bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting failure modes in image reconstructions with interval neural network uncertainty
Authors: Oala Luis , Heiß Cosmas , Macdonald Jan , März Maximilian , Kutyniok Gitta , Samek Wojciech 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The quantitative detection of failure modes is important for making deep neural networks reliable and usable at scale. We consider three examples for common failure modes in image reconstruction and demonstrate the potential of uncertainty quantification as a fine-grained alarm system.

Methods
We propose a deterministic, modular and lightweight approach called Interval Neural Network (INN) that produces fast and easy to interpret uncertainty scores for deep neural networks. Importantly, INNs can be constructed post hoc for already trained prediction networks. We compare it against state-of-the-art baseline methods (MCDrop, ProbOut).

Results
We demonstrate on controlled, synthetic inverse problems the capacity of INNs to capture uncertainty due to noise as well as directional error information. On a real-world inverse problem with human CT scans, we can show that INNs produce uncertainty scores which improve the detection of all considered failure modes compared to the baseline methods.

Conclusion
Interval Neural Networks offer a promising tool to expose weaknesses of deep image reconstruction models and ultimately make them more reliable. The fact that they can be applied post hoc to equip already trained deep neural network models with uncertainty scores makes them particularly interesting for deployment.
Endovascular treatment with Viabahn stent-grafts for arterial injury and bleeding at the visceral arteries: initial and midterm results
Authors: Ueda Tatsuo , Murata Satoru , Tajima Hiroyuki , Saito Hidemasa , Yasui Daisuke , Sugihara Fumie , Mizushima Shohei , Mine Takahiko , Kawamata Hiroshi , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Kumita Shin-Ichiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the initial and midterm efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) using Viabahn stent-graft (SG) for arterial injury and bleeding (AIB) at the visceral arteries.

Materials and methods
Consecutive patients with visceral AIB who underwent EVT using Viabahn between January 2017 and February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Technical success, clinical success, peripheral organ ischemia, peri-procedural complications, bleeding-related mortality, 30-day mortality, neck length, re-bleeding, endoleaks, and patency of the SGs at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were evaluated.

Results
EVT using Viabahn was performed in 14 patients (mean age: 68.6 years; 12 males) and 15 arteries. The technical and clinical success rates were 100%. The rates of peripheral organ ischemia, peri-procedural complications, bleeding-related mortality, and 30-day mortality were all 0%. The mean neck length was 9.9 mm. No endoleaks or re-bleeding occurred during the follow-up (mean: 732 days). The SG patency was confirmed after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months in 78.6%, 78.6%, 78.6%, and 56.1% of the patients, respectively.

