bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis and Modeling of Microplastic Separation through Hydro Cyclones
Authors: Borgia Fabio 
Published: August 2021

The filtering hydro cyclone is a solid–liquid separation device, generally conical in shape. The hydro cyclone allows the separation of microplastics from water, to facilitate micro-recycling. To test the capabilities of a hydro cyclone at separating microplastics from water, Rietema’s standard sizes, mathematical and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling were used. The results show that, even dough the mathematical model in unreliable when considering parameters out-side standard operation conditions, hydro cyclone microplastic separation can be achieved at 98% efficiency. Particles reach the outlet on average in 1.5 s for a flow velocity of 2 m/s, and denser microplastics end up in the underflow.
Raman Features of Linear-Carbon-Chain and Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Saito Yahachi , Asaka Koji 
Published: August 2021

Structural and electronic properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) containing linear carbon chains (LCCs), which were produced by arc-discharge between carbon electrodes in an atmospheric pressure, have been studied by Raman spectroscopy as well as electron microscopy. Spectral features of Raman scattering from the LCC/MWCNT composites were reviewed with emphasis on the spectra obtained with a low energy photon (1.58 eV, 785 nm) excitation, which have not been described in detail so far. Characteristic frequencies of LCC stretching modes with the 785 nm laser excitation are observed at around 1740, 1759, and 1789 cm−1. In a low frequency region, radial breathing modes (RBMs) of the innermost tube within MWCNTs are observed at specific frequencies of 293, 341, 402, and 510 cm−1; the highest RBM frequency is tentatively assigned to a tube with the chiral index (4,3), whose diameter is expected to 0.50 nm. LCC bands observed with various excitation wavelengths from 488 to 785 nm show that the band consists of several peaks, and the relative intensities of constituent peaks change with the excitation wavelengths due to the resonance effect; the higher the excitation photon energy is, the higher the intensity of high-frequency LCC modes.
Short Root Anomaly in a Hispanic Population: Risk for Orthodontic Root Resorption
Authors: Emerick Tara , Grace Viana Maria , A. Evans Carla 
Published: August 2021

While the presentation of Short Root Anomaly (SRA) in Hispanic patients has been described previously, it is not known if this population is predisposed to increased orthodontic root resorption. This study evaluates the response of pre-existing short roots in Hispanic SRA patients to orthodontic treatment. Selected maxillary and mandibular teeth of 40 Hispanic SRA patients (19 male, 21 female) and 40 age and gender matched Caucasian patients (19 male, 21 female) with normal root length were evaluated for root resorption following comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The age range of the subjects was between 10 and 19 years. Relative root length was calculated before and after orthodontic treatment from digital panoramic radiographs. Overall, statistically significant root resorption occurred in the control group, but orthodontic root resorption was not significant in the Hispanic group (p > 0.05). When genders were separated, Hispanic females did experience a mild degree of root resorption in the upper incisors while resorption in Hispanic males was not significant. Caucasian females experienced greater root resorption than Caucasian males. Hispanic SRA patients may be safely treated with comprehensive orthodontics and could be at no more risk of root resorption than Caucasian patients with normal initial root length.
Prolonged Jaundice in Newborn
Authors: Aygün Erhan , Yilmaz Semerci Seda 
Published: August 2021

Prolonged jaundice is defined as a serum bilirubin level higher than 85 μmol/L (5 mg/dl), which persists at postnatal 14 days in term infants and 21 days following the birth in preterm infants. It affects 2–15% of all newborns and 40% of breastfed infants. Although underlying cause can not be found in the majority of prolonged jaundice cases, this may also be the first sign of a serious causative pathology. Tests performed to determine the underlying cause and failure to determine the etiology cause anxiety for both families and physicians. The most important point is to determine whether prolonged jaundice is of a benign cause or is due to a substantial disease. For this reason, health care providers should not take unnecessary tests in normal infants, but should also recognize infants with a causative pathology. Neonatal jaundice still maintains its importance in neonatal clinical practice, since early diagnosis and treatment is feasible.
Les émotions présidentielles sous la Ve République : normes de sang-froid et régulation des émotions collectives
Authors: Le Bart Christian 
Published: August 2021

