bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection of Breast Calcification in Ultrasound Imaging with Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Karunia P D , Prajitno P , Soejoko D S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer is a common type of cancer that leading death causes of female in the worldwide. Breast calcification can be one of indicator that can be used to detect the breast cancer early. One of the preferred methods used by radiologist to detect breast cancer is ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound imaging is much safer than mammography that followed by radiological effect. However, ultrasound imaging contaminated with speckle noise that looks similar to breast calcification. It can be the cause of the long time diagnosis process. It encourages so many methods of computed aided diagnosis (CADx) that can detect abnormalities automatically. One of them is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNN can be used to classify the normal breast and breast with abnormalities. In this paper, CNN has been proposed for the classification of the ultrasound images into normal breasts and breasts with calcification. Experimental results classification accuracy was 76 % and a sensitivity of 84.61%.
Integration of Borehole Image and Sonic to Evaluate Critically-Stressed Fractures to Optimize Production at FORGE Geothermal Field
Authors: Sulistyowati E , Haris A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Geothermal integration solutions as unconventional environment have workflows or methods that must be able to optimize existing data and be adapted to overcome existing challenges. The integration method consists of geology, Petrophysics and Geomechanics domains. Geological analysis to identify fractures, fracture classification, knowing the dip azimuth and the magnitude of the fracture, quantitative analysis (intensity, aperture and porosity) by using the wellbore image log. Petrophysics analysis is to distinguish open / healed fractures that analysed from sonic data. Fracture orientation analysed further for the stress calculation on fracture planes and to determine the effective fractures (most likely to flow) that has a high ratio of shear to normal stress. Geomechanical analysis in geothermal fields, among others, is to determine the dynamic permeability behaviour of fractures during the production / injection phase, determine the orientation and productive fracture interval. The integration is using FORGE well 21-31 in 8.5in section with depth interval 6,226 – 7,920 ft-MD and well 58-32 in 8.5in section with depth interval 7,390-7,527 ft-MD. Well 21-31 shows dominant fracture strike orientation to NNE-SSW, while Well 58-32 shows slightly different set strike orientation to N-S with minor striking to NE-SW and NW-SE. Evaluation of critically stressed fracture intended to have knowledge on production mechanism and based on analysis, fracture/fault that has high potential of shearing is striking to NNE-SSW and dipping to Westerly.
Synthesis of TiO2 from TiCl4 Using Morinda Citrifolia Root Extract as a Molecular Template and its Photocatalytic Activity to Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Rahman A , Afrizal  , Warden B , Slamet R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
TiCl4 successfully as precursors for synthesised TiO2 in nanometer-sized through the sol-gel method on the variation of the concentration of root extract of M. Citrifolia and have shown photocatalyst activity to degrade methylene blue with UV radiation in 365 nm. The characteristics of TiO2 synthesized such as crystalline, size and morphology using SEM. SEM analysis showed that the morphology of TiO2 synthesized showed the spherical shape in the nanometer-sized. Examination of the energy bandgap using UV-Vis DRS showed a decrease bandgap for TiO2 synthesized (TiO2 Merck = 3.2 eV; TiO2 10x = 3:16 eV; TiO2 50x = 3.1 eV; TiO2 100x = 3.08 eV). The best degradation photocatalytic activity is demonstrated by TiO2 100x until 84.07%. The reaction rate of TiO2 photocatalytic for the degradation of methylene blue follow a pseudo-second-order reaction model.
Preliminary Study on The Effect of Time on Hydrogen Production from Electrolysis of The Seawater
Authors: Rustana C E , Sunaryo  , Salam I N , Sugihartono I , Sasmitaningsihhiadayah W , Madjid A D R , Hananto F S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To know the effect of electrode type on the production of hydrogen gas through the electrolysis of sea water, this research was conducted. At a constant potential difference of 12 Volt, the electrolysis process is carried out by alternately using graphite and copper as electrodes. The electrolysis process time was varied from 10 to 55 minutes with increments every 5 minutes for each electrode. The results showed that the use of copper in the electrolysis of sea water produced a maximum of 82 ml of hydrogen gas better than 76 ml of graphite with a total processing time of 5 hours and 25 minutes. The results also show that the production of hydrogen gas in graphite has the largest hydrogen production rate in the first 10 minutes, but continues to decline, while the copper electrode has the largest hydrogen production rate at 220 minutes and decreases when the electrolysis process reaches 270 minutes when the electric current experiences drop. This can be understood due to the corrosion of the electrode by chlorine, which causes the electrode life to be limited. Meanwhile, the water displacement measurement method is used to determine the volume of hydrogen gas produced from the electrolysis of seawater in this study.
