bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Dolls in the Swedish Media Discourse: Intimacy, Sexuality, and Technology
Authors: Björkas Robin , Larsson Mariah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSex dolls are a complex phenomenon with several diverse possible emotional, sexual and therapeutic uses. They can be part of a broad variety of sexual practices, and also function as a sexual aid. However, the media discourse on sex dolls first and foremost concerns how we perceive the relationship between intimacy and technology. A critical discourse analysis of the Swedish media discourse on sex dolls reveals six themes which dominate the discourse: (a) the definition of what a human being is; (b) a discourse on the (technological and existential) future; (c) a social effort; (d) a loveless phenomenon; (e) men’s violence against women; and (f) pedophilia. Accordingly, this discourse is very conservative and normative in its view of sexuality, technology, and humanity. Overall, the dominant themes do not provide any space for positive effects of technology on human sexuality, and if they do, it is usually as a substitute for something else.
Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes and plasma cells in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Kuroda Hajime , Jamiyan Tsengelmaa , Yamaguchi Rin , Kakumoto Akinari , Abe Akihito , Harada Oi , Enkhbat Bayarmaa , Masunaga Atsuko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Recent investigations have demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), is an important factor in tumor growth and development. While the prognostic correlation of tumor-infiltrating T cells has been widely studied in breast cancer, that of tumor-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells has not received so much attention, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods
We investigated 114 patients with TNBC who had surgery between 2006 and 2019 at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital. Intratumoral (i) TILs were considered to be lymphocytes within cancer cell nests and directly infiltrating tumor cells. Similarly, stromal (s) TILs were considered to be lymphocytes within the tumor stroma, but not directly infiltrating tumor cells. CD20 + , CD38 + and CD138 + staining was determined by estimating the number of positive B cells.

Results
sCD20 + TILs had prognostic significance for relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.043) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.027). The sCD38 + TILs were significantly related to favorable RFS (p = 0.042). iCD38, iCD138, and sCD138 was not significantly correlated with RFS (p = 0.065, p = 0.719, p = 0.074) or OS (p = 0.071, p = 0.689, p = 0.082).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that a high density of sCD20 + TILs was significantly related to favorable prognosis in both RFS and OS. Increased sCD38 + TILs in TNBC were correlated with a significantly favorable prognosis in RFS. These results indicate that TILs–B may have a profound influence on the clinical outcome of TNBC.
Simulation of the ground water flow in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Hussain Tariq Abed , Ismail Mueyad M. , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe investigation region is found in the central part of Iraq within the of Karbala Governorate, where it is located in the western part of the Governorate and Lake Razaza in the north of the region, while in the western and southern part of the region is Anbar Governorate and geographically (43° 10′ 25.7″, 43° 39″ 0.3″) longitude and (32° 10′ 25.7″, 32° 36′ 25.7″) latitude. The area of study is about 2400 Km2. The groundwater modeling system (GMS) v10.3 program was used for the modeling of ground water in the area containing about 22 wells distributed throughout the study area and the discharge of these wells ranges from 7 to 100 l/s and the rate of discharge of these wells up to 36 l/s. The model was initially operated within a steady state and after obtaining a match between the models results with the initial values of groundwater levels, the results of this case were adopted as inputs to run the model within the unsteady state. The model was worked within the sight of the above wells for 3 years and the results of the operation indicate a decrease in groundwater levels ranging from 2 to 21 m distributed uniformly throughout the study area.
