bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoperiostitis in children: proposal for a diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Zulian Francesco , Marigo Elena , Ardenti-Morini Francesca , Vittadello Fabio , Zuliani Monica , Giraudo Chiara , Meneghel Alessandra , Martini Giorgia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJuvenile osteoperiostites (JOP) are a group of inflammatory bone diseases whose differential diagnosis is often difficult. The main conditions are acute osteomyelitis (AOM), chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) and the Goldbloom syndrome (GS). The study was aimed to develop an algorithm to enable an early diagnosis of JOP. Clinical records of patients with AOM, CNO and GS, followed at our Center over the past 10 years, were reviewed. Twelve additional patients with GS were selected from PubMed/MEDLINE literature search. Data collected included demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory and instrumental investigations at disease onset. The association between categorical variables was investigated, and the segmentation of patients with different diagnoses was analyzed through a classification tree model (CTREE package) in order to build up a diagnostic algorithm. Ninety-two patients (33 CNO, 44 AOM, 15 GS) entered the study. Among 30 variables considered at onset, nine (age at onset, fever, weight loss, symmetry, focality, functional limitation, anemia, elevated ESR, CRP) resulted statistically significant in differentiating the three clinical entities from each other and were chosen to build up a decisional tree. Three variables, symmetry of bone involvement, presence of fever and age at disease onset, resulted significant to discriminate each of the three diseases from the others. The performance of the diagnostic algorithm was validated by comparing the diagnoses provided by the model with the real diagnoses and showed 85.9% accuracy.Conclusion: We propose a diagnostic algorithm, based on simple clinical data, which can help guide a prompt and appropriate diagnosis of JOP.

What is Known:• Juvenile osteoperiostitis (JOP) are a group of inflammatory bone diseases followed by various pediatric specialists.• The distinction between these conditions is not easy as clinical and laboratory features often overlap.What is New:• We propose a diagnostic algorithm, based on clinical data of real patients, with high degree accuracy.• This instrument can help guide the prompt and appropriate diagnosis of JOP.
The Late Carboniferous deeply eroded Tharandt Forest caldera–Niederbobritzsch granite complex: a post-Variscan long-lived magmatic system in central Europe
Authors: Breitkreuz Christoph , Käßner Alexandra , Tichomirowa Marion , Lapp Manuel , Huang Shan , Stanek Klaus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSamples and documentation of outcrops and drillings, facies analysis, whole rock geochemistry and radiometric ages have been employed to re-evaluate the Late Carboniferous Tharandt Forest caldera (TFC) and the co-genetic Niederbobritzsch granite (NBG) in the eastern Erzgebirge near Dresden, Germany. The c. 52 km2 TFC harbours strongly welded ignimbrites with a preserved minimum thickness of 550 m. Composition of initial fallout tephra at the base of the TFC fill, comprising lithics of rhyolitic and basic lava, and of silica-rich pyroclastic rocks, suggests a bimodal volcanic activity in the area prior to the climactic TFC eruption. The lower part of the TFC fill comprises quartz-poor ignimbrites, overlain by quartz-rich ignimbrites, apparently without a depositional break. Landslides originating from the collapse collar of the caldera plunged into the still hot TFC fill producing monolithic gneiss mesobreccia with clasts ≤ 1 m in a pyroclastic matrix. Aphanitic and porphyritic rhyolitic magma formed ring- and radial dykes, and subvolcanic bodies in the centre of TFC. Whole rock geochemical data indicate a high silica (most samples have > 73 wt% SiO2) rhyolitic composition of the TFC magma, and a similar granodiorite–granitic composition for the NBG. Based on drillings and caldera extent, a minimum volume of 22 km3 of TFC fill is preserved, the original fill is assumed at about 33 km3. This estimate translates into a denudation of at least c. 210 m during Late Paleozoic to pre-Cenomanian. Telescopic subsidence of the TFC took place in two, perhaps three stages. A possible TFC outflow facies has been completely eroded and distal TFC tuff has not been recognized in neighboring basins. New CA-ID-TIMS measurements on two TFC samples gave mean zircon ages of 313.4 ± 0.4 Ma and 311.9 ± 0.4 Ma; two samples from NBG resulted in 318.2 ± 0.5 Ma and 319.5 ± 0.4 Ma. In addition, for one sample of the ring dyke an age of ca. 314.5 ± 0.5 Ma has been obtained. These ages, together with field relations, allow for a model of a long-standing evolution of an upper crustal magmatic system (~ 5 Ma?), where pulses of magmatic injection and crustal doming alternate with magmatic quietness and erosion. Together with the Altenberg–Teplice Volcanic Complex, located some 10 km to the southeast, the TFC–NBG Complex represents an early post-Variscan magmatic activity in central Europe.
