bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive prediction of the mouse tibia mechanical properties from microCT images: comparison between different finite element models
Authors: Oliviero S. , Roberts M. , Owen R. , Reilly G. C. , Bellantuono I. , Dall’Ara E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNew treatments for bone diseases require testing in animal models before clinical translation, and the mouse tibia is among the most common models. In vivo micro-Computed Tomography (microCT)-based micro-Finite Element (microFE) models can be used for predicting the bone strength non-invasively, after proper validation against experimental data. Different modelling techniques can be used to estimate the bone properties, and the accuracy associated with each is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of different microCT-based microFE models to predict the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia under compressive load. Twenty tibiae were microCT scanned at 10.4 µm voxel size and subsequently compressed at 0.03 mm/s until failure. Stiffness and failure load were measured from the load–displacement curves. Different microFE models were generated from each microCT image, with hexahedral or tetrahedral mesh, and homogeneous or heterogeneous material properties. Prediction accuracy was comparable among models. The best correlations between experimental and predicted mechanical properties, as well as lower errors, were obtained for hexahedral models with homogeneous material properties. Experimental stiffness and predicted stiffness were reasonably well correlated (R2 = 0.53–0.65, average error of 13–17%). A lower correlation was found for failure load (R2 = 0.21–0.48, average error of 9–15%). Experimental and predicted mechanical properties normalized by the total bone mass were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.75–0.80 for stiffness, R2 = 0.55–0.81 for failure load). In conclusion, hexahedral models with homogeneous material properties based on in vivo microCT images were shown to best predict the mechanical properties of the mouse tibia.
High-speed turbulent gas jets: an LES investigation of Mach and Reynolds number effects on the velocity decay and spreading rate
Authors: Bonelli Francesco , Viggiano Annarita , Magi Vinicio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work is the investigation of Mach and Reynolds numbers effects on the behaviour of turbulent gas jets in order to gain new insights into the fluid dynamic process of turbulent jet mixing and spreading. An in-house solver (Flow-Large Eddy and Direct Simulation, FLEDS) of the Favre-filtered Navier Stokes equations has been used. Compressibility has been analyzed by considering gas jets with Mach number equal to 0.8, 1.4, 2.0 and 2.6, and Re equal to 10,000. As concerns the influence of Re on gas jets, four cases have been investigated, i.e. $$\mathrm{Re} = 2500$$

