bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Long-Term Impact of the Electorate on the Swiss Electricity Market Transition
Authors: Klein Raphael , Finger Matthias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Swiss government, through its Energy Strategy 2050, is engaged on a path to transition Switzerland to become a carbon-neutral country by the year 2050. In this chapter, we look at the impact that the electorate can have on this transition and on the Swiss electricity market. This is done using hybrid agent-based modelling. We model the Swiss electricity market and we add to this a model of the policy-making process. This allows us to study which policy instruments are more likely to be implemented depending on the Swiss electricity market progression and on the policy actors’ interests. The results have shown that the electorate has a limited impact on the policy chosen and on the electricity market. Overall, an environmentally conscious electorate leads policy actors to select the carbon tax as a policy more often. This, however, has the adverse effect to increase the electricity price and increase import dependency in winter. In high demand growth scenarios, the carbon tax policy is not sufficient to stem the construction of gas turbine power plants. We also show that because the electricity model does not consider an extended demand response option or technology advancement, the knowledge gained from this model is limited. This drives the behaviour of the model into scenarios which are unlikely to happen, such as a large increase of the gas turbine power plants. Overall, we conclude that, in their current form, even with an environmentally conscious electorate, the electricity market conditions do not allow Switzerland to reach its emissions targets.
Imperial Aetiologies: Violence, Sleeping Sickness, and the Colonial Encounter
Authors: Taylor-Pirie Emilie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this chapter Taylor-Pirie examines how one particular tropical disease—sleeping sickness—was conceptualised as a form of tropical violence across a range of medical and nonmedical genres. Using the repetition of an African curse ‘owa na ntolo’ as an access point, she reveals how sensational literary depictions of sleeping sickness circulated between newspaper reports and clinical case studies, augmenting debates about racial susceptibility. Depictions of African sleeping sickness, she argues, were filtered through an emotional register that produced new aetiologies of race and illness visible in Henry Seton Merriman’s hugely popular imperial romance novel With Edged Tools (1894), as well as in medical essays and tropical travel guides. The melodramatic mode and a flexible approach to representations of disease transmission produced Africa as a place productive of illness and immorality in equal measure. Ultimately, she demonstrates how Britain’s encounters with tropical disease—fictional and nonfictional—were used to map not only the epidemiological but also the sociocultural topographies of empire.
Grundlagen und Anwendungen von KI
Authors: Humm Bernhard G. , Buxmann Peter , Schmidt Jan C. 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist die Fähigkeit von Computersystemen, Aufgaben auszuführen, die normalerweise menschliche Intelligenz erfordern. Im Laufe der KI-Geschichte haben sich zwei Hauptströmungen von KI-Verfahren herausgebildet: Wissensbasierte KI und Machine Learning. Beide Strömungen haben Vor- und Nachteile. Hybride Verfahren kombinieren beide Strömungen, damit sie sich gegenseitig ergänzen können. Anwendungen von KI finden sich in nahezu allen Lebensbereichen. Im Umfeld der Forschung stellen wir beispielhaft KI-Anwendungen von drei Wissenschaftsdomänen vor: Physik, Klimaforschung und Medizin. KI zeigt sich darin als ein mächtiges Werkzeug, welches die Wissensarbeit verändert und das Potenzial hat, neue Möglichkeiten in der Forschung zu eröffnen.
Promotion of Kreweras words
Authors: Hopkins Sam , Rubey Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKreweras words are words consisting of n$$\mathrm {A}$$
A
’s, n$$\mathrm {B}$$
B
’s, and n$$\mathrm {C}$$
C
’s in which every prefix has at least as many $$\mathrm {A}$$
A
’s as $$\mathrm {B}$$
B
’s and at least as many $$\mathrm {A}$$
A
’s as $$\mathrm {C}$$
C
’s. Equivalently, a Kreweras word is a linear extension of the poset $$\mathsf{V}\times [n]$$

V
×
[
n
]

