bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus infections of the central nervous system after organ transplantation
Authors: Ridha Mohamed , Jones Dylan G. , Lerner David P. , Vytopil Michal , Voetsch Barbara , Burns Joseph D. , Ramineni Anil , Raibagkar Pooja 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related neurologic complications have a diverse presentation in transplant recipients, creating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. In this case series, we report unique manifestations of EBV related neurologic complications following solid organ transplant and highlight pitfalls in management.

Case presentations
A retrospective search of the electronic medical record of all patients from January 2015 to December 2020 who underwent solid organ transplantation and had central nervous system complications as determined by ICD-10 codes were included. Three patients with unique manifestation of EBV-related neurologic complications after liver transplantation were identified. The first was a 52-year-old man with a live-donor liver transplant 11 years prior for Budd-Chiari syndrome presented with several weeks of headache and several lesions on brain MRI; he was diagnosed with primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. The second patient was a 63-year-old man with a deceased-donor liver transplant 16 years prior for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and was found to have a stroke; he was diagnosed with EBV encephalitis. The final patient was a 75-year-old woman with a deceased-donor liver transplant six years prior for primary biliary cirrhosis who presented with four months of gait instability; she was diagnosed with EBV myelitis. A review of the literature was performed to supplement description of the different diseases.

Conclusions
EBV-related central nervous infection in post-transplant patients can manifest in a variety of neurologic syndromes, which can be challenging to diagnose. Careful correlation of clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings and a high index of suspicion are crucial in identification and appropriate management.
Dexamethasone and tocilizumab treatment considerably reduces the value of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin to detect secondary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kooistra Emma J. , van Berkel Miranda , van Kempen Noortje F. , van Latum Celine R. M. , Bruse Niklas , Frenzel Tim , van den Berg Maarten J. W. , Schouten Jeroen A. , Kox Matthijs , Pickkers Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were previously shown to have value for the detection of secondary infections in critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, since the introduction of immunomodulatory therapy, the value of these biomarkers is unclear. We investigated PCT and CRP kinetics in critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with dexamethasone with or without tocilizumab, and assessed the value of these biomarkers to detect secondary bacterial infections.MethodsIn this prospective study, 190 critically ill COVID-19 patients were divided into three treatment groups:no dexamethasone, no tocilizumab (D−T−),dexamethasone, no tocilizumab (D+T−), anddexamethasone and tocilizumab (D+T+). Serial data of PCT and CRP were aligned on the last day of dexamethasone treatment, and kinetics of these biomarkers were analyzed between 6 days prior to cessation of dexamethasone and 10 days afterwards. Furthermore, the D+T− and D+T+ groups were subdivided into secondary infection and no-secondary infection groups to analyze differences in PCT and CRP kinetics and calculate detection accuracy of these biomarkers for the occurrence of a secondary infection.ResultsFollowing cessation of dexamethasone, there was a rebound in PCT and CRP levels, most pronounced in the D+T− group. Upon occurrence of a secondary infection, no significant increase in PCT and CRP levels was observed in the D+T− group (p = 0.052 andp = 0.08, respectively). Although PCT levels increased significantly in patients of the D+T+ group who developed a secondary infection (p = 0.0003), this rise was only apparent from day 2 post-infection onwards. CRP levels remained suppressed in the D+T+ group. Receiver operating curve analysis of PCT and CRP levels yielded area under the curves of 0.52 and 0.55, respectively, which are both markedly lower than those found in the group of COVID-19 patients not treated with immunomodulatory drugs (0.80 and 0.76, respectively, withpvalues for differences between groups of 0.001 and 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsCessation of dexamethasone in critically ill COVID-19 patients results in a rebound increase in PCT and CRP levels unrelated to the occurrence of secondary bacterial infections. Furthermore, immunomodulatory treatment with dexamethasone and tocilizumabconsiderably reducesthe value of PCT and CRP for detection of secondary infections in COVID-19 patients.
Comparing syngeneic and autochthonous models of breast cancer to identify tumor immune components that correlate with response to immunotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Lal Jessica Castrillon , Townsend Madeline G. , Mehta Anita K. , Oliwa Madisson , Miller Eric , Sotayo Alaba , Cheney Emily , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Letai Anthony , Guerriero Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe heterogeneity of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) may contribute to the lack of durable responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB); however, mouse models to test this are currently lacking. Proper selection and use of preclinical models are necessary for rigorous, preclinical studies to rapidly move laboratory findings into the clinic.MethodsThree versions of a common syngeneic model derived from the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model were generated by inoculating 1E6, 1E5, or 1E4 cells derived from the MMTV-PyMT mouse into wildtype recipient mice. To elucidate how tumor latency and TME heterogeneity contribute to ICB resistance, comprehensive characterization of the TME using quantitative flow-cytometry and RNA expression analysis (NanoString) was performed. Subsequently, response to ICB was tested. These procedures were repeated using the EMT6 breast cancer model.ResultsThe 3 syngeneic versions of the MMTV-PyMT model had vastly different TMEs that correlated to ICB response. The number of cells used to generate syngeneic tumors significantly influenced tumor latency, infiltrating leukocyte populations, and response to ICB. These results were confirmed using the EMT6 breast cancer model. Compared to the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model, all 3 MMTV-PyMT syngeneic models had significantly more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs; CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and higher proportions of PD-L1-positive myeloid cells, whereas the MMTV-PyMT autochthonous model had the highest frequency of myeloid cells out of total leukocytes. Increased TILs correlated with response to anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy, but PD-L1expression on tumor cells or PD-1 expression of T cells did not.ConclusionsThese studies reveal that tumor cell number correlates with tumor latency, TME, and response to ICB. ICB-sensitive and resistant syngeneic breast cancer models were identified, in which the 1E4 syngeneic model was most resistant to ICB. Given the lack of benefit from ICB in breast cancer, identifying robust murine models presented here provides the opportunity to further interrogate the TME for breast cancer treatment and provide novel insights into therapeutic combinations to overcome ICB resistance.
Sudden onset dyspnea caused by Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia in an adult: a case report
Authors: Machado Contreras Luis Alfonso , Retamoso Díaz Stephanie Paola , Valencia Gerardo , Morales Luis Carlos , Herrera Bedoya María José 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia is a developmental defect of the posterolateral portion of the diaphragm. This defect may allow abdominal contents to abnormally occupy the thoracic cavity, resulting in most cases in the compression of the developing lungs. Signs are typically shown during early childhood since the defect is usually present during development. In exceptional cases, however, Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia can be observed in asymptomatic adult patients, or in those whose initial diagnosis may include common respiratory pathologies such as asthma.

