bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserving wintering frugivorous birds in agro‐ecosystems under land use change: Lessons from intensive and super‐intensive olive orchards
Authors: Morgado Rui , Pedroso Rui , Porto Miguel , Herrera José M. , Rego Francisco , Moreira Francisco , Beja Pedro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Fleshy fruit production is becoming more intensive worldwide, but how this affects frugivorous birds is poorly known. In the Mediterranean region, intensive and super‐intensive olive orchards are fast expanding, potentially affecting millions of wintering songbirds. Here, we test the idea that intensification may benefit frugivorous birds, at least locally, due to increased fruit availability, while negatively affecting the wider wintering bird community due to intensive management, structural simplification and landscape homogenisation.

We estimated olive abundance and surveyed birds in early, mid‐ and late winter, at traditional, intensive and super‐intensive orchards in southern Portugal. We used Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities to relate species richness, prevalence and abundance to management intensity, winter period, olive availability and landscape context, and evaluated the role of frugivory in modulating observed responses.

Olive availability was much higher throughout the winter in more intensive than in traditional orchards, both in trees and on the ground. Frugivorous bird abundance was higher in more intensive orchards, and the most abundant frugivorous species (blackcap, song thrush, robin) were positively affected by olive availability and/or increasing landscape cover by olive orchards, while intensification level had relatively minor effects after accounting for other variables. Non‐frugivorous richness and abundance were higher in traditional orchards, and many non‐frugivorous species had lower prevalence in more intensive orchards or were negatively affected by landscapes dominated by olive cultivation.

Synthesis and applications. While negatively affecting the wider bird community, our results suggest that olive farming intensification can contribute to sustaining large numbers of frugivorous birds in the Mediterranean region. As frugivorous birds are not seen as damaging by olive farmers, there is an opportunity to promote their conservation in intensive and super‐intensive orchards, which requires management to increase habitat heterogeneity, and to reduce risks such as mortality associated with mechanical harvest and contamination with pesticide residues. Overall, we recommend that efforts to manage farmland biodiversity should consider the impacts and conservation opportunities of fruit crop intensification.
Choice of primary and secondary outcomes in randomised controlled trials evaluating treatment for uterine fibroids: a systematic review
Authors: Amoah A , Chiu S , Quinn SD 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCore outcome sets aim to reduce research heterogeneity and standardise reporting, allowing meaningful comparisons between studies.ObjectivesTo report on outcomes used in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating uterine fibroid treatments, towards the development of a core outcome set for fibroid research.Selection strategyDatabase search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL (inception to July 2021) for all English‐language RCTs involving surgical or radiological fibroid treatments.Data collection and analysisA total of 1885 texts were screened for eligibility by two reviewers independently according to PRISMA methodology. JADAD and Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Cleft Palate (MOMENT) scores were used to assess methodological and outcome reporting quality of studies, respectively. Outcomes were mapped to nine domains. Non‐parametric tests for correlation and to compare group medians were undertaken.Main resultsThere were 23 primary outcomes (23 outcome measures) and 173 secondary outcomes (95 outcome measures) reported in 60 RCTs (5699 participants). The domains with highest frequency of primary outcomes reported were bleeding and quality of life (QoL). The most frequent primary outcomes were postoperative pain, QoL and menstrual bleeding. No primary outcomes were mapped to fertility domains. Median MOMENT outcome score was 5 (interquartile range 3). There was correlation between MOMENT outcome score and JADAD scores (r = 0.491,P = 0.0001), publishing journal impact factor (r = 0.419,P = 0.008) and publication year (r = 0.332,P = 0.01).ConclusionThere is substantial variation in the outcomes reported in fibroid RCTs. There is a need for a core outcome set for fibroid research, to allow improved understanding regarding the effects of different treatments.Tweetable abstractThere is substantial variation in outcomes reported in uterine fibroid randomised controlled trials.
