bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaster Response Among Hospital Nurses Dispatched To Evacuation Centers In And Beyond The Fukushima Prefecture
Authors: Yamamoto Chika , Onoda Katsuko , Hasegawa Arifumi , Oikawa Tomoyoshi , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Living in a shelter affects resident health, increasing mortality risk, making shelter management a crucial part of disaster response.Multiple stakeholders are involved in managing evacuation centers. However, little is known about the support needs of medical personnel within a disaster area. Methods: This study aimed to examine the role of nurses in this disaster response, including evacuation to shelters, and the challenges they faced, given the lack of previous training or experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses who were affected by the nuclear power plant accident, and qualitative content analysis was conducted.Results: The challenges of shelter activities included the experience of being rebuffed by residents affected in the same area and the need to manage the conflict between the positions of victims and supporters. In addition, it was shown that by building support among staff and relationships between staff and residents, they were able to continue their difficult shelter activities. Many nurses expressed interest in disaster nursing, as their experiences of supporting people in disasters and evacuation centers provided them with hints for their nursing practice, and they applied the lessons learned from their evacuation center activities to their future disaster response.Discussion: To improve staff management of trauma, suitable training should be provided during “normal” times to strengthen staff relationships; in addition, clinical and community nurses should be afforded opportunities to understand each other’s roles to support disaster response.
Exploring the Opportunities and Challenges of Female Health Leaders in Three Regional States of Ethiopia: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Muktar Sualiha Abdulkader , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Demissie Heran , Heyi Wubishet Kebede , Gurmamo Elias Mamo , Abebe Melkamu Getu , Mesele Mestawot Getachew , Argaw Mesele Damte 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Gender equity involves fairness in all aspects of life for women and men and is usually determined by social, political, economic, and cultural contexts. The proportion of female leaders in healthcare within the health sector is low. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences, opportunities, and challenges faced by women in their path towards becoming leaders within the health sector.Methods: This study was conducted using the phenomenological method of qualitative inquiry. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify six women leaders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted through telephone by the investigators. The qualitative data analysis was conducted parallel with data collection using steps of thematic analysis.Results: This study identified individual, societal, and organizational level opportunities and challenges that had an influence on the career paths of female health leaders in Ethiopia. The leadership positions were an opportunity in the career development of women who had long-term goals, were known for their empathy, and exercised wise use of resources. In addition, women who had the support of close family members and their peers are more likely to compete and rise to leadership positions. Furthermore, women who received organizational support in the form of affirmative action, training, development, and recognition also tended to rise to leadership positions. However, women who assumed leadership positions but whose day-to-day decision-making was influenced by their supervisors, those who had experienced sexual harassment, and those under the influence of societal norms were less likely to attain leadership positions.Conclusion: This study explored the opportunities and challenges of women leaders in the health sector in a low-income country. The findings highlight individual, social, organizational, and societal factors influencing the career development of women leaders. Therefore, enhancing the leadership capacity of women, and improving social and organizational support is recommended. In addition, addressing the low level of self-image among women and patriarchal societal norms at the community level is recommended.
Time Series Measurement Based on Multiscale High Order Entropy and Roughness Grain Exponents
Authors: Xu Meng , Shang Pengjian , Zhang Sheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In multiscale time series analysis, multiscale entropy provides a good framework to quantify the information of time series. Multiscale fractional high-order entropy based on roughness grain exponents (MFHER) is able to identify dynamical, scale dependent and oscillation information. In detail, MFHERcan be seen as a powerful tool to assess the complex characteristics of time series. A set of synthetic time series and an application of real world data financial series are researched. The results show that high order entropy performs well in distinguishing different time series. It has also been found fractional high order entropy is highly sensitive to parameter variation and thus provides a broad perspective to research the complexity of dynamic systems. This study gains an insight into the measurement of MFHER to demonstrate the wide applicability of entropy measures.Aiming at the complexity of network and the uncertainty of internal and external environment, this paper proposes MFHER to quantify the time series information on multiscale time scales. It is of great interests in identifying dynamical properties of nancial series. The results show that the volatility of the sequence is gradually stable when the scale is greater than four. High order entropy can identify the difference among the time series.
