bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Cross Entropy-Based Kalman Filter Hybrid Precoding For Frequency Selective mmWave MIMO Channel: Time Domain approach
Authors: Shoukath Ali K , Raju C , Keerthana K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In Millimetre Wave (mmWave) Multiple-Inputs Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, hybrid precoders are introduced the reduced number of Radio Frequency (RF) chains. In the existing hybrid precoder using Phase Shifter (PS) network consume high energy, the cost of hardware and the performance loss in the system is high. In this paper, Adaptive Cross-Entropy (ACE) based Kalman Hybrid Precoder for the frequency selective mmWave MIMO channel in time domain approach is proposed. ACE based kalman hybrid precoder is designed and develops for Switch and Inverter (SI) based architecture. In addition, Kalman based digital precoder is develop and compare with MMSE digital precoder. Simulation results show the ACE based kalman hybrid precoding for SI architecture is provide the low energy consumption, and higher Spectral Efficiency (SE) compares to the existing Two-Stage (TS) hybrid precoder, Antenna Selection (AS) and Cross-Entropy (CE) based hybrid precoders.
Reduction of Peak Power in ofdm Signal Using Cyclic Shifting in Partial Transmit Method
Authors: Deepa D. , Poongodi C. , Sandhiyadevi P. , Mohanapriya G.K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays,multiplexing the frequency in orthogonal manneris the major concern for high speed data requirements in communication system. It has many advantages like achieving high speed data rate, resilience to frequency fading nature and highly tolerance to interferences and more flexible for implementing with other systems. Also, this OFDM system utilizes maximum bandwidth and will reduce the co-channel interferences. But the main back lock in OFDM system is peak to average power ratio(PAPR) which makes the waveforms more distorted which leads to need of high-power amplifiers in system design. In order to control this back lock, many techniques are proposed, but it has complexity problem. In this work we proposed a partial transmit sequence method along with cyclic shift sequences without performing phase rotation during the process. The simulation results show the high efficiency in PAPR reduction problem when compared to the other systems and it shows the less computation complexity during implementation.
Routing in a Wireless Sensor Network using a Hybrid Algorithm to Improve the Lifetime of the Nodes
Authors: Senthilkumar M. , Kavitha V.R. , Suresh Kumar M. , Anantha Christu Raj P. , Ruth Anita Shirley D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A reliable and secure routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks should be easy to maintain, reliable and cost-efficient. In this paper, we propose a hybrid routing algorithm using Ant Colony Optimization and Minimum Hop Count scheme. The proposed hybrid methodology provides an optimal routing path that ensures balanced and minimal energy consumption. The hybrid algorithm is unique in maintaining network topology, balancing network load and searching for the optimal route. The proposed algorithm with the WSN model is implemented in C++ and the simulation output proves our algorithm to outperform other similar routing algorithms.The proposed work indicates animprovement in network lifetime, success rate in finding the best solution and rate of convergence. The existing techniques are reviewed and their strengths and weaknesses are diagnosed and compared with our proposed hybrid methodology that integrates the strengths of both the algorithms.
Analysis of Linear Precoding Techniques for Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems under various scenarios
Authors: Subitha D. , Vani R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Emerging 5G technology is largely supported by the base station signal processing techniques such as precoding. Precoding combines the input signals in a predefined way and deliver them in a right proportion to the multiple antenna elements. Such precoding algorithms are crucial for the design of the emerging 5G technology; massive MIMO system. In this paper, the performance of various linear precoding algorithms such as Zero Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Conjugate Gradient (CG) based precoding are analyzed in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and achievable sum-rate. The results are analyzed under various channel conditions such as rural, sub urban and urban. The above algorithms are tested for MIMO-OFDM system. OFDM system simulated here uses 52 subcarriers and a Base Station equipped with more than 100 antennas serving multiple users simultaneously. The channel models are stochastic channels simulated using WINNER II modeling.
A Novel Low Noise Instrumentation Amplifier for Bio-Medical applications
Authors: Mr.Girinath N , Dr.Ganesh Babu. C , Mr. Dinesh Kumar JR , Karthi Mr. SP 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work we propose an efficient and a novel Instrumentation amplifier design fabricated using CMOS technology that can be used for the amplification of bio-medical signals. Instrumentation Biological amplifiers play a crucial role in biomedical devices like hearing aids, pacemaker etc. An instrumentation amplifier with current feedback and Current re-use topology along with the Chopper Offset-stabilization technique which was used in op-amps will also be extended to current-feedback instrumentation amplifiers, will help us to minimize and eliminate the flicker (1/f) noise and the offset voltages that will occur during the design of the feedback amplifiers. The gain mismatch problems that usually occurs due to the use of Current re -use topology was also minimized by the use of dynamic element matching technique that will be described in the paper. The design is simulated using Cadence Spectre tool. The Instrumentation amplifier final layout is designed in Cadence Layout editor with 0.18um CMOS technology.
