bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks with lanadelumab: The HELP OLE Study
Authors: Banerji Aleena , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Johnston Douglas T. , Lumry William R. , Magerl Markus , Maurer Marcus , Martinez‐Saguer Inmaculada , Zanichelli Andrea , Hao James , Inhaber Neil , Yu Ming , Riedl Marc A. ,   for the HELP OLE Investigators
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to evaluate long‐term effectiveness and safety of lanadelumab in patients ≥12 y old with hereditary angioedema (HAE) 1/2 (NCT02741596).MethodsRollover patients completing the HELP Study and continuing into HELP OLE received one lanadelumab 300 mg dose until first attack (dose‐and‐wait period), then 300 mg q2wks (regular dosing stage). Nonrollovers (newly enrolled) received lanadelumab 300 mg q2wks from day 0. Baseline attack rate for rollovers: ≥1 attack/4 weeks (based on run‐in period attack rate during HELP Study); for nonrollovers: historical attack rate ≥1 attack/12 weeks. The planned treatment period was 33 months.Results212 patients participated (109 rollovers, 103 nonrollovers); 81.6% completed ≥30 months on study (mean [SD], 29.6 [8.2] months). Lanadelumab markedly reduced mean HAE attack rate (reduction vs baseline: 87.4% overall). Patients were attack free for a mean of 97.7% of days during treatment; 81.8% and 68.9% of patients were attack free for ≥6 and ≥12 months, respectively. Angioedema Quality‐of‐Life total and domain scores improved from day 0 to end of study. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (excluding HAE attacks) were reported by 97.2% of patients; most commonly injection site pain (47.2%) and viral upper respiratory tract infection (42.0%). Treatment‐related TEAEs were reported by 54.7% of patients. Most injection site reactions resolved within 1 hour (70.2%) or 1 day (92.6%). Six (2.8%) patients discontinued due to TEAEs. No treatment‐related serious TEAEs or deaths were reported. Eleven treatment‐related TEAEs of special interest were reported by seven (3.3%) patients.ConclusionLanadelumab demonstrated sustained efficacy and acceptable tolerability with long‐term use in HAE patients.
Intrasurgical parameters associated with successful sperm retrieval in patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia undergoing salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction
Authors: Caroppo Ettore , Castiglioni Fabrizio , Campagna Cristina , Colpi Elisabetta M. , Piatti Elisabetta , Gazzano Giacomo , Colpi Giovanni M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with non‐obstructive azoospermia with a previously failed conventional testicular sperm extraction may undergo a salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction with the probability of successful sperm retrieval being almost dependent upon the number of previous surgical attempts and to different histopathologic categories.ObjectivesTo determine whether the seminiferous tubules pattern and the histological categories could affect the sperm retrieval rate in patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia undergoing salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction after failed conventional testicular sperm extraction.Materials and methodsSeventy‐nine patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction were evaluated. During microdissection testicular sperm extraction, if present, dilated tubules were retrieved, otherwise, tubules with slightly larger caliber than that of the surroundings were removed. When no dilated tubule or tubule with slightly larger caliber was found, not dilated tubules were excised. A prediction model was built with seminiferous tubules pattern and testis histology as covariates.ResultsSperm retrieval was successful in 30 out of 79 patients. The prediction model correctly classified 88.3% of cases, explained the 29.7% variability of the outcome, and significantly predicted the microdissection testicular sperm extraction outcome with a sensitivity of 67.7% and a specificity of 90.2%, Both tubules with slightly larger caliber and not dilated tubules were negatively associated with the chance of retrieving spermatozoa. Among the histological categories, only early maturation arrest was significant to the model (log(SSR) = 0.57 – 1.9SDT – 3.3NDT – 1.76EMA) (where SSR is sperm retrieval rate, SDT is tubule with slightly larger caliber, NDT is not dilated tubule, and EMA is early maturation arrest). The model had a clearly useful discrimination (area under the curve = 0.814), the estimated performance was 0.8105, and internal calibration was acceptable (p > 0.05).DiscussionSeminiferous tubules pattern and testis histology may reliably explain the salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction outcome in all patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia apart from those with early maturation arrest, where the homogeneous apparent seminiferous tubules pattern may be misleading.ConclusionThe outcome of salvage microdissection testicular sperm extraction can be predicted by the same intrasurgical parameters that have been demonstrated to predict the outcome of microdissection testicular sperm extraction in naïve patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia.
