bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aneurysm Wall Enhancement Is Associated With Decreased Intrasaccular IL-10 and Morphological Features of Instability
Authors: Swiatek Vanessa M , Neyazi Belal , Roa Jorge A , Zanaty Mario , Samaniego Edgar A , Ishii Daizo , Lu Yongjun , Sandalcioglu I Erol , Saalfeld Sylvia , Berg Philipp , Hasan David M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
High-resolution vessel wall imaging plays an increasingly important role in assessing the risk of aneurysm rupture.

OBJECTIVE
To introduce an approach toward the validation of the wall enhancement as a direct surrogate parameter for aneurysm stability.

METHODS
A total of 19 patients harboring 22 incidental intracranial aneurysms were enrolled in this study. The aneurysms were dichotomized according to their aneurysm-to-pituitary stalk contrast ratio using a cutoff value of 0.5 (nonenhancing < 0.5; enhancing ≥ 0.5). We evaluated the association of aneurysm wall enhancement with morphological characteristics, hemodynamic features, and inflammatory chemokines directly measured inside the aneurysm.

RESULTS
Differences in plasma concentration of chemokines and inflammatory molecules, morphological, and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed using the Welch test or Mann-Whitney U test. The concentration ΔIL-10 in the lumen of intracranial aneurysms with low wall enhancement was significantly increased compared to aneurysms with strong aneurysm wall enhancement (P = .014). The analysis of morphological and hemodynamic parameters showed significantly increased values for aneurysm volume (P = .03), aneurysm area (P = .044), maximal diameter (P = .049), and nonsphericity index (P = .021) for intracranial aneurysms with strong aneurysm wall enhancement. None of the hemodynamic parameters reached statistical significance; however, the total viscous shear force computed over the region of low wall shear stress showed a strong tendency toward significance (P = .053).

CONCLUSION
Aneurysmal wall enhancement shows strong associations with decreased intrasaccular IL-10 and established morphological indicators of aneurysm instability.
Clinical Efficacy of Patients With Secondary Bacteremia Treated With Omadacycline: Results From Phase 3 Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections and Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia Studies
Authors: Sakoulas George , Eckburg Paul B , Amodio-Groton Maria , Manley Amy , Tzanis Evan , Das Anita F , Noble Robert , McGovern Paul C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this post hoc analysis of the 63 patients with secondary bacteremia enrolled in the 3 omadacycline phase 3 studies of acute bacterial skin/skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), we determined that omadacycline is a viable therapeutic option for appropriate patients with secondary bacteremia.
Painless loss of vision: rapid diagnosis of a central retinal artery occlusion utilizing point-of-care ultrasound
Authors: Taylor Gregory M , Evans Daniel , Doggette Robert P , Wallace Ryan C , Flack Andrew T , Kennedy Sarah K 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become an essential part of the evaluation of vision loss among emergency physicians in the emergency department (ED). It is frequently used to evaluate for vitreous hemorrhage, foreign bodies, retinal detachment, optic neuritis and posterior vitreous detachment; however, it can also be used to evaluate for a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). A POCUS can reveal a hyperechoic density in the optic nerve sheath just proximal to the retinal surface, and this is referred to as a retrobulbar ‘spot sign’ (RBSS). We present the case of an 88-year-old male that presented to our community ED with a painless loss of vision to his right eye. A POCUS revealed an RBSS of the central retinal artery and he was subsequently diagnosed with a CRAO. At his 1-month follow-up, he has regained light perception and 15% of his vision, however, remains with significant visual impairment.
Back to basics: a rare and aggressive case of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus endocarditis
Authors: Al-Sakini Nada , Bruce Charo , Seitler Samuel , Ibrahim Wasyla , Nicholas Victoria , Loup Orphelie , Shore Darryl , Li Wei , Gatzoulis Michael A 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the case of a 25-year-old with a history of bicuspid aortic valve and ascending aortopathy who was successfully treated for infective endocarditis (IE) due to Aggregatibacter aphrophilus. His clinical course was complicated by a large aortic root abscess not initially visualised on transthoracic echocardiography or computerised tomography. The cardinal feature of progressive prolongation of the PR interval on serial electrocardiograms was the only sign associated with clinical deterioration and was the trigger for rapid investigation and urgent management. Our case emphasises the importance of simple bedside tests to identify dynamic clinical scenarios and the requirement for early further imaging in the management of IE.
A case of macrophage activation syndrome in a patient with anti-synthetase syndrome
Authors: Ahmad Nadia , Parmar Aneel , Kitchen Joanne 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies against an aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase with clinical features including interstitial lung disease, non-erosive arthritis, myositis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, unexplained fever and/or mechanic’s hands. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a potentially fatal hyper- inflammatory syndrome that can occur as a complication of systemic rheumatic diseases. However, the association of MAS and ASS has rarely been reported in the literature. Here, we report this association in a patient with overlap ASS and anti-CCP positive rheumatoid arthritis. First line management with steroids was complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis, hence requiring use of anti-IL1 therapy (anakinra) for disease control.
Breaking Down the Walls
Authors: Stockhausen Ulrike Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter traces the results of evangelical immigration activism, covering the years between 2009 and 2014. By proposing a concept based both on justice and on compassion, evangelical immigration activists resurrected the biblical teachings to care for the “stranger” and reshaped the theology of hospitality in order to meet evangelical concerns about the rule of law. The chapter highlights the crucial role that Latinx evangelical leaders played in placing immigration on the evangelical agenda. They were joined by evangelical leaders who brought a renewed focus on social justice into their organizations. They came together in the Evangelical Immigration Table, a group founded in 2012, which hoped to change both evangelical immigration attitudes and immigration policy at the national level. The results of their activism are mixed: while surveys showed increasing evangelical support for immigration reform that includes a pathway to citizenship, this support failed to translate into electoral choices.
‘Pandemic within a pandemic’: a call to end police brutality
Authors: Corpuz Jeff Clyde G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This correspondence points out the excessive use of police force in the Philippines since the outbreak of the pandemic. In a recent correspondence, the authors called for a cooperative, honest and considerate attitude toward the government. However, how can one trust the government if it relies heavily on draconian measures in ‘war’ against the pandemic?
Ultrasound of shoulder and knee improves the accuracy of the 2012 EULAR/ACR provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Kobayashi Kei , Nakagomi Daiki , Kobayashi Yoshiaki , Ajima Chisaki , Hanai Shunichiro , Koyama Kensuke , Ikeda Kei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Recent studies suggest that the knee is frequently involved in PMR. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the US assessment of the shoulder and knee discriminates between PMR and other differential diagnoses and improves the accuracy of the 2012 EULAR/ACR provisional classification criteria for PMR.

Methods
We consecutively enrolled 81 untreated patients who received a diagnosis of PMR. These patients were divided into two groups based on the final diagnosis made at 1-year follow-up: PMR-definite group (n = 60) and PMR-mimic group (n = 21). We also enrolled age/sex-matched untreated RA patients with shoulder pain from an independent cohort (RA group, n = 60). All patients underwent comprehensive US assessment of the shoulder and knee for synovitis, bursitis, tenosynovitis, tendinitis and ligament inflammation at baseline.

Results
US scores for tenosynovitis, tendinitis and ligament inflammation better discriminated the PMR-definite group from the PMR-mimic and RA groups than do those for synovitis or bursitis. Among logistic regression models to identify US variables that were associated with the PMR-definite group, the best fitted model included two US variables: the bilateral involvement of the shoulder (long head of biceps, supraspinatus or subscapularis tendon) and the bilateral involvement of the knee (popliteus tendon or medial or lateral collateral ligament). Incorporating these two items into the 2012 EULAR/ACR provisional classification criteria numerically increased the accuracy to classify the PMR-definite group.

Conclusion
US assessment of the tendon/ligament-related lesions in the shoulder and knee may improve the accuracy of the 2012 EULAR/ACR provisional classification criteria for PMR.
All-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with giant cell arteritis: a nationwide, population-based cohort study
Authors: Therkildsen Philip , Nielsen Berit Dalsgaard , de Thurah Annette , Hansen Ib Tønder , Nørgaard Mette , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether GCA is associated with increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods
A nationwide, population-based cohort study in Denmark using medical and administrative registries. GCA cases were defined as patients aged ≥50 years from 1996–2018 with a first-time discharge diagnosis of GCA and ≥3 prescriptions for prednisolone within 6 months following diagnosis. Each GCA patient was matched based on age, sex and calendar time to 10 persons without a history of GCA. Index date was the date for the third prednisolone prescription. We used a pseudo-observation approach to calculate all-cause and cause-specific mortality, adjusted risk differences (RDs) and relative risks (RRs).

Results
We included 9908 GCA patients and 98 204 persons from the general population. The median time for GCA patients to redeem the third prednisolone prescription was 74 days [interquartile range (IQR: 49–106)]. Among GCA patients, the overall mortality was 6.4% (95% CI: 5.9, 6.9) 1 year after index date and 45% (95% CI: 44, 47) after 10 years. Compared with the reference cohort, adjusted RDs and RRs of deaths in the GCA cohort were 2.2% (95% CI: 1.7, 2.7) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.36, 1.64) after 1 year, and 2.1% (95% CI: 1.0, 3.3) and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.05) 10 years after index date. GCA patients had a higher risk of death due to infectious, endocrine, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases.

Conclusions
GCA is associated with increased all-cause mortality, particularly within the first year following the diagnosis. Cause-specific mortality indicates that mortality in GCA may in part be due to glucocorticoid-related complications.
VALIDATED MEASUREMENT OF URANIUM IN A HUMAN URINE STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL BY ICP-MS WITH THE STANDARD ADDITION METHOD
Authors: Kang Cheolhyun , Lee Jongil , Lee Kwang-Sik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Urine Analysis Laboratory of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has developed an in vitro method for measuring uranium in spot urine samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with microwave-assisted digestion and standard addition. To validate this procedure, the frozen human urine standard reference material (SRM 2668), such as uranium and creatinine, were analyzed. To overcome the matrix effect and thereby obtain precise measurement data, the standard addition method with extrapolation of four additional points was applied. The measured values for uranium in the SRM were within the acceptable margin of error. The results were compared and evaluated with respect to the American National Standards Institute and Heath Physics Society (ANSI/HPS) N13.30 and International Organization for Standardization 28218 standards. The relative precision (SBr), relative bias (Br), and root-mean-square error values were within the acceptable ranges for the SRM.
Genomic Sequence Resource of Kabatiella zeae, the Causative Pathogen of Corn Eyespot Disease
Authors: Wang Yafei , Yao Jinai , Xia Xinyao , Li Zhiqiang , Zhou Shaoqun , Liu Wende , Wu Hanxiang 
Published: June 2021

Kabatiella zeae is the causative pathogen of corn eyespot disease, which is an important leaf disease that damages corn (Zea mays L.) worldwide. In this study, we provided an annotated draft of the assembled genome of the K. zeae field strain KZ1 through PacBio and Illumina sequencing. The assembled KZ1 genome size is 23,602,820 bp, and its GC content is 50.71%. The completeness of the assembled genome is 97.6% in this study. The assembly obtained in this study has 94 contigs and the length of N50 is 720,243 bp. This study is the first report of the K. zeae genome, which contributes to further research on the genetic variation and pathogenic mechanism of this important fungal pathogen. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Discrepancies in Physician and Coroner Findings in Cases of Fatal Suspected Physical Child Abuse
Authors: Arnold Tyler S. , Siekmann Tyler , Thackeray Jonathan D. , Bridge Jeffrey A. , Cohen Daniel M. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
As mandated reporters of suspected abuse, physicians must consider abuse when a child dies unexpectedly. Subsequently, a coroner or medical examiner determines the manner of death (MOD) and cause of death (COD). Accurate diagnoses and determinations are important for social safety and justice. This study described discrepancies between physicians' and coroners' findings in cases of fatal suspected physical child abuse.

Methods
This study was a single-institution, retrospective review. All children 6 years or younger who died in a pediatric emergency department from October 2006 to January 2013 with a coroner report were included in this study. Coroner reports, MODs, and CODs were reviewed. Skeletal survey results were compared with coroners' findings.

Results
One hundred twenty-nine children were included. The MODs included the following: undetermined, 63 (49%); accident, 32 (25%); natural, 31 (24%); and homicide, 3 (2%). Thirty-three (26%) of the 129 patients had abuse suspected at the time of death in the emergency department; in this subset, MODs were as follows: undetermined, 16 (48%); accident, 8 (24%); natural, 6 (18%); and homicide, 3 (9%). Sudden infant death syndrome or sudden unexpected death was the most common COD in all children (68, 55%). Skeletal surveys were positive in 12 children with 29 fractures identified; 8 (28%) of the 29 fractures were corroborated on autopsy findings. Of the 12 children with positive skeletal survey findings, only 1 was ruled a homicide.

Conclusions
We found discrepancies between coroner determination of homicide and abuse suspected by physicians, especially among children with fractures. Improved communication between agencies in cases of fatal child abuse is needed.
Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome After Kidney Transplantation: A Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Francke Marith I. , Clahsen-van Groningen Marian C. , van den Bosch Thierry P. P. , Becker Jan U. , Hesselink Dennis A. 
Published: June 2021

Background.
Cholesterol embolization syndrome (CES) is an uncommon but well-known cause of renal failure in native kidneys, but little is known about CES in kidney transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, histopathology, and prognosis of CES after kidney transplantation.

Methods.
CES cases in both transplanted and native kidneys (control group) were identified by searching the databases of the divisions of Nephrology and Pathology of our institution. Clinical data were retrospectively collected. Biopsies were classified according to the latest Banff 2019 Update. Second, a systematic literature search was performed (December 01, 2020) of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials, Google Scholar, and Web of Science.

Results.
CES was observed in for-cause biopsies of 11 out of 2350 (0.47%) kidney transplant recipients transplanted between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2018 (0.0009 cases per person-year). All patients had ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor, and 9 donors were expanded criteria donors. Graft loss occurred in 27.3% of the patients diagnosed with CES. Eight transplant biopsies with CES were also classified as biopsy-proven acute rejection. Transplant biopsies showed signs of inflammation (arteritis, n = 7; interstitial inflammation, n = 5; tubulitis, n = 7). One patient with CES in a native kidney was identified. The biopsy of the native kidney only showed arteritis and classified as an isolated “v” lesion. The literature search resulted in 188 unique articles of which 20 were included. A total of 47 cases of CES after kidney transplantation was reported. Cholesterol emboli were found in <1% of all kidney transplant biopsies. In 57.8% of the kidney transplant biopsies with CES described in literature, concomitant inflammation was present.

Conclusions.
CES is an uncommon cause of kidney transplant failure, although the incidence of CES may be underestimated. CES may mimic rejection as it can be accompanied by arteritis.
Sonographic Reference Values of Vagus Nerve: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Abdelnaby Ramy , Elsayed Mohamed , Mohamed Khaled A. , Dardeer Khaled T. , Sonbol Yousef Tarek , ELgenidy Anas , Barakat Mahmoud H. , NasrEldin Yasmin K. , Maier Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
To establish the first comprehensive and standardized set of vagus nerve (VN) sonographic reference values across all the published studies that can be used to standardize and guide clinical practice and research.

Methods:
This systematic review includes all possible available data from a total of 27 studies and 21 of them were included in the meta-analysis having a total of 864 participants.

Results:
The overall mean cross-sectional area ranged from 2.29 to 2.76 mm2 for the right VN and from 1.83 to 2.23 mm2 for the left VN with 95% confidence interval. Sonographic reference values of VN at common carotid artery bifurcation, thyroid gland, and cartilage as well as other anatomic landmarks were provided.

Conclusions:
The mean cross-sectional area of the right VN of 2.53 mm2 and the left one of 2.03 mm2 can be considered as sonographic reference values in healthy adults. This review provides these reference values to be considered in the further sonographic evaluation of VNs.
Correlation between Pregnancy Status and Severe Corona-Virus Disease Characterized by Cytokine Storm: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Muthuka John , Kiptoo Michael , Oluoch Kelly , Nyamai Everlyn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR2-COV-2) that identified first in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, rapidly spreading to the rest of the globe, becoming a pandemic. Some studies have eluded to an association between pregnancy status and severe COVID-19 cytokine storm, some, in contrast, have demonstrated such. The aim of the current study was to find the relationship between pregnancy status and clinical COVID-19 severity characterized by cytokine storm through a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.MethodsWe searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to identify clinical studies suitable for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Studies reporting pregnancy status and comparing the COVID-19 severity cytokine storm outcome were included. The COVID-19 severity characterized by cytokine storm was described using parameters such as; Intensive Care Unit Admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, Mechanical Ventilation, Hospital Admission, Pro and Inflammatory cytokine levels, consolidation on chest CT scan, pulmonary infiltration, extreme fevers as characteristic of cytokine storm, syndromic severity, higher neutrophil count indicative of cytokine storm and severe COVI-19 presentation.ResultsA total of 17 articles detailing 840332 COVID-19 women were included. Our meta-analysis revealed a relationship between positive pregnancy status and severe COVID-19 cytokine storm case (random effect model, OR=2.47; 95% CI: 1.63-3.73; P < 0.0001), with a cumulative incidence of 6432 (14.1%) among the pregnant women with COVID-19 and 24352 (3.1%) among the non-pregnant women with COVI-19. Further to this, we found that the sub-analysis between Single Centre and Multiple Centre studies demonstrated seemingly the same as heterogeneity (I2 = 72 and (I2 = 98), respectively. Sensitivity analysis on each sub-group revealed that pregnancy was significantly related to severe COVID-19 with cytokine storm from single Centre studies, (fixed effect model, OR= 3.97; 95% CI: 2.26-6.95; P< 0.00001) with very low heterogeneity (I2 = 2 %; P = 0.42).ConclusionBeing pregnant is clearly associated with experiencing a severe COVID-19 characterized by a cytokine storm. The SARS-COV-2 epidemic should serve as an impetus for pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19, and map out salient risk factors associated with its severity. The trial is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42021242011.