bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel antioxidant ergothioneine PET radioligand for in vivo imaging applications
Authors: Behof William J. , Whitmore Clayton A. , Haynes Justin R. , Rosenberg Adam J. , Tantawy Mohammed N. , Peterson Todd E. , Harrison Fiona E. , Beelman Robert B. , Pham Wellington 
Published: September 2021

AbstractErgothioneine (ERGO) is a rare amino acid mostly found in fungi, including mushrooms, with recognized antioxidant activity to protect tissues from damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) components. Prior to this publication, the biodistribution of ERGO has been performed solely in vitro using extracted tissues. The aim of this study was to develop a feasible chemistry for the synthesis of an ERGO PET radioligand, [11C]ERGO, to facilitate in vivo study. The radioligand probe was synthesized with identical structure to ERGO by employing an orthogonal protection/deprotection approach. [11C]methylation of the precursor was performed via [11C]CH3OTf to provide [11C]ERGO radioligand. The [11C]ERGO was isolated by RP-HPLC with a molar activity of 690 TBq/mmol. To demonstrate the biodistribution of the radioligand, we administered approximately 37 MBq/0.1 mL in 5XFAD mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via the tail vein. The distribution of ERGO in the brain was monitored using 90-min dynamic PET scans. The delivery and specific retention of [11C]ERGO in an LPS-mediated neuroinflammation mouse model was also demonstrated. For the pharmacokinetic study, the concentration of the compound in the serum started to decrease 10 min after injection while starting to distribute in other peripheral tissues. In particular, a significant amount of the compound was found in the eyes and small intestine. The radioligand was also distributed in several regions of the brain of 5XFAD mice, and the signal remained strong 30 min post-injection. This is the first time the biodistribution of this antioxidant and rare amino acid has been demonstrated in a preclinical mouse model in a highly sensitive and non-invasive manner.
Effect of cryoprecipitate transfusion therapy in patients with postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kamidani Ryo , Miyake Takahito , Okada Hideshi , Yoshimura Genki , Kusuzawa Keigo , Miura Tomotaka , Shimaoka Ryuichi , Oiwa Hideaki , Yamaji Fuminori , Mizuno Yosuke , Yasuda Ryu , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Fukuta Tetsuya , Ishihara Takuma , Shiga Tomomi , Okamoto Haruka , Tachi Masahito , Shiba Masato , Kanda Norihide , Nachi Sho , Doi Tomoaki , Yoshida Takahiro , Yoshida Shozo , Morishige Kenichiro , Ogura Shinji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of cryoprecipitate (CRYO) transfusion in women referred for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). This retrospective cohort study included patients with primary PPH referred to Gifu University Hospital between April 2013 and March 2020. We analyzed the effect of CRYO transfusion on fluid balance 24 h after the initial examination using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for several confounding variables. To evaluate whether outcomes were modified by active bleeding, an interaction term of CRYO*active bleeding was incorporated into the multivariable model. We identified 157 women: 38 in the CRYO group (cases) and 119 in the control group. Fluid balance in the aforementioned period tended to decrease in the CRYO group compared with that in the control group (coefficient − 398.91; 95% CI − 1298.08 to + 500.26; p = 0.382). Active bleeding on contrast-enhanced computed tomography affected the relationship between CRYO transfusion and fluid balance (p = 0.016). Other outcomes, except for the overall transfusion requirement, were not significantly different; however, the interaction effect of active bleeding was significant (p = 0.016). CRYO transfusion may decrease the fluid balance in the first 24 h in PPH patients, especially in those without active bleeding.