Re
=
2500

, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000, with Mach number equal to 1.4. The results show that, in accordance with previous experimental and numerical studies, the potential core length increases with Mach number. As regards the velocity decay and the spreading rate downstream of the potential core, compressibility effects are not relevant except for the jet with Mach number of 2.6. The normalized turbulent kinetic energy along the centerline as a function of the normalized streamwise distance shows a similar peak at the end of the potential core for all jets, except for the case with Mach number of 2.6. By increasing Re, the length of the potential core decreases up to the same value for all Re higher than 10,000. In the region downstream of the potential core, the velocity decay decreases as Re number increases from 10,000 to 20,000, whereas, for lower values of Re, the influence is almost negligible.
Magnetic field-induced self-assembly of chemically modified graphene oxide on cellulose fabrics for the fabrication of flexible conductive devices
Authors: Zhang Huanxia , Wu Wen , Zhou Jie , Zhang Xinchao , Zhu Tantan , Tong Mingqiong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this present study, we have successfully fabricated the cellulose fabric with excellent electrical conductivity by depositing the graphene oxide grafted with the modified ferroferric oxide (GOF) upon fabric substrate via layer-by-layer magnetic-field-induced self-assembly apporoach and followed by chemical reduction. The results indicated that the morphologies of graphene oxide nanosheets for three-layer deposited fabrics could form the highly oriented wrinkled structures, which resulted from the synergistic interactions of magnetic induction force on magnetic doublet, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals. The volume resistivity of the three-layer deposited fabric could reach to 64.8 Ω cm compared with that of pure RGO-coated viscose fabrics (137.94 Ω cm) in the previous work, which could be favorable for improving the electrical conductivity and decreasing the graphene oxide consumption. Furthermore, the three-layer deposited fabric possessed excellent washing durability even after twelve times water laundering. Our results suggested that the flexible GOF-coated fabric had great potential in conductive devices for wearable electronics, strain sensors, smart actuators and bioelectrodes and so on.
Review of congruence between global crop wild relative hotspots and centres of crop origin/diversity
Authors: Maxted Nigel , Vincent Holly 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) are important sources of adaptive diversity for plant breeding programmes. This paper aims to investigate the extent to which the centres of crop origin/diversity are congruent with areas of high CWR diversity. We established the predicted potential CWR distributions for 1,425 CWR species related to 167 crops using 334,527 known distribution locations and generated a global CWR hotspot map. This was then compared to the centres of origin/diversity proposed by Vavilov (amended by Hawkes); Zeven and Zhukovsky’s mega gene centres, Harlan’s centres and non-centres of crop domestication; and crop domestication areas identified using current archaeological evidence proposed by Purugganan and Fuller. Greatest congruence between the global CWR hotspots and other concepts was found with the concept proposed by Vavilov and amended by Hawkes, but there remained significant differences between the CWR hotspots and Vavilov’s concept. This paper concludes that all four centre concepts reviewed have some overlap with CWR diversity but that Vavilov’s original concept has the closest geographic coincidence with CWR hotspots. With the benefit of significant additional global datasets to those used by Vavilov, we were able to suggest amendments to his concept, adding further centres based on CWR hotspots in west and east USA, West Africa, South-east Brazil and Australia. As a result of this study more precise targeting of CWR and crop landrace can be implemented in future, aiding global food and nutritional security.
Intraocular lens power calculation for plus and minus lenses in high myopia using partial coherence interferometry
Authors: Fuest Matthias , Plange Niklas , Kuerten David , Schellhase Hannah , Mazinani Babac A. E. , Walter Peter , Kohnen Stephan , Widder Randolf A. , Roessler Gernot 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We assessed the accuracy of lens power calculation in highly myopic patients implanting plus and minus intraocular lenses (IOL).

Methods
We included 58 consecutive, myopic eyes with an axial length (AL) > 26.0 mm, undergoing phacoemulsification and IOL implantation following biometry using the IOLMaster 500. For lens power calculation, the Haigis formula was used in all cases. For comparison, refraction was back-calculated using the Barrett Universal II (Barrett), Holladay I, Hill-RBF (RBF) and SRK/T formulae.

Results
The mean axial length was 30.17 ± 2.67 mm. Barrett (80%), Haigis (87%) and RBF (82%) showed comparable numbers of IOLs within 1 diopter (D) of target refraction. Visual acuity (BSCVA) improved (p < 0.001) from 0.60 ± 0.35 to 0.29 ± 0.29 logMAR (> 28-days postsurgery). The median absolute error (MedAE) of Barrett 0.49 D, Haigis 0.38, RBF 0.44 and SRK/T 0.44 did not differ. The MedAE of Haigis was significantly smaller than Holladay (0.75 D; p = 0.01). All median postoperative refractive errors (MedRE) differed significantly with the exception of Haigis to SRK/T (p = 0.6): Barrett − 0.33 D, Haigis 0.25, Holladay 0.63, RBF 0.04 and SRK/T 0.13. Barrett, Haigis, Holladay and RBF showed a tendency for higher MedAEs in their minus compared to plus IOLs, which only reached significance for SRK/T (p = 0.001). Barrett (p < 0.001) and RBF (p = 0.04) showed myopic, SRK/T (p = 002) a hyperopic shift in their minus IOLs.

