bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated With Extended Length of Hospital Stay After Geriatric Hip Fracture
Authors: Schneider Andrew M. , Denyer Steven , Brown Nicholas M. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Within the geriatric hip fracture population, there exists a subset of patients whose length of inpatient hospital stay is excessive relative to the average. A better understanding of the risk factors associated with this group would be of value so that targeted prevention efforts can be properly directed. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize the risk factors associated with an extended length of hospital stay (eLOS) in the geriatric hip fracture population. In addition, a statistical model was created to predict the probability of eLOS in a geriatric hip fracture patient.

Methods:
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2005 to 2018) was searched for patients aged ≥65 years who underwent hip fracture surgery. Patients with a hospital stay greater than or equal to 14 days were considered to have an eLOS. A multivariate logistic regression model using 24 patient characteristics from two-thirds of the study population was created to determine independent risk factors predictive of having an eLOS; the remaining one-third of the population was used for internal model validation. Regression analyses were performed to determine preoperative and postoperative risk factors for having an eLOS.

Results:
A total of 77,144 patients were included in the study. Preoperatively, male sex, dyspnea, ventilator use, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, American Society of Anesthesiologist class 3 and 4, and increased admission-to-operation time were among the factors associated with higher odds of having an eLOS (all P < 0.001). Postoperatively, patients with acute renal failure had the highest likelihood of eLOS (odds ratio [OR] 7.664), followed by ventilator use >48 hours (OR 4.784) and pneumonia (OR 4.332).

Discussion:
Among geriatric hip fracture patients, particular efforts should be directed toward optimizing those with preoperative risk factors for eLOS. Preemptive measures to target the postoperative complications with the strongest eLOS association may be beneficial for both the patient and the healthcare system as a whole.
The Early Development of the Vaccinia–Rabies Recombinant Vaccine Raboral®
Authors: Lathe Richard , Paule Kieny Marie 
Published: May 2021

The recombinant vaccinia–rabies vaccine, now known as Raboral®, has been widely used in Europe and North America to control/eliminate rabies in the principal wildlife vectors, and thus prevent human transmission. The origins of this vaccine are sometimes forgotten, although the formulation has not changed substantially in almost four decades. This groundbreaking vaccine was assembled by a team at a very young (at that time) genetic engineering company, Transgène, in Strasbourg, France. The joint leaders of the rabies vaccine team reflect, 36 years later, on the trials and tribulations that went hand in hand with the construction of the vaccine.
Review the bamboo-feeding genus Arcofaciella Fennah, 1956 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) with description of a new species from India
Authors: Li Hong-Xing , Chen Xiang-Sheng , Yang Lin 
Published: May 2021

The planthopper genus Arcofaciella Fennah, 1956 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) is reviewed. Four species are recognized, of which A. obflexa Guo & Liang, 2005 and A. verrucosa Fennah, 1956 are redescribed, and one new species, A. indiana sp. nov., is described. Habitus photos for adults and illustrations of male genitalia (excluding A. penangensis (Muir, 1919)) are given. A key for identifying the species of Arcofaciella is also provided.
Sobre lo sublime como categoría moral: notas para una lectura del Perì hýpsous de Pseudo-Longino
Authors: Fernández Iker Martínez 
Published: May 2021

La recepción del tratado Perì hýpsous en el pensamiento moderno y postmoderno ha enfatizado su condición de tratado de crítica literaria, hecho que ha contribuido decisivamente a encuadrar lo sublime en el ámbito de la estética. Sin embargo, una lectura contextualizada de la obra permite apreciar el valor pedagógico del concepto y su finalidad como elemento que contribuye a la fijación, a través de los textos literarios, de unos valores morales y políticos necesarios para la reproducción de la cultura.
The reception of the treatise Perì hýpsous in modern and postmodern thought has emphasized its status as a treatise on literary criticism, a fact that has decisively contributed to frame the sublime in the field of aesthetics. However, a contextualized reading of the work makes possible to appreciate the pedagogical value of the concept and its purpose as an element that contributes to establish, through literary texts, moral and political values necessary for the reproduction of culture.
Evaluation of cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from the gut-system of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and their potential values in biomass conversion
Authors: Dar Mudasir A. , Shaikh Afrin F. , Pawar Kiran D. , Xie Rongrong , Sun Jianzhong , Kandasamy Sabariswaran , Pandit Radhakrishna S. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a widely distributed, devastating pest of over 200 crop plants that mainly consist of some cellulosic materials. Despite its economic importance as a pest, little is known about the diversity and community structure of gut symbiotic bacteria potentially functioned in cellulose digestion in different gut-sections of H. armigera. In view of this lacuna, we attempted to evaluate and characterize cellulose-degrading bacteria (CDB) from foregut, midgut, and hindgut -regions of H. armigera by using a culture-dependent approach.

