bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of phase change material encapsulation shape on performance of energy‐efficient roof design
Authors: Nagaraju Dora , Preetham Meruva Venkata Surya Murali Vijay , Mohammad Abdul Razack , Satyanarayana Munukurthi Rama Surya , Kolla Narendra Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe design of passive cooling systems is part of the energy‐efficient building since population growth and indoor requirements in various dwellings are paramount. As a part of passive designs, modifying the conventional roof with phase change materials (PCM) is one of the techniques to control the abnormal changes of the inner surface temperature of the roof. In this aspect, a numerical investigation has been carried out by incorporating the PCM encapsulated pipes in the RCC (reinforced concrete), and a comprehensive analysis has been carried out. Three different shapes are chosen, namely circular, oval, and rectangular oval, to encapsulate the PCM. Diurnal outside changes are considered to envisage the inner surface temperature of the roof. Validation of the literature's experimental results is done before developing a numerical model for the current study. The effect of encapsulated shape on PCM's average temperature, liquid fraction and energy storage has been studied. The inner surface temperature is reduced drastically with the roof consisting of elliptical encapsulated PCM than other designs such as circular and rectangular oval encapsulated PCM. Moreover, the performance of PCM is sensitive to encapsulated shape and location within the system.
Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes of I‐type granite from western Arunachal Himalaya, NE India: Implications for the continental arc magmatism in the Palaeoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia
Authors: Bikramaditya R. K. , Chung Sun‐Lin , Singh Athokpam Krishnakanta , Lee Hao‐Yang , Lemba Leiphrakpam 
Published: December 2021

We present integrated in situ zircon U–Pb and Hf isotope data, along with whole‐rock and mineral chemistry data for the Salari granite of western Arunachal Himalaya to constrain its emplacement age, origin, and geodynamic evolution. The investigated Salari granites are high Fe2O3, CaO, and Nb, and low SiO2 and Rb/Sr ratio with fractionated rare earth element patterns ((Ce/Yb)N = 9.90–20.24) and minor negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.69–0.94). They are metaluminous (molar A/CNK = 0.93–1.07) and have relatively similar FeOt/MgO ratio in biotite (1.58–1.60) to Mg‐biotite, indicating their affinity with I‐type granites. The enrichment of large‐ion lithophile elements with highly depleted negative Nb anomalies is consistent with their origin in a subduction‐related environment. Our zircon U–Pb ages suggest that the magmatic emplacement of the Salari granite took place between 1,791 and 1,768 Ma. The zircon grains have mostly negative εHf(t) values up to −5.5 and yield crustal Hf model ages from 2.4 to 2.8 Ga, suggesting the occurrence of a major crustal growth event in the Neoarchean and re‐melting of the crust during the Palaeoproterozoic. Our new results, that is, zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope data, in conjunction with the field observations and petro‐mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, suggest that the Salari granite of eastern Himalaya was produced by partial melting of older metabasaltic/metatonalitic rocks in a continental arc setting of the supercontinent Columbia during the Palaeoproterozoic.
Ultrasensitive and affordable assay for early detection of primary liver cancer using plasma cell‐free DNA fragmentomics
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Zheng , Tang Wanxiangfu , Wang Xinyu , Liu Rui , Bao Hua , Chen Xin , Wei Yulin , Wu Shuyu , Bao Hairong , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Fan Jia , Zhou Jian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Early detection of primary liver cancer (PLC), including HCC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and combined HCC‐ICC (cHCC‐ICC), is essential for patients’ survival. This study aims to develop an accurate and affordable method for PLC early detection and differentiating ICC from HCC using plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomic profiles.

