bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Long‐Distance Measurement‐Device‐Independent Quantum Key Distribution By Four‐Intensity Protocol
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Long , Jiang Cong , Yu Zong‐Wen , Wang Xiang‐Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) can provide unconditionally secure private communication between two remote parties. The measurement‐device‐independent (MDI) QKD can remove all security loopholes in measurement devices. However, the large value of the observed error rate in X basis has severely limited its key rate. The four‐intensity protocol with fully optimized post data processing can improve the key rate and distance of MDI‐QKD effectively. In this paper, the four‐intensity MDI‐QKD protocol is reviewed. In the four‐intensity protocol, each of Alice and Bob uses one intensity in Z basis and three intensities in X basis (normally including one vacuum). This improves the number of effective bits in Z basis. The joint mathematical treatment for statistical fluctuation and the parameter scan pointing directly to the final key rate are applied to reduce the effect of statistical fluctuation. The double scanning method further improves the key rate and the secure distance of the four‐intensity protocol. These have greatly improved the performance of the protocol with finite‐key effects. So far, many MDI‐QKD experiments are based on the four‐intensity protocol. The successful results of these experiments have clearly shown the superiority of the four‐intensity protocol in practical long‐distance MDI‐QKD.
Imaging Spin‐Wave Damping Underneath Metals Using Electron Spins in Diamond
Authors: Bertelli Iacopo , Simon Brecht G. , Yu Tao , Aarts Jan , Bauer Gerrit E. W. , Blanter Yaroslav M. , van der Sar Toeno 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpin waves in magnetic insulators are low‐damping signal carriers that can enable a new generation of spintronic devices. The excitation, control, and detection of spin waves by metal electrodes is crucial for interfacing these devices to electrical circuits. As such, it is important to understand metal‐induced damping of spin‐wave transport, but characterizing this process requires access to the underlying magnetic films. Here it is shown that electronic sensor spins in diamond enable imaging of spin waves that propagate underneath metals in magnetic insulators. This capability is then used to reveal a 100‐fold metal‐induced increase in spin‐wave damping. The damping enhancement is attributed to spin‐wave‐induced electrical currents as well as, above a certain frequency, three‐magnon scattering processes. This interpretation is supported by deriving expressions for the current‐induced damping and the three‐magnon threshold from the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation that agree well with the observations. The detection of buried scattering centers further highlights the technique's power for assessing spintronic device quality. These results open new avenues for studying metal – spin‐wave interactions and provide access to interfacial processes such as spin‐wave injection via the spin‐Hall effect.
Bankfull shear velocity predicts embeddedness and silt cover in gravel streambeds
Authors: Czuba Jonathan A. , Hirschler Mallory , Pratt Elizabeth A. , Villamagna Amy , Angermeier Paul L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExcess fine sediment (<2 mm) deposition on gravel streambeds can degrade habitat quality for stream biota. Two measures of fine sediment deposition include embeddedness and silt cover (<62.5 μm). Embeddedness measures fine sediment in interstitial pore spaces, whereas silt cover, primarily deposited during low flows, measures fine sediment draped on the streambed's surface. Here, we demonstrate that a baseline level of embeddedness and a maximum value of silt cover can be predicted from bankfull shear velocity, which can be estimated from river channel and streamflow characteristics, independently of knowing the sediment supply. We derive an equation for bankfull shear velocity that only requires knowing bankfull flow, channel width, and channel slope, which can be readily obtained in the United States from freely available, remotely sensed data. We apply this methodology to data collected at 30 sites in the Piedmont region of Virginia and North Carolina. This work is an important step in developing statistical models of stream ecosystems in which geophysical variables can predict embeddedness and silt cover, which commonly limit biotic assemblages.
