bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole Blood Thrombin Generation in Severely Injured Patients Requiring Massive Transfusion
Authors: Coleman Julia R. , Moore Ernest E. , Samuels Jason M. , Cohen Mitchell J. , Silliman Christopher C. , Ghasabyan Arsen , Chandler James , Butenas Saulius 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Despite the prevalence of hypocoagulability after injury, the majority of trauma patients paradoxically present with elevated thrombin generation (TG). Although several studies have examined plasma TG post injury, this has not been assessed in whole blood. We hypothesize that whole blood TG is lower in hypocoagulopathy, and TG effectively predicts massive transfusion (MT).

STUDY DESIGN:
Blood was collected from trauma activation patients at an urban Level I trauma center. Whole blood TG was performed with a prototype point-of-care device. Whole blood TG values in healthy volunteers were compared with trauma patients, and TG values were examined in trauma patients with shock and MT requirement.

RESULTS:
Overall, 118 patients were included. Compared with healthy volunteers, trauma patients overall presented with more robust TG; however, those arriving in shock (n = 23) had a depressed TG, with significantly lower peak thrombin (88.3 vs 133.0 nM; p = 0.01) and slower maximum rate of TG (27.4 vs 48.3 nM/min; p = 0.04). Patients who required MT (n = 26) had significantly decreased TG, with a longer lag time (median 4.8 vs 3.9 minutes, p = 0.04), decreased peak thrombin (median 71.4 vs 124.2 nM; p = 0.0003), and lower maximum rate of TG (median 15.8 vs 39.4 nM/min; p = 0.01). Area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) analysis revealed lag time (AUROC 0.6), peak thrombin (AUROC 0.7), and maximum rate of TG (AUROC 0.7) predict early MT.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data challenge the prevailing bias that all trauma patients present with elevated TG and highlight that deficient thrombin contributes to the hypocoagulopathic phenotype of trauma-induced coagulopathy. In addition, whole blood TG predicts MT, suggesting point-of-care whole blood TG can be a useful tool for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in trauma.
Building biorepositories in the midst of a pandemic
Authors: Croker Jennifer A. , Patel Robin , Campbell Kenneth S. , Barton-Baxter Marietta , Wallet Shannon , Firestein Gary S. , Kimberly Robert P. , Elemento Olivier 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biospecimen repositories play a vital role in enabling investigation of biologic mechanisms, identification of disease-related biomarkers, advances in diagnostic assays, recognition of microbial evolution, and characterization of new therapeutic targets for intervention. They rely on the complex integration of scientific need, regulatory oversight, quality control in collection, processing and tracking, and linkage to robust phenotype information. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified many of these considerations and illuminated new challenges, all while academic health centers were trying to adapt to unprecedented clinical demands and heightened research constraints not witnessed in over 100 years. The outbreak demanded rapid understanding of SARS-CoV-2 to develop diagnostics and therapeutics, prompting the immediate need for access to high quality, well-characterized COVID-19-associated biospecimens. We surveyed 60 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs to better understand the strategies and barriers encountered in biobanking before and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Feedback revealed a major shift in biorepository model, specimen-acquisition and consent process from a combination of investigator-initiated and institutional protocols to an enterprise-serving strategy. CTSA hubs were well equipped to leverage established capacities and expertise to quickly respond to the scientific needs of this crisis through support of institutional approaches in biorepository management.
“Motherhood Is Beautiful”: Maternalism in the West German New Women's Movement between Eroticization and Ecological Protest
Authors: Schmacks Yanara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article traces changing conceptions of maternalism in the West German New Women's Movement from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. I argue that there were two moments in which the concept of motherhood was heatedly discussed and transformed. First, from the mid-1970s onward and within the broader cultural currents of “New Inwardness” (Neue Innerlichkeit) and “New Sensuality” (Neue Sinnlichkeit)—both of which permeated the New Left—motherhood became sensualized, eroticized, and sexualized. Second, these trends were intensified and at the same time drawn into new directions after the 1986 Chernobyl catastrophe. For while the focus on female corporeality was consolidated, a growing ecofeminist strand successfully reimagined motherhood as tightly bound to nature and life itself. Serving also as a means to deal with the Nazi past, this late 1980s conception of motherhood was marked by a more pessimistic, even apocalyptic outlook.
