bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrous oxide‐induced neurological disorders: an increasing public health concern
Authors: Redmond Jessica , Cruse Belinda , Kiers Lynette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeurological presentations resulting from nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse are increasing in Australia and worldwide. Despite known neuropsychiatric sequelae, N2O canisters remain readily available and its use unregulated.AimsTo examine the demographics, clinical and electrophysiological findings of patients presenting with neurological complications of N2O abuse, and thus inform clinicians and public health decision‐makers of the significant public health concerns of this increasing practice.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting to a tertiary referral metropolitan hospital were included in this series. Patients were identified by a search of discharge summaries of patients admitted with acute or subacute neuropathy or myelopathy and a history of N2O abuse, and from the electrophysiology database.ResultsThirteen patients were identified, most presenting with subacute paraesthesia, sensory ataxia and lower limb weakness. Eleven had low serum vitamin B12. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with subacute combined degeneration in eight. Nerve conduction studies revealed a motor or sensorimotor axonal neuropathy (three with motor predominance). There was a bimodal demographic distribution consisting of socially isolated, international university students and local residents with a history of mental illness and polydrug abuse.ConclusionsRecreational N2O use is an emerging health problem in Australia. International university students and patients with pre‐existing mental illness or polydrug use appear to be at increased risk. A severe motor neuropathy may emerge following vitamin B12 replacement. Public health measures are required to limit the availability of N2O and to educate adolescents and young adults about the potential for significant harm.
Understanding the experiences of teacher candidates related to online flipped learning in relation to Community of Inquiry framework
Authors: Özüdoğru Melike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a scarcity of studies on online flipped learning in teacher education classes. Many studies have found that student learning is improved in flipped learning environments; however, this is still an open question. Much of the literature employs quantitative methods to reveal the effect of flipped learning on certain variables such as engagement, performance, and so on, but there have been few studies that investigate the Community of Inquiry variables perceived by learners in flipped learning environments.ObjectivesThis study investigated the levels of teaching, social, and cognitive presence of teacher candidates in an online flipped learning community, whether these variables were related to academic achievement, and teacher candidates' experiences with the online flipped learning approach.MethodsA case study research design was used in this study. Without any face‐to‐face meetings, the course was delivered using an online flipped learning approach. While quantitative data were collected from 34 teacher candidates, 16 teacher candidates participated in the qualitative part of the study. Focus group interviews, an open‐ended questionnaire, a Community of Inquiry Scale, and teacher candidates' course grades were used to collect data. Both descriptive and content analysis were used to analyze the data.Results and ConclusionsIn the current study, effective online flipped learning design fostered teaching presence, with perceived teaching presence having the highest mean and perceived social presence having the lowest. Course videos prepared by the instructor, as well as synchronous activities such as peer presentations, questions, and video discussion, all contributed to cognitive presence through the practice of theoretical knowledge. Although none of the variables in the community of inquiry were related to academic achievement, computer‐based games like Kahoot contribute to a positive online flipped learning community. Many benefits of online flipped learning have been stated, including providing active, flexible, autonomous, and interactive instruction through the use of technology, creating a fun learning environment, and increasing perceived learning and interaction with the instructor.
Characterization of an outbreak of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in young Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L
Authors: Fritsvold Camilla , Mikalsen Aase B , Poppe Trygve T , Taksdal Torunn , Sindre Hilde 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) is the most common viral cardiac disease in Norwegian Atlantic salmon farming and typically affects large, market size fish. Only six months after seawater transfer, Atlantic salmon were diagnosed with CMS at a fish farm in the south‐western part of Norway. Due to the unexpected young age and the remarkable large amounts of virus‐specific RNA (Ct <10), the fish group was monitored with five additional samplings until slaughtered almost 10 months later. At three weeks after the first CMS diagnosis (weeks post‐diagnosis, wpd) and at slaughter (39 wpd), more comprehensive samplings were performed of the study cage, with specific focus on three different cardiac compartments. The clinical, autopsy and histopathological findings at first diagnosis and at all succeeding samplings were similar to previous descriptions of typical CMS. A slightly elevated mortality was observed in the cage with diseased fish at the time of the first CMS diagnosis and continued throughout the study. The prevalence and load of PMCV‐specific RNA in the fish remained high until slaughtering, with similar amounts in all sampled cardiac compartments. No fish from the other five cages at the site were diagnosed with CMS, until fish sampled from the last cage at the site were diagnosed 10 weeks after slaughtering of the study cage (49 wpd). Sequence analysis of the PMCV on the site showed that the outbreak virus was similar to PMCV variants previously sequenced from Norwegian field outbreaks. In conclusion, CMS in young Atlantic salmon had clinical signs and histopathological cardiac lesions typical for the disease, and diseased fish could be found in the study cage until slaughtering.
