bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic AI Modeling and Pseudo Time Series Profiling of AD and PD Based on Individualized Serum Proteome Data
Authors: Zhang Jianhu , zhang Xiuli , Sh Yuan , Liu Benliang , Hu Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD), Alzhaimer's disease (AD) are common neurodegenerative disease, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be happened in the early stage of AD or PD. Blood biomarkers are considered to be less invasive, less cost and more convenient, and there is tremendous potentia for the diagnosis and prediction of neurodegenerative diseases. As a recently mentioned field, artificial intelligence (AI) is often applyed in biology and shows excellent results.MethodHuman blood protein microarray profiles including 156 CT, 50 MCI, 132 PD, 50 AD samples are collected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). First, we used bioinformatics methods and feature engineering in machine learning to screen important features, constructed ANNclassifier models based on these features to distinguish samples, and evaluated the model's performance with classification accuracy and Area Under Curve (AUC). Secenod, we used Ingenuity Pathway Anaylsis (IPA) methods to analyse the pathways and functions in early stage and late stage samples of different diseases, and potential targets for drug intervention by predicting upstream regulators.ResultOverall, we incorporated six indicators, including EPHA2, MRPL19, SGK2, to build a diagnostic model for AD with a test set accuracy of up to 98.07%. Incorporating 15 indicators such as ERO1LB, FAM73B, IL1RN to build a diagnostic model for PD, with a test set accuracy of 97.05%. Thirty indicators such as XG, FGFR3 and CDC37 were incorporated to establish a four-category diagnostic model for both AD and PD, with a test set accuracy of 98.71%. In addition,we found that early PD may occur earlier than early MCI. Finally, there are 24 proteins that may serve as potential therapeutic targetsConclusionUsing deep learning methods to build classifiers based on blood protein profile can achieve better classification performance, and it helps us to diagnose the disease early. In total, it is important for us to study neurodegenerative diseases from both diagnostic and interventional aspects.
Hyperexcitability in Older Adults with Elevated Beta-Amyloid
Authors: Devos Hannes , Gustafson Kathleen , Liao Ke , Ahmadnezhad Pedram , Estes Bradley , Mahnken Jonathan D , Brooks William M , Burns Jeffrey M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Growing evidence links beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neuronal hyperexcitability in preclinical mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to compare neuronal excitability between cognitively normal amyloid positive (CNAβ+) and those without elevated amyloid (CNAβ-) older adults. We hypothesized CNAβ+ participants would show hyperexcitability, indexed by greater peak P3 event-related potential peak amplitude, shorter peak latency, and changes in event-related power, compared to CNAβ-.Methods: CNAβ+ participants (n = 17, age: 73 ± 5, 11 women, MOCA scores 26 ± 2) and 17 CNAβ- participants group-matched for age, sex, and MOCA completed the a working memory task (n-back with n = 0, 1, 2) test while wearing a 256-channel EEG net. P3 peak amplitude and latency of the nontarget, target and task difference (nontarget – target), and event-related power, extracted from Fz (main outcome), Cz, and Pz were compared between groups using linear mixed models. Mean Aβ standard uptake value ratios (SUVR) were correlated with P3 amplitude and latency using Pearson r.Results: P3 peak amplitude of the task difference (p = 0.048) and P3 peak latency of non-targets trials (p = 0.006) at Fz differed between groups. Similarly, power was lower in the delta band (p = 0.04) for nontargets at Fz in CNAβ+ participants. CNAβ+ participants also demonstrated higher theta and alpha power in channels at Cz and Pz, but no changes in P3 ERP. Strong correlations were found between mean Aβ SUVR and latency of the 1-back (r = -0.69; p = 0.003) and 2-back (r = -0.69; p = 0.004) of the task difference at channel Fz in the CNAβ+ group.Conclusions: Our pilot data suggests that elevated amyloid in cognitive normal older adults is associated with hyperexcitability in P3 ERP. Further research is warranted to determine the validity of ERP in predicting clinical, neurobiological, and functional manifestations of AD.
