bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of spaceflight aboard the International Space Station on mouse estrous cycle and ovarian gene expression
Authors: Hong Xiaoman , Ratri Anamika , Choi Sungshin Y. , Tash Joseph S. , Ronca April E. , Alwood Joshua S. , Christenson Lane K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOvarian steroids dramatically impact normal homeostatic and metabolic processes of most tissues within the body, including muscle, bone, neural, immune, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. Determining the effects of spaceflight on the ovary and estrous cycle is, therefore, critical to our understanding of all spaceflight experiments using female mice. Adult female mice (n = 10) were exposed to and sacrificed on-orbit after 37 days of spaceflight in microgravity. Contemporary control (preflight baseline, vivarium, and habitat; n = 10/group) groups were maintained at the Kennedy Space Center, prior to sacrifice and similar tissue collection at the NASA Ames Research Center. Ovarian tissues were collected and processed for RNA and steroid analyses at initial carcass thaw. Vaginal wall tissue collected from twice frozen/thawed carcasses was fixed for estrous cycle stage determinations. The proportion of animals in each phase of the estrous cycle (i.e., proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus) did not appreciably differ between baseline, vivarium, and flight mice, while habitat control mice exhibited greater numbers in diestrus. Ovarian tissue steroid concentrations indicated no differences in estradiol across groups, while progesterone levels were lower (p < 0.05) in habitat and flight compared to baseline females. Genes involved in ovarian steroidogenic function were not differentially expressed across groups. As ovarian estrogen can dramatically impact multiple non-reproductive tissues, these data support vaginal wall estrous cycle classification of all female mice flown in space. Additionally, since females exposed to long-term spaceflight were observed at different estrous cycle stages, this indicates females are likely undergoing ovarian cyclicity and may yet be fertile.
Investigation on boron and iodine behavior during nuclear glass vapor hydration
Authors: Zhang Haohan , Suzuki-Muresan Tomo , Morizet Yann , Gin Stéphane , Abdelouas Abdesselam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the durability of nuclear glass in the vapor phase is essential for evaluating the long-term safety of the nuclear glass. This work studies the vapor hydration of borosilicate and iodine-bearing glass at 90 °C and relative humidity at 99%. Hydration kinetics was monitored by analyzing the boron and iodine released during the vapor hydration process. It is found that boron becomes more easily released after iodine being added to the glass matrix. The results related to boron release and retention indicate the possible transformation of tetrahedral [4]B to trigonal [3]B on the hydrated glass surface, which may enhance the release of boron in the form of boric acid afterward. Release of iodine occurred but at a far lesser extent than boron with 92% of iodine retained in the alteration layer, thus opening good perspectives with regard to the disposal of high-level waste containing iodine.
High fecal carriage of blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among healthy Korean people in a metagenomic analysis
Authors: Kim Jieun , Park Kye-Yeung , Park Hoon-Ki , Hwang Hwan-Sik , Seo Mi-Ran , Kim Bongyoung , Cho Youna , Rho Mina , Pai Hyunjoo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo characterize the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiome of healthy individuals. Fecal carriage of ARGs was investigated in 61 healthy individuals aged 30 to 59 years through whole metagenome sequencing of the gut microbiome and a targeted metagenomic approach. The number of ARGs in the gut microbiome was counted and normalized per million predicted genes (GPM). In the Korean population, the resistome ranged from 49.7 to 292.5 GPM (median 89.7). Based on the abundance of ARGs, the subjects were categorised into high (> 120 GPM), middle (60‒120 GPM), and low (< 60 GPM) ARG groups. Individuals in the high ARG group tended to visit hospitals more often (P = 0.065), particularly for upper respiratory tract infections (P = 0.066), and carried more blaCTX-M (P = 0.008). The targeted metagenome approach for bla and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes revealed a high fecal carriage rate; 23% or 13.1% of the subjects carried blaCTX-M or blaCMY-2, respectively. Regarding PMQR genes, 59% of the subjects carried PMQR, and 83% of them harboured 2‒4 PMQR genes (qnrB 44.3%, qnrS 47.5% etc.). The presence of blaCTX-M correlated with ARG abundance in the gut resistome, whereas PMQR genes were irrelevant to other ARGs (P = 0.176). Fecal carriage of blaCTX-M and PMQR genes was broad and multiplexed among healthy individuals.
