bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role research gap years play in a successful dermatology match
Authors: Costello Collin M. , Harvey Jamison A. , Besch‐Stokes Jake G. , Bhullar Puneet , Lim Elisabeth S. , Kunze Katie L. , Tollefson Megha M. , Tolaymat Leila M. , Ochoa Shari A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundA new trend includes taking a dedicated year away from medical school to complete a research fellowship. There is minimal data on the benefit of a gap year. We aimed to identify if a gap year makes a dermatology applicant more successful in The Match.MethodsDermatology applicants who applied to Mayo Clinic Arizona for the 2018–2019 application cycle and Mayo Clinic Rochester, Arizona, and Florida for the 2019–2020 application cycle were surveyed.ResultsIn total, 291 dermatology applicants completed the initial survey, and 236 completed the follow‐up survey. Ninety applicants took a gap year, 198 applicants did not. There was no significant difference in match rates. When comparing match rates at top dermatology residency programs, 40.6% of gap‐year applicants matched to these residencies versus 19.0% of no gap‐year applicants (P < 0.01).ConclusionApplicants should weigh the opportunity costs before pursuing research gap years as they may not be universally helpful. Applicants who want to match at a top dermatology program may benefit from a research gap year. This data may have limited generalizability outside of the United States.
Blood component preparation‐inventory problem with stochastic demand and supply
Authors: Li Qinhong , Ma Zujun , Yang Fei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBlood component preparation, which is the process of separating whole blood into components that are later used in hematotherapy, plays a significant role in the blood supply chain because it dramatically affects the component inventory levels in blood banks. A dynamic programming model is proposed for jointly optimizing the preparation and inventory management of blood components under uncertainty in both the supply of whole blood and the demand for blood components to better meet demand and manage component inventory levels. The combinations of five common methods for preparing blood components with filtration and centrifugation processes are considered, which generate diverse component varieties and volumes while incurring different costs. Moreover, downward substitution among different types of red blood cells is introduced. Subsequently, an approximate dynamic programming method is proposed to solve the problem of coping with its uncertain characteristics. The results of the computational study show that the proposed model and algorithm lead to superior performance compared to the preparation method combinations currently applied in North America, Europe, and China, thus providing a helpful guide on blood component preparation and inventory management in blood banks.
No evidence for a relationship between farm or transformation process locations and antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas population associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Oberlé Kenny , Bouju-Albert Agnès , Helsens Nicolas , Pangga Gladys , Prevost Hervé , Magras Catherine , Calvez Ségolène 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Study the relationship between antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas isolated from farmed rainbow trout fillets and farm or transformation process locations.

Methods and Results
Pseudomonas strains were isolated from rainbow trout sampled in two differently located farms and filleted in laboratory or in a processing factory. One hundred and twenty-five isolates were confirmed as belonging to Pseudomonas using CFC selective media, Gram staining, oxidase test and quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods. Fifty-one isolates from separate fish fillets were further identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 11 antibiotics were also determined by microdilution method. Most of the isolates belonged to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group (94.1%), and no relationship was established between antibiotic resistance patterns and sampling locations (farms or filleting areas). Multiple resistance isolates with high MIC values (from 64 µg ml−1 to more than 1024 µg ml−1) were identified.

Conclusions
Antibiotic resistance patterns found in Pseudomonas isolates were not influenced by farms or transformation process locations. Seven isolates were found highly resistant to four different antibiotic classes.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study does not provide evidence of a relationship between farm or transformation process locations on antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas population.
Supply disruptions and protection motivation: Why some managers act proactively (and others don't)
Authors: Bode Christoph , Macdonald John R. , Merath Maximilian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSupply (chain) disruptions present considerable managerial challenges with potentially severe consequences. To protect their firms, managers often must decide whether or not to take proactive measures. Protection motivation theory suggests that individuals' intention to respond to a threat proactively results from their cognitive appraisal (situational interpretation) processes. These processes evaluate the characteristics of potential coping responses (e.g., its effectiveness in averting the threat) and the threat itself (e.g., its severity). Building on this framework, this study presents an analysis of what drives managers to, or deters them from, proactively responding to the threat of a disruption. The results from a discrete choice experiment suggest that decision makers have a strongsubconsciousfocus on cost‐related aspects of a specific proactive action, all the whileconsciouslyprioritizing the efficacy (effectiveness) of the action over its costs. Moreover, decision makers' perceptions of the relative importance of proactive action attributes deviate considerably from their actual choice behavior. This study investigates additional behavioral aspects of supply chain risk management such as a proactive personality, risk attitude, control appraisal, and experience, many of which have significant effects on the relative importance of certain proactive action attributes. The improved understanding has three relevant messages for managerial practice, which are related to the perception–action gap, the importance of self‐assessment and self‐awareness, and training.
