bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Model to Evaluate the Water Resources of a Natural Protected Area as a Provider of Ecosystem Services in a Mountain Basin in Southern Chile
Authors: Fernández-Alberti Sandra , Abarca-del-Río Rodrigo , Bornhardt Cristian , Ávila Andres 
Published: January 2021

The objective of this work is to validate a model to characterize and evaluate the water resources (supply and downstream demands) of the hydrological basins associated with the Conguillío National Park, located in the Andes Mountains in central-southern Chile (38°14'–38°54'S). This area is part of the Chilean biodiversity hotspot, of the first geopark in Chile, and constitutes the core of the Araucaria biosphere reserve, which provides multiple ecosystem services. To describe the behavior of the water resources in the four main river sub-basins originating in the park, the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) software was used, which was calibrated and validated with local hydrological data from 2000 to 2015. The WEAP System allows to quantify parameters involved in the hydrological cycle and water consumption of the different user sectors, and their interrelationships, to establish the water balance of the basins. Water is supplied by rain and snow, which occurs from June to December upstream in the Andes, and feeds the rivers Cautín, Allipén, Quepe and Lonquimay, which maximum flows occur between June and September, and minimum flows between January and April. The evolution of the water demand during the year was determined for each sub-basin for the following user sectors: human consumption, agriculture, livestock, industry, electricity production, aquaculture and other uses. As expected, the main water consuming sector is agriculture, with an average of 79.4 Mm3/yr. Considering that mountain ecosystems are areas of high productivity value, but are very fragile and vulnerable to anthropic and climatic effects, the use of the obtained data and the calibrated/validated model describing and characterizing these resources, will allow future studies under different socio-economic and climate change scenarios, to assess the importance of mountain basin ecosystem services, providing an example for equivalent studies throughout South America.
Predicting Vertebral Bone Strength Using Finite Element Analysis for Opportunistic Osteoporosis Screening in Routine Multidetector Computed Tomography Scans—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Rayudu Nithin Manohar , Dieckmeyer Michael , Löffler Maximilian T. , Noël Peter B. , Kirschke Jan S. , Baum Thomas , Subburaj Karupppasamy 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of using routine clinical multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans for conducting finite element (FE) analysis to predict vertebral bone strength for opportunistic osteoporosis screening.MethodsRoutine abdominal MDCT with and without intravenous contrast medium (IVCM) of seven subjects (five male; two female; mean age: 71.86 ± 7.40 years) without any bone disease were used. FE analysis was performed on individual vertebrae (T11, T12, L1, and L2) including the posterior elements to investigate the effect of IVCM and slice thickness (1 and 3 mm) on vertebral bone strength. Another subset of data from subjects withvs. without osteoporotic vertebral fractures (n = 9 age and gender-matched pairs) was analyzed for investigating the ability of FE-analysis to differentiate the two cohorts. Bland-Altman plots, box plots, and coefficient of correlation (R2) were calculated to determine the variations in FE-predicted failure loads for different conditions.ResultsThe FE-predicted failure loads obtained from routine MDCT scans were strongly correlated with those from without IVCM (R2 =0.91 for 1mm; R2= 0.92 for 3mm slice thickness, respectively) and different slice thicknesses (R2= 0.93 for 1mmvs. 3mm with IVCM). Furthermore, a good correlation was observed for 3mm slice thickness with IVCMvs. 1mm without IVCM (R2= 0.87). Significant difference between FE-predicted failure loads of healthy and fractured patients was observed (4,705 ± 1,238vs. 4,010 ± 1,297 N; p=0.026).ConclusionRoutine clinical MDCT scans could be reliably used for assessment of fracture risk based on FE analysis and may be beneficial for patients who are at increased risk for osteoporotic fractures.
The Role of Macrophages in Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Pidwill Grace R. , Gibson Josie F. , Cole Joby , Renshaw Stephen A. , Foster Simon J. 
