bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Savanna woody plants responses to mammalian herbivory and implications for management of livestock–wildlife landscape
Authors: Kibet Staline , Nyangito Moses , MacOpiyo Laban , Kenfack David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The need to address wildlife conservation outside of protected areas has become more urgent than ever before to meet environmental and socio‐economic goals. However, there is limited knowledge about how woody plants respond to herbivory within landscapes shared by wildlife and domestic herbivores in African savanna, thus management decisions might be based on inaccurate information and ultimately be ineffective.
We compared woody vegetation dynamics between two adjacent ranches with different management objectives and subjected to varying levels of herbivory by both wildlife and domesticated mammals using 421 square plots of 400 m2 nested on three transects, each 3 km long and purposively selected to minimize bio‐physical differences.
Both species and structural diversity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the site with lower levels of herbivory. Conversely, the site with higher levels of herbivory recorded enhanced biomass production for a selection of palatable forage species, perhaps due to compensatory re‐growth. This enhanced biomass however dampens as trees grow taller than the browsing zone.
A higher intensity of herbivory seems to promote increases in browsing‐tolerant Acacia mellifera as well as homogenization of the vegetation architecture and lower structural diversity. Conversely, low intensity of browsing modified by environmental factors seems to promote proliferation of encroaching unpalatable species which are increasingly becoming a major rangeland management challenge in the study region.
Managing landscapes for the co‐existence of both wildlife and livestock demands critical analysis of how vegetation responses to herbivory to ensure suitable ecological niches are maintained. To increase browse biomass for livestock within the landscape would demand that dominant palatable browse‐tolerant species are suppressed within the browsing zone of majority of browsing livestock kept by promoting appropriate browsing intensity. On the other hand, if the management objective is to promote co‐existence of both wildlife and livestock, then the strategy would be to promote structural diversity by varying livestock stocking rate. Given the movement of wildlife between properties, livestock stocking rates should be considered within a wider landscape than just individual private lands.
Patients' Perspectives on Shared Decision‐Making About Medications in Psoriatic Arthritis: An Interview Study
Authors: Sumpton Daniel , Oliffe Michael , Kane Barry , Hassett Geraldine , Craig Jonathan C. , Kelly Ayano , Tong Allison 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveDecision‐making regarding medications to manage psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is complex because of multiple disease manifestations and comorbidities. Fear of side effects from systemic medications and misalignment in priorities between patients with PsA and rheumatologists makes shared decision‐making challenging. We aimed to describe the perspectives of patients with PsA on shared decision‐making regarding medication taking.MethodsFace‐to‐face semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 adult patients with PsA in Australia. Transcripts were thematically analyzed.ResultsFive themes were identified: lacking agency in decision‐making (denied choice, knowledge asymmetry, desperation and necessity, restricted by unfair eligibility criteria, automated approach); overwhelmed by potential harms (daunted by aggressive therapy, anticipating lifestyle disruption from side effects, jeopardizing fertility and pregnancy, avoiding relapse); gaining confidence (discernible benefit in function and mental health, sharpening knowledge over time, expertise of family and peers, empowered by information); opting for alternatives (pursuing normality, suspicion of over‐medicalization, seeking comprehensive solutions); and developing trust and fortifying collaboration (assurance through a personable approach, seeking consistency, supported in decisional power, resolution through respectful negotiation).ConclusionPatients with PsA lack agency in making treatment decisions and are overwhelmed by the potential harms of systemic medication. Improving knowledge and trust with medical teams in a supportive and collaborative environment, and strategies for managing risks and side effects may improve decision‐making about pharmacologic management of PsA.