Conclusion
EVT using Viabahn for AIB at the visceral arteries was safe and effective. SG occlusions without ischemia often occurred after 12 months.
Design, Manufacturing, and Characterization of Hybrid Carbon/Hemp Sandwich Panels
Authors: Boccarusso Luca , Pinto Fulvio , Cuomo Stefano , De Fazio Dario , Myronidis Kostas , Durante Massimo , Meo Michele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdvanced sandwich composite structures that incorporate foams or honeycombs as core materials, have been extensively investigated and used in various applications. One of the major limitations of the conventional materials used is their weak impact resistance and their end-of-life recyclability and overall sustainability. This paper is focused on the study of the production and mechanical characterization of hybrid sandwich panels using hemp bi-grid cores that were manufactured with an ad hoc continuous manufacturing process. Bi-grid structures were stratified in multiple layers, resulting in cores with different thicknesses and planar density. Sandwich panels made with carbon fibers skins were then subjected to Low Velocity Impact, compression and indentation and the damaged panels were investigated via CT-Scan. Results show that the high tailorability of the failure modes and the very good energy absorption properties of the hybrid material open new exciting perspectives for the development of new sandwich structures that can extend the use of natural fibers into several industrial applications.
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network in Male Juvenile Violent Offenders
Authors: Sun Qiaoling , Zhang Yingdong , Zhou Jiansong , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractYoung males are often associated with more violence, leading to some serious negative consequences. However, the physiology and the neuroimaging patterns underlying juvenile violence remain unclear. Of the limited knowledge on juvenile violence, the default mode network has been known to be associated with its pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate functional connectivity alterations of the default mode network in male juvenile violent offenders. 31 juvenile violent offenders in a high-security facility, who were convicted of aggressive behaviors by court, and 28 normal controls from a middle school were recruited as participants. They underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. And independent component analysis approaches were used to analyze their data. Compared to the normal controls, the juvenile violent offenders showed a different default mode network pattern, with the functional connectivity increased in the posterior cingulate, and decreased in the right middle temporal, left angular, right precuneus and right middle frontal cortex. Our findings revealed that the male juvenile violent offenders were associated with abnormal default mode network functional connectivity, which might be a neuroimaging basis for their tendency to violence.
Going healthy: how product characteristics influence the sales impact of front-of-pack health symbols
Authors: Maesen Stijn , Lamey Lien , ter Braak Anne , Jansen Léon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractManufacturers increasingly adopt health symbols, which translate overall product healthiness into a single symbol, to communicate about the overall healthiness of their grocery products. This study examines how the performance implications of adding a front-of-pack health symbol to a product vary across products. We study the sales impact of a government-supported health symbol program in 29 packaged categories, using over four years of scanner data. The results indicate that health symbols are most impactful when they positively disconfirm pre-existing beliefs that a product is not among the healthiest products within the category. More specifically, we find that health symbols are more effective for (i) products with a front-of-pack taste claim, (ii) lower priced products, and (iii) private label products. Furthermore, these results are more pronounced in healthier categories than in unhealthier categories. Our findings imply that health symbols can help overcome lay beliefs among consumers regarding a product’s overall healthiness. As such, adding a health symbol provides easy-to-process information about product healthiness for the consumer and can increase product sales for the manufacturer.
Loss given default in SME leasing
Authors: Kaposty Florian , Klein Philipp , Löderbusch Matthias , Pfingsten Andreas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLeasing provides a fundamental source of firm funding, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. A crucial difference from loans and bonds is that the lessor retains ownership rights of the leased asset during the lease term. This facilitates the asset utilization and work-out process and leads to higher liquidation proceeds. Hence, previous findings on the loan and bond loss given default (LGD) are not transferable to the leasing industry. Our analysis is based on a very granular data set covering a great variety of information on the lessee, the leased asset, as well as contractual and transactional characteristics. We examine novel LGD determinants such as an external credit rating, the lessee’s limited liability, and the number of leased assets and collaterals. Moreover, new results on previously explored factors question earlier findings, for example, on the lease contract type. Most importantly, as proposed by Miller and Töws (J Bank Finance 91:189–201, 2018), we analyze two different LGDs, one based on the asset utilization proceeds, the other on repayments. Our results clearly indicate the crucial importance of this separation when analyzing the drivers of the leasing LGD in detail because several determinants affect these LGDs in different ways. Our study assists both lessors and regulators in assessing the effective risk of lease contracts and enables lessors to enhance their risk management and work-out processes.
Streptozocin/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours in the era of targeted therapy
Authors: Lahner Harald , Mathew Annie , Klocker Anna Lisa , Unger Nicole , Theysohn Jens , Rekowski Jan , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Theurer Sarah , Schmid Kurt Werner , Herrmann Ken , Führer Dagmar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The role of streptozocin-based chemotherapy (STZ CTx) in advanced, well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNET) and the best sequence of treatments in advanced PanNET are unclear. We examined the outcomes after STZ CTx in patients who had been selected according to the current therapeutic guidelines.

Methods
Data from 50 PanNET patients consecutively treated with STZ CTx between 2010 and 2018 were analysed. The endpoints of the study were the objective-response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results
STZ CTx was the first-line treatment in 54% of patients. The PanNET grades were as follows: 6% G1, 88% G2, and 6% well-differentiated G3. The ORR was 38%. Stable disease was the best response in 38% of patients and 24% showed progressive disease. Treatment was discontinued because of toxicity in one patient. Median PFS and OS were 12 (95% confidence interval (CI), 8.5–15.5) and 38 months (95% CI, 20.4–55.6), respectively. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the median OS was 89 months (95% CI, 34.9–143.1) for STZ CTx as first-line therapy compared with 22 months (95% CI, 19.3–24.7; p = 0.001, log-rank test) for subsequent lines. Bone metastases negatively impacted survival (HR, 2.71, p = 0.009, univariate analysis, HR, 2.64, p = 0.015, multivariate analysis, and Cox regression).

