bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Density RDL Technologies for Panel Level Packaging of Embedded Dies
Authors: Boettcher Lars , Kosmider S. , Schein F. , Kahle R. , Ostmann A. 
Published: July 2021

The ongoing miniaturization and functional heterogeneity in electronics packaging are pushing the demand for advanced substrate technologies. Highly integrated, advanced multi-chip packaging solutions combine application, logic and computing dies with memory or components for power management in a single package. A solution to achieve low fabrication costs is the close embedding of thin dies in IC Substrates based on large formats (600 x 600 mm²), known from PCB fabrication. In a consortium of partners from industry and research advanced technologies for Panel Level Packaging (PLP) are developed.
This paper will show the development of 5µm L/S RDL routing density and chips with 50µm bump pitch. Here, the 6x6 mm² dies are symmetrically embedded into an organic laminate matrix. A PCB core (100µm thickness) with very low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) containing laser cut cavities is used, acting as a frame layer. Besides mechanical and handling stability, the usage of such a frame offers the advantage of pre-integrating additional features like local fiducials, through vias or power lines by conventional PCB processes. Within that frame, the dies are embedded by lamination of an organic build-up film with 25µm thickness equal to bump height. The chip contacts are then opened without the need of any micro via formation. Here a strong focus is set on RIE etching of the polymer material.
Highly accurate measurement of the real die position is essential for the following processing. The formation of the redistribution layer (RDL) is done in a semi-additive process (SAP) utilizing sputtering technique and direct imaging (LDI). To achieve the fine pitch demands, an adaptive imaging process is applied. Therefore, a newly developed LDI machine is used to write structures in a 7µm photoresist. This exposure also combines the measurement data of the real die position and the adaption of the exposure artwork, in order to achieve highest registration quality.
Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat Dalam Deversifikasi Pangan Melalui Pelatihan Aplikatif Dan Teknologi Pengolahan Pembuatan Bakage (Bakso Ikan Gedi) Di Kecamatan Tibawa Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Taha Siswatiana Rahim , Mukhtar Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah Memberikan pelatihan kepada masyarakat desa khususnya ibu-ibu tentang pembuatan bakso home made yang bahan dasarnya mudah didapat dan sering jadi limbah,. Terkait dengan perannya terhadap pemantapan ketahanan pangan hewani dan pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pedesaan serta memacu pengembangan wilayah. Ikan di kenal sebagai biota laut yang sangat di gemari yang menghasilkan daging maupun telurnya digemari oleh masyarakat. Selain harganya relative murah, ikan merupakan sumber protein yang baik, karena mengandung asam amino essensial yang lengkap dan dalam perbandingan jumlah yang baik. Salah satu (by product) yang di hasilkan dari laut selain danau adalah ikan dengan berbagai macam jenis. Data statistik pertanian tahun 2003 menunjukkan bahwa produksi ikan Gorontalo sebanyak 973.000 ton selama tahun 2019. Gorontalo Utara merupakan daerah penyuplai ikan kedaerah Sulut Usaha pemanfaatan ikan dan tepung sayur gedi belum pernah dilakukan sehingga kemampuan penyediaan pangan yang murah dan berkualitas masih rendah. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Tibawa Kabupaten Gorontalo. Hasil pengabdian ini menunjukan bahwa Program kerja KKN Kampus Merdeka yang terdiri dari, pelaksanaan sosialisasi tentang pelatihan pemanfaatan tanaman pangan dan pangan hewani menjadi suatu pangan yang memiliki kualitas gizi tinggi yang dapat di manfaatkan pada masa pandemi. Bakso dengan bahan dasar ikan dapat dijadikan kreasi untuk menjadi makanan jajanan yang bergizi yang dicampur dengan sayuran berwarna atau pewarna makanan yang alami yang banyak ditanam dan dijual di pasar, sehingga bias menambah variasi warna yang alami untuk bakso. Daun gedi sebagai bahan tambahan pada bakso ikan memberi pengaruh terhadap kualitas bakso, baik pada organoleptik (warna, aroma, tekstur, maupun rasa), dengan konsentrasi 400 gr masihdapat diterima panelis ataupun konsumen.
Pemberdayaan Warga Masyarakat Dalam Menerapkan Phbs Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Desa Dunggala Kecamatan Tapa Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Authors: Saleh Meylan , Hasim Evi , Pulukadang Wiwy Trianty 
Published: July 2021

