bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Delivery of Encapsulated All-Trans Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Disease in Rodent Models of Colitis
Authors: Nicoletti Ferdinando , Hammer Laura , Furtado Stacia , Mangano Katia , Mathiowitz Edith , Green Benjamin , Auci Dominick L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a biologically active isomer of retinoic acid (RA). Topical ATRA (retin-a, retin-a micro, atralin, renova, and avita) is the active pharmaceutical ingredient for FDA-approved treatments for acne and skin wrinkles. Oral formulations (Vesanoid) treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, but oral dosing can induce severe side effects. Despite benefits in various rodent models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), toxicity and controversial clinical observations have diminished enthusiasm for ATRA IBD clinical trials. To circumvent these issues and to use ATRA’s key role in maintaining gut tolerance, we developed a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere (MS) encapsulated ATRA formulation aimed at directing ATRA delivery to immune structures of the gut, limiting systemic exposure. Initially, ATRA MS was developed as a component of a combinatorial product (TreXTAM) that also contained encapsulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and ATRA in a 1:2 w/w ratio. Although the combination was optimal, benefit was also observed when ATRA MS was given alone in the CD4+ CD25-T-cell adoptive transfer (ACT) colitis model.

Methods
We used the ACT and DSS-induced murine models of colitis to expand on the dose-dependent effects of oral ATRA MS when given alone. The DSS model was also used to compare the efficacy of ATRA MS and soluble ATRA, while healthy animals were used to compare the pharmacokinetics of the two drugs.

Results
In both the ACT and DSS-induced murine models of colitis, ATRA MS was observed to be effective in ameliorating disease. ATRA MS was also observed to be more effective than soluble ATRA in these models and displayed more favorable pharmacokinetics.

Conclusions
We suggest ATRA MS, as a standalone product, may attenuate IBD and perhaps limit fibrosis, while limiting systemic side effects.
Joint Estimation of Generation Time and Incubation Period for Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Lau Yiu Chung , Tsang Tim K , Kennedy-Shaffer Lee , Kahn Rebecca , Lau Eric H Y , Chen Dongxuan , Wong Jessica Y , Ali Sheikh Taslim , Wu Peng , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a heavy disease burden globally. The impact of process and timing of data collection on the accuracy of estimation of key epidemiological distributions are unclear. Because infection times are typically unobserved, there are relatively few estimates of generation time distribution.

Methods
We developed a statistical framework to jointly estimate generation time and incubation period from human-to-human transmission pairs, accounting for sampling biases. We applied the framework on 80 laboratory-confirmed human-to-human transmission pairs in China. We further inferred the infectiousness profile, serial interval distribution, proportions of presymptomatic transmission, and basic reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19.

Results
The estimated mean incubation period was 4.8 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1–5.6), and mean generation time was 5.7 days (95% CI, 4.8–6.5). The estimated R0 based on the estimated generation time was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.9–2.4). A simulation study suggested that our approach could provide unbiased estimates, insensitive to the width of exposure windows.

