bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary guided dentistry, digital quality control, and the “copy‐paste” concepts
Authors: Coachman Christian , Bohner Lauren , Jreige Camila Sales , Sesma Newton , Calamita Marcelo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this report is to present an interdisciplinary approach with novel concepts to virtually plan and achieve esthetics and function.Clinical ConsiderationsDespite the advancements in the digital workflow applied to restorative dentistry, the final outcomes are commonly not similar to initial planning. To overcome this major limitation, three concepts are proposed: guided dentistry, digital quality control and “copy‐paste” dentistry. Guided dentistry consists of simulations in 3D software and also includes the manufacture of guides/appliances to assist dentists in all clinical steps. Digital quality control involves the use of intraoral scanners and 3D software to compare the real outcomes with the pre‐operative simulations after every procedure. “Copy‐paste” dentistry is a consequence of the previous two concepts. Using the capacity of the software to overlap files, the original project can be maintained and adapted to achieve results more comparable with the initial design. The proposed method associates facially driven treatment planning and periodontal and restorative procedures to perform the patient's dental rehabilitation.ConclusionThrough a guided workflow and digital control of clinical steps, the final outcomes obtained were equivalent and closer to the initial design.Clinical SignificanceIn interdisciplinary cases, the treatment plan needs to address individual requirements and to coordinate sequential clinical stages. It is challenging to meet these demands in a conventional process. The proposed concepts engage technological resources to orientate the procedures and to provide assessment in each step. This approach enables the development of a complete and accurate functional‐esthetic rehabilitation. Ultimately, the technique presented is reproducible and the results reflect the established plan.
Nursing in Albania: A Catalytic Force in Transforming Health Professionals and Health Care
Authors: Rocco Gennaro , Affonso Dyanne , Caruso Rosario , Duka Blerina , Giardina Bruno , Notarnicola Ippolito , Sabatino Laura , Shaffer Franklin , Stievano Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTransitions in nursing education and professionalism that align with global nursing standards are elucidated as critical success factors in transforming health professionals and health care in Albania. Progressive educational and regulatory pathways throughout the 2000s (1999–2020) are emphasized for their impact on the Albanian health system, including the achievement of universal healthcare coverage.MethodsData collected by the Ministry of Health and Sport and the Regulatory Authority for nursing and other healthcare professions in Albania were analyzed and outcomes explicated with regard to Albania’s major health challenges.Discussion and ConclusionsThree milestones affirmed nursing as a driving force in the Albanian healthcare system: (a) nurses constitute the largest health professional workforce via a nurse–patient ratio of 1:400 in contrast to a physician–patient ratio of 1:2,500; (b) nurses are frontline care providers via clinical leadership in the management of primary healthcare centers, which ensure universal healthcare coverage; and (c) nurses are first responders via their presence and compassionate caring in the primary healthcare centers, including making critical shifts in converting primary healthcare centers to urgent care centers as needed.Clinical RelevanceNursing advancements have implicated quality care and professionalism in Albania across the health professions via three critical pathways: (a) health professional education at a university degree level for entry into practice (since 1999), which was prompted by and driven by nursing’s quest to be a self‐regulated profession (achieved in 2007); (b) healthcare global standards sparked by nursing’s mandate toward professional autonomy, as achieved via regulatory procedures and policies; and (c) interprofessional healthcare initiatives that serve as collaborative platforms for innovative educational, clinical, and research projects.
Non‐surgical rhinoplasty using hyaluronic acid dermal fillers: A systematic review
Authors: Kumar Vaibhav , Jain Anuj , Atre Swarali , Shome Debraj , Kapoor Rinky , Doshi Komal , Vadera Sapna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐surgical rhinoplasty using hyaluronic acid dermal fillers is a cosmetic procedure that has been becoming increasingly popular among patients wanting to correct nasal deformities or nasal irregularities, in the recent years.AimThis systematic review aims to provide quality evidence about the success of non‐surgical rhinoplasty procedures in terms of patient satisfaction and complications.MethodsA systematic electronic literature search using keywords and MESH search terms over the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and EBSCO online databases was conducted from November 2005 to February 2021. Additionally, the reference lists of included systematic reviews were hand searched. Data collected included patient satisfaction and complications from prospective and experimental studies providing highest level of evidence. Articles were critically appraised, and MINORS scale was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsBased on the search criteria, 2896 citations were found. After removing duplicates and screening for relevance, 23 citations were finalized for full‐text review, of which 12 articles were excluded and 11 articles were included in the study. The average satisfaction of patients amongst the studies was found to be >90%. In all the studies, transient edema and erythema, post‐injection pain, and bruising were some temporary complications. Rare complications that were reported were vascular impairments and hematoma.ConclusionsNon‐surgical rhinoplasty is a good, minimally invasive alternative over conventional rhinoplasty. There is however a paucity of quality data in the form of experimental and prospective studies regarding the accuracy, effectiveness, and complications of non‐surgical rhinoplasty.
