bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanopore metagenomic sequencing of influenza virus directly from respiratory samples: diagnosis, drug resistance and nosocomial transmission, United Kingdom, 2018/19 influenza season
Authors: Xu Yifei , Lewandowski Kuiama , Downs Louise O , Kavanagh James , Hender Thomas , Lumley Sheila , Jeffery Katie , Foster Dona , Sanderson Nicholas D , Vaughan Ali , Morgan Marcus , Vipond Richard , Carroll Miles , Peto Timothy , Crook Derrick , Walker A Sarah , Matthews Philippa C , Pullan Steven T 
Published: July 2021

Background
Influenza virus presents a considerable challenge to public health by causing seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Nanopore metagenomic sequencing has the potential to be deployed for near-patient testing, providing rapid infection diagnosis, rationalising antimicrobial therapy, and supporting infection-control interventions.

Aim
To evaluate the applicability of this sequencing approach as a routine laboratory test for influenza in clinical settings.

Methods
We conducted Oxford Nanopore Technologies (Oxford, United Kingdom (UK)) metagenomic sequencing for 180 respiratory samples from a UK hospital during the 2018/19 influenza season, and compared results to routine molecular diagnostic standards (Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV assay; BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2 assay). We investigated drug resistance, genetic diversity, and nosocomial transmission using influenza sequence data.

Results
Compared to standard testing, Nanopore metagenomic sequencing was 83% (75/90) sensitive and 93% (84/90) specific for detecting influenza A viruses. Of 59 samples with haemagglutinin subtype determined, 40 were H1 and 19 H3. We identified an influenza A(H3N2) genome encoding the oseltamivir resistance S331R mutation in neuraminidase, potentially associated with an emerging distinct intra-subtype reassortant. Whole genome phylogeny refuted suspicions of a transmission cluster in a ward, but identified two other clusters that likely reflected nosocomial transmission, associated with a predominant community-circulating strain. We also detected other potentially pathogenic viruses and bacteria from the metagenome.

Conclusion
Nanopore metagenomic sequencing can detect the emergence of novel variants and drug resistance, providing timely insights into antimicrobial stewardship and vaccine design. Full genome generation can help investigate and manage nosocomial outbreaks.
Analysis of regional financial independence, potential for growth, and health services: A case study of regencies/cities in South Sulawesi
Authors: Iskandar Azwar 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to analyze: (1) the financial independence and commitment of health services in the region; (2) the potential for growth in supporting health services in the region; and (3) the relationship pattern between financial independence and regional potential for growth to achieve the goal of fulfilling health service commitments in the region. This research is explanatory research using a quantitative approach. The results show that: (1) the average level of financial independence of regencies/cities in South Sulawesi Province fall under the high category and relatively independent in terms of source and allocation of regional budgets; (2) the average growth of all regencies/cities in South Sulawesi Province shows positive figures which implies that the prospect of their economic growth has accelerated along with several problems in each regency/city; (3) some regencies/cities with large APBD do not have an increased allocation of resources for health expenditure. On the contrary, some regencies/cities that fall under the category of low budget and financial independence have a better commitment to health service and expenditure. In addition, almost all regencies/cities categorized as having good potential for growth ended up having low performance in health expenditure. The local government has carried out fiscal decentralization, which is defined as the freedom for regions in carrying out policies related to budget politics in the region. Notwithstanding the preceding, the role of the central government is still greatly expected to advocate for the improvement of health expenditure quality.
A STUDY ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF MGNREGA HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: Muneeswaran P. , Sundarapandian C. 
Published: July 2021

