bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La alternativa al juicio en la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas
Authors: Lafont Nicuesa Luis 
Published: July 2021

Hace ya diez años que la responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica se introdujo en nuestro país como la gran innovación que en siglos ha experimentado nuestra dogmática penal. A los problemas conceptuales, que supone tener que investigar a entes sin cerebro humano y que no pueden ir a prisión, se unen problemas prácticos de escasez de medios personales y materiales de las autoridades para adentrarse en los intrincados caminos laberinticos de corporaciones complejas y generar pruebas de calidad. España parte de una desventaja como es que todavía no ha incorporado a su sistema legal formulas procesales de desviación del juicio, que permitan a un fiscal suspender la acusación si se cumplen unos requisitos de pago de multa y compromiso de adoptar medidas de reforma interna en la empresa. El objeto del presente trabajo es estudiar las alternativas al juicio que se siguen en diferentes países y generar un debate sobre la viabilidad en España como medio de potenciar la autodenuncia en las empresas y la participación de España en investigaciones internacionales conjuntas.
La elección de los grados de Maestro/a: análisis de tendencias e incidencia del género y la titulación
Authors: Marín Suelves Diana , García Tort Enrique , Gabarda Méndez Vicente 
Published: July 2021

La elección de estudios universitarios es un proceso complejo en el que influyen diferentes variables. En este estudio se analizan los motivos de elección de carrera del alumnado de los Grados de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria de la Universitat de València en la última década, así como las posibles diferencias en los motivos a lo largo del tiempo y en función del Grado y del sexo. Utilizando como instrumento de recogida de información, un cuestionario adaptado de otra investigación en el contexto español, se analizan las motivaciones de un total de 769 estudiantes de estas titulaciones, recogidas en tres tiempos (cursos: 2010-2011, 2014-2015 y 2018-2019). Los resultados permiten detectar que las motivaciones del alumnado de los grados de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria son de carácter fundamentalmente intrínseco, independientemente del momento, del sexo de los participantes y del grado elegido. Sin embargo, las motivaciones extrínsecas, que ocupan el segundo lugar en el caso de los hombres, descienden a lo largo del tiempo, mientras que las trascendentes, las segundas en el caso de las mujeres, aumentan según avanza la década. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a entender por qué en estos grados la demanda es alta y la tasa de abandono muy baja.
Choosing a university degree is a complex process influenced by different variables. This study reports on the reasons provided by students at the Universitat de València to enrol in the Infant and Primary Education degrees during the last decade. This study also identifies possible differences in the motives over time and depending on the degree and gender. Using as a tool for collecting data a questionnaire adapted from existing research in the Spanish context, the motivations of a total of 769 students of these degrees, collected in three stages, were analysed. The outcome allows us to detect that the motivations of the students to choose this kind of Degrees are fundamentally intrinsic, regardless of the moment, the gender of the participants and the degree. However, extrinsic motivations, which are the second most referred to in the case of men, decrease over time, while transcendent ones, the second most referred to type of motivation by women, increase as the decade progresses. These results can help to understand why the demand for these degrees is high and the dropout rate is very low.
Microfactories-Bioproduction of Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals by using Microbes
Authors: Rasool Attiya 
Published: July 2021

A variety of organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and plants, produce secondary metabolites, also known as natural products. Natural products have been a prolific source and an inspiration for numerous medical agents with widely divergent chemical structures and biological activities, including antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, many of which have been developed as treatments and have potential therapeutic applications for human diseases. Aside from natural products, the recent development of recombinant DNA technology has sparked the development of a wide array of biopharmaceutical products, such as recombinant proteins, offering significant advances in treating a broad spectrum of medical illnesses and conditions. Fine chemicals that are physiologically active, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements, flavoring agents as well as additives for foods, feed, and fertilizer are produced by enzymatically or through microbial fermentation. The identification of enzymes that catalyze the target reaction makes possible to synthesis of the desired fine chemical. The genes encoding these enzymes are then introduced into suitable microbial hosts that are cultured with inexpensive, naturally abundant carbon sources, and other nutrients. Metabolic engineering create efficient microbial cell factories for producing chemicals at higher yields. In the present review, we summarize recent studies on bio-based fine chemical production and assess the potential of synthetic bioengineering for further improvement their productivity.
Research and Application of a Novel Nonlinear Grey Bernoulli Simpson Model for Short-Term Coke Production Forecasting
Authors: Cai Yubin , Zhang Lanxi 
Published: July 2021

