bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free-Living Standing Activity as Assessed by Seismic Accelerometers and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The MIND Trial
Authors: Halloway Shannon , Dhana Klodian , Desai Pankaja , Agarwal Puja , Holland Thomas , Aggarwal Neelum T , Evers Jordi , Sacks Frank M , Carey Vincent J , Barnes Lisa L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Few older adults are able to achieve recommended levels of moderate–vigorous physical activity despite known cognitive benefits. Alternatively, less intense activities such as standing can be easily integrated into daily life. No existing study has examined the impact of free-living standing activity during daily life as measured by a device on cognition in older adults. Our purpose was to examine the association between free-living standing activity and cognitive function in cognitively healthy older adults.

Method
Participants were 98 adults aged 65 years or older from the ongoing MIND trial (NCT02817074) without diagnoses or symptoms of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Linear regression analyses tested cross-sectional associations between standing activity (duration and intensity from the MoveMonitor+ accelerometer/gyroscope) and cognition (4 cognitive domains constructed from 12 cognitive performance tests).

Results
Participants were on average 69.7 years old (SD = 3.7), 69.4% women, and 73.5% had a college degree or higher. Higher mean intensity of standing activity was significantly associated with higher levels of perceptual speed when adjusting for age, gender, and education level. Each log unit increase in standing activity intensity was associated with 0.72 units higher of perceptual speed (p = .023). When we additionally adjusted for cognitive activities and moderate–vigorous physical activity, and then also for body mass index, depressive symptoms, prescription medication use, and device wear time, the positive association remained.

Conclusions
These findings should be further explored in longitudinal analyses and interventions for cognition that incorporate small changes to free-living activity in addition to promoting moderate–vigorous physical activity.
Couple Analysis in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Authors: Wong Jaclyn S , Hsieh Ning 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Marital and intimate partner relationships are some of the most important social ties that shape older adults’ health and well-being. This paper provides analytic guidelines for the couple data in Round 2 (2010–2011) and Round 3 (2015–2016) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) to encourage more research on marriage and partnership in late life.

Method
First, we describe the recruitment of couples and outline how to identify partners in the data sets. Second, we provide descriptive information about the couple sample. Third, we offer guidance for analyzing the dyadic data cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Results
Round 2 interviewed all primary respondents and a sample of their current cohabiting partners and spouses (n = 955 couples). In Round 3, NSHAP reinterviewed the primary respondents and partners who participated in Round 2 (Cohort 1; n = 621 couples) and recruited a new sample of age-eligible adults along with any cohabiting romantic partners (Cohort 2; n = 766 couples). Couples can be identified using a household ID variable in Round 2 and a partner ID variable in Round 3. Demographic characteristics of the couple sample vary by round and cohort.

