bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic pelvic tilt during gait alters functional cup position in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Weber Markus , Suess Franz , Jerabek Seth A. , Meyer Matthias , Grifka Joachim , Renkawitz Tobias , Dendorfer Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStatic pelvic tilt impacts functional cup position in total hip arthroplasty (THA). In the current study we investigated the effect of kinematic pelvic changes on cup position. In the course of a prospective controlled trial postoperative 3D‐computed tomography (CT) and gait analysis before and 6 and 12 months after THA were obtained in 60 patients. Kinematic pelvic motion during gait was measured using Anybody Modeling System. By fusion with 3D‐CT, the impact of kinematic pelvic tilt alterations on cup anteversion and inclination was calculated. Furthermore, risk factors correlating with high pelvic mobility were evaluated. During gait a high pelvic range of motion up to 15.6° exceeding 5° in 61.7% (37/60) of patients before THA was found. After surgery, the pelvis tilted posteriorly by a mean of 4.0 ± 6.6° (p < .001). The pelvic anteflexion led to a mean decrease of −1.9 ± 2.2° (p < .001) for cup inclination and −15.1 ± 6.1° (p < .001) for anteversion in relation to the anterior pelvic plane (APP). Kinematic pelvic changes resulted in a further change up to 2.3° for inclination and up to 12.3° for anteversion. In relation to the preoperative situation differences in postoperative cup position ranged from −4.4 to 4.6° for inclination and from −7.8 to 17.9° for anteversion, respectively. Female sex (p < .001) and normal body weight (p < .001) correlated with high alterations in pelvic tilt. Kinematic pelvic changes highly impact cup anteversion in THA. Surgeons using the APP as reference should aim for a higher anteversion of about 15° due to the functional anteflexion of the pelvis during gait.
Nitrate and nitrite pathways and dynamic changes in bacterial communities during beet sugar processing
Authors: Zhang Shuanghong , Wu Ziyi , Wang Jian , Zhang Sicong , Zhao Shuna , Li He , Zhao Jinli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBacterial community successions were surveyed during the processing stages of sugar production using high‐throughput sequencing methods. Furthermore, the correlation between bacterial community and nitrate/nitrite content in beet sugar processing were investigated.ResultsIn an analysis of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene, 254 122 effective sequences were obtained from samples, which included sugar beet, cossettes, diffusion juice, second‐phase diffusion juice, light juice and thick juice. The results showed that dominant genera included Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Leuconostoc and Burkholderia. Moreover, significant changes in bacterial communities were observed in samples. Regarding the relevant nitrogen metabolic potential, this study revealed communities with the ability for nitrate and nitrite metabolism. Furthermore, a shaking experiment involving diffusion juice and second‐phase diffusion juice was performed, and results showed that the nitrate level declined 73% and 98% in 36 h, respectively. These results suggested that the bacterial communities contribute to nitrate and nitrite transformation.ConclusionThis study illustrated that the bacterial communities and their specific effects on the formation of nitrate and nitrite during beet sugar processing. The results presented the basic concept involving the nitrate‐ and nitrite‐forming pathways directly related to the mechanism of bacterial community growth. This study could facilitate an understanding of the correlation between nitrite content and microorganisms to guide beet sugar manufacturers regarding the control of nitrite and nitrate content. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thyroarytenoid Muscle Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Early‐Onset Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lechner Sarah A. , Kletzien Heidi , Gammie Stephen C. , Kelm‐Nelson Cynthia A. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives/HypothesisVoice disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) are early‐onset, manifest in the preclinical stages of the disease, and negatively impact quality of life. The complete loss of function in the PTEN‐induced kinase 1 gene (Pink1) causes a genetic form of early‐onset, autosomal recessive PD. Modeled after the human inherited mutation, the Pink1−/− rat demonstrates significant cranial sensorimotor dysfunction including declines in ultrasonic vocalizations. However, the underlying genetics of the vocal fold thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle that may contribute to vocal deficits has not been studied. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in the TA muscle of 8‐month‐old male Pink1−/− rats compared to wildtype controls.Study DesignAnimal experiment with control.MethodsHigh throughput RNA sequencing was used to examine TA muscle gene expression in adult male Pink1−/− rats and wildtype controls. Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis was used to construct co‐expression modules to identify biological networks, including where Pink1 was a central node. The ENRICHR tool was used to compare this gene set to existing human gene databases.ResultsWe identified 134 annotated differentially expressed genes (P < .05 cutoff) and observed enrichment in the following biological pathways: Parkinson's disease (Casp7, Pink1); Parkin‐Ubiquitin proteasome degradation (Psmd12, Psmd7); MAPK signaling (Casp7, Ppm1b, Ppp3r1); and inflammatory TNF‐α, Nf‐κB Signaling (Casp7, Psmd12, Psmd7, Cdc34, Bcl7a, Peg3).ConclusionsGenes and pathways identified here may be useful for evaluating the specific mechanisms of peripheral dysfunction including within the laryngeal muscle and have potential to be used as experimental biomarkers for treatment development.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2874–E2879, 2021
A Systematic Review on Surgical Treatments for Sulcus Vocalis and Vocal Fold Scar
Authors: Medeiros Nuno , Castro Maria Eugénia Morais , van Lith‐Bijl Julie Titske , Desuter Gauthier René Raymond 
Published: May 2021

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold sulcus and scars are benign vocal fold lesions that present as a challenge to the laryngologist. A number of different surgical techniques have been proposed, aiming at restoring the lamina propria (LP), closing the glottal gap, or both. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of surgical treatment for sulcus and scar and to propose a new classification for these techniques.Study DesignA literature search using MEDLINE and Google Scholar through August 2020.MethodsData on study design were retrieved and outcomes were classified as acoustic, aerodynamic, self‐reported, perceptual, and stroboscopic. Methodological quality was assessed using the MINORs criteria. Each technique was classified as direct, indirect, or combined.ResultsOur search included 31 studies with a total of 617 patients. Direct techniques included dissection, graft interposition, or LP regeneration/scar degradation while indirect techniques aimed for glottal gap closure. Only one article performed a comparison between different types of techniques and only eight studied the five types of outcomes. No superiority of any technique was noted in our analysis. Self‐reported outcomes were the most frequently improved.ConclusionsThere seems to not exist a one‐fits‐all treatment for this clinical picture and no clear decision‐making pattern. A recent trend toward sequential approaches, starting with less invasive procedures, can be observed.Laryngoscope, 132:822–830, 2022
The killer within: Endogenous bacteria accelerate oyster mortality during sustained anoxia
Authors: Coffin Michael R. S. , Clements Jeff C. , Comeau Luc A. , Guyondet Thomas , Maillet Michelle , Steeves Laura , Winterburn Keryn , Babarro José M. F. , Mallet Martin A. , Haché Rémy , Poirier Luke A. , Deb Saswati , Filgueira Ramon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSustained periods of anoxia, driven by eutrophication, threaten coastal marine systems and can lead to mass mortalities of even resilient animals such as bivalves. While mortality rates under anoxia are well‐studied, the specific mechanism(s) of mortality are less clear. We used a suite of complementary techniques (LT50, histology, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and valvometry) to show that the proliferation of anaerobic bacteria within eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) accelerates mortality rate under anoxic conditions. Manipulative laboratory experiments revealed that oyster survival under anoxic conditions was halved when bacteria were present compared to when they were excluded by the broad‐spectrum antibiotic chloramphenicol. Histological assessments supported this mechanism and showed infiltration of bacteria in oysters that were not treated with antibiotics compared to a general lack of bacteria when oysters were treated with antibiotics. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing failed to identify any particular genera of bacteria responsible for mortality, rather a diversity of endogenous anaerobic and/or sulfate‐reducing bacteria were common among oysters. In addition, monitoring of oyster valve gaping behavior in the field revealed that oysters showed remarkable valve closure synchrony when first exposed to anoxia. However, oysters periodically opened throughout anoxia/hypoxia in both the lab and field, suggesting that the infiltration of exogenous bacteria from the environment may also influence mortality rates under natural settings. Coupled with previous studies, we posit that mass mortality events in a wide range of coastal bivalves are likely the result of co‐morbidity from asphyxiation and bacterial processes.
