bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le rôle de la sculpture dans l’architecture des résidences de magnats au xviiie siècle
Authors: Dziubecki Tomasz 
Published: April 2021

Cet article est consacré à deux résidences de magnats du xviiie siècle dont l’architecture a fonctionné comme une manifestation politique s’appuyant sur des codes culturels enracinés dans la tradition antique et empruntés au modèle de Versailles. Les palais de Jan Klemens Branicki (1689-1771) à Białystok et d’Eustachy Potocki (1720-1768) à Radzyń ont été construits au milieu du xviiie siècle. L’analyse de leurs formes, de la conception de l’espace et des sculptures permet de comprendre leur fonction d’espace cérémoniel destiné à des fins politiques. Cette étude se focalise sur l’examen des portes d’entrée, des décors des façades, des sculptures situées dans les vestibules, jouant un rôle central dans les structures symboliques de la résidence, sans oublier les jardins avec leurs pavillons et leurs groupes sculptés. Tous ces éléments créaient le Gesamtkunstwerk (œuvre d’art totale) de l’univers spécifique de ces magnats rêvant d’être élus rois.
Les Polonais à la cour de Marie Leszczyńska
Authors: Kuras Katarzyna 
Published: April 2021

Marie Leszczyńska, fille de Stanislas Ier Leszczyński, roi de Pologne, et de Catherine Opalińska, est l’épouse de Louis XV, roi de France, entre 1725 et 1768. Le présent article se penche sur les différentes formes de présence des Polonais à la cour de la reine et dans son entourage immédiat. La reine ne peut pas compter sur un réel soutien de ses compatriotes au sein de sa maison, car les seuls Polonais qui font officiellement partie de sa cour sont des confesseurs et un cuisinier. Les résidents polonais liés à Versailles de façon plus étroite, tant par la fréquence des séjours que par le statut dont ils jouissent à la cour de Louis XV, sont tout aussi peu nombreux. Ce groupe comprend les parents de la reine et la princesse de Talmont. Les plus nombreux sont les voyageurs, les parents des Leszczyński et les nouveaux venus de Pologne qui rendent visite à la reine de France, guidés par la curiosité, le sens du devoir ou l’espoir de recevoir une aide leur permettant de faire face à une situation financière difficile. En règle générale, ils ont le privilège de rencontrer la reine, ils sont admis à certains honneurs de la cour mais, outre l’accès à un cercle restreint, Marie Leszczyńska n’offre pas aux étrangers venus de Pologne la possibilité de s’intégrer véritablement à la société de cour ou d’établir des contacts culturels plus profonds.
Travail ou loisir ? Typologie des carrières dans les tribute bands en Suisse
Authors: Nikoghosyan Nuné 
Published: April 2021

Quels sont les motifs et les intérêts que peuvent avoir les musiciens à jouer dans un tribute band ? Quels types de carrières peuvent-ils y mener ? Cette enquête empirique a été menée en Suisse, un terrain fructueux où le nombre de tribute bands augmente vite, mais les scènes et les publics sont encore limités. Dans une approche interactionniste, les tribute bands sont analysés comme un « monde de l’art » (Becker, 1980), un phénomène musical singulier, avec des carrières et des réseaux de coopération qui reposent sur des conventions distinctes. Les résultats s’articulent autour d’une typologie de carrières-types permettant d’expliquer les intérêts individuels présidant la décision de jouer dans un tribute band ainsi que les divers parcours artistiques observés. Pour une bonne part des musiciens, le tribute est une réponse (partielle) aux difficultés rencontrées sur le marché de l’emploi musical. La typologie est construite au croisement de deux axes. Le premier est le but principal du tribute : un but en soi ou un moyen pour avancer ses propres créations. Le deuxième est l’importance financière de l’activité, comme revenu d’appoint ou principal. Ainsi, quatre types de rapport au travail chez ces musiciens apparaissent : 1) amateur, 2) spécialisé, 3) opportuniste et 4) exécutant.
Carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate synergistically induce cytotoxic effects in esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Taghvaei Fatemeh , Rastin Sepideh Jafarzadeh , Milani Attabak Toofani , Khameneh Zakieh Rostamzadeh , Hamini Forough , Rasouli Mohammad Aziz , Asghari Keivan , Rekabi Shishavan Amir Mohammad , Ebrahimifar Meysam , Rashidi Siamak 
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:
We aimed at evaluating the effects of combinatorial treatments with carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the KYSE-30 esophageal cancer (EC) cell line and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental approach:
EC cells were harvested and exposed to increasing concentrations of carboplatin and EGCG to construct a dose-response plot. Cell inhibitory effects were assessed by the MTT method and apoptosis-related gene expression levels (caspases 8 and 9) and Bcl-2 mRNA were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The lactate levels in the various treated cases were analyzed using the colorimetric assay kit. In addition, total antioxidant capacity was measured.

