bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference in determining prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight in children under five: a cross-sectional study from Musi sub-district
Authors: Flynn Jeannie , Alkaff Firas Farisi , Sukmajaya William Putera , Salamah Sovia 
Published: March 2021

Background:Determination of stunting and wasting always uses the WHO growth standard in Indonesia. However, it is believed that Indonesian children are “below” the global standard, thus the WHO standard is not reliable to present the actual prevalence. This study aims to compare the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight using WHO growth standard and national Indonesian growth reference.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Musi sub-district, East Nusa Tenggara province in July 2019. East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest prevalence of stunting and underweight in Indonesia. The study population were children under five, and total sampling method was used for this study. Length/height-for-age and weight-for-age were plotted using WHO standard and national Indonesian reference. Univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results:The prevalence of stunting and underweight were higher for the WHO standard than the national reference (53.9% vs 10.7% and 29.17% vs 17.7%; all p < 0.001). After adjusted for confounding factors, when the WHO standard was used, determinants of stunting were maternal mid-upper arm circumference below 23.5cm and maternal height below 150cm; determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction, young maternal age during pregnancy, and multiple parities. When the national reference was used, no determinants was found for stunting; the determinants of underweight were intrauterine growth restriction and maternal education.Conclusions:The WHO standard is not suitable for representing child growth in Musi sub-district. Future studies should be done to re-evaluate the prevalence and determinants of stunting and underweight nationwide using the national Indonesian reference.
Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of psilocybin and psilocin from magic mushroom in rats and humans
Authors: Musikaphongsakul Prinya , Ya Kimheang , Subsoontorn Pakpoom , Lohitnavy Manupat 
Published: March 2021

Background: Psilocybin (PB) is a psychoactive compound commonly found in magic mushroom (Psilocybe cubensis). PB is quickly converted by the body to psilocin (PI), which has a psychedelic effect through the activation of the 5-HT2A receptor in the brain. The objective of this study is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of PB and PI in rats and humans for predicting concentrations of the psychoactive substance in the brain. Methods: Following a search in PubMed, three studies were retrieved and information concerning concentration-time profiles of PI were extracted from the selected studies. In the study in rats, PI was orally administered with a dose of 10.1 mg/kg. There were two studies in humans following a single intravenous dose of PB (1 mg) and oral dose of PB (0.224 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg). Berkeley Madonna software was used for computer coding and simulations. The developed PBPK model consisted of seven organ compartments (i.e. lung, heart, brain, fat, muscle, kidney, and liver). Results: The simulations show a good agreement between observed and simulated data, although results for oral administration in rats and humans showed under-predictions and results for intravenous administration in humans showed over-predictions. Conclusions: A PBPK model of PB and PI in rats and humans was developed and could predict concentration-time profiles of PI in plasma, particularly in the brain, following intravenous and oral administration of PB. This model may be useful for a safer dosage regimen of PB for patients with some disorders.
Radiation exposure during the treatment of spinal deformities
Authors: Mehta Jwalant S. , Hodgson Kirsten , Yiping Lu , Kho James Swee Beng , Thimmaiah Ravindra , Topiwala Upasana , Sawlani Vijay , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: March 2021

Aims To benchmark the radiation dose to patients during the course of treatment for a spinal deformity. Methods Our radiation dose database identified 25,745 exposures of 6,017 children (under 18 years of age) and adults treated for a spinal deformity between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2016. Patients were divided into surgical (974 patients) and non-surgical (5,043 patients) cohorts. We documented the number and doses of ionizing radiation imaging events (radiographs, CT scans, or intraoperative fluoroscopy) for each patient. All the doses for plain radiographs, CT scans, and intraoperative fluoroscopy were combined into a single effective dose by a medical physicist (milliSivert (mSv)). Results There were more ionizing radiation-based imaging events and higher radiation dose exposures in the surgical group than in the non-surgical group (p < 0.001). The difference in effective dose for children between the surgical and non-surgical groups was statistically significant, the surgical group being significantly higher (p < 0.001). This led to a higher estimated risk of cancer induction for the surgical group (1:222 surgical vs 1:1,418 non-surgical). However, the dose difference for adults was not statistically different between the surgical and non-surgical groups. In all cases the effective dose received by all cohorts was significantly higher than that from exposure to natural background radiation. Conclusion The treatment of spinal deformity is radiation-heavy. The dose exposure is several times higher when surgical treatment is undertaken. Clinicians should be aware of this and review their practices in order to reduce the radiation dose where possible. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(4):1–7.
Frozen mode in coupled silicon ridge waveguides for optical true time delay applications
Authors: Paul Banaful , Nahar Niru K. , Sertel Kubilay 
Published: March 2021

