bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenting During COVID‐19: A Study of Parents' Experiences Across Gender and Income Levels
Authors: Kerr Margaret L. , Rasmussen Hannah F. , Fanning Kerrie A. , Braaten Sarah M. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThis study describes parenting experiences at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic and examines differences across parent gender and family income level.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic had unprecedented impacts on families. Many parents faced employment changes, including job loss, reduced pay, and working remotely, while simultaneously experiencing increased childcare responsibilities due to school and childcare closures. Research is needed to document the ongoing impact of these changes on parents and families.MethodAn online convenience sample of parents (N = 1,009) reported on their parenting experiences during the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic (April 2020) in an online survey.ResultsParents reported high levels of depression, anxiety, and parental burnout. Further, many parents reported increased negative emotions, such as anger and worry, while simultaneously feeling closer to their children and offering more comfort and soothing. Differences across gender and income levels are presented.ConclusionThese results align with other emerging findings of increased impacts to mental health and well‐being for parents and children and document the disproportionate effects on women and low‐income families.ImplicationsImplications include needing additional support (e.g., financial, caregiving) for parents and families as we continue to face the impacts and consequences of COVID‐19.
Attachment Style Moderates the Relationship Between Solitude and Marital Satisfaction: The Cross‐Partner Effects
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Li Tianyuan 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveConsidering the interdependence between close partners, the present study examined how the amount of one's alone time was related to both one's own and the partner's relationship satisfaction in married couples. It also tested how attachment style moderated the within‐ and cross‐partner associations between the experience of solitude and marital satisfaction.BackgroundSolitude reflects a status of being alone without any active social interactions. It can be related to either positive or negative affects depending on the circumstances. The role that solitude plays in close relationships is understudied in previous research.MethodUsing data from 105 married couples from mainland China, both actor and partner effects and the moderating effect of attachment style were tested using the moderated actor–partner interdependence model (MAPIM).ResultsTwo cross‐partner interactions between solitude and attachment style on husbands' marital satisfaction were identified. When wives reported high anxiety, the more husbands spent alone time, the lower was their reported marital satisfaction. When husbands reported high avoidance, the more wives spent time alone, the higher was their husbands reported marital satisfaction. No significant association between solitude and wives' marital satisfaction was found.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe results reveal the intricate role that solitude plays in marital relationships and highlight the importance to consider cross‐partner effects when studying dyadic interactions.
The geography of migrant workers' income in China: Evidence from a migrants dynamic survey in 2017
Authors: Wu Haijiang , Wu Qichao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudying the spatial pattern and determinants of migrant workers’ income is vital for grasping their mobility tendencies to better administer to this urban floating population and propel urbanization. Using 2017 data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper adopts trend surface, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial correlation methods to describe the spatial pattern of migrant workers' income in China. It then employs econometric models to examine the spatial effects and determinants of migrant workers' income. The spatial pattern demonstrates an obvious cluster phenomenon for the migrant workers' income in prefectural cities. Based on this social context, our empirical results further show that migrant workers' income has a spatial dependence effect. Migrant workers' income is positively affected by the migrant workers' individual characteristics (demographics, outflow characteristics, social integration) and negatively affected by the external factors (public social services, economic development environment) of the cities into which they flow. There is salient spatial variation in the determinants of migrant workers' income in prefectural cities, which are divided into multifactorial influence zones, work experience and house price influence zones, and education and family influence zones by cluster analysis, and into eastern and midwestern influence zones according to China's three economic areas.
Global histories of empire and climate in the Anthropocene
Authors: Gattey Emma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe scientific consensus on the causes of climate change has galvanised global history in the Anthropocene. Within this expanding subfield, however, many historians have afforded imperialism too little explanatory power. This reticence is partly attributable to the intellectual formation of the discipline itself, which long severed human from natural history. It is also due to the paleo‐biological scale of climate change and the related propagation of ‘species history’ by Dipesh Chakrabarty. Obscuring global asymmetries in responsibility for climate change, this approach has deflected attention from the intersections of imperialism and environmental degradation. This article surveys the historiography and methodological challenges of climate change, Chakrabarty's influence on Anthropocene scholarship, and critical responses by global historians. It also summarises recent global histories which have closely analysed the interconnections between empire and climate change, indicating a tipping point in global environmental historiography. These studies reveal intimate, necessarily longue durée linkages between the industrialisation, fossil‐fuel combustion, and exploitative socio‐political structures underpinning both imperialism and climate change.