Ceuta: The Humanitarian and the Fortress EUrope
Authors: Aris Escarcena Juan Pablo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCeuta, a Spanish city and former colonial enclave in North Africa, is a key place in the construction of the European Union’s external borders. Over the last 30 years, border governance dynamics have developed in this city, marked by the imbrication of security dynamics and humanitarianism. This paper analyses, from a historical and ethnographic point of view, the development of practices, forms of knowledge and institutions shaped by the joint action of securitarian and humanitarian actors. Particular attention is paid to the development of humanitarian reception institutions, especially the CETI (Centro de Estancia Temporal de Inmigrantes—Centre for the Temporary Stay of Immigrants), and humanitarian practices that reinforce the border government’s capacity for control and filtering.
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in offspring of immigrant women in Sweden: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Törn Anna E. , Lampa Erik , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Jonsson Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionOne in four women giving birth in Sweden is foreign‐born. Immigrant status has been suggested as a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. It is not known if infants to foreign‐born women have an increased risk of severe birth asphyxia, or which factors might mediate such association.Material and methodsA population‐based cohort study of 726 730 live births at 36 weeks of gestation or more in Sweden in 2009–2015. The exposure was maternal country of birth, grouped according to the World Bank country classification: low‐, lower‐middle, upper‐middle, and high‐income economies. The main outcome was neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The outcome was estimated by severity and classified as non‐hypothermia‐treated HIE, representing mainly mild cases, and hypothermia‐treated HIE, representing moderate to severe cases. A secondary outcome was low Apgar score at 5 minutes, defined as <7 or <4. Odds ratios with 95% CI were calculated, using Swedish‐born women as the reference. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate potential mediation of known antepartum risk factors.ResultsA total of 854 infants were diagnosed with HIE and 398 received therapeutic hypothermia. Offspring of mothers born in low‐income countries had the highest incidences of HIE and low Apgar score, with an incidence of therapeutic hypothermia of 1.1 per 1000. Compared with offspring of Swedish‐born mothers, these neonates had an almost two‐fold increased risk of HIE, with or without hypothermia treatment (odds ratio 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.7 and odds ratio 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.6, respectively), and a 2‐ to 3‐fold increased risk of low Apgar score. The structural equation model analysis indicated an exclusive direct effect of country of birth on HIE. Factors reflecting socio‐economic status mediated a small proportion of the risk of Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes.ConclusionsOffspring of women born in low‐income countries had associations with severe birth asphyxia, with increased risk of both HIE and low Apgar score at 5 minutes. The associations seemed only to be marginally mediated by other antepartum factors. The associations are complex and further studies are needed to find explanatory and potentially preventable factors.
Effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on serum immunity indexes, colonic immune factors, fecal odor, and fecal flora in mice
Authors: Zhang Lingyan , Zhang Xing Tao , Jin Pingting , Zhao Hongbo , Liu Xue , Sheng Qingkai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on growth, immunity indexes, fecal flora, and fecal odor in mice, 40 mice were randomly allotted to four groups, and each was administrated with nothing, S. platensis, probiotics, or both for 28 days, respectively. Then, many indexes were measured. The results showed that S. platensis was more effective (P < 0.001) than probiotics in improving mice's feed conversion ration (FCR). In immunity, probiotics administration increased (P < 0.042) serum IgE, IgM, IFN‐γ, colonic AHR, TLR4, and NF‐κB protein expression and decreased (P < 0.039) serum IL‐1α, IL‐21, IL‐22, and colonic ARNT gene expression. However, the S. platensis showed weaker effect, which increased (P < 0.025) the serum IgE, IgM, TNF‐α, and the colonic AHR and NF‐κB protein expression, and decreased (P < 0.01) serum IL‐21. Probiotics consumption decreased the fecal odor by decreasing (P < 0.02) fecal Escherichia coli, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and skatole contents, and the S. platensis decreased (P = 0.04) the IAA. These results indicated that oral administration of probiotics, S. platensis, or both of them in mice probably benefited body's immunity and reduced fecal odor. However, their mechanisms were still unclear and need further study.