Der Einfluss staatlicher Vorgaben auf Raumzuschnitt und Institutionalisierung in Regionsbildungsprozessen
Authors: Diller Christian , Nischwitz Guido 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag geht es um die Frage, welchen Einfluss staatliche Vorgaben auf Prozesse der Regionsbildung haben, insbesondere auf den räumlichen Zuschnitt und die Institutionalisierungsform der Regionen. Die bundesweite empirische Erhebung von 1350 Programmregionen, die aus 27 Programmen von verschiedenen Politikfeldern gefördert wurden, macht zweierlei deutlich: Zum einen können Regionszuschnitt und Institutionalisierung als sich ergänzende Möglichkeiten der stabileren regionalen Zusammenarbeit gesehen werden. Zum anderen werden Regionszuschnitt und Institutionalisierung maßgeblich auch von den staatlichen Vorgaben bestimmt.
The impact of maternal eating disorders on breastfeeding practices: a systematic review
Authors: Kaß Anna , Dörsam Annica Franziska , Weiß Magdalene , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin Elisabeth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBreastfeeding is an effective way to protect and promote the health of the infant and mother. Cultural, social, economic, medical, or psychological factors might interfere with successful breastfeeding. Therefore, maternal eating disorders (EDs) may have detrimental effects on the decision of breastfeeding initiation and on its continuation. There is limited knowledge about the breastfeeding practices of mothers with EDs. We performed a systematic review to generate more evidence in this area. A search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO, and several journals were hand searched for relevant publications. Of N = 3904 hits, 13 full texts were included in the qualitative analysis. The findings on total duration of BF between mothers with and without EDs were mixed, but women with EDs showed more negative experiences and emotional problems during BF. There was not enough evidence to conclude on breastfeeding initiation, or on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal EDs might have a negative impact on BF practices with possible negative effects on the maternal-child feeding environment. Further studies with comparable data and information on the women’s partners’ attitudes about breastfeeding are needed.
Sound Transmission Comparisons of Active Elastic Wave Metamaterial Immersed in External Mean Flow
Authors: He Zhi-Hua , Wang Yi-Ze , Wang Yue-Sheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing the active feedback control system on the elastic wave metamaterial, this research concentrates on the sound transmission with the dynamic effective model. The metamaterial is subjected to an incident pressure and immersed in the external mean flow. The elastic wave metamaterial consists of double plates and the upper and lower four-link mechanisms are attached inside. The vertical resonator is attached by the active feedback control system and connected with two four-link mechanisms. Based on the dynamic equivalent method, the metamaterial is equivalent as a single-layer plate by the dynamic effective parameter. With the coupling between the fluid and structure, the expression of the sound transmission loss (STL) is derived. This research shows the influence of effective mass density on sound transmission properties, and the STL in both modes can be tuned by the acceleration and displacement feedback constants. In addition, the dynamic response and the STL are also changed obviously by different values of structural damping, incident angle (i.e., the elevation and azimuth angles) and Mach number of the external fluid with the mean flow property. The results for sound transmission by two methods are compared, i.e., the virtual work principle for double plates and the dynamic equivalent method corresponding to a single one. This paper is expected to be helpful for understanding the sound transmission properties of both pure single- and double-plate models.
