bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of a PBPK Model for Atomoxetine Using Levels in Plasma,
Saliva and Brain Extracellular Fluid in Patients with Normal and Deteriorated
Kidney Function
Authors: Alsmadi Mo'tasem M. , AL Eitan Laith N. , Idkaidek Nasir M. , Alzoubi Karem H. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Atomoxetine is a treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. It
inhibits norepinephrine transporters (NET) in the brain. Renal impairment can reduce hepatic
CYP2D6 activity and atomoxetine elimination which may increase its body exposure. Atomoxetine
can be secreted in saliva.

Objective:
The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that atomoxetine saliva levels
(sATX) can be used to predict ATX brain extracellular fluid (bECF) levels and their pharmacological
effects in healthy subjects and those with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods:
The pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine after intravenous administration to rats with chemically
induced acute and chronic renal impairments were investigated. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic
(PBPK) model was built and verified in rats using previously published measured atomoxetine
levels in plasma and brain tissue. The rat PBPK model was then scaled to humans and
verified using published measured atomoxetine levels in plasma, saliva, and bECF.

Results:
The rat PBPK model predicted the observed reduced atomoxetine clearance due to renal
impairment in rats. The PBPK model predicted atomoxetine exposure in human plasma, sATX and
bECF. Additionally, it predicted that ATX bECF levels needed to inhibit NET are achieved at 80
mg dose. In ESRD patients, the developed PBPK model predicted that the previously reported 65%
increase in plasma exposure in these patients can be associated with a 63% increase in bECF. The
PBPK simulations showed that there is a significant correlation between sATX and bECF in human.

Conclusion:
Saliva levels can be used to predict atomoxetine pharmacological response.
The Link Between Conventional and Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutics with Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Cervantes Carmen E. , Kant Sam , Atta Mohamed G. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Kidney disease associated with cancer and anti-cancer therapies has been
increasingly recognized in the field of onco-nephrology. In particular, drug-induced nephrotoxicity
has important implications since most chemotherapeutic agents have a nephrotoxic potential. Also,
standard creatinine clearance methods used for the measurement of kidney function have been questioned
in cancer patients due to factors like low muscle mass and poor nutritional status. Overestimations
of the glomerular filtration rate, not only can increase the nephrotoxic potential of different
agents, but also further limit the use of first-line therapies.

Objective:
This review covers specifically the drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy and its
two pathophysiologic mechanisms which include immune or idiosyncratic reactions, and non-immune
or dose-dependent ones.

Conclusion:
As novel cancer therapies are developed, it is paramount to pursue a better understanding
of conventional and novel chemotherapeutic agents and their role in kidney disease.
Efficacy of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Emotion Dysregulation in Patients with Dual Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder and Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Rady Ahmed , Abdelkarim Ahmed , Ivanoff Andre , Molokhia Tarek 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The published evidence supports the efficacy of dialectical behavioral
therapy (DBT) to treat patients with borderline personality disorder and particular emphasis on
emotion dysregulation as a psychopathological construct.

Aim:
To assess the efficacy of DBT for improving emotion dysregulation among patients with
dual diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder.

Methods:
We recruited 40 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for borderline personality disorder
and substance use disorder and assigned them to one of two groups of 20 participants each.
One group underwent DBT therapy and the other group followed a treatment-as-usual (TAU)
protocol over one year. We used the scores of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale
(DERS) at baseline, immediately after therapy, and 4 months after therapy to assess emotion
dysregulation.

Results:
We found significant improvements (p<0.05) in the DBT group after therapy that were
maintained at least for 4 months afterwards based on the DERS scores (including subscale
scores). More patients dropped out of the treatment in the TAU group than in the DBT group.

Conclusion:
DBT is a potentially efficacious psychological intervention to treat emotion dysregulation
in patients with borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder.
Cognitive Functions Assessment in Psoriasis Patients: A Crosssectional Study in University Hospital
Authors: Khalaf Ola Osama , El-Mesidy Marwa S. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Psoriasis is not merely an inflammatory skin disease but is commonly
associated with systemic inflammation causing medical and psychiatric comorbidities.

Objectives:
Psoriasis is not merely an inflammatory skin disease but is commonly
associated with systemic inflammation causing medical and psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods:
100 psoriasis patients, age 80 and sex-matched controls were recruited, dermatological
and psychiatric assessments were done, psoriasis severity was assessed using the Psoriasis
Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) was
used to assess the different cognitive domains and to screen for any possible MCI.

