bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung microbiome alterations in NSCLC patients
Authors: Zheng Leliang , Sun Ruizheng , Zhu Yinghong , Li Zheng , She Xiaoling , Jian Xingxing , Yu Fenglei , Deng Xueyu , Sai Buqing , Wang Lujuan , Zhou Wen , Wu Minghua , Li Guiyuan , Tang Jingqun , Jia Wei , Xiang Juanjuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLung is colonized by a diverse array of microbes and the lung microbiota is profoundly involved in the development of respiratory diseases. There is little knowledge about the role of lung microbiota dysbiosis in lung cancer. In this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from two different sampling methods in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and non-cancer controls. We found the obvious variation between bronchoscopy samples and lobectomy samples. Oral taxa can be found in both bronchoscopy and lobectomy samples and higher abundance of oral taxa can be found in bronchoscopy samples. Although the NSCLC patients had similar microbial communities with non-cancer controls, rare species such as Lactobacillus rossiae, Bacteroides pyogenes, Paenibacillus odorifer, Pseudomonas entomophila, Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, fungus Chaetomium globosum et al. showed obvious difference between NSCLC patients and non-cancer controls. Age-, gender-, and smoking-specific species and EGFR expression-related species in NSCLC patients were detected. There results implicated that different lung segments have differential lung microbiome composition. The oral taxa are found in the lobectomy samples suggesting that oral microbiota are the true members of lung microbiota, rather than contamination during bronchoscopy. Lung cancer does not obviously alter the global microbial composition, while rare species are altered more than common species. Certain microbes may be associated with lung cancer progression.
The epidemiological landscape of anemia in women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Correa-Agudelo Esteban , Kim Hae-Young , Musuka Godfrey N. , Mukandavire Zindoga , Miller F. DeWolfe , Tanser Frank , Cuadros Diego F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe role of geographical disparities of health-related risk factors with anemia are poorly documented for women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to determine the contribution of potential factors and to identify areas at higher risk of anemia for women in reproductive age in SSA. Our study population comprised 27 nationally representative samples of women of reproductive age (15–49) who were enrolled in the Demographic and Health Surveys and conducted between 2010 and 2019 in SSA. Overall, we found a positive association between being anemic and the ecological exposure to malaria incidence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.02], and HIV prevalence (AOR = 1.01, CI 1.01–1.02). Women currently pregnant or under deworming medication for the last birth had 31% (AOR = 1.31, CI 1.24–1.39) and 5% (AOR = 1.05, CI 1.01–1.10) higher odds of having anemia, respectively. Similarly, women age 25–34 years old with low education, low income and living in urban settings had higher odds of having anemia. In addition, underweight women had 23% higher odds of suffering anemia (AOR = 1.23, CI 1.15–1.31). Females with low levels of education and wealth index were consistently associated with anemia across SSA. Spatial distribution shows increased risk of anemia in Central and Western Africa. Knowledge about the contribution of known major drivers and the spatial distribution of anemia risk can mitigate operational constraints and help to design geographically targeted intervention programs in SSA.
Characteristic and expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes from Tyrophagus putrescentiae and their response to thermal stress
Authors: Wang Jing , Que Sheng-quan , Liu Xinyu , Jin Mengru , Xin Tian-Rong , Zou Zhi-wen , Xia Bin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of insects is critically affected by temperature, which therefore plays an important role in the control of stored grain pests. Extreme temperature stress conditions lead to biological responses in mites, such as the synthesis of heat shock proteins.Tyrophagus putrescentiae(Tp) is a pest mite in stored grain that has negative effects on both economy and health. SinceT. putrescentiaepopulation dynamics are strongly influenced by temperature, in the present study we have cloned the cDNA ofHSP70andHSP90(referred to asTpHSP70-1,TpHSP70-2andTpHSP90) and determined their expression by fluorescence real time quantitative PCR.TpHSP70andTpHSP90showed high homology with similar genes in other species and the open reading frames ofTpHSP70-1, TpHSP70-2andTpHSP90encoded proteins of 665, 661 and 718 amino acid residues, respectively. Under thermal stress, expression ofTpHsp70-1andTpHsp90was up-regulated at higher temperatures, suggesting their role in the defense against thermal stress.
