bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimers in a bottle
Authors: García-Valdecasas Eduardo , Meynet Shani , Pasternak Antoine , Tatitscheff Valdo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We revisit D3-branes at toric CY3 singularities with orientifolds and their description in terms of dimer models. We classify orientifold actions on the dimer through smooth involutions of the torus. In particular, we describe new orientifold projections related to maps on the dimer without fixed points, leading to Klein bottles. These new orientifolds lead to novel $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFT’s that resemble, in many aspects, non-orientifolded theories. For instance, we recover the presence of fractional branes and some of them trigger a cascading RG-flow à la Klebanov-Strassler. The remaining involutions lead to non-supersymmetric setups, thus exhausting the possible orientifolds on dimers.
Sun heated MeV-scale dark matter and the XENON1T electron recoil excess
Authors: Chen Yifan , Cui Ming-Yang , Shu Jing , Xue Xiao , Yuan Guan-Wen , Yuan Qiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The XENON1T collaboration reported an excess of the low-energy electron recoil events between 1 and 7 keV. We explore the possibility to explain such an anomaly by the MeV-scale dark matter (DM) heated by the interior of the Sun due to the same DM-electron interaction as in the detector. The kinetic energies of heated DM particles can reach a few keV, and can potentially account for the excess signals detected by XENON1T. We study different form factors of the DM-electron interactions, F(q) ∝ qi with q being the momentum exchange and i = 0, 1, 2, and find that for all these cases the inclusion of the Sun-heated DM component improves the fit to the XENON1T data. The inferred DM-electron scattering cross section (at q = αme where α is the fine structure constant and me is electron mass) is from ∼ 10−38 cm2 (for i = 0) to ∼ 10−42 cm2 (for i = 2). We also derive constraints on the DM-electron cross sections for these form factors, which are stronger than previous results with similar assumptions. We emphasize that the Sun-heated DM scenario relies on the minimum assumption on DM models, which serves as a general explanation of the XENON1T anomaly via DM-electron interaction. The spectrum of the Sun-heated DM is typically soft comparing to other boosted DM, so the small recoil events are expected to be abundant in this scenario. More sensitive direct detection experiments with lower thresholds can possibly distinguish this scenario with other boosted DM models or solar axion models.
CP violation in mixing and oscillations in a toy model for leptogenesis with quasi-degenerate neutrinos
Authors: Racker J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the sources of CP violation for baryogenesis models with quasi-degenerate neutrinos. Our approach is to use the renormalized propagator in a quantum field theory model of neutrino oscillations, paying close attention to unitarity requirements. From the probabilities of lepton number violating processes obtained in this way, we derive a source term for the time evolution of the lepton asymmetry. The source term has contributions that can be identified with CP violation from mixing, oscillations and interference between both. Given that this source term does not involve processes with unstable particles in the initial or final states, neither does it require to calculate number densities of neutrinos, no subtraction of real intermediate states must be performed. In equilibrium the source term is null, as demanded by unitarity and CPT invariance, due to a cancellation between the terms coming from CP violation in mixing and oscillations. The calculations are done in a simple scalar toy model, and the resummed propagator is diagonalized at first order in the decay widths over the mass difference. We also comment on the effect of the interference term, which is mild at the order we work, but seems to become more important with increasing degeneracy.
A Survey of the Elastic Flow of Curves and Networks
Authors: Mantegazza Carlo , Pluda Alessandra , Pozzetta Marco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe collect and present in a unified way several results in recent years about the elastic flow of curves and networks, trying to draw the state of the art of the subject. In particular, we give a complete proof of global existence and smooth convergence to critical points of the solution of the elastic flow of closed curves in$${\mathbb {R}}^2$$R2. In the last section of the paper we also discuss a list of open problems.
The Jang Equation and the Positive Mass Theorem in the Asymptotically Hyperbolic Setting
Authors: Sakovich Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe solve the Jang equation with respect to asymptotically hyperbolic “hyperboloidal” initial data. The results are applied to give a non-spinor proof of the positive mass theorem in the asymptotically hyperbolic setting. This work focuses on the case when the spatial dimension is equal to three.
EANM position paper on the role of radiobiology in nuclear medicine
Authors: Aerts An , Eberlein Uta , Holm Sören , Hustinx Roland , Konijnenberg Mark , Strigari Lidia , van Leeuwen Fijs W.B. , Glatting Gerhard , Lassmann Michael 
Published: April 2021