Results:
Cognitive functions were significantly worse in patients than in the healthy controls for
the total score of MOCA-B (p <0.001), abstraction (p <0.001), delayed recall (p <0.001), visuospatial
abilities (p= 0.013), naming (p=0.029) and attention (p <0.001). MCI was detected by the
Arabic version of MoCA-B with a cut-off score of 21/22, and it was more in the psoriasis group
(16 %) than in the controls (4%). No correlations were observed between disease characteristics
(Psoriasis duration in months, PASI, BSA%,) and the MoCA scores in psoriasis patients.

Conclusion:
Psoriasis patients showed worse cognitive impairment when compared to the controls
regardless of the psoriasis severity. Thus, the routine clinical examination of psoriasis
patients should include the administration of a brief cognitive screening tool to reach the best
management.
Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Using Direct Acting Antivirals in Geriatric Egyptian Patients
Authors: Elkadeem Mahmoud , Shoman Shoman Rabeei 
Published: July 2021

Background & Aims:
There is high proportion of geriatric patients
who acquired chronic hepatitis C virus infection. There is a shortage in evidence-
based data as regards direct-acting antivirals in this group of patients. The
aim was to assess safety, efficacy, and tolerability of direct acting antiviral drugs
in Egyptian geriatric patients.

Methods:
This prospective study was performed on 177 patients with chronic hepatitis
C and administrated different regimens of direct acting antivirals. Patients
were divided into two groups: Group I: patients below 65 years old (N = 143),
and Group II: patients > 65 years old (N = 34). Pretreatment history taking, baseline
characteristics, and investigations were done for both groups. Follow up was
made to detect treatment efficacy and adverse effects.

Results:
Geriatric group were found to have more comorbidities (diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, and cardiomyopathy); also liver cirrhosis. Minor adverse effects
occurred in both groups without significant difference included fatigue, insomnia,
headache, and dizziness. Vomiting, diarrhea, and skin rash occurred in
group II more than group I. Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, and significant
anemia occurred without significant difference between both groups. Eighteen
patients (25%) of 72 patients who took ribavirin had to reduce ribavirin dose
or to stop it. The overall treatment response in the entire study was 97.7% without
significant difference between both groups.

Conclusion:
Direct acting antivirals are recommended regardless the age. These
drugs are effective and tolerable in elderly patients. Attention to other comorbidities,
drug-drug interactions, and follow up are recommended.
Attitudes Toward the Environment and Use of Information and Communication Technologies to Address Environmental Health Risks in Marginalized Communities: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Perez-Ramos Jose G , McIntosh Scott , Barrett Emily S , Velez Vega Carmen M , Dye Timothy D 
Published: July 2021

Background
Information and communication technologies, including mobile health (mHealth), can help isolated communities address environmental health challenges. The Puerto Rican island of Culebra has faced multiple sociopolitical and economic factors that have distressed the island’s environment and health. Culebrenses are technologically engaged and have demonstrated a use of technology that transcends socioeconomic barriers. As a result, technological interventions could potentially help manage environmental risks on the island.

Objective
This study aims to test and evaluate the potential benefits of an mHealth tool, termed ¡mZAP! (Zonas, Acción y Protección), for engaging communities with environmental risks through technology.

Methods
Participants using ¡mZAP! (N=111) were surveyed. Bivariate analyses were used to examine associations of mHealth use with sociodemographics, technology use, an adapted environmental attitudes inventory, and the multidimensional health locus of control. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between attitudes toward environmental health risks and mHealth use.

Results
Higher positive attitudes toward the environment were significantly associated with the use of ¡mZAP! (odds ratio 5.3, 95% CI 1.6-17.0). Environmental attitudes were also associated with the multidimensional health locus of control powerful others subscale (P=.02), indicating that attitudes toward the environment become more negative as feelings controlled by others increase. Participants felt that the authorities would resolve the challenges (63/111, 56.7%).

Conclusions
Perceived lack of control could present barriers to collective actions to address salient environmental health challenges in communities. The ongoing dependency on government-based solutions to community problems is worrisome, especially after the hurricane experiences of 2017 (which may potentially continue to be an issue subsequent to the more recent 2020 earthquakes).
Common Data Elements for Meaningful Stroke Documentation in Routine Care and Clinical Research: Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Berenspöhler Sarah , Minnerup Jens , Dugas Martin , Varghese Julian 
Published: July 2021

Background
Medical information management for stroke patients is currently a very time-consuming endeavor. There are clear guidelines and procedures to treat patients having acute stroke, but it is not known how well these established practices are reflected in patient documentation.

Objective
This study compares a variety of documentation processes regarding stroke. The main objective of this work is to provide an overview of the most commonly occurring medical concepts in stroke documentation and identify overlaps between different documentation contexts to allow for the definition of a core data set that could be used in potential data interfaces.