Cunning Passages: Historiography's Ways in and out of the Nuremberg Courtroom
Authors: Priemel Kim Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStarting out from the question of how history and law relate to each other, the article traces the influence of historical interpretations in the making of the Nuremberg Trials, taking these as examples for transitional trials more generally. In trying to explain Germany's apparently aberrant historical evolution, special-path explanations forged by historians gained in prominence after 1933. Several schools of historical thought proved particularly influential, among them the Namierites in Britain, the Andler-Vermeil school of Pangermanism in France, and the so-called Kehrites who emigrated from Germany to the US. These ideas then traveled to Nuremberg where they informed the prosecutors’ understanding of German history, leaving a discernible impact on the trials’ design and dynamics. In Nuremberg's aftermath, these trial narratives would come to inform influential strands in postwar historiography, with the special path both enjoying popularity and inviting heavy criticism to the present day.
Hydrophobic interactions control the self-assembly of DNA and cellulose
Authors: Lindman Björn , Medronho Bruno , Alves Luís , Norgren Magnus , Nordenskiöld Lars 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesoxyribosenucleic acid, DNA, and cellulose molecules self-assemble in aqueous systems. This aggregation is the basis of the important functions of these biological macromolecules. Both DNA and cellulose have significant polar and nonpolar parts and there is a delicate balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. The hydrophilic interactions related to net charges have been thoroughly studied and are well understood. On the other hand, the detailed roles of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions have remained controversial. It is found that the contributions of hydrophobic interactions in driving important processes, like the double-helix formation of DNA and the aqueous dissolution of cellulose, are dominating whereas the net contribution from hydrogen bonding is small. In reviewing the roles of different interactions for DNA and cellulose it is useful to compare with the self-assembly features of surfactants, the simplest case of amphiphilic molecules. Pertinent information on the amphiphilic character of cellulose and DNA can be obtained from the association with surfactants, as well as on modifying the hydrophobic interactions by additives.
Dual Adaptive Neural Network Controller for Underactuated Systems
Authors: Zabihifar Seyed Hassan , Navvabi Hamed , Yushchenko Arkady Semenovich 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYA new stable adaptive controller based on a neural network for underactuated systems is proposed in this paper. The control scheme has been developed for two underactuated systems as examples. The Furuta pendulum and the Inertia Wheel Pendulum (IWP) have been examined in this paper. The presented approach aims to address the control problem of the given system in swing up, stabilization, and disturbance rejection. To avoid oscillations, two adaptive neural networks (ANNs) are implemented. The first one is used to approximate the equivalent control online and the second one to minimize the oscillations.
Pharmacological interventions to reduce violence in patients with schizophrenia in forensic psychiatry
Authors: Reisegger Andreas , Slamanig Rudolf , Winkler Hildegard , de Girolamo Giovanni , Carrà Giuseppe , Crocamo Cristina , Gosek Pawel , Heitzman Janusz , Salize Hans Joachim , Picchioni Marco , Wancata Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
The purpose was to systematically investigate which pharmacological strategies are effective to reduce the risk of violence among patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) in forensic settings.

Methods
For this systematic review six electronic data bases were searched. Two researchers independently screened the 6,003 abstracts resulting in 143 potential papers. These were then analyzed in detail by two independent researchers. Of these, 133 were excluded for various reasons leaving 10 articles in the present review.

Results
Of the 10 articles included, five were merely observational, and three were pre-post studies without controls. One study applied a matched case-control design and one was a non-randomized controlled trial. Clozapine was investigated most frequently, followed by olanzapine and risperidone. Often, outcome measures were specific to the study and sample sizes were small. Frequently, relevant methodological information was missing. Due to heterogeneous study designs and outcomes meta-analytic methods could not be applied.