Conclusions
In patients selected according to current guidelines, PFS, and OS after STZ CTx were lower than previously reported, whereas ORR was unchanged. First-line treatment was positively associated with OS and the presence of bone metastases was negatively associated with OS. Pre-treatment with targeted or peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy did not alter ORR, PFS, or OS.
Direct and indirect links between children’s socio-economic status and education: pathways via mental health, attitude, and cognition
Authors: Dalmaijer Edwin S. , Gibbons Sophie G. , Bignardi Giacomo , Anwyl-Irvine Alexander L. , Siugzdaite Roma , Smith Tess A. , Uh Stepheni , Johnson Amy , Astle Duncan E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA child’s socio-economic environment can profoundly affect their development. While existing literature focusses on simplified metrics and pair-wise relations between few variables, we aimed to capture complex interrelationships between several relevant domains using a broad assessment of 519 children aged 7–9 years. Our analyses comprised three multivariate techniques that complimented each other, and worked at different levels of granularity. First, an exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis followed by varimax rotation) revealed that our sample varied along continuous dimensions of cognition, attitude and mental health (from parallel analysis); with potentially emerging dimensions speed and socio-economic status (passed Kaiser’s criterion). Second, k-means cluster analysis showed that children did not group into discrete phenotypes. Third, a network analysis on the basis of bootstrapped partial correlations (confirmed by both cross-validated LASSO and multiple comparisons correction of binarised connection probabilities) uncovered how our developmental measures interconnected: educational outcomes (reading and maths fluency) were directly related to cognition (short-term memory, number sense, processing speed, inhibition). By contrast, mental health (anxiety and depression symptoms) and attitudes (conscientiousness, grit, growth mindset) showed indirect relationships with educational outcomes via cognition. Finally, socio-economic factors (neighbourhood deprivation, family affluence) related directly to educational outcomes, cognition, mental health, and even grit. In sum, cognition is a central cog through which mental health and attitude relate to educational outcomes. However, through direct relations with all components of developmental outcomes, socio-economic status acts as a great ‘unequaliser’.
Non-destructive Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Tool for Discriminating Between Olive Oils According to Agronomic Practices and for Assessing Quality Parameters
Authors: Martín-Tornero Elísabet , Fernández Antonio , Pérez-Rodriguez Juan Manuel , Durán-Merás Isabel , Prieto María Henar , Martín-Vertedor Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA non-destructive fluorescence method combined with chemometric algorithms has been developed for discriminating between olive oils. The excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) of two olive oil varieties (Arbosana and Oliana) from two crop seasons, which had undergone two different irrigation treatments (control irrigation strategy and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI)), were recorded. EEMs were analysed using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) incorporating three PARAFAC components. This analysis was able to discriminate between olive oils according to crop season (100% of predictions in the validation set were correct) and variety (100% of predictions were correct). Moreover, good discrimination (80% of correct predictions) was also achieved when examining olive oils belonging to the same variety but submitted to two different irrigation treatments. Further, the olive oil quality parameters obtained using conventional methods were compared with those obtained using unfolded partial least squares (U-PLS). Good correlation coefficients were obtained for Rancimat hours (r = 0.87), K270 (r = 0.75) and total polyphenol content (r = 0.94).
Therapy concepts in the context of precision medicine for pediatric malignancies—children are not adults
Authors: Salzer Elisabeth , Hutter Caroline 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCancer remains the leading cause of death from disease among children beyond the age of one. Survival of pediatric patients with cancer has dramatically improved over the last decades but some tumors remain almost intractable and relapse is still associated with an infaust prognosis. Despite the heterogeneity of pediatric malignancies, most treatments include the same set of generic therapies. Optimizing delivery of conventional therapeutics has been the driving force behind continuous improvements but further escalation of conventional therapy is unlikely to improve outcomes. The limited success of targeted drugs in pediatric cancer patients, originally developed for cancers in adults, can be connected to the different etiology of tumors in children versus adults. In addition, many pediatric cancers lack reliable biomarkers, cannot be studied in large cohorts and only few available therapies target abberations specific for certain pediatric cancers.These observations have led to the establishment of pediatric precision-medicine programs. The major goal of these programs is to identify patient-tailored molecular treatment plans that will eventually improve quality of life and survival. Despite the initial euphemism, the impact of actionable matched treatments and the most adequate value-based genomics strategies are not yet well established. A non-competitive collaborative model based on pediatric cancer priorities and strong collaboration between academia, pharmaceutical companies and regulators is needed. In the near future, clinical trials need to focus on biologically defined patient subsets, in an even smaller patient population. A major collaborative effort between all associated groups will be necessary to ensure success of pediatric precision cancer medicine.
Clostriden als nachhaltige Plattform für Chemikalien und Lebensmittel
