bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of x-ray lithography conditions for fabrication of large arrays of high-aspect-ratio submicron pores
Authors: Nazmov V , Goldenberg B , Vasiliev A , Asadchikov V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Patterning using a focused ionizing radiation beam provides a high spatial resolution but is not feasible when creating large arrays of microstructures. We propose the optimization of x-ray lithography parameters to create submicropores in a low-sensitivity material (polyethylene terephthalate) using a wide x-ray beam. This optimization results in the fabrication of regularly arranged micropores with a high aspect ratio (over 20) and diameters of up to 0.4 µm across a large substrate area (up to several square centimeters).
Scaling laws of the lifting height of a conductive particle in a gas insulated switchgear
Authors: Wang Zekun , Liu Moubin , Yang Xi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conductive particles greatly impair the insulation integrity of a gas insulated switchgear (GIS). Factors including applied voltage, frequency of the alternating current, size and coefficient of restitution of the metallic particle, pressurized gas, and sizes of the GIS dramatically influence the particle dynamics. Previous investigations basically focused on certain scenarios, seldom considered the effects from coefficient of restitution, and did not provide universal laws for the particle dynamics. This paper proposes a dimensionless number that considers all the above-mentioned factors, and presents the scaling law between dimensionless mean/maximum lifting height of a charged particle in GIS and the proposed dimensionless number. It is believed that the scaling law together with the dimensionless number can provide guidance and shrink the parameter window for relevant investigations on the GIS with sparsely distributed conductive particles.
Rapid and sensitive detection of 4-ethylbenzaldehyde by a plasmonic nose
Authors: Zhang Xingang , Liu Zhengqi , Zhong Xuying , Liu Jing , Xiao Xiangheng , Jiang Changzhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential for environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has a natural analyte recognition ability and can realize ultra-sensitive detection. Herein, we report a plasmonic nose based on a 3D-microneedle array coated with Ag nanoparticles for fast and ultrasensitive SERS detection of VOCs vapor. Since the surface of the 8.3 μm high microneedle is completely covered by ‘hot spots’, which can effectively slow down the diffusion of gas molecules, so as to ensure that the gas molecules are in full contact with ‘hot spots’, and then detected by the plasmonic nose. Experiments for gaseous 4-methylbenzenethiol detection with a fast responding time (as short as 1 s) are realized, and gaseous 4-ethylbenzaldehyde as a lung cancer marker is also captured with a 10 ppb limit of detection. The results demonstrate that the plasmonic nose is of great potential for environmental monitoring and disease diagnosis.
Estimations of edge plasma and impurity performance on HL-2M with EMC3-EIRENE modelling
Authors: Liang Z , Dai S Y , Feng Y , Wang D Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The three-dimensional edge transport code EMC3-EIRENE has been employed to investigate the edge plasma behavior and carbon impurity transport in the HuanLiuqi-2M (HL-2M) tokamak. It is found that the outboard divertor target has a narrower flux deposition width and therefore undergoes more intense peak heat flux than the inboard one. Detailed analyses of carbon impurity have been performed to obtain deeper insights into the mechanisms of edge impurity transport and mitigation of heat loads. As the increment in upstream density, a larger region in the intrinsic friction force dominant regime has been achieved in divertor region, while less impurity ionization source locates in the thermal force dominant region, and hence a better impurity screening has been obtained. The total power loss induced by carbon impurity shows no significant differences as the upstream density increases when it is higher than 1.5 × 1019 m−3, even though the total number of carbon ions in space obviously decreases. Further study on impacts of the impurity source locations has been performed. The carbon impurity eroded from the vertical part of the outboard target is likely to leak out into the upstream, which is attributed to that the region where the intrinsic friction force dominates is thin. On the other hand, the carbon impurity eroded from the inboard target and the horizontal part of the outboard target is under good control due to the wider region in the intrinsic friction force dominant regime.
Flow and heat transfer investigation of bio–convective hybrid nanofluid with triple stratification effects
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naveed , Ahmad Shafiq , Nadeem Sohail 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current study explored the bio-convective stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christove theory, viscous dissipation, and activation energy. The stratification and Thomson and Troian slip condition are applied on the boundary of a permeable vertical cylinder. The central idea of the present study is to boosting the thermal conductivity of fluid by immersed the nanoparticles (SWCNT, MWCNT) in the base liquid (Engine oil). The mathematical model is converted into the system of coupled nonlinear differential equations (PDEs). These coupled equations are manipulated with the help of a Bvp4c Matlab technique. The graphical illustration is presented via various emerging parameters. It is worth noticing that the porosity and velocity slip parameter lessen the velocity profile. Moreover, the comparison between simple and hybrid nanofluid is done by the tabulated date. It is showed that heat and mass transfer rate improved with the addition of hybrid nanofluid.
Minimal theory of isomerism- Q.Q and other interactions
Authors: Srivastava P C , Zamick L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We perform shell model calculations using a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction (Q.Q) in a single j shell space. We show that this one-parameter interaction is a good predictor of where nuclear isomerism occurs and where it does not occur. The limitations of this interaction are also discussed. We then include other interactions, e.g. in the

