bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Caries Detection using a 3D Intraoral Scanner. An in Vivo Validation Study
Authors: Michou Stavroula , Lambach Mathias S. , Ntovas Panagiotis , Benetti Ana R. , Bakhshandeh Azam , Rahiotis Christos , Ekstrand Kim R. , Vannahme Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of 3D intraoral scanners (IOS) and software that can support automated detection and objective monitoring of oral diseases such as caries, tooth wear or periodontal diseases is increasingly receiving attention from researchers and industry. This study clinically validates an automated caries scoring system for occlusal caries detection and classification, previously developed for an IOS system featuring fluorescence (TRIOS 4, 3Shape TRIOS A/S, Denmark). Four algorithms (ALG1, ALG2, ALG3, ALG4) are assessed for the IOS; the first three are based only on fluorescence information, while ALG4 also takes into account the tooth color information. The diagnostic performance of these automated algorithms is compared with the diagnostic performance of the clinical visual examination, while histological assessment is used as reference. Additionally, possible differences between in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance of the IOS system are investigated. The algorithms show comparable in vivo diagnostic performance to the visual examination. Only minor differences between their in vitro and in vivo diagnostic performance are noted. This novel IOS system exhibits encouraging performance for clinical application on occlusal caries detection and classification. Different approaches can be investigated for possible optimization of the system.
Chemical Composition of Labile Carbon Fractions in Forest Soils as Affected by Soil Parameters
Authors: Filep Tibor , Zacháry Dóra , Jakab Gergely , Szalai Zoltán 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding how the chemical composition of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM) is affected by environment factors is critical because these labile pools of carbon are involved in an array of biological, chemical and physical processes. In this study, the chemical composition of DOM and POM was measured in 13 forest soils using UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy with PARAFAC modelling and FT-IR spectroscopy.There were significant differences between the soils for the SUVA indexes, PARAFAC components and relative intensities of different IR bands. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that soil parameters had a great influence on the chemical composition of DOM and POM with high constrained variability (77.9 and 77.1 %, respectively). The pH of the soils proved to be an important controlling factor for both DOM and POM, regulating the concentration of the C3 PARAFAC component (low-molecular-weight compounds associated with biological activity) and the aromatic compounds of POM (aromaticity, rA1630 and rA1515). The silt content was the other main regulating factor controlling the chemical characteristics of the labile pool, having a strong negative correlation with the SUVA values of DOM due to the preferential adsorption of hydrophobic moieties. RDA analysis also revealed that, despite their different origins, there is a strong correlation between the chemical composition of POM and DOM.
Glycomyces salinus sp. nov., an Actinomycete Isolated From a Hypersaline Habitat
Authors: Li Rui , Jiang Gang-Qiang , Wang Yun , Chen Yi-Guang , Zhou En-Min , Tang Shu-Kun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 93776T, was isolated from a saline sediment sample collected from Aiding Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 93776T was affiliated to the genus Glycomyces, and was closely related to Glycomyces albus TRM 49136T (97.6 % sequence similarity), Glycomyces lacisalsi XHU 5089T (97.0 %) and Glycomyces anabasis EGI 6500139T (96.2 %). The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole-cell hydrolysates sugars were galactose, mannose, arabinase, glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H4) and MK-10 (H4). Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two phosphatidylglyceride, two unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified polar lipids were detected in the polar lipid extracts. Major fatty acids were anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso C17:1 A. The draft genome sequence of strain YIM 93776T was 5.37 Mbp in size with 69.5 mol% DNA G+C content. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain YIM 93776T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Glycomyces salinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 93776T (= KCTC 49430T = CGMCC 4.7685T).
Downregulation of Circ_0000673 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Migration in Endometriosis Via Suppressing PTEN
Authors: Yang Yongwen , Ban Deying , Zhang Chun , Shen Licong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a prevalent gynecologic disease, affecting up to 10% of women at reproductive age and approximately 50% of women with infertility. The function of circRNAs in various diseases has been highlighted. Dysregulated expression of circRNAs in endometriosis has been reported and circ_0000673 was significantly deregulated. However, its explicit role in pathogenesis of endometriosis is yet to be identified. Methods: circ_0000673 expression was detected in paried ectopic and eutopic endometrium using qPCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Knockdown of circ_0000673 in eutopic and normal endometrial stromal cells were done by transfection with lentivirus vectors. The proliferation activity of endometrial stromal cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay, while the migration capacity was valued by wound healing assay. PTEN, PI3K and p-AKT were detected by qPCR and western blotting. Dual luciferase assay was performed to assess the bonding between circ_0000673, PTEN and miR-616-3p.Results: The expression of circ_0000673 was reduced in ectopic endometrium. Knockdown of circ_0000673 significantly induced eutopic and normal endometrial cell proliferation and migration. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that circ_0000673 might sponge miR-616-3p. The effect of circ_0000673 knockdown could be recovered by miR-616-3p inhibitor and enhanced by miR-616-3p mimics. Meanwhile, qPCR and western blotting showed that circ_0000673 knockdown inhibited the expression of PTEN, and subsequently activated PI3K and p-Akt. Furthermore, PTEN was confirmed to be a target of miR-616-3p. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that deregulated expression of circ_0000673 could promote endometriosis progression via sponging miR-616-3p and further regulating PTEN.
