bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Periodontal Status and Treatment Needs among Beedi Factory Workers
Authors: Singh Anupama , Sinha Raman Kant , Richa Shree , Kumar Rajiva , Kishor Amit , Kumar Abhishek 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Periodontal disease is considered to be one of the most common oral conditions in human population sharing an equal prevalence rate in both developed and developing countries. It is observed that in India, more than 800 million beedis are sold every year; hence, beedi making is a big industry involving approximately 4.4 million workers, and 76% of these workers are women.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to assess the frequency of gingival and periodontal disease and to evaluate the treatment needs in labors working in a beedi factory.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 daily wage labors working in a beedi factory resided at Patna, Bihar. Subjects aged between 19 and 60 years were randomly selected for the study. The community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) index with CPTIN probe along with the demographic data was recorded in daylight.

Results:
None of the study subjects was found to fall in category community periodontal index-1 (CPI-1), 67.2% of the study population was found to be in CPI-2, 12.3% were found to be in CPI-3, and 9.7% of the study subjects scored CPI-4. For the treatment needs, majority of the subjects were in TN2 category; however, with advancing age, there was increase in the percentage of population requiring TN3 treatment needs.

Conclusion:
CPITN index along with the demographic data was recorded in daylight. The high prevalence rate of periodontal disease in these beedi factory workers was found, which increased with advancing age. The treatment need index also showed rise in the requirement of complex procedures with advancing age, suggesting the role of dental education and regular checkups in these population groups.
Oral Health Myths among General Population at Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit Murugendrappa , Alqahtani Ali Mesfer , Asiri Ali Mohammed , Aldossary Shaya Farhan , Alkhurayef Ibrahim Abdullah , Alheneshi Dhafer Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Taboos or myths have got a connection from the history where there was no scientific understanding about the concepts of health they are part of culture and information shared or communicated by a number of people. Understanding myths and misbelieves are important to provide good oral care with health education to the people.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of oral health myths and to find its association between the demographic factors of general public in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
Questionnaire consisting of demographic details and myths about oral health problems was sent through Google forms. The link of questionnaire was sent through social media and requested to send the link to their friends and relatives.

Results:
About 50.71% of the study participants were against to myths and 23.48% of study participants were toward myths. The response in terms of agreement, disagreement or do not know was statistically not significant according to age, gender, or education.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of myths about dental treatment is almost 50%. This population needs to be educated to know the fact and to take action to rectify them about dental treatments.
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 among Students from Multiple Professional Background in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharanesha Rajashekhara Bhari , Aljuai Bader Khalid , Alfaifi Tariq Ahmed , Shukr Abdulelah M. , Bamuqadm Mohammed Abdullah , Alhoti Abdulmalik Abdullah 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 is abbreviated as “COVID-19” caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 first emerged in Wuhan, China, on December 2019. On 15th of March, this disease has been classified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic and a global public health emergency.

Objective:
The study's aim was to evaluate the knowledge and behavior toward the virus among professional students of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study done on 753 students which were invited to complete a Google document using a 20-item electronic questionnaire that was design to gauge knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19. The study was conducted from February 20 to March 18, 2020 in Alkharj and Riyadh region.

Results:
The predominant sex is male (73%), the common age is <25 years old, more medical students were involved in the study than any other specialty and the predominant educational degree of the participants was bachelors. The awareness of mode of transmission of novel coronavirus infection is less in business administration participants compare to others and is highly significant (P ˂ 0.001). Most of the participants (588 [98%]) were aware of coronavirus but only 302 (50%) of respondents are aware of COVID-19 which is highly significant (P ˂ 0.001).

Conclusion:
The results are mostly uniform among different professional students with the exception of some knowledge-related questions. The Internet was the main source of information, so there is a need to create more awareness about COVID-19 through social media.
Oral Health and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Control Study
Authors: Ahmed Suhael , Kumar Shubham , Alsaadi Rana Ali , Ansari Faisal Mohiuddin , Abrol Surbhi , Bhowmick Devleena , Tabassum Nafeesa 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Association between oral health and rheumatoid arthritis is well established. Oral health-related quality of life was determined in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted among 45 patients (males 25 and female 20) (Group I) of RA and 45 healthy participants as control (Group II). Disease activity score 28 test, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), and general oral health assessment index (GOHAI) questionnaire were applied.

Results:
The mean HAQ score in Group I was 1.14 and in Group II was 0.36. The mean GOHAI score in Group I was 36.4 and in Group II was 52.8. The mean HAQ in males was 0.94 and in females was 34.6. The mean GOHAI in males was 12.6 and in females was 38.2. In Group I, there were 15 patients with HAQ level 1 and 30 with HAQ level 2 and in Group II was 40 with HAQ levels 1 and 5 with HAQ level 2. In Group I, 42 had Dt GOHAI = 0 and 3 had Dt GOHAI = 1 and in Group II, 10 had Dt GOHAI = 0 and 35 had Dt GOHAI = 1. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean value of HAQ and GOHAI in degree of disease activity (P < 0.05). There was an increase in HAQ and decreases GOHAI scores with the deterioration of disease. There was a correlation between age and involved joints with HAQ and inverse relationship between age and involved joints with GOHAI.

