bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave ablation induces Th1-type immune response with activation of ICOS pathway in early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Wenbin , Yu Muxin , Pan Hong , Qiu Wen , Wang Hui , Qian Mengjia , Che Nan , Zhang Kai , Mao Xinrui , Li Li , Wang Ruoxi , Xie Hui , Ling Lijun , Zhao Yi , Liu Xiaoan , Wang Cong , Ding Qiang , Wang Shui 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundDespite great advances in the treatment of breast cancer, innovative approaches are still needed to reduce metastasis. As a minimally invasive local therapy (not standard therapy for breast cancer), microwave ablation (MWA) has been attempted to treat breast cancer, but the local effect and immune response induced by MWA have seldom been reported.MethodsThe clinical study was performed to determine the complete ablation rate of MWA for early-stage breast cancer. Secondary endpoints included safety and antitumor immune response. 35 subjects from this clinical study were enrolled in the current report, and the local effect was determined by pathological examinations or follow-up. To investigate MWA-induced immune response, patients treated with surgery (n=13) were enrolled as control, and blood samples were collected before and after MWA or surgery. The immune cell populations, serum cytokines, secretory immune checkpoint molecules, and T-cell receptor sequencing were analyzed.ResultsOf 35 enrolled patients, 32 (91.4%) showed complete ablation. Compared with surgery, MWA induced significantly increased levels of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS)+ activated CD4+ T cells and serum interferon gamma, indicating a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1. The activated ICOS pathway was involved in the MWA-induced adaptive immune response. T-cell receptor sequencing revealed MWA of primary tumor activated T lymphocytes expansion and recognized some cancer-specific antigens. Moreover, CD4+ effector memory T-cell response was induced by MWA, and the immune response still existed after surgical resection of the ablated tumor.ConclusionsMWA may not only be a promising local therapy but also a trigger of antitumor immunity for breast cancer, opening new avenues for the treatment of breast cancer. Combinatorial strategy using additional agents which boost MWA-induced immune response could be considered as potential treatment for clinical study for early breast cancer therapy.
Impact of RapidAI mobile application on treatment times in patients with large vessel occlusion
Authors: Al-Kawaz Mais , Primiani Christopher , Urrutia Victor , Hui Ferdinand 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundCurrent efforts to reduce door to groin puncture time (DGPT) aim to optimize clinical outcomes in stroke patients with large vessel occlusions (LVOs). The RapidAI mobile application (Rapid Mobile App) provides quick access to perfusion and vessel imaging in patients with LVOs. We hypothesize that utilization of RapidAI mobile application can significantly reduce treatment times in stroke care by accelerating the process of mobilizing stroke clinicians and interventionalists.MethodsWe analyzed patients presenting with LVOs between June 2019 and October 2020. Thirty-one patients were treated between June 2019 and March 2020 (pre-app group). Thirty-three patients presented between March 2020 and October 2020 (post-app group). Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine variables that are not normally distributed. In a secondary analysis we analyzed interhospital time metrics between primary stroke centers and our comprehensive stroke center.ResultsBaseline demographic and vascular risk factors were similar in both groups. Use of Rapid Mobile App resulted in 33 min reduction in DGPT (P=0.02), 35 min reduction in door to first pass time (P=0.02), and 37 min reduction in door to recanalization time (P=0.02) in univariate analyses when compared with patients treated pre-app. In a multiple linear regression model, utilization of Rapid Mobile App significantly predicted shorter DGPT (P=0.002). In an adjusted model, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 24 hours after procedure and at discharge were significantly lower in the post-app group (P=0.03). Time of transfer between primary and comprehensive stroke center was comparable in both groups (P=0.26).ConclusionIn patients with LVOs, the implementation of the RapidAI mobile application was independently associated with reductions in intrahospital treatment times.
Atmospheric aerosols elevated ecosystem productivity of a poplar plantation in Beijing, China
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhang Zhiqiang , Chen Jiquan , McNulty Steven , Xu Hang , Chen Lixin , Chen Zuosinan , Jin Zhihua 
Published: April 2021

