bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial perspectives among cancer patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) crisis: An observational longitudinal study
Authors: Turgeman Ilit , Goshen‐Lago Tal , Waldhorn Ithai , Karov Keren , Groisman Leora , Reiner Benaim Anat , Almog Ronit , Halberthal Michael , Ben‐Aharon Irit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) crisis and consequent changes in medical practice have engendered feelings of distress in diverse populations, potentially adversely affecting the psychological well‐being of cancer patients.AimThe purpose of this observational longitudinal study was to evaluate psychosocial perspectives among patients with cancer on intravenous treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Methods and resultsThe study recruited 164 cancer patients undergoing intravenous anti‐neoplastic therapy in a tertiary cancer center. Psychosocial indices were assessed at two points in time, corresponding with the beginning of the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic in Israel (March 2020) and the time of easing of restrictions implemented to curtail spread of infection (May 2020). At Time 1 (T1), elevated COVID‐19 distress levels (score 1 and 2 on 5‐point scale) were observed in 44% of patients, and associated with pre‐existing hypertension and lung disease in multivariate analyses but no demographic or cancer related factors. At Time 2 (T2), 10% had elevated anxiety and 24% depression as indicated by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐A/D). COVID‐19 distress at T1 was related to higher levels of HADS‐A at T2 (Spearman 0.33 p < .01), but not HADS‐D. Patients with breast cancer expressed greater COVID‐19 distress compared with other cancer types (p < .01), while both HADS‐A and HADS‐D were highest for patients with GI cancer. Patient report of loneliness and decreased support from relatives were factors associated with HADS‐A (p = .03 and p < .01, respectively), while HADS‐D was not similarly related to the factors evaluated.ConclusionPatients with cancer undergoing intravenous treatment may be vulnerable to acute adverse psychological ramifications of COVID‐19, specifically exhibiting high levels of anxiety. These appear unrelated to patient age or disease stage. Those with underlying comorbidities, breast cancer or reduced social support may be at higher risk.
Adsorption‐Inhibition of Clathrate Hydrates by Self‐Assembled Nanostructures
Authors: Soussana Tamar Nicole , Weissman Haim , Rybtchinski Boris , Drori Ran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe mechanism by which safranine O (SFO), an ice growth inhibitor, halts the growth of single crystal tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrates was explored using microfluidics coupled with cold stages and fluorescence microscopy. THF hydrates grown in SFO solutions exhibited morphology changes and were shaped as truncated octahedrons or hexagons. Fluorescence microscopy and microfluidics demonstrated that SFO binds to the surface of THF hydrates on specific crystal planes. Cryo‐TEM experiments of aqueous solutions containing millimolar concentrations of SFO exhibited the formation of bilayered lamellae with an average thickness of 4.2±0.2 nm covering several μm2. Altogether, these results indicate that SFO forms supramolecular lamellae in solution, which might bind to the surface of the hydrate and inhibit further growth. As an ice and hydrate inhibitor, SFO may bind to the surface of these crystals via ordered water molecules near its amine and methyl groups, similar to some antifreeze proteins.
Apatinib weakens resistance of gastric cancer cells to paclitaxel by suppressing JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Bei Yanping , Chen Xue , Xu Quan , Lv Jiaming , Hu Jing , Yang Shaohui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractApatinib has experienced a long‐term study in enhancing the sensitivity of various cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. Currently, researches show that apatinib could attenuate the resistance of gastric cancer (GC) cells to paclitaxel (PTX), but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated, which therefore was explored in this study. PTX‐resistant GC cell, namely HGC‐27R, was established by exposure to stepwise‐increasing PTX. The cell viability of HGC‐27 and HGC‐27R under PTX or apatinib at different concentrations was assessed by CCK‐8 assay, while scratching test and invasion assay were used for investigating the harmful influence of GC cells resistance to PTX. The function of apatinib in HGC‐27R was studied by performing functional experiments (flow cytometry, scratching test, and invasion assay). Western blot was performed to measure the expressions of proteins concerning apoptosis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and janus‐activated kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. PTX‐resistant GC cell, namely HGC‐27R, was successively constructed. HGC‐27R cells showed resistance to PTX by promoting migratory and invasive capabilities. Apatinib not only inhibited cell viability of HGC‐27 and HGC‐27R, but also combined with PTX to suppress that of HGC‐27R. Apatinib enhanced apoptosis, diminished migration and invasion of HGC‐27R cells, elevated proapoptotic protein expression, and reduced Bcl‐2, vimentin, snail, MMP‐3, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 expressions. The phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was repressed by apatinib. JAK2 partially reversed the effect of apatinib on enhancing sensitivity of GC cells to PTX. Apatinib strengthened sensitivity of GC cells to PTX by inhibiting JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
A new approach for system‐wide power system frequency model validation via measurement data
Authors: Sajjadi Mahsa , Seifi Hossein , Delkhosh Hamed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractModels are commonly used for various power system studies. This article presents a new framework to estimate and validate the parameters of the turbine‐governor and also the load model in a multi‐machine power system environment. The proposed method utilizes the center of inertia frequency and generating unit signals (especially active power) recorded by measurement devices to validate the parameters. The objective function is to minimize the total squared error between the simulated and the measured responses for some events. Particle swarm optimization is used to estimate the parameters. The accuracy of the estimated parameters is investigated through sensitivity analysis. Moreover, in order to improve the efficiency of the identification procedure for large‐scale networks, a new scheme is proposed, which is based on the impact of each estimated parameter during the simulation time frames. The simulation results on the IEEE 9‐bus and IEEE 118‐bus systems show the validity and benefit of the proposed method.
