bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCING BIOBASED NONPOLAR BOTTLEBRUSH β-MYRCENE SEGMENTS TO IMPROVE SILICA DISPERSION FOR SUSTAINABLE SSBR/SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Lu Jianmin , Wang Dongfang , Han Bingyong 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTTo overcome the problem of fossil fuel depletion and associated environmental issues arising from the use of tire tread elastomers, a convenient, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient strategy was developed to prepare high-performance green solution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR)/silica nanocomposites by improving silica dispersion in the nonpolar polymer matrix via the introduction of a biobased nonpolar bottlebrush segment with two double bonds. Various elastomers containing biobased nonpolar bottlebrush β-myrcene segments were synthesized using an industrially robust anionic polymerization method. Results of rubber process analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that rubber with myrcene could significantly improve silica dispersibility and inhibit the strong filler–filler interactions, which are due to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the double bonds in the myrcene block and silanol groups on the silica surface and possibly to the spreading or infiltrating of myrcene bottlebrush segments onto silica. Furthermore, for the modified rubber, rolling resistance decreased by 41.7%, tear strength increased by 20.78%, and tensile strength increased by 77.8% with the elongation at break remained practically unchanged as compared with the unmodified silica/SSBR composite. On the basis of aforementioned assessment, we believe that silica-reinforced β-myrcene–based styrene–butadiene integrated rubber is a versatile and promising candidate for future tire tread elastomers.
Leading a virtual exercise program: Student motivation and perception of participation benefits
Authors: Buchan Jena , Clanchy Kelly , Reeves Nathan 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Work-integrated learning (WIL) is integral to exercise science degrees, but clinical educators report low motivation and limited professional competency in students. WIL may be enhanced by first building professional capabilities in a University-based setting. As such, this study investigated whether participation in a student-led virtual exercise clinic improved perceived professional self-efficacy, as well as intrinsic motivation. Methods: A prospective, repeated-measures cohort design. Exercise Science Practicum students (N= 20) delivered a six-week virtual exercise program. Outcomes of interest included changes in client-related skills confidence (e.g. interpersonal skills) and perceived participation benefits and motivation (p < 0.05). Results: Seventeen students (85%) completed the survey, reporting significant improvement (Z= -3.18) in confidence related to client communication skills. Additionally, students reported significantly higher perceived truthfulness of statements in the intrinsic motivation subscales: interest-enjoyment (Z= -2.77); perceived competency (Z= -2.80); and value-usefulness for the development of communication skills (Z= -2.33). Discussion: Participation in a virtual student-led exercise clinic enhanced confidence in client-related communication skills, as well as multiple intrinsic motivation domains. With an increased need for developing student competency and motivation for WIL, virtual student-led clinics may prove a novel enabler.
Exploring allied health professional student and academic teacher experiences of teaching and learning clinical skills online in response to COVID-19
Authors: Forbes Roma , Martin Romany , Patterson Freyr , Hill Anne , Hoyle Melanie , Penman Adriana , Leung Letizia , Smith Sage , Mandrusiak Allison 
Published: June 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a shift in the teaching and learning of health professional clinical skills from traditional face-to-face approaches to online platforms in Australia. To date, no research has explored fully online teaching and learning of clinical skills from the perspective of students and academic teachers in the health professions. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore student and academic teacher experiences of teaching and learning clinical skills online due to COVID-19. Methods: A qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach was used to investigate health professional student (n=17) and academic teacher (n=10) experiences. Data was analysed thematically and a thematic network tool was applied to identify common themes between the two participant groups. Results: Three overarching themes were generated: 1) rapid adaptations, 2) additional needs in online learning, and 3) what the future holds. Conclusion: The findings of this study have highlighted the importance of providing opportunities for effective practice of, and feedback on, clinical skills when using online platforms. Outcomes of the study reveal the need for clinically relevant teaching and learning resources and integrating clinically relevant and authentic activities from the perspective of health professional students and their academic teachers.
Is a students’ ability to critically self-reflect, related to their performance on physiotherapy clinical placements?
