bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Error Analysis of Terra‐MODIS and MISR Cloud‐Top Heights Through Comparison With ISS‐CATS Lidar
Authors: Mitra Arka , Di Girolamo Larry , Hong Yulan , Zhan Yizhe , Mueller Kevin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCloud‐top heights (CTH) from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra constitute our longest‐running single‐platform CTH record from a stable orbit. Here, we provide the first evaluation of the Terra Level 2 CTH record against collocated International Space Station Cloud‐Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar observations between 50ºN and 50ºS. Bias and precision of Terra CTH relative to CATS is shown to be strongly tied to cloud horizontal and vertical heterogeneity and altitude. For single‐layered, unbroken, optically thick clouds observed over all altitudes, the uncertainties in MODIS and MISR CTH are −540 ± 690 m and −280 ± 370 m, respectively. The uncertainties are generally smaller for lower altitude clouds and larger for optically thin clouds. For multi‐layered clouds, errors are summarized herein using both absolute CTH and CATS‐layer‐altitude proximity to Terra CTH. We show that MISR detects the lower cloud in a two‐layered system, provided top‐layer optical depth <∼0.3, but MISR low‐cloud CTH errors are unaltered by the presence of thin cirrus. Systematic and random errors are propagated to explain inter‐sensor disagreements, as well as to provide the first estimate of the MISR stereo‐opacity bias. For MISR, altitude‐dependent wind‐retrieval bias (−90 to −110 m) and stereo‐opacity bias (−60 to −260 m) and for MODIS, CO2‐slicing bias due to geometrically thick cirrus leads to overall negative CTH bias. MISR’s precision is largely driven by precision in retrieved wind‐speed (3.7 m s−1), whereas MODIS precision is driven by forward‐modeling uncertainty.
Measuring the Direct and Indirect Effect of Scientific Information on Valuing Storm Water Management Programs With a Hybrid Choice Model
Authors: Groothuis Peter A. , Mohr Tanga M. , Whitehead John C. , Cockerill Kristan , Anderson William P. , Gu Chuanhui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe use scientific information to develop a realistic hypothetical scenario for storm water management and water quality improvements in a stated preference valuation survey. We then provide different treatment levels of the scientific information to survey respondents. Using a hybrid choice model, we find that scientific information has no direct influence on referendum votes in favor of a storm water management program. However, different levels of scientific information have an indirect effect by influencing respondent concern about storm water runoff and by changing perceived understanding of the storm water management plan. We show that both of these effects, neither of which are apparent in standard logit models, have implications for valuing a storm water management plan. Our results suggest that researchers should be aware of how their choice on the information provided may have a subtle influence on responses in stated preference survey.
Budyko‐Based Long‐Term Water and Energy Balance Closure in Global Watersheds From Earth Observations
Authors: Koppa Akash , Alam Sarfaraz , Miralles Diego G. , Gebremichael Mekonnen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarth observations offer potential pathways for accurately closing the water and energy balance of watersheds, a fundamental challenge in hydrology. However, previous attempts based on purely satellite‐based estimates have focused on closing the water and energy balances separately. They are hindered by the lack of estimates of key components, such as runoff. Here, we posit a novel approach based on Budyko’s water and energy balance constraints. The approach is applied to quantify the degree of long‐term closure at the watershed scale, as well as its associated uncertainties, using an ensemble of global satellite data sets. We find large spatial variability across aridity, elevation, and other environmental gradients. Specifically, we find a positive correlation between elevation and closure uncertainty, as derived from the Budyko approach. In mountainous watersheds the uncertainty in closure is 3.9 ± 0.7 (dimensionless). Our results show that uncertainties in terrestrial evaporation contribute twice as much as precipitation uncertainties to errors in the closure of water and energy balance. Moreover, our results highlight the need for improving satellite‐based precipitation and evaporation data in humid temperate forests, where the closure error in the Budyko space is as high as 1.1 ± 0.3, compared to only 0.2 ± 0.03 in tropical forests. Comparing the results with land surface model‐based data sets driven by in situ precipitation, we find that Earth observation‐based data sets perform better in regions where precipitation gauges are sparse. These findings have implications for improving the understanding of global hydrology and regional water management and can guide the development of satellite remote sensing‐based data sets and Earth system models.
