bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde urethrography, sonouretrography and magnetic resonance urethrography in evaluation of male urethral strictures. Should the novel methods become the new standard in radiological diagnosis of urethral stricture disease?
Authors: Mikolaj Frankiewicz , Karolina Markiet , Oliwia Kozak , Jakub Krukowski , Adam Kałużny , Mariusz Belka , Patrycja Naumczyk , Marcin Matuszewski 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To verify which of the diagnostic modalities: Voiding cystouretrography (VCUG), Sonouretrography (SUG) or Magnetic resonance uretrography (MRU) is the most accurate in the assessment of urethral strictures in males and in what cases the application of novel imaging techniques benefits most.

Methods
55 male patients with a diagnosis of urethral stricture, were enrolled in this prospective study. Initial diagnosis of urethral stricture was based on anamnesis, uroflowmetry and VCUG. Additional imaging procedures—SUG and MRU were performed before the surgery. Virtual models and 3D printed models of the urethra with the stricture were created based on the MRU data. Exact stricture length and location were evaluated by each radiological method and accuracy was verified intraoperatively. Agreement between SUG and MRU assessments of spongiofibrosis was evaluated. MRU images were independently interpreted by two radiologists (MRU 1, MRU 2) and rater reliability was calculated.

Results
MRU was the most accurate [(95% CI 0.786–0.882), p < 0.0005] with an average overestimation of 1.145 mm (MRU 1) and 0.727 mm (MRU 2) as compared with the operative measure. VCUG was less accurate [(95% CI 0.536–0.769), p < 0.0005] with an average underestimation of 1.509 mm as compared with operative measure. SUG was the least accurate method [(95% CI 0.510–0.776), p < 0.0005] with an average overestimation of 2.127 mm as compared with the operative measure. There was almost perfect agreement of MRU interpretations between the radiologists.

Conclusions
VCUG is still considered as a ‘gold standard’ in diagnosing urethral stricture disease despite its limitations. SUG and MRU provide extra guidance in preoperative planning and should be considered as supplemental for diagnosing urethral stricture. Combination of VCUG and SUG may be an optimal set of radiological tools for diagnosing patients with urethral strictures located in the penile urethra. MRU is the most accurate method and should particularly be considered in cases of post-traumatic or multiple strictures and strictures located in the posterior urethra.
A fresh outlook on the smooth-spored species of Inocybe: type studies and 18 new species
Authors: Bandini Ditte , Oertel Bernd , Eberhardt Ursula 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOn the basis of detailed morphological and molecular investigation, eighteen new species of Inocybe (I. alberichiana, I. beatifica, I. bellidiana, I. clandestina, I. drenthensis, I. dryadiana, I. gaiana, I. ghibliana, I. grusiana, I. knautiana, I. lampetiana, I. oetziana, I. orionis, I. plurabellae, I. rivierana, I. scolopacis, I. sitibunda and I. tiburtina) are described. All of them are smooth-spored, and most of them are pruinose only in the apical part of the stipe. The new species are compared to 40 type specimens, all of which are described here and for several of which (partial) ITS sequences have been generated. For eight species, epi-, lecto- or neotypes were selected, among these are I. geophylla, I. glabripes and I. tigrina. Based on these studies, we suggest twelve synonymies, i.e. that I. clarkii is synonymous with I. sindonia, I. conformata with I. cincinnata, I. elegans with I. griseolilacina, I. fuscidula with I. glabripes, I. griseotarda with I. psammobrunnea, I. obscurella with I. obscuroides, I. obscuromellea with I. semifulva, I. patibilis and I. tigrinella with I. tigrina, I. petroselinolens with I. tenuicystidiata and I. rubidofracta with I. pseudorubens and I. subporospora is synonymized with I. tjallingiorum. All of the new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses. Among the previously described species accepted here, sixteen are represented by types in the phylogenetic analyses and ten by own collections morphologically corresponding to the type. In summary, we here verify or provide morphological concepts associated with molecular data for 44 smooth-spored species of Inocybe.
