bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Issue on Application of Robot and AI
Authors: Asakawa Naoki 
Published: March 2021

Due to changes in the global industrial structure, the number of employees in the manufacturing industry has decreased in developed countries. One of solutions to this situation offered in Industry 4.0 is “the utilization of robots and AI as alternatives to skilled workers.” This solution has been applied to various operations conventionally performed by skilled workers and has yielded consistent results. A skilled worker has two skills, namely, “physical operation skill” and “decision making skill,” which correspond to the utilization of robots and AI, respectively.
Conventionally, robots have simply played back programs they were taught. However, owing to feedback technologies using force, position, or various other sensors, robots have come to be able to perform smart operations. In some of these, the capabilities of robots exceed those of human workers. For example, while humans are highly adaptive to various operations, it is difficult for them to maintain a constant force or position for long periods of time.
Generally, humans make decisions about operations according to their experience, and this experience is gained from many instances of trial and error. Now, the trial-and-error learning of AI has become significantly superior to that of humans in terms of both number and speed. As a result, many systems can find operational strategies or answers much faster than humans can.
This special issue features papers on robot hands, path planning, kinematics, and AI. Papers related to robot hands present an actuator using new principles, new movements, and the realization of the precise sense of the human hand. Papers related to path planning present path generation on the basis of CAD data, path generation using image processing, automatic path generation on the basis of environmental information, and the prediction of error and correction. Path generation using VR technology and error compensation using an AI technique are also presented. A paper related to kinematics presents the analysis and evaluation of a new mechanism with the aim of new applications in the field of machining.
In closing, I would like to thank the authors, reviewers, and editors, without whose hard work and earnest cooperation this issue could not have been completed and presented.
Substitution of the Fermented Cocoa Pod Waste in to the Grass Based Diet on Performance of Bligon Goat
Authors: Yakin Engkus Ainul , Sukaryani Sri , Purwati Catur Suci 
Published: March 2021

This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of fermented cocoa pod as feed for Bligon goats. Sixteen Bligon goat with a body weight of 11-13 kg were put into individual cages which were equipped with feed and drink containers. The study design used a randomized block design, where initial body weight in as peragam with four treatments and four replications. Fermented cocoa pod used Trametes versicolor. The experimental treatments were T1= 30% of fresh king grass + 50% of dried king grass + 20% of concentrate; T2= 30% of fresh king grass + 30% of dried king grass + 40% of concentrate; T3= 30% of fresh king grass + 30% of cocoa pod + 40% of concentrate; and T4= 30% of fresh king grass + 30% of cocoa pod fermented + 40% of concentrate. Observed variables were feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion. The result showed that fermented cocoa pod at the level of 30% had higher (P<0.05) infeed intake (560.33 g day-1), body weight gain (101.79 g head-1day-1), and feed conversion (5.50) compared to other treatments. The conclusion of this study were the use of 30% cocoa pod fermented in the ration showed the best body weight gain and feed conversion on Bligon goat performance.