Hollow Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilevers with Nanoscale Wall Thicknesses
Authors: Cha Wujoon , Campbell Matthew F. , Hasz Kathryn , Nicaise Samuel M. , Lilley Drew E. , Sato Takaaki , Carpick Robert W. , Bargatin Igor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn atomic force microscopy, the cantilever probe is a critical component whose properties determine the resolution and speed at which images with nanoscale resolution can be obtained. Traditional cantilevers, which have moderate resonant frequencies and high quality factors, have relatively long response times and low bandwidths. In addition, cantilevers can be easily damaged by excessive deformation, and tips can be damaged by wear, requiring them to be replaced frequently. To address these issues, new cantilever probes that have hollow cross‐sections and walls of nanoscale thicknesses made of alumina deposited by atomic layer deposition are introduced. It is demonstrated that the probes exhibit spring constants up to ≈100 times lower and bandwidths up to ≈50 times higher in air than their typical solid counterparts, allowing them to react to topography changes more quickly. Moreover, it is shown that the enhanced robustness of the hollow cantilevers enables them to withstand large bending displacements more readily and to be more resistant to tip wear.
Biomechanical Motion‐Activated Endogenous Wound Healing through LBL Self‐Powered Nanocomposite Repairer with pH‐Responsive Anti‐Inflammatory Effect
Authors: Yuan Renqiang , Yang Ning , Fan Shanwen , Huang Yueru , You Dan , Wang Jieran , Zhang Qianli , Chu Cuilin , Chen Zaozao , Liu Ling , Ge Liqin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWound care is still worthy of concern, and effective measures such as electrical stimulating therapy (EST) have sparked compellingly for wound repair. Especially, portable and point‐of‐care EST devices get extremely desired but these are often limited by inevitable external power sources, lack of biological functions, and mechanical properties conforming to skin tissue. Herein, a dress‐on‐person self‐powered nanocomposite bioactive repairer of wound is designed. As such, the cooperation of the film prepared by layer‐by‐layer self‐assembling 2‐hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC), alginate (ALG), and poly‐dopamine/Fe3+ nanoparticles (PFNs), with a self‐powered nanogenerator (SN) driven by motion into a nanocomposite repairer (HAP/SN‐NR) is conducted. The HAP/SN‐NR not only guides cell behavior (proliferation and migration rate ≈61.7%, ≈52.3%), but also facilitates neovascularization (enhanced CD31 expression >4‐fold) through its self‐powered EST, and the endogenous wound closure with no inflammatory in rats owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐clearance of HAP/SN‐NR in vitro/vivo through responsively releasing poly‐dopamine nanoparticles at wound pH. Enormous efforts illustrate that the repairer is endowed with high self‐adhesion to tissue, self‐healing, and biodegradation, accelerating wound healing (50% closure ≈5 days). This strategy sheds light on novel multifunctional portable sensor‐type dressings and propels the development of intelligent medical devices.
Experimental investigation and prediction on the effects of glass and bamboo fibers as key mixture parameters in reinforced concretes using support vector regression
Authors: Mathew Ance , Muthukannan Muthiah , Ramaswamy Sankaralingam Narayanasamy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNowadays, reinforcement of fiber is necessary for concrete to enhance its quality with mechanical characteristics. The main objective of this work is to determine the mechanical properties of bamboo and glass fiber reinforced concrete. In concrete, E‐glass and bamboo fibers are mixed with three different proportions such as 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25. Cubical‐, beam‐, and cylindrical‐shaped concrete structures are developed for mechanical testing. After the curing period, the cubical structures are utilized for compressive strength testing, the cylindrical specimen for split tensile testing, and the beam‐shaped specimen for flexural strength testing. From the outcomes, 1% fiber substance (glass and bamboo fiber proportions of 75:25) provides better split tensile strength 4.13 N/mm2, compressive strength 42.08 N/mm2, and flexural strength 7.7 N/mm2. The comparative analysis of the proposed concrete composition with the conventional concrete mixture is also carried out. The experimental results are validated using support vector regression, and such predicted outcomes are closer to the experimented values. Furthermore, the ETABS platform is utilized for validating the proposed hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) with single reinforcement‐like glass particles. In which, the testing properties like bending moment, shear force, and axial force are favorable for the HFRC.