Conclusions
Properly accounting for the timing and process of data collection is critical to have correct estimates of generation time and incubation period. R0 can be biased when it is derived based on serial interval as the proxy of generation time.
How does former Salter innominate osteotomy in patients with Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease influence acetabular orientation? An MRI-based study
Authors: Bellova Petri , Goronzy Jens , Blum Sophia , Bürger Simon , Hartmann Albrecht , Günther Klaus-Peter , Thielemann Falk 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Salter innominate osteotomy (SIO) has been successfully used in the treatment of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD). Recent studies that have raised concerns about acetabular retroversion after SIO have been based on plain radiographs. In order to assess the true acetabular orientation, the present study uses a specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. In addition, the association between acetabular morphology and clinical function as well as health-related quality of life was assessed. Twenty-three patients with 24 operated hips who underwent SIO for LCPD between January 2004 and November 2014 were included. Mean age was 8.5 ± 2.2 years at surgery and 18.5 ± 2.9 years at follow-up. MRIs were conducted at 1.5 T using radial sequences. The analysis included the acetabular version, acetabular sector angles (ASAs) and alpha angles. Plain radiographs were used in order to obtain the Stulberg classification. Patient-related outcome measures included the international Hip Outcome Tool and Euroqol-5 dimensions scores. In comparison to the non-operated side, the MRI of previously operated hips showed no difference of version at the center of the femoral head but significantly decreased version just below the roof level. As a marker for posterior acetabular coverage, the ASAs between 9 and 11 o’clock were significantly decreased when compared with non-operated hips. In hips with a mild acetabular retroversion (&lt;15°), the function was significantly decreased when compared with non-retroverted hips. The SIO is an effective tool in order to restore acetabular containment in LCPD. When compared with the non-operated hips, our collective displays only moderate changes of acetabular orientation and coverage.
Field Report and Survey ofFiorinia phantasma(Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Potential Pest of Palms, and Ornamental Plants in the United States
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Z , Miller Douglass R , Rohrig Eric A , Hodges Greg S , Roda Amy L , McKenzie Cindy L , Osborne Lance S 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFiorinia phantasma Cockerell & Robinson is an invasive, polyphagous pest recently found causing frond losses in ornamental palms in Miami-Dade County and in nurseries in Palm Beach County, Florida, USA. In this article, we document the discovery of this pest, its associated damage, closely related species, potential host plant species, a field guide, basic diagnostics, field dispersal, and available management options. Fiorinia phantasma is a pest of concern for ornamental plants demanding quick development of its management in Florida and preventative measures for other states in the United States. This article will help in detecting, identifying, and managing its early infestations.
Hypopituitarism in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy
Authors: Takagi Toshio , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Kondo Tsunenori , Fukuda Hironori , Ishihara Hiroki , Kobayashi Hirohito , Iizuka Junpei , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the incidence of hypopituitarism in Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who received ipilimumab and nivolumab (I-P) therapy and compared patient characteristics and survival rates between patients with hypopituitarism and those without.

Methods
Twenty-two patients with mRCC who received I-P therapy as first-line treatment were the subjects of this retrospective study. The diagnosis of hypopituitarism was based on the hormone loading test.

Results
Hypopituitarism occurred in 41% (9/22) patients who received I-P therapy. Median time of diagnosis was 12 weeks (IQR: 9.5–20). Clinical symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness or fever, were observed in 7 patients, while 2 patients had no clinical presentation. The following deficiency patterns were observed: isolated ACTH in 4 patients, ACTH and GH in 2 patients, ACTH and TSH in 2 patients and triple deficiency (ACTH, GH and TSH) in 1 patient. All patients with hypopituitarism were in the IMDC intermediate group, while 46% of those without hypopituitarism were in the IMDC intermediate group. Other patient characteristics were not different between the two groups. Object response rate was 33% (3/9) in patients with hypopituitarism and 23% (3/13) in those without (P = 0.5954). Progression free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in those with hypopituitarism than those without (median: 24.7 vs. 4.5 months, P = 0.0008), while overall survival did not differ (P = 0.136).

