bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of variables in the WZW models
Authors: Lunin Oleg , Tian Jia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider dynamics of scalar and vector fields on gravitational backgrounds of the Wess-Zumino-Witten models. For SO(4) and its cosets, we demonstrate full separation of variables for all fields and find a close analogy with a similar separation of vector equations in the backgrounds of the Myers-Perry black holes. For SO(5) and higher groups separation of variables is found only in some subsectors.
Assessing cognition in people with severe mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of assessment measures
Authors: Haile Yohannes Gebreegziabhere , Habatmu Kassahun , Derese Andualem , Gouse Hetta , Lawrie Stephen M. , Cella Matteo , Alem Atalay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Cognitive difficulties are common in people with severe mental disorders (SMDs) and various measures of cognition are of proven validity. However, there is a lack of systematic evidence regarding the psychometric properties of these measures in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objective
To systematically review the psychometric properties of cognitive measures validated in people with SMDs in LMICs.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching from four electronic databases. Two authors independently screened studies for their eligibility. Measurement properties of measures in all included studies were extracted. All eligible measures were assessed against criteria set for clinical and research recommendations. Results are summarized narratively and measures were grouped by measurement type and population.

Results
We identified 23 unique measures from 28 studies. None of these was from low-income settings. Seventeen of the measures were performance-based. The majority (n = 16/23) of the measures were validated in people with schizophrenia. The most commonly reported measurement properties were: known group, convergent, and divergent validity (n = 25/28). For most psychometric property, studies of methodological qualities were found to be doubtful. Among measures evaluated in people with schizophrenia, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Cognitive Assessment Interview, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and CogState Schizophrenia Battery were with the highest scores for clinical and research recommendation.

Conclusions
Studies included in our review provide only limited quality evidence and future studies should consider adapting and validating measures using stronger designs and methods. Nonetheless, validated assessments of cognition could help in the management and allocating therapy in people with SMDs in LMICs.
A patient-centred web-based adverse drug reaction reporting system identifies not yet labelled potential safety issues
Authors: Hasford J. , Bruchmann F. , Lutz M. , Thürmann P. , Schmiedl S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by patients is essential for a comprehensive risk–benefit evaluation of drugs after marketing, but only few data are available regarding patient-centred web-based ADR reporting systems. Hence, we aimed to analyze ADRs reported by patients with a particular emphasis on novel drugs and serious ADRs not yet labelled in the respective summary of product characteristics (SPC).

Methods
All ADR reports received by a web-based, patient-centred platform (www.nebenwirkungen.de) between April 1, 2019, and September 1, 2020, were descriptively analyzed. ADRs and drugs were coded automatically according to MedDRA and ATC classification system. SPC labelling of reported ADRs for novel drugs marketed since 2015 was checked manually.

Results
In total, 13,515 patient reports including 29,529 ADRs were received during the study period (serious ADRs [SADRs] n = 1,318; 4.5%). Women were affected in more than two-thirds of ADR reports. The most common patient-reported ADRs were nausea, dizziness and headache, whereas arrhythmia, intestinal obstruction and erectile dysfunction were the most frequent SADRs. Ciprofloxacin, levothyroxine and venlafaxine were the compounds most frequently suspected for causing both ADRs and SADRs. Regarding novel compounds, 289 reports including 739 ADRs were received (mainly fatigue, headache and myalgia). Three hundred thirty-one (44.8%) out of those ADRs were not yet labelled in the respective SPC, whereof twelve were SADRs.

