bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Equals Public
Authors: van Kalken Lianne , Stamhuis Evert 
Published: February 2021

Digital Equals Public: Assembly Meetings Under a Lockdown Regime
In this article we examine the Dutch emergency legislation for local democracy. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands, the Temporary Act for digital meetings for local/regional government tiers was enacted. The legislature introduced a system of digital debate and decision-making for municipal and provincial councils, the democratically elected assemblies at the local and regional levels. At the same time the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations set up an evaluation committee to monitor and evaluate the working of the local and provincial governments with this temporary legislation.This article discusses the content and application of the temporary provisions for deliberation and decision-making on a digital platform. The purpose of the legislation is to create possibilities for the elected representatives to continue their work during the lockdown. We examine the design and structure of the legislation and disclose the evaluation results so far. The arrangements aim for secure, transparent and reliable democratic practices. Early evidence pertaining to the effects of the Act show that it works effectively only up to a certain level. We critically discuss the sunset clause in the Act and plead against function creep. Moreover, the expectations now and in the future from continuous digitalization of this part of the democratic process should be modest. On the basis of our analysis of the characteristics of the legislation and the effects on the political work of the representatives, we conclude that the current form of digitalization does not provide for the interaction between representatives and their constituencies and the communities at large.
Emergency Measures in Response to the Coronavirus Crisis and Parliamentary Oversight in the EU Member States
Authors: Diaz Crego Maria , Kotanidis Silvia 
Published: February 2021

Emergency Measures in Response to the Coronavirus Crisis and Parliamentary Oversight in the EU Member States
The Covid-19 pandemic has become a true stress test for the legal systems of the worst hit countries. Faced with a health crisis situation, many national governments have become the protagonists in the adoption of difficult measures severely restricting their citizens fundamental rights to the detriment of the powers usually entrusted to the national parliaments. This article examines the normative response of the 27 European Union Member States during the “first wave” of the Covid-19 pandemic, a period that runs from the declaration of a pandemic (March 2020) to mid-June 2020. The intention of the authors was to describe the legal and constitutional mechanisms activated in order to contain the pandemic, focusing on the role of national parliaments in the management of the crisis. This article explores also the degree to which national parliaments have been involved and could exercise parliamentary oversight over the normative measures used by the executive to contain the pandemic in the EU-27.
Covid-19 Emergency Prison Release Policy: A Public Health Imperative and a Rule of Law Challenge
Authors: Jennett Victoria 
Published: February 2021

Covid-19 Emergency Prison Release Policy: A Public Health Imperative and a Rule of Law Challenge
Many countries are implementing emergency releases of people from prison to mitigate the spread of Covid-19. Such measures, while critical to public health, can enable the unjust release from prison of politically connected and wealthy individuals convicted of corruption offences, thereby undermining the rule of law and democratic values by weakening public trust in the justice system. To reduce overcrowding of prisons while ensuring that white-collar criminals are appropriately sanctioned, one strategy is to impose alternatives to custodial sentences that ensure appropriate sanctioning of convicted criminals while de-densifying prisons – an approach that could be considered for non-emergency times as well.Main points: Emergency prison release mechanisms to prevent the spread of Covid-19 can pose corruption risks owing to weak design, uneven implementation and inadequate oversight. Such releases take three main forms: prisoner amnesties declared by governments; emergency release procedures drafted by governments and implemented by prison directors; and court decisions to release individual prisoners or set out frameworks to determine who is eligible for release. These emergency procedures can enable the unjust release of politically connected prisoners convicted of corruption offences and undermine public trust in the rule of law and the justice system. To help maintain rule of law during the emergency, alternatives to custodial sentences in line with international standards can be imposed on newly released persons who have been convicted of corruption crimes. Conditions attached to releases can include, among others, status penalties, economic sanctions and monetary penalties, confiscation or expropriation of assets, and restitution or compensation to victims. In non-emergency times, as well, alternatives to custodial sentences can be used to sanction those convicted of corruption crimes as a means to mitigate financial and social damage caused by corruption and reduce prison overcrowding.
Increased Uptake of Surveillance Technologies During COVID-19
Authors: Read Alex 
Published: February 2021

Increased Uptake of Surveillance Technologies During COVID-19: Implications for Democracies in the Global South
Social change and introduction of new technologies have historically followed crises such as pandemics, and COVID-19 has seen increasing public tracking through the use of digital surveillance technology. While surveillance technology is a key tool for enhancing virus preparedness and reducing societal risks, the speed of uptake is likely to raise ethical questions where citizens are monitored and personal data is collected. COVID-19 has occurred during a period of democratic decline, and the predominant surveillance-based business model of the ‘platform economy’, together with the development and export of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered surveillance tools, carries particular risks for democratic development in the countries of the Global South. Increased use of surveillance technology has implications for human rights and can undermine the individual privacy required for democracies to flourish. Responses to these threats must come from new regulatory regimes and innovations within democracies and a renewed international approach to the threats across democracies of the Global North and South.
Patience, Ladies
Authors: Palmieri Sonia , Childs Sarah 
Published: February 2021

