bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bicentric evaluation of stabilizing sampling tubes for assessment of monocyte HLA‐DR expression in clinical samples
Authors: Hamada Sarah , Jeannet Robin , Gossez Morgane , Cour Martin , Argaud Laurent , Francois Bruno , Daix Thomas , Venet Fabienne , Monneret Guillaume 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiminished expression of human leukocyte antigen DR on circulating monocytes (mHLA‐DR), measured by standardized flow cytometry procedure, is a reliable indicator of immunosuppression in severely injured intensive care unit patients. As such, it is used as stratification criteria in clinical trials evaluating novel immunostimulating therapies. Preanalytical constraints relative to the short delay between blood sampling and flow cytometry staining have nevertheless limited its use in multicentric studies. The objective of the present work was to compare mHLA‐DR expression between whole blood samples simultaneously drawn in EDTA or Cyto‐Chex BCT tubes.MethodsIn two university hospitals, mHLA‐DR was assessed in fresh whole blood from septic patients (n = 12) and healthy donors (n = 6) simultaneously sampled on EDTA and Cyto‐Chex BCT tubes. Staining was performed immediately after sampling and after blood storage at room temperature.ResultsWe confirmed that samples collected in Cyto‐Chex tube had substantially enhanced stability for mHLA‐DR results (48–72 h) over those collected in EDTA. On baseline values, despite good correlation between tubes (r = 0.98, p < 0.001), mHLA‐DR expression was systematically lower with Cyto‐Chex BCT.ConclusionThe present reports confirms the potential of Cyto‐Chex BCT tubes to stabilize mHLA‐DR expression before staining and extends the work of Quadrini et al. [Cytometry B 2021;100:103‐114]. In centers without rapid access to flow cytometry facilities, it enables to tolerate delays in mHLA‐DR staining. However, a 30% gap exists between results obtained with EDTA and Cyto‐Chex BCT tubes. As current thresholds for clinical decisions were obtained with EDTA samples, further studies are needed to confirm clinical thresholds with Cyto‐Chex BCT tubes.
Hippocampal subfield volumes are associated with verbal memory after first‐ever ischemic stroke
Authors: Khlif Mohamed Salah , Bird Laura J. , Restrepo Carolina , Khan Wasim , Werden Emilio , Egorova‐Brumley Natalia , Brodtmann Amy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionHippocampal subfield volumes are more closely associated with cognitive impairment than whole hippocampal volume in many diseases. Both memory and whole hippocampal volume decline after stroke. Understanding the subfields’ temporal evolution could reveal valuable information about post‐stroke memory.MethodsWe sampled 120 participants (38 control, 82 stroke), with cognitive testing and 3T‐MRI available at 3 months and 3 years, from the Cognition and Neocortical Volume after Stroke (CANVAS) study. Verbal memory was assessed using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test‐Revised. Subfields were delineated using FreeSurfer. We used partial Pearson's correlation to assess the associations between subfield volumes and verbal memory scores, adjusting for years of education, sex, and stroke side.ResultsThe left cornu ammonis areas 2/3 and hippocampal tail volumes were significantly associated with verbal memory 3‐month post‐stroke. At 3 years, the associations became stronger and involved more subfields.DiscussionHippocampal subfield volumes may be a useful biomarker for post‐stroke cognitive impairment.
