bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of foot reflexology massage on pruritus in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Shahriari Azar , Sarani Hamed , Sheikh Sara , Arbabisarjou Azizollah 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Pruritus is a common skin manifestation in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Pruritus has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients receiving hemodialysis. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of foot reflexology massage on pruritus in hemodialysis patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 90 hemodialysis patients referred to Khatam-al-Anbiya and Ali-Ebne Abi-Taleb hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Patients with moderate-to-severe pruritus scores obtained from the Pruritus Severity Scale (PSS) were included in the study. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups using shuffling cards or envelopes. The intervention group received nine sessions of foot reflexology massage 3 days a week for 20 min (10 min on each foot) with an emphasis on the solar plexus point. The participants in both groups again completed the PSS 48 h after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 24, independent t-test, Chi-square test, and paired t-test.

RESULTS:
The results of this study demonstrated that foot reflexology massage significantly reduced itching or pruritus in hemodialysis patients (P < 0.001). Pruritus scores in the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant statistically difference between the two groups in terms of the pruritus scores before the intervention (P = 0.59).

CONCLUSION:
Our findings showed that the foot reflexology massage could relieve itching or pruritus in hemodialysis patients. It is, therefore, recommended that it can be used as an effective intervention technique to alleviate itching in hemodialysis patients.
A cross-sectional study of prevalence and types of sexual dysfunction among married male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome attending tertiary healthcare center from Central Rural India
Authors: Bhainsora Ravi Singh , Patil Pradeep Shriram , Ghogare Ajinkya Sureshrao , Vankar Ganpatlal Kodarbhai 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Chronic and persistent alcohol use is one of the most common significant psychiatric illnesses known to cause sexual dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to study the prevalence and types of sexual dysfunction in the clinical sample of married male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare center from Central Rural India over an 18-month period (from November 1, 2017, to April 30, 2019), with a sample size of 100 patients with diagnosis of ADS. Data were collected using convenient sampling method from married male patients diagnosed with ADS, based on the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, 10th Edition–Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Sociodemographic profile and clinical variables were recorded in a specific case report form prepared for the study using the severity of alcohol dependence questionnaire (SADQ) to assess the severity of ADS and using Arizona sexual experiences scale (ASEX) to assess the types and prevalence of sexual dysfunction among patients with ADS. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS Software Version 15.0, Chi-square test, and Pearson's test of correlation.

RESULTS:
Of the 100 patients of ADS assessed, 48% had sexual dysfunction. Majority of the patients reported more than one sexual dysfunction with 87.5% of the patients reporting reduced sexual drive, 79.1% of the patients reported dysfunction in sexual arousal, while erectile dysfunction was found in 58% of the patients. 54% of the patients reported difficulty in reaching orgasm. The lowest prevalence in our study was of orgasmic satisfaction reported by 31.2% of the patients. There was high positive correlation between SADQ scores and ASEX scores. Thus, as the severity of ADS increased, the risk of development of sexual dysfunctions also increased. Further, there was comparatively low but positive correlation between duration of ADS and sexual dysfunction on ASEX scores, indicating that as the duration of ADS increased, the risk of occurrence of sexual dysfunctions also increased.

CONCLUSION:
Chronic and severe alcohol dependence increases the chances of developing sexual dysfunctions. These findings can be utilized in the motivation enhancement therapy of patients with ADS to quit alcohol consumption and to improve their quality of sexual life.
Explaining the perception of spiritual care from the perspective of health personnel
Authors: Khalajinia Zohre , Tehran Hoda Ahmari , Heidari Akram 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Spiritual care is one of the important and essential aspects of healthcare. The impact of spirituality on healing, health-related states, and the ability to cope and adapt to the disease is undeniable. Thus, this study is aimed to explain the perception of the spiritual care of patients by health-care providers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was performed with a qualitative approach using content analysis by the conventional method in hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 participants through a purposeful sampling method and analyzed simultaneously. The consistency of the data was confirmed by the participants.

RESULTS:
Data analysis provided four main categories as follows: “Observing the patient's rights” with subcategories of respect, right to choose, preserving the patient's privacy, proper communication with the patient, “professionalism” with subcategories of responsibility, acceptance of mistakes, development of technical skills and knowledge, “supportive behaviors” with subcategories of paying attention to emotional and psychological needs and “Strengthening the patient's religious dimension” with subcategories of honoring religious beliefs and providing healthcare along with trust in God.

