bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplex Treatments of Chromizing and Nitriding: Influence of the Steel Composition and Treatment Sequence on the Surface Properties/Performance
Authors: Tassi Fernanda , Cardoso Rodrigo Perito , d’Oliveira Ana Sofia C. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Surface engineering is unavoidable for most high-performance components manufacturing. Frequently when very specific properties are required duplex treatments are necessary. In the case of diffusion-based treatments, like nitriding and chromizing, the substrate composition plays an important role in the obtained results. Consequently, for duplex treatments, the second treatment will be influenced by the first one. Putting these aspects in evidence, Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) CK15, DIN C45Pb, and DIN X40CrMoV5-1 steels were exposed to pack chromizing followed by plasma nitriding and plasma nitriding followed by pack chromizing. Results showed that the treated surface features are very sensitive to the steel composition and treatment sequence. In nitrided and chromized surfaces, the iron nitrides formed during the first treatment are dissolved and replaced by chromium nitrides (CrxNy) during chromizing. The inverse sequence resulted in surfaces containing chromium carbide (Cr7C3) formed during chromizing with CrxNy and iron nitrides formed during nitriding. The higher measured hardness (1,499 Vickers hardness [HV]) was obtained for the chromized and nitride DIN X40CrMoV5-1 steel. Salt spray tests showed that treatments ending by chromizing are the most promising for enhancing the surface corrosion resistance, except for the low carbon steel.
Five-year follow-up on a sample of gamblers: predictive factors of relapse
Authors: Grall-Bronnec Marie , Guillou-Landreat Morgane , Caillon Julie , Dubertret Caroline , Romo Lucia , Codina Irène , Chereau-Boudet Isabelle , Lancon Christophe , Auriacombe Marc , _ _ , Hardouin Jean-Benoit , Challet-Bouju Gaëlle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsFew studies have been conducted on the long-term evolution of gambling disorder (GD). The aim of this study was to identify factors that could predict GD relapse.MethodsData were part of a dataset from a large 5-year cohort of gamblers who were assessed at inclusion and each year thereafter. Participants were recruited from an outpatient addiction treatment center, from various gambling places and through the press. For this specific study, inclusion criteria included (i) transitioning from GD to recovery at a follow-up time and (ii) undergoing at least one follow-up visit afterwards. Participants were evaluated using a structured clinical interview and self-report questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, gambling and clinical characteristics. “Relapse” was defined as the presence of GD (according to the DSM-5) at the N+1th visit following the absence of GD at the Nth visit. A Markov model-based approach was employed to examine predictive factors associated with relapse at a subsequent follow-up visit.ResultsThe sample consisted of 87 participants, aged 47.6 years (sd = 12.6), who were predominantly male (65%). Among the participants, 49 remained in recovery, whereas 38 relapsed. Participants who reported not having experienced at least one month of abstinence and those with a low level of self-directedness at the previous follow-up visit were more likely to relapse.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the existence of factors that are predictive of relapse in individuals with GD who had previously achieved recovery. These results can inspire the development of measures to promote long-term recovery.
The identification of Australian low-risk gambling limits: A comparison of gambling-related harm measures
Authors: Dowling Nicki A. , Greenwood Christopher J. , Merkouris Stephanie S. , Youssef George J. , Browne Matthew , Rockloff Matthew , Myers Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsProblem gambling severity and gambling-related harm are closely coupled, but conceptually distinct, constructs. The primary aim was to compare low-risk gambling limits when gambling-related harm was defined using the negative consequence items of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI-Harm) and the Short Gambling Harms Scale items (SGHS-Harm). A secondary aim was compare low-risk limits derived using a definition of harm in which at least two harms across different domains (e.g. financial and relationship) were endorsed with a definition of harm in which at least two harms from any domain were endorsed.MethodsData were collected from dual-frame computer-assisted telephone interviews of 5,000 respondents in the fourth Social and Economic Impact Study (SEIS) of Gambling in Tasmania. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyse were conducted to identify low-risk gambling limits.ResultsPGSI-Harm and SGHS-Harm definitions produced similar overall limits: 30–37 times per year; AUD$510–$544 per year; expenditure comprising no more than 10.2–10.3% of gross personal income; 400–454 minutes per year; and 2 types of gambling activities per year. Acceptable limits (AUC ≥0.70) were identified for horse/dog racing, keno, and sports/other betting using the PGSI definition; and electronic gaming machines, keno, and bingo using the SGHS definition. The requirement that gamblers endorse two or more harms across different domains had a relatively negligible effect.Discussion and conclusionsAlthough replications using alternative measures of harm are required, previous PGSI-based limits appear to be robust thresholds that have considerable potential utility in the prevention of gambling-related harm.