Le président de la République doit-il montrer ses émotions ? Cet article vise à établir qu’une norme de sang-froid s’est construite au fil de l’histoire politique et s’est imposée sous la Ve République pour trois raisons : le sang-froid participe de la rationalisation du pouvoir d’État, il distingue ceux qui occupent des positions élevées, il procure une position de force dans les discussions. Néanmoins, s’il ne peut succomber aux émotions, le chef d’État ne doit pas pour autant ignorer celles-ci : il en orchestre la régulation, imposant par son discours des émotions collectives exemplaires, par exemple, à la suite d’attentats ou de décès de personnalités populaires. En comparant le rapport aux émotions du général de Gaulle à celui de ses derniers successeurs, en particulier Nicolas Sarkozy et Emmanuel Macron, on peut faire l’hypothèse d’un relâchement de la norme de sang-froid et d’une banalisation de l’expressivité des figures au sommet de l’État.
Le travail émotionnel à l’épreuve du travail social : les accompagnements de sortie du travail du sexe à Genève
Authors: Csupor Isabelle , Aubry Roxane , Mercolli Mauro 
Published: August 2021

Cet article présente une démarche exploratoire de recherche participative qui décrit et analyse le travail émotionnel des travailleuses sociales à l’oeuvre dans leurs interactions avec des (ex)travailleuses du sexe dans une association genevoise lors des accompagnements psychosociaux de parcours de sortie du travail du sexe. L’article montre comment le travail émotionnel des travailleuses sociales, sous-tendu par un projet féministe d’émancipation, se déploie dans des espaces et des temporalités spécifiques. Puis, il montre comment ce travail émotionnel permet l’émergence d’une conscience critique, d’une part, et la mise en route d’un processus d’empowerment des femmes accompagnées.
Théoriser un sentiment de minorisation
Authors: Melançon Jérôme , Moore Sean E. 
Published: August 2021

Le but de cet article est de fournir une première théorie quant à l’existence d’un sentiment de minorisation qui ferait partie de l’expérience des groupes minoritaires et aiderait à comprendre leurs revendications et leur comportement politiques. Il vise aussi à développer cette théorie au contact de la réalité des francophones du Canada en situation minoritaire, qui se définissent eux-mêmes par cette situation plutôt que géographiquement (comme hors Québec). Nous procédons d’abord à partir d’une lecture croisée de l’oeuvre philosophique de Deleuze et Guattari et de celle de Tocqueville, afin de préciser le sens du concept de minorité en relation au pouvoir et hors de la référence à la démographie, puis d’esquisser les contours des sentiments de minorisation et d’égalité. Nous passons ensuite aux travaux contemporains en psychologie sociale portant sur les émotions collectives et les relations intergroupes pour valider et préciser davantage les résultats de cette lecture. Enfin, nous nous tournons vers l’événement du « jeudi noir » de l’Ontario français, quand le gouvernement provincial mit fin à deux institutions assurant les services aux Franco-Ontarien·ne·s, pour examiner la réaction de la population francophone à travers le prisme du sentiment de minorisation. Il ressort de cette étude et de cette catégorisation de sentiments politiques liés à la relation à la norme sociale qu’un sentiment de minorisation peut émerger dans un contexte où un groupe se sent égal ou supérieur aux autres et s’attend à pouvoir participer à la définition de la norme pour la société plus large.
Antioxidants Capacity, Phenolic and Oxalate Content from Two Varieties of Solanum melongena at Different Maturity Stages
Authors: Zulkhairi A. Mohd , Aisyah M. N. Siti , Razali M. , Syafini G. Nur , Umikalsum M. B. , Athirah A. Aimi , Daliana M. Y. Nur , Rosali H. 
Published: August 2021

