bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous time domain characterization of mixing in agitated pulp stock chests
Authors: Patel Hareshkumar M 
Published: May 2021

<p>Characterization of continuous-flow mixing processes, which is extensively employed by chemical process industry is challenging. Agitated pulp chests behave as low-pass filters to reduce high frequency variability in pulp properties ahead of many pulping and papermaking operation. The complex Rheology displayed by the pulp suspension can create considerable deviation from ideal mixing. The non-ideal flows identified were short-circuiting, recirculation and dead volume. Until now, the identification of non-ideal flows has been carried out in a discrete-time domain with some approximations. In the present study, we characterize the agitated pulp chests in the continuous time domain, which obviates the restrictions imposed by the discrete time approaches. For this purpose, a robust and efficient hybrid genetic algorithm is utilized along with a differential-algebraic model of mixing. Both the algorithm and the model are successfully validated using experimental and simulated data. Superior characterizations at a higher sampling time are obtained compared to those yielded by the discrete-time domain methods. This outcome highlights the benefit of the continuous time domain approach developed in this work.</p>
Kajian Amtsal dan Qasam dalam Al Qur'an
Authors: Jailani Ani , Hasbiyallah Hasbiyallah 
Published: May 2021

Proses pendidikan yang menggunakan media amtsal (perumpamaan), dimaksudkan untuk membentuk berbagai premis diharapkan peserta didik mampu untuk merumuskan istimbathnya secara logis, dan melatih daya Ijtihad yang kuat. Sedangkan Qasam merupakan gaya bahasa yang dijunjung tinggi didalam kebudayaan dan kebiasaan bangsa Arab dalam rangka demi menjaga kehormatannya. Dengan bentuk gaya bahasa dengan tujuan untuk menguatkan setiap pernyataan yang disampaikan. Hakikat qasam dalam al-Tafsir al-Bayani terdiri dari dua aspek, yaitu etimologi dan terminologi. Dari segi etimologi qasam bermakna sumpah yang benar berbeda dengan kata half yang mengandung arti kebohongan sumpah dan ketidaksungguhan si pengucapnya. Secara terminologi, qasam adalah gaya bahasa dalam al-Qur’an yang menjelaskan makna sebuah ayat dengan cara penalaran indrawi yaitu pengalihan perhatian (lafitah) dari sesuatu yang dapat dirasakan (hissi) kepada sesuatu yang abstrak. Bentuknya ada dua, yaitu sumpah dengan huruf wau al-qasam dan sumpah dengan huruf la. Fungsi qasam dalam al-Tafsir al-Bayani telah beralih dari fungsi asalnya yakni untuk mengagungkan atau memuliakan objek sumpah menjadi sebuah retorika bayani yang bertujuan menganalogikan antara muqsam bih dengan jawab al-qasam.
Method Development and Characterization of Liposomal Formulation of Isotretinoin
Authors: Ahmad Md Iftekhar , Kumar Punet , Singh Sangam , Kumar Nitin 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to develop a liposomal drug delivery system of isotretinoin, an acne drug-using spray drying, as a cost-effective and time-effective technique. The liposomal formulation was prepared by using spray drying; three different strategies were adopted: suspension spray drying (SSD), thin-film hydration and spray drying (TFHSD), and emulsion spray drying (ESD). Isotretinoin was 99% bound with lipid, so lipids hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG), and cholesterol were selected for the formulation development. The HSPC, DSPG, cholesterol, and isotretinoin were taken in the ratio 4 : 1 : 0.16 : 3.1 mmol. In vitro drug release studies, microscopy, drug content, and related substance characterizations were done to formulate each strategy of spray drying prepared dry liposomes of isotretinoin. Results were compared with the USP monograph of isotretinoin. It was revealed that isotretinoin's liposomal formulation using ESD was having drug release according to the USP limits. Drug content was also according to the USP requirement; no free drug crystals were found in microscopy, multivesicular vesicles were found in shape, a particle size of up 60 µ was found. The ESD technique was a successful, time-effective, and cost-effective technique for preparing a liposomal drug delivery system for isotretinoin.
Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Oral Delivery of Cod Liver Oil
Authors: Priani Sani Ega , Rahayu Desti Puspa , Maulana Indra Topik 
Published: May 2021

