequency Band
Authors: Wang Luoyu , Feng Qi , Wang Mei , Zhu Tingting , Yu Enyan , Niu Jialing , Ge Xiuhong , Mao Dewang , Lv Yating , Ding Zhongxiang 
Published: March 2021

Background:
As a potential brain imaging biomarker, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation
(ALFF) has been used as a feature to distinguish patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from normal controls (NC). However, it remains
unclear whether the frequency-dependent pattern of ALFF alterations can effectively distinguish
the different phases of the disease.

Methods:
In the present study, 52 AD and 50 aMCI patients were enrolled together with 43 NC in
total. The ALFF values were calculated in the following three frequency bands: classical
(0.01-0.08 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) and slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz) for the three different groups.
Subsequently, the local functional abnormalities were employed as features to examine the effect
of classification among AD, aMCI and NC using a support vector machine (SVM).

Results:
We found that the among-group differences of ALFF in the different frequency bands
were mainly located in the left hippocampus (HP), right HP, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex
(PCC) and bilateral precuneus (PCu), left angular gyrus (AG) and left medial prefrontal cortex
(mPFC). When the local functional abnormalities were employed as features, we identified that the
ALFF in the slow-5 frequency band showed the highest accuracy to distinguish among the three
groups.

Conclusion:
These findings may deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD and suggest
that slow-5 frequency band may be helpful to explore the pathogenesis and distinguish the phases
of this disease.
Pyrazoles and Fused Pyrimidines: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation,
Antitubercular Activity and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Al-Soliemy Amerah M. , Sabour Rehab , Farghaly Thoraya A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Synthesis of new heterocyclic drugs in short reaction time with sufficient quantity is considered as a target for several pharmaceutical scientists. Thus, organic reactions proceeded on the surface of nano-sized catalysts to speed up the stimulation process. Objective: we aimed in this research to synthesize a new series of heterocyclic compounds carrying pyrazole moiety in the presence of ZnO nano-catalyst to investigate their anti-tubercular activity.

Methods:
ZnO(NPs) was used in synthesis of novel series of thienylpyrazolopyrimidines bearing arylazo group by reaction of thiophene-enaminone and the amino-arylazopyrazoles in excellent yield. On the other hand, another series of theinyl-pyrazoles was synthesized through the reaction of the same enaminone with hydrazonoyl chlorides but the usage of ZnO(NPs) failed in such reactions.

Results:
The proposed structures of the products and the mechanistic pathways of the reactions were assured based on the spectral data and chemical evidences. Thienylpyrazole derivatives were assessed for their activity as Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibitor and their results revealed that two thienylpyrazole derivatives 24d & 24f showed the most signiﬁcant anti-mycobacterial activity with MIC values 0.70 & 1.29 µM/mL, respectively comparing with the MIC value = 0.60 µM/mL of the standard drug Rifampicin. Furthermore, the most active thienylpyrazole derivatives were investigated for their cytotoxic impact versus normal cells WI-38 (Normal human Lung fibroblast cells) using MTT assay. These thienylpyrazole derivatives exhibited good selective index proﬁle. Moreover, 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazole analogues showed good interaction with the active site of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (Mt InhA) through the molecular docking studies.

Conclusion:
We succeeded to synthesis a new series of heterocyclic compounds carrying pyrazole moiety in the presence of ZnO nano-catalyst as anti-tubercular agents.
Effectiveness of virtual technologies in relieving pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Eliseeva L. N. , Korobko S. Y. , Sidorova A. V. , Malkhasyan I. G. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: tto assess the possibility and feasibility of using virtual technologies to reduce the intensity of pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in real clinical practice.Materials and methods: we observed for 2 weeks 48 women with rheumatoid arthritis verified by modern methods during inpatient treatment at the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Research Institute-KKB No. 1 n.a. prof. S.V. Ochapovsky. The patients were divided into two groups according to the case-control principle, of which 1 out of 28 patients constituted the intervention group, and 2 out of 20 patients were observed as controls. The study included only women from 20 to 75 years old, signed informed consent. According to clinical data and indicators of the course of rheumatoid arthritis, the groups were comparable. The severity of pain manifestations of the articular syndrome, quality of life, and duration of pain during the day were analyzed. All patients received comparable standard basic therapy. Patients of the 1st group were additionally conducted daily 20-minute lessons according to the method of "distracted involvement" using virtual games through VR-glasses.Results: the using of computer games with VR glasses led to a decrease in the severity of pain by 29,62% in patients of group 1 versus 18,97% in the comparison group. They had a significant decrease in intense pain 3 days earlier and by the end of the course of virtual therapy they recorded a significant (by 37.5%) reduction in the duration of pain during the day (with a 26% effect in the comparison group). A positive aspect of the use of virtual technologies was the reduction in the total dose of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs taken in the observation group by 48% (versus 26% in group II). This fact creates conditions for reducing the drug load in the total volume of therapy and prevents the development of side and unwanted iatrogenic reactions.Conclusion: the application of the method of "distracted involvement" with the use of games through VR-glasses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is an effective method of analgesic non-drug action in complex therapy. The low cost and high analgesic efficacy of the method makes it possible to recommend its use in the inpatient treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. At the same time, a number of issues of safety and effective duration of course use of virtual games in order to reduce the severity of pain syndromes require further study.
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AS THERAPEUTIC ALLIES OF THE GUT MICROBIOME ON CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
Authors: Mermans Fabian , Heiremans Evelien , Van Belleghem Maud , Meersschaut Axelle , Hernandez-Sanabria Emma 
Published: March 2021

