bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methane dynamics in three different Siberian water bodies under winter and summer conditions
Authors: Bussmann Ingeborg , Fedorova Irina , Juhls Bennet , Overduin Pier Paul , Winkel Matthias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Arctic regions and their water bodies are affected by a rapidly warming
climate. Arctic lakes and small ponds are known to act as an important
source of atmospheric methane. However, not much is known about other types of water bodies in permafrost
regions, which include major rivers and coastal bays as a transition type
between freshwater and marine environments. We monitored dissolved methane
concentrations in three different water bodies (Lena River, Tiksi Bay, and
Lake Golzovoye, Siberia, Russia) over a period of 2 years. Sampling was
carried out under ice cover (April) and in open water (July–August). The
methane oxidation (MOX) rate and the fractional turnover rate (k′)
in water and melted ice samples from the late winter of 2017 was determined with the radiotracer method. In the Lena River winter methane concentrations were a quarter of the summer concentrations (8 nmol L−1 vs. 31 nmol L−1), and mean winter MOX rate was low (0.023 nmol L−1 d−1). In contrast, Tiksi Bay winter methane concentrations were 10 times higher than in summer (103 nmol L−1 vs. 13 nmol L−1). Winter MOX rates showed a median of 0.305 nmol L−1 d−1. In Lake Golzovoye, median methane concentrations in winter were 40 times higher than in summer (1957 nmol L−1 vs. 49 nmol L−1). However, MOX was much
higher in the lake (2.95 nmol L−1 d−1) than in either the river or bay. The temperature had a strong influence on the MOX
(Q10=2.72±0.69). In summer water temperatures ranged from 7–14 ∘C and in winter from −0.7 to 1.3 ∘C. In the ice cores a median methane concentration of 9 nM was observed, with no gradient between the ice surface and the bottom layer at the ice–water interface. MOX in the (melted) ice cores was mostly below the detection limit. Comparing methane concentrations in the ice with the underlaying water column revealed methane concentration in the water column 100–1000 times higher. The winter situation seemed to favor a methane accumulation under ice,
especially in the lake with a stagnant water body. While on the other hand,
in the Lena River with its flowing water, no methane accumulation under ice
was observed. In a changing, warming Arctic, a shorter ice cover period is
predicted. With respect to our study this would imply a shortened time for
methane to accumulate below the ice and a shorter time for the less
efficient winter MOX. Especially for lakes, an extended time of ice-free
conditions could reduce the methane flux from the Arctic water bodies.
Pengaruh Persepsi Kemudahaan Penggunaan, Efektivitas, Risiko Terhadap Minat Dan Penggunaan Financial Technologi (Fintech) Dengan Minat Sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Setiawan Andi , Rofingatun Siti , Patma Kurniawan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of perception of ease of use, effectiveness of risk to interest, and use of Financial Technology (Fintech) with interest as a variable of mediation in Jayapura city. The study used primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires online. The data analysis method used is by Structure Equation Model (SEM) approach with WarpPLS 7.0. The sampling method used is purposive sampling technique. Purposive sampling is a sampling technique of data sources with certain considerations or criteria. The results of this study were seen from the P/sig values (0.230 >0.005). Thus the ease of use has a positive and insignificant effect on the use of financial technology (fintech) with an interest as mediation. Judging from its P/sig values (0.015 <0.005) thus the effectiveness has a positive and significant effect on the use of financial technology (fintech) with interest as mediation. Judging from its P/sig values (0.330 >0.005) thus the risk has a positive and insignificant effect on the use of financial technology (fintech) with interest as mediation. Keywords: financial technology; Interest; Perception Ease of use; Effectiveness; Risk Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti empiris pengaruh persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, efektivitas risiko terhadap kepentingan, dan penggunaan Teknologi Finansial (Fintech) dengan kepentingan sebagai variabel mediasi di kota Jayapura. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara online. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan Structure Equation Model (SEM) dengan WarpPLS 7.0. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling. Purposive sampling merupakan teknik pengambilan sampel sumber data dengan pertimbangan atau kriteria tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini dilihat dari nilai P / sig (0,230> 0,005). Dengan demikian kemudahan penggunaan berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap penggunaan financial technology (fintech) dengan kepentingan sebagai mediasi. Dilihat dari nilai P / signya (0,015 <0,005) maka efektifitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penggunaan financial technology (fintech) dengan kepentingan sebagai mediasi. Dilihat dari nilai P / signya (0,330> 0,005) maka risiko berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap penggunaan financial technology (fintech) dengan mediasi bunga. Kata kunci: financial technology, Bunga, Persepsi Kemudahan Penggunaan, Efektivitas, Risiko
La fundamental homogeneidad de las teorías monetarias de Georg Simmel y Ludwig von Mises
Authors: Crespo Óscar Vara Crespo 
Published: March 2021

