bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert Consensus on Clinical Practice of Burn Units in Shanghai During the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Ma Bing , Fan Xiaoming , Kong Weishi , Xiao Shichu , Zhu Shihui , Yao Min , Liu Yan , Zhu Weiping , Wang Jie , Zeng Yong , Zhao Yede , Su Bo , Xu Shun , Dong Zhaoyang , Gu Haifeng , Li Wei , Jiang Yu , Gu Danping , Xia Zhaofan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Shanghai Burn Clinical Quality Control Center organized experts to formulate and implement a set of rapid, simple, and effective prevention and control measures, and there have not been any cases of health care professionals or inpatients in burn units suspected or confirmed with COVID-19. This article elaborates on the specific measures in burn units in response to the epidemic, including the implementation of standardized procedures, remote consultations, strengthened follow-up, exchange of experience, and popular science, among others. We share experience from Shanghai to benefit related disciplines in other countries and regions.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Adult Burn Management in the United Kingdom: A Regional Center Experience
Authors: Varma Parvathi , Kazzazi Diana , Anwar Mohammad Umair , Muthayya Preetha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, we aim to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on burns provision at an adult regional burn center. Two cohorts of patients were identified for comparison: one during the beginning of the COVID-19 lockdown in April 2020 and a comparator cohort in April 2019. There was a 30% decrease in the incidence of adult burns in 2020. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) was 1.8% and 4.3% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Scald injuries were the commonest mechanism of burns in both cohorts. Depth of burns was deeper in 2019, with 17.6% of patients presenting with deep burns, compared with 9.6% in 2020. Eight percent of patients in 2019 required theater compared with zero patients in 2020. A similar percentage of patients were admitted in both cohorts. In 2019, admitted patients had an average inpatient stay of 0.57 days per TBSA. In 2020, the average stay per TBSA in all patients was 0.6 days and 1.5 days in survivors. In the lockdown period, 54% of patients were followed up by telemedicine. This difficult period has taught us how important a functioning healthcare system is and how we can be better prepared in the future.
Pseudomonal Meningoencephalitis With Ventriculitis Secondary to Bacteremia in a Burn Patient: A Novel Case
Authors: Segal Nicolas , Polcz Valerie E , McKean Jordan A , Kariyawasam Vidhu , Carson Joshua S , Fahy Brenda G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Burn patients with large burn surface area involvement are at increased risk of infection due to the presence of large wounds, multiple surgeries, prolonged intensive care unit admission, and immunosuppression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most commonly isolated organism in this population. Even with frequent infections in the burn population, meningitis and encephalitis are rare, and ventriculitis is exceptional. We report the case of a 66-year-old woman who developed P. aeruginosa bacteremia during her hospital course, causing secondary meningoencephalitis with ventriculitis. She was admitted for partial- and full-thickness burns affecting the neck, chest, abdomen, upper medial arms, and bilateral anteromedial thighs for an estimated 20% total body surface area burn. She met sepsis criteria and broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage was initiated. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, performed for altered mental status, revealed meningitis and ventriculitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated findings consistent with bacterial meningitis, with cultures positive for P. aeruginosa. Serial neuroimaging with computerized tomography revealed new areas of ischemia concerning for septic emboli. In the presence of altered mental status and fever of unknown origin, workup should remain broad. Even in the presence of another source, it is important to keep an open mind for the rarer intracerebral infection as it requires different management, including urgent evaluation of antibiotic selection and dosing to ensure central nervous system penetration, and neurosurgical evaluation.
Mitigating the Transmission of COVID-19 with the Appropriate Usage of Personal Protective Protocols and Equipment in Breast Imaging and Intervention
Authors: Moseley Tanya W , Conners Amy L , He Hongying , Barth Jean E , Lightfoote Johnson B , Parikh Jay R , Whitman Gary J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The integration of personal protective equipment (PPE) and procedures into breast imaging and intervention practices will mitigate the risk of transmission of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Although supply chain shortages have improved, understanding the proper use of PPE and protocols to mitigate overconsumption are important to ensure efficacious utilization of PPE. Protocols and best practices are reviewed, and guidelines and resource materials are referenced in order to support breast imaging healthcare professionals.
Displaying plaster casts, staging Romanization
Authors: Iannantuono Ketty 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In 1911, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the unification of Italy, a grand exhibition of Roman antiquities was hosted at the Baths of Diocletian in Rome. Rodolfo Lanciani, main agent behind the organization of this Mostra Archeologica, opted for exhibiting mainly reproductions of ancient monuments from the far-flung regions that once formed the Roman Empire. The aim was to reconstruct a coherent image of ancient Roman culture, directed towards the celebration of both the glorious Roman Empire and the expanding Italian one. By examining the selection of material exhibited and its display, this paper will analyse how early twentieth-century visions of the Roman past and the Italian present were reflected in the Mostra Archeologica. This analysis sheds light on the impact of these ideas and the nationalistic biases they introduced into the formulation of modern notions of Roman provincial art and archaeology.
Antimicrobial stewardship in community pharmacies in Jordan: assessing current status
Authors: Saleh Doaa , Abu Farha Rana , Darwish El-Hajji Feras 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and perceptions of the Jordanian community pharmacists towards antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs).

