bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESRP1 as a prognostic factor of non‐small‐cell lung cancer is related to the EMT transcription factor of Twist
Authors: Cui Jieda , Ren Peng , Li Yan , Ma Yunfan , Wang Jingdi , Lin Chutong , Jing Liang , Tong Xuexia , Ma Shaohua , Chen Juan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common fatal cancers in the world. Although the treatment of NSCLC has been significantly improved, there is still an unmet need to identify novel targets for developing therapeutic agents and diagnostic/prognostic markers. The aim of this study is explore the role and underlying mechanism of the epithelial splicing regulatory protein (ESRP1) in the development and progression of NSCLC.MethodsA total of 115 participants, 65 cases of NSCLC, 20 cases of precancerous lesions, and 30 cases of benign lung nodules, were included in this study. The expressions of ESRP1 and related transcription factor Twist in enrolled lung tissues were evaluated by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry assay. The survival analysis and related prognosis factors were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression. In addition, the expression of ESRP1 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)related transcription factor Twist and EMT markers E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin were ascertained by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting assay on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines that were exposed to transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1).ResultsCompared with normal lung tissues, the abundance of ESRP1 protein was significantly increased in precancerous lesions and lung cancer. Correlation analysis demonstrated that ESRP1 was an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC. The expression of ESRP1 and Twist was positively correlated in lung tissues (r = 0.285, p < 0.001). In vitro analysis further showed that TGFβ1 could upregulate the expression of EMT transcription factor Twist while downregulating ESRP1.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the aberrant expression of ESRP1 is an early event in the development of NSCLC. The ESRP1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker for NSCLC, particularly when combined with Twist. The Twist negatively regulated the expression of ESRP1, emphasizing the role of the TGFβ/ESRP1 pathway in the development of NSCLC, which warrants further investigation.
Drinking reduction during cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder is associated with a reduction in anterior insula‐bed nucleus of the stria terminalis resting‐state functional connectivity
Authors: Srivastava A. Benjamin , Sanchez‐Peña Juan , Levin Frances R. , Mariani John J. , Patel Gaurav H. , Naqvi Nasir H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundConnectivity between the anterior insula (AI) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) may play a role in negative emotions that drive compulsive drinking in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized that reductions in drinking during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), an effective treatment that teaches regulation (coping) skills for managing negative emotions during abstinence, would be associated with reductions in resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the AI and the BNST.MethodsWe included 18 patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition diagnosis of AUD who were (1) seeking treatment and (2) drinking heavily at baseline. We measured RSFC as Pearson's correlation between the BNST and multiple regions of interest in the insula at baseline and after completion of 12 weeks of a single‐arm clinical trial of outpatient CBT. We also assessed the number of heavy drinking days over the previous 28 days (NHDD) at both time points. We used 1‐sample t‐tests to evaluate AI‐BNST RSFC at baseline, paired t‐tests to evaluate changes in AI‐BNST RSFC from pre‐CBT to post‐CBT, and linear regression to evaluate the relationship between changes in AI‐BNST RSFC and NHDD.ResultsWe found a significant positive RSFC between the AI and the BNST at baseline (p = 0.0015). While there were no significant changes in AI‐BNST RSFC from pre‐ to post‐CBT at the group level (p = 0.42), we found that individual differences in reductions in AI‐BNST RSFC from pre‐ to post‐CBT were directly related to reductions in NHDD from pre‐ to post‐CBT (r = 0.73, p = 0.0008).ConclusionsThese findings provide preliminary evidence that reduced AI‐BNST RSFC may be a mechanism of drinking reduction in AUD and that AI‐BNST RSFC may be a target for CBT and possibly other treatments.
Social decision making in severe alcohol use disorder: Scoping review and experimental perspectives
Authors: Gautier Mado , Pabst Arthur , Maurage Pierre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) demonstrate multifaceted impairments in social cognition abilities, including emotional decoding or Theory of Mind. Such impairments are associated with real‐life interpersonal difficulties, which in turn could contribute to the persistence of SAUD. However, little is known regarding how patients with SAUD make decisions in a social context and this literature has not been comprehensively reviewed.ObjectivesThe main aim of this paper was to conduct the first review specifically focusing on social decision‐making abilities in SAUD. Following PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, we describe existing knowledge regarding the difficulties experienced by patients with SAUD during social interactions. Our second objective was to propose perspectives for future research, based on the shortcomings identified in the available literature.DesignWe searched three online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus) and identified 14 papers using behavioral tasks to assess social decision making in patients with SAUD.ResultsIncluded studies assessed social decision making through three paradigms: (1) economic games (four papers), (2) moral dilemmas (four papers), and (3) interpersonal problem‐solving (six papers). Results indicated that patients with SAUD behave differently from controls in all three paradigms.ConclusionsPrevious studies suggested large‐scale social decision‐making impairments or biases in SAUD. However, in light of the limited number of studies available and of the restricted set of processes measured, we call for the extension of this field through more ecologically relevant and model‐based paradigms in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.
