bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALPL, A Novel Marker Of Neutrophil Activation In Response To Obesity
Authors: Pan Yue , Choi Justin , Shi Huidong , Su Shaoyong , Wang Xiaoling 
Published: June 2021

Low‐grade systemic inflammation accompanies obesity and etiologically contributes to obesity‐induced cardiovascular disease (CVD). Neutrophils represent the most abundant type of leukocytes in humans and neutrophil activation is a fundamental process in the inflammatory response. Growing evidence supports that neutrophil is most likely to be the target peripheral leukocyte subtype initiating the inflammatory cascade in response to obesity. However, few studies have systematically assessed the molecular changes of neutrophils in response to obesity. In this study, a hypothesis‐free OMIC approach (i.e. the discovery phase) and a target approach (i.e. the validation phase) were used to identify obesity related neutrophil activation markers and their roles on CVD risks. In the discovery phase, genome wide DNA methylation, RNA‐sequencing and quantitative proteomics were obtained from the purified neutrophils of 12 obese cases and 12 lean controls. Significant difference was found for one gene, alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney (ALPL), across 3 OMIC platforms. In the validation phase, the expression levels of ALPL in leukocytes were obtained from 81 obese cases and 83 lean controls. The ALPL expression levels were significantly higher in obese compared with lean subjects (p=0.021). Within obese population, we observed that ALPL expression level showed significantly positive association with CVD risk factors including systolic blood pressure (BP) (p=0.032), diastolic BP (p=0.011) and mean arterial pressure (p=0.008), as well as borderline significance with fasting insulin (p=0.059). This study identified one novel marker of neutrophil activation in response to obesity and provided further evidence that obesity induced change in ALPL expression is associated with CVD risk factors.Support or Funding InformationNHLBI HL105689This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Concerted Molecular Clock Control of Myogenic Precursor Properties Promotes Skeletal Muscle Growth and Remodeling
Authors: Ma Ke , Chatterjee Somik , Lee Jeongkyong , Yechoor Vijay 
Published: June 2021

Circadian clock imparts temporal regulation on diverse physiological processes. We and others recently demonstrated that the clock circuit plays an important role in muscle growth and repair for maintenance of muscle mass, raising the possibility of targeting this machinery for muscle‐wasting disease therapies. Currently, the mechanisms underlying clock regulation of muscle growth processes are largely unknown. Here we show that the antagonistic actions of the essential clock transcriptional activator, Brain and Muscle Ant‐like 1 (Bmal1), and the clock repressor protein, Rev‐erbα, coordinately modulate myogenic precursor cell (MPC) differentiation and proliferation properties to facilitate muscle growth and remodeling. We were the first to report a novel function of Bmal1 in promoting MPC myogenic differentiation required for skeletal muscle regenerative repair. Current studies reveal that the clock transcription repressor Rev‐erbα suppresses myocyte development and its genetic loss of function promotes regenerative myogenesis, through its negative transcription control of target genes in the Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, we show that Bmal1 promotes, whereas Reverbα inhibits MPC proliferative behavior in vitro and upon muscle regeneration, mediated by their respective transcriptional regulations of cell cycle regulators. Notably, our work uncovers that mechanical stretch and exercise‐associated signals induce clock gene expression, suggesting their roles in entraining the cell‐autonomous muscle clock oscillators to physiological stimuli. Collectively, our studies reveal concerted functions of the muscle‐resident clock machinery in orchestrating MPC properties to contribute to muscle growth and consequently mass maintenance in accordance with myogenic cues. Elucidation of this temporal control in skeletal muscle tissue remodeling may offer novel therapeutic strategies to combat muscle‐wasting associated with aging, cancer or chronic diseases.Support or Funding InformationThis project is supported by grants American Heart Association 17GRNT33370012, Muscular Dystrophy Association 381294, and NIH DK 1R01DK112794 to KM.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A comparison of protective effects between electrical and pulsed‐magnetic stimulation in the deep layer of skeletal muscles under disuse condition
Authors: Ono Kohei , Nakanishi Ryosuke , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Takuwa Miho , Hirabayashi Takumi , Ikeji Takuya , Tanaka Minoru , Maeshige Noriaki , Kondo Hiroyo , Fujino Hidemi 
Published: June 2021