Linkages between bedload displacements and topographic change
Authors: McDowell Conor , Gaeuman David , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryChanges in bed topography that build and maintain channel morphology are driven by the displacements of individual particles, either though their entrainment or deposition. However, the linkages between these topographic changes and individual grain displacements have not been comprehensively addressed, as many historical tracer studies have not included coincident topographic data. In this study, we compare the movements of bedload tracers to the differences in repeat topographic surveys across four gravel‐bed river reaches. To do this, we apply a 1‐D Bayesian survival process model to the starting and ending locations of tracers. This model estimates downstream trapping probabilities, which represent the likelihood that a given segment of channel will “trap” an entrained particle. We then adapt this model to estimate downstream trapping probabilities using digital elevation models of difference and compare the results. The estimates from the tracer and topographic trapping models showed general alignment, meaning that tracers were preferentially trapped in segments that experienced deposition along the channel. Thus, tracers in this study were able to identify downstream differences in bedload transport. The comparison also highlighted that tracer‐estimated trapping probabilities were larger than topographically estimated ones. This supports previous observations that sediment travel distances estimated using tracers are shorter than those estimated using morphological methods. We find that the differences between these two estimates vary systematically across study environments. These variations are attributable to either study design (i.e., tracers being larger than the median size of the sediment that deforms the bed) or differences in compensating scour and fill. We explore potential causes for differences in compensating scour and fill, including hydrograph shape, sediment delivery regime, channel deformation style, and channel width, highlighting that morphodynamics needs to be considered in designing bedload tracer studies.
Comparative Effects of Energy-Related Saline Wastewaters and Sodium Chloride on Hatching, Survival, and Fitness-Associated Traits of Two Amphibian Species
Authors: Tornabene Brian J. , Breuner Creagh W. , Hossack Blake R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Salinity (sodium chloride [NaCl]) is a prevalent and persistent contaminant that negatively affects freshwater ecosystems. Although most studies focus on effects of salinity from road salts (primarily NaCl), high-salinity wastewaters from energy extraction (wastewaters) could be more harmful because they contain NaCl and other toxic components. Many amphibians are sensitive to salinity, and their eggs are thought to be the most sensitive life-history stage. However, there are few investigations with salinity that include eggs and larvae sequentially in long-term exposures. We investigated the relative effects of wastewaters from a large energy reserve, the Williston Basin (USA), and NaCl on northern leopard (Rana pipiens) and boreal chorus (Pseudacris maculata) frogs. We exposed eggs and tracked responses through larval stages (for 24 days). Wastewaters and NaCl caused similar reductions in hatching and larval survival, growth, development, and activity, while also increasing deformities. Chorus frog eggs and larvae were more sensitive to salinity than leopard frogs, suggesting species-specific responses. Contrary to previous studies, eggs of both species were less sensitive to salinity than larvae. Our ecologically relevant exposures suggest that accumulating effects can reduce survival relative to starting experiments with unexposed larvae. Alternatively, egg casings of some species may provide some protection against salinity. Notably, effects of wastewaters on amphibians were predominantly due to NaCl rather than other components. Therefore, findings from studies with other sources of increased salinity (e.g., road salts) could guide management of wastewater-contaminated ecosystems, and vice versa, to mitigate effects of salinization. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3137–3147. © 2021 SETAC
Abstract
Wastewaters from energy extraction and pure NaCl cause similar reductions in amphibian hatching, survival, growth, and behavior and increased deformities.
