bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locality and entanglement of indistinguishable particles
Authors: Johann Till Jonas Frederick , Marzolino Ugo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEntanglement is one of the strongest quantum correlation, and is a key ingredient in fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics and a resource for quantum technologies. While entanglement theory is well settled for distinguishable particles, there are five inequivalent approaches to entanglement of indistinguishable particles. We analyse the different definitions of indistinguishable particle entanglement in the light of the locality notion. This notion is specified by two steps: (i) the identification of subsystems by means of their local operators; (ii) the requirement that entanglement represent correlations between the above subsets of operators. We prove that three of the aforementioned five entanglement definitions are incompatible with any locality notion defined as above.
The impact of climate change in wheat and barley yields in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Bento Virgílio A. , Ribeiro Andreia F. S. , Russo Ana , Gouveia Célia M. , Cardoso Rita M. , Soares Pedro M. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe impact of climate change on wheat and barley yields in two regions of the Iberian Peninsula is here examined. Regression models are developed by using EURO-CORDEX regional climate model (RCM) simulations, forced by ERA-Interim, with monthly maximum and minimum air temperatures and monthly accumulated precipitation as predictors. Additionally, RCM simulations forced by different global climate models for the historical period (1972–2000) and mid-of-century (2042–2070; under the two emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) are analysed. Results point to different regional responses of wheat and barley. In the southernmost regions, results indicate that the main yield driver is spring maximum temperature, while further north a larger dependence on spring precipitation and early winter maximum temperature is observed. Climate change seems to induce severe yield losses in the southern region, mainly due to an increase in spring maximum temperature. On the contrary, a yield increase is projected in the northern regions, with the main driver being early winter warming that stimulates earlier growth. These results warn on the need to implement sustainable agriculture policies, and on the necessity of regional adaptation strategies.
Harnessing testing strategies and public health measures to avert COVID-19 outbreaks during ocean cruises
Authors: Chowell Gerardo , Dahal Sushma , Bono Raquel , Mizumoto Kenji 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo ensure the safe operation of schools, workplaces, nursing homes, and other businesses during COVID-19 pandemic there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective public health strategies. Here we focus on the cruise industry which was hit early by the COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 40 cruise ships reporting COVID-19 infections. We apply mathematical modeling to assess the impact of testing strategies together with social distancing protocols on the spread of the novel coronavirus during ocean cruises using an individual-level stochastic model of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. We model the contact network, the potential importation of cases arising during shore excursions, the temporal course of infectivity at the individual level, the effects of social distancing strategies, different testing scenarios characterized by the test’s sensitivity profile, and testing frequency. Our findings indicate that PCR testing at embarkation and daily testing of all individuals aboard, together with increased social distancing and other public health measures, should allow for rapid detection and isolation of COVID-19 infections and dramatically reducing the probability of onboard COVID-19 community spread. In contrast, relying only on PCR testing at embarkation would not be sufficient to avert outbreaks, even when implementing substantial levels of social distancing measures.
Handler familiarity helps to improve working performance during novel situations in semi-captive Asian elephants
Authors: Liehrmann Océane , Crawley Jennie A. H. , Seltmann Martin W. , Feillet Sherine , Nyein U. Kyaw , Aung Htoo Htoo , Htut Win , Lahdenperä Mirkka , Lansade Léa , Lummaa Virpi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWorking animals spend hours each day in close contact with humans and require training to understand commands and fulfil specific tasks. However, factors driving cooperation between humans and animals are still unclear, and novel situations may present challenges that have been little-studied to-date. We investigated factors driving cooperation between humans and animals in a working context through behavioural experiments with 52 working semi-captive Asian elephants. Human-managed Asian elephants constitute approximately a third of the remaining Asian elephants in the world, the majority of which live in their range countries working alongside traditional handlers. We investigated how the familiarity and experience of the handler as well as the elephant’s age and sex affected their responses when asked to perform a basic task and to cross a novel surface. The results highlighted that when novelty is involved in a working context, an elephant’s relationship length with their handler can affect their cooperation: elephants who had worked with their handler for over a year were more willing to cross the novel surface than those who had a shorter relationship with their handler. Older animals also tended to refuse to walk on the novel surface more but the sex did not affect their responses. Our study contributes much needed knowledge on human-working animal relationships which should be considered when adjusting training methods and working habits.
