bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of pandemic on development and demography in different continents and nations
Authors: Singh Pawan Kumar , Pandey Alok Kumar , Kiran Ravi , Bhatt Rajiv Kumar , Chouhan Anushka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study has collected information of 145 countries to predict the effect of cases per million (CPM), tests per million (TPM), and proportion of people aged 65 and above (PAO) on the number of deaths per million DPM at the country and continent level. In addition, it evaluates the economic cost of tests, deaths, COVID‐19 cases in terms of reduction in GDP growth rate across the countries. This paper uses a different econometrics model, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), regression, and multinomial regression model. The robust regression model with M and MM‐estimation was also used due to leverage and residuals in country wise GDP database. A significant difference was found in deaths per million (DPM), TPM, number of COVID‐19 cases (CPM), and percentage of people aged 65 and above (PAO) across continents. The DPM is negatively associated with TPM, and it was relatively more effective in reducing DPM in Africa (0.32%) as compared to Asia (0.25%) and Europe (0.28). The results show that a 1% increase in the elderly population causes a 0.62% increase in DPM in Africa, while it caused a 2.31% increase in Europe. The study will be helpful in ascertaining the impact of these indicators in this pandemic and help in policy formation and decision‐making strategies to fight the COVID19 pandemic.
Rheopheresis for severe peripheral arterial disease in hemodialysis patients: A clinical series
Authors: Solignac Justine , Bataille Stanislas , Touzot Maxime , Bruner Flora , Bouchouareb Dammar , Brunet Philippe , Ridel Christophe , Robert Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRheopheresis is a double‐filtration plasmapheresis that removes high‐molecular‐weight molecules from the plasma and thereby lowers blood viscosity. This treatment has been proposed in hemodialysis (HD) patients for chronic limb‐threatening ischemia (CLTI), but very few studies have evaluated the usefulness of this technique.Principal ObjectiveTo assess 1‐year amputation‐free survival (AFS) of HD patients suffering from CLTI treated by rheopheresis.Material and MethodWe conducted a retrospective study of 28 consecutive HD patients treated by rheopheresis in three French dialysis centers between 1 February 2017 and 30 April 2019 in two indications resulting from CLTI, namely chronic ulceration or recent minor amputation with delayed healing.ResultsOne‐year AFS rate reached 53.6 (−19.8; +16.3)%. One‐year overall survival rate reached 67.9 (−20.5; +13.1)%. Main causes of death were infections and related to palliative care implying reduction or withdrawal of regular dialysis treatment. Hypotension episodes were the main rheopheresis adverse events with a prevalence rate of 13.5%. Rheopheresis sessions significantly reduced fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein, α2‐macroglobulin, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, IgM, and estimated plasma viscosity (P < .0001).ConclusionRheopheresis may improve clinical outcomes of CLTI in HD patients. The assessment of rheopheresis effectiveness needs to be confirmed by a multicenter randomized controlled trial, such as the ongoing project in France (RHEO‐PAD, NCT: 03975946).
Association between serum inflammatory parameters and the disease severity in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Mardani Rajab , namavar Mehrnoush , ghorbi Elham , Shoja Zabihollah , Zali Fatemeh , Kaghazian Hooman , Aghasadeghi Mohammad Reza , Sadeghi Seyed Amir , Sabeti Shahram , Darazam Ilad Alavi , Ahmadi Nayebali , Mousavi‐Nasab Seyed Dawood 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveMost patients infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), as the causative agent of COVID‐19 disease, show mild symptoms, but some of them develop severe illness. The purpose of this study was to analyze the blood markers of COVID‐19 patients and to investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and the disease severity.MethodsIn this prospective cross‐sectional study, 50 patients with COVID‐19 and 20 patients without COVID‐19 were enrolled. According to ICU admission criteria, patients were divided into two groups of non‐severe and severe. Differences in the serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), IL‐6, and TNF‐α, as well as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lymphocytes (LYM) count, and neutrophils (NEU) count between the two groups were determined and analyzed.ResultsOut of the 50 patients with COVID‐19, 14 were diagnosed as severe cases. There was no significant difference between the two groups of COVID‐19 patients in terms of gender and age. Blood tests of COVID‐19 patients showed a significant decrease and increase in NEU and LYM counts, respectively. There were significant differences in the serum levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and CRP between the severe and non‐severe groups, which were higher in the severe group.Also, there was a significant correlation between the disease severity and CRP with ESR (r = 0.79), CRP with IL‐6 (r = 0.74), LYM with NEU (r = −0.97), and ESR with TNF‐α (r = 0.7).ConclusionThe findings of this study, as the first study in Iran, suggest that the levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, ESR, and CRP could be used to predict the severity of COVID‐19 disease.