CONCLUSIONS:
According to the study findings, spiritual care from the perspective of health-care providers was explained as attention to emotional and psychological needs, reverence for patients' religious beliefs, respect for human dignity, and sense of responsibility.
Evaluation of physical medicine and rehabilitation course for undergraduate medical students
Authors: Emami Razavi Seyede Zahra , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Hosseini Maryam , Dehgolan Shahram Rahimi , Maghbouli Nastaran 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
The objective was to evaluate an innovative physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) course for undergraduate students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and their attitude and knowledge change following course participation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Ninety-one medical students filled the knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction forms pre- and postintervention. Nineteen medical students, two faculty physiatrists, two residents, two physical therapists, and two occupational therapists participated in the focus groups.

RESULTS:
We found significant attitude improvements. They declared the usefulness of PMR course for undergraduate. Moreover, they agreed that physiatrists could be first choice for refer of musculoskeletal patients and they preferred PMR as future career after course experience. Also, they preferred to refer musculoskeletal patients including carpal tunnel syndrome, frozen shoulder, nonspecific low back pain after course participation. We found a good relationship between attitude and practice scores (r = 0.543, P = 0.000); in fact, students' attitude would strongly predict their practice through a model involving age, satisfaction, and exam scores (R
2 = 0.356, B = 0.35 [0.06], and P = 0.000).

CONCLUSION:
We found that internship training course might be an effective method of teaching PMR. Improving attitude toward the field of PMR and patient referral practice, career choice and disability perceptions of undergraduates is concluded in this study. Investigation of the advantages of such courses in larger studies with longer follow-up time-points is highly recommend.
Educational leadership in education development centers
Authors: Taghavinia Mansoureh , Maleki Mohammad Reza , Arabshahi Kamran Soltani 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Education development centers (EDCs) have a vital role in improving the quality of medical education. This study was conducted with the aim of discovering educational leadership characteristics in EDCs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was carried out with a qualitative approach and using a conventional content analysis method. The sampling was purposive. Twenty-four faculty members, managers, and experts of EDCs in the universities of medical sciences included 13 males and 11 females participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were utilized for data collection. The conventional content analysis approach was utilized to analyze the data.

RESULTS:
From the data analysis, two categories included “personality characteristics” and “job characteristics” and six subcategories included reliabilism, humanness and altruism, accountability, decisiveness, dynamism and perfectionism, and knowledge, experience, and expertise and 24 codes were extracted.

CONCLUSION:
Results obtained in the present study will help to increase the awareness of the educational leaders of the EDCs in improving their personality and job skills and this will lead to the qualitative development of educational leadership.
Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 and dental treatment - Its availability and treatment satisfaction during the pandemic among adult population - An online survey
Authors: Nair Admaja K. , Mathew Philips , Sreela L. S. , Prasad Twinkle S. , Jose Merrin 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease primarily spreading through droplet infection which require significant restriction and modification in dental treatment. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of adult population toward COVID-19 and dental treatment and to assess the availability of dental treatment and patient satisfaction during the time of pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An online survey was conducted using self-designed electronic questionnaire consisting knowledge and attitude about COVID-19 and dental scenario and questions regarding availability of dental treatment received during the time of pandemic. Knowledge scores were assessed on a maximum total score ranged from 0 to 8, and descriptive statistics were done for questions related to attitudes and dental treatment availability.

RESULTS:
A total of 495 participants with mean age of 36.6 years participated in the study. The mean knowledge score was 7.12 ± 0.99 and the participants were found to have good awareness and positive attitude regarding COVID-19 were as considerable number of participants were unaware about the risk associated with dental treatment as well as restrictions imposed on dental procedures. About 18% of participants experienced one or other form of dental complaints during the lockdown period. 4% of participants had no accessibility to any form of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Public awareness is to be improved regarding risk of cross infection that can be associated with dental treatment and public should be motivated to use virtual facilities like tele-dentistry so that no dental emergencies is left untreated, at the same time avoiding any sort of unnecessary hospital visit during the pandemic time.
Laparoscopic versus open surgical management of patients with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Nag Hirdaya Hulas , Nekarakanti Phani Kumar , Arvinda P. S. , Sharma Aditya 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) have been established, but its outcome has not been compared to that of open surgery.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted on patients with CP who were treated by a single surgical team from 2012 to 2018. The medical records of patients with surgical treatment of CP were reviewed. Patients were divided into laparoscopic group (LG) and open group (OG). Both the groups were matched for age and procedures. The matched groups were compared.

Results:
The total number of unmatched patients was 99 and post matching, there were 38 patients in each group. The demographic, aetiological, clinical and laboratory parameters were comparable. The number of each surgical procedure including bilio-enteric anastomosis was also similar. Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy was the most common surgical procedure in both the groups. An additional surgical procedure (bilio-enteric bypass) was required in 10.5% of the patients in LG and 21% of the patients in OG groups (P = 0.3). Significantly lower blood loss (100 vs. 120 ml) and higher operation time (300 vs. 210 min) were observed in LG. The post-operative complication rate was 7.9% in LG group versus 10.5% in OG group. More than 85% of the patients in both the groups had a significant relief from pain. The impact of exocrine and endocrine insufficiency was not remarkable in both the groups. The requirement of an additional surgical procedure was associated with a high conversion rate.