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) 2005 is one of the foremost social security in India. It guarantees minimum wage, reduces poverty and checks large scale migration in rural India. It has reduced rural hunger. After implementation of MGNREGA, the Planning Commission estimated that the poverty among Scheduled Castes () in rural areas fell 22 percentage points- from 53.5 per cent in 2004-05 to 31.5 per cent in 2011-12. For that reason, the study focuses on income distribution and the conditions of MGNREGA workers and their households in district of Tamil state. The sample size of this research work is 345 MGNREGA Scheduled Castes () workers. The study found that there is a significant level of association existing between the annual income of MGNREGA workers/households and their conditions, such as the participants’ gender, age, community and occupation, type of family, size of family, number of employees and migrant workers of the family in the study area.At the same time this study found that there is no significant level association existing between annual income and conditions such as education, type of houses, and marital status. Hence, the MGNREGA is one of themajor factors in determining the income level and also the conditions of the of scheduled castes workers in the study area.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG IKAN SAPU-SAPU DALAM PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP PERFORMA IKAN PATIN (Pangasius sp)
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Rita Rostika  
Published: July 2021

Tepung ikan merupakan salah satu komponen pakan ikan yang memiliki harga tinggi, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk mencari alternatif pengganti dari sumber alam sekitar sehingga harga pakan menjadi lebih ekonomis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Hatchery Laboratorium Akuakultur, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Padjadjaran, sedangkan analisis proksimat bahan pakan dan pakan uji, pembuatan tepung ikan sapu-sapu dilakukan Laboratorium Kimia dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung ikan sapu-sapu dalam pakan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) sebagai salah satu upaya alternatif penyediaan sumber protein dalam pakan ikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri dari 5 (lima) perlakuan dan masing-masing diulang 3 (tiga) kali. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah penambahan tepung ikan sapu-sapu dalam pakan buatan sebanyak 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20%. Parameter yang diamati pada akhir penelitian meliputi pertumbuhan mutlak, tingkat konsumsi dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung sapu-sapu sebesar 10% dalam pakan memberikan hasil terbaik, dimana pertumbuhan mutlak ikan patin sebesar 1.88 gram, konsumsi 10.46 gram/hari, dan sintasan sebesar 97,7%. Berdasarkan pengamatan, penggunaan tepung sapu-sapu sampai tingkat 20% dalam pakan tidak menimbulkan pengaruh negatif terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan patin, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti tepung ikan alternatif dalam pakan ikan.
AN ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS IN A STUDENT TEXTBOOK AT SECONDARY SCHOOL IN 8th GRADE
Authors: Simorangkir Raja Daud , Naibaho Tumiur Ririn Afriani , Sinambela Pennalia , Panjaitan Chyntia Tiodora 
Published: July 2021

Learning English is very important for education because English is one of the most used language in the world. This paper was conducted to students 8th secondary school. The findings of the English On Sky 2 By Erlangga to find out whether be English text book use for the secondary school. This book developed the skills suggested by the school-based curriculum and communicative exercises. The second book is Bahasa Inggris Communicative English in Context by Grafindo. This book discusses written and interpersonal text interaction learning material. The third book is When English Rings a Bell by PT Gramedia. In this book students are invited to boldly seek other learning resources available and within reach.. After learn these books the students can increase their knowledge about English education.
Investigating the Problems encountered by EFL Students in Translating English Idioms into Arabic or Vice Versa
Authors: Mabrook Abdelazim 
Published: July 2021

Translating idioms is an indispensable part of human life which involves language, thought and action. This study aims to investigate the problems encountered by EFL students in translating English idioms into Arabic or vice versa and set up some solutions. The study hypothesizes that university students are unable to translate idioms from English to Arabic and vice versa. To fulfil this study, the descriptive-analytic method is used and to be followed. A questionnaire is used as data collection instruments. The sample of the study consisted of (20) students from the third and fourth school year at Onaizah Colleges, Qassim, K.S.A. The study found that the differences in the average of the consensus are in favour of the variables that translating idioms is a problematic area for Saudi EFL students. Likewise, EFL students are confused in translating idioms from English to Arabic and vice versa due to poor vocabulary and fixed idiomatic expressions. Moreover, EFL students translate the idioms from English to Arabic and vice versa literally. The study recommends that EFL students should be exposed to a variety of vocabulary, fixed and idiomatic expression in translation tasks. Also, they must be aware of the cultural differences in translation idioms. The study further recommends that deploying fixed and idiomatic expressions in schools' and colleges' aisles could benefit the students in translation.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bola Voli Melalui Modifikasi Permainan Bola Voli Mini Siswa Kelas VI SDN 020 Rambah Hilir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Asri Asri 
Published: July 2021

