bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Microneedle Patches for Improved Penetration: Analysis, Skin Models and Factors Affecting Needle Insertion
Authors: Makvandi Pooyan , Kirkby Melissa , Hutton Aaron R. J. , Shabani Majid , Yiu Cynthia K. Y. , Baghbantaraghdari Zahra , Jamaledin Rezvan , Carlotti Marco , Mazzolai Barbara , Mattoli Virgilio , Donnelly Ryan F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransdermal microneedle (MN) patches are a promising tool used to transport a wide variety of active compounds into the skin. To serve as a substitute for common hypodermic needles, MNs must pierce the human stratum corneum (~ 10 to 20 µm), without rupturing or bending during penetration. This ensures that the cargo is released at the predetermined place and time. Therefore, the ability of MN patches to sufficiently pierce the skin is a crucial requirement. In the current review, the pain signal and its management during application of MNs and typical hypodermic needles are presented and compared. This is followed by a discussion on mechanical analysis and skin models used for insertion tests before application to clinical practice. Factors that affect insertion (e.g., geometry, material composition and cross-linking of MNs), along with recent advancements in developed strategies (e.g., insertion responsive patches and 3D printed biomimetic MNs using two-photon lithography) to improve the skin penetration are highlighted to provide a backdrop for future research.
Mismatches in the Ecosystem Services Literature—a Review of Spatial, Temporal, and Functional-Conceptual Mismatches
Authors: Winkler Klara J. , Dade Marie C. , Rieb Jesse T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe objective of this review is to identify commonly researched ecosystem service mismatches, including mismatches concerning management and policies implemented to manage ecosystem service delivery. It additionally discusses how mismatches affect the ability to develop effective policies and management guidelines for ecosystem services.Recent FindingsRecent ecosystem service literature considers mismatches in the ecosystem, the social system, and as social-ecological interactions. These mismatches occur over three dimensions: spatial, temporal, and functional-conceptual. The research field incorporates not only ecological aspects but also social ones like the management and governance of ecosystem services. However, the focus of the reviewed literature is mainly on spatial and temporal dimensions of mismatches and the production of scientific knowledge, rather than the implementation of the knowledge in management and policies.SummaryResearch on ecosystem service mismatches reflects the complexity and interconnectedness of social-ecological systems as it encompasses a broad variety of approaches. However, temporal mismatches received less attention than spatial mismatches, especially in regard to social and social-ecological aspects and could be a topic for future research. Furthermore, in order to develop effective policies and management guidelines, research must work closer with decision-makers to not only advance scientific understanding of ecosystem service mismatches but also create understanding and support the uptake of this knowledge.
A Web-Based Interactive Map to Promote Health-Care Facility Flood Preparedness
Authors: Grossman Elena , Hathaway Michelle , Khan Amber , Sambanis Apostolis , Dorevitch Samuel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectives:Little is known about how flood risk of health-care facilities (HCFs) is evaluated by emergency preparedness professionals and HCFs administrators. This study assessed knowledge of emergency preparedness and HCF management professionals regarding locations of floodplains in relation to HCFs. A Web-based interactive map of floodplains and HCF was developed and users of the map were asked to evaluate it.Methods:An online survey was completed by administrators of HCFs and public health emergency preparedness professionals in Illinois, before and after an interactive online map of floodplains and HCFs was provided.Results:Forty Illinois HCFs located in floodplains were identified, including 12 long-term care facilities. Preparedness professionals have limited knowledge of whether local HCFs were in floodplains, and few reported availability of geographic information system (GIS) resources at baseline. Respondents intended to use the interactive map for planning and stakeholder communications.Conclusions:Given that HCFs are located in floodplains, this first assessment of using interactive maps of floodplains and HCFs may promote a shift to reliable data sources of floodplain locations in relation to HCFs. Similar approaches may be useful in other settings.