Defining Rural Smartness and Its Impact: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mukti Iqbal Yulizar , Iacob Maria E. , Aldea Adina , Govindaraju Rajesri , van Hillegersberg Jos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe utilisation of information technology to facilitate “smartness” is considered as a promising approach to improve the rural economy. However, the explanation of how the adoption of smartness in rural areas can lead to an improvement in the citizen’s economic welfare is still lacking in current studies. This paper aims to formulate a theoretical model that explains the causal mechanism of smartness adoption in rural areas to contribute to the improvement of rural citizen’s economic welfare. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic literature review based on three research questions resulting in 119 selected articles, which we used to formulate a theoretical model. The proposed model posits that rural smartness has a mediating effect on the citizen’s economic welfare through its positive impact on the competitiveness and innovativeness of rural business entities. Additionally, the proposed theoretical model highlights the necessity of adopting a smart service platform, representing the IT artefact for smartness. We argue that the adoption of such a platform would have a significant moderating effect on the competitiveness and innovativeness of rural business entities. We also contribute a comprehensive set of candidate measures we extracted from the selected literature as operationalisation of the proposed model. In terms of contribution to practice, the proposed theoretical model can be used as the starting point to guide the diffusion of smartness in rural areas.
Emotion classification from speech signal based on empirical mode decomposition and non-linear features
Authors: Krishnan Palani Thanaraj , Joseph Raj Alex Noel , Rajangam Vijayarajan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmotion recognition system from speech signal is a widely researched topic in the design of the Human–Computer Interface (HCI) models, since it provides insights into the mental states of human beings. Often, it is required to identify the emotional condition of the humans as cognitive feedback in the HCI. In this paper, an attempt to recognize seven emotional states from speech signals, known as sad, angry, disgust, happy, surprise, pleasant, and neutral sentiment, is investigated. The proposed method employs a non-linear signal quantifying method based on randomness measure, known as the entropy feature, for the detection of emotions. Initially, the speech signals are decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF), where the IMF signals are divided into dominant frequency bands such as the high frequency, mid-frequency , and base frequency. The entropy measures are computed directly from the high-frequency band in the IMF domain. However, for the mid- and base-band frequencies, the IMFs are averaged and their entropy measures are computed. A feature vector is formed from the computed entropy measures incorporating the randomness feature for all the emotional signals. Then, the feature vector is used to train a few state-of-the-art classifiers, such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting Machine. A tenfold cross-validation, performed on a publicly available Toronto Emotional Speech dataset, illustrates that the LDA classifier presents a peak balanced accuracy of 93.3%, F1 score of 87.9%, and an area under the curve value of 0.995 in the recognition of emotions from speech signals of native English speakers.
Zirconium alloyed tungsten borides synthesized by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Garbiec Dariusz , Wiśniewska Maria , Psiuk Rafał , Denis Piotr , Levintant-Zayonts Neonila , Leshchynsky Volf , Rubach Rafał , Mościcki Tomasz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tungsten borides (WB
x
; x = 2.5 or 4.5) with an increasing substitution of tungsten by zirconium from 0 to 24 at.% were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) for the first time. The influence of the holding time (2.5–30 min) on the densification behavior, microstructure evolution and development of the properties of W–Zr–B compounds were studied. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructure analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, Vickers micro-indentation for microhardness measurements, tribological tests to determine the coefficient of friction and specific wear rate, as well as measurements of electrical conductivity. The XRD results confirm the presence of the WB4 phase in the microstructure, despite the high sintering temperature (1800 °C) and small overstoichiometric excess of boron (4.5) addition in the sintered samples. This is caused by the high heating rate (400 °C/min), short holding time (2.5 min) and addition of zirconium. The Vickers hardness (HV) values measured at 1 N are 24.8 ± 2.0 and 26.6 ± 1.8 GPa for 24 at.% zirconium in WB2.5 and for 0 at.% zirconium in WB4.5, respectively. In addition, the hardest sample (W0.76Zr0.24B2.5) showed electrical conductivity up to 3.961·106 S/m, which is similar to WC–Co cemented carbides. The friction and wear test results reveal the formation of a boron-based film which seems to play the role of a solid lubricant.
On a generalization of the Rényi–Srivastava characterization of the Poisson law
Authors: Pycke Jean-Renaud 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe give a new method of proof for a result of D. Pierre-Loti-Viaud and P. Boulongne which can be seen as a generalization of a characterization of Poisson law due to Rényi and Srivastava. We also provide explicit formulas, in terms of Bell polynomials, for the moments of the compound distributions occurring in the extended collective model in non-life insurance.
