bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standing time and daily proportion of sedentary time are associated with pain-related disability in a one month accelerometer measurement in adults with overweight or obesity
Authors: Norha Jooa , Hautala Arto J. , Sjöros Tanja , Laine Saara , Garthwaite Taru , Knuuti Juhani , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Vähä-Ypyä Henri , Sievänen Harri , Vasankari Tommi , Heinonen Ilkka H. A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The association between the subjective experience of pain-related disability (PRD) and device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in overweight and obese adults is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of pain markers with accelerometer-measured SB duration and different intensities of PA among physically inactive middle-aged adults with overweight or obesity.

Methods
This cross-sectional analysis included 72 subjects (27 men) with mean age of 57.9 (SD 6.7) years and mean BMI of 31.6 (SD 4.1) kg/m2. SB and standing time (ST), breaks in sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured for four consecutive weeks (mean 25 days, SD 4) with a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer. Headache, musculoskeletal pain, back pain, and PRD were assessed by visual analog scales (VAS) and using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). RAND-36 questionnaire was applied to assess health-related quality of life. The associations were studied by linear models.

Results
ST was positively and SB proportion was negatively associated with PRD when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, accelerometry duration, MVPA, pain medication use, and general health perceptions assessed by RAND-36. No associations were found between ST and back pain. SB or different PA intensities were not associated with pain experience at specific sites.

