bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 5.1b Northern Victoria Land: petrology
Authors: Rocchi S. , Smellie J. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Cenozoic magmatic rocks related to the West Antarctic Rift System crop out right across Antarctica, in Victoria Land, Marie Byrd Land and into Ellsworth Land. Northern Victoria Land, located at the northwestern tip of the western rift shoulder, is unique in hosting the longest record of the rift-related igneous activity: plutonic rocks and cogenetic dyke swarms cover the time span from
c.
50 to 20 Ma, and volcanic rocks are recorded from 15 Ma to the present. The origin of the entire igneous suite is debated; nevertheless, the combination of geochemical and isotopic data with the regional tectonic history supports a model with no role for a mantle plume. Amagmatic extension during the Cretaceous generated an autometasomatized mantle source that, during Eocene–present activity, produced magma by small degrees of melting induced by the transtensional activity of translithospheric fault systems. The emplacement of Eocene–Oligocene plutons and dyke swarms was focused along these fault systems. Conversely, the location of the mid-Miocene–present volcanoes is governed by lithospheric necking along the Ross Sea coast for the largest volcanic edifices; while inland, smaller central volcanoes and scoria cones are related to the establishment of magma chambers in thicker crust.
Carboniferous ammonoid genozones
Authors: Nikolaeva S. V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Considerable progress has been made by international teams in refining the traditional ammonoid zonation that remains the backbone of Carboniferous stratigraphy. The Carboniferous ammonoid genozones, with a few gaps, are now recognized throughout the entire system in most successions worldwide. Refined collecting and documentation of occurrences in Western Europe, North Africa, the Urals, China and North America aimed to establish the first evolutionary occurrences, and facilitated correlation with foraminiferal and conodont scales for most of the Carboniferous. From ten to eleven ammonoid genozones are now recognized in the Mississippian, and eight to nine genozones in the Pennsylvanian. Of these, the established lower boundaries of the subsystems are reasonably well correlated with the ammonoid zonation, whereas correlations with the ratified foraminiferal-based lower boundary of the Visean and other stage boundaries, currently under discussion, need further research. Future success in the ammonoid geochronology will also depend on accurate identification and re-illustration of the type material, including material described by pioneers of ammonoid biostratigraphy.
Analytical Investigation into Effects of Capillary Force on Condensate Film Flowing over Horizontal Semicircular Tube in Porous Medium
Authors: Chang Tong-Bou , Shiue Bai-Heng , Ciou Yi-Bin , Lo Wai-Io 
Published: March 2021

A theoretical investigation is performed into the problem of laminar filmwise condensation flow over a horizontal semicircular tube embedded in a porous medium and subject to capillary forces. The effects of the capillary force and gravity force on the condensation heat transfer performance are analyzed using an energy balance approach method. For analytical convenience, several dimensionless parameters are introduced, including the Jakob number Ja, Rayleigh number Ra, and capillary force parameter Boc. The resulting dimensionless governing equation is solved using the numerical shooting method to determine the effect of capillary forces on the condensate thickness. A capillary suction velocity can be obtained mathematically in the calculation process and indicates whether the gravity force is greater than the capillary force. It is shown that if the capillary force is greater than the condensate gravity force, the liquid condensate will be sucked into the two-phase zone. Under this condition, the condensate film thickness reduces and the heat transfer performance is correspondingly improved. Without considering the capillary force effects, the mean Nusselt number is also obtained in the present study as

N
u

¯

|

V
2
∗

=
0

=

2
R
a

D
a
/

J
a

1
/
2

∫
0
π

1
+
cos

θ

1
/
2

d
θ

.
On Eternal Domination of Generalized

J

s
,
m
Authors: Shaheen Ramy , Assaad Mohammad , Kassem Ali 
Published: March 2021

An eternal dominating set of a graph

G

is a set of guards distributed on the vertices of a dominating set so that each vertex can be occupied by one guard only. These guards can defend any infinite series of attacks, an attack is defended by moving one guard along an edge from its position to the attacked vertex. We consider the “all guards move” of the eternal dominating set problem, in which one guard has to move to the attacked vertex, and all the remaining guards are allowed to move to an adjacent vertex or stay in their current positions after each attack in order to form a dominating set on the graph and at each step can be moved after each attack. The “all guards move model” is called the

m

-eternal domination model. The size of the smallest

m

-eternal dominating set is called the

m

-eternal domination number and is denoted by

γ

m

∞

G

. In this paper, we find the domination number of Jahangir graph

J

s
,
m

for

s
≡
1
,
2

mod

3

, and the

m

-eternal domination numbers of

J

s
,
m

for

s
,
m

are arbitraries.
Effects of Diet and Exercise-Induced Weight Loss on Biomarkers of Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bruinsma Tyler J. , Dyer Anne-Marie , Rogers Connie J. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Sturgeon Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background:
Adiponectin, leptin, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in breast cancer risk and recurrence. Weight loss, via the dynamic interplay of energy balance through exercise and/or caloric restriction, decreases risk of breast cancer recurrence.

