bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Muscle Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration in Patients With Acetabular Dysplasia After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kawano Takumi , Nankaku Manabu , Murao Masanobu , Hamada Ryota , Goto Koji , Kuroda Yutaka , Kawai Toshiyuki , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Hip osteoarthritis (OA) with acetabular dysplasia negatively affects pelvic alignment and muscle function. We aimed to investigate the changes in muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration of the hip and trunk muscles 1 year after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with hip OA with acetabular dysplasia.

Methods:
This study included 51 female patients who underwent THA for unilateral hip OA with acetabular dysplasia. The cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle density of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, iliopsoas, rectus abdominis, and abdominal oblique muscles using computer tomography and pelvic inclination angle using radiographs were assessed before and 1 year after THA.

Results:
At the 1-year follow-up, the CSA and muscle density of the gluteus medius (2,078 to 2,522 mm2 and 30.3 to 39.4 hounsfield units [HU]), iliopsoas (715 to 901 mm2 and 40.3 to 50.8 HU), and rectus abdominis (336 to 363 mm2 and 28.6 to 30.6 HU) of the affected limb had increased significantly (P < 0.05). The CSA and muscle density of the gluteus maximus (2,429 versus 2,884 mm2 and 23.7 versus 32.6 HU), gluteus minimus (636 versus 785 mm2 and 14.3 versus 37.1 HU), piriformis (505 versus 607 mm2 and 23.4 versus 31.6 HU), and iliopsoas (901 versus 997 mm2 and 50.8 versus 54.5 HU) in the affected limb were lower than those in the unaffected limb (P < 0.01). Postoperatively, the CSA and muscle density of the rectus abdominis were not significantly different between the limbs, and the pelvic inclination angle (35.2° to 32.1°, P < 0.01) was significantly decreased.

Discussion:
Compared with the nonoperated limb, substantial atrophy and fatty infiltration of most hip muscles persisted in the operated limb 1 year after THA in patients with acetabular dysplasia; asymmetry in the rectus abdominis muscle fully resolved. In patients with acetabular dysplasia, the surgical technique and postoperative rehabilitation should be further considered to optimize hip muscle recovery.
Utility of WBCT to Diagnose Syndesmotic Instability in Patients With Weber B Lateral Malleolar Fractures
Authors: Bhimani Rohan , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Lubberts Bart , Kaiser Philip , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. , Waryasz Gregory , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Guss Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Diagnosing syndesmotic instability accompanying Weber B ankle fractures can be challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) to diagnose syndesmotic instability using one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional measurements among patients with unilateral Weber B lateral malleolar fractures with symmetric medial clear space (MCS) on initial radiographs and yet demonstrated operatively confirmed syndesmotic instability.

Methods:
The treatment group included 23 patients with unilateral surgically confirmed syndesmotic instability accompanying Weber B ankle fractures who underwent preoperative bilateral foot and ankle WBCT. The control group included 18 unilateral Weber B ankle fracture patients without syndesmotic instability who underwent bilateral WBCT. Measurements on WBCT images included the following: (1) syndesmotic area, (2) anterior, middle, and posterior distal tibiofibular distance, (3) fibular rotation, (4) distance from fibular tip to plafond, (5) fibular fracture displacement, and (6) MCS distance. In addition, the following volumetric measurements were calculated: (1) syndesmotic joint volume from the tibial plafond extending to 3 and 5 cm proximally, (2) MCS volume, and (3) lateral clear space volume. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Delong test were used, and optimal cutoff values to distinguish between stable and unstable syndesmosis were determined using Youden J statistic.

Results:
Among patients with unilateral syndesmotic instability and Weber B ankle fractures, all WBCT measurements were significantly greater than uninjured side, except MCS distance, syndesmotic area, and anterior and posterior tibiofibular distances (P values <0.001 to 0.004). Moreover, syndesmosis volume spanning from the tibial plafond to 5 cm proximally had the largest area under the curve of 0.96 (sensitivity = 90%; specificity = 95%), followed by syndesmosis volume up to 3 cm proximally (area under the curve = 0.91; sensitivity = 90%; specificity = 90%). Except for MCS volume and distal fibular tip to tibial plafond distance, the control group showed no side-to-side difference in any parameter.