Atmospheric aerosols can influence energy allocation, environmental factors, and thus, canopy photosynthesis. However, the regulations of aerosols on ecosystem productivity are not well understood. Here, we applied the optical properties of aerosols to quantify the effects of aerosol type and concentration on the environmental factors and associated gross primary productivity (GPP) of a poplar (Populus euramericana) plantation during the months of June to August from 2014 to 2016 in Beijing, China. As aerosol optical depth (AOD) increased from 0 to 2.5, total photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased by 29%, while the diffuse PAR increased by 39%. Although there was no significant impact of aerosols on air temperature (p > 0.05), aerosols decreased vapor pressure deficit by more than 40%. We found that the plantation GPP changed exponentially with AOD, indicating that aerosols elevated GPP by about 37% under severe aerosol pollution (AOD ≥ 1) compared with background aerosol (AOD < 0.4). Aerosols type also had a significant effect on GPP. We concluded that aerosols could increase the GPP of the poplar plantation, and the promotion effect of aerosols on poplar plantation would not be significantly reduced until AOD was <1 under the projected decrease in aerosol loading in the future.
Internal migration and mobile communication patterns among pairs with strong ties
Authors: Fudolig Mikaela Irene D. , Monsivais Daniel , Bhattacharya Kunal , Jo Hang-Hyun , Kaski Kimmo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing large-scale call detail records of anonymised mobile phone service subscribers with demographic and location information, we investigate how a long-distance residential move within the country affects the mobile communication patterns between an ego who moved and a frequently called alter who did not move. By using clustering methods in analysing the call frequency time series, we find that such ego-alter pairs are grouped into two clusters, those with the call frequency increasing and those with the call frequency decreasing after the move of the ego. This indicates that such residential moves are correlated with a change in the communication pattern soon after moving. We find that the pre-move calling behaviour is a relevant predictor for the post-move calling behaviour. While demographic and location information can help in predicting whether the call frequency will rise or decay, they are not relevant in predicting the actual call frequency volume. We also note that at four months after the move, most of these close pairs maintain contact, even if the call frequency is decreased.
Carboniferous tetrapod footprint biostratigraphy, biochronology and evolutionary events
Authors: Lucas Spencer G. , Stimson Matthew R. , King Olivia A. , Calder John H. , Mansky Chris F. , Hebert Brian L. , Hunt Adrian P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Carboniferous record of tetrapod footprints is mostly of Euramerican origin and provides the basis for a footprint biostratigraphy and biochronology of Carboniferous time that identifies four tetrapod footprint biochrons: (1) stem-tetrapod biochron of Middle Devonian–early Tournaisian age; (2)
Hylopus
biochron of middle Tournaisian–early Bashkirian age; (3)
Notalacerta–Dromopus
interval biochron of early Bashkirian–Kasimovian age; and (4)
Dromopus
biochron of Kasimovian–early Permian age. Particularly significant is the Carboniferous tetrapod footprint record of the Maritimes basin of eastern Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island), which encompasses well-dated and stratigraphically superposed footprint assemblages of Early Mississippian–early Permian age. The Carboniferous tetrapod footprint record provides these important biostratigraphic datums: (1) oldest temnospondyls (middle Tournaisian); (2) oldest reptiliomorphs, likely anthracosaurs (middle Tournaisian); (3) oldest amniotes (early Bashkirian); and (4) oldest high-fibre herbivores (Bashkirian). Carboniferous tetrapod footprints thus provide significant insight into some major events of the Carboniferous evolution of tetrapods.
Mesothelin-Specific CAR T Cells Target Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Schoutrop Esther , El-Serafi Ibrahim , Poiret Thomas , Zhao Ying , Gultekin Okan , He Rui , Moyano-Galceran Lidia , Carlson Joseph W. , Lehti Kaisa , Hassan Moustapha , Magalhaes Isabelle , Mattsson Jonas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNew therapeutic options for patients with ovarian cancer are urgently needed. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of two second-generation mesothelin (MSLN)-directed CAR T cells in orthotopic mouse models of ovarian cancer. Treatment with CAR T cells expressing an MSLN CAR construct including the CD28 domain (M28z) significantly prolonged survival, but no persistent tumor control was observed. Despite lower response rates, MSLN-4–1BB (MBBz) CAR T cells induced long-term remission in some SKOV3–bearing mice. Tumor-infiltrating M28z and MBBz CAR T cells upregulated PD-1 and LAG3 in an antigen-dependent manner while MSLN+ tumor cells expressed the corresponding ligands (PD-L1 and HLA-DR), demonstrating that coinhibitory pathways impede CAR T-cell persistence in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, profiling plasma soluble factors identified a cluster of M28z- and MBBz-treated mice characterized by elevated T-cell secreted factors that had increased survival, higher CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration, less exhausted CAR T-cell phenotypes, and increased HLA-DR expression by tumor cells. Altogether, our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of MSLN-CAR T cells to treat ovarian cancer.Significance:These findings demonstrate that MSLN-directed CAR T cells can provide antitumor immunity against ovarian cancer.
Histologic and Racial/Ethnic Patterns of Appendiceal Cancer among Young Patients
Authors: Gibbs Timothy , Washington Mary K. , Eng Cathy , Idrees Kamran , Davis Jamaine , Holowatyj Andreana N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
Appendiceal cancer incidence among individuals age &lt; 50 years (early-onset appendiceal cancer) is rising with unknown etiologies. Distinct clinicopathologic/demographic features of early-onset appendiceal cancer remain unexplored. We compared patterns of appendiceal cancer among individuals by age of disease-onset.

