bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everolimus-induced effector mechanism in macrophages and survivability of Erdman, CDC1551 and HN878 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Cao Ruoqiong , To Kimberly , Kachour Nala , Beever Abrianna , Owens James , Sathananthan Airani , Singh Pooja , Kolloli Afsal , Subbian Selvakumar , Venketaraman Vishwanath 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With a disease as widespread and destructive as tuberculosis, more effective drugs and healthcare strategies, in addition to the current antibiotics regimen, are crucial for the enhanced well-being of millions of people suffering from the disease. Host-directed therapy is a new and emerging concept in treating chronic infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis. Repurposing of anti-cancer drugs, such as everolimus, may be an effective way to supplement the standard antibiotic treatment. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are increasingly susceptible to co-morbidities and co-infections including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. We demonstrated in this study that in vitro everolimus treatment of granulomas from individuals with type 2 diabetes caused significant reduction in the viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Further investigations revealed the effects of everolimus in targeting foamy macrophages, a macrophage phenotype that forms around granulomas, and is characterized by a higher lipid accumulation inside the cells. These foamy macrophages are thought to harbor dormant bacilli, which are potential sources of disease reactivation. Therefore, blocking foamy macrophage formation would help better killing of intracellular bacteria. Here, we report the potential of everolimus treatment to downregulate lipid content within the foamy macrophages of in vitro granulomas, thus leading to a potential decrease in the number of foamy macrophages and a more robust response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Design and implementation of microstrip array antenna for intelligent transportation systems application
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Kumar Arun , Sur Samarendra Nath , Bera Rabindranath , Maji Bansibadan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a design and implementation of array Microstrip Patch antenna of configuration 2 × 2 at an operating frequency of 3.5 GHz. The proposed design takes a dimension of 80 mm × 92 mm × 1.6 mm with four radiating elements arranged in rectangular form with an optimized separation between the patches. All the radiating elements were connected through a corporate series network with an inset feed to have better impedance matching. The model gives an efficiency of 90.99% with a bandwidth of 510 MHz and with fractal configuration, the bandwidth further enhances to 1.12 GHz. The maximum gain measured was found as 11.01 dBi at θ = 10° and ɸ = 360° and 10.45 dBi with fractal configuration. The designed antenna is proposed to be used in RADAR which will be used in the intelligent transportation system for the detection of nearby (short-range) vehicles in the blind zone. This kind of Radar also finds its application in collision avoidance and activating airbags/break boosting and thus helping mankind by saving lives. The article gives an idea of the use of an array antenna in intelligent transportation system for better gain and efficient results.
An ultra-wideband rectangular ring dielectric resonator antenna integrated with hybrid shaped patch for wireless applications
Authors: Vasisht Parikshit , Mark Robert , Chattoraj Neela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A new wideband omni-directional compact rectangular ring dielectric resonator antenna (RRDRA) fused with slotted bevel shaped patch antenna is presented for the ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The RRDR (rectangular ring dielectric resonator) is employed to generate lower order radiating modes with merge with the modes of patch to obtain high impedance bandwidth in UWB region. Further, RRDR use led to reduction in overall conductor loss to achieve high radiation efficiency. The proposed RRDRA structure achieved an impedance bandwidth covering the frequency range from 2.6–15.6 GHz, or ∼142%. The measured results show that the proposed DRA provides peak measured gain of 6.2 dBi and radiation efficiency of 90% at resonant frequency 6.3 GHz with stable omni-directional monopole like radiation patterns with low cross-polarization. The proposed antenna has a short ground plane of size 40 × 40 × 11.6 mm3 or ∼0.34λ
0 × 0.34λ
0 × 0.10λ
0 at 2.6 GHz.
Antike und moderne Propaganda
