bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system development in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L. 1758)
Authors: de Almeida da Anunciação Adriana Raquel , Favaron Phelipe Oliveira , de Morais‐Pinto Luciano , de Carvalho Carla Maria Figueiredo , dos Santos Martins Daniele , Conei Daniel , del Sol Mariano , Vásquez Bélgica , Miglino Maria Angelica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study describes the embryonic and fetal development of the central nervous system in rabbits from the seventh day after conception until the end of the full‐term fetal period. A total of 19 embryonic and fetal samples were carefully dissected and microscopically analyzed. Neural tube closure was observed between 7.5 and 8 days of gestation. Primordial encephalic vesicle differentiation and spinal canal delimitation were observed on the 12th day of gestation. Histologically, on the 15th day of gestation, the brain, cerebellum, and brain stem were delimited. On the 18th day of gestation, the cervical and lumbar intumescences of the spinal cord were visible. On the 28th day of gestation, four‐cell layers could be distinguished in the cerebral cortex, while the cerebellar cortex was still differentiating. Overall, the morphological aspects of the embryonic and fetal developmental phases in rabbits were highly similar to those in humans. Thus, the present study provides relevant information highlighting rabbits as an excellent candidate animal model for preclinical research on human neurological diseases given the high adaptability of rabbits to bioterium conditions and the similarity of morphological events between rabbits and humans.
External beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: What are the current research trends and hotspots?
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Xia , Yang Bo , Qiu Jie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) applied for prostate cancer (PCa) has been one of the most important and hottest research fields over recent decades. This study aimed to explore the research hotspots of EBRT in PCa and help the researchers have a clear and intuitive reference basis for later researches.MethodsThe literature scientometric analysis related to “EBRT applied for PCa” was conducted via the Web of Science Core Collection from 2010 to 2019. The Microsoft Office Excel 2019 and CiteSpace V. 5.7.R1 software were introduced for visualizing and analyzing the data.ResultsA total of 7860 relevant papers were extracted and downloaded. A total of 7828 papers were extracted and analyzed after data cleansing by CiteSpace. The tendency of published papers was comprehensively increasing from 2010 to 2019. Among all 73 countries/regions, USA published the most papers, accounting for 39%, which was the most active contributor with most publications. Australia (Centrality: 0.18), England (Centrality: 0.12) were cooperating most cohesively with other countries. Univ Toronto was the most productive institute (229), while Harvard Univ (Centrality: 0.67) had extensive collaborations with other institutes. The International journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics had the largest number of publications and the highest number of co‐citations. Briganti A had the largest volume of publications. D'Amico AV had the highest number of co‐citations. Four latest and largest clusters were identified as oligometastases, salvage therapy (SRT), prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and hypofractionation. Thirteen references became strongest burst citations lasting until 2019. The studies of “oligometastases,” “SRT,” “PSMA,” “hypofractionation,” “postoperative radiotherapy,” and “dose and fraction regimen changes” were prevailing in the recent years.ConclusionThe “oligometastases,” “SRT,” “PSMA,” “hypofractionation,” “postoperative radiotherapy,” and “dose and fraction regimen changes” may be the state‐of‐art research frontiers, and related studies will advance in this field over time.
Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived Bismuth Nanosheets for Electrochemical and Solar‐Driven Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Zhang Bo , Cao Shuyan , Wu Yunzhen , Zhai Panlong , Li Zhuwei , Zhang Yanting , Fan Zhaozhong , Wang Chen , Zhang Xiaomeng , Hou Jungang , Sun Licheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising way to achieve CO2 fixation and energy storage. However, it is a challenge to develop the potential electrocatalysts with excellent performance and selectivity. Herein, bismuth nanosheet arrays (Bi/CC‐17) are prepared through an in situ electrochemical transformation strategy by use of Bi‐based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as the precursors, which are then attached on carbon cloth. The as‐synthesized Bi/CC‐17 nanosheet arrays achieve considerable partial current density of 45 mA cm−2 and remarkably high faradic efficiency of 98 % at the potential of −1.1 V versus RHE for the conversion of CO2 to formate, outperforming most previously reported electrocatalysts. In particular, the solar‐driven In2O3/In2S3∥Bi two‐electrode system with a In2O3/In2S3‐based photoanode and typical Bi‐based cathode achieves high faradaic efficiencies of ≥90 % for HCOOH formation, from −0.6 to −1.6 V versus the counter electrode (vs. CE). This work paves an avenue to develop MOF‐derived electrocatalysts for sustainable conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals.
