bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Circulation of Youth Policies and Adaptation of Youth Work Practices Organised by Young People at Local Level in France
Authors: Poisson Fransez 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article is focused on two local participation initiatives in North America and Europe. The Youth Services Cooperatives, summer organizations created by teenagers in Quebec, have been adopted in France since 2013, with the support of local institutions responsible for organising youth policies in the Brittany region (France). The other initiative, youth dialogue exchanges organised by young people, was established in Italy, the United Kingdom, and France. This European scheme aimed to create new ways of thinking about cultural policies for young people at local level. Conceptually, this work is based on actor-network theory (Akrich, Callon, and Latour, 2006) and the transnationalisation of public policies (Hassenteufel, 2005) applied to youth policies (Loncle, 2011), with a view to understanding how organisations working across different countries adapt certain international initiatives between different local contexts. The research is based on fieldwork. Interviews were conducted with young people, youth workers, and decision makers in France and Quebec. In Italy and in the UK, informal discussions and interviews with decision makers were carried out, and observations were made during activities led by young people. The analysis demonstrates that the circulation of participation initiatives is strongly dependent on the original context, especially with regard to the organisation of youth policies. Some characteristics of the initiative, for example the model of community organisation, are difficult to transfer to a country where public policies are centred around public institutions. Because of the absence of international actors who would be able to facilitate links between the organizations involved in these projects, local youth workers have taken on the role of international mediators between the original project and the new initiative in the destination context. These experiences are of interest for understanding how young people can have a fundamental role in implementing new participation initiatives, and have an impact on the definition and implementation of youth policies.
A Christian Emperor between Pagan Gods
Authors: Iannantuono Ketty 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In recent years, images of rage against monuments have filled the media. Unmistakably expressing a high degree of tension in societies, these forms of hostility against heritage have been diversely interpreted, prompting passionate expressions of support as well as fierce criticism. Contesting public memorials, however, is not a new form of socio-political dissent. During Late Antiquity, for example, a new sensibility towards ancient monuments emerged in the vast territories that were once part of the Roman Empire. In this article, the late-antique fate of the so-called ‘temple of Hadrian’ at Ephesus is analysed as a case-study. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the approaches adopted to accommodate traditional monumental landscapes in the changed late-antique socio-political context. This analysis offers a new perspective on ancient and contemporary phenomena of contestations of monuments.
Settlement Pattern and Land Use under the Frankish Feudal System in the Northwestern Peloponnese (Thirteenth–Mid-Fifteenth Centuries)
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Kostas , Simoni Helene , Kontolaimos Panagiotis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Following the Fourth Crusade, one of the Frankish states that were established in former Byzantine territories was the Principality of Morea, in the Peloponnese. A strict hierarchy consisting of the prince, the barons, and the fief-knights quickly implemented a feudal system and imposed it on the locals; towers were erected and settlements were relocated. Fieldwork in the Patras area, in the northwestern Peloponnese, has focused on identifying the implementation of the feudal system on the level of the barony and that of the fief. Data are drawn from surface surveys and from historical records, including Ottoman tax registers. Spatial analysis in GIS is used to examine the role of the towers in the economic and social life of the subordinate settlements and how the exercise of power manifests itself in the landscape.
Dying a Good Death: Indonesian Rituals and Negotiations About the End of Life
Authors: Seise Claudia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the following article, I aim to provide an insight into the Islamic understanding of death as perceived by a typical Indonesian Muslim family in South Sumatra. The discussion on what it means to die a good death is used as a central theme to introduce the Islamic rituals and practices surrounding death. I pay special attention to the signs observed by the members of the family while accompanying the dying person and examine how these are grounded in the particular religioscape of South Sumatra. The article is written at the crossroad of area studies and Islamic theology.
Contrast, Contact, Convergence? Afrikaans and English Modal Auxiliaries in South African Parliamentary Discourse (1925–1985)
Authors: van Rooy Bertus , Kotze Haidee 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article investigates modal auxiliaries in original and translated Afrikaans and South African English parliamentary discourse in the period 1925–1985. Against the background of the sociolinguistic history of language contact in the bilingual South African parliament (1910–1994), it analyses (a) the contrastive differences in the use of modal auxiliaries in South African English and Afrikaans, (b) potential cross-linguistic influence in the use of modals between the two languages, and (c) the way in which contrastive differences and cross-linguistic influence are reflected in translations. In both languages, modal auxiliaries are more common in parliamentary discourse than in general usage. There is little evidence of overall convergence; there are, however, cross-linguistic similarities in specific pragmatic uses of modals in parliament. Translations show a large degree of shining-through from the source text, alongside adjustment to target norms; the tension between these two forces is variable, and influenced by social factors.
