bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Evaluation of a Social Justice and Race Equity Training for Volunteer Mentors
Authors: Anderson Amy J. , Sánchez Bernadette 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMentor training on cultural humility is an area of needed support in formal youth mentoring relationships. This pilot study used an experimental design to examine the role of a social justice and race equity training on volunteer mentors’ cognitive and affective outcomes related to cultural humility in mentoring. The sample included 99 volunteer mentors paired with adolescent mentees in an established formal mentoring program. Mentors predominantly identified as White (89%), and the majority (72%) were paired with youth of color. Participants were randomly assigned to either the training or control condition. Findings from intention‐to‐treat analyses indicated that training group participants (n = 49) exhibited greater increases in self‐efficacy to provide racial/ethnic support over time than participants in the control group (n = 50). As‐treated analyses indicated that training attendees (n = 23) exhibited greater increases in self‐efficacy to provide racial/ethnic support over time than participants who did not attend the training (n = 76). Results indicated no significant changes over time in participants’ training content knowledge, awareness of racial privilege, ethnocultural empathy, or social justice interest and behavioral intentions. Analyses also indicated an attendance bias within the training condition, such that mentors who attended the training reported significantly more awareness of racial privilege, social justice interest, and social justice behavioral intentions compared to training condition mentors who were invited but did not attend the training. Implications for training volunteer mentors within formal mentoring programs are discussed.
Early post‐treatment blood oxygenation level‐dependent responses to emotion processing associated with clinical response to pharmacological treatment in major depressive disorder
Authors: Williams Rebecca J. , Brown Elliot C. , Clark Darren L. , Pike G. Bruce , Ramasubbu Rajamannar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionPre‐treatment blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used for the early identification of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who later respond or fail to respond to medication. However, BOLD responses early after treatment initiation may offer insight into early neural changes associated with later clinical response. The present study evaluated both pre‐treatment and early post‐treatment fMRI responses to an emotion processing task, to further our understanding of neural changes associated with a successful response to pharmacological intervention.MethodsMDD patients who responded (n = 22) and failed to respond (n = 12) after 8 weeks of treatment with either citalopram or quetiapine extended release, and healthy controls (n = 18) underwent two fMRI scans, baseline (pre‐treatment), and early post‐treatment (one week after treatment commencement). Participants completed an emotional face matching task at both scans.ResultsUsing threshold‐free cluster enhancement (TFCE) and non‐parametric permutation testing, fMRI activation maps showed that after one week of treatment, responders demonstrated increased activation in the left parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, and bilateral insula (all P < 0.05 threshold‐free cluster enhancement (TFCE) family‐wise error‐corrected) to negative facial expressions. Non‐responders showed some small increases in the precentral gyrus, while controls showed no differences between scans. Compared to non‐responders, responders showed some increased activation in the superior parietal lobule and middle temporal gyrus at the post‐treatment scan. There were no group differences between responders, non‐responders, and controls at baseline.ConclusionsOne week after treatment commencement, BOLD signal changes in the parietal lobules, insula, and middle temporal gyrus were related to clinical response to pharmacological treatment.
