bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory effect of kainic acid on microglia in different inflammatory states
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhou Zhulin , Zhang Bo , Zhu Jie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundNerve injury is a crucial factor in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). It was demonstrated that neuroinflammatory response mediated by reactive microglia with different activated phenotypes plays an important role in different stages of nerve injury. Nerve injury leads to glutamate spillover, which also causes damage surrounding neurons, neurotoxic reactions, and neuroinflammatory so that glutamate spillover is one of the important mechanisms of nerve injury, among which the kainic acid (KA) signal pathway of glutamate ionotropic receptor induces neurotoxicity most significantly. In addition to inducing nerve damage, KA has been found to regulate microglia, further to induce the functional response of microglia.MethodsIn the present study, we constructed the different phenotypes of microglia stimulated with KA to activate the KA receptor signal pathway of microglia. The activity of microglia, Nitric oxide (NO) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, and cytokine levels were further investigated to explore the different immune response effects of different phenotypes of microglia during the KA stimulation and their role in disease development.ResultsOur results show that after 24 hours (h) of cell culture, KA activation causes a large consumption of pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype, the release of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased, and the anti-inflammatory cytokines increased. The resting microglia and anti-inflammatory microglia phenotype stimulated with KA are well tolerated after activation. After 48 h of culture, during the KA stimulation, the cell survival rate increased after activation of the pro-inflammatory microglia, and the secretion of NO, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines increased. The activation of resting microglia and anti-inflammatory microglia leads to decreased cell survival and decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. After 72 h of culture, the cell survival rate and NO release decreased after KA stimulation of the pro-inflammatory microglia. The anti-inflammatory microglia treated by KA increased cell activity and survival rate after activation.ConclusionsOur results may reveal the situation for the massive consumption of microglia after the KA stimulation in the early phase of nerve injury, at the same time, it was revealed that anti-inflammatory microglia not only had a high survival rate in the high concentration of glutamate but also could produce anti-inflammatory cytokines and play a protective role. It may provide a novel strategy for the treatment and recovery, suggest a scheme for the protection of microglia and resistance to secondary injury.
Research On The Influence Of The Piston Number On The Churning Losses In Axial Piston Pumps
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Xing , Luo Hao , Zhang Jun-Hui , Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The piston is a key rotating component in the axial piston pump, and its churning losses will reduce the performance and efficiency. To improve the performance and efficiency of the axial piston pump, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model of churning loss was established, and the effect of piston number on the churning loss was studied in detail. The simulation analysis results show that the churning losses initially increases as the number of pistons increases. However, when the number of pistons increased from 6 to 9, the torque of churning losses began to decrease due to the hydrodynamic shadowing effect. In addition, in the analysis of cavitation results, it is found that the cavitation area of the axial piston pump is mainly concentrated around the piston, and the cavitation becomes more and more serious as the speed increases. By comparing the simulation results with and without cavitation model, it can be found that the cavitation phenomenon is beneficial to the reduction of churning losses. In this paper, a piston churning losses test rig which can eliminate other friction losses is established to verify the correctness of the simulation results. The comparative analysis shows that the simulation results are consistent with the actual situation. In addition, this study also carried out a simulation study on the 7 piston pump and the 9 piston pump with the same displacement. The simulation results show that the churning losses of 7 pistons are generally greater than that of 9 pistons under the same displacement. Besides, in the case of the same piston number and displacement, reducing the pitch circle radius of piston bores is the best way to reduce churning loss. This study has certain guiding significance for the structural design and model selection of axial piston pumps.
