bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La « démocratie de l’abstention » à l’université
Authors: Stuppia Paolo , Haute Tristan 
Published: May 2021

Alors que la préférence des jeunes pour des pratiques opposées au vote et à l’action syndicale fait l’objet de controverses, cet article interroge l’un des indicateurs avancés pour illustrer le retrait de la fraction scolarisée des modes de participation « traditionnels » : l’abstention massive aux élections étudiantes. Au croisement de la sociologie électorale, de la jeunesse et des mouvements sociaux, les auteurs montrent que cette non-participation est moins le signe d’un rejet généralisé de la démocratie représentative que la conséquence d’une moindre capacité des organisations étudiantes à mobiliser les votant·e·s, nombre de leur militant·e·s semblant se détourner de l’activité électorale.
Rester ou rentrer
Authors: Henni Roufaïda 
Published: May 2021

Si les études sur l’immigration algérienne ont longtemps suscité un fort intérêt scientifique, les migrations étudiantes algériennes, et particulièrement leur devenir après les études restent un angle mort de ce champ. Cet article s’intéresse aux conséquences biographiques de ces migrations étudiantes en interrogeant les modalités selon lesquelles se construit le départ ou l’installation en France, après les études. Il propose de regarder le devenir de ces étudiants, non pas à travers le prisme du choix individuel mais en pensant ces parcours comme la résultante d’un processus socialisateur articulant des réalités sociogénéalogiques, des réalités directement liées à la migration, et des réalités liées à la vie en France, « loin de chez soi ».
Quand le retour cesse d’être une évidence
Authors: Ndiaye Papa Oumar 
Published: May 2021

Si la migration étudiante est provisoire du point de vue des règles qui l’encadrent et dans l’esprit des étudiants eux-mêmes au moment où ils arrivent en France, comment rendre compte du fait que nombre d’entre eux prolongent leur séjour bien au-delà de la fin de leurs études ? Faut-il considérer que les changements survenus dans leur vie (sociale, amoureuse, professionnelle, etc.) tendent à produire des effets durables, susceptibles d’infléchir leur projet initial de retour au pays ? Si les étudiants ne sont plus les mêmes à la fin de leurs études qu’au début, il convient dès lors de se demander comment ces différentes expériences socialisantes les ont fait basculer d’une quasi-certitude du retour en début de migration, vers une situation d’indétermination, qui peut aboutir à leur installation durable dans le pays d’accueil.
La médiation numérique comme démarche d’émancipation
Authors: Javelle Eddie 
Published: May 2021

Au-delà des enjeux de méthodes, d’outillage et de posture, cette contribution souligne que la médiation numérique permet d’accompagner la participation des citoyens. Loin de se réduire à un solutionnisme technique, l’expérience du médiateur numérique vise aussi au renforcement de l’autonomie et de l’émancipation. Les acteurs de la médiation numérique mis au service de leur territoire doivent être en capacité de proposer de faire de la médiation « au » numérique aussi bien que d’utiliser le numérique « comme » médiation.
Anatomical impact and notes on viviparous development related to infestation by neotenic females ofStylops advarians(Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) on adult femaleAndrena milwaukeensis(Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors: Balzer Zachary S. , Davis Arthur R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStylops advariansPierce (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) is a prevalent parasite of adultAndrena milwaukeensisGraenicher (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. By dissecting adult bees and examining histological sections, we sought to determine how neotenic females ofS. advariansimpact female hosts ofA. milwaukeensisanatomically. Adult bees with 1–3 females ofS. advarianswithin their gasters were compared to nonstylopised bees (control). The presence of a single female parasite inhibited development of the host’s ovaries. The bee’s foregut shifted laterally when one parasite occupied the gaster and ventrally when two or three were present, thereby reducing the crop’s expandable capacity and the amount of nectar and pollen that stylopised bees can ingest. The midgut and hindgut were less significantly affected by stylopisation. Female parasites typically occupied the host’s gaster dorsolaterally, where each was supported by one of the host’s air sacs. If a third female parasite was present, she resided dorsally along the midline of the host’s gaster, mostly supported by the two female parasites to either side. Asynchronous development within neotenic female parasites was demonstrated, wherein mature first-instar larvae occupied the cephalothorax and abdomen at the same time that the adult female was still supporting multiple embryos.
Quaternary abdominal compartment syndrome in complex ventral hernias
Authors: Quintela Catarina , Freire Lígia , Marrana Francisco , Barbosa Eva , Guerreiro Emanuel , Ferreira Fernando C. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE:
Abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) can lead to raised intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in the postoperative setting. The term “quaternary abdominal compartment syndrome” (QACS) was recently proposed as an abdominal compartment syndrome in the particular setting of AWR that reverts with medical treatment. The aim of this report is to determine the incidence of QACS in our series, potential risk factors and the outcome of these patients.