Application of the Target Lipid Model to Assess Toxicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds to Aquatic Organisms
Authors: McGrath Joy , Getzinger Gordon , Redman Aaron D. , Edwards Melanie , Martin Aparicio Alberto , Vaiopoulou Eleni 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds can be found in crude oil and coal and often co-exist in environmental samples with their homocyclic aromatic counterparts. The target lipid model (TLM) is a modeling framework that relates aquatic toxicity to the octanol–water partition coefficient (KOW) that has been calibrated and validated for hydrocarbons. A systematic analysis of the applicability of the TLM to heterocyclic aromatic compounds has not been performed. The objective of the present study was to compile reliable toxicity data for heterocycles and determine whether observed toxicity could be successfully described by the TLM. Results indicated that the TLM could be applied to this compound class by adopting an empirically derived coefficient that accounts for partitioning between water and lipid. This coefficient was larger than previously reported for aromatic hydrocarbons, indicating that these heterocyclic compounds exhibit higher affinity to target lipid and toxicity. A mechanistic evaluation confirmed that the hydrogen bonding accepting moieties of the heteroatoms helped explain differences in partitioning behavior. Given the TLM chemical class coefficient reported in the present study, heterocyclic aromatics can now be explicitly incorporated in TLM-based risk assessments of petroleum substances, other products, or environmental media containing these compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3000–3009. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Climate Change Effects on North American Fish and Fisheries to Inform Adaptation Strategies
Authors: Paukert Craig , Olden Julian D , Lynch Abigail J , Breshears David D , Christopher Chambers R , Chu Cindy , Daly Margaret , Dibble Kimberly L , Falke Jeff , Issak Dan , Jacobson Peter , Jensen Olaf P , Munroe Daphne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Climate change is a global persistent threat to fish and fish habitats throughout North America. Climate-induced modification of environmental regimes, including changes in streamflow, water temperature, salinity, storm surges, and habitat connectivity can change fish physiology, disrupt spawning cues, cause fish extinctions and invasions, and alter fish community structure. Reducing greenhouse emissions remains the primary mechanism to slow the pace of climate change, but local and regional management agencies and stakeholders have developed an arsenal of adaptation strategies to help partially mitigate the effects of climate change on fish. We summarize common stressors posed by climate change in North America, including (1) increased water temperature, (2) changes in precipitation, (3) sea level rise, and (4) ocean acidification, and present potential adaptation strategies that fishery professionals may apply to help vulnerable fish and fisheries cope with a changing climate. Although our adaptation strategies are primarily from North America, they have broader geographic applicability to fish and aquatic biota in other jurisdictions. These strategies provide opportunities for managers to mitigate the effects of climate change on fish and fish habitat while needed global policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions emerge, which may offer more lasting solutions.
Outcomes and prognostic factors of adults with refractory or relapsed T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia included in measurable residual disease‐oriented trials
Authors: Ribera Josep‐Maria , Morgades Mireia , Genescà Eulàlia , Chapchap Eduardo‐Cerello , Montesinos Pau , Acuña‐Cruz Evelyn , Gil Cristina , García‐Cadenas Irene , Barba Pere , González‐Campos José , Queipo de Llano María‐Paz , Torrent Anna , Ribera Jordi , Granada Isabel , Bernal Teresa , Díaz‐Beyá Marina , Amigo María‐Luz , Coll Rosa , Tormo Mar , Vall‐llovera Ferran , Gómez‐Centurión Ignacio , Sánchez‐Sánchez María‐José , Soria Beatriz , Cladera Antonia , Artola María‐Teresa , Garcia‐Guiñon Antoni , Giménez‐Conca Alberto , Amador María‐Lourdes , Martínez‐Sánchez Pilar , Algarra Jesús‐Lorenzo , Vidal María‐Jesús , Alonso Natalia , Maluquer Clara , Llorente Laura , García‐Boyero Raimundo , Ciudad Juana , Feliu Evarist , Orfao Alberto ,   on behalf of the PETHEMA Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite high complete remission (CR) rates with frontline therapy, relapses are frequent in adults with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) with limited salvage options. We analyzed the outcomes and prognostic factors for CR to salvage therapy and overall survival (OS) of patients with R/R T‐ALL included in two prospective measurable residual disease‐oriented trials. Seventy‐five patients (70 relapsed, 5 refractory) were identified. Relapses occurred in bone marrow, isolated or combined in 50 patients, and in the central nervous system (CNS; isolated or combined) in 20. Second CR was attained in 30/75 patients (40%). Treatment with FLAG‐Ida and isolated CNS relapse were independently associated with a higher CR rate after first salvage therapy. The median OS was 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–8.6) months, with a 4‐year OS probability of 18% (95% CI, 9%–27%). No differences in survival were observed according to the treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients in CR after first salvage therapy. Multivariable analysis showed a ≥12‐month interval between first CR and relapse, CR after first salvage therapy and isolated CNS relapse as favorable prognostic factors for OS with hazard ratios (HR) (95% CI) of 1.931 (1.109–3.362), 2.958 (1.640–5.334), and 2.976 (1.157–7.655), respectively. This study confirms the poor outcomes of adults with R/R T‐ALL among whom FLAG‐Ida was the best of the rescue therapies evaluated. Late relapse, CR after first rescue therapy and isolated CNS relapse showed prognostic impact on survival. More effective rescue therapies are needed in adults with R/R T‐ALL.