Conclusion:
Syndesmotic joint volume measurements seem to be best suited to diagnose syndesmotic instability among patients with Weber B ankle fractures, compared with other two-dimensional and three-dimensional WBCT measurements.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, comparative diagnostic study
‘Denkfouten, die heb ik niet’
Authors: Coffeng Tessa , van Steenbergen Elianne F. , de Vries Femke , Ellemers Naomi 
Published: December 2021

‘Denkfouten, die heb ik niet’. Aandacht voor de blinde vlek van toezichthouders
Een denkfout (of bias) ontstaat wanneer mensen op basis van aannames onbewust een verkeerde conclusie trekken. Onder toezichthouders (Ntotaal = 339) is onderzocht in hoeverre zij een potentiële ‘blinde vlek’ vertonen voor hun eigen denkfouten en hoe deze blinde vlek kan worden beïnvloed. Uit dit onderzoek bleek dat toezichthouders inderdaad inschatten dat denkfouten meer bij anderen voorkomen dan bij henzelf, en dat zelfwaargenomen objectiviteit deze blinde vlek kan vergroten. Ook bleek dat toezichthouders die waakzamer zijn in mindere mate een blinde vlek hebben voor hun eigen denkfouten. Toezichthouders geruststellen over het risico op denkfouten in de besluitvorming maakte hen juist minder waakzaam.
Four Ways to Experience Augmented Reality at Museums / Neli võimalust liitreaalsuse kogemiseks muuseumis
Authors: Ossmann Jakob , Seirafi Kasra , Doppler Carina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Augmented reality (AR) is a prevalent topic in the museum space as it promises to bridge the gap between the physical exhibition space and digitised information. The present paper introduces a framework of four distinct experience-based categories that outline which kind of AR applications are possible inside the museum: 1) object annotation, 2) object visualisation, 3) guiding, and 4) data visualisation.

Liitreaalsus (LR) on muuseumides levinud, kuna see lubab ületada lõhe füüsilise näituseruumi ja digiteeritud teabe vahel. Vastav tehnoloogia on nüüdseks küpsuse saavutanud ja muutunud tootmisvahendiks mitmetes tööstusharudes. Käesolevas artiklis vaadeldakse, millised on muuseumides rakendatavad konkreetsed kasutusviisid.
Muuseumides kasutatava LR-i põhjalikuks mõistmiseks on mitmeid teoreetilisi ja tehnoloogilisi lähenemisviise. Käesolev artikkel täiendab olemasolevat kirjandust, ühendades LR-i teoreetilisi kontseptsioone ja selle tegelikke rakendusi. Selleks võetakse kasutusele neli liitreaalsuse kategooriat, mis ei tulene mitte tehnilistest kirjeldustest, vaid hoopis kasutajakogemuse seadistustest muuseumides. Need kategooriad on 1) objekti annotatsioon, 2) objekti visualiseerimine, 3) vaataja suunamine (LR giid) ja 4) andmete visualiseerimine. Artiklis järgneb kategooriate lühikirjeldustele analüüs, milles vaadeldakse nende rakendamist eri riikide muuseumides.
Peale nende nelja kategooria rakendamist eri riikide muuseumide parimatele rakendustele väidame, et iga kategooria sobib ideaalselt konkreetsete narratiivsete eesmärkide saavutamiseks: 1) objekti annotatsioon – pidev, 2) objekti visualiseerimine – eraldiseisev, 3) vaataja suunamine – dialoogipõhine ja 4) andmete visualiseerimine – ühendav narrativiseerimine.
See parimate rakendustega seotud kategooriate kogum aitab muuseumispetsialistidel ja otsustajatel paremini mõista LR-i kasutusvõimalusi ning saavutada vahendamise ja narrativiseerimisega seotud soovitud eesmärke.
Transcriptome analysis of ovary culture-induced embryogenesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.)
Authors: Deng Ying , Fu Wenyuan , Tang Bing , Tao Lian , Zhang Lu , Zhou Xia , Wang Qingqing , Li Ji , Chen Jinfeng 
Published: December 2021

