bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies for Treating COVID‐19 Patients Infected With Omicron Variant: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lau Kristy T. K. , Xiong Xi , Wong Carlos K. H. , Au Ivan C. H. , Lui Angel Y. C. , Tsai Gavin Y. T. , Wu Tingting , Li Lanlan , Lau Eric H. Y. , Cowling Benjamin J. , Leung Gabriel M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAntiviral drugs likely remain effective against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant, while monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies have experienced drops in neutralizing ability. This systematic review and network meta‐analysis aims to estimate the comparative effectiveness of antivirals and mAb therapies for treating COVID‐19 patients infected with Omicron, capturing primarily acute outcomes. We searched multiple databases from July 4 to July 19, 2022, with updates through November 4, 2022. Studies comparing the effectiveness of antivirals or mAb to either nonuser controls or other treatments were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS‐I tools. Data extraction and verification involved five independent researchers. Among 39 studies (727,893 individuals with COVID‐19, including 38 nonrandomized trials), nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and sotrovimab were associated with lower risks of mortality (HR = 0.317, 95% credible intervals [CrI] = 0.144–0.678; HR = 0.176, 95%CrI = 0.052–0.527) and hospitalization (HR = 0.479, 95%CrI = 0.319–0.711; HR = 0.489, 95%CrI = 0.293–0.797) compared with nonuser controls. Remdesivir users were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (HR = 0.367, 95%CrI = 0.147–0.868) but not mortality. Molnupiravir and bebtelovimab showed no significant benefits for these outcomes. In conclusion, among individuals infected with COVID‐19 during the Omicron wave, mortality risk was lower with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or sotrovimab use, whereas hospitalization was reduced with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, or sotrovimab. Sotrovimab and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were effective against Omicron B.1.1.529/BA.1 and BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 subvariants, respectively. A key limitation is that findings rely on data from the last search and may be impacted by potential changes in mortality risk due to immune evasion by emerging variants, highlighting the need for ongoing randomized trials across variants and populations.Trial RegistrationThe study was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42022351508.
Improved ablation resistance of Csf/SiBCN composites densified by PIP process: Ablation behavior and damage mechanism
Authors: Dou Wenhao , Wang Bingzhu , Li Daxin , Jiang Haobo , Sun Xiaoliang , Li Ling , Wang Yingying , Yang Zhihua , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo enhance the ablation resistance of porous Csf/MA–SiBCN composites, the polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process is adopted to obtain layered Csf/SiBCN composites containing MA–SiBCN and PDCs–SiBCN. After ablation for 10 s, the ablative layer fails to remain on the Csf/MA–SiBCN surface with mass ablation rate of 0.062 g/s and linear ablation rate of 0.208 mm/s, while the dense Csf/SiBCN surface is covered by a dense and stable ablative layer mainly consisting of amorphous SiO2 glassy phase due to the synergistic ablation effect of MA–SiBCN and PDCs–SiBCN, which could resist the intense scour by ablation flame and prevent internal corrosion, and thus the ablation resistance improves with a 37% decrease in mass ablation rate (0.039 g/s) and an 18% decrease in linear ablation rate (0.171 mm/s), respectively.
3D nanostructure of CO2‐mineralized steel slag
Authors: Li Linshan , Chen Tiefeng , Sun Ming , Gao Xiaojian , He Xingyang , Geng Guoqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSteel slag, a major industrial waste in China, possesses significant CO2 absorption potential. In this study, the CO2 sequestration of steel slag reached up to 15.6%; however, excessive mineralization resulted in reduced hydration activity. Compared to unmineralized slag, the 1‐day compressive strength decreased by 15.9%, and cumulative hydration heat over 72 h dropped by 8%. Using advanced visualization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy‐backscattered electron (SEM‐BSE), 3D X‐ray, and focused ion beam‐transmission electron microscopy (FIB‐TEM), the study reveals the microstructure of overmineralized steel slag, identifying a composition of a calcite outer layer, an amorphous SiO2 layer, a transition area, and an unmineralized core. The mineralization reaction affected 84.80% of the steel slag particles, with volume expansion causing dense regions to become porous, increasing porosity from 0% to 1.62%. This expansion also risks lattice distortion. During CO2 mineralization, a dense calcite layer forms, blocking the hydration of internal silicate gels and calcium silicate minerals, reducing the hydration activity of overmineralized slag. This study offers insights for optimizing CO2 mineralization techniques and applications for steel slag.
