bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striatal networks for tinnitus treatment targeting
Authors: Hinkley Leighton B. N. , Larson Paul S. , Henderson Sabes Jennifer , Mizuiri Danielle , Demopoulos Carly , Adams Meredith E. , Neylan Thomas C. , Hess Christopher P. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Cheung Steven W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeuromodulation treatment effect size for bothersome tinnitus may be larger and more predictable by adopting a target selection approach guided by personalized striatal networks or functional connectivity maps. Several corticostriatal mechanisms are likely to play a role in tinnitus, including the dorsal/ventral striatum and the putamen. We examined whether significant tinnitus treatment response by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudate nucleus may be related to striatal network increased functional connectivity with tinnitus networks that involve the auditory cortex or ventral cerebellum. The first study was a cross‐sectional 2‐by‐2 factorial design (tinnitus, no tinnitus; hearing loss, normal hearing, n = 68) to define cohort level abnormal functional connectivity maps using high‐field 7.0 T resting‐state fMRI. The second study was a pilot case–control series (n = 2) to examine whether tinnitus modulation response to caudate tail subdivision stimulation would be contingent on individual level striatal connectivity map relationships with tinnitus networks. Resting‐state fMRI identified five caudate subdivisions with abnormal cohort level functional connectivity maps. Of those, two connectivity maps exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks—dorsal caudate head with Heschl's gyrus and caudate tail with the ventral cerebellum. DBS of the caudate tail in the case‐series responder resulted in dramatic reductions in tinnitus severity and loudness, in contrast to the nonresponder who showed no tinnitus modulation. The individual level connectivity map of the responder was in alignment with the cohort expectation connectivity map, where the caudate tail exhibited increased connectivity with tinnitus networks, whereas the nonresponder individual level connectivity map did not.
Thermally dissipative micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning needle influenced by Hall current and gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Khan Arshad , Hassan Bahzad , Ashraf Ehsan E. , Shah Syed Yasir Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAt industrial level, the study of nanofluid has a significant role in improving various electrical structures and engineering devices because nanofluid has incredible proficiencies and applications, such as cooling of microelectronic and biomedical devices, vehicles, power generation centers, and so forth. By taking into account such remarkable characteristics of nanofluids, the main focus of this study is to investigate and improve mass and thermal flow for micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow upon a spinning needle. The flow is also exposed to the influence of chemical reaction, Hall current, and viscous dissipation in the presence of the gyrotactic microorganism. The equations that governed the flow system have been solved by the homotopy analysis method. It has been highlighted in this investigation that flow reduces with augmentation in magnetic, material parameters, and nanoparticles volumetric fraction while the thermal profiles have supported this phenomenon. Concentration profiles decline with augmentation in Lewis number, thermophoresis, and chemical reaction parameters. Moreover, motile microorganism opposes by higher values of bioconvection and Lewis numbers.
Associations of Dietary Intakes of Calcium, Magnesium, and Soy Isoflavones With Bone Fracture Risk in Men: A Prospective Study
Authors: Cui Yong , Cai Hui , Zheng Wei , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe role of dietary factors in osteoporotic fractures in men is underinvestigated. We examined the associations of dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, and soy isoflavones with risk of osteoporotic fractures in the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Included in this prospective study were 61,025 men aged 40 to 74 years at study enrollment (2002–2006). The cohort was followed up via in‐person surveys for occurrence of bone fractures, major diseases, and survival status. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to evaluate the associations of variables under study (ie, dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, and soy isoflavones) with incidence of osteoporotic and non‐osteoporotic fractures, measured by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During a median follow‐up of 9.5 years, 1.2% and 3.4% of participants experienced osteoporotic or non‐osteoporotic fractures, respectively. Dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with risk of osteoporotic fractures with adjusted HRs of 0.78 (95% CI 0.60–1.02) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.13–0.56), respectively, for intake levels of 401 mg/d and >1000 mg/d versus ≤400 mg/d. Higher magnesium intake was associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures after adjusting for dietary calcium intake, with HRs of 1.27 (95% CI 0.97–1.66) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.08–4.50), respectively, for intakes of 251 mg/d and >450 mg/d versus intake ≤250 mg/d. High soy isoflavone intake was associated with a 25% reduction of osteoporotic fracture risk (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.97 for soy isoflavone intake >45.2 mg/d versus <21.7 mg/d). Dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, or soy isoflavones were unrelated to the risk of non‐osteoporotic fractures. Our study added to the evidence that dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures in a dose–response fashion, while high magnesium intake was associated with an increased risk. Our study also revealed a novel association between higher soy isoflavone consumption and osteoporotic fractures in men. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Enzyme‐assisted bioremediation approach for synthetic dyes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation
Authors: Ahsan Zainab , Kalsoom Umme , Bhatti Haq N. , Aftab Kiran , Khalid Nasira , Bilal Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnvironmental protection from emerging pollutants has become a significant challenge for mankind as an increasing number of contaminants, including synthetic dyes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), represent a serious risk to ecological and environmental balance. Most synthetic dyes have complex aromatic structures and are resistant to degrade by classical approaches, such as physical and chemical processes, including adsorption, chemical coagulation, flocculation, ion exchange, membrane separation, froth flotation, and reverse osmosis. Enzymes‐assisted catalytic transformation of pollutants has become a potential alternative to classical methods because of their ability to react with complex compounds, a quick degradation rate, and producing less harmful by‐products. Plant peroxidases, and microbial laccase and lignin‐degrading peroxidases (manganese and lignin peroxidase) have gained significant attention for treating aromatic waste due to their capability of oxidizing and detoxifying a wide range of recalcitrant xenobiotics, including PAHs and synthetic dyes. Peroxidases being efficient biocatalysts detoxify an array of toxic compounds by simple free‐radical mechanism resulting in the formation of oxidized and depolymerized products of significantly reduced toxicity. Moreover, it is an ecofriendly and economically favorable approach towards the biodegradation of recalcitrant and toxic industrial waste. Among microbial and plant peroxidases, bacterial enzymes have broad substrate specificity and can transform a wide range of recalcitrant substrates. Ligninolytic enzymes oxidize the aromatic ring into quinones and acids by producing free hydroxyl radicals instead of dihydrodiols and mineralize aromatic hydrocarbon in combination with cytochrome P450, monooxygenases, and epoxide hydrolases. In the review, an attempt has been made to provide detailed knowledge about the availability of inexpensive peroxidases sources, their mechanism of action, and degradation potential. The present review summarizes the exploitation of peroxidases from plants, bacteria, and fungus (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, and laccases) for detoxification and degradation of textile dyes as well as PAHs. Conclusively, peroxidases have great potential to react with almost all classes of synthetic dyes and most PAHs due to broad substrate specificity and transformed them into less harmful metabolites.
Anatomic study of the profunda artery perforators by multidetector CT scanner and clinical use of the banana‐shaped flap design for breast reconstruction
Authors: Zeltzer Assaf A. , Waked Karl , Brussaard Carola , Giunta Gabriele , De Baerdemaeker Randy , Hamdi Moustapha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap is a well‐known free flap for breast reconstruction. However, a reproducible perforator mapping system has yet to be developed.MethodsThe PAP perforators were localized by CTA using a novel X‐Y axis system. Flap dimensions were based on the CTA images and localized PAP‐perforators. Perioperative findings and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsA total of 70 lower limbs and 180 PAP perforators were evaluated. An average of 2.78 ± 1.22 and 2.22 ± 0.96 perforators were seen, in the right and left legs, respectively, and were divided in five clusters (PAP1–PAP5) based on their location on the Y‐axis. The course of the perforators was noted as well as the average diameter at the origin. The overall average diameter was 1.99 ± 0.86 mm. A banana‐shaped PAP‐flap was harvested in 10 patients. The mean operative time was 278 min, pedicle length 76 ± 12 mm, and mean flap weight 247 g. No major complications were seen.ConclusionThe PAP flap can be mapped by CTA in a reproducible way. The X and Y axes are based on fixed anatomic landmarks and may form the basis for a banana‐shaped flap design of the PAP‐flap.
An Optimized Radiomics Model Based on Automated Breast Volume Scan Images to Identify Breast Lesions
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Xinwu , Ma Sumei , Zhu Kongqiang , Guo Shunlin 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo develop and test an optimized radiomics model based on multi‐planar automated breast volume scan (ABVS) images to identify malignant and benign breast lesions.MethodsPatients (n = 200) with breast lesions who underwent ABVS examinations were included. For each patient, 208 radiomics features were extracted from the ABVS images, including axial plane and coronal plane. Recursive feature elimination, random forest, and chi‐square test were used to select features. A support vector machine, logistic regression, and extreme gradient boosting were utilized as classifiers to differentiate malignant and benign breast lesions. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision was used to evaluate the performance of the radiomics models. Generalization of the radiomics models was verified through 5‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsFor a single plane or a combination of planes, a combination of recursive feature elimination, and support vector machine yielded the best performance when identifying breast lesions. The machine learning models based on a combination of planes performed better than those based on a single plane. Regarding the axial plane and coronal plane, the machine learning model using a combination of recursive feature elimination and support vector machine yielded the optimal identification performance: average area under the curve (0.857 ± 0.058, 95% confidence interval, 0.763–0.957); the average values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision were 87.9, 68.2, 80.7, and 82.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThe optimized radiomics model based on ABVS images can provide valuable information for identifying benign and malignant breast lesions preoperatively and guide the accurate clinical treatment. Further external validation is required.
