bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and COVID-19 Related Stressors Among Healthcare Workers Who Performed Shift Work at Four COVID-19 Dedicated Hospitals in Korea
Authors: Park Sungjin , Lee Youngrong , Kim Taehun , Jung Sun Jae 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To assess the relationship between anxiety and shift work of healthcare workers (HCWs) during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
From four COVID-19-dedicated hospitals in Korea, 381 HCWs were analyzed to estimate anxiety in relation to four COVID-19 job stressors and the impact of shift work on this relationship. Anxiety was measured with a generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale. Multiple logistic regression models were utilized after stratification by sex, occupation, and shift work, after adjusting for a number of variables.

Results:
Anxiety prevalence was 32%. Among female nurses or nursing assistants who performed shift work, anxiety risk was significantly associated with three COVID-19 related job stressors: contact with confirmed cases or patients, dealing with unpleasant patients, and discomfort from wearing protective equipment.

Conclusions:
Special attention is required for mental health of HCWs working shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trimester-Specific Association of Maternal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and its Components With Birth and Placental Weight in Japan
Authors: Takeda Yuki , Michikawa Takehiro , Morokuma Seiichi , Yamazaki Shin , Nakahara Kazushige , Yoshino Ayako , Sugata Seiji , Takami Akinori , Saito Shinji , Hoshi Junya , Kato Kiyoko , Nitta Hiroshi , Nishiwaki Yuji 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
We investigated which trimester of exposure to PM2.5 and its components was associated with birth and placental weight, and the fetoplacental weight ratio.

Methods:
The study included 63,990 women who delivered singleton term births within 23 Tokyo wards between 2013 and 2015. Each day, we collected fine particles on a filter, and analyzed their chemical constituents, including carbons and ions. Trimester-specific exposure to each pollutant was estimated based on the average daily concentrations.

Results:
Over the third trimester, sulfate exposure tended to be inversely associated with birth weight, and decreased placental weight (difference for highest vs lowest quintile groups = −6.7 g, 95% confidence interval = −12.5 to −0.9). For fetoplacental weight ratio, there was no relationship.

Conclusions:
Sulfate exposure over the third trimester may reduce birth weight, particularly placental weight.
Exploration of Three Incidence Trend Prediction Models Based on the Number of Diagnosed Pneumoconiosis Cases in China From 2000 to 2019
Authors: Zhou Dongnan , Zhu Di , Li Nana , Han Bing 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To predict the future incidence trend of pneumoconiosis in China, and to evaluate three predictive models.

Methods:
We selected pneumoconiosis cases (2000–2019) to fit Generalized Additive Model (GAM), Curve Fitting Method, and GM (1,1) Model, chosen average fitting relative error, relative error of prediction, and coefficient of determination to evaluate models.

Results:
Chinese incidence trend of pneumoconiosis would decrease in the future. Predicted value of GAM (14,566) and Curve Fitting Method (15,781) in 2019 was close to the actual value (15,898). Relative error of prediction of GAM and Curve Fitting Method was −8.38% and −0.73%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The government needs to strengthen prevention and control since pneumoconiosis cases might remain huge in the future. Besides, we advise that GAM and Curve Fitting Method can be used to predict Chinese incidence trend of pneumoconiosis.
Participation in the Healthy Rewards Program Predicts Staying Employed, Medical Costs, and Utilization
Authors: Merrill Ray M. , Aldana Steven G. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To identify who is participating in the healthy rewards program (HRP), how participation corresponds with employment, and to compare health care costs and utilization between partial and full participants with non-participants.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of employees in a large US company during 2016 to 2019, with statistically significant results reported, adjusted for sex, age, and year.

Results:
Women, ages 30 to 59, and those employed in more recent years correspond with higher HRP participation. Participants were 15.7% more likely to remain employed from year to year. Compared with non-participants, partial and full participants experienced $740.43 and $884.07 lower annual costs. If all employees experienced the same health care costs as non-participants, partial participants, and full participants, there would be an 8% increase, 13% decrease, and 17% decrease in costs, respectively.

Conclusions:
HRP participation is a marker of interest in healthier living.
Depression, Healthcare Utilization, Missed Work, and Health Behaviors Among US Young Workers
Authors: Leung Cherry Y. , Lee Soo-Jeong 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
We examined the prevalence of depression and its impact on healthcare utilization, work absenteeism, and health behaviors among United States (US) young workers.

Methods:
Data of 1053 young workers (ages 18 to 25) from the 2015 US National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to examine these associations.

