bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Molybdenite187 Re Parent- 187 Os Daughter Intra-Crystalline Decoupling In Light of Recent In-Situ Micro-Scale Observations
Authors: Zimmerman Aaron , Yang Gang , Stein Holly J. , Hannah Judith L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Every so often, an analytical advancement or challenging geological occurrence necessitates re-evaluation of well-established geochronological methods. Rhenium-osmium (Re-Os) dating of sulfide minerals, especially molybdenite, by isotope dilution-negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-NTIMS) yields demonstrably accurate, robust ages. Difficulty in determining an age is caused by either 1) geological complexity including intra-crystalline heterogeneity or 2) inadequate analytical capabilities. Established, systematic methods overcome most of these difficulties, with exceptions. With respect to molybdenite, geological complexity is encountered as macro-scale polyphase overgrowths. Micro-scale complexity is observed as primary Re oscillatory zoning and secondary intra-granular 187Re parent-187Os daughter decoupling. Macro- and micro-scale geologic heterogeneities are overcome by systematic, targeted sampling protocols built upon careful hand sample and microscopic observations linking molybdenite crystallization to the host rock's geologic history.Advances in instrumentation permit more accurate and precise determination of elemental and isotopic compositions at the micro-scale, which ultimately reveals geological complexity and heterogeneity. Yet, newly produced high-resolution data must be carefully scrutinized and interpreted correctly. Two new micro-scale analytical techniques have been proposed: (1) to use NanoSIMS imaging to reveal heterogeneities that could preclude micro-scale geochronology (spot dating) methods, and (2) enable micro-scale geochronology using LA-ICP-MS/MS to distinguish the interfering masses of parent Re and daughter Os isotopes. We turn first to NIST Reference Material 8599, Henderson molybdenite, to compare its Re-Os characteristics and ID-NTIMS results with the newly published Re-Os molybdenite data. We identify the "best possible results" by quantifying the homogeneity of the NIST molybdenite, including model age variability, precision of ID-NTIMS analyses, and statistical treatment. Subsequently, we examine the limitations of the two newly proposed methods. We demonstrate that parent-daughter decoupling cannot be precluded by visual inspection of NanoSIMS isotopic maps. In addition, we prove mathematically that the quantifying the contribution of 187Os to the total measured mass 187 by LA-ICP-MS/MS is far too imprecise to achieve high-precision geochronology. Statistical data treatment and reporting can also result in misguided conclusions and applications.
Mammal Extinction Facilitated Biome Shift and Human Population Change During the Last Glacial Termination in East-Central EuropeEnikő
Authors: Magyari Enikő , Gasparik Mihály , Major István , Lengyel György , Pál Ilona , Virág Attila , Korponai János , Szabó Zoltán , Pazonyi Piroska 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Studying local extinction times, associated environmental and human population changes during the last glacial termination provides insights into the causes of mega- and microfauna extinctions. In East-Central (EC) Europe, Palaeolithic human groups were present throughout the last glacial maximum (LGM), but disappeared suddenly around 15 200 cal yr BP. In this study we use radiocarbon dated cave sediment profiles and a large set of direct AMS 14C dates on mammal bones to determine local extinction times that are compared with the Epigravettian population decline, quantitative climate models, pollen and plant macrofossil inferred climate and biome reconstructions and coprophilous fungi derived total megafauna change for EC Europe. Our results suggest that the population size of large herbivores decreased in the area after 17 700 cal yr BP, when temperate tree abundance and warm continental steppe cover both increased in the lowlands Boreal forest expansion took place around 16 200 cal yr BP. Cave sediments show the decline of tundra associated narrow-headed vole and arctic lemming populations at the same time and the expansion of steppic common vole. We found the last dated appearance of arctic lemming at ~ 16 640, narrow-headed vole at ~ 13 340, and estimated the last appearance of woolly mammoth at 12 690 − 16 150 (median: 15 210) and reindeer at 8300 − 14 480 cal yr BP (median: 12 550) using the PHASE model in OxCal. The population decline of the large herbivore fauna slightly preceded the terrestrial vegetation change and likely facilitated it via restricted grazing and the accumulation of plant biomass. Furthermore, we conclude that the Late Epigravettian population had high prey-fidelity; they left the basin when these mammals vanished.
