bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Pathogens and a Current Use Pesticide: Potential Impacts on Eastern Hellbenders
Authors: Cusaac J. Patrick W. , Carter Edward Davis , Woodhams Douglas C. , Robert Jacques , Spatz Jennifer A. , Howard Jennifer L. , Lillard Carson , Graham Allison W. , Hill Rachel D. , Reinsch Sherri , McGinnity Dale , Reeves Bill , Bemis David , Wilkes Rebecca P. , Sutton William B. , Waltzek Thomas B. , Hardman Rebecca H. , Miller Debra L. , Gray Matthew J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Populations of the eastern hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis have been declining for decades, and emerging pathogens and pesticides are hypothesized to be contributing factors. However, few empirical studies have attempted to test the potential effects of these factors on hellbenders. We simultaneously exposed subadult hellbenders to environmentally relevant concentrations of either Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) or a frog virus 3 like ranavirus (RV), a combination of the pathogens, or each pathogen following exposure to a glyphosate herbicide (Roundup). Additionally, we measured the ability of the skin mucosome to inactivate Bd and RV in growth assays. We found that mucosome significantly inactivated RV by an average of 40% but had no negative effects on Bd growth. All treatments that included RV exposure experienced reduced survival compared to controls, and the combination of RV and herbicide resulted in 100% mortality. Histopathology verified RV as the cause of mortality in all RV exposed treatments. No animals were infected with Bd or died in the Bd only treatment. Our results suggest that RV exposure may be a significant threat to the survival of subadult hellbenders and that Roundup exposure may potentially exacerbate this threat.
2D Cs2AgBiBr6 with Boosted Light–Matter Interaction for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Fang Feier , Li Henan , Fang Shaofan , Zhou Bo , Huang Fu , Ma Chun , Wan Yi , Jiang Shangchi , Wang Ye , Tian Bingbing , Shi Yumeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 has attracted significant research interests for optoelectronic applications because of its nontoxicity, inherent stability, and high detection sensitivity. In this work, the 2D Cs2AgBiBr6 with a thickness of ≈5 nm and lateral length larger than 50 µm is successfully fabricated by a space‐confined method. The fabricated ultra‐thin 2D Cs2AgBiBr6 exhibits significant advantages on photodetection, due to its enhanced light–matter interaction. Remarkably, compared with bulk Cs2AgBiBr6, 2D Cs2AgBiBr6‐based photodetectors exhibit dramatically improved optoelectronic properties including ultra‐high detectivity (D*) of 7.4 × 1014 Jones (more than ten times), photoresponsivity (R) of 54.6 A W−1 (exceeding 4.7 times), an on/off ratio of 7.4 × 104 (more than ten times), and a fast response time of ≈1.7 ms (exceeding 30 times). In addition, due to the strong photon recycling effect of Cs2AgBiBr6, optical properties in both light absorption and emission can be effectively engineered by the material thickness, which enables a tunable wavelength‐dependent photodetection. The results provide further insights on the light–matter interaction of environmentally friendly 2D perovskites related materials and shine light on their high‐performance optoelectrical applications.
Revisiting an ancient inorganic aggregation‐induced emission system: An enlightenment to clusteroluminescence
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Wang Zaiyu , Tavakoli Javad , Shan Guogang , Zhang Jianyu , Peng Chen , Xiong Yu , Zhang Xuepeng , Cheung Tsz Shing , Tang Youhong , Huang Bolong , Yu Zhaoxun , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrganic and inorganic clusteroluminescence have attracted great attention while the underlying mechanisms is still not well understood. Here, we employed a series of ancient inorganic complexes platinocyanides with aggregation‐induced emission property to elucidate the mechanism of clusteroluminescence including how does the chromophore form and how does the solid structures influence the luminescence behaviors. The results indicate that the isolated platinocyanide cannot work as a chromophore to emit visible light, while their clusterization at aggregate state can trigger the d‐orbitals coupling of the platinum atoms to facilitate the electron exchange and delocalization to form a new chromophore to emit visible light. Furthermore, the counter ions and H2O ligands help to rigidify the three‐dimensional network structure of the platinocyanides to suppress the excited state nonradiative decay, resulting in the high quantum yield of up to 96%. This work fundamentally helps understanding both the organic and inorganic clusteroluminescence phenomenon.
