bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La parodo dell’Eracle di Euripide: tradizione critica della colometria e del testo
Authors: Santé Paolo 
Published: November 2021

Analizo el texto y la colometría de los mss. Laurentianus plut. 32,2 (L) y Laurentianus conv. soppr. 172 + Palatinus gr. 287 (P) para el canto de entrada del coro de Heracles. Muchos lugares han sido discutidos y corregidos por un autorizado grupo de filólogos. Los discutiré nuevamente, proponiendo una defensa del texto antiguo y la colometría donde creo haber encontrado argumentos adecuados. Las ediciones modernas modifican la colometría en varios lugares, anulando la mezcla de cola yámbicos y trocaicos, que en cambio tiene su propia ratio. La presencia de los ἴαμβοι podría remontarse al género ialemos, una forma de lamento fúnebre, y la mezcla con los τροχαῖοι es típica del estilo de Eurípides, cuando quiere insistir en un tono sombrío y lúgubre. Cuando la atención de los ancianos de sí mismos se desplaza a los niños de Heracles, la versificación se vuelve en hypodochmi y τροχαῖοι como resultado de un tono más trepidante.
This work analyzes text and colometry of mss. Laurentianus plut. 32,2 (L) and Laurentianus conv. soppr. 172 + Palatinus gr. 287 (P) for the chorus’ entrance song of Heracles. Many places have been discussed and corrected by an authoritative group of philologists. I will re-discuss them, proposing a defense of the ancient text and colometry, where I believe I have found suitable arguments. The modern editions modify the colometry in several places, cancelling the mixture of iambic and trochaic cola, which instead has its own ratio. The presence of ἴαμβοι could be traced back to ialemos genus, a form of funeral lament, and the mixture with τροχαῖοι is typical of Euripide’s style, when he wants to insist on a sombre and mournful tone. When the attention of the elderly people from themselves shifts to Heracles’ children, the versification turns into hypodochmi and τροχαῖοι as a result of a more trepidating tone.
Tornando su Persio chol. 14 (e Cesio Basso)
Authors: Zurli Loriano 
Published: November 2021

The article disputes the conclusions of Paolo d'Alessandro regarding two metra prototypa called into question in the discussion concerning the constitution of the text of the last verse of Persius' choliambi, as it appears in the critical edition of 2010 by Scivoletto – Zurli, and it mostly rejects the constitutio textus proposed by Paolo d’Alessandro who does not consider the handwritten position of the two readings nectar and melos included by him both in v. 14 with rhetorical and metric forcing.
L'articolo confuta le conclusioni di Paolo d'Alessandro riguardanti due metra prototypa chiamati in causa nella discussione relativa alla costituzione del testo dell'ultimo verso dei choliambi di Persio, cosí come appare nell'edizione critica del 2010 di Scivoletto - Zurli, e soprattutto rifiuta la constitutio textus proposta da Paolo d'Alessandro che non considera la posizione manoscritta delle due letture nectar e melos da lui inserite entrambe nel v. 14 con forzature retoriche e metriche.
The Standards Association: A Hybrid Governance Structure Between Market and Network
Authors: Rouquet Aurélien 
Published: November 2021

Since the beginning of the 20th century, many standards associations have emerged. The purpose of this theoretical article is to demonstrate that standards associations can be seen as a governance structure, and to position this structure in the transaction cost theory. A standards association is defined as any formal organization set up to develop common standards. The operating logic of the standards association is for associates to design common standards, and then to make the adoption of these standards a criterion for entering into a transaction. The article shows that it is a hybrid structure between market and network.
Investigation of Numerical Hydrodynamic Performance of Deformable Hydrofoil (Applied on Blade Propeller)
Authors: Abidin Noh Zainal , Leblond Cédric , Yolhamid Mohd Najib Abdul Ghani , Zarim Mohamad Abu Ubaidah Amir Abu , Ibrahim Farizha , Suhel Ameer 
Published: November 2021

