bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eugene O'Neill, George Bellows, and the Lincoln Arcade
Authors: Brietzke Zander 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
O'Neill lived in the New York studio of Ashcan artist George Bellows for about nine months in 1908–9. Bread and Butter (1914) is ostensibly about an O'Neill-like hero, a painter, whose family destroys him because it fails to or refuses to understand him. The real hero, though, is the protagonist's roommate, modeled after Bellows, whose eventual hard-earned success prompts the protagonist to commit suicide in despair. O'Neill dramatizes for the first time the tragedy of abandoned hopes and dreams, a subject and theme he pursues next with Beyond the Horizon, then The Great God Brown (1925), and finally Long Day's Journey Into Night (1941). His early vow to become “an artist or nothing” can be evaluated in terms of his relationship with Bellows, to whom he would compare and against whom he would compete throughout his career.
FRUTO AMAZÔNICO TEM EFEITO PRÓ-CICATRICIAL EM MODELO DE FERIDA IN VITRO
Authors: Monteiro Pillar Danieli , Esteves Ribeiro Filho Euler , Farina Azzolin Verônica , Bonotto Nathália , Aguiar Maia-Ribeiro Ednea , Beatrice Mânica da Cruz Ivana , Barbisan Fernanda 
Published: April 2021

Introdução: O envelhecimento cutâneo, é um fenômeno fisiológico gradativo que envolve degradação do colágeno, estresse oxidativo e inflamação, esses aspectos somados ao fato de muitos idosos terem dificuldade de movimentação ou serem portadores de outras doenças como o diabetes, favorecem o aparecimento de lesões de pele de difícil cicatrização, as quais prejudicam qualidade de vida e são um problema de saúde pública. O Camu-camu (Myrciaria dúbia) é um fruto Amazônico, com alto teor de vitamina C e outras molécula bioativas que podem ter efeito pró-cicatricial. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do Camu-camu na cicatrização em modelo in vitro de lesão de pele. Metodologia: Linhagem celular de fibroblastos (HFF-1) obtida comercialmente e cultivada em condições padrão, submetida a uma arranhadura (modelo de lesão in vitro) e após suplementada com extrato de Camu-camu, concentrações de 250μG/mL e 500 μG/mL, após 24 e 72 horas avaliou-se a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) via ensaio da 2,7 diclorofluoresceína diacetato e o efeito na cicatrização através da comparação das imagens microscópicas via Digimizer Image Analysis Software para avaliação da arranhadura. Resultados: Ambas as concentrações do extrato de Camu-camu, em 24 e 72 horas, atuaram na diminuição da produção de EROs, o Camu-camu induziu aumento na taxa de migração dos fibroblastos para o local da arranhadura, juntamente com a ampliação da proliferação celular, ou seja, favoreceu a cicatrização. Conclusão: O efeito pró-cicatrização do Camu-Camu foi demonstrado sendo este o primeiro estudo do tipo, entretanto mais estudos precisam ser realizados para confirmação desta hipótese.
Three new Luticola D.G.Mann (Bacillariophyta) species from Rapa Nui (Easter Island) found in terrestrial diatom assemblages dominated by widely distributed taxa
Authors: Peszek Łukasz , Rybak Mateusz , Lange-Bertalot Horst , Kociolek John Patrick , Witkowski Andrzej 
Published: April 2021

Background
Rapa Nui (Easter Island = Isla de Pasqua) is of volcanic origin, best known for about 900 man-made stone statues known as moai. It is one of the most isolated inhabited islands on Earth and studies on the diatoms of Rapa Nui are very few.

Methods
Light (LM) and electron microscopic (SEM) observations of a single sample collected from Rapa Nui are presented. The samples (mix of soil and organic detritus) were collected from ground of cave entrance.

