bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some aspects of southwest monsoon as seen In satellite cloud imagery
Authors: MISHRA D. K. , GUPTA G.R. , PRASAD ONKARI , NATH TRIBHUWAN 
Published: December 2021

Satellite cloud imagery for the years 1978-79 and 1984-88 have been studied. Some aspects of southwest monsoon have been documented. It has been shown that, the cross-equatorial flow, its location and intensity, play an important role in the onset of southwest monsoon and its activity during the season. The southern hemispheric equatorial trough plays the role of regulating the cross-equatorial flow and thus leads to the development of different phases of southwest monsoon. The inverse relationship between the intensity of southern hemispheric equatorial trough and the monsoon activity can be used as a tool in foreshadowing dry and wet spells. The results presented in the paper are helpful in understanding the physical processes taking place in the monsoonal atmosphere.
Maximum ground level concentration Of air pollutant
Authors: MAYHOUB A. B. , EL-SHAL AZZA  O. , AZZAM A. 
Published: December 2021

The emission of an air pollutant from an elevated point source according to Gaussian plume model has been presented. Au. elementary theoretical treatment for both the highest possible ground-level concentration and the downwind distance at which this maximum occurs for different stability classes has been constructed. The effective height release modification was taken into consideration. An illustrative case study, namely, the emission from the research reactor in Inchas, has been studied.
The results of these analytical treatments and of the derived semi-empirical formulae are discussed and presented in few illustrative diagrams.
Interactions among deep convection, sea surface temperature and radiation in the Asian monsoon region
Authors: RAJEEVAN M. 
Published: December 2021

The climatic interactions among deep convection, sea surface temperature and radiation in the Asian monsoon region have been examined using various satellite-derived data sets of the period 1983-90. Annual average Frequency of Deep Convection (FDC) is maximum over the equatorial east Indian ocean and adjoining west Pacific and Indonesian region. Maximum FDC zone shifts to Bay of Bengal during the monsoon (June-September) season.

There is weak relationship between the variations in FDC and SST in the Indian ocean. Deep convective activity was suppressed over most of the tropical Indian ocean during El Nino of 1987 in spite of warmer SSTs. The pattern of inter-annual variation between FDC and SST behaves differently in the Indian ocean basin as compared to the Pacific ocean basin. Deep convective clouds interact with radiation very effectively in the Asian monsoon region to cause large net negative cloud radiative forcing. Variation in FDC explains more than 70% of the variation in surface short-wave cloud radiative forcing (SWCRF) and long wave cloud radiative forcing (LWCRF) in the atmosphere.

On inter-annual scale, warmer SSTs may not necessarily increase deep convection in the Indian ocean. However, the inter-annual variation of deep convective clouds influences significantly the radiative budget of the surface-atmosphere system in the Asian monsoon region. The satellite observations suggest that warmer SSTs in the Indian ocean might have resulted from an increase in the absorbed solar radiation at the surface due to a reduction in deep convective cloud cover.
Satellite estimated water vapour in relation to Asian monsoon Circulation
Authors: JOSHI P. C. , SIMON B. , THAPLIYAL P. K. 
Published: December 2021

Water vapour plays a crucial role in various exchange and transport processes in the atmosphere and its knowledge in the tropics is extremely important for input to various global circulation models. The vast oceans of earth's surface provide a large source of moisture and continuously modify the thermodynamics of the atmosphere through latent heat flux and condensational heating. In the tropics, especially in the Indian ocean the water vapour is highly heterogeneousin nature, and is one of the parameters which is responsible for cloud formation, associated with tropical systems like monsoon flows, depression, cyclones etc. The present paper reviews the various information’s available from deferent geostationary and polar orbiting satellites about water vapour affecting the southwest monsoon region around the Indian Ocean and Indian subcontinent.

The temperature and moisture data from TIROS operational vertical sounder (TOVS) and INSAT-2E water vapour channel are examined to study water vapour distribution. Their usefulness in characterizing the Asian south-west (SW) monsoon circulation is focused. The Western Indian ocean showed an increase in mid-tropospheric moisture (700-500hPa) over about 8 to 10 days prior to the onset over Kerala coast. NOAA/TOVS layer tmperature and humidity is used to extrapolate the humidity profile at standard pressure levels. It is also used to compute latent and sensible heat flux. Total integrated water vapour from SSM/I is also used for estimating latent heat fluxes and for the diagnostics of NWP models. Recently, INSAT-2E water vapour channel was used to monitor the monsoon circiulation features. The new WV channel brought out clearly the feeding of various air masses, especially water vapour associated with monsoon onset and monsoon lows.
Prediction of terrestrial and extraterrestrial parameters by modelling and extrapolating their natural regularities
Authors: SINGH NITYANAND , PATWARDHAN S. K. 
Published: December 2021

