bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of HVLT-R, BVMT-R, and RBANS Learning Slope Scores along the Alzheimer’s Continuum
Authors: Hammers Dustin B , Suhrie Kayla , Dixon Ava , Gradwohl Brian D , Duff Kevin , Spencer Robert J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The learning ratio (LR) is a novel learning slope score that has been developed to reduce the inherent competition between the first trial and subsequent trials in traditional learning slopes. In essence, the LR is the number of items learned after the first trial divided by the number of items yet to be learned. Criterion and convergent validation of this LR score is warranted to understand its sensitivity along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum.

Method
The LR metric was calculated for 123 participants from standard measures of memory, including the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) list learning, and RBANS story memory. All participants were categorized as normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD. LR performances were compared between groups, among other standard memory measures, and with regards to how well they discriminated cognitively impaired from unimpaired samples—and within diagnostic subgroups.

Results
Lower LR scores were observed for the MCI and AD groups than the normal cognition group, with the AD group performing worse than the MCI group for several slope calculations. Lower LR scores were also consistently associated with poorer performances on traditional memory measures. LR scores further displayed excellent receiver operator characteristics when differentiating those with and without cognitive impairment—and MCI from normal cognition. Overall, LR scores consistently outperformed traditional learning slope calculations across all analyses.

Conclusions
This LR score is sensitive to memory dysfunction along the AD continuum, and results offer criterion and convergent validity for use of the LR metric to understand learning capacity.
Differential Contribution of Anterior and Posterior Midcingulate Subregions to Distal and Proximal Threat Reactivity in Marmosets
Authors: Rahman Sufia S , Mulvihill Kevin , Wood Christian M , Quah Shaun K L , Horst Nicole K , Clarke Hannah F , Cockcroft Gemma J , Santangelo Andrea M , Roberts Angela C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The midcingulate cortex (MCC) is associated with cognition and emotion regulation. Structural and correlational functional evidence suggests that rather than being homogenous, the MCC may have dissociable functions that can be mapped onto distinct subregions. In this study, we use the marmoset monkey to causally investigate the contributions of two proposed subregions of the MCC: the anterior and posterior midcingulate cortices (aMCC and pMCC) to behavioral and cardiovascular correlates of threat processing relevant to anxiety disorders. Transient inactivation of the aMCC decreased anxiety-like responses to a postencounter distal threat, namely an unfamiliar human intruder, while inactivation of the pMCC showed a mild but opposing effect. Furthermore, although inactivation of neither MCC subregions had any effect on basal cardiovascular activity, aMCC inactivation blunted the expression of both cardiovascular and behavioral conditioned responses to a predictable proximal threat (a rubber snake) during the extinction in a Pavlovian conditioning task, with pMCC inactivation having again an opposing effect, but primarily on the behavioral response. These findings suggest that the MCC is indeed functionally heterogeneous with regards to its role in threat processing, with aMCC providing a marked facilitative contribution to the expression of the emotional response to both proximal and distal threat.
LC-PDA-MS/MS-Based Characterization of Key Phytochemicals in Eurycoma Longifolia Roots
Authors: Chua Lee Suan , Segaran Abirame , Wong Hoi Jin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective of the study was to fractionate the crude extract of Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) roots and identify the intense peaks using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, UPLC–MS/MS and H-NMR. Column chromatography was used to fractionate the crude extract into individual fractions using six solvent systems ranged from ethyl acetate, methanol and water in increasing polarity. Two fractions with nearly pure and intense peaks were selected for compound identification. Chromenone (coumarin) and chromone derivatives were putatively identified, besides several previously reported quassinoid glycosides (eurycomanone derived glycoside, 2,3-dehydro-4α-hydroxylongilactone glucoside, eurycomanol glycoside and eurycomanol trimer) in the fraction 11 of 100% methanol. A newly reported compound, namely hydroxyl glyyunanprosapogenin D (838 g/mol) was proposed to be the compound detected in the fraction 11 of 50% ethyl acetate and 50% methanol. This is also the first study to report the identification of chromenones and chromones in E. longifolia extract.
Potential Synergy Mechanism of Processing Methods for the Basic Remedies of Qixue Shuangbu Prescription Based on Integrated Metabolomics Strategy and Network Pharmacology Study
Authors: Chen Linwei , Sun Xiaojun , Wang Qin , Wu Wenjun , Tian Hu , Liu Lunyuan , Jiang Yong , Bei Chenqi , Chen Nan , Chen Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQixue Shuangbu Prescription (QSP) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula widely used for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Previous clinical studies have found that the efficacy of processed QSP has been significantly enhanced in the treatment of CHF. However, the synergistic mechanisms of processed QSP to enhance the treatment of CHF are still unclear. Generally, the changes in clinical effects mainly result from the variations of inside chemical basis caused by the TCM processing procedure. In this study, we developed a network pharmacology-integrated metabolomics strategy to clarify the difference of the effective compounds between crude and processed QSP, and further explain the mechanism of processed QSP to produce a synergistic effects. As a result, 69 different compounds were successfully screened, identified, quantified and verified as the most potential marker compounds. These different chemical components may play an anti-CHF and enhance the therapeutic effect through 52 action pathways such as estrogen signaling pathway, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, etc. This study revealed that the proposed network pharmacology-integrated metabolomics strategy was a powerful tool for explaining the mechanism of synergistic action in the processing of QSP, further controlling the quality and understanding the processing mechanism of TCM formulae.
Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies Among Market and City Bus Depot Workers in Lima, Peru
Authors: Tovar Marco , Peinado Jesús , Palomino Santiago , Llanos Fernando , Ramírez Claudio , Valderrama Gisella , Calderón Roger I , Williams Roger B , Velásquez Gustavo E , Mitnick Carole D , Franke Molly F , Lecca Leonid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody positivity among market and city bus depot workers in Lima, Peru. Among 1285 vendors from 8 markets, prevalence ranged from 27% to 73%. Among 488 workers from 3 city bus depots, prevalence ranged from 11% to 47%. Self-reported symptoms were infrequent.
Safety and effectiveness of mucosal traction using a snare combined with endoclips to assist the resection of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Lian Zhou-yang , Cai Jian-Qun , Bai Yang , Wang Zhen 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Currently, the reports on esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) assisted by traction with a snare are rare. Because a snare is a commonly used endoscopic accessory and is easily available, its application in mucosal traction is worth exploring. The present study aims to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of snare-endoclip traction-assisted ESD for esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia. Cases of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia resected using ESD in the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Guangzhou Nanfang Hospital, China from June 2013 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The procedure of snare-endoclip traction-assisted ESD was compared with nontraction-assisted ESD by using a propensity score matching analysis. Operation time, en bloc and R0 resection, intra- and postoperative complications, and surgery-related costs were mainly evaluated. Overall, 99 cases of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia under tissue biopsy were included in the present study. Further, 22 exact matched pairs were obtained. There were no differences in en bloc and R0 resection rates, intra- and postoperative complications, and costs of disposable surgical accessories between the traction group and the nontraction group. However, median operation time showed a significant difference: traction group, 50.0 min (range, 20–100 min); nontraction group, 70.0 min (range, 35–133 min), P=0.012.
In conclusion, snare-endoclip traction-assisted ESD for esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia was safe and shortened operation time in the study, thereby improving the efficiency of ESD. Despite the additional use of a snare and endoclips for traction, the total costs of endoscopic accessories seemed not to be increased.
Laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy in esophageal cancer patients with high-risk post-operative complications
Authors: Takeda Flavio Roberto , Sallum Rubens Antonio Aissar , Ribeiro Jr Ulysses , Cecconello Ivan 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is challenging, due to considerable morbidity, especially in high surgical risk patients. While transhiatal esophagectomy leads to good oncological outcomes and reduced postoperative complications, less invasive techniques might further improve outcomes. Our goal was to compare results of laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy (LTE) with open transhiatal esophagectomy (OTE) in esophageal cancer patients at high surgical risk. From 2014 to 2020, 128 patients were identified. Seventy received OTE while 51 received LTE. After propensity score matching (1:1), postoperative complications, analysis of overall and disease-free survival, and survival-related prognostic factors were assessed in two groups of 48 patients. Ninety-one (77%) patients were men with a mean age of 65 ± 10.3 years. Those who underwent OTE experienced more clinical and surgical complications. In LTE patients, the number of mean resected lymph nodes was 25.9, and in patients who had OTE, it was 17.4 (P &lt; 0.001). Overall survival was 56.0% in the LTE group and 33.6% (P = 0.023) in the OTE group. In multivariable analysis of overall survival, open surgery and incomplete pathological response were seen as worse negative factors. In multivariable analysis, metastatic lymph nodes, incomplete pathologic response, surgical complications, and a Charlson’s index &gt; 2 (P = 0.014) were associated with poor prognosis. Both surgical methods are safe with similar morbidity and mortality; however, LTE was associated with fewer complications, a higher number of resected lymph nodes, better overall survival, and more prognostic factors related to global and disease-free overall survival in high-risk patients.
