bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variations associated with non‐contact muscle injuries in sport: A systematic review
Authors: Lim Tifanny , Santiago Catalina , Pareja‐Galeano Helios , Iturriaga Tamara , Sosa‐Pedreschi Alicia , Fuku Noriyuki , Pérez‐Ruiz Margarita , Yvert Thomas 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionNon‐contact muscle injuries (NCMI) account for a large proportion of sport injuries, affecting athletes’ performance and career, team results and financial aspects. Recently, genetic factors have been attributed a role in the susceptibility of an athlete to sustain NCMI. However, data in this field are only just starting to emerge.ObjectivesTo review available knowledge of genetic variations associated with sport‐related NCMI.MethodsThe databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published until February 2021. The records selected for review were original articles published in peer‐reviewed journals describing studies that have examined NCMI‐related genetic variations in adult subjects (17–60 years) practicing any sport. The data extracted from the studies identified were as follows: general information, and data on genetic polymorphisms and NCMI risk, incidence and recovery time and/or severity.ResultsSeventeen studies examining 47 genes and 59 polymorphisms were finally included. 29 polymorphisms affecting 25 genes were found significantly associated with NCMI risk, incidence, recovery time, and/or severity. These genes pertain to three functional categories: (i) muscle fiber structural/contractile properties, (ii) muscle repair and regeneration, or (iii) muscle fiber external matrix composition and maintenance.ConclusionOur review confirmed the important role of genetics in NCMI. Some gene variants have practical implications such as differences of several weeks in recovery time detected between genotypes. Knowledge in this field is still in its early stages. Future studies need to examine a wider diversity of sports and standardize their methods and outcome measures.
An analysis of outcomes for pediatric trauma warm fresh whole blood recipients in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Lauby Ryann S. , Cuenca Camaren M. , Borgman Matthew A. , Fisher Andrew D. , Bebarta Vikhyat S. , Moore Earnest E. , Spinella Philip C. , Bynum James , Schauer Steven G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhole blood therapy—which contains the ideal balance of components, and particularly fresh whole blood—has been shown to be beneficial in adult trauma. It remains unclear whether there is potential benefit in the pediatric population.Study Design and MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of previously published data analyzing pediatric casualties undergoing massive transfusion in the Department of Defense Trauma Registry. Pediatric patients with traumatic injury who were transfused at least one blood product were included in the analysis. We compared children who received component therapy exclusively to those who received any amount of warm fresh whole blood.ResultsOf the 3439 pediatric casualties within our dataset, 1244 were transfused at least one blood product within the first 24 h. There were 848 patients without severe head injury. Within this cohort, 23 children received warm fresh whole blood overall, 20 of whom did not have severe head injury. In an adjusted analysis, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for survival for warm fresh whole blood recipients was 2.86 (0.40–20.45). After removing children with severe brain injury, there was an independent association with improved survival for warm fresh whole blood recipients with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 58.63 (2.70–1272.67).DiscussionOur data suggest that warm fresh whole blood may be associated with improved survival in children without severe head injury. Larger prospective studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of whole blood in children with severe traumatic bleeding.
Comparison between a laser lancing device and lancet for capillary blood sampling, capillary blood hemoglobin measurement, and blood typing
Authors: Kim Jeeyong , Yoon Soo‐Young , Lim Chae Seung , Yoon Jung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlood donor screening includes tests using capillary blood, which is usually obtained by finger pricking using a lancet; however, the lancet has some shortcomings, such as skin puncture pain and needle stick injury. Recently, laser lancing devices for finger‐prick sampling have been developed. We compared capillary blood Hb (cHb) levels and blood typing results obtained using a laser lancing device with those obtained using a lancet.Study design and methodscHb levels, blood typing results, and skin puncture pain scores were assessed in 191 participants. Finger‐prick sampling was performed using LMT‐1000 (LaMeditech, Seoul, Korea) and a lancet on the same finger on different hands. Paired venous Hb (vHb) levels were assessed in 103 participants using an automated hematology analyzer and compared with the cHb levels obtained using both lancing devices.ResultsThe paired cHb results obtained with the laser lancing device and lancet showed a strong correlation (r = 0.927, p < .001) without any significant difference (p = .113) and a substantial agreement (κ = 0.654) for the identification of participants with a low Hb level (<12.5 g/dl). cHb levels were significantly higher than vHb levels with both lancing devices (mean differences: 0.27–0.43 g/dl). The results of blood typing using the laser lancing device showed 100% accuracy. Use of the laser lancing device showed significantly lower skin puncture pain scores (p < .001).ConclusionUse of a laser lancing device for capillary Hb measurement and blood typing showed accurate results, with significantly reduced skin puncture pain. Laser lancing devices could be feasible for donor screening tests.