Case presentation
Here we describe the case of a 31-year-old Mestizo female patient admitted to the emergency room owing to sudden onset of pain in the left hypochondrium and in epigastrium, as well as signs of respiratory distress. Soon after admission, the patient entered cardiorespiratory arrest, and advanced cardiac life support was provided for 45 minutes without success. The patient was declared dead 1 hour 40 minutes after admission. Clinical autopsy concluded that cause of death was respiratory failure as a complication of a previously undiagnosed Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia.

Conclusions
We report an exceptional case of Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia as the cause of rapid-onset respiratory failure and death in an adult. Unfortunately, due to its unusual presentation, Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia is rarely considered among the list of differential diagnoses when admitting an adult patient with respiratory symptoms. By reporting this case, we encourage the medical community and trainees to consider diaphragmatic defects when approaching a patient with sudden onset of abdominal pain with concomitant respiratory symptoms.
Clinical Outcomes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Other Targeted Therapies Based on Tumor Versus Plasma Genomic Profiling
Authors: Tran Hai T. , Lam Vincent K. , Elamin Yasir Y. , Hong Lingzhi , Colen Rivka , Elshafeey Nabil A. , Hassan Islam S. A. , Altan Mehmet , Blumenschein George R. , Rinsurongkawong Waree , Rivera Melvin J. , Vasquez Mayra E. , Carter Brett W. , Byers Lauren E. , Tsao Anne S. , Gibbons Don L. , Fossella Frank , Glisson Bonnie S. , Zhang Jianjun , Heymach John V. 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE To compare clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with targetable genomic alterations detected using plasma-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or tumor-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays treated with US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies at a large academic research cancer center. METHODS A retrospective review from our MD Anderson GEMINI database identified 2,224 blood samples sent for ctDNA NGS testing from 1971 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of advanced NSCLC. Clinical, treatment, and outcome information were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 27% of the ctDNA tests identified at least one targetable mutation and 73% of targetable mutations were EGFR-sensitizing mutations. Among patients treated with first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies, there were no significant differences in progression-free survival of 379 days and 352 days ( P value = .41) with treatment based on tissue (n = 40) or ctDNA (n = 40), respectively. Additionally, there were no differences in progression-free survival or objective response rate among those with low (n = 8, 0.01%-0.99%) versus high (n = 16, ≥ 1%) levels of ctDNA of the targetable mutation as measured by variant allele frequency (VAF). Overall, there was excellent testing concordance (n = 217 tests) of > 97%, sensitivity of 91.7%, and specificity of 99.7% between blood-based ctDNA NGS and tissue-based NGS assays. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes among patients treated with approved EGFR-TKIs whose mutations were identified using either tumor- or plasma-based comprehensive profiling and those with very low VAF as compared with high VAF, supporting the use of plasma-based profiling to guide initial TKI use in patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
Vector gap solitons in pseudo-Zeeman lattices
Authors: Li Huagang , Peng Xi , Shi Zhiwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Soliton complexes provide an effective way to study the interaction of solitons and the dynamics of nonlinear systems. Based on the realization of pseudo-Zeeman lattice in optics, the soliton components of the soliton complexes have different potential fields, and thus have different propagation characteristics. The interaction of the soliton components makes the soliton complexes exhibit novel and unique propagation characteristics, that is, passing through the lattice without reflection and the weak light controlling the strong light through the attraction between the components of the soliton complexes.
ZBTB20 is crucial for the specification of a subset of callosal projection neurons and astrocytes in the mammalian neocortex
