bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise against cocaine sensitization in mice: a [18F]fallypride micro-PET study
Authors: Becker Guillaume , Lespine Louis-Ferdinand , Bahri Mohamed Ali , Serrano Maria Elisa , Lemaire Christian , Luxen André , Tirelli Ezio , Plenevaux Alain 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wheel-running exercise in laboratory rodents (animal model useful to study the neurobiology of aerobic exercise) decreases behavioural markers of vulnerability to addictive properties of various drugs of abuse including cocaine. However, neurobiological mechanisms underpinning this protective effect are far from fully characterized. Here, 28-day-old female C57BL/6J mice were housed with (n = 48) or without (n = 48) a running wheel for 6 weeks before being tested for acute locomotor responsiveness and initiation of locomotor sensitization to intraperitoneal injections of 8 mg/kg cocaine. The long-term expression of sensitization took place 3 weeks after the last session. On the day after, all mice underwent a micro-PET imaging session with [18F]fallypride radiotracer (dopamine 2/3 receptors antagonist). Exercised mice were less sensitive to acute and sensitized cocaine hyperlocomotor effects, such attenuation being particularly well marked for long-term expression of sensitization (η2P = 0.262). Chronic administration of cocaine was associated with a clear-cut increase of [18F]fallypride binding potential in mouse striatum (η2P = 0.170) while wheel-running exercise was associated with a moderate decrease in dopamine 2/3 receptors density in striatum (η2P = 0.075), a mechanism that might contribute to protective properties of exercise against drugs of abuse vulnerability.
The ERA Registry Annual Report 2019: summary and age comparisons
Authors: Boenink Rianne , Astley Megan E , Huijben Jilske A , Stel Vianda S , Kerschbaum Julia , Ots-Rosenberg Mai , Åsberg Anders A , Lopot Frantisek , Golan Eliezer , Castro de la Nuez Pablo , Rodríguez Camblor Marta , Trujillo-Alemán Sara , Ruiz San Millan Juan Carlos , Ucio Mingo Pablo , Díaz Juan Manuel , Bouzas-Caamaño M Encarnación , Artamendi Marta , Aparicio Madre Manuel I , Santiuste de Pablos Carmen , Slon Roblero María Fernanda , Zurriaga Oscar , Stendahl Maria E , Bell Samira , Idrizi Alma , Ioannou Kyriakos , Debska-Slizien Alicja , Galvão Ana A , De Meester Johan M , Resić Halima , Hommel Kristine , Radunovic Danilo , Pálsson Runolfur , Lassalle Mathilde , Finne Patrik , De los Ángeles-Garcia Bazaga María , Gjorgjievski Nikola , Seyahi Nurhan , Bonthuis Marjolein , Ortiz Alberto , Jager Kitty J , Kramer Anneke 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundData on renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease were collected by the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry via national and regional renal registries in Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This article provides a summary of the 2019 ERA Registry Annual Report, including data from 34 countries and additional age comparisons.MethodsIndividual patient data for 2019 were provided by 35 registries and aggregated data by 17 registries. Using these data, the incidence and prevalence of RRT, the kidney transplantation activity and the survival probabilities were calculated.ResultsIn 2019, a general population of 680.8 million people was covered by the ERA Registry. Overall, the incidence of RRT was 132 per million population (p.m.p.). Of these patients, 62% were men, 54% were ≥65 years of age and 21% had diabetes mellitus as primary renal disease (PRD), and 84% had haemodialysis (HD), 11% had peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 5% had pre-emptive kidney transplantation as an initial treatment modality. The overall prevalence of RRT on 31 December 2019 was 893 p.m.p., with 58% of patients on HD, 5% on PD and 37% living with a kidney transplant. The overall kidney transplant rate was 35 p.m.p. and 29% of the kidney grafts were from a living donor. The unadjusted 5-year survival probability was 42.3% for patients commencing dialysis, 86.6% for recipients of deceased donor grafts and 94.4% for recipients of living donor grafts in the period 2010–14. When comparing age categories, there were substantial differences in the distribution of PRD, treatment modality and kidney donor type, and in the survival probabilities.
Simultaneous [18F]fluoride and gadobutrol enhanced coronary positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging for in vivo plaque characterization
Authors: Wurster Thomas H , Landmesser Ulf , Abdelwahed Youssef S , Skurk Carsten , Morguet Andreas , Leistner David M , Fröhlich Georg , Haghikia Arash , Engel Leif Christopher , Schuster Andreas , Noutsias Michel , Schulze Daniel , Hamm Bernd , Furth Christian , Brenner Winfried , Botnar Rene M , Bigalke Boris , Makowski Marcus R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
18F-sodium fluoride ([18F]fluoride) and gadobutrol are promising probes for positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterizing coronary artery disease (CAD) activity. Unlike [18F]fluoride-PET/computed tomography (CT), the potential of PET/MR using [18F]fluoride and gadobutrol simultaneously, has so far not been evaluated. This study assessed feasibility and diagnostic potential of [18F]fluoride and gadobutrol enhanced dual-probe PET/MR in patients with CAD.

Methods and results
Twenty-one patients (age, 66.7 ± 6.7 years) with CAD scheduled for invasive coronary angiography (XCA) underwent simultaneous [18F]fluoride (mean activity/effective dose: 157.2 ± 29.7 MBq/3.77 ± 0.72 mSv) and gadobutrol enhanced PET/MR on an integrated PET/MRI (3 T) scanner. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used as reference. Target-to-background ratio (TBR, [18F]fluoride-PET) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values (MRI, gadobutrol) were calculated for each coronary segment. Previously suggested PET/CT-TBR thresholds for adverse coronary events were evaluated. High-risk plaques, i.e. calcified and non-calcified thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFAs) were predominantly located in segments with a TBR &gt;1.28 (P = 0.012). Plaques containing a lipid core on OCT, were more frequently detected in segments with a TBR &gt;1.25 (P &lt; 0.001). TBR values significantly correlated with maximum calcification thickness (P = 0.009), while fibrous cap thickness was significantly less in segments with a TBR &gt;1.28 (P = 0.044). Above a TBR threshold of &gt;1.28, CNR values significantly correlated with the presence of calcified TCFAs (P = 0.032).

Conclusion
Simultaneous [18F]fluoride and gadobutrol dual-probe PET/MRI is feasible in clinical practice and may facilitate the identification of high-risk patients. The combination of coronary MR-derived CNR values post gadobutrol and [18F]fluoride based TBR values may improve identification of high-risk plaque features.
The valve uptake index: improving assessment of prosthetic valve endocarditis and updating [18F]FDG PET/CT(A) imaging criteria
Authors: Roque Albert , Pizzi María N , Fernández-Hidalgo Nuria , Romero-Farina Guillermo , Burcet Gemma , Reyes-Juarez José Luis , Espinet Carina , Castell-Conesa Joan , Escobar Manuel , Ferreira-González Ignacio , Aguadé-Bruix Santiago , Cuellar-Calabria Hug 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) by positron emission computed tomography angiography (PET/CTA) is based on visual and quantitative morpho-metabolic features. However, the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake pattern can be sometimes visually unclear and susceptible to subjectivity. This study aimed to validate a new parameter, the valve uptake index [VUI, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax)−mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean)/SUVmax], designed to provide a more objective indication of the distribution of metabolic activity. Secondly, to re-evaluate the utility of traditionally used PVE imaging criteria and determine the potential value of adding the VUI in the diagnostic algorithm of PVE.

Methods and results
Retrospective analysis of 122 patients (135 prosthetic valves) admitted for suspicion of endocarditis, with a conclusive diagnosis of definite (N = 57) or rejected (N = 65) PVE, and who had undergone a cardiac PET/CTA scan as part of the diagnostic evaluation. We measured the VUI and recorded the SUVmax, SUVratio, uptake pattern, and the presence of endocarditis-related anatomic lesions. The VUI, SUVmax, and SUVratio values were 0.54 ± 0.1 vs. 0.36 ± 0.08, 7.68 ± 3.07 vs. 3.72 ± 1.11, and 4.28 ± 1.93 vs. 2.16 ± 0.95 in the ‘definite’ PVE group vs. the ‘rejected’ group, respectively (mean ± SD; P &lt; 0.001). A cut-off value of VUI &gt; 0.45 showed a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for PVE of 85%, 88%, and 86.7% and increased diagnostic ability for confirming endocarditis when combined with the standard diagnostic criteria.

Conclusions
The VUI demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for PVE, even increasing the diagnostic power of the traditionally used morphometabolic parameters, which also confirmed their own diagnostic performance. More research is needed to assess whether the integration of the VUI into the PVE diagnostic algorithm may clarify doubtful cases and thus improve the diagnostic yield of PET/CTA.
Trend, population structure, and trait mapping from 15 years of national varietal trials of UK winter wheat
Authors: Shorinola Oluwaseyi , Simmonds James , Wingen Luzie U , Uauy Cristobal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There are now a rich variety of genomic and genotypic resources available to wheat researchers and breeders. However, the generation of high-quality and field-relevant phenotyping data which is required to capture the complexities of gene × environment interactions remains a major bottleneck. Historical datasets from national variety performance trials (NVPT) provide sufficient dimensions, in terms of numbers of years and locations, to examine phenotypic trends and study gene × environment interactions. Using NVPT for winter wheat varieties grown in the United Kingdom between 2002 and 2017, we examined temporal trends for eight traits related to yield, adaptation, and grain quality performance. We show a non-stationary linear trend for yield, grain protein content, Hagberg Falling Number (HFN), and days to ripening. Our data also show high environmental stability for yield, grain protein content, and specific weight in UK winter wheat varieties and high environmental sensitivity for HFN. We also show that UK varieties released within this period cluster into four main population groups. Using the historical NVPT data in a genome-wide association analysis, we uncovered a significant marker-trait association peak on wheat chromosome 6A spanning the NAM-A1 gene that have been previously associated with early senescence. Together, our results show the value of utilizing the data routinely collected during national variety evaluation process for examining breeding progress and the genetic architecture of important traits.
NLR diversity and candidate fusiform rust resistance genes in loblolly pine
Authors: Ence Daniel , Smith Katherine E , Fan Shenghua , Gomide Neves Leandro , Paul Robin , Wegrzyn Jill , Peter Gary F , Kirst Matias , Brawner Jeremy , Nelson C Dana , Davis John M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResistance to fusiform rust disease in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) is a classic gene-for-gene system. Early resistance gene mapping in the P. taeda family 10-5 identified RAPD markers for a major fusiform rust resistance gene, Fr1. More recently, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with resistance were mapped to a full-length gene model in the loblolly pine genome encoding for a nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein. NLR genes are one of the most abundant gene families in plant genomes and are involved in effector-triggered immunity. Inter- and intraspecies studies of NLR gene diversity and expression have resulted in improved disease resistance. To characterize NLR gene diversity and discover potential resistance genes, we assembled de novo transcriptomes from 92 loblolly genotypes from across the natural range of the species. In these transcriptomes, we identified novel NLR transcripts that are not present in the loblolly pine reference genome and found significant geographic diversity of NLR genes providing evidence of gene family evolution. We designed capture probes for these NLRs to identify and map SNPs that stably cosegregate with resistance to the SC20-21 isolate of Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme (Cqf) in half-sib progeny of the 10-5 family. We identified 10 SNPs and 2 quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to SC20-21 Cqf. The geographic diversity of NLR genes provides evidence of NLR gene family evolution in loblolly pine. The SNPs associated with rust resistance provide a resource to enhance breeding and deployment of resistant pine seedlings.
