bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory control in children with tic disorder: aberrant fronto-parietal network activity and connectivity
Authors: Jurgiel Joseph , Miyakoshi Makoto , Dillon Andrea , Piacentini John , Makeig Scott , Loo Sandra K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chronic tic disorders, including Tourette syndrome, are typically thought to have deficits in cognitive inhibition and top down cognitive control due to the frequent and repetitive occurrence of tics, yet studies reporting task performance results have been equivocal. Despite similar behavioural performance, individuals with chronic tic disorder have exhibited aberrant patterns of neural activation in multiple frontal and parietal regions relative to healthy controls during inhibitory control paradigms. In addition to these top down attentional control regions, widespread alterations in brain activity across multiple neural networks have been reported. There is a dearth, however, of studies examining event-related connectivity during cognitive inhibitory paradigms among affected individuals. The goal of this study was to characterize neural oscillatory activity and effective connectivity, using a case–control design, among children with and without chronic tic disorder during performance of a cognitive inhibition task. Electroencephalogram data were recorded in a cohort of children aged 8–12 years old (60 with chronic tic disorder, 35 typically developing controls) while they performed a flanker task. While task accuracy did not differ by diagnosis, children with chronic tic disorder displayed significant cortical source-level, event-related spectral power differences during incongruent flanker trials, which required inhibitory control. Specifically, attenuated broad band oscillatory power modulation within the anterior cingulate cortex was observed relative to controls. Whole brain effective connectivity analyses indicated that children with chronic tic disorder exhibit greater information flow between the anterior cingulate and other fronto-parietal network hubs (midcingulate cortex and precuneus) relative to controls, who instead showed stronger connectivity between central and posterior nodes. Spectral power within the anterior cingulate was not significantly correlated with any connectivity edges, suggesting lower power and higher connectivity are independent (versus resultant) neural mechanisms. Significant correlations between clinical features, task performance and anterior cingulate spectral power and connectivity suggest this region is associated with tic impairment (r = −0.31, P = 0.03) and flanker task incongruent trial accuracy (r’s = −0.27 to −0.42, P’s = 0.0008–0.04). Attenuated activation of the anterior cingulate along with dysregulated information flow between and among nodes within the fronto-parietal attention network may be neural adaptations that result from frequent engagement of neural pathways needed for inhibitory control in chronic tic disorder.
High neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio at cancer diagnosis predicts incidence of stroke in cancer patients
Authors: Kawano Tomohiro , Sasaki Tsutomu , Gon Yasufumi , Kitano Takaya , Kanki Hideaki , Todo Kenichi , Shimamura Munehisa , Matsumura Yasushi , Huang Ao , Hattori Satoshi , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although cancer increases the incidence and severity of ischaemic stroke, there is no reliable method for predicting ischaemic stroke in cancer patients. To evaluate the prognostic capacity of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at cancer diagnosis for predicting the incidence of ischaemic stroke, we used a hospital-based cancer registry that contained clinical data from all patients treated for cancer at Osaka University Hospital between 2007 and 2015. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was calculated after dividing absolute neutrophil counts by absolute lymphocyte counts. These counts were obtained within 1 month after cancer diagnosis. The primary endpoint was new-onset ischaemic stroke within 2 years after cancer diagnosis. Of the 18 217 included cancer patients (median age: 65.2 years), 69 (0.38%) had ischaemic stroke. Unadjusted Cox regression analysis stratified by cancer site demonstrated that each 1-unit increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with a significant 7.2% increase in the risk of an ischaemic stroke event (95% confidence interval 1.041–1.103, P &lt; 0.001). Survival tree analysis and the Kaplan–Meier method suggested that patients with and without atrial fibrillation who had increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios had a higher risk of ischaemic stroke. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for cancer site and stage, revealed that patients with high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (&gt;15) had higher ischaemic stroke risk than patients with low neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (&lt;5). This was true among cancer patients both with (hazard ratio 11.598; 95% confidence interval 0.953–141.181) and without (hazard ratio 7.877; 95% confidence interval 2.351–26.389) atrial fibrillation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at cancer diagnosis is associated with the incidence of ischaemic stroke among cancer patients and might thus be useful for identifying patients at high risk of ischaemic stroke, allowing us to guide future preventive interventions.
Olfactory–Trigeminal Interactions in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tremblay Cécilia , Frasnelli Johannes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a highly frequent early non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). An important step to potentially use OD for the development of early diagnostic tools of PD is to differentiate PD-related OD from other forms of non-parkinsonian OD (NPOD: postviral, sinunasal, post-traumatic, and idiopathic OD). Measuring non-olfactory chemosensory modalities, especially the trigeminal system, may allow to characterize a PD-specific olfactory profile. We here review the literature on PD-specific chemosensory alteration patterns compared with NPOD. Specifically, we focused on the impact of PD on the trigeminal system and particularly on the interaction between olfactory and trigeminal systems. As this interaction is seemingly affected in a disease-specific manner, we propose a model of interaction between both chemosensory systems that is distinct for PD-related OD and NPOD. These patterns of chemosensory impairment still need to be confirmed in prodromal PD; nevertheless, appropriate chemosensory tests may eventually help to develop diagnostic tools to identify individuals at risks for PD.
Single-cell dual-omics reveals the transcriptomic and epigenomic diversity of cardiac non-myocytes
Authors: Wang Li , Yang Yuchen , Ma Hong , Xie Yifang , Xu Jun , Near David , Wang Haofei , Garbutt Tiffany , Li Yun , Liu Jiandong , Qian Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThe precise cellular identity and molecular features of non-myocytes (non-CMs) in a mammalian heart at a single-cell level remain elusive. Depiction of epigenetic landscape with transcriptomic signatures using the latest single-cell multi-omics has the potential to unravel the molecular programs underlying the cellular diversity of cardiac non-myocytes. Here, we characterized the molecular and cellular features of cardiac non-CM populations in the adult murine heart at the single-cell level.Methods and resultsThrough single-cell dual omics analysis, we mapped the epigenetic landscapes, characterized the transcriptomic profiles and delineated the molecular signatures of cardiac non-CMs in the adult murine heart. Distinct cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors for the individual major non-CM cell types (endothelial cells, fibroblast, pericytes, and immune cells) were identified. In particular, unbiased sub-clustering and functional annotation of cardiac fibroblasts (FBs) revealed extensive FB heterogeneity and identified FB sub-types with functional states related to the cellular response to stimuli, cytoskeleton organization, and immune regulation, respectively. We further explored the function of marker genes Hsd11b1 and Gfpt2 that label major FB subpopulations and determined the distribution of Hsd11b1+ and Gfp2+ FBs in murine healthy and diseased hearts.ConclusionsIn summary, we characterized the non-CM cellular identity at the transcriptome and epigenome levels using single-cell omics approaches and discovered previously unrecognized cardiac fibroblast subpopulations with unique functional states.
Multiple percutaneous coronary interventions may negatively impact cardiac remodelling after bypass surgery
Authors: Nonaka Michihito , Komiya Tatsuhiko , Shimamoto Takeshi , Matsuo Takehiko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Many patients undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) multiple times before being referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in which bypass grafts are often anastomosed to small distal targets with higher risk of graft failure. We aimed to assess whether multiple PCIs adversely affect the long-term outcomes of patients who undergo CABG subsequently.