Changes in urinary kidney injury molecule-1 levels after blood transfusions in preterm infants
Authors: Turner Stephanie S. , Davidson Jennifer M. , Elabiad Mohamad T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLiterature supports an association between transfusions and gut injury in preterm infants. We hypothesized that packed red blood (PRBC) transfusions are associated with kidney inflammation marked by a rise in urinary levels of Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1). Prospectively, KIM-1 levels were measured before and then at 6, 12 and 24 h after a PRBC transfusion. Results are presented as mean (± SD) and median (IQR). Thirty-four infants, birth weight 865 (± 375) g, had higher pretransfusion KIM-1 levels of 2270 (830, 3250) pg/mg than what is normal for age. These were not associated with hematocrit levels. KIM-1 levels peaked between 6 and 12 h after the transfusion. Levels peaked to 3300 (1990, 6830) pg/mg; levels returned to pretransfusion levels of 2240 (1240, 3870) pg/mg by 24 h, p < 0.01. The 24-h post-transfusion KIM-1 levels were similar to pretransfusion levels, p = 0.63. PRBC transfusions in preterm infants are associated with an elevation in urinary KIM-1 levels. The mechanism of this association may be important in studying transfusion associated organ injury. KIM-1, as an inflammatory marker, may be helpful in assessing the effect of different transfusion volumes or in evaluating operational thresholds of anemia in premature infants.
Effect of tiger milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) supplementation on respiratory health, immunity and antioxidant status: an open-label prospective study
Authors: Tan Eugenie Sin Sing , Leo Teik Kee , Tan Chung Keat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTiger milk mushroom (TMM;Lignosus rhinocerus) have been used for a long time by indigenous communities in South East Asia regions as traditional medicine for different ailments, including respiratory disorders. The beneficial effects of TMM have been proven through in vivo and in vitro models, but these effects have yet to be validated in a clinical study. In this study, the beneficial effects of TMM supplementation were investigated in 50 voluntary participants. Participants were required to take 300 mg of TMM twice daily for three months. Level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8), immunoglobulin A (IgA), total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms were assessed during baseline and monthly follow-up visits. Results demonstrated that supplementation of TMM significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the level of IL-1β, IL-8, MDA, as well as respiratory symptoms. In additional to that, TMM also significantly (p < 0.05) induced the level of IgA, total antioxidant capacity, as well as pulmonary function. Analyses of data indicated that gender and BMI were factors influencing the outcomes of antioxidant status. Collectively, our findings suggested that TMM supplementation effectively improves respiratory health, immunity and antioxidant status.
Modeling of aerosol transmission of airborne pathogens in ICU rooms of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Crawford Cyril , Vanoli Emmanuel , Decorde Baptiste , Lancelot Maxime , Duprat Camille , Josserand Christophe , Jilesen Jonathan , Bouadma Lila , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has generated many concerns about cross-contamination risks, particularly in hospital settings and Intensive Care Units (ICU). Virus-laden aerosols produced by infected patients can propagate throughout ventilated rooms and put medical personnel entering them at risk. Experimental results found with a schlieren optical method have shown that the air flows generated by a cough and normal breathing were modified by the oxygenation technique used, especially when using High Flow Nasal Canulae, increasing the shedding of potentially infectious airborne particles. This study also uses a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics model based on a Lattice Boltzmann Method to simulate the air flows as well as the movement of numerous airborne particles produced by a patient’s cough within an ICU room under negative pressure. The effects of different mitigation scenarii on the amount of aerosols potentially containing SARS-CoV-2 that are extracted through the ventilation system are investigated. Numerical results indicate that adequate bed orientation and additional air treatment unit positioning can increase by 40% the number of particles extracted and decrease by 25% the amount of particles deposited on surfaces 45s after shedding. This approach could help lay the grounds for a more comprehensive way to tackle contamination risks in hospitals, as the model can be seen as a proof of concept and be adapted to any room configuration.
