bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicitly Learned Higher Order Associations Differentiates Recent and Remote Retrieval of Temporal Order Memory
Authors: Shridhar Shruti , Singh Vikram Pal , Bhatt Richa , Kundu Sankhanava , Balaji J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMemory of an ordered sequence of distinct events requires encoding the temporal order as well as the intervals that separates these events. In this study, using order place association task where the animal learns to associate the location of the food pellet to the order of entry into the event arena, we probe the nature of temporal order memory in mice. In our task, individual trials, become distinct events, as the animal is trained to form unique association between entry order and a correct location. The inter-trial intervals (> 30 mins) are chosen deliberately to minimise the working memory contributions. We develop this paradigm initially using 4 order place associates and later extend it to 5 paired associates. Our results show that animals not only acquire these explicit (entry order to place) associations but also higher order associations that can only be inferred implicitly from the temporal order of these events. As an indicator of such higher order learning during the probe trail the mice exhibit predominantly prospective errors that declines proportionally with temporal distance. On the other hand, prior to acquiring the sequence the retrospective errors are dominant. Additionally, we also tested the nature of such acquisitions when temporal order CS is presented along with flavour as a compound stimulus comprising of order and flavour both simultaneously being paired with location. Results from these experiments indicate that the animal learns both order-place and flavour-place associations. Comparing with pure order place training, we find that the additional flavour in compound training did not interfere with the ability of the animals to acquire the order place associations. When tested remotely, pure order place associations could be retrieved only after a reminder training. Further higher order associations representing the temporal relationship between the events is markedly absent in the remote time.
Single cell tools for WormBase
Authors: Veiga Beltrame Eduardo da , Arnaboldi Valerio , Sternberg Paul W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present two web apps for interactively performing common tasks with single cell RNA sequencing data: scdefg for interactive differential expression and wormcells-viz for visualization of gene expression. We made these tools available with public C. elegans datasets curated by WormBase at single-cell.wormbase.org. They can also be readily deployed for use with any other datasets using the source code available at github.com/WormBase/scdefg and at github.com/WormBase/wormcells-viz.
Uniformity on generalized topological spaces
Authors: Dey Dipankar , Mandal Dhananjay , Mukherjee Manabendra Nath 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe present article deals with the initiation and study of a uniformity like notion, captioned μ-uniformity, in the context of a generalized topological space.Design/methodology/approachThe existence of uniformity for a completely regular topological space is well-known, and the interrelation of this structure with a proximity is also well-studied. Using this idea, a structure on generalized topological space has been developed, to establish the same type of compatibility in the corresponding frameworks.FindingsIt is proved, among other things, that a μ-uniformity on a non-empty set X always induces a generalized topology on X, which is μ-completely regular too. In the last theorem of the paper, the authors develop a relation between μ-proximity and μ-uniformity by showing that every μ-uniformity generates a μ-proximity, both giving the same generalized topology on the underlying set.Originality/valueIt is an original work influenced by the previous works that have been done on generalized topological spaces. A kind of generalization has been done in this article, that has produced an intermediate structure to the already known generalized topological spaces.
Exploring the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Farooq Usman , Gang Fu , Guan Zhenzhong , Rauf Abdul , Chandio Abbas Ali , Ahsan Faiza 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the long-run relationship between financial inclusion and agricultural growth in Pakistan for the period of 1960–2018.Design/methodology/approachThe autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the Johansen co-integration test and the dynamic ordinary least squared (DOLS) method are used for the evaluation.FindingsThe results show that in both short- and long run, domestic credit has a significantly negative impact on the agricultural growth, while broad money and cropped area positively affected the agricultural growth in Pakistan in both cases.Practical implicationsThe government and policymakers need to develop strategies that bring together agriculturalists on a single platform so that the government can clearly distinguish the interests of these farmers and can obtain precise information for allocating agricultural expenditure and easing access to credit for small-scale agriculturalists.Originality/valueThis is the first study to evaluate the impact of financial inclusion on the agricultural growth in Pakistan by using different econometric techniques, including the ARDL-bound approach, Johansen co-integration test and DOLS method.
