bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THE SAFETY OF ANTIANEMIC PREPARATIONS BY METHOD OF THE SYSTEM OF PROBLEMS RELATED TO MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: Matveev A. V. , Egorova E. A. , Konyaeva E. I. , Bekirova E. Yu. , Adjimamutova L. A. 
Published: June 2021

Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency conditions are some of the most important health problems in many countries of the world. At the same time, the main problems for it remain the timely diagnosis, elimination of the cause, as well as the choice of replacement therapy with iron-containing drugs and correction of adverse reactions (ADR) that occur during their use.The aim. This research aims to study the peculiarities of the development of antianaemic drugs ADRs in patients living in the territory of the Republic of Crimea.Materials and methods. The objects of research were cases of ADR occurrence associated with the use of a group of antianaemic drugs and revealed during the 2009-2018 period in the territory of the Republic of Crimea. The main tasks in the analysis of notification forms were the study of the ADR severity, the causality assessment for suspected drugs and ADRs, as well as analysis of particular problems associated with the use of antianaemic drugs (Drug-related problems, DRP).Results. Iron supplements in combination with other drugs became the leaders in the incidence of ADR among antianaemic drugs (28 cases, 42.4% of all cases of ADR). The largest number of cases was registered in patients aged from 18 to 30 years, with female patients prevailing. Among the clinical manifestations of ADR, the most cases were drug hypersensitivity reactions of varying severity (40 cases) and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (18 cases). The study of the problems associated with the use of antianaemic drugs made it possible to determine that the highest rates of DRP values were observed with the use of iron preparations for parenteral use and cyanocobalamine. The minimal DRP values were observed when prescribing iron protein succinylate preparations.Conclusion. The basis of pharmacotherapy for various types of anemias is the replenishment of iron and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) depots. The effectiveness of the treatment in these cases largely depends on the patient's adherence to treatment, which is, in turn, depends on the frequency and severity of ADRs that occur during the use of antianaemic drugs.
Poverty — definitional problems
Authors: Stępień Martyna 
Published: June 2021

Poverty has always existed; nevertheless, one must seek to reduce it, because it is an evil. However, before taking action in this direction, it is necessary to indicate what the problem is, what its essence is, hence it is necessary to define poverty. This is extremely important both from a research-theoretical as well as a practical perspective. Difficulties in establishing a single universal definition of poverty stem from the complexity and multidimensionality of this matter. Contemporary researchers agree that poverty does not have a solely economic dimension, because the other aspects are also important — such as cultural, psychological. The way of defining poverty has changed with increasing knowledge of the subject. When creating definitions of poverty, the assumption must be that the evil of poverty is real, so it is not a subjective assessment.
Jesús Ignacio DELGADO ROJAS, Víctima y el derecho a la no discriminación por diversidad afectivo-sexual
Authors: Fernández García Eusebio 
Published: June 2021

Este artículo reseña: Jesús Ignacio DELGADO ROJAS, Víctima y el derecho a la no discriminación por diversidad afectivo-sexual, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 2020, 95 pp.
Dollarization and macroeconomic performance in Cambodia since the first 1993 general election
Authors: Hay Chanthol 
Published: June 2021

This paper provides historical backgrounds of dollarization, the introduction of the Khmer riel and macroeconomic performance in the context of high dollarization after the Khmer Rouge regime which ended in year 1979. The high level of dollarization was caused by both economic and political factors. The history of large exchange rate depreciation and high inflation, trust in new local currency (which was abolished during the Khmer Rouge), political unrests, spending in U.S. dollars by international organizations for running elections, are among those factors. Macroeconomic environment was favourable as low inflation, stable exchange rate against U.S. dollar and high rate of GDP growth were achieved recently. Policy to gradually de-dollarize the economy is in place. However, dollarization cannot cushion Cambodian economy against recent global economic shocks such as global financial crisis in 2008 and Covid-19. A more active dedollarization policy shall be considered.
Cellular stress response, induction of micronuclei and DNA strand breaks in two common fish species of Rivers and Reservoirs in Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria.