Cod liver oil (CLO) has long been used as medicine or as a functional food. The CLO is a potential source of vitamin D, vitamin A, and omega fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA and docosahexaenoic acid/DHA). Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) can enhance dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability of hydrophilic and lipophilic substances for oral administration. The objective of this study was to develop a SNEDDS of CLO with good physical characteristics and stability. The optimization formula was carried out using various ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. The physical properties of SNEDDS were determined by transmittance percentage, dispersibility, robustness, thermodynamics stability (heating-cooling cycle, centrifugation, and freeze-thaw cycle), and globule size distribution. The optimum formula of CLO-SNEDDS was obtained at a ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant 2 : 1 and a comparison of oil and surfactant mixtures 1 : 6. The CLO-SNEDDS meets the requirement of percent transmittance (97.90±0.85), dispersibility (grade A), and stability based on robustness and thermodynamic stability tests. Diluted SNEDDS has an average globule size of 125 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.515. CLO-SNEDDS preparation has good physical characteristics and stability.
ГЕНПРОКУРОРИ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОЇ УКРАЇНИ: 30 РОКІВ ПОЛІТИКО-ПРАВОВОГО ДОСВІДУ З ПЕРЕДУМОВ ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ НА ПОСАДУ, СТРОКУ ПОВНОВАЖЕНЬ ТА ПІДСТАВ ЗВІЛЬНЕННЯ
Authors: Руденко М. В. 
Published: May 2021

У статті досліджено питання конституційної моделі посади "Генерального прокурора". Стисло розглянуто історичний шлях щодо передумов призначення на посаду кожного Генерального прокурора України, строку їх повноважень та підстав звільнення з посади у контексті 30-річного політико-правового досвіду. Значну увагу акцентовано на конституційної процедурі призначення (звільнення) Генерального прокурора, яка передбачає задіяння у цьому процесі двох вищих центрів влади: Верховної Ради та Президента України. Така законодавча конструкція піддана авторської критиці, адже за неї політично незаангажованим Генпрокурор бути не може, бо де-факто стає виконавцем політичної волі або Президента або Верховної Ради України, що, звичайно, не правильно. Тому подальша діяльність Генерального прокурора потребує нових гарантій незалежності та відсутності побічних факторів, які б її підривали, тобто запровадження в Україні нової конституційної моделі посади Генерального прокурора.
Ключові слова: Генеральний прокурор, призначення Генерального прокурора, строк повноважень, підстави звільнення Генерального прокурора, модель посади Генерального прокурора.
УКРАЇНСЬКЕ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВО І ПОТРЕБИ СУСПІЛЬСТВА
Authors: Попов А. А. , Рязанцев О. Є. , Рязанцева Н. О. 
Published: May 2021

У статті розглянуті проблеми відповідності ряду норм українського законодавства потребам українського суспільства, охарактеризовані головні форми та моделі взаємодії громадських організацій з державою, що визначені законодавчо та мають чітке нормативно-правове регулювання. Автори висувають і обґрунтовують пропозицію щодо розробки більш ефективних норм законодавства України, порівняно із зарубіжних країнах в деяких сферах (податкове, сімейне, міжнародне приватне право і т.д.).
У дослідженні критично проаналізовані положення Угоди про асоціацію Україна – ЄС, а також запропоновано запозичення досвіду у таких західних країн, як: Німеччина, Франція, США та інших, у побудові громадянського суспільства.
Ключові слова: національні інтереси, податкові пільги, громадські організації, законодавча ініціатива, громадськість.
Study on respiratory problems and respiratory function amongst females exposed to biomass fuel and gas/ electricity fuel in a district of Bangladesh
Authors: Alim Md Abdul , Nurunnabi Abu Sadat Mohammad , Ahmad Salahuddin , Khan Mohammad Adnan , Ahmad SK Akhter 
Published: May 2021

