bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE JUSTICIA Y SUS PROPUESTAS DE RENOVACIÓN
Authors: CARRETERO GONZÁLEZ CRISTINA 
Published: December 2021

Dado que la Administración de Justicia no ha gozado tradicionalmente
de una imagen inmejorable, los distintos gobiernos que se vienen sucediendo
desde hace años han tratado de superar sus diversas carencias. En estas
páginas repasamos algunas de las iniciativas previas que han ido preparando el
camino para lo que desde el Ministerio de Justicia en 2009 se ha propuesto como
instrumento para mejorar su Administración. El Ministerio ha fijado varios bloques
de actuaciones referidos a la modernización de la Justicia: en la búsqueda de
una mejora en la calidad de prestación de este servicio público; en su realización
de una manera más profesionalizada y cualificada; con la utilización de las tecnologías
acordes al momento histórico; intentando que el ciudadano sea el protagonista
de la Justicia; y que al tiempo se propicie el fortalecimiento de la dimensión
internacional de la misma. Analizamos estas cuestiones y nos cuestionamos a su
vez las posibilidades de su realización.
Justizia Administrazioak ez duenez betitik ospe paregabea
izan, urteak joan eta urteak etorri gobernuek beti egin izan dute ahalegina arlo
horri falta zaiona osatzen. Orri hauetan, Administrazioa hobetzeko Justizia Ministerioak
2009. urtean proposatu duten erreminta sortu aurretik, sortzeko, egin izan
diren ekimen eta ahaleginak errepasatuko ditugu. Ministerioak hainbat ekintzabloke
finkatu ditu, Justizia modernizatu nahian: zerbitzu publiko hori ematean kalitatea
hobetzeko lanak; zerbitzua modu profesional eta kualifikatuagoan ematea;
unean-unean egunean dauden teknologiak erabiltzea; herritarra jartzea Justiziako
kontuetan protagonista; eta, aldi berean, justiziaren alde internazionala sendotzea.
Kontu horiek aztertuko ditugu, eta benetan gauzatzeko aukerarik benetan ba
ote dagoen galdetuko diogu gure buruari.
Since the Administration of Justice has not traditionally enjoyed an
excellent image, the different succesive cabinets have tried to overcome its various
deficiencies. In these pages, we review some of the previous initiatives which
paved the way to what the Ministry of Justice proposed in 2009 as the instrument
for improving its Administration. The Ministry has established several areas of
action refered to the modernization of justice: the search for an improvement in
the quality of this public service; a more professional and qualified performance;
using technologies appropriate to the historic moment; trying to make citizens the
major figures for the Justice; and at the same time that the strenghtening of the
international dimension is gained. We analyze those questions and we ask ourselves
at the same time the possibilities for its realization.
INTER ARMA SILENT LEGES (NOTAS SOBRE DEL DERECHO DE EXCEPCIÓN)
Authors: CASTELLS ARTECHE JOSÉ MANUEL 
Published: December 2021

Se hace notar que en situaciones de excepción, sea en un aspecto
coyuntural (la actual crisis económica), sea estructural (las medidas de emergencia
justificadas en razones de necesidad), se afecta normalmente aunque no necesariamente
a los principios propios de un Estado de Derecho. Se aportan ejemplos
de la realidad actual o de momentos claves de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo
de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica.
Salbuespeneko egoeretan, dela egoera koiunturala (egungo krisi
ekonomikoa), dela egiturazkoa (premiagatik justifikatuta dauden larrialdiko neurriak),
gehienetan, baina ez beti, Zuzenbide Estatutuaren printzipio funtsezkoetara
jotzen da. Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Epaitegi Gorenaren jurisprudentziaren
gaur egungo errealitatearen edo une gailurren adibideak aztertzen dira.
It is pointed out that in exceptional circumstances, either from
a temporary point of view (current economic crisis) or from a structural point of
view (emergency measures justified by reasons of necessity), is normally affected
albeit not necessarily the same principles of the Rule of Law. Some current real
examples or key moments in United States¿ Supreme Court case law are provided.
LAS FUNDACIONES Y LA CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA
Authors: RAZQUIN LIZARRAGA MARTÍN MARÍA 
Published: December 2021

El estudio expone cómo las fundaciones están sujetas a las normas
sobre contratación pública, principalmente, por exigencia del Derecho comunitario
Europeo. Y no sólo las fundaciones del sector público sino también
aquellas fundaciones del sector privado que pueden estar controladas por un organismo
público o bien reciben subvenciones procedentes de organismos públicos.