We propose a simple photonic waveguide structure that exhibits light propagation modes with vanishing group velocity via mode degeneracy. This enables stationary inflection point dispersion leading to the frozen mode and a true time delay device suitable for ultra-wide-band beamforming for millimeter wave (mmWave) phased arrays. The structure consists of three silicon ridge waveguides in proximity with periodic gaps introduced in the outer waveguides to create a band gap. The structure is complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible with a very small footprint of only about

56

µ

m

2

and more resilient to fabrication uncertainties as compared to the previously studied structures. Simulation results show transmission of 70% of the incident wave for the frozen mode at the 1.55 µm (193.6 THz) wavelength through the waveguide. It also enables a delay-bandwidth product of 6.75 along with unprecedented frequency independent bandwidth of about 0.5 THz for RF-mmWave–terahertz beamforming.
Professionally responsible management of the ethical and social challenges of antenatal screening and diagnosis of β-thalassemia in a high-risk population
Authors: Corda Valentina , Murgia Federica , Dessolis Francesca , Murru Stefania , Chervenak Frank A. , McCullough Laurence B. , Monni Giovanni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thalassemias are among the most frequent genetic disorders worldwide. They are an important social and economic strain in high-risk populations. The benefit of β-thalassemia screening programs is growing evident but the capacity to diagnose fetal β-thalassemia exceeds the treatment possibilities and even when treatment before birth becomes feasible, difficult decisions about the relative risks will remain. This paper can be of practical and ethically justified aid when counseling women about screening, diagnosis, and treatment of β-thalassemia. It takes in consideration various social challenges, medical issues such as antenatal screening, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis, non-invasive prenatal testing and prenatal therapy. We also describe the Sardinian experience in applying and promoting high-risk population screening and diagnosis programs and future trends in the management of β-thalassemia.
FGF16 regulated by miR-520b enhances the cell proliferation of lung cancer
Authors: He Wenfeng , Liu Xia , Luo Zhijie , Li Longmei , Fang Xisheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
FGF16 is implicated in the progression of some specific types of cancers, such as embryonic carcinoma, ovarian cancer, and liver cancer. Yet, the function of FGF16 in the development of lung cancer remains largely unexplored. In this study, we present the novel function of FGF16 and the regulation of miR-520b on FGF16 in lung cancer progression. In clinical lung cancer tissues, FGF16 is overexpressed and its high level is negatively associated with the low level of miR-520b. Furthermore, both the transcription and translation levels of FGF16 are restrained by miR-520b in lung cancer cells. For the regulatory mechanism investigation, miR-520b is able to directly bind to the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of FGF16 mRNA, leading to its mRNA cleavage in the cells. Functionally, miR-520b reduces the growth of lung cancer and its inhibitor anti-miR520b is able to promote the growth through competing endogenous miR-520b. Moreover, FGF16 silence using RNA interference is capable of doing great damage to anti-miR-520b-accelerated growth of lung cancer. Thus, our finding indicates that FGF16 is a new target gene of miR-520b in lung cancer. For lung cancer, FGF16 may serve as a novel biomarker and miR-520b/FGF16 may be useful in clinical treatment.
Exploring the Transformative Essence of Intellectual Feminism in Africa: Some Contributions of Amina Mama
