bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LPAR2 Is Correlated With Different Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Kai , Chen Rixin , Li Jingzhang , Luo Zhanxiong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: LPA and its receptors represent two key players in regulating cancer progression. Recent findings suggest that upregulation of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2(LPAR2) may play a role in carcinogenesis. But there are few studies on the relationship between LPAR2 and tumor immune microenvironment.Methods: In this study, we analyzed LPAR2 expression in pan tumors via the Oncomine, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and UALCAN. We investigated the influence of LPAR2 on clinical prognosis from Kaplan-Meier plotter (K-M plotter), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We also examined the relationship ofexpression levels of LPAR2 and clinical and molecular criteria in HNSC and KIRC by UALCAN. Then we explored the relationship between LPAR2 expression and prognosis in HNSC and KIRC patients with different clinical characteristics via K-M plotter. The correlations between LPAR2 and cancer immune infiltrates was examined via TIMER. In addition, correlations between the expression of LPAR2 and gene markers of immune infiltrates were analyzed by TIMER and GEPIA. We also used the cBioPortal to calculate mutations, methylations and altered neighbor genes of LPAR2.Results: We found that LPAR2 different expression was significantly related with the outcome of multiple types of cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Furthermore, high expression levels of LPAR2 were found to be significantly associated with a variety of immune markers in particular immune cell subsets in HNSC and KIRC.Conclusions: Our finding indicates that high LPAR2 expression playing significantly different prognostic roles in HNSC and KIRC, might be due to associate with different immune markers. And LPAR2 is correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration and is a valuable prognostic biomarker in HNSC and KIRC patients.
A Rare Subtype of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Report of 159 Resected Pathological Stage I-IIIA Pulmonary Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma Cases
Authors: Liu Li , Jiang Rong-Rong , Feng Xiao-Li , Zhu Wen-Ting , Guo Man-Xia , Tan Xue-Li , Jiang Xiao-Juan , Dou Xiao-Meng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The current study analyzed resected stage I-IIIA pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) cases to define the clinical characteristics, prognosis and long-term outcomes of resected LELC, with the purpose of guiding clinical management for this rare tumor.Methods Resected stage I-IIIA LELC, adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases from our center were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to minimize the selection bias. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors, and a nomogram was developed.Results A total of 159 LELCs, 2,757 ADCs and 1,331 SCCs were included. LELC, dominated among younger patients and nonsmokers. LELC was a poorly differentiated disease that lacked driver gene mutations and was positive for immunohistochemistry indicators of squamous cell lineage. Survival analyses revealed that OS was significantly better for LELC than for other common non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) both before PSM (all P < 0.001) and after PSM (all P < 0.05). Further analyses revealed that early pathological node stage and preoperative albumin level ≥35 were identified as independent prognostic factors favoring OS and DFS.Conclusions LELC, dominated among younger and nonsmoking populations, lacked driver gene mutations and was positive for immunohistochemistry indicators of squamous cell lineage. The survival outcome of PSC was better than other common NSCLCs.
Comparison of Tautomerization, Vibrational Spectra and UV-Vis Analysis of β-Ketoester With Acetylacetone. An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Aval Mozhgan Mahmoudi , Pour Ali Nakhaei , Vakili Mohammad , Mohammadi Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, the equilibrium constants, keto-enol ratio, and hydrogen bond strength among keto and cis-enol forms of acetylacetone (AA), methyl acetoacetate (MAA), ethyl acetoacetate (EAA), ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA), benzyl acetoacetate (BAA), and ethyl benzoyl acetone (EBA) have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT), compared with the experimental results. According to the obtained results, the relative energy of cis-enol and keto forms of β-ketoesters in gas phases is greater than that of acetylacetone, so the enol form of acetylacetone is more stable and it causes to increase its strength of intramolecular hydrogen bond. The electronic properties of these compounds were surveyed by NMR, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectra. Besides, the obtained outcomes showed that the keto forms of β-ketoesters in the presence of acetonitrile and carbon tetrachloride as a solvent have a high absorption coefficient due to the polarity of the solvent.
