bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Exchange Rate Pass-through and International Monetary Policy Cooperation
Authors: Huang Zhigang , Li Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is no consensus on the existence of welfare gains from international monetary policy cooperation. This study adds to the debate by providing a new open macroeconomics model with incomplete exchange rate pass-through. We find that, from a global perspective, the welfare gains from international monetary policy cooperation arise with incomplete exchange rate pass-through. Furthermore, the country’s incentive for cooperation increases with its degree of exchange rate pass-through. Cooperation benefits small countries with high pass-through; however, it is disadvantageous to large countries with low pass-through. In addition, when there is in the absence of cooperation, fixed exchange rate regime is preferred for a country suffering from monetary uncertainty, particularly for small economies with high exchange rate pass-through.
Lending standards, productivity, and credit crunches
Authors: Swarbrick Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe propose a macroeconomic model in which adverse selection in investment amplifies macroeconomic fluctuations, in line with the prominent role played by the credit crunch during the financial crisis. Endogenous lending standards emerge due to an informational asymmetry between borrowers and lenders about the riskiness of borrowers. By using loan approval probability as a screening device, banks ration credit following increases in lending risk, generating large endogenous movements in TFP, explaining why productivity often falls during crises. Furthermore, the mechanism implies that financial instability is heightened when interest rates are low.
ORIENTATION OF PIECEWISE POWERS OF A MINIMAL HOMEOMORPHISM
Authors: REID COLIN D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe show that, given a compact minimal system
$(X,g)$
and an element h of the topological full group
$\tau [g]$
of g, the infinite orbits of h admit a locally constant orientation with respect to the orbits of g. We use this to obtain a clopen partition of
$(X,G)$
into minimal and periodic parts, where G is any virtually polycyclic subgroup of
$\tau [g]$
. We also use the orientation of orbits to give a refinement of the index map and to describe the role in
$\tau [g]$
of the submonoid generated by the induced transformations of g. Finally, we consider the problem, given a homeomorphism h of the Cantor space X, of determining whether or not there exists a minimal homeomorphism g of X such that
$h \in \tau [g]$
.
Analysis and Transformation of Constrained Horn Clauses for Program Verification
Authors: DE ANGELIS EMANUELE , FIORAVANTI FABIO , GALLAGHER JOHN P. , HERMENEGILDO MANUEL V. , PETTOROSSI ALBERTO , PROIETTI MAURIZIO 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys recent work on applying analysis and transformation techniques that originate in the field of constraint logic programming (CLP) to the problem of verifying software systems. We present specialization-based techniques for translating verification problems for different programming languages, and in general software systems, into satisfiability problems for constrained Horn clauses (CHCs), a term that has become popular in the verification field to refer to CLP programs. Then, we describe static analysis techniques for CHCs that may be used for inferring relevant program properties, such as loop invariants. We also give an overview of some transformation techniques based on specialization and fold/unfold rules, which are useful for improving the effectiveness of CHC satisfiability tools. Finally, we discuss future developments in applying these techniques.
Transborder Capitalism and National Reconciliation: The American Press Reimagines U.S.-Mexico Relations after the Civil War
Authors: Beverton Alys 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe end of the Civil War did not eradicate Americans’ concerns regarding the fragility of their republic. For many years after Appomattox, newspapers from across the political spectrum warned that the persistence of sectionalism in the postwar United States threatened to condemn the country to the kind of interminable internal disorder supposedly endemic among the republics of Latin America. This article examines how, from the early 1870s onward, growing numbers of U.S. editors, journalists, and political leaders called on Americans to concentrate on extending their nation’s commercial reach into Mexico. In doing so, they hoped to topple divisive domestic issues—notably Reconstruction—from the top of the national political agenda. These leaders in U.S. public discourse also anticipated that collaboration in a project to extend the United States’ continental power would revive affective bonds of nationality between the people of the North and South. In making this analysis, this article argues that much of the early impetus behind U.S. commercial penetration south of the Rio Grande after the Civil War was fueled by Americans’ deep anxieties regarding the integrity of their so-called exceptional republic.
Structural equation model of young farmers' intention to adopt sustainable agriculture: a case study in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Apurbo , Wang Hongyu , Rahman Airin , Abdul Azim Jony , Hussain Memon Waqar , Qian Lu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to assess young farmers' willingness to adopt sustainable agriculture (SA) by implementing the expanded theory of planned behavior (TPB) within the northern region of Bangladesh. The outcomes attained specified that attitudes toward SA, perceived behavior control and perceived self-identity have progressive and fundamental impacts on adoption behavior and affect farmers' intentions to adopt SA's particular production mechanism. On the other hand, the social interface view toward SA is not significantly associated with the Bangladeshi farmer's adoption intention. The results also show that interconnections between social and familial pressure are not significant for sustainable farming practice adoption intentions. However, the interconnections among the psychosocial factors have a crucial role in formulating the TPB to forecast the intentional behavior for adopting SA practices. Thus, the government should highlight the advantages of several sustainable agricultural practices and circulate more detailed information regarding SA tactics to improve the knowledge gap of smallholder farmers. Furthermore, training facilities should be extended to improve the attitude and perceived self-identity of young farmers. Moreover, the formulation of structural information sharing platforms and agricultural value chain facilities should also help shape young farmers' interpersonal behavior in adopting SA practices.
