bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact on Knowledge of Blackgram Growers in Periyar Vaigai Command Area of Madurai District
Authors: Ramakrishnan K. 
Published: December 2021

The World Bank Supported TN IAM (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization) Project is a follow up of IAMWARM presently it was called as (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water-Bodies Restoration and Management) Project which has made significant development and impacts in the Tamil Nadu state by modernizing irrigation infrastructure, improving water use efficiency, enhancing yield and productivity of agriculture in a climate resilient production systems, diversification towards high-value crops, strengthening the institutional reforms through Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) and Water Users Association (WUA). Madurai District of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for this study because Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project was conducted under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The foremost objective of the study is to assess the knowledge level of respondents in the study area. According to crop production technology aspects revealed that (79.00%) of the beneficiaries possessed knowledge in using VBN 6 variety for cultivation. The study concluded that majority (80.00%) of the beneficiaries were possessed knowledge on (cultural control) fixation of light traps, crop rotation (77.50%) and sowing carry out in proper season.
Teacher Awareness and Adoption of Bloom’s Taxonomy in Higher Education Institutions in Bhutan: A Case Study of Gedu College of Business Studies
Authors: Drakpa Dawa , Chaudhuri Kalpak , Zangmo Sonam , Yangchen Karma 
Published: December 2021

Aims: The purpose of this study is to identify the teacher’s awareness and adoption of bloom’s taxonomy in-class assessment (examination) by teachers of Gedu College of Business Studies (GCBS), Bhutan.
Study design: The descriptive and content analysis was applied.
Place and Duration of Study: Teaching faculty of GCBS and exam question paper for the year June 2020 was studied. The study was conducted between June 2019 and December 2020.
Methodology: The census survey was done with 63 teachers of which 48 responded (38 men, 10 women). The teachers’ awareness of Bloom’s taxonomy was assessed in terms of knowledge and information received on bloom’s taxonomy, and the exam question paper was analyzed to comprehend, how adequately teachers have adopted bloom’s taxonomy in the assessment of the student.
Results: Results revealed that all the GCBS teachers are aware of the concepts and the majority think that their understanding of the concepts is good and above (79.2%). Though teachers are aware and familiar with bloom’s taxonomy concepts, those concepts were not used accordingly in preparation for the exam paper. The overall marks distributed in six levels of Bloom's taxonomy show that exam paper questions are slightly skewed to the lower level of Bloom's taxonomy.
Conclusion: Without a careful mapping of questions according to Bloom's taxonomy, the examination will not yield the desirable objective of the module.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Hair Loss: Knowledge and Practice of Adult Female Population in Saudi Arabia, 2020
Authors: Albadawi Elsadig Yousif Mohamed , Abdulmajeed Imad , Rahman Saeed , Tohami Medani Khalid El 
Published: December 2021

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem related to public health causing multiple disorders, for example rickets, osteoporosis (weak bones) and osteomalacia. Lack of information, education and perception about the normal requirements of vitamin D is leading to emergence of many diseases in Saudi population. We aimed to assess Knowledge and practice of vitamin D deficiency and risk of hair loss among adult female population in Saudi Arabia.
Method: We performed a cross sectional study in adult females older than 16 years who are residing in Saudi Arabia using an electronic, self-administered, author designed, pre-tested, close-ended questionnaire. We excluded female healthcare workers. Knowledge and practice of vitamin D deficiency and risk of hair loss were measured among included females. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
Results: A total of 810 female were included. Most of participants were between 18-25 (41.6%) and 26-35 (39.5%) years old. 42.6% of total participant were single. 96% of them heard about vitamin D. The main source of information were Relatives & friends (55.8%) followed by health care professional (50.75%). 503 (62.1%) of the participating females correctly knew that there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hair loss, 188 (23.2%) thought that there is no relationship while 119 (14.7%) did not know or did not have any opinion. Regarding practice, about 216 (26.7%) participants exposed themselves to sunlight, and 40% were taking Vitamin D supplement. The overall knowledge score was 9.4 ± 2.80 out of 18. A significant difference in knowledge score was found according to age, nationality, residence and marital status.
Conclusions : The overall knowledge score was average among participants, and majority of them heard about vitamin D. About two third of the participants knew that there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and hair loss. There is a need to increase the taking of vitamin D supplement among female for prevention from diseases.
Spatial Behavior of Soil Erodibility in the La Villa River Basin, Panama
Authors: Martínez Lwonel Agudo , Núñez José Villarreal , Pérez Jhon Villalaz , Zachrisson Iván Ramos 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Soil erodibility is an important factor in understanding the erosion that takes place in a territory. This is a parameter that can behave erratically in small spaces, but that describes a trend in larger spaces.
Aim: Determine the K factor of soil erodibility in the La Villa-Panama river basin.
Place and Duration of Study: La Villa River Basin-Azuero Peninsula, Panama. 2010-2012.
Methodology: 98 points of the La Villa river watershed were sampled. Factor K was calculated using the adaptation to the sol-erodibility nomogram. The percentage of organic matter, structure class (in the field), permeability (combination permeameter) and the percentages of sand, silt and very fine sand (Bouyoucos method) were determined. To obtain the most complete information possible on the distribution of erodibility, a superficial interpolation of the point values ​​corresponding to the soil samples taken was carried out. The software used was Arcview 3.3 and the Spatial Analyst extension. The interpolation method was IDW (Inverse Distance Weight). The erodibility values ​​were categorized into seven intervals in such a way that it was possible to observe the differences on the map.
Results: The erodibility values ​​were influenced by the content of organic matter and coarse particles (percentage of sand and silt + very fine sand) of the soil. In the province of Herrera, 86% of the land surface and 76% in the province of Los Santos presents susceptibility to erosion in the ranges of 0.032 to 0.043 Ton ha h ha-1 Mj-1 mm-1.
Conclusion: The results indicate that 80% of the soils of the La Villa river basin present a moderately high erodibility factor, with the highest values ​​being registered in the upper middle zone.
Influence of Zeolite Application on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) in Rainfed Condition
Authors: Shivakumara M. N. , Murthy R. Krishna , Jagadeesha G. S. 
Published: December 2021

