bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Electrosynthesis with Thermolysis: A Safe/Scalable Route to Multinary Oxide Semiconductor Films
Authors: Vali Abbas , Jee Hyung‐Woo , Myung Noseung , Rajeshwar Krishnan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdding a thermolysis step to electrosynthesis (as in “electrothermosynthesis”) considerably enhances the scope of electrochemical film deposition and affords multinary compositions previously inaccessible by this otherwise versatile and mild synthetic approach. Copper pyrovanadate (β−Cu2V2O7), a member of the Cu−V−O family of ternary oxide semiconductors that are of considerable interest to the solar fuel community, is shown herein to be an exemplar of this approach. Finally, the generality of the hybrid approach is discussed for a variety of ternary metal oxides.
Performance of smoothly clipped absolute deviation as a variable selection method in the artificial neural network‐based QSAR studies
Authors: Mozafari Zeinab , Arab Chamjangali Mansour , Arashi Mohammad , Goudarzi Nasser 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA hybrid of smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) and Levenberg‐ Marquardt artificial neural network (LM‐ANN) was used as an efficient approach (SCAD‐LM‐ANN) in the ANN‐based quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies. The proposed technique (SCAD‐LM‐ANN) exploits the useful shrinkage nature of SCAD in the reduction of high dimensional data prior to modeling by the robust LM‐ANN method. The performance of the method was examined by establishing a QSAR model between about 3224 Dragon‐derived descriptors and biological activities (pEC50) for a set of thioacetamide/acetanilide derivatives as HIV inhibitors. SCAD method with the tenfold random splitting of data was applied to the data set in the absence of compounds in the external test set. A number of 11 descriptors were selected at a λ with the lowest cross‐validation error (λmin). The selected descriptors were used as inputs of the LM‐ANN modeling method. All parameters affecting model performance were optimized, and the LM‐ANN model with the architecture of 5‐5‐1 was selected as the optimal QSAR model. Several statistical parameters such as determination coefficient (R2) and mean square error (MSE) were calculated for the predicted pEC50values for the external test set and the whole data set through the leave one out (LOO) technique. The results (= 0.92,MSEtest= 0.12,= 0.81, andMSELOO= 0.12) prove the generalizability and predictability of the proposed SCAD‐LM‐ANN model. According to the established relationship in the recommended QSAR model, new derivatives were designed and suggested as new active HIV inhibitors for further studies. The accuracy of the suggested compounds was studied and confirmed by analyzing the ligand–receptor (LR) interactions derived from the molecular docking studies.
Effect of the internal structure on color changes in wood by painting transparent
Authors: Ohshima Kazushi , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Sugimori Masatoshi , Sawada Emika 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo clarify the mechanism of how the color of wood changes after being painted with oil, we measured the internal structure and optical properties in the visible light region of end‐grain linseed oil‐painted hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) by X‐ray computed tomography and spectrophotometry, respectively. To compare the color measurements of different types of incident light, the color changes were measured with a spectral colorimeter. Quantitative analysis using X‐ray computed tomography images showed a positive correlation between oil penetration and the amount of oil applied. Optical property measurements showed that the largest change in reflectance was in the 430 to 480 nm region, which was affected by both absorption and transmission. We also inferred from a lack of increment in the absorption with increasing amounts of applied oil that the increase in the absorption was influenced by the increase in light passing through the walls of the wood cells.
Chaotic approach for improving global optimization in Yellow Saddle Goatfish
Authors: Kashyap Davinder , Singh Birmohan , Kaur Manpreet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractYellow Saddle Goatfish Algorithm (YSGA) is an optimization model inspired by the hunting behavior of yellow saddle goatfish which emulates their collaborative behaviors with chaser fish and blocker fish. To improve the global convergence, chaotic maps have been combined with YSGA in this paper. Chaotic is a nonlinear deterministic system that displays complex, noisy‐like, and unpredictable behavior. Due to its non‐repetitive nature, an overall search can be carried out at a higher speed. The proposed algorithm is based on the excellence of the chaotic searching using a multi‐chaotic approach and the YSGA optimization, which has been applied to 68 benchmark functions. The results of the proposed Multi‐Chaotic Yellow Saddle Goatfish algorithm are compared with YSGA and also with nine other states of art meta‐heuristic algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of the YSGA algorithm.
