bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPLICATION OF DEFINING REFUGEE IN INDONESIAN IMMIGRATION LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: Wiraputra Anindito Rizki 
Published: July 2021

Indonesia as a country which did not ratify UN Convention 1951 on Status of Refugees and Protocol 1967, issued a Presidential Decree No.125/2016 on Handling Overseas Refugee in addressing the issues of foreign nation subject who intend to seek refuge by passing through Indonesian territory, generally aiming to seek refuge in Australia. These foreign nation subject introduced as “refugee” by media although the subject is unrecognized by Indonesian immigration law system. Indonesian immigration law only recognize subject as a person who enter or leave Indonesian territory by legal or illegal means. The definition of Refugee on Presidential Decree No.125/2016 is the first definition of the subject in Indonesian legal system, refers to both Refugee and Asylum Seekers in UN Convention 1951, which supposed to have different handling methods. Therefore, the implementation of Presidential Decree No.125/2016 leads to different understanding in immigration and foreign policy perspective on Refugee subject.
STUDY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MINISTER OF LAW AND HUMAN RULES REGARDING REGISTRATION AND GIVING IMMIGRATION FACILITIES FOR DOUBLE CITIZENS
Authors: Nurkumalawati Intan 
Published: July 2021

This study is to analyse and review the implementation of the Law and Human Rights Minister’s Regulation about a registration and immigration facility for children with dual citizens’ status. Some problems arise as to provisions on the Law and Human Rights Minister’s Regulation Number 22 of 2012 on Procedures of a Registration for Children with Dual Citizens’ Status and Immigration Facility Application in accordance with the Law and Human Rights Minister’s Regulation Number 12247 of 2016 on Procedures of Indonesian Citizenship Application through an Electronic System. This study shows that the Law and Human Rights Minister’s Regulation needs areas of improvement pertaining to some categories of children with dual citizens’ status subject to the Indonesian Citizenship Law Number 12 of 2006, a compulsory registration for children with dual citizens’ status has yet no legal force and effect for those who violate it, no provisions regulate the validity of the certificate of registration but it is printed in the certificate and the card, and two terms “affidavit” and “immigration facility” may lead to ambiguity and have an effect on the process of citizenship status determination by someone who is at 18 or not exceeding 21 years old.
REFUSAL OF FOREIGNERS TO INDONESIA THROUGH IMMIGRATION CHECKPOINTS AT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS: AN ABSOLUTE SOVEREIGNTY
Authors: Arifin Ridwan 
Published: July 2021

This paper is to discuss the implementation of denied entry person into Indonesia in term of a national sovereignty. The security approach and selective policy are two main features in analyzing the provisions and practice of refusing an inadmissible person for immigration reasons at Immigration border controls across Indonesian international airports. Relating to law enforcement at borders, this is also to identify how immigration officers play important roles subject to Indonesian immigration policy and laws.
PUNISHMENT FOR FOREIGN CITIZENS THAT MAKE AN ABUSE OF FREE VISIT VISA
Authors: Hamdi Muhammad Arief 
Published: July 2021

Geographically, Indonesia's territory consists of islands which have a short distance from other countries, even bordering directly with other countries. Causing the easy movement of people from one country to another. Ideally for the sake of securing the country there should be a visa to enter a country. Visas are divided into various types, one of which is a visitor visa. In applying for a visitor visa in Indonesia, the President issues a Presidential Regulation concerning visa-free visits. In Presidential Regulation No. 21 of 2016 concerning visa-free visits contained in article 3 paragraph (1) that the visa-free visa recipient is exempt from the obligation to have a visitor visa to enter Indonesian territory. And in Article 4 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) it is stated that foreign tourists will be granted a stay permit for 30 days but cannot extend the visa-free validity period or be converted into another residence permit. This paper discusses the use of visa-free visitor visit both positive impacts and negative impacts of the visa-free visa policy. This visa-free policy issued by the President has caused an increase in the level of traffic for people entering and leaving Indonesian territory. This increase in traffic was dominated by foreigners entering and leaving Indonesian territory, this had an impact on the weak guarding of foreign workers who could not be detected due to the visa-free policy.. As well as solutions to the impacts produced by visa-free policies.
STRENGTHENING THE FUNCTION OF IMMIGRATION AS A COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FACILITATOR IN STRATEGIC PLAN OF THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION YEAR 2020-2024
Authors: Putri Rima Sari Indra 
Published: July 2021