Incidence and risk factors of female urinary incontinence: a 4‐year longitudinal study among 24 985 adult women in China
Authors: Pang H , Lv J , Xu T , Li Z , Gong J , Liu Q , Wang Y , Wang J , Xia Z , Li Z , Li L , Zhu L 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of urinary incontinence (UI), including its subtypes stress UI (SUI), urgency UI (UUI) and mixed UI (MUI), and to examine risk factors for de novo SUI and UUI in Chinese women.DesignNationwide longitudinal study.SettingSix geographic regions of China.ParticipantsWomen aged ≥20 years old were included using a multistage, stratified, cluster sampling method.MethodsThis study was conducted between May 2014 and March 2016, with follow up in 2018. Data on demographics, medical history, lifestyle and physiological and anthropometric information were collected.Main outcome measurementsIncidence, rate ratio (RR).ResultsAnalyses included 24 985 women (mean age 41.9 years).The follow‐up response rate was 55.5%, median follow‐up time was 3.7 years. The standardised incidences of UI, SUI, UUI and MUI were 21.2, 13.1, 3.0 and 5.1 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. Risk factors for de novo SUI included delivery pattern (vaginal spontaneous delivery RR 2.12, 95% CI 1.62–2.78 and instrumental delivery RR 3.30, 95% CI 1.99–5.45), high body mass index (BMI) (overweight RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.33–1.74 and obesity RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.32–2.11), cigarette smoking (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.12–2.12), chronic cough (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.17–1.76), diabetes (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.60) and older age (50–59 years RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16–1.90 and 60–69 years RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22–2.13).The risk factors significantly associated with de novo UUI were age (RR increased from 1.21, 95% CI 0.74–1.99, at 30–39 years to 6.3, 95% CI 3.85–10.30, at >70 years) and diabetes (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05–2.09).ConclusionsThe incidence of female UI is 21.2 per 1000 person‐years in China. Delivery (vaginal spontaneous delivery, instrumental delivery), high BMI, cigarette smoking, chronic cough, diabetes and older age were risk factors.Tweetable abstractThe incidence of female urinary incontinence was 21.2 per 1000 person‐years in China. Delivery, BMI, diabetes and old age are risk factors.
Proposed domains for assessing postpartum recovery: a concept elicitation study
Authors: Sultan P , Jensen SE , Taylor J , El‐Sayed Y , Carmichael S , Cella D , Angst MS , Gaudilliere B , Lyell DJ , Carvalho B 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo propose postpartum recovery domains.DesignConcept elicitation study.SettingSemi‐structured interviews.PopulationTen writing committee members and 50 stakeholder interviews (23 postpartum women, nine general obstetricians, five maternal and fetal medicine specialists, eight nurses and five obstetric anaesthetists).MethodsAlternating interviews and focus group meetings until concept saturation was achieved (no new themes discussed in three consecutive interviews). Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed, and an iterative coding process was used to identify domains.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was to identify recovery domains. We also report key symptoms and concerns. Discussion frequency and importance scores (0–100; 0 = not important; 100 = vitally important to recovery) were used to rank domains. Discussion frequency was used to rank factors helping and hindering recovery, and to determine the greatest challenges experienced postpartum.ResultsThirty‐four interviews and two focus group meetings were performed. The 13 postpartum recovery domains identified, (ranked highest to lowest) were: psychosocial distress, surgical/medical factors, infant feeding and breast health, psychosocial support, pain, physical function, sleep, motherhood experience, infant health, fatigue, appearance, sexual function and cognition. The most frequently discussed factors facilitating postpartum recovery were: family support, lactation/breastfeeding support and partner support. The most frequently discussed factor hindering recovery was inadequate social support. The most frequent challenges reported were: breastfeeding (week 1), breastfeeding (week 3) and sleep (week 6).ConclusionsWe propose 13 domains that comprehensively describe recovery in women delivering in a single centre within the USA. This provides a novel framework to study the postpartum recovery process.Tweetable abstractWe propose 13 postpartum recovery domains that provide a framework to study the recovery process following childbirth.
