bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukocytes with chromosome Y loss have reduced abundance of the cell surface immunoprotein CD99
Authors: Mattisson Jonas , Danielsson Marcus , Hammond Maria , Davies Hanna , Gallant Caroline J. , Nordlund Jessica , Raine Amanda , Edén Malin , Kilander Lena , Ingelsson Martin , Dumanski Jan P. , Halvardson Jonatan , Forsberg Lars A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in immune cells is a male-specific mutation associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. TheCD99gene, positioned in the pseudoautosomal regions of chromosomes X and Y, encodes a cell surface protein essential for several key properties of leukocytes and immune system functions. Here we used CITE-seq for simultaneous quantification ofCD99derived mRNA and cell surface CD99 protein abundance in relation to LOY in single cells. The abundance of CD99 molecules was lower on the surfaces of LOY cells compared with cells without this aneuploidy in all six types of leukocytes studied, while the abundance of CD proteins encoded by genes located on autosomal chromosomes were independent from LOY. These results connect LOY in single cells with immune related cellular properties at the protein level, providing mechanistic insight regarding disease vulnerability in men affected with mosaic chromosome Y loss in blood leukocytes.
The isotopic niche of Atlantic, biting marine mammals and its relationship to skull morphology and body size
Authors: Drago Massimiliano , Signaroli Marco , Valdivia Meica , González Enrique M. , Borrell Asunción , Aguilar Alex , Cardona Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the trophic niches of marine apex predators is necessary to understand interactions between species and to achieve sustainable, ecosystem-based fisheries management. Here, we review the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios for biting marine mammals inhabiting the Atlantic Ocean to test the hypothesis that the relative position of each species within the isospace is rather invariant and that common and predictable patterns of resource partitioning exists because of constrains imposed by body size and skull morphology. Furthermore, we analyze in detail two species-rich communities to test the hypotheses that marine mammals are gape limited and that trophic position increases with gape size. The isotopic niches of species were highly consistent across regions and the topology of the community within the isospace was well conserved across the Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, pinnipeds exhibited a much lower diversity of isotopic niches than odontocetes. Results also revealed body size as a poor predictor of the isotopic niche, a modest role of skull morphology in determining it, no evidence of gape limitation and little overlap in the isotopic niche of sympatric species. The overall evidence suggests limited trophic flexibility for most species and low ecological redundancy, which should be considered for ecosystem-based fisheries management.
The role of salicylic acid and benzothiadiazole in decreasing phytoplasma titer of sugarcane white leaf disease
Authors: Ratchaseema Manuwat Tintarasara Na , Kladsuwan Lawan , Soulard Laurent , Swangmaneecharern Pratchya , Punpee Prapat , Klomsa-ard Peeraya , Sriroth Klanarong , Keawsompong Suttipun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of this research was to study the effect of Benzothiadiazole (BTH) and Salicylic acid (SA) on the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) of sugarcane the phytoplasma associated with the sugarcane white leaf (SCWL) disease. The experiment was conducted on plants of the sugarcane variety Khon Kaen 3 (KK3) infected with SCWL phytoplasma using insect vectors. Biochemical changes related to the SAR such as SA and total phenolic compounds were followed according to 4 different timepoints: 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. Together, phytoplasma were quantified by RT-qPCR using the secA gene of phytoplasma. According to our results, the spraying of BTH and SA tended to increase the amounts of SA, total phenolic compounds and a lower presence of phytoplasma in the plants in comparison with the inoculated control. Spraying BTH at a concentration of 2.4 mM and SA at a concentration of 2.4 mM exhibited the best efficiency to reduce the concentration of phytoplasma. According to RT-qPCR results, the inoculated plants sprayed with BTH displayed a significantly lower concentration of phytoplasma compared to the inoculated controls. Overall, our results indicated that the spray of BTH and SA could induce an efficient SAR response to the phytoplasma associated with the SCWL disease. We expect these results will give support to the development of new products for controlling white leaf disease in sugarcane.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of new high-density dyes for chromovitrectomy
Authors: Piccirillo Valerio , Sbordone Sandro , Sorgente Francesco , Ragucci Adele , Iovine Antonello , Iaccarino Gennarfrancesco , Lanza Michele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two novel heavy dyes for macular surgery: DoubledyneTM and TwinTM. One eye from each of 144 patients undergoing surgery for macular hole or macular pucker was included in the study. The eyes were randomly divided into two groups according to the dye used during surgery. Best correct visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal morphology assessed by ocular coherence tomography (OCT) were evaluated before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Only one surgeon performed each operation and provided a score ranging from 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent) for quality of staining and comfort in surgery. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS to compare parameters before and after surgery and between the two groups. No statistical differences were recorded in quality of staining (p = 0.11), in surgery comfort (p = 0.17) and total time of surgery (p = 0.44) between the two groups. BCVA statistically improved and central macular thickness (CMT) statistically decreased after surgery in both groups (p < 0.05). No toxic dye-related complications or long-term ones affecting the retina were observed in either group. According to this data, although confirmation in further studies with larger populations and longer follow up is required, DoubledyneTM and TwinTM proved to be safe and effective dyes for macular surgery.