Conclusions
Compared with the clinical trial, the incidence of hypopituitarism was higher than expected. Patients with hypopituitarism tended to have longer PFS, which may suggest that optimal management of hypopituitarism results in better prognosis.
Television, Continuity, and Change: A Meta-Analysis of Five Decades of Cultivation Research
Authors: Hermann Erik , Morgan Michael , Shanahan James 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study is a meta-analysis of cultivation research from the 1970s to the present, based on three-level analyses of 3842 effect sizes from 406 independent samples. We found an overall effect size of .107 that varies only within a fairly narrow range across many potential moderators. Cultivation effects remain stable over the decades, implying an enduring relationship between television’s message system and viewers’ conceptions of social reality, despite immense changes in the institutional structure and technology of television. That bolsters a “traditional” perspective on cultivation, which is further corroborated by a stronger positive effect of overall viewing compared with genre viewing. However, this (stronger) effect weakens over time, which provides at least partial support for a “reformist” perspective on cultivation. Moreover, sample size and mode of data collection also moderate cultivation effects, with larger effects in smaller samples and in data collected via questionnaires compared with other methods.
A Latent Profile Analysis of Undocumented College Students’ Protection-Oriented Family Communication and Strengths-Based Psychological Coping
Authors: Kam Jennifer A , Cornejo Monica , Marcoulides Katerina M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDrawing from resilience theory, this study explored subgroups of undocumented college students (UCS) based on their patterns of protection-oriented family communication and strengths-based psychological coping. Using survey data from 237 UCS, latent profile analyses revealed three subgroups. Safe optimistic copers reported occasional documentation-seeking and know-your-rights communication, but higher means in prevention and right path communication, as well as optimistic coping. Comprehensive copers scored moderately high in all types of protection-oriented communication and psychological coping. Strengths-based psychological copers infrequently engaged in protection-oriented communication, yet they scored moderately to moderately high in positive psychological coping. Compared to the other two profiles, safe optimistic copers reported the worst wellbeing (highest mean anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbances; lowest mean perceived health and wellbeing). Comprehensive copers fared worse in anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbances compared to strengths-based psychological copers; however, comprehensive copers reported greater wellbeing, perceived health, and academic motivation.
Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis in patient with COVID-19: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Basukala Sunil , Shah Kunda Bikram , Karki Bibek , Thapa Narayan , Basukala Bikram , Karki Saurav , Pathak Bishnu Deep 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. So far, more than 4 million people worldwide have been infected with the virus. Various manifestations of coronavirus have been reported since the pandemic began. Among them, acute abdomen is one of the manifestations of COVID-19. Some studies have reported acute pancreatitis in several patient due to COVID-19 infection. In this study, we report a rare case in whom SARS-CoV-2 caused acute severe hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis.
Eating the messenger (RNA): autophagy shapes the cellular RNA landscape
Authors: Kumaran Girishkumar , Michaeli Simon 
Published: August 2021

This article comments on:Hickl D, Drews F, Girke C, Zimmer D, Mühlhaus T, Hauth J, Nordström K, Trentmann O, Neuhaus EH, Scheuring D, Fehlmann T, Keller A, Simon M, Möhlmann T. 2021. Differential degradation of RNA species by autophagy-related pathways in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 6867–6881.
The Direct Spectrophotometric Method Is Reliable for Initial Assessment of Total Bilirubin in Neonatal Venous Plasma
Authors: Makkong Paspimon , Choosongsang Pensiri , Choosongsang Phattanapong , Trongnit Sasipong , Sriwimol Wilaiwan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine the consistency of bilirubin values between the direct spectrophotometric (DS) and colorimetric diazo (diazo) methods in neonatal venous plasma specimens.

Methods
We measured the total bilirubin via the DS and diazo methods in 255 neonatal venous plasma specimens and compared the overall and subgroup results.

Results
Slight underestimation of total bilirubin values in most specimens using the DS method was observed, with higher mean biases found in higher concentrations. Significantly high positive correlations were found in all groups in which most of the different values were within the limits of agreement. DS cutoff of &gt; 12 mg/dL showed 100% for all predictive indices in comparison with the diazo cutoff &gt; 15 mg/dL.