Effect of methylglyoxal on the alteration in structure and digestibility of α‐lactalbumin, and the formation of advanced glycation end products under simulated thermal processing
Authors: Wu Yuekun , Dong Lu , Wu Yajing , Wu Dongyan , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo 
Published: March 2021

Abstractα‐Dicarbonyl compounds (α‐DCs) are a class of compounds generated during the thermal processing of food. Due to the high reactivity, α‐DCs were endowed with the ability to react with food components thus lowering nutrition value and even leading to a potential risk for food safety. In this study, methylglyoxal (MG), the most abundant α‐DCs, was selected to investigate the alteration effects on the structure and digestibility of α‐lactalbumin (αLA) under thermal processing (60–100°C). The results showed that the modification degree of αLA by MG increased with the rise of processing temperature, accompanied by the significant changes in molecular weight, intrinsic fluorescence, and secondary structures of αLA. High‐resolution mass spectrometry analysis identified that lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) are the modification sites, and Nε‐(carboxyethyl)‐L‐lysine is the main modification type. Since the Lys and Arg are also the cleavage sites of trypsin, the digestibility of MG modified αLA (MG‐αLA) by trypsin correspondingly decreased with an increase of processing temperature. The reacted Lys and Arg residues, and the protein‐bound AGEs were quantified, and the contents were found to be highly dependent on the temperature.
Hybrid classification with meta‐heuristic‐enabled optimal feature selection for thyroid detection
Authors: N. Rajole Bhausaheb , J. Gond Vitthal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThyroid is a widespread disease, affecting most victims. The diagnosis of thyroid remains a complex process, as its detection in patients is highly intricate. Hence, the doctors are needed to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of the disease. This paper aims to propose a novel thyroid diagnosis scheme, involving three major phases: (a) feature extraction, (b) optimal feature selection, and (c) classification. Initially, the thyroid image and the related data serve as input for diagnosing the disease. In the first phase, the features like, gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray level run length matrix (GLRM), local binary pattern (LBP), local vector pattern (LVP), and local tetra patterns (LTrP) are extracted from the input image. Additionally, the features from data are extracted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for resolving the issue of “curse of dimensionality.” The optimal features are then selected using a hybrid optimization approach. The optimally selected features of the image and the data are then subjected to the classification process via convolutional neural network (CNN) and neural network (NN), respectively. Both the classified outputs undergo “AND” binary operation to yield the final classified output. To yield effective classification, the NN model is trained by tuning its weights using the proposed algorithm. Further, this paper introduces a new hybrid algorithm, termed firefly updated lion optimization (SLnO) algorithm (FU‐SLnO), for attaining optimal outcomes. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed work is compared over few other conventional approaches and its superiority is proven.
Feeding artery ablation before radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma may reduce critical recurrence
Authors: Shimizu Ryo , Tamai Hideyuki , Ida Yoshiyuki , Maeshima Shuya , Shingaki Naoki , Maekita Takao , Iguchi Mikitaka , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimPercutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive and curative local treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, serious concerns remain regarding critical recurrences such as metastasis, dissemination, and/or seeding due to RFA. In August 2006, we introduced selective feeding artery ablation before tumor ablation to reduce the risk of critical recurrence by blocking tumor blood flow. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether feeding artery ablation before tumor ablation can reduce the risk of critical recurrence after RFA.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 279 patients with primary, solitary, and hypervascular HCC ≤5 cm in diameter who were treated with RFA alone between April 2001 and August 2013. Critical recurrence was defined as intra‐ or extrahepatic metastasis, dissemination, or seeding that was difficult to treat radically.ResultsOf the 279 HCC patients, 157 patients were treated with conventional RFA alone, and 122 patients underwent RFA with prior feeding artery ablation. Although no significant differences were seen in the rates of local tumor progression‐free survival, overall recurrence‐free survival, or overall survival between a conventional RFA group and a prior feeding artery ablation group, significant differences were seen in rates of critical recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival (5‐year, 69 vs 81%, P = 0.01 and 76 vs 88%, P = 0.03, respectively). On multivariate analysis, prior feeding artery ablation, tumor diameter, and alpha‐fetoprotein were independent factors related to critical recurrence.ConclusionsFeeding artery ablation before tumor ablation may reduce the risk of critical recurrence.