Deepwater debrites and linked megaturbidites in confined basins: An example from the Onnuri Basin, East Sea of Korea
Authors: Cukur Deniz , Um In-Kwon , Chun Jong-Hwa , Lee Gwang-Soo , Kong Gee-Soo , Johnson Samuel Y. , Horozal Senay 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTWe analyzed data from seven piston cores, multi-channel seismic-reflection (MCS) and chirp profiles, and multibeam echosounder (MBES) data to study the distribution, emplacement time, sedimentary facies, and depositional processes of sediment-gravity-flow deposits in the Onnuri Basin, a confined basin in the East Sea. These data reveal that debris flows have traveled ca. 30 km downslope, forming a seismic facies consisting of stacked, wedge-shaped, transparent units separated by high-amplitude continuous reflectors. Analysis of piston cores shows three distinct sedimentary units, throughout the basin. The lowest unit, I, is a debrite containing numerous mud clasts of varying size and color distributed in a mud-rich matrix; it is absent over elevated basinal highs or ridges, such as the Onnuri Ridge, suggesting that local topography controls its distribution. The debrite forms a recognizable acoustically transparent layer on subbottom chirp profiles (av. 7 m thick), covers approximately 500 km2, and has an estimated volume of ∼ 3.5 km3.The overlying unit, II, contains normally graded beds composed of massive sand, laminated and cross-laminated sand and silt, and a thick cap of structureless mud. This unit is interpreted to be a megaturbidite deposited from turbidity currents that originated from the flow transformation of debris flows on the upper continental slope. The megaturbidite covers the entire basin (at least 650 km2), and has an average thickness of 2.8 m (maximum thickness of 4.35 m), and comprises a volume of 1.8 km3. Variations in grain size and sedimentary structures suggest that the megaturbidite was deposited by progressively waning flows that reflected off basin flanks and ridges. The thick (up to 3.65 m) structureless mud cap further indicates deposition in a confined basin. The sharp basal contact, together with the lack of hemipelagic sediments between debrite and overlying megaturbidite, suggest that both were deposited during the same flow event, likely to have originated from a single catastrophic slope failure. Collapsing slide material evolved into a debris flow, from which a turbidite formed by dilution of the debris flow. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the slope failure occurred about 13–11 ka, a time when sea level was ca. 50 m lower than at the present day. Hemipelagic sediments in the topmost unit, III-2, above the megaturbidite indicate that the basin has been stable since ca. 11 ka.We provide robust evidence that submarine slope failures evolve downslope into slides, debris flows, and finally, thick megaturbidites. This contribution highlights the importance of seafloor morphology on the distribution and stratigraphy of submarine flows in confined basins.
Air Quality and Health Benefits of Methane Policies in the United States Oil &amp; Gas Sector
Authors: Buonocore Jonathan , Reka Srinivas , Yang Dongmei , Chang Charles , Roy Ananya , Thompson Tammy , Lyon David , McVay Renee , Michanowicz Drew , Arunachalam Saravanan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In 2016, air pollution from oil & gas (O&G) production in the U.S. resulted in 7,500 (95% CI: 4,500 - 12,000) excess deaths among many other health impacts, valued at $77 billion ($2016 USD) (95% CI: $27 billion - $170 billion). An ambitious methane reduction policy in 2028 would result in 1,400 (820 - 2,300) deaths compared to 2028 business as usual, while other policies would have modest effects. Regions without O&G activity experienced impact from the sector and benefits from emissions reductions. On a per ton basis, the health co-benefits per methane reduction from each policy were ~5x lower than health co-impacts from the whole production sector, since policies only apply to specific O&G production processes. We show that there are still substantial health co-benefits to policies that reduce methane emissions, however the health co-benefits can be enhanced if emissions reduction policies cover more components of O&G production.
Impact and Association of Anaemia Severity and Its Treatment With Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients in Malaysia
Authors: Muthanna Fares M.S , Hassan Bassam Abdul Rasool , Mohammed Ali Haider , Karuppannan Mahmathi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the level of anaemia severity, evaluate the current treatment practice of anaemia, and to determine the association between anaemia level and its management on quality of life of breast cancer patients in Malaysia. Methods A prospective study design was conducted among breast cancer patients in multicancer centers in Malaysia including three follow ups. Clinical data were collected from their medical records and at each follow up, they were required to fill in a functional assessment chronic therapy (FACT-An) questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were done using SPSS. Results Out of 120 participants, 32% received anaemia treatment. Out of 32% who received anti-anaemic medication, the majority of patients (87%) were prescribed with iron supplementation and only 13% received combination of blood transfusion and iron therapy and no one received erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs). Findings reported that the curve of the mean of QOL score and Hb level significantly declined across the three follow-ups (p<0.005). Statistical tests also indicated a significant association between anti-anaemic treatments with haemoglobin level and QOL scores. However, this association was insufficient to significantly improve QOL or palliate anaemia severity among participants.Conclusion There is still a lot of gaps to improve in the management of anaemia among breast cancer patients to show a significant improvement in haemoglobin level. Therefore, respective organisations and oncologists are required to raise awareness about the optimal treatment of anaemia among breast cancer patients, as a result, improve general wellbeing of them.
