bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly Synthesized Chromophore‐linked Iodonium Salts as Photoinitiators of Free Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Peng X. , Yao M. , Xiao P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIodonium salts are the topic of interest in the field of photopolymerization as they act as effective photoinitiators and generators of photoacid. Yet, the current commercially available iodonium salts have low absorption above 300 nm whereby limiting the use of the long‐wavelength of light irradiations to trigger polymerization. Iodonium salts are thus generally used in couples with photosensitizers (e.g., dyes) to extend the usage under irradiation of red‐shifted light wavelength. In this research, the synthesis of chromophore‐linked (anthraquinone‐based and flavone‐based chromophores) iodonium salts is present. They can initiate free radical polymerization with 320–480 nm irradiation and show much better photoinitiation ability as compared to commercial iodonium salts, especially when they act as mono‐component photoinitiators. Steady‐state photolysis and electron spin resonance spin trapping experiments are also carried out to evaluate the relevant photochemical mechanism.
Recent Advances in Stimuli‐Responsive Commodity Polymers
Authors: Wang Siyang , Liu Qianhui , Li Lei , Urban Marek W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKnown for their adaptability to surroundings, capability of transport control of molecules, or the ability of converting one type of energy to another as a result of external or internal stimuli, responsive polymers play a significant role in advancing scientific discoveries that may lead to an array of diverge applications. This review outlines recent advances in the developments of selected commodity polymers equipped with stimuli‐responsiveness to temperature, pH, ionic strength, enzyme or glucose levels, carbon dioxide, water, redox agents, electromagnetic radiation, or electric and magnetic fields. Utilized diverse applications ranging from drug delivery to biosensing, dynamic structural components to color‐changing coatings, this review focuses on commodity acrylics, epoxies, esters, carbonates, urethanes, and siloxane‐based polymers containing responsive elements built into their architecture. In the context of stimuli‐responsive chemistries, current technological advances as well as a critical outline of future opportunities and applications are also tackled.
Reliability of ultrasound imaging of pelvic floor morphology and function among females who have undergone pelvic radiotherapy
Authors: Bernard Stéphanie , Frenette Anne‐Gabrielle , McLean Linda , Noël Patricia , Froment Marie‐Anne , Hébert Luc J. , Moffet Hélène 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of two‐dimensional (2D) transperineal ultrasound imaging (USI) measures of bladder wall thickness (BWT), urethral length (UL), and parameters related to levator plate length (LP) and transient changes in LP during pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction, and on Valsalva in women who received radiation therapy (RT) for treatment of pelvic cancer.MethodsTwenty women with a history of RT for the treatment of pelvic cancer were assessed independently by two raters on the same day. Five outcomes were assessed for reliability: BWT, UL, and LP at rest (LP‐R), during a maximal voluntary contraction of the PFMs (LP‐MVC), and during a maximal‐effort Valsalva maneuver (LP‐MVM). Reliability was determined using intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman analyses. Measurement error was determined using standard error of the measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable difference.ResultsIntra‐rater reliability was very good for LP‐R, LP‐MVC, LP‐MVM, and UL (ICC: 0.97 [0.93–0.99], 0.95 [0.88–0.98], 0.84 [0.59–0.94], and 0.96 [0.89–0.98], respectively). Inter‐rater reliability was very good for LP‐R (ICC: 0.82 [0.55–0.93]), and good for LP‐MVC, LP‐MVM, and UL (ICC: 0.79 [0.46–0.92], 0.79 [0.49–0.92], and 0.75 [0.36–0.90], respectively). BWT had poor intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability. The variability between measurements was the smallest for LP‐R, LP‐MVC, and UL for intra‐rater assessments, and for LP‐R and UL for inter‐rater assessments. SEM values for intra‐rater assessments were LP‐R: 1.5 mm, LP‐MVC: 1.84 mm, LP‐MVM: 4.33 mm, and UL: 1.16 mm.ConclusionsAlthough these results support the reliability of 2D‐transperineal USI for the evaluation of UL and PFM parameters, they do not support its use for the assessment of BWT.
Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Metatinib Tromethamine Tablet in Patients with Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors: A Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Cheng Ke , Li Xiao-Yu , Zhou Yu-Wen , Liao Zheng-Yin , Qiu Meng , Bi Feng , Zheng Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned
MET overexpression is uncommon, and positive MET immunohistochemistry (1+/2+) was an independent positive prognostic factor for response rate and progression-free survival. Whether MET overexpression can be considered a potential predictive biomarker and be used as an inclusion criterion is worth investigating in a future study.

Background
Metatinib tromethamine tablet (metatinib) is a small molecule receptor kinase inhibitor targeting both c-MET and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. This phase I trial aimed to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of metatinib in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods
Eligible patients received a single dose of metatinib in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design with dose levels of 25–800 mg/day, after a single dose on day 1, then 2 days off, and then a multidose schedule of once-daily doses for 25 consecutive days (days 4–28). Primary endpoints were MTD and safety; secondary and exploratory endpoints included pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and biomarkers.

Results
Eighteen patients (including nine patients with hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) received at least one dose of study drug (one patient quit the study without continuous multiple-dose administration after receiving a single dose of metatinib). Hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, and liver dysfunction were the DLTs, and 200 mg/day was the MTD. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were skin toxicity (50%), diarrhea (33.3%), and liver dysfunction (27.8%). Three patients (only one of six in the 200 mg/day cohort; the other two in the 300 mg/day cohort) experienced severe TRAEs: one patient with severe liver dysfunction and two patients with severe liver dysfunction and skin toxicity, respectively. Pharmacokinetics assessment indicated that metatinib was rapidly absorbed and metabolized to the formation of reactive metabolite, SCR-1510, after single-dose administration. The mean time taken to achieve maximum concentration and terminal elimination half-life of SCR-1510 was approximately 2.0–3.0 hours and ranged from 8 to 14 hours. Two patients had partial responses. The objective response rate and disease control rate (DCR) were 11.1% and 61.1%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.75 months.

Conclusion
Metatinib administration of 200 mg/day was well tolerated, safe, and effective. The MTD was 200 mg/day, which should be recommended in further investigations.
The mediating role of avoidant coping in the relationships between physical, psychological, and social wellbeing and distress in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Cohee Andrea , Johns Shelley A. , Alwine Jennifer S. , Talib Tasneem , Monahan Patrick O. , Stump Timothy E. , Cella David , Champion Victoria L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveMany breast cancer survivors (BCSs) recover from the negative sequelae of cancer treatment. However, some report persistent and disruptive distress well into disease‐free survivorship. More information is needed on the predictors of distress in this growing population of BCS, including the role of avoidant coping, or attempts to avoid thoughts, feelings, and reminders of cancer, in mediating the relationship between distress and psychological, physical, and social domains of well‐being.MethodsIn a large cross‐sectional study, BCS (n = 1,127), who were 3 to 8 years post‐diagnosis, completed a survey assessing demographic characteristics, medical history, distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms), avoidant coping, and physical (fatigue), psychological (fear of recurrence, attention, body image), and social (social support from a partner, social constraints from a partner) well‐being. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to determine if avoidant coping mediated the relationship between each distress variable (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and each well‐being (fear of recurrence, attention, body image, fatigue, social support, and social constraints) variable.ResultsIn all six mediation models, avoidant coping significantly (p < 0.001) mediated the relationship between each well‐being variable (fear of recurrence, attention, body image, fatigue, social support, and social constraints) and each distress indicator (depression and anxiety). Avoidant coping mediated 19%–54% of the effects of the contributing factors on the distress variables.ConclusionsAvoidant coping may indicate risk for, or presence of, distress among BCS. Interventions to reduce distress may benefit from addressing avoidant coping styles.
