bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active commuting and the risk of obesity, hypertension and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wu Jian , Li Quanman , Feng Yu , Bhuyan Soumitra S , Tarimo Clifford Silver , Zeng Xin , Wu Cuiping , Chen Ning , Miao Yudong 
Published: June 2021

Active commuting may hold a potential for preventing adverse health outcomes. However, evidence of the association of active commuting and the risk of health outcomes remains debatable. The current study systematically and quantitatively summarised research findings on the association between active commuting and the risk of the mentioned health outcomes. We comprehensively searched four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Open Grey) from inception to 2 August 2020 for observational studies investigating the associations among adult population. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated for the association. Heterogeneity was investigated using Cochran’s Q test and the I2 statistic. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate linear and nonlinear relations. The search yielded 7581 initial references. We included 28 articles in the meta-analysis. Compared with inactive commuting, active commuting reduced the risk of obesity (RR=0.88, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.94, I2=69.1%), hypertension (RR=0.95, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.04, I2=82.2%) and diabetes (RR=0.82, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.90, I2=44.5%). Restricted cubic splines showed linear associations between active commuting and obesity, hypertension and diabetes (Pnonlinearity=0.640; Pnonlinearity=0.886; Pnonlinearity=0.099). As compared with the lowest active commuting group, the risk of obesity, hypertension and diabetes in the highest active commuting group were reduced by 13% (95% CI 0.82 to 0.93, I2=65.2%); 6% (95% CI 0.86 to 1.02, I2=75.2%) and 19% (95% CI 0.73 to 0.91, I2=49.8%) respectively. Active commuting seemed to be associated with lower risk of obesity, hypertension and diabetes. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously because this meta-analysis was based solely on observational studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020202723.
Qualitative evaluation of primary care providers’ experiences caring for frequent users of the emergency department
Authors: Brunner Laureline , Canepa Allen Marina , Malebranche Mary , Hudon Catherine , Senn Nicolas , Hugli Olivier , Vu Francis , Akré Christina , Bodenmann Patrick 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesMany interventions have been developed over the years to offer frequent users of the emergency department (FUEDs) better access to quality coordinated healthcare. Despite recognising the role primary care physicians (PCPs) play in FUEDs’ care, to date their perceptions of case management, the most studied intervention, have rarely been assessed. Furthermore, a gap regarding PCPs’ experience of caring for FUEDs persists. Thus, this study aimed to explore PCPs’ perceptions of the care provided to FUEDs in emergency and primary care settings, their views on the local case management team (CMT), and their suggestions to improve FUEDs’ care.DesignQualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews and inductive thematic analysis.SettingCanton of Vaud, Switzerland.ParticipantsThirty PCPs participated, 16 in private practice (PP-PCPs) and 14 based at the Lausanne University Centre of General Medicine and Public Health (Unisanté—U-PCPs).ResultsU-PCPs and PP-PCPs thought that most FUEDs’ emergency department (ED) visits were legitimate, but questioned ED adequacy to meet FUEDs’ needs. Yet, both PCP groups reported encountering many challenges in FUEDs’ care themselves. In this context, PP-PCPs seemed more satisfied of the care they provided to FUEDs than U-PCPs. Generally, U-PCPs seemed to find more value in the CMT to help them care for FUEDs than PP-PCPs. To enhance FUEDs’ care, U-PCPs and PP-PCPs suggested enhancing collaboration with other healthcare providers. U-PCPs also wished to increase their availability, and some PP-PCPs considered outpatient clinics, larger group practices or medical centres most appropriate to handle FUEDs’ needs.ConclusionsThis study highlights the many challenges PCPs face in caring for FUEDs, that a CM intervention has the potential to mitigate, and provides ways forward in improving FUEDs’ care, including reinforced communication with the CMT and ED physicians, and structural changes to their own way of delivering care to FUEDs.
