bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neuroprotective Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 via the Hippo/YAP Signaling Pathway is Mediated by the PI3K/AKT Pathway Following Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Gong Pian , Zou Yichun , Zhang Wei , Tian Qi , Han Shoumeng , Xu Zhou , Chen Qianxue , li mingchang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exhibits neuroprotective properties, such as vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects following ischemic stroke. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of action of IGF-1 following ischemic stroke remain elusive. We wanted to explore whether IGF-1 regulates Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, potentially via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to exert its neuroprotective effects following ischemic stroke. In the in vitro study, we used oxygen–glucose deprivation to injure cultured PC12 and SH-5YSY cells, and cortical primary neurons. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 assay. For the in vivo analyses, Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion; neurological function was assessed using the neurological deficit score; infarct volume was measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and neuronal death and apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining, H&E staining and Nissl staining. Western blot was used to measure the levels of YAP/TAZ, PI3K and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) both in vitro and in vivo. We found that IGF-1 induced activation of YAP/TAZ, which resulted in improved cell viability in vitro, and decreased neurological deficits, neuronal death and apoptosis, and cerebral infarct volume in vivo. Notably, the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1 were reversed by an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, LY294002, which not only reduced expressions of PI3K and p-AKT, but also down-regulated expression of YAP/TAZ, leading to aggravation of neurological dysfunction. These findings indicate that neuroprotective effect of IGF-1 is partly realized by up-regulation of YAP/TAZ, which is mediated by activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway following cerebral ischemic stroke.
The Preliminary Study on Bare Spots Under Populus Euphratica Canopy
Authors: Waili Yizaitiguli , Kuerban Mireadili , Xu Zhonglin , Yang Jianjun , Xu Xiaolong , Li Yanan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Land degradation and desertification are the great concern of arid and semiarid areas. In Euphrates poplar forest, there exists large number of bare spots which have been considered as representative of desertification. In this study, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology was used to determine the spatial distribution and extract the bare spots area and morphological characteristics of Populus euphratica stands. Besides, the physical and chemical properties between soils inside and outside of these spots were compared. We found that: (1) the UAV method could be reliably used to extract the area of bare spots and the morphological characteristics of Populus euphratica stands;(2) with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.673 and 0.894, there were a strong correlation relationship between bare spots area and canopy area in both measured and estimated data rather than other morphological characteristics;(3) electrical conductivity, pH, soil water content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and soil organic matter has great differences between soils inside and outside of bare spots. These results not only could contribute to further understanding of spatial distribution of bare spots, but also helps to the sustainable management of Populus euphratica forest in arid regions.
Evaluates the physicochemical characteristics and change in the concentration of arsenic species in groundwater, release from 2nd aquifer of coal mining area, its drain outlet and different sites of reservoir: Application of multivariate techniques
Authors: Unar Asif Ali , Kazi Tasneem G , Memon Shahabuddin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For energy production activity the ground water of 2nd aquifer (AQ2) of block 2 of Thar coal field is drained out in a reservoir/Gorano dam. In present study the physico-chemical and toxic elemental levels in ground water samples of 2nd aquifer (AQ2) of Thar coalfield at the depth of 100–120 m was carried out. The further sampling of water was carried out from drain outlet (DW) and four sampling sites of reservoir (S1, S2, S3 and S4). The sediment samples of water reservoir were collected from four sites and analyzed for toxic elements. The large data set of water quality of AQ2, DW and four samples sites at different spots of reservoir, carried out during 2019 for 17 parameters in triplicate of each composite samples were further analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques involving cluster (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The all water samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters including cations and anions. The resulted data of cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cadmium, lead, total arsenic and iron), anions (chloride, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate and bicarbonate) and physicochemical parameters were descript in terms of basic statistical parameters, PCA and CA. The chemical correlations among different parameters were observed by PCA, which were employed to categorize the water samples by CA. The positive correlation of fluoride (F−) and total arsenic with sodium and bicarbonate indicated that the GW (AQ2), DW and water samples of reservoir with high conductivity and salinity stabilized the toxic elements in the water samples of different origin. Results showed that all collected water samples have high values of sodium absorption ratio. The water quality assessment indicated that the high levels of physicochemical parameters and toxic elements in ground and reservoir water have concern in and make it unsuitable for drinking and domestic purposes.