Examining the influence of health on employment and work ability of Saudi haemodialysis patients: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Alquwez Nahed , Ormandy Paula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the employment, work productivity, activity impairment, and sustainability of work of Saudi patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on haemodialysis (HD).BackgroundFailure to address CKD‐related challenges may cause HD patients to lose their job, create a lack of compassion from co‐workers and receive discrimination hindering progress in their profession.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional explanatory sequential mixed‐methods study.MethodsA convenience sample of 130 CKD patients was surveyed in the quantitative phase using the ‘Short‐Form Health Survey’ and ‘Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire.’ For the qualitative phase, face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interviews took place with 16 CKD patients. Data were collected in 2017.ResultsThe respondents reported poor physical and mental health. Both employed and unemployed respondents reported moderate levels of work productivity. Better physical health was related to an increased likelihood of being employed. Physical health was negatively correlated with presenteeism, whereas mental health was negatively associated with activity impairment. Five key themes emerged from the qualitative data: work retention, sustaining employment, suitability of work, losing the work and unemployment.ConclusionsPhysical condition, personal distinctiveness, cultural and traditional aspects, and employment policies and approaches affect the employment status of CKD patients on HD.
The high normal ankle brachial index is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension patients among the Han Chinese
Authors: Sun Jin , Wang Shuxia , Li Man , Su Yongkang , Ma Shouyuan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Anhang , Cai Shuang , Cheng Bokai , Bao Qiligeer , Zhu Ping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common target organs damage in the hypertension patients. Abnormal low (≤0.9) or high (≥1.40) ankle brachial index (ABI) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the relationships between a high ABI in the normal range (0.9–1.4) and LVH in Han Chinese hypertension are not entirely elucidated. This study included 3953 hypertension patients aged 40–75 years among Han Chinese. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure≥90 mm Hg, or history of antihypertensive drug use. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. LVH was diagnosed by using the criteria of LVM ≥49.2 g/m2.7 for men and 46.7 g/m2.7 for women. Our study suggested that the ABI was higher in patients with LVH than in those without (1.13±0.11, 1.11±0.11, p < 0.001). The prevalence of LVH in patients with the lowest (0.9 < ABI≤1.03), second (1.04≤ABI≤1.11), the third (1.12≤ABI≤1.20), and the highest quartile (1.21≤ABI < 1.40) of ABI was 37.2%, 38.2%, 45.5%, 45.7%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the highest and third quartile of ABI were significantly associated with increased LVH risk (multivariate‐adjusted OR of highest group:1.83; third group:1.61). The association of ABI at second quartile with LVH was nonsignificant. Similar results were observed in less than 60 years and without coronary heart disease or diabetes group. Our observations in Chinese patients with hypertension indicated high ABI may be an important risk factor for LVH in hypertension patients among Han Chinese, even in the normal range.
Metformin alleviates oxidative stress‐induced senescence of human lens epithelial cells via AMPK activation and autophagic flux restoration
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Zhang Chunmei , Zhou Nan , Wang Xu , Su Dongmei , Qi Yanhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide owing to the increasing proportion of elderly individuals in the population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether metformin could alleviate the occurrence and development of age‐related cataract (ARC) and the underlying mechanism. In the present study, we established a senescence model induced by oxidative stress, which was confirmed by measuring β‐galactosidase activity, qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. In addition, we showed that metformin alleviated the oxidative stress‐induced senescence of HLE‐B3 cells via the activation of AMPK. Next, we provided evidence that oxidative stress impaired autophagic flux and induced lysosomal dysfunction. Subsequently, we found that metformin restored autophagic flux that had been impaired by oxidative stress by activating AMPK. Additionally, we found that metformin suppressed HLE‐B3 cell senescence by improving lysosomal function and inactivating mTOR. Furthermore, the inactivation of AMPK, impairment of autophagic flux and lysosomal dysfunction were observed in the human lens epithelium of ARC. In summary, our data suggest that the activation of AMPK may be a potential strategy for preventing ARC, and metformin may be an emerging candidate to alleviate the formation and development of ARC.
Periodontitis stage and grade are associated with poor oral‐health‐related quality of life: Findings from the Porto Alegre cohort study
Authors: Goergen Joseane , Albandar Jasim M. , Oppermann Rui Vicente , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Susin Cristiano , Haas Alex Nogueira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the association between periodontitis stage and grade with oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).Materials and methodsThis cohort was derived from the Porto Alegre study. The original sample was representative of more than 3 million inhabitants of a Brazilian urban area. Full‐mouth periodontal examinations at six sites per tooth were performed at baseline and 5 years later. Periodontitis grade was determined by direct evidence of progression of attachment loss over the follow‐up. Stage of periodontitis and OHRQoL, determined by the oral health impact profile version 14 (OHIP‐14), were recorded at the follow‐up examination. Mean ratios (MRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated adjusting for age, sex, smoking, systemic diseases, tooth loss, and baseline periodontitis diagnosis.ResultsFive‐hundred and ninety‐nine individuals were analysed. Individuals with periodontitis grade C + stage II (MR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.08–2.04) and stages III/IV (MR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.25–2.66) had significantly higher OHIP scores than those without periodontitis or with periodontitis stage I/grade B. Individuals with periodontitis stages II and III/IV + grade B did not differ from those without periodontitis or with periodontitis stage I/grade B.ConclusionSeverity and progression rate of periodontitis are associated with poor OHRQoL.
