bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rs429358 Locus in Apolipoprotein E Is Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Innes Hamish , Nischalke Hans Dieter , Guha Indra Neil , Weiss Karl Heinz , Irving Will , Gotthardt Daniel , Barnes Eleanor , Fischer Janett , Ansari M. Azim , Rosendahl Jonas , Lin Shang‐Kuan , Marot Astrid , Pedergnana Vincent , Casper Markus , Benselin Jennifer , Lammert Frank , McLauchlan John , Lutz Philip L. , Hamill Victoria , Mueller Sebastian , Morling Joanne R. , Semmler Georg , Eyer Florian , von Felden Johann , Link Alexander , Vogel Arndt , Marquardt Jens U. , Sulk Stefan , Trebicka Jonel , Valenti Luca , Datz Christian , Reiberger Thomas , Schafmayer Clemens , Berg Thomas , Deltenre Pierre , Hampe Jochen , Stickel Felix , Buch Stephan 
Published: December 2021

The host genetic background for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is incompletely understood. We aimed to determine if four germline genetic polymorphisms, rs429358 in apolipoprotein E (APOE), rs2642438 in mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 1 (MARC1), rs2792751 in glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM), and rs187429064 in transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), previously associated with progressive alcohol‐related and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are also associated with HCC. Four HCC case‐control data sets were constructed, including two mixed etiology data sets (UK Biobank and FinnGen); one hepatitis C virus (HCV) cohort (STOP‐HCV), and one alcohol‐related HCC cohort (Dresden HCC). The frequency of each variant was compared between HCC cases and cirrhosis controls (i.e., patients with cirrhosis without HCC). Population controls were also considered. Odds ratios (ORs) associations were calculated using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, and principal components of genetic ancestry. Fixed‐effect meta‐analysis was used to determine the pooled effect size across all data sets. Across four case‐control data sets, 2,070 HCC cases, 4,121 cirrhosis controls, and 525,779 population controls were included. The rs429358:C allele (APOE) was significantly less frequent in HCC cases versus cirrhosis controls (OR, 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61‐0.84; P = 2.9 × 10−5). Rs187429064:G (TM6SF2) was significantly more common in HCC cases versus cirrhosis controls and exhibited the strongest effect size (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.45‐2.86; P = 3.1 × 10−6). In contrast, rs2792751:T (GPAM) was not associated with HCC (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.90‐1.13; P = 0.89), whereas rs2642438:A (MARC1) narrowly missed statistical significance (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84‐1.00; P = 0.043). Conclusion: This study associates carriage of rs429358:C (APOE) with a reduced risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Conversely, carriage of rs187429064:G in TM6SF2 is associated with an increased risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis.
Heat transfer past rotationally oscillating circular cylinder heated with time‐periodic pulsating temperature in a uniform flow
Authors: Ray Rajendra K. , Haty Amarjit , Kumar Atendra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe transient forced convection heat transfer from an impulsively started rotationally oscillating circular cylinder, heated with time‐periodic pulsating temperature in a two‐dimensional uniform, laminar and viscous flow of Newtonian, incompressible, constant property fluid is investigated in this paper. The two‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes and energy equations are solved using a higher‐order compact (HOC) finite difference scheme on non‐uniform polar grids. Computational code for solving the problem is written in C programming language and is validated against existing research works. The flow and heat transfer characteristics are mainly influenced by the amplitude of time‐periodic pulsating temperature (), period of time‐periodic pulsating temperature (), Prandtl number (), Reynolds number (), and cylinder oscillation parameters i.e. maximum rotational rate (), frequency ratio (). The numerical computations are done for the range of parameter values , , , , and . The backward heat transfer is observed for certain values of the amplitude of time‐periodic pulsating temperature and the amount of backward heat transfer enhances with increasing amplitude of temperature. High period value () of pulsating temperature is found to reduce the amount of heat convection downstream. The influence of pulsating temperature is discussed for an increase or decrease in heat transfer rate relative to the constant cylinder‐temperature case.