Conclusions
Longer daily ST, but not LPA or MVPA is associated with higher level of PRD. Correspondingly, higher proportion of SB is associated with lower level of PRD. This suggests that individuals with PRD prefer to stand, possibly to cope with pain. These results may highlight the importance of habitual standing behaviors in coping with experienced PRD in adults with overweight or obesity.
Research of a Surfactant Gel with Potential Application in Oilfield
Authors: Gao Minlan , Tian Wen , Ma Zhihui , Dong Sanbao , Ke Congyu , Zhang Jie , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, a viscoelastic surfactant gel was composed using erucoylamine propyl betaine and other additives. The formulation of this viscoelastic surfactant gel solution was determined as: erucamide propyl betaine:oleic acid amide propyl betaine:octadecyl hydroxyl sulfonate betaine = 1.7%:1.36%:0.01%. Then the performance of viscoelastic surfactant gel fluid was evaluated. The results showed that the viscoelastic surfactant gel has good temperature resistance and salt resistance. At 50°C, the apparent viscosity reaches the maximum value, 37 mPa · s, and it displays high shear resistance under the shear rate of 170 s–1, with the viscosity retention of 83.3%. Kerosene (1%) can completely break the gel within 2 h, which can convert the gel into a surfactant solution soon. Also the gel shows high emulsion ability, which can benefit the oil displacement in oilfield. Finally this gel can enhance the oil displacement rate as high as 28%.
Interaction of Surface Active Drug Promethazine Hydrochloride with Surfactants: Drug Release from Microemulsions
Authors: Kurtanidze Manoni , Butkhuzi Tinatin , Tikanadze Irma , Chaladze Rusudan , Gvaramia Manuchar , Nanobashvili Ketevan , Alexishvili Maka , Toidze Polina , Rukhadze Marina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The interaction of surface-active drugs with surfactants, used in the simulation of artificial membranes by direct and reversed micelles, mainly determines the transport of drugs in the body and the complex process of the binding to receptors. Besides, the delivery of drugs into the body via microemulsions has been successfully used to reduce the first-pass metabolism. The structure of mixed reverse microemulsions based on the ionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) and the cationic surface active drug promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) was studied spectroscopically in the infrared and UV-visible regions, as well as using electrical conductivity and dynamic light scattering. The release profile of PMT from AOT-based microemulsions was studied using cellulose dialysis bags. The introduction of PMT additive into the water pockets of reverse AOT micelles leads to: a) an increase in free water fraction and a decrease in bound water fraction; b) changing the chromatographic retention factors of the model compounds; c) insignificant influence on the values of the binding constant of optical probe o-nitroaniline with the head groups of AOT; d) quenching of water-induced percolation in electrical conductance of reverse AOT microemulsions; e) a slight decrease in the size of water droplets at the same values of the molar ratio of water/surfactant. The release of PMT from the aqueous system obeys Fick’s law of diffusion (n = 0.4852), and the release of PMT from microemulsions is based on non-Fickian or anomalous diffusion.
Electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide on a carbon paste electrode modified by a silver complex based on the 1,3-bis(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)propane ligand
Authors: Li Ruixue , Jiang Yuxuan , Dong Jianping , Sun Fugang , Wu Huilu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new carbon paste electrode (Ag-CPE) modified with a nitrogen heterocyclic silver(I) complex, [Ag2(BBP)2](pic)2·CH3OH (BBP = 1,3-bis(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)propane, pic = picrate), was developed as a highly sensitive and simple electrochemical sensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide. The Ag(I) complex was prepared by an interface reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV/Vis spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ag(I) complex shows a dinuclear cluster structure, which is formed by two BBP ligands bridging two Ag (I) centers and an Ag–Ag interaction (d
Ag–Ag = 3.0875 Å). Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry studies showed that the electrochemical sensing performance of Ag-CPE for H2O2 was improved in 0.2 m phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 6). The electrochemical H2O2 sensor Ag-CPE exhibits a wide linear detection range from 0.5 to 4.0 mm and a lower detection limit of 0.39 μm with a relatively high sensitivity of 6.77 μA mm
−1. Moreover, the sensor also shows good anti-interference properties and stability. The results prove that the Ag(I) complex based on the bis(benzimidazole) ligand may be an efficient component of electrode materials.
Effect of Superhydrophobic Nano-SiO2 on the Geotechnical Characteristics of Expansive Soil
Authors: Luo Xiaoqian , Kong Lingwei , Bai Wei , Jian Tao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The application of an environmentally friendly modifier-superhydrophobic nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) on improving the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil is explored to examine the effect of different percentages of superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 (0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 %, and 1.0 % by weight of the parent soil) on soil expansion, shrinkage, permeability, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Two types of samples, unmodified soil (without nano-SiO2) and modified soil (with nano-SiO2), were used. Results revealed that the shrinkage rate, the Expansion rate, and permeability decreased for the soil samples modified with different contents of superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 and the UCS increased. The shrinkage rate decreased from 3.8 to 2.2 %. The minimum expansion rate of the soil samples modified with superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 was a quarter of that of the unmodified soil. Permeability decreased gradually from 1.38 × 10−8 cm/s to 6.25 × 10−10 cm/s as the superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 content increased. The peak UCS (647 kPa) of modified soil increased by almost 212 % compared with that of the unmodified soil. Superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 helped improve the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil. In the shrinkage and unconfined compressive tests, 0.6 % nano-SiO2 content had a better effect on the modified soil. In the unloaded expansion and permeability test, the expansion rate and permeability decreased as the nano-SiO2 content increased. After the nano-SiO2 content reached 0.6 %, the decreasing speed became slow. The expansion rate and permeability were similar when the nano-SiO2 contents were 0.6 %, 0.8 %, and 1.0 %, respectively. Therefore, the optimum superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 content was 0.6 %.
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Endophytic Actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp.
Authors: Winanda Witri , Batubara Irmanida , Lestari Yulin 
Published: September 2021

Antiobesity medication is available as therapeutic compounds that can reduce fat digestion by the inhibition of pancreatic lipase. Actinobacteria have the potency as source of bioactive compounds with various biological function including as pancreatic lipase inhibitor. However, the potency of endophytic actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp. as source of pancreatic lipase inhibitor producer has not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of 23 endophytic actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp.; to characterize their colony based on morphology and molecular analysis. Screening test of pancreatic lipase inhibitor was conducted using the supernatant of endophytic actinobacteria, lipase pancreatic porcine (L3126) and p-nitrophenyl butyrate. The supernatant of selected isolates was extracted using ethyl acetate. The result showed that various inhibitory activities ranging between 0.00 until 91.69%. There were 11 out of 23 isolates that have potential as pancreatic inhibitor. Amongst them, the extract of four selected isolates, i.e. RZP 1.3, RSSB 3.2, RSS 2.1, and RJB F3.2 demonstrated inhibitory percentage of more than 80%. The RJB F3.2 extract showed to have IC50 value by 431.48 µg mL-1 compared to control, i.e. Xenical (89.07 µg mL-1). Phytochemical analysis exhibited that the extract of the selected isolates contained alkaloid which may function as pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Based on the morphological character, the selected isolates have various morphological colonies and 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed the sequence homology to Streptomyces spp. The data clearly indicate that endophytic actinobacteria from Rhododendron spp. have potency as pancreatic lipase inhibitor producer and further studies could be explored for the development of antiobesity agent.
Study of the Germination of Six Begonia Species as an Effort to Preserve Genetic Resources
Authors: Semarayani Cokorda Istri Meyga , Rahayu Ayyu 
Published: September 2021