Sub-horizon modes and growth index in a linear scalar cosmological perturbations
Authors: Capistrano Abraão J. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe test a four dimensional cosmological model embedded in a five dimensional bulk space by means of the dynamical Nash-Greene theorem. In a fluid approach, we apply a joint likelihood analysis to the data with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for cosmological parameter estimation. We use recent datasets as the “Gold 2018” growth-rate data, the Planck2018/$$\varLambda $$ΛCDM data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, the Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements, the Pantheon Supernovae type Ia and the data on the Hubble parameterH(z) with redshift ranging from$$0.01< z < 2.3$$0.01<z<2.3. Performing the Information Criterion (IC) analysis, we find that the present model is in very good agreement with observations with a close statistical equivalence withwCDM cosmologies at 1-$$\sigma $$σlevel with a slightly larger growth profiles. By modifications of () code, we make a comparison between the models on their unlensed CMB TT temperature spectra. Moreover, the proposed model presents a low power spectrum by the reduction of the ISW effect at lower multipoles. We also find that the overall percentage relative difference of the growth index$$\varDelta \gamma (\%)$$Δγ(%)is up to 1.4$$\%$$%as compared towCDM pattern in sub-horizon scales.
Strategies in Overcoming Homologous Recombination Proficiency and PARP Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Goel Nidhi , Foxall McKenzie E. , Scalise Carly Bess , Wall Jaclyn A. , Arend Rebecca C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States and the most common cause of gynecologic cancer–related death. The majority of ovarian cancers ultimately recur despite excellent response rates to upfront platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy. Maintenance therapy after frontline treatment has emerged in recent years as an effective tool for extending the platinum-free interval of these patients. Maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors (PARPis), in particular, has become part of standard of care in the upfront setting and in patients with platinum-sensitive disease. Homologous recombination deficient (HRD) tumors have a nonfunctioning homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway and respond well to PARPis, which takes advantage of synthetic lethality by concomitantly impairing DNA repair mechanisms. Conversely, patients with a functioning HRR pathway, that is, HR-proficient tumors, can still elicit benefit from PARPi, but the efficacy is not as remarkable as what is seen in HRD tumors. PARPis are ineffective in some patients due to HR proficiency, which is either inherent to the tumor or potentially acquired as a method of therapeutic resistance. This review seeks to outline current strategies employed by clinicians and scientists to overcome PARPi resistance—either acquired or inherent to the tumor.
Current Development of Glioblastoma Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Wang Zilai , Peet Norton P. , Zhang Pin , Jiang Yuwei , Rong Lijun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans. Over the past several decades, despite improvements in neurosurgical techniques, development of powerful chemotherapeutic agents, advances in radiotherapy, and comprehensive genomic profiling and molecular characterization, treatment of GBM has achieved very limited success in increasing overall survival. Thus, identifying and understanding the key molecules and barriers responsible for the malignant phenotypes and treatment resistance of GBM will yield new potential therapeutic targets. We review the most recent development of receptor tyrosine kinase targeted therapy for GBM and discuss the current status of several novel strategies with the emphasis on blood–brain barrier penetration as a major obstacle for small-molecule drugs to achieve their therapeutic goals. Likewise, a major opportunity for the treatment of GBM lies in the use of biomarkers for the discovery and development of new receptor tyrosine kinase targeted therapy.
Flowering plants of Agumbe region, central Western Ghats, Karnataka, India
Authors: Rao G.S. Adithya , Krishnamurthy Y.L. 
Published: June 2021