“An Official Conscience and Warranting Agency”: Institutional Isomorphism and the Rise of Dutch Ethics Review in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Jacobs Noortje 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Why did medical research involving human subjects, a practice that is arguably as old as medicine itself, come to be regulated by research ethics committees in the late twentieth century? In this essay, I answer this question for the Netherlands, by querying the rise of ethics review in the 1970s and 1980s through the lens of “institutional isomorphism”. Drawing on the classic work of Paul Dimaggio and Walter Powell, I argue that extra-national changes to funding and publishing requirements in this period were identifiably more important for the emergence of ethics review in the Netherlands than were ethical concerns for research misconduct – a process that was marked by definitive elements of internationally coercive, and perhaps also of mimetic isomorphism. In addition, I detail how, as a consequence of these developments, those involved in Dutch ethics review came to consider “variation and inconsistency” as one of the system’s biggest problems in the late 1980s. To remedy this, numerous normative isomorphic attempts were undertaken in the late twentieth century to make all Dutch research ethics committees act in the same way. This emphasis on institutional homogeneity has been borne out in the Netherlands, even though it has repeatedly been criticized for hampering democratic and ethical decision-making.
The Students–Professors Problem—The Reversal Error and Beyond
Authors: Jankvist Uffe Thomas , Niss Mogens 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper first introduces and reviews the existing research on the well-known “students–professors (S/P) problem”, which was first formulated in 1979. Next, it presents an empirical study of Danish upper secondary students’ answers to two mathematical modeling versions of the S/P-problem; a mathematization version (296 students), and a de-mathematization version (658 students). Besides reproducing several previously reported findings, e.g., the so-called reversal error, the study identifies new error types not previously reported in the literature. The mathematical modeling perspective adopted, along with a mixed-methods design, give rise to new potential explanations of the reversal error as well as explanations of the new error types. Our study shows that interpreting the linguistic formulation of the S/P-problem statement is not only related to language but is intrinsically of a mathematical – and cognitive – nature as well. Altogether, there is still more to be said about the S/P-problem forty years after its emergence.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.16610104.
A Stakeholder Analysis of the Development of a Large-Scale Professional Development Program
Authors: Helenius Ola 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The development of a large-scale professional development project for Swedish mathematics teachers is retrospectively examined. By referring to documentation produced by stakeholders in the development process, the stakeholder’s design recommendations and underlying assumptions on teacher development are described. Seeing the development as a co-determination process explains how research-based principles appearing early in the process gradually change to become something different in the end, without the reasons for this shift ever being explicitly discussed in stakeholders’ documentations. It is discussed whether the distributed way of constructing the program might cause difficulties in sticking to an explicit theory of change.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.16610113.
Classification of the Parts of Speech in Arabic
Authors: Olivieri Simona 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the Arabic linguistic tradition, the classification of the parts of speech (ism ‘noun’, fiʿl ‘verb’, ḥarf ‘particle’) is first introduced by Sībawayhi, who presents the three key elements in his Kitāb (I:1). The section at issue includes the presentation of the elements but does not provide much in terms of grammatical explanation. Nouns are in fact not introduced with their grammatical characteristics, but rather with examples: fa-l-ism: raǧul, wa-faras, wa-ḥāʾiṭ (“and the noun is ‘man’, and ‘horse’, and ‘wall’”) (Kitāb I:1). In addition to nouns, verbs and particles, Arabic grammar further recognized a number of other categories that are not considered as parts of speech but rather fall into the main three. This contribution aims to present relevant classifications of the parts of speech in the Greek and Arabic traditions, with the aim to account for possible external influences on the Arabic formulations, and foster further discussion on the development of the Arabic grammatical disciplines.
The Failure by Italy to Ratify Protocol no. 16 to the ECHR
Authors: Lamarque Elisabetta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When deciding to authorise the ratification of Protocol no. 15 to the echr, the Italian Parliament at the same time blocked adherence to Protocol no. 16. The author examines the reasons of refusal and explains why these reasons are completely unfounded, hoping that all doubts will be resolved and that the Protocol no. 16 will be ratified by Italy in a not too distant future.
Forms of Life and Subjectivity
Authors: Rueda Garrido Daniel 
Published: October 2021

'Forms of Life and Subjectivity: Rethinking Sartre’s Philosophy' explores the fundamental question of why we act as we do. Informed by an ontological and phenomenological approach, and building mainly, but not exclusively, on the thought of Sartre, Daniel Rueda Garrido considers the concept of a "form of life” as a term that bridges the gap between subjective identity and communities.
This first systematic ontology of "forms of life” seeks to understand why we act in certain ways, and why we cling to certain identities, such as nationalisms, social movements, cultural minorities, racism, or religion. The answer, as Rueda Garrido argues, depends on an understanding of ourselves as "forms of life” that remains sensitive to the relationship between ontology and power, between what we want to be and what we ought to be.
