bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon myopia: The urgent need for integrated social, economic and environmental action in the livestock sector
Authors: Harrison Matthew Tom , Cullen Brendan Richard , Mayberry Dianne Elizabeth , Cowie Annette Louise , Bilotto Franco , Badgery Warwick Brabazon , Liu Ke , Davison Thomas , Christie Karen Michelle , Muleke Albert , Eckard Richard John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLivestock have long been integral to food production systems, often not by choice but by need. While our knowledge of livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation has evolved, the prevailing focus has been—somewhat myopically—on technology applications associated with mitigation. Here, we (1) examine the global distribution of livestock GHG emissions, (2) explore social, economic and environmental co‐benefits and trade‐offs associated with mitigation interventions and (3) critique approaches for quantifying GHG emissions. This review uncovered many insights. First, while GHG emissions from ruminant livestock are greatest in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC; globally, 66% of emissions are produced by Latin America and the Caribbean, East and southeast Asia and south Asia), the majority of mitigation strategies are designed for developed countries. This serious concern is heightened by the fact that 80% of growth in global meat production over the next decade will occur in LMIC. Second, few studies concurrently assess social, economic and environmental aspects of mitigation. Of the 54 interventions reviewed, only 16 had triple‐bottom line benefit with medium–high mitigation potential. Third, while efforts designed to stimulate the adoption of strategies allowing both emissions reduction (ER) and carbon sequestration (CS) would achieve the greatest net emissions mitigation, CS measures have greater potential mitigation and co‐benefits. The scientific community must shift attention away from the prevailing myopic lens on carbon, towards more holistic, systems‐based, multi‐metric approaches that carefully consider the raison d'être for livestock systems. Consequential life cycle assessments and systems‐aligned ‘socio‐economic planetary boundaries’ offer useful starting points that may uncover leverage points and cross‐scale emergent properties. The derivation of harmonized, globally reconciled sustainability metrics requires iterative dialogue between stakeholders at all levels. Greater emphasis on the simultaneous characterization of multiple sustainability dimensions would help avoid situations where progress made in one area causes maladaptive outcomes in other areas.
Factors of feelings of happiness at work among staff in geriatric care facilities
Authors: Tei‐tominaga Maki , Nakanishi Miharu 
Published: July 2021

AimTo examine the factors influencing feelings of happiness at work among caregivers in geriatric care facilities.MethodsSelf‐reported questionnaires were distributed to caregivers (n = 1396) at 26 geriatric care facilities. The response rate was 68%. The questionnaire had items regarding feelings of happiness at work, professionalism in dementia care (i.e. intrinsic motivation), wage adequacy, and subscales of The Social Capital and Ethical Climate in the Workplace scale (extrinsic motivations), basic attributes, and work and organizational characteristics. Data pertaining to 632 staff members were used in the multivariable logistic regression for the group with high scores on feelings of happiness at work, by sex and occupation.ResultsHigher professionalism in dementia caregiving was more likely to occur in the high‐score groups among all staff (OR 1.21–1.55, P < 0.01). Female nurses and male professional caregivers with higher scores for social capital in the workplace (OR 3.11, P < 0.01; OR = 2.33, P < 0.05) and female professional caregivers with higher scores for ethical leadership (OR 1.78, P < 0.01) were more likely to be in the high‐score group for feelings of happiness at work, whereas male professional caregivers with perceived inadequacy of wages (OR 0.33, P < 0.05) were less likely to be in the high‐score group for feelings of happiness at work.ConclusionsThe findings underlined the important contributory factors of feelings of happiness at work, which could motivate stakeholders to enhance social capital, ethical leadership, and remuneration and other extrinsic rewards to improve staff well‐being. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 818–824.
A research agenda on oral health care as a boundary object that unites the perspectives of patients and practitioners
Authors: Hilverda Femke , van der Wouden Puck , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G. , Pittens Carina A. C. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContextA research agenda for oral health care was established in the Netherlands using the Dialogue Model. This project served as a case study in which we applied boundary‐work theory as a framework to understand boundaries (ie demarcations) between and within groups, and how these boundaries can be overcome.ObjectiveTo gain insights into the boundaries encountered when setting a research agenda, we analysed how this agenda served as a boundary object (ie circumstances, situations or material that connect actor groups and allow boundary crossing) that facilitated crossing boundaries and uniting the perspectives of patients and practitioners.MethodsWe used a thematic approach to analyse researchers' observations, meeting materials, emails, interviews with patients (n = 11) and a survey among patients and practitioners (n = 18).ResultsSetting the research agenda helped to cross boundaries in oral health care, which demonstrates its role as a boundary object. First, this made it possible to integrate research topics representing the perspectives and priorities of all patients and also to unite those perspectives. It was essential to involve practitioners at an early stage of the project so that they could better accept the patients' perspectives. This resulted in support for an integrated research agenda, which facilitated the crossing of boundaries.ConclusionsThe research agenda‐setting project was found to serve as a boundary object in uniting the perspectives and priorities of patients and practitioners.Patient contributionPatient involvement in this case study was structured in the process of research agenda setting using the Dialogue Model.