Magnetically-Targeted Nanoparticle-Guided M2 Macrophage Polarization For Fracture Healing Promotion
Authors: Zhou Wu , Lin Ze , Xiong Yuan , Xue Hang , Song Wen , Yu Tao , Chen Lang , Hu Yiqiang , Panayi Adriana C. , Sun Yun , Cao Faqi , Liu Guodong , Hu Liangcong , Yan Chenchen , Xie Xudong , Qiu Wenxiu , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Macrophages are essential for fracture healing, acting mainly through remodeling of the extracellular matrix and promotion of angiogenesis. The role of macrophages in regulating osteogenic differentiation, particularly that of the M2 phenotype, is increasingly researched. Baicalein (BCL) had also been shown to have pro-fracture-healing effects.Results: In this study, we developed mesoporous silica and Fe3O4 composite-targeted nanoparticles loaded with BCL (BCL@MMSNPs-SS-CD-NW), that could be magnetically delivered to the fracture site. These induced macrophage recruitment in a targeted manner, polarizing them towards the M2 phenotype, and thereby inducing MSCs towards osteoblastic differentiation. The mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared with surface sulfhydrylation and amination modification, and the mesoporous channels were blocked with β-cyclodextrin. The outer layer of the mesoporous silicon was added with an amantane-modified NW targeting peptide to obtain the targeted nano-system. After entering macrophages, BCL could be released from nanoparticles since the disulfide linker could be cleaved by intracellular glutathione (GSH) resulting in the removing of CD gatekeeper, which is a key element in the pro-bone-remodeling functions, such as anti-inflammation and induction of M2 macrophage polarization to facilitate osteogenic differentiation.Conclusions: This nano-system passively accumulated in the fracture site, promoting osteogenic differentiation activities, highlighting a potent therapeutic benefit with high biosafety.
Impact of RNF213 Founder Polymorphism (p.R4810K) on the Postoperative Development of Indirect Pial Synangiosis After Direct/indirect Combined Revascularization Surgery for Adult Moyamoya Disease.
Authors: Ito Masaki , Kawabori Masahito , Sugiyama Taku , Tokairin Kikutaro , Tatezawa Ryota , Uchino Haruto , Kazumata Ken , Houkin Kiyohiro , Fujimura Miki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDirect superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis combined with indirect pial synangiosis provides favorable surgical collaterals for Moyamoya disease (MMD), especially in adults; however, factors leading to the development of each direct and indirect collateral are not well documented.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between RNF213 founder polymorphism (p.R4810K) and each direct and indirect collateral development.MethodsBy qualitative and quantitative evaluations of direct and indirect surgical collaterals using time-of-flight MR angiography, postoperative development of each type of bypass was evaluated independently into two categories. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to study the contributing factors for the development of each surgical collateral.ResultsExcellent development of postoperative direct and indirect bypass was observed in 65 hemispheres (70%) by qualitative evaluation, which was confirmed by quantitative evaluation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of excellent indirect bypass development revealed a significant positive correlation with the p.R4810K (odds ratio, OR4.0; 95%-confidence interval, CI 1.2-16), advanced MR angiographic stage (OR9.5; 95%CI 1.7-73), and preoperative middle meningeal artery caliber (OR6.8; 95%CI 1.8-35), but a significant negative correlation was found with the excellent direct bypass development (OR0.17; 95%CI 0.03-0.75). No significant correlation was observed between excellent direct bypass development and the p.R4810K (OR0.95; 95%CI 0.37-2.4).Conclusion﻿Excellent development of indirect collaterals after STA-MCA anastomosis combined with indirect pial synangiosis occurs more frequently in adult MMD with the RNF213 founder polymorphism, suggesting a role of the p.R4810K variant for marked in-growth of indirect collaterals and the utility of preoperative genetic analysis.
