bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase 1 Regulates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption Through NAD+/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yang , Guo Xun , Peng Zhifeng , Liu Chang , Ren Lili , Liang Jia , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption in the early stage after ischemic stroke are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (NMNAT1) in ischemia-induced BBB damage using an animal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke. Recombinant human NMNAT1 (rh-NMNAT1) was administered intranasally and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) siRNA was administered by intracerebroventricular injection. Our results indicated that rh-NMNAT1 reduced infarct volume, improved functional outcome and decreased BBB permeability in mice after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, rh-NMNAT1 prevented the loss of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin-5) and reduced cell apoptosis in ischemic microvessels. NMNAT1-mediated BBB permeability was correlated with the elevation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH and SIRT1 level in ischemic microvessels. In addition, rh-NMNAT1 treatment significantly decreased the levels of acetylated nuclear factor-κB, acetylated p53 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in ischemic microvessels. Moreover, the protective effects of rh-NMNAT1 were reversed by SIRT1 siRNA. In conclusion, these findings indicate that NMNAT1 protects BBB after ischemic stroke in mice which was in part via the NAD+/SIRT1 signaling pathway in brain microvascular endothelial cells. NMNAT1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for reducing BBB disruption after ischemic stroke.
Dynamics of Water Accounting Balance for Assessing Water Stress Vulnerability Considering Social Aspects
Authors: Ebrahimi Elham , Karamouz Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To advance proper planning, water accounting (WA) could provide the possibility of linking physical and operational data to their interdisciplinary attributes. In its new form, WA, combined with a dynamic model considering socio-economic aspects, is a valuable tool for rectifying today's water issues. The social water-accounting-based system dynamics (SWA-SD) provides a feedback-based platform to better support flexible decision-making. Analyzing the indicators that correspond to water security in the context of DPSIR (driving force-pressure-state-impact-response) and SWA-SD combined with principal component analysis (PCA) for identifying data patterns is applied to a generic study area suffering from water stress to assess the environmental, economic, and social vulnerabilities. The water accounting has to be based on water balance data (called water accounting balance). As a practical solution to generate water balance data, a time series by the use of basic climatic and hydrologic data is synthesized. According to the results, the water stress and urbanization index were increased by a factor of 43% and 64% in 2020 during a 20-year time horizon, respectively, which is alarming for the region. Moreover, the economic and social water resources vulnerability shows an upward trend, and the environmental component shows many highs (as much as 2.24) and lows (as low as 0.73) due to different supply measures responded to the increasing demands. This study provides a basis that can be replicated for other developing regions to quantify this type of important planning information and for implementing different socially sensitive triggers and technically feasible to measure water vulnerabilities.
Using the Archydro tool for watershed delineationCase of the Kherzet Youcef mine, North-eastern Algeria
Authors: Souhila Cheddad , Abdelhamid Haouchine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research article is attempted on the study of the morphological characteristics of the oued Loussif sub-watershed, located in the Wilaya of Sétif, Algeria. This study is part of a more general study on the hydrogeological study of the Kherzet Youcef deposit. In all fields interested in the study of spatial phenomena, a need for automation is emerging, especially for geographical structures of the ‘network’ type, given their systemic organization of space that is not explained in databases of geographical data. In order to meet this need for automation, the use of Geographic Information Systems has proven to be cost-effective. Morphological characteristics such as flow accumulation, flow direction and stream network were extracted on the basis of the digital elevation model (DEM), and the results were interpreted and analyzed. The geographic information system (GIS) based approach with the use of DME facilitates the understanding of the different morphological features represented in the thematic matrix data maps, and the correlation between flow accumulations, flow direction, stream order and stream network has been well explored. The study represents the morphological characteristics extracted from the DEM. The software used to perform the global analysis was ESRI ArcGIS version 10.8 with the ESRI Spatial Analyst and ArcHydro extension. Morphological features are effective in understanding the spatial distribution of the watercourse network and identifying potential groundwater locations.