The effect of alcohol on mood among males drinking with a platonic friend
Authors: Bowdring Molly A. , Sayette Michael A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the social nature of most drinking experiences, prior work has largely failed to incorporate social context into the study of alcohol's effects on emotion. The present study provides an initial test of the effect of alcohol on mood among platonic friends drinking together in a non‐stress setting. We hypothesized that subjects would report more positive postdrink mood after consuming alcohol than after consuming a nonalcoholic control beverage.MethodsDyads of platonic male friends (n = 36; 55.55% White, 38.88% Asian, 5.55% Black) attended two laboratory‐based experimental sessions, wherein their drink conditions (alcohol vs. no alcohol control) were randomized by dyad and counter‐balanced across sessions. They reported their mood before and after consuming their beverages together, using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and an 8‐item mood measure.ResultsAs hypothesized, alcohol enhanced positive mood ( = 0.26, p < 0.01). Although in the expected direction, the effect of alcohol on negative mood was not significant ( = −0.12, p = 0.17). Post hoc analyses revealed that alcohol yielded greater increases in both stimulation (, p = 0.00) and sedation (, p = 0.00) as compared to the control condition.ConclusionThis study highlights the positive mood‐enhancing and broader subjective effects of alcohol when drinking with a platonic friend and encourages further consideration of friendship contexts in the examination of alcohol's effects when developing models of the etiology of alcohol use disorder.
Predicting disordered gambling across adolescence and young adulthood from polygenic contributions to Big 5 personality traits in a UK birth cohort
Authors: Spychala Kellyn M. , Gizer Ian R. , Davis Christal N. , Dash Genevieve F. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Slutske Wendy S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious research has demonstrated phenotypical associations between disordered gambling (DG) and Big 5 personality traits, and a twin study suggested that shared genetic influences accounted for a substantial portion of this relation. The present study examined associations between DG and polygenic scores (PSs) for Big 5 traits to measure the shared genetic underpinnings of Big 5 personality traits and DG.DesignZero‐inflated negative binomial regression models estimated associations between Big 5 PSs and past‐year and life‐time assessments of DG in a longitudinally assessed population‐based birth cohort.SettingUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsA total of 4729 unrelated children of European ancestry from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) with both phenotypical and genetic data.MeasurementsPhenotypical outcomes included past‐year assessment of DG using the problem gambling severity index (PGSI) and life‐time assessment of DSM‐IV pathological gambling symptoms (DPG) across the ages of 17, 20 and 24 years. Polygenic scores were derived for the Big 5 personality traits of agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism using summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS).FindingsPSs for agreeableness [β= − 0.25, standard error (SE) = 0.054, P = 3.031e‐6, ΔR2 = 0.008] and neuroticism (β=0.14, SE = 0.046, P = 0.0017, ΔR2 = 0.002) significantly predicted PGSI scores over and above included covariates (i.e. sex and first five ancestral principal components). PSs for agreeableness (β= − 0.20, SE = 0.056, P = 0.00036, ΔR2 = 0.003) and neuroticism, when interactions with age were taken into account (β = 0.29, SE = 0.090, P = 0.002, ΔR2 = 0.004), also predicted DPG scores.ConclusionsPolygenic contributions to low agreeableness and high neuroticism appear to predict two measures of disordered gambling (problem gambling severity index and life‐time assessment of DSM‐IV pathological gambling symptoms). Polygenic scores for neuroticism interact with age to suggest that the positive association becomes stronger from adolescence through young adulthood.
Standing out in a crowd: Intraspecific variability in dorsal patterning allows for photo‐identification of a threatened anuran
Authors: Gould John , Callen Alex , Maynard Cassandra , Knibb Gregory , Mcgregor Jessica , Gill Lucy , Sanders Samantha , Davies Bryce , Schmahl Kate , Donelly Rachael , Turner Aaron , Mchenry Colin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndividuals within amphibian populations are commonly identified using artificial marking techniques, such as toe clipping and microchipping. However, many species in this group may be strong candidates for visual identification from photographs given intraspecific variability in skin features. We investigated the potential for dorsal skin patterns to be used as natural markers for the photo‐identification of both juveniles and adults of the green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea). This is a threatened species that has come under intense population monitoring using capture‐mark‐recapture procedures primarily involving the use of artificial markers, with no apparent investigation of the potential for natural markers to be used instead. We collected photographs of marked individuals to determine the level of intraspecific variability in dorsal patterning within a population. This photo‐database was subsequently used to create an online survey in which participants were asked to match separate images of query frogs from small image pools by comparing dorsal patterns. Photographs were taken on a smartphone device under field conditions to test whether this technique could be applied to the study of wild populations with little cost or expertise required. We showed that dorsal patterns are clear and distinct among L. aurea individuals and easily visualised from field‐acquired images to detect recapture events by eye with a low error rate. While an overwhelming majority of adults possessed dorsal patterning that can be easily distinguished by eye, juveniles often showed a complete absence of patterning, suggesting that photo‐identification may be more effective for adult stages. Nevertheless, we highlight the feasibility of collecting visual information on the natural markings of a threatened anuran, providing evidence that it may be used as a supplementary form of identification alongside more traditional techniques, highlighting a potential direction for the future monitoring of this species.
