bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of spreadsheet-based optimization tools applied to construction site layout problem
Authors: Dasović B , Klanšek U 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper compares different spreadsheet-based optimization tools applied to a practical example of a construction site layout problem. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the total time of material transportation by optimal positioning of tower crane and work facilities on the construction site with repetitive operations. Computer programs, such as MS Excel, LibreOffice Calc, and Google Sheets can be applied as modeling tools for a variety of construction optimization problems in addition to their usual functionalities. In this study, LibreOffice Calc Solver, MS Excel Solver, along with other MS Excel add-ins, i.e., OpenSolver, Evolver, and What’sBest, are analyzed. The capabilities of optimization tools mentioned above are examined on the problem of optimal positioning of tower crane and work facilities on the construction site. The results obtained by optimization tools are noted and discussed. The paper ends with conclusions and recommendations for further research.
Removal of organic micropollutants in the biological units of a Swedish wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Burzio C , Nivert E , Mattsson A , Svahn O , Persson F , Modin O , Wilén B M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates the presence and removal of target organic micropollutants in a large Swedish wastewater treatment plant designed for nutrient removal including activated sludge, trickling filters, nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) and post-denitrifying MBBRs. A total of 28 organic micropollutants were analysed, at concentrations ranging from few ng/L to µg/L, in the influent and effluent of the different biological reactors in two sampling campaigns. The observed micropollutant removal efficiencies of the wastewater treatment plant varied from insignificant (< 20%) to high (> 90%) between compounds. The activated sludge reactor, being the first in line, contributed to most of the removal from the water phase. Additional removal of a few compounds was observed in the biofilm units, but most of the persistent compounds remained stable through all biological treatments.
The proposals for intensification of a non-capacity wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Kubínová T , Kyncl M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the possibilities of intensification of mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant with intermittent Flexidiblok type activity with denitrification. This wastewater treatment plant is located in a municipality with more than double of the equivalent population than the capacity of the wastewater treatment plant and therefore does not meet current legislative requirements. Proposals for the intensification of the wastewater treatment plant offer the possibility of reconstructing the existing wastewater treatment plant to the required capacity or rebuilding this wastewater treatment plant to a pumping station. Part of the article is an economic-technological comparison of both proposals.
The effectiveness of SuDS measures in reducing the rainwater runoff from urbanized areas
Authors: Marko I , Wittmanová R , Hrudka J , Stanko Š 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Over the last few years, climate change is one of the most important phenomena in the 21st century. It is bringing significant changes and negatively affecting the environment. This unwanted phenom causes substantial changes in climatic and hydrological characteristics that are manifested mainly in urban agglomerations. It affects extreme weather changes, the occurrence of natural disasters, water shortages, and other phenomena threatening the quality of the environment. On the other hand, there are measures close to nature based on the sustainable development of urbanized areas. Their main goal is to reduce the volume and rate of runoff and the concentration of undesirable substances in rain runoff from urban areas. Therefore, in the research study, we focus on evaluating published studies that have adopted the SuDS practices. We will compare the effectiveness of SuDS measures in capturing flood peak from surface runoff, pollution loads, and their impact on water quality. The result of this study could help select SuDS measures depending on the need to address the problem in the river basin.
Hydrodynamic assessment of object on the sewer network in the city of Trnava
Authors: Šutúš M , Rózsa G , Csóka M , Stanko Š , Škultétyová I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As in most Slovak cities, there is a combined sewer network in the city of Trnava. Therefore, combined sewer overflow (CSO) must be provided on these networks in order to mix rainwater and sewage water. The purpose of these CSO’s is to reduce the amount of rainwater supplied to the treatment plant and to discharge part of the rainwater to the recipient. However, these waters contain various contaminants, including coarse solids, fine suspended solids, and solutes. Due to this, reduced water quality was recorded in the Trnávka recipient. This reduced quality is also due to the increased number of reliefs as prescribed by Government Regulation n.269/2010. The aim of the work is the analysis and selection of unsuitable relief chambers that do not meet the given limits. Hydrodynamic simulations are performed on these chambers, which demonstrate the need to reduce the amount of rainwater or reconstruction of CSO’s.