Iron reduces the propagation of pathological α‐synuclein
Authors: Guo Yu‐jie , Ayton Scott , Lei Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIron accumulation and α‐synuclein aggregates (e.g., Lewy bodies) have been linked with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), with yet‐to‐be‐determined interaction. Previous studies have indicated that iron binds to α‐synuclein and triggers its aggregation in vitro, and iron is found enriched in Lewy bodies. In the current study, Joppe et al. have found that the propagation of pathological α‐synuclein caused by intrastriatal α‐synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) injection was unexpectedly attenuated in rodent brains in a model of brain iron elevation (neonatal iron feeding). PFFs stimulated microglial activation was also reduced in mice with elevated iron. These results may provide new insight into the complex interaction between these two key pathologies of PD.
image
NOTCH3 variant position is associated with NOTCH3 aggregation load in CADASIL vasculature
Authors: Gravesteijn Gido , Hack Remco J. , Mulder Aat A. , Cerfontaine Minne N. , van Doorn Remco , Hegeman Ingrid M. , Jost Carolina R. , Rutten Julie W. , Lesnik Oberstein Saskia A. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsCADASIL, the most prevalent hereditary cerebral small vessel disease, is caused by cysteine‐altering NOTCH3 variants (NOTCH3cys) leading to vascular NOTCH3 protein aggregation. It has recently been shown that variants located in one of NOTCH3 protein epidermal growth‐factor like repeat (EGFr) domains 1–6, are associated with a more severe phenotype than variants located in one of the EGFr domains 7–34. The underlying mechanism for this genotype–phenotype correlation is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse whether NOTCH3cys variant position is associated with NOTCH3 protein aggregation load.MethodsWe quantified vascular NOTCH3 aggregation in skin biopsies (n = 25) and brain tissue (n = 7) of CADASIL patients with a NOTCH3cys EGFr 1–6 variant or a EGFr 7–34 variant, using NOTCH3 immunohistochemistry (NOTCH3 score) and ultrastructural analysis of granular osmiophilic material (GOM count). Disease severity was assessed by neuroimaging (lacune count and white matter hyperintensity volume) and disability (modified Rankin scale).ResultsPatients with NOTCH3cys EGFr 7–34 variants had lower NOTCH3 scores (P = 1.3·10−5) and lower GOM counts (P = 8.2·10−5) than patients with NOTCH3cys EGFr 1–6 variants in skin vessels. A similar trend was observed in brain vasculature. In the EGFr 7–34 group, NOTCH3 aggregation levels were associated with lacune count (P = 0.03) and white matter hyperintensity volume (P = 0.02), but not with disability.ConclusionsCADASIL patients with an EGFr 7–34 variant have significantly less vascular NOTCH3 aggregation than patients with an EGFr 1–6 variant. This may be one of the factors underlying the difference in disease severity between NOTCH3cys EGFr 7–34 and EGFr 1–6 variants.
Adverse device‐device interaction between pacemaker and subcutaneous implantable cardiac defibrillator
Authors: Abbott Nicholas , Bender Aron , Henrikson Charles , Miller Jared , Nazer Babak , Balaji Seshadri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 26‐year‐old patient with prior surgery for Ebstein's anomaly and a pacemaker (placed for post‐surgical heart block and poor underlying rhythm) underwent SICD was placement. During defibrillation testing, device‐device interaction led to undersensing of ventricular fibrillation with failure to shock. Increasing the pacemaker sensitivity resolved the problem but post shock pacing was unable to capture the heart after both shocks. The patient underwent removal of both the pacemaker and the SICD and placement of a transvenous ICD. Complex device‐device interactions can occur in patients who are pacemaker dependent and undergo placement of a SICD.
