bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective Sleep Quality and the Underlying Functional Neural Correlates Among Older Adults With Probable MCI
Authors: Hsu Chun Liang , Falck Ryan , Backhouse Daniel , Chan Patrick , Dao Elizabeth , ten Brinke Lisanne , Manor Brad , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Poor sleep is a strong risk factor for dementia and is commonly reported among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the neural underpinnings of poor sleep among older adults with MCI remains equivocal. The goal of this cross-sectional analysis was to explore the relationship between resting-state functional connectivity in the brain and sleep quality as measured by actigraphy. We hypothesize lower sleep efficiency and higher sleep fragmentation may be associated with aberrant functional connectivity of brain regions involved in somatosensory, somatomotor, and attentional processing. Thirty-six community-dwelling older adults with probable MCI between 65-85 years (mean=71.8 years) were assessed for sleep quality using a motion watch to quantify sleep efficiency and fragmentation over 14 days. All participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) within 14 days of sleep monitoring. Independent associations between network connectivity and sleep quality were determined using general linear models. Examined networks included the somatosensory network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and default mode network (DMN). Mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 22.5 (SD=2.7) and Mini-Mental State Examination score was 28.3 (SD=1.5). Mean sleep efficiency and fragmentation index was 80.1% and 31.8 respectively. Higher sleep fragmentation correlated with increased connectivity between the SMN and insula, the SMN and posterior cingulate, as well as FPN and primary motor area (Z=3.1; p&lt;0.05). These results suggest aberrant functional connectivity between brain regions involved in attentional and somatosensory processes may be associated with disrupted sleep mechanisms in older adults with MCI.
Wake After Sleep Onset Mediates the Link Between Neighborhood Social Environment and Cognition in Older Adults
Authors: Fausto Bernadette , Yu Kexin , Duberstein Paul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cognition is influenced by the neighborhood social and physical environment, but the underlying mechanisms by which neighborhood environment affects cognition are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that sleep mediates the effects between environmental exposures and cognition. We employed structural equation modeling to examine interrelationships among neighborhood social and physical environment, actigraphic sleep characteristics, and global cognition in a sample of older adults (N=3,196) from Round 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Results indicated that participants with better cognition lived in salutary (e.g., cohesive, safe) social environments (est.=0.03, p&lt;.001) and less disruptive (e.g., noisy, polluted) physical environments (est.=-0.04, p&lt;.001). The mediation hypothesis was partially supported. Time spent awake after sleep onset mediated the social environment-cognition relationship, but sleep characteristics did not mediate the physical environment-cognition relationship. Future work should identify other environmental influences on sleep and cognition in aging to inform public health intervention priorities.
Expanding Arizona’s Dementia Capable System
Authors: Coon David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Currently, 5.8 million US adults live with Alzheimer’s disease (ADRD); the number is expected to double by 2050. Arizona will experience the greatest percent increase in ADRD by 2025. This project targeted three underserved groups in order to expand Arizona’s dementia capable system: people living alone with ADRD; people with Down Syndrome or another intellectual/developmental disability (DS/IDD) aging with ADRD and their family caregivers; and people with ADRD and their caregivers in the Latino community. This presentation describes the development and delivery of the project’s educational workshops, case management services, and evidence-based programs. Over 2,220 participants have participated in workshops to date with the largest percentage being case managers, care coordinators, and discharge planners. Evaluations have been extremely positive with 86.1% being “very likely” to recommend the project to others. The presentation concludes with findings and lessons learned regarding the delivery of the project’s evidence-based programs and case management services.
Irving S. Wright Award of Distinction Lecture, Vincent Cristafalo Award Lecture, and Terrie Fox Wetle Award Lecture
Authors: Barzilai Nir , Wetle Terrie Fox 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Irving S. Wright Award of Distinction Lecture will feature an address by the 2021 recipient Malene Hansen, PhD of the Buck Institue for Research on Aging. The Vincent Cristofalo Rising Star Award in Aging Research lecture will feature an address by the 2021 recipient, Morgan Levine, PhD, of Yale University. The Terrie Fox Wetle Award lecture will feature an address by the 2020 recipient, Kali Thomas, PhD, FGSA of Brown University and an address by the 2021 recpient, Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi of the University of Wisconsin, Madison. These awards are given by the American Federation for Aging Research, Inc.