Short and Medium Range Irrigation Scheduling Using Stochastic Simulation‐Optimization Framework With Farm‐Scale Ecohydrological Model and Weather Forecasts
Authors: Roy Adrija , Narvekar Parag , Murtugudde Raghu , Shinde Vilas , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the remarkable improvements in skillful weather forecasts, their uses in irrigation water management at a farm scale are still limited. This is attributable to the scale mismatch between weather and hydrologic models as well complexities in farmscale ecohydrological processes. Here, we have developed a simulation‐optimization algorithm for minimizing irrigation water application using short to medium range forecasts by determining the conditional probability density functions of the rainfall and subsequently the soil moisture for the days in forecast range. With the forecasted soil moisture information, the model ensures that the probability of crops undergoing water stress is less than a prescribed threshold. The optimization model includes a farmscale ecohydrological model, which computes daily evapotranspiration, runoff, and leakage based on a probabilistic description of rainfall through Monte‐Carlo simulations. After calibrating and validating the ecohydrological model with past data obtained from the farmers, this proposed optimization framework was employed to test the outcome for two pilot sites in Nashik, Maharashtra, India. We found that using the proposed framework, irrigation water use can be reduced by 10%–30% as compared to that resulting from the conventional strategies used by the farmers, without significant loss in crop yields, by almost always maintaining the soil moisture at or above the prescribed threshold. Considering that irrigation accounts for over 80% of the total water use worldwide, the value of such an approach as a decision‐support tool for irrigation optimization is self‐evident. We also posit that the co‐production of this tool with the farmers increases its usability and credibility.
Activation of 4-1BB signaling in bone marrow stromal cells triggers bone loss via the p-38 MAPK-DKK1 axis in aged mice
Authors: Wan Daqian , Ai Songtao , Ouyang Huoniu , Cheng Liming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSenile osteoporosis can cause bone fragility and increased fracture risks and has been one of the most prevalent and severe diseases affecting the elderly population. Bone formation depends on the proper osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in the bone marrow microenvironment, which is generated by the functional relationship among different cell types in the bone marrow. With aging, bone marrow provides signals that repress osteogenesis. Finding the signals that oppose BMSC osteogenic differentiation from the bone marrow microenvironment and identifying the abnormal changes in BMSCs with aging are key to elucidating the mechanisms of senile osteoporosis. In a pilot experiment, we found that 4-1BBL and 4-1BB were more abundant in bone marrow from aged (18-month-old) mice than young (6-month-old) mice. Meanwhile, significant bone loss was observed in aged mice compared with young mice. However, very little data have been generated regarding whether high-level 4-1BB/4-1BBL in bone marrow was associated with bone loss in aged mice. In the current study, we found upregulation of 4-1BB in the BMSCs of aged mice, which resulted in the attenuation of the osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs from aged mice via the p38 MAPK-Dkk1 pathway. More importantly, bone loss of aged mice could be rescued through the blockade of 4-1BB signaling in vivo. Our study will benefit not only our understanding of the pathogenesis of age-related trabecular bone loss but also the search for new targets to treat senile osteoporosis.