Empathy and Burnout in Medical Staff: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Job Commitment
Authors: YUE Zongpu , Qin Yang , Li Ying , Wang Jian , Nicholas Stephen , Maitland Elizabeth , Liu Cai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Burnout is a growing problem among medical staff worldwide and empathy has been described as an essential competence to attenuate burnout. Previous studies found job satisfaction and job commitment were affected by the empathy and associated with burnout. This study explores the effect and mechanism of empathy on burnout on medical staff and investigates the mediating role of job satisfaction and job commitment in the relationship between empathy and burnout among medical staff.Methods: Based on a self-administered questionnaire, 335 responses from medical staff in Tianjin City, China, yielded data on socio-demographic characteristics, empathy, burnout, job satisfaction and job commitment. Bivariate correlation and structured equation modeling (SEM) analyzed the relationships between empathy, job satisfaction, job commitment and burnout multi-group invariant analysis was used to evaluate whether the model was consistent across different type and level of hospitals and different job and employment type subgroups. Results: A total of 202 (60.3%) medical staff had low level burnout, 115 (34.3%) staff had the moderate level and 18 (5.4%) staff had the high level burnout. The results of the SEM showed that empathy not only have a direct negative effect on burnout (\(\beta =-0.401, Pcript>\), but also had an indirect impact through job satisfaction (\(\beta =-0.373, Pcript>\) and job commitment (\(\beta =0.489, Pcript>\). Job commitment was negatively associated burnout (\(\beta =-0.513, Pcript>\) but, unexpectantly, job satisfaction was positively associated with burnout (\(\beta =0.177, Pcript>\). The results also indicated the model was consistent across employment type (\(\varDelta {\chi }^{2}\) = 5.904, p > 0.05) and hospital type (\(\varDelta {\chi }^{2}\) = 7.748, p > 0.05), but was inconsistent across hospital level (\(\varDelta {\chi }^{2}\) = 42.930, p < 0.05) and job type (\(\varDelta {\chi }^{2}\) = 52.912, p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our results confirm the important role that empathy plays in the prevention of burnout and by managing job satisfaction and increasing the job commitment burnout can be attenuated. We recommend that government should increase pay for medical staff and continue to reform the resourcing of different hospital levels and that hospital managers implement additional training and strengthening psychological testing and counseling, to reduce medical staff burnout.
Biglycan Overexpression Predicts Poor Prognosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Huang Xin-zhou , Chen Hui , Song Wen-ming , Wang Ying-ying , Zhou Meiyuan , Zhao Huichuan , Li Na , Zheng Bing , Gong Quan , Liu Ke-bin , Xin Hongwu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Biglycan (BGN) encodes an extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan. However, the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of BGN in gastric cancer (GC) have not yet been reported. In this analysis, BGN expression in GC was evaluated across the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Oncomine databases, and verified using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between BGN expression and clinicopathological parameters was assessed by chi-square test and logistic regression. We analyzed the prognostic value of BGN. Then, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to screen the signaling pathways involved in high BGN expression datasets in GC. Finally, CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in GC tissues, and the correlation between BGN and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed.Results: The results showed that the mRNA levels of BGN were significantly up-regulated in GC compared with normal tissues (all P <0.001). The Kaplan-Meier plotter online database suggested that patients with high BGN expression had a poor prognosis (P=1.3e-10). In addition, using gene sets analysis, we found that pathways of bladder cancer, Wnt-signaling, TGF-beta signaling, and ECM-receptor interaction were differentially activated in high-expression BGN tissues. Furthermore, CIBERSORT analysis for the proportion of TICs revealed that macrophages M2 was positively correlated with BGN expression. Conclusions: In conclusion, BGN can be used as potential diagnostic markers of GC, and immune cell infiltration plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of GC. The finding may have significant implication for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of GC.
