bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal mechanical force‐velocity profile for sprint acceleration performance
Authors: Samozino Pierre , Peyrot Nicolas , Edouard Pascal , Nagahara Ryu , Jimenez‐Reyes Pedro , Vanwanseele Benedicte , Morin Jean‐Benoit 
Published: November 2021

The aim was to determine the respective influences of sprinting maximal power output () and mechanical Force‐velocity (F‐v) profile (ie, ratio between horizontal force production capacities at low and high velocities) on sprint acceleration performance. A macroscopic biomechanical model using an inverse dynamics approach applied to the athlete's center of mass during running acceleration was developed to express the time to cover a given distance as a mathematical function of and F‐v profile. Simulations showed that sprint acceleration performance depends mainly on , but also on the F‐v profile, with the existence of an individual optimal F‐v profile corresponding, for a given , to the best balance between force production capacities at low and high velocities. This individual optimal profile depends on and sprint distance: the lower the sprint distance, the more the optimal F‐v profile is oriented to force capabilities and vice versa. When applying this model to the data of 231 athletes from very different sports, differences between optimal and actual F‐v profile were observed and depend more on the variability in the optimal F‐v profile between sprint distances than on the interindividual variability in F‐v profiles. For a given sprint distance, acceleration performance (<30 m) mainly depends on and slightly on the difference between optimal and actual F‐v profile, the weight of each variable changing with sprint distance. Sprint acceleration performance is determined by both maximization of the horizontal power output capabilities and the optimization of the mechanical F‐v profile of sprint propulsion.
Effects of balance training with stroboscopic glasses on postural control in chronic ankle instability patients
Authors: Lee Hyunwook , Han Seunguk , Page Garritt , Bruening Dustin A. , Seeley Matthew K. , Hopkins J. Ty 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndividuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) are believed to rely more on visual information during postural control due to impaired proprioceptive function, which may increase the risk of injury when their vision is limited during sports activities.ObjectivesTo compare (1) the effects of balance training with and without stroboscopic glasses on postural control and (2) the effects of the training on visual reliance in patients with CAI.DesignA randomized controlled clinical trial.MethodsTwenty‐eight CAI patients were equally assigned to one of 2 groups: strobe or control group. The strobe group wore stroboscopic glasses during a 4‐week balance training. Static postural control, a single‐leg hop balance test calculated by Dynamic Postural Stability Index (DPSI), and the Y‐Balance test (YBT) were measured. During the tests, there were different visual conditions: eyes‐open (EO), eyes‐closed (EC), and strobe vision (SV). Romberg ratios were then calculated as SV/EO, and EC/EO and used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe strobe group showed a higher pretest‐posttest difference in velocity in the medial‐lateral direction and vertical stability index under SV compared with the control group (p < .05). The strobe group showed higher differences in EC/EO for velocity in the medial‐lateral and anterior‐posterior directions, and 95% confidence ellipse area (p < .05), and in SV/EO for velocity in the medial‐lateral, 95% confidence ellipse area, and YBT‐anterior direction (p < .05).ConclusionThe 4‐week balance training with stroboscopic glasses appeared to be effective in improving postural control and altering visual reliance in patients with CAI.
Dynamic spatio‐temporal flow modeling with raster DEMs
Authors: Nilsson Hampus , Pilesjö Petter , Hasan Abdulghani , Persson Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA user‐friendly high‐resolution intermediate complexity dynamic and spatially distributed flow model is crucial in urban flood modeling. Planners and consultants need to improve the accuracy of floods and estimation of risks. A new flow model will serve as a rapid tool to improve identification of these. This article provides a detailed explanation of a model based on a multiple flow algorithm. Model testing was performed on selected urban and rural areas. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze functionality. The model includes basic hydrological processes and is therefore less complex than fully physical models. The data needed to set up and run the new model include spatially and temporally distributed basic geometric and hydrologic variables (i.e., digital elevation model, precipitation, infiltration, and surface roughness). The model is implemented using open‐source coding and can easily be applied to any selected area. Outputs are water volumes, depths, and velocities at different modeling times. Using GIS, results can be visualized and utilized for further analyses. The test, applied in urban as well as rural areas, demonstrates its user‐friendliness, and that the estimated distributed water depths and water velocity at any time step can be saved and visualized.
