bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Profiles of Patients with Progressive Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia
Authors: Polsinelli Angelina J. , Machulda Mary M. , Martin Peter R. , Duffy Joseph R. , Clark Heather M. , Butts Alissa M. , Botha Hugo , Lowe Val J. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. , Utianski Rene L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:To characterize and compare the neuropsychological profiles of patients with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) and apraxia of speech with progressive agrammatic aphasia (AOS-PAA).Method:Thirty-nine patients with PPAOS and 49 patients with AOS-PAA underwent formal neurological, speech, language, and neuropsychological evaluations. Cognitive domains assessed included immediate and delayed episodic memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-Third edition; Logical Memory; Visual Reproduction; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), processing speed (Trail Making Test A), executive functioning (Trail Making Test B; Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning Scale – Sorting), and visuospatial ability (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure copy).Results:The PPAOS patients were cognitively average or higher in the domains of immediate and delayed episodic memory, processing speed, executive functioning, and visuospatial ability. Patients with AOS-PAA performed more poorly on tests of immediate and delayed episodic memory and executive functioning compared to those with PPAOS. For every 1 unit increase in aphasia severity (e.g. mild to moderate), performance declined by 1/3 to 1/2 a standard deviation depending on cognitive domain. The degree of decline was stronger within the more verbally mediated domains, but was also notable in less verbally mediated domains.Conclusion:The study provides neuropsychological evidence further supporting the distinction of PPAOS from primary progressive aphasia and should be used to inform future diagnostic criteria. More immediately, it informs prognostication and treatment planning.
Development of Short and Ultra-Short Forms of the Multidimensional	Self-Esteem Scale
Authors: Rentzsch Katrin , Erz Elina , Schütz Astrid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The multidimensional assessment of self-esteem plays an important role in self-esteem research. In this article, we present the development of a short form and an ultra-short form of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale (MSES; Schütz et al., 2016 ). Items were selected by eliminating redundant items and by using a deterministic search algorithm in a sample of 644 adults ( Mage = 47.0). Construct validity was established by investigating the relations between each MSES short form and other constructs and cross-validating the factor structure of both short forms of the MSES in 674 adolescents ( Mage = 14.2) and in 425 adults from a preregistered study ( Mage = 49.1). Both short scales demonstrated satisfactory reliability and factorial validity in all samples. Analyses examining relations with the Big Five personality traits, narcissism, and academic achievement supported construct validity in all age groups. The present research indicates that the short versions of the MSES are economic and valid instruments for measuring multidimensional self-esteem in adolescents and adults. The short form (MSES-24) should be particularly useful in applied research settings with a need to reduce participants’ burden, whereas the ultra-short form (MSES-12) may prove convenient for panel studies and large-scale research with limited time capacities.
Comparison of CIMI Simulations and TWINS Observations on June 28 and 29, 2013
Authors: Shekhar Sapna , Perez J. D. , Davidson K. , Fok M. C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA moderate geomagnetic storm (Sym/H −100 nT) during June 28 and 29, 2013 was studied using Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere (CIMI) simulations and results were compared with Two wide‐angle Imaging Neutral‐atom Spectrometers (TWINS) observations of the spatial and temporal evolution of ring current (RC) ions including ion pressure, anisotropy, intensity, and median energy. At the onset of the storm (11:00 UT on June 28), TWINS ion pressure peaks were located radially outward and dusk ward compared to CIMI. During the main phase and the recovery phase (06:00 UT on June 28 to 16:00 UT on June 29), southward IMF Bz and rapid AE index fluctuations were observed indicating substorm ion injections and TWINS observed multiple ion pressure peaks at least one of which were found to be close to the locations of CIMI ion pressure peaks. TWINS also observed regions of parallel pressure anisotropy near pre‐midnight sectors. The RC ion energies in TWINS were found to be very low (10 keV) indicating convective transport of ions. When the storm had nearly recovered post 17:00 UT on June 29, TWINS and CIMI observed single pressure peaks but TWINS ion pressure peaks were radially outward compared to CIMI. Also, the spatial profiles of TWINS ion energies showed gradual removal of low‐energy ions. Over all, TWINS and CIMI results were found to agree on the general features of the RC. However, effects of shielding electric fields, particle injections, and presence of ions were more prominent in TWINS data.
