bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of Technical Conditions for Use or Infringement – The Meanders of the Warehouse Keeper’s Liability in Light of CJEU Judgment C-567/18 Coty Germany
Authors: Szczepanowska-Kozłowska Krystyna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOne form of industrial property right infringement is stocking for the purpose of offering or marketing. This form of infringement appears both in EU legal acts on trademarks or designs, as well as in national regulations, including those concerning patents. What is specific to stocking when compared to other activities comprising the stipulated exclusivity of the holder of industrial property rights is the fact that the literal meaning of “stocking” does not explain whether the infringing party or the warehouse keeper is the entity that places the goods in storage. The structure of industrial property rights as absolute rights would theoretically permit the view that the law is violated by both the entity that accepts the goods for storage and the entity that places such goods in storage. To determine if there is an infringement, it must be established what the goods being stocked are further intended for. It is not without significance that the finding of an infringement of industrial property rights does not depend on fault or awareness. From the point of view of the industrial property law regime, it is difficult to find arguments against this understanding of infringement by stocking. Since the offeror of goods infringing industrial property rights may be held liable even if the goods have not yet been manufactured, it is conceivable that the entity accepting such goods for stocking is also liable. This interpretation of the concept of stocking would certainly correspond to the absolute nature of liability for infringement.In a recent judgment the CJEU confirmed that the warehouse keeper who, on behalf of a third party, stores goods which infringe trademark rights only creates the technical conditions for trademark use by this third party provided that the warehouse keeper is not aware of that infringement. The CJEU also confirmed that only the person who decides about the purpose of storing the goods can be treated as an infringer. However, the CJEU did not respond to the question regarding whether the warehouse keeper could be treated as an infringer if it pursues the aims of storing the goods at the request of the entity that put the goods into storage.
The effect of the interaction between fall-related self-efficacy and gait function on the occurrence of falls in community-dwelling older people
Authors: Kamide Naoto , Sato Haruhiko , Sakamoto Miki , Shiba Yoshitaka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Fall-related self-efficacy and gait function are known to be associated. However, whether the interaction between fall-related self-efficacy and gait function affects future falls has not been investigated.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the interaction between fall-related self-efficacy and spatiotemporal gait parameters on the occurrence of falls in community-dwelling older people.

Methods
A total of 265 elderly persons (age ≥ 65 years) living independently in the community were recruited. For gait function, spatiotemporal gait parameters at usual and maximum effort paces were measured using a 2.4-m walkway system with embedded pressure sensors. Furthermore, changes in gait parameters between usual and maximum paces were calculated (Δgait parameters). Fall-related self-efficacy was assessed using the short version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (Short FES-I). The occurrence of falls was prospectively investigated 6 months later. The effect of the interaction between short FES-I and gait parameters on falls was analyzed using logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors.

Results
Several gait parameters were significantly different by self-efficacy level. As for the effect of the interaction of fall-related self-efficacy and gait parameters on falls, smaller Δgait parameters in those with high efficacy were associated with higher odds ratios of falls, whereas Δgait parameters in those with low efficacy were not associated with falls.

Discussion and conclusions
The interaction between fall-related self-efficacy and gait function appeared to affect future falls. Assessments combining fall-related self-efficacy and gait function may improve the accuracy of prediction of future falls.
