bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of Environmental Relative Humidity and Horizontal Scale of Subcloud Ascent on Deep Convective Initiation
Authors: Morrison Hugh , Peters John M. , Chandrakar Kamal Kant , Sherwood Steven C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examines two factors impacting initiation of moist deep convection: free-tropospheric environmental relative humidity (ϕE) and horizontal scale of subcloud ascent (Rsub), the latter exerting a dominant control on cumulus cloud width. A simple theoretical model is used to formulate a “scale selection” hypothesis: that a minimumRsubis required for moist convection to go deep, and that this minimum scale decreases with increasingϕE. Specifically, the ratio ofto saturation deficit (1 −ϕE) must exceed a certain threshold value that depends on cloud-layer environmental lapse rate. Idealized, large-eddy simulations of moist convection forced by horizontally varying surface fluxes show strong sensitivity of maximum cumulus height to bothϕEandRsubconsistent with the hypothesis. IncreasingRsubby only 300–400 m can lead to a large increase (>5 km) in cloud height. A passive tracer analysis shows that the bulk fractional entrainment rate decreases rapidly withRsubbut depends little onϕE. However, buoyancy dilution increases as eitherRsuborϕEdecreases; buoyancy above the level of free convection is rapidly depleted in dry environments whenRsubis small. While deep convective initiation occurs with an increase in relative humidity of the near environment from moistening by earlier convection, the importance of this moisture preconditioning is inconclusive as it is accompanied by an increase inRsub. Overall, it is concluded that small changes toRsubdriven by external forcing or by convection itself could be a dominant regulator of deep convective initiation.
Samples spiked with pituitary-derived thyroid-stimulating hormone may disguise the extent of differences between thyroid-stimulating hormone assays
Authors: Kalaria Tejas , Fenn Jonathan , Sharrod-Cole Hayley , Sanders Anna , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau 
Published: September 2021

Background A large discordance in the diagnosis and potential management of hypothyroidism using Abbott and Roche thyroid assays has been reported recently. The difference in Abbott and Roche thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) results in these studies was larger than anticipated from the external quality assessment (EQA) reports. Methods Abbott and Roche TSH method means in UK NEQAS for thyroid hormones distributions 430 to 454 were compared against the amount of TSH spiked. A TSH deplete serum pool was spiked with various concentrations of pooled high TSH serum and 3rd WHO International Standard for TSH (WHO-IS). Four serum pools with TSH close to clinical decision limits were spiked with two concentrations of WHO-IS. Results On review of EQA data, median (IQR) Roche: Abbott TSH ratio was lower ( p < 0.001) in 48 pools spiked with TSH (1.11 (1.07–1.16)) compared to 41 pools not spiked (1.29 (1.25–1.31)) and the decrease was proportionate to the contribution of spiked TSH to total TSH in the samples (ρ=−0.908, p < 0.001). In spiking experiments, the relationship of Roche and Abbott TSH was different in TSH deplete pool spiked with WHO-IS (RocheTSH=1.13*AbbottTSH–0.52) and high TSH serum (RocheTSH=1.43*AbbottTSH–0.50), respectively. The Roche: Abbott TSH ratio decreased and the method agreement improved on spiking serum pools with WHO-IS. Conclusion Abbott and Roche TSH assays are not in harmony in human serum samples but the agreement was better in samples spiked with WHO-IS which contains pituitary-derived TSH. Use of pituitary-derived TSH spiked samples, such as provided by EQA schemes, may mask clinically significant between-assay differences.
Institutional Responses to the Management of Covid-19 Crisis: Lessons from the Bhilwara and the Ramganj Models of Rajasthan
Authors: Pareek Urvashi , Sole Nagendra Ambedkar 
Published: September 2021

The world today is battling to being free from the shackles of Covid-19. The unexpected health emergency has left many nations halted and continues to pose a major challenge with newer strains of the coronavirus disease. The international community is coming forward for cooperative strategies in managing the epidemic, sharing innovations and vaccine development. In India, the government had been quick and responsive in controlling the spread of deadly Covid-19 since the first case was detected in late January 2020. The governments took many initiatives at all levels—Union, state and local. There is enough evidence to prove that the states have done fairly well by institutionalising responses to manage the spread of the virus. Rajasthan, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh are examples of the states that have devised and articulated policies to get hold of the crisis. This article deals with the institutional arrangements adopted by the Government of Rajasthan and its widely appreciated Bhilwara and Ramganj models. The article also discusses the enactment of various legislations intended at seizing the spread of the virus.
Where is the social in the biopsychosocial model of suicide prevention?
Authors: Rodríguez-Otero José Eduardo , Campos-Mouriño Xiana , Meilán-Fernández David , Pintos-Bailón Sarai , Cabo-Escribano Graciela 
Published: September 2021

