bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of fermentation with Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 on the nutritional characteristics and antioxidant activity of Lentinus edodes liquid
Authors: Zhang Meina , Wang Xingnan , Wang Xiaowei , Han Mengzhen , Li Hongcai , Yue Tianli , Wang Zhouli , Gao Zhenpeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFew studies to date have evaluated the use of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in edible fungus fermentation. To obtain a fermented Lentinus edodes liquid product with good taste and effects, a strain with good fermentation performance from nine strains tested was selected, and the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of the resulting product were evaluated.RESULTSLactobacillus fermentum 21828 exhibited adhesion, tolerance to low pH and bile salts, and good fermentation performance. The number of viable bacteria was 1.05 × 108 CFU mL−1, and the extraction rate of crude polysaccharide from L. edodes was 2.79% after fermentation. The effects of fermentation on the contents and composition of nutrients in L. edodes liquid were marked, with changes in total soluble protein, total soluble sugar, total acid, and total phenol levels. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging rate in the fermentation liquid was 93.01%, which was significantly higher than that in non‐fermented liquid (80.33%). Furthermore, analysis of volatile and 5′‐nucleotide contents showed that fermentation altered the flavor of the product, whereas sensory evaluation showed that the fermented product was preferred.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated that the fermented L. edodes liquid exhibited better nutritional and functional properties, as well as sensory characteristics, compared with unfermented liquid. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Speckle Tracking Analysis to Evaluate the Size, Shape, and Function of the Atrial Chambers in Normal Fetuses at 20–40 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Klas Berthold , Satou Gary , Sklansky Mark 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to use speckle tracking analysis to evaluate the size, shape, and function of the atrial chambers in normal fetuses and develop a z‐score calculator that can be used in future studies in fetuses at risk for cardiovascular disease.MethodsThe control group consisted of 200 normal fetuses examined between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation in which speckle tracking analysis of right (RA) and left (LA) atrial chambers was performed. The atrial end‐diastolic and end‐systolic endocardial borders for each chamber were identified from which measurements of atrial length, width, area, and volume were computed. Equations were derived using fractional polynomial regression analysis to compute z‐score equations.ResultsThe LA end‐diastolic volume, RA and LA end‐diastolic area, length, base width, and mid‐chamber widths increased with gestational age and fetal size. Left atrial emptying and ejection volumes increased with gestational age and fetal size. The fractional area change was significantly less for the RA than the LA. The LA base and mid‐chamber fractional shortening were significantly greater than the RA. There was a significant difference between the RA and LA global contractile strain.ConclusionMean and standard deviation equations for each of the measurements described in this study were computed to create a z‐score calculator that can be utilized in the clinical environment when evaluating fetuses with suspected atrial pathology that could alter the size, shape, and function of the atrial chambers.
How sampling high‐ and low‐quality products affects enjoyment
Authors: Stuppy Anika , Van Den Bergh Bram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConsumers can build expertise by sampling products that are differentiated vertically, in terms of quality, or horizontally, in terms of taste. While the effects of horizontal sampling are well understood, the effects of vertical sampling are understudied. Four experiments (total N = 1080; one preregistered; with US American, British, and Dutch participants) elucidate how vertical sampling (i.e., experiencing products of varying quality) affects enjoyment. We find that vertical sampling strengthens the association between product quality and enjoyment. Gaining experience can thus involve hedonic benefits (i.e., greater enjoyment of high‐quality products) but, perhaps more importantly, also hedonic costs (i.e., lower enjoyment of low‐quality products). Our studies provide evidence for a similarity‐testing account. Effects on enjoyment occur if consumers sampled products of similar (vs. dissimilar) quality as the target. Customer expertise may therefore need to be conceptualized in terms of whether consumers' sampling history covers many (vs. few) different product quality levels. Customer expertise depends less on the overall number of sampled products.