Background.Ovary culture is a useful technique used to generate double haploid (DH) cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) plants. However, cucumber ovary culture have a low rate of embryo induction and plant regeneration. Moreover, the cucumber embryogenesis mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we explored the molecular basis of cucumber embryogenesis in order to establish a foundation for a more efficient ovary culture method. Using transcriptome sequencing, we also investigated the differential expression of genes during the embryogenesis process.Methods.Cytological and morphological observations have divided cucumber ovary culture into three stages: early embryo development (T0), embryo morphogenesis (T1, T2, T3 and T4), and shoot formation (T5). We selected six key time points for transcriptome sequencing and analysis: T0 (the ovules were cultured for 0 d), T1 (the ovules were cultured for 2 d), T2 (the embryos were cultured for 10 d), T3 (the embryos were cultured for 20 d), T4 (the embryos were cultured for 30 d), and T5 (the shoots after 60 d culture).Results.We used cytology and morphology to observe the characteristics of the cucumber’s developmental transformation during embryogenesis and plant regeneration. The differentially expressed genes(DEGs) at developmental transition points were analyzed using transcriptome sequencing. In the early embryogenesis stage, the cells expanded, which was the signal for gametophytes to switch to the sporophyte development pathway. RNA-seq revealed that when compared to the fresh unpollinated ovaries, there were 3,468 up-regulated genes in the embryos, including hormone signal transduction genes, hormone response genes, and stress-induced genes. The reported embryogenesis-related genesBBM, HSP90andAGLwere also actively expressed during this stage. In the embryo morphogenesis stage (from cell division to cotyledon-embryo formation), 480 genes that functioned in protein complex binding, microtubule binding, tetrapyrrole binding, tubulin binding and other microtubule activities were continuously up-regulated during the T1, T2, T3 and T4 time points. This indicated that the cytoskeleton structure was continuously being built and maintained by the action of microtubule-binding proteins and enzyme modification. In the shoot formation stage, 1,383 genes were up-regulated that were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylalanine metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism. These up-regualted genes included six transcription factors that contained a B3 domain, nine genes in the AP2/ERF family, and two genes encodingWUShomologous domain proteins.Conclusions.Evaluation of molecular gynogenesis events may contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of cucumber ovarian culture.
Manipulating Exchange Bias in a Van der Waals Ferromagnet
Authors: Wu Yingying , Wang Wei , Pan Lei , Wang Kang L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpintronics applications of thin‐film magnets require control and design of specific magnetic properties. Exchange bias, originating from the pinning of spins in a ferromagnet by these of an antiferromagnet, is a part of the highly important elements for spintronics applications. Here, an exchange bias of ≈90 mT in a van der Waals ferromagnet encapsulated by two antiferromagnets at 5 K, the value of which is highly tunable by the field coolings, is reported. The non‐antisymmetric dependence of exchange bias on field cooling is explained through considering an uncompensated interfacial magnetic layer of an antiferromagnet with a noncollinear spin texture, and a weak antiferromagnetic order in the oxidized layer, at two ferromagnet/antiferromagnet interfaces. This work opens up new routes toward designing and controlling 2D spintronic devices made of atomically thin van der Waals magnets.
Spatiotemporal Regulation of Hydrogel Actuators by Autocatalytic Reaction Networks
Authors: Paikar Arpita , Novichkov Alexander I. , Hanopolskyi Anton I. , Smaliak Viktoryia A. , Sui Xiaomeng , Kampf Nir , Skorb Ekaterina V. , Semenov Sergey N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRegulating hydrogel actuators with chemical reaction networks is instrumental for constructing life‐inspired smart materials. Herein, hydrogel actuators are engineered that are regulated by the autocatalytic front of thiols. The actuators consist of two layers. The first layer, which is regular polyacrylamide hydrogel, is in a strained conformation. The second layer, which is polyacrylamide hydrogel with disulfide crosslinks, maintains strain in the first layer. When thiols released by the autocatalytic front reduce disulfide crosslinks, the hydrogel actuates by releasing the mechanical strain in the first layer. The autocatalytic front is sustained