bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurosonographic assessments of corpus callosum related structures in growth‐restricted fetuses
Authors: Yakiştiran Betül , Altinboğa Orhan , Halici Öztürk Filiz , Erol Seyit Ahmet , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Yücel Aykan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether corpus callosum length (CCL), corpus callosum‐fastigium length (CCFL) and the angle between CCL‐CCFL (CCFA) were altered in growth‐restricted fetuses.MethodsThis prospective case–control study was conducted in a tertiary center. A total of 80 singleton fetuses were included in the study, classified as 36 late‐onset growth‐restricted fetuses and 44 adequate‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses. All biometric measurements and Doppler assessments of umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus were performed via the trans‐abdominal route. CCL, CCLF, and CCFA were assessed via the trans‐vaginal route.ResultsLate‐onset growth‐restricted fetuses showed significantly reduced CCL and CCFL. There was no statistically significant differences in terms of CCFA. Moderate‐high correlations between CCL and biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, FL and gestational age were detected (r: 0.482 p: 0.000; r: 0.537 p: 0.000; r: 0.488 p: 0.000; r: 0.519 p: 0.000; and r: 0.472 p: 0.000, respectively).ConclusionThis study adds to the literature that CCFA has not changed despite the decrease in CCL and CCFL in late‐onset fetal growth restriction that might be a result of the redistribution of cerebral blood flow. To clarify the prognostic implications of these results in terms of neural and cognitive functions in postnatal life, there is a need for larger prospective studies.
Understanding multiseptated gallbladder: A systematic analysis with a case report
Authors: Terkawi Rayan S. , Qutob Dua' , Hendaus Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultiseptated gallbladder (MSG) (also known as “Honeycomb gallbladder”) is a rare condition that was first described by Knetsch in 1952, and there are around 150 cases described over the world. MSG has been described as a congenital anomaly in most of the cases and as acquired in a few. Moreover, the phenomenon was described with a variety of different symptoms and management. The aim of this article is to have better understanding of this condition and management approach. We are reporting a 4‐year‐old girl, who presented to Sidra Medicine, Qatar with MSG. We have also included 97 cases for review and analysis. The median age of presentation of the condition was 27 years but may present in neonates and in the elderly, while gender was not a risk factor. Abdominal pain is the most common presenting symptom, but it can present without symptoms. Certain congenital anomalies were detected in the pancreaticobiliary system in few patients with MSG. Medical treatment was reported in eight symptomatic patients, four of whom failed therapy. Cholecystectomy was performed in 40 patients, which resulted in resolutions of symptoms in 13 of them. Based on the available literature, congenital MSG is probably due to in‐pouching of gallbladder wall to its own cavity forming septa containing muscular fibers. MSG can be diagnosed solely via imaging, and ultrasound appears to be an effective and feasible mode of diagnosis. Medical treatment efficacy is not well‐known, but cholecystectomy has resulted in complete resolution in symptomatic patients.
Correlates of gallbladder stones among patients with sickle cell disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mohamed Sagad O O , Ibrahim Omer A O , Mohammad Dahlia A A , Ali Almigdad H M 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSickle cell disorders are the most common hemoglobinopathies worldwide. Clinical variability of sickle cell disease (SCD) and susceptibility to its complications have been attributed to hematologic, genetic, and other influencing factors. This review aimed to provide further summary and analyses of the prevalence and factors associated with cholelithiasis among patients with SCD. A systematic database search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, World Health Organization Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library databases, and System for Information on Gray Literature in Europe (SIGLE). Pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and standardized mean difference (SMD) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software version 3.3. A total of 34 studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the analyses. The overall prevalence of cholelithiasis among SCD patients was 25.3% (95% CI 19.4–32.3%). The risk of developing cholelithiasis was significantly associated with lower total hemoglobin level (SMD = −0.45; P = 0.002), lower hemoglobin F (HbF) level (SMD = −0.85; P = 0.003), higher total serum bilirubin level (SMD = 1.15; P < 0.001), higher reticulocytes count (SMD = 0.44; P = 0.007), and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase‐1A1 enzyme (UGT1A1) promoter polymorphism. This review provides a comprehensive view of the high rate of cholelithiasis and its associated factors in SCD patients.