Aufeinanderfolgende β,β′‐selektive C(sp3)‐H‐Silylierung von tertiären Aminen mit Dihydrosilanen katalysiert durch B(C6F5)3
Authors: Fang Huaquan , Xie Kaixue , Kemper Sebastian , Oestreich Martin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEs wurde gefunden, dass Tris(pentafluorphenyl)boran die zweifache C(sp3)‐H‐Silylierung von mehreren Trialkylaminderivaten mit Dihydrosilanen katalysiert und die entsprechenden 4‐Silapiperidine in annehmbaren Ausbeuten ergibt. Die mehrstufige Reaktionsabfolge beinhaltet die Dehydrierung des Amins zum Enamin an zwei Alkylresten und zwei elektrophile (eine inter‐ und eine intramolekular) Silylierungen jener Enamine.
Unravelling the complex habitat use of the white mullet, Mugil curema, in several coastal environments from Neotropical Pacific and Atlantic waters
Authors: Avigliano Esteban , Ibañez Ana , Fabré Nidia , Callicó Fortunato Roberta , Méndez Ana , Pisonero Jorge , Volpedo Alejandra V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The white mullet, Mugil curema, is a widely distributed euryhaline species, the migratory behaviour of which is poorly understood. The objective of this work was to study the large‐scale habitat use of this species for the first time. Several environments were considered, such as euryhaline and hypersaline lagoons, the sea, and a river, distributed in the Central Pacific (Mexico) and Atlantic (Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea‐Venezuela, and north‐eastern Brazil).
Otolith core‐to‐edge Sr/Ca ratios of 163 fish, determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, were used to study the salinity‐habitat migration history of the fish. Fish from Mexico (Tamiahua Lagoon, n = 4; Alvarado Lagoon, n = 2), Venezuela (n = 1), and Brazil (n = 12) (11.1% of the total) showed high Sr/Ca values at early life stages and were classified as marine estuarine opportunists. Two specimens (from Alvarado Lagoon and Balsas River, Mexico) showed Sr/Ca values consistently below the high salinity guide value (salinity < 33.5). For the rest of the fish (87.1%), the Sr/Ca ratio suggested a displacement from the estuary towards the sea or hypersaline environments, and so these fish were classified as estuarine migrants.
A change‐point analysis identified six individuals with a single stable otolith Sr/Ca signature through ontogeny (three from Brazil, one from Venezuela, and two from Tamiahua Lagoon, Mexico), suggesting limited displacement between environments with different salinities. The rest of the individuals showed between two and 10 changes in stable Sr/Ca signatures (mean = 4.07 ± 1.85). The highest number of changes in Sr/Ca ratio (4.87 ± 1.1) was found in fish from Laguna Madre (Mexico) and the lowest was found in fish from Brazil (3.27 ± 1.70) (H = 19.8, p = 0.002).
Otolith Sr/Ca time series suggest that the migratory estuarine pattern is the most common throughout the study area. This work highlights that the sustainable use of M. curema depends on the conservation of estuaries and the corridors between them and other environments such as lagoons, rivers, mangroves and the sea.
Computational fluid dynamic simulations of regular bubble patterns in pulsed fluidized beds using a two‐fluid model
Authors: Ding Zhizhong , Tiwari Shashank S. , Tyagi Mayank , Nandakumar Krishnaswamy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis simulation study explores the two‐fluid model's (TFM) capability to reproduce the alternating bubble patterns in a sinusoidal pulsed fluidized bed (PFB). Simulations were performed with frictional limits ranging between 0.58–0.62 with the inlet gas frequency being varied in the range of 3–6 Hz. The preliminary investigations showed that the Johnson and Jackson frictional model with a frictional limit of 0.61 yields a regular bubble pattern. The inference of this regular bubble pattern was based on the discrete Fourier analysis of the temporal pressure signals obtained at different spatial locations inside the PFB. Although the one‐dimensional temporal pressure signals characterized a regular bubble pattern behaviour, the staggered bubbles visually observed were highly unstable. Moreover, in‐depth insights into the PFB's regime classification showed that the predicted regular bubble patterns are susceptible to uncertainties due to the inherent mathematical limitations of the frictional closures of the TFM. Besides, the combinations of the frictional models/ limits in the TFM simulations could not predict the high stability and intermediate stability regimes of PFB. The present investigations helped identify the limitations of frictional closure models of TFM in predicting the regular bubble patterns and the regime classification for the PFB. It also expresses the need to develop better strategies to model the frictional closure of TFM to accurately account for the ever‐evolving dense and dilute particle regions of a PFB.
