bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear two-dimensional free surface solutions of flow exiting a pipe and impacting a wedge
Authors: Doak Alex , Vanden-Broeck Jean-Marc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper concerns the flow of fluid exiting a two-dimensional pipe and impacting an infinite wedge. Where the flow leaves the pipe there is a free surface between the fluid and a passive gas. The model is a generalisation of both plane bubbles and flow impacting a flat plate. In the absence of gravity and surface tension, an exact free streamline solution is derived. We also construct two numerical schemes to compute solutions with the inclusion of surface tension and gravity. The first method involves mapping the flow to the lower half-plane, where an integral equation concerning only boundary values is derived. This integral equation is solved numerically. The second method involves conformally mapping the flow domain onto a unit disc in the s-plane. The unknowns are then expressed as a power series in s. The series is truncated, and the coefficients are solved numerically. The boundary integral method has the additional advantage that it allows for solutions with waves in the far-field, as discussed later. Good agreement between the two numerical methods and the exact free streamline solution provides a check on the numerical schemes.
Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanocomposites as Antifouling Coating on Sensor Housing Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue , Mikkelsen Øyvind 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThese days, sensors are widely used in a variety of underwater sites like marine monitoring, fish-farming and water quality monitoring. However, to achieve reliable sensor data from long-term monitoring in aqueous solution, several challenges still need to be solved. Biofilm formation both on sensor housings and membranes is among one of the most serious challenges, which strongly influences the sensor responds and the validity of the results. To prevent biofilm growth, a series of graphene oxide (GO)/silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) nanocomposites (GOA) have been developed and coated on sensor housing materials, e.g. polypropylene. The antifouling property of the GOA nanocomposite has been demonstrated by antifouling tests using Halomonas. Pacifica (Baumann et al.) Dobson and Franzmann (ATCC® 27122) (H. Pacifica) and a mixture of marine algae. The antifouling property of GOA composites has been proved to be closely related to the dispersibility of Ag NP. The overall work might provide valuable insight into developing antifouling materials for sensors in general.
Structured Digital Self-Assessment of Patient Anamnesis Prior to Computed Tomography: Performance Evaluation and Added Value
Authors: Kopp M. , Wetzl M. , Geissler F. , Roth J. P. , Wallner R. , Hoefler D. , Faby S. , Allmendinger T. , Amarteifio P. , Wuest W. , Cavallaro A. , Uder M. , May M. S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a tablet-based, digitized structured self-assessment (DSSA) of patient anamnesis (PA) prior to computed tomography (CT). Of the 317 patients consecutively referred for CT, the majority (n = 294) was able to complete the tablet-based questionnaire, which consisted of 67 items covering social anamnesis, lifestyle factors (e.g., tobacco abuse), medical history (e.g., kidney diseases), current symptoms, and the usability of the system. Patients were able to mark unclear questions for a subsequent discussion with the radiologist. Critical issues for the CT examination were structured and automatically highlighted as “red flags” (RFs) in order to improve patient interaction. RFs and marked questions were highly prevalent (69.5% and 26%). Missing creatinine values (33.3%), kidney diseases (14.4%), thyroid diseases (10.6%), metformin (5.5%), claustrophobia (4.1%), allergic reactions to contrast agents (2.4%), and pathological TSH values (2.0%) were highlighted most frequently as RFs. Patient feedback regarding the comprehensibility of the questionnaire and the tablet usability was mainly positive (90.9%; 86.2%). With advanced age, however, patients provided more negative feedback for both (p = 0.007; p = 0.039). The time effort was less than 20 min for 85.1% of patients, and faster patients were significantly younger (p = 0.046). Overall, the DSSA of PA prior to CT shows a high success rate and is well accepted by most patients. RFs and marked questions were common and helped to focus patients’ interactions and reporting towards decisive aspects.