The Effect of Voltage and Electrode Types on Hydrogen Production from The Seawater Electrolysis Process
Authors: Rustana C E , Sunaryo  , Muchtar S J , Sugihartono I , Sasmitaningsihhiadayah W , Madjid A D R , Hananto F S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Besides the limited supply, turns out the fossil fuels also causes carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution in the atmosphere and causing global warming. Therefore, renewable energy that environmentally friendly are needed, which is hydrogen gas considered capable of being an alternative to replace fossil fuels. One of many simple ways and effective to produce hydrogen gas is by electrolysis. Seawater was chosen in this research because of its abundant availability, have high efficiency and low cost to produce hydrogen gas. By varying the voltage from 1.5 volts to 24 volts with an increase of 1.5 volts, this research was conducted to determine the effect of the difference in voltage and type of electrode on the volume and rate of hydrogen production through electrolysis of seawater with constant time 10 minutes each. The type of electrode that used in this research are copper and graphite. The result showed that the productivity coefficient of copper electrodes was 0.41 ml with determination coefficient of 0.97; while, productivity coefficient of graphite electrodes was 0.32 ml with determination coefficient of 0.93. This research also shows that a maximum of volume hydrogen gas of 8.5 ml was produced through the electrolysis of seawater using copper electrodes at a voltage of 21 volts. This result is much greater than using the graphite electrodes that only produced a maximum volume of hydrogen gas of 7.1 ml at a voltage of 22.5 volts.
Polyvinyl Alcohol-based Hydrogel: A Systematic Literature Review on Thermal Properties by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Putro P A , Sulaeman A S , Maddu A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic literature review (SLR) study is to assess the importance of thermal properties and the depth of analysis on Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based hydrogel. Google Scholar is used as a search for database sources using Publish or Perish software, which is related to PVA-based hydrogel’s thermal properties from 2018 to 2020. Thermal properties are focused on the DSC thermogram characteristic. These results strongly indicate that PVA-based hydrogel’s thermal properties are very important and considered for their potential application.
Analysis of the Structure of Ceramic Materials of Clay, Mount Kelud Volcanic Ash and Sea Water
Authors: Nasution N J F , Sembiring K , Sitorus Z 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Based on the durability of ancient roman buildings that are 2000 years old and are always exposed to sea waves. In which there is a mixed reaction of volcanic rock with seawater. Indonesia has many active volcanoes, this is because Indonesia is located at the confluence of the Eurasian and Indo-Australian tectonic plates. One of the mountains formed in the area where the plates meet is still active, the mountain is Mount Kelud. Mount Kelud is a volcano in the province of East Java, Indonesia, which is classified as active. The existence of volcanic ash resulting from the eruption of Mount Kelud is quite potential as a ceramic material. So the purpose of this research is to make a ceramic construction made from clay, volcanic ash from Mount Kelud and sea water by the method of die pressing and sintering at a temperature of 1000°C. So it can be known how the physical properties, mechanics and especially the crystal structure formed from ceramic samples. The results of the research that has been carried out are that the highest density value is in the composition of a mixture of 50% volcanic ash and 50% seawater, the highest compressive strength value is also found in the composition of a mixture of 50% volcanic ash and 50% seawater, and from the XRD results, the structure The crystal formed is hexagonal with the phase formed is SiO2.
PT symmetry and the evolution speed in open quantum systems 1
Authors: Brody Dorje C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of an open quantum system with balanced gain and loss is not described by a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian but rather by Lindblad operators. Nevertheless the phenomenon of PT-symmetry breaking and the impact of exceptional points can be observed in the Lindbladean dynamics. Here we briefly review the development of PT symmetry in quantum mechanics, and the characterisation of PT-symmetry breaking in open quantum systems in terms of the behaviour of the speed of evolution of the state.
On some mathematical models tracking epidemics spreading
Authors: Cerveró Jose M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A complete integrability of one SEIRD-like dynamical system is presented. Many models like this have been used nowadays in epidemiology and several other descriptions of virological spreading. In this paper we show that one of them is exactly solvable. Only one almost trivial condition for integrability is needed. The statistical perspective is not considered. Our solution is an exact one and the result hereby presented cast some doubts on the interest in this class of deterministic models. One entirely new avenue for tackling the problem of spreading diseases is then proposed. Curiously enough is surprisingly related to Quantum Mechanics in its non-hermitic version also called PT-Quantum Mechanics.
What is the resonant state in open quantum systems?