Analysis of the diffusion characteristics and activation energy of rice drying using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Che Gang , Wan Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research was conducted to determine the effective moisture diffusion coefficient and activation energy of rice using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR). The results showed that the evaporable water was rapidly removed under high‐temperature drying in the early stages of drying. The diffusion rate of evaporable water at different temperatures in the later stages of drying was not significant. Besides, the activation energy in rice was divided into the activation energy of the conversion of the chemically bound water (15.04–25.69 kJ/mol) to evaporable water and the activation energy of the diffusion of evaporable water from rice (6.42–16.42 kJ/mol), indicating that more energy was needed to dry the chemically bound water from rice. A new method for obtaining the effective moisture diffusion coefficient and the activation energy was proposed based on the relaxation time distribution profiles, revealing the internal relationship between various phase moisture and activation energy. These results will provide a theoretical guidance for the drying process.Practical applicationsThe moisture diffusion characteristics and activation energy of rice were determined using low‐field NMR signal quantities, which were important parameters for optimizing the drying process. In addition, the variable temperature drying method was conducive to the rapid diffusion of moisture in the rice. The chemically bound water within rice required more energy to diffuse than other forms of water components. An internal relationship between moisture content and the activation energy was established to provide a theoretical reference for high‐quality drying techniques.
Motorists' willingness to drive through flooded roads: Evidence from a stated preference experiment
Authors: Ahsanuzzaman  , Messer Kent D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe conduct a stated‐preference choice experiment to reveal motorists' driving‐related behavioral responses to different types of signs indicating that the road is flooded and travel costs associated with avoidance of the flooded road. We use three flood‐indicating visualization treatments and control group to identify the effects of particular road signs and identify associations between drivers' behavior and their demographic characteristics and the cost (time) of taking an alternate route. Using responses from 714 adult participants from the coastal area of the Mid‐Atlantic of the United States, we estimate willingness to drive additional minutes to avoid flooded roads using a random utility framework. Our results suggest that individuals are more likely to avoid flooded roads when shown flood‐indicating road signs that do not indicate the exact depth of the water and signs that indicate that the water is relatively deep (more than 12 in.). We further find that individuals tend to persist in their initial choices. They often make risky choices when high risk‐indicating information is presented at the beginning of the decision‐making process. The results of this study can help inform the sign design choices of transportation managers to help ensure driver safety in flood conditions.
Medicare payment policy in skilled nursing facilities: Lessons from a history of mixed success
Authors: Prusynski Rachel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current policy environment for rehabilitation in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) is complex and dynamic, and SNFs are facing the dual challenges of recent Medicare payment policy change that disproportionately impacts rehabilitation for older adults and the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article introduces an adapted framework based on Donabedian's model for evaluating quality of care and applies it to decades of Medicare payment policy to provide a historical view of how payment policy changes have impacted rehabilitation processes and patient outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries in SNFs. This review demonstrates how SNF responses to Medicare payment policy have historically varied based on organizational factors, highlighting the importance of considering such organizational factors in monitoring policy response and patient outcomes. This historical perspective underscores the mixed success of previous Medicare policies impacting rehabilitation and patient outcomes for older adults receiving care in SNFs and can help in predicting SNF industry response to current and future Medicare policy changes.
Better safe than sorry: Registered nurses’ strategies for handling difficult calls to emergency medical dispatch centres – An interview study
Authors: Holmström Inger K. , Kaminsky Elenor , Lindberg Ylva , Spangler Douglas , Winblad Ulrika 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe strategies employed by registered nurses for handling difficult calls to emergency medical dispatch centres.BackgroundAt emergency medical dispatch centres, registered nurses encounter a range of difficult calls in their clinical practice. They often use clinical decision support systems, but these may be of limited help if the caller is for instance abusive or has limited language proficiency. Much can be learnt from strategies developed by registered nurses for handling difficult calls.DesignA descriptive qualitative study was conducted.MethodsA purposeful sample of 24 registered nurses from three different emergency medical dispatch centres were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The COREQ checklist was applied.ResultsAn overarching theme was established: “Using one’s nursing competence and available resources for a safe outcome”, based on three sub‐themes: Use one’s own professional and personal resources, Use resources within the organisation and Use external resources. The themes in turn consist of ten categories.ConclusionsRegistered nurses employed a range of strategies to deal with difficult calls, often in combination. They used their personal resources, resources within their own organisation, and collaboration partners to make safe triage decisions and use resources wisely. The effectiveness of these strategies, however, remains unknown. When registered nurses were unable to rule out a high‐acuity condition, they used safety‐netting and sent an ambulance. Evaluating current strategies and making strategies explicit could further improve the ability of nurses to handle difficult calls.Relevance to clinical practiceThe strategies described by registered nurses for handling difficult calls to EMDCs included using a consecutive set of strategies. Some of the strategies seemed to be used deliberately, while others seemed tacit and applied in a routinised way. These strategies could potentially be useful for RNs working with telephone triage in different contexts.