Conclusion
Due to substantial methodological limitations it is difficult to draw any firm conclusions about the most effective pharmacological strategies to reduce the risk of violence in patents with SSD in forensic psychiatry settings. Studies applying more rigorous methods regarding case-definition, outcome measures, sample sizes, and study designs are urgently needed.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity
Authors: Chu Peter C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTwo different treatments in ocean dynamics are found between the gravity and pressure gradient force. Vertical component is 5–6 orders of magnitude larger than horizontal components for the pressure gradient force in large-scale motion, and for the gravity in any scale motion. The horizontal pressure gradient force is considered as a dominant force in oceanic motion from planetary to small scales. However, the horizontal gravity is omitted in oceanography completely. A non-dimensional C number (ratio between the horizontal gravity and the Coriolis force) is used to identify the importance of horizontal gravity in the ocean dynamics. Unexpectedly large C number with the global mean around 24 is obtained using the community datasets of the marine geoid height and ocean surface currents. New large-scale ocean dynamic equations with the real gravity are presented such as hydrostatic balance, geostrophic equilibrium, thermal wind, equipotential coordinate system, and vorticity equation.
Plk1, upregulated by HIF-2, mediates metastasis and drug resistance of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dufies Maeva , Verbiest Annelies , Cooley Lindsay S. , Ndiaye Papa Diogop , He Xingkang , Nottet Nicolas , Souleyreau Wilfried , Hagege Anais , Torrino Stephanie , Parola Julien , Giuliano Sandy , Borchiellini Delphine , Schiappa Renaud , Mograbi Baharia , Zucman-Rossi Jessica , Bensalah Karim , Ravaud Alain , Auberger Patrick , Bikfalvi Andréas , Chamorey Emmanuel , Rioux-Leclercq Nathalie , Mazure Nathalie M. , Beuselinck Benoit , Cao Yihai , Bernhard Jean Christophe , Ambrosetti Damien , Pagès Gilles 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) expression is inversely correlated with survival advantages in many cancers. However, molecular mechanisms that underlie Plk1 expression are poorly understood. Here, we uncover a hypoxia-regulated mechanism of Plk1-mediated cancer metastasis and drug resistance. We demonstrated that a HIF-2-dependent regulatory pathway drives Plk1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Mechanistically, HIF-2 transcriptionally targets the hypoxia response element of the Plk1 promoter. In ccRCC patients, high expression of Plk1 was correlated to poor disease-free survival and overall survival. Loss-of-function of Plk1 in vivo markedly attenuated ccRCC growth and metastasis. High Plk1 expression conferred a resistant phenotype of ccRCC to targeted therapeutics such as sunitinib, in vitro, in vivo, and in metastatic ccRCC patients. Importantly, high Plk1 expression was defined in a subpopulation of ccRCC patients that are refractory to current therapies. Hence, we propose a therapeutic paradigm for improving outcomes of ccRCC patients.
A human model of Batten disease shows role of CLN3 in phagocytosis at the photoreceptor–RPE interface
Authors: Tang Cynthia , Han Jimin , Dalvi Sonal , Manian Kannan , Winschel Lauren , Volland Stefanie , Soto Celia A. , Galloway Chad A. , Spencer Whitney , Roll Michael , Milliner Caroline , Bonilha Vera L. , Johnson Tyler B. , Latchney Lisa , Weimer Jill M. , Augustine Erika F. , Mink Jonathan W. , Gullapalli Vamsi K. , Chung Mina , Williams David S. , Singh Ruchira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMutations in CLN3 lead to photoreceptor cell loss in CLN3 disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by childhood-onset vision loss, neurological impairment, and premature death. However, how CLN3 mutations cause photoreceptor cell death is not known. Here, we show that CLN3 is required for phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, a cellular process essential for photoreceptor survival. Specifically, a proportion of CLN3 in human, mouse, and iPSC-RPE cells localized to RPE microvilli, the site of POS phagocytosis. Furthermore, patient-derived CLN3 disease iPSC-RPE cells showed decreased RPE microvilli density and reduced POS binding and ingestion. Notably, POS phagocytosis defect in CLN3 disease iPSC-RPE cells could be rescued by wild-type CLN3 gene supplementation. Altogether, these results illustrate a novel role of CLN3 in regulating POS phagocytosis and suggest a contribution of primary RPE dysfunction for photoreceptor cell loss in CLN3 disease that can be targeted by gene therapy.
