bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a ferroptosis-related gene signature (FRGS) for predicting clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Sheng , Wu Chunlei , Ma Dehua , Hu Quanteng 
Published: April 2021

Background
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathological subtype of lung cancer. Ferroptosis, an oxidative, iron-dependent form of necrotic cell death, is highly associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis progress in LUAD was still rarely be investigated.

Methods
Herein, we collected three mRNA expression profiles and 85 ferroptosis-related genes from public databases. The “limma” package was used to identify ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis were applied to screen and develop a ferroptosis-related gene signature (FRGS) and a formula to calculate the risk score. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was implemented to determine independent prognostic predictors of overall survival (OS). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plot were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the FRGS and nomogram.

Results
We developed a FRGS with five genes (CYBB, CISD1, FADD, SAT2, VDAC2). The AUC of the FRGS in TCGA cohort was 0.777 at 1-year, 0.721 at 3-year and 0.725 at 5-year, significantly superior to the AUC of TNM stage (1-year: 0.701, 3-year: 0.691, 5-year: 0.686). A similar phenomenon was observed in GEO cohort 1 and 2. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicted TNM stage and risk score were independent prognostic predictors. Finally, we built a nomogram with TNM stage and FRGS, the AUCs of which markedly higher than that of FRGS or TNM stage alone.

Conclusion
We constructed a prognostic FRGS with five ferroptosis-related genes and a nomogram for predicting the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate of LUAD patients, which may provide a new understanding of the prognostic value of ferroptosis progress in LUAD and will benefit prognosis assessment of LUAD patients.
Assessment of hand function in women with lymphadenopathy after radical mastectomy
Authors: Mistry Subham , Ali Taimul , Qasheesh Mohammed , Beg Rashid Ali , Shaphe Mohammad Abu , Ahmad Fuzail , Kashoo Faizan Z. , Shalaby Amr S. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Breast cancer related upper limb lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication in post-mastectomy patients. It is known to cause upper limb disability, which subsequently may affect the grip strength and hand function. There is little evidence on the objective assessment of functional activities particularly hand function in women with BCRL. Therefore, this study objectively assesses the handgrip strength and hand functions in women with BCRL.

Method
A cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of women with (n = 31) and without (n = 31) BCRL. The Handgrip strength and hand functions were measured using a dynamometer and Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, respectively.

Results
The results showed a significantly reduced handgrip strength in women with BCRL as compared to age-matched healthy adult women for both right and left hands (p < 0.05). Similarly, hand functions were significantly impaired in women with BCRL as compared to healthy adult women (p < 0.05). Reduction in handgrip strength and hand function in women with BCRL were clinically meaningful as indicated by moderate to large effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 0.61 to 0.99 and 0.54 to 3.02, respectively) in all outcomes except power handgrip strength in left hand (Cohen’s d = 0.38).

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate a significant reduction of hand grip strength and hand function in women with BCRL. Our findings suggest that objective measures of grip strength and function be included in the assessment of women with BCRL to better guide clinical decision making and patient care, which may include management of impairment associated with hand strength and function. Future studies that evaluate hand grip strength and function in a larger sample which includes a more diverse age group of women with BCRL are warranted to confirm the current findings.
