bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a generalized theory comprising digital, neuromorphic and unconventional computing
Authors: Jaeger Herbert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The accelerating race of digital computing technologies seems to be steering towards impasses—technological, economical and environmental—a condition that has spurred research efforts in alternative, ‘neuromorphic’ (brain-like) computing technologies. Furthermore, for decades, the idea of exploiting nonlinear physical phenomena ‘directly’ for non-digital computing has been explored under names like ‘unconventional computing’, ‘natural computing’, ‘physical computing’, or ‘in-materio computing’. In this article I investigate coordinates and conditions for a generalized concept of ‘computing’ which comprises digital, neuromorphic, unconventional and possible future ‘computing’ paradigms. The main contribution of this paper is an in-depth inspection of existing formal conceptualizations of ‘computing’ in discrete-symbolic, probabilistic and dynamical-systems oriented views. It turns out that different choices of background mathematics lead to decisively different understandings of what ‘computing’ is. However, across this diversity a unifying coordinate system for theorizing about ‘computing’ can be distilled.
A system for measuring the satisfaction of railway heritage tourism: the case of Yunnan–Vietnam Railway
Authors: Sang Kun , Lin Guiye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As a representative historical railway in Southeast Asia, Yunnan–Vietnam Railway (YVR) is of historical, technological, social-cultural, landscape, architectural, and heritage values. However, some of its remains have been closed and destroyed, waiting for further protection and developing solutions. YVR is the research object in this paper for the process of measuring tourists’ satisfaction. This paper highlights the development of an indicator system for measuring the satisfaction degree of the YVR heritage tourism, with the help of the analytical hierarchy process and the expert grading method. The basic demographic information of tourists collected from the questionnaires is systemized, and the satisfaction degree is evaluated from five indicators based on previous research: natural landscape, cultural character, transportation and facilities, safety and services, as well as the sustainable development of the region. The analysis results gained by SPSS show a high satisfaction value on the safety and service and regional sustainable development. Namely, the tourists give higher ratings on the regional cooperation, personal safety, service staff, hospitality of locals, and the technology of railway, while the aspects of environmental quality, enjoyment of exploring, accessibility by public transports, the comfort of train experience, and related facilities (accommodation/restaurants/shopping) received lower ratings, which indicates the critical points for the future tourism and urban planning related to this historical railway.
On the global wellposedness of the Klein-Gordon equation for initial data in modulation spaces
Authors: Chaichenets L. , Pattakos N. 
Published: March 2021

We prove global wellposedness of the Klein-Gordon equation with power nonlinearity

|

u

|

α
−
1

u

|u|^{\alpha -1}u

, where

α
∈

[
1
,

d

d
−
2

]

\alpha \in \left [1,\frac {d}{d-2}\right ]

, in dimension

d
≥
3

d\geq 3

with initial data in

M

p
,

p
′

1

(

R

d

)
×

M

p
,

p
′

(

R

d

)

M_{p, p’}^{1}(\mathbb {R}^d)\times M_{p,p’}(\mathbb {R}^d)

for

p
p

sufficiently close to

2
2

. The proof is an application of the high-low method described by Bourgain in [Global solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1999] where the Klein-Gordon equation is studied in one dimension with cubic nonlinearity for initial data in Sobolev spaces.
Completeness of shifted dilates in invariant Banach spaces of tempered distributions
Authors: Feichtinger Hans , Gumber Anupam 
Published: March 2021

We show that well-established methods from the theory of Banach modules and time-frequency analysis allow to derive completeness results for the collection of shifted and dilated version of a given (test) function in a quite general setting. While the basic ideas show strong similarity to the arguments used in a recent paper by V. Katsnelson we extend his results in several directions, both relaxing the assumptions and widening the range of applications. There is no need for the Banach spaces considered to be embedded into(L2(R),‖⋅‖2)\big ( {{{\boldsymbol {L}}^2}(\mathbb {R})}, \, \|\,\cdot \,\|_{2} \big ), nor is the Hilbert space structure relevant. We choose to present the results in the setting of the Euclidean spaces, because then the Schwartz spaceS′(Rd){{{\boldsymbol {\mathcal {S}}}’}(\mathbb {R}^d)}(d≥1d \geq 1) of tempered distributions provides a well-established environment for mathematical analysis. We also establish connections to modulation spaces and Shubin classes(Qs(Rd),‖⋅‖Qs)\big ( {{{\boldsymbol {Q}}_s}({{\mathbb {R}^{d}}})}, \, \|\,\cdot \,\|_{{{\boldsymbol {Q}}_s}} \big ), showing that they are special cases of Katsnelson’s setting (only) fors≥0s \geq 0.
Health-Related Quality of Life: A Comparative Analysis of Caregivers of People With Dementia, Cancer, COPD/Emphysema, and Diabetes and Noncaregivers, 2015–2018 BRFSS
Authors: Secinti Ekin , Lewson Ashley B , Wu Wei , Kent Erin E , Mosher Catherine E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Many informal caregivers experience significant caregiving burden and report worsening health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Caregiver HRQoL may vary by disease context, but this has rarely been studied.