Indoor air pollution from biomass smoke is now regarded as public health hazard in the developing world causing different respiratory diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted to see the prevalence of respiratory disease and status of respiratory function among female biomass fuel users and gas/electricity fuel users in a selective area of Bangladesh. A total of 103 females from Madla, a rural area under Bogra District of Bangladesh, which having good communication facilities, meeting the defined enrollment criteria for biomass fuel group were selected purposively as cases, while 101 females from the urban households from Thanthania in the same district, meeting the defined eligibility criteria for controls were included in gas/electricity fuel group. The participants were interviewed on a semi-structured questionnaire from March to June 2007. Moreover, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of 98 participants from each group was measured as a lung function parameter. In the biomass group, majority (61.6%) used open type of kitchen, 21.2% partially closed kitchen, 11.1% closed and 6.1% closed non-ventilated kitchen. Nearly three-quarter (73%) of the gas/electricity group used closed ventilated type of kitchen, 26% used partially closed kitchen and only 1 case used open kitchen. Nearly one-quarter (24%) of the biomass group had habit of taking beetle-nut compared to only 3% of the gas/electricity group and chewing tobacco was also revealed to be proportionately higher in the former group (22.8%) than that in the latter group (4%) (p<0.001). The biomass group exhibited a significantly higher frequency of respiratory problem (16.5%) compared to their gas/electricity counterpart (5%). 30.4% of the participants of biomass group suffered from allergic rhinitis as opposed to 13% of the gas/electricity group. Coughing was also significantly higher in the biomass group (13.7%) than that in the gas/electricity group (1%). Coughing in the early morning and cough with productive sputum also demonstrated their significant presence in the former group than that in the latter group. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) shows that it was significantly lower in the biomass fuel user group (225.0±38.6 L/min.) than that of the gas/electricity user group (247.5±34.4 L/min.) (p<0.001). It was found that smoke generated from biomass fuel combustion is a significant risk factor for respiratory problems among the female household members who, by tradition, are associated with cooking activities.
CBMJ 2014 January: Vol. 03 No. 01 P: 08-12
Pelatihan Peningkatan Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Persiapan Menjelang Menopause di Puskesmas Mojo
Authors: Rijanto Rijanto , Alfiah Siti , Jeniawaty Sherly 
Published: May 2021

In general, menopause occurs at the age of 48-50 years, including in the climacteric period, which is a syndrome of endocrine, somatic, and psychological changes at the end of the fertile / reproductive period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success of cadre training in optimizing preparation for menopause. The intervention was given in the working area of Puskesmas Mojo, Surabaya. The intervention targets of health cadres and elderly women were selected using a quota sampling technique. The results of the evaluation show that there had been a 70% increase in the knowledge of elderly cadres about preparation for menopause.
Keywords: menopause; health education; elderly women; health cadres

ABSTRAK

Pada umumnya menopause terjadi pada usia 48-50 tahun, termasuk dalam masa klimakterium yang merupakan sindrom perubahan endokrin, somatik, dan psikik pada akhir masa subur/reproduktif. Tujuan studi ini adalah mengevaluasi keberhasilan pelatihan kader dalam optimalisasi persiapan menjelang menopause. Intervensi diberikan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mojo, Surabaya. Sasaran intervensi kader kesehatan dan wanita usia lanjut, yang dipilih dengan teknik quota sampling. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi peningkatan sebesar 70% tentang pengetahuan ibu kader lansia mengenai persiapan menjelang menopause.
Kata kunci: menopause; pendidikan kesehatan; wanita usia lanjut; kader kesehatan
Plasma HSP90AA1 Predicts the Risk of Breast Cancer Onset and Distant Metastasis
Authors: Liu Haizhou , Zhang Zihan , Huang Yi , Wei Wene , Ning Shufang , Li Jilin , Liang Xinqiang , Liu Kaisheng , Zhang Litu 
Published: May 2021

