bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollination and fitness of a hawkmoth-pollinated plant are related to light pollution and tree cover
Authors: Bariles Julieta Belén , Cocucci Andrea A , Soteras Florencia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Urbanization results in biodiversity-damaging land use change since it is normally associated with reduced vegetation cover and installation of artificial lights. Light pollution raises illumination levels of night skies and affects the behaviour of hawkmoths and their interactions with plants. In addition to feeding on flowers, adult hawkmoths require adequate daytime resting sites and specific host plants on which their caterpillars can feed. In this study, we assessed the relationships of light pollution and tree cover with pollen load and plant fitness of Erythrostemon gilliesii, a legume native to Argentina which exclusively depends on pollination by long-proboscid hawkmoths. We determined stigmatic pollen load, and seed and fruit set at six sites in Central Argentina. Plants growing in sites with highest light pollution and lowest tree cover received the least pollen loads on their stigmas. Where tree cover was lowest, germinated pollen load and plant fitness were lowest, even where light pollution was low. We found that light pollution together with tree cover may affect pollination, thus indirectly influencing the fitness of nocturnally pollinated plants. However, the indirect influence of light pollution on plant fitness may be dependent on the conservation status of neighbouring natural habitats, since in low light-polluted sites, tree cover seems to be the major factor influencing plant fitness.
Role of clinical and CT findings in the identification of adult small-bowel intussusception requiring surgical intervention
Authors: Dollinger M , Bäumler W , Brunner S M , Stroszczynski C , Georgieva M , Müller K , Schicho A , Müller-Wille R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
In adults, intussusception has been considered traditionally to have an underlying aetiology. The aim of this study was to determine CT and clinical features of small-bowel intussusceptions that required surgical intervention.

Methods
Adult patients were identified in whom small-bowel intussusceptions were noted on CT images. The appearance, number, type (enteroenteric versus enterocolic), length and maximum short-axis diameter of intussusceptions, and presence of bowel obstruction (short-axis diameter of proximal small bowel greater than 3 cm) were analysed. The outcome was defined as surgical (complicated) or self-limiting (uncomplicated). Associations between complicated and uncomplicated intussusceptions and patient characteristics were investigated.

Results
Among 75 patients (56 male) with a mean age of 45 years, 103 intussusceptions were identified, of which 98 (95 per cent) were enteroenteric and 5 (5 per cent) enterocolic. Only 12 of 103 intussusceptions (12 per cent) in 12 of 75 (16 per cent) patients required surgical therapy and were considered to be complicated, with half of these having a neoplastic lead point. Length (P &lt; 0.001), diameter (P &lt; 0.001) and type (P = 0.002) of intussusception as well as presence of vessels (P = 0.023) within an intussusception on a CT scan, clinical symptoms (P = 0.007) and signs of bowel obstruction (P &lt; 0.001) were associated with a surgical outcome.

Conclusion
Clinical symptoms, signs of bowel obstruction, type and length of intussusception, and a visible tumour within an intussusception on CT scan were critical signs of complicated intussusception, requiring surgical intervention.
CD4+ T-Cell Count at Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in the “Treat-All” Era in Rural South Africa: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Yapa H Manisha , Kim Hae-Young , Petoumenos Kathy , Post Frank A , Jiamsakul Awachana , De Neve Jan-Walter , Tanser Frank , Iwuji Collins , Baisley Kathy , Shahmanesh Maryam , Pillay Deenan , Siedner Mark J , Bärnighausen Till , Bor Jacob 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
South Africa implemented universal test and treat (UTT) in September 2016 in an effort to encourage earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods
We therefore conducted an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess the impact of UTT on mean CD4 count at ART initiation among adults aged ≥16 years attending 17 public sector primary care clinics in rural South Africa, between July 2014 and March 2019.