Dexamethasone implant improves anatomic response to anti-VEGF therapy in treatment-resistant Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Narayanan Raja , Mallikarjun Kushanth , Raman Rajiv , Mohamed Ashik , Shanmugam Mahesh P. , Apte Rajendra S. , Padhy Srikant 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: A significant proportion of eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) can be resistant to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. We evaluated the efficacy of combination of Dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DXI) and anti-VEGF therapy in eyes resistant to anti-VEGF monotherapy.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) resistant to anti-VEGF injections were additionally injected with a Dexamethasone implant along with an anti-VEGF agent. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure, fundus evaluation and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data were analyzed. Anatomical response on OCT was the primary outcome measure. Gain in visual acuity, and injection-free interval after the Dexamethasone implant were evaluated as secondary outcome measures.Results: Twelve eyes of 11 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 70.2 ± 11.8 years, and there were 8 females. The mean follow-up duration after DXI was 24.5 ±11 months. The mean number of anti-VEGF injections before DXI was 4.2 ± 1.9. The mean injection-free interval in these patients after DXI was 4.7± 0.6 months, which was significantly greater than the pre-injection mean of 1.6 ± 0.4 months (p<0.001). The median log MAR BCVA immediately prior to DXI was 0.41 (Interquartile Range IQR 0.30-1.02) and after injection was 0.60 (IQR 0.27-1.03), which was not significant (p=0.59). The median OCT thickness after DXI in was 305 microns (IQR 206-417), which was significantly less than the pre-injection OCT thickness of 547 microns (IQR 432-685) (p=0.005). The mean IOP before DXI was 14.7 ± 2.3 mm Hg, and after the injection was 14.3 ± 2.7 mm Hg (p=0.36). Conclusions: Dexamethasone implant combined with anti-VEGF treatment can prolong the treatment-free interval in eyes with PCV resistant to anti-VEGF injection, while maintaining visual acuity.
Characteristics of Erosion Development and Dynamics of Gravelly Debris Flow in The Houyenshan of Taiwan
Authors: Lai Yu-Sen , Lo Chia-Ming , Weng Meng-Chia , Chung Yen-Hsin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study focused on the erosion development and dynamics of gravelly debris flow at the Houyenshan watershed through geomorphology interpretation, field investigation, and discrete element method. The study constructed a discrete element method to simulate the process of gravelly debris flow and determine the scope of influence with regard to deposition. And then, the study integration of the interpretation, field investigation, and simulation results to evaluate erosion and landslide hazard in study area. Finally, the results can serve as a reference for disaster prevention, mapping and zoning of the areas susceptible to geological hazards, and associated mitigation project planning.
The Effect of Quarantine During COVID-19 Pandemic on The Oral Health Habits of The Syrian Community
Authors: Kazwini Rudwan , Alawad Walaa , Alhaffar MHD Bahaa Aldin , Alomari Haya Doura , Ebrahim Abedulrahman , Othman Muhamad Abdulaziz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Corona Virus has appeared in the end of 2019; it belongs to a large family of viruses that can cause respiratory infections. Due to its rapid and ease spread it has become a pandemic in almost the whole world, which necessitated the imposition of quarantine procedures in order to reduce the speed of spread and the number of deaths, but these procedures may cause many effects on people, one of the most important aspects that can be affected is oral health care. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of quarantine procedures on oral health habits of the Syrian community.Materials and methods: A survey was made with Google forums then published on Facebook from 4-16-2020 until 11-5-2020. The number of people corresponding to the study criteria reached 1033, the effect of quarantine procedures on changing oral health habits, number of times of brushing and the time of brushing were studied.Results: Quarantine led to a change in oral health habits in 57.4% of the sample, females were significantly more affected by changing habits during quarantine (P = 0.020), number of brushing times was not clearly affected and it was twice daily (49.4% Before quarantine, 42.1% after quarantine) as there was no statistically significant difference between the two stages in terms of the number of brushing times.Conclusion: This study was one of the first studies that showed the effect of home quarantine on the oral habits of members of the Syrian community. Home quarantine did not significantly affect the change in the oral health habits of Syrians.