METHODS
A cohort of 368 patients with no history of PCI underwent initial isolated CABG between 2003 and 2013 (no PCI group). Ninety-seven patients who had undergone PCI 2 or more times preoperatively during the same period constituted the multiple PCI group. After propensity score matching, the group outcomes were compared.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences in the 10-year all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates in both groups. Although the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in the multiple PCI group did not change markedly (from 48.0 ± 6.0 to 47.2 ± 7.9 mm; P = 0.25), it decreased significantly in the no PCI group (from 48.3 ± 6.1 to 44.9 ± 9.1 mm; P &lt; 0.001). The left ventricular end-systolic dimension in the no PCI group decreased significantly (from 34.1 ± 8.7 to 31.4 ± 8.6 mm; P = 0.024), while it in the multiple PCI group did not (from 33.6 ± 8.3 to 32.7 ± 8.6 mm; P = 0.21).

CONCLUSIONS
For complex coronary artery disease, early surgical intervention could be considered with respect to postoperative left ventricular remodelling during the long-term follow-up.
Impact of sex on the management and outcome of aortic stenosis patients
Authors: Bienjonetti-Boudreau David , Fleury Marie-Ange , Voisine Martine , Paquin Amélie , Chouinard Isabelle , Tailleur Mathieu , Duval Raphael , Magnan Pierre-Olivier , Beaudoin Jonathan , Salaun Erwan , Clavel Marie-Annick 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sex on the management and outcome of patients according to aortic stenosis (AS) severity.

Introduction
Sex differences in the management and outcome of AS are poorly understood.

Methods
Doppler echocardiography data of patients with at least mild-to-moderate AS [aortic valve area (AVA) ≤1.5 cm2 and peak jet velocity (VPeak) ≥2.5 m/s or mean gradient (MG) ≥25 mmHg] were prospectively collected between 2005 and 2015 and retrospectively analysed. Patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (&lt;50%), or mitral or aortic regurgitation &gt;mild were excluded.

Results
Among 3632 patients, 42% were women. The mean indexed AVA (0.48 ± 0.17 cm2/m2), VPeak (3.74 ± 0.88 m/s), and MG (35.1 ± 18.2 mmHg) did not differ between sexes (all P ≥ 0.18). Women were older (72.9 ± 13.0 vs. 70.1 ± 11.8 years) and had more hypertension (75% vs. 70%; P = 0.0005) and less coronary artery disease (38% vs. 55%, P &lt; 0.0001) compared to men. After inverse-propensity weighting (IPW), female sex was associated with higher mortality (IPW-HR: 1.91 [1.14–3.22]; P = 0.01) and less referral to valve intervention (competitive model IPW-HR: 0.88 [0.82–0.96]; P = 0.007) in the whole cohort. This excess mortality in women was blunted in concordant non-severe AS initially treated conservatively (IPW-HR = 1.03 [0.63–1.68]; P = 0.88) or in concordant severe AS initially treated by valve intervention (IPW-HR = 1.25 [0.71–2.21]; P = 0.43). Interestingly, the excess mortality in women was observed in discordant low-gradient AS patients (IPW-HR = 2.17 [1.19–3.95]; P = 0.01) where women were less referred to valve intervention (IPW-Sub-HR: 0.83 [0.73–0.95]; P = 0.009).

Conclusion
In this large series of patients, despite similar baseline hemodynamic AS severity, women were less referred to AVR and had higher mortality. This seemed mostly to occur in the patient subset with discordant markers of AS severity (i.e. low-gradient AS) where women were less referred to AVR.
Comprehensive catalogue of international measures aimed at preventing general practitioner shortages
Authors: Stigler Florian L , Zipp Carolin R , Jeitler Klaus , Semlitsch Thomas , Siebenhofer Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany countries are facing a shortage and misallocation of general practitioners (GPs). The development of a policy response may benefit from the knowledge of worldwide policies that have been adopted and recommended to counteract such a development.AimTo identify measures proposed or taken internationally to prevent GP shortages.Design and SettingA literature review followed by an expert assessment focussed on sources from OECD countries.MethodThe literature search identified international policy documents and literature reviews in bibliographical databases, and examined institutional websites and references of included publications. The internet search engine Google was also used. The resulting measures were then assessed for completeness by three experts.ResultsTen policy documents and 32 literature reviews provided information on 102 distinct measures aimed at preventing GP shortages. The measures attempt to influence GPs at all stages of their careers.ConclusionsThis catalogue of measures to prevent GP shortages is significantly more comprehensive than any of the policy documents it is based on. It may serve as a blueprint for effective reforms aimed at preventing GP shortages internationally.
The GBP1 microcapsule interferes with IcsA-dependent septin cage assembly around Shigella flexneri
Authors: Kutsch Miriam , González-Prieto Coral , Lesser Cammie F , Coers Jörn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Many cytosolic bacterial pathogens hijack the host actin polymerization machinery to form actin tails that promote direct cell-to-cell spread, enabling these pathogens to avoid extracellular immune defenses. However, these pathogens are still susceptible to intracellular cell-autonomous immune responses that restrict bacterial actin-based motility. Two classes of cytosolic antimotility factors, septins and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), have recently been established to block actin tail formation by the human-adapted bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri. Both septin cages and GBP1 microcapsules restrict S. flexneri cell-to-cell spread by blocking S. flexneri actin-based motility. While septins assemble into cage-like structures around immobile S. flexneri, GBP1 forms microcapsules around both motile and immobile bacteria. The interplay between these two defense programs remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that GBP1 microcapsules block septin cage assembly, likely by interfering with the function of S. flexneri IcsA, the outer membrane protein that promotes actin-based motility, as this protein is required for septin cage formation. However, S. flexneri that escape from GBP1 microcapsules via the activity of IpaH9.8, a type III secreted effector that promotes the degradation of GBPs, are often captured within septin cages. Thus, our studies reveal how septin cages and GBP1 microcapsules represent complementary host cell antimotility strategies.
Novel Approaches to Develop Critical Reference Materials for Noninvasive Prenatal Testing: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bianco Katherine , Sherwin Elizabeth B , Konigshofer Yves , Girsen Anna I , Sylvester Karl G , Garlick Russell K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Highly characterized reference materials are required to expand noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for low incidence aneuploidies and microdeletions. The goal of this study was to develop reference materials for the development of next generation circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) assays.