Pembelajaran penjas orkes yang sering kali tidak sesuai dengan karateristik siswa membuat kreativitas anak menjadi terabaikan dan hasil pembelajaran menjadi kurang maksimal. Maka perlu adanya modifikasi media pembelajaran yang sesungguhnya. Permasalahan pembelajaran menggunakan modifikasi bola voli mini dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar bola voli pada siswa kelas VI SDN 020 Rambah Hilir Kabupaten Rokan HuluTahun Pelajaran 2018/2019?” Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui meningkatnya hasil belajar bola voli melalui modifikasi bola voli mini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di VI SDN 020 Rambah hilir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VI yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi (pengamatan), dan refleksi.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan lembar observasi serta angket/kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pemahaman siswa terhadap materi sepak bola. Data hasil pengamatan siklus I dan II yaitu: unjuk kerja (psikomotor) diperoleh hasil sebesar 56,58% dan 77,21% dengan kriteria baik. Data hasil pengamatan sikap dan perilaku (afektif) adalah 63,67% dan 78,04% dengan kriteria baik. Data hasil penilaian pemahaman siswa (kognitif) sebesar 54,17% dan 95,83% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Berdasarkan perbandingan hasil yang dicapai antara siklus I dan siklus II, secara keseluruhan nilai yang diperoleh untuk setiap aspek terdapat peningkatan. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian diatas, disumpilkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan modifikasi bola voli mini dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar bola voli siswa. Oleh karena itu diharapkan bagi siswa dengan adanya modifikasi permainan bola voli mini agar lebih semangat lagi mengikuti pembelajaran penjasorkes, bagi guru penjasorkes di VI SDN 020 Rambah hilir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 dapat menggunakan modifikasi bola voli mini dalam pembelajaran bola voli, menggunakan modifikasi permainan bola voli mini sebagai alternatif pembelajaran penjasorkes, senagai sekolah juga diharapkan untuk meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana yang ada sebagai penunjang dalam pembelajaran penjasorkes.
ANALISIS SISA PEMBAGIAN DARI SIGMA 13i PANGKAT m DENGAN i DARI 1 SAMPAI n OLEH PEMBAGI 2
Authors: Riki Mustafa Satria 
Published: July 2021

Divisibility of finite sums of power of integers such as , , and has been developed by authors in some books and articles. In this article will be discussion residual of result division divisible by two by using divisibility concept and formulate it based on residual of result division that is listed into tables.
METHODS OF COMPARATIVE STATICS AND DYNAMICS IN THE THEORY OF ECONOMIC CYCLES
Authors: Voronin Anatolii , Gunko Olga 
Published: July 2021

The subject of this work is the problem of describing the dynamic behavior of the price in the market of one product. The typical balance of interaction of supply and demand functions depending on the price is considered. The dynamic model of price evolution is based on the assumption that the demand function at a given time depends on the supply function at all previous points in time, i.e. there is a process with an aftereffect. The core of the integral transformation is a characteristic of the second order, which can initiate periodic regimes in price variables. The aim of the work is to synthesize a mathematical model of price changes in the market of one product and study the stability of its equilibrium states with the manifestation of the structure of marginal cycles. The task of the study is to demonstrate the degree of connection between the problem of stability of equilibrium and the problem of obtaining fruitful results in comparative statics. This duality is the principle of conformity of P. Samuelson. The basic mathematical model of the studied process of price dynamics is a system of two nonlinear differential equations of the first order. The research methods are the nonlinear theory of analysis of dynamical systems, the mathematical theory of stability of systems of differential equations, the conceptual apparatus of analysis of typical bifurcations of birth (death) of the boundary cycle, known as the Andronov-Hopf bifurcation. As a result of a detailed analysis of the properties and parameters of self-oscillating modes, a double cycle is revealed, i.e. there is a fact of coexistence around the equilibrium state of stable and unstable limit cycles. Subsequent mathematical transformations prove that the line of demarcation of these two cycles is completely determined by the static parameters of the studied system, which illustrates the mechanism of action of the principle of conformity of P. Samuelson. Conclusions: on the example of the functioning of the labor market, a comprehensive analysis of the stability of two positive equilibrium states, which characterize the effects of substitution and income. Computer simulations are used to perform computational experiments that demonstrate self-oscillating modes of price changes. As a result of the analysis of the obtained numerical results, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the stability of the limit cycle in the vicinity of the equilibrium state, which corresponds to the substitution effect.
Dynamics of quality of life indicators of patients with hemorrhagic hemisphere stroke at the early recovery period of the disease
Authors: Medvedkova S. O. , Dronova A. O. 
Published: July 2021