The long discourse on informality as reflected in selected articles of the International Labour Review
Authors: KANBUR Ravi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents a Centenary Issue on Informality to mark the 100th anniversary of the International Labour Review (ILR). The issue brings together ten articles published in the ILR between 1975 and 2016 that are devoted exclusively to the analysis of informality. This introduction begins with an analytical framework, considers the origins of the informality discourse and then discusses the articles in this Centenary Issue, locating them in the broader literature through illustrative rather than comprehensive referencing. It concludes by looking ahead to what the coming decades of analysis and policy discourse may bring.
Exploring the experience of acute inpatient mental health care from the perspective of family and carers of people experiencing psychosis: A qualitative thematic analysis study conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Wood Lisa , Constant Callam , Byrne Alison 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFamily and carers play an important role in supporting service users who are in receipt of acute mental health inpatient care, but they can also be significantly emotionally and physically impacted. The aim of this study was to examine their needs and priorities during this time. Fourteen family and carers of inpatients experiencing psychosis completed semi‐structured interviews examining their experiences of inpatient care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. Four key themes were identified: ‘A turbulent journey to hospital admission’, ‘I need information and support’, ‘Maintaining my relationship with my loved one’ and ‘Inpatient care is a mixed bag’. Each theme comprised four or five subthemes. The findings demonstrated that family and carers feel excluded from inpatient care and struggled to maintain contact with their loved ones, which was exacerbated by COVID‐19 related restrictions. Communication and being regularly informed about their loved one’s care, as well as visiting loved ones, was particularly problematic. Inpatient care needs to be more inclusive of family and carers and ensure they are kept in mind at every stage of the admission.
Instructing students on effective sequences of examples and problems: Does self‐regulated learning improve from knowing what works and why?
Authors: van Harsel Milou , Hoogerheide Vincent , Verkoeijen Peter , van Gog Tamara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNowadays, students often practice problem‐solving skills in online learning environments with the help of examples and problems. This requires them to self‐regulate their learning. It is questionable how novices self‐regulate their learning from examples and problems and whether they need support. The present study investigated the open questions (1) to what extent students' (novices) task selections align with instructional design principles and (2) whether informing them about these principles would improve their task selections, learning outcomes, and motivation. Higher education students (N = 150) learned a problem‐solving procedure by fixed sequences of examples and problems (FS‐condition), or by self‐regulated learning (SRL). The SRL participants selected tasks from a database, varying in format, complexity, and cover story, either with (ISRL‐condition) or without (SRL‐condition) watching a video detailing the instructional design principles. Students' task‐selection patterns in both SRL conditions largely corresponded to the principles, although tasks were built up in complexity more often in the ISRL‐condition than in the SRL‐condition. Moreover, there was still room for improvement in students' task selections after solving practice problems. The video instruction helped students to better apply certain principles, but did not enhance learning and motivation. Finally, there were no test performance or motivational differences among conditions. Although these findings might suggest it is relatively ‘safe’ to allow students to independently start learning new problems‐solving tasks using examples and problems, caution is warranted: It is unclear whether these findings generalize to other student populations, as the students participating in this study have had some experience with similar tasks or learning with examples. Moreover, as there was still room for improvement in students' task selections, follow‐up research should investigate how we can further improve self‐regulated learning from examples and practice problems.
Delayed heart rate recovery after exercise predicts development of metabolic syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Tae Yang , Hong Won‐Jung , Jin Sang‐Man , Hur Kyu Yeon , Jee Jae Hwan , Bae Ji Cheol , Kim Jae Hyeon , Lee Moon‐Kyu 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionSeveral cross‐sectional studies have shown that delayed heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there has been a lack of comprehensively designed longitudinal studies. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the longitudinal association of delayed HRR following a graded exercise treadmill test (GTX) with incident MetS.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of participants without MetS, diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. The HRR was calculated as the peak heart rate minus the resting heart rate after a 1 min rest (HRR1), a 2 min rest (HRR2), and a 3 min rest (HRR3). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to investigate the association between HRR and development of MetS.ResultsThere were 676 (31.2%) incident cases of MetS identified during the follow‐up period (9,683 person‐years). The only statistically significant relationship was between HRR3 and the development of MetS. The hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of incident MetS comparing the first and second tertiles to the third tertile of HRR3 were 1.492 (1.146–1.943) and 1.277 (1.004–1.624) with P = 0.003 after adjustment for multiple risk factors. As a continuous variable, the HR (95% CI) of incident MetS associated with each one‐beat decrease in HRR3 was 1.015 (1.005–1.026) with P = 0.004 after full adjustments. An HRR3 value ≤45 beats per minute (bpm) was associated with a higher risk of incident MetS compared with values >45 bpm, with an HR (95% CI) of 1.304 (1.061–1.602) and P = 0.001.ConclusionsThe slow phase of HRR, particularly HRR3, might be more sensitive at predicting the risk of MetS.
