bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance Is Futile
Authors: Ghodsee Kristen , Orenstein Mitchell A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 14 explains the factors that prevented popular response against the corruption and economic instability brought on by transitional reforms. It points out that neoliberal atomization of social experience, coupled with economic instability, made social and political activism too costly for those who lived on the knife’s edge. The chapter also shows the importance of growing religious, ethnic, and nationalist movements as forging identity groups that were resistant to internal disputes. It further explores the role of mass out-migration in giving those who were dissatisfied with the social or economic conditions in their home country a route for seeking a better life elsewhere rather than engaging in subversive political movements. The speed and severity of the shift, as well as optimistic beliefs about market capitalism, had substantial effects on individuals’ psychosocial understanding of political and social life that prevented them from engaging in alternate political movements.
Disputes over Genomic Science Are Not Partisan
Authors: Hochschild Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the contemporary United States, most important societal disputes have become politicized, with the result that there are Republican and Democratic positions to which partisans largely adhere. Interestingly, that is not the case for societal uses of genomic science; controversies surrounding genomics are largely nonpartisan, or its uses are not even considered controversial. Chapter 3 demonstrates this unusual pattern by examining American elected officials’ unanimous support for forensic DNA databases and their silence on scientific DNA databases, the lack of partisanship in legislation and funding for genomics research, and the absence of controversy in the courts around genomics.
Hope and Rejection
Authors: Hochschild Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the remaining two cells in the basic framework: “Hope,” about developing social programs separate from genetic influence, and “Rejection,” emphasizing the hubris of both genetic science and social programming. For each viewpoint, this chapter explores arenas within medical and scientific research (including environmental causes of and cures for disease, and personal choice), criminal justice (including predictive models, epigenetics, and environmental or personal causes), and biogeographical DNA testing (largely rejected except through traditional genealogy in both cells). Chapter 5 provides evidence to support both hope about understanding causes of individual or societal problems and policy interventions to solve them, and the conviction that policy interventions will be a waste of time or actually harmful.
Locating the Public in the Basic Framework
Authors: Hochschild Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Relying on two surveys of randomly selected American adults, Chapter 7 first locates the American public within the basic framework’s four quadrants. The surveys—Genomics: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Policies 1 (GKAP 1), and GKAP 2—were conducted in 2011 and 2017, respectively. Both are stratified by race and ethnicity; GKAP 1 includes almost 4,000 respondents and GKAP 2 includes almost 2,000. Survey items address perceptions of genetic influence and levels of technology optimism; in combination, these items enable respondents to be located in the four cells. Chapter 7 then explores demographic characteristics of individuals in particular cells, and views as revealed through coded responses to open-ended questions. Key findings include: about three-fifths of Americans are Enthusiatic; genetics knowledge is associated with Enthusiasm; racial or partisan differences have little impact on quadrant location; the Hopeful and especially Enthusiasts are committed to medical research or to criminal justice; Skeptics are mistrustful and protective of privacy; Rejecters seek withdrawal and self-protection.
Governing Genomics
Authors: Hochschild Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is no most-compelling approach for governing genomics technologies, There are several possibilities: Governance may be top-down from experts to the public; it may be sideways, through advocacy groups for particular issues; or it may be bottom-up, resulting from an incident or political framing that engages the public. It may, alternatively, not occur much at all, or be dispersed across many separate arena. Many experts see particular genomics arenas as distinct and requiring separate governance structures, while the public mostly sees its possibilities and risks as a unified whole. A further complication is that residents of each quadrant typically prefer different governance structures, although Enthusiasts and the Hopeful, and (separately) Skeptics and Rejecters, agree more than other pairings. Author Jennifer Hochschild explains why she fits more into the Enthusiasm cell than the others. She reasons that excessive caution about what might go wrong makes innovations in societal and individual benefits difficult to achieve, that genomic scientists are ethically sophisticated and capable of learning to mitigate problems, and that concern about risks tends to be abstract and focused on possibilities, whereas benefits tend to be concrete and demonstrable. Nonetheless, however governance moves forward, it will need to monitor possibilities for racial, class, or genetic discrimination.
