bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new thermo-desorption laser-heating setup for studying noble gas diffusion and release from materials at high temperatures
Authors: Horlait Denis , Faure Rémi , Thomas Bertrand A. , Devert Nicolas , Amany Marie-Lyne , Carlot Gaëlle , Gilabert Éric 
Published: December 2021

A new heating and gas treatment line for Thermo-Desorption Spectrometry (TDS) of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) is presented. It was built with the primary objective to offer advanced temperature controls and capabilities while working in a cold environment. By choosing a high-power continuous wave laser as the heating source and using a proportional–integral–derivative controller system, TDS of noble gases can now be performed with fast and highly steady heating ramps (e.g., less than 1 °C deviation from the set point for ≤1 °C s−1 ramps). Sample temperature over 2000 °C can also routinely be reached, with limited heating of the sample support and the sample chamber, offering the possibility to have several samples awaiting in the ultra-high vacuum chamber. We also present the development efforts made to increase temperature homogeneity of the heated sample while limiting the contact with the sample holder. Recent results acquired with this TDS setup on krypton thermal diffusion in uranium dioxide (UO2) as a function of O2 additions are also presented as an application example.
Multiframe point-projection radiography imaging based on hybrid X-pinch
Authors: Tilikin I. N. , Shelkovenko T. A. , Pikuz S. A. , Bland S. N. 
Published: December 2021

This paper demonstrates the possibility of using a new configuration of the hybrid X-pinch to produce a set of spatially and temporarily separate x-ray bursts that could be used for the radiography of dynamic events. To achieve this, a longer than normal wire is placed between the conical electrodes of the hybrid X-pinch, and a set of small spacers (fishing weights) is placed along the wire. Each subsection of the wire then acts as a unique X-pinch, producing its own radiation burst from a small (∼3 µm) spot. The timing between bursts is 20–50 ns, and each is &lt;2 ns in duration. For comparison, if a longer wire is simply employed without spacers, hotspots of radiation occur in random positions and the time between any two bursts does not exceed 20 ns. Examples of two and three frame point-projection radiography of solid-state and plasma test objects are given.
Quantifying the required Zn uptake to achieve grain Zn biofortification of high-yielding wheat on calcareous soils with low available Zn
Authors: Wang Sen , Wang Zhaohui , Li Shasha , Diao Chaopeng , Liu Lu , Huang Ning , Huang Ming , Hui Xiaoli , Luo Laichao , He Gang , Cao Hanbing 
Published: December 2021

Cereal crop Zn biofortification is an effective solution to global human Zn deficiency and is achieved by increasing grain Zn concentration concurrently with yield. However, the desired grain Zn concentration (>40 mg kg−1) is rarely observed for high-yielding wheat on calcareous soils, owing to inadequate Zn uptake or Zn distribution to grain. This study was designed to determine how much Zn uptake or distribution is adequate for Zn biofortification, by considering 123 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown on calcareous soils with low available Zn (<0.5 mg kg−1) in the field on the southern Loess Plateau, China. Nineteen high-yielding cultivars were identified with similar yields (∼7.0 t ha−1) and various grain Zn concentrations from 9.3 to 26.7 mg kg−1. Adequate Zn distribution to grain was defined as the situation where the Zn harvest index at maturity increased to its maximum of ∼91.0% and straw Zn concentration at maturity decreased to its minimum of ∼1.5 mg kg−1. For each cultivar, the extra Zn in straw above the minimum could be again remobilised to grain and raise grain Zn concentration to its highest attainable level, which was 14.5–31.3 mg kg−1 for the 19 high-yielding cultivars but still <40 mg kg−1. Thus, the current Zn uptake needs to be increased to ≥308 g ha−1 to achieve Zn biofortification on low-Zn calcareous soils. For other wheat production regions, the method established here can also provide the priority measures and quantitative guidelines for Zn biofortification.
Toward a genome sequence for every animal: Where are we now?
Authors: Hotaling Scott , Kelley Joanna L. , Frandsen Paul B. 
Published: December 2021

In less than 25 y, the field of animal genome science has transformed from a discipline seeking its first glimpses into genome sequences across the Tree of Life to a global enterprise with ambitions to sequence genomes for all of Earth’s eukaryotic diversity [H. A. Lewin
et al.
,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
115, 4325–4333 (2018)]. As the field rapidly moves forward, it is important to take stock of the progress that has been made to best inform the discipline’s future. In this Perspective, we provide a contemporary, quantitative overview of animal genome sequencing. We identified the best available genome assemblies in GenBank, the world’s most extensive genetic database, for 3,278 unique animal species across 24 phyla. We assessed taxonomic representation, assembly quality, and annotation status for major clades. We show that while tremendous taxonomic progress has occurred, stark disparities in genomic representation exist, highlighted by a systemic overrepresentation of vertebrates and underrepresentation of arthropods. In terms of assembly quality, long-read sequencing has dramatically improved contiguity, whereas gene annotations are available for just 34.3% of taxa. Furthermore, we show that animal genome science has diversified in recent years with an ever-expanding pool of researchers participating. However, the field still appears to be dominated by institutions in the Global North, which have been listed as the submitting institution for 77% of all assemblies. We conclude by offering recommendations for improving genomic resource availability and research value while also broadening global representation.
