bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Corneal Incisions Using Steel, Diamond, and Sapphire Blades
Authors: Van Meter Woodford S , Breen Charles , Hainsworth Dean P , Geissler Richard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In order to compare the wound morphology they produce, we used steel (Myocure), diamond (CILCO DK 121), and sapphire (Katena K2-6500) blades, to make parallel linear incisions, 500 µm deep, in 12 fresh enucleated porcine eyes. There was no discernible difference among the blades in terms of either the morphology of the collagen lamellae of the sides or the depth of the incisions produced. The major differences in the cuts produced were attributable primarily to the differences in the footplates.
Argon Laser Pretreatment in Nd: YAG Iridotomy
Authors: Goins Kenneth , Schmeisser Elmar , Smith Thomas 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Argon laser pretreatment prior to Nd: YAG laser iridotomy may decrease the incidence of operative hemorrhage. In a prospective, randomized clinical trial involving 12 patients (24 eyes), one eye was randomly assigned treatment with the Nd: YAG laser alone, while the other eye was pretreated with argon laser photocoagulation immediately prior to Nd:YAG laser. Eight of the 12 eyes (67%) treated with Nd: YAG laser alone had operative hemorrhages; only 2 of the 12 (17%) pretreated eyes did. Thus, argon laser pretreatment significantly reduced the incidence of hemorrhage during Nd: YAG iridotomy (P= .012).
Artificial Orbit System for Experimental Surgery With Enucleated Globes
Authors: Lowery MS Joseph A , Parel Jean-Marie , Roussel Thomas J , Simon Gabriel , Lee William , Nose Izuru 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A portable system for holding, accurately positioning, and restoring the physiologic integrity of enucleated globes during experimental anterior segment procedures and pars plana vitrectomy is described. A 0 to 500-mm Hg vacuum fixation ring and positioning apparatus mechanically locks globes into known spatial position while they are supported in a 2 to 6-mm Hg pressurized, pliable socket designed to match the size and pressure of a natural orbit. A gravity infusion system and an implantable piezoelectric pressure sensor in conjunction with a syringe and stopcock assembly allow for controlled inflation of globes to intraocular pressure OOP) levels from 0 to 70 mm Hg, and to over 300 mm Hg. The fixation vacuum level, and intraocular and extraocular pressures are simultaneously monitored on 3-digit LED displays, and permanent records of each can be generated by routing data to storage devices. The anterior segment remains accessible at all times for surgical procedures and diagnostic measurements. The entire system is portable, allowing globes to be transported to multiple experimental stations, while all pressure settings and the position of the globe are maintained.
To demonstrate applications of the artificial orbit system, we describe experiments using it to calibrate applanation tonometers, and to study the relationship between IOP and corneal curvature as well as the effect of trephination procedures and limbal vacuum fixation on IOP.
Central Retinal Vein Obstruction and Axial Length
Authors: Brown Melissa M , Brown Gary C , Menduke Hyman 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The axial lengths of 24 consecutive adult eyes with unilateral central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO) were compared with those of contralateral unaffected eyes and those of a control population. The lengths of the two eyes of persons with a unilateral CRVO were not significantly different. By contrast, eyes of persons with CRVO averaged 0.67 mm (approximately 2 diopters) shorter than their control counterparts (P - .03). This anatomic difference may be a factor in the development of CRVO.
A New Ophthalmic Microtrephine
Authors: Sisler Hampson A , Allarakhia Liaquat 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a new instrument designed to facilitate the microtrephination of tissues required in various ophthalmic procedures. This microtrephine is a 21-gauge stainless steel tube, 0.81 mm in diameter and 16 mm long, with a sharpened cutting end and a plastic finger-grip area to facilitate micro-rotation. A standard plastic luer hub allows the trephine to be used with a syringe, either a standard type or one with a spring-assisted plunger. Scar tissue, biopsy specimens, or abnormal inflammatory fluids can be suctioned into the syringe for subsequent pathologic examination.