Comparative QTL analysis and candidate genes identification of seed size, shape and weight in soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Elattar Mahmoud A , Karikari Benjamin , Li Shuguang , Song Shiyu , Cao Yongce , Aslam Muhammed , Hina Aiman , Abou-Elwafa Salah Fatouh , Zhao Tuanjie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dissecting the genetic mechanism underlying seed size, shape and weight is essential to these traits for enhancing soybean cultivars. High-density genetic maps of two recombinant inbred line populations, LM6 and ZM6, evaluated in multiple environments to identify candidate genes behind seed-related traits major and stable QTLs. A total of 239 and 43 M-QTL were mapped by composite interval mapping and mixed-model based composite interval mapping approaches, respectively, from which 22 common QTLs including four major and novel QTLs. CIM and MCIM approaches identified 180 and 18 novel M-QTLs, respectively. Moreover, 18 QTLs showed significant AE effects, and 40 pairwise of the identified QTLs exhibited digenic epistatic effects. Seed flatness index QTLs (34 QTLs) were identified and reported for the first time. Seven QTL clusters underlying the inheritance of seed size, shape and weight on genomic regions of chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 17 and 19 were identified. Gene annotations, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and RNA-seq analyses identified 47 candidate genes for seed-related traits within the genomic regions of those 7 QTL clusters. These genes are highly expressed in seed-related tissues and nodules, that might be deemed as potential candidate genes regulating the above traits in soybean. This study provides detailed information for the genetic bases of the studied traits and candidate genes that could be efficiently implemented by soybean breeders for fine mapping and gene cloning as well as for MAS targeted at improving these traits individually or concurrently.
Validation of HIV Risk Screening Tool to Identify Infected Adults and Adolescents &gt;14 years at Community Level
Authors: Yirdaw Kesetebirhan Delele , Mandala Justin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background There are a number of risk factors being used to identify undiagnosed HIV infected adults. As the number of undiagnosed people gets lesser and lesser, it is important to know if existing risk factors and risk assessment tools are valid for use. In this study, we validate existing HIV risk assessment tools and see if they are worth using for HIV case finding among adults who remain undiagnosed. Methods The Tanzania and Zambia Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) household surveys were conducted during 2016. We used adult interview and HIV datasets to assess validity of different HIV risk assessment tools. We first included 12 risk factors (being divorced, separated or widowed (DSW); having an HIV+ spouse; having one of the following within 12 months of the survey: paid work, slept away from home for at least a month, had multiple sexual partners, paid for sex, had sexually transmitted infection (STI), being a tuberculosis (TB) suspect, being very sick for at least 3 months; had ever sold sex; diagnosed with cervical cancer; and had TB disease into a risk assessment tool and assessed its validity by comparing it against HIV test result. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of the tool were assessed against the HIV test result. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine a suitable cut-off score in order to have a tool with better sensitivity, specificity, and PPV. ROC comparison statistics was used to statistically test equality between AUC (area under the curve) of the different scores. ROC comparison statistics was also used to determine which risk assessment tool was better compared to the tool that contained all risk factors. Results Of 14,820 study participants, 57.8% were men, and had a median age of 30 (IQR: 21-24). HIV prevalence was 2.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0-2.6). For the tool containing all risk factors, HIV prevalence was 1.0% when none of the risk factors were positive (Score 0) compared to 3.2% when at least one factor (Score ≥1) was present and 8.0% when ≥4 risk factors were present. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 82.3% (78.6%-85.9%), 41.9% (41.1%-42.7%), 3.2% (2.8%-3.6%), and 99.0% (98.8%-99.3%), respectively. The use of a tool containing conventional risk factors (all except those related with working and sleeping away) was found to have higher AUC compared to the use of all risk factors (p value <0.001), with corresponding sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 63.5% (58.9%-68.1%), 66.2% (65.5%-67.0%), 4.2% (3.6%-4.8%), and 98.7% (98.5%-98.9%), respectively. Conclusion Use of a screening tool containing conventional risk factors improved HIV testing yield compared to doing universal testing. Prioritizing people who fulfil multiple risk factors should be explored further to improve HIV testing yield.
Comparative health risk assessment of nitrate in drinking groundwater resources of urban and rural region(Isfahan, Iran), Using GIS
Authors: Aghapour Saba , Bina Bijan , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Amiri Fahimeh , Ebrahimi Afshin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background : Groundwater contaminant such as nitrate (NO 3 - ) is one of the environmental factors that can affect human health . Methemoglobinemia of infants, thyroid disorders, and probably some carcinogenic effects, are health concerns associated with dietary nitrate. Isfahan province has a dry and semi-arid desert climate that the main source of various applications in this province is groundwater resources. This study evaluated spatial analysis of the concentration of NO 3 - in groundwater resources and its possible health risk to residents.