MRI Characteristics of Pediatric Renal Tumors: A SIOP‐RTSG Radiology Panel Delphi Study
Authors: van der Beek Justine N. , Watson Tom A. , Nievelstein Rutger A.J. , Brisse Hervé J. , Morosi Carlo , Lederman Henrique M. , Coma Ana , Gavra Maria M. , Vult von Steyern Kristina , Lakatos Karoly , Breysem Luc , Varga Edit , Ducou Le Pointe Hubert , Lequin Maarten H. , Schäfer Jürgen F. , Mentzel Hans‐Joachim , Hötker Andreas M. , Calareso Giuseppina , Swinson Sophie , Kyncl Martin , Granata Claudio , Aertsen Michael , Di Paolo Pier Luigi , de Krijger Ronald R. , Graf Norbert , Olsen Øystein E. , Schenk Jens‐Peter , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Littooij Annemieke S. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe SIOP‐Renal Tumor Study Group (RTSG) does not advocate invasive procedures to determine histology before the start of therapy. This may induce misdiagnosis‐based treatment initiation, but only for a relatively small percentage of approximately 10% of non‐Wilms tumors (non‐WTs). MRI could be useful for reducing misdiagnosis, but there is no global consensus on differentiating characteristics.PurposeTo identify MRI characteristics that may be used for discrimination of newly diagnosed pediatric renal tumors.Study TypeConsensus process using a Delphi method.PopulationNot applicable.Field Strength/SequenceAbdominal MRI including T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging, contrast‐enhanced MRI, and diffusion‐weighted imaging at 1.5 or 3 T.AssessmentTwenty‐three radiologists from the SIOP‐RTSG radiology panel with ≥5 years of experience in MRI of pediatric renal tumors and/or who had assessed ≥50 MRI scans of pediatric renal tumors in the past 5 years identified potentially discriminatory characteristics in the first questionnaire. These characteristics were scored in the subsequent second round, consisting of 5‐point Likert scales, ranking‐ and multiple choice questions.Statistical TestsThe cut‐off value for consensus and agreement among the majority was ≥75% and ≥60%, respectively, with a median of ≥4 on the Likert scale.ResultsConsensus on specific characteristics mainly concerned the discrimination between WTs and non‐WTs, and WTs and nephrogenic rest(s) (NR)/nephroblastomatosis. The presence of bilateral lesions (75.0%) and NR/nephroblastomatosis (65.0%) were MRI characteristics indicated as specific for the diagnosis of a WT, and 91.3% of the participants agreed that MRI is useful to distinguish NR/nephroblastomatosis from WT. Furthermore, all participants agreed that age influenced their prediction in the discrimination of pediatric renal tumors.Data ConclusionAlthough the discrimination of pediatric renal tumors based on MRI remains challenging, this study identified some specific characteristics for tumor subtypes, based on the shared opinion of experts. These results may guide future validation studies and innovative efforts.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 3
Newly generated and increased bound phenolic in lychee pulp during heat‐pump drying detected by UPLC–ESI‐triple‐TOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Shu Bin , Wang Junmin , Wu Guangxu , Cao Xuejiao , Huang Fei , Dong Lihong , Zhang Ruifen , Liu Hesheng , Su Dongxiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring the thermal processing of fruit, it has been observed for phenolic compounds to either degrade, polymerize, or transfer into macromolecules. In this study, the bound and free phenolic compound composition, content, and phenolic‐related enzyme activity of lychee pulp were investigated to determine whether the free phenolic had converted to bound phenolic during heat‐pump drying (HPD).RESULTSIt was found that after HPD, when compared with the fresh lychee pulp (control), the content of bound phenolics of dried lychee pulp had increased by 62.69%, whereas the content of free phenolics of dried lychee pulp decreased by 22.26%. It was also found that the antioxidant activity of bound phenolics had also increased after drying. With the use of high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, it was identified that (+)‐gallocatechin, protocatechuic aldehyde, isorhamnetin‐3‐O‐rutoside, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid, and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid were newly generated during HPD, when compared with the control sample. After drying, the contents of gallic acid, catechin, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, syringic acid, and quercetin in bound phenolics had also increased, and polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase still showed enzyme activity, which could be related to the conversion of free phenolics to bound phenolics.CONCLUSIONOverall, during the thermal processing of lychee pulp, the free phenolics weres found to be converted into bound phenolics, new substances were generated, and antioxidant activity was increased. Hence, it was concluded that HPD improved the bound phenolics content of lychee pulp, thus providing theoretical support for the lychee processing industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Perioperative score for octogenarian patients eligible for rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Damasceno Arthur Mota , Kesley Rubens , Paolino Bruno Souza , dos Santos do Amaral Marcelo Rubens , Pitombo Marcos Bettini 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesColorectal cancer incidence increases with age; therefore, rectal cancer treatment in elderly patients is increasingly common. Surgery is a common rectal cancer treatment, and the risks involve complicated surgical decisions. There are currently few surgical outcome data for rectal cancer in elderly patients. The aim of this study is to identify new perioperative risk factors that could be associated with higher 30‐ and 180‐day mortality in elderly patients in good clinical condition considering traditional perioperative risk scores and to develop a risk score.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective cohort study was performed by reviewing the medical records of patients from the National Cancer Institute of Brazil aged 80 years or older who electively underwent rectal cancer surgery; several independent variables correlated with death from all causes at 30 and 180 days were studied.ResultsMultivariate analysis found new variables (CEA, albumin and reoperation) that had independent correlations with increased 30‐ and 180‐day mortality. A clinical risk score was developed with survival profiles ranging from 29.3% to 97.2% within 30 days and 2.45% to 91.8% within 180 days.ConclusionsThis score can aid in deciding whether a patient should undergo rectal cancer surgery.
