bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance investigation of PM-based wavelength remodulation scheme in bidirectional TWDM-PON
Authors: Liu Changqing , Ding Qing-an , Song Juan , Zhang Lijun , Wang Xiaojuan , Nie Bowen , Li Chaofan , Cheng Xudong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Signal remodulation mechanism is a promising cost-effective choice for future optical access networks. This paper investigates the scheme of the phase modulator to remodulate upstream data in the bidirectional WDM PON and TWDM PON system. The simulation results of downstream is carried out using two data formats such as RZ and NRZ at varying lengths of single mode fibers in this scheme. In addition, the upstream transmission compares different remodulators such as Phase modulator, Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) and Electroabsorption modulator. By analyzing the eye diagram and Q-value, the performance of upstream and downstream transmission is obtained. It is observed that the PM remodulation TWDM-PON with NRZ modulation format has better performance, which is a rational solution for NG-PON2 cost-effectiveness.
The Behavior of Divorce Rates: A Smooth Transition Regression Approach
Authors: Korhonen Marko , Puhakka Mikko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe explore the behavior of the divorce rates in 17 OECD countries for the period 1960–2010. Many studies have found persistence in divorce rates after changes in divorce laws. We formulate a nonlinear model to explain the behavior of divorce rates, over time, after a large change in divorce rate, including changes in divorce laws.We argue that the stationary smooth transition regression (STR) approach is useful in analyzing divorce rates. We reject the persistence result and, in addition, provide evidence on asymmetries in divorce rates. This suggests that one should be careful when interpreting the effects of the changes in divorce rates (especially changes in the divorce and family laws) on divorce rates.
Predominance of Gram-negative infections a cause of neonatal sepsis among low birth weight preterm infants
Authors: Bai Xinlu , Wei Qiang , Duan Taimei , Yi Yuling , Peng Hong , Hu Liyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Neonatal sepsis continues to be a leading and most important cause of mortality among low birth weight (LBW) preterm infants.

Methods
The study group included 226 LBW preterm infants with sepsis. A total of 100 normal birth weight infants with sepsis served as control. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected for microbiological culture and processed according to standard protocol. Antibiotic resistance patterns were performed following standard guidelines.

Results
Out of 226 LBW preterm infants 106 (46.9%) showed positive blood culture, of which 52 (49%) Escherichia coli, 28 (26.4%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 12 (11.32%) Enterobacter spp., 4 (3.7%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 (1.88%) Acinetobacter spp., 5 (4.7%) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 3 (2.8%) Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated. Out of 100 control group infants, 46 (46%) showed positive blood cultures, of which 18 (39.1%) E. coli, 12 (26.08%) Enterobacter spp., 8 (17.39%) K. pneumoniae, 1 (2.17%) P. aeruginosa, 2 (4.34%) MRSA, 3 (6.52%) S. epidermidis and 2 (4.34%) Candida spp. were isolated. Cephalosporin and Penicillin group showed highest resistance with 58 and 52%, respectively. Aminoglycosides showed 22% resistance. The control group showed highest resistance of 62% to the Penicillin group, 54% cephalosporin and 18% for aminoglycosides.

