bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating retail supply chain performance against pandemic disruption: adopting resilient strategies to mitigate the long-term effects
Authors: Sharma Manu , Luthra Sunil , Joshi Sudhanshu , Kumar Anil 
Published: February 2021

PurposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted global supply chains, revealing dreadful gaps and exposing vulnerabilities. Retailers are challenged to tackle risks and organise themselves to fit into the “new normal” scenario. This global outbreak has established a volatile environment for supply chains; it has raised the question of survival in the market, forcing companies to rethink resilient strategies to be adopted for the post-pandemic situation to mitigate the long-term effects of this virus. This study explores the priorities for retail supply chains (RSCs) to align their business operations and strategies for the post-pandemic world.Design/methodology/approachThis study has utilised integrated full consistency model (FUCOM) – best–worst method (BWM) for assessment of RSCs to enhance their business performance irrespective of pandemic disruptions. The FUCOM has been employed to identify the priorities of determinants enhancing business performance, whereas RSC strategies are evaluated using the BWM method.FindingsThe current study identifies “Collaboration Efficiency” as the main criterion for accelerating the performance of RSCs in a dynamic social environment. Also, the study concludes that “Order Fulfilment” and “Digital RSCs” are the most appropriate resilient business strategies to mitigate the long-term effects.Research limitations/implicationsSupply-demand balancing is a challenging task at the moment, but highly significant for the future. The pandemic disruptions have placed intense pressure on retailers to deliver products as per consumers' changing behaviours towards the purchase of essentials and other products. Hence, “Order Fulfilment” and “Digital RSCs” should be adopted for meeting customer requirements and to ensure sustainability in the post-pandemic business world.Originality/valueThis work sets out a comprehensive framework which will be helpful for accelerating RSCs performance against pandemic disruption by adopting resilient strategies to mitigate the long-term effects.
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: Can imaging findings predict HPV status?
Authors: Fomin Igor , Hughes Ian , Bhuta Sandeep 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThis is first Australian population‐based retrospective study in HPV‐induced OPSCCs utilising CT. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) was utilised to assess if imaging findings of metastatic cystic lymph nodes (LNs) can predict human papillomavirus (HPV) status, as defined by p16 immunostaining of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs).Materials and MethodsThe location and p16 status of primary tumours and LNs were recorded. Metastatic LNs were assessed for size, shape, margins and cystic changes. Hounsfield Units (HU) value of primary tumours and LNs were measured and tabulated. p16‐positive and p16‐negative groups were compared with respect to these variables. The two‐sample t test and two‐sample Mann–Whitney test was used.ResultsA total of 364 CECT scans were reviewed with 209 patients (187 p16 positive and 22 p16 negative). Primary sites of OPSCCs were tonsils (58.8%), base of tongue (37.4%) and other oropharyngeal sites (3.8%). The HU values of p16‐positive OPSCCs with mean of 78.6HU; 95% CI (76.5–80.8) were lower for p16‐negative tumours, mean 96.0 HU CI 95% (85.5–106.6) for all oropharyngeal sub‐sites. The mean HU values of p16‐positive and p16‐negative metastatic LNs were 38.8 HU 95% CI: (13–103 HU) versus 88.7 HU 95% CI: (54–131) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe association between p16‐positive status and the tonsillar cancer site is very high. Imaging features of p16‐positive metastatic LNs include relatively large cystic neck nodes with low HU values. This is an imaging signature of p16‐positive OPSCCs and can potentially influence patient’s early diagnosis and prognosis.