Conjugate Electrospun 3D Gelatin Nanofiber Sponge for Rapid Hemostasis
Authors: Xie Xianrui , Li Dan , Chen Yujie , Shen Yihong , Yu Fan , Wang Wei , Yuan Zhengchao , Morsi Yosry , Wu Jinglei , Mo Xiumei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeveloping an excellent hemostatic material with good biocompatibility and high blood absorption capacity for rapid hemostasis of deep non‐compressible hemorrhage remains a significant challenge. Herein, a novel conjugate electrospinning strategy to prepare an ultralight 3D gelatin sponge consisting of continuous interconnected nanofibers. This unique fluffy nanofiber structure endows the sponge with low density, high surface area, compressibility, and ultrastrong liquid absorption capacity. In vitro assessments show the gelatin nanofiber sponge has good cytocompatibility, high cell permeability, and low hemolysis ratio. The rat subcutaneous implantation studies demonstrate good biocompatibility and biodegradability of gelatin nanofiber sponge. Gelatin nanofiber sponge aggregates and activates platelets in large quantities to accelerate the formation of platelet embolism, and simultaneously escalates other extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways, which collectively contribute to its superior hemostatic capacity. In vivo studies on an ear artery injury model and a liver trauma model of rabbits demonstrate that the gelatin nanofiber sponge rapidly induce stable blood clots with least blood loss compared to gelatin nanofiber membrane, medical gauze, and commercial gelatin hemostatic sponge. Hence, the gelatin nanofiber sponge holds great potential as an absorbable hemostatic agent for rapid hemostasis.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C8‐Oxygenation of Naphthalene Derivatives: Direct Access to Naphtholactone Skeleton
Authors: Berrou Caroline , Prévost Sébastien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, a direct C8‐oxygenation of naphthalene derivatives is described. Different carbonyl groups were used as directing group to deliver corresponding naphthols via a palladium‐catalyzed oxidation reaction using PhI(OAc)2 in a TFA/TFAA mixture. Interestingly, when Weinreb amide was employed as the directing group, the naphtholactone skeleton was directly obtained. This methodology was applied to the synthesis of variously substituted naphtholactones.magnified image
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of Bicyclic Resorcinols via an Intramolecular Friedel−Crafts‐Type 1,4‐Addition: Access to Cannabidiol Analogues
Authors: Bryant Laura A. , Shankland Kenneth , Straker Hannah E. , Johnston Callum D. , Lees Nicholas R. , Cobb Alexander J. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe organocatalytic transformation of resorcinols is extremely rare. In this article, we report a highly enantioselective, organocatalytic intramolecular cyclization of these systems by a Friedel–Crafts‐type 1,4‐addition using a Jørgensen‐Hayashi‐like organocatalyst with a large silyl protecting group, and show that heat improves reaction yield with virtually no detriment to enantioselectivity. A variety of bicyclic resorcinols were obtained with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 94%). To show the utility of these constructs, and as part of a wider project involving the synthesis of cannabinoid‐like compounds, the resorcinol formed was used to generate both ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ cannabidiol (CBD) derivatives which were shown to have anticonvulsant activity.magnified image
Pulmonary Aerosol Delivery of Let‐7b microRNA Confers a Striking Inhibitory Effect on Lung Carcinogenesis through Targeting the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Qi , Pan Jing , Xiong Donghai , Wang Yian , Miller Mark Steven , Sei Shizuko , Shoemaker Robert H. , Izzotti Alberto , You Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs are potential candidates for lung cancer prevention and therapy. A major limitation is the lack of an efficient delivery system to directly deliver miRNA to cancer cells while limiting systemic exposure. The delivery of miRNA via inhalation is a potential strategy for lung cancer prevention in high‐risk individuals. In this study, the authors investigate the efficacy of aerosolized let‐7b miRNA treatment in lung cancer prevention. Let‐7b shows significant inhibition of B[a]P‐induced lung adenoma with no detectable side effects. Single‐cell RNA sequencing of tumor‐infiltrating T cells from primary tumors reveals that Let‐7b post‐transcriptionally suppresses PD‐L1 and PD‐1 expression in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that let‐7b miRNAs may promote antitumor immunity in vivo. Let‐7b treatment decreases the expression of PD‐1 in CD8+ T cells and reduces PD‐L1 expression in lung tumor cells. The results suggest that this
aerosolized let‐7b mimic is a promising approach for lung cancer prevention, and that the in vivo tumor inhibitory effects of let‐7b are mediated, at least in part, by immune‐promoting effects via downregulating PD‐L1 in tumors and/or PD‐1 on CD8+ T cells. These changes potentiate antitumor CD8+ T cell immune responses, and ultimately lead to tumor inhibition.
Market impacts of Farm to Fork: Reducing agricultural input usage
Authors: Beckman Jayson , Ivanic Maros , Jelliffe Jeremy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLegislation has been proposed that would change the European Union (EU) agricultural supply chain, including targeted reductions in the use of agricultural inputs. Our results indicate that reducing those inputs (fertilizer, pesticides, land, and antimicrobials) could lead to a reduction in the EU agricultural production by 12%, less competitiveness in export markets, and negative impacts to consumer budgets and societal welfare. If the EU were to implement technological improvements, the impacts would be lessened; however, the necessary improvement in technology will require additional investment in research and development. Based on historical trends, these improvements are projected to take up to 27 years.
Dynamic Catalytic Highly Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Yildirim Okan , Grigalunas Michael , Brieger Lukas , Strohmann Carsten , Antonchick Andrey P. , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn dynamic covalent chemistry, reactions follow a thermodynamically controlled pathway through equilibria. Reversible covalent‐bond formation and breaking in a dynamic process enables the interconversion of products formed under kinetic control to thermodynamically more stable isomers. Notably, enantioselective catalysis of dynamic transformations has not been reported and applied in complex molecule synthesis. We describe the discovery of dynamic covalent enantioselective metal‐complex‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. We have developed a stereodivergent tandem synthesis of structurally and stereochemically complex molecules that generates eight stereocenters with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity through asymmetric reversible bond formation in a dynamic process in two consecutive Ag‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with electron‐poor olefins. Time‐dependent reversible dynamic covalent‐bond formation gives enantiodivergent and diastereodivergent access to structurally complex double cycloadducts with high selectivity from a common set of reagents.
