bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Crystal Growth in Space, Past and Future
Authors: DeLucas Lawrence J. , Crysel William , Bray Terry , Long Marianna M. , Moore Karen M. , Weise Lance 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering (CBSE) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham has performed protein crystal growth experiments on more than 37 U.S. space shuttle missions. Results from these experiments have clearly demonstrated that the microgravity environment is beneficial in that a number of proteins crystallized were larger and of higher quality than their earth-grown counterparts. Improvement in crystal quality is judged by analysis of ultimate diffraction resolution, individual peak mosaicity, and electron density maps. There are now a number of protein crystals that exhibited resolution improvements of 0.5Å to 1.5Å. Mosaicity studies revealed dramatic decreases in peak widths for the microgravity-grown crystals. These microgravity results plus data from a variety of other investigators have stimulated various space agencies to support fundamental studies in macromolecular crystal growth processes. The CBSE has devoted substantial effort toward the development of dynamically-controlled crystal growth systems which allow scientists to optimize crystallization parameters on Earth or in space. These systems enable monitoring and control of the approach to nucleation and post-nucleation growth phases, thereby dramatically improving the crystal size and x-ray diffraction characteristics.
The CBSE is currently designing a complete crystallographic laboratory for the International Space Station including: a crystal growth rack, which will support a variety of crystallization hardware systems; an x-ray diffraction rack for crystal characterization or a complete x-ray data set collection; and robotically-controlled crystal harvesting/cryopreservation systems that can be operated with minimal crew time via telerobotic and/or robotic procedures. Key elements of the x-ray system include unique x-ray focusing technology combined with a lightweight, low power source. The x-ray detection system is based on commercial CCD-based technology. This paper will describe the x-ray facility envisioned for the International Space Station.
Fossil Energy Technologies for Tomorrow: The Role of Effective Government Partnerships for Sustainable Progress
Authors: Baldwin Arthur L. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is the Department of Energy’s (DOE) only government-owned and -operated national laboratory. With homesites in Morgantown, West Virginia, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Tulsa, Oklahoma, NETL has been addressing global, national, regional, and local energy and environmental issues for the past 50 years. NETL’s core functions are to: shape, fund, and manage contracted research, development, demonstration, and deployment programs; conduct on-site science and technology research, and; conduct analyses to support policy development and best management and business practices.
In support of the President’s recently released National Energy Policy, NETL’s work is concentrated in five major program areas: (1) Energy and Environmental Policy Support — Providing the scientific bases for sound policy decisions on key energy and environmental issues that relate to the global use of fossil energy. (2) Electric Power Using Coal — Developing the sound, scientific bases for clean, efficient power generation using coal, from mining to light switch. (3) Strategic Center for Natural Gas — Integrating and coordinating all Federal natural gas research, development, analysis, and policy development, from exploration through utilization. (4) Fuels — Addressing the integrated supply and delivery of clean fossil (petroleum, natural gas, and coal) derived fuels for transportation and other end-use sectors. (5) Environmental Quality/Nuclear Security — Supporting development and deployment of environmental technologies that reduce the cost and risk of cleaning up DOE’s nuclear weapons complex.
Currently, NETL has over 1,100 research projects in all 50 states and more than 20 countries. NETL conducts this work through a broad range of partnerships with private industry, universities and colleges, not-for-profit laboratories, other DOE national laboratories, other government organizations at the federal, state, and local levels, and various international partners. Through these partnerships, NETL has fostered and will continue to foster the development and deployment of scientific and engineering technologies and know-how that offer sustainable solutions to domestic and international energy and environmental problems.
See Proceedings Appendix B.
Posterior parietal cortex plays a causal role in perceptual and categorical decisions
Authors: Zhou Yang , Freedman David J. 
Published: November 2021

Perceptual decision-making in primates
Past investigations of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in perceptual decisions tested only its contribution to motor aspects of decisions. However, Zhou and Freedman tested the primate PPC's role in both sensory and motor aspects of decisions. Inactivation of the lateral intraparietal area strongly impaired sensory processing aspects of decision-making, more so than motor aspects. Lateral intraparietal area neurons targeted for inactivation were highly correlated with the monkeys' trial-by-trial decisions about stimuli in the neurons' receptive fields. Thus, the posterior parietal cortex is indeed involved in decision-making but plays a more sensory role than predicted.

