bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Milk Leptin, Insulin and N6/N3 Fatty Acids are associated with Early Differences in Gut Microbiome of Infants Born to Normal Weight and Obese Mothers
Authors: Lemas Dominick , Young Bridget , Tomczik Angela , Hernandez Teri , DeLaHoussaye Becky , Robertson Charles , Rudolph Michael , Krebs Nancy , Santorico Stephanie , Barbour Linda , Frank Daniel , Friedman Jacob 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDObese mothers deliver offspring with greater risk of developing childhood obesity and the gut microbiome may be an important factor mediating this relationship during infancy.OBJECTIVEDetermine how exposure to human milk (HM) components are associated with the structure and function of infants' gut microbiome delivered to mothers with high vs. low pre‐pregnancy BMI.METHODSMicrobiota was determined from vaginally delivered exclusively breastfed full‐term infant stool samples using targeted 16S gene and whole‐genome shotgun sequencing. Insulin, leptin, total n‐6 and n‐3 fatty acids in fasting mid‐feed HM was measured by GC‐MS.RESULTSTaxa and metagenomes of the infant microbiome did not differ based on maternal BMI. HM insulin, leptin and n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio were positively associated (p<0.01) with maternal BMI. Adjusting for maternal BMI, HM leptin was associated with Firmicutes (p=0.03) and Flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis pathway (p=0.04). HM insulin was associated with Actinobacteria (p=0.02), leucine biosynthesis, lipid transport and metabolism (p<0.05). HM n‐6/n‐3 negatively associated with FAD (p=0.007) and Riboflavin biosynthesis (p=0.007).CONCLUSIONSInfant exposures to HM leptin, insulin, and n‐6/n‐3, all higher in mothers with high BMI, may influence the structure and function of the infant gut microbiota.
MMPs as Regulators of Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Werb Zena 
Published: June 2021

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc‐dependent endopeptidases with important functions in development, tissue injury and repair and cancer. In cancer MMPs pave the way for tumor cell invasion and metastasis through extracellular matrix degradation as well as with non‐protelytic functions. Due to their ability to cleave, degrade and rearrange ECM molecules, MMPs can modulate a variety of stem cell niches both normal and in neoplastic progression. Indeed, changes in the microenvironment such as overexpression of an MMP can alter the propensity of signaling pathways that promote stem cell expansion and alter neoplastic risk. The abilities of MMPs to influence differentiation processes may be hijacked in cancer. There are also several ways by which MMPs may be influence proliferation during development and also in the tumor microenvironment, since they can alter the bioavailability or functionality of multiple important growth regulating factors. MMPs contribute to tissue invasion based on their ability to cleave ECM and basement membrane components proteolytically, and thereby pave the way through the interstitium for invading tissues or cancer cells. However, not all MMP functions are pro‐cancer. MMP8 may protect from tumor progression. Thus use of inhibitors tthat are specific for particular MMPs, e.g,, antibodies may have promise in the long run therapeutically.Supported by grants from NCI
Strenuous exercise and quercetin intake stimulates aortic NFkB signaling
Authors: Mahini Halleh , Ainsworth Gregory , Garelnabi Mahdi 
Published: June 2021