Methods:
We investigated the effects of lifestyle modifications (exercise only, or combined caloric restriction and exercise) on adipokines, IL2, IL6, IL8, IL10, C-reactive protein (CRP), and TNFα biomarkers in breast cancer survivors. Searches were completed in June and July of 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials that met inclusion criteria. Weighted mean difference was calculated using random- or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of the studies.

Results:
2501 records were identified, with 30 ultimately meeting inclusion criteria of the systematic review; 21 studies provided data suitable for meta-analysis. We observed leptin levels were significantly reduced in the exercise-only group compared with sedentary control [WMD −5.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), −11.0 to −0.33; P = 0.04].

Conclusions:
Leptin may be a primary mediator of exercise–induced improvements in breast cancer recurrence.

Impact:
This is the first review and meta-analysis to examine combined exercise and caloric restriction programs in breast cancer survivors. Future studies should further examine combined programs and their efficacy for altering leptin.
Mucosal‐Associated Invariant T Cells Are Involved in Acute Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Neuroinflammation
Authors: Nakajima Sho , Tanaka Ryota , Yamashiro Kazuo , Chiba Asako , Noto Daisuke , Inaba Toshiki , Kurita Naohide , Miyamoto Nobukazu , Kuroki Takuma , Shimura Hideki , Ueno Yuji , Urabe Takao , Miyake Sachiko , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: March 2021

Background
Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been associated with inflammation in several autoimmune diseases. However, their relation to ischemic stroke remains unclear. This study attempted to elucidate the role of MAIT cells in acute ischemic stroke in mice.

Methods and Results

We used MR1 knockout C57BL/6 (MR1
−/−
) mice and wild‐type littermates (MR1
+/+
). After performing a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we evaluated the association with inflammation and prognosis in the acute cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, we analyzed the tMCAO C57BL/6 mice administered with the suppressive MR1 ligand and the vehicle control. We also evaluated the infiltration of MAIT cells into the ischemic brain by flow cytometry. Results showed a reduction of infarct volume and an improvement of neurological impairment in MR1
−/−
mice (n=8). There was a reduction in the number of infiltrating microglia/macrophages (n=3–5) and in their activation (n=5) in the peri‐infarct area of MR1
−/−
mice. The cytokine levels of interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐17 at 24 hours after tMCAO (n=3–5), and for interleukin‐17 at 72 hours after tMCAO (n=5), were lower in the MR1
−/−
mice. The administration of the suppressive MR1 ligand reduced the infarct volume and improved functional impairment (n=5). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated there was a reduction of MAIT cells infiltrating into the ischemic brain at 24 hours after tMCAO (n=17).