f

7

/

2

shell those obtained from the (local) spectrum of a two particle system and then from a two hole system. In the

g

9

/

2

where there is insufficient empirical data from the two hole system and so various empirical interactions are used.
Derivation and simulation of the M-lump solutions to two (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear equations
Authors: Chen Si-Jia , Lü Xing , Li Meng-Gang , Wang Fang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The N-rational solutions to two (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations are constructed by utilizing the long wave limit method. M-lump solutions to the two equations are derived by making some parameters conjugate to each other. We present and discuss the 1-, 2- and 3-lump solutions to the two equations. The amplitude and shape of the one lump wave remain unchanged during the propagation. The dynamic properties of the collisions among multiple lump waves are analyzed, which indicate that the fusion and fission of multiple lump waves might occur. The multiple lump waves might merge into one lump wave, then split into multiple lump waves. The lines which multiple lump waves follow are various if we choose different parameters. These results are helpful to describe some nonlinear phenomena in the areas of optics, fluid dynamics and plasma.
Small-scale CMB anisotropies induced by the primordial magnetic fields
Authors: Minoda Teppei , Ichiki Kiyotomo , Tashiro Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) produced in the early
universe are expected to be the origin of the large-scale cosmic
magnetic fields. The PMFs are considered to leave a footprint on
the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies due to both the
electromagnetic force and gravitational interaction. In this paper,
we investigate how the PMFs affect the CMB anisotropies on smaller
scales than the mean-free-path of the CMB photons. We solve the
baryon Euler equation with Lorentz force due to the PMFs, and we
show that the vector-type perturbations from the PMFs induce the CMB
anisotropies below the Silk scale as ℓ > 3000. Based on our
calculations, we put a constraint on the PMFs from the combined CMB
temperature anisotropies obtained by Planck and South Pole Telescope
(SPT). We have found that the highly-resolved temperature
anisotropies of the SPT 2017 bandpowers at ℓ ≲ 8000
favor the PMF model with a small scale-dependence. As a result, the
Planck and SPT's joint-analysis puts a constraint on the PMF
strength normalized on the co-moving 1 Mpc scale as
B1Mpc < 1.5 nG with Planck and SPT at 95% C.L., while
B1Mpc < 3.2 nG only with the Planck data at 95% C.L.
We also discuss the effects on the cosmological parameter estimate
when including the SPT data and CMB anisotropies induced by the
PMFs.
Gravitational effects on oscillon lifetimes
Authors: Zhang Hong-Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many scalar field theories with attractive self-interactions support exceptionally long-lived, spatially localized and time-periodic field configurations called oscillons (axion stars). A detailed study of their longevity is important for understanding their applications in cosmology. In this paper, we study gravitational effects on the decay rate and lifetime of dense oscillons, where self-interactions are more or at least equally important compared with gravitational interactions. As examples, we consider the α-attractor T-model of inflation and the axion monodromy model, where the potentials become flatter than quadratic at large field values beyond some characteristic field distance F from the minimum. For oscillons with field amplitudes of 𝒪(F) and for F ≪ 0.1 M
pl, we find that their evolution is almost identical to cases where gravity is ignored. For F ∼ 0.1 M
pl, however, including gravitational interactions reduces the lifetime slightly.
A 87Sr optical lattice clock with 2.9 × 10
−17 uncertainty and its absolute frequency measurement
Authors: Lin Yige , Wang Qiang , Meng Fei , Cao Shiying , Wang Yuzhuo , Li Ye , Sun Zhen , Lu Bingkun , Yang Tao , Lin Baike , Zhang Aimin , Fang Fang , Fang Zhanjun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report the 87Sr optical lattice clock at NIM with a clock laser referenced to a 30 cm ULE cavity. Several improvements, such as the atomic temperature and density, the lattice laser frequency stabilization, the fiber noise cancellation, etc, have been made since its first evaluation in 2015. Its systematic frequency shifts are carefully evaluated with a total relative uncertainty of 2.9 × 10−17. The measured absolute frequency is 429 228 004 229 873.07(0.13) Hz with a relative uncertainty of 3.1 × 10−16, with reference to the ensemble of primary and secondary frequency standards published in the Circular T bulletin by BIPM through a satellite link.
Spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression around implanted silicon electrode arrays
Authors: Thompson Cort H , Saxena Akash , Heelan Nicholas , Salatino Joseph , Purcell Erin K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Intracortical brain interfaces are an ever evolving technology with growing potential for clinical and research applications. The chronic tissue response to these devices traditionally has been characterized by glial scarring, inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal loss, and blood-brain barrier disruptions. The full complexity of the tissue response to implanted devices is still under investigation. Approach. In this study, we have utilized RNA-sequencing to identify the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns in interfacial (within 100 µm) and distal (500 µm from implant) brain tissue around implanted silicon microelectrode arrays. Naïve, unimplanted tissue served as a control. Main results. The data revealed significant overall differential expression (DE) in contrasts comparing interfacial tissue vs naïve (157 DE genes), interfacial vs distal (94 DE genes), and distal vs naïve