bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cardiovascular Implications of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: how aortic stenting impacts LV function and coronary artery flow
Authors: Stonko David P , Abdou Hossam , Edwards Joseph , Elansary Noha N , Lang Eric , Hicks Caitlin W , Morrison Jonathan J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aortic stents are known to have harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. They augment left ventricular function by decreasing aortic compliance. How these cardiovascular parameters change during and immediately after deployment of aortic stents has not been rigorously quantified, despite the development of heart failure in as many as 40% of post-TEVAR survivors within one-year. Without a comprehensive understanding of how the cardiovascular system changes in response to aortic stenting, surgical or medical strategies to augment prevent these changes cannot be developed. The goal of this study is to evaluate alterations in cardiovascular physiology that develop during and after total aortic endografting in a swine model. We will employ left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume (PV) loop analysis, which provides comprehensive pump mechanical information about LV function including stroke work and cardiac output, coupled with direct coronary flow measurements to understand how these parameters change when an aortic stent is placed. Our hypotheses are that aortic stenting: 1) is associated with decreased aortic compliance and increased LV afterload, 2) augments the LV end systolic pressure relationship (i.e., stroke work and end systolic pressure increase) and 3) increases coronary blood flow but decreases the coronary flow/cardiac output ratio.
HIF-1α associated logistic regression model serves for predicting decompensation of hepatitis B cirrhosis
Authors: Chen Jun-Hui , Gu Yu-Rong , Wu Zhe-Bin , Zhang Yan-Yan , Huang Shao-Zhuo , Yang Shui-Xian , Xie Lin-Dan , Wu Yi , Liu Xiang-Fu , He Xiu-Ting , Zheng Yu-Bao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

HIF-1α is relevant to inflammation and fibrosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases. Thus, we designed a predictive model for decompensated cirrhosis.
Methods

Peripheral plasma HIF-1α levels were measured in 52 subjects, including 20 patients with HBV-related-compensated-cirrhosis (HBV-CC), 20 patients with HBV-related-decompensated-cirrhosis (HBV-DC) that underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and 12 healthy controls (HC). Portal plasma HIF-1α levels were detected in HBV-DC patients. The correlation between clinical data and HIF-1α levels was assessed, logistic regression and nomogram were used to develop prediction model.
Results

Plasma HIF-1α levels were significantly higher in HBV-DC patients than that in HBV-CC patients and healthy controls (DC: 656.34±417.96, CC: 294.23±138.03, HC: 194.63±54.14, pg/ml; P = 0.0004). Plasma HIF-1α levels were positively correlated with total bile acid, total bilirubin, APRI, FIB-4, and MELD scores, and negatively correlated with albumin and platelets. Multivariate logistic regression manifested that total bilirubin (OR = 19.439; 95% CI: 1.486–254.320, P = 0.024), spleen thickness (OR = 75.144; 95% CI: 4.157–1358.440, P = 0.003) and HIF-1α concentrations above 341.78 pg/ml (OR = 23.580; 95% CI: 1.842–301.781, P = 0.015) were markedly associated with HBV-DC and thus included in the nomogram. The terrific cut-off value for the probability of HBV-DC was > 45%, and area under the curve was 0.954 (P < 0.001), with 95% sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusions

HIF-1α is related to biochemical liver parameters, cirrhosis grade, and progression to HBV-DC. Our model has preferable predictive value for HBV-DC.
Analysis of Relay Protection System Comparison for Better Identification of Faults in High Voltage AC Transmission Lines
Authors: Fazal Rimsha , Aslam Arooj , Manzoor Habib Ullah , Manzoor Tareq 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A high voltage protection system is designed to protect the system against the hazards like instant high voltage condition like lightening voltage in the rain, power variation in the transmission lines etc. In these conditions, our system may face a voltage twice and thrice greater than its original nominal ratings. In this paper, performance of four different relays (overcurrent relay, over and under voltage relay, distance relay and differential relay) have been calculated based on operating time in 400KV high voltage AC transmission line of 80-250km under different faults, modeled on MATLAB for the identification of different types of faults in a transmission line. These relays can differentiate between the normal operating condition and fault conditions. In this paper simulation comparison of these four relays is presented by comparing their operating time in Single line to ground fault (LG), three phase fault (LLLG) and Double phase to ground fault (LLG). The output waveforms are observed under the normal condition or no-fault condition and in the fault condition and response time is calculated to operate a circuit breaker.
Complex Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory signaling in Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer
Authors: Dharshini Loganathan Chandramani Priya , Sakthivel Kunnathur Murugesan , Kathirvelan Chinnadurai , R Rasmi R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are closely related with cancer progression and neurodegenerative diseases. Excess ROS generated either oxidize biomolecules or triggers the signaling cascade thereby activating inflammation. The activation of inflammation causes immune cells to secrete cytokines and chemokines which recruits various immune cells to the site of infection or oxidative stress. This interrelation between oxidative stress and inflammation in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases is discussed in the article.
Methods

