bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a Temperature Higher Than 104 F per se Damaging?
Authors: Sullivan Cary E. 
Published: December 2021

One recent text1 (and less clearly a second2) refers to the possibility of brain damage in children from fever over 104 F. Though not specifically stated, the inference is that these are children with general pediatric infectious diseases.
I have considered this notion to be anecdotal and perpetuated by tradition. However, it is widely held by parents and is the cause of much anxiety.
Excepting, of course, children with predisposition to febrile seizures, those with primary disease of the nervous system, those with incipient hypernatremia or other qualifying conditions, have instances, in fact, been reliably documented of CNS damage from fever per se?
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Lee Henry F. 
Published: December 2021

It was with dismay that I recently found Pediatrics policy changed to permit advertising to be inserted into the body of the scientific content. We join the Readers Digest.
I read Dr. Frazier's commentary (Pediatrics, 52:767, 1973) and I recognize the forces at work.
I would rather see the number of issues reduced or the price raised to cover costs than to see a fine professional publication so demeaned. Rest assured it is a demeaning move!
Phocomelia, Flexion Deformities and Absent Thumbs: A New Hereditary Upper Limb Malformation
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Borden Spencer 
Published: December 2021

Absence or hypoplasia of the radii and thumbs usually occurs as an isolated and presumably nonhereditary malformation.1,2 Among those for which a genetic basis has been proven, there are at least three different types of hereditary absence of radii1 as well as several disorders with absence or hypoplasia of the radii a feature of a hereditary syndrome of multiple malformations.3-15 We have evaluated a boy who appears to have a previously unreported pattern of upper limb deformities and minor craniofacial anomalies. The fact that his mother has milder, but similar deformities, suggests the disorder is hereditary.
CASE HISTORIES
The propositus (A.B.) was born in 1966. His birth weight was 2.6 kg and length 46 cm. Because her two previous pregnancies had ended in spontaneous abortions at four and six weeks' gestation, his mother was given four intramuscular injections of hormone preparations. The medication was hydroxyprogestrone caproate (Delalutin), 250 mg, which was given 47,61,76 and 90 days after her last menstrual period. In addition, she took a medication (Bonadoxin, each tablet containing 25 mg of meclizine hydrochloride and 50 mg of pyridoxine htydrochloride) for nausea for three weeks and a multivitamin preparation throughout the pregnancy. At birth the propositus was noted to have no thumbs, three fingers on his left hand and four on his right hand, flexion deformities and ulnar deviation of his fingers and by radiography shortening of both radii without radial deviation of each forearm. Full-body radiographs revealed no other abnormalities. At four years he underwent surgical removal of the distal portion of his right index finger because of the severe flexion contracture and ulnar deviation which interfered with the function of the adjacent finger.
Parental Expectations vs Outcome in Toilet Training
Authors: Stephens James A. , Silber David L. 
Published: December 2021

Sixty-nine follow-up questionnaires were mailed to parents who had completed an earlier questionnaire on toilet training expectations. This follow-up questionnaire examined the reported experiences of parents in training a first-born child. Analysis of these data support the following conclusions:
1. Most children (70%) were not completely toilet trained by age 2.
2. There were no relationships between age of initiating toilet training and subsequent soiling or constipation problems.
3. One third of the parents were planning to change the training techniques with their subsequent children.
4. One third of the parents felt that training their oldest child was begun to early, and planned a later and more relaxed child-centered approach in training their subsequent children.
5. Since most parents do not seek professional advice in this area, the physician or his aide should initiate discussions in this area during the child's visits for the first two to three years of life.
Growth Charts for Children 0 to 18 Years of Age
Authors: Duncan Burris , Lubchenco Lula O. , Hansman Charlotte 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this communication is to present growth grids which incorporate many of the recommendations set forth by the Committee on Growth and Development of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Maternal, Child Health Service of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.1
The percentile curves depicted on these grids are based on longitudinal data collected by the Child Research Council of Denver2 which represent optimal values for whites living in this area. The charts have been in use at the University of Colorado Medical Center for over one year and have proven to be quite satisfactory.
CLINICAL MATERIAL AND METHODS FOR THE GROWTH CURVES
On the Hospitalization of Children: An Historical Approach
Authors: Hunt Andrew D. 
Published: December 2021