Idiosyncratic volatility, option-based measures of informed trading, and investor attention
Authors: Mohrschladt Hannes , Schneider Judith C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe establish a direct link between sophisticated investors in the option market, private stock market investors, and the idiosyncratic volatility (IVol) puzzle. To do so, we employ three option-based volatility spreads and attention data from Google Trends. In line with the IVol puzzle, the volatility spreads indicate that sophisticated investors indeed consider high-IVol stocks as being overvalued. Moreover, the option measures help to distinguish overpriced from fairly priced high-IVol stocks. Thus, these measures are able to predict the IVol puzzle’s magnitude in the cross-section of stock returns. Further, we link the origin of the IVol puzzle to the trading activity of irrational private investors as the return predictability only exists among stocks that receive a high level of private investor attention. Overall, our joint examination of option and stock markets sheds light on the behavior of different investor groups and their contribution to the IVol puzzle. Thereby, our analyses support the intuitive idea that noise trading leads to mispricing, which is identified by sophisticated investors and exploited in the option market.
Accelerating iterative CT reconstruction algorithms using Tensor Cores
Authors: Nourazar Mohsen , Goossens Bart 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTensor Cores are specialized hardware units added to recent NVIDIA GPUs to speed up matrix multiplication-related tasks, such as convolutions and densely connected layers in neural networks. Due to their specific hardware implementation and programming model, Tensor Cores cannot be straightforwardly applied to other applications outside machine learning. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of using NVIDIA Tensor Cores for the acceleration of a non-machine learning application: iterative Computed Tomography (CT) reconstruction. For large CT images and real-time CT scanning, the reconstruction time for many existing iterative reconstruction methods is relatively high, ranging from seconds to minutes, depending on the size of the image. Therefore, CT reconstruction is an application area that could potentially benefit from Tensor Core hardware acceleration. We first studied the reconstruction algorithm’s performance as a function of the hardware related parameters and proposed an approach to accelerate reconstruction on Tensor Cores. The results show that the proposed method provides about 5$$\times $$×increase in speed and energy saving using the NVIDIA RTX 2080 Ti GPU for the parallel projection of 32 images of size$$512\times 512$$512×512. The relative reconstruction error due to the mixed-precision computations was almost equal to the error of single-precision (32-bit) floating-point computations. We then presented an approach for real-time and memory-limited applications by exploiting the symmetry of the system (i.e., the acquisition geometry). As the proposed approach is based on the conjugate gradient method, it can be generalized to extend its application to many research and industrial fields.
Veränderte Kompetenzanforderungen an Mitarbeitende infolge zunehmender Automatisierung – Eine Arbeitsfeldbetrachtung
Authors: Rieth Michèle , Hagemann Vera 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf einer Arbeitsfeldbetrachtung im Bereich der Flugsicherung in Österreich und der Schweiz liefert dieser Artikel der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) einen Überblick über automatisierungsbedingte Veränderungen und die daraus resultierenden neuen Kompetenzanforderungen an die Beschäftigten im Hochverantwortungsbereich. Bestehende Tätigkeitsstrukturen und Arbeitsrollen verändern sich infolge zunehmender Automatisierung grundlegend, sodass Organisationen neuen Herausforderungen gegenüberstehen und sich neue Kompetenzanforderungen an Mitarbeitende ergeben. Auf Grundlage von 9 problemzentrierten Interviews mit Fluglotsen sowie 4 problemzentrierten Interviews mit Piloten werden die Veränderungen infolge zunehmender Automatisierung und die daraus resultierenden neuen Kompetenzanforderungen an die Beschäftigten in einer High Reliability Organization dargestellt. Dieser Organisationskontext blieb bisher in der wissenschaftlichen Debatte um neue Kompetenzen infolge von Automatisierung weitestgehend unberücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Mensch in High Reliability Organizations durch Technik zwar entlastet und unterstützt werden kann, aber nicht zu ersetzen ist. Die Rolle des Menschen wird im Sinne eines Systemüberwachenden passiver, wodurch die Gefahr eines Fähigkeitsverlustes resultiert und der eigene Einfluss der Beschäftigten abnimmt. Ferner scheinen die Anforderungen, denen sie sich infolge zunehmender Automatisierung gegenüberstehen sehen, zuzunehmen, was in einem Spannungsfeld zu ihrer passiven Rolle zu stehen scheint. Die Erkenntnisse werden diskutiert und praktische Implikationen für das Kompetenzmanagement und die Arbeitsgestaltung zur Minimierung der identifizierten restriktiven Arbeitsbedingungen abgeleitet.