National survey revealed variable practices in paediatric procedural sedation and patient monitoring
Authors: Tervonen Miikka , Kallio Merja , Peltoniemi Outi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPaediatric procedures requiring sedation are increasingly being performed off site, but there are no national guidelines for paediatric procedural sedation in Finland or studies on it. Therefore, the aim of this survey was to assess national practices for paediatric procedural sedation outside operation rooms and intensive care units in terms of indications, sedative medication, treatment facilities, patient safety and training of the personnel.An online survey including single‐ and multiple‐choice questions and open‐ended questions was sent to Finnish paediatricians, paediatric surgeons and paediatric anaesthesiologists via the electronic mailing lists of national societies in December 2019.A total of 71 responses were received. Lumbar puncture (41%), intra‐articular injections (38%) and MRI (17%) were the most common procedures that required routine sedation. Benzodiazepines were the most frequently used sedatives during both painful procedures (80%) and imaging (61%). Pulse oximetry monitoring was reported by 75% of the respondents, but other physiological parameters were rarely monitored (ECG 28%; blood pressure 39%; respiratory rate 34%). The level of sedation was not objectively assessed. Adrenaline (72%) and equipment for managing adverse respiratory outcomes (supplemental oxygen 98%; ventilation equipment 92%) were available in most facilities in which sedation was performed. Only one‐third of the respondents had undergone training for paediatric procedural sedation, and only 39% of the hospital units compiled statistical data on sedation‐related adverse events.The paediatric procedural sedation practices vary across hospitals. National guidelines for patient monitoring and training of personnel could improve treatment quality and patient safety.
The value of human epididymis 4, D‐dimer, and fibrinogen compared with CA 125 alone in triaging women presenting with pelvic masses: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: McKendry Kate , Duff Stephen , Huang Yanmei , Redha Mostafa , Scanlon Áine , Abu Saadeh Feras , Gleeson Noreen , O’Leary John , Norris Lucy , O’Toole Sharon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionCA 125, the biomarker in common clinical use for ovarian cancer, is limited by low sensitivity for early disease and high false positives. The aim of this study was to evaluate several candidate biomarkers, alone or in combination, compared with CA 125 in the prediction of malignant/borderline vs benign tumor status in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with pelvic masses.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective observational cohort study set in St James’s Hospital, a tertiary referral center for gynecological malignancy in Dublin, Ireland. Women undergoing surgery for pelvic masses between 2012 and 2018 were included. Preoperative human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm, the Risk of Malignancy Index I and II, D‐dimer, and fibrinogen were assessed. Logistic regression models were fitted for each biomarker alone and in combination. Receiver operating characteristics‐area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) and partial AUCs in the 90%‐100% specificity range were determined.ResultsIn all, 89 premenopausal and 185 postmenopausal women were included. In premenopausal women, no biomarker(s) outperformed CA 125 (AUC 0.73; 95% CI 0.63–0.84). In postmenopausal women, HE4 had a partial AUC (pAUC) of 0.71 (95% CI 0.64–0.79) compared with 0.57 (95% CI 0.51–0.69) for CA 125 (p = 0.009). HE4 + D‐dimer had an improved pAUC of 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.81, p < 0.001) and HE4 + D‐dimer + fibrinogen had a pAUC of 0.75 (95% CI 0.68–0.82).ConclusionsA novel biomarker panel of HE4 ± D‐dimer ± fibrinogen outperformed CA 125 alone as a high‐specificity biomarker in postmenopausal women and could aid in the preoperative triaging of pelvic masses. No biomarker(s) outperformed CA 125 in premenopausal women.
Biased estimation with shared parameter models in the presence of competing dropout mechanisms
Authors: Vonesh Edward F. , Greene Tom 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, Thomadakis et al. quantified potential sources of bias that can occur when shared parameter (SP) models are used to jointly model longitudinal trends of a biomarker over time (e.g., a slope) and time‐to‐dropout in an effort to address concerns over possible informative censoring. Although SP models induce no bias under a missingness completely at random dropout mechanism, the authors demonstrate that bias can occur under a missingness at random (MAR) dropout mechanism wherein dropout depends on the observed biomarker data. To address this, the authors propose including the most recent observed marker value within the hazard function for the time‐to‐dropout portion of an SP model. They demonstrate via a limited simulation that the proposed model minimizes bias under a specific MAR dropout mechanism and a specific missingness not‐at‐random dropout mechanism. In the present article, we compare and contrast their work with that of previous authors by illustrating via simulation and an example the degree of bias or lack thereof that can occur when applying SP models, particularly, in the presence of competing dropout mechanisms. We propose the use of a competing risk SP model as a means to minimize bias whenever competing dropout mechanisms are suspected assuming the competing mechanisms result from distinct observable causes of dropout.