One hundred years of Alfred Landé's g‐factor
Authors: Friedrich Bretislav , Meijer Gerard , Schmidt‐Böcking Horst , Gruber Gernot 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrompted by the centenary of Alfred Landé's g‐factor, we reconstruct Landé's path to his discovery of half‐integer angular momentum quantum numbers and of vector coupling of atomic angular momenta—both encapsulated in the g‐factor—as well as point to reverberations of Landé's breakthroughs in the work of other pioneers of quantum physics.
Probiotic lactobacilli in formulas and hygiene products for the health of the urogenital tract
Authors: Nader‐Macías María Elena Fátima , De Gregorio Priscilla Romina , Silva Jessica Alejandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLactobacilli are the predominant microorganisms of the healthy human vagina. A novel alternative for the prevention and treatment of female urogenital tract infections (UGTI) is the inclusion of these microorganisms as active pharmaceutical ingredients in probiotic formulas, and more recently in female hygienic products. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.” A list of requirements must be considered during the development of probiotic product/formula for the female urogenital tract (UGT). This review aims to resume the requirements, probiotic characteristics, and clinical trial applied to determine the effect of probiotic and potentially probiotic strains on different woman’s physiological and pathological conditions, and in preterm birth prevention. A revision of female hygienic products available in the world market is included, together with novel studies applying nanotechnology for Lactobacillus incorporation in hygienic products. Further studies and well‐designed clinical trials are urgently required to complement the current knowledge and applications of probiotics in the female UGT. The use of probiotic formulas and products will improve and restore the ecological equilibrium of the UGT microbiome to prevent and treat UGTI in women under different conditions.
Statistical detection of synergy: New methods and a comparative study
Authors: Thas Olivier , Tourny Annelies , Verbist Bie , Hawinkel Stijn , Nazarov Maxim , Mutambanengwe Kathy , Bijnens Luc 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCombination therapies are increasingly adopted as the standard of care for various diseases to improve treatment response, minimise the development of resistance and/or minimise adverse events. Therefore, synergistic combinations are screened early in the drug discovery process, in which their potential is evaluated by comparing the observed combination effect to that expected under a null model. Such methodology is implemented in the BIGL R‐package which allows for a quick screening of drug combinations. We extend the meanR and maxR tests from this package by allowing non‐constant variance of the responses and by extending the list of null models (Loewe, Loewe2, HSA, Bliss). These new tests are evaluated in a comprehensive simulation study under various models for additivity and synergy, various monotherapeutic dose–response models (complete, partial and incomplete responders) and various types of deviation from the constant variance assumption. In addition, the BIGL package is extended with bootstrap confidence intervals for the individual off‐axis points and for the overall synergy strength, which were demonstrated to have reliable coverage and can complement the existing tests. We conclude that the differences in performance between the different null models are small and depend on the simulation scenario. As a result, the choice of null model should be driven by expert knowledge on the particular problem. Finally, we demonstrate the new features of the BIGL package and the difference between the synergy models on a real dataset from drug discovery. The BIGL package is available at CRAN (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=BIGL) and as a Shiny app (https://synergy.openanalytics.eu/app).
One‐Step Fabrication of 2D/2D Z‐Scheme BiOCl/g‐C3N4 Nanosheets Heterojunction for Efficient Degradation of RhB and Cr(VI) Ions Reduction under Visible‐Light Illumination
Authors: Ma Hecheng , Liu Jianjun , Zuo Shengli , Yu Yingchun , Liu Wenqi , Wang Yimeng , Li Baoshan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo promote the utilization efficiency of solar energy, a one‐step strategy to fabricate 2D/2D Z‐scheme BiOCl/g‐C3N4 nanosheets (BiOCl/CNs) heterojunction through the in‐situ growth of BiOCl on CNs was studied. Here, we report that ultrathin CNs with wrinkled surface are prepared by a rapid cooling method. The wrinkled surface of CNs provided more active sites for BiOCl to anchor on it thus facilitating the formation of the tight heterojunction structure via a solvothermal process. The as‐prepared BiOCl/CNs hybrid photocatalysts was confirmed by various physicochemical characterizations. The results showed the uniform distribution of BiOCl nanoflakes on g‐C3N4 nanosheets and formation of 2D/2D Z‐scheme heterojunction structure. The as‐prepared BiOCl/CNs‐5 photocatalyst displays extraordinarily photocatalytic activity for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB and Cr(VI) reduction under visible light irradiation, about 94 % RhB and 93 % Cr(VI) was degraded in 100 min. The remarkable photocatalytic properties were attributed to the Z‐scheme hierarchical structure, large specific surface and efficient charge carrier separation. Furthermore, the Z‐scheme photocatalytic reaction mechanism was presented to elucidate the improved photocatalytic activity of BiOCl/CNs photocatalyst. The photodegradation of phenol and radical species trapping experiments were conducted to prove the formation of Z‐scheme. This work provides a facile route for the construction of g‐C3N4 based Z‐scheme structure photocatalyst for efficient visible light photocatalytic performance.