Tracking the temporal dynamics of insect defoliation by high‐resolution radar satellite data
Authors: Bae Soyeon , Müller Jörg , Förster Bernhard , Hilmers Torben , Hochrein Sophia , Jacobs Martin , Leroy Benjamin M. L. , Pretzsch Hans , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Mitesser Oliver 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Quantifying tree defoliation by insects over large areas is a major challenge in forest management, but it is essential in ecosystem assessments of disturbance and resistance against herbivory. However, the trajectory from leaf‐flush to insect defoliation to refoliation in broadleaf trees is highly variable. Its tracking requires high temporal‐ and spatial‐resolution data, particularly in fragmented forests.

In a unique replicated field experiment manipulating gypsy moth Lymantria dispar densities in mixed‐oak forests, we examined the utility of publicly accessible satellite‐borne radar (Sentinel‐1) to track the fine‐scale temporal trajectory of defoliation. The ratio of backscatter intensity between two polarizations from radar data of the growing season constituted a canopy development index (CDI) and a normalized CDI (NCDI), which were validated by optical (Sentinel‐2) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data as well by intensive caterpillar sampling from canopy fogging.

The CDI and NCDI strongly correlated with optical and TLS data (Spearman's ρ = 0.79 and 0.84, respectively). The significantly explained caterpillar abundance (R2 = 0.52). The NCDI at critical timesteps and ΔNCDI related to defoliation and refoliation well discriminated between heavily and lightly defoliated forests.

We demonstrate that the high spatial and temporal resolution and the cloud independence of Sentinel‐1 radar potentially enable spatially unrestricted measurements of the highly dynamic canopy herbivory. This can help monitor insect pests, improve the prediction of outbreaks and facilitate the monitoring of forest disturbance, one of the high priority Essential Biodiversity Variables, in the near future.
Coppicing and topsoil removal promote diversity of dung‐inhabiting beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae, Staphylinidae) in forests
Authors: Ambrožová Lucie , Finnberg Sven , Feldmann Benedikt , Buse Jörn , Preuss Henry , Ewald Jörg , Thorn Simon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCentral European forests experience a substantial loss of open‐forest organisms due to forest management and increasing nitrogen deposition. However, management strategies, removing different levels of nitrogen, have been rarely evaluated simultaneously.
We tested the additive effects of coppicing and topsoil removal on communities of dung‐inhabiting beetles compared to closed forests. We sampled 57 021 beetles, using baited pitfall traps exposed on 27 plots.
Experimental treatments resulted in significantly different communities by promoting open‐habitat species. While alpha diversity did not differ among treatments, gamma diversity of Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae and beta diversity of Staphylinidae were higher in coppice than in forest. Functional diversity of rove beetles was higher in both, coppice and topsoil‐removed plots, compared to control plots. This was likely driven by higher habitat heterogeneity in established forest openings. Five dung beetle species and four rove beetle species benefitted from coppicing, one red‐listed dung beetle and two rove beetle species benefitted from topsoil removal.
Our results demonstrate that dung‐inhabiting beetles related to open forest patches can be promoted by both, coppicing and additional topsoil removal. A mosaic of coppice and bare‐soil‐rich patches can hence promote landscape‐level gamma diversity of dung and rove beetles within forests.
Torsade de pointes: A nested case–control study in an integrated healthcare delivery system
Authors: Mantri Neha , Lu Meng , Zaroff Jonathan G. , Risch Neil , Hoffmann Thomas , Oni‐Orisan Akinyemi , Lee Catherine , Iribarren Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTdP is a form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia which develops in the setting of a prolonged QT interval. There are limited data describing risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of this potentially fatal arrhythmia.ObjectiveOur goals were as follows: (1) to validate cases presenting with Torsade de Pointes (TdP), (2) to identify modifiable risk factors, and (3) to describe the management strategies used for TdP and its prognosis in a real‐world healthcare setting.MethodsCase–control study (with 2:1 matching on age, sex, and race/ethnicity) nested within the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging (GERA) cohort. Follow‐up of the cohort for case ascertainment was between January 01, 2005 and December 31, 2018.ResultsA total of 56 cases of TdP were confirmed (incidence rate = 3.6 per 100,000 persons/years). The average (SD) age of the TdP cases was 74 (13) years, 55 percent were female, and 16 percent were non‐white. The independent predictors of TdP were potassium concentration <3.6 mEq/L (OR = 10.6), prior history of atrial fibrillation/flutter (OR = 6.2), QTc >480 ms (OR = 4.4) and prior history of coronary artery disease (OR = 2.6). Exposure to furosemide and amiodarone was significantly greater in cases than in controls. The most common treatment for TdP was IV magnesium (78.6%) and IV potassium repletion (73.2%). The in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality rates for TdP cases were 10.7% and 25.0% percent, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings may inform quantitative multivariate risk indices for the prediction of TdP and could guide practitioners on which patients may qualify for continuous ECG monitoring and/or electrolyte replacement therapy.