Multi-Dimension Tool Wear State Assessment Criterion on the Spiral Edge of Milling Cutter
Authors: Tian Ying , Yang Liming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the assessment of the tool wear state for the spiral edge of milling cutter based on machine vision, the traditional assessment criterion is often inaccurate due to the problem of information missing or incomplete especially near the tip area. In order to deal with this problem, different lighting-condition setting and additional non-image information compensation techniques are needed . In view of this, an integration tool wear detection method combined line laser edge detection and machine vision is proposed. Subsequently, the combined data acquirement experimental system is designed and built, which can simultaneously acquires two types of parameters: diameter and images under the same detection condition. Then, based on the above information, a multi-dimension series assessment criterion is proposed consisting of three dimensions index: The one-dimensional assessment index gives the average wear value of the spiral side, which mainly used as data ordination and characterizes the rule of tool wear degradation; the two-dimensional assessment index describes the contour of the wear region and calculates the area value, which can predict the change of the tool wear stage more precisely; the three-dimensional assessment index gives the 3D morphology by adding depth information within the wear region and quantified the volume of the worn-off part, which provides clues for early warning of the deterioration caused by the tool worn. Experiments proved that the multi-dimension series assessment criterion is helpful to reflect the trend of tool life and give a more accurate assessment of the tool wear state for the spiral edge of milling cutter.
Carcass Traits and Fat Quality of Breeding Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae) in Northern Japan
Authors: Koshiishi Yuichi , Murata-Okubo Michiko , Nakajyo Hinami , Machida Rikimaru , Yamamoto Taiga , Myoda Takao , Kameyama Yuichi , Hirayama Hiroki , Souma Kousaku , Yokohama Michinari , Wada Kenta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Characterisation of carcass traits and fat quality is important to effectively produce and genetically improve emus. We investigated carcass traits in 309 emus. The meat production of female emus showed a significantly higher value than that of males (P < 0.01). The fat weight of male (9.232 ± 3.156 kg) was larger than that of the female (7.772 ± 2.697 kg). The fat rate was strongly correlated to body weight (r = 0.79 and r = 0.75 in male and female, respectively). The fat melting points of females and males were 19.19 ± 3.39°C and 19.39 ± 3.39°C, respectively, without significant difference. Since the fat melting point did not correlate to body and fat weights, we predicted that it was an independent trait from body growth and was highly influenced by genetic elements. Percentages of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids were 22.27 ± 3.50 %, 9.37 ± 1.90 %, 54.11 ± 5.17 %, 13.54 ± 7.80 % and 0.71 ± 0.59 %, respectively. Among them, linoleic acid contents showed a wide individual difference (range 0.3–19.9 %). The oleic/stearic acid ratio showed a negative correlation to the fat melting point. These results suggest that the fat melting point may be used as a useful marker for the simple evaluation of oil quality.
Changes in Physical Activity, Screen Time, Sleep, and Mental Health of Japanese Young Children: A Longitudinal Study Pre- and During-COVID-19
Authors: Kim Hyunshik , Ma Jiameng , Lee Sunkyoung , Gu Ying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Specialized guidelines are required for the health behaviors of vulnerable populations such as children. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic, wherein major lifestyle changes have occurred, especially among young children. The present study aims to use longitudinal data to understand changes in the physical activity, screen time, sleep, and mental health of preschool-aged children in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to pre-pandemic periods. Subjective and objective measures were used to assess the variables of interest longitudinally. It was found that physical activity, adherence to WHO-recommended screen time, and prosocial behaviors decreased significantly. On the other hand, sedentary time and hyperactivity increased. Our results are consistent with findings from other countries. The implications with respect to outdoor playtime, screen-time in the context of online learning during the pandemic, and the effects of parents’ mental health on preschool-aged children are discussed.
