bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs)-filled Ethylene-propylene-diene Monomer/styrene-butadiene Rubber (EPDM/SBR) Composites: Mechanical, Swelling, and Morphological Properties
Authors: P Sendil Ganeche , P Balasubramanian , S Vishvanathperumal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were incorporated into an EPDM/SBR rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) composite by melt blending of HNTs into the EPDM/SBR blend. The mechanical properties, abrasion and swelling resistance of HNTs ranging from 2 parts per hundred rubber (phr) to 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) were investigated in EPDM/SBR base rubber. Tensile strength, 100% modulus (modulus at 100 percent elongation), elongation at break and tear strength were evaluated at ambient temperature using electric universal tensile testing equipment in accordance with ASTM D-412. Hardness, abrasion and swelling resistance were determined using Shore-A Durometer, DIN abrader and immersion techniques, respectively. The results show that increasing HNT content increased tensile strength, tear strength, hardness (stiffness), and crosslink density. The surface morphology of tensile-fractured material was studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). According to FE-SEM results, the most roughness of the surface was seen at HNTs filled rubber nano-composites.
Vascular Response after Directional Coronary Atherectomy for Left Main Bifurcation Lesion
Authors: Kobayashi Norihiro , Yamawaki Masahiro , Hiraishi Mana , Mori Shinsuke , Tsutsumi Masakazu , Honda Yohsuke , Chishiki Toshiki , Makino Kenji , Shirai Shigemitsu , Mizusawa Masafumi , Yamaguchi Kohei , Nakano Takahide , Abe Kaori , Fukagawa Tomoya , Kishida Toshihiko , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the vascular response after directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) for left main (LM) bifurcation lesion.Methods: This study was a retrospective, single-center study enrolling 31 patients who underwent stent-less therapy using DCA followed by drug-coated balloon angioplasty for LM bifurcation lesion. We compared the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings pre- and post DCA. Results: After DCA, the lumen and vessel areas significantly increased whereas the plaque area (PA) and %PA significantly decreased. When the lesions were divided into small and large vessel groups using the median vessel area value, the maximum balloon pressure of the DCA catheter was greater in the large than in the small vessel group. Changes in the lumen and vessel areas were also significantly greater in the large than in the small vessel group. Conversely, the PA and %PA changes were similar between the groups. Conclusion: The main vascular responses associated with lumen enlargement after DCA were plaque reduction and vessel expansion. Contribution of vessel expansion to lumen enlargement was larger than the effect of plaque reduction in large than in small-vessel lesions.
Seasonality of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Cave Microhabitats and The Rediscovery of Sergentomyia Minuta (Rondani, 1843) After Fifty Years
Authors: Cazan Cristina Daniela , Horváth Cintia , Panait Luciana Cătălina , Porea Daniela , Marinov Mihai , Alexe Vasile , Mihalca Andrei Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In a countrywide study with the aim to update the knowledge on diversity of sand fly species in Romania, a sand fly population was observed in an isolated system of cave microhabitats. The caves are located in the protected area of Canaraua Fetii, Dobrogea region, southeastern Romania. The highest sand fly diversity was recorded at the above-mentioned area between 1968 and 1970. This work presents an abundance study, which was conducted in order to estimate the seasonal variation of the sand fly species in correlation with the particular environmental factors of the isolated system of cave microhabitats.Methods: Sand flies were collected between May and October 2020 from one trapping site of interest, from Canaraua Fetii. The trapping site consisted of a system of cave entrances. CDC miniature light traps, and sticky traps were used to collect insects from the exterior walls of the cave entrances. Species identification of collected sand flies was done using morphological keys. Statistical analysis of the trapping and climatic data was performed.Results: From all collected sand flies, 99.63% (818/821) were Phlebotomus neglectus, 0.12% (1/821) Ph. balcanicus, and 0.25% (2/821) Sergentomyia minuta. Sand fly activity was firstly observed in 2nd of July and lastly in 24th of September. A monomodal abundance trend was present, with the peak activity between 16th and 17th of July. The analysis of the climatic data showed correlations between the total number of captured sand flies and both, average temperature and average relative humidity. The total number of collected specimens was statistically higher when CDC miniature light traps were used compared to sticky traps. The number of females on the sticky traps was significantly higher than the number of males on the same trap type. When compared with the sticky traps, a significantly higher number of males were collected by CDC miniature light traps. This is the first record of Se. minuta in Romania after 50 years of no records (despite the trapping effort of the last five years in the country). Also, Ph. sergenti, previously present in this location, was not found.Conclusions: In the investigated natural habitat, the diversity of the sand fly species appears to have changed, with the predominance of Ph. neglectus instead of Ph. balcanicus and Se. minuta (recorded as the two predominant species in 1968-1970). A monomodal abundance trend was observed as in other regions of the country. The sand fly activity in this particular cave microhabitat appears to be longer than in other regions in Romania. A longer sand fly activity increases the zoonotic risk of various pathogenic species’ transmission, with an impact in the public health, as sand flies are important insect vectors.
