bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyphenated study on drying kinetics and ascorbic acid degradation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit
Authors: Rokib Sheak Nuruzzaman , Yeasmen Nushrat , Bhuiyan Md. Hafizur Rahman , Tasmim Tamanna , Aziz Mohammad Gulzarul , Alim Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Nazrul 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, insights into the effect of process parameters (temperature: 55, 60 and 65°C; thickness: 3, 5, and 8 mm; time: up to 5 hr) on drying (mechanical, solar) kinetics and sorption behavior of guava fruits (variety: local and hybrid) with a focus on the degradation of ascorbic acid (AA) were established for the first time to the best of existing knowledge. The experimental results showed the highest moisture diffusion coefficient and lower activation energy (Ea) of 0.000326 cm2/s and 9.62 kcal/g.mole, respectively for hybrid mature guava variety; whereas, the highest AA degradation rate (0.107 mg AA/hr) with lower Ea (4.3 kcal/g.mole) was obtained for local mature guava variety. Besides, a mixed‐mode solar dryer assisted with a fan seemed to be efficient for drying guava fruit in comparison to drying under direct sunlight. In terms of sorption behavior, both local and hybrid guava followed sigmoidal (type II) shape isotherm where the experimental data were well fitted with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model.Practical applicationThe drying conditions to have dried guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit with high ascorbic acid (AA) were investigated. The mathematical model was successfully applied to describe the drying kinetics and degradation of AA of guava fruit. Process parameters and methods influencing drying kinetics and AA degradation rate were detailed. BET model fits well to describe the sorption isotherms of dried guava fruit, in understanding its storage behavior. The information of this study would help in the drying process optimization of guava fruit, in order to make them available in the off‐seasons.
Hypothalamic insulin signalling as a nexus regulating mood and metabolism
Authors: Rawlinson Sasha , Andrews Zane B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInsulin has long been known as a metabolic hormone critical in the treatment of diabetes for its peripheral effects on blood glucose. However, in the last 50 years, insulin has entered the realm of neuroendocrinology and many studies have described its function on insulin receptors in the brain in relation to both metabolic and mood disorders. Indeed, rodent models of impaired insulin signalling show signs of dysregulated energy and glucose homeostasis, as well as anxiety‐like and depressive behaviours. Importantly, many metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes increase the risk of developing mood disorders; however, the brain mechanisms underlying the connection between metabolism and mood remain unresolved. We present the current literature on the importance of the insulin receptor with respect to regulating glucose and energy homeostasis and mood‐related behaviours. Specifically, we hypothesise that the insulin receptor in the hypothalamus, classically known as the homeostatic centre of the brain, plays a causal role in linking metabolic and behavioural effects of insulin signalling. In this review, we discuss insulin signalling in the hypothalamus as a critical point of neural integration controlling metabolism and mood.
Demographics and travel history of imported and autochthonous cases of leishmaniosis in dogs in the United States and Canada, 2006 to 2019
Authors: Gin Taylor Estes , Lashnits Erin , Wilson James M. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Qurollo Barbara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeishmania infantum infections are reported in foxhounds throughout the United States (US) and Canada, but only rarely in other dog breeds. A seroprevalence report from 2006 documented leishmaniosis in foxhounds (8.9%) tested in the US between 2000 and 2003. All other breeds were seronegative.ObjectiveTo reexamine demographics and travel history of L. infantum‐infected dogs in the US and Canada, we hypothesize detection of L. infantum in more foxhounds than nonfoxhounds and that infected nonfoxhounds will have traveled to endemic regions.AnimalsA total of 125 dogs positive for L. infantum by immunofluorescent antibody, PCR, or both.MethodsRetrospective, descriptive study of L. infantum‐infected dogs between 4 January 2006 and 22 May 2019. Travel history and known lineage to foxhounds was collected from questionnaires.ResultsLeishmania infantum was detected in 125 (6.4%) of 1961 dogs tested between 4 January 2006 and 22 May 2019, of which 10 (8%) were foxhounds and 115 (92%) were nonfoxhound breeds. Travel history available for 69 (55%) dogs showed 60 (86.9%) dogs had traveled outside of the US or Canada. Nine (13%) dogs had not traveled outside of the US or Canada, 5 of which were nonfoxhounds.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe majority of L. infantum cases were detected in nonfoxhounds, many of which had traveled to L. infantum‐endemic countries, and several nonfoxhound breeds had no travel history. Leishmania surveillance should be considered for dogs that return from L. infantum‐endemic regions to monitor emergence of this zoonotic disease in the US and Canada.