Exposure to violence, chronic stress, nasal DNA methylation, and atopic asthma in children
Authors: Yan Qi , Forno Erick , Cardenas Andres , Qi Cancan , Han Yueh‐Ying , Acosta‐Pérez Edna , Kim Soyeon , Zhang Rong , Boutaoui Nadia , Canino Glorisa , Vonk Judith M. , Xu Cheng‐jian , Chen Wei , Marsland Anna , Oken Emily , Gold Diane R. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Celedón Juan C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundExposure to violence (ETV) or chronic stress may influence asthma through unclear mechanisms.MethodsEpigenome‐wide association study (EWAS) of ETV or chronic stress measures and DNA methylation in nasal epithelium from 487 Puerto Ricans aged 9–20 years who participated in the Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans study [EVA‐PR]). We assessed four measures of ETV and chronic stress in children (ETV scale, gun violence, and perceived stress) and their mothers (perceived stress). Each EWAS was conducted using linear regression, with CpGs as dependent variables and the stress/violence measure as a predictor, adjusting for age, sex, the top five principal components, and SVA latent factors. We then selected the top 100 CpGs (by p value) associated with each stress/violence measure in EVA‐PR and conducted a meta‐analysis of the selected CpGs and atopic asthma using data from EVA‐PR and two additional cohorts (Project Viva and PIAMA).ResultsThree CpGs (in SNN, PTPRN2, and LINC01164) were associated with maternal perceived stress or gun violence (p = 1.28–3.36 × 10−7), but not with atopic asthma, in EVA‐PR. In a meta‐analysis of three cohorts, which included the top CpGs associated with stress/violence measures in EVA‐PR, 12 CpGs (in STARD3NL, SLC35F4, TSR3, CDC42SE2, KLHL25, PLCB1, BUD13, OR2B3, GALR1, TMEM196, TEAD4, and ANAPC13) were associated with atopic asthma at FDR‐p < .05.ConclusionsPending confirmation in longitudinal studies, our findings suggest that nasal epithelial methylation markers associated with measures of ETV and chronic stress may be linked to atopic asthma in children and adolescents.
Spontaneous Parametric Down‐Conversion Sources for Multiphoton Experiments
Authors: Zhang Chao , Huang Yun‐Feng , Liu Bi‐Heng , Li Chuan‐Feng , Guo Guang‐Can 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEntangled photon sources are desirable and key elements for photonic quantum information processing. The spontaneous parametric down‐conversion (SPDC) process is a convenient way to produce entangled photon pairs. It has been widely used and has already made great contributions to quantum information science. SPDC sources have been thoroughly studied, and a detailed review, previously lacking, is now appropriate. In this article, different types of SPDC sources suitable for multiphoton experiments are reviewed. A comparison of their respective performances is presented, focusing on the parameters of indistinguishability, collection efficiency, and brightness, from which it is possible to see how the spatial and spectral properties of the SPDC process can be tailored, step by step, to achieve near‐perfect photon pairs. Recent progress on multiplexed heralded single‐photon sources, which effectively mitigate the nondeterministic nature of the SPDC process, is also described.
Maximum likelihood extended gradient‐based estimation algorithms for the input nonlinear controlled autoregressive moving average system with variable‐gain nonlinearity
Authors: Liu Ximei , Fan Yamin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVariable‐gain nonlinearity is a piecewise‐linear characteristic to describe the process with different gains in different input regions. This article studies the parameter estimation issue of the input nonlinear controlled autoregressive moving average system with variable‐gain nonlinearity. Through introducing a suitable switching function, we describe the variable‐gain nonlinearity by a linear‐in‐parameter form and derive the identification model of the system. Based on the obtained identification model, a maximum likelihood extended stochastic gradient algorithm is presented to estimate the unknown parameters. To make sufficient use of the observation data and improve the identification accuracy, we deduce a maximum likelihood (multiinnovation) extended gradient‐based iterative algorithm by using the maximum likelihood principle. An extended gradient‐based iterative algorithm is given for comparison. A simulation example is employed to validate that the proposed algorithms can effectively identify the unknown parameters and the maximum likelihood extended gradient‐based iterative algorithm has better estimation accuracy and fitting performance than the maximum likelihood extended stochastic gradient algorithm and the extended gradient‐based iterative algorithm.