Our gut harbours around 1014 bacteria of more than 1000 species, accounting for approximately 2 kg of biomass. The gut microbiome plays several vital functions in processes such as the development of the immune system, food digestion and protection against pathogens. For these functions to be beneficial for both host and microbiome, interactions are tightly regulated. Gut and immune cells continuously interact to distinguish among commensal microbiota, harmless foodstuff, and pathogens. A fine balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory state is fundamental to protect intestinal homeostasis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) are a class of drugs used for management of pain and inflammation. These compounds have heterologous structures but similar therapeutic activities. The target of all NSAIDs are the isoforms of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX): the primarily constitutive form COX-1, and the inducible from COX-2. Both isoforms catalyse the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGH2, the immediate substrate for specific prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. The gut microbiota plays a role in drug metabolism, resulting in altered bioavailability of these compounds. Additionally, complex host-microbiome interactions lead to modified xenobiotic metabolism and altered expression of genes involved in drug metabolism. These effects can be at gut tissue-level, or distant, including in the liver. Besides the gut microbiome influencing drug metabolism, drugs also impact the microbial communities in the gut. As different drugs exert selective pressures on the gut microbiome, understanding this bidirectional relationship is crucial for developing effective therapies for managing chronic inflammation.
THE ARCHEOLOGY OF LANGUAGE AND POETRY FOR BEGINNERS – APPLICATION OF ORAL LYRICS IN DIALECT IN TEACHING
Authors: Mitić Kristina 
Published: March 2021

Oral lyric poetry in a dialect can be found neither in the curriculum nor in textbooks. The purpose of this paper is to promote homeland literature as a step toward gaining insight into universal culture and civilization while its main objective is to present the methods and importance of a significant teaching principle in training students coming from a dialectal environment – the homeland principle, which implies getting acquainted with the literature originating from the homeland characterized by homeland motifs and dialect. Concurrently, this paper aims at suggesting the possibilities of applying oral lyric poetry in a dialect while teaching students who come from the environment marked by the concordance between the standard language and native tongue, or by slight deviations between the two, as well as at presenting relevant sources from which to obtain material for such activities. This would allow for a more thorough and complete understanding of our oral lyric poetry and acquiring the value and messages it conveys. The applicability of oral lyric poetry is observed in regular classes of the Serbian language and literature (studying perusal, the history of the Serbian language, acquiring standard language and dialect concepts, studying author literature in a dialect, etc.), in extracurricular classes, as well as in the correlation with other school subjects (history, geography, music).
RECONSIDERING TEACHERS’ VIEWS ON THE PROCESSES OF COURSE DESIGN AND TEACHING MATERIALS SELECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
Authors: Spirovska Elena 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze, from teachers’ point of view, the processes of needs analysis, syllabus design and the materials selection and adaptation in the context of English for Academic Purposes (EAP). These aspects of course design will be presented by examining in more detail the existing teachers’ views and opinions on the factors which influence syllabus design, materials selection and deciding on the grading criteria. English for Academic Purposes is a discipline which emerged and was developed from English for Specific Purposes (ESP) context. The context of English for Academic Purposes is defined by a number of authors as a discipline which focuses on language learning in academic contexts and improving skills which can be transferred beyond the language curriculum and used in every area of academic studies. Some examples of these skills include the following: writing, research, presentation skills, providing arguments and debating. The research for the study is conducted by review of the relevant literature and previous studies on the topic, in addition to examining teachers’ attitudes via open-ended interview questions.