bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and life skills in adolescents who have self-harmed: analysis of survey responses from a national sample of adolescents in Norway
Authors: Fadum Elin Anita , Carlsen Ellen Øen , Ramberg Maria , Strand Leif Aage , Håberg Siri Eldevik , Borud Einar , Martinussen Monica 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveSocial and life skills (SLS) may be important in the prevention and treatment of self-harm, but few studies have described this relationship. We examined three components of SLS in adolescents who reported self-harm that was, according to themselves, diagnosed by a clinician.DesignCross-sectional.SettingNational screening prior to military service.Participants176 284 residents of Norway born in 1999–2001 received a declaration of health. We included 171 486 individuals (84 153 (49%) women and 87 333 (51%) men) who were 17 (n=1 67 855) or 18 years of age (n=3631) when they completed the declaration.Outcome measureThe main outcome was clinically diagnosed self-harm, defined as self-harm that the adolescents themselves stated had been diagnosed by a clinician. Components of SLS were social interactions; coping strategies; and emotional regulation/aggression. The association between SLS and self-reported clinically diagnosed self-harm was assessed in hierarchical multiple regression models controlling for sex; school absence; and feelings of emotional pain.ResultsThree percent (n=5507) of the adolescents reported clinically diagnosed self-harm. The three components of SLS together added little to the prediction of clinically diagnosed self-harm (∆R2=0.02). After controlling for school absence and emotional pain, emotional regulation/aggression was the only SLS-component that was independently associated with clinically diagnosed self-harm (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.36). The young men who said they had been clinically diagnosed for self-harm scored slightly worse on social interactions (Hedge’s g (g) = −0.13, p<0.001) and emotional regulation/aggression (g= −0.18, p<0.001) than the young women in this group.ConclusionYoung women and young men who reported clinically diagnosed self-harm had more problems with emotional regulation/aggression than other adolescents, but did not have worse social interactions or coping strategies.
4-1BB co-stimulation further enhances anti-PD-1-mediated reinvigoration of exhausted CD39+CD8 T cells from primary and metastatic sites of epithelial ovarian cancers
Authors: Leem Galam , Park Junsik , Jeon Minwoo , Kim Eui-Soon , Kim Sang Wun , Lee Yong Jae , Choi Seong Jin , Choi Baekgyu , Park Seongyeol , Ju Young Seok , Jung Inkyung , Kim Sunghoon , Shin Eui-Cheol , Lee Jung Yun , Park Su-Hyung 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundResponses to immunotherapy vary between different cancer types and sites. Here, we aimed to investigate features of exhaustion and activation in tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells at both the primary and metastatic sites in epithelial ovarian cancer.MethodsTumor tissues and peripheral blood were obtained from 65 patients with ovarian cancer. From these samples, we isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These cells were used for immunophenotype using multicolor flow cytometry, gene expression profile using RNA sequencing and ex vivo functional restoration assays.ResultsWe found that CD39+CD8 TILs were enriched with tumor-specific CD8 TILs, and that the activation status of these cells was determined by the differential programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression level. CD39+CD8 TILs with high PD-1 expression (PD-1high) exhibited features of highly tumor-reactive and terminally exhausted phenotypes. Notably, PD-1highCD39+CD8 TILs showed similar characteristics in terms of T-cell exhaustion and activation between the primary and metastatic sites. Among co-stimulatory receptors, 4-1BB was exclusively overexpressed in CD39+CD8 TILs, especially on PD-1highcells, and 4-1BB-expressing cells displayed immunophenotypes indicating higher degrees of T-cell activation and proliferation, and less exhaustion, compared with cells not expressing 4-1BB. Importantly, 4-1BB agonistic antibodies further enhanced the anti-PD-1-mediated reinvigoration of exhausted CD8 TILs from both primary and metastatic sites.ConclusionSeverely exhausted PD-1highCD39+CD8 TILs displayed a distinctly heterogeneous exhaustion and activation status determined by differential 4-1BB expression levels, providing rationale and evidence for immunotherapies targeting co-stimulatory receptor 4-1BB in ovarian cancers.
