bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green hydrogen economy and opportunities for India
Authors: Sontakke Ujwal , Jaju Santosh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With increasing numbers of vehicles on roads, India is facing the issue of large vehicular emissions. The burning of crude oil is the major issue behind these emissions. India doesn’t have enough resources to fulfill all the energy demands of vehicles and hence, imports crude oil from oil-rich countries. To tackle the issues associated with oil imports and vehicular emissions, there is a need to search for carbon-free alternate fuel that is available locally in sufficient quantity to meet India’s energy demands. The green economy is a new concept evolving and gaining attention worldwide, the concept focuses on sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. Hydrogen is such a carbon-free fuel that can help to achieve the targets of the green economy and the best means to store energy for a long time. Hydrogen is a high energy content fuel and has about zero greenhouse gas emissions when used in fuel cells. Hydrogen is not directly available in free form, but it can be produced using electrolyzers and various other techniques. India’s continuously growing renewable power generation capacity gives the advantage to produce hydrogen from green sources like solar, and wind at the time of lower demand. The present review work focuses on the opportunities for India in green hydrogen production as the adaption of green hydrogen offers many benefits to India including energy security, and decarbonizing the transport sector.
Simulation-based Study of Graphene-water Nanofluid flow through Microchannel Heatsink
Authors: Bhattacharya Ritwik , Samanta Pranab 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study presents a CFD analysis of the laminar flow of graphene-water nanofluid through a Silicon microchannel heatsink using commercial software ANSYS FLUENT. The microchannel has a rectangular cross-section of given dimensions, and the base of the heatsink is subjected to a constant heat flux. Simulations of the coolant flow are performed at different fluid inlet velocities for nanoparticle concentrations of 0%, 3% and 6% in the base fluid-Water. Results for temperature and pressure distributions in the microchannel heatsink are presented. The cooling performance of the MCHS improves significantly by increasing the flow velocity and enhancing the nanoparticle concentration in the coolant.
Design and Analysis of Release Mechanism using Shape Memory Alloy for Spacecraft
Authors: Dahake Shrutika , Awate Nilesh , Shelke Rupesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shape memory alloy (SMA) is used as a smart material. It is also called as Nitinol and intelligent material because it regains their original shape after deformation. It works on the principle of shape memory effect which regain their original shape after passing through different temperature phases. SMA get some more attention in incoming years due to their superior and unique properties. This paper presents design and maximum stress analysis of release mechanism using SMA. It also covers the capability and efficiency of notch bolt of Frangibolt mechanism. Its design, calculation and analysis has done in CAD software and simulation software.
Aerodynamic analysis of aircraft model using indigenously developed wind tunnel facility
Authors: Makhija D , Jain S V , Achari A M , Ghosh K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a design of force balance setup that can measure lift force acting on the aircraft model. The setup was developed indigenously and installed in an open circuit low-speed wind tunnel. It mainly consists of two components viz. a traverse mechanism that can hold the model in the test section at different angles of attack and air speeds and a supporting frame to hold the traverse mechanism over it. The spring balances are used to obtain lift force readings at different angles and air speeds. The experimental and numerical investigations were done in the wide range of Reynolds number (range: 0.55 to 1.12 lakh) and angle of attack (range: -6° to 20°). The results are presented in terms of pressure contours, velocity contours, pressure coefficient and lift coefficient. From the experiments it was found that value of lift coefficient increases with angle of attack and stalling occurs at 18° for all the air speeds. However, in the numerical results the stalling was observed little earlier than 18° angle of attack. The experimental results were compared with CFD results and an average relative error of 18% was observed which may be due to assumption of 2-D airfoil in CFD analysis.
Design and analysis of smoke flow visualization apparatus for wind tunnel
Authors: Raval D , Jain S V , Acharii A M , Ghosh K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the present study, the design and analysis of smoke generator are done for the low-speed wind tunnel. The wind tunnel fan is fitted with the Variable Frequency Drive to produce the wind speed in the range of 3 to 32 m/s with fan speed of 150 to 1500 rpm. The design of smoke generator was done according to Preston Sweeting mist generator principle corresponding to the free stream velocity of 3 m/s. A controlled smoke generator consisting of kerosene reservoir, controlled heater, blower, liquid column height adjustment mechanism, valves etc. was designed and fabricated. The smoke generator produced the smoke at the rate of 154 cm3/s which was close to the design flow rate of 149 cm3/s. To supply the required quantity of smoke in the wind tunnel, the smoke rake of NACA 0010 profile was developed and installed in the rapid contraction section of the wind tunnel to achieve the streamlined flow. The parametric studies were done on the smoke generator at different power inputs and its effects were studied on smoke temperature, smoke discharge and boiling time of the kerosene. The flow visualization was carried out on NACA 0015 airfoil model and the images were captured to examine the flow physics around them under different operating conditions.
Free vibration analysis on axially graded beam resting on variable Pasternak foundation
Authors: Kumar Saurabh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Free vibration analysis is conducted on axially functionally graded Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on variable Pasternak foundation. The material properties of the beam and the stiffness of the foundation are considered to be varying linearly along the axial direction. Two types of boundary conditions namely; clamped and simply supported are used in the analysis. The problem is formulated using Rayleigh-Ritz method and governing equations are derived with the help of Hamilton’s principle. The numerical results are generated for different material gradation parameter, foundation parameter and boundary conditions and the effect of these parameters on the free vibration behaviour of the beam is discussed.
Numerical Simulation and Parametric Analysis of Fatigue Crack in UIC60 Rail Thermite Welded Joint
Authors: Sen Prakash Kumar , Bhiwapurkar Mahesh , Harsha S P 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The mechanism of rail-wheel contact is the most essential field of study in railway engineering since it requires extensive application expertise, diagnostic skills, and a trustworthy analysis technique. In this research the fatigue life of a UIC60 rail AT weld under vertical load and its parametric effect has been studied, and for that a three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element model is created using ANSYS space-claim software, and then finite element method is employed to analyse the full-scale model of wheel-track and weld system with realistic three-dimensional solution. Model assembly components include axle, wheel, and thermite-welded rail. Simulation of contact between wheel and UIC60 rail weld with crack on weld at angles of 30 and 60 degrees with different coefficients of friction between the weld wheel contact and between crack surfaces was carried out under vertical loadings. In general, the Hertz contact theory assumptions are taken into consideration throughout the analysis, and the impacts on fatigue life are given by using damage mechanics method. The results of the wheel/weld fatigue crack analysis have been displayed to demonstrate the influence of different parameters on the fatigue life of cracks. The purpose of this study is to identify and safeguard the rail against failure, as well as to ensure the safety of passengers and to reduce the cost of maintaining the rail system.
On the limits of quasi-static theory in plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Crotti Giulia , Schirato Andrea , Proietti Zaccaria Remo , Della Valle Giuseppe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The approximated analytical approach of quasi-static theory (QST) is widely used in modelling the optical response of plasmonic nanoparticles. It is well known that its accuracy is remarkable provided that the particle is much smaller than the wavelength of the interacting radiation and that the field induced inside the structure is approximately uniform. Here, we investigate the limits of QST range of validity for gold nanostructures freestanding in air. First, we compare QST predictions of scattering spectra of nanospheres and cylindrical nanowires of various sizes with the exact results provided by Mie scattering theory. We observe a non-monotonic behaviour of the error of QST as a function of the characteristic length of the nanostructures, revealing a non-trivial scaling of its accuracy with the scatterer size. Second, we study nanowires with elliptical section upon different excitation conditions by performing finite element numerical analysis. Comparing simulation results with QST estimates of the extinction cross-section, we find that QST accuracy is strongly dependent on the excitation conditions, yielding good results even if the field is highly inhomogeneous inside the structure.
Dominant acceptors in Li doped, magnetron deposited Cu2O films
Authors: Nyborg M , Karlsen K , Bergum K , Monakhov E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cu2O films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering with varying Li concentrations have been investigated by a combination of temperature-dependent Hall effect measurement and thermal admittance spectroscopy. As measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry, Li concentrations up to 5 × 1020 Li/cm3 have been achieved. Li doping significantly alters the electrical properties of Cu2O and increases hole concentration at room temperature for higher Li concentrations. Moreover, the apparent activation energy for the dominant acceptors decreases from around 0.2 eV for undoped or lightly doped Cu2O down to as low as 0.05 eV for higher Li concentrations.
Polymer assisted colloidal nanocrystal framework synthesis: sol-gel approach
Authors: Abebe Buzuayehu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The porous colloidal nanocrystal framework material was synthesized by sol-gel assembly followed by a self-propagation procedure. The characteristics of the synthesized nanocrystal were confirmed by advanced instruments. From the DTG analysis, the poly (vinyl alcohol) was completely degraded at 400 °C. The XRD pattern and TEM image confirmed the nanoscale crystallite size of the material. BET and SEM analysis showed the mesoporous type pore size distribution. The predictable compositional analysis was confirmed from EDX, SAED, and XPS compositional analysis. Using the HSAB theory and HRTEM image analysis the formation of local heterojunction between metal oxides was approved.