Application of silver ionic liquid in the separation of olefin and alkane
Authors: Wu Xiaojia , Li Xinyu , Xu Lei , He Wei , Zhou Zhiyong , Liu Wei , Zhang Fan , Ren Zhongqi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe separation of olefins and alkanes remains one of the most challenging industrial processes due to their similar structure and boiling points. Traditional industrial methods are limited as a consequence of high equipment cost and energy consumption. Ionic liquids (ILs) for olefin separation systems have been developed in recent years. This study aimed to synthesize silver (Ag+) IL and apply it in both extraction and membrane processes to enhance the separation performance.RESULTSQuantum chemical calculation results show that the interaction energy between the IL and cyclohexene is much larger than the values for interactions between the IL and alkanes. The highest selectivities for cyclohexene in the extraction process were 33.4 and 51.9 in the presence of cyclohexane and hexane, respectively. The gel membrane was prepared by casting a mixture of 12HSA and Ag+ IL solution onto the PVDF membrane. In vapor permeation, high separation performance was obtained together with a stable membrane phase when the 12HSA content was 1.50% and the operating temperature was 45 °C. With the increase of the mole fraction of cyclohexene, the permeation flux gradually increased and the separation factor was maintained at >9.CONCLUSIONReversible π‐complex formation between Ag+ ions and cyclohexene can effectively enhance the separation performance in both extraction and membrane process. This study presents a promising alternative to conventional technology for olefin and alkane separations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
What is the true place of the SARS‐CoV‐2 rapid point‐of‐care antigen test in the hospital setting? Lessons learned from real life
Authors: Roger Steven , Lefeuvre Caroline , Pivert Adeline , Ducancelle Alexandra , Savary Dominique , Bouthry Élise , Le Guillou‐Guillemette Hélène 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo assist in the clinical management of patients and to support infection control, we tested the use of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) point‐of‐care antigen test (AgPOC) for unplanned hospitalization, coupled with a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) using specimens collected at the same time upon arrival. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the AgPOC in this specific use compared to NAAT for SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, in the context of the low prevalence of infection. For 5 months (between two peaks in France of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic), all patients admitted who undertook the AgPOC/NAAT paired tests were included in the study. AgPOC performances were determined considering the clinical status and the delay of symptoms onset. NAAT and AgPOC results were available for 4425 subjects. AgPOC results showed a homogeneous specificity (>97%) but a low sensitivity at 45.8%. Considering the national guidelines, sensitivity dropped to 32.5% in cases of symptomatic patients with symptoms older than 5 days or more. This study shows the poor performance of AgPOC for entry screening of patients in hospitals. AgPOC may represent a useful tool in the hospital setting only if the use is restricted to patients with consistent symptoms less than 4 days old.