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted between August and September 2020. The validated questionnaire consisted of sections that measure participants’ demographics, knowledge and perceptions towards ASPs, and assess antibiotic prescribing practice. Questionnaires were distributed via social media to be filled by community pharmacists in Jordan. For knowledge questions, participants gained one point for each correct answer and zero point for each incorrect answer. Then, a knowledge score was calculated out of 10.

Key findings
During the study period, a convenience sample of 200 pharmacists were recruited and were asked to fill out the study questionnaire, with a majority claimed attending ASPs workshops previously (n = 162, 81.0%). The main sources of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance were university courses and books. With a median knowledge score of 6/10, participants knew that antimicrobials are not always safe. Although only less than 25% knew that ASPs does not necessarily increase treatment duration, most of the pharmacists had positive perceptions towards ASPs. Barriers against application of ASPs were mainly lack of training and lack of physicians’ cooperation (89.0% and 87.5%, respectively). It was agreed by 90.0% of the respondents that ASPs would boost public health confidence in community pharmacists, and 86.0% believed that ASPs would enhance their job satisfaction. Multivariate linear regression showed that female gender of pharmacist was significantly associated with higher knowledge score (P-value = 0.045).

Conclusions
This study highlighted that community pharmacists have a good knowledge in antibiotics and a positive perception regarding ASPs. Despite not being highly familiar with ASPs concept, pharmacists showed great support for involvement in ASPs. They also encouraged incorporating ASPs within community pharmacy level which is considered crucial to control antimicrobial resistance throughout the world.
Impact of Beta-Lactam Allergies on Selection of Antimicrobials in an Inpatient Setting Among Veteran Population
Authors: Neu Daniel W , Guidry Tommie Jo , Gillion Amanda R , Pattanaik Debendra N 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Beta-lactam antibiotics are among the most common and widely used antibiotics. However, reported allergy to this class of antibiotics is also common, leading to the use of alternative broad-spectrum antibiotics by healthcare providers. This has led to the emergence of various negative health outcomes. The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of using alternative antibiotics secondary to a beta-lactam allergy among U.S. veterans who have otherwise multiple comorbidities.

Methods
This retrospective observational analysis was conducted over a 5-year period (January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016) at the Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Admitted patients with a documented beta-lactam allergy were categorized to preferred or non-preferred status based on initial antibiotic therapy antibiotic, allergy history, published guidelines, and local antibiogram. Preferred therapy was defined as the optimal antibiotic treatment for a given indication based on patient allergy history, published Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines, and local antibiogram of Memphis VAMC. The therapy was classified as “non-preferred” if it did not satisfy the preferred therapy criteria. Non-preferred treatments were further assessed for appropriateness based on indication and patient-specific factors. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted to find a difference in rates of negative sequelae among patients receiving preferred vs. non-preferred treatments and appropriate vs. inappropriate treatments.

Findings
Of the 1806 admissions identified, data were collected on 95 unique patients with 147 different antibiotic regimens. There were 68 (52%) preferred treatment regimens and 64 (48%) non-preferred treatment regimens. Of the 64 non-preferred treatments, 43 (67%) were inappropriate. There was a statistically significant decrease in the number of adverse drug events and in the combined negative sequelae outcome among patients receiving preferred therapy vs. non-preferred therapy (2 vs. 12; P &lt; .01 and 11 vs. 23; P &lt; .01, respectively).

