bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pooled analysis of Xpert Bladder Cancer based on the 5 mRNAs for rapid diagnosis of bladder carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ye-Ling , Wang Xue-Lin , Yang Xiao-Hui , Wu Xiao-Huan , He Guo-Xin , Xie Li-Min , Cao Xun-Jie , Guo Xu-Guang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundXpert Bladder Cancer is a detection method developed in recent years, designed with the functions of integrating sample automatically, nucleic acid amplification, and target sequence detection. It is a urine assay targeting five mRNAs (CRH, IGF2, UPK1B, ANXA10, and ABL1). The purpose of this article is to review the accuracy of Xpert Bladder Cancer in the follow-up diagnosis of bladder cancer and evaluate the role of Xpert Bladder Cancer in detecting the recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the round.MethodsIn the database of Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, the articles published up to October 13, 2020, were searched and screened based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the included studies. The sensitivity, specificity, negative likelihood ratio, positive likelihood ratio summary of receiver operating characteristic curves, and diagnostic odds ratio were combined by the Meta-DiSc 1.4 software. The Stata 12.0 software was used to obtain the assessment of publication bias.ResultsA total of 8 articles involving eight fourfold tables were finally identified. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of Xpert Bladder Cancer in the diagnosis of bladder cancer were 0.71 and 0.81, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 3.74 and 0.34, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.8407. The diagnostic odds ratio was 11.99. Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test manifested no publication bias.ConclusionsIn summary, Xpert Bladder Cancer presents high accuracy and specificity in monitoring bladder cancer compared with cystoscopy. More researches are still required to further confirm this conclusion.
Clinicopathological factors affecting the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Jiang Lin , Ma Zhiqiang , Ye Xin , Kang Weiming , Yu Jianchun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important part of the comprehensive treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC). The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays a key role in the prognosis of GC patients. Pathological response can represent the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, evidence focused on pathological response and associated clinicopathological factors in GC patients is quite little. In this retrospective study, the clinicopathological factors affecting the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in GC patients were investigated, and suggestions were proposed to improve the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on GC.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on GC patients who received radical surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from February 2016 to December 2019 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Relevant clinicopathological data was collected to analyze the factors influencing the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the cutoff value of variables which significantly influenced the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Results
A total of 203 GC patients were included in the study. Analyses showed that patients < 60 years old (OR = 1.840 [1.016–3.332], P = 0.044), histological type of poor differentiation or signet-ring cell carcinoma (OR = 2.606 [1.321–5.140], P = 0.006), and weight loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR = 2.110 [1.161–3.834], P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect. In ROC analysis of weight change and neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect, area under the curve (AUC) was 0.593 (P = 0.024) and cutoff value of weight change was − 2.95%. Chi-square test showed that patients without weight loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a higher rate of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) than patients with weight loss (P = 0.039).

Conclusions
Patients <60 years old, histological type of poor differentiation or signet-ring cell carcinoma, and weight loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy were independent risk factors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect in GC patients. Patients with weight loss > 2.95% during neoadjuvant may have a worse chemotherapy effect. Timely nutritional support such as ONS to maintain patients’ body weight is crucial for improving the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Diesel exhaust particles alter the profile and function of the gut microbiota upon subchronic oral administration in mice
Authors: van den Brule Sybille , Rappe Margaux , Ambroise Jérôme , Bouzin Caroline , Dessy Chantal , Paquot Adrien , Muccioli Giulio G. , Lison Dominique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmbient air pollution by particulate matters, including diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is a major cause of cardiovascular and metabolic mortality worldwide. The mechanisms by which DEP cause these adverse outcomes are not completely understood. Because the gut microbiota controls cardiovascular and metabolic health, we hypothesized that the fraction of inhaled DEP which reach the gut after mucociliary clearance and swallowing might induce gut dysbiosis and, in turn, contribute to aggravate or induce cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.ResultsFemaleApoE−/−mice fed a Western diet, and wild-type (C57Bl/6) mice fed standard diet were gavaged with DEP (SRM2975) doses corresponding to mucociliary clearance from inhalation exposure (200 or 1000 ng/day, 3 times a week for 3 months; and 40, 200 or 1000 ng/day, 3 times a week for 6 months, respectively). No mortality, overt systemic or digestive toxicity was observed. A dose-dependent alteration of the gut microbiota was recorded in both strains. InApoE−/−, β-diversity was modified by DEP, but no significant modification of the relative abundance of the phyla, families or genera was identified. In C57BL/6 mice, DEP reduced α-diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices), and modified β-diversity, including a reduction of the Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria phyla, and an increase of the Campylobacterota phylum. In both mouse models, perturbation of the gut microbiota composition was associated with a dose-dependent reduction of bacterial short chain fatty acids (butyrate and propionate) in cecal content. However, DEP ingestion did not aggravate (ApoE−/−), or induce (C57BL/6 mice) atherosclerotic plaques, and no metabolic alteration (glucose tolerance, resistance to insulin, or lipidemia) was recorded.ConclusionsWe show here that oral exposure to DEP, at doses relevant for human health, changes the composition and function of the gut microbiota. These modifications were, however, not translated into ultimate atherosclerotic or metabolic outcomes.
Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease
Authors: Cândido Marcus Vinicius , Syrjä Pernillä , Hanifeh Mohsen , Lepajõe Jaan , Salla Kati , Kilpinen Susanne , Noble Peter-John Mäntylä , Spillmann Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is uncommon in dogs, except in predisposed breeds such as Belgian Shepherd dogs (BSD) of the Tervuren and Groenendael varieties. When GC is diagnosed in dogs it is often late in the disease, resulting in a poorer prognosis. The aim of this prospective clinical study was to investigate possible associations of gastric mucosal pathologies with clinical signs, laboratory test results and GC in BSD. An online survey gathered epidemiological data to generate potential risk factors for vomiting as the predominant gastric clinical sign, and supported patient recruitment for endoscopy. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI) score and signs of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) were used to allocate BSD older than five years to either Group A, with signs of gastric disease, or Group B, without signs. Findings in the clinical history, laboratory tests and gastric histopathology of endoscopic biopsies were statistically analysed in search of associations.