Design of Experiment Based Optimization of an in Vitro Direct Contact Triculture Blood Brain Barrier Model for Permeability Screening
Authors: Lubin Kelsey E , Knipp Gregory T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The in vivo restrictive properties of the blood brain barrier (BBB) largely arise from astrocyte and pericyte synergistic cell signaling interactions that underlie the brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMEC). In vivo relevant direct contact between astrocytes, pericytes, and BMECS, to our knowledge, has not been established in conventional Transwell® based in vitro screening models of the BBB. We hypothesize that a design of experiments (DOE) optimized direct contact layered triculture model will offer more in vivo relevance for screening in comparison to indirect models. Methods: Plating conditions including the seeding density of all three cell types, matrix protein, and culture time were assessed in DOEP. DOEP was followed by DOEM1 and DOEM2 to assess the influence of medium additives on barrier properties. The permeability of 4 kD dextran, a paracellular marker, was the measured response to arrive at the optimal plating conditions. The optimized model was further assessed for p-glycoprotein function using a substrate and inhibitor along with a set of BBB paracellular and transcellular markers at varying permeation rates.Results: DOEP revealed that length of culture post endothelial cell plating correlated highest with paracellular tightness. In addition, seeding density of the endothelial cell layer influenced paracellular tightness at earlier times of culture, and its impact decreased as culture is extended. Medium additives had varying effects on barrier properties as seen from DOEM1 and DOEM2. At optimal conditions, the model revealed P-gp function along with the ability to differentiate between BBB positive and negative permeants. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that the implementation of DOE based optimization for biologically based systems is an expedited method to establish multi-component in vitro cell models. The direct contact BBB triculture model reveals that the physiologically relevant layering of the three cell types is a practical method of culture to establish a screening model compared to indirect plating methods that incorporate physical barriers between cell types. Additionally, the ability of the model to differentiate between BBB positive and negative permeants suggests that this model may be an enhanced screening tool for potential neuroactive compounds.
68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in Staging of High-risk Prostate Cancer Patients: a Prospective Pilot Trial
Authors: Mapelli Paola , Ghezzo Samuele , Gajate Ana Maria Samanes , Preza Erik , Brembilla Giorgio , Cucchiara Vito , Bezzi Carolina , Presotto Luca , Bettinardi Valentino , Savi Annarita , Magnani Patrizia , Menichini Raffaele , Coliva Angela , Neri Ilaria , Gaeta Ettore Di , Gianolli Luigi , Briganti Alberto , De Cobelli Francesco , Scifo Paola , Picchio Maria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study is to investigate the synergic role of 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI in PCa staging. Methods: Fifteen patients with biopsy-proven PCa underwent both 68Ga-PSMA PET/MRI and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET/MRI within one month. TNM classification based on image findings was performed and semi-quantitative PET and quantitative MRI parameters were collected for each scan. Finally, DICE score between regions of interest manually segmented on the primary tumor on 68Ga-PSMA PET, 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET and on T2 MRI was computed. Results: All imaging modalities detected the primary PCa in 15 patients, with slight differences regarding the multifocality of intra-prostatic findings. Two patients presented seminal vesicles involvement on MRI, one of these was also detected by 68Ga-PSMA, with no uptake on 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 images. Regarding extra prostatic disease, 68Ga-PSMA PET, 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET and MRI resulted positive in 6, 2 and 4 patients at lymph-nodal level, respectively, and at bone level in 2, 0 and 1 patients, respectively, with 68Ga-PSMA PET detecting more lesions compared to 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET. The different findings detected by 68Ga-PSMA PET and 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET might reflect the complementary role of these radiotracers, as they detected different foci of intraprostatic disease, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph nodal and bone involvement. Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest a synergic role of 68Ga-PSMA PET, 68Ga-DOTA-RM2 PET and mpMRI in PCa characterization during the staging phase. (EudraCT: 2018-001034-18)
Williamsia soli sp. nov., Isolated from Thermal Power Plant in Yantai
