bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source processes of the 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquake sequence from body-wave analysis
Authors: Kim Won-Young , Kulhánek Ota , Meyer Klaus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTeleseismic long-period body waves from the 24 February 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquake and its two principal aftershocks of 25 February (02h35m) and 4 March (21h58m) 1981 are studied to determine source characteristics. Focal mechanisms, along with observed surface fault breaks, suggest that the Corinth earthquake sequence represents normal faulting due to the N-S trending extension. Depths of the three shocks, estimated by matching synthetic seismograms to observations, are found to lie between 4 and 12 km. The azimuthal variation of observed body-wave duration indicates that the main shock is a multiple event and that the main rupture occurred about 3 to 4 sec after a relatively small foreshock and propagated toward the W-NW.Seismic moments deduced from the body-wave synthetics are 8.1 ×1025, 2.7 ×1025, and 2.2 ×1025 dyne-cm for the main, 25 February and 4 March shocks, respectively. Average final displacements and stress drops are estimated to be 37 cm and 10 bars for the main shock (for a circular fault of radius 15 km); 22 cm and 8 bars for the 25 February shock, and 18 cm and 7 bars for the 4 March shock (for circular faults of radius 11 km).The striking features of the earthquake sequence are the low stress drops of the main shock and its two principal aftershocks, and the clear eastward migration of aftershock activities. The unusually long source-time function rise times (4 sec for the main shock, 2.5 sec for both aftershocks) and low stress drops suggest an overall slow energy release during the earthquake sequence.
Finite difference analysis of Rayleigh wave transmission past an upward step change
Authors: Fuyuki Masahiko , Nakano Masayoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransmission coefficients of the Rayleigh wave past an upward step change are obtained by the finite difference scheme. In the region of large height of a step relative to a wavelength h/λ, individual phases of the transmitted wave are investigated and the dominant wave in each phase is clarified. For smaller values of h/λ, we examine to what extent the contribution of the diffracted wave due to a step change accounts for the discrepancy between the finite difference results and the prediction of the theory of Mal and Knopoff. In order to explain the transmission coefficients with h/λ close to zero, a boundary-perturbation method is extended to the second order.
Seismic-induced pore-water pressure records from the Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence of 25 to 27 May 1980
Authors: Harp E. L. , Sarmiento John , Cranswick Edward 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Eight records of seismic-induced pore-water pressure and corresponding acceleration records were gathered from aftershocks of the 25 to 27 May 1980, Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence. The records were obtained from lakeshore sediments at Convict Lake that had undergone liquefaction and subsequent lateral-spreading failure. The pore-pressure records showed several similarities to corresponding strong-motion acceleration records. The pore-pressure traces show clear P- and S-wave phases and are in phase with corresponding P-wave components of the acceleration records. S-wave components of pore-pressure records appear most similar in waveform to one or the other of the corresponding horizontal acceleration components. Although the P-wave portions of pore pressure are in phase with their acceleration counterparts, the amplitudes are not related by a strictly proportional factor. S-wave portions of the porepressure records show a phase lag compared to the S wave of the respective acceleration trace. In most cases, the frequency of the pore-pressure S-wave components are also about 5 Hz lower in frequency than the acceleration S waves.
High stress drops of short-period subevents from the 1968 Tokachi-Oki earthquake as observed on strong-motion records
Authors: Mori Jim , Shimazaki Kunihiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStrong-motion records of the 1968 Tokachi-Oki earthquake were examined, and two very high stress drop subevents were identified. The first subevent had been previously located by Nagamune (1969), and the second subevent was located in this study using P waves recorded on short-period WWSSN records. Estimates of source parameters revealed small source dimensions (&lt;1 per cent of the aftershock area) and very high dynamic and static stress drops in the kilobar range for both of the subevents. It is suggested that these subevents are important in driving the main rupture of this earthquake.The two subevents also produced the dominant accelerations on the strong-motion records, and it is shown that high-peak accelerations (150 to 200 cm/sec2) were recorded even at relatively large distances (100 to 200 km).