Authors: Meister Jan B. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Propaganda des faschistischen Italiens setzte die Antike prominent in Szene. Diese Instrumentalisierung der Antike in moderner Propaganda hatte sehr konkrete Rückwirkungen auf das Bild, das man sich von der Antike machte. Teilweise direkt unter dem Eindruck faschistischer Propaganda begannen damals Altertumswissenschaftler, moderne Propaganda in der Antike zu erkennen: Antiken Texten und Monumenten wurde nun eine ganz andere Wirkungskraft und -absicht zugeschrieben als noch in den Jahrzehnten zuvor. Die zeitbedingten Anachronismen sind offenkundig, doch die faschistische Inszenierung der Antike offenbarte eine Wirkungsmöglichkeit antiker Monumente, die man so vorher nicht gesehen hatte und die nicht per se ‚falsch‘ ist. Dass dabei die römische Kaiserzeit im Vordergrund stand, ist bezeichnend: Die auffallende Omnipräsenz von Bildern, der Fokus der Repräsentation auf städtische Räume und die besonders ausgeprägte Zuspitzung dieser Repräsentation auf die Person des Herrschers ließen die römische Kaiserzeit innerhalb der Vormoderne für moderne Anachronismen besonders anschlussfähig erscheinen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der modernen Übertragung des Propagandabegriffs auf die Antike zielt daher nicht bloß auf eine Offenlegung von Anachronismen, sondern kann als heuristisches Instrument den Blick für die Besonderheit der Antike innerhalb der Vormoderne schärfen.
Linguistic occupation segregation along the U.S.–Mexico border: using the index of dissimilarity to measure inequality in employment among monolingual speakers and Spanish–English bilinguals
Authors: Morales Maria Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The U.S.–Mexico border is a Latina/o concentrated region and Spanish–English bilingual society. While there are some indications of an economic advantage associated with Spanish–English bilingualism in regions with over-representations of Spanish-origin speakers, the degree of occupational linguistic segregation in such ethno-linguistic context is unknown. Based on data from the American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) for 2018, this study calculates the occupational dissimilarity index (D) among monolingual-Spanish speakers, Spanish–English bilinguals, and monolingual-English speakers for cities located along the Texas–Mexico border and in the Houston metropolis. Findings show that the highest occupational segregation is found between monolingual-Spanish speakers and both monolingual-English and Spanish–English bilinguals. This indicates that the monolingual-Spanish workforce is occupationally segregated from those with fluent command of English. The lowest occupation dissimilarity indices are between Spanish–English bilinguals and monolingual-English speakers, indicating that these groups are approaching similar occupational placements. I conclude by highlighting an occupational advantage to Spanish–English bilingualism, but only in border cities characterised by concentrations of Spanish-origin speakers. In the non-border city of Houston, being Spanish–English bilingual is not enough to experience occupational upward mobility.
Das Arbeitsrecht der Kirchen im Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen
Authors: Kreß Hartmut 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die christlichen Kirchen sind in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nach dem staatlichen öffentlichen Dienst die größten Arbeitgeber. Dies betrifft insbesondere das Gesundheits- und Sozialwesen. Nach der Gründung der Bundesrepublik haben die Kirchen ein eigenes individuelles und kollektives Arbeitsrecht aufgebaut, das in wichtigen Punkten vom staatlichen Recht abweicht. In der Weimarer Republik hatten die staatlichen Arbeitsgesetze hingegen auch für sie gegolten. Seit den 1950er Jahren stützen sie die Sonderbestimmungen ihres eigenen Arbeitsrechts darauf, dass ihre Beschäftigten sich in einer „Dienstgemeinschaft“ befinden. Dieser Begriff entstammt der Rechtsordnung des NS-Staats. Der Aufsatz geht auf derzeitige rechtliche Kontroversen ein und kritisiert, dass die Kirchen sich zu extensiv auf ihr korporatives Selbstbestimmungsrecht berufen. Zurzeit betonen sie den religiösen Charakter der von ihnen getragenen Einrichtungen des Gesundheits- und Sozialwesens zum Teil noch stärker als zuvor. Für die Zukunft zeichnet sich die Notwendigkeit gesetzlicher Eingrenzungen ab.
Shifting Ethical Boundaries in Forensic Use of DNA
Authors: Samuel Gabrielle , Prainsack Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper we explore shifts in how the law and ethics allow European law enforcement officers to use forensic genetic technologies. We do so by reviewing three technologies, ‘traditional’ (STR-based) forensic DNA profiling, forensic DNA phenotyping and the searching of genetic genealogy databases. In particular, we discuss changes in how ethical boundaries have been placed around what is seen as an appropriate use of genetic technologies in European criminal justice systems. While the ‘type’ of DNA that law enforcement officers are permitted to analyse offers a useful ethical reference point, for newer forensic genomic technologies, ethical scrutiny, we argue, would also look at the specific purpose or use of the technology.
Konsep Kesejahteraan Dalam Pemekaran Wilayah Desa Menurut Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah dan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa
Authors: Bahri Samsul , Rambe Mara Sutan 
Published: June 2021

