bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Melt Electrowritten PCL Scaffolds Following Melt Processing and Plasma Surface Treatment
Authors: Paxton Naomi C. , Ho Selina W. K. , Tuten Bryan T. , Lipton‐Duffin Josh , Woodruff Maria A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) has been widely used to process polycaprolactone (PCL) into highly ordered microfiber scaffolds with controllable architecture and geometry. However, the integrity of PCL during specific processes involved in routine MEW scaffold development has not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the impact of MEW processing on PCL following exposure to high temperatures required for melt extrusion as well as atmospheric plasma, a widely used surface treatment for improving MEW scaffold hydrophilicity. The change in polymer molecular weight and melt temperature is characterized, in comparing unprocessed and processed samples, in addition to analysis of the mechanical and surface properties of the scaffolds. No significant difference in the molecular weight or mechanical properties of the PCL scaffolds is evident following 5 days of cyclic heating to 90 °C. Exposure to plasma for up to 5 min significantly increased hydrophilicity and surface adhesion force, characterized via contact angle and atomic force microscope, however, significant polymer degradation occurred evidenced by increased brittleness of the scaffolds. This study demonstrates the degradation of PCL following fabrication via MEW and surface treatment to guide the optimization of scaffold development for subsequent applications in tissue engineering and biofabrication.
Time filters and spurious acoustics in artificial compression methods
Authors: Guzel Ahmet , Layton William , McLaughlin Michael , Rong Yao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArtificial compression methods are used in computational fluid dynamics as a cost‐effective way of solving for the velocity and pressure in a flow. However, relaxation of compressibility in these algorithms yields nonphysical oscillations in the pressure. This report presents analysis and computational tests of time filters to reduce nonphysical acoustic waves in artificial compression
methods.
Binding specificity of type three secretion system effector NleH2 to multi‐cargo chaperone CesT and their phosphorylation
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Srinivasan Mahalashmi , Tulsian Nikhil K. , Liu Yu Xuan , Lin Qingsong , Rosenshine Ilan , Sivaraman J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGram‐negative pathogens like Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) utilize the type three secretion system (T3SS) to translocate various effector proteins that are needed to “hijack” the host system for pathogenic survival. Specialized T3SS chaperones inside bacterial cells stabilize these effector proteins and facilitate their translocation. CesT is a unique multi‐cargo chaperone that interacts with and translocates ~10 different effector proteins. Here, we report the specific interaction between CesT and its key effector, NleH2, and explore the potential role of NleH2 as a kinase for CesT phosphorylation. First, we identified the chaperone‐binding domain (CBD; 19–97aa) of NleH2, and mapped the specific interaction sites for both CesT and NleH2. The N‐ and C‐terminal residues of the CBD interact with the dimeric interface of CesT. Further, we compared the CesT binding to NleH2, to that of another key effector Tir and with the global carbon regulator CsrA. Notably, the effectors have the binding regions at the β‐sheet core and dimer interface of CesT, whereas the CsrA regulator interacts predominantly through the C‐terminal region, which is found ~17 Å away from the effectors‐binding sites. Next, we showed that NleH2 remains an active kinase even as a complex with CesT and is responsible for its autophosphorylation as well as phosphorylation of CesT at Tyr153. Collectively, our findings enhance the understanding of the role of multi‐cargo chaperone CesT in orchestrating effector translocation through T3SS.
Occurrence of chronic endometritis in different types of human adenomyosis
Authors: Khan Khaleque N. , Fujishita Akira , Ogawa Kanae , Koshiba Akemi , Mori Taisuke , Itoh Kyoko , Nakashima Masahiro , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeHuman adenomyosis has an adverse effect on female fertility. Exact mechanistic basis is still unclear. We investigated the occurrence of chronic endometritis (CE) in different types of human adenomyosis.MethodsThis is a prospective non‐randomized observational study enrolling patients with focal (n = 30), diffuse (n = 26), intrinsic (n = 23), and extrinsic (n = 10) adenomyosis. Endometrial biopsy samples were collected from hysterectomy specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibody against CD68 (Mφ marker) with biopsy samples of intrinsic/extrinsic adenomyosis and CD138 (Syndecan‐1), a marker of plasma cells, in all biopsy samples.ResultsIn GnRHa‐untreated groups, a higher trend in the occurrence of CE, as characterized by infiltration of ≥1 plasma cells in endometrial stroma, was found in women with focal (58.8%, p = 0.0849) and diffuse adenomyosis (60.0%, p = 0.0841) comparing to control women (10.0%). In women with focal adenomyosis, ipsilateral side showed a significantly higher occurrence of CE (58.8%) than on the contralateral side (11.7%) (p = 0.043). Tissue infiltration of macrophages in endometria was significantly higher in intrinsic than in extrinsic adenomyosis (p = 0.03) without showing any significant difference in the occurrence of CE between these two variants of adenomyosis.ConclusionA variable occurrence of CE in different types of adenomyosis may be involved in adverse reproductive outcome.
