bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Nijmeegse beeldenstorm
Authors: Verstoep J. , Bosman L.Z. 
Published: January 2021

De Nijmeegse beeldenstorm. Beschouwingen bij Hof Amsterdam (OK) 21 juli 2020, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2020:2033
In deze bijdrage bespreken auteurs de beschikking van de OK van 21 juli 2020, waarin zij onmiddellijke voorzieningen en een enquête heeft gelast bij de Stichting Katholieke Universiteit. Ze bespreken bepaalde juridische aspecten van onderhavige beschikking en de wijze waarop de OK die juridische begrippen in dit concrete geval heeft ingevuld.
Afwijken en archipels
Authors: van Oort S.P. 
Published: January 2021

Afwijken en archipels. Afwijkingsbevoegdheden ten behoeve van noodsituaties in de wetgevingspraktijk sinds de motie-Jurgens c.s.
In een hogere regeling wordt niet toegestaan dat daarvan bij lagere regeling wordt afgeweken. Uitzonderingen daarop zijn experimenteerregelgeving en regelingen ten behoeve van noodsituaties. In dit artikel wordt bekeken hoe deze laatste uitzondering is uitgelegd in de wetgevingspraktijk. De conclusie is dat het begrip ‘noodsituaties’ in die uitzondering extensief wordt uitgelegd. In de praktijk zijn voor regelingen ten behoeve van noodsituaties aanvullende criteria ontstaan, waarvan wordt voorgesteld deze in aanwijzing 2.31 te codificeren.
Two new species of Cypricercinae McKenzie, 1971 (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Thailand
Authors: Savatenalinton Sukonthip 
Published: January 2021

Two new species of the subfamily Cypricercinae McKenzie, 1971 are described from the Western part of Thailand: Pseudostrandesia ratchaburiensis sp. nov. and Strandesia prachuapensis sp. nov. Pseudostrandesia ratchaburiensis sp. nov. is mainly characterized by a flange on the antero-ventral part of the left valve (LV), a markedly large β seta on the mandibular (Md) palp, serrated bristles on the third endite of the maxillula (Mx1), a slender caudal ramus (CR) with a long claw Ga (length ca half that of the ramus) and a relatively low number (13) of spiny whorls in the Zenker’s organ. The discovery of both males and females of Pseudostrandesia ratchaburiensis sp. nov. in the present study constitutes the first report of a sexual population in this genus, thereby allowing for a comparison of the male reproductive organs (hemipenis and Zenker’s organ) from a new species with those of other genera of Cypricercinae. Strandesia prachuapensis sp. nov. is most closely related to Strandesia odiosa (Moniez, 1892) and Strandesia flavescens Klie, 1932 as they bear similar anterior flanges on the right valve (RV). The key diagnostic features of the new Strandesia species are a large carapace (ca 1.5 mm), an angulated antero-ventral part of the LV, a weak and small anterior inner list on the LV, an anterior flange on the RV, a markedly small aesthetasc Y on the second antenna, a large β seta on the Md-palp, smooth bristles on the third endite of the Mx1 and a slender CR with a short claw Ga (length ca ⅓ of the ramus). In addition, Pseudostrandesia complexa (Victor &#38; Fernando, 1981) comb. nov. is here proposed.
Clinical relevance assessment of animal preclinical research (RAA) tool: development and explanation
Authors: Gurusamy Kurinchi S. , Moher David , Loizidou Marilena , Ahmed Irfan , Avey Marc T. , Barron Carly C. , Davidson Brian , Dwek Miriam , Gluud Christian , Jell Gavin , Katakam Kiran , Montroy Joshua , McHugh Timothy D. , Osborne Nicola J. , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel , van Laarhoven Kees , Vollert Jan , Lalu Manoj 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundOnly a small proportion of preclinical research (research performed in animal models prior to clinical trials in humans) translates into clinical benefit in humans. Possible reasons for the lack of translation of the results observed in preclinical research into human clinical benefit include the design, conduct, and reporting of preclinical studies. There is currently no formal domain-based assessment of the clinical relevance of preclinical research. To address this issue, we have developed a tool for the assessment of the clinical relevance of preclinical studies, with the intention of assessing the likelihood that therapeutic preclinical findings can be translated into improvement in the management of human diseases.MethodsWe searched the EQUATOR network for guidelines that describe the design, conduct, and reporting of preclinical research. We searched the references of these guidelines to identify further relevant publications and developed a set of domains and signalling questions. We then conducted a modified Delphi-consensus to refine and develop the tool. The Delphi panel members included specialists in evidence-based (preclinical) medicine specialists, methodologists, preclinical animal researchers, a veterinarian, and clinical researchers. A total of 20 Delphi-panel members completed the first round and 17 members from five countries completed all three rounds.ResultsThis tool has eight domains (construct validity, external validity, risk of bias, experimental design and data analysis plan, reproducibility and replicability of methods and results in the same model, research integrity, and research transparency) and a total of 28 signalling questions and provides a framework for researchers, journal editors, grant funders, and regulatory authorities to assess the potential clinical relevance of preclinical animal research.ConclusionWe have developed a tool to assess the clinical relevance of preclinical studies. This tool is currently being piloted.
