bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabic sentiment analysis about online learning to mitigate covid-19
Authors: Ali Manal Mostafa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic is forcing organizations to innovate and change their strategies for a new reality. This study collects online learning related tweets in Arabic language to perform a comprehensive emotion mining and sentiment analysis (SA) during the pandemic. The present study exploits Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to extract subjective information, determine polarity and detect the feeling. We begin with pulling out the tweets using Twitter APIs and then preparing for intensive preprocessing. Second, the National Research Council Canada (NRC) Word-Emotion Lexicon was examined to calculate the presence of the eight emotions at their emotional weight. Third, Information Gain (IG) is used as a filtering technique. Fourth, the latent reasons behind the negative sentiments were recognized and analyzed. Finally, different classification algorithms including Naïve Bayes (NB), Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were examined. The experiments reveal that the proposed model performs well in analyzing the perception of people about coronavirus with a maximum accuracy of about 89.6% using SVM classifier.
From a practical perspective, the method could be generalized to other topical domains, such as public health monitoring and crisis management. It would help public health officials identify the progression and peaks of concerns for a disease in space and time, which enables the implementation of appropriate preventive actions to mitigate these diseases.
Frequency and characterization of mutations in genes in a large cohort of patients referred to MODY registry
Authors: Breidbart Emily , Deng Liyong , Lanzano Patricia , Fan Xiao , Guo Jiancheng , Leibel Rudolph L. , LeDuc Charles A. , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There have been few large-scale studies utilizing exome sequencing for genetically undiagnosed maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a monogenic form of diabetes that is under-recognized. We describe a cohort of 160 individuals with suspected monogenic diabetes who were genetically assessed for mutations in genes known to cause MODY.

Methods
We used a tiered testing approach focusing initially on GCK and HNF1A and then expanding to exome sequencing for those individuals without identified mutations in GCK or HNF1A. The average age of onset of hyperglycemia or diabetes diagnosis was 19 years (median 14 years) with an average HbA1C of 7.1%.

Results
Sixty (37.5%) probands had heterozygous likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants in one of the MODY genes, 90% of which were in GCK or HNF1A. Less frequently, mutations were identified in PDX1, HNF4A, HNF1B, and KCNJ11. For those probands with available family members, 100% of the variants segregated with diabetes in the family. Cascade genetic testing in families identified 75 additional family members with a familial MODY mutation.

Conclusions
Our study is one of the largest and most ethnically diverse studies using exome sequencing to assess MODY genes. Tiered testing is an effective strategy to genetically diagnose atypical diabetes, and familial cascade genetic testing identified on average one additional family member with monogenic diabetes for each mutation identified in a proband.
How to express evolution in English Pokémon names
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto , Moore Jeff 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article contributes to the studies of sound symbolism, systematic relationships between sounds and meanings. Specifically, we build on a series of studies conducted within a research paradigm called “Pokémonastics,” which uses the Pokémon universe to explore sound symbolic patterns. Inspired by a study of existing English Pokémon names, two experiments were conducted in which English speakers were provided with pairs of pre-evolution and post-evolution Pokémon characters, the latter of which were larger. The participants were given two name choices whose members were systematically different in some phonological properties. The results show the following sound symbolic patterns to be productive: (1) names with higher segment counts are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names with lower segment counts, (2) names containing [a] are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing [i], (3) names containing [u] are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing [i], and (4) names containing coronal consonants are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing labial consonants. Overall, the current results suggest that phonological considerations come into play when English speakers name new fictional creatures. Implications of the current results for the theories of sound symbolism are discussed throughout the paper.
Influence of InterPulsed TIG Welding Parameters on the Evolution of Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Su-718 Alloy Sheets
Authors: Sonar Tushar , Balasubramanian Visvalingam , Malarvizhi Sudersanan , Venkateswaran Thiruvenkatam , Sivakumar Dhenuvakonda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Superalloy 718 (Su-718) is a high-performance nickel-based alloy typically employed in high-temperature applications of aero-engine components. It is mostly joined by the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process for clean and precise joints. However, the joints are more prone to premature failure owing to the metallurgical problems during solidification, such as constitutional segregation in the fusion zone (FZ) and microfissuring in the heat affected zone (HAZ). To overcome these problems, in this investigation, a recently emerged InterPulsed TIG (IP-TIG) welding process was utilized for joining Su-718 alloy. It is the advanced variant of the TIG welding process principally differentiated by electromagnetic condensation of the arc and high-frequency pulsation up to 20 kHz. The primary objective of this study is to make the potential use of electromagnetic condensation of the arc and pulsation for minimizing the Laves phase growth in FZ and enhancing the tensile strength of joints. To achieve this, the effect of IP-TIG welding parameters on evolution of the microstructure and tensile properties of Su-718 alloy joints is investigated and the results are analyzed in detail in this paper. The analysis of microstructural features was done using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy techniques. The influence of Laves phase morphology on the strength and elongation of joints is revealed and correlated to the fracture surface. The principal mechanism responsible for changes in microstructural features and consequential influence on tensile behavior of joints is explained briefly and correlated to the cooling rate and heat input conditions during welding.
Modular Network between Postrhinal Visual Cortex, Amygdala, and Entorhinal Cortex
Authors: Meier Andrew M. , Wang Quanxin , Ji Weiqing , Ganachaud Jehan , Burkhalter Andreas 
Published: April 2021