Complications of left ventricular assist devices causing high urgency status on waiting list: impact on outcome after heart transplantation
Authors: Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Boeken Udo , Mueller Franziska , Prashovikj Emir , Morshuis Michiel , Böttger Charlotte , Aubin Hug , Gummert Jan , Akhyari Payam , Lichtenberg Artur , Schramm René 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsHeart transplantation (HTx) represents optimal care for advanced heart failure. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are often needed as a bridge‐to‐transplant (BTT) therapy to support patients during the wait for a donor organ. Prolonged support increases the risk for LVAD complications that may affect the outcome after HTx.Methods and resultsA total of 342 patients undergoing HTx after LVAD as BTT in a 10‐year period in two German high‐volume HTx centres were retrospectively analysed. While 73 patients were transplanted without LVAD complications and with regular waiting list status (T, n = 73), the remaining 269 patients were transplanted with high urgency status (HU) and further divided with regard to the observed leading LVAD complications (infection: HU1, n = 91; thrombosis: HU2, n = 32; stroke: HU3, n = 38; right heart failure: HU4, n = 41; arrhythmia: HU5, n = 23; bleeding: HU6, n = 18; device malfunction: HU7, n = 26). Postoperative hospitalization was prolonged in patients with LVAD complications. Analyses of perioperative morbidity revealed no differences regarding primary graft dysfunction, renal failure, and neurological events except postoperative infections. Short‐term survival, as well as Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, indicated comparable results between the different study groups without disadvantages for patients with LVAD complications.ConclusionsLeft ventricular assist device therapy can impair the outcome after HTx. However, the occurrence of LVAD complications may not impact on outcome after HTx. Thus, we cannot support the prioritization or discrimination of HTx candidates according to distinct mechanical circulatory support‐associated complications. Future allocation strategies have to respect that device‐related complications may define urgency but do not impact on the outcome after HTx.
Halide perovskite composites for photocatalysis: A mini review
Authors: Luo Jianqiang , Zhang Wanwen , Yang Hongbin , Fan Qiangwen , Xiong Fengqiang , Liu Shujuan , Li Dong‐Sheng , Liu Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHalide perovskites have attracted increasing scientific interests for photocatalysis because of their remarkable opto‐electronic properties, such as optimal band structures, long charge carrier lifetimes, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and so on. However, pure halide perovskites generally face problems of low stability, lack of active sites, and ineffective extraction of carriers, which limit their applications in photocatalytic reactions. To improve the photocatalytic activity and stability, halide perovskites are composited with other materials. Herein in this mini review, we summarize the recent progresses on the design and development of halide perovskite composites for various photocatalytic reactions including photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, photocatalytic pollutant degradation reaction, and so on. Finally, an outlook of halide perovskite for photocatalysis is provided to point up the future challenges and the possible solutions.image
Environmental factors and thresholds for nitrogen fixation by phytoplankton in tropical reservoirs
Authors: Moutinho Fellipe H. M. , Marafão Gabriela A. , Calijuri Maria do Carmo , Moreira Marcelo Z. , Marcarelli Amy M. , Cunha Davi G. F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn theory, the phytoplankton community of freshwater ecosystems with low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) can obtain this element by atmospheric nitrogen (N2) fixation. This process could explain the dominance of cyanobacteria in tropical reservoirs, yet is rarely quantified in these systems. Assessing the factors related to N2fixation can assist in the management of cyanobacterial blooms. Our study characterized environmental factors related to N2fixation in Brazilian tropical reservoirs with contrasting trophic states, and defined quantitative thresholds for water chemistry and physical characteristics that stimulated N2fixation. We used field assays with15N for estimating N2fixation rates by phytoplankton. The highest rates normalized by chlorophyll‐a(maximum of 143 × 10−4 μg‐N μg‐Chl‐a−1 h−1) coincided with eutrophic conditions and presence of diazotrophs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis provided significant thresholds for water temperature (≥22°C), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (≥3.0 μg‐P L−1), total phosphorus (TP) (≥20.5 μg‐P L−1), DIN:SRP (≤487) and DIN:TP (≤82) molar ratios, chlorophyll‐a(≥12 μg L−1), and total suspended solids (≥4 mg L−1). Censored regressions confirmed that temperature, chlorophyll‐a, and phosphorus were important predictors of N2fixation rates. In general, the N2fixation rates determined in this study were lower than those found for temperate reservoirs. However, the temperature threshold of 22°C or above, identified in our analysis, suggests that phytoplankton have the potential to fix N2throughout the year in tropical reservoirs. Our results suggested that phosphorus is the main nutrient controlling the rates of N2fixation when N2‐fixing cyanobacteria were present. Phosphorus abatement is, thus, crucial for managing the trophic state and controlling N2‐fixing cyanobacteria in these ecosystems.