Executive SummaryWith an increasing variety of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic nuclear medicine as valuable diagnostic or treatment option, radiobiology plays an important role in supporting optimizations. This comprises particularly safety and efficacy of radionuclide therapies, specifically tailored to each patient. As absorbed dose rates and absorbed dose distributions in space and time are very different between external irradiation and systemic radionuclide exposure, distinct radiation-induced biological responses are expected in nuclear medicine, which need to be explored. This calls for a dedicated nuclear medicine radiobiology. Radiobiology findings and absorbed dose measurements will enable an improved estimation and prediction of efficacy and adverse effects. Moreover, a better understanding on the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying tumor and normal tissue responses will help to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as biomarkers for treatment follow-up. In addition, radiobiology can form the basis for the development of radiosensitizing strategies and radioprotectant agents. Thus, EANM believes that, beyond in vitro and preclinical evaluations, radiobiology will bring important added value to clinical studies and to clinical teams. Therefore, EANM strongly supports active collaboration between radiochemists, radiopharmacists, radiobiologists, medical physicists, and physicians to foster research toward precision nuclear medicine.
Unusual Left Periclavicular Cutaneous Lymphatic Fistula After Port Explantation Without Lymph Vessel Injury: Imaging and Interventional Treatment
Authors: Wagenpfeil Julia , Attenberger Ulrike , Pieper Claus Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComplex oncological treatment can be associated with lymphatic vascular injury that is burdened by considerable morbidity. Lymphatic imaging and interventional techniques offer new minimally invasive treatment options. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with an unusual lympho-veno-cutaneous fistula, diagnosed by magnetic resonance lymphangiography and treated by minimally invasive embolization therapy and venous recanalization.
Functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies
Authors: Schumacher Julia , Taylor John-Paul , Hamilton Calum A. , Firbank Michael , Donaghy Paul C. , Roberts Gemma , Allan Louise , Durcan Rory , Barnett Nicola , O’Brien John T. , Thomas Alan J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious resting-state fMRI studies in dementia with Lewy bodies have described changes in functional connectivity in networks related to cognition, motor function, and attention as well as alterations in connectivity dynamics. However, whether these changes occur early in the course of the disease and are already evident at the stage of mild cognitive impairment is not clear. We studied resting-state fMRI data from 31 patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies compared to 28 patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease and 24 age-matched controls. We compared the groups with respect to within- and between-network functional connectivity. Additionally, we applied two different approaches to study dynamic functional connectivity (sliding-window analysis and leading eigenvector dynamic analysis). We did not find any significant changes in the mild cognitive impairment groups compared to controls and no differences between the two mild cognitive impairment groups, using static as well as dynamic connectivity measures. While patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies already show clear functional abnormalities on EEG measures, the fMRI analyses presented here do not appear to be sensitive enough to detect such early and subtle changes in brain function in these patients.
The role of HCO3– in propionate-induced anion secretion across rat caecal epithelium
Authors: Ballout Jasmin , Diener Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPropionate, a metabolite from the microbial fermentation of carbohydrates, evokes a release of epithelial acetylcholine in rat caecum resulting in an increase of short-circuit current (Isc) in Ussing chamber experiments. The present experiments were performed in order to characterize the ionic mechanisms underlying this response which has been thought to be due to Cl−secretion. As there are regional differences within the caecal epithelium, the experiments were conducted at oral and aboral rat corpus caeci. In both caecal segments, the propionate-inducedIsc(IProp) was inhibited by > 85%, when the experiments were performed either in nominally Cl−- or nominally HCO3−-free buffer. In the case of Cl−, the dependency was restricted to the presence of Cl−in the serosal bath. Bumetanide, a blocker of the Na+-K+-2Cl−-cotransporter, only numerically reducedIPropsuggesting that a large part of this current must be carried by an ion other than Cl−. In the aboral caecum,IPropwas significantly inhibited by mucosally administered stilbene derivatives (SITS, DIDS, DNDS), which block anion exchangers. Serosal Na+-free buffer reduced IPropsignificantly in the oral (and numerically also in aboral) corpus caeci. RT-PCR experiments revealed the expression of several forms of Na+-dependent HCO3−-cotransporters in caecum, which might underlie the observed Na+dependency. These results suggest that propionate sensing in caecum is coupled to HCO3–secretion, which functionally would stabilize luminal pH when the microbial fermentation leads to an increase in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the caecal lumen.
The evolution of imprinting in plants: beyond the seed
Authors: Montgomery Sean A. , Berger Frédéric 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenomic imprinting results in the biased expression of alleles depending on if the allele was inherited from the mother or the father. Despite the prevalence of sexual reproduction across eukaryotes, imprinting is only found in placental mammals, flowering plants, and some insects, suggesting independent evolutionary origins. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the selective pressures that favour the innovation of imprinted gene expression and each differs in their experimental support and predictions. Due to the lack of investigation of imprinting in land plants, other than angiosperms with triploid endosperm, we do not know whether imprinting occurs in species lacking endosperm and with embryos developing on maternal plants. Here, we discuss the potential for uncovering additional examples of imprinting in land plants and how these observations may provide additional support for one or more existing imprinting hypotheses.
Postural differences in the immediate effects of active exercise with compression therapy on lower limb lymphedema
Authors: Abe Kiriko , Tsuji Tetsuya , Oka Asako , Shoji Junichi , Kamisako Michiyo , Hohri Hiroka , Ishikawa Aiko , Liu Meigen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Although regarded as an important treatment for lymphedema, the therapeutic effects of active exercise with compression therapy (AECT) are supported by little evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative benefits of AECT with different postures for patients with lower limb lymphedema (LLL).