The postrhinal area (POR) is a known center for integrating spatial with nonspatial visual information and a possible hub for influencing landmark navigation by affective input from the amygdala. This may involve specific circuits within muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 (M2)-positive (M2+) or M2–modules of POR that associate inputs from the thalamus, cortex, and amygdala, and send outputs to the entorhinal cortex. Using anterograde and retrograde labeling with conventional and viral tracers in male and female mice, we found that all higher visual areas of the ventral cortical stream project to the amygdala, while such inputs are absent from primary visual cortex and dorsal stream areas. Unexpectedly for the presumed salt-and-pepper organization of mouse extrastriate cortex, tracing results show that inputs from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and lateral posterior nucleus were spatially clustered in layer 1 (L1) and overlapped with M2+patches of POR. In contrast, input from the amygdala to L1 of POR terminated in M2–interpatches. Importantly, the amygdalocortical input to M2–interpatches in L1 overlapped preferentially with spatially clustered apical dendrites of POR neurons projecting to amygdala and entorhinal area lateral, medial (ENTm). The results suggest that subnetworks in POR, used to build spatial maps for navigation, do not receive direct thalamocortical M2+patch-targeting inputs. Instead, they involve local networks of M2–interpatches, which are influenced by affective information from the amygdala and project to ENTm, whose cells respond to visual landmark cues for navigation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA central purpose of visual object recognition is identifying the salience of objects and approaching or avoiding them. However, it is not currently known how the visual cortex integrates the multiple streams of information, including affective and navigational cues, which are required to accomplish this task. We find that in a higher visual area, the postrhinal cortex, the cortical sheet is divided into interdigitating modules receiving distinct inputs from visual and emotion-related sources. One of these modules is preferentially connected with the amygdala and provides outputs to entorhinal cortex, constituting a processing stream that may assign emotional salience to objects and landmarks for the guidance of goal-directed navigation.
Altered Heterosynaptic Plasticity Impairs Visual Discrimination Learning in Adenosine A1 Receptor Knock-Out Mice
Authors: Chasse Renee , Malyshev Alexey , Fitch Roslyn Holly , Volgushev Maxim 
Published: April 2021