Zebrafish come modello per lo studio di malattie della tiroide
Authors: Marelli Federica , Persani Luca 
Published: February 2021

SommarioLe tecniche di sequenziamento di nuova generazione hanno rivoluzionato l’identificazione dei geni-malattia, accelerando la scoperta di nuove mutazioni e nuovi geni candidati per le malattie della tiroide. Per far fronte a questo flusso di nuove informazioni genetiche è importante disporre di modelli animali adeguati per studiare i meccanismi che regolano lo sviluppo della tiroide, la biodisponibilità e l’azione degli ormoni tiroidei. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), con il suo rapido sviluppo embrionale esterno, è stato ampiamente utilizzato in biologia dello sviluppo. Ad oggi, quasi tutti i componenti dell’asse tiroideo zebrafish sono stati caratterizzati e sono strutturalmente e funzionalmente paragonabili a quelli dei vertebrati superiori. La disponibilità di linee transgeniche di zebrafish fluorescenti consente l’analisi in tempo reale dell’organogenesi tiroidea e delle sue alterazioni. Il knockdown transitorio ottenuto con l’uso del morfolino permette di silenziare l’espressione di un gene di interesse e ottenere prontamente informazioni sul suo contributo durante lo sviluppo dell’asse tiroideo in zebrafish. Gli strumenti recentemente disponibili per il knockout genico stabile (es. CRISPR/Cas9) hanno ulteriormente aumentato il valore di zebrafish nello studio della patologia tiroidea. Entrambi i modelli di malattia possono essere inoltre utili per lo screening di nuovi farmaci e molecole che potranno essere utili per pianificare i successivi studi clinici.
Expert consensus on practical aspects in the treatment of chronic urticaria
Authors: Bauer Andrea , Dickel Heinrich , Jakob Thilo , Kleinheinz Andreas , Lippert Undine , Metz Martin , Schliemann Sibylle , Schwichtenberg Uwe , Staubach Petra , Valesky Eva , Wagner Nicola , Wedi Bettina , Maurer Marcus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic urticaria (CU) is a common disease which represents a considerable burden for many patients. The current urticaria guideline describes the evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of CU. In addition, however, questions often arise in everyday practice that are not addressed by the guideline.MethodsIn May 2020, a digital meeting with German urticaria experts was held, in which practical aspects of CU treatment were discussed and supporting aids for everyday clinical treatment formulated. The resulting advice in this document focus on practical questions and the available literature and experiences of the participants.ResultsThe diagnosis of CU can be made in a short time by means of a thorough anamnesis, a physical examination, and a basic laboratory chemical diagnosis. For this purpose, practical recommendations for everyday practice are given in this paper. An extended diagnosis is only indicated in a few cases and should always be carried out in parallel with an effective therapy. In general, CU should always be treated in the same way, regardless of whether wheals, angioedema or both occur. Symptomatic therapy should be carried out according to the treatment steps recommended by the guidelines. This publication provides practical advice on issues in everyday practice, such as the procedure in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the cardiac risk under higher dosed H1 antihistamines, the self-administration of omalizumab as well as vaccination under omalizumab therapy. In addition to treatment recommendations, topics such as documentation in the practice and family planning with urticaria will be discussed.DiscussionThese supporting treatment recommendations serve as an addendum to the current CU guideline and provide support in dealing with CU patients in everyday practice. The aim is to ensure that patients suffering from CU achieve complete freedom of symptoms with the help of an optimal therapy.
Current developments in the treatment of peanut allergy
Authors: Worm Margitta , Francuzik Wojciech , Dölle Sabine , Lange Lars , Alexiou Aikaterina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPeanut allergy is a potentially life-threatening disease because it leads to severe allergic reactions, especially in children but also in adults. So far, allergen avoidance is the most effective therapy for treating peanut allergy. In this article, current developments of peanut allergy specific immunotherapy are critically discussed based on the existing literature. These include sublingual, epicutaneous and oral peanut immunotherapy. Nonspecific treatment approaches with new-targeted antibodies such as anti-IgE (omalizumab) or anti-IL-4/IL-13 receptor antibodies (dupilumab) can also be used to treat peanut allergy with regard to the mode of action of these antibodies. Multiple studies are already available for omalizumab and are currently performed with dupilumab. Whether and which therapies for the treatment of peanut allergy will be available on the market in the future is not only relevant in terms of clinical effectiveness in the sense of a long-term stable increase in the threshold level, but also in terms of the tolerability in everyday life of affected patients.