NADH-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme
Authors: Xie Xing , Hao Fei , Chen Rong , Wang Jingjing , Wei Yanna , Liu Jin , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Zhenzhen , Bai Yun , Shao Guoqing , Xiong Qiyan , Feng Zhixin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is the main pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, pigs infected with Mhp demonstrate mainly poor growth and a reduced feed conversion rate, a disease that has a significant impact on the pig industry and pock production worldwide. The pathogenesis, especially possible virulence factors of Mhp, has still not been fully clarified.Results: The transcriptome and proteomic analysis of Mhp strains differed in virulence based on reported literature, and RNA transcription expression levels between high- and low-virulence strains initially indicated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent flavin oxidoreductase (NFOR) was related to Mhp pathogenicity. Prokaryotic expression and purification of the NFOR protein of Mhp were performed, a rabbit-origin polyclonal antibody of NFOR was prepared, and multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis of Mhp NFOR were performed. For the first time, it was found that the NFOR protein was conserved among all Mhp strains, and NFOR was localized on the cell surface and could adhere to immortalized porcine bronchial epithelial cells (hTERT-PBECs). Adhesion to hTERT-PBECs could be specifically inhibited by an NFOR polyclonal antibody, and the adhesion rates of both high- and low-virulence strains, 168 and 168L, significantly decreased by more than 40%. Moreover, Mhp NFOR could not only recognize and interact with host fibronectin and plasminogen but could also induce cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis in hTERT-PBECs. Lactate dehydrogenase release of Mhp NFOR in hTERT-PBECs was significantly positively correlated with the virulence of Mhp.Conclusions: Overall, in addition to being a metabolic enzyme related to oxidative stress, NFOR may also function as a potential novel virulence factor of Mhp, thus contributing to the pathogenesis process of Mhp, providing new ideas and theoretical support for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of other mycoplasmas.
The Clinical Value of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT on Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis and Staging for Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Xiao , You Zhouxiang , Liu Lin , Lei Lei , Mou Chungru , Dai Tianyang , Wang Li , Chen Yue , Hu Zhi , Liu Huipan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose To observe the clinical application value of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in the preoperative detection of lymph node metastasis and staging of esophageal cancer.Methods A prospective analysis of 29 surgical patients was performed. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was performed within 1 week before the operation. All patients received enhanced CT during the same period. None of these patients had received preoperative treatment before the operation. The value of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and enhanced CT in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis and preoperative staging of esophageal cancer was compared according to postoperative pathology.Results Both 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and CT detected the primary tumor (29/29 cases). 637 lymph nodes were surgically removed, of which 37 lymph nodes were metastasized. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PET/CT for lymph node metastasis detection were 71.1%, 99.4%, 97.8%, 90.0%, and 98.2%; The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT for lymph node metastasis detection were 36.8%, 98.9%, 95.3%, 70.0%, and 96.1%, respectively.Conclusion 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT is better than enhanced CT in diagnosing lymph node metastasis and determining lymph node staging in esophageal cancer.
PD-1 Knockout Aggravates Motor Dysfunction In The MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease By Inducing Microglial Activation And Neuroinflammation In Mice
Authors: Cheng Ying-Ying , Chen Bei-Yu , Bian Gan-Lan , Ding Yin-Xiu , CHEN Liang-Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Abundant microglial reaction and neuroinflammation are typical pathogenetic hallmark of brains in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, but regulation mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the promoting effects of PD-1-difficiency on microglial activation, neuroinflammation and motor dysfunction were identified using PD animal model.Methods: Using C57 wild-type (WT), PD-1 knockout (KO) and MPTP model, we designed WT-control, KO-control, WT-MPTP and KO-MPTP groups. Motor dysfunction of animal, distribution of PD-1-positive cells, dopaminergic neuronal survival, glial cell activation and generation of inflammatory cytokines in midbrains were observed by behavior detection, immunohistochemistry and western blot methods. Results: Microglial cells showing PD-1/Iba1 double-positivity were numerously distributed in the substantia nigra of control whereas they decreased in MPTP model. Compared with WT-MPTP, KO-MPTP mice exacerbated in their motor dysfunction, decreased level of TH expression and decreased TH-positive neuronal protrusions. Microglial cell activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokine iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 significantly increased, and levels and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 were also elevated in KO-MPTP mice. Conclusions: PD-1 knockout could aggravate motor dysfunction of MPTP mouse model by promoting microglial activation and neuroinflammation in midbrains, suggesting that PD-1 signaling abnormality might be involved in PD pathogenesis or progression.
