bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grenzüberschreitende multimodale Güterbeförderung in der EU: Internationale Gerichtszuständigkeit und anwendbares Vertragsrecht – Ein Überblick
Authors: Laimer Simon 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungEine nachhaltigere Gestaltung des Verkehrssektors stellt, nicht zuletzt auch mit Blick auf die Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzabkommens, ein zentrales Anliegen der EU-Verkehrspolitik dar. Dabei ist ein wesentliches Element der EU-Strategie für eine umweltfreundliche Mobilität – etwa neben der Steigerung der Effizienz des Verkehrssystems durch Digitalisierung – vor allem eine bedeutende Verlagerung des Güterverkehrs von der Straße auf emissionsärmere Verkehrsträger wie insbesondere den Schienenverkehr. Damit sind Umweltschutzziele, aber auch die erstrebte Entlastung der Straßenverkehrswege gemeinsam mit der immer weiter reichenden Einführung von normierten Transportgefäßen (speziell der Containerverkehr) ganz wesentliche Gründe dafür, dass Gütertransportvorgänge zunehmend durch eine Aufeinanderfolge verschiedener Transportmittel gekennzeichnet sind. Nachdem der betroffene Rechtsbereich wirtschaftlich stark grenzüberschreitend ausgerichtet ist, werden in diesem Beitrag jene besonderen Fragen für Gütertransporte innerhalb der EU in den Mittelpunkt gestellt, die speziell mit Blick auf Haftungsstreitigkeiten aus dem multimodalen Beförderungsvertrag dann auftreten, wenn der Übernahmeort des Gutes und der Ort der Ablieferung in zwei verschiedenen Staaten liegen oder ggf. auch dann gelöst werden müssen, wenn die Vertragsparteien ihre Niederlassungen in unterschiedlichen Staaten haben.
Produkthaftung für autonome Fahrzeuge
Authors: Koch Bernhard A. 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Produkthaftungsrichtlinie (PHRL) ist dringend korrekturbedürftig, um den aktuellen Anforderungen einer bereits geänderten Realität zu entsprechen. Insbesondere muss klargestellt werden, ob Software und andere digitale Inhalte Produkte im Sinne der Richtlinie sind. Dies soll am Beispiel der autonomen Fahrzeuge gezeigt werden.
Der Brennerkorridor – eine europäische Dimension für Mobilität und Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Brennerkorridor wird entlang des Alpenbogens am stärksten durch den Güterverkehr belastet. Er ist Teil des europäischen über 9600 km langen Scan-Med-Korridors von Helsinki bis Valletta. Derzeit wird dort die weltlängste unterirdische Eisenbahnverbindung mit dem 64 km langen Brenner Basistunnel und den Zulaufstrecken im Norden und Süden gebaut. Diese Infrastrukturen sind Voraussetzung für eine Verlagerung des Güterverkehrs von der Straße (heute über 70 %) auf die Schiene. Europa unterstützt den Bau dieser Infrastrukturen und hat mit dem „green deal“ und der Treibhausgasneutralität bis 2050 eine neue Epoche in der Nachhaltigkeit ausgerufen. Deshalb müssen sowohl beim Bau als auch beim Betrieb konkrete Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der Emissionen und zur Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeit getroffen werden, wie dies im Beitrag aufgezeigt wird. Mit verkehrspolitischen Maßnahmen zur Benutzung der Bahn und unter Einbezug der Wasserstoff-Technologie aus lokaler erneuerbarer Energie und emissionsfreien Fahrzeugen kann der grüne Brennerkorridor schrittweise Realität werden.
Point-of-care human milk testing for maternal secretor status
Authors: Chung Saeromi , Bode Lars , Hall Drew A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present an electrochemical impedimetric-based biosensor for monitoring the variation in human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition. 2′-Fucosyllactose (2’FL) is an HMO associated with infant growth, cognitive development, and protection from infectious diarrhea, one of the major causes of infant death worldwide. Due to genetic variation, the milk of some women (non-secretors) contains no or very little 2′FL with potential implications for infant health and development. However, there is currently no technology to analyze the presence and concentration of HMOs in human milk at the point-of-care (POC). The lack of such technology represents a major impediment to advancing human milk research and improving maternal-infant health. Towards this unmet need, we report an impedimetric assay for HMOs with an α-1,2 linkage, the most abundant of which is 2′FL. The sensor uses a lectin for affinity, specifically Ulex europaeus﻿agglutininI (UEA), with electrochemical readout. In spiked studies, the sensor exhibited a high degree of linearity (R2 = 0.991) over 0.5 to 3.0 μM with a 330-nM detection limit. The sensor performance was clinically validated using banked human milk samples and correctly identified all secretor vs. non-secretor samples. Furthermore, despite the short 35-min assay time and low sample volume (25 μL), the assay was highly correlated with HPLC measurements. This bedside human milk testing assay enables POC, “sample-to-answer” quantitative HMO measurement, and will be a valuable tool to assess milk composition.
Graphical abstract
A Central Composite Design in increasing the quercetin content in the aqueous onion waste isolates with antifungal and antioxidant properties
Authors: Wianowska Dorota , Olszowy-Tomczyk Małgorzata , Garbaczewska Sylwia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, to increase the content of quercetin in the isolates obtained from the white and red onion scales, in accordance with the zero waste philosophy, using water as an environmentally and healthy friendly extractant, a mathematical model was constructed, based on the Central Composite Design. The suitability of the model for the accurate and quick study of complex relationships was demonstrated by obtaining a statistically insignificant difference in the yield predicted by the model and that determined experimentally under optimal extraction conditions, i.e., 44.14 mg/g (33.57 mg/g) and 45.54 mg/g (33.31 mg/g) for white (red) onion scales, respectively. To present the obtained isolates applicability, their biological activity was assessed in terms of antioxidant activity and antifungal activity against various fungi, showing properties that are sufficient to encourage the use of this material, previously treated as worthless waste, for the production of various functional ingredients, including functional food additives. Moreover, they can be also used to produce safe and effective protectants meeting the GRAS criteria.
Differences in Postoperative Pain, Nausea, and Vomiting After Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Mexican Women
Authors: Medina‐Diaz‐Cortés Guillermo , Brancaccio‐Pérez Irma Valeria , Esparza‐Estrada Isaac , Barbosa‐Camacho Francisco José , Fuentes‐Orozco Clotilde , González‐Hernández Paola Guadalupe , Chejfec‐Ciociano Jonathan Matías , Ramírez‐Sánchez Marco Vinicio , Sánchez‐López Veronica Alexandra , Cortés‐Flores Ana Olivia , Álvarez‐Villaseñor Andrea Socorro , Chávez‐Tostado Mariana , Cervantes‐Pérez Enrique , Cervantes‐Guevara Gabino , Cervantes‐Cardona Guillermo Alonso , González‐Ojeda Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative symptoms and pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) are common in women. However, there is no evidence of differences in incidence and severity among different age groups. We evaluated whether adverse postoperative symptoms were more common in younger than in older women after LC.MethodsOne hundred and fifty premenopausal (mean age 37.6 ± 3.6 y) and 145 postmenopausal women (59 ± 5.2 y) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Clinical and anthropometric parameters were analyzed. Study endpoints were the incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain, and the additional analgesics and antiemetics needed after surgery.ResultsBody mass index was normal in 42.7% of patients in the younger group and 64.8% in the older group (P < 0.001). Reported pain was more frequent and intense in the younger group throughout the study period (P < 0.01). Additional narcotics were required in 18% of premenopausal versus 7.6% of postmenopausal women (P = 0.001), and the doses used to reduce pain were higher for premenopausal women (P = 0.02). PONV was more frequent in the younger group at 1 and 6 h after surgery (P < 0.005). Rescue antiemetics were required in 29 premenopausal and 13 postmenopausal women (P = 0.01). Hospital stay was shorter for the older patients (P = 0.01). Minor morbidity was observed in both groups (0.7% and 2.1%). There was no mortality.ConclusionsEarly PONV and pain after LC were more frequent in premenopausal women, who also required more rescue analgesic and antiemetic medication.
Sorghum genetic, genomic, and breeding resources
Authors: Xin Zhanguo , Wang Mingli , Cuevas Hugo E. , Chen Junping , Harrison Melanie , Pugh N. Ace , Morris Geoffrey 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Sorghum research has entered an exciting and fruitful era due to the genetic, genomic, and breeding resources that are now available to researchers and plant breeders.

Abstract
As the world faces the challenges of a rising population and a changing global climate, new agricultural solutions will need to be developed to address the food and fiber needs of the future. To that end, sorghum will be an invaluable crop species as it is a stress-resistant C4 plant that is well adapted for semi-arid and arid regions. Sorghum has already remained as a staple food crop in many parts of Africa and Asia and is critically important for animal feed and niche culinary applications in other regions, such as the United States. In addition, sorghum has begun to be developed into a promising feedstock for forage and bioenergy production. Due to this increasing demand for sorghum and its potential to address these needs, the continuous development of powerful community resources is required. These resources include vast collections of sorghum germplasm, high-quality reference genome sequences, sorghum association panels for genome-wide association studies of traits involved in food and bioenergy production, mutant populations for rapid discovery of causative genes for phenotypes relevant to sorghum improvement, gene expression atlas, and online databases that integrate all resources and provide the sorghum community with tools that can be used in breeding and genomic studies. Used in tandem, these valuable resources will ensure that the rate, quality, and collaborative potential of ongoing sorghum improvement efforts is able to rival that of other major crops.
Single-port transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy (START): 200-cases with two-step retraction method
Authors: Kim Jin Kyong , Choi Sun Hyung , Choi Soon Min , Choi Hye Ryeon , Lee Cho Rok , Kang Sang-Wook , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chung Woong Youn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
This study aims to report the results of a pioneering clinical study using the single-port transaxillary robotic thyroidectomy (START) for 200 patients with thyroid tumor and to introduce our novel two-step retraction method.

