bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal timescale of protoplanetary disks in the low-metallicity young cluster Dolidze 25
Authors: Guarcello M. G. , Biazzo K. , Drake J. J. , Micela G. , Prisinzano L. , Sciortino S. , Damiani F. , Flaccomio E. , Neiner C. , Wright N. J. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The dispersal of protoplanetary disks sets the timescale that is available for planets to assemble, and thus it is one of the fundamental parameters in theories of planetary formation. Disk dispersal is determined by several properties of the central star, the disk itself, and the surrounding environment. In particular, the metallicity of disks may affect their evolution, but controversial results have been published so far: disks in low-metallicity clusters appear to disperse rapidly, while some evidence supports the existence of accreting disks that are several million years old in the Magellanic Clouds.
Aims. We study the dispersal timescale of disks in Dolidze 25, the young cluster in the proximity of the Sun with the lowest metallicity, to understand whether disk evolution is affected by the low metallicity of the cluster.
Methods. We analyzed Chandra ACIS-I observations of the cluster and combined the resulting source catalog with existing optical and infrared catalogs of the region. We selected the disk-bearing population in a circular region with a diameter of 1° centered on Dolidze 25 from criteria based on infrared colors, and we selected the disk-less population within a smaller central region from the X-ray sources with O infrared counterparts. In both cases, criteria were applied to discard contaminating sources in the foreground or background. We derived stellar parameters from isochrones that were fit to color-magnitude diagrams.
Results. We derived a disk fraction of ∼34% and a median age of the cluster of 1.2 Myr. To minimize the effect of incompleteness and spatial inhomogeneity in the list of members, we restricted this calculation to stars in a magnitude range within which our selection of cluster members is fairly complete. We also adopted different cuts in stellar masses. When we compare this estimate with existing estimates of the disk fraction of clusters younger than 10 Myr, the disk fraction of Dolidze 25 appears to be lower than what is expected based on its age alone.
Conclusions. Even though our results are not conclusive given the intrinsic uncertainty on stellar ages estimated from isochrone fitting to color-magnitude diagrams, we suggest that disk evolution in Dolidze 25 may be affected by the environment. Given the poor O-star population and low stellar density of the cluster, it is more likely that the disk dispersal timescale is dictated more by the low metallicity of the cluster than by external photoevaporation or dynamical encounters.
Antivirale Eigenschaften des Extrakts aus Cistus × incanus L. Pandalis auch bei SARS-CoV-2 in vitro nachgewiesen
Authors: Träder Jens-Martin 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDa es noch keine zuverlässige Therapie und nicht in ausreichender Menge zugelassene Impfstoffe gegen SARS-CoV-2 gibt, sucht die Forschung nach vielversprechenden, wirksamen Substanzen, die bereits verfügbar sind. In dieser Studie soll untersucht werden, ob das pflanzliche Präparat Cystus Pandalis® in vitro antivirale Eigenschaften gegen SARS-CoV-2 aufweist, da es sich bereits gegen mehrere andere Viren als wirksam erwiesen hat. Am Fraunhofer Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie (IZI) wurden Zellkulturen unter Anwendung von Cystus Pandalis®-Extrakt (CPE) mit SARS-CoV-2 infiziert, und die Reduktion der Infektionsrate wurde durch den Vergleich von fokusbildenden Einheiten bewertet. Eine fast vollständige Reduktion der Infektionsrate durch CPE wurde bei Konzentrationen von mehr als 15,6 µg/ml mit einer berechneten EC50 von 1,94 µg/ml beobachtet. Der Wirkmechanismus dieses Extraktes beruht möglicherweise auf den hochpolymeren Polyphenolen, die bestimmte virale Epitope umhüllen, wodurch CPE als Eintrittsinhibitor wirkt. Aufgrund der hohen In-vitro-Aktivität erscheint es sinnvoll, CPE als Prophylaxe gegen Infektionen mit SARS-CoV-2 einzusetzen.
Nicht fernmetastasiertes kastrationsresistentes Prostatakarzinom (M0CRPC)
Authors: Spiegelhalder Philipp , Bögemann Martin 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Auftreten von Fernmetastasen stellt beim nicht fernmetastasierten kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom (M0CRPC) einen prognostisch ungünstigen Wendepunkt dar. Dabei haben M0CRPC-Patienten mit kurzer PSA-Verdopplungszeit ein besonders hohes Progressionsrisiko. Für diese Patienten gab es lange Zeit, bis auf das abwartende Beobachten unter Beibehaltung der klassischen Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT), keine weiteren Therapieoptionen. Das seit Januar 2019 verfügbare Next-Generation Antiandrogen Apalutamid verlängerte in der Zulassungsstudie SPARTAN beim Hochrisiko-M0CRPC das metastasenfreie Überleben signifikant gegenüber Placebo. Die vorliegenden Patientenfälle aus der SPARTAN-Studie und dem Apalutamid Härtefallprogramm sind Beispiele für die positiven Effekte, die Apalutamid im M0CRPC-Stadium erzielen kann.
Mariendistel bei Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Koch Anna K. , Langhorst Jost 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMariendistel ist das am häufigsten angewandte Phytotherapeutikum bei Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen. Von der Europäischen Zulassungsbehörde EMA wird der Einsatz dieser Heilpflanze als „traditional use“ klassifiziert. Studien belegen die Wirksamkeit einer unterstützenden Behandlung mit Mariendistelextrakt insbesondere bei toxischen Leberschäden zum Beispiel durch Alkohol und Knollenblätterpilzvergiftung. Erste Hinweise deuten auf eine ergänzende Wirksamkeit von Mariendistel in Kombination mit einer Veränderung des Lebensstils auch bei Hepatitis B hin. Nähere Untersuchungen müssen diesen Effekt in Zukunft jedoch noch bestätigen.
40 Jahre Interdisziplinäres Transplantationszentrum am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck – Team Spirit at its Best