Indian supply chain ecosystem readiness assessment for Industry 4.0
Authors: Tripathi Shubham , Gupta Manish 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe article analyses the current readiness of India to transform its supply chain ecosystem to smarter systems with Fourth Industrial Revolution.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is carried out in two stages. First, the readiness of India is assessed globally, and then the rate of transformation over the years and supporting policies are analyzed to understand the transformation potential. This analysis is done across nine identified macro factors namely government support, regulations, business environment, human resource, infrastructure, innovation capability, technological advancements, cybersecurity and digital awareness. The study combines empirical data from 2010 onwards with the strategic literature published by government bodies and institutions for analysis.FindingsResults show that India's readiness is just above the global average with a score of 0.44 on a scale of 0–1 (most ready). Government and start-up culture are found to be leading transformation factors, while digital infrastructure, regulations and cybersecurity are most lacking areas.Originality/valueThis study is first of its kind to the best of our knowledge. The academic literature has not reported studies assessing Industry 4.0 readiness of supply chain ecosystem using macro factors for nations.
A review of empirical research on corporate social responsibility in emerging economies
Authors: Dartey-Baah Kwasi , Amoako George Kofi 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of empirical research studies on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employed a systematic literature review using research papers published on CSR in emerging economies from 2010 to 2019.FindingsThe findings of this paper show that the principal themes of published research articles on CSR in emerging economies are (1) effects of CSR, (2) drivers of CSR and (3) challenges of CSR. Additionally, publications on CSR in emerging economies have been dominated by studies that used quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. A significant number of studies also employed secondary data sources with most of these studies not being sensitive to sectoral influencesResearch limitations/implicationsThe research is non-empirical.Practical implicationsCSR is an area that can mitigate some of the developmental challenges of emerging economies and also stimulate the economic growth of firms. Thus, governments and organisations must partner to provide suitable conditions that would influence organisations to incorporate CSR in their business plans.Originality/valueThis review is the first of its kind that identifies the principal thematic domains of research on CSR in emerging economies. This review also provides proof of the areas of research that need attention and also provides recommendation on future areas of study on CSR in emerging economies.
Weathering the storm: talent management in internationally oriented Greek small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Kravariti Foteini , Oruh Emeka Smart , Dibia Chianu , Tasoulis Konstantinos , Scullion Hugh , Mamman Aminu 
Published: July 2021

PurposeBased on a study of internationally oriented Greek small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and using the lens of institutional theory, this paper extends the understanding of the extent to which Greece's institutional context influences talent management (TM). In so doing, the authors focussed on the key TM practices employed by SMEs to enhance and sustain TM: talent acquisition, development and retention. The authors also explore how these practices are shaped by the Greek institutional context.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a multiple case-study approach, the authors conducted 18 interviews in six distinctive SMEs operating in north, central and southern Greece. The data were thematically analysed to identify patterns across all SMEs.FindingsThis study found that unlike multinational corporations, internationally oriented Greek SMEs adopt a more inclusive approach to TM practices as well as that the country's institutional context presented important yet not deterministic hurdles. The authors also found that SMEs adopt an opportunistic approach to talent acquisition by utilising appropriate available sources to reach out for available talent. The authors provided evidence that SMEs adopt a hybrid approach to talent development in addressing talent scarcity. Finally, this study reported that talent retention is significantly appreciated by SMEs, who offer a range of intrinsic and extrinsic incentives to retain their talented workforce.Practical implicationsThis study provides stakeholders with insights into how effective TM practices can be considered a lifeline to organisational sustainability – particularly for SMEs in the contemporary challenging and fiercely competitive business environment. It also highlights the potential of inclusive TM practices to be part of an effective workforce management strategy: Relative to the prevailing institutional dynamic, stakeholders (policymakers and human resource practitioners) must engage in the multiple areas of individual talent acquisition, development and retention.Originality/valueIn a context of reforms, this study reports on TM practice in internationally oriented Greek SMEs. The authors also add to the literature on TM in SMEs by providing evidence on the conceptualisation and management of global talent in this context.
