bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of plasma D-dimer level in predicting no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Elsymbokhty Wafed Samir Mohamed , Mansour Hazem Mohamed , Tamara Ahmed Fathy , Alabd Ali Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The no-reflow phenomenon is defined as the occurrence of areas with extremely low tissue flow after reopening the target vessel. Current knowledge suggests that the no-reflow phenomenon is caused by the damage to microvascular integrity established both during ischemia and during reperfusion.. D-dimer is a final product of fibrin degradation by plasmin, the plasma concentrations of which increase in subjects with ongoing or recent thrombosis; its levels reflect the fibrin turnover and gives an indirect estimation of the size of the thrombotic mass available for fibrinolysis and the severity of hypercoagulable state. Moreover, high thrombus burden is known to be associated with no-reflow phenomenon.

Objective: To
determine the value of plasma D-dimer level on admission in predicting no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted among 100 patients with STEMI admitted in coronary care unit and coronary catheterization lab unit of cardiology department in Ain Shams University Hospital & Misr University Hospital undergone successful primary PCI. 74 patients showed normal re-flow after PCI and 26 patients showed noreflow phenomenon after PCI and D –dimer level and other clinical parematers for the no re-flow phenomenon were analysed.

Results
patient with high plasma D-dimer levels showed higher risk of no-reflow phenomenon compared with patients with low plasma D-dimer in predicting no-reflow. D-dimer level ranged from 210 to 776 ng/ml with mean± SD was 415.35 ± 164.91 ng/ml. (55%) of the patients had D-dimer levels &lt;500 ng/ml.and (45%) had D-dimer &gt;500ng/dl. coronary angiography showed that (74%) showed normal flow and (26%)showed no re-flow. ROC curve of the relation of no-reflow, TIMI flow and MBG grade, showed that the best cut off point for D-dimer to detect cases with no reflow was found ≥ 560 with sensitivity of 96.15%, specificity of 79.73% and area under curve (AUC) of 86.5%.

Conclusion
D-dimer level on admission independently predicts no-reflow after p-PCI. High D-dimer level on admission has an independent prognostic value.
Relation between Epstein-Barr virus infection and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Abdul-Ghaffar Aisha Yassin , Samaha Dalia Youssef , Wahba Nancy Samir , Hussein Ahmed Essam Ali 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune mediated inflammatory disease that attacks myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS), destroying the myelin and the axon in variable degrees. The aetiology and pathogenesis of MS is complex and multifactorial, involving many interlacing mechanisms. Many theories had considered viral infections as a possible cause of MS. One of these viruses is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpes virus belonging to the family herpesviridae. There is obvious similarity between EBV and MS regarding their epidemiological pictures, and it was observed that most MS patients had a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM) a few years before onset. The relation between EBV and MS may give hope for development of biomarkers for prediction of disease development, early diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, curing or even preventing MS through an anti EBV vaccine or antiviral therapies.

Objectives
This study aims to analyze the association between EBV infection and multiple sclerosis.

Subjects and Methods
This is a case control study carried in the MS outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period from April 2019 till November 2019. Subjects included in this study were classified into two groups. The first group included 30 patients diagnosed as having MS, on the basis of their MRI finding, clinical presentation and according to revised Mc Donald criteria 2017. The patient group included 11 males and 19 females, their age ranged from 18 to 48 years. The second group included 30 age and sex matched healthy controls without any neurological or medical diseases. The control group included 11 males and 19 females, their age ranged from 18 to 48 years. Both groups were tested quantitatively for immunoglobulin G against Epstein Barr viral capsid antigen (VCA) using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique (ELISA).

Results
All patients with MS (100%) were positive for EBV VCA IgG, whereas (93.33%) of controls were positive. In the MS group, the EBV VCA IgG mean level was (161± 66.32) U/ml compared with (78.53±47.63) U/ml in controls. The difference in serum level of EBV VCA IgG between both groups was statistically highly significant (P = &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
There were higher levels of EBV VCA IgG in the serum of MS patients compared to healthy controls. This finding postulates a relation between EBV infection and MS and its role in the pathogenesis of MS.
D1S111 and 33.4 Polymorphism as a Tool of Genetic Identity among Egyptians
Authors: Talkhan Hala Ahmed , Mamdouh Rasha Mohammed , El Najjar Marwa Rushdy , Ibrahim Marian George Asaad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) are highly polymorphic markers. Due to their high polymorphic content, VNTR constitute useful tools in population genetic studies in understanding population and ethnic migrations throughout history. They also constitute preferred systems for DNA “fingerprinting”, criminal and forensic examinations and paternity testing, evaluating hematopoietic chimerism and in determining the origin of leukemic cells in patients with recurrent disease after BMT.