Breast Cancer Associated Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kostoglou Aikaterini , Vlastos Dimitrios , Bakalis Athanasios , Ghosh Debashis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundParaneoplastic neurological syndromes constitute rare neurological complications of malignant disease, manifesting in <1% of patients with cancer. Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) presents with chaotic ocular saccades (opsoclonus), spontaneous muscular jerking (myoclonus) that may be accompanied by ataxia, strabismus, aphasia, or mutism. Its paraneoplastic variant in the adult is most commonly associated with small-cell lung cancer, followed by breast cancer. Importantly, neurological symptoms usually precede the diagnosis of breast cancer and tend to recure after its treatment.Case presentationA 43-year-old premenopausal Caucasian woman with a medical history of hypertension was admitted following an episode of focal seizure. On the day of admission, the initial focal seizure progressed to generalised tonic-clonic seizures and she was subsequently loaded with phenytoin, valproate, and levetiracetam. Initial work up included whole body CT scan, viral and autoimmune serology. The CT scan revealed an enhancing right axillary lymph node, which in combination with Anti-Ri antibody positivity raised the spectre of paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. All other tested antibodies were found negative. MRI of the head revealed subtle nonspecific white matter signal change within the centrum semiovale without any mass lesions, while MRI of spine showed no cord lesions. A right mastectomy and axillary lymph node clearance was performed without any complications. Two months later she was admitted again due to near permanent vertigo, intermittent diplopia, facial weakness, and ataxia. She was clinically diagnosed with a recurrence of her anti-Ri syndrome. MDT recommended mammogram and ultrasound of left breast which was normal. Subsequently, four months after initial discharge, she suffered another neurological recurrence; due to concomitant abdominal pain, PET-CT was performed demonstrating a hypermetabolic right ovarian focus. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed as per gynaecology MDT and final histology showed normal tubes and ovaries. She has remained on remission since then, with negative annual mammogram follow-up. ConclusionsIn conclusion, we report a case of OMS associated with breast cancer anti anti-Ri onconeural antibody. Its manifestations preceded the diagnosis of malignancy and it persisted after cancer treatment, underlining the importance for high clinical suspicion in cases of classical paraneoplastic neurological syndromes as well as the need for long-term clinical follow-up.Trial registration:Not applicable
Thyroid-related Hormone Levels in Clinical Patients with Moderately Severe-to-Profound Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Prospective Study
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Shen Ying , Xia Liang , Xiao Lili , Sun Yuanyuan , Wang Hui , Chen Zhengnong , Wu Yaqin , Shi Haibo , He Jingchun , Feng Yanmei , Yin Shankai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and PurposeSSNHL is a common otology emergency, that may lead to hearing loss and impact quality of life. This study aims to investigate the association of thyroid-related hormone levels with moderately severe-to-profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) that may contribute to treatment optimization.MethodsThe study included 70 patients with moderately severe-to-profound SSNHL and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from the participants, and their thyroid-related hormone levels were measured at admission and one week after treatment.ResultsThyroid-related hormone levels of total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (all P < 0.05) were found to be at significantly lower levels in moderately severe-to-profound SSNHL patients to that of the control group. The increases of TT3, TT4, FT3, and TSH levels were significantly higher in the effective group than that in the ineffective group (all P < 0.05). Through receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, areas under the curve were 0.737, 0.636, 0.837, 0.458, and 0.903 for TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, and TSH, respectively. Linear correlation analysis revealed that TSH level (R = 0.707, P < 0.05) elevation after treatment successfully predicted a favorable outcome of hearing recovery. Logistic regression analyses suggest low FT3 and TSH levels to be independent occurrence predictors while the increase of TSH level may be an independent favorable outcome predictor.ConclusionsThe results suggest low FT3 and TSH levels are risk factors for moderately severe-to-profound SSNHL. By discovering the positive association between TSH elevation and hearing recovery, along with the potential novel predictors of FT3 and TSH, our study may contribute valuable insights to the study and treatment of moderately severe-to-profound SSNHL.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry; ChiCTR1800017072. Registered 10 July 2017, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=29023
The effect of co-treatments of chemotherapeutic drugs and curcumin on cytotoxicity and FLT3 protein expression in leukemic stem cells
Authors: Chueahongthong Fah , Tima Singkome , Chiampanichayakul Sawitree , Berkland Cory , Anuchapreeda Songyot 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity of the combination treatment of a drug and curcumin (Cur) on leukemic stem cell and leukemic cell lines, including KG-1a and KG-1 (FLT3+ LSCs), EoL-1 (FLT3+ LCs), and U937 (FLT3− LCs). The cytotoxicity of co-treatments of Dox or Ida at concentrations of the IC10 – IC80 values and each concentration of Cur at the IC20, IC30, IC40, and IC50 values (conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4) was determined by MTT assays. Dox–Cur and Ida-Cur increased cytotoxicity in leukemic cells. Dox–Cur co-treatment showed additive effects in several conditions. The effect of this co-treatment on FLT3 expression in KG-1a, KG-1, and EoL-1 cells was examined by Western blotting. Dox–Cur decreased FLT3 protein levels and total cell numbers in all the cell lines. By contrast, the FLT3 protein levels and total cell number after Cur treatment did not show significant differences as a result of the co-treatments. Dox–Cur decreased FLT3 protein expression in a dose dependent manner. In summary, Cur was the effective compound in inhibiting FLT3 protein expression. Co-treatment with Dox–Cur could enhance the cytotoxicity of Dox by inhibiting the proliferation of AML leukemic stem cells.