Results
Among 20 599 individuals (69% women), CD4 counts were available for 74%. Mean CD4 at ART initiation increased from 317.1 cells/μL (95% confidence interval [CI], 308.6 to 325.6) 1 to 8 months prior to UTT to 421.0 cells/μL (95% CI, 413.0 to 429.0) 1 to 12 months after UTT, including an immediate increase of 124.2 cells/μL (95% CI, 102.2 to 146.1). However, mean CD4 count subsequently fell to 389.5 cells/μL (95% CI, 381.8 to 397.1) 13 to 30 months after UTT but remained above pre-UTT levels. Men initiated ART at lower CD4 counts than women (–118.2 cells/μL, 95% CI, –125.5 to –111.0) throughout the study.

Conclusions
Although UTT led to an immediate increase in CD4 count at ART initiation in this rural community, the long-term effects were modest. More efforts are needed to increase initiation of ART early in those living with human immunodeficiency virus, particularly men.
LINPS: a database for cancer-cell-specific perturbations of biological networks
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud , Kim Deok Ryong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Screening for potential cancer therapies using existing large datasets of drug perturbations requires expertise and resources not available to all. This is often a barrier for lab scientists to tap into these valuable resources. To address these issues, one can take advantage of prior knowledge especially those coded in standard formats such as causal biological networks (CBN). Large datasets can be converted into appropriate structures, analyzed once and the results made freely available in easy-to-use formats. We used the Library of Integrated Cellular Signatures to model the cell-specific effect of hundreds of drug treatments on gene expression. These signatures were then used to predict the effect of the treatments on several CBN using the network perturbation amplitudes analysis. We packaged the pre-computed scores in a database with an interactive web interface. The intuitive user-friendly interface can be used to query the database for drug perturbations and quantify their effect on multiple key biological functions in cancer cell lines. In addition to describing the process of building the database and the interface, we provide a realistic use case to explain how to use and interpret the results. To sum, we pre-computed cancer-cell-specific perturbation amplitudes of several biological networks and made the output available in a database with an interactive web interface.
Database URL https://mahshaaban.shinyapps.io/LINPSAPP/
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Clinical, Endoscopic, Histological and Safety Placebo Rates in Induction and Maintenance Trials of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Sedano Rocio , Hogan Malcolm , Nguyen Tran M , Chang Joshua , Zou G Y , Macdonald John K , Vande Casteele Niels , Hanzel Jurij , Crowley Eileen , Battat Robert , Dulai Parambir S , Singh Siddharth , D’Haens Geert , Sandborn William , Feagan Brian G , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Quantifying placebo rates and the factors influencing them are essential to inform trial design. We provide a contemporary summary of clinical, endoscopic, histological and safety placebo rates in induction and maintenance clinical trials of ulcerative colitis, and identify factors influencing them.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were searched from April 2014 to April 2020, updating a prior meta-analysis that searched from inception to April 2014. We included placebo-controlled trials of aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressives, small-molecules and biologics in adults with ulcerative colitis. Placebo rates were pooled using random-effects and mixed-effects meta-regression models to assess the associated study-level.

Results
In 119 trials [92 induction, 27 maintenance] clinical, endoscopic and histological remission placebo rates for induction trials were 11% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9–13%), 19% [95% CI 15–23%] and 15% [95% CI 11–19%], respectively; for maintenance trials, clinical and endoscopic placebo remission rates were 18% [95% CI 12–25%] and 20% [95% CI 15–25%], respectively. Higher endoscopic subscore and a higher rate of exposure to prior biologic therapy at enrolment were associated with lower clinical and endoscopic placebo remission rates. Absence of central reading was associated with an increase in placebo endoscopic response and remission rates. More follow-up visits and increasing trial duration were associated with higher clinical placebo rates.