Authors: Okoli Al Chukwuma 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper seeks to explore the transformative essence of intellectual feminism in Africa, with particular reference to the contributions of Amina Mama. Following textual and contextual exegeses of works by or on the focal scholar-activist, as well as insights drawn on extant literature on aspects of her gender/feminist engagements/scholarship, the paper posits that Amina Mama has made significant transformative contributions in various sites of intellectual feminism, especially in the areas of intellectual resourcing, academic leadership and mentoring, as well as strategic scholarly activism/advocacy. Among other things, the study intends to set an agenda on how to effectively link feminist scholarship to practice in an effort to mainstreaming social transformation in Africa.
Further results onq-Lie groups,q-Lie algebras andq-homogeneous spaces
Authors: Ernst Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe introduce most of the concepts forq-Lie algebras in a way independent of the base fieldK. Again it turns out that we can keep the same Lie algebra with a small modification. We use very similar definitions for all quantities, which means that the proofs are similar. In particular, the quantities solvable, nilpotent, semisimpleq-Lie algebra, Weyl group and Weyl chamber are identical with the ordinary caseq= 1. The computations of sampleq-roots for certain well-knownq-Lie groups contain an extraq-addition, and consequently, for most of the quantities which areq-deformed, we add a prefixqin the respective name. Important examples are theq-Cartan subalgebra and theq-Cartan Killing form. We introduce the conceptq-homogeneous spaces in a formal way exemplified by the examplesSUq(1,1)SOq(2){{S{U_q}\left( {1,1} \right)} \over {S{O_q}\left( 2 \right)}}andSOq(3)SOq(2){{S{O_q}\left( 3 \right)} \over {S{O_q}\left( 2 \right)}}with correspondingq-Lie groups andq-geodesics. By introducing aq-deformed semidirect product, we can define exact sequences ofq-Lie groups and some other interestingq-homogeneous spaces. We give an example of the correspondingq-Iwasawa decomposition for SLq(2).
Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic application of Sophora mollis leaf extract mediated silver nanoparticles
Authors: Nazir Arif , Farooq Saqib , Abbas Mazhar , Alabbad Eman A. , Albalawi Hind , Alwadai Norah , Almuqrin Aljohara H. , Iqbal Munawar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study reports green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) from Sophora mollis leaf extract. The use of S. mollis extract for preparation of Ag NPs was investigated using different techniques. Dark brown color indicates formation of nanoparticles. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis revealed that plant extract act as a reducing and capping agent. Morphological aspects of Ag NPs were ascertained by means of SEM studies. Energy dispersive and FTIR spectroscopy results showed chemical composition and plant extract functionality respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed particle size of 70 nm. Antibacterial activity of NPs was investigated by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration method. Antioxidant activity of NPs was shown by DPPH assay. The photo catalytic efficiency of synthesized Ag NPs was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation. Ag NPs degraded MB dye up to 88% in 160 min. It is concluded that these NPs could be employed for degradation of toxic industrial effluents. Result proved the green synthesis of Ag NPs from S. mollis extract is clean, economical and safe method.
Analisis Aransemen Lagu A Whole New World Ciptaan Tim Rice dan Alan Menken pada Instrumen String oleh Steve Deaprof Band di Pekalongan
Authors: Kristerika Agnes Firda , Susetyo Bagus 
Published: March 2021