Extrapolation of dominant modes of fluctuations after fitting suitable mathematical function to the observed long period time series is one of the approaches to long-term weather or short-term climate prediction. Experiences suggest that reliable predictions can be made from such approaches provided the time series being modeled possesses adequate regularity. Choice of the suitable function is also an important task of the time series modelling-extrapolation-prediction, or TS-MEP, process. Perhaps equally important component of this method is the development of effective filtering module. The filtering mechanism should be such that it effectively suppresses the high frequency, or unpredictable, variations and carves out the low frequency mode, or predictable, variation of the given series. By incorporating a possible solution to these propositions a new TS-MEP method has been developed in this paper. A Variable Harmonic Analysis (VHA) has been developed to decompose the time series into sine and cosine waveforms for any desired wavelength resolution within the data length (or fundamental period). In the Classical Harmonic Analysis (CHA) the wavelength is strictly an integer multiple of the fundamental period. For smoothing the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) has been applied. The SSA provides the mechanism to decompose the series into certain number of principal components (PCs) and then recombine the first few PCs, representing the dominant modes of variation, to get the smoothed version of the actual series.

Twenty-four time series of terrestrial and extraterrestrial parameters, which visibly show strong regularity, are considered in the study. They can be broadly grouped into five categories: (i) inter-annual series of number of storms/depressions over the Indian region, seasonal and annual mean northern hemisphere land-area surface air temperature and the annual mean sunspot number (chosen cases of long term/short term trends or oscillation); (ii) monthly sequence of zonal wind at 50- hPa, 30-hPa levels over Balboa (representative of quasi-biennial oscillation); (iii) monthly sequence of surface air temperature (SAT) over the India region (strongly dominated by seasonality); (iv) monthly sequence of sea surface temperature (SST) of tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans (aperiodic oscillations related to El Nino/La Nina); and (v) sequence of monthly sea level pressure (SLP) of selected places over ENSO region (seasonality and oscillation). Best predictions are obtained for the SLP followed by SAT and SST due to strong domination of seasonality and/or aperiodic oscillations. The predictions are found satisfactory for the lower stratospheric zonal wind over Balboa, which displays quasi-periodic oscillations. Because of a steep declining trend a reliable prediction of number of storms/depressions over India is possible by the method. Prediction of northern hemisphere surface air temperature anomaly is not found satisfactory.
Seasonal predictability of the Indian Summer Monsoon : What role do land surface conditions play?
Authors: BECKER B. D. , SLINGO J. M. , FERRANTI L. , MOLTENI F. 
Published: December 2021

Anomalous springtime snow amounts over Eurasia may provide long term memory to the climate system by affecting the land surface energy and moisture budgets. In turn the anomalous land surface conditions introduced by snow anomalies may influence monsoon variability. In this paper, results from a programme of seasonal forecast ensembles are used to address, specifically, the influence of western Eurasian land surface conditions on the variability and hence predictability of the Indian summer monsoon. The factors that are important for establishing spring time land surface conditions over western Eurasia, particularly snow amounts are also investigated.

The results have shown that high snow amounts over western Eurasia are linked to La Nina, suggesting that the El-Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has an influence on the wintertime climate of Eurasia. The signature of these snow depth anomalies is carried through to the summer in terms of changes in soil wetness and surface temperature. An ensemble of summer integrations with climatological sea surface temperature (SST) has been used to investigate the impact of these anomalous land surface conditions on monsoon variability. The results have shown that the monsoon circulation is substantially weakened in association with above normal snow amounts over western Eurasia, whilst All India Rainfall is slightly increased. Results from a parallel ensemble with observed SSTs show an opposite response in All India Rainfall, suggesting that the forcing by SST anomalies is potentially dominating the monsoon's inter-annual variability.

The results have demonstrated that land surface conditions can have a significant impact on the large scale monsoon circulation and to a lesser extent on Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall, although the mechanisms involved have yet to be identified. It is suggested that interactions between the mid-latitude circulation and the monsoon may hold the key to understanding the link between Eurasian land surface conditions and monsoon variability. If that is the case then predictability of this relationship is likely to be limited, due to the high level of internal variability of the mid-latitude circulation.
Climate change impact : Regional scenario
Authors: DE U. S. 
Published: December 2021