Obesity is a risk factor for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression associated with alterations of metabolic activity and immune status
Authors: Yugawa Kyohei , Itoh Shinji , Iseda Norifumi , Kurihara Takeshi , Kitamura Yoshiyuki , Toshima Takeo , Harada Noboru , Kohashi Kenichi , Baba Shingo , Ishigami Kousei , Oda Yoshinao , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBody mass index (BMI) is well known to be associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. The relationship between BMI and the long-term outcomes of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is incompletely understood. This study investigated the relationships of BMI with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcomes, focusing on metabolic activity and immune status. The relationship between BMI and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was analyzed. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed for programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3). Seventy-four patients with ICC were classified into normal weight (BMI < 25.0 kg/m2, n = 48) and obesity groups (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, n = 26), respectively. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 levels were higher in the obesity group than in the normal weight group. Tumor size and the intrahepatic metastasis rate were significantly larger in the obesity group. Patients in the obesity group had significantly worse prognoses than those in the normal weight group. Moreover, BMI displayed a positive correlation with SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET/CT (n = 46, r = 0.5152). Patients with high 18F-FDG uptake had a significantly higher rate of PD-L1 expression, lower CD8 + tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) counts, and higher Foxp3 + TIL counts. The elevated BMI might predict the outcomes of patients with ICC. Obesity might be associated with ICC progression, possibly through alterations in metabolic activity and the immune status.
Genome-wide transcriptome profiling uncovers differential miRNAs and lncRNAs in ovaries of Hu sheep at different developmental stages
Authors: Shabbir Samina , Boruah Prerona , Xie Lingli , Kulyar Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam , Nawaz Mohsin , Yousuf Salsabeel , Liu Tianyi , Jabeen Farhat , Miao Xiangyang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOvary development is an important determinant of the procreative capacity of female animals. Here, we performed genome-wide sequencing of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs on ovaries of 1, 3 and 8 months old Hu sheep to assess their expression profiles and roles in ovarian development. We identified 37,309 lncRNAs, 45,404 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and 330 novel micro RNAs (miRNAs) from the transcriptomic analysis. Six thousand, seven hundred and sixteen (6716) mRNAs and 1972 lncRNAs were significantly and differentially expressed in ovaries of 1 month and 3 months old Hu sheep (H1 vs H3). These mRNAs and target genes of lncRNAs were primarily enriched in the TGF-β and PI3K-Akt signalling pathways which are closely associated with ovarian follicular development and steroid hormone biosynthesis regulation. We identified MSTRG.162061.1, MSTRG.222844.7, MSTRG.335777.1, MSTRG.334059.16, MSTRG.188947.6 and MSTRG.24344.3 as vital genes in ovary development by regulating CTNNB1, CCNA2, CDK2, CDC20, CDK1 and EGFR expressions. A total of 2903 mRNAs and 636 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in 3 and 8 months old ovaries of Hu sheep (H3 vs H8); and were predominantly enriched in PI3K-Akt, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, estrogen metabolism, ovulation from the ovarian follicle and oogenesis pathways. These lncRNAs were also found to regulate FGF7, PRLR, PTK2, AMH and INHBA expressions during follicular development. Our result indicates the identified genes participate in the development of the final stages of follicles and ovary development in Hu sheep.
Knee-related disability was largely influenced by cognitive factors and disturbed body perception in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Nishigami Tomohiko , Tanaka So , Mibu Akira , Imai Ryota , Wand Benedict Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the existence of subgroups in a cohort of people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) based upon data from multiple pain-related variables and to profile identified clusters according to levels of pain intensity and knee-related disability. Three hundred and three people with knee OA were recruited. Latent profile analysis was used to confirm the optimal number of knee OA subgroups. Body mass index, radiographic knee OA severity, pain catastrophizing, pain related self-efficacy, and knee specific self-perception, were incorporated into the model. Cluster, demographic and clinical variables were compared between the resulting classes. Four distinct classes were identified. Cluster 1 (28.7%) represented early radiographic OA, and moderate pain intensity, disability and cognitive and perceptual dysfunction. Cluster 2 (18.8%) showed advanced radiographic OA, and moderate pain intensity, disability and cognitive and perceptual dysfunction. Cluster 3 (34.3%) represented various levels of radiographic OA, and the lowest pain intensity, disability and cognitive and perceptual dysfunction. Cluster 4 (18.1%) represented various levels of radiographic OA, the highest disability and cognitive and perceptual dysfunction. Considering cognitive factors and disturbed body perception may help to explain the phenomenon of the discrepancy between the knee-related disability and the severity of radiographic knee OA.