Begonia is an ornamental plant that has a high level of morphological diversity. Begonia propagation is mostly done vegetatively and very rarely to propagate sexually. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the ability of six types of Begonia seeds to germinate. Six types of Begonia, namely B. x albopicta W. Bull 'Coral Rubra', B. gambutensis Ardi & D.C.Thomas, B. multistaminea Burt-Utley, B. nelumbifolia Schltdl. & Cham., B. ulmifolia Wild. and B. varipeltata D.C.Thomas. were grown in a petri dish and placed in a growth chamber with a temperature of 23.6 ℃, humidity of 74.5%, and a light intensity of 3,431 lux. The results showed that the different types of Begonia showed significant differences in all the parameters tested. B. nelumbifolia required 7.89 ± 0.18 days to germinate and is the fastest time than other types. The highest percentage of seed germination was also obtained by this species, amounting to 63.22%. In addition, B. nelumbifolia showed the best response to the germination rate coefficient, germination rate index, and germination index. This study revealed complete information about the germination of six types of Begonia. In addition, the ability to produced many seeds and the ease of germination made this plant have the potential to be cultivated through seeds. Furthermore, the information can be used as a basis for seed storage as an ex-situ conservation method to maintain genetic diversity.
FACTORES QUE RESTRINGEN LA COMPETITIVIDAD DE LAS EMPRESAS NACIONALES EN MATERIA TRIBUTARIA
Authors: Vega Centeno Máximo Ugarte 
Published: September 2021

Actualmente	los	sistemas	tributarios	deben	cumplir	funciones	económicas	para	producir	recursos	para	la	producción	de	bienes	y	servicios	públicos,	dentro	de	la	orientación	de	una	política	económica	de	estabilidad	a	corto	plazo. Como	bien	sabemos,	en	el	Perú	los	ingresos	que	tiene	el	Gobierno	en	materia	tributaria	se	dan	principalmente	por	la	recaudación	del	Impuesto	General	a	las	Ventas,	Impuesto	Selectivo	al	Consumo,	Impuesto	al	Comercio	Exterior,	Impuesto	a	la	Renta	y	el	Impuesto	a	las	Transacciones	Financieras.	Sin	embargo,	existe	en	nuestra	estructura	tributaria	factores	que	restringen	la	competitividad,	que	afectan	la	producción	y	la	productividad	empresarial.	En	ese	sentido	se	requiere	de	un	sistema	tributario	con	definiciones	y	normas	claras	y	transparentes,	sin	barreras	burocráticas,	que	sea	flexible	y	que	se	adapte	rápidamente	a	los	cambios	del	entorno	interno	y	externo.	Este	sistema	pasa	por	la	modernización	o	reforma	del	Estado,	que	es	una	exigencia	del	fortalecimiento	institucional	del	país.
LAS AGENCIAS DE VIAJE: DE LAS COMISIONES POR VENTA DE PASAJES A LOS COBROS POR SERVICIOS “FEES”
Authors: Domingo Begazo José , Torres Agurto Ricardo 
Published: September 2021

La	globalización	como	elemento	dinamizador	de	la	economía	mundial	ha	generado	en	el	mundo	empresarial	una	nueva	dinámica	de	herramientas	de	gestión	para	poder	ser	altamente	competitivos.	Esto	puede	ser	aplicable	a	la	gestión	de	las	líneas	aéreas,	las	que	debido	a	los	altos	costos	de	mantenerse	en	el	mercado,	han	reducido	las	comisiones	que	otorgan	a	las	agencias	de	viajes,	bajando	el	valor	del	pasaje	que	venden	desde	un	20%	hasta	el	1%. Esto	ha	hecho	que	las	agencias,	para	poder	sobrevivir,	desarrollen	un	nuevo	concepto	de	aplicación	de	una	tarifa	por	servicio	al	cliente;	éstos	son	los	“fees”.
AGUA DE MAR CRUDA PARA LAS ZONAS URBANAS PRÓXIMAS AL MAR
Authors: Gonzales Cotillo Mario 
Published: September 2021

