bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Metabolites Identification and Antioxidant Activity Determination of Crude Extract of Barringtonia asiatica l. (kurz) Leaves
Authors: Permana Rega , Andhikawati Aulia 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The aims of this study were to elucidate the pythochemical compounds from the leaf of mangrove (Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) colleceted from the coast of Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia as well as its antioxidant activity profile.
Study Design: The study was designed experimentally with two replication (duplo) for the extraction preparation and analyzed statistically using regression linear for the determination of Inhibition Concentration at 50% or IC50.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample were collected from the mangrove ecotourism site at Pangandaran Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The experimental study was performed at the Tropical Marine and Fisheries Laboratory, Fisheries Department, PSDKU Padjadjaran University, Indonesia.
Methodology: The identification of pythochemical contents of the leaf was carried out qualitatively with the principle of formation of precipitate, color and foam. The extraction was performed accordingly using three different types of solvent, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Lastly, the antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH (1,-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and IC50 were analyzed subsequently.
Results: Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the leaves of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) contain bioactive compounds in the form of tannins and saponins. The methanol extract of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz) was proven to have moderate strength antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 125.87 ppm.
Conclusion: this results concluded that different geographic region can influence the phytochemical constituent of the of Barringtonia asiatica L. (Kurz). Furthermore, this doesn’t hindered its antioxidant activity potential as it still proven to have a relatively medium antioxidant activity.
Image Compression Technique Based on Fractal Image Compression Using Neural Network – A Review
Authors: Naaman Diyar Waysi 
Published: July 2021

Image compression research has increased dramatically as a result of the growing demands for image transmission in computer and mobile environments. It is needed especially for reduced storage and efficient image transmission and used to reduce the bits necessary to represent a picture digitally while preserving its original quality. Fractal encoding is an advanced technique of image compression. It is based on the image's forms as well as the generation of repetitive blocks via mathematical conversions. Because of resources needed to compress large data volumes, enormous programming time is needed, therefore Fractal Image Compression's main disadvantage is a very high encoding time where decoding times are extremely fast. An artificial intelligence technique similar to a neural network is used to reduce the search space and encoding time for images by employing a neural network algorithm known as the “back propagation” neural network algorithm. Initially, the image is divided into fixed-size and domains. For each range block its most matched domain is selected, its range index is produced and best matched domains index is the expert system's input, which reduces matching domain blocks in sets of results. This leads in the training of the neural network. This trained network is now used to compress other images which give encoding a lot less time. During the decoding phase, any random original image, converging after some changes to the Fractal image, reciprocates the transformation parameters. The quality of this FIC is indeed demonstrated by the simulation findings. This paper explores a unique neural network FIC that is capable of increasing neural network speed and image quality simultaneously.
Prevalence of Anaemia at Booking amongst Antenatal Clinic Attendees in Some Health Facilities in Ogoni, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Eli S. , Popnen G. P. Tee , Kalio D. G. B. , Briggs N. C. T. , Okagua K. E. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is an indirect cause of maternal mortality. Myriad of factors predispose pregnant women to anaemia in pregnancy in the developing countries of the world of which poverty, illiteracy and ignorance are central. The prevalence of anaemia in the developing countries of the world is between 32% and 62.2%.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of anaemia amongst antenatal clinic attendees in Ogoni, South-South Nigeria and offer preventive measures.
Material and Methods: This was a retrospective four months cross-sectional study of antenatal clinic attendees at booking in three (3) primary health care facilities and general hospitals Bori and Tera, in Ogoni, South-South Nigeria. Three hundred and eighty (380) pregnant women’s biodata including their packed cell volume were collected. These pieces of information were computed using a structured proforma. The data were coded and analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 25.