Treatment of Degenerated Intervertebral Discs Using a Viable Disc Tissue Allograft for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Single-site Outcomes With Aggregate and Longer-Term Follow-Up Data
Authors: Davis Timothy , Sara Afrida , Nguyen Terry , Burkus John Kenneth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Disruption of the internal structure of the nucleus pulposus commonly occurs with the development of painful degenerative lumbar disc disease. Supplementing disc tissue through autologous or allogeneic human cellular and tissue therapies has been tested in small sample clinical trials. A few investigators have reported substantial improvements in pain and function. A viable disc tissue allograft was developed to supplement tissue loss associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. Methods: We assessed results in a subgroup of patients from a large trial comparing this allograft with other treatments. A multicenter randomized controlled trial of 218 subjects with chronic low back pain secondary to degenerative disc disease was conducted. Patients were treated with the allograft, saline, or nonsurgical management and studied for 12 months. We assessed longer-term results in a single-site subgroup from this prospective trial.Results: At 12 months, subjects from the single-site subgroup who had been randomly assigned to the active allograft group (n=17) showed improvements in both mean Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. There was an overall reduction of 28.69 points in the ODI and 33.06 points in the VAS. This was similar to the aggregate ODI and VAS scores of the active allograft group. At 24 months postprocedure, 9 of the 10 patients remaining in the active allograft group at the single study site had mean ODI and VAS score improvements of 28.23 and 36.13, respectively. A similar improvement in pain scores occurred in the 4 patients at 36 months with mean ODI and VAS score improvements from preoperative scores of 25.21 and 51.35, respectively.Conclusions: Clinically meaningful improvements demonstrated in this single-site analysis were comparable to the aggregate study population at 12 months. Longer-term results from this single site at 24 and 36 months suggested durability of viable disc tissue allograft supplementation for patients with discogenic back pain.Trial registration: The trial was retrospectively registered 17 October 2018 on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03709901) and was approved by the Sterling Institutional Review Board, Atlanta, Georgia (IRB no. 5792).
Osteoporotic Hip Fractures in the Elderly: Is There a Gender Difference?
Authors: Wan Sharifah Aishah , Tiong Ing Khieng , Chuah Seow Lin , Cheong Yaw Kiet , Singh Benjamin Sachdev Manjit , Lee Kar Hoo , Lee Wendy Wan Hui , Teh Cheng Lay , Tiong Jeh Kiong , Samsudin Affizal , Jobli Ahmad Tirmizi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOsteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture pose a major public health problem in our aging population and carry an increased morbidity and mortality. While overall diagnosis and treatment for osteoporosis have improved, osteoporosis in men remain underdiagnosed and undertreated.AimWe aim to describe the difference in clinical characteristics between elderly men and women with osteoporotic hip fractures in Sarawak General Hospital.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with osteoporotic hip fracture admitted from June 2019-March 2021 were recruited and demographic data and clinical features were obtained.ResultsThere were 140 patients with osteoporotic hip fracture, and 40 were men (28.6%). The mean age for males were 74.1 ± 9.5 years, while the mean age for females were 77.4 ± 9.1 years (p=0.06). There were 20 men with secondary osteoporosis (50%), while 13 women (13%) had secondary osteoporosis (p<0.001). The causes of secondary osteoporosis among the men were hypogonadism, COPD, GIOP, renal disease, ADT, thyroid disorder, prostate cancer, and previous gastrectomy. There were two deaths among the men and four deaths among the women during the inpatient and 3 months follow up period. There was no statistical significance between the mortality rates between male patients (5%) and female patients (4%) (p=0.55). ConclusionThere were more females with osteoporotic hip fractures, and there were significantly more males with secondary osteoporotic hip fractures.Trial registration: This study (Male osteoporotic hip fracture in Sarawak General Hospital) was registered with the Malaysian National Medical Research Register (NMRR). Trial registration number: NMRR-19-323-46068 IIR
Influence of East Asia Pacific Teleconnection and Scandinavian Teleconnection on Summer Precipitation in Southwest China
Authors: yang mingxin , Xiao Tiangui , Zhao Ping , Li Yong , Huang Wei , Li Yueqing , Tan Jie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on the summer precipitation data of 328 stations in Southwest China in 50 years and the reanalysis data of NCEP / NCAR monthly geopotential height field, and wind field, the relationship between summer precipitation in Southwest China and East Asia Pacific teleconnection pattern (EAP) and Scandinavian teleconnection pattern (SCA) is explored by using EOF, correlation analysis and synthetic analysis. The research results show that: the summer precipitation distribution in Southwest China is mainly divided into two types: the whole region consistent type and the north-south contrary type. EAP teleconnection patterns and SCA teleconnection patterns have a significant negative correlation with the precipitation in Southwest China during the same period. In the active year (teleconnection indices >= 0.3 or <= 0.3), the two teleconnection patterns mostly appear in the same phase, and the distribution of the precipitation is consistent with the second mode distribution of the EOF for summer precipitation in Southwest China, showing a north-south contrary distribution in Southwest China. The two types of teleconnections are divided into two configurations, both of which are positive phase (configuration I), and both are negative phase (configuration II). Configuration I, the summer precipitation in Southwest China presents the distribution of "more in the south and less in the north"; configuration II, the distribution of precipitation is opposite to that configuration I, showing the distribution of "more in the north and less in the south".