Aim of the Work
To standardize PCR protocols of 2 VNTR loci (D1S111/33.6 and 33.4) in order to detect allelic polymorphism among Egyptians as a tool in following up the chimeric status after allogenic stem cell transplantation.

Patients and Methods
The current study was conducted at Clinical Pathology Department of Ain Shams University Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019, a total of 130 subjects [65 pairs (allogenic stem cell transplantation donors and their recipients)] were included. D1S111/33.6 and 33.4 VNTR loci were evaluated in every subject by PCR technique to study their relative distribution and number of informative alleles detected in order to be used in chimerism follow up and population studies.

Results
Five alleles were found at D1S111/33.6 in 130 subjects with molecular weight ranging from 364 to 993 bp, frequency of homozygous alleles were 30.8% and it was 69.2% for heterozygous, 90 out of the total 130 subjects were heterozygous for 33.6, that means that the heterozygosity index for D1S111/33.6 is 69.2%, from the 65 pairs tested 31 pair were informative or discriminative with discriminative power 47.69%. For 33.4 we tried many PCR programs but no bands were detected at all.

Conclusion
D1S111/33.6 VNTR polymorphism is a dependable cost effective method in following up of allogenic stem cell transplantation recipients.
Transcription Factor 7-Like-2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 (C/T) Polymorphism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Seif Arig Aly , Hamed Amira Ibrahim , Bahaaeldin Ahmed Mohamed , Kabiel Walaa Ahmed Yousry , El Azm Mohamed Ahmed Abo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by the incapability of pancreatic beta cells to increase insulin secretion to compensate for insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues. T2DM is a multi-factorial disease including several environmental factors with the presence of genetic predisposition. The transcription factor 7-like-2 gene (TCF7L2) rs7903146 (C/T) polymorphism is one of the most susceptible genes to T2DM discovered to date, with contribution to the disease through the Wnt/β –catenin signaling pathway affecting pancreatic islet development, expression of several genes involved in insulin granules exocytosis and the incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) gene.

Aim of the Work
In this study we aimed to investigate the potential association of the transcription factor 7-like-2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 (C/T) gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Patients and Methods
The study was a case- control study conducted on 70 T2DM patients recruited from the endocrinology clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals, and 30 non diabetic healthy controls matched with the patients in age and sex. All subjects underwent full history taking, thorough clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations including haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile; total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and determination of TCF7L2 gene polymorphism by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results
The minor T allele of the rs7903146(C/T) SNP was associated with high risk of development of T2DM with an OR of 1.35 (95% CI: 0.68-2.6), the heterozygous genotype (CT) with an OR 1.16 (95% CI: 0.49-2.7) and the homozygous mutant genotype (TT) with OR of 3.16 (95% CI: 0.15-6.31), however, they were statistically insignificant (p-value &gt;0.05).

Conclusion
Our study did not confirm the presence of significant association between the TCF7L2 rs7903146(C/T) polymorphism and T2DM, however, it pointed to the possibility of presence of high risk of development of T2DM in patients with TT genotype. Further studies with higher sample size are needed to clarify the association.
Exploring The Clinical Significance of Serum Angiopoietin-2 In Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Abd Elmagid Abeer I , Al Hala Abdel , El Sayed Saad Wessam , Mohamed Seham Kamal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and one of the most important causes of death among them.Angiogenesis is an important step for primary tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastases. Angiopoietins are well-recognized endothelial growth factors that are involved in angiogenesis associated with tumors.

Aim
To explore the diagnostic significance of serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in breast cancer and to evaluate its prognostic efficacy through studying the degree of its association with the TNM staging of the disease.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on (35) Egyptian female patients who were diagnosed as breast cancer according to histopathological examination of breast biopsy (Group 1, Breast Cancer Patients) and (25) female patients with benign breast diseases (Group II, Pathological Control Patients), in addition to (20) age - matched apparently healthy, free mammogram, females serving as healthy controls (Group III, Healthy Controls). For all participants, measurement of serum Ang-2 was done using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.