Joint‐adjacent Adipose Tissue by MRI is Associated With Prevalence and Progression of Knee Degenerative Changes: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Bodden Jannis , Ok Ahmet H. , Joseph Gabby B. , Nevitt Michael C. , McCulloch Charles E. , Lane Nancy E. , Link Thomas M. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundAdipose tissue has recently gained interest as an independent imaging biomarker for osteoarthritis.PurposeTo explore 1) cross‐sectional associations between local subcutaneous fat (SCF) thickness at the knee and the extent of degenerative changes in overweight and obese individuals and 2) associations between local fat distribution and progression of osteoarthritis over 4 years.Study TypeRetrospective cohort study.Population338 obese and overweight participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort without radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis.Field Strength3T: 3D‐FLASH‐WE; 3D‐DESS‐WE; T1w‐SE; MSME.AssessmentBaseline SCF thickness was measured in standardized locations medial, lateral and anterior to the knee and the average joint‐adjacent SCF (ajSCF) was calculated. Right thigh SCF cross‐sectional area was assessed. Quantitative cartilage T2 relaxation times and semi‐quantitative whole organ MRI scores (WORMS) were obtained at baseline and 4‐year follow‐up. WORMSsum was calculated as sum of cartilage, bone marrow edema, subchondral cyst, and meniscal scores.Statistical TestsAssociations of SCF measures with baseline, and 4‐year change in T2 and WORMS were analyzed using regression models. SCF measurements were standardized using the equation . Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, and BMI.ResultsCross‐sectionally, significant associations between lateral SCF, lateral compartment WORMS and T2 were found (, [95% CI]: 0.53, [0.12–0.95], P < 0.05; ΔT2: 0.50, [0.02–0.98], P < 0.05). Moreover, greater lateral SCF was associated with faster progression of lateral WORMSsum gradings (OR = 1.50, [1.05–2.15], P < 0.05). No significant positive associations were found for thigh SCF and WORMSsum (P = 0.44) or T2 measurements (medial: P = 0.15, lateral: 0.39, patellar: P = 0.75).Data ConclusionJoint‐adjacent SCF thickness was associated with imaging parameters of knee osteoarthritis, both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, while thigh SCF was not, suggesting a spatial association of SCF and knee osteoarthritis. Based on these findings, joint‐adjacent SCF may play a role in the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 5
Understanding the Critical Role of Sequential Fluorination of Phenylene Units on the Properties of Dicarboxylate Bithiophene‐Based Wide‐Bandgap Polymer Donors for Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Kini Gururaj P. , Lee Eui Jin , Jeon Sung Jae , Moon Doo Kyung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDesign and development of wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors with low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) are increasingly gaining attention in non‐fullerene organic photovoltaics since such donors can synergistically enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE) by simultaneously minimizing photon energy loss (Eloss) and enhancing the spectral response. In this contribution, three new WBG polymer donors, P1, P2, and P3, are prepared by adding phenylene cores with a different number of fluorine (F) substituents (n = 0, 2, and 4, respectively) to dicarboxylate bithiophene‐based acceptor units. As predicted, fluorination effectively aides in the lowering of HOMO energy levels, tailoring of the coplanarity and molecular ordering in the polymers. Thus, fluorinated P2 and P3 polymers show higher coplanarity and more intense interchain aggregation than P1, leading to higher charge carrier mobilities and superior phase‐separated morphology in the optimized blend films with IT‐4F. As a result, both P2:IT‐4F and P3:IT‐4F realize the best PCEs of 6.89% and 7.03% (vs 0.16% for P1:IT‐4F) with lower Eloss values of 0.65 and 0.55 eV, respectively. These results signify the importance of using phenylene units with sequential fluorination in polymer backbone for modifying the optoelectronic properties and realizing low Eloss values by synergistically lowering the HOMO energy levels.
