bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
False Negativity in Towel Test for Elbow Flexion Assessment in Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy. Can We Attribute to Handedness?
Authors: Jerome Terrence Jose 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
The towel test is considered as a reliable clinical examination finding to test the elbow flexion in Brachial plexus birth palsy. A mature central nervous system makes this test positive at 6 months’ time and those who failed the test require microsurgical exploration and nerve repair/transfers for upper limb functions. Not all infants pass in this test. Majority of the children develop a clear hand preference at 6 months of age. We hypothesize the validity of the towel test in brachial plexus birth palsy children between 6 and 9 months of age and the possibility of mother and infant handedness in the false-negative tests.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis conducted between 2015 and 2019 about the utility of “towel test” involving 12 boys and 11 girls was analyzed and interpreted. The side involved in these infants and the mother's handedness was also noted. Based on the age, side, gender, and mother-handedness, the results of towel tests were statistically interpreted.

Results:
The mean age of the infants involved was 6.6 months (range 6–9 months). Twenty children (87%) had positive tests. Three (13%) infants (male = 2; female = 1) had false-negative test. There was no action on the normal side to remove the towel but weak movements in the affected upper limb persisted to try and remove the towel. The left-hand mother's infant had false-negative towel test, which was found statistically significant (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Clinicians should know that false negativity may coexist while using the towel test and handedness could be a possibility in them. In such conditions, additional tests can be used to assess the ongoing motor recovery in brachial plexus birth palsy children between 6 and 9 months of age.
Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Recurrent Pediatric Stroke
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Rahman Md Mizanur 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Stroke is relatively rare in children, but it can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the risk factors related to stroke will optimize the outcomes in children. Published cohorts of children with stroke recurrence rates are variable. This study has been done to determine the risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of recurrent pediatric stroke in a developing country.

Materials and Methods:
We enrolled 98 children with stroke: 16 children were excluded due to incomplete investigations and were lost to follow-up. This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2019. Detailed investigations regarding stroke, physical examination, and targeted investigations were done.

Results:
We studied 82 patients: Among them, 52 had their 1st attack, and 30 had recurrent attacks of stroke. The age range of onset of stroke was 4.78 ± 3.90 and 5.30 ± 4.25 in the first and recurrent stroke, respectively. In this study, 36.5% of the enrolled children presented with a recurrence of stroke, whereas the rest presented with the first episode of stroke. The most common cause of recurrent stroke was intracranial vasculopathy, with the most common being vascular narrowing and moya moya disease (MMD). Protein C deficiency was observed more frequently in recurrent stroke. No significant difference was found in the risk factors of the first and recurrent stroke. During follow-up, patients with recurrent stroke developed cognitive decline, epilepsy, and speech disorder more frequently.

Conclusion:
In children with recurrent stroke vasculopathy, particularly MMD and protein C deficiency were observed more frequently. Moreover, in this group, sequelae-like cognitive dysfunction, speech disorder, and epilepsy were observed more frequently.
Hypothesis and Preliminary Results on the Role of MUC1 and MUC2 in Relationship to Autism Etiology
Authors: Roberto Menicagli , Marta Limodio 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Autism is a neurological disorder with either genetic or environmental component. Autism generally presents changes of intestinal permeability to produce alteration of metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. The intestinal macrobiota produces metabolites, opioid-like peptides, that show properties experimentally associated with autism. The aim of this study is to understand the cause of intestinal permeability's alteration.

Materials and Methods:
We determined intestinal MUC2 on stool samples of 12 patients and healthy controls with Fecal Mucin Assay and analyzed the results with Mann–Whitney U-test calculator.

Results:
The results of the dosage of MUC2's concentration in autistic people decrease when compared with those of healthy control groups: this result is statistically significant: the p-value is 0.00124.