Results
A highly significant increased levels of Ang-2 was observed in breast cancer patients when compared to healthy control group (Z = 4.95, p &lt; 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed in Ang-2 levels between breast cancer patients group and pathological control group (Z = 3.37, p &gt; 0.05). No significant difference was detected in Ang-2 levels in relation to TNM stage and histological grade. No significant correlation was found between Ang-2 levels and serum levels of CA15-3, hormone receptors, HER2/new receptor status (p &gt; 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion
This study revealed that Ang-2 serum levels were significantly increased in patient with breast cancer compared with healthy controls, indicating that high Ang-2 level is a promising non invasive biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis. However, no significant difference of Ang-2 levels was detected in relation of breast TNM staging in the population studied.
Study of The Association between TCF7L2 Gene Polymorphism (rs12255372) and Breast Cancer
Authors: Shaheen Karim Yehia , Al Ahmed Hala Abdel , Shaaban Menat Allah Ali , Emam Yasmeen Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is a major health concern worldwide being the most frequently diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer related death in females. It is a complex heterogeneous multifactorial disease where recently; genetic factors have emerged as major factors in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of TCF7L2 rs12255372 (G/T) gene polymorphism with breast cancer and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

Subjects and Methods
It is a case control study conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals, it includes 40 breast cancer female patients and 10 age matched healthy females.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the breast cancer patient group and the healthy female controls regarding TCF7L2 rs12255372 genotypes GG, GT and TT (p-value &gt;0.05 respectively). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was observed between both groups as regards G and T allele frequencies (p-value &gt; 0.05 respectively). Finally, no statistically significant difference association was recorded between the different genotypes of TCF7L2 gene and the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients (p-value &gt; 0.05 respectively).

Conclusion
the present study demonstrated the absence of a significant association of TCF7L2 SNP rs12255372 (G/T) with breast cancer or with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumor among the studied population.
Role of Platelet Rich Plasma in Accelerating the Healing Rate of Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Eldin Mohamed Mohamed Bahaa , Abd Elaziz Ahmed Abdel Razik , Mohamed Hamada Nader Mohamed , Mohamed Alaa Eldin Zaki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Diabetes is a major health problem that is currently showing an alarming rise in its prevalence, this has recently been estimated at 7.8% in the United States, presenting a &gt; 50% increase over the past 15 years while there exists a large population group in whom diabetes is undiagnosed.

Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness and rate of healing of autologous PRP gel in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Compare the effectiveness of PRP gel with standard treatment (normal saline dressings).

Methods
30 patients with non-ischemic DFU were classified into two groups: Group A: Patients with non-ischemic DFU and were treated with a novel modality i.e.: PRP injection in the healing edge and the floor of the targeted ulcer. GroupGroup B B:: Patients with non-ischemic DFU who had usual standard care i.e.: moist dressing with or without collagenase ointment. All cases had a minimal debridement prior to treatment, here in our study the demographic data i.e. Age, sex, medical history were homogenously distributed among both groups. All cases in both groups were non ischemic after successful revascularization either by OR or ER.

Results
The rate of complete healing for ulcers in group A was achieved in six patients (40%) at the fifth week, while five patients (33.33%) were healed completely by the sixth week and only one patient (6.67%) healed in the ninth week. 26.67% (n = 4 cases) in group B showed complete healing rate by eighth week and 40% (n = 6 cases) were healed by ninth week while 33.33% (n = 5 cases) were healed in the tenth week. P value was statistically significant &lt;0.001 between the groups.

Conclusion
Activated platelet rich plasma is a novel modality in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers which is feasible, safe and effective with high rate of limb salvage rate and clinical improvement.
Study of Comparison of Serum CXCL10 in Vitiligenous Patients before and after NB-UVB
Authors: Zulfakar Nehal Mohamed , Hassan Samah Ibrahim , Salah Ahmed Abdel-moneim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Vitiligo is a common, asymptomatic, acquired depigmentation disorder, clinically characterized by milky white sharply demarcated, macules and patches that are scattered symmetrically or asymmetrically over the body causing severe cosmetic distress and social stigma. It can be classified as nonsegmental, segmental, mixed, or unclassified. In vitiligo, melanocytes are targeted by multiple aggressions leading to marked reduction and destruction of pigment cells, including autoimmune process, altered cellular environment, defective melanocytes migration, stress, and genetic factors.

Objective
To evaluate the serum CXCL10 level in patients with more than one year stability, compare them with healthy controls and compare the serum and tissue level before and after treatment with NB-UVB.

Patients and Methods
The present prospective controlled study included 20 patients with stable vitiligo (according to the VIDA activity score age of patients ranged from 18 to 54 years old were divided into 10 males and 10 females, and were recruited from the outpatient clinic of dermatology of Ain Shams University Hospital in the period from october 2018 to march 2019, twenty healthy persons were used as controls. All the patients were subjected to a full history taking, general and local clinical examination laboratory tests, and graded via VIDA score as below, digital photography were taken before and after NB-UVB.