Salinity‐ and Heat‐Tolerant VES (Viscoelastic Surfactant) Clean Fracturing Fluids Strengthened by a Hydrophobic Copolymer with Extremely Low Damage
Authors: Tian Jizhen , Mao Jincheng , Zhang Wenlong , Yang Xiaojiang , Lin Chong , Cun Meng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs good thickeners for clean fracturing fluids, high salt‐tolerant surfactants have received increasing attention. Based on previous studies, we have further studied the performances of four surfactants, EDAS (JS‐SO), EHSB (JS‐OH‐SO), ETAC (JN) and EDHB (JS‐OH), in monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) salts. This is of great significance for the application of high‐salinity formation water to directly prepare fracturing fluids. The results showed that in high‐salinity aqueous solutions, both zwitterionic surfactants and cationic surfactants can exhibit extremely strong salt tolerance. The addition of the counter ion salt can destroy the internal salt, thus increasing water solubility of zwitterionic surfactants. Cationic surfactants have strong water solubility, and the counter ion Cl− will weaken the electrostatic shielding effect between the head groups. Surfactants can still maintain excellent network structures under high‐salinity conditions. This is mainly owing to the extreme insensitivity of zwitterionic surfactants to salts and the large initial head group area of cationic surfactants. In actual applications, the formation water from the Tahe Oilfield was used directly to prepare the fracturing fluids. Testing the rheological properties of fracturing fluid systems found that adding a small amount of hydrophobic associating polymers can increase the temperature resistance from 100 °C to 140 °C, and the final viscosity can be maintained above 30 mPa S. At the same time, they all showed excellent proppant suspension properties and extremely low core damage rates. The results indicated that even in high‐salinity formation water and high‐temperature formation, these fracturing fluid systems still have good performances, extremely low damage and meet fracturing fluid industry standards.
Photocatalyzed Chemo‐Selective Alkylation of Quinones and Phenothiazinones with Alkyl Amides: Photophysical and Cytotoxic Activity Studies
Authors: Sakthivel Pandaram , Adarsh Krishna T. P. , Ilangovan Andivelu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlkylation of naphthoquinones (NQs) and phenothiazinone (PTZs) was achieved through chemo‐selective functionalization of different mono/di‐alkyl amides in the presence of photocatalyst eosin‐y and TBHP under the influence of blue light (Blue LEDs) as an energy source, at room temperature to get the products in moderate to good yield. These highly conjugated alkylated compounds displays absorption and emission in the visible region, has potential to be used as fluorescent probes and other light harvesting materials. Insilico study revealed that some of these compounds are potential phosphodiesterase‐4B (PDE4B) inhibitors and has excellent drug like properties. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of alkylated quinones toward human lung cancer cell line (A549) was studied.
Oxidation of Bio‐Aldehyde and Bio‐Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid by Water over Modified CuZnAl Catalysts
Authors: Ye Yuewen , Chen Bao , Li Xin , Ai Yue , Sun Jia , Ni Gang , Qin Ling , Ye Tongqi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA series of NiCuZnAl catalysts with various Cu/Ni molar ratios and XCuZnAl (X=Ni, Co, Mn, Mg, La) catalysts were prepared and used in the aldehyde‐water shift (AWS) reaction with propanal as model compound. Although copper is the main site for AWS reaction, some additives also showed some effects on enhancing the catalytic activity to varying degrees. Mn promoted catalyst showed the highest propanal conversion of 22 % at 260 °C, much better than Co, La etc. Among the Ni promoted catalysts, NCZA‐33 with Ni/(Ni+Cu) molar ratio of 33 % showed the best activity. The trend of activity happened to match the catalyst reducibility expressed by reduction peak temperature in TPR analysis, thus an MVK mechanism was suggested. Introduction of Ni decreases the proportion of Cu0/Cu+ in surface Cu species, thus suppressed the hydrogenation activity and decreased the selectivity of corresponding alcohols. The carboxylic acid selectivity increased from 86.3 % of pristine CuZnAl to more than 90 % on modified catalysts, even 99.6 % on NCZA‐83 catalyst. Both pristine and modified CuZnAl catalysts showed good stability under AWS reaction conditions and carbon deposition is not responsible for the deactivation. AWS reaction was also extended to other aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols, but it's invalid for furfural and Cinnamaldehyde under the employed reaction conditions. The results indicate AWS reaction is very sensitive to the nature of reactants.
