bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1999 – « Les modes d'évaluation dans le cadre de l'enseignement multimédia : continuité ou rupture ? »
Authors: Vaillant Christine 
Published: July 2021

Face à l’importance de plus en plus grande de la maîtrise réelle d’une ou plusieurs langues étrangères dans le futur profil professionnel de nos étudiants, la mise à disposition d’outils de communication de l’information multilingue semble a priori imposer une redéfinition du concept et des pratiques d’évaluation de l’apprentissage des langues. Cet article présente quelques aspects d’une communication multimédia faite lors du congrès de l’Apliut en juin 1998 à Saint Nazaire. L’objet de cette intervention étant de décrire les éléments nouveaux de type dynamique (multimodalité, hypernavigation, etc.) induits par l’utilisation des supports multimédias et de proposer des pistes de réponses aux questions suivantes : En quoi les pratiques traditionnelles d’évaluation sont-elle compatibles, adaptables ou totalement inadéquates à l’utilisation des Techniques de l’Information et de la Communication ? En parlant de « nouveaux modes d’évaluation » évoque-t-on de nouveaux outils, de nouveaux dispositifs ou de nouvelles pratiques ?
2003 – « Le vocabulaire militaire français en anglais : étude de la fonction expressive des emprunts français en langue anglaise »
Authors: Chadelat Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2021

Riche de ses 85 % de mots d’origine latine ou française, l’anglais est la langue germanique la plus « méditerranéenne » au plan lexical. Parmi tous ces termes empruntés et assimilés, environ 2000 mots français non anglicisés se distinguent par leur forme étrangère et leur valeur spécifique. On s’intéressera ici à la terminologie du domaine militaire d’un point de vue diachronique et synchronique. La quarantaine de mots français relatifs à la force armée témoigne des relations historiques souvent tumultueuses entre la France et l’Angleterre depuis la guerre de Cent Ans. Mais ces emprunts sont aussi justiciables d’une approche lexiculturelle qui permet de discerner la « vision du monde » qu’ils véhiculent en anglais en remplissant une fonction expressive concurremment avec leur fonction référentielle. Le profil exotique de ces mots d’emprunt signale une valorisation connotative du fait d’un découpage plus idéologique que terminologique de la réalité extra-linguistique.
2004 – « La langue des signes française (LSF) : une langue iconique et spatiale méconnue »
Authors: Millet Agnès 
Published: July 2021

On se propose dans cet article de rendre compte du fonctionnement général de la Langue des Signes Française (LSF). Pour ce faire, on s’appuie sur les dimensions iconiques et spatiales de la langue. On montre ainsi que l’iconicité est au cœur de la formation du lexique et de sa structuration. Cette structuration lexicale, qui crée les réseaux sémantiques propres à la LSF, est assurée conjointement par une variation du mouvement et le maintien de la configuration manuelle à partir d’un signe-base. Au plan syntaxique, c’est également l’iconicité qui fonde ce que l’on a appelé « espaces pré-sémantisés ». Ces espaces, distribués autour du corps du signeur, permettent d’organiser les relations syntaxiques en distribuant les rôles actanciels grâce au mouvement du verbe. Par ailleurs, on montre qu’un procédé morpho-syntaxique original de maintien de configuration manuelle permet d’assurer la cohérence syntaxique et discursive de certains énoncés tout en articulant lexique et syntaxe.
Role of Intravesical Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Controlling Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Patients Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation - A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Garg Akanksha , Dasgupta Roshni , Shah Sandip , Patel Kinnari , Shah Kamlesh 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a well-known complication in patients undergoing hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), contributing considerably to morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) affects the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and the functioning of monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of GM-CSF bladder irrigation for HC post-HSCT.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the clinical effects of GM-CSF (GM-CSF group) in controlling HC in patients who had undergone HSCT at our institute. We also compared these patients with those who did not receive GM-CSF.

