bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MHD mixed convection on an inclined stretching plate in Darcy porous medium with Soret effect and variable surface conditions
Authors: Mandal Bidyut , Bhattacharyya Krishnendu , Banerjee Astick , Kumar Verma Ajeet , Kumar Gautam Anil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work is concerned with a steady 2D laminar MHD mixed convective flow of an electrically conducting Newtonian fluid with low electrical conductivity along with heat and mass transfer on an isothermal stretching semi-infinite inclined plate embedded in a Darcy porous medium. Along with a strong uniform transverse external magnetic field, the Soret effect is considered. The temperature and concentration at the wall are varying with distance from the edge along the plate, but it is uniform at far away from the plate. The governing equations with necessary flow conditions are formulated under boundary layer approximations. Then a continuous group of symmetry transformations are employed to the governing equations and boundary conditions which determine a set of self-similar equations with necessary scaling laws. These equations are solved numerically and similar velocity, concentration, and temperature for various values of involved parameters are obtained and presented through graphs. The momentum boundary layer thickness becomes larger with increasing thermal and concentration buoyancy forces. The flow boundary layer thickness decreases with the angle of inclination of the stretching plate. The concentration increases considerably for larger values of the Soret number and it decreases with Lewis number. The skin friction coefficient increases for increasing angle of inclination of the plate, magnetic and porosity parameters, however it decreases for rise of thermal and solutal buoyancy parameters. In this double diffusive boundary layer flow, Nusselt and Sherweed numbers increase for rise of thermal and solutal buoyancy parameters, Prandtl number, but they behave opposite nature in case of angle of inclination of the plate, magnetic and porosity parameters. The Sherwood number increases for increasing Lewis number but it decreases for increasing Soret number.
Progress in construction of bio-inspired physico-antimicrobial surfaces
Authors: Luo Lihui , Zhou Ying , Xu Xiaoling , Shi Wanglin , Hu Jiahao , Li Guo , Qu Xi , Guo Yifan , Tian Xin , Zaman Ahsan , Hui David , Zhou Zuowan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Bacteria are widely distributed in the natural environment and the surfaces of objects, bringing about much trouble in our lives. Varies nanomaterials have been demonstrated good effect on killing microbe, but the consistency and stability seem to be improved. Recently, antibacterial effect on surfaces of some natural nanostructures was recognized, and more and more evidences were provided as a new type of bactericidal mechanism, the physical sterilization. The dragonfly and cicada wings have been found to possess the most exceptional antibacterial properties because of the specific nanostructure. Inspired by the biofunctions, researchers began to build a series of physico-antimicrobial surfaces on different materials to avoid the abuse of antibiotics and the environmental pollution of organic antibacterial agents. The physico-antimicrobial structure does not rely on chemical components, and a series of physico-antimicrobial models have been established. To deeply understand the physically bactericidal effect, this article reviews a series of natural and biomimetic physical antibacterial surfaces and makes reasonable expectations for the application of such composite materials in constructing physical antibacterial surfaces.
Degradable tough chitosan dressing for skin wound recovery
Authors: Kong Yan , Tang Xiaoxuan , Zhao Yahong , Chen Xiaoli , Yao Ke , Zhang Liling , Han Qi , Zhang Luzhong , Ling Jue , Wang Yongjun , Yang Yumin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe performance of wound dressing determines the effect of wound closure and recovery. Water absorption and bacteriostasis of wound dressings play an important role in wound recovery and healing. In this study, an optimized chitosan wound dressing-tough chitosan dressing (TCS) with high water absorption, high bacteriostasis, and degradability was developed. The chemical structure of chitosan remained stable during the process of optimized treatment, and an increase in mechanical properties was obtained for the dressing. After optimization, the water absorption and antibacterial properties of the chitosan dressing were greatly improved, which is significantly better than sodium alginate dressing. The authors believe that TCS dressing with high hygroscopicity and high bacteriostasis has great potential application value in the field of wound recovery and healing.
Application of nanomaterials in ultra-high performance concrete: A review
Authors: Liu Changjiang , He Xin , Deng Xiaowei , Wu Yuyou , Zheng Zhoulian , Liu Jian , Hui David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the recent decades, traditional concrete poses a great challenge to the modernization of the construction industry because of low tensile strength, poor toughness, and weak resistance to cracking. To overcome these problems, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with superior mechanical properties and durability is developed for broad application prospect in the future engineering construction. However, UHPC is less eco-friendly because it consumes more cement compared with the traditional concrete. The manufacturing of cement produces large amounts of carbon dioxide and therefore leads to the greenhouse effect. Nanomaterials consist of microstructural features that range from 0.1 to 100 nm in size, which exhibit the novel properties different from their bulk counterparts, including filling effect, surface activity, and environmental sustainability. This paper reviews the effect of various nanomaterials used in UHPC to partially replace the cement or as an additive on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and other properties of UHPC. In addition, the limitations and shortcomings of the current research are analyzed and summarized, and development directions are provided for future research on the application of nanomaterials in UHPC.