This article examines the points of convergente between the theo-ries of money propounded by Ludwig von Mises and Georg Simmel. Con-sideration is given to agreement in the methodological approach, in the Kantian nature of the analyses, and in the main conclusions regarding the role of money as a social institution.
Palabras clave: filosofía del dinero, teoría del crédito, proceso de merca-do, acción humana.
Códigos JEL: B13, B19, B53
Resumen. Este artículo analiza los puntos de confluencia entre las teoría del dinero de Ludwig von Mises y Georg Simmel, tanto en su enfoque me-todológico, como en el carácter kantiano del análisis y en sus principales conclusiones sobre el papel del dinero como institución social.
A Welcome Message from The Editor
Authors: Khalid Ms. Sidra 
Published: March 2021

It is with profound pleasure that I write this editorial to welcome you to the new journal, “PakistanBiomedical Journal” (PBMJ), an interdisciplinary international journal. PBMJ has successfully completedits first volume and now its the second volume. We greatly appreciate the response of scientists who havecontributed previously and are still contributing to this new journal. The subject of the journal isinteresting and we try to address the health related concerns of public and improve the understanding ofscientific phenomenons by researchers.Research discoveries are happening at a fast pace, in all the fields and PBMJ provides an idealforum for exchange of scientific knowledge in terms of full length papers, surveys, reviews, case studies,letters to editor and systematic analysis. PBMJ is committed to publishing all manuscripts receiving a highrecommendation from reviewers.The intention of PBMJ is to create space for generation of new knowledge, debate, collaborationsamong national and international scientists. Our vision is to promote research that will be helpful forknowledge sharing, new discoveries, development of critical thinking among the upcoming scholars,guidance for policy makers, awareness among the concerned community and ultimately benefitting thegeneral population in improving health and fitness at large.It is a matter of pride for us to have excellent editorial board members from renowned institutes.We aim to have the best standards of quality of the published manuscripts. With every issue, we arecontinuously trying to improve the standards. We look forward for more exciting researches and scientificstudies from all over the world.I would like to extend a very warm welcome to the readers of PBMJ and hope you will join us asauthors, reviewers and editors in future.
Ms. Sidra KhalidEditorPakistan BioMedical Journal
Cutting to the Punch: Graphic Stunt Comedy and the Emergence of Crisis Slapstick
Authors: Moss Joshua Louis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Slapstick is a mode of comedic performance whose definition has not changed much since the nineteenth century. Slaps, hits, kicks, punches, pratfalls, and other types of stage and screen violence appear to be violent and harmful. But these acts are eventually revealed and resolved to be simulative and harmless. The slapstick performer emerges, unscathed, as a required prerequisite for comedic catharsis to take place. However, the past three decades have seen a graphic, transgressive form of comedic violence emerge that challenges this understanding. Assaultive acts of self-harm performed by shock-comic performers such as Ralph “Cap'n Video” Zavadil, Tom Green, and Johnny Knoxville's Jackass crew deploy violence to transgress established screen boundaries and disrupt the norms of performance style. This subversive form of humor, which this article refers to as “crisis slapstick,” produces graphic violence as comedic shocks that break from traditional slapstick. Physical injuries, presented as comedic absurdity, critique rather than uphold the embedded presumptions of safe screen space and industrial professionalism established over decades of classic slapstick performance.
Viral Jokes and Fugitive Humor in the Nineteenth-Century Culture of Reprinting
Authors: Thompson Todd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Too few humor scholars have taken advantage of new resources and research methodologies for studying humor as it circulated in newspapers and magazines in the nineteenth-century US. This article argues that tracing reprints of comic material in periodicals unearths popular nineteenth-century US humor. Such recovery is important because the jokes that readers and editors read and recycled reveal both their fascinations and fears. Additionally, subsequent reprints reshape meaning to fit a different moment for a different audience. To exemplify this approach, this article performs readings of one viral joke that was reprinted over a hundred times in American periodicals between 1856 and 1877. It identifies publication clusters and trends, notes how the joke morphed over time, and considers its shifting meanings as it appeared in different publication outlets and contexts at different times alongside different news items.
Metabolic Syndrome as the First Stage of Eldership; the Beginning of Real Aging
Authors: V. Panov Alexander , A. Darenskaya Marina , I. Dikalov Sergey , I. Kolesnikov Sergey 
Published: March 2021