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaque and ferret challenge models
Authors: Lambe Teresa , Spencer Alexandra J. , Thomas Kelly M. , Gooch Karen E. , Thomas Stephen , White Andrew D. , Humphries Holly E. , Wright Daniel , Belij-Rammerstorfer Sandra , Thakur Nazia , Conceicao Carina , Watson Robert , Alden Leonie , Allen Lauren , Aram Marilyn , Bewley Kevin R. , Brunt Emily , Brown Phillip , Cavell Breeze E. , Cobb Rebecca , Fotheringham Susan A. , Gilbride Ciaran , Harris Debbie J. , Ho Catherine M. K. , Hunter Laura , Kennard Chelsea L. , Leung Stephanie , Lucas Vanessa , Ngabo Didier , Ryan Kathryn A. , Sharpe Hannah , Sarfas Charlotte , Sibley Laura , Slack Gillian S. , Ulaszewska Marta , Wand Nadina , Wiblin Nathan R. , Gleeson Fergus V. , Bailey Dalan , Sharpe Sally , Charlton Sue , Salguero Francisco J. , Carroll Miles W. , Gilbert Sarah C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently required, but early development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 resulted in enhanced disease after vaccination. Careful assessment of this phenomena is warranted for vaccine development against SARS CoV-2. Here we report detailed immune profiling after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) and subsequent high dose challenge in two animal models of SARS-CoV-2 mediated disease. We demonstrate in rhesus macaques the lung pathology caused by SARS-CoV-2 mediated pneumonia is reduced by prior vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 which induced neutralising antibody responses after a single intramuscular administration. In a second animal model, ferrets, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 reduced both virus shedding and lung pathology. Antibody titre were boosted by a second dose. Data from these challenge models on the absence of enhanced disease and the detailed immune profiling, support the continued clinical evaluation of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.
Dual channel transmission for reliable V2X broadcasting messages
Authors: Oh Hyun Seo , Kang Do Wook , Song Yoo Seung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA Vehicle to Anything (V2X) packet data is used for a vehicle safety and automated driving applications. It is broadcasted periodically to provide a warning message or share the vehicular sensor's data among vehicles. This paper proposes IEEE 802.11p based dual channel transmission and packet selection method to improve the Packet Detection Rate (PDR) for V2X broadcasting messages. The PDR gain of the proposed scheme over the single channel transmission is given theoretically by the packet error rate of a single radio channel. And the PDR improvement is evaluated by a computer simulation in a highway or urban multipath fading channel.
