bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten‐year follow‐up of patient‐centered comprehensive care using case completion curriculum
Authors: Park Sang E. 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient‐based comprehensive model in the student teaching practice at Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) as a result of the case completion curriculum. The patient‐centered assessment system was implemented in 2009 as a clinical reform in clinical education to redirect predoctoral clinical learning from a student requirement‐driven assessment system to a patient‐centered treatment delivery model.MethodsThe sample for the 10‐year retrospective cohort study consisted of the graduating classes of 2010 through 2019 at HSDM and all data regarding case completion and student feedback were obtained from the Office of Dental Education.ResultsThe average number of completed cases by the predoctoral graduating class has risen from 22.8 in 2010 to 33.26 in 2019, and as a result, the number of completed cases required for graduation has been adjusted twice, from 15 to 20 in 2012, and from 20 to 25 including two pediatric cases in 2018.ConclusionThe redesigned clinical component of the curriculum can contribute to improved efforts in providing a patient‐based comprehensive care environment and in helping broaden student learning experience in the predoctoral dental education program.
Machine Learning‐Based Integration of Prognostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers for Myometrial Invasion Stratification in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ortega Alejandro , Alegre Alberto , Lago Víctor , Carot‐Sierra José Miguel , Ten‐Esteve Amadeo , Montoliu Guillermina , Domingo Santiago , Alberich‐Bayarri Ángel , Martí‐Bonmatí Luis 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundEstimation of the depth of myometrial invasion (MI) in endometrial cancer is pivotal in the preoperatively staging. Magnetic resonance (MR) reports suffer from human subjectivity. Multiparametric MR imaging radiomics and parameters may improve the diagnostic accuracy.PurposeTo discriminate between patients with MI ≥ 50% using a machine learning‐based model combining texture features and descriptors from preoperatively MR images.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred forty‐three women with endometrial cancer were included. The series was split into training (n = 107, 46 with MI ≥ 50%) and test (n = 36, 16 with MI ≥ 50%) cohorts.Field Strength/SequencesFast spin echo T2‐weighted (T2W), diffusion‐weighted (DW), and T1‐weighted gradient echo dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) sequences were obtained at 1.5 or 3 T magnets.AssessmentTumors were manually segmented slice‐by‐slice. Texture metrics were calculated from T2W and ADC map images. Also, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), wash‐in slope, wash‐out slope, initial area under the curve at 60 sec and at 90 sec, initial slope, time to peak and peak amplitude maps from DCE sequences were obtained as parameters. MR diagnostic models using single‐sequence features and a combination of features and parameters from the three sequences were built to estimate MI using Adaboost methods. The pathological depth of MI was used as gold standard.Statistical TestArea under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, precision and recall were computed to assess the Adaboost models performance.ResultsThe diagnostic model based on the features and parameters combination showed the best performance to depict patient with MI ≥ 50% in the test cohort (accuracy = 86.1% and AUROC = 87.1%). The rest of diagnostic models showed a worse accuracy (accuracy = 41.67%–63.89% and AUROC = 41.43%–63.13%).Data ConclusionThe model combining the texture features from T2W and ADC map images with the semi‐quantitative parameters from DW and DCE series allow the preoperative estimation of myometrial invasion.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 3
Different incidences of acute kidney injury (AKI) and outcomes in COVID‐19 patients with and without non‐azithromycin antibiotics: A retrospective study
Authors: Mousavi Movahed Seyed Majid , Akhavizadegan Hamed , Dolatkhani Fatemeh , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Aghajani Faezeh , Faghir Gangi Monireh , Ghazi Zahra , Ghasemi Hoomaan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn late December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus which caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was initiated. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was associated with higher severity and mortality of COVID‐19. We aimed to evaluate the effects of comorbidities and medications in addition to determining the association between AKI, antibiotics against coinfections (AAC) and outcomes of patients. We conducted a retrospective study on adult patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in a tertiary center. Our primary outcomes were the incidence rate of AKI based on comorbidities and medications. The secondary outcome was to determine mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and prolonged hospitalization by AKI and AAC. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression method was used to explore predictive effects of AKI and AAC on outcomes. Out of 854 included participants, 118 patients developed AKI in whom, 57 used AAC and 61 did not. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities in patients developed AKI. AAC, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, and corticosteroids had significant higher rate of administration in patients developed AKI. AAC were associated with higher deaths (odds ratio [OR] = 5.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3–8.78) and ICU admission (OR = 5.87; 95%CI: 2.81–12.27), while AKI had higher OR for prolonged hospitalization (3.37; 95%CI: 1.76–6.45). Both AKI and AAC are associated with poor prognosis of COVID‐19. Defining strict criteria regarding indications and types of antibiotics would help overcoming concomitant infections and minimizing related adverse events.