Climate change and global warming are going to be the major issues for the 21st century. Their impacts on agriculture, water availability and other natural resources are of serious concern. The paper briefly summarizes the existing information on global warming, past climatic anomalies and occurrence of extreme events vis-a-vis their impact on south Asia in general and Indian in particular. Use of GCM models in conjunction with crop simulation models for impact assessment in agriculture are briefly touched upon. The impact on hydrosphere in terms of water availability and on the forests in India are also discussed. A major shift in our policy makers paradigm is needed to make development sustainable in the face of climate change, global warming and sea level rise.
Regional climate changes due to double CO2 simulation by CCM3
Authors: PAL P. K. , THAPLIYAL P. K. , DWAVEDI A. K. 
Published: December 2021

An equilibrium experiment has been conducted with CCM3 climate model in which the amount of CO2 in the model atmosphere is doubled and the differences in resulting climate has been examined. The results show that there is an overall decrease in outgoing longwave radiation indicating the possible increase in cloudiness. The total rainfall may not change significantly but the temporal and spatial distributions over India are likely to change as observed in past long term trends.
Regional aspects of global climate change simulations : Validation and assessment of climate response over Indian monsoon region to transient increase of greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols
Authors: KUMAR K. RUPA , ASHRIT R. G. 
Published: December 2021

The regional climatic impacts associated with global climatic change and their assessment are very important since agriculture, water resources, ecology etc., are all vulnerable to climatic changes on regional scale. Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations provide a range of scenarios, which can be used, for the assessment of impacts and development of adaptive or mitigative strategies. Validation of the models against the observations and establishing the sensitivity to climate change forcing are essential before the model projections are used for assessment of possible impacts. Moreover model simulated climate projections are often of coarse resolution while the models used for impact assessment, (e.g. crop simulation models, or river runoff models etc.) operate on a higher spatial resolution. This spatial mismatch can be overcome by adopting an appropriate strategy of downscaling the GCM output.

This study examines two AOGCM (ECHAM4/OPYC3 and HadCM2) climate change simulations for their performance in the simulation of monsoon climate over India and the sensitivity of the simulated monsoon climate to transient changes in the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols. The results show that the two models simulate the gross features of climate over India reasonably well. However the inter-model differences in simulation of mean characteristics, sensitivity to forcing and in the simulation of climate change suggest need for caution. Further an empirical downscaling approach in used to assess the possibility of using GCM projections for preparation of regional climate change scenario for India.
Momentum flux, energy flux and pressure drag associated with mountain wave across western ghat
Authors: DUTTA SOMENATH 
Published: December 2021

An attempt has been made to parameterize the wave momentum flux wave energy flux and pressure drag associated with mountain wave across the Mumbai-Pune section of western ghat mountain in India.

A two dimensional frictionless, adiabatic, hydrostatic, Boussinesq flow with constant basic flow (U) and constant Brunt Vaisala frequency (N) across a mesoscale mountain with infinite extension in the Cross wind direction, has been considered here.

It has been shown that for a vertically propagating (or decaying) waves the wave momentum flux is downward (or upward) and the wave energy flux is upward (or downward). It has also been shown that both the fluxes are independent of the half width of the bell shaped part of the western ghat. The analytically derived formula have been used to compute the pressure drag and to find out the vertical profile of wave momentum flux and wave energy flux for different cases of mountain wave across western ghat, as reported by earlier workers.
Total ozone potential vorticity and tropopause pressure : A comparative Analysis over south-east Asia
Authors: BEGUM D. A. 
Published: December 2021

On the basis of TOMS data, a comparative analysis of total ozone. potential vorticity and tropopause pressure has been done over the area 20°- 50° N, 90° -160° E (south-east Asia) for a period October 1982 to September, 1983. The study has been done for three different latitude bands 20°-30° N, 30°-40° N and 400-50° N. High correlations have been found near the tropopause level at all seasons except in autumn.
Effect of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Timing on Rotator Cuff Repair Revisions and Capsulitis
Authors: Stillson Quinn A. , Sun John Q. , Maninang Michael , Maassen Nicholas H. , Strelzow Jason A. , Shi Lewis L. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
One variable that could potentially affect failure of a rotator cuff repair (RCR) is the timing of beginning physical therapy (PT) after the procedure. Although many studies have demonstrated decreased stiffness with beginning PT early, studies have also demonstrated that early PT increases repair failure. The goal of this study was to identify revision surgery and capsulitis rates after RCRs from an available database and determine whether an association was present with the timing of PT post-RCR.

Methods:
Medicare patients within the PearlDiver database who underwent RCR were stratified based on the timing of their first PT session postoperatively, and revision surgery and capsulitis rates were determined among the groups for both open and arthroscopic RCR. Demographics and comorbidities of the cohort were also used to formulate a multivariate analysis for revision surgery rate.

