bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the impediments to successful built heritage management using stakeholder analysis
Authors: Bashir Asma , Sawhney Vikas 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand various organizational and operational impediments to successful built heritage management at a regional level from the perspective of stakeholder theory.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory study was conducted in Jammu city of India wherein total of 16 interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire were done with officials (N = 6), organization members (N = 7), local organization heads (N = 3) and 30 local residents. Thematic analysis and stakeholder analysis were used to identify themes and examine the relationships between stakeholders.FindingsSix themes were derived from thematic analysis. The results from stakeholder attribute analysis and studying stakeholder interactions show that lack of trust, skewed power relation and lack of communication among stakeholders are some of the factors that hinder successful heritage management at the Mubarak Mandi heritage complex. The study emphasizes the dimension of “authenticity” be added to existing discourse of heritage management in India ensuring commoditization does not override authenticity and integrity of heritage site.Originality/valueThe results of this study are useful in understanding challenges of heritage management in India at regional level. Using stakeholder analysis the study adds a managerial perspective to the existing heritage management discourse in India by providing empirical insights into developing stakeholder collaboration.
Female Afghan engineers’ perceptions of chokepoints along the career trajectory to entrepreneurship
Authors: Mehrzad Muzhda , Dasanayaka S.W.S.B. , Gleason Kimberly , Wijesinghe Praneeth , Al Serhan Omar 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of Afghan female engineers regarding opportunities and barriers to starting their own engineering/construction company in Kabul through three career trajectory chokepoints related to training through higher education, the engineering workplace and entrepreneurship, through the lens of feminist theory.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. A Web-based survey was also conducted to collect data from participants who were not able to participate in the in-depth interviews. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the collected data.

Findings
As a result of the analysis, three main themes were developed related to “chokepoints” that Afghan female engineers face along the path to starting their own construction companies: “entering and studying engineering,” “career development” and “starting her own engineering business”; the authors address the subthemes of barriers and opportunities confronted by Afghan women at each chokepoint.

Research limitations/implications
Due to civil unrest, the authors are only able to reach a sample of Afghan female engineers working in the capital city of Kabul.

Practical implications
Afghanistan shows, perhaps, the most severe underrepresentation of female engineers of all countries in the world, yet no research gives them a voice to explain the challenges their face to starting their own engineering/construction businesses. The authors are able to report their perceptions and articulate recommendations to encourage female entrepreneurship in the engineering/construction sector in Afghanistan.

Social implications
Afghan women face significant barriers to having meaningful careers in the science, technology, engineering and medicine professions. The findings provide information for regulators regarding why Afghan women do not start their own engineering firms.

Originality/value
As physical security and resource constraints generate difficulty in accessing Afghan women in general, this is the first paper to report the perceptions of Afghan female engineers regarding the barriers and opportunities they perceive on the path to engineering entrepreneurship.
Behavioral response bias and event‐related brain potentials implicate elevated incentive salience attribution to alcohol cues in emerging adults with lower sensitivity to alcohol
Authors: Cofresí Roberto U. , Kohen Casey B. , Motschman Courtney A. , Wiers Reinout W. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Bartholow Bruce D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThis study used a behavioral approach‐avoidance task including images of alcoholic beverages to test whether low sensitivity to alcohol (LS) is a phenotypical marker of a dispositional propensity to attribute bottom‐up incentive value to naturally conditioned alcohol cues.Design, setting and participantsExperimental study with a measured individual difference variable at a university psychology laboratory in Missouri, MO, USA. Participants were 178 emerging adults (aged 18–20 years) varying in self‐reported sensitivity to alcohol's acute effects.MeasurementsParticipants completed the alcohol approach‐avoidance task while behavior (response time; RT) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded. Stimulus‐locked event‐related potentials (ERPs) provided indices of integrated (top‐down and bottom‐up) stimulus incentive value (P3 amplitude) and conflict between top‐down task demands and bottom‐up response propensities (N450 amplitude).FindingsLinear mixed models showed faster RT for ‘alcohol‐approach’ relative to ‘alcohol‐avoid’ trials for lower‐sensitivity (LS) [meanD ± standard errorD (MD ± SED) = 29.51 ± 9.74 ms, t(328) = 3.03, P = 0.003] but not higher‐sensitivity (HS) individuals (MD ± SED = 2.27 ± 9.33 ms, t(328) = 0.243, P = 0.808). There was enhanced N450 amplitude (response conflict) for alcohol‐avoid relative to alcohol‐approach trials for LS participants (MD ± SED = 0.811 ± 0.198 μV, Z = 4.108, P < 0.001) and enhanced N450 amplitude for alcohol‐approach relative to alcohol‐avoid for HS participants (MD ± SED = 0.419 ± 0.188 μV, Z = 2.235, P = 0.025). There was also enhanced P3 amplitude for alcohol‐approach relative to alcohol‐avoid for LS (MD ± SED = 0.825 ± 0.204 μV, Z = 4.045, P < 0.001) but not HS (MD ± SED = 0.013 ± 0.194 μV, Z = 0.068, P = 0.946).ConclusionsFindings from a human laboratory study appear to support the notion that low sensitivity to alcohol indexes a propensity to attribute bottom–up incentive value to naturally conditioned alcohol cues.
