bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Sedimentation in Gonjo Basin, Southeast Tibet in Response to India‐Asia Collision Constrained by Magnetostratigraphy
Authors: Xiao R. , Zheng Y. , Liu X. , Yang Q. , Liu G. , Xia L. , Bian Z. , Guan J. , Feng P. , Xu H. , Clift P. D. , Qiang X. , Zhang Y. , Zheng H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe India‐Asia collision has been the object of vigorous debate for decades, with ages of the start ranging from Late Cretaceous to Oligocene. Sedimentary records preserved in both near‐field and far‐field settings provide critical evidence concerning the age and mechanism of the collision. Gonjo Basin, one of a series of fault‐controlled basins developed along the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau, contains well‐exposed sedimentary successions, providing great potential for understanding depositional, tectonic‐geomorphological and climatic history associated with India‐Asia collision and plateau uplift. Lithofacies analysis reveals that the sequences consist of sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate, formed in fluvial‐lacustrine systems. High‐resolution magnetostratigraphy, constrained by U‐Pb dating of zircon from a volcaniclastic layer which has been found in the central Gonjo Basin for the first time, indicates that sedimentation started at 69 Ma and continued in this locality until 50 Ma. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) interpretation based on the age framework reveals a post‐depositional compression after 50 Ma, responding simultaneously to the early uplift of southeast Tibetan Plateau driven by India‐Asia collision.
Potential of Mid‐tropospheric Water Vapor Isotopes to Improve Large‐Scale Circulation and Weather Predictability
Authors: Toride Kinya , Yoshimura Kei , Tada Masataka , Diekmann Christopher , Ertl Benjamin , Khosrawi Farahnaz , Schneider Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecent satellite techniques have uncovered detailed tropospheric water vapor isotope patterns on a daily basis, yet the significance of water isotopes on weather forecasting has remained largely unknown. Here, we perform a proof‐of‐concept observing system simulation experiment to show that mid‐tropospheric water isotopes observed by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) can substantially improve weather forecasts through non‐local impacts on the convective heating structure and large‐scale circulation. Assimilating IASI isotopes can improve wind, humidity, and temperature fields by more than 10% at mid‐troposphere compared to only assimilating conventional non‐isotopic observations. These improvements are about two‐thirds of assimilating simultaneous IASI water vapor observations. The improvements can be attributed more to thermodynamic (phase change) effects than dynamic (transport) effects of water isotopes. Furthermore, isotopic observations produce additional 3%–4% improvements to the fields constrained by the conventional observations and simultaneous IASI water vapor observations, demonstrating the unique characteristics of water isotopes.
Supraglacial Ice Cliffs Can Substantially Increase the Mass Loss of Debris‐Covered Glaciers
Authors: Buri Pascal , Miles Evan S. , Steiner Jakob F. , Ragettli Silvan , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe thinning patterns of debris‐covered glaciers in High Mountain Asia are not well understood. Here we calculate the effect of supraglacial ice cliffs on the mass balance of all glaciers in a Himalayan catchment, using a process‐based ice cliff melt model. We show that ice cliffs are responsible for higher than expected thinning rates of debris‐covered glacier tongues, leading to an underestimation of their ice mass loss of 17% ± 4% in the catchment if not considered. We also show that cliffs do enhance melt where other processes would suppress it, that is, at high elevations, or where debris is thick, and that they contribute relatively more to glacier mass loss if oriented north. Our approach provides a key contribution to our understanding of the mass losses of debris‐covered glaciers, and a new quantification of their catchment wide melt and mass balance.