Las fundaciones son entes privados pero están sujetas en determinados casos
en sus contratos a normas administrativas, en concreto, a la Ley de Contrato
del Sector Público.
Ikerketa honek erakusten du fundazioak kontratazio publikoari
buruzko arauen men daudela, batez ere, halaxe eskatzen duelako Europako Erkidegoko
Zuzenbideak. Sektore publikoko fundazioek ez ezik, sektore pribatuko fundazioek
ere obligazio bera daukate, baldin eta organismo publiko batek kontratatzen
baditu edo organismo publikoen diru-laguntzak jasotzen badituzte. Fundazioak
erakunde pribatuak dira, baina zenbait kasutan administrazio-arauei lotuta daude,
zehazki, Sektore Publikoaren Legeari.
This study puts forward how foundations are subjected to the
rules on public procurement, chiefly as a requirement of European Law. And not
only public foundations but also private foundations that might be controlled
by a public body or just get subsidies by public institutions. The foundations are
private entities but they are subjected in some cases to administrative provisions,
specifically the Act on Public Procurement.
Prevalence of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients with Chronic Facial Pain in Neurology Lrh Hospital Peshawar.
Authors: Ali Saad , Salam Zahwa , Ullah Shakir , Alam Mehtab , Kumar Harwindar 
Published: December 2021

Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) consist of brief periodic but severe and chronic facial pain in acial region in single or multiple branches of the trigeminal nerve.
Objective: The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of TN in patients with chronic facial pain.
Methodology: This cross sectional observational study was conducted at Department of Neurology OPD Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. 46 patients with chronic facial pain were selected for the study. All data was taken on a structured Performa and was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Using non probability consecutive sampling after taking approval from Ethical Committee of the hospital, study duration was 10 months from 25-1-2019 to 25-10-2019.
Results: Out of 46 patients, there were 18 (39.1%) males and 28 (60.9%) females. The mean age of the patients was 50.67, the Standard Deviation recorded was 11.56. Minimum age was 21 and maximum age was 67. 23. Out of 31 patients diagnosed with TN had history of tooth extraction and 8 had no extraction. Out of 31 patients presented with TN, right side was involved in 24 (52.2%) patients and left side was involved in 7 (15.2%) patients. Mandibular never was more common in the patients with TN which was 37% followed by maxillary nerve 21.7%, and ophthalmic nerve at 8.7%. Majority of the patients 28 (75.7%) belonged to the age group of 40 to 67. Females having TGN were 78% and males were 50%. Right side (52.2%) was more involved than left side. Mandibular division (37%) was more involved than maxillary and ophthalmic division.
Conclusion: We conclude that females are more at risk of developing TN than males. Increasing age has a higher chance of developing TN. Right side is more involved than left. Mandibular division is more involved than maxillary and ophthalmic.
Literature Review: Gambaran Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Stimulasi Persepsi Halusinasi Terhadap Kemampuan Mengontrol Halusinasi Pada Pasien Skizofrenia
Authors: Chaerunnisa Hida , Aktifah Nurul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHallucinations are mental disorders characterized by the loss of a person’s ability to distinguish real and unreal responses from objects in their environment. One of the ways to control this disorder is by applying group activity therapy of hallucinatyioms perception stimulations. It is conducted by perceiving various stimuli in the environtment to be discussed groups. This study aims to find out the effect of the therapy in controlling hallucinations on schizophrenic patients. In this literature review. The intervention showed the average value of pre-test was 8.00 and it achieved 12.00 of post-test with result of p value 0,001 (<0,005). This it p[roved the therapy has affected respondents’ ability on controlling hallucinations on schizophrenic patients. Therefore, it is recommended as one of the actions of nursing care to improve the ability to control hallucinations of schizophrenic patients.Keyword : group activity therapy of hallucinations perception stimulations, hallucinations