High Strength and Barrier Properties of Biodegradable PPC/PBSA Blends Prepared by Reaction Compatibilization for Promising Application in Packaging
Authors: Jiang Guo , Yu Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPoly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)/poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene adipate) (PBSA) blends are prepared via melt mixing using a twin‐screw extruder. A one‐step method based on the reaction compatibilization mechanism is used to prepare PPC/PBSA/AX8900(ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate random terpolymer) blends. The films of blends are prepared by an extrusion blown film machine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that there is a strong hydrogen bonding between PPC and PBSA. The epoxy group of AX8900 can react with molecular chains of PPC and PBSA. It is shown from the rheological behavior that AX8900 can extend the molecular chains and increase the compatibility of PPC and PBSA. The films of PPC/PBSA blends exhibit more orientation structure than pure PPC film. The tensile strength of machine direction and transverse direction for 70PPC/30PBSA/1AX8900 film is higher than that for pure PPC film. The PPC/PBSA/AX8900 films have similar excellent barrier properties, compared with PPC film. The modified Maxwell theoretical model is used to predict and analyze changes in film barrier properties.
Primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori isolates is twofold more frequent in HIV‐positive than HIV‐negative individuals: A descriptive observational study
Authors: Nkuize Marcel , Vanderpas Jean , Buset Michel , Gomez‐Galdon Maria , Delforge Marc , Miendje‐Deyi Véronique Yvette , Muls Vinciane , De Wit Stéphane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from HIV‐positive individuals is not well characterized. This study aimed to measure the prevalence and long‐term trends associated with primary H. pylori antibiotic resistance, evaluate correlations with antibiotic consumption, and compare predictors for H. pylori antibiotic resistance between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative individuals. In this longitudinal registry study, we evaluated consecutive adults with and without HIV infection, naïve to H. pylori treatment, who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and had a positive H. pylori culture, with susceptibility testing available, between 2004 and 2015. Outpatient antibiotic consumption data were based on nationwide aggregated numbers. H. pylori was isolated from gastric biopsies of 3008/8321 patients, 181/477 (37.9%) were HIV‐positive and 2827/7844 (36.0%) HIV‐negative. Overall cohort mean prevalence of H. pylori primary antibiotic resistance was 11.1% for clarithromycin, 17.8% levofloxacin, and 39.4% metronidazole. The prevalence of H. pylori primary resistance was significantly higher for these three drugs in HIV‐positive individuals across the study period. Linear regression showed that the prevalence of clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance correlated with the country aggregate daily dose consumption of macrolides and quinolones, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis showed that HIV infection is a strong independent risk factor for multiple H. pylori antibiotic resistance. In summary, HIV infection is a risk factor for carrying multi‐resistant H. pylori strains and this is correlated with antibiotic consumption. Empirical therapies should be avoided in HIV‐positive individuals. These data highlight the need to implement ongoing monitoring of H. pylori antimicrobial susceptibility among HIV‐positive individuals. The study is registered at ISRCTN registry, number 13466428: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13466428.