Methods
Eighteen women with LLL secondary to surgical treatment of gynecological cancer, completed (1) AECT in a seated position (seated AECT), (2) AECT in a supine position (supine AECT), and (3) compression-only therapy in a supine position (CT) in this randomized, controlled, crossover trial. AECT was performed on a bicycle ergometer while wearing elastic compression bandages. Each intervention was performed for 15 min, and the three conditions were separated by a 1-week washout period. Lower-limb volumes were evaluated using a PerometerTM sensor (Pero-system, Wuppertal, Germany), and symptom severity was assessed before and after each intervention using a visual analog scale (pain, heaviness) and palpation (pitting, stiffness). The effects of the interventions were estimated using linear mixed-effect models.

Results
The magnitude of limb volume decreases differed significantly among the interventions, with a greater decrease after supine AECT than after CT. Pre-intervention pitting severity and skin stiffness were significantly correlated with the magnitude of volume decrease after all interventions and after AECT in the supine position, respectively.

Conclusions
Supine AECT using a bicycle ergometer has marked immediate effects to decrease the fluid volume of severe LLL.

Clinical trial registration
UMIN clinical trial registry (UMIN-CTR; ID000020129) by CONSORT 2010, TRN R000023253, December 9, 2015
A novel augmented deep transfer learning for classification of COVID-19 and other thoracic diseases from X-rays
Authors: Altaf Fouzia , Islam Syed M. S. , Janjua Naeem Khalid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeep learning has provided numerous breakthroughs in natural imaging tasks. However, its successful application to medical images is severely handicapped with the limited amount of annotated training data. Transfer learning is commonly adopted for the medical imaging tasks. However, a large covariant shift between the source domain of natural images and target domain of medical images results in poor transfer learning. Moreover, scarcity of annotated data for the medical imaging tasks causes further problems for effective transfer learning. To address these problems, we develop an augmented ensemble transfer learning technique that leads to significant performance gain over the conventional transfer learning. Our technique uses an ensemble of deep learning models, where the architecture of each network is modified with extra layers to account for dimensionality change between the images of source and target data domains. Moreover, the model is hierarchically tuned to the target domain with augmented training data. Along with the network ensemble, we also utilize an ensemble of dictionaries that are based on features extracted from the augmented models. The dictionary ensemble provides an additional performance boost to our method. We first establish the effectiveness of our technique with the challenging ChestXray-14 radiography data set. Our experimental results show more than 50% reduction in the error rate with our method as compared to the baseline transfer learning technique. We then apply our technique to a recent COVID-19 data set for binary and multi-class classification tasks. Our technique achieves 99.49% accuracy for the binary classification, and 99.24% for multi-class classification.
Trends in admissions to a child and adolescent neuropsychiatric inpatient unit in the 2007–2017 decade: how contemporary neuropsychiatry is changing in Northwestern Italy
