bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing a User Friendly Procedural Manual for ST/8 CNC Lathe
Authors: Hotchkiss Anthony , Geldard Bruce 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ability to work with something new is only as good as the instructions provided or the knowledge relayed by experience. This is certainly the case for a CNC lathe that was purchased and installed in 1994 at the State University College at Buffalo. After installation, it was not immediately possible to start the machine and perform machining operations without some difficulty. The ST/8 Rhino Robotics CNC lathe is a small unit that should allow practice in programming in a relatively safe environment, and should not take an exorbitant amount of time to accomplish any minor task. This paper describes a project that produced a user friendly manual that any student can follow and use successfully.
Buckling of Plates by Boundary Elements
Authors: Lin Jauhorng , Duffield Roger C. , Shih Hui-Ru 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This investigation is concerned with the determination of a solution to the onset of instability of elastic plate subjected to non-uniform edge loads and/or displacements using boundary element method. In this study, the in-plane stress distribution was taken to be unknown due to non-uniform external in-plane boundary loading and/or displacements. The fundamental solution which is used to solve plate bending problems was used as the weighting function in the solution to the plate buckling problem. With this approach, the resulting integral equations still retained some domain integral terms which were then converted to boundary integral terms by means of the dual reciprocity method. With the introduction of proper shape functions, the boundary integral equations were transformed into a set of simultaneous algebraic equations expressed in a standard eigenvalue matrix format. A number of examples were studied to obtain the critical load factor and the critical buckling load. Results were then compared with analytical solutions and numerical results obtained by means of the finite element method, to illustrate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed solution procedures for solving plate buckling problems.
Structural Analysis by the Differential Quadrature Method Using Modified Weighting Matrices
Authors: Choi Siu-Tong , Chou Yu-Tuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The differential quadrature method has lately been more and more often used for analysis of engineering problems as an alternative for the finite element method or finite difference method. In this paper, static, dynamic and buckling analyses of structural components are performed by the differential quadrature method. To improve the accuracy of this method, an approach is proposed for selecting the sampling points which include base points and conditional points. The base points are taken as the roots of the Legendre polynomials. Accuracy of the problems analyzed will be increased by using the base points. The conditional points are determined according to boundary conditions and specified conditions of external load. A modified algorithm is proposed for applying two or more boundary conditions in a sampling point at boundary of domain, such that the higher-order partial differential equation can be solved without adding new sampling points.
By applying this approach to variety problems, such as deflections of beam under nonuniformly distributed loading, vibration and buckling analyses of beam and plate, it is found that numerical results of the present approach are more accurate than those obtained by the equally-spaced differential quadrature method and is computationally efficient.
Parameter Identification of Hysteretic Structures
Authors: Zhang H. , Tuan G. , Foliente G. C. , Ma F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on the time-domain identification of parameters of a smooth hysteretic model proposed by Bouc and Wen. Two different identification methods, the Levenberg-Marquardt method and the simplex method, are employed to identify the hysteretic parameters.
Internet-Based Delivery of CAD/CAM Capability: An Industry Case Study
Authors: Szykman Simon , Sriram Ram D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a case study in the use of the Internet as a medium for exchange of information and delivery of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) capability. The case study describes a collaboration among researchers and staff at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and Thar Designs, Inc., a small business in Pittsburgh, PA that designs and sells high-pressure fluid pumps. The objective of this case study is to identify the needs of small businesses in engineering industry in the area of Internet-based CAD/CAM services. The Internet-based interaction performed in this study encompassed various stages in an iterative product development process, consisting of design, data exchange, manufacturability analysis, and fabrication of a prototype.
Telepresence for Distributed Rapid Prototyping: A VRML Approach
Authors: Huegel J. , Ganter M. A. , Storti D. W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In response to economic forces that continue to pressure designers/engineers to speed the product development process and decrease the time required to bring new products to market, designers/engineers are more frequently employing rapid prototyping to test design concepts and stimulate customer feedback in the earlier stages of design. Rapid prototyping (RP) is therefore becoming an integral part of the design and manufacturing process to which designers/engineers desire direct access on a regular basis. However, such access is not currently possible, since prototyping machines have not yet fulfilled the goal of becoming inexpensive and ubiquitous office equipment. This paper presents an extendable process that provides virtual access to manufacturing machines via the Internet. We chose two RP systems to demonstrate our technique. Our approach uses Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) as a standard for transmitting the 3D graphical information necessary for a remote user to interact with a virtual representation of a real prototyping machine. The user thus achieves an effective telepresence in the distributed rapid prototyping environment. Following a brief discussion of related research and the essentials of VRML, we present examples describing the current state of telepresence achievable for two rapid prototyping systems.
