bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐dependent flight capacity and propensity in a range‐expanding invasive insect
Authors: Jahant‐Miller Chelsea , Miller Russell , Parry Dylan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor capital‐breeding insects, all resources available for adult metabolic needs are accumulated during larval feeding. Therefore, body size at adult eclosion represents the total energetic capacity of the individual. For female capital breeders, body size is strongly correlated with lifetime fecundity, while in males, body size, which correlates with fitness, is less understood. In capital‐breeding species with wingless, flightless, or dispersal‐limited females, flight potential for male Lepidoptera has important implications for mate‐finding and may be correlated with body size. At low population densities, failure to mate has been identified as an important Allee effect and can drive the success or failure of invasive species at range edges and in species of conservation concern.Th capital‐breeding European subspecies of Lymantria dispar (L.), was introduced to North America in 1869 and now ranges across much of eastern North America. In L. dispar, females are flightless and mate‐finding is entirely performed by males. We quantified male L. dispar flight capacity and propensity relative to morphological and physiological characteristics using fixed‐arm flight mills. A range of male body sizes was produced by varying the protein content of standard artificial diets while holding other dietary components constant. Wing length, a proxy for body size, relative thorax mass, and forewing aspect were all important predictors of total flight distance and maximum speed. These results have important implications for mate‐finding and invasion dynamics in L. dispar and may apply broadly to other capital‐breeding insects.
The Selective Closure of Civic Space
Authors: Roggeband Conny , Krizsán Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScholars and NGOs have been raising alarms about the increasing political restraints that civil society organizations face globally. In this paper, we argue that closure is in fact a selective mechanism: governments attempt to reorganize civic space through a dual process of selective in‐ and exclusion of civil society organizations. Civil society organizations identified as critical of or even anti‐government face obstruction and restraints, whereas simultaneously the space and state support for organizations identified as pro‐government is expanded. Governments instrumentalize certain civil society organizations to their own benefit: they are sponsored and used to influence the realm of civil society in ways that directly legitimize state power and maintain an appearance of democracy. We illustrate our claims by discussing the reorganization of civic space in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe through the case of women’s rights activism.
A Platform or Partner: Engaging the Media in Advocacy
Authors: Selvik Lisa‐Marie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhat are the roles of media actors in relation to civil society actors in advocacy campaigns, and what factors shape these roles? Interested in media strategies of civil society actors, the paper examines the advocacy for a ‘right to information’ law in Ghana. While journalists are obvious partners in pushing for the right to information, the civil society‐led advocacy encountered a passive media. Focused on mechanisms of engaging media actors as advocates in civil society‐led advocacy, this study relies on interviews with key actors in the advocacy campaign and textual analysis of news coverage, spanning 2010–2019. The paper posits that mainly two factors contributed to the media taking a more active role in the campaign; the Civil Society Organisations changed their approach and how they communicated and related to media actors, and media actors developed more awareness and understanding of the advocacy issue. Two important main mechanisms are uncovered in this study. First, it matters how civil society actors perceive of media actors in their media strategy, and how this in turn is received by media actors. Second, when CSOs seek to engage media as partners, it is necessary to also give room for their ownership and advocacy as independent partners.
Who Cares about Crackdowns? Exploring the Role of Trust in Individual Philanthropy
Authors: Chaudhry Suparna , Dotson Marc , Heiss Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe phenomenon of closing civic space has adversely impacted international non‐governmental organization (INGO) funding. We argue that individual private donors can be important in sustaining the operations of INGOs working in repressive contexts. Individual donors do not use the same performance‐based metrics as official aid donors. Rather, trust can be an important component of individual donor support for nonprofits working towards difficult goals. How does trust in charitable organizations influence individuals' preferences to donate, especially when these groups face crackdown? Using a simulated market for philanthropic donations based on data from a nationally representative sample of individuals in the United States who regularly donate to charity, we find that trust in INGOs matters substantially in shaping donor preferences. Donor profiles with high levels of social trust are likely to donate to INGOs with friendly relationships with host governments. This support holds steady if INGOs face criticism or crackdown. In contrast, donor profiles with lower levels of social trust prefer to donate to organizations that do not face criticism or crackdown abroad. The global crackdown on NGOs may thus possibly sour NGOs' least trusting individual donors. Our findings have practical implications for INGOs raising funds from individuals amid closing civic space.
To batch or not to batch? The release of USDA crop reports
Authors: Huang Joshua , Serra Teresa , Garcia Philip , Irwin Scott H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2012 USDA began releasing crop reports during trading hours. Prior reports were released during a trading halt, and in the electronic trading platform traders competed in a batch auction for 2 h. Compared to the current real‐time release policy, the batch auction reduced speed advantage, lowered market volatility, and improved liquidity around report releases, at the cost of delaying price discovery. The results reported here support the argument that the development of a shorter batch auction could improve on the lengthy price discovery process while maintaining the batch auction's other advantages. These findings are relevant to not only developed countries with well‐established exchanges and public information systems, but to developing countries who have recently launched or are planning to launch futures commodity markets.
Prolonged isoflurane anesthesia‐induced acidosis decreases penile intracavernous pressure in rats
Authors: Yu Botao , Qin Feng , Wei Shanzun , Wu Changjing , Ma Ming , Yuan Jiuhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntracavernous pressure measurement following cavernous nerve electrostimulation has been extensively adopted for the evaluation of erectile function in animals. However, the effect of measurement time and acidosis during anesthesia is still lacking.ObjectiveTo explore the effect of measurement time and acidosis during anesthesia.Materials and methodsFifty‐six male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used and anesthetized by a spontaneous inhalation of isoflurane. In the first step, rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three time‐delayed measurement groups (intracavernous pressure measurement beginning at 15, 30, and 45 min after cavernous nerve exposure). In the second step, rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group and two time‐delayed measurement groups. Two intravenous fluid support strategies were used in time‐delayed measurement groups: a normal saline solution and an isotonic Na2CO3 solution.ResultsIsoflurane‐anesthetized rats developed systemic acidosis that worsens with time during intracavernous pressure measurement, which results in a significant decrease in the maximum intracavernous pressure value, intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure ratio, and total intracavernous pressure measured. The Na2CO3 infusion could effectively correct acidosis. The decrease in intracavernous pressure was related to the reduced nitric oxide synthase activity, decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentration, and reactive oxygen species activation in rat penis under acidosis conditions.Discussion and conclusionProlonged isoflurane anesthesia‐induced acidosis markedly depresses the erectile response to cavernous nerve electrostimulation in rats. In this situation, it is recommended to supplement with a Na2CO3 infusion to maintain a normal acid‐base balance.
Competitive effects of a dominant palm on sapling performance in a Neotropical rainforest
Authors: Noriega‐Piña Karen , Piñero Daniel , Valverde Teresa , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEradication of herbivores, due to human disturbances, produces a demographic outburst of highly competitive prey species, which in turn reduces plant species diversity. This happens at Los Tuxtlas tropical rainforest, Mexico, where a population outburst of the understory palm Astrocaryum mexicanum is ostensibly excluding tree species, but how this is occurring is still unknown. We used a neighborhood approach to explore the effects of palm shading and palm crowding on the survival and growth (RGR) of saplings of six common tree species. Sixteen to 32 saplings (1.5–2.5 m height) per species were used as focal individuals of circular neighborhoods (4 m radius), which included palms ≥ 1cm stem length potentially competing for light or soil resources. Shading was estimated using hemispherical photographs. Overall, survivorship was high combining all species (93.8%/yr). In most species, shading produced a displacement of the crown, which increased with specific leaf area of species. In three species, shading had a negative effect on RGR without any effect of crowding, the contrary occurred in two species, and in one species no effects were found. No effects due to trees (DBH ≥1cm) crowding were detected. The shading effect increased with species leaf dry matter content (LDMC), while the effect of crowding declined with LDMC and increased with sapling total leaf area. We argue that the species‐dependent palm shading/crowding effects were related to the shade tolerance of sapling species. In the long‐term, such species‐specific responses could have consequences for forest structure and composition, as saplings develop to mature stages.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Anti‐GM2 antibodies‐associated meningoradiculitis in the context of HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Forgeard Nathalie , Januel Edouard , Blancher Anne , Fonquernie Laurent , Gautheret‐Dejean Agnès , Neil Jean , Meyohas Marie‐Caroline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune manifestations can occur in the context of HIV immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Previous studies have shown that GM2 is overexpressed on HIV‐1 infected T lymphocytes.Case presentationA 71‐year‐old patient diagnosed with HIV‐1 infection developed neurological symptoms congruent with meningoradiculitis 1 month after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Concurrent syphilitic seroconversion raised the hypothesis of neurosyphilis, which was later infirmed. Serum antiganglioside immunoglobulin M antibodies were highly positive. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins was effective.ConclusionWe postulate that meningoradiculitis in this patient was a consequence of anti‐GM2 antibodies produced as part of an anti‐HIV‐1 immune response, and that this case falls within the scope of autoimmune manifestations linked to HIV IRIS.
