bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bürkle Johannes Julian , Fendel Johannes Caspar , Schmidt Stefan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention is the recommended standard for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, a high proportion of patients refuse this treatment, do not respond or relapse shortly after treatment. Growing evidence suggests that mindfulness-based and acceptance-based programmes (MABPs) are an effective option for the treatment of OCD. This systematic review and meta-analysis will examine the effectiveness of MABPs in treating OCD. We also aimed to explore potential moderators of the programmes’ effectiveness.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PSYINDEX, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (no language restrictions) for studies that evaluate the effect of MABPs on patients with OCD. We will conduct backward and forward citation searches of included studies and relevant reviews and contact corresponding authors. The primary outcome will be pre-post intervention change in symptom severity. A secondary outcome will be change in depressive symptoms. Two reviewers will independently screen the records, extract the data and rate the methodological quality of the studies. We will include both controlled and uncontrolled trials. Randomised controlled trials will be meta-analysed, separately assessing between-group effects. A second meta-analysis will assess the within-group effect of all eligible studies. We will explore moderators and sources of heterogeneity such as the specific programme, study design, changes in depressive symptoms, hours of guided treatment, control condition and prior therapy (eg, CBT) using metaregression and subgroup analyses. We will perform sensitivity analyses using follow-up data. A narrative synthesis will also be pursued. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of the evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.
Is duodenal biopsy always necessary for the diagnosis of coeliac disease in adult patients with high anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibody titres?
Authors: Beig Junaid , Rostami Kamran , Hayman David T S , Hassan Summer , Gerred Stephen , Ogra Ravinder 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAvoiding duodenal biopsy in adults for coeliac disease (CD) diagnosis is controversial. Some retrospective and prospective studies have shown that CD can be reliably diagnosed in adults with serology rather than duodenal biopsies. This study aimed to check the accuracy of a cut-off value of ≥10 upper limit of normal of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-TTG IgA) titres for CD diagnosis in adult patients.MethodWe retrospectively analysed adult patients (≥16 years) who underwent gastroscopy from 2013 to 2018 for positive coeliac serology. The relationship between titres and disease was determined by using linear models, whereas sensitivity and specificity were assessed by receiver operator curve.ResultsWe analysed 144 newly anti-TTG antibody-positive adult patients with a median age of 48.5 years (IQR 32–62); among them, 86 (60%) patients had CD (Marsh III: n=68 and Marsh II and I: n=18) with a higher prevalence in females (n=59 (69%)) and Europeans (n=60 (70%)). Fifty (58%) patients with CD had colonoscopy and five (6%) had imaging; only six patients were diagnosed with additional conditions. An anti-TTG IgA titre cut-off value of 150 U/L was 100% specific for CD in our dataset, with 70% (95% CI: 60% to 88%) sensitivity for this patient group.ConclusionCoeliac serology using anti-TTG IgA with titres ≥10× normal value is an excellent predictor of CD, irrespective of age, gender and ethnicity. Duodenal biopsy may not be necessary in selected adult patients with CD, especially younger than 50 years of age without additional gastrointestinal red-flag signs and symptoms.
Prevalence and spectrum of DNA mismatch repair gene variation in the general Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Li , Qin Zixin , Huang Teng , Tam Benjamin , Ruan Yongsen , Guo Maoni , Wu Xiaobing , Li Jiaheng , Zhao Bojin , Chian Jia Sheng , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Lei , Wang San Ming 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIdentifying genetic disease-susceptible individuals through population screening is considered as a promising approach for disease prevention. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 play essential roles in maintaining microsatellite stability through DNA mismatch repair, and pathogenic variation in MMR genes causes microsatellite instability and is the genetic predisposition for cancer as represented by the Lynch syndrome. While the prevalence and spectrum of MMR variation has been extensively studied in cancer, it remains largely elusive in the general population. Lack of the knowledge prevents effective prevention for MMR variation–caused cancer. In the current study, we addressed the issue by using the Chinese population as a model.MethodsWe performed extensive data mining to collect MMR variant data from 18 844 ethnic Chinese individuals and comprehensive analyses for the collected MMR variants to determine its prevalence, spectrum and features of the MMR data in the Chinese population.ResultsWe identified 17 687 distinct MMR variants. We observed substantial differences of MMR variation between the general Chinese population and Chinese patients with cancer, identified highly Chinese-specific MMR variation through comparing MMR data between Chinese and non-Chinese populations, predicted the enrichment of deleterious variants in the unclassified Chinese-specific MMR variants, determined MMR pathogenic prevalence of 0.18% in the general Chinese population and determined that MMR variation in the general Chinese population is evolutionarily neutral.ConclusionOur study provides a comprehensive view of MMR variation in the general Chinese population, a resource for biological study of human MMR variation, and a reference for MMR-related cancer applications.
Lung microbiota predict invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and its outcome in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Hérivaux Anaïs , Willis Jesse R , Mercier Toine , Lagrou Katrien , Gonçalves Samuel M , Gonçales Relber A , Maertens Johan , Carvalho Agostinho , Gabaldón Toni , Cunha Cristina 
Published: June 2021

