bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-optimal composition of CZTS thin film via exploration of copper and thiourea molar concentration in spray pyrolysis technique
Authors: Jeganath K , Y Raviprakash 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Attaining the optimal composition of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film is a pre-requisite for photovoltaic application. Herein, the near-optimal composition of spray pyrolyzed CZTS thin film has been obtained by varying copper and thiourea molar concentrations in the precursor solution. Different characterization techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been employed to determine the changes in absorber layer properties. The CZTS thin films synthesized using Cu-0.016 M exhibits higher crystallinity with the direct band gap of 1.52 eV. Apart from that, the reduction of copper molar concentration in precursor solution minimizes the segregation of surface secondary phase. The variation of thiourea molar concentration facilities the growth of CZTS and reduces the formation of secondary phases. Besides that, the optical studies revealed that the increment in thiourea molar concentration leads to a broadening of band gap from 1.52 eV to 1.61 eV. The CZTS thin films synthesized using copper and thiourea molar concentrations of 0.016 M and 0.12 M showed appropriate absorber layer properties with near-optimal Cu-poor and Zn-rich ratio i.e., Cu/(Zn+Sn) = 0.81 and Zn/Sn = 1.26.
Phylogeography of Iris loczyi (Iridaceae) in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau revealed by chloroplast DNA and microsatellite markers
Authors: Zhang Guoli , Han Yan , Wang Huan , Wang Ziyang , Xiao Hongxing , Sun Mingzhou 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Quaternary climate oscillations and complex topography have tremendous effects on current distribution and genetic structure of species, and hence the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), the largest plateau in the world, has become a hotspot for many phylogeographic studies. However, little is known about the phylogeographic pattern of herbaceous plants in QTP. Here, we investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and historical dynamics of Iris loczyi, using five chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments and seven microsatellite markers. A total of 15 populations, and 149 individuals were sampled throughout the QTP. High genetic diversity was detected both in cpDNA (Hd = 0.820) and SSR (Ho = 0.689, He = 0.699). Ten cpDNA haplotypes and 163 alleles were identified. AMOVA and clustering analyses revealed obvious differentiation between regions. The Nst, Gst and Mantel test showed significant phylogeographic structure of I. loczyi. The neutrality test and mismatch distribution analyses indicated that I. loczyi could not have undergone a historical population expansion, but population XS from the Qilian Mountain area could have experienced a local expansion. Bottleneck analyses indicated that I. loczyi had not experienced bottleneck recently. Based on cpDNA and SSR results, the Qilian Mountain area was inferred as a potential glacial refuge, and the southern Tibet valley was considered as a ‘microrefugia’ for I. loczyi. These findings provided new insights into the location of glacial refuges for the species distributed in QTP, and supplemented more plant species data for the response of QTP species to the Quaternary climate.
Social Workers as Local Politicians in Israel
Authors: Binder Noa , Weiss-Gal Idit 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Knowledge about social workers (SWs) who run for political office is rare. This study sought to examine the conditions and factors that led SWs in Israel to enter the formal world of politics and to run for elected office at the local level. Twenty SWs who ran for, or held, local political offices were interviewed employing semi-structured interviews. The analysis was based on content analysis and yielded that most ran for councillor positions while three ran for mayor. Eleven SWs were elected at least once. They all possessed personal resources, such as political, communication and leadership competencies. They also displayed psychological involvement in politics, which developed through early political socialisation, social work education and experience in community activities. This was coupled with a sense that political office is an important vehicle to create change in the community to which they felt obligated and committed. Their desire to affect change became a realistic option following direct recruitment by political or community figures who knew them from their prior community activities. Support from their families and social networks enabled them to overcome dilemmas concerning their capacity to run for office.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccines in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity
Authors: Sherman Amy C , Desjardins Michaël , Cheng Chi An , Bausk Bruce , Izaguirre Natalie , Zhou Guohai , Krauss Jonathan , Tolan Nicole , Walt David R , Soiffer Robert , Ho Vincent T , Issa Nicolas C , Baden Lindsey R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger RNA vaccine–induced humoral response and reactogenicity profile are described in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Findings showed that 75.0% (by Simoa assay) or 80.0% (by Roche assay) of the HSCT cohort had a positive antibody response on series completion, compared with 100% in the healthy cohort.
The Removal of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Other Microbial Bioaerosols by Air Filtration on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surge Units
Authors: Conway Morris Andrew , Sharrocks Katherine , Bousfield Rachel , Kermack Leanne , Maes Mailis , Higginson Ellen , Forrest Sally , Pereira-Dias Joana , Cormie Claire , Old Tim , Brooks Sophie , Hamed Islam , Koenig Alicia , Turner Andrew , White Paul , Floto R Andres , Dougan Gordon , Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni , Gouliouris Theodore , Baker Stephen , Navapurkar Vilas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in a coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) ward before activation of HEPA-air filtration but not during filter operation; SARS-CoV-2 was again detected following filter deactivation. Airborne SARS-CoV-2 was infrequently detected in a COVID-19 intensive care unit. Bioaerosol was also effectively filtered.
