bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of quitting smoking after cancer diagnosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Taborelli Martina , Dal Maso Luigino , Zucchetto Antonella , Lamaj Elda , De Paoli Paolo , Carbone Antonino , Serraino Diego 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To describe smoking behaviours of patients with incident cancer attending an Italian cancer centre and to examine changes in their smoking habits within 12 months from cancer diagnosis, evaluating determinants of smoking cessation. Methods: A hospital-based prospective cohort included patients hospitalized in an Italian cancer centre (2016–2018). Patients were mostly female (74%) and included a limited proportion of aerodigestive cancers (7%). Face-to-face interviews were performed during hospital stay to gather information on patient characteristics and smoking history. Changes in smoking habits were assessed through telephone interviews at 3, at 6, and at 12 months after cancer diagnosis. Results: Among 1011 enrolled patients, 222 (22%) were current smokers at cancer diagnosis. Smoking prevalence was high in male patients (30%), in patients <50 years old (28%), in those with aerodigestive cancers (50%), and in those diagnosed at advanced stages (26%). Among current smokers at cancer diagnosis, 38% quit smoking after 12 months, 26% reduced intensity, and 36% did not modify smoking habits. Smoking cessation was associated with chemotherapy and, although not statistically significant, with female sex, older age, and advanced cancer stage. Patients with gastrointestinal, breast, or genitourinary cancer and those treated with surgery were less likely to quit smoking. Conclusions: Our results highlighted that 62% of smoking patients with cancer did not quit the habit. Smoking cessation programs targeted to patients with cancer need intensification, particularly for those who may underestimate smoking effects after diagnosis.
Lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary actinomycosis: a cautionary tale
Authors: Drozdowicz Kelly , Marquez Hector A. , Burks Eric J. , Suzuki Kei 
Published: April 2021

Background: Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare and slowly progressive bacterial infection that is often mistaken for lung cancer. Multiple case reports caution against premature diagnosis of malignancy without proper consideration of potential Actinomyces infection. However, no cases in the English literature have been reported that demonstrate the possible coexistence of Actinomyces and lung cancer. Case Description: We present two cases of patients with culture-positive Actinomyces who were later found to have concomitant biopsy-proven lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: In the workup of a newly identified lung mass, positive culture for Actinomyces does not rule out an underlying malignancy.
Safety and efficacy of ubrogepant in participants with major cardiovascular risk factors in two single-attack phase 3 randomized trials: ACHIEVE I and II
Authors: Hutchinson Susan , Silberstein Stephen D , Blumenfeld Andrew M , Lipton Richard B , Lu Kaifeng , Yu Sung Yun , Severt Lawrence 
Published: April 2021

Objective To examine the safety and efficacy of ubrogepant for acute treatment of migraine across cardiovascular (CV) disease risk categories. Methods ACHIEVE I and II were multicenter, double-blind, single-attack, phase 3 trials in adults with migraine, with or without aura. Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo or ubrogepant (50 or 100 mg in ACHIEVE I; 25 or 50 mg in ACHIEVE II), to treat one migraine attack of moderate or severe headache pain intensity. This post-hoc analysis pooled data from ubrogepant 50 mg and placebo groups from the ACHIEVE trials to examine the safety and efficacy of ubrogepant by baseline cardiovascular disease risk factors. Using a cardiovascular risk assessment algorithm, participants were categorized as having no cardiovascular risk, low cardiovascular risk or moderate-high cardiovascular risk at baseline. Treatment-emergent adverse events were documented 48 h and 30 days after taking the trial medication. Co-primary efficacy outcomes were 2-h pain freedom and 2-h absence of most bothersome migraine-associated symptom. Results Overall, 3358 participants were randomized in the ACHIEVE trials (n = 2901 safety population; n = 2682 modified intent-to-treat population). In the safety population, 11% of participants were categorized as moderate-high (n = 311), 32% low (n = 920), and 58% no cardiovascular risk factors (n = 1670). The proportion of ubrogepant participants reporting a treatment-emergent adverse event was comparable across risk categories and similar to placebo. The treatment effects of ubrogepant versus placebo were consistent across cardiovascular risk categories for all efficacy outcomes. Conclusion The safety and efficacy of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of a single migraine attack did not differ by the presence of major cardiovascular risk factors. No evidence of increased treatment-emergent adverse events or cardiac system organ class adverse events with ≥2 major cardiovascular risk factors and no safety concerns were identified. Trial Registration: ACHIEVE I ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02828020; ACHIEVE II ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02867709
Time lost due to an attack – a novel patient-reported outcome measure for acute migraine treatments
Authors: Pohl Heiko , Benemei Silvia , Garcia-Azorin David , Dixon Joanna , Huzzey Elizabeth , Ferrari Michel D 
Published: April 2021

