bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of let‐7b exerts beneficial effects on the functions of human placental trophoblasts by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Gao Yanyan , Zhang Xuefeng , Meng Tao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present work aimed to explore let‐7b's molecular mechanisms that regulate the functions of placental trophoblasts and to examine placental let‐7b expression in human pre‐eclampsia (PE). Human trophoblast HTR‐8/SVneo cells underwent transduction with control and let‐7b overexpressing lentiviruses, respectively. Cell proliferation assessment utilized cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and ERK1/2 signaling‐associated proteins were assessed by immunoblot. Placental tissue samples were collected from women with normal pregnancy (n = 20) and PE patients (n = 14). Let‐7b overexpression in HTR‐8/SVneo cells remarkably induced cell proliferation and invasion, suppressed apoptosis and autophagy, and resulted in decreased tumor necrosis factorα (TNF‐α) expression and increased interleukin 6 (IL‐6) expression in trophoblasts. Notably, the beneficial effects of let‐7b overexpression, including cell invasion and EMT, were largely reversed by treatment with U0126, an indirect ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor, in these cells. TGF‐β receptor type‐1 (TGFBR1) overexpression weakened let‐7b's functions in ERK pathway activation and invasion in trophoblasts. Placental tissue specimens from PE cases demonstrated significantly lower let‐7b expression compared with normal controls. Overexpression of let‐7b exerts beneficial effects on the functions of human placental trophoblasts via ERK1/2 signaling, and placental let‐7b is downregulated in human PE. These findings suggest let‐7b is a promising biomarker for the prospective diagnosis and targeted therapy of PE.
Gadolinium‐free assessment of synovitis using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Sandford Halston J. C. , MacKay James W. , Watkins Lauren E. , Gold Garry E. , Kogan Feliks , Mazzoli Valentina 
Published: September 2021

The dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI parameter Ktrans can quantify the intensity of synovial inflammation (synovitis) in knees with osteoarthritis (OA), but requires the use of gadolinium‐based contrast agent (GBCA). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures the diffusion of water molecules with parameters mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), and has been proposed as a method to detect synovial inflammation without the use of GBCA. The purpose of this study is to (1) determine the ability of DTI to quantify the intensity of synovitis in OA by comparing MD and FA with our imaging gold standard Ktrans within the synovium and (2) compare DTI and DCE‐MRI measures with the semi‐quantitative grading of OA severity with the Kellgren‐Lawrence (KL) and MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS) systems, in order to assess the relationship between synovitis intensity and OA severity.Within the synovium, MD showed a significant positive correlation with Ktrans (r = 0.79, p < 0.001), while FA showed a significant negative correlation with Ktrans (r = −0.72, p = 0.0026). These results show that DTI is able to quantify the intensity of synovitis within the whole synovium without the use of exogenous contrast agent. Additionally, MD, FA, and Ktrans values did not vary significantly when knees were separated by KL grade (p = 0.15, p = 0.32, p = 0.41, respectively), while MD (r = 0.60, p = 0.018) and Ktrans (r = 0.62, p = 0.013) had a significant positive correlation and FA (r = −0.53, p = 0.043) had a negative correlation with MOAKS. These comparisons indicate that quantitative measures of the intensity of synovitis may provide information in addition to morphological assessment to evaluate OA severity. Using DTI to quantify the intensity of synovitis without GBCA may be helpful to facilitate a broader clinical assessment of the severity of OA.