Results: The mean age of the study antenatal clinic attendees was 28 years. The mean gestational age at booking was 25weeks. The range for the packed cell volume was 25% to 36% and the mean packed cell volume at booking was 30%. Three hundred and eighteen (318) (84.0%) had anaemia (with packed cell volume less than 33%). Majority of patients 249 (65.6%) had mild anaemia There was none with severe anaemia. Majority of patients had secondary level of education represented by 275 (72.3%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia amongst antenatal clinic attendees at Ogoni was 84.0%. The role of pre-pregnancy care amongst women desirous of pregnancy, familly planning and the role of education cannot be over emphasized in the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy.
Clinical Presentation of Parkinson’s Disease: Experience of using Movement Disorder Society Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Huq Muhammad Rezeul , Hannan M. A. , Habib Md. Ahsan , Khan Ahad Mahmud 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. As no definite diagnostic tests are available, diagnosis is done mostly clinically. UK Brain Bank criteria is commonly used globally for that purpose. In this study we used Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Clinical Diagnostic Criteria to diagnose PD and document the clinical presentations.
Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Methodology: This study was carried out in the department of neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from May 2018 to April 2019. Total 42 patients (4 clinically established and 38 clinically probable PD) were enrolled as study population according to Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Clinical Diagnostic Criteria - 2015 for PD. Their patterns of clinical presentation were recorded.
Results: Among the PD patients, 31 were male and 11 were female. Mean age of all patients was 59.43 ± 11.34 years. The most common presenting feature was tremulous movement (90.5%) followed by slowness of movement (40.5%). Only 9% patients had early onset PD. All patients had history of positive response to dopaminergic therapy with documented resting tremor in 95.2%, and end-of-dose wearing off in 75.6%. Constipation was the commonest (69%) non motor symptom followed by sleep dysfunction (64.3%) & depression (50%). On examination- 100% patients had bradykinesia, 97.6% rest tremor, 95.2% rigidity, 21.4% mild dementia and 4.8% moderate dementia. Also 26.2% patients were found to have postural hypotension. 4 patients had red flag features- urinary retention was found in three patients and one patient suffered from recurrent early fall.
Conclusion: MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria help in accurate diagnosis of PD and include more clinical features which will help in formulating management plan.
Geometric and dosimetric accuracy of deformable image registration between average‐intensity images for 4DCT‐based adaptive radiotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: He Yulun , Cazoulat Guillaume , Wu Carol , Peterson Christine , McCulloch Molly , Anderson Brian , Pollard‐Larkin Julianne , Balter Peter , Liao Zhongxing , Mohan Radhe , Brock Kristy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeRe‐planning for four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)‐based lung adaptive radiotherapy commonly requires deformable dose mapping between the planning average‐intensity image (AVG) and the newly acquired AVG. However, such AVG‐AVG deformable image registration (DIR) lacks accuracy assessment. The current work quantified and compared geometric accuracies of AVG‐AVG DIR and corresponding phase‐phase DIRs, and subsequently investigated the clinical impact of such AVG‐AVG DIR on deformable dose mapping.Methods and MaterialsHybrid intensity‐based AVG‐AVG and phase‐phase DIRs were performed between the planning and mid‐treatment 4DCTs of 28 non‐small cell lung cancer patients. An automated landmark identification algorithm detected vessel bifurcation pairs in both lungs. Target registration error (TRE) of these landmark pairs was calculated for both DIR types. The correlation between TRE and respiratory‐induced landmark motion in the planning 4DCT was analyzed. Global and local dose metrics were used to assess the clinical implications of AVG‐AVG deformable dose mapping with both DIR types.ResultsTRE of AVG‐AVG and phase‐phase DIRs averaged 3.2 ± 1.0 and 2.6 ± 0.8 mm respectively (p < 0.001). Using AVG‐AVG DIR, TREs for landmarks with <10 mm motion averaged 2.9 ± 2.0 mm, compared to 3.1 ± 1.9 mm for the remaining landmarks (p < 0.01). Comparatively, no significant difference was demonstrated for phase‐phase DIRs. Dosimetrically, no significant difference in global dose metrics was observed between doses mapped with AVG‐AVG DIR and the phase‐phase DIR, but a positive linear relationship existed (p = 0.04) between the TRE of AVG‐AVG DIR and local dose difference.ConclusionsWhen the region of interest experiences <10 mm respiratory‐induced motion, AVG‐AVG DIR may provide sufficient geometric accuracy; conversely, extra attention is warranted, and phase‐phase DIR is recommended. Dosimetrically, the differences in geometric accuracy between AVG‐AVG and phase‐phase DIRs did not impact global lung‐based metrics. However, as more localized dose metrics are needed for toxicity assessment, phase‐phase DIR may be required as its lower mean TRE improved voxel‐based dosimetry.