Activation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids by Diboron Reagents towards Nickel‐Catalyzed Direct Decarbonylative Borylation
Authors: Deng Xi , Guo Jiandong , Zhang Xiaofeng , Wang Xiaotai , Su Weiping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Ni‐catalyzed decarbonylative borylation of (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids with B2cat2 has been achieved without recourse to any additives. This Ni‐catalyzed method exhibits a broad substrate scope covering poorly reactive non‐ortho‐substituted (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids, and tolerates diverse functional groups including some of the groups active to Ni0 catalysts. The key to achieve this decarbonylative borylation reaction is the choice of B2cat2 as a coupling partner that not only acts as a borylating reagent, but also chemoselectively activates aryl carboxylic acids towards oxidative addition of their C(acyl)−O bond to Ni0 catalyst via the formation of acyloxyboron compounds. A combination of experimental and computational studies reveals a detailed plausible mechanism for this reaction system, which involves a hitherto unknown concerted decarbonylation and reductive elimination step that generates the aryl boronic ester product. This mode of boron‐promoted carboxylic acid activation is also applicable to other types of reactions.
Tandem Catalytic Indolization/Enantioconvergent Substitution of Alcohols by Borrowing Hydrogen to Access Tricyclic Indoles
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Pan Jiaoting , Ke Ya‐Ming , Liu Yongbing , Zhao Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn efficient tandem catalysis method is achieved for the direct conversion of alcohol‐containing alkynyl anilines to valuable chiral 2,3‐fused tricyclic indoles. This method relies on a tandem indolization followed by enantioconvergent substitution of alcohols via borrowing hydrogen to construct two rings in one step, enabled by relay and cooperative catalysis of a chiral iridium complex with a chiral phosphoric acid. Highly diastereoselective transformations of the tricyclic indole products also provide efficient access to a diverse array of complex polycyclic indoline compounds.
Correlating Charge Transport Properties of Conjugated Polymers in Solution Aggregates and Thin‐Film Aggregates
Authors: Wang Zi‐Yuan , Di Virgilio Lucia , Yao Ze‐Fan , Yu Zi‐Di , Wang Xin‐Yi , Zhou Yang‐Yang , Li Qi‐Yi , Lu Yang , Zou Lin , Wang Hai I. , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe role of solution aggregates on the charge transport process of conjugated polymers in electronic devices has gained increasing attention; however, the correlation of the charge carrier mobilities between the solution aggregates and the solid‐state films remains elusive. Herein, three polymers, FBDOPV‐2T, FBDOPV‐2F2T, and FBDOPV‐4F2T, are designed and synthesized with distinct aggregation behavior in solution. By combining contact‐free ultrafast terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and field‐effect transistor measurements, we track the charge carrier mobility of the aggregates of these polymers from the solution to the thin‐film state. Remarkably, the mobility of these three polymers is found to follow nearly the same trend (FBDOPV‐2T>FBDOPV‐2F2T≫FBDOPV‐4F2T) in both solutions and thin‐film states. The quantitative mobility correlation indicates that the charge transport properties of solution aggregates play a critical role in determining the thin‐film charge transport properties and final device performance. Our results highlight the importance of investigating and controlling solution aggregation structures towards efficient organic electronic devices.
Synthesis of magnetite@MIL‐53(Fe)‐NH‐CS2 via postsynthetic modification for extraction/separation of ultra‐trace Hg (II) from some real samples and its subsequent quantification by CVAAS
Authors: Veisi Behzad , Lorestani Bahareh , Ardakani Soheil Sobhan , Cheraghi Mehrdad , Tayebi Lima 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, at first, a magnetite@MIL‐53(Fe)‐NH2 core‐shell nanocomposite was fabricated and then modified via postsynthetic modification by dithiocarbamate moieties to obtain a magnetite@MIL‐53(Fe)‐NH‐CS2 nano‐adsorbent. The constructed material was used for extraction/separation of ultra‐trace Hg (II) from seawater, river water, and fish samples, and then the enriched mercury was quantified by CVAAS instrument. Characterization of magnetite@MIL‐53(Fe)‐NH‐CS2 nano‐adsorbent was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, CHNS analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and magnetometry. Optimization of the affecting variables was conducted via the design of experiment methodology. After that, adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies were carried out. The experimental data were well fitted to the Langmuir and pseudo second‐order kinetic models for adsorption study and kinetic study, respectively. Accordingly, a maximum adsorption capacity and a Langmuir constant (KL) of 250 mg g−1 and 0.102 L mg−1 were obtained, respectively. The LOD and linearity of the preconcentration method were 0.006 ng ml−1 and 0.02–50 ng ml−1 (r2 = 0.9945), respectively. A very high preconcentration factor equal to 300 was attained after optimization. The accuracy of the current method was proved by analyzing IAEA‐436 (Tuna fish flesh homogenate, AQCS) certified reference material. Finally, the current extraction/separation method was employed to the extraction and quantification of ultra‐trace amounts of mercury ions in seawater, river water, and fish samples.
