bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural soil moisture sensor based on U-bend Plastic Optical Fibre (POF)
Authors: Marinah Murti , Husna Nadhifa Aqilla , Salam Hafiz , Hatta Agus Muhamad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil moisture has an essential role in agriculture. The growth of specific vegetation requires a certain level of soil moisture. Therefore, monitoring soil moisture is very important for farmers. In monitoring, the first essential component is the sensor. Nevertheless, the existing proper soil moisture sensor is an electric-based system sensor with low water resistance. It easily damaged in extreme environments which can reduce sensor ability. Based on these problems, we developed a soil moisture sensor based on plastic optical fibre with a U-bend structure. Optical fibre was developed as an alternative sensor due to low prices, immunity to water, and resistance to extreme conditions. U-bend optical fibre can measure soil moisture depends on changes in the refractive index. The changes of refractive index caused by changes in external force which causes a decrease in the optical fibre output power are following the concentration of water contained in the soil. Plastic material is used because of its high durability and high responsiveness in refractive index-based measurements. In this experiment, a plastic optical fibre with a U-bend radius of 30 mm and a wavelength of 930 nm is used. The result shows that the U-Bend structure plastic optical fibre sensor is highly potential to use as a soil moisture sensor with sensor sensitivity of 2.885x10 W/%VWC, R of 97.14%, and standard deviation of 0.6%.
Smart food packaging from sago starch incorporated with anthocyanin from Brassica oleracea
Authors: Hamzah N H C , Shaidi N A M , Merais M S , Khairuddin N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Smart packaging is a general term that refers to any material or system employed to detect, perceive, and record any changes during the life cycle of packaged foods or their surroundings. In this study, the pH indicator film developed from sago starch and natural colourants or anthocyanin extracted from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea). Incorporating anthocyanin into food package matrices applies the bio-switch concept, which aids automatic response to changes (external stimuli) in the environment. Consumers are extra alert to the freshness of the food based on the colour changes of the bio-switch system. The formulation of sago starch film incorporated with different concentrations of anthocyanin (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 %) was investigated. The sago starch-based film with anthocyanin showed colour variations in response to different pH. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the compatibility of the starch with the anthocyanin extract and film morphology. Chemical characterization of the synthesized films by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis (FTIR) showed no chemical changes when compared to the control film. However, the films showed a decreasing lightness trend when a higher concentration of anthocyanin was incorporated. Smart food packaging is a promising response to consumers’ demand for packaging that accommodates a hectic way of life and offers greater economic potential.
Ethnobotany of medicinal plant used by Sundanese Ethnic at Nyangkewok Hamlet, Kalaparea Village, Sukabumi District
Authors: Cita K D , Waluyo P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nyangkewok Hamlet community used medicinal plants and practices based on their local knowledge to treat and prevent various diseases. This study aimed to identify medicinal plants used by the Nyangkewok hamlet community who lives in Kalaparea Village. The research was conducted in February-May 2020. The field study was conducted from February-May 2020 in Kalaparea Village, Sukabumi District through in-depth interview and questionnaire then all information were written and documented. The result showed that 103 species of medicinal plants from 42 families. The highest frequency of plant parts used was leaf 52.02%. Based on ICS analysis the plant’s was categorized into high significance (16 species), moderate significance (25 species), low significance (33 species), and very low significance (29 species). The highest value of ICS was Zingiber officinale and the lowest value was Spilanthes acmella.
Parameter identification for the decision model of uncertainty price competition in food delivery services
Authors: Andriani D P , Kusuma L T W N , Rachman A B , Firdausa S Z , Azzahra A D , Fadhlurrahman Q A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The sharing economy innovation has created a new service industry sector, the ride-hailing industry. Government regulations regarding minimum tariffs change the competition map and uncertainty in that industry. This has led to predatory pricing, switching costs and pre-emptive duopoly. This study aims to determine the parameters that can affect the decision model in the uncertainty of price competition through factorial experiments. This study was conducted on two ride-hailing companies, which currently lead market share, thus establishing a duopoly market. There are many services offered by these companies. This study focuses on investigating food delivery services, which are one of the stable services during the Covid-19 pandemic. The approach that will be used in this research is a factorial experiment to determine what parameters can affect price determination with several uncertainty cases. The result is the identification of the optimal decision model, both parameters and levels in pricing. The implication of this study is fair competition for the welfare of society and the country.
