bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRP channels in health and disease at a glance
Authors: Yue Lixia , Xu Haoxing 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily consists of a large group of non-selective cation channels that serve as cellular sensors for a wide spectrum of physical and environmental stimuli. The 28 mammalian TRPs, categorized into six subfamilies, including TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPML (mucolipin) and TRPP (polycystin), are widely expressed in different cells and tissues. TRPs exhibit a variety of unique features that not only distinguish them from other superfamilies of ion channels, but also confer diverse physiological functions. Located at the plasma membrane or in the membranes of intracellular organelles, TRPs are the cellular safeguards that sense various cell stresses and environmental stimuli and translate this information into responses at the organismal level. Loss- or gain-of-function mutations of TRPs cause inherited diseases and pathologies in different physiological systems, whereas up- or down-regulation of TRPs is associated with acquired human disorders. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we briefly summarize the history of the discovery of TRPs, their unique features, recent advances in the understanding of TRP activation mechanisms, the structural basis of TRP Ca2+ selectivity and ligand binding, as well as potential roles in mammalian physiology and pathology.
Metabolic rates of aggressive and submissive phenotypes are colour blind in the polymorphic Gouldian finch
Authors: Buttemer William A. , Careau Vincent , Chappell Mark A. , Griffith Simon C. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Evidence from a number of species suggests that behaviours associated with social rank are positively correlated with metabolic rate. These studies, however, are based on metabolic measurements of isolated individuals, thereby ignoring potential effects of social interactions on metabolic rates. Here, we characterised three pertinent metabolic indices in the two predominant genetic colour morphs of the Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae): diurnal resting metabolic rate (RMR), nocturnal basal metabolic rate (BMR) and exercise-induced maximal metabolic rate (MMR). Research reveals that red-headed morphs consistently dominate the less aggressive black-headed morphs and that the two morphs differ in other behavioural and physiological traits. We measured daytime RMR of intermorph naïve birds (first-year virgin males maintained in total isolation from opposite colour morphs) and their metabolic responses to viewing a socially unfamiliar bird of each colour. Subsequently, each bird was placed in a home cage with an opposite colour morph (intermorph exposed) and the series of measurements was repeated. Daytime RMR was indistinguishable between the two morphs, regardless of whether they were intermorph naïve or intermorph exposed. However, both red- and black-headed birds showed a greater short-term increase in metabolic rate when viewing an unfamiliar red-headed bird than when seeing a black-headed bird, but only when intermorph naïve. Measurements of BMR and exercise-induced MMR did not differ between the two morphs, and consequently, aerobic scope was indistinguishable between them. We propose that the behavioural differences between these two sympatric morphs are functionally complementary and represent evolutionary stable strategies permitting establishment of dominance status in the absence of metabolic costs.
Tumult i konfederacja
Authors: Kucharski Adam 
Published: July 2021

The Tumult and Confederation: Religious Significance of the Toruń 1724 and 1767 Events in the Light of Contemporary Manuscript Newsbooks
In the eighteenth century, the town of Toruń, which was politically, religiously, and demographically dominated by Protestants, became twice the nucleus of a countrywide rebellion. The first insurgency occurred in 1724, when the town became the place of religious riots known as the Toruń tumult. The second rebellion appeared in the form of the dissident Crown Confederation of Toruń in 1767, which was founded in response to a Catholic confederation organized in Radom. Both incidents had meaningful impact on the overall situation in Poland-Lithuania. One can find information on these disturbances in contemporary political writings and press. In particular, we find interesting opinions about the Toruń tumult in handwritten newspapers, the only source of news in the Polish territory before the establishment of the first printed newspaper in 1729.
Acute plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures is not associated with earlier return of normal shoulder function when union is achieved
Authors: Nicholson Jamie A. , Clement Nick D. , Clelland Andrew D. , MacDonald Deborah J. , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. , Robinson C. Mike 
Published: July 2021