Syn‐Eruptive Hydration of Volcanic Ash Records Pyroclast‐Water Interaction in Explosive Eruptions
Authors: Hudak Michael R. , Bindeman Ilya N. , Loewen Matthew W. , Giachetti Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMagma‐water interaction can dramatically influence the explosivity of volcanic eruptions. However, syn‐ and post‐eruptive diffusion of external (non‐magmatic) water into volcanic glass remains poorly constrained and may bias interpretation of water in juvenile products. Hydrogen isotopes in ash from the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, record syn‐eruptive hydration by vaporized glacial meltwater. Both ash aggregation and hydration occurred in the wettest regions of the plume, which resulted in the removal and deposition of the most hydrated ash in proximal areas <50 km from the vent. Diffusion models show that the high temperatures of pyroclast‐water interactions (>400°C) are more important than the cooling rate in facilitating hydration. These observations suggest that syn‐eruptive glass hydration occurred where meltwater was entrained at high temperature, in the plume margins near the vent. Ash in the drier plume interior remained insulated from entrained meltwater until it cooled sufficiently to avoid significant hydration.
Large‐Scale Parallel Electric Field Colocated in an Extended Electron Diffusion Region During the Magnetosheath Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Wang Shimou , Wang Rongsheng , Lu Quanming , Russell C. T. , Ergun R. E. , Wang Shui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission of large‐scale parallel electric fields in a magnetosheath reconnecting current sheet. The four MMS satellites successively crossed an electron jet embedded in a broad current sheet and detected a unipolar being colocated with the jet. The strong electron pressure anisotropy inside the broad current sheet suggests that the jet could be generated by the firehose instability. The observations show that the large‐amplitude can fill the entire electron diffusion region (EDR) in the magnetosheath reconnection and thus dominates electron acceleration therein, dramatically different from EDRs in the magnetotail and magnetopause where large‐amplitude unipolar was rarely detected. The appearance of this could be due to the strong guide field which is common in the magnetosheath.
Airborne Infrasound Makes a Splash
Authors: Bowman Daniel C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural and anthropogenic events may create low frequency sound waves, or infrasound, that can travel for vast distances in planetary atmospheres. They permit the remote monitoring of geophysical activity over local to global scales. Most studies have utilized ground‐based recorders, but it is possible to deploy acoustic sensors to altitudes of over 50 km. Such elevated platforms can capture sounds that their surface analogs cannot access. High altitude balloons and low altitude aerostats are filling this observation gap, but key environments remain out of reach of both of these. Recent work by den Ouden, Smets et al. (2021) addressed this with a new instrumentation platform—a large seabird flying just above the ocean's surface. Their work demonstrates that, infrasound sensing using heavier‐than‐air platforms in windy environments is possible, which has implications both terrestrially (e.g., extending sensor networks over the oceans) and extraterrestrially (proposed or planned missions to Venus and Titan).
Thermospheric Composition and Solar EUV Flux From the Global‐Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission
Authors: Correira J. , Evans J. S. , Lumpe J. D. , Krywonos A. , Daniell R. , Veibell V. , McClintock W. E. , Eastes R. W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObservations of far‐ultraviolet (FUV) dayglow by the Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission provide a new opportunity to monitor relative composition changes in the upper atmosphere as well as solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) variability. Relative composition changes are quantified by ΣO/N2, the column density ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen, while QEUV provides a measure of the solar EUV energy flux from 1 to 45 nm into the upper atmosphere. This spectral range provides the ionizing radiation which ultimately results in FUV airglow emission produced by photodissociation and photoelectron impact. The quantities ΣO/N2 and QEUV are derived from GOLD FUV observations through lookup tables that are constructed using a first‐principles photoelectron transport model. The two FUV emissions used are O I 135.6 nm and the N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) bands. We present an overview of the theoretical basis for the algorithms and practical considerations for application to GOLD data. The effects of uncertainties in electron impact cross sections, off‐nadir viewing, and instrument artifacts are reviewed. We also discuss GOLD Level 1C DAY, Level 2 data products ON2 and QEUV, and present representative samples of each.
