bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New culture medium from Lentils (Lens exculenta) seeds for growth Leishmania parasite and some bacteria and fungi
Authors: mohammed Sabaa Taher , Ajah Hamzia Ali , Abdulkhaliq Roua Jamal , AlKhateeb Hiba M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Lentils (Lens exculenta) were used in research of a new culture medium aimed at the growth of leishmania parasite in vitro. The medium was composed of two phases. The Lens exculenta was used in preparation (with or without added misshapen blood). In the liquid phase, dextrolite solution was used as an oral perfusion solution, instead of lock solution. This study showed increased in numbers of promasitgote in new culture media and this The study showed an increase in the growth of the shape in the center of the plant, and that this increase and the number of parasites was a significant increase compared to the center of NNN-media. The average number of parasites on the eighth day of growth, which represents the peak growth in these groups (2425 and 2650) ×104 cell/ml, respectively. The growth of the parasite continued but at a lower rate and good viability until the twentieth day the number of parasites reached to (500 and 466.6) ×104 cell/ml, respectively. This study showed that the percentage of the parasite viability was good and increased from the second day to the highest on the eighth day (96 % and 95%) respectively. On the 20th day, it was only (30% and 15 %) respectively. Blood added to the new medium receives good growth but lasts only 14 days with no subculture.
The effect of adding chemical fertilizers and spraying with the growth regulator brassinolide and the interaction between them on the growth characteristics and chemical content of date palm trees cultivated in gypsum soils.
Authors: Al-Hamdani Kh.A.S. , Al Katila A. H. Mahmoud 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the Fallujah Palm Plant - Department of Horticulture - Ministry of Agriculture on palm trees of the Khostawi variety at the age of 10 years, from (15/2/2020) until (21/10/2020). The experiment included two factors, the first is the use of three fertilizer combinations in addition to the control treatment (F0, F1, F2, and F3). The second factor is the use of the brassinolide growth regulator with three concentrations (0, 0.040, and 0.060) mg.L-1, symbolized as Br0, Br1, and Br2, respectively. At a probability level of 0.05, the results of the study are summarized as follows:Fertilization with the fertilizer mixture F3 (urea 900 g + 450 g DAP + potassium sulfate 600 g) resulted in a significant increase in the average number of leaves, the rate of increase in the length of the fronds, the rate of increase in the length of the pinnaes, the content of the leaves of chlorophyll, the percentage of dry matter of the leaves and the content of the leaves from Carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and protein, which amounted to 2.41 leaves, 0.203 cm, 0.71 cm, 54.55 spad units, 35.00%, 11.76%, 1.01%, 0.265%, 1.109%, 6.424%, while the control treatment gave the lowest rate for the aforementioned traits. The spraying with the growth regulator brassinolide, especially the concentration 0.060 mg/L-1, resulted in a significant increase in the rate of the number of leaves, the rate of increase in the length of the fronds, the rate of increase in the length of the pinnae, the content of the leaves of chlorophyll, the percentage of the dry matter of the leaves and the content of the leaves of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and protein as they reached 2.58 sheets, 0.248 cm, 0.81 cm, 54.78 spad unit, 33.67%, 0.97%, 0.287%, 1.081%, and 6.047%, while the control treatment gave the lowest rate for the aforementioned traits. The studied characteristics, as the interaction treatment F3Br2 gave the highest rate of increase in the studied traits, while the interaction F3Br1 was superior by giving it the highest content of carbohydrates in the leaves.
