bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onychomycosis in patients with multiple sclerosis: prevalence, clinical description, mycological, and dermoscopic study in a Mexican population
Authors: Sánchez‐Cárdenas Carlos D. , Vega‐Sánchez Diana , Vargas‐Santana Sarah B. , Flores‐Rivera José , Arenas Roberto , Corona Teresa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease related to HLA‐DR8. Susceptibility to onychomycosis has been found in Mexican mestizos with HLA‐DR8. The frequency of onychomycosis in this neurological disease is unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of onychomycosis and its clinical, mycological, and dermoscopic characteristics in patients with MS in comparison with the general population.MethodsObservational, cross‐sectional, case–control study in patients with MS from October 2017 to February 2018. Age, gender, MS type, and time of progression from diagnosis to date and baseline treatment were collected after signed informed consent. A neurological exploration and clinical examination of fingernails and toenails for onychomycosis was conducted. Mycological and dermoscopic studies of the infected nails were performed on patients with clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis. A healthy control group was taken for each case (1:1), paired by age and gender.ResultsThe frequency of onychomycosis in patients with MS was higher than the healthy population (32% vs. 26%, P = 0.509). A higher frequency of non‐dermatophyte fungi was found, although it was not statistically significant. The clinical manifestations and dermoscopic findings in patients with MS and onychomycosis were similar to those of the general population.ConclusionThe frequency of onychomycosis in patients with MS is slightly higher than that of the general population. A possible association of HLA‐DR8 as a susceptibility factor for onychomycosis is proposed. The etiology of opportunistic fungi in MS patients with onychomycosis may be related to immunosuppressive treatment.
Longitudinal assessment of social attention in preterm and term infants: Its relation to social communication and language outcome
Authors: Imafuku Masahiro , Kawai Masahiko , Niwa Fusako , Shinya Yuta , Myowa Masako 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPreterm birth has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of social communication and language problems. Recently, we found that preterm infants showed atypical patterns of social attention compared with term infants. However, it is still unknown how social attention develops and whether the individual differences are associated with developmental outcomes for social communication and language in preterm infants. The social attention of preterm and term infants at 6, 12, and 18 months was investigated using two types of social attention tasks (human‐geometric preference task and gaze‐following task). The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory adapted for Japanese were measured at 18 months. We found that compared with term infants, preterm infants spent less time looking toward dynamic human images and followed another's gaze directions less frequently through 6, 12, and 18 months. Moreover, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that less preference for dynamic human images and gaze‐following abilities was associated with high M‐CHAT and low language scores in preterm and term infants, respectively. These findings suggest that birth status affects development of social attention through 18 months and individual differences in social attention reflect differences in social communication and language outcomes.
Cardioneuroablation for cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope
Authors: John Leah A. , Mullis Andin , Payne Joshua , Tung Roderick , Aksu Tolga , Winterfield Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardioneuroablation (CNA) is an emerging technique being used to treat patients with cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope (VVS). We describe a case of CNA in targeting atrial ganglionated plexi (GP) based upon anatomical landmarks and fractionated electrogram (EGM) localization in a patient with cardioinhibitory syncope.Case PresentationA 20‐year‐old healthy female presented with malignant VVS and symptomatic sinus pauses, with the longest detected at 10 s. She underwent acutely successful CNA with demonstration of vagal response (VR) noted after ablation of left sided GP, and tachycardia noted with right sided GP ablation. All GP sites were defined by anatomical landmarks and EGM analysis. By using the fractionation mapping software of Ensite Precision mapping system with high density mapping, fragmented EGMs were successfully detected in each GP site. One month after vagal denervation, there were no recurrent syncopal episodes or sinus pauses. Longer term follow‐up with implantable loop recorder is planned.ConclusionWe performed CNA in a patient with VVS by utilizing a novel approach of combined use of high density mapping and fractionation mapping software. With this approach, we were able to detect fractionation in all GP sites and demonstrate acute VR. This workflow may allow for a new, standardized technique suitable for widespread use.