Kesejahteraan merupakan impian dan harapan bagi setiap manusia yang hidup di muka bumi ini, dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya, manusia tidak akan mampu menyelesaikannya atau memperolehnya tanpa bantuan orang lain, sebagaimana yang ditegaskan oleh Ibnu Khaldun (1994: 45) Namun jaminan itu tidak diberikan dengan tanpa usaha, sebagaimana yang telah dijelaskan Allah dalam Surat Ar Ra’d ayat 11 “Sesungguhnya Allah tidak merubah keadaan sesuatu kaum sehingga mereka merubah keadaan yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri”.Bagi pemerintah kesejahteraan seringkali diukur dengan nilai GNP perkapita, yang merupakan rasio perbandingan antara nilai GNP dengan jumlah penduduk, desa yang otonom akan memberi ruang gerak yang luas pada perencanaan pembangunan yang merupakan kebutuhan masyarakat dan tidak terbebani oleh program-program kerja dari berbagai instansi pemerintah.Adapun Penulis merumuskan masalah dalm skripsi ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana konsep kesejahteraan dalam pemekaran wilayah desa menurut perspektif Fiqh Siyasah (2) Bagaimana konsep kesejahteraan dalam pemekaran wilayah desa menurut Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa.Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, yaitu memberikan gambaran tentang Konsep Kesejahteraan Dalam Fiqh Siyasah Terhadap Pemerintah Desa Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa.Kesimpulan (1) Aspek-aspek yang sering dijadikan sebagai indicator untuk mengukur kesejahteraan masyarakat adalah pendapatan, kependudukan, kesehatan, pendidikan, ketenagakerjaan, konsumsi, perumahan, dan social budaya. (2) Konsep kesejahteraan bisa terlaksana dengan baik jika ada koordinasi dan kerja sama anatara aparatur desa, Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dan tokoh masyarakat. Kata kunci: Desa, Msyarakat, Kesejahteraan,Undang-Undang
Patient Portal Activation and Use in Hospitalized Children at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Wood Kelly E. , Greene Heather R. , Krasowski Matthew D. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:Electronic health records are becoming increasingly common tools for storing and sharing patient health information. Many vendors offer patient “portals” as a way for patients and/or proxies to view test results and communicate with their health care teams. Few researchers have looked at patient portals in the inpatient pediatric population. Our objectives were to describe portal activation and use and factors associated with these end points for hospitalized children.METHODS:Retrospective, single-center study of pediatric patients birth through 17 years old who had at least one hospital admission and one or more inpatient diagnostic test performed between January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. Portal use was defined as viewing one or more test result. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed the association between patient characteristics and portal account activation and use.RESULTS:A total of 5862 patients with 170 685 diagnostic test results were included. A total of 40.9% of patients had an activated account, and 20.3% viewed one or more test result. Factors associated with an increased odds of portal activation and/or use included English as preferred language, white race, commercial insurance, multiple admissions, previous outpatient testing, and having both laboratory and imaging inpatient studies performed.CONCLUSIONS:In this study, we highlight the underuse of the patient portal in the inpatient pediatric population, especially for patients whose preferred language is not English, self-identify as multiracial and are publicly insured or uninsured. Concerted efforts to eliminate health care disparities in relation to portal activation are needed.
Practice Variations in Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypoglycemia in Asymptomatic Newborns
Authors: Narasimhan Sudha Rani , Flaherman Valerie , McLean Matthew , Nudelman Matthew , Vallejo Maricela , Song Dongli , Jegatheesan Priya 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To describe variations in the practice of hypoglycemia screening and treatment in asymptomatic infants in the United States.

