bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroinvasion and neurotropism by SARS-CoV-2 variants in the K18-hACE2 mouse
Authors: Seehusen Frauke , Clark Jordan J. , Sharma Parul , Bentley Eleanor G , Kirby Adam , Subramaniam Krishanthi , Giuliani Sabina Wunderlin , Hughes Grant L. , Patterson Edward I. , Michael Benedict D. , Owen Andrew , Hiscox Julian A. , Stewart James P. , Kipar Anja 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not only affects the respiratory tract but also causes neurological symptoms such as loss of smell and taste, headache, fatigue or severe cerebrovascular complications. Using transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and pathomorphological features in the CNS following intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants, also after prior influenza A virus infection. Apart from Omicron, we found all variants to frequently spread to and within the CNS. Infection was restricted to neurons and appeared to spread from the olfactory bulb mainly in basally orientated regions in the brain and into the spinal cord, independent of ACE2 expression and without evidence of neuronal cell death, axonal damage or demyelination. However, microglial activation, microgliosis and a mild macrophage and T cell dominated inflammatory response was consistently observed, accompanied by apoptotic death of endothelial, microglial and immune cells, without their apparent infection. Microgliosis and immune cell apoptosis indicate a potential role of microglia for pathogenesis and viral effect in COVID-19 and possible impairment of neurological functions, especially in long COVID. These data may also be informative for the selection of therapeutic candidates, and broadly support investigation of agents with adequate penetration into relevant regions of the CNS.
β‐Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the bacterial growth and biofilm formation by supragingival plaque commensals
Authors: Dewake Nanae , Ma Xiangtao , Sato Kayo , Nakatsu Susumu , Yoshimura Kenji , Eshita Yoshiyuki , Fujinaka Hidetake , Yano Yoshitaka , Yoshinari Nobuo , Yoshida Akihiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstractβ‐Glycyrrhetinic acid (BGA) is a natural antibacterial agent. Previous studies reported that BGA has antibacterial effects against several bacteria. This study evaluated the effects of BGA on the regulation of supragingival plaque bacteria. First, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of BGA against oral bacteria were measured. Next, the minimum concentrations for inhibition of biofilm formation were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, possessing insoluble glucan synthesis abilities. The MICs of biofilm formation by these bacteria ranged from 1/8 to 2× MIC. Furthermore, the inhibition effects of BGA against the coaggregation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii were evaluated. BGA at 32 or 64 μg/mL inhibited the coaggregation of these bacteria after a 30 min incubation. Lastly, the inhibition effects of BGA against human supragingival plaque bacteria were evaluated. Human supragingival plaque samples were obtained from 12 healthy donors. The inhibition effects of BGA against biofilm formation by these plaque bacteria were evaluated. Of 12 samples, the biofilm formation by 11 was significantly attenuated by 128–256 μg/mL of BGA. The number of colony forming units in these biofilms was also significantly attenuated. In conclusion, it was revealed that BGA inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of bacteria, furthermore, the same effect was confirmed with supragingival plaque bacteria. BGA is a good candidate for a natural agent that prevents the outbreak and progression of periodontal disease because it suppresses not only the growth and biofilm formation of bacteria, but also the coaggregation of P. gingivalis with plaque bacteria.