Conclusion
The majority of patient-reported ADRs were non-serious. However, a relevant number of non-labelled even serious ADRs was reported for novel compounds by patients. Despite well-known limitations of patient-reported ADRs, this web-based ADR reporting system contributes to the identification of new ADRs and thus can help to improve patients’ safety complementing other pharmacovigilance instruments.
Postoperative Nutritional Status is Predictive of the Survival Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Resection of Stage III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hiramatsu Kosuke , Shindoh Junichi , Hanaoka Yutaka , Toda Shigeo , Ueno Masashi , Matoba Shuichiro , Kuroyanagi Hiroya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative nutritional status is reportedly associated with the clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), although it remains inconclusive whether the preoperative nutritional status that may improve after surgery is truly predictive of the survival outcomes of patients with CRC.MethodsClinical records of patients with stage III CRC (n = 821) in whom curative resection had been achieved were retrospectively reviewed and the prognostic impact of nutritional status, determined by the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, was analyzed.ResultsThe CONUT undernutrition grade was significantly associated with the overall survival rate (OS) in the original population (P < 0.0001). By adopting a cut‐off value of CONUT score of ≥ 2 and adjustment for clinical variables using the inverse probability treatment weighting methods, the group with a preoperative CONUT score of ≥ 2 showed a worse OS as compared to the groups with a preoperative CONUT score of < 2 (P = 0.037). However, sub‐analysis based on the dynamic changes in the CONUT score revealed that sustained malnutrition in the postoperative period was more frequent among patients with preoperative CONUT score of ≥ 2, and that the OS and recurrence‐free survival rate (RFS) were significantly correlated with the “postoperative” nutritional status, irrespective of the preoperative nutritional status. Patients who showed improvements of the nutritional status after surgery showed a significantly longer OS and RFS.ConclusionsSustained undernutrition or worsening of the nutritional status after colectomy may be associated with a worse OS and RFS after curative resection in patients with stage III CRC.
Prognostic value of the systemic immune-inflammation index in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Katayama Satoshi , Mori Keiichiro , Pradere Benjamin , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Schuettfort Victor M. , Quhal Fahad , Motlagh Reza Sari , Mostafaei Hadi , Grossmann Nico C. , Rajwa Pawel , Moschini Marco , Mathieu Romain , Abufaraj Mohammad , D’Andrea David , Compérat Eva , Haydter Martin , Egawa Shin , Nasu Yasutomo , Shariat Shahrokh F. ,   European Association of Urology–Young Academic Urologists Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group (EAU-YAU)
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We assessed the prognostic value of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) to refine risk stratification of the heterogeneous spectrum of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)

Methods
In this multi-institutional cohort, preoperative blood-based SII was retrospectively assessed in 1117 patients with NMIBC who underwent transurethral resection of bladder (TURB) between 1996 and 2007. The optimal cut-off value of SII was determined as 580 using the best Youden index. Cox regression analyses were performed. The concordance index (C-index) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the discrimination of the predictive models.

Results
Overall, 309 (28%) patients had high SII. On multivariable analyses, high SII was significantly associated with worse PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–2.77; P = 0.003) and CSS (HR 2.53; 95% CI 1.42–4.48; P = 0.001). Subgroup analyses, according to the European Association of Urology guidelines, demonstrated the main prognostic impact of high SII, with regards to PFS (HR 3.39; 95%CI 1.57–7.31; P = 0.002) and CSS (HR 4.93; 95% CI 1.70–14.3; P = 0.005), in patients with intermediate-risk group; addition of SII to the standard predictive model improved its discrimination ability both on C-index (6% and 12%, respectively) and DCA. In exploratory intergroup analyses of patients with intermediate-risk, the improved discrimination ability was retained the prediction of PFS and CSS.