Nurses’ perceptions of their role with respect to promoting physical activity in adult patients: a systematic review
Authors: van Hell‐Cromwijk Marlies , Metzelthin Silke F. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Verstraten Carolien , Kroeze Willemieke , de Man van Ginkel Janneke M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify the nurses’ perceptions of their role with respect to promoting physical activity in adult patients and factors related to this role perceptions.BackgroundAgeing and chronic diseases are often accompanied by a decrease in physical activity. Nurses are in an excellent position to promote physical activity, because of their close and frequent interactions with patients. However, they often fail to actively stimulate patients to physical activity due to a lack of time, competing priorities and their focus on acute problems. Unclear was how nurses view their professional role in the promotion of physical activity.DesignSystematic literature review.MethodsPubMed, COCHRANE and CINAHL EBSCO were searched for papers published from 2006 to September 2019. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality, using MMAT criteria. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data. The PRISMA statement was followed for reporting.ResultsOverall, 10 quantitative, eight qualitative and one mixed methods study were included in the review. Analyses of these studies resulted in six themes: (1) active and professional role; (2) the recognised importance; (3) fear of patient falling; (4) patient's present health and need; (5) interdisciplinary context and responsibility; and (6) nurses’ knowledge.ConclusionsNurses perceive they have an active role in the promotion of physical activity and consider it as important and part of their professional role. Clear guidance increased education and stronger awareness of guidelines might enable nurses to translate their perceived role into daily practice. This will enhance professional fulfilment as well as patients’ physical activity.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings guide the development of interventions that aim to improve nursing care with respect to the promotion of physical activity and help managers and educators to provide appropriate resources and education.
Prevalence of umbilical artery Doppler waveform abnormality during the early second trimester and the subsequent variation of waveforms in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nakanishi Kentaro , Muto Haruka , Yamamoto Ryo , Kawaguchi Haruna , Hayashi Shusaku , Ishii Keisuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of qualitative abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms (Abnormal UA) during the early second trimester and the subsequent variation of waveforms in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 153 MCDA twin pregnancies. Pulsed Doppler examinations for UA were performed at four points, including the free‐loop (FL) and near the placental cord insertion site (CI) of each UA, between 16 and 17 weeks' gestation. Cases were classified into positive diastolic waveforms (Type I), persistent Abnormal UA (Type II), and intermittent Abnormal UA (Type III). When the diastolic velocity in UA Doppler was positive twice after different sequential recordings, the cases were determined to have achieved normalization. Follow‐up Doppler examinations of the UA were performed at 24, 28, and 32 weeks' gestation.ResultsOf all 153 cases, 38 (25%; 19 Type II and 19 Type III cases) showed Abnormal UA at the first examination. Abnormal UA was detectable at FL in all selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) cases, whereas it was noted only at CI site in some non‐sIUGR cases. Abnormal UA normalized in 12 (63%) Type II and 15 (79%) Type III cases.ConclusionsA quarter of MCDA twin pregnancies in the early second trimester demonstrated Abnormal UA. In MCDA twins with Abnormal UA between 16 and 17 weeks' gestation, it is preferable to follow them up to consider the possibility of normalization of Abnormal UA as well as features of UA waveforms specific to FL and CI.
Hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics after discontinuation of and retreatment with oral antivirals in non‐cirrhotic HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chen Hongjie , Ding Xia , Liao Guichan , Xia Muye , Ren Zuning , Fan Rong , Peng Jie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe outcome of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) discontinuation and retreatment is still uncertain. We evaluated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) kinetics after NAs discontinuation and during retreatment due to off‐treatment clinical relapse among non‐cirrhotic HBeAg‐positive CHB patients. Four groups were studied: 129 HBeAg‐positive patients from a prospective cohort who stopped NAs therapy after achieving sustained response (Group A), 39 patients who received retreatment after off‐treatment clinical relapse in the discontinuation group (Group B), 214 patients who maintained treatment after achieving sustained response (Group C) and 291 patients who firstly initiated antiviral treatment (Group D). During a 5‐year follow‐up, the cumulative incidence of HBsAg loss was significantly higher in Group A than Group C (22.3% vs. 1.6%, p < .001). The quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg) level at enrolment and NAs discontinuation were independently associated with HBsAg loss. Additionally, patients in Group B showed significantly greater HBsAg loss than those in the Groups C and D, with 5‐year cumulative incidences of 9.0%, 1.6% (p = .040) and 0.6% (p < .001), respectively. Moreover, patients in the Group B exhibited better virologic response (100% vs. 98.8%, p < .001) and HBeAg seroconversion (92.6% vs. 69.8%, p < .001) than those in Group D at year 5. Propensity score‐matched analysis also showed the similar trend of HBsAg decline. NAs discontinuation with or without subsequent retreatment resulted in a more profound reduction of HBsAg in non‐cirrhotic HBeAg‐positive patients, suggesting that discontinuation may be a potential cure strategy for those with sustained virological suppression.