Electrical stimulation (ES) fails to prevent the muscle atrophy in the deep layer of extremities and trunk because ES cannot easily pass through the adipose tissue to reach the deep muscles. Pulsed‐magnetic stimulation (MS) might reach to the deep muscles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of ES and MS on the deep muscle atrophy in rat calf muscles. Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: control, hindlimb unloading (HU), HU plus ES and HU plus MS. Transcutaneous ES and MS was carried out for calf muscles at 20% of the supramaximal stimulus, once a day, for 2 weeks during unloading. Unloading resulted in a decrease of muscle mass and muscle fiber cross‐sectional area and an increase of MuRF‐1 expression level in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. HU plus ES and HU plus MS groups were confirmed that the relative muscle ratio and fiber cross‐sectional area were higher, and the level of MuRF‐1 expression was lower in the gastrocnemius muscle compared with HU group. However, electrical stimulation failed to prevent the decrease of relative muscle ratio and fiber cross‐sectional area and the increase of MuRF‐1 expression level in the soleus muscle. In addition, pulsed‐magnetic stimulation increased the relative muscle ratio and fiber cross‐sectional area and decreased the MuRF‐1 expression level in the soleus muscle compared with electrical stimulation. These results indicate that pulsed‐magnetic stimulation is more effective in the prevention of deep muscle atrophy than electrical stimulation.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of heat stress treatment and leucine supplementation on age‐related muscle loss in mice
Authors: Kakigi Ryo , Goto Ayumi , Yoshihara Toshinori , Tsuzuki Takamasa , Naito Hisashi 
Published: June 2021

Acute heat stress treatment activates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in skeletal muscle, leading to increase skeletal muscle protein synthesis and skeletal muscle mass. Leucine intake also activates mTOR signaling and stimulates protein synthesis. This study investigated the effects of heat stress treatment and leucine supplementation on sarcopenia (muscle loss with aging) in mice. C57BL/6J male mice (14 or 98 weeks old) were assigned randomly to young control (YC, N=6), old control (OC, n=9), heat stress (OH, n=7), leucine supplementation (OL, n=7), and heat stress and leucine supplementation (OLH) groups. Mice in OH and OLH groups were exposed to hot environment chamber (41ºC) for 40 min twice per week. Mice in OL and OLH groups were given ad libitum access to leucine‐supplemented water (114mM leucine). After 12‐week intervention, there were no differences in body weight and grip strength among groups. Body fat percentage in OLH group was significantly lower than that in OC group (29.0 ± 6.4 % vs. 39.1 ± 8.5 %, p < 0.05). The vastus lateralis muscle weight was significantly lower in OC, OH and OL groups compared with that of YC group, but the muscle weight in OLH group was significantly greater than that in OC group (191.9 ± 12.8 mg vs. 167.1 ± 10.1 mg, p < 0.05). Heat stress treatment induced the expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in muscle of OH and OLH groups (~5 fold, p < 0.05). There were no differences in the muscle mTOR signaling (the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70s6k, S6 and 4E‐BP1) between groups under overnight fasting condition. On the other hand, the expression of L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) of muscle was significantly increased in OC, OH and OL groups compared with YC group (~3 fold, p < 0.05), but there were no difference between YC and OLH group. Our current observations show that the combination of heat stress treatment and leucine supplementation appears to be clinically beneficial for age‐related muscle loss. In addition, normal expression of LAT1 in muscle might contribute to suppression of muscle loss.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP16K16565.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression in High Fat Diet‐fed LKB1 Knockout Mice.
Authors: Cheung Eric C.K. , Chen Ting , Hill Jonathon T. , Thomson David M. 
Published: June 2021