Akute Dekompensation und akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen
Authors: Ferstl P. G. , Schulz M. , Trebicka J. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie akute Dekompensation ist eine rasch eintretende Komplikation der Leberzirrhose. Durch alle Stadien der akuten Dekompensation hinweg weisen die portale Hypertension und systemische Inflammation eine zunehmende Schwere auf. Das akut-auf-chronische Leberversagen ist die schwerste Stufe der akuten Dekompensation, und ist durch Organversagen und hohe Mortalität charakterisiert.
Data augmentation and transfer learning to classify malware images in a deep learning context
Authors: Marastoni Niccolò , Giacobazzi Roberto , Dalla Preda Mila 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the past few years, malware classification techniques have shifted from shallow traditional machine learning models to deeper neural network architectures. The main benefit of some of these is the ability to work with raw data, guaranteed by their automatic feature extraction capabilities. This results in less technical expertise needed while building the models, thus less initial pre-processing resources. Nevertheless, such advantage comes with its drawbacks, since deep learning models require huge quantities of data in order to generate a model that generalizes well. The amount of data required to train a deep network without overfitting is often unobtainable for malware analysts. We take inspiration from image-based data augmentation techniques and apply a sequence of semantics-preserving syntactic code transformations (obfuscations) to a small dataset of programs to generate a larger dataset. We then design two learning models, a convolutional neural network and a bi-directional long short-term memory, and we train them on images extracted from compiled binaries of the newly generated dataset. Through transfer learning we then take the features learned from the obfuscated binaries and train the models against two state of the art malware datasets, each containing around 10 000 samples. Our models easily achieve up to 98.5% accuracy on the test set, which is on par or better than the present state of the art approaches, thus validating the approach.
Modeling of the BOF Tapping Process: The Reactions in the Ladle
Authors: You Dali , Bernhard Christian , Mayer Peter , Fasching Josef , Kloesch Gerald , Rössler Roman , Ammer Rainer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A tapping process model of the steel from the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) addressing the reactions in the ladle is proposed. In the model, the effective equilibrium reaction zone (EERZ) method is applied to describe the steel/slag interfacial reaction. The equilibrium reactions in the bulk steel (steel/inclusion/lining wear) and slag (liquid slag/slag additions/lining wear) are considered. The thermodynamic library—ChemApp is used to perform thermodynamic calculation. The process model includes most of the actions during the tapping process, such as the additions of ferroalloys and slag formers, carryover slag entrapment and air pick-up. After the calibration by the industrial measurements of two plants, the model is applied to study the influence of the amount of carryover slag.
Reducing energy costs and CO2 emissions by production system energy flexibility through the integration of renewable energy
Authors: Materi Sergio , D’Angola Antonio , Enescu Diana , Renna Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the production of renewable energy has increased continuously to reduce fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions and to increase energy efficiency. The challenge of industries is to integrate renewable energy systems into the existing power system of manufacturing industries. In the energy flexibility approach, the manufacturing energy demand is aligned with renewable energy availability, to improve the use of the renewable energy source. This paper aims to investigate a manufacturing system supplied by a photovoltaic plant coupled with a battery storage system. A basic storage model has been developed and implemented to pursue this issue. The model is applied in the simplified case of a manufacturing system composed of a cutting numerical control machine, which can adapt the cutting speed to align the power needed to the power supplied by the photovoltaic plant. However, the model can be extended to realistic production cases characterized by complex systems as long as the time evolution of energy consumptions are known in detail. The introduction of battery storage allows reducing the cutting speed fluctuations, improving the cutting life derived from the fatigue effect. This solution reduces the costs of the machine and improves the forecasting of the means needed for the manufacturing system. Finally, a detailed analysis of greenhouse gas reduction is discussed.
