bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are traditional screening tools adequate for monitoring the nutrition risk of in‐hospital patients? An analysis of the nutritionDay database
Authors: Cardenas Diana , Bermúdez Charles , Pérez Angélica , Diaz Gustavo , Cortés Lilia Yadira , Contreras Claudia Patricia , Pinzón‐Espitia Olga Lucía , Gómez Gabriel , González Maria Cristina , Fantin Romain , Gutierrez José , Sulz Isabella , Tarantino Silvia , Hiesmayr Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring of adequate food intake is not a priority in hospital patients' care. The present study aimed to examine selective data from the nutritionDay survey to determine the impact of food intake during hospitalization on outcomes according to the nutrition risk status.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive analysis of selected data from 7 consecutive, annual, and cross‐sectional nutritionDay samples from 2009 to 2015. The impact of food intake on outcomes was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox models controlling for PANDORA scores.ResultsA total of 7994 adult patients from Colombia, 7243 patients from 9 Latin American countries, and 155,524 patients worldwid were included. Less than half of the patients worldwide consumed their entire meal on nutritionDay (41%). The number of reduced eaters is larger in the “no nutrition risk group” than in the “nutrition risk group” (30% vs 25%). Reduced eating is associated with higher mortality and delayed discharge in patients, regardless of the nutrition risk status. Patients without nutrition risk at the screening who ate “nothing, but were allowed to eat” had 6 times more risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 6.48; 95% CI, 3.5311.87).ConclusionsThis is the first large‐scale study evaluating the relationship of food intake on clinical outcomes showing an increase of in‐hospital mortality rates and a reduction in the probability of being discharged home regardless of the nutrition risk status. Traditional screening tools may not identify a group of patients who will become at risk because of reduced intake while in the hospital.
Pharmacological management of stroke in older people
Authors: Thomson Julia , New Peter Wayne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStroke is one of the most common causes of death and disability. It is more common in people aged 65 years or older. Most patients survive the stroke and live with their disabilities, impacting their quality of life and day‐to‐day function to varying degrees. Stroke sequelae can be associated with a broad range of physical, functional, cognitive, behavioural, emotional and socioeconomic consequences. Optimising the management of stroke and its complications, as well as strategies to prevent stroke recurrence, using both non‐pharmacological and pharmacological approaches, is crucial. This narrative review covers the pharmacological management of acute stroke, common post‐stroke complications and secondary prevention, with a focus on older people.
What is a refugium? Questions for the Middle–Upper Palaeolithic transition in peninsular southern Europe
Authors: Jones Emily Lena 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe word ‘refugium’ is often used to describe patterns of human settlement during various parts of the Palaeolithic. While, classically, a refugium is a location which supports an isolated population of a once more widespread species, some have argued that discrepancies in how this term is used have led to methodological confusion and a weakening of its meaning. Differences in the spatial and temporal scales of how refugia are defined, as well as in the specifics of how they operate, mean that many so‐called refugia serve different biological functions and have different implications for long‐term species survival (Ashcroft, 2010). In this article, I review four questions that may shape individual refugia. I then use the late Middle Palaeolithic record of peninsular southern Europe to explore how attention to these questions may help to advance Middle–Upper Palaeolithic research.
A technical review of three clinical trials register resources indicates where improvements to the search interfaces are needed
Authors: Cooper Chris , Court Rachel , Kotas Eleanor , Schauberger Ute 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClinical trials registers form an important part of the search for studies in systematic reviews of intervention effectiveness but the search interfaces and functionality of registers can be challenging to search systematically and resource intensive to search well. We report a technical review of the search interfaces of three leading trials register resources: ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registers Platform. The technical review used a validated checklist to identify areas where the search interfaces of these trials register resources performed well, where performance was adequate, where performance was poor, and to identify differences between search interfaces. The review found low overall scores for each of the interfaces (ClinicalTrials.gov 55/165, the EU Clinical Trials Register 25/165, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registers Platform 32/165). This finding suggests a need for joined‐up dialogue between the producers of the registers and researchers who search them via these interfaces. We also set out a series of four proposed changes which might improve the search interfaces. Trials registers are an invaluable resource in systematic reviews of intervention effectiveness. With the continued growth in systematic reviews, and initiatives such as ‘AllTrials’, there is an anticipated need for these resources. We conclude that small changes to the search interfaces, and improved dialogue with providers, might improve the future search functionality of these valuable resources.
