bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
16S rRNA gene and 18S rRNA gene diversity in microbial mat communities in meltwater ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Jackson Eleanor E. , Hawes Ian , Jungblut Anne D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe undulating ice of the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Southern Victoria Land, supports one of the largest networks of ice-based, multiyear meltwater pond habitats in Antarctica, where microbial mats are abundant and contribute most of the biomass and biodiversity. We used 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing to compare variance of the community structure in microbial mats within and between ponds with different salinities and pH. Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were the most abundant phyla, and composition at OTU level was highly specific for the meltwater ponds with strong community sorting along the salinity gradient. Our study provides the first detailed evaluation of eukaryote communities for the McMurdo Ice Shelf using the 18S rRNA gene. They were dominated by Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta and Ciliophora, consistent with previous microscopic analyses, but many OTUs belonging to less well-described heterotrophic protists from Antarctic ice shelves were also identified including Amoebozoa, Rhizaria and Labyrinthulea. Comparison of 16S and 18S rRNA gene communities showed that the Eukaryotes had lower richness and greater similarity between ponds in comparison with Bacteria and Archaea communities on the McMurdo Ice shelf. While there was a weak correlation between community dissimilarity and geographic distance, the congruity of microbial assemblages within ponds, especially for Bacteria and Archaea, implies strong habitat filtering in ice shelf meltwater pond ecosystems, especially due to salinity. These findings help to understand processes that are important in sustaining biodiversity and the impact of climate change on ice-based aquatic habitats in Antarctica.
Tropical cyclone contribution to extreme rainfall over southwest Pacific Island nations
Authors: Deo Anil , Chand Savin S. , Ramsay Hamish , Holbrook Neil J. , McGree Simon , Magee Andrew , Bell Samuel , Titimaea Mulipola , Haruhiru Alick , Malsale Philip , Mulitalo Silipa , Daphne Arieta , Prakash Bipen , Vainikolo Vaiola , Koshiba Shirley 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSouthwest Pacific nations are among some of the worst impacted and most vulnerable globally in terms of tropical cyclone (TC)-induced flooding and accompanying risks. This study objectively quantifies the fractional contribution of TCs to extreme rainfall (hereafter, TC contributions) in the context of climate variability and change. We show that TC contributions to extreme rainfall are substantially enhanced during active phases of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and by El Niño conditions (particularly over the eastern southwest Pacific region); this enhancement is primarily attributed to increased TC activity during these event periods. There are also indications of increasing intensities of TC-induced extreme rainfall events over the past few decades. A key part of this work involves development of sophisticated Bayesian regression models for individual island nations in order to better understand the synergistic relationships between TC-induced extreme rainfall and combinations of various climatic drivers that modulate the relationship. Such models are found to be very useful for not only assessing probabilities of TC- and non-TC induced extreme rainfall events but also evaluating probabilities of extreme rainfall for cases with different underlying climatic conditions. For example, TC-induced extreme rainfall probability over Samoa can vary from ~ 95 to ~ 75% during a La Niña period, if it coincides with an active or inactive phase of the MJO, and can be reduced to ~ 30% during a combination of El Niño period and inactive phase of the MJO. Several other such cases have been assessed for different island nations, providing information that have potentially important implications for planning and preparing for TC risks in vulnerable Pacific Island nations.
A potential feedback loop underlying glacial-interglacial cycles
Authors: Weinans Els , Omta Anne Willem , van Voorn George A. K. , van Nes Egbert H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe sawtooth-patterned glacial-interglacial cycles in the Earth’s atmospheric temperature are a well-known, though poorly understood phenomenon. Pinpointing the relevant mechanisms behind these cycles will not only provide insights into past climate dynamics, but also help predict possible future responses of the Earth system to changing CO$$_2$$