Sewage sludge ashes as a primary catalyst for the abatement of tar in biomass gasification: Bubbling versus spouted‐fluidized bed configuration
Authors: Ruoppolo Giovanna , Miccio Francesco , Miccio Michele , Brachi Paola , Chirone Riccardo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSewage sludge (SS) ashes, rich in iron and calcium, have been tested as a primary catalyst during air gasification of commercial wood pellets in a pre‐pilot scale fluidized bed (FB) reactor. The shifting from a conventional fluidized bed to a spouted‐fluidized bed configuration has been assessed on the catalyst performance. Specifically, at constant total air inlet flow rate, two different values of the air flow rate in a central spouting nozzle have been adopted, which correspond to 20% and 37.5% of the total inlet gas flow rate. Under the conventional fluidized bed configuration (i.e., bubbling regime), SS ashes exhibit good performance in term of tar reduction (about 20% decrease compared to a bed of inert silica sand), without significantly affecting the syngas composition. Concerning the transition to the spouted‐fluid bed configuration, the gas‐solid contact efficiency is enhanced at lower air flow rates through the central nozzle, with respect to the FB regime, leading to better gasification performance in terms of tar reduction (around 40% less) and syngas quality. A slightly worse gasification performance is obtained at high values of air flow rate in the central nozzle, due to a progressive increase of gas bed bypassing. Furthermore, moving from the conventional FB configuration to the spouted‐fluid bed one dramatically boosts the elutriation rate of carbon fines as well as the attrition of catalyst particles.
Safety of mechanical lung vibrator and high‐frequency chest wall oscillation in patients with cardiac implantable electronic device
Authors: Gwag Hye Bin , Joh Hyun Sung , Kim June Soo , Park Kyoung‐Min , On Young Keun , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundChest physiotherapy (CPT) is a non‐pharmacological therapy to facilitate airway secretion removal. There have been concerns about potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) and lead integrity problems during the use of vibrating CPT devices in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs).HypothesisTwo CPT devices can be used safely in patients with CIED.MethodsVolunteer patients with CIED underwent device interrogation to check lead integrity and device function before and after application of CPT devices. Mechanical lung vibrator and high‐frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) vests were used while monitoring surface electrocardiograms and intra‐cardiac electrograms.ResultsWe prospectively enrolled 46 patients with CIEDs (25 pacemakers, 15 implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators, and six cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillators). There was no noise detection or EMI during CPT in any patient. None of the patients showed clinically significant changes in lead integrity parameters. HFCWO inappropriately accelerated the pacing rate up to the maximal programmed value in five patients with pacemakers and two with cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillators.ConclusionCPT may be safely applied to patients with CIED without compromising lead integrity or device function, except for unwanted increase in pacing rate caused by misdetection of chest wall vibration as patients' activity while using HFCWO. Deactivation of the accelerometer‐based activity sensor may be needed when HFCWO is planned for CPT.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Orally Bioavailable CHK1 Inhibitors Active against Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jin Tingting , Wang Peipei , Long Xiubing , Jiang Kailong , Song Pinrao , Wu Wenbiao , Xu Gaoya , Zhou Yubo , Li Jia , Liu Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCheckpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a central component in DNA damage response and has emerged as a target for antitumor therapeutics. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of potent diaminopyrimidine CHK1 inhibitors. The compounds exhibited moderate to potent CHK1 inhibition and could suppress the proliferation of malignant hematological cell lines. The optimized compound 13 had a CHK1 IC50 value of 7.73±0.74 nM, and MV‐4‐11 cells were sensitive to it (IC50=0.035±0.007 μM). Furthermore, compound 13 was metabolically stable in mouse liver microsomes in vitro and displayed moderate oral bioavailability in vivo. Moreover, treatment of MV‐4‐11 cells with compound 13 for 2 h led to robust inhibition of CHK1 autophosphorylation on serine 296. Based on these biochemical results, we consider compound 13 to be a promising CHK1 inhibitor and potential anticancer therapeutic agent.