Stock Composition of the Historical New York Bight Atlantic Sturgeon Fishery Revealed through Microsatellite Analysis of Archived Spines
Authors: White Shannon L. , Johnson Robin , Lubinski Barbara A. , Eackles Michael S. , Secor David H. , Kazyak David C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A targeted commercial fishery for Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus once operated in the New York Bight, where it was assumed that most harvested Atlantic Sturgeon were natal to the Hudson River population. However, more recent evidence suggests that the fishery may have been targeting a mixed-stock aggregation, in which case harvested Atlantic Sturgeon could have been comprised of individuals from multiple populations throughout the species’ range. Although there is now a moratorium on Atlantic Sturgeon harvest in the New York Bight, modern molecular approaches provide an opportunity to use archived tissues to perform a retrospective mixed-stock analysis on the fishery. Genomic DNA extracted from archived fin spines from 80 Atlantic Sturgeon collected nearly 30 years ago suggests that the fishery primarily harvested individuals from the Hudson River population. However, based on individual-based assignment tests, our results indicate that the fishery also harvested individuals from at least eight other populations located throughout the species’ range. This study highlights how archival hard parts that were previously used for age and growth analyses can be employed for retrospective genetic analyses. Further, because the New York Bight harbors relatively high concentrations of Atlantic Sturgeon, the study shows how localized management decisions can influence Atlantic Sturgeon conservation at rangewide scales. When integrated with more recent knowledge of species ecology, these analyses can be used to evaluate the efficacy of previous management strategies and understand the effects of historical processes on contemporary demography.
Local knowledge and relational values of Midwestern woody perennial polyculture farmers can inform tree‐crop policies
Authors: Kreitzman Maayan , Chapman Mollie , Keeley Keefe O. , Chan Kai M. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Agricultural producers, academics and policy‐makers are increasingly interested in multifunctional tree crop systems as a solution for maintaining ecosystem services and producing food. The US Midwest is emerging as a hotbed of such systems in the temperate North in the form of farm‐scale woody perennial polyculture enterprises, but they are currently only a tiny fraction of the landscape. Understanding how such approaches might be scaled up, thus, requires learning from the farmers that are at the forefront of the transition of land to woody perennial polyculture to answer a range of questions: What unique management knowledge is being implemented by farmers to manage complexity on multiple scales? What key challenges have farmers faced? And what values and motivations underpin these fledgling efforts?

From 13 interviews with 18 midwestern perennial polyculture farmers, we found that they largely used a small portion of their farm's land for their perennial enterprises, and did not earn a large portion of their income from them, though this was projected to increase as trees matured. Through experimentation, innovation and farmer networks, the farmers had amassed unique adaptive management expertise for balancing diverse crops and livestock within multifunctional tree crop systems over time and space, an area largely absent from mainstream agricultural science and policy. The barriers these farmers report facing are largely economic rather than biophysical, involving access to capital, insurance, mid‐sized markets and regional processing infrastructure, as well as government programmes mismatched with perenniality.

Cross‐cutting these topics, farmers sought to fulfil values anchored in their relationships to land, to the community or to both. The values of long‐termism, learning and sharing, diversity, stewardship and care of farmland, connection to nature and wildlife, self‐sustenance, other‐sustenance and eudaimonia were embodied and expressed in farmer decisions from the practical to the personal.

Economic and agrarian policy, as well as programme development for multifunctional tree crop systems, should (a) be designed to align with farmer's values and motivations and (b) take advantage of their expert management and systems knowledge to drive appropriate and successful transitions to sustainable environments and livelihoods.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Credit enhancement mechanism in loan securitization and its implication to systemic risk
Authors: Ivanov Katerina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing US BHC data for the period from 2004 to 2016, this paper examines the relationship between different forms of credit enhancement and bank contribution to systemic crashes. The findings demonstrate that the overall level of contractual retained interests and guarantees offered to own securitization structures poses a significant threat to financial system stability, although this varies for different types of the underlying assets as well as subordinated structure of interest retention. The amount of credit exposure arising from credit enhancements increases BHCs’ contribution to market crashes, while ownership interest in loans and obligations to provide funding do not seem to affect the level of risk BHCs inject into the system. Recourse credit enhancement in mortgage and consumer securitizations is a significant determinant of systemic risks injected by banks into the market with the former one having the strongest economic impact. The implicit credit enhancement in commercial loans tends to decrease systemic risk contribution. The results are not driven by the level of securitization activities, although the economic effect is stronger for large securitizers. The findings have direct implications for the most recent changes in legislation requiring originating banks to retain a material portion of credit risks of securitized loans through retained interests mechanisms.