2

levels. Previous work on this phenomenon suggests that the most important underlying mechanisms are interactions between marine biological production, ocean circulation, temperature and dust. So far, interaction directions (i.e., what causes what) have remained elusive. In this paper, we apply Convergent Cross-Mapping (CCM) to analyze paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic records to elucidate which mechanisms proposed in the literature play an important role in glacial-interglacial cycles, and to test the directionality of interactions. We find causal links between ocean ventilation, biological productivity, benthic $$\delta ^{18}$$

δ
18

O and dust, consistent with some but not all of the mechanisms proposed in the literature. Most importantly, we find evidence for a potential feedback loop from ocean ventilation to biological productivity to climate back to ocean ventilation. Here, we propose the hypothesis that this feedback loop of connected mechanisms could be the main driver for the glacial-interglacial cycles.
Ein Case-Management-Fragebogen für Angehörige geriatrischer Patienten
Authors: Schmitt Julian , Warkentin Nicole , Wilfling Denise , Steinhäuser Jost , Götz Katja 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Versorgungskonzepte, die zu einer Entlastung der pflegenden Angehörige beitragen, werden dringend benötigt. „Regional ununterbrochen betreut im Netz“ (RubiN), welches mit einem Care-und-Case-Management in Ärztenetzen die Versorgung von geriatrischen Patienten unterstützen soll, zielt auch darauf ab, Angehörige zu entlasten. Ziele waren daher die Entwicklung und psychometrische Überprüfung eines Fragebogens, der die Zufriedenheit und Akzeptanz mit der Versorgung durch ein Case Management (CM) aus Perspektive der Angehörigen erfasst.

Methodik
Es wurde ein „Mixed-methods“-Design zur Konzeptualisierung des Fragebogens gewählt. Neben der Entwicklung des Fragebogens anhand qualitativer Interviews sowie eigener Projekt- und Studienerfahrungen erfolgten die Pilotierung und anschließende psychometrische Überprüfung des Fragebogens in den 5 teilnehmenden RubiN-Ärztenetzen. Von Mai bis August 2020 fand die Befragung in den Ärztenetzen statt. Jedes der 5 beteiligten Ärztenetze erhielt ein Set mit je 50 Fragebogen für Angehörige. Das Fragebogenkonstrukt wurde psychometrisch überprüft.

Ergebnisse
Der konzipierte Fragebogen bestand aus 11 Items. Insgesamt nahmen 137 Angehörige an der Befragung teil (Rücklaufquote 55 %). Die Angehörigen waren mit der angebotenen Versorgung sehr zufrieden (78,1 %). Des Weiteren zeigten die Daten sehr geringe fehlende Werte auf. Die 11 Items des Fragebogens luden auf 2 Faktoren. Faktor 1 „Auswirkungen durch die Koordination“ wies eine interne Konsistenz von 0,843 und Faktor 2 „Erreichbarkeit“ eine interne Konsistenz von 0,683 auf.

Diskussion
Der Fragenbogen umfasst die Akzeptanz und Zufriedenheit der angebotenen Versorgungselemente für Angehörige mit einem geriatrischen CM und zeichnet sich mit 11 Items durch seine Kürze aus.
Human-driven genetic differentiation in a managed red deer population
Authors: Reiner Gerald , Klein C. , Lang M. , Willems H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNineteen red deer areas in a densely populated region with a huge network of fenced motorways and the division into administrative management units (AMUs) with restricted ecological connectivity were investigated. In the season 2018/2019, a total of 1291 red deer samples (on average 68 per area) were collected and genotyped using 16 microsatellite markers. The results show a clear genetic differentiation between most of the AMUs. Fourteen AMUs may be combined into four regions with a considerable internal genetic exchange. Five areas were largely isolated or showed only a limited gene flow with neighbouring areas. Ten of the 19 AMUs had an effective population size below 100. Effective population sizes greater than 500–1000, required to maintain the evolutionary potential and a long-term adaptation potential, were not achieved by any of the studied AMUs, even when AMUs with an appreciable genetic exchange were aggregated. Substantial genetic differentiation between areas can be associated with the presence of landscape barriers hindering gene flow, but also with the maintenance of ‘red deer–free’ areas. Efforts to sustainably preserve the genetic diversity of the entire region should therefore focus on measures ensuring genetic connectivity. Opportunities for this goal arise from the establishment of game bridges over motorways and from the protection of young male stags migrating through the statutory ‘red deer–free’ areas.
Spectral symmetry in conference matrices
Authors: Haemers Willem H. , Parsaei Majd Leila 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA conference matrix of order n is an $$n\times n$$

n
×
n

matrix C with diagonal entries 0 and off-diagonal entries $$\pm 1$$

±
1

satisfying $$CC^\top =(n-1)I$$

C

C
⊤

=

(
n
-
1
)