Aims: As a basic energy source, coal occupies a leading position in the production and consumption of energy. If a reasonable coal energy production policy is to be formulated, effective forecasting is essential. Due to the lack of data, effective prediction with small samples has become the key to research.
Study Design: A nonlinear grey Bernoulli Simpson model based on new information priority accumulation method is developed in this work to forecast the coke production in the Anhui China. The introduction of non-linear parameters makes the new model constructed with universality
Place and Duration of Study: School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, between April 2021 and June 2021.
Methodology: This paper has established the nonlinear grey Bernoulli Simpson model with new information priority accumulation. Based on the grid search optimization, the data is divided by the leave-out method to construct a nonlinear problem to solve the nonlinear parameters of the model. Finally, the new model established was applied to the forecast of coke production in Anhui Province, China.
Results: The MAPE and RMSPE of the nonlinear grey Bernoulli Simpson model based on new information priority accumulation method are 1.86% and 2.58%, which are lower than other comparative models.
Conclusion: The application research of coke production shows that the new model proposed in this paper has the advantage of high prediction accuracy, which indicates that this method has great potential in the short-term prediction of energy production.
Evaluation of Raw Groundnuts from Makurdi Markets in Nigeria for Aflatoxin B1
Authors: Ityo I. T. , Nyinoh I. W. , Kukwa R. E. , Okoh M. E. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The contamination of groundnut by aflatoxins (AF) results in financial losses to farmers’ as well as severe food safety and public health challenges globally. This study was carried out to; (i) assess the levels of AFB1 in husked groundnut seeds in Makurdi (ii) determine the relationship between moisture content and AF levels, and (iii) investigate vendors’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of AF and their approach towards groundnut storage.
Study Design: Quantitative research method was employed in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Benue State University, Makurdi from May – June 2019.
Methodology: Duplicate groundnut samples were collected from ten market locations in Makurdi and analyzed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) quantification method.
Results: The moisture content of the groundnuts was determined, and data on Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) relating to groundnut storage were obtained using mini-questionnaires. The results obtained showed that all the sampled groundnuts were contaminated with AFB1 levels ranging from 17.3 - 35.9 parts per billion (ppb). Furthermore, we found a correlation between high moisture content and high AFB1 levels and vice-versa. The knowledge of AF among the groundnut retailers was low (<40%), and 40.91% of the sellers confirmed that groundnuts were stored for ≤one month before sale.
Conclusion: The levels of AFB1 levels in stored groundnuts are above the permissible limit of 20 ppb for stored groundnut in Nigeria. The data obtained raises concerns for food safety considering that groundnuts are widely consumed in Makurdi. Regular evaluation of AFB1 levels in food should be conducted in Nigeria.
Use of Kinaesthetic Learning Skills among Slow Learners in Physiology to Improve Their Academic Performance
Authors: Nithiya Devi R. , Palve Suchita , Palve Sachin Bhaskar , Tipandjan Arun 
Published: July 2021

Background: Kinaesthetic learning, a form of student-centric active learning technique, takes learning to the next level. Kinaesthetic learning enables better understanding and effective retention of information, especially among students who don't adapt to conventional teaching-learning techniques in large groups and isolated textbook learning.
Methodology: The present study was conducted for three consecutive years among Phase I MBBS students who needed additional curricular support. The students were divided into groups with 4 to 5 students each. They were offered topics to make either a 2D poster or a working model displayed in an exhibition cum competition. A feedback questionnaire was administered to the participants at the end of the competition.
Results: The majority of the students who participated either agreed or strongly agreed that the kinaesthetic learning technique facilitated them to read beyond the conventional textbooks and understand the concepts better. We also observed that the students reported increased confidence to face the exam. Comparing the marks scored by the participants and the non-participants, the students who participated in the kinaesthetic learning exercise scored significantly higher than the non-participants (p=0.002)
Discussion: Kinaesthetic learning skills using 2D posters and 3D working models preparation helped to improve the academic performance among students in need of additional curricular care by enhancing their critical thinking skills and team-building capacity.
Brain Targeting Through Intranasal Route: An Overview
Authors: Anusha Sorakayala Venkata , Ratna Jonnala , Swarnalatha Srirama , Vidyavathi Maruvajala 
Published: July 2021

Brain targeting has always been challenging due to the presence of physiological barriers by Changing the integrity of these barriers, so as to allow the toxic substances, bacteria and viruses into the brain, Which may severely damage the central nervous system .This problem can be reduced by delivering drugs through the intra nasal route, which by passes the blood brain barrier and reaches into the brain. Nasal route is a non-invasive type, widely used for the local treatment as well as used for systemic therapy as drug delivery directly goes in to systemic circulation. Nasal route provides good absorption of small molecules compared to that of large molecules, absorption of small molecules and large molecules can be increased by absorption promoters. Different drug delivery devices are developed for nasal administration like liquids, semi-solid and solid formulation are consider to deliver the drugs to treat most of the CNS diseases (i.e. Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s disease) because it requires specific targeting of drugs to the brain. This review highlighted the challenges, approaches for brain targeting and various drug delivery systems developed with different drugs targeting to brain through nasal administration.
The Antibacterial Activity of Nanosilver Coupled Edible Plant Extracts Against Streptococcus mutans, the Cause of Dental Caries
Authors: Abdelkader Hayam S. , Alayafi Aisha A. , Ahmed Hanaa E. , Osail Rawan A. Bin 
Published: July 2021