A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Gandhi Krishi vigyana Kendra, Bengaluru during kharif-2017 and 2018 to study the influence of zeolite application on growth and yield of finger millet crop. The pooled analysis showed significantly higher plant height recorded in the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +125 per cent RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer) which was at par with the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +100 per cent RDF in 30, 60, 90 and at Harvest stage. The number of tillers per hill (3.44), total dry matter production (41.67 g hill-1), number of fingers per ear head (5.95), straw yield (36.07 q ha-1) and grain yield (48.00 q ha-1) was recorded in the treatment received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +125 per cent RDF which was at par with the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +100 per cent RDF in pooled analysis.
Prevalence of Anemia, Iron Deficiency during the Second Trimester of Gestation in Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study of Walled and New Lahore City Population
Authors: Arshad Shafia , Arif Amina , Ahmed Nessar , Wattoo Javed Iqbal 
Published: December 2021

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is common worldwide, and it is also reported in Lahore, Pakistan, but it is not well documented in women residing in the Walled City of Lahore (WC). The study was designed to compare the pregnant female population of walled and new Lahore (NC) city for the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency.
Methods: All the females were within the second trimester of pregnancy with World Health Organization (WHO) criteria of age between 18-45 years. 446 venous blood samples were drawn, out of which 180 belong to WC and 266 to NC. After informed consent, demographic information, including age, gravidity, education, and socioeconomic status, was collected. A complete blood count test was performed to get results for hemoglobin, MCV, and MCH. Total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, and hepcidin levels were checked on ELISA 96-wells plates.
Results: The prevalence of anemia in WC samples is 58.3%, and in NC samples, it is 42.4%. A decrease in hepcidin is significantly (p < 0.05) associated with age and gravidity in both populations.
Conclusion: It is concluded that anemia control programs should focus on WC women with extra efforts as anemia and iron deficiency are more prevalent. Making intelligent and focused efforts about this public health worry, Pakistan may succeed in achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2025 about eradicating anemia.
A Novel Synchronic Estimstion of Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline by RP-HPLC in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Nadendla Rama Rao , Morla Siva Prasad , Patchala Abhinandana , Pinnamaneni Prachet 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To design simple, rapid, new analytical method for estimation of Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline by using RP-HPLC in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Study Design: Estimation of Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline by using RP-HPLC in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form was planned and executed.
Place and Duration of Study: Chalapathi Drug Testing Laboratory, Chalapathi Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lam, Guntur-522034, Andhra Pradesh, India during the period of November 2019 to February 2020.
Methodology: Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It is used either alone or with other antibiotics to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, endocarditis and bacterial vaginosis. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body. The study was carried out on SHIMADZU Prominance-i, LC-2030C system equipped with Shim-pack Gist (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μm) column and mobile phase was optimized by using mixture of methanol and 0.25mM potassium phosphate buffer in the ration of 60:40 v/v at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The wavelength was set as 282nm at ambient temperature by injecting 20µl of solution and the run time was fixed for 10 min.
Results: Linearity plot was constructed for concentration range of 5-15µg/ml for Metronidazole,5-15µg/ml for Ciprofloxacin and 1-8µg/ml for Doxycycline standard solutions. It shows best regression coefficient and y/s values. The accuracy of the proposed method was determined by performing recovery studies and was found between 98-102%. The repeatability testing for both sample and standard solutions the %RSD was found as <2.0% which is within the acceptable limits showing that the method is precise as well. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.33 and 0.99 µg/ml for Metronidazole, 0.33 and 0.99 µg/ml for Ciprofloxacin, 0.08 and 0.25 µg/ml for Doxycycline respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the pharmaceutical dosage form of Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline and it was as economic, eco-friendly with less retention time around 10.0 min.
Conclusion: The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, range, Accuracy, precision, Specificity, Robustness. Method was successfully applied to the estimation of Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin Doxycycline in combined marketed pharmaceutical dosage form.
The role of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis: A Review Article
Authors: Ahmed Rania Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