Optimising the flux barriers of interior permanent magnet machine for noise reduction under certain load conditions
Authors: Ge Haorui , Guo Baocheng , Qiu Xin , Yang Jianfei , Feng Chunmei , Bai Chenguang , Jin Zhen , Zhang Yongmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a method to reduce the electromagnetic noise of a double‐layer interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (DIPMSM) by optimising the flux barrier. First, a noise prediction model of the 36‐slot/8‐pole DIPMSM is established by finite element (FE). According to the simulation results, the noise of the motor is the loudest at 5000 rpm, especially with a noise component of 3333.3 Hz. From the results of modal analysis, it can be concluded that the four‐order radial force with a frequency of 3333.3 Hz resonates with the stator, resulting in the loudest noise. Then, the source of the radial force that causes the loudest noise is analysed, and it can be found that the 9th and 11th harmonics of rotor magnetic motive force have the greatest contribution to the force. By optimising the rotor, the radial force contributed by the 9th and 11th harmonics is weakened, thereby reducing the noise caused by these harmonics. Finally, the electromagnetic performance and noise of the optimised motor are checked by FE. Compared with the initial rotor, the torque ripple is reduced by 26.79%, and noise is reduced by 5.542 dB. The noise test on the prototype verifies the accuracy of the noise prediction model.
NuSTAR view of heavily absorbed AGN: The R–NH correlation
Authors: Panagiotou C. , Walter R. , Paltani S. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The nature of the putative torus and the outer geometry of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are still rather unknown and the subject of active research. Improving our understanding of them is crucial for developing a physical picture for the structure of AGN.
Aims. The main goal of this work is to investigate the outer geometry of AGN by studying the observed hard X-ray spectrum of obscured sources. We primarily aim at researching the reflected emission in these sources.
Methods. To that end, we analysed archived NuSTAR observations of a sample of nearby AGN, whose X-ray emission has been found to be heavily absorbed, with 1023 < NH < 2.5 × 1023 cm−2; the upper limit on NH was necessary due to the analysis we followed and the data quality. Fitting their emission with both a phenomelogical and a physical model, we investigated the relation between reflection and absorption.
Results. The strength of reflected emission, as well as the equivalent width of the Fe Kα line, correlates with the absorption column density, which can be explained with a clumpy torus origin for the reflection in these sources. The shape of the observed correlation is found to be well reproduced when the effects of a clumpy torus with a variable filling factor are simulated. A similar increase in reflection seems to be featured even by sources with larger absorption, reaching the Compton thick (NH > 1.5 × 1024 cm−2) regime.
Deep Learning in the Detection of Rare Fractures – Development of a “Deep Learning Convolutional Network” Model for Detecting Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Erne Felix , Dehncke Daniel , Herath Steven C. , Springer Fabian , Pfeifer Nico , Eggeling Ralf , Küper Markus Alexander 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Fracture detection by artificial intelligence and especially Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) is a topic of growing interest in current orthopaedic and radiological research. As learning a DCNN usually needs a large amount of training data, mostly frequent fractures as well as conventional X-ray are used. Therefore, less common fractures like acetabular fractures (AF) are underrepresented in the literature. The aim of this pilot study was to establish a DCNN for detection of AF using computer tomography (CT) scans.
Methods Patients with an acetabular fracture were identified from the monocentric consecutive pelvic injury registry at the BG Trauma Center XXX from 01/2003 – 12/2019. All patients with unilateral AF and CT scans available in DICOM-format were included for further processing. All datasets were automatically anonymised and digitally post-processed. Extraction of the relevant region of interests was performed and the technique of data augmentation (DA) was implemented to artificially increase the number of training samples. A DCNN based on Med3D was used for autonomous fracture detection, using global average pooling (GAP) to reduce overfitting.
Results From a total of 2,340 patients with a pelvic fracture, 654 patients suffered from an AF. After screening and post-processing of the datasets, a total of 159 datasets were enrolled for training of the algorithm. A random assignment into training datasets (80%) and test datasets (20%) was performed. The technique of bone area extraction, DA and GAP increased the accuracy of fracture detection from 58.8% (native DCNN) up to an accuracy of 82.8% despite the low number of datasets.
Conclusion The accuracy of fracture detection of our trained DCNN is comparable to published values despite the low number of training datasets. The techniques of bone extraction, DA and GAP are useful for increasing the detection rates of rare fractures by a DCNN. Based on the used DCNN in combination with the described techniques from this pilot study, the possibility of an automatic fracture classification of AF is under investigation in a multicentre study.
