bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic approaches to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF): a stable bio-based diol
Authors: Aricò Fabio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biorefinery is defined as a sustainable process where biomass is converted in a spectrum of marketable products and fuels. In this view, C6 furan-based compounds, usually referred as furanics, have been extensively investigated as aromatic promising building blocks from renewables. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) are well known examples of furanics whose syntheses and applications have been extensively reviewed in the literature. Herein for the first time it is reported a comprehensive overview on the synthetic procedures to another bio-derived furan compounds, i.e. 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), a stable bio-based diol with numerous applications as monomer for bio-materials and fuels. Advantages and limitations of the different synthetic approaches are addressed, as well as possible future developments to render this compound part of the biorefinery market.
Traditional uses, biological activities, and phytochemicals ofLecaniodiscus cupanioides: a review
Authors: Ojo Olusesan , Ndinteh Derek T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMedicinal plants are indispensable source of therapeutic agents, and have proved to be “warehouse” of lead drug candidates.Lecaniodiscus cupanioidesPlanch. ex Benth is a medicinal tree plant that is extensively distributed in both Asia and Africa. The species has many ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of fever, cough, typhoid, wound, skin infection, measles, jaundice, diabetes, sexual dysfunction, cancer, bone fracture, and as galactogogues. In the recent decades, the extracts and phytochemicals ofL. cupanioideshave been investigated to possess antibacterial, anticancer, aphrodisiac, antifungal, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antidiarrhoeal, analgesic and ameliorative properties. However, triterpenoids which have been linked to its anticancer and antifungal actions, are the only isolated active constituents identified from the species despite the results of the phytochemical screenings and reported biological activities. Moreover, the mechanisms of action of the extracts and active components are yet to be fully elucidated. This paper provides a general review on the ethnomedicinal, phytochemicals, and biological activities ofL. cupanioides, and lays a solid foundation for future investigations on the plant.
Sozialer Kohleausstieg oder zusätzliche Entschädigung der Industrie?
Authors: Haywood Luke , Janser Markus , Koch Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das im Sommer 2020 beschlossene, staatlich finanzierte Anpassungsgeld soll einen möglichst sozialen Beschäftigungsabbau im Rahmen des Kohleausstiegs unterstützen. Die Analyse aller Erwerbsbiographien im Braunkohlebergbau zeigt, dass die Regelung erhebliche Mitnahmeeffekte verursacht. Braunkohleunternehmen profitieren von deutlichen Einsparungen, da die gängige Praxis betrieblicher Frühverrentungsprogramme nun nicht mehr notwendig ist. Das Anpassungsgeld könnte so auch als zusätzliche Entschädigung für die Industrie betrachtet werden. Mithilfe von Sozialversicherungsdaten aller Beschäftigten zeigen Szenarioanalysen, dass ein starker Beschäftigungsrückgang auch ohne Anpassungsgeld zu erwarten ist: Die Braunkohleindustrie ist von niedrigem Renteneintrittsalter und einer alternden Belegschaft gekennzeichnet. Das Anpassungsgeld wird diesen Prozess allenfalls kurzfristig beschleunigen – und dabei erhebliche staatliche Kosten verursachen.
Roles of glia-derived extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases: an update