Establishment of a psychological intervention mechanism for healthcare workers facing public health emergencies in the context of the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Sun Fenghua , Wang Yuxuan , Zhu Zhiyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease pandemic is an unprecedented challenge globally. Medical personnel have been playing a leading role by fighting at the forefront against the pandemic and are the backbone of the fight against the epidemic. These frontline medical workers are under enormous psychological pressure and are prone to overwork and stress, as well as depression depletion, anxiety, insomnia, frustration, or self‐blame in the face of patient deaths. Active psychological crisis interventions for medical staff fighting the pandemic are important protect and promote to maintain their occupational health. Based on China's experience, this paper describes the importance of organizational leadership, emergency psychological crisis interventions in pandemics, and psychological intervention measures for medical staff. It cites useful explorations from different regions and makes suggestions for establishing a sound psychological intervention mechanism.
Clinical observation of the efficacy of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Wang Miao , Zhen Hongchao , Jiang Xiaoyue , Lu Yuting , Wei Yuhan , Jin Jiangtao , Li Qin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionProgrammed death 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitors are proved to be promising and are applied for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in patients with advanced solid tumors and explore the effect of clinical characteristics on it.Materials and MethodsFrom October 2017 to April 2020, a total of 90 patients from Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital were enrolled.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 10.55 months, objective response was observed in 23 patients and the objective response rate was 25.6%. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.69–7.37). The 6m‐PFS was 45.8% and 12m‐PFS was 25.1%. The median overall survival (OS) was 16.9 months (95% CI, not reached [NR]‐NR). The 12m‐OS was 58.1% and 18m‐OS was 48.1%.ConclusionThe efficacy of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced solid tumors was comparable to previous studies. ECOG performance status, smoking status, liver metastasis, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio were independently correlated with PFS while liver metastasis and lactate dehydrogenase level were independently correlated with OS.
Identification of novel key molecular signatures in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Liu Caiying , Zhu Tong , Zhang Jieping , Wang Juan , Gao Furong , Ou Qingjian , Jin Caixia , Xu Jing‐Ying , Zhang Jingfa , Tian Haibin , Xu Guo‐Tong , Lu Lixia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDeep mining of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic retinopathy (DR) is critical for the development of novel therapeutic targets. This study aimed to identify key molecular signatures involved in experimental DR on the basis of integrated bioinformatics analysis. Four datasets consisting of 37 retinal samples were downloaded from the National Center of Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus. After batch‐effect adjustment, bioinformatics tools such as Networkanalyst, Enrichr, STRING, and Metascape were used to evaluate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), perform enrichment analysis, and construct protein–protein interaction networks. The hub genes were identified using Cytoscape software. The DEGs of interest from the meta‐analysis were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in diabetic rats and a high‐glucose‐treated retinal cell model, respectively. A total of 743 DEGs related to lens differentiation, insulin resistance, and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol metabolism were obtained using the meta‐analysis. Alterations of dynamic gene expression in the chloride ion channel, retinol metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism were involved in the course of DR in rats. Importantly, H3K27m3 modifications regulated the expression of most DEGs at the early stage of DR. Using an integrated bioinformatics approach, novel molecular signatures were obtained for different stages of DR progression, and the findings may represent distinct therapeutic strategies for DR patients.
Monitoring aging‐associated structural alterations in Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscles via polarization‐dependent second‐harmonic generation measurements
Authors: Tsafas Vassilis , Giouroukou Konstantina , Kounakis Konstantinos , Mari Meropi , Fotakis Costas , Tavernarakis Nektarios , Filippidis George 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe in‐vivo elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying muscles dysfunction due to aging via non‐invasive label free imaging techniques is an important issue with high biological significance. In this study, polarization‐dependent second‐harmonic generation (PSHG) was used to evaluate structural alterations in the striated muscles during Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. Young and old wild‐type animals were irradiated. The obtained results showed that it was not feasible to detect differences in the structure of myosin that could be correlated with the aging of the worms, via the implementation of the classical, widely used, cylindrical symmetry model and the calculation of the SHG anisotropy values. A trigonal symmetry model improved the extracted results; however, the best outcome was originated from the application of a general model. Myosin structural modifications were monitored via the estimation of the difference in spectral phases derived from discrete Fourier transform analysis. Age classification of the nematodes was achieved by employing both models, proving the usefulness of the usage of PSHG microscopy as a potential diagnostic tool for the investigation of muscle diseases.