bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Pro und contra Milzpunktion“ oder besser „wann und wann nicht?“
Authors: Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Dietrich Christoph F. , Görg Christian , Bleyl Tobias , Alhyari Amjad , Ignee Andre , Jenssen Christian , Trenker Corinna 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der relativ hohen Komplikationsrate wird die Notwendigkeit einer Milzbiopsie kontrovers diskutiert. Bei der Indikationsstellung sind der klinische Hintergrund und die bereits erfolgte Diagnostik zu berücksichtigen. Anhand der Anamnese, der bildgebenden Verfahren und des sonografischen Verlaufs sind unterschiedliche klinische Szenarien vorstellbar. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Indikation einer Milzbiopsie unter Beachtung unterschiedlicher klinischer Szenarien zu beschreiben.
Comparative Study between Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Posterolateral Fusion for Treatment of Spondylolisthesis: Clinical Outcomes and Spino-Pelvic Sagittal Balance Parameters
Authors: Farrokhi Majid Reza , Eghbal Keyvan , Mousavi Seyed Reza , Moumani Mustafa , Bazyari Khshayar , chaurasia Bipin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective This retrospective study aims to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of posterolateral fusion (PLF) with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF + PLF) for the treatment of patients with low-grade spondylolisthesis.
Methodology A total of 77 adult patients ≥18 years with low-grade spondylolisthesis, Meyerding grades I and II, were assigned into two groups: 36 patients treated with PLF and 41 patients treated with TLIF + PLF. The PLF group is composed of the patients that were operated with pedicle screw and the TLIF + PLF group is composed of the ones that were operated with fixation and TILF by autografting. Clinical evaluation was performed using the spino-pelvic sagittal balance, Numeric Rating Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, blood loss, operation times, and postoperative hospital stay of the PLF vs TLIF groups. The incidences of postoperative low back pain and radicular pain in the two groups were also recorded. Radiography was performed preoperatively and postoperatively to assess spino-pelvic parameters.
Results Significant restoration of spino-pelvic sagittal balance was observed in the TLIF group after surgery, and all spino-pelvic sagittal balance parameters showed significant improvement in the TLIF group after surgery, while in the PLF group, all spino-pelvic sagittal parameters had improved except the segmental angle lordosis (p = 0.316), which showed no significant difference after surgery in the PLF group. Postoperative pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt significantly improved in the TLIF group in comparison to PLF groups. Hence, TLIF can achieve better postoperative spino-pelvic sagittal balance parameters than PLF. There was no difference in the complication rates for each group. Both groups achieved significant improvement in postoperative clinical outcomes, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative low back pain or radicular pain between the two groups.
Conclusion Both surgical procedures PLF and TLIF were effective. PLF and TLIF can result in improved clinical and radiological outcomes for patients treated for low-grade spondylolisthesis. TLIF can achieve better restoration of spino-pelvic sagittal balance parameters than PLF alone.
‘People Consider Us Devils’: Exploring Patterns of Exclusion Facing Adolescents with Disabilities in Ethiopia
Authors: Jones Nicola , Seager Jennifer , Yadete Workneh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe 2030 Sustainable Development Goals’ call to ‘leave no one behind’ has helped to highlight the importance of investing in inclusive services for persons with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Evidence on the experiences of young Ethiopians with disabilities remains weak. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from 2017 to 2018, this article explores the educational, bodily integrity and psychosocial outcomes of adolescents with different impairment types (visual, hearing and physical) in rural and urban communities. Our findings indicate that young people with disabilities face intersecting barriers to inclusive education, heightened vulnerability to gender- and age-based violence, and increased psychosocial distress compared to peers without disabilities. Implications of these findings for policy and programming, include: the pressing need for specialised training and mentoring of education and other service providers; investments in support networks for parents of adolescents with disabilities; and strengthening of disability-inclusive social protection and referral mechanisms.