The Everyday, Circuitry, and Scalability
Authors: Mac Ginty Roger 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter unpacks two concepts that lie at the heart of the book: the everyday and circuitry. In order to understand everyday peace, it seems sensible to unpack the notion of the everyday and illustrate why the hyperlocal level is relevant to how peace is embodied and enacted. The chapter defines ‘everyday peace’ and discusses the ‘local turn’ in peace and conflict studies before going on to discuss how we might see the local level in comparison with other scales such as the national, the international, the transnational, and all levels in between. It is here that the chapter uses the notion of biological and electronic circuits as a way of explaining the multi-scalar nature of peace and conflict and the messy connectivity between them. In its final substantive part, the chapter considers how everyday peace might be scaled up and thus become more significant than local-level actions and stances. Important here is the notion of scaling out, or the horizontal spread of civility. This leads us to think about how there can be multi-speed and multilevel peace.
Everyday Peace Power
Authors: Mac Ginty Roger 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The issue of power is central to everyday peace and all other types of peace. The chapter discusses the dominance of orthodox explanations of power that often rest on coercion. It posits that everyday peace is, in itself, a form of power: Everyday Peace Power (EPP). In order to see everyday peace as a form of power, we need to look beyond orthodox explanations of power (‘power over’) and instead see more emancipatory forms of power such as ‘power to’ or ‘power with’. In this view, there are multiple forms of power, and power is an assemblage within which individuals and those on the margins sometimes have agency. This liberating switch allows us to see how everyday pro-peace and pro-social actions, stances, and logics can pave the way for the disruption of violent conflict.
Gender and Everyday Peace
Authors: Mac Ginty Roger 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the gendered nature of everyday peace. It recognises that many aspects of peace, particularly formal peace processes, are dominated by male elites and are shaped by power relationships. The focus of the chapter is on the family as a site of the incubation of civility and everyday peace, helping to tamp down violence and tension, and steering those in their ambit towards sociality and tolerance. Through a mix of examples and concept-building, the chapter investigates mentoring, restraint, and avoidance as ways that families help processes of moderation. There is no intention to romanticise the family as an always benign environment. Families might also be the site of a negative pedagogy that reinforces and normalises conflict and exclusion. The chapter also emphasises the connectedness or intersectionality of the multiple aspects of peace and conflict.
Another Side of the Christian Left
Authors: Brown Amanda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 4 explores how another manifestation of Thurman’s pragmatism—his Christian liberalism—was represented within the Fellowship Church and beyond. Chapter 4 takes a broader look at Thurman’s activism within the scope of the midcentury Christian Left and examines how the characteristic cosmopolitanism and Christian liberalism of the movement thrived within the institution. The chapter also expands on how the Fellowship Church’s values transcended its walls through connections to a dynamic international community of religious liberals as well as through a thriving liberal religious middlebrow book culture via Thurman’s 1949 book, Jesus and the Disinherited. Overall, this chapter emphasizes the timeliness of the Fellowship Church and sheds light on the expressions of religious nonviolence that took shape in the mid-twentieth century.
A Preliminary Account of Honesty
Authors: Miller Christian B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 examines the existing treatments of honesty in the philosophy literature over the past fifty years. In particular, we will see how well they fare with respect to the four desiderata. Then it presents a new approach, at least initially. That approach will end up needing some significant revision, and that will happen in the remainder of this chapter and in the next four. The key component of the new account is that an honest person does not intentionally distort the facts as she takes them to be. This account is applies to cases of lying, misleading, cheating, stealing, promise-breaking, bullshitting, hypocrisy, self-deception, and metahonesty.
Refining the Account
Authors: Miller Christian B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The account of the virtue of honesty developed in chapter 2 is a promising start. But it needs a lot more improvement. One big omission has to do with honest motivation. That is the topic of chapter 4. This chapter looks at a variety of challenges and potential counterexamples. In doing so, it turns to our second desideratum, avoiding counterintuitive results. In particular the chapter focuses on Nazi-at-the-door cases and the case of Huck Finn. It also explores the idea that honesty pertains to distortions of normative as well as descriptive facts, and the sense in which many of the wrong actions we perform also might fail to be honest.
Research on Stealing and Promise-Breaking
Authors: Miller Christian B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The virtue of honesty encompasses lying, misleading, cheating, stealing, and promise-breaking. This and the next chapter look in some detail at research in psychology and related disciplines which bears on how people tend to think, feel, and act in these areas. In this chapter, section 8.1 does some preliminary stage setting to clarify what the central issue will be of these chapters and how psychological research can help to address it. Sections 8.2 and 8.3 then turn to research on stealing and promise-breaking, respectively. These sections will end up being very short, however, since there is just not much work at this point upon which to draw.