Authors: Anifowoshe Abass Toba , Oladipo Segun Olayinka , Oyinloye Arinola N , Opute Augusta , Odofin Edward , Aiki Omotola , Abdulrahim Moshood Y , Akinseye Kehinde Monica , Iyiola Oluyinka A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Most rivers and reservoirs in the world are prone to pollution because of indiscriminate disposal of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes into the water bodies. In this study, we investigated the ecotoxicological potential this could pose in fish species collected from major reservoirs and rivers in Ilorin, north central, Nigeria. Water samples were collected and the physicochemical parameters were examined from five different sites; Unilorin reservoir, Asa reservoir, Apodu reservoir, Asa river (Unity) and Asa river (Harmony). We determined serum biochemical (AST, ALT, ALP, serum ALB), histopathological (gill, lungs), serum antioxidant enzyme responses (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST) which serves as a biomarker for evaluating oxidative stress while micronucleus and comet assays were used to detect level of DNA damage in Tilapia zillii and Clarias gariepinus. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metal analysed (Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, N, P, Fe, Cl, and Ca) in the five different water bodies were below the permissible limits of WHO and USEPA except the DO, which was very low in the two rivers, indicating hypoxia. Our results showed significant increase in biochemical and hematological profiles, histopathological lesions in the gill and lungs, inductions of MN, NA and DNA single strand break in Tilapia zillii and Clarias gariepinus collected from Asa rivers compared to the Unilorin, Apodun and Asa reservoirs. This may be attributed to indiscriminate discharge of effluents from nearby industries, agricultural and domestic wastes into the rivers.
Characteristics of Menstrual Cycle Disorder and Saliva Metabolomics of Young Women in High-temperature Environment
Authors: Wei Mengfan , An Gaihong , Fan Lijun , Chen Xuewei , Li Chao , Chen Jiajun , Ma Qiang , Yang Danfeng , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High-temperature environments induce menstrual disorders, which can seriously damage women's reproductive health and workability. The regulation mechanism underlying the induction of these disorders at high temperature is yet to be elucidated. Saliva is an information-rich biological fluid that can reflect systemic diseases. Here, we investigated the characteristics of menstrual cycle disorders and saliva metabolomics. Women from high and normal temperature areas of China were selected and divided into two groups—high-temperature (H group) and control (C group). A questionnaire survey was conducted in summer (July) to investigate the incidence rate of menstrual disorders, characteristics of the disorders, and factors influencing the risk of these disorders in different regions. Metabolomics was applied to analyze the characteristics of the salivary metabolites and neurotransmitters in the two groups of women with menstrual disorders.The incidence rate of menstrual disorders was significantly higher in the H group than in the C group (P < 0.05). High-temperature environment, anxiety, pressure, and sleep quality were identified as critical factors associated with menstrual disorders. Non-targeted saliva metabolomics identified 64 significantly different metabolites, which mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, digestive system, and nucleotide metabolism(P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomics of neurotransmitters revealed increased expression of histamine (HA) and glutamine and decreased expression of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) (P < 0.05). Therefore, the incidence rate of menstrual disorder was increased in the H group, which is significantly related to factors such as anxiety and pressure. Changes in metabolites and neurotransmitters indicated that besides mood, endocrine regulation mechanism, inflammatory reactions that affect the formation of the follicular, cell membrane might contribute to the development of menstrual disorders.
