bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethically (un)bounding camp research: Life histories within and beyond camp boundaries
Authors: Weima Yolanda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe changing enforcement and porosity of camp boundaries have implications for research in camps and their environs. Camp research is increasingly blurring their locational and categorical boundaries. However, in contexts where camp boundaries are being actively “hardened,” researchers must be attentive to possible effects of research across boundaries for those who are targeted by encampment. Research has an ethical imperative to challenge exclusionary boundaries and categories, recognising the many ways these constructed boundaries are already crossed and contested. It must also conscientiously negotiate and even defer to boundaries in research when participants may otherwise be at risk because of the underlying violence that maintains camps as discrete spatial technologies of power. In conducting life‐history research with Burundian refugees in Tanzania, I chose to “bound” my research with Burundian refugees to within camp boundaries, to reduce the risk to research participants. I argue that although research in camps may risk reifying camp boundaries, it can nevertheless conscientiously reach beyond and challenge camp boundaries through attentive methods. The stories recounted in this research reach far beyond camp boundaries, and include experiences of Burundian border‐crossers seeking liveable lives in diverse places and situations, not always of their own choosing. Life histories thus weave an imperfect, inchoate “minor cartography” of often‐invisibilised, diverse sites of refugee lives, bound up with the changing power and policing of camp boundaries shaping refugees' trajectories in the broader “campscape” over time.
Why youth are more purposeful than we think
Authors: Hill Patrick L. , Burrow Anthony L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA core attribute of the positive youth development movement has been to nullify negative perceptions of youth’s capacities. Toward this end, measurement and classification systems benefit from efforts to view youth’s capacities as assets contextualized by developmental potentials and opportunities. In this article, we consider this point with respect to whether youth are purposeful. The prevailing sentiment of some researchers holds that few adolescents have a purpose in life, perhaps reifying negative beliefs about their capacity. We assert an alternative view that focuses on sense of purpose, which relies on abundant evidence that adolescents generally perceive themselves to be purposeful, thus offering a more inclusive and positive portrayal of young people. This different perspective also opens the door to new opportunities for studying the development of purpose among marginalized adolescents, as well as how interventions may motivate a sense of purpose among youth.
Meta‐analysis and systematic review: Prevalence, graft failure, mortality, and post‐operative thrombosis in liver transplant recipients with pre‐operative portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Yeo Jun Wei , Law Michelle Shi Ni , Lim Joseph Chun Liang , Ng Cheng Han , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Tay Phoebe Wen Lin , Syn Nicholas , Tham Hui Yu , Huang Daniel Q. , Siddiqui M. Shadab , Iyer Shridhar , Muthiah Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsThis study seeks to evaluate the association between pre‐transplant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and overall survival, graft failure, waitlist mortality, and post‐operative PVT after liver transplantation.MethodsA conventional pairwise meta‐analysis between patients with and without pre‐transplant PVT was conducted using hazard ratios or odds ratios where appropriate.ResultsPrevalence of preoperative PVT was 11.6% (CI 9.70–13.7%). Pre‐operative PVT was associated with increased overall mortality (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.27–1.65) and graft loss (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.34–1.85). In particular, grade 3 (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.00–2.51) and 4 (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.45–3.45) PVT significantly increased mortality, but not grade 1 or 2 PVT. Patients with PVT receiving living donor (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.24–1.91) and deceased donor (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21–1.92) liver transplantation had increased mortality, with no significant difference between transplant types (P = .13). Furthermore, pre‐transplant PVT was associated with higher occurrence of post‐transplant PVT (OR 5.06, 95% CI 3.89–6.57). Waitlist mortality was not significantly increased in patients with pre‐transplant PVT.ConclusionGraft failure, mortality, and post‐operative PVT are more common in pre‐transplant PVT patients, especially in grade 3 or 4 PVT. Prophylactic anticoagulation can be considered to reduce re‐thrombosis and improve survival.