The development of obesity leads to many alterations in skeletal muscle metabolism. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is well‐known to regulate skeletal muscle function and metabolism through its phosphorylation and regulation of AMPK activated protein kinase (AMPK) family members. LKB1 and AMPK signaling is known to affect gene expression in skeletal muscle through regulation of transcription factors and epigenetic regulation. The purpose of this study was to determine how the lack of LKB1 affects gene expression in skeletal muscle under high fat diet‐induced obesity (DIO). To test this, skeletal muscle specific LKB1 knockout (skmLKB1‐KO) and littermate LKB1‐floxed (WT) mice were fed high fat diet (HFD) or a standard chow diet (SCD) for 14 weeks. RNA sequencing and RT‐PCR was performed using RNA that was isolated from quadriceps muscles. Western blotting was performed using quadriceps homogenates. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed 549 terms that were significantly affected by genotype in high fat fed mice. When ranked by p‐value, those GO terms with the highest level of significance were mitochondria/respiration‐related and oxidative stress‐related genes in the skmLKB1‐KO vs. WT muscles. Sixty‐nine genes were differentially expressed when comparing skmLKB1‐KO and WT muscles from HFD fed mice. The most under‐expressed of these in the skmLKB1‐KO vs. WT mice was dickkopf‐related protein 3 (DKK3), a regulator of the Wnt pathway. RT‐PCR confirmed the low level of DKK3 expression in skmLKB1‐KO muscles, but also suggested a potential upregulation by HFD feeding. Western blot analysis of DKK3 likewise showed increased expression in muscles from HFD vs. SCD mice. Intriguingly, when the mice were separated into HFD‐induced obesity resistant and obesity‐prone subgroups, DKK3 was only upregulated by HFD in the obesity resistant animals, suggesting a potential protective role against the development of obesity. In conclusion, skmLKB1‐KO under high‐fat diet conditions is associated with altered mitochondrial and oxidation‐reduction related gene expression, and DKK3 expression is greatly reduced in skmLKB1‐KO muscles.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by a BYU Mentoring Environment Grant and Graduate Research Fellowship.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
A Student‐Centered, Active Learning Approach to Teaching Spinal Cord Anatomy
Authors: Nassrallah Zeinab , Frankfurt Maya , Hill Robert V. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this project was to employ and preliminarily evaluate the effectiveness of small group, active learning among second‐year medical students studying the anatomy of the spinal cord.MethodsWe presented spinal cord anatomy in our “Human Condition” course for two cohorts of second‐year medical students. In 2015, and years prior, the material was incorporated into large group sessions and presented using slides in a large lecture hall. In 2017, we reorganized this learning activity into a more student‐centered, small group laboratory session. The interactive learning approach emphasized group work and higher‐order thinking to apply knowledge gained from assigned readings. In addition, students were encouraged to correlate anatomical features of prosected human spinal cord specimens with histological sections. After working together to solve the prompts posed by the faculty member, the students applied the teach‐back method to explain their answers and rationales to their facilitator. Facilitators used Socratic questioning to guide the discussions and to promote higher‐order thinking. Course examinations from both years included one question about spinal cord anatomy relevant to the material covered in both sessions. We compared scores from both years to evaluate the effectiveness of these learning approaches.ResultsStudents who participated in the student‐centered laboratory approach demonstrated a modest increase (3%) in overall performance on the spinal cord examination question. The transition was faculty‐intensive, requiring both an increase in the number of trained facilitators and multiple iterations of the same station.ConclusionsThe student‐centered, active learning approach was associated with a modest increase in student performance on the course examination. From our preliminary evaluation, we observed no detrimental effects from shifting the large group session to small group lab stations; indeed, our evaluation suggests at least a modest benefit. The use of spinal cord specimens underscores the importance of donated anatomical material for medical education. These specimens were integral to the learning activity, as students applied their observations of gross features to their decision‐making in solving prompts relevant to spinal cord histology. Additionally, the small group laboratory approach was an efficient use of curricular time. We aim to continue to study the effectiveness of this learning approach, ideally migrating other large group sessions into the laboratory whenever possible.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
BODY PAINTING PROMOTES SIGNIFICANT LEARNING IN TEACHING HUMAN ANATOMY
Authors: Barreto João Erivan Façanha , Lima Maria Lucianny Barbosa , Freitas Francisco Orlando Rafael , Pimenta Helder Binda , Gusmão Jonas Nogueira Ferreira Maciel , Silva Bruno Frota Amora Amora , Cerqueira Gilberto Santos 
Published: June 2021

Body painting is an important tool in the process of teaching and learning anatomy in undergraduate courses, being a valuable tool in the construction of knowledge mainly in places with corpse acquisition deficiencies for the anatomical study. This technique has been seen as a method to improve learning in the teaching of anatomy, since it is not restricted only to the organ expressed in the drawing, but also its topographic location of the organs. Based on these premises the objective of this work was to investigate if body painting promotes significant learning of human anatomy. For this, a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach was carried out through the application of a semistructured questionnaire with 80 students from three health sciences courses during two consecutive semesters. The data were statistically analyzed using the square test and the Kruskal Wallis test using the Graph Pad Prism version 6.0 software. The data presented a value of p <0.05. The values obtained for each group were expressed in median ± e.p. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference in age. It was found that 95% of the students preferred teaching with body painting while 5% preferred the traditional one. Regarding the adequacy of the learning objectives 3.08 ± 0.6337 (score from 0 to 5) stated that the objectives were achieved. It was observed that 100% of students consider painting promote meaningful learning. When analyzing the consideration of the interviewees about the importance of bodypaint for the construction of knowledge, an expressive result was observed regarding the use of this methodology, being approved by 97% of the students. It can be observed that body paint has great potential as a tool for teaching anatomy, since it stimulates and promotes the learning process, revealing as a positive and useful educational experience for these subjects. Thus, it is important to incorporate this technique as a routine teaching method, in view of the satisfactory results observed in the study and the provided educational aid.Support or Funding InformationUFCThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Susceptibility After Traumatic Brain Injury Using Drosophila as a Model Organism
Authors: García‐Rivera Lizmarie , Saikumar Janani , Bonini Nancy 
Published: June 2021

