bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intellectual humility in mathematics
Authors: Rittberg Colin Jakob 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper I explore how intellectual humility manifests in mathematical practices. To do this I employ accounts of this virtue as developed by virtue epistemologists in three case studies of mathematical activity. As a contribution to a Topical Collection on virtue theory of mathematical practices this paper explores in how far existing virtue-theoretic frameworks can be applied to a philosophical analysis of mathematical practices. I argue that the individual accounts of intellectual humility are successful at tracking some manifestations of this virtue in mathematical practices and fail to track others. There are two upshots to this. First, the accounts of the intellectual virtues provided by virtue epistemologists are insightful for the development of a virtue theory of mathematical practices but require adjustments in some cases. Second, the case studies reveal dimensions of intellectual humility virtue epistemologists have thus far overlooked in their theoretical reflections.
Metabolic fingerprinting for discrimination of DNA-authenticated Atractylodes plants using 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Shirahata Tatsuya , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Kudo Teruhisa , Takada Yumiko , Hoshino Azusa , Taga Yui , Minakuchi Yusaku , Hasegawa Tomoko , Horiguchi Rina , Hirayama Takehiro , Konishi Takahiro , Takemoto Hiroaki , Sato Noriko , Aragane Masako , Oikawa Tetsuro , Odaguchi Hiroshi , Hanawa Toshihiko , Kodaira Eiichi , Fukuda Tatsuo , Kobayashi Yoshinori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Identifying different species of the genus Atractylodes which are commonly used in Chinese and Japanese traditional medicine, using chromatographic approaches can be difficult. 1H NMR metabolic profiling of DNA-authenticated, archived rhizomes of the genus Atractylodes was performed for genetic and chemical evaluation. The ITS region of the nuclear rDNA was sequenced for five species, A. japonica, A. macrocephala, A. lancea, A. chinensis, and A. koreana. Our samples had nucleotide sequences as previously reported, except that part of the A. lancea cultivated in Japan had a type 5, hybrid DNA sequence. Principal component analysis (PCA) using 1H NMR spectra of extracts with two solvent systems (CD3OD, CDCl3) was performed. When CDCl3 extracts were utilized, the chemometric analysis enabled the identification and classification of Atractylodes species according to their composition of major sesquiterpene compounds. The 1H NMR spectra using CD3OD contained confounding sugar peaks. PCA removal of these peaks gave the same result as that obtained using CDCl3 and allowed species distinction. Such chemometric methods with multivariate analysis of NMR spectra will be useful for the discrimination of plant species, without specifying the index components and quantitative analysis on multi-components.

Graphic abstract
Supporting interdisciplinary collaborative concept mapping with individual preparation phase
Authors: Tan Esther , de Weerd Jacob Gerolf , Stoyanov Slavi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConcept mapping facilitates the externalisation and internalisation of knowledge by individuals during collaborative knowledge construction. However, not much is known about the individual and collaborative learning processes during collaborative concept mapping (CCM) in interdisciplinary knowledge construction. Premised on literature on collaboration scripts to scaffold the collaboration process, this study investigates the effect of an individual preparation phase prior to collaborative work on the epistemic and social processes of knowledge co-construction, as well as the degree of interdisciplinary knowledge integration in collaborative concept mapping. A total of N = 42 third year university students were put into one of the two experimental conditions: with individual preparation phase (WIP) and without individual preparation phase (WOIP). Students worked on a collaborative assignment to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge in collaborative concept mapping. Data for analysis was derived from audio recordings of the collaborative discourse in both experimental conditions. Chi-square test was conducted to investigate if there were significant differences between the effects of WIP and WOIP on the epistemological and social dimension. Findings showed that groups in the WIP condition showed significantly more verification, clarification and positioning statements in the epistemic dimension and also significantly more integration-oriented and conflict-oriented consensus building in the social dimension as compared to groups in the WOIP condition. On the degree of interdisciplinary knowledge integration, independent sample t-tests showed that there was no significant difference for concepts, domains and cross-links between the two experimental conditions. However, there was significant difference in types of cross-links for the CCMs in the WIP condition.