Implications
The receipt of non-preferred antibiotic therapy among veterans with a recorded beta-lactam allergy may be associated with an increased risk of developing negative outcomes. Among military personnel, removing unnecessary beta-lactam allergies would improve readiness with optimal antibiotic choices and avoidance of unnecessary risks, expediting return to full duty.
Observing and modelling the young solar analogue EK Draconis: starspot distribution, elemental abundances, and evolutionary status
Authors: Şenavcı H V , Kılıçoğlu T , Işık E , Hussain G A J , Montes D , Bahar E , Solanki S K 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Observations and modelling of stars with near-solar masses in their early phases of evolution are critical for a better understanding of how dynamos of solar-type stars evolve. We examine the chemical composition and the spot distribution of the pre-main-sequence solar analogue EK Dra. Using spectra from the HERMES Spectrograph (La Palma), we obtain the abundances of 23 elements with respect to the solar ones, which lead to a [Fe/H] = 0.03, with significant overabundance of Li and Ba. The s-process elements Sr, Y, and Ce are marginally overabundant, while Co, Ni, Cu, Zn are marginally deficient compared to solar abundances. The overabundance of Ba is most likely due to the assumption of depth-independent microturbulent velocity. Li abundance is consistent with the age and the other abundances may indicate distinct initial conditions of the pre-stellar nebula. We estimate a mass of 1.04 M⊙ and an age of $27^{+11}_{-8}$ Myr using various spectroscopic and photometric indicators. We study the surface distribution of dark spots, using 17 spectra collected during 15 nights using the CAFE Spectrograph (Calar Alto). We also conduct flux emergence and transport (FEAT) simulations for EK Dra’s parameters and produce 15-d-averaged synoptic maps of the likely starspot distributions. Using Doppler imaging, we reconstruct the surface brightness distributions for the observed spectra and FEAT simulations, which show overall agreement for polar and mid-latitude spots, while in the simulations there is a lack of low-latitude spots compared to the observed image. We find indications that cross-equatorial extensions of mid-latitude spots can be artefacts of the less visible southern-hemisphere activity.
Bayesian forward modelling of cosmic shear data
Authors: Porqueres Natalia , Heavens Alan , Mortlock Daniel , Lavaux Guilhem 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach to infer the cosmic matter density field, and the lensing and the matter power spectra, from cosmic shear data. This method uses a physical model of cosmic structure formation to infer physically plausible cosmic structures, which accounts for the non-Gaussian features of the gravitationally evolved matter distribution and light-cone effects. We test and validate our framework with realistic simulated shear data, demonstrating that the method recovers the unbiased matter distribution and the correct lensing and matter power spectrum. While the cosmology is fixed in this test, and the method employs a prior power spectrum, we demonstrate that the lensing results are sensitive to the true power spectrum when this differs from the prior. In this case, the density field samples are generated with a power spectrum that deviates from the prior, and the method recovers the true lensing power spectrum. The method also recovers the matter power spectrum across the sky, but as currently implemented, it cannot determine the radial power since isotropy is not imposed. In summary, our method provides physically plausible inference of the dark matter distribution from cosmic shear data, allowing us to extract information beyond the two-point statistics and exploiting the full information content of the cosmological fields.
Annihilating dark matter search with 12 yr of Fermi LAT data in nearby galaxy clusters
Authors: Thorpe-Morgan Charles , Malyshev Denys , Stegen Christoph-Alexander , Santangelo Andrea , Jochum Josef 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters are the largest virialized objects in the Universe and, as such, have high dark matter (DM) concentrations. This abundance of dark matter makes them promising targets for indirect DM searches. Here we report the details of a search, utilizing almost 12 yr of Fermi/LAT data, for gamma-ray signatures from the pair annihilation of WIMP dark matter in the GeV energy band. From this, we present the constraints on the annihilation cross-section for the $b\overline{b}$, W+W−, and γγ channels, derived from the non-detection of a characteristic signal from five nearby, high Galactic latitude, galaxy clusters (Centaurus, Coma, Virgo, Perseus, and Fornax). We discuss the potential of a boost to the signal due to the presence of substructures in the DM haloes of selected objects, as well as the impact of uncertainties in DM profiles on the presented results. We assert that the obtained limits are, within a small factor, comparable to the best available limits of those based on Fermi/LAT observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
NuSTAR measurement of the cosmic X-ray background in the 3–20 keV energy band
Authors: Krivonos Roman , Wik Daniel , Grefenstette Brian , Madsen Kristin , Perez Kerstin , Rossland Steven , Sazonov Sergey , Zoglauer Andreas 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present measurements of the intensity of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) telescope in the 3–20 keV energy range. Our method uses spatial modulation of the CXB signal on the NuSTAR detectors through the telescope’s side aperture. Based on the NuSTAR observations of selected extragalactic fields with a total exposure of 7 Ms, we have estimated the CXB 3–20 keV flux to be 2.8 × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2 deg−2, which is $\sim \! 8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ higher than that measured with HEAO-1 and consistent with the INTEGRAL measurement. The inferred CXB spectral shape in the 3–20 keV energy band is consistent with the canonical model of Gruber et al. We demonstrate that the spatially modulated CXB signal measured by NuSTAR is not contaminated by systematic noise and is limited by photon statistics. The measured relative scatter of the CXB intensity between different sky directions is compatible with cosmic variance, which opens new possibilities for studying CXB anisotropy over the whole sky with NuSTAR.