Biological and environmental influences on motor coordination in Peruvian children and adolescents
Authors: Pereira Sara , Bustamante Alcibíades , Santos Carla , Hedeker Donald , Tani Go , Garganta Rui , Vasconcelos Olga , Baxter-Jones Adam , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Maia José 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the associations between biological and environmental factors and gross-motor coordination (GMC) in Peruvian children and adolescents. The sample comprised 7401 boys and girls, aged 6–14 years, recruited from three geographical regions: sea-level, Amazon and high-altitude. Biological variables included age, sex, height, BMI, physical fitness, stunting, and maturational status. Environmental influences included geographical region and school characteristics. Gross-motor coordination was tested with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder and the data analyzed by multilevel logistic regression. Results showed a high prevalence of below normal GMC scores. Sex, age, geographical area, biological maturation, BMI (normal versus overweight/obesity), and stunting were all significant predictors of GMC. There was also an interaction between age, sex, and geographical area indicating that older girls who lived at sea-level and high-altitude were more likely to display below normal GMC scores. The school context was less important in predicting GMC problems than the interplay between biological characteristics and geographical region. These results suggest that early identification, as well as educational and pediatric care interventions, are of importance in reducing below normal GMC among Peruvian children and adolescents.
Intraoral scanners for capturing the palate and its relation to the dentition
Authors: Winkler Jonas , Gkantidis Nikolaos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProper superimposition of intraoral scan generated 3D models enables detailed assessment of soft and hard tissue surface changes. This requires accurate 3D models and stable structures as superimposition references. In the maxilla, different reference areas have been proposed, mostly located at the palatal region. In this in vivo study we evaluated the precision of two intraoral scanners (TRIOS 3, 3Shape and CS 3600, Carestream) at the maxilla, focusing on the palate itself and also on its spatial relation to the dentition, following palatal superimposition. Precision was tested through the superimposition of repeated scans on the palate and the dental arch. Overall, the median precision of both scanners was high (< 0.1 mm). Scanner precision was comparable when the palatal area was tested individually. However, TRIOS 3 showed higher precision regarding the assessment of the dental arch, following superimposition of repeated models on the palate (median difference: approximately 40 μm). In few cases, local areas of higher imprecision were present for both scanners, exceeding 0.3 mm. Thus, scanner precision seems to be high in small, but slightly reduced considering larger areas, with differences between scanners. However, the effect on individual tooth position relative to the palate was for both scanners limited.
Pathways to sustaining tuna-dependent Pacific Island economies during climate change
Authors: Bell Johann D. , Senina Inna , Adams Timothy , Aumont Olivier , Calmettes Beatriz , Clark Sangaalofa , Dessert Morgane , Gehlen Marion , Gorgues Thomas , Hampton John , Hanich Quentin , Harden-Davies Harriet , Hare Steven R. , Holmes Glen , Lehodey Patrick , Lengaigne Matthieu , Mansfield William , Menkes Christophe , Nicol Simon , Ota Yoshitaka , Pasisi Coral , Pilling Graham , Reid Chis , Ronneberg Espen , Gupta Alex Sen , Seto Katherine L. , Smith Neville , Taei Sue , Tsamenyi Martin , Williams Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate-driven redistribution of tuna threatens to disrupt the economies of Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and sustainable management of the world’s largest tuna fishery. Here we show that by 2050, under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5), the total biomass of three tuna species in the waters of ten Pacific SIDS could decline by an average of 13% (range = −5% to −20%) due to a greater proportion of fish occurring in the high seas. The potential implications for Pacific Island economies in 2050 include an average decline in purse-seine catch of 20% (range = −10% to −30%), an average annual loss in regional tuna-fishing access fees of US$90 million (range = −US$40 million to –US$140 million) and reductions in government revenue of up to 13% (range = −8% to −17%) for individual Pacific SIDS. Redistribution of tuna under a lower-emissions scenario (RCP 4.5) is projected to reduce the purse-seine catch from the waters of Pacific SIDS by an average of only 3% (range = −12% to +9%), indicating that even greater reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, in line with the Paris Agreement, would provide a pathway to sustainability for tuna-dependent Pacific Island economies. An additional pathway involves Pacific SIDS negotiating within the regional fisheries management organization to maintain the present-day benefits they receive from tuna, regardless of the effects of climate change on the distribution of the fish.
Complex population structure of the Atlantic puffin revealed by whole genome analyses
Authors: Kersten Oliver , Star Bastiaan , Leigh Deborah M. , Anker-Nilssen Tycho , Strøm Hallvard , Danielsen Jóhannis , Descamps Sébastien , Erikstad Kjell E. , Fitzsimmons Michelle G. , Fort Jérôme , Hansen Erpur S. , Harris Mike P. , Irestedt Martin , Kleven Oddmund , Mallory Mark L. , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Boessenkool Sanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe factors underlying gene flow and genomic population structure in vagile seabirds are notoriously difficult to understand due to their complex ecology with diverse dispersal barriers and extensive periods at sea. Yet, such understanding is vital for conservation management of seabirds that are globally declining at alarming rates. Here, we elucidate the population structure of the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) by assembling its reference genome and analyzing genome-wide resequencing data of 72 individuals from 12 colonies. We identify four large, genetically distinct clusters, observe isolation-by-distance between colonies within these clusters, and obtain evidence for a secondary contact zone. These observations disagree with the current taxonomy, and show that a complex set of contemporary biotic factors impede gene flow over different spatial scales. Our results highlight the power of whole genome data to reveal unexpected population structure in vagile marine seabirds and its value for seabird taxonomy, evolution and conservation.