Chiral Plasmonic Triangular Nanorings with SERS Activity for Ultrasensitive Detection of Amyloid Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wang Gaoyang , Hao Changlong , Ma Wei , Qu Aihua , Chen Chen , Xu Jun , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua , Xu Liguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChiral plasmonic nanomaterials have attracted unprecedented attention due to their broad applications in biomedicine, negative refractive index, and chiral sensing. Here, using a wet‐chemistry process, chiral triangular Au nanorings are fabricated with a platinum (Pt) framework (l/d‐Pt@Au triangular nanorings, named l/d‐Pt@Au TNRs). The l/d‐Pt@Au TNRs exhibit strong optical activity with a g‐factor of 0.023 and can be used effectively for the discrimination of enantiomers due to selective resonance coupling between the induced electric and magnetic dipoles associated with enantiomers and the chiral plasmonic TNRs, also known as the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering‐chiral anisotropy (SERS‐ChA) effect. The chiral d‐Pt@Au TNRs represent a label‐free SERS platform that can be applied to detect Aβ monomers and fibrils, the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), achieving a limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.045 × 10−12 m and 4 × 10−15 m for 42‐residue‐long amyloid‐β (Aβ42) monomer and fibrils, respectively. Furthermore, chiral d‐Pt@Au TNRs can also be successfully carried out to detect Aβ42 proteins in AD patients with ultrahigh levels of sensitivity, thus allowing picogram quantities of Aβ42 proteins to be identified. This research opens up an avenue for the use of chiral plasmonic nanomaterials as ultrasensitive SERS substrates to early diagnosis of protein‐misfolding diseases.
Accelerating Ion Dynamics Under Cryogenic Conditions by the Amorphization of Crystalline Cathodes
Authors: Zheng Yiwei , Qian Tao , Ji Haoqing , Xia Xinyao , Liu Jie , Zhu Yuanze , Yan Chenglin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe normal operation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) at ultralow temperature (<−40 °C) is significant for cold‐climate applications; however, their operation is plagued by the low capacity of the conventional intercalation cathodes due to their sluggish kinetics and the slow solid diffusion of Li+ in their frameworks. Here, it is demonstrated that amorphization is an effective strategy to promote the low‐temperature dynamics of cathodes by relieving the blocking effect of a dense lattice structure on ion transport under cryogenic conditions. As a result, due to the decreased charge transport impedance and enhanced Li+ diffusion rate, the obtained covalent amorphous polymer (CAP) with an abundance of pyrazine and carbonyl active sites displays a remarkably outstanding specific capacity of 141 mAh g−1 at −80 °C, which is superior to its structural analog, a covalent crystalline polymer (43.8 mAh g−1). Furthermore, 84.7% of the initial capacity of the CAP can be retained after 500 cycles of charge and discharge at −60 °C. Molecular dynamic simulations show that the channel‐rich amorphous structure is highly conducive for lithium ions to diffuse quickly in the interstitial space of organic solids. This work provides an effective strategy regarding the amorphization of crystalline cathodes to develop low‐temperature (Low‐T) batteries.