Tuning the Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties of Phthalocyanine and Metallo-Phthalocyanine Molecular Junction
Authors: Al-mebir Alaa Ayad K. , Noori Mohammed D. , Kadhim Bahjat B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, a comparative study is presented that analyses the electrical and thermoelectrical properties of free base-Phthalocyanine (Bare-Pc) and Metallo-Phthalocyanine (MPc) molecule sandwiched between gold electrodes. The study investigates the transmission and conductance characteristics of Bare-Pc without central metal ion and with different transition metal ions at the centre of (Pc) such as (Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn) in two different molecular configurations, cis and trans. The results reveal that the conductance changed by varying the transition metal-centre in the order of Co > Ni > Zn in trans, and closely similar pattern Co > Ni > Mn in cis with higher values in trans configuration. This reflects the correlation between the spin-dependent transport properties with the transition metal-centre type and the molecular structure. Further, thermoelectrical properties such as thermal conductance (k), Seebeck coefficient (S) and figure of merit (ZT) are investigated. It was found that (k), (S) and (ZT) have higher values in case of trans configuration for Co-Pc, Ni-Pc and Zn-Pc structures. Thus, by varying the transition metal-centre type and the molecular configuration of (Pc) molecule, transport properties can be tuned to produce a good value of the transmission and electrical conductance, thermal conductance, Seebeck coefficient, and figure of merit of the (Pc) molecular junction for potential high conductance and efficient thermoelectric applications.
Investigation of Electric and Thermoelectric Properties of Phthalocyanine monomer/dimer Molecular Junctions
Authors: Al-mebir Alaa Ayad K. , Noori Mohammed D. , Kadhim Bahjat B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, we carried out a theoretical calculation to present the electrical and thermoelectrical properties of five monomers/dimers structures based on Phthalocyanine molecule sandwiched between gold electrodes. The calculation was preformed based on density functional theory (DFT) implemented by SIESTA. The results reveal that the transmission calculations T(E) of all five monomers/dimers show no spin dependent with highest value for monomer structure around Fermi energy. The phthalocyanine monomer structures show higher conductivity calculation around the Fermi energy in comparison to conductivity values of phthalocyanine dimer structures. Further, thermoelectric properties such as Seebeck coefficient (S), thermal conductance (k) and figure of merit (ZT) are also presented. It is found that the highest positive Seebeck coefficient (S) value belongs to zinc phthalocyanine monomer, while the highest negative (S) value belongs to free base phthalocyanine dimer structure over a wide range of Fermi energies. Moreover, zinc phthalocyanine monomer structure shows highest thermal conductance (k), while phthalocyanine dimer structures exhibit lowest thermal conductance (k) in the vicinity of DFT predicted Fermi energy. As a result, high room-temperature figure of merit (ZT ≈1.7) is reported for free base phthalocyanine dimer, which might be due to the low thermal conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductance values, which makes it a preferred candidate for potential thermoelectric applications.
Evaluation of the natural radioactivity of samples of some types of field crops in different areas of Tikrit, Iraq.
Authors: Muhammad Ali Khalid Abdullah , Majeed Mohammed Farid , Ahmed Najam Laith 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims to assess the concentrations of natural radionuclides activity (226Ra,232Th and 40K) and calculate a number of radiation risk indicators in some types of field crops in different areas of Tikrit City - Salah Al-Din Governorate - Iraq. The measurement was carried out using a gamma ray spectroscopy connected with a scintillation detector crystallized with thallium-activated sodium iodide NaI(TI). The results were that t 0……he mean concentrations of elements (226Ra,232Th and 40K) wer (6.79±0.33 1Bq/Kg,10.79 ± 0.640 Bq/Kg, 133.34± 5.895 Bq/Kg), respectively. And the radiation risk indicators were less than the international permissible and the recommended average, so that the samples under study are safe and suitable for human and animal consumption.
Optical and Electrical Properties of the films of ALTiO2 prepared by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Habeeb Mohammed S. , Khadayeir Abdulhussain A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present work, ALTiO2 thin films were deposit On a glass substrate by using a DC magnetron sputtering at varying currents (170,180,200) mA. The thickness of ALTiO2 thin films was calculated using an optical interferometer system that used a He-Ne laser with a wavelength λ of (632.8)nm. The thickness of the thin films was (340,162,129) nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to investigate optical properties. The wavelength spectrum between (300 -1000)nm was used to record the absorption and transmittance spectra of ALTiO2 thin films. With increasing thickness and currents, the optical band gap decreases from (3.2 to 1.9) ev. The electrical properties indicate that as the ALTiO2 film thickness increases (340,162,129) nm respectively (1.19 to 9.84) the resistivity decreases
The effects of various types of phosphate fertilizers on the environment and their natural activity
Authors: Khalf Yasmyn S. , Mohammad Kareem K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of various types of fertilizers on natural radioactivity levels in agricultural soil was investigated in this research. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fertilizer samples were determined by using gamma-ray spectroscopy and a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector to determine the activity concentrations 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K. The activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fertilizers and phosphate raw were (2300-5400) Bq/kg, (9-53) Bq/kg, and (56-3000) Bq/kg, respectively. This research could serve as a baseline data for understanding the effects of fertilizer radiation on human health.