Torque estimation of permanent magnet synchronous machine using improved voltage model flux estimator
Authors: Taherzadeh M. , Hamida M. A. , Ghanes M. , Maloum A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA torque estimator for permanent magnet synchronous machines is presented based on flux estimation. The voltage model of the machine (Faraday's law) is employed to estimate the flux where pure integrators are applied to the electromotive force (EMF) of the machine. To solve the problem of DC drift due to pure integrators, a current‐model flux estimator modified by a Kalman‐like observer is temporarily switched on to reinitialise the pure integrators. The current‐model estimator with its associated observer is activated only if the difference between the reference and estimated torque exceeds a predefined threshold. For the remainder of the operating time, only pure integrators are used to estimate flux. Furthermore, an online EMF offset detector is designed to compensate EMF offsets before integral action to avoid divergence of the estimated flux. The proposed approach allows smooth estimation at standstill compared with existing approaches that use filters. Moreover, the method allows space to be freed up at the central processing unit because it is not always highly occupied during motor operating times. The simulation and experimental results show the capabilities of the proposed torque/flux estimator.
Optimization of efficiency and output power of 8/6 switched reluctance motor using new neural network‐based adjoint Lp metric method
Authors: Rahmani Omid , Sadrossadat Sayed Alireza , Mirimani Seyyed Mehdi , Mirimani Seyyed Hossein 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, the authors present a new constrained multi‐objective optimization method for maximizing output power and efficiency of switched reluctance motor (SRM). The constraints play a significant role in this process. Artificial neural network‐based models are created to represent the SRM behaviour which is a difficult task. For this reason, a single neural network for each objective is built and the number of training data has been increased to reach a good accuracy. The authors propose a neural network‐based adjoint L

p
metric technique to combine several objective functions and constraints with different weight factors to a single function which should be minimized. To apply the constraints, an adjoint term is added to the original L

p
function including only objective functions. The flux densities of the magnetic materials are selected as the optimization constraints. When approaching as close as possible to the saturation level, the SRM has a better performance. Adding an adjoint term to the original L

p
leads to better optimization results which were proved by comparing with a conventional optimization. Also, all obtained results were finally validated by the Ansoft Maxwell software.
Hybrid DSSCS and convolutional neural network for peripheral blood cell recognition system
Authors: Joshi Shivani , Kumar Rajiv , Dwivedi Avinash 
Published: March 2021

In this study, an efficient a deep learning architecture‐based peripheral blood cell image recognition and classification is proposed using hybrid disruption‐based salp‐swarm and cat swarm (DSSCS)‐based optimized convolutional neural networks (DSSCSCNNs) method. The DSSCSCNN method is employed to overcome the hyperparameter problem in CNN and it also helps this model to work on small peripheral blood cell data sets. In the DSSCSCNN method, the authors develop a binary coding technique that converts parameter tuning problems into an optimization problem. The original salp swarm algorithm is enhanced using a disruptive operator and salp swarm optimization algorithm to form the novel DSSCS algorithm which increases the diversity of the search space by providing higher classification accuracy. In this study, the CNNs use Vgg‐16 architecture is used for training purposes. The global classification accuracy obtained when trained with the Vgg‐16 model is 97%. This method establishes a fine‐tuning process to develop a classifier trained using 15,976 images acquired from clinical practice. The proposed model gives improved performance in terms of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. In the WBC determination, the proposed approach has shown 100% achievement. It also provides the best overall classification accuracy of 99%.