Results
The online survey included 232 responses. Logistic regression analysis recognized an association of vomiting with gagging, poor appetite and change in attitude. Recruitment for endoscopy included 16 BSD in Group A (mean age 9.1 ± 1.8 years, mean CCECAI = 3.1 ± 2.2 and signs of GER); and 11 in Group B (mean age 9.8 ± 1.4 years, CCECAI = 0, no signs of GER). Seven (25.9%) of the 27 BSD (Group A 4/16, Group B 3/11) had leukopenia. Serum C-reactive protein tended to be increased with more advanced GC (P = 0.063). Frequency of GC, mucosal atrophy, mucous metaplasia, or glandular dysplasia did not differ between groups. GC was frequently diagnosed (6/27), even without clinical signs (2/11). The odds ratio for vomiting (OR = 9.9; P = 0.016) was increased only when glandular dysplasia was present. GC was associated with mucous metaplasia (P = 0.024) and glandular dysplasia (P = 0.006), but not with mucosal atrophy (P = 1).

Conclusions
GC can develop as an occult disease, associated with metaplasia and dysplasia of the gastric mucosa. Suggestive clinical signs, notably vomiting, should warrant timely endoscopy in BSD. Extensive endoscopic screening of asymptomatic dogs remains, however, unrealistic. Therefore, biomarkers of mucosal pathology preceding clinical illness are needed to support an indication for endoscopy and enable early diagnosis of GC.
HOXA10 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition to promote gastric cancer metastasis partly via modulation of TGFB2/Smad/METTL3 signaling axis
Authors: Song Chenlong , Zhou Chongzhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Homeobox A10 (HOXA10) belongs to the HOX gene family, which plays an essential role in embryonic development and tumor progression. We previously demonstrated that HOXA10 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and promoted GC cell proliferation. This study was designed to investigate the role of HOXA10 in GC metastasis and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of HOXA10 in GC. In vitro cell migration and invasion assays as well as in vivo mice metastatic models were utilized to investigate the effects of HOXA10 on GC metastasis. GSEA, western blot, qRT-PCR and confocal immunofluorescence experiments preliminarily analyzed the relationship between HOXA10 and EMT. ChIP-qPCR, dual-luciferase reporter (DLR), co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP), colorimetric m6A assay and mice lung metastasis rescue models were performed to explore the mechanism by which HOXA10 accelerated the EMT process in GC.

Results
In this study, we demonstrated HOXA10 was upregulated in GC patients and the difference was even more pronounced in patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) than without. Functionally, HOXA10 promoted migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and accelerated lung metastasis in vivo. EMT was an important mechanism responsible for HOXA10-involved metastasis. Mechanistically, we revealed HOXA10 enriched in the TGFB2 promoter region, promoted transcription, increased secretion, thus triggered the activation of TGFβ/Smad signaling with subsequent enhancement of Smad2/3 nuclear expression. Moreover, HOXA10 upregulation elevated m6A level and METTL3 expression in GC cells possible by regulating the TGFB2/Smad pathway. CoIP and ChIP-qPCR experiments demonstrated that Smad proteins played an important role in mediating METTL3 expression. Furthermore, we found HOXA10 and METTL3 were clinically relevant, and METTL3 was responsible for the HOXA10-mediated EMT process by performing rescue experiments with western blot and in vivo mice lung metastatic models.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated the essential role of the HOXA10/TGFB2/Smad/METTL3 signaling axis in GC progression and metastasis.
Prospective pathway signaling and prognostic values of MicroRNA-9 in ovarian cancer based on gene expression omnibus (GEO): a bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zuo Li , Li Xiaoli , Tan Yue , Zhu Hailong , Xiao Mi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the development of ovarian cancer (OC). The aim of this study to investigate the prognostic value and potential signaling pathways of hsa-miR-9-5p (miR-9) in OC through literature review and bioinformatics methods.

