bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of land use and ecological variables on trematode prevalence and intensity at the salt marsh‐upland ecotone
Authors: Gehman Alyssa‐Lois M. , Mahaffey Morgan , Byers James E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHuman‐altered shorelines make up approximately 14% of the coastline in the United States, with consequences for marsh ecosystems ranging from altered physical and biological variables, to direct loss of intertidal marsh habitat, to diminished land–sea connectivity. Trophically transmitted parasites that require connectivity between upland host species and marsh host species to complete their complex lifecycles could be particularly sensitive to the effects of shoreline alterations. They can additionally respond to gradients in natural physical and biological factors, including the host communities, that are often sharp at the land–sea ecotone. Across 27 salt marshes over 45 km, we evaluated the effects of environmental variables and three types of land use (undeveloped; single‐house adjacent to the marsh with small‐scale shoreline armoring; and single‐house adjacent to the marsh without shoreline armoring), on infection prevalence and intensity of the trematode Microphallus basodactylophallus in its second intermediate crab host, Minuca pugnax. The first intermediate hosts of M. basodactylophallus are Hydrobiid snail species that are obligate marsh residents, while the definitive hosts are terrestrial rodents and raccoons. Thus, trematode transmission must depend on cross‐boundary movement by the definitive hosts. We found that although there was a trend of lower infection prevalence at undeveloped forested sites, there was no significant effect of adjacent land development on infection prevalence or intensity. Instead host, biotic and abiotic factors were correlated with infection; namely, larger M. pugnax had higher prevalence and intensity of M. basodactylophallus, and higher soil moisture and lower density of the ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa) were associated with increased M. basodactylophallus prevalence. The small, indirect influence of upland development suggests that movement of definite hosts across the ecotone may be largely unaffected. Further, the robust trematode levels signify the ecosystem and the species interactions, upon which its complex lifecycle depends, are largely intact.
Time‐varying trend models for forecasting inflation in Australia
Authors: Guo Na , Zhang Bo , Cross Jamie L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate whether a class of trend models, which decompose a time series into an underlying trend and transitory component, with various error term structures can improve upon the forecast performance of commonly used time series models when forecasting consumer price index (CPI) inflation in Australia. The main result is that trend models tend to provide more accurate point and density forecasts at medium to long forecasting horizons compared with conventional autoregressive and Phillips curve models. The best medium‐term point forecasts come from a trend model with stochastic volatility in the transitory component and that with a moving average component, whereas long‐run point forecasts are better made by trend models with stochastic volatilities and a moving average component. In a full sample study, we also find that trend models can capture various dynamics in periods of significance to the Australian economy which conventional models cannot. This includes the dramatic reduction in inflation when the RBA adopted inflation targeting, a one‐off 10% Goods and Services Tax inflationary episode in 2000, and then gradually decline in inflation since 2014.
Spatial beta‐convergence forecasting models: Evidence from municipal homicide rates in Colombia
Authors: Santos‐Marquez Felipe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe forecasting power of different methods is tested utilizing crime data for 1120 inland municipalities in Colombia. Using data from 2003 to 2018, five different forecasting methods are used: ETS, ARIMA, STAR, a classical beta convergence based model, and a spatial beta convergence model. First, it is shown that overall municipal crime disparities are steadily decreasing over time. This indicates that convergence and spatial effects are pivotal for the study of the dynamics of crime in Colombian municipalities. Time series cross‐validation for 4‐year ahead forecasts is implemented to assess the accuracy of all models. It is found that the STAR and the beta models have the lowest root mean squared errors. Therefore, as time goes by, space appears to play a more important role in the evolution of homicide rates. The paper concludes with some policy implications in terms of spatial effects and the mitigation of crime.
Influence of fermentation time on proximate composition and microbial loads of Enset, (Ensete ventricosum), sampled from two different agroecological districts
Authors: Desta Derese Tamiru , Kelikay Gezhagn Nigusse , Zekwos Meskelu , Eshete Mesfin , Reda Hailu Hailemariam , Alemayehu Fikadu Reta , Zula Aemiro Tadesse 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn southern Ethiopian households, kocho is one of the staple foods which can be kept longer and fermented naturally using locally prepared pits, but evidence about the influences of fermentation of kocho at a different time and agroecology on proximate compositions and microbial loads are limited. Fermented kocho samples at different fermentation times were collected from highland and midland districts of Sidama region of Ethiopia. The standard procedure of AOAC (2005) method was followed. Four microbiological load analyses were conducted. Factorial analysis using JMP 13 was conducted. Across the fermentation time, total carbohydrate, ash, crude protein, and crude fat ranged 36%–40%, 1.9%–3.2%, 3%–4.3%, and 0.1%–0.3%, respectively. The highest total ash content was observed in week one of fermentation both in midland and highland samples. However, in midland, the increment of fermentation time showed a reduction of total ash percentage. Crude protein and fat were observed similar both in midland and highland (p > .05). The titrable acidity of Kocho varied from 0.16% to 0.22%. It was shown that it increased in the first three months of fermentation. It was also found to be increased as the fermentation time is increasing. Aerobic mesophilic, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and mold were highly observed in Kocho as compared to Enterobacteriaceae. The loads varied across the fermentation time. Enterobacteriaceae and yeast and mold count of Kocho decreased with increased fermentation time. In conclusion, agroecology did not affect crude protein percentage as the fermentation time is increased. However, it was shown that fermentation increases protein and fat percentages. The increment of the acidic contents may also suppress the microbial growth for better food safety of kocho products.