AimWe aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive nomogram containing pre-treatment plasma HSP90AA1 to predict the risk of breast cancer onset and metastasis.MethodsWe assessed the expression of HSP90s in breast cancer patients using an online database. To verify the results, 677 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 146 patients with benign breast disease between 2014 and 2019 were selected from our hospital and were divided into cancer risk and metastasis risk cohorts. We focused on HSP90AA1 to elucidate the risks of onset and metastasis in the cohorts.ResultsExpression levels of HSP90AA1, HSP90AA2, HSP90AB1, HSP90B1, and TRAP1 were linked to disease progression. Survival analysis using the GEPIA and OncoLnc databases indicated that the upregulation of HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1 was related to poor overall survival. In the cancer risk cohort, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), HSP90AA1, T cells%, natural killer cells%, B cells%, neutrophil count, monocyte count, and d-dimer were incorporated into the nomogram. A high Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) value of 0.771 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.725–0.817] could still be reached in the interval validation. In the metastasis risk cohort, predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included the use of CEA, CA153, HSP90AA1, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), natural killer cells%, B cells%, platelet count, monocyte count, and d-dimer. The C-index was 0.844 (95% CI, 0.801–0.887) and it was well-calibrated. HSP90AA1 raised net clinical benefit of breast cancer onset and metastasis risk prediction nomogram in a range of risk thresholds (5–92%) and (1–90%).ConclusionOur study revealed that pretreatment plasma HSP90AA1 combined with other markers could conveniently predict the risk of breast cancer onset and metastasis.
Rational and Design of the SIMULATOR Study: A Multicentre Randomized Study to Assess the Impact of SIMULation-bAsed Training on Transoesophageal echocardiOgraphy leaRning for Cardiology Residents
Authors: Pezel Théo , Bernard Anne , Lavie Badie Yoan , Dreyfus Julien , Audureau Etienne , Bohbot Yohann , Fard Damien , Hubert Arnaud , Nguyen Lee S. , Monteil Cécile , Bière Loïc , Le Ven Florent , Canu Marjorie , Ribeyrolles Sophie , Mion Baptiste , Mouhat Basile , Bazire Baptiste , Fauvel Charles , Ternacle Julien , Cautela Jennifer , Cambet Théo , Le Tourneau Thierry , Donal Erwan , Lafitte Stéphane , Mansencal Nicolas , Coisne Augustin 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Simulation-based training in transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) seems promising. However, data are limited to non-randomized or single-center studies. To assess the impact of simulation-based vs. traditional teaching on TEE knowledge and performance for medical residents in cardiology.Materials and Methods: Nationwide prospective randomized multicenter study involving 43 centers throughout France allowing for the inclusion of &gt;70% of all French cardiology residents. All cardiology residents naive from TEE will be included. Randomization with stratification by center will allocate residents to either a control group receiving theoretical knowledge by e-learning only, or to an intervention group receiving two simulation-based training sessions on a TEE simulator in addition.Results: All residents will undergo both a theoretical test (0–100 points) and a practical test on a TEE simulator (0–100 points) before and 3 months after the training. Satisfaction will be assessed by a 5-points Likert scale. The primary outcomes will be to compare the scores in the final theoretical and practical tests between the two groups, 3 months after the completion of the training.Conclusion: Data regarding simulation-based learning in TEE are limited to non-randomized or single-center studies. The randomized multicenter SIMULATOR study will assess the impact of simulation-based vs. traditional teaching on TEE knowledge and performance for medical residents in cardiology, and whether such an educational program should be proposed in first line for TEE teaching.
Offspring of Obese Dams Exhibit Sex-Differences in Pancreatic Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans and Islet Insulin Secretion
Authors: Casasnovas Jose , Damron Christopher Luke , Jarrell James , Orr Kara S. , Bone Robert N. , Archer-Hartmann Stephanie , Azadi Parastoo , Kua Kok Lim 
Published: May 2021

