bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Expansion of Fetal Liver Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Bhardwaj Rashmi , Kumar Lalit , Chhabra Deepika , Mehra N K , Sharma Atul , Mohanty Sujata , Kochupillai Vinod 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells because of their proliferative potential have been considered appropriate for management of aplastic anemia. Bone marrow recovery was possible in some cases; engraftment potential of these cells however, was unsatisfactory, possibly due to the availability of smaller number of these cells from a single fetus. Present study was undertaken to see if fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells could be expanded in vitro. Mononuclear cells were isolated and hematopoietic stem cells were identified and analyzed by cell surface marker CD34. CD34+ cells were separated by magnetic cell sorting positive selection method using flow cytometry. Hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+) were cultured by using 5 cytokines, stem cell factor, granulocyte macrophages-colony stimulating factor, interlukin-6, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 and erythropoietin, in 4 different combinations along with supplements, in serum free culture media for 21 days. Cell viability continued to be greater than 90% throughout 21 days of culture. The cells expanded best in combination of media, supplements and 4 cytokines, namely SCF, Flt-3, IL6 and Epo to yield large number of total (CD34+ & CD34-) cells. Even though the total number of nucleated cells increased in culture significantly, levels of CD34 antigen expression declined steadily over this period.
Effect of Macronutrients and of Anaerobic Digestrate on The Heterotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella Vulgaris Grown With Biodiesel By-Products
Authors: Gougoulias Nikolaos , Papapolymerou George , Mpesios Anastasios , Kasiteropoulou Dorothea , Metsoviti Maria N. , Gregoriou Maria Eleni 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the kinetics of the heterotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris as a means of producing bio-oil for biodiesel production. Glycerol was used as the sole organic carbon substrate. Anaerobic digestrate from a local plant was used to examine its effect on the kinetics and the protein and lipid content of the biomass. The effect of the initial carbon and nitrogen concentrations on the carbon uptake rate was studied independently. In one set of five experiments the organic carbon in the form of glycerol, varied from 0.27 g L-1 to 5.36 g L-1 while the concentration of atomic nitrogen was held constant and equal to 45.4 mg L-1. The Co/No ratio varied from 6 to 118.1. In a second set, also of five experiments, the organic carbon was held constant and equal to 3.3 g L-1 and atomic nitrogen varied from 22.7 mg L-1 to 450 mg L-1. The Co/No ratio varied from 7.3 to 145.4. In a third set of experiments anaerobic digestrate was added in increasing amounts into the culture media from 4% to 16%. It was found that the carbon uptake rate as well as the lipid and protein content depended on the Co/No ratio. Increasing ratios of Co/No lead to higher carbon uptake rates, higher lipid content and lower protein content. The initial nitrogen concentration was also found to affect the growth rate of C. vulgaris. The addition of anaerobic digestrate did not affect appreciably the protein and lipid content of the biomass while, addition of anaerobic digestrate up to 16% in the culture medium increased the carbon uptake rate up to about 24%.
Production of an Efficient Magnetic Adsorbent From Babassu Coconut Endocarp and Ni Particles for Easy Dye Removal From Mimetic Contaminated Effluents
Authors: Silva Wanderson S. , Santos Patrícia F. , Freitas Jair C. C. , Schettino Miguel A. , Passamani Edson C. , Veiga Márcia A. M. S. da , Luz Priscilla P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ni metal particles, with sizes ranging from 70 to 110 nm, dispersed in activated carbon produced from the babassu coconut endocarp (BAC) were successfully synthesized and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, dispersive energy X-ray spectroscopy, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. These hybrid BACNi-X materials (where X is the Ni / BAC ratio, equal to 10, 20 or 30) exhibit crystalline Ni particles with suitable magnetic properties, shown by increased saturation magnetization and a gradual reduction in coercive fields (varying 80 to 150 Oe) as the Ni content increases. Relatively large values ​​of pore volume (in the range of 0.28-0.37 cm3/g), specific surface area (560-740 m2/g) are achieved, favoring their applications for magnetic remediation of mimetic contaminated effluents. All hybrid samples were tested positively for the adsorption of methylene blue in contaminated synthetic effluents and the greatest removal was achieved by the hybrid sample BACNi-10, which has the largest specific area and reasonable magnetic properties that allowed the manipulation of the sample by an external field.