The general relativistic constraint equations
Authors: Carlotto Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present the state-of-the-art concerning the relativistic constraints, which describe the geometry of hypersurfaces in a spacetime subject to the Einstein field equations. We review a variety of solvability results, the construction of several classes of solutions of special relevance and place results in the broader context of mathematical general relativity. Apart from providing an overview of the subject, this paper includes a selection of open questions, as well as a few complements to some significant contributions in the literature.
Integrated approach on azo dyes degradation using laccase enzyme and Cul nanoparticle
Authors: Sridharan Rajalakshmi , Krishnaswamy Veena Gayathri , Archana K. M. , Rajagopal Revathy , Thirumal Kumar D. , George Priya Doss C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAzo dyes released by the textile industries cause severe damage to the environment and living organisms. The degradation of azo dyes is widely studied using enzymatic methods. Laccase is a copper-containing enzyme that degrades the azo dyes into less toxic compounds. In this work, the crude laccase enzyme produced by the alkaliphilePseudomonas mendocinain the degradation of mixed azo dye showed 0.386 U/mL activity at pH 8.5. A combination of enzymatic and green synthesized nanoparticles was used in the degradation of mixed azo dye. Laccase used in the degradation of mixed azo dyes showed 58.4% in 72 h, while the photocatalytic degradation of mixed azo dyes showed 15.9%. The degradation of azo dyes using copper iodide nanoparticles resulted in 15.8% degradation. However, it was noticed that the combined method of degradation of azo dyes involving both crude laccase and CuI nanoparticles gave a degradation of 62.3% in 60 min. Interaction of laccase enzyme with azo dyes using in silico analysis predicted the binding energy with reactive red (−7.19 kcal/mol), reactive brown (−8.57 kcal/mol), and reactive black dyes (−9.17 kcal/mol) respectively.
Hydrophilic-hydrophilic mixed micellar system: effect on solubilization of drug
Authors: Ezhilrani V. C. , Karunanithi Prakash , Sarangi Babita , Joshi R. G. , Dash Sasmita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMixed micellar systems have been tried with the aim of achieving higher solubility of drugs compared to single micellar systems. Hydrophobic-hydrophilic mixed micellar systems have been used for the above purpose for the drug ciprofloxacin in the past. In the present study, a hydrophilic-hydrophilic binary micellar system comprising of pluronic copolymers pluronic F127 and pluronic L64 has been studied for its effect on solubilization of the drug Ciprofloxacin. The solutions of the two individual pluronic and their mixed micellar system with drugs were subjected to characterizations viz. UV-spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, FT-IR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), rheology, and partition coefficient. The mixed pluronic–drug system displayed greater solubility of the drug compared with the neat pluronic-drug systems in most of the characterizations. New C–OH bond formation was evidenced by FT-IR spectra due to drug micelle interaction. The values of free energy changes of micellization were found to be −25 kJ mol−1 for pluronic F127, −74.5kJmol−1 for L-64, and −170.4 kJ mol−1 for the mixed pluronic. This is suggestive of spontaneous and stronger binding of drug ciprofloxacin with mixed pluronic in comparison with that in single micellar systems.
Graphic abstract
End-to-end experimentation of a 5G vertical within the scope of blended learning
Authors: Armando Ngombo , Almeida Rui , Fernandes José Marcelo , Silva Jorge Sá , Boavida Fernando 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe next generation of mobile networks, widely known as 5G, was designed to respond to the next 10 years’ communication challenges. 5G will be an essential structure on which all types of electronic communications will rely. Built on the emerging 5G technology, we developed a vertical solution for blended learning environments within a Portuguese national project scope. The project aims to propose an integrated demonstration of a set of products capable of being part and providing services in the future 5G networks framework. To this end, we adopted a bottom-up approach to design and develop a product named5GOpenclasses, where we leveraged FIWARE middleware to manage all entities. This paper presents the architecture, technological platform, associated data structures, and end-user applications of5GOpenclasses. We also present the design of innovative location-based service for blended learning environments. This paper is the first step of the proposed product towards its quantitative evaluation when running Over-the-Top on both 4G and 5G networks. Although successful unit tests were carried out in what concerns the functional outcome, the integration tests for quantitative results depend on the availability of other project components.
