bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Seismic Resistance of Islamic Architecture Monuments on the Example of the Great Mosque of Aleppo taking into account the Seismic Zoning of the Territory of Syria
Authors: Belash T A , Aldrebi Z A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe analysis of the seismicity of the territory of Syria shows high seismic activity, which in turn can affect the further existence of architectural monuments, most of which are included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The article presents the results of a study of the seismic resistance of monuments of Islamic architecture on the example of the Great Mosque in the city of Aleppo, taking into account the seismic features of this territory. Deformations are determined and a comparison of displacements in the mosque due to seismic impact is made.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Air Pollution on Main Streets
Authors: Balakin V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Following the continuous field studies, daily cyclograms have been obtained for carbon oxide concentration in the air, wind velocity, and traffic intensity on main streets of a big city. It was stated that the morning and evening maximums in the air pollution are determined by the quantity adjustment of the incoming exhausts, by temperature and aeration regimes in the street environment. The following factors influence the spatiotemporal change of the pollution level: direction of roads and streets, number of floors and density of buildings, planning and tree planting techniques. It is shown that during designing and exploitation of transportation infrastructure, leveling of daily “peaks” in the air pollution can be provided by optimum geometric parameters of the cross section of main streets of various categories, removal of the transit traffic to alternate routes as well as individual transportation restriction in city centers.
Determination of the Annual Energy Consumption by the Ventilation Systems of the Restaurant’s Kitchen
Authors: Malikova O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of each of the methods used by engineers for calculating air exchange in a hot kitchen workshop on the energy consumption of ventilation systems. The calculation was carried out using six methods for determining the air flow rate removed by local kitchen hoods. For computer modeling of energy consumption, a probabilistic-statistical climate model and a universal PC program were used. which has been built according to the data of primary observations at the Moscow weather station for 30 years. The repeatability of combinations of the climate parameters is given for the cells with a 2 °C temperature step and a step of 5 % of the relative humidity. The content of the model represents a table of 19x37 cells.
Significant discrepancies in the results of calculating exhaust hoods using different methods determine the need for experimental research and the creation of a generalized method. The efficiency and economy of its operation depends on the choice of the method for calculating the exhaust hood. Since the polluted air removed by local kitchen hoods must be compensated for, the air handling unit is forced to clean and warm up huge volumes of air, which increases both the capital costs of equipment and operating costs for the consumption of electricity, heat/cold. The discrepancy in energy consumption by supply and exhaust ventilation units operating in a ranges: from 6 to 97 % for electricity, from 6 to 63 % for heat, from 14 to 30 % for cold.
Urbanism and Cultural Studies: Synergy of Methodological Approaches (on the Example of the City of Vladivostok)
Authors: Malinina N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article examines the influence of cultural studies on urban studies and urban studies on cultural studies. The purpose of the research is to consider architectural problems of city development based on a cultural approach. This methodological approach shows the interdependence of urbanism and cultural studies and leads to a synergistic effect of city development. Hermeneutical methodology is used to analyze the behavioral attitudes of citizens, and the system methodology of urbanism allows to identify ensembles in architectural structures. The unity of the culturological and urban allows us to immerse the problem field of the city in the context of human existence. The material is architectural ensembles of the city of Vladivostok: Central streets, new buildings of the theater and aquarium, and plans for the construction of a theater and Museum complex. As a result, a new architectural element of the artistic image of the city appears. The necessity of ecology of the visual environment of the city is emphasized, including the upbringing of a citizen who takes care of the construction and architectural heritage and the environment. The architectural and artistic image of the city sets requirements for the development of the competence of citizens as people who are attracted to artistic processes. Educational institutions are included in this architectural and artistic image as an institution that forms a fully developed person. The architectural and artistic image of the city is intended to have a synergistic effect of development on the city.
Living in a High-Rise Apartment Building: Fears and Anxieties of Young People
Authors: Abramova S , Antonova N , Polyakova V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of high-rise construction of residential buildings in the context of the emergence of fears of living in them. The urban environment transforms human biological fears, while simultaneously creating conditions for the emergence of new contradictions that can generate urban fears. Living in multi-apartment high-rise buildings changes the space of social interactions with neighbors and affects human satisfaction. In 2020, we conducted a sociological study, the object of which was the young residents of Yekaterinburg (Russia). Based on the results of in-depth interviews (n = 10), the article argues that traditional (life-threatening) fears of life on a high floor remain in the minds of young people. However, at the same time, the experience of living on a high floor causes the emergence of new fears, which significantly expand the repertoire of youth fears: fear of using gas stoves, difficulties in selling, mistrust of housing developers, etc. In the context of the intensification of high-rise construction, the presented public opinion of the townspeople can act as a significant factor in the design of buildings and urban space.