METHODS:
A retrospective study was conducted between 2010 and 2019 at our hospital, to identify patients with QACS after AWR and respective risk factors.

RESULTS:
From a total of 115 patients, five were diagnosed with QACS, all being hernias with Loss of Domain (LOD) ≥20% and showing major renal and pulmonary impairment. Four patients had predictable transitory QACS, yet one patient died despite damage control surgery. A total of 19 patients had LOD ≥20%, 14 without QACS development and 5 with this entity. The most important finding between the groups was a significant variation in the Peak Respiratory Pressure (PRP) (measured before incision and intraoperatively), being higher in the QACS group (7.40 ± 1.34 vs. 3.77 ± 1.59; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
In this study, QACS was found to be a rare event, not always transitory. LOD ≥20% appeared as an important risk factor and PRP variations between 6 and 10 mmHg during fascial closure were a significant marker for adverse endpoints in AWR.
Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis following intensive corticosteroid therapy in severe COVID-19 disease
Authors: Shroff Daraius , Narula Ritesh , Atri Neelam , Chakravarti Arindam , Gandhi Arpan , Sapra Neelam , Bhatia Gagan , Pawar Shraddha R , Narain Shishir 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To report endogenous fungal endophthalmitis, postrecovery from severe COVID-19 infection in otherwise immunocompetent individuals, treated with prolonged systemic steroids.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of cases with confirmed and presumed fungal endogenous endophthalmitis, following severe COVID-19 disease, treated at two tertiary care referral eye institutes in North India.

Results:
Seven eyes of five cases of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis were studied. All cases had been hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia and had received systemic steroid therapy for an average duration of 42 ± 25.1 days (range 18–80 days). All the cases initially complained of floaters with blurred vision after an average of 6 days (range 1–14 days) following discharge from hospital. They had all been misdiagnosed as noninfectious uveitis by their primary ophthalmologists. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal antifungal therapy. Five of the seven eyes grew fungus as the causative organism (Candida sp. in four eyes, Aspergillus sp. in one eye). Postoperatively, all eyes showed control of the infection with a marked reduction in vitreous exudates and improvement in vision.

Conclusion:
Floaters and blurred vision developed in patients after they recovered from severe COVID-19 infection. They had received prolonged corticosteroid treatment for COVID-19 as well as for suspected noninfectious uveitis. We diagnosed and treated them for endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. All eyes showed anatomical and functional improvement after PPV with antifungal therapy. It is important for ophthalmologists and physicians to be aware of this as prompt treatment could control the infection and salvage vision.
Evaluation of COVID-19 Antigen Fluorescence Immunoassay Test for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kiro Vandana Vijayeta , Gupta Ankesh , Singh Parul , Sharad Neha , Khurana Surbhi , Prakash S , Dar Lalit , Malhotra Rajesh , Wig Naveet , Kumar Arvind , Trikha Anjan , Mathur Purva 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Tests detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific antigen have recently been developed, and many of them are now commercially available. However, the real-world performance of these assays is uncertain; therefore, their validation is important. In this study, we have evaluated the performance of STANDARD F COVID-19 antigen fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) kit.

Methods:
Nasopharyngeal samples collected from patients were subjected to the test as per manufacturer's instructions. The performance of the kit was compared with the gold standard real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
A total of 354 patients were tested with STANDARD F COVID-19 antigen FIA test kit. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of this test were found to be 38%, 99%, 96.2%, and 72%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 75.7%.

Conclusion:
STANDARD F COVID-19 antigen FIA showed high specificity and positive predictive value but low sensitivity and negative predictive value.
Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rd on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Activity
Authors: Chen Jv , Fang Wan-Xian , Li Shao-Jin , Xiao Shui-Xiu , Li Hai-Jian , Situ Yong-Li 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Inflammation and oxidation stress are key factors in the mechanism of acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, suppression of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress could be a potential strategy to treat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Ginsenoside Rd (Rd), a natural Ginseng extract, alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia, but its effect on ALI is still unclear.

Aims and Objectives:
To explore the protective effect of Rd on LPS-induced ALI and explored associated mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:
Mice were divided into five groups: A sham-operated group, a LPS-induced ALI group, and three LPS groups pretreated with Rd doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively. The pathological changes of lung, collagen deposition, pulmonary edema, inflammatory cytokine, oxidative stress and the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB were detected.

Results:
The oral administration of Rd dose dependently attenuated histopathologic changes in the lung, lung edema, pulmonary collagen deposition, protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, Rd suppressed the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1 β in BALF. The productions of oxidative stress-related enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in lung tissue were significantly upregulated by Rd administration. However, malondialdehyde and pulmonary MPO activity was reduced in the Rd-pretreated groups when compared with LPS-induced ALI group. Rd treatment also dose dependently suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation and TLR4 expression.

