bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Biofeedback Types for Children With Residual /ɹ/ Errors in American English: A Single-Case Randomization Design
Authors: Benway Nina R. , Hitchcock Elaine R. , McAllister Tara , Feeny Graham Tomkins , Hill Jennifer , Preston Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Research comparing different biofeedback types could lead to individualized treatments for those with residual speech errors. This study examines within-treatment response to ultrasound and visual-acoustic biofeedback, as well as generalization to untrained words, for errors affecting the American English rhotic /ɹ/. We investigated whether some children demonstrated greater improvement in /ɹ/ during ultrasound or visual-acoustic biofeedback. Each participant received both biofeedback types. Individual predictors of treatment response (i.e., age, auditory-perceptual skill, oral somatosensory skill, and growth mindset) were also explored.

Method
Seven children ages 9–16 years with residual rhotic errors participated in 10 treatment visits. Each visit consisted of two conditions: 45 min of ultrasound biofeedback and 45 min of visual-acoustic biofeedback. The order of biofeedback conditions was randomized within a single-case experimental design. Acquisition of /ɹ/ was evaluated through acoustic measurements (normalized F3–F2 difference) of selected nonbiofeedback productions during practice. Generalization of /ɹ/ was evaluated through acoustic measurements and perceptual ratings of pretreatment/posttreatment probes.

Results
Five participants demonstrated acquisition of practiced words during the combined treatment package. Three participants demonstrated a clinically significant degree of generalization to untreated words on posttreatment probes. Randomization tests indicated one participant demonstrated a significant advantage for visual-acoustic over ultrasound biofeedback. Participants' auditory-perceptual acuity on an /ɹ/−/w/ identification task was identified as a possible correlate of generalization following treatment.

Conclusions
Most participants did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in acoustic productions between the ultrasound and visual-acoustic conditions, but one participant showed greater improvement in /ɹ/ during visual-acoustic biofeedback.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14881101
Extending Ultrasound Tongue Shape Complexity Measures to Speech Development and Disorders
Authors: Kabakoff Heather , Harel Daphna , Tiede Mark , Whalen D. H. , McAllister Tara 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Generalizations can be made about the order in which speech sounds are added to a child's phonemic inventory and the ways that child speech deviates from adult targets in a given language. Developmental and disordered speech patterns are presumed to reflect differences in both phonological knowledge and skilled motor control, but the relative contribution of motor control remains unknown. The ability to differentially control anterior versus posterior regions of the tongue increases with age, and thus, complexity of tongue shapes is believed to reflect an individual's capacity for skilled motor control of speech structures.

Method
The current study explored the relationship between tongue complexity and phonemic development in children (ages 4–6 years) with and without speech sound disorder producing various phonemes. Using established metrics of tongue complexity derived from ultrasound images, we tested whether tongue complexity incrementally increased with age in typical development, whether tongue complexity differed between children with and without speech sound disorder, and whether tongue complexity differed based on perceptually rated accuracy (correct vs. incorrect) for late-developing phonemes in both diagnostic groups.

Results
Contrary to hypothesis, age was not significantly associated with tongue complexity in our typical child sample, with the exception of one association between age and complexity of /t/ for one measure. Phoneme was a significant predictor of tongue complexity, and typically developing children had more complex tongue shapes for /ɹ/ than children with speech sound disorder. Those /ɹ/ tokens that were rated as perceptually correct had higher tongue complexity than the incorrect tokens, independent of diagnostic classification.

Conclusions
Quantification of tongue complexity can provide a window into articulatory patterns characterizing children's speech development, including differences that are perceptually covert. With the increasing availability of ultrasound imaging, these measures could help identify individuals with a prominent motor component to their speech sound disorder and could help match those individuals with a corresponding motor-based treatment approach.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14880039
Reporting and Reproducibility of Meta-Analysis in Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
Authors: Chow Jason C. , Sjogren Ashlee L. , Zhao Hongyang 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purposes of this meta-review are to (a) articulate the importance of transparency and reproducibility in meta-analysis, (b) assess the transparency and reproducibility of meta-analyses published in journals of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), and (c) discuss the implications of our findings and recommendations for future research.