Results
The samples were characterized by low diatom diversity and strongly dominated by terrestrial (soil) forms. Among the taxa present in the material studied were cosmopolitan forms of the genera Humidophila, Nitzschia, Angusticopula, Orthoseira, Tryblionella and Luticola. Whereas most of taxa of the enumerated genera were identifiable, only one among four Luticola species distinguished in the samples studied was identified. This taxon was L. ectorii, a cosmopolitan species known previously from South America (Brazil) and Asia (China). The three remaining species could not be assigned to any established species. Therefore, based on external and internal morphological features from light and scanning electron microscopic analysis, we describe here three species new to science, including: L. georgzizkae, L. rapanuiensis and L. moaiorum. All three taxa new to science are compared to established Luticola species and their significance for the global distribution of the genus is discussed.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Healthcare Providers on Covid-19 in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bassandja Ossinga , Yakusu Issa , Kampunzu Muyobela , Bokota Lofoli , Folo Baelongandi , Isongibi Gilbert Bokungu , Likwela Losimba 
Published: April 2021

Objective: Our study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of healthcare providers towards Covid-19 in general hospitals in the city of Kisangani.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken among the providers of these general hospitals. KAP on Covid-19 were assessed using a survey questionnaire.
Results: Female providers were predominant (64%). The majority of respondents were between 25 and 34 years old. 21 were general practitioners (16.7%). The majority had sufficient knowledge (92.2%) provided mainly by radio and television. 77 had a negative attitude towards the possibility of containing the disease; and 88.1% had good practices with regard to Covid-19.
Relational Analysis of Profile of Bt Cotton Growers with their Adoption of Integrated Pest Management for Controlling Pink Bollworm
Authors: Deshmukh J. M. , Ghuge B. Y. 
Published: April 2021

Maharashtra state particular has faced the problem of control of pink bollworm in cotton as a more pronounced during last year and the incidence has been identified from the middle of crop season seriously damaging the cotton in late pickings. Hence the Pink bollworm of Bt. (Bacillus thuringiensis) otton is the major pest in observed in this state. So the present study was conducted in Beed district of Marathwada region from Maharashtra state. In Beed district and three tehsils namely Beed, Wadwani and Majalgaonwere randomly selected on the basis of area under Bt cotton. From each tehsils 4 villages were randomly selected and from each village 10 respondents were randomly selected to comprise 120 respondents. How profile characters affecting adoption of IPM in Bt Cotton was the major objective of the study. Regarding independent variables age had negative significant relationship with their adoption of Integrated Pest Management for controlling pink bollworm. Independent variables of: i) education, ii) occupation, iii) land holding, iv) annual income, v) social participation, vi) economicmotivation, vii) innovativeness, viii) ix) risk orientation, and x) knowledge had significant relationship withtheir adoption of Integrated Pest Management for controlling pink bollworm and extension mcontact had positive and highly significant relationship with their adoption of Integrated Pest Management for controlling pink bollworm.
Anatomical Description of the Bony Segments that Make Up the Skull of the Puma Concolor Species
Authors: Saldivia Manuel , Castro Leandro , Zapata Katherine , Cardenas P. 
Published: April 2021

The Puma concolor is one of the largest carnivores present in Chile, although its size varies according to the geographical area in which it is found. It is increasingly common to find them outside their habitat and more in our environment. Its ecology, reproduction and nutritional aspects are known, but very little about its anatomy, which creates a challenge in the veterinary morphological area that needs strengthening.
The present study consisted of an anatomical description of the skull of five adult specimens of Puma concolor (2 female and 3 male) in the veterinary anatomy laboratory of the Santo Tomás University, of the Puerto Montt headquarters and the Austral University of Valdivia headquarters. , which allowed a detailed study on the bone conformation of each structure present in the skull of these specimens. This allowed us to achieve results of morphological interests and deepening in the anatomy of this species.
The Serological Basis of the Correlation between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Thyroid Disorders in Women: A Community Based Study
Authors: Islam Riazul , Akter Kazi Mahmuda , Rahman Atikur , Khanam Nurun Nahar , Azad Salauddin Al , Islam Md. Raihanul , Farjana Mithila , Rahman Mohammad Habibur , Badal Md. Nasir Uddin , Ahmed Sharmin , Assaduzzaman . 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), a global public health problem may have an inimical effect on thyroid function, especially in women and children. This study was conducted to inspect the correlation between IDA and thyroid disorders in women of Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 452 women of different age groups in particular regions of Bangladesh presenting anemic symptoms and were confirmed anemic after testing of serum hemoglobin levels less than 12 g/dL. To identify the correlation between iron deficiency anemia and thyroid disorders; serum samples were tested quantitatively through standardized methods considering serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4), and vitamin D levels as parameters. Post clinical diagnosis statistical analysis, graphical presentations of the complex clinical data was generated using advanced computer programming language and bio-analytical tools.
Results: A positive correlation between hypothyroidism and IDA in women was discovered in this study as 24.69% of patients with IDA from 0-60 years were found suffering from hypothyroidism simultaneously; with the highest percentage (38.46%) amongst the 31-40 years of age and 26% of iron-deficient females of reproductive age (15-49 years) were suffering from hypothyroidism. Moreover, the association between congenital hypothyroidism and IDA was noticed in 50% of cases above all.
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism was found quite common among the women of different age groups who were previously reported with acute to chronic anemia symptoms due to iron deficiency.
A Systematic Review of the Clinical Studies in Humans for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis and Clinical Trials
Authors: Belachew Girum Tefera , Hanumanthaiah Paramesh , Namo Fekede Meshesha , Tekelemariam Bitaniya Abera 
Published: April 2021