Lycopene‐Based Bionic Membrane for Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Dong Chong , Li Xiao‐Mei , Ma Chang , Yang Wen‐Fan , Cao Jun‐Jie , Igbari Femi , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPerovskite (PVSK) photovoltaics have been a promising field in the exploitation of renewable energy due to the fascinating performances of PVSK materials and devices. Although the efficiency is gradually approaching that of traditional solar cells, the stability is still a challenge. Hence, tomato lycopene, a botanic antioxidant, is introduced as a modification layer on the PVSK absorber layer to prevent moisture and oxygen erosion, for enhanced both intrinsic and environmental stabilities. This inserted protection layer can also interact with the PVSK material through carbon‐halogen bonds and influence its crystallinity. Therefore, PVSK films are obtained with less defects and better intrinsic stability. The device achieved a champion outdoor efficiency at AM 1.5G more than 21% and its indoor efficiency at 1000 lux can reach 40.24%. In addition, the efficiency can keep almost 90% of the original value after exposure to wet oxygen ambience for 1000 h. The antioxidant gives a unique perspective towards enhancing the stability of solar cells
NiMoO4 Nanosheets Anchored on NS Doped Carbon Clothes with Hierarchical Structure as a Bidirectional Catalyst toward Accelerating Polysulfides Conversion for LiS Battery
Authors: Sun Tingting , Zhao Xiaomei , Li Bo , Shu Hongbo , Luo Lipan , Xia Wenlong , Chen Manfang , Zeng Peng , Yang Xiukang , Gao Ping , Pei Yong , Wang Xianyou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe serious shuttle effect, sluggish reduction kinetics of polysulfides and the difficult oxidation reaction of Li2S have hindered LiS battery practical application. Herein, a 3D hierarchical structure composed of NiMoO4 nanosheets in situ anchored on NS doped carbon clothes (NiMoO4@NSCC) as the free‐standing host is creatively designed and constructed for LiS battery. Dual transitional metal oxide (NiMoO4) increases the electrons density near the Fermi level due to the contribution of the incorporating molybdenum (Mo), leading to the smaller bandgap, and thus stronger metallic properties compared with NiO. Furthermore, as a bidirectional catalyst, NiMoO4 is proposed to facilitate reductions of polysulfides through lengthening the SS bond distance of Li2S4 and reducing the free energy of polysulfides conversion, meanwhile promote critical oxidation of insulative discharge product (Li2S) via lengthening LiS bond distance of Li2S and decreasing Li2S decomposition barrier. Therefore, after loading sulfur (2 mg cm−2), NiMoO4@NSCC/S as the self‐supporting cathode for the LiS battery exhibits impressive long cycle stability. This study proposes a concept of a bidirectional catalyst with dual metal oxides, which would supply a novel vision to construct the high‐performance LiS battery.
Genome‐scale data resolves the timing of divergence in Joshua trees
Authors: Smith Christopher Irwin , McKain Michael R. , Guimond Austin , Flatz Ramona 
Published: April 2021

PremiseJoshua trees (Yucca brevifolia and Y. jaegeriana) and their yucca moth pollinators (Tegeticula synthetica and T. antithetica) are a model system for studies of plant–pollinator coevolution and, they are thought to be one of the only cases in which there is compelling evidence for cospeciation driven by coevolution. Previous work attempted to evaluate whether divergence between the plant and their pollinators was contemporaneous. That work concluded that the trees diverged more than 5 million years ago—well before the pollinators. However, clear inferences were hampered by a lack of data from the nuclear genome and low genetic variation in chloroplast genes. As a result, divergence times in the trees could not be confidently estimated.MethodsWe present an analysis of whole chloroplast genome sequence data and RADseq data from >5000 loci in the nuclear genome. We developed a molecular clock for the Asparagales and the Agavoideae using multiple fossil calibration points. Using Bayesian inference, we produced new estimates for the age of the genus Yucca and for Joshua trees. We used calculated summary statistics describing genetic variation and used coalescent‐based methods to estimate population genetic parameters.ResultsWe find that the Joshua trees are moderately genetically differentiated, but that they diverged quite recently (~100–200 kya), and much more recently than their pollinators.ConclusionsThe results argue against the notion that coevolution directly contributed to speciation in this system, suggesting instead that coevolution with pollinators may have reinforced reproductive isolation following initial divergence in allopatry.