Electronic Doping and Enhancement of n‐Channel Polycrystalline OFET Performance through Gate Oxide Modifications with Aminosilanes
Authors: Shin Nara , Schellhammer Karl Sebastian , Lee Min Ho , Zessin Jakob , Hambsch Mike , Salleo Alberto , Ortmann Frank , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely employed in organic field‐effect transistors to modify the surface energy, surface roughness, film growth kinetics, and electrical surface potential of the gate oxide to control the device's operating voltage. In this study, amino‐functionalized SAM molecules are compared to pure alkylsilane SAMS in terms of their impact on the electrical properties of organic field‐effect transistors, using the n‐type polycrystalline small molecule semiconductor material N,N′‐dioctyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI‐C8). In order to understand the electronic impact of the amino groups, the effect of both the number of amino‐containing functional groups and the SAM molecular length are systematically studied. Though amino‐functionalized SAM materials have been studied previously, this study is, for the first time, able to shed light on the nature of the doping effect that occurs when the gate oxide is treated with polar aminosilane materials. By a comprehensive theoretical study of the interface on the molecular level, it is shown that the observed shift in the threshold voltage is caused by free charges, which are attracted to the PTCDI‐C8 and are stabilized there by protonated aminosilanes. This attraction and the voltage shift can be systematically tuned by varying the length of the neutral terminal chain of the aminosilane.
A Versatile Organic Salt Modified SnO2 Electron Transport Layer for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Peng Xian , Zhao Shuangshuang , Zhou Ruonan , Gong Xiaoli , Luo Huxin , Ouyang Yukun , Liu Xingchong , Li Haimin , Wang Hanyu , Zhuang Jia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterface engineering has been demonstrated to be effective in suppressing the defect‐related carrier recombination loss and optimizing the energy level between SnO2 electron transport layer and mixed‐cation perovskite to further improve the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a versatile organic salt, trigonelline hydrochloride (TH), is selected to modify the SnO2/perovskite interface. TH molecule plays a multifunctional role at the interface: (1) COOH and pyridine cation can passivate the interface defects by esterification and electrostatic interaction, respectively. (2) Cl− plays a vital part in the improvement of perovskite crystallization. (3) Dipole effect can move the energy level of SnO2 resulting in optimized band alignment to more efficient electron extraction. The effects of TH at the interface are revealed by density functional theory calculations, surface chemical analyses, and energy level investigations. As a consequence, the PSCs with TH‐modified SnO2 (SnO2‐TH) exhibit best power conversion efficiency of 21.23%, compared to 19.59% for the reference devices, which mainly results from an enhanced open‐circuit voltage (Voc) from 1.098 V to 1.145 V. Moreover, the humidity stability of the non‐encapsulated devices is also significantly improved after introducing TH to the interface.
Cover crop and early nitrogen management for common bean in a tropical no‐till system
Authors: Momesso Letusa , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Soratto Rogério Peres , Tanaka Katiuça Sueko , Costa Claudio Hideo Martins , Bastos Leonardo Mendes , Ciampitti Ignacio Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been grown under no‐till (NT), but nitrogen (N) management remains unclear when a previous cover crop is part of the farming system. In this study, we hypothesized that N applied to living cover crops, preceding the main grain crop of the rotation, can increase productivity and N‐use efficiency of the grain crop. Common bean was grown after palisade grass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster] and ruzigrass [Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ. and C.M. Evrard) Crins] cover crops combined with N management [application to living cover crops 35 days before common bean seeding (DBS), 1 DBS, conventional, and control (zero‐N application)] in four experiment‐years. Dry matter (DM) and N content for palisade grass was consistently greater at termination relative to ruzigrass. Nitrogen application 35 DBS increased cover crop DM, N content, and the decomposition rate relative to the other N treatments. Greater common bean yield occurred following palisade grass than ruzigrass, and N application 35 DBS increased common bean yield compared to 1 DBS and conventional in one out of four experiment‐years. Only minor differences in the agronomic efficiency (AE) of applied N to cover crops were detected between 35 DBS and 1 DBS, and only for one experiment‐year, when palisade grass resulted in greater AE than ruzigrass. Applying N early to living crops such as palisade grass is an alternative N management strategy to the traditional approach for N fertilization in common bean.
