bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus von Martens 1868 using 16S mitochondrial DNA marker
Authors: Mohd Dali M Z , Aidi Q , Mohd Nasir M S A , Ismail N , Kamarudin A S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There have been reported around 11 aquatic invasive alien species (IAS) found in Malaysian waters. Cherax quadricarinatus, or commonly known as Australian redclaw crayfish, is one of the invasive species. C. quadricarinatus has the potential of causing negative impacts ecologically and economically in the local environment as it has reported in several countries if they get established and not monitored properly. Habitat alteration, native species depletion and spreading of diseases are among the reported negative impacts of C. quadricarinatus. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the genetic diversity of C. quadricarinatus from 4 different populations. Uncovering the diversity and population structure of the redclaw crayfish will help in enhancing the understanding of adaptation and survival of C. quadricarinatus. Thus, the information can be used in monitoring and management of this invasive crayfish in future. DNA of C. quadricarinatus was successfully extracted from its tissue and amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S gene then proceeded for sequencing and analysed using several genetic analysis software to understand the diversity, phylogeny and population structure of this invasive crayfish species. A total of 493 bp fragments of 32 samples from four sampling sites were obtained. Four haplotypes were observed which Hap-1 was the most common haplotype. The highest genetic variation is Selangor (Pi = 0.00248, Hd = 0.694). However, low levels of both haplotype and nucleotide diversity indicates the loss of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results revealed that the percentage of genetic variation within the population was 69.58% while among populations was 30.42%, indicating significant genetic differentiation among population (P < 0.05). The maximum likelihood tree showed that all haplotypes were clustered and grouped together with United States, Czech Republic, China and Australia.
Influence of 2019 strong positive IOD on the upwelling variability along the southern coast of Java
Authors: Safinatunnajah N , Wirasatriya A , Rifai A , Kunarso  , Setiyono H , Ismanto A , Setiawan J D , Nugraha A L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The seas along the Southern Coast of Java, which are parts of the Indian Ocean, are exposed to climate variability conditions that influence the dynamic of oceanographic parameters in these areas. In terms of interannual climate variability, previous studies showed that Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) variability is more influential than El Niño Southern Oscillation on the upwelling variability along the Southern Coast of Java. This study aimed to determine the effect of strong positive IOD in 2019 on the upwelling along the Southern coast of Java and investigate the possible mechanisms. This study used sea surface temperature data from OISST, wind speed data from the ASCAT satellite, chlorophyll-a data from the Aqua-MODIS, and sea level anomaly data obtained from altimetry satellites. All data were processed using the composite method. The results show enhanced southeast monsoon upwelling during the 2019 strong positive IOD along the Southern Coast of Java as denoted by higher positive (negative) anomaly of chlorophyll-a (SST) from the climatology. Interestingly, the easterly wind speed is lower than the climatology. Since the IOD influences upwelling along the Southern Coast of Java through the propagation of Kelvin wave, our results indicate the enhancing (weakening) upwelling (downwelling) Kelvin wave during the strong positive IOD in 2019 with the propagation speed of about 1.16 m/s. This Kelvin Wave propagation may amplify the coastal upwelling along the Southern Coast of Java.
Characterization of the physical properties and sensory acceptability of Caulerpa racemosa grain beverage
Authors: Sinurat E , Nurhayati  , Fransiska D , Basmal J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Caulerpa racemosa grain was a healthy product and high nutrition. This study applied study was applied Caulerpa racemosa grain in the beverage with the addition of alginate powder. Thus, the present work was aimed to determine the properties of beverage C. racemosa grain formulated with the alginate concentration was varied (0; 0.025; 0.05; 0.075; 0.10 and 0.125 %). The testing of quality beverage C. racemosa viscosity was analyzed using viscometer methods. The colorimeter investigated the colour. The sensory acceptability hedonic and score method (colour, appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptance) used a 5-point. Results showed that alginate used alginate 0.025%, the highest preference, aroma, and appearance scores. The addition of alginate increased alginate was increased the viscosity of beverage C. racemosa grain. The colour of C. racemosa grain progressively became light as the level of alginate grew. However, the increased alginate is not significant enough to change the redness and greenness value of C. racemosa grain beverage. The panelists have preferred to drink the selected Caulerpa grain beverage (concentration sodium alginate 0.025%), with slightly viscous.
Quality of gelatin from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by-products and its effects as edible coating on fish sausage during chilled storage
Authors: Rofikoh R , Darmanto Y S , Fahmi A S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGelatin is a hydrolysed collagen that can be used as raw material for edible coatings to protect perishable foods such as fish sausage. This study aims to examine the quality of gelatin from tilapia by products (skin, scale, bone) and determine the best source of fish gelatin as edible coating on quality of tilapia sausage during chilled storage. The process of made skin gelatin was demineralized with acetic acid while scale and bone were demineralized by hydrochloric acid. Gelatin was examined for yield, gel strength, and viscosity. After edible coatings were applied to the sausages by dipping method, the sausages were stored in the refrigerator at ±5°C for 21 days. Quality deterioration of sausages during storage were measured by sensory value, moisture content, TPC, gel strength and color. The results showed that the highest gelatin yield was obtained from tilapia scales, which was 6.87% while the yield of skin and bone were 4.33% and 1.47% respectively. The best material for edible coating was bone gelatin with gel strength and viscosity which were 325 bloom and 7.10 cP respectively. The application of sausage, where the appearance and texture of sensory value were still acceptable until 21st days of storage. Sausages with edible coating from tilapia bone also showed the highest gel strength about 2514,99-3716,05 g.cm.
The quality of Ulva lactuca fatty acid microemulsion with ascorbic acid antioxidant during storage
Authors: Aprilianti N , Saraswati R D , Budhiyanti S A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and storage duration on Ulva lactuca fatty acid quality in microemulsion with ascorbic acid antioxidants. U. lactuca is a green algae obtained from coastal areas in Trenggole, Yogyakarta. The stages in this study were extraction of U. lactuca fatty acid, production of its microemulsion, and addition of ascorbic acid antioxidant. The extraction of fatty acid was carried out using hexane and ethanol solvents with a ratio of 1:19 (v/v) at 70°C for 3 hours. Furthermore, the microemulsion production was done by using three different types of surfactants, including Tween 80, Tween 20, and Span 80, at a ratio of 7,0:7,5:5,5 (v/v), respectively, with 80% water content and 200 ppm of U. lactuca fatty acid. This study consisted of three treatments of ascorbic acid antioxidants, namely 0, 100, and 200 ppm. The microemulsions with ascorbic acid were stored at 10, 30, and 50°C. The quality measurements were carried out between 4 to 20 days. The results showed the temperatures and storage time significantly affected turbidity, antioxidant activity, peroxide, and TBA value up to the 20th day of storage. The turbidity value increased more than 1% on the 20th day, while the peroxide and TBA values were still in the standard of food products. Therefore, the use of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant with a concentration of 200 ppm was appropriate to inhibit the rate of damage to the microemulsion.
Defects analysis of frozen fish steak processing using six sigma: a case study
Authors: Poernomo A , Ferawati N , Salampessy R B S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Six Sigma has been utilised to analyse defects of fish steak processing at PT X located in North Jakarta. The tools of the Six Sigma implemented in the study were Define, Measure, Analyse and Improve. The observation was conducted for two months in 2020 before the company was temporarily shut down due to Covid-19 pandemic. Four defects were detected during the study, ie under size fish, softened meat, off odor and green coloration of meat, totaling 2,446 kg out of 15,080 kg of fish. Further analysis showed that the Sigma level was 3.24 with a Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO) of 40,739. Some improvements were recommended based on cause-effect diagram.
