bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognition, métacognition, éducation : l’approche intégrative de l’Atelier d’Apprentissage
Authors: Hessels-Schlatter Christine , Hessels Marco , Brandon Sophie 
Published: October 2021

L’Atelier d’Apprentissage est un service spécialisé dans la remédiation des problèmes d’apprentissage. L’approche développée est un exemple d’intégration des apports des sciences cognitives aux questions éducatives. Cette contribution décrit notre approche globale et intégrative d’intervention ainsi que ses caractéristiques principales : 1) une perspective résolument métacognitive tant dans ses objectifs que dans ses méthodes d’intervention pour la remédiation des processus de pensée et d’apprentissage ; 2) l’accent mis sur la promotion du transfert des compétences acquises au contexte de vie propre à l’apprenant (école, travail, vie quotidienne). Les apports d’une analyse cognitive des tâches pour optimiser le transfert des apprentissages, ainsi que pour développer de manière efficace les compétences en lecture des personnes avec déficience intellectuelle seront illustrés.
The Effect of Ivabradine on Hospitalization of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Al-Balushi Sara , Alam Mohammed Fasihul , Abid Abdul Rehman , Sharfi Amal 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Ivabradine is recommended in heart failure (HF) patients to reduce cardiovascular death and hospitalization due to worsening of HF symptoms.

Aims and Objectives:
To study the effect of Ivabradine in addition to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in a group of HF patients with HR more than 70 bpm, HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%), and New York Heart Association class II-IV.

Methods:
The study was conducted at Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar. HF patients with age > 18 years, LVEF ≤40%, on GDMT, and HR of ≥70 bpm were included. The study population was divided into two groups: ivabradine group and non-ivabradine group. The primary outcomes were risk, number and length of hospitalizations due to worsening HF, and cardiovascular mortality. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Baseline characteristics were collected at enrollment. Study outcomes were compared in the two groups by applying Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression model was applied to assess both hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality.

Results:
A total of 111 patients were studied, 37 (33.94%) ivabradine group and 74 (66.67%) non-ivabradine group. Risk of hospitalization was lower in Ivabradine group compared to non-Ivabradine group (odds ratio: 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–1.015, P = 0.094). Average length of hospitalization in ivabradine and non-ivabradine groups was 12.54 and 8.91 days, respectively (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.79–3.38, P = 0.187). Compared to non-ivabradine, ivabradine patients had lower number of hospitalizations (IRR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.61–2.11, P = 0.694). Death rate in both ivabradine and non-ivabradine groups was 3.

Conclusions:
Ivabradine along with GDMT reduces the risk of hospitalization due to worsening HF symptoms. Ivabradine had no significant effect on cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. HFrEF non-Arabs patients have lower risk, number and length of hospitalization, and mortality compared to Arabs.
Training nonspecialists in clinical evaluation for telepsychiatry using videoconferencing
Authors: Malhotra Savita , Chakrabarti Subho , Gupta Aarzoo , Sharma Kanupriya , Sharma Minali 
Published: October 2021

Aims:
Videoconferencing-based telepsychiatry has been used successfully for the assessment and management of psychiatric disorders. However, training mental health professionals through videoconferencing has seldom been attempted. Online decision support systems for diagnosing psychiatric disorders had been developed earlier at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, as a part of a project for delivering telepsychiatric services to remote areas. The feasibility of videoconferencing for training nonspecialist staff in the use of the online tool to diagnose psychiatric disorders was examined. The effectiveness of training was evaluated using ratings of diagnostic agreement between trainees and trainers and estimations of training costs.

Methods:
The Skype platform was used for videoconferences (VCs). Broadband internet connections had bandwidths of 4 mbps and speeds of 512 kbps. A total of 62 training sessions were conducted by the PGIMER team for remote-site teams using role-play techniques and actual patient interviews.

