bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D-Dopachrome Tautomerase Activates COX2/PGE2 Pathway of Astrocytes to Mediate Inflammation Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ji Huiyuan , Zhang Yuxin , Chen Chen , Li Hui , He Bingqiang , Yang Ting , Sun Chunshuai , Hao Huifei , Zhang Xingyuan , Wang Yingjie , Zhou Yue , Zhu Zhenjie , Hu Yuming , Li Aihong , Guo Aisong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAstrocytes are immune-competent cells able to secrete various cytokines and chemokines mediating neuropathology of central nervous system (CNS) in response to danger signals. D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), a newly described cytokine and a close homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) protein, has been revealed to share an overlapping function with MIF in some ways. However, its cellular distribution pattern and mediated astrocyte neuropathological function in the CNS remain unclear. MethodsContusion model of rat spinal cord was established. The protein levels of D-DT and PGE2 synthesis-related proteinase were assayed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Primary astrocytes were stimulated by different concentration of D-DT in the presence or absence of various inhibitors to examine relevant signal pathways. The post-injury locomotor functions were assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale. ResultsD-DT was inducibly expressed within astrocytes and neurons, rather than in microglia following spinal cord contusion. D-DT was able to activate the COX2/PGE2 signal pathway of astrocytes through CD74 receptor, and the intracellular activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was involved in the regulation of D-DT action. The selective inhibitor of D-DT was efficient in attenuating D-DT-induced astrocyte production of PGE2 following spinal cord injury, which contributed to the improvement of locomotor functions.ConclusionCollectively, these data reveal a novel inflammatory activator of astrocytes following SCI, which might be beneficial for the development of anti-inflammation drug in neuropathological CNS.
Self-care Practice and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Follow Up Patients at East Gojam Zone Public Hospitals, North West Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Zeleke Haymanot Mitiku , Assefa Birtuka , Sergo Teshager , Mekonnen Nakachew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-care practice is crucial for the prevention and management of Hypertension. Poorly controlled hypertension leads to cardiovascular complication as well as organ damage. Despite the availability of several effective pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies, hypertension control remains suboptimal. Self-care practices allow hypertensive patients to have improved quality of life by avoiding complication and decrease health care expenditure. Objective: we assessed self-care practice and its associated factors among Hypertensive Follow up patients at East Gojjam Zone public hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted by both quantitative and qualitative methods from October 1-30, 2020. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25.0 were used for data entry and for analysis respectively. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis was employed. Adjusted odds ratios were used to ascertain effect sizes for any association between the dependent and associated variables while significance level at p value of 0.05 was determined using 95% confidence intervals. Result: Out of 480 patients included in the study 51% have Poor self-care practices. About 44.6%, 92.5%, 82.8%, 62.5% of respondents were poor adherent to antihypertensive medications, low diet quality, poor practiced to physical activity, poor practice to weight management respectively. Some of the respondents 3.3%, 9.8% were smokers and were alcohol drinkers respectively. Educational status who cannot read and write (AOR=3.153, 95% CI: 1.674-5.939), no co morbidity (AOR = 0.418, 95% CI: 0.263-0.663), uncontrolled blood pressure status (AOR = 2.141, 95% CI: 1.271- 3.609), poor social support status (AOR = 2.587, 95% CI: 1.544-4.334) and unfavorable attitude (AOR= 3.193, 95% CI: 1.951-5.225) showed significant statistical association with poor self-care practice.Conclusion: The level of hypertension self-care practices found to be low. Therefore, education towards hypertension self-care practices should be strengthened for patients living with hypertension. Special attention should be given to patients with low educational level that cannot read and write, patients with co morbidity, uncontrolled state of hypertension, poor social support and those with unfavorable attitude towards hypertension management modalities.