Selective IL-1 activity on CD8+ T cells empowers antitumor immunity and synergizes with neovasculature-targeted TNF for full tumor eradication
Authors: Van Den Eeckhout Bram , Huyghe Leander , Van Lint Sandra , Burg Elianne , Plaisance Stéphane , Peelman Frank , Cauwels Anje , Uzé Gilles , Kley Niko , Gerlo Sarah , Tavernier Jan 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundClinical success of therapeutic cancer vaccines depends on the ability to mount strong and durable antitumor T cell responses. To achieve this, potent cellular adjuvants are highly needed. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) acts on CD8+ T cells and promotes their expansion and effector differentiation, but toxicity and undesired tumor-promoting side effects hamper efficient clinical application of this cytokine.MethodsThis ‘cytokine problem’ can be solved by use of AcTakines (Activity-on-Target cytokines), which represent fusions between low-activity cytokine mutants and cell type-specific single-domain antibodies. AcTakines deliver cytokine activity to a priori selected cell types and as such evade toxicity and unwanted off-target side effects. Here, we employ subcutaneous melanoma and lung carcinoma models to evaluate the antitumor effects of AcTakines.ResultsIn this work, we use an IL-1β-based AcTakine to drive proliferation and effector functionality of antitumor CD8+ T cells without inducing measurable toxicity. AcTakine treatment enhances diversity of the T cell receptor repertoire and empowers adoptive T cell transfer. Combination treatment with a neovasculature-targeted tumor necrosis factor (TNF) AcTakine mediates full tumor eradication and establishes immunological memory that protects against secondary tumor challenge. Interferon-γ was found to empower this AcTakine synergy by sensitizing the tumor microenvironment to TNF.ConclusionsOur data illustrate that anticancer cellular immunity can be safely promoted with an IL-1β-based AcTakine, which synergizes with other immunotherapies for efficient tumor destruction.
Combining CTLA-4 and angiopoietin-2 blockade in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I trial
Authors: Ott Patrick A , Nazzaro Matthew , Pfaff Kathleen L , Gjini Evisa , Felt Kristen D , Wolff Jacquelyn O , Buchbinder Elizabeth I , Haq Rizwan , Sullivan Ryan J , Lawrence Donald P , McDermott David F , Severgnini Mariano , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Rodig Scott J , Stephen Hodi F 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAngiogenic factors promote the growth of tumor vasculature, modulate lymphocyte trafficking into tumors, and inhibit maturation of dendritic cells. We hypothesized that MEDI3617, a human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody directed against human angiopoietin-2, in combination with tremelimumab (treme), an IgG2 monoclonal antibody blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein- (CTLA-4), is safe in patients with advanced melanoma.MethodsIn a phase I, 3+3 dose escalation trial, patients with metastatic or unresectable melanoma received treme in combination with MEDI3617. The primary objectives of the study were safety and determination of recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The secondary objectives included determination of 6-month and 1-year overall survival and best overall response rate. Immune cell populations and soluble factors were assessed in peripheral blood and metastatic tumors using Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), Luminex, and multiplexed immunofluorescence.ResultsFifteen patients (median age: 62) were enrolled in the study (3 patients in cohort 1: treme at 10 mg/kg and MEDI3617 at 200 mg; and 12 patients in cohort 2: treme at 10 mg/kg and MEDI3617 at 600 mg). The most common all-grade treatment-related adverse events were rash, pruritus, fatigue, and extremity edema. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Cohort 2 was determined to be the RP2D. There were no patients with confirmed immune-related complete response or immune-related partial response. Six of 15 patients had immune-related stable disease, resulting in a disease control rate of 0.40 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.68). An increase in frequencies of circulating inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS)+ and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and production of Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-10 was observed post therapy.ConclusionsTremelimumab in combination with MEDI3617 is safe in patients with advanced melanoma. Angiopoietin-2 inhibition in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition warrants further exploration.Trial registration numberNCT02141542.