Results:
Videoconferencing-based training was considered to be convenient, satisfactory, and useful by all the participants. Diagnostic agreement between trainees and trainers was 89%–100%. Such training also appeared to be cost-effective. The main problems encountered were poor connectivity and poor audiovisual quality of the VCs.

Conclusions:
Videoconferencing can be feasible and effective for training nonspecialists to diagnose psychiatric disorders.
Coronary Collateral Circulation in Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Sarojadevi Ashida Thulaseedharan , Venugopal Vinayagamoorthy 
Published: October 2021

Context:
A study on the pattern of coronary collateral circulation is relevant in coronary artery disease (CAD) where despite advances in revascularization, the prevalence of heart failure is increasing.

Aims:
The aim was to study the pattern of coronary collateral circulation in acute, subacute, and chronic coronary total occlusions and to find out the association between collateral grade with the severity of CAD.

Settings and Design:
This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study of 141 patients with acute, subacute, or chronic total occlusion of coronaries detected by coronary angiography.

Subjects and Methods:
Data of 141 patients with total occlusion of coronaries detected by coronary angiography were analyzed. Collateral grading was done according to the Rentrop classification and Werner classification. The severity of CAD was assessed using Gensini score and Syntax score. Pattern of collateral circulation in different types of coronary occlusions and the association between collateral grade and severity of CAD were assessed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The association of categorical clinical and angiographic features with type of occlusion was tested using Chi-square test and that of continuous variable with student t-test. All tests were two tailed and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Young patients presented predominantly with acute coronary occlusions (82.6%). About 73% of the patients with left ventricle (LV) dysfunction had acute coronary occlusions. Nearly 68.8% of patients with poor Rentrop collateral grades had LV dysfunction. Patients with acute occlusion had low atherosclerotic burden as evidenced by lower Gensini and Syntax scores and had poor coronary collaterals. No significant correlation was seen between Gensini and Syntax scores and collateral grade. Patients who presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) had poor Rentrop collaterals and higher prevalence of single-vessel disease and double-vessel diseases when compared to those with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome and chronic stable angina.

Conclusions:
Young male patients with low atherosclerotic burden tend to present with acute coronary occlusions. This subgroup has poor collateral circulation and LV dysfunction. No statistically significant difference was seen in the presence of diabetes, hypertension, number of epicardial coronary artery involvement, or the severity of CAD in the STEMI patients with good or poor Rentrop collaterals.
Comparative Study of Implant Site Assessment Using CBCT, Tomography and Panoramic Radiography
Authors: Choudhary Anand , Kesarwani Pallavi , Verma Saumya , Srikrishna K. , Nandi Devarshi , Srishti  
Published: October 2021

Aim:
The present study was done to evaluate the accuracy of panoramic radiography (OPG), conventional cross sectional tomography (CCST) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to precisely portray structures in the posterior mandible.

Materials and Methods:
The present in-vitro study was performed on 42 edentulous human mandibles. A region 2cm behind the mental foramen was imaged using an OPG machine followed by imaging the same region using CCST function of the same OPG machine and CBCT. The distances from the alveolar crest to superior margin of the mandibular canal and alveolar crest to the lower border of mandible were measured in radiographs obtained by the three modalities. This step was followed by the comparison of the measurements performed in the cut-section of the mandible considered as Gold Standard.

Results:
The measurements done in the images obtained by OPG machine exceeded the values of gold standard by a mean of 2.69 mm ± 2.27 mm and 5.84 mm± 0.89 mm respectively. Similarly in CCST function and CBCT images, the measurements exceeded by 4.95 mm ± 2.35mm, 9.55mm ±1.25mm and 0.24mm ±0.20mm, 0.20mm ± 0.13mm respectively. The differences between the measurements made in radiographs and cut section were statistically significant.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that the measurements made by CBCT images were more precise, in addition CBCT images were also helpful in accurate three dimensional localization of the mandibular canal.
Comparison of Efficacy of Combination Therapy (Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Topical Steroid) with Topical Steroid Therapy only in Patients with Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus – In vivo Study
Authors: Jain Richa , Mhapuskar Amit Anil , Prasad Hiremutt Darshan R , Kale Isha , Kalyanpur Kedarnath , Bhadani Harshit 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
To compare the efficacy of combination therapy (low level laser therapy [LLLT] and topical steroids) with topical steroid therapy alone in individuals with symptomatic oral lichen planus.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on 30 patients who reported to our department with clinically and histologically proven symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP). All the patients were assessed for the criteria of outcome—pain, burning sensation, size of the lesion, clinical resolution, and recurrence. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups each comprising of 15 patients. Group I (study group) patients received a combination of topical steroid and LLLT while Group II (control group) patients received only topical steroid therapy.

