bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Medial Tibial Plateau Can Be Used as a Direct Anatomical Reference for the Posterior Tibial Slope in Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Mori Shigeshi , Akagi Masao , Moritake Akihiro , Tsukamoto Ichiro , Yamagishi Kotaro , Inoue Shinji , Nakagawa Koichi , Togawa Daisuke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere has been no consensus about how to determine the individual posterior tibial slope (PTS) intraoperatively. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the tibial plateau could be used as a reference for reproducing individual PTS during medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) data from 48 lower limbs for medial UKA were imported into a three-dimensional planning software. Digitally reconstructed radiographs were created from the CT data as the lateral knee plain radiographs and the radiographic PTS angle was measured. Then, the PTS angles on the medial one-quarter and the center of the MTP (¼ and ½ MTP, respectively), and that on the medial tibial eminence (TE) were measured on the sagittal multiplanar reconstruction image. Finally, 20 lateral knee radiographs with an arthroscopic probe placed on the ¼ and the ½ MTP were obtained intraoperatively, and the angle between the axis of the probe and the tangent line of the plateau was measured. The mean radiographic PTS angle was 7.9 ± 3.0 degrees (range: 1.7–13.6 degrees). The mean PTS angles on the ¼ MTP, the ½ MTP, and the TE were 8.1 ± 3.0 degrees (1.2–13.4 degrees), 9.1 ± 3.0 degrees (1.4–14.7 degrees), and 9.9 ± 3.1 degrees (3.1–15.7 degrees), respectively. The PTS angles on the ¼ MTP and the ½ MTP were strongly correlated with the radiographic PTS angle (r =0.87 and 0.80, respectively, p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed between the mean angle of the radiographic PTS and the PTS on the TE (p < 0.01). The mean angle between the axis of the probe and the tangent line of the tibial plateau was −0.4 ± 0.9 degrees (−2.3–1.3 degrees) on the ¼ MTP and −0.1 ± 0.7 degrees (−1.5–1.2 degrees) on the ½ MTP, respectively. An area from the medial one-quarter to the center of the MTP could be used as an anatomical reference for the individual PTS.
Prevalence of Tinnitus in Patients Diagnosed with Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistula Treated with Endovascular Technique
Authors: Haas Leandro José , Sabel Bruno Rafael , Harger Mateus Campestrini , Martins Julia , Staedele Guilherme Voltolini , Camilo Liz Caroline de Oliveira , Marques Natalia Tozzi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Tinnitus is characterized as the conscious and involuntary perception of sound, and it affects ∼ 30% of the population. Despite careful physical examination, the etiology of tinnitus can be established for only 30% of patients. Tinnitus is a common symptom of cerebral arteriovenous fistulas and results from increased blood flow through the dural venous sinuses, leading to turbulent arterial flow, mainly related to sigmoid and transverse sinus lesions.
Objectives To analyze the frequency of tinnitus, patient profile, and endovascular treatment characteristics in individuals diagnosed with cerebral arteriovenous fistulas.
Methods A retrospective and observational study based on reviewed data from medical records on the PHILIPS Tasy system (Philips Healthcare, Cambridge, MA, USA) at the neurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology service of Hospital Santa Isabel in Blumenau–state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Results The profile of 68 individuals diagnosed with cerebral arteriovenous fistula who underwent endovascular treatment were analyzed. Most patients were female, aged 31 to 60. Tinnitus affected 18 individuals. Dural fistulas were the most prevalent in the sample, and computed tomography alone was the most used diagnostic method for initial investigation.
Conclusion The prevalence of this symptom in patients diagnosed with cerebral arteriovenous fistula was found in 26.5% of this sample, mainly in women with associated comorbidities. Tinnitus remission was observed in all patients who underwent endovascular treatment to correct cerebral fistula.
Optimization of the Lung Biopsy Procedure: A Primer
Authors: Lingegowda Dayananda , Gupta Bharat , Gehani Anisha , Sen Saugata , Ghosh Priya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImage-guided lung biopsy plays a very important role in the diagnosis and management of lung lesions. As a diagnostic tool, it demands a high diagnostic yield and a low complication rate. It is imperative to balance the diagnostic yield and patient safety during lung biopsies. The aim of this article is to review the standard practice guidelines of lung biopsy, to describe the techniques used to minimize the complications associated with lung biopsy, and to describe the management of complications.
2 Fundamental Principles of Organic Electrochemistry
Authors: Scheremetjew A. , Meyer T. H. , Lin Z. , Massignan L. , Ackermann L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter addresses the basic terminology of electrochemistry and its fundamental mechanisms of electron and mass transfer. The general setup and most important analytical methods are introduced to provide the reader with the theoretical prerequisites for the implementation of electrochemical transformations into organic synthesis.