New data and collaborations at theSaccharomycesGenome Database: updated reference genome, alleles, and the Alliance of Genome Resources
Authors: Engel Stacia R , Wong Edith D , Nash Robert S , Aleksander Suzi , Alexander Micheal , Douglass Eric , Karra Kalpana , Miyasato Stuart R , Simison Matt , Skrzypek Marek S , Weng Shuai , Cherry J Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is used to provide fundamental understanding of eukaryotic genetics, gene product function, and cellular biological processes. Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) has been supporting the yeast research community since 1993, serving as its de facto hub. Over the years, SGD has maintained the genetic nomenclature, chromosome maps, and functional annotation, and developed various tools and methods for analysis and curation of a variety of emerging data types. More recently, SGD and six other model organism focused knowledgebases have come together to create the Alliance of Genome Resources to develop sustainable genome information resources that promote and support the use of various model organisms to understand the genetic and genomic bases of human biology and disease. Here we describe recent activities at SGD, including the latest reference genome annotation update, the development of a curation system for mutant alleles, and new pages addressing homology across model organisms as well as the use of yeast to study human disease.
The genomic basis of high-elevation adaptation in wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) from South America
Authors: Beckman Elizabeth J , Martins Felipe , Suzuki Taichi A , Bi Ke , Keeble Sara , Good Jeffrey M , Chavez Andreas S , Ballinger Mallory A , Agwamba Kennedy , Nachman Michael W 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of environmental adaptation in natural populations is a central goal in evolutionary biology. The conditions at high elevation, particularly the low oxygen available in the ambient air, impose a significant and chronic environmental challenge to metabolically active animals with lowland ancestry. To understand the process of adaptation to these novel conditions and to assess the repeatability of evolution over short timescales, we examined the signature of selection from complete exome sequences of house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) sampled across two elevational transects in the Andes of South America. Using phylogenetic analysis, we show that house mice colonized high elevations independently in Ecuador and Bolivia. Overall, we found distinct responses to selection in each transect and largely nonoverlapping sets of candidate genes, consistent with the complex nature of traits that underlie adaptation to low oxygen availability (hypoxia) in other species. Nonetheless, we also identified a small subset of the genome that appears to be under parallel selection at the gene and SNP levels. In particular, three genes (Col22a1, Fgf14, and srGAP1) bore strong signatures of selection in both transects. Finally, we observed several patterns that were common to both transects, including an excess of derived alleles at high elevation, and a number of hypoxia-associated genes exhibiting a threshold effect, with a large allele frequency change only at the highest elevations. This threshold effect suggests that selection pressures may increase disproportionately at high elevations in mammals, consistent with observations of some high-elevation diseases in humans.
Loneliness Progression Among Older Adults During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States and Canada
Authors: Lin Tian , Horta Marilyn , Heald Kristen , Heemskerk Amber , Darboh Bri , Levi Adina , Spreng R Nathan , Turner Gary R , Ebner Natalie C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults are at high risk for complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Health guidelines recommend limiting physical contact during the pandemic, drastically reducing opportunities for in-person social exchange. Older adults are also susceptible to negative consequences from loneliness, and the COVID-19 pandemic has likely exacerbated this age-related vulnerability.

Methods
In 107 community-dwelling older individuals (65–90 years, 70.5% female) from Florida, the United States, and Ontario, Canada, we examined change in loneliness over the course of the pandemic after implementation of COVID-19-related physical distancing guidelines (March–September 2020; T1–T5; biweekly concurrent self-report) using multilevel modeling. We also explored gender differences in loneliness during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic at both data collection sites.

Results
Consistent across the 2 sites, levels of loneliness remained stable over time for the full sample (T1–T5). However, our exploratory moderation analysis suggested gender differences in the trajectory of loneliness between the United States and Canada, in that older men in Florida and older women in Ontario reported an increase in loneliness over time.

Discussion
Leveraging a longitudinal, binational data set collected during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study advances understanding of stability and change in loneliness among a North American sample of individuals aged 65 and older faced with the unique challenges of social isolation. These results can inform public health policy in anticipation of future pandemics and highlight the need for targeted intervention to address acute loneliness among older populations.
Lifetime Adversity in the Context of Monthly Adversity and Psychological Well-Being in Midlife: Evidence of Cumulative Disadvantage, But Not Steeling Effects of Lifetime Adversity
Authors: Infurna Frank J , Luthar Suniya S , Grimm Kevin J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Our objective is to examine whether lifetime adversity has either a “steeling effect” or “cumulative disadvantage effect” on the consequences of monthly adversity on psychological well-being in middle-aged adults. An exploratory step was to examine whether such associations differed based on the domain of adversity (personal, family/friend, bereavement, social–environmental, and relationship).

Method
Multilevel modeling was applied to data from a sample of participants in midlife (n = 358, ages 50–65, 54% women) who were assessed monthly for 2 years.

Results
Lifetime adversity did not show steeling effects, but instead appeared to exacerbate the impact of monthly adversity on psychological well-being, indicating cumulative disadvantage. On months where an adversity was reported, on average, individuals who reported more lifetime adversity showed stronger increases in depressive symptoms, anxiety, and negative affect and decreases in positive affect. There was limited evidence to suggest for steeling effects for life satisfaction. Reporting adversity in the personal, bereavement, social–environmental, and relationship domains showed the strongest associations with psychological well-being.

Discussion
Our discussion focuses on how lifetime adversity showed a cumulative disadvantage effect on the consequences of monthly adversity on psychological well-being. We also elaborate on future directions for research that include other conceptualizations of adversity and research to examine mechanisms underlying this relationship.
The Prevalence of Dissemination and Implementation Research and Training Grants at National Cancer Institute–Designated Cancer Centers
Authors: Mueller Nora M , Hsieh Ada , Ramanadhan Shoba , Lee Rebekka M , Emmons Karen M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Dissemination and implementation (D&I) research is a key factor in the uptake and use of evidence-based cancer control interventions. National Cancer Institute (NCI)–designated cancer centers are ideal settings in which to further D&I knowledge. The purpose of this study was to summarize the characteristics of NCI-funded D&I science grants in the nation’s cancer centers to understand the nature, extent, and opportunity for this key type of translational work.

Methods
We used the National Institutes of Health Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool to identify active NCI-funded grants in D&I science at NCI clinical cancer centers (n = 13) and comprehensive cancer centers (n = 51) as well as their academic affiliates. Active projects were eligible for inclusion if they 1) were awarded directly to an NCI cancer center or an academic or research affiliate, and 2) identified D&I content in the abstract. Portfolio data were collected in February 2021.

Results
We identified 104 active NCI-funded D&I research or training grants across the 64 cancer centers; 57.8% of cancer centers had at least 1 NCI-funded D&I grant. Most awards (71.1%) were for research grants. Training grants constituted 29.1% of D&I-focused grants. Overall, 50.0% of grants (n = 52) concentrated on specific cancers. Almost two-thirds of grants (n = 68, 65.4%) had a stated health equity focus.

Conclusions
More than one-half of NCI-designated cancer centers have active funding in D&I science, reflecting a substantial investment by NCI. There remains considerable room for further development, which would further support NCI’s translational mission.
Growth of Managed Older Douglas-fir Stands: Implications of the Black Rock Thinning Trial in the Coast Range of Western Oregon
Authors: Tappeiner John , Adams Darius , Montgomery Claire , Maguire Douglas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe most recent remeasurement of growth (at approximate total stand age 100 years) from the Black Rock Thinning Trial in western Oregon provides useful information for forest owners interested in accelerating restoration of older forest characteristics in Douglas-fir stands of the Pacific Northwest. Thinnings at several intensities at total stand age of roughly 50 years effectively reset stand growth patterns. With quadratic mean diameters in thinned plots up to 40% higher than those of unthinned controls, thinned plot mean annual increments (MAIs) and periodic annual increments continue to rise 55 years after thinning, with the peak in board foot and cubic foot MAI apparently still decades in the future. Assuming repeatable future thinning responses similar to the Black Rock Trial, financial analysis of the opportunity costs of extending rotations to 100 years indicates that some thinning treatments can reduce opportunity costs by up to half at a 6% discount rate.