Societal interest in infants' and children's welfare in the English-speaking world appears to have originated in London in the mid-l8th century, at which time the evidence suggests a general lack of concern for the life of a child. Mortality within the first five years of life was upward of 75%. "Children were regarded as a necessary evil and except in time of alarming and grave illness were little considered. Evidence of neglect, cruelty and infanticide is so abundant that we are forced to believe that at times children were not even considered necessary."1 Although artificial feeding usually resulted in infants' deaths, women of wealth and social stature rarely nursed their babies, but rather sent them away to be cared for by wet nurses who, in turn, frequently had to sacrifice their own infants in order that they might feed those of their employers. The "dropping" of infants, either on doorsteps of wealthy families, or onto dung heaps to starve or freeze to death, was a common practice and rarely noticed.
It is of interest that leadership to alter this situation was taken, not by a physician, but by a shipwright named Thomas Coram (1668-1751). He spent much of his life in Taunton, Massachusetts, to which he gave a valuable parish library. He retired from sea service in 1719 and, after having acted as a trustee for the embryonic Oglethorpe Colony in Georgia, returned to England where he was appalled by the condition of infants and children, and took a practical interest.
JOHN WINTHROP, JR., ON THE TREATMENT OF A PALSIED (?) CHILD
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Governor John Winthrop, Jr. (1606-1676), the first Governor of Connecticut, was famous throughout New England for his medical ability. He was often consulted by letter for medical advice about the management of sick children. The type of medicine he practiced can be gained from his letter below written in 1652 to the father of a sick child. The letter also shows that orthography –as we know it–had not yet been decided upon.
I received your letter about 2 daies since wherin you desire directions concerning your child, wch indeed is very uncertaine to doe in the absence of the pty, it being difficult to find out the true cause & seat of the originall of such disease by the most diligent & curious observation, when the patient is dayly present: for though by your description I iudge it to be a palsy, yet the cause of that diseas is often very differing for in Some it is through too much drinesse in some too much moisture in some the cause is in the Nerves of the third coniugation of the braine sometymes in other nerves, in others it hath its originall in ye marrow of the back bone: This seems to be that kind wch we call Hemiplegia where one halfe of the spinall marrow is affected or (wch is often in others, and makes me doubt it may be so in this child, by reason of the suddainnesse wherewth she was stroken) it may come fro a light apoplexye (a stronger Apoplexye is comoly present death) This lighter kind of Apoplexy strikes suddainly & leaves comoly one side wthout sence or motion, and after continueth it wholy paraliticall: it may also come fro some thick flegme stopping the influence and distribution of ye vitall spiritts in the nerves, wch may also cause that suddaine apoplecticall stupor.
Intra-uterine Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq
Authors: Amin-Zaki Laman , Elhassani Sami , Majeed Mohamed A. , Clarkson Thomas W. , Doherty Richard A. , Greenwood Michael 
Published: December 2021

A disastrous epidemic of methylmercury poisoning occurred in rural Iraq early in 1972, due to the ingestion of home-made bread prepared from wheat treated with a methylmercury fungicide. We report the clinical and laboratory evaluation of 15 infant-mother pairs exposed to methylmercury during pregnancy, including mercury determinations in blood samples of mothers and infants, and in milk samples from mothers, during the first seven months following the epidemic.
In all cases except one, the infants' blood mercury levels were higher than their mothers' during the first four months after birth. Our results indicate that methylmercury passes readily from mother to fetus and that neonatal blood mercury levels are maintained through ingestion of mercury in mothers' milk.
Clinical manifestations of methylmercury poisoning were evident in six of 15 mothers and in at least six of 15 infants. In five severely affected infants there was gross impairment of motor and mental development. However, in only one infant-mother pair was the infant affected and the mother free of signs and symptoms–a marked contrast to the reports of Japanese mother-infant pairs from Minamata.
Careful follow-up studies of these and other Iraqi infants will determined where signs and symptoms of methylmercury poisoning will appear as these children continue to develop. Studies of these and additional infant-mother pairs may allow determination of the prenatal period of greatest fetal sensitivity to methylmercury poisoning.
Automated Multiphasic Screening
Authors: Allen C. M. , Shinefield H. R. 
Published: December 2021

From our experience with automated multiphasic health tests in more that 20,000 children, we have formed the following tentative conclusions. Multiphasic testing, combining a group of tests for administration at a single session, is less costly in time and inconvenience to the patient and provides more useful information to the evaluating and treating physician than does an uncoordinated set of individual tests.
Automation of instruments, use of nonprofessional testers, and computer processing of data can markedly reduce the usual cost of acquiring standard data provided that (1) there is a large number of persons from which standardized data are to be acquired; (2) the acquisition of the data can be scheduled so that specialized equipment and personnel are fully utilized; (3) automated equipment is used only when there is a real advantage over manual equipment.
These potential benefits of automated multiphasic testing are severely limited by (1) the lack of knowledge and agreement about what standard information is useful for improving the health care of children; and (2) the problems involved in ensuring appropriate follow-up examinations.
Our purpose in presenting these conclusions is not to support or condemn automated multiphasic testing or screening, but rather to point out that a number of unsolved problems exist. They will not be solved unless all who engage in automated multiphasic screening, or any kind of screening, arrange their testing and data keeping procedures so that the new knowledge necessary for evaluating programs and resolving unsolved problems can be gained. Until we have such knowledge, we must be modest and tentative in our claims that automated multiphasic screening can contribute positively to the health care of children.
Familial Aggregation of Blood Pressure in Childhood Is Hereditary
Authors: Biron Pierre , Mongeau Jean-GUY , Bertrand Denise 
Published: December 2021