High Efficiency (9.60) of CI Perovskites base solar cells with PCBM (ETM)and P3HT(HTM)
Authors: Abdulsada Zainab R. , Abdul Almohsin Samir M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Due to their easy manufacturing, low production, excellent light harvest characteristics and high efficiency they have been more preferred in the last few years by organic-inorganic perivoskite solar cells in a photovoltaic research culture.
In this research (PCBM) was used as Electron Transport Material (ETM) and (PHT) as Hole Transport Material (HTM). where used with the perovskite (CHNHPbcl3) and we changed the thickness of perovskite, ETM and HTM. And changed effective density of states (CB,VB) with these varibles an efficiency of 9.60 was obtained at 333.15(k).
Solar cell concept evaluation is performed with the Solar Cell power simulator (SCAPS). This model optimizes different parameters such as thickness, density of absorber layer of electron transport material (ETM, ND and NA) and concentrations of doping of hole transport material (HTM, for example). This model also optimizes various parameters. Electrons and holes based on the equation of poisson and continuity can be achieved and simulated CH NH Pbcl is efficient in thickness (100nm).
Calculating properties of non-collinear phase matching in two different polarization for KDP crystal
Authors: Neamah Shaymaa K. , Hanoon Haider K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The properties of non-collinear phase-matching (PM) for potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal were calculated. The properties were calculated numerically for type I phase matching and type II-phase matching. The group delay dispersion (GDD) was determined for KDP at different slant angles and different types of phase matching. The slant angles were 0°, 40°, 60°, and 900°. The pumping, signal, and idler wavelengths were 354.7nm, 1064nm, and 532nm respectively. The time delay deepened on the phase-matching angle for three-wave that interact in KDP crystal founded. Ordinary refractive index and extraordinary refractive index discussed, by calculating these indices the birefringence at each wavelength determined. The group delay dispersion and time delay very important factors for optical communication, laser application, and nonlinear optics.
Radioactivity Investigation In Water of Tigris River in Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Hayani Alaa H. , Al-Mashhadani Asia H. , Tawfiq Nada F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The spacific activity of naturally radionuclides (226Ra, 212Pb, and 40K) in water samples of Tigris river was tested using a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector at 30 separate locations in tigris river in Iraq’s Salah Al-Din Governorate. The activity concentrations of activity of 226Ra, 212Pb, 137Cs, and 40K ranged from ( 0.056, 0.702, 0.15, 105.12 Bq/L ) to ( 805.6, 75.12, 27.6, 1149.4 Bq/L ), with an average of ( 315.6, 30.8, 12.04, and 509.2 Bq/L) respectively. The average The radium equivalent activity was found to be (397.4 Bg/kg). The absorbed dose rate in air for the samples was also investigated, and its averagr of (185.6 nGyh-1). For one year, the outdoor annual effective doses with an average of (0.23mSv/y), and the indoor annual effective doses with an average of (0.911mSv/y). The external hazard indices, as well as the internal hazard indices, were found to be more than one higher than the global limit, with average values of 2.04 and 2.89, respectively, higher than the global limit. The International Commission on Radiological Safety and Ionizing Radiation’s Biological Effects Radiation risk factors is used to measure the excess lifetime cancer risk.
