bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Temperature‐Responsive Polymers Containing Piperidine Carboxamide and N,N‐diethylcarbamoly Piperidine Moiety via RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Akiyama Yoshikatsu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, poly(N‐acryloyl‐nipecotamide) (PNANAm), poly(N‐acryloyl‐isonipecotamide) (PNAiNAm), and poly(N‐acryloyl‐N,N‐diethylnipecotamide) (PNADNAm) are synthesized as novel temperature‐responsive polymers using reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization. Aqueous solutions of these three polymers are examined via temperature‐dependent optical transmittance measurements. The PNANAm sample with a hydrophilic terminal group shows an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) when its molecular weight (Mn) is 7600 or higher, whereas PNANAm (Mn < 7600) is soluble. The UCST is influenced by molecular weight and the polymer concentration. In contrast, PNANAm sample with nonionic terminal group shows UCST, when Mn is below 7600, suggesting that the terminal nonionic group possibly increases UCST of PNANAm. The urea addition experiment suggests that the driving force for expression of UCST of PNANAm is the formation of inter‐and intramolecular hydrogen bonds among the polymer chains. PNAiNAm is soluble in PBS but exhibits an UCST in an appropriate concentration of ammonium sulfate. In contrast, PNADNAm exhibits a lower critical solution temperature. Comparing the chemical structure of these polymers and their phase transition behaviors suggests that the carboxamide group position in the piperidine ring could determine the UCST expression. These results could help design temperature‐responsive polymers with a desired the cloud point temperature.
Statistical and Block Copolymers of Ethylene and Vinyl Acetate via Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Wolpers Arne , Baffie Florian , Monteil Vincent , D'Agosto Franck 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent (CTA) based on Z‐group substituted with a diphenyl amine (–NPh2) moiety is selected for the synthesis of statistical and diblock copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Benefiting from the good chain growth control of polyethylene (PE), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) achieved with this CTA, linear diblock copolymers of the type EVA‐b‐PE, EVA‐b‐EVA, and PVAc‐b‐EVA are successfully synthesized. A three‐arm EVA star is additionally obtained starting from a trifunctional dithiocarbamate CTA.
Eight key rules for successful data‐dependent acquisition in mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics
Authors: Defossez Emmanuel , Bourquin Julien , von Reuss Stephan , Rasmann Sergio , Glauser Gaétan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, metabolomics has emerged as a pivotal approach for the holistic analysis of metabolites in biological systems. The rapid progress in analytical equipment, coupled to the rise of powerful data processing tools, now provides unprecedented opportunities to deepen our understanding of the relationships between biochemical processes and physiological or phenotypic conditions in living organisms. However, to obtain unbiased data coverage of hundreds or thousands of metabolites remains a challenging task. Among the panel of available analytical methods, targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry approaches are among the most commonly used. While targeted metabolomics usually relies on multiple‐reaction monitoring acquisition, untargeted metabolomics use either data‐independent acquisition (DIA) or data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) methods. Unlike DIA, DDA offers the possibility to get real, selective MS/MS spectra and thus to improve metabolite assignment when performing untargeted metabolomics. Yet, DDA settings are more complex to establish than DIA settings, and as a result, DDA is more prone to errors in method development and application. Here, we present a tutorial which provides guidelines on how to optimize the technical parameters essential for proper DDA experiments in metabolomics applications. This tutorial is organized as a series of rules describing the impact of the different parameters on data acquisition and data quality. It is primarily intended to metabolomics users and mass spectrometrists that wish to acquire both theoretical background and practical tips for developing effective DDA methods.
Modeling of Isoprene Solution Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Cavalcante de Sá Marília Caroline , Córdova A. María Teresa , Díaz de León Gómez Ramón Enrique , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present manuscript investigates the solution coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) of isoprene initiated by the ternary Ziegler‐Natta catalyst system composed by neodymium versatate (), diisobutylaluminum (DIBAH), and dimethyldichlorosilane. A kinetic mechanism is proposed and the kinetic parameters are estimated to allow the appropriate description of dynamic trajectories of average molecular weights and isoprene conversions obtained in solution CCTP polymerizations for the first time. A data reconciliation strategy is applied to evaluate the amount of DIBAH used as a chain transfer agent, as this very active compound can be consumed by undesired side reactions. Additionally, the impacts of key operation variables on the control of the average molecular weights and monomer conversion are evaluated to elucidate the living nature of the polymerization. As observed experimentally, the temperature effect on the course of the polymerization is not so pronounced as the effect of , isoprene, and DIBAH initial concentrations. The kinetic mechanism is described better and kinetic constants are estimated more precisely when the dynamic trajectories of average molecular weights are fitted during the whole batch. In this case, the proposed model is able to predict well the experimental trajectories of average molecular weights of the produced polymer and monomer conversion.