Are there gender differences in blood oxygen saturation in prepubertal children?
Authors: Frimer Zev , Goldberg Shmuel , Joseph Leon , Picard Elie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies reported higher oxygen saturation (SpO2) in healthy young adult females as compared to males. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether or not similar differences exist in prepubertal children.MethodsSpO2 levels, respiratory rate, and pulse were measured in 4‐ to 10‐year‐old males and females. Anthropometric variables, including ethnic origin, age, height, weight, BMI (Body Mass Index), BSA (Body Surface Area), barometric pressure, and altitude above sea level were collected as well.ResultsNinety five males and 93 females participated in the study. Groups were similar, in terms of respiratory rate, pulse, and anthropometric variables. Mean SpO2 in males was 96.95 ± 1.09%, similar to SpO2 in females measuring 96.85 ± 0.98%, P = .52.ConclusionIn contrast to young adults, there is no gender‐related difference in mean oxygen saturation in prepubertal healthy children. It is likely that this difference is due to variations in age‐related sex hormones. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism explaining why prepubertal children do not show gender‐specific differences in oxygen saturation in contrast to adults.
Critically evaluating sweet taste receptor expression and signaling through a molecular pharmacology lens
Authors: Smith Nicola J. , Grant Jennifer N. , Moon Justin I. , So Sean S. , Finch Angela M. 
Published: February 2021

The class C G protein‐coupled sweet taste receptor (STR) is responsible for the perception of sweet‐tasting molecules. Considered an obligate heterodimer, it consists of taste 1 receptor 2 and taste 1 receptor 3 subunits. Interest in the STR has steadily grown, especially since its discovery in extraoral tissues hints at a metabolic role for the receptor. It is now known that many pharmacologically exploitable binding sites exist across the extracellular and transmembrane regions of both subunits of the STR, indicative of its potential amenability to pharmacotherapeutic modulation. In this review, we briefly describe the structural characteristics and functional relevance of the STR. Then, from a molecular pharmacology perspective, we dissect the research surrounding the regulation of STR surface expression and signal transduction, in both oral and extraoral tissues, and discuss the potential for the exploitation of biased agonists for the STR. We find that despite 20 years of research into the STR, the target remains frustratingly enigmatic. Not only are the mechanisms controlling and regulating the surface expression of the STR unclear, but also research into the full repertoire of signaling partners of the STR is at present inconclusive. Critically, the influence of receptor polymorphisms (including those associated with sugar consumption) on the molecular pharmacology of the receptor remains hitherto unexplored. Finally, we provide recommendations on the reporting of reference sequence identification numbers to avoid incorrect attribution of wild‐type to these biologically significant polymorphisms, which we argue may have led to some of the inconsistencies in the field.
Colitis‐associated colorectal adenocarcinomas frequently express claudin 18 isoform 2: implications for claudin 18.2 monoclonal antibody therapy
Authors: Iwaya Mai , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Matsuda Kazuyuki , Kinugawa Yasuhiro , Tobe Yosuke , Tateishi Yoko , Iwaya Yugo , Uehara Takeshi , Ota Hiroyoshi 
Published: February 2021

AimsClaudin 18 (CLDN18) is a member of the claudin family of cell surface proteins, which are widely expressed in epithelial cells and play a role in cell–cell adhesion. CLDN18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) is specifically expressed in gastric epithelial cells, and is frequently expressed at high levels in gastric adenocarcinoma. On the basis of this, zolbetuximab, a targeted monoclonal antibody, has been developed for patients with CLDN18.2‐positive gastro‐oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Colitis‐associated colorectal adenocarcinomas (CACs) tend to lose intestinal markers and show aberrant gastric mucin expression. Furthermore, clinical trials of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitor therapy for colorectal carcinoma are ongoing. However, the expression profile of CLDN18.2 and HER2 has not been described in a series of human CACs.Methods and resultsWe performed immunohistochemistry for CLDN18 and HER2 on 56 consecutive CACs from 55 inflammatory bowel disease patients, and compared the expression profile with that of a control group of 56 sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs). CLDN18.1 expression and CLDN18.2 expression were validated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in paraffin‐embedded CRC tissues. CLDN18 was positive in 27% (15/56) of CACs and in 5% (3/56) of sporadic CRCs (P = 0.004), and CLDN18‐positive CACs were more likely to have lymph node metastasis than CLDN18‐negative CACs (67% versus 36%; P = 0.017). CLDN18 expression was significantly associated with MUC5AC expression (P < 0.001) and loss of special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 2 expression (P = 0.005) in CACs. CLDN18.2 was expressed in CRCs that were immunoreactive for CLDN18. Only 4% of CACs were immunoreactive for HER2, and no differences were identified in sporadic CRCs.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that certain CAC cases may be candidates for targeted zolbetuximab therapy.
