bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CULTURAL CONTENTS IN THE ELT TEXTBOOK PREPARED BY THE INDONESIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Deswila Nurhamsi , Kustati Martin , Yusuf Yunisrina Qismullah , Raja Harun Raja Nor Safinas , - Besral , - Rehani 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose: Learning materials are powerful resources in facilitating students’ intercultural communication competence; therefore, this study aims to investigate the cultural contents presented in the textbook for Year 11 students in Indonesian secondary schools. Methodology: This study employed a content analysis approach based on the framework by Cortazzi and Jin (1999). The texts, dialogues and images in the textbook were analyzed to understand which culture they represent. Findings: The textbook contains elements of the target culture, native culture and other international cultures in varying degrees. The dominant culture presented in the textbook is the target culture (57.6%). Elements of native culture represent about one-third of the content (30.3%). However, the content related to other international cultures is very limited (12.1%). When there is a lack of exposure to international cultures, students’ cognitive and affective skills may subsequently reduce and this leads to difficulty in developing their intercultural competence. Revision to some parts of the textbook should be done to meet the ideal requirements. Contributions: The study provides insights into the cultural contents of the ELT textbook used in Indonesian secondary schools and it suggests that the textbook should be revised to meet the requirement of intercultural competence.

Keywords: ELT textbook, intercultural competence, international culture, native culture, target culture.

Cite as: Deswila, N., Kustati, M., Yusuf, Y. Q., Raja Harun, R. N. S., Besral, & Rehani. (2021). Cultural contents in the ELT textbook prepared by the Indonesian ministry of education for secondary schools. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 222-241. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp222-241
THE WORLD'S OLDEST UNIVERSITY AND ITS FINANCING EXPERIENCE: A STUDY ON AL-QARAWIYYIN UNIVERSITY (859-990)
Authors: Hoque Muhammad Nazmul , Abdullah Md. Faruk 
Published: June 2021

Al-Qarawiyyin University's independence in terms of finances had been a significant and influential factor in making it possible for the university to maintain its high quality. Therefore, this paper aims to examine and analyse the financial sources for the development and operation of this university. It reviews and analyses historical data through relevant literature and documents. Waqf played a significant role in providing financial assistance to the university's communities and in strengthening its academic quality. There were four significant types of waqf sources which were the individual fund, the collective waqf fund, the Sultan fund and the alumni fund along with different other types of charities, i.e. sadaqah. This article adds new knowledge by examining the financing experiences of the world's oldest university. It is expected that the instance of Al-Qarawiyyin University may contribute to finding out a solution for the funding crises in contemporary institutions. This review is hoped to constitute a significant contribution to scholarship in general and act as a suggestion for solving the contemporary funding crisis of higher educational institutions.

Keywords: Al-Qarawiyyin University, financing higher education, Morocco, Waqf.

Cite as: Hoque, M. N., & Abdullah, M. F. (2021). The world's oldest university and its financing experience: A study on Al-Qarawiyyin University (859-990). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 24-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp24-41
POLICY CHANGE IMPLEMENTATION: THE CASE OF THE CEFR IN MALAYSIAN ESL CLASSROOMS
Authors: C. Alih Nur Ashiquin , Abdul Raof Abdul Halim , Md. Yusof Masdinah Alauyah 
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose: With rapid global development happening in the world today, the field of education has been awash with various change forces. In an effort to ensure its system is globally competitive, Malaysia has taken a step to align its English language education system to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). However, any change in policy is not without problems and challenges as studies have shown that challenges were inevitable and stakeholders’ buy-in on the new change is necessary. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the challenges faced by teachers in implementing the CEFR in Malaysian ESL classrooms, their belief on this new reform and their readiness to implement the CEFR.

Methodology: A mixed-method design was utilized with the use of questionnaire and semi structured interview as means for data collection. 365 English language teachers responded to the questionnaire while 15 English language teachers participated in interview sessions.