The legume information system and associated online genomic resources
Authors: Berendzen Joel , Brown Anne V. , Cameron Connor T. , Campbell Jacqueline D. , Cleary Alan M. , Dash Sudhansu , Hokin Samuel , Huang Wei , Kalberer Scott R. , Nelson Rex T. , Redsun Sven , Weeks Nathan T. , Wilkey Andrew , Farmer Andrew D. , Cannon Steven B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Legume Information System (LIS; https://legumeinfo.org) houses genetic and genomic data, integrated in various online tools to allow comparative genomic analyses. The website and database maintain data for more than two dozen species, particularly focusing on crop and model species and holding data for other diverse species of taxonomic interest. Major analysis features include genome browsers, sequence‐search tools, legume‐focused gene families and a phylogenetic tree viewer, a gene annotation service (which places a submitted gene into a gene family and phylogenetic tree), an interactive microsynteny and pan‐genome viewer, a novel viewer of genetic variant data, genetic maps and viewers, a Data Store for data sets such as assemblies and annotations, InterMine instances for querying genetic and genomic data, and a tool for viewing geographic distributions of germplasm accessions. LIS also integrates with several other legume data resources and tools, including PeanutBase (https://peanutbase.org), SoyBase (https://soybase.org), Medicago Hapmap (https://medicagohapmap2.org), Alfalfa Breeder's Toolbox (https://alfalfatoolbox.org), and the Legume Federation (https://legumefederation.org).
Medical specialties and life expectancy: An analysis of doctors’ obituaries 1997–2019
Authors: Brayne Adam B. , Brayne Ralph P. , Fowler Alexander J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have found emergency medicine physicians have a reduced life expectancy compared to other doctors, using small subsets of data from the obituary section of the British Medical Journal. Technological advances now allow the entire catalogue of obituaries to be interrogated, which allows exploration of the relationship between medical specialty, age at death and cause of death in doctors.MethodsPublicly available electronic records were obtained by web scraping and analysed with natural language processing algorithms. Obituaries published in the British Medical Journal between January 1997 and August 2019 were scraped and analysed for differences in age and cause of death and also relative survival analysis compared to the general U.K. population.ResultsData were extracted from 8156 obituaries. The specialties with the oldest average age at death were general practitioners (80.3, SD = 12.5, n = 2508), surgeons (79.9, SD = 13.6, n = 853) and pathologists (79.8, SD = 13.8, n = 394). The specialties with the youngest average age at death were emergency physicians (58.7, SD = 23.6, n = 43), anaesthetists (75.5, SD = 16.1, n = 473) and radiologists (75.8, SD = 14.5, n = 172). Cancer was the most common cause of death and did not differ by specialty. Doctors on average have an older age at death than the general U.K. population.ConclusionsA doctor's specialty has a significant association with their age at death, with general practitioners living the longest and emergency physicians the shortest, with proportionately more accidental deaths. Likely due to its recency as a separate specialty, the emergency physician group is the smallest, which may censor and falsely reduce this group's age at death. The observed increased life expectancy and the reduced cardiovascular disease in this cohort may be associated with lifestyle and socioeconomic factors.