Mental health indicators in pregnant women compared with women in the general population during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Denmark
Authors: Severinsen Elin R. , Kähler Lise K. A. , Thomassen Sofie E. , Varga Tibor V. , Fich Olsen Line , Hviid Kathrine V. R. , la Cour Freiesleben Nina , Rod Naja H. , Nielsen Henriette S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and the associated regulations issued to minimize risk of disease transmission seem to have had an impact on general mental health in most populations, but it may have affected pregnant women even more because of pregnancy‐related uncertainties, limited access to healthcare resources, and lack of social support. We aimed to compare the mental health response among pregnant women with that in similarly aged women from the general population during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.Material and methodsFrom April 14 to July 3, 2020, 647 pregnant women in their second trimester were enrolled in this study. For comparison, 858 women from the general Danish population (20–46 years) were sampled from an ongoing observational study. Participants responded to a questionnaire including six mental health indicators (concern level, perceived social isolation, quality of life, anxiety, mental health, and loneliness). Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Three‐item Loneliness Scale and anxiety by the Common Mental Health Disorder Questionnaire 4‐item Anxiety Subscale.ResultsThe pregnant women had better scores during the entire study period for all mental health indicators, and except for concerns, social isolation, and mental health, the differences were also statistically significant. Pregnant women were more concerned about becoming seriously ill (40.2% vs. 29.5%, p < 0.001), whereas the general population was more concerned about economic consequences and prospects. Many pregnant women reported negative feelings associated with being pregnant during the COVID‐19 pandemic and concerns regarding social isolation and regulation‐imposed partner absence during hospital appointments and childbirth. All mental health indicators improved as Denmark began to reopen after the first wave of the pandemic.ConclusionsPregnant women exhibited lower rates of poor mental health compared with the general population. However, they were more concerned about becoming seriously ill, expressed negative feelings about being pregnant during the pandemic, and were worried about the absence of their partner due to imposed regulations. These finding may be taken into account by policy‐makers during pandemics to balance specific preventive measures over the potential mental health deterioration of pregnant women.