Heterozygous variants in SPTBN1 cause intellectual disability and autism
Authors: Rosenfeld Jill A. , Xiao Rui , Bekheirnia Mir Reza , Kanani Farah , Parker Michael J. , Koenig Mary K. , van Haeringen Arie , Ruivenkamp Claudia , Rosmaninho‐Salgado Joana , Almeida Pedro M. , Sá Joaquim , Pinto Basto Jorge , Palen Emily , Oetjens Kathryn F. , Burrage Lindsay C. , Xia Fan , Liu Pengfei , Eng Christine M. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Yang Yaping , Posey Jennifer E. , Lee Brendan H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpectrins are common components of cytoskeletons, binding to cytoskeletal elements and the plasma membrane, allowing proper localization of essential membrane proteins, signal transduction, and cellular scaffolding. Spectrins are assembled from α and β subunits, encoded by SPTA1 and SPTAN1 (α) and SPTB, SPTBN1, SPTBN2, SPTBN4, and SPTBN5 (β). Pathogenic variants in various spectrin genes are associated with erythroid cell disorders (SPTA1, SPTB) and neurologic disorders (SPTAN1, SPTBN2, and SPTBN4), but no phenotypes have been definitively associated with variants in SPTBN1 or SPTBN5. Through exome sequencing and case matching, we identified seven unrelated individuals with heterozygous SPTBN1 variants: two with de novo missense variants and five with predicted loss‐of‐function variants (found to be de novo in two, while one was inherited from a mother with a history of learning disabilities). Common features include global developmental delays, intellectual disability, and behavioral disturbances. Autistic features (4/6) and epilepsy (2/7) or abnormal electroencephalogram without overt seizures (1/7) were present in a subset. Identification of loss‐of‐function variants suggests a haploinsufficiency mechanism, but additional functional studies are required to fully elucidate disease pathogenesis. Our findings support the essential roles of SPTBN1 in human neurodevelopment and expand the knowledge of human spectrinopathy disorders.
Adiposity and pathogen exposure: An investigation of response to iron supplementation and hypothesized predictors in anemic pre‐school‐aged children living in a dual burden environment
Authors: Dorsey Achsah F. , Penny Mary E. , Thompson Amanda L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesPeruvians are experiencing rapid dietary and lifestyle changes, resulting in a phenomenon known as the “dual burden of disease.” A common manifestation of the dual burden in individuals is the co‐occurrence of overweight and anemia. Despite recent initiatives introduced to address these concerns, rates continue to be public health concerns. This study investigates the relationship between immune activation and lack of response to iron supplementation after 1 month of treatment and explores variation in body fat stores as a potential moderator between immune function and response to treatment.MethodsData come from children, aged 2–5 years (n = 50) from a peri‐urban community in Lima, Peru. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between response to treatment (Hb > =11.0 g/dl) after 1 month of treatment), markers of immune activation (C‐reactive protein [CRP] and reported morbidity symptoms), and measures of body fat (waist‐to‐height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, and body mass index [BMI]).ResultsWe found that high CRP is associated with a lack of response to iron supplementation after 1 month of treatment and that BMI z‐score may moderate this association. Generally, larger body size is associated with response to iron supplementation whether or not the children in this sample have high immune activation. However, the probability of anemic children responding to iron supplementation treatment differed across adiposity measures.ConclusionsOur finding suggesting that adiposity and CRP influence response to iron supplementation, furthers our understanding of the relationship between inflammation and anemia treatment in children and has both theoretical and public health implications.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote C−H Phosphonylation of Indoles at the C4 and C6 Positions by a Radical Approach
Authors: Shi Xiaolin , Wang Zemin , Li Yuxiu , Li Xiaowei , Li Xiangqian , Shi Dayong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed direct C−H activation of indole benzenoid moiety has been achieved in the past decade. However, palladium‐catalyzed remote C−H activation of indoles is rare. Herein, we report a challenging palladium‐catalyzed remote C4‐H phosphonylation of indoles by a radical approach. The method provides access to a series of C4‐phosphonylated indoles, including tryptophan and tryptophan‐containing dipeptides, which are typically inaccessible by direct C4‐H activation due to its heavy reliance on C3 directing groups. Notably, unexpected C6‐phosphonylated indoles were obtained through blocking of the C4 position. The preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that the reactions may proceed via a C7‐palladacycle/remote‐activation process. Based on the strategy, examples of remote C4‐H difluoromethylation with BrCF2COOEt are also presented, suggesting that the strategy may offer a general blueprint for other cross‐couplings.