Creating and Managing Virtual Menus in Immersive Environments
Authors: Jayaram Uma , Mathrubutham Narayanan , Jayaram Sankar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A 3D menu, also called a virtual menu, is now an accepted method of interaction between the user and the computer in an immersive environment. It adds functionality and allows interactions that are usually difficult to specify through direct interaction. We present the design and methodology of a support system for 3D menu creation and interaction in an immersive environment. Three kinds of virtual menus are supported — a paddle, a static billboard, and a dynamic billboard. These are distinguished by different spatial presentation and interaction paradigms in the virtual environment. The integration of the support system into an immersive environment is presented in the context of engineering applications research at Washington State University. Problems encountered and future planned enhancements are also examined. A clean separation between the virtual menu support system and the application in which the virtual menu will be created and displayed has been maintained.
Automatic Draw Direction Generation for Die Design
Authors: Vijay J. V. K. , Shrinivasa U. , Gurumoorthy B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concept of visibility maps was first used by Woo et al (Woo et al., 1994) to find the draw directions for a die. This paper describes an algorithm that extends this idea by handling free form surfaces, parts requiring multiple draw directions and parts with pockets that have a null visibility map. The algorithm also identifies the core and cavity portions of the die.
Computer-Aided Design for Product De- and Remanufacture
Authors: Harper Brian , Rosen David W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Increasingly, designers are asked to consider additional types of requirements, including the environmental impact of their designs during the product’s lifetime and after its useful life. Two of these types of requirements are investigated in this paper. Demanufacturing is the process of dismantling a product and preparing for the disposal or recycling of components, modules, or materials. Product reuse retains a greater portion its value and often requires remanufacturing, the refurbishment of a product or product modules. Assessments of a product’s ease of de- and remanufacture are often desirable at various stages during the design process. In this paper, requirements for CAD representations to support de- and remanufacture assessments are identified. Information requirements are classified into categories according to the difficulty in extracting the information from assembly-based CAD representations. Information not obtainable from CAD representations is noted. Methods for querying CAD systems to extract significant amounts of this information are presented. These methods have been incorporated into the prototypical CAD system CODA. This work is applied to the design for de- and remanufacture of an automotive instrument cluster. It is shown that feasible disassembly sequences can be generated, ideal parts can be recognized, disassembly times can be reliably estimated, and input can be generated for spreadsheet-based assessment tools.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Blade Profiles for Axial Flow Fans
Authors: Henry Veronique 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An experimental and numerical investigation is presented for blade profiles in axial flow fans. In order to improve the aerodynamic design of the blades, first numerical simulations with a two dimensional cascade oriented code have been performed in the rotor passage of a single-stage axial flow ventilation fan. The optimization design has been performed involving statistics. The influence of four design parameters have been investigated: rate of curvature, leading edge shape, chordwise location of the maximum camber and chordwise location of the maximum thickness. The new profile produced has been tested in wind-tunnel with a well-known C4 profile to validate the expected performance level. Next step has consisted in performing Navier-Stockes computations. Results demonstrate that the use of a coupled viscous-inviscid approach is appropriate for blade design and optimization. The Navier-Stockes code can be seen as a complementary tool as it leads to a complete description of the flow.
An Approach for Symbolic Design Optimization Based on Monotonicity Analysis and Groebner Bases Method
Authors: Li Li , Chen Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An approach for determining the symbolic expression of the optimum solution for the symbolic design optimization (the problem with symbolic coefficients) based on monotonicity analysis and Groebner bases method is presented in this paper. By this approach, the equivalent system of equality constraint equations for the subproblem derived from monotonicity analysis can be solved directly. Criteria for ordering the variables and terms of the equations are developed based on the features of the equations, thus the “triangularized” Groebner Bases for the subproblems, i.e. the symbolic expression of the optimum solution, can be generated rapidly An example is given demonstrating the strategy and efficiency of the approach.
