bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the emergence of a new organisational form: An exploration of the intellectual structure of the B Corp research
Authors: Blasi Silvia , Sedita Silvia Rita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the emergence of B Corp as a new research field through a bibliometric analysis of the B Corp literature, based on a database of 142 documents collected by Scopus and published between 2009 and 2020. This emergent field is an important component of the structural change occurring in our society, which, in recent years, has seen the emergence of new for‐profit organisational forms with a strong social consciousness. The bibliometric analysis reveals the foundational works and the historical evolution of the research field, pinpointing the connections between similar concepts in the literature on sustainable enterprises, such as B Corp, hybrid organisation, benefit corporation, and corporate social responsibility. Through a social network analysis, we sustain a relational view of B Corp research, and propose a taxonomy of concepts and terminology, which shows that the concept of B Corp defines an emergent organisational form.
Growth, body condition and contest performance after early‐life food restriction in a long‐lived tropical fish
Authors: Ziegelbecker Angelika , Sefc Kristina M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdverse conditions during early life can cause lasting body size deficits with effects on social and sexual competition, while an accelerated growth response can allow animals to catch up in body size but can be physiologically costly as well. How animals balance growth deficits and growth compensation is predicted to depend on the effects of each on lifetime fitness. We investigated the effects of experimental early‐life food restriction on growth, body condition, and adult contest competition in a cichlid fish (Tropheus sp.). Their longevity and aseasonal breeding suggest that, with view on lifetime reproductive success, temporarily growth‐restricted Tropheus should rather invest extra time in reaching competitive body size than risk the potential costs of accelerated growth. However, size‐selective predation pressure by gape size‐limited piscivores may have favored the evolution of an accelerated growth response to early‐life delays. Experimentally food‐restricted fish temporarily reduced their growth rate compared to a control group, but maintained their body condition factor at the control level throughout the 80‐week study period. There was no evidence for an accelerated growth response following the treatment, as the food‐restricted fish never exceeded the size‐specific growth rates that were measured in the control group. Food‐restricted fish caught up with the body size of the control group several months after the end of the treatment period and were as likely as control fish to win size‐matched contests over territories. Regardless of feeding regime, there were sex‐specific differences in growth rates and in the trajectories of condition factors over time. Females grew more slowly than males but maintained their condition factors at a high level throughout the study period, whereas the males' condition factors declined over time. These differences may reflect sex‐specific contributions of condition and body size to adult fitness that are associated with female mouthbrooding and male competition for breeding territories.
Mating systems and predictors of relative reproductive success in a Cutthroat Trout subspecies of conservation concern
Authors: Hargrove John S. , McCane Jesse , Roth Curtis J. , High Brett , Campbell Matthew R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMating systems and patterns of reproductive success in fishes play an important role in ecology and evolution. While information on the reproductive ecology of many anadromous salmonids (Oncorhynchusspp.) is well detailed, there is less information for nonanadromous species including the Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (O. clarkii bouvieri), a subspecies of recreational angling importance and conservation concern. Using data from a parentage‐based tagging study, we described the genetic mating system of a migratory population of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout, tested for evidence of sexual selection, and identified predictors of mating and reproductive success. The standardized variance in mating success (i.e., opportunity for sexual selection) was significantly greater for males relative to females, and while the relationship between mating success and reproductive success (i.e., Bateman gradient) was significantly positive for both sexes, a greater proportion of reproductive success was explained by mating success for males (r2 = 0.80) than females (r2 = 0.59). Overall, the population displayed a polygynandrous mating system, whereby both sexes experienced variation in mating success due to multiple mating, and sexual selection was variable across sexes. Tests for evidence of sexual selection indicated the interaction between mating success and total length best‐predicted relative reproductive success. We failed to detect a signal of inbreeding avoidance among breeding adults, but the group of parents that produced progeny were on average slightly less related than adults that did not produce progeny. Lastly, we estimated the effective number of breeders (Nb) and effective population size (Ne) and identified whileNbwas lower thanNe, both are sufficiently high to suggest Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in Burns Creek represent a genetically stable and diverse population.
Disentangling controls on animal abundance: Prey availability, thermal habitat, and microhabitat structure
Authors: Higgins Emma A. , Boyd Doreen S. , Brown Tom W. , Owen Sarah C. , Algar Adam C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe question of what controls animal abundance has always been fundamental to ecology, but given rapid environmental change, understanding the drivers and mechanisms governing abundance is more important than ever. Here, we determine how multidimensional environments and niches interact to determine population abundance along a tropical habitat gradient. Focusing on the endemic lizard Anolis bicaorum on the island of Utila (Honduras), we evaluate direct and indirect effects of three interacting niche axes on abundance: thermal habitat quality, structural habitat quality, and prey availability. We measured A. bicaorum abundance across a series of thirteen plots and used N‐mixture models and path analysis to disentangle direct and indirect effects of these factors. Results showed that thermal habitat quality and prey biomass both had positive direct effects on anole abundance. However, thermal habitat quality also influenced prey biomass, leading to a strong indirect effect on abundance. Thermal habitat quality was primarily a function of canopy density, measured as leaf area index (LAI). Despite having little direct effect on abundance, LAI had a strong overall effect mediated by thermal quality and prey biomass. Our results demonstrate the role of multidimensional environments and niche interactions in determining animal abundance and highlight the need to consider interactions between thermal niches and trophic interactions to understand variation in abundance, rather than focusing solely on changes in the physical environment.