Supercyclicity and Resolvent Condition for Weighted Composition Operators
Authors: Mengestie Tesfa , Seyoum Werkaferahu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor pairs of holomorphic maps $$(u,\psi )$$

(
u
,
ψ
)

on the complex plane, we study some dynamical properties of the weighted composition operator $$W_{(u,\psi )}$$

W

(
u
,
ψ
)

on the Fock spaces. We prove that no weighted composition operator on the Fock spaces is supercyclic. Conditions under which the operators satisfy the Ritt’s resolvent growth condition are also identified. In particular, we show that a non-trivial composition operator on the Fock spaces satisfies such a growth condition if and only if it is compact.
Mechanochemistry of fluoride solids: from mechanical activation to mechanically stimulated synthesis
Authors: Scholz Gudrun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis lecture text is focused on the comparatively young field of mechanochemistry of fluoride solids, considering both their mechanical activation and their mechanochemical synthesis. Beside a literature survey, the mechanochemical synthesis of binary fluorides MF2, MF3, of complex fluorides MMgF4, of solid solutions MaxMb1−xF2or M1−xLnxF2+x(Ln: Y, Eu) and of fluorine-containing coordination polymers is presented. Owing to their interesting potential applications in the field of fluoride ion conductivity or luminescence properties when doped, most of the given examples are alkaline earth metal compounds. A short historical survey, remarks on peculiarities and consequences of mechanical activation as well as the necessary technical equipment for mechanochemical reactions precede the section.Graphic abstract
Prevalence of hypokalemia in older persons: results from the PolSenior national survey
Authors: Adamczak Marcin , Chudek Jerzy , Zejda Jan , Bartmańska Magdalena , Grodzicki Tomasz , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Wiecek Andrzej 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Hypokalemia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbances in clinical practice. There are only a few epidemiological studies analyzing the occurrence of hypokalemia in older persons. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hypokalemia in the Polish older population.

Methods
Serum potassium concentration was estimated in 4654 participants (2270 females and 2384 males, mean age 76.5 [11.0] years), who participated in the PolSenior study. Hypokalemia was defined as serum potassium concentration below 3.5 mmol/L. Hypokalemia was found in 39 participants (0.84%) and was significantly more frequent among females (28 females = 1.23% and 11 males = 0.46%; p = 0.003). The prevalence of hypokalemia was not related to age. Among 3303 participants suffering from arterial hypertension, 1093 were treated with potassium-losing diuretics.

Results
Hypokalemia was significantly more frequent among hypertensive than normotensive older participants (1.06 vs. 0.30% respectively; p = 0.007) and among hypertensive participants treated with potassium losing diuretics than ones untreated with these drugs (1.96 vs. 0.46% respectively; p < 0.001). In hypertensive participants, the prevalence of hypokalemia did not depend significantly on oral supplementation of potassium (1.92 and 0.98% respectively, NS). None of 81 participants using laxative agents presented hypokalemia.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that: older age seems not to appear to be a significant risk factor of hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is more often found in the older hypertensive patients treated with potassium losing diuretics, and prevention of diuretic-induced hypokalemia with oral supplementation of potassium seems to be insufficient.
Understanding the effects of personal factors and situational factors for adolescent cyberbullying perpetration: The roles of internal states and parental mediation
Authors: Wang Lin , Ngai Steven Sek‐yum 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe risk and protective factors of cyberbullying perpetration have been widely investigated. Less attention is paid to explore the effects of personal and situational factors, internal states, and external states in an integrated framework. This study aims to fill this void by developing an integrated framework to investigate the effects of power imbalance, the online disinhibition effect, internal states, and parental mediation on cyberbullying among Chinese adolescents.MethodsMultistage cluster random sampling was employed with 1103 adolescents (Mage = 15.3, 52.5% girls) who responded to the questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted.ResultsProficiency in technology use was directly related to cyberbullying. Social status among peers was found to be not only directly related to cyberbullying but also to operate through low self‐control to predict cyberbullying. The online disinhibition effect did not directly correlate to cyberbullying but operated through moral disengagement and low self‐control to predict cyberbullying. Notably, the results showed that physical power was neither directly correlated to cyberbullying nor aligned with moral disengagement or low self‐control to predict cyberbullying. The multiple‐group comparison analysis revealed that parental mediation moderated the effects of the online disinhibition effect on cyberbullying. However, this study found that parental mediation had no buffering effects when examining the relationships between physical power, social status, technology use, and cyberbullying.ConclusionsFindings suggest that cyberbullying prevention should consider the effects of both internal states and external factors. The study has provided theoretical and practical implications for understanding and tackling the widespread problem of cyberbullying among adolescents.