Conclusion:
Authors found that RA patients had poor oral health quality of life. It was found that aging and with the deterioration of disease, GOHAI, and the oral health quality of life of patients decreased.
Incidence and Severity of Postoperative Pain Following Root Canal Treatment in Nonvital Pulps with Hand and Rotary Instrumentation Techniques in Chhattisgarh Population
Authors: Motlani Mahesh , Prasad P. Krishna , Makkad Ramanpal Singh , Nair Rashmi , Khiyani Saara , Batra Sushmita 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
To evaluate the incidence and severity of postoperative pain following root canal treatment in nonvital pulps with hand and rotary instrumentation techniques in Chhattisgarh population.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty asymptomatic single-canaled nonvital teeth were selected and were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group I: 30 single-canalled teeth were treated in a single visit and prepared with hand file system. Group II: 30 single-canaled teeth treated in a single visit and prepared with K3-rotary file system. Group I and II were divided into two subgroups of 15 each (Group IA, IB and Group IIA, IIB) which were irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, respectively. The patients were recalled at 24, 48, and 72 h and at 1 week to record the incidence and severity of postoperative pain by using visual analog scale.

Results:
Results showed low incidence and severity of postoperative pain following a single-visit treatment with rotary instrumentation when compared to hand instrumentation technique. No statistical significant difference was observed between the groups at different time intervals, i.e., at 24, 48, and 72 h and at 1 week. The use of recent endodontic techniques and devices reduces the postoperative pain.

Conclusions:
Postoperative pain after root canal treatment ranged from mild to severe and it can happen even after high-standard root canal treatment. There is low incidence and severity of postoperative pain following a single-visit treatment with rotary instrumentation when compared to hand instrumentation technique.
Analysis of Surface Roughness and Three-dimensional Scanning Topography of Zirconia Implants before and after Photofunctionalization by Atomic Force Microscopy: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jaikumar R. Arun , Karthigeyan Suma , Ramesh Bhat T.R , Naidu Madhulika , Praveen Raj G. R. , Natarajan Senthil 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
To analyze surface roughness and three-dimensional (3D) scanning topography parameters of zirconia implants before and after photofunctionalization by atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Materials and Methods:
Ten commercially available zirconia implants five each in the study and control group were taken. The study group was subjected to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 48 h using the shorter wavelength of 254 nm. After washing all the implants with 70% alcohol and drying, 3D surface topography and roughness parameters were analyzed using CSC 17 probe AFM at three different magnifications 25 μm, 50 μm, and 80 μm, respectively.

Results:
The surface topography and calculated mean amplitude, spatial, and hybrid parameters of the study group were higher than the control group (P < 0.05) in all three magnifications. Up to scale depth and peak value for the study and control group were (−0.4–0.4: −2-1) (−0.75 to 0.6:−1–1.3) (−0.75-−0.5: −1.5-1.3) for the study and control group at 25, 50, and 80 μm magnification, respectively. This indicates that photofunctionalization increased surface roughness of Zirconia implants to desirable extent.

Conclusion:
There is a definite difference in the quantitative topographic characteristics with zirconia implants being microroughned after photofunctionalization (UV treatment).
Self-Reported Knowledge and Practice of Interdental Aids among People of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gufran Khalid , Alanazi Khalid Muslih , Alanazi Abdulrhman Khalid , Alqwiri Abdulmajeed Saeed , Alsubaie Faiz Mohammed , Alotaibi Nawaf Munawir 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Periodontal disease is a common pathological oral ailment which affects the supporting structures of the teeth. Dental plaque is one of the major causes for gingivitis and periodontitis. If left untreated, this will lead to tooth loss. Studies have shown that oral prophylaxis will reduce gingival and periodontal inflammation by removing the plaque in all the surfaces. The objective was to assess knowledge and practice of interdental aids among people of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
A descriptive study was conducted among people using questionnaire.

Results:
96% of the subjects brushed their teeth with brush and paste. 59% of the study subjects had knowledge regarding interdental aids, whereas only 15% of them practiced it. 72% of the people mentioned that dentists gave information regarding interdental aids.