Conclusion:
Overall, these findings provide evidence that Rd pretreatment inhibits LPS-induced ALI through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions, suggesting that it could be a promising protective drug for LPS-induced ALI.
COVID-19, Loneliness and Technological Addiction: Longitudinal Data
Authors: Rogier Guyonne , Zobel Sara Beomonte , Velotti Patrizia 
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has been shown to have had a negative impact on mental health: furthermore, lockdown measures may have increased levels of loneliness and addiction. Preliminary studies indicated an increased frequency of gaming and social media use during this time and augmented levels of loneliness likely account for the increase in gaming and social media addiction during lockdown. We conducted a longitudinal study administering a battery of self-report questionnaires at the beginning of lockdown (Stage 1) and three days before the end of the lockdown (Stage 2). Specifically, we measured loneliness feelings, frequency of gaming, and social media use, as well as both gaming and social media addiction. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling. We found that loneliness levels longitudinally predicted both gaming and social media addiction, even when controlling for gaming and social media use at Stage 1. Increased feelings of loneliness, a well-known risk factor for gaming, along with social media addiction, may be a central variable heightening vulnerability to the onset or the maintenance of technological addiction during forced social isolation. Thus, future preventive interventions may want to target this issue.RésuméL’éclosion de la COVID-19 a eu un effet nuisible sur la santé mentale. De plus, les mesures de confinement ont intensifié la solitude et les addictions. Les études préliminaires indiquent une augmentation de la fréquence d’utilisation des jeux vidéo et des médias sociaux pendant cette période. Cette hausse est probablement attribuable à l’accroissement de la solitude. Nous avons mené une étude longitudinale à l’aide d’une batterie de questionnaires d’autoévaluation, qui ont été remplis au début du confinement (étape 1) et trois jours avant la fin du confinement (étape 2). En particulier, nous avons mesuré le sentiment de solitude, la fréquence d’utilisation des jeux vidéo et des médias sociaux, et la dépendance aux jeux vidéo et aux médias sociaux. Nous avons eu recours à la modélisation par équation structurelle pour analyser les données. Nous avons observé que le niveau de solitude est un prédicteur longitudinal de la dépendance aux jeux vidéo et aux médias sociaux, en contrôlant par l’effet de l’utilisation des jeux vidéo et des médias sociaux observée à l’étape 1. Le sentiment accru de solitude, qui est un facteur de risque connu de dépendance aux jeux vidéo et aux médias sociaux, pourrait être une variable centrale de l’accroissement de la vulnérabilité au développement ou à la persistance d’une dépendance à la technologie dans un contexte d’isolement social imposé. Par conséquent, les interventions à venir en matière de prévention pourraient cibler ce problème.
The Northern Migrations from a drying Sahara (6,000 years BP): cultural and genetic influence in Greeks, Iberians and other Mediterraneans
Authors: Arnaiz-Villena Antonio , Juarez Ignacio , Palacio-Grüber José , Lopez-Nares Adrián , Suarez-Trujillo Fabio 
Published: May 2021

Greeks have a Sub-Saharan gene input according to HLA and other autosomic markers. Iberians, Canarians, and North Africans show a close genetic relatedness. This is concordant with a drying humid Sahara Desert, which may have occurred about 6,000 years BC, and the subsequent northwards emigration of Saharan people may have also happened in Pharaonic times. Present study confirms this African gene input in Greeks according to 12th HLA International Workshop data, which was studied some years before by us. This genetic input into Atlantic and Mediterranean Europe/Africa is also supported with Lineal Megalithic Scripts in Canary Islands (as well as in Iberia) together with simple Iberian semi-syllabary rock inscriptions both at Canary Islands and Ti-m Missaou (Algeria, Central southern Sahara). Lineal African/European scripts are found in some language scripts like Berber/Tuareg, Iberian, Runes, Etruscan, Bulgarian (Sitovo and Gradeshnitza, 6,000 years BP), Italian Old Scripts (Lepontic, Venetic, Raetic), Minoan Lineal A, and other Aegean scripts. The possibility that Megalithic Lineal Scripts have given rise to these languages lineal writing is feasible because admixture of languages rock scripts and Megalithic Lineal Scripts may be found. Thus, resistance of Canarian aborigines (Guanches) to Cartago, Rome and Arabs left a bulk of Canarian-Saharan information which is used to study both Saharan and Canarian Prehistory, and also Atlantic and Mediterranean beginning of European and other civilizations: this preserved prehistoric inheritance may be named the “Saharo-Canarian Circle” of prehistoric knowledge. Also, linguisticsepigraphy, physical anthropology ,archaeology and domesticated cattle shows a close North Africa-Iberia Mesolithic/Neolithic relationship and demonstrates that the demic diffusion model does not exist in Iberia. Also, Tassili Sahara paintings of domesticated cattle appear 1,000 years before that agricultural practices started at Middle East.
Keywords: Greeks, Macedonians, Sahara, Africa, Iberia, HLA, Genetics, Spaniards, Portuguese, Berbers, Algerians, demic, diffusion, Canary Islands, Lanzarote, Malta, Cart-ruts, Quesera, Cheesboard, Iberian, language, Guanche, Usko-Mediterranean, Phoenicians
Autonomic manifestations of epilepsy
Authors: Asindi AA 
Published: May 2021