CM liftings of surfaces over finite fields and their applications to the Tate conjecture
Authors: Ito Kazuhiro , Ito Tetsushi , Koshikawa Teruhisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe give applications of integral canonical models of orthogonal Shimura varieties and the Kuga-Satake morphism to the arithmetic of$K3$surfaces over finite fields. We prove that every$K3$surface of finite height over a finite field admits a characteristic$0$lifting whose generic fibre is a$K3$surface with complex multiplication. Combined with the results of Mukai and Buskin, we prove the Tate conjecture for the square of a$K3$surface over a finite field. To obtain these results, we construct an analogue of Kisin’s algebraic group for a$K3$surface of finite height and construct characteristic$0$liftings of the$K3$surface preserving the action of tori in the algebraic group. We obtain these results for$K3$surfaces over finite fields of any characteristics, including those of characteristic$2$or$3$.
Political ideology and diurnal associations
Authors: Ksiazkiewicz Aleksander 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial scientists have begun to uncover links between sleep and political attitudes and behaviors. This registered report considers how diurnal morning-night associations relate to political ideology using data from the Attitudes, Identities, and Individual Differences Study, a large-scale online data collection effort. Measures encompass perceived cultural attitudes and social pressures regarding diurnal preferences and explicit and implicit measures of both morning-night attitudes and morning-night self-concepts. Together, the analyses demonstrate a relationship between morning orientation and conservatism for explicit morning-night self-concepts and, to a lesser extent, explicit morning-night attitudes. This relationship is not present for implicit associations, and associations with perceived cultural attitudes and social pressure are also largely absent. This study reinforces the notion that morningness and eveningness as explicit identities are associated with political ideology.
Examining the association between childhood autistic traits and adolescent hypomania: a longitudinal twin study
Authors: Taylor Mark J. , Ronald Angelica , Martin Joanna , Lundström Sebastian , Hosang Georgina M. , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) co-occur with bipolar disorder (BD) relatively frequently. Individuals with BD often report symptoms of mania and hypomania during adolescence, prior to the age of onset for BD. It is unknown whether these symptoms are associated with ASDs. We examined whether diagnoses of ASDs and autistic traits were associated with hypomania in a large, population-based Swedish twin sample.MethodsParental structured interviews assessed autistic traits, and were used to assign screening diagnoses of ASDs, when twins were aged 9 or 12 (N = 13 533 pairs). Parents then completed questionnaires assessing hypomania when the twins were aged 15 and 18 (N = 3852 pairs at age 15, and 3013 pairs at age 18). After investigating the phenotypic associations between these measures, we used the classical twin design to test whether genetic and environmental influences on autistic traits influence variation in adolescent hypomania.ResultsAutistic traits and ASD diagnoses in childhood were associated with elevated scores on the measures of adolescent hypomania. Twin analyses indicated that 6–9% of the variance in hypomania was explained by genetic influences that were shared with autistic traits in childhood. When repeating these analyses for specific autistic trait domains, we found a stronger association between social interaction difficulties and hypomania than for other autistic trait domains.ConclusionsThese results indicate a genetic link between autistic traits and hypomania in adolescence. This adds to the growing evidence base of genetic factors associated with ASDs showing links with psychiatric outcomes across childhood and into adulthood.