Risk‐sensitive benchmarked asset management with expert forecasts
Authors: Davis Mark H.A. , Lleo Sébastien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe propose a continuous‐time model in which investors use expert forecasts to construct a benchmark‐outperforming portfolio in two steps. The estimation step takes the form of a Kalman filter. The control step derives the optimal investment policy in closed form and establishes that the value function is the unique classical solution to the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman partial differential equation. We show that the optimal investment policy generates a continuum of investment strategies, from passive benchmark replication to fully active bets in the Kelly portfolio. However, our model warns against over‐betting on financial markets. Moreover, we find that the Kelly portfolio performs both security selection and factor tilt. A simulation study with market data confirms that factor choice is critical at every stage of the investment process. Finally, debiasing is equally crucial. Portfolios with debiased expert forecasts outperform portfolios with biased forecasts.
Developments of a population‐based prospective cohort study for dementia (the Nakajima study) and an educational program for dementia experts (the NINPRO)
Authors: Yamada Masahito 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAging of population is rapidly growing in Japan and all over the world. To overcome problem associated with an increase of older people with dementia, we have conducted a population‐based cohort study for dementia in Nakajima, Ishikawa, Japan (the Nakajima study) since 2006, and an educational program for development of dementia experts (the NINPRO) since 2014. The Nakajima study aimed to develop methods for early detection, prevention, and treatment of dementia; we developed a computerized assessment battery for cognition (C‐ABC) that can detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as dementia around 5 min and reported usefulness of magnetoencephalography as a tool of detection of early Alzheimer's disease (AD); we explored potentials of dietary polyphenols as preventive and therapeutic agents for AD/dementia leading to clinical trials. The NINPRO has provided activities for learning the basics, clinical practice, and care of dementia using e‐learning lectures and web‐based conferences, and has involved about 2,300 people of medical doctors, nurses, caregivers, and other professionals related to dementia. The Nakajima study and the NINPRO would contribute to improvement of prevention, early detection, medical practice, care, social welfare, and all other aspects of dementia in a super‐aged society in the middle of the 21st century.
Prospective cohort study of bedroom heating and risk of common cold in children
Authors: Ishimaru Tomohiro , Mine Yuko , Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir , Miyake Fuyu , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Ikaga Toshiharu , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn countries with mild winter climates and inadequate heating, the relationship between housing conditions and health outcomes in winter have not been well studied. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between heater type and temperature factors in the bedroom and incidence of the common cold among children in Japan.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we distributed baseline questionnaires and temperature loggers in December 2019 and administered follow‐up questionnaires in March 2020. We recruited children under the age of 15 years. We performed Poisson regression analysis and logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 297 participants, air conditioners were the most prevalent (n = 105, 35%), followed by gas or kerosene heaters (n = 50, 17%), and floor heaters (n = 31, 10%). Air‐conditioners were associated with higher incidence of all events related to the common cold, especially having a fever (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41–2.40). Gas or kerosene and floor heaters showed a lower incidence rate of some events related to the common cold, such as school or nursery school absence (aIRR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.37–0.82 and aIRR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23–0.67, respectively). Bedroom temperature did not show a positive association, but children who always felt cold showed a higher incidence of some events related to the common cold.ConclusionsOur findings imply that the heating approach and modal thermal comfort, such as location of heating appliances, humidity, airflow, and radiant heat, may be more important for the onset of common cold in children than bedroom temperature itself.