RationaleRecent studies have revealed that the lung microbiota of critically ill patients is altered and predicts clinical outcomes. The incidence of invasive fungal infections, namely, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), in immunocompromised patients is increasing, but the clinical significance of variations in lung bacterial communities is unknown.ObjectivesTo define the contribution of the lung microbiota to the development and course of IPA.Methods and measurementsWe performed an observational cohort study to characterise the lung microbiota in 104 immunocompromised patients using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage samples sampled on clinical suspicion of infection. Associations between lung dysbiosis in IPA and pulmonary immunity were evaluated by quantifying alveolar cytokines and chemokines and immune cells. The contribution of microbial signatures to patient outcome was assessed by estimating overall survival.Main resultsPatients diagnosed with IPA displayed a decreased alpha diversity, driven by a markedly increased abundance of the Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Paraclostridium and Finegoldia genera and a decreased proportion of the Prevotella and Veillonella genera. The overall composition of the lung microbiome was influenced by the neutrophil counts and associated with differential levels of alveolar cytokines. Importantly, the degree of bacterial diversity at the onset of IPA predicted the survival of infected patients.ConclusionsOur results reveal the lung microbiota as an understudied source of clinical variation in patients at risk of IPA and highlight its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in the context of respiratory fungal diseases.
HECATE
Authors: Chrząszcz Marcin , Drewes Marco , Hajer Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe next generation of circular high energy collider is expected to be a lepton collider, FCC-ee at CERN or CEPC in China. However, the civil engineering concepts foresee to equip these colliders with bigger detector caverns than one would need for a lepton collider, so that they can be used for a hadron collider that may be installed in the same tunnel without further civil engineering. This opens up the possibility to install extra instrumentation at the cavern walls to search for new long-lived particles at the lepton collider. We use the example of heavy neutral leptons to show that such an installation could improve the sensitivity to the squared mixing parameter by almost half an order of magnitude.
Study of energy response and resolution of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter to hadrons of energies from 16 to 30 GeV
Authors: Abdallah Jalal , Angelidakis Stylianos , Arabidze Giorgi , Atanov Nikolay , Bernhard Johannes , Bonnefoy Roméo , Bossio Jonathan , Bouabid Ryan , Carrio Fernando , Davidek Tomas , Dubovsky Michal , Fiorini Luca , Aparisi Francisco Brandan Garcia , Carli Tancredi , Gerbershagen Alexander , Goksu Hazal , Hadavand Haleh , Harkusha Siarhei , Hlaluku Dingane , Hibbard Michael James , Hildebrand Kevin , Hrynevich Aliaksei , Jejelava Juansher , Kamenshchikov Andrey , Kazakos Stergios , Kello Tomas , Korolkov Ilya , Kulchitsky Yuri , Lazar Hadar , Lekalakala Nthabiseng , Little Jared , Madar Romain , Manen Samuel , Martins Filipe , Masuku Thabo , Minashvili Irakli , Mkrtchyan Tigran , Mlynarikova Michaela , Moayedi Seyedali , Nemecek Stanislav , Nodulman Lawrence , Oganezov Robert , Olsson Mats Joakim Robert , Oreglia Mark , Pani Priscilla , Paramonov Alexander , Pottgen Ruth , Reid Tres , Bosca Sergi Rodriguez , Perez Andrea Rodriguez , Rosten Rachel Christine , Saha Puja , Santoni Claudio , Sargsyan Laura , Schaefer Douglas Michael , Shalanda Nikolay , Smith Andrew Caldon , Solodkov Alexander , Solovyanov Oleg , Starovoitov Pavel , Starchenko Evgeny , Tas Petr , Tereshchenko Viacheslav , Tlou Sijiye Humphry , Ughetto Michael , Uhliarova Lea , Usai Giulio , Santurio Eduardo Valdes , Biot Alberto Valero , Volpi Guido , Zakareishvili Tamar , Zuccarello Pedro Diego 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree spare modules of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter were exposed to test beams from the Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator at CERN in 2017. The detector’s measurements of the energy response and resolution to positive pions and kaons, and protons with energies ranging from 16 to 30 GeV are reported. The results have uncertainties of a few percent. They were compared to the predictions of the Geant4-based simulation program used in ATLAS to estimate the response of the detector to proton-proton events at the Large Hadron Collider. The determinations obtained using experimental and simulated data agree within the uncertainties.
An Alternative Technique for Transumbilical Single-Port Laparoscopic Percutaneous Precise Closure of the Inguinal Hernia Sac in Children: A 3-Year Single-Centre Study
Authors: Xu Xiaoliang , Ding Guojian , Cao Xuefeng , Fu Tingliang , Cheng Fengchun , Sun Shuai , Geng Lei 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To evaluate the safety and reliability of a novel technique of single-port laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous precise closure of the inguinal hernia sac in children. Methods. From September 2016 through September 2019, children with inguinal hernia(s) treated with single-port laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous extraperitoneal closure using a guide wire were enrolled in this study. Operative time, surgical complications, recurrence rate, and cosmetic results were collected. Results. A total of 917 cases with inguinal hernia(s) were collected. Among them, there were 886 (96.61%) boys and 31 girls. Their mean age was