Single cell regulatory landscape of the mouse kidney highlights cellular differentiation programs and disease targets
Authors: Miao Zhen , Balzer Michael S. , Ma Ziyuan , Liu Hongbo , Wu Junnan , Shrestha Rojesh , Aranyi Tamas , Kwan Amy , Kondo Ayano , Pontoglio Marco , Kim Junhyong , Li Mingyao , Kaestner Klaus H. , Susztak Katalin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDetermining the epigenetic program that generates unique cell types in the kidney is critical for understanding cell-type heterogeneity during tissue homeostasis and injury response. Here, we profile open chromatin and gene expression in developing and adult mouse kidneys at single cell resolution. We show critical reliance of gene expression on distal regulatory elements (enhancers). We reveal key cell type-specific transcription factors and major gene-regulatory circuits for kidney cells. Dynamic chromatin and expression changes during nephron progenitor differentiation demonstrates that podocyte commitment occurs early and is associated with sustained Foxl1 expression. Renal tubule cells follow a more complex differentiation, where Hfn4a is associated with proximal and Tfap2b with distal fate. Mapping single nucleotide variants associated with human kidney disease implicates critical cell types, developmental stages, genes, and regulatory mechanisms. The single cell multi-omics atlas reveals key chromatin remodeling events and gene expression dynamics associated with kidney development.
Early forecasting of tsunami inundation from tsunami and geodetic observation data with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Makinoshima Fumiyasu , Oishi Yusuke , Yamazaki Takashi , Furumura Takashi , Imamura Fumihiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRapid and accurate hazard forecasting is important for prompt evacuations and reducing casualties during natural disasters. In the decade since the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, various tsunami forecasting methods using real-time data have been proposed. However, rapid and accurate tsunami inundation forecasting in coastal areas remains challenging. Here, we propose a tsunami forecasting approach using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for early warning. Numerical tsunami forecasting experiments for Tohoku demonstrated excellent performance with average maximum tsunami amplitude and tsunami arrival time forecasting errors of ~0.4 m and ~48 s, respectively, for 1,000 unknown synthetic tsunami scenarios. Our forecasting approach required only 0.004 s on average using a single CPU node. Moreover, the CNN trained on only synthetic tsunami scenarios provided reasonable inundation forecasts using actual observation data from the 2011 event, even with noisy inputs. These results verify the feasibility of AI-enabled tsunami forecasting for providing rapid and accurate early warnings.
Substantial hysteresis in emergent temperature sensitivity of global wetland CH4 emissions
Authors: Chang Kuang-Yu , Riley William J. , Knox Sara H. , Jackson Robert B. , McNicol Gavin , Poulter Benjamin , Aurela Mika , Baldocchi Dennis , Bansal Sheel , Bohrer Gil , Campbell David I. , Cescatti Alessandro , Chu Housen , Delwiche Kyle B. , Desai Ankur R. , Euskirchen Eugenie , Friborg Thomas , Goeckede Mathias , Helbig Manuel , Hemes Kyle S. , Hirano Takashi , Iwata Hiroki , Kang Minseok , Keenan Trevor , Krauss Ken W. , Lohila Annalea , Mammarella Ivan , Mitra Bhaskar , Miyata Akira , Nilsson Mats B. , Noormets Asko , Oechel Walter C. , Papale Dario , Peichl Matthias , Reba Michele L. , Rinne Janne , Runkle Benjamin R. K. , Ryu Youngryel , Sachs Torsten , Schäfer Karina V. R. , Schmid Hans Peter , Shurpali Narasinha , Sonnentag Oliver , Tang Angela C. I. , Torn Margaret S. , Trotta Carlo , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina , Ueyama Masahito , Vargas Rodrigo , Vesala Timo , Windham-Myers Lisamarie , Zhang Zhen , Zona Donatella 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWetland methane (CH4) emissions ($${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$

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) are important in global carbon budgets and climate change assessments. Currently, $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$

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projections rely on prescribed static temperature sensitivity that varies among biogeochemical models. Meta-analyses have proposed a consistent $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$

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temperature dependence across spatial scales for use in models; however, site-level studies demonstrate that $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$

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are often controlled by factors beyond temperature. Here, we evaluate the relationship between $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$

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and temperature using observations from the FLUXNET-CH4 database. Measurements collected across the globe show substantial seasonal hysteresis between $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$

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and temperature, suggesting larger $${F}_{{{CH}}_{4}}$$

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sensitivity to temperature later in the frost-free season (about 77% of site-years). Results derived from a machine-learning model and several regression models highlight the importance of representing the large spatial and temporal variability within site-years and ecosystem types. Mechanistic advancements in biogeochemical model parameterization and detailed measurements in factors modulating CH4 production are thus needed to improve global CH4 budget assessments.