Methodology
The symbiotic bacteria were isolated from different gut-systems of H. armigera by enrichment techniques using Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) as carbon source. The isolated bacteria were purified and subsequently screened for cellulose-degradation by plate-based method to display the zones of CMC clearance around the colonies. The identification and phylogeny of the gut-bacteria were reconstructed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Different enzymes such as endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase were assayed to determine the cellulolytic repertoire of the isolated bacteria.

Results
The enrichment of CDB and subsequent plate based screening methods resulted in isolation of 71 bacteria among which 54% of the bacteria were obtained from foregut. Among the isolated bacteria, 25 isolates showed discernible cellulose-degradation potential on CMC-agar plates. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing affiliated these cellulolytic bacteria to two major phyla viz., Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The members of the genus Klebsiella accounted for 39.43% of the total isolated bacteria while 31% of the Bacillus strains were enriched from hindgut region. The principal component analysis (PCA) further suggested that the members of Bacillus and Klebsiella together dominated the foregut and hindgut regions as they accounted for 68% of the total CDB. The four potential isolates selected on the basis of plate-based activities were further evaluated for their lignocellulases production by using various agricultural wastes as substrates. The PCA of the enzyme activities demonstrated that potential isolates majorly secreted endoglucanase and xylanase enzymes. Among the agro-wastes, multivariate analysis validated wheat husk (WH) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as most favorable substrates for xylanase and endoglucanase productions respectively. The overall findings suggest that H. armigera harbors diverse bacterial communities in different gut-sections that could assist the host in digestion processes, which may potentially serve as a valuable reservoir of some unique symbionts applied for biomass conversion in biofuel industry.
Comparitive Study of Bactrial Flora among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Sukanya T. , Yuvarani . 
Published: May 2021

Bacterial vaginal infections are one of the least understood infections in perimenopausal and postmenopausal age group. This is the cross sectional study undertaken done to determine the prevalence of bacterial flora perimenopuasal and postmenopausal diabetic and non diabetic women attending Sree Balaji medical college and Hospital. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were significantly more in poorly controlled diabetics than those who were under control. Our present study provided important information regarding the vaginal ecology of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with and without diabetes. The relative depletion of lactobacilli among the women with increased prevalence of pathogens like E.coli, staph aureus supports the importance of lactobacilli as a potential barrier against pathogens.
Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) using palm olein and tricaprylin in packed-bed reactor (PBR)
Authors: Utama Qabul Dinanta , Sitanggang Azis Boing , Adawiyah Dede Robiatul , Hariyadi Purwiyatno 
Published: May 2021

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification between refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDO) and tricaprylin to produce medium-long-medium structured lipid (MLM-SL) in a packed bed reactor (PBR) has been investigated. A specific sn-1,3 commercial Lipozyme TL IM was used as biocatalyst. Within this study, the progress of transesterification was monitored especially for triacylglycerol (TAG) formation with equivalent carbon number (ECN) of 32, presumably 1,3-dicapryoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (COC). Transesterification conditions investigated were residence times (i.e., 15, 30, and 60 min) and enzyme loadings (2.0 and 4.5 g). The highest yield of ECN 32 (13%) and transesterification degree (71%) were obtained at residence time of 15 mins for both enzyme loadings. Longer residence time seemed to facilitate lipid hydrolysis over transesterification. This was indicated by the number of peaks appearing in the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms and the reduction of fat slip melting point (SMP). Additionally, the highest productivity was obtained at 2.0 g enzyme loading. Conclusively, this study has demonstrated the potential use of packed-bed reactor with immobilized Lipozyme TL IM for continuous synthesis of MLM-SLs especially TAG with ECN32.
Mineral composition of raw and marinated-cooked arms from Pacific giant squid (Dosidicus gigas).
Authors: Fernández Faustina , Bañón Celia Lucas and Sancho 
Published: May 2021