2‐Pyridyl‐Benzimidazole‐Pd (II) Complex Supported on Magnetic SBA‐15: An Efficient and Magnetically Retrievable Catalyst for the Heck Reaction
Authors: Sajedi Mohammad , Mansoori Yagoub , Nuri Ayat , Esquivel Dolores , Angeles Navarro M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract2‐(2’‐Pyridyl)benzimidazole (PyBzIm) was grafted onto magnetic mesoporous silica particles (Fe3O4@SBA) via a simple click reaction, and then further reacted with Na2PdCl4 in methanol. The catalyst, Fe3O4@SBA−PyBzIm−Pd(II), was characterized with FT‐IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area measurement (SBET), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed some C=N nitrogen atoms interact with palladium in the +2 oxidation state. The supported complex was found to catalyze the Heck cross coupling reaction of aryl halides and olefins. It also presents an excellent recycling efficiency over six consecutive runs without significant loss of catalyst reactivity.
Carbon‐Coated Magnetic Fly Ash Modified with Guanylthiourea and Polydopamine for Simultaneous Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) in Acidic Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhang Liang , Liu Wenwen , Zhang Yu , Mu Chaoqun , Zhong Lvling , Wang Yao , Zhang Xiaomin , Xue Juanqin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA magnetic adsorbent simultaneously adsorbing heavy metal ions in acidic solution was prepared by carbon‐deposited magnetic fly ash (C‐MFA), polydopamine (PDA) coating, and guanylthiourea grafting. The prepared guanylthiourea‐grafted PDA/carbon‐coated magnetic fly ash beads (GPC‐MFA) were characterized by SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, TG‐DSC, surface potential, and vibrating‐sample magnetometry. The results indicated that dopamine‐coated carbon‐deposited fly ash surface was successfully grafted with guanylthiourea. The maximum adsorption capacity fitted by Langmuir model for GPC‐MFA were 50.09 mg/g for Cu(II) and 30.64 mg/g for Pb(II) at 40 °C and pH 3.0, respectively. The pseudo‐second order kinetic model accurately fits the kinetic data of Cu(II) adsorption, hence the adsorption properties mainly involves chemical adsorption. Mechanistic studies show that GPC‐MFA contains uniform groups and has strong coordination with heavy metal ions. GPC‐MFA exhibited high recyclability. After 5 recycles of adsorption‐desorption, the adsorption capacity of GPC‐MFA for Cu(II) and Pb(II) still reached 88.72 % and 86.21 % compared with the fresh adsorbent.
