bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in native and introduced host–parasite networks
Authors: Llaberia-Robledillo Mar , Balbuena Juan Antonio , Sarabeev Volodimir , Llopis-Belenguer Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduced species can alter the dynamics and structure of a native community. Network analysis provides a tool to study host–parasite interactions that can help to predict the possible impact of biological invasions or other disturbances. In this study, we used weighted bipartite networks to assess differences in the interaction patterns between hosts and helminth parasites of native (Sea of Japan) and invasive (Black Sea and Sea of Azov) populations of Planiliza haematocheilus (Teleostei: Mugilidae). We employed three quantitative network descriptors, connectance, weighted nestedness and modularity, to gain insight into the structure of the host–parasite networks in the native and invaded areas. The role of parasite species in the networks was assessed using the betweenness centrality index. We analyzed networks encompassing the whole helminth community and subsets of species classified by their transmission strategy. The analyses were downscaled to host individual-level to consider intraspecific variation in parasite communities. We found significant differences between networks in the native and invaded areas. The latter presented a higher value of nestedness, which may indicate a co-occurrence between parasite species with many connections in the network and species with fewer interactions within the same individual-host. In addition, modularity was higher in the native area’s networks than those of the invaded area, with subgroups of host individuals that interact more frequently with certain parasite species than with others. Only the networks composed of actively transmitted parasites and ectoparasites did not show significant differences in modularity between the Sea of Azov and the Sea of Japan, which could be due to the introduction of a part of the native community into the invaded environment, with a lower diversity and abundance of species. We show that network analysis provides a valuable tool to illuminate the changes that occur in host–parasite interactions when an invasive species and its parasite community are introduced into a new area.
Quick remedy commits and their impact on mining software repositories
Authors: Wen Fengcai , Nagy Csaba , Lanza Michele , Bavota Gabriele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost changes during software maintenance and evolution are not atomic changes, but rather the result of several related changes affecting different parts of the code. It may happen that developers omit needed changes, thus leaving a task partially unfinished, introducing technical debt or injecting bugs. We present a study investigating “quick remedy commits” performed by developers to implement changes omitted in previous commits. With quick remedy commits we refer to commits that (i) quickly follow a commit performed by the same developer, and (ii) aim at remedying issues introduced as the result of code changes omitted in the previous commit (e.g., fix references to code components that have been broken as a consequence of a rename refactoring) or simply improve the previously committed change (e.g., improve the name of a newly introduced variable). Through a manual analysis of 500 quick remedy commits, we define a taxonomy categorizing the types of changes that developers tend to omit. The taxonomy can (i) guide the development of tools aimed at detecting omitted changes and (ii) help researchers in identifying corner cases that must be properly handled. For example, one of the categories in our taxonomy groups the reverted commits, meaning changes that are undone in a subsequent commit. We show that not accounting for such commits when mining software repositories can undermine one’s findings. In particular, our results show that considering completely reverted commits when mining software repositories accounts, on average, for 0.07 and 0.27 noisy data points when dealing with two typical MSR data collection tasks (i.e., bug-fixing commits identification and refactoring operations mining, respectively).
Feeling as Consciousness of Value
Authors: Vendrell Ferran Ingrid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA vast range of our everyday experiences seem to involve an immediate consciousness of value. We hear the rudeness of someone making offensive comments. In seeing someone risking her life to save another, we recognize her bravery. When we witness a person shouting at an innocent child, we feel the unfairness of this action. If, in learning of a close friend’s success, envy arises in us, we experience our own emotional response as wrong. How are these values apprehended? The three most common answers provided by contemporary philosophy explain the consciousness of value in terms of judgment, emotion, or perception. An alternative view endorsed mainly by authors inspired by the phenomenological tradition argues that values are apprehended by an intentional feeling. In this model, it is by virtue of a feeling that objects are presented as being in different degrees and nuances fair or unfair, boring or funny, good or bad. This paper offers an account of this model of feeling and its basic features, and defends it over alternative models. To this end, the paper discusses different versions of the model circulating in current research which until now have developed in parallel rather than in mutual exchange. The paper also applies the proposed account to the moral domain and examines how a feeling of values is presupposed by several moral experiences.
One-step fabrication of high refractive index inorganic nanostructures
Authors: Zanchetta E. , Della Giustina G. , Gandin A. , Auzelyte V. , Brusatin G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDirect printing of spin-on functional films is probably the most efficient method to develop low-cost novel photonic nanodevices, such as diffraction gratings, planar waveguides, nano- lasers, and antireflective coatings. For these applications high refractive index transparent materials are demanded; however, this class of materials generally requires inorganic oxides, well known for their hardness, typical of ceramic materials, and so incompatible with a soft character of printable resins. Herein, inorganic high refractive index TiO2 micro- and nano- structures, with unusual depth up to 600 nm and aspect ratio larger than 5, are obtained by combining thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL) with UV curing. To achieve printed patterns, a hybrid organic-inorganic spin-on film is deposited at low-temperature by sol–gel processing. Two distinct bottom-up synthetic approaches are used, called in situ and ex situ, using titanium isopropoxide (90%) or TiO2 anatase nanoparticles (70%), respectively, and adding a silica sol modified by organic moieties. The two syntheses were optimized to obtain, after patterning by thermal imprint, amorphous or crystalline titania crack-free micro- and nano- patterns for in situ and ex situ, respectively. The further UV irradiation converts imprinted films to totally inorganic patterns, through the titania photocatalytic effect, allowing refractive indexes up to 1.82 at 632 nm to be achieved. This novel strategy of combining thermal imprint with UV exposure allows inorganic deep patterns to be fabricated without a calcination step, which is generally needed for inorganic resists processing. Eventually, a thermal treatment only at 300 °C can be applied to achieve a final refractive index of 2 at 632 nm.