El	28%	de	la	distribución	del	consumo	de	agua	en	los	hogares	de	las	zonas	urbanas	corresponde	a	los	inodoros	y,	como	el	consumo	total	mínimo	según	la	Superintendencia	Nacional	de	Servicios	de	Saneamiento	(SUNASS)	es	de	10	litros	diarios	por	habitante,	entonces	son	50	litros	diarios	dedicados	a	la	descarga	de	los	inodoros.	El	volumen	de	agua	potable	dedicado	a	los	inodoros	es	elevado,	pero	esto	se	agrava	si	se	tiene	en	cuenta	que	más	de	siete	millones	de	peruanos	carecen	del	recurso	hídrico	y	que	en	el	mundo	4,500	niños	mueren	diariamente	por	esa	carencia.	Ante	tal	situación	se	plantea	que	una	parte	del	enorme	volumen	del	agua	potable	destinado	para	su	uso	en	los	inodoros	sea	reemplazado	por	agua	de	mar	cruda	(filtrada).	Con	ese	fin,	en	razón	de	su	proximidad	al	mar,	se	eligieron	para	el	análisis	correspondiente	siete	distritos	con	gran	población	de	la	provincia	de	Lima	y	la	totalidad	de	la	provincia	del	Callao. Luego	del	análisis	correspondiente	se	demuestra	que	de	implementarse	el	uso	de	agua	de	mar	cruda	para	los	inodoros,	solo	en	los	distritos	elegidos,	se	ahorrarían	más	de	101	millones	de	litros	de	agua	potable	diario,	cantidad	suficiente	para	abastecer	a	casi	00	mil	habitantes.
Propuesta de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria. Estudio de Caso Chileno, Lecciones por Aprender
Authors: Bustamante Sanchez Yolanda 
Published: September 2021

En el contexto de la problemática social existente: pobreza (hambre, enfermedades, inseguridad, racismo, migración), contaminación del planeta: aire, el agua, el suelo, situaciones de violencia en la comunidad y otras formas de degradación y daño social, la Universidad tiene que asumir su responsabilidad tal como lo establece la Constitución Política del Perú, la ley Universitaria 30220, las disposiciones internacionales establecidas en la Red de Pacto Mundial que comprometen la adhesión de instituciones al cumplimiento de sus principios y lineamientos de respeto a los Derechos Humanos, los Derechos Laborales, el Medioambiente, la ISO 26000, la Norma SA8000, Social Accountability AA1000, la Global University Network for Innovation-GUNI (UNESCO-UNU-ACUP).
La presente propuesta tiene como objetivos el de determinar las estrategias para una acertada Responsabilidad Social Universitaria (R.S.U.), establecer la importancia de los medios de comunicación y la Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en el logro de la R.S.U. y reconocer el valor de las políticas institucionales en la implantación de una Cultura socialmente responsable en el contexto universitario que tendrán un gran impacto en la productividad, la satisfacción de los recursos humanos, el cuidado y preservación del capital natural y el fortalecimiento del compromiso institucional.
A Nonlinear Site Amplification Model for the Horizontal Component Developed for Ground-Motion Prediction Equations in Japan Using Site Period as the Site-Response Parameter
Authors: Hou Ruibin , Zhao John X. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
This article presents a nonlinear site amplification model for ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs), using site period as site-effect proxy based on the measured shear-wave velocity profiles of selected KiK-net and K-NET sites in Japan. This model was derived using 1D equivalent-linear site-response analysis for a total of 516 measured soil-site shear-wave velocity profiles subjected to a total of 912 components of rock-site records. The modulus reduction and damping curves for each soil layer were assigned based on the soil-type description for a particular layer. The site period and site impedance ratio affect both the linear and nonlinear parts of this study, and were used as the site parameters in the 1D amplification model. A large impedance ratio enhances the amplification ratios when the site responds elastically and enhances the nonlinear response when the site develops a significant nonlinear response. The effects of moment magnitude and source distance on the linear part of the 1D amplification model were also incorporated in the model. To implement the 1D amplification model into GMPEs, a model adjustment is required to match the GMPE amplification ratio at weak motion and to retain the nonlinear amplification ratio at the strong motion of the 1D model. The two-step adjustment method by Zhao, Hu, et al. (2015) was adopted in this study with significant modifications. It is not possible to obtain a credible second-step adjustment parameter using the GMPEs dataset only. We proposed three methods for calculating the scale factors. Method 1 is a constant angle in a 30°–60° range for all spectral periods; method 2 was based on the GMPE dataset and 1-D model parameters; and method 3 was based on the strong-motion records used for the 1D site modeling. A simple second-step adjustment factor leads to smoothing amplification ratios and soil-site spectrum.
The body waves due to a general seismic source in a layered earth model: 1. Formulation of the theory
Authors: Bache T. C. , Harkrider D. G. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The radiation field exterior to any kind of volume source in a homogeneous medium can be represented in terms of an expansion in spherical harmonics. Such an expansion then provides an equivalent elastic source representation of quite general character in that nearly any proposed seismic source model, whether obtained using analytical or numerical (finite difference or finite element) methods, can be written in this form. The compatibility of this equivalent source with currently used source models, especially numerical models including detailed computations of the nonlinear processes at the source, is discussed. The equivalent source is then embedded in a stack of plane elastic layers representing the near-source crustal geology, and expressions are derived for computing the steeply emergent body waves exiting the base of the model. These displacements can then be combined with transfer functions representing the effect of the remainder of the travel path to compute theoretical seismograms for the body waves recorded in the far-field.
An analysis of tidal strain observations from the United States of America II. The inhomogeneous tide
Authors: Berger Jon , Beaumont Christopher 
Published: September 2021