Effects of Covid-19 confinement on the mental health of children and adolescents in Spain
Authors: Pizarro-Ruiz Juan Pablo , Ordóñez-Camblor Nuria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Spain, in order to control COVID-19 transmission, one of the strictest confinement measures in the world for children and teenagers has been implemented. From 14 March to 26 April 2020 underage Spaniards were not allowed to leave their homes, except for reasons of force majeure. This could have consequences on their mental health in both the short and the long term. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the consequences of confinement on the mental health of Spanish children and teenagers, at the time when minors had been locked down in their homes between 8 and 10 days. The sample was composed of 590 confined Spanish children and teenagers between 8 and 18 years old. The scales of Depression, Self-esteem, Anxiety, Problems with Emotional Regulation, Rage Control Problems, Integration and Social Competence, Somatic Complaints, Rebellious Behaviour, as well as Awareness of the Problems of the Assessment System for Children and Adolescents (SENA) were used. The results revealed that, during confinement, children and adolescents showed emotional and behavioural alterations. This study, as far as we know, is the first one to explore the psychological consequences of lockdown in minors while it was taking place, with them being the ones directly assessed.
Association of dietary fiber intake with metabolic syndrome among adult cancer survivors: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Kyuwoong , Chang Yoonjung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNutrient intake for adult cancer survivors is of clinical importance for managing metabolic health. Whether dietary fiber intake is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) or not in adult cancer survivors is uncertain. We aim to investigate the association between dietary fiber intake and MetS in adult cancer survivors using a population-based cross-sectional study. A study sample of 1301 adult cancer survivors aged more than 20 years from the sixth and seventh Korea Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2013 to 2018 was identified. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated from multiple logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic factors, health behavior, and nutritional status. Among 1,301 adult cancer survivors identified from the KNHANES 2013–2018, the mean dietary fiber intake was 28.1 g/day (standard error, 0.54). Compared to the first quintile of dietary fiber intake, the adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for MetS in the second, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles of dietary fiber intake were 0.84 (0.27–2.61), 0.77 (0.16–3.74), 0.55 (0.14–2.22), and 0.26 (0.05–1.39), respectively (p value for trend = 0.0007). Our findings suggest that high dietary fiber intake is marginally associated with reduced odds of MetS in adult cancer survivors.
Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of novel 3-amino-2,4-diarylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines against yeast and rat α-glucosidase
Authors: Peytam Fariba , Takalloobanafshi Ghazaleh , Saadattalab Toktam , Norouzbahari Maryam , Emamgholipour Zahra , Moghimi Setareh , Firoozpour Loghman , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Mojtabavi Somayeh , Rashidi-Ranjbar Parviz , Karima Saeed , Pakraad Roya , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn an attempt to find novel, potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, a library of poly-substituted 3-amino-2,4-diarylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines 3a–ag have been synthesized through heating a mixture of 2-aminobenzimidazoles 1 and α-azidochalcone 2 under the mild conditions. This efficient, facile protocol has been resulted into the desirable compounds with a wide substrate scope in good to excellent yields. Afterwards, their inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase enzyme were investigated. Showing IC50 values ranging from 16.4 ± 0.36 µM to 297.0 ± 1.2 µM confirmed their excellent potency to inhibit α-glucosidase which encouraged us to perform further studies on α-glucosidase enzymes obtained from rat as a mammal source. Among various synthesized 3-amino-2,4-diarylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, compound 3k exhibited the highest potency against both Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase (IC50 = 16.4 ± 0.36 μM) and rat small intestine α-glucosidase (IC50 = 45.0 ± 8.2 μM). Moreover, the role of amine moiety on the observed activity was studied through substituting with chlorine and hydrogen resulted into a considerable deterioration on the inhibitory activity. Kinetic study and molecular docking study have confirmed the in-vitro results.