Arabidopsis SKU5 Similar 11 and 12 play crucial roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance
Authors: Duan Yazhou , Wang Limin , Li Xueling , Wang Wanlei , Wang Jing , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhong Yangyang , Cao Nana , Tong Mengjuan , Ge Weina , Guo Yi , Li Rui 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYPollen tube integrity, growth and guidance are crucial factors in plant sexual reproduction. Members of the plant Skewed5 (SKU5) Similar (SKS) family show strong similarity to multicopper oxidases (MCOs), but they lack conserved histidines in MCO active sites. The functions of most SKS family members are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis pollen‐expressedSKS11andSKS12play important roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. Thesks11sks12mutant exhibited significantly reduced male fertility. Most of the pollen fromsks11sks12plants burst when germinated, and the pollen tubes grew slowly and exhibited defective growth along the funiculus and micropyle. SKS11‐GFP and SKS12‐mCherry were detected at the cell wall in pollen tubes. The contents of several cell wall polysaccharides and arabinogalactans were decreased in the pollen tube cell walls ofsks11sks12plants. Staining with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐sensitive dye and use of the H2O2sensor HyPer revealed that the ROS content in the pollen tubes ofsks11sks12plants was remarkably reduced. SKS11444His‐Ala, in which the last conserved histidine was mutated, could restore the mutant phenotypes ofsks11sks12. Thus, SKS11/12 are required for pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance possibly by regulating the ROS level and cell wall polysaccharide deposition or remodeling in pollen tubes.
Are severe adverse events commonly observed in dogs during cancer chemotherapy? A retrospective study on 155 dogs
Authors: Chavalle Thomas , Chamel Gabriel , Denoeux Pauline , Lajoinie Mathilde , Sayag David , Berny Philippe , Ponce Frédérique 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOverall prevalence of severe adverse events (sAE) has been poorly studied in veterinary medicine and peer‐reviewed studies mostly focused on a single protocol, making it difficult to have a general overview. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of sAE secondary to various protocols of chemotherapy in dogs. Medical records of 155 dogs receiving chemotherapy between January 2013 and December 2018 were reviewed. Adverse events (AE) were graded according to Veterinary Comparative Oncology Group‐common terminology criteria for AE (VCOG‐CTCAE) grading system. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether demographic, cancer type and chemotherapy protocol were associated with development of sAE and their consequences. AE were reported at least once in 124 (80%) dogs and sAE were observed in 50 (32.3%) dogs. Among them, 23 (14.8%) had gastro‐intestinal and 31 (20.0%) had myelotoxic events. sAE led to hospitalisation in 37 (23.9%) dogs, to chemotherapy arrest in 12 (7.7%) dogs and to euthanasia or death in 9 (5.8%) dogs. Haematopoietic tumours were statistically associated with a higher frequency of sAE (p = .004), gastrointestinal sAE (p = .009) and hospitalisation (p = .004). A body weight over 10 kg was associated with less haematological sAE (p < .001). The use of a multi‐agent protocol was highlighted as a risk factor for sAE (p = .038) and haematological sAE (p < .001). sAE following chemotherapy and leading to hospitalisation, chemo arrest or death were relatively common. A special attention during chemotherapy follow‐up should be given to small dogs and those receiving multi‐agent protocol or treated for haematopoietic tumours.
The effects of bit chewing on borborygmi, duodenal motility, and gastrointestinal transit time in clinically normal horses
Authors: Patton Molly E. , Leise Britta S. , Baker Rose E. , Andrews Frank M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of bit chewing on gastrointestinal transit in clinically normal horses.Study designProspective crossover designed study.AnimalsSix healthy adult horses.MethodsHorses were assigned randomly to treatment (apple flavored bit) and control (no‐bit) groups and studied for 2 × 1‐week trial periods with a 2‐week washout period between trials. Horses were fasted for 24 h and slowly refed over 3 days. The bit was placed for 20 min every 6 h. Duodenal contractions and borborygmi auscultations were evaluated every 12 h, approximately 5 min following bit placement. Gastrointestinal total transit time (GI TTT) was measured by administering 200 colored beads via stomach tube and then collected in the manure until 50% and 80% were recovered. Measured variables were compared using an ANOVA or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and the P value was noted.ResultsThe GI TTT was shortened in the bit chewing group (median: 106.37 h, range: 70‐171 h) compared to the no‐bit group (median: 170.1 h, range: 149‐186 h) (P = .0156) at 80% bead passage (only 4/6 horses passed 80%). Borborygmi (P = .8193), duodenal contractions (P = .2605), and 50% bead passage (P = .0781) showed no differences.ConclusionBit chewing was safe, inexpensive, and well tolerated. Bit chewing shortened GI TTT and might be an adjunct therapy to augment GI TTT. Further clinical studies are warranted.Clinical significanceIleus is a common complication following equine abdominal surgery with no current consistently successful treatment. Bit chewing may be a simple and inexpensive way to augment progressive GI motility.