Domestic and International Perspectives on Financing Adult Education and Training
Authors: Helsinger Abigail , Dikhtyar Oksana , Cummins Phyllis , Hicks Nytasia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Adult education and training (AET) over the life-course is necessary to participate in economic, social, and political activities in the time of globalization and technological advancement. However, little research has been done to identify mechanisms to fund AET opportunities among middle-aged and older adults from a comparative international perspective. Our study aimed to identify strategies to finance AET opportunities for middle-aged and older adults through an international lens, to help identify barriers and facilitators in effort to best support adult learners regardless of education background or socioeconomic characteristics. We carried out a descriptive qualitative study to facilitate an in-depth understanding of funding mechanisms available to adult learners in the selected countries, from the perspective of adult education and policy experts. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 61 international adult education experts from government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and education institutions. Our informants represented 10 countries including Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Data included at least one in-depth phone or web-based qualitative interview per informant in addition to information gathered from written materials (e.g., peer-reviewed publications and organizational reports). We identified three financing options that arose as themes: government-sponsored funding; employer-sponsored funding; and self-funding. We found that government-sponsored funding is especially important for low-skilled, low-income older adults for whom employer-sponsored or self-funding is not available. Our results have implications for lifelong AET policy changes, such as adaptations of successful AET funding programs across global communities.
Characterizing Supportive Services Use by Caregiving Relationship Status
Authors: Travers Jasmine , Fabius Chanee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Informal caregivers of aging older adults experience a high degree of burden and strain. These emotional experiences often stem from stressful tasks associated with caregiving. Caregiving supportive services that target the provision of support for stressful tasks are instrumental in alleviating caregiving burden and strain. Research is limited on what types of caregiving supportive services caregivers are accessing by relationship status and their source of information. We sought to characterize caregiving supportive services use by caregiving relationship status. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Study of Caregiving limited to caregivers of older adults □65 years. Caregiver relationship status (i.e., spouse, child, other relative/non-relative) was the independent variable. Bivariate analyses were performed to examine the association with caregiver relationship status and 1) any use of supportive services, 2) type of supportive service used among users, and 3) source of information about supportive services. Our sample consisted of 1,871 informal caregivers, 30.7% reported using supportive services. By caregiver relationship status, children had the greatest use of supportive services compared to spouses and other relatives/non-relatives (33.3% vs. 22.5% vs. 22.1%, p=.02, respectively). Among users of services, there were no differences in type of services used. Spouses primarily received their information about services from a medical provider or social worker (73.8%, p=.004). Our findings highlight the need to ensure that other caregiving groups such as spouses have access to important supportive services such as financial support. Medical providers and/or social workers should be better leveraged and equipped to provide this information.
Shared Humanity: Advancing the Personhood of People Living With Dementia
Authors: Sabat Steven 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During the past three decades, the idea of personhood, and the degree to which people living with dementia (PLWD) possess it and ought to be treated as such, has been discussed by a number of important scholars such as Tom Kitwood and John Swinton. Although both asserted that PLWD ought to be treated as persons, their notions of personhood appear to be quite different. Kitwood noted that personhood was a status “bestowed” on another individual, whereas Swinton asserted that personhood was endemic to human beings. Yet, these approaches are complementary. I show, using case studies, how supportive communities are required for PLWD to teach us about our humanity, so long as we remain “finely aware and richly responsible” (Nussbaum, 1990). Our humanity is shared, in the Zulu concept of “Ubuntu” (Tutu, 1981;1989), when each individual’s humanity is ideally expressed in relationship with others. This has important implications for clinical practice.
Evaluation of the Savvy Caregiver Program for LGBTQIA Adults Living With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Flatt Jason , Pollock Kiera , Song Yeonsu , Wharton Whitney , Anderson Joel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Approximately 350,000 LGBTQIA+ older adults in the U.S. currently have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), with projections nearing 1 million by 2030. LGBTQIA+ older adults face challenges in receiving adequate and inclusive care and caregiving support due to the inability to rely on traditional family networks, greater disability, and discrimination when seeking aging services. Working with the Los Angeles LGBT Center Aging in Community Initiative, we evaluated the: 1) Adaptation of the Savvy caregiver training program for care providers of LGBTQIA+ persons living with ADRD; and 2) Feasibility and acceptability of the program. Care providers were very satisfied with the program, strategies, information, and activities of the tailored Savvy program. For psychosocial outcomes, there were trends in greater care planning, increases in asking friends/family for support, and decreased loneliness. Additional research is needed on culturally-relevant aging services and behavioral interventions for care providers of LGBTQIA+ persons living with ADRD.