Tuning the quasi‐harmonic treatment of crystalline ionic liquids within the density functional theory
Authors: Červinka Ctirad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFive ionic liquids are selected for benchmarking the performance of quasi‐harmonic density functional theory (DFT) calculations of structural, phonon, and thermodynamic properties of their crystals. Data predicted by individual computational setups are sorted, establishing a distinct hierarchy among the first‐principles approaches. PBE‐D3 and B3LYP‐D3 functionals are coupled with various plane wave and Gaussian‐type orbital (GTO) basis sets. Propagation of the basis set superposition error and of the imperfections of both functionals into finite‐temperature properties is discussed in detail. PBE‐D3 together with a triple‐zeta GTO basis set often yields the most accurate predictions of predicted molar volume and heat capacity with errors at 1% and 8%, respectively, representing the state‐of‐the‐art for quasi‐harmonic DFT calculations for crystalline ionic liquids. Fortuitous error cancellation between the basis‐set superposition (overbinding) and PBE imperfection (overexpanding) strongly affects the overall accuracy, unlike the case of B3LYP/GTO calculations, impeding systematic convergence of the methodology towards higher accuracy.
Design, synthesis, and bioassay of novel 1‐(3‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐5‐amino‐4‐pyrazole derivatives containing a 1,3,4‐thiadiazole thioether or sulfone moiety
Authors: Zheng Huanlin , Kuang Jiqing , Zhang Hong , Niu Xue , Wu Zhibing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of novel 1‐(3‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐5‐amino‐4‐pyrazole derivatives containing a 1,3,4‐thiadiazole thioether or sulfone moiety were designed and synthesized. All the title compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS, and the intermediate 2 and title compound 5e were confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Bioassay evaluation revealed that compound 5a (54.2 ± 2.0%) and 5r (75.2 ± 3.9%) exhibited good curative and protection activity against TMV, respectively, which was slightly lower than that of ningnanmycin (57.1 ± 2.2% and 73.8 ± 3.4%). Compound 5b (64.7 ± 8.5% and 67.7 ± 2.1%) exhibited good curative and protective activity against CMV, which was better than that of ningnanmycin (55.8 ± 1.4% and 64.2 ± 5.8%). The lethality rates of 5a, 5c, 5d, 5h, 5j, 5n, 5o, 5p, 5q, 5r, 5t, 6a, and 6e against C. pipiens were 100% at a concentration of 10 μg/ml, as well as chlorantraniliprole (100%). These results may provide enough support to justify further molecular design and derivation.
Should I stay or should I go? The role of individual strivings in shaping the relationship between envy and avoidance behaviors at work
Authors: Tussing Danielle V. , Wihler Andreas , Astandu Timothy V. , Menges Jochen I. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryResearch on envy is dominated by a focus on approach‐oriented behaviors—when envious employees take action to reduce the gap between the self and envied targets. Surprisingly, little research has examined the relationship between envy and avoidance‐oriented behaviors, even though emotion regulation research suggests that avoidance is a common reaction to unpleasant, painful emotions such as envy. We seek to understand envy's consequences for workplace avoidance—namely, absenteeism and turnover. Drawing on theories about how people interpret and regulate emotions according to their goals, we suggest that employees' individual differences in motivational strivings shape the relationship between envy and avoidance behaviors. We propose that for employees high in communion or status striving, envy is associated with more absences and thereby increased turnover; for employees high in achievement striving, envy is associated with fewer absences and ultimately reduced turnover. A field study of supermarket employees shows general support for our conceptual model regarding communion and achievement strivings but a null effect for status striving. Our research expands the nomological network of envy by examining its impact on workplace avoidance, helps to shed light on contradictory findings in envy research, and offers implications for theories on work motivation, emotions, and avoidance behaviors.
