bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The peril and promise of sensitivity in eating disorders
Authors: Sim Leslie , Peterson Carol B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDifferential susceptibility, a reconceptualization of the diathesis‐stress model of psychopathology, describes gene–environment interactions that reflect individual differences in responsiveness to environmental influences, both detrimental and beneficial. This model has been described metaphorically by the classification of orchids, which thrive under optimal care but wither under adverse conditions, and dandelions, which weather broad environmental circumstances but are less responsive to careful cultivation. Etiological research in the field of eating disorders has largely focused on the identification of specific behavioral phenotypes, temperamental traits, genotypes and neurobiological processes that confer risk. In this article, we propose that these putative vulnerability factors represent phenotypes and endophenotypes of a genetic predisposition towards environmental sensitivity. We assert that this sensitivity not only transmits eating disorder risk but also confers resilience, depending on the circumstances. In particular, we propose that differential susceptibility can be used as a framework to organize disparate temperamental and neurobiological findings and their complex interplay with various developmental, environmental and sociocultural influences to increase eating disorder risk and treatment responsiveness. Finally, we assert that viewed through the lens of differential susceptibility, sensitivity can be leveraged to refine our interventions and develop novel treatment and prevention strategies to support favorable outcomes for individuals with eating disorders.
A molecular and ecological study of Grillotia (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) larval infection in small to mid‐sized benthonic sharks in the Gulf of Naples, Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Santoro Mario , Bellisario Bruno , Crocetta Fabio , Degli Uberti Barbara , Palomba Marialetizia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTrypanorhyncha cestodes comprise a wide range of heteroxenous parasites infecting elasmobranchs as definitive hosts. Limited data exist on the larval infection of these cestodes and the role of intermediate and paratenic hosts in the life cycle of these parasites. We investigated the factors that determine the occurrence and the level of infection of Grillotia plerocerci in the skeletal muscles of various benthonic sharks and analyzed the parasites through an integrative taxonomic approach.LocationMediterranean Sea.MethodsSharks obtained as bycatch of commercial trawling activities (i.e., Etmopterus spinax, Galeus melastomus, and Scyliorhinus canicula) were used in this study. Data from a limited number of Dalatias licha and Scyliorhinus stellaris were also included. Grillotia plerocerci were molecularly characterized using the partial 28S large subunit rDNA. Boosted regression trees were used to model the relationship between the abundance of infection with both morphological and physiological predictors in each host.ResultsPlerocerci of Grillotia were detected in all shark species except S. stellaris. Host species significantly differed in terms of parasite abundance, with the highest and lowest prevalence and abundance of infection detected in G. melastomus and E. spinax, respectively. The relative influence of the traits involved in explaining the parasite abundance was related to the host size in G. melastomus, while both morphology‐ and physiology‐related traits explained the patterns observed in E. spinax and S. canicula. The 28S rDNA sequences shared an identity of ∼99.40% with a Grillotia species previously found in the Mediterranean Sea. At intraspecific level, two different genotypes were found. A first type was retrieved only from D. licha, whereas a second type was found in G. melastomus, E. spinax, and S. canicula.Main conclusionsPresent results suggest that the two genotypes could be involved in different consumer‐resource systems and confirm most of the examined shark species as transport hosts of Grillotia species for unknown larger top predators.