COVID‐19 vaccines and anti‐consumption: Understanding anti‐vaxxers hesitancy
Authors: Chaney Damien , Lee Michael SW 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnti‐vaccination sentiment and vaccine hesitancy are on the rise. This is unfortunate given the world's coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic response plan relies on a global vaccination program the likes of which has never been attempted. Using an anti‐consumption lens, this study utilizes a qualitative approach and 53 interviews revolving around people's attitudes towards the COVID‐19 vaccination plan. The findings reveal that COVID‐19 vaccination hesitancy comes from two major factors: stable factors and contextual factors. Stable factors refer to factors that are consistently found in anti‐vaccination movements and include political and philosophical opposition. Contextual factors refer to factors that are highly dependent on the COVID‐19 situation and relates to a negative benefit to risk ratio informed by information overload and the influence of marketing phenomena such as branding and country of origin effects. Finally, theoretical and managerial contributions are offered for public policymakers and social marketers.
Deep multi‐instance transfer learning for pneumothorax classification in chest X‐ray images
Authors: Tian Yuchi , Wang Jiawei , Yang Wenjie , Wang Jun , Qian Dahong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposePneumothorax is a life‐threatening emergency that requires immediate treatment. Frontal‐view chest X‐ray images are typically used for pneumothorax detection in clinical practice. However, manual review of radiographs is time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and highly dependent on the experience of radiologists, which may lead to misdiagnosis. Here, we aim to develop a reliable automatic classification method to assist radiologists in rapidly and accurately diagnosing pneumothorax in frontal chest radiographs.MethodsA novel residual neural network (ResNet)‐based two‐stage deep‐learning strategy is proposed for pneumothorax identification: local feature learning (LFL) followed by global multi‐instance learning (GMIL). Most of the nonlesion regions in the images are removed for learning discriminative features. Two datasets are used for large‐scale validation: a private dataset (27 955 frontal‐view chest X‐ray images) and a public dataset (the National Institutes of Health [NIH] ChestX‐ray14; 112 120 frontal‐view X‐ray images). The model performance of the identification was evaluated using the accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1‐score, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and area under ROC curve (AUC). Fivefold cross‐validation is conducted on the datasets, and then the mean and standard deviation of the above‐mentioned metrics are calculated to assess the overall performance of the model.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning strategy can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance on the NIH dataset with an accuracy, AUC, precision, recall, specificity, and F1‐score of 94.4% ± 0.7%, 97.3% ± 0.5%, 94.2% ± 0.3%, 94.6% ± 1.5%, 94.2% ± 0.4%, and 94.4% ± 0.7%, respectively.ConclusionsThe experimental results demonstrate that our proposed CAD system is an efficient assistive tool in the identification of pneumothorax.
Kinetic Modeling of Ring Opening Polymerization of Lactones under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: López‐Domínguez Porfirio , Carranco‐Hernández Nathalie Michelle , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA kinetic study on the mathematical modeling of polymerization rate and molar mass development in the ring opening bulk polymerization (ROP) of lactones under microwave irradiation (MI), for the production of biodegradable green polymers used in the biomedical sector, is presented. Two modeling approaches, one based on calculation of average properties using a self‐developed code based on the method of moments, and the other one providing calculation of full molar mass distributions with the aid of the Predici software are contrasted. The observed enhancement on polymerization rate under MI is captured well by using a non‐thermal microwave effect modeling approach, namely, a microwave‐enhanced propagation model. The proposed approach is validated with available experimental data for ROP of ε‐caprolactone, a monomer which can be obtained from biomasses, using benzyl alcohol (BzOH) and stannous octoate (SnOc)2 as initiator and catalyst, respectively, at 150 °C. Seven case studies are analyzed, including ROPs carried out under both conventional heating (CH) and MI. The effect of initiator and alcohol initial concentrations on polymerization rate and molar mass distributions is analyzed. The advantages of using MI in ROP are assessed.
