bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of background indoor air pollutants and thermal comfort in faculty of earth science building
Authors: Awang N R , Radzi N A N M , Yong T S , Abas M A , Zainordin N S , Ramli N A , Ibrahim N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The focus of this study was to determine the most significant factors that influencing indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort of a mechanically ventilated lecturer office room in FSB new building. This study measured the concentrations of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total volatile organic compound (TVOC), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), temperature and relative humidity using seven set up conditions. The set-up condition for study room is based on temperatures that have been selected between 22°C to 26°C and window of the room being either close or open. The IAQ were analyzed by descriptive analysis to indicate the parameters variations. Furthermore, thermal comfort for the room of FSB new building has been determine by the CBE thermal comfort tool based on ASHRAE 55 standards. Result suggested that the IAQ of the studied room in FSB new building showed maximum reading during the window was opened condition. The setup of selected temperature air conditioner was minimizing the concentrations of IAQ because IAQ were increase during high temperature. Among of the selected IAQ parameters, particulate matter was the most significant indoor air pollutants in the studied room with the highest average concentration was 20.944 μg/m3. The increment of particulate matter concentrations was due to the suspended dust in the room and additional movements of the occupants inside the room exaggerate the condition. Besides, results of this study suggested that a good IAQ inside an air conditioning room was achieved when the temperature is set at 26°C.
Landslide susceptibility assessment using geographic information system in Aring, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Udin W S , Yahaya N N , Shariffuddin S I M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aring lies in Gua Musang District, Kelantan which is prone to geological risks like rock falls and slides. In some regions, it is also prone to landslides, which can result in fatalities and property damage such as houses and vehicles. The goal of this research is to assess landslide causative factors and create a landslide susceptibility map. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to determine the causative factors: aspect, slope, elevation, and drainage density while the lithology was based on a geological map, and the lineament was calculated using satellite data. Weighted Overlay Method (WOM) analysis was used to combine these weighted causative factor maps into a Geographic Information System (GIS) The landslipe susceptibility map was divided into three categories. Low hazard is class 1, medium hazard is class 2, and high hazard is class 3. As a conclusion, the capacity to estimate landslide susceptibility leads to a greater understanding of landslide mechanisms, allowing for better prevention of the most likely failure locations within a landslide-prone area in the future.
Identifying the potential use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technique in mining area for geohazards and safety control
Authors: Alias M F , Udin W S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, flexible Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology has many benefits especially in geoscience work include; rock types identification, safety developments, data acquisition and land profiling. This study focuses on the potential geohazard threats that may occur in mining areas. Various methods, techniques and approaches in terms of inputs and outputs from previous studies have been analyzed to identify the probabilities of the geohazard problems encountered. It is conducted by performing aerial mapping with flight mode that has been set according to the specifications of the method used, mapping scale and data accuracy. This analysis discusses the effective solutions in identifying the actual accuracy to provide an assessment of the geohazard level at the mining area and then establish safety controls either biological or engineering control. The accuracy of the data and maps are very important to maintain the reliability of the data collected. As a result, the findings from the review can be compared; based on the capability of the UAV methods that have been adopted in producing geohazard output quantity and quality of findings. The output data is then analyzed to give an accurate assessment in determining the level of security to be considered at the mining area. In conclusion, these data can be used as an assessment to determine security control in mining areas based on the shape of the terrain, the capabilities of the UAV techniques used, accessibility, the type of mining applied and others. It is shown that this research can be presented to the authorities in improving the quality of safety in mining centres to ensure the safety of the parties involved.
Torrefaction of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibres adopted in modified microwave
Authors: Ahmad M I , Rasat M S M , Amin M F M , Elham P , Abas M A , Lateh H , Amin M A M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thermochemical pre-treatment process was implemented within the torrefecation temperature to improve the empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers material, further exploiting for low rank solid energy material purposes. Modified microwave was introduced as a heat source chamber using the irradiation wavelength, with the mild exposure of atmospheric air in the system. The study involved such parameter of (i.e. heating rate and temperature) in which has influenced the process yield. Therefore, a regulated power input within 100 to 700 W was capped to access the effect toward samples and alumina crucible prepared. Based on this study, the 385 W of power selection was made with bound consideration of formation thermal shock at a constant nitrogen supply as inert gas during the heating process. The yield of compound constituents from this treatment also been discussed.