Septic shock: Clinical indicators and implications to critical patient care
Authors: Ramos Corrêa Pinto Luciana , Azzolin Karina de Oliveira , Lucena Amália de Fátima , Moretti Miriane M. S. , Haas Jaqueline S. , Moraes Rafael B. , Friedman Gilberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectiveTo identify clinical indicators of septic shock in critical care patients.BackgroundThe identification of clinical indicators of septic shock is relevant to avoid clinical deterioration of patients with sepsis. However, the recognition of these factors, especially by the nursing team, is still deficient and reinforces the need for studies that investigate the subject in different realities such as that of Brazil.DesignThe study had a cross‐sectional design based on STROBE guidelines (see Appendix S1).MethodsA sample of 392 patients with sepsis or septic shock was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of a Brazilian university hospital. Data were collected from medical records of the Intrahospital Sepsis Combat Program referring to patients admitted between January 2018–January 2019. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, as well as information on the time from diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock to initiation of antibiotic therapy, length of stay, and discharge or death outcomes. Data were statically analysed.ResultsOut of the total sample, 190 (49%) patients were admitted with septic shock. Clinical indicators of septic shock were hypotension, mechanical ventilation, lactate levels between 2.0–3.9 or >4, hypothermia <36°C, radiotherapy‐associated chemotherapy, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score >3 and admittance through the emergency unit. Among patients with septic shock, 85 (44.7%) were discharged and 105 (55.2%) died in the intensive care unit.ConclusionsPatients with septic shock presented hyperlactataemia and greater organic dysfunction as clinical indicators when compared to patients with sepsis. Mechanical ventilation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy increased the risk of developing septic shock.Relevance to clinical practiceOur results can support the nursing team by providing the main clinical indicators of septic shock and contributing to the interprofessional team in the prevention of septic shock.
Risk factors for leg ulceration in people who inject drugs: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Coull Alison F. , Kyle Richard G. , Hanson Coral L. , Watterson Andrew E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess, for the first time in a hard‐to‐reach population, the risk factors for leg ulceration among PWID, with the objective of making improvements to prevention and care.BackgroundAn estimated 4.8 million people globally inject drugs with potential for injecting‐related harm. Skin and vein damage associated with drug injecting is increasing. Leg ulceration is a chronic condition which in the UK has a prevalence of 15% among people who have injected drugs (PWID) compared with 1% in the general population. Glasgow has the highest rate of problematic drug use in Scotland with approximately 13,900 individuals, about 50% of whom are thought to inject. However, the reasons for high prevalence of leg ulceration among PWID are unknown. To support improvements in prevention and care, the dearth of evidence around risk factors for leg ulceration in PWID needs to be addressed.DesignA cross‐sectional survey of 200 current and former injectors recruited from drug services in Glasgow, Scotland, to measure skin problems, leg ulceration and injecting habits is reported following STROBE guidelines. Logistic regression modelling examined whether demographics and injecting habits predicted leg ulceration.ResultsThe likelihood of leg ulceration was increased for those who injected in the groin and the leg. Additionally, injecting in the groin and leg were associated with having a DVT.ConclusionThe primary risk factors for leg ulceration in PWID are injecting in the groin and the legs and these are clinically linked to deep vein thrombosis. Injecting into the femoral vein is increasingly common practice for PWID and healthcare practitioners should advise injectors of the increased risk of leg ulceration and DVT and discourage injecting into these areas.