Time and Accuracy of the CEREC Omnicam Using Two Different Software Programs
Authors: Porr Douglas A. , Brooks Daniel I. , Liacouras Peter C. , Petrich Anton , Ellert Daniel O. , Ye Ling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of software on scan time, trueness, and precision of digital scans created using the CEREC Omnicam.Material and methodsSixty scans (20 scans/provider) of a standard reference cast were made by three different providers using the CEREC Omnicam with both CEREC Ortho 1.2.1 software (10 scans/provider) and CEREC SW 4.4.4 software (10 scans/provider). A digital full arch scan and the time to complete each scan were recorded. Trueness was calculated by overlaying the digital scans against a reference file created using the standard reference cast and a laboratory‐based, white light, 3‐dimensional scanner. Precision was calculated by overlaying each of digital scans against each other, using each scan as a reference. The non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney U‐test was used to determine significant differences attributable to scanning software for each provider.ResultsThe CEREC Ortho 1.2.1 software required a longer scan time than the CEREC SW 4.4.4 software for each provider (∼1 minute). No significant difference in trueness was observed within one provider. Two individual providers had higher precision when scanning with the CEREC Ortho 1.2.1 software than the CEREC SW 4.4.4 software.ConclusionSoftware and scan strategy may affect the accuracy of complete‐arch scans. The CEREC Ortho 1.2.1 software may demonstrate a speed‐accuracy tradeoff, with generally longer scan times and possibly more precise scans.
The genetic architecture and population genomic signatures of glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus tuberculatus
Authors: Kreiner Julia M. , Tranel Patrick J. , Weigel Detlef , Stinchcombe John R. , Wright Stephen I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMuch of what we know about the genetic basis of herbicide resistance has come from detailed investigations of monogenic adaptation at known target‐sites, despite the increasingly recognized importance of polygenic resistance. Little work has been done to characterize the broader genomic basis of herbicide resistance, including the number and distribution of genes involved, their effect sizes, allele frequencies and signatures of selection. In this work, we implemented genome‐wide association (GWA) and population genomic approaches to examine the genetic architecture of glyphosate (Round‐up) resistance in the problematic agricultural weed Amaranthus tuberculatus. A GWA was able to correctly identify the known target‐gene but statistically controlling for two causal target‐site mechanisms revealed an additional 250 genes across all 16 chromosomes associated with non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR). The encoded proteins had functions that have been linked to NTSR, the most significant of which is response to chemicals, but also showed pleiotropic roles in reproduction and growth. Compared to an empirical null that accounts for complex population structure, the architecture of NTSR was enriched for large effect sizes and low allele frequencies, suggesting the role of pleiotropic constraints on its evolution. The enrichment of rare alleles also suggested that the genetic architecture of NTSR may be population‐specific and heterogeneous across the range. Despite their rarity, we found signals of recent positive selection on NTSR‐alleles by both window‐ and haplotype‐based statistics, and an enrichment of amino acid changing variants. In our samples, genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms explain a comparable amount of the total variation in glyphosate resistance to monogenic mechanisms, even in a collection of individuals where 80% of resistant individuals have large‐effect TSR mutations, indicating an underappreciated polygenic contribution to the evolution of herbicide resistance in weed populations.
Comparative efficacy of different weight loss treatments on knee osteoarthritis: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Panunzi Simona , Maltese Sabina , De Gaetano Andrea , Capristo Esmeralda , Bornstein Stefan R. , Mingrone Geltrude 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe lifetime risk of developing symptomatic knee osteoarthritis is 60% in subjects with obesity. It is unclear which is the best weight loss interventions leading to a meaningful improvement of osteoarthritis symptoms and clinical conditions in subjects with obesity. Our network meta‐analysis compares different weight loss interventions on the improvement of osteoarthritis symptoms and clinical conditions in subjects affected by obesity. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for eligible studies until November 2020. Thirty eligible studies comprising 4651 adults (74.6% women) were included. The most effective interventions reducing pain were bariatric surgery, low‐calorie diet and exercise, and intensive weight loss and exercise (−62.7 [95% CrI: −74.6, −50.6]; −34.4 [95% CrI: −48.1, −19.5]; −27.1 [95% CrI: −40.4, −13.6] respectively). For every 1% weight loss Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) pain, function, and stiffness scores decreased by about 2% points. In conclusion, our meta‐analysis shows that a substantial weight loss is necessary to reduce significantly knee pain and joint stiffness and to improve physical function: 25% weight reduction from baseline is necessary to obtain a 50% reduction of each subscale of the WOMAC score. However, performing physical exercise is essential to preserve the lean body mass and to avoid sarcopenia. Our results apply to a large spectrum of body mass index (BMI), from overweight to severe obesity.