Optically transparent antenna based on carrier-doped three-layer stacked graphene
Authors: Kosuga Shohei , Nagata Shunichiro , Kuromatsu Sho , Suga Ryosuke , Watanabe Takeshi , Hashimoto Osamu , Koh Shinji 
Published: March 2021

We fabricated an optically transparent monopole antenna using graphene film and investigated the feasibility of the film as an electrode material for antennas. A low sheet resistance (80 Ω/sq) was attained by stacking the graphene films and carrier doping with an ionic liquid. The optical transmittance of the carrier-doped three-layer stacked graphene film was greater than 90%, enabling it to be embedded in highly transparent objects without altering their landscape. Using the monopole antenna structure with a metal ground plane, we measured the reflection and radiation characteristics of the graphene monopole antenna, excluding the contribution from the power feeding components. The radiation efficiency of the graphene monopole antenna, which was measured by the Wheeler cap method, was determined to be 52.5% at 9.8 GHz. Through the measurements of the graphene monopole antenna, we demonstrated that the carrier-doped three-layer stacked graphene film can be used as an electrode material for optically transparent antennas.
Mad dephosphorylation at the nuclear pore is essential for asymmetric stem cell division
Authors: Sardi Justin , Bener Muhammed Burak , Simao Taylor , Descoteaux Abigail E. , Slepchenko Boris M. , Inaba Mayu 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Stem cells often divide into two different cell types: stem cells and differentiating cells. This phenomenon, called “asymmetric cell division,” is important for balancing the number of these two cell populations. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylated Mad (pMad), the immediate downstream molecule of the niche signal, is asymmetrically partitioned within a dividing stem cell before the completion of cytokinesis. We identified a known Mad phosphatase, Dullard, as an essential factor for this process. Mathematical modeling recapitulates high sensitivity of the ratio of pMad levels to the Mad phosphatase activity and explains how the early asymmetry arises in a shared cytoplasm.
The producer benefits of implicit fossil fuel subsidies in the United States
Authors: Kotchen Matthew J. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThere are real and substantial financial implications to fossil fuel producers of policies that seek to correct market failures brought about by climate change, adverse health effects from local pollution, and inefficient transportation. The producer benefits of the existing policy regime in the United States are estimated at $62 billion annually during normal economic conditions. This translates into large amounts for individual companies due to the relatively small number of fossil fuel producers. This paper provides company-specific estimates, and these numbers clarify why many in the fossil fuel industry oppose more efficient regulatory reform; they may also shape the way policymakers view the prospects for additional subsidies going forward.
CMT2N-causing aminoacylation domain mutants enable Nrp1 interaction with AlaRS
Authors: Sun Litao , Wei Na , Kuhle Bernhard , Blocquel David , Novick Scott , Matuszek Zaneta , Zhou Huihao , He Weiwei , Zhang Jingjing , Weber Thomas , Horvath Rita , Latour Philippe , Pan Tao , Schimmel Paul , Griffin Patrick R. , Yang Xiang-Lei 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a devastating motor and sensory neuropathy with an estimated 100,000 afflicted individuals in the US. Unexpectedly, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are the largest disease-associated protein family. A natural explanation is that the disease is associated with weak translation or mistranslation (caused by editing defects). However, our results with six different disease-causing mutants in AlaRS ruled out defects in aminoacylation or editing as causal factors. Instead, specific mutant proteins gained a neuropilin 1 (Nrp1)-AlaRS interaction. Previously a gain of Nrp1 interaction with a different disease-causing tRNA synthetase was mechanistically linked to the pathology of CMT. Thus, our results raise the possibility that pathological engagement of Nrp1 is common to at least a subset of tRNA synthetase-associated cases of CMT.
A synthesis of health benefits of natural sounds and their distribution in national parks
Authors: Buxton Rachel T. , Pearson Amber L. , Allou Claudia , Fristrup Kurt , Wittemyer George 
Published: March 2021

Significance
This study examines evidence of the health benefits of natural soundscapes and quantifies the prevalence of restorative acoustic environments in national parks across the United States. The results affirm that natural sounds improve health, increase positive affect, and lower stress and annoyance. Also, analyses reveal many national park sites with a high abundance of natural sound and low anthropogenic sound. Raising awareness of natural soundscapes at national parks provides opportunities to enhance visitor health outcomes. Despite more abundant anthropogenic sound, urban and frequently visited sites offered exposure to natural sounds associated with health benefits, making them a valuable target for soundscape mitigation. Our analysis can inform spatial planning that focuses on managing natural soundscapes to enhance human health and experiences.