Molecular Characterization and Clinical Relevance of m6A Regulators in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Qiwei , Li Zhen , He Lizhao , Li Ke , Chen Jialiang , Hu Cheng , Wang Jun , Zhou Fangjian , Li Yonghong , Xiao Hengjun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is a leading malignancy in the male population globally. N6-methylation of adenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA modification and plays an essential role in various biological processes in vivo. However, the exact functions of m6A in metastatic prostate cancer are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the relative role of m6A regulators in metastatic prostate cancer.Methods: This study used RNA-seq and clinical data of metastatic prostate cancer to elucidate the association between N6 methylation and metastatic prostate cancer.Results: Based on 21 m6A regulators associated with prognosis, two molecular subtypes of metastatic prostate cancer were identified. Surprisingly, we observed that each subtype had unique prognostic characteristics. We then identified two subtypes of tumours based on 2330 m6A phenotype-associated genes, and one subtype was related to dismal prognosis. Finally, based on m6A-associated genes, we constructed a prognostic model to predict the outcomes of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. We found that this prognostic model was significantly correlated with biological functions such as DNA repair and mismatch repair, and patients with high m6A scores may be appropriate candidates for pharmacy therapy targeted for DNA repair, such as PARPi.Conclusion: This work illustrated the nonnegligible role of m6A modification in the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer. Evaluating the m6A risk scores of individual tumours will guide more effective judgement of prognosis as well as treatments for metastatic prostate cancer in clinical practice.
The Impact of Climate Change on Climate Variables and Meteorological Drought Using the climate change Toolkit (CCT) in the Karkheh River Basin, Iran
Authors: Mokhtari Fahimeh , Honarbakhsh Afshin , Soltani Saeed , Abdollahi Khodayar , Pajoohesh Mehdi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Drought appears as an environmentally integral part of climate change. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of climate change on climate variables, meteorological drought and pattern recognition for severe weather conditions in the Karkheh River Basin in the near future (2043-2071) and the distant future (2072-2100). The outputs of GFDL-ESM2, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC and NoerESM1-M models were downscaled under the RCP 2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios using the Climate Change Toolkit (CCT) at 17 meteorological stations. Then the SPEI index was calculated for the base and future periods and compared with each other. The results showed that the basin annual precipitation will likely increase in both future periods, especially in the near future. The annual maximum and minimum temperatures may also increase especially in the distant future. The rise in the maximum temperature will be possibly greater than the minimum temperature. Seasonal changes in maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation indicate that the greatest increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation may occur in summer. Hence meteorological drought was also found to increase in the distant future. The application of the CCT model in the region showed that at least once a wet period similar to the flood conditions of 2019 will be observed for the near future. There will also be at least one similar drought in 2014 for the distant future in the region. However, in previous climate studies, future events have not been calculated based on identifying the pattern of those events in the past.
Proportions of Concentrate and Corn Silage Rehydrated Ground Grain at Different Storage Times for Better Use of Starch by Lambs
Authors: Guimarães Gilmara Santos , Azevedo José Augusto Gomes , Cairo Fernando Correia , Silva Cristiane Simplício da , Souza Lígia Lins , Nunes Flavia dos Santos , de Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto , de Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal , Silva Robério Rodrigues 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and bioeconomic potential of corn silage, rehydrated ground grain corn silage (RCGS), at different storage times associated with proportions of concentrates for better starch utilization by sheep. Forty Dorper-Santa Inês crossbred sheep were used, with an average body weight of 24 kg ± 3.9 kg, and an average age of 60 days. The sheep were confined for 63 days and distributed entirely at random with eight sets of repetitions and five experimental diets: Diet 1: ground corn dry; Diet 2: proportion of 850 g / kg of concentrate + rehydrated ground grain corn silage (RCGS) stored for 45 days; Diet 3: proportion of 650 g / kg of concentrate + RCGS stored for 90 days; Diet 4: RCGS stored for 45 days + 650 g/kg concentrate; Diet 5: RCGS stocked with 90 + 850 g/kg concentrate. As roughage, silage corn whole plant. Starch intake was higher (P<0.05) with the dry ground corn diet, however, digestibility was lower (P<0.05) for most nutrients compared to the RCGS diet. A smaller amount of starch was found in the feces of animals that received the RCGS diet. RCGS stored for 45 days and the diet with 650 g/kg of concentrate generates greater net income, increases nutrient intake, it is an alternative during the fluctuation of corn prices.