Progression in Parkinson's Disease: Variation in Motor and Non‐motor Symptoms Severity and Predictors of Decline in Cognition, Motor Function, Disability, and Health‐Related Quality of Life as Assessed by Two Different Methods
Authors: Bugalho Paulo , Ladeira Filipa , Barbosa Raquel , Marto João Pedro , Borbinha Claudia , da Conceição Laurete , Salavisa Manuel , Saraiva Marlene , Meira Bruna , Fernandes Marco 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is multi‐symptom disease with variable progression.ObjectivesWe performed a longitudinal study to address the evolution of motor symptoms (MS) and non‐motor symptoms (NMS), predictors of motor‐, cognitive‐, disability‐, and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) status and the relative usefullness of a battery of separate NMS scales (BSS) versus the Non‐Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS).MethodsSeventy‐two patients were assessed at baseline and 4 years later with the NMSS and BSS. We assessed the following outcomes: cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale [MoCA]), disability (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part II [UPDRS II], Schwab and England [S&E]), motor dysfunction (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III [UPDRS III], Hoehn and Yahr [HY]), and HRQL (EuroQol [EQ] EQ‐vertical visual analogue scale [VAS] and EQ‐Index). Statistical analysis included a comparison between scales scores at both time points and multivariate regression analysis to calculate the impact of each baseline symptom in outcomes. NMSS and BSS were introduced in separate models.ResultsNMSS Domain 4: perception/hallucinations, Parkinson's Psychosis Questionnaire, Apathy Scale, NMSS Domain 7: urinary, S&E, UPDRS II, HY, and MoCA scores worsened significantly. Dementia increased to a 4‐year prevalence of 39.8%. In the multivariate model using BSS, cognitive state variation was significantly predicted by baseline HY, EQ‐Index, and S&E. Using the NMSS, MoCA change was significantly associated with NMSS Domain 4: perceptions/hallucination score, cognitive status with UPDRS III score, HRQL with NMSS Domain 4: perception/hallucinations score, and S&E.ConclusionOur study suggests that NMS progress heterogeneously, BSS approach being more sensitive to change than NMSS. The multivariate analysis has shown that S&E and NMSS Domain 4: perception/hallucinations scores are the stronger predictors of HRQL and cognitive dysfunction variation, favoring NMSS over the BSS approach.
Implementation of fragile X syndrome carrier screening during prenatal diagnosis: A pilot study at a single center
Authors: Xi Hui , Xie Wanqin , Chen Jing , Tang Wanglan , Deng Xiuli , Li Hua , Peng Ying , Wang Dan , Yang Shuting , Zhang Yanan , Duan Ranhui , Fang Junqun , Wang Hua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability. Prenatal screening of FXS allows for early identification and intervention. The present study explored the feasibility of FXS carrier screening during prenatal diagnosis for those who were not offered screening early in pregnancy or prior to conception.MethodsPregnant women to be offered amniotic fluid testing were recruited for the free voluntary carrier screening at a single center between August, 2017 and September, 2019. The number of CGG repeats in the 5’ un‐translated region of the fragile X mental retardation gene 1 (FMR1) was determined.Results4286 of 7000 (61.2%) pregnant women volunteered for the screening. Forty (0.93%), five (0.11%), and three (0.07%) carriers for intermediate mutation (45–54 repeats), premutation (55–200 repeats) and full mutation (>200 repeats) of the FMR1 gene were identified respectively. None of the detected premutation alleles were inherited by the fetuses. Of the three full mutation carrier mothers, all had a family history and one transmitted a full mutation allele to her male fetus.ConclusionImplementation of FXS carrier screening during prenatal diagnosis may be considered for the need to increase screening for FXS.
Slice encoding for the reduction of outflow signal artifacts in cine balanced SSFP imaging
Authors: Ali Fadil , Bydder Mark , Han Hui , Wang Da , Ghodrati Vahid , Gao Chang , Prosper Ashley , Nguyen Kim‐Lien , Finn J. Paul , Hu Peng 
Published: May 2021

PurposeStandard balanced SSFP (bSSFP) cine MRI often suffers from blood outflow artifacts. We propose a method that spatially encodes these outflowing spins to reduce their effects in the intended slice.MethodsBloch simulations were performed to characterize through‐plane flow and to investigate how the use of phase encoding along the slice select’s direction (“slice encoding”) could alleviate its issues. Phantom scans and in vivo cines were acquired on a 3T system, comparing the standard 2D acquisition to the proposed slice‐encoding method. Nineteen healthy volunteers were recruited for short‐axis and horizontal long‐axis oriented scans. An expert radiologist evaluated each slice‐encoded/standard cine pairs in a rank comparison test and graded their quality on a 1‐5 scale. The grades were used for a nonparametric paired evaluation for independent samples with a null hypothesis that there was no statistical difference between the two quality‐grade distributions for α = 0.05 significance.ResultsBloch simulation results demonstrated this technique’s feasibility, showing a fully resolved slice profile given a sufficient number of slice encodes. These results were confirmed with the phantom experiments. Each in vivo slice‐encoded cine had a higher quality than its corresponding standard acquisition. The nonparametric paired evaluation came to 0.01 significance, encouraging us to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that slice‐encoding effectively works in reducing outflow effects.ConclusionThe slice‐encoding balanced SSFP technique is helpful in mitigating outflow effects and is achievable within a single breath hold, being a useful alternative for cases in which the flow artifacts are significant.