Factor analysis for high‐dimensional time series: Consistent estimation and efficient computation
Authors: Xia Qiang , Wong Heung , Shen Shirun , He Kejun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo deal with the factor analysis for high‐dimensional stationary time series, this paper suggests a novel method that integrates three ideas. First, based on the eigenvalues of a non‐negative definite matrix, we propose a new approach for consistently determining the number of factors. The proposed method is computationally efficient with a single step procedure, especially when both weak and strong factors exist in the factor model. Second, a fresh measurement of the difference between the factor loading matrix and its estimate is recommended to overcome the nonidentifiability of the loading matrix due to any geometric rotation. The asymptotic results of our proposed method are also studied under this measurement, which enjoys “blessing of dimensionality.” Finally, with the estimated factors, the latent vector autoregressive (VAR) model is analyzed such that the convergence rate of the estimated coefficients is as fast as when the samples of VAR model are observed. In support of our results on consistency and computational efficiency, the finite sample performance of the proposed method is examined by simulations and the analysis of one real data example.
Nanoarrays of Individual Liposomes and Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles by Liftoff Nanocontact Printing
Authors: Cawley Jennie L. , Blauch Megan E. , Collins Shannon M. , Nice Justin B , Xie Qing , Jordan Luke R. , Brown Angela C. , Wittenberg Nathan J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAnalytical characterization of small biological particles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), is complicated by their extreme heterogeneity in size, lipid, membrane protein, and cargo composition. Analysis of individual particles is essential for illuminating particle property distributions that are obscured by ensemble measurements. To enable high‐throughput analysis of individual particles, liftoff nanocontact printing (LNCP) is used to define hexagonal antibody and toxin arrays that have a 425 nm dot size, on average, and 700 nm periodicity. The LNCP process is rapid, simple, and does not require access to specialized nanofabrication tools. These densely packed, highly ordered arrays are used to capture liposomes and bacterial outer membrane vesicles on the basis of their surface biomarkers, with a maximum of one particle per array dot, resulting in densely packed arrays of particles. Despite the high particle density, the underlying antibody or toxin array ensured that neighboring individual particles are optically resolvable. Provided target particle biomarkers and suitable capture molecules are identified, this approach can be used to generate high density arrays of a wide variety of small biological particles, including other types of EVs like exosomes.
Typische Fehler bei Planung, Fertigung und Betrieb von Kranbahnträgern und ihre Vermeidung
Authors: Seeßelberg Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNahezu jeder im Industriebau tätige Ingenieur hat gelegentlich die Aufgabe, Kranbahnen zu entwerfen, zu berechnen oder zu bauen. Da die Anforderungen an Kranbahnträger in vielerlei Hinsicht von denen an übliche Bauwerke abweichen, ist der Umgang mit Fahrwegen für Brückenkrane immer wieder eine Herausforderung. Dabei können Fehler gemacht werden, die sich auf die Funktionsweise, auf die Standsicherheit oder auf die Dauerhaftigkeit der Kranbahnkonstruktionen auswirken. Einige dieser Fehlermöglichkeiten werden im vorliegenden Beitrag samt ihren Folgen und den Optionen für ihre Vermeidung aufgezeigt.
A retrospective of the human viewpoint and its applicability to future systems
Authors: Handley Holly A. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the human viewpoint that was developed by a multinational panel of System Engineers and Human System Integration practitioners as an adjunct to existing systems architecting frameworks. The data collected in the human viewpoint enables engineering analyses that include human‐system trade‐offs to address stakeholder concerns. These analyses focus on the role definitions and task allocations that improve overall system performance. The human views method was developed to facilitate assessments of increasing fidelity, such as human data content analysis, human‐system design trade‐offs, restructuring role‐task allocations, and crew reductions due to automation. Ten examples, across a range of applications and levels of assessment, are provided to illustrate the ability to provide decision support to stakeholders. A reflection on the use of the human viewpoint traces its development across the examples, as well as suggesting a research agenda to improve its ability to address the design concerns of future systems.