Results:
Seven percent of US young workers reported feeling often depressed (daily or weekly). Often depressed young workers had increased odds for healthcare provider visits, mental healthcare use, 1 to 2 emergency department visits, and 3 to 5 and more than or equal to 6 missed work days, smoking, and sleeping less than 7 hours.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that depressed young workers have increased needs for healthcare utilization and are at increased risk for missing work, smoking, and reduced sleep. Resources should be prioritized for depression screening and prevention programs at the workplace and healthcare settings.
Burnout Among Primary Care Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Apaydin Eric A. , Rose Danielle E. , Yano Elizabeth M. , Shekelle Paul G. , McGowan Michael G. , Antonini Tami L. , Valdez Cassandra A. , Peacock Michelle , Probst Laura , Stockdale Susan E. 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
To measure the prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers (HCWs) in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand the association between burnout, job-person fit, and perceptions of the pandemic.

Methods:
We surveyed 147 HCWs (73% response rate) in two clinics in the summer of 2020 on their burnout, job-person fit, perceptions of the pandemic, and demographic/job characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore relationships between these variables.

Results:
Forty-three percent of HCWs reported burnout. Lower HCW burnout was associated with better job-person fit in the areas of recognition or appreciation at work (odds ratio [OR] 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10 to 0.67) and congruent worker-organization goals and values (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.76).

Conclusions:
Working environments with better job-person fit may be key to reducing HCW burnout even after the current crisis.
Chronic Effects of Breaching Blast Exposure on Sensory Organization and Postural Limits of Stability
Authors: Haran F.J. , Zampieri Cris , Wassermann Eric M. , Polejaeva Elena , Dell Kristine C. , LoPresti Matthew L. , Stone James R. , Ahlers Stephen T. , Carr Walter 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The goal of this effort to investigate if experienced breachers, professionals with a career history of exposure to repeated low-level blasts, exhibited postural instability.

Methods:
Postural data were examined using traditional tests of means and compared to normative data.

Results:
Breachers had significantly lower NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test (SOT) visual scores (within normative limits), prolonged Limits of Stability (LOS) test reaction time (30% of breachers and 7% of controls testing abnormal), and slower LOS movement velocity (21% of breachers and 0% of controls testing abnormal) compared to controls.

Conclusion:
Our LOS test findings are like those previously reported for students in the military breacher training course and seem to indicate that while acute effects of blasts on sensory control of balance fade away, effects on postural LOS persist over time.
Endothelin receptor antagonists for the treatment of diabetic and nondiabetic chronic kidney disease
Authors: Smeijer J. David , Kohan Donald E. , Webb David J. , Dhaun Neeraj , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
To summarize new clinical findings of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) in various etiologies of kidney disease targeted in clinical trials.

Recent findings
Endothelin-1 is a multifunctional peptide with potential relevance to glomerular and tubulointerstitial kidney diseases. The phase 3 SONAR trial demonstrated a significant reduction in clinically relevant kidney outcomes for patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) after long-term treatment with the ERA, atrasentan, in addition to blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Promising preclinical disease models and small clinical trials in non-DKD resulted in the initiation of phase 3 trials investigating the effects of long-term treatment with ERA in patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and focal segmental glomeruloscelerosis (FSGS). The mechanisms by which ERA protects the kidneys have been extensively studied with evidence for the protection of tubule cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, the endothelial glycocalyx, and a reduction in glomerular perfusion pressure. The occurrence of fluid retention during ERA treatment, particularly in susceptible populations, necessitates strategies to support safe and effective treatment.

Summary
Treatment with ERA induces long-term kidney protection in DKD. Phase 3 trials are underway to investigate ERA effects in patients with IgA nephropathy and FSGS.
The Effect of Yoga Asana “Vrksasana (Tree Pose)” on Balance in Patients With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Solakoglu Ozge , Dogruoz Karatekin Bilinc , Yumusakhuylu Yasemin , Mesci Erkan , Icagasioglu Afitap 
Published: May 2021

Objective
In this study, the effect of the add-on effect of the Tree Pose (Vrksasana) on the balance of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis was investigated.

Design
Thirty-two patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis were randomly assigned to conservative exercise group (30 mins/d for 12 wks) or Tree Pose–added exercise group (30-min conventional exercise + 2-min Tree Pose/d for 12 wks) by Microsoft Excel randomization option. The balance of the patients was evaluated with Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, single-leg standing test, tandem walk test, tandem stance test, and Korebalance static&dynamic balance tests at baseline, sixth week, and third month of the exercise program.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference on baseline data between groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the sixth-week measurement of single-leg stance (P < 0.05). In the Berg Balance Scale, static balance test, dynamic balance test, and tandem walk test, a statistically significant difference was found among baseline, sixth-week, and 12th week measurements in both the exercise group and the Tree Pose–added exercise group.