Biocontrol of Wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes: The Impact of Infected Host Cadaver Application and Soil Characteristics
Authors: Sandhi Ramandeep Kaur , Shapiro-Ilan David , Ivie Michael , Reddy Gadi V P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wireworms have become a significant menace to cereals in the Northern Great Plains. Therefore, research toward developing effective control methods such as biological control with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) is warranted. Two strains, each of two EPN species, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston in the form of infected Galleria mellonella (L.) cadavers were evaluated against wireworms in field and greenhouse. In field experiments, none of the four EPN strains were found effective against wireworms. However, in the greenhouse test, three of the strains, S. carpocapsae (All and Cxrd) or S. riobrave (355) applied in cadavers killed 50–68% of the sugarbeet wireworm, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) was associated with 8–24% plant damage at 35 d after treatment (DAT), when seeds were treated with imidacloprid. The mortality range was 40–56% with 57–75% plant damage observed at 35 DAT, when seeds were planted without imidacloprid treatment. Synergistic effect among imidacloprid and S. carpocapsae (Cxrd) or S. riobrave (355) was observed in regard to L. californicus mortality. Additionally, effects of soil texture, moisture, and temperature on the infection rate of EPNs against L. californicus were examined in the laboratory. Limonius californicus mortality was not significantly affected by either soil moisture or soil types maintained at field capacity moisture levels. However, soil temperature showed a significant effect on L. californicus mortality. Overall, imidacloprid enhanced the infection and killing ability of EPNs against L. californicus and S. carpocapsae (All and Cxrd) strains were the virulent strains in different soil experiments.
Determination of the geopotential value on the permanent GNSS stations in Vietnam based on the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem approach
Authors: Vu Dinh Toan , Bruinsma Sean , Bonvalot Sylvain , Bui Luyen K , Balmino Georges 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In the realisation of the International Height Reference System, the determination of the geopotential value and its variations in time plays an important role. In this study, the geodetic boundary value problem approach is applied for direct determination of the gravity potential value using a GOCE global gravity field model enhanced with terrestrial gravity data. This determination is carried out on the Global Navigation Satellite System-Continuously Operating Reference Stations (GNSS-CORS) stations towards the realisation of the International Height Reference System in Vietnam. First, the effects of the GOCE global gravity field model omission error, the indirect bias term on the disturbing potential and the systematic cumulative errors in levelling data are estimated. These errors affect the estimated geopotential value. The results calculated on the GNSS/levelling points show that the effect of the GOCE DIR-R5 (up to degree/order 260) omission error on the offset potential value is quite significant. This effect was eliminated using high-resolution terrestrial gravity data using the remove-compute-restore technique. The indirect bias term on the disturbing potential can be safely neglected by using a GOCE global gravity field model for degrees higher than 60 for this study region. The systematic cumulative errors in levelling data can be modelled and removed using a third-order polynomial model. Then, the mean zero-height gravity potential of the Vietnam local vertical datum is estimated equal to ${\rm{W}}_0^{{\rm{LVD}}}$ = 62 636 846.69 m2 s–2 with standard deviation of 0.70 m2 s–2 based on the proposed approach. Finally, the geodetic boundary value problem approach was used to determine the geopotential on the surface of three GNSS-CORS stations in Vietnam. Based on time-series of the vertical component derived from the GNSS observations as well as InSAR data, temporal variations in geopotential are also estimated on these permanent GNSS stations. The purpose is to monitor deformation of the vertical datum. The results indicate that the geopotential value needs to be monitored and determined with the time-dependent component on the three Vietnamese permanent GNSS stations for a vertical datum. These stations may contribute to increase the density of reference points in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, which is being researched and implemented by the International Association of Geodesy.
A health and wellbeing programme for preadolescents in underserved Australian communities: child and stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Norman Jennifer , van Weerdenburg Katherine , Furber Susan , Stratten Maddison , Okely Anthony D 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Social inequities in childhood affect children’s health and development. Active In-Betweens is a weekly, healthy lifestyle and outdoor activity after-school programme, tailor-made for preadolescent children (9–12 year olds), incorporating a strengths-based, trauma-informed, co-designed and place-based approach. This study evaluated the extent to which the programme strategies and activities met the anticipated short- to medium-term programme outcomes during its first year of operation in two socio-economically disadvantaged housing communities in New South Wales, Australia. A qualitative case study used data from semi-structured interviews with child participants (n = 11) and key stakeholders (n = 10). A broad range of positive outcomes were described. Children’s feedback indicated they had experienced opportunities which facilitated the development of new physical activity skills; new healthy eating experiences and knowledge; positive relationships with peers and facilitators and new connections with neighbourhood programmes and outdoor environments. Stakeholders valued the programme for the positive outcomes they observed among the children and the strong organizational partnerships which resulted. The importance of skilled facilitators to deliver the programme, the engagement of local stakeholders and a long-term commitment to programme delivery, with secure funding to ensure continuity, were clearly identified as integral for effective, sustainable outcomes.
