bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Estimates to Best Approximation of Functions by Fourier-Jacobi Differential Operators
Authors: Hameed Ehsan M , Aal-Rkhais Habeeb A , Majeed Salam J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an extension of the idea of the best approximation in the Hölder spaces with respect to Fourier-Jacobi operators by moduli of smoothness is studied. A special form of the moduli of smoothness is considered to get a strong convergence. Further, advanced approaches of approximation and some direct and inverse results are proved. Moreover, the Jackson-type estimate of functions in Hölder spaces by Jacobi transformations to algebraic polynomials with generalized de la Vallée Poussin mean are established.
Study the Structure and Optical Properties of GNPs Doped WO3/PS by Spray Pyrolysis Deposition (SPD)
Authors: Hasan Saadallah F. , Al-Samarai Abdul-Majeed E , Obaid A. S. , Ramizy Asmiet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this studied gold (Au) nanoparticles doped tungsten oxide (WO3) thin film was deposited on porous silicon (PS) substrate at the substrate temperature of 250°C by spray pyrolysis deposition method, with different Au doping concentration of (0, 1, 3, and 5%). The gold nanoparticles GNPs were prepared by using normal atmospheric air cold plasma. All films were annealed at 500°C for 1h. The X-ray diffraction peaks indicated that all films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal structure. The surface morphology was studied by AFM. The average grain size for pure thin film WO3 was about 61 nm, and it decreased to be about 43.2 nm with increases the doping ratios for the film deposited at 5% of Au. FESEM image all doped and undoped films showed homogenous pattern structure on the porous silicon. The thickness of films was obtained from the cross-section of the FESEM, which was 323±5 nm. A blue-shifted showed based on the photolumenses (PL) peak position calculated of WO3 as doping ratio increased, the bandgap for Au: WO3 films lies between (2.85 to 3.02) eV.
The Role of Teaching Methods Based e-learning Technologies in Iraq Higher Education Institutes
Authors: N. Fayadhm Etmad , Salih Bassim M. , Mohammed Omer K. Jasim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Currently, the world witnesses a major revolution in the world of communications and information technology, where technology permeated all aspects of social, learning and military life in both phases: public and private. This paper measures the rate of using teaching methods of e-learning technology in higher education Iraqi institutes; university of Fallujah is a sample of such institute. This paper used the descriptive analytical approach (DAA) in collecting, classifying gathering information for five colleges by taking 30 measurement coefficients that are compatible with teaching operation. The obtained results demonstrate that a number of lecturers and students have used the e-learning applications in the class management are extremely low rates. Finally, this study has resulted in a novel concept, usually called “change –resistance”.
High temperature oxidation of non equi-atomic Al5Cr12Fe35Mn28Ni20 high entropy alloy
Authors: Ali Mayar M , Abd ElMoamen S S , Gepreel Mohamed A H , Ahmed Hafiz A , Elrefaie Fawzi A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Oxidation behavior of the Al5Cr12Fe35Mn28Ni20 high entropy alloy was investigated in air at temperatures 900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C for 100 h isothermally. The oxidation kinetics at all temperatures obeys the parabolic rate law with an activation energy 100.6 kJ mol−1. The alloy was externally oxidized forming duplex layer consisted of manganese oxides that overlays Mn-Cr-Fe spinel oxides. While, it was observed that at 1000 °C and 1100 °C the samples were also oxidized internally forming Al2O3 deep in the alloy. The initial oxidation behavior of the alloy oxidized at 1000 °C for 1 and 24 h producing external scale of Mn3O4 overlaying Mn-Cr-Fe spinel oxide and Al2O3 precipitates.
Oxygen doping effect on wettability of diamond-like carbon films
Authors: Zarei Moghadam R , Ehsani M H , Rezagholipour Dizaji H , Kameli P , Jannesari M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
DLC films were deposited on Ge substrates using direct ion beam deposition method, followed by investigating the influence of O2 doping on their morphological, electrical, and structural properties. The films were doped with oxygen under flow rates of 5, 10, 20, and 40 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute). The structure of the films was studied by Raman spectroscopy. Result showed that by increasing oxygen incorporation, sp2 content decreases, sp3 content increases, and the C-C bonding loses its order. The hydrophilicity of the layers was analyzed by the contact angle measuring experiment. The results showed that by increasing the O2 flow ratio from 5 to 40 sccm, the percentage of O2 increases from 1.1 to 3.9%. The water contact angle measurement showed that an increase in oxygen flow ratio results in a decrease in contact angle from 82.9° ± 2.1° to 50° ± 3°.