Comparisons of Growth Features and Cancer Stem Cell Prevalences in Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Sontag David P , Burczynski Frank , Xi Shengyan , Gong Yuewen , Minuk Gerald 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Intra- and extra- hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (I-CCA and E-CCA respectively) exhibit different growth features that contribute to different clinical outcomes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) influence tumor growth and thereby, may be responsible for these differences. The aim of this study was to document and compare the growth features of human I-CCA and E-CCA cell lines and determine whether any differences observed could be explained by differences in the prevalence and/or stem cell surface marker (SCSM) expression profiles of CSCs within the tumor cell lines. Methods: Six CCA cells lines, three I-CCA and three E-CCA, were studied. Tumor cell growth features including cell proliferation, colony/spheroid formation, migration and invasion were documented. CSC prevalence and SCSM expression profiles were examined by flow cytometry. Results: I-CCA cells had significantly increased proliferative activity, shorter doubling times and were more invasive than E-CCA cells, while colony/spheroid formation and migration were similar in the two cell populations. There were no significant differences in CSC prevalences and/or SCSM expression profiles. Conclusion: These findings suggest that I-CCA cells proliferate at a more rapid rate and are more invasive than E-CCA cells but the differences cannot be explained by differences in the prevalence or SCSM expression profiles of CSCs within the tumor cell population.
Nanometer Effect Promoting Arsenic Removal on α-MnO2 Nano-surface in Aqueous Solution: DFT+U&nbsp;Research
Authors: Li Guifa , Zhao Pengsen , Zheng Haizhong , Yang Lixia , Geng Yongxiang , Peng Ping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nanometer effect in the process of arsenic ions removal on α-MnO2 nano-surface is studied by first-principles method through microfacet models. Several parameters, such as adhesion energy, electrostatic potential, Mulliken population were calculated to illuminate the internal mechanism. The results show that the adsorption energies of As(OH)3 molecules on MnO2[(100×110)] nanostructure are smaller than that on bulk surface with the same concentration, which means the nanometer effect is beneficial to enhance the adsorption ability of MnO2 nano-surface. In aqueous solution, there exist two possible removal ways of As ions. One is the direct reaction of As(OH)3→As(OH)6-, which occurs both in bulk surface and nano-surface. However to nanomaterials, there exists another removal way of As(OH)3→As(OH)4→As(OH)6- through an intermediate As(OH)4 molecule produced by nanometer effect. Furthermore the smaller electrostatic potential of As ions on [(100×110)] nano-surface is beneficial to enhance the removal capability of As ions. Then the reason why MnO2 nanomaterials have better catalytic activity than the bulk materials is originated from its much less adhesion energy, much more removal ways and much smaller electrostatic potential. So this research provides a detailed understanding on the removal capability of toxic ions influenced by nanometer effect.
Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Lyoo Kwang-Soo , Yeo Yoonhwan , Lee Sung-Geun , Yeom Minjoo , Bae Eun-Hye , Lee Joo-Yeon , Kim Kyung-Chang , Song Daesub 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in unprecedented challenges to healthcare worldwide. In particular, the anthroponotic transmission of human coronaviruses has become a common concern among pet owners. Here, we experimentally inoculated beagle dogs with SARS-CoV-2 or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV to compare the viral susceptibility and pathogenicity. The dogs exhibited weight loss and increased body temperature and shed the viruses in nasal secretion, faeces, and urine. Mild interstitial pneumonia lesions were observed in the lung tissues of infected dogs. Additionally, clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as increased lactate dehydrogenase levels was observed in the current study.
