bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirement of Jasmonate signaling for defense responses against Alternaria alternata and Phytophthora nicotiane in tobacco
Authors: Long Jingyu , Yang Mao , Zuo Cailian , Song Na , He Jun‐Min , Zeng Jianmin , Wu Jinsong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlternaria alternata and Phytophthora nicotianae are two major necrotrophic pathogens of tobacco. It is currently unknown whether they elicit the same suite of defense responses and whether jasmonate (JA) signaling plays an important role in the defense response of cultivated tobacco against these two pathogens. During transcriptome analysis, we found some conserved defense responses in the flue‐cured tobacco cultivar K326 against A. alternata and P. nicotianae. Of the top 20 significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, eight were shared in ‘K326’ plants inoculated with A. alternata or P. nicotianae; these included the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Induction of expression of the genes feruloyl‐CoA 6′‐hydroxylase 1 (F6’H1), 5‐epi‐aristolochene synthase (EAS), and 5‐epi‐aristolochene hydroxylase (EAH) for biosynthesis of the phytoalexins scopoletin (F6’H1) and capsidiol (EAS and EAH) was further confirmed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and they are representative genes of phenylpropanoid and sesquiterpenoid pathways. Further analysis showed that the levels of JA and JA‐Ile, and transcripts of allene oxide cyclase (AOC), the key enzyme gene for JA biosynthesis, were also significantly induced by both pathogens in ‘K326.’ Plants silenced for either AOC or Coronatine Insensitive 1 (COI1), the gene encoding the JA‐Ile receptor, were highly susceptible to infection by both pathogens. Taken together, our results show that defense responses, especially the activation of the pathways for biosynthesis of the phytoalexins scopoletin and capsidiol, are conserved in N. attenuata and cultivated tobacco infected by A. alternata and P. nicotianae, and provided compelling evidence for the role of JA signaling in the defense against these two pathogens.
Cross‐wired metal stents for endoscopic bilateral stent‐in‐stent deployment in malignant hilar biliary obstruction: A multicenter, single‐arm, prospective study
Authors: Yamao Kentaro , Ogura Takeshi , Shiomi Hideyuki , Eguchi Takaaki , Matsumoto Hisakazu , Li Zhao Liang , Hashimoto Hiroaki , Chiba Yasutaka , Takenaka Mamoru , Watanabe Tomohiro , Kudo Masatoshi , Sanuki Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe endoscopic bilateral stent‐in‐stent (SIS) deployment is a challenging procedure. Such difficulty is mainly caused by sticking of the tip of the delivery sheath into the self‐expandable metal stents (SEMSs) mesh, requiring an additional dilating procedure. Herein, we assessed the clinical results of using cross‐wired metal stent for endoscopic bilateral SIS deployment (BONASTENT M‐Hilar) in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) in both high‐volume and non‐high‐volume centers.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with MHBO between February 2016 and December 2018 at eight centers.ResultsForty‐six patients were enrolled during the study period. The proportions of technical success were 93.5% (43/46) and clinical success (CS) on intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses were 91.3% (42/46) and 93.0% (40/43), respectively. The proportion of an additional dilating procedure during the primary procedure was 50.0% (23/46). Recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) on intention‐to‐treat analysis occurred in 32.6% (15/46) of cases. Almost all of the events were caused by stent ingrowth (14/15). The median survival time and time to RBO were 255 and 349 days, respectively. The probability of stent patency at 3, 6, and 12 months was 86.5%, 63.9%, and 47.6%, respectively.ConclusionsThe cross‐wired metal stent had excellent technical and CS, although non‐high‐volume centers were included in this study (UMIN000021441).