Approach and Results
Whole‐genome sequencings (WGS) were performed using plasma cfDNA samples from 192 patients with PLC (159 HCC, 26 ICC, 7 cHCC‐ICC) and 170 noncancer controls (including 53 liver cirrhosis [LC] or HBV‐positive) enrolled in the training cohort. An ensembled stacked model for PLC detection was constructed using the training cohort. The model performance was assessed in an independent test cohort (189 patients with PLC [157 HCC, 26 ICC, 6 cHCC‐ICC], 164 noncancer controls [including 51 LC/HBV]). Our model showed excellent performance for cancer detection in the test cohort (AUC: 0.995, 96.8% sensitivity at 98.8% specificity). It showed excellent sensitivities in detecting early‐stage PLC (I: 95.9%, II: 97.9%), small tumors (≤3 cm: 98.2%), and HCC (96.2%) or ICC (100%). The AUC for distinguishing PLC from LC/HBV reached 0.985 (96.8% specificity at 96.1% specificity). Promisingly, our model maintained consistent performances during the downsampling process, even using 1X coverage data (AUC: 0.994, 93.7% sensitivity at 98.8% specificity). A separate model showed potential for distinguishing ICC from HCC (AUC: 0.776).

Conclusions
Our model, outperforming previous reports at a lower cost by solely using low‐coverage WGS data, exhibits excellent clinical potential for ultrasensitive and affordable detection of PLC and its subtypes.
Plasma-Soluble Biomarkers for Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Reflect Acute and Chronic Inflammatory States
Authors: Pignolo Robert J , McCarrick-Walmsley Ruth , Wang Haitao , Qiu Shirley , Hunter Jeffrey , Barr Sharon , He Kevin , Zhang Hui , Kaplan Frederick S 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a progressive, debilitating genetic disease in which skeletal muscle and connective tissue is episodically replaced by heterotopic bone. Discovery of surrogate biomarkers of disease (genotype)-related and flare-up-associated activity of FOP in a readily accessible matrix, such as plasma, would facilitate an understanding of the complex pathophysiology of FOP, aid patient care, and provide a valuable tool for the development and monitoring of potential therapeutics. In a case–control study, using a carefully collected and curated set of plasma samples from 40 FOP patients with the classic ACVR1R206H mutation and 40 age- and sex-matched controls, we report the identification of disease-related and flare-up-associated biomarkers of FOP using a multiplex analysis of 113 plasma-soluble analytes. Adiponectin (implicated in hypoxia, inflammation, and heterotopic ossification) as well as tenascin-C (an endogenous activator of innate immune signaling through the TLR4 pathway and a substrate for kallikrein-7) were highly correlated with FOP genotype, while kallikrein-7 was highly correlated with acute flare-up status. Plasma-soluble biomarkers for FOP support a flare-up-related acute inflammatory phase of disease activity superimposed on a genotypic background of chronic inflammation. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid in the Treatment of Nonmalignant Painful Bone Marrow Lesions: A Triple-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial (ZoMARS)
Authors: Seefried Lothar , Genest Franca , Baumann Jasmin , Heidemeier Anke , Meffert Rainer , Jakob Franz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bone marrow lesions (BML) represent areas of deteriorated bone structure and metabolism characterized by pronounced water-equivalent signaling within the trabecular bone on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). BML are associated with repair mechanisms subsequent to various clinical conditions associated with inflammatory and non-inflammatory injury to the bone. There is no approved treatment for this condition. Bisphosphonates are known to improve bone stability in osteoporosis and other bone disorders and have been used off-label to treat BML. A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial was conducted to assess efficacy and safety of single-dose zoledronic acid (ZOL) 5 mg iv with vitamin D 1000 IU/d as opposed to placebo with vitamin D 1000 IU/d in 48 patients (randomized 2:1) with BML. Primary efficacy endpoint was reduction of edema volume 6 weeks after treatment as assessed by MRI. After treatment, mean BML volume decreased by 64.53% (±41.92%) in patients receiving zoledronic acid and increased by 14.43% (±150.46%) in the placebo group (p = 0.007). A decrease in BML volume was observed in 76.5% of patients receiving ZOL and in 50% of the patients receiving placebo. Pain level (visual analogue scale [VAS]) and all categories of the pain disability index (PDI) improved with ZOL versus placebo after 6 weeks but reconciled after 6 additional weeks of follow-up. Six serious adverse events occurred in 5 patients, none of which were classified as related to the study drug. No cases of osteonecrosis or fractures occurred. Therefore, single-dose zoledronic acid 5 mg iv together with vitamin D may enhance resolution of bone marrow lesions over 6 weeks along with reduction of pain compared with vitamin D supplementation only. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Novel domino synthesis of 2‐(2,3.4‐substituted phenyl) quinazolin‐4‐amine
Authors: Fathalla Walid , Pazdera Pavel , Khalifa Mohamed E. , Ali Ibrahim A. I. , El Rayes Samir M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConvenient domino protocol was developed for the synthesis of 2‐arylquinazolin‐4‐amines by the reaction of N‐(2‐cyanophenyl) substituted benzimidoyl isothiocyanates with isopropyl amine. The major advantages of this protocol are short reaction times, mild conditions, simple work up, high yields, and pure products. The efficacy of this protocol owes to the competence of synthesis, pure isolation of imidoyl isothiocyanates, and the unique structure conformation of the corresponding intermediate thiourea derivatives.