Social Anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation, and Distress in a Virtual Reality Environment
Authors: Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig , Soring Karen , Kristinsdottir Karen , Halfdanarson Sveinn Gunnar , Johannsdottir Kamilla R. , Vilhjalmsson Hannes H. , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccording to cognitive theories of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation (FNE) may be the mechanism whereby social anxiety induces distress. However, studying this can be challenging, as individuals with social anxiety may be reluctant to enter anxiety-provoking social situations, such as speaking in front of others. The present study used virtual reality (VR) to examine if giving a presentation in front of a virtual audience induced distress among undergraduate students and to test the hypothesis that FNE would mediate the relationship between social anxiety and distress. University students (N = 58, 70% female) entered a VR environment where they stood in front of a virtual audience and gave a short, impromptu presentation about their university. Participants also completed self-report measures of social anxiety, FNE, and distress (estimated before, during, and after VR). Distress and FNE had positive relationships with social anxiety and FNE fully mediated the relationship between social anxiety and distress. As far as we are aware, this is the first VR study to show this effect. The findings indicate that FNE could be a useful treatment target to reduce distress when presenting in front of an audience, either in VR or in person.
Objective Bayesianism and the Abductivist Response to Scepticism
Authors: Bradley Darren 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn important line of response to scepticism appeals to the best explanation. But anti-sceptics have not engaged much with work on explanation in the philosophy of science. I plan to investigate whether plausible assumptions about best explanations really do favour anti-scepticism. I will argue that there are ways of constructing sceptical hypotheses in which the assumptions do favour anti-scepticism, but the size of the support for anti-scepticism is small.
Les quatre temps de l'interculturalisme au Québec
Authors: Lamy Guillaume , Mathieu Félix 
Published: February 2021

RésuméCet article propose de montrer la transformation de l'idée d'interculturalisme au Québec de sa genèse dans les groupes communautaires montréalais des années 1960 jusqu’à son intégration dans la politique des partis au début du XXIesiècle à l'Assemblée nationale du Québec. Cette sociologie historique insiste sur la course à relais entre divers acteurs qui sont entrés en concurrence afin d'en définir le sens et les principes. L'histoire de l'idée d'interculturalisme montre en relief quatre périodes distinctes : la genèse du vocabulaire de « l'interculturel » (1963–1977), sa diffusion hors des groupes communautaires (1978–1988), la transition sémantique vers « l'interculturalisme » (1988–2006) et la polarisation politique à son sujet alors que se lèvent au Québec les controverses identitaires (2007–2018).
Oat genotypic requirement for intercropping with vetch under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Baxevanos D. , Tsialtas I. T. , Voulgari O. , Pankou C. I. , Vlachostergios D. , Lithourgidis A. S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOat (Avena spp. L.) intercropped with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) has shown high forage yield and crude protein content (CP) in rainfed Mediterranean environments of Greece. The objective was to study the oat genotypic interactions for yield, quality and agronomic traits of four oat accessions (cv. Flega and lines B2, B3 and B4) grown as intercrops with a common vetch cultivar (Pegasus) and as monocrops without or with nitrogen (N) supplementation (100 kg N/ha). In all mixtures, the land equivalent ratio exceeded the unit indicating that there was a yield advantage. Intercrops produced, on average, 5.0% less dry matter (DM) and 38.9% more crude protein yield (CPY) compared to monocropped oats with N fertilization and 3.4% more DM and 75.5% more CPY compared to monocropped oats without N fertilization. The DM, CP and quality differences between the intercropped and monocropped oats were attributed to oats by vetch cultivar interactions. The oat B2 intercropped was the shortest, the latest flowering and the less vigorous early in the season, a trait that allowed common vetch to dominate in the intercrop (vetch participation 770 g/kg). The high vetch fragment in the intercrop contributed to high CP, CPY, acid detergent lignin, total digestible nutrients, relative feeding value, relative forage quality, net energy for lactation and to low neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and hemicellulose. The replacement value index indicated that the intercrop was 21% more economically viable in comparison to the fertilized monocrop.