Thermal behavior and dielectric response of epoxy–boron nitride composites reinforced with short human hair fiber
Authors: Nanda Bishnu Prasad , Satapathy Alok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolymer composites with low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity are gaining considerable attention due to their rising demand in various microelectronic applications such as printed circuit boards, connectors, encapsulations, and electrical contacts. In the present investigation, thermal and dielectric properties of a new class of epoxy‐based hybridized composites with improved thermal conductivity (k), high glass transition temperature (Tg), low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), controlled dielectric constant (Dk), and low dielectric loss (DL) have been reported. Epoxy‐based composites are fabricated by solution casting method with various wt% (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) of short hair fiber and with a fixed proportion of micro‐sized boron nitride (BN) (10 wt%) particles. Effects of fiber content on different thermal properties of the composites such as effective thermal conductivity (k), CTE, and Tg are studied by conducting tests as per appropriate American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Dielectric properties of the composite samples such as dielectric constant (Dk) and dielectric loss (DL) are evaluated in a HIOKI‐3532‐50 Hi Tester Elsier Analyzer. It is observed that with the addition of BN, thermal conductivity of the hybrid composite has significantly improved whereas the dielectric constant of the composite shows a decreasing trend with the increase in fiber content and operating frequency. There is also a marked improvement in the glass transition temperature of epoxy with the incorporation of short human hair fibers.
Challenges in providing residual risks in carrier testing
Authors: Nussbaum Robert Luke , Slotnick Robert Nathan , Risch Neil J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe probability an individual is a carrier for a recessive disorder despite a negative carrier test, referred to as residual risk, has been part of carrier screening for over 2 decades. Residual risks are calculated by subtracting the frequency of carriers of pathogenic variants detected by the test from the carrier frequency in a population, estimated from the incidence of the disease. Estimates of the incidence (and therefore carrier frequency) of many recessive disorders differ among different population groups and are inaccurate or unavailable for many genes on large carrier screening panels for most of the world's populations. The pathogenic variants detected by the test and their frequencies also vary across groups and over time as variants are newly discovered or reclassified, which requires today's residual carrier risks to be continually updated. Even when a residual carrier risk is derived using accurate data obtained in a particular group, it may not apply to many individuals in that group because of misattributed ancestry or unsuspected admixture. Missing or inaccurate data, the challenge of determining meaningful ancestry‐specific risks and applying them appropriately, and a lack of evidence they impact management, suggest that patients be counseled that although carrier screening may miss a small fraction of carriers, residual risks with contemporary carrier screening are well below the risk posed by invasive prenatal diagnosis, even if one member of the couple is a carrier, and that efforts to provide precise residual carrier risks are unnecessary.
Crack propagation behaviors in a nanoparticle‐filled rubber studied by in situ tensile electron microscopy
Authors: Watanabe Daisuke , Miyata Tomohiro , Nagao Tomohiko , Kumagai Akemi , Jinnai Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough fracture resistance is critical for rubber materials, the fracture mechanisms are poorly understood from a microscopic perspective. In this study, a crack propagation process in rubber with silica nanoparticles, which is commonly used to enhance the mechanical properties of rubber materials, was successfully observed in situ with nanoscale resolution using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The consecutive time‐sliced TEM images clarified that the crack tip propagated along the interfaces between the rubber matrix and aggregates of silica nanoparticles (rubber‐aggregate interfaces). Moreover, the path and propagation rate of the crack were significantly affected by the heterogeneous distribution of the silica aggregates, which resulted in a “stick–slip” propagation behavior of the crack tip. Detailed spatial strain analysis revealed that the local maximum principal strain () around the crack tip was nonuniform. The crack tip propagated through regions with large , delaminating the rubber‐aggregate interfaces. This study successfully demonstrated that the heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles significantly affects the fracture behavior of nanoparticle‐filled rubbers.