Conclusions:
Among the study subjects, even though there were deficits in few areas, overall knowledge about interdental aids was good and it increased with increasing level of education.
Comparative Evaluation of Internal Margin Adaptation and Integrity of Class I Preparations using Two Composites: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bhol Subhasmita , Patwa Neha , Sharan Suprabha , Sha Shemil Mohamed , Abdul Muqthadir Siddiqui Mohammed , Pius Alen , Singh Shalini 
Published: June 2021

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the internal margin adaptation and integrity of Class 1 preparations using two composites types (bulk fill/conventional) with two placement methods (4/2 mm increments).

Materials and Methods:
Class 1 preparations of 4 mm × 4 mm dimensions were made on 30 extracted human mandibular molars. They were randomly divided into three groups; among them, in Group 1 (n = 10), cavities were filled with SureFil SDR Bulk Fill, Group 2 (n = 10) cavities were filled with Filtek Bulk Fill of 4 mm increments in both groups, and in Group 3 (n = 10), cavities were filled with conventional composite Filtek Z350 with 2 mm increments. Samples were sectioned occlusogingivally. Then, dye was on internal margins, and images of each specimen were recorded using a digital camera to evaluate the marginal integrity and adaptation of restorative material to the tooth surface with image analysis software. Then, collected data were put under the statistical analysis with analysis of variance test and post hoc Tukey's test.

Results:
There was no significant difference in overall dye penetration in bulk fill and conventional (incremental fill) composite resins; however, when dye penetration was evaluated at different locations, within enamel and mid-dentin, significantly more gap-free margins were found than at the pulpal interface. Filtek Bulk Fill and conventional composite (Filtek Z350) showed comparatively more dye penetration toward the pulpal interface compared to SDR Bulk Fill.

Conclusion:
There were no significant differences in percentage of gap-free margins between fill types for any of the composite materials. The proportions of gap-free margin were less at the pulpal interface and mid-dentin portions and enamel when filled with 4 and 2 mm increments.
Assessment of the Relationship between Dental Anxiety and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Khan Siraj D. A. A. , Alqannass Naif Mahdi , Alwadei Mohannad Mesfer , Alnajrani Mazen Dhafer , Alshahrani Ziyad Mohammed , Al Alhareth Ali Yahya , Alqahtani Khalid Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Dental anxiety and fear are the frequently encountered entities among most of the patients. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between dental anxiety and quality of life (QoL).

Materials and Methods:
This study comprised of 118 patients. Dental trait anxiety (dental anxiety scale [DAS] and short version of the dental anxiety inventory [S-DAI]), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score, and global assessment of functioning were recorded before and after treatment.

Results:
Out of 118 patients, males were 52 and females were 56. There was a correlation between both oral health ratings and DMFT (P < 0.001). OHIP-14 total score was significantly associated with both dental anxiety measures. DMFT shows significant association with dental anxiety and oral health-related QoL (OH-QoL) (P < 0.05). The mean DAS score before treatment was 17.3 and after treatment was 12.60, S-DAI score was 40.1 and 31.5 before and after treatment respectively, oral health status (patient rating) was 38.4 and 74.20 before and after treatment respectively, oral health status (dentist rating) was 38.7 and 73.1 before and after treatment respectively and aesthetics (dentist rating) was 35.6 and 72.4 before and after treatment respectively. There was improvement of OH-QoL with dental anxiety reduction which was significantly significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Authors found that there is correlation between dental anxiety and fear with the poor oral health-related oral hygiene.
Anaesthetic Efficacy of Lidocaine and Articaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Combined with Buccal Infiltration in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis
Authors: Gandhi Shrimanikandan Ayappa , Das Sambarta , Das Abhisek , Agnihotri Yoshaskam , Mohan Rajanna Venkatraman , Dasu Subramanian Venkata Ramanan 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted to compare the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine and 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) combined with buccal infiltration in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Methods:
Group I: Thirty patients received IANB of 2% lidocaine without buccal infiltration. Group II: Thirty patients received IANB of 2% lidocaine followed by buccal infiltration with 2% lidocaine. Group III: Thirty patients received IANB with 4% articaine followed by buccal infiltration with 4% articaine. Pain during the procedures was recorded by using a Heft Parker visual analog scale. No pain or mild pain on endodontic access was recorded as success and analyzed using Chi-square analysis.

Results:
Group I obtained 30% success rate. Fifty percent successful anesthesia was obtained for Group II. The success rate was increased to 70% for Group III with statistically significant difference among all the groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The use of 4% articaine as both IANB and buccal infiltration recorded the highest success rate (70%) when compared to either 2% lidocaine as IANB with buccal infiltration (50%) or 2% lidocaine as IANB alone (30%) in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Indian Population
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Chauhan Rashi , Anand Kumar , Singh Manisha , Das Somesh Ranjan , Sinha Amitabh Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The present study was conducted to assess risk factors and prevalence of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) among Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
1280 Indian population of both genders were enrolled. Habits such as smoking bidi, cigarette, consumption of tobacco such as in the form of zarda, chaini khaini, pan masala, arecanut, and alcohol were recorded. Risk factors and prevalence rate of disorders were recorded.