Influence of Aggregate Type on Properties of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Eroshkina N A , Korovkin M O 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe results of comparative studies of geopolymer concrete strength made with coarse aggregate based on granite, limestone, concrete scrap were given. It is found that the use of granite aggregate instead of limestone and concrete scrap reduces the strength flexural 2-2.5 times, as on impact - 2.5-3.5 times; the compressive strength decreases by 10-30%. It concluded that the main item that reduces the strength of the investigated geopolymer concrete when using granite aggregate, its low creep is observed, which, with high autogenous shrinkage of the geopolymer binder, leads to concrete cracking. The established features of the influence of the type of aggregate on the properties of concrete substantiate the use of crushed limestone and concrete scrap as a coarse aggregate of geopolymer concrete.
Method of Automated Research of Sound-Proofing Building Materials
Authors: Lemeshko M A , Kozhemjachenko A V , Merenkova N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is a problem of effective organization and conducting experimental research in special situations. In scientific research, it is not uncommon to perform long and time-consuming experiments, when one experiment takes a relatively long period of time, when a complete factor plan of experiments is needed. The article describes an approach to organizing and conducting experimental studies of building materials on an automated stand with software control. An example of a stand for studying the sound-proofing properties of flat samples of b The authors have shown that automation of the experimental research process increases the accuracy and reliability of research results; expands the boundaries of research and provides an opportunity for preliminary evaluation of primary results with further adjustment of the research plan.uilding sound-proofing materials is given.
The method under consideration can be the basis for various experimental studies on stands that perform research according to a given program.
Investigation into the Regularities of Hydrogen Fluoride Collection by the Developed Fibrous Ion-Exchange Material Under Dynamic and Static Conditions
Authors: Marinina O N , Burkhanova R A , Marinin N A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tests of respirators made of the developed material were conducted under dynamic and static conditions. Based on the methods of mathematical statistics and design of experiments, the authors determined the following dependences: of the dynamic activity of ion-exchanger on the sorbent layer height, of the sorption rate of hydrogen fluoride on the sorption time, of the effective protection time on the height of the layer of the material under investigation. The analysis of the results showed that the given fibrous ion-exchange material can be used as a sorption-filtering element of a respirator to ensure the required efficiency of protection against hydrogen fluoride.
Possible Scheme of Turbulent Potential Flow Free Expansion Below the Non-Pressure Pipe
Authors: Kokhanenko V N , Burtseva O A , Alexandrova M S , Kondratenko A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper substantiates a general scheme for solving two-dimensional free spreading problem in terms of open water potential flow below the non-pressure pipe. The first link. Since a uniform flow at its outlet from a rectangular pipe with its free spreading is coupled with a non-uniform flow of a general form, then, using a theorem from the general theory of two-dimensional in terms of turbulent water potential flows, the conclusion is given: since a straight-line characteristic is always the boundary between a uniform and non-uniform flow, then only a simple wave can directly adjoin the uniform flow area. Simple waves serve as a transitional form from the uniform flow to the general non-uniform flow. Therefore, it is not entirely correct to pose the free flow spreading boundary problem, trying to satisfy only the boundary conditions and obtain an analytical solution without taking into account the intermediate flow “simple wave”. The second important link in solving the problem is a general flow choice. And it can be selected from the intermediate flow condition found by the authors in the velocity hodograph plane. Let us call this flow the “type A flow”. “Type A flow” satisfies all the requirements of the flow spreading process function. When increasing, i.e. τ tends to 1, flow depth h tends to 0; velocity V tends to the maximum. The flow depth is greater on the symmetry axis than when moving along the equipotential to the flow free boundary. Using these two links, it is possible to apply a flow coupling scheme and solve the boundary problem of determining the entire spectrum of parameters for the potential flow spreading. The results obtained in this work can be used by the designers of hydraulic structures, which length is relatively short and where the flow resistance forces can be neglected.
Unique Objects of Industrial and Transport Architecture of Khabarovsk (Early 20th Century)
Authors: Bazilevich E M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Studied were the drawings of the students of the Architecture Department of Pacific National University, which depict the appearance of historical objects in the city of Khabarovsk. This article concerns itself with drawings depicting unique objects: the refrigerator of Count Ressegye and the old “tsar’s” bridge across the Amur River near the city of Khabarovsk, the history of which is little known outside the Far Eastern region. The article reveals new visual information about these objects of architecture.