I

. If C is symmetric, then C has a symmetric spectrum $$\Sigma $$
Σ
(that is, $$\Sigma =-\Sigma $$

Σ
=
-
Σ

) and eigenvalues $$\pm \sqrt{n-1}$$

±

n
-
1

. We show that many principal submatrices of C also have symmetric spectrum, which leads to examples of Seidel matrices of graphs (or, equivalently, adjacency matrices of complete signed graphs) with a symmetric spectrum. In addition, we show that some Seidel matrices with symmetric spectrum can be characterized by this construction.
The development of low-temperature heat-treatable high-pressure die-cast Al–Mg–Fe–Mn alloys with Zn
Authors: Zhu Xiangzhen , Liu Fuchu , Wang Shihao , Ji Shouxun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present work, a novel low-temperature heat-treatable recycled die-cast Al–Mg alloy was developed by adding Zn into non-heat-treatable Al–5Mg–1.5Fe–0.5Mn alloy. The results showed that Zn additions resulted in the formation of equilibrium phase T-Mg32(Al, Zn)49 under as-cast condition, which can be dissolved into the α-Al matrix at a relatively low solution temperature (430 °C) and thus set the base for the low-temperature heat treatment. The mechanical test results indicated that Zn additions had a smooth liner improvement in the strength of all as-cast alloys and T6-state alloys with 1% and 2% Zn as its concentration increased but resulted in a sharp improvement on the strength of T6-state alloy when Zn concentration increased from 2 to 3%. TEM analysis revealed that the precipitate in T6-state Al–5Mg–1.5Fe–0.5Mn–3Zn alloy is η′ phase, rather than the widely reported T″ or T′ phase in other Al–Mg–Zn alloys with approximately same Mg and Zn concentrations. After the optimized low-temperature T6 heat treatment (solution at 430 °C for 60 min and ageing at 120 °C for 16 h), the Al–5Mg–1.5Fe–0.5Mn–3Zn alloy exhibits the yield strength of 321 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 445 MPa and elongation of 6.2%.
Presentation of a new mutation in FMF and evaluating the frequency of distribution of the MEFV gene mutation in our region with clinical findings
Authors: Arpacı Abdullah , Doğan Serdar , Erdoğan Hazal Fatma , El Çiğdem , Cura Sibel Elmacıoğlu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFamilial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), which is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent self-limiting fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, arthritis and erysipelas-like erythemas, has been common among ethnic groups such as Turkish, Armenian, Arabic and Jewish. The clinical presentation is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene encoding the Pyrin protein. In this study, we aimed to present a new mutation that has not been previously defined from the mutations in the MEFV gene which is responsible for the genetic pathology of familial Mediterranean fever and to evaluate the frequency of distribution of the MEFV gene mutation among different ethnic groups living in our region. In present retrospective study, a total of 2639 clinically suspected FMF patients who were referred to Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hospital between 2010 and 2017 were recorded. MEFV gene mutations were observed using DNA sequence analysis. MEFV mutations were found in 2079 of the 2639 patients (78.7%) Among these patients 184 (6.97%) were homozygous, while 1365 (51.72%) were heterozygous. The most frequently observed mutation was R202Q (1319, 19.55%) followed by E148Q (n = 476, 7.05%), M694V (n = 439, 6.51%), V726A (n = 146, 2.16%) and M680I (n = 135, 2%). In a case clinically diagnosed as FMF, a new mutation called S145G (p. Ser145Gly, c.433A > G) was identified in exon 2 of the MEFV gene. Besides, addition of a new pathogenic MEFV variant to the literature, the relationship between the FMF clinic and homozygous form of R202Q, which was previously considered as a polymorphism, was highlighted.
Visual exploration of visual parser execution
Authors: Costagliola Gennaro , De Rosa Mattia , Fuccella Vittorio , Minas Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present ParVis, an interactive visual system for the animated visualization of logged parser trace executions. The system allows a parser implementer to create a visualizer for generated parsers by simply defining a JavaScript module that maps each logged parser instruction into a set of events driving the visual system interface. The result is a set of interacting graphical/text windows that allows users to explore logged parser executions and helps them to have a complete understanding of how the parser behaves during its execution on a given input. We used our system to visualize the behavior of textual as well as visual parsers and describe here two of these uses. Moreover, in order to validate the efficacy of our system, we ran a user experiment where students analyzed a CUP-generated parser both with ParVis, instantiated to LALR parsers, and the standard CUP debug facilities. The results show that students can indeed analyze parser behavior and find mistakes in parser specifications more easily and quickly using ParVis. In particular, in some parser design tasks, using ParVis participants achieved a higher success rate of 50% in 42% less time with respect to the baseline system.