Harnessing the Sars-cov-2 Spike Protein Binding Affinity to Ace2 Receptor Through Narcotinic Compounds Combined With Adjuvants: an in Silico Insight
Authors: Mohammadi Saeedeh , Doustkhah Esmail , Sakhaee Nader , Esmailpour Ayoub , Esmailpour Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Protein products of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) coding gene sequence, were all analyzed and compared to other SARS-CoV S proteins to elucidate structural similarities of spike proteins. A homology modeling of SARS-CoV-2 S protein was obtained and used in molecular docking studies to find binding affinities of spike protein for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The two most important binding sites of S protein, namely, RBD and CTD, critically responsible for binding interactions, were identified. Finally, binding affinity of RBD and CTD domains of S protein with narcotic analgesics are studied. Moreover, interactions of ACE2 receptor- S protein with narcotic compounds when mixed with small molecule adjuvants to improve the immune response and increase the efficacy of potential vaccines, were taken into consideration. In-silico results suggest that the combination of narcotine hemiacetal with mannide monooleate shows a stronger binding affinity with CTD, while carprofen-muramyl dipeptide and squalene have stronger binding affinities for the RBD portion of S protein. Thus, a suitable combination of these narcotic is proposed to yield potent site-blocking efficacy for ACE2 receptor against SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.
How to Inject Ictal SPECT? From Manual to Automated Injection
Authors: Setoain Xavier , Campos Francisco , Donaire Antonio , Mayoral Maria , Perissinotti Andres , Niñeroma-Baizan Aida , Bargallo Nuria , Rumia Jordi , Pintor Luis , Boget Teresa , Carreño Mar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSuccessful surgery depends on the accurate localization of epileptogenic zone before surgery. Ictal SPECT is the only imaging modality that allows identification of the ictal onset zone by measuring the regional cerebral blood flow at the time of injection. The main limitations of ictal SPECT in epilepsy are the complex methodology of the tracer injection during a seizure. To overcome these limitations, we present the main features of the first automated injector for ictal SPECT (epijet, LemerPax; La Chapelle -sur-Erdre; France). In this study we compared traditional manual injection with automated injection for ictal SPECT in122 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. MethodsThe study included 55 consecutive prospective patients with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing injection with the automated injector. The control group was our retrospective database of a historic pool of 67 patients, injected manually from 2014-2016. Calculated annual exposure/radioactive dose for operators was measured. Injection time, seizure focus localization with ictal SPECT, as well as repeated hospitalizations related to fails injections were compared in these two groups of patients. ResultsThere were no differences in the average injection time with epijet (13 s) compared with the traditional manual injection (14s). The seizure focus was successfully localized with ictal SPECT with epijet in 44/55 (80%) patients and with manual injection in 46/67 (68%) patients (p=0.694). Repeated studies were required in 16/67 (23%) patients in the manual injection group compared to 4 patients (7%) in the epijet group (p=0.022). Calculated annual exposure/dose for operators of 0.39 mSv/year and administered dose error inferior to 5% are other advantages of epijet. ConclusionThe first results using epijet are promising in adjustment of the injection dose, reducing the rate of radiation exposure for patients and nurses, maintaining the same injection time and allowing high SPECT accuracy. These preliminary results support the use of an automated injection system to inject radioactive ictal SPECT doses in epilepsy units.