Biomarkers Associated with CD8+ T Cell Infiltration in Childhood AML
Authors: Zheng Jiafeng , Zhou Caili , Zhang Tongqiang , Guo Wei , Cui Xiaojian , Han Chunjiao , Xu Yongsheng , Cai Chunquan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common hematological malignant tumor in children. AML is characterized by high morbidity, recurrence and mortality rates worldwide. Immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression. This study aimed at exploring biomarkers related to CD8+T cell infiltration in children with AML. Transcriptome data and clinical data were retrieved from TARGET database. We collected whole blood samples from some AML children to verify the results. Through the joint analysis of the data of multiple databases we found that CAMK2D, MPZL3, MSL3 are associated with CD8+ immune infiltration. Through PCR analysis, it was found that CAMK2D, MPZL3, MSL3 was highly expressed in the whole blood of children with AML. Analysis showed that CAMK2D, MPZL3 and MSL3 are potential clinical prognostic markers related to CD8+T cell infiltration in children with AML. The findings of this study show that CAMK2D, MPZL3, MSL3 are implicated in prognosis of AML. Notably, the three genes are implicated in CD8+T cells-related pathways.
Adoption of Scientifically Recommended Artificial Insemination Practices by Paravets: A Depiction of Current Scenario of Four States in India
Authors: PANDA PRATIKSHYA , Tiwari Rupasi , Joshi Pragya , Singh Amandeep , Dutt Triveni 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present investigation was done to assess the different practices followed by the AI technicians (paravets) while performing Artificial Insemination (AI). A total of 160 paravets were selected for the study having equal representation from 4 different states of India (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana and Odisha). Questionnaire and telephonic survey was used for collecting data. Several practices followed by paravets were assessed under three sub-groups viz., practices followed prior to, during and post-artificial insemination. In as many as seven practices viz., gathering pre AI information, storage of semen straw, time of performing AI, thawing container, wiping of semen straw, cutting of semen straw and record keeping the adoption gap was found to be Nil. Maximum adoption gap (30.60 %) was seen in ‘adopting basic sanitary measures’. Whereas about 13 percent of adoption gap was found in case of ‘monitoring of heat post calving’ followed by ‘checking of heat prior to AI’ (8.00 %). Hence, along with provision of necessary measures for water bath, apron and gumboots by State Department of Animal Husbandry (SDAH), the paravets should be made aware about the importance of basic sanitary measures. Crystoscope availability should also be ensured as it is easy to use by paravets and farmers for heat detection.
Supraclavicular Lymphadenitis Following COVID-19
Authors: Al-Ani Raid M. , Rashid Rasheed Ali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
IntroductionCervical lymphadenopathy in children is a common problem in daily clinical practice. Many cases of cervical lymphadenopathy after the COVID-19 vaccine were reported. However, there is no yet reporting a case of supraclavicular cervical lymphadenopathy as a result of COVID-19.Case presentationA 12-years-old girl presented with fever, cough, fatigue, anosmia, and ageusia. COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time PCR. The symptoms were resolved within 10 days. After 7 days, she complained of supraclavicular swelling. Physical examination revealed painless, multiple, and mobile supraclavicular lymph nodes. Ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology were suspicious. Therefore, an excisional biopsy of the largest node was performed. The specimen was sent for histopathology and immunohistochemistry evaluation which confirmed the benign nature of the lymph node.ConclusionTo our best knowledge, this is the first case of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy in a child with COVID-19. It is essential to put COVID-19 in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.
WITHDRAWN: Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus After Aneurysm Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Predictors and its Relationship with Lumbar Puncture
Authors: Shi Kaiwen , Yu Zuan , Shi Songsheng , Chen Jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
To identify predictors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and determine the effect of postoperative lumbar puncture (LP) on the incidence of SDHC.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients with aSAH who underwent surgical clipping or endovascular embolization for cerebral aneurysm in our hospital from October 2009 to May 2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to characterize risk factors for SDHC after aSAH. The incidence of SDHC in the LP and No LP groups were compared after propensity score matching analysis.
Results
A total of 414 patients were enrolled in this study. SDHC developed in 59 patients (14.3%). On multivariate analysis, age > 55 years (P = 0.004), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (P = 0.038), Fisher grade ≥ 3 (P = 0.043), Hunt and Hess grade (H&H) ≥ 3 (P = 0.027), acute hydrocephalus (P = 0.001), central nervous system infection (CNSI) (P = 0.021), placement of external ventricular drainage (EVD) (P = 0.044), and a history of postoperative LP (P < 0.016) were independently associated with SDHC after aSAH. Propensity score matched cohorts exhibited a significantly higher incidence of SDHC after LP treatment than that without LP (20.7% vs 12.1%, P = 0.019). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.818 for the final regression model.