Loss of myeloid Bmal1 exacerbates hypertensive vascular remodelling through interaction with STAT6 in mice
Authors: Huo Mingyu , Cao Xiaoyun , Zhang Hongsong , Lau Chi Wai , Hong Huiling , Chen Francis M , Huang Yu , Chawla Ajay , Tian Xiao Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
In addition to its involvement of inflammatory responses, limited information is available on the phenotype and behaviour of vascular macrophages during hypertensive vascular remodelling. Here, we aim at studying the contribution of BMAL1 to the pro-fibrotic macrophage phenotype in the vasculature during hypertension, which leads to enhanced vascular remodelling and promoted blood pressure increase.

Methods and results
Wild type Bmal1f/f and myeloid cell selective Bmal1 knockout Bmal1f/f; LysMCre/+ mice were infused with AngII for 4 weeks to induce hypertension. AngII-induced blood pressure increase, vascular media thickness and vascular dysfunction were enhanced in Bmal1f/f; LysMCre/+ mice, accompanied with a pro-fibrotic M2 phenotype of the vascular macrophages. Bmal1f/f; LysMCre/+ mice also have more up-regulations of MMP9 and MMP13 expression in the vascular wall, accompanied by enhanced collagen deposition after AngII infusion. Loss of Bmal1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages enhanced STAT6 activation induced by IL4, and the subsequent MMP13 up-regulation and activity. In macrophages, loss of Bmal1 enhanced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT6 triggered by IL4, through possibly a direct interaction between BMAL1 and STAT6. To further determine whether IL4-induced signalling in macrophage contributes to enhanced vascular remodelling in hypertensive mice, we showed that deletion of myeloid IL4Rα in Il4raf/f; LysMCre/+ mice attenuated blood pressure increase and hypertensive vascular remodelling after AngII infusion.

Conclusions
Our results suggested a tonic effect of BMAL1 deletion on hypertensive vascular remodelling. BMAL1 might inhibit IL4-STAT6 signalling in macrophages through the interaction with STAT6 to reduce STAT6 activation and target gene transcription, especially MMP9 and MMP13, contributing to vascular remodelling.
Intron distribution and emerging role of alternative splicing in fungi
Authors: Muzafar Suraya , Sharma Ravi Datta , Chauhan Neeraj , Prasad Rajendra 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Spliceosomal introns are noncoding sequences that are spliced from pre-mRNA. They are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes, although the average number of introns per gene varies considerably between different eukaryotic species. Fungi are diverse in terms of intron numbers ranging from 4% to 99% genes with introns. Alternative splicing is one of the most common modes of posttranscriptional regulation in eukaryotes, giving rise to multiple transcripts from a single pre-mRNA and is widespread in metazoans and drives extensive proteome diversity. Earlier, alternative splicing was considered to be rare in fungi, but recently, increasing numbers of studies have revealed that alternative splicing is also widespread in fungi and has been implicated in the regulation of fungal growth and development, protein localization and the improvement of survivability, likely underlying their unique capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions. However, the role of alternative splicing in pathogenicity and development of drug resistance is only recently gaining attention. In this review, we describe the intronic landscape in fungi. We also present in detail the newly discovered functions of alternative splicing in various cellular processes and outline areas particularly in pathogenesis and clinical drug resistance for future studies that could lead to the development of much needed new therapeutics.
3-D seismic velocity structure of the Kumaun–Garhwal (Central) Himalaya: insight into the Main Himalayan Thrust and earthquake occurrence
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Mahesh P , Kanna Nagaraju , Sivaram K , Paul Ajay 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYObjective assessment of seismic hazard and understanding of the Himalayan arc's tectonics requires detailed information on the crustal structure and geometry of the underthrusting Indian Plate beneath the Himalaya. Here, we present high-resolution 3-D P-wave velocity (Vp) and P-to-S-wave velocity ratio (Vp/Vs) images of the Kumaun–Garhwal Himalaya, a proposed potential region for the future great earthquake. We generate these images by inverting arrival times of 515 local earthquakes recorded by 41 broad-band stations during November 2006–June 2008. The tomographic images show a heterogeneous structure in the upper-mid crust. These images, along with available geophysical and geological information, indicate the presence of quartz-rich felsic rocks in the uppermost crust and the occurrence of saline-rich aqueous fluid/partial melt in the upper-mid crust. We propose that the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), having a flat-ramp-flat geometry, lies at the base of these fluid zones. The small- and moderate-to-strong-magnitude earthquakes are mainly confined to the fluid-rich zones along the MHT and quartz-rich rocks in the upper crust. Such an interpretation implies that the earthquake occurrence in the Kumaun–Garhwal Himalaya is largely controlled by the geometry of the MHT and crustal lithology.