Life-cycle assessment of a photovoltaic panel: Assessment of energy intensity of production and environmental impacts
Authors: Vácha M , Kodymová J , Lapčík V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A number of articles have already been published on energy recovery from the sun using solar panels and their environmental impacts. However, in this article, we assess the impact of solar panel technology, and use separately obtained data based on the disassembly of a specific photovoltaic panel into discrete parts. The aim of this article is to list all the environmental impacts of this panel per unit of energy produced and at the same time to focus primarily on deciphering the energy intensity of individual phases of the life cycle of photovoltaic panel production. An analytical method of Life-cycle assessment using the environmental software version SimaPro 9.0.049 with an integrated Ecoinvent 3 database was used to determine the environmental impacts. Throughout the work, we focus on the data obtained, which shows that the process of photovoltaic panel production itself is very energy-intensive, especially in the phase of photovoltaic cell production and solar glass production. In other phases, which is the production of individual parts of the photovoltaic panel, its use, and subsequent recycling, they do not contribute so much to the overall energy balance. In the environmental impact assessment, the most affected aspects were human health, followed by climatic change, resources, and the ecosystem quality came last. In all four of the above categories, the influence of the photovoltaic cell production phase was determined to be dominant.
Parasitic Architectural Forms (PAF) S01.E02 “Methodology and Ontology”
Authors: Baroš T , Katunský D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper is to present the chosen methodology for research and thus approach the design process through biomimicry. The described methodology is applied in parasitic architecture research, focusing on developing the experimental design of architectural structure using artificial intelligence and thus approach and support the central hypothesis of the work -the effort to create self-designing and self-growing / developing architecture. Furthermore, the paper outlines the ontology as a model of knowledge, a source of data for the developed software © PAF A.I. and a source of inspiration influencing the final design of the proposed architectural structure. The way in which such an ontological resource is processed for research purposes and how it participates in the final design within the verification and validation of the whole conceptual design is also described. Besides, the paper explains why the ontology in question is essential and what was established as its content.
Biaxial testing of textile material - methodology and instrument assembly procedure
Authors: Freiherrova N , Hornakova M , Juracka D , Stulerova L , Kapolka L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Membrane structures are becoming popular because of the potential usage in structures with higher aesthetic claims. For the roofing of these structures, different textile materials are used. These special materials offer an alternative to conventional roofing materials and allow, besides its lightweightness, also a possibility to roof a difficult floor plan and big span. When designing such a construction, there are some challenges related to the properties of the specific material. In order to exploit the full potential of textile membrane materials, it is necessary to choose an appropriate material model for numerical modelling, which takes into account its nonlinear behaviour. The two most important material characteristics needed for characterizing the behaviour are Young’s modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio. Since the material is orthotropic in most cases, it is necessary to test the material in two directions; therefore, these characteristics need to be obtained from the biaxial test. This contribution is focused on the research of the methodology of biaxial tests and test instrument assembly procedure, which will be used for the following testing of textile materials.
Theoretical Analysis of Structural I-beams Using Various Types of Transparent Wood
Authors: Karla V , Bajzecerová V , Kanócz J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, a numerical analysis of various types of I-beam with web from transparent wood was performed and compared with standard OSB board and glass web. Properties of transparent plywood which have not yet been produced from new kinds of transparent wood samples were calculated using laminate theory. Results of analysis show, that the transparent wood composites prove to be very promising structural material for future use within the load-bearing structures of buildings. The best properties showed the transparent wood composites infiltrated by cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
Study of the properties of chemically resistant repair mortar with the use of secondary raw materials
Authors: Figala P , Drochytka R , Hermann R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the research of a new silicate-based repair mortar modified with selected secondary raw materials. The aim of this work is to develop a chemically resistant material suitable for use in an extremely aggressive environment of sewers. The monitored parameters include key physical-mechanical characteristics, resistance to sulphate ions and to the attack of aggressive biogenic sulfuric acid. Chemical resistance was tested by simulating the exposure environment in laboratory conditions, according to the methodology of DIN 19573. The obtained results show that by suitable modification of the reference mortar it is possible to maintain the values of physical-mechanical characteristics and improve the chemical resistance of test samples.
The use of construction and rubber recycled material for the production of cement composites with thermal insulation function
Authors: Charvát J , Svoboda J , Máčalová K , Chlebková L , Papesch R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of the possible use of construction waste and rubber granulate as a filler substitute for the production of cement composites with thermal insulation properties. It describes the individual components of the materials necessary for the designing of recipes and their properties. The article presents the thermal insulation properties and strength characteristics of the designed recipes of non-traditional cement composite after 7, 14, 28 and 90 days.
