bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of anti-inflammatory activity of Ficus racemosa linn stem bark extract in albino rats
Authors: B. N. Priya Mohan , Jayaram Suma , Kuriachan Sanitha 
Published: February 2021

Background: Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli. Though there are standard anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, diclofenac, etc., these are not free of side effects. This has led to an increase in demand for natural products with anti-inflammatory activity having less side effects. Hence the study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Ficus racemose (EEFR) in albino rats.Methods: Healthy albino rats of either sex were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Group1-control, group 2-diclofenac sodium 2 mg/kg and group 3 and 4 EEFR (200 and 400 mg/kg respectively), anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by Carrageenan induced paw oedema: formalin induced-peritonitis and cotton pellet induced granuloma model for in vivo activity and protein denaturation test for in vitro activity.Results: EEFR exhibited significant in vitro (p<0.001) anti-inflammatory effect at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg. EEFR produced 61.37% inhibition at the dose of 400 mg/kg and diclofenac (standard drug) produced 62.95% of inhibition after 3 hours of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema. The exudate volume was decreased in formalin induced peritonitis by EEFR and diclofenac significantly (p<0.001). In cotton pellet induced granuloma EEFR (400 mg/kg) and diclofenac showed decreased formation of granuloma by 28.36% and 28.00% (p<0.001) respectively.Conclusions: EEFR has significant anti-inflammatory activity in both acute and chronic model in a dose dependant manner in comparison with standard drug.
Fractional erbium-YAG laser vs platelet rich plasma in acne scar: a comparative study
Authors: Kumari Neeti , Kumar Arun , Bist Jitendra S. , Mehta Anil K. 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Facial acne scar is a common complication of acne vulgaris leading to social isolation, lack of self-confidence and depression that warrants multiple treatment approach. In recent years, fractional erbium-yttrium aluminum garnet (er-YAG) 2940 nm laser and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been used independently or in combination with other resurfacing modalities in treating acne scars with variable outcomes. The objective of this study is to compare the therapeutic responses and safety of fractional erbium-YAG 2940 nm laser and platelet-rich plasma in atrophic post acne scars.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Patients were randomly divided into two groups (30 each), receiving six sittings of fractional er-YAG laser and PRP every month. Response was evaluated 4 weeks after each treatment session using Goodman and Baron qualitative acne scar grading system, photographic assessment by 2 blinded dermatologist and patients own satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Both treatment modalities showed improvement of acne scars, but the improvement with fractional er-YAG laser (27% marked and 70% moderate response) treatment was higher in comparison to PRP (10% marked and 67% moderate response) in terms of acne scar grade severity (p=0.33). Similar results were obtained on photographic assessment (p=0.015 and 0.021), and patient’s own satisfaction (p=0.011), respectively. Pain and stinging score were lower in er-YAG group while down time for same was shorter in PRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Both er-YAG laser and PRP showed significant improvement in atrophic acne scar while former showing slightly superior response with lesser adverse effects.</p>
Comparative study of efficacy of minoxidil versus minoxidil with platelet rich plasma versus minoxidil with dermaroller in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Gowda Adarsh , Sankey Sana Mariam , B. C. Sharath Kumar 
Published: February 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Androgenetic alopecia is characterized by progressive hair loss and is recognized as having significant psychological effects on affected patients with a negative impact on QOL. Drug therapies specifically approved by FDA for treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are limited to minoxidil and finasteride. There are limited three arm studies comparing treatment modalities in AGA, hence we undertook this study to compare the 3 most common, affordable therapeutic modalities used currently in AGA and their effects.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective comparative parallel group interventional study. 90 subjects recruited into 3 groups, group A treated with minoxidil alone, group B with minoxidil and dermaroller and group C with minoxidil and platelet rich plasma (PRP).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> At the end of 5 months 50% patients in group C showed moderate improvement which was found to be superior to the other treatment groups. On the basis of global photographs secondary efficacy analysis was done and all arms were found to have slight improvement. Dermoscopic analysis done at baseline and 5 months showed that group C showed maximum improvement. Pain was the most common side effect noted in group C while pruritus and seborrheic dermatitis was seen more in group A. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study showed best results in patients treated with PRP and minoxidil. They have emerged as new non-surgical treatment modalities for AGA, with minimal side effects, good safety profile and patient satisfaction. There are limited three arm studies comparing the efficacy and side effect profile of these 3 modalities in AGA. </p><p> </p>