Evidence for glutamine synthetase function in mouse spinal cord oligodendrocytes
Authors: Ben Haim Lucile , Schirmer Lucas , Zulji Amel , Sabeur Khalida , Tiret Brice , Ribon Matthieu , Chang Sandra , Lamers Wouter H. , Boillée Séverine , Chaumeil Myriam M. , Rowitch David H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGlutamine synthetase (GS) is a key enzyme that metabolizes glutamate into glutamine. While GS is highly enriched in astrocytes, expression in other glial lineages has been noted. Using a combination of reporter mice and cell type‐specific markers, we show that GS is expressed in myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL) but not oligodendrocyte progenitor cells of the mouse and human ventral spinal cord. To investigate the role of GS in mature OL, we used a conditional knockout (cKO) approach to selectively delete GS‐encoding gene (Glul) in OL, which caused a significant decrease in glutamine levels on mouse spinal cord extracts. GS cKO mice (CNP‐cre+:Glulfl/fl) showed no differences in motor neuron numbers, size or axon density; OL differentiation and myelination in the ventral spinal cord was normal up to 6 months of age. Interestingly, GS cKO mice showed a transient and specific decrease in peak force while locomotion and motor coordination remained unaffected. Last, GS expression in OL was increased in chronic pathological conditions in both mouse and humans. We found a disease‐stage dependent increase of OL expressing GS in the ventral spinal cord of SOD1(G93A) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Moreover, we showed that GLUL transcripts levels were increased in OL in leukocortical tissue from multiple sclerosis but not control patients. These findings provide evidence towards OL‐encoded GS function in spinal cord sensorimotor axis, which is dysregulated in chronic neurological diseases.
Physical activity and disordered eating behaviours: Are Caribbean adolescents at risk?
Authors: Harrison Abigail N. , Rocke Kern D. , James Bateman Caryl , Bateman Andre , Chang Susan M. 
Published: August 2021

Excessive physical activity (PA) has been linked to increased risk for disordered eating behaviours and eating disorders. This study investigates the relationship between PA and disordered eating behaviours and attitudes (DEBAs) among Jamaican adolescents. This cross‐sectional study included 521 adolescents, 12–19 years. Anthropometric measurements were collected, and adolescents completed questionnaires on disordered eating behaviours (EAT‐26), physical activity, self‐esteem and affect. Associations were assessed using sex‐specific mixed‐effect linear and logistic regression models. Participants reported exercising an average of 3 days per week. Adolescents who exercised for a longer duration had greater odds of having elevated EAT‐26 scores (at least 1 hour‐OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.03, 4.06; p = .042), while a higher exercise frequency among males (3–5 days per week) was protective against DEBAs (OR 0.38; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.88; p = .025). Female adolescents reported higher prevalence of elevated EAT‐26 scores than males (p < .01). Increased negative affect increased odds of an elevated EAT‐26 score. Exercise duration and frequency play a role in disordered eating behaviours in Jamaican adolescents and vary by gender. Our findings have implications for weight management interventions and policies, encouraging healthcare providers to monitor PA levels as well as negative affect in adolescents who display disordered eating behaviours.
Major depression and generalised anxiety disorder: An analysis of the effects of remission status and comorbidity on mother‐infant emotional availability in the perinatal period
Authors: Aran Pavitra , Lewis Andrew , Watson Stuart , Galbally Megan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of maternal depression on mother‐infant relationship quality likely vary according to depression heterogeneity. We investigated the effects of different presentations of major depression on mother‐infant emotional availability (EA).MethodsData were obtained from 115 mother‐infant dyads from a longitudinal pregnancy cohort. Disorders, symptoms, and antidepressant use were assessed in pregnancy and postpartum, and EA was observed 6‐month postpartum. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM‐5. A series of multivariate analyses of covariance analyses' examining the effects of disorder on EA were conducted.ResultsAfter controlling for maternal age, antidepressant use, and postpartum depressive symptoms, MDD accounted for 20% of the variance in EA. In the MDD/GAD group, 93% of interactions were rated as emotionally unavailable, nearly threefold the comparison group rate.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate that different presentations of major depression are associated with observed differences in mother‐infant EA.