7 Electrochemically Generated Nitrogen-Centered Radicals
Authors: Hou Z.-W. , Xu H.-C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNitrogen-centered radicals are versatile reactive intermediates for organic synthesis. This chapter describes recent progress in the electrochemical generation and reactions of nitrogen-centered radicals. Under electrochemical conditions, various nitrogen-centered radicals are generated through electrolysis of readily available precursors such as N—H bonds or azides. These reactive intermediates undergo addition reactions to π-systems or hydrogen-atom abstraction to generate various nitrogen-containing compounds.
8 Electrochemical Fluoroalkylation
Authors: Ruan Z. , Huang Z. , Kuciński K. , Ackermann L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis chapter reviews electrochemical fluoroalkylations. Reactions covered include trifluoromethylation, difluoromethylation, monofluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation as well as polyfluoroalkylation through direct electrolysis and indirect electrolysis.
11 Electrophotocatalysis
Authors: Galczynski J. , Huang H. , Lambert T. H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrocatalysis and photocatalysis have proven to be powerful strategies for molecular synthesis. Recently, methods that combine the power of light and electricity within a single catalyst have been reported. This area, termed electrophotocatalysis, offers new opportunities to promote challenging transformations. This chapter covers recent work in this area and demonstrates some of the possibilities offered by these approaches for rapidly constructing complex structures through the merger of electrochemical and photochemical energy.
12 Asymmetric Electrosynthesis
Authors: Yamamoto K. , Kuriyama M. , Onomura O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe merging of asymmetric synthesis and electrochemistry offers powerful and environ-mentally benign protocols for the synthesis of optically active compounds. As electro-chemical reactions are performed under unique conditions compared with conventional chemical reactions, a variety of chiral sources have been investigated to achieve efficient asymmetric induction. In this review, selected examples of enantioselective electrosyn-thesis by using chiral mediators, organocatalysts, metal catalysts, and modified electrodes under both electrooxidative and electroreductive conditions are described. These reactions are organized according to the type of chiral source employed. Asymmetric electrosynthesis via memory of chirality is also included.
15 Paired Electrolysis
Authors: Wu T. , Moeller K. D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile paired electrochemical reactions have a history that can be traced back to the 19th century and have been very effectively used for the production of commercial products, the larger synthetic community has only recently started to embrace the opportunities this approach offers to maximize the overall energy and atom efficiency of electrochemical processes. In this review, a summary of these efforts is presented in the context of four classes of paired electrochemical reactions. These classes of reaction involve parallel processing of products at the anode and cathode, divergent reactions that use a single starting material in different ways, convergent reactions that combine products made at the anode and cathode, and sequential reactions that pass a substrate between the electrodes.
Customer Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering and the Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Yue , Qi Jianfang , Chu Xiaoquan , Mu Weisong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn a competitive market, it is of great significance to divide customer groups to develop customer-centered personalized products. In this paper, we propose a customer segmentation method based on the K-means algorithm and the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. As the PSO algorithm easily falls into local extremum, the improved hybrid particle swarm optimization (IHPSO) algorithm is proposed to improve optimization accuracy. The full factorial design is used to determine the optimal parameter combination; the roulette operator is used to select excellent particles; then, the selected particles are crossed according to their adaptive crossover probabilities; when the population falls into a local optimum, the particles are mutated according to their adaptive mutation probabilities. Aimed at the K-means’ sensitivity to selecting the initial cluster centers, IHPSO is used to optimize the cluster centers (IHPSO-KM). We compare IHPSO with the PSO, LDWPSO, GA, GA-PSO and ALPSO algorithms on nine benchmark functions. We also conduct comparative experiments to compare IHPSO-KM with several conventional and state-of-the-art approaches on five UCI datasets. All results show that the two proposed methods outperform existing models. Finally, IHPSO-KM is applied in customer segmentation. The experimental results also prove the rationality and applicability of IHPSO-KM for customer segmentation.
The challenges of EMI for art and design students in the UAE
Authors: Jones Wayne , McKeown Kara , Littlewood Suzanne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
While there are a variety of reasons for implementing English medium instruction (EMI) at higher-education institutions (HEIs) worldwide, this decision is often made without consideration of its potential impact on student learning. Federal HEIs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are no exception. With English language admission standards at between 5.0 and 5.5 IELTS, students are frequently challenged to successfully complete the tasks required of them and faculty can be frustrated by the level of work they receive. This article describes the findings of a research project, conducted with Emirati art and design students at one of these HEIs, which identified challenges experienced by students and faculty in an EMI setting. A subsequent initiative investigating writing genres students need to be familiar with is also discussed. Finally, collaboratively developed teaching materials are also described. With appropriate contextual modifications, these initiatives could be replicated in EMI contexts elsewhere.