Studies in the Basidiodendron caesiocinereum complex (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Spirin Viacheslav , Malysheva Vera , Schoutteten Nathan , Viner Ilya , Miettinen Otto , Nordén Jenni , Ryvarden Leif , Kotiranta Heikki , Verbeken Annemieke , Weiß Michael , Larsson Karl-Henrik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTaxonomy of Basidiodendron caesiocinereum complex is revised based on morphological and molecular methods (with the use of nc LSU rDNA, ITS and TEF1 regions). The basidiospore ornamentation is justified as a key morphological character for the species recognition in the group. As redefined here, B. caesiocinereum is an angiosperm-dwelling species with smooth basidiospores. Bourdotia cinerella and B. cinerella var. trachyspora are proved to represent separate species with warted basidiospores; they are reintroduced as Basidiodendron cinerellum and B. trachysporum. Additionally, eight new species related to B. caesiocinereum are described based on material from Eurasia, North America and Africa, and identity of B. spinosum from Oceania is discussed.
Vygotsky’s Legacy: Understanding and Beyond
Authors: van der Veer René 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe article sketches the history of the study of Vygotsky’s legacy in the Soviet Union and the West and then switches to a brief discussion of the origin of the book Understanding Vygotsky published 30 years ago. Several features and shortcomings of the book are discussed and it is shown that recent publications partly fill the gaps in our knowledge. This is illustrated by a succinct discussion of the contributions to the special issue which show that Vygotsky’s legacy continues to inspire the modern researcher.
Arginase-1 Released into CSF After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Decreases Arginine/Ornithine Ratio: a Novel Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Zimmermann Julian , Weller Johannes , Grub Sven , Kebir Sied , Lehmann Felix , Vatter Hartmut , Schuss Patrick , Güresir Erdem , Müller Marcus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe hypothesized that the enzyme arginase-1 is released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during red blood cell lysis and contributes to dysregulated metabolism of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine during aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This prospective case–control study included 43 patients with aneurysmal SAH and ventricular drainage for clinical reasons. Longitudinal CSF samples (99) were obtained in the course of SAH. Patients were dichotomized regarding the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm syndrome (CVS) (N = 19). Arginase-1 and the amino acids L-arginine and L-ornithine were quantified in CSF. Outcome assessments included delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and functional status after 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Arginase-1 was released into the CSF of SAH patients whereas this enzyme was undetectable in controls. Compared to patients without CVS, arginase-1 levels were higher in CVS patients until day 14 after clinical event. The well-known surrogate parameter for arginase acitivity, the L-arginine to L-ornithine ratio (Arg/Orn), correlated with CSF arginase-1 levels. Arg/Orn was reduced in patients with CVS from disease onset (days 1–3, p = 0.0009) until day 14. Logistic regression analysis of early Arg/Orn was predictive for CVS (p = 0.008) and DCI (p = 0.035), independent of age, Hunt and Hess grade, and intraventricular blood. Arg/Orn < 2.71 at disease onset predicted CVS with a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 72.2%. Arg/Orn ≥ 2.71 predicted excellent functional outcome. We propose a novel mechanism contributing to NO deprivation during SAH: arginase-1 is released from erythrocytes into the CSF, leading to L-arginine consumption and reduced NO bioavailability. Furthermore, Arg/Orn is a robust predictor for occurrence of CVS, DCI, and functional outcome 3 months after aneurysmal SAH. Our data provide a novel prognostic biomarker and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies in SAH. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.drks.de. Unique identifier: DRKS00015293, date of registration: 13.09.2018.
All-SiC Fiber-Optic Sensor Based on Direct Wafer Bonding for High Temperature Pressure Sensing
Authors: Liang Ting , Li Wangwang , Lei Cheng , Li Yongwei , Li Zhiqiang , Xiong Jijun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an all-SiC fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (FP) pressure sensor based on the hydrophilic direct bonding technology for the applications in the harsh environment. The operating principle, fabrication, interface characteristics, and pressure response test of the proposed all-SiC pressure sensor are discussed. The FP cavity is formed by hermetically direct bonding of two-layer SiC wafers, including a thinned SiC diaphragm and a SiC wafer with an etched cavity. White light interference is used for the detection and demodulation of the sensor pressure signals. Experimental results demonstrate the sensing capabilities for the pressure range up to 800 kPa. The all-SiC structure without any intermediate layer can avoid the sensor failure caused by the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and therefore has a great potential for pressure measurement in high temperature environments.