Conclusions
Measurement of total bilirubin in neonatal venous plasma using the DS method had favorable agreement and high correlation with the diazo method. Therefore, the direct spectrophotometric method can be used as a reliable screening method.
Incidence of Optic Neuritis and the Associated Risk of Multiple Sclerosis for Service Members of U.S. Armed Forces
Authors: Gu Weidong , Tagg Nathan T , Panchal Nileshkumar L , Brown-Bickerstaff Cherrishe A , Nyman Julie M , Reynolds Mark E 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionOptic neuritis (ON), an acute inflammation of the optic nerve resulting in eye pain and temporary vision loss, is one of the leading causes of vision-related hospital bed days in the U.S. Military and may be a harbinger of multiple sclerosis (MS). We developed a case identification algorithm to estimate incidence rates of ON and the conversion rate to MS based on a retrospective assessment of medical records of service members (SMs) of the U.S. Armed Force.Materials and MethodsElectronic medical records (EMRs) from 2006 to 2018 in the Defense Medical Surveillance System were screened using the case identification algorithms for ON and MS diagnosis. The incidences rates of ON were calculated. The rates of conversion to MS was modeled using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of ON was 8.1 per 100,000 from 2006 to 2018. Females had a rate (16.9 per 100,000) three times higher than males. Most (68%) of subsequent diagnoses of MS were made within 1 year after diagnosis of ON. The overall 5-year risk of progression to MS was 15% (11%–16% for 95% CI). The risk of conversion to MS in females was significantly higher than in males.ConclusionsWe developed an efficient tool to explore the EMR database to estimate the burden of ON in the U.S. Military and the MS conversion based on a dynamic cohort. The estimated conversion rates to MS feeds into inform retention and fitness-for-duty policy in these SMs.
The dwarf galaxy population in nearby clusters from the KIWICS survey
Authors: Choque-Challapa Nelvy , Aguerri J Alfonso L , Mancera Piña Pavel E , Peletier Reynier , Venhola Aku , Verheijen Marc 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse a sample of 12 galaxy clusters, from the Kapteyn IAC WEAVE INT Cluster Survey (KIWICS) looking for dwarf galaxy candidates. By using photometric data in the r and g bands from the Wide Field Camera (WFC) at the 2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope (INT), we select a sample of bright dwarf galaxies (M$_r\, \le$ −15.5 mag) in each cluster and analyse their spatial distribution, stellar colour, and as well as their Sérsic index and effective radius. We quantify the dwarf fraction inside the R200 radius of each cluster, which ranges from ∼0.7 to ∼0.9. Additionally, when comparing the fraction in the inner region with the outermost region of the clusters, we find that the fraction of dwarfs tends to increase going to the outer regions. We also study the clustercentric distance distribution of dwarf and giant galaxies (M$_r\, \lt $ −19.0 mag), and in half of the clusters of our sample, the dwarfs are distributed in a statistically different way as the giants, with the giant galaxies being closer to the cluster centre. We analyse the stellar colour of the dwarf candidates and quantify the fraction of blue dwarfs inside the R200 radius, which is found to be less than ∼0.4, but increases with distance from the cluster centre. Regarding the structural parameters, the Sérsic index for the dwarfs we visually classify as early-type dwarfs tends to be higher in the inner region of the cluster. These results indicate the role that the cluster environment plays in shaping the observational properties of low-mass haloes.
Orthogonal CRISPR-associated transposases for parallel and multiplexed chromosomal integration
Authors: Yang Siqi , Zhang Yiwen , Xu Jiaqi , Zhang Jiao , Zhang Jieze , Yang Junjie , Jiang Yu , Yang Sheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cell engineering is commonly limited to the serial manipulation of a single gene or locus. The recently discovered CRISPR-associated transposases (CASTs) could manipulate multiple sets of genes to achieve predetermined cell diversity, with orthogonal CASTs being able to manipulate them in parallel. Here, a novel CAST from Pseudoalteromonas translucida KMM520 (PtrCAST) was characterized without a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) preference which can achieve a high insertion efficiency for larger cargo and multiplexed transposition and tolerate mismatches out of 4-nucleotide seed sequence. More importantly, PtrCAST operates orthogonally with CAST from Vibrio cholerae Tn6677 (VchCAST), though both belonging to type I-F3. The two CASTs were exclusively active on their respective mini-Tn substrate with their respective crRNAs that target the corresponding 5 and 2 loci in one Escherichia coli cell. The multiplexed orthogonal MUCICAT (MUlticopy Chromosomal Integration using CRISPR-Associated Transposases) is a powerful tool for cell programming and appears promising with applications in synthetic biology.
A 3-year study of the seasonal variability of abundance, biomass and reproductive traits of Oncaea venusta (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in a subtropical coastal area
Authors: de Melo Júnior Mauro , Miyashita Leonardo K , Lopes Rubens M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study reports on the abundance, biomass and reproductive traits of Oncaea venusta, a common pelagic copepod in tropical oceans, in a coastal area influenced by bottom intrusions of the cold and nutrient-rich South Atlantic Central Water (SACW). In addition to O. venusta abundance and biomass, we estimated egg production and weight-specific fecundity rates by applying the egg-ratio method and incubation experiments, at monthly intervals over 3 years (July 2005–June 2008), to understand potential SACW influences on reproductive patterns. Mean abundance and biomass were low, and no differences were detected with and without SACW intrusions. Mean clutch size (±SD) was 65.1 ± 28.9 eggs female−1 and egg production rates averaged 7.6 ± 12.4 and 9.3 ± 5.2 eggs female−1 day−1 (viability &gt;80%), for the egg-ratio method and incubation experiments, respectively, corresponding to a female weight-specific fecundity from 0.03 ± 0.05 to 0.04 ± 0.06 day−1. Oncaea venusta abundance and biomass were positively correlated with temperature, but no SACW influence on the reproductive rates was recorded. The egg production rate and the female weight-specific fecundity were influenced by the chlorophyll a concentration and the sex ratio. Although egg production and female weight-specific fecundity rates had peak values during intrusion events, no immediate impact on population abundance was observed within the same time interval.
IgA vasculitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: new insights into the role of TNF-α blockers
Authors: Rasmussen Camille , Abitbol Vered , El Karoui Khalil , Bourrier Anne , Paule Romain , Vuitton Lucine , Maurier François , Laharie David , Fuméry Mathurin , Agard Christian , Collins Michael , Nancey Stephane , Rafat Cédric , Kervegant Anne-Gaëlle , Queyrel-Moranne Viviane , Moulis Guillaume , Pigneur Bénédicte , Régent Alexis , Gay Claire , Morbieu Caroline , Durel Cécile Audrey , Ducloux Didier , Aubin François , Voicu Mickaela , Joher Nizar , Szwebel Tali , Martinez-Vinson Christine , Koch Stéphane , Guillevin Loïc , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The association of IgA vasculitis (IgAV) and IBD is rarely described, mainly during anti-TNF-α therapy. We aimed to describe the association of IgAV and IBD.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed the association of IgAV and IBD through the implication of the GETAID and FVSG networks. Characteristics of IBD and IgAV were collected using a standardized case report form.