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a global public health concern that affects individuals across all age groups. Although mortality rates have decreased with improved primary care, TBI patients commonly face neurocognitive deficits, psychological health issues, and impaired mobility. TBI occurs when an external force causes the brain to collide against the skull. This leads to immediate damage known as primary injury. The subsequent secondary injury, which is less understood, involves cellular and molecular cascades that promote cell death, and ultimately, neurodegeneration. Because secondary injury is a delayed effect of TBI, current research aims to understand the processes involved, including mechanisms of activation and regulation, to develop therapeutic interventions. This study aims to explore secondary injury mechanisms by replicating TBI in a simpler organism, Drosophila melanogaster, and challenging the subjects with known cellular stressors. Susceptibility to new stress can possibly indicate which cellular and molecular pathways are being altered as a result of the trauma. Flies were subjected to TBI and allowed to recover, and then treated with one of two stressors, heat shock or starvation, and survival was evaluated over time. For both experiments, we expected to see lower survival of TBI flies in comparison to the sham group because of damage caused by primary injury and subsequent secondary injury mechanisms. Remarkably, the opposite effect was observed; TBI subjects were more resistant to both heat shock and starvation. We hypothesized that TBI triggered some response that temporarily protected flies from these stressors. To study this further, we measured HSP70 and phosphorylated eIF2α levels after TBI, proteins indicative of Heat Shock Response and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), respectively. Western blots were normalized to tubulin expression levels, quantified using ImageJ, and analyzed with two‐way ANOVA. Results for HSP70 showed a significant difference (p< 0.0001 ****) between the TBI and sham fly groups only at the 24 hour timepoint, while results for phospho‐eIF2α showed no significant difference at any of the timepoints post‐injury. These findings suggest that HSP70 was upregulated following TBI, a phenomenon also observed after human TBI, and because phospho‐eIF2α showed no change, the PERK pathway of the UPR is not involved in post‐trauma response. These studies and further research will help provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie secondary injury, identify mechanisms that may contribute to cell recovery, and highlight how these can be enhanced to delay, or even avoid, degenerative changes to the brain.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Association of the Metabolomics Footprint, Body Fat and Serum Levels of Leptin, Ghrelin and Adiponectin In Shift Workers. Pilot Study
Authors: Gordillo‐Moscoso Antonio Augusto , Bujaidar‐Jonguitud Fernanda , Almendra‐Pegueros Rafael , De Leon‐Diaz de Leon Edgar , Flores‐Ramirez Rogelio , Rodriguez‐Aguilar Maribel , Jimenez‐Gonzalez Carlos , Medina Ursula 
Published: June 2021

Obesity prevalence in Mexico is higher than in other countries (70%). Cross‐sectional studies with rotation shifts have observed that sleep disruption affects dietary intake and hormonal regulation (Adiponectin/Leptin/Ghrelin). Proposed mechanism is an increase on expression of fatty acid transport molecules, which would induce weight gain and adiposity, and increase the risk of developing obesity. Metabolomics analysis could help us to know if metabolic changes of lipid products have susceptibility to contribute to hormonal alterations and accumulation of fat mass. Our main objective was to determine if there was an association of metabolomics footprint, body fat and serum levels of leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin in workers with one week shift rotation schedule. We designed a prospective cohort, internal pilot study (n=30). Participants: shift workers (14‐day follow‐up) both sex (20–60 years old), work scheduled morning and night, and agree to participate by signing informed consent duly explained. We collect anthropometric data, dietary intake, physical activity and serum's metabolomics to establish the differences in the metabolomic footprint and identify the most important variables of the groups, by a principal component analysis (PCA), random forest and partial least squares (PLS) in R statics software. Serum concentrations of leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin will be determined by immunoassay. Results: We have observed 15 subjects, 9 woman and 6 man, main age 30.2 ± 6.5, 3 ± 2.6 years working in that schedule. In the nocturnal shift, we found weight gain (71.3vs70.8kg), increased intake of carbs, lipids and water; and more sedentary hours with statistical significances (table 1). We identify 5 principal components (45% variance explicated), the more representative metabolites were cyclobutane, cycloheptane and 1Iodo‐2methyl; the first two are low when the subjects are in the morning shift and increase when they rotate to the night shift, inverse case as for the compound 1Iodo‐ 2methyl. Conclusions: The metabolites increased in the night shift could be related to the metabolic pathway of lipogenesis, product of a higher carbs intake during the night and more hours of sedentary lifestyle, finally showing gain of fat mass in the morning shift.Support or Funding InformationThe authors acknowledge grants from National Council for Science and Technology‐National Problems (#2015‐1340) Table 1. Descriptive statistics variable analysisThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.