The hydrofoil is a hydro-lifting surface that significantly contributes to marine transportation such as a boat, ship, and submarine for its movement and maneuverability. The existing hydrofoils are in fixed-shaped National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) profiles, depending merely on the variation of Angle of Attack (AOA) such as rudder, hydroplane, and propeller blade. This research is concerned with the deformable hydrofoil that aims at modifying its NACA profile rather than its AOA. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about designing an appropriate deformable hydrofoil. Therefore, a numerical investigation of hydrodynamic characteristics for selected hydrofoils was conducted. After undergoing the 2D numerical analysis (potential flow method) at specific conditions, several NACA profiles were chosen based on the performance of NACA profiles. NACA 0017 was selected as the initial shape for this research before it deformed to the optimized NACA profiles, NACA 6417, 8417, and 9517. The 3D CFD simulations using the finite volume method to obtain hydrodynamic characteristics at 0 deg AOA with a constant flow rate. The mesh sensitivity and convergence study are carried out to get consistent, validated, and reliable results. The final CFD modeled for propeller VP 1304 for open water test numerically. The results found that the performance of symmetry hydrofoil NACA 0017 at maximum AOA is not the highest compared to the other deformed NACA profiles at 0 deg AOA. The numerical open water test showed that the error obtained on K.T., K.Q., and efficiency is less than 8% compared to the experimental results. It shows that the results were in good agreement, and the numerical CFD setting can be used for different deformed profiles in the future.
Potential lineage transmission within the active microbiota of the eggs and the nauplii of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris: possible influence of the rearing water and more
Authors: Giraud Carolane , Callac Nolwenn , Beauvais Maxime , Mailliez Jean-René , Ansquer Dominique , Selmaoui-Folcher Nazha , Pham Dominique , Wabete Nelly , Boulo Viviane 
Published: November 2021

Background
Microbial communities associated with animals are known to be key elements in the development of their hosts. In marine environments, these communities are largely under the influence of the surrounding water. In aquaculture, understanding the interactions existing between the microbiotas of farmed species and their rearing environment could help establish precise bacterial management.

Method
In light of these facts, we studied the active microbial communities associated with the eggs and the nauplii of the Pacific blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) and their rearing water. All samples were collected in September 2018, November 2018 and February 2019. After RNA extractions, two distinct Illumina HiSeq sequencings were performed. Due to different sequencing depths and in order to compare samples, data were normalized using the Count Per Million method.

Results
We found a core microbiota made of taxa related to Aestuariibacter, Alteromonas, Vibrio, SAR11, HIMB11, AEGEAN 169 marine group and Candidatus Endobugula associated with all the samples indicating that these bacterial communities could be transferred from the water to the animals. We also highlighted specific bacterial taxa in the eggs and the nauplii affiliated to Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Labrenzia, Rothia, Thalassolituus, Marinobacter, Aureispira, Oleiphilus, Profundimonas and Marinobacterium genera suggesting a possible prokaryotic vertical transmission from the breeders to their offspring. This study is the first to focus on the active microbiota associated with early developmental stages of a farmed shrimp species and could serve as a basis to comprehend the microbial interactions involved throughout the whole rearing process.
Molecular Characterization and Toxicity of Heavy Metal Quinary Mixtures on Enterobacter cloacae Isolate from Nworie River
Authors: Onumajuru A. C. , Ogbulie J. N. , Nweke C. O. 
Published: November 2021