NF‐kB belongs to a family of structurally related inducible transcription factors known to be activated in the vessel wall in atherosclerosis and other diseases NF‐kB activation is mediated by diverse extracellular signals including oxidized LDL, and inflammatory cytokines. In the current study we combined quercetin and exercise to examine the effect of the combination.Study Design and MethodsWe investigated the combination of exercise and quercetin intake in C57BL6 normal male mice fed normal mouse chow. Mice were divided into four groups. These groups are as follows: Control mice, left untreated; control quercetin group, orally supplied with 100 μg/day of quercetin without exercising; exercise group without quercetin, and exercise group with quercetin supplements. The exercise groups were run on a treadmill for 30 minutes, 30m/m/ 5 days/week for 60 days. At the end of the study, mice were sacrificed tissues such as the aorta, adipose and livers were collected for gene expressions for genes associated with NFkB signaling, inflammation, and lipoprotein metabolism were analyze.Results and DiscussionNFkB mRNA levels was significantly (P<0.05) upregulated with the combination of exercise and quercetin intake, however on the other hand exercise or quercetin intake alone have resulted in significant (P<0.05) down regulation of its mRNA levels.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that quercetin intake with exercise modulate NFkB signaling and its associated genes.
Maternal obesity alters gut microbial ecology in offspring of NOD mice
Authors: Zhu Meijun , Kang Yifei , Du Min 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundGut microbiota (GM) are increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of T1D. High Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes (B/F) is associated with the development of T1D. Previously we reported that maternal obesity (MO) increases the incidence of T1D in the offspring of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, and the current study investigated the possible link of GM to the exaggerated insulitis in offspring due to MO. Methods: 4‐wk‐old female NOD mice were fed either a control or a high fat diet for 8 weeks before mating. Mice were maintained in their respective diets during pregnancy and lactation. All offspring were fed the control diet to 16‐wk‐old.ResultsPyrosequencing examination revealed that GM of offspring born to obese mothers was distinct from those of control mothers. At phylum level, MO increased Bacteroidetes, Defferibacteres and Proteobacteria, while decreased Firmicutes in offspring GM, resulting in increased B/F ratio in GM of obese offspring. Family level analysis indicated that GM of offspring from obese mothers had increased levels of Deferribacteraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Helicobacteraceaev, and Porphyromonadaceae. Reciprocally, the abundance of Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae‐Ruminococcaceae were decreased in offspring from obese mothers. The analysis at the genus level revealed that Bacteriodes, Barnesiella, Desulfovibrio and Mucispirillum were more abundance, while Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa, Dorea and Osillibacter were less abundance in offspring of obese mothers.ConclusionMO resulted in a dysbiosis in offspring, suggesting a GM‐mediated mechanism on diabetogenesis by MO (NIH R15HD073864).
PARADOXICAL ROLES OF PARP‐1 IN COLON INFLAMMATION AND TUMORIGENESIS
Authors: Tarhuni Abdelmetalab , Errami Youssef , El‐Bahrawy Ali , Al Khami Amir , Naura Amarjit , Brim Hassan , Ashktorab Hassan , Rodriguez Paulo , Ochoa Augusto , Boulares Hamid 
Published: June 2021

Important causes of colon cancer in humans are chronic colon inflammation and the accumulation of mutations. PARP‐1 is involved in genomic stability and inflammatory processes, which are anti‐ and pro‐cancer phenomenon, respectively. We investigated these opposing roles of PARP‐1 in colon carcinogenesis using different models of the disease. Our results show that partial PARP‐1 inhibition by gene heterozygosity conferred a significant protection against ApcMin‐driven intestinal tumor burden. Surprisingly, complete PARP‐1 gene knockout not only did not protect against ApcMin‐driven intestinal tumorigenesis, it actually increased the tumor burden in mice. Inhibition of PARP by a low dose (5mg/kg) of olaparib (an inhibitor used in clinical trials) reduced moderately (although not statistically significant) the tumor burden; however, a higher dose (25 mg/kg) aggravated the tumor burden in ApcMin mice. These opposing outcomes occurred despite the anti‐inflammatory effects provided by either genetic or pharmacological PARP inhibition (assessed by ICAM, INOS, and TNF levels). Interestingly, in the carcinogen/inflammation model, both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PARP reduced tumor burden in treated mice. In the xenograft model, PARP‐1 gene knockout reduced the size of MCA‐38‐generated tumors demonstrating, potentially, a role for PARP‐1 in the host response to tumor development. Our results demonstrate a complexity in the role of PARP‐1 in colon tumorigenesis and that its paradoxical role in such process should be carefully considered prior to using its inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against colon cancerFunds: ACS and NIH
Effectiveness of a multicomponent environmental intervention on adiposity and behavioural measures in middle school adolescents: a randomized school‐based controlled study
Authors: corsi romanelli massimiliano marco , ermetici federica , briganti silvia , zelaschi roberta , dozio elena , morricone lelio , malavazos Alexis 
Published: June 2021

