bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reagent Filming for Universal Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics
Authors: Han Gyeo‐Re , Jang Hyungjun , Ki Hangil , Lee Hoyeon , Kim Min‐Gon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSimplifying assays while maintaining the robustness of reagents is a challenge in diagnostics. This problem is exacerbated when translating quality diagnostic assays to developing countries that lack resources and infrastructure such as trained health workers, high‐end equipment, and cold‐chain systems. To solve this problem, in this study, a simple solution that films assay reagents to simplify the operation of diagnostic assays and preserve the stability of diagnostic reagents without using cold chains is presented. A polyvinyl‐alcohol‐based water‐soluble film is used to encapsulate premeasured and premixed reagents. The reagent film, produced through a simple and scalable cast‐drying process, provides a glassy inner matrix with abundant hydroxyl groups that can stabilize various reagents (ranging from chemicals to biological materials) by restricting molecular mobility and generating hydrogen bonds. The reagent film is applied to an enzymatic glucose assay, a high‐sensitivity immunoassay for cardiac troponin, and a molecular assay for viral RNA detection, to test its practicability and universal applicability. The film‐based assays result in excellent analytical/diagnostic performance and stable long‐term reagent storage at elevated temperatures (at 25 or 37 °C, for six months), demonstrating clinical readiness. This technology advances the development and distribution of affordable high‐quality diagnostics to resource‐limited regions.
Development and Characterization of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom—Wheat Bread
Authors: Losoya‐Sifuentes Carolina , Simões Lívia Souza , Cruz Mario , Rodriguez‐Jasso Rosa Maria , Loredo‐Treviño Araceli , Teixeira Jose Antonio , Nobre Clarisse , Belmares Ruth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom is a source of high nutritional value and bioactive compounds such as β‐glucans, with immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and prebiotic activity. The aim of this work is to develop a bread with P. ostreatus powder (POP) to increase its nutritional value and reduce its glycemic index. Four formulations are proposed substituting 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of wheat flour (w/w) for POP in the bread. Their physical and nutritional characteristics were evaluated. In addition to determining the glycemic index and the in vitro digestion of starch in the proposed formulations. Results shown that with the addition of POP the specific volume of the bread decreased, and it became darker. The nutritional value of the bread is enriched, since the content on proteins, fiber, and minerals increased. The results of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion demonstrated that bread supplemented with POP showed more optimal starch digestibility with slower digestion rate, lower eGI, and RDS contents, which could bring health benefits to humans. These findings suggest that the mushroom powder is an excellent alternative to produce bread with improved nutritional quality and decreased glycemic index.
Bilateral calcaneal epiphysiolysis in a Dobermann puppy presenting for a unilateral femoral fracture
Authors: Gall Nick , Boiocchi Silvia , Bourbos Alexandros 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 9‐month‐old male entire Dobermann weighing 30 kg presented to our hospital for complications following previous fixation of a comminuted fracture of the proximal left femoral diaphysis. On presentation, the dog had a marked thickening of the calcaneus and hyperflexion of tarsi bilaterally; however, no discomfort was elicited on manipulation of the joint. Radiographs showed evidence of calcaneal epiphysiolysis. The femoral fracture was treated with revision surgery. The dog had an excellent recovery and the femoral fracture healed without further complications. Calcaneal epiphysiolysis is an infrequently reported orthopedic condition of growing dogs, affecting the physis of tuber calcis in the Dobermann and Rottweiler. There are very few reported cases of calcaneal epiphysiolysis in dogs, with none as yet being reported in the United Kingdom.
The Markov gap for geometric reflected entropy
Authors: Hayden Patrick , Parrikar Onkar , Sorce Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The reflected entropy SR(A : B) of a density matrix ρAB is a bipartite correlation measure lower-bounded by the quantum mutual information I(A : B). In holographic states satisfying the quantum extremal surface formula, where the reflected entropy is related to the area of the entanglement wedge cross-section, there is often an order-N2 gap between SR and I. We provide an information-theoretic interpretation of this gap by observing that SR− I is related to the fidelity of a particular Markov recovery problem that is impossible in any state whose entanglement wedge cross-section has a nonempty boundary; for this reason, we call the quantity SR− I the Markov gap. We then prove that for time-symmetric states in pure AdS3 gravity, the Markov gap is universally lower bounded by log(2)ℓAdS/2GN times the number of endpoints of the cross-section. We provide evidence that this lower bound continues to hold in the presence of bulk matter, and comment on how it might generalize above three bulk dimensions. Finally, we explore the Markov recovery problem controlling SR− I using fixed area states. This analysis involves deriving a formula for the quantum fidelity — in fact, for all the sandwiched Rényi relative entropies — between fixed area states with one versus two fixed areas, which may be of independent interest. We discuss, throughout the paper, connections to the general theory of multipartite entanglement in holography.
Probing CP violation in photon self-interactions with cavities
Authors: Gorghetto Marco , Perez Gilad , Savoray Inbar , Soreq Yotam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper we study CP violation in photon self-interactions at low energy. These interactions, mediated by the effective operator $$ FFF\tilde{F} $$
FFF