Scaled consensus of second‐order multiagent systems via distributed adaptive control
Authors: He Wangli , Guo Hualiang , Qian Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article investigates scaled consensus of second‐order multiagent systems (MASs) via distributed adaptive control. Two distributed adaptive scaled consensus protocols are proposed. First, to solve the dynamic scaled consensus problem, based on the neighbors' position and velocity information, two time‐varying coupling gains are introduced into the node‐based distributed adaptive protocol. Second, static scaled consensus is discussed under another distributed adaptive algorithm. It is shown proposed scaled consensus protocols are flexible, which are able to solve standard consensus, group consensus, and bipartite consensus problems with specific scale values. Finally, two examples of robot formation with nine agents are given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
First observation of the breeding of common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna, in Algerian Saharan streams
Authors: Nouidjem Yassine , Mimeche Fateh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe breeding of common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna, is reported for the first time in the Ziban oasis in the north east of Algerian Sahara. Three pairs with their chicks were observed in the Sidi Mhamed Moussa stream, which contains a variety of habitats that favor the nesting of this species. This wetland is internationally important, and these results underline the need for environmental protection and the development of an appropriate management program.
Co(II) Schiff Base Complex Supported on Nano‐Silica for the Aerobic Oxidation of Cyclohexene: Reaction Pathways and Overoxidation on the Experimental and Calculated Mechanism
Authors: Duan Mingxing , Wang Xinguo , Peng Wenjing , Liu Dongjie , Cheng Qingyan , Yang Qiusheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA heterogeneous, recoverable catalyst of Co(II)−L@nano−SiO2 (where L=N‐(3‐trioxysilyl‐propyl)‐o‐vanillin imine) was synthesized, and it was thoroughly characterized by EA, ICP, FT‐IR, UV‐vis, TGA, XPS and BET techniques. The catalytic performance of Co(II)−L@nano−SiO2 was investigated in cyclohexene(CyH) oxidation under mild conditions with oxygen as the sole oxidant. The results showed that Co(II)−L@nano−SiO2 exhibited better catalytic activity with the CyH conversion of 61 %, and a total selectivity of 55–60 % for the major products (2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one (CyO) and 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐ol (CyOH)), and there was no significant decrease in activity after five times reused. Furthermore, the overoxidation process was performed by epoxidation of CyO and CyOH. The mechanism involved allylic oxidation and overoxidation was confirmed by DFT calculations in the gas phase and the acetonitrile solvent.
Silver‐Catalyzed Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling between Heteroarenes and Cyclic Ethers under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zhou Zhong , Wu Yunli , Yang Peng , Deng Shijun , Zhang Qian , Li Dong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new strategy for the straightforward alkylation of heteroarenes under mild conditions was developed. It employed silver catalyst for the cross dehydrogenative coupling between heteroarenes and cyclic ethers to construct a new C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond. This reaction was carried out in water under room temperature and applicable to various heteroarenes such as pyridines, quinolines and isoquinolines derivatives with good functional group compatibility.
Factors associated with anxiety and quality of life of the Wuhan populace during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Liu Cheng , Lee Ya‐Chen , Lin Ying‐Lien , Yang Shang‐Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn December 2019, COVID‐19 broke out in Wuhan, China, affecting the mental health and quality of life (QoL) of its inhabitants. This study aimed at investigating the factors associated with anxiety and QoL in the Wuhan populace during the COVID‐19 pandemic. An online questionnaire survey was carried out during July 6–10, 2020. The questionnaire collected information on demography, anxiety, QoL, and social‐environmental support. The main statistical methods included descriptive statistics, independent‐samples t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, and multivariate regression analysis. In total, 226 participants were recruited. The findings showed that females, elderly, middle‐income, poor health status, shortage of medical supplies, and insufficient basic commodities were associated with anxiety significantly. Multiple regression analysis indicated that social‐environmental support was significantly related to anxiety. Higher social‐environmental support was significantly associated with a higher QoL. Our findings showed that the social‐environmental support may reduce anxiety and improve the QoL for those living in an area heavily affected by the pandemic.