Conclusions
In highly myopic patients, the accuracies of Barrett, Haigis and RBF were comparable with a tendency for higher MedAEs in minus IOLs. Barrett and RBF showed myopic, SRK/T a hyperopic shift in their minus IOLs.
Potential and effects of personalizing gameful fitness applications using behavior change intentions and Hexad user types
Authors: Altmeyer Maximilian , Lessel Pascal , Jantwal Subhashini , Muller Linda , Daiber Florian , Krüger Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPersonalizing gameful applications is essential to account for interpersonal differences in the perception of gameful design elements. Considering that an increasing number of people lead sedentary lifestyles, using personalized gameful applications to encourage physical activity is a particularly relevant domain. In this article, we investigate behavior change intentions and Hexad user types as factors to personalize gameful fitness applications. We first explored the potential of these two factors by analyzing differences in the perceived persuasiveness of gameful design elements using a storyboards-based online study ($$N=178$$N=178). Our results show several significant effects regarding both factors and thus support the usefulness of them in explaining perceptual differences. Based on these findings, we implemented “Endless Universe,” a personalized gameful application encouraging physical activity on a treadmill. We used the system in a laboratory study ($$N=20$$N=20) to study actual effects of personalization on the users’ performance, enjoyment and affective experiences. While we did not find effects on the immediate performance of users, positive effects on user experience-related measures were found. The results of this study support the relevance of behavior change intentions and Hexad user types for personalizing gameful fitness systems further.
A next step in disruption management: combining operations research and complexity science
Authors: Dekker Mark M. , van Lieshout Rolf N. , Ball Robin C. , Bouman Paul C. , Dekker Stefan C. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Goverde Rob M. P. , Huisman Dennis , Panja Debabrata , Schaafsma Alfons A. M. , van den Akker Marjan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRailway systems occasionally get into a state of being out-of-control, meaning that barely any train is running, even though the required resources (infrastructure, rolling stock and crew) are available. Because of the large number of affected resources and the absence of detailed, timely and accurate information, currently existing disruption management techniques cannot be applied in out-of-control situations. Most of the contemporary approaches assume that there is only one single disruption with a known duration, that all information about the resources is available, and that all stakeholders in the operations act as expected. Another limitation is the lack of knowledge about why and how disruptions accumulate and whether this process can be predicted. To tackle these problems, we develop a multidisciplinary framework combining techniques from complexity science and operations research, aiming at reducing the impact of these situations and—if possible—avoiding them. The key elements of this framework are (i) the generation of early warning signals for out-of-control situations, (ii) isolating a specific region such that delay stops propagating, and (iii) the application of decentralized decision making, more suited for information-sparse out-of-control situations.
Effects of nitrogen depletion on the biosorption capacities of Neochloris minuta and Neochloris alveolaris for five heavy metals
Authors: Giarikos Dimitrios G. , Brown Jessica , Razeghifard Reza , Vo Duy , Castillo Ammy , Nagabandi Nikhil , Gaffney Justin , Zelden Miriam , Antakshinova Anna , Rodriguez Sara , Muhammad Safiyah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNeochloris minutaandNeochloris alveolarisgrown in nitrogen-rich (+ N) and nitrogen-depleted (-N) media were tested for their heavy metal maximum biosorption capacities (qmax) and adsorption percent efficiencies (R%). By removing nitrogen from the growth media, both algal species showed an increase in their lipid content and a decrease in their protein content. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to determine the qmaxand adsorption efficiencies of the + N and −N algae in the recovery of Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+. When comparing the two types of algae,N. alveolarisshowed the highest adsorption capacities for all five metals either in + N or -N media. The maximum adsorption efficiency percentage of the lowest concentration metal ions forN. alveolariswas 87.10% for Pb2+, 64.98% for Cd2+, 59.50% for Zn2+, 60.08% for Cu2+, and 50.61% for Ni2+. In both algae, nitrogen depletion (-N) caused an increase in the qmaxvalues for Zn2+and Cu2+. Additionally, the qmaxofN. minutafor Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+and Ni2+increased by the nitrogen depletion demonstrating that the treatment can be applied to improve the biosorption capacity of a particular alga for multiple heavy metals. The biosorption capacity for these algae for heavy metals was also discussed in terms of their biomass compositions and the type of hard or soft metal acid based on the Pearson theory of Hard and Soft, Acid and Bases (HSAB).
Analysis of measuring methods of the concentration of methylene blue in the sorption process in fixed-bed column
Authors: Ostaszewski P. , Długosz O. , Banach M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe wastewater from industry is contaminated with dyes, which should be removed in order to prevent environmental damage. This paper presents a method for removing methylene blue from an aqueous solution using a fixed-bed adsorption process onto sawdust. In the article, the method of continuous measurement of methylene blue concentration in the process of sorption on sawdust was used. The results were compared with the results obtained by the standard method of periodic testing of the dye concentration. Continuous measurement of the dye concentration after the sorption process provides the actual nature of the process and the method offers additional information about the process, as opposed to a periodic test in which the concentration of the ingredient gives only averaged results. The kinetics of the methylene blue sorption process at variable initial dye concentrations are presented. The initial concentration of methylene blue had a significant impact on the process breakthrough curve. The increase in concentration (range of 10–90 mg/dm3) caused the extension of the penetration zone of the dye mass, thus gradually adsorbing itself on the bed. In the study of kinetics, the Bohart–Adams model was the best fit.
The potential of trace elements mapping in child’s natal tooth by laser ablation-ICPMS method
Authors: Olszewska Aneta , Hanć Anetta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Tooth enamel might provide past chronological metabolic, nutritional status and trace metal exposure during development. Thus, the trace elements distribution embedded in tooth tissues represents an archive of the environmental conditions. The choice of biomarker is estimated as critical to the measurement of metal exposure. Natal teeth are defined as teeth being present at birth.

