bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Action Observation for Upper Limb Motor Deficit in Acute Stroke Participants
Authors: Anandan Arulmozhi Devi , Selvaraj Suresh Kumar , Regan Raja , Subramanian Shenbaga Sundaram , Neelam Shazia , Gaowgeh Riziq Allah Mustafa 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Action Observation (AO) is a multisensory approach encompassing motor, somatosensory and cognitive rehabilitation. Several Studies have proved the effects of action observation on recovery of motor functions in chronic stroke survivors. However, the effect of action observation strategy on acute stroke participants remains unclear. The objective of this study was to find out the effectiveness of action observation to improve upper limb function in acute stroke.
Methods: 28 acute stoke participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly assigned into two groups based on computer generated randomization. Action observation training group (AO) received action observation training and conventional group received conventional physiotherapy. Both the groups received 45 minutes session per day for the total duration of 10 days.
Results: Upper limb functions were measured using Fugl Myer upper limb component (FMA) and action research arm test (ARAT)at the baseline and after the intervention. Compared with the conventional training group, AO group showed significant improvement in ARAT but no significant difference between the groups in FMA.
Conclusion: In conclusion Action observation treatment may become a useful strategy in rehabilitation of acute stroke participants.
Resuscitating the Field of Cardiac Regeneration: Seeking Answers from Basic Biology
Authors: Hsu Yaching , Huang Ke , Cheng Ke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes for hospital admissions worldwide. HF patients are classified based on the chronic changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as preserved (LVEF ≥ 50%), reduced (LVEF ≤ 40%), or mid‐ranged (40% < LVEF < 50%) HFs. Treatments nowadays can prevent HFrEF progress, whereas only a few of the treatments have been proven to be effective in improving the survival of HFpEF. In this review, numerous mediators involved in the pathogenesis of HF are summarized. The regional upstream signaling and their diagnostic and therapeutic potential are also discussed. Additionally, the recent challenges and development in cardiac regenerative therapy that hold opportunities for future research and clinical translation are discussed.
A Synthetic Protocol for the Construction of Chroman‐Spiroquinazolin(thi)one Framework via a Metal‐Free, Three‐Component, Domino, Double Annulations
Authors: Wang Lingfeng , Li Song , Xiao Xuqiong , Xu Weiming , Zhang Pengfei , Ma Yongmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA three‐component domino approach for the synthesis of chroman‐spiroquinazolin(thi)ones is described. It involves a condensation of 2‐aminoacetophenones and iso(thio)cyanates followed by a hetero‐Diels‐Alder annulation with 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivatives. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope under a metal‐free catalytic condition.magnified image
A General Protein Unfolding‐Chemical Coupling Strategy for Pure Protein Hydrogels with Mechanically Strong and Multifunctional Properties
Authors: Tang Ziqing , He Huacheng , Zhu Lin , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Yang Jia , Qin Gang , Wu Jiang , Tang Yijing , Zhang Dong , Chen Qiang , Zheng Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProtein‐based hydrogels have attracted great attention due to their excellent biocompatible properties, but often suffer from weak mechanical strength. Conventional strengthening strategies for protein‐based hydrogels are to introduce nanoparticles or synthetic polymers for improving their mechanical strength, but often compromise their biocompatibility. Here, a new, general, protein unfolding‐chemical coupling (PNC) strategy is developed to fabricate pure protein hydrogels without any additives to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent cell biocompatibility. This PNC strategy combines thermal‐induced protein unfolding/gelation to form a physically‐crosslinked network and a ‐NH2/‐COOH coupling reaction to generate a chemicallycrosslinked network. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a globular protein, PNC‐BSA hydrogels show macroscopic transparency, high stability, high mechanical properties (compressive/tensile strength of 115/0.43 MPa), fast stiffness/toughness recovery of 85%/91% at room temperature, good fatigue resistance, and low cell cytotoxicity and red blood cell hemolysis. More importantly, the PNC strategy can be not only generally applied to silk fibroin, ovalbumin, and milk albumin protein to form different, high strength protein hydrogels, but also modified with PEDOT/PSS nanoparticles as strain sensors and fluorescent fillers as color sensors. This work demonstrates a new, universal, PNC method to prepare high strength, multi‐functional, pure protein hydrogels beyond a few available today.