Factors influencing milk osteopontin concentration based on measurements from Danish Holstein cows
Authors: Christensen Brian , Zachariae Elias D. , Poulsen Nina A. , Buitenhuis Albert J. , Larsen Lotte B. , Sørensen Esben S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOur objective was to determine the content of the bioactive protein osteopontin (OPN) in bovine milk and identify factors influencing its concentration. OPN is expressed in many tissues and body fluids, with by far the highest concentrations in milk. OPN plays a role in immunological and developmental processes and it has been associated with several milk production traits and lactation persistency in cows. In the present study, we report the development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of OPN in bovine milk. The method was used to determine the concentration of OPN in milk from 661 individual Danish Holstein cows. The median OPN level was determined to 21.9 mg/l with a pronounced level of individual variation ranging from 0.4 mg/l to 67.8 mg/l. Breeding for increased OPN in cow's milk is of significant interest, however, the heritability of OPN in milk was found to be relatively low, with an estimated value of 0.19 in the current dataset. The variation explained by the herd was also found to be low suggesting that OPN levels are not affected by farm management or feeding. Interestingly, the concentration of OPN was found to increase with days in milk and to decrease with parity.
The Swine Flu Immunization Program: Scientific Venture or Political Folly?
Authors: Wecht Cyril H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe author of this Article, an internationally recognized coroner perhaps best known among laymen for his incisive and tenacious criticism of the Warren Commission report on the Kennedy assassination, turns his attention to the federal government's 1976-1977 Swine Flu Immunization Program. Dr. Wecht contends that although this program may have been viewed by its key proponents as having great public health importance, or perhaps even political value, its creation and continuation nevertheless were scientifically unjustified. Furthermore, he contends, the federal government failed to inform the public adequately of important facts about the program's origins and progress, and it mismanaged the program in several important respects. Among the topics he discusses are swine flu's epidemiological history (including the 1976 Fort Dix outbreak that propelled swine flu into the national consciousness); the key elements leading to the government's decision to immunize; the government's failure to reevaluate the program seriously as problems arose; the shortcomings of the federal swine flu statute; the inadequacy of the government's investigation of the deaths of three persons in Pittsburgh within a few hours after being vaccinated (a matter that was of immediate concern to the author in his role as Coroner of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania); the long-delayed termination of the program following the emergence of a possible statistical link between the immunizations and an increase in the incidence of the Guillain-Barré Syndrome; the financial and human costs of the program; and the need for calmer, more objective decision making in future situations where immunization of the general populace is being considered.
Governmental Regulation of Health Care: A Response to Some Criticisms Voiced by Proponents of a “Free Market”
Authors: Weiner Stephen M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this Comment, the Massachusetts Rate Setting Commissioner takes issue with the criticism of health care cost-containment regulation that was expressed by Professor Clark C. Havighurst in a recent edition of theJournal,and argues that instead of abandoning regulation in favor of various “free market” alternatives recommended by Professor Havighurst, the nation should find ways to make regulation work more effectively in the public interest. The author challenges Professor Havighurst on the ground that he fails to recognize (1) that the free market model is inadequate for evaluating regulatory activity and (2) that regulation is essentially a political process, and therefore regulatory objectives cannot and should not be defined in economic terms alone. What is needed, suggests Mr. Weiner, is acceptance of the need for, and validity of, regulation, and an examination of how regulation can best achieve its economic and political objectives. The key challenge for policy makers in the health care regulatory field, he asserts, is the clarification and implementation of appropriate relationships (1) between health care regulation and health care rationing; (2) between health care regulation and health care planning; and (3) between health care regulation and health care competition.