Advancing damage‐free machining of KDP: A comprehensive review
Authors: Yang Shengyao , Zhang Liangchi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe series of successful inertial confinement fusion ignitions from December 2022 to December 2023 marked a groundbreaking milestone in humanity's pursuit for a new, inexhaustible source of clean energy. At the core of this ignition system lies the potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals, playing an indispensable role. However, ensuring the reliable, long‐term application of KDP components relies heavily on their quality, necessitating finishes that are free from damage or nearly so. Manufacturing KDP components poses significant challenges due to their fragility, unstable microstructure, sensitivity to environmental factors and complex mechanical behavior. To address the quest for damage‐free manufacturing, interdisciplinary investigations have been commenced, incorporating theoretical analyses, atomistic simulations, and experimental trials. The success of the ignitions has catalyzed intensified research efforts aimed at achieving damage‐free machining of KDP components, drawing significant attention. This review is dedicated to examining existing studies on machining‐induced damage mechanisms and exploring potential pathways for achieving damage‐free machining of KDP crystals.
Transnational Healthcare Practices Among Migrants: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Metersky Kateryna , Guruge Sepali , Wang Lu , Al‐Hamad Areej , Yasin Yasin M. , Catallo Cristina , Yang Lixia , Salma Jordana , Zhuang Zhixi C. , Chahine Monica , Kirkwood Melissa , Al‐Anani Ayah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo present a conceptual definition of transnational healthcare in the context of migrant older adults.DesignThis article follows the Walker and Avant concept analysis framework to conduct an in‐depth analysis of transnational healthcare.MethodsDatabases were searched for scholarly articles using keywords associated with transnational healthcare. The DistillerSR software was employed to screen articles for inclusion in the concept analysis. Titles and abstracts of 390 articles were screened with 50 identified for full‐text screening. Thirty‐seven articles were included to inform the concept analysis.Data SourcesSocial Science Citation Index (Clarivate), PsycInfo and CINAHL databases. Search dates: March–May 2024.ResultsDefining attributes of the concept include cultural comfort and alignment, perceived quality and trust, integration barriers and experiences of discrimination, use of digital platforms and informal networks, challenges navigating host country health systems. Cases, antecedents, consequences, empirical referents and cultural considerations were used to shape a conceptual definition of transnational healthcare.ConclusionTransnational healthcare is defined as a practice involving those living outside of their country of origin seeking healthcare from that country of origin through physical or other means.Implications for Professional PracticeThis conceptual definition highlights the importance of understanding healthcare access, quality and continuity of care across national borders.ImpactThis study addresses gaps in available literature regarding transnational healthcare and its impacts on treatment outcomes, healthcare satisfaction and continuity of care in migrant communities.Reporting MethodThis article adheres to the PRISMA (2020) reporting guidelines for systematic reviews.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Automating Autograding: Large Language Models as Test Suite Generators for Introductory Programming
Authors: Alkafaween Umar , Albluwi Ibrahim , Denny Paul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAutomatically graded programming assignments provide instant feedback to students and significantly reduce manual grading time for instructors. However, creating comprehensive suites of test cases for programming problems within automatic graders can be time‐consuming and complex. The effort needed to define test suites may deter some instructors from creating additional problems or lead to inadequate test coverage, potentially resulting in misleading feedback on student solutions. Such limitations may reduce student access to the well‐documented benefits of timely feedback when learning programming.ObjectivesWe evaluate the effectiveness of using Large Language Models (LLMs), as part of a larger workflow, to automatically generate test suites for CS1‐level programming problems.MethodsEach problem's statement and reference solution are provided to GPT‐4 to produce a test suite that can be used by an autograder. We evaluate our proposed approach using a sample of 26 problems, and more than 25,000 attempted solutions to those problems, submitted by students in an introductory programming course. We compare the performance of the LLM‐generated test suites against the instructor‐created test suites for each problem.Results and ConclusionsOur findings reveal that LLM‐generated test suites can correctly identify most valid solutions, and for most problems are at least as comprehensive as the instructor test suites. Additionally, the LLM‐generated test suites exposed ambiguities in some problem statements, underscoring their potential to improve both autograding and instructional design.