Heterogeneous outcomes of liver disease after heart transplantation for a failed Fontan procedure
Authors: Ybarra Aecha M , Khanna Geetika , Turmelle Yumirle P , Stoll Janis , Castleberry Chesney D , Scheel Janet , Ballweg Jean A , Ameduri Rebecca , Kimberling Matthew , Makil Elizabeth , Birnbaum Brian F , Exil Vernat , Canter Charles E , Simpson Kathleen E 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFontan‐associated liver disease (FALD) uniformly affects patients with long‐term Fontan physiology. The effect of isolated heart transplant (HT) on the course of FALD post‐HT is not well understood.MethodsWe evaluated serial liver imaging pre‐ and post‐HT to assess liver changes over time in a single‐center retrospective analysis of Fontan HT recipients who had pre‐ and ≥1‐year post‐HT liver imaging. Available patient demographic and clinical data were reviewed, including available liver biopsy results.ResultsSerial liver imaging was available in 19 patients with a median age at HT of 12 years (range 3–23), the median age from Fontan to HT of 5.7 years (range 0.8–16), and the median time from imaging to follow up of 27 months (range 12–136 months). Pre‐HT liver imaging was classified as follows: normal (n=1), congested (n=9), fibrotic (n=7), and cirrhotic (n=2). The majority of transplanted patients (15/19) had improvement in their post‐HT liver imaging, including 13 patients with initially abnormal imaging pre‐HT having normal liver imaging at follow‐up. One patient had persistent cirrhosis at 26‐month follow‐up, one patient had unchanged fibrosis at 18‐month follow‐up, and one patient progressed from fibrosis pre‐HT to cirrhosis post‐HT at 136 months. No patients had overt isolated liver failure during pre‐ or post‐HT follow‐up. Liver biopsy did not consistently correlate with imaging findings.ConclusionsPost‐HT liver imaging evaluation in Fontan patients reveals heterogeneous liver outcomes. These results not only provide evidence for the improvement of FALD post‐HT but also show the need for serial liver imaging follow‐up post‐HT.
Ethylene‐activated MdPUB24 mediates ubiquitination of MdBEL7 to promote chlorophyll degradation in apple fruit
Authors: Wei Yun , Jin Juntong , Xu Yaxiu , Liu Weiting , Yang Guangxin , Bu Haidong , Li Tong , Wang Aide 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYChlorophyll (Chl) degradation is a natural phenomenon that occurs during ripening in many fleshy fruit species, and also during fruit storage. The plant hormone ethylene is a key factor in promoting Chl degradation during fruit storage, but the mechanisms involved in this induction are largely unknown. In this study, an apple (Malus domestica) BEL1‐LIKE HOMEODOMAIN transcription factor 7 (MdBEL7), potentially functioning as a transcriptional repressor of the Chl catabolic genes (CCGs), including MdCLH, MdPPH2 and MdRCCR2, was identified as a partner of the ethylene‐activated U‐box type E3 ubiquitin ligase MdPUB24 in a yeast library screen. Yeast‐two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation and luciferase complementation imaging assays were then used to verify the interaction between MdBEL7 and MdPUB24. In vitro and in vivo ubiquitination experiments revealed that MdPUB24 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to ubiquitinate MdBEL7, thereby causing its degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. Transient overexpression of MdPUB24 in apple fruit led to a decrease in MdBEL7 abundance and increased expression of CCG genes, including MdCLH, MdPPH2 and MdRCCR2, as well as greater Chl degradation. Taken together, the data indicated that an ethylene‐activated U‐box type E3 ubiquitin ligase MdPUB24 directly interacts with and ubiquitinates MdBEL7. Consequent degradation of MdBEL7 results in enhanced expression of MdCLH, MdPPH2 and MdRCCR2, and thus Chl degradation during apple fruit storage. Our results reveal that an ethylene‐MdPUB24‐MdBEL7 module regulates Chl degradation by post‐translational modification during apple fruit storage.
Extracorporeal photopheresis chargemasters show haphazard billing practices
Authors: Adkins Brian D. , Kneib Jessica , Plummer W. Dale , Dupont William D. , Booth Garrett S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnited States healthcare spending continues to outpace other developed nations although efforts are being made to increase cost‐transparency. Recent legislation requires hospitals to publish a chargemaster, a list of all billable procedure codes together with prices. Chargemaster prices have been shown to be highly variable, if available, and are not typically paid, but contribute to negotiated rates. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is performed for a limited number of indications and could serve as a marker of this variability. We investigated the availability of chargemaster documentation for ECP procedures and the variability of pricing as assessed by institutional characteristics.Study design and methodsA list of centers with photopheresis systems was obtained from the device manufacturer and the institutional websites were analyzed for chargemaster list prices. Multivariate linear regressions were performed to compare impact of facility variables on chargemaster pricing.ResultsThere are 139 locations in the US which are listed as referral centers for ECP; and chargemaster prices were available in 66.2% of these centers. The range was $571.48–183,452.00, maximum price 321 times greater than minimum, and the median price, after outlier exclusion, was $8989.06 (SD = $4361.72). ECP cost did not correlate with hospital size, facility type, ownership, number of hospitals in the referral region, hospital care intensity index, academic status, or region (p ≥ .05).ConclusionsChargemaster costs for ECP procedures are highly variable and nonuniform, and the current data available for patients undergoing these specialized apheresis procedures is insufficient to afford patients the ability to compare prices.