Influence of operator expertise on glide path and root canal preparation of curved root canals with rotary and reciprocating motions
Authors: Dablanca‐Blanco Ana Belén , Arias Ana , Ginzo‐Villamayor María José , Pérez María Consuelo , Castelo‐Baz Pablo , Martín‐Biedma Benjamín 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study intended to help practitioners selecting the appropriate motion according to their level of expertise for glide path and complete root canal preparation of curved canals in terms of instrument fracture and preparation time. A total of 160 curved root canals (angle >30°, radius <6 mm) were allocated randomly to 4 groups: A/B for expert operators and C/D for nonexpert operators. A/C were shaped with rotary and B/D with reciprocating instruments. Preparation time was registered and compared with Kruskal–Wallis non‐parametric test and Dunn’s post hoc test. Instrument separation was also registered and compared with chi‐square test. A fractographic analysis was performed with scanning electron microscopy. The use of reciprocation motions allowed nonexpert operators to avoid instrument breakage during glide path and to prepare root canals faster. Experts were equally effective in rotary/reciprocating root canal shaping and faster with rotary motions than nonexpert operators, who also fractured significantly more rotary instruments.
The Belt and Road as method: Geopolitics, technopolitics and power through an infrastructure lens
Authors: Oakes Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough infrastructures may be material manifestations of state territorial power, the political effects of infrastructures are seldom straightforward. And yet, many accounts of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) assume a relatively conventional approach to politics, and to political power. Geopolitical intentionality and top‐down policy and strategic planning tend to be emphasised over project‐level analyses. In response to what might be viewed as an invented BRI geopolitics, this essay suggests a more technopolitical framing of the Belt and Road and seeks to apply an infrastructural analytic to the question of how political power is realised or frustrated, enhanced or diverted, by the distributed and relational nature of infrastructure projects. It argues that our understanding of the socio‐technical complexities of infrastructure is poorly served by viewing them through a conventional geopolitical lens. Instead, it seeks to lay out a research agenda and analytical framework for addressing the questions of how infrastructure projects grow and evolve, how they are embedded within the social‐political‐cultural contexts in which they develop and how they produce political effects that at times align with broader‐scale geopolitical agendas and at other times do not.
BRI and beyond: Comparative possibilities of extended Chinese urbanisation
Authors: Bunnell Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn terms of spatial imaginaries and as physical infrastructure, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) spurs new geographies of comparative urban study. Irrespective of whether it is the primary driver for developments carried out in its name, ‘the BRI’ is a label that serves to bring previously unassociated project sites and non‐place‐based infrastructural developments into comparative relation. This paper considers some of the possibilities presented by the BRI for comparative urban studies in – and from – Asia. Building upon insights from postcolonial urban studies, planetary urbanisation and inter‐Asia cultural studies, I sketch two key possibilities of the BRI as (comparative urban) method. The first concerns the BRI as a series of openings to much (spatially) wider and historically deeper forms of comparison. Second, I argue that BRI as method impels forms of urban comparison beyond conventionally territorialised units of analysis at a variety of scales, including both the city and the (area studies) region.
Identification of a novel GOLGA4–JAK2 fusion gene in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Downes Charlotte E. J. , Rehn Jacqueline , Heatley Susan L. , Yeung David , McClure Barbara J. , White Deborah L. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryRearrangements of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2r) form a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) associated with poor patient outcomes. We present a high‐risk case of B‐cell ALL (B‐ALL) where retrospective mRNA sequencing identified a novel GOLGA4–JAK2 fusion gene. Expression of GOLGA4–JAK2 in murine pro‐B cells promoted factor‐independent growth, implicating GOLGA4–JAK2 as an oncogenic driver. Cells expressing GOLGA4–JAK2 demonstrated constitutive activation of JAK/STAT signalling and were sensitive to JAK inhibitors. This study contributes to the diverse collection of JAK2 fusion genes identified in B‐ALL and supports the incorporation of JAK inhibitors into treatment strategies to improve outcomes for this subtype.
Tracing erosion patterns in South Tibet: Balancing sediment supply to the Yarlung Tsangpo from the Himalaya versus Lhasa Block
Authors: Liang Wendong , Garzanti Eduardo , Hu Xiumian , Resentini Alberto , Vezzoli Giovanni , Yao Wensheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Yarlung Tsangpo, draining the Himalayan‐Tibetan orogen along the Indus‐Yarlung suture zone, receives detritus from the deformed remnants of both Indian margin to the south and Asian margin to the north. High resolution petrographic, heavy‐mineral and geochemical datasets, combined with published geochronological data, allow us to monitor compositional changes, estimate erosion rates and investigate lithologic, climatic and anthropic controls on sediment fluxes along this large sediment‐routing system entirely developed within high mountain areas. Sediment generated from the Lhasa Block along the southern margin of Asia is characterized by abundant feldspar and volcanic rock fragments, amphibole‐dominated transparent heavy mineral suite and high concentrations of K, Rb, Be, Th and Pb. Himalayan‐derived sand, instead, is characterized by sedimentary to low‐rank metasedimentary rock fragments, poor transparent heavy mineral suite dominated by durable recycled (zircon, tourmaline) or metamorphic minerals (chloritoid, garnet) and high Ca concentration. Sand from the ophiolitic suture is distinguished by serpentinite grains and mafic volcanic or metavolcanic detritus, transparent heavy mineral suite including olivine, Cr‐spinel, enstatite and clinopyroxene, and high Mg, Cr, Ni and low rare earth elements. Himalayan detritus is prominent in Yarlung Tsangpo upper reaches, whereas detritus from the Lhasa Block becomes progressively predominant in the middle and lower reaches. Provenance budgets based on integrated petrographic, heavy‐mineral and geochemical datasets indicate that ca. 83% of the detritus is supplied by the Lhasa Block and the rest mostly from the Himalaya (ca. 12%) and subordinately from the ophiolitic suture (5%). A low average erosion rate of ca. 0.06 mm/a was estimated for the Yarlung Tsangpo catchment upstream of the Namche Barwa syntaxis, which resulted from dry climate, relatively mild average relief and sediment storage in wide valley tracts of the middle and lower reaches. The decrease in sediment flux recorded in recent decades is mainly ascribed to growing human activities, which are becoming a prominent control on sediment generation and transportation even in the high‐mountain area of South Tibet.
Middle to late Miocene growth of the North Pamir
Authors: Li Lin , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume , Najman Yani , Kaya Mustafa , Meijer Niels , Poujol Marc , Aminov Jovid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow and when the Pamir formed remains an open question. This study explores Pamir tectonics recorded in a sedimentary section in the eastern Tajik Basin. A prominent lithofacies change that has been recognised regionally is assigned to the middle Miocene (13.5 Ma based on preferred magnetostratigraphic correlation). Closely following this change, detrital zircon U‐Pb age spectra and mudstone bulk‐rock εNd values exhibit a sediment source change from the Central to the North Pamir estimated ca. 12 Ma. At the same time, the stable oxygen and carbon isotopic values of carbonate cements show negative and positive shifts, respectively. Combined with previous studies in both the Tajik and Tarim basins, these results suggest that the North Pamir experienced a middle–late Miocene phase of deformation and surface uplift. This supports models proposing middle–late Miocene Pamir tectonism, and climate models implying that coeval Pamir orogenesis deflected Westerly moisture and affected Asian environments.
Improving the probability that small‐scale science will benefit conservation
Authors: LeFlore Monica , Bunn David , Sebastian Peter , Gaydos Joseph K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe foundational objective of conservation science is to maximize benefits to people and to biodiversity, but ensuring research translates into conservation action is not straightforward. We, retrospectively, evaluated nearly 20 years of small‐scale, competitively funded research to identify parameters most closely associated with science that produced conservation benefits. All projects were funded to help improve the health of marine and coastal flora and fauna within the Salish Sea but only 40% resulted in a positive conservation outcome. Analysis showed that projects that collaborated with personnel from government agencies, and prioritized networking and stakeholder engagement before, during and after the research, were more likely to result in a conservation action. Publication of a peer‐reviewed article did not increase the chance of success. Credible research that includes government collaborators and prioritizes networking and stakeholder engagement increases the probability that scientific findings will inform conservation management.