Theoretical and modeling studies demonstrate that heterosynaptic plasticity—changes at synapses inactive during induction—facilitates fine-grained discriminative learning in Hebbian-type systems, and helps to achieve a robust ability for repetitive learning. A dearth of tools for selective manipulation has hindered experimental analysis of the proposed role of heterosynaptic plasticity in behavior. Here we circumvent this obstacle by testing specific predictions about the behavioral consequences of the impairment of heterosynaptic plasticity by experimental manipulations to adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs). Our prior work demonstrated that the blockade of adenosine A1 receptors impairs heterosynaptic plasticity in brain slices and, when implemented in computer models, selectively impairs repetitive learning on sequential tasks. Based on this work, we predict that A1R knock-out (KO) mice will express (1) impairment of heterosynaptic plasticity and (2) behavioral deficits in learning on sequential tasks. Using electrophysiological experiments in slices and behavioral testing of animals of both sexes, we show that, compared with wild-type controls, A1R KO mice have impaired synaptic plasticity in visual cortex neurons, coupled with significant deficits in visual discrimination learning. Deficits in A1R knockouts were seen specifically during relearning, becoming progressively more apparent with learning on sequential visual discrimination tasks of increasing complexity. These behavioral results confirm our model predictions and provide the first experimental evidence for a proposed role of heterosynaptic plasticity in organism-level learning. Moreover, these results identify heterosynaptic plasticity as a new potential target for interventions that may help to enhance new learning on a background of existing memories.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding how interacting forms of synaptic plasticity mediate learning is fundamental for neuroscience. Theory and modeling revealed that, in addition to Hebbian-type associative plasticity, heterosynaptic changes at synapses that were not active during induction are necessary for stable system operation and fine-grained discrimination learning. However, lacking tools for selective manipulation prevented behavioral analysis of heterosynaptic plasticity. Here we circumvent this barrier: from our prior experimental and computational work we predict differential behavioral consequences of the impairment of Hebbian-type versus heterosynaptic plasticity. We show that, in adenosine A1 receptor knock-out mice, impaired synaptic plasticity in visual cortex neurons is coupled with specific deficits in learning sequential, increasingly complex visual discrimination tasks. This provides the first evidence linking heterosynaptic plasticity to organism-level learning.
An Analysis of Sleep and Ergometer Performance in Collegiate Male Rowers
Authors: Babiec Thaddeus 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Research has increasingly looked at the effects of sleep on athletic performance. Although there is currently a plethora of data expressing the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on athletic performance, fewer studies have assessed the effects of sleep extension. These studies have all been done with field or team sport athletes and all have been conducted with athletes who traditionally have practice times later in the day. Rowing is a sport with traditionally early practice times and represents an under examined population at a high risk of sleep deprivation. The purpose of the present study was to determine what sport specific performance benefits would be gained from extending the athlete’s sleep. Methods: Nineteen members of the Temple University’s men’s rowing team were asked to increase their sleep to nine to ten hours a night for four weeks, following a two-week baseline period. A two-week post-intervention phase followed the sleep extension period. Three sport specific assessments (Open rate 1-minute, Rate-capped 1-minute, and Interval tests) and daily HRV recordings were captured each week. Results: Subjects were unable to extend their sleep from baseline during the intervention, 392.07 ± 53.69 minutes and 374.11 ± 41.53 minutes, respectively (p = .137). Significant variation was found in the week to week comparison of the Interval test and OR1-Min test. Conclusion: Athletes failed to increase their time asleep, limiting our ability to assess the impact of sleep on performance. Performance did suffer over the course of the study, suggesting participants were below he minimal amount of sleep necessary to maintain performance. Better athlete education by coaches might prove beneficial for athletes to develop the habits necessary for sufficient sleep and improved performance.
Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Shlomai Noa Ofek , Kasirer Yair , Strauss Tzipora , Smolkin Tatiana , Marom Ronella , Shinwell Eric S. , Simmonds Arye , Golan Agneta , Morag Iris , Waisman Dan , Felszer-Fisch Clari , Wolf Dana G. , Eventov-Friedman Smadar 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To assess infection rates predischarge and postdischarge in breast milk–fed newborns with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–positive mothers who were separated postdelivery from their mothers and discharged from the hospital. Also, we aim to evaluate breastfeeding rates predischarge and postdischarge.

METHODS:
Nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from symptomatic and high-risk women in the delivery room. Mothers with positive SARS-CoV-2 test results were separated from the newborns. Newborns were screened within 48 hours of delivery, and anti-infectious guidelines were imparted to the mothers before discharge. Rescreening took place ≥14 days postdischarge. Data regarding SARS-CoV-2–positive household members and breastfeeding were obtained by follow-up phone calls.

RESULTS:
A total of 73 newborns of SARS-CoV-2–positive mothers were born in Israel during the ∼3-month period under study. Overall, 55 participated in this study. All neonates tested negative for the virus postdelivery. A total 74.5% of the neonates were fed unpasteurized expressed breast milk during the postpartum separation until discharge. Eighty-nine percent of the neonates were discharged from the hospital after their mothers were instructed in anti-infection measures. In 40% of the households, there were additional SARS-CoV-2–positive residents. A total of 85% of the newborns were breastfed postdischarge. Results for all 60% of the newborns retested for SARS-CoV-2 postdischarge were negative.

CONCLUSIONS:
No viral infection was identified in neonates born to and separated from their SARS-CoV-2–positive mothers at birth and subsequently fed unpasteurized breast milk. All infants breastfed at home remained SARS-CoV-2 negative. These findings may provide insights regarding the redundancy of postpartum mother-newborn separation in SARS-CoV-2–positive women and, assuming precautions are adhered to, support the safety of breast milk.
FRUIT SEEDS, SEEDS OF GRAPE AND CUCURBITACEOUS – A PROSPECTIVE SOURCE OF OBTAINING BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES. OVERVIEW
Authors: Gafurov K. , Muslimov B. 
Published: April 2021