Depth determination of North Italian earthquakes using Grafenberg data
Authors: Zonno G. , Kind R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Surface reflections such as pP and sP have long been used to determine the source depth of teleseismic events. Due to difficulties in identifying these phases at single, narrow-band stations, they have rarely been used for regional events. Correlation over an array of stations and the possibility of applying different filters to broadband data allows such phases to be identified. We describe a method to determine the source depth, which uses such depth phases at regional distances. Complete theoretical seismograms are an important aid for the interpretation of these depth phases. The method is demonstrated using small events from the Lombardia region and large events from Friuli, Northern Italy. Good agreement is achieved with depth determinations by other authors for the Friuli events. Relative source depths are determined very accurately, since only time differences need to be compared.
The relative performance ofmband alternative measures of elastic energy in estimating source size and explosion yield
Authors: Bullitt J. T. , Cormier V. F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA comparison has been made of the relative scatter of classical mb and alternative measures of P-wave energy from underground nuclear explosions at test sites in East Kazakh, USSR. The scatter of the energy measures is observed in teleseismic arrays of short-period Global Digital Seismic Network (GDSN) stations and the local broadband array at Graefenburg, Federal Republic of Germany. Four measures of A in log(A/T), spectral magnitudes, peak velocity, rms coda, and integrated velocity-squared are compared. The measures are constructed to be in equivalent units of the flux rate of radiated elastic energy. All measures are assumed to have the same slope in a linear regression of log(yield) versus log(measure). Three independent tests were made of the stability of the yield estimators: the scatter of the measures using: (1) Graefenburg array data; (2) GDSN data normalized to a reference station; and (3) GDSN data normalized to a reference event. The differences among the standard deviations are small (≦ 0.1 mb units), making it difficult using a small data base to conclude whether the performance of one estimator is significantly better than another. The relative order in the performance of the yield estimators, however, is preserved in each of the three tests. The coda measure is the most stable, followed by the spectral and time-domain A/T measures. The relations observed at Graefenburg between (1) the amplitude of direct P versus P coda, (2) the apparent azimuth of direct P, and (3) complexity, suggest that amplitude variations across an array are a product of scattering along the entire ray path as well as scattering, focusing, and defocusing localized in the lithosphere beneath the source and receiver sites.
Variations of apparent stresses and stress drops prior to the earthquake of 6 May 1984 (mb= 5.8) in the Adak Seismic Zone
Authors: Scherbaum Frank , Kisslinger Carl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn 6 May 1984, a mb = 5.8 earthquake occurred within a subregion of the Adak Seismic Zone that had shown clustering of mb&gt;4.5 earthquakes during the last 3 yr. This region has been examined for premonitory variations in stress drop and apparent stresses, calculated from the S-wave spectra of 69 microearthquakes (Md &lt; 2.7) which occurred between January 1981 and May 1984. The influence of local site conditions seems to control the corner frequencies at certain stations. Both the distribution of apparent stresses and stress drops shows local concentrations of high values close to the hypocenter of the 6 May event and an increase with time over 3 yr for earthquakes closer than ≈ 7.5 km. The significance of the increase is greater than 99.5 percent for the apparent stresses and greater than 95 percent for the stress drops. The quantitative interpretation in terms of ambient stresses is aggravated since the stress drops with seismic moments less than about 1.0 × 1013 Nm decrease with decreasing moment.
The 23:19 aftershock of the 15 October 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake: More evidence for an asperity
Authors: Liu Hsui-Lin , Helmberger Donald V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe well-recorded strong ground motion data for the 23:19 aftershock of the 15 October 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake provide a good opportunity to study the high-frequency source characteristics and the path effects at near-source distances.The best-fitting point source model has a strike-slip mechanism, N40°W, which is nearly identical to the main event. The estimated stress drop is extremely high, roughly 500 bars, with a triangular time history (0.1, 0.1 sec) but with a moment of 1.0 × 1024 dyne-cm. A double-source model found by inversion fits the high-frequency data better but indicates complex faulting: the first source (with strike = N319°E, dip = 42°NE, and slip angle = 165°) has a moment of 0.7 × 1024 dyne-cm, the second source (with strike = N324°E, dip = 82°SW, and slip angle = 181°) lies about 0.5 km to the north and has a seismic moment twice that of the first source. Source dimensions appear very small for this amount of energy release. Many of the anomalous behaviors observed at certain stations for the main event are, also, present in the aftershock data. These features are examined in terms of path effects.