„The King’s Speech“ oder „My Castle, my Rules“ – Zur Prozessgestaltung in der Beratung
Authors: Bachmann Thomas 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungAnhand der Art und Weise, wie der Therapeut im Film „The King’s Speech“ (GBR, USA, AUS, 2010) die Arbeitsbeziehung gestaltet, wird die Verantwortungsdynamik in einem ko-kreativen Veränderungsprozess beschrieben und analysiert. Es werden Elemente der Beziehungsgestaltung für Therapie, Coaching und Beratung dargestellt und Handlungsmöglichkeiten für die Auftragsklärung abgeleitet.
Influence of ballroom dancing on fatigue, body image, self-efficacy, and endurance of cancer patients and their partners
Authors: Thieser S. , Dörfler J. , Rudolph I. , Wozniak T. , Schmidt T. , Hübner J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhysical activity has a high importance for cancer patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of ballroom dancing on fatigue, body image, self-efficacy, and functional exercise capacity for patients with cancer. We collected data among participants of a regular dance training program for cancer patients with a questionnaire including the Body Image Scale (BIS), Brief Fatigue inventory (BFI), Short Scale for Measuring General Self-efficacy Beliefs (ASKU), and the 6-min walking test (6-MWT). 66 participants took part in the study, and among them, 39 participants also engaged in the 6-MWT: dance experience and the weeks of dance training were significantly associated with a higher walking distance in the 6-MWT. Participants with dance experience showed higher self-efficacy scores than participants without. Participants rated the influence of dancing on partnership positively. However, the dance training had no significant effects on fatigue or body image. Ballroom dancing may improve functional exercise capacity, and dance experience may be associated with a high self-efficacy and active lifestyle, which can be beneficial for cancer patients during and after treatment. Further studies are needed to assess the influence of ballroom dancing more deeply on physical activity and fitness and to learn more on impact on the partnership. As ballroom dancing seems to improve physical activity and wellbeing and can promote intimacy between partners, this intervention has the potential to support cancer survivors in various levels.
Combined effects of human pressures on Europe’s marine ecosystems
Authors: Korpinen Samuli , Laamanen Leena , Bergström Lena , Nurmi Marco , Andersen Jesper H. , Haapaniemi Juuso , Harvey E. Therese , Murray Ciaran J. , Peterlin Monika , Kallenbach Emilie , Klančnik Katja , Stein Ulf , Tunesi Leonardo , Vaughan David , Reker Johnny 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMarine ecosystems are under high demand for human use, giving concerns about how pressures from human activities may affect their structure, function, and status. In Europe, recent developments in mapping of marine habitats and human activities now enable a coherent spatial evaluation of potential combined effects of human activities. Results indicate that combined effects from multiple human pressures are spread to 96% of the European marine area, and more specifically that combined effects from physical disturbance are spread to 86% of the coastal area and 46% of the shelf area. We compare our approach with corresponding assessments at other spatial scales and validate our results with European-scale status assessments for coastal waters. Uncertainties and development points are identified. Still, the results suggest that Europe’s seas are widely disturbed, indicating potential discrepancy between ambitions for Blue Growth and the objective of achieving good environmental status within the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
Properties of a thick-section narrow-gap gas tungsten arc weld of cast Haynes 282
Authors: Santella Michael , Chen X. Frank , Maziasz Philip , Rausch Jason , Salkin Jonathan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 50.8-mm-deep gas tungsten arc weld was made with matching filler metal in cast Haynes 282 alloy. The narrow-gap joint was filled with 104 weld beads. Visual and dye-penetrant inspection of cross-weld specimens indicated that the cast base metal contained numerous casting defects. No visible indications of physical defects were found in the weld deposit. The weld heat-affected zone was characterized by microcracking and localized recrystallization. The cause of the cracking could not be determined. Hardness testing showed that a softened region in the as-welded heat-affected zone was nearly eliminated by post-weld heat treatment. Tensile testing up to 816 °C showed that cross-weld specimen strengths ranged from 57 to 79% of the cast base metal tensile strength. The stress-rupture strengths of cross-weld specimens are within 20% of base metal reference data. Failures of both tensile and stress-rupture specimens occurred in the base metal.