Normal Eyelid Crease Position in Children
Authors: Zamora Rene L , Becker William L , Custer Philip L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Proportions of the upper lid were determined based on the following measurements in 33 children: lashline-lid crease (LC), lashline-lower brow (LB), vertical fissure, and horizontal fissure. Age-matched mean measurements (mean LC/LB ratio = 0.33) for 26 white vs 7 black children, and for 16 males vs 17 females were not significantly different. However, the mean ratio in 15 preschool and school-age children was significantly greater than that in 18 infants and toddlers (less than 4 years old) (P < .01 ). We conclude that the normal eyelid crease position in children is one third up the lashline to the lower brow. However, the normal eyelid crease position in infants and toddlers is slightly less than, and, in older preschool and school-age children, slightly greater than this distance up the lashline. Thus, age may determine the surgical placement of the eyelid crease in children with indistinct creases.
Prophylaxis of Endophthalmitis
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Daun Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Prophylactic antibiotics can be administered by various routes to prevent endophthalmitis. Topical application is simple and minimally invasive, but it provides relatively poor penetration into the vitreous. Collagen shields are effective in delivering therapeutic levels of antibiotics to the cornea and aqueous but not to the vitreous cavity. Systemic administration for prophylaxis is questionable because of the poor ocular penetration of most drugs (however, some antibiotics, such as imipenem, pefloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, may provide therapeutic levels to the vitreous). Subconjunctival injection may provide significant drug levels in the aqueous for 4 to 6 hours. However, we found subconjunctival gentamicin ineffective in experimentally induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis in postoperative aphakic eyes.
We recommend the use of antibiotics in infusion fluid. In cases of trauma, we inject 48 ^g gentamicin and 54 ^g clindamycin intracamerally or intravitreally.
Wound Strength Comparison of a 5.1-Millimeter No-Stitch With a 7.0-Millimeter Sutured Incision in Human Cadaver Globes
Authors: Heier Jeffrey S , Walton William T , Enzenauer Robert W , Rice William , Tuman David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We compared the wound strength of 5.1 -millimeter no-stitch incisions with that of 7. 0-millimeter sutured incisions in cadaver eyes. Each incision was performed on seven cadaver eyes. Wound integrity was evaluated by subjecting each globe to increasing intraocular pressure HOP), increasing external pressure, and sudden external pressure. Wound leaks occurred in the 7. 0-mill i meter-incision globes at consistently lower IOPs and with less external pressure than they did in the 5.1 -millimeter-incision globes. We conclude that the 5.1-millimeter no-stitch flap incision has greater wound integrity than the 7.0millimeter sutured incision when subjected to either internal or external pressures.
Early and Late Postoperative Application of 5-Fluorouracil Following Trabeculectomy in Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Hefetz Limor , Keren Tamar , Naveh Nava 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Intraocular pressure HOP) control was studied retrospectively in two groups of 14 consecutive patients following trabeculectomy with adjunct i ve postoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. In one of the groups (the early-treatment group), 5-FU injections were started 2.4 ± 0.6 days postoperatively; in the other group (the delayed-treatment group), they were started only when clinical signs suggested impending bleb failure (12.6 ± 5.4 days postsurgery). The patients in the two groups were age-matched and had a similar history of previous failed glaucoma operations or diabetes, both of which are considered indications for postoperative S-FU injections. The mean number of 5-FU injections and the total dose in the two groups did not differ significantly (5.3 ± 0.8 and 5.5 ±1.1 injections, respectively; 26.4 ± 3.9 and 27.5 ± 5.3 mg 5-FU total dose, respectively). The average follow up for the two groups was 16.7 ± 2.5 and 16.9 ± 2.7 months, respectively.
With an IOP of 18 mm Hg or less with or without medications considered a success, 42.8% of the delayed-treatment and 71.4% of the early-treatment cases were successful. More medications were required in the early-treatment group. Postoperative transient corneal epithelial defects occurred in 71.4% and 78.4% of the eyes in the late- and early-treatment groups, respectively, an insignificant difference. Conjunctiva! wound leak occurred in one patient (in the delayed-treatment group).
These results suggest that application of 5-FU at a relatively late postoperative point (more than 10 days after surgery), based on clinical evidence of impending bleb failure, can still effectively control IOP, although to a lesser degree than application at an earlier point postoperatively. Thus, in cases with impending bleb failure, 5-FU application may be advisable even at a relatively late point after surgery.
