bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trypanosoma Cruzi Affects The Sensory Biology of Triatoma Dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).
Authors: May-Concha Irving J. , Talavera Maryrose J. Escalante , Dujardin Jean-Pierre , Waleckx Etienne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Triatoma dimidiata is a vector of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Phenotypic plasticity allows an organism to adjust its phenotype in response to stimuli or environmental conditions. Understanding the effect of T. cruzi on the phenotypic plasticity of its vectors, known as triatomines, has attracted great interest because of the implications of the parasite-triatomine interactions in the eco-epidemiology and transmission of the parasite. We investigated whether the infection of the vector with T. cruzi can change the antennal phenotype of sylvatic, domestic, and laboratory-reared populations of T. dimidiata. Methods: The abundance of each type of sensillum (bristles, basiconic, thick- and thin-walled trichoid) on the antennae of T. cruzi-infected and non-infected T. dimidiata reared in the laboratory or collected in sylvatic and domestic ecotopes were measured under light microscopy and compared using Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric tests and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Results: We found significant differences between sensilla patterns of infected and non-infected insects within sylvatic and domestic populations. Conversely, we found no significant differences between sensilla patterns of infected and non-infected insects within the laboratory-reared population. Besides, our results show that the infection with T. cruzi affects the sexual dimorphism linked to antennal phenotype in sylvatic and domestic populations. Conclusion: These differences could be linked, for infected insects, to higher efficiency in the perception of odor molecules related to the search of distant mates and hosts and for flight dispersal in search of new habitats, and the possibility of a positive effect on population dynamics and on the vectorial transmission of T. cruzi.
Preparation of Nitrosulfonated Humic Acid-based Ion-imprinted Polymer and Study on Its Adsorption Properties
Authors: Wang An , Sun Xiaoran , Yan Yinuo , Bian Simeng , Fan Kaili , Zhao Zheng , Han Lihua , Shang Hongzhou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ion imprinted polymer, a kind of high molecular organic polymer, which can separate and enrich various metal ions in water by changing the adsorption conditions. Used humic acid as raw materials, used HNO3 and H2SO4 as modifiers to synthesize nitrosulfonated humic acid, then used it as substrate, NIPAM as the functional monomer, Pb2+ as the template ion, MBA as the crosslinking agent, K2S2O8 and NaHSO3 as initiators to prepare lead ion imprinted polymers after cross-linking reaction. Used SEM, FT-IR, TG-DSC to characterize the obtained product, and explored the structure and performance of the product. The adsorption performance of IIPs (NSA/NIPAM) was studied by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis). The results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of IIPs (NSA/NIPAM) for Pb2+ is 81.33 mg/g, the optimal number of cycles of IIPs (NSA/NIPAM) is 10, In the presence of competing ions Cu2+ and Cd2+, selectivity coefficients are 18.04 (Pb2+/Cu2+) and 19.39 (Pb2+/Cd2+). The results of simulating the thermodynamic adsorption process of the polymers with Langmuir and Freundlich thermodynamic adsorption models show that the imprinted polymer conform to the second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir thermodynamic model, and belong to monolayer chemisorption.
Stability and Time-Delay Effect of Rainfall-induced Landslide Considering Air Entrapment
Authors: Zhang Shixin , Li Li , Zhao Dongsheng , Ni Bo , Qiang Yue , Zheng Zhou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rainfall-induced landslide is a typical geological disaster in the Three Gorges reservoir area. The air entrapment in the pores of soils has a hindrance to the infiltration of the slope. It is mainly reflected in the hydraulic hysteresis after rainfall and the decrease of the slope anti-sliding force. A method considered the air entrapment of the closed gas in soil particles’ pores is developed to study the time-delay effect and slope stability under the rainfall process. The Green-Ampt infiltration model is used to obtain the explicit analytical solution of the slope infiltration considering air entrapment. Moreover, the relationship between the safety factor, the rainfall duration, and the depth of the wetting front under the three rainfall conditions (qrain=12, 26, 51 mm/h) is discussed. The results show that the air entrapment causes a significant time-delay effect of the landslide, and the hydraulic hysteresis is the strongest under the condition of heavy rainfall (qrain= 51mm/h). The time-delay effect lasts longer than low rainfall and heavy rainfall when the rainfall intensity (qrain= 26 mm/h) is slightly greater than saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks. Parameter analysis shows that when air entrapment is considered, the smaller the slope angle and the effective internal friction angle, the more significant the air entrapment has on the slope stability; the smaller the effective cohesion, the longer the air resistance lasts. Finally, the application of the Bay Area landslide is consistent with the actual state of the landslide.