Following Darwin’s footsteps: Evaluating the impact of an activity designed for elementary school students to link historically important evolution key concepts on their understanding of natural selection
Authors: Sá‐Pinto Xana , Pinto Alexandre , Ribeiro Joana , Sarmento Inês , Pessoa Patrícia , Rodrigues Leonor R. , Vázquez‐Ben Lucía , Mavrikaki Evangelia , Bernardino Lopes Joaquim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile several researchers have suggested that evolution should be explored from the initial years of schooling, little information is available on effective resources to enhance elementary school students’ level of understanding of evolution by natural selection (LUENS). For the present study, we designed, implemented, and evaluated an educational activity planned for fourth graders (9 to 10 years old) to explore concepts and conceptual fields that were historically important for the discovery of natural selection. Observation field notes and students’ productions were used to analyze how the students explored the proposed activity. Additionally, an evaluation framework consisting of a test, the evaluation criteria, and the scoring process was applied in two fourth‐grade classes (N = 44) to estimate elementary school students’ LUENS before and after engaging in the activity. Our results show that our activity allowed students to link the key concepts, resulting in a significant increase of their understanding of natural selection. They also reveal that additional activities and minor fine‐tuning of the present activity are required to further support students’ learning about the concept of differential reproduction.
Effects of spawning Pacific salmon on terrestrial invertebrates: Insects near spawning habitat are isotopically enriched with nitrogen‐15 but display no differences in body size
Authors: Rammell Nicola F. , Dennert Allison M. , Ernst Christopher M. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) spawn and die, they deliver marine‐derived nutrient subsidies to freshwater and riparian ecosystems. These subsidies can alter the behavior, productivity, and abundance of recipient species and their habitats. Isotopes, such as nitrogen‐15 (15N), are often used to trace the destination of marine‐derived nutrients in riparian habitats. However, few studies have tested for correlations between stable isotopes and physiological responses of riparian organisms. We examined whether increases in δ15N in terrestrial insect bodies adjacent to salmon spawning habitat translate to changes in percent nitrogen content and body size. This involved comparisons between distance from a salmon‐bearing river, marine‐derived nutrients in soils and insects, soil moisture content, and body size and nitrogen content in two common beetle families (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Carabidae). As predicted, δ15N in riparian soils attenuated with distance from the river but was unaffected by soil moisture. This gradient was mirrored by δ15N in the herbivorous curculionid beetles, whereas carabid beetles, which feed at a higher trophic level and are more mobile, did not show discernable patterns in their δ15N content. Additionally, neither distance from the river nor body δ15N content was related to beetle body size. We also found that nitrogen‐15 was not correlated with total percent nitrogen in insect bodies, meaning that the presence of spawning salmon did not increase the percent nitrogen content of these insects. We conclude that while salmon‐derived nutrients had entered terrestrial food webs, the presence of δ15N alone did not indicate meaningful physiological changes in these insects in terms of percent nitrogen nor body size. While stable isotopes may be useful tracers of marine‐derived nutrients, they cannot necessarily be used as a proxy for physiologically important response variables.
Who is the culprit: Is pest infestation responsible for crop yield losses close to semi‐natural habitats?
Authors: Raatz Larissa , Pirhofer Walzl Karin , Müller Marina E. H. , Scherber Christoph , Joshi Jasmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSemi‐natural habitats (SNHs) are becoming increasingly scarce in modern agricultural landscapes. This may reduce natural ecosystem services such as pest control with its putatively positive effect on crop production. In agreement with other studies, we recently reported wheat yield reductions at field borders which were linked to the type of SNH and the distance to the border. In this experimental landscape‐wide study, we asked whether these yield losses have a biotic origin while analyzing fungal seed and fungal leaf pathogens, herbivory of cereal leaf beetles, and weed cover as hypothesized mediators between SNHs and yield. We established experimental winter wheat plots of a single variety within conventionally managed wheat fields at fixed distances either to a hedgerow or to an in‐field kettle hole. For each plot, we recorded the fungal infection rate on seeds, fungal infection and herbivory rates on leaves, and weed cover. Using several generalized linear mixed‐effects models as well as a structural equation model, we tested the effects of SNHs at a field scale (SNH type and distance to SNH) and at a landscape scale (percentage and diversity of SNHs within a 1000‐m radius). In the dry year of 2016, we detected one putative biotic culprit: Weed cover was negatively associated with yield values at a 1‐m and 5‐m distance from the field border with a SNH. None of the fungal and insect pests, however, significantly affected yield, neither solely nor depending on type of or distance to a SNH. However, the pest groups themselves responded differently to SNH at the field scale and at the landscape scale. Our findings highlight that crop losses at field borders may be caused by biotic culprits; however, their negative impact seems weak and is putatively reduced by conventional farming practices.