A thematic analysis on work safety and ergonomics issues in Indonesian food-producing SMEs
Authors: Silalahi R L R , Ryan B , Cobb S , Houghton R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Food-producing SMEs in a developing country like Indonesia involve a lot of physical work, as most of them are operating with manual equipment with high involvement of humans as workers. Due to its manual characteristic, work safety and Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) are some major factors influencing the food-producing SMEs’ activities. The objective of this research was to understand work safety and ergonomics problems in the Indonesian food-producing SMEs. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 11 owners and workers of three different types of products of Indonesian food-producing SMEs. Thematic analysis on the interview identified themes and sub-themes related to work safety and ergonomics issues, explaining the experiences of Indonesian food-producing SMEs. These consultations indicated that there may be some unsafe conditions, exposure to various work hazards and ergonomics issues were found. The owners and workers of the SMEs seemed to be aware of the unsafe working conditions and ergonomics issues, though the reasons for why changes have not been implemented are not yet known. The owners and workers are keen on making improvements, but there are several limitations, e.g. inadequate understanding and cost consideration. This type of interview study has been effective in collecting opinions and explanations of working conditions from people with different perspectives of the food producing SMEs and the thematic analysis has increased understanding of the different factors that can affect safety in this type of work.
Controlling of pasteurized milk production using SPC and TRIZ
Authors: Sucipto S , Ria D R , Effendi U 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pasteurized milk has high nutrition, but it is perishable. Production controls are vital to secure nutrition, safety, and consumer satisfaction. This research supports the determination of protection during pasteurized milk production and provides appropriate repair approvals. The statistical process control (SPC) method determines the number of defects and their dominant causes and the Theory of Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch (TRIZ) approach to discuss appropriate solutions. The results showed that 92.5% of product defects consisted of inappropriate volumes of the cup. There are no sensors on the filling machine, incorrect tap and timer setting, inadequate lighting in the production room, and less conscientious labour. The TRIZ method can recognize the contradictions of proposed improvements in greater detail, namely an automatic level control system and improved lighting to control the production.
Comparison halal food regulation and practices to support halal tourism in Asia: A review
Authors: Nuraini S , Sucipto  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The number of Muslims in the world continues to increase. Projected in 2026, more than 230 million Muslim tourists will contribute US $ 300 billion to the global economy. Halal tourism is growing and becoming a new phenomenon through increased consumer knowledge and awareness of halal products and services. Halal guarantee, priority on food products, is an opportunity for business supporters. The Global Islamic Report approved total expenditure in the food sector to reach the US $ 1,303 billion and is projected to increase in 2023 by the US $ 1,863 billion. This paper compareshalal food product regulation and practices in several Asian countries using a systematic review method. These countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, and South Korea) are ranked in the top 10 by the Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI) based on the criteria of Accessibility, Communication, Environment, and Services in the category of “Muslim friendly destinations” in terms of Organization Islamic Cooperation (OIC)and non-OIC countries, with the largest number of Global Muslim Traveller tourists in the world. Halal product guarantees must be realized properly to increase the confidence of Muslim tourists in the food products of the country. The implementation of standards and regulations in each country is different. Each country develops halal and quality products in tourist destinations for Muslim Global tourists and increases the number of visits. Halal tourism has become one of the strategic sectors to increase the country and the people’s income in the country.
Integration of Halal Assurance System (HAS) in the Integrated Management System (IMS) to support food industry performance: a review
Authors: Puspaningtyas S D , Sucipto S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Halal products are in great demand by consumers all over the world. The implementation of the Halal Assurance System (HAS) in the food industry is expected to increase consumer confidence and company performance. Generally, the continuous application of the Integrated Management System (IMS) which consists of a quality management system, a safety management system, and an environmental management system is proven to improve business performance. The application of HAS in the food industry are rarely integrated with other management systems. This paper discusses the internal and external constraints and challenges of companies in implementing HAS in IMS. The IMS application affects company performance in productivity, quality, safety, financial, and decreasing risks. Opportunities for HAS integration in IMS are examined in more detail.
The effect of facilities layout and services on visitors’ comfort in Keboen Kopi Karanganjar Agro-tourism Blitar
Authors: Dewi H E , Adityawati R , Subagyo H S H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Facilities layout and services are supporting system in agro-tourism to increase visitors’ interest. This study aimed to analyze the effect of facilities layout and service on visitors’ comfort at Keboen Kopi Karanganjar Agro-tourism Blitar. There were 100 respondents selected, and the study used the accidental sampling method. The statistical tools used were the Structural Equation Model with Partial Least Square technique to find out the effect of facility layout and services (exogenous variable) on visitors’ comfort (endogenous variable). The results of the study showed that the variable of layout facilities had no significant effect on visitors’ comfort, while the services variable had a significant effect on visitors’ comfort. This study advices to repair of damaged roads, add driving directions, facilities renewal, one-way system improvement, add facilities such as entertainment, toilets, trash cans, and improve their services by upholding the attitude of being friendly, informative, and reliable.