The Association of Timing of Repeat Cesarean With Outcomes Among a Cohort of Guatemalan Women With a History of Prior Cesarean Birth
Authors: Harrison Margo S , Garces Ana , Figueroa Lester , Westcott Jamie , Hambidge Michael , Krebs Nancy F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: We intended to observe whether maternal and perinatal/neonatal outcomes of birth vary by timing of repeat cesarean among women with a history of prior cesarean birth in a Guatemalan cohort. Methods: This secondary analysis was conducted using data from a prospective study conducted in communities in Chimaltenango, Guatemala through the Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research.Results: Between January 2017 and April 2020, 26,465 women delivered; 3,143 (11.9%) of those women had a singleton gestation and a history of prior cesarean delivery. 2,210 (79.9%) women with a history of prior cesarean birth had data available on mode of delivery and gave birth by repeat cesarean; 1312 (59.4%) were pre-labor cesareans while 896 (40.5%) were intrapartum cesarean births. Risk factors associated with an increased risk of intrapartum cesarean birth included hospital delivery as compared to “other” location (ARR 1.6 [1.2,2.1]) and dysfunctional labor (ARR 1.6 [1.4,1.9]). Variables associated with a reduced risk of intrapartum cesarean birth were hypertensive disease (ARR 0.7 [0.6,0.9]), schooling (ARR 0.9 [0.8,0.9]), and increasing age, which was associated with a very slight reduction in the outcome (ARR 0.99 [0.98,0.99]). Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not vary by type of cesarean birth. Conclusion: Outcomes of cesarean birth do not seem to vary by timing of repeat cesarean birth, with hypertensive disease increasing the likelihood of pre-labor cesarean. This information might be useful in counseling women that outcomes after failed trial of labor do not appear worse than those after pre-labor cesarean birth.
Competition and Coordination Strategies of Shared Electric Vehicles and Public Transportation Considering Customer Travel Utility
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the rise of the sharing economy and the concept of “green environmental protection and low-carbon travel”, the emerging project of shared electric vehicles is booming. However, the accompanying coordination problem between shared electric vehicles and public transportation system needs to be urgently solved. In reality, customers’ choice of travel mode is influenced by their own travel perceived utility. Thus, this paper will discuss the competition and coordination problem between shared electric vehicles and public transportation system from the perspective of customer travel utility. Considering the travel cost and comfort in the customer travel utility, the game models of shared electric vehicle and public transport system in different scenarios are established by using competitive game and cooperative game. Then, the equilibrium solutions under different scenarios are obtained by solving the models. The analysis results show that shared electric vehicles would bring some beneficial improvements to the transportation system under certain circumstances. Furthermore, public transportation system should adopt a coordination strategy with the shared electric vehicles to promote the total customer travel utility for the entire system. It is worth considering the improvement of the service quality of shared electric vehicle and public transportation next, which would affect the rate of increasing in the total customer travel utility.
DFT&nbsp;Study of Super Halogen Doped Borophene With Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Shehzad Rao Aqil , Ayub Khurshid , iqbal javed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concern of the present study is to investigate the non-linear optical properties of super halogen doped borophene owing to its broad applications. The first principle study of the material for its non-linear optical properties elaborated its use for electrical and optical applications. The super halogen-based borophene in lithium ion-based batteries and medical appliances have made it one of the most potential materials for optoelectronics. First, hyperpolarizability (βo) of pure and doped B36 is computed and the difference between their values was examined. The vertical ionization energy (VIE) was calculated for pure and doped systems. The interaction energy (Eint) for all combinations was computed. It would be expected to one of the best materials to have high capacity and resistance. For all the calculations and to calculate the HOMO and LUMO energy gap, the density functional theory (DFT) method was used. After observing all the above properties, it was predicted that these combinations are more beneficial and displayed the better nonlinear optical (NLO) for electronic devices.