Conclusion
Evaluating risk factors can help identify patients at high risk of developing SDHC. Postoperative LP may increase the incidence of SDHC after aSAH. Strategies for treatment of ruptured aneurysms should be used to mitigate SDHC and minimize poor outcomes.
Child Drawing Development Optimization Algorithm based on Child’s Cognitive Development
Authors: Abdulhameed Sabat , Rashid Tarik A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel metaheuristic Child Drawing Development Optimization (CDDO) algorithm inspired by the child's learning behaviour and cognitive development using the golden ratio to optimize the beauty behind their art. The golden ratio was first introduced by the famous mathematician Fibonacci. The ratio of two consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence is similar, and it is called the golden ratio, which is prevalent in nature, art, architecture, and design. CDDO uses golden ratio and mimics cognitive learning and child's drawing development stages starting from the scribbling stage to the advanced pattern-based stage. Hand pressure width, length, and golden ratio of the child's drawing are tuned to attain better results. This helps children with evolving, improving their intelligence and collectively achieving shared goals. CDDO shows superior performance in finding the global optimum solution for the optimization problems tested by 19 benchmark functions. Its results are evaluated against more than one state of art algorithm such as PSO, DE, WOA, GSA, and FEP. The performance of the CDDO is assessed, and the test result shows that CDDO is relatively competitive through scoring 2.8 ranks. This displays that the CDDO is outstandingly robust in exploring a new solution. Also, it reveals the competency of the algorithm to evade local minima as it covers promising regions extensively within the design space and exploits the best solution.
A Comprehensive survey on Heart Disease Prediction using Machine Intelligence
Authors: Dogiparthi Santhosh Gupta , K Jayanthi , Pillai Ajith Ananthakrishna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The latest statistics of World Health Organization anticipated that cardiovascular diseases including Coronary Heart Disease, Heart attack, vascular disease as the biggest pandemic to the world due to which one-third of the world population would die. With the emerging AI trends, applying an optimal machine learning model to target early detection and accurate prediction of heart disease is indispensable to bring down the mortality rates and to treat the cardiac patients with best clinical decision support. This stems for the motivation of this paper. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on heart disease prediction models derived and validated out of popular heart disease datasets like Cleveland dataset, Z-Alizadeh Sani dataset. Methods: This survey was performed using the articles extricated from the Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Research Gate and PubMed search engines between 2005 to 2020. The main keywords for search were Heart Disease, Prediction, Coronary disease, Healthcare, Heart datasets and Machine Learning.Results: This review explores the shortcomings of various approaches used for the prediction of heart diseases. It outlines pros and cons of different research methodologies along with the validation parameters of each reviewed publication.Conclusion: The machine intelligence can serve as a genuine alternative diagnostic method for prediction, which will in turn keep the patients well aware of their illness state. Despite the researcher’s efforts, still uncertainty exist towards standardization of prediction models which demands further exploration of optimal prediction models.
Time Investment of Medical Students during COVID19 Pandemic lockdown
Authors: Hassan Mohajer Ibrahim , Alfatih Mohammed , TAHA MOHAMED SHARFALDEEN KHIDER , Alhusseini Radi Mohd Fawzey Rdi Tofaha , Shaban Mohanned Abdalfdeel Amahie , Ahmed Afra kamal Yahya , Abdallah Muaz Hasan Abdalaziz , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: As the world is fighting against the COVID19 outbreak most of the countries closed universities nationwide, impacting nearly 80% of students globally. In order to obtain information and to identify differences between medical students the study has been asset. The primary objective of this survey is to better understand the motivations and obstacles for medical students investing their time during COVID 19 obligatory home stay.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey-based study in 333 medical students in medical college of Alzaeim al Azhari university in Sudan. Data from students was collected by using an online self-design questionnaire. The participants approached by the lead investigator through their social media groups by link enabling the individual willing to participate to access a google form containing the study questionnaire. Analyses was carried out using SPSS statistics package version 24 (IBM).Results: (57.1%) of the participants were females and (42.9%) were males. (37.8%) of medical students who participated in the study think that they make use of their time, while (38.1%) don’t think that and (24.1%) don’t know if they make use of their time or not during staying home due to COVID19 outbreak.Conclusion: There is a considerable variation in time investment (making use of time) during staying home due to COVID 19 outbreak according to medical student’s insight. The research results indicate that medical students need more encouragement and facilities to get benefits from their time during the quarantines and such situation in the future.