Tech Tools for Anticipating Human Trafficking in Archipelago State
Authors: Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad , Deliarnoor Nandang Alamsyah , Suryaningsih - 
Published: July 2021

The current mitigation efforts of human trafficking fail to combat cross-border trafficking in the sea. On the other hand, most of the studies in human trafficking have not dealt with the context of transporting victims via seaport. This paper attempts to critically discuss the process and consequences of transporting victims of human trafficking via illegal seaport. Part of the objective is to propose compatible tech tools to anticipate potential victims. A qualitative approach was employed since investigating human trafficking in Riau Islands' seaports needs a robust research method. Thus, a case study is selected to focus on a single exit point phenomenon for sending migrant workers who have been identified as a group at high risk of human trafficking. Riau Islands, specifically Bintan Island and Batam Island, were selected as samples of case studies because these are critical locations for sending and repatriating victims. The current study found that an archipelago country like Indonesia deals with multifaceted challenges in combating human trafficking. Moreover, there is a significant shift in human trafficking crime from recruiting to executing due to the cyber world's invention. One unanticipated finding is that social networks and cybercrime have expanded the possibilities for supplying victims. This study contributes to research on human trafficking by introducing tech tools that may help overcome the problems.
Morphometric Characteristics of Cipeles Watershed to Identify Flood Prone Area
Authors: Rendra Pradnya Paramarta Raditya , Sukiyah Emi 
Published: July 2021

Cipeles watershed is located on Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. This research aims to identify the flood-prone area in the Cipeles Watershed based on morphometric characteristics. This research was conducted through studio analysis using Map Info and Global Mapper software and mathematical calculations. The data used in this research are stream network and topography. Digital Elevation Model was used to analyze the slope of the research area. Morphometric aspects used in the mathematical calculations consist of Drainage density, Drainage texture, Ratio of circularity, Ratio of elongation, and Form factor. The research area is a hilly area with high relief and a very steep-slightly steep slope in the west and south, relatively gentle in the middle to the east of the research area. It consists of parallel, subparallel, subradial, rectangular, dendritic, and subdendritic drainage patterns. Cipeles watershed has 38 subwatersheds with predominantly very elongated-circular shape and very coarse-coarse texture. The research area has relatively high rainfall that potentially causes flooding, especially downstream of the Cpl_10, Cpl_11, Cpl_12, Cpl_13, Cpl_14, Cpl_15, Cpl_16, and Cpl_17 subwatersheds. The research area is classified into low and moderate risk levels of flood potential. The low-risk level is located in Tanjungsari and Rancakalong district. The moderate risk level is located in North Sumedang, South Sumedang, Situraja, and Cimalaka district. The results showed that quantitative research could be used to identify flood prone area. It is recommended that the Cipeles Watershed can be well maintained through integrated watershed management and land use management.
Geochemical of Karst Water in the Western part of Gunungkidul District Area
Authors: R.A T. Listyani , Isnawan Dianto 
Published: July 2021

The geological condition of the study area is included in the karst of the Panggang hydrogeological subsystem. This karst area is characterized by the presence of surface water and groundwater, which is distinctive, where the water is interesting to be studied, especially on its hydrochemistry. By knowing hydrochemistry, this research wants to know about the relationship between surface water and groundwater. The method was a hydrogeological survey and accompanied by hydrochemical testing of dolines (surface) water and groundwater. The data have been analyzed by some hydrochemical diagrams such as Schoeller, Piper, Durov, and Collins diagrams. Springs emerge from reef limestone aquifers (Gunungsewu aquifers) in several places, supported by grains, fractures, and channels porosities. Both groundwater and surface water are colorless (46 - 350 TCU) and clear (3 - 19 NTU) with a pH of 6.8 - 8.1 and TDS 76 - 308 ppm. Groundwater shows the Ca - bicarbonate and Ca, Mg - bicarbonate types, whereas dolines (surface) water has Ca, Mg - bicarbonate types. Groundwater and surface water show relatively similar hydrochemical facies. Enrichment of hydrochemical groundwater is greater in springs than in dolines. The doline water may not correlate with each other, and it means that the groundwater flows to dolines maybe not be interconnected. Thus, water in the karst area may flow in all directions, depending on the porosity of the controlling channels. Water in the study area is young, indicated by the Ca2+ and HCO3- dominant ions, supported by ion exchange and simple dissolution processes.