Findings/Results:
The results indicated that, following treatments with carboplatin in IC20, IC25, and IC10 concentrations when combined with EGCG in similar concentrations, synergistically decreased cell viability versus single treatments of both agents. Also, in combined treatments at IC20 and IC25 of both agents the gene expression ratio of caspases 8 and 9 upregulated significantly compared to monotherapies (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 gene expression ratios were decreased in double agents treated cells versus monotherapies. Following treatment of KYSE-30 cells with carboplatin and EGCG in double combinations, lactate levels were significantly decreased compared with the untreated cells and single treatments (P < 0.05). Also, in IC25, IC20, and IC10 concentrations of both agents the total antioxidant capacity levels were decreased versus monotherapies and untreated cells.

Conclusion and implications:
The presented study determined that treatment with carboplatin and EGCG was capable of promoting cytotoxicity in EC cells and inhibits the cancer progress. Combined treatments with low concentrations of carboplatin and EGCG may promote apoptosis induction and inhibit cell growth. These results confirmed the anticancer effects of carboplatin and EGCG and providing a base for additional use of EGCG to the EC treatment.
Effect of biotin supplementation on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve in the rat
Authors: Abed Ali-Reza , Abed Alireza , Banafshe Hamid Reza , Malekabad Ebadallah Shiri , Gorgani-firuzjaee Sattar , Dadashi Ali-Reza 
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:
Neuropathic pain is one of the most common types of chronic pain that is very difficult to treat. Numerous studies have shown the potential role of vitamins in relieving both hyperalgesia and allodynia. Based on the convincing evidence, this study was designed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of biotin on neuropathic pain in rats.

Experimental approach:
This study was performed on male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-300 g. Neuropathic pain was induced by tying the sciatic nerve. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve resulted in hyperalgesia and allodynia. To measure the thermal hyperalgesia, the plantar test was used. Also to evaluate the cold and mechanical allodynia, acetone test and von Frey test were applied. Biotin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg) was administered orally as two different treatment regimens, acute and chronic.

Findings/Results:
Acute oral administration of biotin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg p.o.) on the 7th, 14th, and 21st postoperative days couldn’t reduce pain sensitivity compared to the CCI group. However, following the oral administration of biotin (8 and 16 mg/kg p.o.) from the first day after the surgery until day 21, mechanical allodynia (P < 0.001) and heat hyperalgesia (P < 0.05) significantly relieved.

Conclusion and implications:
Our results suggest that biotin can be considered as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of neuropathic pain, and supplementation with this vitamin could reduce the required doses of analgesic drugs. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Effect of vorinostat on INK4 family and HDACs 1, 2, and 3 in pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sanaei Masumeh , Kavoosi Fraidoon 
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:
In mammalian cells, several distinct surveillance systems, named cell cycle checkpoints, can interrupt normal cell-cycle progression. The cyclin-dependent kinases are negatively regulated by proteins of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors comprising INK4 and Cip/Kip families. Histone deacetylation induced by histone deacetylases (HDACs) inactivates the INK4 and Cip/Kip families lead to cancer induction. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have been indicated to be potent inducers of differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptotic induction. Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA), as an HDACI, is reported to be useful in various cancers. Previously, we reported the effect of trichostatin A on hepatocellular carcinoma and also vorinostat on colon cancer cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of vorinostat on p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, and class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 gene expression, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 and hepatocellular carcinoma LCL-PI 11 cell lines.