High‐fat and high‐sodium diet induces metabolic dysfunction in the absence of obesity
Authors: Frieler Ryan A. , Vigil Thomas M. , Song Jianrui , Leung Christy , Lumeng Carey N. , Mortensen Richard M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveExcess dietary fat and sodium (NaCl) are both associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. In mice, high NaCl has been shown to block high‐fat (HF) diet–induced weight gain. Here, the impact of an HF/NaCl diet on metabolic function in the absence of obesity was investigated.MethodsWild‐type mice were administered chow, NaCl (4%), HF, and HF/NaCl diets. Metabolic analysis was performed by measuring fasted blood glucose and insulin levels and by glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test.ResultsAfter 10 weeks on diets, male and female mice on the HF diet gained weight, and HF/NaCl mice had significantly reduced weight gain similar to chow‐fed mice. In the absence of obesity, HF/NaCl mice had significantly elevated fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose control during glucose tolerance tests. Both NaCl and HF/NaCl mice had decreased pancreas and β‐cell mass. Administration of NaCl in drinking water did not protect mice from HF‐diet‐induced weight gain and obesity. Further analysis revealed that longer administration of HF/NaCl diets for 20 weeks resulted in significant weight gain and insulin resistance.ConclusionsThe data demonstrate that despite early inhibitory effects on fat deposition and weight gain, an HF/NaCl diet does not prevent the metabolic consequences of HF diet consumption.
Patterns of weight change in a weight gain prevention study for young adults
Authors: Hayes Jacqueline F. , Tate Deborah F. , Espeland Mark A. , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Gorin Amy A. , Lewis Cora E. , Jelalian Elissa , Bahnson Judy , Wing Rena R. ,   for the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) Research Group
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveRecovery from weight regain is uncommon during weight loss treatment. This study examined whether participants in a weight gain prevention intervention similarly struggle to recover following weight gains and which factors predict transitions.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data from the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP), a randomized controlled trial comparing two weight gain prevention interventions with a control group. Young adults (n = 599; age 18‐35 years) were followed over 3 years. Markov models identified transition rates in going above and returning below baseline weight across follow‐up. Logistic regressions identified predictors of transitions.ResultsAt each time point, approximately double the number of participants who transitioned from below to above baseline transitioned from above to below. The magnitude of weight changes from baseline and the number of weight loss strategies used predicted transitions from below to above and above to below baseline weight (with opposite relationships). Infrequent self‐weighing and lower dietary restraint predicted transitions below to above baseline weight. Treatment arm, demographics, calorie consumption, and physical activity generally did not predict transitions.ConclusionsYoung adults engaging in weight gain prevention struggle to lose gained weight. Alternative strategies are needed to address weight gains in weight gain prevention interventions.
Vaping and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: All EVALI is not created equal
Authors: Hoekstra Nadia E. , Dannull Kimberly A. , Weinman Jason P. , Liptzin Deborah R. , Hinds Daniel M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractE‐cigarette, or vaping product, use associated lung injury (EVALI) refers to respiratory illness in patients with recent vaping and no signs of infection or underlying illness. EVALI can cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. A spectrum of diagnoses can fit the description of EVALI since it relies heavily on nonspecific, radiographic findings. We present a rare case of EVALI in which a patient with a history of vaping presented with acute hypoxemia and was diagnosed with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). The mechanism of injury of DAH due to vaping is unknown, and further research into the topic is required.
Early‐onset, fatal interstitial lung disease in STAT3 gain‐of‐function patients
Authors: Gothe Florian , Gehrig Jonathan , Rapp Christina K. , Knoflach Katrin , Reu‐Hofer Simone , Länger Florian , Schramm Dirk , Ley‐Zaporozhan Julia , Ehl Stephan , Schwerk Nicolaus , Faletti Laura , Griese Matthias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGain‐of‐function variants in STAT3 are known to cause severe, multifaceted autoimmunity. Here we report three individuals with de‐novo STAT3 GOF alleles and early‐onset, severe interstitial lung disease manifesting during the first 3 years of life. Imaging and histology revealed different forms of interstitial pneumonia alongside fibrotic and cystic tissue destruction. Definitive diagnosis was established by postmortem whole exome sequencing and functional validation of two new STAT3 variants. Such lung‐predominant forms of STAT3 GOF disease expand the phenotypic spectrum of diseases associated with activating STAT3 variants and add to our understanding of this life‐threatening inborn error of immunity.