Longitudinal changes in circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers throughout pregnancy: are there associations with diet and weight status?
Authors: Savard Claudia , Lemieux Simone , Plante Anne-Sophie , Gagnon Marianne , Leblanc Nadine , Veilleux Alain , Tchernof André , Morisset Anne-Sophie 
Published: November 2021

The natural inflammation occurring during pregnancy can, under certain conditions, be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to (1) quantify changes in circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) across trimesters of pregnancy, according to pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI); and (2) examine the trimester-specific associations between the inflammatory markers’ concentrations, a Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and the dietary inflammatory index (DII). We measured leptin, adiponectin and IL-6 by ELISA and CRP by high-sensitivity immunonephelometry, in blood samples from 79 pregnant women (age: 32.1 ± 3.7 years; ppBMI: 25.7 ± 5.8 kg/m2). Three Web-based 24-h recalls were completed at each trimester and used to compute the MDS and the DII. CRP concentrations remained stable across trimesters, whereas concentrations of leptin and IL-6 increased, and adiponectin concentrations decreased (p < 0.001). Changes in leptin and adiponectin concentrations also differed according to ppBMI categories (p < 0.05). As for the dietary scores, the only significant association was observed in the second trimester between leptin concentrations and the MDS (r = −0.26, p < 0.05). In conclusion, ppBMI and the progression of pregnancy itself probably supplant the potential associations between diet and the inflammation occurring during that period. Novelty: Circulating leptin and IL-6 concentrations increased across trimesters whereas CRP was stable, and adiponectin decreased. Variations in circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations differed by ppBMI categories. Very few associations were observed between dietary scores and inflammatory markers.
Inflationary quantum dynamics and backreaction using a classical-quantum correspondence
Authors: Bernardo Reginald Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study inflationary dynamics using a recently introduced classical-quantum correspondence for investigating the backreaction of a quantum mechanical degree of freedom to a classical background. Using specifically a coupled Einstein–Klein–Gordon system, an approximation that holds well during the very early inflationary era when modes are very deep inside the Hubble horizon, we show that the backreaction of a mode of the quantum field will renormalize the Hubble parameter only if the mode’s wavelength is longer than some threshold Planckian length scale. Otherwise, the mode will destabilize the inflationary era. We also present an approximate analytical solution that supports the existence of such short-wavelength threshold and compare the results of the classical-quantum correspondence with the traditional perturbative-iterative method in semiclassical gravity.
Ostracods from the Pingyi Basin (eastern China) and their significance for the K/Pg boundary
Authors: Wang He , Du Shengxian , Yu Tingting , Li Sha , Lu Huinan , Zhang Haichun , Cao Meizhen , Horne David J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Pingyi Basin is a late Mesozoic to Cenozoic fault basin in East China, containing a good record of Cretaceous to Paleogene non-marine carbonate and gypsum deposits. Abundant microfossils including gastropods, ostracods, charophytes and palynomorphs have been reported from this basin. A taxonomic study of ostracods from the Gejiazhuang section in the Pingyi Basin reveals a total of 17 species assigned to 11 genera. A further ostracod biostratigraphic correlation suggests the K/Pg boundary lies within Member 1 of the Bianqiao Formation in the Gejiazhuang section, which is supported by charophyte biostratigraphy.