Results:
A significant pain and burning sensation reduction were found in the patients who were given LLLT (P: 0.05). There was a decrease in the size of the lesion which was statistically significant. A complete clinical resolution was achieved and only 11% recurrence occurred in the study group. This therapy appears to be effective in patients with symptomatic OLP.

Conclusion:
The LLLT therapy appears to be useful in relieving pain and burning sensation, reduction in the size of the lesion, with complete clinical resolution and minimal recurrence, and hence, can be considered as a valuable aid in managing symptomatic OLP. Thus, the LLLT therapy serves as a potent and independent therapeutic modality in symptomatic OLP.
Diagnostic Reporting of Calcified Carotid Atheroma in Digital Panoramic Radiograph – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sadaksharam Jayachandran , Kathiresan Iswarya 
Published: October 2021

Context:
Cerebrovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death in many countries.

Aim:
To evaluate the presence of calcified carotid atheroma in digital panoramic radiographs, thereby referring the patients to cardiology for early management and prevention of stroke.

Settings and Design:
Hospital- based, cross- sectional retrospective study.

Materials and Methods:
The study design included 1000 digital panoramic radiographs taken for the needful patients in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology for a period of one year from November 2018 to October 2019. Two examiners (experienced maxillofacial radiologists) evaluated the presence of calcified carotid atheroma in panoramic radiographs.

Results:
Out of 1000 digital panoramic radiographs, 39 panoramic radiographs were found to have the presence of calcified carotid atheroma, of which 9 were male and 30 were female panoramic radiographs. The prevalence was found to be higher in the age group between 45 to 54 years.

Conclusion:
Panoramic radiographs help to assess the presence of calcified carotid atheromas. Careful evaluation of panoramic radiographs by maxillofacial radiologists for carotid atheromas could be life-saving in the prevention of stroke.
Association of Pulp Stones among Patients with Addictive Habits – A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Karemore Tapasya , Banubakode Trushita , Motwani Mukta , Dhole Apeksha , Muneshwar Rutuja 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
The study aimed to determine the association of pulp stones among patients with addictive habits in comparison with healthy individuals without any addictive habits.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 240 patients were included in the study, i.e., 120 patients with addictive habits and 120 healthy individuals without addictive habits. Bite-wing projection of the intact or sound teeth of one side, i.e., either right or left side of the first and second molars of the upper and lower arch was obtained. The presence or absence of pulp stones was observed for the selected teeth. The Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate and compare the occurrence of pulp stones among patients with addictive habits and healthy individuals of a similar age group.

Results:
Of the 960 teeth examined from both groups, 111 (11.56%) teeth had pulp stones. Pulp stones were observed among 43 patients with addictive habits and in 30 healthy individuals. The occurrence of pulp stones was higher in the first molar followed by the second molar and in the maxillary than in the mandibular arch.

Conclusions:
No significant association was observed with the occurrence of pulp stones among patients with addictive habits, but a significant association was noted with respect to duration of habit.
Vitamin D and Liver Enzymes' Levels in Libyans with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ElJilani Mouna Mohamed , Alemam Hafsa A. , Bashein Abdulla 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Many epidemiological studies reported the association of Vitamin D deficiency and abnormal liver enzymes' levels with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their findings remain inconsistent.