Laser plume containment during flexible transnasal laryngoscopy
Authors: Hoffman Henry T. , Walsh Jarrett E. , Pratt Alessandra , Miller Robert M. , Schwalje Adam , Stegall Helen R. , Nonnenmann Matt 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate a negative pressure microenvironment designed to contain laser plume during flexible transnasal laryngoscopy.MethodsThe Negative Pressure Face Shield (NPFS) was previously reported as well tolerated with initial use on 30 patients. Diagnostic transnasal laryngoscopy was performed on an additional 108 consecutive patients who were evaluated by questionnaires and sequential pulse oximetry. Further study addressed operative transnasal potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser laryngoscopy with biopsy done on four patients employing the NPFS.ResultsThe previously described NPFS version 3 (v.3), a transparent acrylic barrier with two anterior instrumentation ports, was modified by repositioning the side suction port closer to the level of the nose and deepening the lateral sides, squaring off the lower projection. A post‐procedure questionnaire employing a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from no symptoms (rating of 1) to intolerable (rating of 5) identified excellent patient tolerance of the new design (v.4), among 22 patients evaluated and similar in the comparison to the 116 patients using version 3. Among the 138 patients analyzed, only one patient rated the experience as greater than “mild claustrophobia.” 100% of patients answered either “none” or “mild” to the pain and shortness of breath questions. The NPFS (v.4) was then successfully used in four patients for laser laryngoscopy with biopsy of laryngeal papilloma (3/4) and hemorrhagic polyp (1/4). Post‐procedure questionnaire identified no shortness of breath (4/4), no claustrophobia (4/4), no pain (4/4) and no significant changes in pulse oximetry during use.ConclusionExtensive experience in performing diagnostic laryngoscopy with the NPFS directed design changes leading to successful use for transnasal flexible laser laryngoscopy with biopsy in a negative pressure microenvironment.Level of EvidenceLevel 2b (Cohort Study).
Production of C6–C14 Medium‐Chain Fatty Acids in Seeds and Leaves via Overexpression of Single Hotdog‐Fold Acyl‐Lipid Thioesterases
Authors: Kalinger Rebecca S. , Williams Danielle , Ahmadi Pirshahid Ali , Pulsifer Ian P. , Rowland Owen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractACYL‐LIPID THIOESTERASES (ALT) are a type of plant acyl–acyl carrier protein thioesterase that generate a wide range of medium‐chain fatty acids and methylketone (MK) precursors when expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli. While this makes ALT‐type thioesterases attractive as metabolic engineering targets to increase production of high‐value medium‐chain fatty acids and MKs in plant systems, the behavior of ALT enzymes in planta was not well understood before this study. To profile the substrate specificities of ALT‐type thioesterases in different plant tissue types, AtALT1‐4 from Arabidopsis thaliana, which have widely varied chain length and oxidation state preferences in E. coli, were overexpressed in Arabidopsis seeds, Camelina sativa seeds, and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Seed‐specific overexpression of ALT enzymes led to medium‐chain fatty acid accumulation in Arabidopsis and Camelina seed triacylglycerols, and transient overexpression in N. benthamiana demonstrated that the substrate preferences of ALT‐type thioesterases in planta generally agree with those previously determined in E. coli. AtALT1 and AtALT4 overexpression in leaves and seeds resulted in the accumulation of 12–14 carbon‐length fatty acids and 6–8 carbon‐length fatty acids, respectively. While it was difficult to completely profile the products of ALT‐type thioesterases that generate MK precursors (i.e. β‐keto fatty acids), our results nonetheless demonstrate that ALT enzymes are catalytically diverse in planta. The knowledge gained from this study is a significant step towards being able to use ALT‐type thioesterases as metabolic engineering tools to modify the fatty acid profiles of oilseed crops, other plants, and microorganisms.
