bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational lensing by a quantum deformed Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Lu Xu , Xie Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate the weak and strong deflection gravitational lensing by a quantum deformed Schwarzschild black hole and find their observables. These lensing observables are evaluated and the detectability of the quantum deformation is assessed, after assuming the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87* respectively in the Galactic Center and at the center of M87 as the lenses. We also intensively compare these findings with those of a renormalization group improved Schwarzschild black hole and an asymptotically safe black hole. We find that, among these black holes, it is most likely to test the quantum deformed Schwarzschild black hole via its weak deflection lensing observables in the foreseen future.
Artificial Intelligence for Modeling Complex Systems: Taming the Complexity of Expert Models to Improve Decision Making
Authors: Gil Yolanda , Garijo Daniel , Khider Deborah , Knoblock Craig A. , Ratnakar Varun , Osorio Maximiliano , Vargas Hernán , Pham Minh , Pujara Jay , Shbita Basel , Vu Binh , Chiang Yao-Yi , Feldman Dan , Lin Yijun , Song Hayley , Kumar Vipin , Khandelwal Ankush , Steinbach Michael , Tayal Kshitij , Xu Shaoming , Pierce Suzanne A. , Pearson Lissa , Hardesty-Lewis Daniel , Deelman Ewa , Silva Rafael Ferreira Da , Mayani Rajiv , Kemanian Armen R. , Shi Yuning , Leonard Lorne , Peckham Scott , Stoica Maria , Cobourn Kelly , Zhang Zeya , Duffy Christopher , Shu Lele 
Published: July 2021

Major societal and environmental challenges involve complex systems that have diverse multi-scale interacting processes. Consider, for example, how droughts and water reserves affect crop production and how agriculture and industrial needs affect water quality and availability. Preventive measures, such as delaying planting dates and adopting new agricultural practices in response to changing weather patterns, can reduce the damage caused by natural processes. Understanding how these natural and human processes affect one another allows forecasting the effects of undesirable situations and study interventions to take preventive measures. For many of these processes, there are expert models that incorporate state-of-the-art theories and knowledge to quantify a system's response to a diversity of conditions. A major challenge for efficient modeling is the diversity of modeling approaches across disciplines and the wide variety of data sources available only in formats that require complex conversions. Using expert models for particular problems requires integration of models with third-party data as well as integration of models across disciplines. Modelers face significant heterogeneity that requires resolving semantic, spatiotemporal, and execution mismatches, which are largely done by hand today and may take more than 2 years of effort.
We are developing a modeling framework that uses artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to reduce modeling effort while ensuring utility for decision making. Our work to date makes several innovative contributions: (1) an intelligent user interface that guides analysts to frame their modeling problem and assists them by suggesting relevant choices and automating steps along the way; (2) semantic metadata for models, including their modeling variables and constraints, that ensures model relevance and proper use for a given decision-making problem; and (3) semantic representations of datasets in terms of modeling variables that enable automated data selection and data transformations. This framework is implemented in the MINT (Model INTegration) framework, and currently includes data and models to analyze the interactions between natural and human systems involving climate, water availability, agricultural production, and markets. Our work to date demonstrates the utility of AI techniques to accelerate modeling to support decision-making and uncovers several challenging directions for future work.
On Computing Multilinear Polynomials Using Multi-
r
-ic Depth Four Circuits
Authors: Chillara Suryajith 
Published: July 2021

In this article, we are interested in understanding the complexity of computing multilinear polynomials using depth four circuits in which the polynomial computed at every node has a bound on the individual degree of
r
≥ 1 with respect to all its variables (referred to as multi-
r
-ic circuits). The goal of this study is to make progress towards proving superpolynomial lower bounds for general depth four circuits computing multilinear polynomials, by proving better bounds as the value of
r
increases.

Recently, Kayal, Saha and Tavenas (Theory of Computing, 2018) showed that any depth four arithmetic circuit of bounded individual degree
r
computing an explicit multilinear polynomial on
n

O
(1)

variables and degree
d
must have size at least (
n
/
r
1.1
)

Ω(√
d
/
r
)

. This bound, however, deteriorates as the value of
r
increases. It is a natural question to ask if we can prove a bound that does not deteriorate as the value of
r
increases, or a bound that holds for a
larger
regime of
r
.

