bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MODERN APPROACHES TO TEACHING TELECOMMUNICATIONS DISCIPLINES
Authors: Kravchuk Serhii 
Published: December 2021

Background. The directions and methods of training telecommunications personnel are constantly evolving in accordance with the growing volume of information exchange in society. Telecommunications as a display of the means and methods of information transmission have come a long way from purely radio engineering systems to heterogeneous systems with a complex network infrastructure and intelligent methods of information processing. Accordingly, the approaches to the training of telecommunications personnel are also changing. If in the early 80s preference in training was given to radio technologies, now it is network and software technologies.
Objective. The purpose of this work is to present the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of the educational process in standard and mixed modes, structuring subjects in accordance with the requirements of the modern labor market.
Methods. The unpredictable deep essence and uncertainty of the information space of the professions for which higher education prepares students today leads to a change in the teaching paradigm. Methods and structuring of building the learning process with obtaining the maximum effect of the student's readiness for their practical activities are investigated.
Results. Possible ways of implementation of new requirements for personnel training for the new paradigm of the unified industry "Information Technologies and Telecom" are presented; the main directions of the formation of the general structure of training of telecommunications personnel on the example of the educational program "Engineering and programming of infocommunications"; recommendations for the organization of the educational process in full-time and remote modes. It is shown that with the correct organization of the educational process, blended learning can improve the quality of learning, especially in the context of reducing the hours of "classroom lessons" by transferring part of the educational process to the online environment.
Conclusions. University graduates constitute the potential foundation of today's specialist market. Nevertheless, the problem of their professional adaptation, at the moment, remains relevant. Therefore, the paper proposes to solve this problem using the presented multilateral approach.
Queering Environmental Justice: Unequal Environmental Health Burden on the LGBTQ+ Community
Authors: Goldsmith Leo , Bell Michelle L. 
Published: December 2021

The LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/-sexual, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual, and all subsects) population has been the target of federal and state discriminatory policies leading to high levels of institutional discrimination in the housing, employment, and health sectors. Social determinants of health such as housing conditions, economic opportunities, and access to health care may negatively and disproportionately affect the LGBTQ+ population and reduce their capacity to respond to environmental harm (e.g., obtaining necessary medical care). Social determinants of health have been shown to be associated with unequal harmful environmental exposure, primarily along lines of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. However, chronic diseases, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, associated with environmental exposure have been shown to occur in higher rates in the LGBTQ+ population than in the cisgender, heterosexual population. We explore how environmental exposures may disproportionately affect the LGBTQ+ population through examples of environmental exposures, health risks that have been linked to environmental exposures, and social institutions that could affect resilience to environmental stressors for this population. We provide recommendations for policymakers, public health officials, and researchers. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):79–87. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306406 )
Racial/Ethnic and Age Differences in the Direct and Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on US Mortality
Authors: Zalla Lauren C. , Mulholland Grace E. , Filiatreau Lindsey M. , Edwards Jessie K. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives. To estimate the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall, race/ethnicity‒specific, and age-specific mortality in 2020 in the United States. Methods. Using surveillance data, we modeled expected mortality, compared it to observed mortality, and estimated the share of “excess” mortality that was indirectly attributable to the pandemic versus directly attributed to COVID-19. We present absolute risks and proportions of total pandemic-related mortality, stratified by race/ethnicity and age. Results. We observed 16.6 excess deaths per 10 000 US population in 2020; 84% were directly attributed to COVID-19. The indirect effects of the pandemic accounted for 16% of excess mortality, with proportions as low as 0% among adults aged 85 years and older and more than 60% among those aged 15 to 44 years. Indirect causes accounted for a higher proportion of excess mortality among racially minoritized groups (e.g., 32% among Black Americans and 23% among Native Americans) compared with White Americans (11%). Conclusions. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and health disparities are underestimated when only deaths directly attributed to COVID-19 are considered. An equitable public health response to the pandemic should also consider its indirect effects on mortality. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):154–164. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306541 )
Cold Weather and Cardiac Arrest in 4 Seasons: Helsinki, Finland, 1997‒2018
Authors: Ryti Niilo R. I. , Nurmi Jouni , Salo Ari , Antikainen Harri , Kuisma Markku , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives. To test the a priori hypothesis that out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with cold weather during all seasons, not only during the winter. Methods. We applied a case‒crossover design to all cases of nontraumatic OHCA in Helsinki, Finland, over 22 years: 1997 to 2018. We statistically defined cold weather for each case and season, and applied conditional logistic regression with 2 complementary models a priori according to the season of death. Results. There was an association between cold weather and OHCA during all seasons, not only during the winter. Each additional cold day increased the odds of OHCA by 7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4%, 10%), with similar strength of association during the autumn (6%; 95% CI = 0%, 12%), winter (6%; 95% CI = 1%, 12%), spring (8%; 95% CI = 2%, 14%), and summer (7%; 95% CI = 0%, 15%). Conclusions. Cold weather, defined according to season, increased the odds of OHCA during all seasons in similar quantity. Public Health Implications. Early warning systems and cold weather plans focus implicitly on the winter season. This may lead to incomplete measures in reducing excess mortality related to cold weather. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):107–115. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306549 )
Deviation in the Age Structure of Mortality as an Indicator of COVID-19 Pandemic Severity
Authors: Chandra Siddharth , Chandra Madhur 
Published: December 2021