Discussion:
The results show an increase of MUC2, perhaps due to genetic origin. We hypnotize a probable over expression on highly hypoglycosylated MUC1. All this prevents a regular linkage of MUC2 to MUC1, so as to form many channels in mucosa. The free MUC2 relies on themselves and joins together with hydrogen bridge bonds, leaving the highly glycosylated end parts to become the starting point for abnormal growth of the bacteria, which in turn produce opioid such as peptides, that pass into the channels of the mucosa layer.
Metabolic effects of long-term antiepileptic drug therapy in South Indian children
Authors: Bhadran Kingini , Bhavani Nisha , Vinayan Kollencheri Puthenveettil , Pavithran Praveen V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
The adverse metabolic effects of long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy are well known. But there is limited data on the same in children from India. This study was designed to look into the effect of long-term AEDs on anthropometry, glycemic parameters, insulin resistance, lipid profile, and hepatic steatosis in a cohort of South Indian children compared to healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was done in a pediatric epilepsy clinic of a tertiary care university teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Ambulant children aged 5 to 15 years with epilepsy on AEDs for at least one year were identified. This cohort was divided into monotherapy and polytherapy groups. Age- and sex-matched controls were selected from healthy children in the community. All the cases and controls underwent a detailed general physical examination and investigations, including fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, fasting lipid profile, and liver transaminases along with ultrasonogram of abdomen.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Student’s t-test, chi-square test, ANOVA/Kruskall–Walli test with Bonferroni adjustment.

Results:
Fifty children on long-term AED therapy (25 on monotherapy and 25 on polytherapy) and 22 controls were included in the study. Children on AED had significantly higher LDL-cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and insulin resistance compared to controls. Four children on multiple AEDs had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Children taking oxcarbazepine regimen were found to have an adverse metabolic profile compared to those on other drugs.

Conclusion:
This cohort of South Indian children with epilepsy on long-term AED therapy had an adverse metabolic profile compared to matched healthy controls. Further larger community-based studies are needed to further characterize the association and develop successful intervention strategies. Emphasis on a healthy life style should be part of comprehensive epilepsy care program.
Prostor, razmerja in razmere
Authors: Loparnik Borut 
Published: July 2021

Evropskost in globalnost nista estetsko oz. umetnostno definirana pojma. Še manj sta, če sprejmemo trenutno časnikarsko rabo, nova. Prostor glasbe in zato muzikologije sicer ni zunaj trenutnega ali splošnega, vendar je drugačen, predvsem tesno povezan s historičnim (in nacionalnim). Antihistorizem globalnega "napredka", ki izloča individualno v imenu "dojemljivosti" (uniformnosti po vzoru tržnega povprečja), je torej nasproten vsebini umetniškega. Še zlasti umetnosti "nezgodovinskih" narodov, katerih glasba in ugotovitve o njej že dosihmal niso zanimale "sveta". Kot nacionalna veda je muzikologija dolžna upoštevati mere vsakokratne družbe in zakonitosti svojega okolja. Vedeti mora, kakšen delež ima v kulturni zavesti naroda sama in kakšnega njen predmet. Gre za vlogo umetniške glasbe, razmerja med praktičnimi glasbeniki in "teoretiki", za znanstveni solipsizem, relevantne teme raziskovanja, za organon in kvaliteto njenega dela. Hkrati mora upoštevati, da se območje neodgovorjenih vprašanj s slehernim pojasnjevanjem preteklega in sočasnega (kajpak tudi evropskega in globalnega) naglo širi. Vezati vse to na skupni imenovalec združevalnih, bolj ko ne futurističnih imaginacij, je sicer oportuni politikum, nikakor pa nazor ali celo orodje znanosti, ki se oblikuje iz umevanja zgodovine. Procesi integracije so zgolj stalna okoliščina umetnostnega dogajanja, ne njegov program. So prvina in ne sinonim glasbenega prostora, razmerij in razmer.
The Truth – In Music. The Sound of Différance
Authors: Geraldine Geraldine 
Published: July 2021