Advanced nickel nanoparticles technology: From synthesis to applications
Authors: Jaji Nuru-Deen , Lee Hooi Ling , Hussin Mohd Hazwan , Akil Hazizan Md , Zakaria Muhammad Razlan , Othman Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade, nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) have been investigated for various potential applications due to their superior ferromagnetic properties such as magneto-crystalline anisotropy, high coercive forces, and chemical stability. Therefore, there has been a tremendous enhancement in the synthesis techniques, proposed reaction mechanisms, and applications of NiNPs. This paper presents a recent overview of the synthesis, reaction mechanisms, and applications of NiNPs. NiNPs in the size range of 1–100 nm are synthesized by various methods for research and commercial applications. The synthesis techniques are classified into three main types, namely, top-down, bottom-up, and hybrids of top-down and bottom-up protocols including solvothermal, physical, and chemical approaches. The detailed reaction mechanisms in the formation of NiNPs, especially for biosynthesis techniques, are extensively described. Trends in NiNP applications in fields such as biomedical, catalysis, supercapacitors, and dye-sensitized solar cells are explored. The basic advantages and role of NiNPs as a catalyst for various reactions are illustrated here.
Analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite structures: A review
Authors: Zhang Hang , Gao Cong , Li Haichao , Pang Fuzhen , Zou Tongda , Wang Hongfu , Wang Na 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFunctionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) is a novel nanomaterial; the mechanical behavior of FG-CNRC has become a hot topic in the Materials Science and Engineering Science recently, thanks to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties after its fusion with matrix. In this paper, the review efforts for research progress on the modeling and analysis of FG-CNTRC structures are carried out. Firstly, the development background of FG-CNRC is presented, as well as some basic theories and main equations for mechanical analysis of FG-CNTRC structure. Then, the mechanical behaviors of FG-CNTRC beams, plates, and shells under loading conditions are comprehensively reviewed, with the emphasis on discussing the bending, buckling, and vibration behaviors of the structures. Finally, the future research orientation of the field is considered and prospected.
Cobalt magnetic nanoparticles as theranostics: Conceivable or forgettable?
Authors: Petrarca Claudia , Poma Anna Maria , Vecchiotti Giulia , Bernardini Giovanni , Niu Qiao , Cattaneo Anna Giulia , Di Gioacchino Mario , Sabbioni Enrico 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuperparamagnetic nanoparticles, exposed to an external variable magnetic field, undergo rapid excitation/relaxation. So-called soft magnets, typically iron-based, rapidly and completely relax when the magnetic field returns to zero. Instead, cobalt-based (CoB) hard magnets retain residual magnetization, a characteristic related with the procedure for nanoparticles (NPs) production. Many researchers are still attracted by the potential of CoB NPs for theranostics as multifaced signal probes for imaging, microrobots, enhanced thermo/radiation therapy, and drug release. Since iron oxide NPs are the only magnetic NPs approved for human use, they are of reference for analyzing the potential of the disregarded CoB NPs.In vitroobserved toxicity of CoB NPs, largely attributable to cobalt ions and other chemical species released by dissolution, excluded them from further investigations in humans. Nevertheless, experimental evidences documenting thein vivotoxicity of engineered CoB NPs remain very few. The surface functionalization adds newer properties and could improve the biocompatibility of NPs, critical for the clinical exploitation. In our opinion, it would be worth to further exploit the potential of finely tunable properties of CoB NPs inin vivosystems in order to establish a systematic database of properties and effects suitable for human application.
Study of the material engineering properties of high-density poly(ethylene)/perlite nanocomposite materials
Authors: Lapčík Lubomír , Vašina Martin , Lapčíková Barbora , Staněk Michal , Ovsík Martin , Murtaja Yousef 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper was focused on application of the perlite mineral as the filler for polymer nanocomposites in technical applications. A strong effect of the perlite nano-filler on high-density poly(ethylene) (HDPE) composites’ mechanical and thermal properties was found. Also found was an increase of the Young’s modulus of elasticity with the increasing filler concentration. Increased stiffness from the mechanical tensile testing was confirmed by the nondestructive vibrator testing as well. This was based on displacement transmissibility measurements by means of forced oscillation single-degree-of freedom method. Fracture toughness showed a decreasing trend with increasing perlite concentration, suggesting occurrence of the brittle fracture. Furthermore, ductile fracture processes were observed as well at higher filler concentrations by means of SEM analysis. There was also found relatively strong bonding between polymer chains and the filler particles by SEM imagining.