Aransemen instrumen string lagu A Whole New World oleh Steve Deaprof Band dibuat menarik dan modern, sehingga membuat lagu tersebut menjadi lebih variatif terutama pada isian (filler) string yang berbeda dari lagu aslinya. Hal ini melatarbelakangi peneliti untuk melakukan sebuah penelitian ini. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan aransemen instrumen string lagu A Whole New World oleh Steve Deaprof Band. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi Penelitian di kantor Steve Deaprof yakni di Jln. KHM Mansyur no.3, Bendan, Pekalongan. Teknik pengumpulan data antara lain: teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.Teknik keabsahan data. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu analisis dalam bentuk pernyataan dan analisis yang diungkapkan dengan deskripsi Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aransemen instrumen string lagu A Whole New World memiliki 3 kali perpindahan tangganada (modulasi) dan fill in pada beberapa bagian lagu.
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Abstract
The string instrument arrangement of the song A Whole New World by Steve Deaprof Band was made attractive and modern, thus making the song more varied, especially in the different string fillers from the original song. This is the background for researchers to conduct this research. The aim of this research is to know and describe the string instrument arrangement of the song A Whole New World by Steve Deaprof Band. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative. The research location is in Steve Deaprof's office, which is Jln. KHM Mansyur no.3, Bendan, Pekalongan. Data collection techniques include: observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data validity techniques. The data analysis in this research is descriptive qualitative, namely analysis in the form of statements and analysis expressed with descriptions. The results show that the arrangement of the string instrument A Whole New World has 3 times the scale shift (modulation) and fill in on several parts of the song.
Tendencies of the accentuation of adjectives in the written sources of the 1950s and 1960s in the West Aukštaitians of Kaunas
Authors: Ragaišienė Vilija 
Published: March 2021

The article analyses the dialectal material collected in the area of the West Aukštaitian of the Kaunas subdialect in the written sources of the 1950s and 1960s at the Dialect Archive of the Geolinguistic Centre of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language. Based on the data in written sources the goal is to describe the peculiarities of the accentuation of the West Aukštaitian adjectives of this period and to discuss the tendencies of their accentuation. The stress of the singular forms of the disyllabic u-stem adjectives of the masculine gender may have come down from old times. Maintaining the root accent of these forms is related to the forms the neuter gender of the stressed stem (suñku, šviẽsu) and the adjectives of the old o-stem (suñkas : suñkus).The pronunciation of polysyllabic adjectives in the West Aukštaitian subdialect of Kaunas is characterized by different accent tendencies. The accentuation of the derivatives with the suffix -inis, -ė varies most of the polysyllabic adjectives analysed in the article. More than a third of them are accented by two accentual paradigms – they have accentual parallel forms of the first and second accent paradigms. The accentuation of the derivatives with the suffixes -inis, -ė is only partly related to the accentuation of the root words. The accentuation of the adjectives discussed in the researched subdialects tends to be generalized by the second accent paradigm. The derivatives with the suffixes -ėtas, -a regardless of the accentuation of the root words, are usually accented by the second accent paradigm, cf. molétas, -a (: mólis 1), pūslétas, -a (: pūslẽ 4). Only the accent of the derivatives with the suffixes -uotas, -a can be linked to the accentuation status of the root words, cf. langúotas, -a (: lángas 3).The author of the article is of the opinion that the accentual variance of parallel derivatives with suffixes could have been determined not by one factor, but by a set of factors. The appearance of accentual variants is linked to semantics, the accentual and semantic model of two plurals and the accentual variance of the root words and is explained by the stress analogy of the same type of word formation.
The geolect of Plungė in terms of regressive assimilation of vowels I, U
Authors: Vyniautaitė Simona 
Published: March 2021

Based on dialectometric methods, the article discusses the geolect of Plungė in terms of regressive assimilation of vowels i, u. The study material consists of about 9 hours of audio recordings, 57 sentences, recited by nine presenters of younger, middle and older generations. 6 words were chosen in which regressive assimilation of vowels can take place, i. e., the words with vowels i, u in accented, unaccented and shifted accent positions. Quantitative analysis of the material (sentences read by the presenters) was performed with the tools of the computer program Gabmap. Pseudo maps of networks, reference points, cluster analysis, as well as differential dialectal features were analyzed. The analysis performed using dialectometry methods shows that differences in limb reduction, word stem, consonant softening become apparent, but in many cases regressive assimilation of vowels i, u becomes the main variable feature. The operation/inaction of the regressive assimilation of vowels i, u is greatly influenced by accent. When vowels are accented, presenters of all generations pronounce them without regressive vowel assimilation. When the vowel i is unaccented, it is assimilated, and the vowel u is spelled narrowly by only a third of the presenters. Dual behavior exists in cases where vowels receive a shifted accent. The pronunciation of both vowels is approximate. Maintaining the main distinguishing feature of the residents of Plungė from the dialect of the residents of Telšiai, although inconsistent, would allow predicting that the linguistic dialect peculiarity of this area could compete with the language code of Telšiai – based on the Samogitian regiolect – or whether the regiolect itself would be / become dual-core (more detailed research based on a multi-faceted research model is needed to confirm this statement). The effect of regressive assimilation in the Plungė dialect, in the geolectic zone in general, can be both a proof of resemblance to the northern Samogitian Telšiai residents and a sign of a decrease in the importance of assimilation as a distinctive feature of the dialects.
Quo Vadis Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) pada Soal UM-PTKIN Materi Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Huriyah Lilik , Fahmi Muhammad , Baru Rohaizan , Ilaihi Wahyu 
Published: March 2021