Science
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Risk factors for microcystic macular oedema in glaucoma
Authors: Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Salazar Diana , Morales Esteban , Tran Peter , Lee Janet , Hubschman Jean-Pierre , Nouri-Mahdavi Kouros , Caprioli Joseph 
Published: November 2021

Background/aimsTo identify clinical characteristics and factors associated with microcystic macular edema (MME) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsWe included 315 POAG eyes between 2010 and 2019 with good-quality macular volume scans that had reliable visual fields (VF) available within 6 months in this observational retrospective cohort study. Eyes with retinal pathologies except for epiretinal membrane (ERM) were excluded. The inner nuclear layer was qualitatively assessed for the presence of MME. Global mean deviation (MD) and Visual Field Index (VFI) decay rates, superior and inferior MD rates and pointwise total deviation rates of change were estimated with linear regression. Logistic regression was performed to identify baseline factors associated with the presence of MME and to determine whether MME is associated with progressive VF loss.Results25 out of 315 eyes (7.9%) demonstrated MME. The average (±SD) age and MD in eyes with and without MME was 57.2 (±8.7) versus 62.0 (±9.9) years (p=0.02) and −9.8 (±5.7) versus −4.9 (±5.3) dB (p<0.001), respectively. Worse global MD at baseline (p=0.001) and younger age (p=0.02) were associated with presence of MME. ERM was not associated with the presence of MME (p=0.84) in this cohort. MME was not associated with MD and VFI decay rates (p>0.49).ConclusionsMore severe glaucoma and younger age were associated with MME. MME was not associated with faster global VF decay in this cohort. MME may confound monitoring of glaucoma with full macular thickness.
Perceived barriers and enablers to the provision of diabetic retinopathy screening for young adults: a cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals working in the UK National Diabetic Eye Screening Programme
Authors: Prothero Louise , Lorencatto Fabianna , Cartwright Martin , Burr Jennifer M , Gardner Philip , Anderson John , Presseau Justin , Ivers Noah , Grimshaw Jeremy M , Lawrenson John G 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy screening (DRS) attendance in young adults is consistently below recommended levels. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of screening providers in the UK Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP) to identify perceived barriers and enablers to DRS attendance in young adults and elicit views on the effectiveness of strategies to improve screening uptake in this population.Research design and methodsMembers of the British Association of Retinal Screening (n=580) were invited to complete an anonymous online survey in July 2020 assessing agreement with 37 belief statements, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) of behavior change, describing potential barrier/enablers to delivering DRS for young adults and further survey items exploring effectiveness of strategies to improve uptake of DRS.ResultsIn total, 140 (24%) responses were received mostly from screener/graders (67.1%). There was a high level of agreement that the DESP had a role in improving attendance in young adults (96.4%) and that more could be done to improve attendance (90.0%). The most commonly reported barriers related to TDF domainsSocial influencesandEnvironmental context and resourcesincluding lack of integration of DRS with other processes of diabetes care, which limited the ability to discuss diabetes self-management. Other barriers included access to screening services and difficulties with scheduling appointments. Less than half (46.4%) of respondents reported having a dedicated strategy to improve screening uptake in young adults. Strategies perceived to be effective included: screening within the community; prompts/reminders and integrating eye screening with other diabetes services.ConclusionsScreening providers were concerned about screening uptake in young adults, although many programs lacked a dedicated strategy to improve attendance. Problems associated with a lack of integration between DRS with other diabetes care processes were identified as a major barrier to providing holistic care to young adults and supporting diabetes self-management.
Joint international consensus statement on crowdsourcing challenge contests in health and medicine: results of a modified Delphi process
Authors: Han Larry , Tang Weiming , Ritchwood Tiarney , Day Suzanne , Wei Shufang , Bao Huanyu , John Randall , Kpokiri Eneyi , Mathanga Don , Awor Phyllis , Juban Noel , Castro-Arroyave Diana , Ambil Vibhu , Xiong Yuan , Oppong Emmanuela , Tucker Joseph 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo develop a consensus statement to provide advice on designing, implementing and evaluating crowdsourcing challenge contests in public health and medical contexts.DesignModified Delphi using three rounds of survey questionnaires and one consensus workshop.SettingUganda for face-to-face consensus activities, global for online survey questionnaires.ParticipantsA multidisciplinary expert panel was convened at a consensus-development conference in Uganda and included 21 researchers with experience leading challenge contests, five public health sector workers, and nine Ugandan end users. An online survey was sent to 140 corresponding authors of previously published articles that had used crowdsourcing methods.ResultsA subgroup of expert panel members developed the initial statement and survey. We received responses from 120 (85.7%) survey participants, which were presented at an in-person workshop of all 21 panel members. Panelists discussed each of the sections, revised the statement, and participated in a second round of the survey questionnaire. Based on this second survey round, we held detailed discussions of each subsection with workshop participants and further revised the consensus statement. We then conducted the third round of the questionnaire among the 21 expert panelists and used the results to finalize the statement. This iterative process resulted in 23 final statement items, all with greater than 80% consensus. Statement items are organised into the seven stages of a challenge contest, including the following: considering the appropriateness, organising a community steering committee, promoting the contest, assessing contributions, recognising contributors, sharing ideas and evaluating the contest (COPARSE).ConclusionsThere is high agreement among crowdsourcing experts and stakeholders on the design and implementation of crowdsourcing challenge contests. The COPARSE consensus statement can be used to organise crowdsourcing challenge contests, improve the rigour and reproducibility of crowdsourcing research and enable large-scale collaboration.
