bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived impact of lockdown on daily life in children with physical disabilities and their families during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Varengue Roxane , Brochard Sylvain , Bouvier Sandra , Bailly Rodolphe , Houx Laetitia , Lempereur Mathieu , Kandalaft Christèle , Chatelin Alain , Vagnoni Jacky , Vuillerot Carole , Gautheron Vincent , Dheilly Elea , Pons Christelle , Dinomais Mickael , Cacioppo Marine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe first lockdown during COVID‐19 pandemic in France led to an abrupt change in children's daily lives. For children with physical disabilities and their families, activities were limited, access to healthcare and therapy was disrupted, and family organization was altered. The objective was to report the impact of the lockdown on daily life activities and well‐being of children with physical disabilities as perceived by caregivers.MethodsTwo online national surveys were addressed to the parents of children with physical disabilities (ECHO survey: 6 April to 11 May 2020) and without disabilities (E‐COPAIN survey: 24 April to 11 May 2020), confined at home during the lockdown. A lockdown impact score was calculated from difficulties related to children's well‐being (morale, behaviour and social interaction) and daily life activities (schooling and physical activity) and compared between groups. Data on family environment, parental stress and concerns were collected.ResultsOne thousand three hundred seventy‐six children (9.45 ± 4.78 years, 54% girls) in ECHO survey and 367 children (7.3 ± 4.4 years, 48% girls) in E‐COPAIN survey were included. A negative impact of lockdown was found on 81% of children with physical disabilities. Behavioural problems were significantly more frequent (59.5% vs. 47.4%, P < .005) and parental stress was higher (6.1 ± 3.33 vs. 5.3 ± 3.01, P = .005) in the ECHO group. Associated impairments (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45 [1.30–1.62], P < .001), parental stress (OR = 1.09 [1.06–1.12], P < .001) and continuation of rehabilitation (OR = 0.80 [0.72–0.89], P < .001) were determinants of the level of difficulty experienced.ConclusionsThe lockdown had a considerable, negative impact on the daily life of children with disabilities and their families. Guiding policymakers with the essential daily life activities and the services to provide for children with physical disabilities would offer valuable insights to manage such a sanitary crisis and allow to identify the most vulnerable population.
A splice site mutation in the TSEN2 causes a new syndrome with craniofacial and central nervous system malformations, and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Canpolat Nur , Liu Dingxiao , Atayar Emine , Saygili Seha , Kara Nazli Sila , Westfall Trudi A. , Ding Qiong , Brown Bartley J. , Braun Terry A. , Slusarski Diane , Karli Oguz Kader , Ozluk Yasemin , Tuysuz Beyhan , Tastemel Ozturk Tugba , Sever Lale , Sezerman Osman Ugur , Topaloglu Rezan , Caliskan Salim , Attanasio Massimo , Ozaltin Fatih 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecessive mutations in the genes encoding the four subunits of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex (TSEN54, TSEN34, TSEN15, and TSEN2) cause various forms of pontocerebellar hypoplasia, a disorder characterized by hypoplasia of the cerebellum and the pons, microcephaly, dysmorphisms, and other variable clinical features. Here, we report an intronic recessive founder variant in the gene TSEN2 that results in abnormal splicing of the mRNA of this gene, in six individuals from four consanguineous families affected with microcephaly, multiple craniofacial malformations, radiological abnormalities of the central nervous system, and cognitive retardation of variable severity. Remarkably, unlike patients with previously described mutations in the components of the TSEN complex, all the individuals that we report developed atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) with thrombotic microangiopathy, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, severe hypertension, and end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) early in life. Bulk RNA sequencing of peripheral blood cells of four affected individuals revealed abnormal tRNA transcripts, indicating an alteration of the tRNA biogenesis. Morpholino‐mediated skipping of exon 10 of tsen2 in zebrafish produced phenotypes similar to human patients. Thus, we have identified a novel syndrome accompanied by aHUS suggesting the existence of a link between tRNA biology and vascular endothelium homeostasis, which we propose to name with the acronym TRACK syndrome (TSEN2 Related Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, Craniofacial malformations, Kidney failure).