The influence of ultraviolet reflectance differs between conspicuous aposematic signals in neotropical butterflies and poison frogs
Authors: Yeager Justin , Barnett James B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWarning signals are often characterized by highly contrasting, distinctive, and memorable colors. Greater chromatic (hue) and achromatic (brightness) contrast have both been found to contribute to greater signal efficacy, making longwave colored signals (e.g., red and yellow), that are perceived by both chromatic and achromatic visual pathways, particularly common. Conversely, shortwave colors (e.g., blue and ultraviolet) do not contribute to luminance perception yet are also commonly found in warning signals. Our understanding of the role of UV in aposematic signals is currently incomplete as UV perception is not universal, and evidence for its utility is at best mixed. We used visual modeling to quantify how UV affects signal contrast in aposematic heliconiian butterflies and poison frogs both of which reflect UV wavelengths, occupy similar habitats, and share similar classes of predators. Previous work on butterflies has found that UV reflectance does not affect predation risk but is involved in mate choice. As the butterflies, but not the frogs, have UV‐sensitive vision, the function of UV reflectance in poison frogs is currently unknown. We found that despite showing up strongly in UV photographs, UV reflectance only appreciably affected visual contrast in the butterflies. As such, these results support the notion that although UV reflectance is associated with intraspecific communication in butterflies, it appears to be nonfunctional in frogs. Consequently, our data highlight that we should be careful when assigning a selection‐based benefit to the presence of UV reflectance.
Acute myocarditis after COVID‐19 vaccination with mRNA‐1273 in a patient with former SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Nguyen Tien Dung , Mall Gerhard , Westphal Julian Georg , Weingärtner Oliver , Möbius‐Winkler Sven , Schulze Paul Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe describe a case of a 20‐year‐old healthy man developing chest pain and classical symptoms of vaccine reactogenicity 12 h after receiving the first dose of mRNA‐1273 (Moderna). Cardiac troponin T was increased, and subepicardial inflammation and focal contractile dysfunction were detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography. We confirmed the diagnosis of acute myocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy demonstrating significant infiltration of monocytes and T lymphocytes. Although we detected IgG against nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) indicating prior infection, the patient repeatedly tested negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 and had been asymptomatic for several months. Furthermore, viral genome analysis of endomyocardial biopsy samples was negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 and other potential cardiotropic viruses. These findings and the strong temporal relation between the vaccination and the symptom onset imply a potential side effect of mRNA‐1273.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Selective C7 Halogenation of Indolines
Authors: Manisha  , Gupta Shiv Shankar , Dhiman Ankit Kumar , Sharma Upendra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient Rh‐catalyzed catalytic method has been developed for selective C7 halogenation of N‐pyrimidyl indolines with N‐halosuccinimides (Cl, Br, I) to produce corresponding halides in good to excellent yields. The advantages of this strategy include broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity for C7 functionalization of indolines and feasibility at gram scale level. Various control experiments have been performed to understand the reaction pathway. Applicability of current methodology has been demonstrated by indole synthesis and post‐transformation of the C7 halogenated indolines into different valuable molecules.
Effects of Nafion ionomer content on the performance of membraneless direct formate fuel cells
Authors: Shyu Jin‐Cherng , Wang Yun‐Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, the performance of alkaline, membraneless, and direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs) in a particular configuration was measured and investigated at various fuel concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 M and fuel flow rates ranging from 1 to 5 mL/min, with anode Nafion ionomer contents of 3.73, 2.49, and 1.87 mg/cm2, at cell temperatures ranging from room temperature to 60℃. An anolyte solution containing potassium formate (HCOOK) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) was fed into the flow field sandwiched between the anode and cathode catalyst layers, while air was forced into the airflow field at a 100‐sccm flow rate as the oxidant. Both Pd and Pt are used as the anode and cathode catalysts, respectively, of the DFFCs with 2‐mg/cm2 identical loading. The results showed that both the open circuit voltage and the maximum power density of the DFFCs were enhanced by reducing the Nafion ionomer content. Besides, feeding the DFFCs with the anolyte containing 3‐M HCOOK in 3‐M KOH yielded the highest cell output. As the DFFCs were fed with the anolyte containing 3‐M HCOOK in 3‐M KOH at 3 mL/min with anode Nafion ionomer content of 1.87 mg/cm2, the peak power density values of the fuel cells at room temperature and 60℃ were 66.24 and 85.60 mW/cm2, respectively.