In the present study 487 adolescents (11‐15 years) were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent a 2 school‐years intervention including school environment changes (alternative healthy vending machines, educational posters) and reinforcement tools (school curriculum lessons, textbook, text messages, pedometers, reusable water bottles). BMI z‐score and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) were measured.A decrease in BMI z‐score was found as an effect of the intervention (between‐group difference in change from baseline ‐0.09±0.04, p=0.03), mainly in overweight/obese subjects (‐0.17±0.05, p<0.001). WHtR decreased in the experimental, as compared with the control group (between‐group difference in change ‐0.038±0.002, p<0.001; overweight/obese subgroup ‐0.047±0.004, p<0.001). An increase in physical activity as well as a decrease in sugar‐sweetened beverages and high‐energy snacks consumption was found in both normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents as an effect of the intervention.Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention including school environment changes and individual reinforcement tools at reducing adiposity and improving physical activity‐related and diet‐related behaviours in adolescents.
INTEGRATING NUTRITION IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES: AN EXAMPLE FROM SUAAHARA PROGRAM NEPAL
Authors: Neupane Bishow 
Published: June 2021

Study Objectives:This abstract presents the multi sector nutrition approach of integrating nutrition through the local governance structures at the district and village level and mobilization of these groups to commit resources to ensure the sustainability of integrated nutrition activities to support 1,000 days families.Methods:Suaahara worked closely with National Planning Commission Ministry of Health and Population, Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Agriculture Nepal and Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development for envision especially the planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation. Suaahara facilitated to establish Nutrition and Food Security Steering Committees in 20 project districts and 884 VDC level Committee in 884 Village Development Committee (VDC) out of 955 VDC of 20 districts.Suaahara mobilized district, Village Development Committee (VDC), Ward Citizen Forum (WCF), Citizen Awareness Centers (CAC) community based groups, forums and households to generate awareness and advocate about the importance of nutrition, provision of VDC block grants for women and disadvantaged communities to increase their access to the grant for integrated nutritional programs. This evidence has been taken through the revision of district and VDC planning documents, meeting minute's revision, key informant interviews with VDC Secretaries and Local Development Officers and implementation of VDC block grants utilization in 20 program implemented districts.imageResults:Due to these joint efforts in social mobilization and governance activities by political stakeholders at the district and village level, 13 districts (142 VDCs) allocated a budget for integrated nutrition activities from their respective VDC block grant fund. The total allocated amount was $128,906 for 2014/ 2015. Of these funds $105,794.00 already used for the implementation of several integrated nutrition activities targeting 1,000 days mothers and their child. As a result more than 10,000 pregnant women and children under 2 years have benefited from the block grant. It ensures governance for improving nutrition outcomes in Nepal, through the active involvement of local government structure, development actors, donors, civil society and the private sector in sustaining political commitments.ConclusionIntegration, coordination, collaboration, and Implementation action of nutrition measures at all levels; districts and local community are expected to play an increasingly important role, which includes directly assisting communities and grass roots groups with identifying their priorities and implementing corresponding actions and achieving expected results.
Evaluation of dietary behavior and nutrient intake in patients with Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Liang Hui , Sun Xue , Ma Aiguo , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study is aim to know the dietary behaviour, food variety and nutrients intake in patients with Tourette Syndrome. Forty‐eight patients with TS were enrolled in this survey. Their dietary intake within 24 hours and dietary behaviors were surveyed and analyzed. In the respect of dietary behavior, 87.50% patients had three meals every day and 87.50% patients had four meals every day, 60.00% patients liked snacks, and 55.36% patients ingested less food owing to snacks. The total energy intake of the patients was low compared to the energy recommended. 52.25% TS patients had low levels of protein intake compared to recommended nutrient intake. And the ratio of carbohydrate and fat were inappropriate. The intake of calcium, zinc, retinal, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin C were low compared with the intake recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society, and their NAR were 0.37, 0.71, 0.68, 0.78, 0.67 and 0.78 respectively. The vitamin E was high compared with the intake recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society, and their NAR was 1.23. The mean of DDS was (5.21±1.18). These results indicated that patients with TS had some bad dietary behaviour needed to abandon. The nutritional intake of patients with TS was unbalanced.Nutritional dietary guildline based on TS patients should be formulated and the guardian of TS patients offer balanced diet in order to ensure TS patients get adequate nutrition.
Relationship Between Intestinal Microbiota and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Early Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Bard Jean‐Marie , Luu Huyen Trang , Dravet Francois , Michel Catherine , Moyon Thomas , Pagniez Anthony , Nazih Hassan , Bobin‐Dubigeon Christine 
Published: June 2021