Year 2020 is the beginning of years for The Directorate General of Immigration to start its strategic planning for the next 5 (five) years compiled as document of Directorate General of Strategic Plan of 2020-2024. The Directorate General's Strategic Plan comply The Ministry of Justice and Human Rights Strategic Plan which sets to document of RPJMN-IV determined in accordance to the Vision and Mission of the Elected President. Reflected by the Vision, Mission and also the Government's Strategic/ National Priorities for the next 5 (five) years, President Jokowi hoped for development acceleration especially in aspects of human resource and regional development. Some methods are by inviting as much investment as possible and implementing bureaucratic reforms in governance. Sinergyzing with the Vision of the President, the Directorate General of Immigration formulated the direction with a change in its focus. Formerly, in year 2015-2015, focus of immigration policies are to strengthen immigration public service and law enforcement while for the next 5 years the focus is aimed to be slightly change to the effort to strengthen state security and facilitate public welfare development. Therefore this paper will describe efforts planned to be taken to strengthen immigration function as facilitator of public welfare development. Based on the description as mentioned before, the Research Question for this paper is : “How will the function of immigration as the facilitator of public welfare development will be directed in the strategic planning of the Directorate General of Immigration for 2020-2024?". The aim is to study and analyze immigration policy and its strategic objectives. This study uses descriptive qualitative method with the using of primary and secondary data gathered by the author.
PRINCIPII CONSACRATE ÎN JURISPRUDENȚA CEDO ȘI CJUE ÎN MATERIE DE SECURITATE NAȚIONALĂ
Authors: Manea Sorina Ana 
Published: July 2021

Sistemul european de protecție a drepturilor omului este, astăzi, unul dintre cele mai avansate din lume. Cu toate acestea, există și zone de activitate în care clarificările și perfecționarea
Sistemul european de protecție a drepturilor omului este, astăzi, unul dintre cele mai avansate din lume. Cu toate acestea, există și zone de activitate în care clarificările și perfecționarea reprezintă o constantă. Măsurile de combatere a terorismului luate în considerare sau adoptate în Europa, în special cele care sporesc supravegherea în masă, colectarea și stocarea informațiilor electronice sau protecția datelor cu caracter personal sunt astfel de zone. Unele dintre aceste măsuri acordă puteri mai intruzive serviciilor de informații pentru a canaliza deciziile în direcția puterii executive, fără a fi instituite garanțiile judiciare necesare într-un stat de drept.
reprezintă o constantă. Măsurile de combatere a terorismului luate în considerare sau adoptate în Europa, în special cele care sporesc supravegherea în masă, colectarea și stocarea informațiilor electronice sau protecția datelor cu caracter personal sunt astfel de zone. Unele dintre aceste măsuri acordă puteri mai intruzive serviciilor de informații pentru a canaliza deciziile în direcția puterii executive, fără a fi instituite garanțiile judiciare necesare într-un stat de drept.
THE PERSISTENT CONFLICT, A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CONCEPT OF APPROACHING THE HYBRID WAR IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: PETRESCU Valentin 
Published: July 2021

The Contemporary Eastern European operational environment is a complex system of actors, weapons and weapon systems, circumstances and conditions that manifest themselves in well-defined areas and that can directly influence decisions to use military capabilities. It may include both enemy and neutral or allied enemy forces and systems participating in the persistent conflict, as well as the culture of the population, the physical environment, local resources, the technological level, the political decision-maker and the executor. The lessons learned from the first part of this century convinced us that the Eastern European operational environment is quite conflictual; constantly changing at local and regional level, it falls into a dynamic, persistent and complex context, which, combined with energy blackmail strategies favor the emergence of hybrid dangers and threats to the stability and security of the Eastern European area. Through this article I want to give a firm and documented answer to questions related to: the conception of approaching the persistent hybrid conflict; the tendency of some actors to persist in tensions in the area of Eastern European insecurity and their concern to maintain the persistent conflict as a form of modern manifestation of Eastern European Community relations.

