bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Bifunctional Ionic Liquid [BIL] as Solvent and Catalyst System
for O-Alkylation of Phenols Under Solvent-Free Conditions: An Environmental
Benign Approach
Authors: Jayaraman Sakthinarayanan , Selvarasu Uthayanila , Selvaraj Ganesh Gopalsamy , Parasuraman Karthikeyan 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Bifunctional ionic liquid [BIL] was found to be a highly effective catalyst
for ether synthesis without any inorganic base or solvent. Using this protocol, different aryl substitutions
were reacted with different phenols in good to excellent yields. The BIL is reusable without
any loss in catalytic activity for nine consecutive cycles. The Williamson reaction is a convenient
renovation in fine chemical synthesis since the ethers are important in both bulk and fine industrial
chemicals preparation and academic applications.

Method:
The mixture of the phenol (1mmol), alcohol (1.2 mmol), and BIL ionic liquid (0.3 mol%)
was added to a round-bottomed flask (100 mL) with continuous stirring for 1 hour.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to highlight the use of BIL to synthesize mixed ethers using substituted phenols and to study the reusability in the next cycle.

Results:
The products obtained were phenol and substituted phenols containing withdrawing substituents
in respectable yields. However, the reactions involving substituted phenols containing
electron-donating groups often afford the corresponding products in low yields.

Conclusion:
BIL is found to be an effective catalyst in the etherification of various unsymmetrical
ethers under mild conditions. Bifunctional ionic liquid as a solvent and catalyst will show real rewards
by providing a ‘green’ method with the safer procedure, less reaction time periods, mild
conditions, easy separation, and ionic liquid recycle.
Silent Information Regulator T1 in Aqueous Humor of Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Mimura Tatsuya , Funatsu Hideharu , Noma Hidetaka , Kondo Aki , Mizota Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to compare the aqueous humor level of Silent Information Regulator T1 (SIRT1) between patients with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and cataract patients.

Materials and Methods:
Aqueous humor level of SIRT1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 13 patients with wet-type AMD (n=13, AMD group) and 13 patients with cataracts (cataract group). In addition, the thickness of each retinal layer was determined by optical coherence tomography.

Results:
The aqueous humor level of SIRT1 was significantly lower in the AMD group than in the cataract group (p=0.007). In the AMD group, the SIRT1 level was positively correlated with the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell layer (r=0.31) and the inner nuclear layer (r=0.76).

Conclusion:
The aqueous level of SIRT1 decreased as the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer became thinner, suggesting that reduction of SIRT1 activity might be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Russian Turkestan Expeditions in 1909–1910 and 1914–1915: Findings and Prospects of the Study of Archives
Authors: Buharin Mihail 
Published: October 2021

In 2018–2020, a group of researchers of the project “The Second Russian Turkestan Expedition of Academician Sergei Oldenburg in 1914–1915. Unpublished Materials from RAS Archives” have identified and prepared for publication the entire body of primary scientific documents from RAS archives. The documents fully cover the work of Russian researchers in studying Qianfodong and Turpan Oasis. Through their efforts, the works that undoubtedly represent the greatest achievements of Russian Oriental studies in their entire history are being introduced to academia. The biographies of all the participants of the works have been largely restored, and their previously unknown correspondence has been prepared for publication. The key result of the research was the preparation for publication of Academician Sergei Oldenburg’s “Description of the Qianfodong Caves near Dunhuang”. The importance of Oldenburg’s paper in the site study has only increased over the past century.
The most promising areas for further work include the restoration and preparation for printing of the photographic archive of the Second Russian Turkestan Expedition consisting of over 2,000 images stored in the State Hermitage Museum. The publication of this photographic archive will completely fill a major gap in the history of Russian Oriental studies.
Persepsi dan Harapan Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Mandiri dan BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Denpasar terhadap Kenaikan Iuran dan Keberlanjutan Kepesertaan
Authors: Aulia Indah , Ulandari Luh Putu Sinthya 
Published: October 2021