In this article, we prove a lower bound that does not deteriorate with increasing values of
r
, albeit for a specific instance of
d
=
d
(
n
) but for a
wider
range of
r
. Formally, for all large enough integers
n
and a small constant η, we show that there exists an explicit polynomial on
n

O
(1)

variables and degree Θ (log
2
n
) such that any depth four circuit of bounded individual degree
r
≤
n
η must have size at least exp(Ω(log
2
n
)). This
improvement
is obtained by suitably adapting the complexity measure of Kayal et al. (Theory of Computing, 2018). This adaptation of the measure is inspired by the complexity measure used by Kayal et al. (SIAM J. Computing, 2017).
Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Prestroke Disability
Authors: Tanaka Kanta , Yamagami Hiroshi , Yoshimoto Takeshi , Uchida Kazutaka , Morimoto Takeshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Sakai Nobuyuki , Yoshimura Shinichi 
Published: July 2021

Background
Outcomes after stroke as a result of large‐vessel occlusion in patients with prestroke disability were compared between endovascular therapy (EVT) and medical management.

Methods and Results

Of 2420 patients with acute stroke with large‐vessel occlusion in a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry in Japan, patients with prestroke modified Rankin Scale scores 2 to 4 with occlusion of the internal carotid artery, or M1 of the middle cerebral artery were analyzed. The primary effectiveness outcome was the favorable outcome, defined as return to at least the prestroke modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. A total of 339 patients (237 women; median 85 [interquartile range (IQR), 79–89] years of age; median prestroke modified Rankin Scale score of 3 [IQR, 2–4]) were analyzed. EVT was performed in 175 patients (51.6%; mechanical thrombectomy, n=139). The EVT group was younger (
p
<0.01) and had lower prestroke modified Rankin Scale scores (
p
<0.01) than the medical management group. The favorable outcome was seen in 28.0% of the EVT group and in 10.9% of the medical management group (
p
<0.01). EVT was associated with the favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.55–5.85; mixed effects multivariable model with inverse probability of treatment weighting). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates were similar between the EVT (4.0%) and medical management (4.3%) groups (
p
=1.00).