Chamoli Disaster: Pronounced Changes in Water Quality and Flood Plains Using Sentinel Data
Authors: Meena Sansar , Chauhan Akshansha , Bhuyan Kushanav , SINGH Ramesh P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Himalayan rivers are vulnerable to devastating flooding caused by landslides and outbreak of glacial lakes. On 7 February 2021, a deadly disaster occurred near the Rishi Ganga Hydropower Plant in the Rishi Ganga River, killing more than 100 people. During the event, a large volume of debris and broken glacial fragments flooded the Rishi Ganga river and washed away the Rishi Ganga Hydropower plant ongoing project. This study presents the impact of the Chamoli disaster on the water quality of Rishi Ganga river in upstream near Tapovan and Ganga river in downstream near Haridwar through remote sensing data. We used five points at different locations across the two study areas and used three different indices, Normalized difference water index (NDWI), Normalized difference turbidity Index (NDTI), and Normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI), to analyze changes in water quality. We also compared the spectral signatures and backscattering coefficients derived from Sentinel-2 Optical and Sentinel-1 SAR data. It was evident from the water quality indices and spectral signatures that the flood plains changed significantly. Using spectral signatures and different indices, we also found that the water in the Cheema dam canal near Haridwar decreased after the Chamoli disaster event as the flood gates were closed to stop the deposit of sediments in the canal. Our results suggest changes in water quality parameters (turbidity, chlorophyll concentration, NDWI) at the five locations near the deadly site and far away at Haridwar along the Ganga river. Our study is a preliminary qualitative analysis showing changes in river flood plain and water quality after the Chamoli disaster.
Whole-Genome Sequencing On 220 Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Accessions Identified Association of DREB1C Gene With Fall Dormancy Height
Authors: Zhang Fan , Kang Junmei , Long Ruicai , Li Mingna , Sun Yan , Wang Zhen , Zhang Zhiwu , Yang Qingchuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fall dormancy (FD) is one of the most important traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for cultivar selection to overcome winter stress. Although transcriptomics, proteomics analysis, and QTL mapping have revealed some important genes correlated with FD, the genetic architecture of this trait is still unclear. There are no applicable genes or markers for selection, which hinders progress in the genetic research and molecular breeding for the trait. We conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 220 alfalfa accessions at 10x depth. Among the 875,023 SNPs, four of them were associated with FD height using GWAS. One SNP located on chromosome 6 is in linkage disequilibrium with dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 1C (DREB1C). Furthermore, seven DREB genes are clustered in this region, one of which has previously been shown to enhance freezing tolerance in the model plant Medicago truncatula. The candidate genes uncovered by our research will benefit the transgenic and CRISPR-Cas9 research of FD in alfalfa. This gene will also be useful for molecular marker development and marker-associated breeding of FD for alfalfa.
Immunogenomic Profiling and Pathological Response Results From a Clinical Trial of Docetaxel and Carboplatin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Ademuyiwa Foluso O. , Chen Ina , Luo Jingqin , Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Hagemann Ian S. , Fisk Bryan , Jeffers Gejae , Skidmore Zachary L. , Basu Anamika , Richters Megan , Ma Cynthia X. , Weilbaecher Katherine , Davis Jennifer , Suresh Rama , Peterson Lindsay L. , Bose Ron , Bagegni Nusayba , Rigden Caron E. , Frith Ashley , Rearden Timothy P. , Hernandez-Aya Leonel , Roshal Anna , Clifton Katherine , Opyrchal Mateusz , Akintola-Ogunremi Olaronke , Lee Byung Ha , Ferrando-Martinez Sara , Church Sarah E. , Anurag Meenakshi , Ellis Matthew J. , Gao Feng , Gillanders William , Griffith Obi L. , Griffith Malachi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) who do not achieve pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy have a high risk of recurrence and death. Molecular characterization may identify patients unlikely to achieve pCR. This neoadjuvant trial was conducted to determine the pCR rate with docetaxel and carboplatin, and to identify molecular alterations and/or immune gene signatures predicting pCR.Experimental Design: Patients with clinical stages II/III TNBC received 6 cycles of docetaxel and carboplatin. The primary objective was to determine if neoadjuvant docetaxel and carboplatin would increase the pCR rate in TNBC compared to historical expectations. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and immune profiling on pre-treatment tumor samples to identify alterations that may predict pCR. Thirteen matching on-treatment samples were also analyzed to assess changes in molecular profiles.Results: Fifty-eight of 127 (45.7%) patients achieved pCR. There was a non-significant trend towards higher mutation burden for patients with residual cancer burden (RCB) 0/I versus RCB II/III (median 80, versus 68 variants, p 0.88). TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene, observed in 85.7% of tumors. EGFR, RB1, RAD51AP2, SDK2, L1CAM, KPRP, PCDHA1, CACNA1S, CFAP58, COL22A1, and COL4A5 mutations were observed almost exclusively in pre-treatment samples from patients who achieved pCR. Seven mutations in PCDHA1 were observed in pre-treatment samples from patients who did not achieve pCR. Several immune gene signatures including IDO1, PD-L1, interferon gamma signaling, CTLA4, cytotoxicity, tumor inflammation signature, inflammatory chemokines, cytotoxic cells, lymphoid, PD-L2, exhausted CD8, Tregs, and immunoproteosome were upregulated in pre-treatment samples from patients who achieved pCR.Conclusions: Neoadjuvant docetaxel and carboplatin resulted in a pCR of 45.7%. WES and immune profiling differentiated patients with and without pCR. Trial registration: Clinical trial information: NCT02124902, Registered 24 April 2014, & NCT02547987, Registered 10 September 2015.