Background/aim: Shellfish consumption is often perceived as a potential health hazard due to the accumulation of toxic metals. The mineral content was investigated in marinated-cooked giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) arms from three Eastern Pacific fisheries (Peru, Chile and Benthic) to elucidate their contribution to daily recommended intakes and possible presence of pollutants. Material and methods: Thirty macro- and microminerals were analysed in the raw material, marination solution, cooking broth and cooked product. Results: Both raw and marinated-cooked squid arms contained nutritionally relevant quantities of essential macro- (Na and Mg) and microminerals (Cr, Zn, Mn and Se). Fishery origin led to minor variations in the mineral composition of raw arms, while marinated-cooked arms of Benthic origin had a higher retention of Na and juice likely due to their greater size. Levels of Pb, Hg, Zn or As found in the ready-to-eat product were below tolerable upper intake levels. Conclusion: The mineral content found in the raw squid arms suggests that the Pacific fisheries concerned are not affected by human polluting activities. Marinated-cooked squid arms cover a part of the dietary requirements for minerals and can be consumed without apparent negative nutritional implications.
Cultivar-rootstock interactions on growth, yield and mineral nutrition of newly planted peach trees in a pot experiment
Authors: Roussos Peter A , Ntanos Efstathios , Assimakopoulou Anna 
Published: May 2021

Two peach cultivars, i.e. ‘Andross’ and ‘Mercil’ were budded onto four rootstocks of varying vigor (‘Garnem’, ‘GF 677’, ‘Rootpac R’ (RPR) and ‘Rootpac 20’ (RP20)) and planted in pots. The plants were grown for three years, and each year the growth of the trees (in terms of trunk cross sectional area, tree height, and shoot length), fruit production and leaf nutrient concentration were assessed. The rootstock exerted a significant effect on the above-measured variables, as the lowest tree height in both cultivars was recorded when these were grafted on RP20 (the most dwarfing rootstock of all four used). The yield per tree was highest when the most vigorous rootstocks. ‘Garnem’ resulted in the highest upper plant dry weight, while ‘RP20’ in the lowest. Cultivar exhibited a significant effect regarding leaf nutrient concentration, as ‘Andross’ presented higher concentrations of N, K, Ca and Fe in most combinations and lower concentrations of P and Cu. The discriminant analysis, using all growth and nutrient data from the last two years, revealed that irrespective of the cultivar budded, ‘RP20’ and ‘GF 677’ were clearly distinguished from each other and from ‘RPR’ and ‘Garnem’. On the other hand, the hierarchical agglomerative analysis pointed out the crucial role of ‘RP20’ and ‘Garnem’ on tree growth and leaf nutrient concentration, with the cultivar budded on them playing a minor role. In conclusion, the fertilization program of a young, newly established orchard, should take into account the singularity of each scion-rootstock combination, to achieve the optimum tree performance.
Crystal Structure and Catalytic Activity of Poly[bis(3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)-2-aminopyrimidinemagnesium(II)] for Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene
Authors: Wang Li-Hua , Kong Fan-Yuan , Tai Xi-Shi 
Published: May 2021