Catalytic Carbon-Containing Composition for Phosphine Oxidation
Authors: Gosteva A N , Efremov S A , Nikolaev V G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sorbent for removal of phosphine from furnace gas based on special coke from the Shubarkol field was investigated. The composition coke + CuO (10 wt.%) + ZnO (0.1 wt.%) + Cr2O3 (1 wt.%) showed a high sorption capacity for PH3 - about 130 mg / g for 24 h.
Modeling of Criteria of Reliability of Vibrating Platforms for Compaction of Construction Mixtures
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Delembovskyi M M , Voinash S A , Koloshein D V , Teterina I A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main criteria of vibration reliability of vibration sites of the construction industry are considered. It is proposed that the simplest and most important measure of vibration stress is the maximum value of acceleration a(t), which was measured in absolute values, or in the dimensionless form of its attribution to the acceleration of gravity. One of the quality requirements is the maximum vibration acceleration, which at the points of the system does not exceed the maximum allowable values a(t). As the vibration stress is 10−3 m in the form of a vibration displacement of 20 m/s2, depending on the purpose of the elements of the vibrating machines, restrictions can be imposed on both absolute and relative displacements. Evaluate the magnitude of vibration stresses that occur in its elements, the strength of the system. The quality condition requires that the corresponding maximum stresses (in the case of a complex stress state – some maximum equivalent stresses) do not exceed the permissible values. Taken into account in the number of parameters of the quality of forces and moments occurring in the elements of the system, allows to calculate the bearing capacity of the elements. In any case, the vibration load over time leads to the failure of system elements, this is usually accompanied by the accumulation of relevant damage, so the most accurate approach to assessing the vibration reliability is based on consideration of the process of accumulation of damage.
Development of Methodology for Calculation of Discontinuous Circular Welds in Torsion
Authors: Belousov Yu V , Rekach F V , Shambina S L , Razin A D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main criterion for the performance of welds is the strength. The least durable ones are the corner joints used to perform various types of welded joints. In the literature, the methods of calculating the strength of welded joints with solid welds are considered in sufficient details. Methods of calculation of connection interrupted sutures absent. In this case, the greatest difficulty is the calculation of connections using circular intermittent welds, which are often performed in welded drums and pulleys; they work on torsion. Therefore, the development of methods for calculating circular intermittent welds for torsion is quite important.
Shear stresses in welds from torque are determined depending on the value of the polar moment of resistance of its dangerous section. When determining the polar moment of resistance of the dangerous section of a circular discontinuous weld, it was represented by a set of sections in the form of a sector of a circular ring. The method of calculation of the polar moment of resistance of the rotated dangerous section of a circular discontinuous weld, which takes into account the relative length of the weld areas and their number, as well as the method of accurate and approximate calculation of shear stresses in the weld.
Variational Formulations of Flexible Ropes Dynamics Problems
Authors: Baenkhaev A V , Kuzovatkin I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Variational statements of the problems of the dynamics of flexible ropes with significant displacements, the shape of which is determined by constraints and load, are obtained. The position of the flexible rope axis is described by a vector of Cartesian coordinates. The stress state of the rope is characterized by the force in the rope. At present, the methods of calculating the ropes systems are based on a differential formulation. Variational formulations of such problems are proposed.
Biostability of Facade Systems
Authors: Elchishcheva T F , Afonin V V , Erofeeva I V , Zaharova E A , Atmanzin A B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Protection of buildings and structures made of stone materials from biological corrosion is relevant for all groups of buildings, especially in wet and wet modes of operation of external enclosing structures and in conditions of pollution from industrial emissions. The presence of salts in raw materials, mixing water and technological additives to improve the properties of the mixture in the manufacture of building materials, masonry and plaster mortars causes the transfer of salts to the facades of buildings. Due to the hygroscopic effect, salts attract atmospheric moisture, and waterlogged material is a favorable environment for the development of spores of various types of filamentous fungi. The combined effect of salt and biological corrosion reduces the strength properties of materials. Destruction of paint and plaster layers disrupts the appearance of building facades. The study investigated the biological resistance of samples of facade plastering systems to the action of test cultures of filamentous fungi. The fungicidal and fungicidal properties of facade plastering systems of various compositions have been studied. The influence of different types of primer, filler and color on fungal resistance, fungicide and physical and mechanical properties of facade coatings was revealed. It was revealed that multilayer facade systems, consisting of materials with high vapor permeability, water-repellent properties and biostability, provide joint protection against salt exposure and the influence of biological pollution. The aesthetic qualities of the facade surface are ensured by decorative plastering or painting.