Objective We propose a new outcome measure to assess the efficacy of migraine treatments translating the approach of the Global Burden of Disease studies from a societal to an individual level: Instead of calculating “years lived with disability”, we suggest estimating “time lost due to an attack”. Methods Time lost due to an attack is calculated by multiplying the duration and the degree of impaired functioning during an attack. Results Time lost due to an attack, different from other outcome measures, does not just focus on the short-term analgesic effects of treatments, but rather on the improvement of all migraine symptoms and restoration of functioning, also considering therapy-related impairment. Importantly, time lost due to an attack measures the entire time patients are not functioning normally, from onset to complete resolution. Conclusions Time lost due to an attack represents a new paradigm to assess migraine burden in single patients for a patient-centered evaluation of both acute and prophylactic treatments.
Systematic Review on Psychological Impacts and Mitigating Strategies of COVID-19: The Lesson Every One Shall Learn From the Our Time Pandemic
Authors: Yasegnal Awgchew Shimelash 
Published: April 2021

Objective The pandemic is expanding exponentially, burning, and threatening the world population regardless of differences. Cognizant of these, world nations make it their daily agenda and give due concern in preventing and intervening it. However, the prevention and intervention strategies are of more biological and less attention is given for the psychological impacts. So that this manuscript is intended to review the psychological impacts and mitigating strategies of COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Method Out the 63 downloaded articles, 26 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputable journal, and pattern of writing and reviewed. Results Most reviewed studies reported negative psychological impacts including, boredom, loneliness, anger, violence and abuse, distress, low mood and irritability, anxiety, insomnia, hopelessness and worthless, and suicide. Other associated factors like poverty, fears of infection, duration of quarantine, lack of genuine and adequate information, lack of basic supplies, stigma, housing condition, and cultural issues potentially worsen the psychological impacts. Conclusion Psychological intervention strategies like mobilizing volunteers and professionals, identifying vulnerable population, assuring psychological readiness, offering adequate and genuine information, providing adequate supplies, improving communication for those in quarantine, utilizing counseling platform and rehabilitation program are of the cures for psychological impacts of COVID-19.
The Impact of Self-Stigma, Role Strain, and Diabetes Distress on Quality of Life and Glycemic Control in Women With Diabetes: A 6-Month Prospective Study
Authors: Wang Ruey-Hsia , Lin Chia-Chin , Chen Shi-Yu , Hsu Hui-Chun , Huang Chiu-Ling 
Published: April 2021