Misdiagnosis of COVID-19 Infection Before Molecular Confirmation in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Mustafa Hemn Muhammed , Abdulateef Darya Saeed , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Currently, in the Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq, there are thousands of COVID-19 cases that have not been reported officially but diagnosed and confirmed by private laboratories and private hospitals, or clinicians based on typical clinical signs, as well as few people using home-self test after appearing of some flu-like clinical symptoms. Thus, this study aims to assess the misdiagnosis and mismanagement of cases before COVID-19 confirmation. Methods: This study is enrolled on 100 consecutive patients who visited an outpatient clinic of Shar Hospital that had symptoms highly suspicious of COVID-19 infection while misdiagnosed previously to have other types of disease. Detailed questionnaires were filled for all studied patients, including age, gender, main presenting symptoms, and duration of these symptoms with the following questions have been asked: who made the false diagnosis, depending on which diagnostic test the false diagnosis was made, which medication was used for the false diagnosis, who prescribed those medications, and how long those medications were used. They were investigated by RT-PCR on their nasopharyngeal swab for confirmation. Results: Most of the false diagnoses were typhoid (63%), influenza (14%), pneumonia (9%), gastroenteritis (5%), common cold (4%), brucellosis (4%), and meningitis (1%). Regarding the false diagnosis of cases, 92% were made by non-physician healthcare workers, and only 8% were made by physicians. All false diagnoses with typhoid, gastroenteritis, and common cold were made by non-physician healthcare workers, together with about half of the diagnosis of pneumonia and brucellosis, with statistically significant results (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We realized that some patients had been misdiagnosed before the COVID-19 infection confirmation. Their health conditions were improved drastically after correct diagnosis and treatment, and this research is considered the first research to be conducted in Iraq in this regard.
Recent Applications of Derivatization Techniques for Pharmaceutical and
Bioanalytical Analysis through High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Dogra Raghav , Mandal Uttam Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Derivatization of analytes is a quite convenient practice from an analytical perspective. Its vast prevalence is accounted by the availability of distinct reagents, primarily pragmatic for obtaining desired modifications in an analyte structure. Another reason for its handiness is typically to overcome limitations such as lack of sensitive methodology or instrumentation.The past decades have witnessed various new derivatization techniques including in-situ, enzymatic, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and photochemical derivatization which have gain popularity recently.

Methods:
The online literature available on the utilization of derivatization as prominent analytical tools in recent years with typical advancements is reviewed. The illustrations of the analytical condition together with the structures of different derivatizing reagents (DRs) are provided to acknowledge the vast capability of derivatization to resolve analytical problems.

Results:
The derivatization techniques have enabled analytical chemists throughout the globe to develop an enhanced sensitivity method with the simplest of the instrument like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC, compared to more sensitive Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometer, is readily available and can be readily utilized for routine analysis in fields of pharmaceuticals, bioanalysis, food safety, and environmental contamination. A troublesome aspect of these fields is the presence of a complex matrix with trace concentrations for analyses. Liquid chromatographic methods devoid of MS detectors do not have the desired sensitivity for this. A possible solution for overcoming this is to couple HPLC with derivatization to enable the possibility of detecting trace analytes with a less expensive instrument. Running cost, enhanced sensitivity, low time consumption, and overcoming the inherent problems of analyte are critical parameters for which HPLC is quite useful in high throughput analysis.

Conclusion:
The review critically highlights various kinds of derivatization applications in different fields of analytical chemistry. The information primarily focuses on pharmaceutical and bioanalytical applications in recent years. The various modes, types, and derivatizing reagents with brief mechanisms have been ascribed briefly Additionally, the importance of HPLC coupled to fluorescence and UV detection is presented as an overview through examples accompanied by their analytical conditions.
Tuberculosis Infection Under Anti-TNF Alpha Treatment
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Athimni Salma , Dhahri Rim , Gharsallah Imen , Metoui Leila , Louzir Bassem 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a life-changing treatment leading
to quality-of-life improvement. Nonetheless, this treatment is associated with a high risk of infection,
especially tuberculosis.

Objective:
Our study aimed to determine the frequency of active tuberculosis in our patients with
chronic rheumatic disease and treated with TNF-α.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study including patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and
Spondylarthritis diagnosed according to ACR/EULAR 2009 criteria and ASAS 2010, respectively,
and treated with biological agents for at least 6 months. We collected data regarding tuberculosis
screening and the occurrence of active tuberculosis during follow-up.

Results:
82 patients were included (37 men and 45 women). The mean age was 42 ± 3.4 years. At
inclusion, no patient had a medical history of tuberculosis. The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection
was established in 17 patients (20.7%). Prophylactic treatment was prescribed in all these
cases for three months. Two cases (2.4%) of active tuberculosis occurred under biologic (infliximab).
It was two severe forms of tuberculosis. The first case had miliary tuberculosis associated
with hepatic and peritoneal involvement. The second one had pleural tuberculosis. These two patients
received anti-tuberculosis therapy, and the biological treatment was interrupted. Given the
high disease activity, the anti-TNF-α was restarted after 3 and 4 months. There was no recurrence
of tuberculosis after 7 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:
The use of TNF-α blockers is associated with a risk of disseminated forms of tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis screening, which is recommended before the biological onset, is also necessary
under this treatment. Restarting the anti-TNF-α after appropriate treatment of tuberculosis seemed
to be safe.