Modified Renshen Yangrong decoction enhances angiogenesis in ischemic stroke through promotion of MicroRNA‐210 expression by regulating the HIF/VEGF/Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Liang Ce , Zhang Teng , Shi Xu‐Liang , Jia Lin , Wang Ya‐Li , Yan Cui‐Huan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the efficacy of modified Ginseng Yangrong decoction (GSYRD) promoting angiogenesis after ischemic stroke.MethodsIn an in vivo study, rats that survived surgery were allocated into four groups: the control group and model group were treated with normal saline, the GSYRD group was treated with 18.9 mg/kg of GSYRD daily, and the positive control group was treated with Tongxinluo (TXL) (1 g/kg/d). At the end of the seven‐day treatment, the area of cerebral infarction, the expression changes of miRNA‐210 and ephrin A3 were determined. In an in vitro study, HUVECs were divided into a normal control serum group (NC group), normal control serum OGD group (Oxygen Glucose Deprivation group) (OGD group), OGD + drug‐containing serum group (OGD+GSYRD group), and OGD + drug‐containing serum + ES group (Endostatin group) (OGD+GSYRD+ES group). The cells in all groups except the NC group were cultured in a sugar‐free DMEM medium under hypoxia for 48 h. Cell proliferation, angiogenic structure formation ability, the expression changes of miRNA‐210, ephrin A3, and the HIF/VEGF/Notch signaling pathway‐related molecules were determined.ResultsIn vivo, GSYRD significantly reduced infarct size (p < .01), the expression of miRNA‐210 and ephrin A3 were decreased in the GSYRD group (p < .05). In vitro, the cell proliferation and tube formation ability were significantly increased in the GSYRD group (p < .05), and the expression of miRNA‐210 and ephrin A3 was decreased (p < .05). In addition, in the GSYRD group, the expression of the HIF/VEGF/Notch signaling pathway‐related molecules was significantly increased (p < .01 or p < .05).ConclusionGSYRD promotes cerebral protection following angiogenesis and ischemic brain injury. The specific mechanism was activating the HIF/VEGF/Notch signaling pathway via miRNA‐210.
Clinical manifestation of acute cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories
Authors: Novotny Vojtech , Aarli Sander Johan , Netland Khanevski Andrej , Bjerkreim Anna Therese , Elnan Kvistad Christopher , Fromm Annette , Waje‐Andreassen Ulrike , Naess Halvor , Thomassen Lars , Logallo Nicola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to assess frequencies and radiological aspects of single‐ and multiterritory clinical manifestation among patients with acute cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories (MACI).Materials & methodsWe retrospectively reviewed admission records and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging of patients with MACI admitted to our stroke unit between 2006 and 2017. MACI was defined as acute cerebral ischemic lesions in at least two out of three arterial cerebral territories, that is, the left anterior, right anterior and the bilateral posterior territory. Patients with single‐ and multiterritory clinical manifestation were then compared for topographical distribution of the ischemic lesions, the number of ischemic lesions, and The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project classification.ResultsOut of 311 patients with MACI, 222 (71.4%) presented with single‐territory clinical manifestation. Involvement of the left hemisphere (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.82), less than five ischemic lesions (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.97), and partial anterior circulation infarct clinical stroke syndrome (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.97) were associated with single‐territory clinical manifestation. Involvement of all three territories (OR = 2.58, 95% = 1.48–4.50), more than 10 ischemic lesions (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.32–4.01) and total anterior circulation infarct clinical stroke syndrome (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 1.39–7.86) were associated with multiterritory clinical manifestation.ConclusionMost patients with MACI present with single‐territory clinical manifestation on admission. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging is therefore necessary for a definite diagnosis.
Hierarchical TiN‐Supported TsFDH Nanobiocatalyst for CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Arena Federica , Giuffredi Giorgio , Perego Andrea , Donini Stefano , Guzmán Hilmar , Hernández Simelys , Stancanelli Eduardo , Cosentino Cesare , Parisini Emilio , Di Fonzo Fabio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value‐added products like formate represents a promising technology for the valorization of carbon dioxide. We propose a proof‐of‐concept bioelectrochemical system (BES) for the reduction of CO2 to formate. For the first time, our device employs a nanostructured titanium nitride (TiN) support for the immobilization of a formate dehydrogenase (FDH) enzyme. The hierarchical TiN nanostructured support exhibits high surface area and wide pore size distribution, achieving high catalytic loading, and is characterized by higher conductivity than other oxide‐based supports employed for FDHs immobilization. We select the oxygen‐tolerant FDH from Thiobacillus sp. KNK65MA (TsFDH) as enzymatic catalyst, which selectively reduces CO2 to formate. We identify an optimal TiN morphology for the enzyme immobilisation through enzymatic assay, reaching a catalyst loading of 59 μg cm−2 of specifically‐adsorbed TsFDH and achieving a complete saturation of the anchoring sites available on the surface. We evaluate the electrochemical CO2 reduction performance of the TiN/TsFDH system, achieving a remarkable HCOO− Faradaic efficiency up to 76 %, a maximum formate yield of 44.1 μmol mg−1FDH h−1 and high stability. Our results show the technological feasibility of BES devices employing novel, nanostructured TiN‐based supports, representing an important step in the optimization of these devices.