Raspberry Pi based Multi-optional Wireless Wheelchair Control and Gesture Recognized Home Assist System
Authors: Renuka K , Harini R , Balaji V , Ashok N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Smart Wheelchair is a controlled device designed with the help of the user command to have self-mobility. It reduces the human effort of the user and encourages wheelchair riding. In fact, it also provides an opportunity for physically impaired people to move from one location to another. The main work of this paper is to gain more information, to construct a wheelchair using Raspberry Pi and RF controller to solve the difficulties faced by the physically challenged person. The device is fitted with the RF module, GSM and GPS module, servo motor, wheelchair and the whole module is controlled by wheelchair. To achieve a desire movement, the user will provide input commands to control the wheelchair and it is interfaced by RF communication and voice command. Depending upon the user convenience either RF communication or voice command can be used. Solution has also been proposed during an emergency by using an alert system. The movements received and the hand gesture shown by the visually impaired are recognizedandcontrastedwiththemodelsstoredonthereceiver.Ifthetemplates suit the templates stored then the home appliances are managedaccordingly.
Mercury Detection in Marine Environment using Electrospun Nanofibers as Colorimetric Sensor
Authors: Blesslin Sheeba T , Nandagopal V. , Rajalakshmy P. , Kesavan T. , Aneesh Kumar A.G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Potable water from sea/ocean is becoming contaminated at a fast rate and there is need for monitoring this rate of contamination. There are a number of pollutants that cause contamination, harming aquatic and marine environment. Detecting this water pollutant has become a major concern in recent year and this paper proposes a novel solution to identify specific pollutants (Arsenic and Chromium) in water Nanomaterials have been identified to have higher sensitivity, quick recovery, faster response and ease of design when compared to other materials used. The proposed work uses electrospun nanofibers to detect the presence of mercury which is a heavy metal ion, in marine water. Electrospun nanofibers exhibit many features like easy functionalization, porous nature, large surface area, quick response and enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. To detect mercury ion, an electrospun nanofiber-based sensing platforms is devised and the observations are recorded.
Unwavering Quality Appraisal and Distributed Generation in Bus Dissemination Framework by LOLP Procedure
Authors: Moses Leeban , Perarasi  , Raju  , Gayathri  , Lino L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Distributed generation is a small scale generation unit connected nearer to the consumer. The ideal procedure utilized for the assignment of the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Distributed Generation in the appropriation framework is Voltage Stability Index. The dependability of the dissemination framework is assessed with the effect of Distributed Generation and Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicle. This paper presents the unwavering quality appraisal of the dissemination framework incorporated with Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Distributed Generation in 12 bus dissemination framework by Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) procedure. The viability of the proposed strategy is dissected by MATLAB.
Optimal Congestion Management by Load Curtailment in Electricity Market
Authors: Senthil Kumar J. , Kumar C. , Balavignesh S. , Dheepanchakkravarthy A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A novel bi-level framework is developed for congestion management in electric power market by load curtailment and generator rescheduling. Interruptible load auction schemes are performed to detect the load buses which require corrective measures to relieve congestion. The proposed congestion management problem is solved in two different levels. The objective functions formulated as non-linear equation is solved using swarm intelligence techniques. In first level, the load curtailment problem is solved, while in second level the generator rescheduling problem is solved. Generator rescheduling through swarm based optimization techniques minimizes the curtailment of contracted power in a deregulated market. A comparative study has been carried out on the swarm intelligence techniques such as Cauchy Gaussian infused PSO (CGI-PSO) and Particle Swarm Optimization with Time Varying Acceleration Coefficient (PSO-TVAC) to solve the proposed problem. The formulated methodology is simulated on standard IEEE 30 bus system and verified through Indian utility-69 bus system.
Simulation Of Dc-Dc Converter Topology For Solar Pv System Under Varying Climatic Conditions With Mppt Controller
Authors: Selvabharathi P. , Veerakumar S. , Kamatchi Kannan V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays Renewable energy is more important because of growing power demands, lowering of carbon emission and depletion of fossil fuels. From all renewable categories, Solar energy is multiplied because of sun power to be had for lots hours. The performance of sun energy may be very low; the usage of energy electronics converter may be very critical for maximizes the moving of energy from renewable power resources. Since many converter topologies are layout and implemented, out of which appropriate converter need to be taken out for the unique layout of applications. This challenge goals to layout and simulated of diverse converters topology like Boost, CUK and SEPIC converters with MPPT algorithm. The converter layout is completed and theoretical layout is proven with simulations for comparing the nice topologies for PV primarily based totally software the use of PSIM tool.