HOW TO NOT MISS A PRODUCTIVITY REVIVAL ONCE AGAIN
Authors: van Ark Bart , de Vries Klaas , Erumban Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Over the past 15 years, productivity growth in advanced economies has significantly slowed, giving rise to the productivity paradox of the New Digital Economy – that is, the notion of increased business spending on information and communication technology assets and digital services without a noticeable increase in productivity. We argue that time lags are the most important reason for the slow emergence of the productivity effects from digital transformation. This paper provides evidence that underneath the slowing productivity growth rates at the macro level, signs of structural improvements can be detected. In the United States most of the positive contribution to productivity growth is coming from the digital producing sector. The Euro Area and the United Kingdom show larger productivity contributions from the most intensive digital-using sectors, although the United Kingdom also had a fairly large number of less intensive digital-using industries which showed productivity declines. We also find that increases in innovation competencies of the workforce are concentrated in industries showing faster growth in labor productivity, even though more research is needed to identify causality. Finally, we speculate that as the recovery from the COVID-19 recession gets underway the potential for significant productivity gains from digital transformation in the medium term is larger than during the past 15 years.
Physical activity in children and adolescents with CHD: review from a measurement methodological perspective
Authors: Skovdahl Pia , Kjellberg Olofsson Cecilia , Arvidsson Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAim:To compile a literature overview of physical activity in children with CHD and to critically evaluate the methodology used for physical activity assessment.Methods:A review of the literature was performed using PubMed to identify studies examining accelerometer and subjectively assessed physical activity in children and adolescents with CHD.Result:A total of 15 studies were included (6 studies using subjective measures and 9 articles using accelerometers for the assessment of physical activity). The patients generally failed to meet the recommendations of physical activity. When compared to healthy controls, the results were widely divergent in the subjectively assessed measures and the accelerometer-based studies showed a tendency of no difference in physical activity. Neither subjective methods nor accelerometer-based studies reported any difference in physical activity in general, in relation to the severity of the heart disease.Conclusion:Methodological variation and limitations in the assessment of physical activity largely explain the divergent results and the inability to establish differences in physical activity between children with CHD of different severity and compared to healthy controls. Methodological knowledge and guidelines are provided for improved assessment of physical activity using accelerometers in clinical research.
Repeated pregnancies in uncorrected double outlet right ventricle: a rare occurrence
Authors: Sheokand Seema , Manoj Kumar Rohit , Jain Divya , Sikka Pooja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPregnancy in a woman with double outlet right ventricle, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis is presented. Her previous two pregnancies ended in fetal losses. In the current pregnancy, she had thrombocytopenia, placenta previa, and severe fetal growth restriction. She underwent an emergency caesarean section followed by post-partum haemorrhage and COVID-19 infection. Literature review has been performed.
Association of home cooking with caregiver–child interaction and child mental health: results from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study
Authors: Tani Yukako , Doi Satomi , Isumi Aya , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the associations of home cooking with caregiver–child interaction and child mental health in Japan.Design:Cross-sectional data collected in 2018. Frequency of home cooking was assessed by a questionnaire among 4126 caregivers and classified as high (almost every day), medium (4–5 d/week) or low (≤3 d/week). Caregiver–child interaction was evaluated by assessing frequency of talking and playing together (per week). Behaviour problems and prosocial behaviour were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and resilience was assessed using the Children’s Resilient Coping Scale.Setting:Japan.Participants:Children aged 9–10 years and their caregivers in Adachi, Tokyo, Japan.Results:Low and middle frequency of home cooking were associated with lower frequencies of talking about school life, talking about news with the child, talking about television shows with the child and helping with the child’s homework. Children with low and/or middle frequency of home cooking had more behaviour problems (low frequency: β = 3·95, 95 % CI 1·30, 6·59 and medium frequency: β = 3·38, 95 % CI 2·07, 4·70), lower prosocial behaviour (low frequency: β = −5·85, 95 % CI −10·04, −1·66) and lower resilience (low frequency: β = −6·56, 95 % CI −9·77, −3·35 and medium frequency: β = −4·11, 95 % CI −5·71, −2·51), compared with children with high frequency of home cooking after adjusting covariates including socio-economic status. These associations were mediated by child’s eating behaviours and/or caregiver–child interaction.Conclusions:Creating an environment that encourages caregivers to cook at home may be important for children’s mental health.