Modelling inbound international tourism demand in Australia: Lessons from the pandemics
Authors: Ghosh Sudeshna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe study explores how international tourism demand in Australia is impacted not only by traditional economic factors but also by uncertainty and risk emanating from pandemics. Using an augmented demand model the paper examines the main determinants of tourism in Australia during the favourable period and what lessons can be drawn to reboot international tourism in the post‐pandemic situation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind, which employs a robust second‐generation panel model to examine the impact of pandemic augmenting economic uncertainty upon the international tourism demand in Australia.
How do locals perceive the touristification of their food market? The case of Barcelona's La Boqueria
Authors: Dimitrovski Darko , Crespi‐Vallbona Montserrat , Ioannides Dimitri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOvertourism has become a major issue of concern in many popular venues, including several cities like Barcelona. In this study, in order to better comprehend reactions towards overtourism, we analyze the perceptions of residents who regularly shop at Barcelona's La Boqueria towards the growing crowds of tourists who visit the same venue. The study aims to acknowledge the evolution over time of locals' aversion or support regarding the touristification of their food market and to determine whether or not overtourism regulations that were implemented by Barcelona's city government had an impact on these attitudes. Thus, we undertook a sequential explanatory mixed‐method approach (beginning with a quantitative approach and ending with a qualitative one) spanning the period 2015 to 2019. First, within the quantitative study, structural equation modeling results suggest that place identity observed through community attachment and resident place image has no direct statistically significant effect on residents' support for tourism development in La Boqueria. However, when mediated by tourism's perceived benefits and costs, these variables were recognized as statistically significant antecedents of support for La Boqueria's touristification. Secondly, we complemented and further elaborated on the quantitative findings through in‐depth interviews with local residents who shop at La Boqueria but also by utilizing available secondary data to reveal if there were any significant changes in locals' perception of touristification, especially following the adoption of the city's overtourism regulations. We conclude that residents' support for tourism development of La Boqueria as a public resource is strongly associated with their perception of place identity (both place image and community attachment) as well as expected benefits and associated costs.
Assessing the income multiplier of trail‐related tourism in a coastal area of Portugal
Authors: Lukoseviciute Goda , Pereira Luís Nobre , Panagopoulos Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRising demand for access to trail networks has encouraged local governments to invest in trail development. This study is the first attempt to estimate the local income multiplier effect of recreational trail tourism, applying an Ad hoc model. The most popular recreational trail in the Algarve region of Portugal was used as a study case to verify the relevance of the Ad hoc model application. The result acknowledges a significant trail‐related contribution to the local economy and rural community development. This study suggests the use of the Ad hoc model to assess the economic impact of local‐scale outdoor‐recreation activities in terms of income generation.
Ovarian Immobility at Transvaginal Ultrasound: An Important Sonographic Marker for Prediction of Need for Pelvic Sidewall Surgery in Women With Suspected Endometriosis
Authors: Rao Tanushree , Condous George , Reid Shannon 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo determine whether ovarian fixation at transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) is a marker for a need for laparoscopic pelvic sidewall surgery (ie, ureterolysis or dissection of adhesions involving the pelvic sidewall). The relationship between ovarian immobility at TVU with respect to endometriosis staging using the revised American Fertility Society (r‐AFS) classification was also evaluated.MethodsRetrospective diagnostic accuracy study was performed in a tertiary referral hospital and two private hospitals. Sixty‐six women with pelvic pain underwent detailed TVU preoperatively followed by laparoscopic endometriosis surgery. TVU ovarian mobility findings (ie, mobile versus fixed ovary) were compared to surgical findings, the need for laparoscopic pelvic sidewall surgery and r‐AFS score (I–IV).ResultsComplete ultrasound and surgical data were available for 66 of 77 (86%) women. Twenty‐six of 66 (40%) had isolated superficial peritoneal endometriosis, 15 of 66 (23%) had ovarian endometrioma (OE), 13 of 66 (20%) had pelvic deep endometriosis (DE). Twenty‐seven of 66 (41%) had ovarian fixation at TVU. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ovarian fixation at TVU for the prediction of need for laparoscopic pelvic sidewall surgery was 71%, 61%, 86%, 85%, and 62%, respectively (P = .0002). Ovarian fixation at TVU was significantly associated with the presence of ipsilateral OE, pouch of Douglas obliteration, pelvic DE nodules, and r‐AFS stage III/IV (moderate/severe) endometriosis (all P‐values <.05).ConclusionsOvarian fixation at TVU appears to be a marker for moderate/severe endometriosis and the need for laparoscopic pelvic sidewall surgery. This sign may be a valuable “red flag” for identifying women at increased risk of requiring an advanced laparoscopic surgeon, and in turn, improve surgical planning.