Fluorescence advanced videodermoscopy: a new method of hairs and scalp evaluation. Comparison with trichoscopy.
Authors: Rossi A. , Magri F. , Caro G. , Michelini S. , Di Fraia M. , Fortuna M.C. , Pellacani G. , Carlesimo M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionNon‐invasive diagnostic methods in clinical dermatology are widely used to reduce the need for invasive techniques, with great advantages in terms of cost and time. Dermoscopy is the reference test for the in vivo diagnosis of cutaneous lesions, and when it is performed on the scalp region it is named trichoscopy. Fluorescence advanced videodermoscopy (FAV) has been lately proposed as a new non‐invasive method for the in vivo skin examination at high magnification, with cell‐level resolution. So far, it has shown promising results for the assessment of melanocytic and vascular lesions and for the in vivo diagnosis of parasitosis.ObjectivesThis observational study aims to perform, for the first time, a morphologic study of healthy scalp and scalp elementary lesions using FAV and to compare it with trichoscopy.MethodsWe enrolled 90 healthy individuals for the evaluation of the scalp using FAV. Then, we recruited 53 patients with alopecia and collected images of the elementary lesions using FAV and trichoscopy.ResultsThree hundred healthy scalp FAV images of different epidermal layers, papillary dermis, follicular ostia and healthy hair shafts were collected. Three hundred and eighty FAV and trichoscopic images of alopecic scalp elementary lesions were collected, showing that FAV provided a more detailed observation than trichoscopy, with higher magnification and cellular resolution.ConclusionFluorescence advanced videodermoscopy may represent a new valid technique of support to trichoscopy, adding further information, increasing chances of diagnosis and decreasing the need of invasive procedures.
Phase separation in plants: New insights into cellular compartmentalization
Authors: Xu Xiumei , Zheng Canhui , Lu Dandan , Song Chun‐Peng , Zhang Lixin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA fundamental challenge for cells is how to coordinate various biochemical reactions in space and time. To achieve spatiotemporal control, cells have developed organelles that are surrounded by lipid bilayer membranes. Further, membraneless compartmentalization, a process induced by dynamic physical association of biomolecules through phase transition offers another efficient mechanism for intracellular organization. While our understanding of phase separation was predominantly dependent on yeast and animal models, recent findings have provided compelling evidence for emerging roles of phase separation in plants. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current knowledge of phase separation, including its definition, biophysical principles, molecular features and regulatory mechanisms. Then we summarize plant‐specific phase separation phenomena and describe their functions in plant biological processes in great detail. Moreover, we propose that phase separation is an evolutionarily conserved and efficient mechanism for cellular compartmentalization which allows for distinct metabolic processes and signaling pathways, and is especially beneficial for the sessile lifestyle of plants to quickly and efficiently respond to the changing environment.
Cuerpos de cobre: Extractivismo en Chuquicamata, Chile
Authors: Weinberg Marina 
Published: July 2021

Resumen¿Qué extraen y qué producen los extractivismos? El presente artículo intenta responder a esta pregunta analizando críticamente, la relación entre cuerpos, trabajo y mi‐nería principalmente bajo el modelo neoliberal chileno, en la mina estatal de cobre a tajo abierto más grande del planeta: Chuquicamata. Considero una aproximación biopolítica para entender dicha relación a partir del concepto “cuerpos de cobre”, que indaga cómo las subjetividades mineras se articulan en y desde las esferas más íntimas de quienes producen el ‘salario de Chile’. Además, inspirada en desarrollos de la ecología política, conecto esta biopolítica con la idea de “modos de apropiación”. Así, intentando enriquecer debates sobre extractivismos en América Latina a través de la consideración de la perspectiva dócil, pero también, potencialmente liberadora, de los trabajadores implicados, propongo que los cuerpos de cobre –en tanto fuerzas productivas– son una pieza fundamental para comprender el modo extractivista cuprífero de apropiación.