Authors: Zhang Ming-Jing , Li Xue-Han , Peng Li-Yang , Yun Shuai-Ting , Liu Zhuo-Cheng , Zhou Yan-Xia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Strain C17T, a novel strain belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, was isolated from thermal power plant in Yantai, Shandong Province, China. Cells of strain C17T were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, pink, non-motile and round with neat edges. Strain C17T was able to grow at 4–42 °C (optimum 28 °C), pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum 7.5) and with 0.0–5.0% NaCl (optimum 1.0%, w/v). Phylogenetically, the strain was a member of the family Gordoniaceae, order Mycobacteriales, class Actinobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that the closest relative was the type strain of Williamsia faeni JCM 17784T with pair-wise sequence similarity of 98.4%. According to the genome, the DNA G + C content obtained from the draft genome sequence was 64.7%, the main resistant antibiotics were rifamycin, aminoglycoside and glycopeptide, the related gene cluster were clbC,clbB,clbA,vanRI,vanRB,vanRC and vanRD. The average amino acid identity(AAI), average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization(dDDH)values between genome sequences of strain C17T and the type strain Williamsia faeni of the recognized taxa compared were 77.5, 77.9 and 20.7%, respectively. Predominant fatty acids were C16:0(31.7%), C18:1ω9c(26.8%), 10-methyl-C18:0 (16.4%), summed feature comprising C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c (12.2%) and sum in feature comprising C16:1ω6c and/orC16:1ω7c (10.9%). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9 and the diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine(PE), diphos-phatidylglycerol(DPG) and phosphatidylinositol(PI). Therefore, the combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data indicated that the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Williamsia and the name Williamsia soli sp. nov. is proposed for strain C17T (= KCTC 49567T= MCCC 1K04355T).
Microstructure Evolution of Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr Alloy Rolled at Room and Liquid Nitrogen Temperature
Authors: Tan Yun , Li Wei , Li Aiwen , Shi Xiaofang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The microstructure evolution, texture, mechanical behavior and twin deformation of the ECAPed Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr alloy at liquid nitrogen temperature were investigated by rolling samples. The ECAP processed material appeared the texture of 45 ° to the extrusion direction and its yield strength reached 93.6 MPa. The results showed that cryorolling encourages twinning in Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr alloy, enhancing the tensile strength and texture. Activation of {10-12} twinning during rolling was found to be more pronounced in the cryorolled samples than in the cold rolled samples owing to a lower temperature. As a result, the cryorolled samples had more twins than and cold rolled ones, the proportion of twin areas of room temperature rolling and ultra-low temperature rolling were: 2.445% and 4.234%.
Pattern of Use and Efficacy of Daratumumab-based Therapy in Patients With Multiple Myeloma in a Real-world Setting: a Single Institution Experience
Authors: Dima Danai , Hu Xiao , Dower Joshua , Zhang Diana , Comenzo Raymond , Varga Cindy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy, caused by the accelerated growth of clonal plasma cells leading to severe multiorgan failure. Several novel agents have been recently approved for the treatment of this diseases, including daratumumab, a human IgG kappa monoclonal antibody that targets CD38 on the surface of plasma cells. The objective of this retrospective study is to explore the pattern of use, safety and efficacy of daratumumab-based therapy among patients with both newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in a real-world setting at a single institution. Methods: 57 patients with MM treated with daratumumab based therapy, from 11/16/2015 to 3/16/2020, were included in the study. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate time to hematologic response, as well as progression free survival (PFS) after daratumumab initiation. Log-rank tests were applied to compare PFS among subgroups. Results: The overall hematologic response (ORR) to daratumumab based-therapy was 82.5% and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 23.5 months. The ORR and PFS among NDMM patients vs RRMM patients were 80% and not reached vs 84.8% and 22 months respectively. Importantly, subgroup analysis based on cytogenetic risks, demonstrated that patients with standard risk cytogenetics sustained a marginally significantly prolonged PFS (24.0 vs 10.0 months, p=0.065) compared to those with high/intermediate risk cytogenetics. When stratified by the treatment line (1st vs 2nd-3rd vs >3rd) and treatment pattern (dara monotherapy vs. combination with PI vs. IMiD vs. PI + IMiD), there were no significant differences in PFS. Daratumumab was generally well tolerated, with no discontinuations due to adverse events.Conclusion: Daratumumab-based therapy has significant efficacy and very good tolerability among MM patients, in a real-world setting.
