bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentially preventable hospitalisations in rural community‐dwelling patients
Authors: Ridge Andrew , Peterson Gregory M. , Kitsos Alex , Seidel Bastian M. , Anderson Vinah , Nash Rosie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPotentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) are a common occurrence. Knowing the factors associated with PPH may allow high‐risk patients to be identified and healthcare resources to be better allocated, and these factors may differ between urban and rural locations.AimTo determine factors associated with PPH in an Australian rural population.MethodsA retrospective review of admitted patients' demographic and clinical data was used to describe and model the factors associated with PPH, using an age‐ and sex‐matched control group of non‐admitted patients. This study is based in a multi‐site rural general practice, Tasmania. The study included patients aged ≥18 years residing in the Huon‐Bruny Island region of Tasmania, who were active patients at a rural general practice and were admitted to a public hospital for a PPH between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2019. Main outcome measure is overnight admission to hospital for a PPH.ResultsPredictors with a significant odds ratio (OR) in the final model were being single/unmarried (OR 2.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–4.28), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.13–1.74) and the number of general practice visits in the preceding 12 months (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.05–1.14).ConclusionsThis study found that being single and having a higher comorbidity burden were the strongest independent risk factors for PPH in a rural population. Demographic and socioeconomic factors appeared to be as, if not more, important than medical factors and warrant attention when considering the design of programmes to reduce PPH risk in rural communities.
Comparative evaluation of various herbal extracts on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Scardovia wiggsiae: An in vitro study
Authors: Demirez Bircan Zeynep , Aydinoglu Sema , Arslan Ipek , Alpay Karaoglu Sengul , Yurteri Emine , Bozdeveci Arif 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundOwing to their strong antimicrobial properties, Helichrysum arenarium (HA), Anzer thyme (AT), and Stevia rebaudiana (SR) have been commonly used in medicine.AimThis study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activities of HA, AT, and SR against S. mutans and S. wiggsiae in biofilms formed on primary teeth.DesignFifty enamel samples were divided into two groups: mono‐species biofilm and two‐species biofilm. Each biofilm group was divided into five subgroups (n = 5): group 1, HA; group 2, AT; group 3, SR; group 4, CHX (positive control); and group 5, distilled water (negative control). Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined. The number of viable microorganisms was counted. The presence of microorganisms was examined using a scanning electron microscope, and mineral analysis was performed using energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis.ResultsIn the mono‐species biofilm, CHX was significantly more effective against S. mutans than other groups (p < .001). Furthermore, HA, AT, and SR groups showed significantly lower colony counts of S. mutans than distilled water (p < .05). In the two‐species biofilm group, AT, SR, and CHX were significantly more effective against S. wiggsiae than distilled water (p < .05).ConclusionsHA, AT, and SR have been suggested as effective natural alternatives to CHX against cariogenic bacteria.
Utilization of palm oil mill effluent as a novel substrate for the production of antifungal compounds by Streptomyces philanthi RM-1-138 and evaluation of its efficacy in suppression of three strains of oil palm pathogen
Authors: Boukaew Sawai , Cheirsilp Benjamas , Yossan Siriporn , Khunjan Uraiwan , Petlamul Wanida , Prasertsan Poonsuk 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to use palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a renewable resource for the production of antifungal compounds by Streptomyces philanthi RM-1-138 against Ganoderma boninense, Ceratocystis paradoxa and Curvularia oryzae.

Methods and results
The efficacy of antifungal compounds RM-1-138 against the three strains of fungal oil palm pathogen was evaluated both in vitro and on oil palm leaf segments. In vitro studies using confrontation tests on glucose yeast-malt extract (GYM) agar plates indicated that the strain RM-1-138 inhibited the growth of all three fungal pathogenic strains. The antifungal compounds produced in the GYM medium exhibited significantly higher inhibition (79%–100%) against the three fungal pathogens than using the diluted POME (50%) medium (80%–83% inhibition). The optimum condition for the production of antifungal compounds from the strain RM-1-138 was as following: POME of 47,966 mg L−1 chemical oxygen demand (COD), the initial pH at 7.0 and supplemented with yeast extract (0.4%). Meanwhile, severe morphological and internal abnormalities in C. oryzae hyphae were observed under a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. In vivo experiment on oil palm leaf segments indicated that the efficacy of the antifungal compounds RM-1-138 (DSI = 1.3) were not significantly difference in the suppression of Curvularia leaf spot compared with the two commercial chemical fungicides of mancozeb® (DSI = 1.0) and tetraconazole® (DSI = 1.3).

Conclusions
Antifungal compounds produced by S. philanthi RM-1-138 grown in POME have the potential to inhibit fungal pathogens.