P-wave scattering by randomly distributed aligned cracks in fractal media
Authors: Ma Rupeng , Ba Jing , Carcione José M , Lebedev Maxim 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYSeismic wave scattering dispersion and attenuation can be significant in cracked reservoirs. Many scattering models have been proposed, and the fractal (self-similar) features of the medium need to be further incorporated and analysed. We solve the P-wave scattering caused by fluid-saturated aligned cracks of finite thickness embedded in fractal media. The model is based on crack displacement discontinuities by using the Foldy approximation and representation theorem. The frequency dependence of velocity and attenuation are analysed as a function of the incidence angle and the crack and fluid properties. The results show that the crack density, thickness and radius can have a significant influence on the wave properties, as well as the fluid bulk modulus and saturation. The model requires three parameters to describe self-similar cracked media, and can be relevant in seismology, oil exploration and non-destructive testing of materials.
Notes on a compressible extended Burgers model of rheology
Authors: Ivins Erik R , Caron Lambert , Adhikari Surendra , Larour Eric 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
Constitutive theory for viscoelasticity has broad application to solid mantle or ice deformations driven by tides, surface mass variations, and post-seismic flow. Geophysical models using higher order viscoelasticity can better accommodate geodetic observations than lower-order theory, typically provided by tensor versions of Maxwell, 4-parameter Burgers or standard linear (Zener) rheology. We derive, for the first time, a mathematical description of a compressible version of the extended Burgers material (EBM) model paradigm which has a distribution function of relaxation spectra. The latter model is often used for parametrizing high temperature background transient responses in the rock physics and mechanics laboratory setting and have demonstrated application to low frequency seismic wave attenuation. A new generalization of this practical anelastic model is presented and applied to the glacial isostatic adjustment momentum equations, thus providing useful guidance for generating initial-value boundary problem-solving software for quite general coding strategies. The solutions for the vertical motion response to a suddenly imposed surface load reveal a short-term transience of substantial amplitude.
Assessing the impact of clinical coordination interventions on the continuity of care for patients with chronic conditions: participatory action research in five Latin American countries
Authors: Espinel-Flores Verónica , Vargas Ingrid , Eguiguren Pamela , Mogollón-Pérez Amparo-Susana , Ferreira de Medeiros Mendes Marina , López-Vázquez Julieta , Bertolotto Fernando , Vázquez María Luisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Although fragmentation in the provision of services is considered an obstacle to effective health care, there is scant evidence on the impact of interventions to improve care coordination between primary care and secondary care in terms of continuity of care—i.e. from the patient perspective—particularly in Latin America (LA). Within the framework of the Equity-LA II project, interventions to improve coordination across care levels were implemented in five Latin American countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay) through a participatory action research (PAR) process. This paper analyses the impact of these PAR interventions on the cross-level continuity of care of chronic patients in public healthcare networks. A quasi-experimental study was performed with measurements based on two surveys of a sample of patients with chronic conditions (392 per network; 800 per country). Both the baseline (2015) and evaluation (2017) surveys were conducted using the CCAENA questionnaire. In each country, two comparable public healthcare networks were selected, one intervention and one control. Outcomes were cross-level continuity of information and clinical management continuity. Descriptive analyses were conducted, and Poisson regression models with robust variance were fitted to estimate changes. With differences between countries, the results showed improvements in cross-level continuity of clinical information (transfer of clinical information) and clinical management continuity (care coherence). These results are consistent with those of previous studies on the effectiveness of the interventions implemented in each country in improving care coordination in Brazil, Chile and Colombia. Differences between countries are probably related to particular contextual factors and events that occurred during the implementation process. This supports the notion that certain context and process factors are needed to improve continuity of care. The results provide evidence that, although the interventions were designed to enhance care coordination and aimed at health professionals, patients report improvements in continuity of care.
Life skill education at the time of COVID-19: perceptions and strategies of Italian expert school educators
Authors: Velasco V , Cominelli S , Scattola P , Celata C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a huge effect on adolescents’ health and learning. Health promotion strategies should be valued, and life skill education is a potential approach in this direction. This study aimed to investigate the implementation of an evidence-based life skill education programme during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Lombardy Region (Italy) by collecting opinions about the programme’s usefulness and feasibility and identifying the strategies for implementing it through distance teaching. The study involved 63 middle school expert teachers, principals or coordinators in life skill education. An online questionnaire with closed- and open-ended questions was used. A qualitative content analysis was carried out using N-Vivo Answers software. The participants recognized the high value of life skill education at the time of COVID-19, but they showed reticence regarding its feasibility. Positive effects of the programme on both health and learning outcomes were reported. The obstacles were related to interpersonal aspects, student involvement, methods, organization and planning. Many strategies were suggested related to the teaching method, the curriculum organization and the adaptation needs. These strategies can be used to implement active and cooperative learning at a distance to reinforce students’ life skills to cope with the crisis and promote their health.