The confounder matrix: A tool to assess confounding bias in systematic reviews of observational studies of etiology
Authors: Petersen Julie M. , Barrett Malcolm , Ahrens Katherine A. , Murray Eleanor J. , Bryant Allison S. , Hogue Carol J. , Mumford Sunni L. , Gadupudi Salini , Fox Matthew P. , Trinquart Ludovic 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSystematic reviews and meta‐analyses are essential for drawing conclusions regarding etiologic associations between exposures or interventions and health outcomes. Observational studies comprise a substantive source of the evidence base. One major threat to their validity is residual confounding, which may occur when component studies adjust for different sets of confounders, fail to control for important confounders, or have classification errors resulting in only partial control of measured confounders. We present the confounder matrix—an approach for defining and summarizing adequate confounding control in systematic reviews of observational studies and incorporating this assessment into meta‐analyses. First, an expert group reaches consensus regarding the core confounders that should be controlled and the best available method for their measurement. Second, a matrix graphically depicts how each component study accounted for each confounder. Third, the assessment of control adequacy informs quantitative synthesis. We illustrate the approach with studies of the association between short interpregnancy intervals and preterm birth. Our findings suggest that uncontrolled confounding, notably by reproductive history and sociodemographics, resulted in exaggerated estimates. Moreover, no studies adequately controlled for all core confounders, so we suspect residual confounding is present, even among studies with better control. The confounder matrix serves as an extension of previously published methodological guidance for observational research synthesis, enabling transparent reporting of confounding control and directly informing meta‐analysis so that conclusions are drawn from the best available evidence. Widespread application could raise awareness about gaps across a body of work and allow for more valid inference with respect to confounder control.
Hyperfluorescence™: Excel the performance, create the future
Authors: Cheng Shuo‐Hsien , Endo Ayataka , Kakizoe Hayato , Otsu Shinya , Suzuki Yoshitake , Yamashita Masataka , Adachi Junji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHyperfluorescence™ (HF), known as the most advanced OLED emitting technology, combines TADF and fluorescence mechanisms enabling 100% internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and narrowband emission. Based on in silico simulation, HF is not only more outperformed than the modern OLED emitting technologies but also feasible for the RGB definition of BT.2020. Of the green top‐emission HF device, the device performance is manifold increased than that of the bottom‐emission, where this effect is more amplified than that in phosphorescence system. An efficiency improvement approach to reach market requirements was illustrated to show our vision in pursuing excellent performance.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis: Timing of Elective Removal of Tympanostomy Tubes
Authors: Tan Grace X. , Hamilton Andrew , MacArthur Carol J. 