Bispericyclic Diels–Alder Dimerization of ortho‐Quinols in Natural Product (Bio)Synthesis: Bioinspired Chemical 6‐Step Synthesis of (+)‐Maytenone
Authors: Peixoto Philippe A. , El Assal Mourad , Chataigner Isabelle , Castet Frédéric , Cornu Anaëlle , Coffinier Romain , Bosset Cyril , Deffieux Denis , Pouységu Laurent , Quideau Stéphane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany natural products of plant or microbial origins are derived from enzymatic dearomative oxygenation of 2‐alkylphenolic precursors into 6‐alkyl‐6‐hydroxycyclohexa‐2,4‐dienones. These so‐called ortho‐quinols cyclodimerize via a remarkably selective bispericyclic Diels–Alder reaction. Whether or not the intervention of catalytic or dirigent proteins is involved during this final step of the biosynthesis of these natural products, this cyclodimerization of ortho‐quinols can be chemically reproduced in the laboratory with the same strict level of site‐specific regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. This unique yet unified process, which finds its rationale in the inherent chemical reactivity of those ortho‐quinols, is illustrated herein by an efficient and bioinspired first chemical synthesis of one of the most structurally complex and synthetically challenging examples of such natural cyclodimers, the bisditerpenoid (+)‐maytenone.
Efficient Nitrogen Fixation to Ammonia through Integration of Plasma Oxidation with Electrocatalytic Reduction
Authors: Li Laiquan , Tang Cheng , Cui Xiaoyang , Zheng Yao , Wang Xuesi , Xu Haolan , Zhang Shuai , Shao Tao , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPresent one‐step N2 fixation is impeded by tough activation of the N≡N bond and low selectivity to NH3. Here we report fixation of N2‐to‐NH3 can be decoupled to a two‐step process with one problem effectively solved in each step, including: 1) facile activation of N2 to NOx− by a non‐thermal plasma technique, and 2) highly selective conversion of NOx− to NH3 by electrocatalytic reduction. Importantly, this process uses air and water as low‐cost raw materials for scalable ammonia production under ambient conditions. For NOx− reduction to NH3, we present a surface boron‐rich core–shell nickel boride electrocatalyst. The surface boron‐rich feature is the key to boosting activity, selectivity, and stability via enhanced NOx− adsorption, and suppression of hydrogen evolution and surface Ni oxidation. A significant ammonia production of 198.3 μmol cm−2 h−1 was achieved, together with nearly 100 % Faradaic efficiency.
In Cellulo Mössbauer and EPR Studies Bring New Evidence to the Long‐Standing Debate on Iron–Sulfur Cluster Binding in Human Anamorsin
Authors: Matteucci Sara , Camponeschi Francesca , Clémancey Martin , Ciofi‐Baffoni Simone , Blondin Geneviève , Banci Lucia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHuman anamorsin is an iron–sulfur (Fe–S)‐cluster‐binding protein acting as an electron donor in the early steps of cytosolic iron–sulfur protein biogenesis. Human anamorsin belongs to the eukaryotic CIAPIN1 protein family and contains two highly conserved cysteine‐rich motifs, each binding an Fe–S cluster. In vitro works by various groups have provided rather controversial results for the type of Fe–S clusters bound to the CIAPIN1 proteins. In order to unravel the knot on this topic, we used an in cellulo approach combining Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopies to characterize the iron–sulfur‐cluster‐bound form of human anamorsin. We found that the protein binds two [2Fe–2S] clusters at both its cysteine‐rich motifs.
Structural design of flame‐retardant phosphatized unsaturated polyester resin
Authors: Ma Junzhi , Wang Dong , Fu Shaohai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo improve flame‐retardant properties of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), two phosphorus‐containing vinyl monomers with different chemical structures were synthesized to replace styrene molecules and then copolymerized with UPR oligomers to prepare flame‐retardant phosphatized UPRs. Curing behavior of phosphatized UPRs was investigated by DSC non‐isothermal curing curves, deducing the best curing conditions. Cone calorimeter results demonstrated the obvious reduction of heat release rate and smoke production rate by comparing phosphatized UPRs with flammable UPR. TG‐IR‐MS coupling technique was utilized to reveal thermal degradation and pyrolytic volatiles including aromatic compounds, hydrocarbons, CO, PO4˙, and so forth, providing more information of smoke toxicity and the gas phase flame‐ retardant mechanism of phosphatized UPRs. Moreover, the yield, compactness and graphitic degree of char residues of phosphatized UPRs were increased, strengthening the barrier effect to inhibit the permeation of combustion heat and the effusion of pyrolytic volatiles in the condensed phase.