The Study on the Anti-corrosion Performance of NiTi Alloy in Human Body Solution with the Fabricating Processes of Laser Irradiation and PDMS Modification
Authors: Yang Chengjuan , Cao Weiran , Yang Zhen , Wang Meng , Jing Xiubing , Tian Yanling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new and safe method of fabricating super-hydrophobic surface on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), which aims to further improve the corrosion resistance performance and biocompatibility of NiTi SMA. The super-hydrophobic surfaces with Water Contact Angle (WCA) of 155.4° ± 0.9° and Water Sliding Angle (WSA) of 4.4° ± 1.1° were obtained by the hybrid of laser irradiation and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modification. The forming mechanism was systematically revealed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The anti-corrosion of samples was investigated in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) via the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests. PDMS super-hydrophobic coatings showed superior anti-corrosion performance. The Ni ions release experiment was also conducted and the corresponding result demonstrated that the super-hydrophobic samples effectively inhibited the release of Ni ions both in electrolyte and SBF. Besides, biocompatibility was further analyzed, indicating that the prepared super-hydrophobic surfaces present a huge potential advantage in biocompatibility.
A Passive Anti-icing Strategy Based on a Superhydrophobic Mesh with Extremely Low Ice Adhesion Strength
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Ziqiang , Xie Qing , Duan Wei , Zhang Xinchun , Han Huilong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough superhydrophobic materials have attracted much research interest in anti-icing, some controversy still exists. In this research, we report a cost-effective method used to verify the contribution of area fraction to ice adhesion strength. We tried to partially-embed silica nanoparticles into microscale fabrics of a commercial polyamide mesh. Then, the area fraction could be determined by altering the mesh size. Generally, the ice adhesion strength decreases as the area fraction decreases. An ice adhesion strength of ∼1.9 kPa and a delayed freezing time of ∼1048 s can be obtained. We attribute the low ice adhesion strength to the combination of superhydrophobicity and stress concentration. The superhydrophobicity prohibits the water from penetrating into the voids of the meshes, and the small actual contact area leads to stress concentration which promotes interfacial crack propagation. Moreover, our superhydrophobic mesh simultaneously exhibits a micro-nano hierarchical structure and a partially-embedded structure. Therefore, the as-prepared superhydrophobic mesh retained the icephobicity after 20 icing/deicing cycles, and maintained its superhydrophobicity even after 60 sandpaper-abrasion cycles and a 220 °C thermal treatment.
Sociodemographic risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among Massachusetts healthcare workers: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lan Fan-Yun , Filler Robert , Mathew Soni , Buley Jane , Iliaki Eirini , Bruno-Murtha Lou Ann , Osgood Rebecca , Christophi Costas A. , Fernandez-Montero Alejandro , Kales Stefanos N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:To better understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission among healthcare workers (HCWs), we investigated occupational and nonoccupational risk factors associated with cumulative COVID-19 incidence among a Massachusetts HCW cohort.Design, setting, and participants:The retrospective cohort study included adult HCWs in a single healthcare system from March 9 to June 3, 2020.Methods:The SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR results and demographics of the study participants were deidentified and extracted from an established occupational health, COVID-19 database at the healthcare system. HCWs from each particular job grouping had been categorized into frontline or nonfrontline workers. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare subgroups after excluding HCWs involved in early infection clusters before universal masking began. A sensitivity analysis was performed comparing jobs with the greatest potential occupational risks with others.Results:Of 5,177 HCWs, 152 (2.94%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Affected HCWs resided in areas with higher community attack rates (median, 1,755.2 vs 1,412.4 cases per 100,000; P < .001; multivariate-adjusted IRR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.03–3.44 comparing fifth to first quintile of community rates). After multivariate adjustment, African-American and Hispanic HCWs had higher incidence of COVID-19 than non-Hispanic white HCWs (IRR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.78–4.33; and IRR, 2.41, 95% CI, 1.42–4.07, respectively). After adjusting for race and residential rates, frontline HCWs had a higher IRR (1.73, 95% CI, 1.16–2.54) than nonfrontline HCWs overall, but not within specific job categories nor when comparing the highest risk jobs to others.Conclusions:After universal masking was instituted, the strongest risk factors associated with HCW COVID-19 infection were residential community infection rate and race.
