bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proliferation, apoptosis and their regulatory protein expression in colorectal adenomas and serrated lesions
Authors: Figueiredo Jane C. , Passarelli Michael N. , Wei Wei , Ahnen Dennis J. , Morris Jeffrey S. , Corley Lynda , Mehta Trupti , Bartley Angela N. , McKeown-Eyssen Gail , Bresalier Robert S. , Barry Elizabeth L. , Goel Ajay , Hernandez Mesa Goretti , Hamilton Stanley R. , Baron John A. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Adenomas and serrated lesions represent heterogeneous sets of early precursors in the colorectum with varying malignant potential. They are often distinguished by their histopathologic differences, but little is known about potential differences in regulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis.

Methods
We conducted a protein expression analysis using tissue microarrays of 625 colorectal adenomas and 142 serrated lesions to determine potential differences in regulation of epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. We quantitated proliferation with Ki-67; apoptosis with activated caspase-3 (CASP3); up- and down-regulators of proliferation with cyclin D1, p16INK2, and p21Cip1; and apoptosis regulators with BAX, BCL2, and survivin. Linear mixed effects models and circos diagrams were used to determine relationships among expression and lesion characteristics.

Results
Adenomas had a significantly higher CASP-3 labeling index (LI) than serrated lesions, resulting in a lower net growth ratio (Ki-67 LI/activated CASP-3 LI, p-value<0.0001). Cyclin D1 LI, p16 LI and p21 LI were lower in adenomas compared to serrated lesions, while expression of both BCL2 and BAX were higher (p <0.001). Among adenomas, cyclin D1 LI and p16 LI levels increased with greater villous component, and the highest BAX expression was detected in adenomas larger than 2 cm (both p<0.0001). Right-sided adenomas had higher CASP3 LI than left colorectal adenomas (p = 0.008). Significant differences in cyclin D1 LI, p21 LI and survivin LI were also observed across histopathologic subtypes of serrated lesions.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate different patterns of regulatory protein expression in adenomas than serrated lesions, especially involving apoptosis.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00272324
Practitioners’ views on shared decision-making implementation: A qualitative study
Authors: Ankolekar Anshu , Dahl Steffensen Karina , Olling Karina , Dekker Andre , Wee Leonard , Roumen Cheryl , Hasannejadasl Hajar , Fijten Rianne 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Shared decision-making (SDM) refers to the collaboration between patients and their healthcare providers to make clinical decisions based on evidence and patient preferences, often supported by patient decision aids (PDAs). This study explored practitioner experiences of SDM in a context where SDM has been successfully implemented. Specifically, we focused on practitioners’ perceptions of SDM as a paradigm, factors influencing implementation success, and outcomes.

Methods
We used a qualitative approach to examine the experiences and perceptions of 10 Danish practitioners at a cancer hospital experienced in SDM implementation. A semi-structured interview format was used and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis.

Results
Prior to SDM implementation, participants had a range of attitudes from skeptical to receptive. Those with more direct long-term contact with patients (such as nurses) were more positive about the need for SDM. We identified four main factors that influenced SDM implementation success: raising awareness of SDM behaviors among clinicians through concrete measurements, supporting the formation of new habits through reinforcement mechanisms, increasing the flexibility of PDA delivery, and strong leadership. According to our participants, these factors were instrumental in overcoming initial skepticism and solidifying new SDM behaviors. Improvements to the clinical process were reported. Sustaining and transferring the knowledge gained to other contexts will require adapting measurement tools.

Conclusions
Applying SDM in clinical practice represents a major shift in mindset for clinicians. Designing SDM initiatives with an understanding of the underlying behavioral mechanisms may increase the probability of successful and sustained implementation.
Effectiveness of teacher-based nutrition interventions in addressing malnutrition among sub-Saharan children
Authors: Nsamba Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: To address the high malnutrition rates in Sub Saharan Africa, most programs addressing malnutrition have continuously been streamlined through the health system, yet this has not yielded results as expected. On the other hand, the education sector has shown an immense capacity to address some challenges, such as eliminating short-term hunger through School feeding programs. Yet, little attention has been given to teachers as far as implementing health and nutrition interventions. With an increased school enrolment rate in Sub Saharan Africa, teachers present huge potential as change agents.Objectives: To consolidate evidence about the effectiveness of teacher-based interventions in addressing malnutrition in Sub- Saharan Africa.Methods: A search strategy through online databases including EBSCO, PubMed, BASE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, LILACS, Project MUSE, TRIP Database, and Emerald Insight gave rise to 95,734 studies. These were identified and taken through a series of screening stages such that the most eligible were included to answer the review question.Results: Three studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results showed that teacher-based interventions such as school lunch, deworming, vitamin A supplementation, and nutrition education positively affect the nutrition status of primary school children, school attendances, are sustainable and reach many children.Conclusion: There is a need to actively involve teachers in the primordial and primary prevention stages of malnutrition through strengthening nutrition education, supplementary programs and school gardening. Teachers have an essential role to play in the fight against Malnutrition in Sub Saharan Africa.Â Â
Computer-Aided Language Learning (CALL) used in the example of Sakarya University
Authors: Yazar Ulvican , Abalı Nail 
Published: November 2021