F
˜

, where ($$ \tilde{F} $$

F
˜

) F is the (dual) electromagnetic field strength, have yet to be directly probed experimentally. Possible sources for such interactions are weakly coupled light scalars with both scalar and pseudoscalar couplings to photons (for instance, complex Higgs-portal scalars or the relaxion), or new light fermions coupled to photons via dipole operators. We propose a method to isolate the CP-violating contribution to the photon self-interactions using Superconducting Radio-Frequency cavities and vacuum birefringence experiments. In addition, we consider several theoretical and experimental indirect bounds on the scale of new physics associated with the above effective operator, and present projections for the sensitivity of the proposed experiments to this scale. We also discuss the implications of these bounds on the CP-violating couplings of new light particles coupled to photons.
From locality and unitarity to cosmological correlators
Authors: Jazayeri Sadra , Pajer Enrico , Stefanyszyn David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the standard approach to deriving inflationary predictions, we evolve a vacuum state in time according to the rules of a given model. Since the only observables are the future values of correlators and not their time evolution, this brings about a large degeneracy: a vast number of different models are mapped to the same minute number of observables. Furthermore, due to the lack of time-translation invariance, even tree-level calculations require an increasing number of nested integrals that quickly become intractable. Here we ask how much of the final observables can be “bootstrapped” directly from locality, unitarity and symmetries.To this end, we introduce two new “boostless” bootstrap tools to efficiently compute tree-level cosmological correlators/wavefunctions without any assumption about de Sitter boosts. The first is a Manifestly Local Test (MLT) that any n-point (wave)function of massless scalars or gravitons must satisfy if it is to arise from a manifestly local theory. When combined with a sub-set of the recently proposed Bootstrap Rules, this allows us to compute explicitly all bispectra to all orders in derivatives for a single scalar. Since we don’t invoke soft theorems, this can also be extended to multi-field inflation. The second is a partial energy recursion relation that allows us to compute exchange correlators. Combining a bespoke complex shift of the partial energies with Cauchy’s integral theorem and the Cosmological Optical Theorem, we fix exchange correlators up to a boundary term. The latter can be determined up to contact interactions using unitarity and manifest locality. As an illustration, we use these tools to bootstrap scalar inflationary trispectra due to graviton exchange and inflaton self-interactions.
Influence of metal working fluid on chip formation and mechanical loads in orthogonal cutting
Authors: Denkena Berend , Krödel Alexander , Ellersiek Lars 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal working fluids are used in machining processes of many hard-to-cut materials to increase tool life and productivity. Thereby, the metal working fluids act on the thermal and on the mechanical loads of the tool. The changing mechanical loads can mostly be attributed to the changing friction between rake face and chip and changes in the chip formation, e.g., the contact length between rake face and chip. However, analyzing those effects is challenging, since a detailed look at the chip formation process is prevented by the metal working fluid. In this paper, a novel planing test rig is presented, which enables high-speed recordings of the machining process and process force measurements while using metal working fluids. Experiments reveal that process forces are reduced with increasing pressure of the metal working fluid. However, the average friction coefficient only changes slightly, which indicates that the reduced process forces are mainly the result of reduced contact lengths between rake face and chip.
Principles of dose-setting in toxicology studies: the importance of kinetics for ensuring human safety
Authors: Borgert C. J. , Fuentes C. , Burgoon L. D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRegulatory toxicology seeks to ensure that exposures to chemicals encountered in the environment, in the workplace, or in products pose no significant hazards and produce no harm to humans or other organisms, i.e., that chemicals are used safely. The most practical and direct means of ensuring that hazards and harms are avoided is to identify the doses and conditions under which chemical toxicity does not occur so that chemical concentrations and exposures can be appropriately limited. Modern advancements in pharmacology and toxicology have revealed that the rates and mechanisms by which organisms absorb, distribute, metabolize and eliminate chemicals—i.e., the field of kinetics—often determine the doses and conditions under which hazard, and harm, are absent, i.e., the safe dose range. Since kinetics, like chemical hazard and toxicity, are extensive properties that depend on the amount of the chemical encountered, it is possible to identify the maximum dose under which organisms can efficiently metabolize and eliminate the chemicals to which they are exposed, a dose that has been referred to as the kinetic maximum dose, or KMD. This review explains the rationale that compels regulatory toxicology to embrace the advancements made possible by kinetics, why understanding the kinetic relationship between the blood level produced and the administered dose of a chemical is essential for identifying the safe dose range, and why dose-setting in regulatory toxicology studies should be informed by estimates of the KMD rather than rely on the flawed concept of maximum-tolerated toxic dose, or MTD.
Urothelial cancer organoids: a tool for bladder cancer research
Authors: Meijer R. P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer ranks among the top ten most common tumor types worldwide and represents a growing healthcare problem, accounting for a large part of total healthcare costs. Chemotherapy is effective in a subset of patients, while causing severe side effects. Tumor pathogenesis and drug resistance mechanisms are largely unknown. Precision medicine is failing in bladder cancer, as bladder tumors are genetically and molecularly very heterogeneous. Currently, therapeutic decision-making depends on assessing a single fragment of surgically acquired tumor tissue.

