bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Performance Modeling of Cloud-Based Big Data Applications
Authors: Ataie Ehsan , Evangelinou Athanasia , Gianniti Eugenio , Ardagna Danilo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark are two of the most prominent distributed solutions for processing big data applications on the market. Since in many cases these frameworks are adopted to support business critical activities, it is often important to predict with fair confidence the execution time of submitted applications, for instance when service-level agreements are established with end-users. In this work, we propose and validate a hybrid approach for the performance prediction of big data applications running on clouds, which exploits both analytical modeling and machine learning (ML) techniques and it is able to achieve a good accuracy without too many time consuming and costly experiments on a real setup. The experimental results show how the proposed approach attains improvement in accuracy, number of experiments to be run on the operational system and cost over applying ML techniques without any support from analytical models. Moreover, we compare our approach with Ernest, an ML-based technique proposed in the literature by the Spark inventors. Experiments show that Ernest can accurately estimate the performance in interpolating scenarios while it fails to predict the performance when configurations with increasing number of cores are considered. Finally, a comparison with a similar hybrid approach proposed in the literature demonstrates how our approach significantly reduce prediction errors especially when few experiments on the real system are performed.
Estimating the correlation in network disturbance models
Authors: Barbour A D , Reinert Gesine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe network disturbance model of P. Doreian (1989), expresses the dependency between observations taken at the vertices of a network by modelling the correlation between neighbouring vertices, using a single correlation parameter $\rho$. It has been observed that estimation of $\rho$ in dense graphs, using the method of maximum likelihood, leads to results that can be both biased and very unstable. In this article, we sketch why this is the case, showing that the variability cannot be avoided, no matter how large the network. We also propose a more intuitive estimator of $\rho$, which shows little bias. The related network effects model is briefly discussed.
Hellenism, philhellenism and classical reception: commemorating the 1821 revolution
Authors: Wallace Jennifer , Lambropoulos Vassilis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Greek Revolution of 1821–1829 mobilized the ideas of classical reception and Philhellenism developed over the previous century to appeal for international support for the war. These complicated ideas influenced the ways both Greeks and non-Greeks thought about the nation, its political character, language, literature, history, culture and landscape. How the revolution and post-revolutionary Greece have been interpreted has shifted over the past 40 years, reflecting changes in both critical theory and also in the geopolitical circumstances in the Eastern Mediterranean and globally. The bicentenary celebrations of 2021 have highlighted the complex, competing claims for the authority to give the dominant account of the founding of modern Greece. Reviewing the scholarship on both Western and Greek Hellenism over the past four decades, our article considers the relationship between classical reception, revolution and the act of commemoration and reveals the hybridity of Hellas in 1821 and 2021.
Mitral annular calcification and valvular dysfunction: multimodality imaging evaluation, grading, and management
Authors: Xu Bo , Kocyigit Duygu , Wang Tom Kai Ming , Tan Carmela D , Rodriguez E Rene , Pettersson Gösta B , Unai Shinya , Griffin Brian P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMitral annular calcification (MAC) refers to calcium deposition in the fibrous skeleton of the mitral valve. It has many cardiovascular associations, including mitral valve dysfunction, elevated cardiovascular risk, arrhythmias, and endocarditis. Echocardiography conventionally is the first-line imaging modality for anatomic assessment, and evaluation of mitral valve function. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated importance as an imaging modality for the evaluation and planning of related procedures. It also holds promise in quantitative grading of MAC. Currently, there is no universally accepted definition or classification system of MAC severity. We review the multimodality imaging evaluation of MAC and associated valvular dysfunction and propose a novel classification system based on qualitative and quantitative measurements derived from echocardiography and cardiac CT.
Outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention in diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Authors: Lehto Hanna-Riikka , Winell Klas , Pietilä Arto , Niiranen Teemu J , Lommi Jyri , Salomaa Veikko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after first myocardial revascularisation procedure in real-world practice and to compare the differences in outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.Methods and resultsA database was compiled from the national hospital discharge register to collect data on all cardiac revascularisations performed in Finland in 2000–2015. The outcomes (all-cause deaths, cardiovascular (CV) deaths, major CV events and need for repeat revascularisation) after the first revascularisation were identified from the national registers at 28 day, 1 year, and 3 year time points.A total of 139 242 first-time revascularisations (89 493 PCI and 49 749 CABG) were performed during the study period. Of all the revascularised patients, 24% had diabetes, and 76% were non-diabetic patients. At day 28, the risk of fatal outcomes was lower after PCI than after CABG among non-diabetic patients, whereas no difference was seen among diabetic patients. In long-term follow-up the situation was reversed with PCI showing higher risk compared with CABG for most of the outcomes. In particular, at 3 year follow-up the risk of all-cause deaths was elevated among diabetic patients [HR 1.30 (95% CI 1.22–1.38) comparing PCI with CABG] more than among non-diabetic patients [HR 1.09 (1.04–1.15)]. The same was true for CV deaths [HR 1.29 (1.20–1.38) among diabetic patients, and HR 1.03 (0.98–1.08) among non-diabetic patients].ConclusionAlthough PCI was associated with better 28 day prognosis, CABG seemed to produce better long-term prognosis especially among diabetic patients.
Comparative efficacy and safety of different catheter ablation strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation: a network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Ballatore Andrea , Gaita Fiorenzo , Scaglione Marco , De Ponti Roberto , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsWhereas pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the universally agreed target in catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), an ideal ablation set in persistent AF remains questioned. Aim of this study is to conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing different ablation strategies in persistent AF patients.Methods and resultsNetwork meta-analysis was performed in a frequentist framework with the different ablation strategies constituting the competitive arms of interest. Primary efficacy endpoint was recurrences of atrial tachyarrhythmia (AF, atrial flutter, and/or organized atrial tachycardia). Secondary endpoints included major peri-procedural complications, procedure, and fluoroscopy duration. PubMED/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched through June 2020. 2548 records were screened and 57 full-text articles assessed. Eventually 24 RCTs were included, encompassing 3245 patients (median follow-up 15 months, IQR 12–18). Compared to PVI alone, PVI plus linear lesions in the left atrium and elimination of extra-PV sources was the only strategy associated with a reduced risk of arrhythmia recurrence (RR 0.49, 95%CI 0.27–0.88). Most treatment arms were associated with longer procedural time compared with PVI; however, major peri-procedural complications and fluoroscopy time did not differ.ConclusionA comprehensive strategy including PVI, linear lesions in the left atrium, and elimination of extra-PV sources (constrained by a heterogeneous definition across studies) was associated with reduced risk of recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias compared to PVI alone. All investigated treatment arms yielded similar safety profiles. Further research should rely on enhanced substrate-based approach definitions to solve one of the most evident knowledge gaps in interventional electrophysiology.
Erosion of State Power, Corruption Control and Fiscal Capacity
Authors: Li Weijia , Roland Gérard , Xie Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe model how corruption erodes state power, that is, the state’s ability to keep its apparatus under control in crises. Under a general assumption about fat-tailed risk of crisis, we show that given strong fiscal capacity, the head of the state will control local corruption at such a level that its power is secured; given weaker capacity, the state will over-tolerate corruption to retain officials, risking control in crises; moreover, a state may be trapped with too weak fiscal capacity, rampant corruption, and the state losing control in any real crisis, while having little incentive to invest in fiscal capacity. By developing historical narratives, we show that these theoretical results are consistent with experience from the Roman Empire, New Kingdom of Egypt, Ming China and many other powerful states in history.
Orthognathic speech pathology: impacts of Class III malocclusion on speech
Authors: Lathrop-Marshall Hillary , Keyser Mary Morgan B , Jhingree Samantha , Giduz Natalie , Bocklage Clare , Couldwell Sandrine , Edwards Haley , Glesener Tim , Moss Kevin , Frazier-Bowers Sylvia , Phillips Ceib , Turvey Timothy , Blakey George , White Ray , Mielke Jeff , Zajac David , Jacox Laura A 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Introduction
Patients with dentofacial disharmonies (DFDs) seek orthodontic care and orthognathic surgery to address issues with mastication, esthetics, and speech. Speech distortions are seen 18 times more frequently in Class III DFD patients than the general population, with unclear causality. We hypothesize there are significant differences in spectral properties of stop (/t/ or /k/), fricative (/s/ or /ʃ/), and affricate (/tʃ/) consonants and that severity of Class III disharmony correlates with the degree of speech abnormality.