Racing Pulses: Gender, Professionalism and Health Care in Medical Romance Fiction
Authors: Arnold-Forster Agnes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Following the foundation of the NHS in 1948, a new sub-genre of romantic fiction emerged: ‘Doctor–Nurse’ romances, usually involving romance between a male doctor and a female nurse, were set in NHS hospitals. Drawing on the Mills & Boon archive and the novels themselves, this article explores representations of the health service and notions of gendered healthcare professionalism in postwar Britain. I argue that rather than presenting ‘retrograde’ and ‘limited’ views of women’s lives, medical Mills & Boon novels frequently put forward nuanced versions of womanhood, professional identity, clinical labour, and the effective functioning of the welfare state.
Most Dogs Are Not NATIVE Dogs
Authors: Koster Jeremy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Studies of dogs have proliferated among canine scientists, aided in part by the logistical convenience of working with owned animals whose care is handled by others. These pet dogs are unlike most dogs that have lived in contemporary or prehistoric settings. In particular, many of the dogs studied by canine scientists are NATIVE dogs: (1) neutered, (2) alimented, (3) trained, (4) isolated, (5) vaccinated, and (6) engineered. The distinct genotypes and unusual environments of NATIVE dogs stand in contrast to the characteristics of dogs who have adapted to lives in other human communities and settings. For a holistic perspective on the evolution of dogs, it is helpful to study dogs in environments that share features of the settings in which dogs evolved.
Intraprocedural arrhythmia termination as an end point for hybrid ablation in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: a 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Tan Chen , Zeng Li-Jun , Shi Hai-Feng , Tian Ying , Ma Nan , Liu Hao , Li Sheng-Chao , Hu Xue-Hong , Mei Ju , Liu Xing-Peng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Hybrid catheter and surgical ablation has emerged as an effective therapy for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between intraprocedural arrhythmia termination and the long-term outcomes of hybrid ablation in patients with long-standing persistent AF.

METHODS
From May 2015 through April 2019, 50 patients with persistent AF with a mean duration of 73.3 ± 62.1 (median 54) months underwent single-step hybrid ablation. Pulmonary vein isolation, left atrial posterior wall isolation and left atrial appendage excision or closure were performed through a left-sided thoracoscopic approach. Subsequently, all patients underwent high-density endocardial mapping and electrogram-based ablation with the end point of AF termination.

RESULTS
We achieved intraprocedural AF termination in 84% (42/50) patients; this end point was reached in 16 patients during surgical ablation and in 26 patients during catheter ablation. Seven patients underwent repeat catheter ablation. After a mean follow-up period of 29 ± 13 months, the freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia of a single procedure without the use of antiarrhythmic drugs was 70% (35/50). In the Cox regression model, intraprocedural termination of AF (hazard ratio 0.205, 95% confidence interval 0.058–0.730; P = 0.014) was the sole predictor of success.

CONCLUSIONS
The 2-year outcomes of a one-stop hybrid ablation with an end point of AF termination are promising in patients with long-standing persistent AF.
Cohomology Groups for Spaces of Twelve-Fold Tilings
Authors: Bédaride Nicolas , Gähler Franz , Lecuona Ana G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider tilings of the plane with twelve-fold symmetry obtained by the cut-and-projection method. We compute their cohomology groups using the techniques introduced in [ 9]. To do this, we completely describe the window, the orbits of lines under the group action, and the orbits of 0-singularities. The complete family of generalized twelve-fold tilings can be described using two-parameters and it presents a surprisingly rich cohomological structure. To put this finding into perspective, one should compare our results with the cohomology of the generalized five-fold tilings (more commonly known as generalized Penrose tilings). In this case, the tilings form a one-parameter family, which fits in simply one of the two types of cohomology.
Introduction, Transmission Dynamics, and Fate of Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Lineages in Santa Clara County, California
Authors: Villarino Elsa , Deng Xianding , Kemper Carol A , Jorden Michelle A , Bonin Brandon , Rudman Sarah L , Han George S , Yu Guixia , Wang Candace , Federman Scot , Bushnell Brian ,   CZB COVIDTracker Consortium, Wadford Debra A , Lin Wen , Tao Ying , Paden Clinton R , Bhatnagar Julu , MacCannell Tara , Tong Suxiang , Batson Joshua , Chiu Charles Y 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe combined viral genome sequencing with contact tracing to investigate introduction and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 lineages in Santa Clara County, California, from 27 January to 21 March 2020. From 558 persons with coronavirus disease 2019, 101 genomes from 143 available clinical samples comprised 17 lineages, including SCC1 (n = 41), WA1 (n = 9; including the first 2 reported deaths in the United States, with postmortem diagnosis), D614G (n = 4), ancestral Wuhan Hu-1 (n = 21), and 13 others (n = 26). Public health intervention may have curtailed the persistence of lineages that appeared transiently during February and March. By August, only D614G lineages introduced after 21 March were circulating in Santa Clara County.