bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine vision tool for facilitating the optimization of large-area perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Taherimakhsousi Nina , Fievez Mathilde , MacLeod Benjamin P. , Booker Edward P. , Fayard Emmanuelle , Matheron Muriel , Manceau Matthieu , Cros Stéphane , Berson Solenn , Berlinguette Curtis P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report a fast, reliable and non-destructive method for quantifying the homogeneity of perovskite thin films over large areas using machine vision. We adapt existing machine vision algorithms to spatially quantify multiple perovskite film properties (substrate coverage, film thickness, defect density) with pixel resolution from pictures of 25 cm2samples. Our machine vision tool—called PerovskiteVision—can be combined with an optical model to predict photovoltaic cell and module current density from the perovskite film thickness. We use the measured film properties and predicted device current density to identify a posteriori the process conditions that simultaneously maximize the device performance and the manufacturing throughput for large-area perovskite deposition using gas-knife assisted slot-die coating. PerovskiteVision thus facilitates the transfer of a new deposition process to large-scale photovoltaic module manufacturing. This work shows how machine vision can accelerate slow characterization steps essential for the multi-objective optimization of thin film deposition processes.
3D quantum Hall effects and nonlinear Hall effect
Authors: Li Shuai , Wang C. M. , Du Z. Z. , Qin Fang , Lu Hai-Zhou , Xie X. C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe classical and quantum Hall effects are important subjects in condensed matter physics. The emergent 3D quantum Hall effects and nonlinear Hall effect have attracted considerable interest recently, with the former elevating the quantum Hall effect to a higher dimension and the latter extending the Hall effect to higher-order responses. In this perspective, we briefly introduce these two new members of the Hall family and discuss the open questions and future research directions.
Abrupt climate changes in the last two deglaciations simulated with different Northern ice sheet discharge and insolation
Authors: Obase Takashi , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Saito Fuyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere were significant differences between the last two deglaciations, particularly in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and Antarctic warming in the deglaciations and the following interglacials. Here, we present transient simulations of deglaciation using a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model for the last two deglaciations focusing on the impact of ice sheet discharge on climate changes associated with the AMOC in the first part, and the sensitivity studies using a Northern Hemisphere ice sheet model in the second part. We show that a set of abrupt climate changes of the last deglaciation, including Bolling–Allerod warming, the Younger Dryas, and onset of the Holocene were simulated with gradual changes of both ice sheet discharge and radiative forcing. On the other hand, penultimate deglaciation, with the abrupt climate change only at the beginning of the last interglacial was simulated when the ice sheet discharge was greater than in the last deglaciation by a factor of 1.5. The results, together with Northern Hemisphere ice sheet model experiments suggest the importance of the transient climate and AMOC responses to the different orbital forcing conditions of the last two deglaciations, through the mechanisms of mass loss of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheet and meltwater influx to the ocean.
Andrographolide promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Arredondo Sebastian B. , Reyes Daniel T. , Herrera-Soto Andrea , Mardones Muriel D. , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. , Varela-Nallar Lorena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn Alzheimer´s disease (AD) there is a reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis that has been associated to cognitive deficits. Previously we showed that Andrographolide (ANDRO), the main bioactive component of Andrographis paniculate, induces proliferation in the hippocampus of the APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD as assessed by staining with the mitotic marker Ki67. Here, we further characterized the effect of ANDRO on hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice and evaluated the contribution of this process to the cognitive effect of ANDRO. Treatment of 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice with ANDRO for 4 weeks increased proliferation in the dentate gyrus as evaluated by BrdU incorporation. Although ANDRO had no effect on neuronal differentiation of newborn cells, it strongly increased neural progenitors, neuroblasts and newborn immature neurons, cell populations that were decreased in APP/PS1 mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. ANDRO had no effect on migration or in total dendritic length, arborization and orientation of immature neurons, suggesting no effects on early morphological development of newborn neurons. Finally, ANDRO treatment improved the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the object location memory task. This effect was not completely prevented by co-treatment with the anti-mitotic drug TMZ, suggesting that other effects of ANDRO in addition to the increase in neurogenesis might underlie the observed cognitive improvement. Altogether, our data indicate that in APP/PS1 mice ANDRO stimulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus by inducing proliferation of neural precursor cells and improves spatial memory performance.
Household visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ross Stuart , Breckenridge George , Zhuang Mengdie , Manley Ed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed novel risks related to the indoor mixing of individuals from different households and challenged policymakers to adequately regulate this behaviour. While in many cases household visits are necessary for the purpose of social care, they have been linked to broadening community transmission of the virus. In this study we propose a novel, privacy-preserving framework for the measurement of household visitation at national and regional scales, making use of passively collected mobility data. We implement this approach in England from January 2020 to May 2021. The measures expose significant spatial and temporal variation in household visitation patterns, impacted by both national and regional lockdown policies, and the rollout of the vaccination programme. The findings point to complex social processes unfolding differently over space and time, likely informed by variations in policy adherence, vaccine relaxation, and regional interventions.
Role of RIPK1 in SMAC mimetics-induced apoptosis in primary human HIV-infected macrophages
Authors: Caballero Ramon Edwin , Dong Simon Xin Min , Gajanayaka Niranjala , Ali Hamza , Cassol Edana , Cameron William D. , Korneluk Robert , Tremblay Michel J. , Angel Jonathan B. , Kumar Ashok 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMacrophages serve as viral reservoirs due to their resistance to apoptosis and HIV-cytopathic effects. We have previously shown that inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) confer resistance to HIV-Vpr-induced apoptosis in normal macrophages. Herein, we show that second mitochondrial activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics (SM) induce apoptosis of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected in vitro with a R5-tropic laboratory strain expressing heat stable antigen, chronically infected U1 cells, and ex-vivo derived MDMs from HIV-infected individuals. To understand the mechanism governing SM-induced cell death, we show that SM-induced cell death of primary HIV-infected macrophages was independent of the acquisition of M1 phenotype following HIV infection of macrophages. Instead, SM-induced cell death was found to be mediated by IAPs as downregulation of IAPs by siRNAs induced cell death of HIV-infected macrophages. Moreover, HIV infection caused receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) degradation which in concert with IAP1/2 downregulation following SM treatment may result in apoptosis of macrophages. Altogether, our results show that SM selectively induce apoptosis in primary human macrophages infected in vitro with HIV possibly through RIPK1. Moreover, modulation of the IAP pathways may be a potential strategy for selective killing of HIV-infected macrophages in vivo.
Galerkin finite element study for mixed convection (TiO2–SiO2/water) hybrid-nanofluidic flow in a triangular aperture heated beneath
Authors: Redouane Fares , Jamshed Wasim , Suriya Uma Devi S. , Prakash M. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Nasir Nor Ain Azeany Mohd , Khashan M. Motawi , Yahia I. S. , Eid Mohamed R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFluidity and thermal transport across the triangular aperture with lower lateral inlet and apply placed at the vertical outlet of the chamber which filled with efficient TiO2–SiO2/water hybrid nanofluid under the parametrical influence. Several parameters are tested like the numbers of Hartmann ($$0 \le Ha \le 100$$