The Syntheses, Characterization and Field Effect Transistor Performance of Thiazole‐Based Dicyanomethylene‐Endcapped Quinoidal Compounds
Authors: Ouyang Guangcheng , Feng Yan , Wang Jinlong , Wang Dewei , Li Hongxiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThiazole‐based dicyanomethylene‐endcapped quinoidal compounds, QBTzTT8, QBTzTT16 and QBTzTT24 with different length of alkyl chains, were designed and synthesized. These compounds exhibit a relative low LUMO energy level of −4.55 eV, and can spontaneously react with metals Ag and Cu to form charge transfer complexes which is evidenced by Raman spectra, Infrared spectra and color change. Thin film transistors of QBTzTT16 and QBTzTT24 are fabricated, and metals Ag, Cu and Au are used as source‐drain electrodes. The devices display typical n‐type transistor performance. The mobility of devices shows nearly non‐dependent on source‐drain electrodes, being attributed to the spontaneously formed ultrathin charge‐transfer complex layer at the semiconductor/Cu (Ag) electrode interface. The average electron mobilities of QBTzTT16 and QBTzTT24 are 4.7×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 6.8×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
Construction of a Supramolecular Fluorescence Sensor from Water‐soluble Pillar[5]arene and 1‐Naphthol for Recognition of Metal Ions
Authors: Zhu Xin Yi , Yang Xi Nan , Luo Yang , Redshaw Carl , Liu Ming , Tao Zhu , Xiao Xin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new fluorescent chemosensor comprised of a pyridine functionalized pillar[5]arene (PyP5) and 1‐naphthol has been designed and utilized for the recognition of metal cations. The 1‐naphthol was encapsulated by the PyP5 cavity and formed a 1 : 1 host ‐ guest inclusion complex. Whilst free 1‐naphthol is known to be strongly fluorescent, this strong fluorescence was quenched in the inclusion complex 1‐naphthol@PyP5. Using the 1‐naphthol@PyP5 inclusion complex as a fluorescent probe, various metal cations have been detected. The experimental results revealed that the probe responded to both Ag+ and Fe3+, via an obvious fluorescence quenching or an incomplete quenching of fluorescence, respectively. As a result, a fluorescence method for the detection of two metal cations using a single system has been developed.On the other hand, 1‐naphthol is an important intermediate of fine chemicals, which is widely used in the synthesis and production of dyes, spices, oils, medicines and pesticides.[50–52] The oxygen atom of 1‐naphthol is sp2 hybridized and can form extensive π bonds, and can exhibit strong fluorescence. The successful preparation of water‐soluble pillar[5]arene can provide new opportunities for chemists working in the field of host–guest chemistry and the recognition of metal ions. Therefore, more and more research has centered on the synthesis of water‐soluble pillar[5]arenes.[53–56] On this basis, we have synthesized a pyridine functionalized pillar[5]arene. Pyridine functionalized pillar[5]arenes are extremely soluble in water and strongly bind 1‐naphthol in water, which is mainly driven by hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The probe system is constructed by encapsulating one equivalent of 1‐naphthol, which possess strong intrinsic fluorescence, into the hydrophobic cavity of PyP5. To this inclusion complex, namely 1‐naphthol@PyP5, were added metal ions. The addition of Ag+ led to incomplete quenching of fluorescence, whilst Fe3+ led to complete quenching of fluorescence. Based on the linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Ag+ and Fe3+, a simple fluorescent probe method for the analysis of Ag+ and Fe3+ was constructed. The observed visual signals indicate the potential of this probe system in rapid assay applications.
CRISPR System‐Linked Self‐Assembling Nanoplatforms for Inspection and Screening of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Huang Shan , Song Yuexin , Liang Tingxizi , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) possess a high degree of plasticity, constituting a formidable challenge to identify and screen CSCs in situ with outstanding specificity and sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, a self‐assembled heterodimer consisting of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas12a (named A‐CCA) linkage is designed for in situ identification and screening of gastric CSCs (GCSCs) from gastric cancer cells (GCCs). In this system, the editable character of crRNA performs recognition of dual‐targets in GCSCs, effectively boosting the specificity of identification, while the enzymatic reaction of Cas12a contributes meaningfully to the sensitivity of sensing, enabling in situ examination and screening of GCSCs. Specifically, the A‐CCA nanoplatforms hybridized with ABCG 2 and ABCB 1 overexpress in GCSCs, which can generate heterodimers and simultaneously restore the function of trans‐cleavage. At this time, the asymmetry of the heterodimer causes a circular dichroism signal, which together with the recovered fluorescence signal form a dual‐signals output system that can further ensure the precision of screening GCSC. Therefore, fluorescence‐enhanced GCSCs can be sorted out from GCCs by flow cytometry. Furthermore, GCSCs screened by this assay possess extremely aggressive tumorigenic efficiency, providing a fundamental research object for further developing CSC targeted drugs in vivo.