The use of functional placental magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of the placenta after prolonged preterm rupture of the membranes in vivo: A pilot study
Authors: Hutter Jana , Jackson Laurence , Ho Alison , Avena Zampieri Carla , Hajnal Joseph V. , Al‐Adnani Mudher , Nanda Surabhi , Shennan Andrew H. , Tribe Rachel M. , Gibbons Deena , Rutherford Mary A. , Story Lisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPreterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) complicates 3% of pregnancies in the UK. Where delivery does not occur spontaneously, expectant management until 37 weeks of gestation is advocated, unless signs of maternal infection develop. However, clinical presentation of maternal infection can be a late sign and injurious fetal inflammatory responses may already have been activated. There is therefore a need for more sensitive markers to aid optimal timing of interventions. At present there is no non‐invasive test in clinical practice to assess for infection in the fetal compartment and definitive diagnosis of chorioamnionitis is by histological assessment of the placenta after delivery. This study presents comprehensive functional placental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quantification, already used in other organ systems, to assess for infection/inflammation, in women with and without PPROM aiming to explore its use as a biomarker for inflammation within the feto‐placental compartment in vivo.Material and methodsPlacental MRI scans were performed in a cohort of 12 women (with one having two scans) with PPROM before 34 weeks of gestation (selected because of their high risk of infection), and in a control group of 87 women. Functional placental assessment was performed with magnetic resonance techniques sensitive to changes in the microstructure (diffusion) and tissue composition (relaxometry), with quantification performed both over the entire organ and in regions of interest between the basal and chorionic plate. Placental histology was analyzed after delivery where available.ResultsNormative evolution of functional magnetic resonance biomarkers over gestation was studied. Cases of inflammation, as assessed by histological presence of chorioamnionitis, and umbilical cord vasculitis with or without funisitis, were associated with lower T2* (mean T2* at 30 weeks 50 ms compared with 58 ms in controls) and higher fractional anisotropy (mean at 30 weeks 0.55 compared with 0.45 in controls). These differences did not reach significance and there was substantial heterogeneity both in T2* and Apparent Diffusivitiy across the cohort.ConclusionsThis first exploration of functional placental assessment in a cohort of women with PPROM demonstrates that functional placental MRI can reveal a range of placental changes associated with inflammatory processes. It is a promising tool to gain information and in the future to identify inflammation in vivo, and could therefore assist in improving optimal timing for interventions designed to prevent fetal injury.
Longitudinal asthma and allergy study showed that childhood symptoms frequently persisted into adulthood
Authors: Stefánsdóttir Arndís Rós , Lúdvíksson Björn Rúnar , Árdal Björn , Haraldsson Ásgeir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of allergic diseases is high and increasing in many countries. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of allergic diseases and changes in clinical expression in a birth cohort followed for three decades.MethodsWe followed Icelandic citizens born in 1987 for allergic diseases when they were 2, 4, 8, 15, 21 and 29 years of age. These were diagnosed using standardised questionnaires, physical examinations and skin‐prick tests.ResultsJust under half (46%) of the 112 who took part at 29 years of age had one or more allergic diseases, usually mild. Eczema was confirmed in 14% and was highest at the age of 2 years (31%). The prevalence of asthma was 23% and was highest at the age of 4 years (28%). Allergic rhinitis affected 30% at 29 years of age but was not found before the age of 2 years. In addition, 34% had a positive skin‐prick test at 29 years of age.ConclusionThe results show that 46% of Icelandic adults diagnosed with allergic diseases during childhood still had symptoms at the age of 29, usually mild, developing from eczema in infancy to asthma and allergic rhinitis in adulthood.
Identification of IGF2BP1‐related lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network in goat skeletal muscle satellite cells
Authors: Xu Xiaoli , Leng Junchen , Zhang Xiao , Capellini Terence D. , Chen Yuan , Yang Liu , Chen Zitong , Zheng Shuailong , Zhang Xujia , Zhan Siyuan , Wang Linjie , Zhong Tao , Guo Jiazhong , Niu Lili , Wang Yan , Dai Dinghui , Zhang Hongping , Li Li , Cao Jiaxue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) plays essential roles in the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). Increasing evidence has shown that IGF2BP1 regulates the expression of noncoding RNAs and mRNAs. However, the related molecular network remains to be fully understood. Therefore, we performed RNA sequencing and analyzed the microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and mRNAs differentially expressed in goat MuSCs treated with IGF2BP1 overexpressing and empty vectors. A total of 36 miRNAs, 59 lncRNAs, and 44 mRNAs were differentially expressed caused by IGF2BP1. Expectedly, they were enriched in muscle development‐related Rap1, PI3K‐AKT, and FoxO signaling pathways. Finally, we constructed a lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA interaction network containing 30 lncRNAs, 15 miRNAs, and 34 mRNAs, in which several miRNAs, including miR‐133a‐3p, miR‐204‐5p, miR‐125a‐3p, miR‐145‐3p, and miR‐423‐5p, relate with cell growth and participate in muscle development. Overall, we constructed an IGF2BP1‐related network, which provides new insight into the myogenic proliferation of goat.