Families with at least one adopted child constitute a useful epidemiological unit in which to study the relative contribution of genes and environment to the familial clustering of blood pressure, already observed in natural children aged 2 to 14 by Zinner's group in Boston.2
Provided that adoption occurs shortly after birth, both adopted and natural children are exposed to the same household living conditions such as dietary salt and calories, exercise habits, and psychological atmosphere, to mention a few.
Answers to Saintly Diseases
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

1. St. Agnan's disease Ringworm
2. St. Anthony's fire Erysipelas
3. St. Avertin's disease Epilepsy
4. St. Blaize's disease Quincy
5. St. Erasmus' disease Colic
6. St. Gothard's disease Ancylostomiasis
7. St. Guy's dance Sydenham's chorea
8. St. Main's evil Scabies
9. St. Valentine's disease Epilepsy
10. St. Vitus' dance Sydenham's chorea
11. St. Zachary's disease Mutism
Pseudohermaphroditism, Nephron Disorder and Wilms' Tumor: A Unifying Concept
Authors: Barakat Amin Y. , Papadopoulou Zoe L. , Chandra Roma S. , Hollerman Charles E. , Calcagno Philip L. 
Published: December 2021

Barakat, A. Y., Papadopoulou, Z. L., Chandra, R. S., Hollerman, C. E., and Calcagno, P. L.: Pseudohermaphroditism, nephron disorder, and Wilms' tumor: A unifying concept. Pediatrics, 54:366, 1974.
The authors inadvertently omitted to credit Figure 3 (p. 368) to Dr. Robert W. Miller.
Biliary atresia
Authors: Gellis Sydney S. 
Published: December 2021

It is difficult for me to find fault with Dr. Lilly's presentation, especially since he refers to me as a fair-minded, clear-thinking man!
Dr. Thaler and I concluded in 1968 that the chance of encountering a patient with operable atresia of the extrahepatic biliary ducts was so small that our primary obligation was to protect the infant with neonatal hepatitis from unnecessary and potentially harmful anesthesia and exploration. Much of our data came from an era when surgeons conducting explorations to differentiate neonatal hepatitis from biliary atresia took an inordinate time to look for ducts, perform an operative cholangiogram, and take a liver biopsy.
What Is the Prognosis in Subarachnoidal Bleeding in Infants?
Authors: Gresham Edwin L. , Schreiner Richard L. 
Published: December 2021

Prod'hom et al.1 presented their results concerning the quality of survival of newborns with respiratory distress. They found 7 of 355 patients with hydrocephalus or porencephaly, apparently secondary to an intracranial hemorrhage. They conclude "it seems fully justified to stop all reanimation practices including mechanical ventilation, once the diagnosis of ventricular or subarachnoidal hemorrhage has been made."
Most physicians caring for sick newborns would agree that massive intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn almost always results in death or severe long-term neurologic impairment.
Can Neonatal Assessment Predict Withdrawal Symptoms?
Authors: Maniello Robert L. 
Published: December 2021

The data presented by Soule et al1. on the clinical application of the Brazelton Neonatal Scale in differentiating addicted infants from a control group is reminiscent of studies that our group reported on the effects of obstetric meperidine on neonatal status assessment.2 A one-month follow-up of these infants (Brackbill et al.2, Table 2) has revealed persistent habituation abnormalities. Indeed, the Assessment Scale is clinically useful in predicting the physiologically distressed infant.
However, its influence on the therapeutic management of the addicted newborn is somewhat tenuous.
Treatment of Acrodermatitis Enteropathica With Zinc Sulfate
Authors: Robertson Alex F. , Sotos Juan 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Moynahan reported recently the successful treatment of acrodermatitis with zinc sulfate. He informed us that nine of his patients have continued in remission with this treatment and that approximately 20 patients in Scandinavia are responding to this treatment. Since the use of diiodohydroxyquin is sometimes complicated by optic atrophy2 and since zinc treatment has not been reported in this country, we felt it important to describe the successful use of zinc sulfate in two patients and to urge physicians in the United States to try this treatment.
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
C.R. is an 8-year-old white girl diagnosed at 1 month of age as having acrodermatitis and subsequently studied for fatty acid metabolism3 and tryptophan metabolism.4
Comments and Questions on the Neurotoxicity of Hexachlorophene
Authors: McCarl G. W. 
Published: December 2021