Infective aortitis after self-expanding transcatheter valve implantation: a case report of a new reality for cardiac surgeons
Authors: Máximo José , Pissarra Diana , Marinho Benjamim , Pinho Paulo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 62-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital care due to an ischaemic stroke and fever of unknown origin, 6 months after a transfemoral aortic valve implantation for symptomatic aortic stenosis. Further study resulted in the diagnosis of infective aortitis, and clinical course deemed prosthesis explantation necessary. In this case report, we describe the technique used to explant the partially endothelized aortic valve and review the alternatives found in literature for safe prosthesis removal.
Longitudinal Immune Profiling of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection in a Solid Organ Transplant Recipient
Authors: Klein Jonathan , Brito Anderson F , Trubin Paul , Lu Peiwen , Wong Patrick , Alpert Tara , Peña-Hernández Mario A , Haynes Winston , Kamath Kathy , Liu Feimei , Vogels Chantal B F , Fauver Joseph R , Lucas Carolina , Oh Jieun , Mao Tianyang , Silva Julio , Wyllie Anne L , Muenker M Catherine , Casanovas-Massana Arnau , Moore Adam J , Petrone Mary E , Kalinich Chaney C , Dela Cruz Charles , Farhadian Shelli , Ring Aaron , Shon John , Ko Albert I , Grubaugh Nathan D , Israelow Benjamin , Iwasaki Akiko , Azar Marwan M ,   for the Yale Implementing Medical and Public Health Action Against Coronavirus in Connecticut (IMPACT) Research Team
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying immunologic deficiencies enabling severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection are currently unknown. We describe deep longitudinal immune profiling of a transplant recipient hospitalized twice for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsA 66-year-old male renal transplant recipient was hospitalized with COVID-19 March 2020 then readmitted to the hospital with COVID-19 233 days after initial diagnosis. Virologic and immunologic investigations were performed on samples from the primary and secondary infections.ResultsWhole viral genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that viruses causing both infections were caused by distinct genetic lineages without evidence of immune escape mutations. Longitudinal comparison of cellular and humoral responses during primary SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed that this patient responded to the primary infection with low neutralization titer anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that were likely present at the time of reinfection.ConclusionsThe development of neutralizing antibodies and humoral memory responses in this patient failed to confer protection against reinfection, suggesting that they were below a neutralizing titer threshold or that additional factors may be required for efficient prevention of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Development of poorly neutralizing antibodies may have been due to profound and relatively specific reduction in naive CD4 T-cell pools. Seropositivity alone may not be a perfect correlate of protection in immunocompromised patients.
In vitro analysis of the replicative capacity and phenotypic susceptibility to integrase inhibitors of HIV-2 mutants with integrase insertions
Authors: Le Hingrat Quentin , Collin Gilles , Damond Florence , Peytavin Gilles , Lebourgeois Samuel , Ghosn Jade , Bachelard Antoine , Ferré Valentine Marie , Matheron Sophie , Descamps Diane , Charpentier Charlotte 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
HIV-2 resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is characterized by two main pathways: (i) mutations at codons 143, 148 and155; and (ii) amino acid insertion after integrase codon 231 (231ins).

Objectives
To complete INSTI resistance data on HIV-2 by determining the viral replicative capacity and INSTI phenotypic susceptibility of integrase mutants obtained through site-directed mutagenesis.

Methods
Site-directed mutants (SDMs) were constructed and viral stocks produced. Viral replicative capacity was assessed by measuring HIV-2 viral load at days 3, 7 and 14. In vitro phenotypic susceptibility was measured using the ANRS PBMC assay.

Results
Viruses bearing 231ins did not present impaired replicative capacity, except the 231ins GIRGK mutant. A 231ins GK SDM was resistant to raltegravir and cabotegravir, but remained susceptible to dolutegravir and bictegravir. SDMs harbouring a 5 amino acid insertion (GYKGK or SREGK) were both resistant to all INSTIs. The SDM with T97A+N155H, with or without E92Q, was resistant to all INSTIs, except bictegravir.

Conclusions
These first data on the newly described resistance pathway 231ins, using site-directed mutagenesis, showed no measurable impact on viral fitness and confirmed the decreased susceptibility to a first-generation INSTI (raltegravir) and cabotegravir. Resistance to second-generation INSTIs (dolutegravir and bictegravir) occurred for mutants with a 5 amino acid 231ins.