Results
Forty-three cases were included. IBD [mainly Crohn’s disease (CD) in 58%] preceded IgAV in 38 (88%), with median interval of 9.2 (IQR 5.4–15.4) years. In these 38 patients, at IgAV diagnosis, five (13%) had active IBD and 28 (74%) were treated with anti-TNF-α for a median duration of 31.5 (IQR 19–56) months. Main IgAV manifestations were purpura all patients (100%), joints in 20/35 (57%), renal in 15/35 (43%) and gastrointestinal in 11/35 (31%) involvement. IgAV was treated with glucocorticoids in 25 (66%), colchicine in six (16%), CYC in six (16%) and anti-TNF-α were discontinued in 15/28 (54%). No IgAV relapse occurred when TNF-α blockers were stopped, vs 23% in patients pursuing it. Conversely, five (33%) had IBD flare or complication after anti-TNF-α cessation vs one (8%) in those continuing biologics. Anti-TNF-α were resumed in six (40%), with subsequent IgAV relapse in four (67%).

Conclusions
This large cohort suggests that TNF-α blockers may promote the onset of IgAV in IBD. Discontinuation of anti-TNF-α was associated with vasculitis remission but increased risk of IBD relapses, whereas continuation of anti-TNF-α was associated with IBD remission but vasculitis relapse.