Conclusions
Gains in the static and dynamic balance of postmenopausal osteoporotic patients can be obtained by adding “Vrksasana” to conventional exercises.
Neuromuscular Ultrasound
Authors: Jorgensen Shawn P. , Cartwright Michael S. , Norbury John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Accurate assessment of neuromuscular disorders is critical to facilitate timely treatment and achieve the best outcomes. Historically, electrodiagnostic studies have filled this role, but recently, neuromuscular ultrasound is being used in the electrodiagnostic laboratory. This review discusses the uses of neuromuscular ultrasound in the electrodiagnostic laboratory that have strong evidence, emphasizing those that could be adopted in a typical electrodiagnostic laboratory with a reasonable level of equipment and training. The evidence currently supports using neuromuscular ultrasound to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar neuropathies at the elbow and as a supplementary test when electrodiagnostic studies are suspected to be falsely negative or in axonal nonlocalizing lesions. Neuromuscular ultrasound can identify the causes of focal mononeuropathies, which can change treatment in specific cases. It is sensitive at identifying fasciculations and providing complementary evidence of autoimmune demyelinating polyneuropathies. It is particularly helpful in assessing nerves after trauma. Neuromuscular ultrasound is likely to prove even more useful in the electrodiagnostic laboratory as the technology continues to advance.
Laboratory Reflex and Clinic-Based Point-of-Care Cryptococcal Antigen Screening for Preventing Meningitis and Mortality Among People Living With HIV
Authors: Drain Paul K. , Galagan Sean R. , Govere Sabina , Krows Meighan , Thulare Hilary , Wallis Carole L. , Gosnell Bernadett I. , Moosa Mahomed-Yunus , Celum Connie , Bassett Ingrid V. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Cryptococcosis remains a leading cause of meningitis and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV) worldwide. We sought to evaluate laboratory-based cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) reflex testing and a clinic-based point-of-care (POC) CrAg screening intervention for preventing meningitis and mortality among PLHIV in South Africa.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective pre–post intervention study of adults presenting for HIV testing in Umlazi township, South Africa, over a 6-year period (2013–2019). Participants were enrolled during 3 phases of CrAg testing: CrAg testing ordered by a clinician (clinician-directed testing, 2013–2015); routine laboratory-based CrAg reflex testing for blood samples with CD4 ≤100 cells/mm3 (laboratory reflex testing, 2015–2017); and a clinic-based intervention with POC CD4 testing and POC CrAg testing for PLHIV with CD4 ≤200 cells/mm3 with continued standard-of-care routine laboratory reflex testing among those with CD4 ≤100 cells/mm3 (clinic-based testing, 2017–2019). The laboratory and clinical teams performed serum CrAg by enzyme immunoassay and lateral flow assay (Immy Diagnostics, Norman, OK). We followed up participants for up to 14 months to compare associations between baseline CrAg positivity, antiretroviral therapy and fluconazole treatment initiation, and outcomes of cryptococcal meningitis, hospitalization, and mortality.

Results:
Three thousand one hundred five (39.4%) of 7877 people screened were HIV-positive, of whom 908 had CD4 ≤200 cells/mm3 and were included in the analyses. Laboratory reflex and clinic-based testing increased CrAg screening (P < 0.001) and diagnosis of CrAg-positive PLHIV (P = 0.011). When compared with clinician-directed testing, clinic-based CrAg testing showed an increase in the number of PLHIV diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis (4.5% vs. 1.5%; P = 0.059), initiation of fluconazole preemptive therapy (7.2% vs. 2.5%; P = 0.010), and initiation of antiretroviral therapy (96.8% vs. 91.3%; P = 0.012). Comparing clinic-based testing with laboratory reflex testing, there was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of cryptococcal meningitis (4.5% vs. 4.1%; P = 0.836) or mortality (8.1% vs. 9.9%; P = 0.557).

Conclusions:
Laboratory reflex and clinic-based CrAg testing facilitated the diagnosis of HIV-associated cryptococcosis and fluconazole initiation but did not reduce cryptococcal meningitis or mortality. In this nonrandomized cohort, clinical outcomes were similar between laboratory reflex testing and clinic-based POC CrAg testing.
Fracture Healing in Patients With HIV in South Africa: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Graham Simon M. , Maqungo Sithombo , Laubscher Maritz , Ferreira Nando , Held Michael , Harrison William J. , Simpson A. Hamish , MacPherson Peter , Lalloo David G. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
HIV reduces bone mineral density, mineralization, and turnover and may impair fracture healing.