Emerging therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐infective agents in Australian hospitals: Availability, performance and barriers to implementation
Authors: Sandaradura Indy , Alffenaar Jan‐Willem , Cotta Menino O. , Daveson Kathryn , Day Richard O. , Van Hal Sebastiaan , Lau Cindy , Marriott Deborah J. E. , Penm Jonathan , Roberts Jason A. , Tabah Alexis , Williams Paul , Imani Sahand 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe purpose of the study was to assess the status of emerging therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of anti‐infective agents in Australian hospitals.MethodsA nationwide cross‐sectional survey of all Australian hospitals operating in the public and private health sector was conducted between August and September 2019. The survey consisted of questions regarding institutional TDM practice for anti‐infective agents and clinical vignettes specific to β‐lactam antibiotics.ResultsResponses were received from 82 unique institutions, representing all Australian states and territories. All 29 (100%) of principal referral (major) hospitals in Australia participated. Five surveys were partially complete. Only 25% (20/80) of hospitals had TDM testing available on‐site for any of the eight emerging TDM candidates considered: β‐lactam antibiotics, anti‐tuberculous agents, flucytosine, fluoroquinolones, ganciclovir, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs, linezolid and teicoplanin. A considerable time lag was noted between TDM sampling and reporting of results. With respect to β‐lactam antibiotic TDM, variable indications, pharmacodynamic targets and sampling times were identified. The three greatest barriers to local TDM performance were found to be (1) lack of timely assays/results, (2) lack of institutional‐wide expertise and/or training and (3) lack of guidelines to inform ordering of TDM and interpretation of results. The majority of respondents favoured establishing national TDM guidelines and increasing access to dose prediction software, at rates of 89% and 96%, respectively.ConclusionTranslating emerging TDM evidence into daily clinical practice is slow. Concerted efforts are required to address the barriers identified and facilitate the implementation of standardised practice.
An integrated theoretical framework to explain interpersonal moralistic conflict
Authors: Michalski Joseph H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper offers an integrated theoretical framework to explain interpersonal, moralistic conflict that combines the logic of the “pure sociology” approach with a social psychological framework that highlights the importance of the human capacity for language, evaluation, and justification. While violations of normative expectations are the root causes of moralistic conflict, the paper argues that one can only determine the emergence of such conflict by assessing the nature of the behavior in question in relation to the social locations of the participants in combination with the justifications invoked. The central question that the theory addresses can be distilled as follows: What explains the emergence of interpersonal, moralistic conflict? The paper specifies three core assumptions, followed by a delineation of a series of propositions designed to explicate the conditions under which moralistic conflicts emerge. The theory identifies the combination of the social geometry of interpersonal encounters along with the mechanisms that typically are used to justify the grievances that individuals express toward one another.
Board change and firm risk: Do new directors mean unstable corporate policies?
Authors: Feng Huiqun , Xiao Jason Zezhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch Question/IssueGiven the contentious debate over whether the appointment of new directors reduces firm risk, this study explores the effect of board changes on firm risk.Research Findings/InsightsAppointing new directors leads to firm risk. A regression kink design shows that boards with more than 30% of new directors experience a significant increase in firm risk for approximately two years. Moreover, the effect of new directors on firm risk is more pronounced for firms with weaker corporate governance mechanisms but is attenuated if the demographic gaps between the new and existing directors are relatively larger. Additionally, the effect is moderated when new directors have interlocking and academic experience. Further analysis reveals that the appointment of new directors is associated with less consistent corporate policies.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe extend the theory of dynamic board governance, providing a qualitative and quantitative description of the effect of board change via a regression kink design, which shows that board change is an important variable that upsets the balance of board governance, leads to higher volatility of corporate policies, and increases the risk of corporate operations.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe findings suggest that corporate management should carefully assess the risk of board change. A large proportion of new director involvement can create challenges in communication, understanding, and cooperation, leading to inconsistent corporate strategies and policies, thus increasing operating volatility. Moreover, this study offers insights to policymakers rethinking board spills in their countries.