Authors: Brooks Sarah , Milne Nikki , Orr Rob Marc , Terry Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

Background. The relationship between students’ reflective ability and performance on physiotherapy clinical placement is currently unclear. Objectives. To investigate: i) if a relationship exists between students’ critical reflective ability and performance on physiotherapy clinical placement; and whether these relationships differ by ii) Critical reflective task (CRT) rank grade or, iii) by gender. Design. An observational cohort study design. Methods. Critical Reflection Task (CRT) marks and clinical placement (APP) scores from 196 (F=94; M=102) post-graduate, entry-level physiotherapy students were analyzed. Results. A significant moderate predictive relationship was found between CRT marks and APP scores (r=.411, p2=.169, SEE=12.79). There was a weak positive correlation between ‘CRT rank grade’ and APP scores (rs=.371, p Conclusions. A significant positive relationship between students’ critical-reflective ability and clinical practice performance (aligned to physiotherapy practice thresholds) exists. Further research is needed to determine whether facilitating students’ self-reflection skills may enhance clinical performance for health professional students.
Pengaruh Pemberian Aroma Terapi Lemon (Cytrus) Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Dismenore
Authors: Nurpratiwi Nurpratiwi , Yousriatin Fajar , Maulidiyah Utin 
Published: June 2021

Latar Belakang : Nyeri haid atau dismenore merupakan kram yang menyakitkan yang berasal dari uterus yang terjadi selama menstruasi dan merupakan satu penyebab paling umum nyeri panggul dan gangguan menstruasi. Penyebab utama dismenore primer adalah karena terjadinya peningkatan atau produksi yang tidak seimbang dari prostaglandin endometrium selama menstruasi. Zat limeone dalam lemon (citrus) akan mengontrol prostaglandin dan mengurangi rasa nyeri. Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian aroma terapi lemon (Cytrus) berpengaruh terhadap penurunan nyeri dismenore pada siswi di SMAN 1 Sungai Ambawang. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain quasi experiment (eksperimen semu) dengan rancangan pre and post tes with control yaitu melakukan intervensi pada dua kelompok dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 34 responden dan masing-masing kelompok terbagi menjadi 17 responden. Analisa bivariat menggunakan uji menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh pemberian aroma terapi lemon (Cytrus) terhadap penurunan nyeri dismenore dengan nilai p lebih kecil dari 0,005 yaitu p : 0,000 yang berarti Ha diterima Ho ditolak. Kesimpulan : Terdapat pengaruh antara pemberian aroma terapi lemon (Cytrus) terhadap penurunan nyeri dismenore.
Persistent URLs and Citations Offered for Digital Objects by Digital Libraries
Authors: Homenda Nicholas 
Published: June 2021

As libraries, archives, and museums make unique digital collections openly available via digital library platforms, they expose these resources to users who may wish to cite them. Often several URLs are available for a single digital object, depending on which route a user took to find it, but the chosen citation URL should be the one most likely to persist over time. Catalyzed by recent digital collections migration initiatives at Indiana University Libraries, this study investigates the prevalence of persistent URLs for digital objects at peer institutions and examines the ways their platforms instruct users to cite them. This study reviewed institutional websites from the Digital Library Federation’s (DLF) published list of 195 members and identified representative digital objects from unique digital collections navigable from each institution’s main web page in order to determine persistent URL formats and citation options.
Findings indicate an equal split between offering and not offering discernible persistent URLs with four major methods used: Handle, DOI, ARK, and PURL. Significant variation in labeling persistent URLs and inclusion in item-specific citations uncovered areas where the user experience could be improved for more reliable citation of these unique resources.
Microbiological Profile and Sensitivity Data among the Neonatal Population from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Reshad Mohamed , Binesh Balachandran , Sharief Moideen , Shad Muheidheen 
Published: June 2021

Background: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among neonates. The prevalence of microorganisms varies with regions, and the sensitivity pattern also changes over time.
Aim: To study the prevalence of various microorganisms and their sensitivity pattern among the neonatal population in a tertiary care hospital in South India.
Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study. We screened the records of all neonates admitted to the hospital during a period starting from January 1st, 2016, to September 30th, 2018. The details of the patients with any sterile body fluids showing microbial growth were collected. Descriptive analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.
Results: There were 77 organisms isolated during the study period, with the majority among outborn babies. Seventy-two isolates were from blood, two from CSF and urine, with one from the central line. The most common organism was Klebsiella (22%), followed by Burkholderia cepacia (12%), Staphylococcus aureus (9%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (7%). 9% of the organisms were fungus, with the most common being Kodamaea Ohmeri. Among the antibiotics tested for sensitivity, Meropenem had the maximum sensitivity ratio (84%), followed by Co-trimoxazole (83%) and Vancomycin (82%). Piperacillin tazobactam sensitivity was only 56%, and Ciprofloxacin was sensitive in 65% of cases. Most (6 out of 7) of the fungal isolates were sensitive to fluconazole.
Conclusions: Klebsiella remains to be the most common organism causing severe infection in young infants. Worrying rise in the incidence of uncommon organisms (like Kodamaea Ohmeri, GBS, Burkholderia) and carbapenem resistance was noted. It is, therefore, essential to update the antibiotic policy of the neonatal units on a timely basis.
The ability to re‐express polysialylated NCAM in soleus muscle after denervation is reduced in aged rats compared to young adult rats
Authors: Olsen Marianne , Zuber Christian , Roth Jürgen , Linnemann Dorte , Bock Elisabeth 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe neural cell‐adhesion molecule, NCAM, contains an unusual homopolymer of sialic acid units, polysialic acid. This carbohydrate seems to be involved in neurite outgrowth, bundling and branching, processes which are important during reinnervation. In aged rats, reinnervation of denervated muscle fibres is incomplete. In this study, age‐related changes in the degree of polysialylation of NCAM re‐expressed after denervation were examined using a monoclonal antibody recognizing polysialic acid and a polyclonal antibody recognizing NCAM. The results show that, after denervation, the degree of polysialylation on NCAM was clearly reduced in rat soleus muscle of aged, compared to young, adult rats. This age‐related change in expression of polysialic acid probably influences the reinnervation process in aged muscle.
Ontogenic development of membrane lipids in the chick optic lobe
Authors: Rivas Emilio A. , Fernández‐Tomé Maria Del Carmen , Biancotti Juan C. , Sterin‐Spezia Norma B. , de Plazas Sara Fiszer 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe developmental profiles of the lipid composition and their de novo synthesis and remodelling in the optic lobe of the chicken were studied. The 32P incorporation to phospholipids showed an active de novo synthesis mainly of phosphatidylinositol and of a particular fraction of phosphatidylcholine during the early stages of the embryo development, concomitantly with the beginning of synaptogenesis. This de novo synthesis of phospholipids strongly increased at hatching. On the other hand, phosphatidylinositol presented an active lipid exchange (acylation‐leacylation) in the early stages of embryogenesis, indicating a strong incorporation of 14C‐arachidonic acid during this period, followed by a fast drop in specific activity. Two different fractions of phosphatidylcholine were isolated by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography with a different profile of fatty acid composition, disclosing their different physicochemical behavior, metabolic activities and evolution during embryogenesis. 32P incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine remained very low during the earliest stages of embryogenesis, showing an increase when the process of synaptogenesis began, until hatching, when radioactivity reached a plateau. 14C‐arachidonic acid incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine was minimal. Furthermore, the phosphatidylethanolamine pool was progressively enriched in its ethanolamine plasmalogen throughout the development. Chromatographic analysis of lipid extracts showed the presence of cerebroside traces after 16 days of embryo incubation. At hatching, a remarkable increase in non‐hydroxylated cerebrosides was observed concurrently with the appearance of hydroxylated ones. These glycosphingolipids, as well as the sulfatides, were markedly increased in the lipid extracts of optic lobes of adult animals, indicating the progressive development and maturity of the myelin sheath.