Three new species of subterranean amphipods (Pseudocrangonyctidae: Pseudocrangonyx) from limestone caves in South Korea
Authors: Lee Chi-Woo , Min Gi-Sik 
Published: January 2021

Pseudocrangonyx Akatsuka & Komai, 1922 is the most diverse group of subterranean amphipods in the groundwater communities of Far East Asia. In Korea, the diversity of the group has been underestimated due to the records of morphological variants of Pseudocrangonyx asiaticus Uéno, 1934. To estimate the species diversity, we analyzed the morphological characteristics and conducted molecular analyses of specimens collected from Korean caves that we treated as morphological variants of P. asiaticus. We described three new subterranean pseudocrangonyctid amphipod species, P. deureunensis sp. nov., P. kwangcheonseonensis sp. nov., and P. hwanseonensis sp. nov., from the groundwater of limestone caves in South Korea. Additionally, we determined sequences of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of the new species for molecular analyses. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the three new species formed a monophylum together with P. joolaei Lee et al., 2020 and P. wonkimi Lee, Tomikawa & Min, 2020, which are species that are endemic to Korean caves.
Lithiophilic Vertical Cactus‐Like Framework Derived from Cu/Zn‐Based Coordination Polymer through In Situ Chemical Etching for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Tiancun , Chen Shuangqiang , Sun Weiwei , Lv Li‐Ping , Du Fei‐Hu , Liu Hao , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDetrimental dendritic lithium (Li) growth, infinite volume expansion of Li deposition and inevitable excess electrolyte consumption have always impeded the successful application of Li metal anodes. Herein, a unique lithiophilic vertical cactus‐like framework (LVCF) derived from a Zn/Cu‐based coordination polymer through in situ chemical etching of Cu foam is proposed to enhance the safety and electrochemical performance of Li metal anodes. An ingenious strategy of releasing Cu ions from Cu foam in the presence of organic ligands is implemented successfully to achieve the coordination polymer precursor, resulting in the coexistence of massive lithiophilic nitrogen‐containing functional groups, ZnO quantum dots and in situ grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the LVCF, which is beneficial to avoiding the generation of harmful Li dendrites. Benefiting from the positive effects of the improved lithiophilicity, decreased local current density and relieved volume expansion, LVCF delivers an ultrastable Coulombic efficiency of 98.6% for 600 cycles at 1 mA cm–2 and an improved cycling lifespan of 1800 h for symmetric cells. Full cells comprising LVCF@Li anodes and LiFePO4 cathodes can deliver an ultrahigh capacity of 101.8 mAh g–1 (capacity retention ratio: 77.9%) after 900 cycles at 1 C and excellent rate performance.