Published: January 2021

Staphylococcus aureusis a member of the human commensal microflora that exists, apparently benignly, at multiple sites on the host. However, as an opportunist pathogen it can also cause a range of serious diseases. This requires an ability to circumvent the innate immune system to establish an infection. Professional phagocytes, primarily macrophages and neutrophils, are key innate immune cells which interact withS. aureus, acting as gatekeepers to contain and resolve infection. Recent studies have highlighted the important roles of macrophages during S. aureus infections, using a wide array of killing mechanisms. In defense, S. aureus has evolved multiple strategies to survive within, manipulate and escape from macrophages, allowing them to not only subvert but also exploit this key element of our immune system. Macrophage-S. aureus interactions are multifaceted and have direct roles in infection outcome. In depth understanding of these host-pathogen interactions may be useful for future therapeutic developments. This review examines macrophage interactions with S. aureusthroughout all stages of infection, with special emphasis on mechanisms that determine infection outcome.
Sonographic Features of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas Are Correlated With mRNA–lncRNA Signatures and Risk of Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Li Jia-wei , Zhou Jin , Shi Zhao-ting , Li Na , Zhou Shi-chong , Chang Cai 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundTo determine a correlation between mRNA and lncRNA signatures, sonographic features, and risk of recurrence in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data from 114 TNBC patients having undergone transcriptome analysis. The risk of tumor recurrence was determined based on the correlation between transcriptome profiles and recurrence-free survival. Ultrasound (US) features were described according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the correlation between US features and risk of recurrence. The predictive value of sonographic features in determining tumor recurrence was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsThree mRNAs (CHRDL1, FCGR1A, and RSAD2) and two lncRNAs (HIF1A-AS2 and AK124454) were correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with TNBC. Among the three mRNAs, two were upregulated (FCGR1A and RSAD2) and one was downregulated (CHRDL1) in TNBCs. LncRNAs HIF1A-AS2 and AK124454 were upregulated in TNBCs. Based on these signatures, an integrated mRNA–lncRNA model was established using Cox regression analysis to determine the risk of tumor recurrence. Benign-like sonographic features, such as regular shape, circumscribed margin, posterior acoustic enhancement, and no calcifications, were associated with HIF1A-AS2 expression and high risk of tumor recurrence (P&lt;0.05). Malignant-like features, such as irregular shape, uncircumscribed margin, no posterior acoustic enhancement, and calcifications, were correlated with CHRDL1 expression and low risk of tumor recurrence (P&lt;0.05).ConclusionsSonographic features and mRNA–lncRNA signatures in TNBCs represent the risk of tumor recurrence. Taken together, US may be a promising technique in determining the prognosis of patients with TNBC.
Only Tumors Angiographically Identified as Hypervascular Exhibit Lower Intraoperative Blood Loss Upon Selective Preoperative Embolization of Spinal Metastases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gong Yining , Wang Changming , Liu Hua , Liu Xiaoguang , Jiang Liang 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe role of preoperative embolization (PE) in reducing intraoperative blood loss (IBL) during surgical treatment of spinal metastases remains controversial.MethodsA systematic search was conducted for retrospective studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the IBL between an embolization group (EG) and non-embolization group (NEG) for spinal metastases. IBL data of both groups were synthesized and analyzed for all tumor types, hypervascular tumor types, and non-hypervascular tumor types.ResultsIn total, 839 patients in 11 studies (one RCT and 10 retrospective studies) were included in the analysis. For all tumor types, the average IBL did not differ significantly between the EG and NEG in the RCT (P = 0.270), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the retrospective studies (P = 0.05, standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.03 to 0.00). For hypervascular tumors determined as such by consensus (n = 542), there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.52, SMD = −0.25, 95% CI: −1.01 to 0.52). For those determined as such using angiographic evidence, the IBL was significantly lower in the EG than in the NEG group, in the RCT (P = 0.041) and in the retrospective studies (P = 0.004, SMD = −0.93, 95% CI: −1.55 to −.30). For IBL of non-hypervascular tumor types, both the retrospective study (P = 0.215) and RCT (P = 0.947) demonstrated no statistically significant differences in IBL between the groups.ConclusionsOnly tumors angiographically identified as hypervascular exhibited lower IBL upon PE in this study. Further exploration of non-invasive methods to identify the vascularity of tumors is warranted.