Presidential Regulation RI No. 64 of 2020 concerning the increase in contributions for Self BPJS Health Participants reaping the pros and cons of the community. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of independent participants and BPJS Kesehatan in Denpasar City about the increase in contributions and sustainability of their memberships. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews. The sample was selected purposively, consisting of 8 independent informants and internal staff of BPJS Kesehatan. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that most of the independent participants rejected the increase in contributions due to the high amount of contributions and the inaccuracy of the increase during the pandemic. However, the increase in contributions has a positive impact on BPJS Health, namely being able to pay off all claims from health facilities. Even so, the independent participants stated that they would continue their participation by reducing the class of healthcare and the BPJS Kesehatan responded it positively. This study concludes that most independent participants have a negative perception of the increase in contributions even though they choose to continue their memberships by decreasing the health care class. Keywords: Increase in contributions, independent participants, Health BPJS, Membership
Abstrak
Peraturan Presiden RI No. 64 Tahun 2020 tentang kenaikan iuran bagi Peserta Mandiri BPJS Kesehatan menuai pro dan kontra dari masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui persepsi peserta mandiri dan BPJS Kesehatan di Kota Denpasar tentang kenaikan iuran dan keberlanjutan kepesertaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam. Sampel dipilih secara purposive, terdiri dari 8 informan peserta mandiri dan staff internal BPJS Kesehatan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta mandiri menolak adanya kenaikan iuran karena kenaikan jumlah iuran yang cukup tinggi dan ketidaktepatan waktu kenaikan di masa pandemik Namun, disisi lain kenaikan iuran memiliki dampak positif bagi BPJS Kesehatan yaitu bisa melunasi seluruh tagihan klaim di fasilitas kesehatan. Meskipun demikian, peserta mandiri menyatakan akan tetap melanjutkan kepesertaan dengan melakukan penurunan kelas rawatan dan pihak BPJS Kesehatan pun merespon positif hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta mandiri mempersepsikan negatif terhadap kenaikan iuran walaupun memilih untuk tetap melanjutkan kepesertaan JKN dengan melakukan penurunan kelas rawatan. Kata kunci: Kenaikan Iuran, Peserta Mandiri, BPJS Kesehatan, Kepesertaan
prevenção do delito como limitador dos fatores sociais de criminalidade
Authors: Pscheidt Ana Cassia Gatelli , Rios Helio Sales 
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho tem como propósito o estudo da prevenção do delito como limitador dos fatores sociais de criminalidade. Didaticamente a pesquisa está dividida em quatro capítulos: criminologia; escola clássica e escola positiva; criminologia sociológica e prevenção do delito e fatores sociais. Sem a intenção de esgotar o assunto, de um modo geral, porém coeso e didático, através da metodologia da pesquisa bibliográfica é traçada breve introdução, histórico da criminologia, a criminologia como ciência autônoma, conceito de criminologia, os objetos de estudo da criminologia, contexto histórico das escolas clássica e positiva; a criminologia sociológica e as teorias que buscam explicar o comportamento do delinquente na sociedade. Na sequência elucidado sobre a prevenção do delito e suas nuances, bem como explorados alguns dos fatores sociais da criminalidade. Finalmente, nas considerações finais deixa para análise e efetivamente traz uma conclusão da prevenção do delito como limitador dos fatores sociais de criminalidade, enfoque esse que dá título ao artigo. A metodologia utilizada para desenvolvimento do artigo é a pesquisa bibliográfica, através do método indutivo, no qual pesquisa-se e identificam-se as partes de um fenômeno e colecionam-se todos, de modo a obter uma conclusão.
Palavras-Chave: Criminologia. Prevenção do delito. Fatores sociais. Criminalidade.
Clinical and laboratory findings in elderly with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Babol, northern Iran – 2017-2019
Authors: Habibi Saleh , Babazadeh Arefeh , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Sabbagh Parisa , Shokri Mehran 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Morbidity and mortality are higher in older adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) than in other age groups. Also, CAP in older adults has various clinical manifestations with other. A higher mortality rate in the elderly with CAP may contribute to a delay in management. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory manifestations of CAP in the elderly. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 221 elderly patients with CAP who were admitted to Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, in Babol, northern of Iran, in 2017-2019. Patient outcomes included 170 cases that recovered from CAP, and 51 cases that died of complications. Patients were evaluated in terms of their clinical and laboratory manifestations. The most common symptoms of pneumonia were cough (79.6%), sputum (73.8%), weakness (72.9%), fever (56%), dyspnea (46.2%). The most frequent underlying disease was ischemic heart disease (43.9%). In our study, clinical and laboratory characteristics in older patients with CAP were evaluated and compared with other studies confirming past findings, but there were differences in some cases, such as vital signs, gastrointestinal symptoms, and disturbance of the level of consciousness. Therefore, it recommends carefully taking the patients’ initial histories and accurately recording their clinical and laboratory symptoms.
Reverse drug distribution in Poland
Authors: Stych Marek , Pawlica Beata 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The trade and distribution of drugs or medicines (the two terms are used interchangeably in the paper) has been evolving throughout the history of European pharmacy. In order to ensure that EU citizens are safe, certain legislative measures had to be taken to prevent the illegal trade in drugs. The problem that affects the Polish pharmaceutical market is the illegal export of medicines. The article attempts to analyse the so-called reverse drug distribution, doing so by employing the dogmatic legal method. The paper ends with de lege ferenda suggestions.
Expo Kewirausahaan Untuk Membangkitkan Minat Berwirausaha dan Pembentukan Karakter Kemandirian
Authors: Nafiati Dewi Amaliah , Hendaryati Neni 
Published: October 2021