Experimental approach:
The AsPC-1 and LCL-PI 11 cell lines were cultured and treated with vorinostat. To determine, viability, apoptosis, and the relative expression level of p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 genes, MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay, and RT-qPCR were performed, respectively.

Findings/Results:
Vorinostat significantly inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, increased p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, and decreased class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 gene expression.

Conclusion and implications:
Vorinostat can reactivate the INK4 family through inhibition of class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 genes activity.
Mechanical effects of ranolazine on normal and diabetic-isolated rat heart
Authors: Khazraei Hajar , Akmali Masoumeh , Mirkhani Hossein 
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a complication of diabetes defined as cardiac dysfunction without the involvement of pericardial vessels, hypertension, or cardiac valve disorders. Ranolazine, an antianginal drug, acts through blocking of cardiac late sodium channels and/or inhibiting beta-oxidation of fatty acids. With regard to its mechanism of action, the present work has been carried out to investigate the potential useful effects of ranolazine on the systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in an experimental rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lidocaine, as a sodium channel blocker, was used to have a clearer image of the involved mechanisms.

Experimental approach:
Diabetes was induced by streptozocin. After 8 weeks, the effects of cumulative concentrations of ranolazine and lidocaine were evaluated on diabetic and normal hearts by the Langendorff method. Finally, the hearts were isolated from the Langendorff system and adenosine three phosphates (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) concentrations were measured to assay the metabolic effect of ranolazine.

Findings/Results:
Ranolazine significantly decreased the velocity of systolic contraction (+dP/dt) and the velocity of diastolic relaxation (-dP/dt) and developed pressure in normal and diabetic rat hearts. However, this negative effect was greater in normal hearts compared to diabetics. Ranolazine (100 μM) decreased the ATP level only in normal hearts and the ATP/ADP ratio decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both groups. This reduction was more prominent in normal hearts.

Conclusion and implications:
It is concluded that in the isolated rat heart preparation, ranolazine has no benefit on diabetic cardiomyopathy and may even worsen it. It seems that these effects are related to the metabolic effects of ranolazine.
Comparison of the effects of olsalazine and decitabine on the expression of CDH1 and uPA genes and cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Asl Misagh Mohammadi , Asl Javad Mohammadi , Naghitorabi Mojgan 
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:
Since DNA methyltransferase enzymes play a key role in DNA methylation, they can be used as a target to alter epigenetic changes and treat cancer. Recent studies have shown that olsalazine, through its potent inhibitory effect on the DNA methyltransferase enzyme, can be a good option. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olsalazine on cell viability and expression of CDH1 and uPA genes in MDA-MB-231 cells compared with decitabine.

Experimental approach:
The cytotoxicity of the drugs was determined using a standard MTT assay. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with olsalazine and decitabine with concentrations less than IC50 to evaluate the effect of drugs on the expression of genes. RNA was extracted from the cells after 24 and 48 h and CDH1and uPA gene expression were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method.

Findings/Results:
The cytotoxicity of the two drugs was comparable. The IC50 values at 24 h were 4000 and 4500 μM for olsalazine and decitabine, respectively. The IC50 values of both drugs were about 300 μM at 48 h. Statistical analyzes showed a significant increase in CDH1 expression after 24-48 h treatment with olsalazine, and 48 h treatment with decitabine, without any significant increase in uPA expression.