What Sources Are Natural Resource Managers Using to Make Decisions?
Authors: Barrett Kyle , Rodriguez Shari L. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTNatural resource management is more effective when it includes collaboration among numerous stakeholders who bring multiple perspectives to the decision‐making process. In particular, many individuals and organizations (e.g., The Wildlife Society) have advocated for decisions to be science‐based as a means for improving management outcomes. But there has been little research evaluating the sources, science‐based or otherwise, used by natural resource agencies to support decision‐making at the state‐level within the United States. We surveyed state natural resource agency personnel in all 50 states to assess the sources of information used to make management decisions and the factors that influenced selection of the sources. Approximately 60% of respondents reported using ≥3 different source types when making recommendations. Existing management plans, the peer‐reviewed scientific literature, and expert opinion were the most frequently used sources. Perception of source relevance was the most frequent predictor of source use, and the number of management plans a manager had previously written positively predicted the use of management plans, expert opinion, and personal experiences. Ninety percent of respondents reported that increased use of the peer‐reviewed literature would or might improve management recommendations. Aspects of academic and agency cultures influenced which articles or journals were used to make recommendations. Our findings indicate managers support the use of peer‐reviewed literature as an important component of management decision‐making; however, if the goal is to improve the flow of information between scientists and managers, researchers should publish in journals that are readily accessible to managers and present results in a way that clearly articulates relevance to management decisions. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Efficacy of Povidone‐Iodine Nasal Irrigation Solution After Sinonasal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Wu Po‐Hsuan , Cheng Ping‐Chia , Chang Chih‐Ming , Lo Wu‐Chia , Cheng Po‐Wen 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy of postoperative nasal irrigation with povidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) solution in patients undergoing sinonasal surgery.Study DesignSingle‐blind, randomized controlled study.MethodsThis is a prospective, single‐blind, randomized controlled study. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and hypertrophic inferior turbinates who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and inferior turbinate reduction were enrolled in the study. Patients were evaluated using the Taiwanese version of the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (TWSNOT‐22), rhinomanometry, endoscopic examination, and bacterial cultures. One week after the operation, patients were randomly assigned to either a 0.1% PVP‐I nasal irrigation group or a control (normal saline) irrigation group. We then compared the two groups' results to illustrate the effects of nasal irrigation with PVP‐I solution following sinonasal surgery.ResultsOf the 55 patients that completed the study, 27 patients were in the PVP‐I group and 28 were in the control group. In both groups, the TWSNOT‐22 scores, Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic scores, and total nasal resistance (TNR) all revealed significant improvements at 3 months postoperatively compared with preoperative measurements (all, P < .05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in TWSNOT‐22, endoscopic, or TNR scores 3 months after the operation (all, P > .05).ConclusionsA dilute 0.1% PVP‐I nasal irrigation as a postoperative care modality after sinonasal surgery did not provide additional benefit compared with normal saline irrigation.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 132:1148–1152, 2022
Defect Management and Multi‐Mode Optoelectronic Manipulations via Photo‐Thermochromism in Smart Windows
Authors: Wu Xiao , Lin Jinfeng , Xu Ze , Zhao Chunlin , Lin Cong , Wang Huajing , Lin Tengfei , Zheng Xinghua , Sa Baisheng , Zhang Qiwei , Wang Ke , Sun Zhimei , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSmart windows with adjustable transmittance via physical stimuli are eagerly desired for sorts of energy‐saving lighting systems. However, reciprocal trade‐off relationship such as high transparency and coloration/discoloration ability exists in smart windows, not conducive to optical‐electrical coupling and leap in performance. Substituting for common composites utilized in smart windows, here, single transparent ceramic‐based smart windows are reported through composition design and defect management strategies to regulate the optoelectronic performances and break off the contradictions between optical transmittance, photo‐thermochromism and electrical conductivity. By first principles calculations and precisely tuning Er3+, Ba2+, Sr2+ concentrations in non‐stoichiometric Er‐doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3‐(Ba, Sr)TiO3, the fabricated ceramics exhibit brilliant transparency and multi‐mode dramatical and reversible modulations of pellucidity, photoluminescence intensity, along with conductivity (over fivefold variation), enabling prominent optoelectronic information storage and modulating capacity in vivid potential applications, such as easy‐readout/erasable optical memorizers, photo‐memristors and anti‐counterfeiting displays.