membangkitkan minat berwirausaha mahasiswa, 2) expo kewirausahaan dapat membangkitkan pembentukan karakter kemandirian, 3) expo kewirausahaan secara simultan dapat membangkitkan minat berwirausaha dan pembentukan karakter kemandirian.Jenis penelitian ini asosiatif kausal dan dilaksanakan di Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi FKIP, Universitas Pancasakti Tegal. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian populasi dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 67 mahasiswa yang sudah mengikuti mata kuliah praktik kewirausahaan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas digunakan sebagai uji instrumen. Uji normalitas, uji homogenitas varian dan homogenitas varian menjadi prasyarat kualitas data, sedangkan manova digunakan sebagai uji hipotesisnya.Instrumen valid sebanyak 43 butir dengan reliabilitas masuk dalam kriteria cukup-tinggi.Â Hasil uji normalitas menunjukkan hasil bahwa nilai signifikansi variabel XY1 sebesar 0,882 dan nilai signifikansi variabel XY2 sebesar 0,711. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa data residual berdistribusi normal. Hasil uji Levene menunjukkanÂ bahwa nilai signifikansi minat berwirausaha sebesar 0,576 dan signifikansi karakter kemandirian sebesar 0,457. Nilai keduanya >0,05 maka dapat dikatakan bahwa Y1 dan Y2 memiliki varian yang homogen, sehingga manova bisa dilanjutkan. Dilihat dari signifikansi Boxâ€™s M sebesar 0,227. Artinya nilai tersebut tidak signifikan atau > 0,05, sehingga covarian dinyatakan sama dan analisis maova dapat dilanjutkan. Hasil uji manova menyatakan bahwa: 1) expo kewirausahaan dapat membangkitkan minat berwirausaha mahasiswa, 2) expo kewirausahaan dapat membangkitkan karakter kemandirian mahasiswa, 3) minat berwirausaha dan karakter kemandirian mahasiswa dapat dibangkitkan melalui expo kewirausahaan.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK TEKNIK OUTBOUND UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMUNIKASI ANTAR PRIBADI MAHASISWA
Authors: Herdiani Renie Tri , Mulyani Mulyani 
Published: October 2021