Effects of water restriction on carbohydrates concentration, starch granules size and amylolytic activity in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray
Authors: Cilia García Marcela , Peña-Valdivia Cecilia B. , Bernal Gracida Lilia Angélica , Yáñez Jiménez Petra , García Esteva Antonio , Padilla-Chacón Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Background: Seed mass is a key component of adaptation in plants that are strongly affected by development and maturity, and, at the same time, all is modulated by the environment of cultivation.
Hypotheses: The response to water deficit in seeds of P. vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray is species-dependent and affects their biochemical and morphological characteristics.
Studied species: The studied cultivars were Rosa Bufa ( P. vulgaris ) and cv. 10017 ( P . acutifolius ). Seeds were obtained from plants grown at 100 % and 25 % soil field capacity during their pod development.
Study site and dates: The experiments were performed during May and August 2018 in a greenhouse at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, State of Mexico (altitude 2,353 m).
Methods: The biochemical and morphological characteristics and the grain size of starch in seeds cotyledons were assessed.
Results: Water restriction had no significant effects on the seed thickness, width, or mass only length decreased in P. acutifolius . In both species, the axis size of the starch granules decreased due to the stress, glucose concentration increased, sucrose and starch were not altered. Water imbibition increased six times in P. vulgaris seeds with no effect on the germination. The α-amylase activity was 25 - 35 % lower in both species due to the water restriction, particularly in P. acutifolius the activity was two-fold higher than in P. vulgaris .
Conclusions: Comparing the carbohydrate concentration in germinating seeds of common and Tepary beans gave insights on the nutrient reserves mobilization during seed maturation and germination.
Seed longevity, viability and germination of four weed-ruderal Asteraceae species of ethnobotanic value
Authors: Jiménez-Vázquez Andrea Mariel , Flores-Palacios Alejandro , Flores-Morales Alejandro , Perea-Arango Irene , Gutiérrez María del Carmen , Arellano-García José de Jesús , Valencia-Díaz Susana 
Published: April 2021

Background: A high proportion of Asteraceae species are considered weeds, some of them have recognizable biological properties. To design production protocols and ex situ seed conservation programs is necessary to determine the effect of storage temperature on seed viability and longevity. It is known that cold temperatures maintain seed viability and thus prolong seed longevity.
Hypotheses: The seeds of Aldama dentata , Verbesina virgata , Stevia origanoides and Roldana barba-johannis stored at low temperature (5 ºC) will have greater longevity than when stored at room temperature (16.45 ± 1.94 oC) and will decrease their viability as they age.
Study site and dates: Seeds of the four Asteraceae were collected (November-December 2015) in The National Park “El Tepozteco”, Morelos, Mexico and in the “Chamilpa” campus of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos.
Methods: The monthly germination experiments (11) were implemented with seeds stored under both temperatures, germination (%) and mean germination time were registered to estimate seed longevity. The seed viability stored at room temperature was evaluated with the tetrazolium test.
Results: Germination and viability decreased with seed age. Along the experiment, seed germination was similar at both storage temperatures. A . dentata and S . origanoides showed the highest germination but A . dentata alone reached the major seed viability. The oldest seeds germinated faster.
Conclusions: Seed longevity of all the species exceeded one year. For propagation purposes, it is recommended to use seeds between 8 and 9 months of age, when their germination and viability are the highest.