Limited sink but large storage: Biomass dynamics in naturally developing beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus robur,Quercus petraea) forests of north‐western Germany
Authors: Meyer Peter , Nagel Rouven , Feldmann Eike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCurrently, the dynamics underlying the storage and acquisition of biomass, and thus carbon, in naturally developing forests are under debate. A better understanding of the biomass dynamics of forests is needed to clarify the role played by naturally developing forests in the mitigation of climate change.Long‐term monitoring data from unmanaged strict forest reserves (SFRs) in north‐western Germany were used to analyse the biomass dynamics of pure beech, mixed beech and mixed oak forests. A complete balance of above‐ground woody biomass (biomass) and growth, density‐dependent and ‐independent mortality, as well as deadwood decay was derived. Density‐independent mortality served as a proxy for disturbance severity.After a time since abandonment (TSA) of 50 years, the average biomass ranged between 334 t/ha in mixed oak and 478 t/ha in pure beech stands. The net change in biomass was positive in all forest types. Density‐independent mortality and decay rates were much lower than the growth rates. Pure beech forests reached higher levels of biomass, a higher net change in biomass, and more growth than either of the mixed forest types. Biomass increased linearly with TSA in pure beech stands but followed an asymptotic course in the mixed forests. In the latter, the net change in biomass and growth were consistent with a unimodal development pattern. The development of biomass could not be explained by the ageing of the tree communities.Synthesis. We hypothesized that the observed biomass dynamics are a result of the interaction between resource supply within a limited growing space and the resource‐use efficiency of the tree stand in conjunction with disturbances. The still‐linear increase in the biomass of pure beech forests was assumed to reflect the high resource‐use efficiency of beech, especially its use of light. The above‐ground capacity of naturally developing broadleaved forests to store and acquire carbon is substantial. Accordingly, allowing broadleaved forests to develop naturally can contribute substantially to carbon storage and sequestration. However, our study also suggests that the above‐ground carbon sink decreases after several decades.
Mire plant diversity change over the last 10,000 years: Importance of isostatic land uplift, climate and local conditions
Authors: Blaus Ansis , Reitalu Triin , Poska Anneli , Vassiljev Jüri , Veski Siim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Mires or peatlands host unique biodiversity and provide many valuable ecosystem services. Mires often undergo different development phases during their evolution. Two mire phases that have clearly divergent hydrological regimes and characteristic biotas are minerotrophic fen and ombrotrophic bog. Open mires can be overgrown by trees and develop into peatland forests. Mire development trajectories are expected to be associated with three major factors—post‐glacial isostatic uplift, autogenic succession and climate‐induced changes. Understanding long‐term mire development is important for the conservation planning of these threatened habitats.

We use data from modern pollen samples to characterize differences between the pollen signal and to identify indicator pollen taxa for three mire development phases—open fens, forested fens and bogs. The modern reference samples are then used to support the interpretation of the sediment records in terms of mire development phases and related biodiversity changes in six mires within a 20 × 30 km area in western Saaremaa, Estonia. Palynological richness and phylogenetic diversity (PD) as well as Ellenberg indicator values are compared throughout the 10,000‐year history of the Saaremaa mires.

Pollen of herbaceous taxa discriminates between open fens, forested fens and bogs, and indicator pollen taxa can be associated with each mire phase. In general, the fen phases of the mires show higher richness and PD than the bog phases but there is considerable variation between the sites. The mire diversity peaks are often associated with transitional periods when high local community heterogeneity allows the coexistence of high numbers of taxa from different phylogenetic lineages.

Synthesis. When the initiation of mires in isostatic land uplift areas is closely related to water‐level changes and the position of the sites in relation to the sea, the development of mires and their biodiversity in the late Holocene is associated with local conditions but mediated by climate. The ongoing rapid climate change is likely to accelerate changes in existing mires, and while the transitional periods are characterized by high diversity, these periods are temporary, and the overall diversity of mires can be expected to decrease.
Revisiting multi‐stage models for upstream technology adoption: Evidence from rapid generation advance in rice breeding
Authors: Lenaerts Bert , de Mey Yann , Demont Matty 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdoption of new plant varieties has played a significant role in eradicating global hunger. Previous research has mainly focused on farmer adoption and impact of new crop varieties, although upstream adoption of technologies in plant breeding can generate substantial multiplier effects on downstream impacts. This study moves upstream in the innovation system to generate policy advice on adoption and transfer of accelerated rice breeding technologies. More specifically, we assess the determinants of global adoption of rapid generation advance (RGA) through a sample of 158 rice breeders operating in various research institutes worldwide. Moving upstream in the innovation system has important theoretical and empirical implications due to the smaller number of decision‐making units in the adoption process and the increasing role of institutional and managerial factors that may overrule individual adoption motivations. We revisit multi‐stage models and devise the most robust estimation method that can be used in this situation. To generate insights on the impact of individual versus institutional adopter characteristics on upstream technology adoption, we juxtapose the response curves of the determinants of RGA adoption in rice breeding among alternative adoption stages, levels of conditionality and model specifications. Our findings confirm the importance of institutional and managerial factors and suggest that adoption and transfer of breeding technologies require breeding institutes to provide an enabling environment in which breeders are encouraged to take risks and are given sufficient freedom to experiment with and implement new technologies.