Clinical features and outcome of dogs and cats with bidirectional and continuous right‐to‐left shunting patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Greet Victoria , Bode Elizabeth F. , Dukes‐McEwan Joanna , Oliveira Pedro , Connolly David J. , Sargent Julia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies describing the clinical progression of animals with reverse patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are lacking.ObjectivesTo describe the signalment, presenting signs, echocardiographic features, and survival in a group of dogs and cats with bidirectional and continuous right‐to‐left PDA.AnimalsForty‐six client‐owned animals included, comprising 43 dogs and 3 cats with bidirectional or continuous right‐to‐left PDA.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study. Medical records and echocardiographic findings reviewed from animals diagnosed with bidirectional or continuous right‐to‐left PDA. Impact of ductal morphology, spectral Doppler flow profile, PCV, sildenafil treatment at presentation, sildenafil dose, severity of pulmonary hypertension, general anesthesia with or without surgery and the presence of right‐sided congestive heart failure (R‐CHF) on crude mortality rate were evaluated via Mantel‐Cox log rank comparison of Kaplan‐Meier survival curves. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed, and hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) was presented.ResultsHindlimb collapse was the most common presenting sign in dogs (n = 16). Clinical signs in cats were variable. Median survival time was 626 days in dogs (range 1‐3628 days). Dogs with R‐CHF had a shorter median survival time (58 days vs 1839 days,P= .03). Dogs treated with sildenafil at initial presentation survived longer (1839 days vs 302 days,P= .03), which was the only independent predictor of survival (HR 0.35, CI 0.15‐0.86,P= 0.021).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs and cats with reverse PDA have a variable clinical presentation and prognosis. Survival time was longer in animals prescribed sildenafil at diagnosis. Dogs with R‐CHF at presentation have a worse overall outcome.
The use of virtual physician mentoring to enhance home dialysis knowledge and uptake
Authors: Ashley Justin , Abra Graham , Schiller Brigitte , Bennett Paul N. , Mehr Ali Poyan , Bargman Joanne M. , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHome dialysis therapies are flexible kidney replacement strategies with documented clinical benefits. While the incidence of end‐stage kidney disease continues to increase globally, the use of home dialysis remains low in most developed countries. Multiple barriers to providing home dialysis have been noted in the published literature. Among known challenges, gaps in clinician knowledge are potentially addressable with a focused education strategy. Recent national surveys in the United States and Australia have highlighted the need for enhanced home dialysis knowledge especially among nephrologists who have recently completed training. Traditional in‐person continuing professional educational programmes have had modest success in promoting home dialysis and are limited by scale and the present global COVID‐19 pandemic. We hypothesize that the use of a ‘Hub and Spoke’ model of virtual home dialysis mentorship for nephrologists based on project ECHO would support home dialysis growth. We review the home dialysis literature, known educational gaps and plausible educational interventions to address current limitations in physician education.
Lifetime genealogical divergence within plants leads to epigenetic mosaicism in the shrub Lavandula latifolia (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Herrera Carlos M. , Bazaga Pilar , Pérez Ricardo , Alonso Conchita 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Epigenetic mosaicism is a possible source of within‐plant phenotypic heterogeneity, yet its frequency and developmental origin remain unexplored. This study examines whether extant epigenetic heterogeneity within Lavandula latifolia (Lamiaceae) shrubs reflects recent epigenetic modifications experienced independently by different plant parts or, alternatively, it is the cumulative outcome of a steady lifetime process.