Background: In December 2019 Chinese higher officials have acknowledged a number of cases of pneumonia happened in Wuhan, China with those patients who used the seafood from market selling live animals. At the end of December 2019, a kind of new pneumonia feast quickly in Wuhan, China, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCov).
Objective: Systematic analysis of the completed clinical trials in humans due to coronavirus disease in 2019 between January 12, 2020, to May 30, 2020 in 11 countries and possibly to recommend the ways to overcome the COV-2 pandemic.
Methods: Clinical studies completed in humans for the treatment of coronavirus disease in 2019 were looked for two databases, namely PubMed and Scopus. Based on the search terms, a total of 369 articles were downloaded. Of the total 369 articles, 38 duplicate articles were removed and 331 articles were screened with objective criterion. From the 331 articles, 168 articles were screened for excluded based on abstract screening and left with 163. Based on the exclusion criteria, 82 review articles, 51 articles not related to SARSCOV- 2 and 4 articles not written in English, in total 137 articles were excluded. Eventually, 26 articles were reviewed with required parameters for conclusive remarks.
Results: Of all the completed human clinical trials conducted in 11 countries obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/, the total patients included in the clinical trials from January 12, 2020 to May 30, 2020 were 6130. Out of them 1060 (17.29%) were only females and the rest 5070 (82.71%) were both males and females. From all patients studied, 163 patients were 30-70 years old, 60 patients were 60 years old, 2531 patients were of all age groups and the rest 3376 patients were ≥ 18 years old. Of all the completed clinical trials in 11 countries, eight different interventional models and four study types were used.
Conclusion: From the analysis of segregated results it is apparent that there was inclusion of patients with varied age group in the studies conducted with very less amount of patients from ≤ 18 years old, old age group and only females. The prime reason for least percentage inclusion of different age groups could be the weaker inherent immune response for the pandemic. COVID-19 can cause a conceivably deadly infection in humans. The most typical clinical manifestations reported by patients with coronavirus disease in 2019 were fever, cough, and expectoration. Approval of vaccines for control of COVID-19 is yet to be officially done, although now few vaccines are administered. Knowing the way to enter the cell and the mechanism on how to escape the immune system can be the potential targets to develop a novel SARS-COV-2 treatment protocol.
Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Spectroscopic Analysis Methanolic Extract of Asteracantha Longifolia (Nees.)
Authors: Veerakumar D. , Muthulingam M. 
Published: April 2021

The present investigation was focused on the preliminary phytochemical, UV-VIS spectrum and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral analysis of Asteracantha longifolia. The Methanolic extract from the leaves of Asteracantha longifolia were tested for the availability of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, proteins, Terpenoids, Phenols, Steroids, Glycosides and Carbohydrates. The UV-VIS profile demonstrated various peaks ranging from 400-700 nm with various Extract respectively. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the presence of secondary alcohols, alkanes, alkynes, aromatics, alkenes, sulphur, phosphorus, esters, hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds (amines) in methanolic extract. The results of this study offer a platform of using Asteracantha longifolia leaves as herbal alternative for various diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular etc. The results of this study offer a platform of using Asteracantha longifolia leaves as herbal alternative for various diseases including cancer and diabetic.
The Histopathological Study of Gastrointestinal Polyps
Authors: Subramanian Vidhya , Rao G. Bheema , Thanka J. 
Published: April 2021