The role of renewables in the Japanese power sector: implications from the EMF35 JMIP
Authors: Shiraki Hiroto , Sugiyama Masahiro , Matsuo Yuhji , Komiyama Ryoichi , Fujimori Shinichiro , Kato Etsushi , Oshiro Ken , Silva Diego Herran 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Japanese power system has unique characteristics with regard to variable renewable energies (VREs), such as higher costs, lower potentials, and less flexibility with the grid connection compared to other major greenhouse-gas-emitting countries. We analyzed the role of renewable energies (REs) in the future Japanese power sector using the results from the model intercomparison project Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) 35 Japan Model Intercomparison Project (JMIP) using varying emission reduction targets and key technological conditions across scenarios. We considered the uncertainties for future capital costs of solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and batteries in addition to the availability of nuclear and carbon dioxide capture and storage. The results show that REs supply more than 40% of electricity in most of the technology sensitivity scenarios (median 51.0%) when assuming an 80% emission reduction in 2050. The results (excluding scenarios that assume the continuous growth of nuclear power and/or the abundant availability of domestic biomass and carbon-free hydrogen) show that the median VRE shares reach 52.2% in 2050 in the 80% emission reduction scenario. On the contrary, the availability of newly constructed nuclear power, affordable biomass, and carbon-free hydrogen can reduce dependence on VREs to less than 20%. The policy costs were much more sensitive to the capital costs and resource potential of VREs than the battery cost uncertainties. Specifically, while the doubled capital costs of VRE resulted in a 13.0% (inter-model median) increase in the policy cost, the halved capital costs of VREs reduced 8.7% (inter-model median) of the total policy cost. These results imply that lowering the capital costs of VREs would be effective in achieving a long-term emission reduction target considering the current high Japanese VRE costs.
A Review of Complement Activation in SLE
Authors: Weinstein Arthur , Alexander Roberta V. , Zack Debra J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Complement activation is a key event in the pathogenesis of tissue inflammation and injury in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review is aimed at comparing the usefulness of measurement of complement proteins in serum/plasma (C3, C4) to complement activation (split) products in plasma and on circulating blood cells for SLE diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prognosis.

Recent Findings
Complement split products, C3dg, iC3b, and C4d, are elevated in SLE, and C3dg/C3 and iC3b/C3 ratios correlate with active SLE. C4d also is higher in patients with lupus nephritis. An elevated level of the alternative pathway split product, Bb, in early lupus pregnancy is a predictor of adverse outcomes in SLE patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Elevated levels of cell-bound complement activation products (CB-CAPs), namely, B cell-bound C4d (BC4d) and erythrocyte-bound C4d (EC4d), within a multiparameter assay panel, may predict transition to SLE more than other lupus biomarkers. EC4d better correlates with lupus disease activity than low plasma complement levels. Elevated platelet-bound C4d (PC4d) correlates with thrombosis in SLE. Both EC4d and PC4d are increased in primary and secondary anti-phospholipid syndrome, and anti-beta2glycoproteinI antibodies may directly activate the complement system.

Summary
Abnormal levels of plasma complement split products and CB-CAPs support complement activation as an important pathogenetic mechanism in SLE and the antiphospholipid syndromes. These tests show promise for the diagnosis of SLE and monitoring of disease activity.
Application of back-propagation neural networks in the distribution of oil sand reservoirs—a case study from the western slope of the Songliao Basin, China
Authors: Sun Jing , Zhao Yuting , Yang ChangQing , Shan Xuanlong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh-quality hydrocarbon source rocks are present in the upper Cretaceous layer in the western slope of the Songliao Basin. Oil and gas have accumulated in these rocks at the shallow edge of the basin, which has led to the formation of oil sand resources. This study uses the back-propagation (BP) neural network method to predict the distribution of oil sand reservoirs and is the first study of its kind in China. First, based on the basic data collected by core sample, well log and geochemical analyses, and the reasonable selection of samples, the cores are divided into mudstone, siltstone, fine sandstone, medium sandstone, and sand, according to lithology. Second, a three-layer BP neural network model is constructed with two hidden S-type layers and one linear output layer. Third, through a comparison of the effect of different numbers of training sessions of the sample data, we demonstrate that the accuracy of the model can be increased to 90% after training the network 100,000 times. Then, the log-derived data of rocks with unknown lithologies are input into the neural network to predict whether they contain oil sands. We show that the BP neural network method can predict the distribution of oil sand reservoirs in the target horizon of the study area, and the results are consistent with research results on the corresponding sand reservoirs and sedimentary facies. Thus, we conclude that it is feasible to use the BP neural network method to predict the distribution of oil sand reservoirs.
