bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exigências térmicas e filocrono de Dipteryx alata sob níveis de sombreamento na transição Cerrado-Amazônia
Authors: Borella Daniela Roberta , De Souza Adilson Pacheco , Da Silva Andréa Carvalho , Felipe Rafaella Teles Arantes , Silva Kalisto Natam Carneiro , De Souza Júlio Henrique Germano 
Published: April 2021

Objetivou-se avaliar se níveis de sombreamento afetam as exigências térmicas e o filocrono de mudas de Dipteryx alata, na estação seca da região de transição Cerrado-Amazônia. Foram empregadas telas poliefinas pretas (35; 50; 65 e 80% de sombreamento) e telas coloridas (termorefletora, vermelha, azul e verde, ambas com 50% de sombreamento) e pleno sol (referência). As temperaturas basais foram obtidas por regressões polinomiais entre temperatura do ar no interior dos telados de sombreamento e área foliar total por muda. O filocrono foi obtido por ajustes polinomiais entre o número médio de folhas e de folíolos com a soma térmica acumulada. A temperatura basal máxima e mínima de Dipteryx alata foi de 39,81 e 10,10°C. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas no número de folhas e folíolos, contudo, o incremento do nível de sombreamento aumentou a necessidade de energia térmica para o surgimento de folhas e folíolos (238,96°C.dia-1.folha-1 e 28,40°C.dia-1.folíolo-1) em relação ao pleno sol (166,44°C.dia-1.folha-1 e 17,10°C.dia-1.folíolo-1). Na tela de sombreamento vermelha (50%) ocorreram menores valores de filocrono para a emissão de uma nova folha (147,90°C.dia-1.folha-1) e de folíolo (20,39°C.dia-1.folíolo-1). O surgimento e a expansão foliar de mudas de Dipteryx alata depende da dinâmica microclimática quanti-qualitativa da radiação solar incidente, contudo, a espécie apresenta forte adaptabilidade fenotípica a diferentes condições ambientais. Para aumentar a área foliar e consequentemente a atividade fotossintética da planta, recomenda-se a produção das mudas de Dipteryx alata sob sombreamento, exceto sob a tela azul.
Performance of sweet passion fruit seeds submitted to pre-germination treatments
Authors: Fávaris Nathália Aparecida Bragança , Lopes José Carlos , Freitas Allan Rocha de , Cabanez Patrícia Alvarez , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira 
Published: April 2021

Brazil is the world's largest consumer and producer of passion fruit (Passiflora spp.). Its fruit is widely accepted by consumers mainly in terms of natura consumption, juices, and medicines. However, these plants are spread mainly via seminiferous propagation, in which low and uneven seed germination is verified. The objective of this work was to study seed performance and initial growth of Passiflora alata Curtis seedlings as a function of pre-germination treatments. Seeds of P. alata extracted from mature fruits harvested were used and manually extracted from the fruits, and the aryl was removed by rubbing in a stainless steel mesh sieve with quicklime, followed by drying in the shade on filter paper for 24 hours. The seeds were submitted to physical scarification and immersed in distilled water for 0; 24; 48; 72; 96; and 120 hours of stirring. The seed scarification method by cracking interferes negatively in the germination and initial growth of P. alata seedlings. Intact seeds had a higher percentage of germination as the stirring time of the seeds imbibed in water increased. The cracked seed treatment provided the highest averages when electrical conductivity was evaluated in the stirring time of 120 hours. Intact seeds immersed in distilled water with stirring for 120 hours provide greater germination and initial growth of P. alata Curtis seedlings.
Crescimento, qualidade de raízes e atividade da redutase do nitrato em plantas de rabanete submetidas a doses de potássio e fontes de nitrogênio
Authors: Soares Poliana Prates de Souza , Mesquita Naasoom Luiz Santos , Almeida Jean Ribeiro , Coutrim Ranyelly Leão , Cairo Paulo Araquém Ramos , Silva Leandro Dias 
Published: April 2021