Cosmic-ray positrons strongly constrain leptophilic dark matter
Authors: John Isabelle , Linden Tim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cosmic-ray positrons have long been considered a powerful
probe of dark matter annihilation. In particular, myriad studies of
the unexpected rise in the positron fraction have debated its dark
matter or pulsar origins. In this paper, we instead examine the
potential for extremely precise positron measurements by AMS-02 to
probe hard leptophilic dark matter candidates that do not
have spectral features similar to the bulk of the observed positron
excess. Utilizing a detailed cosmic-ray propagation model that
includes a primary positron flux generated by Galactic pulsars in
addition to a secondary component constrained by He and proton
measurements, we produce a robust fit to the local positron flux and
spectrum. We find no evidence for a spectral bump correlated with
leptophilic dark matter, and set strong constraints on the dark
matter annihilation cross-section that fall below the thermal
annihilation cross-section for dark matter masses below 60 GeV and
380 GeV for annihilation into τ+τ- and e+e-,
respectively, in our default model.
Renewable Hydrocarbon Production via Rapeseed Oil Hydrotreatment Over Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Malina I , Malins K , Strods-Vavilovs M , Uleiskis V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The effect of SiO2-Al2O3 (Pd5%/SA), activated carbon (Pd5%/C) and Al2O3 (Pd5%/A) supported palladium (5%) catalysts on renewable hydrocarbon synthesis via rapeseed oil hydrotreatment was investigated. The hydrotreatment experiments were carried out in solvent free medium under initial H2 pressure 100 bar and at 340 °C temperature for 120 min using catalyst amount 5%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis were used for estimation of hydrocarbon content in the obtained samples. Pd5%/SA catalyst provided complete conversion of rapeseed oil into marketable liquid renewable hydrocarbons without presence of oxygen containing substances under studied hydrotreatment conditions. Moreover, all tested Pd catalysts gave narrow range of linear saturated hydrocarbons (n-C15-C19). Pd5%/C and Pd5%/A catalysts gave partial feedstock conversion into hydrocarbons even in long residence time. Overall liquid hydrocarbon yields were from 55.3% to 82.3%.
A review of voltage and reactive power control algorithms in medium voltage distribution networks
Authors: Šantaras S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Current power network was built in mind that there will be mostly one-way power transmission, but as there is increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG), power network evolves and changes. Thereof old control strategies and algorithms used in power distribution do not fully utilize ever evolving power network in ensuring minimum active power loses, best distribution power generation for optimal voltage and frequency control.
The main objective of this paper is review and comparison of heuristic algorithms in medium-voltage (MV) distribution networks with high distributed generation (DG) penetration. The specific goal is integrating reviewed algorithms in distributer power network control to minimise power loss, control active and reactive power flow between transmission and distribution power networks and utilization of current power network structure with growing number distributed generation penetration and thus minimizing required cost for its upgrade. Due to complexity of different power network structures and control methods used in managing it, algorithms are reviewed used in ensuring fast and reliable calculations by guaranteeing as minimum active power loss as possible and by improving power system performance over existing centralised as well as decentralised control methods. For both control methods distributed generators requires to be endowed with communication capabilities, as it is effective in driving the voltages within the admissible intervals and, additionally, it exploits the cooperation among the distributed generators and controllers to reach power network objectives of minimal power loss, voltage stability as mentioned before.
Power Conversion Performance of a Single-Phase PV Inverter with Fuzzy Logic Algorithm
Authors: Giurgi G I , Petreus D , Giurgi D V , Szolga L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a low-power conversion system focusing on implementing new solar inverter control techniques implemented with Fuzzy Logic. The power generated by a solar panel requires robust approaches and efficient methods to be used at its maximum. Therefore, a promising strategy is a Fuzzy Logic based on the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. To gather efficient power conversion, our proposed model uses a control loop composed of Fuzzy Proportional Integrative (PI) regulators, Clarke and Park transform, followed by a synchronization grid mechanism Second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) based phase-locked loops (PLLs). The proposed technique examines photovoltaic system (PV) performance with respect to its non-linearities and eventual shaded conditions that can occur in the PV array. The shading effect is tested by varying the irradiance, which determines the variation of the output current and implicitly of the output power. The simulation results show that the inverter control system is very efficient, generating stable and nearly sinusoidal current and voltage characteristics. Thus, the inverter converts over 99 % of the power generated by PV arrays.