Ergodic control of diffusions with random intervention times
Authors: Saarinen Harto , Lempa Jukka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study an ergodic singular control problem with constraint of a regular one-dimensional linear diffusion. The constraint allows the agent to control the diffusion only at the jump times of an independent Poisson process. Under relatively weak assumptions, we characterize the optimal solution as an impulse-type control policy, where it is optimal to exert the exact amount of control needed to push the process to a unique threshold. Moreover, we discuss the connection of the present problem to ergodic singular control problems, and illustrate the results with different well-known cost and diffusion structures.
Diffusion approximations for randomly arriving expert opinions in a financial market with Gaussian drift
Authors: Sass Jörn , Westphal Dorothee , Wunderlich Ralf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates a financial market where stock returns depend on an unobservable Gaussian mean reverting drift process. Information on the drift is obtained from returns and randomly arriving discrete-time expert opinions. Drift estimates are based on Kalman filter techniques. We study the asymptotic behavior of the filter for high-frequency experts with variances that grow linearly with the arrival intensity. The derived limit theorems state that the information provided by discrete-time expert opinions is asymptotically the same as that from observing a certain diffusion process. These diffusion approximations are extremely helpful for deriving simplified approximate solutions of utility maximization problems.
SSP‐Based Land‐Use Change Scenarios: A Critical Uncertainty in Future Regional Climate Change Projections
Authors: Bukovsky Melissa S. , Gao Jing , Mearns Linda O. , O'Neill Brian C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo better understand the role projected land‐use changes (LUCs) may play in future regional climate projections, we assess the combined effects of greenhouse‐gas (GHG)‐forced climate change and LUCs in regional climate model (RCM) simulations. To do so, we produced RCM simulations that are complementary to the North‐American Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (NA‐CORDEX) simulations, but with future LUCs that are consistent with particular Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and related to a specific Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). We examine the state of the climate at the end of the 21st century with and without two urban and agricultural LUC scenarios that follow SSP3 and SSP5 using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model forced by one global climate model, the MPI‐ESM, under the RCP8.5 scenario. We find that LUCs following different societal trends under the SSPs can significantly affect climate projections in different ways. In regions of significant cropland expansion over previously forested area, projected annual mean temperature increases are diminished by around 0.5°C–1.0°C. Across all seasons, where urbanization is high, projected temperature increases are magnified. In particular, summer mean temperature projections are up to 4°C–5°C greater and minimum and maximum temperature projections are increased by 2.5°C–6°C, amounts that are on par with the warming due to GHG‐forced climate change. Warming is also enhanced in the urban surroundings. Future urbanization also has a large influence on precipitation projections during summer, increasing storm intensity, event length, and the overall amount over urbanized areas, and decreasing precipitation in surrounding areas.
First Observation of Magnetic Flux Rope Inside Electron Diffusion Region
Authors: Chen Z. Z. , Fu H. S. , Wang Z. , Guo Z. Z. , Xu Y. , Liu C. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetic flux ropes (MFRs) play a crucial role during magnetic reconnection. They are believed to be primarily generated by tearing mode instabilities in the electron diffusion region (EDR). However, they have never been observed inside the EDR. Here, we present the first observation of an MFR inside an EDR. The bifurcated nonforce‐free MFR, with a width of ∼27.5 de in the L direction and ∼4.8 de in the N direction, was moving away from the X‐line. Inside the MFR, strong energy dissipation was detected. The MFR can modulate the electric field in the EDR. We reconstructed magnetic topology of the electron‐scale MFR. Our study promotes understanding of MRFs’ initial state and its role in electron‐scale processes during magnetic reconnection.