Authors: Nitschke Martin , Lapshyn Hryhoriy , Keck Tobias 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Transplantationsmedizin bilden sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten vermehrt fächerübergreifende Organzentren, die im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Kooperation eine optimale Versorgung vor, während und nach der Transplantation solider Organe gewährleisten können. Am Standort Lübeck wurde seit der Gründung des Zentrums vor 40 Jahren die Interdisziplinarität zwischen der Transplantationschirurgie und der Nephrologie gelebt, sodass sich ein auf die Nierentransplantation spezialisiertes Zentrum entwickeln konnte. Neben der medizinisch-fachlichen konnte eine organisatorische und baulich-infrastrukturelle Zentrumsbildung realisiert werden, die Vorbildcharakter für interdisziplinäre Transplantationszentren erreichte. Eine hohe Expertise minimalinvasiver Operationstechniken gemeinsam mit einer spezialisierten Transplantationsnephrologie bilden dabei die Basis für eine höchstmögliche Patientenzufriedenheit.
Pyridine-Mediated B–B Bond Activation of (RO)2B–B(OR)2 for Generating Borylpyridine Anions and Pyridine-Stabilized Boryl Radicals as Useful Boryl Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Tsurugi Hayato , Mashima Kazushi , Misal Castro Luis C. , Sultan Ibrahim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSignificant developments have been achieved in recent years toward the utilization of (RO)2B–B(OR)2 for exploring transition-metal-free organic transformations in organic synthesis. Among the various combinations of Lewis bases with diborons developed so far, pyridine derivatives are simple, commercially available, and cheap compounds to expand the synthetic utility of diborons by generating borylpyridine anions and pyridine-stabilized boryl radicals via B–B bond cleavage. These borylpyridine species mediate a series of transformations in both a catalytic and stoichiometric manner for C–X activation (X = halogen, CO2H, NR2) and concomitant C-borylation, hydroboryl­ation, C–C bond formation, and reduction reactions.1	Introduction2	Reaction Pathway for B–B Bond Cleavage of Diborons with Electron-Deficient Pyridines3	Pyridine-Mediated B–B Bond Activation of (RO)2B–B(OR)2 for Application in Organic Synthesis3.1	Dehalogenative C-Borylation3.2	Desulfonative C-Borylation3.3	Decarboxylative C-Borylation3.4	Deaminative C-Borylation3.5	Hydroborylation3.6	C–C Bond Formation3.7	Pyridine Functionalization3.8	Deoxygenation and N-Borylation Reactions4	Conclusions
Fibrinolysis in Acute and Chronic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kietsiriroje Noppadol , Ariëns Robert A.S. , Ajjan Ramzi A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe formation of an obstructive thrombus within an artery remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite effective inhibition of platelet function by modern antiplatelet therapies, these agents fail to fully eliminate atherothrombotic risk. This may well be related to extensive vascular disease, beyond the protective abilities of the treatment agents used. However, recent evidence suggests that residual vascular risk in those treated with modern antiplatelet therapies is related, at least in part, to impaired fibrin clot lysis. In this review, we attempt to shed more light on the role of hypofibrinolysis in predisposition to arterial vascular events. We provide a brief overview of the coagulation system followed by addressing the role of impaired fibrin clot lysis in acute and chronic vascular conditions, including coronary artery, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease. We also discuss the role of combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies to reduce the risk of arterial thrombotic events, addressing both efficacy and safety of such an approach. We conclude that impaired fibrin clot lysis appears to contribute to residual thrombosis risk in individuals with arterial disease on antiplatelet therapy, and targeting proteins in the fibrinolytic system represents a viable strategy to improve outcome in this population. Future work is required to refine the antithrombotic approach by modulating pathological abnormalities in the fibrinolytic system and tailoring therapy according to the need of each individual.
Fibrinolysis in Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Undas Anetta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFibrinolysis is of paramount importance in maintaining or regaining the patency of veins and pulmonary arteries obstructed by thrombi. Growing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that impaired fibrinolysis mediated by multiple complex mechanisms is involved in venous thromboembolism (VTE). Global plasma fibrin clot lysis markers, especially clot lysis time, have been reported to predict recurrent deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The current overview summarizes available data linking fibrinolysis to VTE and its long-term sequelae.
Managing Pandemics with Health Informatics: Successes and Challenges
Authors: Basit Mujeeb A. , Lehmann Christoph U. , Medford Richard J. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The novel COVID-19 pandemic struck the world unprepared. This keynote outlines challenges and successes using data to inform providers, government officials, hospitals, and patients in a pandemic.
Methods: The authors outline the data required to manage a novel pandemic including their potential uses by governments, public health organizations, and individuals.
Results: An extensive discussion on data quality and on obstacles to collecting data is followed by examples of successes in clinical care, contact tracing, and forecasting. Generic local forecast model development is reviewed followed by ethical consideration around pandemic data. We leave the reader with thoughts on the next inevitable outbreak and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: COVID-19 must be a lesson for the future to direct us to better planning and preparing to manage the next pandemic with health informatics.
Development of a novel approach to detect damage in concrete structures with millimeter wave radar assessment system
Authors: Singh Sanjeev K. , Narang Naina , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: April 2021