abstract
In Beaumont and Berger (1975), strain observations from seven sites in the continental United States were analyzed and compared with the homogeneous tides predicted for a radially stratified earth including the effects of ocean-tide loading. In this work the effects of lateral inhomogeneities in structure are examined using two- and three-dimensional finite element models. The results demonstrate that the topographic and geologic corrections are as large as ±25 per cent of the homogeneous strain tide for some of the strainmenter sites examined. Cavity effects are normally less than 5 per cent unless the strainmeters are installed transversely in tunnels. Contour plots of the topographic effects show that they may exceed ±50 per cent of the homogeneous strain in extreme cases.
It is concluded from an error analysis that a theoretical model including local perturbations due to lateral inhomogeneities as well as the load and earth tides explains the observations. However, the errors in the observations, and uncertainties in our knowledge of the deep ocean tides in particular, prevent strain observations from providing useful measures of whole earth elastic properties (Love numbers) or anelasticity.
In addition to earth tides, the results demonstrate that secular strain, in situ stress, and seismic strain must all be corrected for site effects.
Aftershocks of the February 21, 1973 Point Mugu, California earthquake
Authors: Stierman Donald J. , Ellsworth William L. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The ML 6.0 Point Mugu, California earthquake of February 21, 1973 and its aftershocks occurred within the complex fault system that bounds the southern front of the Transverse Ranges province of southern California. P-wave fault plane solutions for 51 events include reverse, strike slip and normal faulting mechanisms, indicating complex deformation within the 10-km broad fault zone. Hypocenters of 141 aftershocks fail to delineate any single fault plane clearly associated with the main shock rupture. Most aftershocks cluster in a region 5 km in diameter centered 5 km from the main shock hypocenter and well beyond the extent of fault rupture estimated from analysis of body-wave radiation. Strain release within the imbricate fault zone was controlled by slip on preexisting planes of weakness under the influence of a NE-SW compressive stress.
A catalog of historical earthquakes in China compiled from recent Chinese publications
Authors: Lee W. H. K. , Wu F. T. , Jacobsen Carl 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A catalog of historical earthquakes in China from 1177 B.C. to 1899 A.D. has been compiled in a form suitable for computers. The data include the date, epicenter, magnitude, and epicentral intensity of the earthquake as well as the province where the earthquake occurred. The source materials are publications in Chinese of the Institute of Geophysics, Academia Sinica. Some of the historical events are evidently related to large faults that are easily discernible from satellite images. Comparing the historical seismicity map to epicenters located by the World Wide Standardized Seismograph Network stations since 1962, we may see the influence of population distribution on the historical data.