Design space exploration for flexibility assessment and decision making support in integrated industrial building design
Authors: Reisinger Julia , Knoll Maximilian , Kovacic Iva 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndustrial buildings play a major role in sustainable development, producing and expending a significant amount of resources, energy and waste. Due to product individualization and accelerating technological advances in manufacturing, industrial buildings strive for highly flexible building structures to accommodate constantly evolving production processes. However, common sustainability assessment tools do not respect flexibility metrics and manufacturing and building design processes run sequentially, neglecting discipline-specific interaction, leading to inflexible solutions. In integrated industrial building design (IIBD), incorporating manufacturing and building disciplines simultaneously, design teams are faced with the choice of multiple conflicting criteria and complex design decisions, opening up a huge design space. To address these issues, this paper presents a parametric design process for efficient design space exploration in IIBD. A state-of-the-art survey and multiple case study are conducted to define four novel flexibility metrics and to develop a unified design space, respecting both building and manufacturing requirements. Based on these results, a parametric design process for automated structural optimization and quantitative flexibility assessment is developed, guiding the decision-making process towards increased sustainability. The proposed framework is tested on a pilot-project of a food and hygiene production, evaluating the design space representation and validating the flexibility metrics. Results confirmed the efficiency of the process that an evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm can be implemented in future research to enable multidisciplinary design optimization for flexible industrial building solutions.
Temperature, climate change, and birth weight: evidence from Hungary
Authors: Hajdu Tamás , Hajdu Gábor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyze the impact of in utero temperature exposure on the birth weight and an indicator for low birth weight using administrative data on singleton live births conceived between 2000 and 2016 in Hungary. We find that exposure to high temperatures during pregnancy decreases birth weight, but its impact on the probability of low birth weight is weaker. Exposure to one additional hot day (mean temperature > 25 °C) during the gestation period reduces birth weight by 0.46 g, relative to a 15–20 °C day. The second and third trimesters appear to be slightly more sensitive to temperature exposure than the first trimester. We project that climate change will decrease birth weight and increase the prevalence of low birth weight by the mid-twenty-first century. The projected impacts are the strongest for newborns conceived during the winter and spring months.
Forage yield and quality estimation by means of UAV and hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Geipel J. , Bakken A. K. , Jørgensen M. , Korsaeth A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of in-season airborne hyperspectral imaging for the calibration of robust forage yield and quality estimation models. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a hyperspectral imager were used to capture canopy reflections of a grass-legume mixture in the range of 450 nm to 800 nm. Measurements were performed over two years at two locations in Southeast and Central Norway. All images were subject to radiometric and geometric corrections before being processed to ortho-images, carrying canopy reflectance information. The data (n = 707) was split in two, using half the data for model calibration and the remaining half for validation. Several powered partial least squares regression (PPLSR) models were fitted to the reflectance data to estimate fresh (FM) and dry matter (DM) yields, as well as crude protein (CP), dry matter digestibility (DMD), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and