Streptococcus mutans strains were found to have a substantial role in the development of caries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of some edible plant extracts against Streptococcus mutans isolates. Fifty oral dental plaque specimens were obtained from various dental clinics in Jeddah city from 23 males and 27 females with median ages ranging between 19.9 to 51.25 years. All isolates were subjected to microbiological, biochemical, and molecular identification. The results showed that 36.3% of the bacterial isolates were identified as Streptococcus mutans, 4.5% as Streptococcus gallolyticus, and 4.5% as Staphylococcus aureus followed by two Yeast species Candida albicans (45.4%) and Candida glabrata (9.0%). The PCR products of the size of 600 and 517 bp DNA fragments were successfully amplified from 16S rRNA and glucosyltransferase gene (gtfb) from the S. mutans isolates and reference strain ATCC25175. The gtfb sequences were submitted to NCBI and assigned accessions MW491783, MW491784, MW491785, and MW491786. Six plant extracts (Guava leaves, Olive Leaves, Clove, Garlic, Green Ginger, and Cinnamon), Nanosilver 12 nm, and commercial kinds of toothpaste: 15% Sensodyne multi-care and 15% Aloe fresh – menta crystal were evaluated against the S. mutans isolates by agar well diffusion test. Most plant extracts tested exhibited considerable inhibitory effects when coupled with Nanosilver 12 nm (1:1). Clove/SNP; 106.8±4.95, and Garlic/SNP; 105.3±3.2) had the greatest mean values of MIC, whereas (Olive/SNP) exhibited the lowest (56.5±3.89). In conclusion, although there are lot of studies on edible plant extracts, incorporating nanoparticles can synergistically increase its antibacterial effectiveness.
ADP‐heptose enables Helicobacter pylori to exploit macrophages as a survival niche by suppressing antigen‐presenting HLA‐II expression
Authors: Coletta Sara , Battaggia Greta , Della Bella Chiara , Furlani Matteo , Hauke Martina , Faass Larissa , D’Elios Mario M. , Josenhans Christine , de Bernard Marina 
Published: July 2021