Kinetics and mechanism of the one‐step, two‐electron oxidation of diaquadichloro(1,10‐phenanthroline)chromium(III) chloride dihydrate by periodate to chromium(V) in aqueous acidic solutions
Authors: Eltahir Sawsan B. , Ali Ismat H. , Sulfab Yousif 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of [CrIIICl2(phen)(H2O)2]Cl⋅2H2O (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) by periodate {I(VII)} have been studied in aqueous acidic solutions. The oxidation product has been isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and ESR as [CrVCl2(phen)(O)]Cl⋅1.5H2O. Under pseudo–first‐order conditions, the reaction showed first‐order dependence on the initial Cr(III) complex concentration. At fixed reaction conditions, the dependence of kobs on [I(VII)] showed saturation kinetics. The rate constant, kobs, increased with increasing pH, indicating that the hydroxo form of the chromium(III) complex is the most reactive species. A plot of kobs([H+] + K1) versus [H+] is linear with an intercept, indicating that the reaction proceeds via two parallel pathways. One pathway is independent of [H+] and the other on [H+]–1. Since water is known to be a very weak bridging ligand, the pathway involving the aqua form of the complex, almost certainly, is bridged to periodate via the chloro ligand of the chromium(III) complex. The thermodynamic parameters of the processes involved are reported. A one‐step two‐electron transfer via an inner‐sphere mechanism has been assigned to the two pathways based on the form of the rate law
Kinetic study on the reaction of p‐tert‐butylbenzoic acid with methanol catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride
Authors: Guo Yuan , Tang Linmao , Xue Weilan , Zeng Zuoxiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of methyl p‐tert‐butylbenzoate using deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a green catalyst was studied in this work. Four DESs were prepared by combining choline chloride (ChCl) and p‐toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA) with different molar ratios (1:1–3). It was found that ChCl‐1.5PTSA with a molar ratio of 1:1.5 was superior to other DESs both in physical properties and catalytic performance. Therefore, it was selected to carry out the kinetic experiments. The effects of stirring speed, temperature, molar ratio of methanol to p‐tert‐butylbenzoic acid, and catalyst loading on the conversion of p‐tert‐butylbenzoic acid were discussed. In addition, the reaction kinetics of p‐tert‐butylbenzoic acid and methanol with ChCl‐1.5PTSA as catalyst was explored in the temperature range of 332.15–349.15 K, and the experimental data were well fitted by pseudo‐homogeneous model. Moreover, the recyclability of ChCl‐1.5PTSA was evaluated. The result shows that the catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction system without any extractant, and the performance of the catalyst remains stable in multiple times recycling. Therefore, ChCl‐1.5PTSA is expected to be an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst for the methyl esterification of p‐tert‐butylbenzoic acid with a bright future in industrial application.
Vestibular‐Evoked Myogenic Potential Outcomes Associated with Pediatric Sports‐Related Concussion
Authors: Rodriguez Amanda I. , Chiao Jonathan , Spencer Gretchen 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo 1) characterize vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential responses in children and young adults with sports‐related concussion (SRC) histories as compared with a normal healthy control group, and 2) correlate VEMP characteristics to SRC/sport history outcomes.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsSeventy‐six children and young adults with and without a history of SRC received cervical and ocular VEMP testing using a 500 Hz tone burst air conduction stimuli. VEMP response parameters (response rates, peak latencies, and peak‐to‐peak amplitudes) were assessed. Other clinical vestibular measures were performed. In the SRC group, sport history outcomes including number of SRC sustained over a lifetime, years of playing contact sports, and length of time playing contact sports were collected via in‐person questionnaire.ResultsChildren and young adults with SRC had significantly reduced oVEMP responses and peak‐to‐peak amplitudes and greater amplitude response asymmetries between left and right ear. There was no effect of group on cVEMP findings. A greater frequency of SRCs sustained throughout a lifetime, a greater number of contact sports played, and a longer duration of playing a contact sport correlated with significantly poorer VEMP response characteristics.ConclusionsOur results suggest that SRC and repeated subclinical head impact events have an effect on oVEMP outcomes. SRC may affect the utricle, superior vestibular nerve, and/or brainstem‐mediated vestibular‐ocular‐reflex pathway. The prevalence of post‐concussion‐related dizziness is becoming increasingly common in a pediatric‐otology clinic, thus performing VEMP testing in youth post‐SRC provides an objective, noninvasive, and cost‐effective method for monitoring the effects of sports‐related impact on the vestibular system and related neural pathways.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:436–442, 2022