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte platform screens inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Williams Thomas L. , Colzani Maria T. , Macrae Robyn G. C. , Robinson Emma L. , Bloor Stuart , Greenwood Edward J. D. , Zhan Jun Ru , Strachan Gregory , Kuc Rhoda E. , Nyimanu Duuamene , Maguire Janet J. , Lehner Paul J. , Sinha Sanjay , Davenport Anthony P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients with cardiovascular comorbidities are more susceptible to severe infection with SARS-CoV-2, known to directly cause pathological damage to cardiovascular tissue. We outline a screening platform using human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, confirmed to express the protein machinery critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped virus system. The method has allowed us to identify benztropine and DX600 as novel inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a clinically relevant stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte line. Discovery of new medicines will be critical for protecting the heart in patients with SARS-CoV-2, and for individuals where vaccination is contraindicated.
Cold air plasma: A potential strategy for inducing apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Ding Chengbiao , Chen Chao , Ouyang Wenchong , Liu Qi , Lin Lin , Wu Zhengwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of the joints characterised by synovial hyperplasia and chronic inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RA‐FLS) cells are the dominant cell type in the hyperplastic synovial membrane, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of RA. They can invade cartilage, cause inflammation, destroy joints, and show tumour‐like anti‐apoptosis characteristics. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cold air plasma (CAP) on RA‐FLS cells. The results showed that CAP treatment for 120 s could significantly reduce the viability of RA‐FLS cells, increase the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and significantly down‐regulate the ratio of apoptosis‐related protein Bcl‐2 to Bax. In this study, a novel approach of inducing apoptosis in RA‐FLS cells using CAP was proposed, which may provide a new choice for joint targeting therapy of RA.
Effects of dynamic deformation of pendant water drops on the electric field between hollow porcelain insulator sheds under extreme rainfall
Authors: Sun Yijie , Yang Lin , Shang Gaofeng , Kuang Zhiqiang , Liao Yifan , Hao Yanpeng , Li Licheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHollow porcelain insulators in substations are frequently confronted with rain flashovers under extreme rainfall. This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of electric fields between hollow porcelain insulator sheds affected by dynamic deformation of pendant water drops and effects of the dimensionless number of fluids, the Weber number (We) and the electric Bond number (BoE), on it for influencing factors' analysis. Flow‐electric field coupling simulations were carried out to compute the magnitude and the position of AC electric fields between the sheds. The results show that the maximum electric field at a point in time (Etmax) increases significantly after the breakup of the pendant water drop, and its position alters accordingly. For low We and BoE, the global maximum electric field (Egmax) increases with increasing We and BoE, respectively. It is much closer to the adjacent sheds and occurs later than Etmax at the breakup of the pendant water drop (Ebmax). By contrast, Egmax decreases in different degrees at high We and BoE, respectively. There is little difference between Egmax and Ebmax in the position and the occurring time. The influence mechanism on the maximum electric field and discharges and the relationship between discharges induced by the pendant water drop and rain flashover are discussed.
The improved fault location method for flexible direct current grid based on clustering and iterating algorithm
Authors: Ma Chenyang , Li Bin , He Jiawei , Li Ye , Mao Qiyang , Wang Shuai , Li Guanzheng , Hu Zepeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fault location method based on the natural frequency of the fault travelling wave has outstanding superiority in high‐voltage dc system, because of high operation speed, acceptable sampling rate, and so on. However, in flexible dc grid, the natural‐frequency characteristic is quite different from that in conventional high‐voltage dc system, meaning the existing fault location method cannot be directly used. This paper analyses the distance‐frequency characteristics in different stages of fault period (from fault occurrence to fault isolation) in flexible dc grid, to find a suitable stage for fault location. On the basis of this, the improved fault location method based on clustering and iterating algorithms is proposed. Compared with the traditional method which directly uses the multiple signal classification algorithm to estimate the natural frequency for fault location, the proposed method can effectively eliminate the large error caused by signal dimension fluctuation and false spectrum peak of multiple signal classification algorithm. Finally, simulation cases are carried out to prove the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Haas Rainer , Jäger Paul S. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungMit diesem Artikel möchten wir dem Leser verdeutlichen, wie in den letzten Jahrzehnten dank der Fortschritte in der Molekularbiologie neue medizinisch relevante Erkenntnisse bei myeloischen Neoplasien gewonnen wurden. Das wachsende Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Pathophysiologie ist auf die Identifizierung spezifischer genomischer Veränderungen zurückzuführen und liefert uns sehr empfindliche Werkzeuge für die Diagnostik, Prognoseabschätzung und das Therapiemonitoring. Zusätzlich ebnet uns die Identifizierung bestimmter molekularer Zielstrukturen den Weg zu einer individualisierten oder personalisierten Therapie. Insbesondere die rasche Entwicklung neuer Sequenzierungstechniken für das menschliche Genom wie Next Generation Sequencing hat zu diesem Fortschritt beigetragen. Einhergehend mit diesem Fortschritt, stehen wir jedoch auch vor neuen Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der Interpretation der gewonnenen Daten. In jüngster Zeit haben uns neue Auswertungsverfahren, die sich unter anderem bei Methoden aus dem Gebiet der künstlichen Intelligenz bedienen, Werkzeuge zur Verfügung gestellt, um die komplexen Wechselwirkungen von genomischen Veränderungen, Krankheitsverlauf und weiteren Faktoren genauer analysieren zu können und welche in Zukunft für den Kliniker an Relevanz gewinnen können.