HMPA-Free Generation of Trialkylsilyllithium Reagents and Its Applications to the Synthesis of Silylboronic Esters
Authors: Oestreich Martin , Yoshida Hiroto , Kamio Shintaro , Imagawa Taiki , Nakamoto Masaaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTrialkylsilyllithium species have turned out to be facilely generated by treating hexaalkyldisilanes with methyllithium in the presence of tris(N,N-tetramethylene)phosphoric triamide (TPPA) as an activator, which can be trapped by boron electrophiles to afford silylboronic esters including long-awaited Me3Si–B(pin).
Responsive Parenting as a Target for Telehealth Language Interventions in Fragile X Syndrome: Implications for Scalability and Best Practices
Authors: Bullard Lauren , Abbeduto Leonard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis review highlights the ways in which telehealth procedures can be implemented to help bridge the research-to-practice gap in supporting developmental outcomes for youth with fragile X syndrome (FXS). We review how the literature to date has informed potential treatment targets in the areas of speech and language development with a focus on understanding and supporting the dyadic relationship between the child and their biological mother, who is also impacted biologically. Notably, parental responsivity is an area that is strongly related to child language outcomes, both early and into adolescence, and thus, it is an important treatment target for subsequent interventions. To date, several parent-implemented interventions have been done in FXS across a broad age range (2–17-year-olds) all showing support not only that parents are successful in learning responsive strategies but also that there are subsequent impacts to child language development. Moreover, these interventions were successfully implemented at a distance through telehealth procedures including video teleconferencing and shared recordings of parent–child interactions. This review also addresses potential moderators of treatment gains. Implications for scaling such interventions in the future as well as best practices for incorporating telehealth procedures into future research and intervention programs are also discussed.
Role of Lipogenesis Rewiring in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yi , Tao Junyan , Calvisi Diego F. , Chen Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetabolic rewiring is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Altered de novo lipogenesis is one of the pivotal metabolic events deregulated in cancers. Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) controls the transcription of major enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis, including ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD. Studies have shown the increased de novo lipogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples. Multiple mechanisms, such as activation of the AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, lead to high SREBP1 induction and the coordinated enhanced expression of ACLY, ACACA, FASN, and SCD genes. Subsequent functional analyses have unraveled these enzymes' critical role(s) and the related de novo lipogenesis in hepatocarcinogenesis. Importantly, targeting these molecules might be a promising strategy for HCC treatment. This paper comprehensively summarizes de novo lipogenesis rewiring in HCC and how this pathway might be therapeutically targeted.
The climatization of global politics: introduction to the special issue
Authors: Aykut Stefan C. , Maertens Lucile 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change now constitutes a major issue in world politics, intersecting with and shaping many other political domains, and wider patterns of social and economic life. Global climate governance is also no longer restricted to multilateral negotiations under the UN Climate Convention: it increasingly extends beyond the international climate regime toclimatizeother areas of global politics. This concept of climatization points to a powerful but uneven process of extension, translation, and social coordination, as climate change becomes the frame of reference through which other policy issues and forms of global activism are mediated and hierarchized. This special issue brings together contributions on both theoretical aspects and empirical cases of the climatization process. The introduction sets out a conceptual framework to systematize these observations and guide further research. First, we identify the preconditions for, and driving forces behind, climatization. We then sketch the contours of an emergent ‘climate logic’ that reshapes affected domains, and examine the wider implications of climatization for global politics. Beyond the climate case, we hope this will provide new ways to observe and understand contemporary transformations of global society and global governance.
Non-statistical fragmentation in photo-activated flavin mononucleotide anions
Authors: Giacomozzi Linda , Kjær Christina , Brøndsted Nielsen Steen , Ashworth Eleanor K. , Bull James N. , Stockett Mark H. 