Marital Status, Marital Transitions, and Sleep Quality in Mid to Late Life
Authors: August Kristin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sleep is an important behavior in the prevention and management of chronic conditions in later life. Marital status may account for variability in sleep quality, but little is known about this association in the later part of life or how transitions into and out of marriage are related to changes in sleep quality. This study used the resource model and crisis model as frameworks to understand how marital status and marital transitions were related to sleep quality in mid to late life and whether these findings differed by gender. Interview data from 2,872 participants 50-74 years old (M=59.77 years; 63.7% women) from the ORANJ BOWL, a longitudinal panel study in New Jersey, were used. Marital status and sleep quality were examined in two waves approximately 10 years apart. All analyses controlled for health and sociodemographic characteristics. Weighted regressions revealed that individuals in committed romantic relationships and women had worse sleep quality than those in other marital status groups and men (p&lt;.005). Weighted fixed effects regressions revealed that compared to individuals who remained married, individuals who remained divorced or widowed or who became widowed had better sleep quality, whereas those who became divorced had worse sleep quality (ps&lt;.05); individuals who transitioned into marriage had better sleep quality than those who remained divorced or widowed (ps&lt;.03). Findings differed depending on the index of sleep quality examined. Efforts to understand which middle-aged and older adults are most vulnerable to sleep disturbances can inform the design of interventions to promote better sleep quality.
Functional Mobility, Aging, and People With Mental Illness: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Zechner Michelle , Anderson Ellen , Gill Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
People with serious mental illness (SMI) are more likely to experience chronic health conditions at younger ages, which increases the risk of premature death. Co-morbid health conditions and risk for premature death are well-studied in the population, however less is understood about the impact of aging and SMI on functional ability. Research suggests that the population walk less and may have lower fitness levels than other populations (Gill et al., 2016). Specific data exploring functional age of people with SMI is sparse. The authors compared published standardized geriatric functional fitness values for people over 65 to baseline values of a community sample of people living with SMI who participated in a community health promotion intervention. The average age of the sample was 50 (SD=11). Three physical functioning measures were used in the comparison to measure physical functioning; the Sit to Stand Test, 6 Minute Walk, and Single Legged Stance. Results indicated significant differences in mean physical functioning values between the sample and standardized geriatric values. The sample performed at levels 20-30 years older than their chronological age. This finding suggests that mental health and aging services may need to adjust interventions, services and methods to improve physical functioning in middle-aged and older adults living with SMI. Premature functional decline impacts community living skills, independent living, housing choice, vocational options, and may impede personal goal attainment. Recommendations for interventions will be offered, as will suggestions for policies targeting services that cross aging and mental health silos.
Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Treatment Among Middle-Aged And Older Women
Authors: Sampson Laura , Jha Shaili , Ratanatharathorn Andrew , Roberts Andrea L , Kubzansky Laura D , Rimm Eric B , Koenen Karestan C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is twice as prevalent in women as in men, and is an established risk factor for chronic disease, but few studies have comprehensively assessed lifetime PTSD in middle-aged and older civilian women. We surveyed 33,328 women aged 54-74 from the Nurses’ Health Study II from August 2018 to January 2020 to understand trauma exposure, PTSD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Version 5, and trauma-related treatment use. The majority (82.2%) of women reported one or more lifetime traumas. 10.5% of those with trauma had lifetime PTSD and 1.5% had past-month PTSD. The most common trauma types were sudden or unexpected death of a loved one (44.9%) and interpersonal or sexual violence (43.5%). Almost 30% experienced occupational (nursing-related) trauma. Interpersonal or sexual violence event types explained the largest proportion of PTSD cases (33.6%) out of seven categories of events assessed. Only 25% of women with trauma ever accessed trauma-related treatment, but this proportion was higher (66.4%) among those with diagnosable PTSD, and among those with current depression (35.9%). Treatment was most common among women who experienced interpersonal/sexual violence and lowest among those with occupational trauma, but treatment satisfaction did not vary by worst trauma type. Psychotherapy was the most common type of treatment. These results demonstrate that trauma is nearly universal in middle-aged to older women, which has important implications for their long-term health and well-being—particularly in the era of COVID-19 which is likely to produce additional trauma in this population.
Refining an Oral Health Care Partner Intervention Using Behavior Change Techniques
Authors: Bryant Ashley Leak , Hirschey Rachel , Caiola Courtney , Chan Ya-Ning , Plassman Brenda , Wu Bei , Bailey Donald , Anderson Ruth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Following a pilot, we refined an oral health carepartner intervention for individuals with mild dementia (IMD). In this intervention, we use behavior change techniques (BCTs) to foster changes by carepartners including using new oral-care techniques and developing skills for using cueing and communications approaches to support behavior changes by IMD (duration and frequency of toothbrushing and oral-hygiene skills); thus, improving plaque and gingival indices. We describe our approach to refining the intervention manual including a) completing the self-paced BCT taxonomy course, b) developing a coding schema, c) coding the original manual for evidence of BCTs, and d) refining the manual to improve use of BCTS in the refined intervention. Our results detail how BCTs can be applied to refine and improve interventions. This research demonstrates the value in using BCTs for interventions to address how carepartners and IMD can collaborate to improve oral hygiene care.