Acute appendicitis (AA) is a frequent abdominal infection that affects 7% of people at some time in their lives. As a result, any delay in diagnosis might lead to complications such as perforation and abscesses in the incision. Ultrasound (U/S) plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis, which improves patient outcomes. Recent technological advances have brought profound changes to diagnostic ultrasound imaging. Acute appendicitis is a frequent abdominal condition that affects many people at their lives acute appendicitis is a difficult diagnosis based on clinical and laboratory data.
Abnormal US findings during appendiceal scan indicate a greater chance of having recurrent appendicitis, US scan play an important role in the pre-surgical evaluation and planning of patients with appendicitis.
In this review, different US techniques and their applications in diagnosis of appendicitis and early and accurate diagnosis are discussed.
Role of Vitamin D in Reducing the Frequency of Asthma Attacks in Patients with Frequent Exacerbation of Asthma
Authors: Memon Mubeen Ahmed , Ansari Sheeba Faryal , Lakho Mumtaz Ali , Jaffery Mukhtiar Hussain , Shah Syed Zulfiquar Ali , Raza Samar 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is common among asthmatics with literature suggesting that its low levels in the body may trigger exacerbations and decrease the response to corticosteroid treatment. It has also shown to inhibit the production of cytokines, which in turn enhances the body’s response to corticosteroid treatment during an exacerbation. Therefore, maintenance of adequate levels of vitamin D in patients with asthma may reduce the risk of exacerbation and improve their general health. This study aims to explore the role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing asthma exacerbations.
Methods: This single blind parallel arm interventional study was conducted in the pulmonology ward in a tertiary care hospital from June 2018 to April 2020. Two hundred (n= 200) participants with a history of frequent acute exacerbation of asthma were enrolled in the study via consecutive convenient non-probability technique. Participants were divided into two groups; the placebo and the interventional group that received 200,000 IU of vitamin D capsule.
Results: Compared to day 0, mean episodes of exacerbation in the interventional group were significantly lower after 180 days (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 0.61 ± 0.3; p-value <0.0001). Similarly, number of asthma attacks in past 7 days was significantly lower in intervention group after 180 days (4.4
± 2.7 vs. 3.1 ± 1.5; p-value 0.0001)
Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is a safe and cost-friendly approach to reducing asthma exacerbations. It may also help to improve the condition in severe asthmatics with low vitamin D levels.
Maternal Morbidity in a Context of Social Vulnerability: The Case of the Province of Essaouira, Morocco
Authors: Manoussi Abdelmounaim , Baali Abdellatif , Amor Hakima , Ouzennou Nadia 
Published: December 2021