Objective
New preclinical model systems for bladder cancer are indispensable for developing therapeutic strategies tailored to individual patient and tumor characteristics. Organoids are small 3D tissue cultures that simulate small-size organs “in a dish” and tumoroids are a special type of cancer organoid (i.e., malignant tissue).

Materials and methods
Since 2016, we have collaborated with the renowned Hubrecht Institute to provide proof of concept of tissue-based bladder tumoroids mimicking parental tumors. We have developed a living biobank containing bladder organoids and tumoroids grown from over 50 patient samples, which reflect crucial aspects of bladder cancer pathogenesis.

Results
Histological and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the heterogeneity and subclassification of tumoroids mimicked those of corresponding parental tumor samples. Thus, urothelial tumoroids mimic crucial aspects of bladder cancer pathogenesis.

Conclusion
Research with urothelial tumoroids will open up new avenues for bladder cancer pathogenesis and drug-resistance research as well as for precision medicine approaches.
Evaluation of convective parameters derived from pressure level and native ERA5 data and different resolution WRF climate simulations over Central Europe
Authors: Varga Ákos János , Breuer Hajnalka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mean climatological distribution of convective environmental parameters from the ERA5 reanalysis and WRF regional climate simulations is evaluated using radiosonde observations. The investigation area covers parts of Central and Eastern Europe. Severe weather proxies are calculated from daily 1200 UTC sounding measurements and collocated ERA5 and WRF pseudo-profiles in the 1985–2010 period. The pressure level and the native ERA5 reanalysis, and two WRF runs with grid spacings of 50 and 10 km are verified. ERA5 represents convective parameters remarkably well with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9 for multiple variables and mean errors close to zero for precipitable water and mid-tropospheric lapse rate. Monthly mean mixed-layer CAPE biases are reduced in the full hybrid-sigma ERA5 dataset by 20–30 J/kg compared to its pressure level version. The WRF model can reproduce the annual cycle of thunderstorm predictors but with considerably lower correlations and higher errors than ERA5. Surface elevation differences between the stations and the corresponding grid points in the 50-km WRF run lead to biases and false error compensations in the convective indices. The 10-km grid spacing is sufficient to avoid such discrepancies. The evaluation of convection-related parameters contributes to a better understanding of regional climate model behavior. For example, a strong suppression of convective activity might explain precipitation underestimation in summer. A decreasing correlation of WRF-derived wind shear away from the western domain boundaries indicates a deterioration of the large-scale circulation as the constraining effect of the driving reanalysis weakens.
Microdebrider is less aerosol-generating than CO2 laser and cold instruments in microlaryngoscopy
Authors: Sanmark Enni , Oksanen Lotta-Maria A. H. , Rantanen Noora , Lahelma Mari , Anttila Veli-Jukka , Atanasova Nina , Hyvärinen Antti-Pekka , Kinnari Teemu , Geneid Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveCOVID-19 spreads through aerosols produced in coughing, talking, exhalation, and also in some surgical procedures. Use of CO2laser in laryngeal surgery has been observed to generate aerosols, however, other techniques, such cold dissection and microdebrider, have not been sufficiently investigated. We aimed to assess whether aerosol generation occurs during laryngeal operations and the effect of different instruments on aerosol production.MethodsWe measured particle concentration generated during surgeries with an Optical Particle Sizer. Cough data collected from volunteers and aerosol concentration of an empty operating room served as references. Aerosol concentrations when using different techniques and equipment were compared with references as well as with each other.ResultsThirteen laryngological surgeries were evaluated. The highest total aerosol concentrations were observed when using CO2laser and these were significantly higher than the concentrations when using microdebrider or cold dissection (p < 0.0001,p < 0.0001) or in the background or during coughing (p < 0.0001,p < 0.0001). In contrast, neither microdebrider nor cold dissection produced significant concentrations of aerosol compared with coughing (p = 0.146,p = 0.753). In comparing all three techniques, microdebrider produced the least aerosol particles.ConclusionsMicrodebrider and cold dissection can be regarded as aerosol-generating relative to background reference concentrations, but they should not be considered as high-risk aerosol-generating procedures, as the concentrations are low and do not exceed those of coughing. A step-down algorithm from CO2laser to cold instruments and microdebrider is recommended to lower the risk of airborne infections among medical staff.
Consensus in anonymous asynchronous systems with crash-recovery and omission failures