Considering the ubiquity of computers and the Internet in this ever changing technological era, it is definitely normal that they would affect the language learning process. As an institution, Sakarya University is supposed to keep pace with the technology in every field. Thereupon, CALL started being used at English Language Preparatory Class of Sakarya University.
Computer-Aided Language Learning (CALL) is the fulfilment of software and web-based programs to ease the learning of English. CALL can be a good supplementary tool it cannot only be used like traditional face-to-face instruction.
An increased use of computers and the advent of the Internet in every field of modern lifestyle make computer-aided language learning irreplaceable in all aspects. Being new to those who were fond of the high technology and who were fed up with using books, CALL grabbed the students’ attention, which made the study easier. In the system, Computers were tools that students mainly utilized. Every student had a computer reserved for himself/herself. It was an amazing experience for those using books.
In this study it is aimed to evaluate CALL implemented at English Language Preparatory Class of Sakarya University and assess the students’ performances. The data analysis method was used. The data were able to be managed and analyzed properly and effectively after the conclusions of the research. The success results of the Sakarya University preparatory class students were evaluated. The data utilized in the study are restricted to the period of three academic years. According to results CALL has been successfully applied in years when the software used was up-to-date. In line with the results, CALL is a useful tool that helps teachers to ease the language learning process.
Hidden Facts and The Representation of Indonesia within Mamiya Mosuke’s “Kichi no Seikatsu”
Authors: Anggraeni Dewi 
Published: November 2021

Despite witnessing modernization in Indonesia, nanpōchōyōsakka (South-dispatched writers) depicted Indonesians as people who remain undeveloped because of Western colonialism. This article argues that there must be “hidden facts” behind the representation of Indonesia within the writers’ works due to a mission of disseminating the idea of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. Using Mamiya Mosuke’s military essay “Kichi no Seikatsu” as the object of study, this article seeks to explain what kind of “Indonesia” Mamiya represents and the impact of such representation on “Indonesia” as a spatial concept by illuminating “hidden facts” behind his expressions. This article employs the concept of contact zone (Mary Louise Pratt) to view Indonesia as a social space already shaped by Dutch colonialism and uses sakuhinron method to analyze Mamiya’s expressions in representing Indonesia. Through analysis, Mamiya portrays Indonesians as reliant people and blames such conditions on the Dutch colonial policy while leaving local intellectuals and nationalist movements out of his narrative. This article concludes that Mamiya justifies the notion of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere by denying Indonesian agency, gives an impression that Indonesians need Japanese guidance to stand on their own. Keywords: Contact Zone; Kichi no Seikatsu; Mamiya Mosuke; Nanpōchōyōsakka; Representation
Selection the best strategy for Comercialization Trygona Honey in The Time of Past Covid 19 Pandemic Using SAST and ECM A case study in Nort Lombok West Nusatenggara
Authors: Kholil Kholil 
Published: November 2021