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experience of Taking Medication to Prevent a Further Heart Attack
Authors: Piekarz Hannah , Donyai Parastou , Langran Catherine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Following an acute myocardial infarction, patients are prescribed a regime of cardio-protective medication to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality. Adherence to medication is poor in this patient group, and not fully understood. Current interventions have made limited improvements but are based upon presumed principles.
Aim

To describe the phenomenon of medicine-taking for an individual taking medication for secondary prevention for an AMI. Method Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse transcripts of semi-structured interviews with participants. Themes were generated for each participant, then summarised across participants.
Results

Five key themes were produced; the participants needed to compare themselves to others, showed that knowledge of their medicines was important to them, discussed how the future was an unknown entity for them, had assimilated their medicines into their lives, and expressed how an upset to their routine reduced their ability to take medication.
Conclusion

Participants described complex factors and personal adaptations to taking their medication. This suggests that a patient-centred approach is appropriate for adherence work, and these themes could inform clinical practice to better support patients in their medicine adherence.
Inflammatory/immune-suppressive microenvironment characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients with Shi-Re ZHENG identified by extracellular vesicle long RNA profiling
Authors: Yu Shulin , Geng Yawen , Qian Ling , Chen Kun , Zhang Yalei , Huang Shenglin , Li Ye , Wang Peng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain long RNAs that reflect their tissue origins and the relative fractions of different immune cell types. This study examined the molecular basis of different traditional Chinese Medicine ZHENG diagnoses (also called syndrome differentiation) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods

A total of 128 PDAC patients with different ZHENG diagnoses were retrospectively reviewed in this study. The EV long RNA profile of plasma samples was analyzed by long RNA sequencing. Differentially regulated EV long RNAs were annotated and assessed for Gene Ontology pathway enrichment using DAVID. Cell-type enrichment analysis was performed using the online program xCell.
Results

Approximately 15000 annotated genes, mainly including mRNAs, were reliably detected in each sample. Different ZHENG diagnoses exhibited unique EV mRNA expression profiles and therefore different enriched pathways. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified TGF-β and KRAS signaling activation as the hallmarks of cancer with Shi-Re ZHENG. Cell-type enrichment analysis also revealed a varied inflammation/immune cell type distribution among patients with or without Shi-Re diagnosis. Mast cells, platelets and Tregs were significantly enriched but basophils, CLP, DC, and cDC cells were decreased in patients with Shi-Re diagnosis compared with patients without Shi-Re diagnosis.
Conclusions

We identified the hallmarks of cancer with different ZHENG diagnoses based on plasma EV long RNA sequencing. In particular, TGF-β and KRAS signaling activation were the hallmarks of Shi-Re ZHENG, which contribute to shape an inflammatory/immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment in PDAC.
Depression as a symptom of cerebrovascular diseases: A review.
Authors: Abykayev Nurtai , Kulmanov Marat , Lurye Arman , Zhumanbayeva Dinara 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Depression can be a prodromal symptom of brain diseases, but this association remains poorly studied with regards to cerebrovascular diseases. This review aimed to analyze the relationship between cerebrovascular diseases and depression. The objectives of the current review were: 1 – to assess the relationship between structural changes in the brain and depression; 2 – to evaluate the connection between cognitive performance and cerebrovascular impairment; 3 – to assess the relationship between biological correlates of brain diseases and depression. A search of the PubMed database was conducted focusing on papers published until 4th March 2021. The following terms were used: brain diseases and depression/pathology. A depressive disorder might have a relationship with structural or biological changes in the brain. However, this does not give the precise conclusion that depression definitely appears while a person has the cerebrovascular disease. Nevertheless, people with cerebrovascular diseases were observed to have high depression scale scores, while depression and cerebrovascular diseases had inflammation, cognitive change, or dopamine and serotonin changes in common. This is an overall limit concerning the definition of depression and cerebrovascular diseases. So, in this review, we observed all the possible connections between depression and brain diseases. Depression seems to be associated with cerebrovascular changes in people. They might have structural changes in the hippocampus, white matter, cortex, and other parts, as well as inflammatory processes, neuromediators changes, and cognitive decline. Thus, it is essential to evaluate depressive disorders in people with brain diseases as precisely as possible.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Cameroon (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Walker Miriam Zachau , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Cameroon, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020-2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.