Findings: The data revealed five challenges namely teachers’ motivation, materials, time, students’ proficiency level and facilities. Despite facing multiple challenges, all teachers exhibited positive belief towards the adoption of the CEFR. The study also showed that although teachers were emotionally ready to accept the change, their cognitive readiness for change however is dependent upon three important facets namely time, collective effort and adequate materials.

Contributions: The study provides insights into the change in policy involving the CEFR implementation in the Malaysian English language education system which contributes to the scarce literature on the implementation of CEFR.

Keywords: Policy implementation, challenges in policy change, teachers’ belief, Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), readiness for change.

Cite as: C. Alih, N. A., Abdul Raof, A. H., & Md. Yusof, M. A. (2021). Policy change implementation: The case of the CEFR in Malaysian ESL classrooms. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 296-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp296-317
Gêneros do discurso e Sitz im Leben: a origem comum e a relação entre os conceitos teóricos
Authors: Leite Francisco Benedito 
Published: June 2021

O presente ensaio propõe a existência de relações entre a teoria de Bakhtin sobre os gêneros do discurso e o conceito de Sitz im Leben, advindo da Exegese Bíblica germânica. A hipótese apresentada é a de que ambos têm em comum a influência da filosofia idealista alemã e, mais particularmente, do Romantismo. Dada a compreensão de que os conceitos advêm de uma mesma fonte filosófica, mas suas aplicações teóricas são realizadas a objetos diferentes, pode-se buscar o desenvolvimento de uma compreensão mais ampla dos gêneros do discurso, para que este também seja aplicado aos estudos bíblicos, associado ao Sitz im Leben.
The DIY Principle in Home Improvement: Background, Motivation and Benefits
Authors: Ďurianová Andrea , Daniel Peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Producing objects for one’s own consumption is a major strand in the historical development of material culture. Making things with one’s own hands can be considered a natural means to satisfy human needs. In the present time, this form of production is covered by the term “do-it-yourself” (DIY). DIY has become a global social phenomenon, especially thanks to the opportunities enabled by the Internet. Websites provide a lively forum for discussion, sharing ideas, how-to guides, and galleries of the results of DIY projects. The present work addresses home improvement DIY projects carried out by individuals in Slovakia. The aim is to outline the background, motivation and inspiration of so called do-it-yourselfers, the DIY process and participants’ evaluation of their work. DIY is generally considered to be an activity for amateurs, which is to say people who engage in the activity in their free time, as opposed to professionals, who perform such activity as their job or to earn a living. Moreover, the paper also partly focuses on the relationship between amateurs and professionals which has shown to be the basic principle of current DIY home improvements. One of significant findings of the research showed that the individual experience of craftsmanship or craftwork and the individual need for self-expression appear to be important parts of the DIY experience. Research findings contribute to a better understanding of DIY production in the context of design as an academic discipline. The main research method used was a questionnaire titled “DIY home improvement”, which was drawn up on the model of prior research abroad.
Weight Gain of Highland Cattle Depending on the Share of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) in the Meadow Sward
Authors: Radkowski Adam , Radkowska Iwona , Bocianowski Jan , Cyplik Adrian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the different proportion of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in the meadow sward on its fodder value and daily weight gain of Highland cattle. The research was carried out on meadow sward with natural undergrowth that was cultivated by sowing perennial ryegrass. When preparing the sward for sowing, around 40% of it was damaged with a rotary tiller. The sowing rate for perennial ryegrass seeds was varied and amounted to 5, 10 and 15 kg ha−1. As a result, the following treatments of meadow sward were obtained and distinguished: semi-natural sward without sowing as the control, and three experimental treatments with approximately 18, 36 and 55% share of perennial ryegrass in the meadow sward. The animals were kept in a cowshed. In the nutritional part, the impact of feeding the obtained sward on the daily weight gain of Highland bulls and heifers was assessed. The obtained results showed higher gains in both bulls and heifers fed with sward from grasslands with a greater proportion of perennial ryegrass. The weight gain of the animals resulted from the nutrition, i.e. the quality of the feed obtained from the experimental objects. During the control fattening period, the bulls’ average daily weight gain ranged from 649 g to 714 g, while for heifers 556 g to 598 g. Statistical significance (P≤0.05) in body weight gains in both bulls and heifers was shown already at 36% of perennial ryegrass in the meadow sward.