Protohemiphlebiidae fam. nov., a stem hemiphlebioid damselfly from Cretaceous amber in Kachin
Authors: Zheng Daran , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Zhuo De , Nel André 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Hemiphlebiidae are the most basal lestomorphan family following the latest phylogenetic analysis of the Zygoptera: this unique damselfly family today contains one relict species found in the wetlands of Australia. It was, however, very diverse and widespread during the Mesozoic. Nevertheless, very few species were known, obscuring the origination and early evolution of the family. Here we propose a new stem hemiphlebioid taxon (Protohemiphlebiidae Zheng, Jarzembowski and Nel, fam. nov.) based on a new genus and two species:
Protohemiphlebia zhangi
Zheng, Jarzembowski and Nel, sp. nov. and
Protohemiphlebia meiyingae
Zheng, Jarzembowski and Nel, sp. nov. The new family shares the characteristics of both Hemiphlebiidae and Coenagrionoidea, but it is more closely related to Hemiphlebiidae in having the pterostigma with a ‘star-shaped’ microsculpture and AA originating from the wing base slightly distal of Ax0.
Protohemiphlebia
Zheng, Jarzembowski and Nel, gen. nov. is further considered to belong to the stem group of Hemiphlebioidea, instead of belonging to the Hemiphlebiidae, in possessing pretibial combs and a weakly kinked RP1 below the Pt brace. The new damselflies will help to calibrate the origin of Hemiphlebiidae, which could be earlier than the current oldest records in the Kimmeridgean (Late Jurassic).
New data on gastropod genus
Hirsuticyclus
(Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber
Authors: Yu Tingting 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The genus
Hirsuticyclus
Neubauer, Xing and Jochum, 2019
was the first record of an exceptionally preserved land snail with dense periostracal hairs from mid-Cretaceous Kachin (Burmese) amber. Here, we document four newly-discovered shells from Kachin amber, one belonging to the type species
Hirsuticyclus electrum
Neubauer, Xing and Jochum, 2019
and the remaining three shells belonging to a new species,
Hirsuticyclus canaliculatus
sp. nov. Well-preserved morphological characteristics of these two species could be clearly demonstrated under light microscopy combined with modern micro-CT scans with computer 3D reconstructions. Our new material of the type species amends the generic diagnosis based on a better-preserved shell including the peristome and operculum. The new species shows distinctive shell characteristics such as numerous spiral keels and a flaring, folded peristome interrupted by two canals. These excellently preserved fossils contribute to our understanding of the morphological diversity and evolution of these ancient members of cyclophoroids.
El nuevo escenario de la pobreza frente al covid-19: estudio del caso Tulancingo de Bravo, México (2016-2021)
Authors: Badillo Flores Pastor 
Published: November 2021

El programa PROSPERA fue un referente en la lucha contra la pobreza en México durante el período transcurrido entre 2014 y 2019. Según estimaciones de la CEPAL, este Programa de Transferencia Condicionada (PTC) alcanzó una cobertura de 24.13% de la población en 2018. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer y analizar el modo como algunos grupos vulnerables han enfrentado la situación actual, esto tras la desaparición de PROSPERA en 2019 y el surgimiento del Covid-19 en febrero del 2020 en México. Esta investigación se enmarca teóricamente dentro de los estudios sobre la pobreza. Se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal que parte de una investigación llevada a cabo en 2016 en el municipio de Tulancingo de Bravo, en la cual se aplicaron entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres beneficiarias de PROSPERA. De tal manera nos hemos dado a la tarea de identificar a algunas de ellas para entrevistarlas nuevamente en 2021. Encontrando que el gobierno federal ha incorporado nuevos programas de atención a personas en condición de pobreza. No obstante, existen escasos apoyos derivados de la situación pandémica. Por otra parte, las mujeres entrevistadas no parecen haber mejorado su condición, además de verse afectadas por la pandemia en múltiples aspectos.
Religious Minorities in the Ideology and Politics of Syria
Authors: Adamczyk Anita Sylwia , Jomma Fuad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Although the Middle East is widely associated with Islam, it is diverse in terms of religion. Syria is an example where two religious groups dominate, i.e. Muslims and Christians, which are internally diverse. The purpose of this article is to examine the position of religious minorities in the ideology and politics of Syria. Syria is not chosen by accident as the authors believe that the failure to recognize the existence of minorities and to respect their rights was one of the reasons for the civil war in Syria. The article consists of three parts. The first discusses the theoretical issues related to the definition and understanding of the notions of what constitutes a religious minority and of pan-Arabism in Syria. The next presents the complex religious pattern in country, and the last concerns the policy of the Syrian authorities, who are influenced by Arab nationalism, towards various religious groups.