Characterizing Stand and Biomass Tables from Diameter Distribution Models: A Case Study for Mixed-Hardwood Forests in Eastern Tennessee, USA
Authors: Yang Sheng-I , Cao Quang V , Shoch David T , Johnson Trisha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Accurately assessing forest structure and productivity is critical to making timely management decisions and monitoring plant communities. This study aims to evaluate the prediction accuracy of site-level stand and biomass tables from the diameter distribution models. The efficacy of the single Weibull function and two finite mixture models was compared for six species groups on three mixed-hardwood sites in eastern Tennessee, USA. To evaluate model performance, two types of stand/biomass tables were generated. The first type was constructed from all species on a given site (site-specific), whereas the second type was built for a single species from all sites (species-specific).
Results indicate that both types of stand and biomass tables were consistently well quantified by the two-component mixture model in terms of goodness of fit, parsimony, and robustness. The two-component mixture model better characterized the complex, multimodal diameter distributions than the single Weibull model, which underpredicted the upper portion of the distributions. The three-component model tends to overfit the data, which results in lower prediction accuracy. Among the three models examined, the two-Weibull mixture model is suggested to construct site-level stand/biomass tables, which provides more reliable and accurate predictions to assess forest structure and product class.
Identification of α1,2-fucosylated signaling and adhesion molecules in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Montesino Brittany , Steenackers Agata , Lozano Juan M , Young Geoffrey D , Hu Nan , Sackstein Robert , Chandler Kevin Brown 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the world, and most cases manifest as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the prominent role of fucosylated carbohydrate antigens in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis, little is known about the functional role of fucose-modified glycoproteins in head and neck cancer pathobiology. Inactivating polymorphisms of the fut2 gene, encoding for the α1,2-fucosyltransferase FUT2, are associated with an increased incidence of head and neck cancer among tobacco users. Moreover, the presence of the α1,2-fucosylated Lewis Y epitope, with both α1,2- and α1,3-linked fucose, has been observed in head and neck cancer tumors while invasive regions lose expression, suggesting a potential role for α1,2-fucosylation in the regulation of aggressive tumor cell characteristics. Here, we report an association between fut2 expression and head and neck cancer survival, document differential surface expression of α1,2-fucosylated epitopes in a panel of normal, dysplastic, and head and neck cancer cell lines, identify a set of potentially α1,2-fucosylated signaling and adhesion molecules including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44 and integrins via tandem mass spectrometry, and finally, present evidence that EGFR is among the α1,2-fucosylated and LeY-displaying proteins in head and neck cancer. This knowledge will serve as the foundation for future studies to interrogate the role of LeY-modified and α1,2-fucosylated glycoproteins in head and neck cancer pathogenesis. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029420.
A longitudinal analysis of Italian manufacturing companies’ labor productivity in the period 2004–2013
Authors: Zeli Alessandro , Bini Matilde , Nascia Leopoldo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In Italy, productivity had a turning point in the second half of the 1990s, when it went into decline. During the last few years, productivity in Italy has been sluggish, with an even more marked decreasing trend. Studies on companies’ performances, regarding productivity growth, have highlighted different aspects and various concomitant factors. Many analyses focused on the lack of investment and productivity differentials related to export activity. Indeed, productivity growth is a multidimensional problem that can be approached by following the evolution of various factors, such as profitability, labor costs, growth of aggregate demand, and investment. This work aims at identifying and analyzing, at the microlevel, the determinants of labor productivity over the whole period 2004–2013, and in the two sub-periods before and after the 2007 crisis. The goal is to determine the factors that have most influenced the change in the productivity of manufacturing companies in the period considered. Moreover, we focus on those elements that permit firms to survive a crisis, and on the presence of other factors that can, instead, accelerate a crisis. To carry out this analysis, firms have to be tracked over time, so a panel of companies’ financial reports was used to create a transition matrix, and econometric models are proposed to estimate productivity determinants. We highlight the centrality of the labor market in explaining the main economic evolution, also in recent years, and the factors that have pushed Italy’s move towards a labor-intensive development model.