Accounting for flow intermittence in freshwater species distribution modelling
Authors: Dalibard Manon , Laffaille Pascal , Sánchez‐Pérez José‐Miguel , Sauvage Sabine , Buisson Laëtitia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo forecast species responses to environmental changes, it is crucial to understand drivers of species distribution acting at multiple spatial and temporal scales. While hydrology is acknowledged as a key driver for freshwater species, most studies have been limited to perennial river flow regimes when exploring species distribution in rivers. We developed a method to characterize stream flow to subsequently account for flow intermittence in species distribution models (SDMs). First, we used the hydrological Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate flow in the French Pyrenees at fine spatial grain and large spatial extent. Several metrics characterizing flow intermittence were subsequently included in a SDM along with topographic, hydrographic, climatic and land use variables. We applied this methodology to an extensive data set of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) presence in France. This amphibian is highly dependent on aquatic habitats, and its distribution could be mainly driven by hydrological and climatic variables. We found that 60% of the stream network of the study area is intermittent. Maximum air temperature and proportion of agricultural areas contribution in explaining species distribution were the most important (26.3% and 21.2%, respectively). Both variables negatively influenced the probability of presence of the Pyrenean brook newt. We also found a negative correlation with the frequency of zero‐flow events (13%), emphasizing the role of flow intermittence in driving aquatic species distribution. Our study provides new insights into fine‐grained hydrology in the Pyrenees and illustrates intermittence characterization and mapping methods that could be applied elsewhere.
Change in liana density over 30 years in a Bornean rain forest supports the escape hypothesis
Authors: Newbery D. M. , Zahnd C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLiana dynamics may influence tree dynamics and vice versa. Only long‐term studies can perhaps disentangle them. In two permanent plots of lowland dipterocarp forest at Danum, a liana census in 1988 was repeated in 2018. The primary forest was still in a late stage of recovery from an inferred large and natural disturbance in the past. Mean number of lianas per tree decreased by 22% and 34% in plots 1 and 2, and in different ways. By 2018, there were relatively more trees with few lianas and relatively fewer trees with many lianas than in 1988. The redistribution was strongest for overstory trees of the Dipterocarpaceae (more with no lianas by 2018) and understory trees of the Euphorbiaceae (many losing high loads in especially plot 2). Proportion of trees with lianas increased overall by 3.5%. The number of lianas per tree showed a quadratic relationship with tree size: maximal for large trees, and fewer for smaller and very large trees. Tree survival and stem growth rate were significantly negatively related to the number of lianas after accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Monte Carlo random subsampling of trees in 1988 and 2018, to achieve statistical independence, established significance of change. Dipterocarps and euphorbs clearly differed in their liana dynamics between plots. Regression models had different forms for the two plots, which reflected a complicated structural–spatial variability in host–liana dynamics. Analysis of the abundant tree species individually highlighted a group of emergent dipterocarps with low liana counts decreasing with time. Building on an earlier hypothesis for this forest type and site, these very large trees appear to have been losing their lianas by branch shedding, as they moved into and out of the main canopy. They were evidently escaping from the parasite. The process may in part explain the characteristically very uneven forest canopy at Danum. Change in liana density was therefore contingent on both forest history and site succession, and plot‐level structure and tree dynamics. Liana promotion in the intermittent ENSO dry periods was seemingly being offset by closing of the forest and dominance by dipterocarps in late seral stages.