Simulation of a parabolic trough solar collector containing hybrid nanofluid and equipped with compound turbulator to evaluate exergy efficacy and thermal‐hydraulic performance
Authors: Khetib Yacine , Alahmadi Ahmad , Alzaed Ali , Sharifpur Mohsen , Cheraghian Goshtasp , Siakachoma Cornelius 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research is mainly aimed at investigating the numerical modeling of thermal‐hydraulic and exergy efficiencies of parabolic trough solar collectors (P‐SCs) filled with magnetic hybrid nanofluid. The k‐epsilon turbulence, S2S, and mixture models were used to simulate the turbulence equations, radiation, and two‐phase nanofluid, respectively. The experiments were run using magnetic nanofluid in Reynolds numbers of 5000‐20 000, the volume fractions of 1%‐3%, and the ratios of pitch (ROPs) of 1, 2, and 3 of the combined turbulator. According to the results, there is a significant increase in average Nusselt number (Nu) and pressure drop (ΔP) with increasing Reynolds number, nano‐additive concentration, and ROP. Moreover, the use of the hybrid magnetic turbulator and hybrid nanofluid increased the thermal performance of the P‐SC. It was also found that the Reynolds number of 20 000 and volume fraction of 3% of nanoparticles resulted in the optimal exergy efficiency mode in using a hybrid turbulator.
Blockchain and artificial intelligence enabled privacy‐preserving medical data transmission in Internet of Things
Authors: Alzubi Omar A. , Alzubi Jafar A. , Shankar K. , Gupta Deepak 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdvancements in information technology have benefited the healthcare industry by providing it with distinct methods of managing medical data which improve the quality of medical services. The Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence are the foundations for innovative sustainable computing technologies in e‐healthcare applications. In the IoT‐enabled sustainable healthcare system, the IoT devices normally record the patient data and transfer it to the cloud for further processing. Security is considered an important issue in the design of IoT networks in the healthcare environment. To resolve this issue, this article presents a novel blockchain and artificial intelligence‐enabled secure medical data transmission (BAISMDT) for IoT networks. The goal of the BAISMDT model is to achieve security and privacy in reliable data transmission of the IoT networks. The proposed model involves a signcryption technique for secure and reliable IoT data transmission. The blockchain‐enabled secure medical data transmission process takes place among the IoT gadgets and service providers. The blockchain technique is applied to generate a viable environment to securely and reliably transmit data among different data providers. Next to the decryption process, the modified discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm with wavelet kernel extreme learning machine model is applied to determine the presence of disease. An extensive set of simulations were carried out on a benchmark medical dataset. The experimental results analysis pointed out the superior performance of the proposed BAISMDT model with the accuracy of 97.54% and 98.13% on the applied Heart Statlog and WBC dataset, respectively.
Characterization of volatile aroma compounds in litchi (Heiye) wine and distilled spirit
Authors: Zhao Lili , Ruan Shili , Yang Xiangke , Chen Qiling , Shi Kan , Lu Ke , He Ling , Liu Shuwen , Song Yangbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study used litchi (Heiye) wine and distilled spirit as raw experimental materials to analyze the volatile aroma compounds. Qualitative and quantitative determination of aromatic components was studied using stir bar sportive extraction (SBSE) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results indicated that a total of 128 different types of aroma compounds were observed, which belonged to six chemical groups, including 39 esters, 16 alcohols, 16 acids, 22 terpenes, 17 aldehydes and ketones, and 18 other compounds. In particular, esters were the highest among all six categories and represented approximately 52% of the total flavor component content in litchi distilled spirit. The odor activity values (OAVs) revealed 22 types of aroma compounds with OAVs >1 in this test. It is possible that the produced litchi distilled spirit had a stronger varietal character due to the increased concentrations and OAVs of β‐damascenone, linalool, ethyl butyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl caproate, trans‐rose oxide, and cis‐rose oxide. Taking the OAVs into account, we evaluated the characteristic aromas for litchi wine and litchi distilled spirit.