Conclusions
Our results showed that MAIT cells play an important role in neuroinflammation after focal cerebral ischemia and the use of MAIT cell regulation has a potential role as a novel neuroprotectant for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure
Authors: Farah Martha J. , Sternberg Saul , Nichols Thomas A. , Duda Jeffrey T. , Lohrenz Terry , Luo Yi , Sonnier Libbie , Ramey Sharon L. , Montague Read , Ramey Craig T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Does early exposure to cognitive and linguistic stimulation impact brain structure? Or do genetic predispositions account for the co-occurrence of certain neuroanatomical phenotypes and a tendency to engage children in cognitively stimulating activities? Low socioeconomic status infants were randomized to either 5 years of cognitively and linguistically stimulating center-based care or a comparison condition. The intervention resulted in large and statistically significant changes in brain structure measured in midlife, particularly for male individuals. These findings are the first to extend the large literature on cognitive enrichment effects on animal brains to humans, and to demonstrate the effects of uniquely human features such as linguistic stimulation.
Occurrence of Meloidogyne hapla relative to nematode abundance and soil food web structure in soil groups of selected Michigan vegetable production fields
Authors: Lartey Isaac , Kravchenko Alexandra , Marsh Terence , Melakeberhan Haddish 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Despite considerable knowledge of distribution, biology and parasitic variability (PV) of Meloidogyne hapla in cropping systems, how its PV relates to soil health conditions remains unknown. This study investigated the relationship between the presence or absence of M. hapla with soil food web and the abundance of nematode community in muck (high organic matter) and mineral soils of 15 agricultural fields and adjacent natural vegetation across three vegetable production regions of Michigan, USA. Meloidogyne hapla was present in all regions and all muck soils, but only in some mineral soils. It was present in soils with degraded and disturbed soil food web conditions, but there was no pattern with nematode trophic group abundance. However, principal component analysis showed distinct relationships among M. hapla presence or absence, soils, nematode abundance parameters in agricultural and natural vegetation. The study lays down a foundation for more targeted investigations to understand any links between the PV of M. hapla and its soil environment.
Reforming Laïcité or Reforming Islam?
Authors: Arslan Berna Zengin , Açimuz Bige 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on management of Islam by the French State since the state of emergency declared in 2015. We analyze the legal actions of the State using a law-in-context approach and theorize secularism as the State’s management of religion. We focus on the Senate Report (2016) concerning Muslim worship, the legal changes wrought by the state of emergency, and the institutions formed to govern Islam and secularism. We examine whether there has been a change in the French State’s approach to Muslim worship. Rather than remaining neutral, the French State has become even more actively involved in the field of religion by adopting a reformist attitude intended to transform not the principles of laïcité but the Muslims in France. In this period, the State has taken concrete steps and built institutions both to support the formation of a secularized French Islam and to govern the boundaries of laïcité.
Plato’s Seventh Letter: Composition and Incongruences
Authors: Butti de Lima Paulo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The discussion on the authenticity of Plato’s Seventh Letter should consider its distinct parts, some incongruences between them and the editorial process of Plato’s later works. The number of times Plato has given advice and the number of travels to Sicily are differently indicated in the letter. These incongruences could be a sign of different Platonic texts being assembled by an ‘editor,’ becoming a relevant matter for the analysis of the text and its authorship.
Being Othered, Embracing Others
Authors: Kang Hanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay spotlights the experiences of otherness and marginalization of ethnic roots migrants in today’s South Korean society. It argues that their sense of liminality and rejection by both societies (diasporic and ethnic home), when examined through the concept of mestizaje, reflects their unique capacity to be bridge builders between the dominant majority and the excluded minority, including themselves. Also, using intercultural theology as a frame of theological reference to interpret the presence of roots migrants as both insiders and outsiders, the essay unmasks the overall fear of otherness and pride in homogeneity in Korean society that seldom problematizes the alienation of those labelled as the “others.” Finally, it discusses the importance of a genuine theological interpretation concerning the issue, so that it can construct spaces for an alternative understanding of identity and otherness that does not lead to exclusion but to embrace.
Prescribing stigma in mental disorders: A comparative study of Portuguese psychiatrists and general practitioners
Authors: Almeida Bárbara , Samouco Ana , Grilo Filipe , Pimenta Sónia , Moreira Ana Maria 
Published: March 2021

Background: Physicians, including psychiatrists and general practitioners (GPs), have been reported as essential sources of stigma towards people diagnosed with a mental disorder (PDMDs), which constitutes an important barrier to recovery and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Therefore, psychiatrists and GPs are key populations where it is crucial to examine stigma, improve attitudes and reduce discrimination towards psychiatric patients. Aims: This study is the first to explore mental health-related stigma among Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs, examining the differences between these two specialities and assessing whether sociodemographic and professional variables are associated with stigma. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed between June 2018 and August 2019. A consecutive sample of 55 Psychiatrists and 67 GPs working in Porto (Portugal) filled a 25-item self-report questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards PDMDs in clinical practice. The instrument was designed by the authors, based on previous mental health-related stigma studies and validated scales. The questionnaire includes 12 stigma dimensions ( Autonomy, Coercion, Incompetence, Dangerousness, Permanence, Pity, Responsibility, Segregation, Labelling, Diagnostic Overshadowing, Shame and Parental Incompetence), and its total score was used to measure Overall Stigma (OS). Sample characteristics were examined using descriptive statistics, and the factors affecting stigma were assessed through regression analysis. Results: GPs exhibit significantly higher OS levels than psychiatrists, and present higher scores in the dimensions of dangerousness, parental incompetence, diagnostic overshadowing and responsibility. Besides medical speciality, several other sociodemographic variables were associated with sigma, including age, gender, having a friend with a mental disorder, professional category, agreement that Psychiatry diverges from core medicine and physician’s interest in mental health topics. Conclusions: Our data suggest that both psychiatrists and GPs hold some degree of stigmatizing attitudes towards PDMDs. Overall, these results bring new light to stigma research, and provide information to tailor anti-stigma interventions to Portuguese psychiatrists and GPs.
Percutaneous Tracheostomy With a Demistifier Canopy in the COVID-19 Era: A Safe Technique in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Turkdogan Sena , Kay-Rivest Emily , Giroux Melanie , Piché Chantal , Khwaja Kosar , Mascarella Marco , Khalife Sarah , Alohali Sama , Kost Karen 
Published: March 2021