Functional groups of bio-lubricants from crude catfish oil (Pangasius hypothalamus)
Authors: Sari R N , Hastarini E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Bio-lubricants have great potential in the production of lubricating in the future. Several studies have developed animal oils as lubricants, which come from a by-product of fish processing. Fish oil extracted from the material and processed into bio-lubricants reached the highest yield of 94%. This research aimed to study the bio-lubricants functional groups. The research steps extracted crude fish oil as raw material, hydrolysis using HCl catalyst, polymerization using benzoyl peroxide, and polyesterification using ethylene glycol. The extraction process used the wet rendering method with a ratio of catfish waste (viscera) to the water of 1:2 (w/v) at 70 °C for 30 minutes. The best bio-lubricants were analyzed for functional groups using an FT-IR instrument with a wave range of 4000-450 cm−1. The results obtained were the absorption wavelength peak of 3472 cm−1, indicating O-H bonds with the sloping peak and the weak bond. The absorption wave peak of 3006-2852 cm−1 indicated a strong C-H bond (alkane). The absorption wave peaks of 1743 cm−1 indicated the presence of a C=O double bond. The adsorption wave peaks at 1465 cm−1 indicated carbon chain bonds between C-C, while the absorption wave peaks at 1115 and 1174 cm−1 indicated C-O bonds. The three spectral indicated that the ester groups formed in bio-lubricants. In the polymerization reaction, there was no absorption wave of 1600-1500 cm−1 which indicated that all C=C groups had been polymerized by benzoyl peroxide. Meanwhile, a sloping absorption wave of 3472 cm−1 was found in the polyesterification reaction due to the weak O-H bond. The analysis obtained above showed the differences in wave peak between bio-lubricant and crude fish oil as raw material but had the same group shape.
Antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate from snakehead fish (Channa striata) viscera obtained by enzymatic process
Authors: Agustin V , Husni A , Putra M M P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Snakehead fish (Channa striata) in South Sumatra, Indonesia has been widely used as a raw material in the processing of typical Palembang food industry, namely pempek, kemplang, and kerupuk. During its processing, not all parts of the fish can be utilized. In general, only 40% of the fish is used for consumption and 60% is wasted as by-products. One of the by-product produced during processing is viscera which can still be used as value-added products. One alternative is to use viscera as raw material in the production of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) which is well known to have functional properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antihypertensive, and anticancer. This research was aim to determine the antioxidant activity of FPH made from snakehead fish viscera as a source of natural antioxidants. The research was conducted by papain treatments with the concentration of enzymes used were 1%, 2% and 3%. Evaluation of the hydrolysis process was done by measure the soluble protein and DH (degree of hydrolysis) while antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-Azinobis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline6-sulfonic acid) assay. DH of fish protein hydrolysate was found to be 68.79%, 77.06% and 72.63%, respectively while protein solubility gave values of 5.69%, 6.15% and 6.56% respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was attained at enzyme concentration of 3% with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-Azinobis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline 6-sulphonic acid) value were 37.26% and 58.58% respectively.
Isolation and identification of nitrifying bacteria from tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) pond in Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Aswiyanti I , Istiqomah I , Isnansetyo A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research aims to isolate and identify autochtonous nitrifying bacteria from tilapia pond in Sleman Yogyakarta Indonesia for future application in aquaculture practices in the region. Bacteria were isolated using a nitrification medium. Bacterial characterization was carried out by non-pathogenic test to tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), and nitrification activity test in a single bacterial fermentation medium for 9 days. Bacterial identification was carried out based on the colony and cell morphologies, biochemical tests, and molecular analysis using the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. A total of 15 isolates of nitrifying bacteria were obtained. Four non-pathogenic isolates obtained the highest nitrification activity on the sixth day of incubation, with nitrate production of 17.26-21.54 ppm. Two selected bacteria, isolates A2 and A3, have colony morphology that is milky white, smooth surface, circular shape, entire edge, and convex elevation. Both bacteria are short rods, Gram-negative, non-motile, produce catalase, fermenting glucose, sucrose, and lactose, and do not produce oxidase, ornithine decarboxylase, indole, and H2S. Molecular analysis showed that the two isolates had the highest similarity (99.28% and 99.34%) to Klebsiella spp.