IVF in a Woman with Cogenital Hypofibrinogenemia ---Case Report
Authors: Fan Ruiqi , Feng Liping , Ren Chune , Jiang Junyi , Jiang Aifang , Yang Tingting 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Cogenital hypofibrinogenemia is a rare inherited coagulation disorder and the complications of this disease are bleeding and thrombosis. Pregnant women with cogenital hypofibrinogenemia are at high risk of abortion and placental abruption. This report is intended as a reference for IVF in women with congenital hypofibrinogenemia.Case presentation: A 31-year-old woman with cogenital hypofibrinogenemia and secondary sterility who was treated with IVF and cryoprecipitate. After ten months she delivered a live boy.Conclusion: During IVF,elevated HCG increases the risk of thrombogenesis. So we didn’t get as much fibrinogen supplementation as the literature suggested when we did FRT.
Does Corporate Environmental Investment Impede Financial Performance of Chinese Enterprises? The Moderating Role of Financial Constraints
Authors: AKBAR AHSAN , Jiang Xinfeng , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem , Akbar Minhas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
China has emerged as the world’s largest pollutant emitter due to rapid industrialization and a remarkable economic upsurge in recent decades. Rising carbon emissions have exerted more social and regulatory pressure on Chinese corporations to undertake environmental protection investments. However, the implications of such investments on the financial fundamentals of a firm remain unclear. Especially little is known about how environmental protection investments affect the performance of financially constrained firms. This study explores the mediating role of financial constraints in the nexus between corporate environmental protection investment and the accounting and market performance of Chinese listed firms during 2009–2016. The empirical outcomes of the generalized method of moments (GMM) based regressions reveal that environmental investments of non-constrained firms have a positive impact on the accounting and market performance of such firms measured by ROA and Tobin's q respectively. Interestingly, environmental protection investments have a significant negative association with both the accounting and market performance proxies of firms that are facing financial constraints. These findings imply that in pursuit of environment preservation and pollution abatement, policymakers shall provide more financial flexibility and enabling environment to financially constrained firms to optimize their role in pollution abatement.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Parents of Children With Type 1 Diabetes During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carducci C. , Rapini N. , Deodati A. , Pampanini V , Cianfarani S. , Schiaffini R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction.

The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a group of persistent psychological and physiological symptoms due to a traumatic, severe, event. Only few studies focused on the effects of Covid-19 on psychosocial outcomes in children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and their parents.
Aim of the study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence PTSD in parents of children with T1D during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.
Patients and Methods.

In the period between March and May 2020 we submitted the “Impact of Event Scale – Revised” (IES-R) questionnaire to the parents of 34 children with Type 1 Diabetes, asking them to express their emotions about the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.
Results.

A total of thirty mothers (mean age 43.0 ± 4.2 years) and 25 fathers (mean age 45.6 ± 5.9 years) participated in the survey and completed the questionnaires. 29.1% of parents had a score that allows to define a clinically relevant level of PTSD; ten mothers and 6 fathers had a PTSD clinically relevant score, corresponding, respectively, to 28.4% and 24% of total mothers and fathers. Finally, mothers and fathers, both express PTSD symptoms mainly in the form of intrusion and hyperarousal.