Authors: Sun Hao , Su Xiaojuan , Li Shiping , Mu Dezhi , Qu Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous vesicles secreted by various cells in the extracellular space. Accumulating evidence shows that EVs regulate cell-to-cell communication and signaling in the pathological processes of various diseases by carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Glia-derived EVs act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. They may be vectors for the spread of diseases or act as effective clearance systems to protect tissues. In this review, we summarize recent studies on glia-derived EVs with a focus on their relationships with CNS diseases.
Slavic Alpine micro-varieties as part of an “Alpensprachbund”?
Authors: Pila Malinka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis chapter deals with some characteristics of two more-or-less isolated Slavic varieties in the south-eastern Alps: Resian and Carinthian Slovene, whose nearest relative among the Slavic standard languages is Slovene. Both have been for centuries in situations of total language contact with Romance and Germanic varieties. I will concentrate on thecomepassive. At least in Resian, it developed due to direct Romance influence, which could be claimed to be the overall reason for this grammatical feature in the Alps. The situation in Molise Slavic in southern Italy will serve as a point of comparison.
Automated quality assessment of inkjet-printed microlens arrays
Authors: Schambach Maximilian , Zhang Qiaoshuang , Lemmer Uli , Heizmann Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recently, inkjet-printed microoptics, such as microlens arrays, have become popular in scientific research as well as industrial applications due to the fast prototyping and production. Naturally, the process parameters have a strong influence on the printed end results. However, optimization of these parameters requires expert knowledge and manual quality control which is subjective and error-prone. To overcome these limitations, we propose an automated evaluation pipeline utilizing both light and confocal microscope images as well as multiple quality measures to quantitatively evaluate the quality of the printed microlens arrays, including the individual microlens radii, sag heights, and focal lengths, as well as the array’s grid parameters.
Mehr als eine Fußnote!
Authors: Wentker Hermann 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Die Erforschung der DDR-Geschichte ist notwendig, um gegenwärtige Problemlagen wie die in Ostdeutschland heute erkennbaren Spannungen besser zu verstehen, die zumindest teilweise in den Jahren zwischen 1945 und 1990 wurzeln. Zudem geht es um das nach wie vor aktuelle historiografische Problem, neue Fragen an die DDR als Teil der deutschen und europäischen Geschichte zu stellen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren des Podiums Zeitgeschichte thematisieren zunächst die Geschichte der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone (Jürgen John) und der frühen DDR (Elke Scherstjanoi). Petra Weber befasst sich dann mit der Gesellschaftsgeschichte der DDR im deutsch-deutschen Kontext, Frieder Günther stellt Überlegungen zur Behördenforschung im Ost-West-Vergleich an, und Florian Peters sucht nach dem historischen Ort der DDR in der Geschichte des östlichen Europa. Den Abschluss bilden Betrachtungen von Michael Schwartz zur Rolle der DDR in der Geschichte der zeithistorischen Transformationen seit den 1980er Jahren.
A Standardized Protocol to Improve Acute Seizure Management in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Pavitt Sara , Carley Alison , Porter Brenda , Knowles Juliet K. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
Studies of seizure management in the pediatric inpatient setting are needed. Seizures recorded by video EEG provide an opportunity to quantitatively evaluate acute management. We observed variation in delivery of standardized seizure safety measures (seizure first aid) during epilepsy monitoring unit admissions at our hospital. Our goals were to increase consistency and speed of seizure first aid and neurologic assessment in acutely seizing patients.