A novel non‐invasive identification of genome editing mutants from insect exuviae
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Xiao , Li Jing , Wang Tong‐Xin , Yang Yi‐Nuo , Zhang Hai‐Kang , Zhou Meng , Kang Le , Wei Li‐Ya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the wide application of genome editing in insects, a simple and efficient identification method is urgently needed to meet the increasing demand for mutation detection. Here, taking migratory locusts as a model system, we developed a non‐invasive method to accurately identify genome‐edited mutants by using DNA from insect exuviae. We compared the quantity and quality of genomic DNA from exuviae in five instar hoppers and found that the 1st instar exuviae had the highest DNA yield and content, while the 3rd instar exuviae had the best quality. Consensus genotypes were identified from genomic DNA of hoppers at different developmental stages in the same individuals. Moreover, we demonstrated that the amplification products from DNA extracted from locust exuviae are the consensus sequences with those from the hemolymph and foreleg pre‐tarsus. Therefore, non‐invasive samples provide the same genotyping results as minimally invasive and invasive samples of the same individuals. Furthermore, this identification method that uses genomic DNA from exuviae can be used for early screening of positive genome‐edited individuals in each generation for adult crossing. In our study, the non‐invasive identification method was not only simpler and provided results earlier than existing methods, but also had a better reproducibility and accuracy. This non‐invasive identification approach using genomic DNA from exuviae can be adapted to meet the growing demand for genetic analysis and will find wide application in insect genome editing research.
Primär kutane T‐Zell‐Lymphome im Kindes‐ und Jugendalter
Authors: Wohlmuth‐Wieser Iris 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungPrimär kutane Lymphome sind extranodale T‐ oder B‐Zell‐Non‐Hodgkin‐Lymphome, die vorwiegend ältere Patienten betreffen, aber in allen Altersgruppen einschließlich der ersten Lebensjahre auftreten können. Die Diagnose kutaner Lymphome ist eine Herausforderung und erfordert einen hohen klinischen Verdacht sowie enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Dermatologen, pädiatrischen Onkologen und Pathologen. Generell müssen primär kutane Lymphome von sekundär kutanen Lymphomen, welche meist von nodalen oder extranodalen Lymphomen ausgehen, unterschieden werden. Die häufigsten primär kutanen Lymphome im Kindesalter sind T‐Zell Lymphome, wobei Mycosis fungoides das häufigste kutane T‐Zell‐Lymphom darstellt, gefolgt von CD30+ lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen. Während klinisch‐pathologische Merkmale kutaner Lymphome bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen ähnlich sind, gibt es wichtige Unterschiede bezüglich klinischer Präsentation, Diagnose und Behandlung. Die hypopigmentierte Variante der Mycosis fungoides scheint in der pädiatrischen Altersgruppe überrepräsentiert zu sein. Prognose und Behandlung der Mycosis fungoides sind stadienabhängig. Die Mehrheit der Kinder weist ein frühes Krankheitsstadium auf und spricht gut auf topische Kortikosteroide und Phototherapie an.
Effectiveness of a video‐based advance care planning intervention in hospitalized elderly patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lin Li‐Hwa , Cheng Hui‐Chuan , Chen Yu‐Chih , Chien Li‐Yin 
Published: April 2021

AimThis study aimed to develop a video‐based advance care planning intervention, and examine the effectiveness of the intervention on knowledge, behavioral intentions and advance directive signing among older patients admitted to a geriatric unit in Taiwan.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was carried out in two geriatric wards of a medical center in northern Taiwan, between June 2014 and June 2015. The participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 39) or control (n = 43) group. Participants in the intervention group watched a 5‐min video regarding advance care planning. The control group received usual care. Structured questionnaires on advance care planning knowledge and behavioral intentions were administered to both groups before and after the intervention. Advance directive signing was carried out until 2 weeks after hospital discharge through a chart review.ResultsThe intervention group showed a significantly higher advance care planning knowledge score and behavioral intention score than the control group post‐intervention. The rate of advance directive signing was 33.3% in the intervention group and 9.3% in the control group (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThis study showed the effectiveness of video‐based interventions in increasing advance care planning knowledge, behavioral intention and advance directive signing among hospitalized older patients. Geriatric wards could use our model to promote advance care planning among older patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 478–484.