Methods
Medical source documentation forms from different documentation contexts, including hospitals, clinical trials, registries, and international standards, regarding stroke treatment followed by rehabilitation were digitized in the operational data model. Each source data element was semantically annotated using the Unified Medical Language System. The concept codes were analyzed for semantic overlaps. A concept was considered common if it appeared in at least two documentation contexts. The resulting common concepts were extended with implementation details, including data types and permissible values based on frequent patterns of source data elements, using an established expert-based and semiautomatic approach.

Results
In total, 3287 data elements were identified, and 1051 of these emerged as unique medical concepts. The 100 most frequent medical concepts cover 9.51% (100/1051) of all concept occurrences in stroke documentation, and the 50 most frequent concepts cover 4.75% (50/1051). A list of common data elements was implemented in different standardized machine-readable formats on a public metadata repository for interoperable reuse.

Conclusions
Standardization of medical documentation is a prerequisite for data exchange as well as the transferability and reuse of data. In the long run, standardization would save time and money and extend the capabilities for which such data could be used. In the context of this work, a lack of standardization was observed regarding current information management. Free-form text fields and intricate questions complicate automated data access and transfer between institutions. This work also revealed the potential of a unified documentation process as a core data set of the 50 most frequent common data elements, accounting for 34% of the documentation in medical information management. Such a data set offers a starting point for standardized and interoperable data collection in routine care, quality management, and clinical research.
Effect of the Period From COVID-19 Symptom Onset to Confirmation on Disease Duration: Quantitative Analysis of Publicly Available Patient Data
Authors: Park Myung-Bae , Park Eun Young , Lee Tae Sic , Lee Jinhee 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIn general, early intervention in disease based on early diagnosis is considered to be very important for improving health outcomes. However, there is still insufficient evidence regarding how medical care that is based on the early diagnosis of confirmed cases can affect the outcome of COVID-19 treatment.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effect of the duration from the onset of clinical symptoms to confirmation of COVID-19 on the duration from the onset of symptoms to the resolution of COVID-19 (release from quarantine).MethodsFor preliminary data collection, we performed data crawling to extract data from social networks, blogs, and official websites operated by local governments. We collected data from the 4002 confirmed cases in 33 cities reported up to May 31, 2020, for whom sex and age information could be verified. Subsequently, 2494 patients with unclear symptom onset dates and 1349 patients who had not been released or had no data about their release dates were excluded. Thus, 159 patients were finally included in this study. To investigate whether rapid confirmation reduces the prevalence period, we divided the duration from symptom onset to confirmation into quartiles of ≤1, ≤3, ≤6, and ≥7 days, respectively. We investigated the duration from symptom onset to release and that from confirmation to release according to these quartiles. Furthermore, we performed multiple regression analysis to investigate the effects of rapid confirmation after symptom onset on the treatment period, duration of prevalence, and duration until release from isolation.ResultsWe performed multiple regression analysis to investigate the association between rapid confirmation after symptom onset and the total prevalence period (faster release from isolation). The time from symptom onset to confirmation showed a negative association with the time from confirmation to release (t1=−3.58; P<.001) and a positive association with the time from symptom onset to release (t1=5.86; P<.001); these associations were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe duration from COVID-19 symptom onset to confirmation date is an important variable for predicting disease prevalence, and these results support the hypothesis that a short duration of symptom onset to confirmation can reduce the time from symptom onset to release.
Negotiation of Meaning of Indonesian EFL Learners in Casual Conversation: An SFL Study
Authors: Yonata Fadhila 
Published: July 2021