Assessment of Energy Conservation Resource considering the Lighting service in Academic buildings seeking sustainable Energy planning
Authors: Sotero André , Udaeta Miguel , Gimenes André , Kurahassi Luiz Fernando 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work is to evaluate the full potential, since include technic-economic & environmental & social & policy dimensions, of the benefits of applying a demand side energy resource for considering for implementation of an energy efficiency project. Methodologically, this assessment was made by establishing values for energy resources in attributes and sub-attributes in the four different dimensions of the Integrated Resources Planning, which are: environmental dimension, social dimension, political dimension, and economic-technical dimension. The analysis of the energy efficiency project in four different perspectives makes this work innovative, most of the papers found in the academy does not consider the four dimensions studied here. The accounting of the full potential is also considered within this methodology, which makes it possible to evaluate its benefits in traditional and economic-technical aspects, as well as the dimensions of sustainable development. A case study was also developed on the replacement of traditional lamps for LED lamps in higher education institution. Results showed a decrease in CO2 emission in the atmosphere of 11.94 tons, the creation of 21 temporally job positions, reduction in the release of 52g of mercury in the environment and an injection of nearly 2 million dollars into the economy. Therefore, it was systematically proved that the benefits of the energy efficiency evaluated in the four dimensions increase sustainable development to all of society. With this work it is possible to concluded that all the society is impacted in different aspects after the implementation of an energy efficiency project in an energy consumer company e not only these companies
Urban trees to attract wild birds in a tropical urban residential complex in Sentul, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiastuti A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn an urban residential complex, in addition to providing environmental services, trees also attract wild birds. The objective of this research was to identify trees planted in tropical urban residential areas that can attract wild birds. The research was conducted in Sentul City Residential Complex, Bogor, West Java, by observing wild birds that visit certain trees as part of their habitat components. Trees provide nectar, fruits, seeds, and insects as food for birds and nest materials. Trees also have important functions as birds’ cover and nesting sites. There were 103 tree species, all basically supporting the life of 51 bird species found in the study area. Examples of nectar producer trees wereSpathodea campanulata,Callistemon citrinus, Erythrina crista-galli;fruit producers wereMuntingia calabura, Syzygium polyanthum, Ficus benjamina; seeds producers wereLeucaena leucocephala,Paraserianthes falcataria. Many trees also attracted insects for bird food, includingAcacia mangium, Samanea saman.Conifers and small twigs and leaf petioles/rachis of many legumes, for example,Delonix regia,Calliandra calothyrsus) can be used as nest materials. Careful selection of trees could attract many wild birds to increase the environmental quality of the residential areas.
Maximizing the social-economy impacts of urban green space in several cities in Indonesia
Authors: Ali S , Sulistiowati R , Wulandari C , Riniarti M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTrees in urban green space areas serve not only aesthetic purposes but also various ecological functions, including filtering air pollutants, improving groundwater quality, and generating biodiversity of flora and fauna. However, the presence of urban Urban Green Space (UGS) must equal 30% of the urban area, which is still constrained by regulations and community participation. Therefore, this paper aims to capture an overview of the existing UGS in several regions in Indonesia by using qualitative methods., which included over ten locations in Lampung and several cities throughout Indonesia for comparison, yielded several findings that can hopefully be used to inform the development of UGS policies. The findings demonstrate the numerous benefits of open space, particularly mental health, nature conservation, social interaction, and economic development. The critical nature of UGS, particularly in regencies/municipalities, requires increased awareness and effective management by involving as many stakeholders as possible, including the private sector and the community as users. The implication of this research is, in a sustainability context, with the need to instill sustainable behavior in users and to stimulate economic growth, a business model based on environmental stewardship is required, specifically the circular business model
Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) bark harvesting for curing hepatitis in Kupang City: Herbal medicine in the urban environment
Authors: Siswadi S , Saragih G S , Rianawati H , Umroni A , Pujiono E , Setyowati R , B Wuli Turu V F I D , Banani F 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTrees in an urban environment play an important role. Studies have shown that the presence of trees can improve human physical and mental health. People in Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia, harvestSterculia quadrifidaR.Br. (faloak) bark for medicinal decoction for hepatitis and energy booster. Hepatitis cases in Kupang City continue to increase, from 40 cases in 2016 to 147 cases in 2017 and 220 cases in 2018. This study aimed to assessS. quadrifidabark harvesting intensity and its utilization in Kupang City. This study was conducted in five sub-districts in Kupang, namely Alak, Kelapa Lima, Kota Raja, Maulafa, and Oebobo. In each district, 20 faloak trees were selected to be observed. Parameters observed included: diameter, height, trees that were recently debarked and have recovered bark, distance from the road, and the presence of seedlings around the tree. The data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. There were 98 trees observed because, in Kota Raja, only 18 faloak trees were found. The recently debarked trees in Kota Raja, Alak, and Maulafa were 54.12%, 49%, and 41.05%, respectively. Meanwhile, trees with recovered bark were found mainly in Kelapa Lima (50%), Oebobo (38.95%), and Kota Raja (31%). Most debarked faloak trees were those closest to roads and settlements with a diameter ranging from 10.38 to 89.17 cm. The distance from the road to the trees was 1-203 m. A large number of debarked faloak trees indicates a high demand for faloak bark.