Research on Lying and Cheating
Authors: Miller Christian B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to review a sizable chunk of the research on lying and cheating, while not pretending to cover every study. To organize the studies, each section highlights a different kind of measure used in the literature. Thus section 9.1 looks at self-reported behavior and motivation, 9.2 at responses to vignettes, 9.3 and 9.4 at the coin-flipping approach, 9.5 at the shredder data, 9.6 at the dice-rolling approach, 9.7 at the letter-scramble approach, 9.8 at the computer-glitch data, 9.9 at the dots perceptual task, 9.10 at sender-receiver games, and 9.11 at some miscellaneous approaches.
Introduction
Authors: Rafanelli Lucia M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter proposes that we need a new political theory of global politics to guide us in a world increasingly marked by global interconnection, transnational activism on the part of nonstate actors, and political actors that utilize many different means (besides force and coercion) to exert influence on the world stage. The book develops such a theory by examining how justice-promoting intervention (reform intervention) implicates the values of toleration, legitimacy, and collective self-determination. The book then examines how this theory could be put into practice in the real world. Ultimately, the book argues that some reform interventions are morally permissible and may even be morally required. Moreover, we are sometimes morally required to open our own societies to reform intervention. The book presents a vision of conscientious global political contestation in which the achievement of justice everywhere can be the legitimate political concern of people anywhere.
Beyond the State, beyond War
Authors: Rafanelli Lucia M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter argues it is important to move beyond the focus of most scholarship on the ethics of intervention (on states intervening militarily or with other coercive means) and pay closer attention to interventions undertaken by nonstate actors and/or using less adversarial or coercive means. It clearly delineates the boundaries of the category “reform intervention.” It identifies several dimensions along which reform interventions can vary: the degree of control interveners exercise over recipients, the urgency of interveners’ objectives, the costs an intervention poses to recipients, and how interveners interact with recipients’ existing political institutions. It sketches some preliminary ideas on how these variations might affect an intervention’s permissibility. In so doing, the chapter also introduces several real-world cases of reform intervention.
Collective Self-Determination without Isolation
Authors: Rafanelli Lucia M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter addresses the self-determination objection to reform intervention (that it is impermissible because it undermines recipients’ collective self-determination) and argues that a commitment to self-determination doesn’t require (as is often assumed) shoring up the boundaries between different societies. Rather, it requires investing in those political projects—including certain reform interventions—that serve to mitigate both local and international threats to self-determination. The chapter considers three ways in which reform intervention might undermine recipients’ self-determination: by dominating them, by subjecting them to neocolonial power dynamics, or by making their institutions more responsive to interveners’ interests at the expense of recipients’ interests. It identifies which kinds of reform intervention risk undermining recipients’ self-determination in these ways and which don’t. This analysis reveals that reform intervention need not undermine recipients’ self-determination and may sometimes bolster it.
Conclusion
Authors: Rafanelli Lucia M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Having shown that some reform interventions are, all things considered, permissible, and having developed theoretical standards for identifying them, the conclusion argues that these permissible interventions may sometimes be morally required. Any who believe there is a natural duty of justice (to support and promote the establishment of just institutions) that is global in scope should think people are at least sometimes required to engage in reform intervention. The conclusion also argues that following two of the book’s directives—to prioritize interventions that challenge existing and historical power hierarchies and to open up our own societies to reform intervention—could help alleviate the epistemic injustice suffered by those whose ideas about justice are not currently prominent on the global stage.
Explaining Research
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Explaining Research is the most comprehensive guide to research communication. It offers practical tools and techniques to effectively reach professional and lay audiences important to researchers’ success. These audiences include colleagues, potential collaborators, officers in funding agencies and foundations, donors, institutional leaders, corporate partners, students, legislators, family and friends, journalists, and the public. The book also includes strategies to guide research communication, as well as insights from leading science journalists and research communicators. The book shows how to develop a communication “strategy of synergy”; give compelling talks; build a professional website; create quality posters, images, animations, graphs, charts, videos, e-newsletters, blogs, podcasts, and webinars; write popular articles and books; persuade funding decision makers; produce news releases and other content that attract media coverage; give effective media interviews; serve as a public educator in schools and science centers; and protect against communication traps.