Patience, Ladies: Gender-Sensitive Parliamentary Responses in a Time of Crisis
In early 2020, in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, numerous parliaments played their rightful democratic role by following the advice of health and economic experts and swiftly passing emergency legislation and relief packages. This was, in many countries, an attempt to reach an equilibrium between saving lives and saving economic livelihoods, on the understanding that both were in serious jeopardy. In the face of public health measures many parliaments also found themselves having to reform their own rules, procedures and practices. In both cases – policy interventions and institutional redesign – it appears that parliamentary responses to the Covid-19 situation were less commonly based on the advice of gender experts or informed by considerations of gender inequalities. Few, if any, emergency packages were designed following a systematic consideration of existing, deeply entrenched gender inequalities, despite continuous public analysis and commentary about the disproportionate gender impacts of the pandemic and the resulting lockdowns; and no parliaments instituted (temporary) rule changes that prioritized the voices of women parliamentarians or constituents. In this article, which draws on our work drafting the UN Women Covid-19 Parliamentary Primer & Checklist, we revisit the democratic case for gender-sensitive parliaments, highlighting their particular relevance to the 2020 pandemic. We introduce our model for gender-sensitive crisis responses across four key stages of the parliamentary process presented in the Primer – representation, deliberation, legislation and scrutiny – and offer an initial assessment of what transpired in the world’s parliaments based on an IPU survey. We suggest that if parliaments are to be gender-sensitive institutions in times of crisis, they must not only change how they do politics but also develop and sustain a robust political culture that values gender equality and an ethic of caring that supports new rules, procedures and practices that better redress institutional gender deficiencies.
Electrochemical oxidation and electroanalysis of paracetamol on a boron-doped diamond anode material in aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Kouadio Kouakou Etienne , Kambiré Ollo , Koffi Konan Sylvestre , Ouattara Lassine 
Published: February 2021

Electrochemical oxidation of paracetamol on boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and preparative electrolysis. Quantification of paracetamol during electrolysis has been mainly realized by differential pulse voltammetry technique in the Britton-Robinson buffer solutions used as the supporting electrolyte. Various parameters such as current intensity, nature of the supporting electrolyte, temperature, and initial concentration of paracetamol have been investigated. The electrochemical characterization by the outer sphere Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple has also been performed, showing the metallic character of BDD electrode. The obtained linear dependency of the oxidation peak current intensity and paracetamol concentration indicates that BDD electrode can be used as an electrochemical sensor for the detection and quantification of paracetamol. The investi­gation of paracetamol degradation during preparative electrolysis showed that: (i) the degradation rate of paracetamol increases with increase of current intensity applied; (ii) for the initial concentrations of 10, 6 and 1 mM of paracetamol, its oxidation rate reaches 60, 78 and 99 % respectively, after 1 h of electrolysis in 0.3 M H2SO4 (pH 0.6) at applied current density of 70 mA cm-2; (iii) at temperatures of electrolyte solution of 28, 55 and 75 °C, paracetamol oxidation rate reached 85, 92 and 97 % respectively, after 2 h at applied current density of 70 mA cm2. From the investigation of the effect of pH value of electrolyte solution, it appears that oxidation of paracetamol is more favorable in acidic solution at pH 3 than solutions of higher pH values.
De la « douleur totale » à la souffrance existentielle
Authors: Doucet Hubert 
Published: February 2021

La question de la sédation dite terminale pour cause de souffrance existentielle
soulève de nombreux débats dans les milieux palliatifs. Pour éclairer ce débat, j’ai cherché
à dégager l’orientation de ces discussions et à discerner ce qu’ils nous apprennent sur le
rapport de la médecine à la souffrance des personnes en fin de vie. Ainsi, je me suis
d’abord intéressé au vocabulaire. Par la suite, j’ai analysé le concept de douleur totale
qu’avait élaboré Cicely Saunders, la fondatrice des soins palliatifs. Puis je me suis penché
sur les raisons pour lesquelles ce concept ne semble plus répondre aux besoins
actuels. Enfin, je propose quelques orientations de travail pour faire de la souffrance
existentielle le coeur des soins de fin de vie.
De interjecciones, onomatopeyas y paralingüismo en <i>La Celestina</i>
Authors: Torres Álvarez María Dolores 
Published: February 2021