Aims It is unclear whether acute plate fixation facilitates earlier return of normal shoulder function following a displaced mid-shaft clavicular fracture compared with nonoperative management when union occurs. The primary aim of this study was to establish whether acute plate fixation was associated with a greater return of normal shoulder function when compared with nonoperative management in patients who unite their fractures. The secondary aim was to investigate whether there were identifiable predictors associated with return of normal shoulder function in patients who achieve union with nonoperative management. Methods Patient data from a randomized controlled trial were used to compare acute plate fixation with nonoperative management of united fractures. Return of shoulder function was based on the age- and sex-matched Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores for the cohort. Independent predictors of an early recovery of normal shoulder function were investigated using a separate prospective series of consecutive nonoperative displaced mid-shaft clavicular fractures recruited over a two-year period (aged ≥ 16 years). Patient demographics and functional recovery were assessed over the six months post-injury using a standardized protocol. Results Data from the randomized controlled trial consisted of 86 patients who underwent operative fixation compared with 76 patients that united with nonoperative treatment. The recovery of normal shoulder function, as defined by a DASH score within the predicted 95% confidence interval for each respective patient, was similar between each group at six weeks (operative 26.7% vs nonoperative 25.0%, p = 0.800), three months (52.3% vs 44.2%, p = 0.768), and six months post-injury (86.0% vs 90.8%, p = 0.349). The mean DASH score and return to work were also comparable at each timepoint. In the prospective cohort, 86.5% (n = 173/200) achieved union by six months post-injury (follow-up rate 88.5%, n = 200/226). Regression analysis found that no specific patient, injury, or fracture predictor was associated with an early return of function at six or 12 weeks. Conclusion Return of normal shoulder function was comparable between acute plate fixation and nonoperative management when union was achieved. One in two patients will have recovery of normal shoulder function at three months, increasing to nine out of ten patients at six months following injury when union occurs, irrespective of initial treatment. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):522–529.
Reconfigurable millimeter-range optical binding of dielectric microparticles in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Xie Shangran , Russell Philip St.J. 
Published: July 2021

Optical binding of microparticles offers a versatile playground for investigating the optomechanics of levitated multi-particle systems. We report millimeter-range optical binding of polystyrene microparticles in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The first particle scatters the incident

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mode into several

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modes, creating a beat pattern that exerts a position-dependent force on the second particle. Particle binding results from the interplay of the forces created by counterpropagating beams. A femtosecond trapping laser is used so that group velocity walk-off eliminates disturbance caused by higher order modes accidentally excited at the fiber input. The inter-particle distance can be optically switched over 2 orders of magnitude (from 42 µm to 3 mm), and the bound particle pairs can be translated along the fiber by unbalancing the powers in the counterpropagating trapping beams. The frequency response of a bound particle pair is investigated at low gas pressure by driving with an intensity-modulated control beam. The system offers new degrees of freedom for manipulating the dynamics and configurations of optically levitated microparticle arrays.
The impact of sonication cultures when the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is inconclusive
Authors: Ribeiro Taiana Cunha , Honda Emerson Kiyoshi , Daniachi Daniel , Cury Ricardo de Paula Leite , da Silva Cely Barreto , Klautau Giselle Burlamaqui , Salles Mauro Jose 
Published: July 2021

Background
In the absence of a gold standard criterion for diagnosing prosthetic joint infections (PJI), sonication of the removed implant may provide superior microbiological identification to synovial fluid and peri-implant tissue cultures. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the role of sonication culture compared to tissue cultures for diagnosing PJI, using different consensus and international guidelines for PJI definition.

Methods
Data of 146 patients undergoing removal of hip or knee arthroplasties between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The International Consensus Meeting (ICM-2018), Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS), and a modified clinical criterion, were used to compare the performance of microbiological tests. McNemar´s test and proportion comparison were employed to calculate p-value.