Obsessive‐compulsive disorder in children and youth: neurocognitive function in clinic and community samples
Authors: Schachar Russell J. , Dupuis Annie , Anagnostou Evdokia , Georgiades Stelios , Soreni Noam , Arnold Paul D. , Burton Christie L. , Crosbie Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundNeurocognitive impairments are common in OCD, although not well studied in children and youth with the disorder.MethodUsing the stop‐signal task (SST), we measured response inhibition (stop‐signal reaction time—SSRT), sustained attention (reaction time variability—RTV), reaction time (RT), and performance monitoring (post‐error slowing—PES) in OCD cases and controls from two samples of children and youth. A Clinic OCD group (n = 171, aged 7–17 years) was recruited from a specialty clinic after rigorous assessment. A typically developing (Clinic TD, n = 157) group was enlisted through advertisement. A community OCD sample (Community OCD, n = 147) and controls (Community TD n = 13,832, aged 6‐17 years) were recruited at a science museum. We also identified a community group with high OCD traits without an OCD diagnosis (Community High Trait; n = 125).ResultsClinic OCD participants had longer SSRT and greater RTV than Clinic TD. These effects were greater in younger OCD participants and, for SSRT, in those on medication for OCD. The Community OCD group did not differ from Controls but was similar to the Clinic OCD group in ADHD and ASD comorbidity and medication usage. The Community High Trait group had longer SSRT and atypical PES suggesting that symptom severity predicts neurocognitive function. No group differences were found in RT.ConclusionsIn the largest study of neurocognitive performance in children with OCD to date, we found impaired response inhibition and sustained attention in OCD participants in comparison to typically developing peers. Performance was worse in younger OCD participants. In the community sample, participants with high OCD trait scores but no OCD diagnosis had impaired response inhibition and error processing, suggesting that OCD might be under‐recognized.
The tarnished silver spoon? Trade‐off between prenatal growth and telomere length in wild boar
Authors: Spießberger Magdalena , Hoelzl Franz , Smith Steve , Vetter Sebastian , Ruf Thomas , Nowack Julia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLife‐history theory predicts a trade‐off between growth rates and lifespan, which is reflected by telomere length, a biomarker of somatic state. We investigated the correlation between telomere length and early‐life growth of wild boar piglets, Sus scrofa, kept under semi‐natural conditions with high food availability to examine our hypothesis that increased pre‐ and postnatal growth will lead to telomere length attrition, but that a high supply of nutrient may provide the possibility to compensate telomere loss via telomere repair mechanisms. As predicted, our data showed a clear negative correlation between birth body mass and initial telomere length: heavier neonates had shorter telomeres at birth, and we did not find an influence of the mother on initial telomere length. Body mass at birth correlated with body mass later in life and postnatal growth rate did not affect telomere length. We observed an increase in telomere length during postnatal development, suggesting that high food availability allowed piglets to invest into both, growth and telomere restoration. The increase in telomere length over the duration of the study was not accompanied by telomerase activity; thus, telomere elongation was caused either by alternative mechanisms or by short pulses of telomerase activity that we missed. Taken together, this study suggests a trade‐off between investment into growth and telomere maintenance even before birth and the possibility to compensate telomere attrition during growth under high amounts of available energy.