Updates on Avifauna Community in Tasik Meranti, Wang Kelian, Taman Negeri Perlis
Authors: Zam Beri A Z , Shahfiz M A , Ahmad Ruzman N H , Fauzi N F M , Ahmadni A A Ag , Mohamad F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The information and status of the avifauna community that resides in Tasik Meranti, Wang Kelian, Taman Negeri Perlis are mostly outdated since the last survey conducted was 20 years ago. Therefore, the study aims to update the status and establish a checklist to compare the bird species present within the vicinity of Tasik Meranti, Wang Kelian, Taman Negeri Perlis. The survey was conducted during a short expedition held on 15-18 August 2019. Based on the field observation, a total of 20 species of birds from 14 families were recorded. The recent survey recorded an additional 18 bird species from 8 families, totalling the current inventory of 45 bird species from 24 families. Species from the family Pycnonotidae dominated the site with six species, namely Pycnonotus finlaysoni, Pycnonotus brunneus, Pycnonotus plumosus, Pycnonotus goiavier, Iole charlottae and Pycnonotus simplex. The high number of species present from the family Pycnonotidae may be due to the availability of food resources. Out of 45 species of birds in the current checklist, three species are listed as near threatened and one species as vulnerable based on the IUCN Red List. Therefore, the result documents the importance of the site for the avifauna community. Therefore, further studies are needed to understand the avifauna population dynamics in Taman Negeri Perlis.
Diversity of freshwater fish in Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM): A comparison of diversity between man-made and natural forest in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Azahar M A , Munian K , Shahfiz M A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This present study aimed to investigate the diversity of freshwater fish in a planted forest within three tributaries, namely Sungai Kroh, Sungai Chemubong, and Sungai Cahaya, in the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) campus. In this study, freshwater fish were sampled using a backpack electro-fisher and scoop nets along 100m transect lines for each sampling site (at upper, middle, and lower part) of the respective river. All individuals collected were examined and measured to identify at their species level. However, we found no fish presence in Sg. Cahaya across all sub-section of the tributary. Hence, the result of fish was based on two tributaries of Sg. Kroh and Sg. Chemubong. A total of 235 individual freshwater fish recorded in FRIM belong to 10 species comprising six families. The highest recorded family belongs to Cyprinidae (30%), followed by Channidae and Danionidae families with 20% respectively, whereas the other three family only represent 10% respectively. Shannon-Wiener indices showed that the highest diversity was recorded for Sg. Chemubong, H = 1.283, while the lowest was recorded for Sg. Kroh, H = 1.097. The highest Evenness index of fish species was detected for Sg. Chemubong, E = 0.5098 and the lowest for Sg. Kroh, E = 0.2994. We carried out a similarity analysis by comparing freshwater fish from adjacent natural forest reserves, namely Sungai Kanching Forest Reserve. Based on the presence-absence data, the species composition of the freshwater fish between the man-made forest (FRIM campus) and natural forest (Sungai Kanching Forest Reserve) was almost 82% similar based on the Sørensen similarity index. The discussion was made based on the available findings in this study to illustrate the freshwater ecosystem stability in a man-made tropical forest, for instance, in FRIM Campus.
Notes on mammals and avifauna at FRIM Campus, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Shahfiz M A , Munian M , Nor Hazwani A R , Faradiana M F N , Syaridzwan M B , Anis Zafirah Z B , Aina Amira M N , Manoshini A , Asyraff M A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) was established in 1985, and later in 2009, FRIM was awarded as Natural Heritage of Malaysia. Researchers of FRIM Zoology Branch conducted continuous monitoring of faunal diversity, especially on mammal and bird groups. The study’s objective is to illustrate the diversity of mammals and birds found within the FRIM Campus. There are 62 species of mammals from 18 families with highest species recorded (10spp) was from family Vespertilionidae, followed by family Sciuridae and Hipposideridae with nine and seven species, respectively. A total of 233 species of birds from 58 families were recorded up to date of which 173 are resident, and 28 are migratory. Pycnonotidae or Bulbuls are the family with highest number of species (18spp), followed by family Cuculidae (14spp) and Rallidae (13spp). Although FRIM used to be an agricultural and mining area, it is believed that the faunal composition is "returning" to this forest since it was reforested back in the early 1900s. Connected to Bukit Lagong Forest Reserve, this 544.3-ha campus is blessed as it provides a natural habitat and ensures the continuity of vast faunal diversity.
Optimization of Malachite green removal using activated carbon derived from coconut shell
Authors: Zakaria W A N , Mohd Ghazi R , Muhammad M , Jani M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The textile industry is a sub-industry that contributes to our country’s economy, and as a result, it is expanding on a daily basis. The processes that are involved in the textile industry are fibre production, spinning, twisting, weaving, knitting, scorching and dyeing, which involve colours or dyes. The combination of processes and products causes waste from the textile industry to contain a wide range of pollutants.The presence of even trace amounts of dye in water (less than 1 ppm) is highly visible and will affect water transparency and gas (carbon dioxide, oxygen) solubility in water bodies where waste is discharged. Dyes are usually resistant to conventional biodegradation. Therefore, adsorption is an effective alternative for dye removal treatment. Therefore, a study has been conducted to find a low-cost raw material for an alternative method of treating textile wastewater. In this study, the capability of activated carbon derived from coconut shells to remove malachite green dye was investigated. Three parameters were studied, such as activated carbon with different chemical impregnation and carbonization time, contact time and initial concentrations of dye. From the results acquired, 99.9% of malachite green dye was removed by the activated carbon impregnated with phosphoric acid solution of 5 minutes carbonization time. The optimum contact time and initial concentration of dye were 1 hour and 10 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, this result can contribute to some knowledge of using low-cost raw material impregnation with some chemicals to remediate textile wastewater.