Conclusions
Our study highlights on the surveillance of resistant pathogens causing sepsis in LBW preterm infants emphasizing antimicrobial stewardship to control the mortality rate.
Evaluating Public Library Events using a Combination of Methods
Authors: Pisanski Jan , Švab Katarina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPublic libraries hold an increasing number of events, where they face the very important, but often neglected, challenge of evaluation. This paper presents various studies performed to evaluate events for adults at the largest public library in Slovenia, Mestna knjižnica Ljubljana (Ljubljana City Library). A combination of methods was used: content analysis of library website and promotional brochures, interviews with both attendees and librarians, observation of events and a relatively large survey. Additionally, based on this research, seven personas representing typical user groups of events for adults were developed. While attendees were generally highly satisfied with the existing events, our research found room for improvement, especially regarding planning for particular user groups, scheduling and topical diversity of events and promotion aimed at both existing and potential visitors. Based on this research, Ljubljana City Library prepared guidelines for their future events for adults. Additionally, the general outline of the evaluation should be of benefit to any library regardless of type, size or location.
Role-reference associations and the explanation of argument coding splits
Authors: Haspelmath Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArgument coding splits such as differential (= split) object marking and split ergative marking have long been known to be universal tendencies, but the generalizations have not been formulated in their full generality before. In particular, ditransitive constructions have rarely been taken into account, and scenario splits have often been treated separately. Here I argue that all these patterns can be understood in terms of the usual association of role rank (highly ranked A and R, low-ranked P and T) and referential prominence (locuphoric person, animacy, definiteness, etc.). At the most general level, the role-reference association universal says that deviations from usual associations of role rank and referential prominence tend to be coded by longer grammatical forms. In other words, A and R tend to be referentially prominent in language use, while P and T are less prominent, and when less usual associations need to be expressed, languages often require special coding by means of additional flags (case-markers and adpositions) or additional verbal voice coding (e.g., inverse or passive markers). I argue that role-reference associations are an instance of the even more general pattern of form-frequency correspondences, and that the resulting coding asymmetries can all be explained by frequency-based predictability and coding efficiency.
Thenice-of-youconstruction and its fragments
Authors: Goldberg Adele E. , Herbst Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article argues that a usage-based construction (a conventional pairing of form and function) is required to account for a certain pattern of English exemplified by e.g.,it’s nice of you to read this. Contemporary corpus and survey data reveal that the construction is strongly associated with certain adjectives (e.g.,nice, good) over others, while diachronic data demonstrate that the construction’s overall frequency has systematically waxed and waned over the past century. The construction’s unique function – namely to concisely convey a judgment regarding how an action reflects on the agent of the action – enables us to predict many observations about its distribution without stipulation. These include restrictions on the interpretation of adjectives that occur in the construction, its infinitive complement, the modal verbs that may appear in it and its ability to be embedded. We further observe that certain conventional fragments of the construction evoke the semantics of the entire construction. Finally, we situate the construction within a network of related constructions, as part of a speaker’s “construct-i-con”.
On the dependence structure and quality of scrambled (t, m, s)-nets
Authors: Wiart Jaspar , Lemieux Christiane , Dong Gracia Y. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper we develop a framework to study the dependence structure of scrambled

(
t
,
m
,
s
)

{(t,m,s)}

-nets. It relies on values denoted by

C
b

⁢

(
𝒌
;

P
n

)

{C_{b}({\boldsymbol{k}};P_{n})}

, which are related to how many distinct pairs of points from

P
n

{P_{n}}

lie in the same elementary

𝒌

{{\boldsymbol{k}}}

-interval in base b. These values quantify the equidistribution properties of

P
n

{P_{n}}

in a more informative way than the parameter t. They also play a key role in determining if a scrambled set

P
~

n

{\widetilde{P}_{n}}

is negative lower orthant dependent (NLOD). Indeed, this property holds if and only if

C
b

⁢

(
𝒌
;

P
n

)

≤
1

{C_{b}({\boldsymbol{k}};P_{n})\leq 1}

for all

𝒌
∈

ℕ
s

{{\boldsymbol{k}}\in\mathbb{N}^{s}}

, which in turn implies that a scrambled digital

(
t
,
m
,
s
)

{(t,m,s)}

-net in base b is NLOD if and only if

t
=
0

{t=0}

. Through numerical examples we demonstrate that these

C
b

⁢

(
𝒌
;

P
n

)

{C_{b}({\boldsymbol{k}};P_{n})}

values are a powerful tool to compare the quality of different

(
t
,
m
,
s
)

{(t,m,s)}

-nets, and to enhance our understanding of how scrambling can improve the quality of deterministic point sets.
Automatic control variates for option pricing using neural networks
Authors: El Filali Ech-Chafiq Zineb , Lelong Jérôme , Reghai Adil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Many pricing problems boil down to the computation of a high-dimensional integral, which is usually estimated using Monte Carlo. In fact, the accuracy of a Monte Carlo estimator with M simulations is given by

