bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty Is Not Associated with Increased Infection Rates
Authors: O’Connor Casey M. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Acosta Ernesto , Davidovitch Roy I. , Tetreault Matthew W. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The direct anterior approach (DAA) for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has recently increased in popularity. Recent evidence has raised concerns about whether use of the DAA is associated with increased rates of superficial and deep infection. The aim of this study was to systematically assess the literature and comparatively evaluate the rate of superficial and deep infection following primary THA using the DAA and non-direct anterior (non-DAA) approaches.

Methods:
This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Primary outcome measures evaluated were rates of superficial and deep infection in patients undergoing DAA and non-DAA primary THA.

Results:
A total of 1,872 studies were identified in the original search, of which 15 studies satisfied inclusion criteria. Our analysis evaluated 120,910 primary THAs, including 14,908 DAA and 106,002 non-DAA. The rate of superficial infection was 1.08% for DAA compared with 1.24% for non-DAA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79 to 1.30, p = 0.921). The rate of deep infection was 0.73% for DAA compared with 0.51% for non-DAA (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.32, p = 0.831).

Conclusions:
This study found no difference in the rate of superficial or deep infection after primary THA using the DAA versus other surgical approaches. Our results suggest that comparative infection risk need not be a primary driver in the choice of surgical approach.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Artificial Neural Network Models and Predicts Reservoir Parameters
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 19854, “Modeling and Prediction of Resistivity, Capillary Pressure, and Relative Permeability Using Artificial Neural Network,” by Mustafa Ba alawi, SPE, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Salem Gharbi, SPE, Saudi Aramco; and Mohamed Mahmoud, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, prepared for the 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 13–15 January. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
Capillary pressure and relative permeability are essential measurements that affect multiphase fluid flow in porous media directly. The processes of measuring these parameters, however, are both time-consuming and expensive. Artificial-intelligence methods have achieved promising results in modeling extremely complicated phenomena in the industry. In the complete paper, the authors generate a model by using an artificial-neural-network (ANN) technique to predict both capillary pressure and relative permeability from resistivity.
Capillary Pressure and Resistivity
Capillary pressure and resistivity are two of the most significant parameters governing fluid flow in oil and gas reservoirs. Capillary pressure, the pressure difference over the interface of two different immiscible fluids, traditionally is measured in the laboratory. The difficulty of its calculation is related to the challenges of maintaining reservoir conditions and the complexity of dealing with low-permeability and strong heterogeneous samples. Moreover, unless the core materials are both available and representative, a restricted number of core plugs will lead to inadequate reservoir description. On the other hand, resistivity can be obtained by either lab-oratory analysis or through typical and routine well-logging tools in real time. Both parameters have similar attributes, given their dependence on wetting-phase saturation. Despite many studies in the literature that are reviewed in the complete paper, improvement of capillary pressure and resistivity modeling remains an open research area.
Artificial Intelligence in Petroleum Engineering
In addition to labor and expense concerns, conventional methods to measure resistivity, capillary pressure, and relative permeability depend primarily, with the exception of resistivity from well logs, on the availability of core samples of the desired reservoir. The literature provides several attempts to model these parameters in order to avoid many of the requirements of measurement. However, the performance of many of these models is restricted by assumptions and constraints that require further processing. For example, the accuracy of prediction of capillary pressure from resistivity is highly dependent on the tested core permeability, which requires measuring it as well to achieve the full potentiality of the model.
Effects of social network incentives and financial incentives on physical activity and social capital among older women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yamashita Ryo , Sato Shinji , Akase Ryoichi , Doi Tatsuo , Tsuzuku Shigeki , Yokoi Toyohiko , Otsuki Shingo , Harada Eisaku 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Financial incentives have been used to increase physical activity. However, the benefit of financial incentives is lost when an intervention ends. Thus, for this study, we combined social network incentives that leverage the power of peer pressure with financial incentives. Few reports have examined the impact of physical activity on social capital. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to ascertain whether a combination of two incentives could lead to more significant changes in physical activity and social capital during and after an intervention.Methods: The participants were 39 older women over 65 years of age in Kumamoto, Japan. The participants were randomly divided into a financial incentive group (FI group) and a social network incentive plus financial incentive group (SNI+FI group). Both groups underwent a three-month intervention. Measurements of physical activity and social capital were performed before and after the intervention. Additionally, the effects of the incentives on physical activity and social capital maintenance were measured six months postintervention. The financial incentive group received a payment ranging from US$4.40 to US$6.20 per month, depending on the number of steps taken during the intervention. For the other group, we provided a social network incentive in addition to the financial incentive. The SNI+FI group walked in groups of three people to use the power of peer pressure.Results: A two-way ANOVA revealed that in terms of physical activity, there was a statistically significant interaction between group and time (p=0.017). The FI group showed no statistically significant improvement in physical activity during the observation period. The FI group showed no statistically significant improvement in physical activity during the observation period. In terms of social capital, the change in trust approached significance (p=0.08).Conclusion: Our results suggest that social network incentives, in combination with financial incentives, are more effective for promoting physical activity than financial incentives alone among older women and that these effects can continue after an intervention. In the meantime, further studies should be conducted on the effect of physical activity on social capital.