Seasonal and Solar Cycle Dependence of Energy Transfer Rates in the Auroral E‐Region
Authors: Zhan Weijia , Kaeppler Stephen R. , Reimer Ashton , Varney Roger 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report one of the first comprehensive ground‐based investigations of energy transfer rates in the E‐region ionosphere compared relative to geomagnetic activity, seasonal effects, and solar activity level using nearly continuously sampled data collected with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) between 2010 and 2019. We quantified the integrated electromagnetic (EM) energy transfer rate and the integrated Joule heating rate in the E‐region between 90 and 130 km, which includes the contribution from the neutral winds. We find that (a) the median Joule heating rate and EM energy transfer rate in the evening sector are larger in the winter versus the summer and have similar magnitudes in the spring and fall for the same solar activity and geomagnetic conditions. (b) The seasonal dependence of the energy transfer rates is closely associated with the seasonal variations of the electric fields. Our analysis shows that the larger EM energy transfer and Joule heating rates in disturbed conditions in the winter versus the summer are associated with the combined effects of both the electric field and Pedersen conductance with the electric field playing a dominant role. Given that the Pedersen conductance in the evening sector is closely related to the particle precipitation and field aligned currents in the auroral region, this study provides complementary ionospheric evidence of the winter‐summer asymmetry of the intensity and density of field‐aligned currents (e.g., Ohtani et al., 2009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009ja014115). (c) The geomagnetic activity level has the most significant impact on the magnitude of the energy transfer rates, followed by seasonal variations, and last the solar activity level.
Comparison of ICON/MIGHTI and TIMED/TIDI Neutral Wind Measurements in the Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Dhadly Manbharat S. , Englert Christoph R. , Drob Douglas P. , Emmert John T. , Niciejewski Rick , Zawdie Kate A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study cross‐compares ICON/MIGHTI and Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics & Dynamics (TIMED)/TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) MLT region neutral winds from middle Northern Hemisphere to low Southern Hemisphere latitudes. We utilized MIGHTI level‐2.2 (v4) and TIDI level‐3 (v11) neutral winds from January 2020 to November 2020 and found their conjunctions using a space‐time window of LST ± 15 min, latitude ± 4°, and longitude ± 4° around each TIDI wind measurement. Due to the nature of their orbital geometry, frequent conjunctions occurred between MIGHTI and TIDI. These conjunctions are spread in longitudes and they occur at approximately fixed LSTs and latitudes, which allows us to compare their observed diurnal variability. MIGHTI and TIDI wind observations agree well (except on the TIDI coldside during forward flight) and show similar large amplitude longitudinal variations that can reach more than 100 m/s. MIGHTI and TIDI zonal and meridional winds show moderate correlations of 0.60 and 0.55, respectively. The slopes of regression fits for zonal and meridional winds are 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. The root mean square differences in zonal and meridional winds are 56 and 66 m/s, respectively. We found that TIDI coldside measurements in forward flight show a systematic bias and this behavior is repetitive as the instrument pointing direction is changed by the periodic TIMED yaw maneuver. The nature of this systematic bias suggests that the TIDI zero‐wind references (at least for the coldside telescopes) need revision. This investigation can provide guidance toward improving the TIDI data analysis. In addition, the results of this study act as a validation of MIGHTI MLT winds.
Apparent Age Dependence of the Fault Weakening Distance in Rock Friction
Authors: Beeler N. M. , Rubin Allan , Bhattacharya Pathikrit , Kilgore Brian , Tullis Terry 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring rock friction experiments at large displacement, room temperature and humidity, and following a hold test, the fracture energy increases approximately as the square of the logarithm of hold duration. While it's been long known that failure strength increases with log hold time, here the slip weakening distance, dh, also increases. The weakening distance increase is large, hundreds of percent change over a few thousand seconds. The initial bare surface and simulated fault gouge experiments were conducted in rotary shear at 25 MPa normal stress, 21 MPa confining stress and at displacements greater than 100 mm. In contrast, initially bare surface experiments at 5 MPa normal stress, unconfined at displacements less than 10 mm show effectively no change in dh. We attribute the difference to the presence of an appreciable shear zone that develops due to wear over significant displacements, confined at elevated normal stress. Prior published studies of sheared simulated fault gouge at short displacement show both acknowledged and unacknowledged increases in dh that may relate to our observations. Since natural faults have well‐developed shear zones, the observations have more direct relevance to earthquake nucleation than prior laboratory studies that use short displacement data and focus on frictional strength recovery alone. However, the physics underlying this increase in weakening distance are not known; candidates are compaction (Nakatani, 1998) and delocalization (Sleep et al., 2000). Additional caveats are that these are room temperature and humidity experiments, at a single normal stress that have not yet been reproduced in other laboratories.