Structured in seven chapters, Rueda Garrido’s investigation yields illuminating and timely discussions of conversion, the constitution of subjectivity as an intersubjective self, the distinction between imitation and reproduction, the relationship between freedom and facticity, and the dialectical process by which two particular ways of being and acting enter into a situation of assimilation-resistance, as exemplified by capitalist and artistic forms of life.
This ambitious and original work will be of great interest to scholars and students of philosophy, social sciences, cultural studies, psychology and anthropology. Its wide-ranging reflection on the human being and society will also appeal to the general reader of philosophy.
Epigraphic Gleanings on Brāhmaṇism in Chamba, c. Eighth to Eighteenth Centuries CE
Authors: Verma Anjali 
Published: October 2021

Chamba region in western Himalayas has attracted the attention of researchers after decipherment of hundreds of inscriptions spanning the period between early eighth to eighteenth century. The present article is a fresh attempt to study the epigraphs to probe into the arrival of the brāhmaṇa community from different parts of the country at different time spans into Chamba. How this arrival in periodical waves affected the political and religious milieu of the region is the focus of the present study. An interaction of pre-existing indigenous elements of polity and religion with the new dominating Brāhmaṇical elements ultimately legitimized the position of the kings within the Brāhmaṇical order, in reciprocity for the land grants these brāhmaṇas received. In epigraphs, we notice the dominance of brāhmaṇa writers with specific indication of their gotra and sometimes Vedic affiliation that has been summarized in this research through tabular data for an easy understanding of their content and context. Our analysis throws light on new information with regard to migration, grants-in-perpetuity and the Brahmanization of the royal house of Chamba between the eighth and eighteenth centuries.
Phenotypic and Molecular Heterogeneity in Mandibulofacial Dysostoses: A Case Series From India
Authors: Shenoy Rathika D. , Shetty Vikram , Dheedene Annelies , Menten Björn , Pandyanda Nanjappa Dechamma , Chakraborty Gunimala , Sips Patrick , de Paepe Anne , Callewaert Bert , Chakraborty Anirban 
Published: October 2021

Objective Facial dysostosis is a group of rare craniofacial congenital disabilities requiring multidisciplinary long-term care. This report presents the phenotypic and genotypic information from South India. Design The study is a case series. Setting This was an international collaborative study involving a tertiary craniofacial clinic and medical genetics unit. Patients, Participants The participants were 9 families with 17 affected individuals of facial dysostosis. Intervention Exome analysis focused on known genes associated with acrofacial and mandibulofacial syndromes. Main Outcome Measure The outcome measure was to report phenotyptic and genetic heterogeneity in affected individuals. Results A Tessier cleft was seen in 7 (41%), lower eyelid coloboma in 12 (65%), ear anomalies in 10 (59%), uniolateral or bilateral aural atresia in 4 (24%), and deafness in 6 (35%). The facial gestalt of Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) showed extensive phenotypic variations. Pathogenic variants in TCOF1 (Treacher Collins syndrome) were seen in six families, POLR1A (acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type) and EFTUD2 (mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly) in one each. One family (11.1%) had no detectable variation. Five out of six probands with Treacher Collins syndrome had other affected family members (83.3%), including a non-penetrant mother, identified after sequencing. Conclusion Our report illustrates the molecular heterogeneity of mandibulofacial dysostosis in India.
A Systematic Review of Feeding Interventions for Infants with Cleft Palate
Authors: Penny Cameron , McGuire Connor , Bezuhly Michael 
Published: October 2021

Objective Various devices and techniques have been proposed to reduce feeding difficulties experienced by infants with cleft palate. The aim of this review is to identify and assess the scope and quality of evidence for these interventions. Methods A systematic review of published literature evaluating feeding interventions for infants with cleft palate (with or without cleft lip) from database inception to 2021 was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Quality appraisal of included studies was conducted using a methodological index for nonrandomized studies, Cochrane, or a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2 instruments, according to study type. Results Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, with the majority (71%) of studies consisting of second-level evidence. Included interventions were specialty bottles (21%), alternative feeding delivery systems (14%), obturators (14%), and educational programs (14%). Specialty bottles and palatal obturators did not appear to offer any substantial growth advantages compared to traditional bottles or no intervention, respectively. Designated education programs for the mothers of infants with clefts had a positive impact on infant growth. Conclusions Overall evidence evaluating feeding interventions for infants with cleft palate was moderate to low. While it does not appear that specialized feeding delivery systems or palatal obturators significantly improve growth in infants with clefts compared to children without cleft conditions, education programs do appear to be beneficial.