Longbasaba Glacier recession and contribution to its proglacial lake volume between 1988 and 2018
Authors: Wei Junfeng , Liu Shiyin , Wang Xin , Zhang Yong , Jiang Zongli , Wu Kunpeng , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Te 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring the last few decades, the lake-terminating glaciers in the Himalaya have receded faster than the land-terminating glaciers as proglacial lakes have exacerbated the mass loss of their host glaciers. Monitoring the impacts of glacier recession and dynamics on lake extent and water volume provides an approach to assess the mass interplay between glaciers and proglacial lakes. We describe the recession of Longbasaba Glacier and estimate the mass wastage and its contribution to the water volume of its proglacial lake. The results show that the glacier area has decreased by 3% during 1988–2018, with a more variable recession prior to 2008 than in the last decade. Longbasaba Lake has expanded by 164% in area and 237% in water volume, primarily as a result of meltwater inflow produced from surface lowering of the glacier. Over the periods 1988–2000 and 2000–18, the mass loss contributed by glacier thinning has decreased from 81 to 61% of the total mass loss, accompanied by a nearly doubled contribution from terminus retreat. With the current rate of retreat, Longbasaba glacier is expected to terminate in its proglacial lake for another four decades. The hazard risk of this lake is expected to continue to increase in the near future because of the projected continued glacier mass loss and related lake expansion.
The durable differential deterrent effects of strict photo identification laws
Authors: Grimmer Justin , Yoder Jesse 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of states have adopted laws that require voters to show photo identification to vote. We show that the differential effect of the laws on turnout among those who lack ID persists even after the laws are repealed. We leverage administrative data from North Carolina and a photo ID law in effect for a primary, but not the subsequent general, election. Using exact matching and a difference-in-differences design, we show that for the 3 percent of voters who lack ID in North Carolina, the ID law caused a 0.7 percentage point turnout decrease in the 2016 primary election relative to those with ID. After the law was suspended, this effect persisted: those without ID were 2.6 percentage points less likely to turnout in the 2016 general election and 1.7 percentage points less likely to turnout in the 2018 general.
GORENSTEIN SILTING COMPLEXES
Authors: CAO WEIQING , WEI JIAQUN 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe introduce and study the notion of Gorenstein silting complexes, which is a generalization of Gorenstein tilting modules in Gorenstein-derived categories. We give the equivalent characterization of Gorenstein silting complexes. We give a sufficient condition for a partial Gorenstein silting complex to have a complement.
Documentary Constellations in Late-Mamlūk Cairo: Property- andWaqf-Related Archiving on the Eve of the Ottoman Conquest of Egypt
Authors: Livingston Daisy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe scholarly discussion of archives in the premodern Islamicate world is beset by problematic generalisations. Such a view to some degree stems from a top-down view of archiving that focuses on state archives at the expense of practices of archiving occurring outside a chancery context. This article challenges the assumptions that support an enduring narrative of paucity, by examining non-chancery archival practices in Mamlūk Cairo on the eve of the Ottoman conquest in 922/1517. In doing this, it looks to some of the surviving original documentary material: legal property deeds with connections towaqfendowments whose potential to shed light on archival history has largely remained untapped. Surviving in large numbers in modern collections in Cairo, these documents contain abundant traces of their own archival histories. By presenting a micro-scale case study drawn from this material, this article shows the energetic and meticulous documentary and archival practices that surrounded property transactions in late-Mamlūk Cairo.