Agumbe, the Cherrapunji of southern India, is a bastion of rich endemic flora. In the present study of random sampling, a total of 570 species of flowering plants were collected belonging to 370 genera and 105 families, including a few endemic and Red Listed medicinal plants such as Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb., Dipterocarpus indicus Bedd., Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd. ex C.DC., Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb., Hopea canarensis Hole, Calophyllum apetalum Willd., Adenia hondala (Gaertn.) W.J.de Wilde, and Myristica dactyloides Gaertn. Family Leguminosae contributes the maximum number of species (47 species) followed by Rubiaceae (32 species) and Asteraceae (27 species) and Genera Ficus (9 species), Diospyros (8 species) and Syzygium (7 species) are the dominant genera. Trees (185 species) are the dominant species followed by herbs (162 species), climbers (117 species), shrubs (62 species), grasses and sedges (19 species), epiphytes (15 species) and parasites (10 species).
Natural history notes on the highly threatened Pinto’s Chachalaca Ortalis remota (Aves: Cracidae)
Authors: Gussoni Carlos Otávio Araujo , Da Silva Marco Aurélio Galvão 
Published: June 2021

Pinto’s Chachalaca (Ortalis remota Pinto, 1960; Aves: Cracidae) is one of the most threatened cracid species on the planet, and information regarding the species’ natural history is virtually inexistent. In this study, we report the results of field observations of the species conducted between January and December 2018. The observations show that they live preferably in pairs and feed on fruits such as Cecropia pachystachya and Psidium guajava. Perches used by the species are, preferably, green branches at about 5.5m above the ground with 48° inclination. Juveniles were found in January, and subadults in May.
Occurrence of gilled fungi in Puducherry, India
Authors: Kumaresan Vadivelu , Sariha Chakravarthy , Murali Thokur Sreepathy , Senthilarasu Gunasekaran 
Published: June 2021

Thirty-three species of gilled fungi belonging to 23 genera and 14 families were recorded from Puducherry, southern India. Agaricaceae were represented by eight species, followed by Psathyrellaceae (5), Lyophyllaceae & Marasmiaceae (3 each), Hymenogastraceae, Pleurotaceae, Pluteaceae, & Polyporaceae (2 each), and Biannulariaceae, Bolbitiaceae, Omphalotaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Strophariaceae, & Tricholomataceae (1 each). Fourteen species of agarics are new reports from Puducherry. Chlorophyllum rhacodes, Lactocollybia epia, Leucoagaricus meleagris, and Schizophyllum commune were widely distributed. Phylogenetic relationships of the abundant species C. rhacodes, L. epia, and L. meleagris were inferred by maximum likelihood method.
Erythropoietin Use and the Risk of Stroke in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hung Peir‐Haur , Yeh Chih‐Ching , Hsiao Chih‐Yen , Muo Chih‐Hsin , Hung Kuan‐Yu , Tsai Kuen‐Jer 
Published: June 2021

Background
Targeting higher hemoglobin levels with erythropoietin to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, including that of stroke. The risks of the subtypes of stroke, ischemic, hemorrhagic, and unspecified, following the administration of erythropoietin in patients with end‐stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis remain unclear.

Methods and results
Overall, 12 948 adult patients with end‐stage renal disease treated during 1999 to 2010 who had undergone hemodialysis were included. The study end points were the incidences of stroke and its subtypes. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of stroke and its subtypes in erythropoietin recipients compared with nonrecipients. Patients in the erythropoietin cohort did not have an increased risk of stroke compared with those in the nonerythropoietin cohort (adjusted HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.92–1.15). Compared with patients in the nonerythropoietin cohort, the risks of ischemic, hemorrhagic, or unspecified stroke were not higher in patients in the erythropoietin cohort (adjusted HRs, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.93–1.26], 0.96 [95% CI, 0.78–1.18], and 1.03 [95% CI, 0.80–1.32], respectively). Increased risks of stroke and its subtypes were not observed with even large annual defined daily doses of erythropoietin (>201).

Conclusions
Erythropoietin in patients receiving hemodialysis is not associated with increased risk of stroke or any of its subtypes.
Dose-Response Relationship Between Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Li Chenglong , Ma Yanjun , Hua Rong , Yang Zhenchun , Zhong Baoliang , Wang Hongyu , Xie Wuxiang 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose:
We aimed to test whether higher long-term blood pressure variability was associated with accelerated rate of cognitive decline and evaluate potential dose-response relationship.