Setting:
This prospective cohort study in South Africa investigated whether HIV infection was associated with impaired fracture healing after trauma.

Methods:
All adults with acute tibia and femur fractures who underwent intermedullary (IM) nailing for fracture fixation between September 2017 and December 2018, at 2 tertiary hospitals, were followed up for a minimum of 12 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was delayed bone union at 6 months (defined by the radiological union scoring system for the tibia score <9), and the secondary outcome was nonunion (defined as radiological union scoring system for the tibia score <9) at 9 months. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the associations between HIV status and impaired fracture healing.

Results:
In total, 358 participants, who underwent 395 IM nailings, were enrolled in the study and followed up for 12 months. Seventy-one of the 358 (19.8%) participants were HIV-positive [83/395 (21%) IM nailings]. HIV was not associated with delayed fracture healing after IM nailing of the tibia or femur (multivariable odds ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 0.50 to 2.22). HIV-positive participants had a statistically significant lower odds ratio of nonunion compared with HIV-negative participants (multivariable odds ratio: 0.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.01 to 0.92).

Conclusions:
Fractures sustained in HIV-positive individuals can undergo surgical fixation as effectively as those in HIV-negative individuals, with no increased risk of delayed union or nonunion.
Siglec-1 on dendritic cells mediates SARS-CoV-2 trans-infection of target cells while on macrophages triggers proinflammatory responses
Authors: Perez-Zsolt Daniel , Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana , Rodon Jordi , Elousa Marc , Raïch-Regué Dàlia , Risco Cristina , Sachse Martin , Pino Maria , Gumber Sanjeev , Paiardini Mirko , Chojnacki Jakub , Erkizia Itziar , Muñiz Xabier , Ballana Ester , Riveira-Muñoz Eva , Noguera Marc , Paredes Roger , Trinité Benjamin , Tarrés-Freixas Ferran , Blanco Ignacio , Guallar Victor , Carrillo Jorge , Blanco Julià , Telenti Amalio , Heyn Holger , Segalés Joaquim , Clotet Bonaventura , Martinez-Picado Javier , Vergara-Alert Júlia , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 pandemic is not yet under control by vaccination, and effective antivirals are critical for preparedness. Here we report that macrophages and dendritic cells, key antigen presenting myeloid cells (APCs), are largely resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. APCs effectively captured viruses within cellular compartments that lead to antigen degradation. Macrophages sense SARS-CoV-2 and released higher levels of cytokines, including those related to cytokine storm in severe COVID-19. The sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 (Siglec-1/CD169) present on APCs, which interacts with sialylated gangliosides on membranes of retroviruses or filoviruses, also binds SARS-CoV-2 via GM1. Blockage of Siglec-1 receptors by monoclonal antibodies reduces SARS-CoV-2 uptake and transfer to susceptible target cells. APCs expressing Siglec-1 and carrying SARS-CoV-2 are found in pulmonary tissues of non-human primates. Single cell analysis reveals the in vivo induction of cytokines in those macrophages. Targeting Siglec-1 could offer cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses that exploit APCs for viral dissemination, including those yet to come in future outbreaks.
Saturation variant interpretation using CRISPR prime editing
Authors: Erwood Steven , Bily Teija M.I. , Lequyer Jason , Yan Joyce , Gulati Nitya , Brewer Reid A. , Zhou Liangchi , Pelletier Laurence , Ivakine Evgueni A. , Cohn Ronald D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, next generation sequencing has become widely implemented in clinical practice. However, as genetic variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are frequently identified, the need for scaled functional interpretation of such variants has become increasingly apparent. One method to address this is saturation genome editing (SGE), which allows for scaled multiplexed functional assessment of single nucleotide variants. The current applications of SGE, however, rely on homology-directed repair (HDR) to introduce variants of interest, which is limited by low editing efficiencies and low product purity. Here, we have adapted CRISPR prime editing for SGE and demonstrated its utility in understanding the functional significance of variants in the NPC1 gene underlying the lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC). Additionally, we have designed a genome editing strategy that allows for the haploidization of gene loci, which permits isolated variant interpretation in virtually any cell type. By combining saturation prime editing (SPE) with a clinically relevant assay, we have functionally scored and interpreted 256 variants in NPC1 haploidized HEK293T cells. To further demonstrate the applicability of this strategy, we used SPE and cell model haploidization to functionally score 465 variants in the BRCA2 gene. We anticipate that our work will be translatable to any gene with an appropriate cellular assay, allowing for more rapid and accurate diagnosis and improved genetic counselling and ultimately precise patient care.