bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear fault damage zone scaling revealed through analog modeling
Authors: Mayolle Sylvain , Soliva Roger , Dominguez Stéphane , Wibberley Christopher , Caniven Yannick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFault damage zones strongly influence fluid flow and seismogenic behavior of faults and are thought to scale linearly with fault displacement until reaching a threshold thickness. Using analog modeling with different frictional layer thicknesses, we investigate damage zone dynamic evolution during normal fault growth. We show that experimental damage zone growth with displacement is not linear but progressively tends toward a threshold thickness, being larger in the thicker models. This threshold thickness increases significantly at fault segment relay zones. As the thickness threshold is approached, the failure mode progressively transitions from dilational shear to isochoric shear. This process affects the whole layer thickness and develops as a consequence of fault segment linkage as inferred in nature when the fault matures. These findings suggest that fault damage zone widths are limited both by different scales of mechanical unit thickness and the evolution of failure modes, ultimately controlled in nature by lithology and deformation conditions.
How Himalayan collision stems from subduction
Authors: Soret M. , Larson K.P. , Cottle J. , Ali A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe mechanisms and processes active during the transition from continental subduction to continental collision at the plate interface are largely unknown. Rock records of this transition are scarce, either not exposed or obliterated during subsequent events. We examine the tectono-metamorphic history of Barrovian metamorphic rocks from the western Himalayan orogenic wedge. We demonstrate that these rocks were buried to amphibolite-facies conditions from ≤47 Ma to 39 ± 1 Ma, synchronously with the formation (46 Ma) and partial exhumation (45–40 Ma) of the ultrahigh-pressure eclogites. This association indicates that convergence during continental subduction was accommodated via development of a deep orogenic wedge built through successive underplating of continental material, including the partially exhumed eclogites, likely in response to an increase in interplate coupling. This process resulted in the heating of the subduction interface (from ~7 to ~20 °C/km) through advective and/or conductive heat transfer. Rapid cooling of the wedge from 38 Ma, coeval with the formation of a foreland basin, are interpreted to result from indentation of a promontory of thick Indian crust.
The OpenMP API for High Integrity Systems
Authors: Klemm Michael , Quiñones Eduardo , Taft Tucker , Ziegenbein Dirk , Royuela Sara 
Published: April 2021

OpenMP is traditionally focused on boosting performance in HPC systems. However, other domains are showing an increasing interest in the use of OpenMP by virtue of key aspects introduced in recent versions of the specification: the tasking model, the accelerator model, and other features like the requires and the assumes directives, which allow defining certain contracts. One example is the safety-critical embedded domain, where several efforts have been initiated towards the adoption of OpenMP. However, the OpenMP specification states that "application developers are responsible for correctly using the OpenMP API to produce a conforming program", being not acceptable in high integrity systems, where aspects such as reliability and resiliency have to be ensured at different levels of criticality. In this scope, programming languages like Ada propose a different paradigm by exposing fewer features to the user, and leaving the responsibility of safely exploiting the full underlying architecture to the compiler and the runtime systems, instead. The philosophy behind this kind of model is to move the responsibility of producing correct parallel programs from users to vendors.
In this panel, actors from different domains involved in the use of parallel programming models for the development of high-integrity systems share their thoughts about this topic.
The FDA Oncology Center of Excellence Scientific Collaborative: Charting a Course for Applied Regulatory Science Research in Oncology
Authors: Schneider Julie A. , Gong Yutao , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Kluetz Paul G. , Theoret Marc R. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Beaver Julia A. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Gormley Nicole J. , Jaigirdar Adnan A. , Lemery Steven J. , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi S. , Reaman Gregory H. , Rivera Donna R. , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Singh Harpreet , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Pazdur Richard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The FDA Oncology Center of Excellence (OCE) is a leader within the agency in scientific outreach activities and regulatory science research. On the basis of analysis of scientific workshops, internal meetings, and publications, the OCE identified nine scientific priority areas and one cross-cutting area of high interest for collaboration with external researchers. This article describes the process for identifying these scientific interest areas and highlights funded and unfunded opportunities for external researchers to work with FDA staff on critical regulatory science challenges.
Racial Disparities in In-Hospital Adverse Events Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Implanted With a Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Device: A US National Perspective
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zia , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Darden Douglas , Pasupula Deepak Kumar , Balla Sudarshan , Han Frederick T. , Reeves Ryan , Hsu Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Left atrial appendage occlusion using a Watchman device has shown promise in reducing stroke risk in selected atrial fibrillation patients. Limited data exist on differences in characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of Watchman recipients in the United States based on race/ethnicity.