A semi‐analytical solution for displacement‐controlled elliptical cavity expansion in undrained MCC soil
Authors: Zhou Hang , Liu Hanlong , Wang Zengliang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional cavity expansion theory is a one‐dimensional problem and is not applicable for the two‐dimensional cavity expansion issue, which is also required for geotechnical problems. This paper proposes a novel semi‐analytical solution for displacement‐controlled elliptical cavity expansion (DC‐ECE) in undrained soil. The displacement and strain fields for DC‐ECE are obtained from the strain path method (SPM) with the aid of conformal mapping theory. The effective stress can be subsequently obtained by the incremental stress‐strain calculation using a suitable constitutive model such as the MCC model. Then, the computed effective stress results are substituted into the stress equilibrium equation to give the pore pressure solution. The new semi‐analytical solution reveals the non‐axisymmetric characteristics of DC‐ECE and allows the elastic‐plastic (EP) boundary, excess pore pressure, stress, and displacement to be calculated. The proposed method provides a solution to non‐axisymmetric cavity expansion issues and it can be applied to geotechnical engineering problems, including vertical drain installation, flat dilatometer tests and noncylindrical pile penetration in clay.
Fe(II)ion‐imprinted copolymer gels − smart materials for Fe(II)/Fe(III) speciation in surface waters
Authors: Dakova Ivanka , Mitreva Mariya , Karadjova Irina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe effect of template species – Fe(II) complexes with 4‐(2‐pyridylazo)resorcinol or 2,2′‐bipyridine as well as the functional monomers: acidic (methacrylic acid) and neutral (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on the extraction efficiency and applicability of Fe(II) ion‐imprinted polymers for iron speciation in surface waters is presented in this study. The polymers were synthesized by precipitation copolymerization of functional monomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (crosslinking agent) and 2,2′‐azo‐bis‐isobutyronitrile (initiator) in the presence of template and characterized by elemental microanalysis, SEM and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. Extraction efficiency was examined by batch solid‐phase extraction. The equilibrium experimental data of adsorption processes with different synthesized sorbents were fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and are discussed from the viewpoint of possible bond formation between monomer and template species and the stability of the prepolymerization complex. Pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models were tested to elucidate the possible controlling mechanism of the sorption process for different sorbents. Under the optimum conditions pH 7 and equilibrium time of 30 min the highest extraction efficiency and selectivity toward Fe(II) was achieved for Fe(II) ion‐imprinted polymer containing methacrylic acid and Fe(II)–4‐(2‐pyridylazo)resorcinol complex as a template. The analytical procedure for Fe speciation was developed and validated with this sorbent. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Novel corrosive behavior of titanium oxynitride film deposited on nickel–titanium alloy using cathodic cage plasma processing technique
Authors: Yousaf Muhammad , Iqbal Tahir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we used a cathodic cage plasma system to deposit an oxynitride coating on a nickel–titanium metallic substrate for three different processing gas compositions (60%H2 + 40%N2; NT1, 50%H2 + 50%N2; NT2%, and 40%H2 + 60%N2; NT3). The influence of various gas mixtures on surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystal structure of treated samples (NT1, NT2, and NT3) was investigated. A spectrophotometer is used to determine the amount of nickel ion leaching in a chloride‐containing saline electrolyte using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy depict the enhanced corrosion resistance of treated samples as compared to the base Ni–Ti sample. Titanium oxynitride coating in NT3 samples shows an excellent barrier against corrosion behavior and nickel ion leakage in a corrosive environment.
Pediatric tracheostomy tube decannulation with or without polysomnography: A PRO‐CON debate
Authors: Xiao Lena , Kaspy Kimberley , Zielinski David , Amin Reshma 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDetermining the timing for decannulation in children with a tracheostomy is a complex process, as the appropriate timing varies based on the initial indication for the tracheostomy tube as well as individual patient characteristics. The original condition for which a tracheostomy was created may improve over time with decannulation being a very important long‐term goal for many families and multidisciplinary teams. However, decannulation is an inherently risky procedure associated with morbidity and mortality. Therefore, careful planning is required to ensure the safety of the procedure. Although routine airway endoscopy is an important component of decannulation protocols, guidelines are less prescriptive regarding the definition of a complete endoscopic airway evaluation and the routine use of polysomnography. This review will summarize the important PRO and CON arguments of integrating polysomnography into pediatric decannulation protocols.