Methods:
Using the NIH/NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data, we identified individuals age 20+ years diagnosed with appendiceal cancer from 2007 to 2016. Cochran–Armitage trend tests and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine age-related differences in clinicopathologic/demographic features of appendiceal cancer.

Results:
We identified 8,851 patients with appendiceal cancer during the 10-year study period. Histologic subtype, tumor grade, stage, sex and race/ethnicity all significantly differed by age of appendiceal cancer diagnosis. After adjustment for race/ethnicity, sex, stage, insurance status, and tumor grade, young patients were 82% more likely to be Hispanic [OR, 1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48–2.25; P &lt; 0.001] and 4-fold more likely to be American Indian or Alaska Native (OR, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.77–9.16; P = 0.0009) compared with late-onset cases. Patients with early-onset appendiceal cancer were also 2- to 3.5-fold more likely to be diagnosed with neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix (goblet cell carcinoid: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.59–2.41; P &lt; 0.0001; carcinoid: OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.80–4.42; P &lt; 0.0001) compared with patients with late-onset appendiceal cancer. Among patients with neuroendocrine tumors, early-onset cases were also 45% to 61% less likely to present with high-grade (III–IV) tumors.

Conclusions:
Approximately one in every three patients with appendiceal cancer is diagnosed before age 50 years in the United States. Appendiceal cancer in young patients is classified by distinct histologic and demographic features.

Impact:
Early-onset appendiceal cancer determinants can inform discovery of risk factors and molecular biomarkers of appendiceal cancer in young patients, with implications for appendiceal cancer prevention, detection, and treatment.
Epidemiologic Research of Rare Cancers: Trends, Resources, and Challenges
Authors: Gallicchio Lisa , Daee Danielle L. , Rotunno Melissa , Barajas Rolando , Fagan Sarah , Carrick Danielle M. , Divi Rao L. , Filipski Kelly K. , Freedman Andrew N. , Gillanders Elizabeth M. , Lam Tram K. , Martin Damali N. , Rogers Scott , Verma Mukesh , Nelson Stefanie A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
The goals of this project were to assess the status of NCI's rare cancer–focused population science research managed by the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS), to develop a framework for evaluation of rare cancer research activities, and to review available resources to study rare cancers.