Leaf samples from different architectural modules (branch tips) were collected from three L. latifolia plants and characterized epigenetically by global DNA cytosine methylation and methylation state of methylation‐sensitive amplified fragment‐length polymorphism (MS‐AFLP) markers. Epigenetic characteristics of modules were then assembled with information on the branching history of plants. Methods borrowed from phylogenetic research were used to assess genealogical signal of extant epigenetic variation and reconstruct within‐plant genealogical trajectory of epigenetic traits.

Plants were epigenetically heterogeneous, as shown by differences among modules in global DNA methylation and variation in the methylation states of 6 to 8% of MS‐AFLP markers. All epigenetic features exhibited significant genealogical signal within plants. Events of epigenetic divergence occurred throughout the lifespan of individuals and were subsequently propagated by branch divisions.

Internal epigenetic diversification of L. latifolia individuals took place steadily during their development, a process which eventually led to persistent epigenetic mosaicism.
Utility of collaborative GIS for maritime spatial planning: Design and evaluation of Baltic Explorer
Authors: Koski Christian , Rönneberg Mikko , Kettunen Pyry , Eliasen Søren , Hansen Henning Sten , Oksanen Juha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaritime spatial planning (MSP) needs tools to facilitate discussions and manage spatial data in collaborative workshops that involve actors with various backgrounds and expertise. However, the reported use of spatial tools in real‐world MSP is sparse. A better understanding is needed of how geographic information systems (GIS) can effectively support collaboration in MSP. We studied the utility of GIS tools for collaborative MSP in five steps: first, identifying shortcomings in available GIS for supporting collaborative MSP; second, defining requirements for an effective collaborative GIS (CGIS) for MSP; third, designing and developing a prototype CGIS, Baltic Explorer; fourth, demonstrating the system; and fifth, evaluating the system. In a real‐world MSP workshop, we demonstrated that the functionalities of Baltic Explorer can support and facilitate discussions in collaborative work. We also found that more research is needed about the use of spatial data in collaborative MSP and integration of model‐based geospatial analysis into CGIS.
Polycythaemia vera: molecular genetics, diagnostics and therapeutics
Authors: Putter Jeffrey S. , Seghatchian Jerard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolycythaemia vera is one of several classical myeloproliferative neoplasms that may occur in a juvenile onset or late‐onset adult forms. It is linked to specific genetic mutations that cause a deleterious elevation in the patient’s red cell mass. The discourse on genetics includes an exposé on the molecular biology of the disease and how a shared JAK2 V617F mutation can co‐exist among three distinct neoplasms. Concepts of genetics and immunology help define the origin and behaviour of the disease: the tracking of allele burdens of mutations (genetic dosage), the timing or order of acquired mutations, the import of bystander mutations and the onco‐inflammatory response; all theories are invoked to explain the progression of disease severity and potential transformational leukaemia. The World Health Organization’s diagnostic criteria are accessed to focus on the subtleties of the Hb laboratories and sifting through the challenging listing of differential diagnoses that mimic PV, and our report includes an overview of manual and automated phlebotomy (erythrocytapheresis) procedures, enumerating their clinical indications, significance of temporary phlebotomy resistance and optimizing safety/ efficacy, quality and cost. Stratification of low and high‐risk disease distinguishes when to commence chemo‐cytoreductive therapy in the high‐risk patient to prevent thrombotic complications. Drug resistance is circumvented by artfully switching drugs or using novel drug designs.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Evelyn Angelia 
Published: February 2021

Applied Finance and Accounting [AFA] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AFA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Aderaw Gashayie Ayaliew, Higher institution, EthiopiaAnastasia Kopaneli, University of Patras, GreeceAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyGheorghe Morosan, Stefan Cel Mare University Suceava Romania, RomaniaHaitham Nobanee, Abu Dhabi University, UAEHajar Jahangard , Central Bank of Iran(CBI), IranJayendra S. Gokhale, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, USAMarco Muscettola, Independent researcher, ItalyMawih Kareem Alani, Dhofar University, OmanShahram Fattahi, Razi University,, IranYu Peng Lin, University of Detroit Mercy, USA Angelia EvelynEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Finance and AccountingRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://afa.redfame.com