Forecasting export demand for L-Lysine as animal feed product in PT X Indonesia
Authors: Ihwah A , Syafira R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PT X Indonesia is one of the foreign companies from South Korea that engaged in producing additional ingredients for animal feed. Located in Pasuruan-East Java, PT X is one of the industries producing L-Lysine and L-Tryptophan essential amino acids. L-Lysine and L-Tryptophan products are stimulants for animal feed which are exported to several countries. The planning of the production process is based on requests from the headquarters of PT X Indonesia in South Jakarta, Indonesia. To meet the needs of export products to several countries, PT X requires careful planning in providing the products. One of the determining factors in planning and providing products accurately, effectively, and efficiently is demand forecasting. This study aimed to forecast the export demand of L-Lysine. Historical data used for forecasting was time-series data from September 2019 to January 2020. The best ARIMA model combination chosen for forecasting was (1,0,1) because both the p-values for the AR and MA models are significant and it has the smallest Mean Square Error (MSE). Forecasting results use the ARIMA model showed that L-Lysine export for four weeks was in a range of 2,596.47 tons to 2,597.5 tons with a total of 10,387.9 tons and an average of 2,596.975 tons per week.
Revitalising the role of interconnectedness on agricultural innovation platform: A network analysis
Authors: Hardiyati R , Ariana L , Purwaningsih I 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInnovation platforms are widely benefited in agricultural research to connect different stakeholders to achieve common goals. This paper aims to discuss the analytical framework of network governance in enhancing the role of interconnectedness among relevant actors of innovation platforms in the agriculture sector. In facing the upcoming turbulence of the current pandemic, the agriculture sector as a backbone for food resilience at the national level should embrace an adaptive system for the future policy. This paper conducts a network analysis to emphasize the main actors working actively in providing innovative technology and agricultural products. There are three main actors identified in the conceptual framework of the innovation platform; research and development institution (RDI), government, and users/beneficiaries/farmers group. However, interconnectedness among actors is possibly coming from other partners such as intermediaries that relevant to the innovation system. With a case study from agricultural practice from research institutions, this research explores interconnectedness problem need to be addressed and supportive policies at local government level enabled social capital among actors. The result of analysis suggests that the degree of network to the business environment, tangible and intangible, determines the nature of engagement to result a successful model for innovation platform.
Cleaner production analysis of tofu small scale enterprise
Authors: Septifani R , Suhartini S , Perdana I J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Tofu has been consumed and favored by most Asians. Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics states that the average consumption of tofu in 2017 was about 0,15 kg/person/week. On the other hand, the higher level of tofu production, the level of waste contamination, is also higher. Therefore, cleaner production is one of the practical approaches to reduce tofu industry waste. This research aims to analyze the stages of tofu production in small scale enterprises which have the greatest volume of liquid waste, assess parameters that exceed the quality standard and determine the alternative of cleaner production strategies for tofu production. This research analyzed mass balance, Activity Relationship Chart, Activity Relationship Diagram, wastewater characteristics test, and alternative selection of cleaner production strategy with the pairwise comparison. This research found out that the stages that produced the most liquid waste were the treatment and waste disposal process. The highest priority and the possible alternative of cleaner production to be implemented were waste separation at each stage, wastewater recycles, and water vapor recycles.
Sorbitol production optimization in B2B industry with six sigma approach
Authors: Pariasa I I , Anam M A S , Hardana A E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine quality control in the sorbitol industry using the six-sigma method to determine the causes of wasteful production costs and factors that influence them. This research collected 300 data with the details of 150 data in each phase, before and after the implementation of improvement action, and interviewed 12 employees in the sorbitol department. Six sigma approach consists of five phases: define tested by statistic descriptive, measure analyzed by process capability, analyze phase analyzed by fishbone diagram and action priority matrix, improve analyzed by process capability, and control phase tested by X Bar R chart. The results of this study are DPMO (Defect Per Million Opportunity) decreased from 994,497 to 543,058, sigma level increased from - 1.04 to 1.39, standard deviation from 0.0072196 to 0.01, Pp (Process Performance) from 0.11 to 0.22, Ppk (Process Performance Index) from - 0.85 to 0.09, average reducing sugar from 0.11 to 0.14, and the use of nickel from 298 to 221 Kg.