In vitro adhesion of Bacillus sp. and Enterobacter sp. probiotics on intestinal epithelial cells of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and the application effects on the fish growth and survival rate
Authors: Suryaningsih W , Maulana R , Istiqomah I , Isnansetyo A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to determine the adhesion of Bacillus sp. (PCP1) and Enterobacter sp. (JC10) on intestinal epithelial cells of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and the effect of the probiotics application in feed on fish growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio. In vitro adhesion test was performed by using 108 cells/ml of bacteria, and 105 cells/ml of epithelial cells for 1 hour of incubation. The probiotics were added to the fish pellet with the dose of 5 x 104 CFU/g of feed with four treatments, including probiotic application every three days, seven days, without probiotic, and commercial probiotic application every three days. Each treatment consists of three replications. Red tilapia is maintained for 30 days in fiberglass ponds. The feed is given two times per day with a dose of 5 % of the biomass. The adhesion experiment results showed that Bacillus sp. (PCP1) and Enterobacter sp. (JC10) have adherence abilities higher than the commercial probiotics. The application of probiotics in tilapia for one month did not affect the fish growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Probiotic application in a longer period is needed to be addressed.
Application of sludge collector in super-intensive Vannamei shrimp farms
Authors: Makmur  , Taukhid I , Tampangallo B R , Asaad A I J , Rachmansyah  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The solid organic waste load that is formed during the vannamei shrimp cultivation process is a problem that must be overcome because it triggers water quality deterioration and the emergence of shrimp disease. The sludge collector is designed to accommodate a load of the solid waste easily removed from the pond environment during the cultivation process. This study evaluates the performance of two types of pond outlets on water quality and shrimp production performance. Two concrete pond plots with an area of 1000 m2 each were used in this study. The treatments applied are the Sludge Collector and Central Drain solar model as outlet facilities located in the middle of the pond. The stocking density of the fry is 500 PL/m2 and is maintained for 92 days. According to the feeding program, 38-36% crude protein content is given eight times daily. The water exchange was carried out in the morning and evening. The application of additives in the form of lime, molasses, and probiotics into the ponds was adjusted to the needs and development of pond water quality conditions. The parameters measured consisted of water quality, total bacteria, total hematocyte count, prophenoloxidase (proPO), growth, survival rate, production, feed conversion ratio, and analysis of shrimp production costs. Data is analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study results show that the Sludge Collector application in super-intensive ponds has better water quality (total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate, and total suspended solid performance due to the cleaner sludge disposal system to maintain water quality conditions suitable for the life of vannamei shrimp. This response is in line with the performance of THC and proPO in shrimp in Sludge Collector ponds that have a lower stress level than in Central Drain ponds. The sludge Collector application resulted in an 8.25% higher gain than the Sludge Collector treatment with a larger shrimp size.
Observation on the reproductive behavior and embryo of the daisy’s ricefish, Oryzias woworae in laboratory condition
Authors: Firmansyah M A , Mustahal  , Syamsunarno M B , Herjayanto M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Oryzias woworae is an endemic ricefish from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, traded as an ornamental fish. Information on the biology of these fish is very lacking, including their reproductive. These fish also face the threat of population decreasing in the wild. The research aimed to examine the spawning behavior and embryonic of O. woworae as the basis for aquaculture. Fish spawning was carried out using 1 male: 1 female ratio, which was repeated three times. The observed spawning behavior was pre-spawning, mating process, egg number, and morphology. Behavioral observations were carried out for five days of spawning. Observation of embryos was carried out to see the stages of embryo development until hatching. The results obtained on pre-spawning behavior were changes in body color and blackened fins in males, which did not occur in female fish. Males actively swim by approaching their dorsal and anal fins while chasing females. The female releases the eggs and is attached to the substrate, rapidly fertilized by the male fish. There is a phenomenon of females carrying eggs on the genital pore before being released to the substrate (non-pelvic brooder). Spawning only occurs during the day, and spawning is getting faster, which is at 09:00 AM on the fifth day. Oryzias woworae eggs have a diameter of 1.3 ± 0.2 mm, equipped with attaching and non-attaching filaments. Observations of O. woworae embryos showed that embryo hatching occurred at seven days 23 hours post-fertilization.
