bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a risk score for chest pain with suspected non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ma Chun‐Peng , Liu Xiao‐Li , Feng Jian‐Shuang , Dong Xue‐Fei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate a new risk score for acute chest pain with suspected non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS).MethodsPatients who suffered from Chest pain and suspected NSTE‐ACS were enrolled as subjects. Predictor variables had been analyzed, and a bootstrap technique was used to evaluate the internal validity of the model, and external validation had been assessed for a prospective cohort study.ResultsThousand five hundred and sixty‐eight patients had been included in this study. Six predictor variables were found to be significant and were used to develop the model. The C‐statistic of the model was 0.83, and internal validation revealed the stability of the model and the absence of over‐optimism. Patients were given different triage recommendations, and the risk score was prospectively validated.ConclusionsA risk score may be a suitable method for assessing the risk of major adverse cardiac events and aiding patient triage in emergency departments among patients with suspected NSTE‐ACS.
Mediators of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in the relationship between ondansetron pre‐treatment and the mortality of ICU patients on mechanical ventilation: Causal mediation analysis from the MIMIC‐IV database
Authors: Zhou ShiYu , Tao Lili , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Zhenhui , An Shengli 
Published: December 2021

AimsThe mortality of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) is high and few strategies are available. We explored the relationship between ondansetron pre‐treatment, the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mortality of ventilated patients in the intensive care unit.MethodsWe developed a retrospective cohort study that involved patients undergoing MV in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care IV (MIMIC‐IV) database. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship of ondansetron use and mortality and to explore the potential causal pathway mediated by the NLR or PLR. The primary outcome was 28‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 17 927 eligible patients took part in the study (5665 had taken ondansetron before MV initiation and 12 262 patients had not). The odds ratio (OR) for 28‐day mortality for ondansetron use uncorrelated with the mediator (NLR, PLR) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64–0.81, P < .001). Ondansetron was also associated with a reduction in 28‐day mortality after controlling for the mediator of NLR (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, P < .01). For the indirect effect, the NLR could explain 13.47% (95% CI = 8.59–20.54%, P < .01) of the impact of ondansetron use on 28‐day mortality. The proportion mediated increased to 21.50% (95% CI = 12.36–47.44%, P < .01) for 90‐day mortality. Adjusted mediation analysis revealed no suggestion of a causal mediation pathway for this effect by the PLR (P = .12).ConclusionsNLR may play substantial roles in the relationship between ondansetron pre‐treatment before initiation of mechanical ventilation and the reduction of death risk in ventilated patients.
Prognostic impact of circulating tumor cells detected with the microfluidic “universal CTC‐chip” for primary lung cancer
Authors: Kanayama Masatoshi , Kuwata Taiji , Mori Masataka , Nemoto Yukiko , Nishizawa Natsumasa , Oyama Rintaro , Matsumiya Hiroki , Taira Akihiro , Shinohara Shinji , Takenaka Masaru , Yoneda Kazue , Kuroda Koji , Ohnaga Takashi , Tanaka Fumihiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDetecting rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream is extremely challenging. We had previously developed a novel polymeric microfluidic device, “CTC‐chip,” for capturing CTCs and have shown high capture efficiency in lung cancer cell lines by conjugating Abs against epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM). This study aimed to optimize the EpCAM‐chip and clarify the prognostic impact of CTCs in lung cancer patients. Of 123 patients with pathologically proven lung cancer, both progression‐free survival (P = .037) and cancer‐specific survival (P = .0041) were predominantly poor when CTCs were detected before treatment. After classification into surgical and chemotherapy groups, progression‐free survival was worse in CTC‐positive patients in both groups (surgery, P = .115; chemotherapy, P = .012), indicating that the detection of baseline CTCs is a risk factor for recurrence and progression. Furthermore, we recovered captured CTCs using micromanipulators and undertook mutation analysis using PCR. Thus, the EpCAM‐chip is a highly sensitive system for detecting CTCs that contributes to the prediction of recurrence and progression and enables genetic analysis of captured CTCs, which could open new diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic options for lung cancer patients.