0
≤
H
a
≤
100

), Richardson ($$0 \le Ri \le 5$$

0
≤
R
i
≤
5

), and Reynolds ($$10 \le Re \le 1000$$

10
≤
R
e
≤
1000

) were critiqued through streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number ($$Nu$$

Nu

). Numerical model has to be developed and solved through the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) by discretized with 13,569 triangular elements optimized through grid-independent analysis. The Hartmann number ($$Ha$$

Ha

), exerts minimal impact over the flow and thermal aspects while the other parameters significantly manipulate the physical nature of the flowing and thermal aspects behaviors.
Simultaneous Viscum pleurodesis and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) bullectomy in patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Jung Hee Suk , Kim Hyun Jung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough surgery is the gold standard for treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), recurrence after surgery remains a concern. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous pleurodesis using Viscum album (VA) extract and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) bullectomy for the treatment of PSP. From March 2016 to June 2020, 175 patients with PSP underwent bullectomy and intraoperative pleurodesis with VA extract at a single institution. All operations were performed through thoracoscopy by one surgeon. Upon completion of bullectomy, a polyglycolic acid sheet was used to cover the stapler lines, and 40 mg of VA extract was instilled over the entire chest wall before chest tube placement. The median operating time was 20 min (interquartile ranges, 15–30) and the median indwelling time of chest drainage was 2 days (interquartile ranges, 2–3). There were no postoperative complications over grade 3. During the median follow-up period of 38 months (interquartile ranges, 15–48), no recurrence of pneumothorax was observed. The results of this study demonstrated that simultaneous Viscum pleurodesis and VATS bullectomy provides a feasible and effective treatment option for preventing postoperative pneumothorax in patients with PSP.
Genome-wide analysis of autophagy-related genes in Medicago truncatula highlights their roles in seed development and response to drought stress
Authors: Yang Mingkang , Wang Liping , Chen Chumin , Guo Xu , Lin Chuanglie , Huang Wei , Chen Liang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAutophagy is a highly conserved process of degradation of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotes. It is involved in the growth and development of plants, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress response. Although autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, little is known about this process in Medicago truncatula. In this study, 39 ATGs were identified, and their gene structures and conserved domains were systematically characterized in M. truncatula. Many cis-elements, related to hormone and stress responsiveness, were identified in the promoters of MtATGs. Phylogenetic and interaction network analyses suggested that the function of MtATGs is evolutionarily conserved in Arabidopsis and M. truncatula. The expression of MtATGs, at varied levels, was detected in all examined tissues. In addition, most of the MtATGs were highly induced during seed development and drought stress, which indicates that autophagy plays an important role in seed development and responses to drought stress in M. truncatula. In conclusion, this study gives a comprehensive overview of MtATGs and provides important clues for further functional analysis of autophagy in M. truncatula.
Commuting network effect on urban wealth scaling
Authors: Alves Luiz G. A. , Rybski Diego , Ribeiro Haroldo V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUrban scaling theory explains the increasing returns to scale of urban wealth indicators by the per capita increase of human interactions within cities. This explanation implicitly assumes urban areas as isolated entities and ignores their interactions. Here we investigate the effects of commuting networks on the gross domestic product (GDP) of urban areas in the US and Brazil. We describe the urban GDP as the output of a production process where population, incoming commuters, and interactions between these quantities are the input variables. This approach significantly refines the description of urban GDP and shows that incoming commuters contribute to wealth creation in urban areas. Our research indicates that changes in urban GDP related to proportionate changes in population and incoming commuters depend on the initial values of these quantities, such that increasing returns to scale are only possible when the product between population and incoming commuters exceeds a well-defined threshold.
Assessment of landslide behaviour in colluvium deposit at Doi Chang, Thailand