Differential Expression of CD11c Defines Two Types of Tissue-Resident Macrophages with Different Origins in Steady-State Salivary Glands
Authors: Lu Lu , Kuroishi Toshinobu , Tanaka Yukinori , Sugawara Shunji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gland macrophages are primed for gland development and functions through interactions within their niche. However, the phenotype, ontogeny, and function of steady-state salivary gland (SG) macrophages remain unclear. We herein identified CD11c+ and CD11c− subsets among CD64+ macrophages in steady-state murine SGs. CD11c− macrophages were predominant in the SGs of embryonic and newborn mice and decreased with advancing age. CD11c+ macrophages were rarely detected in the embryonic period, but rapidly expanded after birth. CD11c+, but not CD11c−, macrophage numbers decreased in mice treated with a CCR2 antagonist, suggesting that CD11c+ macrophages accumulate from bone marrow-derived progenitors in a CCR2-dependent manner, whereas CD11c− macrophages were derived from embryonic progenitors in SGs. CD11c+ and CD11c− macrophages strongly expressed colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor, the injection of an anti-CSF-1 receptor blocking antibody markedly reduced both subsets, and SGs strongly expressed CSF-1, indicating the dependency of SG resident macrophage development on CSF-1. The phagocytic activity of SG macrophages was extremely weak; however, the gene expression profile of SG macrophages indicated that SG macrophages regulate gland development and functions in SGs. These results suggest that SG CD11c+ and CD11c− macrophages are developed and instructed to perform SG-specific functions in steady-state SGs.
Determination of the Level of Heavy Metals in Cow’s Milk Collected from Butajirra and Meskan Districts, South Central Ethiopia.
Authors: Asayehegn Amha Teklu , Hymete Ariaya , Hagos Seifu , Ashenef Ayenew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMilk is a complete food useful to promote growth and development of the infant mammals as it contains vital nutrients including proteins, essential fats, vitamins, and minerals, in a balanced proportion. Milk can also contain chemical hazards and contaminants, such as heavy metals which can be a risk for health. This study was aimed at determining the level of the heavy metals in cow’s milk collected from Butajirra and Meskan districts, south Ethiopia. Cows’ milk was collected from 193 healthy and lactating cows. Samples were digested by optimized microwave digestion method using HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 . Analysis was done using ICP-OES for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. MP-AES was used for Ca, Mg, K and Na. ResultsNi was not detected in all the milk samples. The concentrations of metals in the studied milk samples were, Cd (0.0 – 0.03), Cr (0.0 – 0.4), Cu (0.03 – 1.1), Fe (0.0– 1.9), Mn (0.0– 0.7), Pb (0.0– 12.3), Zn (0.0–8.2), Ca (380.1– 532.4), Mg (159.6– 397.9), K (1114.2–1685.8) and Na (495.9–1298.3) ppm. These values were compared with guide lines of different international organizations for food and other available literatures. Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Mg were found over the permissible limits. ConclusionSpecial attention should be given to the level of heavy metals in cows’ milk, since they are difficult to remove from the body and are dangerous to health once they accumulate to a level greater than their limit.