Aim:
The study investigated the status of both Vitamin D levels and liver enzymes' activity in a Libyan population with T2D.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 180 individuals of both genders whose ages ranged between 25 and 62 years were enrolled. Fasting blood sugar, (FBS), Vitamin D, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured in patients' serum. The association of both Vitamin D and liver enzymes levels with T2D was evaluated by Chi-square analyses.

Results:
55.6% of the study subjects were diabetics and 44.4% were healthy controls. 100% of T2D patients had deficient Vitamin D level (<20 ng/ml) (P = 0.000). The mean Vitamin D level was higher in nondiabetics (39.1 ± 4.0) ng/ml than in T2D patients (7.4 ± 1.8) ng/ml. 98% (P = 0.068), 97% (P = 0.118), and 100% of T2D patients had normal levels of AST, ALP, and ALT enzymes, respectively. The mean AST, ALP, and ALT enzymes levels for nondiabetics were 30.3 ± 4.1, 58.7 ± 8.0, and 24.8 ± 4.9 U/L, respectively. The mean AST, ALP, and ALT enzymes levels for T2D patients were 11.3 ± 2.9, 125.0 ± 11.5, and 10.3 ± 1.7 U/L, respectively.

Conclusions:
Vitamin D deficiency may be related to T2D in the Libyan population, while the liver enzymes showed no significant differences between diabetics and nondiabetics.
Grassroots sexual and reproductive rights interventions on sexual risk behavior among female sex workers in Nigeria
Authors: Ochonye Bartholomew B. , Abiodun Paul O. , Sanni Felix O. , Tewobola Olufunke , Alamu Tolu A. , Ogbonna Ngozika 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Sexual reproductive health and rights (SRHR) involve access to accurate information, rights-based quality, safe, effective, affordable, and acceptable health-care services at all levels that cover the sexual and reproductive needs of the individual and community irrespective of social, sex, gender, and other differences.

Objective:
This study aims at assessing the grassroots interventions on the knowledge of rights, access, and uptake of sexual reproductive health (SRH) services among female sex workers (FSWs) in Benue State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional survey is a randomized cluster sampling among FSWs in Benue State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents, and the data collected were analyzed using IBM-SPSS Corp., Armonk, NY, version 25.0. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Respondents were 446 FSWs aged 15–45 years, comprising 223 FSWs at baseline and post-intervention. Significantly higher intervention respondents (84.4%) use condoms while drunk compared with 56.1% at the baseline (P < 0.0001). Overall, 70.0% used lubricants in the past 12 months in the post-intervention study, whereas only 47.5% used them in the baseline study (P < 0.0001). Generally, 21.1% indulged in anal sex, and there was no significant difference between the baseline and intervention (P > 0.05). Virtually all respondents (96.0%) used any contraceptive methods in the intervention period compared with 68.6% at the baseline (P < 0.001). The intervention respondents were 11.84 (95% CI: 4.98–28.16; P < 0.0001) times more likely to use any contraceptive method than their baseline counterparts. The intervention respondents were 2.22 (95% CI: 1.51–3.27; P < 0.0001) times more likely to use emergency contraceptives than their baseline counterparts.