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, komunikasi antar pribadi akan selalu terjadi tak terkecuali di lingkungan kampus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan model bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik outbound yang efektif untuk meningkatkan komunikasi antar pribadi mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D), desain penelitian one group pretest and posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model bimbingan kelompok teknik outbound untuk meningkatkan komunikasi antar pribadi mahasiswa yang efektif dikembangkan melalui 10 komponen dan lebih menekankan pada tahap kegiatan melalui the briefing dalam bentuk focus discussion. Kesimpulan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok mempunyai peran penting dalam mengembangkan kemampuan komunikasi antar pribadi mahasiswa terutama dengan teknik outbound sehingga perlu dikembangkan lagi dengan ide-ide yang lebih kreatif agar bisa digeneralisasikan.Â KataÂ Kunci: Bimbingan Kelompok Teknik Outboud, Komunikasi Antar Pribadi
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa
Authors: Suriswo  , Sumartono  
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK
Secara umum tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerapkan model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa . Secara khusus tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1).Mengetahui dan menganalisis kondisi pembelajaran di SD Kagok sebelum menerapkan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). (2).Menganalisis efektivitas model pembelajaran CTL dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hasil belajar sebelumnya yang tidak menggunakan model pembelajaran CTL di SD Negeri Kagok. Kecamatan Slawi kabupaten Tegal. Mengetahui bentuk dukungan kepala sekolah, guru-guru lain serta fasilitas dalam penyelenggaraan model pembelajaran CTL. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan disain eksperimen pre and post test. Dalam fase ini tercakup beberapa kegiatan, yakni; (a) melakukan tes awal (pretest), (b) melaksanakan onservasi, interview/wawancara, (c) melakukan tes akhir (posttest). Melakukan tes awal (pretest) kepadasatu kelompok/kelas sebelum menerapkan model CTL Mengadakan tes akhir (posttest) kepada kelompok/kelas setelah diterapkan model CTL. Melakukan analisis dengan membandingkan skor pre test dan post test dengan uji t. Dari hasil perhitungan dengan uji t diperoleh , uji t empiris lebih besar dari uji t dalam tabel, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran CTL lebih efektif.
Contrast extravasation from basilar artery without aneurysm formation on digital subtraction angiography in computed tomography angiogram-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case report
Authors: Nakajima Hideki , Tsuchiya Takuro , Shimizu Shigetoshi , Suzuki Hidenori 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The causes of angiogram-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on initial angiography, which accounts for 10–30% of spontaneous SAH, are heterogeneous and still unclear. We report a case of nonaneurysmal SAH, in which initial computed tomographic angiography (CTA) showed no source of bleeding, but the subsequent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed contrast extravasation from the basilar artery without aneurysms.

Case Description:
A 67-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension presented as SAH of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Grade II. CTA on admission did not show any cause of bleeding and DSA was subsequently performed to show contrast extravasation from a perforator of the middle third of the basilar artery without aneurysms during the subsequent DSA, resulting in profound deterioration SAH and neurological status. The patient was conservatively treated. Follow-up DSAs on days 2 and 16 showed no source of bleeding as well.

Conclusion:
Although the precise cause of bleeding in this case is uncertain, SAH might be caused by local dissection of the basilar artery perforator, and the bleeding site might heal spontaneously without forming of a pseudoaneurysm.
Investigation for dynamics of water quality parameters in the Kara Sea and the adjacent Kara Sea shelf on the basis of archive and time-sensitive satellite observations
Authors: Кириллов В.В. , Печкин А.С. , Ковалевская Н.М. , Павлов В.Е. , Котовщиков А.В. , Семчуков А.Н. , Мышляков С.Г. , Скачкова А.С. , Скороспехова Т.В. , Хворова Л.А. , Колисниченко Н.А. 
Published: October 2021