First historical cements in France from Boulogne sur Mer: Investigations on 19th century's manufactured cement‐based monuments
Authors: Jebbawy Marwa , Thiery Vincent , Bouichou Myriam , Marie‐Victoire Elisabeth , Davy Catherine , Izoret Laurent , Albert‐Mercier Cyrille , Moreau Myriam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Boulogne‐Sur‐Mer area in the North of France is one of the cradles of the French cement industry (the other main one is Grenoble region due to Joseph Vicat's first cement works). From fast setting (Roman) to Portland, those cements were famous in France and have been used throughout the entire country. The main objective of this study is to give a preliminary insight of the type of binders used since there is currently few and scattered data on those specific structures and to assess the efficiency of traditional analytical techniques [X‐ray diffraction (XRD), optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, coupled with EDS analysis] used to differentiate natural and artificial cements.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of park coverage, greenness exposure and neighbourhood median household income with children's depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Naya Christine H , Yi Li , Chu Daniel , Dunton Genevieve F , Mason Tyler B 
Published: October 2021

AimInternalising symptoms and disorders often emerge in childhood and are associated with negative health outcomes into adulthood. Studies have shown neighbourhood characteristics (e.g. socio‐economic composition, greenspace exposure) to be associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in adults; however, research that explores these relationships longitudinally in children is lacking. This study examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of neighbourhood characteristics with developmental trajectories of internalising symptoms in 202 children (ages 8–12) from the Mothers' and Their Children's Health (MATCH) Study.MethodsThe MATCH Study is a Los Angeles‐based longitudinal observational investigation of children's health outcomes with six semi‐annual assessment waves across 3 years. Latent growth curve modelling was used to examine cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between child's self‐reported anxiety or depressive symptoms and their neighbourhood's park coverage, greenness exposure and median household income. All models included the following as covariates: child's age, sex, ethnicity, family household income and mother's mental health measures.ResultsCross‐sectionally, results indicated that neighbourhood median household income was negatively associated with children's depressive symptoms at baseline. Longitudinally, neighbourhood median household income was associated with steeper increases in children's depressive symptoms. Neither greenness exposure nor park coverage was associated with children's depressive or anxiety symptoms cross‐sectionally or longitudinally.ConclusionsChildhood plays a key factor in setting the foundations for healthy mental, social, physical and cognitive growth. Our study suggests future mental health prevention programmes in youth should cater to a multilevel approach that integrates individual, familial and neighbourhood interventions and pay special attention to their neighbourhood SES levels.
Heart failure with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF): A new entity with improved cardiac outcome
Authors: Zeller Judith , Hubauer Ute , Schober Andreas , Schober Alexander , Keyser Andreas , Fredersdorf Sabine , Uecer Ekrem , Maier Lars S. , Jungbauer Carsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAim of the study was a better characterization of heart failure (HF) with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) and undulating EF (HFuEF) with regard to re‐hospitalization due to congestive HF (CHF), adequate electric therapies (AETs) and mortality compared to HF with reduced EF (HFrEF), mid‐range EF (HFmrEF) and preserved EF (pEF).MethodsRetrospective study of 342 participants with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for primary or secondary prevention. Type of HF was classified according to left ventricular EF with 4.7 ± 3.1 investigations for each patient.ResultsRe‐hospitalization due to CHF was similar in HFrecEF (7 (9.5%)), HFmrEF (2(9.0%)) and pEF (8(12.9%); p = n.s.) and significantly higher in HFrEF (62(38.0%)) and HFuEF (6(28.6%); p < .001 compared to HFrecEF and HFrEF). AETs were significantly lower in HFrecEF (13(17.6%)) compared to HFrEF (57(35.0%)), HFmrEF (7(31.8%)), pEF (18(29.0%)) and HFuEF (6(28.6%); each p < .01 compared to HFrecEF). Mortality was similar in HFrecEF (6(8.1%)) compared to HFuEF (0(0%)), pEF (4(6.5%)) and HFmrEF (2(9.0%), p = n.s.) and significantly lower compared to HFrEF (52(31.9%), p < .001). HFrEF was the strongest predictor for mortality besides age and chronic renal insufficiency according to Cox Regression (each p < .05) opposite to arterial hypertension, diabetes, type of cardiomyopathy and secondary prevention ICD indication (each p = n.s.).ConclusionsHFrecEF indicates as a new entity of HF with similar prognosis as pEF and HFmrEF with regard to re‐hospitalization due to CHF and mortality and even better prognosis with regard to AETs. HFuEF showed similar rates of re‐hospitalization due to CHF and AETs compared to HFrEF, but lower rates of mortality.