Published: December 2021

Objective(s)Tympanostomy tube (TT) placement is the most common surgical procedure in children. Less than 10% of TT do not self‐extrude. This study is a systematic review (SR) on elective TT removal in the pediatric population: timing, perforation rates, and role of simultaneous repair. A PICOTS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, timing, setting) question was formulated: In pediatric patients who have retained TT, what is the preferred time to elective removal of such tubes, and what are the outcomes in terms of perforation rates? Does an intervention at the time of TT removal improve perforation rates?Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched four major electronic databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CDSR, CCRCT for articles published prior to 02/19/20. EndNote® was used to gather references, review abstracts, and obtain full text articles. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting patients aged 0 to 18 years undergoing elective TT removal with follow‐up greater than 3 months. Exclusion criteria included patients >18 years, duplicate patient series, or case series with fewer than five patients. Articles that were not available in English, not available in full text, and those that only addressed long‐acting TT were excluded.Data were pooled and meta‐analysis was conducted to examine how timing of TT removal, patching of the tympanic membrane, or any TM intervention at TT removal affected outcomes.ResultsA total of 1,064 references were found. We identified 63 unique studies for full text review. Of these, 17 were selected for SR. MINORS (Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies) scores were low‐revealing high bias among the studies. Reported perforation rates after elective TT removal ranged from 0% to 57%. Four studies had data suitable for comparative meta‐analysis, which showed a significant increase in perforation rates after elective removal of TT after 3 years compared to removal prior to 3 years (OR 2.89; CI 1.78–4.69). No difference in perforation rates were identified when TM intervention vs. no intervention at time of TT removal was performed (six studies: OR 1.21; CI 0.71–2.07). No difference in perforation rates was identified when the type of TM intervention was compared, including freshening of TM edges, to patching with various materials (paper, fat, gelfoam®/gelfilm®, Trichloroacetic acid) (three studies: OR 1.07; CI 0.52–2.19).ConclusionFrom the data reviewed in this SR and meta‐analysis, elective TT removal at or prior to 3 years' retention showed decreased perforation rates. However, TM intervention at the time of TT removal was not shown to lower perforation rates. In the absence of tube complications such as granuloma formation, nonfunctional tube, or chronic tube otorrhea, it may be reasonable to wait up to 3 years to electively remove a retained TT. Laryngoscope, 132:2063–2070, 2022
Assessing the accuracy of electronic portal imaging device (EPID)‐based dosimetry: II. Evaluation of a dosimetric uncertainty budget and development of a new film‐in‐EPID absorbed dose calibration methodology
Authors: Renaud James , Muir Bryan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to reduce the uncertainty associated with determining dose‐to‐water using an amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging detector (EPID) under reference conditions by developing a direct calibration formalism based on radiochromic film measurements made within the EPID panel and detailed Monte Carlo simulations. To our knowledge, this is the first EPID‐based dosimetry study reporting an uncertain budgetMethodsPixel sensitivity and relative off‐axis response were mapped by simultaneously irradiating film contained within the imager panel and acquiring an EPID image set. The detector panel was disassembled for the purpose of modeling the EPID in detail using the EGSnrc DOSXYZnrc usercode, which was in turn used to calculate dose‐to‐film in the EPID and dose‐to‐water in water conversion factorsResultsA direct comparison of the two correction methodologies investigated in this work, the previously established empirical method and the proposed simultaneous measurement approach involving in‐EPID film dosimetry, produced an agreement with an RMS deviation of 1.4% overall. A combined standard relative uncertainty of 3.3% (k = 1) was estimated for the determination of absorbed dose to water at the position of the EPID using the proposed calibration methodologyConclusionsThis work describes a direct method of calibrating EPID response in terms of absorbed dose to water requiring fewer measurements than other empirical approaches, and without 2D spatial interpolation of correction factors.