Effect of Complexation Conditions on Microcapsulation of Lactobacillus Casei L61 in Gellan Gum–Chitosan Gels
Authors: Meng Fanbo , Shu Guowei , He Yunxia , Li Wenhui , Guo Hongxing , Meng Jiangpeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Probiotics have many benefits for human intestinal health. However, Probiotics have poor tolerance to gastric acid and bile salts of the stomach. Microencapsulation could confer protection to probiotic against harsh environments effectively. In this experiment, Lactobacillus casei L61 was embedded by extrusion with gellan gum and chitosan as wall material. The viable cells and encapsulation yield of microcapsules were used as the indexes, the optimum values of each factor were determined by a single factor experiment. Chitosan concentration 0.50%, chitosan pH 4.5, gellan gum concentration 1.50%, the volume ratio of bacterial suspension to gellan gum is 1:6, the volume ratio of bacterial gum to chitosan is 1:4, the stirring time is 40min.
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Cell Envelope Proteinase Produced by Lactobacillus Plantarum LP69
Authors: Zhang Chi , Chen He , Lei Ni , Du Guanli , Li Xiangyun , Liu Zemin , Cao Jili 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs) can hydrolyze casein into functional peptides, which is beneficial to the health of the host. The single factor experiment screened out that the optimal conditions for CEP production by Lactobacillus plantarum LP69 were 37°C, 20h, initial pH of 7, and optimal inoculation amount of 5%. The best conditions for this experiment were obtained by orthogonal experiment: time 22h, temperature 39°C, initial pH value of 6, and inoculation amount of 5%. Under this culture condition, the target protease activity of Lactobacillus plantarum LP69 reached 22.31±0.82U/mL, the protein content was 19.07±0.36mg/mL, and the specific activity was 1.17±0.06U/mg. The specific activity significantly increased by 15.8% compared with the control (p<0.05).
Artificial Intelligence in Military Application – Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Szabadföldi István 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasing role in planning and supporting military operations and becoming a key tool in intelligence and analysis of the enemy’s intelligence. Another field of application of AI is the field of application of autonomous weapon systems and vehicles. The use of AI is expected to have a greater impact on the military functions of human-machine interfaces (machine-learning, man-machine teaming). AI promises to get over the “3V challenge” (volume, variety and velocity) of Big Data, and is also expected to reduce the risks concerning the other “2V” (veracity, value), and to render data processing on a controlled level of decision based on AI’s knowledge. The aim of the article is to provide an overview on the potentials of application of AI in the military and to highlight the need to identify and define measurable indicators to evaluate benefits of state-of-the-art technologies and solutions which are expected to improve quality and performance of operations focusing on key areas as of situational awareness and decision-making support and also logistic and operational planning as well as modelling and simulation (M&S).
Contaminação mental no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo: revisão da literatura e orientações para a pesquisa e a clínica durante a pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Coutinho Thales Vianna , Dias Mariana Rodrigues Gonçalves 
Published: June 2021

É possível se contaminar através do pensamento? Objetivamente não; subjetivamente, porém, não se pode dizer o mesmo. O construto “contaminação mental” ainda é muito pouco estudado e, principalmente, pouco difundido na literatura em língua portuguesa. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi revisar os estudos que relacionaram a contaminação mental ao transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) ao longo dos últimos 5 anos. A busca foi realizada através das bases de dados PubMed, MEDLINE e PsycINFO, e após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão, seis estudos foram revisados integralmente. Com base na análise das amostras utilizadas, dos instrumentos adotados, dos resultados encontrados e das limitações informadas pelos autores de cada estudo, concluímos que: 1) poucos estudos contemplaram tanto uma população clínica como uma não clínica; 2) o Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory-Mental Contamination foi o instrumento mais utilizado para mensurar a contaminação mental; 3) a contaminação mental tem relação com outros fenômenos que também fazem parte do TOC (como a propensão ao nojo); e 4) os estudos apresentam, comumente, limitações relacionadas à amostra. Ao final, apresentamos os passos necessários para incentivar a pesquisa científica brasileira acerca da contaminaçãomental, bem como estratégias que os profissionais da saúde mental podem adotar para orientar pacientes com TOC, durante o período da pandemia, visando reduzir a suscetibilidade à contaminação mental.
Echohysterosalpingography: pros and cons. A systematic review
Authors: Pomortsev A. V. , Sencha A. N. , Astafyeva O. V. , Dyachenko Yu. Yu. , Matosyan M. A. 
Published: June 2021