A proposed lectin‐mediated mechanism to explain the in Vivo antihyperglycemic activity of γ‐conglutin from Lupinus albus seeds
Authors: Grácio Madalena , Rocha João , Pinto Rui , Boavida Ferreira Ricardo , Solas João , Eduardo‐Figueira Maria , Sepodes Bruno , Ribeiro Ana Cristina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExperiments conducted in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical trials for hypoglycemic therapeutics, support the hypoglycemic properties of the lectin γ‐conglutin, a Lupinus seed storage protein, by a mechanism not yet been clarified.Structural studies established that binding of γ‐conglutin, in native and denatured form, to insulin occurs by a strong binding that resists rupture when 0.4 M NaCl and 0.4 M galactose are present, suggesting that strong electrostatic interactions are involved. Studies on binding of γ‐conglutin in native and denatured form to HepG2 membrane glycosylated receptors were conducted, which reveal that only the native form of γ‐conglutin with lectin activity is capable of binding to these receptors.Glycosylated insulin receptors were detected on purified HepG2 cell membranes and characterized by 1D and 2D analyses.Preclinical assays with male mice (CD‐1) indicated that native and denatured γ‐conglutins display antihyperglycemic effect, decreasing glucose in blood comparable after 120 min to that exhibited by the animal group treated with metformin, used to treat T2D and used as a positive control. Measurement of organ injury/functional biomarkers (hepatic, pancreatic, renal, and lipid profile) was comparable to that of metformin treatment or even better in terms of safety endpoints (pancreatic and hepatic biomarkers).
An experimental and numerical study of the exchange current density in an HTPEM fuel cell
Authors: Çelik Murat , Elden Gülşah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of exchange current density, as dependent on operating parameters, on the activation polarization in an HTPEM fuel cell. In line with this purpose, cell performance tests were performed for different relative humidity levels (from 0 to 20% in steps of 5%) and six different acid doping levels (4.26, 4.53, 4.95, 5.51, 7.24, 7.51 H3PO4/RPU PBI) at constant cell temperature (120 °C). The exchange current densities, as dependent on acid doping level and relative humidity, were determined by fitting a zero‐dimensional steady‐state mathematical model to the cell performance test results. Finally, to investigate the activation polarization in the cell, the exchange current densities obtained were incorporated within a numerical model. The results show that the effects of relative humidity on the exchange current density are relatively limited at all acid doping levels when the relative humidity is greater than 5%. The exchange current densities exhibit a decreasing trend with increasing acid doping level. Furthermore, it was found that the acid doping level and relative humidity have a strong influence on the anode overpotential, whereas no significant effect on the cathode overpotential was observed.
Flint sources and mobility at the Chalcolithic (3500–2200 BCE) settlement of Zambujal (Portugal)
Authors: Jordão Patrícia , Pimentel Nuno 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProvenance studies of the siliceous sedimentary raw material used by ancient communities are essential to understanding the mobility and exchange networks of these communities. The establishment of the direct procurement territory is the first step to understanding the role of the ‘imported’ artefacts. In this study, flint cores, flakes, bladelets and debitage from the Chalcolithic settlement of Zambujal (Estremadura, Portugal), recovered in excavations between 1964 and 1979, are analysed. We attempt to identify the local and regional source areas of these stone materials and compare their petrography (facies and microfacies textures). This study demonstrates the importance of employing three scales of analysis in petrographic studies (the macro‐, meso‐ and micro‐) to structure and determine flint provenance. Analysis of cortical material shows the relevance of secondary detrital outcrops during the Chalcolithic of the Portuguese Estremadura. Small cobbles were directly collected in both local and regional formations dated to the Palaeogene and Cenomanian, in a large (approx. 40 km) exploration territory, to produce expedient and specialized artefacts (i.e., bladelets). However, a large portion of stone tools from Zambujal made from Cenomanian flint cannot be assigned to local or regional procurement. The unclear provenance of these materials suggests directions for future research.