Characteristics study of ammonia-n and phosphorus in sewage wastewater effluent: a case study of Alkhumrah, Jeddah Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Saleh A A S , Ibrahim N , Awang N R , Akbar N A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ammonia-N (NH3-N) and Phosphorus (P) pollutions remain highly challenging pollutants to the Saudi environment. The sewerage treatment plant can be one of the main contributors to NH3-N and P pollutants. The main aim of this study is to investigate the concentration of NH3-N and P released from the Al Khumrah wastewater treatment plant in Jeddah. The treatment process used in this treatment plant consists of screening, aerated grit removal chambers, surface aeration, sedimentation and sludge thickening and de-watering via belt filter presses. For this study, primary data of N and P is obtained from the Ministry of Environment & Agriculture, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data is collected from the wastewater treatment plant of Al Khumrah, Jeddah. A total of 101 data is collected for NH3-N and P within a period of 6 months from September 2019 to February 2020. Descriptive statistic was used to analyse the data. It was found that the highest mean concentration of NH3-N and P in the effluent are 4.2 mg/L and 1.7 mg/L respectively. The concentration of NH3-N and PO4
3- in the influent exceeded the maximum limit of 1.0 mg/L stated in General Environmental Regulations and Rules for Implementation (2001) provided by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Presidency of Meteorology and Environment. A low effluent concentration is set up by the authorities to meet the requirement of water reuse and recycling. The result has shown that the removal efficiency of NH3-N during the treatment is 55%. However, the removal efficiency of PO4
3- is very inconsistent with the percentage removal varied from 0%-61.5 %. This finding demonstrated that the treatment plant will continuously not be able to comply with the standard discharge limit especially if a higher concentration of NH3-N and PO4
3- entering the treatment plant. In this case, the changes of the current treatment process or addition of tertiary treatment would be needed to ensure the discharge wastewater met the reuse and recycling requirement.
Geology and distribution of heavy metals in topsoil, Kuala Krai, Kelantan
Authors: Krishnan R , Shafiee N S , Bahar A M A , Sulaiman N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study for geology of Guchil, Kuala Krai, Kelantan was carried out approximately 25 km2 in and around Guchil. Preliminary research and field studies conducted to produce geological map of Guchil, Kuala krai, Kelantan. Based on the field study carried, carbonaceous mudstone interbedded with greywacke sandstone, shale and ignimbrite distribution of rock found in this study. Meanwhile, investigation on distribution and potential heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in topsoil Guchil, Kuala Krai, Kelantan was conducted. Total of nine soil sample in and around Guchil undergo soil digestion and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The heavy metals concentration in the topsoil was varied between 21176-138962; 649-8411; 11-505; 43-455; and 11-115 mg/kg for Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cu respectively. The average concentration of heavy metals in this study followed the order of Fe > Pb > Mn > Zn > Cu. The spatial distribution pattern shows similar distribution pattern of heavy metals in residential area. The concentration of Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn from the soil samples compared with naturally occurring value of contaminated land management and control guidelines of Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE), 2009 and Barceloux (1999) as well as with permissible limit values in soil of Polish Ministry of the Environment, 2002. From this assessment method, highly potential element was Pb followed by Zn and Cu. Besides that soil characteristic of this study shows that soil pH which is acidic condition with low total organic matter. The soil fractions tend to dominated by clay fraction in topsoil.
Distribution of light (LHREE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) in Kelantan granitoids rock
Authors: Patah M F A , Shafiee N S , Ismail R , Bahar A M A , Khan M M A , Eh Rak A , Awang M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Peninsular Malaysia is being distributed into three parallel belts (Western, Central and Eastern). Kelantan is one of the states in Peninsular Malaysia and consider as a unique territory to have all three belts (Western, Central and Eastern). Each belts divided into several formations which are Western Belt (Main Range Granite), Central Belt (Jeli Granite, Kemahang Granite, Noring Granite, Kenerong Leucogranite, Berangkat Tonalite and Senting Granite) and Eastern Belt (Boundary Range Granite). Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are usually concentrated related to the alkaline – peralkaline, carbonalite igneous rocks, as well as sedimentary rocks. Granitoid and some intrusive volcanic rocks are widely exposed in Malaysia, as well as Kelantan state. REEs are relatively abundant in the Earth crust, however these elements are rarely concentrated in the mineable ore deposit. There are a lot of research about granitoids, but very limited studies about the distribution of the REE. The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution of REEs in different type of granitoid rocks in Kelantan. For this purpose, 15 samples were selected and analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Result shows that, distribution of light REEs in all samples up to 78% and heavy REE up to 22% with total value 5350.69 ppm and 1491.27 ppm respectively. Surprisingly, Jeli Granite formation (LT15) is high potential of REE among the samples tested with total REE 3164.93 ppm and Kemahang Granite (JD18) is least potential with total REE 31.95 ppm. The granitoid distribution can be found widely in Kelantan with special characteristic and detailed study about mineral composition will help identifying the REE potential as well as generate more relatable study about genesis and nature of rocks in Malaysia.