Relationship Between Rainfall Duration and Sewer System Performance Measures Within the Context of Uncertainty
Authors: Szeląg Bartosz , Kiczko Adam , Łagód Grzegorz , De Paola Francesco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUrbanization and climate change have resulted in an increase in catchment runoff, often exceeding the designed capacity of sewer systems. The decision to modernize a sewer system should be based on appropriate criteria. In engineering practice, the above is commonly achieved using a hydrodynamic model of the catchment and the simulation of various rainfall events. The article presents a methodology to analyze the effect of rainfall characteristics parametrized with intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves in regard to performance measures of sewerage networks (flood volume per unit impervious surface and share of overfilled manholes in the sewerage network) accounting for the model uncertainty determined via the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method. An urban catchment was modeled with the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Analyses showed that the model uncertainty exerts a large impact on certain measures of sewage network operation. Therefore, these measures should be analyzed in similar studies. This is very important at the stage of decision making in regard to the modernization and sustainable development of catchments. It was found that among the model parameters, the Manning roughness coefficient of sewer channels yields a key impact on the specific flood volume, while the area of impervious surfaces yields the greatest impact on the share of overflowed manholes.
Feature-based Groundwater Hydrograph Clustering Using Unsupervised Self-Organizing Map-Ensembles
Authors: Wunsch Andreas , Liesch Tanja , Broda Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrograph clustering helps to identify dynamic patterns within aquifers systems, an important foundation of characterizing groundwater systems and their influences, which is necessary to effectively manage groundwater resources. We develope an unsupervised modeling approach to characterize and cluster hydrographs on regional scale according to their dynamics. We apply feature-based clustering to improve the exploitation of heterogeneous datasets, explore the usefulness of existing features and propose new features specifically useful to describe groundwater hydrographs. The clustering itself is based on a powerful combination of Self-Organizing Maps with a modified DS2L-Algorithm, which automatically derives the cluster number but also allows to influence the level of detail of the clustering. We further develop a framework that combines these methods with ensemble modeling, internal cluster validation indices, resampling and consensus voting to finally obtain a robust clustering result and remove arbitrariness from the feature selection process. Further we propose a measure to sort hydrographs within clusters, useful for both interpretability and visualization. We test the framework with weekly data from the Upper Rhine Graben System, using more than 1800 hydrographs from a period of 30 years (1986-2016). The results show that our approach is adaptively capable of identifying homogeneous groups of hydrograph dynamics. The resulting clusters show both spatially known and unknown patterns, some of which correspond clearly to external controlling factors, such as intensive groundwater management in the northern part of the test area. This framework is easily transferable to other regions and, by adapting the describing features, also to other time series-clustering applications.
Subjective Well-Being of Young People in Therapeutic Residential Care from a Gender Perspective
Authors: González-García Carla , Águila-Otero Alba , Montserrat Carme , Lázaro Susana , Martín Eduardo , del Valle Jorge Fernandez , Bravo Amaia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA growing body of research focus on subjective well-being (SWB) in adolescence; however there are few studies focus specifically on the residential care population and even fewer on differences by type of residential facility separately for males and females. This study aims to analyze SWB in therapeutic residential care (a residential program created to address youths with severe emotional and behavioral problems) in relation to young people in other kinds of residential child care (RCC). 567 adolescents aged 14-18 from Therapeutic Residential Care (TRC) (n=256) and RCC (n=311) participated in the study. Results showed few significant differences concerning the residential program factor. Satisfaction with their own family was greater for young people in TRC and satisfaction, both with the groups they belong to and with their own residential facility, rated higher among the RCC group. Regarding differences by sex, females reported less SWB in all the domains including overall life satisfaction. The effect of the interaction between sex and type of residential program showed that females in TRC reported SWB, particularly low. The main implications for research and intervention will be discussed.
Stress field analysis and its effect on selection of optimal well trajectory in directional drilling (case study: southwest of Iran)
Authors: Abdideh Mohammad , Dastyaft Fawzi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGiven the complexities of reservoir exploration and development, it is vital to understand the geomechanical properties of the reservoir and well in the drilling operation. In constructing a mechanical model of the earth, a combination of environmental geomechanical parameters, as well as the magnitude and direction of stresses, is used. In this study, stress analysis and its effect on azimuth well in deviated drilling in an oil field located in southwestern Iran are investigated. Necessary geomechanical parameters are estimated using density and slowness logs of sonic waves (shear and compression). The Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion is followed to determine a safe mud weight window. A mechanical model of the earth is designed using laboratory data and well logging, and it is validated by the results obtained from laboratory rock mechanics using the calibrated core samples. The results show that drilling in the azimuth at about 135° with an angle of about 15° is the most stable path for the well in the carbonate reservoir formation in the studied oil field.
Modular Frobenius pseudo-varieties
Authors: Robles-Pérez Aureliano M. , Rosales José Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIf $$m \in {\mathbb {N}} \setminus \{0,1\}$$