Impact of low‐molecular‐weight poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid) sodium salt on filtration and rheological parameters of nanoparticles‐enhanced drilling fluid
Authors: Beg Mukarram , Kesarwani Himanshu , Sharma Shivanjali , Saxena Amit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe thermally stable drilling fluid is the need of the oil and gas industry. The impetus for producing appropriate drilling fluid lies in the addition of novel polymeric additives. The addition of polymer improves the filtration and rheological properties of the drilling fluid. Poly(4‐styrene sulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSM), a low‐molecular‐weight polymer, exhibited filtration and rheological control in the water‐based drilling fluid system containing bentonite and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The polymer was characterized using a thermogravimetric technique and found to be stable up to 250°C. The optimum concentration for PSSM is 1.0 w/v% as fluid loss from the drilling fluid reduced by ~63% on addition of 1.0 w/v% PSSM and by ~75% on addition of 2.0 w/v% PSSM. The addition of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to the PSSM‐induced drilling fluid further improved the rheological and filtration properties at elevated temperature. The thermal aging studies confirm the stability of the drilling mud up to 110°C in the presence of NPs. The addition of PSSM and NPs significantly improved the mud performance due to PSSM interactions with NPs and other mud additives even at high temperatures which suggests the applicability of these mud formulations for challenging high‐temperature wells.
Dynamics of HMBG1 (High Mobility Group Box 1) during radiochemotherapy correlate with outcome of HNSCC patients
Authors: Clasen Kerstin , Welz Stefan , Faltin Heidrun , Zips Daniel , Eckert Franziska 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been described as a consensus marker for immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer. To personalize treatments, there is a need for biomarkers to adapt dose prescription, concomitant chemotherapy, and follow-up in radiation oncology. Thus, we investigated the levels of HMGB1 in plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) during the course of radiochemotherapy and follow-up in correlation with oncologic outcome and clinical confounders.

Methods
In our pilot study, 11 patients with advanced HNSCC were treated with definitive radiochemotherapy. Blood samples were taken weekly during treatment and frequently at follow-up visits. HMGB1 levels as well as routine laboratory values were measured and clinical information was collected including tumor volume, infections, toxicity, and follow-up data.

Results
In total, 85 samples were analyzed. In eight patients, HMGB1 levels (baseline vs. last available sample during treatment) were increasing and in three patients HMGB1 values were decreasing toward the end of treatment. All three patients with decreasing values developed tumor recurrence. By contrast, no relapse occurred in patients that showed increasing HMGB1 levels during therapy. Moreover, a positive correlation of HMGB1 levels with tumor volumes, C‑reactive protein (CRP) levels, infections, and grade three toxicity (RTOG) was observed.

Conclusion
HMGB1 might be a promising marker to monitor ICD in HNSCC during the course of radiochemotherapy. However, HMGB1 seems to reflect complex and diverse immunogenic responses and potential confounders. Infections and treatment-associated toxicity should be considered when interpreting the dynamics of HMGB1.
Interpretable machine learning for genomics
Authors: Watson David S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh-throughput technologies such as next-generation sequencing allow biologists to observe cell function with unprecedented resolution, but the resulting datasets are too large and complicated for humans to understand without the aid of advanced statistical methods. Machine learning (ML) algorithms, which are designed to automatically find patterns in data, are well suited to this task. Yet these models are often so complex as to be opaque, leaving researchers with few clues about underlying mechanisms. Interpretable machine learning (iML) is a burgeoning subdiscipline of computational statistics devoted to making the predictions of ML models more intelligible to end users. This article is a gentle and critical introduction to iML, with an emphasis on genomic applications. I define relevant concepts, motivate leading methodologies, and provide a simple typology of existing approaches. I survey recent examples of iML in genomics, demonstrating how such techniques are increasingly integrated into research workflows. I argue that iML solutions are required to realize the promise of precision medicine. However, several open challenges remain. I examine the limitations of current state-of-the-art tools and propose a number of directions for future research. While the horizon for iML in genomics is wide and bright, continued progress requires close collaboration across disciplines.
What students want? Experiences, challenges, and engagement during Emergency Remote Learning amidst COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Tulaskar Rucha , Turunen Markku 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world in many ways. It has sparked a prominent pedagogical shift for university level students, as it has changed the way students learn, attend classes, or communicate with teachers. Globally, every student is forced to adopt Emergency Remote Learning (ERL) as a result of immediate transformation of physical classes into remote education. This two-fold study investigated the differences between traditional distance, online, and virtual learning solutions and the new Emergency Remote Learning (ERL) method for the university level education. Furthermore, a pragmatic mix-method study is conducted in the form of surveys, semi-structured interviews, and diary study spanning across 10 months of pandemic, to examine self-reported insights on ERL challenges, experiences, and learning engagement of the students from Finland and India. Cumulative findings suggest that scheduling, distractions, pessimistic emotions, longer durations, and concentration were the highest challenges faced by the students which impacted their learning experiences and engagement. The study also found that the ERL specific factors like low-interactivity, technical limitations, non-structured, and non-standardized methods had a prominent impact on the effectiveness of remote education. Furthermore, the study has suggested guidelines for improving remote learning experience as a futuristic solution beyond COVID-19 pandemic.
Are Separated Fathers Less or More Involved in Childrearing than Partnered Fathers?