Objective — to investigate the indicators of the quality of life in patients suffering from a hemorrhagic hemispherestroke in the early recovery period in dynamics using SF‑36v2 questionnaire and to reveal the factors which affect these indicators.
Methods and subjects. An open‑label, cohort study of 46 patients suffering from a hemorrhagic hemispherestroke (HHS) in the early recovery period was performed in ZSMU nervous diseases clinic. Among the patients there were 31 (67.4 %) men and 15 (32.6 %) women. The average age of the patients was 57.15 ± 9.53 years. The patients underwent comprehensive investigation of HHS on the 30th, 90th, and 180th day of the disease using the following scales: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to objectively evaluate the condition severity; Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) to assess the rate of functional recuperation and disability; Barthel Index (BI) to evaluate the possibility of everyday skills and self‑care; Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) to indicate the muscle spasticity in the upper and lower limbs; quality of life assessment according to the SF‑36v2 Health Survey questionnaire.
Results. The study found that significant decrease of all life quality indicators, evaluated on SF‑36v2 scale, was observed on the 30th day of HHS patients. The physical functioning, the physical role functioning, and the social role functioning section scores were the most decreased. A reliable improvement of the physical and mental part of health during the early recovery period was observed.
Conclusions. A statistically significant correlation was found between the NIHSS, mRS, BI scores and all quality of life indicators according to SF‑36v2, except for the intensity of pain on the 30th day of the disease. A statistically significant effect of the presence of manifestations of spasticity on the physical component of health during the early recovery period, as well as on the indicator of pain intensity on the 30th day of the disease, was established.
The Functional Independence Measure and the Functional Assessment Measure (FIM + FAM) as an effective tool for the evaluation of functional status in stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Shuranova L. , Vacková J. 
Published: July 2021

The Functional Independence Measure and Functional Assessment Measure (FIM + FAM) is an effective, efficient, and objective tool for tracking changes in the motor, cognitive, and psychosocial functions of patients over the entire treatment and rehabilitation period. It is estimated that in the Czech Republic (CR), stroke is the third most common cause of death and the most common cause of adult disability. To develop faster, better, and more cost‑effective stroke treatments and reduce or mitigate functional losses and restrictive situations, it is very important that patients be objectively evaluated, relative to their functional abilities, as soon as possible after a stroke. A critical part of stroke treatment is to calculate the length of in‑hospital treatment and estimate the length of the rehabilitation period after the stroke. Contemporary methods for evaluating and analyzing a patient’s condition are based on test results and evidence.The FIM offers a more sensitive rating scale compared to BI due to the presence of cognitive items and is used worldwide for assessment during the acute stage of the disease. Thus, it is an efficient instrument for setting therapy goals and evaluating the effects of rehabilitation. Not only can it assist the therapist in clinical decision making, but it also functions as a tool for evaluating rehabilitation outcomes. Based on this test, short‑term and long‑term rehabilitation plans can be determined. At the end of the rehabilitation process, assessing the patient’s functional condition helps to predict the specific long‑term rehabilitation services the patient will need as they return to society and regain their quality of life.
Diagnostic value of migraine biomarker — calcitonin-gene-related peptide
Authors: Dubenko O. Y. , Chernenko A. G. 
Published: July 2021