Significance and impact of the study
The POME (about 47 mg L−1 COD) with the initial pH of 7.0 and supplementation of 0.4% nitrogen could be used as a culture medium for the growth and production of antifungal compounds of S. philanthi RL-1-138. In addition, the antifungal compound RM-1-138 could suppress the three strains of oil palm fungal pathogen tested on oil palm leaf segment.
Effects of Ganfule capsule on microbial and metabolic profiles in anti-hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Fei , Li Hanyin , Pan Yu , Zeng Yangli , Li Juan , Li Shunxiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
Based on the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites, the underlying mechanism was analysed for the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effects of Ganfule capsule (GFL) in the study.

Methods and results
The UPLC-Q-TOF/MS results showed that 13 key compounds were identified in GFL and the major active ingredients included amygdalin, saikosaponin A, astragaloside I, etc. The nude mice received HepG2 injection, and GFL showed lower volume and weight of the tumour. In addition, the apoptosis proteins (Bax and Bcl2) were altered in response to GFL treatment, and apoptosis cells were increased, indicating an anti-HCC effect. Interestingly, 16S rDNA results showed that GFL treatment improved gut microbiota diversity and compositions, especially for the beneficial bacteria, such as Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillaceae, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus_reuteri and Lactobacillus_gasseri. Metabonomics further identified 426 metabolites and 343 metabolites variation in the positive and negative ion modes after GFL treatment, which might be associated with amino acid, lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, indicating these metabolites might involve in the protective role of GFL in HCC. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.

Conclusion
In conclusion, GFL exerted an anti-HCC effect in the nude murine model, which might be associated with microbial and metabolic improvements.

Significance and impact of the study
This study is the first to report the anti-HCC effect of GFL associated with gut microbiota and plasma metabolites. GFL may improve the gut microbiota structure, such as increasing probiotics – Lactobacillus. It also provides a new strategy for the scientific demonstration of the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
Werner syndrome presenting as early‐onset diabetes: A case report
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Liu Siruo , Qin Fengye , Liu Qian , Wang Qiuyue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWerner syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive premature progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in the WRN gene. It is characterized by early onset of age‐related diseases, such as cataracts, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and malignancies, in which diabetes often onset in patients’ 30–40s. Herein, we report a Chinese patient with Werner syndrome with uncommon early‐onset diabetes at 18 years‐of‐age, who had low body mass index, insulin resistance, negative antibodies of diabetes and early onset of cataracts. Genome sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirm the diagnosis. A novel heterozygous splice‐site mutation in the WRN gene (c.1270‐2A>T) was identified. The present case reminds clinicians that when young diabetes patients are encountered, if they are accompanied by premature aging, attention should be paid to identifying the possibility of Werner syndrome based on diagnostic criteria.
Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the diabetes knowledge test among in‐patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Minami Taichi , Shirakawa Jun , Hiiragi Hiroko , Yamada Taku , Suzuki Youichi , Shirabe Shinitiro , Maeda Hajime , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe diabetes knowledge test (DKT) is unavailable in Japan. In this study, we developed and evaluated a Japanese version of the DKT (J‐DKT) for in‐patients with type 2 diabetes before and after receiving diabetes education.Materials and MethodsThe J‐DKT contains 12 questions (0–12 points) to assess knowledge regarding diabetes, its complications, and diabetic nutrition therapy. During the median 10 days of hospitalization, 107 patients with type 2 diabetes received diabetes education (20 min private lessons every day from physicians, two nutrition counselling programs from dietitians, and a 2 h group session conducted by physicians, dietitians, and nurses). The J‐DKT was administered on admission and before discharge. To confirm the J‐DKT’s reliability, we assessed the internal consistency using Cronbach’s α (≥0.70 was considered acceptable). To evaluate its validity, we investigated changes in the J‐DKT total scores after the education programs and examined the differences in the scores among groups classified based on patient characteristics such as age, diabetes‐related hospitalization history, and hospitalization duration.ResultsThe J‐DKT total scores increased from 5 to 8 (P ˂ 0.01) after the education programs. The J‐DKT before and after the program showed a Cronbach’s α of 0.48 and 0.73, respectively. Except for age, baseline characteristics such as history and period of hospitalization for diabetes were not associated with the J‐DKT scores after the education program.ConclusionsThe validity and reliability of the J‐DKT after the diabetes education program were acceptable in this study.