Empirical Spectral Amplification Function for a Reference Site Near Keddara Dam in Algeria using Strong Motion Data.
Authors: Gherboudj Faouzi , Ouzandja Toufiq , Bensalem Rabah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with empirical spectral amplification function for a reference site (STK) near Keddara dam in Algeria using local strong ground motion of earthquakes of magnitudes Mw 4.0-6.8. Amplification function is obtained as the 5% damped mean spectral ratio of surface observed and the rock predicted ground motions and it is compared to the ambient vibration HVSR which shows a good agreement in terms of fundamental frequency and curve tendency. In addition, recorded ground motions are compared to surface predicted motion with modified GMPE, the site term of the local ground motion prediction equation is adjusted based on the obtained amplification function of the free field STK site. Examples of the M 6.8, M5.4 and M4.7 earthquakes show clearly the advantage of using the adjusted Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPE) for predicting surface ground motion. Site effect characterization and the adjusted GMPE presented in this study provide the basis elements toward partially non ergodic site specific-Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) application based on local strong motion data in Algeria.
A Count-Based Binary Decision Method For Target Blood Pressure Achievement in Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Data Interpretation For Clinical Practices
Authors: Shin Jinho , Lee Yonggu , Lim Sang Hyun , Shin Jeong-Hun , Kim Hyun-Jin , Kim Byung-Sik , Park Hwan-Cheol , Lim Young-Hyo , Park Jin-Kyu , Heo Ran , Kim Woo-Hyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Home blood pressure (HBP) is useful to decide whether blood pressure (BP) is controlled. However, applying HBP to daily clinical practices is still challenging without easy access to the average HBP. Therefore, we developed a simple method to make a binary decision for the control of HBP through high BP counts. We simulated 100 cases of HBP series for each combination of 3 numbers of BP readings (K = 16, 20, 24) and 4 levels of the standard deviations (SDs = 5, 10, 15, 20). A high BP was defined as an individual BP ≥ 135/85 mmHg, and an uncontrolled HBP was defined as a mean HBP ≥ 135/85 mmHg. Validation for the decision method was conducted using actual HBP data. The C-statistics and the accuracy of the high BP counts for the uncontrolled HBP were generally high (> 0.85) for all combinations of Ks and SDs but decreased as SDs increased but remained steady as Ks increased. In the validation, the C-statistic of the high BP count-to-total BP reading (C-T) ratio was 0.985, and a C-T ratio ≥ 0.5 showed a sensitivity of 0.957, a specificity of 0.907 and an accuracy of 0.927. The count-based decision method can provide an accurate quick assessment of the controlledness of HBP.