Spatial Analysis of the Degraded Forest Areas in Idmine Forest-Morocco Using Geoscience Capabilities
Authors: LAARIBYA Said , ALAOUI Assmaa , AYAN Sezgin , BENABOU Abdelkader 
Published: April 2021

Aim of study: The aim of the study is to present a diagnosis for the state of Argan forest degradation in Morocco through GIS and remote sensing utilizing Sentinel 2 satellite images of the year 2019 (dated 28/08/2019).
Area of study: The study was carried out in a forest commune in Idmine, South West Morocco, which is located in semi-arid bioclimatic region.
Material and methods: In the study, two methods were tested. These are; (i) the vegetation indices (VIs) [Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Brilliance Index (IB)] and their combination and (ii) the supervised classification and spectral analysis.
Main results: Two methods have given the same results (Kappa coefficient=90%) to describe the state of forest degradation. Consequently, three classes pertaining to forest degradation within the study area were; low (34%), medium (44%) and critical degradation (22%).
Highlights: This monitoring might help managers to create forest management plans and to evaluate the speed of deforestation and degradation.
ZnO-based Nano Biomimetic Smart Artificial Form Located on Lignocellulosic Surface with Hydrothermal Approach
Authors: RAMAZANOĞLU Doğu , ÖZDEMİR Ferhat 
Published: April 2021

Aim of study: In this study, a ZnO-based smart artificial nano biomimetic form is created on the wooden surface with the hydrothermal approach to increase the resistance of the wood against moisture and water and provide a more hygienic surface.
Material and methods: Zinc borate, Zinc oxide, Sodium hydroxide and Hydrochloric acid were hydrothermally applied to the massive surface to synthesize the ZnO-based nano biomimetic structure on the lignocellulosic surface. The hydrophobization step was achieved using 1H,1H,2H,2H- Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. In the characterization step; XRD, EDX, SEM and TGA analyzes were done. WCA analysis was performed to determine the hydrophobicity feature.
Main results: ZnO-based nano biomimetic smart surface form with photo catalyst feature created on the wooden surface has provided a water contact angle of θγ 145°.
Highlights: Synthesized ZnO-based nano biomimetic smart surface form has given the wooden material a hydrophobic structure. Thanks to the new feature gained by functionalizing the lignocellulosic surface, it is predicted to be preferred in all areas where hygiene is desired.
A Faunistic List for the Superfamilies Papilionoidea, Geometroidea, Cossoidea, Lasiocampoidea, Bombycoidea, Drepanoidea, Noctuoidea and Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) of Muğla Province, South-Western Turkey
Authors: SEVEN Erdem , YILMAZ Nafiz 
Published: April 2021

Aim of study: The present study aimed to contribute Lepidoptera fauna of Muğla province and Turkey.
Area of study: Research was carried out in Muğla province, Ula district, Gökova, Akyaka Forest Camp.
Material and methods: Butterfly and moth samples were collected between in 2018-2020 with net and mercury vapour lamp. Specimens were arranged according to standard methods and diagnosed. Materials were stored at Entomology Laboratory of Batman University.
Main results: In total, 133 species were identified and, 31 of them are new discovered in Muğla province.
Highlights: Lepidoptera species of Muğla province, especially Geometroidea and Pyraloidea groups, have not been well studied. The results of the research contribute to the elimination of this deficiency. In addition, information on the vegetation of the study area is given for the first time. Eastern Pine Processionary Moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams, 1925), which is an oligofag defoliator in pine forests, has been observed with the high population density in the research area.
Determination of Vitamin E Levels in Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) Grown in the Lake Van Basin by HPLC
Authors: DEMİRKAN Faruk , BİLİCİ Mustafa , YÖRÜK İbrahim 
Published: April 2021

Aim of study: The present study describes determination of vitamin E levels in Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) Grown in the Lake Van basin.
Area of study: Adilcevaz, Bahçesaray, Çatak, Edremit, Gevaş regions in the Lake Van basin and in the center of Van.