Basin Progress – Active Deformation Analysis by Tectonostratigraphic Elements and Geophysical Methods on North Anatolian Fault System (Eastern Marmara Region, Turkey)
Authors: Doğan Bülent , Aşcı Metin , Karakaş Ahmet , Pekşen Ertan , Erener Arzu , Çepni Murat Selim , Yavuzyılmaz Selin , Alahmad Mohammad , Sertçelik Fadime , Sertçelik İbrahim , Kurtuluş Cengiz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Northern Branch of the North Anatolian Fault System controls and deforms the Izmit Basin and the Sapanca Lake Basin in the study area. Unlike the Sapanca Lake Basin, the oblique normal faults with WNW–ESE trending with maximum length of 5 km in the south of the basin have contributed to the deformation process in the formation of Izmit Basin. The fault sets mainly incline to the north. The N-S width of the dextral strike-slip active deformation was determined as 9 km at Izmit basin and 3.8 km at Sapanca Lake basin. Further, the minimum principal stress axes (σ3) vary in the trending ranges of N11°-74° E, which are caused by the transtensional stresses associated with strike-slip faulting in the Izmit Basin by a different tectonic source than the Sapanca Lake Basin. Besides, the crust depth of main strand of NAFS-NB was determined up to 1112 m by magnetic method. The secondary faults were determined by both magnetic and resistivity methods up to a depth of 110 m. The depression area between Izmit bay and Sapanca Lake on the northern Anatolian fault is an integrated basin with two dextral strike-slip tectonic origins. Thus, the Izmit Basin, along with the main strike-slip faulting, has been developed in the asymmetric negative flower structure, where only the southern boundary has become a fault. The Sapanca Lake Basin is a lazy-Z-shaped pull-apart system formed by the E–W trending fault as a releasing bend. A simple shear deformation ellipsoid with a long axis of approximately 35 km on the Northern Branch of the North Anatolian Fault System is defined for the Izmit – Sapanca integrated basin. Therefore, intra-basin deposits have different depths estimated from the gravity data in the Izmit – Sapanca integrated basin, and the maximum sediment thickness estimated is 2200 m in the middle of the Izmit Basin.
Heterogeneous Cryptographic Algorithm for Internet of Things Based Embedded Wireless Security
Authors: S Prasath J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The technologies in monitoring and control of industrial process have changed due to the rapid growth of emerging technologies especially the most popular Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet is an essential part of day-to-day life and it is used to gather more information. The emerging trend in the field of industrial automation is the integration of embedded systems with wireless technologies which enables monitoring of process information through the internet. As the internet is the open environment, a lot of security issues and vulnerabilities arise to the industrial devices. The usage of internet in process monitoring enables attackers to monitor and change the process data. The unsecured industrial operations lead to failure of process equipment and safety issues to plant operators. The security mechanisms are essential in order to protect the embedded systems and wireless networks from unauthorized access. This proposed heterogeneous security algorithm includes symmetric, asymmetric and hash algorithms which strengthen the level of security. The novelty of the proposed work is it employs 128-bit key size for symmetric encryption, 1024-bit key size for asymmetric encryption along with the use of hash algorithm all together strengthens the security and it is tested in real time using embedded system with IoT. It takes less time for execution of data encryption and decryption. This proposed hybrid security algorithm is implemented and tested in an embedded system with wireless monitoring of process information through the internet. It ensures secure communication and monitoring of process data through the internet. The attacker cannot identify and modify the plant information transmitted across internet. This proposed work can be applied to industries dealing with sensitive process information.
Walking Time, Sports Activity, Job Type, and Body Posture During Work in Relation to Incident Colorectal Cancer: The JACC Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Eshak Ehab Salah , Noda Hiroyuki , Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
An inverse association between physical activity and colorectal cancer (CRC) was suggested. We aimed to assess the specific and combined effects of leisure-time and occupational physical activities on CRC risk among Japanese adults.
Methods
Using Cox proportional hazard models, we tested whether walking time, sports activity, body posture during work, and job type– or the combination of these variables – were associated with CRC incidence during 17 years of follow-up (1990–2009) in a prospective cohort of 26,897 Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years.
Results
During the follow-up period, 423 incident cases of CRC (267 colon and 156 rectum cancer) were ascertained. Time spent walking showed a dose-response inverse relationship with CRC risk (p-trend = 0.053). Manual labor was associated with lower CRC risk when compared to office work; HR (95%CI) = 0.75 (0.57–0.98) for colorectal cancer and 0.69 (0.48–0.97) for colon cancer. Compared to sitting, moving during work tended to be inversely associated with rectal cancer risk, especially after censoring early incident cases within 3 years after baseline; HR (95% CI) = 0.63 (0.40–0.99). Combining leisure-time walking with job type suggested mutual and synergistic benefits (p-interaction < 0.05). Compared to office workers walking < 1h/d, non-office workers walking < 1h/d had a 39% lower risk, office workers walking ≥ 1h/d had a 52% lower risk, while non-office workers walking ≥ 1h/d had a 40% lower risk of developing colon cancer.