METHODS:
During the time period from February 2018 to June 2018, we surveyed representatives of hospitals participating in the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns Network, a national research network of clinicians providing hospital care to term and late-preterm newborns. The survey included 22 questions evaluating practices related to hypoglycemia screening and management of asymptomatic infants.

RESULTS:
Of 108 network sites, 84 (78%) responded to the survey; 100% had a hypoglycemia protocol for screening at-risk infants in the well-baby nursery. There were wide variations between sites regarding the definition of hypoglycemia (mg/dL) (&lt;45 [24%]; &lt;40 [23%]; &lt;40 [0–4 hours] and &lt;45 [4–24 hours] [27%]; &lt;25 [0–4 hours] and &lt;35 [4–24 hours] [8%]), timing of first glucose check (&lt;1 hour [18%], 1–2 hours [30%], 30 minutes post feed [48%]), and threshold glucose level for treatment (&lt;45 [19%]; &lt;40 [18%]; &lt;40 [0–4 hours] and &lt;45 [4–24 hours] [20%]; &lt;25 [0–4 hours] and &lt;35 [4–24 hours] [15%]). All respondents used breast milk as a component of initial therapy. Criteria for admission to the NICU for hypoglycemia included the need for dextrose containing intravenous fluids (52%), persistent hypoglycemia despite treatment (49%), and hypoglycemia below a certain value (37%).

CONCLUSIONS:
There is a significant practice variation in hypoglycemia screening and management across the United States.
Signatures and Specificity of Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes Identified in Human Renal Peritumor and Tumor Tissue
Authors: Dornieden Theresa , Sattler Arne , Pascual-Reguant Anna , Ruhm Annkathrin Helena , Thiel Lion Gabriel , Bergmann Yasmin Samira , Thole Linda Marie Laura , Köhler Ralf , Kühl Anja Andrea , Hauser Anja Erika , Boral Sengül , Friedersdorff Frank , Kotsch Katja 
Published: June 2021

Significance Statement
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are important for localized immune responses, but their phenotypic and functional diversity in human kidneys is poorly understood. In this study, CD4+ and CD8+ TRM and other resident lymphocytes from tumor- and nontumor-containing kidney tissue samples of 62 patients with nephrectomy were extensively analyzed. It was shown that intrarenal CD8+ TRM cells express an activated, proinflammatory phenotype and become more numerous with age. Within tumors, however, CD8+ TRM cells more frequent express markers of exhaustion and become functionally impaired in patients with metastasis. Multiple viral antigen specificities were also demonstrated for intrarenal CD8+ TRM. These and other observations from the study provide novel insights into the complex repertoire of human kidney–resident lymphocytes with relevance for renal cancers and transplants.

Background
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are known to be important for the first line of defense in mucosa-associated tissues. However, the composition, localization, effector function, and specificity of TRM cells in the human kidney and their relevance for renal pathology have not been investigated.

Methods
Lymphocytes derived from blood, renal peritumor samples, and tumor samples were phenotypically and functionally assessed by applying flow cytometry and highly advanced histology (multi-epitope ligand cartography) methods.