Trajetória nacional da aquisição de alimentos produzidos por agricultores familiares para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar
Authors: Baraldi Larissa Galastri , Bicalho Daniela , Villar Betzabeth Slater 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o alcance e a trajetória brasileira (2010 a 2016), bem como os fatores de influência, da meta de aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) impressa pela Lei N°11.947/2009. Utilizaram-se dados públicos municipais para avaliar a participação (%) dos recursos gastos com alimentos de agricultores familiares, por cálculo de médias e modelos lineares generalizados. Aplicaram-se nacionalmente em média 21,8% dos recursos do PNAE com alimentos da agricultura familiar, havendo aumento destas compras em todas as regiões, no período. Regiões com maiores financiamentos governamentais para agricultura familiar obtiveram maiores compras para o PNAE. A região sul foi a única que conseguiu alcançar a meta imposta pela Lei. Conclui-se que o aumento na compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar ocorreu em âmbito nacional e regional, mesmo com a maior parte dos municípios não atingindo os 30% desejáveis. Palavras-chaveAgricultura, Política Pública, Alimentação escolar.
Duch, który cierpi. O roli cierpienia i rytuału w przeżywaniu kryzysów na przykładzie szkoły waldorfskiej
Authors: Dobiasz-Krysiak Maja 
Published: July 2021

Tekst poświęcony jest roli rytuału i sztuki w pokonywaniu jednostkowego cierpienia i społecznych kryzysów. Choć niepopularny we współczesnej kulturze analgetyków, nastawionej na uzyskiwanie szybkich efektów, proces rytualny (jak pokazują za Turnerem Maria Mendel i Tomasz Szkudlarek), jest w swej istocie tożsamy z doświadczeniem kryzysu. Przechodzenie rytuałów ma więc potencjał transgresji, przekraczania sytuacji trudnych dla jednostek oraz społeczeństw. Omawiam to na przykładach przemian narracji porodowych oraz sposobów radzenia sobie z traumą przez Martina Millera, syna słynnej psychoterapeutki Alice Miller.
Inną cechą współczesnej kultury jest odrzucenie sacrum, co pokazuję na przykładzie usuwania teozoficznych wątków z biografii Marii Montessori i marginalizowania szkół waldorfskich Rudolfa Steinera, które wyrastają z kryzysu zachodniej racjonalności. Odtwarzane i zapośredniczone przez sztukę rytuały, wykorzystywane są w szkołach waldorfskich w celach wychowawczych i rozwojowych i zgodnie powyższymi teoriami mogą mieć potencjał pokonywania kryzysów związanych z dojrzewaniem.
Rearranjos de drenagem na porção setentrional da Bacia Amazônica
Authors: Salgado André Augusto Rodrigues , Marent Breno Ribeiro , Nascimento Franzmiller Almeida , Gomes António Alberto Teixeira , Tavares Júnior Stelio Soares 
Published: July 2021

A Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Amazonas é a de maior área e volume de água do planeta. Sua elevada dimensão originalmente foi interpretada como resultado do clima e da configuração geológica da América do Sul. Entretanto, nos últimos anos uma série de estudostem apresentado evidências de que amplos processos de rearranjo de drenagem estariam ocorrendo na região e que estes favoreceram a expansão da Bacia Amazônica. Entre esses amplos processos destacam-se estudos que afirmam que a alta bacia hidrográfica do rio Branco fluía em direção ao rio Essequibo e teria sido capturada pela Bacia Amazônica. Entretanto, os estudos que afirmam isso não apresentam evidências morfológicas para esse rearranjo de drenagem. Neste contexto, através de sensoriamento remoto, geoprocessamento, análises cartográficas e trabalhos de campo, o presente trabalho avaliou as evidências morfológicas que poderiam comprovar processos de rearranjo de drenagem na alta bacia hidrográfica do rio Branco na Amazônia Setentrional. Os resultados permitiram identificar uma série de evidências geomorfológicas integradas entre si e indicativas de processos de pirataria fluvial, com destaque para cotovelos de drenagem,baixos divisores e paleocanais fluviais. Sendo assim, confirmam que no passado os rios Uraricoera e Tacutu –formadores do rio Branco –integravam a Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Essequibo que desagua no Caribe. Porém, graças à erosão regressiva das paleo-cabeceiras do rio Branco foram interceptados e integrados à Bacia Amazônica.