Stakeholder Orientation and Experiential Learning: Evidence from Corporate Acquisitions
Authors: Bettinazzi Emanuele L. M. , Zollo Maurizio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines how stakeholder orientation influences managers’ ability to learn from prior experience in corporate acquisitions. We argue that increased attention to primary stakeholders’ signals affects both positively and negatively managers’ capacity to analyze causal mechanisms in past acquisitions, draw inferences from them, and apply these inferences to subsequent acquisitions. On the one hand, attention to stakeholders’ inputs may enhance managers’ ability to interpret prior experience by giving voice to unnoticed details of past acquisitions. On the other hand, it may divert managers’ attention away from inferential mechanisms, reinforce confidence in existing practices, and limit managers’ ability to learn from acquisitions experience. We combine these theoretical effects to propose an inverted U‐shaped influence of stakeholder orientation on the relationship between acquisition experience and focal acquisition performance. We also propose that experience homogeneity and proximity to the knowledge domain of the focal firm act as boundary conditions on this influence. Analyses of a sample of 4619 corporate acquisitions by 504 US firms support our predictions.
Coordinated cellular and humoral immune responses after two‐dose SARS‐CoV2 mRNA vaccination in liver transplant recipients
Authors: D’Offizi Gianpiero , Agrati Chiara , Visco‐Comandini Ubaldo , Castilletti Concetta , Puro Vincenzo , Piccolo Paola , Montalbano Marzia , Meschi Silvia , Tartaglia Eleonora , Sorace Chiara , Leone Sara , Lapa Daniele , Grassi Germana , Goletti Delia , Ippolito Giuseppe , Vaia Francesco , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria , Lionetti Raffaella 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLimited data are available on risks and benefits of anti‐SARS‐CoV2 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients, and weaker responses have been described. At the Italian National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 61 liver transplant recipients underwent testing to describe the dynamics of humoral and cell‐mediated immune response after two doses of anti‐SARS‐CoV2 mRNA vaccines and compared with 51 healthy controls. Humoral response was measured by quantifying both anti‐spike and neutralizing antibodies; cell‐mediated response was measured by PBMC proliferation assay with IFN‐γ and IL‐2 production. Liver transplant recipients showed lower response rates compared with controls in both humoral and cellular arms; shorter time since transplantation and multi‐drug immunosuppressive regimen containing mycophenolate mofetil were predictive of reduced response to vaccination. Specific antibody and cytokine production, though reduced, were highly correlated in transplant recipients.
An open‐label prospective study to assess short incubation time white LED light photodynamic therapy in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hellen Rebecca , Dhonncha Eilis Nic , Havelin Alison , Kavanagh Ann , Moriarty Blaithin , Collins Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArtificial white LED light photodynamic therapy (awl‐PDT) is an effective, pain‐free treatment for actinic keratosis. The efficacy of awl‐PDT in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) has not been assessed. Patients with histologically confirmed sBCC underwent two treatments of awl‐PDT 1 week apart. Lesions were incubated with methyl 5‐aminolaevulinic acid for 30 min and then illuminated using the Maquet Power LED 500 theatre light (405‐800nm, 140 000 lux) to deliver an equivalent red light dose of 75 J/cm2 at a rate of 55 mW/cm2. Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale during treatment. Clinical response was assessed at day 28. Follow‐up continued 3 months for 1 year. Cosmetic outcome was assessed at 3 months and 1 year. Twenty‐eight patients with 36 lesions and a mean age of 63.64 (SD 2.62) were recruited. The median lesion size was 15 mm (IQR 8.75). The response rate at day 28 was 100%. Recurrence rates were 3/36 (8.3%) at 3 months, 6/36 (16.7%) at 6 months, 10/36 (27.8%) at 9 months and 11/36 (30.6%) at 1 year. Median pain scores were 0/100 (IQR 0) and 0/100 (IQR 5) during treatments one and two, respectively. Cosmetic outcome was excellent or good in the majority of cases. Although initially effective for sBCC at 28 days, 30.6% of lesions recurred 1 year after awl‐PDT. Pain scores were negligible, and the cosmetic outcome was favourable. Further head‐to‐head studies with optimised protocols are required to determine if awl‐PDT has a role in the treatment of sBCC.