Fish taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and their vulnerabilities in the largest river in southeastern China
Authors: Lin Li , Deng Weide , Huang Xiaoxia , Kang Bin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Freshwater biodiversity is currently under multiple threats. Conservation of freshwater fish biodiversity needs to be prioritized because natural conservation resources are always limited.

Samples were collected at 24 sites in the Min River, the largest basin in southeastern China. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity were analyzed. Biodiversity vulnerability was measured by removing one species each time out of the community with replacement.

Results suggested that hotspots for taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were located at two impounded sites, while for functional diversity were those sites with no upstream dams. Little congruence was observed between taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. Fragmentation of river network connectivity caused by dams was a significant factor affecting the biodiversity patterns. Beta turnover was the driving component for beta diversity, indicating that biodiversity dissimilarity along the river was mostly explained by environmental sorting. Fifteen out of 16 species that contributed the most to different facets of biodiversity were mostly endemic, either they had distinctive functional traits or they were the most prevalent species. Sites with the highest diversity vulnerability were characterized by these distinctive species. Functional diversity was more vulnerable to species loss comparing with the other two biodiversity facets.

Prioritizing those biodiversity hotspots, sites with extreme functional vulnerability, and those distinctive endemic species which contributed the most to biodiversity vulnerability is suggested in the Min River. The study found evidence that congruence among different facets of biodiversity is hard to achieve, and functional diversity is the most vulnerable in a freshwater system fragmented by intensive dam constructions. This work will help to develop systematic conservation planning from the perspective of different biodiversity facets.
Effect of patient‐centered transitional care services on patient‐reported outcomes in heart failure: sex‐specific analysis of the PACT‐HF randomized controlled trial
Authors: Blumer Vanessa , Gayowsky Anastasia , Xie Feng , Greene Stephen J. , Graham Michelle M. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Perez Richard , Ko Dennis T. , Thabane Lehana , Zannad Faiez , Van Spall Harriette G.C. 
Published: July 2021

AimsWe assessed the effect of transitional care on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in women and men hospitalized for heart failure.Methods and resultsIn this sex‐specific analysis of a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial in Canada, the effect of a patient‐centered transitional care model was tested on pre‐specified PROs of discharge preparedness (B‐PREPARED score, range 0–22), quality of transition [Care Transitions Measure‐3 (CTM‐3) score, range 0–100], and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) (EQ‐5D‐5L, range 0–1). Among 986 patients (47.4% women), B‐PREPARED at 6 weeks was greater with the intervention than usual care [mean difference (MD) 4.01 (95% confidence interval‐CI 2.90–5.12); P < 0.001], with no sex differences (P sex‐interaction = 0.24). CTM‐3 at 6 weeks was greater with the intervention than usual care [MD 10.52 (95% CI 6.00–15.04); P < 0.001], with no sex differences (P sex‐interaction = 0.69). EQ‐5D‐5L was greater with intervention than usual care at discharge [MD 0.17 (95% CI 0.12–0.22); P < 0.001], 6 weeks [MD 0.06 (95% CI 0.01–0.12); P = 0.02], and 6 months [MD 0.05 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.12); P = 0.09], although the 6‐month difference was not statistically significant. At discharge, women reported lower EQ‐5D‐5L but experienced significantly greater treatment benefit than men (P sex‐interaction = 0.02). Treatment effect on EQ‐5D‐5L was numerically greater in women than men at 6 weeks and 6 months, but there were no significant sex differences (P sex‐interaction 0.18 and 0.19, respectively).ConclusionA patient‐centered transitional care model improved discharge preparedness, transition quality, and HRQOL in the weeks following heart failure hospitalization, with effects largely consistent in women and men. However, women reported lower HRQOL and experienced greater treatment benefit in this endpoint than men at hospital discharge.Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02112227.
A One‐Pot Synthesis of “K(hfa) glyme” Adducts: Effect of the Polyether Length on the Ion Coordination Sphere
Authors: Peddagopu Nishant , Sanzaro Salvatore , Rossi Patrizia , Paoli Paola , Malandrino Graziella 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPotassium complexes are starting to gather more and more interest from academia and industry because of their intriguing application possibilities. Novel adducts of potassium hexafluoroacetylacetonato [K(hfa)] with polyethers (monoglyme, diglyme, triglyme, and tetraglyme) were synthesized through a single step reaction and characterized through FT‐IR spectroscopy as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies enabled the identification of fascinating K coordination polymeric networks.