Study on mechanical properties of macro‐synthetic fiber‐reinforced iron ore tailings concrete
Authors: Zhao Jiangshan , Su Youpo , Shi Yunxing , Wang Qingxuan , Ni Kun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMacro‐synthetic fiber‐reinforced iron ore tailings (IOT) concrete is an environment‐friendly building material featured by recycling IOT and improving performance of IOT concrete due to fiber incorporation. In this study, the mechanical properties of macro‐synthetic fiber‐reinforced concrete incorporating IOT were investigated. Two different replacement ratios of IOT (i.e., 0% and 50%) and six types of macro‐synthetic fibers at 1.0 vol% were adopted to investigate the effects of IOT, aspect ratio, elastic modulus, and tensile strength of macro‐synthetic fibers on mechanical properties of concrete. The results indicate that the concrete with IOT for natural sand (NS) replacement in 50 wt% demonstrates no loss in compressive strength and a minor loss of 7.67% in fracture energy, but the incorporation of IOT lowers splitting tensile strength and limit of proportionality, especially the splitting tensile strength with a decrease of 18.50%. The splitting tensile strength, equivalent flexural tensile strength, residual flexural tensile strength, and fracture energy were notably improved by adding macro‐synthetic fibers. Experimental results using Tukey test and Student's t test demonstrated that the fiber aspect ratio was more effective in improving equivalent flexural tensile strength, residual flexural tensile strength, and fracture energy than the elastic modulus and tensile strength of fibers, and the residual flexural tensile strength fR,4 was enhanced by 146.34% when increasing the fiber aspect ratio from 36 to 60.
Enabling the Facile Synthesis of Arenes by Transition Metal Catalyzed Decarbonylation Methodology
Authors: Sinha Soumya Kumar , Roy Triptesh Kumar , Modak Atanu , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed decarbonylation is an essential paradigm of synthetic organic chemistry. Decarbonylation offers a unique pathway to decoding the skeletal structure of arenes and enabling easy synthesis of structurally complicated molecules. Due to the omnipresence of carbonyl groups in a wide array of synthetically important complex molecules, the variety and scope of these transformations are enormous. As a result, the development of transition metal catalysts in such a simple decarbonylation reaction ranks among one of the most important topics in synthetic organic chemistry. Transition metals that have been employed range from 3d metals like V to second‐row transition metals like Pd. The growing potential of this methodology has driven the pioneers of synthetic organic chemistry into delving into the details of this transition metal‐catalyzed decarbonylation pathways. This review aims to take the readers through the employment of transition metals in various decarbonylation processes developed by our group, sticking not only to the scope and diversification of synthetically complex molecules, but also enabling the readers to understand the mechanistic insights, through computational and kinetic studies put forward in such reaction protocol, hoping to pave the way for future organic chemists to delve and hopefully solve the unique problems associated with this protocol.
Lack of evidence for differences in the spread of classic (Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1) and novel (Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2) rabbit haemorrhagic disease viruses in Europe and North Africa
Authors: Aguayo‐Adán Juan Antonio , Rouco Carlos , Delibes‐Mateos Miguel , Santoro Simone 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFast‐spreading diseases affecting wildlife populations threaten biodiversity. Two caliciviruses, Lagovirus europaeus/GI.1 and Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2, caused rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in wild rabbits. Despite having different characteristics, these variants spread quickly, posing a threat to wild rabbit populations.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a thorough review of the scientific literature and reports of international organisations of first detections of both variants of RHDV in the Euro‐Mediterranean region. We concentrated on this area to avoid bias due to intentional human introductions.ResultsThe estimated mean spread rate of GI.2 was higher than that of GI.1 (GI.2: 479 km/year, range: 47–7346; GI.1: 330 km/year, 37–6248). These differences were not statistically significant. This lack of difference may be due to the interactions between each variant's virulence characteristics. Humans may have a dominant effect on their spread. Potential limitations associated with the observational process could have hindered our ability to identify statistical differences.ConclusionsThe lack of difference in the spread patterns of the two variants could be due to a biological cause, human facilitation or a lack of statistical power. Adapting protocols to detect diseases in wildlife using homogeneous criteria will be indispensable in the coming years.