Keywords: operational environment; persistent conflict; hybrid threats; hybrid operating system.
Remedial Approaches against Arsenic Pollution
Authors: Khatisashvili Gia , Varazi Tamar , Kurashvili Maritsa , Pruidze Marina , Bunin Evgeni , Didebulidze Kakha , Butkhuzi Tinatin , Bakradze Elina , Asatiani Nino , Kartvelishvili Tamar , Sapojnikova Nelly 
Published: July 2021

The study is devoted to a very urgent and acute problem for Georgia – remediation/restoration of the arsenic (As) mining and storage sites. The approach of a given work is based on using capabilities of nature itself, which has a great adaptive potential to chemical environmental pollution. The aim of the study is to identify the bacterial strains from the endemic soil microbiota, characteristic to a specific localization of arsenic contaminated sites and able to resist to the toxicant. To determine the level of arsenic contamination, soil samples have been analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry method. The distribution of arsenic in soil samples splits them into categories according to the degree of contamination, ranging from 50 ppm to 13000 ppm. The local bacteria community has been studied using conventional cultivation method along with modern method of bioindication – a biochip. The low density biochip contains the relevant probes for the identification of the bacterial consortium in soil microbiota. Chemical and microbiological analysis was based on the standards and methodologies developed by International Standards Organizations – ISO and Environmental Protection Agency – EPA. It is prospected that bioremediation can become essential part of remediation against arsenic pollution in the context of circular economy.
Ancestral foxes at the gates of Europe: the Pliocene fox from Çalta-1 (Turkey) and their relationships with Asian and European Plio-Pleistocene foxes
Authors: BARTOLINI-LUCENTI Saverio , Joan MADURELL-MALAPEIRA undefined 
Published: July 2021

The Pliocene record of genus Vulpes Frisch, 1775 in Eurasia is scarce, coming from few sparse localities. The lack of a comprehensive and integrated revision led to the description of numerous different taxa, often only tentatively related to extant species but not with one another. Çalta-1 is an important Pliocene site located in the Anatolian region of Turkey, dated to 4.0 Ma. In the present review, we reappraise the interesting record of Vulpes galatica Ginsburg, 1998. Morphological and ­morphometric evidence suggests a strong similarity between this taxon and the early Late Pliocene V. beihaiensis Qiu & Tedford, 1990, recovered from the Chinese Yushe Basin. Such evidence favors the parsimonious interpretation of synonymy between the two species, under the name V. beihaiensis. This hypothesis opens a new interpretation on the biogeography of the Pliocene-Early Pleistocene foxes of Eurasia. Vulpes beihaiensis links the Asian and European records, with its affinity to V. ­alopecoides (Del Campana, 1913) and, eventually, to the extant red fox (Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)).
An Improved Procedure for Strongly Coupled Prediction of Sailing Yacht Performance
Authors: Persson A. , Larsson L. , Finnsgård C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an improved procedure for strongly coupled prediction of sailing yacht performance is developed. The procedure uses 3D RANS CFD to compute the hydrodynamic forces. When coupled to a rigid body motion solver and a sail force model, along with a rudder control algorithm, this allows sailing yacht performance to be predicted within CFD software. The procedure provides improved convergence when compared to a previously published method. The grid motion scheme, partially using overset grid techniques, means that correct alignment between the free surface and the background grid is ensured even at large heel angles. The capabilities are demonstrated with performance predictions for the SYRF 14 m yacht, at one true wind speed, over a range of true wind angles, with up- and downwind sailsets. The results are compared to predictions from the ORC-VPP for a yacht with similar main particulars.
Stochastic Assessment and Applications for Welding Shrinkage Impact on Production Cost
Authors: Heo H. Y. , Youn D. H. , Chung H. 
Published: July 2021