Diaphorina communis: Molecular identification, development on Citrus reticulata, and acquisition and transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’
Authors: Om Namgay , Beattie George Andrew Charles , Donovan Nerida J. , Holford Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe black curry leaf psyllid, Diaphorina communis, is a host of the citrus pathogen, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (‘CLas’). However, there is a paucity of information on its biology; hence, this study was conducted to evaluate survival and development on citrus, in this instance mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and curry leaf (Bergera koenigii), and transmission of ‘CLas’. Given its similarity with the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), sequences of the COI and 16S genes were examined to see if they could distinguish molecularly between nymphs of these two species. Field and laboratory experiments showed that D. communis nymphs transferred to mandarin branches failed to survive. Adults could survive on flush growth of ‘CLas’‐infected mandarin trees; however, little oviposition took place, and the single resulting nymph did not survive to the second instar. These observations suggest that D. communis does not develop, or rarely develops on mandarin and possibly other Citrus spp. Curry leaf appears to be its preferred host, and complete development can take place, possibly exclusively, on this species. Studies on acquisition of ‘CLas’ by D. communis and possible transmission assessed in 2014 and 2015 using greenhouse‐grown curry leaf and mandarin seedlings with naturally infected mandarin stumps as a source of ‘CLas’ indicated a low acquisition rate of ‘CLas’. In addition, although D. communis can acquire ‘CLas’, it either cannot transmit it or transmission is limited, and the pathogen may not multiply within the insect. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that differences in COI and 16S regions may prove useful for differentiating between early instar D. communis and D. citri nymphs when fifth instar nymphs and adults are not present on host plants.
Immune response of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) to Amyloodinium ocellatum infection
Authors: Zhang Youyi , Hu Jiabao , Li Yaya , Zhang Man , Jacques Kimran Jean , Gu Weiwei , Sun Yibo , Sun Jiachu , Yang Yang , Xu Shanliang , Wang Yajun , Yan Xiaojun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmyloodinium ocellatum (AO) infection in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) causes extensive mortality. Insufficient information exists on the molecular immune response of silver pomfret to AO infestation, so herein we simulated the process of silver pomfret being infected by AO. Translucent trophosomes were observed on the gills of AO‐infected fish. Transcriptome profiling was performed to investigate the effects of AO infection on the gill, kidney complex and spleen. Overall, 404,412,298 clean reads were obtained, assembling into 96,341 unigenes, which were annotated against public databases. In total, 2730 differentially expressed genes were detected, and few energy‐ and immune‐related genes were further assessed using RT‐qPCR. Moreover, activities of three immune‐related (SOD, AKP and ACP) and three energy‐related (PKM, LDH and GCK) enzymes were determined. AO infection activated the immune system and increased interleukin‐1 beta and immunoglobulin M heavy chain levels. Besides, the PPAR signalling pathway was highly enriched, which played a role in improving immunity and maintaining homeostasis. AO infection also caused dyspnoea, leading to extensive lactic acid accumulation, potentially contributing towards a strong immune response in the host. Our data improved our understanding regarding the immune response mechanisms through which fish coped with parasitic infections and may help prevent high fish mortality in aquaculture.
Mechanistic support of traditional Persian medicine for the treatment of acne vulgaris: A scoping review
Authors: Pasalar Mehdi , Tabatabaei Fatemeh , Bradley Ryan , Tajadini Haleh , Kamali Mohadese , Hasheminasab Fatemeh Sadat , Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin diseases, which also contributes to many psychological problems. Despite the recent progress in the treatment of acne vulgaris, the necessity for discovering more effective solutions has motivated many lines of research on natural and medicinal plants. The Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) introduced some plants and remedies for acne treatment. Given the universal welcome for herbal medicine, this review was performed to formally assess the evidence for herbal medicines for acne vulgaris in TPM.MethodsThe medicinal plants used in this study for treating acne vulgaris were selected based on common references to the plants in five famous textbooks of TPM from different time periods. Then, the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐microbial effects of these medicinal plants were investigated according to the recent literature available in five electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.ResultsTwenty‐one herbs were commonly references in traditional TPM texts as helpful for topical treatment of acne vulgaris. The data collected from the electronic databases demonstrated most of these plants (eg, Astragalus sarcocolla, Ficus carica, and Hordeum vulgare) have both anti‐inflammatory and anti‐microbial mechanisms, which may assist to treat acne vulgaris.ConclusionThis scoping review demonstrated many medicinal plants recommended by TPM books have therapeutic potential for acne vulgaris via multiple mechanisms.