Increasing dietary calcium intake of children and their parents: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bourne Jessica E , Martin Ginis Kathleen A , Buchholz Andrea C , Schmidtke Skylar , Jung Mary E 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Approximately 25 % of Canadian children aged 4–8 years fail to meet the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium (Ca). Young children’s food choices are primarily determined by their parents. No interventions have directly targeted parents as a medium through which to increase children’s Ca consumption. This study compared the effectiveness of a Ca-specific intervention targeted towards parents, with generic dietary advice on the Ca consumption of children aged 4–10 years.Design:A parallel two-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted.Setting:The study was conducted across Canada. Both conditions received information on the RDA of Ca and an index of intake requirements. Material sent to the intervention condition included behavioural strategies to increase dietary Ca consumption, information on the benefits of dietary Ca intake and messages addressing perceived barriers to the consumption of Ca-rich foods.Participants:A total of 239 parents (93 % mothers) of children aged 4–10 years who consumed less than the RDA of Ca were randomly assigned in a 1:1 allocation ratio.Results:There was a significant increase in total Ca intake and Ca from dairy for children at weeks 8, 34 and 52 (P ≤ 0·001) in both conditions. Parental Ca intake and amount spent on dairy products did not significantly increase following the intervention.Conclusions:Provision of daily Ca requirements with regular reminders could impact parents’ delivery of Ca-rich foods to their children. This finding is important for public health messaging as it suggests that parents are a potent medium through which to promote Ca intake in children.
Dietary inflammatory index and healthy eating index-2015 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jandari Sajedeh , Mosalmanzadeh Negin , Shadmand Foumani Moghadam Mohammad Reza , Soleimani Davood , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R , Jokar Mohammadhassan , Karamati Mohsen , Abedi Samine Sadat , Malek Nafiseh , Rezvani Reza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Many arthritic patients have the belief that dietary habits can worsen or ameliorate their symptoms. Whether diet quality can modify the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an issue of continued scientific debate and interest. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between both overall diet quality and the overall diet inflammatory potential on the risk of RA.Design:Overall diet quality and the overall inflammatory potential of the diet were evaluated with the use of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, respectively. Both DII and HEI-2015 scores were calculated based on a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Multivariable-adjusted odds of RA were calculated across tertiles of HEI, and energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores using binary logistic regression.Setting:Mashhad, Iran.Participants:Fifty newly diagnosed RA cases and 100 well-matched healthy people controls.Results:Individuals in the highest tertile of DII scores, indicating the most pro-inflammatory diet, were about three times more likely to have RA than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 2·99; 95 % CI 1·08, 8·24; P-trend: 0·037), whereas individuals in the highest tertile of HEI scores, indicating more top dietary quality, had a significantly lower odds of RA than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 0·33; 95 % CI 0·12, 0·87; P-trend: 0·024).Conclusions:Our findings show that E-DII and HEI-2015 are positively and negatively associated, respectively, with the odds of RA in a convenience sample of Iranians. These results highlight the importance of overall diet quality in modulating the risk of RA.
Are Dawn Storms Jupiter's Auroral Substorms?