Effects of fertilizer practice on fungal and actinobacterial cellulolytic community with different humified particle-size fractions in double-cropping field
Authors: Tang Haiming , Li Chao , Xu Yilan , Cheng Kaikai , Shi Lihong , Wen Li , Li Weiyan , Xiao Xiaoping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCellulose plays an important role in maintaining or improving soil carbon (C) cycling and soil fertility of paddy field. There had close relationship between functional cellulose genes (cbhIandGH48) with characterize of soil organic matter chemical components (fulvic acid and humic acid) and soil physical fractions. However, there is still limited information about how functional cellulose degradation response to long-term fertilizer management and their relative importance for C sequestration under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China. Therefore, the objective of this study were investigated the effects of 34-years long-term fertilizer regime on community abundance ofcbhIandGH48genes in five soil particle-size fractions (> 2000 μm, 2000–200 μm, 200–50 μm, 50–2 μm and 2–0.1 μm) by using polarization magic angle spinning13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The field experiment was included four different fertilizer treatments: chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without fertilizer input as a control (CK). The results showed that distribution of soil humus and cellulolytic microbial community abundance was significant increased under long-term application of crop residue and organic manure condition. And the FA, HA and HM C contents in > 2000 μm and 2000–50 μm fractions with MF, RF and OM treatments were significant higher than that of CK treatment. Meanwhile, the alkyl C and Oalkyl C groups of FA and HA in > 2000 μm fraction with MF, RF, OM and CK treatments were higher than that of the other fractions. There had higher AL% and lower ARO% of FA and HA in different particle-size fractions with MF, RF, OM and CK treatments. The results indicated that abundance ofcbhIandGH48genes in different particle-size fractions with RF and OM treatments were significant increased, compared with CK treatment. There had significant positive correlation between soil humus C components (FA and HA) with abundance ofcbhIandGH48genes, and the o-alkyl C and AL% of FA were positively correlated with abundance ofcbhIandGH48genes. As a result, the community abundance ofcbhIandGH48genes were significant increased under combined application of crop residue and organic manure with chemical fertilizer condition.
Trait anxiety predicts amygdalar responses during direct processing of threat-related pictures
Authors: Lin Huiyan , Miltner Wolfgang H. R. , Straube Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious studies on the associations between trait anxiety and amygdalar responses to threat stimuli have resulted in mixed findings, possibly due to sample characteristics, specific tasks, and analytical methods. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed to investigate linear or non-linear associations between trait anxiety and amygdalar responses in a sample of participants with low, medium, and high trait anxiety scores. During scanning, participants were presented with threat-related or neutral pictures and had either to solve an emotional task or an emotional-unrelated distraction task. Results showed that only during the explicit task trait anxiety was associated with right amygdalar responses to threat-related pictures as compared to neutral pictures. The best model was a cubic model with increased amygdala responses for very low and medium trait anxiety values but decreased amygdala activation for very high trait anxiety values. The findings imply a non-linear relation between trait anxiety and amygdala activation depending on task conditions.
Extent and characteristic of relationships in canal dimension and canal body ratio between cervical and lumbar spine
Authors: Lee Jung-Hee , Kang Kyung-Chung , Kim Ki-Tack , Kim Yong-Chan , Chang Tae-Soo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA known prevalence of concurrent cervical and lumbar spinal stenosis was shown to be 5–25%, but there is a lack of evidence regarding direct relationships in canal dimension and canal-body ratio between cervical and lumbar spine. Total 247 patients (mean age: 61 years, male: 135) with cervical and lumbar computed tomography scans were retrospectively reviewed. Midsagittal vertebral body and canal diameters in reconstructed images were measured at all cervical and lumbar vertebrae, and canal-body ratios were calculated. The canal diameter and ratio were also compared according to the gender and age, and correlation analysis was performed for each value. There were significant correlations between cervical (C3–C7) and lumbar (L1–L5) canal dimension (p < 0.001). C5 canal diameter was most significantly correlated with L4 canal diameter (r = 0.435, p < 0.001). Cervical canal-body ratios (C3–C7) were also correlated with those of lumbar spine (L1–L5) (p < 0.001). The canal-body ratio of C3 was most highly correlated with L3 (r = 0.477, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, mean canal-body ratios of C3 and L3 were significantly smaller in male patients than female (p = 0.038 and p < 0.001) and patient’s age was inversely correlated with C5 canal diameter (r = − 0.223, p < 0.001) and C3 canal-body ratio (r = − 0.224, p < 0.001). Spinal canal dimension and canal-body ratio have moderate degrees of correlations between cervical and lumbar spine and the elderly male patients show the tendency of small canal diameter and canal-body ratio. This relationship of cervical and lumbar spine can be an important evidence to explain to the patients.