Maternal genetic origin of the late and final Neolithic human populations from present‐day Poland
Authors: Juras Anna , Ehler Edvard , Chyleński Maciej , Pospieszny Łukasz , Spinek Anna Elżbieta , Malmström Helena , Krzewińska Maja , Szostek Krzysztof , Pasterkiewicz Wojciech , Florek Marek , Wilk Stanisław , Mnich Barbara , Kruk Janusz , Szmyt Marzena , Kozieł Sławomir , Götherström Anders , Jakobsson Mattias , Dabert Miroslawa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to identify maternal genetic affinities between the Middle to Final Neolithic (3850–2300 BC) populations from present‐day Poland and possible genetic influences from the Pontic steppe.Materials and methodsWe conducted ancient DNA studies from populations associated with Złota, Globular Amphora, Funnel Beaker, and Corded Ware cultures (CWC). We sequenced genomic libraries on Illumina platform to generate 86 complete ancient mitochondrial genomes. Some of the samples were enriched for mitochondrial DNA using hybridization capture.ResultsThe maternal genetic composition found in Złota‐associated individuals resembled that found in people associated with the Globular Amphora culture which indicates that both groups likely originated from the same maternal genetic background. Further, these two groups were closely related to the Funnel Beaker culture‐associated population. None of these groups shared a close affinity to CWC‐associated people. Haplogroup U4 was present only in the CWC group and absent in Złota group, Globular Amphora, and Funnel Beaker cultures.DiscussionThe prevalence of mitochondrial haplogroups of Neolithic farmer origin identified in Early, Middle and Late Neolithic populations suggests a genetic continuity of these maternal lineages in the studied area. Although overlapping in time – and to some extent – in cultural expressions, none of the studied groups (Złota, Globular Amphora, Funnel Beaker), shared a close genetic affinity to CWC‐associated people, indicating a larger extent of cultural influence from the Pontic steppe than genetic exchange. The higher frequency of haplogroup U5b found in populations associated with Funnel Beaker, Globular Amphora, and Złota cultures suggest a gradual maternal genetic influx from Mesolithic hunter‐gatherers. Moreover, presence of haplogroup U4 in Corded Ware groups is most likely associated with the migrations from the Pontic steppe at the end of the Neolithic and supports the observed genetic distances.
Insomnia symptom severity and cognitive performance: Moderating role of APOE genotype
Authors: Baril Andrée‐Ann , Beiser Alexa S. , Sanchez Erlan , Mysliwiec Vincent , Redline Susan , Gottlieb Daniel J. , O'Connor George T. , Gonzales Mitzi M. , Himali Dibya , Seshadri Sudha , Himali Jayandra J. , Pase Matthew P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated whether insomnia symptom severity was associated with cognitive function, and whether this relationship was modified by biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease risk.MethodsWe examined insomnia symptoms and neuropsychological performance 3.4 years later in 511 dementia‐free Framingham Heart Study participants (62.65 ± 8.7 years, 50.9% male). Additionally, we explored insomnia symptoms combined with self‐reported short habitual sleep duration and effect modification by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status.ResultsMore severe insomnia symptoms were associated with lower performance on global cognition, and immediate and delayed Logical Memory recall, especially when insomnia symptoms were combined with short sleep duration. The association between insomnia symptoms and poorer memory recall was more pronounced in APOE ε4 allele carriers.DiscussionInsomnia symptom severity was associated with worse subsequent global cognitive and memory performance, which was especially apparent in APOE ε4 allele carriers, suggesting that poor sleep might be particularly detrimental when the brain is already vulnerable to neurodegeneration.