Detrimental Effects of Chronic L-Arginine Rich Food on Aging Kidney
Authors: Huang Ji , Ladeiras Diogo , Yu Yi , Ming Xiu-Fen , Yang Zhihong 
Published: January 2021

The impaired L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway is a well-recognized mechanism for cardiovascular and renal diseases with aging. Therefore, supplementation of L-arginine is widely proposed to boost health or as adjunct therapy for the patients. However, clinical data, show adverse effects and even enhanced mortality in patients receiving long-term L-arginine supplementation. The effects of long-term L-arginine supplementation on kidney aging and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Moreover, high protein and high amino acid diet has been thought detrimental for kidney. We therefore investigated effects of chronic dietary L-arginine supplementation on kidney aging. In both young (4 months) and old (18–24 months) mice, animals either receive standard chow containing 0.65% L-arginine or diet supplemented with L-arginine to 2.46% for 16 weeks. Inflammation and fibrosis markers and albuminuria are then analyzed. Age-associated increases intnf-α,il-1β,and il-6,vcam-1,icam-1,mcp1,inos, and macrophage infiltration, collagen expression, and S6K1 activation are observed, which is not favorably affected, but rather further enhanced, by L-arginine supplementation. Importantly, L-arginine supplementation further enhances age-associated albuminuria and mortality particularly in females, accompanied by elevated renal arginase-II (Arg-II) levels. The enhanced albuminuria by L-arginine supplementation in aging is not protected in Arg-II−/−mice. In contrast, L-arginine supplementation increases ROS and decreases nitric oxide production in old mouse aortas, which is reduced in Arg-II−/−mice. The results do not support benefits of long-term L-arginine supplementation. It rather accelerates functional decline of kidney and vasculature in aging. Thus, the long-term dietary L-arginine supplementation should be avoided particularly in elderly population.
Cost-Effectiveness of Point-of-Care A1C Tests in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Rosa Lorena de Sousa , Mistro Sóstenes , Oliveira Marcio Galvão , Kochergin Clavdia Nickolaevna , Cortes Mateus Lopes , Medeiros Danielle Souto de , Soares Daniela Arruda , Louzado José Andrade , Silva Kelle Oliveira , Bezerra Vanessa Moraes , Amorim Welma Wildes , Barone Mark , Passos Luiz Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Objective: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the point-of-care A1c (POC-A1c) test device vs. the traditional laboratory dosage in a primary care setting for people living with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods: The Markov model with a 10-year time horizon was based on data from the HealthRise project, in which a group of interventions was implemented to improve diabetes and hypertension control in the primary care network of the urban area of a Brazilian municipality. A POC-A1c device was provided to be used directly in a primary care unit, and for a period of 18 months, 288 patients were included in the point-of-care group, and 1,102 were included in the comparison group. Sensitivity analysis was performed via Monte Carlo simulation and tornado diagram.Results: The results indicated that the POC-A1c device used in the primary care unit was a cost-effective alternative, which improved access to A1c tests and resulted in an increased rate of early control of blood glucose. In the 10-year period, POC-A1c group presented a mean cost of US$10,503.48 per patient and an effectiveness of 0.35 vs. US$9,992.35 and 0.09 for the traditional laboratory test, respectively. The incremental cost was US$511.13 and the incremental effectiveness was 0.26, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 1,947.10. In Monte Carlo simulation, costs and effectiveness ranged between $9,663.20–$10,683.53 and 0.33–0.37 for POC-A1c test group, and $9,288.28–$10,413.99 and 0.08–0.10 for traditional laboratory test group, at 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles. The costs for nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease and the probability of being hospitalized due to diabetes presented the greatest impact on the model’s result.Conclusion: This study showed that using POC-A1c devices in primary care settings is a cost-effective alternative for monitoring glycated hemoglobin A1c as a marker of blood glucose control in people living with type 2 diabetes. According to our model, the use of POC-A1c device in a healthcare unit increased the early control of type 2 diabetes and, consequently, reduced the costs of diabetes-related outcomes, in comparison with a centralized laboratory test.