Conclusions.

The present study confirms a high prevalence symptoms related to PTSD in mothers and fathers of children with Type 1 Diabetes. We believe that psychosocial outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic should be taken into account in the planning of the next future assistance for children with T1D.
Antimalarial Activity of Brusatol Against Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice and the Mechanism Revealed by Whole Transcriptome Sequencing (RNA-Seq) Analysis
Authors: Ren Yixin , Xu Shanshan , Gao Yuan , Chen Yufeng , Dai Xiaodong , Shi Lei , Zhao Feng , Qin Yuanhua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRecently, artemsinin-resistant malaria strains and clinical cases have appeared in Southeast Asia. Reportedly, there are malaria mutants in Africa that are resistant to artemisinin and its derivatives. Thus, it’s imminent to develop new antimalarial drugs. Brucea javanica is an effective antimalarial drug recorded in Chinese traditional medicine, which has been widely used in the folk for hundreds of years. Brusatol is the main active constituent of Brucea Javanica, thus we studied the effects of brusatol on prevention of malaria infection in vivo. MethodsTo determine the antiplasmodial activity of brusatol, a four-day suppressive test was used by dividing 56 mice into 7 groups of 8 mice each and given 4mg/kg, 3mg/kg, 2mg/kg, 1mg/kg, 0.5mg/kg of brusatol, the standard drug ((artesunate of 140 mg/kg) and the vehicle (normal saline). The best effective dose was used in the following test. The effects of brusatol to plasmodium berghei transcription were tested through RNA-seq and the results were confirmed by RT-qPCR. We also explored the expression of TNF -α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-12 to evaluate antimalarial mechanism of brusatol to host by ELISA.ResultsThe results showed that brusatol effectively inhibited plasmodium berghei infection, the best effective dose was 2mg/kg, and the side effects of brusatol to liver and kidney were slight and reversible. The expressions of GSK3β, ATP6A, ATP6B, ATP6M, MSP-2, EMP1, CTCS in plasmodium were significantly lower after brusatol treatment compared with control, while the expression of AMA-1 was significantly increased. The serum concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 in artesunate and brusatol group decreased significantly compared with the control group, while there was no statistical difference of the serum concentrations of IL-12.ConclusionsTaken together, these results demonstrated brusatol could be a priority candidate for antimalarial medicine development.
GPR143 is a Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Immune Infiltration in Melanoma
Authors: Xing Zixuan , Wu Shaobo , Zang Qijuan , Lei Hao , Wei Yi , Zhang Chaonan , Dai Bingling 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is considered one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers of the skin. G-protein coupled receptor 143 (GPR143), which has been reported to cause congenital nystagmus, belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. Methods and Results: We analyzed the expression of GPR143 and survival of SKCM patients in SKCM via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Then, logistic regression and multivariate cox analysis was used to analyze the influence of GPR143 expression on clinicopathological elements and survival. We explored the immune response of 22 TIICs in SKCM via CIBERSORT and used TIMER to assess the correlation of GPR143 expression and immune infiltration level. Finally, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to assess the TCGA dataset. The outcomes suggest that GPR143 expression in tumor samples is remarkedly higher than in normal samples and high GPR143 expression is associated with poorer prognosis. The result of multivariate analysis indicated that increased GPR143 expression is an independent prognostic factor for prognosis. We found GPR143 expression level has prominent negative correlations with infiltrating levels of B cell, CD8+ T cells, etc. GSEA indicated that pigment metabolic process, pigment biosynthetic process and other pathways were identified as differentially enriched pathways in Gene Ontology (GO). Oxidative phosphorylation, Parkinson’s disease and other pathways were showed significantly differential enrichment in GPR143 high expression phenotype in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).Conclusions: In conclusion, GPR143 may be a novel prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltrates in SKCM.