This essay (trial, effort, test, attempt) through (on: the way we say that something runs on such and such an energy source) the truth in music has been written to be read as heard. To re-call the experience of the irreducible sonority of truth (in) music (in) words of which it speaks, and the play of différance – the threads of silence that run between (the) sounds that language/music/truth is mixed together with – that makes sens(e). Composed as a series of grafts (para-cites) on to the writing of Jacques Derrida, the paper engages what it proposes, enacts what it tells: the deconstruction always already at work in a work (his work, this work, any work): the equivocal destinerrance of truth (in) music (in) words. Ce qui reste à force de musique. Neither poetry nor prose. Neither philosophy nor song. But something in between.
Pharmacy students’ perceptions and attitudes towards professionalism on social media: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Almetwazi Mansour , Alahmari Ghaida , Alnahdi Nada , Aljamil Fatemah , Aljawadi Mohammad , Alhossan Abdulaziz 
Published: July 2021

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the perceptions and attitudes toward social media professionalism among pharmacy students according to gender and program year.
Methods: An online survey was sent to pharmacy students. The survey contained two sections: a demographics section, and assessment of attitudes toward professionalism and accountability in using social media.
Results: About 30% of female students disagreed on using social media for hiring decisions compared to 20% of male students. About 41% of female students agreed on the importance of editing social media profiles prior to applying for jobs, compared to 38% of male students. Male students (11%) agreed more than female students (4%) on taking pictures of others without their knowledge. Fifth-year students (85%) disagreed the most on posting descriptions of how to break school or job rules.
Conclusion: Gender and program years have impacted the perceptions and attitudes toward social media professionalism.
Design and Construction of an Automatic Home and Office Power Control System
Authors: Usman Ayinde M. , Ibrahim Oladimeji , Muhammed Yaro S. , Otuoze Abdulrahaman O. , Zakariyya Sikiru O. , Afolayan Mubarak A. 
Published: July 2021

In homes and offices, it is very common for occupants to forget to switch OFF the lighting and fans when leaving the premises. This can be attributed to human forgetfulness and the epileptic power supply which causes interruption that results in users forgetting the state of their appliances (whether they are ON or OFF). Consequently, these appliances would continue to work whenever power is restored when the occupants might have vacated the premise. This action is not a small contributor to energy wastage in a country like Nigeria where there is an inadequate energy supply to go round the populace. In this work, a simple but robust automatic home and office power control system is developed to auto-detect the presence of an occupant in the room through the passive infrared (PIR) sensor and control the electrical appliances (lighting and fan source) in the room. Certain conditions must be met for the operation of lighting and the fan source. The lighting comes up when the PIR sensor senses the presence of an occupant and the room is in darkness, while the fan would work when there is an occupant and the temperature in the room is above 35°C. These conditions are programmed to suit the need of the occupant but cannot be changed by the user. The device automatically switches off within five minutes after the last occupant leaves the room. Keywords— Microcontroller, Passive infrared (PIR) sensor, Solid State Relay (SSR), and Switching
Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Drying Kinetics of Fermented Cardaba Banana Peels
Authors: Oni Kunle O , Ajala Adeladun S , Oloye Abraham O 
Published: July 2021

Cardaba banana peels (Musa acuminata) were fermented for three days and dried using solar dryer, open sun and tunnel dryer. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit in the experimental data. Moisture drying was investigated using Fick’s second law. Statistical tools such as coefficient of determination (R2), reduced chi square (χ2), Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to test the reliability of the model. Sample dried in sun had single falling rate pattern whereas samples in solar and tunnel dryer exhibited a second falling rate pattern. The values of R2 ranged from 0.872 - 0.989, χ2(1.4E-34 - 0.0624), MBE (-0.0067 - 0.0491) and RMSE (1.1E-17 - 0.2247). Effective moisture diffusivity for samples dried in solar, tunnel and sun were 2.92 E-11m2/s, 1.98 E-11m2/s and 1.09 E-11m2/s, respectively. The energy of activation in the process was 64.9kJ/mol. Page model best described drying behavior of the samples.Keywords: Fermentation, banana peels, drying, models, diffusivity, activation energy
Currency Exchange Forecasting Using Sample Mean Estimator and Multiple Linear Regression Machine Learning Models
Authors: Adewale O S. , Aronu D I. , Adeniyi Adedayo D. 
Published: July 2021