Nonintrusive damage assessment of concrete structures is evolving using newer technological interventions. Researchers are using different assessment techniques having their intrinsic limitations. A few are partially destructive, whereas others only provide qualitative information about the damages. Therefore, there is a need for a method using high-resolution imaging techniques for the assessment of exact damages and their depth along with intensity. Millimeter wave may be one of the good options for damage assessment. It is an efficient technique used in imaging applications due to its high resolution and effective penetration. Therefore, a novel millimeter wave assessment method is used in this study as a nondestructive post-fire damage test of concrete based civil engineering structures. An active millimeter wave radar system of 55–65 GHz has been used to measure the complex relative permittivity of concrete cube specimens for evaluation of damages caused by fire. In this study, fire damaged and control concrete cube specimens of 150 mm size were used for the measurement. The results were compared with the existing technique of ultrasonic pulse velocity, and it was found to be in good agreement.
Development of a small-scale commercial fish farm in the Ashanti Region of Ghana: a case study of Mr. Poku Gyinaye of Bosomtwi Integrated Aqualife Village.
Authors: Agbo Nelson 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This case study documents the development of a small-scale fish farm in an attempt to highlight the efforts of a fish farmer (Mr. Poku Gyinaye, a former Fisheries officer) to establish a commercial fish farm in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Accounts of the facilities, technology and management practices used by the farmer are described as well as his profile. The objectives of the farmer to undertake such a project were to produce fish seed for fish farmers to help them improve fish production, provide practical aquaculture training for prospective fish farmers and access to recreational fisheries for both local and foreign tourists. At the time of writing (by May 2009), Mr. Gyinaye has almost completed setting up the hatchery and has three large ponds for recreational fishing. He also has plans to start a public aquarium on the site. The main activities on his farm centre on Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus fingerling production. He intends to stock his recreational ponds with indigenous predatory fishes.
Artemia cyst production in salt pans of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Van , Nguyen Van Hoa , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Mekong Delta in south Vietnam has a long coastline with the provinces of Ben Tre, Kien Giang, Long An, Minh Hai, Soc Trang, Tien Giang and Tra Vinh. Traditional salt production is the major source of income for most of the local farmers who live along the coastline, despite the low and unstable price of salt. The introduction of Artemia (brine shrimp) from San Francisco Bay, USA, into the Mekong Delta salt pans, especially in Soc Trang and Bac Lieu provinces, opened a new trend in diversification of aquaculture species to create a better income source for local farmers. In Bac Lieu and Soc Trang provinces, Artemia cyst production is the preferred activity. Normally, they are stocked in salt pans from crystallizer to evaporation areas, even in reservoir areas where the salinity can be maintained at more than 70 ppt. The culture period lasts 5-6 months in the dry season and yields vary from 40 to 150 kg cysts ha-1(in wet weight) per crop, depending on locality, culture technique, and experience of Artemia farmers.
Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