Results:
The cohort consisted of 64,842 patients who underwent RCR and started PT within 13 weeks of surgery. Starting PT within 1 week postoperatively resulted in a significantly higher revision surgery rate compared with starting PT in weeks 2 to 5, 6 to 9, or 10 to 13 (6.9% vs. 3.6% among all other groups, P = <0.001). The multivariate analysis for revision surgery further demonstrated that starting PT within 1 week postoperatively was associated with a significantly higher rate of revision surgery compared with beginning PT after 1 week (OR = 2.086, P < 0.001). No association was found between timing of beginning PT and capsulitis rates.

Conclusion:
In the Medicare patient cohort, beginning PT within 1 week postoperatively was associated with a significantly higher revision surgery rate; however, no associated benefit was noted in capsulitis rates for beginning PT early. This calls into question the use of an early passive range of motion protocol for older patient cohort; however, further studies should be completed to conclusively determine the most efficacious time to begin rehabilitation post-RCR.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Influence of Floral Origin and Storage Conditions on Physicochemical Properties of Libyan Honeys
Authors: Idris Al-Nagi A. , Abdalla Ahmed , Zeitoun Mohamed , Ali Salim 
Published: December 2021

Aim: The effect of botanical origin and storage conditions on the quality of two Libyan monofloral honey samples (thyme and ziziphus honeys) were assessed during prolonged storage (12 months) at room temperature.
Methodology: Physicochemical properties (moisture, viscosity, electrical conductivity, acidity pH, 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF), diastase activity, sugars, and color) were monitored.
Results: Generally, moisture, acidity, diastatic activity, and color values were significantly higher in thyme honey, whereas viscosity, electrical conductivity, pH, HMF, and sugars content were higher in ziziphus honeys. In comparison with the initial values, viscosity, acidity, and HMF values of all honey samples increased during storage. Storage period and containers did not affect the electrical conductivity and sucrose contents for the two honey types, which were below the stipulated limits. Moisture content, pH, diastatic activity, color (L*), fructose, and glucose content decreased during storage. Honey samples stored in opaque container showed significantly lower changes in all parameters during the storage period compared to those stored in transparent bottles. The results showed that both honey types stored for 12 months at room temperature could be considered safe for human consumption according to maintaining physicochemical parameters.
Evaluation of C-reactive Protein Levels in the Saliva of Covid Recovered Patients
Authors: Ganesh Soorya , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini . , Meghashree V. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The acute phase reactant synthesized by the liver. CRP is an annular (ring- shaped) metameric protein set up in plasma, whose circulating immersion rise in response to inflammation. The idea of the study is to estimate the C-reactive protein situations in the salivary samples of COVID- 19 recovered cases and healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: An experimental study on salivary samples of COVID recovered cases. The study was non-invasive and easy to perform without important vexation to cases. The samples were acquired from cases who came to the clinics of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. An aggregate of 20 saliva samples was collected from recruited cases 10 of whom were healthy controls and 10 were collected from cases who had made complete recovery from COVID infection.
Results: C-reactive protein (CRP) could be generally used as a biomarker of systemic inflammation, routinely measured in serum blood samples. Still salivary samples offer a non-invasive and simply accessible preference which might upgrade point of care (POC) testing for inflammation. This study illustrates the group of healthy controls and COVID recovered cases.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of our study, we were capable to interpret the difference of CRP levels between COVID recovered cases and healthy individualities.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV/AIDS in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri
Authors: Vincent C. C. N. , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Agu Ifeyinwa Stephina , Ukeagu Ngozi Chidinma , Onyekachi-Chigbu Agnes Chinyere 
Published: December 2021

The research is set out to determine the adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIVAIDS in Federal Medical Clinic Owerri. The purpose of the study was to assess patients knowledge of benefits of Highly Active antiretroviral Regimen, determine level of adherence among the HIV patients, identify factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral regimen among HIV patients, relationship between adherence antiretroviral therapy and basic demographic factors like level of education and gender . Related literature was reviewed. The research design used was a descriptive survey design. The instrument for the study was a validated and reliable questionnaire (r-0.82). A reliable and validated questionnaire was used as the major instrument for data collection. The findings indicated that 169 (88.0%) of the respondents have a high knowledge of the benefits of antiretroviral therapy while 23 (12.0%) of the sample have low knowledge. In other words, a large number of the sampled populations are well aware of the benefits of antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion was drawn that a large number of the sampled population are well aware of the benefits of antiretroviral therapy. Recommendations made were that the clinician should emphasize reducing adverse drug reaction, detecting and treating co-morbidities early, improving knowledge through health education, and encouraging the patients to disclose their HIV status to their families. Also Intensive adherence counseling should be provided to all patients before initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Health care providers must identify possible barriers to adherence to HIV/AIDS antiretroviral therapy and provide appropriate solution.