Methods
LA-ICP-MS provides a quantitative assessment of spatial distribution of trace elements in a natal tooth. The objective of the current study was to compare concentrations of building and other elements in a rare but reliable and valid biomarker - natal tooth.

Results
It have been reported presence of potentially toxic elements: Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni distributed in prenatally and perinatally formed enamel and dentine.

Conclusions
Analyses of deciduous enamel can provide answers into individuals’ earliest development, including critical pre- and perinatal period.
Analyse und Interpretation von Lyrik: Reichweite und Grenzen der Textlinguistik
Authors: Habscheid Stephan 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer theoretische Fluchtpunkt der allgemeinen Textlinguistik – hier verstanden als linguistische Theorie textvermittelter Kommunikation – wird in der Regel nicht darin gesehen, von der Warte eines Interpreten aus einzelne Texte in ihrem jeweiligen historischen Kontext zu verstehen und zu erklären. Es geht dementsprechend weniger um die Frage nach dem »Was« der Bedeutung als um die Frage nach dem »Wie« des potentiellen Verstehens, wie es sprach-, wissens- und wahrnehmungsabhängig von Textexemplaren her rekonstruiert werden kann. Allerdings schließt die Beantwortung der »Wie«-Frage, wenn sie sich auf einen konkreten Text bezieht, die Beantwortung der »Was«-Frage mit ein, so dass die Textlinguistik auch für die Literaturanalyse nützlich sein kann. Umgekehrt stellt sich für die Textlinguistik (nicht nur) im Blick auf literarische Texte die Frage, inwieweit und wie neben der kommunikativen Sinnerfahrung auch die ästhetisch-sinnliche Erfahrung und hierauf beruhende »Präsenzeffekte« (Gumbrecht) in eine allgemeine Rekonstruktion der Textkonstitution einbezogen werden können. Dies soll am Beispiel des Gedichts »Kilchberg« von Heinrich Detering (2012) erörtert werden.
Chitosan induces delayed grapevine defense mechanisms and protects grapevine against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: De Bona Gicele Sbardelotto , Vincenzi Simone , De Marchi Fabiola , Angelini Elisa , Bertazzon Nadia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a commercial chitosan soluble in acid solution and obtained from shrimp shell waste, with a molecular weight of 173 kDa and a degree of acetylation of 17%, named as chitosan (173/17), was investigated. Chitosan is a well-known biopolymer whose antimicrobial properties are highly influenced by the molecular weight, degree of acetylation as well as the preparation and derivatization methods used. Chitosan (173/17) was applied on grapevine leaves before Botrytis cinerea inoculation to verify its effectiveness as a preventive treatment against the fungal infection. The expression of a set of defense marker genes, as well as accumulation of stilbene phytoalexins, was investigated. Thanks to its fungistatic and filmogenic properties, chitosan (173/17) protected grapevine leaves against B. cinerea. Moreover, it induced grapevine defense response: three days after the treatment an induction of the jasmonic acid and ethylene-mediated response, a repression of the salicylic acid-mediated signaling, and a transient accumulation of trans-resveratrol were registered. Our data indicate that chitosan (173/17), when used in preventive application, is able to protect grapevine against B. cinerea infection. The effectiveness of chitosan (173/17) as a natural ecofriendly product for the control of B. cinerea on grapevine was demonstrated.
Palliative care competencies for geriatricians across Europe: a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Pautex Sophie , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina , Singler Katrin , Van den Noortgate Nele ,   the SIG palliative care, SIG education of the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS)
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Integration of palliative care competencies with geriatric medicine is important for quality of care for older people, especially in the last years of their life. Therefore, knowledge and skills about palliative care for older people should be mandatory for geriatricians. The European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS) has launched a postgraduate curriculum for geriatric medicine recently.