Hyposensitive canopy conductance renders ecosystems vulnerable to extreme droughts
Authors: Xu Hang , Zhang Zhiqiang , Oren Ram , Wu Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Increased drought intensity with rising atmospheric demand for water (hereafter VPD) increases the risk of tree mortality worldwide. Ecosystem-scale water-use strategy (WUSe), quantified here by canopy stomatal sensitivity to VPD (Sc), is increasingly recognized as a factor in drought-related ecosystem dysfunction. However, the links between Sc and ecosystem adaptation to and stability following droughts are poorly established. We examined how Sc regulates carbon sequestration, identifying ecosystems potentially susceptible to drought-induced mortality based on data from the global flux network, remote-sensing products, and plant functional-traits archive. We found that Sc is higher where ecosystem water availability is low in arid regions, reflecting conservative WUSe (i.e., hypersensitivity), but ecosystems of all regions converge on permissive WUSe (i.e., hyposensitivity) under ample water supply. During extreme droughts, hyposensitive and hypersensitive ecosystems achieved similar net ecosystem productivity employing considerably different structural-functional strategies. However, hyposensitive ecosystems, risking their hydraulic system with permissive WUSe, did not recover from extreme droughts as quickly. Models predicting current performance and future distributions of vegetation types should account for the greater vulnerability of hyposensitive ecosystems to intensifying atmospheric and soil drought.
Implementation and Findings On A One-Minute Sit-Stand Test for Prehospital Triage in Patients With Suspected COVID-19 - A Pilot Project
Authors: Kjerulff Julie Linding , Bach Allan , Væggemose Ulla , Skaarup Søren Helbo , Bøtker Morten Thingemann 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction:
During the initial Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave, sparse personal protection equipment made telephone triage of suscpeted COVID-19 patients for ambulance transport necessary. To spare resources, stable patients were often treated and released on-scene, but reports from Italy suggested that some later detoriated. We implemented a prehospital sit-stand test to identify patients in risk for detoriation.
Methods
The test was implemented as part of a new guideline in stable suspected COVID-19 patients younger than 70 years with no risk factors for serious disease triaged by general practitioners to ambulance response in the Central Denmark Region. Data were collected from April 6th to July 6th 2020. This was a two-part study evaluating guideline adherence and results of the sit-stand test. The primary outcome of each separate part was 1) the proportion of patients sit-stand tested before treat-and-released and 2) the proportion of patients treated with oxygen within 7 days among patients decompensating and not decompensation during the test.
Results
Data on 156 patients triaged to ambulance response by general practioners were analysed. In total 86/156 (55%) were tested with the sit-stand test, among these 30/86 (47%) were either older than 70 or had risk factors for serious disease. Of those treated and released, 50/52 (96%) were tested. In total, 17/86 (20%) decompensated during the test and of these, 9/17 (53%) were treated with oxygen compared to 2/69 (3%) in patients who did not decompensate (p < 0.001). This difference was only significant in the elderly group of patients with risk factors for serious disease. 10/156 (6%) of patients had a positive COVID-19-test.
Conclusion
The sit-stand test was implemented in 96% of patients treated and released on-scene, but was also used in elderly patients with risk factors for serious disease. Decompensation was observed in 20% of patients and was associated with oxygen treatment within 7 days – but only in the elderly group of patients with risk factors for serious disease. These findings are hypotheses-generating and suggest that physical exercise testing may be usefull for decision making in emergency settings.
Exosomal miR-224-5p from colorectal cancer cells promotes malignant transformation of human colon normal cells by promoting cell proliferation through downregulation of CMTM4
Authors: Wu Feng , Yang Jiani , Shang Guoyin , Zhang Zhijia , Niu Sijia , Liu Yang , Liu Hongru , Jing Jing , Fang Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Interactions between malignant cells and neighboring normal cells is important for carcinogenesis. In addition, cancer cell-derived exosomes have been shown to promote the malignant transformation of recipient cells, but the mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods

The level of miR-224-5p in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell-derived exosomes was determined by RT-qPCR assay. In addition, PKH26 dye-labeled exosomes were used to assess the efficacy of the transfer of exosomes between SW620 and CCD 841 CoN cells.
Results

In this study, we found that overexpression of miR-224-5p significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of SW620 cells. In addition, miR-224-5p can be transferred from SW620 cells to CCD 841 CoN cells via exosomes. SW620 cell-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-224-5p markedly promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of CCD 841 CoN cells. Meanwhile, SW620 cell-derived exosomal miR-224-5p notably decreased the expression of CMTM4 in CCD 841 CoN cells. Furthermore, SW620 cell-derived exosomal miR-224-5p significantly inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model in vivo.
Conclusion

These findings suggested that SW620 cell-derived exosomal miR-224-5p could promote malignant transformation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo via downregulation of CMTM4, suggesting that miR-224-5p might be a potential target for therapies in CRC.
Household Predictors of Malaria Episode in Northern Uganda: Its Implication for Future Malaria Control
Authors: Echodu Richard , Oyet William Sam , Iwiru Tereza , Apili Felister , Lutwama Julius Julian , Opiyo Elizabeth Auma , Otim Ochan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Uses of indoor residual spraying (IRS), long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINS) and treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) are greatly promoted in northern part of Uganda as mitigating strategies for malaria episodes. Unfortunately, the region still records the highest malaria prevalence of 63%. This study assesses household predicators of malaria in the region and their impact on malaria episodes at the household levels.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of Gulu, Oyam, Kitgum and Agago covering sixteen villages in northern Uganda. In total, 193 households were surveyed. Data was collected through pre-tested structured questionnaire and systematically coded for analysis using R software.Results:Women headed 58% of the 193 households surveyed. Six hundred and five (605) individuals were declared to have spent the previous night in these households. On average, there were two bed nets per household and 502 (86%) spent the night prior to interview under a bed net. Overall, malaria episodes were strongly related to lack of bed nets or lack of use thereof, and directly linked to the number of individuals in a household. Children were prone to malaria more than adults by a ratio of 2:1. When given a choice between insecticides (IRS) and treated bed nets, 1 in 3 households preferred treated bed nets. At the same time, data suggests that bed nets were perceived unnecessary once IRS was applied. If true, the driving force to spraying insecticides indoor then becomes lack of a bed net. Conclusions:Household predicators of incidence of malaria in northern Uganda includes bed nets, use of treated bed nets, and indoor residual spraying with households not practicing any of these bearing the heaviest burden of malaria. Hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) clusters households into four types in northern Uganda, 1) household that use bed nets and sleep in houses sprayed with insecticides; 2) households that use bed nets but no indoor residual spraying with insecticides; 3) households that have no bed nets and no indoor residual spraying; and 4) test bed nets before use. Malaria incidence was higher in children as compared to the adults.
The LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary protein complex promotes migration and invasion through the FAK/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xia Qiaoxi , Chen Mantong , Zhou Xiao , Bai Wenjing , Lin Ling , Zhao Yan , Ding Jiyu , Zheng Xiaoqi , Zou Haiying , Wang Shaohong , Xu Liyan , Li Enmin , Du Zepeng , Wu Bingli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

During tumor malignant development, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is usually abnormally regulated. Dysregulated expression of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) are associated with ECM remodeling. Nevertheless, the evidence of an LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 protein complex and its potential molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods

In this study, the LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary complex and their specific interaction domains were determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Next, biological functions of the complex were assessed by wound-healing, migration, invasion and MTS assays. Xenografts were applied to study the effect of the LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary complex on the tumor progression in vivo. Finally, the molecular mechanism of this ternary complex was explored by zymography, immunofluorescence, and fluorescent matrix degradation.
Results

Protein-protein interaction assays indicated LCN2 and LOXL2, and LCN2 and MMP9 both had intracellular and extracellular interactions, but the interaction between LOXL2 and MMP9 only occurred intracellularly. The LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary complex promoted migration and invasion of ESCC cells, as well as tumor growth and malignant progression in vivo, while the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM) inhibited ESCC tumor growth. Co-overexpression of LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 enhanced the ability of tumor cells to degrade fibronectin and Matrigel, increased the formation and extension of filopodia, promoted the rearrangement of microfilaments through upregulation of profilin 1. In addition, the LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary complex promoted the expression of SPOCK1, and abnormally activated the FAK/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway.
Conclusion

