bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen Activator Urokinase Receptor Implies Immunosuppressive Features and Acts as an Unfavorable Prognostic Biomarker in Glioma
Authors: Zeng Fan , Li Guanzhang , Liu Xiu , Zhang Kenan , Huang Hua , Jiang Tao , Zhang Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Clinical outcomes of patients with glioma are still poor, even after standard treatments, including surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. New therapeutic strategies and targets for glioma are urgently needed. Plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR), a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein, is reported to modulate plasminogen activation and extracellular matrix degradation in many malignant cancers, but its role in gliomas remains unclear.

Methods
Glioma samples with mRNA sequencing data and clinical information from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (n = 310) data set and The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 611) data set were collected for this study. Analyses using Kaplan-Meier plots, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, Cox regression, and nomograms were conducted to evaluate the prognostic performance of PLAUR expression. Analyses using Metascape, ESTIMATE, EPIC, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to reveal the potential biological mechanism. The statistical analysis and graphical work were completed using SPSS, R language, and GraphPad Prism.

Results
PLAUR was highly expressed in phenotypes associated with glioma malignancy and could serve as an independent prognostic indicator. Functional analysis revealed the correlation between PLAUR and immune response. Further studies found that samples with higher PLAUR expression were infiltrated with fewer CD8 T cells and many more M2 macrophages. Strong positive correlation was demonstrated between PLAUR expression and some immunosuppressive markers, including immune checkpoints and cytokines. These findings were also confirmed in patient samples.

Conclusion
Our results elucidated the clinical significance and immunosuppressive effect of PLAUR in gliomas, which might provide some clues in glioma immunotherapy.

