bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The De-Icing Comparison Experiment (D-ICE): a study of broadband radiometric measurements under icing conditions in the Arctic
Authors: Cox Christopher J. , Morris Sara M. , Uttal Taneil , Burgener Ross , Hall Emiel , Kutchenreiter Mark , McComiskey Allison , Long Charles N. , Thomas Bryan D. , Wendell James 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Surface-based measurements of broadband shortwave (solar)
and longwave (infrared) radiative fluxes using thermopile radiometers are
made regularly around the globe for scientific and operational environmental
monitoring. The occurrence of ice on sensor windows in cold environments –
whether snow, rime, or frost – is a common problem that is difficult to
prevent as well as difficult to correct in post-processing. The Baseline
Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) community recognizes radiometer icing as a
major outstanding measurement uncertainty. Towards constraining this
uncertainty, the De-Icing Comparison Experiment (D-ICE) was carried out at
the NOAA Atmospheric Baseline Observatory in Utqiaġvik (formerly
Barrow), Alaska, from August 2017 to July 2018. The purpose of D-ICE was to
evaluate existing ventilation and heating technologies developed to mitigate
radiometer icing. D-ICE consisted of 20 pyranometers and 5 pyrgeometers
operating in various ventilator housings alongside operational systems that
are part of NOAA's Barrow BSRN station and the US Department of Energy
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program North Slope of Alaska and
Oliktok Point observatories. To detect icing, radiometers were monitored
continuously using cameras, with a total of more than 1 million images of
radiometer domes archived. Ventilator and ventilator–heater performance
overall was skillful with the average of the systems mitigating ice formation
77 % (many >90 %) of the time during which icing conditions
were present. Ventilators without heating elements were also effective and
capable of providing heat through roughly equal contributions of waste
energy from the ventilator fan and adiabatic heating downstream of the fan.
This provided ∼0.6 ∘C of warming, enough to subsaturate the
air up to a relative humidity (with respect to ice) of ∼105 %.
Because the mitigation technologies performed well, a near complete record
of verified ice-free radiometric fluxes was assembled for the duration of
the campaign. This well-characterized data set is suitable for model
evaluation, in particular for the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) first
Special Observing Period (SOP1). We used the data set to calculate short-
and long-term biases in iced sensors, finding that biases can be up to +60 W m−2 (longwave) and −211 to +188 W m−2 (shortwave). However,
because of the frequency of icing, mitigation of ice by ventilators, cloud
conditions, and the timing of icing relative to available sunlight, the
biases in the monthly means were generally less than the aggregate
uncertainty attributed to other conventional sources in both the shortwave
and longwave.
Novel measures for summarizing high-resolution forecast performance
Authors: Gilleland Eric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In ascertaining the performance of a high-resolution gridded forecast against an analysis, called the verification set, on the same grid, care must be taken to account for the over-accumulation of small-scale errors and double penalties. It is also useful to consider both location errors and intensity errors. In the last 2 decades, many new methods have been proposed for analyzing these kinds of verification sets. Many of these new methods involve fairly complicated strategies that do not naturally summarize forecast performance succinctly. This paper presents two new spatial-alignment performance measures, G and Gβ. The former is applied without any requirement for user decisions, while the latter has a single user-chosen parameter, β, that takes on a value from zero to one, where one corresponds to a perfect match and zero corresponds to the user's notion of a worst case. Unlike any previously proposed distance-based measure, both handle the often-encountered case in which all values in one or both of the verification set are zero. Moreover, its value is consistent if only a few grid points are nonzero.
Synthesis of global actual evapotranspiration from 1982 to 2019
Authors: Elnashar Abdelrazek , Wang Linjiang , Wu Bingfang , Zhu Weiwei , Zeng Hongwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. As a linkage among water, energy, and carbon cycles,
global actual evapotranspiration (ET) plays an essential role in
agriculture, water resource management, and climate change. Although it is
difficult to estimate ET over a large scale and for a long time, there are
several global ET datasets available with uncertainty associated with
various assumptions regarding their algorithms, parameters, and inputs. In
this study, we propose a long-term synthesized ET product at a kilometer
spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution from 1982 to 2019.
Through a site-pixel evaluation of 12 global ET products over different time
periods, land surface types, and conditions, the high-performing products
were selected for the synthesis of the new dataset using a high-quality flux
eddy covariance (EC) covering the entire globe. According to the study results,
Penman–Monteith–Leuning (PML), the operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance
(SSEBop), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, MOD16A2105),
and the Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG) ET products were
chosen to create the synthesized ET set. The proposed product agreed well
with flux EC ET over most of the all comparison levels, with a maximum relative mean error
(RME) of 13.94 mm (17.13 %) and a maximum relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 38.61 mm
(47.45 %). Furthermore, the product performed better than local ET
products over China, the United States, and the African continent and
presented an ET estimation across all land cover classes. While no product
can perform best in all cases, the proposed ET can be used without looking
at other datasets and performing further assessments. Data are available on
the Harvard Dataverse public repository through the following Digital Object
Identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/ZGOUED
(Elnashar et al., 2020), as well as on the Google Earth
Engine (GEE) application through this link: https://elnashar.users.earthengine.app/view/synthesizedet (last access: 21 January 2021).
A new view on the risk of typhoon occurrence in the western North Pacific
Authors: Ng Kelvin S. , Leckebusch Gregor C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. To study high-impact tropical cyclones (TCs) is of crucial importance due to their extraordinary destructive potential that leads to major losses in many coastal areas in the western North Pacific (WNP). Nevertheless, because of the rarity of high-impact TCs, it is difficult to construct a robust hazard assessment based on the historical best track records. This paper aims to address this issue by introducing a computationally simple and efficient approach to build a physically consistent high-impact TC event set with non-realised TC events in the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) archive. This event set contains more than 10 000 years of TC events. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the new event set are consistent with the historical TC climatology in the WNP. It is shown that this TC event set contains ∼100 and ∼77 times more very severe typhoons and violent typhoons than the historical records, respectively. Furthermore, this approach can be used to improve the return-period estimation of TC-associated extreme wind. Consequently, a robust extreme TC hazard assessment, reflective of the current long-term climate variability phase, can be achieved using this approach.
Textos hispánicos neolatinos conocidos en la cultura impresa cracoviana del siglo XVII (a partir del ejemplo de la imprenta Schedels)
Authors: Czerenkiewicz Michał 
Published: February 2021