Systematic Comparison of Slurry and Gas‐Phase Polymerization of Ethylene: Part I Thermodynamic Effects
Authors: Alizadeh Arash , Touloupidis Vasileios , Soares João B. P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Sanchez–Lacombe model is used to investigate the multiphase and multicomponent thermodynamic equilibrium during ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization in slurry and gas‐phase reactors. The simulation study focuses on the interactions among ethylene, polyethylene, hydrogen, 1‐hexene, andn‐hexane under typical polymerization conditions. When used as a diluent,n‐hexane increases the concentrations of all reactants in the amorphous polymer phase due to the cosolubility effect. Moreover,n‐hexane significantly swells the amorphous polyethylene. This means that a polyethylene particle with the same degree of crystallinity has a larger amorphous phase fraction in slurry than in gas‐phase reactors. Consequently, if the gas phase concentration is the same in both modes of polymerization, the concentration of all reactive species in semi‐crystalline polyethylene particles will be higher in slurry reactors. The thermodynamic equilibrium simulations agree with the reported experimental results and can explain why supported catalysts behave differently in slurry and gas‐phase polymerizations.
Assessment of the strength and electrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles of male‐to‐female transgender patients submitted to gender‐affirming surgery: A case series
Authors: Hazin Marina , Ferreira Caroline W. S. , Andrade Rogerson , Moretti Eduarda , da Silva Dayana R. , Policarpo Júlio H. , Barbosa Leila , Lemos Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the strength and electrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) of male‐to‐female transgender individuals submitted to gender‐affirming surgery (GAS).MethodsA case series study was conducted from October 2016 to August 2018. Transgender women, who were scheduled for GAS, participated in the study. The volunteers were submitted to a clinical evaluation of the PFM followed by digital palpation (PERFECT method) and electromyography in the preoperative, 15, and 30 days after GAS. They responded to the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence (UI)—Short Form to evaluate the effect of UI on quality of life and to questions related to the urinary, anorectal, and sexual symptoms. Fifteen days after the GAS, patients were instructed to perform perineal exercises at home, twice a day.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 15 transgender women with an average age of 30.6 (SD = 6.7) years. There was a decline in median strength and sustained muscle contraction duration (PERFECT), in the electrical muscle activity (RMSmean and RMSmax) between pre‐GAS and 15 days after GAS (p < 0.05). However, there was an increase in these parameters between 15 and 30 days after GAS (p < 0.05). Moreover, six patients exhibited pre‐GAS UI, which continued after surgery, with a worsening of urgency symptoms and improvement in nocturia and postmicturition leakage.ConclusionStrength, sustained muscle contraction duration, and PFM electrical activity may decline 15 days after GAS, returning to pre‐GAS values in the first month after surgery.
Effect of exposure to COVID‐19 infodemic on infection‐preventive intentions among Korean adults
Authors: Han Jeong‐Won , Park Junhee , Lee Hanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThis study determined the effect of exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infodemic on infection‐preventive intentions among Korean adults.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study that used structural equation model.MethodsData were collected between 14 April–7 July 2020 from 300 adults in their 20s to 60s residing in South Korea. Analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0.ResultsExposure to COVID‐19 infodemic had a direct effect on the reduction of COVID‐19‐related knowledge and personal preventive health intentions. COVID‐19‐related knowledge had a direct impact on increased perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, perceived self‐efficacy, and personal preventive health intentions. Perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, and perceived self‐efficacy had a direct effect on increasing preventive intentions for personal health; and perceived severity had a direct effect on preventive intentions for public health.
The bird remains from WF16, an early Neolithic settlement in southern Jordan: Assemblage composition, chronology and spatial distribution
Authors: White Judith , Finlayson Bill , Makarewicz Cheryl , Khoury Fares , Greet Ben , Mithen Steven 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExcavations at the early Neolithic settlement of WF16 in Faynan, southern Jordan, 11.84–10.24 ka BP, recovered 17,700 bird bones, of which 7808 could be identified to at least family level. Sixty‐three different bird taxa are present from 18 families, representing a mix of resident and migrant birds, based on present‐day ecology. We describe the settlement context for the assemblage, its taxonomic composition, spatial and chronological distribution, identifying its similarities and differences to avian assemblages from broadly contemporary sites in the region.