Implications for Practice
Although the efficacy of immunotherapy has been verified in other tumors, its application in glioma is impeded because of the unique microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages, which are particularly abundant in a glioma mass, contribute much to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and offer new opportunities in glioma immunotherapy. The results of this study identified plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR) expression as a potential marker to predict the infiltration of macrophages and the status of immune microenvironment in patients with glioma, suggesting that treatment decisions could be based on PLAUR level when administering immunotherapeutics. The soluble PLAUR in blood and other body fluids would make this approach easy to implement in the clinic.
Symptom Burden and Palliative Care Needs of Patients with Incurable Cancer at Diagnosis and During the Disease Course
Authors: Vogt Jeannette , Beyer Franziska , Sistermanns Jochen , Kuon Jonas , Kahl Christoph , Alt-Epping Bernd , Stevens Susanne , Ahlborn Miriam , George Christian , Heider Andrea , Tienken Maria , Loquai Carmen , Stahlhut Kerstin , Ruellan Anne , Kubin Thomas , Dietz Andreas , Oechsle Karin , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Oorschot Birgitt , Thomas Michael , Ortmann Olaf , Engel Christoph , Lordick Florian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough current guidelines advocate early integration of palliative care, symptom burden and palliative care needs of patients at diagnosis of incurable cancer and along the disease trajectory are understudied.Material and MethodsWe assessed distress, symptom burden, quality of life, and supportive care needs in patients with newly diagnosed incurable cancer in a prospective longitudinal observational multicenter study. Patients were evaluated using validated self-report measures (National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer [DT], Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy [FACT], Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life [SEIQoL-Q], Patients Health Questionnaire-4 [PHQ-4], modified Supportive Care Needs Survey [SCNS-SF-34]) at baseline (T0) and at 3 (T1), 6 (T2), and 12 months (T3) follow-up.ResultsFrom October 2014 to October 2016, 500 patients (219 women, 281 men; mean age 64.2 years) were recruited at 20 study sites in Germany following diagnosis of incurable metastatic, locally advanced, or recurrent lung (217), gastrointestinal (156), head and neck (55), gynecological (57), and skin (15) cancer. Patients reported significant distress (DT score ≥ 5) after diagnosis, which significantly decreased over time (T0: 67.2%, T1: 51.7%, T2: 47.9%, T3: 48.7%). The spectrum of reported symptoms was broad, with considerable variety between and within the cancer groups. Anxiety and depressiveness were most prevalent early in the disease course (T0: 30.8%, T1: 20.1%, T2: 14.7%, T3: 16.9%). The number of patients reporting unmet supportive care needs decreased over time (T0: 71.8 %, T1: 61.6%, T2: 58.1%, T3: 55.3%).ConclusionOur study confirms a variable and mostly high symptom burden at the time of diagnosis of incurable cancer, suggesting early screening by using standardized tools and underlining the usefulness of early palliative care.Implications for PracticeA better understanding of symptom burden and palliative care needs of patients with newly diagnosed incurable cancer may guide clinical practice and help to improve the quality of palliative care services. The results of this study provide important information for establishing palliative care programs and related guidelines. Distress, symptom burden, and the need for support vary and are often high at the time of diagnosis. These findings underscore the need for implementation of symptom screening as well as early palliative care services, starting at the time of diagnosis of incurable cancer and tailored according to patients’ needs.
Wide spectral coverage (0.7–2.2 eV) lattice‐matched multijunction solar cells based on AlGaInP, AlGaAs and GaInNAsSb materials
Authors: Aho Arto , Isoaho Riku , Raappana Marianna , Aho Timo , Anttola Elina , Lyytikäinen Jari , Hietalahti Arttu , Polojärvi Ville , Tukiainen Antti , Reuna Jarno , Peltomaa Leo , Guina Mircea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report on the progress in developing lattice‐matched GaAs‐based solar cells with focus on developing AlGaInP, AlGaAs, and GaInNAsSb materials, aiming at achieving a wide spectral coverage, that is, 0.7–2.2 eV. To this end, we first benchmark the performance of an upright four‐junction GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAsSb/GaInNAsSb solar cells grown by molecular beam epitaxy on p‐GaAs substrates with bandgaps of 1.88, 1.42, 1.17, and 0.93 eV, respectively. The four‐junction cell exhibited an efficiency of ~39% at 560‐sun illumination while showing good electrical performance even up to 1000 suns. As a first step to further improve the efficiency toward 50% level, we demonstrate AlGaInP (>2 eV) and GaInNAsSb (<0.8 eV) subcells. We prove that AlGaInP cells with 0.1 Al composition would exhibit current‐matching condition when being incorporated in a five‐junction architecture together with two GaInNAsSb bottom and AlGaAs top junctions. Furthermore, current matching required for a six‐junction tandem architecture is achieved for an Al composition of 0.26. Overall, the results open a practical path toward fabrication of lattice‐matched solar cells with more than four junctions.