Nitrogênio e potássio são os nutrientes mais extraídos e exportados pela cultura do rabanete, sendo imprescindíveis para a produtividade e qualidade das raízes produzidas. Desta forma, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar alterações no crescimento de plantas e qualidade de raízes de rabanete em função de doses de potássio e fontes de nitrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro doses de potássio (K), 0, 70, 140 e 210 kg ha-1 de K2O e duas fontes de nitrogênio (N), sulfato de amônio e nitrato de cálcio, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento, rendimento, qualidade bioquímica das raízes e atividade da redutase do nitrato nas folhas. Os tratamentos não influenciaram as características de crescimento e rendimento: massa fresca de folhas, massa seca de folhas, área foliar total, comprimento e diâmetro de raiz. A adubação potássica aumentou o conteúdo de vitamina C nas raízes de rabanete e a atividade da redutase do nitrato nas folhas, principalmente quando a fonte de N utilizada foi o nitrato de cálcio. O maior valor de índice SPAD foi obtido na dose de 51 kg ha-1 de K2O. A utilização do sulfato de amônio propiciou maior teor de sólidos solúveis nas raízes.
Diferentes substratos na formação de mudas de biribazeiro (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.] Bail) em Humaitá, AM
Authors: Lima Alan Ferreira Leite de , Campos Milton Cesar Costa , Brito Filho Elilson Gomes , Simoes Emily Lira , Cunha Jose Mauricio , Da Silva Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro , De Oliveira Flavio Pereira , Santos Luis Antonio Coutrim do 
Published: April 2021

O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos de diferentes substratos na formação de mudas de biribazeiro. O biribazeiro é uma planta de origem amazônica, pertencente à família das anonáceas, cultivada principalmente em pomares domésticos, devido ao seu sabor adocicado. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Humaitá - AM, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizado, contendo quatro blocos, com sete tratamentos, quanto a diferentes formulações de substratos, utilizando solo, húmus, compostagem e areia. Foram realizadas medições das variáveis: diâmetro do caule; número de folhas; altura; massa seca e fresca da raiz e da parte aérea; e comprimento de raiz, relação entre a altura da parte aérea e o diâmetro do caule e índice de qualidade Dickson. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o tratamento 4 utilizando 50% de solo e 50 % de húmus. O tratamento 7 utilizando 25% de solo 50% de compostagem e 25% de areia apresentou deficiência de K, causando clorose e necrose nas plantas, não propiciando crescimento satisfatório. O húmus apresentou maiores teores de macro e micronutrientes em relação a compostagem.
Physiological potential and fungi control of Moringa oleifera Lamark seeds treated with essential oils
Authors: Medeiros Maria Luiza de Souza , De Jesus Hanna Ibiapina , De Farias Otília Ricardo , Cruz José Manoel Ferreira de Lima , Do Nascimento Luciana Cordeiro 
Published: April 2021

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a fast-growing, drought-resistant, rustic plant with high nutritive value. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of essential oils from citronella grass (Cymbopogon winterianus), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on the reduction of the incidence of fungi associated with moringa seeds as well as the influence of these oils on the physiological quality of the seeds. Two experiments were conducted, both with an entirely randomized design. The seeds were treated with the citronella, lemongrass and thyme essential oils at concentrations of 250 and 500 µL (100 seeds per treatment). The fungicide Captan was used as the control treatment. The incidence of fungi on the treated seeds was evaluated in the first experiment. The germination percentage, shoot length, primary root length, shoot dry mass and root dry mass of the seedlings were evaluated in the second experiment. The most incident fungus was also isolated for the transmission test. The following fungi were identified on the moringa seeds: Fusarium spp., Nigrospora sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Alternaria sp., Phomopsis sp., Curvularia sp., Colletotrichum sp., Pestalotipsis sp., Lasiodiplodia sp. and Chaetomium sp. The essential oils significantly reduced the incidence of the fungi. However, changes in the physiological quality of the seeds were associated with the use of the oils. No transmission of Fusarium spp. from the seeds to the seedlings occurred, but this fungus caused the rotting of seeds in the germination phase.
Efeitos antrópicos e mudanças sazonais podem influenciar a biologia populacional da tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.)?
Authors: Lima Juliano Silva , Ferreira Júlia de Melo , Soares Isabelle Pereira , Ladeira Silvania Alves 
Published: April 2021

Tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) é uma espécie exótica, amplamente introduzida no Brasil e de importância comercial no mundo. No entanto, estudos sobre sua dinâmica populacional ainda são restritos a poucos reservatórios naturais ou viveiro para piscicultura. Esse estudo estimou parâmetros biológicos da espécie O. niloticus que habitam o açude de Jaramataia, o maior do estado de Alagoas, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas entre agosto de 2017 e março de 2018 em cinco pontos diferenciados pelos níveis de impactos antrópicos. Os indivíduos foram capturados com auxílio de tarrafa, com um esforço de 40 lances para cada ponto de amostragem. Foram capturados 272 indivíduos de O. niloticus, sendo 191 machos e 81 fêmeas. O comprimento padrão variou entre 3,5 e 16,8 cm. O peso total mínimo foi 0,6 g e máximo 76,2 g. O ajuste da relação peso-comprimento resultou na equação: W = 0,0407*L 2,9052. O fator de condição relativo (Kn) variou de 0,42 a 2,35 e apresentou valores mais elevados na estação chuvosa. A análise de regressão revelou que o índice de qualidade da água (IQA) é positivamente relacionado à abundância, e negativamente ao comprimento total e peso úmido de O. niloticus (pO. niloticus e contribuem para gestão pesqueira em reservatório do Semiárido brasileiro.
State-Dependent Regulation of Cortical Processing Speed via Gain Modulation
Authors: Wyrick David , Mazzucato Luca 
Published: April 2021

To thrive in dynamic environments, animals must be capable of rapidly and flexibly adapting behavioral responses to a changing context and internal state. Examples of behavioral flexibility include faster stimulus responses when attentive and slower responses when distracted. Contextual or state-dependent modulations may occur early in the cortical hierarchy and may be implemented via top-down projections from corticocortical or neuromodulatory pathways. However, the computational mechanisms mediating the effects of such projections are not known. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework to classify the effects of cell type-specific top-down perturbations on the information processing speed of cortical circuits. Our theory demonstrates that perturbation effects on stimulus processing can be predicted by intrinsic gain modulation, which controls the timescale of the circuit dynamics. Our theory leads to counterintuitive effects, such as improved performance with increased input variance. We tested the model predictions using large-scale electrophysiological recordings from the visual hierarchy in freely running mice, where we found that a decrease in single-cell intrinsic gain during locomotion led to an acceleration of visual processing. Our results establish a novel theory of cell type-specific perturbations, applicable to top-down modulation as well as optogenetic and pharmacological manipulations. Our theory links connectivity, dynamics, and information processing via gain modulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo thrive in dynamic environments, animals adapt their behavior to changing circumstances and different internal states. Examples of behavioral flexibility include faster responses to sensory stimuli when attentive and slower responses when distracted. Previous work suggested that contextual modulations may be implemented via top-down inputs to sensory cortex coming from higher brain areas or neuromodulatory pathways. Here, we introduce a theory explaining how the speed at which sensory cortex processes incoming information is adjusted by changes in these top-down projections, which control the timescale of neural activity. We tested our model predictions in freely running mice, revealing that locomotion accelerates visual processing. Our theory is applicable to internal modulation as well as optogenetic and pharmacological manipulations and links circuit connectivity, dynamics, and information processing.
Writing Edessa into the Roman Empire*
Authors: Kee John 
Published: April 2021

The Syriac tradition presents an exceptional opportunity to investigate how the people of a late Roman frontier articulated local community affiliation against the backdrop of the larger Mediterranean and Near Eastern worlds. Over the last decade, Syrian/Syriac identity and Roman identity in late antique Syria-Mesopotamia have emerged as topics of increasing interest. In concentrating on ethnicity, however, studies of specifically local affiliations have generally left unexamined the other modes of group identification which may have been equally or more salient. This essay fills that gap by excavating non-ethnic means of constructing local and regional identity in three Syriac texts written in and about Edessa in the pivotal century around 500 CE: the Chronicle of Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, the Chronicle of Edessa (540), and Euphemia and the Goth.
Across their differences in date and genre, these three texts demonstrate a convergent set of strategies for reconciling Edessa and its neighbors to the Roman Empire at large. Crucially, all three project notions of local belonging which focus not on ethnic markers but on particular places: in the first instance, on the city. Drawing from cultural geography’s interdependent concept of “place,” the essay shows how in these texts local identity emerges from the interaction of city, church, and empire; Edessa’s connections to the wider Roman world serve not to negate but to articulate its specificity as a community. Moreover, such place-based means of identification could be extended to frame larger regional communities too, as Ps.-Joshua does in its most distinctive moments.
A Trump elnökség tanulságai
Authors: Matus János 
Published: April 2021

2020 több szempontból is különleges elnökválasztási év volt az Egyesült Államokban. Mindenekelõtt különlegessé tette a példa nélküli koronavírus járvány és annak súlyos emberi és anyagi következményei, amelyek az átlagosnál súlyosabban érintették az ország lakosságát. Különlegessé tette továbbá a 2020-as választást a felfokozott társadalmi és politikai megosztottság, amely az erőszak alkalmazását is előidézte. A jelenlegi helyzethez vezetõ folyamatok már korábban, még az Obama-adminisztráció elõtt elkezdődtek. Obama nyolc éve alatt a Demokrata Párt dominanciáját felváltotta a Republikánus Párt többsége a Kongresszus mindkét Házában. Ez a törvényhozói hatalomban bekövetkezett változás felfogható a választók jelzéseként, hogy változásokat akarnak. 2016-ban Donald Trump megválasztásával bekövetkezett ez a változás. A tanulmány a Donald Trump alkalmasságáról szóló viták bemutatására tesz kísérletet. Azokra avéleményekre támaszkodik, amelyeket az adminisztrációból önként távozott vagy az elnök általeltávolított munkatársak fogalmaztak meg. Ismerteti néhány hagyományos konzervatív republikánus kampányszakértő állásfoglalását, amelyek kritikát fogalmaztak meg Trump elnök személyével és politikájával kapcsolatban. A Donald Trump elnökségét értékelő egyik legalapvetõbb dokumentum a Mueller-jelentés, a tanulmány fontos forrása volt. A jelentés két kötetben, több mint négyszáz oldal terjedelemben foglalja össze a 2016-os választásba történt orosz beavatkozás vizsgálatának tapasztalatait. Végül bemutatja az Amerikai Pszichiátriai Társaság tagjainak elemzését Donald Trumpkarakteréről és az elnöki pozíció betöltésére való alkalmasságáról.
The ontology of resistance between power and knowledge
Authors: Al Sheikh Hanan Muneer 
Published: April 2021

The ontology of human resistance accentuates its existence through several expressive means with the most important being Art; as art transforms the question of resistance into a self-practice that starts with the artists and transfers between the inside and the outside in a continuous, creative and effective mutual relationship in order to emphasise the battle of existence conflict, ideology and Epistemology within the general framework of power. This philosophic analysis is based on the hypotheses of having a multilateral factor that continues with the past legacy on the one hand and interprets the present while overpassing it on the other, in order to create a state of creativity that represents the intellectual, emotional, cognitive and historical inventory, while posing a situation of continuous wondering among individuals and groups. This artistic state unifies the indicators of symbolisations and makes resistance represented in a contemporary visual discourse that rejects dominance, accentuates the identity and transforms the theoretical intellectual question into a practiced anthological act that is featured of permanent activity as a perpetual act towards liberation and reproducing self-existence.

Keywords: Art philosophy, resistance ontology, political caricature, photography.
Variation in Reporting of the Race and Ethnicity of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Across US States: April 12, 2020, and November 9, 2020
Authors: Douglas Megan D. , Respress Ebony , Gaglioti Anne H. , Li Chaohua , Blount Mitchell A. , Hopkins Jammie , Baltrus Peter T. , Willock Robina Josiah , Caplan Lee S. , Dawes Daniel E. , Mack Dominic 
Published: April 2021

Despite growing evidence that COVID-19 is disproportionately affecting communities of color, state-reported racial/ethnic data are insufficient to measure the true impact.We found that between April 12, 2020, and November 9, 2020, the number of US states reporting COVID-19 confirmed cases by race and ethnicity increased from 25 to 50 and 15 to 46, respectively. However, the percentage of confirmed cases reported with missing race remained high at both time points (29% on April 12; 23% on November 9). Our analysis demonstrates improvements in reporting race/ethnicity related to COVID-19 cases and deaths and highlights significant problems with the quality and contextualization of the data being reported.We discuss challenges for improving race/ethnicity data collection and reporting, along with opportunities to advance health equity through more robust data collection and contextualization. To mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on racial/ethnic minorities, accurate and high-quality demographic data are needed and should be analyzed in the context of the social and political determinants of health.
Design and Numerical Optimization of Gas Guidance System in Casting Silicon Furnace by the Orthogonal Experiment
Authors: Su Wenjia , Li Jiulong , Li Chen , Yang Wei , Wang Junfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
3D global simulations were performed to investigate the gas flow and impurities transport in casting silicon furnace under the influence of a unique designed spray-type gas guidance system (GGS). The simulation results show that, the intensity of backflow at crucible outlet had no obvious change with the application of this GGS, but the flow area of backflow was effectively inhibited above the melt free surface and the kinetic rate of reaction was weakened at the cover. Finally, the area-average concentration of CO at the melt free surface was decreased by 31%. The GGS was optimized by the orthogonal experiment, including the argon flow rate (Q), length of deflector (L) and distance between GGS and melt free surface (H). When Q = 40 L/min, H = 50 mm and L = 50 mm, the GGS had the most obvious effect on removing impurities.
Environmental exposure and clinical correlates of hepatocellular carcinoma in New York City: A case only study
Authors: Wu Hui-Chen , Shen Jing , Siegel Abby , Santella Regina M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the U.S., Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence rates have increased. We aimed to determine whether environmental exposure plays a role in the high incidence of HCC observed in New York City. We conducted a hospital-based case only study to examine the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-albumin adducts and the distribution of adducts by different characteristics of HCC patients. Blood samples were collected from 155 HCC patients for biomarker analyses. We observed that about 46% and 49% of cases had detectable AFB1- and PAH-albumin adducts, respectively. There were significant differences between AFB1-albumin adducts and selected factors such as HCV infection status (p = 0.04), diabetes (p = 0.03) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (p = 0.02). Cases with detectable PAH-albumin adducts had a smoking history compared with those with nondetectable levels (p = 0.04). The level of AFB1-albumin adducts was positively correlated with plasma bilirubin (rs=0.32, p < 0.0001) and adiponectin concentrations (rs=0.28, p = 0.0005). The level of aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts was negatively associated with blood albumin concentration (rs=-0.28, p = 0.0009) and plasma DNA LINE-1 methylation (rs=-0.16, p = 0.04). Our study provides additional evidence that environmental exposures including to aflatoxin might partially explain the increase in the incidence of HCC in the US.
Modelling and prediction of cutting temperature in the machining of H13 hard steel of multi-layer coated cutting tools
Authors: Zhang Jingjie , Liu Zhanqiang , Xu Chonghai , Du Jin , Su Guosheng , Zhang Peirong , Meng Xiangfei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The coating effect on the cutting temperature has long been a hot topic in understanding heat transfer mechanism in machining coated tools, and especially the multi-layer coated tools. For multi-layer coated tools, the coating structure, coating thickness and coating material will affect the cutting temperature of the tool. This paper is devoted to the cutting temperature in dry turning of H13 hardened steel with multi-layer coatings. New analytical models for estimating coating temperature and coating-substrate interface temperature were proposed. The multi-layer coating can be equivalent to mono-layer composite coating, which applies equivalent coating layer approach, and was developed to estimate the cutting temperature in turning by heat transfer model of mono-layer coated tool. The analyzed results were compared to appropriate experimental process data using thermocouples and FEM simulated data. The models were verified can accurate temperature under the same cutting conditions for two multi-layer coated tools.