MMPs in tissues retrieved during surgery from patients with TMJ disorders relate to pain more than to radiological damage score
Authors: Ita Meagan E. , Ghimire Prabesh , Granquist Eric J. , Winkelstein Beth A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrofacial pain is among the most common chronic pain conditions and can result from temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) drive degeneration of TMJ tissues and likely mediate pain in TMJ disorders given their role in nociception. However, few studies have assessed MMPs in the TMJ innervated tissues nor in the context of pain. This study defined the extent of MMP‐1, MMP‐9, and MMP‐2 in TMJ tissues from patients undergoing total joint replacement (TJR) or arthroplasty discectomy for painful TMJ disorders. Protein expression was probed by Western blot in TMJ disc and capsular ligaments taken during TJR (n = 6) or discectomy (n = 3) for osteoarthritis or internal derangement in an IRB‐approved study. Pro‐ and active MMP‐1, active MMP‐9, and pro‐ and active MMP‐2 are detectable. MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 correlate positively to each other (Kendall's τ = 0.63; p = 0.01), strengthening the hypothesis that they are mechanistically related in regulatory cascades. Active MMP‐1 and active MMP‐9 correlate positively with self‐reported pain scores (τ ≥ 0.51; p ≤ 0.04), suggesting their involvement in peripheral nociception. Overall, neither MMPs nor pain correlate with the functional vertical opening of the jaw. MMP‐1 varies with the observed stage of degeneration during surgery (p = 0.04). Neither overall MMPs nor pain correlate with the overall magnetic resonance imaging scores, corroborating the longstanding, but confounding, clinical observation that pain and radiological evidence of joint damage are not always related. Clinical significance: These findings suggest that MMPs mediate pain in innervated soft tissues and may be targets for diagnosing disease stage and treatments in painful TMJ disorders.
Improvement of nutrient bioavailability in millets: Emphasis on the application of enzymes
Authors: Tharifkhan Shan Ahamed , Perumal Anand Babu , Elumalai Arunkumar , Moses Jeyan Arthur , Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMillets are a traditional staple food of the dryland regions of the world and are rich in essential nutrients like protein, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and dietary fiber. Also, millets commonly synthesize a range of secondary metabolites to protect themselves against adverse conditions. These factors are collectively termed anti‐nutritional factors and the existence of these factors in millets might reduce the accessibility of the nutrients in humans. Some of these factors include protease inhibitors, tannins, non‐starch polysaccharides‐glucans, phytates, and oxalates each of which might directly or indirectly affect the digestibility of nutrients. Methods like soaking, germination, autoclaving, debranning, and the addition of exogenous enzymes have been used to reduce the anti‐nutritional factors and elevate the bioavailability of the nutrients. This review summarizes various methods that have been used to improve nutrient bioavailability, specifically emphasizing the use of enzymes to improve nutrient bioavailability from millets. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subacute safety assessment of recombinant Lactococcus lactis on the gut microbiota of male Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Chen Guowei , Yang Zixin , Cao Chunting , Xiao Xue , Huang Yadong , Tian Lingmin , Bai Weibin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLactococcus lactis strain pGSMT/MG1363 is a genetically modified microorganism (GMM) that constitutively expresses human metallothionein‐I fusion protein to combine with intracellular lead. Unlike traditional probiotics, pGSMT/MG1363 lacks a history of safe use in food. Administration of microorganism could influence the gut microbial community and consequently confer health benefits or cause disadvantages to the host. To date, little has been done to