Understanding the Temperature‐Responsive Self‐Assemblies of Amphiphilic Random Copolymers by SANS in D2O Solution
Authors: Domenici Fabio , Guazzelli Elisa , Masotti Elena , Mahmoudi Najet , Gabrielli Sara , Telling Mark T. F. , Martinelli Elisa , Galli Giancarlo , Paradossi Gaio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe self‐assembly behavior, in aqueous solution, of amphiphilic methacrylic random copolymers with perfluoroalkyl and polyoxyethylene side chains and the morphology of the resulting nanostructures are investigated by small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). The results allow to clarify the effect of temperature on the self‐assembly features of copolymers and the structural morphology of both unimer single‐chain entities and larger multi‐chain aggregates of unimers. Shape, flexibility, and size of the aggregates are proved to be modulated by temperature and copolymer composition. The existence of three distinct phases of self‐assembled structures is pointed out as a function of increasing temperature: 1) globular unimers; 2) coexistence of extended unimers and aggregates; and 3) aggregates, which overall show full reversibility in a wide range of copolymer concentrations.
Temperature and pH Responsive Light‐Harvesting System Based on AIE‐Active Microgel for Cell Imaging
Authors: Fan Xiaotong , Teng Choon Peng , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Li Zibiao , Wang Tingting , Chen Haiming , Jiang Lu , Hou Xunan , He Chaobin , Liu Junqiu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA highly emissive microgel is synthesized by polymerizing tetraphenylethene (TPE) based comonomers, acrylic acid, NIPAM, and permanent crosslinker ethylenebisacrylamide (BIS) (named as TPE microgel), which exhibited temperature responsive fluorescence emission. Rhodamine B (RhB), a positively charged molecule, is then inserted onto the surface of fabricated microgels through electrostatic interaction. As a result, a novel artificial light harvesting system with high energy transfer efficiency is constructed (named as TPE microgel‐RhB light harvesting system), which is the first light harvesting system based on TPE microgels presenting dual response to pH and temperature. MTT assay indicates the fabricated TPE microgel and TPE microgel‐RhB light harvesting system has good cytocompatibility. The strong fluorescence and good cytocompatibility make them perfect candidates for cell imaging. The prepared emissive microgel and light‐harvesting system with desirable fluorescent property not only provide a new strategy for the fabrication of tunable luminescent nanomaterials, but also expand potential applications in the fields of stomach recognition, temperature sensors, and drug delivery.
Laser‐Induced NanoKneading (LINK): Deformation of Patterned Azopolymer Nanopillar Arrays via Photo‐Fluidization
Authors: Ho Jhih‐Hao , Shih Tsung‐Wei , Liu Chih‐Ting , He Hung‐Chieh , Lin Yu‐Liang , Lee Lin‐Ruei , Lin Kuan‐Ting , Tseng Yu‐Hsuan , Sugiyama Teruki , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrdered arrays of polymer nanostructures have been widely investigated because of their promising applications such as solar‐cell devices, sensors, and supercapacitors. It remains a great challenge, however, to manipulate the shapes of individual nanostructures in arrays for tailoring specific properties. In this study, an effective strategy to prepare anisotropic polymer nanopillar arrays via photo‐fluidization is presented. Azobenzene‐containing polymers (azopolymers) are first infiltrated into the nanopores of ordered anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. After the removal of the AAO templates using weak bases, azopolymer nanopillar arrays can be prepared. Upon exposure of linearly polarized lights, azobenzene groups in the azopolymers undergo trans–cis–trans photoisomerization, causing mass migration and elongation of the nanopillar along with the polarization directions. As a result, anisotropic nanopillar arrays can be fabricated, of which the deformation degrees are controlled by the illumination times. Furthermore, patterned nanopillar arrays can also be constructed with designed photomasks. This work presents a practical and versatile strategy to fabricate arrays of anisotropic nanostructures for future technical applications.
