bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualification of Local Stress Relief Heat Treatment of Double Submerged-Arc Welded DSAW Pipe for Reel-Lay Installation
Authors: Terris James , Safari Javad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reel-lay installation is one of the most effective methods for subsea pipeline installation. Pipes subject to reeling installation experience cyclic plastic deformations and tight control of the yield strength range, yield strength to ultimate tensile strength ratio (YS/UTS) and uniform elongation values is required on the delivered pipe.
Double Submerged-Arc Weld (DSAW) pipes formed from Thermo-Mechanically Controlled Process (TMCP) plates do not normally exhibit the minimum requirements for plastic strain requirements such as minimum YS/UTS ratio or uniform elongation values. This paper describes a process for increasing the reelability of DSAW pipes. This has been achieved by induction heating of DSAW pipe ends to normalise the mechanical properties at pipe joints. The mechanical properties of the treated section have been measured and verified against design rules for reeling, based on industry standards such as DNVGL-ST-F101 [Ref. 1] and TechnipFMC supplementary requirements. The improvement in mechanical properties is measured by comparison with the as-manufactured properties of adjacent sections.
A commercial study demonstrates that the locally heat-treated DSAW pipe is a cost-effective alternative to seamless pipes for reel-lay installation.
Industry's First Sidetrack in 12-1/4-in Casing Enables Operator to Re-Establish Production in GOM
Authors: Emelander Tom 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In a Gulf of Mexico (GOM) ultradeepwater well, liner integrity issues forced an operator to consider milling a conventional casing exit to sidetrack as deep as possible to re-establish production. Milling a window in 12 -1/4-in. heavy wall casing above the liner hanger had never been achieved before because of the thickness and grade of casing. A successful installation would require significant preplanning and testing to prove capability before real-world application.
The service provider recommended an off-the-shelf solution to accommodate a 12 -1/4-in. casing exit. It was determined that the best fit for the application would be the standard equipment used for exits out of 10 -3/4-in. casing, given the similar internal diameters (IDs). Despite never having performed an installation in this casing size, the provider had a successful run history for exits in heavy weight casing strings. Job challenges included avoiding cutting a casing connection, managing swarf, milling through a centralizer, and achieving a low dogleg for production packers. Additional challenges included torque limitations, mill gauge, and the limestone formation.
An 8-in. outside diameter (OD) system with mechanical anchor and 9 -7/8-in. OD mills was sent to a test well designed to replicate the target section of the offshore well. Based on determinations made in the planning phase, milling of the window and rathole would be staged in two trips. Additionally, a replica drilling bottom hole assembly (BHA), 8 -5/8-in. casing, and a replica production packer would need to pass through the window to ensure both window quality and low enough dogleg. Dogleg data was acquired through multiple logging runs during the 10-day operation. The installation went as planned, along with an additional custom window elongation run to decrease the dogleg severity to approximately 4.5°/100 -ft (30m). Having successfully validated the equipment for the application, the operator and servicer prover were comfortable moving onto the GOM well. Considering the test results, the team planned to mill the window and rathole in one trip. They achieved the 22 -ft long window and 15 -ft rathole in one run that lasted 26 hours. This installation is the first sidetrack conducted with a whipstock in 12 -1/4-in. casing.
This paper shows that a safe, reliable casing exit installation is possible in difficult applications, such as uniquely heavy wall casing, even though it may previously have been considered impossible. This successful application provides the industry with contingency options in similar scenarios.
The Functional State Assessment as the Psychological Safety Marker of the Offshore Production Platform Workers
Authors: Korneeva Yana , Simonova Natalia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study is devoted to the functional states’ identification and description as the psychological safety marker of offshore oil-producing platform workers with the fly-in-fly-out work organization. This will allow identifying an employee's risk group with low psychological safety for the development of measures to improve it, preserve their health and work efficiency. The research was carried out by means of a scientific expedition in April 2019 during the entire fly-in-fly-out visit to the offshore ice- resistant platform in the Caspian Sea. It was attended by 50 employees (average age 36.17 ± 1.064, average work experience on a fly-in-fly-out basis 7.97 ± 0.839, fly-in-fly-out period - 14 days). Research methods are: 1) instrumental psychophysiological methods for assessing the state on the devices «AngioScan» (stress level) and «Psychophysiologist» (operator performance, functional state level, functional reserves level); 2) psychological testing methods are M. Luscher's color test and the "Well-being. Activity. Insistence" questioning. Psychological testing of employee's personality traits. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate methods using the SPSS 23.00 software package.As the study result, all employees were divided into two large groups according to functional states indicators: 1) a group with high performance, since these employees have optimal speed, high quality work performance and good health; 2) a group with low performance, because with a favorable general state of health and the performing tasks speed, employees show a low performance. The relationship between the two groups oil-producing platform employees’ subjective characteristics of efficiency and safety studied. It was found that employees with high performance are adapted to the negative environment impact and are characterized by high psychological safety. The second group representatives with low performance give higher assessments of the professional situations danger and are not satisfied with the work schedule, and therefore belong to the risk group and require additional measures to ensure psychological safety. Personal markers of attribution to groups with different efficiency are independence, cyclothymic character accentuation type, planning and the general level of subjective control.
Subsea Tree Fatigue Mitigation Solutions For Shallow Water Drilling
Authors: Sonawane Mahesh , Ge Michael , Johnson Steven , Campbell Mike 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The offshore drilling industry is advancing technologies to extend deep water drilling technologies and attain feasibility of operations at deeper depths and higher pressures. However, shallow water operations themselves pose a certain unique set of challenges that need to be addressed with customized and innovative solutions. While shallow water poses certain benefits and conveniences to the operations, like ease of retrieval and better access to wells, there are significant challenges in terms of operational down time caused by limited operability and poor drilling riser and subsea hardware fatigue performance.
Shallow water operations do not have the advantage of deep water drilling where the motions and loads imparted to the subsea blowout preventer (BOP) are relatively decoupled and damped out by hydrodynamic damping from the significant length of the water column. Thus, the vessel motions and wave hydrodynamic loads imparted on the riser are transferred to the wellhead and subsea hardware. In this paper the fatigue challenges encountered for drilling wells in 530 ft water depth from a sixth generation moored semi-submersible rig are explored. The fatigue loading is critical for the subsea tree connector which is characterized by a high stress amplification factor (SAF). Multiple riser space-out solutions were evaluated including fairings, helically-grooved buoyancy, joints with rope, and modifications to the telescopic joint each of which will be presented in the paper along with combination of different damping parameters to optimize the fatigue performance.
The paper will present the subsea tree connector fatigue performance for different riser space-out options and make recommendations for future operations with similar conditions. Other challenges encountered in fatigue evaluation will be discussed. This will highlight the current assumptions and unknowns in data that can form the subject of evaluation for a future joint industry study.
Subsea Liquid Energy Storage – The Bridge Between Oil and Energy/Hydrogen
Authors: Mikalsen Kristian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates a pioneering technology adaption for using a membrane-based subsea storage solution for oil/condensate, modified into storing clean energy storage in the form of ammonia (as a hydrogen energy carrier). The immediate application will provide an economical alternative to electrification of offshore platforms, instead of using expensive cables from shore. Storing ammonia at the seabed using innovative subsea storage technologies will dramatically reduce CO2 emissions for offshore assets. The fluid will be stored in a safe manner on the seafloor, protecting both personnel and marine life. The next step will be to include subsea ammonia storage as part of the global logistical value chain, which can power the merchant shipping fleet. Clean ammonia can be produced using renewable resources as wind or solar.
It focuses on bridging the ongoing oil/condensate storage qualification, adapted into storing ammonia. The large-scale verification test scope is explained, and we show how the test is extended to also prove the concept of safe energy/ammonia storage. The ammonia storage concept is explained, and we show how this can be included as part of a low carbon future. The focus is the immediate market for providing clean power to existing or new offshore assets. The full system solution will encompass storage tanks placed nearby the platforms at safe water depths, riser systems providing fuel to the ammonia power generators, and the tank filling systems. Bridging and adapting technologies from the petroleum industry into renewables shows the importance of utilizing the technology developments and competence of the oil and gas business.
The technical evaluations have shown that the oil/condensate storage can be adapted into storing energy/ammonia with minor modifications. Converting hydrogen into ammonia gives slight energy losses, but it is defended by the large economic benefits of storing ammonia versus pressure storage of hydrogen. The paper presents qualification work already completed and how to implement ammonia fuel storage for platforms. In addition, we show the test setup for a large-scale qualification provided by an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) company together with major Operators. Innovative modular design methods have shown that the concept can be included on existing offshore assets, which have limited topside space available. Adding green or blue ammonia as an alternative to power cables from shore have several benefits, and many of the connecting building blocks are falling into place. The main conclusion is how to adapt Novel technologies from the oil industry to store ammonia in a safe way on the seafloor.
Fetal Accessory Renal Arteries and Other Renal Anomalies
Authors: Tom Dinit K. , Manvikar Purushottam Rao , Mutalik Maitreyee Madhav 
Published: August 2021

Background: Human kidneys develop from intermediate mesoderm, in three successive stages; pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. The definitive kidney, which is derived from metanephros occupy sacral region initially, which ascent later, reaching the adult position by 9th week. It receives blood supply from different sources during its development and ascent. Accessory renal arteries are widely studied in adults while the same in fetuses is an understudied topic. Aims and Objectives: The present study was carried out to find out the percentage of accessory renal arteries in fetuses and associated positional congenital anomalies with it. Materials and Methods: Fifty fetuses of gestational ages ranged from 14 to 40 weeks were collected from the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, with prior permission from Head of the department and Dean. Results: The study showed a higher percentage of accessory renal arteries in fetuses (30%) and in 2 out of 50 fetuses dissected (4%), accessory renal arteries were found to be associated with positional anomalies. One was a case of bilateral ectopic kidney whereas the other was a horseshoe kidney (HSK). Lobulation were seen in most of the kidneys and 3 cases of bilateral accessory renal arteries without any obvious anomalies were noted.

Conclusion:
As the advancement in prenatal diagnostic techniques, screening for accessory renal arteries in fetuses can provide a clue for associated congenital renal anomalies. Knowledge on vascular variation in fetuses will help pediatric surgeons in planning abdominal surgeries in new born and children of early ages, where vascular anatomy may be different than in adults.
Panax Notoginseng Saponins Increases the Blood Concentration of Nifedipine by Inhibiting CYP3A4 Enzyme through PXR- and CAR-Mediated Pathway
Authors: Li Qiu-Hong , Zhao Jiao , Ju Ai-Xia , Hu Yong , Qie Qing-Song , Xiao Hong-Bin , Xu Guang , Wang Xi-Jun 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
To explore the mechanism underlying the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine (NF) in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into blank (BL) group, PNS group, NF group, and PNS + NF group, with six rats in each group. Noncompartmental analysis and t-test were carried out to determine the difference between the pharmacokinetic parameters of NF in different groups. CYP3A4 enzyme activity was calculated using the probe drug method. The mRNA and protein contents of CYP3A4, nuclear receptor CAR, and PXR in rat liver were quantitatively analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot.

Results:
After the rats were treated with the combination of PNS and NF, the plasma concentration, half-life, peak time, and area under the concentration-time curve of NF increased, whereas the clearance rate decreased. The inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 enzyme activity was in the following order: PNS + NF group (strongest) > PNS group > NF group, and BL group (weakest). Similar changes were observed for the inhibitory effect on CYP3A4, CAR, and PXR mRNA and protein content, and the order was as follows: PNS + NF group (weakest) < PNS group < NF group, and BL group (strongest).

Conclusion:
In combination with NF, PNS may inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of nuclear receptor CAR and PXR and the activity of CYP3A4 enzyme, slowing down the pharmacokinetics of NF in rats, increasing its blood concentration, and enhancing the therapeutic effect of NF.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Acute Zika Virus Infections in León, Nicaragua
Authors: Bowman Natalie M. , Bucardo Filemón , Collins Matthew H. , Reyes Yaoska , Centeno Cuadra Edwing , Blette Bryan , Lakshmanane Premkumar , Guerra Enrique Paulo , Rubinstein Rebecca , Liou Guei-Jiun Alice , de Silva Aravinda M. , Becker-Dreps Sylvia 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
The American Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has highlighted the need to gain a better understanding of this emerging virus. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and risk factors for symptomatic ZIKV infection in an area with ongoing transmission of other arboviral infections. We recruited patients at least 2 years of age seeking care at public health centers in León, Nicaragua, between January 2016 and August 2017, for fever, maculopapular rash, and/or nonsuppurative conjunctivitis with a duration of less than 1 week. A laboratory diagnosis of ZIKV was established using a combination of molecular and serological tests. Clinical and laboratory findings and potential risk factors were compared between participants with and without acute ZIKV infection. Fifty-eight (26%) of the 225 participants included in the analysis were found to have acute ZIKV infection. Pregnancy and reports of previous arboviral infection were associated with a higher risk of ZIKV infection. Rash, conjunctivitis, sore throat, and lower absolute neutrophil counts were associated with acute ZIKV infection. The clinical characteristics and risk factors identified were consistent with those identified by previous studies; however, we found sore throat to be a feature of ZIKV infection. We also found that neutrophil counts were lower in ZIKV-infected subjects. These clinical symptoms and laboratory data may help clinicians suspect ZIKV infection during future outbreaks.
Challenges to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability among Women in South India: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Shah Pooja , Shetty Veena , Ganesh Maithri , Shetty Avinash K. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women in India. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in India is low due to cost, low awareness of HPV, social stigma, and other factors. We assessed the awareness, attitudes, and beliefs regarding HPV and HPV vaccination and explored the barriers and challenges to HPV vaccine intent among women in Mangalore, India. An exploratory study was conducted using two focus group discussions (FGDs) and six in-depth one-on-one interviews. FGD-1 comprised nine women aged 18 to 26 years, and FGD-2 comprised seven women aged 27 to 45 years. The FGDs were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Themes identified were limited knowledge of HPV and vaccine, stigma associated with receiving HPV vaccine, vaccine safety concerns, and cost as a barrier to receiving vaccine. Participants expressed desire for physician and government recommendation of the HPV vaccine to validate vaccine intent. Contrasting themes between the two FGDs include support for vaccination at a younger age and lower perception of stigma and judgment in the 18- to 26-year-old group; however, participants in the 27- to 45-year-old group support vaccination at an older age and endorse greater fear of stigma and judgment associated with obtaining vaccination. Education regarding HPV-associated diseases and the HPV vaccine for the general public, physicians, and government officials in conjunction with lowering vaccine cost, improving vaccine access, and encouraging strong physician recommendations are key strategies to scale up HPV vaccine implementation in India.
Comparison between Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sodium Nitrate Flotation Microscopy in Diagnosing Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections
Authors: Bartlett Adam W. , Traub Rebecca , Amaral Salvador , Hii Sze Fui , Clarke Naomi E. , Matthews Alexander , Zendejas-Heredia Patsy A. , Arkell Paul , Monteiro Merita Antonia Armindo , da Conceicao Virginia , da Costa Maia Carolina , Soares Maria Imaculada , Prisca Guterres Josefina D. , Francis Joshua R. , Vaz Nery Susana 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
There is evolving interest in alternate microscopy techniques and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to evaluate soil-transmitted helminth (STH) burden. Using data from a cross-sectional survey of 540 schoolchildren across six primary schools in three municipalities of Timor-Leste, we compared the performance of microscopy using sodium nitrate flotation (SNF) and qPCR in determining STH prevalence and infection intensity. Prevalence by qPCR was higher than SNF for Ascaris lumbricoides (17.5% versus 11.2%), hookworm (8.3% versus 1.2%), and Trichuris trichiura (4.7% versus 1.6%). Agreement between SNF and qPCR was fair for hookworm (κ = 0.21) and moderate for A. lumbricoides (κ = 0.59) and T. trichiura (κ = 0.44). Moderate or heavy intensity infections were identified in 15.9% of infections detected by SNF, whereas qPCR identified 36.1% as moderate or heavy infections using cycle threshold to eggs per gram conversion formulas. Quantitative PCR is a promising diagnostic technique, though further studies validating infection intensity correlates are required.
Multiplex Bead Assay for the Detection of Human IgG Antibody Responses to African Trypanosomes
Authors: Priest Jeffrey W. , Handali Sukwan 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT.
The recent introduction of large-scale, population-based serologic surveys in several nations where human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) remains endemic could provide an opportunity to better map the remaining disease foci and to identify asymptomatic, seropositive individuals who are infected with the more chronic form of the parasite, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (gHAT). We have incorporated a soluble form of variant surface glycoprotein 117 and a recombinant invariant surface glycoprotein 65.1 into a multiplex bead assay (MBA) method that is commonly used for the detection of IgG antibody responses to other neglected tropical diseases. A positive result was defined as reactivity to both antigens. MBA sensitivity and specificity for gHAT infection were 92% and 96%, respectively. Assay specificity for the acute form of disease caused by T.b. rhodesiense (rHAT) was 94%, but the sensitivity was only 63.6%. In the future, additional antigens could be incorporated into the multiplex assay to improve rHAT sensitivity.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEJAHATAN JALANAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FP-GROWTH (STUDI KASUS DI POLRESTA PADANG)
Authors: Putri Ega Evinda 
Published: August 2021

Tindak kekerasan dalam KUHP salah satunya adalah tindak kekerasan dijalanan, yang tentunya dapat mengganggu ketertiban umum serta menimbulkan keresahan masyarakat. Pendeteksian kejahatan yang sering terjadi secara bersamaan disebut Association Rule. Algoritma yang bisa digunakan adalah Algoritma FP-Growth. Algoritma FP-Growth adalah salah satu alternative algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan himpunan data yang paling sering muncul dalam pengumpulan data. Data tersebut diambil sebagai studi kasus kejahatan jalanan di Polresta Padang. Memberikan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pihak kepolisisan berupa persentase yaitu jika tempat kejadian perkara adalah pasar raya padang dan kasus adalah copet maka support ≥ 23% dan confidence ≥ 100 %, sehingga dari persentase tersebut menghasilkan 9 rule. Dari hasil tersebut diperoleh rule tertinggi yaitu jika tempat kejadian perkara adalah pasar raya padang dan kasus adalah copet maka support ≥ 23% dan confidence ≥ 100 %. Sehingga dapat digunakan oleh pihak reskrim untuk mengetahui kehatan di jalanan apa yang sering terjadi sehingga persoalan tingkat kejahatan dijalan dapat diminimalisasi.