The Relationship Between Thrombo-Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cellular Indices of Inflammation in Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Jaradeh Mark , Baig Nausheen , Bontekoe Emily , Mitrovic Mirjana , Antic Darko , Hoppensteadt Debra , Kantarcioglu Bulent , Fareed Jawed 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers play an important role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. We aimed to characterize the interrelationship of thrombo-inflammatory biomarkers and blood cellular indices in lymphoma patients. Materials and Methods Ninety-eight lymphoma patient samples were collected from Lymphoma Center of Clinic of Hematology, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Normal controls (n = 50) represented plasma from healthy individuals. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), D-Dimer, factor XIII, C-reactive protein (CRP), microparticles (Mp), Von Willebrand factor (vWF), total protein S, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF α), β2-glycoprotein I ( β2GPI), and fibronectin levels were measured utilizing commercially-available ELISA methods. Thrombin generation profile (TGA) was measured using a fluorometric kinetic assay. Platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were measured in conjunction with the complete blood profile. Results Statistically significant differences were noted in levels of PAI-1, D-Dimer, factor XIII, CRP, microparticles, vWF, uPA, TNF α, β2GPI, fibronectin, and TGA when compared to normal (all P values < .001). Platelet to leukocyte ratio (PLA) correlated to TNF α and fibronectin ( R = −0.31 and −0.53, respectively) and the platelet to neutrophil ratio (PNR) correlated to factor XIII and β2GPI ( R = 0.40 and 0.40, respectively). Conclusion Plasma samples from lymphoma patients demonstrated a significantly altered thrombo-inflammatory biomarker profile that has notable correlations to blood cellular indices.
Key Informant Perspectives on Somali Adolescent Tobacco Use: Contextualizing Influences and Prevention Opportunities
Authors: Wilhelm April K. , Pratt Rebekah J. , Allen Michele L. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Somali American adolescent tobacco use has increased over the past decade amid a high prevalence of tobacco use among Somali American adults. While established adolescent tobacco use determinants may apply for Somali youth, a deeper understanding of these influences is imperative to the development of effective prevention strategies for this population. This study aimed to identify risk and protective factors influencing Somali American adolescent tobacco use decision making and potential family and community roles in tobacco prevention. Method We conducted 15 semistructured, in-depth interviews with 12 Somali and 3 non-Somali professionals serving Minnesotan metropolitan Somali communities in clinical, educational, religious, and other community organizations. Grounded Theory informed our data collection and analysis. Results Key informants cited three major influences on Somali adolescent tobacco use: evolving norms and increasing exposure to tobacco products in the United States, low risks perception, especially for waterpipes, and conflicting interpretations of faith. Informants highlighted the important roles of families in Somali youth tobacco prevention while acknowledging areas where families would benefit from greater support. Proposed sources of support included faith communities and nonparental, ethnically similar adult mentors. Informants acknowledged challenges to addressing youth tobacco prevention in clinics and underscored the importance of youth involvement in developing prevention strategies. Conclusions Our results indicate Somali adolescent tobacco prevention efforts should address the evolving tobacco use exposures and norms, low risk perceptions, and clarify faith messaging. Effective strategies may include strengthening family-based tobacco prevention approaches that also engage faith and other community leaders along with youth themselves.
Motivations and Psychological Characteristics of Nondirected Uterus Donors From The Dallas UtErus Transplant Study
Authors: Warren Ann M. , McMinn Kenleigh , Testa Giuliano , Wall Anji , Saracino Giovanna , Johannesson Liza 
Published: October 2021

Introduction Uterus transplantation has demonstrated success in clinical trials. Questions regarding how it should transition to a clinical procedure must be addressed. A critical element is an evidence regarding the psychological experiences of living uterus donors, especially donors who are nondirected (altruistic). Project aims To describe the motivations for donation, psychological characteristics, and mental health history of nondirected living uterus donors in the Dallas UtErus Transplant Study (NCT02656550). Design An observational design was used to evaluate 44 self-referred nondirected uterus donors for the uterus transplant program. The donors participated in a clinical interview with a licensed psychologist and completed assessment instruments for depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, health-related quality of life, and resilience at the time of evaluation. Results Among the 11 donors, the median age was 36 years, 10 were married, 10 were of non-Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, and all had given birth (median of 2 children). The most frequent motivations for the donation were to provide another woman with the opportunity to carry her own child and to contribute to science. No participants met clinical criteria for depression, anxiety or posttraumatic stress but 4 reported current mental health conditions and 7 reported past or present treatment. Quality of life and resilience scores were above population norms. Conclusion Women selected as nondirected uterus donors were motivated to help other women experience carrying their own child and to contribute to science. A minority of women reported mental health conditions and/or treatment, and this was determined not to exclude participation with uterus donation.