Background. Infertility is becoming ever more pressing a problem by year in Russia and worldwide. Tubal-peritoneal infertility is most frequent, with the prevalence of 42.5-80.5% in various estimates. Echohysterosalpingography is considered the today’s “gold standard” in tubal-peritoneal infertility diagnosis in women. This method is known to possess a series of limitations and adverse consequences due to painful sensations during and after check-ups that psychologically afflict women.Objectives. An overview of current methods for inspecting fallopian tubes in reproductively impaired patients to inform promising diagnostic research.Methods. Publications were mined and analysed in the PubMed, eLibrary, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Cyberleninka electronic databases. The query terms were: echohysterosalpingography [эхогистеросальпингография], echohysterography [эхогистерография], infertility [бесплодие], pregnancy planning [планирование беременности], fallopian patency [проходимость маточных труб], ultrasonic diagnosis [ультразвуковая диагностика], submucous myomatous node [субмукозный миоматозный узел], incompetent uterine scar [несостоятельный рубец на матке], niche [ниша]. The topic selected was female infertility, particularly, the use of echohysterosalpingography in fallopian diagnosis in reproductively impaired women.Results. The review covers 52 sources of the total 118 analysed. Current published evidence and its review identify a notable success of imaging techniques in the fallopian tube diagnosis in women with reproductive problems. The continually developing echohysterosalpingography technique is considered more promising for routine use. Techniques gain more value in analyses of implantation failures. The main challenges in current radiodiagnosis and monitoring of fallopian lesions at a background therapy are the inspection standardisation, disease classification, imaging diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value evaluation in patients with reproductive loss and infertility.Conclusion. The prospective routes of research comprise the definition of optimal check-up terms, echohysterography and echohysterosalpingography diagnostic criteria descriptiveness, improving prognosis in the carrying of pregnancy and treatment efficacy control. A timely and accurate diagnosis of uterus and fallopian tubes is of paramount importance to sustain the women’s reproductive health.
Positive and negative properties of four endodontic sealant groups: a systematic review
Authors: Chestnyh E. V. , Larichkin I. O. , Iusufova M. V. , Oreshkina D. I. , Oreshkina E. I. , Minakova V. S. , Plekhanova S. V. 
Published: June 2021

Background. The choice of sealant is an important dentist’s decision with a long-term influence on treatment. Knowledge of the properties and characters of each material is key to the optimal endosealer selection on individual basis.Objectives. A comparison of endodontic sealants based on epoxy resins, calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide eugenol and bioceramics.Methods. Publications were mined in the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases to cover the four sealer groups (epoxy, calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide eugenol and bioceramics) over years 2014-2021, including selected relevant sources within 2002-2013; 73 articles were considered for review, regardless of the study design or language. Content and descriptive analyses were used as research tools. Meta-analysis was not used due to a high evidence heterogeneity.Results. The dental market currently offers a variety of sealant groups. Endodontic sealants based on epoxy resins, zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide and bioceramics are the most common. The review identifies no ideal material for the root canal filling.Conclusion. Manifold studies demonstrate the pros and cons in each endodontic sealant group with respect to variant criteria. Depending on clinical situation, the practitioner can opt for the material property to identify the endosealer.
Ultrasonic diagnosis of skin, facial, neck and hand soft tissue in women of different age: a non-randomised observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Bondarenko I. N. 
Published: June 2021