Covid 19 has a very serious impact on small and medium businesses in Indonesia, There are only a few SMEs are able to survive. The trygona honey home industry is one of them. This business have been developed by most of the people of North Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. But they do not know to commercialize their products in order to increase their income and ensure sustainability of the business.
The main objective of this study is to analyze and develop share value chain that encourages and increasing business actors's income. Data collection through experts discussion and field study and then analyzed using Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST) and Exponential Comparison Matrix (ECM).
The Results of Study showed that honey producers sell their products to companies through collectors at low prices, while the greater profits are enjoyed by collectors and companies. The most important aspects for share value chain is development of Value Chain interconnectivity system as a matching institution between honey producers and the market by involving BUMDES (Villages Owned Enterprise). While the most appropriate strategy to comercialize trygona honey is value added system at the producer.
MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMIC SITUATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad Redzuan 
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to examine the extent to which the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world has changed the economic position and government of Malaysian action in general and itself in particular. It not only looks at the economic context of the country but also looks at how the economy of the community itself was during this epidemic. It is done based on the situation that struck and the environmental conditions that can be seen in general. It will also look at how the economic position of individuals who have to change jobs to ensure family survival changes during this pandemic season. In other words, this is not just about national problems but more specifically about the economic position of Malaysian society itself in the face of the Covid-19 epidemic.
There are individuals who are still able to survive with this current situation and not least also with individuals who are not able to survive with the pandemic that is plaguing this world. It does not matter whether a person is of high or low status. This study was conducted randomly on the Malaysian community by taking into account the various backgrounds of the community and the economic situation of Malaysia itself. This study also will look at the state of the Malaysian economy during the Covid-19 pandemic in two periods of rule. This can be seen due to the several changes of government leadership for some political reasons. However, all eras of government are active in fighting this pandemic despite the turbulent political issues.
Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressive (MS-VAR) Modelling (Mean Adjusted): Application to Macroeconomic data
Authors: Tuaneh Godwin Lebari , Didi Essi Isaac , Etuk Ette Harrison 
Published: November 2021

Researcher every so often model economic relationship using linear models. Even when non-linear models are used, they hardly consider the possibility of regimes, the transmission from one regime to another and also the duration of stay in a particular regime. These are not captured by linear models. To address this, we applied the Markov-Switching Mean Vector Autoregressive Model to model and estimate the interdependence between macroeconomic variables (International Trade and Macroeconomic Stability) within the context of the Nigerian economy. Specifically, the study analyzed the trends of total export, total import, exchange rate, and inflation rate in Nigeria within the study period, Estimated MSM-VAR models on the study variables and selected the best model using information criteria. The study empirically investigated the interdependence existing among the study variables, determined the probabilities of transition from one regime to another and the duration of stay in a regime. The study ascertained the relative significance of each random innovation in affecting the study variables. Monthly time series data 246 months spanning through January 2000 to June 2020 was collected form the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study used the Markov-Switching Mean Vector Autoression in the Analysis. The results showed that all variables were stationary at first difference. The study chose 2 regimes and the model selection criteria selected [MS(2)-MVAR(2)]. The variables were largely self-explanatory and very strongly exogenous.
Easter Sunday Bombings and Jihad in Sri Lanka
Authors: Acharya Arabinda 
Published: November 2021

2019 Easter Sunday bombings in Sri Lanka by Islamist radicals poses a level of complexity that could challenge conventional thinking about radicalization and the spread of influence of groups like Al Qaeda, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and the Muslim Brotherhood, in many fundamental respects. At a very basic level, it defies common understanding of the emergence of Islamist radicalism in Sri Lanka – a country ravaged by extremist violence in other forms perpetrated by groups like JVP and the LTTE for example, which are mostly secular in character. In this context, jihadism in Sri Lanka introduces a new dynamic - utilitarian and pragmatic - where groups, cutting across their ideological and political divides, come together to achieve common goals.

Ability of the groups like ISIS and Muslim Brotherhood to recruit and deploy local Muslims in Sri Lanka to attack Western targets and attract global attention testify to the potency and resiliency of the ideology. [1]
Too Much Technology and Too Little Regulation? The Spectacular Demise of P2P Lending in China
Authors: Chen Ding , Deakin Simon , Johnston Andrew , Wang Boya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we trace the rapid growth and spectacular demise of online peer to peer lending in China. Drawing on a series of interviews conducted in China in 2017 and 2018, we follow the expansion of the sector from the establishment of the first major platform in 2007, through the introduction of limited regulation in 2015 in response to a series of platform failures to the final de facto closure of the whole sector by the regulator in 2019–20. However, contrary to claims that technology would reduce risk, the new platforms appear to have given rise to new risks by connecting dispersed borrowers and lenders whilst the regulator had decided to leave the sector to evolve without specific regulation. While there were hopes that P2P lending might increase flows of finance to the SMEs that are excluded from the formal banking system, ultimately too much of the activity on the P2P platforms was characterised by what we term ‘transactional ambiguity’ and ‘legal fluidity’: it occurred on the fringes of legality, often amounting to Ponzi schemes, fraud or unlicensed banking activity. In contrast to the banking sector, where their intermediation role ensures that banks are the focal point in the event of borrower default, and conventional moneylending, where moneylenders bear the risk of default, defaults and platform failures in the P2P sector distributed losses far and wide around the country, often to lenders who were not capable of bearing them. Whilst the central government did not formally stand behind the P2P sector (as it does with banks because of the systemic implications of their operations), the government could not help but become involved where P2P lending transmitted losses to lenders who were dispersed around the whole country. Ultimately, central government announced a wholesale reversal of policy that led to the sector effectively being closed down. The episode cautions against overly optimistic claims that technology can eradicate the risks of fraud and fundamental uncertainty inherent in lending, and reminds us that, without appropriate regulation and adequate internal controls, financial institutions will always operate in ways that result in instability.
Barn Owl's Auditory Space Map Activity Matching Conditions for a Population Vector Readout to Drive Adaptive Sound-Localizing Behavior
Authors: Ferger Roland , Shadron Keanu , Fischer Brian J. , Peña José L. 
Published: November 2021