Heterosexual men in Trump's America downplay compassion more for masculine (than for feminine) gay victims of hate crime: Why?
Authors: Owuamalam Chuma Kevin , Matos Andrea Soledad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhy would heterosexual men downplay their compassion for masculine (vs. feminine) gay victims of hate crime? Two social identity‐inspired explanations provide contrasting answers to this question. The reactive distinctiveness thesis (RD) assumes that heterosexual men would downplay their compassion more, when cued to a gay victim's masculinity than to their femininity, provided evaluative concerns are strong. In contrast, the feminization‐threat thesis (FT) assumes that compassion downplays would be more visible when heterosexual men are cued to a gay victim's femininity (not to the victim's masculinity), provided evaluative concerns are strong too. Consistent with RD, three experiments (Ntotal = 1,475) revealed that heterosexual men who read news about (gay) victims at a hate crime scene downplayed their compassion to a greater degree when cued to the masculinity rather than to the femininity of such targets (Studies 1–3). Meanwhile FT's prediction received partial support when considering feminine (vs. masculine) heterosexual victims, rather than homosexual victims (Study 3).
Alkaline Phosphatase‐based Electrochemical Analysis for Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Kanno Yusuke , Zhou Yuanshu , Fukuma Takeshi , Takahashi Yasufumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPoint‐of‐care testing (POCT) devices have evolved to provide beneficial information about an individual's health whenever needed. Enzyme‐based analytical devices have facilitated the highly selective detection of numerous biological molecules and ions. Enzymes are commonly used as the tags of recognition components, such as antibodies, to generate and amplify detection signals. Particularly, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is one of the most widely used enzymes because of its high turnover number and low cost. Rapid response time and the incorporation of many sensors fabricated by micro/nano processing technologies are the advantages in using electrochemical devices as analytical tools. Therefore, ALP‐based electrochemical devices have potential applications for more practical POCT platforms. This review summarizes recent research progress of ALP‐based electrochemical devices for POCT. In addition to ALP substrates, the application of ALP‐based immunosensors, aptasensors, and DNAzyme sensors are discussed.
Geomorphic covariance structure of a confined mountain river reveals landform organization stage threshold
Authors: Pasternack Gregory B. , Gore Joni L. , Wiener Jason S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSignificant growth in mountain rivers research since 1990 has promoted the concept that canyon‐confined mountain rivers have complex topographic features nested from base‐ to flood‐stages due to canyon structure and abundant large bed elements. Nesting means literally structures inside of structures. Mathematically, nesting means that multiple individual features and repeating patterns exist at different frequency, amplitude, and phasing, and can be added together to obtain the complete structure. Until now, subreach‐scale landform structure, including nesting, has not been quantified sufficiently to understand morphodynamic mechanisms that control and respond to such organization. Geomorphic covariance structure analysis offers a systematic framework for evaluating nested topographic patterns. In this study, a threshold stage in mountain river inundation was hypothesized to exist. Above this stage landform structure is organized to be freely self‐maintaining via flow convergence routing morphodynamics. A 13.2 km segment of the canyon‐confined Yuba River, California, was studied using 2944 cross‐sections. Geomorphic covariance structure analysis was carried out on a meter‐resolution topographic model to test the hypothesis. River width and bed elevation had significantly less variability than previously reported for lower slope, partially confined gravel/cobble river reaches. A critical stage threshold governing flow convergence routing morphodynamics was evident in several metrics. Below this threshold, narrow/high “nozzle” and wide/low “oversized” were the dominant landforms (excluding “normal channel”), while above it wide/high “wide bar” and narrow/low “constricted pool” were dominant. Three‐stage nesting of base‐bankfull‐flood landforms was dictated by canyon confinement, with nozzle–nozzle–nozzle nesting as the top permutation, excluding normal channel.