Results
Overall, 56% (82/146) were diagnosed with PJI using the clinical criteria. Out of these cases, 57% (47/82) tested positive on tissue culture and 93% (76/82) on sonication culture. Applying this clinical criterion, the sensitivity of sonication fluid and tissue cultures was 92.7% (95% CI: 87.1%- 98.3%) and 57.3% (95% CI: 46.6%-68.0%) (p<0.001), respectively. When both methods were combined for diagnosis (sonication and tissue cultures) sensitivity reached 96.3% (95% CI: 91.5%-100%). Sonication culture and the combination of sonication with tissue cultures, showed higher sensitivity rates than tissue cultures alone for all diagnostic criteria (ICM-18, MSIS, IDSA and EBJIS) applied. Conversely, tissue culture provided greater specificity than sonication culture for all the criteria assessed, except for the EBJIS criteria, in which sonication and tissue cultures specificity was 100% and 95.3% (95% CI: 87.8–100%), respectively (p = 0.024).

Conclusions
In a context where diagnostic criteria available have shortcomings and tissue cultures remain the gold standard, sonication cultures can aid PJI diagnosis, especially when diagnostic criteria are inconclusive due to some important missing data (joint puncture, histology).
Impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Tuberculosis incidence among people living with HIV: A secondary data analysis using Inverse Probability Weighting of individuals attending HIV care and treatment clinics in Tanzania
Authors: Maokola Werner M. , Ngowi Bernard J. , Mahande Michael J. , Todd Jim , Robert Masanja , Msuya Sia E. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Information on how well Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) works on reducing TB incidence among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in routine settings using robust statistical methods to establish causality in observational studies is scarce.

Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of IPT in routine clinical settings by comparing TB incidence between IPT and non-IPT groups.

Methods
We used data from PLHIV enrolled in 315 HIV care and treatment clinic from January 2012 to December 2016. We used Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting to adjust for the probability of receiving IPT; balancing the baseline covariates between IPT and non-IPT groups. The effectiveness of IPT on TB incidence was estimated using Cox regression using the weighted sample.

Results
Of 171,743 PLHIV enrolled in the clinics over the five years, 10,326 (6.01%) were excluded leaving 161,417 available for the analysis. Of the 24,800 who received IPT, 1.00% developed TB disease whereas of the 136,617 who never received IPT 6,085 (4.98%) developed TB disease. In 278,545.90 person-years of follow up, a total 7,052 new TB cases were diagnosed. Using the weighted sample, the overall TB incidence was 11.57 (95% CI: 11.09–12.07) per 1,000 person-years. The TB incidence among PLHIV who received IPT was 10.49 (95% CI: 9.11–12.15) per 1,000 person-years and 12.00 (95% CI: 11.69–12.33) per 1,000 person-years in those who never received IPT. After adjusting for other covariates there was 52% lower risk of developing TB disease among those who received IPT compared to those who never received IPT: aHR = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.40–0.58, P<0.001).

Conclusion
IPT reduced TB incidence by 52% in PLHIV attending routine CTC in Tanzania. IPTW adjusted the groups for imbalances in the covariates associated with receiving IPT to achieve comparable groups of IPT and non-IPT. This study has added evidence on the effectiveness of IPT in routine clinical settings and on the use of IPTW to determine impact of interventions in observational studies.
Using Mindful Attention Awareness Scale on male prisoners: Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch models
Authors: Poorebrahim Ali , Lin Chung-Ying , Imani Vida , Kolvani Shapour Soltankhah , Alaviyoun Seyed Abbas , Ehsani Narges , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: July 2021