A preliminary study on cellulose acetate composite membranes: effect of nanoparticles types in their preparation and application
Authors: Boughdiri Aouatef , Ounifi Ibtissem , Chemingui Hajer , Ursino Claudia , Gordano Amalia , Zouaghi Mohamed Oussema , Hafiane Amor , Figoli Alberto , Ferjani Ezzedine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work reported a new perspective on improving the incorporation of nanoparticles(NPs) into membranes for several applications. Composite membranes were produced via the phase inversion method using cellulose acetate (CA) as the polymer, mixed with four different NPs: ZnO and Fe3O4 NPs were prepared by the co-precipitation method, while SiO2 and TiO2 NPs were commercial NPs. The impact of NPs on the membrane morphology was investigated by SEM and AFM. The composite CA membranes have been characterized by their contact angle, porosity, and water content. Membrane performance has been investigated in terms of water permeability and salt retention such as NaCl and Na2SO4. The produced CA composite membrane could be successfully applied for salt removal, particularly the CA-Fe3O4 composite membrane, which shows good water permeability (15.4 L/m2h bar) and higher salt rejection (93%).Consequently, the use of low-density hydrophilic NPs in the polymeric dope solution produces membranes with higher hydrophilicity and the ability to reduce the membrane fouling.
The effects of ion implantation damage to photonic crystal optomechanical resonators in silicon
Authors: Shakespeare Cliona , Loippo Teemu , Lyyra Henri , Muhonen Juha T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Optomechanical resonators were fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate that had been implanted with phosphorus donors. The resonators’ mechanical and optical properties were then measured (at 6 K and room temperature) before and after the substrate was annealed. All measured resonators survived the annealing and their mechanical linewidths decreased while their optical and mechanical frequencies increased. This is consistent with crystal lattice damage from the ion implantation causing the optical and mechanical properties to degrade and then subsequently being repaired by the annealing. We explain these effects qualitatively with changes in the silicon crystal lattice structure. We also report on some unexplained features in the pre-anneal samples. In addition, we report partial fabrication of optomechanical resonators with neon ion milling.
Aterian
Authors: Garcea Elena A.A. 
Published: November 2021

The Aterian is a North African late Middle Stone Age techno-complex. It is spread from the Atlantic coast in Morocco to the Middle Nile Valley in Sudan and from the Mediterranean hinterland to the Southern Sahara. Chronologically, it covers the period between c. 145,000 years bp and 29,000 bp, spanning across discontinuous, alternating dry (end of MIS 6 and MIS 4) and humid (MIS 5 and MIS 3) climatic phases. Few, but significant human remains indicate that the makers of the Aterian complex belong to early Homo sapiens. Their osteological features show affinities with the early anatomically modern human record in the Levant (Skhul and Qafzeh), suggesting that Aterian groups may have taken part in the initial dispersals out of Africa by Homo sapiens. Toolkits consist of a variety of implements not only made of stone but also of bone (points, spatulas, knives, and retouchers). They include tools that were lacking in earlier or other North African contemporary contexts, namely bifacial foliates, blades, perforators, burins, endscrapers, and particularly tanged pieces. Overemphasis on tanged tools often obscured the complexity of the Aterian, which instead displays a wide range of cultural and behavioral innovations. New mobility patterns and intra-site organization, as well as early symbolism with the use of Nassariidae shells and ochre, corroborate early fully complex behavior by these populations. Given the broad geographic and chronological extension of the Aterian, differences are evident at both local and regional scales. They suggest the development of a flexible and variable techno-complex mirroring considerable adaptive cognitive and behavioral plasticity derived from nonlinear processes. Such diversified behavioral experiments result from multiple and noncumulative trajectories due to different internal and external stimuli but are still part of a single cultural entity.
DeepCEL0 for 2D single-molecule localization in fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Cascarano Pasquale , Comes Maria Colomba , Sebastiani Andrea , Mencattini Arianna , Loli Piccolomini Elena , Martinelli Eugenio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Motivation
In fluorescence microscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) techniques aim at localizing with high-precision high-density fluorescent molecules by stochastically activating and imaging small subsets of blinking emitters. Super resolution plays an important role in this field since it allows to go beyond the intrinsic light diffraction limit.

Results
In this work, we propose a deep learning-based algorithm for precise molecule localization of high-density frames acquired by SMLM techniques whose ℓ2-based loss function is regularized by non-negative and ℓ0-based constraints. The ℓ0 is relaxed through its continuous exact ℓ0 (CEL0) counterpart. The arising approach, named DeepCEL0, is parameter-free, more flexible, faster and provides more precise molecule localization maps if compared to the other state-of-the-art methods. We validate our approach on both simulated and real fluorescence microscopy data.