Diversified Applications Of Hydrogen Bond Liquid Crystals
Authors: Madhu Mohan M L N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Liquid crystals are extensively utilized in display device technology. Apart from display applications, they can also be used in various optical, electrical applications. Liquid Crystal capacitors can easily replace conventional electrolyte capacitors. Optical data storage is evinced through textural evidence while electrical storage is established by dielectric studies. Optical light filters plays a pivotal role in many electronic applications. Optical fitters in visible and infrared region using liquid crystal are discussed. High pass, low pass, notch and band pass filters are explored. Light modulator application of liquid crystal is detailed.
Performance Evaluation with Multivariable and Multiloop control for a class of square MIMO systems
Authors: Sudhahar S , Ganesh Babu C , Sharmila D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Two approaches (centralized and decentralized) for designing a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) tracing/regulating process are described within article. The vast popular of industrial process control applications are whist focused on multi loop controllers, ignoring the feedback control attainment with advantages of centralized multivariable controllers. Due to their single loop nature, the plant interactions that are merely in use keen on relation in the controller tuning process cannot be suppressed by decentralized controllers. In many situations, therefore it would be beneficial to delimit the detrimental consequences in pairing among inputs and outputs of the closed loop system under certain context. The centralized model predictive controllers (MPC) and decentralized/multi-loop PI controllers are designed. In terms of integral Absolute Error (IAE), Integral Square Error (ISE), and Integral Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE), the output of both controllers is then compared. The results of the simulation showed that the MIMO MPC is better than the other suggested control schemes. The projected central controllers minimize interactions superior than the multi loop controllers that have recently been published.
Design and Simulation of Modular Multilevel Inverter Using PWM
Authors: Arumugam Nandhakumar , Suresh Mugilraj , Dharmalingam Mohanrajan N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Modular Inverter is a kind of new multilevel inverter topology used in HVDC system and medium voltage applications like induction motor drive. Modular Multilevel inverter can operate at high voltages and current with fewer harmonic and simple filters, and without increasing the number of switches. This paper mainly focuses on simple topology for modular multilevel inverter in order to reduce the drawbacks of conventional M- level inverters such as capacitor voltage balancing during medium voltage applications. This paper addresses the basic modes of working, carrier-based sine PWM technique and voltage balancing at each capacitor for a three-level inverter are discussed. The simulation and design was carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Implementation of Low intensity Dye Sensitized Solar Cell for Electricity Generation
Authors: Kavin R. , Sathesh Kumar T. , Leninpugalhanthi P. , Gobu R. , Gaayathry K. , Sivaranjani S. , Kesavan T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In advancement of technology, solar energy has become major source in producing electricity but in limited conditions. silicon based solar cells are good at generating electricity during day hours but it gives a drawback of producing electricity during low intensity light state. Implementing solar cells in wide range also comes out as a major challenge which has to be removed to meet energy crisis. This paper mainly focus on generating electricity using dye sensitized solar cell which gives a promising note of producing electricity in low intensity and implementing it in wide scale.
Internet of Things in the implementation of a Smart City
Authors: Jeevanandham A , Srinivasan C , Balavignesh S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A smart city is an infrastructure to develop, deploy, and promote sustainable development to address the challenges of rapid urbanization. The implementation of a Smart City across the world is due to various applications of Internet of Things. To monitor and manage the devices, IoT have the ability with actionable information from streams of real-time data. A smart city should include innovative features to improve the quality of life of a citizen with high degree of accuracy and integration of various technologies. The things which sense, measure, interpret, connect and analyze are the instruments that reside on the IoT System which enhances the infrastructure of a Smart City. In this review paper, we discuss the need of IoT towards the improved infrastructure in the implementation of a Smart City.
Hydrodynamic forces on tubular cylinders fitted with sacrificial anodes – numerical analysis
Authors: Al-Yacouby A M , Talhah M H , Liew M S , Danyaro K U 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In offshore engineering, the design of effective marine platforms compatible with the offshore environmental condition is a challenging task, especially accurate estimation of hydrodynamic coefficients that affect the viscous forces. Practically, the well-known Morison’s equation is often adopted by designers to calculate wave loads on slender structures, where the values of drag and inertia coefficients are selected as constant values based on the design code of practice’s recommendations. However, the mass and drag coefficients must be determined empirically based on specific met-ocean data for the operation location. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the Hydrodynamic Forces on Circular Cylinders fitted with sacrificial anodes using empirical methods, and validate the results using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). It is found that the major parameters that affect the drag and inertia coefficients are the water depth, wave heights, wave frequencies, the pipe diameters, and the presence of anode fittings.