Any Role for Human Rights in the Norwegian Truth and Reconciliation Commission Addressing Forced Assimilation?
Authors: Haugen Hans Morten 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Norway’s policies regarding Sámi and most national minorities in an historic perspective can be characterized as forced assimilation; except for Jews and Roma, where the historic policy can be termed exclusion. The Norwegian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (trc) is intended to be a broad-based process, resulting in a report to the Norwegian Parliament in 2022. After identifying various explanations for the relatively strong standing of the (North) Sámi domestically and in international forums, the article identifies various ways that human rights will be important for the trc’s work and final report: (i) self-determination; (ii) participation in political life; (iii) participation in cultural life; (iv) family life; (v) private life; and (vi) human dignity. Some of these rights are relatively wide, but all give relevant guidance to the trc’s work. The right to private life did not prevent the Norwegian Parliament’s temporary law to enable the trc’s access to archives
Dealing with Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials: The ussr in the Global Context
Authors: Vasilyev Pavel , Petrenko Alexander , Tayukina Veronika 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses several ethical issues related to clinical trials within the Soviet system of drug development and testing, which reflected larger ideological principles of healthcare organization in the ussr, with its focus on eradicating market elements from drug development. The centralized state-controlled system was thought to combat such drawbacks of free-market drug development as high prices and aggressive advertising; also to discourage the duplication of research by numerous independent actors that was perceived to be common in capitalist countries. Another significant ethical issue was the Soviet emphasis on the unity of scientific research and clinical treatment. Their strict separation, introduced to support normative standards defined by the U.S. pharmaceutical drug testing system, was rejected in the ussr where knowledge of new treatment options came from treatment practice, not laboratory-like experimental conditions of randomized controlled double-blind trials. The Soviet design was closer to so-called ‘pragmatic trials’ that focus on solving ‘real-life’ problems in clinical practice. Not all ethical problems were successfully addressed in the Soviet model, where there were always significant gaps between neatly postulated theory and messy clinical practice. The unity of scientific research and clinical practice was difficult to achieve. Archival research shows potential ethical issues related to geographic disparities in carrying out clinical trials, and the importance of personal and informal connections in the Soviet model.
Comparisons of Order Statistics from Heterogeneous Poisson and Geometric Distributions
Authors: Chowdhury Shovan , Kundu Amarjit , Mishra Surja Kanta 
Published: November 2021

In this article, we compare extreme order statistics through vector majorization arising from heterogeneous Poisson and geometric random variables. These comparisons are carried out with respect to usual stochastic ordering. AMS 2010 subject classifications: 62G30, 60E15, 60K10
Effects of processing parameters on the performance of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide laminates manufactured by laser-assisted automated fiber placement
Authors: Zhao Dacheng , Chen Jiping , Zhang Haoxuan , Liu Weiping , Yue Guangquan , Pan Lijian 
Published: November 2021

In situ consolidation of thermoplastic composites can be realized through laser-assisted automated fiber placement (AFP) technology, and the properties of composites were significant affected by the process parameters. In this work, the effects of process parameters on the properties of continuous carbon fiber–reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF/PPS) composites manufactured by laser-assisted AFP were investigated. Four-plies CF/PPS prepreg was laid under the combination of different process parameters and the morphology, void content, crystallinity, and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites were characterized. It turned out that the resin distribution on the surface of the composites could be significantly improved by increasing the laser temperature and compaction pressure. The highest crystallinity of the composites reached 46% at tool temperature of 120°C while the value was only 18% when the tool temperature was 40°C. Meanwhile, with the increasing compaction force ranging of 500–2000 N, the void content of the composites decreased obviously. The ILSS was evaluated through double notch tensile shear test. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the composites were dominated by void content rather than crystallinity.