Offspring of obese mothers suffer higher risks of type 2 diabetes due to increased adiposity and decreased β cell function. To date, the sex-differences in offspring islet insulin secretion during early life has not been evaluated extensively, particularly prior to weaning at postnatal day 21 (P21). To determine the role of maternal obesity on offspring islet insulin secretion, C57BL/6J female dams were fed chow or western diet from 4 weeks prior to mating to induce maternal obesity. First, offspring of chow-fed and obese dams were evaluated on postnatal day 21 (P21) prior to weaning for body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, and islet phasic insulin-secretion. Compared to same-sex controls, both male and female P21 offspring born to obese dams (MatOb) had higher body adiposity and exhibited sex-specific differences in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. The male MatOb offspring developed the highest extent of glucose intolerance and lowest glucose-induced insulin secretion. In contrast, P21 female offspring of obese dams had unimpaired insulin secretion. Using SAX-HPLC, we found that male MatOb had a decrease in pancreatic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, which is a macromolecule critical for islet health. Notably, 8-weeks-old offspring of obese dams continued to exhibit a similar pattern of sex-differences in glucose intolerance and decreased islet insulin secretion. Overall, our study suggests that maternal obesity induces sex-specific changes to pancreatic HSG in offspring and a lasting effect on offspring insulin secretion, leading to the sex-differences in glucose intolerance.
Tolvaptan in the Management of Acute Euvolemic Hyponatremia After Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis
Authors: Indirli Rita , Ferreira de Carvalho Júlia , Cremaschi Arianna , Mantovani Beatrice , Sala Elisa , Serban Andreea Liliana , Locatelli Marco , Bertani Giulio , Carosi Giulia , Fiore Giorgio , Tariciotti Leonardo , Arosio Maura , Mantovani Giovanna , Ferrante Emanuele 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionSyndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) can be a complication of hypothalamus-pituitary surgery. The use of tolvaptan in this setting is not well established, hence the primary aim of this study was to assess the sodium correction rates attained with tolvaptan compared with standard treatments (fluid restriction and/or hypertonic saline). Furthermore, we compared the length of hospital stay in the two treatment groups and investigated the occurrence of overcorrection and side effects including osmotic demyelination syndrome.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 308 transsphenoidal surgical procedures performed between 2011 and 2019 at our hospital. We selected adult patients who developed post-operative SIAD and recorded sodium monitoring, treatment modalities and outcomes. Correction rates were adjusted based on pre-treatment sodium levels.ResultsTwenty-nine patients (9.4%) developed post-operative SIAD. Tolvaptan was administered to 14 patients (median dose 15 mg). Standard treatments were employed in 14 subjects (fluid restriction n=11, hypertonic saline n=1, fluid restriction and hypertonic saline n=2). Tolvaptan yielded higher adjusted sodium correction rates (12.0 mmolL-1/24h and 13.4 mmolL-1/48h) than standard treatments (1.8 mmolL-1/24h, p&lt;0.001, and 4.5 mmolL-1/48h, p=0.004, vs. tolvaptan). The correction rate exceeded 10 mmolL-1/24h or 18 mmolL-1/48h in 9/14 and 2/14 patients treated with tolvaptan, respectively, and in no patient who received standard treatments. No side effects including osmotic demyelination occurred. Tolvaptan was associated with a shorter hospital stay (11vs.15 days, p=0.01).ConclusionsTolvaptan is more effective than fluid restriction (with or without hypertonic saline) and allows for a shortened hospital stay in patients with SIAD after transsphenoidal surgery. However, its dose and duration should be carefully tailored, and close monitoring is recommended to allow prompt detection of overcorrection.
High Infection Fatality Rate Among Elderly and Risk Factors Associated With Infection Fatality Rate and Asymptomatic Infections of COVID-19 Cases in Hong Kong
Authors: Tao Jun , Zhang Xiaoyu , Musa Salihu S. , Yang Lin , He Daihai 
Published: May 2021

Background: Since the emergence in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the greatest global public health threats in history. However, asymptomatic infections have increased the challenges of providing accurate estimates for the infection fatality rate (IFR) of COVID-19.Methods: We calculated the asymptomatic case ratios based on the reported COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong where intensive testing has been conducted in close contacts and high-risk populations. We estimated the IFR using both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases as denominator. The boosted regression tree (BRT) and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify relative contribution and effect size of the risk factors associated with the asymptomatic cases and IFRs.Results: The ratio of the asymptomatic patients in Hong Kong was higher than many other regions over the world. Imported cases had a higher asymptomatic proportion than local cases. Older age and male were associated with a higher IFR than younger age and females.Conclusion: Policymakers should consider the potential risk factors for the asymptomatic infections and IFRs by the Hong Kong surveillance data to mitigate the diseases and reduce the case mortality of COVID-19.