Impact of tillage and crop establishment methods on rice yields in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system in Southwest China
Authors: Jiang Peng , Xu Fuxian , Zhang Lin , Liu Mao , Xiong Hong , Guo Xiaoyi , Zhu Yongchuan , Zhou Xingbing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSimplified cultivation methods for rice production offer considerable social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, limited information is available on yield components of rice grown using simplified cultivation methods in a rice-ratoon rice cropping system. A field experiment using two hybrid and two inbred rice cultivars was conducted to compare four cultivation methods (conventional tillage and transplanting, CTTP; conventional tillage and direct seeding, CTDS; no-tillage and transplanting, NTTP; no-tillage and direct seeding, NTDS) in a rice-ratoon rice system from 2017 to 2020. Main season yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 6.1% and 2.8%, respectively; whereas ratoon season yields for CTDS and NTDS were equal to or higher than for CTTP. Annual grain yields for CTDS and NTDS were higher than for CTTP by 4.4% and 3.2%, respectively. The higher CTDS and NTDS yields were associated with higher panicle numbers per m2 and biomass production. Rice hybrids had higher yields than inbred cultivars by 15.8–19.3% for main season and by 15.6–19.4% for ratoon season, which was attributed to long growth duration, high grain weight and biomass production. Our results suggest that CTTP can be replaced by CTDS and NTDS to maintain high grain yields and save labor costs. Developing cultivars with high grain weight could be a feasible approach to achieve high rice yields in the rice-ratoon rice cropping system in southwest China.
Limited benefit of additional contrast-enhanced CT to end-of-treatment PET/CT evaluation in patients with follicular lymphoma
Authors: Paone Gaetano , Raditchkova-Sarnelli Mariana , Ruberto-Macchi Teresa , Cuzzocrea Marco , Zucca Emanuele , Ceriani Luca , Giovanella Luca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite follicular lymphoma (FL) is frequently characterized by a moderate increase of glucose metabolism, PET/CT examinations provides valuable information for staging and response assessment of the disease. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of PET/ldCT and PET/ceCT, respectively, in evaluating FL patients at the end of treatment. Fifty FL consecutive patients who underwent end-of-therapy PET/CT with both ldCT and ceCT were analyzed. Two blinded observers independently assessed PET/ldCT and PET/ceCT applying the Deauville score (DS) and Lugano classification criteria. PET imaging obtained after the end-of-treatment (EoT) was classified as showing PET and ce-CT matched response (concordant imaging group, CIG) or PET and ce-CT unmatched response (discordant imaging group, DIG). Relapse rate and Event-Free Survival (EFS) were compared between CIG and DIG patients. Overall, no differences in metabolic response classification were observed between PET/ldCT and PET/ceCT. In 13 (26%) patients PET/ceCT identified additional FDG-negative nodal lesions in mesenteric, retroperitoneal and iliac regions. However, in all cases, final DS remained unchanged and the additional results did not modify the following therapeutic decision. Among patients, who obtained complete metabolic response a comparable rate of relapse was registered in DIG 3/13 (23%) and CIG subgroups 5/20 (25%) [p = 0.899]. In all 3 DIG cohort patients who relapsed the recurrent disease involved also, but not exclusively, PET negative lymph nodes detected by ceCT. In overall population metabolic response defined by PET/ldCT predicted EFS [76% (group of patients with metabolic response) vs 35% (group of patients with residual disease), p = 0.0013] significantly better than ceCT-Based response assessment [75% (group of patients with complete response) vs 53% (group of patients with residual disease), p = 0.06]. Our study demonstrates a negligible diagnostic and predictive value of ceCT performed in addition to standard 18FDG PET/ldCT for EoT response evaluation in FLs. PET/ldCT should be performed as first-line imaging procedure, also in patients with prevalent abdominal and pelvic involvement, limiting the acquisition of ceCT in selected cases. This tailored approach would contribute to avoid useless radiation exposure and preserve renal function of patients.