Infection prevention and control practices of ambulatory veterinarians: A questionnaire study in Finland
Authors: Verkola Marie , Järvelä Terhi , Järvinen Asko , Jokelainen Pikka , Virtala Anna‐Maija , Kinnunen Paula M. , Heikinheimo Annamari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundVeterinarians face the risk of contracting zoonotic pathogens. Infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines stress the importance of proper hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent transmission of these pathogens.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess how ambulatory livestock and equine veterinarians follow IPC guidelines, when working on farms and in stables.MethodsWe studied hygiene practices of livestock and equine ambulatory veterinarians (n = 129) in Finland. A web‐based questionnaire was used to obtain demographic information and information regarding hand‐hygiene facilities and practices, use and cleaning of PPE and cleaning of medical equipment.ResultsAccording to 66.9% of the respondents, hand‐washing facilities were often adequate on livestock farms, but only 21.4% reported that this was the case in stables (p < .001). While 75.0% reported washing their hands or using hand sanitizer always before moving on to the next farm, only 42.5% reported doing this before moving on to the next stables (p < .001). Universal protective coat or coverall use was more common in livestock practice than in equine practice (91.6% vs. 27.7%, p < .001). Stethoscope cleaning was reported to happen less frequently than once a week by 30.0% of the respondents.ConclusionsFinnish veterinarians’ self‐reported IPC adherence was far from uniform. IPC was more commonly followed in ambulatory livestock practice perhaps facilitated by better hand‐washing facilities on farms than in stables. The study suggests that education of veterinarians is still needed and that hand‐washing facilities need to be improved even in a high‐income country.
Adjoint SU(5) GUT model with modular S4 symmetry
Authors: Zhao Ya , Zhang Hong-Hao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the textures of SM fermion mass matrices and their mixings in a supersymmetric adjoint SU(5) Grand Unified Theory with modular S4 being the horizontal symmetry. The Yukawa entries of both quarks and leptons are expressed by modular forms with lower weights. Neutrino sector has an adjoint SU(5) representation 24 as matter superfield, which is a triplet of S4. The effective light neutrino masses is generated through Type-III and Type-I seesaw mechanism. The only common complex parameter in both charged fermion and neutrino sectors is modulus τ . Down-type quarks and charged leptons have the same joint effective operators with adjoint scalar in them, and their mass discrepancy in the same generation depends on Clebsch-Gordan factor. Especially for the first two generations the respective Clebsch-Gordan factors made the double Yukawa ratio 𝒴d𝒴μ/𝒴e𝒴s = 12, in excellent agreement with the experimental result. We reproduce proper CKM mixing parameters and all nine Yukawa eigenvalues of quarks and charged leptons. Neutrino masses and MNS parameters are also produced properly with normal ordering is preferred.
Patterns of floral allocation along an elevation gradient: variation in Senecio subalpinus growing in the Tatra Mountains
Authors: Kiełtyk Piotr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examined the morphological variation inSenecio subalpinusW.D.J. Koch. (Asteraceae) along a 950-m elevation gradient in the Tatra Mountains, Central Europe, with emphasis on floral allocation patterns. Fifteen morphological traits were measured in 200 plants collected in the field from 20 sites then the findings were modelled by elevation using linear mixed-effects models. Plant aboveground biomass and height decreased steadily with increasing elevation; however, the most distinctive feature was the elevational shift in floral allocation patterns. Low-elevation plants had greater numbers of smaller flower heads with a lower overall number of flowers, while high-elevation plants had smaller numbers of bigger flower heads and a greater overall number of flowers. Accordingly, the mean individual flower mass increased significantly with increasing elevation. Interestingly, the width of the outer ligulate flowers also increased considerably with increasing elevation, increasing the fill of the overall circumference of the flower head. Results of this study confirmed that elevation is an important ecological gradient driving variation in vegetative and floral traits ofS. subalpinus. Possible causes of the observed variations are subsequently discussed, including the varying effects of both abiotic and biotic factors with elevation gradients.