The role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cancer progression and neurodegenerative disease related literature were collected to obtain data. A narrative review was constructed after obtaining all the relevant information to provide a detailed note on it.
Results

In cancer, OS and inflammation aids in various oncogenic metabolic events including proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metabolic changes and evading programmed cell death. The disproportion between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the body is termed as OS which damages the macromolecules (nucleic acids, lipids and proteins). It leads to dysfunction in biological signaling cascade. Prolonged oxidative stress triggers inflammation by stimulating transcription factors (NF-κB, p53, HIF-1α, PPAR-γ, Nrf2, AP-1) which altered expression of various other genes and proteins such as growth factors, tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, pro-inflammatory cytokines etc., triggering cancer cells survival. In neurodegenerative diseases, both OS and inflammation activates astrocytes and microglia, which in turn altered energy metabolism, proteostasis and redox signaling in brain by activating various protein kinases.
Conclusion

The present review article delineates the complex interplay between OS and inflammation in some cancers (Colorectal, breast and lung cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease).
Variable Curvature Modelling Method of Continuum Robots with Contraints
Authors: Chen Peng , Yu Yi , Liu Yuwang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The inherent compliance of continuum robots holds great promise in the fields of soft manipulation and safe human-robot interaction. This compliance reduces the risk of damage to the manipulated object and the surroundings. However, continuum robots have theoretically infinite degrees of freedom, and this high flexibility usually leads to complex deformations with external forces and positional constraints. How to describe this complex deformation is the main challenge for modelling continuum robots. In this study, we investigated a novel variable curvature modeling method for continuum robots, considering external forces and positional constraints. The robot configuration curve is described by the developed mechanics model, and then the robot is fitted to the curve. To validate the model, a 10-section continuum robot prototype with a length of 1 m was developed. The ability of the robot to reach the target points and track complex trajectories with load verified the feasibility and accuracy of the model. The ratio of the average position error of the robot endpoint to the robot length was less than 2.38%. This work may serve a new perspective for design analysis and motion control of continuum robots.
Adolescents’ Perceptions of Sexual and Reproductive Health: Does the Adolescent School Health Club Intervention Matter?
Authors: Darko Nana Akosua Konadu , Glozah Franklin N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to examine variations in perceptions of sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in Junior High Schools that implement the Adolescent health club intervention and those that do not. Methods: A cross-sectional quasi-experimental study design was used consisting of 424 adolescents (255 females) between 11years and 19 years old in schools that implement (private) and schools that do not implement (private and public) the intervention. Data was collected using a standardised questionnaire eliciting information about participants’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards their sexual and reproductive health. Chi squares, multiple regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance statistical techniques were used to analyse the data.Results: There were significant variations in knowledge about reproductive physiology and knowledge about condom use. Private schools with the health club intervention reported higher scores on both knowledge about reproductive physiology and knowledge about condom. Adolescents in private schools with the intervention had a more positive attitude towards abstinence. Adolescents in schools with the intervention were less likely to have had sex, use condoms, or have friends who have had sex compared to adolescents in schools that do to implement the intervention. Conclusion: The Adolescent health club intervention has a significant influence on Ghanaian adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health particularly knowledge about reproductive physiology and knowledge about condoms. It is recommended that the intervention be scaled up and intensified in Junior High Schools in Ghana.
Nematode as a Cause of Appendicular–Cutaneous Fistula
Authors: Yu Jiangtao , Sun Qingfei , Shan Ying , Zheng Xiangyun , Zhang Huanhu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCutaneous fistula may develop spontaneously as a complication of an perforating appendicitis. However, intestinal fistula caused by parasites is a rare report.Case presentationIn the operation, we found that expanded appendix was perforated from its distal part and was fistulized to the right lateral abdominal wall. The complications of postoperative was intestinal fistula. Colonoscopy was performed revealing some nematode around the appendiceal orifice. The development of fistula after bowel resection and anastomosis can be devastating. Immediate drainage and establishment of enteral nutrition can lead to spontaneous healing of fistula.ConclusionsTesting for nematode infection in a patient with suspected appendicitis is not routine, it still stands as a challenge in clinical practice. In view of this situation, killing parasites is necessary, otherwise it is difficult to cure.
Injury Rates in Female and Male Military Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schram Ben , Canetti Elisa , Orr Rob , Pope Rodney 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: An effective military force is required to be agile, capable, efficient, and potent. Injuries to military personnel interrupt active-duty service and can detract from overall capability. These injuries are associated with a high individual and organizational burden, with lost work time and financial costs - all problematic for the ongoing functioning of a military force. Injury control strategies have therefore been described as force multipliers. Female personnel form an integral part of any modern defence force, but little research has examined their specific experiences of injury, to inform targeted injury control efforts. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise findings from studies of injury rates and patterns in female military personnel, comparing them to those of male personnel.Methods: A systematic search was conducted for studies which compared injury rates between the sexes at any stage of military service, from basic training through to deployment. Databases searched included PUBMED, CINAHL and Medline through OVID. Methodological quality of eligible articles was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and AXIS tools and data were extracted, synthesized, and, where possible, underwent meta-analysis.Results: Of 2287 identified studies, a total of 25 studies were eligible and included. Methodological quality ranged from 60% up to a perfect score of 100%, with an average of 82% across all studies. Relative risks for injuries (reported as RR [95%CI]) to females when compared to males were 2.10 [1.89-2.33] during basic training, 1.70 [1.33–2.17] during officer training, and 1.23 [1.05-1.43] post initial training. After adjustment for differences between the sexes in average fitness levels (2-mile run time), there was no longer a significant difference in injury rates (adjusted RR: 0.95 [0.86-1.05]). Female personnel tended to make bigger improvements in their fitness during basic training than males and tended to report their injuries more frequently and sooner than males. Conclusion While this review found a higher rate of reported injuries in female military personnel when compared to male personnel, differences between the sexes in average fitness levels and injury reporting behaviours may largely explain this rate difference. The difference in rates of reported injuries was greatest during basic training, and reduced thereafter, possibly due in part to a reduced difference in fitness between the sexes or increased opportunity to self-determine workloads relative to fitness levels.
Pandemic-Related Differences in Physical and Mental Health of Older Adults
Authors: Lau Chun Fatt , Shahimi Nur Husna , Mat Sumaiyah , Kioh Sheng Hui , Khoo Ee Ming , Zakaria Mohd Idzwan , Khaliddin Nurliza , Mazlan Mazlina , Khoo Selina , Saedon Nor Izzati , Khor Hui Min , Nyman Samuel R , Morgan Karen , Tan Maw Pin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in data collection methods have been introduced in research to ensure continuity despite physical distancing and lockdown restrictions. However, little is currently known about the potential differences in information collected using these traditional face-to-face methods compared to the incorporation of virtual methods to address the above, particularly in studies involving older adults.
Aims