Dark and Bright Excitons in Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets
Authors: Gramlich Moritz , Swift Michael W. , Lampe Carola , Lyons John L. , Döblinger Markus , Efros Alexander L. , Sercel Peter C. , Urban Alexander S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSemiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs), with their large exciton binding energy, narrow photoluminescence (PL), and absence of dielectric screening for photons emitted normal to the NPL surface, could be expected to become the fastest luminophores amongst all colloidal nanostructures. However, super‐fast emission is suppressed by a dark (optically passive) exciton ground state, substantially split from a higher‐lying bright (optically active) state. Here, the exciton fine structure in 2–8 monolayer (ML) thick Csn − 1PbnBr3n + 1 NPLs is revealed by merging temperature‐resolved PL spectra and time‐resolved PL decay with an effective mass model taking quantum confinement and dielectric confinement anisotropy into account. This approach exposes a thickness‐dependent bright–dark exciton splitting reaching 32.3 meV for the 2 ML NPLs. The model also reveals a 5–16 meV splitting of the bright exciton states with transition dipoles polarized parallel and perpendicular to the NPL surfaces, the order of which is reversed for the thinnest NPLs, as confirmed by TR‐PL measurements. Accordingly, the individual bright states must be taken into account, while the dark exciton state strongly affects the optical properties of the thinnest NPLs even at room temperature. Significantly, the derived model can be generalized for any isotropically or anisotropically confined nanostructure.
On‐Demand, Direct Printing of Nanodiamonds at the Quantum Level
Authors: Xu Zhaoyi , Wang Lingzhi , Huan Xiao , Lee Heekwon , Yang Jihyuk , Zhou Zhiwen , Chen Mojun , Hu Shiqi , Liu Yu , Feng Shien‐Ping , Zhang Tongtong , Xu Feng , Chu Zhiqin , Kim Ji Tae 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe quantum defects in nanodiamonds, such as nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, are emerging as a promising candidate for nanoscale sensing and imaging, and the controlled placement with respect to target locations is vital to their practical applications. Unfortunately, this prerequisite continues to suffer from coarse positioning accuracy, low throughput, and process complexity. Here, it is reported on direct, on‐demand electrohydrodynamic printing of nanodiamonds containing NV centers with high precision control over quantity and position. After thorough characterizations of the printing conditions, it is shown that the number of printed nanodiamonds can be controlled at will, attaining the single‐particle level precision. This printing approach, therefore, enables positioning NV center arrays with a controlled number directly on the universal substrate without any lithographic process. The approach is expected to pave the way toward new horizons not only for experimental quantum physics but also for the practical implementation of such quantum systems.
Understanding the Effects of Interfacial Lithium Ion Concentration on Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Park Jimin , Ha Son , Jung Jae Young , Hyun Jae‐Hwan , Yu Seung‐Ho , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Kim Nam Dong , Yun Young Soo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the development of multidimensional state‐of‐the‐art electrode materials for constructing better lithium metal anodes (LMAs), the key factors influencing the electrochemical performance of LMAs are still poorly understood. Herein, it is demonstrated that the local lithium ion concentration at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte exerts significant influence on the electrochemical performance of LMAs. The local ion concentration is multiplied by introducing pseudocapacitive nanocarbons (PNCs) containing numerous heteroatoms, because PNCs can store large numbers of lithium ions in a pseudocapacitive manner, and promote the formation of an electrochemical double layer. The high interfacial lithium ion concentration induces the formation of lithium‐rich inorganic solid–electrolyte–interface layers with high ionic conductivities, and facilitates sustainable and stable supplies of lithium ion charge carriers on the overall active surfaces of the PNCs. Accordingly, the PNC‐induced LMA exhibits high Coulombic efficiencies, high rate capabilities, and stable cycling performance.