Microglial neuropilin-1 promotes oligodendrocyte expansion during development and remyelination by trans-activating platelet-derived growth factor receptor
Authors: Sherafat Amin , Pfeiffer Friederike , Reiss Alexander M. , Wood William M. , Nishiyama Akiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNerve-glia (NG2) glia or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are distributed throughout the gray and white matter and generate myelinating cells. OPCs in white matter proliferate more than those in gray matter in response to platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF AA), despite similar levels of its alpha receptor (PDGFRα) on their surface. Here we show that the type 1 integral membrane protein neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) is expressed not on OPCs but on amoeboid and activated microglia in white but not gray matter in an age- and activity-dependent manner. Microglia-specific deletion of Nrp1 compromised developmental OPC proliferation in white matter as well as OPC expansion and subsequent myelin repair after acute demyelination. Exogenous Nrp1 increased PDGF AA-induced OPC proliferation and PDGFRα phosphorylation on dissociated OPCs, most prominently in the presence of suboptimum concentrations of PDGF AA. These findings uncover a mechanism of regulating oligodendrocyte lineage cell density that involves trans-activation of PDGFRα on OPCs via Nrp1 expressed by adjacent microglia.
Modification of N-terminal α-amine of proteins via biomimetic ortho-quinone-mediated oxidation
Authors: Wang Siyao , Zhou Qingqing , Chen Xiaoping , Luo Rong-Hua , Li Yunxue , Liu Xinliang , Yang Liu-Meng , Zheng Yong-Tang , Wang Ping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNaturally abundant quinones are important molecules, which play essential roles in various biological processes due to their reduction potential. In contrast to their universality, the investigation of reactions between quinones and proteins remains sparse. Herein, we report the development of a convenient strategy to protein modification via a biomimetic quinone-mediated oxidation at the N-terminus. By exploiting unique reactivity of an ortho-quinone reagent, the α-amine of protein N-terminus is oxidized to generate aldo or keto handle for orthogonal conjugation. The applications have been demonstrated using a range of proteins, including myoglobin, ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (SUMO2). The effect of this method is further highlighted via the preparation of a series of 17 macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) analogs, followed by preliminary anti-HIV activity and cell viability assays, respectively. This method offers an efficient and complementary approach to existing strategies for N-terminal modification of proteins.
Development and validation of a new instrument to measure social pain
Authors: Stangier Ulrich , Schüller Johanna , Brähler Elmar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial pain is an emotional reaction to social exclusion which has been widely investigated in experimental settings. We developed the Social Pain Questionnaire (SPQ) and examined its factor structure, reliability, and construct validity. We constructed a 46-item pool that covered a broad range of situations related to social pain. Using three different subsamples (Online convenience sample: n = 623, Representative sample: n = 2531, Clinical sample of outpatients seeking psychotherapy: n = 270) we reduced the item pool to 10 items for the final SPQ scale, paying particular attention to content validity and factorial structure. Convergent, divergent and discriminant validity were assessed using standardized measures of related constructs and group differences. For the final 10-item version, a good factorial structure and reliability were found. Convergent validity was supported by correlations with related instruments of interpersonal sensitivity, attachment styles, depression and social anxiety. The representative and clinical sample differed significantly in social pain. The SPQ is an economic self-report measure with solid psychometric properties. Our data support the factorial, construct and convergent validity. The SPQ can be used to clarify the role of social pain in mental disorders and to incorporate interventions targeted towards social pain in psychotherapeutic settings.