Investigation of a Rotor Blade With Tip Cooling Subject to a Nonuniform Temperature Profile
Authors: Kahveci Harika S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the challenges in the design of a high-pressure turbine blade is that a considerable amount of cooling is required so that the blade can survive high temperature levels during engine operation. Another challenge is that the addition of cooling should not adversely affect blade aerodynamic performance. The typical flat tips used in designs have evolved into squealer form that implements rims on the tip, which has been reported in several studies to achieve better heat transfer characteristics as well as to decrease pressure losses at the tip. This paper demonstrates a numerical study focusing on a squealer turbine blade tip that is operating in a turbine environment matching the typical design ratios of pressure, temperature, and coolant blowing. The blades rotate at a realistic rpm and are subjected to a turbine rotor inlet temperature profile that has a nonuniform shape. For comparison, a uniform profile is also considered as it is typically used in computational studies for simplicity. The effect of tip cooling is investigated by implementing seven holes on the tip near the blade pressure side. Results confirm that the temperature profile nonuniformity and the addition of cooling are the drivers for loss generation, and they further increase losses when combined. Temperature profile migration is not pronounced with a uniform profile but shows distinct features with a nonuniform profile for which hot gas migration toward the blade pressure side is observed. The blade tip also receives higher coolant coverage when subject to the nonuniform profile.
Frequent amplification of HDAC genes and efficacy of HDAC inhibitor chidamide and PD-1 blockade combination in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Que Yi , Zhang Xiao-Long , Liu Ze-Xian , Zhao Jing-Jing , Pan Qiu-Zhong , Wen Xi-Zhi , Xiao Wei , Xu Bu-Shu , Hong Dong-Chun , Guo Tian-Hui , Shen Lu-Jun , Fan Wei-Jun , Chen Huo-Ying , Weng De-Sheng , Xu Hai-Rong , Zhou Peng-Hui , Zhang Yi-Zhuo , Niu Xiao-Hui , Zhang Xing 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe advent of immune checkpoint therapy has been a tremendous advance in cancer treatment. However, the responses are still insufficient in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS). We aimed to identify rational combinations to increase the response to immune checkpoint therapy and improve survival.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 11 patients with liposarcoma. Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) were analyzed at the gene level to identify obvious amplification patterns in drug-target genes. The expression and prognostic value of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) was evaluated in 49 patients with sarcoma in our center and confirmed in 263 sarcoma samples from The Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Q-PCR, flow cytometry and RNA-seq were performed to determine the correlations between class I HDACs, chidamide and PD-L1 in vitro and in vivo. The efficacy of combining chidamide with PD-1 blockade was explored in an immunocompetent murine model and a small cohort of patients with advanced sarcoma. Western blot, ChIP assay and dual luciferase assessment were applied in the mechanistic study.ResultsThe HDAC gene family was frequently amplified in STS. SCNAs in the HDAC gene family were extensively amplified in 8 of 11 (73%) patients with liposarcoma, based on a drug-target gene set, and we verified amplification in 76.65% (197/257) of cases by analyzing TCGA sarcoma cohort. Class I HDAC expression is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with STS, and its inhibition is responsible for promoting apoptosis and upregulating of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The HDAC class I inhibitor chidamide significantly increases PD-L1 expression, increased the infiltration of CD8+T cells and reduced the number of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. The combination of chidamide with an anti-PD-1 antibody significantly promotes tumor regression and improves survival in a murine model. Moreover, chidamide combined with the anti-PD-1 antibody toripalimab is effective in patients with advanced and metastatic sarcoma, and the side effects are tolerable. Mechanistically, chidamide increases histone acetylation at the PD-L1 gene through the activation of the transcriptional factor STAT1.ConclusionsThe combination of chidamide and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy represents a potentially important strategy for STS.