Comparison of Synoptic Maps and PFSS Solutions for The Declining Phase of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Li Huichao , Feng Xueshang , Wei Fengsi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe global distributions of photospheric magnetic field are routinely provided by synoptic maps, which often serve as fundamental observational input for coronal and heliospheric models. In this paper, we compare synoptic maps and PFSS‐derived magnetic field results obtained during 2017/12/06–2018/12/06, a period at the declining phase of solar cycle 24. We use four kinds of synoptic maps, the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) maps, the Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric Flux Transport (ADAPT) maps, the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) maps with their zero‐point uncertainty corrected (GONGz maps) or uncorrected (GONGb maps). Qualitatively similarity among the four maps are found in the low‐latitude region, but the polar fields have notable differences. While the polar fields of HMI, ADAPT and GONGz maps are unipolar and relative stable in large scale, those of the GONGb maps are variable. The PFSS results of HMI, ADAPT, and GONGz compare reasonably with coronal remote observations and near‐Earth in situ data, and the HMI maps perform slightly better. There is generally no significant difference among results of the 12 ADAPT ensemble maps, but exceptions are also found. The PFSS results of GONGb maps deviate from observation significantly. The deviations are attributed to the problematic polar field, and the source of the problem may be the zero‐point uncertainty of the magnetograms. As GONGb maps perform well in the declining phase of solar cycle 23, results in this study highlight the importance of continuous assessment of synoptic map data quality.
Linking the Siberian Flood Basalts and Giant Ni‐Cu‐PGE Sulfide Deposits at Norilsk
Authors: Yao Zhuo‐sen , Mungall James E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe world‐class magmatic sulfide deposits in the Norilsk region exhibit a remarkable spatial and temporal association with the Siberian large igneous province (LIP). However, the details of the causal connection between the Siberian LIP and the ore deposits have remained contentious. Here we address the problem by modeling of assimilation, crystallization and flow behavior of magmas based on aggregated data from the Norilsk camp. Crustal assimilation at depth by mantle‐derived picritic magma can account for the compositional and isotopic variations of the early tholeiitic basalts and the sequestering of sulfide liquid in a mid‐crustal conduit system. When the rate and volume of asthenospheric magma production dramatically increased, the metal tenors of the mid‐crustal sulfide reservoir were first upgraded by consequent reaction with the fresh, undepleted magmas, then entrained and flushed to higher crustal levels. The resulting sulfide‐rich emulsions were too dense to reach the surface to form lavas but were instead emplaced in multiple pulses within blind sill‐like bodies at shallow depth. Sulfide ores transported from the mid‐crust were deposited at the bases of the upper‐crustal sills, where sedimentary host rocks were assimilated wholesale by the already sulfide‐charged replenishing magmas; this shallow assimilation was itself not instrumental in forming the ores. Although the evolution and dynamics of flood basalts are thus inextricably linked with coeval subvolcanic economic intrusions, the mineralization itself is argued not to occupy feeders with direct links to the overlying lavas, suggesting major implications for exploration in other LIPs.
Regional Characteristics of Atmospheric Sulfate Formation in East Antarctica Imprinted on 17O‐Excess Signature
Authors: Ishino S. , Hattori S. , Legrand M. , Chen Q. , Alexander B. , Shao J. , Huang J. , Jaeglé L. , Jourdain B. , Preunkert S. , Yamada A. , Yoshida N. , Savarino J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract17O‐excess (Δ17O = δ17O − 0.52 × δ18O) of sulfate trapped in Antarctic ice cores has been proposed as a potential tool for assessing past oxidant chemistry, while insufficient understanding of atmospheric sulfate formation around Antarctica hampers its interpretation. To probe influences of regional specific chemistry, we compared year‐round observations of Δ17O of non‐sea‐salt sulfate in aerosols (Δ17O(SO42−)nss) at Dome C and Dumont d'Urville, inland and coastal sites in East Antarctica, throughout the year 2011. Although Δ17O(SO42−)nss at both sites showed consistent seasonality with summer minima (∼1.0‰) and winter maxima (∼2.5‰) owing to sunlight‐driven changes in the relative importance of O3 oxidation to OH and H2O2 oxidation, significant intersite differences were observed in austral spring–summer and autumn. The cooccurrence of higher Δ17O(SO42−)nss at inland (2.0‰ ± 0.1‰) than the coastal site (1.2‰ ± 0.1‰) and chemical destruction of methanesulfonate (MS–) in aerosols at inland during spring–summer (October–December), combined with the first estimated Δ17O(MS–) of ∼16‰, implies that MS– destruction produces sulfate with high Δ17O(SO42−)nss of ∼12‰. If contributing to the known postdepositional decrease of MS– in snow, this process should also cause a significant postdepositional increase in Δ17O(SO42−)nss over 1‰, that can reconcile the discrepancy between Δ17O(SO42−)nss in the atmosphere and ice. The higher Δ17O(SO42−)nss at the coastal site than inland during autumn (March–May) may be associated with oxidation process involving reactive bromine and/or sea‐salt particles around the coastal region.