Direct active damping control for grid‐connected AC/DC converter with LCL filter using augmented look‐up table
Authors: Zhang Chuanjin , Li Yutan , Jia Chenxi , Fu Hong , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to adapt the conventional direct power control (DPC) methods that are applied to ac/dc converters with an inductive capacitive inductive (LCL) filter. These new solutions improved the conventional DPC with an active damping algorithm via multi‐variable constraint adjustment, which is based on an augmented look‐up table and multi‐variable comparators. The novel look‐up table proposed for the active damping algorithm of the LCL filter allows an optimal voltage vector assignment to be chosen using differences in converter‐side current and capacitor voltage. This method is also compared with the DPC method with active damping via the addition of a virtual damping resistor and a harmonic rejection loop. The steady‐state (total harmonic distortion of the grid current) and dynamic performances (response time on step changes of the set current), as well as the immunity under distorted grid voltage conditions of the proposed system, are verified through simulation results and experimental measurements.
Investigation of correlation of design parameters in wireless power transfer system
Authors: Biswal Sushree S , Kar Durga P. , Samal Satish Kumar , Bhuyan Satyanarayan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAchieving higher power transfer efficiency with permissible output load power is a formidable challenge in designing a magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system. Consequently, to instigate the power transfer characteristics, the theoretical models based on reflected load theory as well as lumped circuit models have been employed, which have been substantiated with the experimental measurements. It has been apprehended that maximum efficiency as well as the power delivered to the load can be enriched from the depreciated value through appropriate deliberation of coil's quality factor (coil design dependent) and coupling coefficient with acceptable operating frequency under different electric load conditions. The obtained results illuminate the correlation between the maximum power transfer ability and the quality factor of the coils, as well as the coupling coefficient, under different electric load conditions.
The surface brightness–colour relations based on eclipsing binary stars and calibrated withGaiaEDR3
Authors: Graczyk D. , Pietrzyński G. , Galan C. , Gieren W. , Tkachenko A. , Anderson R. I. , Gallenne A. , Górski M. , Hajdu G. , Kałuszyński M. , Karczmarek P. , Kervella P. , Maxted P. F. L. , Nardetto N. , Narloch W. , Pavlovski K. , Pilecki B. , Pych W. , Southworth J. , Storm J. , Suchomska K. , Taormina M. , Villanova S. , Wielgórski P. , Zgirski B. , Konorski P. 
Published: March 2021

Aims.The surface brightness–colour relation (SBCR) is a basic tool for establishing precise and accurate distances within the Local Group. Detached eclipsing binary stars with accurately determined radii and trigonometric parallaxes allow calibration of the SBCRs with unprecedented accuracy.Methods.We analysed four nearby eclipsing binary stars containing late F-type main sequence components: AL Ari, AL Dor, FM Leo, and BN Scl. We determined very precise spectroscopic orbits and combined them with high-precision ground- and space-based photometry. We derived the astrophysical parameters of their components with mean errors of 0.1% for mass and 0.4% for radius. We combined those four systems with another 24 nearby eclipsing binaries with accurately known radii from the literature for whichGaiaEDR3 parallaxes are available in order to derive the SBCRs.Results.The resulting SBCRs cover stellar spectral types from B9 V to G7 V. For calibrations, we used Johnson opticalBandV,GaiaGBPandG, and 2MASSJHKbands. The most precise relations are calibrated using the infraredKband and allow angular diameters of A-, F-, and G-type dwarf and subgiant stars to be predicted with a precision of 1%.
Sport bei Adipositas – Welche kardiovaskulären Effekte können wir erwarten?
Authors: Erbs Sandra , Thiele Holger 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAdipositas ist weltweit eine der Hauptursachen für die Entwicklung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen. Der Anstieg der Adipositasprävalenz ist mit einem Mangel an körperlicher Aktivität assoziiert. Körperliche Inaktivität wurde als ein unabhängiger Prädiktor der kardiovaskulären Sterblichkeit identifiziert. Adipositas und körperliche Inaktivität tragen zur Entwicklung einer generalisierten Endotheldysfunktion als Initialstadium der Arteriosklerose bei, wobei diese bereits viele Jahre vor makroskopisch sichtbarer Manifestation arteriosklerotischer Plaques auftreten kann. Eine Imbalance zwischen Produktion und Abbau von endothelial synthetisiertem Stickstoffmonoxid, des wichtigsten endogenen Vasodilatators, führt zu einer Alteration der normalen Vasomotion hin zur Vasokonstriktion. Die Endotheldysfunktion stellt einen starken Prädiktor für das Auftreten späterer kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse dar. Interventionsprogramme zur Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität zielen daher auch darauf ab, durch eine Verbesserung oder zumindest Stabilisierung der Endothelfunktion die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität zu senken. Der zumindest partiellen Korrektur der Endotheldysfunktion durch körperliches Training via regulatorische Prozesse direkt am Endothel sowie über Modulation der im Fettgewebe sezernierten Adipozytokine kommt daher eine zentrale Rolle im Langzeitverlauf der Erkrankung zu.