AbstrakHalusinasi merupakan kondisi gangguan jiwa yang ditandai dengan hilangnya kemampuan seseorang dalam membedakan respon yang nyata dan tidak nyata dari suatu objek yang ada di lingkungannya. Tindakan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengontrol halusinasi salah satunya adalah Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok (TAK) Stimulasi Persepsi Halusinasi. TAK stimulasi persepsi halusinasi dilakukan dengan cara mempersepsikan berbagai stimulasi yang ada di lingkungan untuk didiskusikan dalam kelompok. Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran pengaruh TAK stimulasi persepsi halusinasi terhadap kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi pasien skizofrenia. Desain: Karya tulis ilmiah ini adalah literature review. Hasil : Kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi menunjukkan nilai rata-rata pre test 8,00 dan post test 12,00 dengan hasil p value 0,001 (< 0,005). Kesimpulan : TAK stimulasi persepsi halusinasi berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan responden dalam mengontrol halusinasi pada pasien skizofrenia. Saran : Perawat dapat memberikan TAK stimulsi persepsi halusinasi sebagai salah satu tindakan asuhan keperawatan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengontrol halusinasi pasien skizofrenia.Kata kunci: Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok (TAK) stimulasi persepsi, halusinasi
Acute cerebral venous thrombosis – still underdiagnosed pathology in the emergency computed tomography of the brain
Authors: Jacków-Nowicka Jagoda , Jagiełło Jacek , Dziadkowiak Edyta , Bladowska Joanna , Sąsiadek Marek , Zimny Anna 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionAcute cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare condition that can lead to a serious clinical state; thus, prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory. Head computed tomography (CT) plays a crucial role in the initial prompt diagnosis in the emergency setting. The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyse emergency head CT studies and the rate of incorrect diagnoses and main sources of pitfalls.Material and methodsRetrospective analysis of 31 emergency CT studies (22 without contrast, 19F/12M, age range: 4-94 years) of patients with confirmed acute CVT.ResultsThrombosed dural sinuses were found in 24/31 (77.4%) cases, thrombosed veins in 7/31 (22.6%) cases, no lesions within vessels in 2/31 (6.5%) cases. Haemorrhagic brain lesions were found in 9/31 (29%) cases, hypodense oedema in 6/31 (19.6%) cases, brain swelling in 1/31 (3.2%) cases, and no parenchymal lesions were revealed in 15/31 (48.4%) cases. Correct diagnosis of CVT was established in 15 cases (48.4%); however, it was incorrect in 16 cases (51.6%). Incorrect cases consist of 4 groups: 1 – with both vascular and parenchymal lesions that were overlooked (50%), 2 – with vascular lesions only, which were either overlooked, misinterpreted, or covered by artefacts (31.3%,), 3 – with parenchymal lesions only, which were misinterpreted (12.5%), and 4 – with no lesions present in the emergency head CT (6.2%).ConclusionsThe high rate of incorrect diagnoses of acute CVT based on emergency head CT requires constant training of radiologists and their close cooperation with clinicians because a delayed diagnosis may be lethal to the patient.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ HÌNH ẢNH HỌC GÃY CỘT SỐNG CỔ KIỂU GIỌT LỆ
Authors: Quang Hùng Ngô , Văn Hoè Vũ , Kim Trung Hà , Thành Bắc Nguyễn 
Published: December 2021

Mục tiêu: Mô tả một số đặc điểm lâm sàng, hình ảnh Xquang quy ước, cắt lớp vi tính (CLVT) và cộng hưởng từ (CHT) của gãy cột sống cổ kiểu giọt lệ do chấn thương. Phương pháp: Chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả lâm sàng có can thiệp không có nhóm chứng 43 BN gãy đốt sống cổ kiểu giọt lệ được phẫu thuật tại Bệnh viện Việt Đức và Bệnh viện Xanh Pôn từ tháng 1 năm 2016 – tháng 12 năm 2019. Kết quả: Tỉ lệ nam/nữ là 4/1. Tuổi trung bình là 38,02 ± 12,56 tuổi. Đau cổ (100%) và đau kiểu rễ (55,81%) là hai triệu chứng cơ năng thường gặp nhất. Phân loại tổn thương tuỷ theo thang điểm ASIA, nhóm A (30,23%) và nhóm D (27,91%) có tỉ lệ nhiều nhất. Tỉ lệ tổn thương thần kinh là 79,07%. Phân loại hôi chứng tủy cổ theo thang điểm mJOA trước mổ, tỉ lệ tổn thương mức độ trung bình đến nặng chiếm 62,8%. Tổn thương đốt sống C5 là thường gặp nhất chiếm 39,53%. Chủ yếu tổn thương do cơ chế quá gập. Kết luận: Gãy đốt sống kiểu giọt lệ thường gặp ở nam giới độ tuổi lao động do tai nan lao động ngã cao và tai nạn giao thông xe máy. Vị trí tổn thương hay gặp nhất là đốt sống C5 và tổn thương theo cơ chế gập. Hình thái tổn thương trên CLVT và CHT có liên quan tới tổn thương thần kinh trên lâm sàng.
KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ PHẪU THUẬT U ĐẶC GIẢ NHÚ Ở THÂN ĐUÔI TUỴ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN VIỆT ĐỨC
Authors: Minh Trọng Nguyễn , Kiều Hưng Nguyễn , Bá Đức Phạm , Thị Khuyên Nguyễn , Hoàng Hà Phạm , Hồng Sơn Trịnh 
Published: December 2021

Mục tiêu: Kết quả điều trị phẫu thuật u đặc giả nhú ở thân đuôi tuỵ tại Bệnh viện Việt Đức. Đối tượng và phương pháp: nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 24 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán u đặc giả nhú ở thân đuôi tuỵ được điều trị phẫu thuật bệnh viện Việt Đức từ 01/2016 đến 12/2020. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình mắc u đặc giả nhú tuỵ là 24 ± 10,2 tuổi (7 – 45 tuổi), chủ yếu là nữ (91,7%), tỷ lệ nam/nữ là 1/11. Lý do vào viện do đau bụng (62,5%) là chủ yếu. Thời gian trung bình phát hiện bệnh là 3,7 tháng. Triệu chứng đau bụng chiếm 75,0%, sờ thấy u chiếm 8,3%. Đặc điểm cắt lớp vi tính thấy u chủ yếu ở thân tuỵ (45,8%), cấu trúc dạng đặc (70,8%) và kích thước u trung bình là 5,8 ± 2,56 cm (2,3 – 11,7). Mổ nội soi có 4 trường hợp chiếm 16,7%. Phẫu thuật cắt thân đuôi tuỵ kèm lách (50,0%). 62,5% bệnh nhân làm HMMD khẳng định u đặc giả nhú. Kết luận: u đặc giả nhú của tụy được xếp là u tụy ngoại tiết ác tính khi có độ loạn sản cao. Phẫu thuật vẫn là phương pháp điều trị chính và thời gian sống thêm sau mổ cao.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK GEL LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Fatimah Slamet Basuki Siti , Prasetyaningsih Yuliana , Yostika Baru Hermina 
Published: December 2021

Jerawat adalah suatu keadaan dimana pori-pori kulit tersumbat sehingga timbul bintik merah dan abses yang meradang pada kulit. Pengobatan jerawat dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian antibiotik, namun mempunyai resiko resistensi terhadap tubuh dan dapat mengiritasi kulit.Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diperlukan pengobatan alternatif menggunakan ekstrak gel Lidah buaya (Aloe vera) yang mempunyai kandungan tanin, lignin, saponin dan.barboloin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak gel lidah buaya (Aloe vera) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan metode difusi cara sumuran. Ekstrak gel lidah buaya diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 70% sebagai pelarut. Ekstrak gel lidah buaya yang diperoleh kemudian diencerkan dengan menggunakan PEG 5% pada konsentrasi 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% dan 100%. Sampel bakteri Propionibacterium acnes diperoleh dari jerawat orang yang matang yang diidentifikasi di laboratorium. Kontrol positif menggunakan klindamisin dan kontrol negatif menggunakanPEG 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak gel lidah buaya pada konsentrasi 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% dan 100% memiliki rata-rata diameter zona hambat terhadap Propionibacterium acnes sebesar 6,7 mm; 8,3 mm;12,7 mm; 14,7 mm; 17,3 mm. Kontrol positif (klindamisin) sebesar 20,7 mm dan kontrol negatif (PEG 5 %) tidak memiliki nilai untuk dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Ekstrak gel lidah buaya pada konsentrasi 80%, 90 dan 100% efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes, sedangkan konsentrasi 60% dan 70% tidak efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes.
Is the ocean surface a source of nitrous acid (HONO) in the marine boundary layer?