Large Eddy Simulation of Particle Transport and Deposition Over Multiple 2D Square Obstacles in a Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: Le Ribault C. , Vinkovic I. , Simoëns S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPredicting solid particle transport in the lowest parts of the atmosphere is a major issue for man‐made obstacles in semi‐arid regions. Here, we investigate the effects on solid particle saltation, of square obstacles on the ground with different spacings. The aerodynamic field is determined by large eddy simulations coupled with an immersed boundary method for the obstacles. Solid particles are tracked by a Lagrangian approach. Take‐off and rebound models are introduced for the interaction of particles with the wall. Without particles, fluid velocity profiles are first compared with experiments (Simoens et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.013) showing good agreement. Special focus is put on the recirculation zone that plays an important role in solid particle entrapment.Particle concentration fields are presented. Accumulation zones are studied regarding the different obstacle spacings as an extension of the aerodynamic scheme by Oke (1988, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(88)90026-6) to solid particle transport. A deposition peak appears before the first obstacle. When the spacing between the two obstacles is large enough, some particles are trapped within the recirculation and a second deposition peak arises. The streamwise evolution of the horizontal saltation flux shows that the lowest flux downstream of the obstacles is obtained for the highest separation. The deposition rate or the streamwise saltation flux are estimated globally as a function of obstacle spacing. These results illustrate how the numerical tool developed here can be used for assessing air quality in terms of solid particle concentration.
Climate‐Driven Limits to Future Carbon Storage in California's Wildland Ecosystems
Authors: Coffield Shane R. , Hemes Kyle S. , Koven Charles D. , Goulden Michael L. , Randerson James T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnhanced ecosystem carbon storage is a key component of many climate mitigation pathways. The State of California has set an ambitious goal of carbon neutrality by 2045, relying in part on enhanced carbon sequestration in natural and working lands. We used statistical modeling, including random forest and climate analog approaches, to explore the climate‐driven challenges and uncertainties associated with the goal of long‐term carbon sequestration in forests and shrublands. We found that seasonal patterns of temperature and precipitation are strong controllers of the spatial distribution of aboveground live carbon. RCP8.5 projections of temperature and precipitation are estimated to drive decreases of 16.1% ± 7.5% in aboveground live carbon by the end of the century, with coastal areas of central and northern California and low/mid‐elevation mountain areas being most vulnerable. With RCP4.5 projections, declines are less severe, with 8.8% ± 5.3% carbon loss. In either scenario, increases in temperature systematically cause biomass declines, and the spread of projected precipitation across 32 CMIP5 models contributes to substantial uncertainty in the magnitude of that decline. Projected changes in the environmental niche for the 20 most biomass‐dominant tree species revealed widespread replacement of conifers by oak species in low elevation regions of central and northern California, with a corresponding decline in carbon storage depending on expected migration rates. The spatial patterns of vulnerability we identify may allow policymakers to assess where carbon sequestration in aboveground biomass is an appropriate part of a climate mitigation portfolio, and where future climate‐driven carbon losses may be a liability.
Intermittent Post‐Paleocene Continental Collision in South Asia
Authors: Liu Liang , Liu Lijun , Xu Yi‐Gang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThree different conceptual models have been proposed for the Cenozoic subduction style in South Asia, including Greater India, Intra‐oceanic Arc, and Continental Terrane (or Greater Indian basin). Since these models imply distinctive origins for the Tethyan–Greater Himalayan (TGH) sequences, for example, as a relic of the subducted Greater India or Gondwana–affiliated continental terrane, quantitively reproducing the relic TGH crustal mass with numerical models could help further constrain the debated Cenozoic subduction history between India and Eurasia. Based on the modeling results, we show that the subducted plate since the Paleocene should consist of a significant oceanic portion that is, ∼1,000 km long for the Intra‐oceanic Arc model and up to 2,000 km long for the Terrane model. Our results do not support the existence of a continuous >3,000 km long continental Greater India before the early Eocene collision in South Asia.
Impact Versus Frictional Earthquake Models for High‐Frequency Radiation in Complex Fault Zones
Authors: Tsai Victor C. , Hirth Greg , Trugman Daniel T. , Chu Shanna X. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarthquakes occur within complex fault zones containing numerous intersecting fault strands. This complexity poses a computational challenge for rupture models, which typically simplify fault structure to a small number of rough fault surfaces, with all other deformation assumed to be off‐fault viscoplastic deformation. In such models, high‐frequency ground motions originate solely from frictionally mediated, heterogeneous slip on a small number of potentially rough fault surfaces or from off‐fault viscoplastic deformation. Alternative explanations for high‐frequency ground motion generation that can account for a larger number of fault surfaces remain difficult to assess. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of a recently proposed stochastic impact model in which high‐frequency ground motion is caused by elastic impacts of structures within a complex fault zone. Impacts are envisioned to occur in response to fault motion in the presence of geometrical incompatibilities, which promotes transfer of slip onto different fault strands on timescales mediated by elasticity. We investigate the role of a complex fault zone for high‐frequency ground motion by comparing the underlying assumptions and resulting predictions of impact and rough fault frictional models. Relative to rough fault frictional models, impact models are characterized by deformation timescales and corner frequencies that are set by elasticity rather than viscoplasticity, relatively angular rather than smoothly varying fault roughness geometries, high‐frequency radiation patterns that are more isotropic, and higher P/S radiated energies. We outline ways to discriminate whether impact or rough fault frictional models are more likely to explain observations of high‐frequency ground motions.