Conclusion and implications:
Our results showed that olsalazine has cellular toxicity comparable to decitabine in MDA-MB-231 cells. Also compared to decitabine, olsalazine causes a greater increase in expression of CDH1 without any significant increase in uPA expression. Therefore, it appears to be a good candidate for cancer treatment.
The protective effects of rosmarinic acid on ethanol-induced gastritis in male rats
Authors: Heidari Fatemeh , Komeili-Movahhed Tahereh , Hamidizad Zeinab , Moslehi Azam 
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose:
Gastritis is one of the most current gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Alcohol consumption is one of the major factors, which provides gastritis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is found in many plants and has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the protective effect of RA was evaluated on the histopathological indices, antioxidant ability, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion in male rats.

Experimental approach:
Forty-two animals were divided into control, ethanol-induced gastritis, and RA groups, 6 each. The protective groups included RA administration before gastritis induction at 50 mg (R-G50), 100 mg (R-G100), 150 mg (R-G150), and 200 mg (R-G200) doses. Gastritis was induced by gavage of 1 mL pure ethanol in fasted animals. After 1 h of gastritis induction, the rats were sacrificed and stomach tissue was removed.

Findings/Results:
Histological evaluation revealed that RA significantly attenuated gastric ulcers, leucocyte infiltration, and hyperemia. It also increased mucosal layer thickness and restored gastric glands. Furthermore, RA decreased malondialdehyde level, increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the stomach tissue, and raised gastric PGE2 level.

Conclusion and implications:
Our study demonstrated that rosmarinic acid has a notable effect on gastritis protection that could be due to increased antioxidant defense and PGE2 secretion, eventually maintenance of mucosal barrier integrity and gastric glands.
LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL CONTRA LA CORRUPCIÓN
Authors: TOMÁS TÍO JOSÉ MARÍA 
Published: April 2021