Emergence of β1 integrin-deficient breast tumours from dormancy involves both inactivation of p53 and generation of a permissive tumour microenvironment
Authors: Bui Tung , Gu Yu , Ancot Frédéric , Sanguin-Gendreau Virginie , Zuo Dongmei , Muller William J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying mammary tumour dormancy and cancer recurrence are unclear and remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that mammary epithelial-specific disruption of β1 integrin in a murine model of Luminal B human breast cancer drastically impairs tumour growth with proliferation block, apoptosis induction and cellular senescence. β1 integrin-deficient dormant lesions show activation of the tumour suppressor p53, and tumours that circumvent dormancy possess p53 mutation analogous to those in human disease. We further demonstrate that mammary epithelial deletion of p53 in β1 integrin-deficient mice fully rescues tumour dormancy and bypasses cellular senescence. Additionally, recurrent β1 integrin-deficient tumours exhibit fibrosis with increased cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition, absent in fast-growing β1 integrin/p53-deficient lesions. Taken together, these observations argue that β1 integrin modulates p53-dependent cellular senescence resulting in tumour dormancy and that pro-tumourigenic stromal cues and intrinsic genetic mutation are required for dormancy exit.
Predictors of clinical response after rTMS treatment of patients suffering from drug-resistant depression
Authors: Lacroix Aurélie , Calvet Benjamin , Laplace Benjamin , Lannaud Marilyne , Plansont Brigitte , Guignandon Sandrine , Balestrat Patrice , Girard Murielle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRepeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a therapeutic brain-stimulation technique that is particularly used for drug-resistant depressive disorders. European recommendations mention the effectiveness of 30 to 64%. The failure rate of treatment is high and clinical improvement is visible only after a certain period of time. It would thus be useful to have indicators that could anticipate the success of treatment and more effectively guide therapeutic choices. We aimed to find predictive indicators of clinical improvement at 1 month after the start of rTMS treatment among the data collected during the care of patients with drug-resistant depression included in the Neuromodulation Unit of the Esquirol Hospital in Limoges since 2007. In total, 290 patients with a pharmaco-resistant depressive episode, according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (score ≥8), before treatment who underwent a complete course of rTMS treatment and did not object to the use of their collected data were included. The clinical response in routine practice, corresponding to a decrease in the HDRS score of at least 50% from inclusion, was determined and complemented by interquartile analysis. A combination of factors predictive of clinical response during care, such as a short duration of the current depressive episode associated with a higher HDRS agitation item value (or a lower perceived sleepiness value) and a higher number of previous rTMS treatments, were identified as being useful in predicting the efficacy of rTMS treatment in routine clinical practice, thus facilitating the therapeutic choice for patients with drug-resistant depression.
Deletion of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit gene (Gria1) causes circadian rhythm disruption and aberrant responses to environmental cues
Authors: Ang Gauri , Brown Laurence A. , Tam Shu K. E. , Davies Kay E. , Foster Russell G. , Harrison Paul J. , Sprengel Rolf , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. , Oliver Peter L. , Bannerman David M. , Peirson Stuart N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDysfunction of the glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluA1 subunit and deficits in synaptic plasticity are implicated in schizophrenia and sleep and circadian rhythm disruption. To investigate the role of GluA1 in circadian and sleep behaviour, we used wheel-running, passive-infrared, and video-based home-cage activity monitoring to assess daily rest–activity profiles of GluA1-knockout mice (Gria1−/−). We showed that these mice displayed various circadian abnormalities, including misaligned, fragmented, and more variable rest–activity patterns. In addition, they showed heightened, but transient, behavioural arousal to light→dark and dark→light transitions, as well as attenuated nocturnal-light-induced activity suppression (negative masking). In the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), nocturnal-light-induced cFos signals (a molecular marker of neuronal activity in the preceding ~1–2 h) were attenuated, indicating reduced light sensitivity in the SCN. However, there was no change in the neuroanatomical distribution of expression levels of two neuropeptides―vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP)―differentially expressed in the core (ventromedial) vs. shell (dorsolateral) SCN subregions and both are known to be important for neuronal synchronisation within the SCN and circadian rhythmicity. In the motor cortex (area M1/M2), there was increased inter-individual variability in cFos levels during the evening period, mirroring the increased inter-individual variability in locomotor activity under nocturnal light. Finally, in the spontaneous odour recognition task GluA1 knockouts’ short-term memory was impaired due to enhanced attention to the recently encountered familiar odour. These abnormalities due to altered AMPA-receptor-mediated signalling resemble and may contribute to sleep and circadian rhythm disruption and attentional deficits in different modalities in schizophrenia.