Objective — to study the diagnostic significance of the serum level of calcitonin‑gene‑related peptide as a tool for the differential diagnosis of migraine with comorbid neck pain and tension of the pericranial muscles and cervicogenic headache.
Methods and subjects. The study included 112 patients (84 women, 28 men) aged from 18 to 58 years. In 77 patients episodic migraine was diagnosed (with a typical aura in 17 and without aura in 60 patients), in 35 patients suffered from cervicalgia with muscle‑tonic syndromes and cervicogenic headache. Among patients with migraine, 42 had concomitant cervicalgia with muscle‑tonic dysfunction. The examined patients were distributed into 3 clinical groups: I — combination of episodic migraine with cervicalgia, II — episodic migraine, III — cervicalgia without migraine. In all patients, pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale, the effect of migraine on daily activity and performance using the MIDAS and HIT‑6 scales, and the Neck Disability Index. The control group for comparing the serum level of CGRP consisted of 30 clinically healthy persons. The serum level of CGRP was determined by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay using the sandwich ELISA principle.
Results. In the group of patients with a combination of episodic migraine with cervicalgia and cervicogenic headache, compared with the group with isolated migraine, the number of days with headache over the last 3 months was higher (р < 0.001), the influence of headache on daily activity and performance according to the MIDAS scales and HIT‑6 was more significant (both р < 0.001) and the number of combined analgesics used was higher (р < 0.001). Plasma level of CGRP was statistically significantly higher in patients with episodic migraine compared with the group with cervicalgia without migraine (р < 0.05), where it did not differ from the control. The CGRP level was statistically significantly higher in women with migraine compared to men (р < 0.001), but did not differ in patients with migraine with and without aura (р > 0.05).
Conclusions. The serum level of calcitonin‑gene‑related peptide is a reliable diagnostic and differential diagnostic laboratory biomarker of episodic migraine. The presence of concomitant cervicalgia in patients with episodic migraine significantly affects the level of CGRP in the blood plasma and the course of the disease (an increase in the number of days with headache, the amount of analgesic use, decreased performance and daily activity).
Caracterización del crecimiento y producción de rodales forestales a partir de datos PNOA-LiDAR multitemporales en la provincia de Lugo
Authors: Salgado Fernández Lorena , López Sánchez Carlos Antonio , Colina Vuelta Arturo , Gil Docampo María Luz 
Published: July 2021

El cálculo de volúmenes forestales es una de las aplicaciones más comunes de la teledetección para apoyar la gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas forestales. En este estudio, se utilizan datos del 4º Inventario Forestal Nacional (IFN-4) y de la 1ª y 2ª encuesta nacional de Exploración Láser Aerotransportada (ALS) para desarrollar modelos de rendimiento predictivo y estimaciones directas para las tres principales especies forestales comerciales (Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster y Pinus radiata) cultivadas en la provincia de Lugo. La integración de ambos tipos de datos requirió una armonización previa debido a las diferencias en el tiempo de adquisición de los datos y las dificultades para geolocalizar con precisión las parcelas del IFN-4.
Los datos armonizados de E. globulus, P. pinaster y P. radiata se han utilizado para desarrollar modelos predictivos para determinar el volumen total con corteza (VCC) en un punto t diferente del de captura de los datos PNOA-LiDAR. Se ha calculado el incremento anual de volumen con corteza (IAVC) mediante la relación entre las variables de las parcelas IFN-4, con las métricas derivadas de los datos de PNOA-LiDAR, mediante el método de regresión lineal Random Forest (RF) y varias técnicas de aprendizaje automático. Estos datos también se utilizan para obtener valores VCC de forma directa mediante datos PNOA-LiDAR multitemporales, siendo estos últimos capturados en el tiempo t de proyección del otro método.