Material and methods: Walnuts were collected regions and stored in a deep freezer for analysis. On the day of analysis, 10 pieces of fresh and dried walnut samples belonging to each region were taken and broken, and a homogeneous mixture was obtained by pulverizing them and determined by HPLC.
Main results: The amounts of α-Tocopherol of the samples in fresh walnuts were found to be 2.36 ± 0.01 µg/g, 5.01 ± 0.31 µg/g, 6.23 ± 0.15 µg/g, 7.20 ± 0.28 µg/g, 3.99 ± 0.46 µg/g, 5.05 ± 0.30 µg/g, respectively, and the amounts of γ-Tocopherol were found to be 23.80 ± 0.52 µg/g, 16.54 ± 1.08 µg/g, 14.82 ± 0.46 µg/g, 17.34 ± 0.78 µg/g, 11.91 ± 0.40 µg/g, 15.57 ± 0.90 µg/g, respectively, according to the regions. The amounts of α-Tocopherol in dried walnuts were found to be 5.13 ± 0.26 µg/g, 6.84 ± 0.31 µg/g, 7.58 ± 0.40 µg/g, 10.49 ± 0.51 µg/g, 8.65 ± 0.34 µg/g, 5.82 ± 0.19 µg/g, respectively, and the amounts of γ-Tocopherol were found to be 33.10 ± 1.65 µg/g, 21.97 ± 0.87 µg/g, 20.98 ± 0.83 µg/g, 29.19 ± 0.80 µg/g, 21.09 ± 0.24 µg/g, 18.41 ± 0.82 µg/g, respectively, according to the regions.
Highlights: The results obtained in the study are considered, it is observed that the walnuts grown in Adilcevaz, Bahçesaray, Çatak, Edremit, Gevaş and Van-Center regions are of high quality.
Comparison of Serum Interleukin 10 Levels between Leprosy and Non-Leprosy Population
Authors: Kodrati Adika , Salim Eddy Mart , Hafy Zen 
Published: April 2021

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease that attacks the peripheral nerves, skin, and other organs. The cytokine IL-10 can deactivate macrophages, inhibit IL-12 production, which also inhibits IFN-ϒ production. IL-10 directly inhibits CD4+T cells and antigen-presenting cell (APC) function in cells infected with M. leprae. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in IL-10 levels in leprosy patients and non-patients at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital. This study used a case-control design for comparing 2 groups. Respondents in this study were 80 people. The case samples were all leprosy patients who were treated at the dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang for the period of January 16 - February 16, 2019, while the control group was medical personnel and paramedics who worked at the same hospital. The examination was carried out using the ELISA Sandwich method. The results showed that there was a significant difference in IL-10 levels between leprosy patients and non-leprosy leprosy (p=0.000). The average IL-10 level in leprosy patients (13.24 pg/ml) was lower than that in non-patients (40.15 pg/ml). It is concluded that there is a difference in IL-10 levels between leprosy patients and non-leprosy patients in leprosy sufferers are lower than non-leprosy persons.
The Density of Dermatophagoides sp. in Households and its Correlation with the Score for Allergic Rhinitis in Jember, East Java
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Erma , Laili Elisa Fadia , Abrori Cholis 
Published: April 2021

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Indonesia is an estimated 24.3% and increasing each year. The majority cause of AR is house dust mites (HDMs) allergens, especially Dermatophagoides sp. The screening tool to estimate the prevalence and diagnose AF in a population setting is the Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the density of Dermatophagoides sp. in households and the SFAR in Jember, East Java. The study enrolled 30 housewives as respondents, which were selected by stratified random sampling. Respondents were interviewed using the SFAR questionnaire. The dust sample from each house of the respondent was collected, the HDMs either Dermatophagoides sp. or others were identified and the density of Dermatophagoides sp. was calculated. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Test. Dermatophagoides sp. were found in 21 out of 30 samples and 11 out of 30 respondents had an SFAR of ≥ 7. The Pearson analysis showed the value of p = 0.555 and r = 0.136. Dermatophagoides sp. was the majority of species of HDMs, but there was no significant correlation between the density of Dermatophagoides sp. in households and the SFAR among housewives in Jember.
