bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Circulating Sertoli and Leydig Cell Hormone Levels During Puberty in Obese Boys: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rerat Solene , Amsellem-Jager Jessica , L’hour Marie Clemence , Bouhours-Nouet Natacha , Donzeau Aurelie , Rouleau Stephanie , Levaillant Lucie , Emeriau Fabienne , Moal Valerie , Boux de Casson Florence , Lahlou Najiba , Coutant Regis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContextAlterations in semen characteristics and circulating Sertoli and Leydig cell hormones have been described in obese male adults. Whether hormonal alterations occur before adulthood has not been fully evaluated.ObjectiveWe describe circulating Sertoli and Leydig cell hormone levels in overweight–obese (ow/ob) boys through childhood and adolescence in a cross-sectional study.MethodsMonocentric study in the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of Angers University Hospital. Three hundred and fifty-one obese and overweight boys aged 5-19 years underwent physical examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition, oral glucose tolerance test on insulin and glucose, and measurements of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, testosterone, and estradiol. Hormonal levels were compared with normative data obtained from 652 healthy nonoverweight nonobese boys of similar age or Tanner stage.ResultsMedian inhibin B and testosterone levels during puberty were significantly lower in ow/ob than in healthy boys (1) from age &gt;12 years and thereafter for inhibin B, and (2) from age &gt;14 years and thereafter for testosterone. At Tanner stages 4 and 5, 26%, 31%, and 18% of inhibin B, testosterone, and AMH values were below the 5th percentile in ow/ob subjects (P &lt; .01). In multiple regression analyses, estradiol and total bone mineral density Z-score were negative predictors of inhibin B, fat mass percentage was a negative predictor of testosterone, and insulin was a negative predictor of AMH.ConclusionLower Sertoli and Leydig cell hormone levels during puberty were observed in the ow/ob boys.
High Prevalence of Early Endocrine Disorders After Childhood Brain Tumors in a Large Cohort
Authors: González Briceño Laura Gabriela , Kariyawasam Dulanjalee , Samara-Boustani Dinane , Giani Elisa , Beltrand Jacques , Bolle Stéphanie , Fresneau Brice , Puget Stéphanie , Sainte-Rose Christian , Alapetite Claire , Pinto Graziella , Piketty Marie-Liesse , Brabant Séverine , Abbou Samuel , Aerts Isabelle , Beccaria Kevin , Bourgeois Marie , Roujeau Thomas , Blauwblomme Thomas , Di Rocco Federico , Thalassinos Caroline , Pauwels Christian , Rigaud Charlotte , James Syril , Busiah Kanetee , Simon Albane , Bourdeaut Franck , Lemelle Lauriane , Guerrini-Rousseau Léa , Orbach Daniel , Touraine Philippe , Doz François , Dufour Christelle , Grill Jacques , Polak Michel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractContextEndocrine complications are common in pediatric brain tumor patients.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the endocrine follow-up of patients with primary brain tumors.MethodsThis is a noninterventional observational study based on data collection from medical records of 221 patients followed at a Pediatric Endocrinology Department.ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 6.7 years (range, 0-15.9), median follow-up 6.7 years (0.3-26.6), 48.9% female. Main tumor types were medulloblastoma (37.6%), craniopharyngioma (29.0%), and glioma (20.4%). By anatomic location, 48% were suprasellar (SS) and 52% non-suprasellar (NSS). Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) prevalence was similar in both groups (SS: 83.0%, NSS: 76.5%; P = 0.338), appearing at median 1.8 years (−0.8 to 12.4) after diagnosis; postradiotherapy GHD appeared median 1.6 years after radiotherapy (0.2-10.7). Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in SS (76.4%), than NSS (33.9%) (P &lt; 0.001), as well as ACTH deficiency (SS: 69.8%, NSS: 6.1%; P &lt; 0.001). Early puberty was similar in SS (16%) and NSS (12.2%). Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was predominant in SS (63.1%) vs NSS (1.3%), P &lt; 0.001, and postchemotherapy gonadal toxicity in NSS (29.6%) vs SS (2.8%), P &lt; 0.001. Adult height was lower for NSS compared to target height (−1.0 SD, P &lt; 0.0001) and to SS patients (P &lt; 0.0001). Thyroid nodules were found in 13/45 patients (28.8%), including 4 cancers (4.8-11.5 years after radiotherapy). Last follow-up visit BMI was higher in both groups (P = 0.0001), and obesity incidence was higher for SS (46.2%) than NSS (17.4%).ConclusionWe found a high incidence of early-onset endocrine disorders. An endocrine consultation and nutritional evaluation should be mandatory for all patients with a brain tumor, especially when the tumor is suprasellar or after hypothalamus/pituitary irradiation.
Hypothalamic miR-1983 Targets Insulin Receptor β and the Insulin-mediated miR-1983 Increase Is Blocked by Metformin