Medicinal chemistry of anthranilic acid derivatives: A mini review
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnthranilic acid and its analogues present a privileged profile as pharmacophores for the rational development of pharmaceuticals deliberated for managing the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. The substitution on anthranilic acid scaffold provides large compound libraries, which enable a comprehensive assessment of the structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis for the identification of hits and leads in a typical drug development paradigm. Besides, their widespread applications as anti‐inflammatory fenamates, the amide and anilide derivatives of anthranilic acid analogues play a central role in the management of several metabolic disorders. In addition, these derivatives of anthranilic acid exhibit interesting antimicrobial, antiviral and insecticidal properties, whereas the derivatives based on anthranilic diamide scaffold present applications as P‐glycoprotein inhibitors for managing the drug resistance in cancer cells. In addition, the anthranilic acid derivatives serve as the inducers of apoptosis, inhibitors of hedgehog signaling pathway, inhibitors of mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, and the inhibitors of aldo‐keto reductase enzymes. The antiviral derivatives of anthranilic acid focus on the inhibition of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase to manifest considerable antiviral properties. The anthranilic acid derivatives reportedly present neuroprotective applications by downregulating the key pathways responsible for the manifestation of neuropathological features and neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, the transition metal complexes of anthranilic acid derivatives offer therapeutic applications in diabetes mellitus, and obesity by regulating the activity of α‐glucosidase. The present review demonstrates a critical analysis of the therapeutic profile of the key derivatives of anthranilic acid and its analogues for the rational development of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic molecules.
Interspecific variation in mortality and growth and changes in their relationship with size class in an old‐growth temperate forest
Authors: Masaki Takashi , Kitagawa Ryo , Nakashizuka Tohru , Shibata Mitsue , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding trade‐offs between demographic parameters is crucial when investigating community assembly rules in high‐diversity forests. To this end, we estimated mortality and growth parameters, and correlations among them, across entire size classes for 17 tree species (Betula,Carpinus,Fagus,Quercus,Castanea,Acer,Cerasus,Swida,Kalopanax, andStyrax) using a dataset over 18 years obtained from an old‐growth forest in Japan.Size classes were represented by 12 categories determined by age, height, and diameter at breast height (DBH) from new seedlings to stems of DBH >85 cm. We derived the annual mortality and growth for each species and class using estimates of transition probabilities between classes. Trade‐offs or synergies in growth and survival among species per size class were analyzed with and without the inclusion of phylogenetic relationships.Annual mortality showed U‐shaped patterns across size classes for species that could potentially reach a DBH ≥55 cm: 0.2–0.98 for seedlings, 0.002–0.01 at DBH 35–45 cm, and ca. 0.01 at DBH ≥55 cm. Other species demonstrated monotonically decreasing mortality toward specific maximum size classes. When phylogenetic information was included in analyses, the correlations between survival and growth changed across size classes were significant for some classes: As an overall tendency, synergy was observed in growth and survival for seedling to sapling classes, trade‐offs for juvenile to DBH 15–25 cm classes, and synergy again for larger classes. When phylogenetic information was not included, a significant trade‐off was observed only at DBH 5–15 cm.Synthesis. Trade‐offs at intermediate classes imply differentiation in demographic characteristics related to life history strategies. However, evolutionarily obtained demographic characteristics are not substantial drivers of niche differentiation in the study area. The polylemma of mortality, growth, and other parameters such as the onset of reproduction may also be important factors driving species‐specific demographic traits.
Transient electrophoresis of a conducting spherical particle embedded in an electrolyte‐saturated Brinkman medium
Authors: Sherief H. H. , Faltas M. S. , Ragab Kareem E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the time‐dependent electrophoretic motion of a conducting spherical particle embedded in an arbitrary electrolyte solution saturated porous medium is investigated. The porous medium is uniformly charged and the embedded hard particle is charged with constant ‐potential or constant surface charge density. The unsteady modified Brinkman equation with an electric force term, which governs the fluid velocity field, is used to model the porous medium and is solved by Laplace's transform technique. An analytical expression for the electrophoretic velocity of the spherical particle is obtained in Laplace transform domain as a function of the relevant parameters, and its inversion is obtained through numerical techniques. Also, in this study, the steady‐state electrophoretic velocity is obtained analytically as linear functions of ‐potential (or surface density charge) and the fixed charge density. The steady‐state electrophoretic velocity is displayed graphically for various relevant parameters and compered with the available data in the literature. Also, the numerical values of the transient electrophoretic velocity are plotted versus the nondimensional elapsed time and discussed for different values of the Debye length parameter, density ratio, permeability of the porous medium, and for high and nonconducting particles.
Spectroelectrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry of electrodeposited ZnO nanorods
Authors: Vázquez Cecilia I. , Benavente Llorente Victoria , Zanotto Franco M. , Baruzzi Ana M. , Iglesias Rodrigo A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrodeposition of nanostructured semiconductors with tunable properties is of vital importance to develop optoelectronic devices. In this work, we introduce a novel synthesis protocol involving a multiple pulse electrodeposition nucleation stage combined with conventional potentiostatic ZnO nanorod growth in a nitrate bath. The in‐situ nucleation step allowed a higher surface density of ZnO nanorods. The effect of potential and total charge transferred during the nanorod growth was also systematically studied. Besides, spectroelectrochemical properties of different diameter electrodeposited ZnO nanorods were compared. Electrochemical Burstein‐Moss shift was observed for the different diameter ZnO nanorods when the potential was modified. Finally, spectroelectrochemical measurements of small diameter (≈60 nm) ZnO nanorods were carried out under different conditions, for example, electrolyte composition and amount of dissolved O2, to establish how these parameters affect the Burstein‐Moss shift.
Mutational signatures in T‐lymphocytes of rats treated with N‐propyl‐N‐nitrosourea and procarbazine
Authors: Revollo Javier R. , McKinzie Page B. , Robison Timothy W. , Dobrovolsky Vasily N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe have used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to determine mutational signatures induced in the T‐cells of rats treated in vivo with N‐propyl‐N‐nitrosourea (PNU) or procarbazine (PCZ). The signatures from the treated rats were different from the signature of background mutations. The main component of the spontaneous T‐cell mutational signature was C➔T transition with all other single base substitutions evenly distributed. The PNU‐induced mutational signature showed relatively equal contributions from C➔T and T➔C transitions, and T➔A transversions. The PCZ‐induced signature was characterized by T➔C transitions, T➔A and, to a smaller extent, T➔G transversions. C➔G transversions were infrequent in either the PNU or PCZ signatures. WGS not only allowed mutational signature detection, but also measured quantitative responses to mutagen treatment: 10–40× increases in the number of mutations per clone were detected in T‐cell clones from treated rats. The overall strand specificity of induced mutations for annotated rat genes was comparable to the strand specificity of mutations determined previously for the endogenous X‐linked Pig‐a gene. Our results provide valuable reference data for future applications of WGS in safety research and risk assessment.
Performance‐based seismic retrofitting of frame structures using negative stiffness devices and fluid viscous dampers via optimization
Authors: Idels Ohad , Lavan Oren 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an optimization approach for the seismic retrofitting of inelastic moment resisting frames (MRFs) equipped with nonlinear fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) and negative stiffness devices (NSDs) is presented. The goal of the optimization is to minimize a cost‐related objective function, which accounts for the cost of the supplemental FVDs and NSDs. The mechanical properties and the topological layout of both the FVDs and NSDs are considered as design variables and simultaneously optimized during the optimization process. A loss estimation analysis is utilized as a performance constraint, where the PEER framework is adopted. The structural response is evaluated using a nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA), which accounts for the nonlinear behavior of the MRF elements, FVDs, and NSDs. The optimization problem is formulated using differentiable functions only, making it suitable for an efficient gradient‐based optimization solution scheme. The gradients are efficiently derived using the adjoint sensitivity analysis approach. Two numerical examples show the robustness and efficiency of the presented methodology, where the optimized design relies on NSDs and FVDs in both examples.
Cognitive remediation therapy for anorexia nervosa as a rolling group intervention: Data from a longitudinal study in an eating disorders specialized inpatient unit
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Tenconi Elena , Todisco Patrizia , Favaro Angela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveCognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has been proposed as an add‐on treatment approach that could increase the engagement in treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) patients and reduce maintaining factors, but prior studies have evaluated CRT in individual and group settings, difficult protocols for rehabilitation settings. Our aim is to evaluate the CRT rolling protocol implementation in an inpatient specialised unit.MethodsA historical longitudinal controlled study was designed to include 31 AN patients for the CRT program, and 28 AN patients treated as usual. The CRT rolling group was implemented in a multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation ward with both adolescent and adult patients and an 8‐weeks protocol. To evaluate the treatment implementation effect, different self‐administered questionnaires were used.ResultsThe study found greater improvements of the CRT group in clinical symptomatology (p = 0.039), flexibility (p = 0.003), self‐confidence about the ability to change (p < 0.001), and less short‐term focus (p < 0.001), with no differences between restrictive and binge‐purging patients.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that CRT rolling group protocol is feasible in an inpatient treatment setting and may improve a rehabilitation program's outcome. Our results have shown how CRT can influence cognitive styles considered AN maintenance factors, positively affecting both restrictive and binge‐purge type.
Rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a DNAzyme‐based sensor
Authors: Qin Mingcan , Ma Xiaoyi , Fan Shihui , Wu Hangjie , Yan Wanli , Tian Xiaopeng , Lu Jing , Lyu Mingsheng , Wang Shujun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a DNAzyme was screened in vitro through the use of a DNA library and crude extracellular mixture (CEM) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Following eight rounds of selection, a DNAzyme termed PAE‐1 was obtained, which displayed high rates of cleavage with strong specificity. A fluorescent biosensor was designed for the detection of P. aeruginosa in combination with the DNAzyme. A detection limit as low as 1.2 cfu/ml was observed. Using proteases and filtration, it was determined that the target was a protein with a molecular weight of 10 kDa–50 kDa. The DNAzyme was combined with a polystyrene board to construct a simple indicator plate sensor which produced a color that identified the target within 10 min. The results were reliable when tap water and food samples were tested. The present study provides a novel experimental strategy for the development of sensors based on a DNAzyme to rapidly detect P. aeruginosa in the field.
Bacterial composition and function during fermentation of Mongolia koumiss
Authors: Wu Yue , Li Yu , Gesudu Qimu , Zhang Juntao , Sun Zhihong , Halatu Haobisi , Menghe Bilege , Liu Wenjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKoumiss is a fermented mare's milk beverage that has attracted increasing attention due to its nutritional richness and important economic value. Bacteria in koumiss play a major role in pH decreasing and reducing spoilage through bacterial inhibition. The dynamic changes in nutritional content were determined firstly during fermentation, and then the metagenomics sequencing technology was applied to profile koumiss core microbiota at the species level. We also clarified the function and effect of the bacteria on the nutritional content of the final product. We also investigated active microbial function by comparing the metagenomics of representative samples collected at different time points during the fermentation process. This study dynamically revealed the bacterial composition and function of traditional koumiss during its making process. Twenty‐three major functional categories related to amino acid and fat synthesis, metabolism, and so on were identified. Functional category L (represented replication‐, recombination‐, and repair‐related functions) was one of the most important categories with the highest relative abundance in all of the 23 major functional categories. CoG category having a significant correlation with Lactococcus piscium was the most abundant. The change in metabolic activity of bacteria at different fermentation time points showed that the metabolic activity was more active in the first 24 hr and then began to stabilize. LAB play the major role in the koumiss pH decreasing and quality improvement. The functional genes of related metabolic activity of lactic acid bacteria were more active in the first 24 hr of koumiss fermentation and then began to stabilize.
Comparative study of the crystallographic expansion of GSC and LSC porous electrodes
Authors: Kivi Indrek , Nurk Gunnar , Korjus Ove , Möller Priit , Aruväli Jaan , Lust Karmen , Lust Enn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCharacteristics of the porous Gd0.15Sr0.85CoO3−δ and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ cathodes were compared using the data measured at different electrode potentials and oxygen partial pressures. The electrochemical high‐temperature in situ XRD (HT‐XRD) method combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been used. The response of the crystallographic parameters and impedance values on the changes of electrode potential has been discussed. Reversible changes of the lattice parameters for both cathodes, slower for Gd0.15Sr0.85CoO3−δ compared with La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ, were observed depending on temperature (T), electrode potential (E), and oxygen partial pressure (pO2). The crystallographic parameters are determined by the vacancy formation kinetics as well as by vacancy formation energy in/at the cathode grain structure. Calculated impedance data were fitted to the experimental data and characteristics were obtained in context of crystallographic changes of the cathode materials studied.