Thoracic transplantation during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ganapathi Asvin M. , Henn Matthew C. , Lampert Brent C. , Nunley David R. , Bumgardner Ginny , Mokadam Nahush A. , Whitson Bryan A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe worldwide pandemic caused by COVID‐19, resulting from the infection by betacoronarvirus SARS‐CoV‐2, has dramatically altered healthcare worldwide. Due to the highly contagious nature of SARS‐CoV2, coupled with hospitals and intensive care units being overwhelmed, numerous transplant programs either slowed or shut down completely. While there have been isolated reports of COVID‐19 in transplant recipients, no study to date has examined how COVID‐19 affected actual transplant patterns and outcomes in the United States. Of particular importance is the impact of COVID‐19 on mortality in waitlisted patients and transplant recipients. Using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) dataset, we compared waitlist and transplant characteristics from 3/2019‐8/2019 to 3/2020‐8/2020, as well as COVID‐19 associated mortality in patients with prior heart or lung transplant or those active on the waitlist. Overall, there was an initial decrease in transplant volume in April 2020; however, volumes have normalized since then, with comparable outcomes to similar calendar months in 2019. Additionally, there were no significant changes in post‐transplant outcomes or waiting list mortality. Given the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, it would be beneficial to maintain current practices for thoracic transplantation, to continue to provide this life‐saving therapy to those in need.
Applicability of the UK DCD risk score in the modern era of liver transplantation: A U.S. update
Authors: Wu W. Kelly , Ziogas Ioannis A. , Matsuoka Lea K. , Izzy Manhal , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCareful graft and recipient selection have resulted in improved outcomes in liver transplantation (LT) using donation after cardiac death (DCD) organs. The UK DCD Risk Score was established as a risk stratification tool to guide selection.MethodsWe evaluated the applicability of the UK DCD Risk Score in a contemporary US cohort of adult DCD LT recipients using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry (2011‐2020).ResultsA total of 3,899 DCD LTs were included in our study (UK DCD Risk Score 0–5 points: 1,438 [36.9%], 6–10 points: 2,034 [52.2%]; 11–20 points: 427 [11.0%]). Compared to a score of 6–10 points, a score of 0–5 points was associated with decreased risk of graft loss (HR = .79, 95%CI: .68‐.93, p = .004), while a score of 11–20 points was associated with increased risk of graft loss (HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01‐1.56, p = .04). The 5‐year graft survival for patients with risk scores of 0–5, 6–10, and 11–20 were 75.9%, 71.8%, and 66.5%, respectively. The C‐statistic for the UK DCD Risk Score in our contemporary cohort was .611.ConclusionsThe UK DCD Risk Score demonstrates a more limited ability to differentiate recipient outcomes in the modern era of DCD LT in the US. Acceptable long‐term outcomes are achievable for patients stratified to the highest‐risk group.
Body politics, alterities, and perception: A theological hesitation after the pandemic
Authors: Kristensen Johanne Stubbe Teglbjærg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBy demanding collective strategies and agreeing individuals, the pandemic has not only exposed multiple kinds of otherness around us and between us, but even within us. In this article, I propose to theologically reflect on this situation by means of a perceptive hesitation. I do this with reference to Wolfhart Pannenberg's theology, and Alia Al‐Sagi's critical phenomenology, both of whom draw on Henri Bergsson's descriptions of human temporality, and share the consideration of human independence as being integral to perceiving alterity. In the end, I identify where Al‐Sagi and Pannneberg differ, and I go with Al‐Sagi, and consider hesitation as a term for the temporal dimension and difference of faith as related to hope and the necessary condition for a loving body politics.