Aims: To investigate the antioxidant activities, total phenolic and oxalate contents in two varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena) (terung telunjuk (TT) and terung rapuh (TR)) at different maturity stages.
Study design: Each sample was extracted three times (n=3) for the antioxidant activities, total phenolic and oxalates content. All the data were analysed by using ANOVA and Tukey Pairwise tests.
Place and duration of study: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), between December 2019 and October 2020.
Methodology: Two varieties of eggplant (TT and TR) were cultivated and the samples were tagged and the fruits were harvested according to their maturity stages (stage 1 – stage 4). Samples were freeze dried and extracted to evaluate the antioxidant activities as well as the total phenolic and oxalate contents.
Results: Total phenolic contents (TPC) in TR were lower from stage 1 to stage 3 but high at over mature stage (stage 4) meanwhile TPC in TT increased upon maturity. The DPPH assay from the fruit extracts of TT in all maturity stages showed a stronger antioxidant activity as compared to TR, in which fruit of TT from stage 3 was double in antioxidant activity as compared to TR. The FRAP assay of both eggplants showed extracts of TT having a higher ferric reduction power in all stages as compared to TR. Meanwhile, both eggplant varieties showed different total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents in all maturity indices. TT had the highest total oxalate content at stage 1 as compared to TR while the soluble oxalate content increased in TR in all maturity stages. The highest percentage of soluble oxalate content was observed in TR at stage 4 with 95.5%. Conclusion: Phytochemical findings from these eggplant varieties showed their potentials to improve livelihood and public health. More comprehensive studies on the bioactive compounds, structural elucidation and pharmacological evaluation are to be conducted to understand the possible effects of these phytochemical results.
Proximate Analysis and Elemental Composition of Terminalia Catappa Fruit
Authors: Omenesa Idris M. , Itopa Suleiman A. , Emmanuel Jwan’an L. , Abdulazeez Abdulsalaam O. , Ponfa Sambo 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Terminalia catappa is a large tropical tree in the lead wood tree family, combretacea. This plant is regarded as a medicinal plant and can be used in the treatment of cough, syphilis, hydropsy, rheumatism, and other infections.
Aim: This study assessed the nutritional value of Terminalia catappa and the composition of elements present in the plant fruit.
Methods: Proximate analysis was carried out according to food chemistry analytical methods and elements were estimated by atomic absorption and flame spectroscopy respectively.
Results: Proximate analysis showed that the fruits contained 81.96% moisture content, 1.47% ash, 0.04% crude fat, 1.11% crude protein, 14.05% carbohydrate, and 1.41% crude fibre. The fruits were found to be good sources of minerals. Sodium (2.1±0.01 mg/100 g), potassium (72.5±1.03 mg/100 g), calcium (320±2.00mg/100g), magnesium (20±2.65 mg/100 g), iron (20±3.0 mg/100 g), manganese (2±0.36 mg/100 g), and zinc (8±1.25 mg/100 g).
Conclusion: The results revealed the presence of nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, crude fats, crude fibre, moisture, and ash in small amounts. And elements analysis shows that sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc are in appreciable amount. These constituents are therefore responsible for the biochemical values of Terminalia catappa fruits.
Study about GAU 4: A New High Yielding Ymv Resistant Urdbean Variety
Authors: Patel K. V. , Parmar H. C. , Patel H. P. , More V. B. , Kundaria Vishal B. , Patel B. N. 
Published: August 2021

GAU 4 is a high yielding, YMVD resistance variety developed through selection from germplasm maintained (GP No. 6) at ARS, AAU, Jabugam, Dist : Chotta Udaipur, Gujarat and tested as JAUG 2 in trial. JAUG 2 recorded 21.03 and 24.48 per cent higher yield (961 kg/ha) over the checks T 9 and GU 1, respectively under middle Gujarat. In kharif season, JAUG 2 recorded 1005 kg/ha seed yield which was 19.08 and 23.92 per cent higher over T 9 and GU 1, respectively under middle Gujarat. In summer, JAUG 2 recorded 864 kg/ha seed yield which was 22.21 and 23.42 per cent higher over T 9 and GU 1, respectively under middle Gujarat. The proposed genotype JAUG 2 has semi-erect plant type and medium maturity duration. It has deltoid leaf shape, green hairy pod with 5-7 seeds per pod, dark black and medium seed size (seed index.:4-5 g). On quality point of view, this genotype contains 24.66% protein, 55.58% total carbohydrate, 4.77% total soluble sugar, 0.946% phenol and 8.89 mg/100g flavonoid, which is comparable to check varieties T 9 and GU 1. In mineral contains 49.97 Fe, 29.28 Zn and 7.29 Cu mg kg-1 which is higher than both check varieties viz., T 9 and GU1. The genotype JAUG 2 is found resistant to Yellow Mosaic Disease under natural field condition as compared to check T 9 and GU 1. The special feature of newly develop variety is medium maturity, semi-erect plant type, hairy pod, dark black, drum shape seed, resistant to YMD with higher yield.
Interface‐based design of the favipiravir‐binding site in SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase reveals mutations conferring resistance to chain termination
Authors: Padhi Aditya K. , Dandapat Jagneshwar , Saudagar Prakash , Uversky Vladimir N. , Tripathi Timir 
Published: August 2021