Obesity, but not hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance, predicts skeletal muscle mass in reproductive‐aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 45 observational studies
Authors: Kazemi Maryam , Pierson Roger A. , Parry Stephen A. , Kaviani Mojtaba , Chilibeck Philip D. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit reduced muscle insulin‐mediated glucose uptake, potentially attributed to altered muscle mass; however, this is inconclusive. Altered muscle mass may aggravate PCOS complications. Our systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluated whether PCOS alters muscle mass and function. Databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus) were searched through September 2, 2020, for studies documenting skeletal muscle mass (lean tissue mass) and function (strength) in PCOS and control groups. The primary outcome was total lean body mass (LBM) or fat‐free mass (FFM). Data were pooled by random‐effects models and expressed as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Forty‐five studies (n = 3676 participants) were eligible. Women with PCOS had increased total (0.83 [0.08,1.58] kg; p = 0.03; I2 = 72.0%) yet comparable trunk (0.84 [−0.37,2.05] kg; p = 0.15; I2 = 73.0%) LBM or FFM versus controls. Results of meta‐regression analyses showed no associations between mean differences between groups in total testosterone or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and total or trunk LBM or FFM (All: p ≥ 0.75). Mean differences in body mass index (BMI) were associated with total (0.65 [0.23,1.06] kg; p < 0.01; I2 = 56.9%) and trunk (0.56 [0.11,1.01] kg; p = 0.02; I2 = 42.8%) LBM or FFM. The PCOS subgroup with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had greater total LBM or FFM versus controls (1.58 [0.82,2.34] kg; p < 0.01; I2 = 64.0%) unlike the PCOS subgroup with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (−0.45 [−1.94,1.05] kg; p = 0.53; I2 = 69.5%). Appendicular lean mass and muscle strength data were contradictory and described narratively, as meta‐analyses were impossible. Women with PCOS have higher total and trunk lean tissue mass attributed to overweight/obesity, unlike hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance.
The relative benefits of nonattachment to self and self‐compassion for psychological distress and psychological well‐being for those with and without symptoms of depression
Authors: Whitehead Richard , Bates Glen , Elphinstone Brad , Yang Yan 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesSelf‐compassion represents a way of interacting with the self involving kindness and a balanced approach to negative self‐related stimuli that has shown to contribute to reduced depression, anxiety and stress, and increased psychological well‐being. Due to the potential barriers towards self‐compassion for people with depressive symptoms, the objective of the present study what to investigate whether the emerging construct of ‘nonattachment to self’, which reflects a flexible and balanced approach to all self‐related stimuli, may be more beneficial for positive psychological outcomes than self‐compassion, for individuals with depressive symptoms.MethodA sample 388 participants (consisting of 71 men, 317 women) aged from 18 to 77 (M = 35.33, SD = 10.81) completed an online questionnaire measuring levels of self‐compassion, nonattachment to self, depressive symptoms, and well‐being.ResultsHigher levels of both nonattachment to self and self‐compassion were related to reduced psychological distress and increased psychological well‐being. However, for people with at least mild depressive symptoms, nonattachment to self was found to be a stronger predictor of reduced psychological distress and increased psychological well‐being than self‐compassion.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study suggests both nonattachment to self and self‐compassion are associated with better mental health in non‐clinical populations. Further, for individuals experiencing at least mild symptoms of depression, self‐compassion may be less beneficial than taking a more nonattached stance towards the self. The findings have implications for the way we conceptualize self‐focused attention and suggest assisting individuals to let go of their fixated, self‐focused attention may be especially beneficial for individuals with depressive symptoms.Practitioner points

The notion of letting of attachment to the separate static self lies at the core of Buddhist psychological teachings and recent research suggests it can have a positive impact on individuals psychological well‐being and ill‐being

Given the barriers to self‐compassion experienced by individuals with depressive symptoms, nonattachment to self may represent a healthy interaction with the self than is met with less resistance than self‐compassion.

Due to the balanced stance of nonattachment to self towards positive and negative self‐related stimuli, it may be prove to be a valuable approach to treating individuals who feel conflict with taking any form of positive or kind stance towards the self.
Identifying and validating SSR markers linked with rust resistance in lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Singh Jatinder , Sirari Asmita , Singh Harpreet , Kumar Ashok , Jaidka Manpreet , Mandahal Kamalpreet S. , Kumar Shiv , Singh Sarvjeet 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between rust resistant (FLIP‐2004‐7L) and susceptible (L‐9–12) genotypes were phenotyped against lentil rust at two hot‐spot locations for two consecutive years (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) and analysed genetically for molecular map construction. Based on the mean score of both the locations, the RILs were classified into resistant and susceptible classes. The frequency distribution of disease severity in the RILs did not show a continuous variation, which strongly indicate the role of a major gene controlling the rust resistance. Resistant and susceptible bulks were constituted based on phenotypic data of RILs. Of 389 SSR markers, eight were found polymorphic between bulks. Genotyping of RILs with these eight markers revealed two markers, namely LcSSR440 and LcSSR606, showing co‐segregation with rust resistance, which flanked the gene at 8.3 and 8.1cM, respectively. The applicability of these markers for marker‐assisted breeding was further evaluated on a set of rust resistant and susceptible genotypes of lentil.