Since ship hull blocks are constructed by assembling numerous intermediate parts, negligible dimensional variations in the parts can easily accumulate to cause serious misalignment in block erection stage. Considering the welding – the primary joining process in ship production which inherently causes distortions, the quality of block’s dimensional variations during the assembly would deteriorate even faster. Thinking that the intermediate products with low dimensional quality in the ship production are not scrapped but reworked, the productivity of each workstation greatly depends on the dimensional quality of these dimensionally critical intermediate products. Reworks such as recutting, mechanical and/or thermal correction against misalignment, excessive welding for wide gap and thermal straightening are commonly subsequently increases the total production cost.
One of the major dimensional accuracy control activities is the shrinkage margin design. The optimal length of excess edge is assigned to plates in order to compensate welding shrinkage. In the past, the welding shrinkage is predicted based mostly on the empirical formula or just designer's experience, so the accuracy of the assigned was relatively poor and could not effectively help reducing non-value-added rework activities. The simplified margin calculation procedure could not consider the welding sequence as well as process variations such as welding heat input.
This work aims to develop the optimal shrinkage margin calculation system for dimensional quality improvement. The proposed system calculates the optimal shrinkage margin using computer-aided engineering toolsets based on finite element analysis as well as design point searching procedure adopting the quality loss function and statistical values considering shrinkage variation values during welding.
The developed scheme improves the accuracy control procedure in the ship production process thus enhance competitiveness of shipbuilders in dimensional accuracy technology by minimizing the accuracy impact on productivity.
Changes to the status of birds in the Tapitallee region on the south coast of New South Wales from 1928 to 2020
Authors: Daly Garry 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Aubrey Elliott (1910–1943), a passionate ‘bird-man’, lived in the suburb of Tapitallee on the south coast of New South Wales until 1940. During that period he and his brother, Arthur kept notes on the birds in the local area and devised a hide that was mounted on a utility that enabled them to take close-up photographs. To augment his observations Elliott interviewed local residents and collated information on the status of the area’s birds. In 1985 I purchased the property next to where Elliott lived and was given access to his notes. This paper presents a comparison of avifauna in the Tapitallee area between 1926–40 and 1985–2020. During that time there have been changes in the distribution and abundance of many birds. Fourteen species have become locally extinct while 28 have colonised/recolonised the area. Combining Aubrey’s and our data a total of 194 species of bird have been recorded in the area. Dams have been constructed and native vegetation has regrown on the steeper slopes. These actions have expanded the habitat for aquatic and forest dependant species but disadvantaged those that occupy grasslands. The Red Fox Vulpes vulpes colonised the area in 1907 and is implicated in the local extinction of the Bush Stone Curlew Burhinus grallarius. Wildfire in January 2020 burnt a relatively small portion of the Tapitallee area but these fires burnt an extensive area of southern NSW and Victoria. These fires were likely to be responsible for the decline in the numbers of Yellow-faced Honeyeaters Caligavis chrysops and White-naped Honeyeater Melithreptus lunatus migrating north in the autumn of that year.
The Risk of Nosocomial Infection Transmission in the Paediatric Outpatient Clinic in a Developing Country
Authors: Amadi Ogechukwu F. , Chinawa Awoere T. , Asinobi Isaac N. , Ekwochi Uchenna , Nduagubam Obinna C. , Iheji Chukwunonso C. , Okamkpa Chikezie J. , Ndu Ikenna K. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: As more care is provided for children in outpatient facilities, it is increasingly important to understand the potential for disease transmission and this is particularly so for nosocomial infections which are infections originating in hospitals. Knowledge of the profile of bacterial isolates of surfaces in outpatient facilities and their sensitivity patterns serves as a guide for prevention of nosocomial infection transmission.
Material and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Children's Outpatient Clinic (CHOP) of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria (ESUT-TH). Samples for culture were collected from equipment and hospital surfaces. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined for each isolate by the Agar diffusion method using Standard Nutrient Agar 1 discs.