Piezomagnetic switching and complex phase equilibria in uranium dioxide
Authors: Antonio Daniel J. , Weiss Joel T. , Shanks Katherine S. , Ruff Jacob P. C. , Jaime Marcelo , Saul Andres , Swinburne Thomas , Salamon Myron , Shrestha Keshav , Lavina Barbara , Koury Daniel , Gruner Sol M. , Andersson David A. , Stanek Christopher R. , Durakiewicz Tomasz , Smith James L. , Islam Zahirul , Gofryk Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

AbstractActinide materials exhibit strong spin–lattice coupling and electronic correlations, and are predicted to host new emerging ground states. One example is piezomagnetism and magneto-elastic memory effect in the antiferromagnetic Mott-Hubbard insulator uranium dioxide, though its microscopic nature is under debate. Here, we report X-ray diffraction studies of oriented uranium dioxide crystals under strong pulsed magnetic fields. In the antiferromagnetic state a [888] Bragg diffraction peak follows the bulk magnetostriction that expands under magnetic fields. Upon reversal of the field the expansion turns to contraction, before the [888] peak follows the switching effect and piezomagnetic ‘butterfly’ behaviour, characteristic of two structures connected by time reversal symmetry. An unexpected splitting of the [888] peak is observed, indicating the simultaneous presence of time-reversed domains of the 3-k structure and a complex magnetic-field-induced evolution of the microstructure. These findings open the door for a microscopic understanding of the piezomagnetism and magnetic coupling across strong magneto-elastic interactions.
MNSRQ: Mobile node social relationship quantification algorithm for data transmission in Internet of things
Authors: Xu Yue , Chen Zhi Gang , Wu Jia , Yu Genghua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of the Internet of things has led to the explosive development of data in various fields. Traditional routing protocols cannot effectively handle the reception and transmission of data. This makes it difficult to exchange and transmit information in the Internet of things. Therefore, the choice of data transmission methods is particularly important. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a data transmission mechanism based on social relationships, namely, the mobile node social relationship quantification (MNSRQ) algorithm, which analyses the social relationship characteristics of mobile nodes in the Internet of things, extracts decision‐making features to study the dynamics of social relationship, then combines information entropy and fuzzy clustering theory to quantify the social relationship, and then selects the relay node with strong social relationship for data transmission. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the performance of the MNSRQ algorithm is better than previous studies. Compared with epidemic algorithm, ICMT algorithm, spray and wait algorithm, and EIMST algorithm, the MNSRQ algorithm can reduce end‐to‐end transmission delay and routing overhead while maintaining the life of the network, effectively reduce energy consumption during transmission, and maintain a high data transmission success rate, with a transmission success rate of 0.7–0.9.
Materielle Deprivation und subjektive
Gesundheit: Eine Längsschnittanalyse mit den Daten
des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels
(2001–2015)
Authors: Linder Sonja , Seifert Nico , Rapp Ingmar 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Während die negative Beziehung
zwischen Armut und Gesundheit vielfach
dokumentiert wurde, ist bislang unklar, ob diese
auf soziale Verursachung oder auf indirekte oder
direkte Selektion zurückzuführen ist. Des Weiteren
wird Armut bislang meist aus dem Einkommen
abgeleitet, obwohl dieses nur gering mit den
tatsächlichen materiellen Lebensbedingungen
korreliert ist. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht
erstmals für Deutschland, ob sich materielle
Deprivation auch unter verbesserter Kontrolle von
indirekter Selektion auf die subjektive Gesundheit
auswirkt.
Methodik Die Analyse basiert auf den Daten
des für Deutschland repräsentativen
Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) der Jahre 2001
bis 2015. Das Analysesample enthält 54 995
Beobachtungen von 14 434 Männern und 60 766
Beobachtungen von 15 912 Frauen, jeweils mit einem
durchschnittlichen Alter von 50 Jahren. Zunächst
wird versucht, die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse
in gepoolten OLS- (POLS) und Random
Effects-Modellen (RE) zu bestätigen. Anschließend
werden lineare Fixed Effects-Regressionen (FE)
berechnet, um für indirekte Selektion in Armut als
Resultat von unbeobachteten zeitstabilen Merkmalen
zu kontrollieren.