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative effect of 2,9‐bis[4‐(pyridinylalkylaminomethyl)phenyl]‐1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives on human leukemic cells by targeting G‐quadruplex
Authors: Guillon Jean , Denevault‐Sabourin Caroline , Chevret Edith , Brachet‐Botineau Marie , Milano Vittoria , Guédin‐Beaurepaire Aurore , Moreau Stéphane , Ronga Luisa , Savrimoutou Solène , Rubio Sandra , Ferrer Jacky , Lamarche Jeremy , Mergny Jean‐Louis , Viaud‐Massuard Marie‐Claude , Ranz Matthieu , Largy Eric , Gabelica Valérie , Rosu Frédéric , Gouilleux Fabrice , Desplat Vanessa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCurrent multiagent chemotherapy regimens have improved the cure rate in acute leukemia patients, but they are highly toxic and poorly efficient in relapsed patients. To improve the treatment approaches, new specific molecules are needed. The G‐quadruplexes (G4s), which are noncanonical nucleic acid structures found in specific guanine‐rich DNA or RNA, are involved in many cellular events, including control of gene expression. G4s are considered as targets for the development of anticancer agents. Heterocyclic molecules are well known to target and stabilize G4 structures. Thus, a new series of 2,9‐bis[(substituted‐aminomethyl)phenyl]‐1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives (1a–i) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated against five human myeloid leukemia cell lines (K562, KU812, MV4‐11, HL60, and U937). Their ability to stabilize various oncogene promoter G4 structures (c‐MYC, BCL‐2, and K‐RAS) as well as the telomeric G4 was also determined through the fluorescence resonance energy transfer melting assay and native mass spectrometry. In addition, the more bioactive ligands 1g–i were tested for telomerase activity in HuT78 and MV4‐11 protein extracts.
Statistical inference for the difference between two maximized Youden indices obtained from correlated biomarkers
Authors: Bantis Leonidas E. , Nakas Christos T. , Reiser Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCurrently, there is global interest in deriving new promising cancer biomarkers that could complement or substitute the conventional ones. Clinical decisions can often be based on the cutoff that corresponds to the maximized Youden index when maximum accuracy drives decisions. When more than one classification criteria are measured within the same individuals, correlated measurements arise. In this work, we propose hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for the comparison of two correlated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in terms of their corresponding maximized Youden indices. We explore delta‐based techniques under parametric assumptions, or power transformations. Nonparametric kernel‐based methods are also examined. We evaluate our approaches through simulations and illustrate them using data from a metabolomic study referring to the detection of pancreatic cancer.
Environmental, social, and governance factors in emerging markets: The impact on firm performance
Authors: Bahadori Negar , Kaymak Turhan , Seraj Mehdi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article investigates whether firm‐level financial performance is positively associated with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores in emerging markets. The vast majority of extant research in this area has been conducted in developed countries, and in light of this research gap, our study examines these issues using a multi‐industry sample of firms located in 24 leading emerging markets. Using the stakeholder management and institutional theories, we develop and test our hypotheses by applying linear regression analyses on panel data from over 600 firms drawn from the Thompson Reuters Eikon database between the years 2014 and 2018. The results suggest that, after controlling for firm size and leverage, firms with higher ESG scores experience greater levels of profitability. A number of policy and managerial implications are explored based on these findings. This study adds to our further understanding of the relationship between ESG activities and firm performance in emerging markets.
Same day discharge: How much less is more for TAVR patients?
Authors: Landes Uri , Kornowski Ran 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
In a single‐center retrospective analysis, 29 same day discharge (SDD) Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients were treated and no patient had died or had a stroke event or needed a new pacemaker and/or experienced readmission to hospital at 30 days.
SDD criteria should focus on patient characteristics and procedural factors, but also on social support, tight ambulatory follow‐up, and team consensus that hospital bed is no longer required.
As TAVR continues to develop, we should ask ourselves: how much less is more for the TAVR patient?
Left atrial appendage closure: Moving toward a same day standard
Authors: Kaplan Aaron V. 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
Multicenter study showing the ability to perform TEE guided left atrial appendage occlusion using conscious sedation with same day discharge in selected patients
This study along with others highlight the need to move left atrial appendage closure to a conscious procedure
Further studies will be needed to prospectively validate selection criteria and the protocol used by the investigators