Conclusions
Placebo rates in ulcerative colitis trials vary according to the endpoint assessed, whether it is for assessment of response or remission, and whether the trial is designed for induction or maintenance. These contemporary rates across different endpoints and drug classes will help to inform trial design.
Cross-Class Embeddedness through Family Ties and Support for Income Redistribution
Authors: Paskov Marii , Weisstanner David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is long-standing evidence within the literature of class cleavages in social policy preferences. We re-evaluate class cleavages in support for redistribution by specifically focusing on the role played by cross-class embeddedness: the idea that individuals can be embedded in multiple social classes through family ties. Stronger affinity to the working class is hypothesized to be associated with stronger support for redistribution. We construct a harmonized measure of cross-class embeddedness combining information on social class positions for individuals, their parents, and their partner. The results demonstrate that cross-class embeddedness is highly common in the European context and linear probability models show that it is robustly associated with support for redistribution. Individuals who have more ties with the working classes are more supportive of redistribution and the effect is somewhat stronger for women than for men. Cross-class embeddedness through close family ties accounts for substantial heterogeneity within the upper classes. We conclude that family needs to be recognized as the unit of stratification that influences material interests and as a context of socialization that likely shapes solidarity. Cross-class embeddedness through family ties is thus important to consider in any analysis of social policy preferences.
Diet variety mediates the effect of appetite on dietary nutritional insufficiency in patients with heart failure
Authors: Andreae C , Lennie TA , Chung ML 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Institutes of Health R01 NR 009280 & P20 NR 010679

Background
Poor appetite is commonly reported in patients with heart failure, which may lead to a diet with limited food variety. Limited food variety, in turn, can result in dietary nutritional insufficiencies.

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to determine whether the relationship between appetite and dietary nutritional insufficiencies was mediated through diet variety.

Methods
In this secondary analysis, patients with heart failure rated appetite on a 10-point visual analog scale from 1 to 10. Nutritional insufficiency and diet variety were assessed by a four-day food diary analyzed by Nutrition Data Systems. Nutrition insufficiency was defined as the total number of 18 minerals and vitamins that were insufficient in the diet. Diet variety was calculated as the number of 23 food types consumed over the 4 days. A mediation analysis was conducted controlling for age, gender, New York Heart Association (NYHA), and body mass index using the PROCESS v3.5 macro program with 5,000 bootstrap samples in SPSS.

Results
A total of 238 patients (mean age 61, SD = 12; male n = 164, 69%; NYHA III/IV, n = 107, 45%) were included. The mean body mass index was 30 kg/m2 (SD = 7). The mean appetite score was 7.5 (SD = 2.3). The mean number of micronutrient insufficiencies was 4.7 (SD = 3.5), and the mean diet variety score was 12.4 (SD = 2.6). Appetite was not directly associated with nutrition insufficiency (effect = -.1802; 95% CI = -.3715, .0111) controlling co-variates. However, there was a significant indirect effect of appetite on nutrition insufficiency through diet variety controlling for covariates (effect = -.0828: 95% CI = -.1585, -.0150).

Conclusions
Diet variety mediated the association between appetite and dietary micronutrient insufficiency in patients with heart failure. The findings suggest that dietary intervention aimed at increasing patients’ appetite may increase diet variety and enhance the nutritional quality of diets of patients with heart failure.
Treatment target achievement after myocardial infarction: cardiovascular risk factors, medication use and lifestyle in Norwegian women and men
Authors: Hopstock L , Morseth B , Cook S , Eggen AE , Grimgsgaard S , Lundblad MW , Lochen ML , Mathiesen EB , Nilsen A , Njolstad I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Although the use of guidelines in clinical practice is emphasised, large multi-center studies of patients with cardiovascular disease have shown secondary prevention to be suboptimal, which increase the risk of recurrent events.

Purpose
To examine ESC guideline treatment target achievement after myocardial infarction for cardiovascular risk factors, medication use and a broad range of lifestyle factors in women and men from a Norwegian general population.