В работе использованы судовые и спутниковые данные RapidEye, Terra/ASTER
и Landsat-8 (2015) и данные спутника MERIS/ENVISAT (2003–2011 гг.). Построены
корреляционные соотношения (коэффициент детерминации от 0.85 до 0.94) между концентрациями оптически активных веществ и данными спутников RapidEye,
Terra/ASTER и Landsat-8. Эти соотношения продемонстрировали оптическую
сложность вод исследуемых акваторий и необходимость использовать данные наборов диапазонов (CoastalBlue, Green, RedEdge) для детального мониторинга фитопланктона и желтого вещества в заливах Карского моря. На основе нечеткого кластерного анализа излучений водных объектов получены классы оптически сложных поверхностных вод исследуемой акватории. С помощью нейросетевого моделирования представлена динамика концентраций оптически активных веществ за
почти десятилетний период. Получены характеристики относительной устойчивости процессов, связанных с хлорофиллом, взвешенным веществом и растворенной
органикой, а также пространственные детали эстуарной фронтальной зоны.
Ship and time-sensitive satellite (RapidEye, Terra/ASTER, Landsat-8) data of
2015 are used for analysis. Depth Delft3D-maps is a tool for preliminary analysis.
Statistical relationships (determination coefficient changes from 0.92 to 0.99) between
optically active substance concentrations and apparent optical properties are revealed.
The relationships show optical complexity of the studied area waters and necessity to
use the bands (CoastalBlue, Green, RedEdge) for detailed monitoring of phytoplankton
and yellow matter in the Kara Sea bays.
Fuzzy cluster analysis of water reflectance was applied for MERIS/ENVISAT data
(2003–2011). On this basis, classes of optically complex surface waters of the study area
were obtained. By the help of neural network modelling, the dynamics of concentrations
of optically active constituents is presented for almost a decade. Characteristics of
the relative stability of processes associated with chlorophyll, suspended matter and
dissolved organic matter as well as spatial details of the estuary front zone were found.
Regular satellite data of high resolution and development of the presented methods are
necessary for further monitoring of arctic water quality.
Comparative analysis of MOGA and NSGA-II on the case study of optimization for the profile of the hydraulic turbine runner
Authors: Гарагулова Анастасия Керимовна , Горбачева Дарья Олеговна , Чирков Денис Владимирович 
Published: October 2021

Проведено сравнение генетических алгоритмов MOGA и NSGA-II на тестовых задачах и задаче оптимизации формы рабочего колеса гидротурбины. Рассмотрен модифицированный алгоритм NSGA-IIm, в котором операторы рекомбинации и мутации заимствованы из MOGA. Для сравнения скорости сходимости алгоритмов использована метрика, характеризующая расстояние от приближенного фронта Парето до точного. Представлены результаты решения тестовой задачи
Purpose. The main goal of this article is to compare two popular multi-objective genetic algorithms MOGA and NSGA-II by solving test problems and a practical problem of hydraulic turbine runner optimization. Modification of NSGA-II called NSGA-IIm is also considered. The major problem is to compare convergence rates of approximate solution to the exact Pareto front. Methodology. The genetic algorithms MOGA and NSGA-II are described in detail. The modified algorithm NSGA-IIm is NSGA-II with the recombination and mutation operators taken from the MOGA algorithm. The known problems ZDT3 (2 objectives, 30 and 12 parameters, no constraints) and OSY (2 objectives, 6 parameters, 6 constraints) are taken as test problems. These algorithms are compared by solving runner optimization problem with 24 free parameters and 2 or 3 objectives. To compare the algorithms, a metric characterizing the distance from the approximate Pareto front to the exact one is introduced. Since the algorithms are stochastic in nature, the value of the metric was averaged over 100 runs of the algorithm. In the two-objective runner optimization problem the metric value was averaged over 3 runs of the algorithm. Findings. Solving the test problems, it was found that in the first 50 generations the MOGA algorithm converges faster than other algorithms, but after 50 generations the NSGA-II algorithm has shown the best result. The MOGA algorithm gives an approximate front containing more solutions than NSGA-II. When solving the two-objective and the three-objective runner optimization problem the similar results were obtained. The approximate Pareto front, obtained by the MOGA algorithm, is distributed more uniformly than other algorithms and contains a larger number of solutions. The advantage of the algorithms NSGA-II and NSGA-IIm is a slightly better definition of extreme values of target functionals. However, the obtained differences are not very significant. Originality/value. Obtained results show that both MOGA and NSGA-II are very similar in terms of convergence rate and can be applied for solving complex engineering problems.