AimThis study tested the construct validity (i.e., factor structure) of the Persian Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) on a sample of male prisoners.MethodsAll the participants (mean±SD age = 39.44±7.94 years) completed three scales—the Persian MAAS, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis with differential item functioning (DIF) were applied to examine the construct validity of the MAAS. Specifically, the DIF was tested across different insomnia status (using ISI with a cutoff of 15), psychiatric well-being status (using GHQ-12 with a cutoff of 12), and age (using mean age of 39.44 as the cutoff).ResultsThe CFA results showed a single factor solution for the Persian MAAS. The Rasch results showed all MAAS items fit in the construct (infit mean square [MnSq] = 0.72 to 1.41; outfit MnSq = 0.74 to 1.39) without displaying DIF items (DIF contrast = -0.34 to 0.31 for insomnia condition; -0.22 to 0.25 for psychiatric well-being; -0.26 to 0.29 for age).ConclusionsThe Persian version of the MAAS is, therefore, a valid instrument to measure mindfulness among Iranian male prisoners.
Shuanghuanglian oral preparations combined with azithromycin for treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Asian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Peng Yingying , Chen Zhe , Li Yanjiao , Lu Qiu , Li Huanmin , Han Yaowei , Sun Dan , Li Xinmin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main causes of community-acquired pneumonia. Due to the imperfect immune system of children, this also causes Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) to be more common in children. Globally, the incidence of MPP in children is gradually increasing. This study was the first to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of Shuanghuanglian (SHL) oral preparations combined with azithromycin in the treatment of MPP in children.MethodsThis study fully retrieved 3 Chinese databases and 5 English databases to search the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SHL oral preparations combined with azithromycin in the treatment of children with MPP. The search time is from the inception to September 2020. Data extraction and risk bias evaluation were performed independently by two researchers. We conducted a Meta-analysis of all the outcome indicators. Besides, Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and heterogeneity analysis were used for the primary outcomes to find the possible potential confounding factors.ResultsFinally, we included 27 RCTs involving 2884 patients. SHL oral preparations combined with azithromycin were better than azithromycin alone in response rate (RR = 1.14, 95% CI[1.11, 1.18]; low certainty evidence), disappearance time of fever(MD = -1.72, 95% CI[-2.47, -0.97]; low certainty evidence), disappearance time of cough (MD = -2.95, 95% CI[-3.55, -2.34]; low certainty evidence), and disappearance time of pulmonary rales (MD = -2.13, 95% CI[-2.88, -1.38]; low certainty evidence). The Meta-regression results showed that the course of disease, age, and method of administration may be the source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis have found that the results were stable. For other related clinical symptoms, T lymphocytes, and Serum inflammatory factors, SHL oral preparations combined with azithromycin was better than azithromycin alone, and the difference was statistically significant. For adverse events with low certainty evidence, safety needs further verification.ConclusionBased on the results of meta-analysis with low certainty evidence, we believed that SHL oral preparations combined with azithromycin likely be effectively improved clinical symptoms compared with azithromycin alone. Low certainty evidence showed that SHL may safety with no serious adverse events. Due to these limitations, the safety needs further verification. More high-quality, multicenter, and large-sample RCTs should be tested and verified in the future.
Disseminated disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV positive patients: A retrospective case control study
Authors: Wetzstein Nils , Geil Ari , Kann Gerrit , Lehn Annette , Schüttfort Gundolf , Kessel Johanna , Bingold Tobias M. , Küpper-Tetzel Claus P. , Haberl Annette , Graf Christiana , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Stephan Christoph , Hogardt Michael , Wichelhaus Thomas A. , Wolf Timo 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Disseminated infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria has been a major factor of mortality and comorbidity in HIV patients. Until 2018, U.S. American guidelines have recommended antimycobacterial prophylaxis in patients with low CD4 cell counts, a practice that has not been adopted in Europe. This study aimed at examining the impact of disseminated NTM disease on clinical outcome in German HIV patients with a severe immunodeficiency.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective case control study, HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease were identified by retrospective chart review and matched by their CD4 cell counts to HIV patients without NTM infection in a 1:1 alocation. Primary endpoints were mortality and time to first rehospitalisation. In addition, other opportunistic diseases, as well as antimycobacterial and antiretroviral treatments were examined.

Results
Between 2006 and 2016, we identified 37 HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease. Most of them were suffering from infections due to M. avium complex (n = 31, 77.5%). Time to event analysis showed a non-significant trend to higher mortality in patients with disseminated NTM disease (p = 0.24). Rehospitalisation took place significantly earlier in patients with disseminated NTM infections (median 40.5 days vs. 109 days, p<0.0001).