Evaluation of different skin regions derived from a postmortem jaguar, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), after vitrification for development of cryobanks from captive animals
Authors: Santos Maria D. C. B. , Aquino Leonardo V. C. , Nascimento Matheus B. , Silva Maria B. , Rodrigues Luanna L. V. , Praxedes Érika A. , Oliveira Lhara R. M. , Silva Herlon V. R. , Nunes Thalles G. P. , Oliveira Moacir F. , Pereira Alexsandra F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiological resource banks represent valuable tools for the conservation of species vulnerable to extinction, such as the jaguar. Cryobanks of skins have the potential to safeguard rare genotypes, allowing the potential exploitation of biological samples in animal multiplication technologies and the study of genetic variability. Determination of the most suitable skin regions for tissue conservation can help increase the efficiency of cryobanks and the storage of biological samples. To this end, we evaluated the effects of vitrification of skin tissues from the ear, caudal, and femoral regions of a post‐mortem jaguar belonging to a zoo in Brazil. Non‐vitrified and vitrified samples were evaluated and compared using quantitative methods, focusing on skin thickness, cell quantification, number of perinuclear halos, collagen and elastic density, and proliferative activity. No differences were observed in skin thickness, number of perinuclear halos, elastic density, and proliferative activity between non‐vitrified and vitrified tissues in skin from any region. However, vitrified tissues derived from femoral skin showed a reduction in the number of fibroblasts, epidermal cells and collagen density compared to non‐vitrified tissues. In summary, the ear and caudal regions provided the best conservation of somatic tissues derived from jaguars, and skin samples from these regions are therefore the most suitable for the formation of cryobanks.
Making Sense of Community and Identity in Twenty-First Century Technoscience
Authors: Kastenhofer Karen , Molyneux-Hodgson Susan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis introductory chapter begins with the empirical example of synthetic biology, a case that has challenged our own thinking, provoking us to re-address the concepts of scientific ‘community’ and ‘identity’ in contemporary technoscience. The chapter then moves on to a delineation of the conceptualisations of community and identity in past sociologies of science, highlighting open questions, promising avenues and potential shortcomings in explaining contemporary conditions. Following this, the individual contributions to this volume are presented, including their analyses on community and identity constellations and the related effects on the contemporary technosciences as institutions, practices and living spaces. This is achieved with a focus on common themes that come to the fore from the various contributions. In a final discussion, we take stock of our attempt at re-addressing community and identity in contemporary technoscientific contexts and discuss where this has brought us; which ambiguities could not be resolved and which questions seem promising starting points for further conceptual and empirical endeavour.
A Passion for Science: Addressing the Role of Emotions in Identities of Biologists
Authors: Schönbauer Sarah M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs part of their socialization, scientists acquire the skills and know-how of the job and become part of a scientific community, its norms and values. Becoming part of a scientific community also involves that scientists adapt to its emotional culture. Emotional relationships, specifically the concept of passionate work, represent important repertoires in and for academia especially considering academic identities. In light of precarious employments and unstable academic futures, the researchers emotional relationships with their profession are tenuous. I accordingly ask: what role does passion have in scientists’ narrations of work experiences? And how does this play out in researchers’ identities? Based on interviews with biologists, I analyse how the scientists narrate passionate tales and explore how they recount their past and how they imagine a future generation of scientists. Specifically, I analyse the scientists’ stories of the past as productive for a particular rationale and storyline of their identity bringing forth qualities of apassionatescientist. These tales not only represent individual experiences but show how an emotional relationship to the science profession provides an exclusive belonging and serves to create and maintain a powerful disciplinary ideal. Consequently, I provide a jigsaw piece for understanding further how scientists build their identities and how these identities mirror today’s science cultures.