Kesehatan merupakan kondisi dimana kita berada jauh atau terbebas dari penyakit. Merupakan suatu yang mahal jika dibandingkan dengan hal-hal yang lain. Mencegah sakit adalah lebih mudah dan murah dari pada mengobati seseorang apabila jatuh sakit. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah hal tersebut adalah dengan bergaya hidup sehat. Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) adalah sekumpulan perilaku yang dipraktikkan atas dasar kesadaran sebagai hasil pembelajaran, yang menjadikan seseorang, keluarga atau masyarakat mampu menolong dirinya sendiri (mandiri) di bidang kesehatan dan berperan aktif dalam mewujudkan kesehatan masyarakat. PHBS adalah semua perilaku kesehatan yang di lakukan atas kesadaran sehingga anggota keluarga atau keluarga dapat menolong dirinya sendiri di bidang kesehatan dan berperan aktif dalam kegiatan-kegiatan kesehatan di masyarakat. Prilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan prilaku yang dipraktekkan oleh setiap individu dengan kesadaran sendiri untuk meningkatkan kesehatannya dan berperan aktif dalam mewujudkan lingkungan yang sehat.
An Optical Overview of Blazars with LAMOST. II. Gamma-Ray Blazar Candidates and Updated Classifications
Authors: Peña-Herazo Harold A. , Massaro Francesco , Gu Minfeng , Paggi Alessandro , Landoni Marco , D’Abrusco Raffaele , Ricci Federica , Masetti Nicola , Chavushyan Vahram 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Blazars represent the dominant class of associated γ-ray sources detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). However, in the more recent release of the Fourth Fermi-LAT Point Source Catalog (4FGL), ∼25% of the sources associated with lower-energy counterparts show a multifrequency behavior similar to that of blazars, but lacks an optical spectroscopic confirmation of their nature and are therefore classified as Blazar Candidates of Uncertain Type (BCUs). A particularly challenging task in blazar studies is to classify these BCUs and, when possible to estimate their redshifts, in particular for BL Lac objects, characterized by almost featureless optical spectra with only weak emission lines. Continuing our study of blazars with Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) optical spectral data, we perform an extensive search for optical spectra available in the LAMOST Data Release 6 archive. Our aim is confirming the blazar nature of BCUs and to test if new data can allow us to get a redshift estimate for BL Lac objects that lack measurement, as well as to search for and discover changing-look blazars. We selected sources out of the 4FGL catalog, the list of targets from our follow-up spectroscopic campaign of unidentified and/or unassociated γ-ray sources, and the Roma-BZCAT multifrequency catalog of blazars, finding a total of 42 sources with available LAMOST DR6 spectra. We confirmed the blazar-like nature of four blazar candidates . For the remaining 37 sources we confirm their previous classification.
Speckle Observations of TESS Exoplanet Host Stars. II. Stellar Companions at 1–1000 au and Implications for Small Planet Detection
Authors: Lester Kathryn V. , Matson Rachel A. , Howell Steve B. , Furlan Elise , Gnilka Crystal L. , Scott Nicholas J. , Ciardi David R. , Everett Mark E. , Hartman Zachary D. , Hirsch Lea A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present high-angular-resolution imaging observations of 517 host stars of TESS exoplanet candidates using the ‘Alopeke and Zorro speckle cameras at Gemini North and South. The sample consists mainly of bright F, G, K stars at distances of less than 500 pc. Our speckle observations span angular resolutions of ∼20 mas out to 1.″2, yielding spatial resolutions of <10–500 au for most stars, and our contrast limits can detect companion stars 5–9 mag fainter than the primary at optical wavelengths. We detect 102 close stellar companions and determine the separation, magnitude difference, mass ratio, and estimated orbital period for each system. Our observations of exoplanet host star binaries reveal that they have wider separations than field binaries, with a mean orbital semimajor axis near 100 au. Other imaging studies have suggested this dearth of very closely separated binaries in systems which host exoplanets, but incompleteness at small separations makes it difficult to disentangle unobserved companions from a true lack of companions. With our improved angular resolution and sensitivity, we confirm that this lack of close exoplanet host binaries is indeed real. We also search for a correlation between planetary orbital radii versus binary star separation; but, given the very short orbital periods of the TESS planets, we do not find any clear trend. We do note that in exoplanet systems containing binary host stars, there is an observational bias against detecting Earth-size planet transits due to transit depth dilution caused by the companion star.
Evolution of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Complexity: A Numerical Study through a Swarm of Simulated Spacecraft
Authors: Scolini Camilla , Winslow Reka M. , Lugaz Noé , Poedts Stefaan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In-situ measurements carried out by spacecraft in radial alignment are critical to advance our knowledge on the evolutionary behavior of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their magnetic structures during propagation through interplanetary space. Yet, the scarcity of radially aligned CME crossings restricts investigations on the evolution of CME magnetic structures to a few case studies, preventing a comprehensive understanding of CME complexity changes during propagation. In this Letter, we perform numerical simulations of CMEs interacting with different solar wind streams using the linear force-free spheromak CME model incorporated into the EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset model. The novelty of our approach lies in the investigation of the evolution of CME complexity using a swarm of radially aligned, simulated spacecraft. Our scope is to determine under which conditions, and to what extent, CMEs exhibit variations of their magnetic structure and complexity during propagation, as measured by spacecraft that are radially aligned. Results indicate that the interaction with large-scale solar wind structures, and particularly with stream interaction regions, doubles the probability to detect an increase of the CME magnetic complexity between two spacecraft in radial alignment, compared to cases without such interactions. This work represents the first attempt to quantify the probability of detecting complexity changes in CME magnetic structures by spacecraft in radial alignment using numerical simulations, and it provides support to the interpretation of multi-point CME observations involving past, current (such as Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter), and future missions.
Probabilistic Reconstruction of Type Ia Supernova SN 2002bo
Authors: O’Brien John T. , Kerzendorf Wolfgang E. , Fullard Andrew , Williamson Marc , Pakmor Rüdiger , Buchner Johannes , Hachinger Stephan , Vogl Christian , Gillanders James H. , Flörs Andreas , van der Smagt Patrick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Manual fits to spectral times series of Type Ia supernovae have provided a method of reconstructing the explosion from a parametric model but due to lack of information about model uncertainties or parameter degeneracies direct comparison between theory and observation is difficult. In order to mitigate this important problem we present a new way to probabilistically reconstruct the outer ejecta of the normal Type Ia supernova SN 2002bo. A single epoch spectrum, taken 10 days before maximum light, is fit by a 13-parameter model describing the elemental composition of the ejecta and the explosion physics (density, temperature, velocity, and explosion epoch). Model evaluation is performed through the application of a novel rapid spectral synthesis technique in which the radiative transfer code, TARDIS, is accelerated by a machine-learning framework. Analysis of the posterior distribution reveals a complex and degenerate parameter space and allows direct comparison to various hydrodynamic models. Our analysis favors detonation over deflagration scenarios and we find that our technique offers a novel way to compare simulation to observation.
Testing the Speed of Light Variation with Strong Gravitational Lensing of SNe 1a
Authors: Gupta Rajendra P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The constancy of the speed of light c is the foundation of most physical theories and is found to be indeed constant from local measurements. Whether or not the same is true at cosmological timescale has been of interest for some time. The measurement of time delay difference in the peaking of the luminosity between two gravitationally lensed images of a type 1a-supernova has recently been proposed to determine if c was different from its current value at the time the images were produced by a lensing galaxy. Since the geometrical time delay and the Shapiro time delay both scale as G/c
3 we show that this method of constraining c is valid only when the potential variation of the gravitational constant G is ignored: c variation is imperceptible when G ∼ c
3.
Detection and Removal of Periodic Noise in Kepler/K2 Photometry with Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Clarke Riley W. , Bianco Federica , Gizis John 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present a novel method for detrending systematic noise from time series data using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in Fast Fourier Transforms. This method is demonstrated on time series data obtained from the inaugural campaign of the Kepler K2 mission, as well as three objects of interest from Campaign 4. Unlike previous detrending techniques that utilize PCA, this method performs the detrending in Fourier space rather than temporal space. The advantage of performing the analysis in frequency space is that the technique is sensitive purely to the periodicity of the unwanted signal and not to its morphological characteristics. This method could improve measurements of low signal-to-noise photometric features by reducing systematics. We also discuss challenges and limitations associated with this technique.
Habitability of Martian Noachian Hydrothermal Systems as Constrained by a Terrestrial Analog on the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Crandall Jake R. , Filiberto Justin , Castle Nicholas , Potter-McIntyre Sally L. , Schwenzer Susanne P. , Olsson-Francis Karen , Perl Scott 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Volcanic features and impact craters are ubiquitous features on Mars, and hydrothermal systems associated with the production of these features should have been abundant in Mars’s early history. These hydrothermal systems represent potentially habitable environments and are therefore a high priority for continued investigations of the Martian crust. Here we present a Mars analog study where basaltic magma intruded water-bearing sediments to produce a high-temperature (as high as ∼700°C) hydrothermal system, which we use to constrain the potential habitability of similar systems on Mars via mineralogy and geochemistry including S, C, and O isotopic systematics. Our analog site suggests evidence for a habitable environment once the system cooled below 120°C and the potential presence of microbial activity based on the combination of dolomite and C-isotopic systems in the same sample. These findings highlight the importance of future missions to investigate the interface of sediments with magmas and/or late-stage impact melts where microbial life may have taken hold when temperature conditions allowed.
Correlation between Soil-transmitted Helminths and Anemia Incidence in Primary School Children in Talawi, Batubara Regency
Authors: Wijaya Willhans , Pasaribu Ayodhia Pitaloka , Yanni Gema Nazri , Suteno Erwin , Husin Nirmala , Pasaribu Syahril 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections is high in developing countries, especially in school children. STH infections can lead to anemia.

AIM: The aim of the study was to observe the correlation between STH infections and anemia cases in primary school children.

METHODS: Analytical observation with a cross-sectional method was carried out by retrieving data from the health service unit in Talawi. Research samples were primary school children, grouped into STH infected and uninfected groups. The data were analyzed using continuity correction and Fisher’s exact tests.

RESULTS: From 384 research subjects, 35.9% children were infected with STH and 22.5% of them suffered from anemia. The prevalence of STH infections was consisted of 76.8% Trichuris trichiura, 10.9% Ascaris lumbricoides, 0.7% hookworms, and 11.6% had mixed infections. Anemia was significantly correlated to STH infections and the intensity of T. trichiura infection (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 4.5 (2.3–8.6) and 3.6 (1.2–10.9) respectively).

CONCLUSION: Anemia was positively correlated with STH infections and the intensity of T. trichiura infection.
The Use of the Health Belief Model to Assess U.S. College Students’ Perceptions of Covid-19 and Adherence to Preventive Measures
Authors: Alsulaiman Saud A. , Rentner Terry L. 
Published: July 2021

Background This study utilized the Health Belief Model to examine college students’ perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It examined the extent to which the Health Belief Model and perceived threat are associated with the adoption of COVID-19 preventive measures among college students. Design and methods An online questionnaire was utilized and sent to a simple random sample of college students at a large Midwestern university in the United States between May and July of 2020. The number of undergraduate and graduate students who participated in this study was 1,723. Results The study found that the Health Belief Model and perceived threat are significantly associated with COVID-19 preventive measures. College students with higher Health Belief Model scores were more likely to adhere to COVID-19 preventive measures than those with lower scores. College students also reported high cues to action and low perceived barriers to most of the COVID-19 preventive measures. Conclusion Applying the Health Belief Model is crucial for health professionals and university administrators for developing effective communication messages for COVID-19 prevention and future health outbreaks.
Vascular tangle in the inter-atrial septum – Is it the source of cardiac myxoma?
Authors: Vaideeswar Pradeep , Yadav Subhash 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Cardiac myxomas (CMs) are the most common primary tumors of the heart, said to be derived from pluripotent cardiac stem cells. They are most often attached to the left side of the inter-atrial septum (IAS) and a feature noted at the site of attachment is a conglomeration of thick-walled vessels that has been noted to precede the development of myxomas.

Aims:
The present study was conducted to compare histology of the normal inter-atrial septa to the septal flap excised with the myxomas and to evaluate the significance of this 'vascular tangle' in the histogenesis of these tumors.

Materials and Methods:
In a 10-year retrospective analysis of all surgically excised CMs, tumors with attached septal sleeves were selected. This histology was compared to the serial sections of 25 normal age-matched septa obtained from normal hearts at autopsy.

Results:
Of the 56 myxomas seen in 10 years, 38 tumors (all left atrial in location) were received with a flap of the IAS. All of these cases, irrespective of the sizes of the tumor, showed the presence of conglomeration of thick-walled blood vessels, many of which showed abrupt myxoid change in their walls. Another noteworthy feature in many vessels in all flaps was migration of the myxoid tissue through the vascular walls and the endocardium to mushroom out into the atrial lumen. Such vascular channels were not seen in any of the normal IAS.

Conclusions:
Based on these findings, we propose a two-step hypothesis: an initial step that stimulates the pluripotent cells toward vasculogenesis with endothelial and smooth muscle differentiation, and a subsequent step leads to production of abundant mucopolysaccharides that splay apart the smooth muscle cells, which would explain rings, cords or nests of myxoma cells around endothelial lined spaces.
Evolution of pathology teaching for MBBS students during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sramana , Joshi Deepti , Goel Garima , Singhai Abhishek , Kapoor Neelkamal 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has forced university hospitals to forego traditional classes and embrace online teaching platforms as the sole modality of medical education. Herein, we describe our experience of shifting from the arena of a real to a virtual classroom during the lockdown phase. Materials and

Methods:
The institutional subscription of G-suite was used for creating a virtual Google classroom. Google Calendar, Google Meet, and Google Forms were used for notification of schedules, conducting theory and practical classes, and conducting assessments, respectively. The learner-centric SNAPPS model was adapted for an interactive case-based learning (CBL) program using multimedia tools. Students' perspective on online education was assessed based on their responses to a validated questionnaire.

Results:
The conduction of online classes, particularly the live practical classes and the CBL program got the maximum affirmative (up to 85%) responses. Students of the same batch also performed better in a test following the online CBL (77.03% vs 73.3%, P = 0.03, paired t-test statistically significant) compared to a test before it. However, access to laptops and poor Internet connectivity were significant causes of concern for nearly 40% of students.

Conclusion:
The use of virtual classroom has proved to be an efficient method for continuing teaching of Pathology to MBBS students in times of lockdown when face-to-face conventional teaching was not possible. The experience indicated that in the future a judicious mixture of traditional and online classes may be a more effective educational design for teaching Pathology to MBBS students.