The history of active worldwide scientific research on mechanisms of aging and the age-associated diseases counts more than five decades. Of these, among the numerous theories of aging, at least 50 years dominated the free radical theory of aging. Since mitochondria were found to be the major producers of free radicals, the research on aging became largely centered on mitochondria. At the end of 80s of the 20th century, physicians have established a new nosological entity named “Metabolic syndrome” comprising several simultaneously existing symptoms and risk factors, which increase with age to 47% in men and 64% for women. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) requires simultaneous presence of at least three out of five medical conditions: visceral obesity, hypertension, high blood sugar, insulin resistance, low serum high-density lipoprotein accompanied with high serum triglycerides. However, from the beginning of the definition of MetS there was, and still is, a rather lovely debate, which of the symptoms must be considered as the main one. In spite of the enormous number of publications on both mechanisms of aging and MetS, there was relatively small progress in understanding the fundamental processes in these closely related problems. On the contrary, the mitochondrial free radical theory was found to be wrong in its current paradigms. In this Chapter we will discuss recent discoveries and hypotheses which open new perspectives in both theoretical and practical approaches to the problems of aging and MetS. We will show how aging and development of MetS are closely related to each other and the normal ontogenesis of human beings. Why men and women have different rates of aging and mechanisms of transition to MetS. We state that MetS is not just a cluster of symptoms, but one of the last steps of individual ontogenesis, namely the first step of eldership when the aging rate may increase manifold.
Animal Pain Models for Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: M. Williams Joseph , A. Kelley Courtney , Vallejo Ricardo , C. Platt David , L. Cedeño David 
Published: March 2021

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an electrical neuromodulation technique with proven effectiveness and safety for the treatment of intractable chronic pain in humans. Despite its widespread use, the mechanism of action is not fully understood. Animal models of chronic pain, particularly rodent-based, have been adapted to study the effect of SCS on pain-like behavior, as well as on the electrophysiology and molecular biology of neural tissues. This chapter reviews animal pain models for SCS, emphasizing on findings relevant to advancing our understanding of the mechanism of action of SCS, and highlighting the contribution of the animal model to advance clinical outcomes. The models described include those in which SCS has been coupled to neuropathic pain models in rats and sheep based on peripheral nerve injuries, including the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model and the spared nerve injury model (SNI). Other neuropathic pain models described are the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) for neuropathic pain of segmental origin, as well as the chemotherapy-induced and diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy models. We also describe the use of SCS with inflammatory pain and ischemic pain models.
Production of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate [Bmim][Ac] Using 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride [Bmim]Cl and Silver Acetate: A Kinetic Study
Authors: I. Abu-Eishah Samir , A.A. Elsuccary Saber , H. Al-Attar Thikrayat , A. Khanji Asia , P. Butt Hifsa , M. Mohamed Nourah 
Published: March 2021