Heterogeneous induction of an invasive phenotype in prostate cancer cells by coculturing with patient‐derived fibroblasts
Authors: Ishii Kenichiro , Nakagawa Yasuhisa , Matsuda Chise , Katoh Daisuke , Ichishi Masako , Shirai Taku , Hirokawa Yoshifumi , Fujiwara Masaya , Sugimura Yoshiki , Watanabe Masatoshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) cells frequently invade the surrounding stroma, leading to heterogeneous formation of structural atypia. The surrounding stroma contains multiple functionally diverse populations of fibroblasts that trigger numerous changes in PCa cells including motility. Thus, we hypothesized that direct or indirect contact of PCa cells with fibroblasts determines an invasive phenotype in PCa cells. We investigated the effects of 10 different patient‐derived fibroblast lines on the three‐dimensional (3D) morphogenesis of PCa cells growing on a viscous substrate in vitro. When grown alone, all 10 patient‐derived fibroblast lines clumped on the viscous substrate, whereas the human androgen‐sensitive PCa cell line LNCaP did not. Cocultures of LNCaP cells with seven of the patient‐derived fibroblast lines (PrSC, pcPrF‐M5, pcPrF‐M7, pcPrF‐M23, pcPrF‐M24, pcPrF‐M28, and pcPrF‐M31) formed a thick fibroblast layer that resembled human prostate stromal structures. In contrast, cocultures of LNCaP cells with the remaining three fibroblast lines (NPF‐M13, pcPrF‐M10, and pcPrF‐M26) did not form a thick fibroblast layer. Of the seven fibroblast lines that caused thick layer formation, four patient‐derived fibroblast lines (PrSC, pcPrF‐M5, pcPrF‐M28, and pcPrF‐M31) induced an invasive phenotype in LNCaP cells with a cord‐like infiltrating growth pattern, whereas the other three fibroblast lines (pcPrF‐M7, pcPrF‐M23, and pcPrF‐M24) induced no or a very weak invasive phenotype. Using cell culture inserts, none of the four patient‐derived fibroblast lines that induced an invasive phenotype (PrSC, pcPrF‐M5, pcPrF‐M28, and pcPrF‐M31) affected CDH1 mRNA expression in LNCaP cells; yet, two patient‐derived fibroblast lines (pcPrF‐M5 and pcPrF‐M28) increased CDH2 mRNA expression in LNCaP cells, whereas the other two fibroblast lines (PrSC and pcPrF‐M31) did not. These results suggest that the existence of multiple functionally diverse populations of fibroblasts in PCa tissue may be responsible for the diversity in PCa cell invasion, leading to heterogeneous formation of structural atypia.