Conclusion:
This study showed the positive outcomes of grassroots interventions involving FSWs in Benue State, Nigeria. Such interventions should be extended to other key populations in Nigeria.
A comparative evaluation of Typhidot and Widal tests for the detection of agglutinins against typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli in patients’ sera
Authors: Singh Raksha , Singh Gurjeet 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The term enteric fever includes typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella paratyphi A, B, and C. Typhoid fever has been virtually eliminated in the developed countries during the past several decades, mainly as a result of improvement in water supply and sanitation, but it continues to be endemic in the resource-limited nations of the world. The control of paratyphoid fever has not been so successful. Bacteriological diagnosis of enteric fever consists of isolation of the bacilli from the patients and the demonstration of antibodies in their sera. Widal testing is cost-effective and gives reports quickly. The Typhidot test is based on the method of immunochromatography test. It is easy to perform, and the results can be preserved for a long time. This study aims to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the Widal test and Typhidot test for the diagnosis of enteric fever.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology, N.C. Medical College and Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India, over 6 months from September 2020 to February 2021. In our study, a total of 150 clinically suspected patients were included. First of all, the area for blood collection was cleaned with spirit-soaked cotton and 10 mL of blood was collected with a sterile disposable needle and syringe from a median cubital vein (antecubital vein) of each patient after obtaining informed consent from the patient (from parents in case of age below 18 years). Seven milliliters of blood was immediately transferred to a blood culture bottle by cleaning the cap of the bottle for isolation and identification of causative organisms and 3 mL was transferred to a sterile plain vial for serum separation. Then the qualitative Widal slide agglutination test and Typhidot test were performed on each sample.

Results:
In the present study, out of the 150 clinically suspected enteric fever cases, maximum positivity 53 (35.33%) was given by the Typhidot test, followed by 36 (24%) given by the qualitative Widal slide agglutination test and 44 (29.33%) given by blood culture for S. typhi and S. paratyphi.

Conclusion:
Our study highlights the use of Typhidot for early diagnosis of enteric fever and also cross-checks with Widal test and blood culture for the diagnosis of enteric fever. Typhidot tests are easy to perform and less-trained personnel can also perform the test; they have been designed to detect IgM and IgG antibodies to lipopolysaccharide or outer membrane protein antigens of S. typhi and S. paratyphi. It can be useful in the early diagnosis of infection in the initial weeks of primary infection when a single serum sample is available, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 80%, respectively, considering blood culture as a gold standard.
Impact of under-five mortality on economic growth and health-care expenditures in India
Authors: Chinnaiyan Saravanan , Babu Bhavya , Ghimire Ananta 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Under-five mortalities are the significant vital indicators of the population health condition and the social development of the country. Child survival is measured by the under-five mortality rate (U5MR). It also reflects the social, economic, and environmental circumstances, as well as their health care. Our main objective is to determine the impact of the U5MR on economic growth changes and health-care expenditure and examine the sex difference trend of under-five mortalities.

Materials and Methods:
We have retrieved data from World Bank Indicators from 2005 to 2017, with under-five mortality as the independent variable and health expenditure as a dependent variable. We used correlation analysis to assess the impact of under-five mortalities on economic growth and health-care expenditure in Rstudio (open-source software).

Results:
The U5MR was higher in females than in males. The correlation of mortality rate, under-five (per 1000 live births) with current health expenditure per capita, domestic general government health expenditure per capita, and domestic private health expenditure per capita was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Accordingly, political stability, effective social sector policies, and government interventions are essential for reducing under-five mortality. The human health force’s participation in macro and micro policy-making is also necessary, and other determinants of health-care expenses should be critically examined.
Knowledge and Awareness of Pregnancy-Related Hypertension and Utilization of Exercises as its Preventive Strategies
Authors: Ojukwu Chidiebele Petronilla , Ezeigwe Anne Uruchi , Madu Obiageli Theresa , Mba Chidinma Goodness , Nseka Elizabeth Godwin 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Pregnancy-related hypertension (PRH) is the leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Knowledge and prevention strategy of PRH among pregnant women is imperative to promote favourable outcomes. This study examined the knowledge and awareness of PRH, including exercises as a preventive strategy and factors related to it, among pregnant women in Enugu, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
The study utilized a cross-sectional design. A structured questionnaire guided the collection of data from a sample of 296 women aged 18 years and above in multiple centres across the state.

Results:
68.6% of respondents know PRH, while 52.36% know antenatal exercises as a preventive strategy for PRH. The level of education and maternal age were factors significantly associated with knowledge of PRH and exercises as a preventive strategy, respectively.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that knowledge of PRH is high, while the knowledge and use of exercises to prevent the condition is average among expectant mothers.