Comparative study of variation of ground level ozone concentrations and total column ozone concentrations over Klang Valley
Authors: Azmi N A , Awang N R , Ya’Acob S H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ozone is a gas that plays important role in balancing the Earth’s atmosphere thermal and chemical. Ozone is capable of absorbing the harmful sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The stratospheric ozone has protecting humans and the ecosystems on Earth from solar radiation. However, ground level ozone (GLO) has been related to secondary pollutants and greenhouse gases that give adverse impacts on human health and crop yield. Hence, determining ozone concentration measurement is important for air quality status for the environmental and public health warnings. Variations of ground level ozone (GLO) and total column ozone (TCO) concentrations over Klang Valley, Malaysia in 2014 and 2015 were determined in this study. The GLO measurement data was acquired from Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia and is measured using standard method instrument, UV Absorption Ozone Analyzer Model 400A while, TCO measurement using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The analysis suggests that GLO concentrations in all four stations in Klang Valley exceeded the Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard (NMAAQS) 2020 prescribed limit of 90 ppb per hour. In both 2014 and 2015, TCO concentration observed higher from May to August with the highest concentration of 290 DU and lowest from November to February with the lowest concentration of 230 DU, suggesting that there is seasonal fluctuation caused by Northeast Monsoon (NEM) and Southwest Monsoon (SWM). This is due to environmental factors during SWM that favour a rise in TCO concentration, such as low precipitation, low relative humidity, high temperature, and prolonged sunshine hours. On the other hand, NEM results in lower TCO concentration due to high precipitation, high relative humidity, cold temperature, and short sunshine hours. Meanwhile, GLO peaks are usually seen towards the end of March through April and in October, according to GLO trend research (40 to 50 ppb). This is during the transitional monsoon season, where the west part of Peninsular Malaysia received precipitation lower than usual.
Analysis of drainage pattern and its relationship with gold potential in Batu Melintang, Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman M S , Udin W S , Khan M A , Sulaiman N , Ismail R , Bahar A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study is conducted within approximately 42km2 in the northern Kelantan, specifically at Batu Melintang, Jeli. The study aims to analyze drainage and its relationship with gold potential. The lithology of the study area consists of metasedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rock. Sungai Pergau and Sungai Tadoh are the main rivers fed by tributary drainages located in the highly potential gold zones. It is important to understand the relationship of the potential gold zones with the drainage system because if any exploitation of the drainage system occurs, it could disrupt the main river system. This research was conducted using the geological gridded sampling method followed by the fire assay method to detect gold. Drainage analysis is conducted using satellite imagery and ArcGIS software. The result shows that Grid 1, 2 and 3 show the highest gold potential, whereas grid 7, 8 and 9 show the lowest gold potential. The drainage analysis shows the majority of the drainage pattern is trellis type and only grid 2 with rectangular and grid 9 with dendritic type. The study also found that the lowest drainage coverage (8052m) is in grid 2, which has the highest gold intensity. In contrast, the highest drainage coverage (15032m) is in grid 9, with the lowest gold potential.
Petrographie analysis at Lojing, Gua Musang Kelantan
Authors: Sulaiman N , Shafiee N S , Bahar A M A , Sulaiman N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A petrographic analysis was conducted to identify the mineral contents containing in the rock samples collected at study area located in Lojing, Gua Musang. The geology of the study area consists of metasedimentary rocks. There are six hand specimens collected and analysed using petrographic microscope. The limestone and carbonate rock is found at the study area. It has been subjected to some stress to such an extent that some of the grain boundaries have been modified by pervasive pressure solution of stylolites. Pressure solution is the process whereby this limestone has undergone selective dissolution to the extent that the grain boundaries were modified into thin dark n sutured seams. The rocks contain also microcrystalline to cryptocrystalline silica clasts which occur dispersed throughout the matrix. The petrographic analysis results show that the minerals contain in the six rock samples are micrite, bioclast, microspars, deformed quartz, K-feldspar, lithic and clayey carbonate lithic. The major minerals contained in the rocks are micrite and bioclast.