METHODS:
Using a root cause analysis, we identified major factors contributing to variation in seizure management and key drivers for improvement. Targeted interventions, centered around a protocol for acute seizure management, were implemented through quality improvement methodology. The primary outcome was correct performance of standardized seizure first aid and neurologic assessment. Secondary outcomes were time intervals to each assessment. Run charts were used to analyze primary outcomes, and statistical control charts were used for secondary outcomes. Nursing confidence in seizure management was determined through pre- and postsurveys and analyzed with the χ2 test.

RESULTS:
Thirteen seizures were evaluated in the preintervention phase and 10 in the postintervention phase. Completed components of seizure first aid increased from a median of 3 of 4 to 4 of 4; completed components of neurologic assessment increased from a median of 2 of 4 to 4 of 4. Responses to acute seizures were faster, and nursing confidence increased.

CONCLUSIONS:
A collaborative quality improvement effort between physicians and nurses led to prompt and correct delivery of seizure first aid by first responders. These relatively simple interventions could be adapted broadly to improve acute seizure management in the pediatric inpatient setting.
Predictors of Prolonged Length of Stay in Suicidal Children Transferred to Psychiatric Facilities
Authors: Masciale Marina , Dongarwar Deepa , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:To determine if sociodemographic factors or underlying mental health conditions serve as predictors for prolonged length of stay (pLOS) in children hospitalized for suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempt (SA) requiring transfer to psychiatric facilities. We hypothesized an association between certain patient and hospital characteristics and pLOS.METHODS:For this retrospective cross-sectional study, we used the National Inpatient Sample. We included children &lt;18 years old hospitalized with a primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, Clinical Modification diagnosis of SI or SA who were dispositioned to psychiatric facilities from 2016 to 2017. Exposures were patient sociodemographics, underlying mental health diagnoses, and hospital characteristics. Our outcome was pLOS. Adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated with log binomial regression.RESULTS:Of 12 715 hospitalizations meeting inclusion criteria, 5475 had pLOS. After adjusting for sociodemographics and hospital characteristics, predictive factors for pLOS were public insurance use (prevalence ratio: 1.40; CI: 1.12–1.78), urban nonteaching hospital location (prevalence ratio: 4.61; CI: 2.33–9.12), urban teaching hospital location (prevalence ratio: 3.26; CI: 1.84–5.76), and underlying diagnosis of mood disorder (prevalence ratio: 1.98; CI: 1.63–3.42). Hispanic patients had decreased probability of pLOS (prevalence ratio: 0.69; CI: 0.52–0.93). Otherwise, age, zip income, sex, and hospital region were not predictive of pLOS.CONCLUSIONS:Among children hospitalized for SI or SA requiring transfer to psychiatric facilities, public insurance, urban hospital location, and diagnoses of mood disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder were predictive of pLOS. Further research is needed on how to decrease disparities in length of stay among this vulnerable population.
Steering Transplant Immunosuppression by Measuring Virus-Specific T Cell Levels: The Randomized, Controlled IVIST Trial
Authors: Ahlenstiel-Grunow Thurid , Liu Xiaofei , Schild Raphael , Oh Jun , Taylan Christina , Weber Lutz T. , Staude Hagen , Verboom Murielle , Schröder Christoph , Sabau Ruxandra , Großhennig Anika , Pape Lars 
Published: April 2021

Background
Pharmacokinetic monitoring is insufficient to estimate the intensity of immunosuppression after transplantation. Virus-specific T cells correlate with both virus-specific and general cellular immune defense. Additional steering of immunosuppressive therapy by virus-specific T cell levels might optimize dosing of immunosuppressants.

Methods
In a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, we randomized 64 pediatric kidney recipients to a control group with trough-level monitoring of immunosuppressants or to an intervention group with additional steering of immunosuppressive therapy by levels of virus-specific T cells (quantified by cytokine flow cytometry). Both groups received immunosuppression with cyclosporin A and everolimus in the same target range of trough levels. Primary end point was eGFR 2 years after transplantation.

Results
In the primary analysis, we detected no difference in eGFR for the intervention and control groups 2 years after transplantation, although baseline eGFR 1 month after transplantation was lower in the intervention group versus the control group. Compared with controls, patients in the intervention group received significantly lower daily doses of everolimus and nonsignificantly lower doses of cyclosporin A, resulting in significantly lower trough levels of everolimus (3.5 versus 4.5 µg/L, P<0.001) and cyclosporin A (47.4 versus 64.1 µg/L, P<0.001). Only 20% of patients in the intervention group versus 47% in the control group received glucocorticoids 2 years after transplantation (P=0.04). The groups had similar numbers of donor-specific antibodies and serious adverse events.

Conclusions
Steering immunosuppressive therapy by virus-specific T cell levels in addition to pharmacokinetic monitoring seems safe, results in a similar eGFR, and personalizes immunosuppressive therapy by lowering exposure to immunosuppressive drugs, likely resulting in lower drug costs.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
IVIST trial, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2009-012436-32 and ISRCTN89806912
Covid-19 Pandemisinin Üroloji Pratiğine Etkisi: İki Merkezli Çalışma
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Sefa Alperen , GUZEL Ahmet 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Covid-19 pandemisinin üroloji pratiğine olan etkisini farklı basamak iki hastanenin pandemi öncesi ve sonrası verilerini kullanarak değerlendirmek.
Materyal - Metot: Mart 2020 pandemi sürecinin başlangıcı olarak kabul edilerek Mart 2021 yılına kadar geçen süre alınan kısıtlama kararlarına göre üç döneme ayrıldı. Bu süre içerisinde Aydın Devlet Hastanesi (ADH) ve Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi ( SDÜ-AUH) üroloji polikliniğine başvuran hasta sayısı, acil servisten danışılan hasta sayısı, yapılan günübirlik işlem ve ameliyat sayıları verileri retrospektif olarak toplandı. Toplanan veriler öncelikle bir yıl öncesi aynı zaman aralığı ile sonrasında iki hastane arasında karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: İki hastanede de pandemi sürecinde poliklinik hasta sayılarında azalma gözlenirken pandeminin birinci döneminde bu azalma daha belirgindi (p0.05). Onkolojik cerrahi işlem sayılarında SDÜ-AUH’de anlamlı değişiklik gözlenmedi (p>0.05). Taş cerrahisi ortalama sayılarındaki azalma ADH’de daha belirgindi (p
David Tracy on fragments, fragmentation, and frag-events
Authors: Conradie Ernst 
Published: April 2021