Controllable Radical Polymerization of Selenide Functionalized Vinyl Monomers and Its Application in Redox Responsive Photonic Crystals
Authors: Liu Shaoxiang , Li Qilong , Li Yingying , Zhang Jiandong , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhu Jian , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSelenium‐containing monomer (p‐phenylseleno) styrene (p‐PhSeSt) is polymerized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Polymer, (P(p‐PhSeSt)), with controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight is obtained. The selenide moiety in obtained P(p‐PhSeSt) can be selectively oxidized to selenoxide or selenone groups by H2O2 or NaClO, respectively. These oxidized groups can be further reduced to selenide by Na2S2O4. The structure changing of polymers during such redox cycle is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography. Properties, such as thermal performance, glass transition temperature, water contact angles, and refractive indices, of the resulting polymers are systematically investigated before and after oxidation. In addition, SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal (IOPC) is fabricated by sacrificial polymer colloidal template method. Owing to changes of the RIs of P(p‐PhSeSt) after selective oxidation, the predictable change of PC bandgap as a redox‐responsive PC sensor is successfully realized, which provides new perspectives for modulating photonic crystals.
MCPIP1 expression positively correlates with melanoma‐specific survival of patients, and its overexpression affects vital intracellular pathways of human melanoma cells
Authors: Nowak Iwona , Brożyna Anna A. , Zabłocka Marzena , Student Sebastian , Durbas Małgorzata , Bugara Beata , Rokita Hanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe suppressive activity of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1‐induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) an inflammation‐related ribonuclease, has been described in a few cancer types but has yet to be assessed in the most common subtype of skin cancer: melanoma. Here, we have evaluated the MCPIP1 expression in melanoma tissues by reanalysis of publicly available transcriptome data from 89 melanoma samples, and immunohistochemical staining of 21 primary and 81 metastatic melanomas. Our data implicated decreased MCPIP1 expression in melanoma tumors compared to normal tissues, and positive correlation between high ribonuclease expression and melanoma‐specific survival of patients. To investigate the ribonuclease activity in melanoma cells, MCPIP1 was ectopically expressed in the MV3 human melanoma cell line. Following the transcriptome, proteome, and intracellular signaling of MCPIP1‐overexpressing MV3 cells was assessed via real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and RNAseq. MV3 cells overexpressing MCPIP1 exhibited a broad range of alterations in the transcriptome and proteome, as well as in the phosphorylation status of a number of proteins, strongly indicating MCPIP1‐dependent cell cycle arrest and inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling in these cells. Moreover, we have shown, that MCPIP1 overexpression downregulates miRNA‐193a‐3p expression in MV3 cells. Furthermore, the majority of the described effects were dependent on the ribonucleolytic activity of the protein. The presented body of data strongly suggests a potential tumor suppressor role and possible future application as a positive prognostic marker of MCPIP1 protein in melanoma.
Body Mass Index Is Significantly Associated With Disease Severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 Patients
Authors: Almaguer‐Mederos Luis E. , Pérez‐Ávila Ilbedis , Aguilera‐Rodríguez Raúl , Velázquez‐Garcés Maria , Almaguer‐Gotay Dennis , Hechavarría‐Pupo Ricardo , Rodríguez‐Estupiñán Annelié , Auburger Georg 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 2 is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder due to an unstable expansion of a CAG repeat in the ATXN2 gene. Although weight loss has been associated with disease progression in several neurodegenerative conditions, it has been barely assessed in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test whether body mass index is altered in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 with varying expansion sizes from early to late disease stages.MethodsA cross‐sectional case–control study was performed, which included 222 clinically and molecularly diagnosed patients and 214 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy individuals. ATXN2 genotypes and sex were considered as risk factors. Clinical outcomes included the body mass index, age at onset, disease duration, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score, disease stage, dysphagia, and progression rate. Multiple linear regression models were generated.ResultsBody mass index was significantly decreased in male patients, but not in female patients, relative to control subjects. In addition to sex, body mass index was significantly associated with age at onset and progression rate. Conversely, body mass index, along with repeat length in ATXN2 expanded alleles and disease duration, was associated with Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score. In addition, body mass index, along with the age at onset and the repeat length in ATXN2 normal and expanded alleles, has a significant influence on progression rate.ConclusionsBody mass index might be a useful biomarker of disease severity, particularly in male patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 in the context of nutritional interventions or clinical trials assessing the efficacy of promising new drugs. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society