Decarbonising Industry via BECCS: Promising Sectors, Challenges, and Techno-economic Limits of Negative Emissions
Authors: Tanzer S. E. , Blok K. , Ramírez A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This paper reviews recent literature on the combined use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in the industries of steel, cement, paper, ethanol, and chemicals, focusing on estimates of potential costs and the possibility of achieving “negative emissions”.

Recent Findings
Bioethanol is seen as a potential near-term source of negative emissions, with CO2 transport as the main cost limitation. The paper industry is a current source of biogenic CO2, but complex CO2 capture configurations raise costs and limit BECCS potential. Remuneration for stored biogenic CO2 is needed to incentivise BECCS in these sectors. BECCS could also be used for carbon–neutral production of steel, cement, and chemicals, but these will likely require substantial incentives to become cost-competitive. While negative emissions may be possible from all industries considered, the overall CO2 balance is highly sensitive to biomass supply chains. Furthermore, the resource intensity of biomass cultivation and energy production for CO2 capture risks burden-shifting to other environmental impacts.

Summary
Research on BECCS-in-industry is limited but growing, and estimates of costs and environmental impacts vary widely. While negative emissions are possible, transparent presentation of assumptions, system boundaries, and results is needed to increase comparability. In particular, the mixing of avoided emissions and physical storage of atmospheric CO2 creates confusion of whether physical negative emissions occur. More attention is needed to the geographic context of BECCS-in-industry outside of Europe, the USA, and Brazil, taking into account local biomass supply chains and CO2 storage siting, and minimise burden-shifting.
Simulink-based simulation platform design and faults impact analysis of attitude control systems
Authors: Song H. , Hu S.L. , Chen W.Z. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe satellite attitude control system (SACS) is a complicated system. In order to reflect the relationship among different components in SACS and analyse the impact of component faults on system performance, a complete simulation platform of the SACS based on Simulink is built in this paper. With the embedding of the specific reaction flywheel, gyroscope and earth sensor model, and the design of the controller based on the quaternion feedback, the simulation platform can not only simulate the real SACS at the component level, but it can also realise the injection of component faults for analysing the system performance. Simulations are conducted to verify the performance of the simulation platform. Simulation results show that this simulation platform has the ability to accurately reflect the control performance of the SACS, and the output accuracy of the component model is high. The research results reveal that this simulation platform can provide model support for verifying the algorithm of fault diagnosis, prediction and tolerant control of the SACS. This simulation platform is easy to use and can be expanded and improved.
DHA/EPA supplementation decreases anxiety-like behaviour, but it does not ameliorate metabolic profile in obese male rats
Authors: Neto João , Jantsch Jeferson , de Oliveira Simone , Braga Matheus Filipe , Castro Luís Felipe dos Santos , Diniz Bruna Ferrary , Moreira José Claudio Fonseca , Giovenardi Marcia , Porawski Marilene , Guedes Renata Padilha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObesity is a major public health problem that predisposes to several diseases and higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. Obesity also generates neuroinflammation, which predisposes to the development of neuropsychiatric diseases. Since there is a lack of effective treatments for obesity, the search for new strategies to reverse its consequences is urgent. In this perspective, the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA/EPA might reduce the harmful effects of obesity. Here, we used the cafeteria diet (CAF) model to induce obesity in Wistar rats. Animals received ultra-processed food for 20 weeks, and DHA/EPA supplementation (500 mg/kg per d) was performed between the 16th and the 20th week. At the end of the experiment, it was evaluated: body weight, visceral fat deposition, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and it was also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma and liver, and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex. The elevated plus maze test was performed to analyse anxiety-like behaviour. Our results demonstrated that DHA/EPA could not reverse weight and fat gain and did not modify plasma dosages. However, there was a decrease in IL-6 in the liver (DHA/EPA effect: P = 0.023) and TNF-α in the brain (CAF compared with CAF + DHA/EPA, P < 0.05). Also, there was a decrease in the anxiety index in CAF + DHA/EPA compared with the CAF group (P < 0.01). Thus, DHA/EPA supplementation is helpful to reverse the consequences of obesity in the brain.