Methods
The expression of miR-9 in OC was assessed using the public datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. And a literature review was also performed to investigate the correlation between miR-9 expression and the OC prognosis. Two mRNA datasets (GSE18520 and GSE36668) of OC tissues and normal ovarian tissues (NOTs) were downloaded from GEO to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The target genes of hsa-miR-9-5p (TG-miR-9-5p) were predicted using miRWALK3.0 and TargetScan. Then the gene overlaps between DEGs in OC and the predicted TG-miR-9-5p were confirmed using a Venn diagram. After that, overlapping genes were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Finally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape, and the impact of hub genes on OC prognosis was analyzed.

Results
It was found that OC patients with miR-9 low expression had poor prognosis. A total of 107 DEGs related to both OC and miR-9 were identified. Dozens of DEGs were enriched in developmental process, extracellular matrix structural constituent, cell junction, axon guidance. In the PPI network analysis, 5 of the top 10 hub genes was significantly associated with decreased overall survival of OC patients, namely FBN1 (HR = 1.64, P < 0.05), PRRX1 (HR = 1.76, P < 0.05), SMC2 (HR = 1.22, P < 0.05), SMC4 (HR = 1.31, P < 0.05), and VCAN (HR = 1.48, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Low expression of miR-9 indicates poor prognosis of OC patients. MiR-9 plays a crucial role in the biological process of OC by binding to target genes, thus affecting the prognosis of patients.
Epigenetic regulation of retinal development
Authors: Raeisossadati Reza , Ferrari Merari F. R. , Kihara Alexandre Hiroaki , AlDiri Issam , Gross Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the developing vertebrate retina, retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) proliferate and give rise to terminally differentiated neurons with exquisite spatio-temporal precision. Lineage commitment, fate determination and terminal differentiation are controlled by intricate crosstalk between the genome and epigenome. Indeed, epigenetic regulation plays pivotal roles in numerous cell fate specification and differentiation events in the retina. Moreover, aberrant chromatin structure can contribute to developmental disorders and retinal pathologies. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of epigenetic regulation in the retina. We also provide insight into several aspects of epigenetic-related regulation that should be investigated in future studies of retinal development and disease. Importantly, focusing on these mechanisms could contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies targeting a variety of retinal disorders.
Clinical judgement in chest pain: a case report
Authors: Goel Mishita , Dhillon Shubhkarman , Kumar Sarwan , Tegeltija Vesna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Cardiac stress testing is a validated diagnostic tool to assess symptomatic patients with intermediate pretest probability of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, in some cases, the cardiac stress test may provide inconclusive results and the decision for further workup typically depends on the clinical judgement of the physician. These decisions can greatly affect patient outcomes.