Method
We conducted a meta-review of all meta-analyses published in ASHA journals through December 31, 2020. Our systematic review yielded 47 meta-analyses for inclusion in this review. We coded all eligible reports on the core elements of transparency and reproducibility in meta-analysis.

Results
Our findings suggest that though reporting tendencies have improved over time, much work is needed to promote transparency and reproducibility in meta-analytic work. Key areas for future accountability include preregistering study protocol, using Preferred Reporting in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklists, providing full data sets, and publishing analytic codes.

Conclusions
The state of reporting in meta-analysis is improving over time. We conclude with a discussion of specific areas that need further attention, and recommendations for researchers to consider when conducting future meta-analyses.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14888481
An estimation framework to quantify railway disruption parameters
Authors: Grandhi Bhagya Shrithi , Chaniotakis Emmanouil , Thomann Stephan , Laube Felix , Antoniou Constantinos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRailway network operations form complex systems. Any disruption adversely impacts the operations, causing long delays. Many studies investigate the effect of a railway incident; however, a holistic quantification is lacking. This study aims to present an estimation framework for flexible traffic management systems, which can help reduce network delays and enable dispatchers to make better‐informed decisions. An incident's impact on the network is estimated by creating a sequence of models, which predict two key variables. Firstly, the incident duration is predicted, which is used to predict the second variable: total delay caused by the incident. Various influencing attributes are examined, such as weather, network and railway‐related attributes. Their relationship with the response variables is studied in order to understand the incident's impact. Using incident data from the Danish Railways, machine learning models are estimated. The results show that neural networks outperform other competing models for total delay modelling, resulting in improved prediction by the estimation framework, thus giving higher accuracy than the stand‐alone models in the study.
Digitale Technologien in der Kieferorthopädie
Authors: Koos Bernd 
Published: July 2021

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,das Spektrum der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung ist geprägt von einer ausgesprochenen Breite und Komplexität, bei der regelmäßig interdisziplinäre Aspekte von entscheidender Bedeutung sind. Dabei gilt auch für die Kieferorthopädie, dass in zunehmendem Maße die digitalen Techniken zu einer Steigerung der Effizienz, aber vor allem auch zu einer Verbesserung der kieferorthopädischen Behandlung im Sinne der Steigerung der medizinischen Qualität, insbesondere auch durch die Vermeidung von unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen, führen können.
Digitale Kiefermodelle – Erstellung und kieferorthopädisch-diagnostische Anwendungen
Authors: Gerhart Catrin , Radeke Johanna , Elkholy Fayez , Schramm Elena , Lapatki Bernd G. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Kieferorthopädie erfuhr besonders in den letzten Jahren sowohl in der Diagnostik als auch in der Therapie großen Zuspruch. Digitale Kiefermodelle können entweder direkt mittels Einscannen der Gipsmodelle oder indirekt mittels Intraoralscan erstellt werden. Auf längere Sicht setzt sich hier sicherlich das Intraoralscanning durch. Die digitalisierten und gegenseitig registrierten Kiefermodelle können mit ausgereiften Softwaretools mittlerweile sehr genau und ohne zeitlichen Mehraufwand ausgewertet werden. Zudem ergeben sich zahlreiche neue Applikationsmöglichkeiten, wie z. B. die Integration mit 3D-Gesichtsscans für dento-faziale 3D-Analysen. Auch das digitale Setup von Kiefermodellen zur Behandlungssimulationen, z. B. bei der Fragestellung Ex- oder Non-Ex-Therapie oder vor kieferchirurgisch-kieferorthopädisch kombinierter Behandlung, ist ein attraktives Anwendungsfeld. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich durch die Verfügbarkeit von digitalen Kiefermodellen faszinierende therapeutische Anwendungen, z. B. im Bereich des indirekten Bracketings oder der Alignertherapie, die in diesem mehr diagnostisch fokussierten Beitrag jedoch nicht näher thematisiert werden.
Digitale Fortschritte in der kombiniert kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgischen Therapie erwachsener Patienten
Authors: Quast Anja , Kauffmann Philipp , Trautmann Johanna , Klenke Daniela , Santander Petra , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der Digitalisierung hat sich auch die Fallplanung im Rahmen kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgischer Therapien verändert. Dabei wird die klassische Modelloperation auf Basis von 2-dimensionalen Röntgenbildern und einartikulierten Gipsmodellen zunehmend durch eine digitale Planung mittels digitaler Volumentomografie, Stereofotogrammetrie und 3-dimensionalen Druckverfahren ersetzt. Als Vorteile werden eine Reduktion von Laborschritten, die damit einhergehende Zeitersparnis und Eliminierung potenzieller Fehlerquellen sowie die verbesserte Visualisierung präoperativer Asymmetrien und des postoperativen Ergebnisses beschrieben. Der Artikel stellt die digitalen Fortschritte und einen möglichen Workflow für die klinische Praxis exemplarisch dar.
MDR-Tuberkulose, Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangel, Husten bei Altenpflegerin
Authors: Hoheisel Andreas , Vogt Geert , Nagel Stephan , Bonitz Andreas , Müller Christian , Köhnlein Thomas , Hoheisel Gerhard 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungMultiresistente Tuberkulosen (MDR-TB) machen zwar einen nur geringen Anteil an der Gesamtzahl aller TB-Erkrankungen aus, durch die erforderliche komplexe Medikation mit potenziell schweren und lebensbedrohlichen Nebenwirkungen, Langzeitfolgen und ungünstigem Verlauf ist jedoch besondere Sorgfalt geboten. Wir berichten über eine 30-jährige Altenpflegerin mit chronischem Husten und angeborenem Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangel (AATM), die an einer MDR-TB erkrankte und erhebliche Medikamenten-Nebenwirkungen erlitt.
Immunmodulation im Cholesteatom
Authors: Leichtle Anke , Leffers David , Daerr Markus Georg , Draf Clara , Kurabi Arwa , Ryan Allen F , Rupp Jan , Bruchhage Karl-Ludwig 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Die Ätiopathogenese der chronischen Otitis media epitympanalis bzw. des Cholesteatoms und ihr proliferierender destruierender Verlauf mit möglichen Komplikationen wie Destruktion der knöchernen Strukturen mit Hörverlust, vestibulärer Dysfunktion, Gesichtsnervenlähmung und intrakraniellen Komplikationen sind immer noch ungeklärt. Die Therapie der Wahl ist nach wie vor die operative Sanierung. Aktuelle Studien befassen sich immer mehr mit dem angeborenen Immunsystem.Methoden Unsere Untersuchungen erfolgten im Mausmodell an WT-Mäusen und immundefizienten KO-Mäusen sowie an Gewebeproben vom Cholesteatom, gesunder Gehörgangshaut und gesunder Mittelohrschleimhaut, die während sanierenden Ohroperationen entnommen wurden. Die Expressionsanalysen erfolgten auf Gen- und Proteinebene mit TNF als Major Target zur Therapieevaluation. Mittels TUNEL-Färbung und Immunhistochemie an Kryoschnitten wurde die Apoptose-Rate durch TNF bestimmt.Ergebnisse Das ungerichtet-expansive Cholesteatomwachstum zeigt ein immunmodulatorisches Profil mit Hoch- und Runterregulation von verschiedenen Gen-Netzwerken, vor allem Molekülen der TNF-Down- und -Upstream-Signalwege. Dabei wird TNF sowohl inflammatorisch als auch apoptotisch moduliert und eignet sich als möglicher Therapieansatz in verschiedenen Modellen.Schlussfolgerungen Es gibt Hinweise auf eine immunmodulatorische Regulation im Cholesteatom.
The Relationship Between Intact Parathyroid Hormone and
25-Hydroxyvitamin D in United Kingdom Resident South Asians and Whites: A
Comparative, Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Coley-Grant Deon , Jawad Mohammed , Ashby Helen L. , Cornes Michael P. , Kumar Bharan , Hallin Magnus , Nightingale Peter G. , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEthnic differences in intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) at similar total 25
hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been reported between US resident
Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, but this has not been studied between South
Asians and Whites. We, therefore, compared the iPTH relationship to 25(OH)D in
UK resident South Asians and Whites. A comparative, cross-sectional
observational study in which demographic and laboratory data on South Asian and
White residents of Wolverhampton, UK were analyzed. Log-log models measured the
association between 25(OH)D and the interaction term of ethnicity and iPTH.
Seven hundred and seventy-two patients consisting of 315 white subjects (208
women) and 457 South Asian subjects (331 women) were studied. Compared to South
Asians, White subjects were older, had higher serum concentrations of 25(OH)D,
creatinine (lower eGFR), adjusted calcium and magnesium, but similar
concentrations of iPTH and phosphate. In an adjusted model, variables
significantly associated with 25(OH)D included age, creatinine, adjusted calcium
and ethnicity; but not iPTH and the interaction term of ethnicity and iPTH (beta
coefficient –0.071, 95% CI –0.209, 0.067,
p=0.32). In our study cohort, iPTH was not, per se, influenced by 25
(OH)D. We found no ethnic differences in the association between iPTH and
25(OH)D between South Asians and White UK residents
Recent Advance in Iminyl Radical Triggered C–H and C–C Bond Functionalization of Oxime Esters via 1,5-HAT and β-Carbon Scission
Authors: Guo Li-Na , Liu Le , Duan Xin-Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe direct functionalization of C(sp3)–H and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds is considered as one of the most valuable synthetic strategies because of its high efficiency and step-economy for the rapid assembly of complex molecules. However, the relatively high bond disassociation energies (BDEs) and similar chemical environment lead to large obstacles in terms of low reactivity and selectivity. Using a radical-based strategy has proved to be an efficient approach to overcome these difficulties via a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process for selective C(sp3)–H functionalization and β-carbon scission for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond derivatization. Oxime esters have emerged as outstanding precursors of iminyl radicals for versatile chemical transformations. This short review summaries the recent advances in site-specific C(sp3)–H functionalization and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond cleavage starting from oxime esters by our group and pioneering work by others, mainly focusing on the reaction design as well as the reaction mechanism.1	Introduction2	C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization via 1,5-HAT of Acyclic Oxime Esters­2.1	1,5-HAT/Cyclization2.2	1,5-HAT/C–C or C–Heteroatom Bond Formation3	C(sp3)–C(sp3) Bond Functionalization via β-Carbon Scission of Cyclic Oxime Esters3.1	β-Carbon Scission/C–C or C–Heteroatom Bond Formation3.2	β-Carbon Scission/Cyclization4	Conclusion and Outlook
A Convenient Approach to meso-Uracil–4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene Derivatives
Authors: Cordaro M. , Trapani M. , Castriciano M. A. , Elemans J. A. A. W. , Nicosia A. , Mineo P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn effective and convenient protocol for the synthesis of 1-substituted uracil-6-carbaldehyde derivatives has been developed. A three-step sequence permits the preparation of uracil-6-carbaldehydes with various substituents at the N-1 in large quantities by using low-cost precursors. The aldehyde-functionalized uracils served as useful precursors for the preparation of meso-(1-substituted 6-uracil)-derivatives of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY). In this way, regioselectively functionalized BODIPYs with a direct connection to a nucleobase were prepared in yields of 30–45%. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, NMR, UV/vis absorption, and steady-state and time-­resolved fluorescence spectroscopies were used to characterize the structures and the spectroscopic/photophysical properties of the resultant dyes.
Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene-5,11(6H,12H)-diones via the Elusive Benzocyclobutenone Anion
Authors: Liu Yu , Lu Ping , Huang Yingchao , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe reported here a facile synthesis of dibenzo[a,e]cyclo­octene-5,11(6H,12H)-diones via dimerization of benzocyclobutenones in the presence of simple base via the elusive benzocyclobutenone anion­. The temperature effect played a crucial role in the dimerization reaction­. Further synthesis of 5,11-disubstituted dibenzo[a,e]cyclo­octenes (dibenzo[a,e][8]annulenes) from dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene-5,11(6H,12H)-diones was also explored.
Relation Between Insertion Torque and Implant Stability Quotient: A Clinical Study
Authors: do Vale Souza João Paulo , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , Piacenza Lucas Tavares , Freitas da Silva Emily Vivianne , de Melo Moreno André Luiz , Penitente Paulo Augusto , Brunetto Juliana Lujan , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Goiato Marcelo Coelho 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the relation between the insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ recorded immediately and 6 months after implant placement).
Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients over the age of 18 years were selected for this study. One implant was placed per patient after tooth extraction. All implants had the same size (11.5 × 3.75 mm) and brand (Hexagonal Morse cone, DSP Biomedical). The insertion torque (Ncm) and resonance frequency analysis (ISQ value) (Osstell Mentor) were used to assess the primary stability (on the day of surgery). After 6 months, resonance frequency analysis was used to assess the secondary stability of each implant.
Statistical Analysis The insertion torque data were correlated with ISQ measurements by using Pearson’s correlation. The significance level was 5%.
Results There was a positive correlation between insertion torque and initial ISQ (correlation: 0.457; p = 0.022); however, no correlation was found between insertion torque and final ISQ (p = 0.308).
Conclusion The present study demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between the insertion torque and the initial ISQ. Therefore, the higher the insertion torque, the higher the initial ISQ (and vice versa).
Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Three Adhesive Luting Cements at Different Time Intervals under Oral Simulated Conditions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Dewan Sumedha , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Avasthi Abhishek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of three adhesive luting cements as a function of specimen age, effect of storage media, and effect of curing through porcelain.
Materials and Methods Twenty samples fabricated for self-cure resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC; RelyX Luting 2, 3M ESPE, United States) were classified as group 1, whereas 40 samples fabricated for two dual-cure resin cements (20 samples each), Universal Resin Cement (Ammdent, Italy) and Maxcem Elite (Kerr Australia Pty. Ltd.), were classified as groups 2 and 3, respectively. The dual-cure cements were photo-activated using light cure unit with an intensity of 550 mW/cm2 in nine overlapping sections for 20 seconds per section on both sides. A total of 60 samples (20 samples in each group) were fabricated and tested using universal testing machine to compare flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of resin-modified GIC with two dual-cure adhesive resin cements, to determine the influence of storage of the specimens in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours and to determine the influence of curing through porcelain disk of 2 mm thickness on these properties.
Results The overall mean flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of resin-modified GIC was less than the dual-cure resin cements. The values reduced for resin-modified GIC when the samples were tested after 24 hours of storage in saliva, whereas an increase in the strength was seen for dual-cure cements. The curing through porcelain disk reduced the properties of dual-cure cements. Maxcem Elite showed better overall mean flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in all the parameters.
Conclusion When comparing all three cements, both dual-cure cements showed better flexural strength and modulus of elasticity compared to resin-modified GIC, which indicates their use in cementation of fixed restorations.
A Scoping Review of Health Information Technology in Clinician Burnout
Authors: Wu Danny T. Y. , Xu Catherine , Kim Abraham , Bindhu Shwetha , Mah Kenneth E. , Eckman Mark H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Clinician burnout is a prevalent issue in healthcare, with detrimental implications in healthcare quality and medical costs due to errors. The inefficient use of health information technologies (HIT) is attributed to having a role in burnout.
Objective This paper seeks to review the literature with the following two goals: (1) characterize and extract HIT trends in burnout studies over time, and (2) examine the evidence and synthesize themes of HIT's roles in burnout studies.
Methods A scoping literature review was performed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with two rounds of searches in PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM, and Google Scholar. The retrieved papers and their references were screened for eligibility by using developed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted from included papers and summarized either statistically or qualitatively to demonstrate patterns.
Results After narrowing down the initial 945 papers, 36 papers were included. All papers were published between 2013 and 2020; nearly half of them focused on primary care (n = 16; 44.4%). The most commonly studied variable was electronic health record (EHR) practices (e.g., number of clicks). The most common study population was physicians. HIT played multiple roles in burnout studies: it can contribute to burnout; it can be used to measure burnout; or it can intervene and mitigate burnout levels.
Conclusion This scoping review presents trends in HIT-centered burnout studies and synthesizes three roles for HIT in contributing to, measuring, and mitigating burnout. Four recommendations were generated accordingly for future burnout studies: (1) validate and standardize HIT burnout measures; (2) focus on EHR-based solutions to mitigate clinician burnout; (3) expand burnout studies to other specialties and types of healthcare providers, and (4) utilize mobile and tracking technology to study time efficiency.