Plan Your Research Communication Strategy
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Researchers should chart a communication strategy to maximize the benefit of their communications to their research and career. They first need to free themselves from the attitude that they should fear communicating to lay audiences because of the inherent imprecision of lay communications. Also, they should overcome the fear of communicating beyond their peers because their peers might judge them harshly. They should have a “do-tell” strategy that they communicate as much as possible about their goals and research advances. Such a strategy ensures that their work will reach audiences that they might not have expected. They should also have a “strategy of synergy,” in which they use such content as news releases to reach multiple audiences beyond the media.
Create Effective Poster Presentations
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Poster presentations, like professional talks, can be more broadly useful than just to display your findings at conferences; the poster is a jumping-off point for discussion with viewers. Creating effective posters means using accessible designs that are easy for audiences to scan. It also means using newspaper-type headlines for subheads, rather than the uninformative “Abstract,” “Introduction,” “Materials and Methods,” “Results,” and “Conclusions.” Because text is very limited on a poster, make every word count; use short sentences, avoid the passive voice, and explicitly state your finding and its broad implications. In addition to tightly edited text, “grabber” graphics can enhance communication and should be colorful and attractive. Presenting the poster effectively means formulating concise verbal explanations and offering takeaways such as handouts, business cards, or URLs of relevant websites.
Write Clear Research Explanations
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Writing clear research explanations for scientific papers and other professional publications means using short, concise “thrifty” words and eliminating unnecessary “padding” words. Choosing precisely the right word will improve your writing, but also seek out the most vivid, compelling word. Structure sentences to communicate an idea clearly: keep the average sentence short to improve comprehension and give ideas punch, write longer sentences for more complex ideas, and place the concept at the beginning or end. Use the active voice to strengthen your explanations and engage the reader. Proofread exhaustively, performing each of the three levels of proofreading separately. Composing readable prose also means writing for the “reading eye,” taking into account the perceptual process of reading by creating layouts that offer visual landmarks such as paragraph indents, white space, drop caps, and pull quotes.
Manage Media Relations at Scientific Meetings
Authors: Meredith Dennis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter will help you effectively communicate your meeting’s news to the media. To successfully manage media relations at a scientific meeting, a researcher should first visit press rooms at major scientific society meetings to see how they are run. Some steps to running a newsroom include identifying newsworthy papers and suggesting that scientists contact their public information officers to do news releases, as well as notifying the media of the meeting. The role of a conference press officer also includes organizing the newsroom to include all the facilities journalists will need, setting embargoes on presentations, and planning and conducting news conferences. Arranging interviews and making experts available for background discussion are also important steps.
The Nature of Host–Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Owen Jennifer C. , Adelman James S. , Henschen Amberleigh E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of infectious disease are driven by the fundamental processes that mediate host–pathogen interactions. A basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interactions is essential for disease ecologists regardless of their scale of inquiry. This chapter covers the terms and concepts commonly used in ecological studies of infectious disease across levels of organization and scales of inquiry, from the individual host organism to host populations and multispecies communities. When applicable, aspects that are unique to birds and their biology are highlighted. The between-host processes discussed in the beginning of the chapter arise from the within-host processes between the pathogen and the host’s immune system. These processes are then used as a framework to introduce the basics of epidemiological modeling and the population-level disease dynamics. The chapter is not meant to be exhaustive but, instead, to provide a common foundation for readers approaching this topic from unique backgrounds. Given the transdisciplinary nature of avian infectious disease ecology, many of the terms used have multiple meanings assigned to them that are taxon- or discipline-specific. Such variation in key terminology is, in large part, a consequence of the transdisciplinary and multiscaled approaches inherent in studying host–pathogen–vector–environment interactions.
Climate Change and Avian Disease
Authors: Hall Richard J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rapid and intensifying impacts of climate change are having profound influences on bird populations worldwide, altering their exposure and vulnerability to diverse parasites of conservation or public health concern. This chapter highlights theory and assesses empirical evidence for how climate change will affect avian host–parasite interactions through multiscale processes that jointly determine transmission potential. Shifts in the distribution and phenology of bird populations shape the diversity of parasites they encounter, while behavioral and physiological responses influence individuals’ susceptibility to infection. Additionally, direct and often non-linear effects of abiotic conditions on parasite stages in arthropod vectors or the external environment can be crucial determinants of avian exposure risk. This chapter underscores the necessity of quantifying responses to environmental change in both birds and their parasites and highlights key knowledge gaps and priorities for future research, in order to improve predictions of when climate change will intensify or reduce avian–parasite interactions.