Immediate intravenous iron administration improves anaemia recovery following total knee arthroplasty: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Park Hee‐Sun , Bin Seong‐Il , Kim Ha‐Jung , Kim Jinsun , Kim Hyungtae , Ro Youngjin , Koh Won Uk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatients who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have a risk of postoperative anaemia. This observational study evaluated whether single‐dose intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) administered immediately after TKA facilitates the correction of anaemia.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 722 patients who underwent primary TKA. The FCM group receiving 1000 mg intravenous FCM within one postoperative hour was compared with the non‐FCM group that did not receive the medication. A propensity score matching with multiple logistic regression analysis was used to minimize intergroup differences in the baseline characteristics and postoperative blood loss. The rate and severity of postoperative anaemia were compared between the groups, along with haemoglobin (Hb) value, transfusion rate and complications.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 231 patients were included in each group. In the FCM group, the rate of anaemia at postoperative day (POD) 7 (p = 0.021) and postoperative week (POW) 5 (p < 0.001) and the transfusion rate were significantly lower (p = 0.008). The rate of moderate to severe anaemia at POW‐5 was also significantly lower in the FCM group (p < 0.001). In patients without preoperative anaemia (n = 322), the transfusion rate and rate and severity of anaemia at POD‐7 and POW‐5 were significantly lower in the FCM group than in the non‐FCM group.ConclusionPostoperative intravenous FCM administration facilitated recovery of surgery‐related anaemia by improving Hb and may reduce the need for transfusion in TKA patients. Preoperative non‐anaemic patients could also benefit from accelerated recovery by intravenous iron treatment.
Molecular systematics, higher‐rank classification and Gondwanan origins of Cryptocephalinae leaf beetles
Authors: Gómez‐Zurita Jesús , Cardoso Anabela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith 5,300 species, the Cryptocephalinae is the fourth largest subfamily of the megadiverse Chrysomelidae beetles. This subfamily currently merges groups that were traditionally considered subfamilies of their own, including the fulcidacines, clytrines and cryptocephalines, and it is believed to be sister to the Lamprosomatinae, forming a natural group characterized by immature stages developing within the protection of a solid case of organic matter known as scatoshell. However, hypotheses on the higher‐level systematics of this diverse group and the recognition of its closest relatives have been numerous and none of them tested with phylogenetic approaches, save for an unpublished study based on morphology. In this work, we provide the first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for a large dataset of Cryptocephalinae (167 species, 66 genera) based on the analysis of five gene fragments, including up to 3,488 aligned nucleotide positions of the mitochondrial DNAcox1andrrnS, and the nuclearly encoded LSU, elongation factor 1‐alpha and polyadenylate binding protein 1. The phylogeny confirms the sister‐group relationship between Cryptocephalinae and Lamprosomatinae and identifies the Eumolpinae as the sister to this assemblage. Moreover, it partly refutes the current system for Cryptocephalinae giving support to five tribes in the subfamily: Fulcidacini and Clytrini, matching the current system, Pachybrachini separated from Cryptocephalini, and a new subantarctic tribe, Mylassinitrib. n., divergent from the other lineages. Among Clytrini, data support inclusion of Ischyopachina within New World Babiina, which together with New World Megalostomina would be sister to Old World Clytrina. In Cryptocephalini, after exclusion of pachybrachines, four subtribes are distinguished, of which only Stylosomina matches the current system. Otherwise, the current Monachulina are dismantled into three clades deserving subtribal status, one of which, former New World Monachulina genera, is unambiguously transferred to Cryptocephalina. A molecular clock calibrated using paleontological and biogeographic information places the origin of the subfamily in the Early Cretaceous and the split of the main evolutionary lineages temporally and geographically congruent with the fragmentation of major Gondwanan territories.
The Unified Theory of Tubesheet Design—Part III: Comparison With ASME Method and Case Study
Authors: Zhu Hong-Song , Zhai Jinguo , Zhou Guo-Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Based on the unified theory of tubesheet (TS) design for fixed TS heat exchangers (HEXs), floating head and U-tube HEXs presented in Part I and Part II, theoretical and numerical comparisons with ASME method are performed in this paper as Part III. Theoretical comparisons show that ASME method can be obtained from the special case of the simplified mechanical model of the unified theory. Numerical Comparison results indicate that predictions given by the unified theory agree well with finite element analysis (FEA), while ASME results are not accurate or not correct. Numerical comparisons also indicate that ASME results of TS stresses are not always conservative and may lead to unsafety design.