Authors: Chalmers Jennifer A , Dalvi Prasad S , Loganathan Neruja , McIlwraith Emma K , Wellhauser Leigh , Nazarians-Armavil Anaies , Eversley Judith A , Mohan Haneesha , Stahel Priska , Dash Satya , Wheeler Michael B , Belsham Denise D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in the hypothalamus are capable of regulating energy balance and peripheral metabolism by inhibiting translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Hypothalamic insulin resistance is known to precede that in the periphery, thus a critical unanswered question is whether central insulin resistance creates a specific hypothalamic miRNA signature that can be identified and targeted. Here we show that miR-1983, a unique miRNA, is upregulated in vitro in 2 insulin-resistant immortalized hypothalamic neuronal neuropeptide Y-expressing models, and in vivo in hyperinsulinemic mice, with a concomitant decrease of insulin receptor β subunit protein, a target of miR-1983. Importantly, we demonstrate that miR-1983 is detectable in human blood serum and that its levels significantly correlate with blood insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Levels of miR-1983 are normalized with metformin exposure in mouse hypothalamic neuronal cell culture. Our findings provide evidence for miR-1983 as a unique biomarker of cellular insulin resistance, and a potential therapeutic target for prevention of human metabolic disease.
Pthlha and mechanical force control early patterning of growth zones in the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton
Authors: Hoyle Diego J. , Dranow Daniel B. , Schilling Thomas F. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Secreted signals in patterning systems often induce repressive signals that shape their distributions in space and time. In developing growth plates (GPs) of endochondral long bones, Parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) inhibits Indian hedgehog (Ihh) to form a negative-feedback loop that controls GP progression and bone size. Whether similar systems operate in other bones and how they arise during embryogenesis remain unclear. We show that Pthlha expression in the zebrafish craniofacial skeleton precedes chondrocyte differentiation and restricts where cells undergo hypertrophy, thereby initiating a future GP. Loss of Pthlha leads to an expansion of cells expressing a novel early marker of the hypertrophic zone (HZ), entpd5a, and later HZ markers, such as ihha, whereas local Pthlha misexpression induces ectopic entpd5a expression. Formation of this early pre-HZ correlates with onset of muscle contraction and requires mechanical force; paralysis leads to loss of entpd5a and ihha expression in the pre-HZ, mislocalized pthlha expression and no subsequent ossification. These results suggest that local Pthlh sources combined with force determine HZ locations, establishing the negative-feedback loop that later maintains GPs.
Intermediate progenitor cells provide a transition between hematopoietic progenitors and their differentiated descendants
Authors: Spratford Carrie M. , Goins Lauren M. , Chi Fangtao , Girard Juliet R. , Macias Savannah N. , Ho Vivien W. , Banerjee Utpal 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Genetic and genomic analysis in Drosophila suggests that hematopoietic progenitors likely transition into terminal fates via intermediate progenitors (IPs) with some characteristics of either, but perhaps maintaining IP-specific markers. In the past, IPs have not been directly visualized and investigated owing to lack of appropriate genetic tools. Here, we report a Split GAL4 construct, CHIZ-GAL4, that identifies IPs as cells physically juxtaposed between true progenitors and differentiating hemocytes. IPs are a distinct cell type with a unique cell-cycle profile and they remain multipotent for all blood cell fates. In addition, through their dynamic control of the Notch ligand Serrate, IPs specify the fate of direct neighbors. The Ras pathway controls the number of IP cells and promotes their transition into differentiating cells. This study suggests that it would be useful to characterize such intermediate populations of cells in mammalian hematopoietic systems.
The POLO (Partially Omitted Lobe) approach to safely treat in-breast recurrence after intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons
Authors: Leonardi Maria Cristina , Kouloura Andriana , Rojas Damaris Patricia , Zaffaroni Mattia , Intra Mattia , Veronesi Paolo , Morra Anna , Gerardi Marianna Alessandra , Fodor Cristiana Iuliana , Zerella Maria Alessia , Camarda Anna Maria , Cattani Federica , Luraschi Rosa , Viola Anna , Riva Giulia , Miglietta Eleonora , Orecchia Roberto , Dicuonzo Samantha , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to evaluate feasibility of salvage 4-week hypofractionated whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) in patients with in-breast recurrence after receiving intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons (IOERT) for primary breast cancer (BC).