Upper Crustal Shear-wave Velocity Structure Beneath Western Java, Indonesia from Seismic Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: rosalia shindy , Widiyantoro Sri , Cummins Phil R. , Yudistira Tedi , Nugraha Andri Dian , Zulfakriza Zulfakriza , Setiawan Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the depth inversion of Rayleigh wave group velocity to obtain an S-wave velocity model from seismic ambient noise cross-correlation in the western part of Java, Indonesia. This study utilizes the vertical component data of a temporary seismograph network deployed in 2016, which was used in a previous study to estimate fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group velocity maps. In this study, the Neighbourhood Algorithm was applied to invert the Rayleigh wave group velocities into 1D shear-wave velocity (Vs) profiles, which were then interpolated to produce a high-resolution, pseudo-3D Vs model. These tomographic images of Vs extend to ~20 km depth and show a pronounced NE-SW contrast of low and high Vs in the depth range 1-5 km that correlates well with the Bouguer anomaly map. We interpret the low Vs in the northeastern part of the study area as associated with alluvial and volcanic products from the Sunda Shelf and modern volcanic arc, whereas the high Vs in the southwestern part is associated with volcanic arc products from earlier episodes of subduction. We also obtained the depth of the northern Java basin, which is in the range of 5-7 km, and the Garut Basin, which extends to 5 km depth. For greater depths, Vs gradually increases throughout western Java, which reflects the crystalline basement.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Single-end Sequencing Data Analyses for Environmental Microbiome Research
Authors: Ramakodi Meganathan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Illumina sequencing platforms have been widely used for amplicon-based environmental microbiome research. Analyses of amplicon data of environmental samples, generated from Illumina MiSeq platform illustrate the reverse (R2) reads in the PE datasets to have low quality towards the 3’ end of the reads which affect the sequencing depth of samples and ultimately impact the sample size which may possibly lead to an altered outcome. This study evaluates the usefulness of single-end (SE) sequencing data in microbiome research when the Illumina MiSeq PE dataset shows significantly high number of low quality reverse reads. In this study, the amplicon data (V1V3, V3V4, V4V5 and V6V8) from 128 environmental (soil) samples, downloaded from SRA, demonstrate the efficiency of single-end (SE) sequencing data analyses in microbiome research. The SE datasets were found to infer the core microbiome structure as comparable to the PE dataset. Conspicuously, the forward (R1) datasets inferred a higher number of taxa as compared to PE datasets for most of the amplicon regions, except V3V4. Thus, analyses of SE sequencing data, especially R1 reads, in environmental microbiome studies could ameliorate the problems arising on sample size of the study due to low quality reverse reads in the dataset. However, care must be taken while interpreting the microbiome structure as few taxa observed in the PE datasets were absent in the SE datasets. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the availability of choices in analyzing the amplicon data without having the need to remove samples with low quality reverse reads.
Silicate/zinc-substituted strontium apatite coating improves the osteoinductive properties of β-tricalcium phosphate bone graft substitute
Authors: Sugimoto Hironori , Inagaki Yusuke , Furukawa Akira , Kira Tsutomu , Kawasaki Sachiko , Uchihara Yoshinobu , Akahane Manabu , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is a popular synthetic bone graft substitute with excellent osteoconductive properties and bioabsorbability. However, its osteoinductive properties are inferior to those of autologous or allogeneic bone. Trace elements such as strontium (Sr), silica (Si), and zinc (Zn) have been reported to promote osteogenesis in materials. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a Si/Zn-substituted Sr apatite coating of β-TCP could enhance osteoinductive properties.Methods: The apatite-coated β-TCP disks were prepared using nanoparticle suspensions of silicate-substituted Sr apatite (SrSiP) or silicate- and Zn-co-substituted Sr apatite (SrZnSiP).Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) from rat femur were cultured and subsequently seeded at a density of 1.0 × 106/cm2 onto apatite-coated and non-coated β-TCP disks.In vitro, the β-TCP disks were then placed in osteogenic medium, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured from supernatants after culture for 2 days. Additionally, after culture for 14 days, the mRNA expression of genes encoding osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated by qRT-PCR. In vivo, the β-TCP disks were transplanted subcutaneously into rats that were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Then, the harvested disks were evaluated biochemically (ALP activity, OC content, mRNA expression of OC, ALP, BMP-2, and VEGF measured by qRT-PCR), radiologically, and histologically.Results: Significantly higher mRNA expression of almost all evaluated osteogenic and angiogenic genes was observed in the SrZnSiP and SrSiP groups than in the non-coated group, with no significant cytotoxicity elicited by the apatite coating in vitro. Moreover, in vivo, the SrZnSiP and SrSiP groups showed significantly higher osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression and higher ALP activity and OC content than the non-coated group (P < 0.05). Radiological and histopathological findings revealed abundant bone formation in the apatite-coated group.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that apatite coating of β-TCP improves osteoinductive properties without inducing significant cytotoxicity.