Discussion
Researchers can use data from either round to conduct cross-sectional dyadic analyses to examine issues faced by older couples. A common strategy for couple analysis is the actor–partner interdependence model. With 2 rounds of couple-level data, researchers may consider using cross-lagged models in their research.
Exploration of changes in health-related behaviours among Saudi Arabian undergraduates in the UK
Authors: Alzain Hassan Mohammed , Leavey Conan , Mitchell Graeme , Gee Ivan , Hall Jason , Al-Subaie Abdullah Saad 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis project is an exploratory survey of the ways in which living in the UK has affected the health-related behaviours of Saudi Arabian undergraduate students. The study identifies changes in exercise behaviours, dietary and smoking habits and experiences of stress after their move to the UK. In addition, it identifies what the students perceive to be the drivers of these changes. To achieve this, an online questionnaire was developed collecting quantitative data. This was distributed via Facebook groups specifically for Saudi students in the UK. The results demonstrate that a majority of Saudi Arabian undergraduates felt that their behaviours had become healthier since their move to the UK, mainly as a result of a more active lifestyle, derived from reduced reliance on cars, increased daily walking, and a heightened focus on health promoted by their independence, the availability of healthy foods and exposure to a more health-promoting culture. Although these results are based on a relatively small sample, they are surprising since they contradict previous studies on international students, which have generally found negative lifestyle changes during their studies, including increased stress, poorer dietary habits and a decline in physical activity. Although the exploratory nature of the study means that concrete recommendations cannot be made, it nonetheless offers an impetus for further research into how Saudi Arabian students may be encouraged to adopt healthier lifestyles while studying in the UK.
Performance characteristics and working fluid selection for high-temperature organic Rankine cycle driven by solar parabolic trough collector
Authors: Zhao Wei , Xie Ning , Zhang Wei , Yue Jingpeng , Wang Lingbao , Bu Xianbiao , Li Huashan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In present paper, thermodynamic analysis and techno-economic assessment of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) coupled with solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) are investigated. The thermodynamic and economic models, based on the principles of thermodynamics and heat transfer, as well as dynamic economic analysis, are developed for the components of the combined system. By performing a parametric study, the effects of outlet temperature (TPTC,out) and temperature difference between inlet and outlet of PTC (ΔT) and pinch point temperature difference of heat exchangers on the thermo-economic performance are evaluated. Moreover, under reasonable thermodynamic boundary conditions, the optimal operational parameters are obtained via a Pareto frontier solution. It is indicated that the improving TPTC,out is beneficial to the thermo-economic performance. Among the fluid candidates, toluene yields the best energy, exergetic and economic performance. There exists an optimal ΔT at which the thermal and exergy efficiency achieve the maximum. The optimal ΔT is 19–26°C for the screened working fluids. The pinch point temperature difference of evaporator has different impact on the system performance compared with that of condenser. The evaporator pinch point temperature difference has slight influence on the economic performance when it is larger than 10°C. While there is optimized condenser pinch point temperature difference (7–8°C), the economic performance is the optimal. The PTC and heat exchanger are the main source of total investment cost, account for more than 75%. The Pareto frontier solutions can provide a design guide for the decision maker.
Combination versus monotherapy as definitive treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia: a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Babich Tanya , Naucler Pontus , Valik John Karlsson , Giske Christian G , Benito Natividad , Cardona Ruben , Rivera Alba , Pulcini Celine , Abdel Fattah Manal , Haquin Justine , MacGowan Alasdair , Grier Sally , Gibbs Julie , Chazan Bibiana , Yanovskay Anna , Ami Ronen Ben , Landes Michal , Nesher Lior , Zaidman-Shimshovitz Adi , McCarthy Kate , Paterson David L , Tacconelli Evelina , Buhl Michael , Mauer Susanna , Rodriguez-Bano Jesus , Morales Isabel , Oliver Antonio , Ruiz de Gopegui Enrique , Cano Angela , Machuca Isabel , Gozalo-Marguello Monica , Martinez Luis Martinez , Gonzalez-Barbera Eva M , Alfaro Iris Gomez , Salavert Miguel , Beovic Bojana , Saje Andreja , Mueller-Premru Manica , Pagani Leonardo , Vitrat Virginie , Kofteridis Diamantis , Zacharioudaki Maria , Maraki Sofia , Weissman Yulia , Paul Mical , Dickstein Yaakov , Leibovici Leonard , Yahav Dafna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia is a common and serious infection. No consensus exists regarding whether definitive combination therapy is superior to monotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the impact of combination therapy on mortality.

Methods
This was a multicentre retrospective study (nine countries, 25 centres), including 1277 patients with P. aeruginosa bacteraemia during 2009–15. We evaluated the association between β-lactam plus aminoglycoside or quinolone combination therapy versus β-lactam monotherapy and mortality. The primary outcome was 30 day all-cause mortality. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted, introducing combination as a time-dependent variable. Propensity score was conducted to adjust for confounding for choosing combination therapy over monotherapy.