SL(5) Supersymmetry
Authors: Cederwall Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider supersymmetry in five dimensions, where the fermionic parameters are a 2‐form under . Supermultiplets are investigated using the pure spinor superfield formalism, and are found to be closely related to infinite‐dimensional extensions of the supersymmetry algebra: the Borcherds superalgebra , the tensor hierarchy algebra and the exceptional superalgebra E(5, 10). A theorem relating and E(5, 10) to all levels is given.
Controls on propagation of the Indian monsoon onset in an idealised model
Authors: Recchia Lucy G. , Griffiths Stephen D. , Parker Douglas J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Indian monsoon is a seasonal large‐scale circulation system with complex dynamical and thermodynamic interactions. The physical processes are not fully understood. In particular, the mechanisms that control the propagation of the monsoon onset across the Indian continent, against the mid‐level wind field, are debated. The Indian monsoon is poorly represented in weather and climate models, with persistent systematic errors making it difficult to forecast the Indian monsoon accurately on subseasonal timescales. A two‐layer model based on moisture conservation with a parameterised flux representing convection is developed and used to investigate the competition between dry advection in the upper levels, the rate of moisture replenishment at low levels, and the rate of convection from the lower to the upper layers. In a fixed Eulerian frame, the system is initialised at an equilibrium representing pre‐onset (May) conditions. Then, changes in the rates of moist inflow and upper‐level advection are introduced, triggering a transition to a new equilibrium, which reflects the full monsoon state (July–September). The two‐layer model reproduces the Indian monsoon onset and its progression to the northwest, against an imposed 5 ms wind in the upper layer. Increasing the parameter representing moist inflow induces a monsoon onset, defined as a threshold of total column moisture, with clear progression from southeast toward northwest India. A lesser wind speed in the upper layer, signifying a weakening midtropospheric dry intrusion, allows more rapid progression of the monsoon onset. A greater upper‐level wind speed, associated with a strengthening dry intrusion, causes the monsoon onset to retreat. We can quantify the nature of the monsoon onset by deriving an onset speed and the time taken for the system to adjust to a new equilibrium, using analytical theory.
An arithmetic correction for the effect of lipid on carbon stable isotope ratios in muscle and digestive glands of the American lobster (Homarus americanus)
Authors: Fischer‐Rush Jonathan , Rochette Rémy , Paton Emily , Dickey Alexandrea , Hayden Brian 
Published: September 2021

RationaleLipid correction models use elemental carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios to estimate the effect of lipids on δ13C values and provide a fast and inexpensive alternative to chemically removing lipids. However, the performance of these models varies, especially in whole‐body invertebrate samples. The generation of tissue‐specific lipid correction models for American lobsters, both an ecologically and an economically important species in eastern North America, will aid ecological research of this species and our understanding of the function of these models in invertebrates.MethodWe determined the δ13C and δ15N values before and after lipid extraction in muscle and digestive glands of juvenile and adult lobster. We assessed the performance of four commonly used models (nonlinear, linear, natural logarithm (LN) and generalized linear model (GLM)) at estimating lipid‐free δ13C values based on the non‐lipid‐extracted δ13C values and elemental C:N ratios. The accuracy of model predictions was tested using paired t‐tests, and the performance of the different models was compared using the Akaike information criterion score.ResultsLipid correction models accurately estimated post‐lipid‐extraction δ13C values in both tissues. The nonlinear model was the least accurate for both tissues. In muscle, the three other models performed well, and in digestive glands, the LN model provided the most accurate estimates throughout the range of C:N values. In both tissues, the GLM estimates were not independent of the post‐lipid‐extraction δ13C values, thus reducing their transferability to other datasets.ConclusionsWhereas previous work found that whole‐body models poorly estimated the effect of lipids in invertebrates, we show that tissue‐specific lipid correction models can generate accurate and precise estimates of lipid‐free δ13C values in lobster. We suggest that the tissue‐specific logarithmic models presented here are the preferred models for accounting for the effect of lipid on lobster isotope ratios.