Purpura fulminans secondary to indian tick typhus: a case report
Authors: Devaraj Yogesh , Swaroop M. Ranga , Mallya Rashmi R. , Sajeed Aneesa , Reddy K. Yashwanth 
Published: February 2021

<p>Purpura fulminans is a rare and commonly fatal syndrome that consists of hemorrhagic infarction of the skin and intravascular thrombosis. Purpura fulminans is commonly associated with streptococcal, staphylococcal and meningococcal infection. Indian tick typhus is a rare cause of purpura fulminans. One of the rare causes of purpura fulminans is Indian tick typhus, which is a type of rickettsial spotted fever caused by <em>Rickettsia conorii</em> and transmitted to humans by <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus </em>(also called the dog tick). Clinical features of Indian tick typhus include fever, maculopapular rash that begins on the extremities with a centripetal spread, and constitutional symptoms including headache, malaise and conjunctival congestion. Severe cases can progress to multi-organ disease including pulmonary edema, meningoencephalitis, renal failure and cardiogenic shock can occur. Current report present a case of a 48 year old male patient who presented with features of Indian tick typhus which progressed to purpura fulminans and necrotizing fasciitis.</p><p> </p>
Funun Al-Badi’ Fi Suroh Al-Fathi: Dirasah Washfiyyah Tahliliyyah Balaghiyah
Authors: Al Anshory Abdul Muntaqim 
Published: February 2021

The Holy Quran was filled with the miracle of God, one of isBadi’. Badi’ is the sciences of rhetoric, which is the science of Arabic language, which examines the rules of the Arabic language method used in writing and conversation. Badi’ is looking at the meaning or the word in terms of decorating and refining it. Mahmoud Sheikhan said that he knew of the object of improving the speech that is appropriate and clear. The researcher looked for the science of Badi’ in Surrah Al-Fath because this surrah is Madaniyah surrah, The Victory surrah for believers on infidels. And its has characteristics by the other in terms of wonderful methods that indicate the eloquence of the Quran. The methodology of this research is qualitative descriptive approach. The result of the research is: 1. The verses that include the numerals: verses 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 27, and 29; Verses containing the interview: verses 24 and 25. 2. The verses that include verbal enhancements in Surat Al-Fath are as follows: The verses that include the Courage: Verse 4-5, 11-13, 16-17, 19-20, 21-22, 25-26 and The verses that include the budget: Verse 6-11, 13-15, 18-19, 24-25, 27-29. Keyword: Badi’, Al-Fathi surrah.
God in the Narrative of the Zindiq’s Literature
Authors: Kholil Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

It is undeniable that humans as an active subject highly involve in colouring religion, necessarily leading to the belief in the existence of God. God is then described in accordance with certain narratives based on their knowledge and experience. Some suggest with majestic beauty through an emphasis on Jamaliyah that the narrative invites sympathy and longing for God. On the contrary, some also emphasize on Jalaliyah, so the narrative leads to fear in His punishment. This paper presents a comprehensive description of God under the literary narratives of Sufi, the practitioners of Sufism, widely known as people who emphasize on the esoteric side of religion. God, in the narrative of Sufi, is the Supreme, Most Gracious, and Loving. According to them, God manifests in various entities, so everything in the universe is 'deified'. Only the One God is worshipped while others only need to be respected. Keywords: God, literature, religion, Sufi, Sufism
Assessing a Smart Technology versus a Mathematical model to Estimate the Transverse Shear Stress Distribution in a Rectangular Channel
Authors: Lashkar-Ara Babak , Kalantari Niloofar , Sheikh Khozani Zohreh , Mosavi Amir 
Published: February 2021

One of the most important subjects of hydraulic engineering is the reliable estimation of the transverse distribution in rectangular channel of bed and wall shear stresses. This study makes use of the Tsallis entropy, Genetic Programming (GP) and (ANFIS) methods to assess the shear stress distribution (SSD) in rectangular channel. To evaluate the results of the Tsallis entropy, GP and ANFIS models, laboratory observations were used in which shear stress was measured using an optimized Preston tube. This is then used to measure the SSD in various aspect ratios in the rectangular channel. To investigate the shear stress percentage, 10 data series with a total of 112 different data for were used. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the most influential parameter for the SSD in smooth rectangular channel is the dimensionless parameter B/H, Where the transverse co-ordinate is B, and the flow depth is H. With the parameters (b/B), (B/H) for the bed and (z/H), (B/H) for the wall as inputs, the modeling of the GP was better than the other one. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the use of GP and ANFIS algorithms is more effective in estimating shear stress in smooth rectangular channels than the Tsallis entropy-based equations.