Authors: Hatano Naomichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article reviews the theory of open quantum system from a perspective of the non-Hermiticity that emerges from the environment with an infinite number of degrees of freedom. The non-Hermiticity produces resonant states with complex eigenvalues, resulting in peak structures in scattering amplitudes and transport coefficients. After introducing the definition of resonant states with complex eigenvalues, we answer typical questions regarding the non-Hermiticity of open quantum systems. What is the physical meaning of the complex eigenmomenta and eigenenergies? How and why do the resonant states break the time-reversal symmetry that the system observes? Can we make the probabilistic interpretation of the resonant states with diverging wave functions? What is the physical meaning of the divergence of the wave functions? We also present an alternative way of finding resonant states, namely the Feshbach formalism, in which we eliminate the infinite number of the environmental degrees of freedom. In this formalism, we attribute the non-Hermiticity to the introduction of the retarded and advanced Green’s functions.
Emergence of parity time symmetric quantum critical phenomena
Authors: Kumar Ranjith R , Rahul S , Kartik Y R , Sarkar Sujit 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Emergence of different interesting and insightful phenomena at different length scale is the heart of quantum many-body system. We show that the physics of parity-time (PT) symmetry is one new addition to them. We show explicitly that the emergence of different topological excitation at different length scale for the PT symmetry system through the analysis of renormalization group (RG) flow lines. We observe that the higher order RG process favour the emergence of asymptotic freedom like behaviour and also show the effect of strong correlation on the emergent phases. Interestingly, the asymptotic freedom like behaviour is favoured by PT symmetry phase of the system. Moreover, we also derive the scaling relation for the couplings in RG equations. These findings can be tested experimentally in ultracold atoms.
Lung Cancer Detection using VGG NET 16 Architecture
Authors: Thanzeem Mohamed Sheriff S , Venkat Kumar J , Vigneshwaran S , Jones Aida , Anand Jose 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer is one of the main reason for loss of human life across the world. All the medical practitioners and researchers are dealing with the demanding situations to fight against cancer. Based on the report in 2019 from American Cancer Society, 96,480 deaths are anticipated due to skin cancers, 142,670 deaths are from lung cancers, 42,260 deaths are from breast cancers, 31,620 deaths are from prostate cancers, and 17,760 deaths are from mind cancers. Initial detection of most cancers has the pinnacle precedence for saving the lives. This paper proposed a lung cancer detection using Deep Learning based on VEE NET architecture. This was one of the famous models submitted to ILSVRC-2014. Visual checkup and manual practices are used on this venture for the various types of cancer diagnoses. This guide interpretation of scientific images that needs massive time intake and is notably susceptible to mistakes. Thus, in this project, we apply deep learning algorithms to identify lung cancer and its presence without the need for several consultations from different doctors. This leads to an earlier prediction of the presence of the disease and allows us to take prior actions immediately to avoid further consequences in an effective and cheap manner avoiding human error rate. In this project lung cancer and its presence is determined. A web application is developed as a hospital application where an input x-ray image is given to detect lung cancer.
Sustainable Development on Ferrock Mortar Cubes
Authors: Karthika S. , Leema Rose A. , Priyadarshini G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConcrete, after water across the world, the second most broadly utilized material involving 8-10% of all yields of CO2, is predominantly because of cement. This project ultimately aims to determine the potential use of Ferrock as an exceptional replacement for cement in concrete compared with other alternative alternatives. It is a steel-based restraining compound used to form a carbon-negative structure substance utilizing waste material absorbents. The iron residue (an iron business loss) that would end in sites somehow alongside small quantities of limestone, metakaolin, and fly ash is being used to make this an efficient substance. Our research focuses unexpectedly on their commitment to carbon dioxide contamination, energy use, water use, the ecologic impact of ordinary Portland cement and Ferrock (limestone 8%, metakaolin 12%, fly ash 20%, and iron residue 60%). By subtitling concrete with Ferrock in fluctuating proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% in solid, we attempt to find the ideal proportion of substitution, which, along with sustainability, would boost wanted outcomes for both (compressive and divided tensile). In all this proportion, the test result shows 10% is more efficient than others.
Relationship between California Bearing Ratio and Other Geotechnical Properties of Sub grade Soils
Authors: Mohammed Yimam , Paulmakesh A. , Admasu Bereket , Shukri Saliha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The California bearing ratio (CBR) is a very commonly used laboratory test for predicting the strength of subgrade layer. The aim of this study is predicting the strength of the subgrade soil from fine grained soils. The findings obtained from test results are Atterberg limit, grain size, compaction, and free swell tests. The California bearing ratios were conducted to find out the strength parameters, and correlated with liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. The CBR values were determined in the laboratory are compared with the predicted values.