Assessment of breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on ultrasound backscattering envelope statistics
Authors: Klimonda Ziemowit , Karwat Piotr , Dobruch‐Sobczak Katarzyna , Piotrzkowska‐Wróblewska Hanna , Litniewski Jerzy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeNeo‐adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is used in breast cancer before tumor surgery to reduce the size of the tumor and the risk of spreading. Monitoring the effects of NAC is important because in a number of cases the response to therapy is poor and requires a change in treatment. A new method that uses quantitative ultrasound to assess tumor response to NAC has been presented. The aim was to detect NAC unresponsive tumors at an early stage of treatment.MethodsThe method assumes that ultrasound scattering is different for responsive and nonresponsive tumors. The assessment of the NAC effects was based on the differences between the histograms of the ultrasound echo amplitude recorded from the tumor after each NAC dose and from the tissue phantom, estimated using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics (KSS) and the symmetrical Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD). After therapy, tumors were resected and histopathologically evaluated. The percentage of residual malignant cells was determined and was the basis for assessing the tumor response. The data set included ultrasound data obtained from 37 tumors. The performance of the methods was assessed by means of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsFor responding tumors, a decrease in the mean KLD and KSS values was observed after subsequent doses of NAC. In nonresponding tumors, the KLD was higher and did not change in subsequent NAC courses. Classification based on the KSS or KLD parameters allowed to detect tumors not responding to NAC after the first dose of the drug, with AUC equal 0.830.06 and 0.840.07, respectively. After the third dose, the AUC increased to 0.900.05 and 0.910.04, respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicate the potential usefulness of the proposed parameters in assessing the effectiveness of the NAC and early detection of nonresponding cases.
An exact solution method for home health care scheduling with synchronized services
Authors: Qiu Huaxin , Wang Dujuan , Yin Yunqiang , Cheng T. C. Edwin , Wang Yanzhang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the home health care scheduling problem that considers the synchronized services of multiskilled caregivers necessitated by the simultaneous service requirements of patients. A characteristic feature of the problem is that there is a threshold on the maximum difference between the start times of the pairwise synchronized services at a patient, which enables flexible imposition of various synchronization constraints. We first derive some structural properties of the problem, based on which we provide a set‐partitioning formulation of the problem and devise a branch‐and‐price‐and‐cut solution algorithm. We develop a column generation scheme to obtain lower bounds for the problem, in which we design a labeling algorithm together with some enhancement strategies to address the pricing subproblems, and use the 2‐path inequalities and limited‐node‐memory subset row inequalities to strengthen the lower bounds. To test the algorithm, we apply it to solve the instances generated according to the well‐known Solomon's benchmark data set and real‐world instances. The results demonstrate that the algorithm can find the optimal solutions in most situations within reasonable computational times, confirming its efficacy. Finally, we perform sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution to some key model parameters and discuss the management implications of the results.
A Fragile Points Method, with an interface debonding model, to simulate damage and fracture of U‐notched structures
Authors: Wang Kailei , Shen Baoying , Li Mingjing , Dong Leiting , Atluri Satya N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNotched components are commonly used in engineering structures, where stress concentration may easily lead to crack initiation and development. The main goal of this work is to develop a simple numerical method to predict the strength and crack‐growth‐path of U‐notched specimens made of brittle materials. For this purpose, the Fragile Points Method (FPM), as previously proposed by the authors, has been augmented by an interface debonding model at the interfaces of the FPM domains, to simulate crack initiation and development. The formulations of FPM are based on a discontinuous Galerkin weak form where point‐based piece‐wise‐continuous polynomial test and trial functions are used instead of element‐based basis functions. In this work, the numerical fluxes introduced across interior interfaces between subdomains are postulated as the tractions acting on the interface derived from an interface debonding model. The interface damage is triggered when the numerical flux reaches the interface strength, and the process of crack‐surface separation is governed by the fracture energy. In this way, arbitrary crack initiation and propagation can be naturally simulated without the need for knowing the fracture‐patch before‐hand. Additionally, a small penalty parameter is sufficient to enforce the weak‐form continuity condition before damage initiation, without causing problems such as artificial compliance and numerical ill‐conditioning. As validations, the proposed FPM method with the interface debonding model is used to predict fracture strength and crack‐growth trajectories of U‐notched structures made of brittle materials, which is useful but challenging in engineering structural design practices.