Conclusions:
The outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in patients with CP were similar to that of open surgery, and requirement of an additional surgical procedure is associated with a high conversion rate.
Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of traumatic ankle injury
Authors: Esmailian Mehrdad , Ataie Mahdi , Ahmadi Omid , Rastegar Shirvan , Adibi Atoosa 
Published: February 2021

Background:
This study was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of traumatic ankle injury in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on 31 patients with soft-tissue injury or fracture, referring to the MRI imaging center of Alzahra and Kashani Hospitals in Isfahan from October 2018 to March 2019. After an MRI, an ultrasound of the affected ankle was performed for all patients. Sonography and MRI were performed by two radiologists who were blinded to the results of each other's reports. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of sonography were determined.

Results:
In this study, 31 patients with ankle trauma were studied. The mean age of the patients was 30.73 ± 10.15 years; 32.3% were male and 67.7% were female. The sensitivity of ultrasound relative to MRI to detect damage to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) was 66.67%, 50%, and 100%, respectively, and the corresponding specificity was 92.86%, 93.10%, and 93.10%, respectively. According to Kappa test, the agreement between ultrasound and MRI methods for detecting injury to ATFL (κ = 0.51), PTFL (κ = 0.35), and CFL (κ= 0.63) was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Ultrasound is an appropriate modality for the diagnosis of injuries to CFL and ATFL and has shown acceptable results for PTFL. It could be used as an alternative in cases where access to MRI is not available.
Effects of crystalline penicillin G sodium on human T-cells differentiation
Authors: Shams Ali , Asl Amir Abdian , Owlia Sina , Owlia Mohammad Bagher 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Although antibiotics are well-known for their anti-bacterial effects, their inaugurated immunomodulatory roles in chronic inflammatory diseases have not elucidated yet. Anecdotal reports support the beneficial effects of parenteral penicillin in arthritis suggesting an immunomodulatory other than antibacterial effects for penicillin. The present study was designed to address the possible effects of penicillin G sodium (PCN-G) on different T-helper cells differentiation.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 10 healthy donors were isolated using Ficoll density gradient. The stimulated PBMCs by anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and anti-CD69 were cultured in the presence of 120 μg/ml of PCN-G. Foxp3, T-bet, RORγT, GATA3 as well as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-17A mRNA in stimulated cells were measured by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mann–Whitney U-test was used for determining differences between the medium of gene expression levels of stimulated cell population and unstimulated cells by PCN. Correlations between the related genes were determined using the Spearman test.

Results:
Based on the results, T-bet gene expression levels were similar in stimulated cells by PCN G after 24 and 48 h while significant reduction was observed after 72 incubation with PCN G (difference = 3; 0.09–0.34; P = 0.031). Meanwhile, treated cells with PCN G expressed decreased levels of IFN-γ (difference = 8.0; 0.49–1.07; P = 0.001) and IL-17A (difference = 2.2; 0.05–0.75; P ≤ 0.05) genes comparing to unstimulated cell by PCN-G. GATA3 genes expression levels downregulated by PCN G after 72 h of incubation by PBMCs (difference = 1.1; 0.77–0.88; P = 0.035).

Conclusion:
Our results confirmed the immunomodulatory role of PCN G by affecting the expression of different cytokines genes in PBMCs.
Clinical profile and surgical outcomes in children with posterior lenticonus
Authors: Jain Divya Harshwardhan , Agarkar Sumita , Dhillon Hennaav Kaur 
Published: February 2021

AIMS:
The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical profile of children presenting with posterior lenticonus. We also report on visual outcomes following surgery in these patients.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Medical records of patients with a diagnosis of posterior lenticonus between January 2000 and December 2016 were reviewed. Data collected included demographic details, preoperative, intraoperative details like type of intraocular lens (IOL) and surgery, and amblyopia therapy. Only the patients with a follow-up of at least 6 months from the time of presentation were included in the analysis.

RESULTS:
Forty-eight eyes with posterior lenticonus with at least 6 months of follow-up were studied. Twelve (25%) eyes had a preoperative posterior capsule (PC) dehiscence as seen on slit-lamp biomicroscopy or on ultrasonography. The mean presenting visual acuity in all eyes was 1.034 ± 0.56 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units. The mean final visual acuity in these patients was 0.57 ± 0.5 logMAR units. Postoperative visual acuity was found to have a borderline positive correlation with the presence of preoperative strabismus (P = 0.049). Younger age at presentation (P = 0.533) or the presence of preoperative PC dehiscence (P = 0.735) did not influence final visual acuity.