Design and Development of an Effective Smart Garbage System using the Internet of Things
Authors: Vanitha V , Sangeerth Raj CV , Mithun Kumar KK , Sebastian Joseph 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Garbage management has become the most pressing challenge in today’s world, particularly in countries with significant population growth rates. Excess of gas can be formed in the environment which causes production of greenhouse gas in the environment. We employed this technology to monitor the level of waste in the garbage, as well as fire and gas emissions. When there is a fire or a significant volume of hazardous gas in the waste. The location will be updated in the web and the buzzer will give an alert. The whole process used to reduce greenhouse gas in the environment. And also, it detects the level of garbage, when the level is high it shares the location to IOT.
Fabrication and Tribological Studies of Hybrid Composite Material
Authors: Surendrababu K. , Sathiyaraj S , Issac Premson M. , GuruMugilan D. , Sridhran E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many attempts have been undertaken to mechanically or chemically create various types of in organic filled polymers. These methods, however, necessitate the alteration of the filler material through intricate polymerization reactions, making them unsuitable for industrial use. Waste flyash recovery is challenging, and the utilisation rate is poor. This flyash is employed in novel composite materials as a filler or partial reinforcement. Flyash is employed as a filler material for polymer matrix composites in this study. Aramid and E-Glass fibres are utilised as reinforcement with epoxy resin to improve the bonding strength between the fibres and filler materials, resulting in a high load bearing capacity. The specimens are tested for mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact according to ASTM standards. The maximal impact strength was seen at a 5wt% flyash addition, however the tensile and flexural strength were steadily lowered with the addition of 5wt% flyash.
Performance of Pellucid Concrete by using Optical Fibers
Authors: Subathra P. , Sangeetha S.P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnergy efficient building and aesthetic view are the vital knot for infrastructure. Now engineers have developed smart translucent concrete(STC) using glass optical fibers (GOF). It can able to transmit light from one phase to the other phase of the wall. Smart translucent concrete is also known as pellucid concrete. Pellucid concrete reduces the consumption of electricity. Source of light can be taken from natural sunlight and artificial light source from LED having 20w. In this investigation, incorporating optical fibers in various diameters are 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm. Concrete cube with provision of hole for providing glass optical fiber and arranged in equal spacing of about 15 mm and 25 mm. In this experiment, analysis the performance of smart translucent concrete in the aspect of strength and luminance. The light intensity from the specimen can be measured with a help of photometer. It is an energy efficient building material innovated in recent years.
Effects of spatial resolution anisotropy on viscous terms using isotropic steady turbulence numerical analysis
Authors: Hirabayashi Riku , Suzuki Hiroki , Mochizuki Shinsuke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study presents the effects of spatial resolution anisotropy on an isotropic turbulence field. Here, this turbulence field is steady. In order to set the anisotropy of the spatial resolution, the accuracy order of the viscosity terms is set to be anisotropic. The convection and viscosity terms are discretized using the second-order or fourth-order central difference schemes. The Reynolds number dependence of the turbulence statistics is used to examine this influence. The effects of resolution anisotropy on the small-scale turbulent field obtained by longitudinal derivatives as well as large-scale turbulent fields are small. On the other hand, the small-scale turbulent field obtained by lateral derivatives is significantly affected by the anisotropy of resolution in the low Reynolds number condition.
Dynamic numerical simulation of pre-cracked concrete samples under different mechanical parameters
Authors: Zhang W B , Wang S Y 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Numerical simulations of pre-cracked concrete subjected to dynamic impact compressive stress wave are carried out via DRFPA (Dynamic Realistic Failure Process Analysis). This code is validated firstly by comparing experimental results. Then, the initiation, propagation and coalescence of wing cracks and secondary cracks are numerically investigated by varying elastic modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, and homogeneity index of some phases (bond and aggregate) of concrete. The numerically simulated concrete failure mode (tension/shear failure) and its development in both quasi-coplanar plane and concrete bridge are analyzed and discussed. Numerical results show that the tension failure occurs firstly whereas shear failure occurs shortly thereafter with continuous dynamic loadings and its reflected wave. Meanwhile, the evolution of wing cracks and secondary cracks are numerically investigated. In addition, the effect of elastic modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, and homogeneity index of concrete phases on the crack evolutions are also studied.
CFD-based investigation of R22 flow boiling characteristics in corrugated pipes
Authors: Wang J F , Zhu S L , Xie J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Double pipes are widely used in the food industry. In order to investigate the influence of different corrugation heights on the heat transfer performance of the corrugated pipe, the corrugated tubes with different sizes have been analyzed. The influence of different corrugation heights on the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop has been studied. An effect of the refrigerant velocity on the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop has been analyzed. The results show that the highest heat transfer coefficient takes place at the corrugation height 3.3mm. With an increase of the refrigerant velocity, the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop grow.