Association between treatment-related lymphopenia and survival in glioblastoma patients following postoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Mapelli Roberto , Julita Chiara , Bianchi Sofia Paola , Gallina Nicolò , Lucchini Raffaella , Midulla Martina , Puci Flavia , Saddi Jessica , Trivellato Sara , Panizza Denis , De Ponti Elena , Arcangeli Stefano 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Our study investigated the association between treatment-related lymphopenia and overall survival (OS) in a series of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. We also explored clinical and dosimetric predictors of lymphocytes depletion.

Methods
Between 2015 and 2019, 64 patients were treated at the same institution with postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Peripheral lymphocyte count (PLC) data and dose–volume histogram parameters were collected. Radiotherapy (RT) schedule consisted in standard total dose of 60 Gy in 30 daily fractions, with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). Posttreatment acute absolute lymphopenia (nadir AAL) was calculated as a PLC lower than 1.0 × 103/mm3. Acute relative lymphopenia (ARL) was expressed by the nadir-PLC/baseline-PLC ratio < 0.5. Nadir-PLC was the lowest PLC registered between the end of RT and the first month of follow-up. Survival rates were estimated with Kaplan–Meier curves. Clinical and dosimetric variables related to AAL/ARL and OS were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
A total of 57 patients were eligible and included in the analyses. The median PLC was significantly decreased following chemoradiotherapy (2180/mm3 vs 900/mm3). Median OS was 16 months (range 5–55 months), with no significant difference between patients who developed nadir AAL and those who did not (16 months vs 16.5 months; p = 0.304). When considering ARL vs non-ARL, median OS was 14 months vs 26 months (p = 0.013), respectively. In multivariate Cox regression only age, sex, extent of surgery, access to adjuvant chemotherapy and brain D98% were independently associated with OS.

Conclusion
Although iatrogenic immunosuppression could be associated with inferior clinical outcomes, our data show that treatment-related lymphopenia does not adversely affect GBM survival. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Return migrants and the wage premium: does the legal status of migrants matter?
Authors: Elmallakh Nelly , Wahba Jackline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the legal status of overseas migrants on their wages upon return to the home country. Using unique data from Egypt, which allows us to distinguish between return migrants according to whether their international migration was documented or undocumented, we examine the impact of illegal status on wages upon return. Relying on a Conditional Mixed Process model, which takes into account the selection into emigration, into return, and into the legal status of temporary migration, we find that, upon return, undocumented migrants experience a wage penalty compared with documented migrants, as well as relative to non-migrants. Our results are the first to show the impact of undocumented migration on the migrant upon return to the country of origin.
Interobserver variability of ultrasound measurements for the differential diagnosis of uterine prolapse and cervical elongation without uterine prolapse
Authors: García-Mejido José Antonio , Ramos Vega Zenaida , Armijo Sánchez Alberto , Fernández-Palacín Ana , Fernández Carlota Borrero , Sainz Bueno José Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Our study aims to determine the interobserver variability of different ultrasound measurements (pubis-cervix distance, pubis-uterine fundus distance, and pubis-Douglascul-de-sac distance) previously analyzed for the ultrasound differential diagnosis of uterine prolapse (UP) and cervical elongation CE without UP.

Materials and methods
We conducted a prospective observational study with 40 patients scheduled to undergo surgical correction of UP and CE without UP. All patients underwent pelvic floor ultrasound examination by an examiner (E1) who acquired ultrasound images. Using these images, E1 measured the distances for the ultrasound differential diagnosis of UP and CE without UP, and these distances were compared with those measured by the other examiner (E2). Values were analyzed by calculating ICCs with 95% CIs.

Results
For UP, excellent reliability was obtained for all measurements except the pubis-Douglascul-de-sac measurement at rest, which was moderate (ICC 0.596; p = 0.028) and for the difference between the pubis-Douglascul-de-sac measurement at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver, which was good (ICC 0.691; p < 0.0005). For CE without UP, interobserver reliability was excellent for all measurements analyzed except the pubis-cervix measurement during the Valsalva maneuver, which was moderate (ICC 0.535; p = 0.052) and for the pubis-Douglascul-de-sac measurement at rest, which was good (ICC 0.768; p < 0.0005).

Conclusions
There is excellent interobserver reliability in measurements of the difference in the distance from the pubic symphysis to the uterine fundus at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver for both UP and CE without UP, which are used for the ultrasound differential diagnosis of UP and CE without UP.