Reforming the World Trade Organization: Practitioner Perspectives from China, the EU, and the US
Authors: Hoekman Bernard , Wolfe Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChina, the European Union, and the United States are the world's largest traders. They have a big stake in a multilateral system of rules to manage the inevitable frictions among interdependent economies organized on different principles. This paper discusses elements of the WTO reform agenda through the lens of positions taken by these three WTO members, identifying the extent of alignment on key subjects, including transparency, dispute settlement, and plurilateral negotiations. We draw on findings of a recent research project on WTO reform and use responses to an expert survey to assess the prospects for actions that all three trade powers might support. Our premise is that reforming WTO is a necessary condition for the organization to be a more salient forum for the three large economies to address trade tensions, and that agreement among these three trade powers, in turn, is necessary to resolve the problems of the WTO.
Metastatischer Morbus Crohn: eine unterschätzte Entität
Authors: Ickrath Franziska , Stoevesandt Johanna , Schulmeyer Lena , Glatzel Caroline , Goebeler Matthias , Kerstan Andreas 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer kutane metastatische Morbus Crohn (MMC) ist eine seltene, aber herausfordernde dermatologische Manifestation des Morbus Crohn (MC). Die Hautläsionen, die nicht in Kontinuität zum Gastrointestinaltrakt stehen, sind histologisch durch nicht verkäsende Granulome charakterisiert. Der MMC ist abzugrenzen von den weitaus häufigeren kutanen Manifestationen des MC, die perianal oder seltener peristomal mit direkter Ausdehnung vom Darm auf die angrenzende Haut auftreten. Die vielgestaltige klinische Morphologie zusammen mit dem Umstand, dass das Auftreten vor der Erstdiagnose eines MC liegen kann, birgt die Gefahr von Fehldiagnosen, verzögerter Behandlung und einer unterschätzten Prävalenz wegen mangelnder Erfassung. Aufgrund der geringen Fallzahlen und fehlender randomisierter kontrollierter Studien bleibt die Erkrankung eine therapeutische Herausforderung. Wir führten daher eine systematische Literaturrecherche durch und identifizierten 264 publizierte pädiatrische sowie erwachsene Fälle von MMC und berichten zusätzlich über drei eigene Fälle. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst klinische Merkmale, Konzepte zur vermuteten Ätiopathologie, histologische Befunde, Differenzialdiagnosen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für den MMC zusammen.
Okuläre Syphilis – eine Fallserie von vier Patienten
Authors: Jahnke Stephanie , Lange Cord Sunderkötter Danica , Wienrich Ricarda , Kreft Burkhard 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungOkuläre Manifestationen einer Syphilis mit Visus‐beeinträchtigenden Beschwerdebildern können sich bereits im Sekundärstadium der Erkrankung ereignen. Sie können auch die einzige Manifestation einer Syphilis sein und andere Erkrankungen des Auges imitieren. Daher sollte bei allen Patienten mit Uveitis, Optikusneuritis, Optikusatrophie, akut aufgetretener Augenmuskelparese beziehungsweise bei ungeklärtem Visusverlust eine Syphilisinfektion ausgeschlossen werden. Dies gilt auch, wenn die anamnestischen Angaben zunächst keine Verdachtsmomente liefern.Die okuläre Manifestation der Erkrankung sollte wie eine Neurosyphilis behandelt werden. Eine verzögerte Diagnosestellung und inadäquate Therapie gehen vielfach mit irreversiblen Folgen für den betroffenen Patienten einher. Grundsätzlich ist bei Auftreten einer Syphilis immer das Vorliegen einer assoziierten HIV‐Infektion zu überprüfen.