Costing Electronic Private Sector Malaria Surveillance in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Levin Ann , Potter Rebecca , Tesfazghi Kemi , Phanalangsy Saysana , Keo Phally , Filip Elijah , Phone Si Hein , Eliades M. James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Private sector malaria programs contribute to government-led malaria elimination strategies in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar by increasing access to quality malaria services and surveillance data. However, reporting from private sector providers remains suboptimal in many settings. To support surveillance strengthening for elimination, a key program strategy is to introduce electronic surveillance tools and systems to integrate private sector data with national systems, and enhance the use of data for decision-making. During 2013-2017, an electronic surveillance system based on open source software, District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2), was implemented as part of a private sector malaria case management and surveillance program. The electronic surveillance system covered 16,000 private providers in Myanmar (electronic reporting conducted by 200 field officers with tablets), 710 in Cambodia (585 providers reporting through mobile app), and 432 in Laos (250 providers reporting through mobile app).Methods: We conducted a study to document the costs of introducing electronic surveillance systems and mobile reporting solutions in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Myanmar, comparing the cost in different operational settings, the cost of introduction and maintenance over time, and assessing the affordability and financial sustainability of electronic surveillance. The data collection methods included extracting data from PSI’s financial and operational records, collecting data on prices and quantities of resources used, and interviewing key informants in each setting. The costing study used an ingredients-based approach and estimated both financial and economic costs.Results: Annual economic costs of electronic surveillance systems were $152,805 in Laos, $263,224 in Cambodia, and $1,310,912 in Myanmar. The annual economic cost per private provider surveilled was $82 in Myanmar, $371 in Cambodia, and $611 in Laos. Cost drivers varied depending on operational settings and number of private sector outlets covered in each country; whether purchased or personal mobile devices were used; and whether electronic (mobile) reporting was introduced at provider level or among field officers who support multiple providers for case reporting. Conclusion: The study found that electronic surveillance comprises about 0.5-1.5% of National Malaria Strategic Plan cost and 7%-% of surveillance budgets and deemed to be affordable and financially sustainable.
Improved access in minimally invasive temporomandibular joint surgery through a novel endaural template.
Authors: Krause Matthias , Kamal Mohammad , Kruber Daniel , Halama Dirk , Hierl Thomas , Lethaus Bernd , Bartella Alexander K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDigitally designed surgical templates for minimally invasive temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery (MITMJS) are a promising tool for improving the safety of these procedures. Given the TMJ anatomy, the template fitting and intraoperative overview are the most important issues for a safe surgery. This article is a technical advance article that aims to describe an endaural surgical template based on the Moses approach as a possible solution in TMJ surgery.Methods:Three patients with internal derangement were treated with the guidance of a MITMJS template based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a surface imprint of the periauricular region. None of the patients needed an additional open surgical procedure. Fitting of the templates was judged in terms of position and rotational stability. Surgical side effects and complications were recorded for each patient.Results:The template design and clinical use were satisfactory for MITMJS. The templates showed satisfying fit and good visibility. In the study cohort, no bleeding, facial nerve injury, or other complications occurred after the procedure, and no visible scars were noted postoperatively.Conclusion:Our feasibility report on template-guided MITMJS shows a promising new application of templates. It points to improved access in arthroscopy or arthrocentesis of TMJ surgery through endaural access with an increased level of safety during surgery.