Results : It was indicated that nitrate concentrations in the rural and urban areas were in the range of 0.4–137 mg/L NO 3 − with the mean of 33.72 mg/L NO 3 − , and 2.9-209 mg/L NO 3 - with the mean of 38.87 mg/L, respectively. As well, 226 samples (25%), and 104 (24%) ones were detected above the Iran and World Health Organization guidelines 50 mg/L as NO 3 − . While the highest levels of NO 3 − which were located in the west and central groundwater resources of the province were in the agricultural and residential areas. The HQ for Infants, in 32% of samples, urban 136 and rural 297 samples were higher than 1 (HQ>1). Also, in urban area HQ was more than 1 in 8, 5, 1, and 3 samples in children, teens, male and female, respectively.
Conclusions : Infants were the most vulnerable compared with the other groups. Therefore, in some areas, there are potential risks of methemoglobinemia, especially for infants. So, it is critical to adopt specific strategies to reduce the nitrate concentration in the studied groundwater.
Investigations of hydraulic transient flows in pressurized pipeline based on 1D traditional and 3D weakly compressible models
Authors: Wu Guohong , Duan Xiangyu , Zhu Jianghui , Li Xiaoqin , Tang Xuelin , Gao Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Transient flow characteristics and dissipation mechanism in pressurized pipeline were investigated based on 1D friction models and 3D turbulence models, where the pressure–density model was combined into the 3D continuity equation allowing for the elasticity of the fluid and the pipes. The applicability of 3D realizable k–ε and 3D SST (shear stress transport) k–ω turbulence models was verified with comparison to 1D traditional water hammer models and the experimental data for fast closing of the valve in the reservoir–pipe–valve system. The valve closure rule was instantaneously carried out using the grid slip CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technique. The SST k–ω turbulence model has the highest accuracy in predicting the pressure attenuation of transient flows. The 3D detailed flow field confirms that the asymmetric flows induced by the change of valve opening within approximately three-fourths of the pipe inner diameter before the valve are captured. In the pressure wave cycles, the unsteady inertia, axial pressure gradient, viscous shear stress and turbulent shear stress mainly influence the velocity variations. During the pressure wave propagation, the viscous and turbulent dissipation are critical in the pressure attenuation in the wall region; the viscous dissipation is mainly concentrated in the viscous sublayer, while the turbulent dissipation increases to the maximum values at y+ = 13–23.
Derivation of instantaneous unit hydrographs using linear reservoir models
Authors: Monajemi Parjang , Khaleghi Setareh , Maleki Shahrzad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research, a new conceptual model for producing instantaneous unit hydrographs (IUHs) is introduced by a linear combination of the Nash model, which assumes that the discharge from a reservoir is a linear function of its storage, and a model called inter-connected linear reservoir model (ICLRM), which assumes that the discharge from a reservoir is a linear function of the difference of its storage and its adjacent downstream reservoir. By employing these assumptions, a system of first-order linear differential equations with three degrees of freedom (storage coefficient, number of reservoirs, and weighting coefficient) is obtained as the governing equation for the proposed model. This model may be considered as the general form of the two models and is therefore capable of simulating IUHs laying between these two models. To show the capabilities of the model, linear and curvilinear soil conservation service (SCS) hydrographs are simulated using dimensionless hydrographs obtained by this model. Moreover, several real hydrographs were simulated by the proposed model and compared with hydrographs obtained by Nash, ICLRM, and SCS models. The results show that the model yields more accurate results compared to other studied models and may be considered as a new model for simulating IUHs.
Recycling of rural abandoned constructed wetlands: mariculture wastewater treatment
Authors: Xin Yu , Liu Lin , Wei Lili , Huang Xu , Liu Chaoxiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the behavioral shifts of constructed wetland (CW) when the treated water was changed from domestic wastewater to mariculture wastewater. The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of ammonium nitrogen (), total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 29.54, 46.07 and 57.15% in mariculture wastewater, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in domestic wastewater (71.35, 66.34 and 74.98%, respectively). While there was no significant difference in the removal efficiency of nitrate and phosphate (P &gt; 0.05) between the two systems. Based on the analysis of bacterial community and adsorption properties, the results further indicated that the removal mechanism of between both systems was mainly due to substrate adsorption: the maximum adsorption capacity of on the substrate in mariculture wastewater was 5,432 mg kg−1, whereas that in domestic wastewater was 18,033 mg kg−1. In terms of bacterial communities, the dominant bacteria at the family level were Victivallaceae (18.63%) in domestic wastewater and Porphyromonadaceae (18.37%) in mariculture wastewater, which showed the significant alteration to the bacterial community. In conclusion, this study showed that conventional CW could be used for treating wastewater from land-based marine aquaculture, while the operating conditions needed to be optimized in the process of application.