Conclusion
Preoperative SII seems to identify NMIBC patients who have a worse disease and prognosis. Such easily available and cheap standard biomarkers may help refine the decision-making process regarding adjuvant treatment in patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC.
Biological nitrification inhibition in maize—isolation and identification of hydrophobic inhibitors from root exudates
Authors: Otaka Junnosuke , Subbarao Guntur Venkata , Ono Hiroshi , Yoshihashi Tadashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo control agronomic N losses and reduce environmental pollution, biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is a promising strategy. BNI is an ecological phenomenon by which certain plants release bioactive compounds that can suppress nitrifying soil microbes. Herein, we report on two hydrophobic BNI compounds released from maize root exudation (1 and 2), together with two BNI compounds inside maize roots (3 and 4). On the basis of a bioassay-guided fractionation method using a recombinant nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea, 2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (1, ED50 = 2 μM) was identified for the first time from dichloromethane (DCM) wash concentrate of maize root surface and named “zeanone.” The benzoxazinoid 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HDMBOA, 2, ED50 = 13 μM) was isolated from DCM extract of maize roots, and two analogs of compound 2, 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HMBOA, 3, ED50 = 91 μM) and HDMBOA-β-glucoside (4, ED50 = 94 μM), were isolated from methanol extract of maize roots. Their chemical structures (1–4) were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. The contributions of these four isolated BNI compounds (1–4) to the hydrophobic BNI activity in maize roots were 19%, 20%, 2%, and 4%, respectively. A possible biosynthetic pathway for zeanone (1) is proposed. These results provide insights into the strength of hydrophobic BNI activity released from maize root systems, the chemical identities of the isolated BNIs, and their relative contribution to the BNI activity from maize root systems.
“Sandwich technique” enables preservation of hearing and antivertiginous effect in cholesteatomatous labyrinthine fistula
Authors: Bartochowska Anna , Pietraszek Marta , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Gawęcki Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to assess hearing, surgical and clinical results of the treatment in patients with cholesteatomatous labyrinthine fistula (LF) focusing on the different techniques and materials used in the management.

Methods
Study group included 465 patients. Cases with LFs discovered or confirmed during surgical procedure were thoroughly analyzed.

Results
LFs were noted in 11.4% of all cases. Thirty-eight patients, with all follow-up data available, were included into the further analysis. Most LFs were located in the lateral semicircular canal (87%). LFs were assessed as small in 2 cases, as medium in 24 patients while 12 were described as large. Based on Dornhoffer and Milewski classification, 50% of LFs were classified as IIa, 24% as IIb, 6 LFs were very deep (type III), while 4—superficial (type I). The size and type of LF did not influence postsurgical complaints (p = 0.1070, p = 0.3187, respectively). Vertigo was less frequent in LFs treated by “sandwich technique”, especially those with opened endosteum. In 30 (79%) patients, hearing improved or did not change after surgery. Hearing outcomes were significantly better in the ears operated by means of CWU technique (p = 0.0339), in LFs with intact membranous labyrinth (p = 0.0139) and when “sandwich technique” was performed (p = 0.0159). Postsurgical bone conduction thresholds levels were significantly better in LFs covered by “sandwich method” (p = 0.0440).