A new six-coordinated Mn(II) coordination polymer, [Mn(L1)(L2)2]n (L1 = 2-aminopyrimidine, HL2 = 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) was synthesized by 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, NaOH, 2-aminopyrimidine and manganese(II) acetate dihydrate. The Mn(II) coordination polymer was structural characterized by elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results show that each Mn(II) ion is six-coordinated with two phenolic hydroxyl O atoms from two 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde ligands (O1 and O4), two formyl group O atoms from two 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde ligands (O2 and O3), and two N atoms from two 2-aminopyrimidine molecules (N1A and N2), and forms a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The Mn(II) coordination polymer displays a 1D chained structure by the bridge effect of 2-aminopyrimidine N atoms. The catalytic activities of Mn(II) coordination polymer and Pd@Mn(II) coordination polymer for hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene have been investigated. The Pd@Mn(II) coordination polymer catalyst shows the good catalytic activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene. The 1,3-butadiene conversion is 61.3% at 70 °C, and the selectivity to total butene is close to 100%. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Infections in temporary access for hemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients / Infecção em acesso temporário para hemodiálise em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica
Authors: Reisdorfer Arion Saraiva , Giugliani Roberto , Gouveia Viviane de Araújo , Dos Santos Emmanuela Kethully Mota , Da Silva José Jairo Teixeira 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de infecções em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em uso do cateter temporário duplo-lúmen (CTDL). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo ou de seguimento, realizado em uma Clínica de Nefrologia, em Recife (PE), Brasil, entre os meses de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010. A coleta foi realizada através da avaliação clínica e de prontuários de 88 pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC), em tratamento hemodialítico. Os dados foram analisados através da quantificação das variáveis contidas no instrumento de coleta. Resultados: A infecção do sítio de inserção do cateter ocorreu em 52,3%, dos pacientes e em 47,7%, foi verificado a infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter. Conclusão: É primordial a conscientização da equipe de saúde em relação aos cuidados na implantação e manipulação do catéter. As condições de higiene do paciente contribuem com processos infecciosos, sendo assim, precisam ser informados sobre os riscos de infecção.
GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC causing a phenotype of distal motor neuropathy and myopathy
Authors: Yu Jiaxi , Luan Xing‐hua , Yu Meng , Zhang Wei , Lv He , Cao Li , Meng Lingchao , Zhu Min , Zhou Binbin , Wu Xiao‐rong , Li Pidong , Gang Qiang , Liu Jing , Shi Xin , Liang Wei , Jia Zhirong , Yao Sheng , Yuan Yun , Deng Jianwen , Hong Daojun , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe expansion of GGC repeat in the 5' untranslated region of the NOTCH2NLC has been associated with various neurogenerative disorders of the central nervous system and, more recently, oculopharyngodistal myopathy. This study aimed to report patients with distal weakness with both neuropathic and myopathic features on electrophysiology and pathology who present GGC repeat expansions in the NOTCH2NLC.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) and long‐read sequencing were implemented to identify the candidate genes. In addition, the available clinical data and the pathological changes associated with peripheral nerve and muscle biopsies were reviewed and studied.ResultsWe identified and validated GGC repeat expansions of NOTCH2NLC in three unrelated patients who presented with progressive weakness predominantly affecting distal lower limb muscles, following negative results in an initial WES. We found intranuclear inclusions with multiple proteins deposits in the nuclei of both myofibers and Schwann cells. The clinical features of these patients are compatible with the diagnosis of distal motor neuropathy and rimmed vacuolar myopathy.InterpretationThese phenotypes enrich the class of features associated with NOTCH2NLC‐related repeat expansion disorders (NRED), and provide further evidence that the neurological symptoms of NRED include not only brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves damage, but also myopathy, and that overlapping symptoms might exist.