This paper examines Spanish-Polish literary connections in 17th and in the beginning of 18th century by the example of the reception of some Neo-Latin works addressing Spanish issues which were acquired in the editorial production of the Schedels printing shop. The officina Schedeliana operated in early modern Cracow (1639-1708) and was one of the most significant printing offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in those times. The paper points to the books which reflect cross-cultural impact of both the Latin language and Spanish themes and were published by the specific printing house. Some of the branches of works printed by the Schedels were translations and editions of Neo-Latin texts which concerned Spanish leading figures of the Post-Tridentin period. The reception of key ideas and values present in the 17th century selected Neo-Latin literary output addressing Spanish issues is investigated, as well as the traces of awareness of the famous Spaniards in the books released in Cracow.
En este artículo se examinan las conexiones literarias hispano-polacas del siglo XVII y principios del XVIII a partir del ejemplo de la recepción de algunas obras neolatinas sobre temas españoles adquiridas en la producción editorial de la imprenta Schedels. La officina Schedeliana operó en la Cracovia moderna temprana (1639-1708) y fue una de las oficinas de impresión más importantes de la Commonwealth polaco-lituana en aquellos tiempos. El artículo llama la atención sobre los libros que reflejan el impacto transcultural de los temas tanto en lengua latina como española y que fueron publicados por esta imprenta en particular. Algunos de los ámbitos de las obras impresas por los Schedels fueron traducciones y ediciones de textos neolatinos que se referían a las principales figuras españolas del período postridentino. Se investiga la recepción de ideas y valores clave presentes en la producción literaria neolatina seleccionada del siglo XVII que aborda la problemática española, así
ETNOGRAFIA NA SALA DE AULA - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.023042
Authors: Earp Maria de Lourdes Sá 
Published: February 2021