Nutrients in Water Masses in the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean: Temporal Trends, Mixing and Links With Primary Production
Authors: Duarte Pedro , Meyer Amelie , Moreau Sebastien 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is strong evidence of an increase in primary production (PP) in the Arctic Ocean (AO) over the last two decades. Further increases will depend on the interplay between decreasing light limitation for primary producers, as the sea ice extent and thickness decrease, and the availability of nutrients, which is controlled by, but not limited to, inputs from the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. While these inputs are the major nutrient sources to the AO, ocean vertical mixing is required to bring the nutrients into the photic zone. We analyze data collected in the Western Eurasian Basin (WEB) between 1980 and 2016 and characterize the nutrient climatology of the various water masses. We conclude that there were no significant trends in the concentrations of the two macronutrients that typically limit PP in the AO (nitrate and silicic acid, in the case of diatoms), except a decreasing trend for silicic acid in Polar Surface Water (PSW), which is consistent with the reported increase in PP in the AO. We suggest that the Whalers Bay polynya, located in the northwestern corner of Svalbard, may act as a mixing hotspot, creating patches of nutrient replenished PSW. These patches may then be advected to higher latitudes under the ice pack, later boosting PP upon release from light limitation or else, keeping a nutrient reservoir that may be used in a subsequent growth season. It is likely that this remaining nutrient reservoir will decrease as sea ice cover retreats and light limitation alleviates.
A two-stage amplified PZT sensor for monitoring lung and heart sounds in discharged pneumonia patients
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Yu Shuai , Liu Haiyang , Liu Jie , Xiao Yongguang , Wu Dandan , Pan Xiaoyu , Zhou Cuihong , Lei Yifeng , Liu Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAssessment of lung and heart states is of critical importance for patients with pneumonia. In this study, we present a small-sized and ultrasensitive accelerometer for continuous monitoring of lung and heart sounds to evaluate the lung and heart states of patients. Based on two-stage amplification, which consists of an asymmetric gapped cantilever and a charge amplifier, our accelerometer exhibited an extremely high ratio of sensitivity to noise compared with conventional structures. Our sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 9.2 V/g at frequencies less than 1000 Hz, making it suitable to use to monitor weak physiological signals, including heart and lung sounds. For the first time, lung injury, heart injury, and both lung and heart injuries in discharged pneumonia patients were revealed by our sensor device. Our sound sensor also successfully tracked the recovery course of the discharged pneumonia patients. Over time, the lung and heart states of the patients gradually improved after discharge. Our observations were in good agreement with clinical reports. Compared with conventional medical instruments, our sensor device provides rapid and highly sensitive detection of lung and heart sounds, which greatly helps in the evaluation of lung and heart states of pneumonia patients. This sensor provides a cost-effective alternative approach to the diagnosis and prognosis of pneumonia and has the potential for clinical and home-use health monitoring.
Guanylate-binding proteins induce apoptosis of leukemia cells by regulating MCL-1 and BAK
Authors: Luo Yongyang , Jin Hanyong , Kim Je Hyeong , Bae Jeehyeon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are well-known for mediating host-defense mechanisms against cellular pathogens. Emerging evidence suggests that GBPs are also implicated in tumorigenesis; however, their underlying molecular mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we identified that GBP1 and GBP2 interact with MCL-1, the key prosurvival member of the BCL-2 family, via its BH3 domain. GBPs induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, where the proapoptotic BCL-2 member, BAK, is an indispensable mediator. In particular, GBP2 completely inhibited the MCL-1-mediated promotion of the survival of CML cells through competitive inhibition, resulting in BAK liberation from MCL-1. Concurrently, GBP2 dramatically upregulates BAK expression via its inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, paclitaxel upregulates GBP2 expression, and paclitaxel-induced apoptotic activity was distinctively compromised by knockout of GBP2 in CML cells. Bioinformatics analyses of leukemia databases revealed that transcripts of GBPs were generally downregulated in leukemia patients and that GBPs were favorable prognosis markers. Thus, these findings provide molecular evidence of GBPs as apoptosis-inducing proteins of leukemia cells and suggest that GBPs are attractive targets for the development of chemotherapeutics.