Having a Post-Retirement Job: Improvisation and Containing Commitments
Authors: Platts Loretta , Ignatowicz Agnieszka , Westerlund Hugo , Rasoal Dara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This qualitative paper focuses on individuals who work after pensionable age, a distinctive period in the late career when workers are supported by the known and reliable income of a pension. Using constant comparative analysis, we analyzed interviews from a purposive sample of 25 Swedish people in their late sixties and early seventies. We examined conditions for being in paid work in terms of enabling factors (self-employment, shift work, shortage occupation), improvisation, and the role of chance. The interviews revealed that post-retirement workers took charge of the aspects of work that mattered most to them, evading the disciplinary aspects of work by controlling scheduling and limiting the duration of their commitment. These constrained commitments had knock-on effects of improving psychosocial working conditions. Women and immigrants—groups facing low pensions—experienced the greatest financial consequences of being unable to work in their retirement years in order to supplement their pension income.
The Relationships Between Physical Activity Behavior, Daily Experiences, and Well-Being in Everyday Life
Authors: O'Brien Erica , Almeida David , Hoppmann Christiane 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A physically active lifestyle has several health benefits in both the short- and long-term. This includes higher levels of emotional and psychological well-being and, in many cases, maintained well-being despite stressful experiences that can have countervailing, negative impacts on health. This symposium presents innovative research that (a) links physical activity to positive and negative events or experiences in middle-aged and older adults, and that (b) uses different assessment and analytical techniques to unpack these links on multiple timescales – between moments, days, and years. Lee and colleagues investigate the influence of daily positive experiences on the likelihood and extent of physical activity. O’Brien and Almeida examine how daily stressor experiences predict engagement in different intensities of physical activity and highlight moderating factors such as perceived stressor control. Lastly, Benson and colleagues report on whether the potential for daily physical activity to protect against negative stressor responses differs with age and changes across the adult lifespan. Together, these papers consider the nature and mechanisms of the relationship between physical activity and everyday experiences (e.g., stressors and positive events). They also underscore the importance of assessing relationships on different timescales to obtain a clearer understanding of intrapersonal and developmental processes. As discussant, Hoppmann will assess the strengths and limitations of these papers, elaborate on underlying and overarching themes, and identify future directions in this field.
Positive Events and Physical Activity in Daily Life for Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Lee Sun Ah , Benson Lizbeth , O'Brien Erica , Conroy David , Almeida David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previous studies reveal that positive affective well-being is positively associated with physical activity. The present study extends this work by examining the relationship between positive events and physical activity in daily life. Participants (N=1,016, ages 43-90, 56% women) from the third wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences reported their experiences of positive events and physical activity in eight daily diary interviews. Results from multilevel model analyses showed that on days when participants experienced more positive events than usual, they were more likely to engage in physical activity and reported engaging in greater physical activity than usual. Further, participants who experienced more positive events on average across the study period also reported engaging in greater daily physical activity. These results were invariant across age. Our findings highlight the importance of naturally-occurring positive experiences in daily life across middle- and later adulthood.
Polyvictimization and Cognitive Function in an Ethnic Minority Aging Population
Authors: Li Mengting , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Globally, around 1 in 6 older adults experienced some form of elder mistreatment in community settings. However, little is known about the prevalence of polyvictimization, or experience of multiple forms of abuse, which may exacerbate negative outcomes over that of any one form of victimization in isolation. Data were drawn from the PINE study. Polyvictimization was defined as exposure to multiple forms of victimization, including psychological, physical, and sexual mistreatment, financial exploitation, and caregiver neglect. Cognitive function was evaluated by global cognition, episodic memory, executive function, working memory, and MMSE. Regression analyses were performed. Among 3153 participants, 128 experienced two forms of abuse while 12 experienced three or more forms of abuse. Polyvictimization was associated with lower global cognition (b=-0.05, SE=0.02, p&lt;.05), episodic memory (b=-0.06, SE=0.03, p&lt;.05), working memory (b=-0.14, SE=0.07, p&lt;.05), and processing speed (b=-0.68, SE=0.33, p&lt;.05). Interventions could target older adults with polyvictimization and protect their cognitive function.