Pemphigus‐associated cardiomyopathy: report of autoimmune myocarditis and review of literature
Authors: Frustaci Andrea , Francone Marco , Verardo Romina , Scialla Rossella , Bagnato Giulia , Alfarano Maria , Chimenti Cristina , Frustaci Emanuela , Sansone Luigi , Russo Matteo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPemphigus is a rare disease characterized by bullous lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. The aetiology is autoimmune and related to the formation of IgG autoantibodies against desmogleins, which are structural proteins of desmosomes that ensure the stability of contacts between cells. Cardiac involvement in patients with pemphigus is poorly documented. We report the data in the literature on this topic and a case of pemphigus‐associated autoimmune myocarditis with damage of intercalated disc responding to immunosuppressive therapy. The occurrence of cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction in patients affected by pemphigus should be appropriately screened with endomyocardial biopsy as it could be the myocardial extension of a potentially reversible autoimmune disorder.
Natural history and progression of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: insights from ATTR‐ACT
Authors: Nativi‐Nicolau Jose , Judge Daniel P. , Hoffman James E. , Gundapaneni Balarama , Keohane Denis , Sultan Marla B. , Grogan Martha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTransthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) is a progressive, fatal disorder that remains underdiagnosed. The Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR‐ACT) was the first large clinical trial to include both wild‐type (ATTRwt) and hereditary (ATTRv) patients. A description of the natural history of ATTR‐CM, utilizing data from placebo‐treated patients in ATTR‐ACT, will provide a greater understanding of presentation and progression of ATTR‐CM and may aid in disease awareness, earlier diagnosis and treatment monitoring.Methods and resultsChanges in clinical endpoints (mortality, cardiovascular [CV]‐related hospitalizations, 6‐min walk test [6MWT] distance and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall Summary [KCCQ‐OS] score) from baseline to Month 30 in the 177 patients (134 ATTRwt, 43 ATTRv) who received placebo in ATTR‐ACT were assessed. ATTRwt patients tended to have less severe disease at baseline. Over the duration of ATTR‐ACT, there were 76 (42.9%) all‐cause deaths, and 107 (60.5%) patients had a CV‐related hospitalization. There was a lower proportion of all‐cause deaths in ATTRwt (49, 36.6%) than ATTRv (27, 62.8%). There was a similar, steady decline in mean (SD) 6MWT distance from baseline to Month 30 in ATTRwt (93.9 [93.7] m) and ATTRv (89.1 [107.2] m) patients. The decline in mean (SD) KCCQ‐OS score was less severe in ATTRwt (13.8 [20.7]) than ATTRv (21.0 [26.4]) patients.ConclusionsPatients with ATTR‐CM experience a severe, progressive disease. In ATTR‐ACT, placebo‐treated patients with ATTRv, compared with ATTRwt, had more severe disease at baseline, and their disease progressed more rapidly as shown by mortality, hospitalizations and quality of life over time.
Sediment transport at the network scale and its link to channel morphology in the braided Vjosa River system
Authors: Bizzi Simone , Tangi Marco , Schmitt Rafael J. P. , Pitlick John , Piégay Hervé , Castelletti Andrea Francesco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article we apply the CASCADE network‐scale sediment connectivity model to the Vjosa River in Albania. The Vjosa is one of the last unimpaired braided rivers in Europe and, at the same time, a data scarce environment, which limits our ability to model how this pristine river might respond to future human disturbance. To initialize the model, we use remotely sensed data and modeled hydrology from a regional model. We perform a reach‐by‐reach optimization of surface grain size distribution (GSD) and bedload transport capacity to ensure equilibrium conditions throughout the network. In order to account for the various sources of uncertainty in the calculation of transport capacity, we performed a global sensitivity analysis. The modeled GSD distributions generated by the sensitivity analysis generally match the six GSDs measured at different locations within the network. The modeled bedload sediment fluxes increase systematically downstream, and annual fluxes at the outlet of the Vjosa are well within an order of magnitude of fluxes derived from previous estimates of the annual suspended sediment load.We then use the modeled sediment fluxes as input to a set of theoretically derived functions that successfully discriminate between multi‐thread and single‐thread channel patterns. This finding provides additional validation of the model results by showing a clear connection between modeled sediment concentrations and observed river morphology. Finally, we observe that a reduction in sediment flux of about 50% (e.g., due to dams) would likely cause existing braided reaches to shift toward single thread morphology. The proposed method is widely applicable and opens a new avenue for application of network‐scale sediment models that aid in the exploration of river stability to changes in water and sediment fluxes.