The potential of dry fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) variety Lindak bean shell treated at different degrees of roasting as a functional food
Authors: Lembong E , Djali M , Zaida  , Utama G L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cocoa bean shell is a waste from the chocolate processing industry that has not been used optimally and still contains 5.78% polyphenols which has potential as a source of natural antioxidant compounds. The chocolate is processed in the industry with light, medium and high roasting, based on the desired product. The purpose of this study was to determine the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the dry fermented cocoa shells as a result of the best degree of roasting. The research method used was an experimental method using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments roasting dried fermented cocoa beans of Lindak varieties by using different degrees of roasting (Without roasting; low roasting (110°C for 35 minutes), medium roasting (140°C for 30 minutes), and high roasting (190°C for 15 minutes)) and repeated 3 times. The results showed the dry fermented cocoa shells of Lindak varieties by high roasting treatment has the best phenolic total (5.24%) and antioxidant activity (37.92 ppm).
Optimization of process temperature and time of vacuum drying for production of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) powder using response surface methodology
Authors: Prakoso R , Mubarok A Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cashew apple is a waste from cashew nut processing industry that is high in antioxidants. The cashew apple powder was dried using a vacuum dryer that aimed to create a functional product containing high antioxidant compounds. The objective of this study was to optimize vacuum drying conditions for the production of cashew apple powder using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effect of process temperature (55-65°C) and time (9-15 h) on some characteristics (vitamin C content, antioxidant activity, water content, and color changes) of cashew apple powder were analyzed. A Central Composite Design was used to develop models for the responses. The optimum condition of the vacuum drying process was obtained at a drying temperature of 60.1°C and drying time of 11.4 hours. The optimum combination resulted in cashew apple powder with vitamin C content of 118.5 mg/100g, antioxidant activity (IC50) of 70.6 ppm, water content of 11.4%, and total color difference (ΔE) of 8.8. A validation experiment was conducted at the obtained optimum condition and the results showed that no significant difference between the actual and predicted values based on paired t-test (p > 0.05). In conclusion, cashew apple powder is a good source of vitamin C and antioxidant compounds.
Effect of blanching and solar energy-based drying models on the quality of dried shredded apples
Authors: Mardiyani S A , Susilowati D , Ulfah M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to find the best technology model to produce high-quality dried shredded apples as the resources of apple tea with the concept of green technology based on solar energy. Apple tea is a beverage product originated from Batu, Malang that is starting to be in high public demand because of its practical, sweet-scented nature and is believed to have a high content of apple antioxidants. This study determined the physical, nutritional, and bioactive changes resulting from the drying process of shredded apples, which were treated by blanching and non-blanching pre-treatment and dried using indirect convective solar drying and open sun drying. Blanched-shredded apples that were dried using an indirect convective solar dryer had the best vitamin C content and lowest mechanical damage, so it is prospective to be developed on a commercial scale as a raw material of apple tea.
The effect of leaf age and drying method on physico-chemical characteristics of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) leaves powder
Authors: Adhamatika A , Murtini E S , Sunarharum W B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Pandanus amaryllifolius leaves contain chlorophyll as green pigment and volatile compounds in the form of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline which can give color and aroma to food products. Following the zero waste concept, the general purpose of this research to convert pandan leaves into a powder so that it can be fully utilized. The specific purpose to investigate the effect of age of leaves and drying methods on the physicochemical of pandan leaves powder. Pandan leaves powder was made from young and old with 3 drying methods that were cabinet, vacuum, and freeze drying. The result showed the age of leaves and drying method had a significant effect on moisture content, ash content, density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, pH, color, total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, and antioxidant IC50. Pandan leaves powder from old leaves and vacuum drying had the highest total chlorophyll, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity than others.
The concentration of sago flour to taro-mung bean composite flour on the quality of non-gluten biscuits
Authors: Puspitasari D , Noerhartati E , Revitriani M , Rejeki F S , Wedowati E R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The utilization of local raw materials, such as taro, avoids the gluten content usually found in wheat flour and creates innovation in the product development of biscuits. Taro has low protein content, thus requires the addition of other ingredients to meet the quality of the biscuits. The material used as a source of protein is mung bean flour. Besides, sago flour was used to improve the texture for being softer and crisp. The addition of sago flour also functions as an adhesive to replace the gluten found in wheat flour. This study aimed to determine the concentration of sago flour in biscuits of taro-mung bean composite flour that meet the quality standards of biscuits. The concentration of sago flour to taro-mung bean composite flour consists of four levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%). The results showed that the selected treatment was the concentration of sago flour of 60%, with a total expected value of 6.10. Characteristics of the selected product include water content of 1.78%, carbohydrates of 63.55%, protein of 3.15%, fat of 29.86%, ash of 1.61%, the acceptance level of taste of 73.3%, color of 96.7%, and aroma of 90.0%.