Methods
This was a prospective study of pregnancies complicated by positive prenatal genetic screening. ccfDNA was isolated from maternal plasma and amplified. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were prepared from maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fetal cord blood cells. Cells were Epstein-Barr virus immortalized and expanded. Amplified DNA and to a limited extent formulated lymphoblastoid-derived ccfDNA was tested in SNP-based and chromosome counting (CC) based massively parallel sequencing assays.

Results
Enrolled cases included fetuses with: T21 (2), T18 (1), T18-XXX (1), XYY (1), microdeletions (1), and euploid (2). Three lymphoblastoid cells lines were prepared. Genomic DNA was extracted from cell lines and fragmented to simulate ccfDNA. ccfDNA isolation yielded about 2000 usable genome equivalents of DNA for each case for amplification. Although the sonicated genomic DNA derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines did not yield results compatible with NIPT assays, when blinded, NIPT platforms correctly identified the amplified ccfDNA isolated from blood in the majority of cases.

Conclusions
This study showed that maternal blood samples from pregnancies complicated by common chromosomal abnormalities can be used to generate materials for the development and evaluation of NIPT assays.
ELISA Screens for Fentanyl in Urine Are Susceptible to False-Positives in High Concentration Methamphetamine Samples
Authors: Abbott Dustin L , Limoges Jennifer F , Virkler Kelly J , Tracy Seth J , Sarris Gregory G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Immunoassay techniques are commonly used for urine drug screening in forensic and clinical toxicology laboratories. While these techniques are excellent for the nonspecific detection of a wide variety of drug classes, their very nature renders them vulnerable to false negatives and false positives.The New York State Police Forensic Toxicology Laboratory investigated a trend of false-positive fentanyl urine drug screens and determined that urine methamphetamine levels greater than 40 μg/mL can cause a false-positive urine fentanyl screening result using the Neogen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit at a 1 ng/mL fentanyl decision point.
Self-reported allergies correlate with a worse patient-reported outcome after hip arthroscopy: a matched control study
Authors: Swartwout Erica L , Feingold Jacob D , Wright-Chisem Joshua I , Apostolakos John M , Roberts Sacha A , Ranawat Anil S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with and without at least one self-reported allergy undergoing hip arthroscopy were compared. Data on 1434 cases were retrospectively reviewed, and 267 patients were identified with at least one self-reported allergy and randomly matched to a control group on a 1:2 ratio. Four PROMs [Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score-Sports (HOS-Sport) and 33-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33)] were collected preoperatively, and at 5–11, 12–23 and 24–35 months postoperatively. Significant PROM differences were found 5–11 months postoperative on mHHS (P &lt; 0.001), HOS-ADL (P = 0.002), HOS-Sport (P &lt; 0.001) and iHOT-33 (P &lt; 0.001). At 12–23 months postoperative, the allergy cohort had significantly worse scores on mHHS (P = 0.002), HOS-ADL (P = 0.001), HOS-Sport (P &lt; 0.001) and iHOT-33 (P &lt; 0.001). They also had significantly worse measures 24–35 months postoperative on mHHS (P = 0.019), HOS-Sport (P = 0.006) and iHOT-33 (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that each additional allergy reported significantly increased the risk of failing to meet the minimal clinically important difference 5–11 months after surgery on mHHS by 1.15 [OR (95% CI): 1.15 (1.03, 1.30), P = 0.014], on HOS-ADL by 1.16 [OR (95% CI): 1.16 (1.02, 1.31), P = 0.021] and on iHOT-33 by 1.20 [OR (95% CI): 1.20 (1.07, 1.36), P = 0.002]. Results suggest self-reported allergies increase the likelihood of a patient-perceived worse outcome after hip arthroscopy. An understanding of this association by the physician is essential during presurgical planning and in the management of postoperative care.