This contribution offers a review of David Tracy’s recent collection of essays entitled Fragments: The Existential Situation of Our Time (2020). This volume is quite an event since Tracy’s last monograph was published in 1994. This review gives an account of the continuity and discontinuity in Tracy’s oeuvre with reference to themes such as conversation, fragments, the Infinite, and an analogical imagination. It also mentions some other jewels found in Fragments by picking up on a conversation with Tracy that started with the author’s doctoral thesis on Tracy, completed in 1992.
Determination of Normal and Variant Hemoglobin using Capillary Electrophoresis among Voluntary Blood Donors in North Central Nigeria: Implications on Blood Transfusion Services
Authors: Adenike Durotoye Idayat , Salaudeen Adekunle Ganiyu , Sanni Emmanuel Oladipo , Babatunde Abiola Samuel , Durowade Adekunle Kabir , Olawumi Hannah Oluwayemisi , Akande Tanimola Makanjuola , Musa Omotosho Ibrahim 
Published: April 2021

Background: Voluntary non-remunerated blood donation is a strategy adopted by World Health Organization aimed at ensuring safety and adequacy of blood supply. Sub-Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of hemoglobin disorders and therefore needs to adopt stringent measures in donor selection to ensure safety for the recipient of blood transfusion. This study aimed to analyze normal and variant hemoglobin among voluntary blood donors.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 prospective blood donors including 55 (55%) males and 45 (45%) females, aged 18–34 years were recruited. Capillary electrophoresis using the Minicap system was used for determining the hemoglobin variants in alkaline buffer (PH 9.4). Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and p-value < 0.05 was considered as the level of significance
Results: The mean age of the participants was 22.23 ± 3.3 SD years. The proportion of participants with genotype AA was 67 (67%), those with AS were 17 (22 %), while those with AC were 11 (11 %). While Hb A ≥ 90% was noted in 67 (67%) blood donors, Hb S was seen in 22 (22%) and Hb A2 > 3.5% in 57 (57%). Hb F > 2% was observed in 3% of the studied participants
Conclusion: Variant hemoglobin is common among blood donors and this should be taken into consideration whenever blood is being crossmatched for recipients of blood transfusion. Data from this study will be useful in raising awareness and genetic counseling.
Keywords: prevalence, hemoglobin variants, capillary electrophoresis
Testy biocydów i neutralizatorów H2S jako dodatków do płuczek wiertniczych i płynów szczelinujących
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Kapusta Piotr , Turkiewicz Anna ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Brzeszcz Joanna ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of studies on substances with a biocidal effect in terms of their possible use as additives to drilling muds and fracturing fluids. The aim of the work was to identify the most effective biocides by examining their action on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and a consortium of microorganisms. Various chemicals have been considered, due to a constant and overriding goal to find the one with the highest activity, and above all, the ones that have not yet been tested. Particular attention was paid to substances that, apart from known biocidal properties, have also the ability to neutralize hydrogen sulfide, and to reduced sulfur compounds (H2S scavengers), and the so-called “green biocides”, i.e. those that are considered safe for the environment. Most of the tested biocidal agents were effective against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, while 10 out of 12 showed good or very good activity against SRB (low MIC and MBC values), including 3 out of 4 H2S scavengers. On the other hand, only some biocidal agents proved to be effective against fungi and microbial consortium; among them were agents containing quaternary ammonium compounds (Bardac LF and Barquat CB-80), triazine derivatives (Biostat and Petrosweet HSW 82165) and DBNPA (Biopol C-103L). Bardac LF and Barquat CB-80, together with the mixture of Grotan OX and Preventol GDA 50, upon introduction to the drilling mud and fracturing fluid, were superior over other biocidal agents (Biostat, Petrosweet HSW 82165 and Biopol C-103L), showing the full activity at 800 ppm. Environmentally friendly biocide Aquacar THPS 75 appeared to be the least effective.
Predictive Ability of an Illness Severity Measure: Implications for Nursing Research
Authors: Lindley Lisa C. , Fortney Christine A. , Cozad Melanie J. 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeIllness severity among children with life-limiting illnesses is measured with the pediatric complex chronic conditions (CCC) measure. Developed in 2000/2001, it was revised in 2014 to include infant-specific categories.MethodsDiscrimination, calibration, accuracy, and validation tests were used to examine the predictive performance of the measures.ResultsAmong the 10,175 infants in the analysis, both measures poorly discriminated—palliative care consultation (C-statistics 0.6396 vs. C-statistics 0.5905) and any inpatient procedure (C-statistics 0.6101 vs. C-statistics 0.5160). The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests revealed good calibration for both measures. The original measure was more accurate in predicting end-of-life outcomes—palliative care consultation (Brier Score 0.3892 vs. 0.7787) and any inpatient procedures (Brier Score 0.3115 vs. 0.4738).ConclusionsThe revised measure did not perform any better than the original in predicting end-of-life outcomes among infants.
Errata ao artigo “Crise Económica em Portugal: Evolução da Incidência de Depressão e Correlação com o Desemprego”, publicado em Acta Med Port 2021 Apr;34(4):278-282.
Authors: De Sousa Carla 
Published: April 2021