Authors: Soralump Suttisak , Shrestha Avishek , Thowiwat Worawat , Sukjaroen Ramatre , Chaithong Thapthai , Yangsanphu Sirisart , Koirala Abhishek , Jotisankasa Apiniti 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the case study of the recurrent slope movement in colluvium deposits at Doi Chang, Thailand. A thorough site investigation confirmed the slope movement rate corresponding to slow creep during dry season, while in the rainy season, its velocity remarkably increased. Despite frequent repair, the movement rate was sufficient to result in the recurrent damage of infrastructures like roads and buildings, causing economic loss and public concerns. Furthermore, surface mapping revealed that the hill's topography led to the concentration of flowing water in a particular area. This resulted in a high level of groundwater table, especially during the rainy season. The inclinometer installed in that area suggested an average movement rate of 20.5 mm/month in the wet season. In contrast, during the dry season, it was limited within 2 mm/month, indicating that the increase in the rate of slope movement in the colluvium deposit was primarily due to the rising groundwater table. Field and laboratory tests were conducted to determine the properties of the colluvium deposit. Landslide susceptibility assessment was performed using infinite slope model and later integrated with GIS to evaluate the factor of safety (FS) over a large area. The FS decreased below 1 when the groundwater level rose to 0.3 cm below the ground surface, and using GIS, based on infinite slope model, the potential risk zone were delineated.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic similarity between SAR341402 insulin aspart and Japan-approved NovoRapid in healthy Japanese subjects
Authors: Shiramoto Masanari , Yoshihara Tatsuya , Schmider Wolfgang , Takagi Hiroki , Nowotny Irene , Kajiwara Miyuki , Muto Hideya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study compared the pharmacokinetic and glucodynamic profiles of biosimilar SAR341402 insulin aspart to Japan-approved insulin aspart (NovoRapid) in healthy Japanese males. In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, two-period, crossover study, subjects received 0.3 U/kg of SAR341402 or NovoRapid before undergoing a 10 h euglycemic clamp procedure. Plasma insulin aspart concentrations and blood glucose levels were measured, and glucose infusion rates (GIRs) were assessed. Primary endpoints were maximum plasma insulin aspart concentration (INS-Cmax), area under the plasma insulin concentration–time curve to the last quantifiable concentration (INS-AUClast), area under the GIR–time curve during the clamp (GIR-AUC0–10 h), and maximum GIR (GIRmax). Forty subjects were randomized with 39 completing both treatment periods. Pharmacokinetic exposure showed a mean ratio between products of 1.00 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.05) for INS-Cmax and 1.02 (90% CI 1.00–1.04) for INS-AUClast. Glucodynamic activity showed a mean ratio between products of 1.00 (95% CI 0.93–1.06) for GIR-AUC0–10 h and 1.01 (95% CI 0.95–1.08) for GIRmax. The 90% CIs for pairwise treatment ratios were within the predefined equivalence range of 0.80–1.25. Both treatments were well tolerated. We concluded that similar pharmacokinetic exposure and glucodynamic potency were shown for SAR341402 and NovoRapid in healthy Japanese males.
A new iron-phosphate compound (Fe7P11O38) obtained by pyrophosphate stoichiometric glass devitrification
Authors: Goj Pawel , Wajda Aleksandra , Błachowski Artur , Stoch Pawel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIron phosphates are a wide group of compounds that possess versatile applications. Their properties are strongly dependent on the role and position of iron in their structure. Iron, because of its chemical character, is able to easily change its redox state and accommodate different chemical surroundings. Thus, iron-phosphate crystallography is relatively complex. In addition, the compounds possess intriguing magnetic and electric properties. In this paper, we present crystal structure properties of a newly developed iron-phosphate compound that was obtained by devitrification from iron-phosphate glass of pyrophosphate stoichiometry. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, the new compound (Fe7P11O38) was shown to adopt the hexagonal space group P63(No. 173) in which iron is present as Fe3+in two inequivalent octahedral and one tetrahedral positions. The results were confirmed by Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies, and appropriate band positions, as well as hyperfine interaction parameters, are assigned and discussed. The magnetic and electric properties of the compound were predicted by ab initio simulations. It was observed that iron magnetic moments are coupled antiferromagnetically and that the total magnetic moment of the unit cell has an integer value of 2 µB. Electronic band structure calculations showed that the material has half-metallic properties.
Osteoblastic Swedish mutant APP expedites brain deficits by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven senescence
