bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver Nanoparticles Supported Graphitic Like Carbon Nitride for the Electrochemical Sensing of Nitrobenzene and its Derivatives
Authors: C Pandiyarajan , Perumal Rameshkumar , S Murugesan , M Selvaraj 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nitrobenzene (NB) is toxic even at low concentrations and hence, its contamination in the environment is a pervasive concern. The electrochemical techniques have emerged as rosy method to sense and degrade NB and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) catalysts are found to be promising for this. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) decorated N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (EDAS) modified graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites (EDAS/(g-C3N4-Ag)NC) having various silver concentrations are prepared through a facile method and applied for the electrochemical sensing of NB derivatives. UV-vis absorption edge at 430 nm together with a broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 450 nm indicates the existence of AgNPs on the g-C3N4 nanosheets. FT-IR spectra endorse the presence of g-C3N4 nanosheets in the composite. The presence of Ag in EDAS/(g-C3N4-Ag)NC is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The nanocomposite prepared with 2 mM Ag+ shows superb electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of nitrobenzene and its derivatives. Sensitivity of the modified electrode and limit of detection (LOD) for NB assessed by square wave voltammetry are found to be 0.594 A M− 1 cm− 2 and 2 µM, respectively, in the linear range of 5–50 µM.
Analysis of Ground Settlement Caused by Double-line TBM Tunnelling under Existing Building
Authors: Hao Dongxue , Zhu Renjun , Wu Ke , Chen Rong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
TBM tunnelling is less used in the subway construction in prosperous city due to the limitation of the engineering geological conditions. The studies on the influence of the TBM construction on the existing buildings are also limited. Therefore, based on the engineering case of tunnel crossing existing building in the section of Haiboqiao ~ Xiaocunzhuang station of Qingdao Metro Line 1, the numerical model that simulates the construction process of TBM tunnelling in slightly weathered granite layer is established by three-dimensional finite difference software FLAC3D to analyze the influence of TBM tunneling on ground settlement. The comparisons of ground deformations obtained from FLAC3D and field monitoring in different construction stages of double-line tunnel have been made firstly to validate the numerical model. Then the ground settlement characteristics, differential settlement and the stress distribution of the existing building and the stress of segment structure have been analyzed. Ground settlement groove along the transverse and vertical sections occurs near the building and tunnels, and the settlement becomes smaller with the farther distance from them. The settlement curve on the cross section changes dynamically and is approximately V-shaped, and its width is about 5 ~ 6 times diameter of the tunnel. For the same cross section, the range of the settlement groove after tunnelling right line increases obviously compared with that after tunnelling left line (construction first), the settlement values also increase, and the symmetrical axis of the settlement curve is shifted to the right. This paper can provide important practical reference for relative construction engineering.
RNA-seq analysis of circRNA profiles in the lens of Crybb2 knockout mice
Authors: Gao Qian , Xu Hao , Duan Yuping , Cai Leiming , Nie Zhiwen , Zou Yaru , Li Qian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, there is little information on the expression profiles of circRNAs in the lens. βB2-crystallin (CRYBB2) is an abundant protein in the mammalian lens, and its abnormal expression contributes to the development of cataract. This study aimed at exploring how Crybb2 knockout could modulate the expression profiles of circRNAs in mouse lens. Methods and Results: We extracted total RNAs from the lens of wide-type (WT) and Crybb2 -/- mice and after depleted their rRNAs and broken the remaining RNAs, we reversely transcribed the RNAs into cDNAand sequenced them. Furthermore, we performed bioinformatics to identify and analyze the differentially expressed circRNAs and predicted their potential functions. We validated some differentially expressed circRNAs by quantitative RT-PCR. We employed RNA-seq to identify 49,494 circRNAs and compared to the WT lens, 149 circRNAs were upregulated and 172 downregulated in Crybb2 -/- mouse lens. With the top 300 miRNA-circRNA interaction pairs, we constructed a network of circRNA-miRNA interactions. Moreover, those differentially expressed circRNAs participated in various biological processes, such as lens fiber cell development, calcium channel complex, structural constituent of the lens. They were involved in several important pathways, such as the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Quantitative RT-PCR validated some differently expressed circRNAs in the lens of Crybb2 -/- mice. Conclusions: Crybb2 knockout significantly modulated circRNA expression profiles in the lens of mice, which may help clarify the roles of circRNAs in age-related cataracts.