assess the influence of recombinant strain pGSMT/MG1363 on the stability of gut microbiota.RESULTSLiver, testis and kidney sections of male Sprague–Dawley rats orally administered pGSMT/MG1363 for 6 weeks showed normal structure and no pathological damage. There were no adverse effects on the analyzed serum biochemical parameters between the pGSMT/MG1363 group and the MG1363 group. Principal coordinate analysis showed that, compared with the MG1363 group, the 6‐week‐old fecal gut microbiota of rats fed with pGSMT/MG1363 was not significantly different (Adonis, P = 0.802). pGSMT/MG1363 treatment for 6 weeks did not significantly change the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum and genus levels in comparison with MG1363 treatment.CONCLUSIONCompared to the non‐GM strain MG1363 group, administration of the recombinant strain pGSMT/MG1363 for 6 weeks showed no adverse effects on the analyzed physiological parameters and gut microbial compositions of male Sprague–Dawley rats. The results suggested that, in terms of gut microbiota stability, pGSMT/MG1363 could be considered as safe as MG1363, at least for short‐term intake. Further toxicological evaluations still need to be considered before drawing a definite conclusion concerning the safe use of pGSMT/MG1363. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prediction of mechanical extraction oil yield of new sunflower hybrids: artificial neural network model
Authors: Lužaić Tanja , Romanić Ranko , Grahovac Nada , Jocić Siniša , Cvejić Sandra , Hladni Nada , Pezo Lato 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSunflower seeds are in the top five most abundant oilseeds in the world, as well as sunflower oil in the edible oils group. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to cold‐pressed sunflower oil because less processing is involved and no solvent is used. The present study was carried out to investigate dimensions (length, width, thickness), firmness, general (moisture content and hull content, mass of 1000 seeds), gravimetric (true and bulk density, porosity) and geometric characteristics (equivalent diameter, surface area, seed volume, sphericity) of 20 new sunflower hybrid seeds. Steps to determine most of these parameters are quite simple and easy since the process does not require long time or special equipment.RESULTSPrincipal component analysis and cluster analysis confirmed differences in the mentioned characteristics between oily and confectionary sunflower hybrid seeds. One of the major differences between two groups of samples was in extraction oil yield. Mechanical extraction oil yield of the oily hybrid seeds was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher (from 68.72 ± 4.21% to 75.61 ± 1.99%) compared to confectionary hybrids (from 20.10 ± 2.82% to 39.91 ± 6.23%). Extraction oil yield values are known only after oil extraction.CONCLUSIONKnowledge of the extraction oil yield value before the mechanical extraction enables better management of the process. By application of the artificial neural network approach, an optimal neural network model was developed. The developed model showed a good generalization capability to predict the mechanical extraction oil yield of new sunflower hybrids based on the experimental data, which was a main goal of this paper. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polarization‐independent liquid crystal‐based refractive index sensor
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Zhan Tao , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA polarization‐independent refractive index (RI) sensor with a sensitivity of 50 nm/RIU is demonstrated. The proposed RI sensor simply consists of a liquid crystal (LC) polymeric polarization grating film and one glass substrate. The wavelength shift over the RI of the surrounding medium is investigated through anisotropic rigorous coupled‐wave analysis. Such an LC‐based polarization‐independent RI sensor not only enables the usage of an unpolarized light source but also manifests a high sensitivity, offering great potential for the integration with display systems.