Authors: Pan Jin-Xiu , Sun Dong , Lee Daehoon , Xiong Lei , Ren Xiao , Guo Hao-han , Yao Ling-Ling , Lu Yuyi , Jung Caroline , Xiong Wen-Cheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPatients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often have osteoporosis or osteopenia. However, their direct link and relationship remain largely unclear. Previous studies have detected osteoporotic deficits in young adultTg2576andTgAPPsweOCNmice, which express APPswe(Swedish mutant) ubiquitously and selectively in osteoblast (OB)-lineage cells. This raises the question, whether osteoblastic APPswecontributes to AD development. Here, we provide evidence thatTgAPPsweOCNmice also exhibit AD-relevant brain pathologies and behavior phenotypes. Some brain pathologies include age-dependent and regional-selective increases in glial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are accompanied by behavioral phenotypes such as anxiety, depression, and altered learning and memory. Further cellular studies suggest that APPswe, but not APPwtor APPlon(London mutant), in OB-lineage cells induces endoplasmic reticulum-stress driven senescence, driving systemic and cortex inflammation as well as behavioral changes in 6-month-oldTgAPPsweOCNmice. These results therefore reveal an unrecognized function of osteoblastic APPsweto brain axis in AD development.
Parasitoid vectors a plant pathogen, potentially diminishing the benefits it confers as a biological control agent
Authors: Guo Chang-Fei , Ahmed Muhammad Z. , Ou Da , Zhang Li-He , Lu Zi-Tong , Sang Wen , McKenzie Cindy L. , Shatters Robert G. , Qiu Bao-Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive disease of citrus primarily transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). Biocontrol of ACP is an environmentally sustainable alternative to chemicals. However, the risk of parasitoid rational application in ACP biocontrol has never been evaluated. Here we show, the dominant parasitoid of ACP, Tamarixia radiata, can acquire the HLB pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and transmit it horizontally when probing ACP nymphs. If these ACP nymphs survive the probing, develop to adults and move to healthy plants, CLas can be transmitted to citrus leaves during feeding. We illustrate the formerly unrecognized risk that a parasitoid can potentially serve as a phoretic vector of the pathogen transmitted by its host, thus potentially diminishing some of the benefits it confers via biocontrol. Our findings present a significant caution to the strategy of using parasitoids in orchards with different infection status of insect-vectored pathogens.
Chemical communication at the synthetic cell/living cell interface
Authors: Mukwaya Vincent , Mann Stephen , Dou Hongjing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the complexity of synthetic cells has continued to increase in recent years, chemical communication between protocell models and living organisms remains a key challenge in bottom-up synthetic biology and bioengineering. In this Review, we discuss how communication channels and modes of signal processing can be established between living cells and cytomimetic agents such as giant unilamellar lipid vesicles, proteinosomes, polysaccharidosomes, polymer-based giant vesicles and membrane-less coacervate micro-droplets. We describe three potential modes of chemical communication in consortia of synthetic and living cells based on mechanisms of distributed communication and signal processing, physical embodiment and nested communication, and network-based contact-dependent communication. We survey the potential for applying synthetic cell/living cell communication systems in biomedicine, including the in situ production of therapeutics and development of new bioreactors. Finally, we present a short summary of our findings.
Observation of interaction-induced phenomena of relativistic quantum mechanics
Authors: Zhang Weixuan , Yuan Hao , He Wenjing , Zheng Xingen , Sun Na , Di Fengxiao , Sun Houjun , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRelativistic quantum mechanics has been developed for nearly a century to characterize the high-energy physics in quantum domain, and various intriguing phenomena without low-energy counterparts have been revealed. Recently, with the discovery of Dirac cone in graphene, quantum materials and their classical analogies provide the second approach to exhibit the relativistic wave equation, making large amounts of theoretical predications become reality in the lab. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a third way to get into the relativistic physics. Based on the extended one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model, we show that two strongly correlated bosons can exhibit Dirac-like phenomena, including the Zitterbewegung and Klein tunneling, in the presence of giant on-site and nearest-neighbor interactions. By mapping eigenstates of two correlated bosons to modes of designed circuit lattices, the interaction-induced Zitterbewegung and Klein tunneling are verified by measuring the voltage dynamics. Our finding not only demonstrates a way to exhibit the relativistic physics, but also provides a flexible platform to further investigate many interesting phenomena related to the particle interaction in experiments.