Fluid Transport and Storage in the Cascadia Forearc inferred from Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Egbert Gary , Yang Bo , Bedrosian Paul A. , Key Kerry , Livelybrooks Dean , Schultz Adam , Kelbert Anna , Parris Blake 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Subduction of hydrated oceanic lithosphere can carry water deep into the Earth, with important consequences for a range of tectonic and magmatic processes. Most fluid is released at relatively shallow depths in the forearc where it is thought to play a critical role in controlling mechanical properties and seismic behavior of the subduction megathrust. Here we present results from three-dimensional inversion of nearly 400 long-period magnetotelluric sites, including 64 offshore, to provide new insights into the distribution of fluids in the forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone. Our amphibious dataset provides new constraints on the geometry of the electrically resistive Siletzia terrane, a thickened section of oceanic crust accreted to North America in the Eocene, and the conductive accretionary complex, which is being underthrust all along the margin. Fluids accumulate, over time-scales likely exceeding 1 My, above the plate interface in metasedimentary units, while the mafic rocks of Siletzia remain dry. Fluids in metasediments tend to peak at fixed slab-depths of 17.5 and 30 km, suggesting control by metamorphic processes, but also concentrate around the edges of Siletzia, suggesting that this mafic block is impermeable, with dehydration fluids escaping up-dip along the megathrust. Our results demonstrate that lithology of the overriding crust can play a critical role in controlling fluid transport and sequestration in a subduction zone, with potentially important implications for mechanical properties.
Particulate matter of different sizes associated with acute lower respiratory infection outpatient visits in children: a counterfactual analysis in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Liang Zhenyu , Meng Qiong , Yang Qiaohuan , Chen Na , You Chuming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The burden of lower respiratory infection is primarily borne by developing countries. However, the association between particulate matter of different sizes and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) outpatient visits in developing countries is less studied.
Methods

We obtained data on ALRI outpatient visits (N = 105,639) from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2013 and 2019. Over-dispersed generalized additive Poisson models were employed to evaluate the excess risk (ER) associated with particulate matter [inhalable particulate matter (PM10), coarse particulate matter (PMc), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)]. Counterfactual analyses were used to examine the potential percent reduction of ALRI outpatient visits if the levels of air pollution were as low as those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Results

There were 35,310 pneumonia, 68,218 bronchiolitis, and 2,111 asthma outpatient visits included. Each 10 µg/m3 increase of three-day moving averages of particulate matter was associated with significant ER [95% confidence interval (CI)] of outpatient visits of pneumonia [PM2.5: 3.71% (2.91%, 4.52%); PMc: 9.19% (6.94%, 11.49%); PM10: 4.36% (3.21%, 5.52%)], bronchiolitis [PM2.5: 3.21% (2.49%, 3.93%); PMc: 9.13% (7.09%, 11.21%); PM10: 3.12% (2.10%, 4.15%)], and asthma [PM2.5: 3.45% (1.18%, 5.78%); PMc: 11.69% (4.45%, 19.43%); PM10: 3.33% (0.26%, 6.49%)]. The association between particulate matter and pneumonia outpatient visits was stronger among male patients and in cold seasons. Counterfactual analyses suggested that PM2.5 was associated with the largest potential decline of ALRI outpatient visits [pneumonia: 3.89%, 95% CI: (3.24%, 5.52%); bronchiolitis: 4.35% (3.06%, 4.82%); asthma: 5.98% (1.92%, 10.37%)] if the air pollutants were reduced to the level of the reference guidelines.