Initial defensive secretory compounds emitted from the live millipede and the induction of apoptotic cell death
Authors: Taira Junsei , Tamashiro Miki , Naka Kaori , Gakiya Sahori , Taira Kazuyo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe initial defensive secretory compounds emitted from a live millipede have not yet been clarified. This study focused on elucidating the initial secretory compounds emitted from a live millipede. Pre-concentration of the defensive secretory volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the live Polidesmida millipedes, Chamberlinius hualienensis and Oxidus gracilis, was performed using a three-stage VOC concentration technique by an on-line GC/MS system. As a result, the monoterpenes derived from the plant metabolite; i.e., α-pinene, α-thujene, β-pinene, 3-carene, β-myrcene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, o,m,p-cymenes, limonene and camphene were first detected as the initial secretory substances. It was elucidated that some plant monoterpenes have a repellent effect and antifungal and antibacterial actions which are used as defensive substances. In addition, this study also confirmed that these monoterpenes induced apoptotic cell death involved in the induction of the caspase 3/7 activity. The millipede feeds on fallen or withered leaves containing the monoterpenes. Thus, the millipede accumulates the plant defensive secretions in the exocrine defense glands of the body somites, which would be used as against predators.
Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity
Authors: LaVigne Justin E. , Hecksel Ryan , Keresztes Attila , Streicher John M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLimited evidence has suggested that terpenes found in Cannabis sativa are analgesic, and could produce an “entourage effect” whereby they modulate cannabinoids to result in improved outcomes. However this hypothesis is controversial, with limited evidence. We thus investigated Cannabis sativa terpenes alone and with the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212 using in vitro and in vivo approaches. We found that the terpenes α-humulene, geraniol, linalool, and β-pinene produced cannabinoid tetrad behaviors in mice, suggesting cannabimimetic activity. Some behaviors could be blocked by cannabinoid or adenosine receptor antagonists, suggesting a mixed mechanism of action. These behavioral effects were selectively additive with WIN55,212, suggesting terpenes can boost cannabinoid activity. In vitro experiments showed that all terpenes activated the CB1R, while some activated other targets. Our findings suggest that these Cannabis terpenes are multifunctional cannabimimetic ligands that provide conceptual support for the entourage effect hypothesis and could be used to enhance the therapeutic properties of cannabinoids.
Cardiac MRI structural and functional predictors of left ventricular ejection fraction recovery following PVC catheter ablation
Authors: Mao Jessica , Xie Eric , Chamera Ela , Lima Joao A. C. , Chrispin Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFrequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can induce cardiomyopathy (PVC CM). We sought to use cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to quantify changes in cardiac structure and function of cardiomyopathy patients following catheter ablation for PVCs. Patients undergoing PVC ablation at the Johns Hopkins Hospital with pre-procedural CMR from 2010 to 2018 were included in this study. CMR Images were analyzed to collect information on cardiac structure and function as well as to quantify scar. Of the total 51 included patients, PVC CM (LVEF < 45%) was observed in 51% (n = 29). Of these, 19 had post-ablation ejection fractions quantified, with 78.9% (n = 15) recovering function. Global longitudinal strain was significantly correlated with LVEF (OR 1.831, p < 0.01) but did not predict recovery of function. RV origin of PVCs was more common in the preserved LVEF group but was also significantly correlated with persistently reduced EF post-ablation in the PVC CM group. Scar burden was not correlated with either cardiac function or post-ablation recovery of function. In this cohort, there were no significant CMR findings to predict subsequent recovery of EF after ablation among those with PVC CM. PVC origin in the RV was associated with persistently reduced LVEF after ablation.
Repository scale classification and decomposition of tandem mass spectral data
Authors: Mongia Mihir , Mohimani Hosein 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVarious studies have shown associations between molecular features and phenotypes of biological samples. These studies, however, focus on a single phenotype per study and are not applicable to repository scale metabolomics data. Here we report MetSummarizer, a method for predicting (i) the biological phenotypes of environmental and host-oriented samples, and (ii) the raw ingredient composition of complex mixtures. We show that the aggregation of various metabolomic datasets can improve the accuracy of predictions. Since these datasets have been collected using different standards at various laboratories, in order to get unbiased results it is crucial to detect and discard standard-specific features during the classification step. We further report high accuracy in prediction of the raw ingredient composition of complex foods from the Global Foodomics Project.