Difficulties in Modeling Natural Ventilation Systems on a PC
Authors: Biryukov S V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article describes the equations, methods and difficulties in calculating the local resistance coefficients of T-fittings during the calculation of natural ventilation systems of a building. The choice of formulas for determining resistances has a significant impact on the calculation speed and accuracy of modeling ventilation systems. A method for accounting for ejection during air movement in T-fittings is proposed.
Influence of Automobiles on Environmental Pollution
Authors: Usmanova R M , Sattarova N A , Boyko N N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article considers the influence of automobiles on environmental pollution. It’s been pointed out that the amount of pollutant emitted into the environment depends on the size and the structure of the motor vehicle fleet and the technical conditions of automobiles, namely their engines. Automobiles burn enormous amounts of petrol, thus significantly damaging the environment, primarily the atmosphere, and producing adverse impacts on human health. Vegetation suffers as well because the exhaust fumes from cars immediately affect plants and disturb their natural breathing processes. The use of automobiles leads to environmental pollution and the ecosystem of the entire planet Earth suffers as a result.
Questions about Greening the City Environment in the Application of City Functions that is Compatible with Biosphere
Authors: Bakaeva N V , Chernyaeva I V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The role of urban green spaces is revealed from the perspective of the implementation of the functions of a biosphere-compatible city as one of the fundamental principles of creating a favorable and comfortable urban environment. The article analyzes the main problems associated with the organization of green spaces in the urban environment when implementing the paired functions “Life Support” and “Communication with Nature”. The gradation of landscaping systems in a planning urbanized structure at four urban levels is given on the example of the city of Orel. Modern methods of forming zones of environmental comfort in cities with dense buildings are proposed. The results of the study can serve as the basis for the development of proposals and recommendations for the reconstruction of urban development and renovation of the urban environment based on the symbiotic relations of the biosphere and the city and human development.
Methods of Assessing the Mineral Potential in the Geographic Information Analytical System
Authors: Dadykin B C , Dadykina O V , Nikitina A O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the methods of assessing the mineral resource potential in the geo information system. The relevance of the research is justified by the need for comprehensive development of the mineral resource potential of any region, the development of not only balance deposits, but additional exploration and commissioning of those that currently belong to the category of off-balance. In order to assess the economic efficiency of objects of the mineral resource complex, appropriate methodological support is required. Taking into account the uniqueness of a number of deposits, in many cases the only proper method is to search for similar deposits or analogous industrial raw material objects. Calculations for similar objects can be used to assess the prospects of objects of the mineral resource base in conditions of insufficient information or lack of it necessary for the use of other calculation methods, which determined the purpose of this paper. The work is carried out with the financial support of the grant of the President of the Russian Federation no. MD-2409.2020.5.
Risk-Oriented Approach to Industrial Control over Occupational Health & Safety at the Main Gas Pipeline Construction Stage
Authors: Artanova M V , Ivanova M V , Korobov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the paper, industrial health protection and labor safety inspection certificates have been analyzed. The categories of violations have been composed by the frequency of their occurrence. Based on the General Contractor’s risk assessment method, the severity of potential consequences has been determined and transformed into the ranks. Based on the results obtained, the final rank has been determined for each violation category. It has been proposed to supplement the General Contractor’s Questionnaire with a ranking criterion that will ensure a flexible industrial control system and rational planning of the company’s administrative and material resources.
Performance Analysis of a Small-Sized Screw Cooling Tower
Authors: Bondar K E , Shulaev N S , Laponov S V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this Article describes analysis of efficiency, i.e. analysis of coefficient of thermal - and mass transfer, which carried out thanks to increase of time of phases interaction in developed cooling tower with a spiral air flow. There is given a description of the construction of effective the small-size cooling tower with the spiral type airflow. The main difference of the cooling tower of the existing constructions of that the sprinkler, made of layers of cylindrical polymer cellular pipes, laid on screw line, alignment to the current of the screw type airflow. The small-size cooling tower operates as following: the water, heated at technological process from the closed loop of system is brought to water distribution system. It is distributed evenly on all square of the sprinkler laid on the screw, in which take place a heat and mass transfer of the water and air spiral type flow, which is create by the fan. There is a swirling of the gas phase the tangential feed of the cooling air flow in the bottom of the cylindrical small-size cooling tower, and it can be described by two elements of speed: rotational and translational. Such action allows to intensify a heat and mass transfer processes.