bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of the railway freight wagon wash effluents by coagulation methods on accelator reactor
Authors: Żak Sławomir , Rauckyte-Żak Terese 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents results of the research carried out on a system made to pretreat the effluents produced in water treatment of dirty surfaces of railway transportation means (RTMs) mainly G, H, T and incidental F classes of rolling stock according to the International Union of Railways (IURs). The installation was designed for coagulation–flocculation pretreatment of wastewater with flow accelator reactor (AR) in total amount of up to 75.0 m3 day−1. The raw wastewater (RW) was characterized by a significant diversity of loads: TSS (total suspended solids), TDS (total dissolved solids), COD & BOD5 (chemical & biochemical oxygen demand) and periodically it had extremely different colors, Ta (turbidity) and EE (etheric extract). The application of two-stage, coupled acid-alkali or alkaline-acid coagulation using aluminum coagulants with final flocculation and phase separation in the system implemented in practice to treat the wastewater of statistically typical composition, usually allowed to removal, accordingly: EE & TSS > 99% and to eliminate completely color and Ta. However, COD and BOD5 were removal at different levels, depending on both initial concentrations and chemical composition of load pools registered in the RW, and a type of coagulation used. The use of pre-oxidation with aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid coupled with coagulation based only on aluminum coagulants helps to achieve equal levels of removal of the basic indicator values and a sanitary clean stream of pretreated wastewater (PW) with a colony forming unit (CFU) of <100 ml−1.
Bayes Factors for Mixed Models
Authors: van Doorn Johnny , Aust Frederik , Haaf Julia M. , Stefan Angelika M. , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough Bayesian linear mixed effects models are increasingly popular for analysis of within-subject designs in psychology and other fields, there remains considerable ambiguity on the most appropriate Bayes factor hypothesis test to quantify the degree to which the data support the presence or absence of an experimental effect. Specifically, different choices for both the null model and the alternative model are possible, and each choice constitutes a different definition of an effect resulting in a different test outcome. We outline the common approaches and focus on the impact of aggregation, the effect of measurement error, the choice of prior distribution, and the detection of interactions. For concreteness, three example scenarios showcase how seemingly innocuous choices can lead to dramatic differences in statistical evidence. We hope this work will facilitate a more explicit discussion about best practices in Bayes factor hypothesis testing in mixed models.
Partizipation als organisationales und pädagogisches Konzept der Elterninitiativen – oder: „[…] das war eher so ein exklusiv-inklusiver Bereich“
Authors: Riechers Katharina 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag fokussiert Elterninitiativen als besondere Form einer partizipativ durch Eltern und pädagogische Fachkräfte gestalteten Trägerschaft. Er fragt nach dem Zusammenhang ihrer organisationalen Strukturen und ihres pädagogisch-konzeptionellen Partizipationsverständnisses sowie nach Inklusionspotenzialen und Exklusionsrisiken, die sich über ihre spezielle Organisationsform ergeben (können), und verbindet diese mit verschiedenen inklusionstheoretischen Konzepten.
Anti sway tuned control of gantry cranes
Authors: Suvorov Vladimir A. , Bahrami Mohammad Reza , Akchurin Evgeniy E. , Chukalkin Ivan A. , Ermakov Stanislav A. , Kan Sergey A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Load swaying is one of the most frequently occurring problems at production sites. The purpose of this work is to create a control system for the movement of an overhead crane with an anti-sway function. The Particle Swarm Optimization method has been used to find the controller coefficients. The crane movement with the anti-sway function should be implemented using a PLC (programmable logic controller) and have a high speed of operation. The frequency converter controls the speed of the drive that moves the crane. The main advantage of the system is its simplicity and low cost combined with the low swaying of the load. The oscillation amplitude with an angular speed regulator is two to three times less in comparison with the control system without the angular speed regulator. The presence of an angular speed regulator minimizes the impact of the load weight and the rope length. The efficiency of the simulator program for calculating angular speed has been tested and confirmed. Verification of the created mathematical model of the crane with experimental installation has been made.