Study on the correlation between the ultrasound phenotype and copy number variation of abnormal embryo in spontaneous abortion
Authors: Tan Shuyin , Pan Pingshan , Yang Zuojian , Su Jiasun , Wei Hongwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the correlation between the ultrasound phenotype and copy number variation (CNV) of abnormal embryos in spontaneous abortion by investigating the abnormal chromosome copy number of embryos at different developmental stages in early spontaneous abortion.MethodsA total of 539 patients who had early spontaneous abortion in our hospital between 2015 and 2019 were divided into seven groups according to the phenotype of abnormal embryonic development during pregnancy, and the embryonic tissues of the patients were subjected by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray.ResultsAmong 377 cases with abnormal CNV, 295 (78.25%) cases had chromosome trisomy, and 28 (7.43%) cases had a combination of more than two chromosomes. Triploidy, tetraploidy, chromosome microdeletion/duplication, uniparental disomy, and monosomy 45,X were found in 32 (8.48%), five (1.32%), 31 (8.22%), four (1.02%), and eight (2.12%) cases, respectively. Two (0.53%) cases had autosomal chromosome 21 monosomy. Normal karyotype had the highest proportion in the empty sac group; trisomy 16 accounted for the bulk of chromosomes in the normal yolk sac group, complex triploidy occupied the most part in the abnormal yolk sac group, and no remarkable difference in chromosomal abnormality proportion was found between the normal and abnormal yolk sac groups; the most frequent chromosomal anomaly in a group of germ without cardiac activity and germ<5 mm was trisomy 16; triploidy was the most common in the group with 5 mm ≤ germ ≤ 15 mm, whereas the main distribution of chromosome karyotype was normal, followed by trisomy 13 in a group with germ>15 mm.ConclusionAbnormal embryos with different ultrasound phenotypes in early spontaneous abortion have various CNV types and characteristic distribution. Thus, ultrasound combined with SNP array can provide a basis for the etiological analysis of embryos in spontaneous abortion.
Survey on spontaneous miscarriage and induced abortion surgery safety at less than 12 weeks of gestation in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Eishin , Kobayashi Kosuke , Sekizawa Akihiko , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Takai Yasushi ,   Medical Safety and Education Committee of the Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (JAOG), Tokyo, Japan
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimIn Japan, dilatation and curettage (D&C) is a common procedure for spontaneous miscarriage and induced abortion, and its safety has long been an issue. Electric vacuum aspiration (EVA) is also common, but manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) was introduced recently, with medical abortions using mifepristone or misoprostol which are not yet legally accepted. This nationwide retrospective study surveyed the surgical methods and complications associated with spontaneous miscarriage and induced abortion at less than 12 weeks of gestation in Japan to assess their safety, in comparison with a similar survey for induced abortions in 2012.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to 4176 facilities with a license for induced abortion surgeries in 2019. The questions included were the methods used, number of spontaneous miscarriages and induced abortions, and number of complications (uterine perforation, incomplete abortion, and gross bleeding requiring blood transfusion).ResultsResponses were received from 1706 facilities (40.9%). Although EVA with sharp curettage was the most common surgical method, which was used for 11 953 spontaneous miscarriages (28.9%) and 24 045 induced abortions (37.3%), the most common surgical method per facility was D&C, and the rates of D&C for spontaneous miscarriages (38.4%) and induced abortions (44.7%) performed in general hospitals were significantly higher than those in clinics (24.1% and 22.0%, respectively). There was no significant difference in the complication incidence rate among surgical methods for spontaneous miscarriages. However, in induced abortion surgery, the total complication and incomplete abortion incidence rates for D&C were significantly higher than those for EVA without sharp curettage (47/15 162 [0.31%] vs. 29/18 693 [0.16%], p = 0.00362, 45/15 162 [0.30%] vs. 27/18 693 [0.14%], p = 0.00285, respectively). There was no significant difference in the complication incidence rate between MVA and other surgical methods for each abortion surgery.ConclusionIn Japan, especially in general hospitals, D&C is still widely used for miscarriage and induced abortion surgery. Its complication‐incidence rates significantly decreased compared with that of the nationwide survey in 2012, but were still significantly higher than EVA without sharp curettage. Few facilities used MVA, but its complication rate was comparable with those of other surgical methods.