Case presentation
We present an interesting case of a 54-year-old Caucasian male with history of tobacco use and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who presented with atypical chest pain. He had an asymptomatic electrocardiogram (EKG) stress test with intermediate probability of ischemia. Further workup with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac catheterization revealed multivessel CAD requiring a bypass surgery. In this case, the patient only had a history of tobacco use but no other significant comorbidities. He was clinically stable during his hospital stay and his testing was anticipated to be negative. However to complete workup, cardiology recommended anatomical testing with CCTA given the indeterminate EKG stress test results but the results of significant stenosis were surprising with the patient eventually requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Conclusion
As a result of the availability of multiple noninvasive diagnostic tests with almost similar sensitivities for CAD, physicians often face this dilemma of choosing the right test for optimal evaluation of chest pain in patients with intermediate pretest probability of CAD. Optimal test selection requires an individualized patient approach. Our experience with this case emphasizes the role of history taking, clinical judgement, and the risk/benefit ratio in deciding further workup when faced with inconclusive stress test results. Physicians should have a lower threshold for further workup of patients with inconclusive or even negative stress test results because of the diagnostic limitations of the test. Instead, utilizing a different, anatomical test may be more valuable. Specifically, the case established the usefulness of CCTA in cases such as this where other CAD diagnostic testing is indeterminate.
Technology acceptance of four digital learning technologies (classroom response system, classroom chat, e-lectures, and mobile virtual reality) after three months’ usage
Authors: Sprenger David A. , Schwaninger Adrian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDigital technologies have gained much popularity in education thanks to the cost efficiency they gain through scalability. While the acceptance of some of these new digital technologies has been investigated, there are few direct comparisons. The most established model for measuring acceptance is the technology acceptance model, which can predict the behavioral intention to use the technology. We compared four digital learning technologies (e-lectures, classroom response system, classroom chat, and mobile virtual reality) in terms of their technology acceptance. The classroom response system had the highest level of acceptance. It was closely followed by e-lectures, then the classroom chat and then mobile virtual reality. The students evaluated all tools favorably before and after usage, except for mobile virtual reality, which saw a substantial drop in perceived usefulness and behavioral intention after 3 months’ usage.
α-Linolenic acid induces clearance of Tau seeds via Actin-remodeling in Microglia
Authors: Desale Smita Eknath , Chinnathambi Subashchandrabose 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is known by characteristic features, extracellular burden of amyloid-β and intracellular neuronal Tau. Microglia, the innate immune cell of the brain has the ability to clear the burden of accumulated proteinsviaphagocytosis. But the excessive proinflammatory cytokine production, altered cellular signaling and actin remodeling hampers the process of migration and phagocytosis by microglia. Actin remodeling is necessary to initiate the chemotactic migration of microglia towards the target and engulf it. The formation of lamellipodia, filopodia, membrane ruffling and rapid turnover of F-actin is necessary to sense the extracellular target by the cells. Omega-3 fatty acids, are known to impose anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia by enhancing its ability for migration and phagocytosis. But the role of omega-3 fatty acids in cellular actin remodeling, which is the basis of cellular functions such as migration and phagocytosis, is not well understood. Here, we have focused on the effect of dietary supplement of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on extracellular Tau internalization and assisted actin polymerization for the process. ALA is found to induce membrane ruffling and phagocytic cup formation along with cytoskeletal rearrangement. ALA also enhances the localization of Arp2/3 complex at the leading edge and its colocalization with F-actin to induce the actin polymerization. The excessive actin polymerization might help the cell to protrude forward and perform its migration. The results suggest that dietary supplement of ALA could play a neuroprotective role and slow down the AD pathology.
Incriminating Empire
Authors: Mole Gregory 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article explores the political fallout from the 1766 execution of the comte de Lally, who oversaw the failed defense of France's Indian colonies during the Seven Years' War. Accused of treason by administrators of the French East India Company, Lally emerged as a source of controversy in the final decades of the Old Regime. As critics and apologists clashed over the legality of Lally's execution, questions about the nature of his “crime” gave way to a broader debate over the meaning and limits of company sovereignty under France's absolutist state. This conflict remained unresolved into the French Revolution. The Lally affair provides a window into the nebulous relationship that developed between the crown, the company, and the emergent French nation, laying bare the many faces of empire that confronted France during the eighteenth century.Cet article explore les retombées politiques de l'exécution du comte de Lally, l'homme qui commandait les colonies des Indes orientales françaises durant la guerre de Sept Ans. Accusé de trahison par la Compagnie des Indes, Lally représentait une source de controverse à la fin de l'Ancien Régime. Tandis que les critiques et les apologistes contestaient la légalité de son exécution, la question de la culpabilité de Lally incita un débat plus général sur la nature de la souveraineté de la Compagnie sous l'Etat absolutiste. Ce débat restait non résolu durant la Révolution française. L'affaire Lally souligne les liens nébuleux parmi la Compagnie, la monarchie, et la nation française. Elle révèle également les multiples incarnations de l'Empire français au cours du dix-huitième siècle.
Buddhist Epigraphy and Traditions of Writing in the Northern Dynasties
Authors: Davis Jordan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over the past several decades, hundreds of donor inscriptions (zaoxiangji 造像記) and works of Buddhist epigraphy have been discovered, making them an abundant historical source on medieval China. To date, research related to these artifacts has mainly concentrated on the religious and political function of these inscriptions. This article, considering the literary and cultural aspects of these pieces, investigates how Buddhist epigraphy can be used to trace the development of traditions of writing during the Northern Dynasties period. It starts by analyzing a seldom-researched inscription, “Dangchanggong Huifusi bei” 宕昌公暉福寺碑 (The Duke of Dangchang's Huifu Temple Stele), and then examines its historical and cultural context. The article continues with an investigation into the common trends found in Northern Dynasties epigraphy by comparing “Dangchanggong Huifusi bei” with other pieces of extant Buddhist inscriptions. The analysis explores the literary characteristics of these works, the political and social background of their creation, and the culture associated with such inscriptions.