“What on Earth Is Smenkhkare?” WH‐Questions, Truth‐Makers, and Causal‐Informational Account of Reference
Authors: Sinokki Jani 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the historical‐causal picture of reference Kripke sketches in Naming and Necessity is highly influential, Kripke in fact says very little about what reference is and how it comes about. In this paper I point out that the possibility of asking WH‐questions (i.e. ‘what?’, ‘who?’, ‘which?’) about a sound or inscription pattern (e.g., what does that refer to?) shows that in case of names especially, their reference, if there is one, will be preserved by a causal‐historical chain constituted by transmissions of the (physical) patterns themselves, even in absence of language users or any linguistic intentions. I sketch out a causal‐informational theory of reference, that holds that the causal aspect of refence transmission is due to two‐factors. On the other hand there are informational chains constituted by data transmissions, on the other, also communicational rules by which speakers can interpret the data as information of something are needed. In most part the causal‐informational theory sketched in the paper can be viewed as complementing Kripke’s original causal picture. However, I will argue that Kripke's account of fixing the reference of proper names in ‘initial baptisms’ is inadequate. I will argue that most cases of seemingly fixing the reference via use of a definite description (e.g., the naming of Neptune) in fact presuppose a prior causal‐informational connection to the named object, thus essentially fixing the reference in the same way as in cases of baptism by ostension. I will further argue that in the cases that do not fall into the previous category, the baptism by definite description simply fail to fix any reference. I thus conclude that there is no such thing as fixing the reference of a proper name by definite description.
View from the Hilltop: Settler‐Colonial Visuality in Palestine
Authors: Maidhof Callie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article examines settler‐colonial visuality in West Bank Jewish‐Israeli settlements. It argues that settler visuality is attuned to a bourgeois ideal of domestic life, made possible by practices of unseeing. Reading Israeli encounters with the Wall and other artifacts of the occupation, I show that these visual encounters help settlers position themselves politically within Israel—and settlements, as Israel itself. Unseeing is a perceptual practice that makes and remakes space, one required to build the kind of settlements most Israeli settlers desire. This vision is oriented to the domestication of space, cohering with the demands of an extended military occupation.
Visualizing the cancer stem‐like properties of canine tumour cells with low proteasome activity
Authors: Sung Koangyong , Hosoya Kenji , Murase Yusuke , Deguchi Tatsuya , Kim Sangho , Sunaga Takafumi , Okumura Masahiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) cause treatment failure in various tumours; however, establishing CSC‐targeted therapies has been hampered by difficulties in the identification and isolation of this small sub‐population of cells. Recent studies have revealed that tumour cells with low proteasome activity display a CSC phenotype that can be utilized to image CSCs in canines. This study visualizes and reveals the CSC‐like properties of tumour cells with low proteasome activity in HMPOS (osteosarcoma) and MegTCC (transitional cell carcinoma), which are canine cell lines. The parent cells were genetically engineered to express ZsGreen1, a fluorescent protein connected to the carboxyl‐terminal degron of canine ornithine decarboxylase that accumulates with low proteasome activity (ZsG+ cells). ZsG+ cells were imaged and the mode of action of this system was confirmed using a proteasome inhibitor (MG‐132), which increased the ZsGreen1 fluorescence intensity. The CSC‐like properties of ZsG+ cells were evaluated on the basis of cell divisions, cell cycle, the expression of CSC markers and tumourigenicity. ZsG+ cells underwent asymmetric divisions and had a low percentage of G0/G1 phase cells; moreover, ZsG+ cells expressed CSC markers such as CD133 and showed a large tumourigenic capability. In histopathological analysis, ZsG+ cells were widely distributed in the tumour samples derived from ZsG+ cells and in the proliferative regions of the tumours. The results of this study indicate that visualized canine tumour cells with low proteasome activity have a CSC‐like phenotype and that this visualization system can be utilized to identify and isolate canine CSCs.
Predicting the Impact of CRDM Thermal Sleeve Flange Wear in Westinghouse Pressurized Water Reactors
Authors: Rudland David L. , Cumblidge Stephen , Ng Ching , Anzalone Reed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Dec. 2017, a four-loop 1300 MW Electricite de France (EdF) plant in France, Belleville Unit 2, experienced a complete wear through and separation of one of their thermal sleeves at a rodded control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) location. During low power physics testing and rod drop testing, the plant had difficulty stepping the control rod into the core. The rod was freed by exercising the drive rod but was then stopped prior to full insertion during the rod drop test. The failure to insert the rod was caused by the worn thermal sleeve flange remnant. In response to this operational experience, Westinghouse notified the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) of this defect pursuant to the requirements of title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR) Part 21 and published a nuclear safety advisory letter (NSAL) that provides details on the thermal sleeve flange issue and inspection recommendations. In their notification, Westinghouse determined that there was no immediate safety concern, but a substantial safety concern may be possible in the unlikely event that there is interference with the movement of more than one control rod. This paper summarizes the NRC staff's safety analysis of this issue. The staff conducted detailed probabilistic and risk analyses and followed up with a smart sample inspection of the industry's thermal sleeve inspection programs to verify the analysis assumptions. The staff found the risk of core damage to be low, their assumptions appropriate, and the industry was following the details of the NSAL appropriately.