The molecular characterization and toxicity of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) quinary mixtures on Enterobacter cloacae isolate from Nworie River was investigated. Quinary mixtures of the heavy metals were compounded using fixed ratio (%); and inhibitory effect assessed using inhibition of total dehydrogenase as toxicity response. The mixtures consisted of five heavy metals in the ratios: Pb (20%) + Cr (20%) + Cd (20%) + Zn (20%) + Cu (20%), Pb (30%) + Cr (20%) + Cd (10%) + Zn (30%) + Cu (10%). Pb (10%) + Cr (10%) + Cd (30%) + Zn (40%) + Cu (10%), Pb (15%) + Cr (25%) + Cd (25%) + Zn (15%) + Cu (20%), Pb (40%) + Cr (15%) + Cd (5%) + Zn (20%) + Cu(20%). Result obtained showed that toxicity of the metals against the bacterium ranked in the order Cu > Cr >Zn > Pb > Cd. The quinary mixtures Pb (20%) + Cr (20%) + Cd (20%) + Zn (20%) + Cu (20%), Pb (30%) + Cr (20%) + Cd (10%) + Zn (30%) + Cu (10%) and 10%Pb + 10%Cr + 30%Cd + 40%Zn + 10%Cu showed synergistic interaction, while 15%Pb + 25%Cr + 25%Cd + 15%Zn + 20%Cu and 40%Pb + 15%Cr + 5%Cd + 20%Zn + 20%Cu mixtures were antagonistic and additive respectively. Threshold inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the quinary mixtures was 0.054 ± 0.005mM, 0.053 ± 0.002 mM, 0.038 ± 0.002 mM, 0.077 ± 0.007 mM and 0.058 ± 0.006 mM for the respective mixtures. The toxic index values evaluated for the mixtures exhibited antagonistic, synergistic and additive interaction in the various ratios. The 16S rRNA and ITSF1 sequences obtained of the isolate showed the phylogenetic placement of the 16S rRNA of the isolate was closely related to Enterobacter cloacae strain DL01 (MH168084). The heavy metals mixtures demonstrated diverse toxicity interaction on the isolate depending on their relative composition, thus poses a threat to aquatic microbial diversity.
SARS-CoV-2 and the Weather: Correlation between COVID-19 and Meteorological Variables in 3 Cities in Mexico
Authors: Ramirez-Sanchez Hermes Ulises , Ortiz-Bañuelos Alma Delia , Fajardo-Montiel Aida Lucia 
Published: November 2021

Meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction are associated with the dispersion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through aerosols, particles <5μm are suspended in the air being infective at least three hours and dispersing from eight to ten meters. It has been shown that a 10-minute conversation, an infected person produces up to 6000 aerosol particles, which remain in the air from minutes to hours, depending on the prevailing weather conditions.
Objective: To establish the correlation between meteorological variables, confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the 3 most important cities of Mexico.
Methodology: A retrospective ecological study was conducted to evaluate the correlation of meteorological factors with COVID-19 cases and deaths in three Mexican cities.
Results: The correlations between health and meteorological variables show that in the CDMX the meteorological variables that best correlate with the health variables are Temperature (T), Dew Point (DP), Wind speed (WS), Atmospheric Pressure (AP) and Relative Humidity (RH) in that order. In the ZMG are T, WS, RH, DP and AP; and in the ZMM are RH, WS, DP, T and AP.
Conclusions In the 3 Metropolitan Areas showed that the meteorological factors that best correlate with the confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 are the T, RH; however, the correlation coefficients are low, so their association with health variables is less than other factors such as social distancing, hand washing, use of antibacterial gel and use of masks.
Positivity Rate as a Performance Indicator for COVID-19 Response in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obi Andrew Ifeanyichukwu , Ononigwe Pius , Ireye Faith , Okundia Patrick , Irowa Osamuyi , Eboreime Helen , Tobin Ekaete , Iruobe Lauretta , Osa Bruce , Okhuarobo Uwa , Okoduwa Kester 
Published: November 2021