Diagnosis and treatment of cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a pediatric lung transplant patient
Authors: Schrader Anna , Melicoff Ernestina , Munoz Flor , Mallory George B. , Curry Choladda V. , Gazzaneo Maria C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAsymptomatic pulmonary nodules may appear at any point after lung transplantation. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes serious life‐threatening disease entities.MethodsA retrospective case report of a single patient who developed a pulmonary nodule after lung transplantation.ResultsAt 2 years post‐transplant, an 11‐year‐old with cystic fibrosis was asymptomatic and had normal lung function. A single nodule was noted on surveillance chest CT scan. Initial evaluation was negative, but subsequently, he was diagnosed with cryptococcal osteomyelitis in a thoracic rib. He responded well to an extended course of antifungal therapy without loss of allograft function or infectious complications.ConclusionPulmonary nodules after lung transplantation may be a harbinger of serious complications. A systematic approach to evaluation and follow‐up is recommended.
Surgical technique and the long‐term outcomes of pediatric living donor domino liver transplantation from patients with maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Shimizu Seiichi , Sakamoto Seisuke , Fukuda Akinari , Yanagi Yusuke , Uchida Hajime , Mimori Kotaro , Nakao Toshimasa , Sun Chao , Horikawa Reiko , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe native liver of patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) (1st recipients) can be used as a graft for non‐MSUD patients with end‐stage liver disease (2nd recipients). This study aimed to demonstrate the optimal operational procedures and the long‐term outcomes of 2nd recipients.MethodsSix 2nd recipients of living donor domino liver transplantation (LD‐DLT) (age: 42.5 [22–169] months at DLT) received a native liver as a graft from an MSUD patient at our hospital between June 2014 and April 2020. We reviewed the operational procedures and outcomes of 2nd recipients after LD‐DLT.ResultsThe 2nd recipients' original diseases included biliary atresia, congenital hepatic fibrosis, congenital protein C deficiency, familial hypercholesterolemia, hepatoblastoma, and mitochondrial hepatopathy. Five of the six recipients had a whole liver and one had a right lobe graft. The site at which the vessels of the MSUD liver were dissected prioritized the safety of the 1st recipient. At the end of follow‐up, all recipients were doing well without surgical complications. The mean serum amino acid values of the 2nd recipients did not exceed the upper limit of the reference values during the long‐term observation period. All patients showed normal growth while maintaining the same z‐score of height and weight after LD‐DLT as the preoperative level.ConclusionThe liver of patients with MSUD can be used safely without concern regarding long‐term complications or de novo MSUD development. LD‐DLT using the MSUD liver can expand the donor pool as an alternative graft in pediatric LT.
Conidial production and viability of Calonectria pseudonaviculata on infected boxwood leaves as affected by temperature, wetness, and dryness periods
Authors: Avenot Herve F. , Baudoin Anton , Hong Chuanxue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCalonectria pseudonaviculata causes lesions on boxwood leaves and twigs. Controlled‐environment experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature and leaf wetness period on C. pseudonaviculata sporulation on diseased (cv. Suffruticosa) leaves and of dryness periods and high temperature on conidial survival. Infected leaves were incubated in moist chambers and subjected to six temperatures (9, 13, 17, 21, 25, and 29°C) and six leaf wetness periods (0, 12, 24, 40, 48, and 72 h). Spore production was influenced significantly by wetness period, temperature, and their interaction. Increasing duration of leaf wetness and increasing temperature generally increased sporulation, with no sporulation occurring at 29°C or 9 and 13°C, except at 72 h of wetness exposure, while it was optimal at 21°C. Detached leaves with profuse conidia were subjected to a range of drying (relative humidity at 65%) times (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h) at two temperatures of 21 and 29°C. Conidia were then harvested and plated on water agar. Germinating conidia were counted to measure the spore viability. Spore mortality increased with increasing dryness duration at both temperatures but occurred more quickly and severely at 29 than 21°C. Overall, this study extended biological knowledge of conditions required for crucial stages of the C. pseudonaviculata disease cycle and the obtained results will be vital for developing boxwood blight forecasting and management tools.