Objectives. To test whether distortions in the age distribution of deaths can track pandemic activity. Methods. We compared weekly distributions of all-cause deaths by age during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States from March to December 2020 with corresponding prepandemic weekly baseline distributions derived from data for 2015 to 2019. We measured distortions via Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) and χ2 goodness-of-fit statistics as well as deaths among individuals aged 65 years or older as a percentage of total deaths (PERC65+). We computed bivariate correlations between these measures and the number of recorded COVID-19 deaths for the corresponding weeks. Results. Elevated COVID-19-associated fatalities were accompanied by greater distortions in the age structure of mortality. Distortions in the age distribution of weekly US COVID-19 deaths in 2020 relative to earlier years were highly correlated with COVID fatalities (K-S: r = 0.71, P < .001; χ2: r = 0.90, P < .001; PERC65+: r = 0.85, P < .001). Conclusions. A population-representative sample of age-at-death data can serve as a useful means of pandemic activity surveillance when precise cause-of-death data are incomplete, inaccurate, or unavailable, as is often the case in low-resource environments. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):165–168. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306567 )
Split Transfer of Tibialis Posterior Tendon After Failed Tibialis Anterior Transfer for Recurrent Bilateral Clubfeet
Authors: Megremis Panos K. , Megremis Orestis P. 
Published: December 2021

Case:
We describe the split transfer of tibialis posterior tendon to the tendon stump of tibialis anterior and distal end of peroneus brevis after a failed transfer of tibialis anterior to the lateral aspect of the foot for recurrent bilateral clubfeet at the age of 5 years. The purpose of this surgical technique was to restore the dynamic balance of foot inversion-eversion, during the gait cycle, by augmenting the muscular strength of peroneus brevis and tibialis anterior. The results of the 4-year follow-up were very encouraging.

Conclusion:
We recommend this technique for a failed tendon transfer of the tibialis anterior for recurrent clubfeet.
Removal of a Broken Stainless-Steel Intramedullary Lengthening Stryde Nail
Authors: Abalkhail Talal B. , McClure Philip K. 
Published: December 2021

Case:
We report a 15-year-old female patient who underwent femur lengthening with a stainless steel intramedullary lengthening Stryde nail that broke at the end of the lengthening course and required removal. Given the solid noncannulated nature of the nail, this required special strategy to remove broken parts.