Conclusion

Short-term exposure to PM2.5, PMc, and PM10 is associated with significant risk of ALRI outpatient visits, among which PM2.5 is associated with the highest potential decline in outpatient visits if it could be reduced to the WHO recommended level.
Influence of Thermal Stratification on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Profile Distribution in a Deep Subtropical Reservoir of China
Authors: Li Cunli , Zhang Ping , Zhu Guangwei , chen Chao , Wang Yucheng , Zhu Menyuan , Xu Hai , Jiang Cuiling , Zou Wei , Shi Pengcheng , Zheng Qing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus stratification is crucial for water quality management and ecological processes in deep lakes and reservoirs and can be substantially affected by hydrological and meteorological processes in the catchment. To understand the response of nitrogen and phosphorus stratification when changing physical stratification processes is crucial important for water quality management in reservoirs using drinking water source. Detailed depth profiles of water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), and other high-frequency sensors data were recorded daily in Qiandaohu reservoir, a large, deep subtropical reservoir in China, during 2017 to 2019. In addition, high-frequency measurement of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were undertaken once every three days, and the empirical estimation equations of TN and TP were established through multiple regression analysis. It was found that the nitrogen and phosphorus in water column was periodically stratify. Thermal structure stratification is the main driving force of nitrogen and phosphorus stratification. However, in the monthly scale, rainfall is the main factor to affect the stability of nitrogen and phosphorus vertical profile. This research indicated that physical processes play an important role on the biogeochemical process of nutrient in deep reservoirs. To evaluation the water quality or simulating the ecological processes of reservoirs, climatic and meteorological factors must be considered.
Using Evacuation Drills to Improve Tsunami Evacuation Preparedness and Resilience
Authors: Chen Chen , Mostafizi Alireza , Wang Haizhong , Cox Daniel , Cramer Lori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the use of tsunami evacuation drills within a coastal community in the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) to better understand evacuation behaviors and thus to improve tsunami evacuation preparedness and resilience. Evacuees' spatial trajectory data were collected by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) embedded mobile devices. Based on the empirical trajectory data, probability functions were employed to model people's walking speed during the evacuation drills. An Evacuation Hiking Function (EHF) was established to depict the speed-slope relationship and to inform evacuation modeling and planning. The regression analysis showed that evacuees' speed was significantly negatively associated with slope, time spent during evacuation, rough terrain surface, walking at night, and distance to destination. We also demonstrated the impacts of milling time on mortality rate based on participants' empirical evacuation behavior and a state-of-the-art CSZ tsunami inundation model. Post-drill surveys revealed the importance of the drill as an educational and assessment tool. The results of this study can be used for public education, evacuation plan assessment, and evacuation simulation models. The drill procedures, organization, and the use of technology in data collection provide evidence-driven solutions to tsunami preparedness and inspire the use of drills in other types of natural disasters such as wildfires, hurricanes, volcanoes, and flooding.
Using Multiple Isotopes to Identify Sources and Transports of Nitrate in Urban Residential Stormwater Runoff
Authors: Hu Qiyue , Zhu Song , Jin Zanfang , Wu Aijing , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Feili 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Increased nitrogen (N) from urban stormwater runoff aggravates the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems as urbanisation develops. In this study, the sources and transport of nitrate (NO3−) in urban stormwater runoff were investigated by analysing different forms of N, water isotopes (δD-H2O and δ18O-H2O), and NO3− isotopes (δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3−) in urban stormwater runoff in a residential area in Hangzhou, China. The results showed that the concentrations of total N and nitrate N in road runoff were higher than those in roof runoff. Moreover, high concentrations of dissolved organic N and particulate N in road runoff led to significantly different TN concentrations in road runoff (mean: 3.76 mg/L) and roof runoff (mean: 1.23 mg/L). The high δ18O-NO3− values (mean: 60 ± 13.1‰) indicated that atmospheric deposition was the predominant NO3− source in roof runoff, as confirmed by the Bayesian isotope mixing model (SIAR model), contributing 83.6–97.8% to NO3−. The SIAR model results demonstrated that atmospheric deposition (34.2–91.9%) and chemical fertilisers (6.27–54.3%) were the main NO3− sources for the road runoff. The proportional contributions from soil and organic N were smaller than other sources in both the road runoff and roof runoff. For the initial period, the NO3− contributions from atmospheric deposition and chemical fertilisers were higher and lower, respectively, than those in the middle and late periods in road runoff during storm events 3 and 4, while an opposite trend of road runoff in storm event 7 highlighted the influence of short antecedent dry weather period. It was suggested that reducing impervious areas and more effective management of fertiliser application in urban green land areas were essential to minimize the presence of N in urban aquatic ecosystems.