Thiol/disulfide homeostasis and its relationship with insulin resistance in patients with rosacea
Authors: Demir Pektas Suzan , Cinar Nese , Pektas Gokhan , Akbaba Gulhan , Kara Ahmet , Hancer Hilal Semra , Demircioglu Duman Deniz , Neselioglu Salim , Erel Ozcan , Yazgan Aksoy Duygu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease that can be associated with cardiometabolic disorders. Oxidative stress is included in the pathogenesis of rosacea, and thiol‐disulfide homeostasis (TDH) acts as antioxidants.ObjectiveTo evaluate the TDH and metabolic parameters in patients with rosacea.Material and MethodsA total of 42 rosacea patients and 50 controls participated in this prospective study. Demographic data, clinical entities, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory findings were recorded. Additionally, TDH was measured by an automated spectrophotometric method.ResultsRosacea patients had greater body mass index values (27.9 ± 5.2 kg/m² vs. 23 ± 1.4 kg/m², p < 0.001), waist‐hip ratios (0.87 ± 0.1 vs. 0.77 ± 0.8, p < 0.001), and insulin resistance (3.0 ± 2.0 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) compared with controls. Disulfide levels, the disulfide/native thiol ratio (DNTR), and the disulfide/total thiol ratio (DTTR) were increased (p < 0.05) in rosacea patients. Native thiol and total thiol levels and the native/total thiol ratio (NTTR) were decreased in rosacea patients (p < 0.05). Different rosacea subtypes had no effect on oxidative stress markers. The duration of illness and insulin resistance values significantly correlated with DNTR and DTTR in the rosacea group (p < 0.05).ConclusionRosacea has a metabolic milieu with increased oxidative stress and insulin resistance.
Inflammatory and fibrotic mechanisms in NAFLD—Implications for new treatment strategies
Authors: Lee Youngmin A. , Friedman Scott L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is comprised of either simple steatosis (non‐alcoholic fatty liver) or a more advanced inflammatory and fibrogenic stage (non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]). NASH affects a growing proportion of the global adult and pediatric population, leading to rising rates of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH is a multifactorial disease that is part of a systemic metabolic disorder. Here, we provide an overview of the metabolic underpinnings of NASH pathogenesis and established drivers of inflammation and fibrosis. Clarification of underlying fibrogenic and inflammatory mechanisms will advance the development of novel treatment strategies as there are no approved therapies at present. We discuss emerging experimental approaches and potential novel investigational strategies derived from animal models including the inflammasome, epigenetic reprogramming, Hippo signaling, Notch signaling, engineered T cells to remove fibrogenic HSCs, and HSC‐specific targeting therapies. Recently completed and ongoing clinical trials and antifibrotics are discussed, illuminating the growing expectation that one or more therapies will yield clinical benefit in NASH in the coming years.
Automatic detection of impact craters on Al foils from the Stardust interstellar dust collector using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Jaeger Logan , Butterworth Anna L. , Gainsforth Zack , Lettieri Robert , Zevin Dan , Ardizzone Augusto , Capraro Michael , Burchell Mark , Wozniakiewicz Penny , Ogliore Ryan C. , De Gregorio Bradley T. , Stroud Rhonda M. , Westphal Andrew J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNASA's Stardust mission utilized a sample collector composed of aerogel and aluminum foil to return cometary and interstellar particles to Earth. Analysis of the aluminum foil begins with locating craters produced by hypervelocity impacts of cometary and interstellar dust. Interstellar dust craters are typically less than one micrometer in size and are sparsely distributed, making them difficult to find. In this paper, we describe a convolutional neural network based on the VGG16 architecture that achieves high specificity and sensitivity in locating impact craters in the Stardust interstellar collector foils. We evaluate its implications for current and future analyses of Stardust samples.
Drosophila versus Mycobacteria: A model for mycobacterial host–pathogen interactions
Authors: Marshall Eleanor K. P. , Dionne Marc S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnimal models have played an essential role in understanding the host–pathogen interactions of pathogenic mycobacteria, including the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and emerging nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species such as M. avium and M. abscessus. Drosophila melanogaster has become a well‐established model for the study of innate immunity and is increasingly being used as a tool to study host–pathogen interactions, in part due to its genetic tractability. The use of D. melanogaster has led to greater understanding of the role of the innate immune system in response to mycobacterial infection, including in vitro RNAi screens and in vivo studies. These studies have identified processes and host factors involved in mycobacterial infection, such as those required for cellular entry, those required to control or resist non‐pathogenic mycobacteria, or factors that become dysregulated as a result of mycobacterial infection. Developments in genetic tools for manipulating mycobacterial genomes will allow for more detailed studies into how specific host and pathogen factors interact with one another by using D. melanogaster; however, the full potential of this model has not yet been reached. Here we provide an overview of how D. melanogaster has been used to study mycobacterial infection and discuss the current gaps in our understanding.