Aim
Based on this work, the Special Interest Group (SIG) on Palliative care in collaboration with the SIG in Education and Training aimed to develop a set of specific palliative care competencies to be recommended for training at a postgraduate level.

Methods
Competencies were defined using a modified Delphi technique based upon a Likert like rating scale. A template to kick off the first round and including 46 items was developed based on pre-existing competencies developed in Switzerland and Belgium.

Results
Three Delphi rounds were necessary to achieve full consensus. Experts came from 12 EU countries. In the first round, the wording of 13 competencies and the content of 10 competencies were modified. We deleted or merged ten competencies, mainly because they were not specific enough. At the end of the 2nd round, one competence was deleted and for three questions the wordings were modified. These modifications had the agreement of the participants during the last round.

Conclusion
A list of 35 palliative care competencies for geriatricians is now available for implementation in European countries.
Palladium nanoparticle biosynthesis via Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) extract: an efficient eco-friendly catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions
Authors: Schmitt Cristiane R. , Duarte Fábio A. , Godoi Marcelo , Peixoto Carlos R. M. , Trombetta Fernanda , Rosa Gilber R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This manuscript relates, for the first time, palladium nanoparticle production by bio-reduction using an Ilex paraguariensis aqueous extract. The solid obtained, PdISM, was used as a catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, composing a new eco-friendly, ligand-free, and low cost catalytic system. Excellent yields were obtained in the coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with phenylboronic acid. The same catalyst load was able to be recycled 3x.

Graphical Abstract
Optimisation of biodiesel production from dairy effluent scum using calcined egg shell as a transesterification catalyst
Authors: Kuipa O. , Marwizi T. S. , Kuipa P. K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe production of biodiesel from dairy effluent scum using calcined egg shell as the transesterification catalyst has been explored. Eggshell powder was calcined at 900 °C for 3 h and used as catalyst. The influence of methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature were studied using Response Surface Methodology employing a Central Composite Rotatable Design. An empirical model that relates the yield of biodiesel to the studied factors was obtained. The model has high statistical significance at 95% confidence interval with R2 and adjusted R2 values of 96.31% and 95.75% respectively. Results showed that among the three studied factors, the methanol-oil molar ratio had the greatest contribution to the yield of dairy effluent scum derived biodiesel followed by reaction temperature and finally, the catalyst concentration. Significant interaction effects were also present between methanol-oil ratio and catalyst, catalyst and reaction temperature and methanol-oil ratio and reaction temperature. Accordingly, the optimal variable settings were 14.355:1 methanol-oil molar ratio, 3.09% catalyst loading by weight of pre-treated dairy scum oil and 55.20°C reaction temperature; with a corresponding yield of 92.72%.