Ergebnisse In den POLS-Modellen zeigt sich,
im Einklang mit früheren Studien, sowohl bei
Männern als auch bei Frauen ein negativer
Zusammenhang von materieller Deprivation und
subjektiver Gesundheit. Diese Beziehung reduziert
sich in den FE-Modellen stark. Aber auch nach
verbesserter Kontrolle von indirekter Selektion
lässt sich weiterhin eine signifikante
Verschlechterung der Gesundheit durch materielle
Deprivation feststellen, die mit steigender
Intensität der materiellen Deprivation graduell
zunimmt.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse legen nahe,
dass der negative Zusammenhang zwischen
materieller Deprivation und subjektiver Gesundheit
zu einem großen Teil durch indirekte Selektion
bedingt ist. Der im FE-Modell verbleibende
negative und graduelle Zusammenhang deutet darauf
hin, dass materielle Deprivation die Gesundheit
verschlechtert.
Artificial intelligence diagnostic system predicts multiple Lugol-voiding lesions in the esophagus and patients at high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ikenoyama Yohei , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Tokura Junki , Naito Sakiko , Namikawa Ken , Tokai Yoshitaka , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Katayama Naoyuki , Tada Tomohiro , Fujisaki Junko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background It is known that an esophagus with multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) after iodine staining is high risk for esophageal cancer; however, it is preferable to identify high-risk cases without staining because iodine causes discomfort and prolongs examination times. This study assessed the capability of an artificial intelligence (AI) system to predict multiple LVLs from images that had not been stained with iodine as well as patients at high risk for esophageal cancer.
Methods We constructed the AI system by preparing a training set of 6634 images from white-light and narrow-band imaging in 595 patients before they underwent endoscopic examination with iodine staining. Diagnostic performance was evaluated on an independent validation dataset (667 images from 72 patients) and compared with that of 10 experienced endoscopists.
Results The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI system to predict multiple LVLs were 84.4 %, 70.0 %, and 76.4 %, respectively, compared with 46.9 %, 77.5 %, and 63.9 %, respectively, for the endoscopists. The AI system had significantly higher sensitivity than 9/10 experienced endoscopists. We also identified six endoscopic findings that were significantly more frequent in patients with multiple LVLs; however, the AI system had greater sensitivity than these findings for the prediction of multiple LVLs. Moreover, patients with AI-predicted multiple LVLs had significantly more cancers in the esophagus and head and neck than patients without predicted multiple LVLs.
Conclusion The AI system could predict multiple LVLs with high sensitivity from images without iodine staining. The system could enable endoscopists to apply iodine staining more judiciously.
Ist die Desinfektion öffentlicher Flächen zur Prävention von SARS-CoV-2 – infektionen sinnvoll?
Authors: Kampf Günter , Jatzwauk Lutz 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungMaßnahmen zur Eingrenzung von SARS-CoV-2 beinhalten häufig die regelmäßige Desinfektion öffentlicher Flächen. In dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit wird dargelegt, wie häufig sich SARS-CoV-2 im Umfeld bestätigter Fälle auf Flächen nachweisen lässt. In 26 Studien zeigt sich, dass die RNA von SARS-CoV-2 zu 0 bis 100% auf Flächen im Patientenumfeld gefunden werden kann. Die 7 Studien mit mindestens 100 Proben zeigen mehrheitlich Nachweisraten zwischen 1,4 und 19%. Aus 2 weiteren Studien geht hervor, dass der Nachweis von infektiösem SARS-CoV-2 bislang von keiner Fläche gelungen ist. Vergleichbare Erkenntnisse finden sich für Flächen im Umfeld bestätigter SARS- bzw. Influenzapatienten. Eine Kontamination öffentlicher Flächen mit infektiösem SARS-CoV-2 ist durch die wenigen Virenausscheider im öffentlichen Raum, die meist kurze Kontaktzeit dieser Personen zur Fläche und die fehlende Symptomatik asymptomatischer Fälle noch weitaus unwahrscheinlicher. Außerdem wird durch das Berühren von Flächen nur ein Teil der Viruslast auf die Hände übertragen. Ein reinigendes Wischverfahren kann die Zahl infektiöser Viren bereits um ca. 2 log10-Stufen reduzieren. Deshalb sollten Flächen im öffentlichen Raum grundsätzlich gereinigt werden, da durch die breite Anwendung biozider Wirkstoffe zur Flächendesinfektion der mikrobielle Selektionsdruck ohne zu erwartenden Gesundheitsnutzen weiter ansteigt.