Clinical pathways for the evidence‐based management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in a residential aged care facility: A rapid review
Authors: Kennedy Kate J , Forsythe Deborah , Wagner Joanne , Eckert Marion 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to identify a clinical pathway, or practice guidelines to inform a clinical pathway, for the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsFifteen evidence sources were searched, and publications were appraised for methodological quality.ResultsSeven publications met the inclusion criteria, but no clinical pathways were found. These publications emphasised prevention via respectful, person‐centred care; non‐pharmacological interventions prioritised; and potential dangers of antipsychotic use. Pharmacological management was only recommended: when there is a high risk of harm; as a short‐term option, to be regularly monitored and discontinued as soon as possible; and used in conjunction with investigation into the causes of BPSD and the introduction of non‐pharmacological therapies.ConclusionThis rapid review provided high‐quality, current guidelines and recommendations on the prevention and management of BPSD that can inform the development of an evidence‐based clinical pathway for use in Australian RACFs.
Analyst Coverage and the Market Valuation of Capitalized versus Expensed R&D*
Authors: Kim Yewon , Cho Hyungjin , Yang Seunghee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate the information benefits from R&D capitalization by focusing on the role of financial analysts in mitigating information asymmetry. Using a large sample of Korean firms, we find a positive association between analyst coverage and the market valuation of expensed R&D indicating that an analyst's activities can help investors to understand the implications of R&D investments. In contrast, analyst coverage does not significantly improve the valuation of capitalized R&D, suggesting that capitalization itself mitigates information asymmetry between firms and investors. We also find that our results are relevant only for firms with fewer alternative sources of information and firms unaffiliated with business groups.
We are (not) monkeys
Authors: CHAO SOPHIE 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn 2019 anti‐racism protests erupted across the Indonesian‐controlled region of West Papua. Organized largely by Papuan students, the protests expressed Papuans’ frustration with their oppression at the hands of the Indonesian state. During the protests, Papuan demonstrators repurposed the racialized figure of the monkey—a species routinely deployed in Indonesian discourse to deprecate Papuans as primitive and backward. In doing so, they harnessed the monkey's animality to support their demands for emancipation from Indonesian rule and to redeem nonhuman beings as consequential and meaningful entities in their own right. In this context, the monkey as political symbol undermined, legitimized, and enabled processes of collective identification among Indigenous activists. The animal's symbolic mobilization in turn foregrounded the more‐than‐human dimensions of Papuans’ struggle for sovereignty—one in which humans and nonhumans sit in alternately indexical or antithetical relation to each other as contested cosmopolitical actors and world makers. [racism, political symbols, monkeys, cosmopolitics, sovereignty, West Papua, Indonesia]
Highly sensitive duplex MSI test and BAT40 germline polymorphism
Authors: Kang So Young , Kim Kyoung‐Mee 
Published: August 2021

Tumors exhibiting DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and microsatellite instability (MSI) are responsive to immune checkpoint blockade. MSI is frequently diagnosed using five quasimonomorphic mononucleotide (pentaplex) markers; however, the assays have several technical limitations, including the lack of sensitivity of some of the markers. Although markers with increased sensitivity, such as CAT25 and BAT40, have been introduced, the majority of multiplex MSI tests have only been studied in Western populations and require further evaluation in an Asian cohort.This study tested the efficacy of BAT26, CAT25, and BAT40 mononucleotide MSI markers via triplex PCR on 300 samples from patients with advanced cancers from a Korean clinical population. The results were directly compared with those of a pentaplex MSI test and tumor mutation burden (TMB) status, and an additional 60 MSI‐H cancers were used for further validation.Four (1.3%) out of 300 advanced tumors were MSI‐high (MSI‐H). In the pentaplex PCR assay, two colorectal cancers (0.7%) exhibited instability only with the BAT25 mononucleotide marker and were interpreted as MSI‐low (MSI‐L). In the triplex PCR assay, BAT40 was unstable in 64 cases (21%) and the results did not overlap with those of MSI‐L from pentaplex. Given the high frequency of isolated BAT40 instability, we performed the same triplex PCR with DNA obtained from normal controls and found BAT40 polymorphisms in 37 cases (90%). Interestingly, the median TMB of the cases with BAT40 polymorphism was significantly higher (7.0 mt/Mb) than that of BAT40 wild‐type cases (5.5 mt/Mb) (p = 0.003). The triplex PCR results from 60 additional MSI‐H cancers correlated perfectly (100%) with those of pentaplex PCR, and the results were consistent for two (BAT26 and CAT25) markers.BAT40 germline polymorphism is common in the Korean population and is associated with higher TMB values. The simple duplex (BAT26 and CAT25) MSI test provided the same sensitivity and specificity as pentaplex PCR tests.