Estimating cardiac active tension from wall motion—An inverse problem of cardiac biomechanics
Authors: Kovacheva Ekaterina , Thämer Laura , Fritz Thomas , Seemann Gunnar , Ochs Marco , Dössel Olaf , Loewe Axel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe contraction of the human heart is a complex process as a consequence of the interaction of internal and external forces. In current clinical routine, the resulting deformation can be imaged during an entire heart beat. However, the active tension development cannot be measured in vivo but may provide valuable diagnostic information. In this work, we present a novel numerical method for solving an inverse problem of cardiac biomechanics—estimating the dynamic active tension field, provided the motion of the myocardial wall is known. This ill‐posed non‐linear problem is solved using second order Tikhonov regularization in space and time. We conducted a sensitivity analysis by varying the fiber orientation in the range of measurement accuracy. To achieve RMSE <20% of the maximal tension, the fiber orientation needs to be provided with an accuracy of 10°. Also, variation was added to the deformation data in the range of segmentation accuracy. Here, imposing temporal regularization led to an eightfold decrease in the error down to 12%. Furthermore, non‐contracting regions representing myocardial infarct scars were introduced in the left ventricle and could be identified accurately in the inverse solution (sensitivity >0.95). The results obtained with non‐matching input data are promising and indicate directions for further improvement of the method. In future, this method will be extended to estimate the active tension field based on motion data from clinical images, which could provide important insights in terms of a new diagnostic tool for the identification and treatment of diseased heart tissue.
A general model of the thermal constraints on the world’s most destructive locust,Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Maeno Koutaro Ould , Piou Cyril , Kearney Michael R. , Ould Ely Sidi , Ould Mohamed Sid’Ahmed , Jaavar Mohamed El Hacen , Ould Babah Ebbe Mohamed Abdallahi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAll terrestrial ectotherms are constrained to some degree by their thermal environment and the extent to which they can behaviorally buffer variable thermal conditions. New biophysical modeling methods (NicheMapR) allow the calculation of the body temperature of thermoregulating animals anywhere in the world from first principles, but require detailed observational data for parameterization and testing. Here we describe the thermoregulatory biology of marching bands of the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria, in the Sahara Desert of Mauritania where extreme heat and strong diurnal fluctuations are a major constraint on activity and physiological processes. Using a thermal infrared camera in the field, we showed that gregarious nymphs altered the microhabitats they used, as well as postural thermoregulatory behaviors, to maintain relatively high body temperature (nearly 40°C). Field and laboratory experiments demonstrated that the preferred body temperature accelerated digestive rates. Migratory bands frequently left foraging sites with full guts before consuming all vegetation and moved to another habitat before emptying their foregut. Thus, the repertoire for behavioral thermoregulation in the desert locust strongly facilitates foraging and digestion rates, which may accelerate developmental rates and increase survival. We used our data to successfully parameterize a general biophysical model of thermoregulatory behavior that could capture hourly body temperature and activity at our remote site using globally available environmental forcing data. This modeling approach provides a stronger basis for forecasting thermal constraints on locust outbreaks under current and future climates.