Public data from three US states provide new insights into well integrity
Authors: Lackey Greg , Rajaram Harihar , Bolander James , Sherwood Owen A. , Ryan Joseph N. , Shih Chung Yan , Bromhal Grant S. , Dilmore Robert M. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
There are over 900,000 active oil and gas wells in the United States. Estimates of the percentage of these wells that leak during their lifetime have been limited by data availability. We mined publicly available records from state regulatory databases and synthesized the results of various well testing methods into a uniform dataset that describes the integrity of 105,031 wells. Our analysis of the dataset provides insight into regional well leakage frequencies in three US states (Colorado, New Mexico, and Pennsylvania), spatial and temporal leakage trends among vertical and directional wells, and the characteristics of leaked fluids. Our findings demonstrate the value of statewide well testing programs and highlight the challenges of interpreting disparate interjurisdictional well testing data.
Invasiveness is linked to greater commercial success in the global pet trade
Authors: Gippet Jérôme M. W. , Bertelsmeier Cleo 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThe global pet trade may accelerate the spread of invasive species around the world, which threatens native biodiversity and impacts human economy and health. Here, using an extensive metaanalysis, we show that invasive species are strongly overrepresented across mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish traded as pets. Even in the emergent trade of ants as pets, which is too recent to be responsible for any invasions yet, we found an overrepresentation of invasive species. This indicates that the pet trade not only creates opportunities for invasions, but that it favors specifically invasive species. These findings call for the rapid implementation of strict international regulations of the trade in animals as pets.
CODY enables quantitatively spatiotemporal predictions on in vivo gut microbial variability induced by diet intervention
Authors: Geng Jun , Ji Boyang , Li Gang , López-Isunza Felipe , Nielsen Jens 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceQuantitatively understanding and predicting spatiotemporal dynamics of microbiota is imperative for development of tailored microbiome-directed therapeutics treatments. However, the complexity of microbial variations, due to interactions with the host, other microbes, and environmental factors, makes it challenging to identify how microbiota colonize in the human gut. Here, we describe a novel multiscale framework for COmputing the DYnamics of the gut microbiota (CODY), which enables the quantification of spatiotemporal-specific variations of gut microbiome abundance profiles, without a prior knowledge of microbiome interactions. Importantly, the predictive power of CODY is demonstrated using cross-sectional data from two longitudinal metagenomics studies—the microbiota development during early infancy and during short-term diet intervention of obese adults.
Free-energy changes of bacteriorhodopsin point mutants measured by single-molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Jacobson David R. , Perkins Thomas T. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Membrane proteins are of great biological and biomedical interest; they constitute 30% of encoded proteins and are the targets of ∼50% of drugs. Measurements of membrane protein energetics by mutating individual amino acids provide information that cannot be obtained from structural studies alone. Traditional thermodynamic assays employ chemical denaturants and nonnative micelles that imperfectly reflect the biologically relevant conditions of the native lipid bilayer. Additionally, chemical denaturation is not thermodynamically reversible for many proteins, limiting its scope. Here, we present a different approach that is based on the mechanical unfolding of individual membrane proteins. Our method yields precise energetic characterization of membrane protein point mutants embedded in their native lipid bilayer without introducing confounding denaturant interactions or requiring global reversibility.