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and A is a finite subset of $$\bigcup _{k \in {\mathbb {N}} \setminus \{0,1\}} \{1,\ldots ,m-1\}^k$$

⋃

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, then we denote by $$\begin{aligned} {\mathscr {C}}(m,A) =&\{ S\in {\mathscr {S}}_m \mid s_1+\cdots +s_k-m \in S \text { if } (s_1,\ldots ,s_k)\in S^k \text { and } \\ {}&\qquad (s_1 \bmod m, \ldots , s_k \bmod m)\in A \}. \end{aligned}$$

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In this work we prove that $${\mathscr {C}}(m,A)$$

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is a Frobenius pseudo-variety. We also show algorithms that allows us to establish whether a numerical semigroup belongs to $${\mathscr {C}}(m,A)$$

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and to compute all the elements of $${\mathscr {C}}(m,A)$$

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with a fixed genus. Moreover, we introduce and study three families of numerical semigroups, called of second-level, thin and strong, and corresponding to $${\mathscr {C}}(m,A)$$

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when $$A=\{1,\ldots ,m-1\}^3$$

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, respectively.
Upgrading the fuel properties of hydrochar by co-hydrothermal carbonisation of dairy manure and Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi): product characterisation, thermal behaviour, kinetics and thermodynamic properties
Authors: Aliyu Mohammed , Iwabuchi Kazunori , Itoh Takanori 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigated co-hydrothermal carbonisation (co-HTC) of dairy manure (DM) and wood shavings from Larix kaempferi, commonly known as the Japanese larch (JL) to enhance the fuel properties of the resulting hydrochar. The JL was mixed with the DM at 25, 50 and 75 wt.% ratios. Co-HTC was conducted at 260 °C for 20 min. The resulting hydrochars were characterised based on the physicochemical properties and the thermal behaviour. Results showed that the hydrochar solid biofuel properties improved as the ratio of JL was increased. The produced hydrochars were in the region of lignite and closed to the region of the coal with increased fixed carbon, carbon contents and lowered H/C and O/C ratios. Hydrochar with ash content of 7.2 ± 0.5% was obtained at 75 wt.% JL. In addition, the HHV of hydrochar increased remarkably to 26.4 ± 0.02 MJ/kg as the mass ratio of the JL was increased. The surface morphology of the hydrochars were altered and became distinct while the specific surface area (SSA) and the total pore volume (TPV) of the hydrochars increased at increasing the mass ratio of the JL. The surface functional groups were also altered by the co-HTC process. A decline in the combustion performance was observed after the HTC process but improved at 75 wt.% JL after the co-HTC process. The kinetic analysis also revealed that the activation energy decreased after the HTC process but increased to a higher value at 50 wt.% JL after the co-HTC process. Therefore, hydrochar production by co-HTC of DM and JL has proved to be an effective and promising solid biofuel source.
Graphical abstract
Abstracts najaarsvergadering NVU, 5 november 2021
Authors:   Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Published: October 2021