In Vitro Models for Studying Respiratory Host–Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Barron Sarah L. , Saez Janire , Owens Róisín M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRespiratory diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are among the leading cause of death worldwide and, especially given the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 pandemic, are of high and prevalent socio‐economic importance. In vitro models, which accurately represent the lung microenvironment, are of increasing significance given the ethical concerns around animal work and the lack of translation to human disease, as well as the lengthy time to market and the attrition rates associated with clinical trials. This review gives an overview of the biological and immunological components involved in regulating the respiratory epithelium system in health, disease, and infection. The evolution from 2D to 3D cell biology and to more advanced technological integrated models for studying respiratory host–pathogen interactions are reviewed and provide a reference point for understanding the in vitro modeling requirements. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives for advancing this field are presented.
Design Parameters for Ionic Liquid–Molecular Solvent Blend Electrolytes to Enable Stable Li Metal Cycling Within Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Neale Alex R. , Sharpe Ryan , Yeandel Stephen R. , Yen Chih‐Han , Luzyanin Konstantin V. , Goddard Pooja , Petrucco Enrico A. , Hardwick Laurence J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEffective utilization of Li‐metal electrodes is vital for maximizing the specific energy of lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. Many conventional electrolytes that support Li–O2 cathode processes (e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) are incompatible with Li‐metal. Here, a wide range of ternary solutions based on solvent, salt, and ionic liquid (IL) are explored to understand how formulations may be tailored to enhance stability and performance of DMSO at Li‐metal electrodes. The optimized formulations therein facilitate stable Li plating/stripping performances, Columbic efficiencies >94%, and improved performance in Li–O2 full cells. Characterization of Li surfaces reveals the suppression of dendritic deposition and corrosion and the modulation of decomposition reactions at the interface within optimized formulations. These observations are correlated with spectroscopic characterization and simulation of local solvation environments, indicating the persistent importance of DMSO–Li+‐cation interactions. Therein, stabilization remains dependent on important molar ratios in solution and the 4:1 solvent‐salt ratio, corresponding to ideal coordination spheres in these systems, is revealed as critical for these ternary formulations. Importantly, introducing this stable, non‐volatile IL has negligible disrupting effects on the critical stabilizing interactions between Li+ and DMSO and, thus, may be carefully introduced to tailor other key electrolyte properties for Li–O2 cells.
Operationally Stable Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes with High Radiance
Authors: Elkhouly Karim , Goldberg Iakov , Boyen Hans‐Gerd , Franquet Alexis , Spampinato Valentina , Ke Tung‐Huei , Gehlhaar Robert , Genoe Jan , Hofkens Johan , Heremans Paul , Qiu Weiming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have shown fast advances in external quantum efficiency (EQE), their operational stability is still low compared to other LED devices. Here, stable PeLEDs are demonstrated with high radiance primarily by using 6,6′‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and magnesium‐doped Zinc oxide (ZnMgO) injection layers to reduce the driving voltage. Through different characterizations, it is revealed that the use of PCBM/ZnMgO electron injection layer can effectively mitigate Joule heating, block the migration of Al electrode towards perovskite layer as well as avoid the breakdown of main perovskite crystal structure under prolonged operation. Combining the PCBM/ZnMgO electron injection layer with a formamidinium‐based perovskite light emitter, the optimal device shows an EQE of 11.4% at 330 mA cm−2 and a radiance of 399 W Sr−1 m−2 at 3.1 V. The device remains above 50% of the maximum performance after operating for 525 and 118 h at constant current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Thus, this work presents a substantial improvement in the stability of PeLEDs and the methods to consolidate this progress even further.
Three‐dimensional‐printed holistic reactors with fractal structure for heterogeneous reaction
Authors: Sun Xueyan , Wang Zhigang , Li Chong , Zhang Lijing , Yang Wenbo , Tao Shengyang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHolistic catalytic reactors with fractal structures have attracted growing attention in heterogeneous reactions because of their advantages of improved mass transfer and easy separation. Herein, a cost‐efficient and straightforward design strategy that combined three‐dimensional printing and electroless deposition was presented to construct dynamic, holistic stirred reactors with the fractal structure. The conversion factor α of the fractal impeller is 65.01 mmol m−2 h−1 with a large volume of reactant (80 ml), which is 1.7 times that of the normal impeller with the same loading of Ag catalysts. Experimental results and simulation analysis demonstrate that the fractal impeller significantly improves the catalytic performance by enhancing mass transfer and spatial dispersion in the reaction. Moreover, the holistic impeller could be reused 10 times without obvious loss of catalytic performance, and easily separated from the reaction system. The structural design of fractal reactors will open the way for high‐efficiency dynamic heterogeneous catalytic reactors.