Purpose
Informed by the Model of Carer Stress and Burden, we compared HRQoL outcomes of prevalent groups of caregivers of people with chronic illness (i.e., dementia, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]/emphysema, and diabetes) and noncaregivers and examined whether caregiving intensity (e.g., duration and hours) was associated with caregiver HRQoL.

Methods
Using 2015–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we identified caregivers of people with dementia (n = 4,513), cancer (n = 3,701), COPD/emphysema (n = 1,718), and diabetes (n = 2,504) and noncaregivers (n = 176,749). Regression analyses were used to compare groups.

Results
Caregiver groups showed small, nonsignificant differences in HRQoL outcomes. Consistent with theory, all caregiver groups reported more mentally unhealthy days than noncaregivers (RRs = 1.29–1.61, ps &lt; .001). Caregivers of people with cancer and COPD/emphysema reported more physically unhealthy days than noncaregivers (RRs = 1.17–1.24, ps &lt; .01), and caregivers of people with diabetes reported a similar pattern (RR = 1.24, p = .01). However, general health and days of interference of poor health did not differ between caregivers and noncaregivers. Across caregiver groups, most caregiving intensity variables were unrelated to HRQoL outcomes; only greater caregiving hours were associated with more mentally unhealthy days (RR = 1.13, p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Results suggest that HRQoL decrements associated with caregiving do not vary substantially across chronic illness contexts and are largely unrelated to the perceived intensity of the caregiving. Findings support the development and implementation of strategies to optimize caregiver health across illness contexts.
Financial Anxiety is Associated With Cancer Screening Adherence in Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Jones Salene M W , Schuler Tammy A , Padamsee Tasleem J , Andersen M Robyn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have examined the impact of material financial hardship on cancer screening but without focusing on the psychological aspects of financial hardship.

Purpose
This study examined the effects of different types of financial anxiety on adherence to breast cancer screening in women at high risk of breast cancer. Adherence to cervical cancer screening was also examined to determine whether associations between financial anxiety and screening adherence were unique to breast cancer screening or more general.

Methods
Women (n = 324) aged 30–50 and at high risk for inherited breast cancer completed a survey on general financial anxiety, worry about affording healthcare, financial stigma due to cancer risk, and adherence to cancer screening. Multivariate analyses controlled for poverty, age, and race.

Results
More financial anxiety was associated with lower odds of mammogram adherence (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, confidence interval [CI] = 0.94, 0.99), Pap smear adherence (OR = 0.98, CI = 0.96, 0.996), and clinical breast examination adherence (OR = 0.98, CI = 0.96, 0.995). More worry about affording healthcare was associated with lower odds of clinical breast examination adherence (OR = 0.95, CI = 0.91, 0.9992) but not mammogram or Pap smear adherence (p &gt; .05). Financial stigma due to cancer risk was associated with lower odds of Pap smear adherence (OR = 0.87, CI = 0.77, 0.97) but no other cancer screenings (p &gt; .07).

Conclusions
Financial anxiety may impede cancer screening, even for high-risk women aware of their risk status. Clinical interventions focused on social determinants of health may also need to address financial anxiety for women at high risk of breast cancer.
Use of Nalmefene in Routine Practice: Results from a French Prospective Cohort Study and a National Database Analysis
Authors: Aubin Henri-Jean , Dureau-Pournin Caroline , Falissard Bruno , Paille François , Rigaud Alain , Micon Sophie , Pénichon Marine , Andersohn Frank , Truchi Christine , Blin Patrick 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Two complementary studies were used to assess the real-life use of nalmefene in alcohol-dependent patients and its impact on alcohol use health status.

Methods
USE-PACT was a prospective cohort study designed to evaluate the real-life effectiveness of nalmefene in the management of alcohol dependence, as assessed by total alcohol consumption (TAC) and number of heavy drinking days (HDD) at 1 year. USE-AM was a cohort study using data from the French nationwide claims database and was used to evaluate the external validity of the population in the prospective study.