In‐ovo imaging using ostrich eggs—Evaluation of physiological embryonal development on computed tomography
Authors: Winkens Thomas , Christl Anna , Kuehnel Christian , Ndum Ferdinand , Seifert Philipp , Greiser Julia , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn‐ovo imaging using ostrich eggs has been described as a potential alternative to common animal testing. This approach is independent from small animal imaging devices as ostrich eggs provide good image quality on computed tomography (CT), MRI or PET scanners used in clinical routine examinations. However, questions regarding physiological development and systematic evaluation of image quality are open. This study aims at describing physiological development of ostrich embryos on serial CT scans. One hundred eggs (63 fertilized and 37 non‐fertilized) were artificially incubated for 37 days. On developmental days (DD) 0, 10, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34 and 37, CT scans were performed using a Siemens Biograph mCT40. Density of yolk, albumen and shell as well as volumes of air cell, egg content and egg shell were determined. In fertilized eggs, the size of different osseous structures was investigated. Detection of embryonal development was technically successful in 100%. Distinguishing of fertilized and non‐fertilized eggs is achieved as early as DD 22. After that, continuous development is depicted and osseous structures become visible on DD 25. Ostrich eggs might open the door for preclinical imaging studies if small animal imaging devices are not available. This study contributes to the implementation of ostrich eggs as an alternative to common animal testing.
Drug tolerability: How much ambiguity can be tolerated? A systematic review of the assessment of tolerability in clinical studies
Authors: Stanulović Vid , Hodolic Marina , Mitsikostas Dimos D. , Papadopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: August 2021

AimsDrug tolerability refers to the degree to which drugs' overt adverse effects can be tolerated by patients. The tolerability profile is of comparative importance to its efficacy and safety, as it largely determines adherence to treatment and ultimately treatment success or failure. However, the term is frequently used imprecisely, and it is unclear if tolerability is limited to subjective patient‐reported symptoms or also covers certain objective signs and findings. The aim of this systematic review was to assess how clinical studies define, evaluate and present drug tolerability.MethodsThe study consisted of a systematic review of clinical studies in PubMed® reporting the term “tolerability”.ResultsEighty clinical studies were screened and 56 studies reporting drug tolerability were retained. None of the retained studies defined events encompassed by the term tolerability by making a distinction between safety and tolerability. Twenty‐five studies claimed to evaluate tolerability, but none of them described how to evaluate tolerability from the patient perspective. Most studies (54 out of 56) concluded that the treatment was well tolerated, apparently implying favourable safety. However, none of them actually presented tolerability in terms of a contrast between safety and tolerability.ConclusionsTolerability is used frequently, albeit incorrectly, to refer to a drug's favourable safety profile. Focused evaluation of drug tolerability (i.e., the patient perspective of adverse drug reactions) should become routine. Presentation in regulatory documents, such as risk management plan summaries, product information and patient leaflets should be a continuation of the process of patient‐centred healthcare.
Joint association and classification analysis of multi‐view data
Authors: Zhang Yunfeng , Gaynanova Irina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMulti‐view data, which is matched sets of measurements on the same subjects, have become increasingly common with advances in multi‐omics technology. Often, it is of interest to find associations between the views that are related to the intrinsic class memberships. Existing association methods cannot directly incorporate class information, while existing classification methods do not take into account between‐views associations. In this work, we propose a framework for Joint Association and Classification Analysis of multi‐view data (JACA). Our goal is not to merely improve the misclassification rates, but to provide a latent representation of high‐dimensional data that is both relevant for the subtype discrimination and coherent across the views. We motivate the methodology by establishing a connection between canonical correlation analysis and discriminant analysis. We also establish the estimation consistency of JACA in high‐dimensional settings. A distinct advantage of JACA is that it can be applied to the multi‐view data with block‐missing structure, that is to cases where a subset of views or class labels is missing for some subjects. The application of JACA to quantify the associations between RNAseq and miRNA views with respect to consensus molecular subtypes in colorectal cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas project leads to improved misclassification rates and stronger found associations compared to existing methods.