Physical Properties of Nanostructured Fe2O3Thin films - Effect of Cobalt Doping Deposited by CSP
Authors: Essa Hanaa K , Khadayeir Abdulhussain A , Salloom Hussein T , Habubi Nadir F , Chiad Sami S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUndoped Fe2O3and Fe2O3: Co thin films with thickness 350 ± 25 nm deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis CSP method at temperature of 450°C. The results of X-ray measurements analysis revealed a polycrystalline pattern for all samples oriented along (110) plane. The films crystallites were oriented along (110) plane. The Grain size for Undoped showed an increase from 12.47 nm to 14.42 nm upon Cobalt doping, whilst dislocation density (δ) for Undoped showed an decreased from 64.30 to 48.09 upon Cobalt doping, whilst strain (ε) decreased for Undoped showed an decreased from 27.96 to 24.03 upon Cobalt doping. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) tests showed nano particles and a decrease in surface roughness. The root mean square roughness (Rrms) decrease from 6.36 nm to 7.61 nm by increasing the for Undoped Fe2O3to Fe2O3:2% Co. Transmittance values of undoped Fe2O3and Cobalt doped films reaches 80% to 90% in Vis- NIR regions. Optical measurements illustrate an increase in the Refractive Index, absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient with increasing Cobalt content in comparison to undoped Fe2O3thin films.
Effect of Addition of Tungsten Carbide on the Structural and Physical Properties of an Aluminum-Based System By Powder Method
Authors: Zeynelabdien Hayder A. , Mahmood Amer SH. , Majeed Zuheer N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The powder technology method was used for the purpose of making samples from the compound (Al-10%Al2O3-%WC), where the first support material was used alumina Al2O3 at a fixed rate of 10% and the second support material WC was in different proportions (0,5, 10,15,20) %, the three powders were grinded together for a period of two hours, then put into a mold and the process was pressed with a hydraulic press at 5 tons for a time of one minute. An English-origin oven was used and the sintering process was done for the samples at 560°C and for a time of only two hours. After that, compositional tests (XRD), physical (real and apparent density, real and apparent porosity) and mechanical (diagonal compressive strength) were performed on the sintered samples. As these tests gave encouraging results with almost distinctive characteristics at a ratio of mixing of 20% WC and thermal sintering of 560°C, as the bulk density was within the limits of 5.51 g/cm3 while the real density was 4.9 g/cm3, while the minimum apparent porosity was 8.83% and the porosity. The real one is 11.76%, while the diagonal compressive strength is 45.33MPa. As for the structural results of the X-ray diffraction after the sintering process, it showed the emergence of a new phase of the tertiary metal oxide (WO3) and the (Triclinic) phase, as well as the emergence of tungsten carbide in the cubic phase.
A General Method for Designing n-Qubits Entanglement Creating Circuits and its Application in Different 4-qubits Entanglement Creating Circuits
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed J. , Saleh Mezher B. , Al-Baidhany Ismaeel Abdulla Akhlite 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of the most important aspects of quantum computation is quantum entanglement, it is an interesting feature of quantum physics, and has many important applications such as quantum teleportation, cryptography, quantum computation, and dense coding. It is an essential task in quantum computing to design circuits that create an entangled system, and many circuits were implied in the quantum computers that generate the desired entangled state of a system. In this paper, we suggest a general method to design different quantum circuits that produce an entangled system for any number of qubits in different manners. Also, we apply the suggested method in order to design different 4-qubits entanglement creating circuits. The results show that it is possible to design different entanglement creating circuits for any number of qubits by following certain method that will be discussed in the paper, and in the case of 4-qubits system we are going to look only at two circuits, the first creates a “GHZ” like state and the second creates a four-basis entanglement state.
The analysis of constructing and evaluating tensor operation paralleling algorithms
Authors: Alsaedi Rusul J. , Shallal Isam K. , Kadhim Qasim S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The algorithms of tensors’ summing, multiplying and collapsing are observed in that issue from the perspectives of those paralleling possibilities. The graphs of these algorithms are developed and analyzed from the point of the forecasted values of the acceleration and efficiency. It is assumed that the time of execution for all computing operations is same and equal to a unit of time, and data transfer between computer devices is performed instantaneously without any time consuming (it is acceptable, for example, a parallel computing systems with shared memory). In particular, it is shown that for the tensors’ addition the time of the fastest execution of algorithm for an unlimited number of processors is equal to the length of the maximum path in the graph. In other words, the minimum time of the algorithm will be achieved when the number of processors is equal to the number of components of the tensor. A similar analysis was performed for the algorithms of multiplication and convolution of tensors.