Thioxothiazolidin derivative, 4‐OST, inhibits melanogenesis by enhancing the specific recruitment of tyrosinase‐containing vesicles to lysosome
Authors: Isogawa Kenta , Asano Masataka , Hayazaki Masumi , Koga Kenichi , Watanabe Miyu , Suzuki Keiichi , Kobayashi Takahiro , Kawaguchi Kyoka , Ishizuka Akane , Kato Shinya , Ito Hironari , Hamamoto Akie , Koyama Hiroko , Furuta Kyoji , Takemori Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTyrosinase catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in melanin synthesis. Melanin is synthesized from l‐tyrosin in the melanosomes, where tyrosinase and other melanogenic factors are recruited via the vesicle transport system. Genetic and biochemical approaches have revealed a correlation between impairments in the vesicle transport system and albinism. However, the specificity of the individual transport systems for the corresponding melanogenic factors has not been well elucidated yet. Here, we report that the thioxothiazolidin derivative, 4‐OST (4‐[(5E)‐5‐[(4‐fluorophenyl)methylidene]‐4‐oxo‐2‐sulfanylidene‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐3‐yl]‐4‐azatricyclo [5.2.1.02,6]dec‐8‐ene‐3,5‐dione: CAS RN. 477766‐87‐3) strongly inhibited melanogenesis in mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. 4‐OST reduces tyrosinase protein levels without affecting its messenger RNA levels or enzymatic activity. Although a reduction in tyrosinase protein level was observed in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor, the reduction may be coupled with protein synthesis. Similarly, GIF‐2202 (a derivative of 4‐OST) lowers tyrosinase protein levels without affecting the levels of another melanogenic enzyme, tyrosinase‐related protein 1 (TYRP1) level. The reduction in tyrosinase protein level is associated with an increase in the levels of the lysosomal proteinase cathepsin S. Chloroquine, a lysosome inhibitor, restored the tyrosinase protein level downregulated by GIF‐2202, although no effects of other inhibitors (against proteasome, autophagy, or exocytosis) were observed. In addition, GIF‐2202 segregated the immunofluorescence signals of tyrosinase from those of TYRP1. Chloroquine treatment resulted in co‐localization of tyrosinase and cathepsin S signals near the perinuclear region, suggesting that 4‐OST and GIF‐2202 may alter the destination of the tyrosinase vesicle from the melanosome to the lysosome. 4‐OST and GIF‐2202 can be new tools for studying the tyrosinase‐specific vesicle transport system.
Predictive potential of spectrum‐based topological descriptors for measuring theπ‐electronic energy of benzenoid hydrocarbons with applications to boron triangular and boronα‐nanotubes
Authors: Malik Muhammad Yasir Hayat , Hayat Sakander , Khan Suliman , Binyamin Muhammad Ahsan 
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we determine the efficiency of all commonly occurring eigenvalues‐based topological descriptors for measuring theπ‐electronic energy of lower polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Results show some favorable outcomes as the spectrum‐based descriptors such as the adjacency energy, the arithmetic‐geometric energy, the geometric‐arithmetic energy, and the adjacency Estrada index have the best correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 among all others. However, certain well‐known spectrum‐based descriptors such as the adjacency, Laplacian & signless Laplacian spectral radii, and the first & second Zagreb Estrada indices show considerably weak performance. Poor performances of the first & second Zagreb Estrada indices are, in general, unexpected. The arithmetic‐geometric and geometric‐arithmetic energies with correlation coefficients 0.99997 and 0.99996, respectively, are warranted for further use in quantitative structure activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) models. Based on our comparative testing, we generate a priority list of the top five spectrum‐based topological descriptors for measuring theπ‐electronic energy. These best preforming descriptors are then studied for certain infinite families of boron triangular and boronα‐nanotubes. The results help in determining theπ‐electronic energy of these families of boron nanotubes.Combining our results with similar results studied in literature, we conclude that among all the classes of topological descriptors, spectrum‐based descriptors are the best in correlating theπ‐electronic energy.
Measuring efficiency of Indian states for reducing poverty using data envelopment analysis
Authors: Ambarkhane Dilip , Singh Ardhendu Shekhar , Venkataramani Bhama 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSustainable development goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 emphasize on poverty reduction and inclusive growth. In India, development policies focusing on poverty reduction have been implemented since independence. However, there is evidence of rising inequality and slowing down of the rate of poverty reduction, after the introduction of economic reforms. The state governments in India have an important role to play in poverty alleviation. Thus, it is necessary to measure the performance of the states in respect of the same. Data envelopment analysis is used by considering input variables, namely, growth, development expenditure, irrigation, and government performance. Percentage of non‐poor is used as an output variable. This paper measures efficiency with which poverty has been alleviated in 19 states covering 90% population, for the years 2006, 2010, and 2014. Resource‐rich states are found to be inefficient, whereas states with resource scarcity use them efficiently. Moreover, poor states with lower per capita gross domestic product (GDP) are found to be more efficient as compared to those with higher per capita GDP. The states with high incidence of poverty are found to be catching up with states with low incidence of poverty. It is found that inequality and high indebtedness adversely impact the efficiency of states.