tissues (21 DE genes). Our results captured previously characterized mechanisms of the foreign body response, such as astroglial encapsulation, as well as novel mechanisms which have not yet been characterized in the context of indwelling neurotechnologies. In particular, we have observed perturbations in multiple neuron-associated genes which potentially impact the intrinsic function and structure of neurons at the device interface. In addition to neuron-associated genes, the results presented in this study identified significant DE in genes which are associated with oligodendrocyte, microglia, and astrocyte involvement in the chronic tissue response. Significance. The results of this study increase the fundamental understanding of the complexity of tissue response in the brain and provide an expanded toolkit for future investigation into the bio-integration of implanted electronics with tissues in the central nervous system.
Backward bifurcation analysis on Tuberculosis disease transmission with saturated treatment
Authors: Aldila Dipo , Saslia Besya Raisna , Gayarti Wed , Tasman Hengki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this research article, the authors intend to introduced an SEI (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious) Tuberculosis model to consider the limitation of medical resources using a saturated treatment function. This is important to analyze the effect of hospital capacity in the success of Tuberculosis prevention strategy. Mathematical analysis was conducted to determine and analyze the existence and local stability criteria for equilibrium points, and how they related to the basic reproduction number of the model. The stability criteria of the endemic equilibrium point were analyzed using the center manifold theory. Our analysis showed that the saturated treatment rate might lead our proposed model to exhibit backward bifurcation at a basic reproduction number equal to one, and this phenomena appears related to the size of the treatment saturated parameter. Local sensitivity analysis was given to give a suggestion about how to avoid the occurrence of backward bifurcation phenomena. To support our analytical results, some simulations were presented at the end of the work.
Application of Mean Shift Clustering to optimize matching problems in ridesharing for maximize the total number of match
Authors: Sadewo H , Satria Y , Burhan H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ridesharing system One of the solution can reduce the use of private vehicles so as to reduce congestion. The problem that happened with this ridesharing system is the matching problem between the driver and the passenger (rider). Mean shift clustering will be used in this paper as the first step in optimizing the matching problem in ridesharing. Mean shift clustering is a method of grouping spatial data by iteratively assigning data points to groups by shifting points to mode (mode is the highest density of data points in the region, in the context of mean-shift). So that with clustering it will be easier and more effective in pairing drivers and passengers optimally. After the clustering results are obtained, the driver and passenger will be paired based on the objective function of maximizing the number of pairs that occur (match). The basic idea of this objective function is to find the maximum number of match to do ridesharing. With the help of the Hopcroft Karp algorithm, can find a solution for the maximum number of match to do ridesharing.
Digital text and digital image encryption and steganography method based on SIYu map and least significant bit
Authors: Satria Y , Suryadi MT , Cahyadi D J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper focus on keeping data and information confidentiality on digital image based on chaotic system. In this paper, we use the unmodified SIYu map for the encryption and embedding process and use 3-3-2 LSB insertion method to embed data to cover image. This paper will show how is the result of encryption process and embedding process using SIYu map. Furthermore, we will show our algorithm performance based on randomness of sequence generated by SIYu map with NIST test and entropy test, histogram analysis, goodness of fit test, quality of the stego image, quality of decrypted data, initial value sensitivity, and key space. The results show encrypted data is uniformly distributed; sequence generated by SIYu map passes all NIST test and entropy test, which means the generated sequence is random; stego image have a good quality, it can be seen from the correlation coefficient and PSNR value more than 40 dB; decrypted data has the same quality as the original data; initial value sensitivity reaches 10−16; key space reaches 2.56 × 1094; and add noises can be optional to increase data confidentiality. For the conclusion, our algorithm can be used to keeping data and information confidentiality on digital image.
Development of reuse module on stowage planning system using CBR for multiport route
Authors: Pramesti N L A , Mukhlash I , Nugroho S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Stowage planning is an activity of containers arrangement on container vessels. A good and fast container setup requires a piece of software that can help planner’s performance especially for multiport cases. The Case Based Reasoning method (CBR) can be used to implement software in order to produce a container setup based on pre-existing setups. The Case Based Reasoning method discussed in this paper is focused on the reuse phase by designing the Similarity algorithm, Container Loading List adaptation algorithms as well as the restow evaluation algorithm. The set of algorithms is used to automatically produce a container setup at each port in one voyage and display the number of restow and many containers that experience loading and unloading in one voyage so as to assist the performance of the planner in every port. The results of this study can also be analysed for the workload of planners where the smaller the case base population, manual swaps performed on average more than 70% of the total containers on the ship.