An experimental study on multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite piezoresistivity considering the filler agglomeration effects
Authors: Zarei Darani Sajad , Naghdabadi Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPiezoresistive strain sensing of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites considering the effect of agglomeration is experimentally investigated. Thermoplastic polyurethane is used as composite matrix with melt mixing method for fabricating the nanocomposite. The electrical resistance of the nanocomposite specimens is measured by a designed electrical circuit in conductivity and piezoresistivity tests. The electrical resistance of the nanocomposite decreases by a nonlinear relation when CNT is added up to 1.5 wt% and has an inverse behavior after this weight fraction. Comparison between scanning electron microscope images of the nanocomposite specimen fracture surfaces shows that the CNT agglomeration is the reason for decreasing the nanocomposite electrical properties. Also, decrease of the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite in higher filler content than 1.5 wt%, confirms the agglomeration effects. In addition, it is illustrated that the CNT agglomeration decreases strain sensing in the nanocomposite. Moreover, different piezoresistive behaviors of the nanocomposite in low and large strains are explained, according to the piezoresistivity mechanisms. Change of the piezoresistivity mechanism type, causes a nonlinear growth of the nanocomposite electrical resistance, in large strain.
Impact of the cystic neural tube defects on fetal motor function in prenatal myelomeningocele repairs: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Corroenne Romain , Sanz Cortes Magdalena , Johnson Rebecca M. , Whitehead William E. , Donepudi Roopali , Mehollin‐Ray Amy R. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Espinoza Jimmy , Nassr Ahmed A. , Belfort Michael A. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of the lesion type (cystic [myelomeningocele] or flat [myeloschisis]) on the fetal motor function (MF) in cases candidates for prenatal open neural tube defect (ONTD) repair.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients with ONTD who underwent prenatal repair at a single institution between 2011 and 2019. The lesion type and the measurements of the length and width of the lesions to calculate the surface of the ellipsoid lesion were performed using MR scans. Prenatal MF of the lower extremities was evaluated by ultrasound following a metameric distribution at the time of referral. Intact MF was defined as the observation of plantar flexion of the ankle. Logistic regression was performed to determine the predictive value of the type of lesion for having an intact MF at the time of referral.Results103 patients were included at 22.9 (19–25.4) weeks; 65% had cystic and 35% had flat lesions. At the time of referral, there was a higher proportion of cases with an intact MF in the presence of flat lesions (34/36; 94.4%) as compared to cystic lesion (48/67; 71.6%, p < 0.01). When adjusting for gestational age and anatomical level of the lesion, flat ONTD were 3.1 times more likely to be associated by intact motor function (CI%95 [2.1–4.6], p < 0.01) at the time of referral.ConclusionCystic ONTD are more likely to be associated with impaired MF at mid‐gestation in candidates for prenatal ONTD repair.
Patients' preferred and perceived level of involvement in decision making for cancer treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Noteboom Eveline A. , May Anne M. , van der Wall Elsken , de Wit Niek J. , Helsper Charles W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivePatient involvement in decision making is conditional for personalised treatment decisions. We aim to provide an up‐to‐date overview of patients’ preferred and perceived level of involvement in decision making for cancer treatment.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL for articles published between January 2009 and January 2020. Search terms were ‘decision making’, ‘patient participation’, ‘oncology’, ‘perception’ and ‘treatment’. Inclusion criteria were: written in English, peer‐reviewed, reporting patients’ preferred and perceived level of involvement, including adult cancer patients and concerning decision making for cancer treatment. The percentages of patients preferring and perceiving an active, shared or passive decision role and the (dis)concordance are presented. Quality assessment was performed with a modified version of the New‐Castle Ottawa Scale.Results31 studies were included. The median percentage of patients preferring an active, shared or passive role in decision making was respectively 25%, 46%, and 27%. The median percentage of patients perceiving an active, shared or passive role was respectively 27%, 39%, and 34%. The median concordance in preferred and perceived role of all studies was 70%. Disconcordance was highest for a shared role; 42%.ConclusionsPatients’ preferences for involvement in cancer treatment decision vary widely. A significant number of patients perceived a decisional role other than preferred. Improvements in patient involvement have been observed in the last decade. However, there is still room for improvement and physicians should explore patients’ preferences for involvement in decision making in order to truly deliver personalised cancer care.
High‐Pressure Characterization of Melt‐Castable Energetic Materials: Bis(Nitroxymethylisoxazolyl) Furoxan (DNDIF)
Authors: Bennion Jonathan C. , Jenkins Timothy A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe high‐pressure behavior of bis(nitroxymethylisoxazolyl) furoxan (DNDIF) was studied at ambient temperature and pressures approaching 30 GPa by Raman spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction. There was no evidence of a phase change observed over this pressure range, indicating that the ambient structure of DNDIF remains stable up to conditions similar to the detonation pressure of the material. Such findings suggest that this melt‐castable explosive may be used in the replacement of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) in energetic formulations without the concern of uncontrolled polymorphism that might otherwise affect the performance and safety of the munition. Additionally, empirical understanding of the effect of different structural motifs in the crystal packing builds on understanding of what macroscale features are desirable for future materials and gets us closer to the design of future novel energetics.