ConVRgence (VRIC) Virtual Reality International Conference Proceedings
Authors: Richir Simon 
Published: July 2021

This document presents the proceedings of the VRIC - ConVRgence conference held on July 7-9, 2021. The conference was organized again this year in a particular context, that of the COVID-19 health crisis, and the usual dates were shifted from March to July to allow for a hybrid format both in-situ in Laval, and in the Laval Virtual World. We hope that next year will be back to normal, both in terms of organization and volume of submissions. We would like to thank the authors who submitted their research works, as well as the reviewers for their contributions.
Simon Richir, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Scientific Director of Laval VirtualOlivier Christmann, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Co-chairGeoffrey Gorisse, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, Co-chair.
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP OF THE SIX MOST ABUNDANT FISH SPECIES IN PRAWN FISHERY SEMI-FIXED TRAP BYCATCHES IN THE LOWER AMAZON REGION (PARÁ, BRAZIL)
Authors: IMBIRIBA Luan Campos , ZACARDI Diego Maia , LIMA Severino Adriano de Oliveira , SOUSA Raniere Garcez Costa 
Published: July 2021

In this study, the length-weight relationships (LWR) were estimated for six fish species captured during prawn fishing in the Lower Amazon region (Pará, Brazil). Prawn fishing boosts the socioeconomic development of riverine communities and is a relevant activity as a source of income and subsistence in this region. In addition, we registered new LWRs for the species Ossancora punctata and Hypoptopoma elongatum. The samplings were performed in prawn catches monthly from February 2018 to January 2019, using a "matapi" which consists of a semiââ‚¬"˜fixed trap that has a galvanized iron structure (2.5 m height by 2.0 m in length) and nylon mesh (1.40 x 1.60 mm mesh), and has two tapered openings to facilitate the entry and trapping of the prawn. The results show that 75% of the fish caught as prawn bycatches had not yet reached sexual maturity. Thus, it is clear that fisheries need to develop fishing gear that allow small fish to escape from the traps during the prawn fishery.
GROWTH OF <i>Geophagus brasiliensis</i> REARED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES AND FEEDING REGIMES
Authors: MEDINA Leone de Souza , EMERENCIANO Maurício Gustavo Coelho , BITTENCOURT Fábio , MELLO Giovanni Lemos de 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of Geophagus brasiliensis rearedb under distinct temperatures (24.3 Â± 0.9, 28.1 Â± 1.0, and 31.7 Â± 0.8Â°C) and feeding regimes (apparent satiety and a supply of 4% of the total biomass). About 500 wild-caught individuals were sorted and identified, to screen 180 fish to be used in the experiment (6.81 Â± 1.15 g and 7.51 Â± 0.47 cm). After a 55-day acclimatization period, the fish were distributed in experimental tanks, considering a double factorial randomized blocks scheme, composed of six treatments and three replicates. Growth performance parameters, somatic indexes and carcass yield were evaluated at the end of the experimental period (72 days). Fish fed to the point of apparent satiety presented higher (p <0.05) final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and hepatosomatic index. The animals reared at a temperature of 24.3Â°C displayed higher (p <0.05) final weight, weight gain, specific growth, hepatosomatic index, lower visceral fat, and feed conversion index. It was concluded that G. brasiliensis presents higher productive indexes when fed until apparent satiety and reared in temperatures close to 24.3Â°C.