Authors: Koster Tara , Castro-Martín Teresa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeparated fathers are generally assumed to be less involved with their children than partnered fathers. Yet, extant research on separated fathers has mainly focused on nonresident fathers without taking into consideration the existing diversity in post-separation residence arrangements. In fact, separated resident and shared residence fathers may possibly be more involved than partnered fathers, because the former likely bear primary childcare responsibilities, while the latter often act as secondary caregivers. This study extends previous research by investigating father involvement via regular care and leisure activities across a full range of separated fathers, and how it compares to that of partnered fathers, as well as whether patterns differ by father’s education. Data from the New Families in the Netherlands survey (N = 1592) reveal that as compared to partnered fathers, shared residence fathers and especially resident fathers are more actively involved in the regular care of their child, whereas nonresident fathers are less involved. Results are similar for leisure, except that partnered fathers are similarly involved as shared residence fathers in this activity. Education also matters: involvement of fathers across different post-separation residence arrangements is more similar to that of partnered fathers when being highly educated. These findings suggest that including resident and shared residence fathers in the picture offers a more optimistic view of fathers’ post-separation parenting role, because these separated fathers are actually more actively involved in childrearing than partnered fathers.
Friction-induced traveling wave coupling in tuned bladed-disks
Authors: González-Monge Javier , Rodríguez-Blanco Salvador , Martel Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlutter is a major constraint on modern turbomachines; as the designs move toward more slender, thinner, and loaded blades, they become more prone to experience high cycle fatigue problems. Dry friction, present at the root attachment for cantilever configurations, is one of the main sources of energy dissipation. It saturates the flutter vibration amplitude growth, producing a limit cycle oscillation whose amplitude depends on the balance between the energy injected and dissipated by the system. Both phenomena, flutter and friction, typically produce a small correction of the purely elastic response of the structure. A large number of elastic cycles is required to notice their effect, which appears as a slow modulation of the oscillation amplitude. Furthermore, even longer time scales appear when multiple traveling waves are aerodynamically unstable and exhibit similar growth rates. All these slow scales make the system time integration very stiff and CPU expensive, bringing some doubts about whether the final solutions are properly converged. In order to avoid these uncertainties, a numerical continuation procedure is applied to analyze the solutions that set in, their traveling wave content, their bifurcations and their stability. The system is modeled using an asymptotic reduced order model and the continuation results are validated against direct time integrations. New final states with multiple traveling wave content are found and analyzed. These solutions have not been obtained before for the case of microslip friction at the blade attachment; only solutions consisting of a single traveling wave have been reported in previous works.
5G NR system design: a concise survey of key features and capabilities
Authors: Rinaldi Federica , Raschellà Alessandro , Pizzi Sara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs we enter a new era of next-generation wireless systems represented by Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) technology, it is essential to grasp the recent progress in their standardization and development. This article offers a concise survey of the 5G NR system design that aims at introducing its features according to the relevant Third Generation Partnership (3GPP) specifications. Our focus is set on the flexibility of 5G NR, which refers to its capability to support novel services and technologies, such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Internet of Things (IoT) for massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) while satisfying the underlying quality requirements. The key enablers of the 5G NR operation are scalable numerology, ultra-lean and beam-centric design, support for low latency, spectrum extension, and forward compatibility. This work summarizes these important features by studying the overall 5G architecture and the user-/control-plane protocol stacks specified by 3GPP. Furthermore, the impact of scalable numerology on system performance is discussed. Finally, we also consider open challenges and future research directions.
Effectiveness of extended shutdown measures during the ´Bundesnotbremse´ introduced in the third SARS-CoV-2 wave in Germany
Authors: Schuppert Andreas , Polotzek Katja , Karschau Jens , Karagiannidis Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA third SARS-CoV-2 infection wave has affected Germany from March 2021 until April 24th, until the ´Bundesnotbremse´ introduced nationwide shutdown measures. The ´Bundesnotbremse´ is the technical term which was used by the German government to describe nationwide shutdown measures to control the rising infection numbers. These measures included mainly contact restrictions on several level. This study investigates which effects locally dispersed pre- and post-´Bundesnotbremse´ measures had on the infection dynamics. We analyzed the variability and strength of the rates of the changes of weekly case numbers considering different regions, age groups, and contact restrictions. Regionally diverse measures slowed the rate of weekly increase by about 50% and about 75% in regions with stronger contact restrictions. The 'Bundesnotbremse' induced a coherent reduction of infection numbers across all German federal states and age groups throughout May 2021. The coherence of the infection dynamics after the 'Bundesnotbremse' indicates that these stronger measures induced the decrease of infection numbers. The regionally diverse non-pharmaceutical interventions before could only decelerate further spreading, but not prevent it alone.