bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward high‐resolution agronomic soil information and management zones delineated by ground‐based electromagnetic induction and aerial drone data
Authors: von Hebel Christian , Reynaert Sophie , Pauly Klaas , Janssens Pieter , Piccard Isabelle , Vanderborght Jan , van der Kruk Jan , Vereecken Harry , Garré Sarah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetailed knowledge of the intra‐field variability of soil properties and crop characteristics is indispensable for the establishment of sustainable precision agriculture. We present an approach that combines ground‐based agrogeophysical soil and aerial crop data to delineate field‐specific management zones that we interpret with soil attribute measurements of texture, bulk density, and soil moisture, as well as yield and nitrate residue in the soil after potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation. To delineate the management zones, we use aerial drone‐based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spatial electromagnetic induction (EMI) soil scanning, and the EMI–NDVI data combination as input in a machine learning clustering technique. We tested this approach in three successive years on six agricultural fields (two per year). The field‐scale EMI data included spatial soil information of the upper 0–50 cm, to approximately match the soil depth sampled for attribute measurements. The NDVI measurements over the growing season provide information on crop development. The management zones delineated from EMI data outperformed the management zones derived from NDVI in terms of spatial coherence and showed differences in properties relevant for agricultural management: texture, soil moisture deficit, yield, and nitrate residue. The combined EMI–NDVI analysis provided no extra benefit. This underpins the importance of including spatially distributed soil information in crop data interpretation, while emphasizing that high‐resolution soil information is essential for variable rate applications and agronomic modeling.
Dual‐permeability modeling of preferential flow and snowmelt partitioning in frozen soils
Authors: Mohammed Aaron A. , Cey Edwin E. , Hayashi Masaki , Callaghan Michael V. , Park Young‐Jin , Miller Killian L. , Frey Steven K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe infiltrability of frozen soils modulates the partitioning of snowmelt between infiltration and runoff in cold regions. Preferential flow in macropores may enhance infiltration, but flow dynamics in frozen soil are complicated by soil heat transfer processes. We developed a dual‐permeability model that considers the interacting effects of freeze–thaw and preferential flow on infiltration and runoff generation in structured soils. This formulation was incorporated into the fully integrated groundwater–surface water model HydroGeoSphere, to represent water–ice phase change in macropores such that porewater freezing is governed by macropore–matrix heat exchange. Model performance was evaluated against laboratory experiments and synthetic test cases designed to examine the effects of preferential flow on snowmelt partitioning between infiltration, runoff, and drainage. Simulations were able to reproduce experimental observations of rapid infiltration and drainage behavior due to macropores very well, and approximated soil thaw to an acceptable degree. Simulation of measured data highlighted the importance of macropore hydraulic conductivity, as well as macropore–matrix heat and water transfer, on controlling preferential flow dynamics. Test cases replicated a range of snowmelt partitioning behavior commonly observed in frozen soils, including subsurface conditions that produce rapid infiltration and deeper drainage, the contrast between limited vs. unlimited infiltration responses to snowmelt, and the temporal evolution of runoff generation. This study demonstrates the important influence that water freezing along preferential flowpaths can have on infiltrability and runoff characteristics in frozen soils and provides a physically based description of this mechanism that links infiltration behavior to hydraulic and thermal properties of structured soils.
Potential microbial functions and quorum sensing systems in partial nitritation and anammox processes
Authors: Feng Zhaolu , Gu Mengqi , Sun Yuepeng , Wu Guangxue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiverse microbial communities coexist in the partial nitritation–anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) process, in which nitrogen metabolism and information exchange are two important microbial interactions. In the PNA process, the existence of diverse microorganisms including nitrifiers, anammox bacteria, and heterotrophs makes it challenging to achieve a balanced relationship between anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria and ammonia oxidizing bacteria. In this study, potential microbial functions in nitrogen conversion and acyl‐homoserine lactones (AHLs)‐based quorum sensing (QS) in PNA processes were examined. Candidatus_Kuenenia and Nitrosomonas were the key functional bacteria responsible for PNA, while Nitrospira was detected as the dominant nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Heterotrophs containing nxr might play a similar function to NOB. The AHLs‐QS system was an important microbial communication pathway in PNA systems. N‐octanoyl‐L‐homoserine lactone, N‐decanoyl homoserine lactone, and N‐dodecanoyl homoserine lactone were the main AHLs, which might be synthesized by nitrogen converting microorganisms and heterotrophs. However, only heterotrophs had the potential to sense and degrade AHLs, such as Saccharophagus (sensing) and Leptospira (degradation). These results provide comprehensive information about the possible microbial functions and interactions in the PNA system and clues for system optimization from a microbial perspective.Practitioner points

Potential functions of anammox bacteria, nitrifiers, and heterotrophs were revealed.