Posteriori Error bound For Fullydiscrete Semilinear Parabolic Integro-Differential equations
Authors: Sabawi Younis A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to obtain error bounds for parabolic integro-differential equation. The derivation of these bounds is based elliptic and Ritz -Volterra reconstructions introduced by Makridakis and Nochetto 2003 and then extended to Ritz - Volterra reconstruction in case of integro-parabolic differential problems by Reddy and Sinha 2015. We proved optimal order bounds for certain classes semilinear parabolic intergro differential equations. The key points for these estimators can be reduced the numbers of iterations.
On δ-βc-Connectedness in Topological Spaces via δ-βc-Open Sets
Authors: Awad Ghufran. Ibrahim. , Jumaili Alaa. M. F. AL. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this article a new property which is namely, δ — βc — connectedness in Topological spaces is introduced and investigated by utilizing new generalized of open set which is called δ — βc — open set. Several characterizations and fundamental properties concerning of this class of connectedness are obtained. Moreover, the relationships between this class of connectedness and various other weaker and stronger forms of connectedness are discussed. The behavior of δ — βc — Connected space with respect to some denominations of well-known mappings is studied. Further the components of δ — βc — connectedness and its properties are considered. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 54A05; Secondary: 54D05.
Associated Conformable Fractional Legendre Polynomials
Authors: Shihab Haifa , Al-khayat Thair Younis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Along with the work of Abul-Ez et al. [37], we introduce the associated conformable fractional Legendre polynomials (ACFLPs), from which the fractional differential equation of ACFLPs is established. Subsequently, some of interesting properties are derived such as generating function, hypergeometric representation, analytical formula, besides various of recurrence relations. Also, orthogonal properties of ACFLPs are developed in conformable context. We append our study by presenting the shifted ACFLPs and driving some of important properties such as Rodrigues’ type representation formula of fractional order derivative and explicit formula. An interesting compact closed-form expression is derived from the definite integral using a convenient analytical formula for the shifted ACFLPs. This result is easily generalized for integrands involving products of an arbitrary number of shifted associated Legendre polynomials in conformable sense.
Numerical Solutions of Nonlinear Fredholm Integro Differential Equations using Fifth Order Runge-kutta Method
Authors: Saleh Atefa J. , Barghooth Luma J. , Rasheed Maan A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper is considered with the numerical solution of a type of second-order nonlinear Fredholm integro-differential Equations (FIDs). The proposed scheme is based on Runge - kutta methods of order fifth. Moreover, two numerical examples are considered to show the capability and the accuracy of the proposed methods compared with other Runge-kutta methods of less order. Finally, we apply the least square errors (LSE) formula to make numerical comparisons between the numerical and the exact solutions. The obtained results show that the proposed method is superior and more accurate than Runge - kutta methods of orders two, three, and four.
The Characterizations of δ — Algebras with Their Ideals
Authors: Khalil Shuker M. , Hassan Ahmed Naji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We explored new algebra structures such as δ —algebra, δ —subalgebra and δ —ideal in this work. In addition, we study their fundamental characteristics and their connections with other algebras, such as d/ρ/BCK - algebras, d/ρ/BCK – subalgebras and d/ρ/BCK – ideals. Also, some examples to illustrate our notions are given. MSC (2010): 20G05, 20D06, 20B30, 20B35
A note on the distributions in quantum mechanical systems
Authors: Alabdulsada Layth M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the distributions and the affine distributions of the quantum mechanical system. Also, we discuss the controllability of the quantum mechanical system with the related question concerning the minimum time needed to steer a quantum system from a unitary evolutionU(0) =Iof the unitary propagator to a desired unitary propagatorUf. Furthermore, the paper introduces a description of a k⊕p sub-Finsler manifold with its geodesics, which equivalents to the problem of driving the quantum mechanical system from an arbitrary initial stateU(0) =Ito the target stateUf, some illustrative examples are included. We prove that the Lie groupGon a Finsler symmetric manifoldG/Kcan be decomposed intoKAK.