Experience and consensus on stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for epilepsy
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Eliashiv Dawn , Herman Susan T. , Lundstrom Brian N. , Polnerow Dara , Henderson Jaimie M. , Fisher Robert S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeep brain stimulation of the anterior nuclei of thalamus (ANT‐DBS) is effective for reduction of seizures, but little evidence is available to guide practitioners in the practical use of this therapy. In an attempt to fill this gap, a questionnaire with 37 questions was circulated to 578 clinicians who were either engaged in clinical trials of or known users of DBS for epilepsy, with responses from 141, of whom 58.2% were epileptologists and 28.4% neurosurgeons. Multiple regions of the world were represented. The survey found that the best candidates for DBS were considered those with temporal or frontal seizures, refractory to at least two medicines. Motivations for renewing therapy upon battery depletion were reduced convulsive, impaired awareness, and severe seizures and improved quality of life. Targeting of leads mainly was by magnetic resonance imaging, sometimes with intraoperative imaging or microelectrode recording. The majority used transventricular approaches. Stimulation parameters mostly imitated the SANTE study parameters, except for initial stimulation amplitudes in the 2–3‐V or ‐mA range, versus 5 V in the SANTE study. Stimulation intensity was most often increased or reduced, respectively, for lack of efficacy or side effects, but changes in active contacts, cycle time, and pulse duration were also employed. Mood or memory problems or paresthesias were the side effects most responsible for adjustments. Off‐label sites stimulated included centromedian thalamus, hippocampus, neocortex, and a few others. Several physicians used DBS in conjunction with vagus nerve stimulation or responsive neurostimulation, although our study did not track efficacy for combined use. Experienced users varied more from published parameters than did inexperienced users. In conclusion, surveys of experts can provide Class IV evidence for the most prevalent practical use of ANT‐DBS. We present a flowchart for one protocol combining common practices. Controlled comparisons will be needed to choose the best approach.
Adverse drug reactions induced by cotrimoxazole: Still a lot of preventable harm
Authors: Coppry Maïder , Duret Stéphanie , Berdaï Driss , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Fourrier‐Réglat Annie , Haramburu Françoise , Rogues Anne‐Marie , Noize Pernelle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOwing to a broad spectrum and low cost antimicrobial, cotrimoxazole is largely prescribed. However, its use is associated with various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that warrant to ensure rational prescribing. This study aimed to describe spontaneous reports of cotrimoxazole ADRs and to evaluate the quality of prescription in patients who had ADRs. Suspected cotrimoxazole‐induced ADRs cases reported to the Bordeaux regional pharmacovigilance center (France) during a 5‐year period were described. Seriousness was assessed according to international criteria. Quality of prescription was assessed by compliance with the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) and relevance of cotrimoxazole indication. Then, an ADR was considered as preventable if the cotrimoxazole indication was not relevant, or potentially preventable if indication was relevant but the prescription was not compliant with the SPC. A total of 96 cases were analyzed: median age was 60.5 years (range: 4–94); 59.4% of patients were male. ADRs were mostly cutaneous disorders (n = 46) and hematological disorders (n = 25). A total of 60 serious ADRs occurred in 55 patients. Prescribers complied with all SPC recommendations in 21.9% of cases. Indication of cotrimoxazole was relevant or highly relevant in 41 cases. In 58% of cases, the occurrence of a cotrimoxazole‐induced ADR would have been preventable or potentially preventable. In a context of increasing interest for this antibiotic to treat infections due to resistant bacteria, physicians should be more aware of the potential consequences of inappropriate prescribing cotrimoxazole and reserve its use when there is no alternative and under suitable monitoring.
Pathological changes and expression of lysine oxidases and matrix metalloproteinases ‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 in ligaments of patients with haemophilic arthritis
Authors: Zheng Liujie , Luo Dasheng , Li Jiale , Ye Houlong , Han Zhiwei , Feng Ru , Zhong Qigang , Jing Juehua , Yao Yunfeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionStudying the pathological changes of ligaments in patients with haemophilic arthritis (HA) has important significance for guiding the release of ligaments during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and exploring interventions to prevent ligament lesions.AimThis study was conducted to show the pathological changes and investigate the lysine oxidase (LOX) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 levels in the ligaments of patients with HA compared with those of patients with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsLigaments obtained during the TKA were stained with Masson trichrome, Verhoeff‐Van Gieson and haematoxylin and eosin to show the basic pathological changes. Collagen I, elastin, LOXs and MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 expression levels were detected via western blot. LOX and MMP‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 mRNA expression levels were analysed via quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsCompared with OA ligaments, HA ligaments were constructed more loosely with wider gaps, more breaks, haemocytodeposition and local hypertrophy among the fibres. LOXs and MMP mRNA expression levels were upregulated in the HA tissues, which was consistent with the western blot results. Collagen I and elastin levels were also higher in patients with HA.ConclusionsThe metabolism of the ligaments in patients with HA is more complex than in those with OA, and the ligaments of patients with HA have stronger healing and destruction processes. This pathology is related to iron overload and imbalanced inflammatory factors due to repeated intra‐articular bleeding.