Diverse nitrogen conversion and AHLs‐quorum sensing related genes were detected.

Anammox bacteria and AOB played important roles in the AHLs synthesis process.

Heterotrophs could sense and degrade AHLs during information exchange.
ctmmweb: A Graphical User Interface for Autocorrelation‐Informed Home Range Estimation
Authors: Calabrese Justin M. , Fleming Christen H. , Noonan Michael J. , Dong Xianghui 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTEstimating animal home ranges is a primary purpose of collecting tracking data. Many widely used home range estimators, including conventional kernel density estimators, assume independently‐sampled data. In stark contrast, modern animal tracking datasets are almost always strongly autocorrelated. The incongruence between estimator assumptions and empirical reality often leads to systematically underestimated home ranges. Autocorrelated kernel density estimation (AKDE) directly models the observed autocorrelation structure of tracking data during home range estimation, and has been shown to perform accurately across a broad range of tracking datasets. However, compared to conventional estimators, AKDE requires additional modeling steps and has heretofore only been accessible via the command‐line ctmm R package. Here, we introduce ctmmweb, which provides a point‐and‐click graphical interface to ctmm and streamlines AKDE, its prerequisite autocorrelation modeling steps, and a number of additional movement analyses. We demonstrate ctmmweb's capabilities, including AKDE home range estimation and subsequent home range overlap analysis, on a dataset of four jaguars from the Brazilian Pantanal tracked between 2013 and 2015. We intend ctmmweb to open AKDE and related autocorrelation‐explicit analyses to a wider audience of wildlife and conservation professionals. © 2021 The Authors.Wildlife Society Bulletinpublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Dynamic organization of intracellular organelle networks
Authors: Li Wenjing , Zhang Shuhao , Yang Ge 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntracellular organelles are membrane‐bound and biochemically distinct compartments constructed to serve specialized functions in eukaryotic cells. Through extensive interactions, they form networks to coordinate and integrate their specialized functions for cell physiology. A fundamental property of these organelle networks is that they constantly undergo dynamic organization via membrane fusion and fission to remodel their internal connections and to mediate direct material exchange between compartments. The dynamic organization not only enables them to serve critical physiological functions adaptively but also differentiates them from many other biological networks such as gene regulatory networks and cell signaling networks. This review examines this fundamental property of the organelle networks from a systems point of view. The focus is exclusively on homotypic networks formed by mitochondria, lysosomes, endosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. First, key mechanisms that drive the dynamic organization of these networks are summarized. Then, several distinct organizational properties of these networks are highlighted. Next, spatial properties of the dynamic organization of these networks are emphasized, and their functional implications are examined. Finally, some representative molecular machineries that mediate the dynamic organization of these networks are surveyed. Overall, the dynamic organization of intracellular organelle networks is emerging as a fundamental and unifying paradigm in the internal organization of eukaryotic cells.This article is categorized under:
Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
The effective action of superrotation modes
Authors: Nguyen Kévin , Salzer Jakob 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Starting from an analysis of four-dimensional asymptotically flat gravity in first order formulation, we show that superrotation reparametrization modes are governed by an Alekseev-Shatashvili action on the celestial sphere. This two-dimensional conformal theory describes spontaneous symmetry breaking of Virasoro superrotations together with the explicit symmetry breaking of more general Diff($$ {\mathcal{S}}^2 $$

S
2

) superrotations. We arrive at this result by first reformulating the asymptotic field equations and symmetries of the radiative vacuum sector in terms of a Chern-Simons theory at null infinity, and subsequently performing a Hamiltonian reduction of this theory onto the celestial sphere.
Manifestation of lipopolysaccharide-induced tolerance in neuro-glial primary cultures of the rat afferent somatosensory system
Authors: Nürnberger Franz , Leisengang Stephan , Ott Daniela , Murgott Jolanta , Gerstberger Rüdiger , Rummel Christoph , Roth Joachim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may contribute to the manifestation of inflammatory pain within structures of the afferent somatosensory system. LPS can induce a state of refractoriness to its own effects termed LPS tolerance. We employed primary neuro-glial cultures from rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord, mainly including the substantia gelatinosa to establish and characterize a model of LPS tolerance within these structures.

Methods
Tolerance was induced by pre-treatment of both cultures with 1 µg/ml LPS for 18 h, followed by a short-term stimulation with a higher LPS dose (10 µg/ml for 2 h). Cultures treated with solvent were used as controls. Cells from DRG or SDH were investigated by means of RT-PCR (expression of inflammatory genes) and immunocytochemistry (translocation of inflammatory transcription factors into nuclei of cells from both cultures). Supernatants from both cultures were assayed for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by highly sensitive bioassays.

Results
At the mRNA-level, pre-treatment with 1 µg/ml LPS caused reduced expression of TNF-α and enhanced IL-10/TNF-α expression ratios in both cultures upon subsequent stimulation with 10 µg/ml LPS, i.e. LPS tolerance. SDH cultures further showed reduced release of TNF-α into the supernatants and attenuated TNF-α immunoreactivity in microglial cells. In the state of LPS tolerance macrophages from DRG and microglial cells from SDH showed reduced LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the inflammatory transcription factors NFκB and NF-IL6. Nuclear immunoreactivity of the IL-6-activated transcription factor STAT3 was further reduced in neurons from DRG and astrocytes from SDH in LPS tolerant cultures.

Conclusion
A state of LPS tolerance can be induced in primary cultures from the afferent somatosensory system, which is characterized by a down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, this model can be applied to study the effects of LPS tolerance at the cellular level, for example possible modifications of neuronal reactivity patterns upon inflammatory stimulation.
A concept map to support the planning and evaluation of artifacts in the initial phases of PSS design
Authors: Rosa Maiara , Wang Wei Min , Stark Rainer , Rozenfeld Henrique 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDesigning Product-Service Systems (PSS) is associated with multiple problems and challenges, usually derived from its multidisciplinarity and partially intangible nature. One particular issue is the high likelihood of ignoring the creation of relevant information regarding one or more PSS elements during the early design phases. Proceeding to later stages (e.g., detailed design) without generating the required information regarding all PSS elements and their relationships may lead to rework and lack of integration. Dealing with this problem requires adequate planning and evaluation of the artifacts (such as documents and models) created in the initial design phases. As a fundamental theoretical basis to support the creation of solutions that may help project managers dealing with this challenge, this paper presents a concept map to structure the concepts that compose artifacts resulting from the initial stages of PSS design and how those concepts interrelate. This concept map aims to structure which classes of information should be defined in the early phases of the design process before proceeding to a detailed design. The concept map was created by extracting concepts and relationships proposed in classifications, taxonomies, ontologies, meta-models, and concept maps in the PSS and servitization fields. Those documents were identified through a comprehensive systematic literature review. The resulting concept map was verified for completeness against formal documentation of two retrospective PSS design projects. The final proposed concept map is composed of 143 concepts interconnected through 278 relationships. In its current format, the concept map may be used as a checklist to support project managers in planning and evaluating early phases of PSS design based on information completeness. Researchers may also employ it to deploy ontologies, approach further knowledge and information-related challenges in PSS design, or structure PSS-related model-based systems engineering approaches. In future research, this concept map shall be deployed in a meta-model based on artifacts commonly used in PSS design, structuring a computational tool to allow and support practical application on planning and evaluating PSS design projects.
The value of firm linkages in the age of industry 4.0: a qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Barzotto Mariachiara , De Propris Lisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver the years, manufacturing in advanced economies has been the object of intense reorganization driven crucially by the international strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs), and more recently, by technological disruptions powering a new manufacturing model, defined as Industry 4.0 (I4.0). This paper aims to explore firm-based, place-based and global drivers that can determine high levels of companies’ performance in the context of the emerging manufacturing model ‘I4.0’. In particular, our article tests the relative importance of and balance between three determinants of MNEs’ performance: (i) MNEs’ internal operations and R&D capabilities; (ii) reliance on local external economies and co-location with high-value service and technological competence; and (iii) the extent of MNEs’ production in terms of spread across global value chains. We empirically address this issue by surveying top managers of MNEs operating in four advanced manufacturing industries (biotech, engineering, fashion, and new materials) and located in five European countries (Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). We adopt fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, a configurational, case-oriented approach. MNEs can be highly profitable when they follow different, but equally successful, paths. Our findings shed light on which balance between firm-based, place-based and global drivers positively impacts on companies’ performance in European advanced manufacturing sectors. In particular, we find that companies that collaborate with local suppliers of enabling technologies linked to I4.0 - with regard to the variety and intensity of collaborations- show high levels of performance. Policy implications are drawn in the concluding remarks.
The effect of preoperative pelvic floor muscle training on urinary and colorectal-anal distress in women undergoing pelvic organ prolapse surgery—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mathew Seema , Nyhus Maria Øyasæter , Salvesen Øyvind , Salvesen Kjell Åsmund , Stafne Signe Nilssen , Volløyhaug Ingrid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) improves urinary incontinence and mild pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative PFMT on urinary and colorectal-anal distress and related quality of life (QoL) in women with severe POP scheduled for surgery.