Our objectives were, therefore, to compare data collected during the pandemic using hybrid methods from older individuals participating in falls research to that collected through traditional face-to-face methods.
Methods

Participants comprised of individuals recruited to two fall studies which hurdled the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both studies recruited individuals aged 60 years and over with at least one fall in the past 12 months, and controls with no history of falls in the past 12 months. Pre-pandemic, individuals were interviewed face-to-face exclusively, those interviews after the start of the pandemic were conducted virtually with physical assessments conducted face-to-face to minimize physical contact. Cognitive, physical, and psychological status were determined using the visual cognitive assessment tool (VCAT), timed-up-and-go (TUG), functional reach (FR), handgrip strength (HGS), and the 21-item depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). In addition quality of life, physical activity and social participation were also measured.
Results

Of the 145 participants (median age (interquartile range, IQR) of 73.5 (67-81) years), 69 (47.6%) were interviewed face-to-face, while 76 (53.4%) were assessed using a hybrid method. Participants in both groups had similar age, gender, ethnic breakdown, marital status, education levels, anthropometric measurements, and medication burden. More face-to-face participants had hypertension and fall compared to hybrid participants Differences were observed in presence of fall characteristics, with fewer fallers seeing a doctor and more fallers attending the emergency department after the start of the pandemic. After adjustment for baseline differences, participants interviewed using hybrid status had lower depression scores (odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI)=0.29(0.14-0.61) and stress scores (OR(95%CI)=0.33(0.15-0.72)), but greater fear of falling (OR(95%CI)=2.16(1.04-4.48)) and reduced social participation (OR(95%CI)=2.64(1.20-5.79)).
Conclusion