Stellungnahme des „Expertenkreises Aerosole“: Aerosole und SARS-CoV-2 – Entstehung, Infektiosität, Ausbreitung und Minderung luftgetragener, virenhaltiger Teilchen in der Atemluft
Authors: Brockmann Stefan , Dittler Achim , Grün Gunnar , Haibel Michael , Iftner Thomas , Kräusslich Hans-Georg , Mizaikoff Boris , Niessner Jennifer , Richter B , Spahn Claudia , Stergiaropoulos Konstantinos , von Baum Heike 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAerosole werden gegenwärtig als einer der wesentlichen Übertragungswege für SARS-CoV-2 angesehen, doch ein umfassendes Verständnis der Prozesse und entsprechendes Handeln/Anpassen von Schutzkonzepten erfordert den Austausch von Informationen über interdisziplinäre Grenzen hinweg. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die baden-württembergische Landesregierung Anfang Oktober 2020 einen multidisziplinären „Expertenkreis Aerosole“ aus Ingenieuren, Naturwissenschaftlern und Medizinern ins Leben gerufen. In seiner Stellungnahme hat der Kreis den aktuellen Kenntnisstand in allen relevanten Fachrichtungen im Kontext der luftübertragenen SARS-CoV-2 Infektion zusammengetragen. Darin wird neben den allseits bekannten Hygiene- und Abstandsregeln die Bedeutung des richtigen Tragens wirksamer Masken hervorgehoben und der Eigen- sowie Fremdschutz verschiedener Masken gegenübergestellt. Weiterhin wird auf die Notwendigkeit des dynamischen und richtigen Lüftens hingewiesen und es werden exemplarisch Lüftungsintervalle und -zeiträume für unterschiedliche Szenarien illustriert. Auf die Wirksamkeit stationärer oder mobiler Innenraumluftfilter als ein wichtiger Baustein im Schutzkonzept wird eingegangen. Die erste Stellungnahme des Expertenkreises macht deutlich, dass die bestehenden Hygiene- und Abstandsregeln (AHA+L) nur in ihrer Kombination und richtig angewandt, den bestmöglichen Schutz vor einer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion bieten.
Laudatio für Prof. Karl Lauterbach Sc.D. anlässlich
der Verleihung der Salomon Neumann Medaille der DGSMP
Authors: Rosenbrock Rolf 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag enthält die Laudatio anlässlich der Verleihung
der Salomon-Neumann-Medaille 2020 der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Sozialmedizin und Prävention (DGSMP) an Prof. Karl Lauterbach.
Syntheses and Transformations of Sulfinamides
Authors: Qingle Zeng , Zhang Qiaoling , Xi Jufang , Ze He 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSulfinamides, especially enantiopure sulfinamides, are widely used in organic and medicinal synthesis. Syntheses and transformations of racemic and enantioenriched sulfinamides have achieved great progress. Especially sulfinamides demonstrate interesting and valuable reactivity, which deserves to be pertinent. This review summarizes the latest development in the synthesis and transformation of sulfinamides and will be helpful for future related research.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Sulfinamides2.1	Synthesis of Racemic Sulfinamides2.2	Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Sulfinamides2.3	Synthesis of Other Sulfinamides3	Transformations of Sulfinamides3.1	Condensation with Aldehydes and Ketones3.2	Reaction with Alkynes3.3	Reaction with Alkenes3.4	Reaction with Aryl and Alkyl Halides3.5	Reaction with Alcohols, Dibenzyl Ether, and Benzyl Mercaptan3.6	Synthesis of tert-Butyldisulfanyl-Substituted Hetarenes3.7	Synthesis of Asymmetric Sulfides3.8	Synthesis of N-Phosphino-sulfinamide Ligands3.9	Asymmetric Synthesis of γ-Amino Acids3.10	Sulfonylation of Heterocyclic Compounds4	Summary and Outlook