σ

M

{\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{M}}}

. Meaning that its convergence is immune to the dimension of the problem. However, this convergence can be relatively slow depending on the variance σ of the function to be integrated. To resolve such a problem, one would perform some variance reduction techniques such as importance sampling, stratification, or control variates. In this paper, we will study two approaches for improving the convergence of Monte Carlo using Neural Networks. The first approach relies on the fact that many high-dimensional financial problems are of low effective dimensions.
We expose a method to reduce the dimension of such problems in order to keep only the necessary variables. The integration can then be done using fast numerical integration techniques such as Gaussian quadrature. The second approach consists in building an automatic control variate using neural networks. We learn the function to be integrated (which incorporates the diffusion model plus the payoff function) in order to build a network that is highly correlated to it. As the network that we use can be integrated exactly, we can use it as a control variate.
Potential role of IFN-γ and IL-5 in sepsis prediction of preterm neonates
Authors: Vucic Jelena , Vucic Miodrag , Stankovic Tatjana , Stamenkovic Hristina , Stankovic Sandra , Zlatanovic Dragan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Not fully maturated immune system in preterm neonates may contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection. The levels of some cytokines can be useful in the prediction and diagnosis of sepsis in premature neonates. In the present study, we evaluated the potential predictive role of IFN-γ and IL-5 in cord and venous blood, together with the determination of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (PCT) for sepsis development in premature neonates. A total of 80 participants were included. The laboratory results and clinical histories showed that 21 participants had sepsis. Early onset sepsis was detected in 3 patients while late onset sepsis was observed in 18 participants. The venous plasma levels of IFN-γ and PCT was markedly increased in sepsis groups when compared to the participants without sepsis. On the other hand, levels of IL-5 did not significantly change in the evaluated groups of sepsis and in the control group of participants. Simultaneously, plasma venous levels were not altered in any of the evaluated groups. Obtained findings suggest that venous plasma levels of IFN-γ, rather than levels of IFN-γ in cord blood plasma, and PCT may have predictive potential for sepsis development in preterm neonates. Further studies are necessary to get more comprehension of the complex function of cytokines for sepsis development in preterm neonates.
Mystery solved: Who are TESOL faculty at US universities?
Authors: Andrei Elena , Abutaleb Karmel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It is important for college students and future TESOL teachers to see someone like them among their instructors and mentors. Diverse future teachers who are trained in TESOL might be attracted to the profession based on who their teacher educators are in terms of gender, multilingualism, international studies, and/or work experience. The question for this study is: Who are TESOL (teaching English to speakers of other languages) faculty at US universities? Data on faculty who are specialists and in charge of TESOL programs was collected from publicly available university websites, specifically from 209 higher education institutions from a random sample of 34 US states. The data collected includes 511 TESOL faculty. Descriptive statistics paint a portrait of who TESOL faculty in the US are.
Culturally responsive literacy instruction: How is it reflected in the literature?
Authors: Dukes Charles , Ming Kavin M. , Finnegan Lisa A. , Miller Katie M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The theoretical base for culturally responsive practices is well established. This strong foundation can be strengthened through the identification and description of the empirical work demonstrating the utility of these practices when used to promote skill development in children. The purpose of this qualitative review of the literature was to identify empirical studies that implemented a culturally relevant literacy practice. Twelve journals that publish work in reading/literacy were selected for review, between 2006 and 2018. Articles were coded using a system based on the culturally responsive framework identified from the extant literature detailing the theoretical base for culturally responsive pedagogy. Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria for the review. Three themes emerged related to teaching and learning. Teachers often utilized materials that were culturally specific as a part of their instruction. Students tapped into their cultural identities/backgrounds as a framework to build meaning and used their home language in class to ease discussion or reflection on readings. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Injection locking in an optomechanical coherent phonon source
Authors: Arregui Guillermo , Colombano Martín F. , Maire Jeremie , Pitanti Alessandro , Capuj Néstor E. , Griol Amadeu , Martínez Alejandro , Sotomayor-Torres Clivia M. , Navarro-Urrios Daniel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Spontaneous locking of the phase of a coherent phonon source to an external reference is demonstrated in a deeply sideband-unresolved optomechanical system. The high-amplitude mechanical oscillations are driven by the anharmonic modulation of the radiation pressure force that result from an absorption-mediated free-carrier/temperature limit cycle, i.e., self-pulsing. Synchronization is observed when the pump laser driving the mechanical oscillator to a self-sustained state is modulated by a radiofrequency tone. We employ a pump-probe phonon detection scheme based on an independent optical cavity to observe only the mechanical oscillator dynamics. The lock range of the oscillation frequency, i.e., the Arnold tongue, is experimentally determined over a range of external reference strengths, evidencing the possibility to tune the oscillator frequency for a range up to 350 kHz. The stability of the coherent phonon source is evaluated via its phase noise, with a maximum achieved suppression of 44 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset for a 100 MHz mechanical resonator. Introducing a weak modulation in the excitation laser reveals as a further knob to trigger, control and stabilize the dynamical solutions of self-pulsing based optomechanical oscillators, thus enhancing their potential as acoustic wave sources in a single-layer silicon platform.
All-dielectric chiral coding metasurface based on spin-decoupling in terahertz band
Authors: Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Wang Guocui , Li Jitao , Wang Silei , Li Mengyao , Zhao Hongliang , Yue Zhen , Zhang Yating , Zhang Yan , Yao Jianquan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Metamaterials can achieve superior electromagnetic properties over natural materials by adjusting the structure of the meta-atoms. Chiral metamaterials have been widely used in circular dichroism (CD) spectra, polarization imaging, and optical sensing. Here we propose a kind of all-silicon coding metasurfaces to achieve the function similar to chirality by spin decoupling. One of the two circularly polarized (CP) channels is scattered randomly, and the desired function is only designed in the other opposite CP channel. Three kinds of coding metasurfaces are designed to verify the reliability of such approach: one simultaneously possessing dual function of transmitting directly and scattering randomly, one capable of generating the superposition state of vortex beam, and the other generating the Bessel vortex beam, respectively. And some experimental verifications are carried out. This scheme is simpler and more versatile than previous schemes which require elaborate designed structure of the meta-atoms. Our novel approach provides a new option for implementing tunable chirality.
Parity-time symmetry and coherent perfect absorption in a cooperative atom response
Authors: Ballantine Kyle E. , Ruostekoski Janne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Parity-Time (