Engineering the Lymphatic Network: A Solution to Lymphedema
Authors: Jia Wenkai , Hitchcock‐Szilagyi Hannah , He Weilue , Goldman Jeremy , Zhao Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSecondary lymphedema is a life‐long disorder characterized by chronic tissue swelling and inflammation that obstruct interstitial fluid circulation and immune cell trafficking. Regenerating lymphatic vasculatures using various strategies represents a promising treatment for lymphedema. Growth factor injection and gene delivery have been developed to stimulate lymphangiogenesis and augment interstitial fluid resorption. Using bioengineered materials as growth factor delivery vehicles allows for a more precisely targeted lymphangiogenic activation within the injured site. The implantation of prevascularized lymphatic tissue also promotes in situ lymphatic capillary network formation. The engineering of larger scale lymphatic tissues, including lymphatic collecting vessels and lymph nodes constructed by bioengineered scaffolds or decellularized animal tissues, offers alternatives to reconnecting damaged lymphatic vessels and restoring lymph circulation. These approaches provide lymphatic vascular grafting materials to reimpose lymphatic continuity across the site of injury, without creating secondary injuries at donor sites. The present work reviews molecular mechanisms mediating lymphatic system development, approaches to promoting lymphatic network regeneration, and strategies for engineering lymphatic tissues, including lymphatic capillaries, collecting vessels, and nodes. Challenges of advanced translational applications are also discussed.
Atomic‐Level Charge Separation Strategies in Semiconductor‐Based Photocatalysts
Authors: Chen Fang , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Tierui , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSemiconductor‐based photocatalysis as a productive technology furnishes a prospective solution to environmental and renewable energy issues, but its efficiency greatly relies on the effective bulk and surface separation of photoexcited charge carriers. Exploitation of atomic‐level strategies allows in‐depth understanding on the related mechanisms and enables bottom‐up precise design of photocatalysts, significantly enhancing photocatalytic activity. Herein, the advances on atomic‐level charge separation strategies toward developing robust photocatalysts are highlighted, elucidating the fundamentals of charge separation and transfer processes and advanced probing techniques. The atomic‐level bulk charge separation strategies, embodied by regulation of charge movement pathway and migration dynamic, boil down to shortening the charge diffusion distance to the atomic‐scale, establishing atomic‐level charge transfer channels, and enhancing the charge separation driving force. Meanwhile, regulating the in‐plane surface structure and spatial surface structure are summarized as atomic‐level surface charge separation strategies. Moreover, collaborative strategies for simultaneous manipulation of bulk and surface photocharges are also introduced. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects for fabrication of state‐of‐the‐art photocatalysts are discussed on the basis of a thorough comprehension of atomic‐level charge separation strategies.
Mechanically Matched Silicone Brain Implants Reduce Brain Foreign Body Response
Authors: Zhang Edward N. , Clément Jean‐Pierre , Alameri Alia , Ng Andy , Kennedy Timothy E. , Juncker David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBrain implants are increasingly used to treat neurological disorders and diseases. However, the brain foreign body response (FBR) elicited by implants affects neuroelectrical transduction and long‐term reliability limiting their clinical adoption. The mismatch in Young's modulus between silicon implants (≈180 GPa) and brain tissue (≈1–30 kPa) exacerbates the FBR, resulting in the development of flexible implants from polymers such as polyimide (≈1.5–2.5 GPa). However, a stiffness mismatch of at least two orders of magnitude remains. The study introduces 1) the first mechanically matched brain implant (MMBI) made from silicone (≈20 kPa); 2) new microfabrication methods; and 3) a novel dissolvable sugar shuttle to reliably implant MMBIs. MMBIs are fabricated via vacuum‐assisted molding using sacrificial sugar molds and are then encased in sugar shuttles that dissolved within 2 min after insertion into rat brains. Sections of rat neocortex implanted with MMBIs, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) implants, and silicon implants are analyzed by immunohistochemistry 3 and 9 weeks post‐implantation. MMBIs result in significantly higher neuronal density and lower FBR within 50 µm of the tissue‐implant interface compared to PDMS and silicon implants, suggesting that materials mechanically matched to brain further minimize the FBR and can contribute to better implant functionality and long‐term reliability.