Bradykinin‐mediated estrogen‐dependent depressor response by direct activation of female‐specific distribution of myelinated Ah‐type baroreceptor neurons in rats
Authors: Li Ke‐Xin , Feng Yan , Fan Xiong‐Xiong , Sun Xun , Li Ying , Wu Di , Liu Li , Cui Chang‐Peng , Xiong Xue , Li Hu‐Die , Zhou Meng , Ma Hai‐Lan , Liu Yang , Zhang Rong , Li Bai‐Yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo understand the direct impact of bradykinin in autonomic control of circulation through baroreflex afferent pathway.MethodsThe mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored while bradykinin and its agonists were applied via nodose (NG) microinjection, the expression of bradykinin receptors (BRs) in the NG (1st‐order) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS, 2nd‐order) were tested in adult male, age‐matched female, and ovariectomized rats under physiological and hypertensive conditions. Additionally, bradykinin‐induced depolarization was also tested in identified baroreceptor and baroreceptive neurons using whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique.ResultsUnder physiological condition, bradykinin‐induced dose‐ and estrogen‐dependent reductions of MAP with lower estimated EC50 in females. B2R agonist mediated more dramatic MAP reduction with long‐lasting effect compared with B1R activation. These functional observations were consistent with the molecular and immunostaining evidences. However, under hypertensive condition, the MAP reduction was significantly less dramatic in N’‐Nitro‐L‐Arginine‐methyl ester (L‐NAME) induced secondary and spontaneous hypertension rats in males compared with female rats. Electrophysiological data showed that bradykinin‐elicited concentration‐dependent membrane depolarization with discharges during initial phase in identified myelinated Ah‐types baroreceptor neurons, not myelinated A‐types; while, higher concentration of bradykinin was required for depolarization of unmyelinated C‐types without initial discharges.ConclusionThese datasets have demonstrated for the first time that bradykinin mediates direct activation of baroreflex afferent function to trigger estrogen‐dependent depressor response, which is due mainly to the direct activation/neuroexcitation of female‐specific myelinated Ah‐type baroreceptor neurons leading to a sexual dimorphism in parasympathetic domination of blood pressure regulation via activation of B2R/B1R expression in baroreflex afferent pathway.
Flower surface wax chemicals in green gram help to stimulate oviposition in Spilosoma obliqua within short distances
Authors: Mobarak Syed Husne , Koner Anamika , Barik Anandamay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLarvae of Spilosoma obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) feed on leaves and flowers of green gram (or mung bean), Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek (Fabaceae), and thereby reduce yield in India. Previously, we demonstrated that leaf surface waxes from three green gram cultivars – PDM 54 (PDM), Pusa Baisakhi (PUSA), and Samrat (SAM) – served as short‐range attractants and oviposition stimulants in S. obliqua. In this study, we aimed to find out whether flower surface waxes have similar roles. We identified the alkanes and free fatty acids in flower surface wax of the three cultivars, created representative blends of synthetic compounds, and tested the effects of crude wax and various blends on attraction and oviposition of S. obliqua. Twenty‐two n‐alkanes (n‐C13 to n‐C36) were identified in PDM, and 23 in the other two cultivars; pentadecane was predominant. Fifteen free fatty acids (C12:0 to C22:0) were detected in the three cultivars; palmitoleic acid (in PDM and PUSA) and pentadecanoic acid (in SAM) were predominant. In Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays, females were attracted to 1 mg flower surface wax of the three cultivars, as well as to blends composed of 3–7 compounds representative of the three varieties (PDM: tricosane, pentacosane, heptacosane, nonacosane, palmitoleic acid, linolenic acid, and stearic acid; PUSA: heptacosane, nonacosane, and stearic acid; and SAM: heptacosane, linolenic acid, and stearic acid). In dual choice tests, the females did not distinguish between surface wax of a variety and its representative synthetic blend. Also, they did not distinguish between the three cultivars. Results of oviposition assays were similar: 1 mg flower surface wax, as well as synthetic blends, stimulated egg laying, but the numbers of eggs were similar in the presence of surface wax of a variety vs. its representative synthetic blend. Also, oviposition was not differentially affected by cultivar. Thus, as in leaves, flower surface waxes act as short‐range attractants and oviposition stimulants in S. obliqua. The blends are potentially of use to develop lures as part of integrated pest management strategies.