A Multi‐Proxy Approach to Unravel Late Pleistocene Sediment Flux and Bottom Water Conditions in the Western South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Mathias G. L. , Roud S. C. , Chiessi C. M. , Campos M. C. , Dias B. B. , Santos T. P. , Albuquerque A. L. S. , Toledo F. A. L. , Costa K. B. , Maher B. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetic signals in deep‐sea sediments have the potential to unravel past continental environmental changes, via changes in primary terrigenous magnetic supply, but also record past marine environmental conditions, via in situ formation of secondary magnetic minerals, particularly when complemented by independent proxies. By combining environmagnetic, geochemical, and siliciclastic grain size data, we investigated marine sediment core GL‐1090 (24.92°S, 42.51°W, 2,225 m water depth) aiming to unravel changes in terrigenous sediment input and bottom water conditions during the last ∼184 ka at the western South Atlantic middepth. The Al/Si, Fe/κ and siliciclastic grain size data show that terrigenous sediments at this core location derived from the Plata River (southeastern South America). This material was transported northwards by the Brazilian Coastal Current and their delivery to our core site was modulated by sea‐level oscillations. Periods of low sea‐level were characterized by the input of coarser and more abundant terrigenous sediments. Environmagnetic parameters indicate significant downcore variations in the magnetic domain state, which we interpret as changes in the content of biogenic magnetite following glacial‐interglacial cycles. Coeval negative excursions in magnetic grain size and benthic δ13C suggests that concentrations of single domain magnetite (possibly magnetotactic bacterial magnetite) vary in response to middepth water ventilation. We suggest that reduced ventilation in the middepth western South Atlantic bottom waters during peak glaciations triggered a decrease in the production of biogenic magnetite. Peak glaciations were, in turn, linked with increases in the residence time of North Atlantic Deep Water (or its glacial counterpart).
Resource-efficient quantum algorithm for protein folding
Authors: Robert Anton , Barkoutsos Panagiotis Kl. , Woerner Stefan , Tavernelli Ivano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPredicting the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its primary sequence of amino acids is known as the protein folding problem. Due to the central role of proteins’ structures in chemistry, biology and medicine applications, this subject has been intensively studied for over half a century. Although classical algorithms provide practical solutions for the sampling of the conformation space of small proteins, they cannot tackle the intrinsic NP-hard complexity of the problem, even when reduced to the simplest Hydrophobic-Polar model. On the other hand, while fault-tolerant quantum computers are beyond reach for state-of-the-art quantum technologies, there is evidence that quantum algorithms can be successfully used in noisy state-of-the-art quantum computers to accelerate energy optimization in frustrated systems. In this work, we present a model Hamiltonian with $${\mathcal{O}}({N}^{4})$$

O

(

N

4

)

scaling and a corresponding quantum variational algorithm for the folding of a polymer chain with N monomers on a lattice. The model reflects many physico-chemical properties of the protein, reducing the gap between coarse-grained representations and mere lattice models. In addition, we use a robust and versatile optimization scheme, bringing together variational quantum algorithms specifically adapted to classical cost functions and evolutionary strategies to simulate the folding of the 10 amino acid Angiotensin on 22 qubits. The same method is also successfully applied to the study of the folding of a 7 amino acid neuropeptide using 9 qubits on an IBM 20-qubit quantum computer. Bringing together recent advances in building gate-based quantum computers with noise-tolerant hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, this work paves the way towards accessible and relevant scientific experiments on real quantum processors.