Results:
There were 12 patients in the GM-CSF group and seven patients in the non-GM-CSF (control) group. The median ages were 16 years (range: 4–33 years) and 19 years (range; 6–41 years), respectively. Median time-to-resolution of HC from day of onset was 9.5 days in the GM-CSF group versus 59 days in the non GM-CSF group (P = 0.001). Mortality was 85% in the control group as compared to 16% in GM-CSF group (P = 0.008). Among the GM-CSF responders, complete response was seen in eight patients (67%). None of the patients developed any systemic or local side effects to GM-CSF. Overall survival in the two groups was 75% and 14%, respectively (P = 0.043).

Conclusion:
GM-CSF was shown to be effective in controlling HC in post-HSCT patients, without any major side effects, along with decreased mortality and improved overall survival.
Knowledge & Awareness regarding colorectal cancer among health and allied students of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah
Authors: Aga Syed Sameer , Khan Muhammad Anwar , Alsulimani Enad Fahd , Fallatah Mahmoud Ali , Alquzi Abdulrahman Suliman , Alzahrani Rakan Ahmed , Binyamin Mohammad Tarek 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the pivotal public health issues in Saudi Arabia currently. There is a need to examine the knowledge and awareness of the health professions’ students who are going to be the caretakers of the public in years to come.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and awareness of CRC in health and allied students of our Health Sciences University in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
An online predesigned and validated and self-administered Survey/Questionnaire was dispensed to all health and allied students. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS. Data were analyzed by demographic distributions to determine if students of these groups displayed any differential awareness and knowledge for CRC.

Results:
A total of 372 of students answered the online questionnaire with a mean age of 20 + 7.3 (SD) years. There was almost an equal distribution of male (47.8%) and female (52.2%) students and majority of them were single (97.3%). In this study, we found that the students were not having any knowledge of the epidemiology of CRC in Saudi Arabia. The knowledge about the various risk factors of CRC was also very dismal; only a minority of them (34.4%) was able to identify 5 out of 12 CRC risk factors correctly. However, 59.7% of students had no idea about the test/examination methods that are used in screening and detection of CRC, but majority (76.1%) of them were aware that people should get screened for CRC.

Conclusions:
A very low level of awareness and knowledge about CRC was observed in this study among all health and allied students. We strongly recommend that there is a dire need of proactive aggressive preventive medicine campaigns, educational programs, and curricular modifications for the students to prepare them for the challenges posed by increasing burden of cancer in the kingdom.
Empowering adolescents as peer-educators for early prevention of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Claramita Mora , Fitriyani Novi , Syah Nur Afrainin , Hilman Oryzati , Ekawati Fitriana Murriya , Mahmudah Noor Afif , Riskiyana Rilani 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Human lifestyles, including sedentary activities, obesity, and smoking, are associated with a high risk of non-communicable diseases that are a leading cause of death globally. Accordingly, health promotion should be done as early as possible in the adolescent period.

Aims:
This study explores the efficacy of a peer-educator program in promoting the healthy habits of adolescents, via an existing Indonesian community initiative program called ‘POSBINDU’ (Integrated Counseling Post), led by the general practitioners.

Methods:
Twenty-week ‘experiential learning’ approach with mixed-method was designed to: 1) Train 10 GP trainers, 2) Recruit and observe the 10 group-1 and 50 group-2 peer-educators in a high school; 3) Develop modules on health lifestyles by the GPS and peer-educators, and 4) Implement the POSBINDU program at the high school.

Results:
Both GPs and students’ perceptions significantly increased before to after the intervention (p > 0.05). The participants also expressed they experienced increased comprehension of NCDs and the importance of healthy habits.