An Experimental Study on The Correlation of Natural Rainfall Intensities and Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics
Authors: Law S L G , Kuok K K , Trinidad S G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to study the natural raindrop size distribution characteristics based on the experimental works for three (3) different rainfall intensities, which are 32.41 mm/h, 56.84 mm/h and 85.73 mm/h. A tipping bucket rain gauge was used to record rainfall data during the field study and a professional DSLR camera (Sony α6000) was used to the capture raindrop distribution during rainfall events. A sufficient number of photographs were taken with necessary adjustments on camera setting to produce the required sharpness of the images and to significantly reduce noise disturbances. Sharp images were selected for image segmentation using a customized coding script to further process the images on MATLAB. The segmented or processed images presented in the form of numerical data would provide the details on the number of drop counts in addition to the diameters of the individual drops captured. The raindrop sizes or diameters ranging from 0.5 mm to 4.5 mm were divided into group of 0.5 mm intervals. It is found that lower rainfall intensity at 32.41 mm/h has the highest volumetric drop distribution of 1.0–1.5 mm interval drop group 78.64%. The relatively higher rainfall intensity at 85.73 mm/h tends to produce higher counts in larger droplet sizes with increments of 6.90% for 2.5–3.0 mm and increment of for 3.45% 4.0–4.5 mm. The study also recorded a significant increment of median droplet sizes (D50) ranging from 1.18 mm to 1.33 mm as the rainfall intensity increased from 32.41 mm/h to 85.73 mm/h, respectively.
Mix proportion for medium grade concrete with silica fume as cement replacement for general purpose construction
Authors: Rashidi A , Mohammad Zain M I S , Ahmadi R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are many demands of concrete in construction leading to the use of industrial waste as mineral additive or supplementary filler to improve the concrete performance and lower production cost. Silica fume is a distinct industrial waste. The making of silica fume concrete is made by case basis based on specific needs especially for the production of prescribed High Performance Concretes. In this study, the use of silica fume for low/medium grade concrete for general production is investigated [1]. It is an attempt to find a mix proportion with recommended silica fume replacement to produce a medium grade concrete for general purpose construction. Silica fume as cement replacement greatly increase the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The concrete mix with 10% silica fume replacement gives the most practical replacement percentage resulting to a 32% strength increase compared to concrete with no silica fume. It is also possible to produce a normal grade concrete using a standard M40 mix proportion. Concrete samples with less than 10% cement replacement did not show significant differences in mechanical and durability properties compared to the reference sample.
Numerical investigation on the performance of stone columns under raft foundation in soft clayey soils
Authors: Danish Ahmed , Linda bt Taib Siti Noor , Ayadat Tahar , Hasan Alsidqi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stone columns are the most common and effective technique used for enhancing the overall strength and performance of soft soils. They are more effective for moderately lightweight structures. This investigation presents a parametric study of stone columns embedded in ground to strengthen the soft clayey soil under stiff raft foundation. This research is based on a computational analysis by creating a foundation finite element model consisting of a group of stone columns that are mounted under rafting using PLAXIS 3D. A certain range of parameters (for example spacing, diameter and angle of friction of stone columns) is considered and it is concluded that the increase in diameter and angle of friction of stone columns can improve the ultimate load bearing capacity of the foundation system. Furthermore, the failure mechanism of this foundation scheme is analysed and a semi-empirical model for the determination of the bearing capacity ratio (BCR) is developed from the results of the parametric analysis.
Assessment of Subsurface Condition of Peat Soil due to Brackish Groundwater Seepage
Authors: Daud H D , May R , Rajali R , Bujang J , Muol E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this assessment is to assess the subsurface condition of peat soil due to brackish groundwater seepage along drainages using a numerical method. Visual MODFLOW is applied to conceptualize a condition in the study area and to produce outcomes related to the objectives of the study. The results of the simulation show there is only a small portion of high salt concentration along the drainage. The migration of salt concentration is mostly affected by the groundwater head and velocity vectors of the aquifer materials. Meanwhile, most of the other places in the study area receive a low salt concentration. Therefore, the impact of brackish groundwater on the environment is not significant since the salt concentration is low in most of the study area.