Background: Each year, around 800,000 people die by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal behaviors is much higher when suicidal attempts and persistent self-injurious ideation are included. Therefore, suicide is a public health concern. Research has been sensitive to this problem, deepening the study of risk factors and the development of theoretical frameworks of suicidal behavior, with the aim of generating effective suicide prevention policies around the biopsychosocial model. Aim: We aimed to explore the role of relational, community, and social factors in current suicide prevention strategies. Method: Studies of risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior and the consequent development of theoretical frameworks were reviewed to verify if this knowledge was really used in suicide prevention policies. Results: Studies of risk and protective factors focus mainly on the individual, while theoretical frameworks emphasize the role of the relational, community, and social. Suicide prevention strategies more closely follow individual models derived from studies of risk factors. Conclusions: Suicide prevention strategies should broaden their individual narrative to include relational, community, and social interventions as anti-suicide measures.
Court-Mandated Treatment Outcomes for Prescribed Opioid Use Disorder: A Gender Based Study
Authors: Lucabeche Viviana Ximena , Quinn Paul Victor 
Published: September 2021

This study provides empirical information suggesting court-mandated treatment may be a more effective treatment pathway for opioid use disorder (OUD). To examine the effects of mandated treatment for prescription opioid users, we consider the differences in discharge completion rates for court-mandated and non-mandated treatment for both males and females. We use the Treatment Episode Data Set-Discharges (TEDS-D) from 2015 to 2017 with 13,239, 14,765, and 15,433 cases, respectively, to study successful completion rates for males and females with OUD. Logistic regression analysis confirms a greater completion rate for mandated treatment episodes. Of all mandated females, 59% completed treatment in each of the 3 years as compared to the 59%, 65%, and 64% of successful completion for mandated males, respectively, from 2015 to 2017. Our results suggest court-mandated treatment pathways are more effective on treatment completion for individuals with OUD, yet treatment completion disparity between sexes increases even when females are mandated.
Indigenous Social Movements and Institutional Reform: Mechanisms of Interest Representation in Three Colombian Municipalities
Authors: Velasco Marcela 
Published: September 2021

In the 1990s, Colombia passed but unevenly enforced multicultural reforms to address indigenous rights. Parallel to this, decentralization laws delegated key aspects of interest intermediation to local governments. These reforms changed the political opportunity structure that framed the relationship between indigenous people and the state. Indigenous activists engaged nonindigenous authorities and institutions at the local level in contentious, cooperative, or competitive strategies of interest intermediation to redistribute assets, claim indigenous rights, and create coalitions committed to ethnic governance. These strategies involved various mechanisms including framing indigenous claims, mobilizing communities, and repurposing or revising existing institutions to help keep indigenous territories and communities together. The reforms opened new opportunities, and activists responded by sustaining contentious strategies of interest intermediation such as social protests and testing cooperative and competitive mechanisms to coordinate different jurisdictions, participate in local elections, build up broader constituencies, and increase coalitions to support indigenous rights. En la década de 1990, Colombia aprobó reformas multiculturales para abordar los derechos indígenas, pero procedió a ejercerlas de manera desigual. Paralelamente, las leyes de descentralización delegaron aspectos clave de la intermediación de intereses a los gobiernos locales. Estas reformas cambiaron la estructura de oportunidades políticas que enmarcaba la relación entre los pueblos indígenas y el Estado. Los activistas indígenas involucraron a autoridades e instituciones locales no indígenas en estrategias de intermediación de intereses contenciosas, cooperativas o competitivas para redistribuir activos, reclamar derechos indígenas y crear coaliciones comprometidas con la gobernanza étnica. Estas estrategias implicaron diversos mecanismos, entre ellos la formulación de reclamos indígenas, la movilización de las comunidades y la reutilización o revisión de las instituciones existentes para ayudar a mantener unidos los territorios y las comunidades indígenas. Las reformas dieron lugar a nuevas oportunidades, y los activistas respondieron sustentando estrategias contestatarias de intermediación de intereses, como protestas sociales, y probando mecanismos cooperativos y competitivos para coordinar distintas jurisdicciones, participar en elecciones locales, construir grupos más amplios y aumentar las coaliciones en apoyo a los derechos indígenas.
Prediction of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning via serial determination of serum neuron-specific enolase levels
Authors: Nah Sangun , Choi Sungwoo , Kim Gi Woon , Moon Ji Eun , Lee Young Hwan , Han Sangsoo 
Published: September 2021