Development of ultrasound‐assisted centrifugal extraction combined with two countercurrent chromatography systems for the simultaneous extraction and isolation of phytochemicals
Authors: Zhang Yuchi , Liu Ruoyao , Liu Chunming , Li Sainan , Hou Wanchao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe proposed a method for the extraction of medicinal herbs, called ultrasound‐assisted centrifugal extraction, and an online solvent concentration method. These techniques were coupled with two countercurrent chromatography systems and applied to the continuous extraction and online isolation of chemical constituents from Inonotus obliquus. Raw plants were extracted using a two‐phase petroleum–ethanol–water (2.0:1.0:2.0, v/v/v) process, and then the aqueous and organic phases were concentrated using the proposed online solvent concentrator. The countercurrent chromatography preparation prior to separation includes pumping of the two‐phase solution, rotating column, and equilibrium column. Following online concentration, the extracted solution was pumped into a second countercurrent chromatography process for separation. During separation, the extraction solution and concentrated extract were prepared automatically. Upon completion of the first cycle of ultrasound‐assisted centrifugal extraction/two countercurrent chromatography, the second cycle experiment starts. This process can be indefinitely repeated. In this study, six target compounds with purities above 97.71% were successfully extracted and isolated online using a two‐phase solvent system consisting of n‐hexane‐ethyl acetate‐acetonitrile (4.5:1.5:5.5, v/v/v) and n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (0.4:3.0:1.5:2.5, v/v/v/v). Compared to conventional extraction methods, the instrumental setup of the proposed method provides enhanced automation, efficiency, purity, and systematic extraction and isolation of natural products.
Estimating Sightability for Helicopter Surveys Using Surrogates of White‐Tailed Deer
Authors: DYAL JORDAN R. , Miller Karl V. , Cherry Michael J. , D'Angelo Gino J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTOn large management units where terrain allows observation of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the air, helicopter surveys may provide managers with cost‐effective and accurate estimates of population abundance; however, imperfect detection of deer introduces negative bias. This can result in potentially inappropriate management recommendations (e.g., harvest prescriptions). Sightability estimators are designed to model detection heterogeneity based on factors that affect observer detection of target animals. Sightability models are widely used to estimate ungulate abundance; however, previous researchers have developed sightability models using radio‐collared animals, potentially introducing bias during model development attributed to unaccounted for movement between initial and follow‐up flights. Therefore, our objectives were to model detection probability using surrogates of white‐tailed deer as a function of covariates including distance from transect, vegetative obstruction, and light conditions to improve population estimates derived from helicopter surveys and apply our final sightability model in operational helicopter surveys. We conducted our study in 2019 on a 399.4‐km2 study area within a 1,210‐km2 cattle ranch in central Florida, USA. We placed 3‐dimensional archery targets as surrogates for white‐tailed deer at assigned locations unknown to observers across a combination of stratified bins of vegetative obstruction and distances from the transect. Our top model indicated that distance from the transect and vegetative obstruction negatively affected detection of deer. Detection probability on the flight transect ranged from 0.95 (95% CI = 0.89–0.98) for vegetative obstruction 0–25% and distance from transect 0–25 m to 0.05 (95% CI = 0.01–0.18) for vegetative obstruction 76–100% and distance from transect 100–125 m. We applied our sightability model to operational surveys on 3 units, which produced population estimates averaging 26% higher than those derived from uncorrected counts. Observers simultaneously recorded live deer during operational flights, of which 60% of deer groups were observed while stationary. Our methods using stationary surrogates to develop region‐specific sightability models could be used in other study areas to account for imperfect detection of white‐tailed deer. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Crop yield and soil organic carbon under ridge–furrow cultivation in China: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yunqi , Gao Fuli , Wang Lixin , Guo Tongji , Qi Liuran , Zeng Huanyu , Liang Yuexin , Zhang Kai , Jia Zhikuan , Zhang Rui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRidge–furrow cultivation (RF) is a popular emerging technique that can increase crop productivity in dry areas. However, the efficacy of RF on crop yield and soil organic carbon (SOC) remains uncertain under different climate and management conditions. Here, we compiled data from 48 publications to evaluate the response of yield and SOC to RF in China. Overall, our meta‐analysis showed that RF increased yield by 30.2%, but it had no effects on SOC. When differentiated based on different categories, yield and SOC varied by crop species, climate, soil textures, mulching management, and ridge–furrow patterns. RF increased the yield of wheat, maize, soybean, rape, linseed, potato, and SOC under soybean cultivation. Yield increase with RF was also consistent across temperature and precipitation. Yield increase was observed in all the soil textures. There were no RF effects on SOC under different soil textures. RF enhanced yields under no mulching, straw mulching and plastic film mulching, but increased SOC only in combination with straw mulching. A higher yield increase was observed under alternating small and large ridges (ASLR) than alternating ridges and furrows (AR). RF decreased SOC by 11.7% under AR, but had no effects on SOC under ASLR. Together, ASLR with straw mulching could increase yield and SOC in coarse soil texture regions with annual mean temperature >10°C and annual mean precipitation > 400 mm. This study showed the importance of considering local environmental conditions with management practices in identifying appropriate RF practices for improving crop productivity and soil carbon sequestration.