Usability of Novel Major TraumaApp for Digital Data Collection
Authors: Butler Joanna , Wright Evan , Longbottom Lucy , Whitelaw Alan S. , Thomson Kevin , Gordon Malcolm WG , Lowe David J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Delivery of major trauma care is complex and often fast paced. Clear and comprehensive documentation is paramount to support effective communication during complex clinical care episodes, and to allow collection of data for audit, research and continuous improvement. Clinical events are typically recorded on paper-based records that are developed for individual centres or systems. As one of the priorities laid out by the Scottish Trauma Audit Group was to develop an electronic data collection system, the TraumaApp was created as a data collection tool for major trauma that could be adopted worldwide.Methods: The study was performed as a service evaluation based at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Emergency Department. Fifty staff members were recruited in pairs and listened to five paired major trauma standby and handover recordings. Participants were randomised to input data to the TraumaApp and one into the existing paper proforma. The time taken to input data was measured, along with time for clarifications and any errors made. Those using the app completed a System Usability Score.Results: No statistically significant difference was demonstrated between times taken for data entry for the digital and paper documentation, apart from the Case 5 Handover (p<0.05). Case 1 showed a significantly higher time for clarifications and number of errors with digital data collection (p=0.01 and p=1.79E-05 respectively). There were no other differences between data for the app and the proforma. The mean System Usability score for this cohort was 75 out of 100, with a standard deviation of 17 (rounded to nearest integer).Conclusion: Digital real-time recording of clinical events using a tool such as the TraumaApp is comparable to completion of paper proforma. The System Usability Score for the TraumaApp was above the internationally validated standard of acceptable usability. There was no evidence of improvement in use over time or familiarity, most likely due to the brevity of the assessments and the refined user interface. This would benefit from further research, exploring data completeness and a potential mixed methods approach to explore training requirements for use of the TraumaApp.
Predicting In-hospital Death in Pneumonic COPD exacerbation via BAP-65, CURB-65, and Machine Learning
Authors: Shiroshita Akihiro , Kimura Yuya , Shiba Hiroshi , Shirakawa Chigusa , Sato Kenya , Matsushita Shinya , Tomii Keisuke , Kataoka Yuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThere is no established clinical prediction model for in-hospital death among patients with pneumonic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. We aimed to externally validate BAP-65 and CURB-65 and to develop a new model based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm.MethodsThis multicentre cohort study included patients aged ≥40 years with pneumonic COPD exacerbation. The input data were age, sex, activities of daily living, mental status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and blood urea nitrogen. The primary outcome was in-hospital death. BAP-65 and CURB-65 underwent external validation using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) in the whole dataset. We used XGBoost to develop a new prediction model. We compared the AUROCs of XGBoost with that of BAP-65 and CURB-65 in the test dataset using bootstrap sampling.ResultsWe included 1190 patients with pneumonic COPD exacerbation. The in-hospital mortality was 7% (88/1190). In the external validation of BAP-65 and CURB-65, the AUROCs [95% confidence interval (CI)] of BAP-65 and CURB-65 were 0.69 [0.66–0.72], and 0.69 [0.66–0.72], respectively. XGBoost showed an AUROC of 0.71 [0.62–0.81] in the test dataset. There was no significant difference in the AUROCs of XGBoost vs BAP-65 (absolute difference, 0.054; 95% CI, -0.057–0.16) or vs CURB-65 (absolute difference, 0.0021; 95% CI, -0.091–0.088). ConclusionBAP-65, CURB-65, and XGBoost showed low predictive performance for in-hospital death in pneumonic COPD exacerbation. Further large-scale studies including more variables are warranted.
How can an agent-based model explore the impact of interventions on children’s physical activity in an urban environment?
Authors: Almagor Jonatan , Martin Anne , McCrorie Paul , Mitchell Rich 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Insufficient physical activity (PA) among most children and adolescents is a global problem that is undermining the realisation of numerous developmental and health benefits. The aim of this study was to explore the potential impact of interventions on PA by using an agent-based model (ABM) simulating children’s daily activities in an urban environment. Three domains for interventions were explored: outdoor play, school physical education and active travel. Interventions increased children’s average daily moderate-to-vigorous PA by 2-13 min and reduced the percentage of children not meeting PA guidelines, from 34% to 10%-29%, depending on the intervention. Promotion of active travel and outdoor play benefited more those in a higher socio-economic position. Agents’ interactions suggested that: encouraging activity in diverse groups will reduce percentage of the least active in the population; and initiating outdoor events in neighbourhoods can generate an enhancing effect on children’s engagement in PA. The ABM provided measurable outcomes for interventions that are difficult to estimate using reductionist methods. We suggest that ABMs should be used more commonly to explore the complexity of the social-environmental PA system.