Favipiravir is a broad‐spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) currently being used to manage COVID‐19. Accumulation of mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RdRp may facilitate antigenic drift, generating favipiravir resistance. Focussing on the chain‐termination mechanism utilized by favipiravir, we used high‐throughput interface‐based protein design to generate > 100 000 designs of the favipiravir‐binding site of RdRp and identify mutational hotspots. We identified several single‐point mutants and designs having a sequence identity of 97%–98% with wild‐type RdRp, suggesting that SARS‐CoV‐2 can develop favipiravir resistance with few mutations. Out of 134 mutations documented in the CoV‐GLUE database, 63 specific mutations were already predicted as resistant in our calculations, thus attaining ˜ 47% correlation with the sequencing data. These findings improve our understanding of the potential signatures of adaptation in SARS‐CoV‐2 against favipiravir.
Wearable Biofuel Cells: Advances from Fabrication to Application
Authors: Wu Huiqiong , Zhang Yi , Kjøniksen Anna‐Lena , Zhou Xuechang , Zhou Xuelong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe booming field of wearable devices has nourished progress in developing multifunctional wearable energy sources that can withstand deformations while maintaining their electrochemical functions. Unlike energy storage systems such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, wearable biofuel cells (w‐BFCs) generate green electricity from energy‐dense carbon‐neutral fuels via highly efficient bioelectrochemical reactions, delivering excellent biocompatibility, remarkable environmental sustainability, and exceptional capability of miniaturization. These desirable merits give w‐BFCs great potential in the field of wearable applications. Moreover, emerging studies of w‐BFCs in self‐powered biosensing, controlled drug delivery, and wound dressings have greatly expanded their possible fields of application. Recent progress and strategies to accomplish flexible and stretchable w‐BFCs are summarized here. Novel materials and configurations with tailored features that can be employed to fabricate w‐BFCs are elaborated and discussed. Current applications and near‐future applications of w‐BFCs in health‐monitoring and medical treatment fields are outlined. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives regarding this emerging field of materials science and engineering are also emphasized.
Ultra‐Shallow All‐Epitaxial Aluminum Gate GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs Transistors with High Electron Mobility
Authors: Ashlea Alava Yonatan , Wang Daisy Q. , Chen Chong , Ritchie David A. , Ludwig Arne , Ritzmann Julian , Wieck Andreas D. , Klochan Oleh , Hamilton Alexander R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe electron mobility in shallow GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures is strongly suppressed by charge wafer surface, which arises from native surface oxide layers formed when the wafer is removed from the crystal growth system. Here an in situ epitaxial aluminum gate, grown as part of the wafer, is used to eliminate surface charge scattering. Transmission electron microscope characterization shows that the in situ epitaxial aluminum is crystalline, and the wafer surface is free of native oxide. The influence of Al thickness and the use of different semiconductor wetting layers at the semiconductor‐aluminum interface are examined and correlated with electron mobility. The electron mobility is found to strongly depend on aluminum thickness. For 8 nm thick aluminum, the electron mobility is also influenced by the wetting layer, with aluminum grown on GaAs producing higher mobility compared to AlAs or Al0.33Ga0.67As wetting layers. The suppression of surface charge scattering in these all‐epitaxial devices allows for high mobilities across a wide density range despite the shallow conduction channel (35 nm below the gate). These measurements also provide a uniquely sensitive method of determining the electrical quality of the semiconductor–metal interface, relevant to the formation of hybrid semiconductor–superconductor devices.
Topography and Permeability Analyses of Vasculature‐on‐a‐Chip Using Scanning Probe Microscopies