Results
Of 1119 patients included, 843 received definitive monotherapy and 276 received combination therapy (59% aminoglycoside and 41% quinolone). Mortality at 30 days was 16.9% (189/1119) and was similar between combination (45/276; 16.3%) and monotherapy (144/843; 17.1%) groups (P = 0.765). In multivariate Cox regression, combination therapy was not associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.64–1.53). No advantage in terms of clinical failure, microbiological failure or recurrent/persistent bacteraemia was demonstrated using combination therapy. Likewise, adverse events and resistance development were similar for the two regimens.

Conclusions
In this retrospective cohort, no mortality advantage was demonstrated using combination therapy over monotherapy for P. aeruginosa bacteraemia. Combination therapy did not improve clinical or microbiological failure rates, nor affect adverse events or resistance development. Our finding of no benefit with combination therapy needs confirmation in well-designed randomized controlled trials.
Public views about COVID-19 ‘Immunity Passports’
Authors: Hall Mark A , Studdert David M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Importance
Discovery of effective vaccines and increased confidence that infection confers extended protection against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have renewed discussion of using immunity certificates or ‘passports’ to selectively reduce ongoing public health restrictions.

Objective
To determine public views regarding government and private conferral of immunity privileges.

Design and Setting
National on-line survey fielded in June 2020. Participants were randomly asked about either government ‘passports’ or private ‘certificates’ for COVID-19 immunity.

Participants
Adults from a standing panel maintained for academic research, selected to approximate national demographics.

Main Outcomes/Measures
Level of support/opposition to immunity privileges, and whether views vary based on: government vs. private adoption; demographics; political affiliation or views; or various COVID19-related attitudes and experiences.

Results
Of 1315 respondents, 45.2% supported immunity privileges, with slightly more favoring private certificates than government passports (48.1% vs 42.6%, p = 0.04). Support was greater for using passports or certificates to enable returns to high-risk jobs or attendance at large recreational events than for returning to work generally. Levels of support did not vary significantly according to age groups, socioeconomic or employment status, urbanicity, political affiliation or views, or whether the respondent had chronic disease(s). However, estimates from adjusted analyses showed less support among women (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.80), and among Hispanics (0.56; 0.40 to 0.78) and other minorities (0.58; 0.40 to 0.85) compared with whites, but not among blacks (0.83; 0.60 to 1.15). Support was much higher among those who personally wanted a passport or certificate (75.6% vs 24.4%) and much lower among those who believed this would harm the social fabric of their community (22.9% vs 77.1%).

Conclusions and Relevance
Public views are divided on both government or private uses of immunity certificates, but, prior to any efforts to politicize the issues, these views did not vary along usual political lines or by characteristics that indicate individual vulnerability to infection. Social consensus on the desirability of an immunity privileges programs may be difficult to achieve.
Genomic Risk Score for Melanoma in a Prospective Study of Older Individuals
Authors: Bakshi Andrew , Yan Mabel , Riaz Moeen , Polekhina Galina , Orchard Suzanne G , Tiller Jane , Wolfe Rory , Joshi Amit , Cao Yin , McInerney-Leo Aideen M , Yanes Tatiane , Janda Monika , Soyer H Peter , Cust Anne E , Law Matthew H , Gibbs Peter , McLean Catriona , Chan Andrew T , McNeil John J , Mar Victoria J , Lacaze Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Recent genome-wide association meta-analysis for melanoma doubled the number of previously identified variants. We assessed the performance of an updated polygenic risk score (PRS) in a population of older individuals, where melanoma incidence and cumulative ultraviolet radiation exposure is greatest.

Methods
We assessed a PRS for cutaneous melanoma comprising 55 variants in a prospective study of 12 712 individuals in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Trial. We evaluated incident melanomas diagnosed during the trial and prevalent melanomas diagnosed preenrolment (self-reported). Multivariable models examined associations between PRS as a continuous variable (per SD) and categorical (low-risk [0%-20%], medium-risk [21%-80%], high-risk [81%-100%] groups) with incident melanoma. Logistic regression examined the association between PRS and prevalent melanoma.