Conclusion
In this retrospective case control study, we could demonstrate that mortality is not significantly higher in HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease in the ART era, but that they require specialised medical attention in the first months following discharge.
Heart failure care and outcomes in a Tanzanian emergency department: A prospective observational study
Authors: Prattipati Sainikitha , Sakita Francis M. , Kweka Godfrey L. , Tarimo Tumsifu G. , Peterson Timothy , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Thielman Nathan M. , Limkakeng Alexander T. , Bloomfield Gerald S. , Hertz Julian T. 
Published: July 2021

Background
The burden of heart failure is growing in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is a dearth of data characterizing care and outcomes of heart failure patients in the region, particularly in emergency department settings.

Methods
In a prospective observational study, adult patients presenting with shortness of breath or chest pain to an emergency department in northern Tanzania were consecutively enrolled. Participants with a physician-documented clinical diagnosis of heart failure were included in the present analysis. Standardized questionnaires regarding medical history and medication use were administered at enrollment, and treatments given in the emergency department were recorded. Thirty days after enrollment, a follow-up questionnaire was administered to assess mortality and medication use. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify baseline predictors of thirty-day mortality.

Results
Of 1020 enrolled participants enrolled from August 2018 through October 2019, 267 patients (26.2%) were diagnosed with heart failure. Of these, 139 (52.1%) reported a prior history of heart failure, 168 (62.9%) had self-reported history of hypertension, and 186 (69.7%) had NYHA Class III or IV heart failure. At baseline, 40 (15.0%) reported taking a diuretic and 67 (25.1%) reported taking any antihypertensive. Thirty days following presentation, 63 (25.4%) participants diagnosed with heart failure had died. Of 185 surviving participants, 16 (8.6%) reported taking a diuretic, 24 (13.0%) reported taking an antihypertensive, and 26 (14.1%) were rehospitalized. Multivariate predictors of thirty-day mortality included self-reported hypertension (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.86], p = 0.017) and symptomatic leg swelling at presentation (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.35–5.56, p = 0.006).

Conclusion
In a northern Tanzanian emergency department, heart failure is a common clinical diagnosis, but uptake of evidence-based outpatient therapies is poor and thirty-day mortality is high. Interventions are needed to improve care and outcomes for heart failure patients in the emergency department setting.
Wenn, weil – dann
Authors: Gentz Joachim 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Besonderheiten altchinesischer Prognostik werden an zwei Texten aus dem 3. und 4. Jh. v. u. Z. diskutiert, dem »Xici«-Kapitel des Buches der Wandlungen und dem Zuo zhuan. Sie zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie zum ersten Mal empirisch begründete Erklärungen für den Zusammenhang von Protasis und Apodosis in der Prognostik geben, die erfolgreiche Durchführung der Prognose aber an die moralische Qualifikation des Deuters als letzte Bedingung knüpfen.
Ambivalente Prognostiken
Authors: Frenschkowski Marco 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die an Jesus gerichtete Forderung nach einem Himmelszeichen interagiert mit antiken Reflexionen über die Ambivalenz und auch Fragwürdigkeit irdischer mantischer Zeichen, die als Kommunikation aus der Welt Gottes oder der Götter gedeutet werden können, aber eben auch mehrdeutig bleiben. Das Thema wird in den Evangelien (schon Mk und Q) in zwei Mustern tradiert: als Verweigerung Jesu gegenüber den Fragenden wie auch als eschatologisches Rätselwort Jesu (Jona-Zeichen), das vermutlich von Anfang an eine österlich-eschatologische Bedeutung hatte. Die Studie skizziert, wie am Thema des Himmelszeichens im Gegenüber zur antiken Mantik eine Zeichentheologie entsteht, die in Jesus selbst eine Disambiguierung göttlicher Kommunikation erkennt.