Macrophages in the cochlea; an immunological link between risk factors and progressive hearing loss
Authors: Hough Kate , Verschuur Carl A. , Cunningham Colm , Newman Tracey A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMacrophages are abundant in the cochlea; however, their role in hearing loss is not well understood. Insults to the cochlea, such as noise or insertion of a cochlear implant, cause an inflammatory response, which includes activation of tissue‐resident macrophages. Activation is characterized by changes in macrophage morphology, mediator expression, and distribution. Evidence from other organs shows activated macrophages can become primed, whereby subsequent insults cause an elevated inflammatory response. Primed macrophages in brain pathologies respond to circulating inflammatory mediators by disproportionate synthesis of inflammatory mediators. This signaling occurs behind an intact blood–brain barrier, similar to the blood‐labyrinth barrier in the cochlea. Local tissue damage can occur as the result of mediator release by activated macrophages. Damage is typically localized; however, if it is to structures with limited ability to repair, such as neurons or hair cells within the cochlea, it is feasible that this contributes to the progressive loss of function seen in hearing loss. We propose that macrophages in the cochlea link risk factors and hearing loss. Injury to the cochlea causes local macrophage activation that typically resolves. However, in susceptible individuals, some macrophages enter a primed state. Once primed, these macrophages can be further activated, as a consequence of circulating inflammatory molecules associated with common co‐morbidities. Hypothetically, this would lead to further cochlear damage and loss of hearing. We review the evidence for the role of tissue‐resident macrophages in the cochlea and propose that cochlear macrophages contribute to the trajectory of hearing loss and warrant further study.
Genome‐Wide Association Study of NAFLD Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Fairfield Cameron J. , Drake Thomas M. , Pius Riinu , Bretherick Andrew D. , Campbell Archie , Clark David W. , Fallowfield Jonathan A. , Hayward Caroline , Henderson Neil C. , Joshi Peter K. , Mills Nicholas L. , Porteous David J. , Ramachandran Prakash , Semple Robert K. , Shaw Catherine A. , Sudlow Cathie L.M. , Timmers Paul R.H.J. , Wilson James F. , Wigmore Stephen J. , Harrison Ewen M. , Spiliopoulou Athina 
Published: September 2021

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have largely relied on small sample sizes and have assessed quantitative traits. We performed a case‐control GWAS in the UK Biobank using recorded diagnosis of NAFLD based on diagnostic codes recommended in recent consensus guidelines. We performed a GWAS of 4,761 cases of NAFLD and 373,227 healthy controls without evidence of NAFLD. Sensitivity analyses were performed excluding other co‐existing hepatic pathology, adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and adjusting for alcohol intake. A total of 9,723,654 variants were assessed by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, genetic principal components, and genotyping batch. We performed a GWAS meta‐analysis using available summary association statistics. Six risk loci were identified (P < 5*10−8) (apolipoprotein E [APOE], patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 [PNPLA3, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 [TM6SF2], glucokinase regulator [GCKR], mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 1 [MARC1], and tribbles pseudokinase 1 [TRIB1]). All loci retained significance in sensitivity analyses without co‐existent hepatic pathology and after adjustment for BMI. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 remained significant after adjustment for alcohol (alcohol intake was known in only 158,388 individuals), with others demonstrating consistent direction and magnitude of effect. All six loci were significant on meta‐analysis. Rs429358 (P = 2.17*10−11) is a missense variant within the APOE gene determining ϵ4 versus ϵ2/ϵ3 alleles. The ϵ4 allele of APOE offered protection against NAFLD (odds ratio for heterozygotes 0.84 [95% confidence interval 0.78‐0.90] and homozygotes 0.64 [0.50‐0.79]). Conclusion: This GWAS replicates six known NAFLD‐susceptibility loci and confirms that the ϵ4 allele of APOE is associated with protection against NAFLD. The results are consistent with published GWAS using histological and radiological measures of NAFLD, confirming that NAFLD identified through diagnostic codes from consensus guidelines is a valid alternative to more invasive and costly approaches.