O tema apresentado neste artigo faz parte de uma tese de doutorado sobre o sistema de ensino brasileiro, cujo objetivo foi estudar a repetência e construir novas explicações sobre o fracasso do ensino de matemática no Brasil. As salas de aula brasileiras podem ser descritas pela metáfora “centro e periferia”. Segundo essa estrutura, o professor não nsina a todos os alunos. Os alunos ensinados - e que não são reprovados - são os do “centro” da sala de aula; os outros ficam na periferia do ensino. As salas de aula de matemática têm menos alunos nos centros do que as de outras disciplinas. Isso pode ser se explicado pela crença universal de que a disciplina matemática não está ao alcance de todos. A pesquisa de campo desenvolveu-se em dois anos, através de estudo de caso de duas escolas públicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, uma municipal e outra estadual. Observações em salas de aula, em conselhos de classe, nos recreios, em reunião de pais, nos refeitórios foram realizadas como metodologia. Constatou-se que existem dois tipos de alunos no “centro”: os do primeiro tipo, conforme a teoria da reprodução, são alunos cujas condições extra-escolares contribuíram para seu lugar privilegiado na sala de aula; os do segundo tipo são alunos com condições sociais mais simples. De acordo com o chamado “efeito Pigmalião”, tais alunos foram escolhidos para serem ensinados pelo professor. Essa escolha é justificada pelas representações docentes, as quais são como profecia que se cumpre por si mesma: muitos alunos não aprendem matemática, porque poucos são ensinados pelos professores.
False resultatives: The interaction of agreement and creation in Northern Galilee Levantine Arabic
Authors: Rapoport Tova , Zarka Aya 
Published: February 2021

Arabic dialects in general do not allow resultatives. We present here novel data from a dialect of Levantine Arabic, Northern Galilee Arabic, which show that Arabic does have a subtype of resultatives: false resultatives (Rapoport 1999; Mateu 2000; Zarka 2019).The false resultative predicates in this dialect of Arabic exhibit two different agreement patterns. We claim that the difference in agreement derives from the element modified, as dictated by the distinct structures projected by two different verb types that are distinguished here: explicit creation and implicit creation (Geuder 2000; Levinson 2010).The agreement patterns in Northern Galilee Arabic thus demonstrate a grammatical parallel to the conceptual distinction between two creation verb types.
Evaluation of Time to Resolution of Medical Necrotizing Enterocolitis Using Severity-Guided Management in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bull Katelyn E. , Gainey Andrew B. , Cox Christina L. , Burch Anna-Kathryn , Durkin Martin , Daniels Robert 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE
No studies, to our knowledge, have determined the relationship between symptom resolution and timing of antimicrobial discontinuation in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Our study seeks to determine the period to NEC resolution by using severity-guided management, based on surrogate markers used in the diagnosis of NEC.

METHODS
This retrospective, observational review included patients in our NICU with NEC from June 1, 2012, to June 1, 2018. Patients were excluded for surgical NEC, a positive blood culture or transfer from an outside institution at the time of NEC, presence of a peritoneal drain, or death prior to NEC resolution. The primary outcome was time to resolution of NEC, measured by return to baseline of surrogate markers used in the diagnosis of NEC.

RESULTS
The median times to resolution in days, based on our institution's NEC severity group, were as follows: mild 3 (range, 1–4); moderate 4 (range, 1–17); severe 9 (range, 5–21). No difference in NEC recurrence was found based on antibiotic duration (OR 0.803; 95% CI, 0.142–4.225).