Engineering an efficient and bright split Corynactis californica green fluorescent protein
Authors: Nguyen Hau B. , Terwilliger Thomas C. , Waldo Geoffrey S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSplit green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been used in a panoply of cellular biology applications to study protein translocation, monitor protein solubility and aggregation, detect protein–protein interactions, enhance protein crystallization, and even map neuron contacts. Recent work shows the utility of split fluorescent proteins for large scale labeling of proteins in cells using CRISPR, but sets of efficient split fluorescent proteins that do not cross-react are needed for multiplexing experiments. We present a new monomeric split green fluorescent protein (ccGFP) engineered from a tetrameric GFP found in Corynactis californica, a bright red colonial anthozoan similar to sea anemones and scleractinian stony corals. Split ccGFP from C. californica complements up to threefold faster compared to the original Aequorea victoria split GFP and enable multiplexed labeling with existing A. victoria split YFP and CFP.
SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Belarus in 2020 revealed by genomic and incidence data analysis
Authors: Nemira Alina , Adeniyi Ayotomiwa Ezekiel , Gasich Elena L. , Bulda Kirill Y. , Valentovich Leonid N. , Krasko Anatoly G. , Glebova Olga , Kirpich Alexander , Skums Pavel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented worldwide to curb COVID-19 spread. Belarus is a rare case of a country with a relatively modern healthcare system, where highly limited NPIs have been enacted. Thus, investigation of Belarusian COVID-19 dynamics is essential for the local and global assessment of the impact of NPI strategies.

Methods
We integrate genomic epidemiology and surveillance methods to investigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Belarus in 2020. We utilize phylodynamics, phylogeography, and probabilistic bias inference to study the virus import and export routes, the dynamics of the effective reproduction number, and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results
Here we show that the estimated cumulative number of infections by June 2020 exceeds the confirmed case number by a factor of ~4 (95% confidence interval (2; 9)). Intra-country SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity originates from at least 18 introductions from different regions, with a high proportion of regional transmissions. Phylodynamic analysis indicates a moderate reduction of the effective reproductive number after the introduction of limited NPIs, but its magnitude is lower than for developed countries with large-scale NPIs. On the other hand, the effective reproduction number estimate is comparable with that for the neighboring Ukraine, where NPIs were broader.

Conclusions
The example of Belarus demonstrates how countries with relatively low outward population mobility continue to be integral parts of the global epidemiological environment. Comparison of the effective reproduction number dynamics for Belarus and other countries reveals the effect of different NPI strategies but also emphasizes the role of regional Eastern European sociodemographic factors in the virus spread.
Exploring the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction in regulating atherosclerotic disease network based on integrated pharmacological methods
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhang Tianqing , He Ling , Yuan Mengxia , Yuan Xiao , Wang Shanshan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction (DGBXD) in regulating Atherosclerosis (AS) network based on integrated pharmacological methods.
Methods: The active ingredients and targets of DGBXD are obtained from TCMSP database and ETCM. AS-related targets were collected from the Genecards and OMIM databases. The drug–disease protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by Cytoscape. Meanwhile, it was used to screen out densely interacting regions, namely clusters. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) annotations are performed on the targets and genes in the cluster to obtain biological processes, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations are performed on the targets of the PPI network to obtain signaling pathways.
Results: A total of 212 known targets, 265 potential targets and 229 AS genes were obtained. The ‘DGBXD known-AS PPI network’ and ‘DGBXD-AS PPI Network’ were constructed and analyzed. DGBXD can regulate inflammation, platelet activation, endothelial cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, vascular smooth muscle proliferation, angiogenesis, TNF, HIF-1, FoxO signaling pathway, etc. The experimental data showed that compared with the model group, the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and interleukin (IL)-1β protein and mRNA in the DGBXD group decreased (P&lt;0.05). However, plasma IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the DGBXD group were not significantly different from the model group (P&gt;0.05).
Conclusion: The mechanism of DGBXD in the treatment of AS may be related to the improvement of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the blood vessel wall and the anti-vascular local inflammatory response, which may provide a reference for the study of the mechanism of DGBXD.