Four‐dimensional elastically deformed simplex space‐time meshes for domains with time‐variant topology
Authors: von Danwitz Max , Antony Patrick , Key Fabian , Hosters Norbert , Behr Marek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConsidering the flow through biological or engineered valves as an example, there is a variety of applications in which the topology of a fluid domain changes over time. This topology change is characteristic for the physical behavior, but poses a particular challenge in computer simulations. A way to overcome this challenge is to consider the application‐specific space‐time geometry as a contiguous computational domain. In this work, we obtain a boundary‐conforming discretization of the space‐time domain with four‐dimensional simplex elements (pentatopes). To facilitate the construction of pentatope meshes for complex geometries, the widely used elastic mesh update method is extended to four‐dimensional meshes. In the resulting workflow, the topology change is elegantly included in the pentatope mesh and does not require any additional treatment during the simulation. The potential of simplex space‐time meshes for domains with time‐variant topology is demonstrated in a valve simulation, and a flow simulation inspired by a clamped artery.
Hydroalkylation of Styrenes with Benzylamines by Potassium Hydride
Authors: Pang Jia Hao , Wang Bin , Watanabe Kohei , Takita Ryo , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA method for the synthesis of 1,3‐diarylpropylamines through hydroalkylation of styrenes with benzylamines by potassium hydride has been developed. The protocol is initiated by solvothermal treatment of benzylamines with KH at 100 °C to generate deprotonated anionic species, which undergo selective C‐alkylation with arylalkenes at 0 °C to ambient temperature to afford 1,3‐diarylpropylamines as the major product.
Predicting child problem behaviour at school age: The role of maternal sensitivity, child temperament and theory of mind
Authors: Licata‐Dandel Maria , Wenzel Anne Sophie , Kristen‐Antonow Susanne , Sodian Beate 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present longitudinal study aims at investigating the interplay between child temperament, mother–child interaction quality and child Theory of Mind (ToM) at preschool age with regard to the development of child problem behavior at school age in 115 participants. Maternal sensitivity and child temperament were assessed when children were 4 years old. At 5 years of age, child ToM was assessed. At 8 years of age, child problem behavior was assessed. Results showed that child problem behavior was independently predicted by child temperamental negative affectivity and maternal sensitivity. The current study underlines the important role of both endogenous as well as exogenous factors for healthy child development.
Comparison on binding interactions of quercetin and its metal complexes with calf thymus DNA by spectroscopic techniques and viscosity measurement
Authors: Luo Huajian , Liang Yu , Zhang Huiying , Liu Yi , Xiao Qi , Huang Shan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuercetin (Qu) and its metal complexes have received great attention during the last years, due to their good antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. In this contribution, binding interactions of Qu and Qu–metal complexes with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) were investigated and compared systematically by using spectroscopic techniques and viscosity measurement. UV‐vis absorption spectra of ctDNA–compound systems showed obvious hypochromic effect. Relative viscosity and melting temperature of ctDNA increased after the addition of Qu and Qu–metal complexes, and the change tendency is Qu–Cr(III) > Qu–Mn(II) > Qu–Zn(II) > Qu–Cu(II) > Qu. Fluorescence competition experiments show that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interaction play an important role in the intercalative binding of Qu and Qu–metal complexes with ctDNA. Qu and Qu–metal complexes could unwind the right‐handed B‐form helicity of ctDNA and further affect its base pair stacking. Space steric hindrance might be responsible for the differences in the intercalative binding between ctDNA and different Qu–metal complexes. These results provide new information for the molecular understanding of binding interactions of Qu–metal complexes with DNA and the strategy for research of structural influences.