AI‐Assisted Assessment of Inquiry Skills in Socioscientific Issue Contexts
Authors: Zhang Wen Xin , Lin John J. H. , Hsu Ying‐Shao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground StudyAssessing learners' inquiry‐based skills is challenging as social, political, and technological dimensions must be considered. The advanced development of artificial intelligence (AI) makes it possible to address these challenges and shape the next generation of science education.ObjectivesThe present study evaluated the SSI inquiry skills of students in an AI‐enabled scoring environment. An AI model for socioscientific issues that can assess students' inquiry skills was developed. Responses to a learning module were collected from 1250 participants, and the open‐ended responses were rated by humans in accordance with a designed rubric. The collected data were then preprocessed and used to train an AI rater that can process natural language. The effects of two hyperparameters, the dropout rate and complexity of the AI neural network, were evaluated.Results and ConclusionThe results suggested neither of the two hyperparameters was found to strongly affect the accuracy of the AI rater. In general, the human and AI raters exhibited certain levels of agreement; however, agreement varied among rubric categories. Discrepancies were identified and are discussed both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Legume‐Colonising Aphids as Potential PNYDV‐Vectors: Reproduction and Infestation Dynamics in Two Different Field Bean Varieties
Authors: Berawe Ahmed , Ziebell Heiko , Seeger Judith , Saucke Helmut 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFaba bean can be infected by Pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus (PNYDV), a novel pathogen throughout Europe, and transmitted persistently by several legume‐colonising aphid species. Recent field screenings in Austria and Germany of different faba bean varieties were encouraging as consistently the lowest viral symptom development in the variety ‘GL Sunrise’ was reported. However, our own greenhouse experiments revealed that ‘GL Sunrise’ was not resistant to PNYDV but showed a similar susceptibility such as other common varieties, for example, ‘Fuego’. Therefore, we suspected varietal host traits were affecting the reproductive potential of virus vector species with reduced virus transmission, probably explaining the empirical superior health status in the field. Under greenhouse conditions, vector‐specific intrinsic rates of increase (rm) for Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris Aphis fabae Scopoli and Megoura viciae Buckton were similar for both varieties, except for a particular A. pisum‐biotype derived from field pea, with a significantly reduced rm and fecundity in ‘GL Sunrise’. Furthermore, vector abundance assessments in multisite varietal showed A. pisum as the predominant species. In overall cross‐year and ‐site evaluation, early aphid census in ‘GL Sunrise’ at growth stage BBCH 61–65 indicated significantly lower primary A. pisum‐infestation pressure (factor 0,43 relative to ‘Fuego’). This lower infestation level in ‘GL Sunrise’ was kept until BBCH 77–79 but the difference had diminished down to the non‐significant factor of 0,74 A. pisum‐density relative to ‘Fuego’ in the late census, respectively. Based on our findings of (i) basic PNYDV susceptibility, (ii) similar reproductive vector performance of key aphid species, together with (iii) a significantly weaker initial A. pisum‐infestation levels in the field, we hypothesise ‘GL Sunrise’‐specific additional antixenosis/antibiotic traits, must influence host recognition and settling behaviour of alighting (viruliferous) migrants and/or apteres, which finally determine the superior PNYDV‐health status in ‘GL Sunrise’ at field conditions.