Methods
START was performed on consecutive 200 patients using the da Vinci Single-Port (SP) robot system from January 2019 to September 2020 at the Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea. The novel two-step retraction technique, in which a 3.5 cm long incision is made along the natural skin crease, was used for the latter 164 patients. The surgical outcome and invasiveness of the SP two-step retraction method were analyzed.

Results
Among the 200 cases who underwent START, 198 were female and 2 were male, with a mean age of 34.7 (range: 13–58 years). Thyroid lobectomy was performed for 177 patients and total thyroidectomy was performed for 23 patients. Ten patients had benign thyroid nodules, whereas the other 190 had thyroid malignancy. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (range: 15.9–37.0 kg/m2). All of the operations were performed successfully without any open conversions, and patients were discharged on postoperative day 3 or 4 without significant complication. The mean operative time for thyroid lobectomy with the two-step retraction method was 116.69 ± 23.23 min, which was similar to that in the conventional robotic skin flap method (115.33 ± 17.29 min). We could minimize the extent of the robotic skin flap dissection with the two-step retraction method.

Conclusions
START is a practical surgical method. By employing the new two-step retraction method, we can maximize the cosmetic and functional benefits for patients and reduce the workload fatigue of surgeons by increasing robotic dependency.
Penehyclidine for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Wang Li-Kuan , Cheng Tong , Yang Xu-Dong , Xiong Guo-Li , Li Nan , Wang Dong-Xin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the efficacy and safety of low-dose bolus plus continuous infusion of penehyclidine in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) following bimaxillary surgery.

Methods
Three hundred fifty-four patients were randomly allocated into three groups. In the Control group, placebo (normal saline) was injected before anesthesia and infused over 48 h after surgery; in the Bolus group, 0.5 mg penehyclidine was injected before anesthesia, whereas placebo was infused after surgery; in the Infusion group, 0.25 mg penehyclidine were injected before anesthesia, another 0.25 mg penehyclidine was infused after surgery. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PONV within 72 h.

Results
A total of 353 patients were included in intention-to-treat analysis. The PONV incidence was 61.0% (72/118) in the Control group, 40.2% (47/117) in the Bolus group, and 28.0% (33/118) in the Infusion group. The incidence was significantly lower in the Bolus group than in the Control group (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51–0.86; adjusted P = 0.003) and in the Infusion group than in the Control group (RR 0.46; 95% CI 0.33–0.63; adjusted P < 0.001); the difference between the Infusion and Bolus groups was not statistically significant (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.48–1.00; adjusted P = 0.144). Emergence agitation occurred more frequently in the Bolus group than in the Control group (36.8% [43/117] vs. 21.2% [25/118], adjusted P = 0.027), but did not differ significantly between the Infusion and Control groups.

Conclusions
A low-dose bolus plus continuous infusion of penehyclidine was effective in preventing PONV without increasing emergence agitation.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT04454866.
Survival time and mortality rate of regeneration in the deep shade of a primeval beech forest
Authors: Petrovska R. , Bugmann H. , Hobi M. L. , Ghosh S. , Brang P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLow mortality rates and slow growth differentiate shade-tolerant from shade-intolerant species and define the survival strategy of juvenile trees growing in deep shade. While radial stem growth has been widely used to explain mortality in juvenile trees, the leaf area ratio (LAR), known to be a key component of shade tolerance, has been neglected so far. We assessed the effects of LAR, radial stem growth and tree height on survival time and the age-specific mortality rate of juvenile Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech), Acer pseudoplatanus L. (sycamore maple) and Acer platanoides L. (Norway maple) in a primeval beech forest (Ukraine). Aboveground and belowground biomass and radial stem growth were analysed for 289 living and 179 dead seedlings and saplings. Compared with the other species, F. sylvatica featured higher LAR, slower growth and a lower mortality rate. The average survival time of F. sylvatica juveniles (72 years) allows it to reach the canopy more often than its competitors in forests with low canopy turnover rate. In contrast, a combination of lower LAR, higher growth rate and higher age-specific mortality rate of the two Acer species resulted in their shorter survival times and thus render their presence in the canopy a rare event. Overall, this study suggests that shade tolerance, commonly defined as a relationship between sapling mortality and growth, can alternatively be formulated as a relationship between survival time and the interplay of growth and LAR.
A family of C1 quadrilateral finite elements
Authors: Kapl Mario , Sangalli Giancarlo , Takacs Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a novel family of C1 quadrilateral finite elements, which define global C1 spaces over a general quadrilateral mesh with vertices of arbitrary valency. The elements extend the construction by Brenner and Sung (J. Sci. Comput. 22(1-3), 83-118, 2005), which is based on polynomial elements of tensor-product degree p ≥ 6, to all degrees p ≥ 3. The proposed C1 quadrilateral is based upon the construction of multi-patch C1 isogeometric spaces developed in Kapl et al. (Comput. Aided Geometr. Des. 69, 55–75 2019). The quadrilateral elements possess similar degrees of freedom as the classical Argyris triangles, developed in Argyris et al. (Aeronaut. J. 72(692), 701–709 1968). Just as for the Argyris triangle, we additionally impose C2 continuity at the vertices. In contrast to Kapl et al. (Comput. Aided Geometr. Des. 69, 55–75 2019), in this paper, we concentrate on quadrilateral finite elements, which significantly simplifies the construction. We present macro-element constructions, extending the elements in Brenner and Sung (J. Sci. Comput. 22(1–3), 83–118 2005), for polynomial degrees p = 3 and p = 4 by employing a splitting into 3 × 3 or 2 × 2 polynomial pieces, respectively. We moreover provide approximation error bounds in $L^{\infty }$