Crystal structure of semisynthetic obelin‐v
Authors: Larionova Marina D. , Wu Lijie , Eremeeva Elena V. , Natashin Pavel V. , Gulnov Dmitry V. , Nemtseva Elena V. , Liu Dongsheng , Liu Zhi‐Jie , Vysotski Eugene S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCoelenterazine‐v (CTZ‐v), a synthetic derivative with an additional benzyl ring, yields a bright bioluminescence of Renilla luciferase and its “yellow” mutant with a significant shift in the emission spectrum toward longer wavelengths, which makes it the substrate of choice for deep tissue imaging. Although Ca2+‐regulated photoproteins activated with CTZ‐v also display red‐shifted light emission, in contrast to Renilla luciferase their bioluminescence activities are very low, which makes photoproteins activated by CTZ‐v unusable for calcium imaging. Here, we report the crystal structure of Ca2+‐regulated photoprotein obelin with 2‐hydroperoxycoelenterazine‐v (obelin‐v) at 1.80 Å resolution. The structures of obelin‐v and obelin bound with native CTZ revealed almost no difference; only the minor rearrangement in hydrogen‐bond pattern and slightly increased distances between key active site residues and some atoms of 2‐hydroperoxycoelenterazine‐v were found. The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦFL) of obelin bound with coelenteramide‐v (0.24) turned out to be even higher than that of obelin with native coelenteramide (0.19). Since both obelins are in effect the enzyme‐substrate complexes containing the 2‐hydroperoxy adduct of CTZ‐v or CTZ, we reasonably assume the chemical reaction mechanisms and the yields of the reaction products (ΦR) to be similar for both obelins. Based on these findings we suggest that low bioluminescence activity of obelin‐v is caused by the low efficiency of generating an electronic excited state (ΦS). In turn, the low ΦS value as compared to that of native CTZ might be the result of small changes in the substrate microenvironment in the obelin‐v active site.
Defining and unpacking the core concepts of pharmacology education
Authors: Santiago Marina , Davis Elizabeth A. , Hinton Tina , Angelo Thomas A. , Shield Alison , Babey Anna‐Marie , Kemp‐Harper Barbara , Maynard Gregg , Al‐Sallami Hesham S. , Musgrave Ian F. , Fernandes Lynette B. , Ngo Suong N. T. , Christopoulos Arthur , White Paul J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPharmacology education currently lacks a research‐based consensus on which core concepts all graduates should know and understand, as well as a valid and reliable means to assess core conceptual learning. The Core Concepts in Pharmacology Expert Group (CC‐PEG) from Australia and New Zealand recently identified a set of core concepts of pharmacology education as a first step toward developing a concept inventory—a valid and reliable tool to assess learner attainment of concepts. In the current study, CC‐PEG used established methodologies to define each concept and then unpack its key components. Expert working groups of three to seven educators were formed to unpack concepts within specific conceptual groupings: what the body does to the drug (pharmacokinetics); what the drug does to the body (pharmacodynamics); and system integration and modification of drug–response. First, a one‐sentence definition was developed for each core concept. Next, sub‐concepts were established for each core concept. These twenty core concepts, along with their respective definitions and sub‐concepts, can provide pharmacology educators with a resource to guide the development of new curricula and the evaluation of existing curricula. The unpacking and articulation of these core concepts will also inform the development of a pharmacology concept inventory. We anticipate that these resources will advance further collaboration across the international pharmacology education community to improve curricula, teaching, assessment, and learning.