Results: Out of 122 samples collected from various sites, bacterial growth was observed in 55 (45.0%) specimens. Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most common isolates cultured from 23 different locations. Among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 17.4% (4/23) were MRSA. Levofloxacin and Imipenem showed the best sensitivity pattern for Staphylococcus aureus
Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the commonest isolates.
There is need to develop specific protocols that will ensure hand hygiene, judicious use of antimicrobials, active surveillance, and enhanced cleaning/disinfection of surfaces in outpatient clinics as essential components of prevention and control of nosocomial infections.
Analysis of Patients Undergoing Splenectomy for Spleen Masses
Authors: Erdogan Osman , Parlakgumus Alper , Topal Ugur , Daban Ugras , Tas Zeynel Abidin , Irkorucu Oktay 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Spleen masses, which are discovered on imaging studies, usually create difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Except for lymphomas involving the spleen, primary and secondary neoplasms are rare and discovered by chance. This study analyses a series of splenectomies in a surgical clinic to evaluate the management of incidentally diagnosed splenic masses.
Study Design: This retrospective study included patients operated for spleen masses between 2010 and 2021. Patients with a history of lymphoproliferative disease and splenectomy performed as part of a larger resection were excluded.
Methodology: The patients were divided into three groups, i.e. cystic, benign and malignant, based on the results of pathological examinations. The groups were compared in terms of age, gender, tumor size, and previous history of malignancy.
Results: Splenectomy was performed in 512 patients in 11 years, 62 of whom had solid and cystic lesions detected on imaging. Thirty-five patients (56,5%) were female and the median age was 40 years (range: 18-80 years). Forty-four patients (71%) had distinct symptoms. Radiological evaluations of all the patients were made. Diagnostic biopsy could not be performed in any of the patients. The final pathological examination showed cysts in 38 patients (61,3%), benign lesions in nine patients (14,5%) and malignant lesions in 15 patients (24,2%). Out of 15 patients with malignant lesions, one patient had Hodgkin’s lymphoma, four patients had diffuse large B cell lymphoma and ten patients had metastatic tumors. There was a significant difference in age between the groups and the malignant group was older (p = 0.017). The size of the lesions also significantly differed and the malignant lesions had a significantly smaller diameter (p = 0.014). A significantly higher rate of the malignant group had a previous history of cancer (p˂0,001).
Conclusion: Spleen neoplasms are masses that are difficult to diagnose. Most of them are asymptomatic and are found after splenectomies by coincidence. Splenectomy can be utilized as both a diagnostic and curative method. It should be kept in mind that the lesions detected in the spleen in patients with a history of malignancy can be metastatic.
IDH Mutation Subgroup Status Associates with Intratumor Heterogeneity and the Tumor Microenvironment in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Xiang Xiao , Liu Ziyang , Zhang Chong , Li Zhao , Gao Jie , Zhang Changkun , Cao Qi , Cheng Jinghui , Liu Hengkang , Chen Dingbao , Cheng Qian , Zhang Ning , Xue Ruidong , Bai Fan , Zhu Jiye 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is highly heterogeneous. Here, the authors perform exome sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing on 73 tumor regions from 14 ICC patients to portray the multi‐faceted intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) landscape of ICC. The authors show that ITH is highly concordant across genomic, transcriptomic, and immune levels. Comparison of these data to 8 published datasets reveals significantly higher degrees of ITH in ICC than hepatocellular carcinoma. Remarkably, the authors find that high‐ITH tumors highly overlap with the IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase)‐mutant subgroup (IDH‐SG), comprising of IDH‐mutated tumors and IDH‐like tumors, that is, those IDH‐wildtype tumors that exhibit similar molecular profiles to the IDH‐mutated ones. Furthermore, IDH‐SG exhibits less T cell infiltration and lower T cell cytotoxicity, indicating a colder tumor microenvironment (TME). The higher ITH and colder TME of IDH‐SG are successfully validated by single‐cell RNA sequencing on 17 503 cells from 4 patients. Collectively, the study shows that IDH mutant subgroup status, rather than IDH mutation alone, is associated with ITH and the TME of ICC tumors. The results highlight that IDH‐like patients may also benefit from IDH targeted therapies and provide important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of ICC.