Input sumber daya manusia di perguruan tinggi dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi (High Order Thinking Skills, HOTS) yang meliputi kemampuan menganalisis, mengevaluasi dan mengkreasi materi. Dengan demikian, keberadaan tes masuk perguruan tinggi menjadi salah satu intrumen penting dalam melakukan seleksi sumber daya manusia. Artikel ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi peta HOTS pada soal Ujian Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (UM-PTKIN) materi Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) tahun 2018 dan perbandingan tingkat HOTS pada soal kelompok materi ujian PAI. Artikel ini juga didukung oleh hasil kajian kepustakaan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa item soal UM-PTKIN materi PAI berada pada kategori HOTS dan kemampuan berpikir tingkat rendah (Low Order Thinking Skill, LOTS). Materi Akidah Akhlak menjadi penyumbang terbanyak dan Al-Quran Hadith sebagai penyumbang paling sedikit pada soal kategori HOTS. Program Studi Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) adalah prodi yang sangat diminati sekaligus lulusannya sangat dinanti untuk dapat menyemai pemahaman keislaman untuk menjawab berbagai tantangan sosial, politik, dan keagamaan di Indonesia. Artikel ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi pemangku kebijakan UM-PTKIN untuk dapat meningkatkan jumlah komposisi soal HOTS dalam seleksi-seleksi selanjutnya agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas input mahasiswa PAI di periode-periode berikutnya.
External validation of the Epilepsy Surgery Grading Scale in a Japanese cohort of patients with epilepsy
Authors: Gabriel Franchesca , Kakisaka Yosuke , Jin Kazutaka , Osawa Shin‐ichiro , Iwasaki Masaki , Tominaga Teiji , Nakasato Nobukazu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective: The Epilepsy Surgery Grading Scale (ESGS) is a simple method to predict the likelihood of a patient with epilepsy proceeding to surgery and achieving seizure freedom. Usefulness of the ESGS has been confirmed in established epilepsy centres in the United States and Belgium for adult patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation. However, the applicability of the ESGS has not yet been evaluated in a wider range of epilepsy patients that may reflect the general spectrum of epilepsy. The present study validated the ESGS in a Japanese epilepsy centre in which admission‐based comprehensive epilepsy studies were indicated beyond presurgical evaluation.Methods: This single‐centre retrospective study included adult patients with epilepsy admitted to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit from 2010 to June 2019. Patients were classified as ESGS Grade 1 (most favorable), Grade 2 (intermediate), and Grade 3 (least favourable). Patients were grouped into three cohorts: all patients, patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, and patients who underwent resective epilepsy surgery. We assessed progression to surgery and seizure freedom at one year after surgery.Results: Of the 1,158 total admissions, 670 patients met the inclusion criteria and formed the total cohort. Of these, 435 (64.9%) had drug‐resistant focal epilepsy and 78 (11.6%) proceeded to resective surgery. Overall, progression to surgery was observed in 41.3%, 16.6%, and 4.8% of patients with Grade 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the surgical cohort, seizure freedom was observed in 85.2%, 65.2%, and 31.3% of patients with Grade 1, 2, and 3, respectively.Significance: Our results indicate that the ESGS is effective in predicting whether a patient proceeds to epilepsy surgery and achieves seizure freedom even in the general population of epilepsy patients, regardless of type or resistance to antiepileptic drugs.