Polyps covered by non-neoplastic squamous epithelium may develop anywhere in the esophagus. Squamous polyps may be divided in to two types: Inflammatory polyps and squamous papillomas. To study the incidence and morphology of Gastro Intestinal Tract polyps from specimens received at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. To analyze the incidence and morphological features of malignancies associated with polyps. Of the 102 cases, intestinal cancer was found predominately 51(50%) followed by stomach. The ages ranged from 17 to 77 yrs and average was 44 yrs. The female ratio was 0.77. Expression of P53 was varied with the property of the polyps and it could be a useful marker for determining the treatment regime.
Conservative treatment of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) of the cervix
Authors: Lee S.S.N. , Collins R.J. , Pun T.C. , Cheng D.K.L , Ngan H.Y.S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To assess the accuracy of the cervical smear and colposcopy in diagnosing low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and the natural history of LSIL. Method: The cytological, colposcopic and histological findings of 145 patients with a smear diagnosis of LSIL were compared, and the final outcome studied. Results: The diagnosis of LSIL either by cytology alone or in combination with colposcopy was associated with a rate of overdiagnosis of 11.7% and 6.9%, respectively, and a rate of underdiagnosis of 31.0% and 26.2%, respectively. Spontaneous regression of lesions occurred in 81.1% of patients with proven LSIL, with regression within 24 months in 4/5 of cases. Conclusions: The degree of dysplasia shown in the cervical smear correlated poorly with histology. All patients with cervical smear showing LSIL should have colposcopy and colposcopic‐directed biopsy to exclude the presence of more advanced lesions. In the absence of some serious lesions, it is then acceptable to observe the patient for 24 months before adopting definite treatment, as spontaneous regression is common.
Extending the treatment boundaries: Zoladex and add‐back
Authors: Schlaff W.D 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To review the evidence that add‐back hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can ameliorate the metabolic consequences of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment in women with symptomatic endometriosis. Methods: A review of relevant literature. Results: Early studies suggested that add‐back HRT maintained bone mineral density (BMD) without reducing the symptomatic benefit of GnRH treatment. Both high‐dose progestogen and low dose progestogen plus cyclical etidronate are effective in maintaining BMD. Standard and low dose HRT add‐back may be more effective in relieving the hypo‐estrogenic side‐effects of GnRH agonist therapy. Randomized controlled studies have shown that both low‐dose and standard‐dose add‐back HRT reduce the side‐effects of GnRH agonist therapy, and that this benefit extends to 12 months of treatment. Conclusions: GnRH agonist treatment with add‐back HRT seems to offer the hope of improved treatment for women with endometriosis, but the optimum treatment duration and time to start HRT have yet to be defined.
GABAergic system in the developing mammalian retina: dual sources of GABA at early stages of postnatal development
Authors: Yamasaki Edna N. , Barbosa Valéria D. , de Mello Fernando G. , Hokoç Jan Nora 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the present work, we have characterized the maturation of the GABAergic system in mammalian retina. Immunoreactivity for GABA, GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase, EC 4.1.1.15) ‐65 and ‐67 in the adult rat retina was localized in cells in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. This pattern was established around postnatal day 8 and included transient GABA and GAD‐67 expression in horizontal cells. GAD activity was very low at P1 and P4, increasing after P8, reaching maximal activity by P21 and decreasing to attain adult values by P30. GABA content was approximately constant from P1 to P13, increasing thereafter to reach adult levels. GAD protein content increased progressively with postnatal development and the two isoforms could be distinguished at P8.The disparity between retinal GABA content vs presence and activity of the synthesizing enzyme, led us to investigate the alternative pathway for GABA synthesis that utilizes putrescine as a substrate. Highest levels of ornithine decarboxylase activity (the limiting step for putrescine synthesis) were found between P1 and P4, decreasing to very low levels after P13. The same pattern was observed for putrescine content in the retina. Highest amounts were found at P1, that decreased and remained constant after P13. Additionally, approximately 40% of tritiated putrescine incorporated by P1, P4 and adult retinas was converted into GABA.Our results suggest the existence of two different sources of GABA in mammalian retina, one that uses glutamate as a precursor and predominates in the mature nervous system and another that utilizes putrescine and is present transiently at early developmental stages.
Pharmacotherapeutic profile of venlafaxine
Authors: Preskorn S 
Published: July 2002