Tropical Cyclone Integrated Kinetic Energy in an Ensemble of HighResMIP Simulations
Authors: Kreussler Philip , Caron Louis‐Philippe , Wild Simon , Loosveldt Tomas Saskia , Chauvin Fabrice , Moine Marie‐Pierre , Roberts Malcolm J. , Ruprich‐Robert Yohan , Seddon Jon , Valcke Sophie , Vannière Benoît , Vidale Pier Luigi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates tropical cyclone integrated kinetic energy, a measure which takes into account the intensity and the size of the storms and which is closely associated with their damage potential, in three different global climate models integrated following the HighResMIP protocol. In particular, the impact of horizontal resolution and of the ocean coupling are assessed. We find that, while the increase in resolution results in smaller and more intense storms, the integrated kinetic energy of individual cyclones remains relatively similar between the two configurations. On the other hand, atmosphere‐ocean coupling tends to reduce the size and the intensity of the storms, resulting in lower integrated kinetic energy in that configuration. Comparing cyclone integrated kinetic energy between a present and a future scenario did not reveal significant differences between the two periods.
Amplified Increases of Compound Hot Extremes Over Urban Land in China
Authors: Liao Weilin , Li Dan , Malyshev Sergey , Shevliakova Elena , Zhang Honghui , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsecutive hot periods without nighttime heat relief significantly increase mortality and morbidity rates. Using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model coupled with a newly developed and validated urban canopy model, changes in three types of summertime hot extremes, that is, independent hot days, independent hot nights, and compound hot events (CHEs), in the 21st century are quantified in China. Results indicate that all three types of hot extremes become more frequent, and CHEs are projected to be the dominant type at the end of this century under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 scenario. Furthermore, compared to the rural land, the urban land experiences even stronger increases in CHEs in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity. These faster increases of CHEs in urban areas highlight the urgency of developing and implementing mitigation and adaptation strategies to combat the adverse health effects of global warming and urban heat islands.
Mesospheric Q2DW Interactions With Four Migrating Tides at 53°N Latitude: Zonal Wavenumber Identification Through Dual‐Station Approaches
Authors: He Maosheng , Forbes Jeffrey M. , Li Guozhu , Jacobi Christoph , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMesospheric winds from two longitudinal sectors at 53°N latitude are combined to investigate quasi‐two‐day waves (Q2DWs) and their nonlinear interactions with tides. In a summer 2019 case study, we diagnose the zonal wavenumber m of spectral peaks at expected frequencies through two dual‐station approaches, a phase differencing technique (PDT) on individual spectral peaks and a least squares procedure on family batched peaks. Consistent results from the approaches verify the occurrences of Rossby‐gravity modes (m = 3 and 4 at periods T = 2.1 and 1.7 days), and their secondary waves (SWs) generated from interactions with diurnal, semi‐diurnal, ter‐diurnal, and quatra‐diurnal migrating tides. We further extend the PDT to 2012–2019, illustrating that Q2DWs exhibit significant interannual variability. Composite analysis reveals seasonal and altitude variations of the Rossby‐gravity modes and their SWs. The Rossby‐gravity modes maximize in local summer, whereas their 16‐ and 9.6‐h SWs appear more in winter.
Earthquake Swarm Detection Along the Hikurangi Trench, New Zealand: Insights Into the Relationship Between Seismicity and Slow Slip Events
Authors: Nishikawa Tomoaki , Nishimura Takuya , Okada Yutaro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEarthquake swarms, which are anomalous increases in the seismicity rate without a distinguishable mainshock, often accompany transient aseismic processes, such as fluid migration and episodic aseismic slip along faults. Investigations of earthquake swarm activity can provide insights into the causal relationship between aseismic processes and seismicity. Slow slip events (SSEs) along the plate interface in the Hikurangi Trench, New Zealand, are often accompanied by intensive earthquake swarms. However, the detailed spatiotemporal distribution of these earthquake swarms is still unclear. Here, we use the epidemic‐type aftershock‐sequence (ETAS) model to detect earthquake swarms (M ≥ 3) and create a new earthquake swarm catalog (1997–2015) along the Hikurangi Trench. We compare the earthquake swarm catalog with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series data, and existing SSE and tectonic tremor catalogs. Most of the detected (119) earthquake swarm sequences were intraplate events, and their epicenters were mainly concentrated along the east coast of the North Island, whereas many tectonic tremors were located inland. Twenty‐five of the detected earthquake swarms occurred within 25 days before and after transient eastward GNSS displacements due to known or newly detected SSEs. We find that the earthquake swarms sometimes preceded the GNSS displacements by more than several days. SSE‐induced stress loading is therefore not a plausible triggering mechanism for these pre‐SSE earthquake swarms. We propose that high fluid pressure within the slab, which accumulated before the SSEs, may have caused intraplate fluid migration, which in turn triggered the pre‐SSE earthquake swarms.