Single pulse laser removal of indium tin oxide film on glass and polyethylene terephthalate by nanosecond and femtosecond laser
Authors: Leong Chern Yang , Yap Seong Shan , Ong Guang Liang , Ong Teng Sian , Yap Seong Ling , Chin Yoong Tatt , Lee Siaw Foon , Tou Teck Yong , Nee Chen Hon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most important transparent conducting electrode to date and the candidate for ultrafast signal processing in telecommunication region. ITO is normally selectively removed in a multiple-steps process for device application. In this work, we aimed to study single pulse removal of ITO-coated glass and PET by using a nanosecond (ns) laser (266 nm) and a femtosecond (fs) laser (1,025 nm) where each process is dominated by either linear or nonlinear process. For ns laser, ITO was removed from PET substrate at 0.01 J/cm2. Detachment likely occurred via thermal-induced process because of the high absorption by both ITO and PET and the thermomechanical properties of PET. At higher laser fluence (∼0.04 J/cm2), the ITO films on both substrates were damaged, and at 1.34 J/cm2, ITO was ablated from the glass substrate. For fs laser removal via nonlinear process, ITO was removed from PET substrate at 0.3 J/cm2, but at 0.8 J/cm2, the PET substrate was also modified. ITO layer was partially removed from glass substrate by fs laser pulse at 0.3 J/cm2 and full removal only occurred at 1.7 J/cm2. Thus, the fluence range for single fs pulse removal of ITO/PET was 0.3–0.8 J/cm2 and >1.7 J/cm2 for ITO/glass.
Mechanical reinforcement with enhanced electrical and heat conduction of epoxy resin by polyaniline and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Tarawneh Mou’ad A. , Saraireh Sherin Abdelkader , Chen Ruey Shan , Ahmad Sahrim Hj , Al-Tarawni Musab A. M. , Yu Lih Jiun , Alsobhi Bahia Othman , Hui David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effects of polyaniline (PANI) incorporation (3 wt% of PANI) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) loading (0.1–0.7 wt%) on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance of epoxy matrix were investigated. The incorporation of 0.3 wt% GNPs optimally enhanced the bending strength, bending modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength (90 MPa, 1422 MPa, 63 MPa, 602 MPa, and 8.29 kJm−2, respectively). At 0.3 wt% GNPs, the hybridization effect optimally enhanced the glass transition behaviour of the epoxy nanocomposites. The electrical and thermal conductivities of epoxy were improved upon the inclusion of PANI, and this increase was further augmented when the GNPs content increased to 0.3 wt%. However, higher GNPs contents deteriorated the mechanical performance and electrical and heat conduction. Field emission scanning electron microscopy showed good filler distribution and effective interactions among the GNPs, PANI, and epoxy components with appropriate compositions.
High-efficiency method for recycling lithium from spent LiFePO4 cathode
Authors: Yan Tingting , Zhong Shengwen , Zhou Miaomiao , Guo Xiaoming , Hu Jingwei , Wang Fangfang , Zeng Fantao , Zuo Sicheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The extraction of Li from the spent LiFePO4 cathode is enhanced by the selective removal using interactions between HCl and NaClO to dissolve the Li+ ion while Fe and P are retained in the structure. Several parameters, including the effects of dosage and drop acceleration of HCl and NaClO, reaction time, reaction temperature, and solid–liquid ratio on lithium leaching, were tested. The Total yields of lithium can achieve 97% after extraction process that lithium is extracted from the precipitated mother liquor, using an appropriate extraction agent that is a mixture of P507 and TBP and NF. The method also significantly reduced the use of acid and alkali, and the economic benefit of recycling is improved. Changes in composition, morphology, and structure of the material in the dissolution process are characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution instrument, and moisture analysis.