Revascularization strategies in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Van den Eynde Jef , Bomhals Katrien , Noé Dries , Jacquemyn Xander , McCutcheon Keir , Bennett Johan , Puskas John D , Oosterlinck Wouter 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Treatment modalities for multivessel disease have rapidly evolved, yet the preferred strategy remains controversial. This meta-analysis compared outcomes after on-pump (ONCAB), off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or hybrid coronary revascularization. A comprehensive search for observational studies and randomized controlled trials published by August 2020 was performed. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted for early (&lt;30 days) and late (&gt;12 months) outcomes. A total of 119 studies were included (n = 700 458 patients). The main analysis was confined to 31 randomized controlled trials (n = 24 932 patients). PCI was associated with lower early mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.79] and stroke (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.60) rates compared with ONCAB, whereas a reduced risk of early myocardial infarction was observed with OPCAB compared with ONCAB (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32–0.83). Late target vessel revascularization and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were both increased with PCI compared with ONCAB, OPCAB and hybrid coronary revascularization (by 127–203% and 59–64%, respectively), and late major adverse cardiac events were increased in PCI compared with ONCAB and OPCAB (by 64% and 59%). However, PCI was associated with a significantly lower risk of late stroke compared with ONCAB (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.89). Sensitivity analyses (i) including observational studies and (ii) limiting to studies with recent cohorts confirmed the findings of the main analysis. Surgical approaches for revascularization remain superior to PCI in patients with multivessel disease. Hybrid coronary revascularization might be viable for some patients, although more evidence from randomized controlled trials is warranted.
Endovascular treatment of traumatic aortic rupture using iliac extension stent-grafts in patients with small aortic diameters
Authors: Schibilsky David , Kondov Stoyan , Gottardi Roman , Kreibich Maximilian , Lehane Cornelius , Berger Tim , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Siepe Matthias , Czerny Martin , Rylski Bartosz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate outcomes after thoracic endovascular aortic repair in young patients sustaining traumatic blunt aortic injury (BAI) using iliac extension stent-grafts because of small aortic diameters measuring &lt;24 mm.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis regarding clinical presentation, trauma management, endovascular techniques and outcome of patients with a small descending aorta involving an iliac extension stent-graft to treat traumatic BAI.

RESULTS
Among 48 patients who suffered a BAI and underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair, 7 received iliac extension stent-grafts. They were 27.4/[standard deviation (SD): −13.1] years old and 6 out of 7 were male. The iliac extension stent-graft was used as distal stent-graft, and a thoracic stent-graft was used in most patients as proximal extension. We achieved overall technical success in all patients during a procedure lasting 92.6 (SD: 54.9) min. One patient died 2 days after the endovascular procedure of hypoxic brain injury, and another died after 17 days of liver failure. That patient had also suffered a spinal cord injury following the procedure, as the stent-graft had been deployed in Ishimaru Zone 2, and the carotid to subclavian bypass had to be omitted because of his critical condition. Control computed tomographic angiographs was available in 6 patients after 7.7 (SD: 5.1) days and showed no endoleak. The surviving patients were discharged after 18.4 (SD: 13.4) days.

CONCLUSIONS
Treating traumatic BAI using iliac extension stent-grafts in young patients with small aortic diameters is feasible. We observed no mortality caused by the BAI or related to endovascular therapy within this small patient cohort.
Performance output tracking for a one-dimensional unstable heat equation with input delay
Authors: Wang Li , Feng Hongyinping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the performance output tracking for a one-dimensional unstable heat equation with input delay and disturbance. Both the performance output and the disturbance are non-collocated to the controller. By writing the time delay as a transport equation, the control plant becomes a cascade system in which the transport equation can be regarded as the actuator dynamics of the unstable heat equation. As a result, the method of actuator dynamics compensation can be used. The difficulties caused by the non-collocated configuration are figured out in the method of trajectory planning. The full state feedback is presented to realize the output tracking, and an error based observer is constructed successfully. The exponential stability of the closed-loop system and the well-posedness of the observer are proved.
Cost-Effective Use of the Protein S Algorithm in Thrombophilia Testing
Authors: Rollins-Raval Marian A , Mitsios John V , Marlar Richard A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
One of the most complex risk factors for the laboratory assessment of thrombophilia is Protein S (PS). The testing algorithm for PS employs the plasma-based assays of free PS antigen, total PS antigen, and PS activity creating a complex diagnostic scheme that can lead to misdiagnosis if incorrectly used, and a potential waste of resources and money.

Content
This paper compares the recently published evidence-based algorithm from the International Society for Hemostasis and Thrombosis (ISTH) with several commonly performed nonevidence-based testing schemes, to demonstrate the efficiency of the evidence-based algorithm for diagnostic efficiency with improved patient care and increased cost savings for the laboratory.

Summary
Significant savings (31%–60%) can be realized when the evidence-based algorithm is used in place of other testing modalities of initial PS activity testing (31%) or testing with all 3 assays simultaneously (60%). This study utilizing the PS testing evidence-based algorithm as part of a thrombophilia evaluation demonstrates that the appropriate testing methods can be used to limit wasteful practices while achieving the maximum level of information in this time of limited resources and need for increase monetary savings.