Aims: The main aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of maternal morbidity among childbearing women and to determine the associated factors in a context of social vulnerability.
Study Design: This is a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in 18 health centers in the province of Essaouira, Morocco from January 2020 to January 2021.
Methodology: We conducted a structured interview survey. Simple: We included 1184 married women aged 18 to 49.
Results: The prevalence of maternal morbidity was 64.8%. The main morbidities were sexually transmitted infections (50.1%) and anemia (45.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that frequency of postnatal visits, socioeconomic level, knowledge of pregnancy risks, and couple literacy, were statistically associated with maternal morbidity.
Conclusion: The use of postnatal care, the improvement of the socio-economic level of households, health education programs, and the fight against illiteracy are factors that would reduce maternal morbidity.
Determination of a Cone-Beam Computed Tomography based Assessment of Mental Foramen Position
Authors: Ahmed Bashir , Kumar Manoj , Bushra . , Punjabi Suneel Kumar , Kumar Raj , Shams Salman 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To assess the occurrence and location of the mental foramen in relation to gender and age by using cone-beam computed tomography.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive case series study was conducted at department of radiology at advance diagnostic care centre, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Hyderabad. One hundred and fifty patients of either gender, having age 18-40 years with retained permanent dentition and recommended for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiograph were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. Patients with history of bone disease, old trauma and not willing to participate were excluded. CBCT imaging of each patient will be performed and assessed for occurrence and location of the mental foramen.
Results: Out of 150 patients, male were 98 (65.3%) and female were 52 (34.7%) with mean age of 28.8 ± 6.9 (18-40) years. Position 4 was the most common right side horizontal position with 74(49.3%) patients followed by position 3 with 69(46.0%) patients, position 5 with 6(4.0%) patients and position 2 with 1(0.7%) patients. Similarly position 4 was the most common left side horizontal position with 75(50.0%) patients followed by position 3 with 70(46.7%) patients, and position 5 with 5(3.3%) patients. Position 1 was only choice either for right or left side vertical position in all patients i.e., 150 (100.0%).
Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that no significant difference was observed in occurrence and location of the mental foramen in relation to gender and age by using cone-beam computed tomography.
Organization of Dental Care for Adults with Cardiac Arrhythmia against the Background of Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Lomakina Maria Vitalievna 
Published: December 2021

The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among the adult population leads to the risk of disability and mortality of people of working age. At the same time, this group of patients also needs comprehensive dental management and consideration of pharmacotherapeutic features. The growing cost of dental services leads to a decrease in the availability of dental care, especially taking into account the age criteria of patients with heart rhythm disorders. According to opinion polls, less than 5% go to the dentist for preventive purposes. However, patients taking anticoagulant therapy are at high risk of developing complications during dental interventions, which means they require increased preventive control by the dental care organization system.
Purpose: to evaluate aspects of the organization of dental care for patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmia and taking anticoagulant therapy.
Methodology: a prospective study based on the data of the copy, based on the results of an objective examination conducted by dentists (n=105), as well as an anonymous questionnaire of patients with rhythm disorders (N= 100) about the subjective assessment of the oral cavity and their awareness of methods and tools of prevention.
Results: patients with cardiac arrhythmia taking anticoagulant therapy have an increased risk of bleeding as part of dental interventions. For the studied group of patients, an objective examination revealed a characteristic clinical picture of the oral cavity. The characteristics required for drawing up a personalized treatment plan for patients with cardiac arrhythmia were also identified. As part of the study, data on the degree of awareness of patients and their subjective assessment of the state of the oral cavity were obtained.
Conclusion: patients taking anticoagulant therapy require increased attention during an appointment with a dentist. It is important to identify all predictors of the development of complications, during the collection of anamnesis, to identify and level the low awareness of the patient about the methods and tools of prevention, as well as to conduct personalized oral care training.
New Insight of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T Gene Polymorphisms, and Serum Electrolytes in Cardiac Syndrome X Patients
Authors: Hamad Nasir Abdelrafie , Eltayeb Lienda Bashier 
Published: December 2021

Background: Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX) is a condition affecting the cardiovascular system with a significant degree of morbidity. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging when the cause is unclear. Subsequently, a molecular marker for screening of people with CSX is highly recommended. The present study evaluated the association between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism among Sudanese patients with CSX.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 subjects were enrolled. Venous blood sample was collected from each participant in Ethylene Diamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA) containers. DNA was extracted from blood samples using guanidine chloride method and MTHFR mutation was detected by PCR-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data.
Results: Most patients 30(60%) were females, their age ranged between 30-60 with mean age 44.98±7.34 SD. MTHFR 677CT genotype frequency was statistically significant (P≤0.014), where 10(20%) had 677CT and 1(2%) had 677TT among patients group respectively compared to control individuals who had only 2(4%) 677CT. T alleles were significantly more frequent among our participant than C alleles. There is insignificant slightly decreased (2.4 ±2.8, and 2.5±3.2) in serum magnesium levels among patients compared to control respectively, as well as random blood glucose. Elevated mean levels of total cholesterol, and HDL among patients (182 ±18.1, and 49.7±7.1) vs (180 ±20.3, and 46.6 ±11.3) among control group, all findings were statistically non-significant. Slightly decrease in magnesium level (2.2 ±2.1, vs 2.9 ±0.8) among heterozygous CT genotypes compared to homozygous genotypes.
Conclusion: MTHFR C677T is linked to CSX in the Sudanese population, and serum magnesium level was slightly decreased among heterozygous MTHFR C677T. Furthermore, the mutation could be used as a disease molecular screening technique.