P
T

$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$

) symmetry has become an important concept in the design of synthetic optical materials, with exotic functionalities such as unidirectional transport and nonreciprocal reflection. At exceptional points, this symmetry is spontaneously broken, and solutions transition from those with conserved intensity to exponential growth or decay. Here, we analyze a quantum-photonic surface formed by a single layer of atoms in an array with light mediating strong cooperative many-body interactions. We show how delocalized collective excitation eigenmodes can exhibit an effective

P
T

$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$

symmetry and nonexponential decay. This effective symmetry is achieved in a passive system without gain by balancing the scattering of a bright mode with the loss from a subradiant dark mode. These modes coalesce at exceptional points, evidenced by the emergence of coherent perfect absorption where coherent incoming light is perfectly absorbed and scattered only incoherently. We also show how

P
T

$\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$

symmetry can be generated in total reflection and by balancing scattering and loss between different polarizations of collective modes.
The crystal structure of bis(μ2-5-chloro-2-oxido-N-(1-oxidoethylidene)benzohydrazonato-κ5
N,O,O′:N′,O′′)hexkis(pyridine-κ1
N)trinickel(II) - pyridine (1/1), C63H57Cl2N13Ni3O6
Authors: Yang Liguo , Wang Xin , Luo Dan , Liu Nana , Tian Dayong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C63H57Cl2N13Ni3O6, monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