CONCLUSIONS
Time to resolution of NEC differs by severity group, suggesting a need for different treatment durations. Recurrence of NEC did not differ between groups, suggesting that shorter antibiotic durations do not lead to an increased incidence of NEC recurrence. Further exploration of the optimal antimicrobial treatment duration for NEC is warranted.
Coenseigner en milieu de formation initiale pour former aux pratiques collaboratives
Authors: Gremion François , Carron Pascal 
Published: February 2021

Dans la perspective d’une école inclusive, le coenseignement est reconnu comme une voie féconde pour la prise en charge des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers. Comme formatrices et formateurs soucieux de participer à la construction d’une école inclusive, qu’est-il possible de faire du moment que ni les conditions sur le terrain ne sont propices à la co-intervention ni qu’il est souhaitable d’imposer une pratique de coenseignement alors que le contenu du cours dont on a la charge n’en est pas l’objet? Ce texte a pour objectif d’identifier à quel point le fait de suivre un dispositif de formation assuré par diverses formes de coenseignement en institut de formation détermine ou non l’ouverture du futur personnel enseignant à en faire de même dans sa pratique. Notre résultat montre que le coenseignement semble plutôt perçu comme une ressource pour le développement professionnel, un moyen à disposition pour répondre aux défis que pose l’inclusion scolaire si les conditions préalables sont réunies – à savoir, avant tout, une bonne entente avec les collègues. Sans pouvoir généraliser nos résultats, on peut faire l’hypothèse que la mise en place d’un coenseignement semble pertinente en formation initiale pour inciter de futures enseignantes et futurs enseignants du secondaire à sa mise en oeuvre dans leurs écoles.
Tom Nook, Capitalist or Comrade?
Authors: Vossen Emma 
Published: February 2021

Many millennial Animal Crossing players will experience the joy of paying off their beautiful three-floor in-game home only to have that joy cut short by the crushing realization that they may never experience homeownership in real life. Who do we then take that anger and disappointment out on? The capitalists with a stranglehold on the housing market? The governments and companies holding our lives hostage for student loan debt? Our landlords who take most of our income each month so we can keep a roof over our heads? Our bosses who are criminally underpaying us for our labour? Or is it a fictional racoon? Arguments about the ethics of Animal Crossing’s non-playable character Tom Nook are inescapable in online discussions about the Animal Crossing series. These discussions generally have two sides: either Tom Nook is a capitalistic villain who exploits the player’s labour for housing, or he is a benevolent landowner who helps the player out in hard times. Vossen first sets the stage by discussing the cultural significance of both the Animal Crossing series, focusing in on Animal Crossing: New Horizons (2020), and the millennial housing crisis. She then examines the many tweets, memes, comics, and articles that vilify Tom Nook (and a few that defend him) and asks: are we really mad at Tom, or are we mad at the cruelty and greed of the billionaires, bosses, and landowners in our real lives? Vossen argues that what she calls “Nook discourse” represents the radical social potential of Animal Crossing to facilitate large-scale real-world conversations about housing, economic precarity, class, and labour that could help change hearts and minds about the nature of wealth.
Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus Terhadap Kejadian Disabilitas Untuk Activities ff Daily Living (ADL) di Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Halimah , Bantas Krisnawati 
Published: February 2021