Methods:
Cancer types with an overall age-adjusted incidence rate of less than 20 cases per 100,000 individuals were identified using NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program data. SEER data were utilized to develop a framework based on statistical commonalities. A portfolio analysis of DCCPS-supported active grants and a review of three genomic databases were conducted.

Results:
For the 45 rare cancer types included in the analysis, 123 active DCCPS-supported rare cancer-focused grants were identified, of which the highest percentage (18.7%) focused on ovarian cancer. The developed framework revealed five clusters of rare cancer types. The cluster with the highest number of grants (n = 43) and grants per cancer type (10.8) was the cluster that included cancer types of higher incidence, average to better survival, and high prevalence (in comparison with other rare cancers). Resource review revealed rare cancers are represented in available genomic resources, but to a lesser extent compared with more common cancers.

Conclusions:
This article provides an overview of the rare cancer–focused population sciences research landscape as well as information on gaps and opportunities.

Impact:
The findings of this article can be used to develop efficient and comprehensive strategies to accelerate rare cancer research.
See related commentary by James V. Lacey Jr, p. 1300
Liquid Biopsy: It's the Bloody Truth!
Authors: Hawkey Nathan M. , Armstrong Andrew J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a promising clinical tool that can provide critical information for prognostication and which may inform treatment decisions in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Here we discuss the Foundation Medicine plasma cell-free circulating tumor DNA assay, its pros and cons, and potential clinical utility.
See related article by Tukachinsky et al., p. 3094
Synthetic Lethality in Cancer Therapeutics: The Next Generation
Authors: Setton Jeremy , Zinda Michael , Riaz Nadeem , Durocher Daniel , Zimmermann Michal , Koehler Maria , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Powell Simon N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSynthetic lethality (SL) provides a conceptual framework for tackling targets that are not classically “druggable,” including loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes required for carcinogenesis. Recent technological advances have led to an inflection point in our understanding of genetic interaction networks and ability to identify a wide array of novel SL drug targets. Here, we review concepts and lessons emerging from first-generation trials aimed at testing SL drugs, discuss how the nature of the targeted lesion can influence therapeutic outcomes, and highlight the need to develop clinical biomarkers distinct from those based on the paradigms developed to target activated oncogenes.Significance:SL offers an approach for the targeting of loss of function of tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes, as well as of amplification and/or overexpression of genes that cannot be targeted directly. A next generation of tumor-specific alterations targetable through SL has emerged from high-throughput CRISPR technology, heralding not only new opportunities for drug development, but also important challenges in the development of optimal predictive biomarkers.
Intravenous Tirofiban Infusion After Angioplasty and Stenting in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis-Related Stroke
Authors: Baek Byung Hyun , Yoon Woong , Lee Yun Young , Kim Seul Kee , Kim Joon-Tae , Park Man Seok 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous infusion of tirofiban after emergent angioplasty with or without stenting in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related large-vessel occlusion stroke.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective case series study of 98 patients who underwent thrombectomy followed by angioplasty with or without stenting to treat intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related large-vessel occlusion. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received continuous intravenous infusion of tirofiban for 12 hours after procedure (intravenous tirofiban group, n=30) and those who did not receive postprocedural intravenous tirofiban (control group, n=68). The following treatment outcomes in the 2 groups were compared: early reocclusion of treated arteries on computed tomography angiography, parenchymal hematoma, symptomatic hemorrhage, and 90-day functional outcome.