Electron Beam Susceptibility of Enteric Viruses and Surrogate Organisms on Fruit, Seed and Spice Matrices
Authors: Butot Sophie , Galbusera Luca , Putallaz Thierry , Zuber Sophie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to use high-energy electron beam (HEEB) treatments to find surrogate microorganisms for enteric viruses and to use the selected surrogates as proof of concept to investigate low-energy electron beam (LEEB) treatments for enteric virus inactivation at industrial scale on frozen blueberries. Six food matrices inoculated with HAV (hepatitis A virus), MNV S99 (murine norovirus), bacteriophages MS2 and Qβ, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores were treated with HEEB at 10 MeV using 4, 8 and 16 kGy doses. G. stearothermophilus spores showed the highest inactivation on all matrices except on raisins, with a dose-dependent effect. HAV reached the maximum measurable log10 reduction (> 3.2 log10) when treated at 16 kGy on raisins. MNV showed the highest resistance of all tested microorganisms, independent of the dose, except on frozen blueberries. On frozen blueberries, freeze-dried raspberries, sesame seeds and black peppercorns, HAV showed a mean inactivation level in between those of MS2 and G. stearothermophilus. Based on this, we selected both surrogate organisms as first approximation to estimate HAV inactivation on frozen blueberries during LEEB treatment at 250 keV using 16 kGy. Reductions of 3.1 and 1.3 log10 were measured for G. stearothermophilus spores and MS2, respectively, suggesting that a minimum reduction of 1.4 log10 can be expected for HAV under the same conditions.
Circulating microRNAs associated with prediabetes and geographic location in Latinos
Authors: Flowers Elena , Ramírez-Mares Juan-Daniel , Velazquez-Villafaña Marion , Rangel-Salazar Ruben , Sucher Anatol , Kanaya Alka M. , Aouizerat Bradley E. , de la Vega Monroy Maria Luisa Lazo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Globally, type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent in individuals of Latino ancestry. The reasons underlying this high prevalence are not well understood, but both genetic and lifestyle factors are contributors. Circulating microRNAs are readily detectable in blood and are promising biomarkers to characterize biological responses (i.e., changes in gene expression) to lifestyle factors. Prior studies identified relationships between circulating microRNAs and risk for type 2 diabetes, but Latinos have largely been under-represented in these study samples.

Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to assess for differences in expression levels of three candidate microRNAs (miR-126, miR-146, miR-15) between individuals who had prediabetes compared to normal glycemic status and between individuals who self-identified with Latino ancestry in the United States (US) and native Mexicans living in or near Leon, Mexico.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that included 45 Mexicans and 21 Latino participants from the US. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dL or 2-h post-glucose challenge between 140 and 199 mg/dL. Expression levels of microRNAs from plasma were measured by qPCR. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess relationships between individual microRNAs and glycemic status or geographic site.

Results
None of the three microRNAs was associated with risk for type 2 diabetes. MiR-146a and miR-15 were significantly lower in the study sample from Mexico compared to the US. There was a significant interaction between miR-146a and BMI associated with fasting blood glucose.

Conclusions/interpretation
This study did not replicate in Latinos prior observations from other racial groups of associations between miR-126, miR-146a, and miR-15 and risk for type 2 diabetes. Future studies should consider other microRNAs related to different biological pathways as possible biomarkers for type 2 diabetes in Latinos.
Applications of sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy in friction interface
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Liu Mengmeng , Zhang Caixia , Chu Hongyan , Ma Liran , Cheng Qiang , Cai Hongyun , Chen Junmin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is a second-order nonlinear optical spectroscopy technique. Owing to its interfacial selectivity, SFG vibrational spectroscopy can provide interfacial molecular information, such as molecular orientations and order, which can be obtained directly, or molecular density, which can be acquired indirectly. Interfacial molecular behaviors are considered the basic factors for determining the tribological properties of surfaces. Therefore, owing to its ability to detect the molecular behavior in buried interfaces in situ and in real time, SFG vibrational spectroscopy has become one of the most appealing technologies for characterizing mechanisms at friction interfaces. This paper briefly introduces the development of SFG vibrational spectroscopy and the essential theoretical background, focusing on its application in friction and lubrication interfaces, including film-based, complex oil-based, and water-based lubricating systems. Real-time detection using SFG promotes the nondestructive investigation of molecular structures of friction interfaces in situ with submonolayer interface sensitivity, enabling the investigation of friction mechanisms. This review provides guidance on using SFG to conduct friction analysis, thereby widening the applicability of SFG vibrational spectroscopy.
Informed-Decision Regarding Global Warming and Climate Change Among High School Students in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kurup Premnadh M. , Levinson Ralph , Li Xia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobal warming and climate change are serious issues facing humanity at present and education needs to focus on including informed-decision in classroom practices. The conceptual framework used in this study has provided interconnections that influence beliefs and understandings in providing a knowledge base for making “informed-decision” among high school students. This study was conducted in three year 9 classes in two high schools in the UK and among 65 students. An inquiry intervention model was developed using the 5E instructional model (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate) to identify beliefs and understanding and to strengthen students’ knowledge base. This study used a design-based research setting and utilised a mixed methodology. The Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were computed to examine the pre-post-difference among questionnaire items, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilised to explore the relationship between belief, understanding, and intention. Data analysis of the intervention revealed that students developed a strong understanding of the causes and effects of global warming. There is evidence that students used that knowledge to “inform-decision” in relation to global warming and climate change. Promoting informed decision-making through science teaching can encourage responsible action in the future. The real gap identified in this study is that the regular school curriculum does not engage socio-scientific issues in the real world and has no opportunity to organise an inquiry-based instructional sequence for informed decision-making.