Developing China’s workforce skill taxonomy reveals extent of labor market polarization
Authors: Xu Weipan , Qin Xiaozhen , Li Xun , Chen Haohui , Frank Morgan , Rutherford Alex , Reeson Andrew , Rahwan Iyad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChina, the world’s second largest economy, is transitioning into an advanced, knowledge-based economy after four decades of rapid economic development. However, China still lacks a detailed understanding of the skills that underly the Chinese labor force, and the development and spatial distribution of these skills. Similar data has proven essential in other contexts; for example, the US standardized skill taxonomy, Occupational Information Network (O*NET), played an important role in understanding the dynamics of manufacturing and knowledge-based work, and the potential risks from automation and outsourcing. Here, we use Machine Learning techniques to bridge this gap, creating China’s first workforce skill taxonomy, and map it to O*NET. This enables us to reveal workforce skill polarization into social-cognitive skills and sensory-physical skills, and to explore China’s regional inequality in light of workforce skills, and compare it to traditional metrics such as education. We build an online tool for the public and policy makers to explore the skill taxonomy: skills.sysu.edu.cn. We also make the taxonomy dataset publicly available for other researchers.
Correlation between photoluminescence and antiferromagnetic spin order in strongly correlated YMnO3 ferroelectric epitaxial thin film
Authors: Miura K. , Kiriya D. , Yoshimura T. , Fujimura N. 
Published: July 2021

The electron excitation mechanism and the spin accompanied by electron transition in a multiferroic YMnO3 epitaxial thin film were studied using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The thin film exhibits an intra-atomic transition of Mn3+ and the A1 optical coherent phonon. This study particularly focuses on the correlation between the electron transition corresponding to the on-site Coulomb energy and antiferromagnetic spin order. To clarify the complex excitation mechanism, the excitation energy and temperature dependences of the PL were analyzed. The key finding was that the intensities of the PL band at 1.43 eV increase as the excitation energy approaches the absorption peak energy corresponding to the on-site Coulomb energy and as the temperature decreases below 80 K, corresponding to the Néel temperature. These results suggest that the PL band is mediated by the spin–flip and relaxation processes.
Orthogonal neural codes for speech in the infant brain
Authors: Gennari Giulia , Marti Sébastien , Palu Marie , Fló Ana , Dehaene-Lambertz Ghislaine 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceFor adults to comprehend spoken language, and for infants to acquire their native tongue, it is fundamental to encode speech as a sequence of stable and invariant segments despite its extreme acoustic variability. We show that the brain of a 3-mo-old baby can achieve this critical task thanks to a decomposition system which breaks down the speech input into minimal and orthogonal components such as the manner and the place of articulation. These elementary units are robust to signal variability and are flexibly recombined into phoneme identities during a second processing phase. Our data indicate that a combinatorial neural code for speech is present at an early stage of language development.
Rotation suppresses giant-scale solar convection
Authors: Vasil Geoffrey M. , Julien Keith , Featherstone Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The entire Sun completes a full rotation in roughly 28 d. Within the outer 30% of the solar interior, turbulent thermal convection powers fluid outward. Rotation deflects the fluid and determines the morphology of eddies and large-scale shear. Such flows are the ultimate agents of astrophysical and planetary magnetic field generation, one of the most important open problems in all of science. Our results make theoretical predictions regarding the Sun’s internal flow structure and rotational constraint. We predict tall and slender vortices persisting throughout much of the convection zone under the sway of strong rotation. We also clarify previous observational discrepancies and explain why such structures have been hard to reproduce in numerical simulations.