. Kreweras words were introduced in 1965 by Kreweras, who gave a remarkable product formula for their enumeration. Subsequently they became a fundamental example in the theory of lattice walks in the quarter plane. We study Schützenberger’s promotion operator on the set of Kreweras words. In particular, we show that 3n applications of promotion on a Kreweras word merely swaps the $$\mathrm {B}$$
B
’s and $$\mathrm {C}$$
C
’s. Doing so, we provide the first answer to a question of Stanley from 2009, asking for posets with ‘good’ behavior under promotion, other than the four families of shapes classified by Haiman in 1992. We also uncover a strikingly simple description of Kreweras words in terms of Kuperberg’s $$\mathfrak {sl}_3$$

sl
3

-webs, and Postnikov’s trip permutation associated with any plabic graph. In this description, Schützenberger’s promotion corresponds to rotation of the web.
Teletherapie nach Cochleaimplantation in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Völter Christiane , Stöckmann Carolin , Klein Hannah , Dazert Stefan , Thomas Jan Peter 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen hat unter der COVID-19-Pandemie rasant zugenommen. Bislang fand Hörtraining nach Cochleaimplantation meist Face-to-Face statt, doch die Kontaktvermeidung erschwert diesen Therapieansatz.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt 42 erwachsene Cochleaimplantat(CI)-Träger im Alter von 53,8 (±15,6) erhielten 1×/Woche über 5 Wochen Videotherapie im Rahmen der Folgetherapie nach Cochleaimplantation. Nach jeder Therapieeinheit erfolgte eine Dokumentation hinsichtlich des Ablaufs und der Therapieinhalte. Nach Studienende wurden neben einer Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse das Konzept und die Benutzerfreundlichkeit anhand der System Usability Scale (SUS) und eines eigenen Abschlussfragebogens zur Videotherapie sowie die Therapeuten-Patienten-Beziehung mit der Skala Therapeutische Allianz – Revised (STA-R) sowohl von Patienten als auch von Therapeuten bewertet.

Ergebnisse
Gleichermaßen hoch schätzten beide Usergruppen die Benutzerfreundlichkeit ein (87,9 vs. 93,0). Trotz des fehlenden persönlichen Kontakts wurde die therapeutische Allianz sehr positiv angesehen (87,8 % vs. 84,8 %). Die therapeutischen Bedürfnisse der Patienten konnten in 47,6 % vollständig durch die Videotherapie abgedeckt werden. Der größte Vorteil für die Patienten lag in der Zeit- und Kostenersparnis. Für die Rehabilitationseinrichtung entstanden zunächst mehr Kosten aufgrund einer längeren Therapievorbereitung. Auch traten in > 75 % der ersten Therapieeinheiten technische Probleme auf. Langfristig war die Durchführung der Therapie hierdurch nicht beeinträchtigt.

Schlussfolgerung
Videogestütztes Hörtraining wird als nützlich beurteilt und auch zukünftig gewünscht. Ob die positiv erlebte therapeutische Allianz auch über einen längeren Therapiezeitraum aufrechtzuerhalten sein wird und wie effektiv Videotherapie ist, bedarf weiterer Studien.
Influence of Probiotics Administration Before Liver Resection in Patients with Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Roussel Edouard , Brasse‐Lagnel Carole , Tuech Jean‐Jacques , Montialoux Helène , Papet Eloise , Tortajada Pauline , Bekri Soumeya , Schwarz Lilian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBy inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and modulating the local intestinal immune system, probiotics may reduce bacterial translocation and systemic endotoxaemia, factors partially responsible for post‐operative complications following liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsPatients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma developed in the setting of chronic liver disease were prospectively divided into two equal‐sized groups: one receiving probiotic treatment 14 days prior to surgery and the other receiving placebo. The primary endpoint was the level of circulating endotoxins after hepatectomy. Secondary endpoints were systemic inflammation (inflammatory cytokine levels), post‐operative liver function and overall post‐operative complication rate.ResultsFrom May 2013 to December 2018, 64 patients were randomized, and 54 patients were included in the analysis, 27 in each arm. No significant change in endotoxin levels was observed over time in either group (P = 0.299). No difference between the groups in terms of post‐operative liver function and overall complication rates was observed. The only differences observed were significant increases in the levels of TNFalpha (P = 0.019) and interleukin 1‐b (P = 0.028) in the probiotic group in the post‐operative period.ConclusionContrary to the modest data reported in the literature, the administration of probiotics before minor liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma developed in the setting of compensated chronic liver disease does not seem to have an impact on circulating endotoxin levels or post‐operative complication rates.Trial registrationTrial registration: NCT02021253.
A prospective study on inter-operator variability in semi-robotic software-based MRI/TRUS-fusion targeted prostate biopsies
Authors: Derigs Fabian , Doryumu Samuel , Tollens Fabian , Nörenberg Dominik , Neuberger Manuel , von Hardenberg Jost , Michel Maurice Stephan , Ritter Manuel , Westhoff Niklas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/ultrasound-fusion prostate biopsy (FB) comprises multiple steps each of which can cause alterations in targeted biopsy (TB) accuracy leading to false-negative results. The aim was to assess the inter-operator variability of software-based fusion TB by targeting the same MRI-lesions by different urologists.