SummaryWhen selecting an antidepressant, a number of factors must be considered. These considerations are summarized under the mnemonic STEPS: Safety, Tolerability, Efficacy, Payment (eg, cost-effectiveness), and Simplicity of use. Venlafaxine is the first of a new class of antidepressants that selectively blocks the serotonin and noradrenaline uptake pumps without blocking muscarinic, histaminergic and adrenergic receptors or inhibiting sodium fast channels. Because venlafaxine avoids these mechanisms of action, it has a wide therapeutic index, an improved tolerability profile and a reduced risk of causing pharmacodynamically mediated drug-drug interactions when compared to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). In contrast to some other new antidepressants, venlafaxine also avoids effects on cytochrome P450 which are likely to cause clinically meaningful, pharmacokinetically mediated drug-drug interactions. The effects on the uptake pumps of both serotonin and noradrenaline appear to be responsible for some of venlafaxine's unique features in terms of antidepressant efficacy, including its ascending antidepressant dose-response curve and its apparent rapid onset of antidepressant action at the upper end of its clinically relevant dosing range. Venlafaxine is effective in a broad spectrum of patients, including outpatients and inpatients, those with and without melancholia, patients with symptoms of anxiety or agitation or retardation and patients with first time or recurrent episodes of major depression. An important factor when selecting an antidepressant is the simplicity of the dosing regimen and the ability to rapidly and confidently achieve the optimal dose for the patient. In this regard, venlafaxine can be initiated at a clinically effective dose from the beginning. If the patient fails to respond to this dose, there is evidence that increased antidepressant efficacy can be achieved by increasing the dose rather than having to resort to an augmentation strategy or switch to another class of antidepressants. In the immediate release form, venlafaxine has proven antidepressant efficacy when using a twice-or three-times-a-day schedule. A sustained release formulation is expected to be marketed soon and will permit once-a-day-dosing.
Intravenous magnesium sulfate for bronchial hyperreactivity: A randomized, controlled, double‐blind study
Authors: Schenk Peter , Vonbank Karin , Schnack Beate , Haber Paul , Lehr Stephan , Smetana Ronald 
Published: July 2002

BackgroundMagnesium has been shown to be helpful in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma. Conflicting data exist concerning the effect of magnesium on bronchial hyperreactivity.MethodsWe performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to investigate the effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on bronchial reactivity to metacholine in 30 subjects with bronchial hyperreactivity. Two days after baseline metacholine provocation, 20 subjects received 0.3 mmol/kg/h of intravenous magnesium sulfate and 10 subjects received normal saline solution. Metacholine provocation was repeated 30 minutes after the initiation of the magnesium or placebo infusion.ResultsThe difference of the postinterventional minus the baseline provocative dose of metacholine required to decrease the forced expiratory volume in 1 second by 20% (PC20) was significantly higher in the magnesium group compared with the placebo group (0.48 ± 0.46 mg/mL versus 0.05 ± 0.73 mg/mL, P = .028). In the magnesium group, the PC20 significantly increased (from 0.83 ± 0.54 mg/mL to 1.31 ± 0.66 mg/mL, P = .0001), whereas there was no change in the placebo group (0.86 ± 0.52 mg/mL to 0.91 ± 0.54 mg/mL, P = .83).ConclusionsIn the magnesium group, 30% of the subjects reached a normal PC20 compared with 10% in the placebo group. We conclude that intravenous magnesium sulfate significantly improved bronchial hyperreactivity and may serve as an adjunct to standard treatment.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69, 365–371; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.114926