Results:

Early reocclusion occurred in 18 patients (18.4%). The rate of early reocclusion was significantly lower in the intravenous tirofiban group than in the control group (3.3% versus 25%,
P
<0.001). The rates of parenchymal hematoma, symptomatic hemorrhage, 90-day good outcome, and mortality were not significantly different between the 2 groups. In multivariate logistic analysis, the only independent predictor of early reocclusion was no use of intravenous tirofiban (odds ratio, 9.212 [95% CI, 1.155–73.495],
P
=0.036). A good outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2) was significantly less frequent in patients with early reocclusion than in those without it (16.7% versus 72.5%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
The use of intravenous tirofiban for 12 hours was associated with decreased risk of early reocclusion of treated arteries, with no increased risk of hemorrhage after emergent angioplasty, with or without stenting, in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related large-vessel occlusion stroke. Early reocclusion was associated with a poor outcome in such cases.
Bursaphelenchus paraleoni n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) intercepted in Loblolly pine logs imported into China from the USA
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Liu Lele , Ma Xinxin , Lu Xiaoling 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Bursaphelenchus paraleoni n. sp. was isolated from Loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, logs from the USA. The new species is characterised by a lateral field with three lines, 13-16 μm long stylet with small basal swellings, and the excretory pore located slightly posterior to the nerve ring. The male spicules are mitten-shaped, the lamina smoothly tapering towards the distal tip. The condylus is broadly rounded, with a small dorsally bent hook, rostrum triangular or conical with finely rounded tip, and cucullus absent. One midventral precloacal papilla, one adcloacal pair and two postcloacal pairs of genital papillae are present. The bursal flap is long and spade-like with the posterior margin truncate or irregular. Females have a small vulval flap 4-6 μm long, a post-vulval uterine sac extending for 34-49% of the vulva to anus distance, a very long tail with slight ventral curvature, mostly filiform and with a finely rounded terminus, occasionally bluntly rounded. Huge variation in the tails of males and females were observed in a culture. It is similar to species of B. eidmanni, B. leoni, and B. silvestris in the leoni-group but detailed phylogenetic analysis based on 18S, ITS and D2-D3 28S sequences confirmed it as a new species.
Reappointment to International Courts and the Case of the EFTA Court
Authors: Tatham Allan F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The independence of judges sitting on international courts is constrained in part by their accountability to the states that appoint them. The interaction between these two principles is particularly stark where judges are able to have their terms of office on the bench renewed, subject to the agreement of states to re-nominate and reappoint them. The present article seeks to examine this interaction, initially in the context more generally of international judicial decision-making bodies, while also considering options designed to reduce the likelihood of the reoccurrence of problems with respect to reappointments. It then provides a more detailed case study of the Norwegian reappointment saga at the EFTA Court and suggests possible ways forward designed to enhance judicial independence in this procedure.
A Narrativist Revival?
Authors: Ankersmit Frank R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Up till the 1980s narrativist philosophers of history were mainly interested in the cognitivist dimension of historical narrative. With Hayden White this interest was exchanged for an exclusive preoccupation with the literary aspects of the historian’s narrative representation of the past. However, it may seem that a revival of pre-Whitean narrativist philosophy of history is at hand. Two recent books suggest as much: one by Chiel van den Akker published in 2018 and one more by Paul Roth that came out in 2020. Obviously, a narrativist revival can take two different forms. It may aim at providing pre-Whitean narrativism with a more up-to-date philosophical basis or at guiding it into new directions. It will be argued in this review-essay that the book by Roth mainly does the former, whereas the book by Van den Akker does both.
Dancing with Greek Vases
Authors: Laferrière Carolyn M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As gods dance, women twirl in choruses, and men leap in kōmos revels on Athenian red-figure vases, their animate bodies must be made to conform to the rounded shape of the vessels. Occasionally, these vases are even included in the images themselves, particularly within the kōmos revel, where the participants incorporate vessels into their dance as props, markers of space, and tools to engage new dance partners. Positioning these scenes within their potential sympotic context, I analyze the vases held by the dancers according to the ancient viewer’s own possible use of these physical vessels. The symposiasts’ own dextrous interaction with the objects echoes the dancers’ behaviors, so that human and ceramic bodies come together in shared movement. The handling of vases thus suggests a tactile, embodied experience shared between dancers and viewers; by evoking viewers’ familiarity with handling similar vessels, the vase-paintings invite viewers to join in the dance.