Care needs of dying patients and their family caregivers in hospice and palliative care in mainland China: a meta-synthesis of qualitative and quantitative studies
Authors: Zhu Shuqin , Zhu Hanfei , Zhang Xintong , Liu Kouying , Chen Zumei , Yang Xiaowen , Sun Changxian , Xie Weiping , Xu Qin , Li Weiying , Pang Dong , Cui Yan , Wang Hong 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the care needs of dying patients and their family caregivers in hospice and palliative care in mainland China.MethodsA search for English and Chinese quantitative and qualitative studies was performed using the following English databases: PubMed (Medline), CINAHL and PsycINFO, as well as Chinese databases: SinoMed and CNKI. The records were independently screened by two reviewers and critiqued using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. All quantitative data were transformed into qualitative data, which were converted into textual descriptions. Due to the diversity of included studies, a three-step analysis was performed: narrative summary, thematic analysis and presentation of integrated results in a narrative form. The qualitative findings were pooled using the meta-aggregation approach.ResultsThe literature search identified 2964 papers after removing duplicates, from which 18 were included (9 quantitative and 9 qualitative studies). All studies were conducted in mainland China. Quantitative studies involved cross-sectional surveys, and qualitative studies involved interviews for data collection. Two synthesised results of patients’ needs were identified, including needs to be comfortable and experience a good death. Another two synthesised results of family caregivers’ needs included needs to care for and improve the quality of life of patients, and to care for themselves well.ConclusionThis study identified that patients and family caregivers have an increasing demand for professional care at the end of life. Professionals, especially nurses, should enact a patients’ demand-centred practice to overcome the challenges of organisation, education, emotion and communication to provide high-quality end-of-life care.
Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy individuals: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Mao , Yang Xuhong , Jiang Lianyan , Yang Dongdong 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionCOVID-19 has spread with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are being tested at various clinical trial stages for the control and prevention of COVID-19. We aim to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Methods and analysisWe will search electronic databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE for RCTs from inception to 31 December 2021. We will also search conference abstracts, reference lists, and grey literature of all available records. Two reviewers will independently screen and extract information from the literature. Bias and the quality of included studies will be evaluated with the risk-bias assessment tool provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. Statistical analysis will be performed using Cochrane’s Review Manager (RevMan), V.5.3.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval and patient informed consent are not required because we will be including published literature only. The findings of this research will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and likely through other scientific events such as conferences, seminars and symposia.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021266285.
Efficient capture of high-quality real-world data on treatments for glaucoma: the Fight Glaucoma Blindness! Registry
Authors: Lawlor Mitchell , Nguyen Vuong , Brooks Anne , Clement Colin , Craig Jamie E , Danesh-Meyer Helen , Goldberg Ivan , Graham Stuart L , Grigg John R , Howes Frank , Lim Ridia , Skalicky Simon E , White Andrew J , Gillies Mark 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the development and implementation of a web-based high-quality data collection tool to track the outcomes of glaucoma treatments in routine practice.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective observational registry study. An international steering committee undertook an iterative structured process to define a minimum, patient-centred data set designed to track outcomes of glaucoma treatment. The outcomes were coded into a web-based programme allowing easy access for rapid data entry. Clinicians receive personal reports enabling instant audit of their outcomes. Analyses of aggregated anonymised data on real-world outcomes are analysed and periodically reported with the goal of improving patient care.ResultsThe minimum data set developed by the international steering committee includes the following: a baseline visit captures 13 mandatory fields in order to accurately phenotype each patient’s subtype of glaucoma and to allow comparison between services, and a follow-up visit includes only four mandatory fields to allow completion within 30 s.Currently, there are 157 surgeons in 158 ophthalmology practices across Australia and New Zealand who are registered. These surgeons are tracking 5570 eyes of 3001 patients and have recorded 67 074 visits. The median number of eyes per surgeon is 22 eyes with a range of 1–575. The most common glaucoma procedure, excluding cataract surgery, is iStent inject, with 2316 cases.ConclusionThis software tool effectively facilitates data collection on safety and efficacy outcomes of treatments for different subgroups of glaucoma within a real-world setting. It provides a template to evaluate new treatments as they are introduced into practice.