Thermocouple Temperature Measurements in Metalized Explosive Fireballs
Authors: Frost David L. , Clemenson John‐Mark , Goroshin Samuel , Zhang Fan , Soo Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe detonation of a metalized explosive generates a fireball that has a spatially non‐uniform distribution of particle concentration and gas temperature. The transient gas temperature field must be probed with ruggedized spatially‐ and temporally‐resolved diagnostics. The use of in‐situ thermocouples for temperature measurements within multiphase fireballs is demonstrated. Although the thermocouple temperature lags behind the local gas temperature, the transient gas temperature is assessed by modeling the sensor assuming first‐order response and using two analysis methods: (1) when the thermocouple temperature trace reaches a local extrema, the thermocouple temperature is instantaneously equal to the local gas temperature, and (2) reconstructing the gas temperature trace using multiple co‐located thermocouples of different lag responses. The temperature history within the fireball at various distances is presented for charges consisting of packed beds of particles saturated with liquid nitromethane. The results for reactive particles (Al, Ti, Zr) are compared with non‐reactive particles (Fe), as well as homogeneous NM charges. For NM charges, a maximum gas temperature of about 1100 K occurs at times on the order of 100’s of milliseconds, less than the temperature of the burning soot in the fireball (∼1900 K). With Al particles, the gas temperature is spatially non‐uniform due to particle jetting and non‐uniform particle combustion, but gas temperatures up to about 1800 K are recorded for times up to 0.5 s, less than the temperature of the burning particles (∼2700 K). Inert particles act as a heat sink and the thermocouple temperatures recorded did not exceed 400 K.
An odorant‐binding protein of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, participates in the response of host plant volatiles
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Qiang , Jiang Hong‐Bo , Fan Jia‐Yao , Liu Tian‐Yuan , Meng Li‐Wei , Liu Yi , Yu Hai‐Zhong , Dou Wei , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDOdorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) in insects contribute to the sensitivity of the olfactory system and connect external odorants to olfactory receptor neurons. Determination of the chemosensory functions in Diaphorina citri, a vector of the citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, may help in developing a potential target for pest management.RESULTSDiaphorina citri showed dose‐dependent electroantennogram recording (EAG) responses to 12 host plant volatiles. A two‐choice behavioral trap experiment showed that four compounds (methyl salicylate, linalool, citral and R‐(+)‐limonene) that elicited high EAG responses also had significant attraction to adults. The expression profiles induced by these compounds were detected in nine OBP genes, DcitOBP1–9. DcitOBP3, DcitOBP6 and DcitOBP7 commonly showed significant upregulation or downregulation compared with the control. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) showed that the recombinant protein DcitOBP7 had high in vitro binding affinities (Kd < 10 μm) to methyl salicylate, linalool and R‐(+)‐limonene, and moderate binding affinity to citral with a Kd value of 15.95 μm. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi)‐suppressed messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of DcitOBP7 resulted in a significant reduction in EAG activity and in adult D. citri behavioral responses to tested volatiles and the preferred host, Murraya paniculata. The hydrophilic residue Arg107 of DcitOBP7 may have a key role in binding odorants via formation of hydrogen bonds.CONCLUSIONThese results show that DcitOBP7 plays an important role in the olfactory response. This finding may provide new insight into the functions of OBP families in D. citri and aid in the development of safe strategies for managing D. citri populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comprehensive PBPK model to predict drug interaction potential of Zanubrutinib as a victim or perpetrator
Authors: Wang Kun , Yao Xueting , Zhang Miao , Liu Dongyang , Gao Yuying , Sahasranaman Srikumar , Ou Ying C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to evaluate and predict (1) the effect of concomitant cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitors or inducers on the exposures of zanubrutinib, (2) the effect of zanubrutinib on the exposures of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2B6 substrates, and (3) the impact of gastric pH changes on the pharmacokinetics of zanubrutinib. The model was developed based on physicochemical and in vitro parameters, as well as clinical data, including pharmacokinetic data in patients with B‐cell malignancies and in healthy volunteers from two clinical drug‐drug interaction (DDI) studies of zanubrutinib as a victim of CYP modulators (itraconazole, rifampicin) or a perpetrator (midazolam). This PBPK model was successfully validated to describe the observed plasma concentrations and clinical DDIs of zanubrutinib. Model predictions were generally within 1.5‐fold of the observed clinical data. The PBPK model was used to predict untested clinical scenarios; these simulations indicated that strong, moderate, and mild CYP3A inhibitors may increase zanubrutinib exposures by approximately four‐fold, two‐ to three‐fold, and <1.5‐fold, respectively. Strong and moderate CYP3A inducers may decrease zanubrutinib exposures by two‐ to three‐fold or greater. The PBPK simulations showed that clinically relevant concentrations of zanubrutinib, as a DDI perpetrator, would have no or limited impact on the enzyme activity of CYP2B6 and CYP2C8. Simulations indicated that zanubrutinib exposures are not impacted by acid‐reducing agents. Development of a PBPK model for zanubrutinib as a DDI victim and perpetrator in parallel can increase confidence in PBPK models supporting zanubrutinib label dose recommendations.