la sociedad civil perpleja e indignada decide estar activa y vigilante: el objetivo es poner fin a la impunidad, utilizando la transparencia como estrategia. Con 150 propuestas concretas, útiles, eficaces y posibles, elaboradas por 55 organizaciones civiles, suscritas por más de 300 personas individuales y asumidas por los siete grupos políticos más representativos, se firmó el 9 diciembre 2015 (Día Internacional contra la corrupción) el Pacto Estatal contra la corrupción y por la regeneración cívica, cuyo cumplimiento va a ir evaluando un Observatorio ciudadano, que dará cuenta en un Foro anualmente convocado, hasta conformar instituciones justas, sociedades decentes y comportamientos morales que nos permitan vivir con dignidad.
Gizarte zibila ez aurrera ez atzera, haserre eta erne dabil: helburua zigorgabetasuna amaitzea da. Estrategia gardentasuna da. 55 erakunde zibilek landutako, 300 pertsonak baino gehiagok sinatutako eta ordezkaritzarik handiena duten zazpi talde politikoek euren gain hartutako 150 proposamen zehatz, erabilgarri, eragingarri eta egingarri. 2015eko abenduaren 9an (Ustelkeriaren aurkako nazioarteko eguna) sinatu zuten ustelkeriaren aurkako eta birsortze zibikoaren aldeko estatu hitzarmena, eta herritarren behatokiak ebaluatuko du hitzarmena betetzen den eta urtean behin deituko den eztabaida-gunean azalduko ditu ondorioak, erakunde zuzenak, gizarte duinak eta duintasunez bizitzea ahalbidetzen duten jarrera moralak eratu arte.
The puzzled and outraged civil society decides to be active and vigilant: the objective is to put and end to impunity by using transparency as a strategy. With 150 specific, useful, efficient and feasible proposals elaborated by 55 civil organizations, signed by more of 300 individual persons and assumed by the most representative political groups, the State pact against corruption and for civic regeneration was signed on December 9th 2015 (International Day agains corruption) and whose fullfilment shall be assessed by a citizen observatory that will report to an annual forum in order to shape fair institutions, decent societies and moral behaviours that enable us to live in dignity.
LAS REGLAS DE CONDUCTA DE LOS POLÍTICOS: EVOLUCIÓN EN EL REINO UNIDO
Authors: BUSTOS GISBERT RAFAEL 
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo aborda la experiencia británica en materia de códigos de conducta aprobados y pensados para los miembros del gobierno y del parlamento. Esta experiencia es muy rica pues se inicia a finales del siglo pasado y no ha parado de evolucionar en paralelo a las crecientes demandas a favor de una mayor honradez en la vida pública británica. Además las peculiaridades de la «constitución» británica y, en particular, el uso de «convenciones constitucionales» para articular estos códigos han resultado un campo muy fértil para un uso razonable de este tipo de códigos. Precisamente por esas peculiaridades tan británicas la traslación de esta experiencia al resto de Europa resulta muy problemática, si bien se puede aprender mucho de los problemas y de las fórmulas empleados para resolverlos en el Reino Unido.lan horretan, Bretainia Handian gobernuko eta parlamentuko kideentzat onartutako eta pentsatutako jarrera kodeak aztertzen dira. Esperientzia hori oso aberatsa da, iragan mendearen hasieran hasi baitzen eta etengabe eboluzionatu baita, britainiar bizitza publikoan zintzotasun handiagoa eskatzen zen heinean. Horrez gain, Bretainia Handiko «konstituzio»aren berezitasunei eta, bereziki, kodeok egituratzeko «konstituzio konbentzio»en erabilpenari esker, bide zabala dago kode mota hori erabiltzeko. Hain zuzen, berezitasun horiek kontuan izaki, bertako esperientzia Europa osora hedatzea ez da erraza, baina asko ikas daiteke Erresuma Batuan erabilitako arazoetatik eta beroriek konpontzeko erabilitako formuletatik.This work deals with the British experience on Codes of Conduct approved and envisaged for the Government and Parliament members. This experience is very broad as it started at the end of the past century and it has been evolving since then together with the growing demands for a greater honesty in British public life. Furthermore, the peculiarities of the British «constitution» and particularly the use of «constitutional conventions» in order to articulate those codes have been a very fertile breeding ground for a reasonable use of those type of codes. It is precisely for such British peculiarities that the transposition of this experience to the rest of Europe is very problematic, while there is a lot to be learnt of the problems and formula used to solve them in the United Kingdom.
COVID-19: high-resolution computed tomography findings in the first
64 patients admitted to the Hospital of Cremona, the epicentre
of the pandemic in Europe
Authors: Sabatino Vittorio , Sergio Pietro , Muri Margherita , Zangrandi Ilaria , Voltini Giuseppe , Bosio Giancarlo , Betti Monia , Baglivo Francesca , Martinelli Enrico , Pan Angelo , Giorgi Pierfranceschi Matteo , Corvino Antonio , Romanini Laura 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionIn December 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as being responsible for the pulmonary infection called COVID-19. On 21 February 2020, the first autochthonous case of COVID-19 was detected in Italy. Our goal is to report the most common chest computed tomography (CT) findings identified in 64 patients, in the initial phase of COVID-19.Material and methodsSixty-four chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) examinations performed at the Radiology Unit of the Hospital of Cremona, from 22 to 29 February 2020, of 64 patients during first week of hospitalization for COVID-19 were retrospectively evaluated. All cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Image analysis was independently conducted by 2 radiologists with 10 years and 1 year of experience in chest imaging. The inter-observer agreement was obtained by applying a Cohen’s κ test.ResultsThe average age of patients was 67.1 years (± 12.2); men 42 (66%). HRCT was performed on the 5th (± 1.5) day of hospitalization. More frequently, the initial CT changes of the lung show more or less extensive areas of ground-glass, as single pattern or with parenchymal consolidations. Coronavirus lung involvement appears very frequently multi-lobar, bilateral, and it concerns both subpleural and central regions. An excellent agreement (κ: 0.88-1, CI: 0.79-1.01, p < 0.05) concerning CT findings between the 2 operators was reached.ConclusionsOur data suggest that detection of the most frequent pulmonary CT-scan changes, in the early stages of COVID-19, can be performed, with excellent agreement, among readers with different experience, and consequently attribute their exact diagnostic value, in an appropriate clinical and environmental exposure setting.