Background: Positivity rate is a very reliable indicator in determining the effectiveness of public health interventions of infectious disease magnitude.
Aim: To use positivity rate as performance indicator of effectiveness of COVID-19 Control measures in Edo State, Southern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Laboratory based record review of 20,220 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based laboratory results from COVID-19 line-list analysed from the four (4) NCDC accredited molecular laboratory within Edo State. The weekly COVID-19 test positivity was computed in relation to the total samples tested between 23rd March to 30th November, 2020. Data collected were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 software with statistical significance set at p˂0.050 and 95% Confidence Interval.
Results: A total of 20,220 PCR results reviewed with 2696 (13.3%) COVID-19 cases identified while 17,524 (86.7%) were negative. The average weekly sample collection and testing was 552.28 ± 369.98, with average weekly COVID-19 case yield and positivity rate (%) of 77.89 ±106.23 and 12.20±13.75% respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between sample tested and COVID-19 case yield (R = 0.569; < 0.01). The first wave of the COVID-19 in Edo State witnessed a consistent and progressive decline in test positivity rate till it deepened at 0.6 % by the end of November, 2020.
Conclusion: Increasing sample testing has significant positive correlation with COVID-19 case detection in Edo State. Positivity rate was a good indicator to monitor COVID-19 outbreak response in Edo State.
Targeted surveillance and sample collection for testing can significantly help improve the quality and case yield during epidemic outbreak response. Bridging the gap in sample collection for testing can greatly influence how quickly an epidemic outbreak response and control is achieved.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br Root Bark Extracts against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Sombié Ernest Nogma , Hilou Adama , Ouédraogo Noufou , Yhi-Pênê N’do Jotham , Paré Dramane , Traoré Tata Kadiatou , G. Ouédraogo Geoffroy , Tibiri André 
Published: November 2021

Background: Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a hepatotoxin whose metabolic activation by liver cytochromes P450 is responsible for the necrosis, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of liver cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Calotropis procera roots bark against DEN induced hepatocellular damage in rats.
Material and Methods: Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera root bark were evaluated by induction of liver injury with DEN in Wistar male rats distributed in six groups of six. Serum hepatic markers, alanine amino transferase (ALAT), aspartate amino transferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin were evaluated and the enzymes antioxidant activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, as well as the level of malonedialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the liver homogenate. Histological analysis was carried out on sections of rat livers. Phytoconstituents have also been studied. Results: Pretreatment of rats with the extract showed a significant decrease in ALAT, ASAT and ALP while there was an increase in total protein and albumin compared to rats treated only with DEN. It also showed a significant increase in SOD and catalase and a decrease in MDA levels suggesting the hepatoprotective effect of the extract. Observation of liver sections confirmed the results of the biochemical parameters which would attest that the extract is hepatoprotective. Phytoconstituents such as sterols, triterpenes and phenolic compounds have been demonstrated.
Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera roots bark has shown hepatoprotective effects that could be due to its content in sterols and triterpenic and phenolic compounds.
Standardization of Integrated Nutrient Management for Growth and Yield of Tomato
Authors: Ramesh Eggadi , Sikder Subhamoy 
Published: November 2021

Aim: “Standardization of integrated nutrient management for growth and yield of tomato”.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with 14 treatments with three replications maintained.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Faculty of Horticulture of Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, and Pundibari, Cooch Behar during Rabi season of 2019 - 2020.
Methodology: The treatments consisted of different combinations of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers i.e., T1 (Recommended NPK), T2 (100% FYM), T3 (100% VC), T4 (100% PM), T5 (100% NC), T6 (100% VC + 100% FYM + 100% PM + 100% NC), T7 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC), T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM), T9 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + NC), T10 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + NC), T11 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + PSB), T12 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + PSB), T13 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + NC + PSB) and T14 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + NC + PSB).
Results: All the growth and yield parameters were recorded maximum stem girth at last harvest (14.85mm), days to first flowering (27.46), number of truss per plant (20.59), individual fruit weight (127.71g), fruit yield per plant (4.49 kg) and yield per hector (99.52t/ha) with treatment T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM).
Conclusion: The application of treatment T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM) shown enhanced tomato production with minimal alteration to environment.
Assessment of the Effect of Acid and Base Cycling on Mechanical Properties of Various Esthetic Restorative Materials
Authors: Moosavi Horieh , Rezaei Fatemeh , Rezaei Zahra , Soroush Zahra 
Published: November 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the effect of pH cycling, including both acidic and alkaline environments, on the mechanical properties of tooth-colored restorative materials.
Methods and Materials: 20 rectangular bar specimens of one bulk-fill restorative composite, two conventional nanohybrid restorative composites, and one restorative resin-modified glass ionomer were produced according to ISO 4049. Half of the materials were stored in an acid and base cycling defined as two-day storage in acidic (pH =4) and alkaline (pH=8) solutions. The rest of the materials were incubated in distilled water as a control group. The storage lasted for 48 days. Finally, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and microhardness of the specimens in each group determined. Data analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, MANOVA, Tukey HSD and T-test.
Results: The pH cycling model had a significant influence on all mechanical properties of the bulk-fill restorative composite and resin-modified glass ionomer than those stored in water (P <0.05). One of the conventional nanohybrid restorative composites showed a significant reduction in elastic modulus and microhardness while the other one showed a significant reduction only in flexural strength.
Conclusion: pH cycling negatively affects the mechanical properties of resin composites, and the materials’ composition is an important factor in the degradation of the resin-based materials examined.
Prevalence of Hypertension in Patients with Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Adhavan I. , Karthik S. Prasanna 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis, is a prevalent illness that affects people of all ages and genders. Hypertension is defined as persistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mmHg).
Methodology: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of 3 months between February 2021 and April 2021 at the Department of General Medicine in our tertiary care center. A total of 280 patients who came to the outpatient department (OPD) were included in the study as study participants. After recording blood pressure, participants were classified as normotensives (218) and hypertensives (62). The study participants were examined for the development of kidney stone disease. In those study participants who had clinical features suggesting nephrolithiasis, the diagnosis was confirmed by Ultrasonography.
Results: It was observed that 25 of 62 hypertensives and 47 of 218 normotensives developed nephrolithiasis. And there were 43 men and 29 women among the 72 stone formers.
Conclusion: Our study showed a male preponderance for stone formers. And it is also evident that nephrolithiasis is more prevalent among hypertensives than normotensives though not statistically significant.
Study of Platelet Count as a Prognostic Factor in Burns Patients
Authors: Krithiga M. , Kumaran . 
Published: November 2021