Intrathoracic myolipoma from parietal pleura with oestrogen and progesterone receptor
Authors: Teh Jyh Shinn , Weng Ching‐Yao , Chang Ying‐Yueh , Yeh Yi‐Chen , Huang Chien‐Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMyolipoma is a rare benign lipomatous soft tissue neoplasm, occurring most frequently in adults in the abdomen, pelvis or retroperitoneum. We presented a case of a 39‐year‐old female with an epipleural lesion at the left paraspinal region identified using computed tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a fat‐containing lesion attached to the pleura over the left paraspinal region. Surgical resection was performed, and histopathological analysis revealed a tumour composed of interlacing bundles of neoplastic smooth muscle cells with low cellularity and rare mitotic figures intermixing with mature adipocytes. The presence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in smooth muscle cells was noted. The mass was reported as myolipoma. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first description of an intrathoracic myolipoma.
Surface and interface characterization of Ru/C/Ru trilayer structure using grazing incidence X‐ray reflectivity and X‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Kiranjot  , Dhawan Rajnish , Modi Mohammed Hussein 
Published: September 2021

In 8‐ to 20‐keV photon energy region, ruthenium and carbon thin films are used in multilayer monochromators. In the present study, this material combination is explored for X‐ray waveguide applications in hard X‐ray region. The structural parameters (thickness of each layer) of Ru/C/Ru waveguide structure are optimized to get maximum intensity enhancement of fundamental mode inside carbon guiding layer. A sample with optimized structural parameters is deposited using ion beam sputtering (IBS) technique and characterized using X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing incidence X‐ray fluorescence (GIXRF) techniques. The analysis suggests that the density of bottom Ru layer and carbon guiding layer is close to bulk density (~97% for Ru and ~95% for carbon), whereas density of top Ru layer is slightly lower (~93% of bulk density). A ~10% of thickness variation in top cladding layer along with marginal change in layer density deteriorate field enhancement in TE0 mode by more than three times. Effect of thickness and density variation on waveguide (Ru [7 nm]/C [18 nm]/Ru [20 nm]) performance is discussed.
An entrainment‐based model for annular wakes, with applications to airborne wind energy
Authors: Kaufman‐Martin Sam , Naclerio Nicholas , May Pedro , Luzzatto‐Fegiz Paolo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeveral novel wind energy systems produce wakes with annular cross‐sections, which are qualitatively different from the wakes with circular cross‐sections commonly generated by conventional horizontal‐axis wind turbines and by compact obstacles. Since wind farms use arrays of hundreds of turbines, good analytical wake models are essential for efficient wind farm planning. Several models already exist for circular wakes; however, none have yet been proposed for annular wakes, making it impossible to estimate their array performance. We use the entrainment hypothesis to develop a reduced‐order model for the shape and flow velocity of an annular wake from a generic annular obstacle. Our model consists of a set of three ordinary differential equations, which we solve numerically. In addition, by assuming that the annular wake does not drift radially, we further reduce the problem to a model comprising only two differential equations, which we solve analytically. Both of our models are in good agreement with previously published large eddy simulation results.