Article Highlights
An efficient and low-cost anti-sway system for overhead cranes has been developed. The efficiency of the system was tested experimentally, the dependencies of the influence of factors on the sway angle were obtained. The selection of the regulator coefficients is implemented using the particle swarm optimization method coded in C++, which provides high-speed performance and the ability to integrate the algorithm into the PLC of the overhead crane control system.
AutoQual: task-oriented structural vibration sensing quality assessment leveraging co-located mobile sensing context
Authors: Zhang Yue , Hu Zhizhang , Xu Susu , Pan Shijia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce AutoQual, a mobile-based assessment scheme for infrastructure sensing task performance prediction under new deployment environments. With the growth of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), many non-intrusive sensing systems have been explored for various indoor applications, such as structural vibration sensing. This indirect sensing approach’s learning performance is prone to deployment variance when signals propagate through the environment. As a result, current systems heavily rely on expert knowledge and manual assessment to achieve effective deployments and high sensing task performance. In order to mitigate this expert effort, we propose to systematically study factors that reflect deployment environment characteristics and methods to measure them autonomously. We present AutoQual that measures a series of assessment factors (AFs) reflecting how the deployment environment impacts the system performance. AutoQual outputs a task-oriented sensing quality (TSQ) score by integrating measured AFs trained from known deployments as a prediction of untested system’s performance. In addition, AutoQual achieves this assessment without manual effort by leveraging co-located mobile sensing context to extract structural vibration signal for processing automatically. We evaluate AutoQual by using it to predict untested systems’ performance over multiple sensing tasks. We conduct real-world experiments and investigate 48 deployments in 11 environments. AutoQual achieves less than 0.10 average absolute error when auto-assessing multiple tasks at untested deployments, which shows a $$\le 0.018$$

≤
0.018

absolute error difference compared to the manual assessment approach.
Accuracy of self-evaluation in a peer-learning environment: an analysis of a group learning model
Authors: Aminu Nasir , Hamdan Mohammed , Russell Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a global competitive demand for graduates with soft skills, and higher education institutions are tasked to reduce the employee skill gap. Thus, we investigated the students' perceptions of peer assessment in facilitating engagement in soft-skill development through group work activities. Using group work to measure the effectiveness of students' feedback on their assessment, we posit that students perceive self-assessment in group work as a tool that represents fairness. By focusing on learning in a peer-assisted learning environment, the study is a two-period different observation on the effectiveness and validity of peer assessment practice. We applied a group learning model over two academic sessions to investigate if students can self-evaluate accurately in a peer-learning environment. The employed methods included both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The findings of the study differ from previous findings that students cannot self-assess accurately. Empirically, there was no significant difference between the peer marks and tutor marks. The study also found that peer learning improves students' quality of assessment as they reflect on their work better.
Dynamic wage bargaining and labour market fluctuations: the role of productivity shocks
Authors: Guerrazzi Marco , Giribone Pier Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the way in which different bargaining settings affect labour market fluctuations by means of an analytical apparatus that has never been used for this purpose. Specifically, modelling wage negotiations as a problem of stochastic optimal control, we analyze how productivity disturbances shape the dynamics of output, employment, and wages by focusing on the way in which firms’ technology and workers’ preferences interact with the adjustment rules of employment underlying the bargaining process. With a quadratic production function and risk averse workers, we show that wage negotiation outcomes whose employment adjustments go in the direction of the labour demand of the firms match the cyclical behaviour of the involved variables but fail to replicate the observed wage rigidity. By contrast, we show that wage bargaining outcomes whose employment adjustments target the contract curve of two negotiating parties are also able to deliver a strong degree of wage stickiness.
A new approach to detecting and designing living structure of urban environments
Authors: Jiang Bin , Huang Ju-Tzu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSustainable urban design or planning is not a LEGO-like assembly of prefabricated elements, but an embryo-like growth with persistent differentiation and adaptation towards a coherent whole. The coherent whole has a striking character – called living structure – that consists of far more small substructures than large ones. To detect the living structure, this paper develops a new approach for uncovering the underlying living structure of urban environments. The approach takes an urban environment as a whole and recursively decomposes it into meaningful subwholes at different levels of hierarchy (or scale) ranging from the largest to the smallest. This approach helps us not only better understand an urban environment as a living structure, but also better plan or transform the urban environment to be living or more living, or equivalently to be beautiful or more beautiful.