Short-chain fatty acids can improve lipid and glucose metabolism independently of the pig gut microbiota
Authors: Zhou Hua , Yu Bing , Sun Jing , Liu Zuohua , Chen Hong , Ge Liangpeng , Chen Daiwen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that exogenous short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) introduction attenuated the body fat deposition in conventional mice and pigs. However, limited studies have evaluated the effects of exogenously introduced SCFAs on the lipid and glucose metabolism independently of the gut microbiota. This study was to investigate the effects of exogenous introduction of SCFAs on the lipid and glucose metabolism in a germ-free (GF) pig model. Methods: Twelve hysterectomy-derived newborn pigs were reared in six sterile isolators. All pigs were hand-fed with sterile milk powder for 21 d, then the sterile feed was introduced to pigs for another 21 d. In the second 21-d period, six pigs were orally administrated with 25 mL/kg sterile saline per day and considered as the GF group, while the other six pigs were orally administrated with 25 mL/kg SCFAs mixture (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, 45, 15, and 11 mmol/L, respectively) per day and regarded as FA group.Results: Orally administrated with SCFAs tended to increase the adiponectin concentration in serum, enhance the CPT-1 activity in longissimus dorsi, and upregulate the ANGPTL4 mRNA expression level in colon (P < 0.10). Meanwhile, the mRNA abundances of ACC, FAS, and SREBP-1C in liver and CD36 in longissimus dorsi of the FA group were decreased (P < 0.05) compared with those in the GF group. Besides, the mRNA expression of PGC-1α in liver and LPL in longissimus dorsi tended to (P < 0.10) upregulate and downregulate respectively in the FA group. Moreover, oral administration of SCFAs tended to increase the protein level of GPR43 (P < 0.10) and decrease the protein level of ACC (P < 0.10) in liver. Also, oral administration of SCFAs upregulated the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio and the mRNA expressions of GLUT-2 and GYS2 in liver (P < 0.05). In addition, the metabolic pathway associated with the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was most significantly promoted (P < 0.05) by oral administration of SCFAs.Conclusions: Exogenous introduction of SCFAs might attenuate the fat deposition and to some extent improve the glucose control in the pig model, which occurred independently of the gut microbiota.
Modulation of gastrointestinal bacterial in chronic atrophic gastritis model rats by Chinese and west medicine intervention
Authors: Huang Minghan , Li Sihan , He Youcheng , Lin Cuili , Sun Yueming , Li Mingzhu , Zheng Rong , Xu Ruoying , Lin Ping , Ke Xiao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is well-known related with multiple pathogenic factors and normally therapies comprised by western or Chinese medicines. The present study was designed to identify the bacterial community characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and determine the modulate affection of bacterial composition response western and Chinese medicine Qinghuayin (QHY) as well as antibiotic on model rats. The result shown the overall structure alteration of bacterial appeared under medicine intervened, antibiotic caused a marked depletion in bacterial diversity and richness. The enrichments of Firmicutes (85.1-90.7%) in antibiotic-free converts into Bacteroidetes (30.7-34.6%) in antibiotic-added model rat were demonstrated. Firmicutes as the most dominant phylum in antibiotic-free treatments and significantly decreased till 21.9%-68.5% in antibiotic-added treatments. Especially QHY-treated rats showed highest RA of Firmicutes (90.7%) and the amelioration of CAG using QHY attributed by beneficial bacterial enrichment, especially Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In addition, alpha and beta diversity analysis also demonstrated the clear dispersion and aggregation that revealed the alteration and steady of bacterial community structures. In summary, QHY has potential application value in the treatment of CAG, which attributed to close relation with the modulatory of internal bacterial communities.
Finite element analysis of different locking-plate fixation methods for the treatment of ulnar head fracture
Authors: Zhang Yue , Shao Qin , Yang Chensong , Ai Changqing , Zhou Di , Yu Yang , Sun Guixin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Ulnar head fractures are increasingly higher with the growing proportion of the elderly people. Failure to achieve a stable anatomic reduction of ulna head fracture may lead to a distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dysfunction and nonunion of the distal radius. Due to the lack of the postoperative reporting outcomes and the biomechanical studies, it has not been well established about the optimal management of the comminuted distal ulna head fracture. Hence, the purpose of this study is to use finite element analysis to explain the advantages and disadvantages of ulnar-side locking plate fixation compared with dorsal-side locking plate fixation and its screw arrangement in the treatment of ulnar head fractures.Methods: FE models of the ulnar head fracture and the models of ulnar-side locking plate and dorsal-side plate with two or three distal screws was constructed. In order to simulate forces acting on the ulnar and the osteosynthesis material during daily-life activity in subjects who underwent reconstructive surgery, we applied three loading conditions to each model, viz. 20 N axial compression, 50 N axial compression, 1 N∙m torsion moment, 1 N∙m lateral bending moments, and 1 N∙m extension bending moments. Under these conditions, values of the von Mises stress (VMS) distribution of the implant, peak VMS, the relative displacement of the head and shaft fragments between the fracture ends and the displacement and its direction of the models were investigated. Results: The stress values of ulnar-side plates were lower than those of dorsal-side plates. And the ulnar-plate fixation system also has smaller maximum displacement and relative displacement. When adding a screw in the middle hole of the ulnar head, the values of model displacement and the peak stress in fixation system are lower, but it may evidently concentrate the stress on the middle screw. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study indicated that ulnar-side locking plates resulted in a lower stress distribution in the plate and better stability than dorsal-side locking plates for ulnar head fracture fixation. Adding an additional screw to the ulnar head could increase the stability of the fixation system and provide an anti-torsion function. This study requires clinical confirmation of its practicality in the treatment of ulnar head fractures. This study requires clinical confirmation as to its practicality in the treatment of ulnar head fracture.