by the reaction network, which uses thiouronium salts, disulfides of β‐aminothiols, and maleimide as starting components. The gradual actuation by the autocatalytic front enables movements such as gradual unrolling, screwing, and sequential closing of “fingers.” This actuation also allows the transmission of chemical signals in a relay fashion and the conversion of a chemical signal to an electrical signal. Locations and times of spontaneous initiation of autocatalytic fronts can be preprogrammed in the spatial distribution of the reactants in the hydrogel. To approach the functionality of living matter, the actuators triggered by an autocatalytic front can be integrated into smart materials regulated by chemical circuits.
Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy via the Convenient A2AR Inhibition Using a Tunable Nanocatalyst with Light‐Enhanced Activity
Authors: Yu Wenqian , Sun Junlin , Wang Xiuyuan , Yu Shuyi , Yan Mingzhu , Wang Fuan , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBlockade of A2A adenosine receptors (A2AR)‐adenosinergic signaling shows high potency to mobilize antitumor immunity for its in‐depth involvement in immune regulation of nearly all immune cells. Available A2AR inhibition strategies are mainly based on small molecules or proteins inhibitors, yet are limited by the non‐specific operation as well as the off‐target toxicity. Herein, the first effort to design a convenient tumor‐specific A2AR inhibition strategy to improve antitumor immune responses via the spatiotemporally controlled oxygen supply by virtue of a versatile photo‐modulated nanoreactor is reported on. This nanoreactor, consisting of a catalase‐mimicking shell (Pt nanocatalyst) and a photothermal core (polydopamine), is rationally designed for achieving the near‐infrared radiation (NIR)‐guided/accelerated oxygen supplementation on tumor site, and for relieving the A2AR‐mediated immunosuppression without toxicity concern. Meanwhile, the NIR light could also mediate the direct photothermal ablation of tumor, and elicit immunogenic cell deaths to boost antitumor immunity. In a poorly immunogenic breast cancer model, the intravenous injection of the nanoreactor leads to the improved immune response with an increased animal survival rate, and achieves the long‐term immunological memory effect against tumor recurrence as well as rechallenge. This convenient nanoreactor‐stimulated A2AR inhibition approach provides a versatile promising paradigm for improving these existing immunotherapies.
Combating Complement's Deleterious Effects on Nanomedicine by Conjugating Complement Regulatory Proteins to Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Hood Elizabeth D. , Nong Jia , Ding Jing , Marcos‐Contreras Oscar A. , Glassman Patrick M. , Rubey Kathryn M. , Zaleski Michael , Espy Carolann L. , Gullipali Damodara , Miwa Takashi , Muzykantov Vladimir R. , Song Wen‐Chao , Myerson Jacob W. , Brenner Jacob S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComplement opsonization is among the biggest challenges facing nanomedicine. Nearly instantly after injection into blood, nanoparticles are opsonized by the complement protein C3, leading to clearance by phagocytes, fouling of targeting moieties, and release of anaphylatoxins. While surface polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) partially decrease complement opsonization, most nanoparticles still suffer from extensive complement opsonization, especially when linked to targeting moieties. To ameliorate the deleterious effects of complement, two of mammals’ natural regulators of complement activation (RCAs), Factors H and I, are here conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles. In vitro, Factor H or I conjugation to PEG‐coated nanoparticles decrease their C3 opsonization, and markedly reduce nanoparticle uptake by phagocytes. In an in vivo mouse model of sepsis‐induced lung injury, Factor I conjugation abrogates nanoparticle uptake by intravascular phagocytes in the lungs, allowing the blood concentration of the nanoparticle to remain elevated much longer. For nanoparticles targeted to the lung's endothelium by conjugation to anti‐ICAM antibodies, Factor I conjugation shifts the cell‐type distribution away from phagocytes and toward endothelial cells. Finally, Factor I conjugation abrogates the severe anaphylactoid responses common to many nanoparticles, preventing systemic capillary leak and preserving blood flow to visceral organs and the brain. Thus, conjugation of RCAs, like Factor I, to nanoparticles is likely to help in nanomedicine's long battle against complement, improving several key parameters critical for clinical success.
Compositionally Graded KNN‐Based Multilayer Composite with Excellent Piezoelectric Temperature Stability