Diversos estudios sobre La Celestina han señalado una relación directa entre su tipología textual y la forma de transmisión de la misma dando a entender que ello respondería a que, en la época, la difusión de la obra se llevaría esencialmente a cabo a través de la lectura dramatizada en público. Por este motivo, se han buscando en el texto aquellos elementos expresivos que con más frecuencia se vinculan al uso oral de la lengua. Concretamente, se ha sistematizado la presencia de las interjecciones propias por considerar que son signos espontáneos y, por tanto, exponentes inmediatos de estados anímicos o situacionales que facilitan un eficaz acercamiento al receptor. Se dedica un espacio privilegiado a la onomatopeya «tha» por considerar que su presencia aclararía algo más sobre la lectura dramatizada de la obra.
La recepción de la <i>Celestina</i> en Alemania: su primera adaptación teatral (Richard Zoozmann, 1905)
Authors: Carmona Ruiz Fernando 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo presenta la adaptación teatral que Richard Zoozmann hizo de la Celestina en 1905. Para ello se esboza una semblanza biográfica y se recapitulan los testimonios celestinistas más relevantes de la crítica literaria alemana del s. XIX. Este último aspecto explica mejor los porqués de la adaptación zoozmanniana, en especial sus modificaciones y adiciones. Con el objetivo de dar a conocer mejor dicha adaptación y poder establecer paralelismos con futuras versiones teatrales, se resume la trama de Die Celestine y se resalta su fidelidad al texto rojano, sus cambios y fuentes. El resultado es una adaptación neorromántica en la que se elimina todo aspecto atrevido que soliviantara la moral y costumbres de su época. De este modo, Zoozmann adultera la versión original castellana al configurarla con un patrón shakesperiano, en el que las semejanzas con Romeo y Julieta son evidentes. Por último, se narra el escaso eco de su fortuna, que pudo haber sido mayor si Richard Strauss hubiera hecho una ópera a partir de esta adaptación.
La amistad, el remedio de la Fortuna en<i> La Celestina</i>
Authors: Gil-Oslé Juan P. 
Published: February 2021

La amistad es un tema al que no se le ha prestado atención en la crítica celestinesca. Este estudio muestra la importancia del concepto de amicitia en el conjunto de la Tragicomedia. Desde el «autor» que aconseja a su amigo-lector-mecenas que se aparte de las trampas del amor, hasta el planto de Pleberio, La Celestina rebosa de conceptos y dichos sobre la amistad provenientes de fuentes clásicas y renacentistas. La relación que se establece entre los cambios de fortuna y la elección correcta de los amigos queda patente tanto por la existencia de amicitia vera en las motivaciones del «autor», como, sobre todo, por su carencia en los corazones de los personajes. El concepto renacentista de la amistad como instrumento que mejora la calidad de vida de los individuos de una sociedad es fundamental para la comprensión cabal de la obra.
Fernando de Rojas: el lector desvelado (en su caligrafía). De nuevo sobre el «Inventario» de sus libros
Authors: Infantes Víctor 
Published: February 2021

Partiendo de un trabajo publicado en 1998 (Bulletin Hispanique, 100, 2 (1998), pp. 7-51), se ofrece una revisión sobre algunos aspectos de los documentos que recogen el «Testamento» y el «Inventario» de los libros de Fernando de Rojas; asimismo se ofrece la identificación de un ejemplar proveniente de su biblioteca personal, que presenta anotaciones marginales manuscritas de lectura y que muy probablemente pertenezcan al escritor.
La historia y la sociedad urbana en la lectura de <i>La Celestina</i>
Authors: Asenjo González María 
Published: February 2021

La lectura de La Celestina nos permite explorar el mundo urbano de la segunda mitad del siglo XV. Un periodo en el que las ciudades castellanas mostraban una gran vitalidad y el dinamismo asociado al crecimiento económico que vivía todo el reino. La obra de Fernando de Rojas se atuvo a un marco de supuesta realidad urbana, que necesariamente reflejaría aspectos de su experiencia vital e intelectual. Además, los asuntos tratados en la obra refieren casuísticas que, desde el encuadre espacial y social hasta las conexiones más sutiles, sintonizaban con el modelo humanístico y los valores de la política universitaria identificada con la defensa de las «clases medias», según el modelo ristotélico. Asombrosamente, la fuerza del mensaje universal y perenne de la obra se hace compatible con la actualidad de algunos asuntos de la trama.
<i>La Celestina</i> en escenarios argentinos: observaciones comparatistas sobre las adaptaciones de Jorge Goldenberg (1993) y Daniel Suárez Marzal (2007)
Authors: Dubatti Jorge 
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo de teatro comparado propone el análisis de La Celestina a partir de las relaciones entre Teatro Argentino Contemporáneo y Teatro Medieval. La indagación central consiste en cómo la reescritura dramática introduce cambios en los textos medievales para su representación fuera de sus contextos originales, en Buenos Aires, en los siglos XX-XXI, desde nuevas concepciones de las poéticas teatrales y tomando en cuenta que La Celestina forma parte del canon escolar de la educación oficial en la Argentina. Primero se realizan observaciones sobre La Celestina adaptada para la puesta en escena por el director Daniel Suárez Marzal (2007, Complejo Teatral de Buenos Aires, Teatro Regio); luego, se concreta el análisis comparativo (aspectos de la estructura narrativa y el nivel textual) con otra reescritura a cargo del dramaturgo Jorge Goldenberg (1993, Teatro Municipal San Martín).
Las políticas de la amistad en <i>La Celestina</i>: el caso de Pármeno
Authors: Bernaschina Rivera Vicente 
Published: February 2021