Effect of CSF1R Inhibitor on Glial Cells Population and Remyelination in The Cuprizone Model
Authors: Tahmasebi Fatemeh , Barati Shirin , Kashani Iraj Ragerdi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a kind of autoimmune and demyelinating disease and its pathological symptoms include inflammation, myelin loss, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. The colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), as an essential factor for the microglial function, and PLX3397 is its specific inhibitor. In this study, we assessed the effect of different doses of PLX3397 for microglial ablation on glial cells population and remyelination process. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old) were divided into 6 groups. The animals were fed with 0.2% cuprizone diet for 12 weeks for chronic demyelination model induction. For microglial ablation, PLX3397 (290 mg/kg) was added to the animal food for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Glial cells number was measured using immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the rate of remyelination using electron microscopy and Luxol Fast Blue staining. The expression levels of all genes were assessed by qRT-PCR method. Data were analysed using Graph pad prism and SPSS software.Data showed that the administration of different doses of PLX3397 significantly (p˂0.001) reduced microglial cells. PLX3397 administration significantly (p˂0.001) increased oligodendrocytes population with along rise of the remyelination compared to the cuprizone mice, which was confirmed by the results of LFB and TEM. Gene results showed that PLX3397 treatment reduced CSF1R expression. According to results, the administration of PLX3397 for 21 days enhanced remyelination by increasing oligodendrocytes in the chronic demyelination model. These positive effects could be related to the reduction of microglia.
Assessment Of Arsenic Exposure In The Population Of Sabalpur Village Of Saran District Of Bihar With Mitigation Approach
Authors: Kumar Arun , Kumar Rishav , Rahman Md. Samiur , Ali Mohammad , Kumar Ranjit , Nupur Neha , Gaurav Aman , Raj Vikram , Anand Gautam , Niraj Pintoo Kumar , Kumar Nirmal , Srivast Abhinav , Biswapriya Akhouri , Chand Gyanendra Bahadur , Kumar Dhruv , Rashmi Tuhin , Kumar Santosh , Sakamoto Maiko , Ghosh Ashok Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Arsenic poisoning through groundwater is the world's greatest normal groundwater catastrophe which got an immense effect on worldwide general wellbeing. India is confronting the outcomes of arsenic poisoning in the zone of Ganga Brahmaputra alluvial plains. In Bihar out of 38 districts, 18 districts are exceptionally influenced with groundwater arsenic defilement. In the present study, we have assessed the current situation of arsenic exposure in Sabalpur village of Saran district of Bihar after reporting of breast, renal, skin and thyroid cancer cases from this village along with typical symptoms of arsenicosis. Such cancer patients were identified at our institute and were taken for the study. The present investigation deals with the quantification of arsenic in groundwater, hair and nail samples as well as the survey of entire village to know the overall health status of the village people. Altogether, 128 groundwater samples through handpumps, 128 human hair and nail samples respectively were collected from over 520 households. Using the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GF-AAS), all the samples were analysed. The investigation resulted that the 61% of the analysed samples particularly the groundwater had the arsenic levels more than the permissible limit of WHO (>10µg/L) with 244.20µg/L as the greatest arsenic contamination in one of the groundwater sample. The exposure effect of hair sample was worst as 88% of all the collected samples were having high arsenic levels more than the permissible limit (>0.2mg/Kg). In case of nails samples, 92% of the samples were having high arsenic concentration more than the permissible limit (>0.5mg/Kg). The health survey study uncovered the exceptionally chronic weakness status of the village populace as individuals were experiencing the issues like asthma, anaemia, hepatomegaly, diabetes, cardiac problem, skin fungal infections, breathlessness, mental disability, etc. Few cancer cases of renal, skin, breast and cervix were also found among the population of this village. The percentage of cancer cases in this village was 0.94% that is low but it would be an aggravated situation in the near future if people will continue drinking arsenic contaminated water. Therefore, a mitigation intervention was done in March 2020 by installing an arsenic filter plant. The health situation in the present scenario is hope to restore in the village in the coming years. However, motivation and awareness among the village population is still required.