M. citrifolia is a shrub or small tree that in recent years has attained significant economic importance worldwide due to the great variety of health and cosmetic products made from its leaves and fruits. Consequently, it has been extensively introduced in cultivation and can be found cultivated and naturalized across tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Groenendijk, 1991; Nelson, 2006; Orwa et al., 2009; USDA-ARS, 2017). Currently, M. citrifolia is listed as invasive in Cuba, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic and Haiti (Kairo et al., 2003; Chacon and Saborio, 2012, Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012). M. citrifolia is a species that can tolerate and thrive in very harsh conditions. It is well adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions and soil types. It can grow in infertile, acidic, and alkaline soils, and in areas with climates ranging from very dry to very wet. It is also tolerant to fire, waterlogging, wind, shaded conditions (>80% shade) and salt spray (Francis, 2004; Nelson, 2006; PROTA, 2017). For instance, M. citrifolia is one of the first plants to colonize harsh waste areas or lava flows on islands across the Pacific region and is also one of the few species that can thrive beneath the canopy of the allelopathic tree Casuarina equisetifolia (Nelson, 2006). Additionally, M. citrifolia has a deep taproot and an extensive and aggressive root system and once established it is very persistent and difficult to eradicate. Seeds have a distinct air chamber and can retain viability even after floating in water for months, facilitating the wide distribution and occurrence of this species on many seashores worldwide (Nelson, 2006).
Potato tuberworm: impact and methods for control - mini review.
Authors: YuLin Gao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The potato tuberworm,
Phthorimaea operculella
Zeller, is one of the most economically significant insect pests of potato in both field and storage worldwide. The biology of the pest and various management strategies such as cultural practices, biological, and chemical control and other control methods are reviewed.
DataVault: a data storage infrastructure for the Einstein Toolkit
Authors: Luo Yufeng , Haas Roland , Zhang Qian , Allen Gabrielle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Data sharing is essential in the numerical simulations research. We introduce a data repository, DataVault, which is designed for data sharing, search and analysis. A comparative study of existing repositories is performed to analyze features that are critical to a data repository. We describe the architecture, workflow, and deployment of DataVault, and provide three use-case scenarios for different communities to facilitate the use and application of DataVault. Potential features are proposed and we outline the future development for these features.
Electron collisions with molecular nitrogen in its ground and electronically excited states using the R-matrix method
Authors: Su He , Cheng Xinlu , Zhang Hong , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A comprehensive study of electron collisions with the X
1Σg
+ ground state as well as the metastable A
3Σu
+ and a
1Πg excited states of the N2 molecule is reported using the fixed-nucleus R-matrix method. Integral elastic scattering and electronic excitation cross sections from the X
1Σg
+ ground state to the eight lowest electronic states, A
3Σu
+, B
3Πg, W
3Δu, B′
3Σu
−, a
1Πg, a′
1Σu
−, w
1Δu and C
3Πu, overall agree well with the available experimental and theoretical results although updates of some recommended values are suggested. Accurate electron impact electronic transition cross sections starting from the A
3Σu
+ and a
1Πg metastable excited states are reported. The total summed electronic transition cross sections from the a
1Πg state is dominant: an order of magnitude higher than those of the X
1Σg
+ ground state. The de-excitation cross sections generally show a downward trend with increasing incident electron energy, which is different from the elastic and electronic excitation cross sections which generally increase with collision energy. There is a prominent 2Πu symmetry resonance peak at 2.8 eV for electronic de-excitation scattering of a