L

∞

, L2, H1 and H2 for the piecewise-polynomial macro-element constructions of degree p ∈{3,4} and polynomial elements of degree p ≥ 5. Since the elements locally reproduce polynomials of total degree p, the approximation orders are optimal with respect to the mesh size. Note that the proposed construction combines the possibility for spline refinement (equivalent to a regular splitting of quadrilateral finite elements) as in Kapl et al. (Comput. Aided Geometr. Des. 69, 55–75 30) with the purely local description of the finite element space and basis as in Brenner and Sung (J. Sci. Comput. 22(1–3), 83–118 2005). In addition, we describe the construction of a simple, local basis and give for p ∈{3,4,5} explicit formulas for the Bézier or B-spline coefficients of the basis functions. Numerical experiments by solving the biharmonic equation demonstrate the potential of the proposed C1 quadrilateral finite element for the numerical analysis of fourth order problems, also indicating that (for p = 5) the proposed element performs comparable or in general even better than the Argyris triangle with respect to the number of degrees of freedom.
Damage and spatiotemporal dynamics of the Ngaio flat mite, Brevipalpus ferraguti (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae), with observations on the development of the female insemination system
Authors: Escobar-Garcia Hector Alonso , Ferragut Francisco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe studied the Ngaio flat mite, Brevipalpus ferraguti Ochoa & Beard, on Myoporum laetum (Scrophulariaceae), a common introduced plant used as hedgerows in gardens and green areas of the Mediterranean, where the mite causes considerable damage. We first describe the damage, and then the patterns of mite seasonal abundance and spatial distribution. Finally, we address the development of the female insemination system at the population level. Damage occurs on both sides of the leaves, starting with a uniform stippling and bronzing and ending in the leaves drying out and extensive defoliation that coincides with summer. Mite population peaked between June and August, maintained moderate levels in autumn and winter and reached its lowest density in early spring. Active motile immatures and eggs were present throughout the year. Females and motile immature forms were more abundant on the abaxial (lower) leaf surface, but eggs were deposited on both surfaces indistinctly, suggesting that females actively move to the adaxial (upper) surface in summer to oviposit. All the developmental stages were aggregated on the leaves throughout the year regardless of their population density. Our study suggests that a binomial or presence-absence sampling, examining only the number of females on the abaxial surface, can accurately estimate the total mite density levels. Only 23.5% of females possessed a fully developed spermatheca, whereas in 76.5% of the cases the seminal receptacle was not present or not developed. Females with a complete spermatheca were less abundant in summer. Average temperatures and host plant species affected the occurrence of this reproductive structure.
Remote Ischaemic Conditioning in STEMI Patients in Sub-Saharan AFRICA: Rationale and Study Design for the RIC-AFRICA Trial
Authors: Lukhna Kishal , Hausenloy Derek J. , Ali Abdelbagi Sidahmed , Bajaber Abdullah , Calver Alistair , Mutyaba Arthur , Mohamed Awad Abdalla , Kiggundu Brian , Chishala Chishala , Variava Ebrahim , Elmakki Ehab Ali , Ogola Elijah , Hamid Eltayeb , Okello Emmy , Gaafar Isam , Mwazo Keiran , Makotoko Makoali , Naidoo Mergan , Abdelhameed Mohamed Elhadi , Badri Motasim , van der Schyff Nasief , Abozaid Omaima , Xafis Paul , Giesz Sara , Gould Trevor , Welgemoed Waldo , Walker Malcolm , Ntsekhe Mpiko , Yellon Derek M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite evidence of myocardial infarct size reduction in animal studies, remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) failed to improve clinical outcomes in the large CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI trial. Potential reasons include that the predominantly low-risk study participants all received timely optimal reperfusion therapy by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Whether RIC can improve clinical outcomes in higher-risk STEMI patients in environments with poor access to early reperfusion or PPCI will be investigated in the RIC-AFRICA trial.

Methods
The RIC-AFRICA study is a sub-Saharan African multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial designed to test the impact of RIC on the composite endpoint of 30-day mortality and heart failure in 1200 adult STEMI patients without access to PPCI. Randomized participants will be stratified by whether or not they receive thrombolytic therapy within 12 h or arrive outside the thrombolytic window (12–24 h). Participants will receive either RIC (four 5-min cycles of inflation [20 mmHg above systolic blood pressure] and deflation of an automated blood pressure cuff placed on the upper arm) or sham control (similar protocol but with low-pressure inflation of 20 mmHg and deflation) within 1 h of thrombolysis and applied daily for the next 2 days. STEMI patients arriving greater than 24 h after chest pain but within 72 h will be recruited to participate in a concurrently running independent observational arm.

Conclusion
The RIC-AFRICA trial will determine whether RIC can reduce rates of death and heart failure in higher-risk sub-optimally reperfused STEMI patients, thereby providing a low-cost, non-invasive therapy for improving health outcomes.