Methods:
Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample database for calendar years 2015 to 2018. The study sample was stratified into 4 groups (White, Black, Hispanic, and other races). Baseline characteristics, procedural complications, and key in-hospital outcomes were then assessed. We also analyzed the independent association of race/ethnicity with key in-hospital outcomes including major complications, prolonged hospital stay, and increased hospitalization cost.

Results:

A total of 34 960 Watchman recipients were included in the final analysis. Black and Hispanic patients had higher prevalence of heart failure, hypertension, obesity, and renal failure when compared with White patients. The crude rate of overall procedural complications was also higher in Blacks, Hispanics, and patients of other race when compared with White patients (15.2%, 12.4%, and 14.1% versus 9.9%;
P
<0.01). After multivariable adjustment, compared with White patients, Blacks, Hispanics, and patients of other race experienced a higher likelihood of a major complication from the procedure (adjusted odds ratio, 1.223 [95% CI, 0.986–1.517], 1.296 [95% CI, 1.075–1.561], and 1.924 [95% CI, 1.569–2.360], respectively) and prolonged length of stay >1 day (adjusted odds ratio, 1.631 [95% CI, 1.431–1.859], 1.239 [95% CI, 1.110–1.383], and 1.619 [95% CI, 1.403–1.869], respectively).

Conclusions:
Non-White patients undergoing Watchman implantation had higher prevalence of key comorbidities and also experienced increased Watchman-related adverse events including procedural complications and prolonged length of stay, even after adjustment for potential confounders. Further research is needed to identify etiologies behind differential outcomes among non-White patients after Watchman implantation.
Did Aristotle Use a Laptop?A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategies
Authors: Geva Mor , Khashabi Daniel , Segal Elad , Khot Tushar , Roth Dan , Berant Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA key limitation in current datasets for multi-hop reasoning is that the required steps for answering the question are mentioned in it explicitly. In this work, we introduce StrategyQA, a question answering (QA) benchmark where the required reasoning steps are implicit in the question, and should be inferred using a strategy. A fundamental challenge in this setup is how to elicit such creative questions from crowdsourcing workers, while covering a broad range of potential strategies. We propose a data collection procedure that combines term-based priming to inspire annotators, careful control over the annotator population, and adversarial filtering for eliminating reasoning shortcuts. Moreover, we annotate each question with (1) a decomposition into reasoning steps for answering it, and (2) Wikipedia paragraphs that contain the answers to each step. Overall, StrategyQA includes 2,780 examples, each consisting of a strategy question, its decomposition, and evidence paragraphs. Analysis shows that questions in StrategyQA are short, topic-diverse, and cover a wide range of strategies. Empirically, we show that humans perform well (87%) on this task, while our best baseline reaches an accuracy of ∼ 66%.
FK506-binding protein 5 promotes the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Gao Zhenya , Yu Fang , Jia Huanxia , Ye Zhuo , Yao Shijie 
Published: April 2021

Objective To detect the expression of FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues, and explore its possible role in the progression of PTC. Methods FKBP5 expression levels were assessed in 115 PTC tissues and corresponding normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. We also examined the correlations between FKBP5 expression and clinicopathological factors and survival in 75 patients with PTC. The effects of FKBP5 on the proliferation and apoptosis of PTC cells were detected by colony-formation, MTT, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. We further investigated the effects of FKBP5 on tumor growth in mice. Results We revealed high expression levels of FKBP5 in human PTC tissues compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, high FKBP5 expression was associated with an increased incidence of intraglandular dissemination, and lower overall and progression-free survival. FKBP5 depletion remarkably suppressed the proliferation and induced apoptosis of PTC cells in vitro. FKBP5 further contributed to the growth of PTC tumors in mice. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated the potential involvement of FKBP5 in the progression of PTC, and confirmed FKBP5 as a novel therapeutic target for PTC treatment.
Depression in independent young adults on the autism spectrum: Demographic characteristics, service use, and barriers
Authors: Zheng Shuting , Adams Ryan , Taylor Julie Lounds , Pezzimenti Florencia , Bishop Somer L 
Published: April 2021