1Πg → B
3Πg, which significantly contributes to the total summed cross sections from the a
1Πg excited state. The present results provide a new insight which will aid understanding of electron spectra in the atmosphere of the Earth and Titan.
Dynamic evolution of hyperuniformity in a driven dissipative colloidal system
Authors: Nizam Ü Seleme , Makey Ghaith , Barbier Michaël , Kahraman S Süleyman , Demir Esin , Shafigh Ehsan E , Galioglu Sezin , Vahabli Danial , Hüsnügil Sercan , Güneş Muhammed H , Yelesti Efe , Ilday Serim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hyperuniformity is evolving to become a unifying concept that can help classify and characterize equilibrium and nonequilibrium states of matter. Therefore, understanding the extent of hyperuniformity in dissipative systems is critical. Here, we study the dynamic evolution of hyperuniformity in a driven dissipative colloidal system. We experimentally show and numerically verify that the hyperuniformity of a colloidal crystal is robust against various lattice imperfections and environmental perturbations. This robustness even manifests during crystal disassembly as the system switches between strong (class I), logarithmic (class II), weak (class III), and non-hyperuniform states. To aid analyses, we developed a comprehensive computational toolbox, enabling real-time characterization of hyperuniformity in real- and reciprocal-spaces together with the evolution of several order metric features, and measurements showing the effect of external perturbations on the spatiotemporal distribution of the particles. Our findings provide a new framework to understand the basic principles that drive a dissipative system to a hyperuniform state.
Investigation of the magnetic ground state of GaV4S8 using powder neutron diffraction
Authors: Holt S J R , Ritter C , Lees M R , Balakrishnan G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The magnetic ground state of polycrystalline Néel skyrmion hosting material GaV4S8 has been investigated using ac susceptibility and powder neutron diffraction. In the absence of an applied magnetic field GaV4S8 undergoes a transition from a paramagnetic to a cycloidal state below 13 K and then to a ferromagnetic-like state below 6 K. With evidence from ac susceptibility and powder neutron diffraction, we have identified the commensurate magnetic structure at 1.5 K, with ordered magnetic moments of 0.23(2) μ
B on the V1 sites and 0.22(1) μ
B on the V2 sites. These moments have ferromagnetic-like alignment but with a 39(8)° canting of the magnetic moments on the V2 sites away from the V4 cluster. In the incommensurate magnetic phase that exists between 6 and 13 K, we provide a thorough and careful analysis of the cycloidal magnetic structure exhibited by this material using powder neutron diffraction.
In-plane ordered quaternary

M4/3′M2/3″AlB2

phases (i-MAB): electronic structure and mechanical properties from first-principles calculations
Authors: Lind Hans , Dahlqvist Martin , Rosen Johanna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We have by means of first principles density functional theory calculations studied the mechanical and electronic properties of the so called i-MAB phases, M
4/3′M″2/3AlB2, where M′ = Cr, Mo, W and M″ = Sc, Y. These phases, experimentally verified for Mo4/3Sc2/3AlB2 and Mo4/3Y2/3AlB2, display an atomically laminated structure with in-plane chemical order between the M′ and M″ elements. Structural properties, along with elastic constants and moduli, are predicted for different structural symmetries, including the reported

R

3

̄

m

(#166) space group. We find all considered i-MAB phases to be metallic with a significant peak in the electronic structure at the Fermi level and no significant anisotropy in the electronic band structure. The simulations also indicate that they are rather hard and stiff, in particular the Cr-based ones, with a Young’s modulus E of 325 GPa for M″ = Sc. The Mo-based phases are similar, with E = 299 GPa for M″ = Sc, which is higher than the corresponding laminated carbides (i-MAX phases).