Authors: Amianto Federico , Arletti Luca , Baietto Chiara , Davico Chiara , Migliaretti Giuseppe , Vitiello Benedetto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Rising levels of psychopathology in the adolescent population have been evidenced in the last few years throughout the Western world. We aim to examine how contemporary neuropsychiatry is changing in Northwestern Italy and how this impacts inpatient services.

Methods
The present research considered the 1177 admissions to a public neuropsychiatric inpatient service in the 2007–2017 decade. The annual percentual change (APC) was analysed for the total admissions, the number of the neurological vs psychiatric admissions, the length of inpatient stay, and the mean age at admission, also accounting for sex differences. The annual trend was also calculated for each diagnosis.

Results
The overall number of inpatient admissions decreased significantly (APC = − 5.91), in particular for children under 12 years of age (APC = − 7.23). The rate of neurologic diagnoses significantly decreased (APC = − 26.44), while the length of the inpatient stay (APC = 6.98) and the mean age at admission (APC = 6.69) increased. Among the psychiatric diagnoses, depression significantly rose (APC = 41.89), in particular among female adolescents (APC = 40.30).

Conclusions
These data document a substantial change in the utilization of inpatient neuropsychiatric services for children and adolescents, with a major increase in psychiatric hospitalizations and a parallel decrease in neurological ones. These trends call for greater attention to early preventive intervention in mental healthcare system.
Safety and efficacy of panitumumab in combination with trifluridine/tipiracil for pre-treated patients with unresectable, metastatic colorectal cancer with wild-type RAS: The phase 1/2 APOLLON study
Authors: Kato Takeshi , Kagawa Yoshinori , Kuboki Yasutoshi , Gamoh Makio , Komatsu Yoshito , Yasui Hirofumi , Satake Hironaga , Oki Eiji , Tanioka Hiroaki , Kotaka Masahito , Makiyama Akitaka , Denda Tadamichi , Goto Masahiro , Yoshino Takayuki , Yamazaki Kentaro , Soeda Junpei , Shibuya Kazunori , Iwata Masaru , Oba Koji , Yamaguchi Kensei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of combination treatment with panitumumab plus trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) in patients with wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who were refractory/intolerant to standard therapies other than anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy.

Methods
APOLLON was an open-label, multicentre, phase 1/2 trial. In the phase 1 part, 3 + 3 de-escalation design was used to investigate the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D); all patients in the phase 2 part received the RP2D. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. Secondary endpoints included PFS, overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), time to treatment failure (TTF), and safety.

Results
Fifty-six patients were enrolled (phase 1, n = 7; phase 2, n = 49) at 25 Japanese centres. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in patients receiving panitumumab (6 mg/kg every 2 weeks) plus FTD/TPI (35 mg/m2 twice daily; days 1–5 and 8–12 in a 28-day cycle), which became RP2D. PFS rate at 6 months was 33.3% (90% confidence interval [CI] 22.8–45.3). Median PFS, OS, ORR, DCR, and TTF were 5.8 months (95% CI 4.5–6.5), 14.1 months (95% CI 12.2–19.3), 37.0% (95% CI 24.3–51.3), 81.5% (95% CI 68.6–90.8), and 5.8 months (95% CI 4.29–6.21), respectively. Neutrophil count decreased (47.3%) was the most common Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse event. No treatment-related deaths occurred.