Authors: Janke Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCellulose and carbon dioxide (CO2) belong to the most promising carbon sources for sustainable processes in the field of industrial biotechnology. Cellulose is the most abundant biological polymer on earth and microbial carbon dioxide consumption represents one possibility to reduce global warming. Clostridial biocatalysts are able to utilize both carbon sources efficiently and offer various ways to develop new industrial processes.
Jäger und Gejagte — wie sich Pilze gegen räuberische Amöben wehren
Authors: Ferling Iuliia , Radosa Silvia , Hillmann Falk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat seems obvious for most free-living bacteria, also appeals for yeast and filamentous fungi: their natural reservoirs include a variety of micropredators, such as members of the Amoebozoa kingdom. Not only do they share a predatory lifestyle, but their amoeboid motility and way of ingesting living microbial food reveals several similarities to innate immune cells. Understanding how fungi have learned to cope with such environmental phagocytes will shed new light on the evolutionary driving forces of fungal diversity and virulence.
Bispezifische Antikörper: Hoffnungsträger in der Krebsimmuntherapie
Authors: Stadlbauer Katharina , Stadlmayr Gerhard , Rüker Florian , Wozniak-Knopp Gordana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNearly seventy years have passed since the first attempts to fuse the antibodies, „magic bullets“ with exquisite target specificity, into multispecific agents that can connect a targeted cell with an effector immune cell. Such efforts have triggered a plethora of engineering advancements to optimize the antigen engagement. Even the most conserved domains of the antibody molecule have been modified to achieve two unique chains pairing, or with an introduction of novel antigen binding sites.
MicroRNAs bei COVID-19: kleine Moleküle mit großem Potenzial?
Authors: Bär Christian , Derda Anselm A. , Thum Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 still remains a severe global health threat. Despite the high-speed development of vaccines that efficiently prevent COVID-19, there are still no effective treatments of the disease once people are infected. MicroRNAs are powerful regulators of gene expression. They are intensely investigated as therapeutic targets up to the clinical stage. In addition, microRNAs can be detected in the circulation, and thus, represent promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for (long)-COVID-19.
Duale Rezeptorsignale: Wie setzen Adhäsions-GPCR Signale in Funktion um?
Authors: Gross Victoria Elisabeth , Prömel Simone 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdhesion GPCR are exceptional receptors due to their functional and structural diversity. A key to their function/signalling, setting them apart from other GPCR, is their extraordinarily large, complex N terminus, via which they mediate different molecular mechanisms and integrate diverse biological functions. Here, we discuss dual modes of adhesion GPCR action and how they translate into physiological functions: activation of G protein pathways and signals solely elicited by the N terminus.
A New GAN-Based Approach to Data Augmentation and Image Segmentation for Crack Detection in Thermal Imaging Tests
Authors: Tian Lulu , Wang Zidong , Liu Weibo , Cheng Yuhua , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs a popular nondestructive testing (NDT) technique, thermal imaging test demonstrates competitive performance in crack detection, especially for detecting subsurface cracks. In thermal imaging test, the temperature of the crack area is higher than that of the non-crack area during the NDT process. By extracting the features of the thermal image sequences, the temperature curve of each spatial point is employed for crack detection. Nevertheless, the quality of thermal images is influenced by the noises due to the complex thermal environment in NDT. In this paper, a modified generative adversarial network (GAN) is employed to improve the image segmentation performance. To improve the feature extraction ability and alleviate the influence of noises, a penalty term is put forward in the loss function of the conventional GAN. A data preprocessing method is developed where the principle component analysis algorithm is adopted for feature extraction. The data argumentation technique is utilized to guarantee the quantity of the training samples. To validate its effectiveness in thermal imaging NDT, the modified GAN is applied to detect the cracks on the eddy current pulsed thermography NDT dataset.
Is Parental Mindfulness Associated with Quality of Life and Itch Intensity in Children with Psoriasis and Eczema and Well-being in Parents?
Authors: Heapy Connor , Norman Paul , Emerson Lisa-Marie , Murphy Ruth , Bögels Susan , Thompson Andrew R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Childhood psoriasis and eczema negatively impact the well-being of children and their parents. Identifying variables that protect against, or reduce, the negative impact of these skin conditions could greatly improve the lives of children with these skin conditions and their parents. We therefore aimed to investigate whether higher levels of parental dispositional mindfulness are associated with lower levels of psychological distress and better quality of life in children with psoriasis or eczema and their parents.

Methods
Children with psoriasis or eczema (n = 180, M age = 10.22, females = 108) and their parents (n = 210, M age = 39.97, females = 183) were recruited from social media and NHS dermatology clinics in the UK. Parents completed questionnaires assessing dispositional mindfulness, parental stress, psychological distress (depression, anxiety, general stress), and quality of life related to their child’s skin condition. Children completed questionnaires assessing quality of life related to their skin condition and pruritus (itch intensity).

Results
Parental dispositional mindfulness explained significant amounts of variance in parental stress, parent depression, parent anxiety, parent general stress, and both parent and child quality of life. These relationships were not moderated by skin condition.

Conclusion
Parental dispositional mindfulness is associated with better well-being in parents of children with psoriasis or eczema, and their children. Mindfulness-based interventions for parents may be beneficial for improving well-being in both children with skin conditions and their parents.
Trial Registration: https://aspredicted.org/xf429.pdf (see Supplementary Materials A).