Soil fertilization synergistically enhances the impact of pollination services in increasing seed yield of sunflower under dryland conditions
Authors: Bola Adelabu Dolapo , Bredenhand Emile , van der Merwe Sean , Franke Angelinus Cornelius 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo exploit the potential of ecological intensification during sunflower cropping, it is crucial to understand the potential synergies between crop management and ecosystem services. We therefore examined the effect of pollination intensification on sunflower yield and productivity under various levels of soil fertilization over two seasons in the eastern Free State, South Africa. We manipulated soil fertility with fertilizer applications and pollination with exclusion bags. We found a synergetic effect between pollination and soil fertilization whereby increasing pollination intensity led to a far higher impact on sunflower yield when the soil had been fertilized. Specifically, the intensification of insect pollination increased seed yield by approximately 0.4 ton/ha on nutrient poor soil and by approximately 1.7 ton/ha on moderately fertilized soil. Our findings suggest that sunflower crops on adequate balanced soil fertility will receive abundant insect pollination and may gain more from both synergies than crops grown in areas with degraded soil fertility.
Do host habitat use and cospeciation matter in the evolution ofOswaldocruzia(Nematoda, Molineidae) from neotropical amphibians?
Authors: Willkens Yuri , Furtado Adriano Penha , Santos Jeannie Nascimento dos , Melo Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe genusOswaldocruziaTravassos, 1917 includes approximately 90 species that are parasitic on amphibians and reptiles around the world, of which 43 occur in the neotropical region. However, molecular data supporting the taxonomic status of most species of the genus are scarce, and their phylogenetic relationships remain unknown. Using specimens of four molineid taxa (Oswaldocruzia belenensisSantos, Giese, Maldonado Jr. and Lanfredi, 2008;Oswaldocruzia chabaudiBen Slimane & Durette-Desset, 1996,Oswaldocruzia chambrieriBen Slimane & Durette-Desset, 1996 andKentropyxia hylaeFeitosa, Furtado, Santos and Melo, 2015) from amphibian hosts collected in different regions of Pará, Brazil, we conducted morphological studies, molecular analyses and phylogenies (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) using the cytochrome c oxidase subunity I (Cox1) gene. The newly generated sequences were compared with those of ten publicly availableCox1sequences ofOswaldocruziafrom Mexico. Our findings demonstrated significant differences between the sequences of amazonian specimens and sequences from specimens collected in Mexico, and we suggest that host–parasite cospeciation or habitat use might be related to molineid evolution in amphibian hosts. Additionally, this work presents new hosts and new geographical records for species ofOswaldocruziafrom the neotropics.
Carbon dioxide levels in neonates: what are safe parameters?
Authors: Wong Sie Kei , Chim M. , Allen J. , Butler A. , Tyrrell J. , Hurley T. , McGovern M. , Omer M. , Lagan N. , Meehan J. , Cummins E. P. , Molloy E. J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is no consensus on the optimal pCO2 levels in the newborn. We reviewed the effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia and existing carbon dioxide thresholds in neonates. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and MOOSE guidelines. Two hundred and ninety-nine studies were screened and 37 studies included. Covidence online software was employed to streamline relevant articles. Hypocapnia was associated with predominantly neurological side effects while hypercapnia was linked with neurological, respiratory and gastrointestinal outcomes and Retinpathy of prematurity (ROP). Permissive hypercapnia did not decrease periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), ROP, hydrocephalus or air leaks. As safe pCO2 ranges were not explicitly concluded in the studies chosen, it was indirectly extrapolated with reference to pCO2 levels that were found to increase the risk of neonatal disease. Although PaCO2 ranges were reported from 2.6 to 8.7 kPa (19.5–64.3 mmHg) in both term and preterm infants, there are little data on the safety of these ranges. For permissive hypercapnia, parameters described for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; PaCO2 6.0–7.3 kPa: 45.0–54.8 mmHg) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH; PaCO2 ≤ 8.7 kPa: ≤65.3 mmHg) were identified. Contradictory findings on the effectiveness of permissive hypercapnia highlight the need for further data on appropriate CO2 parameters and correlation with outcomes.