Electrospun Adsorptive Nanofibrous Membranes from Ion Exchange Polymers to Snare Textile Dyes from Wastewater
Authors: Cseri Levente , Topuz Fuat , Abdulhamid Mahmoud A. , Alammar Abdulaziz , Budd Peter M. , Szekely Gyorgy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasing discharges of industrial wastewater, along with ever‐stricter regulations for the protection of natural water sources, have amplified the demand for highly efficient water treatment technologies. Here, electrospun nanofibrous polyimides enhanced with ion exchange properties are proposed as adsorptive membranes for the treatment of dye‐loaded textile wastewater. With the careful selection of monomers, carboxyl‐functionalized porous polyimides are synthesized in a single step and then further decorated with strong cation and anion exchange side groups. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis are used to investigate the alkylation degree and total exchange capacity of the polymers. The electrospinning conditions are optimized to produce highly flexible membrane mats with a uniform nanofibrous structure. A series of dye sorption experiments on the nanofibrous membranes reveals the adsorption kinetics and the effects of the polyimide backbone, the charged side groups, and the hydrophilicity. A recycling study is conducted to confirm the stability of the adsorbent membranes. The results suggest that nanofibrous polyimide membranes enhanced with ion exchange properties are promising candidates for the treatment of dye‐laden wastewater. Owing to their facile syntheses and unique properties, these membranes show promising potential in environmental applications.
Natural Jute Fibre‐Based Supercapacitors and Sensors for Eco‐Friendly Energy Autonomous Systems
Authors: Manjakkal Libu , Franco Fabiane Fantinelli , Pullanchiyodan Abhilash , González‐Jiménez Mario , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly energy devices and systems are of increasing interest for the circular economy and sustainable information and communications technology. To this end, an energy‐autonomous system comprised of natural jute fiber‐based supercapacitor (SC) and sensors (temperature and humidity) is presented. This material is coated with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/single‐walled carbon nanotubes as the electrode and cellulose‐based material as a separator. Further, a newly prepared hydroxyethyl cellulose‐potassium chloride based gel is used as the electrolyte. The observed capacitance is nearly twice the value reported for similar SCs. The energy and power densities of the presented SC are 0.712 μWh cm−1 and 3.85 µW cm−1, respectively at a capacitance of 8.65 mF cm−1 and an applied current of 0.1 mA. The fabricated temperature sensor shows a relative change in response of 0.23% °C−1 from 24 to 35 °C and the humidity sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 1.5 Ω/%RH (relative change of 0.20%) up to 50%RH. Developed using sustainable and biocompatible materials, the presented SC can power the jute‐fiber based sensors, thus demonstrating an attractive eco‐friendly solution for applications such as wearables, grain sacks, and bags.
Self‐Healing of Broken Bonds and Deep Gap States in Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3
Authors: McKenna Keith Patrick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBroken bonds introduced at extended defects in covalently‐bonded semiconductors generally introduce deep electronic states within the gap, negatively impacting performance for applications in electronics, photochemistry, and optoelectronics. Here, it is shown that Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3, which show exceptional promise for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical applications, exhibit a remarkable ability to self‐heal broken bonds through structural reconstructions, thereby eliminating the associated deep electronic states. Unusually, these materials appear intrinsically resilient to the formation of dangling bonds at extended defects, which should be advantageous for a wide range of applications. This novel behavior is connected with particular structural and chemical features of Sb2Se3 and Sb2S3, and a number of other materials that may be expected to exhibit similar effects are identified.
Social relationships among captive male pygmy slow lorises (Nycticebus pygmaeus): Is forming male same‐sex pairs a feasible management strategy?
Authors: Yamanashi Yumi , Nemoto Kei , Alejandro Josue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the social behavior of pygmy slow lorises, in particular, the social relationships of same‐sex individuals have rarely been investigated. The Slow Loris Conservation Center was built at the Japan Monkey Center to enhance the welfare of confiscated slow lorises, promote their conservation, improve public education, and perform scientific research on the species. In the course of improving housing conditions, several same‐sex pairs of pygmy slow lorises were formed. We monitored their behaviors and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) levels to understand whether male same‐sex pairings could be a feasible management strategy. The subjects were 10 male and 6 female lorises for comparison, all of whom were over 5 years old. We successfully formed five pairs of male lorises after eight formation attempts. Male pairs initially showed some aggressive behaviors; however, the rate decreased approximately 10 days after introduction. All of the male pairs eventually exhibited extensive affiliative social behaviors, including allogrooming and social play, during the dark (active) phase, and sleep site sharing during the light (inactive) phase. The rate of sleep site sharing during the light phase was higher than expected, suggesting that the pairs preferred to stay near each other. There was no evidence of increased stress after a long period of male–male social housing. Female same‐sex pairs and male–female pairs demonstrated a high level of affiliative behaviors right after the introduction. These results highlight the flexibility and high sociability of this species and indicate that such same‐sex pairings are a feasible option for their social management.