Methods:

Original survey data from the Health and Retirement Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used. Standardized
Z
score of cognitive function was the main outcome measure. Visit-to-visit blood pressure SD, coefficient of variation, and variation independent of mean were used. Linear mixed model and restricted spline were applied to assess association and explore dose-response pattern. Segmented regression was used to analyze dose-response relationship and estimate turning point. Meta-analysis using random-effects model was conducted to pool results, with
I

2

used to test heterogeneity.

Results:

A total of 12 298 dementia-free participants were included (mean age: 64.6±8.6 years). Significant association was observed between blood pressure variability and cognitive decline. Each 10% increment in coefficient of variation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was associated with accelerated global cognitive decline of 0.026 SD/y (95% CI, 0.016–0.036,
P<
0.001) and 0.022 SD/y (95% CI, 0.017–0.027,
P<
0.001), respectively. Nonlinear dose-response relationship was found (
P<
0.001 for nonlinearity), with clear turning point observed (
P<
0.001 for change in slopes).

Conclusions:
Higher long-term blood pressure variability was associated with accelerated cognitive decline among general adults aged ≥50 years, with nonlinear dose-response relationship. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to evaluate potential benefits of blood pressure variability-lowering strategies from a cognitive health perspective.
Administrative Law in the Automated State
Authors: Coglianese Cary 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the future, administrative agencies will rely increasingly on digital automation powered by machine learning algorithms. Can U.S. administrative law accommodate such a future? Not only might a highly automated state readily meet long-standing administrative law principles, but the responsible use of machine learning algorithms might perform even better than the status quo in terms of fulfilling administrative law's core values of expert decision-making and democratic accountability. Algorithmic governance clearly promises more accurate, data-driven decisions. Moreover, due to their mathematical properties, algorithms might well prove to be more faithful agents of democratic institutions. Yet even if an automated state were smarter and more accountable, it might risk being less empathic. Although the degree of empathy in existing human-driven bureaucracies should not be overstated, a large-scale shift to government by algorithm will pose a new challenge for administrative law: ensuring that an automated state is also an empathic one.
Deconstruction (Not Destruction)
Authors: Nielson Aaron L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The administrative state should be deconstructed. But that does not mean that the administrative state should be destructed. Although some may use the word deconstruction in the colloquial sense of destroyed, its more technical definition is also more fitting: a close examination of a theory to reveal its inadequacies. That definition is a better fit because there is no real prospect that modern government will be radically overhauled, but there is very good reason to reexamine the administrative state's theoretical underpinnings and reform aspects of it that have not withstood the test of the time. This essay identifies where theory and practice diverge and offers solutions with realistic chances of adoption. The result should not be the destruction of the administrative state but rather the development of higher-quality federal policy.
Popularising and Personalising an Illustrated Herbal in Dutch
Authors: van Leerdam Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Who were illustrated herbals intended for, who were the actual readers and how did they use these books? The case of the Dutch herbal Den groten herbarius met al sijn figueren (“The great herbal with all its figures”) sheds light on book producers’ strategies of popularisation and readers’ strategies of personalisation. Between 1514 and 1547, at least six illustrated folio editions appeared, with connections to German and English herbal traditions. The work’s paratexts point to a wide intended audience and to a key role for the illustrations in popularisation strategies. Early modern users’ traces in a corpus of 27 individual copies reveal owners from a variety of backgrounds who seem to share a predominantly practical interest in remedies. The article focuses on three pervasive practices of personalisation that offer new perspectives on readers’ engagement with materia medica: tagging recipes and plant names, attaching pins to the pages, and colouring woodcuts.
Aerosol–Ice Formation Closure: A Southern Great Plains Field Campaign