Open-Sky Phacoemulsification During Corneal Transplantation
Authors: Lindquist Thomas D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A continuous, circular capsulorhexis maintains the integrity of the anterior capsule. During corneal transplantation, a capsulorhexis may be combined with phacoemulsification, allowing the cataractous lens to be delivered in small fragments, thereby maintaining the integrity of the anterior capsular margin. This approach allows stable "in-the-bag" placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) during combined cataract extraction and corneal transplantation. The technique also minimizes the risk of radial anterior capsular tears and subsequent decentration of the PC-IOL.
Prevalence of Posterior Vitreous Detachment in Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Hikichi Taiichi , Akiba Jun , Trempe Clement L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To investigate the prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and PVD with collapse in relation to age in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we retrospectively studied the vitreous condition in 218 eyes of 109 patients with RR Two hundred thirty healthy eyes of 115 subjects served as controls. The prevalence of both PVD and PVD with collapse, respectively, in the first through the sixth decades of life, and in the second through the seventh decades was significantly higher in the RP eyes than in the controls (P < .01). Our findings demonstrated the early onset and progression of PVD with age in the eyes with RP as compared with the control eyes.
Microplate Fixation of Prefabricated Subperiosteal Orbital Floor Implants
Authors: Jordan David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Microplating and miniplating systems are widely available for repairing fractures involving the orbit, face, cranium, and mandible. These plates are superior to traditional wiring techniques because the fractured bones are held in position immediately after the plates have been screwed into position (rigid fixation). Recently, we have found the T-shaped microplate quite helpful in securing the prefabricated subperiosteal orbital floor implants commonly used to augment orbital volume in anophthalmic sockets.
Posterior Lens Dislocation During Attempted Phacoemulsification
Authors: Chern Sandra , Yung Chi-Wah 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Mechanisms of posterior lens dislocation during phacoemulsification have been suggested, but the actual mechanism involved has not been demonstrated. Chart reviews of cataract surgeries performed at Indiana University from 1991 until the present identified nine cases of posterior lens dislocation that occurred during phacoemulsification. In four, the procedure was converted early to a can-opener capsulotomy. Cadaver eye studies showed the role of an imperfect capsulorhexis in extending tears while a "trap door" was being formed for posterior nuclear dislocation during phacoemulsification.
Improvement of Visual Field Indices After Surgical Reduction of Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Gandolfi Stefano A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In a prospective case series (consecutive patients) of 30 eyes from 30 subjects with medically uncontrolled glaucoma being treated at a hospital-based, referral glaucoma service, we sought to ascertain if a surgically obtained reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in human glaucomatous eyes is paralleled by an improvement of the visual field. Uncomplicated limbus-based trabeculectomy was performed in 13 men and 17 women familiar with computerized perimetry testing, with a pupil diameter of at least 4 mm (measured at the Goldmann perimeter bowl), a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes, and a Mean Sensitivity (MS) index greater than 10 dB. The main outcomes measured were: visual field data (Octopus, program Gl) and IOP (mean of the two highest values during the diurnal curve) obtained 3 days before and 3 months after surgery in both the operated and the fellow eyes.
In the operated eyes, an increase of MS (from 17.2 ± 2.4 to 18.9 ± 2.8, P < .00000T, paired samples two-tailed t test) was observed. Meanwhile, the Corrected Loss Variance (CLV) remained substantially the same (46.8 ± 12.2 before, vs 47.3 ± 13.4 after; P = .87, paired samples two-tailed ttest). The increase in MS was positively correlated with the amount of IOP reduction (linear regression: r = 0.901, P < .00001). No statistically significant change of either MS or CLV values occurred in the fellow eyes.
The correlation between the amount of IOP reduction and the increased MS suggests that, in the short term, reducing the IOP may improve visual function to some extent. The apparent lack of correlation between the amount of IOP reduction and the CLV may indicate that the depth of the preexistent glaucomatous scotomas remains unchanged.