CONCLUSION:
Visual acuity improves following surgery with IOL implantation in children with posterior lenticonus and cataract. With the availability of foldable lenses and improved surgical techniques, it is possible to place the IOL in bag despite a preexisting posterior capsular dehiscence. Children with posterior lenticonus who present with strabismus are likely to have poorer visual outcomes.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON EFFICACY OF DEMONETIZATION IN INDIA: POLICY ROLLOUT ON DEMONETIZING OLD CURRENCY
Authors: Panah Abdul Masood , Muniraju Y. 
Published: February 2021

Demonetization is the process of declining the use of currency from circulation by the government or monetary authorities in a country. This research paper analyses the efficacy of Indian demonetization from common public perspectives, the policy that the government of India has implemented to fight against black money, drying the financial roots of terrorism, and direct the civilization towards digital transactions and a cashless economy. A field survey was conducted in Karnataka and Kerala’s coastal region by distributing a structured questionnaire among the common public to generate the data. The authors run descriptive statistics and ordinal regression analysis to obtain the result for the study’s objectives. The descriptive statistics result found that demonetization increased the number of bank account holders in India. There is not much impact of demonetization on controlling evasion of tax and illegal investments of black money, and the policy adversely affects regular business in the country. The findings from ordinal regression reveal that the time frame was given to the public to demonetize their old notes were sufficient; money circulation was well planned at the time of demonetization. The policy implemented at the right time and the common public, despite facing enormous challenges while purchasing goods and services at the time of demonetization, considers that demonetization implementation was effective.
JEL Classification Codes: E5, E6, E7, E58, E60.
Camino a la reinserción, estudiante universitario recluso
Authors: Cordón Archila Morelia Aydé 
Published: February 2021

Esta investigación plantea como objetivo reflexionar sobre la Importancia de los estudios universitarios para los privados de libertad en la Granja Modelo de Rehabilitación Cantel, Quetzaltenango, además aborda la problemática de continuidad y oportunidad de estudios universitarios en reclusos; derecho consignado en el Decreto 33-2006 de la Ley del Régimen Penitenciario que regula los estudios para los reclusos a nivel nacional, con la intencionalidad de la redención o reducción de la pena y la reinserción a la sociedad. También se trató de establecer la mejor toma de decisiones en su implementación, las razones de suspensión y qué universidades han colaborado con el programa.
Para el efecto se realizó una investigación cualitativa no experimental transeccional ya que evalúa el estudio universitario en prisión, con alcance exploratorio por examinar un fenómeno poco estudiado, se buscaron características, perfiles y probabilidad que el programa se impartiera en otros centros.
Durante el proceso investigativo se logró establecer razones de la suspensión del programa, por ejemplo, el factor económico, pues los reclusos debían pagarlo. Esta razón afectó a las personas motivadas con estudiar y a la fecha únicamente existe una persona cumpliendo condena, que inició el programa y fue afectada por su discontinuidad, siendo el año 2010 último en que se proporcionó educación.
Se estableció al momento del estudio, 2300 reclusos sentenciados registrados en el centro penal de los cuales únicamente una persona se encontraba cumpliendo su condena, y que realizó el programa educativo universitario.
Sistem Penjualan DRW Skincare Berbasis e-Commerce di Kota Samarinda
Authors: Nurcahyono Damar , Alam Hadiwijaya Noor 
Published: February 2021

Di saat ini semua kebutuhan sudah bisa didapatkan dengan cara yang mudah dan cepat karena ada teknologi yang semakin berkembang dengan cepat, sebelum ada teknologi dulu jika kita ingin membeli suatu barang maka kita membeli langsung kepada penjual atau toko – toko yang tersedia. Tapi dengan teknologi yang semakin cangih dan ilmu pengetahuan yang semakin maju sekarang kita tidak perlu lagi atau tidak perlu susah karena sekarang sudah terdapat toko – toko yang menjual barang melalui internet yaitu dengan cara E-Commerce atau yang biasa dikenal dengan toko online. Oleh sebab itu penulis ingin membuat sebuah karya tulis tantang toko online yang bisa menjual kommetik atau skincare dengan mudah dan cepat. Aplikasi ini dibuat dengan cara bertahap mulai dari analisa awal permasalahan, desain sistem, pembuatan sistem sampai perbaikan atau perawatan system. Agar lebih mudah didalam hal pengerjaannya, dan menggunakan tools PHP dan MySql untuk databasenya, aplikasi ini di buat agar konsumen dapat terbantu didalam melakukan transaksi sehingga tidak perlu lagi meluangkan waktu datang ketempat langsung untuk membeli skincare.