Gut microbiota is involved in numerous physiopathological situations including cancers. Our objective is to evaluate the relationship between the composition of microbiota and the clinicobiological characteristics of patients with breast cancer. Clinical data and faeces from 32 patients with early stage breast cancer were collected, before any therapeutic intervention. Bacterial DNA extracted from faeces was amplified by PCR targeting 16S rRNA gene sequences specific to different bacterial phyla. Expression was compared in groups of patients defined by clinical stages of the disease as well as BMI. Most patients suffered of invasive ductal (81%), clinical stage 0 (46.9%), with histological grading II (62.5 %), ER/PgR (80%) and HER2 (15%). About 28.1 % and 12.5 % of patients were overweight and/or obese, respectively. Significant differences were observed for absolute numbers of total bacteria and for some studied bacterial groups (F prausnitzii, Firmicutes, Blautia and Egerthella) according to BMI. Compared with patients with grade I (n=5), patients with grade III (n=7) had increased absolute numbers of Blautia sp. (9.8±0.2 vs 9.5 ± 0.2 log copies.g‐1, p=0.048), for example. Furthermore, absolute numbers of Bifidobacterium and Blautia, and proportions of F Prausnitzii and Blautia, were significanly different according to clinical stages. Our study highlighted that, in these patients, intestinal microbiota composition differs according to clinical characteristics and BMI. These results should be confirmed to clarify the link between breast cancer and intestinal microbiota.
Characterization of Serum and Urinary Zearalenone and its Metabolites (Z) and its Association with Dietary Intake
Authors: Mauro Tara , Buckley Brian , Schneider Stephen , Pop Claudia , Liu Min , Chang Brian , Shapses Sue 
Published: June 2021

The environmental estrogen, zearalenone (ZEA), is found in the food supply from Fusarium contamination in grains and zeranol is sometimes used as a growth promoter in beef cattle. Circulating concentrations of Z metabolites [ZEA, a‐zearalenol, zeranol, b‐zearalenol, b‐zearalanol and zearalanone] have not been previously examined in adults and could have an estrogenic effect. Our goal was to characterize the free and total Z metabolite concentrations in human serum and fasting urine samples.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis in 48 women (31‐65 years, body mass index of 25 ± 5 kg/m2). We used HPLC/MS/MS to analyze for Z metabolites and a 24‐hour food diary to assess intake.ResultsThe total (free and conjugated) Z metabolite concentration (pg/mL) was 4.34 ± 0.372x104 for urine (corrected for specific gravity) and 1.26 ± 0.875x103 for serum. The detection of urinary Z metabolites ranged from 13‐88% for free and 46‐100% for total metabolites. In serum, detection ranged from 2‐92% and 17‐100% for free and total, respectively. ZEA showed the highest detection rate of all the Z metabolites. We also examined within subject variability and found consistent values 6 weeks apart in 3 subjects. Women with highest vs lowest meat intake (10‐17 oz/d vs 0‐4 oz/d) had higher total serum Z metabolite concentrations (2.03 ± 0.930x103) compared to those with low intakes (1.09 ± 0.840x103) (p<0.05).ConclusionThere is a wide range of Z metabolites present in the serum and urine and total serum concentrations are associated with meat intake. Support:NIEHS P30ES005022 (Shapses/Buckley).
Diverse Career Opportunities for Scientists
Authors: Coughlin Bridget 
Published: June 2021