Functional monovalency amplifies the pathogenicity of anti-MuSK IgG4 in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Vergoossen Dana L. E. , Plomp Jaap J. , Gstöttner Christoph , Fillié-Grijpma Yvonne E. , Augustinus Roy , Verpalen Robyn , Wuhrer Manfred , Parren Paul W. H. I. , Dominguez-Vega Elena , van der Maarel Silvère M. , Verschuuren Jan J. , Huijbers Maartje G. 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceAn expanding group of autoimmune diseases is now recognized to be hallmarked by pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies. IgG4 has the unique ability to exchange Fab-arms, rendering it bispecific and functionally monovalent. Here we show that autoantibody functional monovalency significantly amplifies the pathogenicity of IgG4 autoantibodies using patient-derived monoclonal antibodies in an in vivo model of MuSK myasthenia gravis. Therefore, subclass switching to predominant IgG4 autoantibodies is a critical step in the development of MuSK myasthenia gravis. This new mechanism in autoimmunity is also potentially relevant to 29 other IgG4-mediated autoimmune diseases known to date, allergy and other disease settings where IgG4 antibodies contribute to pathology.
Paxbp1 controls a key checkpoint for cell growth and survival during early activation of quiescent muscle satellite cells
Authors: Zhou Shaopu , Han Lifang , Weng Mingxi , Zhu Han , Heng Youshan , Wang Gang , Shen Zeyu , Chen Xianwei , Fu Xinrong , Zhang Mingjie , Wu Zhenguo 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThis work investigated the in vivo role of Paxbp1, a poorly studied nuclear protein, in regulating adult mouse muscle stem cells (MuSCs). By deletingPaxbp1in adult mouse quiescent MuSCs, we found thatPaxbp1-null MuSCs were unable to reenter the cell cycle to proliferate upon muscle injury and subsequently underwent apoptosis, resulting in a total failure in injury-induced muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, we found that Paxbp1 controls a late cell-growth checkpoint by targeting mTORC1. Loss ofPaxbp1in MuSCs led to increased levels of reactive oxygen species that in turn triggered p53 activation and induction of multiple p53 target genes, some of which contributed to cell-cycle arrest (e.g.,Cdkn1a), apoptosis (e.g.,Apaf1), and impaired mTORC1 signaling (e.g.,Sesn2andDdit4).
Supercell tornadoes are much stronger and wider than damage-based ratings indicate
Authors: Wurman Joshua , Kosiba Karen , White Trevor , Robinson Paul 
Published: March 2021

Significance
This study documents the actual distribution of supercell-tornado wind intensities and sizes, revealing that most are much stronger than damage surveys indicate, with >20% of tornadoes potentially capable of causing catastrophic EF-4/EF-5 damage. Additionally, supercell tornadoes are shown to be much wider than damage surveys indicate. These results are significant for tornado science, tornado risk quantification and mitigation, and design for more resilient communities. We also present meaningful comparisons of the distribution of actually observed tornado intensities and sizes with theoretical predictions, which is significant for basic tornado science.
GFAP hyperpalmitoylation exacerbates astrogliosis and neurodegenerative pathology in PPT1-deficient mice
Authors: Yuan Wei , Lu Liaoxun , Rao Muding , Huang Yang , Liu Chun-e , Liu Shuang , Zhao Yue , Liu Huicong , Zhu Jiangli , Chao Tianzhu , Wu Can , Ren Junyan , Lv Luxian , Li Wenqiang , Qi Shiqian , Liang Yinming , Yue Shijing , Gao Jian , Zhang Zhongjian , Kong Eryan 
Published: March 2021

Significance
This study reports that the intermediate filament protein GFAP is modified with protein palmitoylation. Increased GFAP expression and palmitoylation is involved in astrocyte proliferation and astrogliosis. We demonstrate that GFAP palmitoylation is regulated by PPT1, a palmitoylprotein thioesterase linked to a childhood neurodegenerative disorder, infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. A palmitoylation-defective mutant of GFAP attenuates astrogliosis and the concurrent pathology in a loss-of-function PPT1 mouse. We conclude that accumulation of palmitoylated GFAP contributes to the pathogenesis of astrogliosis and neurodegeneration, suggesting that targeting the modified cysteine in GFAP may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and other neurodegenerative disorders.