Modulating hypoxia inducible factor‐1 by nanomaterials for effective cancer therapy
Authors: Sun Yun , Zhou Zhiguo , Yang Shiping , Yang Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHypoxia, which is induced by abnormal tumor growth when it outstrips its oxygen supply, is a major character of cancer. The reaction of cells against hypoxia is mainly concentrated on the hypoxia‐induced transcription factors (HIFs), especially HIF‐1, which remain stabilized during hypoxia. Additionally, the oxygen‐independent mechanism of regulating HIF‐1 acts a vital part in different stages of tumor progression as well as chemo‐/radio‐/PDT resistance, resulting in poor curative effects and prognosis. In this review, we will outline the up‐to‐date information about how HIF‐1 interferes with tumor metastasis and therapy resistance, followed by a detailed introduction of motivating techniques based on various nanomaterials to interfere with HIF signaling for effective cancer therapy.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Functional analyses of mitoribosome 54S subunit devoid of mitochondria‐specific protein sequences
Authors: Santos Barbara , Zeng Rui , Jorge Sasa F. , Ferreira‐Junior Jose Ribamar , Barrientos Antoni , Barros Mario H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mitoribosomes are composed of a 54S large subunit (mtLSU) and a 37S small subunit (mtSSU). The two subunits altogether contain 73 mitoribosome proteins (MRPs) and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). Although mitoribosomes preserve some similarities with their bacterial counterparts, they have significantly diverged by acquiring new proteins, protein extensions, and new RNA segments, adapting the mitoribosome to the synthesis of highly hydrophobic membrane proteins. In this study, we investigated the functional relevance of mitochondria‐specific protein extensions at the C‐terminus (C) or N‐terminus (N) present in 19 proteins of the mtLSU. The studied mitochondria‐specific extensions consist of long tails and loops extending from globular domains that mainly interact with mitochondria‐specific proteins and 21S rRNA moieties extensions. The expression of variants devoid of extensions in uL4 (C), uL5 (N), uL13 (N), uL13 (C), uL16 (C), bL17 (N), bL17 (C), bL21 (24), uL22 (N), uL23 (N), uL23 (C), uL24 (C), bL27 (C), bL28 (N), bL28 (C), uL29 (N), uL29 (C), uL30 (C), bL31 (C), and bL32 (C) did not rescue the mitochondrial protein synthesis capacities and respiratory growth of the respective null mutants. On the contrary, the truncated form of the mitoribosome exit tunnel protein uL24 (N) yields a partially functional mitoribosome. Also, the removal of mitochondria‐specific sequences from uL1 (N), uL3 (N), uL16 (N), bL9 (N), bL19 (C), uL29 (C), and bL31 (N) did not affect the mitoribosome function and respiratory growth. The collection of mutants described here provides new means to study and evaluate defective assembly modules in the mitoribosome biogenesis process.
Reconciling Higgs physics and pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter in the S2HDM using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Biekötter Thomas , Olea-Romacho María Olalla 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate a possible realization of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone (pNG) dark matter in the framework of a singlet-extended 2 Higgs doublet model (S2HDM). pNG dark matter gained attraction due to the fact that direct-detection constraints can be avoided naturally because of the momentum-suppressed scattering cross sections, whereas the relic abundance of dark matter can nevertheless be accounted for via the usual thermal freeze-out mechanism. We confront the S2HDM with a multitude of theoretical and experimental constraints, paying special attention to the theoretical limitations on the scalar potential, such as vacuum stability and perturbativity. In addition, we discuss the complementarity between constraints related to the dark matter sector, on the one hand, and to the Higgs sector, on the other hand. In our numerical discussion we explore the Higgs funnel region with dark matter masses around 60 GeV using a genetic algorithm. We demonstrate that the S2HDM can easily account for the measured relic abundance while being in agreement with all relevant constraints. We also discuss whether the so-called center-of-galaxy excesses can be accommodated, possibly in combination with a Higgs boson at about 96 GeV that can be the origin of the LEP- and the CMS-excess observed at this mass in the b$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

-quark and the diphoton final state, respectively.