Self-assembling peptide scaffolds in the clinic
Authors: Gelain Fabrizio , Luo Zhongli , Rioult Marika , Zhang Shuguang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWell-defined scaffold hydrogels made of self-assembling peptides have found their way into clinical products. By examining the properties and applications of two self-assembling peptides—EAK16 and RADA16—we highlight the potential for translating designer biological scaffolds into commercial products.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in osteoarthritis (OA) knee: Correct dose critical for long term clinical efficacy
Authors: Bansal Himanshu , Leon Jerry , Pont Jeremy L. , Wilson David A. , Bansal Anupama , Agarwal Diwaker , Preoteasa Iustin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite encouraging results reported with regards to Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) application in osteoarthritis (OA) knee, still critical issues like conclusive structural evidence of its efficacy, standard dose and good manual method of preparation to obtain high yield remains unanswered. Present study is an attempt to optimise the dose and concentration of therapeutic PRP and its correlation with structural, physiologic efficacy with a new manual method of PRP preparation. A total of one hundred and fifty patients were randomized to receive either PRP (10 billion platelets) or hyaluronic acid (HA; 4 ml; 75 patients in each group) and followed up till 1 year. An addition of filtration step with 1 µm filter in manual PRP processing improved platelet recovery upto 90%. Significant improvements in WOMAC (51.94 ± 7.35 vs. 57.33 ± 8.92; P < 0.001), IKDC scores (62.8 ± 6.24 vs 52.7 ± 6.39; P < 0.001), 6-min pain free walking distance (+ 120 vs. + 4; P < 0.001) persisted in PRP compared to HA group at 1 year. Significant decline IL-6 and TNF-α levels observed in PRP group (P < 0.05) compared to HA at 1 month. Study demonstrated that an absolute count of 10 billion platelets is crucial in a PRP formulation to have long sustained chondroprotective effect upto one year in moderate knee OA.
Construction of adenovirus vectors simultaneously expressing four multiplex, double-nicking guide RNAs of CRISPR/Cas9 and in vivo genome editing
Authors: Nakanishi Tomoko , Maekawa Aya , Suzuki Mariko , Tabata Hirotaka , Sato Kumiko , Mori Mai , Saito Izumu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSimultaneous expression of multiplex guide RNAs (gRNAs) is valuable for knockout of multiple genes and also for effective disruption of a gene by introducing multiple deletions. We developed a method of Tetraplex-guide Tandem for construction of cosmids containing four and eight multiplex gRNA-expressing units in one step utilizing lambda in vitro packaging. Using this method, we produced an adenovirus vector (AdV) containing four multiplex-gRNA units for two double-nicking sets. Unexpectedly, the AdV could stably be amplified to the scale sufficient for animal experiments with no detectable lack of the multiplex units. When the AdV containing gRNAs targeting the H2-Aa gene and an AdV expressing Cas9 nickase were mixed and doubly infected to mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, deletions were observed in more than 80% of the target gene even using double-nicking strategy. Indels were also detected in about 20% of the target gene at two sites in newborn mouse liver cells by intravenous injection. Interestingly, when one double-nicking site was disrupted, the other was simultaneously disrupted, implying that two genes in the same cell may simultaneously be disrupted in the AdV system. The AdVs expressing four multiplex gRNAs could offer simultaneous knockout of four genes or two genes by double-nicking cleavages with low off-target effect.
Effects of exposure to immersive videos and photo slideshows of forest and urban environments
Authors: Mostajeran Fariba , Krzikawski Jessica , Steinicke Frank , Kühn Simone 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA large number of studies have demonstrated the benefits of natural environments on people’s health and well-being. For people who have limited access to nature (e.g., elderly in nursing homes, hospital patients, or jail inmates), virtual representations may provide an alternative to benefit from the illusion of a natural environment. For this purpose and in most previous studies, conventional photos of nature have been used. Immersive virtual reality (VR) environments, however, can induce a higher sense of presence compared to conventional photos. Whether this higher sense of presence leads to increased positive impacts of virtual nature exposure is the main research question of this study. Therefore, we compared exposure to a forest and an urban virtual environment in terms of their respective impact on mood, stress, physiological reactions, and cognition. The environments were presented via a head-mounted display as (1) conventional photo slideshows or (2) 360$$^{\circ }$$∘videos. The results show that the forest environment had a positive effect on cognition and the urban environment disturbed mood regardless of the mode of presentation. In addition, photos of either urban or forest environment were both more effective in reducing physiological arousal compared to immersive 360$$^{\circ }$$∘videos.