Abstract: An epileptic fit does not only manifest as bizarre motor activity but can destabilize autonomic functions. Abnormal electrical discharge originating from the cerebral cortex can spreads to involve the autonomic system thus creating a dysfunction of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic which modulate the cardiorespiratory, digestive, genitourinary systems. The autonomic phenomenon can be encountered in simple partial, complex partial, generalised tonic-clonic, absence and generalized tonic seizures. Both the motor and the autonomic components may manifest simultaneously; at times the autonomic symptoms may precede or outlast the motor components. Autonomic features affecting the cardiopulmonary function may be life-threatening and contributes to 8-17% of deaths in individuals with epilepsy. Hypoventilation, apnoea, atrial fibrillation, sinus arrhythmias, atrial and ventricular premature depolarisations, bundle branch block and asystole are known to manifest in the peri-ictal and also in interictal phases of epilepsy. Poor control, and polytherapy in the management of patients, render some epileptics more vulnerable toexcessive excitability of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this communication, therefore, is to alert and remind healthcare givers on the autonomic phenomena of epileptic fits some of which may result in sudden unexpected death. Clinician should always take a holistic approach in the evaluation of epilepsy patients and watch out especially for cardiorespiratory variability during and in-between attacks.Key Words: Epilepsy, Autonomic dysfunction.
Parental contribution to over prescription of antibiotics for sore throat in children
Authors: Sadoh WE , Sadoh AE , Eki-Udoko FE 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Antibiotics are often prescribed by physicians for sore throat in children because of the danger of post streptococcal complications. The role of the parents in over prescription of antibiotics is less well known.Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of parents to antibiotic prescription for childhood sore throat.Methods: The subjects were parents who brought their children to the out-patient clinics of a tertiary hospital. Their knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics prescription for sore throat in children were evaluated with the aid of a questionnaire. Responses were analyzed with IBM-SPSS version 20.0. The responses were presented in simple percentages while differences in proportions were tested with χ2 test.Results: There were 309 respondents studied, of which 264 (85.4%) were mothers. Respondents were aged 20 to 64 years. While 54.0% of respondents believed sore throat may resolve without antibiotics, 69.4% also felt that every child with sore throat should receive antibiotics. Some 57.2% of respondents will request for antibiotic. More respondents with secondary (59.0%) and tertiary (56.6%) levels of education compared to primary (20.6%) level would not request for antibiotics, P = <0.001. 42% will not be satisfied with a physician who does not prescribe antibiotics.Conclusion: This study demonstrated parental irrational demand for antibiotic for sore throat in children. This attitude was more in less educated parents. Education of the parents about the aetiology and rational antibiotic use of sore throat in children will mitigate this behavior.Keywords: Sore throat; antibiotic over prescription; knowledge; attitude, parents
A prospective study of childhood malignancy in Enugu, Eastern Nigeria (2011-2013)
Authors: Chukwu BF , Ezenwosu OU , Ikefuna AN , Emodi IJ 
Published: May 2021

Background: The review of childhood cancers has most times been done in retrospect by most authors and this has its inherent limitations. Most reviews in Africa show that lymphomas are the commonest malignancies of childhood while acute leukemia ranks much lower.Objective: To do a prospective audit of the pattern of childhood malignancies in Enugu, southeast, Nigeria.Methods: Demographic and medical information on patients aged 1 -17 years admitted over a 36 month period for malignancies was obtained and recorded in pretested interviewed administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using spss, 15 (Chicago II, USA) software.Results: A total of 103 patients were admitted with diagnosis of cancer with a male: female ratio of 1.3: 1 and median age of 7 years. Majority (63.1%) of patients were from the rural area with low socioeconomic background. There was a decline in the incidence of childhood lymphoma from 40% about 25 years ago to 34% in the present study. Although lymphoma remains the leading childhood malignancy, sarcomas and acute leukemia rather than renal and eye tumors ranked second and third respectively among childhood cancers in the center.Conclusion: There is a reversing trend in the pattern of malignancies of childhood in Enugu as acute leukemia becomes one of the leading malignancies of children.Key words: childhood, malignancy, lymphomas, leukaemia