A history of previous childbirths is linked to women's white matter brain age in midlife and older age
Authors: Voldsbekk Irene , Barth Claudia , Maximov Ivan I. , Kaufmann Tobias , Beck Dani , Richard Genevieve , Moberget Torgeir , Westlye Lars T. , de Lange Ann‐Marie G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMaternal brain adaptations occur in response to pregnancy, but little is known about how parity impacts white matter and white matter ageing trajectories later in life. Utilising global and regional brain age prediction based on multi‐shell diffusion‐weighted imaging data, we investigated the association between previous childbirths and white matter brain age in 8,895 women in the UK Biobank cohort (age range = 54–81 years). The results showed that number of previous childbirths was negatively associated with white matter brain age, potentially indicating a protective effect of parity on white matter later in life. Both global white matter and grey matter brain age estimates showed unique contributions to the association with previous childbirths, suggesting partly independent processes. Corpus callosum contributed uniquely to the global white matter association with previous childbirths, and showed a stronger relationship relative to several other tracts. While our findings demonstrate a link between reproductive history and brain white matter characteristics later in life, longitudinal studies are required to establish causality and determine how parity may influence women's white matter trajectories across the lifespan.
Computational modeling of heat transfer in magneto‐non‐Newtonian material in a circular tube with viscous and Joule heating
Authors: Mahanthesh B. , Al‐Kouz Wael , Swain Kharabela , Rout Prasanna Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNumerous industrial and engineering systems, like, heat exchangers, chemical action reactors, geothermic systems, geological setups, and many others, involve convective heat transfer through a porous medium. The diffusion rate, drag force, and mechanical phenomenon are dealt with in the Darcy–Forchheimer model, and hence this model is vital to study the fluid flow and heat transport analysis. Therefore, numerical simulation of the Darcy–Forchheimer dynamics of a Casson material in a circular tube subjected to the energy losses due to the viscous heating and Joule dissipation mechanisms is performed. The novelty of the present investigation is to scrutinize the convective heat transport characteristics in a circular tube saturated with Darcy–Forchheimer porous matrix by utilizing the non‐Newtonian Casson fluid. The flow occurs due to the elongation of the surface of a tube with a uniform heat‐based source/sink. The similarity solution of the nonlinear problem was obtained using dimensionless similarity variables. The effects of operating parameters related to the flow phenomena are analyzed. Further, the friction factor and Nusselt number are also analyzed in detail. The present flow model ensures no flow reversal and acts as a coolant of the heated cylindrical surface; the existence of the magnetic field, as well as an inertial coefficient, acts as the momentum‐breaking forces, whereas Casson fluidity builds it. The Joule heating phenomenon enhances the magnitude of temperature. The thermal field of the Casson fluid is higher at the surface of the circular pipe due to convective thermal conditions.
Chitosan and alginate salt as biomaterials are potential natural adjuvants for killed cholera vaccine
Authors: AbdelAllah Nourhan H. , Gaber Yasser , AbdelGhani Sameh , Rashed Mohamed E. , Azmy Ahmed F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChitosan and alginate salts are natural biopolymers that have gained recent attention in the biomedical sectors. Their properties allow them to become potential candidates as safe, cheap, and effective vaccine adjuvants. The present study aimed to enhance the immunogenic response of a current injectable killed cholera vaccine (KCV) using chitosan and alginate salt as natural adjuvants against alum. We tested KCV adjuvanted with alum, chitosan, and sodium alginate in mice. Mice were immunized intraperitoneally with KCV adjuvanted with alum, chitosan, or alginate salt and compared with a control unadjuvanted immunized group. Humoral, cellular, and functional immune responses were evaluated in all groups. The addition of adjuvants, particularly natural adjuvants, to KCV significantly improved the immune response as demonstrated by specific antibody increase, strong proliferation effects, and high protection rate against different challenge doses of cholera strains. Our findings demonstrate that chitosan and alginate salt are superior adjuvants for boosting the KCV immune response and highlights the requirement for further vaccine development.