Results
A Total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study, completed the study till the end of follow up of 24 visits during 12 weeks, their ages ranged from 18 to 54years old with a mean of 32.88 ± 10.42 years. Patients were divided into 10 males (50%) and 10 females (50%). Only one patient (5%) had a past medical history of diabetes mellitus and five patients (25%) had similar vitiligo affection in their families. As regard the mean difference of serum CXCL10 in comparison to tissue levels after the treatment there was no statistically significant differences indicating that serum is good indicator for measurement of expression of CXCR3 expression with less invasive procedure and tissue CXCL10 is not necessary to be measured

Conclusion
Cxcl10 is a useful marker for vitiligo and its severity Serum CXCL10 is equally significant to tissue CXCL10, so serum CXCL10 can replase invasive tissue CXCL10 Some drugs can be directed against CXCL10 or its receptor CXCR3 and may be a useful tool to control vitiligo in the future.
Assessment of The Influence of Non-Genetic Risk Factors on The Disease Onset and Progression of Androgenetic Alopecia in Egyptian Males
Authors: Khafagy Naziha Hafez , Soltan Marwa Yassin , Adel Ali Ali Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a patterned hair loss with multifactorial background including genetic, hormonal as well as environmental and lifestyle-related risk factors. The impact of non-genetic risk factors on the onset and disease progression of androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian males.

Objective
To explore the potential role of non-genetic risk factors on the disease development and progression of androgenetic alopecia in Egyptian males.

Patients and Methods
The study included 2000 subjects with and without AGA, during the period from February 2019 to September 2019. The study protocol was approved by faculty of medicine, Ain Sham University, Research ethics committee (FWA 000017585). An informed written consent for participation in this study was obtained from patients and controls before enrollment. One thousand male patients with AGA were recruited in the study. The diagnosis was made via clinical diagnosis, dermatological findings, trichoscopic assessment.

Results
Our study showed that after skin examination 416 patients had acne and 344 patients had seborrhea, with statistically significant association to AGA cases.

Conclusion
From our study, it can be concluded that AGA became a major type of hair loss complaint among Egyptian males especially young males. Many potential risk factors were found to be associated with the disease as smoking, stress, obesity, family history, exercise, HTN and unbalanced diet. Avoidance of such risk factors may help improve the disease.
Evaluation of Serum Interleukin 36 in Egyptian Acne Vulgaris Patients versus Controls
Authors: Adel Shahin Maha Mohamed , Ahmed Soltan Marwa Yassin , Mahmoud Awaad Esraa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, and it is one of the most common dermatological conditions worldwide. Some of the key mechanisms of pathogenesis are the disturbed sebaceous gland activity associated with excess sebum production and alterations in sebum fatty acid composition, dysregulation of the hormone microenvironment, interaction with neuropeptides, follicular hyperkeratinization, and induction of inflammation and dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immunity.

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the serum IL36 levels in acne vulgaris patients in comparison with healthy controls and to correlate its level to different severities of acne vulgaris.

Patients and Methods
This is a case control study which included 30 acne vulgaris patients who were recruited from the Outpatient Dermatology Clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period between September 2018 and December 2018.

Results
The study revealed a highly significant increase in IL-36 serum levels which can differentiate cases form controls with a high degree of specificity of the test according to the ROC curve However, there was no association between IL-36 and the disease severity. Expression of high levels of IL-36 in all acne cases including mild cases suggests a probable role in early inflammatory stage of the disease. Furthermore, duration of the disease, body mass index, family history and sex were all insignificant factors on affecting IL-36 levels.

Conclusion
We found that IL-36 is involved in acne pathogenesis and its serum levels are elevated even in mild cases with comedonal lesions suggesting the possible involvement in the early events of acne vulgaris. Further studies are required to demonstrate more detailed explanation of IL-36 pathogenic role in acne.
Identification of Malassezia Species in Seborrheic Dermatitis Patients by CHROM Agar-Medium
Authors: Abd Alnaeem Sallam Mohamed , Taha Mahmoud El-sayed Mohamed , Abd Elfattah Afify Ahmed , Nooruldeen Abdulqader Mustafa Mustafa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a subacute or chronic superficial inflammatory skin condition, characterized by pruritic, erythematous plaques with greasy, yellow-gray scales, which appear on areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, scalp, upper chest, and back.

Aim of the Work
To identify Malassezia species that are involved in the development of SD in different body sites (face, scalp and trunk) and in different age groups, by using Chrom agar.

Patients and Methods
Forty nine patients with seborrheic dermatitis attending dermatology outpatient clinic in Ain shams university hospital the samples collected from December 2018 to June 2019.

Results
In this study, the most affected areas were the scalp and other sites as face and ears, which is concordant with the majority of studies worldwide. The role of sex in propensity to the development of Malassezia spp. Infection in SD is still unclear.

Conclusion
The distribution of Malassezia spp. on healthy and diseased skin shows significant variation and differences, although our knowledge of Malassezia yeasts has increased tremendously during the last two decades, their pathological roles remain ambiguous, and there is currently no conclusive evidence that any given species is responsible for a specific disease.