Determination of Ketosteroids in Human Urine Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dmitrieva E. V. , Temerdashev A. Z. , Osipova A. K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A method is proposed for the determination of some ketosteroids in human urine, including enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase from E. coli followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, derivatization of analytes with hydroxylamine, and detection by reversed-phase ultra-HPLC–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Optimization of extraction and derivatization conditions of the studied compounds made it possible to find that the highest recoveries were achieved using an acetone–chloroform mixture as a dispersant and an extractant, and the completeness of the derivatization reaction was achieved by thermostating the sample at 70°C for 90 min. The proposed method has high sensitivity (limits of detection in the range of 0.1–0.25 ng/mL) and a wide linearity range.
Mathematical Modelling in Analytical Chromatography: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Dolgonosov A. M. , Prudkovskii A. G. , Zaitseva E. A. , Kolotilina N. K. , Dolgonosov A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on an analysis of the results of original research performed in the Laboratory of Sorption Methods of the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences within the project “Mathematical Chromatograph,” the review covers the aim and strategy of the imitation modeling of high-performance chromatography; associated problems of the theory of intermolecular interactions; classifications of polar stationary phases by their selectivity; descriptions of the kinetics and dynamics of sorption processes, choice of the composition of multicomponent mobile phases in HPLC and ion chromatography using the method of the dynamic map of a chromatographic system; and the development of alternating gradient modes using a mathematical experiment.
Assessing the impact of polio supplementary immunisation activities on routine immunisation and health systems: a systematic review
Authors: Vassallo Amy , Dunbar Kimberly , Ajuwon Busayo , Lowbridge Christopher , Kirk Martyn , King Catherine , Sheel Meru 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionThe Global Polio Eradication Initiative uses polio supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) as a strategy to increase vaccine coverage and cease poliovirus transmission. Impact of polio SIAs on immunisation systems is frequently debated. We reviewed the impact of polio SIAs on routine immunisation and health systems during the modern era of polio eradication.MethodsWe searched nine databases for studies reporting on polio SIAs and immunisation coverage, financial investment, workforce and health services delivery. We conducted a narrative synthesis of evidence. Records prior to 1994, animal, modelling or case studies data were excluded.Results20/1637 unique records were included. Data on vaccine coverage were included in 70% (14/20) studies, workforce in 65% (13/20) and health services delivery in 85% (17/20). SIAs positively contributed to vaccination uptake of non-polio vaccines in seven studies, neutral in three and negative in one. Some polio SIAs contributed to workforce strengthening through training and capacity building. Polio SIAs were accompanied with increased social mobilisation and community awareness building confidence in vaccination programmes. Included studies were programmatic in nature and contained variable data, thus could not be justly critically appraised.ConclusionPolio SIAs are successful at increasing polio vaccine coverage, but the resources and infrastructures were not always utilised for delivery of non-polio vaccines and integration into routine service delivery. We found a gap in standardised tools to evaluate SIAs, which can then inform service integration. Our study provides data to inform SIAs evaluations, and provides important considerations for COVID-19 vaccine roll-out to strengthen health systems.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020152195.
Generalised Ellis–Bronnikov wormholes embedded in warped braneworld background and energy conditions
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Ghosh Suman 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEllis–Bronnikov (EB) wormholes require violation of null energy conditions at the ‘throat’. This problem was cured by a simple modification of the ‘shape function’, which introduces a new parameter $$m\ge 2$$