Alterations in recruitment and data collection methods to overcome pandemic restrictions should take into consideration potential differences in individuals who agree to participate as well as the influence of major life events on the psychological status of participants.
Maize Yield Forecast Using GIS and Remote Sensing The Case of Kaffa Zone, South Western Ethiopia
Authors: Biru Dereje , . Jemal Tefera 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Policy makers, government planners and agriculturalist in Ethiopia require accurate and timely information about maize yield and production. Kaffa zone is by far the most important maize producing zone in the country. The manual collection of field data and data processing for crop forecasting by the CSA requires significant amounts of time before official reports are released. Several studies have shown that maize yield can be effectively forecast using satellite remote sensing data. The objectives of this study were to develop a maize yield forecast model in kaffa Zone derived from time series data of eMODIS_NDVI, actual and potential evapotranspiration and CHIRPS for the years 2008-2017.Official grain yield data from the Central statistical Agency of Ethiopia was used to validate the strength of the indices in explaining the yield. Crop masking at crop land area was applied and refined by using agro ecological zones suitable for the crop of interest. Correlation analyses were used to determine associations among crop yield, spectral indices and agro meteorological variables for maize crop of the long rainy season (kiremt). Indices with high correlation with maize yield were identified. Results: Average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and rainfall have high correlation of maize yield with 84% and 89%, respectively. That means their variables are positively strong related with maize yield. The generated spectro-agro meteorological yield model was successfully tested against the Central Statistical Agency's expected Zone level yields (r2= 0.89, RMSE = 1.54qha1, and 16.7% coefficient of variation).Conclusions: Thus, remote sensing and geographical information system based maize yield forecast improved quality and timelines of the data besides distinguishing yield production levels/areas and making intervention very easy for the decision makers there by proving the clear potential of spectro-agro meteorological factors for maize yield forecasting, particularly for Ethiopia.
A Multiple Sclerosis Patient Benefitting from CSF Flow Enhancement Had Imaging Signs of "Glymphatic-Lymphatic System Disease." Case Report
Authors: Scollato Antonio , Lolli Francesco , Lastrucci Giancarlo , Repice Anna , De Santis Giuseppe , Nicoletti Claudio , Porfirio Berardino , Gallina Pasquale 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The derangement of CSF circulation impacts the functions of glymphatic-lymphatic system (G-Ls), which regulates solute trafficking and immune surveillance in the CNS. The imaging features of dilated perivascular spaces imply the substantial impairment of the G-Ls and can be easily estimated It has been proposed that multiple sclerosis can be viewed as a disease involving a failure component and therapeutically could be targeted as such.Case presentationWe report the case of a female patient diagnosed with primary progressive multiple sclerosis, also presenting perivascular spaces dilatation, who transiently improved after CSF shunt diversions. ConclusionsThe G-Ls failure leads to dysregulation of waste molecule clearance in the brain and an altered CNS immune response, potentially in many diseases. The clinical improvement observed in our patient may relate to an increased clearance of inflammatory mediators following the G-Ls reestablishment obtained by CSF flow enhancement.
Posterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma Causing Tonsillar Herniation and Giant Cervicothoracic Syringomyelia, Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Hong Estelle Anne How , Ahmed Shalid , Deepak Srihari , Kounin Gueorgui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Syringomyelia is a fluid-filled cyst within the spinal cord and usually associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation. Posterior cranial fossa tumours are a rare cause of tonsillar herniation and secondary syringomyelia.
Case Presentation:

We report a rare case of a 56-year-old female with posterior cranial meningioma and secondary syringomyelia, admitted with headache, nausea, vomiting, and ataxic gait. MRI demonstrated a large posterior fossa lesion causing early ventriculomegaly and syrinx within the upper spinal cord extending from the hindbrain inferiorly to the level of T8. She underwent a posterior fossa craniectomy with left C1 hemilaminectomy and complete excision of the tumour. In 6 months following her procedure, MRI scan showed a significant reduction in the calibre of the syringomyelia throughout its length and there was a significant improvement in symptoms.
Literature review:

A PubMed literature search was carried out with keywords: “syringomyelia”, “posterior fossa” and “tumour”. 120 articles were reviewed. The inclusion criteria for this study was posterior fossa meningioma causing syrinx formation. A total of 9 isolated similar cases were identified.
Discussion

Tonsillar herniation and syringomyelia secondary to posterior cranial fossa meningioma are rare. The alteration in the dynamic flow of CSF is likely to be the cause for the formation and enlargement of the syrinx.
Conclusion

Although the pathophysiology of syrinx formation is still poorly understood, the alteration of CSF dynamic has been implicated, but a common unifying cause appears to be increased transcranial difference in intracranial pressure across the foramen magnum causing tonsillar herniation, irrespective of location in the posterior fossa. Posterior fossa craniotomy and excision of the lesion is the mainstay treatment.