Results
At baseline, mean participant age was 75 years; 55.0% were female, and 528 (4.2%) had prevalent melanomas. During follow-up (median = 4.7 years), 120 (1.0%) incident cutaneous melanomas occurred, 98 of which were in participants with no history. PRS was associated with incident melanoma (hazard ratio = 1.46 per SD, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 1.77) and prevalent melanoma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55 per SD, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.69). Participants in the highest-risk PRS group had increased risk compared with the low-risk group for incident melanoma (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.28 to 4.92) and prevalent melanoma (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 2.69 to 5.05). When stratifying by sex, only males had an association between the PRS and incident melanoma, whereas both sexes had an association between the PRS and prevalent melanoma.

Conclusions
A genomic risk score is associated with melanoma risk in older individuals and may contribute to targeted surveillance.
Argonaute integrated single-tube PCR system enables supersensitive detection of rare mutations
Authors: Liu Qian , Guo Xiang , Xun Guanhua , Li Zhonglei , Chong Yuesheng , Yang Litao , Wang Hongxia , Zhang Fengchun , Luo Shukun , Cui Li , Zhao Pengshu , Ye Xingyu , Xu Heshan , Lu Hui , Li Xiao , Deng Zixin , Li Kai , Feng Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Technological advances in rare DNA mutations detection have revolutionized the diagnosis and monitoring of tumors, but they are still limited by the lack of supersensitive and high-coverage procedures for identifying low-abundance mutations. Here, we describe a single-tube, multiplex PCR-based system, A-Star, that involves a hyperthermophilic Argonaute from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfAgo) for highly efficient detection of rare mutations beneficial from its compatibility with DNA polymerase. This novel technique uses a specific guide design strategy to allow PfAgo selective cleavage with single-nucleotide resolution at 94°C, thus mostly eliminating wild-type DNA in the denaturation step and efficiently amplifying rare mutant DNA during the PCR process. The integrated single-tube system achieved great efficiency for enriching rare mutations compared with a divided system separating the cleavage and amplification. Thus, A-Star enables easy detection and quantification of 0.01% rare mutations with ≥5500-fold increase in efficiency. The feasibility of A-Star was also demonstrated for detecting oncogenic mutations in solid tumor tissues and blood samples. Remarkably, A-Star achieved simultaneous detection of multiple oncogenes through a simple single-tube reaction by orthogonal guide-directed specific cleavage. This study demonstrates a supersensitive and rapid nucleic acid detection system with promising potential for both research and therapeutic applications.
RNase R is associated in a functional complex with the RhpA DEAD-box RNA helicase inHelicobacter pylori
Authors: Tejada-Arranz Alejandro , Matos Rute G , Quentin Yves , Bouilloux-Lafont Maxime , Galtier Eloïse , Briolat Valérie , Kornobis Etienne , Douché Thibaut , Matondo Mariette , Arraiano Cecilia M , Raynal Bertrand , De Reuse Hilde 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRibonucleases are central players in post-transcriptional regulation, a major level of gene expression regulation in all cells. Here, we characterized the 3′-5′ exoribonuclease RNase R from the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. The ‘prototypical’ Escherichia coli RNase R displays both exoribonuclease and helicase activities, but whether this latter RNA unwinding function is a general feature of bacterial RNase R had not been addressed. We observed that H. pylori HpRNase R protein does not carry the domains responsible for helicase activity and accordingly the purified protein is unable to degrade in vitro RNA molecules with secondary structures. The lack of RNase R helicase domains is widespread among the Campylobacterota, which include Helicobacter and Campylobacter genera, and this loss occurred gradually during their evolution. An in vivo interaction between HpRNase R and RhpA, the sole DEAD-box RNA helicase of H. pylori was discovered. Purified RhpA facilitates the degradation of double stranded RNA by HpRNase R, showing that this complex is functional. HpRNase R has a minor role in 5S rRNA maturation and few targets in H. pylori, all included in the RhpA regulon. We concluded that during evolution, HpRNase R has co-opted the RhpA helicase to compensate for its lack of helicase activity.
A systematic comparison of ionization temperatures between ionizing and recombining plasmas in supernova remnants
Authors: Yamauchi Shigeo , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Koyama Katsuji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The temperatures of the plasma in supernova remnants (SNRs) are initially very low just after the shock heating. The electron temperature (kTe) increases quickly by Coulomb interaction, and then the energetic electrons gradually ionize atoms to increase the ionization temperature (kTi). The observational fact is that most young and middle-to-old SNRs have lower kTi than kTe after the shock heating. The temperature evolution in shell-like SNRs has been explained by this ionizing plasma (IP) scenario. On the other hand, in the last decade, a significant fraction of mixed-morphology SNRs was found to exhibit a recombining plasma (RP) with higher kTi than kTe. The origin and the evolution mechanism of RP SNRs have been puzzling. To address this puzzle, this paper presents kTe and kTi profiles using follow-up Suzaku observations, and then proposes a new scenario for the temperature and morphology evolution in IP and RP SNRs.
Explaining Intergovernmental Coordination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Responses in Australia, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland
Authors: Schnabel Johanna , Hegele Yvonne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic required prompt action from governments all over the world. In federal systems, it can be important or beneficial to coordinate crisis management between the various governments. The extent to which intergovernmental coordination occurred and the form it took (vertical or horizontal) varied across countries and regarding the measures taken. By examining the introduction and the subsequent easing of containment measures and the procurement of medical supplies in Australia, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland, this article identifies the circumstances under which intergovernmental coordination occurs. Surprisingly, the existence of strong intergovernmental councils did not lead to closer intergovernmental coordination. Governments coordinated more intensively when jurisdiction was shared, problem pressure was high, and measures were(re-)distributive in nature. Vertical coordination was more likely when vertical intergovernmental councils existed and powers were shared.
PROTEOMIC ASSESSMENT OF CIRCULATING MICROPARTICLES IN HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES
Authors: Varol Ozgun , Turner Maddison , Thibodeau Jean-Francois , Holterman Chet , Kennedy Christopher , Burger Dylan 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
It is estimated that 415 million individuals are living with diabetes and an estimated 1.13 billion individuals worldwide have hypertension. Hypertension and diabetes are both associated with increased cardiovascular risk however the molecular changes to the vasculature associated these conditions are not fully understood. In the present study we examined the protein composition of circulating microparticles (MPs) in hypertensive, diabetic and healthy mice to identify common and disease-specific molecular changes.