Essential Oil from Lavandula Angustifolia Elicits Expression of Three SbWRKY Transcription Factors Against Sorghum Damping-off and Induces Ultrastructural Alterations in Fusarium Solani
Authors: Rashad Younes M. , Razik Elsayed S. Abdel , Darwish Doaa B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sorghum damping-off, caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., is a momentous disease which causes economic loss in sorghum production. In this study, antagonistic activity of lavender essential oil (EO) against F. solani was studied in vitro. Their effects on regulation of three transcription factors SbWRKY, the response factor JERF3 and eight defense-related genes, which mediate different signaling pathways, in sorghum were investigated. Their application under greenhouse conditions was also evaluated. The obtained results showed that lavender EO possessed potent antifungal activity against F. solani. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis revealed that their antifungal activity is mainly attributed to linalyl anthranilate, α-terpineol, eucalyptol, α-Pinene, and limonene. Observations using transmission electron microscope exhibited many abnormalities in the fungal ultrastructures as a response to treating with lavender EO indicating that multi-mechanisms were contributed to their antagonistic behavior. Results obtained from the Real-time PCR investigation demonstrated that all studied genes were overexpressed, at varying extents, in response to lavender EO, however, SbWRKY1 was the highest expressed gene followed by JERF3, which suggest their probable primary role(s) in synchronously organizing the transcription-regulatory-networks enhancing the plant resistance. Under greenhouse conditions, treating of sorghum grains with lavender EO at 1.5% prior to the infection significantly reduced the disease severity. Moreover, the evaluated growth parameters, activities of the antioxidant enzymes, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were enhanced. In contrast, lipid peroxidation was highly reduced. Results obtained from this study results support the high possibility of using lavender EO for control of sorghum damping-off, however, the field evaluation was highly needed prior to the usage recommendation.
Construction of a Quantitative Genomic Map Gives Insight on Rapeseed Genetic Characteristics and Direction for Future Breeding
Authors: Raboanatahiry Nadia , Chao Hongbo , He Jianjie , Li Huaixin , Li Maoteng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Rapeseed is the second most important oil crop in the world. Improving seed yield and seed oil content are the two main highlights for researches. Unfortunately, rapeseed development is frequently affected by different diseases. Extensive researches have been made through many years to develop elite cultivars which could produce high oil, high yield or be resistant to disease. QTL analysis has been one of the most important strategy in genetic deciphering of agronomic characteristics. In order to comprehend the distribution of these QTLs and to uncover the key regions that could simultaneously control multiple traits, 4555 QTLs that have been identified during the last 25 years were aligned in one unique map, and a quantitative genomic map which involved 128 traits from 79 populations developed in 12 countries was constructed.
Results

The present study revealed 517 regions of overlapping QTLs which harbored 2744 candidate genes and might affect multiple traits, simultaneously. They could be selected to customize super-rapeseed cultivars, including the cultivars which produce high oil content for biofuels production. The gene ontology and the interaction network of those candidates revealed genes which highly interacted with the other genes and might have strong influence on them. The expression and structure of these candidate genes were compared in eight rapeseed accessions and revealed genes of similar structure which were expressed differently.
Conclusion

The present study enriches our knowledge on rapeseed genome characteristic and diversity, and it also provided indications for rapeseed molecular breeding improvement in the future.
Antineoplastic Efectiveness of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Onopordum Acanthium L. extract (AgNPs-OAL) toward MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Delalat Romina , Shandiz Seyed Ataollah Sadat , Pakpour Bahareh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present research was done to investigate the anticancer properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using bioactive extract of Onopordum acanthium L. (AgNPs-OAL) against breast cancer cell MDA_MB231 in vitro. The determination studies of AgNPs-OAL were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Interestingly, FESEM image observed the spherical shape of AgNPs-OAL with the range of 1–100 nm. As AgNP-OAL exhibited significant cytotoxicity properties on breast cancer MDA_MB231 cells with IC50 values of 66.04 μg/mL, while lowing toxicity toward normal human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells with IC50 values of 101.04 μg/mL was evaluated. Further, up-regulation of apoptotic Bax and CAD genes expressions were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) technique results. Moreover, enhanced cell cycle population (sub-G1), annexin V/PI staining, acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, Hoescht 33258 dye, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in AgNP-OAL-treated MDA_MB231 cancer cells. The green-synthesized AgNP-OAL has promising anticancer efficiency that can trigger apoptosis pathway in the MDA_MB231 breast cancer cells.