Methods
To understand how jaw disharmonies influence speech, orthodontic records and audio recordings were collected from Class III surgical candidates and reference subjects (n = 102 Class III, 62 controls). A speech pathologist evaluated subjects and recordings were quantitatively analysed by Spectral Moment Analysis for frequency distortions.

Results
A majority of Class III subjects exhibit speech distortions. A significant increase in the centroid frequency (M1) and spectral spread (M2) was seen in several consonants of Class III subjects compared to controls. Using regression analysis, correlations between Class III skeletal severity (assessed by cephalometric measures) and spectral distortion were found for /t/ and /k/ phones.

Conclusions
Class III DFD patients have a higher prevalence of articulation errors and significant spectral distortions in consonants relative to controls. This is the first demonstration that severity of malocclusion is quantitatively correlated with the degree of speech distortion for consonants, suggesting causation. These findings offer insight into the complex relationship between craniofacial structures and speech distortions.
Do longitudinal orthodontic trials use appropriate statistical analyses? A meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Mheissen Samer , Khan Haris , Almuzian Mohammed , Alzoubi Emad Eddin , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2021

Summary

Background
In orthodontic trials, longitudinal designs with multiple outcome measurements over time are common. The aim of this epidemiological study was to examine whether optimal statistical analysis approaches have been used in longitudinal orthodontic trials.

Methods
Pubmed was searched in August 2021 for longitudinal orthodontic trials with at least three time points of outcome assessment published in the 2017–20 period. Study selection and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate. The analysis approaches undertaken were tabulated and associations between study characteristics and the use of optimal analysis or not were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression.

Results
One hundred forty-seven out of 563 unique records were deemed eligible for inclusion. Only 26.50% of these trials used an optimal statistical analysis for longitudinal data where the data structure is accounted for. None of the study characteristics except the statistical significance of the results were associated with the appropriateness of the statistical analysis. The odds of significant results in studies with suboptimal analyses were higher than that in studies with optimal longitudinal analyses (odds ratio: 3.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.62, 7.46, P = 0.001). For the studies with optimal analysis, the most frequent test was repeated-measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). The reporting of the statistical analysis section was suboptimal in the majority of the trials.

Conclusion
Most longitudinal orthodontic trials are not analysed using optimal statistical approaches. Inferences and interpretation of their results are likely to be compromised.
Towards personalized antithrombotic management with drugs and devices across the cardiovascular spectrum
Authors: Lüscher Thomas F , Davies Allan , Beer Juerg H , Valgimigli Marco , Nienaber Christoph A , Camm John A , Baumgartner Iris , Diener Hans-Christoph , Konstantinides Stavros V 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntravascular thrombus formation and embolization are among the most frequent events leading to a number of cardiovascular conditions with high morbidity and mortality. The underlying causes are stasis of the circulating blood, genetic and acquired coagulation disorders, and reduced antithrombotic or prothrombotic properties of the vascular wall (Virchow’s triad). In the venous system, intravascular thrombi can cause venous thrombosis and pulmonary and even peripheral embolism including ischaemic stroke [through a patent foramen ovale (PFO)]. Thrombi in the left atrium and its appendage or ventricle form in the context of atrial fibrillation and infarction, respectively. Furthermore, thrombi can form on native or prosthetic aortic valves, within the aorta (in particular at sites of ulcers, aortic dissection, and abdominal aneurysms), and in cerebral and peripheral arteries causing stroke and critical limb ischaemia, respectively. Finally, thrombotic occlusion may occur in arteries supplying vital organs such the heart, brain, kidney, and extremities. Thrombus formation and embolization can be managed with anticoagulants and devices depending on where they form and embolize and on patient characteristics. Vitamin K antagonists are preferred in patients with mechanical valves, while novel oral anticoagulants are first choice in most other cardiovascular conditions, in particular venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation. As anticoagulants are associated with a risk of bleeding, devices such as occluders of a PFO or the left atrial appendage are preferred in patients with an increased bleeding risk. Platelet inhibitors such as aspirin and/or P2Y12 antagonists are preferred in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease either alone or in combination depending on the clinical condition. A differential and personalized use of anticoagulants, platelet inhibitors, and devices is recommended and reviewed in this article.
Decision aids for shared decision-making and appropriate anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Song Dan , Zhou Jie , Fan Tianli , Chang Jing , Qiu Yuzhen , Zhuang Zexiang , Ma Juanjuan , Zeng Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
Underuse of oral anticoagulants (OACs) is commonly observed among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), which hinders stroke prevention in AF. Shared decision-making (SDM) can help enhance adherence by minimizing patients’ misunderstanding of treatment and aligning care with their preferences. Decision aids (DAs) have been developed to facilitate the SDM process. This study aimed to: (i) evaluate the effects of DAs on AF patients’ knowledge, decisional conflict, OAC uptake, and adherence and on the incidence of stroke and bleeding; and (ii) explore characterizing factors associated with enhanced DA effectiveness.