Caruncular Malignant Melanoma in a Black Patient
Authors: Kalski Richard S , Lomeo Mark D , Kirchgraber Paul R N , Levine Mark R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An 84-year-old black woman had a right caruncular lesion that had progressively enlarged over the past 3 months. Surgical excision and cryotherapy were performed. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of caruncular malignant melanoma, a rare lesion which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in a black patient.
The Ocular Effects of Intralenticular Iron Foreign Bodies in Rabbits
Authors: Virata Steven R , Kylstra Jan A , Peiffer Robert L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Optimal treatment of intralenticular metallic foreignbody injuries remains controversial, especially in patients with clear lenses and good vision. Using 20 rabbit eyes, we examined the cataractogenic potential of intralenticular iron and its effects on the retina. Iron wire implanted into the lenses of 12 rabbit eyes caused cataracts in every eye within 4 weeks. However, after 4 ½ weeks, none of these eyes showed evidence of retinal siderosis. No cataracts developed in five eyes with intralenticular glass, while three with intravitreal iron showed marked retinal toxicity. These results suggest that as long as the lenses remain clear, conservative management of these injuries carries minimal risk of permanent retinal damage.
The "Lost Lens": A New Surgical Technique Using the Machemer Lens
Authors: Weinstein George W , Charlton Judie F , Esmer Ertan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We describe a method of removing a posteriorly dislocated lens involving the use of a Machemer lens to visualize displaced lens remnants. Following core vitrectomy, the lens remnants are brought anteriorly and then removed by phacoemulsification. Lens implantation may then be performed with sulcus fixation. Eight of 10 patients in which this technique was used achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity.
Ocular Motility Defects in Patients With the Krupin Valve Implant
Authors: Frank Jacqueline W , Perkins Todd W , Kushner Burton J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence of ocular motility defects following placement of a Krupin valve with disk and adjunctive mitomycin-C in glaucoma patients, a retrospective case series of all patients receiving a Krupin valve with disk and intraoperative mitomycin-C in a university-based referral practice was conducted. Each of the seven consecutive patients undergoing placement of a Krupin valve with disk in one eye because of uncontrolled glaucoma, developed significant primary position heterotropia or limitation of ocular rotations. One patient had significant postoperative diplopia. We conclude that the Krupin valve with disk used with intraoperative mitomycin-C can be associated with the development of ocular motility defects. The limitation of rotations appears to relate to the combined mechanisms of implant and cyst bulk and the displacement of the oculorotary muscles by the encapsulating cyst.
Cataract Formation in Peter's Anomaly After Trabeculotomy
Authors: Mullaney Paul , Al-Awad Abdulaziz 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Trabeculotomy is a well-documented procedure for reducing intraocular pressure in primary infantile glaucoma with cloudy corneas. However, the efficacy of the procedure is reduced in glaucoma associated with other ocular disorders. We report a child with lens-corneal adhesions in whom trabeculotomy produced a secondary cataract.
Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma of the Orbit
Authors: Jordan David R , MacDonald Hector , Noel Leon , Carpenter Blair , Brownstein Seymour , Munro Shane 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm that involves mainly the deep soft tissues of the extremities, particularly the thighs and the buttock. Involvement of the orbit is uncommon. We describe a young child with such a tumor and illustrate the characteristic features.
Oncocytic Adenocarcinoma of the Lacrimal Sac: Report of a Case With Paranasal Sinus and Orbital Extension
Authors: Perlman Jay I , Specht Charles S , McLean Ian W , Wolfe S Anthony 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 92-year-old man has had multiple recurrent oncocytic tumors involving the right paranasal sinuses and orbit. A benign oncocytoma that arose from the right lacrimal sac was initially diagnosed at age 80 years. The tumor recurred at 3 and 7 years after initial resection. There was greater histologie atypia in the first recurrent tumor, which extended into the right paranasal sinuses. The second recurrence had zones of oncocytic adenocarcinoma exhibiting prominent nuclear atypia and mitotic activity; this tumor massively invaded the right paranasal sinuses and orbit. We describe the clinical and pathologic features of this rare case.
Effect of Brimonidine 0.5% on Intraocular Pressure Spikes Following 360° Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Brimonidine tartrate 0.5%, a topical alpha2-adrenergic agonist, was administered before and after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to evaluate its efficacy against postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled investigations evaluated four treatment regimens in 471 patients undergoing ALT for glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The combined results are presented.