Published: July 2021

The spectroscopy and photo-induced dissociation of flavin mononucleotide anions in vacuo are investigated over the 300–500 nm wavelength range. Comparison of the dependence of fragment ion yields as a function of deposited photon energy with calculated dissociation energies and collision-induced dissociation measurements performed under single-collision conditions suggests that a substantial fraction of photo-activated ions decompose through non-statistical fragmentation pathways. Among these pathways is the dominant photo-induced fragmentation channel, the loss of a fragment identified as formylmethylflavin. The fragment ion specific action spectra reveal electronic transition energies close to those for flavins in solution and previously published gas-phase measurements, although the photo-fragment yield upon excitation of the S2 ← S0 transition appears to be suppressed.
Efficacy of estradiol in feminising the eastern mosquitofish,
Authors: Norazmi-Lokman N. H. , Purser G. J. , Patil J. G. 
Published: July 2021

As a first step towards developing genetic option to control pest populations of Gambusia holbrooki, this study investigated the efficacy of oestradiol (E2) to feminise the species. The oestrogen was administered orally via food to neonates (Experiment 1) or embryos through gravid females (Experiment 2) at dosage between 50 and 400 mg kg–1 of feed. Two control groups consisted of (C1) normal feed and (C2) feed mixed with 70% ethanol. In Experiment 1, 100% feminisation was observed at all E2 concentrations except at 400 mg kg–1 where no treated individuals survived. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) lower mean survival rate (MSR) of all E2-treated juveniles than of controls (C1: 71.73 ± 22.86%; C2: 70.02 ± 18.26%), with 50 mg kg–1 showing the best MSR (66.38 ± 12.34%). In Experiment 2, 100% feminisation was achieved at E2 concentrations of 200–400 mg kg–1 food, with the best MSR (59.33 ± 12.54%) at 200 mg kg–1 concentration, which was, however, significantly lower than in control groups (C1: 79.96 ± 20.33%; C2: 77.09 ± 10.32%). The reproductive output and gestation period of gravid females were not affected by E2 exposure. The outcomes provide a framework for reliable sex reversal (feminisation) in this fish, paving way for developing genetic strategies to manage and eradicate this pest fish.
PIP4Ks impact on PI3K, FOXP3, and UHRF1 signaling and modulate human regulatory T cell proliferation and immunosuppressive activity
Authors: Poli Alessandro , Abdul-Hamid Shidqiyyah , Zaurito Antonio Enrico , Campagnoli Francesca , Bevilacqua Valeria , Sheth Bhavwanti , Fiume Roberta , Pagani Massimiliano , Abrignani Sergio , Divecha Nullin 
Published: July 2021

Significance
PIP4Ks are druggable lipid kinases critical in cancer biology whose function in human immunity remains unknown. Here, we show that PIP4Ks specifically control the growth and activity of a subset of human immune cells called Tregs, isolated from the blood of healthy donors. Tregs function to exquisitely control the strength of the immune response. If the immune response is too strong, this can trigger autoimmune disease insurgence, while weak responses can lead to increased infections or enable tumor cell growth. Being able to selectively control Treg activity would impact the strength of immune responses and ultimately how we treat human diseases. Accordingly, we show that a drug-like inhibitor of PIP4K can be used to control Treg cell activity.
A functional analysis reveals extremely low redundancy in global mangrove invertebrate fauna
Authors: Cannicci Stefano , Lee Shing Yip , Bravo Henrique , Cantera-Kintz Jaime Ricardo , Dahdouh-Guebas Farid , Fratini Sara , Fusi Marco , Jimenez Pedro J. , Nordhaus Inga , Porri Francesca , Diele Karen 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceGlobal mangrove deforestation and degradation drive the loss of the associated invertebrate fauna vital to ecosystem services. The functional diversity and resilience of this fauna has not been assessed. We show that even small mangrove patches host functionally diverse faunal assemblages and can act as biodiversity reservoirs. However, globally, functional redundancy of mangrove invertebrates (i.e., the average number of species performing a similar functional role in an assemblage) is extremely low, except in Southeast Asia. Thus, even a modest local loss of invertebrate diversity will have significant negative consequences for mangrove functionality and resilience. Current approaches to assess threats to mangroves heavily rely on loss in areal extent, but our results suggest that loss of function may be more vulnerable.