Generalized holographic cosmology: low-redshift observational constraint
Authors: Khimphun Sunly , Lee Bum-Hoon , Tumurtushaa Gansukh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Four-dimensional cosmological models are studied on a boundary of a five-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS5) black hole with AdS Reissner-Nordström and scalar charged Reissner-Nordström black hole solutions, where we call the former a “Hairless” black hole and the latter a “Hairy” black hole. To obtain the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime metric on the boundary of the AdS5 black hole, we employ Eddington-Finkelstein (EF) coordinates to the bulk geometry. We then derive modified Friedmann equations on a boundary of the AdS5 black hole via AdS/CFT correspondence and discuss its cosmological implications. The late-time acceleration of the universe is investigated in our models. The contributions coming from the bulk side is treated as dark energy source, and we perform MCMC analyses using observational data. Compared to the ΛCDM model, our models contain additional free parameters; therefore, to make a fair comparison, we use the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to analyze our results. Our numerical analyses show that our models can explain the observational data as reliable as the ΛCDM model does for the current data.
Apoptosis resistance of senescent cells is an intrinsic barrier for senolysis induced by cardiac glycosides
Authors: Deryabin Pavel I. , Shatrova Alla N. , Borodkina Aleksandra V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTargeted elimination of senescent cells, senolysis, is one of the core trends in the anti-aging therapy. Cardiac glycosides were recently proved to be a broad-spectrum senolytics. Here we tested senolytic properties of cardiac glycosides towards human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cardiac glycosides had no senolytic ability towards senescent hMSCs of various origins. Using biological and bioinformatic approaches we compared senescence development in ‘cardiac glycosides-sensitive’ A549 and ‘-insensitive’ hMSCs. The absence of senolysis was found to be mediated by the effective potassium import and increased apoptosis resistance in senescent hMSCs. Weakening “antiapoptotic defense” predisposes hMSCs to senolysis. We revealed that apoptosis resistance, previously recognized as a common characteristic of senescence, in fact, is not a general feature of senescent cells. Moreover, only apoptosis-prone senescent cells are sensitive to cardiac glycosides-induced senolysis. Thus, we can speculate that the effectiveness of senolysis might depend on whether senescent cells indeed become apoptosis-resistant as compared to their proliferating counterparts.
Graphic abstract
Free Flap microvascular pharyngeal closure results in improved dysphagia-specific quality of life following total laryngectomy
Authors: Cleere Eoin F. , Mamdouh Sherif , Devoy-Flood Emma , O’Callaghan Marie-Therese , Martin Fiachra , O’Sullivan John B. , Shine Neville , O’Neill James P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Total laryngectomy (TL) as either a primary or salvage treatment strategy remains an effective oncologic operation in the management of laryngeal cancer. Dysphagia is the most common complication following TL and this has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life (QOL). Following removal of the larynx, a number of pharyngeal closure techniques exist. We aimed to evaluate the effect pharyngeal closure techniques have on dysphagia-specific QOL postoperatively.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients who had undergone TL at our institution (2014–2019). Patients alive at the time of study were invited to complete the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI). Outcomes were compared among Primary Closure (PC), Pedicled Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap (PMMF) and Free Flap (FF) closure groups.

Results
There were 27 patients identified for inclusion. Eight patients (30%) underwent PC, 10 patients (37%) had PMMF-assisted closure and 9 patients (33%) underwent FF-assisted closure. Patients within the FF group scored consistently higher MDADI scores across all subscales (emotional, functional, physical, global) as well as composite MDADI score in comparison to the PC and PMMF groups. FF closure was associated with a reduced inpatient length of stay (LOS). Additionally, no significant differences in postoperative morbidity including rates of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula (PCF) were observed between groups.

Conclusions
We now advocate FF closure for our patients following salvage TL due to the improved dysphagia-specific QOL, reduced inpatient LOS and lack of additional surgical morbidity.
Level of evidence, Level III, therapeutic/prognostic study.