Authors: Crilley Leigh R. , Kramer Louisa J. , Pope Francis D. , Reed Chris , Lee James D. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Hollis Lloyd D. J. , Ball Stephen M. , Bloss William J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Nitrous acid, HONO, is a key net photolytic precursor to OH
radicals in the atmospheric boundary layer. As OH is the dominant
atmospheric oxidant, driving the removal of many primary pollutants and the
formation of secondary species, a quantitative understanding of HONO sources is important to predict atmospheric oxidising capacity. While a number of
HONO formation mechanisms have been identified, recent work has ascribed
significant importance to the dark, ocean-surface-mediated conversion of
NO2 to HONO in the coastal marine boundary layer. In order to evaluate
the role of this mechanism, here we analyse measurements of HONO and related
species obtained at two contrasting coastal locations – Cabo Verde
(Atlantic Ocean, denoted Cape Verde herein), representative of the clean remote tropical marine
boundary layer, and Weybourne (United Kingdom), representative of
semi-polluted northern European coastal waters. As expected, higher average
concentrations of HONO (70 ppt) were observed in marine air for the more
anthropogenically influenced Weybourne location compared to Cape Verde (HONO < 5 ppt). At both sites, the approximately constant HONO/NO2
ratio at night pointed to a low importance for the dark, ocean-surface-mediated conversion of NO2 into HONO, whereas the midday maximum in the
HONO/NO2 ratios indicated significant contributions from photo-enhanced
HONO formation mechanisms (or other sources). We obtained an upper limit to
the rate coefficient of dark, ocean-surface HONO-to-NO2 conversion of
CHONO = 0.0011 ppb h−1 from the Cape Verde observations; this
is a factor of 5 lower than the slowest rate reported previously. These
results point to significant geographical variation in the predominant HONO
formation mechanisms in marine environments and indicate that caution is
required when extrapolating the importance of such mechanisms from
individual study locations to assess regional and/or global impacts on
oxidising capacity. As a significant fraction of atmospheric processing
occurs in the marine boundary layer, particularly in the tropics, better
constraint of the possible ocean surface source of HONO is important for a
quantitative understanding of chemical processing of primary trace gases in
the global atmospheric boundary layer and associated impacts upon air
pollution and climate.
Options to correct local turbulent flux measurements for large-scale fluxes using an approach based on large-eddy simulation
Authors: Mauder Matthias , Ibrom Andreas , Wanner Luise , De Roo Frederik , Brugger Peter , Kiese Ralf , Pilegaard Kim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The eddy-covariance method provides the most direct
estimates for fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere. However,
dispersive fluxes can occur in the presence of secondary circulations, which
can inherently not be captured by such single-tower measurements. In this
study, we present options to correct local flux measurements for such
large-scale transport based on a non-local parametric model that has been
developed from a set of idealized large-eddy simulations. This method is
tested for three real-world sites (DK-Sor, DE-Fen, and DE-Gwg), representing
typical conditions in the mid-latitudes with different measurement heights,
different terrain complexities, and different landscape-scale heterogeneities.
Two ways to determine the boundary-layer height, which is a necessary input
variable for modelling the dispersive fluxes, are applied, which are either based on
operational radio soundings and local in situ measurements for the flat sites
or from backscatter-intensity profiles obtained from co-located ceilometers
for the two sites in complex terrain. The adjusted total fluxes are
evaluated by assessing the improvement in energy balance closure and by
comparing the resulting latent heat fluxes with evapotranspiration rates
from nearby lysimeters. The results show that not only the accuracy of the
flux estimates is improved but also the precision, which is indicated by
RMSE values that are reduced by approximately 50 %. Nevertheless, it needs
to be clear that this method is intended to correct for a bias in
eddy-covariance measurements due to the presence of large-scale dispersive
fluxes. Other reasons potentially causing a systematic underestimated or
overestimation, such as low-pass filtering effects and missing storage
terms, still need to be considered and minimized as much as possible.
Moreover, additional transport induced by surface heterogeneities is not
considered.
Aeolus L2A aerosol optical properties product: standard correct algorithm and Mie correct algorithm
Authors: Flament Thomas , Trapon Dimitri , Lacour Adrien , Dabas Alain , Ehlers Frithjof , Huber Dorit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Aeolus carries the Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument (ALADIN), the first high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) in space. Although ALADIN is optimized to measure winds, its two measurement channels can also be used to derive optical properties of atmospheric particles, including a direct retrieval of the lidar ratio. This paper presents the standard correct algorithm and the Mie correct algorithm, the two main algorithms of the optical properties product called the Level-2A product, as they are implemented in version 3.12 of the processor, corresponding to the data labelled Baseline 12. The theoretical basis is the same as in Flamant et al. (2008). Here, we also show the in-orbit performance of these algorithms. We also explain the adaptation of the calibration method, which is needed to cope with unforeseen variations of the instrument radiometric performance due to the in-orbit strain of the primary mirror under varying thermal conditions. Then we discuss the limitations of the algorithms and future improvements. We demonstrate that the L2A product provides valuable information about airborne particles; in particular, we demonstrate the capacity to retrieve a useful lidar ratio from Aeolus observations. This is illustrated using Saharan dust aerosol observed in June 2020.