Authors: Bonfond B. , Yao Z. H. , Gladstone G. R. , Grodent D. , Gérard J.‐C. , Matar J. , Palmaerts B. , Greathouse T. K. , Hue V. , Versteeg M. H. , Kammer J. A. , Giles R. S. , Tao C. , Vogt M. F. , Mura A. , Adriani A. , Mauk B. H. , Kurth W. S. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDawn storms are among the brightest events in the Jovian aurorae. Up to now, they had only been observed from Earth‐based observatories, only showing the Sun‐facing side of the planet. Here, we show for the first time global views of the phenomenon, from its initiation to its end and from the nightside of the aurora onto the dayside. Based on Juno's first 20 orbits, some patterns now emerge. Small short‐lived spots are often seen a couple of hours before the main emission starts to brighten and evolve from a straight arc to a more irregular one in the midnight sector. As the whole feature rotates dawn‐ward, the arc then separates into two arcs with a central initially void region that is progressively filled with emissions. A gap in longitude then often forms before the whole feature dims. Finally, it transforms into an equatorward‐moving patch of auroral emissions associated with plasma injection signatures. Some dawn storms remain weak and never fully develop. We also found cases of successive dawn storms within a few hours. Dawn storms thus share many fundamental features with the auroral signatures of the substorms at Earth, despite the substantial differences between the dynamics of the magnetosphere at the two planets.
New Results on the Direct Observations of Thermal Radio Emission from a Solar Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Ramesh R. , Kumari A. , Kathiravan C. , Ketaki D. , Wang T. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report observations of thermal emission from the frontal structure of a coronal mass ejection (CME) using data obtained with the Gauribidanur RAdioheliograPH simultaneously at 80 and 53 MHz on May 1, 2016. The CME was due to activity on the far side of the Sun, but near its limb. No nonthermal radio burst activity was noticed. This provided an opportunity to observe the faint thermal radio emission from the CME, and hence directly estimate the electron density, mass, and magnetic field strength of the plasma entrained in the CME. Considering that CMEs are mostly observed only in whitelight and reports on their plasma characteristics are also limited, the rare direct radio observations of thermal emission from a CME and independent diagnosis of its plasma parameters are important measurements in the field of CME physics.
Linking the Different Diameter Types of Aspherical Desert Dust Indicates That Models Underestimate Coarse Dust Emission
Authors: Huang Yue , Adebiyi Adeyemi A. , Formenti Paola , Kok Jasper F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMeasurements of dust aerosol size usually obtain the optical or projected area‐equivalent diameters, whereas model calculations of dust impacts use the geometric or aerodynamic diameters. Accurate conversions between the four diameter types are thus critical. However, most current conversions assume dust is spherical, even though numerous studies show that dust is highly aspherical. Here, we obtain conversions between different diameter types that account for dust asphericity. Our conversions indicate that optical particle counters have underestimated dust geometric diameter (Dgeo) at coarse sizes. We further use the diameter conversions to obtain a consistent observational constraint on the size distribution of emitted dust. This observational constraint is coarser than parameterizations used in global aerosol models, which underestimate the mass of emitted dust within 10 ≤ Dgeo ≤ 20 μm by a factor of ∼2 and usually do not account for the substantial dust emissions with Dgeo ≥ 20 μm. Our findings suggest that models substantially underestimate coarse dust emission.
High‐Precision U‐Pb Zircon Dating of Late Magmatism in the Samail Ophiolite: A Record of Subduction Initiation
Authors: Rioux Matthew , Garber Joshua M. , Searle Michael , Kelemen Peter , Miyashita Sumio , Adachi Yoshiko , Bowring Samuel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the tectonic setting in which ophiolites form is necessary to determine how they can be used to study ocean spreading and subduction zone processes. Here, we present high‐precision U‐Pb zircon dates and Sm‐Nd isotopic data from two late magmatic series in the Samail ophiolite in Oman and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which constrain its tectonic development. Volcanic rocks in the ophiolite record a progression from MORB‐like V1 lavas to subduction‐related V2 lavas. Plutonic rocks related to V2 magmatism yielded 206Pb/238U dates of 95.557 ± 0.063–95.289 ± 0.067 Ma. A second late magmatic series consists of felsic dikes and sills that intermittently intrude the upper mantle and are attributed to melting of a subducting slab. These dikes in Oman range from 95.201 ± 0.032 to 94.95 ± 0.10 Ma, with εNd(t) = −5.05 to −1.63. A single dike, attributed to V2 magmatism, has a higher εNd(t) = 7.35 and a date of 95.478 ± 0.032 Ma. Similar intrusions in the UAE are younger, ranging from 94.119 ± 0.057 to 90.998 ± 0.052 Ma. Our new and existing data indicate the following timeline of ophiolite formation during subduction initiation: (1) Initial sole metamorphism at ≥96.2 Ma; (2) Formation of the crust through primarily decompression‐related V1 magmatism from 96.1 to 95.6 Ma; (3) V2 magmatism related to H2O‐fluxed mantle melting from 95.6 to 95.2 Ma; and (4) Intrusion of slab‐derived felsic dikes from 95.2 to 95.0 Ma. The temporal progression of magmatism is similar to the timescales of subduction initiation predicted by geodynamic models and observed in the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana forearc.