Conclusion
Panitumumab plus FTD/TPI exhibited favourable anti-tumour activity with a manageable safety profile and may be a therapeutic option for pre-treated mCRC patients.
Toddlers’ peer engagement in Swiss childcare: contribution of individual and contextual characteristics
Authors: Diebold Tatiana , Perren Sonja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present study observed 86 three-year-old children (M = 43.7, SD = 6.4) from 15 Swiss childcare groups, to investigate multiple individual and contextual contributions to toddlers’ positive engagement with peers. The children’s individual characteristics (age, sex and social skills) and childcare-related predictors (emotional and behavioural support from caregivers, and structural group features) were assessed. We employed the child-by-environment perspective and tested the hypothesis that high-quality behavioural and emotional support provided by caregivers benefits children with deficits in social abilities. Results of the multilevel structural equation modelling indicated that toddlers rated by caregivers as sociable and assertive showed more positive situation-specific peer engagement, especially with a concomitant higher quality of caregiver emotional and behavioural support. By contrast, being prosocial-cooperative was negatively associated with observed peer engagement. Thus, children’s social skills were found to be the most important factor for peer engagement in childcare settings. Important suggestions for future research are made, and practical implications are discussed.
In-Stent Restenosis Progression in Human Superficial Femoral Arteries: Dynamics of Lumen Remodeling and Impact of Local Hemodynamics
Authors: Colombo Monika , He Yong , Corti Anna , Gallo Diego , Ninno Federica , Casarin Stefano , Rozowsky Jared M , Migliavacca Francesco , Berceli Scott , Chiastra Claudio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn-stent restenosis (ISR) represents a major drawback of stented superficial femoral arteries (SFAs). Motivated by the high incidence and limited knowledge of ISR onset and development in human SFAs, this study aims to (i) analyze the lumen remodeling trajectory over 1-year follow-up period in human stented SFAs and (ii) investigate the impact of altered hemodynamics on ISR initiation and progression. Ten SFA lesions were reconstructed at four follow-ups from computed tomography to quantify the lumen area change occurring within 1-year post-intervention. Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed at each follow-up to relate wall shear stress (WSS) based descriptors with lumen remodeling. The largest lumen remodeling was found in the first post-operative month, with slight regional-specific differences (larger inward remodeling in the fringe segments, p < 0.05). Focal re-narrowing frequently occurred after 6 months. Slight differences in the lumen area change emerged between long and short stents, and between segments upstream and downstream from stent overlapping portions, at specific time intervals. Abnormal patterns of multidirectional WSS were associated with lumen remodeling within 1-year post-intervention. This longitudinal study gave important insights into the dynamics of ISR and the impact of hemodynamics on ISR progression in human SFAs.
Determination of near-fault impulsive signals with multivariate naïve Bayes method
Authors: Ertuncay Deniz , Costa Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNear-fault ground motions may contain impulse behavior on velocity records. To calculate the probability of occurrence of the impulsive signals, a large dataset is collected from various national data providers and strong motion databases. The dataset has a large number of parameters which carry information on the earthquake physics, ruptured faults, ground motion parameters, distance between the station and several parts of the ruptured fault. Relation between the parameters and impulsive signals is calculated. It is found that fault type, moment magnitude, distance and azimuth between a site of interest and the surface projection of the ruptured fault are correlated with the impulsiveness of the signals. Separate models are created for strike-slip faults and non-strike-slip faults by using multivariate naïve Bayes classifier method. Naïve Bayes classifier allows us to have the probability of observing impulsive signals. The models have comparable accuracy rates, and they are more consistent on different fault types with respect to previous studies.