Types of dental procedures provided to adults with autism spectrum condition: A descriptive study
Authors: Dumbuya Aminata , Comnick Carissa , Xie Xian Jin , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose/aimTo investigate demographic and systemic health characteristics, and the types of dental procedures performed for adults with autism that had sought care at a dental school.Materials and methodsDe‐identified data were collected from the records of patients aged 18+ who have self‐reported autism. Each patient's age, gender, BMI, mental health, heart disease, xerostomia, tobacco use, alcohol use, diabetes, use of drugs, seizures, and total number of medications, as well as the type and number of dental codes used in the care of that patient within each code category were included as variables.ResultsThe sample was composed by 244 patients. Mean age was 29.8 years (±12.3), 64.8% were males, and mean BMI was 29.9 (±8.1). Mental health condition was reported by 79.9%, heart disease by 25.4%, xerostomia by 21.7%, 20.9% reported using tobacco, 18.9% reported using alcohol, 14.8% reported having diabetes, 10.2% reported using drugs, and 3.7% reported having seizures. The median number of dental procedures per patient was nine, and exams, preventive, operative, and surgical procedures were the most common ones.ConclusionsAdult patients with autism were overweight/obese young males. Most common dental procedures were exams, followed by preventive, operative, and surgical procedures.
Peaks of circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer and associations in healthy eyes: the Beijing Eye Study 2011
Authors: Zhang Qing , Xu Liang , Zhao Liang , Jonas Rahul A , Wang Ya Xing , Jonas Jost B 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo investigate the distribution and associations of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) profile, characterised as peak height and peak position, in healthy eyes.Methods667 healthy participants (294 male) were randomly selected from the Beijing Eye Study 2011. RNFLT was measured at 768 points at 3.4 mm circumpapillary position using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The location and height of the superior temporally peak (PeakST), superior nasal peak (PeakSN) and inferior temporal peak (PeakIT) were assessed.ResultsThe RNFLT was thickest at PeakIT (194±25 µm; location: 288±12°), followed by PeakST (182±25 µm; 73±10°) and PeakSN (125±23 µm; 135°±13°). In multivariable analysis, peak RNFLT decreased with longer axial length (p<0.001; correlation coefﬁcient beta: −0.18 to −0.15; all peaks), older age (all p<0.01, beta: −0.10; PeakST and PeakIT), female gender (p=0.026, beta: −0.09; PeakST), and larger parapapillary gamma zone and beta zone width (p≤0.004, beta: −0.16 to−0.11; PeakSN). The temporal peaks were located more closely to the horizontal line in women (p≤0.020, beta: 0.09–0.11) and with longer axial length (p<0.001, beta: 0.27–0.31), while they were located more inferiorly in eyes with larger Bruch’s membrane openings (BMOs) (p≤0.01, beta:0.10~0.11).ConclusionsPeak RNFLT decreased by 0.34 µm for each increase of year in age (PeakST and PeakIT), by 3.2–3.5 µm for each 1 mm increase in axial length (all three peaks), and was 4.5 µm thinner in women than in men. The position of temporal peaks depended on gender, axial length and BMO diameter. These associations should be taken into count in OCT-based RNFLT assessment for disease finding, especially in glaucoma evaluation.
Inconsistent relationship between depth of sedation and intensive care outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aitken Leanne M , Kydonaki Kalliopi , Blackwood Bronagh , Trahair Laurence G , Purssell Edward , Sekhon Mandeep , Walsh Timothy S 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo determine the effect of depth of sedation on intensive care mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and other clinically important outcomes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO from 2000 to 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that examined the effect of sedation depth were included. Two reviewers independently screened, selected articles, extracted data and appraised quality. Data on study design, population, setting, patient characteristics, study interventions, depth of sedation and relevant outcomes were extracted. Quality was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools.ResultsWe included data from 26 studies (n=7865 patients): 8 RCTs and 18 cohort studies. Heterogeneity of studies was substantial. There was no significant effect of lighter sedation on intensive care mortality. Lighter sedation did not affect duration of mechanical ventilation in RCTs (mean difference (MD): −1.44 days (95% CI −3.79 to 0.91)) but did in cohort studies (MD: −1.52 days (95% CI −2.71 to −0.34)). No statistically significant benefit of lighter sedation was identified in RCTs. In cohort studies, lighter sedation improved time to extubation, intensive care and hospital length of stay and ventilator-associated pneumonia. We found no significant effects for hospital mortality, delirium or adverse events.ConclusionEvidence of benefit from lighter sedation is limited, with inconsistency between observational and randomised studies. Positive effects were mainly limited to low quality evidence from observational studies, which could be attributable to bias and confounding factors.