Improved performance of identification and adaptive control schemes using fractional operators
Authors: Gallegos Javier A. , Duarte‐Mermoud Manuel A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we address the problem of designing high‐performance adaptive schemes for control and identification applications. Specifically, we propose an estimator with two extra degrees of freedom (DOF) and prove that the choice of them enhances the transient and robust performance while keeping the asymptotic convergence. These two DOF appear when one allows a fractional‐order for derivatives and integrals in the formal expression of a gradient‐like estimator with memory. It is shown that the resulting enhancement in the performance is enlarged when noninteger values are assigned to these DOF. The estimator is used to robustly solve a tracking control problem for uncertain (integer‐order) nonlinear dynamical systems in strict‐feedback form. A numerical example illustrates that the performance features of the proposed estimator are inherited in the closed‐loop behavior.
Exact computation of maximal allowable delay for general second‐order multi‐agents consensus
Authors: Ma Dan , Chen Jie , Chai Tianyou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe delay consensus margin (DCM) defines the largest delay range within which a distributed feedback control protocol can achieve and maintain the consensus robustly against uncertain time delays. This article investigates the exact computation of the DCM for general second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) under distributed proportional‐derivative (PD) feedback, or alternatively known as position and velocity feedback protocols over undirected graphs. We consider MASs with uncertain constant delays, and derive the DCM expression for second‐order agents and show that it can be determined by solving a non‐smooth quasi‐concave optimization problem. The DCM as such, can be computed via convex optimization methods.
Appreciating the First Line of the Human Innate Immune Defense: A Strategy to Model and Alleviate the Neutrophil Elastase‐Mediated Attack toward Bioactivated Biomaterials
Authors: Blum Carina , Taskin Mehmet Berat , Shan Junwen , Schilling Tatjana , Schlegelmilch Katrin , Teßmar Jörg , Groll Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiointerface engineering is a wide‐spread strategy to improve the healing process and subsequent tissue integration of biomaterials. Especially the integration of specific peptides is one promising strategy to promote the regenerative capacity of implants and 3D scaffolds. In vivo, these tailored interfaces are, however, first confronted with the innate immune response. Neutrophils are cells with pronounced proteolytic potential and the first recruited immune cells at the implant site; nonetheless, they have so far been underappreciated in the design of biomaterial interfaces. Herein, an in vitro approach is introduced to model and analyze the neutrophil interaction with bioactivated materials at the example of nano‐bioinspired electrospun surfaces that reveals the vulnerability of a given biointerface design to the contact with neutrophils. A sacrificial, transient hydrogel coating that demonstrates optimal protection for peptide‐modified surfaces and thus alleviates the immediate cleavage by neutrophil elastase is further introduced.
RUE: A caching method for identifying and managing hot data by leveraging resource utilization efficiency
Authors: Ai Liang , Deng Yuhui , Zhou Yi , Feng Hao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, we propose a caching method called RUE for dynamic large‐scale data streams. We define a data model to facilitate hot data identification and management. At the heart of RUE model is hot degree that takes into account two factors data resource utilization efficiency and reuse distance, aiming to quantitatively reflect data popularity in a dynamic data stream. Based on data's hot degree, RUE classifies data into four types, each of which is assigned with an associated cache residence time. Guided by RUE model, we develop HM algorithm to identify and manage hot data in a dynamic data stream. HM algorithm is implemented by four stacks, namely, new stack, short stack, long stack, and temp stack. Moreover, an eviction and a migration algorithms are integrated into HM to facilitate block replacement and migration. To evaluate the performance of HM algorithm, we quantitatively compare the performance of RUE with three state‐of‐art algorithms, namely, LRU, LIRS, and ARC under various replacement policies, operations, and workloads. Experimental results show that RUE outperforms these three existing algorithms in terms of both read and write hit rates. Furthermore, we show that with the four stacks in place, the computing overhead of HM is negligible.
Factorization identities and algebraic Bethe ansatz for $$ {D}_2^{(2)} $$ models
Authors: Nepomechie Rafael I. , Retore Ana L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We express $$ {D}_2^{(2)} $$