Evolutionarily recent dual obligatory symbiosis among adelgids indicates a transition between fungus- and insect-associated lifestyles
Authors: Szabó Gitta , Schulz Frederik , Manzano-Marín Alejandro , Toenshoff Elena Rebecca , Horn Matthias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Adelgids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Adelgidae) form a small group of insects but harbor a surprisingly diverse set of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts, which suggest multiple replacement and acquisition of symbionts over evolutionary time. Specific pairs of symbionts have been associated with adelgid lineages specialized on different secondary host conifers. Using a metagenomic approach, we investigated the symbiosis of the Adelges laricis/Adelgestardus species complex containing betaproteobacterial (“Candidatus Vallotia tarda”) and gammaproteobacterial (“Candidatus Profftia tarda”) symbionts. Genomic characteristics and metabolic pathway reconstructions revealed that Vallotia and Profftia are evolutionary young endosymbionts, which complement each other’s role in essential amino acid production. Phylogenomic analyses and a high level of genomic synteny indicate an origin of the betaproteobacterial symbiont from endosymbionts of Rhizopus fungi. This evolutionary transition was accompanied with substantial loss of functions related to transcription regulation, secondary metabolite production, bacterial defense mechanisms, host infection, and manipulation. The transition from fungus to insect endosymbionts extends our current framework about evolutionary trajectories of host-associated microbes.
No evidence for differential gene expression in major depressive disorder PBMCs, but robust evidence of elevated biological ageing
Authors: Cole John J. , McColl Alison , Shaw Robin , Lynall Mary-Ellen , Cowen Philip J. , de Boer Peter , Drevets Wayne C. , Harrison Neil , Pariante Carmine , Pointon Linda ,   NIMA consortium, Goodyear Carl , Bullmore Edward , Cavanagh Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe increasingly compelling data supporting the involvement of immunobiological mechanisms in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) might provide some explanation forthe variance in this heterogeneous condition. Peripheral blood measures of cytokines and chemokines constitute the bulk of evidence, with consistent meta-analytic data implicating raised proinflammatory cytokines such as IL6, IL1β and TNF. Among the potential mechanisms linking immunobiological changes to affective neurobiology is the accelerated biological ageing seen in MDD, particularly via the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, the cellular source of immunobiological markers remains unclear. Pre-clinical evidence suggests a role for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), thus here we aimed to explore the transcriptomic profile using RNA sequencing in PBMCs in a clinical sample of people with various levels of depression and treatment response comparing it with that in healthy controls (HCs). There were three groups with major depressive disorder (MDD): treatment-resistant (n = 94), treatment-responsive (n = 47) and untreated (n = 46). Healthy controls numbered 44. Using PBMCs gene expression analysis was conducted using RNAseq to a depth of 54.5 million reads. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using DESeq2. The data showed no robust signal differentiating MDD and HCs. There was, however, significant evidence of elevated biological ageing in MDD vs HC. Biological ageing was evident in these data as a transcriptional signature of 888 age-associated genes (adjusted p < 0.05, absolute log2fold > 0.6) that also correlated strongly with chronological age (spearman correlation coefficient of 0.72). Future work should expand clinical sample sizes and reduce clinical heterogeneity. Exploration of RNA-seq signatures in other leukocyte populations and single cell RNA sequencing may help uncover more subtle differences. However, currently the subtlety of any PBMC signature mitigates against its convincing use as a diagnostic or predictive biomarker.
Discovery of SARS-CoV-2-E channel inhibitors as antiviral candidates
Authors: Wang Yi , Fang Sui , Wu Yan , Cheng Xi , Zhang Lei-ke , Shen Xu-rui , Li Shuang-qu , Xu Jian-rong , Shang Wei-juan , Gao Zhao-bing , Xia Bing-qing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLack of efficiency has been a major problem shared by all currently developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies. Our previous study shows that SARS-CoV-2 structural envelope (2-E) protein forms a type of cation channel, and heterogeneously expression of 2-E channels causes host cell death. In this study we developed a cell-based high throughput screening (HTS) assay and used it to discover inhibitors against 2-E channels. Among 4376 compounds tested, 34 hits with cell protection activity were found. Followed by an anti-viral analysis, 15 compounds which could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication were identified. In electrophysiological experiments, three representatives showing inhibitory effect on 2-E channels were chosen for further characterization. Among them, proanthocyanidins directly bound to 2-E channel with binding affinity (KD) of 22.14 μM in surface plasmon resonance assay. Molecular modeling and docking analysis revealed that proanthocyanidins inserted into the pore of 2-E N-terminal vestibule acting as a channel blocker. Consistently, mutations of Glu 8 and Asn 15, two residues lining the proposed binding pocket, abolished the inhibitory effects of proanthocyanidins. The natural product proanthocyanidins are widely used as cosmetic, suggesting a potential of proanthocyanidins as disinfectant for external use. This study further demonstrates that 2-E channel is an effective antiviral drug target and provides a potential antiviral candidate against SARS-CoV-2.