The rotational and divergent components of atmospheric circulation on tidally locked planets
Authors: Hammond Mark , Lewis Neil T. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Tidally locked exoplanets have a permanent day side and night side. Understanding the atmospheric circulation on these planets is crucial for interpreting telescope observations and assessing their habitability. We show that the main components of the circulation—a jet going around the planet, stationary atmospheric waves, and direct flow from the day side to the night side—can be separated using a simple mathematical decomposition. This decomposition will significantly aid future study of tidally locked atmospheres. As an illustration, we use it to quantify heat transport due to different components of the circulation. This analysis reveals that the direct day–night component can dominate heat transport from the day side to the night side, even when the jet is strong.
Activated nanoscale actin-binding domain motion in the catenin–cadherin complex revealed by neutron spin echo spectroscopy
Authors: Farago Bela , Nicholl Iain D. , Wang Shen , Cheng Xiaolin , Callaway David J. E. , Bu Zimei 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Mechanical force affects fundamental processes in biology like cell adhesion, tissue morphogenesis, and tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms by which cells utilize their protein machineries to sense and transduce mechanical forces remain to be elucidated. This study describes the application of neutron spin echo spectroscopy to reveal the activation of nanoscale motions of the actin-binding domain in the cadherin–catenin complex. The activated domain motion and an ensemble of domain configurations adopted by the mechanosensory actin-binding domain suggest the formation of an entropic trap in the cadherin–catenin complex. We hypothesize that mechanical tension facilitates the reduction in entropy of a mechanosensitive protein and thereby focuses the configuration space to specific conformations that are competent to bind the moving actin microfilament.
Isolation and characterization ofHelicobacter suisfrom human stomach
Authors: Rimbara Emiko , Suzuki Masato , Matsui Hidenori , Nakamura Masahiko , Morimoto Misako , Sasakawa Chihiro , Masuda Hiroki , Nomura Sachiyo , Osaki Takako , Nagata Noriyo , Shibayama Keigo , Tokunaga Kengo 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceThis study directly demonstrates virulence-associated features ofHelicobacter suisinfection using isolates obtained from human stomachs.H. suisis the second-most-prevalentHelicobacterspecies in the human stomach, but diagnostic tests forHelicobacter pylorioften fail to diagnoseH. suis. H. suisdoes not have orthologs of either cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) or vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), two major virulence factors inH. pylori, suggesting that the molecular pathogenicity ofH. suisand clinical manifestations caused byH. suisinfection are different from those caused byH. pylori. This study paves the way for epidemiological research aimed at identifying the causal relationships betweenH. suisand gastric diseases and developing diagnostic methods.
Rich false memories of autobiographical events can be reversed
Authors: Oeberst Aileen , Wachendörfer Merle Madita , Imhoff Roland , Blank Hartmut 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceHuman memory is fallible and malleable. In forensic settings in particular, this poses a challenge because people may falsely remember events with legal implications that never actually happened. Despite an urgent need for remedies, however, research on whether and how rich false autobiographical memories can be reversed under realistic conditions (i.e., using reversal strategies that can be applied in real-world settings) is virtually nonexistent. The present study therefore not only replicates and extends previous demonstrations of false memories but, crucially, documents their reversibility after the fact: Employing two ecologically valid strategies, we show that rich but false autobiographical memories can mostly be undone. Importantly, reversal was specific to false memories (i.e., did not occur for true memories).
Early volatile depletion on planetesimals inferred from C–S systematics of iron meteorite parent bodies
Authors: Hirschmann Marc M. , Bergin Edwin A. , Blake Geoff A. , Ciesla Fred J. , Li Jie 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Habitable rocky worlds require a supply of essential volatile elements (C, H, N, and S). These are plentiful in early solar systems but depleted during processes leading to planet formation. Here, evidence for loss during differentiation of small precursor bodies (planetesimals) is derived from iron meteorites, which are samples of planetesimal cores. Reconstruction of the C and S contents of planetesimal cores indicates severe C depletions compared to inferred original planetesimal compositions. Modeling of depletion processes shows that preferential loss of C compared to S is transferred to cores during differentiation. Iron meteorites preserve evidence of a key devolatilization stage in the formation of habitable planets and suggest pervasive carbon loss is likely associated with the birth of terrestrial worlds.