Mediante el estudio del caso de Pármeno, el presente artículo observa la centralidad que tiene el tema de la amistad en La Celestina en cuanto medio y fin para romper y generar relaciones sociales de subordinación. Analizando las ideas sobre la amistad de este personaje que se desprenden principalmente de sus debates con Celestina —pero también en contraste con los perosnajes de Calisto, Sempronio y Areúsa— este artículo establece cómo la amistad dentro de La Celestina se tematiza en cuanto institución ético-política en disputa y de cuya dilucidación racional y juiciosa depende el orden y el destino de la sociedad.
Open-source data management system for Parkinson’s disease follow-up
Authors: Folador João Paulo , Vieira Marcus Fraga , Pereira Adriano Alves , Andrade Adriano de Oliveira 
Published: February 2021

Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition of the central nervous system that causes motor and non-motor dysfunctions. The disease affects 1% of the world population over 60 years and remains cureless. Knowledge and monitoring of PD are essential to provide better living conditions for patients. Thus, diagnostic exams and monitoring of the disease can generate a large amount of data from a given patient. This study proposes the development and usability evaluation of an integrated system, which can be used in clinical and research settings to manage biomedical data collected from PD patients.

Methods
A system, so-called Sistema Integrado de Dados Biomédicos (SIDABI) (Integrated Biomedical Data System), was designed following the model-view-controller (MVC) standard. A modularized architecture was created in which all the other modules are connected to a central security module. Thirty-six examiners evaluated the system usability through the System Usability Scale (SUS). The agreement between examiners was measured by Kendall’s coefficient with a significance level of 1%.

Results
The free and open-source web-based system was implemented using modularized and responsive methods to adapt the system features on multiple platforms. The mean SUS score was 82.99 ± 13.97 points. The overall agreement was 70.2%, as measured by Kendall’s coefficient (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
According to the SUS scores, the developed system has good usability. The system proposed here can help researchers to organize and share information, avoiding data loss and fragmentation. Furthermore, it can help in the follow-up of PD patients, in the training of professionals involved in the treatment of the disorder, and in studies that aim to find hidden correlations in data.
Combining Housing Price Forecasts Generated Separately by Hedonic and Artificial Neural Network Models
Authors: Terregrossa Salvatore Joseph , Ibadi Mohammed Hussein 
Published: February 2021

Aims: A) To enhance accuracy in forecasting housing unit prices by forming combinations of component forecasts generated separately by hedonic and artificial neural network models; B) To help ascertain whether a constrained or unconstrained linear combining model achieves superior forecasting performance.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Business Administration, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul 34295, Turkey; from 2019 to 2020.
Study Design: A cross sectional data set of housing unit prices and corresponding housing unit attributes and characteristics is formed and then randomly divided into two segments: in sample (80%) and out of sample (20%). Three different methods (hedonic, artificial neural network and combining) are then employed to process the same in sample data set, and generate out of sample forecasts. The three forecasting methods are then tested and compared.
Methodology: Out of sample combination forecasts are formed with component forecast weights generated by in sample weighted least squares (WLS) regression of realized price against in sample component forecasts. Four types of regressions are run: unconstrained, with and without a constant; constrained, with and without a constant. Then the mean absolute forecast error of each forecasting method is calculated and the mean difference in absolute forecast error between all pairs of models are compared and tested with a nonparametric Wilcoxon sign rank test.
Results: The combining model formed with component forecast weights generated by weighted least squares (WLS) regression with the constant term suppressed and the sum-of-the-coefficients constrained to equal one, generally performs the best, in comparison with all other forecasting models (component and combination) examined in the study.
Conclusion: The findings represent further evidence regarding the benefits of applying constraints on the linear combining forecast model; and demonstrate that a constrained linear combining model can be a successful technique for enhancing the forecast accuracy of housing unit prices.