Background: Endoscopic percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) is a safe technique that is performed frequently by otolaryngologists and intensivists. New challenges have been identified in order to maintain the safety of this procedure during the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel approach, using a modified demistifier canopy, was developed during the first wave of the pandemic and implemented for 17 consecutive percutaneous tracheostomies in order to enhance procedural safety. Methods: A protocol was developed after performing a literature review of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients. A multidisciplinary tracheostomy team was established, including the departments of otolaryngology, critical care, and respiratory therapy. Simulation was performed prior to each PT, and postoperative debriefings were done. Results: A protocol and technical description of PT using a modified demistifier canopy covering was written and video documented. Data were collected on 17 patients who underwent this procedure safely in our tertiary care hospital. There were no procedure-related complications, and no evidence of COVID-19 transmission to any member of the health care team during the study period. Conclusion: As patients continue to recover from COVID-19, their need for tracheostomy will increase. The technique described provides a safe, multidisciplinary method of performing PT in COVID-19 patients.
Emotional Problems in Children of Mothers who had Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kallapiran Kannan , Jayanthini V. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Depression is a highly prevalent mental disorder. Maternal depression can adversely impact perinatal outcomes and child development, and can increase mental disorders for children and adolescents. Understanding the impact could lead to opportunities for early intervention and prevention. Methods: We selected 29 mothers attending a tertiary care setting for mental health, who had remitted following a depressive episode, and 35 control mothers. They rated their children’s behavior on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and temperament measurement schedule (TMS). Using a cross-sectional design, we compared the scores on behavior and temperamental characteristics between the two groups. We also studied if the severity of depression correlated with increased behavioral difficulties and evaluated if there were any differences based on gender or age. Results: Our results suggest no significant difference in behavior and temperament between the two groups. There was a trend for the children of mothers who had depression to have poor emotionality, higher rhythmicity on TMS, and higher peer relatedness based on SDQ scores. There was no correlation between the severity of depression in the mother and the severity of behavior problems. Conclusion: The lack of significant differences between the two groups could be related to less severe forms of depression, the remission of depression in the mother, the presence of other supportive family members, or elevated problems in the control arm. Further research in this area with a longitudinal design, including mothers with ongoing symptoms and longer-term follow-up, studying the bidirectional influence, is warranted.
Valuing EQ-5D-Y-3L Health States Using a Discrete Choice Experiment: Do Adult and Adolescent Preferences Differ?
Authors: Mott David J. , Shah Koonal K. , Ramos-Goñi Juan Manuel , Devlin Nancy J. , Rivero-Arias Oliver 
Published: March 2021

Background An important question in the valuation of children’s health is whether the preferences of younger individuals should be captured within value sets for measures that are aimed at them. This depends on whether younger individuals can complete valuation exercises and whether their preferences differ from those of adults. This study compared the preferences of adults and adolescents for EQ-5D-Y-3L health states using latent scale values elicited from a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Methods An online DCE survey, comprising 15 pairwise choices, was provided to samples of UK adults and adolescents (aged 11–17 y). Adults considered the health of a 10-year-old child, whereas adolescents considered their own health. Mixed logit models were estimated, and comparisons were made using relative attribute importance (RAI) scores and a pooled model. Results In total, 1000 adults and 1005 adolescents completed the survey. For both samples, level 3 in pain/discomfort was most important, and level 2 in self-care the least important, based on the relative magnitudes of coefficients. The RAI scores (normalized on self-care) indicated that adolescents gave less weight relative to adults to usual activities (1.18 v. 1.51; P < 0.05), pain/discomfort (1.77 v. 3.12; P < 0.01), and anxiety/depression (1.64 vs. 2.65; P < 0.01). The pooled model indicated evidence of differences between the two samples in both levels in pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Limitations The perspective of the DCE task differed between the 2 samples, and no data were collected to anchor the DCE data to generate value sets. Conclusions Adolescents could complete the DCE, and their preferences differed from those of adults taking a child perspective. It is important to consider whether their preferences should be incorporated into value sets.
Lesions that mimic malignant tumors in nasopharyngeal biopsies: case series of 10 years
Authors: Ozsen Mine , Saraydaroglu Ozlem , Yirmibes Selin , Coskun H. Hakan 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Lesions mimicking malignancies in the nasopharynx are frequently seen in adult patients. These include inflammatory, metaplastic, and cystic lesions. We aimed to draw attention to rare tumor-like lesions that can be confused with malignancies and cause diagnostic difficulties clinically and radiologically. Methods: A total of 538 patients who underwent nasopharyngeal biopsy in our center between January 2010 and June 2020 were evaluated. Patient information was obtained from patient files and evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 19 of the 538 patients had tumor-like lesions that were included in the study. Granulomatous inflammation was present in seven cases, oncocytic metaplasia in four cases, benign cyst in five cases, fungal infection in two cases, and immunoglobulin G4–related disease in one case. Conclusions: The nasopharynx is a region where various lesions can be seen. Some lesions form tumor-mimicking mass effect, cause increased thickness, and lead to increased metabolic activity in positron emission tomography–computed tomography that create the illusion of a malignant tumor and histopathologic verification is crucial. We aimed to present these rare tumor-like lesions that should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis.