bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The position of home‐care nursing in primary health care: A critical analysis of contemporary policy documents
Authors: Fjørtoft Ann‐Kristin , Oksholm Trine , Førland Oddvar , Delmar Charlotte , Alvsvåg Herdis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInternationally, primary health care has in recent years gained a more central position in political priorities to ensure sustainable health care for the population. Thus, more people receive health care locally and in their own homes, where home‐care nursing plays a large role. In this article, we investigate how home‐care nursing is articulated and made visible in contemporary Norwegian policy documents. The study is a Fairclough‐inspired critical discourse analysis seeking to uncover the position of nursing in the prevailing political ideologies on current primary health care. In the documents, we identified several complementary and conflicting understandings about home‐care nursing. Home‐care nursing is presented as a basic part of a municipality's health services, but at the same time, its content and contribution are unclear and almost invisible. We argue that the absence of nursing leads to significant perspectives being left out and tie this to the fact that some patient groups and tasks seem to be disadvantaged. The political placement of home‐care nursing in the health‐care landscape is thus not just about nursing as a professional practice but also concerns fundamental care values in our society in relation to disadvantaged groups and work tasks.
Nectary photosynthesis contributes to the production of mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) floral nectar
Authors: Clearwater Michael J. , Noe Stevie T. , Manley‐Harris Merilyn , Truman Georgia‐Leigh , Gardyne Stephen , Murray Jessica , Obeng‐Darko Sylvester A. , Richardson Sarah J. 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Current models of floral nectar production do not include a contribution from photosynthesis by green nectary tissue, even though many species have green nectaries. Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) floral nectaries are green, and in addition to sugars, their nectar contains dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the precursor of the antimicrobial agent in the honey. We investigated causes of variation in mānuka floral nectar production, particularly the effect of light incident on the nectary.

Flower gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the effects on nectar of age, temperature, light, sucrose, 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (DCMU), pyridoxal phosphate, and 13CO2, were measured for attached and excised flowers.

Flower age affected all nectar traits, whilst temperature affected total nectar sugar only. Increased light reduced floral CO2 efflux, increased nectar sugar production, and affected the ratio of DHA to other nectar sugars. DCMU, an inhibitor of photosystem II, reduced nectar sugar production. Pyridoxal phosphate, an inhibitor of the chloroplast envelope triose phosphate transporter, reduced nectar DHA content. Incubation of excised flowers with 13CO2 in the light resulted in enrichment of nectar sugars, including DHA.

Photosynthesis within green nectaries contributes to nectar sugars and influences nectar composition. Mānuka nectar DHA arises from pools of triose phosphate that are modulated by nectary photosynthesis.
Working with older people: Beginning or end of a nurse’s career?
Authors: Kalogirou Maya R. , Dahlke Sherry , Davidson Sandra , Hunter Kathleen F. , Pollard Cheryl , Salyers Vince , Swoboda Nicholas , Fox Mary 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing numbers of older people (age 65+) make it important to understand how to attract nurses to work with this population.MethodsA secondary analysis using qualitative descriptive methods was used to understand how student nurses’ perceptions about older people may influence their desire to work with older people.ResultsStudent nurses perceive a generational divide between them and older people, regardless of practice settings. They believe working with older people is heavy work, and not high acuity, and although good to learn skills as a student, not a population they want to work with until they are close to retirement themselves.ConclusionsIt is important to enhance nursing education so that students understand the older generation, how to communicate with them and the prevalence of older people in healthcare settings, so that they are more likely to choose to work with older people.
Completely epicardial implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) and CRT‐D systems: A case series and systematic literature review
Authors: Tonko Johanna B. , Blauth Christopher , Rosenthal Eric , Rinaldi Christopher A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEpicardial ICD systems and CRT‐Ds using high voltage coils represent an alternative to transvenous systems in patients without central venous access and prior device complications including infection.ObjectiveWe present a case series in the adult population of epicardial ICD/CRTD systems using high voltage epicardial coils. We summarize the existing data regarding techniques, efficacy, and safety.MethodsA retrospective board approved medical record review was conducted for all patients undergoing epicardial ICD/CRTD placement at our institution between January 2010 and May 2020. The literature was reviewed for prior published trials, case reports, and case series of epicardial high voltage coil insertions.ResultsEleven patients (six female, mean age 48 years) underwent epicardial ICD/CRTD implant including 5/11 completely epicardial CRTD systems. The procedure was performed via median sternotomy in eight patients, left anterior thoracotomy in two patients, and sub‐xiphoid approach in one patient. After a mean follow up of 35 months, appropriate successful shocks were delivered in two (18%) patients and no patients received an inappropriate shock. Three of five (60%) patients had volumetric remodeling with CRT with significant improvement of LV EF. Device‐related complications requiring a surgical/percutaneous revision or another DFT test occurred in six patients (54%). One patient died during follow up due to refractory heart failure. No cases of epicardial device infection, coronary artery compression, constrictive pericarditis, or erosion of defibrillator coils into intrathoracic organs were reported. No randomized studies comparing safety and efficacy of traditional transvenous or subcutaneous ICD systems and epicardial ICD systems using contemporary high voltage coils were found nor any studies directly comparing epicardial defibrillator patches versus epicardial coils. Thirteen case series and 24 single case reports published between 2004 and 2020 were identified describing in total a heterogenous group of 188 patients with ICD systems incorporating one or more epi‐ or pericardially positioned shock coils.ConclusionThe use of epicardial defibrillation coils for ICD/CRT‐D is a feasible treatment option for patients with either failed or contraindicated transvenous ICD systems. Dedicated epicardial high voltage leads with integrated pace‐sense electrodes and specialized delivery tools for minimal invasive implantations may improve longer term outcomes.
Psychological interventions for people with Parkinson’s disease in the early 2020s: Where do we stand?
Authors: Zarotti Nicolò , Eccles Fiona J. R. , Foley Jennifer A. , Paget Andrew , Gunn Sarah , Leroi Iracema , Simpson Jane 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo explore the heterogeneity of the literature on psychological interventions for psychological difficulties in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsA scoping review was performed across five major databases (MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, and Cochrane Library) up to June 2020.ResultsFrom an initial return of 4911 citations, 56 studies were included, of which 21 were RCTs. A relatively wide range of therapeutic models have been adopted with people with PD, from common therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and mindfulness, to less frequent approaches, for example, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and psychodrama. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed, and suggestions are provided for future research on intervention studies and key psychological outcomes.ConclusionsCBT appears to be effective in treating depression and sleep disorders in people with PD, while psychoeducation programmes alone should be avoided. The use of CBT to improve anxiety, quality of life, and impulse control, as well mindfulness‐based interventions, should be undertaken with some caution because of insufficient research and inconsistent results. As we enter the new decade, more high‐quality evidence is required for psychological interventions in people with PD in general and to corroborate preliminary positive findings on the adoption of less frequent approaches such as ACT.Practitioner points

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition associated with several psychological difficulties which be targeted by psychological interventions.

Currently, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be recommended to treat depression and sleep disorders in people with Parkinson’s, while psychoeducation alone should be avoided.

Caution is advised regarding the use of CBT and mindfulness‐based interventions to improve anxiety, quality of life, and impulse control.

Further evidence is required for less common approaches, such as acceptance and commitment therapy, psychodrama, and EMDR.
Is there an association between caregiver antipathy and psychosis? A systematic review
Authors: Barnes Georgina L. , Garety Philippa A. , Emsley Richard , Jameel Leila , Hardy Amy 
Published: July 2021

PurposeExisting reviews of trauma and psychosis have identified associations between childhood emotional abuse (CEA) and psychosis. However, conceptual issues relating to assessment of CEA limit the conclusions that can be drawn from the literature. The aim of this review was to identify and evaluate studies reporting an association between childhood experiences of caregiver antipathy (i.e. criticism, hostility, coldness, or rejection from a parental figure experienced prior to age 17 years) and psychosis symptoms/diagnosis.MethodsFive databases were systematically searched for articles published until May 2020. Studies were evaluated against inclusion/exclusion criteria, and a narrative synthesis of findings was completed. Study quality was assessed by two independent raters.ResultsFourteen studies comprised of 1,848 participants met inclusion criteria. Twelve of these studies found significant associations between caregiver antipathy and psychosis, and two did not. There was evidence that adults with schizophrenia‐spectrum diagnoses report more severe caregiver antipathy in childhood than non‐clinical controls and that caregiver antipathy severity is positively correlated with psychosis symptom severity. Most studies received weak or moderate quality ratings and all used cross‐sectional or case–control designs which showed associations, rather than causal relationships, between childhood caregiver antipathy and later psychosis.ConclusionsFuture research would benefit from more rigorous and valid assessment of CEA, use of multivariate methods to account for possible patterns of co‐occurrence, and longitudinal study designs to make more robust causal claims. The findings may have important implications for the delivery of psychological care for people with psychosis who report adverse caregiving experiences.Practitioner points

People with schizophrenia‐spectrum diagnoses may report more severe caregiver antipathy in childhood than non‐clinical controls.

Caregiver antipathy severity appears to be positively correlated with psychosis symptom severity in clinical and non‐clinical populations.

Clinicians should consider the possible impact of caregiver antipathy on psychosis symptoms, their content and distress maintenance.

Clinicians should also recognise the potential impact of adverse caregiving experiences on therapeutic relationships, patterns of help‐seeking and service engagement.

Best practice in clinical services would be to adopt individual, formulation‐based approaches within trauma‐informed models of care.
The immunosuppressive role of Edn3 overexpression in the melanoma microenvironment
Authors: Freitas Juliano T. , Lopez Jesus , Llorian Claudia , Boroni Mariana , Kos Lidia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEndothelins are cytokines expressed in the microenvironment of several tumors. To identify which stromal cells in the melanoma microenvironment respond to endothelin, we injected murine melanoma cell lines B16F10, YUMM1.7, and YUMMER1.7 in a transgenic mouse that overexpresses endothelin 3 (Edn3) under the control of the keratin 5 promoter in the skin (K5‐Edn3). All cell lines developed larger tumors in K5‐Edn3 mice than in control animals. In YUMM1.7 tumors, the Edn3 receptor, endothelin receptor B (Ednrb), was expressed in several stromal cell types including immune cells. This result was validated by the identification of Ednrb‐positive stromal cells in human melanoma from previously published RNA‐seq data. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and dendritic cell numbers were significantly higher in K5‐Edn3 tumors when compared to control tumors. Edn3 increased Treg proliferation in vitro and the expression of FOXP3. YUMM1.7‐GFP tumors in K5‐Edn3 mice were sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti‐CTLA‐4) as well as to Ednrb blockage (BQ‐788). Our results indicate that Ednrb signaling has an important role in the melanoma microenvironment where it mediates immunosuppression resulting in escape from tumor immunity.
Is primary hepatic angiosarcoma in children an indication for liver transplantation?—A single‐centre experience and review of the literature
Authors: Aldén Josefin , Baecklund Fredrik , Psaros Einberg Afrodite , Casswall Thomas , Wessman Sandra , Ericzon Bo‐Göran , Nowak Greg 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPHA in the paediatric population is an extremely rare and aggressive malignant soft tissue neoplasm, with less than 50 cases published worldwide. The prognosis is dismal. If the tumour is unresectable, one treatment option is LT. In this article, the current available literature is reviewed and additionally, three cases of paediatric patients with PHA who underwent LT at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden, are presented. Based on the literature and our own experience, there is undoubtedly possible good outcome of LT due to PHA. On the contrary, no patients have survived PHA without LT. PHA in paediatric patients should be recommended to LT in selected patients. Effect of modern adjuvant chemo and RT should be evaluated further based on international registry for such rare cases of PHA.
Epistemic blame
Authors: Boult Cameron 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a critical overview of recent work on epistemic blame. The paper identifies key features of the concept of epistemic blame and discusses two ways of motivating the importance of this concept. Four different approaches to the nature of epistemic blame are examined. Central issues surrounding the ethics and value of epistemic blame are identified and briefly explored. In addition to providing an overview of the state of the art of this growing but controversial field, the paper highlights areas where future work is needed.
Interactive effects of childhood maltreatment and tonic respiratory sinus arrhythmia on young adults’ depressive symptoms
Authors: Zhang Hui , Luo Yun , Davis Toshanna , Zhang Linlin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe goal of the current study was to investigate the moderating effect of tonic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in the relation between childhood maltreatment and depression symptoms among young adults. A total of 98 participants (70 women) aged 17–22 years completed questionnaires on childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. RSA data were obtained during a resting condition in the laboratory. Results indicated that childhood maltreatment interacted with tonic RSA to predict depressive symptoms, even after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) of each participant. Specifically, higher levels of childhood maltreatment were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, but only among young adults who exhibited lower tonic RSA. The results indicated that the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms depends on young adults’ physiological functioning/flexibility. Findings suggest that consideration of external environmental factors in combination with internal physiological factors is critical to understand young adults’ mental health.
Increased exhalation to inhalation ratio during breathing enhances high‐frequency heart rate variability in healthy adults
Authors: Bae Dalbyeol , Matthews Jacob J. L. , Chen J. Jean , Mah Linda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) is a well‐established surrogate of cardiac and emotional health that reflects the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system. We examined the impact of manipulating exhalation to inhalation ratio (E:I) on HRV, without altering the intrinsic breathing rate of healthy individuals. We hypothesized that a longer exhalation relative to inhalation (E:I > 1) would shift HRV metrics in a direction consistent with increased parasympathetic activity. Twenty‐eight individuals (16 young [6M, age = 21–28];12 older adults [6M, age = 66–80]) completed a task during which they paced breathing according to their intrinsic respiratory rate, but altered onset of exhalation and inhalation according to 1:1 sound cue (equal exhalation and inhalation duration) or 2:1 cue (exhalation twice as long as inhalation). Paced 1:1 breathing followed these task conditions to examine residual effects. Estimates of actual E:I ratio based on thoracic movement were 1.08(0.16) for 1:1 task and 1.33(0.20) for 2:1 task, which were significantly different from one another. HRV metrics derived from electrocardiogram included root mean square of the successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD) and high‐frequency (HF) HRV. Analyses of HRV metrics by block showed that RMSSD and HF‐HRV were higher in the 2:1 task condition compared to 1:1. Time series analysis showed that HF‐HRV increased after the end of the 2:1 task block and remained elevated for four minutes. These findings suggest that longer duration of exhalation relative to inhalation, without altering breathing rate, acutely increased RMSSD and HF‐HRV, consistent with enhancement of cardiac vagal tone.