Low Energy Electrodynamics of CrI3 Layered Ferromagnet
Authors: Tomarchio Luca , Macis Salvatore , Mosesso Lorenzo , Nguyen Loi T. , Grilli Antonio , Guidi Mariangela Cestelli , Cava Robert J. , Lupi Stefano 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report on the optical properties from terahertz (THz) to Near-Infrared (NIR) of the layered magnetic compound CrI3 at various temperatures, both in the para- magnetic and ferromagnetic phase. In the NIR spectral range, we have observed an insulating electronic gap around 1.1 eV which strongly hardens with decreasing temperature. The blue shift observed represents a record in insulating materials and it is a fingerprint of a strong electron-phonon interaction. Moreover, a further gap hardening is observed below the Curie temperature, indicating the establishment of an effective interaction between electrons and magnetic degrees of freedom in the ferromagnetic phase. This interaction is confirmed by the disappearance of some phonon modes in the same phase as expected from a spin-lattice interaction theory. Therefore, the optical properties of CrI3 reveal a complex interaction among electronic, phononic and magnetic degrees of freedom, opening many possibilities for its use in 2-Dimensional heterostructures.
New approaches to the action of silicon to enable the cultivation of Panicum maximum in soil with water restriction
Authors: Rocha Juan Ricardo , Prado Renato Mello , Piccolo Marisa Cássia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Climate change increases the occurrence of droughts, decreasing the production of tropical forages through the induction of physiological stress. Si is expected to broaden the limit from physiological stress of forages grown under water restriction, which may come from an improvement in the stoichiometric homeostasis of Si with N and C, favoring physiological aspects. This study assessed whether Si supply via fertigation improves physiological aspects and the water content in the plant by means of an antioxidant defense system and changes in the C:N:Si stoichiometry during the regrowth of two cultivars of Panicum maximum grown under two soil water regimes (70 and 40% of the soil’s water retention capacity). The forages studied are sensitive to water deficit without silicon supply. The application of Si via fertigation attenuated the water deficit, favoring plant growth by stabilizing the stoichiometric homeostasis C:N and C:Si, which are responsible for increasing the plant capacity of converting accumulated C in dry mass, favoring the water content of the plant tissue and the photosynthetic efficiency. This study highlights the importance of the physiological function of Si, and effects on the stoichiometry of C and N, which are neglected in most research on forages grown under water restriction.
Characterization of Long Non-coding RNA Profile in RD and SH-SY5Y Cells Infected by CV-B5 using RNA Sequencing
Authors: Chen Wei , Teng Peiying , Yang Heng , Li Jing , Yang Fan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5) poses considerable threats to the health of infants especially in neurological damage. And the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act pivotal factors in regulating and participating in virus-host interactions. However, the role of lncRNAs in CV-B5-host interactions has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we used the RNA sequencing to determine the expression profiles of lncRNAs in CV-B5 infected human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and SH-SY5Y cells. Our results identified that in the differentially expressed lncRNAs a total of 508 up-regulated and 760 down-regulated lncRNAs in RD cell, with 46.2% were lincRNAs, 28.6% were anti-sense lncRNAs, 24.1% were sense overlapping lncRNAs, and 1.0% were sense intronic lncRNAs. Moreover, 792 lncRNAs were significantly increased and 811 lncRNAs were greatly decreased in SH-SY5Y cell including 48.6% were lincRNAs, 34.7% were anti-sense lncRNAs, 16.0% were sense overlapping lncRNAs, and 0.8% were sense intronic lncRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway showed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs participated in the occurrence of disease in RD cell and associated with signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cell after CVB5 infection respectively. In addition, similar results were obtained when seven lncRNAs were selected for validation using RT-qPCR assays. Moreover, we conducted the candidate lncRNA-IL12A secondary structures and found that it inhibits viral replication through Wnt signaling pathway. Our results reveal that lncRNAs can become a possible novel molecular target for the prevention and treatment of CV-B5 infection, and provided information for distinguishing neurogenic CV-B5 disease.