Exploring the Limits of Color Accuracy in Technical Photography
Authors: Kirchner Eric , Wijk Carola van , Beek Henni van , Koster Tammo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The growing importance of publishing art collections online has led to increasingly strict tolerances on digital photography of art objects. There are two internationally recognized sets of guidelines for creating high-quality digital images, Metamorfoze and FADGI. These guidelines require using sets of standardized color patches in museal photography. The X-Rite ColorChecker SG chart with 140 color patches is often used. Recent studies showed that even in the standardized conditions of museum photography studios it is often very difficult to satisfy the strictest guidelines on color accuracy for camera profiling, with no indications for improvements.Here we report results of our investigation into the bottlenecks in achieving high color accuracy. We show that a large part of the color deviations originates from the 15 black color patches of the ColorChecker SG chart. These patches have a large impact on the average color deviation and the maximum color deviation that are the performance measures for color accuracy in the FADGI and Metamorfoze guidelines. We show that spectrophotometer measurements for the black patches produce color deviations dE(CIE 1976) ranging from 3.7 to 5.2 with respect to reference data, making it impossible to meet the strictest Metamorfoze guidelines. The black patches push the average color difference CIEDE2000 from 0.59 to 0.82 with respect to reference data already when using spectrophotometer data. Since the strictest FADGI guidelines prescribe an average CIEDE2000=2.0, this leaves little tolerance for errors due to lighting and camera profile. Our results indicate that the common practice of manually tweaking camera profiles until the software suggests sufficient color accuracy is obtained with respect to suppliers’ reference data often does not improve color representation but makes it worse, especially for representing dark nuances. This is unfortunate for example for the digital photography of 17th century Dutch paintings, where dark passages occupy large areas of the art works. We show that the key step in achieving color accurate digital photography is to use customer reference data rather than commonly used generic reference data. We explain the results by investigating not only the color properties of the ColorChecker SG chart, but also its glossiness.
Infrared Thermography of Neurosurgical Bone Grinding: Determination of High-Speed Cutting Range in Order to Obtain The Minimum Thermal Damage
Authors: Shakouri Ehsan , Ghorbani Pezhman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the main challenges in skull base tumor removal is the thermal damages that occur in response to grinding the skull bone. During this process, temperature rise occurs at the site of bone grinding, and may cause irreversible thermal damage to the bone, nerves, and arteries. The aim of the present research is to study temperature changes during high-speed grinding of bone via infrared thermography to determine the threshold of high-speed cutting range (HSC-range) in order to achieve the minimum temperature rise and minimize the resulting thermal damages. Experimental tests have been performed in 75 states using the parameters of cutting speed (25 states) and feed rate (3 states) on bovine femur samples. The temperature changes of bone have been measured through infrared thermography. The results indicated that temperature rise had a direct relationship with the tool feed rate. Further, the cutting speed of 250 m.min-1 at different feed rates was the HSC-range threshold, after which a descending trend of temperature rise emerged; each led to the minimum temperature rise and beyond HSC-range, the temperature rise found an ascending trend. Thus, in order to reduce the thermal damage in neurosurgical bone grinding, the following parameters are suggested as follows: cutting speed 350-425 m.min-1 for the feed rate 20 mm.min-1 (ΔT= 4.8-8.5°C ); cutting speed 500-550 m.min-1 for the feed rate 30 mm.min-1 (ΔT= 7.2-9.3°C), and cutting speed 650-675 m.min-1 for the feed rate 40 mm.min-1 (ΔT= 10-12.5°C).