Osmaindenes: Synthesis and Reversible Mechanochromism Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Xing , Yang Xiaofei , Zhang Kunming , Yin Jun , Liu Sheng Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA series of novel osmaindenes 1–6 bearing different substituents (CF3, H, I, Br, OCH3, N(Ph)2) has been synthesized by nucleophilic reaction of water with the corresponding aromatic osmanaphthalyne complexes. All osmaindenes 1–6 have been characterized by elemental analysis (EA) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, although the low solubilities of 3 and 4 precluded the accumulation of their 13C NMR spectra. Osmaindenes 2, 3 and 5 have also been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Subsequently, through solid‐state fluorescence spectroscopy, mechanochromic studies, and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, we found that osmaindenes 1–6 fluoresce at wavelengths in the range 500–800 nm, while also displaying reversible mechanochromic properties. The solid‐state fluorescence emission of 1 after grinding extends into the near‐infrared region. This research provides new insight into the design and synthesis of metallic materials with excellent mechanochromic properties.
Single axonal morphology reveals high heterogeneity in spinocerebellar axons originating from the lumbar spinal cord in the mouse
Authors: Zhang Yongquan , Luo Yuanjun , Sasamura Kazuma , Sugihara Izumi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmong the spinocerebellar projections vital for sensorimotor coordination of limbs and the trunk, the morphology of spinocerebellar axons originating from the lumbar cord has not been well characterized compared to those from thoracic and sacral cords. We reconstructed 26 single spinocerebellar axons labeled by biotinylated dextran injections into the gray matter of the lumbar spinal cord in mice. Axon terminals were mapped with the zebrin pattern of the cerebellar cortex. Reconstructed axons were primarily classified into ipsilaterally and contralaterally ascending axons, arising mainly from the dorsal and ventral horns, respectively. The majority of ipsilateral and contralateral axons took the dorsal‐medullary and ventral‐pontine pathways, respectively. The axons of both groups terminated mainly in the vermal and medial paravermal areas of lobules II–V and VIII–IXa, often bilaterally but predominantly ipsilateral to the axonal origin, with a weak preference to particular portions of zebrin stripes. The ipsilateral axons originating from the medial dorsal horn in the upper lumbar cord (n = 3) had abundant (43–147) mossy fiber terminals and no medullary collaterals. The ipsilateral axons originating from the lateral dorsal horn in the lower lumbar cord (n = 9) and the contralateral axons (n = 14) showed remarkable morphology variations. The number of their mossy fiber terminals varied from 2 to 172. Their collaterals, observed in 17 axons out of 23, terminated mainly in the medial cerebellar nucleus, nucleus X, and lateral reticular nucleus in various degrees. The results indicated that the lumbar spinocerebellar projection contains highly heterogeneous axonal populations regarding their pathway, branching, and termination patterns.