Roles of water vapor sources and transport in the intraseasonal and interannual variation in the peak monsoon rainfall over East China
Authors: Chu Qucheng , Wang Qiguang , Feng Guolin , Jia Zikang , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ERA-Interim reanalysis data from 1979–2017 are utilized to analyze the intraseasonal and interannual variabilities in the moisture transport associated with the summer rainfall over East China. Three key issues of moisture sources for East China summer precipitation are discussed in this study: the identification of the primary moisture sources of summer precipitation, determination of their individual contributions to the intraseasonal variation in summer precipitation, and determination of the extent to which each source affects the interannual variation in precipitation during the peak monsoon rainfall period (PMRP). Through the Lagrangian method, the water vapor is divided into six sources, namely, the land area source (LD source), East China source (EC source, except for the target region), Indian Ocean source (IO source), Pacific Ocean source (PO source), South China Sea source (SCS source), and regional evapotranspiration sources. This study proposes that the rainfall over South China (SC) during the PMRP is mainly influenced by the IO source water vapor transport (52.4%). For the middle and lower Yangtze River valley (YRV), the rainfall contribution from southwesterly moisture transport accounts for approximately 50% of the total rainfall during the PMRP and determines the intraseasonal and interannual variation in the summer rainfall. The water vapor from terrestrial evaporation, which includes EC source water vapor (38.9%) and NC source water vapor (21.8%), is the most important moisture source for rainfall over North China (NC) during the PMRP.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes Inhibit the Growth of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Regulating miR-23b-5p/TRIM14 Pathway
Authors: cheng hui , Ding Jie , Tang Gusheng , Huang Aijie , Gao Lei , Yang Jianmin , Chen Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy commonly seen in adults. Previous studies indicated that TRIM14 played a tumorigenic role in various types of cancer and miR-23b-5p was down-regulated in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HMSC-exos) of AML patients. However, their roles in AML remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of TRIM14 and miR-23b-5p in the pathogenesis of AML.Materials and methods: The blood specimen was collected from AML patients and healthy donators. Exosomes were extracted from the culture medium of human mesenchymal stem cells under ultracentrifugation. Then exosomes were co-cultured with AML cells to determine the effect of their contents. The cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay, whereas the cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of miR-23b-5p and TRIM14 was silenced or overexpressed to explore their biological functions in AML. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to validate the interaction between miR-23b-5p and TRIM14. Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblots.Results: TRIM14 was significantly increased in AML patients and cell lines. The inhibition of TRIM14 significantly reduced the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of AML cells via activating PI3K/AKT pathway, whereas its overexpression exhibited reversed effects. HMSC-exos could suppress the proliferation of AML cells through the delivery of miR-23b-5p. Moreover, miR-23b-5p inhibited the transcription of TRIM14 by binding on its 3’UTR region. Overexpression of TRIM14 exhibited reversed effect against the function of miR-23b-5p mimic.Conclusion: TRIM14 could promote the proliferation of AML cells via activating PI3K/AKT pathway, which was reversed by HMSC-exos through delivering miR-23b-5p. These findings indicated that miR-23b-5p and TRIM14 could be applied as potential targets for the treatment of AML.
Entrustment in Physician -patient communication: a modified Delphi study using the EPA approach
Authors: Younas Ayesha , Khan Rehan Ahmed , Yasmin Raheela 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Competency based curricula across the globe stress on the importance of effective physician patient communication. A variety of courses have been used to train physicians for this purpose. However, few of them link competencies with practice resulting in confusions in implementation and assessment. This issue can be resolved by treating certain specific patient communication related tasks as acts of entrustment or entrustable professional activities (EPAs). In this study, we aimed to define a competency-based framework for assessing patient physician communication using the language of EPAs.
Methods

A modified Delphi study was conducted in three stages. The first stage was an extensive literature review to identify and elaborate communication related tasks which could be treated as EPAs. The second stage was content validation by medical education experts for clarity and representativeness.The third stage was three iterative rounds of modified Delphi with predefined consensus levels. The McNemar test was used to check response stability in the Delphi Rounds
Results

Expert consensus resulted in development of 4 specific EPAs focused on physician-patient communication with their competencies and respective assessment strategies all aiming for level 5 of unsupervised practice. These include Providing information to the patient or their family about diagnosis or prognosis; Breaking Bad news to the patient or their family; Counseling a patient regarding their disease or illness; Resolving conflicts with patients or their families.
Conclusions

The EPAs for Physician-patient communication are a step toward an integrative, all-inclusive competency-based assessment framework for patient-centered care. They are meant to improve the quality of physician patient interaction by standardizing communication as a decision of entrustment. The EPAs can be linked to competency frameworks around the world and provide a useful assessment framework for effective training in patient communication. They can be integrated into any post graduate curriculum and can also serve as a self -assessment tool for postgraduate training programs across the globe to improve their patient communication curricula.