The Value of Social Interactions and Incentives on the Use of a Digital Contact Tracing Tool Post COVID-19 Lockdown in Singapore
Authors: Huang Zhilian , Guo Huiling , Lim Hannah YeeFen , Ho Kia Nam , Tay Evonne , Chow Angela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe assessed the preferences and trade-offs for social interactions, incentives, and being traced by a digital contact tracing (DCT) tool post lockdown in Singapore.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among visitors of a large public hospital in Singapore between July 2020 – February 2021. Respondents were sampled proportionately by gender and four age categories (21 – 80 years). The DCE questionnaire had three attributes (1. Social interactions, 2. Being traced by a DCT tool, 3. Incentives to use a DCT tool) and two levels each. The final dataset comprised 3839 respondents after dropping 53 with “irrational” responses. Panel fixed conditional logit model was used to analyze the data.ResultsRespondents were more willing to trade being traced by a DCT tool for social interactions than incentives and unwilling to trade social interactions for incentives. The proportion of respondents preferring no incentives and could only be influenced by their family members increases with age. Among proponents of monetary incentives, the preferred median value for a month’s usage of DCT tools amounted to S$10 (USD7.25) and S$50 (USD36.20) for subsidies and lucky draw.ConclusionsDCE can be used to elicit profile-specific preferences to optimize the uptake of DCT tools during a pandemic. Social interactions are highly valued by the population, who are willing to trade them for being traced by a DCT tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a small amount of incentive is sufficient to increase the satisfaction of using a DCT tool, incentives alone may not increase DCT tool uptake.
Human Endothelial Cells And Fibroblasts Express And Produce The Coagulation Proteins Necessary For Thrombin Generation
Authors: Cohen Clay , Turner Nancy , Moake Joel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In a previous study, we reported that human endothelial cells (ECs) express and produce their own coagulation factors (F) that can activate cell surface FX without the additions of external proteins or phospholipids. We now describe experiments that detail the expression and production in ECs and fibroblasts of the clotting proteins necessary for formation of active prothrombinase (FV-FX) complexes to produce thrombin on EC and fibroblast surfaces. EC and fibroblast thrombin generation was identified by measuring: thrombin activity; thrombin-antithrombin complexes; and the prothrombin fragment 1.2 (PF1.2), which is produced by the prothrombinase cleavage of prothrombin (FII) to thrombin. In ECs, the prothrombinase complex uses surface-attached FV and g-carboxyl-glutamate residues of FX and FII to attach to EC surfaces. FV is also on fibroblast surfaces; however, lower fibroblast expression of the gene for γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) results in production of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins (FII and FX) with reduced surface binding. This is evident by the minimal surface binding of PF1.2, following FII activation, of fibroblasts compared to ECs. We conclude that human ECs and fibroblasts both generate thrombin without exogenous addition of coagulation proteins or phospholipids. The two cell types assemble distinct forms of prothrombinase to generate thrombin.
Fusing Multi-Modal Char-Level Embeddings for Chinese Sentence Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Liu Dong , Zhang Caihuan , Zhang Yongxin , Ma Youzhong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chinese characters are one of the logographic writing systems. There is some association between semantics and structures, shape, phonetic information of Chinese characters. In this work, multi-modal Chinese character-level embeddings are extracted, including visual features, pre-trained embeddings, shapes, and phonetic information. These embedding sequences of Chinese sentences are first fed into individual Bi-LSTM networks to capture context features, and then fused into one vector for sentiment analysis. Experimental results validate that multi-modal character-level can contribute to Chinese sentence sentiment classification. And its effect on the result is analyzed by modal features ablation test.
Genome Editing in Filamentous Fungus Penicillium Verruculosum Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Kislitsin Valeriy , Chulkin Andrey , Zorov Ivan , Denisenko Yuri , Sinitsyn Arkadiy Sinitsyn , Rozhkova Alexandra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo adapt CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method for use in filamentous fungus Penicillium verruculosum, which is industrial producer of carbohydrases. ResultsFor the first time the CRISPR/Cas9 method was adapted for genome editing in the filamentous fungi Penicillium verrucullosum. Using the nitrate reductase gene (niaD) as a selective marker with the CRISPR/Cas9 system we performed double knockout of niaD and cellobiohydrolase 1 (cbh1) genes. The efficiency of double editing was 50%. At the same time, it was unexpected that the specific cellobiohydrolase activity rised after knockout of cbh1 gene due to the increase CBH2 expression. ConclusionWe developed effective method for genome editing in P. verruculosum, which can be used to improve qualities of industrial strains.