Unusual hydrogen explosions due to unanticipated metal‐water reactions
Authors: Zalosh Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInadvertent generation of hydrogen from ambient temperature metal‐water chemical and electrochemical reactions have been responsible for a surprising number of hydrogen explosions. This paper describes three sets of incidents involving different metals in applications that are normally considered free of explosion hazards. The first set of incidents involves wet alkaline incinerator ash with an aluminum content of at least 2%. The second set of incidents involves copper conductor electrochemical reactions in subsea electrical cable. The third set involves electrochemical corrosion reactions in galvanized dry sprinkler pipe. In all three applications, test data are discussed to elucidate the specific reactions and potential preventive and mitigation measures.
Seed priming with calcium chloride enhances wheat resistance against wheat aphid Schizaphis graminumRondani
Authors: Wang Jun , Song Jia , Wu Xiao‐Bao , Deng Qian‐Qian , Zhu Zhong‐Yan , Ren Ming‐Jian , Ye Mao , Zeng Ren‐Sen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCalcium is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. Although it has been shown that exogenous Ca application can increase plant resistance to abiotic stress, little is known about its potential to enhance plant tolerance to biotic stress. Here, we investigated whether pretreatment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds with calcium chloride (CaCl2) improves plant resistance against wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani). The developmental time, population size, feeding behavior of aphids on plants grown from CaCl2‐ and water‐pretreated seeds, and plant defense responses to aphid attack were investigated.RESULTSSeed pretreatment with CaCl2 extended aphid development time and reduced aphid population size and feeding efficiency. In addition, the pretreatment significantly increased the concentration of Ca2+ in wheat leaves, and upregulated expression levels of TaCaM genes and callose synthase genes (TaGSL2, TaGSL8, TaGSL10, TaGSL12, TaGSL19, TaGSL22 and TaGSL23). Callose concentration in the leaves of plants grown from CaCl2‐pretreated seeds increased significantly upon aphid attack. Further, callose deposition was observed mainly in the phloem.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that seed pretreatment with CaCl2 primes the plant response against wheat aphid attack, leading to modulation of callose deposition in the phloem in response to aphid attack. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A calibration equation between Δ48values of carbonate and temperature
Authors: Swart Peter K. , Lu Chaojin , Moore Evan W. , Smith Megan E. , Murray Sean T. , Staudigel Philip T. 
Published: June 2021

RationaleInformation on the temperature of formation or alteration of carbonate minerals can be obtained by measuring the abundance of the isotopologues 47 and 48 (Δ47and Δ48values) of CO2released during acid dissolution. The combination of these two proxies can potentially provide a greater insight into the temperature of formation, particularly if the carbonate minerals form by non‐equilibrium processes.MethodsWe have precipitated calcium carbonates at seven temperatures between 5 and 65°C and measured their δ48values using a Thermo‐253 plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The values were transformed to Δ48values in the conventional manner and then converted to the carbon dioxide equilibrium scale.ResultsUsing the Δ48values, we have established an empirical calibration between temperature and Δ48values:urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:rcm9147:rcm9147-math-0001ConclusionsThe calibration line produced allows the determination of the temperature of natural carbonates using the Δ48values and agrees with the measurements of the Δ47and Δ48values of some carbonates assumed to have formed under equilibrium conditions.
Towards poor‐centred value chain for sustainable development: A conceptual framework
Authors: Minh Thai Thi , Osei‐Amponsah Charity 
Published: June 2021

AbstractValue chain for development (VCD) has increasingly been promoted for poverty reduction; yet, there is inadequate evidence on its effectiveness. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this article offers reasons why evidence on VCD impacts on poverty reduction is uncertain. It also suggests a conceptual framework for the poor‐centred value chain for sustainable development to guide a better analysis of VCD participation and poverty impacts. The framework is particularly useful for researchers involved in research for development related projects in the VCD space. As it provides an analytical lens to understand the broader contextual situation of the poor, co‐design solutions with multi‐stakeholders and implement appropriate “fit‐to‐needs” strategies that ensure the poor benefits from their VCD participation. The article contributes to the existing VCD discourse by reflecting on the multidimensional nature and dynamism of poverty reduction, the poor's heterogeneity and their value chain readiness and VCD impacts on poverty.