White‐nose Syndrome and Environmental Correlates to Landscape‐Scale Bat Presence
Authors: Barr Elaine L. , Silvis Alexander , Armstrong Mike P. , Ford W. Mark 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTOver the past 13 years, White‐nose Syndrome (WNS) has caused North American bat population declines and shifted community structure towards species less or unaffected by the disease. Mist‐netting, acoustic surveys, and cave count data have been used to document changes in bat presence and activity through site‐specific, pre‐ and post‐WNS studies. Management and survey guidance often must be applied at a combined landscape and site‐specific scale. Our objective was to explore the relationships among WNS impact, influence of available hibernacula, and environmental factors for the nightly presence of 3 WNS‐affected bats: the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), northern long‐eared bat (M. septentrionalis), and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). We used recordings from 10 acoustic monitoring study areas, each with 3 survey locations across the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio and Kentucky to assess changes in nightly bat presence during the summer of 2017. There were significant positive and negative correlates of broad land‐cover categories for presence of all 3 bat species. Our findings also corroborated trends in abundance and distribution patterns found in prior, smaller‐scale studies, supporting the relevance of land cover categories in a large‐scale acoustic monitoring framework. We observed a negative association between WNS impact‐years and nightly northern long‐eared bat presence, but low occurrence and patchy distribution reduced our ability to infer strong relationships. Big brown bat presence showed a significant positive relationship with WNS occurrence on the landscape, providing evidence that big brown bats are maintaining populations after years of exposure. Indiana bats were the least‐documented species, limiting the strength of our conclusions, but we did observe significant temporal patterns in nightly presence, with higher probabilities of presence earlier in the summer. Our results show the potential efficacy of using a WNS impact metric to predict summer bat presence, inform current U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service acoustic monitoring guidelines, and highlight which environmental variables are relevant for large‐scale acoustic monitoring. © 2021 The Wildlife Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
An analysis of Bayesian estimates for missing higher orders in perturbative calculations
Authors: Duhr Claude , Huss Alexander , Mazeliauskas Aleksas , Szafron Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With current high precision collider data, the reliable estimation of theoretical uncertainties due to missing higher orders (MHOs) in perturbation theory has become a pressing issue for collider phenomenology. Traditionally, the size of the MHOs is estimated through scale variation, a simple but ad hoc method without probabilistic interpretation. Bayesian approaches provide a compelling alternative to estimate the size of the MHOs, but it is not clear how to interpret the perturbative scales, like the factorisation and renormalisation scales, in a Bayesian framework. Recently, it was proposed that the scales can be incorporated as hidden parameters into a Bayesian model. In this paper, we thoroughly scrutinise Bayesian approaches to MHO estimation and systematically study the performance of different models on an extensive set of high-order calculations. We extend the framework in two significant ways. First, we define a new model that allows for asymmetric probability distributions. Second, we introduce a prescription to incorporate information on perturbative scales without interpreting them as hidden model parameters. We clarify how the two scale prescriptions bias the result towards specific scale choice, and we discuss and compare different Bayesian MHO estimates among themselves and to the traditional scale variation approach. Finally, we provide a practical prescription of how existing perturbative results at the standard scale variation points can be converted to 68%/95% credibility intervals in the Bayesian approach using the new public code MiHO.
Smooth bubbling geometries without supersymmetry
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Heidmann Pierre 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We construct the first smooth bubbling geometries using the Weyl formalism. The solutions are obtained from Einstein theory coupled to a two-form gauge field in six dimensions with two compact directions. We classify the charged Weyl solutions in this framework. Smooth solutions consist of a chain of Kaluza-Klein bubbles that can be neutral or wrapped by electromagnetic fluxes, and are free of curvature and conical singularities. We discuss how such topological structures are prevented from gravitational collapse without struts. When embedded in type IIB, the class of solutions describes D1-D5-KKm solutions in the non-BPS regime, and the smooth bubbling solutions have the same conserved charges as a static four-dimensional non-extremal Cvetic-Youm black hole.
A simple description of holographic domain walls in confining theories — extended hydrodynamics
Authors: Janik Romuald A. , Järvinen Matti , Sonnenschein Jacob 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the context of theories with a first order phase transition, we propose a general covariant description of coexisting phases separated by domain walls using an additional order parameter-like degree of freedom. In the case of a holographic Witten model with a confining and deconfined phase, the resulting model extends hydrodynamics and has a simple formulation in terms of a spacetime action with corresponding expressions for the energy-momentum tensor. The proposed description leads to simple analytic profiles of domain walls, including expressions for surface tension density, which agree nicely with holographic numerical solutions, despite the apparent complexity of those gravitational backgrounds.