Do Citizens Want Something for Nothing? Mass Attitudes and the Federal Budget
Authors: Tuxhorn Kim‐Lee , D'Attoma John , Steinmo Sven 
Published: April 2021

Prior research has shown that citizens demand more public spending for government services but are unwilling to support tax increases to cover the increased costs. Yet the basis for this observed inconsistency in fiscal preferences remains unclear. Some scholars propose that the desire “something for nothing” could be the result of citizens lacking knowledge about taxation, public spending, and the inherent trade‐offs between the two sides of the ledger, while others suggest that citizens sincerely want the benefits without paying the costs. This article contributes to the literature by studying citizens' fiscal priorities under the condition of near‐complete information about the U.S. federal budget. We used an online budget simulation—based on the actual U.S. federal budget—to provide respondents with information about the structure of the federal budget and gather data on their preferred changes in the budget. Further, we conducted a population‐based survey and found that respondents express preferences that are more nuanced—and more coherent—than previously suggested.Related ArticlesAriely, Gal. 2011. “Why People (Dis)Like the Public Service: Citizen Perception of the Public Service and the NPM Doctrine.” Politics & Policy 39 (6): 997‐1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00329.xFisher, Patrick. 2008. “The Partisan Foundations of Balanced Budget Politics.” Politics & Policy 33 (4): 617‐641. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2005.tb00216.xSmith, Robert W. 2008. “The Courage to Tax: Rational Choice versus State Budgetary Politics in the South.” Politics & Policy 32 (4): 636‐659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2004.tb00199.x
In vivo functional analysis of the structural domains of FLUORESCENT (FLU)
Authors: Hou Zhiwei , Pang Xiaoqing , Hedtke Boris , Grimm Bernhard 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe control of chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis in angiosperms depends on the light‐operating enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). The interruption of Chl synthesis during darkness requires suppression of the synthesis of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), the first precursor molecule specific for Chl synthesis. The inactivation of glutamyl‐tRNA reductase (GluTR), the first enzyme in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, accomplished the decreased ALA synthesis by the membrane‐bound protein FLUORESCENT (FLU) and prevents overaccumulation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in the dark. We set out to elucidate the molecular mechanism of FLU‐mediated inhibition of ALA synthesis, and explored the role of each of the three structural domains of mature FLU, the transmembrane, coiled‐coil and tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains, in this process. Efforts to rescue the FLU knock‐out mutant with truncated FLU peptides revealed that, on its own, the TPR domain is insufficient to inactivate GluTR, although tight binding of the TPR domain to GluTR was detected. A truncated FLU peptide consisting of transmembrane and TPR domains also failed to inactivate GluTR in the dark. Similarly, suppression of ALA synthesis could not be achieved by combining the coiled‐coil and TPR domains. Interaction studies revealed that binding of GluTR and POR to FLU is essential for inhibiting ALA synthesis. These results imply that all three FLU domains are required for the repression of ALA synthesis, in order to avoid the overaccumulation of Pchlide in the dark. Only complete FLU ensures the formation of a membrane‐bound ternary complex consisting at least of FLU, GluTR and POR to repress ALA synthesis.
Canine presumed glial brain tumours treated with radiotherapy: Is there an inferior outcome in tumours contacting the subventricular zone?
Authors: Rohrer Bley Carla , Staudinger Chris , Bley Tim , Marconato Laura , Sabattini Silvia , Beckmann Katrin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPost‐treatment outcome in canine glial tumours is described with a broad range of survival times between 2 and 28 months. After surgery or radiation therapy, the tumours may progress locally or spread within the central nervous system. It is unknown if tumour‐ or patient‐specific factors influence prognosis. In humans, glioblastoma involving the subventricular zone has been found to recur distantly, with shortened time to progression and overall survival. We included 32 dogs irradiated for a presumptive primary glial brain tumour in this retrospective cohort study. Tumours were grouped relative to subventricular zone contact and overt ventricular invasion assessing pre‐treatment magnetic resonance images. Median time to progression (TTP) for all cases was 534 days (95%CI, 310–758), with a significantly shorter TTP in dogs with lesions at the subventricular zone (median TTP, 260 vs. 687 days; p = .049). Tumours at the subventricular zone progressed more often (p = .001), and more likely as CNS‐metastasis (52.9% vs. 13.3%, p = .028). Median overall survival (OS) was 489 days (95%CI, 147–831) and median tumour‐specific survival 609 days (95%CI, 382–835). Involvement of the subventricular zone was significantly associated with a shorter tumour‐specific survival (median, 306 vs. 719 days; p = .044). Glial tumours contacting the subventricular zone in dogs have a shorter tumour‐specific survival and a higher rate of progression and CNS‐metastasis. Despite local tumour control, metastasis must be considered and should prompt further treatment approaches.