Conclusions:
The existing POSBINDU community's initiative program can potentially be improved by appropriate interventions to empower school students towards better healthy habits to prevent the early progression of NCDs.
Efficacy of plant derived and synthetic insecticides against cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their effect on coccinellid predators
Authors: Shonga Ermias , Getu Emana 
Published: July 2021

Cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) is one of the major insect pests of brassica crops worldwide. Mainly insecticides are being used for its management which poses hazardous effects on the environment and the applicator. Low efficacy and non-target effect of the available insecticide are the main challenge in the management of the pest in Ethiopia. The use of bio-rational and neonicotinoid pesticides is a promising alternative as they are less vulnerable to resistance development and relatively safe to the environment and the applicator. This study was carried out in 2018/19 cropping season to evaluate the efficacy of plant derived and synthetic insecticides for the management of cabbage aphid and their effect on coccinellid predators on Ethiopian kale. Ten treatments including six synthetic and two botanical insecticides were tested in comparison with the standard check dimethoate 40% EC and the untreated control in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed among the treatments in terms of cabbage aphid population reduction and their effect on coccinellid beetles. The botanical mix (Garlic+onion+pepper) and imidacloprid were at par with each other and found to be the best treatment with 93.79% and 91.04% efficacy, respectively. The maximum leaf yield was obtained from imidacloprid (14.18 t/ha) followed by botanical mix (13.45 t/ha) and lufenuron (12.42 t/ha). The highest yield increment over control was obtained from imidacloprid (3.1 t/ha), followed by botanical mix (2.37 t/ha). The botanical mix, imidacloprid and neem seed extract were highly effective in aphid control as well as less hazardous to ladybird beetle (Coccinella septempunctata L.). The highest cost benefit ratio was recorded with profenofos (1:1.14) followed by lufenuron (1:0.2), spinosad and nimbecidine (1:0.18). Results of the current study demonstrated that imidacloprid and plant-based insecticides can reduce aphid populations equally to conventional insecticides and could be used as an alternative component for the integrated pest management (IPM) of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) on kale crop under field condition of smallholder farming system.
Geological controls on brine discharge in Itumbula Salt Dam within the Rukwa Rift in Momba District, Tanzania
Authors: Maswi Mwita S , Minja Octavian , Batwenge Chakutema 
Published: July 2021

The Itumbula salt dam of the Rukwa Rift Basin is a depression formed through extraction of spring-derived salt crystals. Brine yield by springs which is the primary cause of significant amounts of salt in the dam required further geological investigations to understand yield controls. In this study, detailed field geological investigations in the salt dam and its surroundings were conducted to ascertain brine discharge controls. These included documentation of lithology and surface manifestations of brine deposition. Geophysical methods (i.e. magnetic and electric surveys) for studying geologic structures associated with brine deposits, and laboratory analysis of cations and anions (e.g. chlorides, bicarbonates or sulphates) essential to characterize composition of waters were also performed. The information on the springs discharge rate was retrieved from the previous studies. The magnetic profile revealed a very low magnetic anomaly across the salt dam, trending NW to SE direction, which is interpreted to be the main structure that controls fluid movements in the dam. Electric resistivity survey results delineated a low resistivity body in the central part of the dam interpreted as porous formation with saline water. Hydro-chemistry of the hot spring brines indicated high levels of sodium and chloride ions contents than magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulphate, and carbonate and bicarbonate ions, interpreted to be mature water with minimal water mixing. The structurally controlled brines of approximately 2.5 kg/s are discharged in the study area.
Keywords: Geologic Structures, Brine, Salt Production, Momba, Rukwa Basin.
Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons contamination in soils and groundwater using electrical resistivity and hydrochemical methods-Case study: Ayetoro, Osogbo southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Fakunle Mutiu A , Ibraheem Muhydeen A , Agbaje Wasiu B , Abidoye Luqman A 
Published: July 2021