Methods
In a population-based study conducted 2015-2016 (65% attendance), 637 participants 40-95 years (23% women, 70% ≥65 years) had validated myocardial infarction. Cross-sectionally, we investigated target achievement for blood pressure (&lt;140/90 mmHg, &lt;130/80 mmHg if diabetes), LDL cholesterol (&lt;1.8 mmol/L), HbA1c (&lt;7.0% if diabetes), weight (body mass index (BMI) &lt;25 kg/m2, waist circumference (women &lt;80 cm, men &lt;94 cm)), smoking (non-smoking), physical activity (self-reported &gt;sedentary, accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous ≥150 min/week), diet (intake of fruits ≥200 g/day, vegetables ≥200 g/day, fish ≥200 g/week, saturated fat &lt;10E%, fiber ≥30g/day, and alcohol (women ≤10 g/day, men ≤20 g/day)), and medication use (antihypertensives, lipid-lowering drugs, antithrombotics, antidiabetics) using regression models.

Results
Proportion of target achievement was for blood pressure 55.8%, LDL cholesterol 9.3%, HbA1c 42.7%, BMI 19.5%, waist circumference 15.6%, non-smoking 86.2%, self-reported physical activity 79.5%, objectively measured physical activity 9.1%, intake of fruits 66.7%, vegetables 38.4%, fish 96.8%, saturated fat 25.4%, fiber 29.5%, and alcohol 78.5%, use of antidiabetics 84.3%, lipid-lowering drugs 86.8%, antihypertensives 78.5% and antithrombotics 77.9%. In total, 0.8% achieved all cardiovascular risk factor targets (blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, BMI and waist circumference combined). Compared to men, a lower proportion of women achieved the target for waist circumference (6.9% vs 18.1%, p = 0.002). Compared to participants 65 years or older, a higher proportion of those 40-64 years achieved the target for blood pressure (71.2% vs 49.0%, p &lt; 0.001), and a lower proportion achieved the target for BMI (15.3 vs 21.4, p = 0.007).

Conclusion
Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction was suboptimal in both women and men. A negligible proportion achieved the treatment target for all risk factors. Improvement in follow-up care after myocardial infarction is needed.
Impact of a program based in eating habits and physiotherapy on anthropometric parameters in patients with coronary artery disease: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Munoz-Gomez E , Sempere-Rubio N , Blesa J , Iglesias P , Mico L , Sanchez-Torrijos J , Girbes V , Soriano JM , Espi-Lopez GV , Marques-Sule E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction. On the one hand, physical training such as High intensity interval training (HIIT) and on the other, eating habits, it is often prescribed to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Nevertheless, the combination of HIIT and eating habits in CAD with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) there is no consensus on using a combined protocol of both.
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an HIIT program with eating habits, with a program based in HIIT, on anthropometric parameters in CAD patients with PCI.
Methods. A randomized controlled trial was carried out in a hospital. 44 patients with CAD and PCI were recruited. All participants signed an informed consent. Patients were randomly allocated to a HIIT group (HIIT, n = 22, 81.8% men, 62.05 ± 4.9 years) or to a Dietary education and HIIT (DEHIIT) group (n = 22, 81.8% men, 60.2 ± 5.6 years). HIIT consisted of a 3-month physiotherapy program, twice a week for one hour, at 85-95% peak heart rate. DEHIIT consisted of a multidisciplinary program, including the same HIIT program explained, plus eating habits. Body composition (weight, BMI, % body fat, % visceral fat, muscle mass) and waist circumference, hip circumference and Waste-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) were evaluated at baseline and at week 12.
Results. At the end of the program, DEHIIT significantly decreased all anthropometrics parameters except muscle mass. The following parameters decreased: weight (p ≤ 0.001), BMI (p ≤ 0.001), body fat (p ≤ 0.001), visceral fat (p ≤ 0.001), waist circumference (p ≤ 0.001), hip circumference (p = 0.043) and WHR (p ≤ 0.001). Instead, the muscle mass increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001). When comparing between groups, DEHIIT did not show significant differences weight (p = 0.575), BMI (p = 0.404), % body fat (p = 0.217), muscle mass (p = 0.508), waist circumference (p = 0.165), hip circumference (p = 0.307), WHR (p = 0.379), except for presenting less visceral fat (p = 0.040) than HIIT.