Methods
In this prospective study, 142 patients eligible for analysis underwent software-based FB. TB of all lesions (n = 172) were carried out by two different urologists per patient (n = 31 urologists). We analyzed the number of mismatches [overall prostate cancer (PCa), clinically significant PCa (csPCa) and non-significant PCa (nsPCa)] between both performed TB per patient. In addition we evaluated factors contributing to inter-operator variability by uni- and multivariable analyses.

Results
In 11.6% of all MRI-lesions (10.6% of all patients) there was a mismatch between TB1 and TB2 in terms of overall prostate cancer (PCa detection. Regarding csPCa, patient-based mismatch occurred in 14.8% (n = 21). Overall PCa and csPCa detection rate of TB1 and TB2 did not differ significantly on a per-patient and per-lesion level.
Analyses revealed a smaller lesion size as predictive for mismatches (OR 9.19, 95% CI 2.02–41.83, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Reproducibility and precision of targeting particularly small lesions is still limited although using software-based FB. Further improvements in image-fusion, segmentation, needle-guidance, and automatization are necessary.
Tree-ring oxygen isotopes record a decrease in Amazon dry season rainfall over the past 40 years
Authors: Cintra Bruno B. L. , Gloor Manuel , Boom Arnoud , Schöngart Jochen , Baker Jessica C. A. , Cruz Francisco W. , Clerici Santiago , Brienen Roel J. W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtant climate observations suggest the dry season over large parts of the Amazon Basin has become longer and drier over recent decades. However, such possible intensification of the Amazon dry season and its underlying causes are still a matter of debate. Here we used oxygen isotope ratios in tree rings (δ18OTR) from six floodplain trees from the western Amazon to assess changes in past climate. Our analysis shows that δ18OTR of these trees is negatively related to inter-annual variability of precipitation during the dry season over large parts of the Amazon Basin, consistent with a Rayleigh rainout model. Furthermore δ18OTR increases by approximately 2‰ over the last four decades (~ 1970–2014) providing evidence of an Amazon drying trend independent from satellite and in situ rainfall observations. Using a Rayleigh rainout framework, we estimate basin-wide dry season rainfall to have decreased by up to 30%. The δ18OTR record further suggests such drying trend may not be unprecedented over the past 80 years. Analysis of δ18OTR with sea surface temperatures indicates a strong role of a warming Tropical North Atlantic Ocean in driving this long-term increase in δ18OTR and decrease in dry season rainfall.
Prevalence of ‘pouch failure’ of the ileoanal pouch in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alsafi Zaid , Snell Alice , Segal Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and aims
The ileoanal pouch (IPAA) provides patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) that have not responded to medical therapy an option to retain bowel continuity and defecate without the need for a long-term stoma. Despite good functional outcomes, some pouches fail, requiring permanent diversion, pouchectomy, or a redo pouch. The incidence of pouch failure ranges between 2 and 15% in the literature. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to define the prevalence of pouch failure in patients with UC who have undergone IPAA using population-based studies.

Methods
We searched Embase, Embase classic and PubMed from 1978 to 31st of May 2021 to identify cross-sectional studies that reported the prevalence of pouch failure in adults (≥ 18 years of age) who underwent IPAA for UC.