LncRNA HOXC-AS3 Promotes Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition through Decreasing the Expression of FBXL17 in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Weng Chengyin , Liu Xia , Mao Haibo , Fang Xisheng , Li Baoxiu , Wang Lina , Liu Guolong , Lv Lin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:The expression and biological roles of a novel lncRNA HOXC-AS3 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) are largely unknown.Methods:LncRNA HOXC-AS3 was identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Real time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of HOXC-AS3 in 68 pairs of CESC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the significance of HOXC-AS3 in predicting overall survival (OS). Correlations between HOXC-AS3 expression and clinicopathological parameters were assessed using Chi-square test. The biological functions of HOXC-AS3 in CESC were investigated using loss-of and gain-of function assays, which including cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was revealed using bioinformatics prediction, qRT-PCR and western blot.Results:HOXC-AS3 expression was significantly up-regulated in CESC tumor tissues. Up-regulated HOXC-AS3 expression was correlated with advanced stage and poor OS. Over-expression of HOXC-AS3 promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conversely, HOXC-AS3 knockdown significantly inhibited these effects. Subcellular fractionation analysis revealed that HOXC-AS3 was mainly localized in cell nuclei. Further mechanistic analyses demonstrated that HOXC-AS3 down-regulated the expression of FBXL17. The promotive effects of HOXC-AS3 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion could be repressed by FBXL17. Moreover, HOXC-AS3 activated the EMT process to promote the progression of CESC. Conclusion:In conclusion, our study indicated that HOXC-AS3 acted as an oncogenic lncRNA in CESC through downregulating FBXL17 expression and activating EMT process.
SmileGNN: Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction Based on SMILES and Graph Neural Network
Authors: Han Xueting , Li Xutao , Li Junyi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of multiple drugs at the same time can lead to unexpected adverse drug reactions. The interaction between drugs can be confirmed by routine in vitro and clinical trials. But it is difficult to test the drug-drug interaction widely and effectively before the drug is put into market. Therefore, the prediction of drug-drug interaction has become an important research in biomedical field.Results: In recent years, researchers have used deep learning to predict drug-drug interaction by using drug structural features and graph theory, and they have achieved a series of achievements. A drug-drug interaction prediction model SmileGNN is proposed in this paper. The structural features of drugs are constructed by using SMILES data. The topological features of drugs in knowledge graph are obtained by graph neural network. The structural and topological features of drugs are aggregated to predict the interaction of new drug pairs. Conclusions: The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper combines a variety of data sources, and has better prediction performance compared with the existing prediction model of drug-drug interaction prediction. The most striking result is that five out of top ten predicted new interaction of drugs are verified from the latest database, which proves the credibility of SmileGNN.