In Situ Fabrication of Cuprous Selenide Electrode via Selenization of Copper Current Collector for High‐Efficiency Potassium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Malin , Wang Shi‐Ping , Wang Chunzhong , Shen Zexiang , Bai Fu‐Quan , Du Fei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSelenium‐based materials are considered as desirable candidates for potassium‐ion and sodium‐ion storage. Herein, an in situ fabrication method is developed to prepare an integrated cuprous selenide electrode by means of directly chemical selenization of the copper current collector with commercial selenium powder. Interestingly, only the electrolyte of 1 m potassium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane with higher highest occupied molecular orbital energy and lower desolvation energy facilitates the formation of polyselenide intermediates and the further selenization of the copper current collector. Benefiting from the unique thin‐film‐like nanosheet morphology and the robust structural stability of the integrated electrode, the volume change and the loss of selenide species could be effectively restrained. Therefore, high performance is achieved in both potassium‐ion batteries (462 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 for 300 cycles) and sodium‐ion batteries (775 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 for 4000 cycles). The facile fabrication strategy paves a new direction for the design and preparation of high‐performance electrodes.
Beyond the CLAIM: A comprehensive needs assessment strategy for creating an Advanced Medical Education Research Training Program (ARMED‐MedEd)
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Jordan Jaime , Clarke Samuel O. , Lawson Luan , Coates Wendy C. , Yarris Lalena M. , Santen Sally A. , Gottlieb Michael ,   the Emergency Medicine Health Professions Education Research Consortium (EMPERC)
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe health professions education (HPE) landscape has shifted substantively with increasing professionalization of research and scholarship. Clinician educators seeking to become competitive in this domain often pursue fellowships and master’s degrees in HPE, but there are few resources for the continuing professional development (CPD) of those who seek to continue developing their scholarly practice within HPE. Acknowledging the multiple players in this landscape, the authors sought to design a new “beyond beginners” HPE research program using a novel needs assessment planning process.MethodsThe authors developed and conducted a new three‐phase, five‐step process that sets forth a programmatic approach to conducting a needs assessment for a CPD course in HPE research. The five steps of the CLAIM method are: Competitive analysis, Literature review with thematic analysis, Ask stakeholders, Internal review by experts, and Mapping of a curriculum. These steps are organized into three phases (Discovery, Convergence, and Synthesis).ResultsOver a 12‐month period, the authors completed a comprehensive needs assessment. The CLAIM process revealed that longitudinal digital connection, diverse and in depth exposure to HPE research methods, skills around scholarly publishing, and leadership and management of research would be beneficial to our design.ConclusionsThe CLAIM method provided scaffolding to help the authors create a robust curriculum that adopts a scholarly approach for developing a HPE research course. This needs assessment methodology may be useful in other CPD contexts.
Increased blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Nader Elie , Nougier Christophe , Boisson Camille , Poutrel Solene , Catella Judith , Martin Fiona , Charvet Juliette , Girard Sandrine , Havard‐Guibert Salomé , Martin Marie , Rezigue Hamdi , Desmurs‐Clavel Helene , Renoux Céline , Joly Philippe , Guillot Nicolas , Bertrand Yves , Hot Arnaud , Dargaud Yesim , Connes Philippe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to (1) analyze blood viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) deformability, and aggregation in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19); (2) test the associations between impaired blood rheology and blood coagulation; and (3) test the associations between impaired blood rheology and several indicators of clinical severity. A total of 172 patients with COVID‐19, hospitalized in COVID‐unit of the Internal Medicine Department (Lyon, France) participated in this study between January and May 2021. Clinical parameters were collected for each patient. Routine hematological/biochemical parameters, blood viscosity, RBC deformability and aggregation, and RBC senescence markers were measured on the first day of hospitalization. A control group of 38 healthy individuals was constituted to compare the blood rheological and RBC profile. Rotational thromboelastography was performed in 76 patients to study clot formation dynamics. Our study demonstrated that patients with COVID‐19 had increased blood viscosity despite lower hematocrit than healthy individuals, as well as increased RBC aggregation. In‐vitro experiments demonstrated a strong contribution of plasma fibrinogen in this RBC hyper‐aggregation. RBC aggregation correlated positively with clot firmness, negatively with clot formation time, and positively with the length of hospitalization. Patients with oxygen supplementation had higher RBC aggregation and blood viscosity than those without, and patients with pulmonary lesions had higher RBC aggregation and enhanced coagulation than those without. This study is the first to demonstrate blood hyper‐viscosity and RBC hyper‐aggregation in a large cohort of patients with COVID‐19 and describe associations with enhanced coagulation and clinical outcomes.
A Topologically Engineered Gold Island for Programmed In Vivo Stem Cell Manipulation
Authors: Cui Tingting , Wu Si , Wei Yue , Qin Hongshuang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEven a well‐designed system can only control stem cell adhesion, release, and differentiation, while other cell manipulations such as in situ labeling and retention in target tissues, are difficult to achieve in the same system. Herein, native ligand cluster‐mimicking islands, composed of topologically engineered ligand, anchoring point AuNP, nuclease mimetics CeIV complexes and magnetic core Fe3O4, are designed to facilitate comprehensive cell manipulations in a programmable manner. Three islands with different amounts of AuNPs are constructed, which means tunable interligand spacing within a cluster. These nanostructures are chemically coupled to a substrate using DNA tethers. Under a tissue‐penetrative magnetic field, this integrated system promotes stem cell adhesion, proliferation, mechanosensing, differentiation, detachment, in situ effective magnetic labeling and retention both in vitro and in vivo, offering fascinating opportunities for a biomimetic matrix in regenerative medicine.
Catalytic Substrate‐Selective Silylation of Primary Alcohols via Remote Functional‐Group Discrimination
Authors: Hashimoto Hisashi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Takasu Kiyosei , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSilylation of alcohols has generally been known to take place at the sterically most accessible less‐hindered hydroxy group. Herein, the catalyst‐controlled substrate‐selective silylation of primary alcohols, in which the selectivity was controlled independently of the innate reactivity of the hydroxy group, based on the steric environment, is reported. The chain‐length‐selective silylation of 1,n‐amino alcohol derivatives was achieved and 1,5‐amino alcohol derivatives showed outstandingly high reactivity in the presence of analogues with a shorter or longer chain length under catalyst‐controlled conditions. A highly substrate‐selective catalytic silylation of pentanol analogues was also developed, in which the remote functionality at C(5) from the reacting hydroxy groups was effectively discriminated on silylation.
Inter‐relationships between Oxygen Evolution and Iridium Dissolution Mechanisms
Authors: Lončar Anja , Escalera‐López Daniel , Cherevko Serhiy , Hodnik Nejc 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe widespread utilization of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers currently remains uncertain, as they rely on the use of highly scarce iridium as the only viable catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is known to present the major energy losses of the process. Understanding the mechanistic origin of the different activities and stabilities of Ir‐based catalysts is, therefore, crucial for a scale‐up of green hydrogen production. It is known that structure influences the dissolution, which is the main degradation mechanism and shares common intermediates with the OER. In this Minireview, the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of dissolution and its relationship with the structure of different iridium catalysts is gathered and correlated to different mechanisms of the OER. A perspective on future directions of investigation is also given.
High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Zinc Electrodeposition Enabled by a Self‐Healable and Desolvation Shield for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Haoran , Zhao Ruirui , Yang Ying , Liu Zhikang , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractArtificial interfaces can alleviate the side reactions and the formation of the metallic (e.g., Li, Na, and Zn) dendrites. However, the traditional ones always breakdown during the repeated plating/stripping and fail to regulate the electrodeposition behaviors of the electrodes. Herein, a self‐healable ion regulator (SIR) is designed as a desolvation shield to protect the Zn electrodes and guide the Zn electrodeposition. Benefiting from the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, SIR shows a superb capability to in situ repair the plating/stripping‐induced cracks. Besides, the results of theoretical calculations and electrochemical characterizations show that the coating reduces water molecules in the solvated sheath of hydrated Zn2+and restrains the random Zn2+diffusion on the Zn surface. Even with a coating layer of only 360 nm, the SIR‐modified Zn electrode exhibits excellent long‐term stability for >3500 h at 2 mAh cm−2and >950 h at an ultrahigh areal capacity of 20 mAh cm−2.