Effect of the inner-surface baffles on the tangential acoustic mode in the cylindrical combustor
Authors: Duan Runze , Cao Yifan , Duan Hongbin , Tian Liang , Tian Liting , Du Cong , Liu Liansheng , Rong Nan , Li Tiansheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The combustion instability in a propulsion system is a ubiquitous problem. The radial baffles usually installed on the injector faceplate eliminate the combustion instability (acoustic pressure oscillation) in the propulsion system. In this article, the longitudinal baffles are installed on the inner surface of the combustor wall to control the combustion instabilities. The first-order and second-order tangential modes are induced in the experiments. The effects of the parameters of the baffle on the acoustic pressure oscillation in the cylindrical combustor are investigated. The effect of the combustor nozzle on the tangential modes has been systematically investigated. It is concluded that the eigen-frequency and amplitude of the first-order tangential mode decline with the increase in the longitudinal baffle number and height. For the second-order tangential mode, the eigen-frequency and amplitude monotonically increase until a maximum value (four baffles), subsequently decrease with the increase in the baffle number and height. The combustor without the nozzle obtains a lower frequency than that with the nozzle, especially for the low baffle height in the combustor.
Exact solutions of the Laplace fractional boundary value problems via natural decomposition method
Authors: Hajira  , Khan Hassan , Chu Yu-Ming , Shah Rasool , Baleanu Dumitru , Arif Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, exact solutions of some Laplace-type fractional boundary value problems (FBVPs) are investigated via natural decomposition method. The fractional derivatives are described within Caputo operator. The natural decomposition technique is applied for the first time to boundary value problems (BVPs) and found to be an excellent tool to solve the suggested problems. The graphical representation of the exact and derived results is presented to show the reliability of the suggested technique. The present study is mainly concerned with the approximate analytical solutions of some FBVPs. Moreover, the solution graphs have shown that the actual and approximate solutions are very closed to each other. The comparison of the proposed and variational iteration methods is done for integer-order problems. The comparison, support strong relationship between the results of the suggested techniques. The overall analysis and the results obtained have confirmed the effectiveness and the simple procedure of natural decomposition technique for obtaining the solution of BVPs.
Optimization of SCR inflow uniformity based on CFD simulation
Authors: Sun Ke , Zhao Haiyang , Zhao Kui , Li Da , Bai Shuzhan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The inflow uniformity before selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst carrier is a major issue for DeNO
x
capability of diesel engine after-treatment. Through the construction of the numerical model and CFD simulation of six perforated plate variations with different structural and positional characteristics, the influence of perforated plates on the uniformity of the airflow velocity at the inlet of the SCR catalyst carrier was analyzed. Comparison of different perforated plate variations shows that the encircling flow is a major hindrance to achieve higher inflow uniformity. Enclosed flow passage can remove the encircling flow and increase inflow uniformity at the cost of increased pressure drop. Rational layout of the perforated plate can achieve uniformity increase, while decrease pressure drop. High-velocity exhaust coupled with larger holes can improve both uniformity and pressure drop. The uniformity index increased from 97.6% of the original design to 98.7% of the optimized design, while pressure drop increased from 11.20 to 12.09 kPa. Weighing the relationship between inflow uniformity and pressure drop is an issue worthy of attention.
Actuators based on a controlled particle-matrix interaction in magnetic hybrid materials for applications in locomotion and manipulation systems
Authors: Chavez Jhohan , Böhm Valter , Becker Tatiana I. , Gast Simon , Zeidis Igor , Zimmermann Klaus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper deals with the investigation of magneto-sensitive elastomers (MSE) and their application in technical actuator systems. MSE consist of an elastic matrix containing suspended magnetically soft and/or hard particles. Additionally, they can also contain silicone oil, graphite particles, thermoplastic components, etc., in various concentrations in order to tune specific properties such as viscosity, conductivity and thermoelasticity, respectively. The focuses of investigations are the beneficial properties of MSE in prototypes for locomotion and manipulation purposes that possess an integrated sensor function. The research follows the principle of a model-based design, i.e. the working steps are ideation, mathematical modelling, material characterization as well as building first functional models (prototypes). The developed apedal (without legs) and non-wheeled locomotion systems use the interplay between material deformations and the mechanical motion in connection with the issues of control and stability. Non-linear friction phenomena lead to a monotonous forward motion of the systems. The aim of this study is the design of such mechanical structures, which reduce the control costs. The investigations deal with the movement and control of ‘intelligent’ mechanisms, for which the magnetically field-controlled particle-matrix interactions provide an appropriate approach. The presented grippers enclose partially gripped objects, which is an advantage for handling sensitive objects. Form-fit grippers with adaptable contour at the contact area enable a uniform pressure distribution on the surface of gripped objects. Furthermore, with the possibility of active shape adaptation, objects with significantly differing geometries can be gripped. To realise the desired active shape adaptation, the effect of field-induced plasticity of MSE is used. The first developed prototypes mainly confirm the functional principles as such without direct application. For this, besides the ability of locomotion and manipulation itself, further technological possibilities have to be added to the systems. The first steps are therefore being taken towards integrated MSE based adaptive sensor systems.