Influence of implant geometry and osteotomy design on early bone healing: A pre‐clinical in vivo study
Authors: Abrahamsson Ingemar , Carcuac Olivier , Berglundh Tord 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the early stages of osseointegration around implants with different geometry following installation in sites using different osteotomy protocols.Materials and methodsTwo types of implants were installed using regular or modified (reduced diameter) osteotomy protocols in mandibular premolar/molar regions following tooth extraction in six dogs. Three implant site categories were created: Reference (A implant and regular osteotomy), Test‐1 (B implant and regular osteotomy), and Test‐2 (B implant and modified osteotomy). Implant installation procedures were repeated after 4 and 6 weeks. The insertion torque (ITQ) was measured during implant installation and resonance frequency analysis providing implant stability quotient (ISQ) values was performed following implant installation and once every week during the course of the study. Biopsies were obtained immediately after the 3rd installation procedure and prepared for histological analysis.ResultsThe modified osteotomy protocol created a higher insertion torque (ITQ). The analysis also revealed a correlation between insertion torque at implant installation and radiographic bone loss after 6 weeks of healing. The decline in ISQ values during healing was more pronounced at Test‐2 than other sites. While the degree of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC%) in the marginal area was similar in test and reference sites at 6 weeks of healing, Test‐2 implants presented with a significantly higher BIC% in the mid and apical areas than Test‐1 implants.ConclusionsIt is suggested that placement of implants in undersized osteotomy sites will result in an increased remodeling of the cortical bone during the early healing process.
Reconstructive treatment of peri‐implantitis infrabony defects of various configurations: 5‐year survival and success
Authors: Roccuzzo Mario , Mirra Davide , Pittoni Dario , Ramieri Guglielmo , Roccuzzo Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo present the 5 years outcomes of a reconstructive surgical protocol for peri‐implantitis defects with different morphologies, by means of deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBMC).Material and MethodsThe original population of this case series consisted of 75 patients with one crater‐like defect and probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm. After flap elevation, defects were assigned to one characteristic class and treated by means of DBBMC. Following healing, patients were enrolled in an individualized supportive periodontal/peri‐implant (SPT) program.ResultsFifty‐one patients reached the 5 years examination, as 11 patients were lost to follow‐up and 13 implants were removed. Overall treatment success was registered in 29 patients (45.3%). Mean PD and BOP significantly decreased at one year and remained stable for the rest of observation period. No correlation was found between implant survival rate and defect configuration (p = 0.213). Patients, who did not fully adhere to the SPT, experienced more complications and implant loss than those who regularly attended recall appointments (p = 0.009).ConclusionsThe proposed reconstructive treatment resulted in a high 5 years implant survival rate in patients who fully adhered to SPT. The resolution of the peri‐implantitis defect does not seem significantly associated with the defect configuration at the time of treatment.
Effectiveness of a ketogenic diet and virtual coaching intervention for patients with diabetes: A difference‐in‐differences analysis
Authors: Strombotne Kiersten L. , Lum Jessica , Ndugga Nambi J. , Utech Anne E. , Pizer Steven D. , Frakt Austin B. , Conlin Paul R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo test the effectiveness of a ketogenic diet and virtual coaching intervention in controlling markers of diabetes care and healthcare utilization.Materials and MethodsUsing a difference‐in‐differences analysis with a waiting list control group—a quasi‐experimental methodology—we estimated the 5‐month change in HbA1c, body mass index, blood pressure, prescription medication use and costs, as well as healthcare utilization. The analysis included 590 patients with diabetes who were also overweight or obese, and who regularly utilize the Veterans Health Administration (VA) for healthcare. We used data from VA electronic health records from 2018 to 2020.ResultsThe ketogenic diet and virtual coaching intervention was associated with significant reductions in HbA1c (−0.69 [95% CI −1.02, −0.36]), diabetes medication fills (−0.38, [−0.49, −0.26]), body mass index (−1.07, [−1.95, −0.19]), diastolic blood pressure levels (−1.43, [−2.72, −0.14]), outpatient visits (−0.36, [−0.70, −0.02]) and prescription drug costs (−34.54 [−48.56, −20.53]). We found no significant change in emergency department visits (−0.02 [−0.05, 0.01]) or inpatient admissions (−0.01 [−0.02, 0.01]).ConclusionsThis real‐world assessment of a virtual coaching and diet programme shows that such an intervention offers short‐term benefits on markers of diabetes care and healthcare utilization in patients with diabetes.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lai Michela , Pampena Riccardo , Cornacchia Luigi , Odorici Giulia , Piccerillo Alfredo , Pellacani Giovanni , Peris Ketty , Longo Caterina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe continuous improvement of life expectancy of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has resulted in increased risk of second primary malignancy that potentially may affect survival and quality of life of CLL patients. We performed a systematic review to assess the risk and the clinical‐pathological features and prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in patients with CLL. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials databases for articles published from database inception to December 31, 2019. English‐language studies reporting original data on patients with a specific diagnosis of CLL and cSCC were included. Data were extracted using a standardized extraction form, and any discordance was resolved by consensus. Descriptive data were generated by pooling patients from eligible studies. Of the 4588 non‐duplicate records identified, 55 articles met our inclusion criteria. These studies reported that CLL patients have a 3.2% prevalence of cSCC, with an 11.5% cSCC‐related lethality and an overall risk of metastasis of 5.7% (7.3% for regional lymph node involvement and 3.8% for distant metastasis). The quality of evidence was limited by the high heterogeneity in the design, populations, and objectives of the included studies. This systematic review suggests that cSCC in CLL patients tends to behave less aggressively compared with the solid organ transplant recipients but has a higher morbidity and mortality than in the general population. Future prospective studies are needed to increase the quality of evidence and to determine the best treatment modalities and screening intervals for these patients.