Methods:
BC patients who had repeated quadrantectomy underwent modified WBRT with intensity-modulated radiotherapy using Helical Tomotherapy to underdose the IOERT region. This approach, called POLO (Partially Omitted Lobe), excluded the IOERT volume from receiving the full prescription dose.

Results:
Nine patients were treated with this approach, receiving 45 Gy in 20 fractions. A simultaneous integrated boost of 2.5 Gy in 20 fractions was delivered in 6/9 patients. Dose constraints and planning objectives were reported. No severe toxicity was reported while local control and overall survival were 100%.

Conclusion:
The POLO approach is technically feasible and capable to achieve a significant reduction of radiation dose delivered to the previous treated IOERT area.

Advances in knowledge:
The study demonstrates the technical and dosimetric feasibility of conservative salvage whole breast radiotherapy, while sparing the area already treated with IORT, in patients with in-breast recurrence.
The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis and treatment evaluation for ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Wang Weifang , Ni Xiaochen , Tang Tianci , Wang Jie , Li Yi , Song Xinmao 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of fluorine-18-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)/CT in the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

Methods:
70 patients with OAML who received radiotherapy were recruited in our study. All the patients had the 18F-FDG PET/CT examination before the treatment. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, pathological reports, laboratory results, and imaging features of all patients. The associations between 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters and Epstein-Barr virus antibodies, treatment response, MRI data, and Ki-67 expression were investigated.

Results:
The PET/CT scan indicated that 80% (56/70) of the patients showed orbital FDG avidity. The median level of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the lesions was 4.65 ± 3.00 (range:1.2–13.5). 92.0% (46/50) of the mass-forming lesions showed 18F-FDG avidity, while only 50.0% (10/20) of the non-massive lesions had 18F-FDG avidity (χ2 = 13.23, p=0.01). The SUVmax in orbit, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland lymphoma were 5.6, 2.9, and 3.7, respectively. A significant difference was identified of SUVmax among the three locations’ lymphoma using one-way ANOVA analysis (F = 5.039, p = 0.01). After completion of radiotherapy, the complete remission rate was achieved in 30.8% (4/13) of the patients without 18F-FDG avidity, and 70.4% (38/54) in cases with 18F-FDG avidity (χ2 = 5.43, p = 0.02). The correlation between high Ki-67 score and 18F-FDG avidity was confirmed (χ2 = 3.916, p = 0.048); however, no significant correlation was found between the SUVmax and Ki-67 score of the lesions (p = 0.971). Three patients (3/70, 4.3%) were upregulated the stage via PET/CT.

Conclusion:
18F-FDG PET/CT had some potential values in the diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in patients with OAML.

Advances in knowledge:
The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for patients with OAML.
Multiparametric MRI prostate PI-RAD scoring in a district general hospital: correlating PI-RADS 3 results with histological findings
Authors: Aslam Sarmad , Tsang Jeffrey , Bickle Ian , Saiepour Ali 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in the UK. In many hospitals, patients are now being referred for a multiparametric (mp) MRI scan of their prostate as part of an evaluation for the presence of prostate cancer, prior to an ultrasound-guided biopsy. Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score of 3 are defined as “equivocal” for the presence of prostate cancer. Thus, a PI-RADS 3 lesion does not confidently determine whether there is significant prostate disease or not.
Our aim is to determine the correlation of PI-RADS 3 prostatic lesions with histology proven, clinically significant cancer.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review on a cohort of 143 consecutive patients. Each patient underwent a mp-MRI scan of their prostate given a PI-RADS score. PI-RADS 3 lesions were analysed further based on histology and categorised into malignant and non-malignant lesions. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) results and prostatic volume of PI-RADS 3 lesions were also analysed.