Testing mean air temperature trends in southern Greece: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Tsiotas Georgios , Mamara Anna , Argiriou Athanassios , Tsoukala Aikaterini (Katerina) 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the variability and trends of the mean annual and seasonal surface air temperature in southern Greece, namely in Crete and in the islands of the southern Aegean Sea. The climatic data used are the mean monthly homogenized air temperature values of seven meteorological stations of the Hellenic Meteorological Service, for the period 1960–2004. A Bayesian trend analysis is performed by fitting alternative stochastic‐trend models based on the Log‐normal, the Normal, the Generalized Extreme Value and the Gumbel distributions. Posterior simulations results based on the best fitting model reveal the locations and time‐periods with the strongest and the weakest interannual trends for both mean and variance. Furthermore, a model comparison experiment based on Bayes Factors compares the above stochastic‐trend models with the corresponding ones with no‐time trends. The results are very significant since they reveal the locations and the seasons where interannual trends for both mean and variance have real grounds.
Effects of Si on N and P stoichiometry in degraded grassland of northern China
Authors: Hao Qian , Song Zhaoliang , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Qiang , Yang Weihua , Yang Shilei , Tan Qiqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEcological stoichiometry could provide scientific references for restoring degraded grassland. However, most of the research studies conducted on grasslands emphasise the main biogenic elements and ignore silicon (Si) changes, although Si has been considered to affect the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation in plants. In this study, we aimed to explore the N, P and Si relationships in plants and soil in grasslands of different degradation statuses of northern China. This study conducted intensive sampling, including samples of eight plant species, the aboveground parts of plant communities and corresponding soil profiles from 69 sites. In addition to the N, P and Si concentrations, multiple soil (e.g., grain size) and vegetation (e.g., coverage) parameters were measured or calculated. Our results showed that the N, P and dissolved Si (DSi) in soil profiles were mainly determined by soil properties, such as the soil water content and pH, whereas plant elemental concentrations were determined by plant families and species. The N concentrations within the same plant species were also significantly influenced by mean annual temperature. Additionally, we used the soil and vegetation parameters to indicate the degradation level and found that grassland degradation could decrease soil elemental concentrations, soil N/P and the N or P concentrations of plant species. The DSi in soil had significantly positive correlation with the plant N and P concentrations (p < 0.05) and showed high independent effect on them. Given the benefits of Si on plants, future management practices relating to grassland restoration should consider the Si cycle.
Temporal declines in Wadden Sea phytoplankton cell volumes observed within and across species
Authors: Hillebrand Helmut , Antonucci Di Carvalho Josie , Dajka Jan‐Claas , Dürselen Claus‐Dieter , Kerimoglu Onur , Kuczynski Lucie , Rönn Lena , Ryabov Alexey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCell size is a master trait in the functional ecology of phytoplankton correlating with numerous morphological, physiological, and life‐cycle characteristics of species that constrain their nutrient use, growth, and edibility. In contrast to well‐known spatial patterns in cell size at macroecological scales or temporal changes in experimental contexts, few data sets allow testing temporal changes in cell sizes within ecosystems. To analyze the temporal changes of intraspecific and community‐wide cell size, we use the phytoplankton data derived from the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea monitoring program, which comprises sample‐ and species‐specific measurements of cell volume from 1710 samples collected over 14 yr. We find significant reductions in both the cell volume of most species and the weighted mean cell size of communities. Mainly diatoms showed this decline, whereas the size of dinoflagellates seemed to be less responsive. The magnitude of the trend indicates that cell volumes are about 30% smaller now than a decade ago. This interannual trend is overlayed by seasonal cycles with smaller cells typically observed in summer. In the subset of samples including environmental conditions, small community cell size was strongly related to high temperatures and low total phosphorus concentration. We conclude that cell size captures ongoing changes in phytoplankton communities beyond the changes in species composition. In addition, based on the changes in species biovolumes revealed by our analysis, we warn that using standard cell size values in phytoplankton assessment will not only miss temporal changes in size, but also lead to systematic errors in biomass estimates over time.