Can the Topography of Tibetan Plateau Affect the Antarctic Bottom Water?
Authors: Wen Qin , Zhu Chenyu , Han Zixuan , Liu Zhengyu , Yang Haijun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays a vital role in shaping global climate. So far, however, few studies have focused on the impact of the TP on Southern Ocean (SO) circulation. Through fully coupled model experiments with and without the TP, we find that removing the TP could eventually enhance Antarctic bottom water (AABW) circulation by generating Rossby wave trains that propagate from the tropical Indo‐Pacific to Amundsen‐Bellingshausen Sea. The surface air temperature (SAT) cools over the Antarctic Peninsula, which then leads to increased brine injection and thus the initial enhancement of AABW. Later on, the increased horizontal salinity transport and oceanic vertical mixing over Bellingshausen Sea further strengthen the AABW. These findings imply that long term changes of AABW can be affected by not only local process but also remote forcing, including those from the Asian highland regions.
ArchR is a scalable software package for integrative single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis
Authors: Granja Jeffrey M. , Corces M. Ryan , Pierce Sarah E. , Bagdatli S. Tansu , Choudhry Hani , Chang Howard Y. , Greenleaf William J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe advent of single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling has accelerated the ability to map gene regulatory landscapes but has outpaced the development of scalable software to rapidly extract biological meaning from these data. Here we present a software suite for single-cell analysis of regulatory chromatin in R (ArchR; https://www.archrproject.com/) that enables fast and comprehensive analysis of single-cell chromatin accessibility data. ArchR provides an intuitive, user-focused interface for complex single-cell analyses, including doublet removal, single-cell clustering and cell type identification, unified peak set generation, cellular trajectory identification, DNA element-to-gene linkage, transcription factor footprinting, mRNA expression level prediction from chromatin accessibility and multi-omic integration with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Enabling the analysis of over 1.2 million single cells within 8 h on a standard Unix laptop, ArchR is a comprehensive software suite for end-to-end analysis of single-cell chromatin accessibility that will accelerate the understanding of gene regulation at the resolution of individual cells.
Computer-assisted catalyst development via automated modelling of conformationally complex molecules: application to diphosphinoamine ligands
Authors: Lin Sibo , Fromer Jenna C. , Ghosh Yagnaseni , Hanna Brian , Elanany Mohamed , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSimulation of conformationally complicated molecules requires multiple levels of theory to obtain accurate thermodynamics, requiring significant researcher time to implement. We automate this workflow using all open-source code (XTBDFT) and apply it toward a practical challenge: diphosphinoamine (PNP) ligands used for ethylene tetramerization catalysis may isomerize (with deleterious effects) to iminobisphosphines (PPNs), and a computational method to evaluate PNP ligand candidates would save significant experimental effort. We use XTBDFT to calculate the thermodynamic stability of a wide range of conformationally complex PNP ligands against isomeriation to PPN (ΔGPPN), and establish a strong correlation between ΔGPPN and catalyst performance. Finally, we apply our method to screen novel PNP candidates, saving significant time by ruling out candidates with non-trivial synthetic routes and poor expected catalytic performance.