Respiratory Viral Infections in Pragmatically Selected Adults in Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cia Cong-Tat , Ling I-Ting , Lee Jen-Chieh , Tsai Huey-Pin , Wang Jen-Ren , Ko Wen-Chien 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRespiratory viruses can be detected in 18.3% to 48.9% of critically ill adults with severe respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The present study aims to assess the clinical significance of respiratory viruses in pragmatically selected adults in medical intensive care unit patients and to identify factors associated with viral respiratory viral tract infections (VRTIs).MethodsWe conducted a prospective study on critically ill adults with suspected RTIs without recognized respiratory pathogens. Viral cultures with monoclonal antibody identification, in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza virus, and FilmArray® respiratory panel were used to detect viral pathogens. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with VRTIs.ResultsSixty-four (40.5%) of the included 158 critically ill adults had respiratory viruses detected in their respiratory specimens. The commonly detected viruses included influenza virus (20), followed by human rhinovirus/enterovirus (11), respiratory syncitial virus (9), human metapneumovirus (9), human parainfluenza viruses (8), human adenovirus (7), and human coronaviruses (2). The FilmArray® respiratory panel detected respiratory viruses in 54 (34.6%) patients, but showed negative results for seven of 13 patients with influenza A/H3 infection. In the multivariable logistic regression model, patient characters associated with VRTIs included those aged < 65 years, household contact with individuals with upper RTI, the presence of fever, cough with sputum production, and sore throat.ConclusionsRespiratory viruses were not uncommonly detected in the pragmatically selected adults with critical illness. Selective multiplex PCR testing for respiratory viruses is a practical strategy, and the detection rate could be further improved in selected patient population.
Targeting Chromosome Trisomy for Chromosome Editing
Authors: Abe Takuya , Suzuki Yuya , Hirota Kouji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A trisomy is a type of aneuploidy characterised by an additional chromosome. The additional chromosome theoretically accepts any kind of changes since it is not necessary for cellular proliferation. This advantage led us to apply two chromosome manipulation methods to autosomal trisomy in chicken DT40 cells. We first corrected chromosome 2 trisomy to disomy by employing counter-selection makers. Upon construction of cells carrying makers targeted in one of the trisomic chromosome 2s, cells that have lost makers integrated in chromosome 2 were subsequently selected. The loss of one of the chromosome 2s had little impacts on the proliferative capacity, indicating unsubstantial role of the additional chromosome 2 in DT40 cells. We next tested large-scale truncations of chromosome 2 to make a mini-chromosome for the assessment of chromosome stability by introducing telomere repeat sequences to delete most of p-arm or q-arm of chromosome 2. The obtained cell lines had 0.7 Mb mini-chromosome, and approximately 0.2% of mini-chromosome was lost per cell division in wild-type background while the rate of chromosome loss was significantly increased by the depletion of DDX11, a cohesin regulatory protein. Collectively, our findings propose that trisomic chromosomes are good targets to make unique artificial chromosomes. (197 words)
Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) Approach for Enhancement of the Microstructures of Friction Stir Welded Joints
Authors: MISHRA AKSHANSH 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Image processing algorithms are finding various applications in manufacturing and materials industries such as identification of cracks in the fabricated samples, calculating the geometrical properties of the given microstructure, presence of surface defects, etc. The present work deals with the application of Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm for improving the quality of the microstructure images of the Friction Stir Welded joints. The obtained results showed that the obtained value of quantitative metric features such as Entropy value and RMS Contrast value were high which resulted in enhanced microstructure images.
Learning a weather dictionary of atmospheric patterns using Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Authors: Fery Lucas , Dubrulle Berengere , Pons Flavio , Podvin Berengere , Faranda Davide 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mid-latitude circulation dynamics is often described in terms of weather regimes, represented by atmospheric field configurations extracted using pattern recognition techniques. Each pattern is given by a given combination of distinct elements, corresponding to synoptic objects (cyclones and anticyclones). Such intrication makes it arduous to detect or quantify shifts in atmospheric circulation - possibly due to anthropogenic forcings - impacting recurrence and intensity of climate extremes. Here we apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), typically used for topic modeling in linguistic studies, to build a weather dictionary: in analogy with linguistics, we define daily maps of a gridded target observable as documents, and the grid-points composing the map as words. LDA provides a representation of documents in terms of a combination of spatial patterns named motifs, which are latent patterns inferred from the set of snapshots. For atmospheric data, we find that motifs correspond to pure synoptic objects (cyclones and anticyclones), that can be seen as building blocks of weather regimes. We show that LDA weights provide a natural way to characterize the impact of climate change on the recurrence of regimes associated with extreme events.