Periodically Functionalized Sequence‐Regulated Vinyl Polymers via Iterative Atom Transfer Radical Additions and Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Miyajima Masato , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSequence‐regulated vinyl polymers with functional groups, such as aliphatic, aromatic, hydroxy, amino, and carboxylic acid groups, as found in natural macromolecules such as proteins, are one of the ultimate targets in synthetic polymers. This study is directed toward the synthesis of periodically functionalized sequence‐regulated vinyl polymers using a series of reactions consisting of iterative atom transfer radical additions (ATRAs) of vinyl monomers, allylation, functionalization, protection, acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization, hydrogenation, and deprotection. The functionalized sequence‐regulated telechelic diene oligomers, possessing protected hydroxy, carboxylic acid, and amino groups in the pendant of the acrylate unit between two styrene units, are prepared by iterative ATRAs of two styrene molecules to methyl dichloroacetate followed by allylation of both C–Cl termini and substitution of methyl ester with the protected functionalized groups. The protected functionalized sequence‐regulated telechelic diene oligomers are then polymerized by ADMET polymerization to afford polymers with main‐chain internal olefins and protected functionalized side chains in the acryl units between the two styrene units. The subsequent hydrogenation and deprotection reactions produce a series of sequence‐regulated vinyl polymers with periodic polar functional groups such as –OH, –CO2H, and –NH3+Cl–. These functional groups affect the thermal properties and solubility of the polymers.
Compressive sensing‐based SAR imaging for undersampled echo
Authors: Chen Weizhi , Cheng Ziyue , Zhang Yueyuan , Chen Jiaqi , Zhan Huopan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn view of the fact that the traditional radar system follows the Nyquist sampling theory and have the constraint of high sampling rate, we analyze a low‐speed sampling radar imaging based on compressed sensing. In compressed sensing, it uses the low‐rank characteristics of the signal to make it non‐adaptively sample the signal at a rate of far lower than the Nyquist sampling rate, so that it can reduce the requirements of hardware. Therefore, it not only can help to solve the problems of power, size, weight, reliability, and cost, but also can be seen as an upgrade and supplement of the traditional radar.
Data‐driven algorithm for myelin water imaging: Probing subvoxel compartmentation based on identification of spatially global tissue features
Authors: Omer Noam , Galun Meirav , Stern Neta , Blumenfeld‐Katzir Tamar , Ben‐Eliezer Noam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeMulticomponent analysis of MRI T2 relaxation time (mcT2) is commonly used for estimating myelin content by separating the signal at each voxel into its underlying distribution of T2 values. This voxel‐based approach is challenging due to the large ambiguity in the multi‐T2 space and the low SNR of MRI signals. Herein, we present a data‐driven mcT2 analysis, which utilizes the statistical strength of identifying spatially global mcT2 motifs in white matter segments before deconvolving the local signal at each voxel.MethodsDeconvolution is done using a tailored optimization scheme, which incorporates the global mcT2 motifs without additional prior assumptions regarding the number of microscopic components. The end results of this process are voxel‐wise myelin water fraction maps.ResultsValidations are shown for computer‐generated signals, uniquely designed subvoxel mcT2 phantoms, and in vivo human brain. Results demonstrated excellent fitting accuracy, both for the numerical and the physical mcT2 phantoms, exhibiting excellent agreement between calculated myelin water fraction and ground truth. Proof‐of‐concept in vivo validation is done by calculating myelin water fraction maps for white matter segments of the human brain. Interscan stability of myelin water fraction values was also estimated, showing good correlation between scans.ConclusionWe conclude that studying global tissue motifs prior to performing voxel‐wise mcT2 analysis stabilizes the optimization scheme and efficiently overcomes the ambiguity in the T2 space. This new approach can improve myelin water imaging and the investigation of microstructural compartmentation in general.