Regio‐Regular Polymer Acceptors Enabled by Determined Fluorination on End Groups for All‐Polymer Solar Cells with 15.2 % Efficiency
Authors: Yu Han , Pan Mingao , Sun Rui , Agunawela Indunil , Zhang Jianquan , Li Yuhao , Qi Zhenyu , Han Han , Zou Xinhui , Zhou Wentao , Chen Shangshang , Lai Joshua Yuk Lin , Luo Siwei , Luo Zhenghui , Zhao Dahui , Lu Xinhui , Ade Harald , Huang Fei , Min Jie , Yan He 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolymerization sites of small molecule acceptors (SMAs) play vital roles in determining device performance of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Different from our recent work about fluoro‐ and bromo‐ co‐modified end group of IC‐FBr (a mixture of IC‐FBr1 and IC‐FBr2), in this paper, we synthesized and purified two regiospecific fluoro‐ and bromo‐ substituted end groups (IC‐FBr‐o & IC‐FBr‐m), which were then employed to construct two regio‐regular polymer acceptors named PYF‐T‐o and PYF‐T‐m, respectively. In comparison with its isomeric counterparts named PYF‐T‐m with different conjugated coupling sites, PYF‐T‐o exhibits stronger and bathochromic absorption to achieve better photon harvesting. Meanwhile, PYF‐T‐o adopts more ordered inter‐chain packing and suitable phase separation after blending with the donor polymer PM6, which resulted in suppressed charge recombination and efficient charge transport. Strikingly, we observed a dramatic performance difference between the two isomeric polymer acceptors PYF‐T‐o and PYF‐T‐m. While devices based on PM6:PYF‐T‐o can yield power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2 %, devices based on PM6:PYF‐T‐m only show poor efficiencies of 1.4 %. This work demonstrates the success of configuration‐unique fluorinated end groups in designing high‐performance regular polymer acceptors, which provides guidelines towards developing all‐PSCs with better efficiencies.
Promoting the Furan Ring‐Opening Reaction to Access New Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts with Hexafluoroisopropanol
Authors: Clerc Michèle , Stricker Friedrich , Ulrich Sebastian , Sroda Miranda , Bruns Nico , Boesel Luciano F. , Read de Alaniz Javier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDonor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are visible‐light‐responsive photoswitches with a variety of emerging applications in photoresponsive materials. Their two‐step modular synthesis, centered on the nucleophilic ring opening of an activated furan, makes DASAs readily accessible. However, the use of less reactive donors or acceptors renders the process slow and low yielding, which has limited their development. We demonstrate here that 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) promotes the ring‐opening reaction and stabilizes the open isomer, allowing greatly reduced reaction times and increased yields for known derivatives. In addition, it provides access to previously unattainable DASA‐based photoswitches and DASA–polymer conjugates. The role of HFIP and the photochromic properties of a set of new DASAs is probed using a combination of 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The use of sterically hindered, electron‐poor amines enabled the dark equilibrium to be decoupled from closed‐isomer half‐lives for the first time.
Synthesis of N‐alkylated pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine analogs and evaluation of acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibition properties
Authors: Aydin Busra O. , Anil Derya , Demir Yeliz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFused pyrimidines, especially pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines, are among the most preferred building blocks for pharmacology studies, as they exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity. In this study, new derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine were synthesized by alkylation of the N1 nitrogen atom. We synthesized 3‐iodo‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amine 2 from commercially available aminopyrazolopyrimidine 1 using N‐iodosuccinimide as an iodinating agent. The synthesis of compound 2 started with nucleophilic substitution of 3‐iodo‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amine with R–X (X: –OMs, –Br, –Cl), affording N‐alkylated pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine. We performed this synthesis using a weak inorganic base and the mild temperature was also used for a two‐step procedure to generate N‐alkylated pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives. Also, all compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I and II, with Ki values in the range of 15.41 ± 1.39–63.03 ± 10.68 nM for AChE, 17.68 ± 1.92–66.27 ± 5.43 nM for hCA I, and 8.41 ± 2.03–28.60 ± 7.32 nM for hCA II. Notably, compound 10 was the most selective and potent CA I inhibitor with a significant selectivity ratio of 26.90.