Purposes: Women with diabetes (WD) are more severely impacted by the consequence of suboptimal diabetes control. This study aims to examine the impact of demographic and disease characteristics, baseline self-stigma, role strain, diabetes distress on Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) levels, quality of life (D-QoL) and 6-month A1C levels in younger WD. Methods: This study was a 6-month prospective study. In total, 193 WD aged 20–64 years were selected by convenience sampling from three outpatient clinics in Taiwan. Demographic and disease characteristics, self-stigma, role strain, diabetes distress, A1C levels, and D-QoL were collected at baseline. A1C levels were further collected 6 months later. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypothesized model. Results: The final model supported that higher baseline D-QoL directly associated with lower concurrent A1C levels and indirectly associated with lower 6-month A1C levels through baseline A1C levels. Higher baseline self-stigma, role strain, and diabetes distress directly associated with lower baseline D-QoL, and indirectly associated with higher 6-month A1C levels through D-QoL. Conclusion: Improving self-stigma, role strain, and diabetes distress should be considered as promising strategies to improve D-QoL in young WD. D-QoL plays a mediation role between baseline self-stigma, role strain, diabetes distress and subsequent glycemic control in younger WD. Enhancing baseline D-QoL is fundamental to improve subsequent glycemic control.
The Assessment of the Usefulness of Selected Markers in the Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children
Authors: Będzichowska Agata , Jobs Katarzyna , Kloc Małgorzata , Bujnowska Anna , Kalicki Bolesław 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The kidney deterioration, which starts in childhood often leads to end-stage renal failure in the future. Therefore, searching for an early, sensitive, and specific biomarkers became a paramount for chronic kidney disease diagnosis. The aim of this study was the assessment of markers: KIM-1, FGF-23, NAG, NGAL, and uromodulin for diagnosis of preclinical phase of the disease in children. Patients and methods: 59 children (15 boys, 44 girls from 6 months to 17 years old) with kidney disorders, which had clinical indications for renoscintigraphy, were included in the study. All patients were divided depending on the result of renoscintigraphy (renal scarring vs normal kidney picture) and depending on the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (glomerular hyperfiltration vs normal filtration rate). The concentration of uromoduline, KIM-1, FGF-23, NAG, and NGAL in serum and of NGAL and uromoduline in urine were measured in all studied groups. Results: The children with glomerular hyperfiltration had a statistically significantly higher serum values of FGF-23 and NGAL than the children with normal filtration rate ( P < .05). There were no statistically significant differences in serum concentrations of tested markers in children with renal scars in comparison to children with normal renal image. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of tested markers in urine. Conclusions: The study confirmed the possible usefulness of FGF-23 and NGAL in detecting the preclinical-stage of renal disease associated with glomerular hyperfiltration in children. The study do not allow to indicate markers, which could be useful in the early diagnosis of kidney damage visible in the scintigraphic examination.
Comparison of Multimaterial Decomposition Fat Fraction with DECT and Proton Density Fat Fraction with IDEAL IQ MRI for Quantification of Liver Steatosis in a Population Exposed to Chemotherapy
Authors: Corrias Giuseppe , Erta Marco , Sini Marcello , Sardu Claudia , Saba Luca , Mahmood Usman , Huicochea Castellanos Sandra , Bates David , Mondanelli Nicola , Thomsen Brian , Carollo Gabriella , Sawan Peter , Mannelli Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Oncologic patients who develop chemotherapy-associated liver injury (CALI) secondary to chemotherapy treatment tend to have worse outcomes. Biopsy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. The purpose of this article is to compare 2 alternatives: Proton-Density-Fat-Fraction (PDFF) MRI and MultiMaterial-Decomposition (MMD) DECT. Materials and Methods: 49 consecutive oncologic patients treated with Chemotherapy underwent abdominal DECT and abdominal MRI within 2 weeks of each other. Two radiologists tracked Regions of Interest independently both in the PDFF fat maps and in the MMD DECT fat maps. Non-parametric exact Wilcoxon signed rank test and Cohen’s K were used to compare the 2 sequences and to evaluate the agreement. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the fat fraction measured as a continuous value between PDFF and DECT between 2 readers. Within the same imaging method (PDFF) the degree of agreement based on the k coefficient between reader 1 and reader 2 is 0.88 (p-value < 0.05). Similarly, for single-source DECT(ssDECT) the degree of agreement based on the k coefficient between reader 1 and reader 2 is 0.97 (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the hepatic fat fraction of ssDECT with MMD are not significantly different from PDFF. This could be an advantage in an oncological population that undergoes serial CT scans for follow up of chemotherapy response.
Introducing a low-risk breast screening pathway into the NHS Breast Screening Programme: Views from healthcare professionals who are delivering risk-stratified screening
Authors: Woof Victoria G , McWilliams Lorna , Donnelly Louise S , Howell Anthony , Evans D Gareth , Maxwell Anthony J , French David P 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Proposals to stratify breast screening by breast cancer risk aim to produce a better balance of benefits to harms. Notably, risk estimation calculated from common risk factors and a polygenic risk score would enable high-risk women to benefit from more frequent screening or preventive medication. This service would also identify low-risk women who experience fewer benefits from attending, as lower grade and in situ cancers may be treated unnecessarily. It may therefore be appropriate for low-risk women to attend screening less. This study aimed to elicit views regarding implementing less frequent screening for low-risk women from healthcare professionals who implement risk-stratified screening. Methods: Healthcare professionals involved in the delivery of risk-stratified breast screening were invited to participate in a focus group within the screening setting in which they work or have a telephone interview. Primary care staff were also invited to provide their perspective. Three focus groups and two telephone interviews were conducted with 28 healthcare professionals. To identify patterns across the sample, data were analysed as a single dataset using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Analysis yielded three themes: Reservations concerning the introduction of less frequent screening, highlighting healthcare professionals’ unease and concerns towards implementing less frequent screening; Considerations for the management of public knowledge, providing views on media impact on public opinion and the potential for a low-risk pathway to cause confusion and raise suspicion regarding implementation motives; and Deliberating service implications and reconfiguration management, where the practicalities of implementation are discussed. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals broadly supported less frequent screening but had concerns about implementation. It will be essential to address concerns regarding risk estimate accuracy, healthcare professional confidence, service infrastructure and public communication prior to introducing less frequent screening for low-risk women.
Effect of Decreasing the Anterior Pelvic Tilt on Range of Motion in Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Computer-Simulation Study
Authors: Kobayashi Naomi , Higashihira Shota , Kitayama Haruna , Kamono Emi , Yukizawa Yohei , Oishi Takayuki , Takagawa Shu , Honda Hideki , Choe Hyonmin , Inaba Yutaka 
Published: April 2021