Conclusions
The time spent walking, job type and posture during work were independently and additively associated with reduced incident CRC risk among Japanese men and women.
Modified OOK In DWDM-FSO Systems Under Atmospheric Turbulence Channel And Interchannel Crosstalk
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents designing and analysis using a dense wavelength division multiplexing free-space optical (DWDM-FSO) communication systems and shows the noise effects, interchannel crosstalk, and atmospheric turbulence in the weak and strong turbulence with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation. Numerical results show error floor occurs in the DWDM-FSO link using an OOK and adaptive detection threshold.
Design and Analysis of 1.28 Terabit/s DWDM Transmission System for Free Space Optical Communication
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the implementation of a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) 32 × 40 Gbps (1.28 Tera bit/s) for the free-space optical (FSO) communication system is investigated. Analysis is performed for return-to-zero (RZ) and non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line codes for 1 km free space optic length. Motivation to the current analysis is to compare RZ and NRZ lines codes in the DWDM-FSO communication system and it is found that the NRZ line code is better than RZ code. A 1.28 Tb/ps wavelength division multiplexed communication system for free space optic channel workplace has been discovered in which 32 channel each of 40 Gbps data streams are combined using wavelength division multiplexed. The study includes the attenuation caused by atmospheric effect and beam divergence. Bit-error rate (BER), quality factor (Q), and eye diagram are indicator of performance evaluation. By comparing one can get a promising system to the high capacity access network with more bandwidth, cost effective and good flexibility.
Degradation of Diclofenac Sodium by the UV/Chlorine Process: Reaction Mechanism, Influencing Factors and Toxicity Evaluation
Authors: li qingsong , Lai Chengran , Yu Jianwei , Luo Jingyu , Deng Jing , Li Guoxin , Chen Weizhu , Li Boqiang , Chen Guoyuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study examined the reaction mechanism, influencing factors and toxicity of diclofenac sodium (DS) degradation by ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine process. The UV/chlorine was capable of eliminating DS from water. The DS degradation during the UV/chlorine process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model that was influenced by chlorine dosage, solution pH, humic acid and bicarbonate concentrations. The free chlorine affects not only DS elimination, but the contribution of various active species as well. Increasing free chlorine dosage from 1 to 7 mg·L-1 increased the first-order rate constant of NaClO, ·OH and reactive chlorine species (RCS) from 0.00063, 0.00328 and 0.00203 min−1 to 0.00233, 0.0101 and 0.0974 min−1, respectively, and increased the contribution of RCS from 8.20% to 75.71%, while the contribution of UV, NaClO, and ·OH were declined from 76.02%, 2.54% and 13.24% to 14.63%, 1.81%, and 7.85%, respectively. The contribution of RCS became increasingly prominence with the increment of free chlorine dosage. The kobs,UV/chlorine,DS value decreased from 0.0797 to 0.0445 min-1 as pH increased from 5.0 to 8.0. The presence of bicarbonate and natural organic matter both exerted an inhibitory effect on DS degradation. Eleven intermediate products were identified and the degradation pathway involved C-N cleavage, condensation, hydroxylation, and decarboxylation was proposed. The UV/chlorine process effectively reduced acute toxicity and was superior to chlorination. The genotoxicity induced by a chlorinated solution treated by the UV/chlorine process exhibited negative genotoxicity. These results show that the UV/chlorine process is capable for the degradation and detoxification of DS.
Vitamin D In Gambian Children With Discordant Tuberculosis Infection Status Despite Matched TB Exposure: A Case Control Study
Authors: Stockdale Lisa , Sambou Basil , Sissoko Muhamed , Egere Uzo , Sillah Abdou K , Kampmann Beate , Roy Robin Basu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Using a matched case-control design we measured vitamin D levels in pairs of Gambian children with discordant infection status despite the same sleeping proximity to the same adult TB index case. Vitamin D levels were 2.05ng/mL higher in 24 highly TB-exposed uninfected children compared with 24 matched highly TB-Exposed infected children (p=0.08). The findings warrant further investigation in larger studies to understand the implications and significance. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were higher in TB-uninfected children compared with TB-infected despite equal high exposure to a TB case.