In recent time, there is an increasing growth in the amount of trading taking place in the currency exchange market. However, effective analysis and simulation tools for performing accurate prediction of these exchange rates are lacking. To alleviate this challenge, this work presents an hybrid machine learning and prediction model by suitably combining the Sample Mean Estimator (SME) simulation architecture with the multiple linear regression technique based training of feed-forward parameters. The developed model has the capability to overcome prediction inaccuracy, inconsistent forecasting, slow response due to computational complexity and scalability problems. The SME method is used to overcome the problems of uncertainty and non-linearity nature of the predictive variable as it’s always affected by economic and political factors. The implementation of the proposed currency exchange rate forecasting system is achieved through the use of a developed in-house Java program with Net Beans as the editor and compiler. Performance comparison between the present system and two baseline methods which are the Autoregressive Moving Average and the Deep Belief network techniques demonstrates that the present forecasting model out-performed the baseline methods studied. The experimental result shows that the precision rate of the present system are equal to or greater than 70%. Therefore, the present foreign exchange predictive system is capable of providing usable, consistent, efficient, faster and accurate prediction to the users consistently at any-time.Keywords- currency exchange,, feed-forward. Forecasting, Sample Mean Estimator, multiple linear regressions, prediction
Investigation into Rain Attenuation Prediction Models at Locations in Lagos Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Darley Olufunke G. , Yussuff Abayomi I. , Adenowo Adetokunbo A. 
Published: July 2021

This paper investigated the performances of some rain attenuation prediction models at some GSM network locations in Lagos, Nigeria, using remote sensing at Ku band. Remote sensing is a collection and interpretation of information about an object without physical contact with the object being measured. Three popular terrestrial prediction models were considered in this work. These are ITU-R P.530-17, Lin and Silva Mello Models. Ten years (2010-2019) annual rainfall data with hourly integration time were sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and link budgets for three microwave links (Tarzan Yard, Kofo Abayomi and GLO Shop) in Victoria Island at 18 GHz were obtained from Global Communications Limited (GLO), Nigeria. Data analysis and comparison of the microwave links rainfall estimates were carried out to identify the most suitable of the three models at the selected locations of interest. Measurement data obtained from both NIMET and GLO were used to validate the predicted attenuation data from the three selected models. The ITU-R P.530-17 prediction model overestimated the measurement at Tarzan Yard; closely followed by Silva Mello, while Lin underestimated the measured data. Again, at Kofo Abayomi station, the ITU-R model overestimated the measurement, while both Silva Mello and Lin models underestimated the measurement. At the GLO Shop, the Silva Mello overestimated the measured value, while ITU-R and Lin underestimated the measurement. At 0.01% of time exceeded, NIMET measurement was higher (at 48.2 dB) than that of Tarzan Yard, Kofo Abayomi and GLO shop (43.1, 46.3 and 37.0 dB respectively). These results will provide useful information in mitigating signal outages due to rain for mobile communication systems. Keywords- Path attenuation, Prediction models, Rainfall rate, Terrestrial microwave links, Tropical region
Fabrication of Extrudate Filaments from Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastics for 3D Printers
Authors: Eboh Favour C. , Osideko Opeyemi , Onitiri Modupe 
Published: July 2021