Utilization of citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds as a natural coagulant for turbidity removal
Authors: Dollah Z , Masbol N H , Musir A A , Karim N A , Hasan D , Tammy N J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Coagulation and flocculation are an essential component of both the treatment of drinking water and the treatment of wastewater. The coagulant is one of the materials or substances that is added to the water to remove, stabilizes and causes colloidal particles to settle. Chemical coagulants such as aluminum sulphate (alum), ferric chloride, and synthetic polymers are the most commonly used coagulants in the industry due to their efficacy in turbidity removal. However, the use of chemical-based coagulants has had some negative impacts on human health and the environment, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and has produced a high volume of toxic sludge. In order to reduce negative impacts, this led to the discovery of an alternative to the natural coagulant (plant-based) for drinking water treatment. The coagulant used in this study is a combination of fruit waste containing citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seed with a ratio of 80:20 and 40:60. In addition to determining the potential of the composite natural coagulant, the optimal dosage and the effect of the mixing duration are also studied in order to determine the best mixing duration for each stage of the coagulation-flocculation process. Laboratory-scale studies using jar test experiments were conducted on surface water to determine the percentage of turbidity removal. Fruit waste was collected from the UiTM Pulau Pinang cafeteria, dried in the oven for 24 hours at a temperature of 105°C. The optimum dosage of composite natural coagulant is 90 mg/L using an 80:20 ratio of citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds with 97% of turbidity removal. The optimum mixing time is determined where the fast mixing time is 180 rpm for 3 minutes, the slow mixing time is 20 minutes with 10 rpm and the settling time is 30 minutes. The study shows that citrus microcarpa peels and papaya seeds have the potential to become effective natural coagulants in the future.
Pretreatment of Coconut Shell by Torrefaction for Pyrolysis Conversion
Authors: Ahmad R , Ahmahdi S M , Mohamed A R , Abidin C Z A , Kasim N N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study describes the influence of torrefied coconut shell (CS) as solid fuel on pyrolysis product yield. The CS were torrefied and then pyrolysed in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperature and reaction time. The raw and torrefied CS were analysed for mass and energy yield, proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. The pyrolysis products yield were compared between raw CS and torrefied CS. The results showed that the properties of torrefied CS in terms of proximate and ultimate analysis were enhanced than raw CS. The calorific value for torrefied CS increased 17.17 MJ/kg to 22.25 MJ/kg. The optimum condition obtained for torrefaction pretreatment was at 275 °C and reaction time of 60 min. The highest bio-oil yield of 45% from pyrolysis process was at temperature and reaction time of 500 °C and 6 min, respectively. Thus, these results indicate torrefied CS was a suitable fuel feedstock to conduct in thermal conversion such as pyrolysis.
Mechanical, Durability And Rheology Properties Of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) With Low Cement Content
Authors: Zahid M Z A M , Bakar B H A , Nazri F M , Alasmari H , Latiff M F P M , Ayob A , Muhammad K , Ahmad M M , Manaf B H A , Ishak M K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This current study attempts to investigate the mechanical, durability as well as rheology properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) with low cement content and using coarse aggregate. The cement content used in UHPC mix in current study was 800 kg/m3. The slump flow, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption and water penetration tests were conducted to determine the workability, mechanical and durability properties of explored UHPC mixture. The test results show that the above properties were exceptional and comparable with other UHPC mixtures.