Authors: Medeiros de Araújo Jéssica Alves , Barão Soraia , Mateos-White Isabel , Espinosa Ana , Costa Marcos Romualdo , Gil-Sanz Cristina , Müller Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Neocortical progenitor cells generate subtypes of excitatory projection neurons in sequential order followed by the generation of astrocytes. The transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 20 (ZBTB20) has been implicated in regulation of cell specification during neocortical development. Here, we show that ZBTB20 instructs the generation of a subset of callosal projections neurons in cortical layers II/III in mouse. Conditional deletion of Zbtb20 in cortical progenitors, and to a lesser degree in differentiating neurons, leads to an increase in the number of layer IV neurons at the expense of layer II/III neurons. Astrogliogenesis is also affected in the mutants with an increase in the number of a specific subset of astrocytes expressing GFAP. Astrogliogenesis is more severely disrupted by a ZBTB20 protein containing dominant mutations linked to Primrose syndrome, suggesting that ZBTB20 acts in concert with other ZBTB proteins that were also affected by the dominant-negative protein to instruct astrogliogenesis. Overall, our data suggest that ZBTB20 acts both in progenitors and in postmitotic cells to regulate cell fate specification in the mammalian neocortex.
The neuroblast timer gene nubbin exhibits functional redundancy with gap genes to regulate segment identity in Tribolium
Authors: Tidswell Olivia R. A. , Benton Matthew A. , Akam Michael 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The neuroblast timer genes hunchback, Krüppel, nubbin and castor are expressed in temporal sequence in neural stem cells, and in corresponding spatial sequence along the Drosophila blastoderm. As canonical gap genes, hunchback and Krüppel play a crucial role in insect segmentation, but the roles of nubbin and castor in this process remain ambiguous. We have investigated the expression and functions of nubbin and castor during segmentation in the beetle Tribolium. We show that Tc-hunchback, Tc-Krüppel, Tc-nubbin and Tc-castor are expressed sequentially in the segment addition zone, and that Tc-nubbin regulates segment identity redundantly with two previously described gap/gap-like genes, Tc-giant and Tc-knirps. Simultaneous knockdown of Tc-nubbin, Tc-giant and Tc-knirps results in the formation of ectopic legs on abdominal segments. This homeotic transformation is caused by loss of abdominal Hox gene expression, likely due to expanded Tc-Krüppel expression. Our findings support the theory that the neuroblast timer series was co-opted for use in insect segment patterning, and contribute to our growing understanding of the evolution and function of the gap gene network outside of Drosophila.
A general role for TANGO1, encoded by MIA3, in secretory pathway organization and function
Authors: McCaughey Janine , Stevenson Nicola L. , Mantell Judith M. , Neal Chris R. , Paterson Alex , Heesom Kate , Stephens David J. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Complex machinery is required to drive secretory cargo export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is an essential process in eukaryotic cells. In vertebrates, the MIA3 gene encodes two major forms of transport and Golgi organization protein 1 (TANGO1S and TANGO1L), which have previously been implicated in selective trafficking of procollagen. Using genome engineering of human cells, light microscopy, secretion assays, genomics and proteomics, we show that disruption of the longer form, TANGO1L, results in relatively minor defects in secretory pathway organization and function, including having limited impacts on procollagen secretion. In contrast, loss of both long and short forms results in major defects in cell organization and secretion. These include a failure to maintain the localization of ERGIC53 (also known as LMAN1) and SURF4 to the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment and dramatic changes to the ultrastructure of the ER–Golgi interface. Disruption of TANGO1 causes significant changes in early secretory pathway gene and protein expression, and impairs secretion not only of large proteins, but of all types of secretory cargo, including small soluble proteins. Our data support a general role for MIA3/TANGO1 in maintaining secretory pathway structure and function in vertebrate cells.
Phasen der Entwicklung des Abschnittes der Äusseren Stadtbefestigung zwischen Spalenvorstadt und Rhein
Authors: Helmig Guido , Ritzmann Hans 
Published: August 2021