Results
Twenty-six studies comprising 23,389 patients were analysed. With < 5 years of follow-up, the prevalence of pouch failure was 5% (95%CI 3–10%). With ≥ 5 but < 10 years of follow-up, the prevalence was 5% (95%CI 4–7%). This increased to 9% (95%CI 7–16%) with ≥ 10 years of follow-up. The overall prevalence of pouch failure was 6% (95%CI 5–8%).

Conclusions
The overall prevalence of pouch failure in patients over the age of 18 who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy in UC is 6%. These data are important for counselling patients considering this operation. Importantly, for those patients with UC being considered for a pouch, their disease course has often resulted in both physical and psychological morbidity and hence providing accurate expectations for these patients is vital.
Plasma boron concentrations in the general population: a cross-sectional analysis of cardio-metabolic and dietary correlates
Authors: Weber Katharina S. , Ratjen Ilka , Enderle Janna , Seidel Ulrike , Rimbach Gerald , Lieb Wolfgang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Experimental evidence suggests positive effects of boron on health and metabolism, but human data are still scarce. We aimed to identify dietary and cardio-metabolic correlates of plasma boron concentrations in the general population.

Methods
In a community-based sample (n = 899, 57% men, mean age 61 years), plasma boron (median [IQR]: 33.80 µg/L [25.61; 44.65]) concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Overall (PDI), healthy (hPDI), and unhealthy (uPDI) plant-based diet indices were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Reduced rank regression (RRR) yielded a dietary pattern explaining 30% of the variation of circulating boron. Cross-sectional associations of dietary indices and cardio-metabolic traits with plasma boron concentrations were assessed using multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis.

Results
The RRR pattern was characterized by high intake of fruits, nuts/seeds, tea, wine and low intake of e.g. bread, poultry, processed meat, chocolate/sweets, and soft drinks. 10-point increments in PDI, hPDI, and uPDI were associated with 8.7% (95% CI: 4.2; 13.4), 10.4% (95% CI: 6.6; 14.3), and −8.8% (95% CI: −12.1; −5.4) change in plasma boron concentrations, respectively. Age and phosphate were directly, while BMI, plasma lipid concentrations, and CRP were inversely associated with circulating boron. Plasma boron concentrations were higher in summer vs. winter, in individuals taking vs. not taking antihypertensive medication, and in individuals with high or medium vs. low education level.

Conclusion
Higher plasma boron concentrations appeared to associate with a healthier diet, were related to lower BMI and a more favorable cardio-metabolic risk profile, and showed seasonal variations.
Mathematical modeling and estimation for next wave of COVID-19 in Poland
Authors: Arti M. K. , Wilinski Antoni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the problem of mathematical modeling of new corona virus (COVID-19) in Poland and tries to predict the upcoming wave. A Gaussian mixture model is proposed to characterize the COVID-19 disease and to predict a new / future wave of COVID-19. This prediction is very much needed to prepare for medical setup and continue with the upcoming program. Specifically, data related to the new confirmed cases of COVID-19 per day are considered, and then we attempt to predict the data and statistical activity. A close match between actual data and analytical data by using the Gaussian mixture model shows that it is a suitable model to present new cases of COVID-19. In addition, it is thought that there are N waves of COVID-19 and that information for each future wave is also present in current and previous waves as well. Using this concept, predictions of a future wave can be made.
Korrelation petrophysikalischer und geomechanischer Parameter von Gesteinen des Erzberges
Authors: Gegenhuber Nina , Krüger Melanie , Seidl David 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Korrelation von geophysikalischen/petrophysikalischen Parametern mit geotechnischen bietet für die Planung und Erstellung von Untertageinfrastrukturen und Geothermie sowie Erdöl Projekten einen großen Mehrwert. Gerade der interdisziplinäre Ansatz von Geologie, Mineralogie, Geophysik und Geotechnik kann in der Zukunft bei Herausforderungen der Zeit helfen und ist damit unumgänglich. Gezeigt werden hier Daten von Proben des Erzberges (Kalzitschiefer, Kalkmarmor und Phyllite). Ein Fokus bei den Messungen und Korrelationen wurde dabei auf die Anisotropie gelegt, die häufig vernachlässigt wird, aber von großer Auswirkung sein kann. Daten umfassen zum einen petrophysikalische Messungen, wie Porosität, Dichte und Kompressions- sowie Scherwellengeschwindigkeiten und zum anderen geotechnische, wie Abrasivitäten, statischen E‑Modul und Druckfestigkeit. Zusätzlich wurden mineralogische Analysen durchgeführt, um die Zusammensetzung der Gesteine für eine Interpretation miteinfließen zu lassen. Gezeigt wird ein Teil der Daten und erste Korrelationen zwischen den Parametern. Die ersten Ergebnisse zeigen positive Trends. Für weitere detaillierte Aussagen müssen noch größerer Datenmengen gemessen werden.
Prevalence of sleep disturbance and the association between poor disease control in people with ankylosing spondylitis within the Australian clinical setting (ASLEEP study): a real-world observational study using the OPAL dataset
Authors: Tymms Kathleen , Butcher Belinda E. , Sletten Tracey L. , Smith Tegan , O’Sullivan Catherine , Littlejohn Geoffrey , Sadler Ricky , Tronnberg Rebecca , Griffiths Hedley ,   on behalf of the OPAL consortium
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Sleep disturbance and fatigue are commonly reported in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) but specific prevalence and the relationship to disease control are unknown.