5.2
±
3.7

years. There were 693 (75.57%) cases with unilateral hernia. There were 224 cases with bilateral hernias or patent processus vaginalis, including 135 (14.72%) cases with an open contralateral ring which was confirmed intraoperatively. Twenty-three (2.51%) needed another port to complete the hernia sac separation. The operation time was

24.7
±
5.2

min and

14.6
±
3.8

min in bilateral and unilateral ones. Three cases complained of numbness in the thigh region or groin pain which subsided without medication in the 2nd postoperative month. There was no recurrence, and the incision scars were nearly invisible. Conclusion. Single-port laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous extraperitoneal closure using a guide wire is a safe, less cost, and reliable technique in the treatment of inguinal hernia in children.
Safety and Efficacy of Leadless Pacemakers: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ngo Linh , Nour Daniel , Denman Russell A. , Walters Tomos E. , Haqqani Haris M. , Woodman Richard J. , Ranasinghe Isuru 
Published: June 2021

Background
Leadless pacemaker is a novel technology, and evidence supporting its use is uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the safety and efficacy of leadless pacemakers implanted in the right ventricle.

Methods and Results
We searched PubMed and Embase for studies published before June 6, 2020. The primary safety outcome was major complications, whereas the primary efficacy end point was acceptable pacing capture threshold (≤2 V). Pooled estimates were calculated using the Freedman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation. Of 1281 records screened, we identified 36 observational studies of Nanostim and Micra leadless pacemakers, with most (69.4%) reporting outcomes for the Micra. For Micra, the pooled incidence of complications at 90 days (n=1608) was 0.46% (95% CI, 0.08%–1.05%) and at 1 year (n=3194) was 1.77% (95% CI, 0.76%–3.07%). In 5 studies with up to 1‐year follow‐up, Micra was associated with 51% lower odds of complications compared with transvenous pacemakers (3.30% versus 7.43%; odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.34–0.70). At 1 year, 98.96% (95% CI, 97.26%–99.94%) of 1376 patients implanted with Micra had good pacing capture thresholds. For Nanostim, the reported complication incidence ranged from 6.06% to 23.54% at 90 days and 5.33% to 6.67% at 1 year, with 90% to 100% having good pacing capture thresholds at 1 year (pooled result not estimated because of the low number of studies).

Conclusions
Most studies report outcomes for the Micra, which is associated with a low risk of complications and good electrical performance up to 1‐year after implantation. Further data from randomized controlled trials are needed to support the widespread adoption of these devices in clinical practice.
The Innovative State
Authors: Noveck Beth Simone 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To create government that is neither bigger nor smaller but better at solving problems more effectively and legitimately, agencies need to use big data and the associated technologies of machine learning and predictive analytics. Such data-analytical approaches will help agencies understand the problems they are addressing more empirically and devise more responsive policies and services. Such data-processing tools can also be used to make citizen engagement more efficient, helping agencies to make sense of large quantities of information and invite meaningful participation from more diverse audiences who have never participated in our democracy. To take advantage of the power of new technologies for governing, however, the federal government needs, first and foremost, to invest in training public servants to work differently and prepare them for the future of work in a new technological age.
Constraining Bureaucracy Beyond Judicial Review
Authors: Walker Christopher J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The modern regulatory state–and the field of administrative law that studies it–is in need of “deconstruction.” That does not mean that it should be dismantled entirely. This essay does not embrace the reformers' fixation on courts as the bulwark against agency overreach. Rather, this essay develops the concept of bureaucracy beyond judicial review: not only agency actions that statute or judicial doctrine precludes from judicial review, but also agency actions that are technically subject to judicial review yet effectively insulated from it. Appreciating the phenomenon of bureaucracy beyond judicial review should encourage us to rethink theories and doctrines in administrative law. If judicial review provides no safeguard against potential abuses of power in most regulatory activities, we must turn to other mechanisms. All three branches of the federal government must play their roles, as should civil society and the agencies themselves.
The Impact of Integrated UN Missions on Humanitarian NGO Security
Authors: Kisangani Emizet F. , Mitchell David F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since the end of the Cold War, the UN has extended many of its missions in conflict zones to include political, military, and humanitarian activities. Many humanitarian nongovernmental organizations have been critical of these “integrated” UN missions, claiming that they can blur the distinction between political, military, and humanitarian action, thus placing humanitarian aid workers at risk of retaliation from warring factions opposed to the UN’s political objectives. This proposition is empirically tested using generalized methods of moments statistical analysis of sixty-seven countries that experienced intrastate conflict between 1997 and 2018. When assessing attacks in general—to include the sum of aid workers killed, wounded, and kidnapped—the results indicate that humanitarian aid workers are more likely to come under attack in countries that have an integrated UN mission. However, when the attacks are assessed separately, results show that this relationship holds only with aid workers who are killed in the field.
Jesuit Diplomacy towards Japan. The Tenshō Embassy, the Dialogue with Hideyoshi, and the Emergence of a “Global Model” (1582–90)
Authors: Tripepi Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Jesuit activities in Japan were always considered from a missionary perspective and the results were examined only in terms of conversions. This article aims to bring attention to a different branch of Jesuit activities in the archipelago, with a focus on their diplomatic abilities and their mediation efforts with the Kyushu daimyōs and, above all, with Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In the middle of the 1580s, the Jesuits tried to establish a dialogue with local political authorities so as to obtain ample space for maneuver. At the same time, they extended the area of their diplomatic efforts by sending an embassy to the Pope with the hope to enhance their income. These two paths represent the Jesuits’ ability to interact with political authorities in both Europe and Asia, and could be considered a part of a more complex and connected strategy to permit their diffusion all over the world.
City Diplomacy: Another Generational Shift?
Authors: Acuto Michele , Kosovac Anna , Hartley Kris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
City diplomacy has a long history and has witnessed a clear sprawl over the last century. Successive “generations” of city diplomacy approaches have emerged over this period, with a heyday of networked urban governance in the last two decades. The covid-19 pandemic crisis presents a key opportunity to contemplate the direction of city diplomacy amid global systemic disruptions, raising questions about the effectiveness of differing diplomatic styles across cities but also the prospect of a new generational shift. This essay traces the history of generations in city diplomacy, examines prospects for novel ways of understanding city diplomacy, and contemplates how the pandemic’s impact heralds not the demise of internationalization in urban governance but an era in which city diplomacy is even more crucial amid fundamental limitations.
A Different View on City Diplomacy: Mid-sized Baltic Towns and Their International Contacts
Authors: Clerc Louis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent developments in the study of city diplomacies have kept small and mid-sized towns mostly outside of focus. This robs the field of an opportunity to consider the international activities of most cities and networks of cities, and deprives us from a reflection on the reasons why most cities would feel a need to develop their international outreach, and on the ways they would do it. Studying the city diplomacy of small cities reminds us of the depth of practices and of the variety of realities blanketed under the notion of city diplomacy – variety both in geographical but also in chronological terms. From the point of view of these small and mid-sized towns, city diplomacy appears subtly different than from the vintage point of great cities. This essay will reflect on this through the example of Turku, a mid-sized town in the Baltic Sea region. It aims to show that, in a field concentrated on big cities, studying mid-sized cities bring the same returns as studying small states: a wider understanding of the way foreign relations work on a daily basis.
British Cities versus Apartheid: UK Local Authority Activism as City Diplomacy
Authors: Cull Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This essay considers the phenomenon of British local authorities mobilizing to oppose the policies of apartheid in post-war South Africa. Activities include boycott, divestment, twinning agreements, media campaigns, and re-naming/memorialization. The activity is placed in the context of a transnational anti-apartheid network overseen by the United Nations organization. The campaign is shown to be inversely related the level of national government activity and especially associated with opposition to Margaret Thatcher and her government.
Bright Future for City Diplomacy and Soft Power
Authors: Sevin Efe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cities are once again in the forefront of diplomatic activities. In this essay, I unpack a relatively understudied area within city diplomacy: the link between cities and countries. Although cities enjoy a heightened level of agency in the international arena, they do not exist in a vacuum. As substate actors, the actions of cities could impact their home countries. Using lessons learned from public diplomacy studies and situating soft power as a framework to describe such activities, I first present the changes in the diplomatic landscape that paved the way to resurgence of city diplomacy. Next, I propose a more inclusive definition of the activities of cities in the international arena. Last, I show the link between cities and countries.