Association Study of Fasting Blood Glucose and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure in Community Population: The EpiSS Study
Authors: Peng Wenjuan , Xie Yunyi , Cao Han , Qi Han , Liu Kuo , Xia Juan , Liu Zheng , Liu Xiaohui , Li Bingxiao , Wen Fuyuan , Zhang Fengxu , Zhang Ling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Some populations showed heterogeneous elevated blood pressure (BP) responses to relatively high salt intake, which is the phenomenon generally referred as salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP). We aimed to evaluate whether the fasting blood glucose (FBG) could be an independent risk factor, and dose-dependent associated with the SSBP in community population.Methods: This study is based on the baseline survey of systemic epidemiology of salt sensitivity study. Subjects were classified into salt sensitive (SS) and salt resistant (SR) groups according to BP changes during the modified Sullivan’s acute oral saline load (ΔBP1) and diuresis shrinkage (ΔBP2) test. Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were used to evaluate associations between FBG with SS or BP changes.Results: A total of 2051 participants were included in the analyses with 581 (28.33%) for SS. The median level of FBG and frequency of diabetes were significantly higher in SS group than those in SR group (5.55 vs. 5.39 mmol/L, P=0.003; 19.62% vs. 14.49%, P=0.005). Multiple logistic analyses showed a positive association between FBG and SS prevalence, for every interquartile range increase in FBG, the OR (95%CI) for SS was 1.140 (1.069, 1.215). Consistently, multivariate linear regression analyses showed that FBG was independently and positively associated with mean arterial pressure change (ΔMAP1) (β=0.421; 95%CI, 0.221, 0.622), systolic BP change (β=0.589; 95%CI, 0.263, 0.914) and diastolic BP change (β=0.340; 95%CI, 0.149, 0.531) during saline load, respectively. Compared to the lowest FBG quartile (Q1), the OR (95%CI) for SS in Q3 and Q4 were 1.342 (1.014, 1.776) and 1.577 (1.194, 2.084), respectively (P for trend ≤ 0.001). Compared to subjects with normal fasting glucose, the β (95%CI) for ΔMAP1 was 0.973 (0.055, 1.891) in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, and was 1.449 (0.602, 2.296) in patients with diabetes (P for trend ≤ 0.001). Stratified analyses showed significant and stronger associations between FBG with SSBP in youngers, females, hypertensives, non-diabetics, non-current smokers and non-current drinkers.Conclusions: Our findings suggest FBG is an independent, dose-dependent risk factor for SSBP, and prevention of SS focusing on controlling FBG elevation in the early stage is important.
Classification and Clinical Value of Three Immune Subtypes of Ovarian Cancer Based on Transcriptome Data
Authors: Yuan Li , An Qiang , Liu Ting , Song Jukun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Abundant evidence suggests that tumor immune infiltration was involved in the occurrence of ovarian cancer (OvCa). Current studies have demonstrated the effect of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) on OvCa development; few studies have found the immune genomic profile and immune subclasses of OvCa based on transcriptome data, which may help to optimally stratify patients who respond to immunotherapy.Methods: Based on the two publicly available OvCa transcriptomics data, three immunogenomic subgroups were classified using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. The GO and KEGG were analyzed in each subtype. Response to immunotherapy and anti-cancer drug targets was predicted by the TIDE, Submap algorithm, and GDSC dataset.Results: The three types of immunogenomic OvCa subsets were classified based on immune signatures. We identified three OvCa subtypes, termed hyperimmunogenic (Immunity_H), moderately immunogenic (Immunity_M), and hypoimmunogenic (Immunity_L). Each subtype has specific pathways. In the Immunity_H subtype, a number of cancer-related and immune-related pathways are overactivated. In contrast, the Immunity_L subtype is predominantly enriched in lipid metabolism. Immunity_H subtype has higher immune cell infiltration, antitumor immunoreactivity, and better survival prognosis compared to other subtypes. Predicted clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade was used by Submap and TIDE algorithm and screened potential chemotherapeutic drug targets for OvCa was employed using GDSC. After the prediction for potential drug targets, we identified several potential drug targets for the treatment of OvCa, including Parthenolide and AKT inhibitor VIII, Paclitaxel. Also,Immunity_H subgroup has an early FIGO stage, and was susceptible to respond to immunotherapy.Conclusions: The characterization of immune-based OvCa subgroups possessed potential clinical implications for OvCa treatment and has the potential to guide personalized treatment of OvCa patients through immunotherapy.