Results
Overall, 256 of 700 new nalmefene users enrolled in the USE-PACT study had valid data at 1 year. After 1 year, patients treated with nalmefene showed a mean ± SD reduction from baseline in TAC (−41.5 ± 57.4 g/day) and number of HDD (−10.7 ± 11.7 days/4 weeks). Patients took a mean ± SD of 20.0 ± 12.0 tablets/4 weeks (median of 1 tablet/day) for the first 3 months and then reduced the dose. The proportion of patients who no longer took nalmefene gradually increased from 5% at 1 month to 52% at 1 year. The USE-AM study identified 486 patients with a first reimbursement for nalmefene in 2016; baseline characteristics confirmed external validity of the USE-PACT study. Overall, 46.3% of initial USE-AM prescriptions were made by GPs; most (91.8%) patients stopped treatment during follow-up. However, 15.2% of patients resumed treatment after stopping.

Conclusions
In this analysis of French routine practice, patients with alcohol dependence treated with nalmefene showed reduced alcohol consumption, and nalmefene was generally well tolerated.
Investigation of Association of Rare, Functional Genetic Variants With Heavy Drinking and Problem Drinking in Exome Sequenced UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Curtis David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
The study aimed to identify specific genes and functional genetic variants affecting susceptibility to two alcohol-related phenotypes: heavy drinking and problem drinking.

Methods
Phenotypic and exome sequence data were downloaded from the UK Biobank. Reported drinks in the last 24 hours were used to define heavy drinking, while responses to a mental health questionnaire defined problem drinking. Gene-wise weighted burden analysis was applied, with genetic variants which were rarer and/or had a more severe functional effect being weighted more highly. Additionally, previously reported variants of interest were analysed inidividually.

Results
Of exome sequenced subjects, for heavy drinking, there were 8166 cases and 84,461 controls, while for problem drinking, there were 7811 cases and 59,606 controls. No gene was formally significant after correction for multiple testing, but three genes possibly related to autism were significant at P &lt; 0.001, FOXP1, ARHGAP33 and CDH9, along with VGF which may also be of psychiatric interest. Well established associations with rs1229984 in ADH1B and rs671 in ALDH2 were confirmed, but previously reported variants in ALDH1B1 and GRM3 were not associated with either phenotype.

Conclusions
This large study fails to conclusively implicate any novel genes or variants. It is possible that more definitive results will be obtained when sequence data for the remaining UK Biobank participants become available and/or if data can be obtained for a more extreme phenotype such as alcohol dependence disorder. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource.
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Urinary Escherichia coli Among Outpatients in Washington State, 2013–2017: Associations With Age and Sex
Authors: Frisbie Lauren , Weissman Scott J , Kapoor Hema , D’Angeli Marisa , Salm Ann , Radcliff Jeff , Rabinowitz Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Management of acute, uncomplicated cystitis in outpatients benefits from knowledge of drug resistance patterns in the population. However, antibiograms are often not available for the outpatient setting, and the role of host factors such as sex and age in assessing the likelihood of resistance are not well understood. We investigated whether antibiotic resistance patterns of outpatient urinary Escherichia coli isolates vary by age group and sex in a large database of antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results from Washington State.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed AST data for outpatient urinary E. coli isolates in Washington State tested at a clinical reference laboratory from 2013 to 2017. In logistic regression models stratified by sex, we tested the associations of antibiotic resistance with patient age.