Inhibition of astroglial cell proliferation by alcohols: interference with the protein kinase C‐phospholipase D signaling pathway
Authors: Kötter Katja , Jin Shenchu , Klein Jochen 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEthanol inhibits astroglial cell proliferation, an effect that may contribute to the development of alcoholic embryopathy in humans. In the present study, we investigated inhibitory effects of ethanol and butanol isomers (1‐, 2‐ and t‐butanol) on astroglial cell proliferation induced by the strongly mitogenic phorbol ester, 4ß‐phorbol‐12α,13ß‐dibutyrate (PDB). 4ß‐Phorbol‐12α,13ß‐dibutyrate (PDB) induced a 10‐fold increase of [3H]thymidine incorporation in cortical astrocytes prepared from newborn rats (EC50: 70 nM) which was blocked by Ro 31‐8220, a cell‐permeable protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Ethanol blocked PDB‐induced astroglial proliferation in a concentration‐dependent manner; significant effects were already seen at 0.1% (v/v). Concomitantly, ethanol caused the formation of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) by phospholipase D (PLD) and reduced PLD‐mediated formation of phosphatidic acid (PA). The butanols also inhibited the mitogenic action of phorbol ester; the inhibitory potency of the butanols was 1‐butanol>2‐butanol>t‐butanol. The same range of potencies was observed for the inhibitory activity of the butanols towards protein kinase C activity measured in vitro. At 0.3% concentration, 1‐butanol potently suppressed the PDB‐induced formation of phosphatidic acid while 2‐ and t‐butanol were less active. Taken together, our results suggest that ethanol and 1‐butanol exert a specific inhibitory effect on PKC‐dependent astroglial cell proliferation by synergistically inhibiting PKC activity and the PLD signaling pathway.
Immortalized hypothalamic luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons induce a functional switch in the growth factor responsiveness of astroglia: involvement of basic fibroblast growth factor
Authors: Avola Roberto , Spina‐Purrello Vittoria , Gallo Francesco , Morale Maria C. , Marletta Nunzio , Costa Antonino , Tirolo Cataldo , Testa Nuccio , Reale Salvatore , Marchetti Bianca 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that astroglial‐derived growth factors (GFs) participate in the development of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons, but it is still unknown whether LHRH neurons may exert a reciprocal modulation of glial cell function. Using immortalized hypothalamic LHRH (GT1‐1) neurons in co‐culture with glial cells, we have recently shown that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) plays a prominent role in the glial‐induced acquisition of the mature LHRH phenotype by GT1‐1 cells. We have resorted to this model and combined biochemical and morphological approaches to study whether the response of glial cells to a number of GFs (including bFGF, insulin‐like growth factor I, IGF‐I, epidermal growth factor, EGF and insulin) expressed during LHRH neuron differentiation, is modulated by co‐culture with pure LHRH neurons. Pre‐treatment of hypothalamic astrocytes with an inactive (‘priming’) dose of bFGF for 12 h powerfully increased astroglia proliferative response to IGF‐I (10 ng/ml), EGF (10 g/ml) and insulin (10 μg/ml), inducing a 65–100% increase in the [3H]thymidine incorporation compared to untreated cultures. When astroglial cells and developing GT1‐1 neurons were co‐cultured for 5 days in vitro (DIV), the [3H]thymidine incorporation was significantly higher than in astroglial cells cultured without neurons. Application of the different GFs to the co‐culture for either 12 or 24 h further stimulated DNA synthesis to various extent according to the GF applied and the time of application. Localization of the proliferating cells by dual immunohistochemical staining, followed by cell counting and bromodeoxiuridine (BrdU) labeling index calculation, revealed that the incorporation of BrdU was restricted to the nuclei of LHRH‐immunopositive neurons. Such changes were accompanied by extensive morphological alterations of astroglial and LHRH fiber networks, whereas neutralization of bFGF activity in GT1‐1 neuron–glial co‐cultures by a bFGF‐antibody, dramatically counteracted the observed effects. The functional switch of astroglia proliferative response to GFs coupled to the potent morphological and functional modifications of developing glia and pure LHRH neurons observed in vitro, support a bidirectional interaction between immortalized LHRH neurons and astroglial cells and identify bFGF as a key player in this crosstalk.