SamenvattingPatiënten met prostaatkanker (PCa) kunnen geselecteerd worden voor zenuwsparende robotgeassisteerde radicale prostatectomie (RARP) middels voorspellingsmodellen voor extraprostatische extensie (EPE). In 2019 hebben Soeterik et al. een easy-to-use voorspellingsmodel met MRI-tumorstadium ontwikkeld en extern gevalideerd voor zijdespecifieke EPE. In deze studie werd dit model getest in een cohort van patiënten die systematische biopten, MRI-gerichte biopten of beide ondergingen.
Adverse drug reactions and drug interactions in the treatment of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Marins Tatiana A. , Marra Alexandre R. , Edmond Michael B. , Colombo Ligia Regina Prystaj , Vieira Sthephanie Favalli , de Oliveira Xavier Fernanda , Chauvin Alessandra Gomes , Pinho João Renato Rebello , de Almeida Silvana M. , Junior Marcelino Souza Durão 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
To identify drugs that were administered off label to hospitalized patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to identify adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug–drug interactions associated with these therapies.

Methods:
This case–control study was conducted in a Brazilian hospital from March to April 2020 among patients with suspected COVID-19, comparing those with positive severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and those with negative results.

Results:
The most commonly used medications in both groups were azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. There was a significantly higher prevalence of reactions among patients with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 (48.5% vs 28.8%; P = .008) in the propensity score–matched cohort, and the most commonly reported ADRs among these patients were diarrhea (43.8%), elevated liver enzymes (31.3%), and nausea and vomiting (29.7%).

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate that ADRs and drug–drug interactions are common with off-label treatments for COVID-19.
Evaluating the trade-off between privacy, public health safety, and digital security in a pandemic
Authors: Akinsanmi Titi , Salami Aishat 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has impacted all aspects of everyday normalcy globally. During the height of the pandemic, people shared their (PI) with one goal—to protect themselves from contracting an “unknown and rapidly mutating” virus. The technologies (from applications based on mobile devices to online platforms) collect (with or without informed consent) large amounts of PI including location, travel, and personal health information. These were deployed to monitor, track, and control the spread of the virus. However, many of these measures encouraged the trade-off on privacy for safety. In this paper, we reexamine the nature of privacy through the lens of safety focused on the health sector, digital security, and what constitutes an infraction or otherwise of the privacy rights of individuals in a pandemic as experienced in the past 18 months. This paper makes a case for maintaining a balance between the benefit, which the contact tracing apps offer in the containment of COVID-19 with the need to ensure end-user privacy and data security. Specifically, it strengthens the case for designing with transparency and accountability measures and safeguards in place as critical to protecting the privacy and digital security of users—in the use, collection, and retention of user data. We recommend oversight measures to ensure compliance with the principles of lawful processing, knowing that these, among others, would ensure the integration of privacy by design principles even in unforeseen crises like an ongoing pandemic; entrench public trust and acceptance, and protect the digital security of people.
Multifunctional and domain independent? A meta-analysis of case studies of biologically inspired design
Authors: Goel Ashok K. , Hancock William 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Much of the literature on biologically inspired design makes two, often unstated and largely unexamined, assumptions: (i) The process of biologically inspired design is independent of the biological domain, and (ii) the design process leads to multifunctional designs. In this paper, we perform a meta-analysis of 74 case studies of biologically inspired design in the Design Study Library. We begin by noting that biologically inspired design has two core processes: problem-driven design and solution-based design. We find that the first assumption about the domain independence of these design processes is questionable. Our analysis indicates that the problem-driven process of biologically inspired design is more prevalent in some domains, whereas the solution-based design process is more common in other domains. Our analysis also indicates that the solution-based process leads to multifunctional designs more often than the problem-driven process. These findings may have useful implications not only for building information-processing theories of biologically inspired design, but also for developing pedagogical techniques for teaching about the paradigm and computational tools for supporting its practice.
Unequal values: equality and race in state of the union addresses, 1960–2018
Authors: Hero Rodney E. , Levy Morris 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe analyze the prevalence and framing of references to equality and inequality in presidential state of the union addresses (SOTUs) delivered between 1960 and 2018. Despite rising income inequality and increased attention among political elites to structural inequalities of race and gender in recent years, we find very few direct or indirect references to inequality as a social problem and surprisingly few references even to the ostensibly consensual and primary values of equal opportunity and political equality. References to racial inequality have been few and far between since the height of the civil rights era. By contrast, another primary value in the American political tradition—economic individualism are a major focus in these SOTUs. We trace the scant presence of equality talk in these speeches to the ambiguous scope of egalitarian goals and principles and their close tie-in with race in America. We rely on automated text analysis and systematic hand-coding of these speeches to identify broad thematic emphases as well as on close reading to interpret the patterns that these techniques reveal.