Comparison of stereotactic body radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of propensity score studies
Authors: Eriguchi Takahisa , Takeda Atsuya , Tateishi Yudai , Tsurugai Yuichiro , Sanuki Naoko , Ebinuma Hirotoshi , Horita Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has shown excellent local control (LC), as has radiofrequency ablation (RFA). As no randomized controlled trial has compared SBRT and RFA for HCC, data from a propensity score matched study (PSMS) are valuable. However, the results varied greatly and depended on composing factors of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging (BCLC‐factors) adjusted. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review and meta‐analyses of the studies focusing on BCLC‐factors matching.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, the Cochrane database, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify studies comparing RFA and SBRT using propensity scores. The hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and LC from BCLC‐factor‐matched and ‐unmatched PSMS were pooled. Heterogeneity between the data from these studies was assessed.ResultsThree BCLC‐factor‐matched studies were identified. Stereotactic body radiotherapy led to comparable OS (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.74–1.08; p = 0.24; I2 = 0%; p for heterogeneity, 0.56) and significantly better LC (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.30–0.51; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%; p for heterogeneity, 0.67). We also identified three additional BCLC‐factor‐unmatched studies (HR of OS, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.21–1.65; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%; p for heterogeneity, 0.63). However, considerable heterogeneity was observed for HR of OS between BCLC‐factor‐matched and ‐unmatched studies (I2 = 92.6%; p for heterogeneity, 0.0002).ConclusionsWhen BCLC‐factors were properly adjusted, the results of the meta‐analysis revealed equivalent OS and better LC for SBRT compared with RFA. Stereotactic body radiotherapy could be an alternative treatment option for HCC.
From Rana Plaza to COVID‐19: Deficiencies and opportunities for a new labour governance system in garment global supply chains
Authors: FRENKEL Stephen J. , SCHUESSLER Elke S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe 2013 Rana Plaza disaster highlighted the failure of labour regulation in global garment value chains. Eight years on, in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic, what changes have occurred in labour regulation and with what consequences for workers? Using the concept of a labour governance system (LGS), the authors show that, despite improvements in building and worker safety regulation, the garment LGS remains weak and wages, working hours and the treatment of workers show little improvement. The pandemic appears to have exacerbated these deficiencies but it may also offer an opportunity to strengthen the LGS along lines proposed in this article.
Adaptation and reliability of ‘Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Preschooler’ (NutriSTEP) for use as a parent administered questionnaire in New Zealand
Authors: Wham Carol , Edge Breanna , Kruger Rozanne 
Published: April 2021

AimTo adapt the validated Canadian Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Pre‐schooler (NutriSTEP), for use in New Zealand and test its reliability to identify nutrition risk in pre‐school children aged 2–5 years, as a parent administered questionnaire.MethodsAdaptations to the Canadian NutriSTEP were undertaken by three registered dietitians (expert review), followed by intercept interviews with pre‐schooler parents (n = 26). A second expert review was conducted to finalise the adaptions for online reliability testing. A further 79 pre‐schooler parents completed online administrations of the Canadian and adapted NutriSTEP tools, 4 weeks apart in a blinded manner. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to verify test–retest reliability between the administrations. Individual questionnaire items were verified for reliability between administrations through Cohen's κ statistic (κ), Pearson's χ2 value and Fisher's exact test.ResultsOnline administrations of the Canadian and adapted NutriSTEP tools were determined to be reliable (ICC = 0.91; P < 0.001). Between NutriSTEP administrations, 13 out of 17 questionnaire items had adequate (κ > 0.5) agreement, one item had excellent agreement (κ > 0.75) with a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between all items. Sensitivity for the adapted NutriSTEP was higher for pre‐schoolers at nutrition risk (31.6%) versus the Canadian version (20.3%). Risk items were highest for low intake of breads and cereals (58.2%), milk and milk products (51.9%), meat and meat alternatives (40.5%), child controlling the amount consumed (35.4%) and vegetable intake (34.2%).ConclusionThe Canadian NutriSTEP and the adapted NutriSTEP were reliable between online administrations when completed by parents in the community. The adapted NutriSTEP identified an additional nine preschoolers at increased nutrition risk, demonstrating increased sensitivity in comparison to the Canadian NutriSTEP. Nutrition risk can be identified in early childhood to prevent the development of chronic disease. The adapted NutriSTEP should be considered for future use to identify preschoolers at increased nutrition risk and guide appropriate nutrition intervention.