Authors: Knopf D. A. , Barry K. R. , Brubaker T. A. , Jahl L. G. , Jankowski K. A. , Li J. , Lu Y. , Monroe L. W. , Moore K. A. , Rivera-Adorno F. A. , Sauceda K. A. , Shi Y. , Tomlin J. M. , Vepuri H. S. K. , Wang P. , Lata N. N. , Levin E. J. T. , Creamean J. M. , Hill T. C. J. , China S. , Alpert P. A. , Moffet R. C. , Hiranuma N. , Sullivan R. C. , Fridlind A. M. , West M. , Riemer N. , Laskin A. , DeMott P. J. , Liu X. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrediction of ice formation in clouds presents one of the grand challenges in the atmospheric sciences. Immersion freezing initiated by ice-nucleating particles (INPs) is the dominant pathway of primary ice crystal formation in mixed-phase clouds, where supercooled water droplets and ice crystals coexist, with important implications for the hydrological cycle and climate. However, derivation of INP number concentrations from an ambient aerosol population in cloud-resolving and climate models remains highly uncertain. We conducted an aerosol–ice formation closure pilot study using a field-observational approach to evaluate the predictive capability of immersion freezing INPs. The closure study relies on collocated measurements of the ambient size-resolved and single-particle composition and INP number concentrations. The acquired particle data serve as input in several immersion freezing parameterizations, which are employed in cloud-resolving and climate models, for prediction of INP number concentrations. We discuss in detail one closure case study in which a front passed through the measurement site, resulting in a change of ambient particle and INP populations. We achieved closure in some circumstances within uncertainties, but we emphasize the need for freezing parameterization of potentially missing INP types and evaluation of the choice of parameterization to be employed. Overall, this closure pilot study aims to assess the level of parameter details and measurement strategies needed to achieve aerosol–ice formation closure. The closure approach is designed to accurately guide immersion freezing schemes in models, and ultimately identify the leading causes for climate model bias in INP predictions.
Impact of Covid-19 on Informal Sector: A Study of Women Domestic Workers in India
Authors: Sumalatha B. S. , Bhat Lekha D. , Chitra K. P. 
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has left severe impact on livelihood, security and health of informal sector workers, especially domestic workers, majority of whom are women. Being least organised and lacking institutional support, domestic workers are extremely vulnerable to exploitation and human rights violations, and the pandemic has aggravated the situation. Telephonic interviews were conducted with 260 domestic workers from three cities, namely Delhi, Mumbai and Kochi with focus on working conditions, livelihood and household dynamics, health scenario and state support during the pandemic. The data was substantiated with qualitative inputs from in-depth interviews conducted with 12 domestic workers across the cities. In the results, widespread job loss is reported among domestic workers during March–June 2020 along with drastically reduced income and increased workload. About 57% domestic workers reported stigma and discrimination at workplace, and 40% worked without any safety measures. Incidence of domestic violence at home, increased work burden at home, issues in access to health care, etc., were reported. The study findings point out the urgent need to have a national-level policy and state support specifically targeting women domestic workers, without which the situation of poverty, health hazards and social exclusion will continue to exist. JEL Code: J4, J46
Chest x-ray scoring as a predictor of COVID-19 disease; correlation with comorbidities and in-hospital mortality
Authors: Singh Aparajita , Lim Yoke Hong , Annamalaisamy Rajesh , Koteyar Shyam Sunder , Chandran Suresh , Kanodia Avinash Kumar , Khanna Navin 
Published: June 2021

Objectives To devise a novel, simple chest x-ray (CXR) scoring system which would help in prognosticating the disease severity and ability to predict comorbidities and in-hospital mortality. Methods We included a total of 343 consecutive hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in this study. The chest x-rays of these patients were scored retrospectively by three radiologists independently. We divided CXR in to six zones (right upper, mid & lower and left, upper mid & lower zones). We scored each zone as- 0, 1 or 2 as follows- if that zone was clear (0) Ground glass opacity (1) or Consolidation (2). A total of score from 0 to 12 could be obtained. Results A CXR score cut off ≥3 independently predicted mortality. Along with a relatively higher NPV ≥80%, it reinforced the importance of CXR score is a screening tool to triage patients according to risk of mortality. Conclusions We propose that Pennine score is a simple tool which can be adapted by various countries, experiencing a large surge in number of patients, to decide which patient would need a tertiary Hospital referral/admission as opposed to patients that can be managed locally or at basic/primary care hospitals.