The L730V/I RET roof mutations display different activities toward pralsetinib and selpercatinib
Authors: Shen Tao , Hu Xueqing , Liu Xuan , Subbiah Vivek , Mooers Blaine H. M. , Wu Jie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pralsetinib (BLU-667) and selpercatinib (LOXO-292) are RET-selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treating RET-altered cancers, but whether they have distinct activity was unknown. The L730V/I mutations at the roof of the solvent-front site of the RET kinase were identified as strongly resistant to pralsetinib but not to selpercatinib. Selpercatinib effectively inhibited these mutants and the KIF5B-RET(L730V/I) oncogene-driven tumors.
Gastrodin extends the lifespan and protects against neurodegeneration in the Drosophila PINK1 model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: He Jianzheng , Li Xu , Yang Shipei , Li Yaling , Lin Xingyao , Xiu Minghui , Li Xuexiang , Liu Yongqi 
Published: June 2021

Gastrodin feeding extends lifespan, improves antioxidant ability, and delays the onset of a Parkinson-like phenotypes in Pink1B9 mutant, but does not ameliorate the tau-induced neurobehavioral deficits in Drosophila melanogaster.
Improved corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of biomedical magnesium alloy with polypeptide TK14 functionalised hydrophobic coating
Authors: Shen Yang , Shen Xiaolong , Zhang Hao , Li Xin , Shang Tengda , Zhao Yuancong , Wang Jin , Huang Nan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) and its alloys can be used as biomedical materials because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the rapid degradation rate of Mg‐based materials limits their application in biodegradable intravascular stents. To overcome this issue, we constructed a hydrophobic coating on magnesium. After pre‐treatments with alkali and a silane coupling agent of pure magnesium, 4,4’‐diphenylmethane‐diisocyanate (MDI) and amino‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (H2N–PDMS–NH2) were stepwise deposited on the surface, forming an amino‐containing hydrophobic coating (–(M/P)3) to enhance the corrosion resistance. Furthermore, polypeptide TK14 was immobilised on the hydrophobic coating to promote vascular endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation. The electrochemical results revealed that the self‐corrosion current density (icorr) of –(M/P)3 decreased by approximately 4.5 orders of magnitude compared with that of pure Mg. After TK14 immobilisation, the number of endothelial cells adhering to the surface of –(M/P)3–T increased significantly. Although the corrosion resistance of –(M/P)3–T was slightly reduced, the subcutaneous implantation inflammatory response of the surrounding tissues was lower, showing suitable biocompatibility. Therefore, the polypeptide TK14 functionalised hydrophobic coating may be a promising candidate material for the interface of magnesium‐based cardiovascular implants.
Changes in granulation scales over the solar cycle seen with SDO/HMI and Hinode/SOT
Authors: Ballot J. , Roudier T. , Malherbe J. M. , Frank Z. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The Sun is the only star where the superficial turbulent convection can be observed at very high spatial resolution. The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) has continuously observed the full Sun from space with multi-wavelength filters since July 2010. In particular, the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument takes high-cadence frames (45 s) of continuum intensity in which solar granulation is visible.
Aims. We aimed to follow the evolution of the solar granules over an activity cycle and look for changes in their spatial properties.
Methods. We investigated the density of granules and their mean area derived directly from the segmentation of deconvolved images from SDO/HMI. To perform the segmentation, we define granules as convex elements of images.
Results. We measured an approximately 2% variation in the density and the mean area of granules over the cycle, the density of granules being greater at solar maximum with a smaller granule mean area. The maximum density appears to be delayed by about one year compared to classical activity indicators, such as the sunspot number. We complemented this study with high-spatial-resolution observations obtained with Hinode/SOTBFI (Solar Optical Telescope Broadband Filter Imager), which are consistent with our results.
Conclusions. The observed variations in solar granulation at the disc centre reveal a direct insight into the change in the physical properties that occur in the upper convective zone during a solar cycle. These variations can be due to interactions between convection and magnetic fields, either at the global scale or, locally, at the granulation scale.