Background. A dynamic cross-layer visualisation of skin, its vascular structure in various anatomical facets during treatment in different age cohorts holds both scientific and practical value.Objectives. A semiotic study of skin, facial, neck and hand soft tissues using high-resolution ultrasound in women of different age cohorts.Methods. A total of 63 women aged between 22 and 59 years were enrolled. The study was designed with two comparison cohorts. The inclusion criteria were: women aged 22-59 years with no evident somatic or acute dermatological pathology not having aesthetic procedures for at least one month prior to the ultrasound examination of skin, facial, neck and hand soft tissues. The cohorts separated by age. Cohort 1 included 32 women aged 22-44 years (young), and cohort 2 — 31 women aged 45-59 years (middle-aged). High-resolution ultrasound (US) was performed in B-mode, colour Doppler and microV imaging.Results. A maximal dermal thickness was facial middle-third in both cohorts, averaging to 1.87 ± 0.35 mm in the young and 1.57 ± 0.23 — in middle-aged cohort (p <0.0001). A minimal dermal thickness in both cohorts was periorbital (1.16 ± 0.15 mm in the 22-44-year and 0.95 ± 0.12 — in 45-59-year cohort) and in dorsal hand surface (0.89 ± 0.13 and 0.9 ± 0.16 mm, respectively, p <0.0001). The dermal thickness in face and neck diminished with age due to a thinning papillary layer. An adequate dermal vascularisation rate was greater in the young cohort (p = 0.038).Conclusion. Ultrasound is effective in the diagnosis of skin, facial, neck and hand soft tissues at the planning and further control of safe injection and hardware aesthetic procedures, allowing a real-time thickness assessment of epidermis, dermis and its layers, vessels, subcutaneous fat and mimic muscles in norm and during complications.
Comparative evaluation of chitosan-based multifunctional wound dressings: a multistage randomised controlled experimental trial
Authors: Ushmarov D. I. , Gumenyuk S. E. , Gumenyuk A. S. , Gayvoronskaya T. V. , Karablina S. Ya. , Pomortsev А. V. , Sotnichenko A. S. , Melkonyan K. I. , Grigoriev T. Е. 
Published: June 2021

Background. Wounds of various aetiology are among the most frequent traumatic injuries. A prospective route to improve treatment of this nosology is the development of novel or advancement of the already on-stage dressing materials.Objectives. A comparative experimental assay of novel chitosan-based wound dressings in the healing of soft tissue wounds of different genesis using ultrasound to control biodegradation of the developed dosage form.Methods. Soft tissue wounds were modelled in experimental animals, conventional and lineage male rats, 275 (± 25) g body weight, and male rabbits, 2,900 (± 150) g weight, using a proprietary methodology (Patent on invention RU No. 2703709 dated 23 August, 2018).Two wound dressing samples selected as most promising and applicable in large-volume soft tissue aseptic wounds were tested in the final step of experiment. Ultrasound imaging of the model wound area during the sample material biodegradation was used to control the wound process in more detail. At all steps of experiment, animal models were handled in compliance with GOST 33044-2014 “Principles of Good Laboratory Practice”.Histomorphological assays were carried out with common protocols. Variation statistics was used for the data analysis, including the mean (M) and standard mean error (± m) estimation. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05.Results. The animal assays and comprehensive evaluation of the obtained data revealed a high healing efficacy of chitosan-based wound coatings. The analyses of wound dressing samples have confirmed their predesigned properties: scaffold stability, capillarity, biodegradability and matrix capacities for the carried drug delivery.Additionally, ultrasound was proved effective to estimate dynamics of the coated wound healing and biopolymer biodegradation processes.Conclusion. The developed chitosan-based wound dressings exhibited efficacy in an experimental model of the soft tissues wound process.The use of ultrasound to study dynamics of the wound process and coating biodegradation provided an adequate congruence between the imaging and tissue histomorphology data, as well as the structure and properties of coating material.