A CYC-RAD-DIV-DRIF interaction likely pre-dates the origin of floral monosymmetry in Lamiales
Authors: Sengupta Aniket , Hileman Lena C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAn outstanding question in evolutionary biology is how genetic interactions defining novel traits evolve. They may evolve either by de novo assembly of previously non-interacting genes or by en bloc co-option of interactions from other functions. We tested these hypotheses in the context of a novel phenotype—Lamiales flower monosymmetry—defined by a developmental program that relies on regulatory interaction among CYCLOIDEA , RADIALIS , DIVARICATA , and DRIF gene products. In Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), representing Lamiales, we tested whether components of this program likely function beyond their previously known role in petal and stamen development. In Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), representing Solanales which diverged from Lamiales before the origin of Lamiales floral monosymmetry, we additionally tested for regulatory interactions in this program. ResultsWe found that RADIALIS , DIVARICATA , and DRIF are expressed in snapdragon ovaries and developing fruit, similar to their homologs during tomato fruit development. Additionally, we found that a tomato CYCLOIDEA ortholog positively regulates a tomato RADIALIS ortholog. ConclusionOur results provide preliminary support to the hypothesis that the developmental program defining floral monosymmetry in Lamiales was co-opted en bloc from a function in carpel development. This expands our understanding of novel trait evolution facilitated by co-option of existing regulatory interactions.
Respiratory and intramuscular immunization with ChAdOx2 NPM1-NA induces distinct
immune responses in H1N1pdm09 pre-exposed pigs
Authors: Vatzia Eleni , Allen Elizabeth , Manjegowda Tanuja , Morris Susan , McNee Adam , Martini Veronica , Kaliath Reshma , Ulaszewska Marta , Boyd Amy , Pauday Basu , Carr B Veronica , Chrun Tiphany , Maze Emmanuel , MacLoughlin Ronan , Diemen Pauline van , Everett Helen , Lambe Teresa , Gilbert Sarah , Tchilian Elma 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is a critical need to develop superior influenza vaccines that provide broader protection.
Influenza vaccines are traditionally tested in naïve animals, although humans are exposed to
influenza in the first years of their lives, but the impact of prior influenza exposure on vaccine
induced immune responses has not been well studied. Pigs are an important natural host for
influenza, are a source of pandemic viruses, and are an excellent model for human influenza.
Here we investigated the immunogenicity of the ChAdOx2 viral vectored vaccine, expressing
influenza nucleoprotein, matrix protein 1 and neuraminidase in H1N1pdm09 pre-exposed pigs.
We evaluated the importance of route of administration by comparing intra-nasal, aerosol and
intra-muscular immunizations. Aerosol delivery boosted the local lung T cell and antibody
responses, while intra-muscular immunization boosted systemic immunity. These results will
inform how best to deliver vaccines in order to harness optimal protective immunity.
Whole-Exome Sequencing of Esophageal Submucosal Gland Duct Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Qin Bo , Wang Beibei , Liu Kehan , Hu Xiao , Chen Bing , Yao Xiaohan , Ma Yihui , Wang Zhengyang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenocarcinoma (ESGDAC) is an extremely rare histological variant of esophageal epithelial malignant tumors. To date, only few cases of ESGDAC have been reported. No comprehensive molecular analysis of ESGDAC has been conducted. This study focusses on the whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify somatically acquired mutations and signatures of somatic mutations in ESGDAC. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 3 ESGDAC genomes.Results In this study, we summarized the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of patients with ESGDAC, we first performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to summarize WES coverage statistics for each patient. We also examined cancer predisposition genes, ESGDAC-associated driver genes, and significantly mutated genes (SMGs). WES revealed TP53 as a SMG in ESGDAC. Conclusion We studied the tumor mutation profiling for the development of future targeted therapies for ESGDAC.