Feasibility and patency of echoendoscopic anastomoses with lumen apposing metal stents depending on the gastrointestinal segment involved
Authors: Betés Maite , Pérez-Longo Pablo , Peralta Sandra , Bojorquez Alejandro , Angós Ramon , Chopitea Ana , Baixauli Jorge , Munoz-Navas Miguel , Súbtil Jose Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEUS-guided anastomoses with LAMS have emerged as a therapeutic option for patients with obstruction of the digestive tract. However, the long-term permeability of these anastomoses remains unknown. Most of the published cases involve the gastric wall and experience in distal obstruction is limited to few case reports. We review our series of patients treated with LAMS for gastrointestinal obstruction and describe the technical success according to the anastomotic site and the long-term follow-up in those cases in which the stent migrated spontaneously or was removed. Out of 30 cases treated with LAMS, EUS-guided anastomosis did not involve the gastric wall in 6 patients. These procedures were technically more challenging as two failures were recorded (2/6, 33%) while technical success was achieved in 100% of the cases in which the stent was placed through the gastric wall. In two of the patients, one with entero-enteric and another with recto-colic anastomosis, stent removal after spontaneous displacement was followed by long term permeability of the EUS-guided anastomosis (172 and 234 days respectively). In a EUS-guided gastroenterostomy the stent was removed at 118 days, but closure of the fistula was confirmed 26 days later. Our experience suggests that LAMS placement between bowel loops is feasible and might allow the creation of an anastomosis with long-term patency. As compared to LAMS placement between bowel loops, when LAMS are placed through the gastric wall, removal of the LAMS seems to lead to closure of the fistula.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Heterocycles by the Aza-Wittig Reaction
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Pedrood Keyvan , Montazer Mohammad Nazari , Larijani Bagher 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe formation of the C=N bond in recent studies on heterocyclic compounds via the aza-Wittig reaction is reviewed. Furthermore, two different strategies for the formation of heterocyclic compounds, including intermolecular and intramolecular aza-Wittig reactions are described. The primary aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the application of the aza-Wittig reaction in the synthesis of a wide range of N-containing heterocyclic compounds in the chemical literature since 2010.1	Introduction2	Mechanism of the Staudinger and Aza-Wittig Reactions3	Intramolecular Aza-Wittig Reaction4	Intermolecular Aza-Wittig Reaction5	Conclusion
Vascularized Pericranial Flap for Endonasal Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction
Authors: Giurintano Jonathan , McDermott Michael W. , El-Sayed Ivan H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction As the limits of advanced skull base malignancies that can be managed through an endoscopic endonasal approach continue to be expanded, the resultant anterior skull base defects are of increasing size and complexity. In the absence of nasoseptal or turbinate flaps, the vascularized pericranial flap has been employed at our institution with excellent results.Objective The study aimed to review the outcomes of patients who underwent endonasal anterior craniofacial resection with anterior skull base reconstruction using a vascularized pericranial flap.Design Retrospective chart review of patients treated by the University of California – San Francisco minimally invasive skull base service from the years 2011 to 2017. Average duration of follow-up was 16.4 months.Setting This study was conducted at Academic tertiary referral center.Participants A total of nine patients with advanced anterior cranial base malignancies were identified who were treated with a minimally invasive, endoscopic anterior craniofacial resection from the years 2011 to 2017. Due to the nature of the resection in these patients, nasoseptal flaps and inferior/middle turbinate flaps were unavailable or insufficient for anterior skull base defect repair. Each patient underwent reconstruction of the anterior cranial base defect using an anteriorly based pericranial flap harvested by bicoronal incision, and tunneled anteriorly to the nasal cavity through a frontoethmoidal incision.