The future between difficulties and resources: Exploring parents' perspective on young adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Calandri Emanuela , Graziano Federica , Borghi Martina , Bonino Silvia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo qualitatively explore parents' representations of the future of their young adult children diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and of their own future as parents.BackgroundMS in young adulthood represents a nonnormative transition during the life cycle with a significant impact on the whole family. Previous research examined the perspective of parents having children and adolescents with MS, but there is a lack of knowledge about parenting young adults with MS.MethodThirteen semistructured interviews were conducted with parents of young adults (aged between 18 and 35 years) with MS, and an inductive content analysis was performed.ResultsThe future of young people with MS in various domains (study, work, and affective relationships) is deeply influenced by both illness and therapies. Parents' future is conditioned by the illness of their children. Family support and focusing on the present are recognized by parents as resources in coping with MS difficulties.ConclusionThe uncertainty and unpredictability of MS influence parental representations of the future and represent an additional challenge in the difficult transition to adulthood.ImplicationsThe study gives indications for psychological interventions helping parents to cope with their children's illness and to stick to a personal future plan.
Overexploitation and decline in kelp forests inflate the bioenergetic costs of fisheries
Authors: Wing Stephen R. , Durante Leonardo M. , Connolly Alex J. , Sabadel Amandine J. M. , Wing Lucy C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimFisheries ecosystems are subject to long‐term shifts in food web structure as a result of exploitation and environmental change. These shifts can be gradual and unresolved by decadal‐scale time series. The aim of our study was to determine long‐term legacy effects of overexploitation and changes to the composition of basal organic matter sources on the trophic structure of marine food webs.LocationNew Zealand.Time periodApproximately 1250 AD to the present; the complete history of human occupation in New Zealand.Major taxa studiedMesopredatory fishes.MethodsWe used whole tissue (δ13C and δ15N) and amino acid‐specific (δ15NAA) stable isotope analyses of bone collagen and muscle tissue from five fishes spanning the period of human occupation of New Zealand to resolve the bioenergetic consequences of long‐term shifts in food web structure. Stable isotope analysis of amino acids provided the basis for resolution of changes in trophic level in the absence of information on δ15N at the base of the food web during pre‐industrial times.ResultsOur analyses indicate likely declines in the contribution of organic matter derived from kelps in four species, and intraspecific increases in trophic levels in three species of the five fishes studied between European colonization (AD 1650–1800) and the present‐day regime of industrialized fishing and environmental change (AD 1953–2018), but little change during the prehistoric time period spanning early Māori occupation (AD 1250–1450) to European colonization. Analysis of the bioenergetic costs of the observed shifts in food web structure indicate a 179% increase in basal organic matter requirements to support mesopredatory fish.Main conclusionsThese data provide a rare case study on the consequences of legacy effects of exploitation and environmental change for bioenergetics of fish communities relevant to ongoing changes in global marine ecosystems. Overexploitation and decline in kelp forests have inflated the bioenergetic costs of these fisheries.
QUEER ADOLESCENCE IN MÄDCHEN IN UNIFORM
Authors: Samper Vendrell Javier 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTMost critics have examined Leontine Sagan's Mädchen in Uniform (1931) within one of two frameworks: either the film depicts Germany's authoritarian nature or it is a ground‐breaking work of lesbian filmmaking. This article considers an alternative possibility, namely, that the film illustrates the queerness of adolescence and society's efforts to repress it. To support this claim, it engages with the developmental theories of Charlotte Bühler (1893–1974) that circulated in the period when this film was produced. The psychologist argued that adolescent girls experience a phase of ‘Schwärmerei’, a word that evoked irrationality, an excess of emotion, and fleeting same‐sex desire. Bühler's theories naturalised heterosexuality and played down the queerness of adolescence. Accordingly, Manuela's infatuation with the teacher could be considered a phase on her path towards marriage and motherhood. This analysis of the film, however, allows us to imagine a possibility in which Manuela resists the heterosexist norms enforced by the school and follows a queer path.