Accessing needed sexual health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada: a survey of sexual health service clients
Authors: Gilbert Mark , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Ablona Aidan , Salway Travis , Ogilvie Gina Suzanne , Wong Jason , Haag Devon , Pedersen Heather Nicole , Bannar-Martin Sophie , Campeau Laurence , Ford Geoffrey , Worthington Catherine , Grace Daniel , Grennan Troy 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesWe assessed COVID-19 pandemic impacts on accessing needed sexual health services, and acceptability of alternative service delivery models, among sexual health service clients in British Columbia (BC), Canada.MethodsWe administered an online survey on 21 July–4 August 2020 to clients using a provincial STI clinic or internet-based testing service, GetCheckedOnline, in the year prior to March 2020. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with having unmet sexual health needs (ie, not accessing needed services) during March–July 2020 and the likelihood of using various alternative service models, if available.ResultsOf 1198 survey respondents, 706 (59%) reported needing any sexual health service since March 2020; of these 706, 365 (52%) did not access needed services and 458 (66%) had avoided or delayed accessing services. GetCheckedOnline users (univariate OR (uOR)=0.62; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.88) or clients with more urgent needs (eg, treatment for new STI, uOR 0.40 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.7)) had lower odds of unmet sexual health needs. The most common factors reported for avoiding or delaying access were public messaging against seeking non-urgent healthcare (234/662, 35%), concern about getting COVID-19 while at (214/662, 32%) or travelling to (147/662, 22%) a clinic or lab and closure of usual place of accessing services (178/662, 27%). All factors were positively associated with having unmet sexual health needs, with public messaging showing the strongest effect (adjusted OR=4.27 (95% CI 2.88 to 6.42)). Likelihood of using alternative sexual health service models was high overall, with the most appealing options being home self-collection kits (634/706, 90%), receiving test kits or antibiotics at home (592/700, 85%) and express testing (565/706, 80%).ConclusionsOf BC sexual health service clients needing services during March–July 2020, many had unmet needs. Offering alternative service delivery methods may help to improve access during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Neurological outcomes after traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest: a systematic review
Authors: Shi Daniel , McLaren Christie , Evans Chris 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundDespite appropriate care, most patients do not survive traumatic cardiac arrest, and many survivors suffer from permanent neurological disability. The prevalence of non-dismal neurological outcomes remains unclear.ObjectivesThe aim of the current review is to summarize and assess the quality of reporting of the neurological outcomes in traumatic cardiac arrest survivors.Data sourcesA systematic review of Embase, Medline, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ProQuest databases was performed from inception of the database to July 2020.Study eligibility criteriaObservational cohort studies that reported neurological outcomes of patients surviving traumatic cardiac arrest were included.Participants and interventionsPatients who were resuscitated following traumatic cardiac arrest.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsThe quality of the included studies was assessed using ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions) for observational studies.ResultsFrom 4295 retrieved studies, 40 were included (n=23 644 patients). The survival rate was 9.2% (n=2168 patients). Neurological status was primarily assessed at discharge. Overall, 45.8% of the survivors had good or moderate neurological recovery, 29.0% had severe neurological disability or suffered a vegetative state, and 25.2% had missing neurological outcomes. Seventeen studies qualitatively described neurological outcomes based on patient disposition and 23 studies used standardized outcome scales. 28 studies had a serious risk of bias and 12 had moderate risk of bias.LimitationsThe existing literature is characterized by inadequate outcome reporting and a high risk of bias, which limit our ability to prognosticate in this patient population.Conclusions or implications of key findingsGood and moderate neurological recoveries are frequently reported in patients who survive traumatic cardiac arrest. Prospective studies focused on quality of survivorship in traumatic arrest are urgently needed.Level of evidenceSystematic review, level IV.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198482.
First-principles study on the electronic and magnetic properties of ThMnAsN and ThMnPN
Authors: Gu Hongli , Yao Yu , Li Qingfang , Wan X. G. , Zhou Jian 
Published: November 2021

The ZrCuSiAs materials have many interesting physical properties and have been extensively studied in recent decades. Recently, two Mn-based ZrCuSiAs-type pnictides, i.e. ThMnAsN and ThMnPN, have been synthesized in the experiment, which shows the anti-ferromagnetic properties. Motived by the experiment, we here perform a comprehensive investigation on their elastic, electronic, and magnetic properties by the density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. Our calculations show that ThMnAsN and ThMnPN are both antiferromagnetic semiconductors. The magnetic ground state of both materials is the [Formula: see text]-type anti-ferromagnetism and their bandgaps are about 0.47 eV and 0.61 eV for ThMnAsN and ThMnPN, respectively. The Monte Carlo simulated Néel temperatures of ThMnAsN and ThMnPN are 57 K and 55 K, respectively. These results are well consistent with the experimental results. Our work not only reveals the physical essence of the two newly synthesized materials but also could help to the understanding of the magnetic behaviors of other ZrCuSiAs-type compounds.