Polyphenols: Potential anti‐inflammatory agents for treatment of metabolic disorders
Authors: Zamani‐Garmsiri Fahimeh , Emamgholipour Solaleh , Rahmani Fard Soheil , Ghasempour Ghasem , Jahangard Ahvazi Roya , Meshkani Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmple evidence highlights the potential benefits of polyphenols in health status especially in obesity‐related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Mechanistically, due to the key role of “Metainflammation” in the pathomechanism of metabolic disorders, recently much focus has been placed on the properties of polyphenols in obesity‐related morbidities. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of polyphenols, including genistein, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, and silymarin in inflammatory responses pertinent to metabolic disorders and discusses the implications of this evidence for future directions. This review provides evidence that the aforementioned polyphenols benefit health status in metabolic disorders via direct and indirect regulation of a variety of target proteins involved in inflammatory signaling pathways. However, due to limitations of the in vitro and in vivo studies and also the lack of long‐term human clinical trials studies, further high‐quality investigations are required to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the polyphenols for the prevention and management of metabolic disorders.
Role of herbal medicine for prevention and treatment of migraine
Authors: Chen Yulong , Wang Shengpeng , Wang Yitao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMigraine is a disabling neurovascular disease with unilateral or bilateral pulsatile headache, which intensively affects human health and quality of life due to high morbidity worldwide. Migraine is commonly accompanied by abnormal pain sensitization, neuroinflammatory response, and vasomotor dysfunction. Owing to the management dilemmas of migraine, there is an urgent need to develop effective and low‐cost therapies. In recent years, herbal medicines as a promising strategy with analgesic activity and minor side effect, have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of migraine. Considering the lack of a review integrating experimental studies regarding the herbal treatment of migraine, this review systematically summarizes the important potential applications of herbal medicines in ameliorating migraine via multiple therapeutic targets and pathways, as well as provides a reference for further development of novel antimigraine drugs.
A modified GnRH antagonist method in combination with letrozole, cabergoline, and GnRH antagonist for PCOS: Safe and effective ovarian stimulation to treat PCOS and prevent OHSS
Authors: Yanagihara Yasuho , Tanaka Atsushi , Nagayoshi Motoi , Tanaka Izumi , Shinohara Rina , Fukushima Fumihisa , Tanaka Akihiro , Ohno Motoharu , Yamaguchi Takashi , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the therapeutic efficacy of a modified controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that does not cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) while maintaining oocyte quality.MethodThis study is a retrospective cohort study of reproductive medicine at St. Mother Clinic. We analyzed ART clinical outcomes, embryonic development, and hormone levels in 175 PCOS patients treated with four COS (GnRH agonist based long protocol, Group A; GnRH antagonist protocol with HCG trigger, Group B; GnRH antagonist protocol with GnRH agonist trigger, Group C, and the modified COS group) between 2010 and 2021.ResultsOf 175 patients with PCOS, 45 and 130 patients underwent 47 and 136 oocyte retrieval cycles, 75 and 250 embryo transfer cycles with the modified COS, and with conventional methods, respectively. The cumulative pregnancy rate at one trial was a significantly higher result than in Group A and higher than in Groups B and C (cumulative pregnancy rate at one trial of Group A, B, C, and modified COS: 40.0%, 54.5%, 56.3%, and 72.3%, respectively). With this method, not clinically problematic OHSS and higher clinical outcomes than in conventional methods were observed.ConclusionThis modified COS can significantly improve clinical outcomes and eliminate OHSS.
Adaptive neural output‐feedback tracking control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraint and unknown control coefficients
Authors: Shen Fei , Wang Xinjun , Yin Xinghui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article addresses adaptive neural output‐feedback tracking control problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraint and unknown control coefficients. A state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable system states. Nussbaum gain technique is employed to deal with the problem of unknown control coefficients. Simultaneously, aiming at the output constraint requirements of stochastic systems, the tan‐type barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) structure is proposed. The constraint requirement on the system output trace error is not violated during the operation in the sense of probability. An adaptive output‐feedback controller is designed to ensure that the output tracking error converges to a small region of the origin. The control scheme ensures that all signals in the closed‐loop systems are semi‐global uniformly ultimately bounded. Results of simulation are presented to prove the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.