Availability and implementation
DeepCEL0 code is freely accessible at https://github.com/sedaboni/DeepCEL0.
RCandy: an R package for visualizing homologous recombinations in bacterial genomes
Authors: Chaguza Chrispin , Tonkin-Hill Gerry , Lo Stephanie W , Hadfield James , Croucher Nicholas J , Harris Simon R , Bentley Stephen D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Summary
Homologous recombination is an important evolutionary process in bacteria and other prokaryotes, which increases genomic sequence diversity and can facilitate adaptation. Several methods and tools have been developed to detect genomic regions recently affected by recombination. Exploration and visualization of such recombination events can reveal valuable biological insights, but it remains challenging. Here, we present RCandy, a platform-independent R package for rapid, simple and flexible visualization of recombination events in bacterial genomes.

Availability and implementation
RCandy is an R package freely available for use under the MIT license. It is platform-independent and has been tested on Windows, Linux and MacOSX. The source code comes together with a detailed vignette available on GitHub at https://github.com/ChrispinChaguza/RCandy.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Graphical Gaussian process models for highly multivariate spatial data
Authors: Dey Debangan , Datta Abhirup , Banerjee Sudipto 
Published: November 2021

SummaryFor multivariate spatial Gaussian process models, customary specifications of cross-covariance functions do not exploit relational inter-variable graphs to ensure process-level conditional independence between the variables. This is undesirable, especially in highly multivariate settings, where popular cross-covariance functions, such as multivariate Matérn functions, suffer from a curse of dimensionality as the numbers of parameters and floating-point operations scale up in quadratic and cubic order, respectively, with the number of variables. We propose a class of multivariate graphical Gaussian processes using a general construction called stitching that crafts cross-covariance functions from graphs and ensures process-level conditional independence between variables. For the Matérn family of functions, stitching yields a multivariate Gaussian process whose univariate components are Matérn Gaussian processes, and which conforms to process-level conditional independence as specified by the graphical model. For highly multivariate settings and decomposable graphical models, stitching offers massive computational gains and parameter dimension reduction. We demonstrate the utility of the graphical Matérn Gaussian process to jointly model highly multivariate spatial data using simulation examples and an application to air-pollution modelling.
Lesion covariance networks reveal proposed origins and pathways of diffuse gliomas
Authors: Mandal Ayan S , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Seidlitz Jakob , Hart Michael G , Alexander-Bloch Aaron F , Suckling John 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Diffuse gliomas have been hypothesized to originate from neural stem cells in the subventricular zone and develop along previously healthy brain networks. Here, we evaluated these hypotheses by mapping independent sources of glioma localization and determining their relationships with neurogenic niches, genetic markers and large-scale connectivity networks. By applying independent component analysis to lesion data from 242 adult patients with high- and low-grade glioma, we identified three lesion covariance networks, which reflect clusters of frequent glioma localization. Replicability of the lesion covariance networks was assessed in an independent sample of 168 glioma patients. We related the lesion covariance networks to important clinical variables, including tumour grade and patient survival, as well as genomic information such as molecular genetic subtype and bulk transcriptomic profiles. Finally, we systematically cross-correlated the lesion covariance networks with structural and functional connectivity networks derived from neuroimaging data of over 4000 healthy UK BioBank participants to uncover intrinsic brain networks that may that underlie tumour development. The three lesion covariance networks overlapped with the anterior, posterior and inferior horns of the lateral ventricles respectively, extending into the frontal, parietal and temporal cortices. These locations were independently replicated. The first lesion covariance network, which overlapped with the anterior horn, was associated with low-grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase -mutated/1p19q-codeleted tumours, as well as a neural transcriptomic signature and improved overall survival. Each lesion covariance network significantly coincided with multiple structural and functional connectivity networks, with the first bearing an especially strong relationship with brain connectivity, consistent with its neural transcriptomic profile. Finally, we identified subcortical, periventricular structures with functional connectivity patterns to the cortex that significantly matched each lesion covariance network. In conclusion, we demonstrated replicable patterns of glioma localization with clinical relevance and spatial correspondence with large-scale functional and structural connectivity networks. These results are consistent with prior reports of glioma growth along white matter pathways, as well as evidence for the coordination of glioma stem cell proliferation by neuronal activity. Our findings describe how the locations of gliomas relate to their proposed subventricular origins, suggesting a model wherein periventricular brain connectivity guides tumour development.