Determination of Basic Reproduction Numbers using Transition Intensities Multi-state SIRD Model for COVID-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Zuhairoh F , Rosadi D , Effendie A R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The most important quantity in infectious disease epidemiology is the basic reproduction number (R
0). R
0 is the expected value of the number of infections per unit time. This paper aims to model the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia using the multi-state SIRD model and then determine the transition intensities to construct R
0. The estimation of the transition intensity uses the maximum likelihood approach with the assumption of a homogeneous time Markov chain with an exponential distribution of transition intensity and the number of transitions in a Poisson distribution. The results of the transition intensity estimation are used to construct R
0 with the next generation matrix method. From the multi-state SIRD model, the largest transition is shown in the individual healing process, namely the movement from an infected to susceptible state, while the smallest transition is the transition from susceptible to dead. The R
0 obtained is 1.079708 (> 1) meaning that the number of individuals infected with COVID-19 will increase until it reaches a stable point. Transition intensities is an effective way of determining R
0 where the dynamics of disease transmission depends on the number of individuals transition between states and the total waiting time in a certain state. R
0 > 1 states that the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not been over yet.
Control design of motion of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) with Active Ballast using Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Mardlijah  , Chandra A , Adzkiya D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is an unmanned submarine that is currently being developed. In this research, a sliding mode controller will be designed to adjust the following motion of an AUV: surge, heave and yaw. We developed a mathematical model for an AUV with active ballast at a certain depth. The results showed that the hitting time for surge, heave, yaw motions is less than 12.7 seconds, 9.8 seconds and 6.9 seconds, respectively. Steady state error on surge, heave and yaw motion is less than 0.0003%, 0.0005% and 0.0003%. Finally, overshoot of the response of each motion is 0%.
Inventory Control Problems with Exponential and Quadratic Demand considering Weibull Deterioration
Authors: Setiawan Raka Iswara Prathama , Lesmono Julius Dharma , Limansyah Taufik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSupplies are goods stored for use or sale in the future. In reality, it is often found that stored goods can experience deterioration (in terms of value/quality), that is to say goods are damaged, and have a limited service life (becoming expired), such as those found in food products, medicines, chemicals, and others. These factors are important ones that the seller needs to be aware of so as to ensure that the goods he stores are in good condition. Another aspect that cannot be ignored in the management of goods inventory is the demand from consumers, which is dynamic in nature. In this paper, a mathematical model will be developed considering Weibull deterioration for exponential demand and quadratic demand with shortages of time-dependent goods. Based on the results and sensitivity analysis conducted, it was found that the total cost of inventory will increase in accordance with the level of demand and the level of deterioration of goods.
The making of chemistry chess media for colloid material
Authors: Maulana A , Sari S , Subarkah C Z 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to provide a summary of the steps in making the Chemistry Chess media on the concept of colloids. Descriptive research method is used to analyse the steps in making Chem-Chess media on the concept of colloids through flowcharts and storyboards. Flowcharts and storyboards are described based on the steps of making Chem-Chess media on the colloid concept. This research produces a learning media that needs to be applied to the concept of colloids by providing an instruction book as well as 3 types of knowledge cards, question cards, and challenge cards, which correspond to them at different cognitive levels. The colloid concept used contains learning indicators that are determined in general. With some equipment from chemistry chess media, it can be said that this research produced media that has the potential and suitable to be applied during the learning process on the colloid concept.
Fast pyrolysis corn husk for bio-oil production
Authors: Maulinda L , Husin H , Arahman N , Rosnelly C M , Andau E , Lestari W , Karo-Karo J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The fast pyrolysis of corn husk was studied by using a tube pyrolysis unit. This research aimed to produce bio-oil from corn husk through a fast pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition process of biomass at high temperatures with the absence of oxygen. The products in pyrolysis combustion are solids (bio-char), liquids (bio-oil), and gases. The major factors to get excellent products of pyrolysis are temperature and time. The corn husk was dried at 105 °C in the oven to reduce water content. The dried sample was burned at temperatures of 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 °C by flushing the nitrogen gas inside the tube for two h. The highest yield of bio-oil was reached of 33.3% at a temperature of 400 °C. Bio-oil characteristics such as density (1.007 gr/ml) and viscosity (0.9625 cSt) were observed. The composition of bio-oil was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Its composition was composed of hydrocarbons such as acids, furfural, phenols, and ketones.