Compounded with hemoglobin Port Phillip and ‐α4.2 or ‐‐SEA deletions were identified in Chinese population
Authors: Du Li , Bao Xiuqin , Qin Danqing , Wang Jicheng , Yao Cuize , Liang Jie , Chen Jianhong , Yin Aihua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough over 1000 hemoglobin (Hb) variants were identified so far, Hb Port Phillip compound with α‐thalassemia deletion had no reported before.MethodsTwo patients and the associated families from Guangdong province in China were recruited. Hematological parameters were determined by blood routine examination and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Genotyping was performed by Gap‐PCR and Sanger sequencing.ResultsOne patient was diagnosed as Hb Port Phillip, while her daughter was compounded with ‐α4.2 deletion, with normal Hb level (150 g/L), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 108.4 fl and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (30.5 pg). Another patient was diagnosed as compound Hb Port Phillip and ‐‐SEA deletion. This proband presented with more severe α‐thalassemia trait than the patient compounded with ‐α4.2 deletion, with hemoglobin 80 g/L, MCV 61.7 fl, and MCH 18.7 pg.ConclusionHere we first time identified two patients compound with Hb Port Phillip and ‐α4.2 and ‐‐SEA deletions, respectively, which had never been reported. Our study widens the genotypes of hemoglobinopathy and provides reference for genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis in this population.
Accessibility tools and resources: A reminder to create inclusive content
Authors: Talarico Donna 
Published: August 2021

When you're creating social media graphics, downloadable lead magnets, new academic program pages for your website, and email newsletters, are you keeping accessibility in mind? I certainly hope so. It's not only required by federal law for many colleges and universities, but it's simply the right thing to do — and will most likely lead to a better experience for all, not just for students with disabilities.
Is the Nagoya Protocol designed to conserve biodiversity?
Authors: Sirakaya Aysegul 
Published: August 2021

Societal Impact StatementWe have entered a monumental era in terms of realizing the impact of biodiversity loss on our everyday lives. We suffer from the consequences of biodiversity loss due to overexploitation of natural resources as we continue failing to restore biodiversity. One of the major consequences of biodiversity loss is the emergence of global pandemics. We are in urgent need of realizing the full potential of all of the international legal instruments on creating incentives for biodiversity conservation. Access and benefit‐sharing or ABS is an international legal framework implemented with the hopes that it would provide such incentives. Therefore, a legal analysis on whether ABS is designed to achieve biodiversity conservation is of crucial importance in achieving international conservation targets.Summary

The international ABS regime was put in place with the hope that it would aid the international community in conserving biodiversity and thereby attaining its international conservation targets.
This paper conducts an empirical analysis of all of the relevant documents generated during the negotiations of the Nagoya Protocol, the major international legal instrument on ABS, to determine whether the design of the regulatory mechanisms do indeed lead to creating such incentives for conservation.
Throughout the negotiations for the Nagoya Protocol, many suggestions were made by the Parties and relevant stakeholders regarding how ABS would result in creating incentives for biodiversity conservation. While some presuppose that benefit‐sharing will inherently result in biodiversity conservation, others specify some economic incentives which would then generate such incentive that would result in governments directing the received benefits into conservation activities.
The paper then moves on to analysing the adopted text of the Nagoya Protocol with the aim of mapping the obligations of Parties to channel benefits into conservation. It is concluded that the design of the Nagoya Protocol does not intrinsically lead to biodiversity conservation but benefit‐sharing is a tool that can be directed towards biodiversity conservation.
Mathematical Modelling on Extinction of Metallized Composite Solid Propellant Under a Sudden Drop in Pressure
Authors: Yu. Krainov Alexey , Poryazov Vasiliy A. , Krainov Dmitry A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a physico‐mathematical combustion model of the metallized composite solid propellant (MCSP), which takes into account the chemical reactions in the condensed and gas phases. The model describes convection and diffusion of the propellant components in the two‐phase flow over the fuel surface and combustion of the aluminium particles emitted from the fuel. The constructed model provides the opportunity to calculate the fuel combustion rate under the constant and variable pressure. The obtained calculation results of the MCSP combustion rate using the model are in good agreement with the known experimental data. The manuscript also provides data on the modelling of the MCSP extinction under the sudden pressure change. According to the conducted numerical simulations, the value of the pressure drop, leading to the fuel extinction, depends on the mass fraction of the aluminium powder in the fuel composition and its dispersion. With an increase in the mass fraction of the aluminium powder and/or a decrease in the size of the aluminium particles emitting from the fuel surface, the extinction process occurs at a greater value and under a higher rate of the pressure drop. The numerical simulation has also shown that the addition of the aluminium powder to the composition of the propellant increases the combustion stability under the sudden drop in pressure over the combustion surface.