Results:
There were 750 (58.6%) males and 530 (41.4%) females. Speckled leukoplakia was seen among 470 (36.7%), oral lichen planus (OLP) in 246 (19.2%), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in 274 (21.4%), erythroplakia in 120 (9.3%), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in 107 (8.3%) participants. Maximum cases of speckled leukoplakia (162) was seen in the age group of 31–40 years, OLP (99) in 41–50 years, OSMF (95) in 31–40 years, erythroplakia (48) in 21–30 years, OSCC (44) in 41–50 years.

Conclusion:
Risks factors associated with PMDs were found to be tobacco and arecanut. There was higher prevalence of leukoplakia. Age group of 31–40 years had higher cases and most common site was buccal mucosa and vestibule.
A Randomized Controlled Trial on a Minimally Invasive Microsurgical Versus Conventional Procedure for the Management of Localized Gingival Recession in Esthetic Zone using Alloderm
Authors: Srivastava Robin , Mohan Ranjana , Saravana Balaji M. D. , Vijay V. K. , Srinivasan S. , Navarasu M. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Microsurgical technique is a recent advancement in periodontal plastic surgery, which improves the predictability of periodontal procedures, providing better esthetic results with minimal postoperative discomfort. Alloderm is an alternate to connective tissue grafts, which has been successfully used for root coverage. The present study aims at Comparative assessment of Micro and Conventional surgical techniques for root coverage using coronally positioned flap (CPF) with Alloderm.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty sites with Miller's Class I or II gingival recession defects were selected; sites were randomly divided into control and test groups. Test sites were treated with CPF and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) using Microsurgery and control sites were treated with CPF and ADM using conventional method.

Results:
Conventional and Microsurgical procedures for root coverage showed a statistically significant difference in all clinical parameters from baseline to 3 and 6 months (P < 0.01). The microsurgical technique demonstrated a significant difference in ultrasonographic thickness of gingiva (P < 0.003) and patient satisfaction score (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:
Microsurgical procedure for root coverage was found to be superior to the conventional macrosurgical approach under magnification. Microsurgical sites healed faster with neovascularization demonstrated on ultrasonographic evaluation with improved gingival thickness and patient satisfaction scores.
Knowledge, Practices, and Perceptions about Tooth Whitening among Female Population in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jaha Hani Sabri , Alhejoury Hajer Ayed , Fayad Amal Abdelrahman , Alnafisah Ayoob Mutleb , Bahshan Ibrahim Alhosain , Assiri Saud Ismail , Alsubhi Ahmed Salem 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Tooth-whitening procedures have gained wide popularity among the Saudi population. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception about tooth-whitening procedures among Jeddah's general population.

Materials and Methods:
A face-to-face interview was conducted on randomly selected female patients attending dental clinics. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used to record the response by calibrated interviewers. The responses regarding knowledge, attitude, and perceptions were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
The findings showed that the prevalence of tooth whitening among the participants was 43.7%, and about 8.7% reported that they did it once every year. In-office bleaching was the most preferred method (31.4%), followed by whitening toothpaste (8.7%). An increased frequency of bleaching was reported by participants belonging to younger age group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The knowledge related to the mechanism of action and adverse effects was average among the participants. Younger age groups were more concerned about tooth-whitening procedures compared to the older ones.
To Compare and Analyze the Potency of two Topical Anesthetic Gels in Reducing Inferior Alveolar Injection Pain in Children of 8–12 Years: A Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Patel Dharati , Lahiri Banibrata , El-Patal Mohamed Abd-Ellatif , Alazmah Abdulfatah , Patel Parth , Abokhlifa Yousef H. 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
To compare and analyze the clinical adequacy of two topical anesthetic gels, Precaine (8% lidocaine + 0.8% dibucaine) and Precaine B (20% benzocaine) in children before intraoral local anesthetic injections.

Materials and Methods:
This clinical study included thirty children who needed an inferior alveolar nerve block. They were divided into three groups: Group A: Precaine topical gel group, Group B: Precaine B topical gel Group, Group C: no anesthetic topical gel group (control group). These two effective topical gels were applied before giving intraoral local anesthesia, and afterward, the child's pain response was surveyed utilizing the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The scores obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
Intergroup comparison showed a significant mean difference between the control group and Precaine group (P > 0.05) as well as Precaine B group (P > 0.05). However, there is no significant difference obtained between Group A and Group B (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
It is psychologically and clinically beneficial to apply a topical anesthetic agent before injecting any intraoral anesthesia. In this study, both anesthetic gels showed a nonsignificant difference in reducing inferior alveolar injection pain, but Precaine B shows more promising results than Precaine.