Intestinal AMPK modulation of microbiota mediates cross-talk with brown fat to control thermogenesis
Authors: Huang Wendong , Zhang Eryun , JIN Lihua , Wang Yangmeng , Tu Jui , Ding Lili , Fang Zhipeng , Fan Mingjie , Al-Abdullah Ismail , Natarajan Rama , Ma Ke , Wang Zhengtao , Riggs Arthur , Yang Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The energy-dissipating capacity of brown adipose tissue through thermogenesis can be targeted to improve energy balance. Mammalian 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key nutrient sensor for maintaining cellular energy status, is a known therapeutic target for glucose control in Type II diabetes (T2D). Despite current understandings of its well-established roles in regulating glucose metabolism in various tissues, the functions of AMPK in the intestine, an organ for nutrient processing, remain largely unexplored. Using an intestinal epithelium-specific AMPK-null (AMPK-IKO) mouse model, we demonstrated that AMPK in the intestine communicated with brown adipose tissue (BAT) to promote thermogenesis. Mechanistically, we uncovered a novel link between intestinal AMPK activation and BAT thermogenic regulation through modulating the anti-microbial peptide (AMP)-controlled gut microbiota and the metabolites. Our findings identified a new AMPK-mediated mechanism of intestine-BAT communication that may partially underlie the therapeutic effects of AMPK activator metformin (N, N-dimethylbiguanide).
Value of 3D Preoperative Planning for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Huo Jiabang , Huang Guangxin , Han Dong , Wang Xinjie , Bu Yufan , Chen Ya , Cai DaoZhang , Zhao Chang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Accurate preoperative planning is an important step for accurate reconstruction in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Presently, preoperative planning is completed using either a two-dimensional (2D) template or three-dimensional (3D) mimics software. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, AI HIP, a planning software based on AI technology can quickly and automatically identify acetabular and femur morphology, and automatically match the optimal prosthesis size. However, the accuracy and feasibility of its clinical application still needs to be further verified. The purposes of this study were to investigate the accuracy and time efficiency of AI HIP in preoperative planning for primary THA, compared with 3D mimics software and 2D digital template; and further analyze the factors that influence the accuracy of AI HIP.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 53 consecutive patients (59 hips) undergoing primary THA with cementless prostheses in our department. All preoperative planning was completed using AI HIP as well as 3D mimics and 2D digital template. The predicted component size and the actual implantation results were compared to determine the accuracy. The templating time was compared to determine the efficiency. Furthermore, the potential factors influencing the accuracy of AI HIP were analyzed including sex, body mass index (BMI), and hip dysplasia.Results: The accuracy of predicting the size of acetabular cup and femoral stem was 74.58% and 71.19%, respectively, for AI HIP; 71.19% (P = 0.743) and 76.27% (P = 0.468), respectively, for 3D mimics; 40.68% (P < 0.001) and 49.15% (P = 0.021), respectively, for 2D digital templating. The templating time using AI HIP was 3.91±0.64 min, which was equivalent to 2D digital templates (2.96±0.48 min, P < 0.001), but shorter than 3D mimics (32.07±2.41 min, P < 0.001). Acetabular dysplasia(P = 0.021), rather than sex and BMI, was an influential factor in the accuracy of AI HIP templating. Compared to patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), the accuracy of acetabular cup in the non-DDH group was better (P = 0.021), but the difference in the accuracy of the femoral stem between the two groups was statistically insignificant (P = 0.062).Conclusion: AI HIP showed excellent reliability for component size in THA. Acetabular dysplasia may affect the accuracy of AI HIP templating.