The Pediatric Emergency Research Network (PERN): A decade of global research cooperation in paediatric emergency care
Authors: Klassen Terry P , Dalziel Stuart R , Babl Franz E , Benito Javier , Bressan Silvia , Chamberlain James , Chang Todd P , Freedman Stephen B , Kohn Loncarica Guillermo , Lyttle Mark D , Mintegi Santiago , Mistry Rakesh D , Nigrovic Lise E , Oostenbrink Rianne , Plint Amy C , Rino Pedro , Roland Damian , Van de Mosselaer Greg , Kuppermann Nathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe Pediatric Emergency Research Network (PERN) was launched in 2009 with the intent for existing national and regional research networks in paediatric emergency care to organise globally for the conduct of collaborative research across networks.MethodsPERN has grown from five to eight member networks over the past decade. With an executive committee comprising representatives from all member networks, PERN plays a supportive and collaborative rather than governing role. The full impact of PERN's facilitation of international collaborative research, although somewhat difficult to quantify empirically, can be measured indirectly by the observed growth of the field, the nature of the increasingly challenging research questions now being addressed and the collective capacity to generate and implement new knowledge in treating acutely ill and injured children.ResultsBeginning as a pandemic response studying H1N1 influenza risk factors in children, PERN research has progressed to multiple observational studies and ongoing global randomised controlled trials (RCTs). As a recent example, PERN has developed sufficient network infrastructure to enable the rapid initiation of a prospective observational study in response to the current COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsFollowing its success with developing global research, the PERN goal now is to promote the implementation of scientific advances into everyday clinical practice by: (i) expanding the capacity for global RCTs; (ii) deepening the focus on implementation science; (iii) increasing attention to healthcare disparities; and (iv) expanding PERN's reach into resource‐restricted regions. Through these actions, PERN aims to meet the needs of acutely ill and injured children throughout the world.
COVID‐19 and the uncertain future of HRM: Furlough, job retention and reform
Authors: Stuart Mark , Spencer David A. , McLachlan Christopher J. , Forde Chris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe article argues that job retention should be a central aim and practice of human resource management (HRM). Set against the global COVID‐19 crisis, theoretical insights are drawn from strategic HRM planning and the economics of ‘labour hoarding’ to consider the potential benefits of workforce furloughing. Furlough has been supported in the UK by the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, which represents a novel, but temporary, state‐led shift from the UK's market‐orientated restructuring regime. We argue that the withdrawal of state‐financed furlough may mean a quick return in UK firms to the management of redundancy. Yet, if the crisis is to generate any benefit it must create the conditions for a more collaborative HRM that delivers for workers as well as business, with job retention as a core priority. While change in this direction will mean confronting deep‐rooted challenges—such as job security, good work and worker voice—such change remains vital in creating better and healthier workplaces.
Review article: time to revisit Child‐Pugh score as the basis for predicting drug clearance in hepatic impairment
Authors: El‐Khateeb Eman , Darwich Adam S. , Achour Brahim , Athwal Varinder , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundPrescription information for many drugs entering the market lacks dosage guidance for hepatic impairment. Dedicated studies for assessing the fate of drugs in hepatic impairment commonly stratify patients using Child‐Pugh score. Child‐Pugh is a prognostic clinical score with limitations in reflecting the liver's metabolic capacity.AimsTo demonstrate the need for better drug dosing approaches in hepatic impairment, summarise the current status, identify knowledge gaps related to drug kinetic parameters in hepatic impairment, propose solutions for predicting the liver disease impact on drug exposure and discuss barriers to dosing guidance in those patients.MethodsRelevant reports on dosage adjustment in hepatic impairment were analysed concerning the prediction of the impairment impact on drug kinetics using physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling.ResultsPBPK models are suggested as a potential framework to understand drug clearance changes in hepatic impairment. Quantifying changes in abundance and activity of drug‐metabolising enzymes and transporters, understanding the impact of shunting, and accounting for interindividual variations in drug absorption could help in extending the success of these models in hepatically‐impaired populations. These variables might not correlate with Child‐Pugh score as a whole. Therefore, new metabolic activity markers, imaging techniques and other scoring systems are proposed to either support or substitute Child‐Pugh score.ConclusionsMany physiological changes in hepatic impairment determining the fate of drugs do not necessarily correlate with Child‐Pugh score. Quantifying these changes in individual patients is essential in future hepatic impairment studies. Further studies assessing Child‐Pugh alternatives are recommended to allow better prediction of drug exposure.