Quality Detection of Fresh‐Cut Pineapples During Cold Storage Based on Diffuse Reflectance and Fluorescence Hyperspectral Imaging Technique
Authors: Xie Yongkang , Fu Xiaping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables industry has developed rapidly in recent years, with pineapple being a popular fruit. The quality of pineapple plays a crucial role in determining its market value. This research explored the potential of diffuse reflectance hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and fluorescence hyperspectral imaging (FHSI) in monitoring L*a*b*, pH, and soluble solids content (SSC) of fresh‐cut pineapples during cold storage. Fresh‐cut pineapples were stored at a temperature of 4°C for 0–5 days, with daily acquisition of diffuse reflectance and fluorescence hyperspectral images at 380–1000 nm, along with measurement of quality indices. Changes in spectral properties and quality indices during cold storage were analyzed. Seven preprocessing algorithms were used to preprocess two types of spectra. Subsequently, five feature selection methods were employed to extract feature variables from the preprocessed spectra. The Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) models were constructed to predict the various quality indices. Data fusion methods were introduced to leverage the complementary information from different spectra. Both feature‐level and decision‐level fusion methods demonstrated improvement in model accuracy. The hybrid fusion method, combining the advantages of these two fusion methods, effectively enhanced the prediction accuracy of all quality indices. The determination coefficients (R2) for predicting L*a*b* consistently exceeded 0.8, while the R2 for predicting pH was close to 0.8, and the R2 for predicting SSC reached 0.91. In summary, the quality indices of fresh‐cut pineapples can be accurately predicted using diffuse reflectance HSI and FHSI, with model accuracy further enhanced through multi‐level data fusion methods.
Defining Midwifery‐Led Care in the United States Using Concept Analysis
Authors: Page Katie , Phillippi Julia , Emeis Cathy L. , Cummins Allison , Thumm Brie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNational health policy initiatives recommend increased integration of midwifery care in the United States to improve care quality and reduce maternal health disparities. However, the service models through which midwives provide midwifery care and produce quality outcomes are poorly understood. Midwifery‐led care is a service model frequently associated with improved outcomes compared with other models. The service model has been infrequently or inconsistently studied in the Unites States and has been narrowly defined and applied to perinatal care. The purpose of this concept analysis was to evaluate the concept of midwifery‐led care and expand the definition to guide midwifery practice, research, and health policy. The analysis followed Walker and Avant's methodology. Three attributes of midwifery‐led care were identified: (1) midwife as the lead clinician; (2) person‐midwife partnership; and (3) care embodies midwifery philosophy. Antecedents were (1) license to practice as a midwife; (2) a person needing or desiring sexual, reproductive, perinatal, or newborn care; (3) a person with low‐ or moderate‐risk health status; (4) regulations and guidelines that support provision of midwifery care; and (5) reimbursement for services. Consequences of midwifery‐led care included (1) improved maternal and neonatal outcomes, (2) patient satisfaction, and (3) reduced health care costs. The presented expanded definition of midwifery‐led care is the first to use a systems level approach and explicitly center the person receiving care and the philosophical approach of midwifery care. Application of this definition is needed in theoretical and pragmatic research to classify midwifery‐led care and other service models and compare patient‐ and organization‐level outcomes.