Evidence of a population of dark subhaloes from Gaia and Pan-STARRS observations of the GD-1 stream
Authors: Banik Nilanjan , Bovy Jo , Bertone Gianfranco , Erkal Denis , de Boer T J L 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
New data from the Gaia satellite, when combined with accurate photometry from the Pan-STARRS survey, allow us to accurately estimate the properties of the GD-1 stream. Here, we analyse the stellar density variations in the GD-1 stream and show that they cannot be due to known baryonic structures such as giant molecular clouds, globular clusters, or the Milky Way’s bar or spiral arms. A joint analysis of the GD-1 and Pal 5 streams instead requires a population of dark substructures with masses ≈107–$10^9 \ \rm {M}_{\odot }$. We infer a total abundance of dark subhaloes normalized to standard cold dark matter $n_{\rm sub}/n_{\rm sub, CDM} = 0.4 ^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$ (68 per cent), which corresponds to a mass fraction contained in the subhaloes $f_{\rm {sub}} = 0.14 ^{+0.11}_{-0.07} {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, compatible with the predictions of hydrodynamical simulation of cold dark matter with baryons.
Differences in Syphilis Incidence Using a Laboratory Algorithm in People With and Without HIV in an 11-Year Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Maier Marissa M , Gylys-Colwell Ina , Lowy Elliott , Borgerding Joleen , Van Epps Puja , Ohl Michael , Hauser Ronald G , Chartier Maggie , Beste Lauren 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo measure the incidence of syphilis diagnoses among people with HIV vs those without HIV in a national multiyear retrospective cohort.MethodsTreponemal and nontreponemal tests, HIV status, and demographic data were identified among all individuals receiving Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019. Syphilis testing rates and incident syphilis diagnoses as defined by a laboratory algorithm were stratified by HIV status.ResultsSyphilis was diagnosed in 1.2% (n = 2283) of 194 322 tested individuals in VHA care in 2019. Among individuals with HIV tested for syphilis, 6.1% met criteria for syphilis compared with 0.7% without HIV. Syphilis incidence in 2019 was 35/100 000, a 17% increase from 2009 (30/100 000). In 2019, syphilis incidence was 3381 per 100 000 persons among individuals with HIV and 19 per 100 000 in those without HIV.ConclusionsUsing a laboratory-based diagnostic algorithm, a 178-fold difference in syphilis incidence was observed between individuals with and without HIV in 2019. US syphilis incidence data that incorporate HIV status are needed. Interventions to monitor and prevent sexually transmitted infections should address the role of HIV status.
Tetraventricular Hydrocephalus Following Eosinophilic Meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a 14-Month-Old Boy From Mayotte: A Case Report
Authors: Cattaneo Chiara , Hoarau Marion , Valois Sophie , Chamouine Abdourahim , Dembele Yacouba , Collet Luis , Sarton Raphaëlle 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is endemic in Mayotte, and cases of meningitis due to angiostrongyliasis are regularly diagnosed in young children. In a 14-month-old boy with slow-onset psychomotor regression, brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed communicating hydrocephalus. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for A. cantonensis on cerebrospinal fluid was positive. The evolution was favorable with repeated lumbar punctures and a 2-week treatment with albendazole and high-dose corticosteroids.
Combined Transradial and Transfemoral Approach Using a Compliant Balloon for Emboli Protection at the Vertebral Artery During Subclavian Stenosis Stenting: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mendez Aldo A , Mendez-Ruiz Alan , Fakih Rami , Farooqui Mudassir , Dandapat Sudeepta , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Endovascular intervention has become the mainstay of treatment for subclavian artery stenosis in many centers, with high technical success and low complication rates.
1

,

2
However, potential embolization during proximal subclavian artery intervention can lead to catastrophic posterior circulation ischemic complications.3–5
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5
Although considered a rare complication, the presence of a contralateral hypoplastic vertebral artery with persisting anterograde vertebral blood flow on the affected side is likely to increase the risk of embolization.
3
The use of embolic protection devices, such as filters and noncompliant balloons, has been previously described.
3

,

6

,

7
However, there is still a risk of distal embolization and vessel injury with the use of these devices.
7
We present a technical video of a patient in their 80s with left subclavian stenosis who underwent subclavian stent-assisted percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (SAPTA) using an anterograde-retrograde access technique with a dual-lumen compliant balloon catheter (Scepter XC; MicroVention, Aliso Viejo, California) placed at the proximal segment of the left vertebral artery. With this approach, the compliant balloon provides adequate protection while minimizing the risk of endothelial injury and distal embolization.
Written informed consent was obtained for the procedure. Patient consent was waived because all health information was deidentified.