Results:
We identified 45 patients with PI-RADS 3 lesions out of 143 patients. 32 patients subsequently underwent transrectal/transperineal ultrasound-guided biopsy. 43% of patients were found to have had a malignant prostatic adenocarcinoma on histology. The remaining 56% had non-malignant findings. Of those with malignant disease, there was a higher median PSA and lower mean prostatic volume.

Conclusion:
The study confirms that a score of PI-RADS 3 does not accurately differentiate between malignant and non-malignant lesions. Further investigations such as ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and PSA parameters are required to accurately ascertain the nature of a prostate lesion with PI-RADS score 3.

Advances in knowledge:
An ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in patients with PI-RADS 3 remains of paramount importance when distinguishing malignant vs non-malignant lesions. Multicentre data of MRI findings with PI-RADS 3 scores is required to yield a sample size large enough to carry out statistical analysis.
Clinical utility of postprocessed low-dose radiographs in skeletal imaging
Authors: Kolck Johannes , Ziegeler Katharina , Walter-Rittel Thula , Hermann Kay Geert A. , Hamm Bernd , Beck Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
Radiography remains the mainstay of diagnostic and follow-up imaging. In view of the risks and the increasing use of ionizing radiation, dose reduction is a key issue for research and development. The introduction of digital radiography and the associated access to image postprocessing have opened up new opportunities to minimize the radiation dosage. These advances are contingent upon quality controls to ensure adequate image detail and maintenance of diagnostic confidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical applicability of postprocessed low-dose images in skeletal radiography.

Methods:
In our study setting, the median radiation dose for full dose X-rays was 9.61 dGy*cm2 for pelvis, 1.20 dGy*cm2 for shoulder and 18.64 dGy*cm2 for lumbar spine exams. Based on these values, we obtained 200 radiographs for each anatomic region in four consecutive steps, gradually reducing the dose to 84%, 71%, 60% and 50% of the baseline using an automatic exposure control (AEC). 549 patients were enrolled for a total of 600 images. All X-rays were postprocessed with a spatial noise reduction algorithm. Two radiologists assessed the diagnostic value of the radiographs by rating the visualization of anatomical landmarks and image elements on a five-point Likert scale. A mean-sum score was calculated by averaging the two reader’s total scores. Given the non-parametric distribution, we used the Mann-Whitney U test to evaluate the scores.

Results:
Median dosage at full dose accounted for 38.4%, 48 and 53.2% of the German reference dose area product for shoulder, pelvis and lumbar spine, respectively. The applied radiation was incrementally reduced to 21.5%, 18.4% and 18.7% of the respective reference value for shoulder, pelvis and lumbar spine. Throughout the study, we observed an estimable tendency of superior quality at higher dosage in overall image quality. Statistically significant differences in image quality were restricted to the 50% dose groups in shoulder and lumbar spine images. Regardless of the applied dosage, 598 out of 600 images were of sufficient diagnostic value.

Conclusion:
In digital radiography image postprocessing allows for extensive reduction of radiation dosage. Despite a trend of superior image detail at higher dose levels, overall quality and, more importantly, diagnostic utility of low-dose images was not significantly affected. Therefore, our results not only confirm the clinical utility of postprocessed low-dose radiographs, but also suggest a widespread deployment of this advanced technology to ensure further dose limitations in clinical practice.