Conclusion:
Stryde nails are stainless steel lengthening nails that were developed to allow more freedom with weight bearing. Regardless of this change, hardware failure remains possible. In addition to maintaining regenerate integrity, a surgeon must be creative when attempting to remove solid nail types because many techniques for removing failed hardware were developed for cannulated devices.
A comprehensive BIAPSS platform for the physicochemical featurization of phase separating proteins
Authors: Uversky Vladimir , Badaczewska-Dawid Aleksandra , Potoyan Davit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biological macromolecules has emerged as a foundational mechanism underlying the formation of a myriad of membraneless organelles (MLOs), such as stress granules, transcription factor condensates, and chromatin compartments. A molecular grammar of sequences, which would enable a quantitative prediction and understanding of protein phase separation from first principles is currently missing. A major challenge in the field is the sparsity of bioinformatics data and the lack of computational, data-driven tools for biophysical and statistical analysis of proteins capable of phase separation. Here we present the utility of web applications framed within a novel open-source platform for BioInformatic Analysis of liquid-liquid Phase-Separating protein Sequences, https://biapss.chem.iastate.edu/. BIAPSS combines high-throughput interactive data analytics of physicochemical and evolutionary features with a comprehensive repository of bioinformatic data for on-the-fly research of the sequence-dependent properties of proteins with known LLPS behavior. To facilitate exploration of the services and provide the interpretation guideline, we present two attention-getting case studies of FUS and hnRNPDL. This should help the LLPS community uncover the nature of interactions driving the formation of membraneless organelles.
Racial and Geographical Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Mississippi, 2003-2018
Authors: McKay Sasha , Meliker Jaymie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate racial and geographical disparities of colorectal cancer incidence in Mississippi. Methods: Incidence data from 2003-2018 were obtained at the county-level from the Mississippi Cancer Registry. Incidence rate difference and 95% confidence intervals between age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence for whites and blacks were calculated and mapped using ArcGIS. Results: The black incidence rate for colorectal cancer was 59.8 per 100,000 while the white incidence rate was 48.9 per 100,000. Blacks experienced significantly higher incidence rates than whites in 39 counties throughout much of Mississippi. These areas of higher racial disparities did not cluster in a specific region of the state. In the southern part of the state an 8-county cold-spot region was detected without racial disparities; incidence rate for blacks was 41.3 per 100,000 in this region. Conclusions: There are racial disparities throughout Mississippi except for an 8-county region towards the southern part of the state. Additional research should be conducted to identify what factors are responsible for the lower incidence rates among blacks in this region, and to implement effective interventions statewide to reduce racial disparities in colorectal cancer incidence.
Predictors of Underweight among Children Under-five in Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Gebremedhin , Mamuye Natnael , Kulandairaj Martin Sagayam , Bitew Denekew , Mekonnen Bezarede , Mazro Roy Rillera , Enbeyle Wegayehu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
9013 under-five children were included for study. Descriptive Statistics and POM were employed identify socio-economic, demographic, and proximate factors of underweight to children among regions of Ethiopia. SAS version 9.4 was used. About 25.3% of children in Ethiopia were underweighted. POM showed that sex, residence, size at birth, age group, incidence of diarrhea, educational level, breastfeeding status, mothers’ employment status, and birth order were found to be significant factors of underweight. Improvement of education for caring child in appropriate age needed. Personal hygiene be improved to prevent exposures to diarrhea and environmental sanitation.
Long-Range White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Drug-Naive Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study
Authors: Zhou Ronghui , Dong Peng , Chen Shuangli , Qian Andan , Tao Jiejie , Zheng Xiangwu , Cheng Jingliang , Yang Chuang , Huang Xiaoqi , Wang Meihao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Microstructural changes might underlie white matter (WM) pathology in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate WM alterations, particularly the changes in long-range fibers, in drug-naive children with ADHD, we conducted tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.
Materials and Methods
In this study, 57 children with ADHD and 41 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. None of the enrolled ADHD children received any medication before data collection. The difference in fractional anisotropy (FA), and in mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) between both groups were calculated using TBSS. WM changes were then correlated with clinical symptoms, including the hyperactivity index score and the impulsivity score.
Results
Whole-skeleton analysis identified several long-range fibers of decreased FA and increased RD in the ADHD group as compared to the HC group. ADHD children demonstrated decreased FA in the right corpus callosum (CC) splenium, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and intersection of the anterior and posterior internal capsule. Moreover, higher RD was observed in the right CC splenium, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and posterior corona radiata. No regions of increased FA or reduced RD were observed, and no differences in MD or AD were noted.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that microstructural WM alterations and changes in the long-range WM connections are present in children with ADHD. We speculate that these changes may relate to the symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Thermal and Mechanical Analyses of Dry Clutch Disk made of Functionally Graded Material.