Methods and results
Five databases were searched. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 when data were available. Comparative analysis between effective and ineffective DAs was conducted to determine the DA designs associated with better effects. Ten studies were included. Pooling results indicated that DAs reduce decisional conflict related to warfarin use [mean difference = −0.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.18 to −0.02; P = 0.01] and enhance OAC uptake [risk ratio: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.05; P = 0.004]. The effects of DAs on adherence and incidence of stroke and bleeding were unclear. Comparative analysis revealed that DAs with key elements of SDM (situation diagnosis, choice awareness, option clarification, benefits and disadvantages, and patient’s preference) and pre-consultation delivery are more likely to be effective in promoting SDM and OAC uptake.

Conclusions
DAs are promising in promoting SDM and OAC uptake in patients with AF. The evidence on adherence and incidence of stroke and bleeding remains uncertain. More trials with rigorous study design and longer follow-up are necessary to obtain evidence.
Lead fixation mechanism impacts outcome of transvenous lead extraction: data from the European Lead Extraction ConTRolled Registry
Authors: Levi Nir , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Rav Acha Moshe , Tovia-Brodie Oholi , Kennergren Charles , Auricchio Angelo , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Rinaldi Christopher A , Nof Eyal , Ilan Michael , Blomstrom-Lundqvist Carina , Deharo Jean-Claude , Leclercq Christophe , Glikson Michael , Michowitz Yoav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aims
The aims of this study is to characterize the transvenous lead extraction (TLE) population with active (A) compared with passive fixation (PFix) leads and to compare the safety, efficacy, and ease of extracting active fixation (AFix) compared with PFix right atrial (RA) and right ventricular (RV) leads.

Methods and results
The European Lead Extraction ConTRolled Registry (ELECTRa) was analysed. Patients were divided into three groups; those with only AFix, only PFix, and combined Fix leads. Three outcomes were defined. Difficult extraction, complete radiological, and clinical success. Multivariate model was used to analyse the independent effect of Fix mechanism on these outcomes. The study included 2815 patients, 1456 (51.7%) with only AFix leads, 982 (34.9%) with only PFix leads, and 377 (13.4%) with combined Fix leads. Patients with AFix leads were younger with shorter lead dwelling time. Infection was the leading cause for TLE among the combined Fix group with lowest rates among AFix group. No difference in complications rates was noted between patients with only AFix vs. PFix leads. Overall, there were 1689 RA (1046 AFix and 643 PFix) and 2617 RV leads (1441 AFix and 1176 PFix). Multivariate model demonstrated that PFix is independently associated with more difficult extraction for both RA and RV leads, lower radiological success in the RA but has no effect on clinical success.

Conclusion
Mechanism of Fix impact the ease of TLE of RA and RV leads and rates of complete radiological success in the RA but not clinical success. These findings should be considered during implantation and TLE procedures.
Ensuring the continuation of routine primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review of the international literature
Authors: Matenge Sethunya , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Desborough Jane , Hall Dykgraaf Sally , Dut Garang , Kidd Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the diversion of health resources away from routine primary care delivery. This disruption of health services has necessitated new approaches to providing care to ensure continuity.

Objectives
To summarize changes to the provision of routine primary care services during the pandemic.

Methods
Rapid literature review using PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane. Eligible studies were based in primary care and described practice-level changes in the provision of routine care in response to COVID-19. Relevant data addressing changes to routine primary care delivery, impact on primary care functions and challenges experienced in adjusting to new approaches to providing care, were obtained from included studies. A narrative summary was guided by Burns et al.’s framework for primary care provision in disasters.

Results
Seventeen of 1,699 identified papers were included. Studies reported on telehealth use and public health measures to maintain safe access to routine primary care, including providing COVID-19 screening, and establishing dedicated care pathways for non-COVID and COVID-related issues. Acute and urgent care were prioritized, causing disruptions to chronic disease management and preventive care. Challenges included telehealth use including disparities in access and practical difficulties in assessing patients, personal protective equipment shortages, and financial solvency of medical practices.

Conclusions
Substantial disruptions to routine primary care occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary care practices’ rapid adaptation, often with limited resources and support, demonstrates agility and innovative capacity. Findings underscore the need for timely guidance and support from authorities to optimize the provision of comprehensive routine care during pandemics.