Serum glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and hypertension are mediators of the effect of body mass index on severity of COVID‐19
Authors: Yan Huadong , Vijay Amrita , Jiang Fanrong , Zheng Nanhong , Hu Yaoren , Ye Honghua , Ollivere Benjamin , Cai Ting , Valdes Ana M , Aithal Guruprasad P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has a broad clinical spectrum. We investigated the role of serum markers measured on admission on severity as assessed at discharge and investigated those which relate to the effect of BMI on severity.MethodsClinical and laboratory data from 610 COVID‐19 cases hospitalized in the province of Zheijang, China were investigated as risk factors for severe COVID‐19 (assessed by respiratory distress) compared to mild or common forms using logistic regression methods. Biochemical markers were correlated with severity using spearman correlations, and a ROC analysis was used to determine the individual contribution of each of the biochemical markers on severity. We carried out formal mediation analyses to investigate the extent of the effect of body mass index (BMI) on COVID‐19 severity mediated by hypertension, glycemia, Lactose Dehydrogenase (LDH) at the time of hospitalization and C‐Reactive Protein levels (CRP), in units of standard deviations.ResultsThe individual markers measured on admission contributing most strongly to prediction of COVID‐19 severity as assessed at discharge were LDH, CRP and glucose. The proportion of the effect of BMI on severity of COVID‐19 mediated by CRP, glycemia or hypertension, we find that glucose mediated 79% (p < .0001), LDH mediated 78% (p < .0001), hypertension mediated 66% (p < .0001); however, only 44% (p < .005) was mediated by systemic inflammation (CRP).ConclusionOur data indicate that a larger proportion of the effect of BMI on severity of COVID‐19 is mediated by glycemia and LDH levels whereas less than half of it is mediated by systemic inflammation.
Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure
Authors: Bozkurt Biykem , Coats Andrew J.S. , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Abdelhamid Ca Magdy , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Albert Nancy , Anker Stefan D. , Atherton John , Böhm Michael , Butler Javed , Drazner Mark H. , Michael Felker G. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Fiuzat Mona , Fonarow Gregg C. , Gomez‐Mesa Juan‐Esteban , Heidenreich Paul , Imamura Teruhiko , Jankowska Ewa A. , Januzzi James , Khazanie Prateeti , Kinugawa Koichiro , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Matsue Yuya , Metra Marco , Ohtani Tomohito , Francesco Piepoli Massimo , Ponikowski Piotr , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Sakata Yasushi , Seferović Petar , Starling Randall C. , Teerlink John R. , Vardeny Orly , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Yancy Clyde , Zhang Jian , Zieroth Shelley 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this document, we propose a universal definition of heart failure (HF) as a clinical syndrome with symptoms and/or signs caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion. We also propose revised stages of HF as: At risk for HF (Stage A), Pre‐HF (Stage B), Symptomatic HF (Stage C) and Advanced HF (Stage D). Finally, we propose a new and revised classification of HF according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This includes HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF ≤40%; HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF 41–49%; HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF ≥50%; and HF with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF): symptomatic HF with a baseline LVEF ≤40%, a ≥10 point increase from baseline LVEF, and a second measurement of LVEF > 40%.
When do rock glacier fronts fail? Insights from two case studies in South Tyrol (Italian Alps)
Authors: Kofler Christian , Mair Volkmar , Gruber Stephan , Todisco Maria Cristina , Nettleton Ian , Steger Stefan , Zebisch Marc , Schneiderbauer Stefan , Comiti Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe fronts of two rock glaciers located in South Tyrol (Italian Alps) failed on 13 August 2014, initiating debris flows in their downslope channels. A multimethod approach including climate, meteorological, and ground temperature data analysis, aerial image correlation, as well as geotechnical testing and modeling, led to the reconstruction of the two events. An integrated investigation of static predisposing factors, slowly changing preparatory factors, and potential triggering events shed light on the most likely reasons for such failures. Our results suggest that the occurrence of front destabilization at the two rock glaciers can only partly be explained by the occurrence of heavy rainfall events. Indeed, antecedent hydrological and thermal ground conditions were characterized by a saturated active layer favored by a snow‐rich winter and extensive precipitation in late spring and summer. Also, the rising trend of air temperature during spring and summer months since 1950s might explain the concurrent marked displacement of the two rock glaciers. Indeed, geotechnical investigations have provided strong indications that one of the investigated rock glacier fronts was at a marginally stable state prior to 2014. As rainfall events more intense than the one that occurred in August 2014 were previously recorded in the same area without resulting failures at the studied rock glaciers, we propose that both predisposing and preparatory destabilizing factors have played a key role in the 2014 rock glacier front failures.