Climate Signatures on Lake And Wetland Size Distributions in Arctic Deltas
Authors: Vulis Lawrence , Tejedor Alejandro , Zaliapin Ilya , Rowland Joel C. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how thermokarst lakes on arctic river deltas will respond to rapid warming is critical for projecting how carbon storage and fluxes will change in those vulnerable environments. Yet, this understanding is currently limited partly due to the complexity of disentangling significant interannual variability from the longer‐term surface water signatures on the landscape, using the short summertime window of optical spaceborne observations. Here, we rigorously separate perennial lakes from ephemeral wetlands on 12 arctic deltas and report distinct size distributions and climate trends for the two waterbodies. Namely, we find a lognormal distribution for lakes and a power‐law distribution for wetlands, consistent with a simple proportionate growth model and inundated topography, respectively. Furthermore, while no trend with temperature is found for wetlands, a statistically significant decreasing trend of mean lake size with warmer temperatures is found, attributed to colder deltas having deeper and thicker permafrost preserving larger lakes.
European Carbon Uptake has Not Benefited From Vegetation Greening
Authors: Liu Xuebang , He Bin , Guo Lanlan , Huang Ling , Yuan Wenping , Chen Xiuzhi , Hao Xingming , Xie Xiaoming , Zhang Yafeng , Zhong Ziqian , Li Tiewei , Chen Aifang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSubstantial evidences indicate a widespread increase in European vegetation greenness since the 1980s due to CO2 fertilization effects (eCO2) and climate warming, but the impact of this process on the regional terrestrial carbon cycle has not been systematically evaluated. Using empirical models based on eddy covariance and process‐based models, we found that the widespread greening did not contribute to an increase in European carbon uptake (decrease in net ecosystem exchange) with a non‐significant trend from 2000 to 2018. The greening‐associated increase in gross primary productivity (GPP) is offset by the simultaneous increase in ecosystem respiration (TER). Moreover, frequent heatwaves cause stronger reductions in GPP than TER, preventing the increase of carbon uptake. These results reveal the double‐edged sword effect of warming on European ecosystems and will help constrain regional models.
Ensemble of Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Simulations Near the Aggregated and Scattered Boundary
Authors: Hung Ching‐Shu , Miura Hiroaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn ensemble of 10 radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) simulations near the sharp transition zone between scattered and aggregated states are examined in a square‐domain cloud‐resolving model. Surprisingly, the occurrence of self‐aggregation is not deterministic near the boundary line of the two states, with six runs reaching aggregated states and four runs returning to scattered states. Spatial autocorrelation length analysis reveals that the development of moisture contrast in the boundary layer (BL) is the key indicator for self‐aggregation. To reach aggregated RCE states, a part of the BL needs to be dry and extensive sufficiently to suppress convection triggered by collisions of intruding cold pools. Furthermore, the relation between moisture aggregation and convective organization is elucidated. In a shorter time‐scale, convective organization is governed by cold pool dynamics. Meanwhile, large‐scale moisture determines the region of active convection for time‐scale longer than 2 days.
A Secular Shift of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Its Relation to Western Pacific Ocean Warming
Authors: Huang Yu , Fu Zuntao , Franzke Christian L. E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the context of global warming, understanding changes in the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is of great importance, because of its worldwide impact on surface weather and climate. By analyzing the temporal evolution of the phase relationship between Kelvin waves and the MJO, we find a secular phase shift of the MJO after year 2000, at which the MJO exhibits an eastward extension over the Maritime Continent and the Western Pacific Ocean. Further, we examine the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) variations on the anomalous convection and Kelvin waves, and demonstrate that the recent warming trend of the Western Pacific SST is a factor causing the changes of the MJO over this region. The results deepen our understanding of recent modeling and observational studies about the changes of the MJO and confirm the enhanced activity of the MJO over the past few decades.
Geodetic Datum Realization Using SLR‐GNSS Co‐Location Onboard Galileo and GLONASS
Authors: Bury G. , Sośnica K. , Zajdel R. , Strugarek D. , Hugentobler U. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModern satellites of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are equipped with laser retroreflector arrays for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). Laser range observations to GNSS satellites allow for the co‐location of two space geodetic techniques onboard navigation satellites. We search for the best network constraining strategy for the SLR and GNSS stations to realize the geodetic datum using combined microwave‐GNSS and SLR‐to‐GNSS measurements. We find that consistent imposing of no‐net‐translation and no‐net‐rotation for the unified GNSS and SLR network provides the best quality of station coordinates and the best common realization of the terrestrial reference frame (TRF). We employ the space ties using solely space geodetic techniques for the SLR and GNSS station coordinates and confront them with the ground‐based measurements, that is, local ties, conducted at the SLR‐GNSS co‐located sites. The common processing of the GNSS and SLR observations allows for the realization of the TRF using space ties that are independent of the a priori coordinates and independent of the errors in local tie measurements. The agreement of space ties with ground measurements is at the level of 1 mm in terms of long‐term mean values for the co‐located station in Zimmerwald, Switzerland. We also revise the approach for handling the SLR range biases which now considers the impact of the SLR observations to GNSS and LAGEOS satellites. The updated SLR range biases improve the agreement between space ties and local ties from 4.4 to 2.4 mm for the co‐located station in Wettzell, Germany.
The acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in COVID-19
Authors: Kornhuber Johannes , Hoertel Nicolas , Gulbins Erich 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcid sphingomyelinase (ASM) cleaves sphingomyelin into the highly lipophilic ceramide, which forms large gel-like rafts/platforms in the plasma membrane. We showed that SARS-CoV-2 uses these platforms for cell entry. Lowering the amount of ceramide or ceramide blockade due to inhibitors of ASM, genetic downregulation of ASM, anti-ceramide antibodies or degradation by neutral ceramidase protected against infection with SARS-CoV-2. The addition of ceramide restored infection with SARS-CoV-2. Many clinically approved medications functionally inhibit ASM and are called FIASMAs (functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase). The FIASMA fluvoxamine showed beneficial effects on COVID-19 in a randomized prospective study and a prospective open-label real-world study. Retrospective and observational studies showed favorable effects of FIASMA antidepressants including fluoxetine, and the FIASMA hydroxyzine on the course of COVID-19. The ASM/ceramide system provides a framework for a better understanding of the infection of cells by SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects of functional inhibitors of ASM. This framework also supports the development of new drugs or the repurposing of “old” drugs against COVID-19.
Phosphatase PHLPP2 regulates the cellular response to metabolic stress through AMPK
Authors: Yan Yan , Krecke Karl N. , Bapat Aditi S. , Yang Tingyuan , Lopresti Michael W. , Mashek Douglas G. , Kelekar Ameeta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPHLPP2 is a member of the PHLPP family of phosphatases, known to suppress cell growth by inhibiting proliferation or promoting apoptosis. Oncogenic kinases Akt, S6K, and PKC, and pro-apoptotic kinase Mst1, have been recognized as functional targets of the PHLPP family. However, we observed that, in T-leukemia cells subjected to metabolic stress from glucose limitation, PHLPP2 specifically targets the energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase, pAMPK, rather than Akt or S6K. PHLPP2 dephosphorylates pAMPK in several other human cancer cells as well. PHLPP2 and pAMPK interact with each other, and the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain on PHLPP2 is required for their interaction, for dephosphorylating and inactivating AMPK, and for the apoptotic response of the leukemia cells to glucose limitation. Silencing PHLPP2 protein expression prolongs the survival of leukemia cells subjected to severe glucose limitation by promoting a switch to AMPK-mediated fatty acid oxidation for energy generation. Thus, this study reveals a novel role for PHLPP2 in suppressing a survival response mediated through AMPK signaling. Given the multiple ways in which PHLPP phosphatases act to oppose survival signaling in cancers and the pivotal role played by AMPK in redox homeostasis via glucose and fatty acid metabolism, the revelation that AMPK is a target of PHLPP2 could lead to better therapeutics directed both at cancer and at metabolic diseases.