Time course of capillary regression and an expression balance between vascular endothelial growthfactor‐Aand thrombospondin‐1 in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rats
Authors: Tanaka Masayuki , Kanazashi Miho , Kondo Hiroyo , Fujino Hidemi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsSkeletal muscle capillaries regress with disuse; however, information on time‐dependent changes in the expression of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors in disused muscle is limited. This study aimed to clarify time‐dependent changes in skeletal muscle capillarization, pro‐angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), and anti‐angiogenic thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) in the soleus muscle of hindlimb unloaded rat.MethodsEight‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups corresponding to different hindlimb unloading (HU) duration at 0, 1, 2, and 3 wk.ResultsMuscle atrophy and capillary regression worsened in the soleus muscle with longer periods of HU. The VEGF‐A protein expression level was lower at week 1 than at week 0. In addition, the value at week 3 was also lower than those at weeks 0, 1, and 2. The TSP‐1 protein expression level was higher at week 1 than that at week 0 but was similar at weeks 2 and 3. Moreover, reactive oxygen species, assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence intensity on cryosection, were higher at weeks 2 and 3 than that at week 0.DiscussionDepending on the HU period, VEGF‐A and TSP‐1 showed different expression patterns. In the early HU phase, TSP‐1 may play an important role in capillary regression. However, when HU extends for a longer period, decreased VEGF‐A, and/or increased oxidative stress may be more involved in capillary regression.
The Effect of Public Health Insurance on Criminal Recidivism
Authors: Aslim Erkmen G. , Mungan Murat C. , Navarro Carlos I. , Yu Han 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMental health and substance use disorders are highly prevalent among incarcerated individuals. Many prisoners reenter the community without receiving any specialized treatment and return to prison with existing behavioral health problems. We consider a Beckerian law enforcement theory to identify different channels through which access to healthcare may impact ex‐offenders’ propensities to recidivate, and empirically estimate the effect of access to public health insurance on criminal recidivism. By exploiting variation in state Medicaid expansion decisions, we find that increased access to healthcare through Medicaid coverage reduces recidivism among offenders convicted of violent and public order crimes. The decomposition of recidivism rates shows that this reduction is driven by marginal recidivists who, but for Medicaid expansions, would be reconvicted for the type of crime for which they were previously convicted. Analyses of potential mechanisms show an increase in criminal justice referrals to addiction treatment, which may reduce impulsive behavior. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations also indicate that there are substantial cost reductions from providing Medicaid coverage to former inmates.
Potential Race and Gender Biases in High‐Stakes Teacher Observations
Authors: Grissom Jason A. , Bartanen Brendan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClassroom observations are the largest component of evaluation ratings given to teachers in the multiple‐measure evaluation systems states have implemented in the last decade. Using data from the first eight years of Tennessee's teacher evaluation system, we document race and gender gaps in observation ratings and ask whether these gaps reflect true differences in instructional effectiveness. White and female teachers receive, on average, 0.15 standard deviations (SD) and 0.30 SD higher observation ratings than their Black and male colleagues. Gaps persist even conditional on other measures of teachers’ effectiveness, such as value‐added to student test scores or student attendance, consistent with potential bias. The Black–White gap is largest in schools where Black teachers are racially isolated and is partly explained by Black teachers’ propensity to be assigned less advantaged students within their schools. Teachers receive somewhat higher ratings from raters of the same race. We find no same‐gender rater effects and, beyond score differences associated with grade and subject taught, uncover few explanations for the large advantage women see in observation ratings. Our results suggest the need for steps to address bias in evaluation processes to ensure the accuracy of evaluation feedback and fair, equitable treatment of teachers in evaluation and staffing actions that rely on it.
The Role of Government in the Market for Electric Vehicles: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Shanjun , Zhu Xianglei , Ma Yiding , Zhang Fan , Zhou Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGovernments in many countries have offered various incentives to promote the diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs). This study examines the effectiveness of various policy measures that underlie the rapid development of the EV market in China, by far the world's largest such market. The analysis is based on detailed data on EV sales, local and central government incentive programs, and charging stations in 150 cities from 2015 to 2018. The empirical framework addresses the potential endogeneity of key variables, such as local policies and charging infrastructure, by using a city‐border‐regression design and instrumental variable approach. We find that consumer subsidies for vehicle purchases accounted for more than half of EV sales in China. Nevertheless, investments in charging infrastructure were much more cost‐effective than consumer subsidies. An inexpensive policy that merely provided EVs with a distinctive, green license plate was strikingly effective. These findings demonstrate the varying efficacy of different policy instruments and highlight the critical role of the government in promoting clean technologies.