The use of 3D printers for manufacturing processes comes with the challenge of filament replacement for subsequent processes. This aforementioned including the environmental problems posed by plastics wastes formed the basis for the current work which is focused on design and construction of a simple single extruder for the production of filaments from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics for rapid prototyping machines and 3D printers. Three Band heaters were used to melt the PET plastics and a screw was used to move the melted PET plastics longitudinally along the barrel. The screw is consisted of three zones namely feed zone, compression zone and metering zone. The temperature of the band heaters is controlled by a Digital temperature controller. This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of a filament extruder. A 2mm die was used to extrude the filament to1.75 mm. The performance of the system was quantified through relevant tests and the findings reported. When the barrel and die assembly are at 200°C, melting begins to occur and at 230°C, the extrudate begins to appear at the metering zone. The energy efficiency of the system was found out to be 75.2%. Keywords— 3D printer, Design, Extruder, Filament, Polyethylene terephthalate.
Design and Fabrication of an Automated Low-Cost Non-Contact Temperature Scanner and Sanitizer for Covid-19 Prevention
Authors: Akinsanmi Olaitan , Amoran Abiodun E. , Oluwole Ayodele S , Igwe P C , Adejuwon P 
Published: July 2021

The rate at which the novel virus Covid-19 spread across the world in an alarming rate with high rate of death of the infected persons is quite disturbing, hence the need to checkmate its spread by quickly identifying persons with the symptoms of this viral infection. This paper discusses the development of an automated low-cost non-contact temperature scanner and sanitizer. The system automatically detects a human being, scans for temperature, and sanitizes the person with no interference required. The circuit for the system comprises an Arduino microcontroller, LCD display, relays, ultrasonic sensors, temperature sensor, 12v DC pump motion sensor and a high pressure 12v DC pump. The temperature sensor (MLX90614) senses the temperature, certifies that the value is within the specified range as controlled by its ultrasonic sensor and displays the temperature on the LCD. Thereafter, an ultrasonic sensor activates the 12V DC pump to dispense the sanitizer. At the disinfectant chamber, the motion sensor will trigger the high-pressured DC pump when it senses movement, it dispenses the body sanitizer through the nozzles. C++ was used to program the Arduino in Arduino user interface. The entire process takes 60seconds and it helps to maintain personal preventive measures as well as detecting a possible symptomatic person as fever with high temperature which is one of the major symptoms of Covid-19. The device has been tested and works effectively, and it will be very useful for any organization with one or more buildings. It can be positioned at the entrance of buildings to sanitize and scan all staff and visitors against Covid-19. Keywords: Arduino, Covid-19, Hand sanitizer, Ultrasonic sensor, Temperature Scanner
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Properties of Eucalyptus torelliana Oils
Authors: Adekoya Modinat A. , Akeem Nadrat J. 
Published: July 2021

Normal oil and Essential oil from fresh leaves of Eucalyptus torelliana (F. Muell) were extracted using solvent (Soxhlet) and steam distillation extraction methods respectively. The leaves were screened for the presence of secondary metabolites and the extracted oils for their antimicrobial potentials. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Phytates (27.81 mg/g) Phytic acids (7.833mg/g) Oxalates (3.061mg/g) Tannins (2.457mg/g) Phenols (30.00%) Flavonoids (2.948%) Saponins (3.166%) and Alkaloids (2.84%). In addition to this the leaves were found to contain anthraquinone. The two oils extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus torelliana were studied for their antimicrobial activity against the following isolated microorganisms: Xanthomonas axonopodis, Shigella dysenterine, Pseudomonas solanecearium, Streptococcus faecales, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Erwinia carotovora, Salmonella typhi. The oils were found to inhibit all the microorganism isolates. The zone of inhibition exhibited by the extracts on the tested microorganism was between 22-6mm. The oil extracts compared favourably with Ampiclox used as a standard control. The results obtained from this study reveals that the oils extracted from Eucalyptus torelliana has antibacterial activities against enteric pathogens and the oil may be potential source of new antimicrobials against enteric organisms.Keywords- Enteric microorganisms, essential oil, Eucalyptus torelliana, secondary metabolites, solvent extraction