Physical Activity after Cardiac EventS (PACES): a group education programme with subsequent text message support designed to increase physical activity in individuals with diagnosed coronary heart disease: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Herring Louisa Y , Dallosso Helen , Schreder Sally , Smith Emily J , Waheed Ghazala , Gray Laura J , Khunti Kamlesh , Yates Thomas , Highton Patrick J , Rowlands Alex V , Hudson Ian , Seidu Samuel , Davies Melanie J 
Published: February 2021

AimTo assess the effectiveness of a low-cost pragmatic intervention (structured education and ongoing text message support) to increase daily physical activity in participants 12–48 months after a coronary heart disease cardiac event (myocardial infarction, angina or acute coronary syndrome) diagnosis.MethodsA single-centre randomised controlled trial of 291 adults randomised to a structured education programme (n=145) or usual care (n=146). The programme consisted of two 2.5 hour sessions delivered 2 weeks apart, followed by supplementary text message support. The GENEActiv accelerometer assessed the primary outcome at 12 months (change in overall physical activity (expressed in milli gravitational (mg) units) from baseline). Secondary outcomes included anthropometric, physical function, cardiovascular, biochemical and patient-reported outcome measures. Linear regression was used to compare outcome measures between groups on a modified intention-to-treat basis.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 66.5±9.7 years, 84.5% males, 82.5% white British and 15.5% south Asian. At 12 months, there was no difference between the groups in terms of change in overall physical activity (−0.23 mg(95% CI −1.22 to 0.75), p=0.64) and the programme was well accepted (88% attendance). Exploratory analyses showed that average moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels increased in individuals not meeting physical activity guidelines (≥150 min per week) on enrolment compared with those who did, by 8 minutes per day (8.04 (95% CI 0.99 to 15.10), p=0.03).ConclusionThe programme was well attended but showed no change in physical activity levels. Results show high baseline MVPA levels and suggest that Physical Activity after Cardiac EventS education may benefit cardiac patients not currently meeting activity guidelines.Trial registration numberISRCTN91163727.
Herpetofauna assemblage in two watershed areas of Kumoan Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Ahmed Kaleem , Khan Jamal A. 
Published: February 2021

We surveyed herpetofauna along the poorly-explored region of two watersheds of Kumoan Himalaya, Dabka and Khulgarh. Adaptive cluster method was used to collect forest floor reptiles, and stream transect was used for stream reptiles and amphibians. In total, 18 species of reptiles were recorded in two watersheds, with 15 and nine species recorded in Dabka and Khulgarh, respectively. Forest floor density of reptiles was 87.5/ha in Dabka and 77.7/ha in Khulgarh. In terms of species, Asymblepharus ladacensis and Lygosoma punctatus density were highest in Dabka and Khulgarh, respectively. Eight species of amphibians were recorded in Dabka with a density of 9.4/ha and four species in Khulgarh with density of 5.2/ha. In both watersheds, density of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis was highest. Reptilian and amphibian diversity of Dabka was 1.52 and 1.23, respectively, and in Khulgarh 0.43 and 0.23, respectively. In both watersheds reptile density, diversity and richness decreased with increasing elevation. Reptile density showed a weak correlation with microhabitat features such as litter cover, litter depth, and soil moisture in both watersheds. Amphibian density was positively correlated with soil moisture, litter cover, and litter depth. Comparison showed that Dabka is richer and more diverse than Khulgarh, presumably because of the undisturbed habitat, broad and slow stream, and deeper forest litter of the former.