Space-specific neurons in the owl's midbrain form a neural map of auditory space, which supports sound-orienting behavior. Previous work proposed that a population vector (PV) readout of this map, implementing statistical inference, predicts the owl's sound localization behavior. This model also predicts the frontal localization bias normally observed and how sound-localizing behavior changes when the signal-to-noise ratio varies, based on the spread of activity across the map. However, the actual distribution of population activity and whether this pattern is consistent with premises of the PV readout model on a trial-by-trial basis remains unknown. To answer these questions, we investigated whether the population response profile across the midbrain map in the optic tectum of the barn owl matches these predictions usingin vivomultielectrode array recordings. We found that response profiles of recorded subpopulations are sufficient for estimating the stimulus interaural time difference using responses from single trials. Furthermore, this decoder matches the expected differences in trial-by-trial variability and frontal bias between stimulus conditions of low and high signal-to-noise ratio. These results support the hypothesis that a PV readout of the midbrain map can mediate statistical inference in sound-localizing behavior of barn owls.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile the tuning of single neurons in the owl's midbrain map of auditory space has been considered predictive of the highly specialized sound-localizing behavior of this species, response properties across the population remain largely unknown. For the first time, this study analyzed the spread of population responses across the map using multielectrode recordings and how it changes with signal-to-noise ratio. The observed responses support the hypothesis concerning the ability of a population vector readout to predict biases in orienting behaviors and mediate uncertainty-dependent behavioral commands. The results are of significance for understanding potential mechanisms for the implementation of optimal behavioral commands across species.
Endolysosome Localization of ERα Is Involved in the Protective Effect of 17α-Estradiol against HIV-1 gp120-Induced Neuronal Injury
Authors: Datta Gaurav , Miller Nicole M. , Du Wenjuan , Geiger Jonathan D. , Chang Sulie , Chen Xuesong 
Published: November 2021

Neurotoxic HIV-1 viral proteins contribute to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), the prevalence of which remains high (30–50%) with no effective treatment available. Estrogen is a known neuroprotective agent; however, the diverse mechanisms of estrogen action on the different types of estrogen receptors is not completely understood. In this study, we determined the extent to which and mechanisms by which 17α-estradiol (17αE2), a natural less-feminizing estrogen, offers neuroprotection against HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal injury. Endolysosomes are important for neuronal function, and endolysosomal dysfunction contributes to HAND and other neurodegenerative disorders. In hippocampal neurons, estrogen receptor α (ERα) is localized to endolysosomes and 17αE2 acidifies endolysosomes. ERα knockdown or overexpressing an ERα mutant that is deficient in endolysosome localization prevents 17αE2-induced endolysosome acidification. Furthermore, 17αE2-induced increases in dendritic spine density depend on endolysosome localization of ERα. Pretreatment with 17αE2 protected against HIV-1 gp120-induced endolysosome deacidification and reductions in dendritic spines; such protective effects depended on endolysosome localization of ERα. In male HIV-1 transgenic rats, we show that 17αE2 treatment prevents the development of enlarged endolysosomes and reduction in dendritic spines. Our findings demonstrate a novel endolysosome-dependent pathway that governs the ERα-mediated neuroprotective actions of 17αE2, findings that might lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against HAND.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExtranuclear presence of membrane-bound estrogen receptors (ERs) underlie the enhancing effect of estrogen on cognition and synaptic function. The estrogen receptor subtype ERα is present on endolysosomes and plays a critical role in the enhancing effects of 17αE2 on endolysosomes and dendritic spines. These findings provide novel insight into the neuroprotective actions of estrogen. Furthermore, 17αE2 protected against HIV-1 gp120-induced endolysosome dysfunction and reductions in dendritic spines, and these protective effects of 17αE2 were mediated via endolysosome localization of ERα. Such findings provide a rationale for developing 17αE2 as a therapeutic strategy against HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.