Authors: Nashimoto Yuji , Abe Minori , Fujii Ryota , Taira Noriko , Ida Hiroki , Takahashi Yasufumi , Ino Kosuke , Ramon‐Azcon Javier , Shiku Hitoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrophysiological systems (MPS) or organs‐on‐chips (OoC) can emulate the physiological functions of organs in vitro and are effective tools for determining human drug responses in preclinical studies. However, the analysis of MPS has relied heavily on optical tools, resulting in difficulties in real‐time and high spatial resolution imaging of the target cell functions. In this study, the role of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) as an analytical tool for MPS is evaluated. An access hole is made in a typical MPS system with stacked microchannels to insert SPM probes into the system. For the first study, a simple vascular model composed of only endothelial cells is prepared for SPM analysis. Changes in permeability and local chemical flux are quantitatively evaluated during the construction of the vascular system. The morphological changes in the endothelial cells after flow stimulation are imaged at the single‐cell level for topographical analysis. Finally, the possibility of adapting the permeability and topographical analysis using SPM for the intestinal vascular system is further evaluated. It is believed that this study will pave the way for an in situ permeability assay and structural analysis of MPS using SPM.
Combining Aqueous Solution Processing and Printing for Fabrication of Flexible and Sustainable Tin Dioxide Ion‐Gated Transistors
Authors: Subramanian Arunprabaharan , Azimi Mona , Santato Clara , Cicoira Fabio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIon‐gated transistors (IGTs) are extensively used in chemo‐ and bio‐sensors as well as intelligent sensors, that is, with neuromorphic computing functionality, exploiting their ion to electron convertibility. Metal oxides are attractive as active channel materials in IGTs because of their low‐temperature solution processability, ambient stability, and tunable optoelectronic properties. SnO2 is a low‐cost material widely used in thin‐film transistors, gas sensors, and transparent electrodes. In this work, films of crystalline SnO2 nanorods are prepared on flexible substrates using a controlled aqueous growth technique, at 95 °C. The top contact source and drain metal contacts were patterned by either photolithography or printing. The transistor behavior of SnO2 nanorod films gated with different gating media, such as room‐temperature ionic liquids, in inert atmosphere, and aqueous saline solutions, in ambient air are studied. In addition, the transistor behavior of SnO2 IGTs in the original flat and tensile bending state are also studied. The earth abundance of tin oxide, the low energy consumption fabrication process by low‐temperature solution processing and printing, as well as, the use of an aqueous electrolyte for the gating medium make our devices extremely promising for green and sustainable electronics.
Micro‐Lifting Jack: Heat‐ and Light‐Fueled 3D Symmetric Deformation of Bragg‐Onion‐Like Beads with Fully Polymerized Chiral Networks
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Song , Weng Hung‐Sheng , Jiang Shun‐An , Mo Ting‐Shan , Yang Po‐Chih , Lin Jia‐De , Lee Chia‐Rong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dynamic control of anisotropic geometric deformation in key soft materials can provide multifunctional advantages for smart devices, thereby expanding the scope of application. The core value of harnessing the physical multiresponsiveness of soft matter is to control the shape, size, and direction of its deformation. This study reports the thermal‐ and photoreversible symmetrical deformation and structural color change of 3D Bragg‐onion‐like fully polymerized cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) beads mass‐produced by microfluidics. A jack‐inspired soft microdevice comprising durable fully polymerized CLC beads by the stand‐alone and free of extraction technique is demonstrated to have the unique photoresponsive capabilities of lifting substantially heavy objects and photochromatism via light‐triggered symmetric volume expansion of the CLC beads. The monomer order is maintained upon photopolymerization, and the complex director patterns of the radially arranged helical pitch under planar confinement are frozen‐in. The desired symmetrical volume expansion with photochromatic property is realized by decreasing the degree of the order parameter, which is caused by the reorientation of the liquid crystal director. This study provides a platform for demonstrating the heat‐ and light‐responsive bead‐based smart devices and their applicability in advanced optomechanical integrated microsystems and multiresponsive Fabry–Perot resonator.