Dearomative Cyclopropanation of Naphthols via Cyclopropene Ring‐Opening
Authors: Baker Rachel J. , Ching Justin , Hou Teh Ren , Franzoni Ivan , Lautens Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe dearomatization of 2‐naphthols represents a simple method for the construction of complex 3D structures from simple planar starting materials. We describe a cyclopropanation of 2‐naphthols that proceeds via cyclopropene ring‐opening using rhodium and acid catalysis under mild conditions. The vinyl cyclopropane molecules were formed with high chemoselectivity and scalability, which could be further functionalized at different sites. Both computational and experimental evidence were used to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
Mechanochemical Grignard Reactions with Gaseous CO2 and Sodium Methyl Carbonate**
Authors: Pfennig Victoria S. , Villella Romina C. , Nikodemus Julia , Bolm Carsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA one‐pot, three‐step protocol for the preparation of Grignard reagents from organobromides in a ball mill and their subsequent reactions with gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) or sodium methyl carbonate providing aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids in up to 82 % yield is reported. Noteworthy are the short reaction times and the significantly reduced solvent amounts [2.0 equiv. for liquid assisted grinding (LAG) conditions]. Unexpectedly, aryl bromides with methoxy substituents lead to symmetric ketones as major products.
Efficient Long‐Range Triplet Exciton Transport by Metal–Metal Interaction at Room Temperature
Authors: Wan Qingyun , Li Dian , Zou Jiading , Yan Tengfei , Zhu Ruidan , Xiao Ke , Yue Shuai , Cui Xiaodong , Weng Yuxiang , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEfficient and long‐range exciton transport is critical for photosynthesis and opto‐electronic devices, and for triplet‐harvesting materials, triplet exciton diffusion length (
) and coefficient (
) are key parameters in determining their performances. Herein, we observed that PtII and PdII organometallic nanowires exhibit long‐range anisotropic triplet exciton LD of 5–7 μm along the M−M direction using direct photoluminescence (PL) imaging technique by low‐power continuous wave (CW) laser excitation. At room temperature, via a combined triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) analysis and spatial PL imaging, an efficient triplet exciton diffusion was observed for the PtII and PdII nanowires with extended close M−M contact, while is absent in nanowires without close M−M contact. Two‐dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) and calculations revealed a significant contribution of the delocalized 1/3[dσ*(M−M)→π*] excited state during the exciton diffusion modulated by the M−M distance.
Transforming Electrocatalytic Biomass Upgrading and Hydrogen Production from Electricity Input to Electricity Output
Authors: Wang Tehua , Huang Zhifeng , Liu Tianyang , Tao Li , Tian Jing , Gu Kaizhi , Wei Xiaoxiao , Zhou Peng , Gan Lang , Du Shiqian , Zou Yuqin , Chen Ru , Li Yafei , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntegrating biomass upgrading and hydrogen production in an electrocatalytic system is attractive both environmentally and in terms of sustainability. Conventional electrolyser systems coupling anodic biosubstrate electrooxidation with hydrogen evolution reaction usually require electricity input. Herein, we describe the development of an electrocatalytic system for simultaneous biomass upgrading, hydrogen production, and electricity generation. In contrast to conventional furfural electrooxidation, the employed low‐potential furfural oxidation enabled the hydrogen atom of the aldehyde group to be released as gaseous hydrogen at the anode at a low potential of approximately 0 VRHE (vs. RHE). The integrated electrocatalytic system could generate electricity of about 2 kWh per cubic meter of hydrogen produced. This study may provide a transformative technology to convert electrocatalytic biomass upgrading and hydrogen production from a process requiring electricity input into a process to generate electricity.