Authors: Ali Ibrahim Ahmed Ibrahim , Asiri Saeed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative utility of Functionally Graded Aluminum Matrix Composite (FGAMC) with Silicon Carbide as a friction material in clutches since having an acceptable friction coefficient and high wear resistance. FGAMC’s properties were calculated using rule-of-mixture and power law, represented by layered geometry. FGAMC’s behavior is examined considering statics, dynamics, thermal and wear. Analyses were done using Finite Element method, by ANSYS. Results are discussed by comparing FGAMC’s clutch to Aluminum matrix composite with 20% of Silicon Carbide clutch and E-glass clutch. Clutches design based on the common size and working conditions of clutches in mid-size and heavy automobiles. Most analyses revels FGAMC’s clutch has higher strain than AMC’s clutch with less deformation in thickness direction and less stresses. FGAMC’s clutch has higher mass leading to lower first natural frequency but with low resulted deformations. Transient analyses showed 10 times fewer maximum deformations for FGAMC’s clutch than AMC and E-glass with lower strains and higher stress but in much less area for FGAMC’s clutch. Wear which indicates working life of a clutch, have been studied using Archard Wear Equation in ANSYS, FGAMC’s clutch has 10 times lower wear with much less affected area compared to AMC and E-glass. Thermal analysis results of the three clutches are close to each other with 0.07 watts between FGAMC’s and AMC’s clutches, and 0.03 watts between FGAMC’s and E-Glass’s clutches.
Experimental and Theoretical Study For Removal of Trimethoprim (TMP) From Wastewater Using Organically Modified Silica With Pyrazole-3-Carbaldehyde Bridged To Copper Ions
Authors: Jodeh Shehdeh , Jaber Ahlam , Hanbali Ghadir , Massad Younes , Safi Zaki S. , Radi Smaail , Mehmeti Valbon , Berisha Avni , Tighadouini Said , Dagdag Omar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHuman and veterinary antibiotics are typically discharged as parent chemicals in urine or feces and are known to be released into the environment via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Several research investigations have recently been conducted on the removal and bioremediation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) disposed in wastewater. ResultsSiNP-Cu, a chelating matrix, was produced by delaying and slowing 1.5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde on silica gel from functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The prepared sorbent material was characterized using several techniques including BET surface area, FT-IR spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best correlation due to the big match between the experimental and theoretical of different adsorption coefficients. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used and the study showed better match with Fruendlich model. The removal capacity was depending on pH and increased by increasing pH The adsorbent demonstrated a high percentage removal of TMP, reaching more than 94 %. The sample was simply regenerated by soaking it for a few minutes in 1N HCl and drying it. The sorbent was repeated five times with no discernible decrease in removal capacity. Thermodynamic study also showed endothermic, increasing randomness and not spontaneous in nature. The findings of the DFT B3LYP/6-31+g (d,p) local reactivity descriptors revealed that nitrogen atoms and p-electrons of the benzene and pyrimidine rings in the TMP are responsible for the adsorption process with the SiNP surface. The negative values of the adsorption energies obtained by molecular dynamic simulation indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. ConclusionThe global reactivity indics prove that TMP is stable and it can be removed from wastewater using SiNP surface. The results of the local reactivity indices concluded that the active centers for the adsorption process are the nitrogen atoms and the p-electrons of the pyrimidine and benzene rings. Furthermore, the positive value of the maximum charge transfer number (DN) proves that TMP has a great tendency to donate electrons to SiNP surface during the process of adsorption.
Psychometric Properties of The 26-Item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26): An Application of Rasch Analysis
Authors: Papini Natalie M. , Jung Myungjin , Cook Amanda , Lopez Nanette V , Ptomey Lauren T , Herrmann Stephen D , Kang Minsoo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is a commonly used tool to assess eating disorder risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the EAT-26 with a sample of adults (n=469; age=36.17±17.83 years; female =72.5%; white=66.3%; obese BMI category=58%).Methods: Rasch analysis of the EAT-26 assessed model-data fit, an item-person map to evaluate relative distribution items and persons, item difficulty, and person’s eating disorder (ED) risk level, differential item functioning (DIF), and rating scale functioning. Results: A total of 7 misfit items were removed from the final analysis due to unacceptable Infit and Outfit mean square residual values. The item-person map showed that the items were biased toward participants with moderate to high levels of ED risk and did not cover those who had low risk for having an ED (< -1 logits). The DIF analyses results showed that none of the items functioned differently across sex, but 5 items were flagged based on obesity status. The six-category Likert-type rating scale did not function well indicating a different response format may be needed.Conclusion: Several concerns were identified with the psychometric evaluation of the EAT-26 that may question its utility in assessing ED risk. Because the EAT-26 is a frequently used screening tool for nonclinical populations, future work should focus on developing screening tools that are more effective at assessing ED risk in people with overweight and obesity.