Conclusions
HIIT programme with eating habits reducing visceral fat in CAD patients with PCI compared to a HIIT-only program.
Research on energy control of low voltage PV storage microgrid
Authors: Liu Qing , Shan Yichao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy sources cannot guarantee long-term and stable output supply when they are given energy consumption at the load end. At the same time, traditional solar and utility power supply systems cannot guarantee the priority of using solar energy to generate electricity, which has certain limitations. In this regard, an energy control strategy for achieving smooth and no backflow switching and prioritizing the use of clean energy solar energy under a joint power supply system of a solar power grid and a municipal power grid is proposed, which is used for a conventional combined power supply system of a contactor switching circuit. A topology of low voltage power grid is proposed, which effectively reduces the impact on the solar power grid and the municipal power grid during the system switching process combined control mode for controlling the current phase and repetitive control at the output end of the solar power grid in the combined power supply mode, and adding a feedforward control method for the grid voltage is adopted to ensure that the solar grid and the municipal power prioritize the use of clean energy solar energy and, at the same time, ensure the maximum utilization of solar energy. This paper chose the combined power supply system with the solar power grid and the municipal power grid as the object of this research. The topology structure and controlling strategy of the power supply system were comprehensively and deeply researched, and on this basis, the combined power supply system prototype was designed on the foundation of DSP28335 and CPLD. Moreover, hardware parameters are designed in the system, and an energy management optimization algorithm based on the system is developed on the corresponding experimental platform. The experimental results show that the proposed energy control strategy can effectively reduce the impact on the solar power grid and the municipal power grid during the system switching process, ensure that the solar power grid and the municipal power grid have no backflow combined power supply and give priority to the use of clean energy solar energy.
Investigation of the effective application of marine design concept in green ecological residential indoor environment design
Authors: Yuan Gao , Sharma Shubham , Arjmand Jamal Tabe , Issakhov Alibek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs people’s living standards are high, the interior design requirements for green ecological residences are increasing. Based on this, the effective application of marine design concept in the design of green ecological residential indoor environment is studied. Firstly, the basic application elements of the marine design concept are analysed, so that under the guidance of the concept of marine design, the optimal design model of the green ecological residential indoor environment is constructed. Through relevant algorithms, the influencing factors of the concept of marine design in the effective application of green ecological residential indoor environment design are tested. The experimental results show that the marine design concept is affected by economic and environmental factors. At the same time , this concept can also be effectively applied to the optimal design of indoor environment of green ecological residence. Ocean design concept is effectively applied in the interior environment design of green ecological residence, which improves people’s living standard.
An Explicit Geometric Langlands Correspondence for the Projective Line Minus Four Points
Authors: uit de Bos Niels 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the tamely ramified geometric Langlands correspondence for ${\operatorname{GL}}_2$ on $ {\textbf{P}}_{ {\textbf{F}}_q}^1$, where $q$ is a prime power, with tame ramification at four distinct points $D = \{\infty , 0,1, t\} \subset {\textbf{P}}^1( {\textbf{F}}_q)$. We describe in an explicit way (1) the action of the Hecke operators on a basis of the space of cusp forms (Theorem 7.3) and (2) the correspondence that assigns to a pure irreducible rank 2 local system $E$ on $ {\textbf{P}}^1 \setminus D$ with unipotent monodromy its Hecke eigensheaf ${\operatorname{Aut}}_E$ on the moduli space ${\operatorname{Bun}}_{2,D}$ of rank 2 parabolic vector bundles (Theorem 1.2). We define a canonical embedding $ {\textbf{P}}^1 \setminus D \hookrightarrow{\operatorname{Bun}}_{2,D}^{1}$ and show with a new proof that ${\operatorname{Aut}}_E|_{{\operatorname{Bun}}_{2,D}^{1}}$ is the intermediate extension of $E$.