Design and method:
Protein content was assessed in microparticles isolated from platelet-poor plasma of transgenic mice expressing human renin in the liver (TtRhRen, hypertension model), OVE26 type 1 diabetic mice and wild-type (WT) FVBN mice. Microparticles were isolated by differential centrifugation and protein content was analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Results:
We identified a total of 297 independent proteins with at least 2 peptides per protein. Of these, 163 proteins were found in all groups studied, 48 were exclusive to WT mice, 23 were exclusive to OVE26 mice and 4 were exclusive to TtRhRen mice. In addition, 22 proteins were observed with > 1.5 fold change (FC) compared to wild-type mice, and 68 proteins were reduced by > 50%. Amongst the top ten differentially expressed proteins, fibrinogen was upregulated in both OVE26 and TtRhRen mice compared with wild-type controls. Similarly Trem-like transcript 1, sarcoplasmic/ endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 and junction plakoglobin were all downregulated in both OVE26 mice and TtRhRen mice. Conversely, arginase was up-regulated in diabetic, but not hypertensive mice while carboxypeptidase was up-regulated in hypertensive but not diabetic mice. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of 96 proteins unique or enriched in MPs from OVE26 mice indicated the presence of proteins involved in arginine biosynthesis and blood coagulation. GO analysis of TtRhRen-enriched proteins indicated presence of proteins associated with integrin signaling and inflammation.

Conclusions:
In summary, assessment of MP protein composition revealed common and disease-specific changes in diabetes and hypertension. Further analysis of these changes may lead to the identification of novel pathways associated with the pathogenesis of vascular injury in hypertension and diabetes.