, a = 16.136(4) Å, b = 16.432(4) Å, c = 23.881(6) Å, β = 101.900(3)°, V = 6196(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0461, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1357, T = 298 K [1], [2], [3].
The crystal structure of 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2-(3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazole, C24H16Br2FN3S
Authors: Baashen Mohammed A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C24H16Br2FN3S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.9517(9) Å, b = 5.4857(3) Å, c = 27.9582(17) Å, β = 102.434(6)°, V = 2239.4(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0444, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1237, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 2,6-bis(2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone, C24H18N4O4
Authors: Jeong Yu Jeong , Park Juhyeon , Min Ahreum , Kim Tae Ho , Choi Myong Yong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C24H18N4O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 16.5930(5) Å, b = 5.7298(2) Å, c = 20.8714(6) Å, β = 99.8620(10)°, V = 1955.02(11) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0415, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1115, T = 193 K.
Crystal structure of 4-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione, C14H15F2NO2
Authors: Li Huixing , Han Xinlong , Cao Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C14H15F2NO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.5474(10) Å, b = 11.0737(7) Å, c = 11.4311(10) Å, β = 114.979(11)°, V = 1325.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0738, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2034, T = 293(2) K.
Zur Befestigung: Verteidigungsanlage und Prestigebau
Authors: Heske Immo , Posselt Martin 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
In den zurückliegenden Jahren wurde die Außensiedlung der Hünenburg bei Watenstedt intensiv weiträumig prospektiert und ausschnittsweise archäologisch untersucht. Die Forschungen erbrachten vielfältige Einblicke in den Formenbestand der Keramik, die wirtschaftliche Struktur, Belege für die rituelle Nutzung in differenzierten Kontexten und die chronologische Entwicklung des Siedlungsareals. Der Forschungsstand zur eigentlichen Befestigung konnte nach den Grabungen bis 2000 nicht mehr erweitert werden. Im Rahmen des im Jahr 2013 begonnenen DFG-Forschungsprojektes „Landschafts- und Ressourcennutzung in der jüngeren Bronzezeit am Heeseberg (nördliches Harzvorland) im Spannungsfeld von Herrschaft, Handwerk und Kult“, war es zunächst Aufgabe, das direkte Wallvorfeld zu untersuchen, an diese Aufgaben schloss sich auch ein Wallschnitt an. Die Befunde lassen auf Einbauten, Räume oder Kasematten im Wall schließen. Es konnten in diesem Befundkontext auch „Speichergruben“ im Wall entdeckt werden.
Anschließend wurde der Innenraum der Hünenburg vollständig geophysikalisch prospektiert. Die Messungen liefern Hinweise auf Erosionsmerkmale innerhalb der Anlage. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind jedoch die vielfältigen Grabensysteme im Innenraum, die u. a. eine vorwallzeitliche Befestigungsphase belegen. Mit den bisherigen Untersuchungen und anschließenden Ausgrabungen lassen sich Hinweise auf die zeitliche Strukturierung gewinnen. Diese erfordern, das fortifikatorische Konzept der Befestigungsanlage in ihrer Frühphase und den folgenden Aus- und Umbau der Wallstrukturen einer neuen Bewertung zu unterziehen.
Organometallic complexes of neodymium: an overview of synthetic methodologies based on coordinating elements
Authors: Asif Adeena , Nadeem Rana Yasir , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Bibi Shamsa , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Organometallic complexes of neodymium have unique coordinating ability to form both micro and macromolecules as well as metal-based polymers. These complexes have been reported in different fields and play a tremendous role in luminescence, catalytic, biological and magnetic applications. So, the current study will comprise all possible routes for the synthesis of organometallic complexes of neodymium. Neodymium complexes have been synthesized of single, double, triple and tetra linkages with H, C, N, O as well as S, B, and X. The detailed synthetic routes have been classified into four categories but in brief, neodymium forms complexes by reacting metal chloride, nitrate or oxide (hydrated or dehydrated) as precursor along with appropriate ligand. Most applied solvents for neodymium complexes were Toluene and THF. These complexes required a range of temperature based on the nature of complexes as well as linkages. The authors have surveyed the research work published through 2011–2020 and provide a comprehensive overview to understand the synthetic routes of organometallic complexes of neodymium.