Postdialysis serum phosphate equilibrium in hemodialysis patients on a controlled diet and no binders
Authors: Stremke Elizabeth R. , Trevino Laurie , Doshi Simit , Moorthi Ranjani N. , Hill Gallant Kathleen M. , Moe Sharon M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies evaluating the change in serum phosphate post hemodialysis (HD) demonstrate an initial decline during dialysis but a rebound post dialysis. However, previous studies were done on usual diet and phosphate binders, with limited number of blood draws, confounding conclusions. We determined serum phosphate reduction, rebound, and equilibrium over 48 h in HD patients consuming a controlled, low phosphorus diet without binders.MethodsSerum phosphate (mg/dL) was analyzed before and after a HD treatment and frequently during the ensuing 48 h intradialytic period in the clinical research unit. Thirteen subjects were enrolled and had been off phosphate binders for 10 days and consumed a standardized low phosphate (900 mg/day) diet for 3 weeks prior to the assessments. Linear regression was used to determine relationships between the pre‐HD serum phosphate, decline post‐HD (post‐HD drop); and a 48 h area under curve (AUC) using the trapezoidal method as a measure of overall phosphate levels from the end of dialysis to 48 h post dialysis. Repeated Measures ANOVA with Dunnett's posthoc test was used to determine rebound.ResultsFive of 13 subjects returned to >90% of their pre‐HD serum phosphate within the first 24 h post‐HD, and serum phosphate was 94 ± 0.11% (range 63%–113%) by 48 h after the completion of HD. The 48 h AUC of serum phosphate during the interdialytic period was correlated with both pre dialysis phosphorus (r = 0.85; p = 0.0002) and the pre‐post drop in serum phosphate during dialysis (r = 0.69; p = 0.0085). In contrast, the net ultrafiltration was not related to the 48 h AUC of serum phosphorus (r = 0.20; p = 0.51).ConclusionsIn hemodialysis patients on standard low phosphorus diet and no phosphate binders, the interdialytic serum phosphorus level, assessed as AUC, is determined by the pre dialysis phosphorus and net‐change in serum phosphorus during the dialysis treatment, but not the ultrafiltration volume [Correction added on 25 January, after first online publication: In the last sentence of the Abstract, the word “potassium” has been replaced with “phosphorus” to improve accuracy.].
Impacts of temperature on sulfur solubility in low‐activity waste glasses
Authors: Jin Tongan , Skidmore Chloe H. , Kruger Albert A. , Vienna John D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolubility of sulfur in glass melts has been studied to estimate the maximum sulfur tolerance in nuclear waste glass melter operations. Sulfur solubility data at various temperatures are needed to investigate the possible sulfate segregation in different stages of the melting process. In this work, a crucible salt saturation method was applied to measure the sulfur solubility in three low‐activity glasses at different temperatures ranging from 950°C to 1200°C. The results show that temperature has little impact on sulfur solubility, with one exception that the sulfur solubility increases slightly from 950°C to 1100°C. The temperature effect of solubility data using SO2/O2gas and sulfate salt as the sulfur source are compared. The decreased melter tolerance with decreasing temperature is likely caused by multiple factors including sulfur solubility.
Identification of fumigated and dyedLycium barbarumby hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Ningqiu Tang , Jun Sun , Min Xu , Kunshan Yao , Yan Cao , Dengjie Liu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn view of the adulteration ofLycium barbarumwith chemicals and dyes in the market, hyperspectral imaging technology is proposed to identify fumigated and dyed specimens. The hyperspectral data were preprocessed by visual molecular dynamics (VMD) to reduce the influence of noise. Furthermore, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select the characteristic bands from the preprocessed spectral data. Since the classification effect of the traditional support vector machine (SVM) model was influenced by the kernel parameters c and g, the slime mold algorithm was adopted to optimize SVM. The optimalcandgwere set to 93.3603 and 4.5652, respectively. The results showed that the VMD–CARS–SVM had higher prediction accuracy, and the accuracy of training and testing sets were 98.2 and 96.7% separately.Practical applicationsThe aim of this article is to identify fumigated and dyedL. barbarumby hyperspectral imaging technology. After fumigation and dyeing, the type and contents of active ingredients in the surface and interior ofL. barbarumchanges, seriously affecting the health of consumers. The results of this article provide a valuable reference to develop a portable inspection device to identify the fumigated and dyedL. barbarumrapidly, precisely, and non‐destructively.
Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coliO157:H7 on blueberries and impacts on berry quality during 12 weeks of frozen storage after washing with combinations of sodium dodecyl sulfate and organic acids or hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Li Yingying , Wu Changqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSalmonella spp. and Escherichia coli are well tolerant of freezing. This study was to investigate survival of the foodborne pathogens during storage at −18 ± 2°C for 12 weeks on blueberries after washing with: 500 ppm acetic acid plus 5,000 ppm sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (AA/SDS), 20 ppm peroxyacetic acid plus 5,000 ppm SDS (PPA/SDS), or 200 ppm hydrogen peroxide plus 5,000 ppm SDS (H2O2/SDS), when compared with findings from no wash, or wash with water, 80 ppm PPA or 200 ppm chlorinated water. Following a 60 s contact with one of the three new solutions, the treatments showed 3.3–3.9 log10 CFU/g reductions in Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 counts. After 2 weeks of frozen storage, 3.9–4.2 log10 CFU/g reductions of Salmonella and E. coli were observed. After 12 weeks of frozen storage, Salmonella and E. coli survivors were below detection limits (0.39 log10 CFU/g) in berries washed with new solutions. The frozen storage had a significant impact (p < .05) on microbial counts of both treated and nontreated blueberries. Although none of these washings decreased the total phenolic and anthocyanins contents and apparent quality at time 0, frozen storage caused significant damage on the texture of both treated and nontreated blueberries. Interestingly, no significant decrease in the total phenolic, anthocyanins content, and apparent quality was observed during the 12‐week frozen storage. The counts of total bacteria, yeasts, and molds decreased throughout storage for treated and untreated berries. This demonstrates that the three wash solutions enhance the safety of frozen berries.
Prevalence and patterns of fecal shedding of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli by cattle at a commercial feedlot in South Africa
Authors: Onyeka Libby Obumneke , Adesiyun Abiodun A. , Keddy Karen H. , Manqele Ayanda , Madoroba Evelyn , Thompson Peter Neil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHealthy colonized cattle are the major reservoir of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and play a key role in the entry point of the pathogen into the beef chain. Excretion rates and the concentration of the pathogen in feces influence the epidemiology and transmission of the pathogen within herds and to humans. This study evaluated the prevalence and dynamics of fecal shedding of STEC by cattle in a commercial feedlot in Gauteng, South Africa. An initial cross‐sectional survey was conducted; fecal samples were obtained from 106 randomly selected weaned beef calves on arrival at the feedlot using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to screen by detecting stx1 and stx2 genes. Subsequently, a longitudinal study was conducted, and 15 STEC‐positive and 11 STEC‐negative cattle were sampled monthly and followed to slaughter. STEC O157 and non‐O157 were enumerated in samples using commercial chromogenic agar. Initial prevalence of STEC shedding was 27% (29/106; 95% CI [19, 37%]). All 26 cattle shed STEC intermittently or continuously during the study period, all except one were super‐shedders (≥4 log10 CFU/g) at one or more samplings, and 19 (73%) were persistent or intermittent super‐shedders. Of the 38 STEC isolates recovered, 15 (39%) were serotypeable, representing 11 non‐O157 serogroups, including O101, O168, O178, and O68. The most frequent virulence combination profile was stx1 + eaeA + ehxA (n = 12; 32%). This study confirms the occurrence and variability of STEC super‐shedding in feedlot cattle and highlights that super‐shedding is not limited to STEC O157. It also shows their public health significance.