Conclusions
Patients who underwent EVT showed better functional outcomes than those with medical management. Given proper patient selection, withholding EVT solely on the basis of prestroke disability might not offer the best chance of favorable outcome.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02419794.
Getting a Handle on 1QIsaiahb
Authors: Johnson Michael B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article examines Hartmut Stegemann’s preliminary proposal that the remains of the beginning handle sheet of 1QHa have survived and provide useful data for reconstructing the scroll. According to Stegemann, this handle sheet supplies critical material evidence that three columns existed before 1QHa 4, the first substantially extant column in the manuscript. The handle sheet was recovered from one of three scrolls, 1QM, 1QIsab, and 1QHa. Each of these possibilities is considered, and a new proposal that the handle sheet belongs to the end of 1QIsab is advanced. The article offers a tentative reconstruction of the handle sheet as part of 1QIsab to demonstrate its material continuity with col. 28 of 1QIsab.
The Ur-Muwaṭṭaʾ and Its Recensions
Authors: El Shamsy Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this essay, I use the numerous extensive quotations from Mālik found in al-Shāfiʿī’s Kitāb al-Umm to reconstruct what might be called al-Shāfiʿī’s recension of Mālik’s Muwaṭṭaʾ and to compare this recension with the surviving complete Muwaṭṭaʾ recensions of Abū Muṣʿab al-Zuhrī, Ibn Bukayr, and Yaḥyā b. Yaḥyā al-Laythī. I present examples of the differences between the recensions, analyze one specific type of variant closely, and use my findings to suggest possible reasons for the various kinds of discrepancies. Through this analysis I both affirm Mālik’s role as the Muwaṭṭaʾ’s author and situate the nature of his authorship in the context of teaching and transmission practices and the materiality of the book in the second/eighth century.
Evidence of infanticide in the Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra)
Authors: Britnell J.A. , Vorster L. , Shultz S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Infanticide has been described across mammal species. Infanticide is thought to be a tactic which increases reproductive opportunities or reduces competition over local resources. Species of the genus Equus exhibit life history traits such as expensive young, long gestation, lactation and dependency, extended inter-birth interval when there is a foal at foot and strong male reproductive skew. These traits suggest infanticide may be present throughout the genus. However, most documented cases of infanticide attempts come from captive populations and rely heavily on indirect accounts in free-roaming populations. Here, we report an infanticide attempt in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra). The aggression was perpetrated by multiple bachelor males on two foals belonging to the same family group. The foals were separated from the parent group, chased and harried for a total of 45 minutes before the mothers and herd stallion were able to regain their offspring. We also report three cases of infanticide from necropsy. The injuries sustained by the foals are consistent with infanticide-based injuries documented in other equids species. The timing of these deaths occurs after a stallion turnover. These two cases provide the most conclusive evidence to date that infanticide takes place within mountain zebra.
Rehearsal of the Apocalypse: Christians of the Post-Soviet Regions about Covid-19
Authors: Belyaev Alexander , Matushanskaya Yulia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has confronted the global religious community with the need to review the traditions and practices that have developed over the centuries. It has clearly shown that apocalyptic literature and its ideas are closely related to the context of this crisis. The former Soviet regions are no exception to this tendency. The connection between Covid-19 and the Revelation of John has become a point of discussion in different kinds of media. The purpose of this article is to analyze the representative views of various Christian confessions within the post-Soviet region. The intention is to identify an appropriate hermeneutical paradigm. There are four basic hermeneutical schools of interpretation of the apocalypse – the preterist, historicist, idealist and futurist. What is emphasized in the experience of post-Soviet Christians is the idealistic and/or futuristic. Covid-19 is perceived as a rehearsal of the apocalypse.
Christian Theology and the Capabilities Approach: Constructing a Method for Engagement
Authors: van den Heuvel Steven C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article focuses attention on the capabilities approach, an increasingly influential approach to human development. The case is made that, in light of its popularity, a Christian public theological engagement with this approach is needed. The various attempts that have been made up until now to engage the capabilities approach from the perspective of Christian theology have been lacking in methodological awareness and clarity. On account of this weakness an explicit methodological framework is developed through a revised form of the method of correlation. For that purpose, the work of Paul Tillich, David Tracy and Dan Browning is put to use. What this revised method leads to in practice is examined through a dialogue with Martha Nussbaum (one of the main proponents of the capabilities approach) and Dietrich Bonhoeffer.
Can Existing Theory Predict the Response of Tropical Cyclone Intensity to Idealized Landfall?
Authors: Chen Jie , Chavas Daniel R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTropical cyclones cause significant inland hazards, including wind damage and freshwater flooding, which depend strongly on how storm intensity evolves after landfall. Existing theoretical predictions for storm intensification and equilibrium storm intensity have been tested over the open ocean but have not yet been applied to storms after landfall. Recent work examined the transient response of the tropical cyclone low-level wind field to instantaneous surface roughening or drying in idealized axisymmetricf-plane simulations. Here, experiments testing combined surface roughening and drying with varying magnitudes of each are used to test theoretical predictions for the intensity response. The transient response to combined surface forcings can be reproduced by the product of their individual responses, in line with traditional potential intensity theory. Existing intensification theory is generalized to weakening and found capable of reproducing the time-dependent inland intensity decay. The initial (0–10 min) rapid decay of near-surface wind caused by surface roughening is not captured by existing theory but can be reproduced by a simple frictional spindown model, where the decay rate is a function of surface drag coefficient. Finally, the theory is shown to compare well with the prevailing empirical decay model for real-world storms. Overall, results indicate the potential for existing theory to predict how tropical cyclone intensity evolves after landfall.
Global prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment following extremely preterm birth: a systematic literature review
Authors: Sarda Sujata P. , Sarri Grammati , Siffel Csaba 
Published: July 2021

Objective Neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) is a major complication of extreme prematurity. This systematic review was conducted to summarize the worldwide long-term prevalence of NDI associated with extreme prematurity. Methods Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched for epidemiologic and observational/real-world studies, published in English between 2011 and 2016, reporting long-term prevalence of NDI (occurring from 1 year) among extremely preterm infants born at gestational age (GA) ≤28 weeks. Results Of 2406 articles identified through searches, 69 met the protocol NDI definition (24 North America, 25 Europe, 20 Rest of World). Prevalence of any severity NDI in North America was 8%–59% at 18 months to 2 years, and 11%–37% at 2–5 years; prevalence of moderate NDI in Europe was 10%–13% at 18 months to 2 years, 3% at 2–5 years, and 9%–19% at ≥5 years; prevalence of any NDI in Rest of World was 15%–61% at 18 months to 2 years, and 42% at 2–5 years (no North America/Rest of World studies reported any NDI at ≥5 years). A trend toward higher prevalence of NDI with lower GA at birth was observed. Conclusions Extreme prematurity has a significant long-term worldwide impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Acupuncture inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin, promotes autophagy and attenuates neurological deficits in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhang Beng , Li Xin-Wei , Du Jia , Feng Pei-Pei , Cheng Chen , Zhu Zhong-Hua , Lou Ke-Lang , Ruan Chen , Zhou Chi , Sun Xiao-Wei 
Published: July 2021