* RESULTS: IOP elevations ≥10 mm Hg occurred in 1% (1/122) of the patients who received brimonidine before and after ALT; in 2% (2/119) of those receiving brimonidine before and vehicle after; in 1% (1/114) of those receiving vehicle before and brimonidine after; and in 23% (27/116) of those receiving vehicle before and after (P<.001).
* CONCLUSION: The brimonidine regimens were generally effective and well-tolerated ocularly and systemically.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:404-409.]
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and Corneal Endothelium in Nd:YAG-Laser Iridotomy
Authors: Marraffa Michele , Marchini Giorgio , Pagliarusco Andrea , Perfetti Sergio , Toscano Andrea , Brunelli Chiara , Tosi Roberto , Bonomi Luciano 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Thirty eyes affected by angle-closure glaucoma that had undergone YAG-laser iridotomy were studied to evaluate variations of central anterior chamber depth, width of the angle, and loss of endothelial cells after laser treatment.* PATIENTS AND METHODS: These parameters were determined before and after iridotomy: endothelial cell count using a "non-contact" specular biomicroscope, and anterior chamber depth and angle width using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). The width of the iridotomy and the distance of the iridotomy from the scleral spur and from the corneal endothelium were also measured by UBM, after laser treatment.* RESULTS: Results confirmed that, after iridotomy, there is not a significant variation in the central depth of the anterior chamber: it goes from 2.02 mm pre-laser to 2.07 ± 0.38 mm post-laser. There is, however, a statistically significant increase in the angle (P < .001), which goes from 10.69 ± 8.88° (0.109 ± 0.07 mm) to 21.03 ± 11.28° (0.183 ± 0.09 mm). The mean dimension of the iridotomies was 0.46 ± 0.13 mm. The mean endothelial cell count was 55.8 ± 4.08 cells per linear millimeter before laser treatment and 47.01 ± 5.39 cells per linear millimeter afterward (P < .001).* CONCLUSION: This study confirms that YAG-laser iridotomy leads to a reduction in the average endothelial cell density. The loss of these cells is inversely proportional to the distance of the iridotomy from the endothelium and the scleral spur.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:519-523.]
Simultaneous Surgery for Bilateral Pediatric Cataracts
Authors: Zwaan Johan 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To perform a review of the literature comparing the safety of bilateral simultaneous lensectomies in children versus the risk of more than one general anesthesia within a short time frame, and to study the results of bilateral surgery in a small group of patients.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Bilateral simultaneous lensectomies were performed in 9 children (18 eyes), in whom increased anesthetic risks warranted this approach.
* RESULTS: There were no postoperative complications for at least 6 months.
* CONCLUSION: Data in the current literature on endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and on the risks of repetitive anesthesia are inadequate to weigh the risk of bilateral endophthalmitis against the reduced risk of one anesthesia versus two and the advantages of simultaneous early visual rehabilitation. Until such information becomes available, simultaneous removal of bilateral infantile cataracts should probably be reserved for selected cases where the anesthetic risk is higher than average.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:15-20.]
Removal of Silicone Oil and Epimacular Proliferation From Eyes Following Vitrectomy
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Bhende Pramod Sadashiorao , Parikh Sunil , Gopal Lingam , Biswas Jyotirmay , Badrinath Sengamedu Srinivasa 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epimacular proliferation (EMP) represents a localized form of reproliferation at the macula. The significance of EMP in eyes that have undergone vitrectomy is still not clear. This study investigated the redetachment rate following silicone oil removal when combined with removal of EMP.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive eyes underwent removal of silicone oil and EME These eyes had attached retinas following silicone oil injection used as an adjunct to complex vitreoretinal surgery.
* RESULTS: The retina remained attached in 19 (86.4%) of the eyes, with functional improvement in vision in 81.8% of the eyes. Visual acuity of 6/60 (20/200) or better was obtained in 12 (54.5%) of the eyes. The mean follow-up time was 6.3 months.
* CONCLUSION: These results suggest that removal of EMP and silicone oil does not increase the risk of redetachment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:192-196.]