Correlation between Cup Ratio and Optic Nerve Disc with High Myopia
Authors: Meida Nur Shani , Ikliluddin Ahmad , Setyandriana Yunani , Dina Ayu Nadia 
Published: April 2021

High myopia is one of the risk factors for glaucoma, which is often accompanied by abnormalities in the fundus due to excessive stretching. The object of the study is to determine correlation between cup ratio and optic nerve disc with high myopia. This is a non-experimental research, analytic observational with cross-sectional study design. The subjects were patients with myopia with more than – 6.00 diopters at the Kebumen Eye Center Clinic and Purbowangi Gombong Hospital. Data collection was carried out in January - August 2019. The respondents were 30 people, consisting of 14 men (46.7%), 16 women (53.3%), with an average age of 33.07 ± 18.04 years. Mean refraction of right eye (OD / Ocular Dextra) were -10.72 ± 4.82 diopters and left eye (OS / Ocular Sinistra) were -10.27 ± 4.52 diopters. The results of the correlation test using Spearman Test showed that there is no significant correlation (OD p = 0.115, OS p = 0.118) between the cup ratio and optic nerve disk with high myopia. It conclude that there is no significant correlation between cup ratio and optic nerve disc with high myopia.
A prospective randomised control study on dynamic compression plating versus intra medullary interlocking nailing in humeral diaphyseal fractures
Authors: Abdul Muhammed Junaid , Chitten Jojin Jose , Balasubramaniam Ramasamy , Rajesh Rajamohan 
Published: April 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Surgical fixation of humeral shaft fractures generally involves plating or nailing. Despite the extensive literature comparing outcomes after open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) with plating and interlocking intramedullary nailing (ILIMN) for acute humeral diaphyseal fractures, the superior treatment strategy still remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the functional outcome of each method of fixation (dynamic compression plating and interlocking nailing) for the shaft of humerus fracture and to analyse statistically significant difference in the results of these two methods in terms of functional outcome, rate of healing and complications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a prospective randomized control study and evaluated the results of 50 patients having humeral shaft fracture which were internally fixed with antegrade interlocking nailing (25 patients) and dynamic compression plating (DCP) plate (25 patients). Patients were followed up on average of 11.4 months and their radiological outcomes were assessed with plain radiography and with DASH score.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The plating group had statistically significant faster radiological healing and better DASH score compared to nailing group. Also, postoperative complication rate was higher in ILN group which was statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> ORIF with DCP provides better results in terms of good functional outcome, faster radiological union and less post-operative complications compared to ILIM nailing. Hence, we concluded that plating is a superior option than nailing.</p>
Intralesional bleomycin in palmoplantar and periungual warts: a therapeutic study
Authors: Devi B. Gayatri , Raju P. V. Krishnam , Gopal K. V. T. , Sneha Vanapalli R. 
Published: April 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Warts are one of the most common benign growths of skin caused by human papilloma virus. No single treatment has proved to be completely effective and most therapies for palmo-plantar and periungual warts remain unsatisfactory. The present study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intralesional bleomycin injection in palmo-plantar and periungual warts in patients in region of south east India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Ninety patients of multiple palmo-plantar and periungual warts were included in the study. They were infiltrated with bleomycin (1 mg/ml) till blanching. The treatment was repeated after paring of eschar at 2 weeks interval in cases with partial or no response. The patients were reviewed at monthly interval for 24 weeks to note cure, adverse effects, recurrence and outcome satisfaction levels. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of total 305 warts, 103 (34%) were cured after 1st injection and 249 (82%) were cured after 2nd injection. The number of warts requiring more than 2 sittings was 55 (18%). At the end of study, overall cure rate was 94.5% and 10 patients showed recurrence.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Intralesional bleomycin injection is an effective and safe treatment option in palmo-plantar and periungual warts.</p>