Risk Attenuation and Amplification in the U.S. Opioid Crisis
Authors: Cantor Robin , Bates Heather , MacKoul Claire 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe evolution of risk identification and ultimately the public and private responses that have become known collectively as the “opioid crisis” is an important case study in risk management due to the reach and magnitude of its impacts. This article examines a number of “signals” related to opioid risks using the social amplification of risk framework (SARF) to investigate a limited set of public‐sector activities and policy responses. We evaluate whether the SARF presents an effective lens to examine the serious shortcomings of risk management of opioid use, which has a history of risk attenuation and, more recently, evidence of risk amplification. Our goal in this article is limited to addressing “goodness of fit” of the SARF as a descriptive tool. We consider whether the SARF effectively reveals important gaps in public risk management responses for the opioid example and other similarly situated societal risk problems. Applying SARF supports that its suggested relationship between risk signals and inappropriate attenuated public response does generate useful insights into regulatory efficacy for examples of public risk management. Similar such conclusions about inappropriate public responses stemming from the amplification factors are less supported because, in this case, the risk is, and continues to be, large. Overall, we find that the SARF's particular focus on the signaling function of risk information performs best as an organizational aid to study historical information rather than as a predictive tool for determining inappropriate risk management responses.
The Term Protein
Authors: Levene P. A. 
Published: October 2021

The article on "The Revolt of the Biochemists" by me published July 10th in SCIENCE contained the following statement: In 1860 the term "protein" was introduced by Mulder....
It should read: In 1839....
The author overlooked the error and is indebted to Professor Lafayette B. Mendel for having called his attention to it.
Salt‐Sensitive Hypertension, Renal Injury, and Renal Vasodysfunction Associated With Dahl Salt‐Sensitive Rats Are Abolished in Consomic SS.BN1 Rats
Authors: Potter Jacqueline C. , Whiles Shannon A. , Miles Conor B. , Whiles Jenna B. , Mitchell Mark A. , Biederman Brianna E. , Dawoud Febronia M. , Breuel Kevin F. , Williamson Geoffrey A. , Picken Maria M. , Polichnowski Aaron J. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Abnormal renal hemodynamic responses to salt‐loading are thought to contribute to salt‐sensitive (SS) hypertension. However, this is based largely on studies in anesthetized animals, and little data are available in conscious SS and salt‐resistant rats.

Methods and Results
We assessed arterial blood pressure, renal function, and renal blood flow during administration of a 0.4% NaCl and a high‐salt (4.0% NaCl) diet in conscious, chronically instrumented 10‐ to 14‐week‐old Dahl SS and consomic SS rats in which chromosome 1 from the salt‐resistant Brown‐Norway strain was introgressed into the genome of the SS strain (SS.BN1). Three weeks of high salt intake significantly increased blood pressure (20%) and exacerbated renal injury in SS rats. In contrast, the increase in blood pressure (5%) was similarly attenuated in Brown‐Norway and SS.BN1 rats, and both strains were completely protected against renal injury. In SS.BN1 rats, 1 week of high salt intake was associated with a significant decrease in renal vascular resistance (−8%) and increase in renal blood flow (15%). In contrast, renal vascular resistance failed to decrease, and renal blood flow remained unchanged in SS rats during high salt intake. Finally, urinary sodium excretion and glomerular filtration rate were similar between SS and SS.BN1 rats during 0.4% NaCl and high salt intake.

Conclusions
Our data support the concept that renal vasodysfunction contributes to blood pressure salt sensitivity in Dahl SS rats, and that genes on rat chromosome 1 play a major role in modulating renal hemodynamic responses to salt loading and salt‐induced hypertension.