Tastes, emotions, and social cohesion: Toward a cultural theory of social exchange
Authors: Vanzella‐Yang Adam , Abrutyn Seth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Affect Theory of Social Exchange (ATSE) research program has produced cumulative insights on how instrumental exchanges lead to the development of affectual attachments. With its focus on task responsibilities, ATSE leaves space to interrogate how factors not related to task execution are at play in the production of interpersonal bonds. In this paper, we integrate insights from social psychology, cultural sociology and organizational research to develop a theoretical framework suggesting (a) why and how cultural tastes contribute to social cohesion and (b) the conditions under which cultural tastes remain a source of strategic advantage or, worse, symbolic exclusion. Our theory rests on the basic proposition that shared cultural tastes increase the likelihood of experiencing positive emotions, which in turn are key in the development and maintenance of affectual attachments. Variations to this proposition are subsequently introduced, considering culture in declarative and nondeclarative forms.
Japanese biotechnology regulation and life science (gene) patenting
Authors: Karky Ramesh B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJapanese patenting system on biotechnological inventions is unique. In 1979, before the US Supreme court's decision in the Chakrabarti case (1980), the Japanese Patent Office (JPO) had issued the “Implementing Guidelines for the Invention of Microorganisms,” and microorganism was considered as patentable. Japan lacks case laws. However, we can find cases like the Engineered Mice case. This study paper critically surveys and focuses on the Japanese life science (Gene/DNA) patenting system and its prevailing issues. This paper critically analyzes the current position and practices of the JPO on DNA patenting, including induced pluripotent stem cells as well as CRISPR gene‐editing technique, its challenges, and its potential future courses on this issue; the basis of granting a patent for DNA in Japan; Japanese outlook at ethical (living organisms) aspects of DNA patenting; depository system in Japan; the impacts of the tragedy of anticommons in Japan; “Creative Commons” movement; and others.
A Systematic Review of Mathematics Interventions for Middle‐School Students Experiencing Mathematics Difficulty
Authors: Powell Sarah R. , Mason Erica N. , Bos Samantha E. , Hirt Stacy , Ketterlin‐Geller Leanne R. , Lembke Erica S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this systematic review, we explored mathematics interventions for middle school (Grades 6, 7, and 8) implemented with students who experienced difficulty in the area of mathematics, including students with an identified learning disability in mathematics. A total of 72 single‐subject and group comparison studies met inclusion criteria, with 59 studies demonstrating positive effects on student‐level mathematics outcomes. The majority of mathematics interventions focused on foundational, prealgebraic skills (e.g., operations and problem solving) related to algebraic reasoning. To understand the landscape of effective mathematics interventions and inform instruction within mathematics intervention, we identified six instructional components used with regularity within the effective studies. These components included explicit instruction, multiple representations, problem‐solving instruction, mathematical language, mnemonics, and graphic organizers.
The maintenance of polymorphism in an ancient social supergene
Authors: Purcell Jessica , Lagunas‐Robles German , Rabeling Christian , Borowiec Marek L. , Brelsford Alan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSupergenes, regions of the genome with suppressed recombination between sets of functional mutations, contribute to the evolution of complex phenotypes in diverse systems. Excluding sex chromosomes, most supergenes discovered so far appear to be young, being found in one species or a few closely related species. Here, we investigate how a chromosome harbouring an ancient supergene has evolved over about 30 million years (Ma). The Formica supergene underlies variation in colony queen number in at least five species. We expand previous analyses of sequence divergence on this chromosome to encompass about 90 species spanning the Formica phylogeny. Within the nonrecombining region, the gene knockout contains 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are consistently differentiated between two alternative supergene haplotypes in divergent European Formica species, and we show that these same SNPs are present in most Formica clades. In these clades, including an early diverging Nearctic Formica clade, individuals with alternative genotypes at knockout also have higher differentiation in other portions of this chromosome. We identify hotspots of SNPs along this chromosome that are present in multiple Formica clades to detect genes that may have contributed to the emergence and maintenance of the genetic polymorphism. Finally, we infer three gene duplications on one haplotype, based on apparent heterozygosity within these genes in the genomes of haploid males. This study strengthens the evidence that this supergene originated early in the evolution of Formica and that just a few loci in this large region of suppressed recombination retain strongly differentiated alleles across contemporary Formica lineages.