Chironomid larvae destroy cultivated microbial mat in protected Adriatic salterns
Authors: Juteršek Mojca , Dolinar Marko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The Sečovlje salterns on the Northern Adriatic coastline encompass both active and abandoned salt pans on the estuary of the Dragonja River. They are protected as a nature park by a governmental decree and by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance.
In the Sečovlje salterns, salt is still gathered according to a traditional process originating from the 14th century. The high quality of the traditionally produced salt is attributed to a cultivated microbial mat (called ‘petola’) that covers the floor of the crystallization basins and provides a barrier from the anoxic mud. Every spring, in a process called ‘fertilization’, the microbial mat is covered by a layer of mud, a practice that is supposedly crucial for the maintenance of the petola, but its exact role and underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
In early spring 2018 the microbial mat, primarily composed of the filamentous cyanobacterium Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes, was infested by dipteran larvae, which occurred at densities of up to 20,000 m−2. Based on the morphological features of the larvae and imagos, and on DNA analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, the newly identified pest was determined to be a chironomid. Under laboratory conditions, larvae fed upon the cyanobacterial mat and destroyed its structure.
In the laboratory, the application of a thin layer of saltern mud in a manner typical for the salt production process prevented the development of chironomid larvae and maintained the structure of the microbial mat. In the salterns, omitting the fertilization step resulted in a considerable weakening of the petola layer.
The results reveal the possible biological background for the fertilization process and thus provides important knowledge for the conservation of the traditional man‐made aquatic ecosystem of the Sečovlje salterns.
Gilparrka Almira, a rock art site in Mithaka Country, southwest Queensland: cultural connections, dreaming tracks and trade routes
Authors: Franklin Natalie R. , Giorgi Marisa , Habgood Phillip J. , Wright Nathan , Gorringe Josh , Gorringe Betty , Gorringe Brett , Westaway Michael C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper describes a rock engraving site in Mithaka Country in the Channel Country, southwest Queensland, where the majority of the motifs consist of crescents or variations on crescents. This is the first rock art site to be recorded in Mithaka Country, which is in a part of Australia's sandy deserts where rock art is uncommon.Gilparrka Almira is placed within a broader social context by exploring its possible cultural connections with other sites and regions. Regional comparisons of the main motif type found that proportions decreased in all directions away from the site. Possible meanings for crescent imagery are then examined from ethnohistorical sources, indicating that crescent motifs may bear a range of “discontinuous” meanings that can be used in different contexts. It is suggested that crescent motifs may have moved/diffused across vast areas of the continent, following the north‐south Lake Eyre Basin trade network, with Mithaka Country lying at its approximate centre, and other (east‐west) trade routes, along the Dreaming tracks with which the trade routes are frequently associated. Motifs with “discontinuous” meaning ranges, like crescents, would have been particularly suitable for use in this scenario because of their ability to be readily incorporated into different social contexts.
Frequency Domain Electromagnetic mapping for delineating subsurface structures related to the historical port of Emporiae
Authors: Casas Albert , Castanyer Pere , Himi Mahjoub , Lovera Raul , Rivero Lluís , Santos Marta , Tremoleda Joaquim , Sendrós Alexandre , García‐Artigas Rubén , Urruela Aritz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in the application of geophysical methods to reconstruct the palaeo‐landscapes of sites of special historical interest in support of the planning of archaeological researches. Given the extent of the surface to be investigated, electromagnetic methods have proven to be very suitable for their speed, resolution and versatility for this objective. In particular, coastal areas of the Mediterranean have undergone significant changes in the position of the coastline, because of changes in sea level and sediment inputs that have covered natural harbours used for the establishing colonies.In this paper, we present the results of a geophysical survey conducted using frequency‐domain electromagnetic (FDEM) method carried out to get the geometry of a coastal area near to Emporiae (NE, Spain), which was supposed to form a natural port that was used by Greeks and Romans for its first colonial settlements on the Iberian Peninsula. The results obtained from a dense network of apparent conductivity measurements, supported punctually by other geophysical data (VES and ERT) and boreholes, has allowed us to define the geometry of the basin and confirm the hypotheses of the existence of harbour buried under the coastal and alluvial sediments in the bay close to the remains from Greek and Roman times.