Under pressure: Effects of instrumentation methods on fur seal pelt function
Authors: Nankey Paige , Filippi Nadine , Kuhn Carey E. , Dickerson Bobette , Liwanag Heather E. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTracking marine mammals with electronic devices enables researchers to better understand animal movements and at‐sea behavior. For pinnipeds, instruments are typically glued to the animal's hair, either directly to the pelage or via a fabric patch. These instruments are retrieved by cutting the pelage or cutting through the patch. The impact of these modifications to the pelage is presumed to be minimal and short‐lived, but this has never been explicitly investigated. This study examined effects of instrument attachment on northern fur seal pelts. To assess thermal consequences of instrumentation, we determined thermal resistance of pelts in water for instruments glued directly to the pelage or with a neoprene base. For each attachment method, we measured the pelt unmodified, with instrument attached, and with instrument removed. Using a hyperbaric chamber, we measured the extent to which water could penetrate the pelt's air layer during diving. Removing the tag by cutting the pelage reduced thermal function of the pelt in water and allowed more air to escape under pressure. In contrast, a neoprene patch better maintained the insulation in water and reduced air loss under pressure. Our results suggest the use of neoprene may reduce negative consequences of instrumentation in fur seals.
Impact of nursing care on lung functional residual capacity in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients
Authors: Burey Julien , Guitard Pierre‐Gildas , Girard Noémie , Cassiau Florence , Veber Benoît , Clavier Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe respiratory consequences of daily nursing care interventions in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are not clearly established.Aims and objectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of alveolar collapse analysis by the measurement of lung impedance distribution technique during nursing care in patients with ARDS.DesignProspective observational pilot physiologic study in a surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital including adult intubated patients with moderate‐to‐severe ARDS.MethodsEach patient was monitored for 12 hours using a chest impedance device. Daily care interventions studied were as follows: endotracheal suctioning, mouth care, bed‐bathing, and blood sampling. The primary endpoint was the variation in end‐expiratory lung impedance (reflecting functional residual capacity) before and 1, 5, 15, and 30 minutes after nursing care interventions. Data are presented as median (interquartile‐range).ResultsOne hundred and eight events were collected in 18 patients. Endotracheal suctioning (n = 42), mouth care (n = 26), and bed‐bathing (n = 23) induced a significant decrease in lung impedance after care: endotracheal suctioning (−40.0 [−53.8; −28.6]% at 1 minute [P < .001], −10.4 [−27.9; 1.8]% at 30 minutes [P = .03]; mouth care −17.9 [−45.4; −14.6]% at 1 minute [P < .001], −10.4 [−21.3; 3.4]% at 30 minutes [P = .01]; bed‐bathing −40.2 [−53.5; −14.3]% at 1 minute [P < .001], −10.6 [−36.4; 1.6]% at 30 minutes [P = .01]). Blood sampling (n = 17) did not induce significant changes in lung impedance.ConclusionsThe lung impedance distribution technique during nursing care appears feasible in the majority of patients with ARDS. Some daily nursing care in ARDS patients (including bed‐bathing and mouth care) resulted in a prolonged decrease in lung functional residual capacity and therefore could be associated with pulmonary de‐recruitment.Relevance to clinical practiceA caregiver who has to assess the functional residual capacity of these patients should probably be informed of the schedules of the nursing care interventions.
Can nursing educators learn to trust the world’s most trusted profession?