Coherence scale of magnetic fields generated in early-time forward shocks of GRBs
Authors: Jordana-Mitjans N , Mundell C G , Smith R J , Guidorzi C , Marongiu M , Kobayashi S , Gomboc A , Shrestha M , Steele I A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the earliest ever detection of optical polarization from a GRB forward shock (GRB 141220A), measured $129.5{-}204.3\,$s after the burst using the multicolour RINGO3 optical polarimeter on the 2-m fully autonomous robotic Liverpool Telescope. The temporal decay gradient of the optical light curves from $86\,$ to $\sim 2200\,$s post-burst is typical of classical forward shocks with α = 1.091 ± 0.008. The low-optical polarization $P_{ BV} = 2.8 _{- 1.6} ^{+ 2.0} \, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (2σ) at mean time $\sim 168\,$s post-burst is compatible with being induced by the host galaxy dust ($A_{V, {\rm HG}}= 0.71 \pm 0.15 \,$mag), leaving low polarization intrinsic to the GRB emission itself – as theoretically predicted for forward shocks and consistent with previous detections of low degrees of optical polarization in GRB afterglows observed hours to days after the burst. The current sample of early-time polarization data from forward shocks suggests polarization from (a) the Galactic and host galaxy dust properties (i.e. $P \sim 1-3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), (b) contribution from a polarized reverse shock (GRB deceleration time, jet magnetization) or (c) forward shock intrinsic polarization (i.e. $P \le 2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), which depends on the magnetic field coherence length-scale and the size of the observable emitting region (burst energetics, circumburst density).
Building the Galilean moons system via pebble accretion and migration: a primordial resonant chain
Authors: Madeira Gustavo , Izidoro André , Giuliatti Winter Silvia M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The origins of the Galilean satellites – namely Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto – is not fully understood yet. Here we use N-body numerical simulations to study the formation of Galilean satellites in a gaseous circumplanetary disc around Jupiter. Our model includes the effects of pebble accretion, gas-driven migration, and gas tidal damping and drag. Satellitesimals in our simulations first grow via pebble accretion and start to migrate inwards. When they reach the trap at the disc inner edge, scattering events and collisions take place promoting additional growth. Growing satellites eventually reach a multiresonant configuration anchored at the disc inner edge. Our results show that an integrated pebble flux of ≥2 × 10−3 MJ results in the formation of satellites with masses typically larger than those of the Galilean satellites. Our best match to the masses of the Galilean satellites is produced in simulations where the integrated pebble flux is ∼10−3 MJ. These simulations typically produce between three and five satellites. In our best analogues, adjacent satellite pairs are all locked in 2:1 mean motion resonances. However, they have also moderately eccentric orbits (∼0.1), unlike the current real satellites. We propose that the Galilean satellites system is a primordial resonant chain, similar to exoplanet systems as TRAPPIST-1, Kepler-223, and TOI-178. Callisto was probably in resonance with Ganymede in the past but left this configuration – without breaking the Laplacian resonance – via divergent migration due to tidal planet–satellite interactions. These same effects further damped the orbital eccentricities of these satellites down to their current values (∼0.001). Our results support the hypothesis that Io and Europa were born with water-ice rich compositions and lost all/most of their water afterwards. Firmer constraints on the primordial compositions of the Galilean satellites are crucial to distinguish formation models.