Management of Venous Malformations
Authors: Acord Michael , Srinivasan Abhay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVenous malformations (VMs) are slow-flow, congenital vascular anomalies that are a result of vascular dysgenesis. Clinical presentation and morbidity depend on size, location, and association with other syndromes. VMs are the most common symptomatic vascular anomaly referred for intervention, usually due to thrombosis, swelling, mass effect, functional compromise, or cosmetic concerns. Treatment for larger lesions can be challenging and a multidisciplinary approach involving medical, interventional, and surgical input is critical for comprehensive care. This article will assist the interventional radiologist in patient assessment and will discuss current techniques for treatment, means to minimize adverse events, and expected outcomes.
Computational appraisal of gender representativeness in popular movies
Authors: Mazières Antoine , Menezes Telmo , Roth Camille 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGender representation in mass media has long been mainly studied by qualitatively analyzing content. This article illustrates how automated computational methods may be used in this context to scale up such empirical observations and increase their resolution and significance. We specifically apply a face and gender detection algorithm on a broad set of popular movies spanning more than three decades to carry out a large-scale appraisal of the on-screen presence of women and men. Beyond the confirmation of a strong under-representation of women, we exhibit a clear temporal trend towards fairer representativeness. We further contrast our findings with respect to a movie genre, budget, and various audience-related features such as movie gross and user ratings. We lastly propose a fine description of significant asymmetries in the mise-en-scène and mise-en-cadre of characters in relation to their gender and the spatial composition of a given frame.
Damage effect of hafnium oxide gate dielectric based metal–oxide–semiconductor structure under gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: Ding Man , Liu Xin 
Published: June 2021

The radiation response of HfO2 films on a silicon substrate under gamma rays is studied in this article. HfO2 films with the thickness of 12.8 and 4.3 nm are prepared on a p-type silicon substrate by using the atomic layer deposition method, and the HfO2/Si MOS structure is irradiated under gamma rays with the total dose of 1.2/2.5/4 Mrad. The generation, transportation, and trapping characteristics of radiation induced charges are studied by using electronic, physical, and chemical methods. First, radiation induced oxide and interface trapped charge densities are found to be up to 1012 cm−2, and oxygen vacancies in HfO2 and Hf–Si metallic bonds at the HfO2/Si interface are dominant defects in the HfO2/Si system. Second, the leakage current through HfO2 increases with the increase in the radiation total dose and the crystallinity also increases after a large total dose of irradiation. Third, the valence band offset between HfO2 and Si is found to decrease slightly after irradiation. From the results, we can see that HfO2 is radiation resistant from the aspect of charge trapping even under a very large total dose of radiation, but the radiation induced leakage current and crystal structure change in the HfO2 film cannot be ignored. This provides a reference for microelectronic devices working in the space environment.
Mechanism of temperature-induced zero drift on electro-hydraulic servo valve
Authors: Ma Li , Yan Hao , Cai Cunkun , Ren Yukai 
Published: June 2021

An electro-hydraulic servo valve is objectively asymmetrical in the process of fabrication and assembly, and the zero position is the result of comprehensive adjustment. During the use of the electro-hydraulic servo valve, the rapid rise of temperature will lead to the zero drift phenomenon and the change in the flow state of the servo valve. With the change in temperature, the thicknesses of air gaps, the size of the orifice, the flow coefficient, the armature’s arm of force, the permanent magnets’ reluctances, and the polarization magnetomotive force, the stiffness of the spring tube and feedback rod will act on the property of the torque motor and the pilot stage. Considering the factors of temperature and processing assembly on the zero drift of the electro-hydraulic servo valve, a mathematical theory model describing the temperature zero drift characteristics is constructed. When the temperature range is 20–270 °C, the analysis demonstrated that the control error of the servo valve will exceed the expected 15%. The temperature has the most significant effect on the servo valve through the flow coefficient. The initial installation angle deflection is the domain route on the temperature zero drift, and other factors have less effect. Compared with the experimental results, the temperature-induced zero drift model correctly calculates the control error trend of the servo valve caused by an increase in temperature, and it will contribute to improving the control precision of the servo valve.