Proteomic analysis to identify markers for response to neoadjuvant treatment in esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer
Authors: Zlotnik Oran , Goshen‐Lago Tal , Haddad Riad , Brenner Baruch , Kundel Yulia , Ben‐Aharon Irit , Kashtan Hanoch 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal cancer represents a global challenge. Despite significant evolution of treatment protocols in the past decade, recurrence rates are still high and survival rates are poor. Current treatment paradigm for localized gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) carcinoma remains to be further elucidated as for the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiation versus perioperative chemotherapy.AimTo identify biomarkers for response to chemoradiation in esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer, we performed an in‐depth proteomic analysis of esophageal and gastroesophageal tumors, to describe differences in pathway activation between patients with favorable and poor prognosis following neoadjuvant chemoradiation.MethodsPatients with locally advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation were included in the cohort. The study cohort was dichotomized into two groups of patients, named “favorable prognosis” and “poor prognosis” according to the postoperative disease‐free interval. We performed a mass spectrometry analysis of proteins extracted from the malignant regions of surgical specimens and analyzed data from electronic medical records. Clinical data was correlated with differences in protein expression between patient with a favorable and poor prognosis using validated gene expression pathways.ResultsThe study included 35 patients with adenocarcinoma. All patients in this cohort had esophageal adenocarcinoma. Patients median age was 62 years. Twenty‐five (71.3%) patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation, and 28.7% underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy only. A proteomic analysis of our cohort identified 2885 proteins. Enrichment levels of 98 of these proteins differed significantly between favorable and poor prognosis cohorts in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation (p < .05) but not in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The favorable prognosis patients group analysis exhibited differential enrichment of 87 proteins related to cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation pathways as well as proteins of the RAS oncogene family.ConclusionIn this study we identified differential enrichment of pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and RAS oncogene pathway in esophageal cancer patients with a favorable response to chemoradiation. Following further validation, our findings may portray potential surrogate signature of biomarkers based upon these pathways.
Management of intrathoracic phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor by nonintubated uniportal video‐assisted thoracic surgery in a fragile patient
Authors: Ferrari Michele , Palleschi Alessandro , Bartoli Francesca , Polli Federico , Armiraglio Elisabetta , Parafioriti Antonina , Croci Giorgio A. , Tosi Davide 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhosphaturic mesenchymal tumors are rare neoplasms, frequently presenting with osteomalacia. These neoplasms usually grow at a slow rate and are associated with unspecific symptoms.CaseIn this study, we present the case of a 70‐year‐old woman who had been suffering from musculoskeletal pain, hypophosphatemia, and spontaneous fractures. Positron emission tomography with Gallium showed increase uptake in a subpleural lesion.ConclusionThe patient underwent surgical excision of the subpleural lesion with a non‐intubated uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery approach.
Meta‐analysis of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Results of 3 Phase 1 Studies with Biosimilar Pegfilgrastim
Authors: Gattu Sreekanth , Wang Jessie , Bellon Anne , Schelcher Celine , Nakov Roumen , Arani Ramin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA meta‐analysis using data from 3 phase 1 studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of Sandoz biosimilar versus US‐ and EU‐reference pegfilgrastim. The studies included a single‐dose, double‐blind, 3‐arm, parallel‐group study (study 1); a single‐dose, double‐blind, 2‐way crossover study (study 2); and a single‐dose, double‐blind, 3‐way, 6‐sequence crossover study (study 3). Healthy male and female subjects were randomized to receive the proposed biosimilar (all studies), US‐reference biologic (studies 1 and 3), or EU‐reference biologic (studies 1, 2, and 3). For PK parameters (area under the serum concentration–time curve from time of dosing and extrapolated to infinity, area under the serum concentration–time curve from the time of dosing to the last measurable concentration, and maximum observed serum concentration) and PD parameters (absolute neutrophil count area under the effect curve from the time of dosing to the last measurable concentration and maximum measured absolute neutrophil count) geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for treatment comparisons were calculated using the meta‐analysis approach with a fixed‐effects model. PK/PD biosimilarity was concluded if the 90%CIs were within the equivalence margins of 0.80 to 1.25. The 90%CIs for the geometric mean ratios for the PK/PD parameters were all within the equivalence margins. Safety and tolerability were similar between the proposed biosimilar and the US‐ and EU‐reference pegfilgrastim in healthy subjects. This meta‐analysis of 3 phase 1 studies supports PK/PD similarity of Sandoz biosimilar pegfilgrastim to US‐ and EU‐reference pegfilgrastim. No clinically meaningful differences in safety or tolerability were observed.