Republic of Uzbekistan is a major producer of agricultural products. The production of vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries, melons and gourds are increasing every year. The total volume of their production is approximately up to 16200 thousand tons per year. The seeds of these crops make up from 2 to 10% of the mass of processed raw materials, which are sources of valuable biologically active substances. The main method of obtaining oil (from apricot kernel, grape and melon seeds) is cold pressing, i.e. pressing carried out at a temperature below 60°C. Such oil immediately goes from the category of ordinary to the category of medicinal. At present, in Uzbekistan, the processing of apricot kernels, grape and melons seeds with the aim of to obtain high-quality vegetable oil is carried out on low-tonnage technological lines by the method of cold pressing. However, this method of processing raw materials does not provide the maximum yield of valuable vegetable oil and nutrients. Residual oilcake is not processed to obtain biologically active substances. The use of extraction as a method of obtaining these substances is not practiced. Unlike other solvents such as butane, hexane has the advantage of being virtually harmless to the user in ethanol extraction. Unlike the so-called "CO2-extraction", the extraction with ethanol can be carried out without the use of expensive equipment and subject to the correct technological regulations; the obtained extract can be of a very high-quality spectrum. A scientifically substantiated methodology for the engineering calculation of a plant for the extraction of ingredients from plant materials with a low capacity, operating on an ethanol solvent, has not been developed, which shows the relevance of the development and implementation of such equipment in production.
Psychobiotics – Probiotics that Improve Mood
Authors: Kapreliants L. , Zhuk E 
Published: April 2021

The human intestinal microbiome includes all microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract. One study showed that mice raised in a sterile environment exhibited excessive physiological responses to stress compared to normal control. This discovery revealed the involvement of the microbiome in the development of «The Вrain – Gut – Microbiota Axis». Since then, it has been revealed that intestinal bacteria are involved in the regulation of diverse and important physiological processes, including immunomodulation, obesity and energy balance, as well as the activity of the nervous system. All these studies allowed to identify a new type of probiotics - psychobiotics. Psychobiotics are capable to provide positive impact on patients′ mood. Attempts to reveal intrinsic mechanisms of positive emotional shifts of humans are of a great interest. Ability of psychobiotics to influence the depth of emotions is confirmed.
The main neurotransmitter that has an inhibitory effect in the brain of humans and animals is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is involved in metabolic and neurotransmitter processes in the brain. The precursor of GABA is glutamate. GABA-ergic system of the brain in its structure resembles all the others - a number of deep-seated structures in the brain, from which the nerve fibers that secrete GABA go to other parts of the nervous system. Therefore, GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates many processes - from muscle tone to emotional reactions.
Many studies have shown that some types of microorganisms are able to produce GABA, which acts on the human body in the same way as GABA produced in the human brain. The main producers of GABA, as studies have found, are lactic acid bacteria, and among them the most capable bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus helveticus.
According to WHO standards, new strains of probiotics should be clearly identified for further use as dietary supplements or drugs. They must be able to survive in the gastrointestinal tract (be resistant to pH, enzymes, cholic acids, etc.), they must also be capable of adhesion, exhibit antagonistic properties and be genetically stable. Therefore, all strains that can be used in the production of probiotics must be clearly identified at the species level and have a genetic passport.
The work of identifying and introducing new strains of probiotics capable to produce psychobiotic substances, namely GABA, is very painstaking, but at the same time very important because stress, depression and many other types of mental disorders are becoming more common in the world and the Ukraine is no exception
BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF TOMATO PROCESSING BY-PRODUCTS
Authors: Benderska O. , Bessarab A. , Iegorov B. , Kashkano M. , Shutyuk V. 
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the biological value of secondary products of tomato processing, namely tomato seeds, which, for the most part, is not considered as an object of processing. The use of secondary raw materials formed in the production of tomato products as a source of biologically active substances with their subsequent use in food technology is proposed. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the biological value of tomato seeds. It has been found that tomato seeds have a high nutritional and biological value due to the high concentration of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Accordingly, this value complies with modern recommendations on healthy diet for the population. Also, tomato seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, macro- and micronutrient elements, vitamin E, and fiber. However, its nutritional value is substantially reduced by natural biologically active anti-alimentary substances, namely proteinase inhibitors. A first experimental is antinutrients tomato seeds. А number of trypsin inhibitors of tomato seeds use micronating processing , a significant reduction has been achieved. The use of hydrothermal and micronization treatment of tomato seeds to reduce the activity of trypsin inhibitors is proposed. Hydrothermal treatment for 40 min at a water temperature of 90..100°C reduced trypsin inhibitory activity by 1..3% from baseline. Thus, when you stand micronating processing maturity during 60s reducing trypsin inhibitors is about 34 % and for biological maturity is 28.8%. It was found that technology tomato seeds processing allows to obtain a biologically valuable product, which is mainly represented by lipid up to 40%, as well as significant content of protein substances, carbohydrates and fibre. The purpose of this paper is the study of chemical composition and biological value of secondary tomato resources, namely tomato seeds, as well as researching the possibility of its application in food technology. It is also concerned with determination of quantitative and qualitative composition of anti-nutrients of tomato seeds and selection of ways to decrease the activity of anti-nutrients of tomato seeds.