Oral health status of individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder considering oral hygiene habits
Authors: Moharrami Mohammad , Perez Arnaldo , Mohebbi Simin Zahra , Bassir Seyed Hossein , Amin Maryam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of individuals with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsNinety‐two participants, aged 18 years and older from which 46 had OCD symptoms, were included in this comparative cross‐sectional study. Data on age, sex, smoking habit, educational level, and potential mediators including brushing frequency (BF) and brushing duration (BD) were collected. Clinical examinations determined outcome measures including decayed‐missing‐filled teeth (DMFT), presence of root caries (PoRC), gingival recession (GR), plaque index (PI), and papillary bleeding index (PBI). Pathway analysis was used for data analysis.ResultsIndividuals with OCD had significantly lower DMFT (p < .01), higher BF (p = .01), and lower PI (p = .01); however, there were no significant differences regarding BD, GR, PBI, and PoRC (p > .05). While BD did not have a mediating role, BF mediated the effect of OCD on DMFT (B = −0.31, CI = −0.60 to −0.06) and PI (B = −0.15, CI = −0.36 to −0.03). Males had less PI (B = −1.03, CI = −1.81 to −0.24) and PBI (B = −1.14, CI = −2.09 to 0.20) than females. Except for OCD and sex, other predictors were not significant.ConclusionsIndividuals with OCD had lower caries experience and similar gingival health compared to controls. Part of the impact of OCD was mediated through brushing habits.
What mothers can do about their toddlers’ stranger anxiety
Authors: Wang Lamei , Hung San , Au Terry Kit‐fong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo examine how maternal behaviors may foretell change in toddlers’ stranger anxiety, 168 Hong Kong Chinese middle‐class mother‐toddler dyads were assessed when the toddlers were 12‐month‐olds (M = 11.9 months, SD = .48, 83 or 49% boys); 160 dyads were assessed again 6 months later. Maternal and toddler behaviors were video‐recorded to assess: maternal encouragement and intrusiveness during stranger‐toddler interaction; toddlers’ fearfulness and avoidance of the stranger. Toddlers experiencing more maternal intrusiveness at 12 months increased more in fearfulness and avoidance of strangers 6 months later, whereas maternal encouragement had the opposite, albeit weaker, effect. Reciprocal effects between maternal intrusiveness and toddler temperamental shyness in predicting change in toddler stranger fearfulness were found. Maternal intrusiveness when toddlers interact with a stranger directly predicted developmental changes in stranger anxiety during the second year of life, and this association was mediated by changes in child temperamental shyness.
Emotion matters in early polite lies: Preschoolers’ polite lie‐telling in relation to cognitive and emotion‐related abilities
Authors: Wang Yiyi , Hong Skylar , Pei Meng , Wang Xiaonan , Su Yanjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost prior studies on children's polite lie‐telling have focused on cognitive correlates but neglected emotional correlates. This study examined 115 preschoolers’ polite lie‐telling in relation to both cognitive (inhibitory control (IC), false‐belief understanding) and emotion‐related abilities (emotional theory of mind (ToM), affective empathy). After receiving a disappointing gift, 53 (46.1%) preschoolers lied. Preschoolers’ polite lie‐telling was positively related to their emotional ToM but not to IC, false‐belief understanding, or affective empathy. These findings demonstrate the importance of emotion‐related abilities in early polite lie‐telling. Unexpectedly, we found that preschoolers’ polite lie‐telling decreased with age, which might be explained by the development of moral evaluations of polite lie‐telling.
Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen content, associated with aggregate fractions, after conversion of sandy desert to irrigation farmland, northwest China
Authors: Niu Ziru , Su Yongzhong , An Fangjiao , Liu Tingna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and silt and clay are the main cementing substances formed by soil aggregates in arid areas. In this study, SOC, SIC and total nitrogen (TN) contents were analysed for different soil aggregate fractions that were reclaimed from different times (5, 15, 20, 35, 40, 50 and 60 years), in northwest China. Our results show that, as cultivation time increased from 0 to 60 years, the number of >2, 2–0.25 and 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates increased from 2.76%, 7.23% and 1.40% to 12.44%, 18.32% and 7.88%, respectively, and the stability of aggregates gradually increased from 0 to 0.43. We also found that the OC in the >2, 2–0.25 and 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates increased from 4.97, 3.81 and 2.63 g kg−2 to 9.45, 7.16 and 4.22 g kg−2, and the TN content increased from 0.70, 0.54 and 0.37 g kg−2 to 1.05, 0.90 and 0.70 g kg−2, while the IC in the >2 mm aggregates decreased from 7.22 to 6.22 g kg−2, and the IC content of the 2–0.25 mm aggregates increased from 5.16 to 7.3 g kg−2. Increasing the silt and clay particle content of soil may be an effective means to achieve continuous improvements in agricultural productivity for newly reclaimed land in the ecologically fragile marginal oasis area.