Methods
Randomized controlled trial of 159 women scheduled for POP surgery (intervention = 81, controls = 78). Intervention consisted of daily PFMT from inclusion to the day of surgery. Symptoms and QoL were assessed at inclusion, day of surgery and 6 months postoperatively using the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI-6), Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI-8), Urinary Impact Questionnaire (UIQ) and Colorectal-Anal Impact Questionnaire (CRAIQ) (range 0–100). Mixed model statistical analyses were used.

Results
One hundred fifty-one (95%) women completed the study (intervention = 75, controls = 76). Mean waiting times until surgery and follow-up were 22 and 28 weeks. There was no difference in mean postoperative symptom and QoL scores (95% CI) between the intervention and control group: UDI-6 16 (12–21) vs. 17 (13–22), CRADI-8 15 (11–18) vs. 13 (10–16), UIQ 11 (7–15) vs. 10 (6–13) and CRAIQ 5 (2–7) vs. 6 (4–9), all p > 0.05. Overall mean scores were reduced from baseline to postoperative follow-up: UDI-6 37 (33–41) vs. 17 (14–20), CRADI-8 22 (19–25) vs. 14 (11–16); UIQ 28 (24–32) vs. 10 (7–13) and CRAIQ 16 (12–19) vs. 5 (3–7), all p < 0.01.

Conclusions
We found no added effect of preoperative PFMT on symptoms or QoL related to urinary and colorectal-anal distress in women scheduled for POP surgery. They achieved symptomatic improvement postoperatively regardless of PFMT.

Clinical trial registration
The study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov: NCT 03,064,750.
Establishment of conidial fusion in the asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae as a useful system for the study of non-sexual genetic interactions
Authors: Vangalis Vasileios , Knop Michael , Typas Milton A. , Papaioannou Ioannis A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCell-to-cell fusion is a fundamental biological process across the tree of life. In filamentous fungi, somatic fusion (or anastomosis) is required for the normal development of their syncytial hyphal networks, and it can initiate non-sexual genetic exchange processes, such as horizontal genetic transfer and the parasexual cycle. Although these could be important drivers of the evolution of asexual fungi, this remains a largely unexplored possibility due to the lack of suitable resources for their study in these puzzling organisms. We thus aimed at the characterization of cell fusion in the important asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae via Conidial Anastomosis Tubes (CATs), which can be useful for the analysis of parasexuality. We optimized appropriate procedures for their highly reproducible quantification and live-cell imaging, which were used to characterize their physiology and cell biology, and to start elucidating their underlying genetic machinery. Formation of CATs was shown to depend on growth conditions and require functional Fus3 and Slt2 MAP kinases, as well as the NADPH oxidase NoxA, whereas the GPCR Ste2 and the mating-type protein MAT1-2-1 were dispensable. We show that nuclei and other organelles can migrate through CATs, which often leads to the formation of transient dikaryons. Their nuclei have possible windows of opportunity for genetic interaction before degradation of one by a presumably homeostatic mechanism. We establish here CAT-mediated fusion in V. dahliae as an experimentally convenient system for the cytological analysis of fungal non-sexual genetic interactions. We expect that it will facilitate the dissection of sexual alternatives in asexual fungi.
Do intuitive ideas of the qualities that should characterize involuntary and voluntary memories affect their classification?
Authors: Barzykowski Krystian , Mazzoni Giuliana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt is assumed that the difference between voluntary and involuntary autobiographical memories lies in the intentionality to retrieve a memory assigned by the experimenter. Memories that are retrieved when people are instructed to do so in response to cues are considered voluntary (VAMs), those that pop up spontaneously are considered involuntary (IAMs). VAMs and IAMs so classified are also found to differ in terms of phenomenological characteristics, such as perceived accessibility, vividness etc. These differences are assumed to be due to differences in intentionality and the different retrieval processes at play. It is possible, however, that these differences (which are subjective attributions of phenomenological characteristics) are the result of metacognitive beliefs of what IAMs and VAMs should be. In two experiments, we investigated the possible role of these metacognitive beliefs. Participants rated IAMs and VAMs on a number of phenomenological characteristics in two conditions, when these memories were presented in blocks that specified whether they were retrieved in a voluntary or involuntary task, or when presented in a mixed list with no information provided. If metacognitive beliefs influence the reporting of memory properties, then the block presentation would increase the differences between the characteristics of the two types of memories. The results showed that, besides replicating the characteristics of IAMs and VAMs already observed in the literature, there were almost no differences between the blocked and the mixed lists. We discuss the results as supporting the idea that the difference in characteristics attributed to IAMs and VAMs reflect a genuine difference in the nature of the retrieval and is not the result of pre-existing metacognitive belief on what a voluntary and an involuntary memory should be.