Epidemiologie der Urtikaria bei Kindern in Deutschland
Authors: Staubach Petra , Mann Caroline , Peveling‐Oberhag Adriane , Lang Berenice M. , Augustin Matthias , Hagenström Kristina , Garbe Claudia , Petersen Jana 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund: Bisher fehlen robuste epidemiologische Kennzahlen sowie Daten zur Komorbidität bei Kindern mit Urtikaria. Sie bilden die Grundlage zur Gestaltung einer effizienten Gesundheitsversorgung.Methodik: Retrospektive Studie zur Analyse von epidemiologischen Kennzahlen bei Kindern mit Urtikaria. Grundlage der Analyse sind Routinedaten einer deutschlandweit tätigen Krankenkasse (DAK‐Gesundheit). Versicherte unter 18 Jahren, die in den Jahren 2010–2015 mindestens eine ambulant oder stationär gestellte Urtikaria‐Diagnose gemäß der ICD‐10‐Klassifikation erhielten, wurden in die Analysen aufgenommen und mit Kindern ohne entsprechende Diagnose verglichen.Ergebnisse: Von 2,3 Millionen Versicherten waren 313 581 (13,5 %) unter 18 Jahre (153 214 weiblich). Bei 1,7 % der 313 581 Patienten wurde Urtikaria diagnostiziert. Die administrative Prävalenz der Urtikaria nahm mit zunehmendem Alter von 3,0 % in der Altersgruppe der 0–3‐Jährigen auf 1,0 % bei den 14–18‐Jährigen ab. Jungen und Mädchen waren in allen Altersgruppen fast gleich häufig betroffen. Atopische Erkrankungen als Komorbidität traten bei Kindern mit Urtikaria häufiger auf als in der Kontrollgruppe (16,0 % vs. 8,0 %). Auch Autoimmunerkrankungen, psychische Probleme und Adipositas traten bei Kindern mit Urtikaria häufiger auf als in der Kontrollgruppe.Schlussfolgerungen: Die erhöhte administrative Prävalenz spezifischer Komorbidität bei Kindern mit Urtikaria deutet auf einen erhöhten Screening‐Bedarf hin. Es gilt, multimodale Behandlungsstrategien zu entwickeln und interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zu fördern.
Advancing Education's Autonomy through Looking Educationally at Philosophy
Authors: Yosef‐Hassidim Doron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article offers a general framework for considering education's autonomy and its implications for the relationship between education and philosophy. In it, Doron Yosef‐Hassidim examines an initiative in Israel that calls for an autonomous secular public education and uses it as a context to clarify what education's autonomy means and to identify its major characteristics. To enhance the idea of education's autonomy, he further argues that education should not be subordinate to philosophy and that the question about being human must be kept open and educational. In particular, education's autonomy requires resisting the temptation of applying a philosophical framework about being human to education, even if the particular philosopher of education agrees with the philosophical framework. Finally, Yosef‐Hassidim proposes a strategy for treating the question about being human as one that involves both the work of philosophers of education and practitioners in the classroom.
Formative Autonomy: Lessons from Elio Petri
Authors: Baldacchino John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractJohn Baldacchino's discussion of the concept of autonomy in this article runs on the dual track of the arts and education. His aim is to engage with the notion of autonomy in terms of what human beings invent (through art) and know (through education) by what they share as free and intelligent beings who live convivially. Following Luigi Pareyson's argument that by form one means a living organism endowed by its own legality (and thereby its own autonomy), Baldacchino offers an analysis of Elio Petri's film La classe operaia va in Paradiso (The Working Class Goes to Heaven) as context for this discussion, which adds a third dimension to the notion of autonomy: that of the political. Here, autonomy is presented as a triangulation of sorts, where what we mean by the autonomous stands for our artistic, educational, and political dispositions (and abilities) to mediate and represent a number of immediate questions with yet‐to‐be‐found answers.