Impact of solar heat enhanced by the use of black polypropylene sheets on the development of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) eggs and germinabilty of cowpea seeds
Authors: Ajayi F. A. , Peter E. , Okrikata E. , Emmanuel R. A. L. , Dattijo S. A. , Kayode E. A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPost-harvest losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus is a major constraint to cowpea production and the improper use of synthetic insecticides by most farmers have resulted in environmental, health hazards, and development of insecticide resistance in insects. This study evaluates the efficacy of solar heat treatment using double-layered black polypropylene sheets in suppressing the development of the cowpea bruchid eggs and the effect of the heat absorbed on the germination potential of cowpea seeds. Five pairs of 2 – 3-day old adult C. maculatus were allowed to oviposit for ten days on 50 g cowpea seeds in a glass jar in the laboratory before exposure to 24, 48, 72 and 96 h solar heat treatment regimes. Infested cowpea seeds but not exposed to solarization was set along with the treatments while uninfested cowpea seeds was also set along and used as part of the germinability test. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design and treatments were replicated four times. The results showed that there were no significant differences among the number of eggs laid by adult C. maculatus on the cowpea seeds before solar heat treatment. Solar heat treatment of the cowpea seed at 24 h achieved 100% egg mortality of C. maculatus thus preventing adult emergence. The effect of solarization on seed viability showed that there were no significant differences between the infested cowpea seeds exposed to different solar radiation regimes when compared to uninfested cowpea seeds – range; 74% – 99% germination. The results showed that 24 h solar heat exposure of cowpea seeds in double-layered black polypropylene sheets could be the thermal death point of C. maculatus eggs on the seeds in the study area.
Profiling Chromatin Accessibility at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Sinha Sarthak , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Zhou Weiqiang , Ji Hongkai , Stratton Jo A. , Jaffer Arzina , Bahlis Nizar , Morrissy Sorana , Biernaskie Jeff A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
How distinct transcriptional programs are enacted to generate cellular heterogeneity and plasticity, and enable complex fate decisions are important open questions. One key regulator is the cell’s epigenome state that drives distinct transcriptional programs by regulating chromatin accessibility. Genome-wide chromatin accessibility measurements can impart insights into regulatory sequences (in)accessible to DNA-binding proteins at a single-cell resolution. This review outlines molecular methods and bioinformatic tools for capturing cell-to-cell chromatin variation using single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) in a scalable fashion. It also covers joint profiling of chromatin with transcriptome/proteome measurements, computational strategies to integrate multi-omic measurements, and predictive bioinformatic tools to infer chromatin accessibility from single-cell transcriptomic datasets. Methodological refinements that increase power for cell discovery through robust chromatin coverage and integrate measurements from multiple modalities will further expand our understanding of gene regulation during homeostasis and disease.
Champions need an iron will: How employees use their dispositional self-control to overcome workplace incivility
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Belausteguigoitia Imanol 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates how employees' experience of workplace incivility may steer them away from idea championing, with a special focus on the mediating role of their desire to quit their jobs and the moderating role of their dispositional self-control. Data collected from employees who work in a large retail organization reveal that an important reason that exposure to rude workplace behaviors reduces employees' propensity to champion innovative ideas is that they make concrete plans to leave. This mediating effect is mitigated when employees are equipped with high levels of self-control though. For organizations, this study accordingly pinpoints desires to seek alternative employment as a critical factor by which irritations about resource-draining incivility may escalate into a reluctance to add to organizational effectiveness through dedicated championing efforts. It also indicates how this escalation can be avoided, namely, by ensuring employees have access to pertinent personal resources.
City limits to partisan polarization in the American public
Authors: Jensen Amalie , Marble William , Scheve Kenneth , Slaughter Matthew J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow pervasive is partisan sorting and polarization over public policies in the American public? We examine whether the barriers of partisan sorting and polarization seen in national politics extend to important local policies that shape economic development. To describe the extent of partisan sorting and polarization over local development policies, we employ conjoint survey experiments in representative surveys of eight US metropolitan areas and a hierarchical modeling strategy for studying heterogeneity across respondents. We find that strong partisans are sorted by party in some of their policy opinions, but rarely polarized. The same voters who disagree about national issues have similar preferences about local development issues suggesting a greater scope for bipartisan problem solving at the local level.