Depression is a common problem for adults on the autism spectrum, but little is known about depression-related service receipt in this group. To understand depression diagnostic and treatment status better, we collected information on current depressive symptoms, depression diagnosis, and treatment status of 315 young adults with a childhood diagnosis of autism from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge registry. About two-thirds (65.4%) of the adults had been diagnosed with depression, and 46.7% currently met clinical cut-offs for depression on depressive symptoms measures. Among the currently depressed, the majority (83.0%) had a formal depression diagnosis. Despite being no more likely than males to be currently depressed, females (biological sex) were more likely to have received a depression diagnosis. As for depression treatment, 58.5% of currently depressed adults were currently being treated, and 68% had previously received treatment. Medication was the most common form of treatment, followed by individual therapy. Likelihood of receiving depression treatment was higher among those with a formal depression diagnosis and with higher levels of education. Adults reported several barriers to accessing treatment for depression, including financial and insurance issues, accessibility to appropriate care, and professionals’ lack of understanding about depression in autism. Lay abstract Depression is common among adults on the autism spectrum, but little is known about the extent to which these adults living in the community access diagnostic and treatment services for depression. To address this gap, we surveyed 315 adults on the autism spectrum on depression symptoms, diagnosis, and services. About half of the sample had scores on standard depression measures that suggested they were currently depressed ( n = 147, 46.7%). Among the currently depressed, most of them had received a depression diagnosis from a professional. Depressed females were about 3.5 times more likely than depressed males to have a depression diagnosis. More than half of the currently depressed adults on the autism spectrum reported receiving depression treatment at the time of the study, while about two-thirds had previously received treatment. Those with a depression diagnosis were more likely to have received treatment, and those who had some education beyond high school were more likely to be currently receiving treatment. Financial and insurance issues were the most common barriers that adults reported in accessing treatment for depression.
Trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) from 1995 to 2017 in the older Norwegian population by sex and education: The HUNT Study
Authors: Storeng Siri H. , Øverland Simon , Skirbekk Vegard , Hopstock Laila Arnesdatter , Sund Erik R. , Krokstad Steinar , Strand Bjørn H. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: Understanding whether increasing Life Expectancy (LE) translates to improved health and function among older adults is essential, but results are inconclusive. We aimed to estimate trends in Disability-Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) in the older Norwegian population by sex and education from 1995 to 2017. Method: National life table data were combined with cross-sectional data on functional ability for 70+ year-olds from the population-based Trøndelag Health Surveys 2-4 (1995–1997, 2006–2008 and 2017–2019) ( n=24,733). Self-reported functional ability was assessed on a graded scale by a combination of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) such as paying bills, going out or shopping (mild disability) and Personal Activities of Daily Living (PADL) such as washing, dressing or eating (severe disability). LE, DFLE, Mild-Disability LE and Severe-Disability LE at age 70 were estimated by the Sullivan method. Results: From 1995 to 2017 DFLE at age 70 increased from 8.4 to 13.0 years in women, and from 8.0 to 12.1 years in men. DFLE increased in the basic and high educational groups, but more so in the high educational group among men. Educational inequalities in years spent with disability however, remained low. Conclusions: From the mid-1990s and over the past three decades both LE and DFLE at 70 years increased in the older Norwegian population, for both men and women, and across basic and high educational levels. Educational inequalities in DFLE increased, especially in men, but years spent with disability were similar across the three decades.
College students’ perspectives on an alcohol prevention programme and student drinking – A focus group study
Authors: Calnan Susan , Davoren Martin P. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: While there is considerable research on the efficacy of interventions designed to reduce alcohol consumption and related harms among college students, there is limited research on students’ own perspectives on such interventions. This qualitative study aimed to address this gap by examining college students’ perspectives in the context of an alcohol prevention programme for college students in Ireland. Methods: Focus groups were used as the means of data collection, and participants were selected using purposive sampling based on two criteria – type/location of college and category of student. A total of eight focus groups were conducted at two institutions taking part in the programme. Participants comprised four categories of student: undergraduates, mature students, international students and students who were members of clubs or societies. Results were analysed through the lens of a social-ecological framework. Results: The study findings indicated that students perceived alcohol as being endemic to college life and wider society. As a result, many of the students were sceptical or ambivalent regarding the potential efficacy of alcohol prevention programmes. Despite the perceived pervasiveness of alcohol, the study pointed to heterogeneity in drinking practices among the participants. Moreover, the study participants expressed divergent views when asked whose responsibility it was to control student alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Viewing the findings through a social-ecological lens, students seemed to collectively acknowledge the different layers of influence on student drinking, acknowledging the complex nature of this issue. Providing a greater variety of leisure spaces, including alcohol-free environments, was viewed particularly favourably by the student participants in terms of solutions proposed.
Effect of lisocabtagene maraleucel on HRQoL and symptom severity in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Patrick Donald L. , Powers Annette , Jun Monika Parisi , Kim Yeonhee , Garcia Jacob , Dehner Christine , Maloney David G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown efficacy as a third-line or later treatment in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire, we evaluated the impact of CAR T-cell treatment with lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptoms in patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL in the ongoing, open-label, nonrandomized TRANSCEND NHL 001 trial. Clinically meaningful improvement was observed in EORTC QLQ-C30 scores for global health status/QoL, based on a minimally important difference of 10 points at 2 to 18 months after liso-cel infusion. There were no clinically meaningful changes in physical functioning and pain, whereas clinically meaningful improvements were observed in fatigue at 2, 12, and 18 months. The proportion of patients with clinically meaningful improvement in global health status/QoL was generally higher for treatment responders than for nonresponders. A trend toward decreased mean EQ-5D-5L index scores was observed at 1 month after liso-cel infusion, followed by subsequent increases through 18 months. Mean EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale scores increased from 2 through 18 months. In summary, patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL treated with liso-cel had early, sustained, and clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL and symptoms that correlated with antitumor activity. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02631044.
The relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome and patellofemoral morphology: a case–control study
Authors: Yuksel Yavuz , Ergun Tarkan , Torun Ebru , Unal Melih , Sonnow Lena , Kose Ozkan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this prospective case–control study is to investigate the relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome (QFPS) and patellofemoral morphology.