Second-Order Design Sensitivity Analysis of Mechanical System Dynamics by a Mixed Direct Differentiation Adjoint Variable Method
Authors: Urruzola Javier , Jiménez José Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to second order sensitivity analysis of multibody dynamics. Adjoint variables together with direct differentiation are used to derive first- and second-order derivatives of measures of dynamic response with respect to design variables. It is shown that the proposed method can be compared advantageously to the fully adjoint variable method proposed by Haug in terms of simplicity and numerical cost. In order to validate the algorithm, a simple oscillator example proposed by Haug is solved analytically and by the mixed method, with identical results.
Including Life Cycle Considerations in the Design of an Electric Vehicle Space Frame
Authors: Ortega Roberto A. , Bras Bert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Today’s increasing demands placed on vehicles in terms of increased power, reduced emissions, maintenance and energy consumption, and end of life cycle issues related to recycling and disposal have made vehicle life cycle design a very important issue. However, life cycle issues are typically not concurrently addressed during the development stages. In this paper, our interest is in determining vehicle frame design specifications that include technical as well as environmental life cycle considerations. The design of an electric vehicle space frame is used for our study. Technical performance and environmental life cycle considerations are taken into account, represented by the travel distance between charges and an environmental life cycle assessment, respectively. These considerations are mapped into structural and safety issues, which represent the critical vehicle frame design constraints. In order to rapidly explore the design space and perform trade-off studies, response surface models are constructed and used to characterize the physical behavior of the space frame. The purpose of our research is to provide designers with a decision support tool that will enable them to efficiently and effectively include and investigate life cycle considerations early in the design process. This is our primary emphasis in this paper, not so on the results of our example problem, per se.
Robust Design of Product Families for Make-to-Order Systems
Authors: Hernandez Gabriel , Simpson Timothy W. , Allen Janet K. , Bascaran Eduardo , Avila Luis F. , Salinas Fabian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although manufacturing plants dedicated to a single product exist, most plants today make multiple products. The pressure to compete via product variety and customization has served to increase the number of different products produced by a typical plant. The manufacturing systems of complex make-to-order families of products usually face problems associated with the high variability of processing times, supply deliveries and market demand. How can product design improve the performance of the manufacturing system of complex make-to-order products? In this paper we present a method, based on robust design principles and a multi-objective decision model embodied in the Robust Concept Exploration Method, to support concurrent decisions in the early stages of the design of make-to-order families of products. Emphasis is given to adopting standardization, modularity and robustness in product design as key principles to improve the performance of this kind of systems. The design of an absorber-evaporator module for a family of absorption chillers is used as an example to illustrate our approach.
Agent Support for Design of Aircraft Parts
Authors: Jha Krishna N. , Morris Andrea , Mytych Ed , Spering Judith 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Designing aircraft parts requires extensive coordination among multiple distributed design groups. Achieving such a coordination is time-consuming and expensive, but the cost of ignoring or minimizing it is much higher in terms of delayed and inferior quality products. We have built a multi-agent-based system to provide the desired coordination among the design groups, the legacy applications, and other resources during the preliminary design (PD) process. A variety of agents are used to model the various design and control functionalities. The agent-representation includes a formal representation of the task-structures. A web-based user-interface provides high-level interface to the users. The agents collaborate to achieve the design goals.
Solving Topology Optimization Problems Using Wavelet Approximations
Authors: DeRose Giuseppe C. A. , Díaz Alejandro R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A new method to solve topology optimization problems is discussed. This method is based on the use of a Wavelet-Galerkin scheme to solve the elasticity problem associated with each iteration of the topology optimization sequence. Typically, finite element methods are used for this analysis. However, as the mesh size grows, the computational requirements necessary to solve the finite element equations increase beyond the capacity of current desk top computers. This problem is inherent to finite element methods, as the condition number of finite element matrices increases with mesh size. Wavelet-Galerkin techniques are used to replace standard finite element methods in an attempt to alleviate this problem. Examples demonstrating the performance of the new methodology are presented.
Virtual Proving Ground Simulation for Vehicle Design
Authors: Haug Edward J. , Cremer James , Papelis Yiannis , Solis Dario , Ranganthan R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Emerging ground vehicle driving simulation technologies and simulator capabilities are presented, which establish the foundation for a fundamentally new vehicle virtual proving ground suitable for vehicle system and subsystem design. Engineering level of fidelity modeling capabilities, previously used in Computer-Aided Engineering for vehicle design, are extended to real-time simulation with the driver-in-the-loop for highly realistic virtual proving ground simulation. Capabilities of the National Advanced Driving Simulator, being developed by the US Department of Transportation and The University of Iowa are presented, and advanced simulation technologies required for the envisioned virtual proving ground capability are summarized. This paper sets the stage for technical papers presented in a Special Session of the 1998 ASME Design Automation Conference on Virtual Proving Ground Simulation.
A New Method for Modeling of Cutting Tools Associated With Rolling Axodes
Authors: Oancea Nicolae , Oancea Victor G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Most of the existing methods for determining the profiles of cutting tools that work by wrapping are based on the envelope theory which requires cumbersome analytical formulations associated with the solution of equations not always easy to resolve. This work presents a new alternative method for studying conjugated surfaces associated with rolling axodes. The original meshing surfaces are replaced by a family of curves of substitution which gives a simpler interpretation of the envelope theory. The meshing line and the contact points can be easily determined. An equidistant to the tool profile can be simply calculated which can be very useful in the case of machining with cylindrical abrasive disks. Several examples are shown for rack, shaper and rotational cutters.
Geometrical Reasoning for Glue Operation in Non-Manifold Modeling
Authors: Park Sangho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Euler and Boolean operations of non-manifold models provide a versatile environment for modeling domains. The implementation of these operations raises geometrical issues that need to be addressed to ensure the topological validity of the underlying model, and they use the glue operation which provides a basic method to modify the topology of non-manifold models when vertices, edges and faces are contacting each other.
Topological information such as adjacency relationships should be inferred when gluing non-manifold models. Two methods of reasoning can be employed to find the topological information : topological reasoning and geometrical reasoning. The topological method can infer the adjacency relationships by using stored topological information. On the other hand, the geometrical method can find topological ambiguities by considering the geometrical shape at the local area of gluing when the topological relations were not stored. This paper describes the geometrical reasoning method.
Computing Design Rationales by Interpreting Simulations
Authors: Raghavan Anand , Stahovich Thomas F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We describe an approach for automatically computing a class of design rationales. Our focus is computing the purposes of the geometric features on the parts of a device. We first simulate the device with the feature in question removed and compare this to a simulation of the nominal device. The differences in the simulations are indicative of the behaviors that the feature ultimately causes. We then use fundamental principles of mechanics to construct a causal explanation that links the feature to these behaviors. This explanation constitutes one of the rationales for the feature. We have implemented a program that can construct these kinds of causal explanations and have tested it on various examples.
An Infrastructure to Support Closed Loop Product Development Practice Coupled With Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi , Jiang Ping-Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with a methodology to use rapid prototyping and tooling to aid the product development practice. Under the support of the distributive activity scheduling mechanism and the unified product data model, a closed loop is described, which consists of design-phase-oriented requirement analysis of RP/RT applications, multi-criterion decision-making mechanism for selecting the combination of materials, RP method, and RP process chain, process planning for rapid prototyping and tooling, data collections from RP manufacturing, design evaluations based on manufactured prototypes, as well as case-based learning from RP process chain. Here, quality function deployment is used for quality control and assurance of such a design closed cycle. Several such closed loops during product design procedure will make the product go to a optimal solution. In addtion, concurrence and competence issues inside a closed loop design evaluation cycle are also discussed. Finally, a conclusion about this methodology is drawn.
An Automated Assembly Sequence Planing System for Mechanical Parts
Authors: Sarvananthan V. C. , Pandey P. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work provides a software system, which can automatically determine the assembly sequence of a product from its parts, given only a geometric description of the assembly. A simple closed envelope method for product geometry representation, and an efficient matrix method to represent contact and interference relations among the parts were successfully used in this work. The possible sub-assemblies are automatically detected by satisfying some mathematical conditions applicable to these matrices. Possible assembly sequences are generated for each sub-assembly and for the whole product. Furthermore, the algorithms are successfully examined with several industrial products.
Computer Aided Geometric Design of Two-Parameter Freeform Motions
Authors: Ge Q. J. , Sirchia M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper brings together the notion of analytically defined two-parameter motion in Theoretical Kinematics and the notion of freeform surfaces in Computer Aided Geometric Design (CAGD) to develop methods for computer aided design of two-parameter freeform motions. In particular, a rational Bézier representation for two-parameter freeform motions is developed. It has been shown that the trajectory surface of such a motion is a tensor-product rational Bézier surface and that such a kinematically generated surface has a geometric as well as a kinematic control structure. The results have not only theoretical interest in CAGD and kinematics but also applications in CAD/CAM and Robotics.