Bridget Coughlin, PhD, is vice president of strategic partnerships and programs and adjunct curator at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. Bridget is responsible for the Museum's strategic fundraising and membership activities as well as overseeing a diverse array of innovative and engaging education programs. In this regard, Coughlin works collaboratively with dozens of individuals and organizations to ensure the Museum is financially sound and sustainable for generations to come. Her passion is creating engaging museum experiences that bring out everyone's inner scientist. Coughlin joined the Museum in 2005 after working for five years at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C. At the Museum, she served as the curator and science advisor on the team that conceived, designed, and built the award‐winning exhibition, Expedition Health. She holds a bachelor of arts from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, and a doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Iowa Howard Hughes Medical Institute.Coughlin will present on the decisions and opportunities she has pursued in her career. She will share advice for mentoring students to broaden the pathways that scientists can pursue in their careers.
Evolution of the iron‐containing alcohol dehydrogenase in animals
Authors: Gaona‐López Carlos , Julián‐Sánchez Adriana , Riveros‐Rosas Héctor 
Published: June 2021

Iron‐containing alcohol dehydrogenases (Fe‐ADH) were initially found only in microorganisms. These enzymes catalyze different reactions, all of them assorted as dehydrogenases‐reductases. Later, a Fe‐ADH was discovered in humans and animals. This Fe‐ADH has been characterized in rats and humans displaying activity as a hydroxyacid‐oxoacid transhydrogenase (HOT), however, its metabolic role is not completely understood. The aim of our study was obtain insights to understand how an ancient iron‐containing dehydrogenase/reductase was converted into a HOT in animals. Our study included an exhaustive bioinformatic analysis that comprise structural, phylogenetic and synteny analyses, as well as intracellular location prediction and positive selection analysis.Fe‐ADH sequence analysis in animals showed that these enzymes possess three amino acids insertion, probably related to the new HOT function developed by these enzymes, since these insertion are absent in other non‐eukaryotic Fe‐ADHs. Phylogenetic analysis results suggest that animal Fe‐ADH comprise a monophyletic group (with a high bootstrap support), that originated before the fungi/animal split. Fe‐ADH in animals, without exceptions, corresponds to a single‐copy gene, in spite of the several whole genome duplications that took place during the evolution of vertebrates. Subcellular predictions, as well as experimental data, show that all animal Fe‐ADH are mitochondrial, and synteny analysis shows that the genomic context of Adhfe1 gene is highly conserved only in vertebrates. Finally, positive selection analysis shows that 32 residues from animal Fe‐ADH are subjected to selection.Supported by DGAPA‐UNAM grant IN216513
Pregnancy Outcome and Breastfeeding Pattern among Vegans, Vegetarians and Non‐vegetarians
Authors: Pawlak Roman , Ding Qin , Savyanhadi Marta 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo assess prevalence of low birth weight among infants born to women in different diet groups and to evaluate pattern of breastfeeding.DesignMean birth weight and prevalence of low birth weight (<2500g) was assessed among infants born to vegan, vegetarian and non‐vegetarian women. Also, mean length of breastfeeding was assessed for individuals in each of the diet groups.SubjectsParticipants included members of the Seventh‐Day Adventist Church and individuals who were members of a web‐based vegan forum.ResultsThe mean birth weight by diet group but was not statistically significant (3.54, 3.38 and 3.32kg, for vegan (n = 47), vegetarian (n = 199) and non‐vegetarian (n = 350), respectively, (p = 0.255). Low birth weight was reported in 0, 4.7, and 7.1% in vegan, vegetarian and non‐vegetarian diet group, respectively (p = 0.127). The mean (SD) length of breastfeeding was 12.8 (10.2), 8.6 (6.9) and 6.6 (8.6) months, for vegan, vegetarian and non‐vegetarian mothers, respectively (p = 0.000). Higher percentage of vegan mothers breastfeed their children at initiation, 6‐months and 12‐month period, followed by vegetarian and non‐vegetarian mothers, statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001).imageimageConclusionsAlthough the difference was not statistically significant, children born to women who adhere to a vegan diet during pregnancy were reported to have lower prevalence of low birth weight compared to children born to vegetarian and non‐vegetarian women. Vegan women have higher percentage of breastfeeding in all stages of infancy compared to vegetarian and non‐vegetarian women.