Remote sensing‐based biological and nonbiological indices for evaluating desertification in Iran: Image versus field indices
Authors: Jafari Reza , Abedi Maedeh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMapping and monitoring of the complex process of desertification based on ground data in broad arid and semiarid areas faces basic limitations. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to propose a new method for mapping this phenomenon in central Iran using biological and nonbiological (BNB) indices of remote sensing products from 2003 to 2016. For this purpose, BNB indices including normalized difference vegetation index, land surface temperature, temperature vegetation dryness index, precipitation, evapotranspiration, net primary production, rain use efficiency (RUE), aridity index, and slope were extracted using MOD13A2, MOD11A2, PERSIANN‐CDR, and SRTM products. After calibration and normalization of indices, they were combined using fuzzy logic and gamma operator and the combined 2003 map was validated by MEDALUS model map prepared based on ground data in 2003 using Pearson correlation and error matrix. Results showed more than 70% correlation (p < .001) as well as overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of more than 70% and 0.5 between remote sensing‐based and MEDALUS‐based desertification maps. According to the 2003 and 2016 maps, desertification classes including low, moderate, severe, and very severe changed from 11.9, 49.8, 34, and 4.1% to 11.11, 43.21, 40.43, and 5.24%, respectively, which indicate increasing trend of desertification in the region. The findings demonstrate the high capability of proposed method to map and monitor desertification classes. Therefore, it can be used to update existing desertification models and to report desertification condition and its positive and negative trends at local, national, and international levels.
Laser‐Assisted Hyaluronic Acid Delivery by Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser in Facial Skin Remodeling: A Prospective Randomized Split‐Face Study in France
Authors: Benzaquen Michael , Fongue Jessica , Pauly Vanessa , Collet‐Villette Anne‐Marie 
Published: April 2021

Background and ObjectivesCombining the efficacy of ablative fractional carbon dioxide lasers (AFXL) to laser‐assisted hyaluronic acid delivery (LAHAD) has not yet been studied. The objective of our study was to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of laser‐assisted hyaluronic acid (HA) delivery with AFXL in facial skin remodeling.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe conducted a prospective, double‐blinded, randomized split‐face study on 20 patients from 30 to 70 years old, with a skin phototype from I to IV. Each patient received full‐face treatment with AFXL, immediately followed by the application in droplets into the fractional ablative tunnels of 1 ml of HA gel on one hemiface and 1 ml of physiological saline on the other hemiface. To evaluate postlaser aftermath, the intensity of erythema, edema, and crusts was graded. To assess facial skin remodeling, we scored the improvement of skin texture, firmness, fine lines, and skin radiance from baseline. Patients were evaluated on the 3rd and 7th day, 1st and 3rd month using clinical evaluations, photographs, and patient questionnaires.ResultsWe showed equivalence in postlaser aftermath between HA‐treated and nontreated hemiface. Trend data analyses at the 3rd month suggested that immediate application of HA after AFXL resulted in a greater improvement in facial skin remodeling, especially for skin texture (mean score of 2.60 vs. 2.45) and skin firmness (mean score of 2.55 vs. 2.40). Skin radiance showed the best improvement, reaching almost a score of 5/10.ConclusionsLAHAD with AFXL is a safe treatment showing promising results in facial skin remodeling. These findings need to be confirmed by a larger study to evaluate the value of LAHAD in daily clinical practice. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC