bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of work environment, job insecurity, and health between marginal part-time workers and full-time workers in Denmark using pooled register data
Authors: Nielsen Helena Breth , Gregersen Laura Stonor , Bach Emma Steffensen , Dyreborg Johnny , Ilsøe Anna , Larsen Trine Pernille , Pape Kathrine , Pedersen Jacob , Garde Anne Helene 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate characteristics of the work environment, job insecurity, and health of marginal part-time workers (8.0-14.9 hours/week) compared with full-time workers (32.0-40.0 hours/week).

Methods
The study population included employees in the survey Work Environment and Health in Denmark (WEHD) in 2012, 2014, or 2016 (n = 34 960). Survey information from WEHD on work environment and health was linked with register-based information of exposure based on working hours 3 months prior to the survey, obtained from the register Labour Market Account. Associations between marginal part-time work and work environment and health were assessed using logistic regression models.

Results
Marginal part-time workers reported less quantitative job demands, lower levels of influence at work, poorer support from colleagues and leaders, less job satisfaction and poorer safety, as well as more job insecurity. Results on negative social relations in the workplace and physical workload were more ambiguous. Marginal part-time workers were more likely to report poorer self-rated health, treatment-requiring illness, and depressive symptoms compared with full-time workers. Adjusting for characteristics of the work environment showed an indication of altered odds ratios for self-rated health and depressive symptoms, whereas job insecurity did not.

Conclusions
This study finds that marginal part-time workers experience a poorer psychosocial work environment and safety, higher job insecurity, and poorer health than full-time workers. Work environment characteristics may confound or mediate the association between marginal part-time work and health. However, prospective studies are needed to determine the causal direction of the revealed associations.
The effect of classroom aggression‐related peer group norms on students' short‐term trajectories of aggression
Authors: Velásquez Ana M. , Saldarriaga Lina M. , Castellanos Melisa , Bukowski William M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing a four‐wave/seven‐month longitudinal design with a sample of 1595 preadolescents (53% boys, 47% girls, Mage = 10.2 years) from 63 fourth‐, fifth‐ and sixth‐ grade classrooms in nine mixed‐sex schools in Bogotá, Colombia, we examined whether growth trajectories of measures of overt and relational aggression varied as a function of classroom norms for aggression. Multilevel growth mixture modeling revealed (a) distinct trajectories of overt and relational aggression for boys and girls and (b) that norm salience (i.e., the process by which a group norm is made salient via the punishments or reinforcements to the behavior within the group) was a better predictor of associations with trajectories of overt and relational aggression than were perceived injunctive norms (i.e., the perceived standards of what is approved or disapproved in a social context). In classrooms where popular or accepted children were perceived by their peers as aggressive, more boys followed an increasing trajectory of overt and relational aggression than a low‐stable trajectory, and more girls followed a high‐stable trajectory of relational aggression than a low‐stable trajectory. These findings are discussed in terms of the practical implications for the design of educational interventions aimed at preventing aggression in classroom settings.
Does depicting consequences of actions in narratives bolster the formation of propositional beliefs? First results from an experimental approach
Authors: Bonneterre Solenne , Zerhouni Oulmann , Green James 
Published: July 2021

SummaryWe explored (i) whether narratives can influence viewers' evaluations toward alcohol through evaluative learning and (ii) compared predictions from dual‐process and single‐process models of evaluative learning. In study 1, participants had to read vignettes, while they were exposed to TV show excerpts in study 2. Both studies (nstudy1 = 147; nstudy2 = 150) followed a 2 (valence: positive vs. negative) × 2 (drinking consequences: yes vs. no) study design. Automatic associations and propositional beliefs were then measured by an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and a Relational Responding Task (RRT) respectively. A multilevel meta‐regression was conducted to provide cumulative evidence for our hypotheses. Our first study did not yield robust significant results in the direction of associative or propositional processes. Conversely, the results of study 2 and meta‐analytic findings showed stronger evidence for (i) an effect of exposure to narratives on alcohol‐related evaluations and (ii) in favor of propositional models. Simply presenting a stimulus within a valenced context had no effect on the IAT or RRT. We conclude that these results are more in line with inferential propositional models of evaluative learning than with dual‐process models.
Effects of Atorvastatin on T‐Cell Activation and Apoptosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Novel Simulated Interactions With C‐Reactive Protein and Interleukin 6
Authors: Sun Jitong , Kumar Panda Pritam , Kumar Samal Shailesh , Ahuja Rajeev , Ajeganova Sofia , Hafström Ingiäld , Liu Anquan , Frostegård Johan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveWe study activation of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells and induction of apoptosis in cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with controls and effects of atorvastatin and its simulated interactions with other compounds.MethodsMononuclear cells from 10 patients with SLE and 10 controls were cultured in conditions that induce Th17 and/or Treg cell polarization and/or apoptosis and were studied by FACScan. Gene expression was determined by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Cytokines in plasma were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH) was used to retrieve information regarding the binding properties of atorvastatin.ResultsAmong patients with SLE, the proportion of Th17 (CD4+IL17+) cells was higher compared with controls after activation, with Th17 or Treg polarizing cytokines, phorbol myristate acetate, and ionomycin. In contrast, Treg cells (CD4+CD25+CD127dim/−) frequencies were lower. CD95 stimulation induced relatively more apoptosis in Treg cells and less in Th17 cells, as compared with controls. Addition of atorvastatin normalized Th17/Treg cell balance and apoptosis induction. Accordingly, the ratio of RORC/FoxP3 decreased in patients with SLE. Interleukin 17 and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels were increased in patients with SLE. Atorvastatin interacted strongly with C‐reactive protein (CRP) and also significantly with IL‐6.ConclusionThere is a higher proportion of Th17 cells and a lower proportion of Treg cells in patients with SLE after activation. Th17 cells were more resistant than Treg cells to CD95‐induced apoptosis in SLE. Atorvastatin normalized these effects. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism behind the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells with implications for treatment in SLE. We determine for the first time simulated interaction between atorvastatin, CRP, and IL‐6, implying a novel role of atorvastatin.
Overcoming the Dependence on Animal Models for Osteoarthritis Therapeutics – The Promises and Prospects of In Vitro Models
Authors: Singh Yogendra Pratap , Moses Joseph Christakiran , Bhardwaj Nandana , Mandal Biman B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of osteochondral tissues. Current treatment is restricted to the reduction of pain and loss of function of the joint. To better comprehend the OA pathophysiological conditions, several models are employed, however; there is no consensus on a suitable model. In this review, different in vitro models being developed for possible therapeutic intervention of OA are outlined. Herein, various in vitro OA models starting from 2D model, co‐culture model, 3D models, dynamic culture model to advanced technologies‐based models such as 3D bioprinting, bioassembly, organoids, and organ‐on‐chip‐based models are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages. Besides, different growth factors, cytokines, and chemicals being utilized for induction of OA condition are reviewed in detail. Furthermore, there is focus on scrutinizing different molecular and possible therapeutic targets for better understanding the mechanisms and OA therapeutics. Finally, the underlying challenges associated with in vitro models are discussed followed by future prospective. Taken together, a comprehensive overview of in vitro OA models, factors to induce OA‐like conditions, and intricate molecular targets with the potential to develop personalized osteoarthritis therapeutics in the future with clinical translation is provided.
Room‐Temperature Chiral Light‐Emitting Diode Based on Strained Monolayer Semiconductors
Authors: Pu Jiang , Zhang Wenjin , Matsuoka Hirofumi , Kobayashi Yu , Takaguchi Yuhei , Miyata Yasumitsu , Matsuda Kazunari , Miyauchi Yuhei , Takenobu Taishi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRoom‐temperature chiral light sources whose optical helicity can be electrically switched are one of the most important devices for future optical quantum information processing. The emerging valley degree of freedom in monolayer semiconductors allows generation of chiral luminescence via valley polarization. However, relevant valley‐polarized light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have only been achieved at low temperatures (typically below 80 K). Here, a room‐temperature chiral LED with strained transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers is realized. Spatially resolved polarization spectroscopy reveals that strain effects are crucial to yielding robust valley‐polarized electroluminescence. The broken threefold rotational symmetry of strained monolayers induce inequivalent valley drifts at the K/K’ valleys, resulting in different amounts of spin recombination driven by electric fields. Based on this scenario, ideally strained conditions are designed for LEDs on flexible substrates, in which the helicity of room‐temperature valley‐polarized electroluminescence is electrically tuned. The results provide a new pathway for practical chiral light sources based on monolayer semiconductors.
Chiral Helimagnetism and One‐Dimensional Magnetic Solitons in a Cr‐Intercalated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide
Authors: Zhang Chenhui , Zhang Junwei , Liu Chen , Zhang Senfu , Yuan Ye , Li Peng , Wen Yan , Jiang Ze , Zhou Bojian , Lei Yongjiu , Zheng Dongxing , Song Chengkun , Hou Zhipeng , Mi Wenbo , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Manchon Aurélien , Qiu Zi Qiang , Alshareef Husam N. , Peng Yong , Zhang Xi‐Xiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChiral magnets endowed with topological spin textures are expected to have promising applications in next‐generation magnetic memories. In contrast to the well‐studied 2D or 3D magnetic skyrmions, the authors report the discovery of 1D nontrivial magnetic solitons in a transition metal dichalcogenide 2H‐TaS2 via precise intercalation of Cr elements. In the synthetic Cr1/3TaS2 (CTS) single crystal, the coupling of the strong spin–orbit interaction from TaS2 and the chiral arrangement of the magnetic Cr ions evoke a robust Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. A magnetic helix having a short spatial period of ≈25 nm is observed in CTS via Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. In a magnetic field perpendicular to the helical axis, the helical spin structure transforms into a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) with the spin structure evolution being consistent with the chiral sine‐Gordon theory, which opens promising perspectives for the application of CSL to fast‐speed nonvolatile magnetic memories. This work introduces a new paradigm to soliton physics and provides an effective strategy for seeking novel 2D magnets.
A Soft and Absorbable Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wire
Authors: Hang Chen , Ding Li , Cheng Shiyu , Dong Ruihua , Qi Jie , Liu Xiaoyan , Liu Qian , Zhang Yan , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExisting temporary epicardial pacing wires (TPWs) are rigid and non‐absorbable, such that they can cause severe complications after cardiac surgery. Here, a soft and absorbable temporary epicardial pacing wire (saTPW) for effectively correcting abnormal heart rates in a rabbit model, such as bradycardia and ventricular premature beat, is developed. The saTPW exhibits excellent conductivity, flexibility, cycling stability (>100 000 cycles), and less inflammatory response during two‐month subcutaneous implantation in a rat model. The saTPW which consists of poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) and liquid metal, can degrade about 13% (mass loss) in the rats over a two‐month subcutaneous implantation. It can be absorbed over time in the body. The cytocompatibility and absorbability avoid secondary injuries caused by remaining wires which are permanently left in the body. The saTPW will provide a great platform for diagnosis and treatments in cardiovascular diseases by delivering the physiological signal and applying electrical stimulation for therapy.
Chiral Phonons and Giant Magneto‐Optical Effect in CrBr3 2D Magnet
Authors: Yin Tingting , Ulman Kanchan Ajit , Liu Sheng , Granados del Águila Andrés , Huang Yuqing , Zhang Lifa , Serra Marco , Sedmidubsky David , Sofer Zdenek , Quek Su Ying , Xiong Qihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhonons with chirality determine the optical helicity of inelastic light scattering processes due to their nonzero angular momentum. Here it is shown that 2D magnetic CrBr3 hosts chiral phonons at the Brillouin‐zone center. These chiral phonons are linear combinations of the doubly‐degenerate Eg phonons, and the phonon eigenmodes exhibit clockwise and counterclockwise rotational vibrations corresponding to angular momenta of l = ± 1. Such Eg chiral phonons completely switch the polarization of incident circularly polarized light. On the other hand, the non‐degenerate non‐chiral Ag phonons display a giant magneto‐optical effect under an external out‐of‐plane magnetic field, rotating the plane of polarization of the scattered linearly polarized light. The corresponding degree of polarization of the scattered light changes from 91% to −68% as the magnetic field strength increases from 0 to 5 T. In contrast, the chiral Eg modes display no field dependence. The results lay a foundation for the study of phonon chirality and magneto‐optical phenomena in 2D magnetic materials, as well as their related applications, such as the phonon Hall effect, topological photonics, and Raman lasing.
Penta‐PdPSe: A New 2D Pentagonal Material with Highly In‐Plane Optical, Electronic, and Optoelectronic Anisotropy
Authors: Li Peiyang , Zhang Jiantian , Zhu Chao , Shen Wanfu , Hu Chunguang , Fu Wei , Yan Luo , Zhou Liujiang , Zheng Lu , Lei Hongxiang , Liu Zheng , Zhao Weina , Gao Pingqi , Yu Peng , Yang Guowei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to their low‐symmetry lattice characteristics and intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy, 2D pentagonal materials, a new class of 2D materials composed entirely of pentagonal atomic rings, are attracting increasing research attention. However, the existence of these 2D materials has not been proven experimentally until the recent discovery of PdSe2. Herein, penta‐PdPSe, a new 2D pentagonal material with a novel low‐symmetry puckered pentagonal structure, is introduced to the 2D family. Interestingly, a peculiar polyanion of [SePPSe]4− is discovered in this material, which is the biggest polyanion in 2D materials yet discovered. Strong intrinsic in‐plane anisotropic behavior endows penta‐PdPSe with highly anisotropic optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties. Impressively, few‐layer penta‐PdPSe‐based phototransistor not only achieves excellent electronic performances, a moderate electron mobility of 21.37 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a high on/off ratio of up to 108, but it also has a high photoresponsivity of ≈5.07 × 103 A W−1 at 635 nm, which is ascribed to the photogating effect. More importantly, penta‐PdPSe also exhibits a large anisotropic conductance (σmax/σmax = 3.85) and responsivity (Rmax/Rmin = 6.17 at 808 nm), superior to most 2D anisotropic materials. These findings make penta‐PdPSe an ideal material for the design of next‐generation anisotropic devices.
A Universal Compensation Strategy to Anchor Polar Organic Molecules in Bilayered Hydrated Vanadates for Promoting Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wan Fang , Hao Zhimeng , Wang Shuai , Ni Youxuan , Zhu Jiacai , Tie Zhiwei , Bi Songshan , Niu Zhiqiang , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of layered vanadium oxides is often improved by introducing guest species into their interlayer. Guest species with high stability in the interlayer and weak interaction with Zn2+ during charge/discharge process are desired to promoting reversible Zn2+ transfer. Herein, a universal compensation strategy was developed to introduce various polar organic molecules into the interlayer of AlxV2O5·nH2O by replacing partial crystal water. The high‐polar groups in the organic molecules have a strong electrostatic attraction with pre‐intercalated Al3+, which ensures that organic molecules can be anchored in the interlayer of hydrated vanadates. Simultaneously, the low‐polar groups endow organic molecules with a weak interaction with Zn2+ during cycling, thus liberalizing reversible Zn2+ transfer. As a result, AlxV2O5 with polar organic molecules displays enhanced electrochemical performance. Furthermore, based on above cathode material, a pouch cell was assembled by further integrating a dendrite‐free N‐doped carbon nanofiber@Zn anode, displaying an energy density of 50 Wh kg‐1. This work provides a path for designing stable guest species with a weak interaction with Zn2+ in the interlayer of layered vanadium oxide towards high‐performance cathode materials of aqueous Zn batteries.
Spin–Orbit Torque‐Induced Domain Nucleation for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhao Tieyang , Shu Xinyu , Liu Liang , Lin Weinan , Chen Shaohai , Shi Shu , Yan Xiaobing , Liu Xiaogang , Chen Jingsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeuromorphic computing has become an increasingly popular approach for artificial intelligence because it can perform cognitive tasks more efficiently than conventional computers. However, it remains challenging to develop dedicated hardware for artificial neural networks. Here, a simple bilayer spintronic device for hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing is demonstrated. In L11‐CuPt/CoPt bilayer, current‐inducted field‐free magnetization switching by symmetry‐dependent spin–orbit torques shows a unique domain nucleation‐dominated magnetization reversal, which is not accessible in conventional bilayers. Gradual domain nucleation creates multiple intermediate magnetization states which form the basis of a sigmoidal neuron. Using the L11‐CuPt/CoPt bilayer as a sigmoidal neuron, the training of a deep learning network to recognize written digits, with a high recognition rate (87.5%) comparable to simulation (87.8%) is further demonstrated. This work offers a new scheme of implementing artificial neural networks by magnetic domain nucleation.
Advances of Adsorption and Filtration Techniques in Separating Highly Viscous Crude Oil/Water Mixtures
Authors: Yu Jiacheng , Cao Changqian , Pan Yongxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe efficient separation of highly viscous crude oil/water mixtures caused by offshore crude oil exploitation, marine transportation, and oil recovery is still a big challenge. Adsorption and filtration techniques are considered as powerful and renewable approaches for oil/water separation because of their low cost and simple operation. However, conventional adsorption and filtration materials show poor separation performance due to the extremely high viscosity of crude oil. A variety of advanced adsorption and filtration materials have been developed very recently for the improvement of the crude oil/water separation performance, such as oil adsorption materials with in situ thermogenesis and filtration membranes with self‐cleaning property. In this review, the background of crude oil and crude oil/water mixtures are first described. Then, the fundamental wetting theories are also presented. Furthermore, the state‐of‐the‐art materials for viscous crude oil/water separation based on adsorption and filtration techniques are summarized respectively, including the separation mechanisms, strategies, fabrication methods, and separation performance. Finally, the conclusions and challenges for the viscous crude oil/water mixture separation are discussed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Dehydrogenative Alkynylation of Selenophenes
Authors: Chen Shi‐Yen , Tseng Yan‐Hsiang , Lu Chia‐Fang , Chuang Chun‐Yao , Cheng Yen‐Ju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed (Pd(PPh3)4/Ag2O/PivOH) C2‐regioselective direct dehydrogenative alkynylation of unsubstituted selenophene was achieved. The selenophenes substituted with R1 groups at 2‐position can be C5‐alkynylated with a variety of 4‐substituted phenylacetylenes (R2 groups). The R1 and R2 can be either electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating groups, demonstrating a wide range of substrate scope with various functional group tolerance. The mono/C2‐alkynylated selenophenes can subsequently undergo the second direct alkynylation at C5‐position to afford symmetrical or unsymmetrical donor‐π‐acceptor 2,5‐dialkynylated selenophenes.magnified image
Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction Enabled by Phosphorus Doping of the Fe Electronic Structure in Iron–Nickel Selenide Nanosheets
Authors: Huang Yuan , Jiang Li‐Wen , Shi Bu‐Yan , Ryan Kevin M. , Wang Jian‐Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electronic structure of active sites is critically important for electrochemical reactions. Here, the authors report a facile approach to independently regulate the electronic structure of Fe in Ni0.75Fe0.25Se2 by P doping. The resulting electrode exhibits superior catalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) showing a low overpotential (238 mV at 100 mA cm−2, 185 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and an impressive durability in an alkaline medium. Additionally, the mass activity of 328.19 A g−1 and turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.18 s−1 at an overpotential of 500 mV are obtained for P─Ni0.75Fe0.25Se2 which is much higher than that of Ni0.75Fe0.25Se2 and RuO2. This work presents a new strategy for the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts for OER.