The Lived Experiences of Postpartum Women in Ghana Regarding Nursing Care During Childbirth and Their Concept of Care-A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Danzima Nicholas Yakubu , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Arpi Manookian , Buunaaim Alexis Dun Boib , Tijani Aliyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies have confirmed that the nurse during the period of delivery would be the deciding factor whether the woman would have a positive or negative birth experience. This positive or negative experience depends on the quality of nursing during this period. Hence it is important to know the concept of care from the perspective of postpartum women and their lived experience of nursing care during the period of childbirth. This is because patients’ satisfactory of services rendered is a yardstick for measuring quality of care. However, there is no literature on the lived experience of postpartum women regarding the nursing care rendered to them during childbirth and the viewpoint of postpartum women on the concept of care in the context of Ghanaian health system. Accordingly the objective of the study was to discover the concept of care from the viewpoint of postpartum women and their lived experience of nursing care in the labor ward of Tamale Teaching Hospital. Methods: Using a descriptive phenomenological method, this study was conducted on 10 women who had given birth. A purposive sampling technique was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews which lasted between 30 to 45 minutes. All participants were made to sign a consent form before participating. Data analysis was done using Colaizzi’s method. Results: Analysis of the interview transcripts depicting the women’s concept of care and experience of nursing care rendered to them during labor and delivery revealed three main themes: (1) Emotional, physical and informational support (2) Pampering and nice communication and (3) Cordial relationship. These women considered these concepts as good nursing care and that care can only be considered as good care if it entails these concepts.Conclusions and implications for practice: It is recommended that midwives and nurses as well as other health workers who nurse pregnant women during childbirth consider the experiences and viewpoint of women regarding their concept of care. The concepts of emotional, physical and informational support, pampering and nice communication and cordial relationship should be taking into consideration when nursing them. This will lead to taking care of them according to their preferences, wishes, needs and values which will lead to their satisfaction and hence quality of care since quality of care is determined by patient’s satisfaction. This will also lead to targeted, individualized, patient centered care for these women.
Clinical Impact of Visually Assessed Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Septic Shock
Authors: Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Kasugai Daisuke , Ozaki Masayuki , Goto Yukari , Jingushi Naruhiro , Higashi Michiko , Nishida Kazuki , Kondo Toru , Furusawa Kenji , Morimoto Ryota , Okumura Takahiro , Matsuda Naoyuki , Matsui Shigeyuki , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study retrospectively analyzed data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III critical care database to determine whether visually-assessed right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was associated with clinical outcomes in septic shock patients. Associations between visually-assessed RV dysfunction by echocardiography and in-hospital mortality, lethal arrhythmia, and hemodynamic indicators to determine the prognostic value of RV dysfunction in patients with septic shock were analyzed. Propensity score analysis showed RV dysfunction increased risk of in-hospital death in patients with septic shock (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99–2.32; P<0.0010. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, RV dysfunction was associated with in-hospital death (OR, 2.19; 95%CI, 1.91–2.53; P<0.001), lethal arrhythmia (OR, 2.19; 95%CI, 1.34–3.57; P<0.001), and tendency for increased blood lactate levels (OR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.14–1.50; P<0.001) independent of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. RV dysfunction patients had lower cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressure index, and RV stroke work index than those without RV dysfunction. In patients with septic shock, visually-assessed RV dysfunction was associated with in-hospital mortality, lethal arrhythmia, and circulatory insufficiency independent of LV dysfunction. Visual assessment of RV dysfunction using echocardiography might predict the short-term prognosis of patients with septic shock by reflecting hemodynamic status.
Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Ultrafine Grinding of Potassium-bearing Shale and the Feasibility of Roasting Pre-cracking
Authors: Zhu Zaisheng , He Zhenquan , Gai Guosheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As potassium-bearing shale is still being developed as a potential alternative to potash, the first step to improve its utilisation is to reduce its particle size. This paper explores whether roasting pre-cracked potassium-bearing shale can improve the quality of ultra-fine crushing products. By analysing the particle size distribution and the fractal dimension of the particle size distribution, the results for 1 h and 2 h roasting pre-cracking experiments were found to be contradictory. AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the three indicators of product quality and quantity was used, resulting in a unique indicator. Roasting pre-cracking for 2 h was found to have a facilitating effect, with the average of the three fuzzy comprehensive evaluation values increasing from 0.71 to 0.78. The great difference in cost outlay suggests that the technique is not suitable for industrial applications. Subsequently, two groups of microwave pretreatment experiments were carried out but led to unsatisfactory results in which microwave pretreatment was not conducive to the ultrafine grinding of potassium-bearing shale.