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for approximately 15% of all stroke cases. Previous studies suggested that acupuncture may improve ICH-induced neurological deficits. Therefore, we investigated the effects of acupuncture on neurological deficits in an animal model of ICH. Methods: Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with autologous blood (50 μL) into the right caudate nucleus. Additional rats underwent sham surgery as controls. ICH rats either received acupuncture (GV20 through GB7 on the side of the lesion) or sham acupuncture (1 cm to the right side of the traditional acupuncture point locations). Some ICH rats received acupuncture plus rapamycin injection into the right lateral ventricle. Neurological deficits in the various groups were assessed based on composite neurological score. The perihemorrhagic penumbra was analyzed by histopathology following hematoxylin–eosin staining. Levels of autophagy-related proteins light chain (LC)3 and p62 as well as of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-related proteins, and phosphorylated (p)-mTOR and p-S6K1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1), were assessed by Western blotting. Results: Acupuncture significantly improved composite neurological scores 7 days after ICH (17.7 ± 1.49 vs 14.8 ± 1.32, p < 0.01). Acupuncture augmented autophagosome and autolysosome accumulation based on transmission electron microscopy. Acupuncture significantly increased expression of LC3 (p < 0.01) but decreased expression of p62 (p < 0.01). Acupuncture also reduced levels of p-mTOR and p-S6K1 (both p < 0.01). Conclusion: Acupuncture improved neurological deficits in a rat model of ICH, possibly by inhibiting the mTOR pathway and activating autophagy.
Retinal vascular geometry detection as a biomarker in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Gengyuan , Xia Honghui , Feng Ziqing , Xiao Peng , Yuan Jin 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To compare the vessel geometry characteristics of color fundus photographs in normal control and diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and to find potential biomarkers for early diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on a neural network vessel segmentation system and automated vascular geometry parameter analysis software. Methods: A total of 102 consecutive patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and 132 healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent general ophthalmic examinations, and retinal fundus photographs were taken with a digital fundus camera without mydriasis. Color fundus photographs were input into a dense-block generative adversarial network (D-GAN)-assisted retinal vascular segmentation system ( http://www.gdcerc.cn:8081/#/login ) to obtain binary images. These images were then analyzed by customized software (ocular microvascular analysis system V2.9.1) for automatic processing of vessel geometry parameters, including the monofractal dimension ( Dbox), multifractal dimension ( D0), vessel area ratio ( R), max vessel diameter ( dmax), average vessel diameter ( dave), arc–chord ratio (A/C), and tortuosity (τn). Geometric differences between the healthy subjects and DM patients were analyzed. Then, regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the vascular geometry parameters. Results: No significant differences were observed between the baseline characteristics of each group. DM patients had lower Dbox and D0 values (1.330 ± 0.041; 1.347 ± 0.038) than healthy subjects (1.343 ± 0.048, p < 0.05; 1.362 ± 0.042, p < 0.05) and showed increasing values of dmax, dave, A/C, and τn compared with normal controls, although only the differences in dave and τn between the groups were statistically significant. In the regression analysis, dave and τn showed a good correlation with diabetes ( dave, OR 1.765, 95% CI 1.319–2.362, p < 0.001; τn, OR 9.323, 95% CI 1.492–58.262, p < 0.05). Conclusions: We demonstrated the relationship between retinal vascular geometry and the process in DM patients, showing that Dbox, D0, dave, and τn may be indicators of morphological changes in retinal vessels in DM patients and can be early biomarkers of DR.
Experiencing loneliness in parenthood: a scoping review
Authors: Nowland R , Thomson G , McNally L , Smith T , Whittaker K 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Chronic loneliness is experienced by around a third of parents, but there is no comprehensive review into how, why and which parents experience loneliness. This scoping review aimed to provide insight into what is already known about parental loneliness and give directions for further applied and methodological research. Methods: Searches for peer-reviewed articles were undertaken in six databases: PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus, during May 2019 to February 2020. We searched for English studies which examined loneliness experienced during parenthood, including studies that involved parents with children under 16 years and living at home and excluding studies on pregnancy, childbirth or postbirth hospital care. Results: From 2566 studies retrieved, 133 were included for analysis. Most studies ( n = 80) examined the experience of loneliness in specific groups of parents, for example, teenage parents, parents of a disabled child. Other studies examined theoretical issues ( n = 6) or health and wellbeing impacts on parents ( n = 16) and their offspring ( n = 17). There were 14 intervention studies with parents that measured loneliness as an outcome. Insights indicate that parental loneliness may be different to loneliness experienced in other cohorts. There is evidence that parental loneliness has direct and intergenerational impacts on parent and child mental health. Some parents (e.g. with children with chronic illness or disability, immigrant or ethnic minority parents) also appear to be at increased risk of loneliness although evidence is not conclusive. Conclusion: This work has identified key gaps with further international, comparative and conceptual research needed.