Plasticity of Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons by Innate Immune Activation Is Influenced by Electrophysiological Activity
Authors: Friedman Timothy N. , Lamothe Shawn M. , Maguire Aislinn D. , Hammond Thomas , Tenorio Gustavo , Hilton Brett J. , Plemel Jason R. , Kurata Harley T. , Kerr Bradley J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe complex relationship between inflammation, its effects on neuronal excitability and the ensuing plasticity of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons remains to be fully explored. In this study, we have employed a system of experiments assessing the impact of inflammatory conditioned media derived from activated immune cells on the excitability and activity of DRG neurons and how this relates to subsequent growth responses of these cells. We show here that an early phase of increased neuronal activity in response to inflammatory conditioned media is critical for the engagement of plastic processes and that neuronal excitability profiles are linked through time to the structural phenotype of individual neurons. Pharmacological blockade of neuronal activity was able to abolish the growth‐promoting effects of inflammatory media. Our results suggest that targeting the activity of DRG neurons may provide a novel therapeutic avenue to manipulate their growth status and potential for plasticity in response to inflammation. Importantly, the same pharmacological blockade in vivo abolished pain responses in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. While further studies are needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between neural activity and growth status, a more complete understanding of this relationship may ultimately lead to the development of new treatments for neuropathic pain in disorders associated with heightened immune responses such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
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A case of transient hyperthyroidism induced by placental site trophoblastic tumor
Authors: Ishii Sumire , Hirayama Takashi , Saeki Harumi , Fujino Kazunari , Terao Yasuhisa , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe report a case of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) with transient hyperthyroidism. A 29‐year‐old gravida 2 para 2 woman presented with abnormal genital bleeding 6 months after delivery. Endometrial histology suggested PSTT. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was 117 mIU/mL and serum estradiol (E2) were 51 pg/mL. She reported increased appetite, sweating, fatigue, and 7‐kg weight loss within 3 months. Blood samples showed a thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) level <0.01 μIU/mL, FT3: 24.3 pg/mL, FT4: 5.3 ng/mL. The patient was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. After thyroid function normalized, laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed. Two years postsurgery, there was no recurrence, and thyroid function improved. The hCG produced from gestational trophoblastic disease has stronger TSH activity than that from gestational trophoblasts. However, in PSTT, the E2 level, which increases thyroid‐binding proteins and suppresses elevated thyroid hormone levels, is low and may induce hyperthyroidism. In cases of suspected PSTT, thyroid function should be evaluated when hyperthyroid symptoms are present.
Trade union legal mobilization and consciousness
Authors: KIRK ELEANOR , CRUZ KATIE 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPatricia Ewick and Susan Silbey's recent auto‐critique invited legal consciousness scholars to develop their analyses of legal hegemony in the context of collective sites of legality construction and the contestation of the hegemony of state law. Trade unions provide a particularly apposite group and institutional site to study such processes. From a Marxist perspective, recent labour law scholarship has argued that union engagement with law reproduces liberal legal hegemony by depoliticizing domination and disciplining the individual and collective consciousness of workers and unions. First, we argue that critical legal consciousness research (cLCR) can nuance this Marxist perspective via its insights about polyvocality and legal pluralism. Second, we argue that cLCR relating to the relationship between counter‐hegemonic projects and hegemony could be enriched by elements of the Marxist critique of labour law, albeit one that is committed to viewing theory as productive of hypotheses, rather than certainties, that should always be empirically investigated.
Students' Perspectives on Fostering a Sense of School Belonging in Greece: Moving Beyond COVID‐19
Authors: Tate Lara , Allen Kelly‐Ann , Berger Emily , Grove Christine , May Fiona , Patlamazoglou Lefteris , Gamble Nicholas , Wurf Gerald , Warton William , Reupert Andrea 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudents' sense of school belonging is important for mental health, physical health, and academic performance. However, some students do not feel as though they belong in their schools. This study investigated Greek secondary school students' perspectives on practices that enhanced their sense of belonging during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodAn online survey used open‐ended questions to explore the views of 226 Greek secondary school students.ResultsThematic analysis identified four teacher‐level practice themes: communication and understanding, respect and inclusion, support to become involved in the school community, and classroom structure. Four school‐level practice themes were identified: support and inclusion, psychological support and career guidance, improved school facilities and safety, and activities and opportunities for social connections.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityTeacher communication that fostered belonging included being approachable, understanding, and caring. Students valued inclusion, safety, and equality. Extracurricular activities and workshops strengthened belonging at school. Group work, creative lessons, and at the school‐level, opportunities for social connection, were also important for developing a sense of belonging.ConclusionsBy understanding different level factors linked to school belonging, schools and policymakers can better identify effective and appropriate practices that improve student belonging.