Problems people with spinal cord injury experience accessing help with bowel care when hospitalised outside a specialist spinal injury service
Authors: Pryor Julie , Haylen Denise , Fisher Murray 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the nature of problems experienced by people with spinal cord injury (SCI) when accessing help to maintain recommended bowel regimes while hospitalised outside a specialist spinal injury service.BackgroundBowel dysfunction is one particularly undesirable aspect of life with a SCI, with constipation and incontinence common.DesignDescriptive qualitative.MethodsAccounts of problems encountered in hospitals in New South Wales Australia collected during interviews with 11 people living with SCI and 12 responses provided by spinal clinicians via an online survey were subjected to thematic analysis. The COREQ guidelines were followed for reporting.ResultsThere were similarities across data collected from both sources. Individuals with SCI described instances where their bowel care needs did not fit with the pace and processes in acute hospitals. The clinician data pointed to a failure of healthcare professionals to assist people with SCI to maintain bowel care regimes recommended by specialist spinal services. Both groups described times when bowel care received was unreliable and fragmented, along with reports of staff who were unwilling and/or unable to provide the assistance required. Many and varied physical and psychosocial repercussions for individuals were associated with these system failures. In some instances, rather than restoring health, being admitted to hospital represented a significant health risk.ConclusionA failure of hospital systems to meet the bowel care needs of people with SCI when hospitalised outside a specialist spinal unit was identified. System and individual factors contributed to these problems, hence addressing them requires both system and individual responses.Relevance to clinical practiceIf this problem is left unaddressed, the health and quality of life of people with SCI will continue to be compromised. Nursing scope of practice needs to be clarified and communicated to nurses outside specialist spinal injury units in relation to their role in maintaining bowel care regimes recommended for their patients by spinal specialists, and nurses need to ensure they possess the skills required. To allocate the time needed to provide this care, individual nurses need the support of the whole nursing team, including managers who are prepared to arrange additional staff when needed.
Adopting otitis media practice guidelines increases adherence within a large primary care network
Authors: Bradley Mikaela , Bacharouch Ali , Hart‐Johnson Tamera , Burrows Heather L , Blackwood R Alexander 
Published: February 2021

AimUnnecessary antibiotic prescriptions to treat otitis media (OM) contribute to adverse drug reactions, increased cost and antibiotic resistance. Clinical care guidelines can help promote consistent treatment of conditions such as OM. This study evaluates adherence before and after implementation of an institutional guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of paediatric OM.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed to collect encounter information for paediatric patients seen within a primary care clinic network and diagnosed with OM before and after full implementation of a clinical care guideline. Patient cohorts from 2013 and 2016 were compared to determine which factors, including age, symptoms and diagnosis, were associated with treatment guideline adherence.ResultsComparison of encounters from 2013 (n = 418) to 2016 (n = 635) revealed a significant difference in adherence to the 2013 Michigan Medicine Otitis Media Guideline. Overall adherence increased from 61.2% in 2013 to 70.6% in 2016 (χ2 = 9.85, P < 0.0017). Antibiotic use for acute OM decreased from 99.7% in 2013 to 96.7% in 2016 (χ2 = 10.04, P = 0.0015). Antibiotic prescriptions for OM with effusion decreased significantly from 42.9% in 2013 to 17.4% in 2016 (χ2 = 11.93, P < 0.0006).ConclusionImplementation of an institutional OM clinical practice guideline contributed to a significant increase in overall treatment adherence of OM for paediatric patients between the 2013 and 2016 cohorts. The number of antibiotic prescriptions for paediatric patients diagnosed with acute OM or OM with effusion significantly decreased from 2013 to 2016.