Since most of the literature alternatives used to produce the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Bmim][Ac] are very slow and require different solvents, we have used in this work a new process to produce the [Bmim][Ac] by the reaction of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim]Cl with silver acetate (AgAc) where silver chloride (AgCl) precipitates as a by-product. The genuine experimental work and kinetic analyses presented here indicate that the reaction rate constant k = 7.67x1012 e(−79.285/RT). That is, the Arrhenius constant ko = 7.67x1012 L/mol.s and the activation energy Ea = 79.285 kJ/mol. The very high value of the Arrhenius constant indicates that the reaction of [Bmim]Cl with silver acetate to produce [Bmim][Ac] and silver chloride is extremely fast.
Corporate Governance Ideology, Human Resource Practices and Senior Staff Salaries
Authors: Black Nicholas , Stokes Peter 
Published: March 2021

This chapter examines the link between corporate governance ideology and HR (human resource) practices involved in the important and ongoing issue of senior staff salaries. In the spirit of financialization and hyper-individuals, the mainstream corporate governance ideology promotes beliefs about competitive pay and managerial power. These beliefs shape the design and implementation of HR practices by legitimizing the ‘common-sense’ assumption that senior staff members should, primarily, be rewarded for meeting corporate goals. However, our discussion critiques the use of this corporate governance ideology for encouraging myopia and silence amongst remuneration committee members in response to growing inequality. This is exemplified by an inductive analysis of remuneration committee minutes taken from British universities (n = 67). Interestingly, this example also highlighted a marginalized belief about sacrificial leadership that countered this growth under alternative ideology in the spirit of altruism. The chapter recommends the radical proposal that remuneration committees should expand their remit beyond only considering senior staff salaries and promote HR practices that will embed altruism and equality.
Isotopic age and paleogeodynamic position of ultrapotassic magmatism of Central Chukotka
Authors: Efremov S. V. , Travin A. V. 
Published: March 2021

The 40Ar/39Ar dating of ultrapotassic rocks from Central Chukotka shows that these rocks are Early Cretaceous, and yields a narrow range of age variations (109 to 107 Ma), which correlates fairly well with the range of age variations of granitoids typical of the study area (117–105 Ma). There are thus grounds to suggest that the ultrapotassic magmas and granitoids resulted from the same geological process that can be identified from the material characteristics of the ultrapotassic magmas.In the modern concepts of the regional geological development, the formation of the granitoid and ultrapotassic magmas can be related to the continental lithosphere extension due to the collision of Eurasian plate and the Chukotka – Arctic Alaska continental block.Using modern genetic models based on the interpretations of the material characteristics of ultrapotassic magmas, it is possible to limit the number of genetic hypotheses and to relate the continental lithosphere extension to the processes that took place in the upper mantle of the study area.
Papiliograptus retimarginatus n. sp., a new retiolitid (Graptolithina) from the praedeubeli/deubeli Biozone (upper Homerian, Wenlock, Silurian), the recovery phase after the lundgreni Extinction Event
Authors: KOZŁOWSKA Anna , BATES Denis 
Published: March 2021

Papiliograptus retimarginatus n. sp. is reported from the praedeubeli/deubeli Biozone, upper Homerian (Silurian) of the Bartoszyce IG-1 drill core of Poland, Baltica. It is the second species of the genus Papiliograptus Lenz & Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 2002, belonging to the new retiolitid fauna of the recovery period after the lundgreni Extinction Event. Two characteristic features of the new retiolitid fauna are the development of a geniculum and singular or paired genicular structures. The new form has extremely wide, singular, reticulated genicular processes. It is suggested that these structures may have been an adaptation to prevent the planktonic colony from sinking in the water column.
Taxonomic revision of the Campoplex difformis group (Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae), with particular reference to species of economic importance
Authors: Di Giovanni Filippo , Scaramozzino Pier Luigi , Loni Augusto , Lucchi Andrea 
Published: March 2021

Despite their importance as potential biological control agents, species of the campoplegine genus Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829 are hard to identify. Previous works provided short descriptions or poor illustrations of crucial characters, meaning it is often impossible to distinguish closely related species. We provide illustrations to identify species of the Campoplex difformis group and redescriptions of and illustrations for C. difformis (Gmelin, 1790), C. capitator Aubert, 1960, C. dubitator Horstmann, 1985, C. formosanae Horstmann, 2012, and C. unicingulatus (Schmiedeknecht, 1909). In addition, the taxonomic status of C. difformis is clarified; a lectotype is designated for C. capitator in Aubert’s collection in Lausanne and the host record for this species on Ancylis mitterbacheriana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) is queried; Campoplex corsicator Aubert, 1960 stat. nov. is removed from synonymy with Campoplex tibialis (Szépligeti, 1916) and redescribed.
Principle of Conservation of the Administrative Act and Revocation of Public Procurement in a City in Perú
Authors: Merino Henry Díaz , Salazar Teresita Merino , Palacios Lilette Villavicencio , Alva Cecilia Mendoza , Avila Nancy Carruitero , Gastañaduy Carola Calvo , Rivas Danny Villegas 
Published: March 2021

Aims: The preservation of the act as a principle must be verified objectively through a review of the errors considered non-transcendental. The objective of this research is to determine the perception of officials on the application of the Principle of conservation of the administrative act and the ex officio nullity of the contracts entered into by the La Libertad Regional Government.
Methodology: An approach quantitative, descriptive, explanatory was applied. The techniques applied were the interview, observation, documentary analysis and test on a sample of 60 workers linked to the functions of the public contracting process.
Results: The results showed an irregular application of the principle of conservation of the administrative act and a resolution of procurements on a regular basis. The perception of the La Libertad Regional Government officials was negative, because not all the valid elements were found to preserve an administrative act.
Conclusion: Deficiency was observed in the principle of the presumption of veracity, validity of the requirements to preserve the administrative act, non-existence of the judicial object and content, deficiency in the fulfillment of those prevented by law, deficiency in the fulfillment of the impediments provided for in the Law Contracting and violation of the regulations that.
Field Assessment of Some Agronomic Traits of Four Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties from the Germplasm of Gimbi Research Station
Authors: Kalonji-Mbangila A. , Minga-Kwete S. , Mpiana-Tshimanga V. , Mukendi-Kamambo R. , Nkonika-Kabamba I. , Ngongo-Kapenga J. , Bantondisa-Kokamakanda D. , Kalonji-Kabemba N. , Ngombo-Nzokwani A. , Muengula-Manyi M. , Kalonji-Mbuyi A. 
Published: March 2021

Aim: To evaluate under agro-environmental conditions of Gimbi research station, some agronomic traits of four groundnut varieties from germplasm of PNL.
Study Design: This study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four treatments repeated three times.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Gimbi research station between October 2019 and January 2020 (i.e. 4 months).
Methodology: Trial was conducted using four treatments with three replications. Data collected concerned percentage of seedlings emerged, number of days between sowing and flowering 50%, dry pod weight, weight of unsorted seed, weight of sorted seeds, percentage of good seeds, shelling percentage, average weight of 1,000 seeds and grain yield per hectare. All data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% probability level.
Results: The rate of seedlings emerged recorded on each groundnut variety was overall less than 50%. All varieties flowered 32 days after sowing. The highest average weight of dry pods (410.8g) was noted on A1408, while the lowest value of dry pod weight (310.6g) was observed on JL24. The highest weight of unsorted seeds (360.9g) was recorded on A1408, while the lowest value (260.7g) was observed on JL24. Variety A1408 presented the highest weight of stored seeds (350.5g), while the lowest value (250.8g) was noted on variety JL24. The highest percentage of good seeds (97.3) was obtained on A1408, while variety Sivi presented the lowest percentage of good seeds (93.2). The highest shelling percentage of groundnut pods (87.6) was obtained on A1408, while the lowest shelling percentage (83.5) was noted on JL24. The lowest weight of 1,000 seeds was noted on Sivi variety (484.6g), and the highest value was recorded on A1408 (522.6g). The highest grain yield (912.9Kg.ha-1) was obtained on variety A1408, while the lowest grain yield was noted on JL24 (690Kg.ha-1).
Conclusion: Seeds of all varieties presented a very low rate of emergence (less than 50%). Variety A1408 was more productive than other varieties, and variety JL24 used as control should be regarded as having degenerated.