An extensive survey on fractal structures using iterated function system in patch antennas
Authors: Ezhumalai Aravindraj , Ganesan Nagarajan , Balasubramaniyan Sathishkumar 
Published: August 2021

SummaryOver the last few years, fractal structure has been used in several engineering fields such as surface physics, telecommunication, fluid mechanics, and so forth. In telecommunication, often there is a demand for miniaturized patch antennas with fractal structures because it is capable of handling very high frequencies with its diminutive structure. The space filling capability of the fractal structures is used to effectively distribute the surface current all over the radiating material. Fractal structures have a better size reduction capability which aids a miniaturized antenna design. This article provides a generalized and detailed survey on fractal structures in a Euclidean space using iterated function system (IFS) in patch antennas. There are various techniques to design a fractal structure, namely, IFSs, escape‐time fractals, strange attractors, L‐systems, random fractals, and so forth. IFSs are widely used technique to construct a finite set of construction mapping on a complete metric space. The fractal geometries designed using the technique are Sierpinski carpet and gasket, Koch snowflake, deterministic tree/binary tree, Gosper island, Minkowski island, Cantor set, T‐square, and some space filling fractals. This paper deals with the above given fractal structures with their design expressions and shapes in recent developments and applications mentioned. The fractal geometries are used in MIMO antennas to abridge the mutually coupled radiators and improve the gain and efficiency of the antenna. This paper also analyzes the effects of fractal structures on MIMO antennas and discusses the ascendancy fractal structures by cross‐referencing the significant antenna parameters.
Adapting event‐related potential research paradigms for children: Considerations from research on the development of recognition memory
Authors: Rollins Leslie , Riggins Tracy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMost developmental event‐related potential (ERP) research uses experimental paradigms modified from research with adults. One major challenge is identifying how to adapt these paradigms effectively for use with younger individuals. This paper provides guidance for developmental adaptations by considering research on the development of recognition memory. We provide a brief overview of recognition memory tasks and ERP components associated with recognition memory in children and adults. Then, we provide some general recommendations, discuss common differences between ERP studies of recognition memory in adults and children (e.g., the type of stimuli presented, response modalities), and provide suggestions for assessing the effect of task modifications on ERP components of interest. Specifically, we recommend (a) testing both children and adults on the modified paradigm to allow for a continuity of findings across development, (b) comparing children of different ages on the modified paradigm based on expectations regarding when developmental change occurs for the cognitive process of interest, and (c) empirically assessing the effect of methodological differences between paradigms. To illustrate the latter, we analyzed data from our lab comparing memory‐related ERP components when children experienced a 1‐day, 2‐day, or 1‐week delay between encoding and retrieval.
Reliability of reward‐ and error‐related brain activity in early childhood
Authors: Szenczy Aline K. , Levinson Amanda R. , Hajcak Greg , Bernard Kristin , Nelson Brady D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvent‐related potential (ERP) measures of reward‐ and error‐related brain activity have emerged as potential biomarkers of risk for the development of psychopathology. However, the psychometric properties of reward‐ and error‐related brain activity have been primarily investigated in adolescents and adults. It is critical to also establish the reliability of ERPs in younger children, particularly if they are used as individual difference measures of risk during key developmental periods. The present study examined the reliability of the reward positivity (RewP) and error‐related negativity (ERN) among 80 children (Mage = 6.9 years old; 50% female). Participants completed the doors, flanker, and go/no‐go tasks twice, separated by approximately 8 months, while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Results indicated that the RewP demonstrated strong internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The ERN also demonstrated strong internal consistency, but test–retest reliability was only significant for the ERN measured during the flanker task and not the go/no‐go task. These results are largely consistent with reported psychometric properties of reward‐ and error related ERPs in adolescents and adults, suggesting that the ERN and RewP may be appropriate biomarkers of individual differences in populations ranging from early childhood to adulthood.