Wir stehen erst am Anfang der Erforschung einer «Entwicklungsgeschichte der Basler Vorstädte», die allmählich aufgrund archäologischer Beobachtungen und historischer Quellenaufarbeitung die Dynamik des Wachstums der Stadt widerspiegelt. Noch sind die Ergebnisse der zwischen Innerer und Äusserer Stadtmauer getätigten archäologischen Sondierungen zu spärlich und zu wenig «flächendeckend», als dass bereits aufgrund dieser Aufschlüsse das Wachstum der Vorstädte - als solche werden die Quartiere ausserhalb der Inneren Ringmauer noch heute bezeichnet - deutlicher gefasst werden könnte.
Jedoch wird schon mit dem vorgestellten Inventar der Äusseren Stadtmauer deutlich, dass die Ausdehnung der Stadt nicht gleichförmig und linear vom Zentrum ausgehend erfolgte, sondern dass sich diese Stadtentwicklung nach verkehrsgeographischen, topographischen und politischen Gesichtspunkten vollzog.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, anhand von Beobachtungen an den Befestigungen und den daran angrenzenden Bauwerken den möglichen Ablauf der Entwicklung der mittelalterlichen Stadt zwischen Spalentor und Rhein näher zu beleuchten.
Leonhardsgraben 61. Untersuchung der Seitenfassade: Befunde zur Baugeschichte und zu den Stadtmauern
Authors: Reicke Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Anlässlich der Renovation der Fassaden am Leonhardsgraben 61 hatten die Mitarbeiter der Denkmalpflege im Sommer 1989 Gelegenheit, die östliche Seitenfassade zu untersuchen.
Der in die Augen springende Hauptbefund ist die Innere Stadtmauer, deren Querschnitt erfasst wurde. Zudem konnten Befunde zu mehreren Hausbauphasen dokumentiert werden.
Die Alte Landvogtei in Riehen
Authors: Richner Kaspar , Stegmüller Christian 
Published: August 2021

Im Winter 1989/1990 wurde die Alte Landvogtei in Rliehen umgebaut und teilweise neu unterkellert.
Unter einigen Umbauten aus dem 19. Jahrhundert kamen die Reste einer landwirtschaftlichen Anlage aud dem frühen 17. Jahhrundert zum Vorschein. Da sich in der Landvogtei, wie die alternative Bezeichnung «Zehntentrotte» und vielfache Erwähnungen in den Bauakten belegen, eine Trotte befunden hat, liegt der Schluss nahe, in diesem massiven Unterbau die Standfläche für eine hölzerne Trotte zu sehen. Zudem wurden unter einem Bretterboden noch Tresterreste (Traubenkerne und -stiele, z. T. ganze Rosinen) gefunden.
Von einem spätmittelalterlichen Vorgängerbau waren nur noch spärliche Überreste erhalten.
Erste Resultate der Renovierung der Kartäuserkirche in Kleinbasel
Authors: Helmig Guido , Reicke Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Die 1990 geplante Innenrenovierung der Kartäuserkirche in Kleinbasel erforderte nur geringe Eingriffe ins Erdreich; lediglich unter dem Lettner war eine geringfügige Absenkung des Fussbodens für die Verlegung einer Bodenheizung vorgesehen. Im eigentlichen Chor war eine umfassende Sanierung der verschmutzten Wände notwendig, das darunter liegende Mauerwerk wurde freigelegt und der vom Verputz entblösste Mauerstreifen fotografisch dokumentiert.
Die Ergebnisse der archäologischen und baugeschichtlichen Untersuchungen werden im vorliegenden Bericht vorgestellt.
Ein Längsschnitt durch die St. Johanns-Vorstadt
Authors: Richner Kaspar 
Published: August 2021