Porphyromonas gingivalis induces penetration of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan through the gingival epithelium via degradation of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroki , Yamaga Shunsuke , Sasaki Naoko , Kuboniwa Masae , Matsusaki Michiya , Amano Atsuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen in severe and chronic manifestations of periodontal disease, which is one of the most common infections of humans. A central feature of P. gingivalis pathogenicity is dysregulation of innate immunity at the gingival epithelial interface. We previously showed that junctional adhesion molecule 1 (JAM1) was specifically degraded by P. gingivalis, leading to epithelial barrier breakdown in gingival tissues. Whereas, the involvement of the other JAM family protein(s) in the epithelial barrier dysregulation by P. gingivalis remains unknown. Here we show that Arg-specific or Lys-specific cysteine proteases named gingipains produced by P. gingivalis specifically degrade coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR), a tight junction associated protein, at R145 and K235 in gingival epithelial cells. A P. gingivalis strain lacking gingipains was impaired in degradation of CXADR. Knockdown of CXADR in a three-dimensional multilayered tissue model increased permeability to 40 kDa dextran, lipopolysaccharide, and proteoglycan. Inversely, overexpression of CXADR in a gingival epithelial tissue model prevented penetration by these agents following P. gingivalis infection. Our findings strongly suggest that P. gingivalis gingipains disrupt barrier function of stratified squamous epithelium via degradation of CXADR as well as JAM1, efficiently allowing bacterial virulence factors to penetrate into subepithelial tissues.
Incidence and Prognosis of Bone Metastasis in Newly Diagnosed Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A SEER Population-Based Study
Authors: Qi Lin , Zhang Wenchao , Ren Xiaolei , Liu Chaoqian , Tu Chao , Li Zhihong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Clinical characteristics and sociodemographic of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients with bone metastasis (BM) remain unclear. Methods: Data of patients with newly diagnosed DTC from 2010 to 2016 were retrieved from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Incidence trend of BM in patients with DTC was explored by joinpoint regression. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to figure out predictors of BM at initial presentation of DTC, and was further evaluated by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to reason out factors associated with overall survival and DTC-specific survival.Results: A total of 67,176 patients with DTC were identified from the database, with 0.36% (244/67176) presenting BM at the time of diagnosis. The age-adjusted incidence of BM in DTC was relatively stable during study period with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 2.52. Multivariable logistic regression recognized eight factors as predictors of presence of BM among the entire cohort. Multivariable Cox regression indicated multiple metastatic sites, total thyroidectomy and radioisotopes as predictors for survival of patients.Conclusions: The incidence of BM in DTC patients has been stable in recent years. Predictors and prognostic factors of BM in DTC patients were identified in this study.
Combining ability and genetic diversity under low-temperature conditions at germination stage of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Zhang Jiayue , Li Yichen , Zhang Ziwen , Di Hong , Zhang Lin , Wang Xuerui , Wang Zhenhua , Zhou Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Low temperatures are important for the production of spring maize in northern China. While the low-temperature tolerance of maize seeds can be improved by coating them, this can result in environmental pollution, high costs, and instability. Identifying new varieties of maize is the most effective method of improving the ability of maize crops to withstand low temperatures. In this experiment, four low-temperature tolerant maize inbred lines (DNF266, Zhong451, B73, Dan340) and four low-temperature sensitive maize inbred lines (Luyuan92, Ji853, Huangzaosi, Si144) were selected from the northern spring maize area. The griffing double-row hybridization design method was used to prepare 28 hybrid combinations. After analysing the general combining ability and the special combining ability, we found that the indoor low-temperature index and low-temperature seedings were extremely similar. The hybridization and parental inbred lines were subjected to low-temperature treatments both indoors and in the field. Several low-temperature indexes were assessed to identify what results could be produced from combining them. Under both treatments, the inbred line DNF266 had a higher general combining ability, and the Zhong451 × Dan340 hybrid combination had a higher special combining ability. These results provide technical support for breeding new low-temperature maize varieties.
Lymphatic Leakage after Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Cervical Cancer: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Chen Li , Lin Liang , Li Ling , Xie Zuolian , He Haixin , Lin Cuibo , Chen Jian , Lin An 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The study aims to evaluate the clinical features and management of postoperative lymphatic leakage (PLL) in patients with cervical cancer who received pelvic lymphadenectomy. Methods: This retrospective study screened consecutive patients with cervical cancer (stage Ia2-IIb). Results: Among 3427 cases screened, 63 patients (1.8%) were diagnosed with PLL, which manifested as persistent abdominal drainage (42/63, 66.7%), chylous ascites (12/63, 19.0%) or vaginal drainage (9/63, 14.3%). Median time from surgery to onset of PLL was 6 days (range, 4-21 days). All cases resolved in a median 10 days (range, 3-56 days) after conservative treatment; although one case experienced recurrence of vaginal drainage after 26 days, this also resolved after conservative therapy. Multivariate analysis showed that two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 3.283; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.289-8.360; P=0.013 ), a decrease in hemoglobin level of ≥20 and <30 g/L (OR, 6.175; 95%CI, 1.033-10.919; P=0.046) or ≥30 g/L (OR, 8.467; 95%CI, 1.248-17.426; P=0.029), and postoperative albumin level ≥30 and <35 g/L (OR, 2.552; 95%CI, 1.112-5.857; P=0.027) or <30 g/L (OR, 5.517; 95%CI, 2.047-18.148; P=0.012) were associated with PLL.Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative anemia and postoperative hypoproteinemia are risk factors for PLL.
Students’ attitudes toward digital learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey conducted following an online course in gynecology and obstetrics
Authors: Olmes Gregor Leonhard , Zimmermann Julia Sarah Maria , Stotz Lisa , Takacs Zoltan Ferenc , Hamza Amr , Radosa Marc Philipp , Findeklee Sebastian , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Radosa J. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this survey was to assess medical students’ opinions about online learning programs and their preferences for specific teaching formats.MethodsBetween May and July 2020, medical students who took an online gynecology and obstetrics course were asked to fill in a questionnaire anonymously. The questionnaire solicited their opinions about the course, the teaching formats used (online lectures, video tutorials featuring real patient scenarios, and online practical skills training), and digital learning in general.Results Of 103 students, 98 (98 %) submitted questionnaires that were included in the analysis. Eighty-four (86 %) students had no problem with the online course and 70 (72 %) desired more online teaching in the future. Thirty-seven (38 %) respondents preferred online to traditional lectures. Seventy-two (74 %) students missed learning with real patients. All digital teaching formats received good and excellent ratings from >80 % of the students.ConclusionThe survey results reflect medical students’ broad acceptance of the online course and indicate that digital learning options can partially replace conventional face-to-face teaching. Especially for theoretical content, such as that taught via lectures, online teaching might be an alternative or complement to traditional education. In contrast, skill development and the application of practical knowledge still need a patient-centered structure.
Enzymatic hydrolysis by Trichoderma reesei of diluted acid-pretreated wastepaper for bioethanol production
Authors: Hossain Nazia , Hoong Lee Lai , Barua Pranta , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M , Mahlia Teuku Meurah Indra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste biomass for bioethanol production is considered a traditional, inexpensive, and energy-effective approach decades ago. In the present study, waste office paper was pretreated with diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrolysed with one of the most available and cost-effective enzymes, cellulase from Trichoderma reesei, under submerged static condition. Wastepaper size was reduced to 2cm2, blended with water and dry wet-blended, and pretreated with diluted H2SO4. Among different concentrations (0.5M, 1.0M, 1.5M, 2.0M) of H2SO4, the maximum glucose content was obtained at 2.0M H2SO4 at 90 min reaction time, and glucose yield was 0.11g glucose/g wastepaper. The cut paper, wet-blended, and acid-treated wastepaper was hydrolysed with cellulase enzyme for 2, 4, and 5 consecutive days with 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, and 20mg enzyme loadings. The maximum glucose content was obtained, 9.75g/l after 5 days of enzymatic hydrolysis with 20mg enzyme loading and a glucose yield of a 0.5g glucose/g wastepaper. The wastepaper hydrolysate was further fermented for 6, 8, and 10 hours continuously with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), and at 10 hours of fermentation, the maximum glucose consumption was 0.18g by yeast. Later, HPLC analysis of the fermented medium presented a strong peak of bioethanol content at 16.12min. Further, the distillation of bioethanol by rotary evaporator presented 0.79ml bioethanol/fermented solution, which indicated the conversion efficiency of 79%.
Serum alkaline phosphatase is associated with arterial stiffness and 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk in a Chinese population
Authors: Guo Wen , Li Xiaona , Wu Juan , Zhu Wenfang , Lu Jing , Qin Pei , Diao Qingqing , Xu Nainzhen , Zhang Qun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been recognized as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or mortality, recently. This study aimed to explore the association of ALP with arterial stiffness and 10-year CVD risk.
Methods
A total of 12539 participants without CVD who underwent health examinations including serum ALP level were retrospectively analyzed. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and10-year CVD risk was evaluated by Framingham risk score (FRS).
Results
All participants were stratified into four groups according to the quartile of serum ALP. Participants with high ALP quartiles had higher cardiovascular parameters and baPWV, as well as an increase 10-year CVD risk. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum ALP was an independently risk factor for elevated baPWV and 10-year CVD risk after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors in both women and men. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of serum ALP for predicting elevated baPWV was 0.740 (95%CI 0.726–0.754, P < 0.001) in women, larger than that in men.
Conclusions
Serum ALP is independently associated with arterial stiffness and 10-year CVD risk in the general Chinese population. Our results also imply the better performance of serum ALP in women than men for predicting subclinical atherosclerosis.