Managing Current Climate Variability Can Ensure Water Security Under Climate Change
Authors: Muller Mike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWater resources will be significantly impacted upon by climate change, and these impacts will be transmitted to the many sectors and services dependent on them. The nature, extent, and timing of these impacts remain uncertain, but the long lifetime of water infrastructures requires that their planning, development, and operations should be resilient to climate changes. An effective approach is to focus on the management of current climate variability as it relates to water, which strengthens the ability of communities and countries to foresee, manage, and adapt to the impacts of longer-term climate change on water-related activities. This approach is illustrated by cases from Southern and Eastern Africa.Current “stationary” stochastic methods of hydrological analysis can still be used under assumptions of a “dynamic stationarity” although more regular updating of hydrological data will be required. Methodologies to evaluate economic dimensions of risk reduction introduce additional uncertainties but may help decision-makers to understand the risks and opportunities. Diversification of sources and sequencing of resource development pathways are helpful strategies to adapt to climate change but must ensure that risks affecting different sources are not correlated. Attention must also be given to demand-side interventions in order to reconcile supply and demand, and these perspectives must be shared with social, economic, and political actors to ensure that strategies are communicated, understood, and supported by the wider community.
Veränderung der psychischen Belastung in der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland: Ängste, individuelles Verhalten und die Relevanz von Information sowie Vertrauen in Behörden
Authors: Skoda Eva-Maria , Spura Anke , De Bock Freia , Schweda Adam , Dörrie Nora , Fink Madeleine , Musche Venja , Weismüller Benjamin , Benecke Anke , Kohler Hannah , Junne Florian , Graf Johanna , Bäuerle Alexander , Teufel Martin 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit zeigten sich bereits früh. Das Ausmaß der Auswirkungen, insbesondere kumulativ über die lang anhaltende Zeit der Pandemie, ist für Deutschland noch nicht umfassend untersucht worden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Studie war es, psychische Belastungen sowie COVID-19-bezogene Erlebens- und Verhaltensweisen zu erheben und deren Veränderung über die verschiedenen Phasen der Pandemie in Deutschland darzustellen.

Material und Methoden
In die deutschlandweite onlinebasierte Querschnittsstudie (10.03.–27.07.2020) konnten 22.961 Menschen eingeschlossen werden (Convenience Sample). Erhoben wurden: generalisierte Angst (GAD-7), Depression (PHQ-2), psychischer Distress (DT) sowie COVID-19-bezogene Erlebens- und Verhaltensweisen wie COVID-19-bezogene Angst, Vertrauen in staatliche Maßnahmen, subjektives Informiertheitslevel, adhärentes Sicherheitsverhalten und persönliche Risikoeinschätzung für Ansteckung/Erkrankungsschwere. Die Pandemie wurde retrospektiv in 5 Phasen (Anfangs‑, Krisen‑, Lockdown‑, Neuorientierungsphase und „neue Normalität“) eingeteilt.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigten sich im Vergleich zu Prä-COVID-19-Referenzwerten anhaltend erhöhte Werte in GAD‑7, PHQ‑2 und DT. COVID-19-bezogene Angst, Informiertheitslevel, Vertrauen, Sicherheitsverhalten und die Einschätzung, an COVID-19 zu erkranken, zeigten, nach initial starkem Anstieg, einen Abfall bis z. T. unter den Ausgangswert. Ausnahme waren konstante Einschätzungen, einen schweren Verlauf von COVID-19 zu haben bzw. daran zu versterben.

Diskussion
Die durch alle Pandemiephasen anhaltend erhöhten Werte psychischer Belastung verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit nachhaltiger Unterstützungsangebote. Sinkende Werte in Bezug auf Vertrauen in staatliche Maßnahmen und das subjektive Informiertheitslevel unterstreichen das Gebot gezielter Aufklärung.
Benzoyl ester formation in Aspergillus ustus by hijacking the polyketide acyl intermediates with alcohols
Authors: Zheng Liujuan , Li Shu-Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccumulation of two benzoyl esters in Aspergillus ustus after feeding with alcohols was reported 30 years ago. To the best of our knowledge, the biosynthesis for these esters has not been elucidated prior to this study. Here, we demonstrate that these compounds are artifical products of the phenethyl polyketide ustethylin A biosynthestic pathway. In addition, four aditional benzoyl esters with different methylation levels were also isolated and identified as shunt products. Feeding experiments provided evidence that the enzyme-bound polyketide acyl intermediates are hijacked by externally fed MeOH or EtOH, leading to the formation of the benzoyl esters.
Graphic abstract