Evolution of the management of depression in Spain from the psychiatrist’s perspective. A comparative analysis: 1997 vs 1982
Authors: López-Ibor J.J. , Alamo C. , López-Muñoz F. , Cuenca E. , Rubio G. , Otero F.J. 
Published: July 2002

summaryThe main problem of depression is not only the high prevalence of the disorder but also its serious consequences on the patient’s quality of life and the associated social costs in terms of health care resource utilization and productivity losses. In recent years, there has been a considerable improvement in the knowledge of depression from the pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic perspectives. The present study analyzes whether such advances are reflected in a positive evolution of the treatment of depression in Spain. To this effect we have contrasted the results of two socio-sanitary studies published in this country: the White Book editions of 1982 and 1997 (WB82 and WB97, respectively). From the methodological perspective, the physician selection criteria employed were very uniform (structured questionnaires delivered to 128 (WB82) and 300 (WB97) randomly selected psychiatrists). The origin of patients consulting for specialized care has varied over this 15-year period. In effect, WB82 patients were essentially referred by friends (87.5%) and from the primary care setting (44.5%), whereas in the WB97 study referral from primary care predominated (50.1%), followed by the patient’s personal decision (24.8%). In turn, 40.7% and 51.7% of the psychiatrists in WB97 respectively considered the diagnostic and therapeutic means available in primary care to be insufficient. The priorities for improving patient quality of life, as reflected by both editions of the study, were the training of primary care physicians and the adequate provision of means in the mental health care centers. On the other hand, fewer problems for establishing a correct diagnosis were referred in the 1997 edition of the study (28.7%) than in 1982 (48.4%). In this sense, the main problem reported in WB82 was the lack of specialized training, whereas the masking of depression by some other disease process or symptoms was the main problem in WB97 (67.6% vs 21.1% according to WB82). The main symptoms upon which the diagnosis of depression are based do not seem to have evolved much in the past 15 years. The most frequently cited manifestations were a worsening of mood, loss of interest and leisure capacity, sleep alterations and diminished vitality. A comparative analysis of the therapeutic resources used was not possible, for prior to 1982 the only drugs available to physicians were the classical tricyclic agents and some MAO inhibitors; the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – possibly the greatest advance in the treatment of depression in these 15 years – had not yet been introduced. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that 98% of the psychiatrists consulted in WB97 considered pharmacologic treatment to be the most widely adopted form of management once depression has been diagnosed.
Systematic review of the impact of beta blockers on mortality and hospital admissions in heart failure
Authors: Shibata Marcelo C. , Flather Marcus D. , Wang Duolao 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHeart failure is a common condition that carries a high burden of mortality and morbidity. Several randomised trials have evaluated the effects of beta blockers in heart failure. This paper gives a systematic overview of published randomised trials of beta blockers in heart failure using standard methods. In all, 22 randomised controlled trials were identified with a total of 10480 patients, and an average of 11 months of treatment. The average age was 61 years and 4% were female. Most studies excluded patients with severe heart failure. Death rates in patients randomised to receive beta blockers compared to controls were 458/5657 (8.0%) and 635/4951 (12.8%) respectively, odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.55–0.72, P < 0.00001. Similar reductions were observed for hospital admissions for worsening heart failure (11.3 vs. 17.1%, respectively, odds ratio 0.63) and for the composite outcome of death or heart‐failure hospital admission (19.4 vs. 26.9%, respectively, odds ratio 0.66). These results show that beta blockers reduce the risk of mortality or the need for heart‐failure hospital admission by approximately one third. Absolute reductions of 5–6% in event rates were observed over approximately 1 year of treatment period. These important benefits should be implemented as a priority, since treatment with beta blockers is inexpensive and heart failure carries a high risk of death and disability. Further information on the effect of beta blockers in elderly patients and women would be helpful.