Background Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is released into serum when nerve cells are damaged, and the levels thereof are used to determine neurological prognosis in patients who have suffered cardiac arrest or stroke. Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS), a major complication of carbon monoxide poisoning (COP), can be caused by inflammatory response which is a mechanism of neuronal injury in cardiac arrest and stroke. NSE is known as a predictor of neurological prognosis in ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest, and it is also reported as a predictor of DNS in acute COP. When serum NSE is measured serially in cardiac arrest patients, the best time to predict neurological prognosis is known at 48–72 h, but there are no studies analyzing serial serum NSE in acute COP. Thus, we explored whether serum NSE levels measured three times at 24 h intervals after COP predicted the development of DNS. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted on patients treated for COP from May 2018 to April 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Korea. Neuron-specific enolase levels were assessed 24, 48, and 72 h after presentation at hospital. We used logistic regression to explore the association between NSE levels and DNS development. Results The NSE level was highest at 48 h, and the difference between the DNS group and the non-DNS group was greatest on the same time point. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the NSE level at 48 h of >20.98 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR], 3.570; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.412–9.026; P = .007) and the initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of <9 (OR, 4.559; 95% CI, 1.658–0.12.540; P = .003) was statistically significant for DNS development. Conclusion Early identification of those who will experience DNS in acute COP patients is clinically important for deciding treatment. In this study, we revealed that NSE level of >20.98 ng/mL at 48 h time point can be used as an independent predictor of DNS (OR, 3.570; 95% CI, 1.412–9.026; P = .007; AUC, 0.648).
Predictors for early readmission in patients hospitalized with new onset pediatric lupus nephritis
Authors: AH Guerra Angel , Garro Rouba , McCracken Courtney , Rouster-Stevens Kelly , Prahalad Sampath 
Published: September 2021

Objective The objective is to determine the 30-day hospital readmission rate following a hospitalization due to pediatric lupus nephritis of recent onset and characterize the risk factors associated with these early readmissions. Methods The study included 76 children hospitalized from 01/01/2008 to 4/30/2017 due to a new diagnosis of lupus nephritis. We calculated the 30-day hospital readmission rate and compared the characteristics of the patients that were readmitted to patients that were not readmitted using univariable and multivariable analysis. Results The 30-day readmission rate was 17.1%. Factors that predicted hospital readmission in unavailable analysis were male gender (38.5 vs 14.3%, p = 0.04), not receiving pulse steroids (30.8 vs 3.2%, p = < .001), receiving diuretic treatment (69.2 vs 34.9%, p = .02), receiving albumin infusions (46.2 vs 12.7%, p = .004), stage 2 hypertension on day one of admission (76.9 vs 41.3%, p = .02), a higher white blood cell count on discharge (13.7 × 103/mm3 vs 8.8 × 103/mm 3 , p = .023), need for non-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) antihypertensive drugs (76.9 vs 46%, p = .042), and being discharged on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (23.1 vs 4.8%, p = .025). Multivariable analysis demonstrated an increased risk of readmission for patients not treated with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (IVMP) (OR = 17.5 (1.81–168.32) p = .013), and for those who required intravenous albumin assisted diuresis for hypervolemia (OR=6.25 (1.29–30.30) p = .022). Conclusion In all, 17% of children hospitalized due to new onset lupus nephritis were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Absence of IVMP and receiving intravenous albumin assisted diuresis during initial hospitalization increase the risk of early readmission in new onset pediatric lupus nephritis.
Parent’s Lived Experience of Memory Making With Their Child at or Near End of Life
Authors: Clarke Terrie , Connolly Michael 
Published: September 2021