Diabetes Mellitus salah satu PTM tertinggi didunia, prevalensi global diabetes di antara orang dewasa di atas 18 tahun telah meningkat dari 4,7% pada 1980 menjadi 8,5% pada 2014. Penelitian yang dilakukan Edward ditemukan bahwa> 50% orang tua dengan diabetes melaporkan kesulitan melakukan aktivitas fisik sehari-hari. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Rindra bahwa individu yang menderita diabetes akan berisiko 3kali (95% CI; 2.860-3.288) dibandingkan individu yang tidak menderita diabetes untuk mengalami disabilitas. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat hubungan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian disabilitas untuk aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari (ADL). Penelitian ini desain cross sectional data IFLS 2015, di analisis sampai multivariat menggunakan Regressi Logistik. Adapun variabel penelitian ini ialah (Diabetes Mellitus, disabilitas, usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, obesitas dan hipertensi). Jumlah studi partisipan semua yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 3408 partisipan. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah Disabilitas, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesitas, Hipertensi, Jenis Kelamin, Usia dan Pendidikan. Definisi operasional pada variabel dependen ialah disabilitas jika salah satu dari 6 item ADL membutuhkan bantuan dan atau tidak mampu melakukannya. Diabetes Mellitus pada penelitian ini individu yang pernah di diagnose tenaga kesehatan dan sedang minum obat DM. Tidak ada hubungan antara diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian disabilitas dengan secara statistika dengan nilai POR 1.225 (95%CI ; 0.379-3.958). Pada variabel kovariat hanya usia dengan rentang (75-90th) yang berhubungan secara statistika terhadap kejadian disabilitas untuk aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari (ADL) dengan nilai POR 2.172 (95% CI;1.117-4.222). Tidak ditemukan hubungan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari (ADL) dengan nilai POR 1.225 (95%CI ; 0.379-3.958) dibandingkan dengan individu yang tidak menderita diabetes mellitus.
CRISPR People
Authors: Greely Henry T. 
Published: February 2021

What does the birth of babies whose embryos have gone through genome editing mean—for science and for all of us?
In November 2018, the world was shocked to learn that two babies had been born in China with DNA edited while they were embryos—as dramatic a development in genetics as the 1996 cloning of Dolly the sheep. In this book, Hank Greely, a leading authority on law and genetics, tells the fascinating story of this human experiment and its consequences. Greely explains what Chinese scientist He Jiankui did, how he did it, and how the public and other scientists learned about and reacted to this unprecedented genetic intervention.
The two babies, nonidentical twin girls, were the first “CRISPR'd” people ever born (CRISPR, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, is a powerful gene-editing method). Greely not only describes He's experiment and its public rollout (aided by a public relations adviser) but also considers, in a balanced and thoughtful way, the lessons to be drawn both from these CRISPR'd babies and, more broadly, from this kind of human DNA editing—“germline editing” that can be passed on from one generation to the next.
Greely doesn't mince words, describing He's experiment as grossly reckless, irresponsible, immoral, and illegal. Although he sees no inherent or unmanageable barriers to human germline editing, he also sees very few good uses for it—other, less risky, technologies can achieve the same benefits. We should consider the implications carefully before we proceed.
The Next Age of Disruption
Authors: MIT Sloan Management Review  
Published: February 2021

Clayton Christensen's groundbreaking theory of “disruptive innovation” has proven to be one of the most influential management ideas of the last several decades. In this book, business and management experts—many of them Christensen's colleagues and former students—discuss the innovation challenges that lie ahead. Building on Christensen's work, they offer companies a guide for navigating a new world of disruption—a future in which artificial intelligence is a business tool, the speed of innovation increases dramatically, and capital is more easily accessible. The book also includes one of the last interviews with Christensen before his death in January 2020.

The contributors first consider “the human element,” discussing such topics as why good ideas get stuck and how innovators can allay skittish potential supporters' concerns, ethical issues in an age of disruption, and how to retain top talent. Turning to issues of competition, they examine the nearly frictionless shopping experience offered by such new disrupters as Warby Parker and Dollar Shave Club, discuss AI as a game-changer, and explore the power of platforms. Finally, they consider the future, listing eleven sources of disruption every company should monitor, explaining how to anticipate uncertainty, and describing the benefits of both internal and external partnerships.
Contributors
Scott D. Anthony, Didier Bonnet, Greg Brown, Clayton M. Christensen, Michael A. Cusumano, Karen Dillon, Jeff Dyer, Sebastian K. Fixson, Nathan Furr, Joshua Gans, Annabelle Gawer, Rita Gunther McGrath, Brian Halligan, Nicole Helmer, Mike Hendron, Michael B. Horn, Marco Iansiti, Rahul Kapoor, Thomas Klueter, Karim R. Lakhani, Tucker J. Marion,, Michael Putz, Neil C. Thompson, Amy Webb, Max Wessel, Ardine Williams, Yun Ye, David B. Yoffie