m
≥
2

($$m=2$$

m
=
2

corresponds to the EB model). This leads to a generalised (GEB) version. In this work, we consider a model where the GEB wormhole geometry is embedded in a five dimensional warped background. We studied the status of all the energy conditions in detail for both EB and GEB embedding. We present our results analytically (wherever possible) and graphically. Remarkably, the presence of decaying warp factor leads to satisfaction of weak energy conditions even for the EB geometry, while the status of all the other energy conditions are improved compared to the four dimensional scenario. Besides inventing a new way to avoid the presence of exotic matter, in order to form a wormhole passage, our work reveals yet another advantage of having a warped extra dimension.
Halo uncertainties in electron recoil events at direct detection experiments
Authors: Maity Tarak Nath , Ray Tirtha Sankar , Sarkar Sambo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe dark matter direct detection rates are highly correlated with the phase space distribution of dark matter particles in our galactic neighbourhood. In this paper we make a systematic study of the impact of astrophysical uncertainties on electron recoil events at the direct detection experiments with Xenon and semiconductor detectors. We find that within the standard halo model there can be up to $$ \sim 50\%$$

∼
50
%

deviation from the fiducial choice in the exclusion bounds from these observational uncertainties. For non-standard halo models we report a similar deviation from the fiducial standard halo model when fitted with recent cosmological N-body simulations while even larger deviations are obtained in case of the observational uncertainties.
Efpeglenatide and Clinical Outcomes With and Without Concomitant Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition Use in Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Analysis of the AMPLITUDE-O Trial
Authors: Lam Carolyn S.P. , Ramasundarahettige Chinthanie , Branch Kelley R.H. , Sattar Naveed , Rosenstock Julio , Pratley Richard , Del Prato Stefano , Lopes Renato D. , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Khurmi Nardev S. , Baek Seungjae , Gerstein Hertzel C. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Both sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes. However, no cardiovascular outcome trial has evaluated the long-term effects of their combined use. The AMPLITUDE-O trial (Effect of Efpeglenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes) reported that once-weekly injections of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists efpeglenatide (versus placebo) reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs); MACEs, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina hospitalization (expanded MACEs); a renal composite outcome; and MACEs or death in people with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular or renal disease. The trial uniquely stratified randomization by baseline or anticipated use of SGLT2 inhibitors and included the highest prevalence at baseline (N=618, 15.2%) of SGLT2 inhibitor use among glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist cardiovascular outcome trials to date. Its results were analyzed to estimate the combined effect of SGLT2 inhibitors and efpeglenatide on clinical outcomes.

Methods:
Cardiovascular and renal outcomes were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for region, SGLT2 inhibitor randomization strata, and the SGLT2 inhibitor–by–treatment interaction. Continuous variables were analyzed with a mixed-effects models for repeated measures that also included an interaction term.

Results:

The effect (hazard ratio [95% CI]) of efpeglenatide versus placebo in the absence and presence of baseline SGLT2 inhibitors on MACEs (0.74 [0.58–0.94] and 0.70 [0.37–1.30], respectively), expanded MACEs (0.77 [0.62–0.96] and 0.87 [0.51–1.48]), renal composite (0.70 [0.59–0.83] and 0.52 [0.33–0.83]), and MACEs or death (0.74 [0.59–0.93] and 0.65 [0.36–1.19]) did not differ by baseline SGLT2 inhibitor use (
P
for all interactions >0.2). The reduction of blood pressure, body weight, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio by efpeglenatide also appeared to be independent of concurrent SGLT2 inhibitor use (all interaction
P
≥0.08). Last, adverse events did not differ by baseline SGLT2 inhibitor use.

Conclusions:
The efficacy and safety of efpeglenatide appear to be independent of concurrent SGLT2 inhibitor use. These data support combined SGLT2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in type 2 diabetes.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03496298.
Productive Contribution of Public Spending and Human Capital in Developing Countries Revisited: The Role of Trade Openness
Authors: Su Thanh Dinh , Nguyen Canh Phuc 
Published: November 2021

This study examines the catalytic role of trade openness in the relationships between human capital and public spending and total factor productivity (TFP) growth in 44 developing countries over the 1980–2014 period. Applying various estimation techniques to deal with autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity and cross-section dependence, the study finds that (a) the effect of human capital on TFP is nonlinear, (b) government consumption positively affects TFP but military spending is a negative factor and (c) trade openness significantly improves the positive influences of these factors on TFP. The results imply the important role of trade liberalisation in productivity evolution in developing countries. JEL Codes: F43, H52, O47
A Dependent Economy Model of Employment, Real Exchange Rate and Debt Dynamics: Towards an Understanding of Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Basu Moumita , Basu Rilina , Nag Ranjanendra Narayan 
Published: November 2021

Given the unforeseen and uncertain circumstances during the pandemic, the role of government expenditure becomes extremely relevant in sustaining lives and livelihoods of the masses. This brings forth public sector deficit as a key issue of macroeconomic policy debate. This article aims at investigating the effects of an unanticipated adverse shock like COVID-19, on the real value of public debt, in a small open economy, consisting of traded and non-traded sectors, along with proposed management of such crisis with fiscal and monetary expansion. The results of policy-induced and exogenous shocks depend on the difference in the speeds of adjustments in real exchange rate, interest rate and real value of debt, and the associated multitudes of cross effects. While an unanticipated adverse shock like COVID-19 causes contraction of both traded and non-traded sectors and reduces consumption expenditure, investment expenditure and level of employment and real value of aggregate income in the short run, fiscal expansion causes higher real value of debt and lower real exchange rate. JEL Codes: E12, E62, H63
Improved method of manufacturing carbon nanotube infused multifunctional 3D woven composites
Authors: Shimpi Prasad , Aniskevich Andrey , Zeleniakiene Daiva 
Published: November 2021

This research work aimed to develop smart multifunctional composites via a process for uniformly dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNT) on an orthogonal three-dimensional (3D) woven glass fabric with minimised filtering effect. These smart composites could detect strain under tensile and flexural loading by the piezoresistive response of the infused CNT network. Conventional vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding was modified to control the infusion of 0.25 wt% CNT on the 3D woven glass fabric by varying the vacuum pressure. Results showed that at 101.3 kPa vacuum pressure, the CNT percolated through the thickness of the orthogonal 3D woven glass fabric while being marginally filtered by the fibres and were suitable for sensing tensile strain, whereas at 30.4 kPa, the CNT were deposited only on the surface of the fabric preform without getting filtered and were suitable for sensing flexural strain.