The natural hybridization between speciesLigularia nelumbifoliaandCremanthodium stenoglossum(Senecioneae, Asteraceae) suggests underdeveloped reproductive isolation and ambiguous intergeneric boundary
Authors: Hu Li , Yang Rui , Wang Yue-Hua , Gong Xun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNatural hybridization is frequent in plants and is considered an important factor facilitating speciation. The natural intergeneric hybridization between Ligularia and Cremanthodium was previously confirmed using a couple of DNA markers. However, the mechanism of this intergeneric hybridization and the role of reproductive isolation in the process of hybridization remain unclear. Here we used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) to further quantify the occurrence of hybridization, the genetic structure of the hybrid population and the role of reproductive isolation between Ligularia nelumbifolia and Cremanthodium stenoglossum. The results based on the ddRAD-seq SNP data sets indicated that hybridization between L. nelumbifolia and C. stenoglossum was restricted to F1s, and no gene introgression was identified between these two species. STRUCTURE analysis and maximum likelihood (ML) tree results showed a slightly larger genetic contribution of L. nelumbifolia to putative hybrid F1s. We deduced that the reproductive isolation between these two parent species is not well-developed but still strong enough to maintain the genetic integrity of the species, and that their F1s are sterile or with low fertility. Given the poorly resolved phylogenetic relationship between Ligularia and Cremanthodium, the occurrence of natural hybridization between L. nelumbifolia and C. stenoglossum may provide new insights into the re-circumscription and re-delimitation of these two genera.
Bipartite graph-based approach for clustering of cell lines by gene expression–drug response associations
Authors: Chi Calvin , Ye Yuting , Chen Bin , Huang Haiyan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMotivationIn pharmacogenomic studies, the biological context of cell lines influences the predictive ability of drug-response models and the discovery of biomarkers. Thus, similar cell lines are often studied together based on prior knowledge of biological annotations. However, this selection approach is not scalable with the number of annotations, and the relationship between gene–drug association patterns and biological context may not be obvious.ResultsWe present a procedure to compare cell lines based on their gene–drug association patterns. Starting with a grouping of cell lines from biological annotation, we model gene–drug association patterns for each group as a bipartite graph between genes and drugs. This is accomplished by applying sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) to extract the gene–drug associations, and using the canonical vectors to construct the edge weights. Then, we introduce a nuclear norm-based dissimilarity measure to compare the bipartite graphs. Accompanying our procedure is a permutation test to evaluate the significance of similarity of cell line groups in terms of gene–drug associations. In the pharmacogenomic datasets CTRP2, GDSC2 and CCLE, hierarchical clustering of carcinoma groups based on this dissimilarity measure uniquely reveals clustering patterns driven by carcinoma subtype rather than primary site. Next, we show that the top associated drugs or genes from SCCA can be used to characterize the clustering patterns of haematopoietic and lymphoid malignancies. Finally, we confirm by simulation that when drug responses are linearly dependent on expression, our approach is the only one that can effectively infer the true hierarchy compared to existing approaches.Availability and implementationBipartite graph-based hierarchical clustering is implemented in R and can be obtained from CRAN: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=hierBipartite. The source code is available at https://github.com/CalvinTChi/hierBipartite. The datasets were derived from sources in the public domain, which are the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (https://portals.broadinstitute.org/ccle), the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (https://portals.broadinstitute.org/ctrp.v2.1/?page=#ctd2BodyHome), and the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (https://www.cancerrxgene.org/). These datasets can be downloaded using the PharmacoGx R package (https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/PharmacoGx.html).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ClassifyTE: a stacking-based prediction of hierarchical classification of transposable elements
Authors: Panta Manisha , Mishra Avdesh , Hoque Md Tamjidul , Atallah Joel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMotivationTransposable Elements (TEs) or jumping genes are DNA sequences that have an intrinsic capability to move within a host genome from one genomic location to another. Studies show that the presence of a TE within or adjacent to a functional gene may alter its expression. TEs can also cause an increase in the rate of mutation and can even mediate duplications and large insertions and deletions in the genome, promoting gross genetic rearrangements. The proper classification of identified jumping genes is important for analyzing their genetic and evolutionary effects. An effective classifier, which can explain the role of TEs in germline and somatic evolution more accurately, is needed. In this study, we examine the performance of a variety of machine learning (ML) techniques and propose a robust method, ClassifyTE, for the hierarchical classification of TEs with high accuracy, using a stacking-based ML method.ResultsWe propose a stacking-based approach for the hierarchical classification of TEs. When trained on three different benchmark datasets, our proposed system achieved 4%, 10.68% and 10.13% average percentage improvement (using the hF measure) compared to several state-of-the-art methods. We developed an end-to-end automated hierarchical classification tool based on the proposed approach, ClassifyTE, to classify TEs up to the super-family level. We further evaluated our method on a new TE library generated by a homology-based classification method and found relatively high concordance at higher taxonomic levels. Thus, ClassifyTE paves the way for a more accurate analysis of the role of TEs.Availability and implementationThe source code and data are available at https://github.com/manisa/ClassifyTE.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
What Can Modeling Tell Us About Sustainable End Points for Neglected Tropical Diseases?
Authors: Minter Amanda , Pellis Lorenzo , Medley Graham F , Hollingsworth T Déirdre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs programs move closer toward the World Health Organization (WHO) goals of reduction in morbidity, elimination as a public health problem or elimination of transmission, countries will be faced with planning the next stages of surveillance and control in low prevalence settings. Mathematical models of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) will need to go beyond predicting the effect of different treatment programs on these goals and on to predicting whether the gains can be sustained. One of the most important challenges will be identifying the policy goal and the right constraints on interventions and surveillance over the long term, as a single policy option will not achieve all aims—for example, minimizing morbidity and minimizing costs cannot both be achieved. As NTDs move toward 2030 and beyond, more nuanced intervention choices will be informed by quantitative analyses which are adapted to national context.
A three-tiered intrusion detection system for industrial control systems
Authors: Anthi Eirini , Williams Lowri , Burnap Pete , Jones Kevin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article presents three-tiered intrusion detection systems, which uses a supervised approach to detect cyber-attacks in industrial control systems networks. The proposed approach does not only aim to identify malicious packets on the network but also attempts to identify the general and finer grain attack type occurring on the network. This is key in the industrial control systems environment as the ability to identify exact attack types will lead to an increased response rate to the incident and the defence of the infrastructure. More specifically, the proposed system consists of three stages that aim to classify: (i) whether packets are malicious; (ii) the general attack type of malicious packets (e.g. Denial of Service); and (iii) finer-grained cyber-attacks (e.g. bad cyclic redundancy check, attack). The effectiveness of the proposed intrusion detection systems is evaluated on network data collected from a real industrial gas pipeline system. In addition, an insight is provided as to which features are most relevant in detecting such malicious behaviour. The performance of the system results in an F-measure of: (i) 87.4%, (ii) 74.5% and (iii) 41.2%, for each of the layers, respectively. This demonstrates that the proposed architecture can successfully distinguish whether network activity is malicious and detect which general attack was deployed.
Motor and process skills in activities of daily living in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a cross-sectional study at hospital discharge
Authors: Christensen Jan , Eskildsen Signe Janum , Winkel Bo Gregers , Dichman Camilla Kofoed , Wagner Mette Kirstine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
An individuals’ ability to perform basic activities of daily living (ADL) is said to be one of the strongest predictors of performance ability and independent living within the community. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) tool was designed to assess global functional level during ADL by investigating motor and process skills. The purpose of this study was to assess ADL performance ability by investigating motor and process skills in a consecutive cohort of adult survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at the time of discharge from hospital.

Methods and results
This cross-sectional study uses data from a prospective cohort of cardiac arrest survivors admitted to the Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. The specific data used in this study were obtained at the time of the days or the day before hospital discharge. Adult survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to cardiac causes were eligible for inclusion. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills was used to assess ADL performance ability by investigating motor and process skills. The ADL ability of 61 individuals was assessed. The mean ADL ability measures recorded were AMPS process 1.40 logits (0.48) and AMPS motor 1.82 logits (0.40). Based on the dichotomized AMPS results, 23% were most likely to need assistance to live independently in the community.

Conclusion
Performance ability during ADL revealed difficulty in the performance of process skill and an increased need for rehabilitation among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at the time of hospital discharge.
Escape, discard, and landing probability in multispecies Mediterranean bottom-trawl fishery
Authors: Mytilineou Chryssi , Herrmann Bent , Mantopoulou-Palouka Danai , Sala Antonello , Megalofonou Persefoni 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCommercial bycatch species and their exploitation pattern in the Mediterranean trawl fishery are little studied. The present work examines the overall size-selection pattern, both regarding the trawl in the sea and the fisher onboard the vessel, for seven commercial bycatch species using different codends. The applied selection model predicted the escape, discard, and landing probability for each species simultaneously, a useful method for providing information important for fisheries management under the ecosystem approach. Among the studied codends, the 40-mm diamond mesh codend, still in use in non-EU Mediterranean fleets, was found unsuitable for the stocks in all cases. The 40-mm square mesh codend (40S) was found appropriate for blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), comber (Serranus cabrilla), and bogue (Boops boops) sustainability. The 50-mm diamond mesh codend (50D) was more suitable than the square mesh codend only for the spotted flounder (Citharus linguatula). Both the 40S and the 50D codends were appropriate for picarel (Spicara smaris), whereas none ensured sustainable exploitation for the blackbelly rosefish (Helicolenus dactylopterus), and the streaked gurnard (Chelidonichthys lastoviza). The results are discussed in relation to juvenile protection, discard mitigation, and fisher selection behaviour, important factors for the sustainability of stocks and fisheries in the Common Fishery Policy for the Mediterranean Sea.
When and how to legally challenge economic globalization: A comment on the German Constitutional Court’s false promise
Authors: Alter Karen J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The German Constitutional Court’s recent challenge to European law supremacy, and European lawyers’ strident critique of it, divert us from the conversation we need to have. The German Federal Constitutional Court wants us to focus on a surplus of European Union power, the European Court of Justice’s refusal to constrain it, the legal strategy of proportionality, and the goal of protecting national democracy. I defend national judicial pushback that is used to protect individual rights, democracy, and the national constitutional order. But demanding a German right to proportionality review of European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy does not further these goals. Judicial review of monetary policy, especially in a context of radical uncertainty, makes little sense. Nor is the German Court’s doctrinal focus helpful as a way to address globalization. We need a new and different conversation focused on when and how constitutional review can effectively and helpfully push back against the adverse impacts that economic globalization is creating.
A nomogram to predict in-hospital mortality of neonates admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Huang Xihua , Liang Zhenyu , Li Tang , Lingna Yu , Zhu Wei , Li Huiyi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the influencing factors for in-hospital mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to establish a predictive nomogram.MethodsNeonatal data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Both univariate and multivariate logit binomial general linear models were used to analyse the factors influencing neonatal death. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive model, which was visualized by a nomogram.ResultsA total of 1258 neonates from the NICU in the MIMIC-III database were eligible for the study, including 1194 surviving patients and 64 deaths. Multivariate analysis showed that red cell distribution width (RDW) (odds ratio [OR] 0.813, p=0.003) and total bilirubin (TBIL; OR 0.644, p&lt;0.001) had protective effects on neonatal in-hospital death, while lymphocytes (OR 1.205, p=0.025), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2; OR 1.294, p=0.016) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (OR 1.483, p&lt;0.001) were its independent risk factors. Based on this, the area under the curve of this predictive model was up to 0.865 (95% confidence interval 0.813 to 0.917), which was also confirmed by a nomogram.ConclusionsThe nomogram constructed suggests that RDW, TBIL, lymphocytes, PaCO2 and SOFA score are all significant predictors for in-hospital mortality in the NICU.
Interference-Free Method for Determination of Benzodiazepines in Urine Based on Restricted-Access Supramolecular Solvents and LC–MS-MS
Authors: Caballero-Casero Noelia , Mihretu Libargachew D , Rubio Soledad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Supramolecular solvents with restricted-access properties (SUPRAS-RAMs) are proposed as a new approach for integrating extraction and sample cleanup in the quantification of benzodiazepines (BDZs) in urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS). The SUPRAS-RAM was synthesized in situ in the urine by the addition of 1-hexanol (154 µL) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (600 µL). BDZ extraction was driven by both hydrogen bonds and dispersion interactions. Removal of proteins and polar macromolecules was performed by the action of the SUPRAS through chemical and physical mechanisms. Phospholipids were removed by precipitation during SUPRAS extract evaporation. A multivariate method was used for the optimization of the extraction process by applying Box–Behnken response surface design. The proposed method was validated according to the guiding principles of the European Commission Decision (2002/657/EC). Method detection and quantification limits for the target BDZs were in the intervals 0.21–0.85 and 0.67–2.79 ng/mL, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility (expressed as relative standard deviations) were in the range 2–6% and 3–8%, respectively. The method enabled the simultaneous extraction of BDZs (recoveries in the range 84–105%) and the removal of matrix effects. The method was applied to the analysis of 13 urine samples using external calibration. Five out of 13 samples tested positive in alprazolam and lorazepam at concentrations in the range 5.4–74 ng/mL. The method allows simple and quick sample treatment with minimal solvent consumption while delivering accurate and precise data.