Fast Acquisition Protocol for X-ray Scattering Tensor Tomography
Authors: Kim Jisoo , Kagias Matias , Marone Federica , Shi Zhitian , Stampanoni Marco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Microstructural information over an entire sample is important to understand the macroscopic behavior of materials. X-ray scattering tensor tomography facilitates the investigation of the microstructural organisation in statistically large sample volumes. However, established acquisition protocols based on scanning small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray grating interferometry inherently require long scan times even with highly brilliant X-ray sources. Recent developments in X-ray diffractive optics towards circular pattern arrays enable fast single-shot acquisition of the sample scattering properties with 2D omnidirectional sensitivity. Leveraging on these new optical elements, we propose here simple yet inherently rapid acquisition protocols forX-ray scattering tensor tomography. Results from both simulation and experimental data, supported by a null space analysis, suggest that the proposed acquisition protocols are not only rapid but also corroborate that sufficient information for the accurate volumetric reconstruction of the scattering properties is provided. The proposed acquisition protocols will build the basis for rapid inspection and/or time-resolved tensor tomography of the microstructural organisation over an extended field of view.
Junior Medical Officers’ Knowledge of Advance Care Planning and Substitute Decision Making For People With Dementia: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Bryant Jamie , Waller Amy , Bowman Alison , Pickles Rob , Hullick Carolyn , Price Emma , White Ben , Willmott Lindy , Knight Anne , Ryall Mary-Ann , Sanson-Fisher Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

For the benefits of advance care planning (ACP) to be realised during a hospital admission, the treating team must have accurate knowledge of the law pertaining to ACP.
Aims

To determine in a sample of Junior Medical Officers (JMOs): (1) knowledge of the correct order to approach people as substitute decision makers if a patient does not have capacity to consent to treatment; (2) knowledge of the legal validity of advance care directives (ACDs) when making healthcare decisions for persons with dementia, including the characteristics associated with higher knowledge; and (3) barriers to enacting ACDs.
Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted at five public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Interns, residents, registrars, and trainees on clinical rotation during the recruitment period were eligible to participate. Consenting participants completed an anonymous pen-and-paper survey.
Results

A total of 118 JMOs completed a survey (36% return rate). Fifty-five percent of participants were female and 56.8% were aged 20–29 years. Seventy-five percent of JMOs correctly identified a Guardian as the first person to approach if a patient did not have decision-making capacity, and 74% correctly identified a person’s spouse or partner as the next person to approach. Only 16.5% identified all four persons in the correct order, and 13.5% did not identify any in the correct order. The mean number of correct responses to the questions assessing knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs was 2.6 (SD = 1.1) out of a possible score of 6. Only 28 participants (23.7%) correctly answered four or more knowledge statements correctly. None of the explored variables were significantly associated with higher knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs. Uncertainty about the currency of ACDs and uncertainty about the legal implications of relying on an ACD when a patient’s family or substitute decision maker disagree with it were the main barriers to enacting ACDs.
Conclusion

JMOs knowledge of the legal validity of ACDs for persons with dementia without capacity and the substitute decision-making hierarchy is limited. There is a clear need for targeted education and training to improve knowledge in this area for this cohort.
Modelisation of Thermally Induced Jitter in a Slender Structure
Authors: THANGAVEL KATHIRAVAN , Parisse Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The thermomechanical interactions of onboard space vehicles is an interesting field of research and study. Since the pioneering paper by Bruno Boley, published in 1954, many authors have given their relevant contribution to the comprehension of phenomena not otherwise investigable if not with a cross-sectoral approach and a multidisciplinary methodology. The anomaly that occurred to the spacecraft Alouette 1, in 1962, marked the beginning of a long series of unexpected events due to unconceivable coupling between the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the system. This work aims to emphasise, by means of a simple model, the basic mechanism responsible for elastic vibrations induced by a thermal shock. This is a widespread event experienced by a spacecraft during the transitions shadow-sun and vice-versa or when a flexible appendage, previously shadowed by the spacecraft's main body, comes to the light as a consequence of an attitude manoeuvre [Ulysses, 1990]. For the investigation, a very slender structure has been considered in order to make the thermal and mechanical characteristic times comparable and realise the conditions of strong coupling. The accurate thermal analysis provides an equivalent thermal bending moment, depending on time, which appears as a boundary condition in the subsequent modal analysis of the structural element, where it plays the role of a trigger of elastic transverse vibrations.