The Active Ingredients Identification and Antidiarrheal Mechanism Analysis of Plantago asiatica L. Superfine Powder
Authors: Dong Chun-Liu , Qin Yue , Ma Jin-Xin , Cui Wen-Qiang , Chen Xing-Ru , Hou Li-Ya , Chen Xue-Ying , God’spower Bello-Onaghise , Eliphaz Nsabimana , Qin Jun-Jie , Guo Wen-Xin , Ding Wen-Ya , Li Yan-Hua 
Published: January 2021

Plantago asiatica L. is a natural medicinal plant that has been widely used for its various pharmacological effects such as antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing. This study aims to explore the antidiarrheal active ingredients of Plantago asiatica L. that can be used as quality markers to evaluate P. asiatica L. superfine powder (PSP). Molecular docking experiment was performed to identify the effective components of P. asiatica L., which were further evaluated by an established mouse diarrhea model. Na+/K+-ATPase and creatine kinase (CK) activities and the Na+/K+ concentrations were determined. The gene expression of ckb and Atp1b3 was detected. PSP was prepared and evaluated in terms of the tap density and the angle of repose. The structures of PSPs of different sizes were measured by infrared spectra. The active ingredient contents of PSPs were determined by HPLC. The results indicated that the main antidiarrheal components of P. asiatica L. were luteolin and scutellarein that could increase the concentration of Na+ and K+ by upregulating the activity and gene level of CK and Na+/K+-ATPase. In addition, luteolin and scutellarein could also decrease the volume and weight of small intestinal contents to exert antidiarrheal activity. Moreover, as the PSP size decreased from 6.66 to 3.55 μm, the powder tended to be amorphous and homogenized and of good fluidity, the content of active compounds gradually increased, and the main structure of the molecule remained steady. The optimum particle size of PSP with the highest content of active components was 3.55 μm, and the lowest effective dose for antidiarrhea was 2,000 mg/kg. Therefore, the antidiarrheal active ingredients of PSP were identified as luteolin and scutellarein that exert antidiarrheal activity by binding with Na+/K+-ATPase. PSP was successfully prepared and could be used as a new dosage form for the diarrhea treatment.
Ursolic Acid Regulates Cell Cycle and Proliferation in Colon Adenocarcinoma by Suppressing Cyclin B1
Authors: Yang Minhui , Hu Changxiao , Cao Yibo , Liang Wanling , Yang Xiangdong , Xiao Tianbao 
Published: January 2021

Aims: The biological functions of cyclin B1 (CCNB1) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) will be explored in this study. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects and potential molecular mechanisms of ursolic acid (UA) in COAD cells will also be investigated in vitro.Methods: COAD data were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined with differential analysis. The biological functions of CCNB1 were analyzed through the GeneCards, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) databases. Therapeutic effects of UA on COAD cell lines HCT-116 and SW-480 were analyzed by CCK-8 and high-content screening (HCS) imaging assay. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect cell cycle changes of SW-480 and HCT-116 cells. Levels of mRNA and expression proteins of HCT-116, SW-480, and normal colon epithelial cells NCM-460 were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot.Results: CCNB1 was highly expressed and acted as an oncogene in COAD patients. CCNB1 and its interacting genes were significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway. UA effectively inhibited the proliferation and injured COAD cells. In addition, UA arrested cell cycle of COAD cells in S phase. With regard to the molecular mechanisms of UA, we demonstrated that UA can significantly downregulate CCNB1 and its interacting genes and proteins, including CDK1, CDC20, CCND1, and CCNA2, which contributed to cell cycle blocking and COAD treatment.Conclusion: Results from this study revealed that UA possesses therapeutic effects on COAD. The anti-COAD activities of UA are tightly related to suppression of CCNB1 and its interacting targets, which is crucial in abnormal cell cycle process.
PEMANFAATAN METODE WEIGHTED K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION (WEIGHTED KNNI) UNTUK MENGATASI MISSING DATA
Authors: Fadillah Iman Jihad , Puspita Chaterina Dwi 
Published: January 2021

Pada tahun 2020, hampir semua negara di dunia menghadapi wabah COVID-19, termasuk Indonesia. Salah satu dampak yang terjadi karena adanya pandemi COVID-19 adalah terhambatnya kegiatan statistik, seperti tertundanya atau berhentinya pelaksanaan pengumpulan data survei dan sensus serta pengumpulan data lainnya. Sementara itu, untuk memenuhi permintaan dan kebutuhan data selama masa pandemi COVID-19, badan statistik nasional harus tetap melakukan pengumpulan data dan menyediakan data statistik. Oleh sebab itu, badan statistik nasional harus melakukan adaptasi untuk kegiatan proses sensus dan survei yang dilakukan, seperti mencari mode pengumpulan data alternatif, mengurangi ukuran sampel, memodifikasi desain sampel, mengurangi item pertanyaan di kuesioner, atau lainnya. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, adaptasi kegiatan pengumpulan data sensus/survei yang dilakukan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 akan berpengaruh pada kualitas data yang dihasilkan. Salah satunya adanya missing data. Untuk mengatasi masalah missing data, salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah imputasi data. Salah satu jenis metode imputasi berbasis machine learning yang sering digunakan adalah Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor Imputation (Weighted KNNI). Metode Weighted KNNI memiliki akurasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan kedua metode imputasi lainnya (Unweighted KNNI dan Mean Imputation) pada tiap persentase missing data baik akurasi dari sisi RMSE maupun akurasi dari sisi MAPE. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut yang dilihat dari akurasinya, metode Weighted KNNI dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu solusi untuk menangani ketidaklengkapan data pada masa pandemi COVID19 sekarang ini.
PERBANDINGAN METODE SARIMA DAN METODE TRANSFER PADA PRODUKSI PADI DI KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Yulianto Safa'at , Najib Ahmad Jauharudin 
Published: January 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara agraris, artinya pertanian merupakan pemegang peranan penting bagi perekonomian nasional. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik pada tahun 2017 yang menyatakan pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor yang paling berkonstribusi terhadap perekonomian nasional dengan konstribusi sebesar 13,14 persen. Pada sektor pertanian ini padi merupakan komoditas penghasil produksi terbesar dibanding komoditas lainnya dengan produksi sebesar79 juta ton pada tahun 2016. Sebagai negara dengan jumlah penduduk yang besar maka Indonesia menghadapi tantangan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan padi, namun beralih fungsinya lahan pertanian menjadi non pertanian sangat berpengaruh pada hasil produksi tanaman padi, semakin berkurangnya luas lahan maka semakin berkurang pula produksi padi yang dihasilkan. Tidak terkecuali di Kabupaten Kendal yang memiliki daerah agraris dengan komoditas utama yaitu padi, hasil produksi padi di Kabupaten ini cenderung mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2016 dan 2017. Untuk membantu pemerintah dalam menetapkan kebijakan dalam ketersediaan pangan digunakanlah analisis peramalan. Metode yang paling sering digunakan dalam peramalan adalah metode ARIMA. Metode ini sebenarnya sudah cukup baik, tetapi karena produksi padi juga dipengaruhi oleh luas lahan panen maka diusulkan metode fungsi transfer yang dapat memasukkan variabel luas panen ke dalam model peramalan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data produksi padi dan luas panen di Kabupaten Kendal dari bulan Januari 2013 hingga bulan Desember 2017. Hasil pengujian dengan menggunakan metode peramalan fungsi transfer ini menghasilkan model terbaik
KAJIAN INDEKS MODAL MANUSIA DAN PERANANNYA DALAM PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA 2015-2018
Authors: Kesuma M Nata , Astuti Erni Tri 
Published: January 2021

Pada tahun 2018, Grup Bank Dunia mengeluarkan sebuah indeks yakni Indeks Modal Manusia (IMM) yang akan mengukur kontribusi kesehatan dan pendidikan untuk produktivitas generasi pekerja berikutya. Indeks ini diharapkan mampu untuk dapat mempercepat investasi yang lebih baik dan lebih banyak pada modal manusia serta dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Badan Pusat Statistik selaku(BPS) penyelenggara statistik dasar hingga saat ini belum menghitung IMM. Padahal indeks ini dapat dijadikan acuan atau dasar bagi pemerintah dalam membuat kebijakan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang stagnansi yakni 4%-5% dalam kurun waktu 2015-2018. Dalam teori pertumbuhan ekonomi neoklasik terdapat 3 faktor dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi yakni akumulasi modal, pertumbuhan penduduk yang diikuti dengan kualitasnya dan perkembangan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung nilai Indeks Modal Manusia Indonesia dan pengaruhnya bersama PMTB serta didukung oleh pengaruh teknologi dari nilai Indeks Pembangunan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hasilnya pada tahun 2015 hingga 2018 terjadi penurunan nilai Indeks Modal Manusia Indonesia. Sementara, dari model regresi panel diperoleh hasil bahwa pada tingkat signifikansi 5 persen PMTB dan IP-TIK berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Sedangkan IMM tidak dapat menunjukkan pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dari hasil tersebut, diharapkan pemerintah dapat meningkatkan PMTB dan dukungan akan kemajuan teknologi guna mendorong perekonomian.