The presence of Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHCs) in hand-dug wells has become a concern to the residents of Ayetoro area, Osogbo. Consequently, the detection of PHCs was evaluated using, nine Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) and 2D electrical resistivity tomography surveys. Soil samples collected were analyzed for porosity and permeability. Hand-dug well water samples were screened for PHCs. VES revealed that second layer had high apparent resistivity of 14415.0 Ωm, indicating presence of PHCs that had penetrated to maximum depth of 19.1 m. The highest resistivity of the control points was 48.0 Ωm, indicating absence of PHCs. The 2D resistivity revealed highest value of 3622 Ωm and had migrated to a depth of 10.0 m. The porosity (0.40) and permeability (6.87516 x 10–4 cm/s) were typical of silty clay which allowed passage of PHCs. Hydro-chemical analysis indicated presence of PHCs (0.50–11.00 mg/L). The study has established presence of PHCs in soils and hand-dug wells.
Keywords: Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Soil, Groundwater, Electrical resistivity tomography
Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the properties of room-temperature oxygenated DC sputtered zinc thin films for CZTS solar cells application
Authors: Ollotu Emmanuel R , Mlyuka Nuru R , Samiji Margaret E 
Published: July 2021

This work investigated the potential to achieve zinc oxide (ZnO) films for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells window layer at controlled annealing conditions as a potential approach to address elemental inter-diffusion in CZTS solar cells. This involved rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of room-temperature oxygenated DC sputtered zinc thin films in an ambient of nitrogen gas at different temperatures. Structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of these films were determined by X-ray diffractometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer, and Hall Effect measurement, respectively. ZnO phases were observed after annealing the films over 150 °C. The films’ grains sizes improved with increasing RTA temperature. An exponential decrease in these films’ resistivity was observed with increasing RTA temperature attaining the lowest value at 300 °C. The bandgap and average solar transmittance of the films increased with increasing RTA temperature achieving values that are potential for applications in CZTS solar cells window layer at RTA temperatures beyond 200 °C.
Keywords: Sputtering; Rapid thermal annealing; Zinc oxide; Structural; Opt-electrical
Evaluation of scatter suppression algorithm for X-ray exposure of soft tissue equivalent phantoms over nominal energy range using FLUKA code
Authors: Omondi Samson O , Lugendo Innocent J , Kazema Ramadhan R , Kinyua Robert 
Published: July 2021

Soft tissue imaging is heavily impaired by streaks and cupping effects associated with X-ray scatter. Quality of images from projection imaging may be improved by the use of enhanced anti-scatter grids’ designs with potency to reject significant scatter. However, optimization of grid characteristics requires investigation to improve diagnostic image quality. Transmitted scatter spatially distributed degrades images engendering need for effective scatter correction protocols. This study investigated the pre-scan scatter suppression algorithm for X-ray exposure of soft tissue equivalent phantoms over nominal energy range. Adipose tissue and polymethyl methacrylate phantoms of cross-sectional area (30 x 30) cm2 and of varying thickness from 2 to 8 cm in 1 cm increments were successively exposed using energy ranging between 20–50 kVp. Monte Carlo simulation based on FLUKA code and flair interface was used to generate an input file for execution. The source simulated five cycles of ten million photons each of annular X-ray photon beam of radius, r = 0.5 cm at fixed field of view (FOV) through anti-scatter grid on to gadolinium oxysulfide detector. The transmitted total, scatter and primary estimates were evaluated with and without grids over varying phantom thicknesses, energy and grid design features. The simulated and experimental results obtained were comparable and in agreement with previous literature. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for scatter fraction and scatter to primary ratio were 0.983 and 0.981, respectively. The strong correlation between simulation and experiment results indicated correctness in methodology and protocol. The algorithms and protocols in the simulation would be appropriate for designing grids with enhanced scatter rejection capabilities.
Keywords: FLUKA code, Monte Carlo simulation, Scatter suppression algorithm, Scatter correction, X-ray imaging systems.
Influence of carbonitriding conditions on phase composition and residual stresses for 20MnCr5 low alloy steel
Authors: Katemi Richard J , Epp Jeremy 
Published: July 2021

This paper reports an investigation of the influence of carbonitriding conditions for 20MnCr5 low alloy steel. Three gaseous carbonitriding conditions were investigated based on different carbon and nitrogen potentials to attain varying levels of carbon between 0.62 and 0.93% mass, whereas for nitrogen between 0.19 and 0.26% mass at the surface. Analysis of retained austenite and residual stress distributions was conducted using X-ray diffraction technique. The effective case depth varied between 900 and 1200 µm. The case microstructures were characterized by varying proportions of retained austenite and martensite, while the core contained essentially bainitic microstructures. The maximum amount of retained austenite which occurred at a depth of 50 µm from the subsurface ranged between 30 and 70% mass and significantly influenced the level of surface micro-hardness whereas the core hardness remaining relatively constant at 450 HV1. High values of residual stresses in martensite phase were observed. The signs, magnitudes, distributions and location of maximum compressive residual stresses were highly influenced by the maximum fraction of retained austenite. Retained austenite of 30%, 50% and 70% mass at the surface lead to peak compressive residue stresses of -280, -227, and -202 MPa at depths of 555, 704, and 890 μm, respectively.
Keywords: Carbonitriding, retained austenite, martensite, residual stress, XRD.
Assessment of the quality and quantity of organic matter in the Rufiji mangrove surface sediments using biochemical composition
Authors: Shilla Daniel A. 
Published: July 2021

This study was carried out to investigate spatial changes in the quality and quantity of sedimentary organic matter in the Rufiji mangrove system, Tanzania. Sediment samples were collected from three sampling sites. Total organic matter in mangrove sediments ranged from 7.28 ± 2.02% to 10.58 ± 1.34%. Protein concentrations varied from 1,145.33 ± 20.33 μg/g to 2,747.50 ± 25.14 μg/g in the mangrove sediments. Total carbohydrates, lipids and biopolymeric carbon in mangrove sediments ranged between 1,110.50 ± 16.31 μg/g and 1,914.17 ± 27.79 μg/g, 1,436.50 ± 24.13 μg/g and 6,373.50 ± 25.79 μg/g, and 4,496 μg C/g and 10,231.50 μg C/g, respectively. Tannins and lignins in mangrove sediments varied from 817.67 ± 12.97 μg/g to 1786.50 ± 30.74 μg/g, while stable carbon isotope (δ13C) in Rufiji mangrove sediments ranged between –26.64 ± 0.10 ‰ and –25.48 ± 0.13 ‰. Higher protein:carbohydrate (PRT:CHO) at station 3 indicated the presence of freshly deposited organic matter. The high lipid:carbohydrate (LPD:CHO) ratios observed in the Rufiji mangrove systems pointed towards the high quality of labile organic matter which supports benthic fauna. PCA revealed the association of variables and their distribution on trends across sites of the Rufiji mangrove system.
Keywords: Organic matter, biochemical composition, Rufiji, mangroves, sediments
Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and site analyses of Arusha International Conference Centre (AICC), Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Ferdinand Richard W 
Published: July 2021

This work presents the evaluation of earthquake resistance of the Arusha International ConferenceCentre (AICC) complex, in Tanzania. The evaluation included probabilistic seismic hazardanalysis (PSHA) and site response analysis. Seismic sources considered to constitute a seismichazard in this study were randomly occurring seismicity located within five tectonic provincesaround the site. For each province the seismic hazard is based on a cursory analysis of earthquakedata from compiled ESARSWG bulletins and temporary deployed networks within the NorthTanzania Divergence (NTD). Bedrock response signal together with the information of materialcharacteristics from boreholes around the AICC site were used in analysis of site response. PSHAresults indicated uniform hazard spectra values of 0.15, 0.2 and 0.27 g for return periods of 475,975 and 2475 years, respectively. The surface ground response results indicated a maximumamplification factor of 3.7 and a spectral response of 4.5 g for a wave period of 0.6 sec thatmatches the natural frequency of the 6-7 storey buildings of the AICC complex. It is thisresonance effect on the buildings that is assumed to have caused intense shaking in the earthquakeof December 5th 2005 from Lake Tanganyika.
Keywords: Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis; Arusha International Conference Centre; EastAfrican Rift System; Uniform hazard spectra; Site effect.