Variants of the Cry 1 Gene May Influence the Effect of Fat Intake on Resting Metabolic Rate In Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mirzababaei Atieh , Daneshzad Elnaz , Shiraseb Farideh , Pourreza Sanaz , Setayesh Leila , Clark Cain C. T. , Tangestani Hadith , Keshavarz Seyed Ali , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that the minor allele (C allele) for Cry 1 rs2287161, may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Low resting metabolic rate (RMR) caused by the diet has been shown to have, potentially, unfavorable effects on obesity. This study sought to investigate the interactions between the Cry 1 Gene and fat intake on RMR in overweight and obese women.Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 377 Iranian women with overweight and obesity. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with 147 items, was used to assess dietary intake. Individuals were categorized into two groups based on the rs2287161 genotype. Body composition, dietary intake, and RMR were assessed for all participants.Results: There was a significant difference between genotypes for FBS (P=0.04), fat free mass (FFM) (P=0.0009), RMR per FFM (P =0.05), RMR per body mass index (BMI) (P=0.02), and RMR deviation (P=0.01). Our findings also showed significant interactions between total fat and C allele carrier group on RMR per kg, RMR per body surface area (BSA), RMR per FFM, and RMR deviation (P for interaction <0.1), in addition to a significant interaction between CC+CG group genotype and PUFA intake on RMR per BMI (P for interaction =0.009) and RMR per kg (P for interaction=0.02) and RMR per BSA (P=0.07), compared to the GG group, after control for confounder factors.Conclusion: These results highlight that dietary compositions, gene variants, and their interaction, should be acutely considered in lower RMR.
Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of heat shock protein 110, 90, 70 and 60 families
Authors: Yan Li-rong , Shen Shi-xuan , Wang Ang , Yuan Yuan , Xu Qian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of molecular chaperones that function in protein folding and maintain protein structure and function. No study has performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of HSPs. Here we carried out a panoramic analysis of the expression and prognosis of HSP110, HSP90, HSP70 and HSP60 families in 33 tumors, with the aim of deepening the systematic understanding of HSPs in cancer. Materials and Methods: Next-generation sequencing data of multiple tumors were downloaded from TCGA, CCLE and Oncomine databases. RStudio 3.6.1 was used to analyze the expressions, mutations, copy number variations (CNVs), cancer-related signaling pathways, immune cell infiltration and prognosis profiles of HSP110, HSP90, HSP70, and HSP60 families in 33 tumors. Results: HSPA6 and HSPA7 were generally highly expressed while HSPA12A, HSPA12B, HSPA2 and HSPA4L were mainly expressed at low levels in different cancer tissues. The results revealed mainly positive correlations among the expressions of HSPs in different cancers. Expressions of HSP family members were generally associated with poor prognosis in respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system tumors and associated with good prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. TCGA mutation analysis showed that HSP gene mutation rate in cancers was 0­%–23%. CCLE mutation analysis indicated that HSP gene mutation rate in 828 cell lines from 15 tumors was 0%–17%. CNV analysis revealed that HSPs have different degrees of gene amplifications and deletions in cancers. Gene mutations of 15 HSPs influenced their protein expressions in different cancers. Copy number amplifications and deletions of 22 HSPs also impacted protein expression levels in pan-cancer. HSP gene mutation was generally a poor prognosis factor in cancers, except for uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. CNVs in 14 HSPs showed varying influences on survival status in different cancers. HSPs may be involved in the activation and inhibition of multiple cancer-related pathways. HSP expressions were closely correlated with 22 immune cell infiltrations in different cancers. Conclusion: Our results show that HSP families play an important role in the occurrence and development of various tumors and are potential tumor diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as anti-cancer therapeutic targets.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ce/Zr co-substituted BiFeO3: R3c-to-P4mm Phase Transition and Enhanced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism
Authors: Adineh Zahra , Gholizadeh Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A facile hydrothermal method was used for fabricating phase-pure Bi1 − xCexFe1−xZrxO3 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06) multiferroic ferrites, and the dependence of structural, optical, and magnetic properties on the composition have been investigated. The samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. Structural results show that the structure of Bi1 − xCexFe1−xZrxO3 ferrites is indexed to a rhombohedral structure with R3c space group. However, the weakening in the intensity, the expansion of the line-width of all bands, and some band shifts observed in Raman spectra indicate a structural transition from rhombohedral (R3c) to pseudo-tetragonal (P4mm) phase as the content of Ce/Zr increases. Also, a significantly enhanced intensity of the A1-2 mode in Raman spectra means that there is a novel behavior of magnetic anisotropy in the Ce/Zr co-substituted samples. A significant increase in optical band gap with increasing of the Ce/Zr co-substitution suggests that the materials are suitable for technological applications. Magnetic properties of the samples show a magnetic transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase due to the presence of the rhombohedral to the tetragonal phase transition, and exchange interaction between the 4f orbitals of the Ce3+/Ce4+ and the 3d orbitals of the Fe3+/Fe2+.