Background: The influence of pelvic tilt mobility, which can be reproduced in computer-simulation models, is an important subject to be addressed in the understanding of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) pathophysiology. Purpose: To use computer-simulation models of FAI cases to evaluate the optimum improvement in hip range of motion (ROM) achieved by decreasing the anterior pelvic tilt and compare the results with the improvement in ROM achieved after cam resection surgery. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) images from 28 patients with FAI treated with arthroscopic cam resection were evaluated. Using a dynamic computer-simulation program, 3-dimensional models with a 5° and a 10° decrease in anterior pelvic tilt from the supine functional pelvic plane (baseline) were created from the preoperative CT scans. Similar models were constructed for hips before (at baseline) and after cam resection. Improvements from baseline in maximum internal rotation at 45°, 70°, and 90° of flexion were assessed for the 5° change in pelvic tilt, 10° change in pelvic tilt, and cam resection models, and the results were compared for all conditions. Results: The combination of a 10° change in pelvic tilt and cam resection showed the largest ROM improvement from baseline ( P < .001). Improvement in internal rotation in the cam resection model was significantly higher compared with the 5° pelvic tilt change model ( P < .001), while there was no significant difference between the cam resection model and the 10° pelvic tilt change model. Conclusion: Decreasing anterior pelvic tilt by 10° in the preoperative computer simulation model resulted in an equivalent effect to cam resection, while a 5° change in pelvic tilt was inferior to cam resection in terms of ROM improvement. Clinical Relevance: Enough of a decrease in anterior pelvic tilt may contribute to ROM improvement that is as effective as that of cam resection surgery.
Efficacy of Simulation Using NLN/Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation Framework on Satisfaction and Self-Confidence of Undergraduate Nursing Students in a Middle-Eastern Country
Authors: Al Khasawneh Esra , Arulappan Judie , Natarajan Jansi Rani , Raman Savithri , Isac Chandrani 
Published: April 2021

Introduction Utilizing simulation in nursing education is increasingly becoming a popular teaching pedagogy. Simulation provides opportunity to the nursing students to practice the clinical skills through various real life like situational experiences. Simulation improves the clinical decision making skills of the nursing students. Objective A descriptive, cross sectional, correlational study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of simulation using NLN/Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation Framework on satisfaction and self-confidence of Undergraduate nursing students. Methods 370 undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. Educational practices, Simulation design, Student satisfaction and Self-confidence questionnaires were used. Results Majority of the nursing students perceived agreement on various domains of student satisfaction, self-confidence, educational practices and simulation design used in the curriculum. The students were self-confident to care for similar patients in the clinical area and satisfied with this instructional method. Satisfaction and self-confidence were correlated with educational practices and simulation design. Conclusion Developing simulations using NLN/Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation framework will provide meaningful, engaging, and pedagogically sound experiences for the students. Pre-briefing and de-briefing are meaningful strategies to enhance the learning of students.
Matrix-Assisted Bone Marrow Stimulation: A Surgical Technique
Authors: Lutter Christoph , Lenz Robert , Tischer Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Background: Microfracture is an established technique for cartilage regeneration but is limited by many factors such as small defect size, intralesional osteophytes, and lower quality of cartilage regeneration. Therefore, methods to improve results after microfracture like additional matrix augmentation or autologous cell addition are promising techniques. An all-arthroscopic surgical technique for matrix-augmented bone marrow stimulation will be presented here. Indications: Cartilage lesions of moderate size (>1 cm2) that appear too large or unsuitable for pure microfracture but do not yet meet the criteria for autologous cartilage transplantation (>2.5 cm2). The exact size of suitable lesions is currently evolving with only few evidence-based data available. Technique Description: The arthroscopic procedure largely follows the standard microfracture technique. First, the cartilage defect is extensively debrided with removal of calcific cartilage layer. Stable cartilage margins have to be created with removal of all unstable fragments. The resulting well-defined defect is then measured with the use of a marking probe. The subchondral bone is then penetrated and opened using a microfracture awl. Next, the matrix based on hyaluronic acid (Hyalofast) is cut to the appropriate size. All joint fluid is removed, and the matrix is inserted through a previously placed canula and modeled into the defect with the probe. When the defect is well contained, no other fixation material is necessary. Otherwise, the matrix can be additionally fixed using fibrin clue. Cell application (dependent on regulatory issues) can be performed. Before closure, the joint should be moved to ensure safe fixation of the matrix. Results: Currently, there are only insufficient data to exactly define the defect size for microfracture or matrix-assisted bone marrow stimulation. Some studies show an advantage of using biomaterials compared with microfracture alone, but further studies are necessary. Discussion/Conclusion: The presented arthroscopic matrix-assisted bone marrow stimulation is a technically simple, inexpensive way of treating cartilage defects and should therefore be considered when treating affected patients. It can be used in a variety of joints. An additional combination with bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells might be promising but is subject to country-specific regulatory issues.