Advances in knowledge:
The diagnostic image quality of postprocessed skeletal radiographs is not significantly impaired even after extensive dose reduction by up to 20% of the reference value.
Psychophysiological Adaptation of a Patient with Acute Radiated Sickness of Average Degree and Acute Leukemia
Authors: Metlyaeva Nelya , Bushmanov A. , Galstyan I. , Davtyan A. , Sukhova M. , Skorobogatykh E. , Shcherbatykh O. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Clinical and psychophysiological assessment of the adaptation of a patient who suffered from acute radiation sickness of moderate severity after the Chernobyl accident and acute leukemia, which began 30 years after the transferred ARS.
Material and methods: A clinical and psychophysiological examination of a patient who suffered from acute radiation sickness of moderate severity after the Chernobyl accident and acute leukemia that occurred 30 years after the Chernobyl accident was carried out. The object of the study was the patient D.R.I., born in 1950, deputy. Head of the Chernobyl NPP workshop, participant in the liquidation of the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl accident. On April 26, 1986, during an emergency, he underwent relatively uniform beta-gamma radiation with the development of ARS II (moderate) severity. Within 3.5 hours after the accident was in the premises of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In the structure of ARS, bone marrow syndrome of the second degree and oropharyngeal syndrome of the first degree of severity were observed. The radiation dose, according to a cytogenetic study, was 3.4 Gy. A psychophysiological study was carried out using the MMPI methodology, the Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Test, the Expert automated software and methodological complex, designed to study the personality characteristics of a person, the cognitive and intellectual characteristics of a person, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices, simple and complex sensorimotor reactions and reactions to a moving object, 15 (2001) and 30 years (2016) after the Chernobyl radiation accident.
Results: The clinical and psychophysiological assessment of the personality and the actual mental state made it possible to determine the demonstrative-hypochondriacal type of disturbance in the psychophysiological adaptation with the tendency for the anxiety-depressive behavior of the patient to progress to a state of increasing depression, more pronounced in dynamics.
Conclusion: The psychophysiological assessment of the personality and current mental state of the patient who had ARS, moderate and, 30 years after the Chernobyl accident, acute leukemia showed a demonstrative-hypochondria type of adaptation disorder, as a variant of a disharmonious combination of hypochondria, anxiety-depressive and demonstrative tendencies with a predominance of demonstrativeness (the first, second and third scale of the MMPI methodology) with a significant decrease on the ninth scale in the form of an increase in depression in dynamics. The prevalence of demonstrativeness over growing depression in a person with high intellect, good figurative and logical thinking, and a lack of sensorimotor inhibition is a manifestation of optimism and resistance to a serious illness.
Analysis of Relation Between Lifetime Rates and Incorporation of Plutonium-239 in Atomic Production Workers Regarding Tumor and Non-Tumor Causes of Death
Authors: Tel'nov V. , Legkikh I. , Okatenko P. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The objective of the study was in quantitative assessment of the effect of internal exposure to lifetime in Mayak PA workers based on analyzing dependence of certain lifetime rates on incorporation of plutonium-239 regarding tumor and non-tumor causes of death.
Material and methods: The cohort of deceased Mayak PA workers employed in1948–1958 with known Pu-239 body burden comprising 2343 individuals, of them 1739 males and 604 females, was investigated. Using regression analysis we have assessed dependence of general lifetime and lifetime after start of work as well as of proportion of individuals who did not survive until standard age in general and after start of work from incorporated Pu-239 separately for workers of different age regarding tumor and non-tumor causes of death. Statistical values were defined using Statistica software.
Results: It was stated that in case of increase of plutonium-239 body burden in males and females reliably increased shortening of lifetime and lifetime after start of work was observed as well as increased proportion of individuals who did not survive until standard lifetime rate and until standard lifetime after start of work. Reliable regression equations for dependence of the studied lifetime values from radionuclide incorporation rate were obtained based on regression analysis. Generally, changes in the studied characteristics of lifetime after start of work were more evident than in general lifetime characteristics.
Conclusion: Reliable dependence of shortening of lifetime and lifetime after start of work, of increased proportion of individuals who did not survive until standard lifetime and lifetime after start of work among Mayak PA workers of different gender from incorporation of plutonium-239 regarding tumor and non-tumor causes of death was stated. Dependence of lifetime after start of work on incorporated plutonium-239 was higher than of general lifetime that could be probably due to direct contact of workers with radionuclide after start of work. The results obtained indicate feasibility of using not only general lifetime but also lifetime after start of work in assessment of lifetime among workers who are in contact with production hazardous factors.