Conclusion
“Sandwich technique” (temporal fascia–bone pate–temporal fascia) enables preservation of hearing as well as antivertiginous effect in patients with cholesteatomatous labyrinthine fistula.
Time Complexity Analysis of Randomized Search Heuristics for the Dynamic Graph Coloring Problem
Authors: Bossek Jakob , Neumann Frank , Peng Pan , Sudholt Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe contribute to the theoretical understanding of randomized search heuristics for dynamic problems. We consider the classical vertex coloring problem on graphs and investigate the dynamic setting where edges are added to the current graph. We then analyze the expected time for randomized search heuristics to recompute high quality solutions. The (1+1) Evolutionary Algorithm and RLS operate in a setting where the number of colors is bounded and we are minimizing the number of conflicts. Iterated local search algorithms use an unbounded color palette and aim to use the smallest colors and, consequently, the smallest number of colors. We identify classes of bipartite graphs where reoptimization is as hard as or even harder than optimization from scratch, i.e., starting with a random initialization. Even adding a single edge can lead to hard symmetry problems. However, graph classes that are hard for one algorithm turn out to be easy for others. In most cases our bounds show that reoptimization is faster than optimizing from scratch. We further show that tailoring mutation operators to parts of the graph where changes have occurred can significantly reduce the expected reoptimization time. In most settings the expected reoptimization time for such tailored algorithms is linear in the number of added edges. However, tailored algorithms cannot prevent exponential times in settings where the original algorithm is inefficient.
Tubulopathy meets Sherlock Holmes: biochemical fingerprinting of disorders of altered kidney tubular salt handling
Authors: Bockenhauer Detlef , Kleta Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvolution moves in mysterious ways. Excretion of waste products by glomerular filtration made perfect sense when life evolved in the ocean. Yet, the associated loss of water and solutes became a problem when life moved onto land: a serious design change was needed and this occurred in the form of ever more powerful tubules that attached to the glomerulus. By reabsorbing typically more than 99% of the glomerular filtrate, the tubules not only minimise urinary losses, but, crucially, also maintain homeostasis: tubular reabsorption and secretion are adjusted so as to maintain an overall balance, in which urine volume and composition matches intake and environmental stressors. A whole orchestra of highly specialised tubular transport proteins is involved in this process and dysfunction of one or more of these results in the so-called kidney tubulopathies, characterised by specific patterns of clinical and biochemical abnormalities. In turn, recognition of these patterns helps establish a specific diagnosis and pinpoints the defective transport pathway. In this review, we will discuss these clinical and biochemical “fingerprints” of tubular disorders of salt-handling and how sodium handling affects volume homeostasis but also handling of other solutes.
Potential association of the prognostic index and survival in patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Brkic Faris F. , Mayer Christina , Besser Gerold , Altorjai Gabriela , Herrmann Harald , Heiduschka Gregor , Haymerle Georg , Kadletz-Wanke Lorenz 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Background
The aim was to assess the prognostic value of the newly proposed prognostic index (PI) in patients with p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
Patients treated with primary surgery from 2012 to 2019 with available preoperative (0–2 days) values of C‑reactive protein and white blood cell counts needed for calculation of the PI, were included. Main outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The PI was dichotomized into low (PI = 0) and high (PI ≥ 1).

Results
In this study 36 patients were included. Average overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 3.3 years (range 0.2–12.3 years) and 2.8 years (0.0–9.8 years), respectively. The overall mortality was 16.7% (n = 6) and a recurrent disease was observed in 30.6% of patients (n = 11). Low PI was associated with better overall survival (mean OS 10.1 ± 1.4 years, 95% confidence interval, CI 7.3–12.9 years vs. 1.9 ± 0.4, 95% CI 1.3–2.6 years, p < 0.01; mean DFS 8.5 ± 0.7 years, 95% CI 7.1–9.6 years vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 years, 95% CI 0.5–1.5 years, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
The PI might be an easily obtainable outcome prognosticator in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Analyzing routinely obtained blood samples can contribute to identifying high-risk patients.
Individual courses and determinants of fear of cancer recurrence in long-term breast cancer survivors with and without recurrence
Authors: Heidkamp Paula , Breidenbach Clara , Hiltrop Kati , Kowalski Christoph , Enders Anna , Pfaff Holger , Weltermann Birgitta , Geiser Franziska , Ernstmann Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study investigated the prevalence, individual courses, and determinants of fear of cancer recurrence (FoR) in long-term breast cancer survivors (BCSs) with and without recurrence.

Methods
A total of 184 breast cancer survivors were surveyed at four measurement time points: during hospitalization (T1), 10 weeks (T2), 40 weeks (T3), and 5–6 years (T4) after hospital discharge. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were performed.