Impact

There is no consensus on the optimal pCO2 levels in the newborn.

There is no consensus on the effectiveness of permissive hypercapnia in neonates.

A safe range of pCO2 of 5–7 kPa was inferred following systematic review.
Cerebral small vessel disease burden and longitudinal cognitive decline from age 73 to 82: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
Authors: Hamilton O. K. L. , Cox S. R. , Okely J. A. , Conte F. , Ballerini L. , Bastin M. E. , Corley J. , Taylor A. M. , Page D. , Gow A. J. , Muñoz Maniega S. , Redmond P. , Valdés-Hernández M. del C. , Wardlaw J. M. , Deary I. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSlowed processing speed is considered a hallmark feature of cognitive decline in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD); however, it is unclear whether SVD’s association with slowed processing might be due to its association with overall declining general cognitive ability. We quantified the total MRI-visible SVD burden of 540 members of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (age: 72.6 ± 0.7 years; 47% female). Using latent growth curve modelling, we tested associations between total SVD burden at mean age 73 and changes in general cognitive ability, processing speed, verbal memory and visuospatial ability, measured at age 73, 76, 79 and 82. Covariates included age, sex, vascular risk and childhood cognitive ability. In the fully adjusted models, greater SVD burden was associated with greater declines in general cognitive ability (standardised β: −0.201; 95% CI: [−0.36, −0.04]; pFDR = 0.022) and processing speed (−0.222; [−0.40, −0.04]; pFDR = 0.022). SVD burden accounted for between 4 and 5% of variance in declines of general cognitive ability and processing speed. After accounting for the covariance between tests of processing speed and general cognitive ability, only SVD’s association with greater decline in general cognitive ability remained significant, prior to FDR correction (−0.222; [−0.39, −0.06];p = 0.008; pFDR = 0.085). Our findings do not support the notion that SVD has a specific association with declining processing speed, independent of decline in general cognitive ability (which captures the variance shared across domains of cognitive ability). The association between SVD burden and declining general cognitive ability supports the notion of SVD as a diffuse, whole-brain disease and suggests that trials monitoring SVD-related cognitive changes should consider domain-specific changes in the context of overall, general cognitive decline.
3-hydroxyanthranic acid increases the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib by decreasing tumor cell stemness
Authors: Gan Guifang , Shi Zhaopeng , Liu Dan , Zhang Shaoyi , Zhu Hui , Wang Yugang , Mi Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSorafenib is the FDA-approved first-line target drug for HCC patients. However, sorafenib only confers 3–5 months of survival benefit with <30% of HCC patients. Thus, it is necessary to develop a sensitizer for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to sorafenib. Here, we report that in representative HCC cell lines (SMMC-7721 and PLC8024) that are insensitive to sorafenib, 3-HAA (50 μM) significantly enhances cell sensitivity to sorafenib to an extent that could not be explained by additive effects. In nude mice carrying HCC xenograft, tumor growth is inhibited by sorafenib (10 mg/kg/day) or 3-HAA (100 mg/kg/day) alone. When used in combination, the treatment effectively prevents the xenograft from growing. In a set of mechanistic experiments, we find enhanced AKT activation and increased proportion of CD44+CD133+ cells in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and tissues. The proportion of CD44+CD133+ cells is reduced upon 3-HAA treatment in both cultured cells and mouse xenografts, suggesting that 3-HAA could decrease the stemness of HCC. We also detect decreased phosphorylation of AKT, a regulator of the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling upon 3-HAA treatment. The AKT activator SC79 activates GSK3 β/β-catenin signaling while the Wnt inhibitor XAV-939 abolishes 3-HAA inhibition of HCC growth in vitro and in mice. The current study demonstrates that 3-HAA sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib by reducing tumor stemness, suggesting it is a promising molecule for HCC therapy.