Na página 280,2ª linha da legenda da Figura 1, onde se lê “(...) depressão no sexo masculino em Portugal (...)”Deverá ler-se: “(...) depressão no sexo feminino em Portugal (...)” 2ª linha da legenda da Figura 2, onde se lê “(...) depressão no sexo feminino em Portugal (...)”Deverá ler-se: “(...) depressão no sexo masculino em Portugal (...)” Artigo publicado com erros: https://www.actamedicaportuguesa.com/revista/index.php/amp/article/view/13574
Perspectives for gallotannins neuroprotective potential - current experimental evidences
Authors: Kujawski Radosław , Kujawska Małgorzata , Ożarowski Marcin , Baraniak Justyna , Laskowska Halina , Nowocień Tamara , Borowska Magdalena , Szulc Michał , Sobczak Agnieszka , Mikołajczak Przemysław 
Published: April 2021

Gallotannins are class of hydrolyzable tannins consisting of gallic acid and a sugar moiety. Currently, there is growing interest around a possible neuroprotective effect of this class of phytochemicals, which is suggested to be a result of their active metabolites. Evidence from experimental studies has suggested that tannin-rich plant preparations might be effective at reversing neurodegenerative pathology and age-related declines in neurocognitive performance. This mini-review summarizes, based on experimental studies, current knowledge about diverse neuroprotective abilities of gallotannins, mostly via antioxidant properties and some mechanisms of the effect are proposed including blocking accumulation of nitrites, inhibiting expression and activity of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1), and decreasing degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARP).
The level of knowledge on dietary supplements among patients of pharmacies in the Greater Poland region
Authors: Przysławskki Juliusz , Stępczak Mateusz , Reszelska Monika , Wichura-Demska Agnieszka 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. An appropriately balanced and varied diet should cover the body’s demand for energy and all necessary nutrients. In case of health disorders caused by malnutrition, a change of eating patterns or introduction of temporary dietary supplements containing deficient nutrients should be considered. Aim. Assessment of the level of knowledge among patients of pharmacies in Poznań/Greater Poland on nutritional supplements and factors which influence or decide about their use in everyday life. Material and Methods. A study concerning the use of dietary supplements was conducted on the basis of an original survey in a group of 401 persons, both men and women. The survey consists of 17 single choice questions and one multiple choice question. In order to assess preferences within the scope of use of a chosen group of supplements, a five-grade hedonic scale was used.Results. The study showed that most patients considered their knowledge to be at least at a good level. Those results were not confirmed by an objective assessment of their knowledge. The most preferred supplements were products including Omega-3 and Omega-6 acids, vitamin D, probiotics and prebiotics, calcium and vitamin and mineral complexes. The preferences among women and men in relation to the choice of specific groups of dietary supplements were similar.Conclusion. The study showed a varied level of knowledge on dietary supplements – especially on the legal aspects of their introduction on the market. The general level of knowledge on supplements was higher in the group of women.