Communicative interaction is demanded by all levels of EFL learners. To prepare them to comply with this purpose, engaging them to deal with the real-life conversation using the target language may have beneficial effects on their second language acquisition process. However, the way learners negotiating meaning in an understandable way and how they position themselves as the appropriate role of the speakers are still rarely studied, especially in the Indonesian teaching and learning context. This study aims to reveal what type of commodity is being exchanged by graduate learners (3 females and 1 male) when they are assigned to have an unplanned casual conversation. The study further analyzes the nature of the exchange structure of EFL learners’ casual conversation seen from the Systemic Functional Linguistics perspective. The data were taken from audio recordings of casual conversations and then transcribed as the written data. The conversation was then divided into clauses as the unit of analysis. In employing a spoken discourse analysis framework, interactive analysis was implemented to discover exchange structure. The results show the exchanged commodity is information through statements. It indicates that as magister students, they always show their knowledge off, and intimacy sometimes matters as the reason for informative conversations. The speakers’ role also has been successfully achieved by the speakers since their ability to position themselves as initiators or responders to keep the conversational flow.
The Effect of Market Transparency on Corporate Disclosure: Evidence from the Observability of Bond Prices and Trading
Authors: Rickmann Georg A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Market prices and trading are important information constructs that reveal information to market participants. I study how the observability of market prices and trading (hereafter, market transparency) affects firms' disclosure incentives. I exploit the staggered introduction of TRACE, which made bond prices and transactions publicly observable. I find that firms provide more guidance when their bonds' prices/trading become observable, suggesting that investors' access to market information limits managers' incentives to withhold information. This effect is stronger for firms whose revealed prices contain more new information, and it is more pronounced for the disclosure of bad news. I corroborate my results using (1) a controlled experiment, in which prices/trading were revealed for randomly selected bonds, and also (2) relevant threshold rules. Together, my results suggest that increased market transparency improves investors' access to information not only directly, by revealing the information contained in returns/trading, but also indirectly, by increasing corporate disclosure.
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Seni Baca Al-Qur’an Terhadap Peserta Didik Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Tanjung Mutiara
Authors: Kartika Kartika , Muliati Indah 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari masalah kurang optimalnya persiapan (perencanaan) dari guru dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seni baca Al-Qur’an, serta kurangnya fasilitas dari sekolah sebagai pendukung pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seni baca Al-Qur’an. Merujuk dari latar belakang masalah tersebut maka penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seni baca Al-Qur’an di SMAN 1 Tanjung Mutiara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kegiatan, faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seni baca Al-Qur’an. Jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Field Research (penelitian lapangan). Sedangkan metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa proses pelaksanaan dari kegiatan seni baca Al-Qur’an, dari segi pelaksanaan terbagi atas tiga yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi, dari segi pelaksanaan dan evaluasi guru sudah melaksanakan dengan baik, namun dari segi persiapan masih kurang karena guru tidak menggunakan perencanaan dalam proses kegiatan tersebut sehingga pembelajaran tidak terarah dari segi waktu. Adapun faktor pendukung dari pelaksanaan kegiatan seni baca Al-Qur’an adalah dari dukungan kepala sekolah yang memberikan izin pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seni baca Al-Qur’an, lingkungan belajar, bakat dan minat peserta didik. Sedangkan faktor penghambat dalam kegiatan ini kurangnya fasilitas belajar dari pihak sekolah seperti tidak adanya Al-Qur’an dan pengeras suara, dari peserta didik faktor penghambat yaitu dari beberapa orang peserta didik yang tidak memiliki bakat seperti suara yang tidak bagus dan suara pendek. Ketebatasan waktu, dari guru kurangnya persiapan dan metode yang kurang bervariasi. Terakhir kurangnya dukungan dari orang tua. Hal ini yang menjadi penyebab timbulnya masalah-masalah diatas.
Kata kunci: Ekstrakurikuler, Seni baca Al-Qur’an, SMAN 1 Tanjung Mutiara.
NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ESTABLISHED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PARIS PRINCIPLES, ENGAGED INTO THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNAL MEANS OF SECURITY
Authors: Deshko Lyudmyla 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to clarify the place of national institutions engaged in the promotion and protection of human rights in the system of domestic means created in accordance with the Paris Principles. Research methods is the general methods of scientific cognitivism as well as concerning those used in legal science: methods of analysis and synthesis, formal logic, comparative law etc.
The concept of understanding of the organizational and legal guarantees of human and citizen's rights has been improved in the constitutional law science, namely: the classification criterion for division into groups is the possibility/non possibility of exercising any kind of state coercion in the course of jurisdictional/ non jurisdictional activity; representative body (body responsible for ensuring Ukraine's representation in the European Court of Human Rights and coordinating the implementation of its decisions), bodies of the state executive service, private executors are the elements of the system of organizational and legal guarantees of human and citizen's rights; by classification criterion – the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms is the primary function of the authority-guarantor or similar body of some other kinds of functions – it is substantiated that national institutions engaged into the promotion and protection of human rights belong to the group of authority-guarantor of special competence established specifically to provide guarantees, human rights and fundamental freedoms.
It is proposed within the group of authority-guarantor of special competence established specifically to ensure the guarantees of human rights and fundamental freedoms, to distinguish a sub-group of national institutions engaged into the promotion and protection of human rights: 1) human rights commissions; 2) human rights ombudsmen; 3) anti-discrimination ombudsmen (commissions); 4) human rights institutes (centers); 5) human rights advisory committees; 6) comprehensive human rights institutes.