Authors: Zheng Ting , Yu Yungang , Lei Haobin , Li Fei , Zhang Shujun , Zhu Jianguo , Wu Jiagang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe inherent disadvantage of lead‐free potassium sodium niobate (KNN)‐based ceramics is the severe temperature instability of piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) caused by the polymorphic phase boundary. Herein, a new concept of structural gradient is proposed by designing compositionally graded multilayer composites with multiple successive phase transitions, to solve the challenge of the inferior temperature stability. The structural gradient ceramics exhibit a superior temperature reliability (d33 remains almost unchanged in the temperature range of 25–100 °C), far outperforming the previously reported KNN counterparts with d33 variation above 27% over the same temperature range. The synergistic contribution of the continuous phase transition, the strain gradient, and the complementary effect of each constituent layer leads to the excellent temperature stability, which is also confirmed by phase‐field simulation. These findings are expected to provide a new paradigm for functional material design with outstanding temperature stability.
An assessment of USDA corn condition ratings across the U.S. Corn Belt
Authors: Bundy Logan R. , Gensini Vittorio A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChanges in temperature, precipitation, and adverse weather across the U.S. Corn Belt associated with anthropogenic climate change may have an effect on corn (Zea mays L.) condition ratings in one of the leading corn production regions in the world. Using USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service data, this study aims to quantify the correlation of corn condition ratings with climate variables and yield, understand intergrowing season behavior of corn condition ratings, and quantify spatiotemporal trends of ratings across the U.S. Midwest (1986–2020). With an existing statistically significant (95% confidence level) correlation between corn condition ratings, Palmer drought indices, precipitation, temperature, and detrended corn yield, it is validated that qualitive rating data should be further examined. Using the Crop Condition Index (CCI), corn condition ratings supportive of positive yield prospects subtly decrease from June to September on average. The CCI values increased within June (ranging from 0.08 to 0.40 CCI yr–1),but subtly decreased within July and onward throughout the Midwest (ranging from –0.02 to –0.62 CCI yr–1 over the past 35 yr. From an interannual perspective, corn condition ratings supportive of extreme degrees of yield loss have significantly increased in 7 of the 12 Midwest states (ranging from 0.15 to 0.30% yr–1). Thus, increasing yields despite decreases in corn condition ratings suggests crop advancements such as hybrids and management have offset environment challenges with corn quality. These advancements need to be a continuing effort under a changing climate given rating trends, and corn condition ratings can provide essential risk assessment information for corn producers and other stakeholders.
10‐year frailty trajectory is associated with Alzheimer’s dementia after considering neuropathological burden
Authors: Wallace Lindsay M. K. , Theou Olga , Godin Judith , Ward David D. , Andrew Melissa K. , Bennett David A. , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMain ProblemFrailty is an established risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Few studies have examined the longitudinal relationship between frailty and cognition.MethodsParticipants of Rush Memory and Aging project (n = 625, 67.5% female, 83.2 ± 5.9 years at baseline) underwent annual clinical evaluations (average follow‐up 5.6 ± 3.7 years) followed by neuropathologic assessment after death. A frailty index was calculated from 41 health variables at each evaluation. Clinical diagnosis of MCI and/or dementia was ascertained by clinical data review (blinded to neuropathological data) after death. Age, sex, education, and neuropathological burden (10‐item index) were evaluated as covariates. Frailty trajectories were calculated using a mixed effects model.ResultsAt baseline the mean frailty index = 0.24 ± 0.12 and increased at rate of 0.026 or ~1 deficit per year. At death, 27.7% of the sample had MCI, and 38.6% had dementia. Frailty trajectories were significantly steeper among those individuals who were ultimately diagnosed as clinically impaired prior to death, even after controlling for age, sex, education, and neuropathological index.ConclusionsFindings suggest a strong link between health status (frailty index) and dementia, even after considering neuropathology. Frailty trajectories were associated with risk for MCI and dementia, underscoring the importance of addressing frailty to manage dementia risk.