Data-Driven Sensitivity Analysis for Static Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Sharma Antriksh , Chen Jie , Diewald Evan , Imanian Anahita , Beuth Jack , Liu Yongming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has been extensively investigated in recent years to explore its application in a wide range of engineering functionalities, such as mechanical, acoustic, thermal, and electrical properties. A data-driven approach is proposed to investigate the influence of major fabrication parameters in the laser-based additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V. Two separate laser-based powder bed fusion techniques, i.e., selective laser melting (SLM) and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), have been investigated and several data regarding the tensile properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy with their corresponding fabrication parameters are collected from open literature. Statistical data analysis is performed for four fabrication parameters (scanning speed, laser power, hatch spacing, and powder layer thickness) and three postfabrication parameters (heating temperature, heating time, and hot isostatically pressed or not) which are major influencing factors and have been investigated by several researchers to identify their behavior on the static mechanical properties (i.e., yielding strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation). To identify the behavior of the relationship between the input and output parameters, both linear regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed using 53 and 100 datasets for SLM and DMLS processes, respectively. The linear regression model resulted in an average R squared value of 0.351 and 0.507 compared to 0.908 and 0.833 in the case of nonlinear ANN modeling for SLM and DMLS based modeling, respectively. Both local and global sensitivity analyses are carried out to identify the important factors for future optimal design. Based on the current study, local sensitivity analysis (SA) suggests that SLM is most sensitive to laser power, scanning speed, and heat treatment temperature while DMLS is most sensitive to heat treatment temperature, hatch spacing, and laser power. In the case of DMLS fabricated Ti–6Al–4V alloy, laser power, and scan speed are found to be the most impactful input parameters for tensile properties of the alloy while heating time turned out to be the least affecting parameter. The global sensitivity analysis results can be used to tailor the alloy's static properties as per the requirement while results from local sensitivity analysis could be useful to optimize the already tailored design properties. Sobol's global sensitivity analysis implicates laser power, heating temperature, and hatch spacing to be the most influential parameters for alloy strength while powder layer thickness followed by scanning speed to be the prominent parameters for elongation for SLM fabricated Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Future work would still be needed to eradicate some of the limitations of this study related to limited dataset availability.
Capturing the S-Shape of Pump-Turbines by Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations Using an Anisotropic Turbulence Model
Authors: Casartelli Ernesto , Del Rio Armando , Mangani Luca , Schmid Angelika 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pump-turbines cope very well with modern electricity-market demand, having high operational flexibility and storage capabilities. Nevertheless, dynamic operation of these machines can lead to very challenging transient conditions, depending on the shape of the characteristic. Mechanical integrity can be correspondingly affected. Therefore, assessment of the characteristic during the design phase is of crucial importance. In the past years, different attempts to accurately compute the characteristic under steady and transient conditions have been undertaken using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics. While the k–ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model has become the reference for machine design, it often fails for conditions close to or around instabilities. Under unstable conditions, which are characterized by continuous unsteady vortex formation, turbulence isotropy as assumed by linear two equation models is no longer the right choice. Accordingly, a turbulence model able to capture anisotropy, explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model (EARSM), has been implemented in an in-house code and used for the computation of the characteristic of various machines, stable and unstable, to assess the model performance. In this paper, computations of three different dynamic pump-turbine operating conditions are presented. Results using steady boundary conditions (BC) in the unstable region as well as transient BC like load-rejection and runaway are computed with EARSM, showing its superiority compared to linear two equation models. The model's capability to capture anisotropic effects—such as the influence of corners—produces more physical flow structures in the vaneless space, which lead to an overall improvement of the predicted stability characteristics.
Primary cam morphology; bump, burden or bog-standard? A concept analysis
Authors: Dijkstra H Paul , Ardern Clare L , Serner Andreas , Mosler Andrea Britt , Weir Adam , Roberts Nia Wyn , Mc Auliffe Sean , Oke Jason L , Khan Karim M , Clarke Mike , Glyn-Jones Siôn 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCam morphology, a distinct bony morphology of the hip, is prevalent in many athletes, and a risk factor for hip-related pain and osteoarthritis. Secondary cam morphology, due to existing or previous hip disease (eg, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease), is well-described. Cam morphology not clearly associated with a disease is a challenging concept for clinicians, scientists and patients. We propose this morphology, which likely develops during skeletal maturation as a physiological response to load, should be referred to asprimarycam morphology. The aim of this study was to introduce and clarify the concept ofprimarycam morphology.DesignWe conducted a concept analysis of primary cam morphology using articles that reported risk factors associated with primary cam morphology; we excluded articles on secondary cam morphology. The concept analysis method is a rigorous eight-step process designed to clarify complex ‘concepts’; the end product is a precise definition that supports the theoretical basis of the chosen concept.ResultsWe propose five defining attributes of primary cam morphology—tissue type, size, site, shape and ownership—in a new conceptual and operational definition. Primary cam morphology is a cartilage or bony prominence (bump) of varying size at the femoral head-neck junction, which changes the shape of the femoral head from spherical to aspherical. It often occurs in asymptomatic male athletes in both hips. The cartilage or bone alpha angle (calculated from radiographs, CT or MRI) is the most common method to measure cam morphology. We found inconsistent reporting of primary cam morphology taxonomy, terminology, and how the morphology is operationalised.ConclusionWe introduce and clarify primary cam morphology, and propose a new conceptual and operational definition. Several elements of the concept of primary cam morphology remain unclear and contested. Experts need to agree on the new taxonomy, terminology and definition that better reflect the primary cam morphology landscape—a bog-standard bump in most athletic hips, and a possible hip disease burden in a selected few.