Mechanical fracture parameters of concrete drill-core specimens supported by a slenderness ratio study
Authors: Lisztwan D , Kumpova I , Danek P , Frantík P , Kersner Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The detailed analytical and experimental investigation of the fracture behaviour of quasi-brittle materials is an endeavour which has been ongoing worldwide for many years. Such materials are usually characterized in terms of their mechanical fracture parameters, which are determined based on the evaluation of quasi-static fracture experiments. One of the most commonly used building materials with a quasi-brittle response is concrete, which is most often based on a cement matrix. It is sometimes also necessary to characterize concrete included in existing structures. In this case, test specimens are obtained by core drilling, and the investigation is conducted with the requirement to maximize the number of parameters obtained while minimizing the number of test specimens drilled from the structure. This paper focuses on the mechanical fracture parameters of core-drilled specimens taken from a selected concrete structure. Tests were performed on cylindrical specimens with a chevron-notched stress concentrator in the three-point bending configuration in order to determine modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness and fracture energy. Subsequently, theoretical compressive strength was estimated and tests for the determination of compressive strength values were performed focusing on dependence on the slenderness ratio, i.e. the relationship between the compressive strength and the length to diameter ratio of the cylindrical specimens. In relation to the obtained mechanical fracture parameters, selected specimens were analysed and three-dimensionally characterized via high-resolution X-ray computed tomography.
Self-sensing performance of metakaolin geopolymer with carbon nanotubes subjected to repeated compressive loading
Authors: Mizerová C , Rovnaník P , Kusák I , Schmid P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Alkaline activated binders showing enhanced piezoresistive properties have recently attracted increased interest in research of their application in smart self-sensing components. This study is focused on metakaolin geopolymer mortar doped with 0.05 and 0.10% carbon nanotubes, a conductive filler that effectively increases electrical conductivity without considerable deterioration of mechanical properties. Self-sensing performance of composites incorporated with electrodes and attached strain gauge was tested during different regimes of compressive loading cycles with continuous monitoring of strain and resistivity. Although the differences in sensitivity and repeatability were observed, all samples including the reference material have shown good response to applied loading.
Characterization of materials used for earth architecture in Eastern Croatia
Authors: Perić A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Even though earthen architecture is recognized as cultural heritage in Croatia, most of existing buildings are in deteriorated and heavily damaged state. Until today, there has been no conducted research on earthen architecture in Croatia, nor was any preservation act proclaimed. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to learn more about behaviour of traditional earthen architecture to highlight the importance of sustainable building. For that purpose, earthen houses in Eastern Croatia, mainly Slavonia and Baranja area, were studied and in-situ samples were collected. In order to learn about characteristics and composition of mixtures, five samples were tested. Results gathered within this research will be the first step towards creation of national standard for designing rammed earth structures. In scope of future research, authors are planning to use verified recipe in making of walls that will be tested for seismic resistance.
Evaluation of loading methods for determination of material and elastic constants of cement fiber board
Authors: Nespesny O , Pencik J , Vystrcil J , Beckovsky D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cement fiber boards (CFB) are special group that are used in a wide range of structural civil engineering. For the correct design of a cement fibre board structure, it is important to define their material and elastic constants, which are usually determined by destructive tests. The paper deals with a definition of a suitable method of loading for the determination of basic materials and elastic constants of cement fiber boards reinforced with organic fibers loaded in the mid-plane. The publication compares and evaluates load tests by three-point and four-point bend.
Computational modelling of mechanical response of glulam beams due to moisture inducted delamination
Authors: Pełczyński J , Król P A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlued laminated timber beams are nowadays used as load-bearing beams of large-span structures that operate in various humidity conditions. Typical application areas are aqua parks with high humidity as well as market halls with low humidity. It is related to the possibility of the occurrence of cracks typical for the drying of wood, even with such controlled conditions of production technology as glued laminated timber. Cracks visible on the used girders raise doubts as to the safe operation of the structures. The subject of this paper is the computational simulation and the evaluation of the influence of beam delamination on the mechanical response of the structure. The attention was established on a typical two-span beam of constant height with a slight slope to the horizontal. The numerical analysis was carried out for three variants of the location of potential delamination of different scope. The beams were modeled as a problem of the linear theory of elasticity in a plane stress state with orthotropic material properties. The calculations were made in the Abaqus software environment. The results obtained in the paper allow to determine the areas in which the presence of delamination or cracks should be considered dangerous from the point of view of the safety of operation. Computational analysis is helpful in assessing the safety of structures where cracks appear. Theoretical considerations are supplemented by an example from engineering practice.