Nonclinical psychotic‐like experiences and schizotypy dimensions: Associations with hippocampal subfield and amygdala volumes
Authors: Evermann Ulrika , Gaser Christian , Meller Tina , Pfarr Julia‐Katharina , Grezellschak Sarah , Nenadić Igor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSchizotypy and psychotic‐like experiences (PLE) form part of the wider psychosis continuum and may have brain structural correlates in nonclinical cohorts. This study aimed to compare the effects of differential schizotypy dimensions, PLE, and their interaction on hippocampal subfields and amygdala volumes in the absence of clinical psychopathology. In a cohort of 367 psychiatrically healthy individuals, we assessed schizotypal traits using the Oxford‐Liverpool Inventory of Life Experiences (O‐LIFE) and PLE using the short form of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ‐16). Based on high‐resolution structural MRI scans, we used automated segmentation to estimate volumes of limbic structures. Sex and total intracranial volume (Step 1), PLE and schizotypy dimensions (Step 2), and their interaction terms (Step 3) were entered as regressors for bilateral amygdala and hippocampal subfield volumes in hierarchical multiple linear regression models. Positive schizotypy, but not PLE, was negatively associated with left amygdala and subiculum volumes. O‐LIFE Impulsive Nonconformity, as well as the two‐way interaction between positive schizotypy and PLE, were associated with larger left subiculum volumes. None of the estimators for right hemispheric hippocampal subfield volumes survived correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings support differential associations of hippocampus subfield volumes with trait dimensions rather than PLE, and support overlap and interactions between psychometric positive schizotypy and PLE. In a healthy cohort without current psychosis risk syndromes, the positive association between PLE and hippocampal subfield volume occurred at a high expression of positive schizotypy. Further studies combining stable, transient, and genetic parameters are required.
Does a health crisis change how we value health?
Authors: Webb Edward J. D. , Kind Paul , Meads David , Martin Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeneral population health state values are used in healthcare resource allocation, including health technology assessment. We examine whether UK general population health valuations changed during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Ratings of EQ‐5D‐5L health states 11111 (no problems), 55555 (extreme problems), and dead were collected in a UK general population survey during the pandemic (April–May 2020) using the 0 = worst imaginable health, 100 = best imaginable health visual analog scale (EQ‐VAS). Ratings for 55555 were transformed to a full health = 1, dead = 0 scale. Responses were compared to similar data collected pre‐pandemic (2018). After propensity score matching to minimize sample differences, EQ‐VAS responses were analyzed using Tobit regressions. On the 0–100 scale, 11111 was rated on average 8.67 points lower, 55555 rated 9.56 points higher, and dead rated 7.45 points lower post‐pandemic onset compared to pre‐pandemic. On the full health = 1, dead = 0 scale, 55555 values were 0.09 higher post‐pandemic onset. There was evidence of differential impacts of COVID‐19 by gender, age, and ethnicity, although only age impacted values on the 1–0 scale. COVID‐19 may have affected how people value health. It is unknown whether the effect is large enough to have policy relevance, but caution should be taken in assuming pre‐COVID‐19 values are unchanged.
Comparative study of functional outcomes following surgical treatment of early tongue cancer
Authors: Pai Prathamesh , Tuljapurkar Vidisha , Balaji Arun , Mishra Aseem , Chopda Prashant , Agarwal Swapnil , Bachher Gurmeet Kaur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpeech and swallowing are important outcomes following resection in early tongue cancers.AimThis prospective study was performed to compare speech, swallowing, and tongue mobility between secondary intention healing (SH) and primary closure (PC) in glossectomy for early tongue cancers.MethodsForty T1/T2 tongue cancers underwent wide excision followed by either PC or SH. Operative time, tube feeding, complications, speech, and swallowing were assessed in both groups at 1, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery.ResultsSH showed better tongue mobility, less errors in continuous speech, and articulation as compared to PC at all‐time points. Operative time, bleeding, duration of tube feeding, and pain scores were comparable in both groups. There were no major complications except minor secondary hemorrhage in one patient with SH.ConclusionFollowing early tongue cancer resection, secondary intention healing can result in better speech and tongue mobility with minimum morbidity.
A review of the status of environmental impact assessment in Pakistan
Authors: Ehtasham Laraib , Sherani Sadia H. , Younas Kiran , Izbel Umama , Khan Amna H. , Bahadur Anila , Akbar Ali 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a process that examines the potential impacts of development projects on society and the environment. The concept of EIA originated in 1969 by the US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), followed by other developed and developing countries all over the globe. This paper reviews the legal status of EIA and its implementation, effectiveness, and deficiencies in Pakistan. EIA received legal status in Pakistan when the Environmental Protection Ordinance (PEPO) was drafted in 1983. This ordinance was then converted into the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) in 1997. Currently, EIA is conducted for many development projects in Pakistan, including infrastructure and industry projects. Environmental protection acts containing sections related to EIA and Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE; a small preliminary study for an EIA project) have been established by all Pakistani provinces, which conduct its systematic facilitation in the country. The effectiveness of the EIA/IEE process in Pakistan can be enhanced by ensuring stakeholder participation, guaranteeing transparency, providing resources to environmental agencies, and post-monitoring of EIA/IEE processes. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:314–318. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is considered a vital part of many large-scale development projects in Pakistan. The legal framework of Pakistan on national and provincial levels make the process of environmental assessment mandatory for the projects that are described in schedule I and II of Regulations 2000. Factors such as ineffective public participation, poor quality of EIA reports, and insufficient resources (financial and human) in environmental agencies are obstacles in the sound implementation of EIA.