Forested watersheds mitigate the thermal degradation of headwater fish assemblages under future climate change
Authors: Kirk Mark A. , Hazlett Megan A. , Shaffer Chris L. , Wissinger Scott A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCertain habitat features of stream ecosystems can reduce their sensitivity to climate change and help protect the integrity of cold‐water aquatic resources. Identifying such features is imperative for conserving the climate refugia of cold‐water species. Using a combination of stream temperature and fish assemblage data, we quantified thermal sensitivities of 192 headwater streams in Northwest Pennsylvania to identify which landscape features best explained stream susceptibility to temperature change. We then projected changes in native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) distributions, non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta) distributions and declines in cold‐water thermal integrity under future climate warming and land use change scenarios. Brook trout were predicted to become increasingly relegated to smaller streams under future stream warming. However, we found that streams with intact forest cover at the watershed level had low thermal sensitivities, which slowed rates of projected warming. As a result, streams with forested watersheds were predicted to have smaller declines in thermal integrity and lower extirpation probabilities of brook trout. Additionally, non‐native brown trout were not predicted to expand distributions under projected warming, suggesting minimal synergistic effects between non‐native species and climate change. Forest cover buffers headwater streams from the effects of global change, similar to how groundwater inputs reduce the rate of stream warming. Forest restoration at riparian and watershed levels should help mitigate thermal‐induced degradation of cold‐water aquatic resources.
Elements of exogenous attentional cueing preserved during optokinetic motion of the visual scene
Authors: Mastropasqua Angela , Vural Gizem , Taylor Paul C. J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNavigating through our environment raises challenges for perception by generating salient background visual motion and eliciting prominent eye movements to stabilise the retinal image. It remains unclear if exogenous spatial attentional orienting is possible during background motion and the eye movements it causes and whether this compromises the underlying neural processing. To test this, we combined exogenous orienting, visual scene motion, and electroencephalography (EEG). A total of 26 participants viewed a background of moving black and grey bars (optokinetic stimulation). We tested for effects of non‐spatially predictive peripheral cueing on visual motion discrimination of a target dot, presented either at the same (valid) or opposite (invalid) location as the preceding cue. Valid cueing decreased reaction times not only when participants kept their gaze fixed on a central point (fixation blocks) but also even when there was no fixation point, so that participants performed intensive, repetitive tracking eye movements (eye movement blocks). Overall, manual response reaction times were slower during eye movements. Cueing also produced reliable effects on neural activity on either block, including within the first 120 ms of neural processing of the target. The key pattern with larger event‐related potential (ERP) amplitudes on invalid versus valid trials showed that the neural substrate of exogenous cueing was highly similar during eye movements or fixation. Exogenous peripheral cueing and its neural correlates are robust against distraction from the moving visual scene, important for perceptual cognition during navigation.
Variations and controlling factors of soil denitrification rate
Authors: Li Zhaolei , Tang Ze , Song Zhaopeng , Chen Weinan , Tian Dashuan , Tang Shiming , Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Jinsong , Liu Wenjie , Wang Yi , Li Jie , Jiang Lifen , Luo Yiqi , Niu Shuli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe denitrification process profoundly affects soil nitrogen (N) availability and generates its byproduct, nitrous oxide, as a potent greenhouse gas. There are large uncertainties in predicting global denitrification because its controlling factors remain elusive. In this study, we compiled 4301 observations of denitrification rates across a variety of terrestrial ecosystems from 214 papers published in the literature. The averaged denitrification rate was 3516.3 ± 91.1 µg N kg−1 soil day−1. The highest denitrification rate was 4242.3 ± 152.3 µg N kg−1 soil day−1 under humid subtropical climates, and the lowest was 965.8 ± 150.4 µg N kg−1 under dry climates. The denitrification rate increased with temperature, precipitation, soil carbon and N contents, as well as microbial biomass carbon and N, but decreased with soil clay contents. The variables related to soil N contents (e.g., nitrate, ammonium, and total N) explained the variation of denitrification more than climatic and edaphic variables (e.g., mean annual temperature (MAT), soil moisture, soil pH, and clay content) according to structural equation models. Soil microbial biomass carbon, which was influenced by soil nitrate, ammonium, and total N, also strongly influenced denitrification at a global scale. Collectively, soil N contents, microbial biomass, pH, texture, moisture, and MAT accounted for 60% of the variation in global denitrification rates. The findings suggest that soil N contents and microbial biomass are strong predictors of denitrification at the global scale.
The evolution of regional spatial structure influenced by passenger rail service: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Liu Weichen , Guo Jiaying , Wu Wei , Cao Youhui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTaking the Yangtze River Delta in China as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial characteristics of passenger rail service in different stages, discusses the evolution of regional multi‐level spatial organization structure under the guidance of passenger rail, and explores the ways to realize efficient and well‐organized regional integration through modern railway infrastructure configuration. Rail transport leads to the formation of several urban subgroups within the Yangtze River Delta. The regional spatial structure is a multi‐level “core‐periphery” nested structure coupled with the internal spatial organization of subgroups and their mutual spatial correlation structure. The organization of intra‐subgroup and inter‐subgroup determine the evolution direction of the whole spatial structure. The development model of constructing a high‐speed railway network with the regional political and economic center cities as hubs has led to each subgroup that starts to rely on these cities to form clusters and achieve spatial reconstruction. In this process, the connection between the “core” areas and the “periphery” areas, as well as among the “periphery” areas within the spatial scope of each level has been strengthened. However, although the gap between the “core” areas and the “periphery” areas has narrowed, it still persists.
Social participation is reduced in type 3 Von Willebrand disease patients and in patients with a severe bleeding phenotype
Authors: Kempers Eva K. , van Kwawegen Calvin B. , de Meris Joke , Schols Saskia E. M. , van Galen Karin P. M. , Meijer Karina , Cnossen Marjon H. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Eikenboom Jeroen , Atiq Ferdows , Leebeek Frank W. G. ,   for the WiN study group
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe negative impact of haemophilia on social participation is well established in previous studies, however, the impact of Von Willebrand disease (VWD) on social participation has not been studied.AimTo compare the social participation of a large cohort of VWD patients in the Netherlands with the general Dutch population. In addition, to identify factors associated with social participation in VWD.MethodsPatients participating in the “Willebrand in the Netherlands” study completed an extensive questionnaire on educational level, absenteeism from school or work, and occupational disabilities.ResultsSeven‐hundred and eighty‐eight VWD patients were included (mean age 38.9 years, 59.5% females), of whom 136 children < 16 years. Adult patients with type 3 VWD more often had a low educational level (52.9%) compared to type 1 (40.2%), type 2 VWD (36.8%) and the general population (36.4%) (p = .005). Moreover, in patients aged ≥16 years the days lost from school and/or work in the year prior to study inclusion differed significantly between the VWD types (p = .011). Using negative binomial regression analysis, the occurrence of bleeding episodes requiring treatment in the year preceding study inclusion was significantly associated with the number of days lost from school and/or work among patients aged ≥16 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that a higher total bleeding score, older age and presence of at least one comorbidity were significantly associated with occupational disability in patients aged ≥16 years.ConclusionOur study shows that social participation was lower in type 3 VWD and VWD patients with a more severe bleeding phenotype.
Multiplex proteomics as risk predictor of infection in patients treated with hemodialysis—A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Glerup Rie , Svensson My , Jakobsen Lasse H. , Fellstrøm Bengt , Jensen Jens D. , Christensen Jeppe H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionSevere infection is a major problem in hemodialysis patients. Multiplex proteomics might reveal novel insights into disease mechanisms increasing the risk of infection and might also be used as a risk prediction tool. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate associations between 92 proteins assessed by a proximity extension assay and the development of severe infection in patients on hemodialysis and (2) to develop a risk prediction model for severe infection using prespecified clinical variables and proteomics.MethodsProspective, observational multicenter cohort study with 5‐year follow‐up. Patients receiving in‐center hemodialysis in five facilities in Denmark were included. The primary composite endpoint was death caused by infection, bacteremia, and infections requiring hospitalization of at least 2 days or prolonging a hospital stay.FindingsOf 331 patients included 210 patients reached the primary endpoint during follow‐up. In adjusted Cox regression analyses, 14 plasma proteins were associated with severe infection. Correcting for multiple testing revealed only cathepsin‐L1 and interleukin‐6 significantly associated with the primary outcome. Cathepsin‐L1—hazard ratio: 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–2.17) and interleukin‐6—hazard ratio: 1.16 (95% CI 1.05–1.29). Apparent C‐statistics of the risk prediction model using clinical variables was 0.605, addition of cathepsin‐L1 and interleukin‐6 to the model improved discrimination slightly: C = 0.625.DiscussionProteomic profiling identified cathepsin‐L1 and interleukin‐6 as markers for infectious risk in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to replicate the results and to examine possible causality. The developed risk prediction models need considerable improvement before implementation in clinical practice is meaningful.
Co‐Producing Security: Platform Content Moderation and European Security Integration
Authors: Bellanova Rocco , de Goede Marieke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe European Union (EU) seeks to play a leading role in steering the private work of online content moderation, as demonstrated by numerous policy and legislative initiatives in the domain. Two initiatives, in particular, are shaping terrorist content moderation: the creation of a EU Internet Referral Unit and the adoption of a Regulation on preventing the online dissemination of terrorist content (TERREG). This article analyses these initiatives and their practical effects. In particular, it unpacks the legal and technological mechanisms at the core of EU regulation in the realm of online terrorist content moderation, and how they co‐produce security decisions across public and private spheres. Based on interviews, fieldwork observations and document analysis, we show how processes of referral and removal, and processes of flagging and filtering are key to EU‐directed content moderation. In conclusion, we reflect on content moderation as a novel form of European security integration.
Fracture resistance of thin wall endodontically treated teeth without ferrules restored with various techniques
Authors: Iemsaengchairat Ravivan , Aksornmuang Juthatip 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the fracture resistance and failure characteristics of simulated thin wall endodontically treated teeth without ferrules restored with various techniques.Materials and methodsForty‐eight human mandibular single‐root canal premolars were decoronated and endodontically treated. The 1 mm thick remaining root canal dentin was prepared. The roots were randomly divided into four groups of 12 roots according to the following post and core reconstruction techniques: direct resin composite post and core (CP), multiple fiber posts and resin composite core (FP), CAD/CAM anatomical post and core (AP), and metal cast post and core (MP). Full metal crowns were cemented to the cores. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling for 5000 cycles and submitted to axial compression until failure at a 45°angle using a universal testing machine. The failures were classified into one of the followings: post and/or core fractures, root fractures, and root fractures combined with post and/or core fractures.ResultsAverage failure loads of groups CP, FP, AP, and MP were 360.0, 655.2, 402.7, and 856.1 N, respectively. MP provided the highest failure load, which was significantly higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). FP was second, being inferior to MP with a significance level of p = 0.039. CP exhibited the least failure load, and it was not significantly different from the AP group (p > 0.05). Root fractures were the major failure mode for most of the specimens except the CP group, in which composite fractures at the cervical level were commonly observed.ConclusionMetal cast post and core provided the highest fracture resistance for reconstruction of a thin wall in endodontically treated teeth without ferrules, followed by multiple fiber posts and resin composite core. The milled anatomical post and core and a direct resin composite post and core provided significantly lower fracture resistance.Clinical significanceMetal cast posts and core and multiple fiber posts with resin composite core techniques were effective for restoring severely compromised endodontically treated teeth.