Authors: Jiménez Ernesto , López-Presa José Luis , Patiño-Martínez Marta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn anonymous distributed systems, processes are indistinguishable because they have no identity and execute the same algorithm. Currently, anonymous systems are receiving a lot of attention mainly because they preserve privacy, which is an important property when we want to avoid impersonation attacks. On the other hand, Consensus is a fundamental problem in distributed computing. It is well-known that Consensus cannot be deterministically solved in pure asynchronous anonymous systems if processes can crash (the so-called crash-stop failure model). This impossibility holds even if message losses never occur in transmission. Failure detectors are an elegant and powerful abstraction for achieving deterministic Consensus in asynchronous distributed systems. A failure detector is a distributed object that gives the processes information about crashed processes. Failure detectors have attracted so much attention in the crash-stop failure model because they provide a totally independent abstraction.$$\varOmega $$Ωis the weakest failure detector to solve Consensus in classic asynchronous systems when a majority of processes never crash, and$$A\varOmega '$$AΩ′is its implementable version for anonymous systems. As far as we know, there is a lack of works in the literature which tackle Consensus in anonymous asynchronous systems where crashed process can recover (the so-called crash-recovery failure model) and also assuming errors in transmission operations (the so-called omission failure model). Extending failure models in the system allows us to design more realistic systems and solve more practical security problems (i.e., fair exchange and the secure multiparty computation). We present, in this paper, an algorithm to solve Consensus using$$A\varOmega '$$AΩ′in anonymous asynchronous systems under the crash-recovery and omission failure models. Another important contribution of this paper is a communication-efficient and latency-efficient implementation of$$A\varOmega '$$AΩ′for these new failure models.
MiRNA-182-5p aggravates experimental ulcerative colitis via sponging Claudin-2
Authors: Tang Siwen , Guo Wentao , Kang Liumin , Liang Jinghua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTight junction proteins play crucial roles in maintaining the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier. MiRNA-182-5p is capable of targeting claudin-2 which is one of the vital tight junction proteins and the effect and mechanism of miRNA-182-5p was explored here in the DSS-induced colitis model. The pathological conditions were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin staining. The gene expression level was assessed via PCR. Quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for the measurement of claudin-2. microRNA.org online tool was used for target gene prediction. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were performed to detect the target of miRNA-182-5p. The inflammatory and oxidative stress level were measured using corresponding kits. MiRNA-182-5p was highly expressed in colitis model and miRNA-182-5p inhibitor exerted protective effects on colitis induced by DSS in mice. The protective effects includded improvement of pathological changes, increases in anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative genes, and up-regulation of TGF-β1. Claudin-2 mRNA was predicted as the target of miRNA-182-5p, which was validated via luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Claudin-2 overexpression was found in miRNA-182-5p inhibitor group. Consistent with the role of miRNA-182-5p, claudin-2 overexpression also exerted protective effects on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Inhibition of miRNA-182-5p exerted protective effects on colitis via targeting and upregulating claudin-2. The findings in study provide a new therapeutic strategy for colitis treatment and lay the foundation for future study.
Career experts’ conceptions of innovation in career development
Authors: Kettunen Jaana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article reports the findings from a phenomenographic investigation into career experts’ conceptions of innovation in career development. The results show that conceptions of innovation in career development varied from (1) initiating service, (2) developing demographic-based programmes, (3) professionalising the sector to (4) exploiting cross-sectoral synergies. The findings give us a more profound understanding of critical aspects that may have an important role in improving innovation in career development.
Autism: Comorbidities and Treatment Patterns in the Real World, a Retrospective Cohort Study Among Children, Adolescents and Adults Newly Diagnosed with Autism
Authors: Shoaib Azza , Cepeda M. Soledad , Murray Gayle , Ochs-Ross Rachel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe used real world data to summarize comorbidities and interventions among patients newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data were derived from two claims-based US healthcare databases; Medicaid and Optum to construct a retrospective cohort of 36,000 patients. Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD) was the most common co-morbidity (Medicaid: 50.09%; Optum: 44.16%), followed by mood disorder (Medicaid: 16.56% and Optum: 17.47%). Most patients received at least one type of treatment. Behavioral therapy was common (74.64% in Medicaid and 71.97% in Optum). More than half the cohorts received at least 1 pharmacotherapy. However, pharmacotherapies were diverse. Combination therapy and therapy switching was common. Understanding the clinical diversity and complexity of patients with ASD is an important first step in understanding unmet therapeutic needs.