What do users think of the UK’s three COVID-19 contact-tracing apps? A comparative analysis
Authors: Garousi Vahid , Cutting David 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesOur goal was to gain insights into the user reviews of the three COVID-19 contact-tracing mobile apps, developed for the different regions of the UK: ‘NHS COVID-19’ for England and Wales, ‘StopCOVID NI’ for Northern Ireland and ‘Protect Scotland’ for Scotland. Our two research questions are (1) what are the users’ experience and satisfaction levels with the three apps? and (2) what are the main issues (problems) that users have reported about the apps?MethodsWe assess the popularity of the apps and end users’ perceptions based on user reviews in app stores. We conduct three types of analysis (data mining, sentiment analysis and topic modelling) to derive insights from the combined set of 25 583 user reviews of the aforementioned three apps (submitted by users until the end of 2020).ResultsResults show that end users have been generally dissatisfied with the apps under study, except the Scottish app. Some of the major issues that users have reported are high battery drainage and doubts on whether apps are really working.DiscussionTowards the end of 2020, the much-awaited COVID-19 vaccines started to be available, but still, analysing the users’ feedback and technical issues of these apps, in retrospective, is valuable to learn the right lessons to be ready for similar circumstances in future.ConclusionOur results show that more work is needed by the stakeholders behind the apps (eg, apps’ software engineering teams, public-health experts and decision makers) to improve the software quality and, as a result, the public adoption of these apps. For example, they should be designed to be as simple as possible to operate (need for usability).
eHealth intervention to manage symptoms for patients with cancer on immunotherapy (SOFIA): a study protocol for a randomised controlled external pilot trial
Authors: Sauer Christina , Krauß Jürgen , Jäger Dirk , Zschäbitz Stefanie , Haag Georg Martin , Walle Thomas , Sauer Simeon , Kiermeier Senta , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Maatouk Imad 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionImmune checkpoint therapy (ICT) is associated with a distinct pattern of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by inadvertently redirecting immune responses to healthy tissues. IrAEs can occur at any time; however, in most cases, they arise during the first 14 weeks of the beginning of immune checkpoint blockade. In many cases, immunotherapy must be discontinued due to irAEs. Early detection of irAEs triggers the temporary withholding of ICT or initiation of short-term immunosuppressive treatment, is crucial in preventing further aggravation of irAEs and enables safe re-exposure to ICT. This prospective study aims to evaluate the feasibility of an eHealth intervention for patients under immunotherapy (managingsymptomsof immunotherapy, SOFIA). The SOFIA-App consists of two components: SOFIA-Monitoring, a tool to rate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including irAEs, and SOFIA-Coaching, which provides important information about cancer-specific and immunotherapy-specific topics and the counselling services of the National Centre for Tumour Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg.Methods and analysisWe outlined a patient-level two-arm randomised controlled pilot trial of the intervention (SOFIA) versus no-SOFIA for patients with cancer beginning an immunotherapy, aged ≥18 years, recruited from the NCT, Heidelberg. Feasibility outcomes include: recruitment rate; drop-out rate; reasons for refusal and drop-out; willingness to be randomised, utilisation rate of SOFIA-Monitoring and utilisation time of SOFIA-Coaching, physicians utilisation rate of the PROs; feasibility of the proposed outcome measures and optimal sample size estimation. The clinical outcomes are measures of quality of life, psychosocial symptoms, self-efficacy, physician-patient communication and medical process data, which are assessed at the beginning of the intervention, postintervention and at 6-month follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThis trial protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Heidelberg University, Germany (Reference, S-581/2018).Trial registration numberWe registered the study in the German Clinical Trial Register (Reference: DRKS00021064). Findings will be disseminated broadly via peer-reviewed empirical journals, articles and conference presentations.