On the road to eliminating long‐lived plasma cells—“are we there yet?”
Authors: Markmann Caroline , Bhoj Vijay G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCentral to protective humoral immunity is the activation of B cells and their terminal differentiation into antibody‐secreting plasma cells. Long‐lived plasma cells (LLPC) may survive for years to decades. Such long‐lived plasma cells are also responsible for producing pathogenic antibodies that cause a variety of challenges such as autoimmunity, allograft rejection, and drug neutralization. Up to now, various therapeutic strategies aimed at durably eliminating pathogenic antibodies have failed, in large part due to their inability to efficiently target LLPCs. Several antibody‐based therapies have recently gained regulatory approval or are in clinical phases of development for the treatment of multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells. We discuss the exciting potential of using these emerging cancer immunotherapies to solve the antibody problem.
DEA cross‐efficiency aggregation based on preference structure and acceptability analysis
Authors: Fu Yelin , Li Ming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough a considerable amount of efforts have been made to overcome the drawbacks of traditional equal aggregation in the Data Envelopment Analysis cross‐efficiency evaluation, the endogenous preference structures in the cross‐efficiency matrix are still largely unexplored. We first untangle both preferential differences denoting the preference degrees among different Decision Making Unit (DMU), and preferential priorities denoting the favorite ranking of the DMUs. A revised cross‐efficiency matrix is formulated. We then apply the stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis for group decision‐making method to obtain a set of holistic acceptability indices corresponding to different DMUs. Finally, we develop a satisfaction index to evaluate the satisfactory level of the proposed method. Two numerical examples with respect to the Flexible Manufacturing System selection problem and industrial robot selection problem are conducted to validate the proposed methodology. The superiority of our methodology is manifested in terms of an improvement of the overall satisfactory level as 18.69% and 8.48%, respectively.
A manifold response of forage rape to combined heat wave and drought under current and elevated CO2
Authors: Kacienė Giedrė , Miškelytė Diana , Dikšaitytė Austra , Januškaitienė Irena , Sujetovienė Gintarė , Žaltauskaitė Jūratė , Praspaliauskas Marius , Juknys Romualdas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntensity and frequency of heat waves (HW) accompanied by drought are increasing, however, still little is known about its effect on forage plants. A pot experiment was carried out in growth chambers in order to elucidate the multiple response of forage rape to combined HW and drought (HD) under current and elevated CO2 (HD + CO2). Forage rape was proved to be relatively HD‐resistant plant, with no significant and long‐term effects on shoot growth and photosynthetic performance, and effective stimulation of antioxidative system, especially in the case of HD + CO2 exposure. Activities of enzymes of ascorbate–glutathione cycle were further stimulated by elevated CO2 even after the termination of HD treatment. Nutritive value of forage rape was also positively affected, as was shown by elevated content of water‐soluble carbohydrates after exposure and starch after the period of recovery (up to 80% and 92%, respectively). Concentrations of most macro‐ and microelements were increased, and stabilized higher or equalized to control level after the period of recovery in a similar pattern for HD and HD + CO2 exposure. However, content of Ca was reduced and remained significantly lower (~20%). One of the most important negative and lagged HD effects was reduction of dry root biomass (~30%), most possibly induced by accumulation of non‐structural carbohydrates in shoot and was not mitigated by elevated CO2. To conclude, forage rape was proved to be a promising forage crop for the future climate with increased frequency of HWs; however, a special attention should be paid to the lagged effects, such as inhibition of root growth.