The persistence of Helicobacter pylori in the human gastric mucosa implies that the immune response fails to clear the infection. We found that H. pylori compromises the antigen presentation ability of macrophages, because of the decline of the presenting molecules HLA‐II. Here, we reveal that the main bacterial factor responsible for this effect is ADP‐heptose, an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthetic pathway of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that elicits a pro‐inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells. In macrophages, it upregulates the expression of miR146b which, in turn, would downmodulate CIITA, the master regulator for HLA‐II genes. Hence, H. pylori, utilizing ADP‐heptose, exploits a specific arm of macrophage response to establish its survival niche in the face of the immune defense elicited in the gastric mucosa.
Progressive NO2 Sensors with Rapid Alarm and Persistent Memory‐Type Responses for Wide‐Range Sensing Using Antimony Triselenide Nanoflakes
Authors: Kim Young Been , Jung Sung Hyeon , Kim Dong Su , Deshpande Nishad G. , Suh Hee Won , Lee Hak Hyeon , Choi Ji Hoon , Lee Ho Seong , Cho Hyung Koun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAntimony triselenide (Sb2Se3) nanoflake‐based nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensors exhibit a progressive bifunctional gas‐sensing performance, with a rapid alarm for hazardous highly concentrated gases, and an advanced memory‐type function for low‐concentration (<1 ppm) monitoring repeated under potentially fatal exposure. Rectangular and cuboid shaped Sb2Se3 nanoflakes, comprising van der Waals planes with large surface areas and covalent bond planes with small areas, can rapidly detect a wide range of NO2 gas concentrations from 0.1 to 100 ppm. These Sb2Se3 nanoflakes are found to be suitable for physisorption‐based gas sensing owing to their anisotropic quasi‐2D crystal structure with extremely enlarged van der Waals planes, where they are humidity‐insensitive and consequently exhibit an extremely stable baseline current. The Sb2Se3 nanoflake sensor exhibits a room‐temperature/low‐voltage operation, which is noticeable owing to its low energy consumption and rapid response even under a NO2 gas flow of only 1 ppm. As a result, the Sb2Se3 nanoflake sensor is suitable for the development of a rapid alarm system. Furthermore, the persistent gas‐sensing conductivity of the sensor with a slow decaying current can enable the development of a progressive memory‐type sensor that retains the previous signal under irregular gas injection at low concentrations.
Electrostatic Control of the Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in Ion‐Gated Nanotransistors
Authors: Prete Domenic , Dimaggio Elisabetta , Demontis Valeria , Zannier Valentina , Rodriguez‐Douton Maria Jesus , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Beltram Fabio , Sorba Lucia , Pennelli Giovanni , Rossella Francesco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSemiconductor nanostructures have raised much hope for the implementation of high‐performance thermoelectric generators. Indeed, they are expected to make available reduced thermal conductivity without a heavy trade‐off on electrical conductivity, a key requirement to optimize the thermoelectric figure of merit. Here, a novel nanodevice architecture is presented in which ionic liquids are employed as thermally‐insulating gate dielectrics. These devices allow the field‐effect control of electrical transport in suspended semiconducting nanowires in which thermal conductivity can be simultaneously measured using an all‐electrical setup. The resulting experimental data on electrical and thermal transport properties taken on individual nanodevices can be combined to extract ZT, guide device optimization and dynamical tuning of the thermoelectric properties.
Compositional Patterning in Carbon Implanted Titania Nanotubes
Authors: Kupferer Astrid , Holm Alexander , Lotnyk Andriy , Mändl Stephan , Mayr Stefan G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRanging from novel solar cells to smart biosensors, titania nanotube arrays constitute a highly functional material for various applications. A promising route to modify material characteristics while preserving the amorphous nanotube structure is present when applying low‐energy ion implantation. In this study, the interplay of phenomenological effects observed upon implantation of low fluences in the unique 3D structure is reported: sputtering versus readsorption and plastic flow, amorphization versus crystallization and compositional patterning. Patterning within the oxygen and carbon subsystem is revealed using transmission electron microscopy. By applying a Cahn–Hilliard approach within the framework of driven alloys, characteristic length scales are derived and it is demonstrated that compositional patterning is expected on free enthalpy grounds, as predicted by density functional theory based ab initio calculations. Hence, an attractive material with increased conductivity for advanced devices is provided.
Intermolecular [5+2] Annulation between 1‐Indanones and Internal Alkynes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed C–C Activation
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xia Ying , Dong Guangbin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a [5+2] cycloaddition between readily accessible 1‐indanones and internal alkynes through Rh‐catalyzed activation of less strained C−C bonds. The reaction is enabled by a strongly σ‐donating NHC ligand and a carefully modified temporary directing group. A wide range of functional groups is tolerated, and the method provides straightforward access to diverse benzocycloheptenones that are hard to access otherwise. DFT studies of the reaction mechanism imply the migration insertion as the turnover‐limiting step and suggest beneficial π–π interactions in the transition states.
Evaluation of Naturally Occurring HIF‐1 Inhibitors for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Arai Midori A. , Sakuraba Kota , Makita Yoshinori , Hara Yasumasa , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and severe progressive disorder characterized by high pulmonary artery pressure. Chronic hypoxia causes a metabolic disorder and the Warburg effect in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is a key enzyme in Warburg effect increased by hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1). We constructed a cell‐based luciferase assay system for HIF‐1 inhibitors. Using this system, six HIF‐1 inhibitors were identified. Among these inhibitors, the effect of tagitinin C (1) on PASMC was investigated. Tagitinin C (1) clearly decreased the amount of HIF‐1β and the HIF‐1 target PDK1. This result indicates that HIF‐1 inhibitors effectively decrease PDK1 activity, which is a cause of the metabolic disorder and Warburg effect observed in PASMCs. Identifying naturally occurring HIF‐1 inhibitors could provide novel insights into the development of PAH medications.
Radiolytic Approach for Efficient, Selective and Catalyst‐free CO2 Conversion at Room Temperature
Authors: Hu Changjiang , Al Gharib Sarah , Wang Yunlong , Gan Pingping , Li Qiuhao , Denisov Sergey A. , Le Caer Sophie , Belloni Jacqueline , Ma Jun , Mostafavi Mehran 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study proposes a new approach for direct CO2 conversion using primary radicals from water irradiation. In order to ensure reduction of CO2 into CO2−. by all the primary radiation‐induced water radicals, we use formate ions to scavenge simultaneously the parent oxidizing radicals H. and OH. producing the same transient CO2−. radicals. Conditions are optimized to obtain the highest conversion yield of CO2. The goal is achieved under mild conditions of room temperature, neutral pH and 1 atm of CO2 pressure. All the available radicals are exploited for selectively converting CO2 into oxalate that is accompanied by H2 evolution. The mechanism presented accounts for the results and also sheds light on the data in the literature. The radiolytic approach is a mild and scalable route of direct CO2 capture at the source in industry and the products, oxalate salt and H2, can be easily separated.