Primary splenic leiomyosarcoma – case report and literature review
Authors: Ioanițescu Elena Simona , Grasu Mugur , Toma Letiția 
Published: November 2021

Primary tumors of the spleen are rarely encountered in clinical practice and their diagnosis often requires invasive procedures (splenectomy). Leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors originating from smooth muscle cells or their precursor mesenchymal cells and as such can arise in any organs, most typically abdominal ones. Only a few cases of leiomyosarcomas of the spleen have been described in literature. We present the case of a 69 year-old, a previously healthy patient, with non-specific symptoms, diagnosed on CT scan with multiple splenic, hepatic and bone tumors. Biopsy from one of the liver tumors revealed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Due to characteristic aspects on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and CT scan we concluded that the primary tumor was located in the spleen, while the others represented metastases.
Effect of exposure to antibiotics on the gut microbiome and biochemical indexes of pregnant women
Authors: Su Yao , Gan Xu-Pei , Li Fei-Fei , Zhang Dong-Yao , Chen Li , Cao Yan-Nan , Qiu Hong-Hui , Cheng De-Cui , Zu Jian-Fei , Liu Wen-Yu , Wang Hong-Kun , Xu Xian-Ming 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionExposure to antibiotics (ABX) during pregnancy can have a systematic effect on both fetal and maternal health. Although previous biomonitoring studies have indicated the effects on children of extensive exposure to ABX, studies on pregnant women remain scarce. To explore the effect on pregnant women of environmental exposure to ABX through accidental ingestion and identify potential health risks, the present study investigated 122 pregnant women in East China between 2019 and 2020.Research design and methodsThe presence of six categories of ABX (quinolones, sulfonamides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, amide alcohol ABX, and β-lactams) in plasma samples taken from the pregnant women was investigated using an ABX kit and a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay.ResultsAll six ABX were detected in the plasma, with a detection rate of 17.2%. It was discovered that the composition of intestinal flora in pregnant women exposed to ABX was different from that of pregnant women who had not been exposed to ABX. The intestinal flora of pregnant women exposed to ABX also changed at both the phylum and genus levels, and several genera almost disappeared. Furthermore, the metabolic levels of glucose and insulin and the alpha diversity of pregnant women exposed to ABX were higher than those of pregnant women not exposed to ABX.ConclusionPregnant women are potentially at higher risk of adverse microbial effects. Glucose metabolism and insulin levels were generally higher in pregnant women exposed to ABX than in unexposed women. Also, the composition and color of the gut microbiome changed.
Impingement on the internet: evaluating the quality and readability of online subacromial impingement information
Authors: Erian Christopher , Erian Michael , Raniga Sumit 
Published: November 2021

Patients increasingly access the internet to learn about their orthopaedic conditions. Despite this, online information may be unregulated, of questionable quality and difficulty to read.ObjectivesTherefore, this study aimed to evaluate the readability and quality of the online information concerning subacromial impingement syndrome.MethodsA search using Australia’s three most popular online search engines was undertaken using the search terms ‘subacromial impingement syndrome’ and ‘shoulder impingement’. The first 15 websites for each term were evaluated. Duplicates, advertisements and sponsored links were removed.The quality and readability of each website were calculated using the DISCERN and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) tools, respectively. The differences in quality and readability between each website type (healthcare/academic, commercial, news outlet, charitable/not-for-profit, layperson, government) was assessed using analysis of variance. The correlation between quality and readability was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsThe majority of 35 unique websites analysed were of ‘poor’/’fair’ quality (determined via the DISCERN instrument) and ‘difficult’ readability (per the FKRE tool), with no correlation established between the scores. There was no statistically significant difference in quality across website types, however layperson, news outlet and government websites were found to be significantly more readable than alternate website categories (p<0.05).ConclusionsWe determined that much of the online information concerning subacromial impingement syndrome may be difficult to read and/or of poor quality. By recognising the shortcomings of information accessed by patients online, it is hoped clinicians may be prompted to better educate their patients.
FUSIONET: A Hybrid Model Towards Image Classification
Authors: Reginald Molokwu C. , Bonaventure Molokwu C. , Victor Molokwu C. , Ogochukwu Okeke C. 
Published: November 2021

Image classification, a topic of pattern recognition in computer vision, is an approach of classification based on contextual information in images. Contextual here means this approach is focusing on the relationship of the nearby pixels also called neighborhood. An open topic of research in computer vision is to devise an effective means of transferring human’s informal knowledge into computers, such that computers can also perceive their environment. However, the occurrence of object with respect to image representation is usually associated with various features of variation causing noise in the image representation. Hence, it tends to be very difficult to actually disentangle these abstract factors of influence from the principal object. In this paper, we have proposed a hybrid model: FUSIONET, which has been modeled for studying and extracting meaning facts from images. Our proposition combines two distinct stack of convolution operation (3 × 3 and 1 × 1, respectively). Successively, these relatively low-feature maps from the above operation are fed as input to a downstream classifier for classification of the image in question.