Background: Memory making is the process of creating mementos of a child with a life limiting condition, who may be at or near end of life, providing a tangible and visual connection to the child who has died. Aim: This study explored the lived experience a memory making process had on parents of children who were at or near end-of-life. Design: A qualitative approach was used. Hermeneutic phenomenology methods provided guidance to the data collection, with a more limited interpretative phenomenological analysis conducted. Setting: A purposive selected sample of 6 parents whose child had died and who had engaged in memory making participate. The sample was drawn from parents whose child had received care from a children’s hospice. Results: Individual interviews were conducted with 6 parents, all mothers. Three main themes emerged: Making the memories; the impact of memory making; and the end-of-life care journey. Parents experienced an overwhelmingly positive impact from memory making, as well as tangible and precious mementos that were created. The positive impact the process had on coping with grief and loss was also demonstrated, as well as the effect of helping to keep the deceased child’s memory alive and include them in conversation. Conclusions: The importance of skilled and sensitive staff with the ability to introduce the concept of memory making, and choice at end of life were highlighted by the parents who took part. Clinicians may benefit from understanding how memory making can positively impact the bereavement experience of parents whose child has died.
Effectiveness of a Sexual Health Care Training to Enhance Psychiatric Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Lu Mei-Jou , Li Jin-Biau , Wu Chia-Yi , Huong Pham Thi Thu , Hsu Pei-Chen , Chang Chiou-Rong 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Sexual health is a taboo issue in some societies. Limited assessments were conducted during nursing care in mental health services. It is unknown whether psychiatric nurses’ competencies would be enhanced through short training courses. AIMS: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-hour sexual health care training for psychiatric nurses to improve sexual health knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in a teaching psychiatric hospital in southern Taiwan. METHOD: Volunteered psychiatric nurses were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The 8-hour training program contained sexual health knowledge and attitudes, case discussion, role play, and sexual identity or harassment issues. Each nurse received a pretest and a posttest in the 1-month period between August and September 2019. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate the effects. RESULTS: Among the 75 psychiatric nurses, 43 were in the control group and 32 were in the experimental group. The two groups were not significantly different in the working year, gender, education, marriage, and other psychosocial variables. After the training, the overall performance of sexual health care knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of the experimental group improved significantly than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The sexual health care training program enhanced psychiatric nurses’ confidence and generally improved their sexual knowledge and attitudes. It is suggested that sexual health care needs to be highlighted during in-job training to augment the well-being and life quality of psychiatric patients.
Wood Smoke Extract Promotes Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Normal Human Lung Fibroblasts
Authors: Recillas-Román Stephanie , Montaño Martha , Ruiz Víctor , Pérez-Ramos Julia , Becerril Carina , Herrera Iliana , Amador-Muñoz Omar , Martínez-Domínguez Y. Margarita , Ramos Carlos 
Published: September 2021

Wood smoke (WS) contains many harmful compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). WS induces inflammation in the airways and lungs and can lead to the development of various acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Pulmonary fibroblasts are the main cells involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the WS-induced inflammatory response. Although fibroblasts remain in a low proliferation state under physiological conditions, they actively participate in ECM remodeling during the inflammatory response in pathophysiological states. Consequently, we used normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) to assess the potential effects of the PAHs-containing wood smoke extract (WSE) on the growth rate, total collagen synthesis, and the expression levels of collagen I and III, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. We also assessed MMPs activity. The results showed that WSE induced a trimodal behavior in the growth rate curves in NHLFs; the growth rate increased with 0.5-1 % WSE and decreased with 2.5% WSE, without causing cell damage; 5-20% WSE inhibited the growth and induced cell damage. After 3 hours of exposure, 2.5% WSE induced an increase in total collagen synthesis and upregulation of TGF-β1, collagen I and III, MMP-1, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expression. However, MMP-2 expression was downregulated and MMP-9 was not expressed. The gelatinase activity of MMP-2 was also increased. These results suggest that WSE affects the ECM remodeling in NHLFs and indicate the potential involvement of PAHs in this process.
Outcome of coxofemoral luxation treated with closed reduction in 51 cats
Authors: LeFloch Marielle D , Coronado George S 
Published: September 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes and determine the reluxation rate of cats undergoing closed coxofemoral joint reduction, and to investigate potential risk factors for reluxation of the affected coxofemoral joint. Methods Case information was obtained from electronic medical records from Ocean State Veterinary Specialists and Bay State Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Services between January 2008 and May 2020. Data obtained from 51 cats with coxofemoral joint luxations included patient signalment, direction of coxofemoral joint luxation, concurrent injuries, ease of reduction, time of injury to closed reduction, bandage application and outcome. Data were analyzed for association with outcomes. Results Closed reduction of coxofemoral joint luxation in cats had a 51% success rate. The only risk factor demonstrating a statistically significant benefit to the success of closed coxofemoral joint reduction was the application of a bandage ( P = 0.02). Conclusions and relevance It may be worth attempting closed coxofemoral joint reduction in cats prior to recommending surgery. Placing a bandage (Ehmer or hobbles) after closed reduction may decrease the risk of the coxofemoral joint reluxating, but more studies are needed to evaluate this further. The outcome after closed reduction management for coxofemoral joint luxation in cats is similar to the previously reported success rate in dogs.