Results
Respondents were females and 57 years old, on average. At T1, T3, and T4, 54.8%, 31.6%, and 29.7% of BCSs, respectively, were classified as having dysfunctional levels of FoR. Dysfunctional FoR decreased from T1 to T3 (χ2(1) = 17.11, p = 0.000; N = 163) and remained stable afterwards. Eight subgroups of individual courses of FoR over time could be described: (1) constant functional FoR; (2) constant dysfunctional FoR; (3) improving from dysfunctional to functional FoR from T1 to T3; (4) improving from dysfunctional to functional FoR from T3 to T4; (5) worsening from functional to dysfunctional FoR from T1 to T3; (6) worsening from functional to dysfunctional FoR from T3 to T4; (7) dysfunctional FoR at T1 and T4, and functional FoR in between; and (8) functional FoR at T1 and T4, and dysfunctional FoR in between. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being divorced/widowed, showing high levels of fatigue, being treated by chemotherapy, and having low confidence in treatment were associated with dysfunctional FoR 5 to 6 years after diagnosis (Nagelkerkes’ Pseudo-R2 = 0.648).

Conclusions
The findings reveal that FoR is a significant issue in long-term BCSs and has the potential to become a persistent psychological strain. We emphasize the need for increased awareness of FoR among BCSs and the need for support programs.
‘Don’t forget the children’: a qualitative study when a parent is at end of life from cancer
Authors: McCaughan Eilís , Semple Cherith J. , Hanna Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Preparation for end of life is one of the greatest challenges faced by parents with cancer who have dependent children (< 18 years old), with requirement for support from professionals. The aim of this study is to explore how parents can be best supported in relation to their children, when a parent is at end of life from cancer.

Methods
This is an interpretive qualitative study, using 79 semi-structured interviews with parents at end of life (n3), bereaved parents (n21), health and social care professionals (HSCPs) (n32) and funeral directors (n23). Data were analysed thematically and triangulated.

Results
Parents are central to preparing their children for the death of a parent. Striving for everyday ordinariness, maximising social networks, maintaining hope and making preparations for the future are helpful for families when a parent is at end of life. Most HSCPs were unaware of the challenges faced by parents at end of life, and psychosocial support was often left outside the caring realm. As a result, funeral directors noted complexities faced by the families after the death. Results are discussed under four themes: (1) communication with the children as a process, (2) coping throughout the unfolding end of life experience, (3) tension and complexities at end of life and (4) preparing for the future.

Conclusions
Parents should be reassured that by involving the children early in the end of life experience when the ill-parent is ‘well enough’ to parent enables them to be actively involved in supporting their child through one of the greatest life changing event. A number of recommendations are discussed for professionals.
Praxisstudie ambulante Psychotherapie Schweiz (PAP-S): ein spezifischer Blick auf den Therapieprozess und Genderfragen
Authors: von Wyl Agnes , Crameri Aureliano , Koemeda-Lutz Margit , Tschuschke Volker , Schulthess Peter 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Praxisstudie ambulante Psychotherapie Schweiz (PAP-S) bot mit dem Sample von 362 Patient_innen und Tonaufnahmen von über der Hälfte der Therapien eine ausgezeichnete Basis, den Therapieprozess zu untersuchen. An dieser Stelle werden sog. Gendereffekte vorgestellt. Während der letzten rund 50 Jahre hat die Psychotherapieforschung keine konsistenten Forschungsergebnisse zu Gendereffekten für Patientinnen im Vergleich zu Patienten wie auch für Therapeutinnen gegenüber von Therapeuten gezeigt. Allerdings stützten sich die meisten Studien auf Fragebogenerhebungen. Untersuchungen, die Gendereffekte anhand von Tonbandaufnahmen untersuchen, sind eher selten und oft auf kleine Stichproben beschränkt. In zwei Teilstudien der PAP‑S zeigen wir, dass die am meisten sich unterscheidenden Interventionen der Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten den Geschlechtsrollenstereotypen entsprechen: Therapeutinnen intervenieren unterstützender und haltgebender, Therapeuten intervenieren konfrontativer und analytischer. Gendereffekte konnten somit auf der Ebene des Prozesses nachgewiesen werden, allerdings fanden sich keine Unterschiede zwischen dem Geschlecht von Therapeut_innen und Patient_innen hinsichtlich Outcome.