Method
This retrospective non-interventional observational study of data from the OPAL dataset included patients with AS (ICD code M45, M45.0 or M08.1), aged 18 to 95 years and had completed ≥ 1 sleep questionnaire between 1 January 2019 and 30 September 2020. The prevalence of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Multivariate Apnoea Prediction Index (MAPI), respectively. Propensity score (PS) matching based on sex, age and symptom duration increased comparability between patients administered tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) and interleukin 17A inhibitors (IL-17Ai).

Results
Four hundred ninety-five patients were included. The mean ISI total score in the overall population was 8.6 ± 6.2. Self-reported moderate or severe clinical insomnia was present in 16% and 3.2% of patients, respectively. The mean MAPI score was 0.4 ± 0.3, self-reported apnoea was identified in 31.5% of patients and the mean FACIT-Fatigue score was 36.1 ± 10.7. In the PS matched population, the only treatment-related difference was the mean MAPI score (IL-17Ai 0.4 ± 0.3 and TNFi 0.3 ± 0.2, p = 0.046). Those with poor disease control (BASDAI ≥ 4) were more likely (odds ratio [OR] 7.29, 95% CI 2.37 to 22.46, p = 0.001) to have a greater severity of insomnia symptoms than those with good disease control.

Conclusion
In this real-world AS cohort, poor disease control was associated with sleep disturbance. Little difference in sleep disturbance was observed between biologic TNFi and IL-17Ai treatment.

Key Points

• Sleep disturbance and fatigue are common in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.• In our real-world cohort, self-reported apnoea was reported in one-third of patients; and one in five patients reported moderate to severe insomnia.• Those with poor disease control were more likely to experience greater sleep disturbance than those with good disease control.
The faded stripes of Bengal: a historical perspective on the easternmost distribution of the striped hyena
Authors: Akash Muntasir , Dheer Arjun , Dloniak Stephanie M. , Jacobson Andrew P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is an understudied large carnivore with no known historic range map. Knowledge of the past and present extent of its easternmost distribution beyond 85° east longitude is dubious. Through a comprehensive review of historical evidence and contemporary records, we investigated striped hyena presence in Bengal, i.e., Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal in South Asia. We found 14 historical records, with the oldest one dating to 1876. Our review establishes Bangladesh as a former striped hyena range country and the striped hyena as one of the first large carnivores to go extinct in Bangladesh. We identified northern Bangladesh as part of its historical range (until ~1965), and south-central Bangladesh as a possible part of its historical range. In West Bengal, India, hyenas were historically present up to the southern tributaries of the Brahmaputra River, but the present range is reduced. The area south of the Damodar River is its last refuge in Bengal. We also found 15 contemporary records (2010–2021) in Bengal, from sites situated on the eastern limit of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. These records noted 25 sightings including 9 deaths due to poaching, train accidents, and retaliatory killings. Our review demonstrates that hyenas are currently present up to 87° east longitude, which extends the currently documented easternmost range for the species by almost 1,000 km. We recommend methods which can be applied to delineate the historical extent of striped hyenas elsewhere as well as for other poorly understood species.