Die St. Johanns-Vorstadt wurde in den Jahren 1990 bis 1991 bei diversen Leitungsarbeiten auf ihrer ganzen Länge vom Totentanz bis zum St. Johanns-Tor aufgegraben.
Die Vorstadt ist im 13. Jahrhundert aus zwei Keimzellen gewachsen: aus der Ansiedlung der Dominikaner (oder Prediger) unmittelbar vor der Inneren Stadtmauer beim Totentanz und aus der Niederlassung der Johanniter am äusseren Ende der Vorstadt, die dem Quartier auch ihren Namen aufgeprägt haben.
Zur Kurtinenmauer des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. , Bing Christian 
Published: August 2021

Beim freigelegten Mauerstück handelte es sich um die innere Kurtinenmauer des im 17. Jahrhundert im Birsigtal neu angelegten Befestigungswalles. Das genaue Baudatum der Kurtine ist nicht bekannt; sie dürfte jedoch wie die aus der Stadtmauerflucht herausragenden Bastionen («Schanzen», z.B. die nahegelegene und heute noch teilweise erhaltene Steinenschanze) in den Jahren 1622-1628 errichtet worden sein.
Ein Steinbau aus dem 13. Jahrhundert in der Spalenvorstadt
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. , Bing Christian 
Published: August 2021

In der Hauptsache geht das abgebrochene Gebäude auf das 16. Jahrhundert zurück, die urkundliche Überlieferung erwähnt aber bereits für das späte 14. Jahrhundert ein Haus mit Scheunen auf dieser und der Nachbarparzelle. Reste dieser Gebäude wurden anlässlich der Untersuchungen von Denkmalpflege und Bodenforschung gefasst.
Darüber hinaus konnten ältere, aus historischen Quellen bisher nicht bekannte Gebäude definiert werden. Diese - ein kleines unterkellertes Steinhaus und ein dahinter errichtetes einfaches Holzhaus oder ein hölzerner Anbau - sind von Bedeutung, weil sie in die Frühzeit der Spalenvorstadt zurückgehen.
Petersgraben 5, 1992/40: Türme an der Inneren Stadtmauer?
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph. 
Published: August 2021

Ein kleiner Bodeneingriff erbrachte ausser neuen Aufschlüssen zu den beiden bekannten Stadtmauern am Petersgraben auch den Nachweis eines bisher unbekannten, wohl mit der Inneren Stadtmauer errichteten, massiv fundamentierten Mauerturms.
Ein anderer, schon vor längerem nachgewiesener halbrunder Anbau unmittelbar daneben auf der Grenze zum Nachbargebäude Petersgraben 3 - anfänglich als mittelalterlicher Schalenturm gedeutet - muss aus heutiger Sicht als Latrinenturm interpretiert werden.
Spätmittelalterliche Getreidefunde aus einer Brandschicht des Basler Rosshof-Areales (15. Jahrhundert AD)
Authors: Kühn Marlu , Jacomet Stefanie 
Published: August 2021

Aus einer Brandschicht des 15. Jahrhunderts vom Basler Rosshof-Areal, wo von 1983 bis 1986 eine Ausgrabung stattfand, wurden 17 an pflanzlichen Resten sehr reichhaltige Proben auf ihre Samen und Früchte hin untersucht.
Es wurden zahlreiche Erkenntnisse über die Ernährung der spätmittelalterlichen Bevölkerung Basels erarbeitet sowie Informationen über die Herkunft der Nahrungspflanzen und die Methoden, mit denen sie zur damaligen Zeit angebaut wurden, gewonnen.