Joint disease-specificity at the regulatory base-pair level
Authors: Muthuirulan Pushpanathan , Zhao Dewei , Young Mariel , Richard Daniel , Liu Zun , Emami Alireza , Portilla Gabriela , Hosseinzadeh Shayan , Cao Jiaxue , Maridas David , Sedlak Mary , Menghini Danilo , Cheng Liangliang , Li Lu , Ding Xinjia , Ding Yan , Rosen Vicki , Kiapour Ata M. , Capellini Terence D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGiven the pleiotropic nature of coding sequences and that many loci exhibit multiple disease associations, it is within non-coding sequence that disease-specificity likely exists. Here, we focus on joint disorders, finding among replicated loci, thatGDF5exhibits over twenty distinct associations, and we identify causal variants for two of its strongest associations, hip dysplasia and knee osteoarthritis. By mapping regulatory regions in joint chondrocytes, we pinpoint two variants (rs4911178; rs6060369), on the same risk haplotype, which reside in anatomical site-specific enhancers. We show that both variants have clinical relevance, impacting disease by altering morphology. By modeling each variant in humanized mice, we observe joint-specific response, correlating withGDF5expression. Thus, we uncouple separate regulatory variants on a common risk haplotype that cause joint-specific disease. By broadening our perspective, we finally find that patterns of modularity atGDF5are also found at over three-quarters of loci with multiple GWAS disease associations.
An automatic multi-tissue human fetal brain segmentation benchmark using the Fetal Tissue Annotation Dataset
Authors: Payette Kelly , de Dumast Priscille , Kebiri Hamza , Ezhov Ivan , Paetzold Johannes C. , Shit Suprosanna , Iqbal Asim , Khan Romesa , Kottke Raimund , Grehten Patrice , Ji Hui , Lanczi Levente , Nagy Marianna , Beresova Monika , Nguyen Thi Dao , Natalucci Giancarlo , Karayannis Theofanis , Menze Bjoern , Bach Cuadra Meritxell , Jakab Andras 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is critical to quantitatively analyse the developing human fetal brain in order to fully understand neurodevelopment in both normal fetuses and those with congenital disorders. To facilitate this analysis, automatic multi-tissue fetal brain segmentation algorithms are needed, which in turn requires open datasets of segmented fetal brains. Here we introduce a publicly available dataset of 50 manually segmented pathological and non-pathological fetal magnetic resonance brain volume reconstructions across a range of gestational ages (20 to 33 weeks) into 7 different tissue categories (external cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter, ventricles, cerebellum, deep grey matter, brainstem/spinal cord). In addition, we quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of several automatic multi-tissue segmentation algorithms of the developing human fetal brain. Four research groups participated, submitting a total of 10 algorithms, demonstrating the benefits the dataset for the development of automatic algorithms.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
Authors: Kania-Kłosok Iwona , Nel André , Szwedo Jacek , Jordan-Stasiło Wiktoria , Krzemiński Wiesław 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGhost lineages have always challenged the understanding of organism evolution. They participate in misinterpretations in phylogenetic, clade dating, biogeographic, and paleoecologic studies. They directly result from fossilization biases and organism biology. The Cylindrotomidae are a perfect example of an unexplained ghost lineage during the Mesozoic, as its sister family Tipulidae is already well diversified during the Cretaceous, while the oldest Cylindrotomidae are Paleogene representatives of the extant genus Cylindrotoma and of the enigmatic fossil genus Cyttaromyia. Here we clarify the phylogenetic position of Cyttaromyia in the stem group of the whole family, suggesting that the crown group of the Cylindrotomidae began to diversify during the Cenozoic, unlike their sister group Tipulidae. We make a comparative analysis of all species in Cyttaromyia, together with the descriptions of the two new species, C. gelhausi sp. nov. and C. freiwaldi sp. nov., and the revision of C. obdurescens. The cylindrotomid biogeography seems to be incongruent with the phylogenetic analysis, the apparently most derived subfamily Stibadocerinae having apparently a ‘Gondwanan’ distribution, with some genera only known from Australia or Chile, while the most inclusive Cylindrotominae are Holarctic.