D
2

2

transfer matrices as products of $$ {A}_1^{(1)} $$

A
1

1

transfer matrices, for both closed and open spin chains. We use these relations, which we call factorization identities, to solve the models by algebraic Bethe ansatz. We also formulate and solve a new integrable XXZ-like open spin chain with an even number of sites that depends on a continuous parameter, which we interpret as the rapidity of the boundary.
The boostless bootstrap and BCFW momentum shifts
Authors: Stefanyszyn David , Supeł Jakub 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In a recent paper [1], three-particle interactions without invariance under Lorentz boosts were constrained by demanding that they yield tree-level four-particle scattering amplitudes with singularities as dictated by unitarity and locality. In this brief note, we show how to obtain an independent verification and consistency check of these boostless bootstrap results using BCFW momentum shifts. We point out that the constructibility criterion, related to the behaviour of the deformed amplitude at infinite BCFW parameter z, is not strictly necessary to obtain non-trivial constraints for the three-particle interactions.
From soft to hard radiation: the role of multiple scatterings in medium-induced gluon emissions
Authors: Andres Carlota , Dominguez Fabio , Martinez Marcos Gonzalez 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A proper understanding of the physics of medium-induced gluon emissions is known to be of critical importance to describe the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions. In this regard, many theoretical efforts have been directed towards obtaining analytical calculations which might help us discerning the underlying physical picture and the dominant dynamics for different regimes. These analytical approaches rely on approximations whose validity is analyzed here by comparing their results with a recently developed numerical evaluation which includes all-order resummation of multiple scatterings. More specifically, by quantitatively comparing the energy spectrum and rates, we observe that three different regimes — each with its corresponding physical picture — emerge naturally from the equations: the high-energy regime where the emission process is dominated by a single hard scattering, the intermediate-energy regime where coherence effects among multiple scatterings become fundamental, and the low-energy regime where the dynamics is again dominated by a single scattering but where one must include the suppression factor due to the probability of not having any further scatterings (which is obtained through the resummation of virtual terms).
Eigenfunction Expansions of Ultradifferentiable Functions and Ultradistributions. III. Hilbert Spaces and Universality
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we analyse the structure of the spaces of smooth type functions, generated by elements of arbitrary Hilbert spaces, as a continuation of the research in our papers (Dasgupta and Ruzhansky in Trans Am Math Soc 368(12):8481–8498, 2016) and (Dasgupta and Ruzhansky in Trans Am Math Soc Ser B 5:81–101, 2018). We prove that these spaces are perfect sequence spaces. As a consequence we describe the tensor structure of sequential mappings on the spaces of smooth type functions and characterise their adjoint mappings. As an application we prove the universality of the spaces of smooth type functions on compact manifolds without boundary.
QTL mapping for grain yield and three yield components in a population derived from two high-yielding spring wheat cultivars
Authors: Isham Kyle , Wang Rui , Zhao Weidong , Wheeler Justin , Klassen Natalie , Akhunov Eduard , Chen Jianli 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Key message
Four genomic regions on chromosomes 4A, 6A, 7B, and 7D were discovered, each with multiple tightly linked QTL (QTL clusters) associated with two to three yield components. The 7D QTL cluster was associated with grain yield, fertile spikelet number per spike, thousand kernel weight, and heading date. It was located in the flanking region of FT-D1, a homolog gene of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T, a major gene that regulates wheat flowering.

Abstract
Genetic manipulation of yield components is an important approach to increase grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The present study used a mapping population comprised of 181 doubled haploid lines derived from two high-yielding spring wheat cultivars, UI Platinum and LCS Star. The two cultivars and the derived population were assessed for six traits in eight field trials primarily in Idaho in the USA. The six traits were grain yield, fertile spikelet number per spike, productive tiller number per unit area, thousand kernel weight, heading date, and plant height. Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis of the six traits was conducted using 14,236 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated from the wheat 90 K SNP and the exome and promoter capture arrays. Of the 19 QTL detected, 14 were clustered in four chromosomal regions on 4A, 6A, 7B and 7D. Each of the four QTL clusters was associated with multiple yield component traits, and these traits were often negatively correlated with one another. As a result, additional QTL dissection studies are needed to optimize trade-offs among yield component traits for specific production environments. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers for the four QTL clusters were developed and assessed in an elite spring wheat panel of 170 lines, and eight of the 14 QTL were validated. The two parents contain complementary alleles for the four QTL clusters, suggesting the possibility of improving grain yield via genetic recombination of yield component loci.