Results
We found females &gt;50 years had greater odds than females younger than 19 for resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–1.69), ciprofloxacin (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.48–3.74), ceftriaxone (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.77–3.92), and gentamicin (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.27–2.08) (all P &lt; .001). Compared to males younger than 19, males &gt;50 years had greater odds of resistance to ciprofloxacin (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.18–5.69) and lower odds of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, .34–.96) (all P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that age and sex are associated with variability in antibiotic resistance patterns in the outpatient setting. Availability of outpatient antibiotic resistance data based on sex and age may be useful to inform empiric prescribing for outpatient UTIs and to support antibiotic stewardship efforts.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination in Preventing Hospitalization Due to Influenza in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Boddington Nicki L , Pearson Isabelle , Whitaker Heather , Mangtani Punam , Pebody Richard G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This systematic review assesses the literature for estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalization in children. Studies of any design to June 8, 2020, were included if the outcome was hospitalization, participants were 17 years or younger and influenza infection was laboratory-confirmed. A random-effects meta-analysis of 37 studies that used a test-negative design gave a pooled seasonal IVE against hospitalization of 53.3% (47.2–58.8) for any influenza. IVE was higher against influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (68.7%, 56.9–77.2) and lowest against influenza A/H3N2 (35.8%, 23.4–46.3). Estimates by vaccine type ranged from 44.3% (30.1–55.7) for live-attenuated influenza vaccines to 68.9% (53.6–79.2) for inactivated vaccines. IVE estimates were higher in seasons when the circulating influenza strains were antigenically matched to vaccine strains (59.3%, 48.3–68.0). Influenza vaccination gives moderate overall protection against influenza-associated hospitalization in children supporting annual vaccination. IVE varies by influenza subtype and vaccine type.
Democratic Disruption in the Age of Social Media: Between Marketized and Structural Conceptions of Human Rights Law
Authors: Sander Barrie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Once hailed as beacons of democracy, social media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter now find themselves credited with its decay. Amidst a rising global techlash and growing calls for digital constitutionalism, this article develops a typology of the diverse forms of governance enabled by social media platforms and examines the contestability of human rights law in addressing the accountability deficits that characterize the platform economy. The article examines two interrelated forms of social media governance in particular: content moderation, encompassing the practices through which social media companies determine the permissibility and visibility of online content on their platforms; and data surveillance, encompassing the practices through which social media companies process personal data in accordance with their extractivist business models. Recognizing that human rights law is a vocabulary of governance with the potential to both restrain and legitimate particular relations of power within the platform economy, this article critically examines two rival conceptions of human rights law – marketized and structural – that may be relied upon to address the accountability shortfalls that pervade the contemporary social media ecosystem. The article ultimately argues in favour of a more structural conception of human rights law, one characterized by an openness to positive state intervention to safeguard public and collective values such as media pluralism and diversity as well as a systemic lens that strives to take into account imbalances of power in the social media ecosystem and the effects of state and platform practices on the social media environment as a whole.
Genomic Variation and Recent Population Histories of Spotted (Strix occidentalis) and Barred (Strix varia) Owls
Authors: Fujito Naoko T , Hanna Zachary R , Levy-Sakin Michal , Bowie Rauri C K , Kwok Pui-Yan , Dumbacher John P , Wall Jeffrey D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spotted owls (SOs, Strix occidentalis) are a flagship species inhabiting old-growth forests in western North America. In recent decades, their populations have declined due to ongoing reductions in suitable habitat caused by logging, wildfires, and competition with the congeneric barred owl (BO, Strix varia). The northern spotted owl (S. o. caurina) has been listed as “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act since 1990. Here, we use an updated SO genome assembly along with 51 high-coverage whole-genome sequences to examine population structure, hybridization, and recent changes in population size in SO and BO. We found that potential hybrids identified from intermediate plumage morphology were a mixture of pure BO, F1 hybrids, and F1 × BO backcrosses. Also, although SO underwent a population bottleneck around the time of the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, their population sizes rebounded and show no evidence of any historical (i.e., 100–10,000 years ago) population decline. This suggests that the current decrease in SO abundance is due to events in the past century. Finally, we estimate that western and eastern BOs have been genetically separated for thousands of years, instead of the previously assumed recent (i.e., &lt;150 years) divergence. Although this result is surprising, it is unclear where the ancestors of western BO lived after the separation. In particular, although BO may have colonized western North America much earlier than the first recorded observations, it is also possible that the estimated divergence time reflects unsampled BO population structure within central or eastern North America.
Impact of Retirement on Sleep Problems Among Older Workers and Their Partners
Authors: Mutambudzi Miriam , van Solinge Hanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Sleep problems are a public health burden and have adverse health consequences in older adults. Despite sleep being a shared biological process between couples, to date, there have not been any studies that have assessed the association between retirement and sleep in older couples. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of retirement on diagnosed sleep problems in older Dutch couples.

Research Design and Methods
This study used data from 2 waves of the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute Pension Panel Study for older Dutch adults living with a partner (n = 3,726). Logistic regression models examined the strength of association between retirement and sleep problems, while accounting for the moderating role of relationship characteristics.

Results
Retirement was associated with decreased odds of sleep problems at Wave 2 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.46–0.78). Lower relationship quality was associated with increased odds of sleep problems in the fully adjusted model (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.32–2.49). Having a partner with sleep problems was associated with an increased risk of sleep problems as well (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07–2.13). There was evidence of effect modification by relationship quality (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.05–3.31).

Discussion and Implications
Retirement and sleep do not occur in a social vacuum and have implications beyond the individual level. More research is therefore needed to understand the impact of sleep and its health consequences on older coupled workers. Such research may provide valuable insights for the management and treatment of sleep problems and may have implications for the public health of aging communities.
Arrests, Internments, and Deportations of Swiss Jews in France, and the Reactions of Swiss Authorities, 1941–1944
Authors: Späti Christina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hundreds of Swiss Jews were living in France when Germany attacked and conquered it in mid-1940. Antisemitic laws came into force soon thereafter. One question was whether these measures would apply to citizens of a neutral state. German and French authorities applied such laws, for instance, interning approximately sixty Swiss Jews in the Northern Zone. The present study focuses on the arrests, internments, and occasional deportations of Swiss Jews living in France, and the often feeble efforts of Swiss diplomats and other authorities to extricate them. The haunting question remains how much more could have been done.