Modal analysis of a membrane structure with actuators
Authors: Stulerova L , Kapolka L , Kmet S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is the analysis of the modal vibration of the membrane structure. Membranes are defined as structures of the lightweight architecture and they are currently very popular. They have a long history and development, in which they have reached a stage where we can complement them with action elements, also called actuators. These elements can change their length and thus affect a stress state of a membrane, which allows more efficient use. In addition to a static analysis, it is necessary to subject structures to a dynamic analysis, in this case we deal with the natural vibration. This modal analysis deals with the first 5 mode shapes and their dependence on the change in the length of the actuators. This initial calculation will be followed by a forced vibration analysis in the future.
Prepared experimental study for durability verification of FRP reinforced concrete members
Authors: Blaho S , Gajdošová K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Major advantage of fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) is their high strength and low weight to strength ratio. These are also the main reasons for a choice for this material in the process of design of reinforced concrete structures. Since there is no corrosion of FRP, this reinforcement could be strongly recommended for concrete reinforcement in aggressive environment. Till today there is no sufficient knowledge of long-term behaviour of FRP-reinforced concrete structures. Design codes give low utilization capacity of FRP materials and are not supposed to be correct according to the real behaviour in a few experiments of last decades. Reduction factors limit the mechanical properties in the range from 0.95 for CFRP to 0.5 for GFRP. In the paper there is presented a prepared and today realized long-term experimental study based on four point bending test on simply supported concrete beams reinforced with GFRP reinforcement.
Comparison of the effect of GFRP and steel reinforcement in concrete members subjected to compressive stress
Authors: Šenšelová Ž , Borzovič V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Composite materials became more popular and commercially available as reinforcement for concrete elements. Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bar is an excellent thermal and electrical insulator with high tensile strength and low weight. These assumptions make them a possible substitution for steel reinforcement. Moreover, GFRP is not responsible to corrosion for that are suitable for structures with high humidity and unfavorable environment. GFRP is easier to handle due to its low weight. Also, it has electromagnetic neutrality. But it has some disadvantages. It has a low modulus of elasticity and sensitivity to elevated temperatures. Another drawback and uncertainty with designing is the impact of an alkaline environment, which decreases the long-term strength of GFRP bars. This paper describes a pre-experiment study of concrete elements resistance. The analysis is performed for a cross-section of 200x150 mm for a short concrete column with steel and GFRP reinforcement. The study compares P-M diagrams for steel reinforcement and GFRP reinforcement with different reinforcement ratios. Other characteristics such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity must be considered to design the GFRP reinforced concrete element. The study also considers the contribution of GFRP reinforcement in compression. The analysis has shown, the shape of interaction diagrams of steel and GFRP reinforcement are significantly different.
Construction types and typologies of existing masonry arch bridges in Croatia
Authors: Trajber D , Penava D , Rinaudo F , Sarhosis V , Abrahamczyk L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Historical masonry arch bridges still form an important part of Croatian transportation network. There are approximately 680 masonry arch bridges and culverts currently being used for railways and roadways. Many of these bridges are relatively old (more than hundred years in most cases) but still in usage. Increasing vehicle load and speeds as well as deterioration due to anthropogenic and environmental influence have highlighted the need for reliable assessment of their service condition and regular maintenance. The aim of this study is to provide a review of existing masonry arch bridges in Croatia. Firstly, a historical review of bridges is given showing the time period in which they were built, indicating the materials and design principles used for their construction. Next, bridge typologies are presented as well as their detailed analysis of geometric characteristics for brickwork bridges. Finally, a short review of damages and their impact on serviceability of bridges is given. This review presents masonry arch bridges in Croatia and the need for reliable method of assessing their service condition in order to provide proper maintenance, repairing and retrofitting.
Push-out tests of shear dowels
Authors: Vanova P , Dubecky D , Kvocak V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Continuous shear connectors in a shape of dowels are one of the newer shapes of composite steel-concrete bridges. In this article results of push-out tests of such a dowel with geometry designed at Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice are presented and compared to the previous research.