Estimating the transmissibility of hepatitis C: A modelling study in Yichang City, China
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhao Zeyu , Zhang Hao , Lin Qin , Wang Ning , Ngwanguong Hannah Mikah , Rui Jia , Yang Tianlong , Li Peihua , Mao Siying , Lin Shengnan , Liu Xingchun , Zhu Yuanzhao , Xu Jingwen , Yang Meng , Luo Li , Liu Chan , Li Zhuoyang , Deng Bin , Huang Jiefeng , Liu Weikang , Zhao Benhua , Su Yanhua , Chen Tianmu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractYichang is a city in central China in the Hubei Province. This study aimed to estimate the dynamics of the transmissibility of hepatitis C using a mathematical model and predict the transmissibility of hepatitis C in 2030. Data of hepatitis C cases from 13 counties or districts (cities) in Yichang from 2008 to 2016 were collected. A susceptible‐infectious‐chronic‐recovered (SICR) model was developed to fit the data. The transmissibility of hepatitis C at the counties or districts was calculated based on new infections (including infected or chronically infected cases) reported monthly in the city caused by one infectious individual (MNI). The trend of theMNIwas fitted and predicted using 11 models, with the coefficient of determination (R2) was being used to test the goodness of fit of these models. A total of 3065 cases of hepatitis C were reported in Yichang from 2008 to 2016. The medianMNIof Yichang was 0.0768. According to the fitting results and analysis, the trend of transmissibility of hepatitis C in Yichang City conforms with the logarithmic (R2 = 0.918,p < 0.001):MNI = 0.265−0.108 log(t) and exponential (R2 = 0.939,p < 0.001):MNI = 0.344e(−0.278t)models. Hence, the transmission of hepatitis C virus at the county level has a downward trend. In conclusion, the transmissibility of hepatitis C in Yichang has a downward trend. With the current preventive and control measures in place, the spread of hepatitis C can be controlled.
Effectiveness of standard urotherapy (basic bladder advice) and combination therapies in managing bladder dysfunction in children with treated behavioral disorders: Results of a prospective cohort (DABBED) study
Authors: Eliezer Dilharan D. , Samnakay Naeem , Starkey Malcolm R. , Deshpande Aniruddh V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsWe evaluated the efficacy of standard urotherapy and combination therapies in treatment of bladder dysfunction in children with treated behavioral disorders.MethodsProspective study of children (6‐16 years) with bladder dysfunction and behavioral disorders was conducted between March 2018‐2020. Eligible children were initially offered standard urotherapy and those with no response at 3 months were offered combination therapies. Symptomatic response, changes in Akbal score and PinQ score were reported at 6 months and outcomes were correlated to behavioral diagnoses and medications.ResultsThirty‐nine consecutive children (male = 27, mean age [SD] 10.3 [±2.0] years) were recruited, of whom 29 completed the study (five lost to follow‐up, three non‐compliant to treatment, two excluded). Thirty‐four (87%) children had attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (n = 11) and non‐monosymptomatic enuresis (n = 17) were the commonest diagnoses. Following 3‐month review, 14 (38%) children continued to receive standard urotherapy, while 15 (41%) children were transitioned to combination therapy. At 6‐month review, complete/partial response was seen in 62% (23/37) and no response in 16% (6/37); with 32% (12/37) responding to standard urotherapy alone. Akbal symptom scores (15.9‐11.5; P < 0.01) and PinQ scores (26.0‐19.5; P = 0.008) improved significantly at 6‐month follow‐up. Type of underlying behavioral disorder(s) or medications for behavioral disorder did not influence the outcomes.ConclusionThis study confirms that children with underlying behavioral disorders are able to have a good response to the appropriate therapy for their bladder dysfunction with a third of children responding to standard urotherapy alone.
Fungal community dynamics across a forest–alpine ecotone
Authors: Tonjer Lea‐Rebekka , Thoen Ella , Morgado Luis , Botnen Synnøve , Mundra Sunil , Nybakken Line , Bryn Anders , Kauserud Håvard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change is causing upward shift of forest lines worldwide, with consequences for soil biota and carbon (C) sequestration. We here analyse compositional changes in the soil biota across the forest line ecotone, an important transition zone between different ecosystems. We collected soil samples along transects stretching from subalpine mountain birch forests to alpine heath. Soil fungi and micro‐eukaryotes were surveyed using DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 and 18S markers, while ergosterol was used to quantify fungal biomass. We observed a strong shift in the soil biota across the forest line ecotone: Below the forest line, there were higher proportions of basidiomycetes and mucoromycetes, including ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Above it, we observed relatively more root‐associated ascomycetes, including Archaeorhizomycetes, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. Ergosterol and percentage C content in soil correlated strongly and positively with the abundance of root‐associated ascomycetes. The predominance of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi below the forest line probably promote high C turnover, while root‐associated ascomycetes above the forest line may enhance C sequestration. With further rise in forest lines, there will be a corresponding shift in the below‐ground biota, probably leading to enhanced release of soil C.