The response of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in coking wastewater treatment after bioaugmentation with biosurfactant-producing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa S5
Authors: Zang Tingting , Wu Haizhen , Zhang Yuxiu , Wei Chaohai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that accumulate during the coking wastewater treatment process are hazardous for the surrounding environment. High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs account for more than 85% of the total PAHs in coking wastewater and sludge, respectively. The degradation of total PAHs increased by 18.97% due to the increased bioavailability of PAHs, after the biosurfactant-producing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa S5 was added. The toxicity of total PAHs to humans was reduced by 26.66% after inoculation with S5. The results suggest biosurfactant-producing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa S5 not only increase the biodegradation of PAHs significantly, but also have a better effect on reducing the human toxicity of PAHs. Kinetic analyses show that PAHs biodegradation fits to first-order kinetics. The degradation rate constant (k) value decreases as the number of PAH rings increases, indicating that HMW PAHs are more difficult to be biodegraded than low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs. The results indicate the bioaugmentation with the biosurfactant-producing strain has significant potential and utility in remediation of PAHs-polluted sites.
Development of a reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of human norovirus in bivalve molluscs
Authors: Lekshmi Manjusha , Kumar Sanath H. , Rajendran Kooloth Valappil , Nayak Binaya Bhusan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Noroviruses are significant seafood-borne pathogens, commonly associated with the consumption of filter feeding bivalve molluscs. Here, we report the development of a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method using primers based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of norovirus genogroup II (NoV GII). Samples of bivalves were processed for the concentration of virus and extraction of RNA, followed by reverse transcription PCR. A total of 50 molluscan shellfish samples were analyzed, of which 16 samples yielded positive amplifications of norovirus nucleic acid. The PCR method described here, involving a single set of primers, is useful for rapid screening of shellfish for NoV GII.
Application of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles for diclofenac adsorption: isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic investigation
Authors: Mohammadi Zahrasadat , Kelishami Ahmad Rahbar , Ashrafi Amir 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized to obtain a new efficient adsorbent for diclofenac sodium (DF) removal. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were applied to characterize the prepared adsorbent. These analyses revealed that adsorbent was successfully prepared with average particle diameter of about 50 nm and a BET surface area of 168.09 m2/g. The saturation magnetization value of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was found to be 24.90 emu/g, thus, adsorbent was efficiently separated from the solution by a facile and rapid magnetic separation process. The effect of adsorption time, amount of adsorbent, initial pH of the solution, initial diclofenac concentration and temperature on the removal of DF were evaluated. Also, the adsorption data were best fitted to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamics studies suggested spontaneous and exothermic adsorption. The maximum diclofenac adsorption amount of the synthesized nanoadsorbent was 52.91 mg/g, which is higher than many recently studied adsorbents.
PSIKOLOGI DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Rusli Indriani 
Published: February 2021

Landasan psikologi Islam adalah Al-Qur'an dan al-Hadits. Dalam Kitab Al-Qur'an banyak terdapat istilah-istilah dan penjelasan-penjelasan serta arahan yang berhubungan dengan psikologi. Pada hakikatnya psikologi Islam adalah kajian Islam yang berhubungan dengan aspek-aspek dan perilaku kejiwaan manusia, agar secara sadar ia dapat membentuk kualitas diri yang lebih sempurna dan mendapatkan kemuliaan hidup di dunia dan akhirat. Secara garis besar psikologi Islam adalah membangun ilmu psikologi yang berdasarkan Al-Qur'an dan Hadits serta ijma' para ulama.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pkn Siswa Kelas IV Semester Ganjil SD Negeri 8 Tianyar Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Mudana I Ketut 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian tindakan ini adalah mengkaji peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered (NHT). Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak dua putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: perencanaan kegiatan, pelaksanaan, observasi/evaluasi, dan refleksi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV semester ganjil SD Negeri 8 Tianyar Barat pada mata pelajaran PKn tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kuantitatif berupa hasil belajar yang dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen tes. Hasil yang diperoleh di analisis dengan analisis deskriptif. Setelah berakhir melakukan analisis data diketahui bahwa peningkatan hasil belajar sudah dapat diupayakan. Hal tersebut terbukti dari kenaikan nilai siswa dari rata-rata awal 58,25 dengan ketuntasan belajar 30% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 66,25 dengan ketuntasan belajar 65% dan pada siklus II sudah meningkat menjadi 75,25 dengan ketuntasan belajar 90 %. Data tersebut menuntut peneliti untuk membuat simpulan bahwa penerapan model koorperatif mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di kelas IV SD Negeri 8 Tianyar Barat.