Robust control of pantograph‐catenary system: Comparison of 1‐DOF‐based and 2‐DOF‐based control systems
Authors: Yu Pan , Liu Kang‐Zhi , Li Xiaoli , Yokoyama Makoto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCompared to control bandwidth, low‐frequency uncertainties or disturbances like step signals can be well rejected by many methods having two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF). Due to robustness constraint, technically more challenging is the rejection of medium frequencies, especially for bandwidth‐limited systems. Here, the equivalent‐input‐disturbance (EID) approach is extended to deal with the main medium‐frequency oscillation of a pantograph‐catenary system. First, a general EID estimator is developed with a low‐frequency estimator as a special case. Then, a fair comparison is conducted to clarify the essential differences between the conventional 1‐DOF‐based and the developed 2‐DOF‐based control systems. Furthermore, a robust stability condition is derived for the 2‐DOF‐based closed‐loop control system. A design algorithm together with design guidelines is provided, where the frequency characteristics of the uncertainties are utilized in the parameter design. Finally, simulations are carried out to validate the developed 2‐DOF‐based method for the pantograph‐catenary system in realistic environment.
A novel high torque density six‐phase axial‐flux permanent magnet synchronous motor with 60° phase‐belt toroidal winding configuration
Authors: Si Jikai , Feng Can , Nie Rui , Hu Yihua , Li Yingsheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (three‐phase PMSM) has gained much popularity in many applications due to its various advantages. In addition, due to the good fault tolerance, simple inverter circuit structure and high torque density, the six‐phase PMSM has better prospects than three‐phase PMSM in biomedical devices, electric vehicles and other fields with high reliability requirements. In this study, a six‐phase axial‐flux PMSM inherently without cogging torque is proposed to improve torque density, which equips the 60° phase‐belt toroidal winding (60°TW) and slotless stator core. Based on the same effective volume, permanent magnet material, power grade and the other major motor parameters, two six‐phase PMSMs with 30° phase‐belt toroidal winding (30°TW) and 60°TW are designed, respectively. The armature reaction field, air gap magnetic density, back‐electromotive force, output torque, loss characteristic and torque‐speed characteristic are compared by using three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐element models in detail. Finally, the experimental test is carried out using the prototype of three‐phase PMSM with 120° phase‐belt toroidal winding. The experimental results indirectly verify the feasibility of 60° phase‐belt toroidal winding and correctness of 3D FEM. The 3D FEM analysis results are presented to show that torque density of the proposed six‐phase PMSM with 60°TW is improved in comparison to the six‐phase PMSM with 30°TW. Index Terms—60° phase‐belt toroidal winding, axial flux, six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor, torque density
Optimal sizing of a high‐speed flywheel in an electric vehicle using the optimal control theory approach
Authors: Mehraban Abbas , Farjah Ebrahim , Ghanbari Teymoor , Garbuio Lauric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study proposes an approach for finding the optimal size of a high‐speed flywheel in an energy storage system based on battery‐flywheel cooperation, called battery‐flywheel energy storage system (BFESS), supplying an electric vehicle. Considering an energy‐based model for the flywheel and battery, including the losses, the optimal control theory is utilised as a two‐dimensional Pontryagin's minimum principle for solving the problem. The objective function of the flywheel sizing problem includes two terms, in which its maximum interaction with the system from the energy and filtering aspects are taken into consideration by a desirable weighting. While energy interaction is a common task, filtering the fast dynamics of the system such as the harsh conditions for the battery is the key role of the considered lightweight and high‐speed flywheel. A trade‐off between the energy contribution and filtering is made, targetted for the long‐term and short‐term dynamics in the drive cycles, respectively. The proposed methodology is presented in detail using some simple dynamics. Also, the sizing is carried out for the ECE‐15 urban drive cycle, the WLTC class‐3 and FTP‐75 drive cycles. The results confirm that by using the determined optimal size of the flywheel energy storage system (FESS), most of the dynamics could be handled from the filtering and energy interaction aspects.