Authors: Darbyshire Philip , Thompson David R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNursing and nursing education face a paradox whereby the world's most trusted profession seems not to trust its own students and practitioners. Much of nursing education has adopted what has been memorably described as the ‘cop shit’ approach. This is the panoply of surveillance, anti‐plagiarism and proctoring technologies that appear to be used more for policing and punishment of an inherently dishonest student body than to develop ethical and scholarly writing among future peers and colleagues. Nurses in practice may experience similar levels of distrust as they face growing micromanagement and control of both their appearance and nursing practice. We propose that these practices of distrust emerge, not from malice, but rather from the omnipresent neoliberalism and managerialism that engulf almost every aspect of health and university life. Neoliberalism's success has been to reformat academia and practice to the point where such ingrained mistrust has become merely a neutral recognition of ‘the real world’. Dismantling nursing and education's ‘cop shit’ culture and replacing it with the trust and respect that the world's most trusted profession is accorded by wider society will not be easy, but it is vital for the future of nursing.
Keratoconus in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akowuah Prince Kwaku , Kobia‐Acquah Emmanuel , Donkor Richard , Adjei‐Anang Joseph , Ankamah‐Lomotey Stephen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this review is to evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with keratoconus in Africa.MethodA systematic online literature search was conducted for articles on keratoconus in Africa. Meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of keratoconus in Africa. The Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation was used to minimize the effects of studies with extremely high or low prevalence estimates on the overall pooled estimates. Leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of the pooled effects and potential outliers. Meta‐regression was performed to explore associations between keratoconus, gender and age.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the review; 5 from Egypt, 2 from South Africa, 2 from Kenya, 1 from Sudan, 1 from Ghana and 1 from Nigeria. Two studies were conducted in allergic conjunctivitis patients, 4 in keratoconus patients, 1 in contact lens service seekers, 1 in pre‐LASIK patients, 1 in refractive patients and 1 in a student population. Eight studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The overall prevalence estimate of keratoconus in Africa was 7.9% (95% CI: 2.5%–16.0%). The prevalence of keratoconus among males and females in Africa was estimated to be 9.3% (95% CI: 2.5%–19.5%) and 5.8% (95% CI: 1.5%–12.7%) respectively. The estimated prevalence of unilateral and bilateral keratoconus was 2.6% (95% CI: 0.4%–6.5%) and 5.8% (95% CI: 1.6%–12.3%), respectively. The estimated prevalence of mild keratoconus was 2.2% (95% CI: 0.7%–4.7%), moderate keratoconus was 3.5% (95% CI: 0.0%–11.8%) and severe keratoconus was 4.0% (95% CI: 0.0%–19.6%). There was no significant association between gender and the prevalence of keratoconus in Africa (p = 0.63), and age and the prevalence of keratoconus in Africa (p = 0.78).ConclusionThe estimated prevalence of keratoconus reported here is higher than prevalence values reported in other meta‐analyses or different geographical locations. This is mainly because studies included in this meta‐analysis were either conducted on a cohort at high risk of keratoconus or a population with high possibility of finding keratoconus patients. There is a dearth of well‐designed population‐based studies on keratoconus in Africa, resulting in a lack of epidemiological information. This highlights the urgent need for research on keratoconus in Africa.
Clinical Efficacy of Ruxolitinib Monotherapy and Haploidentical Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Child with Philadelphia Chromosome‐like Relapsed/Refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Bayram Nihan , Yaman Yöntem , Özdilli Kürşat , Telhan Leyla , Nepesov Serdar , Bilgen Hülya , Elli Murat , Behar Sude Sema , Anak Sema 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction(Ph‐like) ALL is a subset of leukemia which has a gene expression profile similar to Ph+disease, but without the presence of BCR‐ABL1 translocation.Case descriptionWe reported an exceptional case of a child with relapsed Ph‐like ALL with IKZF1 gene deletion treated with high‐dose ruxolitinib as monotherapy, after multi‐agent chemotherapy. He remains in continued MRD‐negative leukemia remission with full donor chimerism at 12 months post‐HSCT.DiscussionThe circumstance that makes our case featured is the usage of ruxolitinib as monotherapy. This report, we believe, is a pioneering report for a frequent disease with a high risk of failure for the outcome.