MPS‐Based Model to Solve One‐Dimensional Shallow Water Equations
Authors: Sarkhosh Payam , Jin Yee‐Chung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, a moving particle simulation method is presented to spatially integrate the cross‐sectional average shallow water equations using a prediction‐correction procedure for the time discretization. A density‐ratio equation is derived for the water depth computation according to the particle number density concept. The newly derived equation does not miscalculate the water depth in case an incorrect searching radius parameter is adopted, unlike the typical volume‐summation formula in meshless shallow water flows. A new one‐dimensional Spiky kernel function is developed to satisfy the unity condition employed in the Newton‐Raphson iteration to calculate the water depth. Dynamic stabilization is adopted to capture shockwave problems, a case‐independent technique based on the inelastic collision with unequal masses. The convective flux term is eliminated under the Lagrangian framework, and so the momentum is adequately conserved without the need for any special treatment. The proposed scheme maintains the exact C‐property, meaning that the water depth gradient and bed slope are hydrostatically well balanced within a discretized solution domain. Compared to analytical solutions and experimental data, the results of this study reveal that the present model is a robust numerical solver without unphysical oscillations. It can capture various shock problems, including steep gradient shock‐front, discontinuous wet bed, transcritical flow regimes, and irregular bed topography. The present model can also simulate the dry‐wet flow transition influenced by friction without experiencing any divisions by zero, negative values, or unphysical perturbations. This advantage is basically due to the water particles' absence and presence for the dry and wet regions, respectively.
Self-sustainable and recyclable ternary Au@Cu2O–Ag nanocomposites: application in ultrasensitive SERS detection and highly efficient photocatalysis of organic dyes under visible light
Authors: Wu Tong , Zheng Hui , Kou Yichuan , Su Xinyue , Kadasala Naveen Reddy , Gao Ming , Chen Lei , Han Donglai , Liu Yang , Yang Jinghai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTernary noble metal–semiconductor nanocomposites (NCs) with core–shell–satellite nanostructures have received widespread attention due to their outstanding performance in detecting pollutants through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and photodegradation of organic pollutants. In this work, ternary Au@Cu2O–Ag NCs were designed and prepared by a galvanic replacement method. The effect of different amounts of Ag nanocrystals adsorbed on the surfaces of Au@Cu2O on the SERS activity was investigated based on the SERS detection of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) reporter molecules. Based on electromagnetic field simulations and photoluminescence (PL) results, a possible SERS enhancement mechanism was proposed and discussed. Moreover, Au@Cu2O–Ag NCs served as SERS substrates, and highly sensitive SERS detection of malachite green (MG) with a detection limit as low as 10−9 M was achieved. In addition, Au@Cu2O–Ag NCs were recycled due to their superior self-cleaning ability and could catalyze the degradation of MG driven by visible light. This work demonstrates a wide range of possibilities for the integration of recyclable SERS detection and photodegradation of organic dyes and promotes the development of green testing techniques.