Ibuprophen Removal from Synthetic Effluents Using Electrocoagulation-Peroxidation (ECP)
Authors: Behling Laura , Luz Vilson Conrado da , Pasquali Gean Delise Leal , Bazoti Suzana Fátima , Rosa Clarissa Dalla , Pereira Paulo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Concerning water resources, several ordinances and legislation determine standards and conditions for the discharge of effluents into water bodies. However, several contaminants are not covered by these guidelines because they are found in low concentrations and due to little knowledge of their long-term effects. These contaminants are called emergents, and this category includes drugs, such as anti-inflammatory drugs. The electrocoagulation process associated with advanced oxidation comes up as an alternative to conventional effluent treatment processes, and the objective of this work was to evaluate this process using scrap iron as sacrificial electrodes in the treatment of synthetic effluents containing Ibuprofen. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the drug in synthetic effluents. The CCRD 24 was used in an experimental design, having as independent variables evaluated the concentration of contaminants, applied current, the concentration of the primary oxidizing agent H2O2 and the reaction time. The optimized conditions determined by statistical analysis were drug concentration of 5 mg.L-1, H2O2 concentration of 200 mg.L-1, current of 5 A and 150 min. The removals obtained under these conditions were higher than 92% in the aqueous phase, showing that ECP technique has the potential to treat contaminants such as drugs present in effluents and waters.
Ultrasound-Guided Pectoral Nerve Block With Tr Ansverse Thoracic Muscle Plane Block Enhanced World Health Organization on Quality of Life Brief Scale Scores 6 Months After M Odified Radical Mastectomy : A Randomized, Placebo-controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Liu Tianxiao , Chen Lina , Shi Min , Dai Weixin , Chen Jing , Xie Yubo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) has a large incision range and can cause strong intraoperative stress, a high incidence of postoperative acute pain, and chronic pain. There are few studies on the objective evaluation of the perioperative stress response by some stress-related serological indicators and on the long-term follow-up evaluation of postoperative quality of life and the incidence of chronic pain. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guided type Ⅰ Pecs block (Pecs Ⅰ), type Ⅱ Pecs block (Pecs Ⅱ) and transverse thoracic muscle plane block (TTP) on reducing CRP, IL-6, and WBC values during surgery and on enhancing World Health Organization on Quality of Life Brief Scale (QOL) scores 6 months after MRM.Methods The randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blind study was conducted in 76 patients assigned to two groups that received either ultrasound guided Pec Ⅰ + Pec Ⅱ +TTP block with 40 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine (group PT) or saline (group C). The primary outcomes were the changes in CRP, IL-6 and WBC values on the first day before surgery and the first and third days after surgery, the changes in blood glucose levels before and after surgery, and the QOL scores evaluated 6 months after surgery.Results The median (IQR) CRP, IL-6, and WBC values were significantly reduced in group PT on the first day compared with those in group C (12 (10-13.25) mg/l, 10.45 (9.575-11.65) pg/ml, 9 (7.75-9.25)×109/ l, vs 24 (20.75-26.25) mg/l, 25.35 (19.3-29.675) pg/ml, 12 (11-13) ×109/l, respectively, p< 0.001). The median (IQR) QOL was significantly higher in group PT 6 months after surgery than in group C (53(51.75-55) vs 43 (41-51.5), p< 0.001). The incidence of chronic pain was significantly lower, n/all was 4/33 vs 0/34, p< 0.001. Conclusions Ultrasound guided Pecs I, II and TTP block, significantly reduced the CRP, IL-6 and WBC values on the first day; increased the QOL scores and the incidence of chronic pain 6 months after surgery; and promoted the rapid recovery of patients.Trial registration: chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2000033275. Registered on 26 May 2020