Results
CD69+CD103+CD8+ TRM cells in kidneys display an inflammatory profile reflected by enhanced IL-2, IL-17, and TNFα production, and their frequencies correlate with increasing age and kidney function. We further identified mucosa-associated invariant T and CD56dim and CD56bright natural killer cells likewise expressing CD69 and CD103, the latter significantly enriched in renal tumor tissues. CD8+ TRM cell frequencies were not elevated in kidney tumor tissue, but they coexpressed PD-1 and TOX and produced granzyme B. Tumor-derived CD8+ TRM cells from patients with metastases were functionally impaired. Both CD69+CD103−CD4+ and CD69+CD103−CD8+ TRM cells form distinct clusters in tumor tissues in proximity to antigen-presenting cells. Finally, EBV, CMV, BKV, and influenza antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were enriched in the effector memory T cell population in the kidney.

Conclusions
Our data provide an extensive overview of TRM cells’ phenotypes and functions in the human kidney for the first time, pointing toward their potential relevance in kidney transplantation and kidney disease.
À PROCURA DE UM ALGORITMO: A GERAÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA DE REFERÊNCIAS DE UMA EDIÇÃO COMENTADA DE UM TEXTO LITERÁRIO GREGO
Authors: De Camargo Caio Vieira Reis 
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em apresentar o método computacional desenvolvido para a geração automática de referências de uma edição comentada de um texto literário grego. Feito um levantamento teórico sobre o uso da computação para pesquisas de linguísticas em reuso textual, a partir da obra Biblioteca, de Apolodoro, e da edição comentada de James Fraser (1921), utilizamos os nomes próprios presentes no texto grego como algoritmo para testar a eficiência de nosso método.
Constructivismo y tecnologías en educación. Entre la innovación y el aprender a aprender
Authors: Rubio Gaviria David , Jiménez Guevara Julián Ernesto 
Published: June 2021

El objetivo del artículo[1] es caracterizar las condiciones de posibilidad del discurso sobre el constructivismo en educación, que es a su vez un discurso que incluye la tecnología como uno de sus pilares.
Originalidad: el trabajo problematiza el sentido de la “sociedad del conocimiento”, cuestiona la relación entre las competencias en educación y la innovación, así como interroga el discurso del “aprender a aprender” como el asunto central de la educación que se asume como constructivista.
Método: Revisión documental.
Estrategias: Lectura temática de documentos sobre política educativa producidos por agencias internacionales.
Para concluir, se propone que el constructivismo se popularizó porque parece recoger lo propuesto alrededor de “la sociedad del conocimiento” y el discurso sobre las “necesidades de aprendizaje” promovido por agencias internacionales. Se sugiere, de igual modo, que la innovación es una condición estructural de la educación contemporánea, lo que explica los discursos del desarrollo de habilidades y competencias, donde no se trata de aprender algo, sino de aprender a aprender.
[1] El artículo presenta resultados parciales del proyecto de investigación “De la crisis mundial de la educación a la crisis mundial del aprendizaje. 50 años de producción de discurso educacional de la UNESCO” (DSI-511-20), financiado por el Centro de Investigaciones de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, bajo la Coordinación de David Rubio Gaviria, durante 2020. Del mismo modo, el artículo esboza resultados preliminares de la tesis doctoral “Análisis arqueogenalógico del constructivismo en educación”, adelantada por Julián Jiménez Guevara.
A Rare Presentation of Multi-Organ Embolism in a Multifactorial Hypercoagulable State: Case Report
Authors: Brysch Eva , Salgado Sara , Santos António Carvalheira , Bárbara Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Paradoxical embolism is an uncommon phenomenon, accounting for only 2% of all cases of systemic arterial embolism. This condition suggests the presence of a patent foramen ovale, present in 20% - 25% of the adult population. The authors report the case of a 63-year-old male patient with a history of lung adenocarcinoma and hereditary thrombophilia admitted to hospital with acute onset of dyspnea, diplopia, confusion and decreased motor strength of the right limbs. Cranial computed tomography scan showed acute ischemic injury in the left posterior cerebral artery and computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism. A transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed the presence of patent foramen ovale. The patient was treated with anticoagulant therapy with progressive clinical improvement. Due to a high risk of recurrent thromboembolic episodes, the percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale was performed and anticoagulant therapy was maintained indefinitely.