The palm leaves falling periods and characteristics of royal palm (Roystonea regia (Kunth) F.Cook) at IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Nindiar H E , Majiidu M , Adzkia U , Karlinasari L , Siregar I Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Royal palm is widely planted as an ornamental plant and becomes part of parks and open landscapes in urban areas, especially on the roadside and in an urban forest. The leaves have a large size that can potentially cause harm to people or property under or around the tree. Information regarding the falling period and the weight of palm leaves was necessary in terms of risk mitigation of tree management. The study was conducted on ten royal palm trees by observing the incidence of leaf fall every three days during the period of September 2019 to March 2020. The palm leaves comprise the leaf sheath and the petiole. The results showed that the number of royal palm leaves was about 12 leaves per tree. Royal palm at IPB Dramaga campus has a tree height of about 12 m and a diameter of 40 cm. The period of fall of palm leaves is 30 to 40 days; although it may not fall every period, it can even fall once in 6 months. The average weight of the fallen leaves is about 8.2 kg, with a moisture content of 85.2%. Information on the period and weight of royal palm leaf fall are very important as information on risk mitigation activities in plant management in the urban landscape.
The ecological, economical and social benefit of Dukuh in South Kalimantan
Authors: Kissinger  , Pitri R M N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aims to reveal the ecological, economic dan social benefits of the Dukuh agroforestry system. The ecological data were collected using the survey method and interview. There were 16 quadrant plots measuring 20 m x 20 m placed in 4 selected Dukuh. The sampling method used was nested sampling. Fauna and characteristic of land were carried out using the exploration method by following the vegetation measurement plot. Data on socio economic benefits were obtained from interviews about the income, cost, ethnobotany, and social data. Some supporting data needed to be obtained from village office documents and literature references. The ecological data were analyzed by using species composition and diversity index. Species composition was analyzed by tabulation matrices. The species diversity index was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener Index. Economic benefits are assessed from the economic contribution of Dukuh. Ethnobotanical and social benefit data were analyzed descriptively. There are 38 species of trees and 14 species of understorey found in Dukuh. Shanon index value for tree and understorey of Dukuh species are > 2 (medium category). The ecological characters of Dukuh help retain soil aggregates, increase infiltration, reduce erosion and facilitate preference habitat for animal life. Some animals belong to the category of protected fauna (Manis javanica, Varanus borneensis, Harliantus indus). Aves diversity index value is H’= 2.54 (middle category). Dukuh is also a habitat for 13 species of soil fauna. The economic benefits are identified from: The dukuh’s harvest contributes 30% of the farmers’ total income; Some Dukuh plants are useful as emergency income and medicinal plants. The social benefit of Dukuh is increasing friendship between the community and improving the family’s social status. This information provides an overview of how successful local community forest farming is in providing benefits to the environment.
Measuring thermal comfort in a built environment: A case study in a Central Business District, Jakarta
Authors: Putri N A , Hermawan R , Karlinasari L 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is obvious that an increase in the built environment in many major cities is not balanced with the availability of green open space causing environmental problems such as an increase in accumulative city temperature (e.g., urban heat island). Therefore, many initiatives have been implemented to integrate more green open spaces in an effort to deal with increasing air temperatures in cities, but baseline information on the positive impact on the built environment is still lacking. The objective of this study was to identify thermal comfort in green open spaces and built environments in a central business district. Basic microclimate variables and thermal humidity index (THI) were analyzed in three sites representing the district by also considering the distribution of green open spaces, buildings, and traffics. Results showed that in the morning, the average temperature at the three sampling points have a low temperature (T=27.77-28.50°C) with high humidity (RH=77.21-80.97%) and the THI value is quite comfortable (THI=26.72-27.22°C), while during the daytime, the temperature conditions at the three sites have high temperatures (T=31.37-33.04°C) with low humidity (RH=63.30-65.80%) and high THI values (THI=29.22-30.62°C). In the afternoon, the temperature conditions at the three sample points have a high enough temperature (T=29.70-30.61°C) and high humidity (RH=67.36-71.02%), while the THI value is only in point two, which is close to the quite comfortable category (THI=27.98°C), while other locations have a value THI=28.60°C and 28.62°C. The results of this study mark the presence of green open space with the trees in the district has a positive effect on decreasing air temperature and hence increasing environmental comfort. The addition and enrichment of trees can be done to increase thermal comfort in the built environment.