The following comments are offered in response to the recent article by Shuman et al. in Pediatrics.1
The selection of the population is biased since it is not a representative sample. Over 165 cases with unknown pathology were excluded. Consequently, the histopathology was not representative of the overall experience. Furthermore more, information from the same institution by Alden et al.2 is significant. This paper describes the fate of the infants born at the University Hospital in Seattle.
Group G Streptococcal Sepsis
Authors: Brans Yves W. 
Published: December 2021

I have read with interest Dr. Baker's report of a case of neonatal septicemia due to group G Streptococcus.1 Over a period of 11 months, this unusual organism was responsible for systemic infections in two neonates from this nursery.
CASE REPORTS
Baby N.G. was a 2,520 gm, white boy born after an uncomplicated 34-week gestation. Delivery was uneventful with a one minute Apgar score of 9. Membranes had ruptured spontaneously eight hours before delivery. Grunting, retractions, and cyanosis were first noted 15 minutes after delivery.
Dr. Sweet Replies
Authors: Sweet Avron Y. 
Published: December 2021

The tabular material of the cooperative study' referred to by Scratcher is as quoted. He's right. And when I am scratched, I bleed.
Our mode of operation back in 1964 through most of 1968 was based on the assumption that 48 hours of liberal oxygen therapy was proper because it would provide most infants with RDS great benefit and, according to the cooperative study, little risk of eye damage when given over that two-day period.
Visual Following and Pattern Discrimination of Face-like Stimuli by Newborn Infants
Authors: Goren Carolyn C. , Sarty Merrill , Wu Paul Y. K. 
Published: December 2021

Forty newborn infants, median age 9 minutes, turned their eyes and heads to follow a series of moving stimuli. Responsiveness was significantly greater to a proper face pattern than to either of two scrambled versions of the same stimulus or to a blank.
The demonstration of such consistent response differences suggests that visual discriminations are being made at this early age. These results imply that organized visual perception ion is an unlearned capacity of the human organism. The preference for the proper face stimulus by infants who had not seen a real face prior to testing suggests that an unlearned or "evolved" responsiveness to faces may be present in human neonates.
DR. SAMUEL NESBITT'S CASE REPORT OF DYSENTERIC SYMPTOMS FROM WORMS IN A TWO-YEAR-OLD CHILD–PUBLISHED IN 1788
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1788 the Medical Society of New Haven County published a pamphlet of eighty-six pages entitled Cases and Observations: By the Medical Society of New-Haven County. This volume is of historical interest because it was the first volume of transactions published by a Medical Society in the United States.1
Dr. Nesbitt, the author of the case report below, was a Scot who probably was trained at Edinburgh. He practiced medicine in New Haven for about 12 years. Modern readers will appreciate the author's candor in admitting his mistaken diagnosis. Dr. Nesbitt's spelling and punctuation have not been changed.
In the winter of 1784, I was called to visit a child of the Rev. Bela Hubbard, Aged two years.
Calcium Accumulation by the Human Fetus
Authors: Forbes Gilbert B. 
Published: December 2021

Shaw has characterized the calcium content of the fetus by means of an exponential equation in which the independent variable is gestational age.1,2 However, a plot of his data shows a rather large amount of scatter about the calculated regression line, but no estimate of the magnitude of the deviation from regression is given.
The following is another method of dealing with these data, based on the principle of heterogonic, or allometric, growth,3 which states that body calcium content is a power function of body weight.
The endurance of uncertainty
Authors: Berwick Donald M. 
Published: December 2021

In the debate about cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD), the score seems perpetually tied. In 1972, the Intersociety Commission for Heart Disease Resources recommended pervasive dietary changes to lower cholesterol levels for all Americans.1 In the same year, partially in response, the Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics published its opinion that "dietary intervention, at present, is experimental and...[the committee recommends]...against dietary changes for all children."2 Contradictory recommendations about pediatric intervention issue from two equally prestigious oracles.
This issue of Pediatrics contains two additions to the weighty files of evidence on the relationships between cholesterol and CHD.3,4
Gonococcal Periappendicitis and Salpingitis in a Prepubertal Girl
Authors: Auman George L. , Waldenberg Leopold M. 
Published: December 2021

Gonorrhea is the most frequently reported infectious disease in the United States. Salpingitis and periappendicitis secondary to vaginal gonorrhea are not unusual in the mature woman, but are rare in the prepubertal girl. We are reporting a case of vaginal gonorrhea, acute salpingitis, and periappendicitis in a 5-year-old girl.
CASE REPORT
An acutely ill 5-year-old girl with a two-week history of a thick, nonpruritic vaginal discharge and an 18-hour history of fever, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain was admitted for evaluation. There was a negative history of dysuria, constipation, diarrhea, introduction of vaginal foreign body, coitus, and molestation.
Vital signs on admission were: temperature, 39.7 C orally; pulse, 120 beats per minute; respiration, 36 breaths per minute; and blood pressure 100/60.