Self-Consistent Grain Size Evolution controls Strain Localization during Rifting
Authors: Ruh Jonas , Tokle Leif , Behr Whitney 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Geodynamic numerical models often employ solely grain-size-independent dislocation creep to describe upper mantle dynamics. However, observations from nature and rock deformation experiments suggest that shear zones can transition to a grain-size-dependent creep mechanism due to dynamic grain size evolution, with important implications for the overall strength of plate boundaries. We apply a two-dimensional thermo-mechanical numerical model with a composite diffusion-dislocation creep rheology coupled to a dynamic grain size evolution model based on the paleowattmeter. Results indicate average olivine grain sizes of 3–12 cm for the upper mantle below the LAB, while in the lithosphere grain size ranges from 0.3–3 mm at the Moho to 6–15 cm at the LAB. Such a grain size distribution results in dislocation creep being the dominant deformation mechanism in the upper mantle. However, deformation-related grain size reduction below 100 μm activates diffusion creep along lithospheric-scale shear zones during rifting, affecting the overall strength of tectonic plate boundaries.
Rainfall Prediction by Artificial Neural Networks Trained using Different Climate Variables
Authors: Silva Mateus Alexandre da , Merlo Marina Neves , Thebaldi Michael Silveira , Ferreira Danton Diego , Schwerz Felipe , de Deus Fábio Ponciano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Predicting rainfall can prevent and mitigate damages caused by its deficit or excess, besides providing necessary tools for adequate planning for the use of water. This research aimed to predict the monthly rainfall, one month in advance, in four municipalities in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, using artificial neural networks (ANN) trained with different climate variables, and to indicate the suitability of such variables as inputs to these models. The models were developed through the MATLAB® software version R2011a, using the NNTOOL toolbox. The ANN’s were trained by the multilayer perceptron architecture and the Feedforward and Back propagation algorithm, using two combinations of input data were used, with 2 and 6 variables, and one combination of input data with 3 of the 6 variables most correlated to observed rainfall from 1970 to 1999, to predict the rainfall from 2000 to 2009. The most correlated variables to the rainfall of the following month are the sequential number corresponding to the month, total rainfall and average compensated temperature, and the best performance was obtained with these variables. Furthermore, it was concluded that the performance of the models was satisfactory; however, they presented limitations for predicting months with high rainfall.
Effect of Berry-Based Supplements and Foods on cognitive function: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bonyadi Negar , Dolatkhah Neda , Salekzamani Yaghoub , Hashemian Maryam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the current decade, a growing body of evidence proposes the correlation between diet and cognitive function or dementia in the ageing population. This study was designed to appraise discoveries from the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to confirm the effects of Berry-Based supplements or foods on cognitive function in older adults. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and ProQuest as well as SID, Magiran, and Iranmedex electronic databases were explored for human interventional studies up to March 2021. A total of 259 studies were recognized from the primary database searches, and after eliminating the duplicates, 225 studies remained. Of these, 102 were disqualified after screening the title and abstracts of studies. The lasting 17 studies were evaluated in full text and 10 studies (which include 583 participants) encountered the eligibility criteria. Of the included studies, seven were randomized parallel-group (n = 7), two were crossover (n = 2) and one was the pilot study (n = 1). In total, ten articles were identified using freeze-dried blueberries (n = 3 studies), blueberry concentrate (n = 2), beverage (n = 3), capsule (n = 1), extract and powder (n = 1). These studies were directed in older people with no recognized cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The primary outcomes included episodic memory, long-term and short-term memory, working memory, executive function, psychomotor reaction time and attention. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of available clinical trials on the effects of berry-based supplements and foods on cognitive performances and brain perfusion parameters in elderlies with normal cognition or MCI. Existing evidence concludes that berry-based supplements and foods have beneficial effects on resting brain perfusion, cognitive function, memory performance, executive functioning, processing speed, and attention indices.