indigestible neutral detergent fibre (iNDF) content. Prediction performance of these models was compared with the prediction performance of simple linear regression (SLR) models, which were based on selected vegetation indices and plant height. The highest prediction accuracies for general models, based on the pooled data, were achieved by means of PPLSR, with relative root-mean-square errors of validation of 14.2% (2550 kg FM ha−1), 15.2% (555 kg DM ha−1), 11.7% (1.32 g CP 100 g−1 DM), 2.4% (1.71 g DMD 100 g−1 DM), 4.8% (2.72 g NDF 100 g−1 DM), and 12.8% (1.32 g iNDF 100 g−1 DM) for the prediction of FM, DM, CP, DMD, NDF, and iNDF content, respectively. None of the tested SLR models achieved acceptable prediction accuracies.
Concentrate or diversify? The relationship between tenant concentration and REIT performance
Authors: Zheng Chen , Zhu Bing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how a concentrated tenant base affects the operating performance and market valuations of US REITs. We observe that REITs adopting a concentrated tenant base present higher corporate cash flows and lower expenses. However, we identify a concentration discount effect that REITs with a more concentrated tenant base experience lower market valuations. We argue that this concentration discount is a result of the trade-offs between the impacts of the tenant base on the operating performance, risk levels and growth potentials. We find that a concentrated tenant base is associated with higher liquidity risk and lower dividend growth, resulting in an inflated discount factor. Our findings are not subject to sub-samples of focused or diversified REITs and stay robust after correcting for the selection bias as well as controlling for the lease structure, tenant quality and anchor tenant effect.r
Conflicting roles of researchers in sustainability transitions: balancing action and reflection
Authors: Bulten Ellen , Hessels Laurens K. , Hordijk Michaela , Segrave Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProcess-oriented transdisciplinary research is generally seen as a promising approach to facilitate sustainability transitions. This type of research requires new participatory roles for researchers. These new roles may conflict with traditional, more academic roles that researchers often maintain next to their new roles. Using the Dutch transdisciplinary Knowledge-Action Programme on Water (KAP Water) as a case study, we highlight tensions that researchers adopting these new roles experience. We have observed both practical and more fundamental tensions between roles of researchers in process-oriented sustainability research. In particular, it proved difficult to combine more engaged roles, where researchers are involved in dialogues for change, with knowledge-oriented roles, where researchers focus on knowledge provision and are further removed from ‘real-world action’. Tensions arise from three sources: (1) researchers’ self-perception and expectations; (2) expectations from transdisciplinary partners, funders and researchers’ home institutions; and (3) societal convictions about what scientific knowledge is and how it should be developed. This paper contributes to the literature by enhancing the understanding of the interactions and tensions between the roles of researchers in transdisciplinary research.
Roll forming of a high strength AA7075 aluminum tube
Authors: Suckow Timon , Schroeder Julius , Groche Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe presented paper provides a modelling strategy for roll forming of a high strength AA7075 aluminum tube. Roll forming allows the cost-effective production of large quantities of long profiles. Forming of high strength aluminum brings challenges like high springback and poor formability due to the low Young’s modulus, low ductility and high yield strength. Forming processes with high strength aluminum, such as the AA7075 alloy, therefore require a detailed process design. Three different forming strategies, one double radius strategy and two W-forming strategies are discussed in the paper. The paper addresses the question whether common roll forming strategies are appropriate for the challenge of roll forming of a high strength aluminum tube. For this purpose, different forming strategies are investigated numerically regarding buckling, longitudinal strain distribution and final geometry. While geometry is quite the same for all strategies, buckling and strain distribution differ with every strategy. The result of the numerical investigation is an open tube that can be welded into a closed tube in a subsequent step. Finally, roll forming experiments are conducted and compared with the numerical results.