The LCN2/LOXL2/MMP9 ternary complex promotes the migration and invasion of cancer cells and malignant tumor progression through multiple mechanisms, which could be a potential therapeutic target.
Implementation of Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for Robot Manipulators with Integral Sliding Mode
Authors: Liu Linzhi , Zhang Liyin , Hou Yinlong , Tang Dafeng , Liu Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses an adaptive fault-tolerant tracking control for robot manipulators. By fully considering the effects of uncertainties and actuator effectiveness faults (UAEFs), a robust fault-tolerant tracking control combining with an auxiliary function and an integral sliding manifold is first developed for uncertain robot manipulators. Then, an adaptive law for unknown parameters of the upper bounded uncertainties is constructed to obtain a robust fault-tolerant approach with the elimination of the reaching phase of sliding mode control (SMC). The stability of the proposed approaches is accomplished by Lyapunov stable theory. The key contributions of the proposed approach are as follows: i) the reaching phase of SMC is removed in the control design and then the sliding mode starts at very beginning; (ii) the nominal control term is eliminated in the design of integral sliding surface and then the algebraic loop problem is also avoided in the proposed approach for robot manipulators; (iii) the simple control structure with an adaptive law is obtained for improving chattering-restraining ability of the proposed approach and then the effects of time delay and computational burden are also restrained from the proposed approach. Simulation and experimental comparisons have been accomplished for verifying the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
How is People's Awareness of “Biodiversity” Measured ?Using Sentiment Analysis and LDA Topic Modeling in the Twitter Discourse Space from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Ohtani Shimon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The importance of biodiversity conservation is gradually being recognized worldwide, and 2020 was the final year of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets formulated at the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP10) in 2010. Unfortunately, the majority of the targets were assessed as unachievable. While it is essential to measure public awareness of biodiversity when setting the post-2020 targets, it is also a difficult task to propose a method to do so. This study provides a diachronic exploration of the discourse on “biodiversity” from 2010 to 2020, using Twitter posts, in combination with sentiment analysis and topic modeling, which are commonly used in data science. Through the aggregation and comparison of n-grams, the visualization of eight types of emotional tendencies using the NRC emotion lexicon, the construction of topic models using Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), and the qualitative analysis of tweet texts based on these models, I was able to classify and analyze unstructured tweets in a meaningful way. The results revealed the evolution of words used with “biodiversity” on Twitter over the past decade, the emotional tendencies behind the contexts in which “biodiversity” has been used, and the approximate content of tweet texts that have constituted topics with distinctive characteristics. While the search for people's awareness through SNS analysis still has many limitations, it is undeniable that important suggestions can be obtained. In order to further refine the research method, it will be essential to improve the skills of analysts and accumulate research examples as well as to advance data science.
Effects of Exercise Training on Behavior and Brain Function after High Dose Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Damage
Authors: Tóth Kata , Oroszi Tamás , Zee Eddy A. , Nyakas Csaba , Schoemaker Regien G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Acute sympathetic stress can result in cardiac fibrosis, but may also lead to mental dysfunction. Exercise training after isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute sympathetic stress was investigated regarding cardiac damage, neuroinflammation, brain function and behavior. Male Wistar rats (12 months) received ISO or saline. One week later, treadmill running or control handling (sedentary) started. After four weeks, cognitive- and exploratory behavior were evaluated, and heart and brain tissues were analyzed regarding cardiac damage, hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal function. ISO did not affect cognitive performance nor hippocampal function. However, ISO reduced anxiety, coinciding with locally reduced microglia (processes) size in the hippocampus. Exercise in ISO rats reversed anxiety, did not affect microglia morphology, but increased brain function. Thus, exercise after ISO did not affect cardiac damage, cognition or hippocampal neuroinflammation, but normalized anxiety. Increased localized BDNF expression may indicate improved brain function.
Is Early Diagnosis of Foreign Body Aspiration Effective in Reducing Re-bronchoscopy in Children?
Authors: Mohammadi Mahya Sadat , Modaresi Mohammadreza , shirzadi rohola , Mirlohi Seyed Hossein , Yousefzadegan Sedigheh , Zargarzadeh Nikan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background:Flexible Fiber-optic Bronchoscopy (FFB) is a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for respiratory diseases and evaluation. One of its major advantages is in the diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration.Objectives:This study reports the indications, outcomes, and possible complications of FFB in patients suspected of foreign body aspiration diagnosis in the Iranian population.Methods:The data for this study was gathered from medical records of the patients in Children’s Medical Centre, which is a tertiary pediatric hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), from August 2015 to February 2021.Results:Of the 358 FFBs that were performed for patients suspected of foreign body aspiration diagnosis, major indications included choking (158, 44.13%), coughing (157, 43.58%), wheezing (34, 9.49%), and stridor (6, 1.67%). Nuts were the most common foreign body that was removed among airways in these patients (116, 65.16%). In 15 (4.18%) cases the foreign object was extracted via re-bronchoscopy. The location of 130 foreign objects was identified which right bronchus (52, 40%), left bronchus (38, 29.23%), trachea (8, 6.15%), and carina (6, 4.61%). In 358 procedures that were performed, a total of 27 cases (7.54%) developed complications include hypoxia and laryngospasm. The mean interval from the first sign of choking and the admission of the child into the hospital was 44.43 days ± 10.88 (range: 1 to 1095 days, 95% CI: 22.87-65.99). There was a significant association between later days of admission and the necessity for re-bronchoscopy according to the logistic regression test (p-value=0.012).Conclusion:Our results show that by early diagnosis and hospitalization and so performing flexible fiber-optic bronchoscopy in an earlier time than foreign body aspiration can increase the number of successful procedures.