Comparing the Effects of Text Messaging and Mobile Social Networking on Physical Activity and Anthropometric Indices of Middle-Aged Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ansari Kousar , Afshari Poorandokht , Abedi Parvin , Haghighizadeh Mohammadhossein 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Physical inactivity is a global health problem which is more prevalent among women. Among different age groups, middle-aged women are more vulnerable to physical inactivity as one of consequences of menopause. This study aimed to compare the effect of text messaging and that of mobile social networking on the improvement of physical activity and anthropometric indices of middle-aged women in Iran. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial in which 110 overweight or obese women who were physically inactive were recruited and allocated into two groups of text messaging (n=55) or mobile social networking (n=55). Women in both groups received information regarding the necessity, benefits, and barriers of physical activity and how to overcome these barriers for 12 weeks. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and a demographic questionnaire were used to collect data. Anthropometric indices including weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, and body fat percentage were measured at baseline, as well as 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measure test. Results: In the mobile social networking group, most women had moderate physical activity after 12 weeks (p<0.05). The mean physical activity and energy expenditure were significantly higher in the mobile social group than those in the text messaging. In the 12th week of intervention, there was a significant reduction in the weight and BMI of the participants in the mobile social networking group compared to the text messaging group (p<0.05). The waist and hip circumferences of women in the mobile social networking group reduced significantly after 12 weeks of intervention in comparison to the text messaging group (p=0.001). The two groups did not show any significant difference regarding waist/hip ratio. While the body fat percentage was reduced in the mobile social networking group in the 4th, 8th, and 12th week of intervention, the differences between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion: Both text messaging and mobile social networking were effective in promoting physical activity and reducing anthropometric indices except for waist/hip ratio and body fat percentages, but the effect of mobile social networking was more pronounced. Thus, mobile social networking is recommended for promoting physical activity among middle-aged women.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide with Intravenous Hydrocortisone Does Not Improve Microvascular Perfusion in Septic Pigs.
Authors: Grotowska Malgorzata , Gozdzik Waldemar , Harbut Piotr , Frostell Claes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCapillary flow restoration in sepsis may prevent organ dysfunction caused by a prolonged impairment of microvascular flow. The main aim of the study was to investigate the microcirculatory effect of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) combined with intravenous hydrocortisone in a porcine model of sepsis. The second aim was to evaluate the influence of hemodynamic resuscitation with noradrenaline and crystalloids on capillary flow.Materials and MethodsIn the study, 11 piglets of Polish breed were generally anaesthetized and underwent surgical colon perforation. The animals were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups. Group 1 received iNO and hydrocortisone, whereas Group 2 was a control group. Both groups were resuscitated with crystalloids and noradrenaline if hypotensive. Group 3 received no treatment at all.In a 30-hour period of observation, we assessed microcirculation using sidestream dark field imaging (SDF) and monitored hemodynamics with a pulmonary artery catheter.Results We found no effect of iNO with hydrocortisone on microcirculation in septic piglets. Fluid and vasopressor treatment postponed microvascular flow impairment and led to a higher microcirculatory flow index, greater proportion of perfused vessels, and perfused vessel density.ConclusionCrystalloid and vasopressor treatment postpones microvascular flow derangement and organ dysfunction in septic piglets.