Materials and methods
Twenty-two patients with QFPS and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included. The diagnosis of QFPS was supported both clinically and radiologically. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patellofemoral morphology was evaluated with 13 radiological measurements including trochlear sulcus angle, trochlear sulcus depth, trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear condyle asymmetry, lateral trochlear inclination angle, patellar translation, tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance, Insall–Salvati ratio, patellotrochlear index, patellar tilt, the ratio between lateral and medial facet lengths, interfacet angle, and quadriceps tendon thickness. The mean of measurements was compared between groups using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results
There were 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 30.81 ± 1.41 (range 19–38) years in group I and 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 31.13 ± 1.31 (range 19–39) years in group II. The mean age and the gender distribution were statistically similar between groups (p = 0.845, p = 1, respectively). All measured values except for patellar tilt (p = 0.038) and TT–TG distance (p = 0.004) were similar (p > 0.05 for the other variables). However, all of the measured variables were within the normal range.

Conclusions
QFPS may not be associated with anatomical variations of the patellofemoral joint. Further studies are required to understand the etiology and risk factors.

Level of evidence
Level III, prospective case–control study
Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensing of H2S Gas Using Precipitation and Impregnation-Made CuO/SnO2 Thick Films
Authors: Leangtanom Pimpan , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Jaruwongrangsee Kata , Chanlek Narong , Tuantranont Adisorn , Phanichphant Sukon , Kruefu Viruntachar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, CuO-loaded tetragonal SnO2 nanoparticles (CuO/SnO2 NPs) were synthesized using precipitation/impregnation methods with varying Cu contents of 0–25 wt% and characterized for H2S detection. The material phase, morphology, chemical composition, and specific surface area of NPs were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. From gas-sensing data, the H2S responses of SnO2 NPs were greatly enhanced by CuO loading particularly at the optimal Cu content of 20 wt%. The 20 wt% CuO/SnO2 sensor showed an excellent response of 1.36 × 105 toward 10 ppm H2S and high H2S selectivity against H2, SO2, CH4, and C2H2 at a low optimum working temperature of 200 °C. In addition, the sensor provided fast response and a low detection limit of less than 0.15 ppm. The CuO–SnO2 sensor could therefore be a potential candidate for H2S detection in environmental applications.