Aim: To study the platelet count as a prognostic indicator in burns patients
Objective: To evaluate the platelet count in patients with burns and its significance in early detection of post burn septicemia.
Methodology: A study was carried out in the department of surgery in Saveetha medical college from January to June 2021.
50 burns patients were included in the study and their platelet count was monitored on day 1 and assessed on day 7, 14 and 21 using standard methods. Based on the outcome the patients were grouped as survivors and non survivors.
Results: Out of the 50 patients 32 patients survived, 18 patients died. In both the groups the platelet count decreased initially. In the survivors group the platelet count increased gradually whereas in the non-survivors it was found to be decrease and continued till death.
Conclusion: A decline in platelet count is a poor prognostic factor. The outcome of burns patients can be improved by giving appropriate and timely treatment.
Agreement between Prehospital and Final Diagnosis in Patients with Acute Allergic Reactions: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Golfiroozi Saeed , Tavakoli Nader , Namdar Peyman , Zare Mohammad Amin 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Acute allergic reactions are usually first encountered in the prehospital setting and account for about 0.3% to 0.8% of prehospital runs in different countries. Right, and rapid recognition and treatment are necessary to decrease mortality and morbidity, especially in severe critical cases. This study evaluates the accuracy of prehospital care providers’ diagnosis in patients with acute allergic reactions in comparison with final (discharge) diagnosis as the gold standard.
Methods: Patients who were transported to 2 urban referral hospitals between 2008 and 2014 under the dispatch code of “acute allergic reaction” were included in the study, retrospectively. Demographic data, etiology of an allergic reaction, clinical presentations, vital signs stability, and need for epinephrine injection were evaluated. The prehospital care providers’ diagnosis (documented on-call report) was compared with the final diagnosis (documented on discharge summary form).
Results: A total of 300 patients were included in the study. In 55 (18.3%) cases the prehospital care providers’ and final diagnoses were different. Diagnoses were similar in 245 (81.6%) patients. Kappa coefficient was calculated as 0.621which shows a moderate-to-substantial agreement between prehospital and final diagnoses. Fifteen patients (5%) were discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of anaphylaxis and only 4 cases (26.6%) were diagnosed in the prehospital setting.
Conclusion: Although the overall agreement between prehospital and final diagnosis of acute allergic reactions calculated in this study was good, the accuracy of diagnosing the anaphylaxis (as the most critical allergic reaction with a potential fatality) was less than optimal.