A qualitative Study of TB Health Workers’ and Stakeholders’ Conceptualisation, Screening and Treatment of Mental Distress Experienced by TB Patients in Zambia
Authors: Mainga Tila Mwinde , Gondwe Melleh , Stewart Robert C , Mactaggart Islay , Shanaube Kwame , Ayles Helen , Bond Virginia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThere is an increased recognition to integrate mental health services into routine TB care. For a successful integration TB health workers and stakeholders need to be receptive to mental health services being delivered in tandem with TB services. Additionally, policy makers need to understand the current practices by TB health workers around treatment of mentally distressed TB patients. In this qualitative study we aimed to understand how TB health workers and other TB stakeholders viewed mental distress linked to TB and how they screened and treated mental distress in their patients. MethodsThe study draws on qualitative data collected in 2018 as part of the Tuberculosis Reduction through Expanded Antiretroviral Treatment and Screening for active TB trial (TREATS). TREATS was conducted in 8 urban communities in Zambia. The data was collected through 17 focus group discussions with local health committees (n=96) and TB stakeholders (n=57), and in-depth interviews with TB health workers (n=9). Thematic analysis was conducted. ResultsTB stakeholders and health workers had an inadequate understanding of mental ill health and commonly described mental distress experienced by TB patients using the stigmatizing term “madness” . Mental distress was also described as “ overthinking”, which participants attributed to psychosocial drivers of distress and inadequate knowledge of TB by TB patients rather than a condition that would benefit from a mental health intervention. ConclusionsTB stakeholders and health care workers in Zambia are cognisant of the mental health implication of TB on TB patients. There are no standard screening or treatment options for mental distress in TB patients. TB health workers in Zambia could benefit from mental health training which should aim to increase knowledge about mental health and chronic illness while shifting negative attitudes around mental illnessTrial registration number: NCT03739736
Numerical and experimental investigation of magnesium/aluminum laser welding with magnetic field
Authors: Zhou Jiafu , Zhou Dianwu , Liu Jinshui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A three-dimensional numerical model for thermal-fluid-metallurgical coupling was established to inspect the effect from a stable longitudinal magnetic field on molten pool of magnesium/aluminum laser welding. Magnetic field-assisted laser welding platform was built to test the morphology and spectrum of the metal vapor/plasma. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were used to determine the morphology and element distribution of molten pool cross section. Simulation results showed that temperature gradient of molten pool was reduced, heat distribution became uniform, and keyhole area was enlarged. In addition, the flow velocity of molten pool was increased, the vorticity of molten pool was improved, and the flow region of liquid metal was enlarged. Experimental results showed that penetration of molten pool was deeper, the shape of welding pool tended to be symmetrical and the density of Al element distribution in welding pool was increased by magnetic field. Thus, heat and mass transfer in welding pool was promoted due to the application of magnetic field, the elements exchange and the convection of liquid metal were accelerated, and the distribution of Mg-Al compounds should be dispersed under the agitation of Lorentz force. It’s predicted that the distribution of Mg-Al compounds in magnesium/aluminum laser welding would be positively affected by magnetic field, which was beneficial to control the weld quality. Hence, numerical results and experimental verification shared good consistency.
Tree-shaped Hybrid Fractal Antenna for Biomedical Applications using ANN and PSO
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Sivia Jagtar Singh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present scenario, there is a rapid development in the field of designing efficient medical devices for advanced health care purposes. A distinct hybrid fractal approach for designing tree-shaped antenna using artificial neural network (ANN) and particle swarm optimization is explored in this research paper. ANN modelling provides a promising solution, especially for solving various problems that are usually encountered in science and engineering. A Koch–like structure is added to a Giuseppe Peano-like structure for the construction of a parent hybrid shape. The overall volume of the FR4 based designed prototype is 24 x 20 x 1.6 mm 3 . The tree-like geometry is excited by a microstrip line feed, placed at the centre axis of the selected substrate. The ground plane dimension ‘L g ’ has been optimized specifically with particle swarm optimization technique. To realize the effectiveness of the hybrid fractal approach, the projected antenna is experimentally analyzed. The designed structure is compact, geometrically appealing and offers sufficient bandwidth. The projected antenna operates over 2.41 to 2.44 GHz, with fundamental frequency of 2.42 GHz. The S11 ≤ -10 dB bandwidth examined at the working frequency is 1.44% (35.1 MHz). Moreover, the projected antenna offers promising gain and stable radiation patterns at the claimed frequency. A simplified ANN strategy is also utilized for the estimation of selected output parameters. For completeness, simulated, estimated, optimized and experimental responses are reported to examine the reliability of the proposed hybrid fractal approach. Furthermore, the performance is effectively described by analyzing the behavior of projected antenna with different excitation methods. Excellent outcomes validate that this compact device makes it an ideal choice for bimedical applications.