bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ability and analysis of Students’ errors in the topic of algebraic expression
Authors: Adnan Mazlini , Abidin Zulhilmi Zainal , Mustam Afian Akhbar , Maat Siti Mistima , Sutama Sutama , Prihaswati Martyana , Zulnaidi Hutkemri 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the level of ability of Form One students in the topic of algebraic expressions based on the six levels in the Bloom’s Taxonomy Revision. In addition, this study aimed to identify the types of errors of form one students in the topic of algebraic expressions based on Newman’s Error Analysis. Respondents of this study consist of 68 form one students were selected from school in Melaka through simple random sampling method. The data in this study has been analysed in a descriptive basis involving frequency, percentages and mean. This study uses the application of [[CHECK_SINGLEQUOT_ENT]] Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 26 for the purpose of this analysis. The findings showed that the students have troubled in the topic of algebra. 3 of 6 levels in the Bloom’s Taxanomy cannot be responded well by these students. Students only show high levels of mastery in the first two levels of remembering and understanding levels. Students have the most significant problems at evaluating level with the lowest percentage. The findings of this study also showed that most of students make an error in transformation. This study showed that error reading is lowest. In conclusion, these students have a problem answering the question of algebra and the type of common mistakes that are transformational problems. The implications of this study are, the Ministry and the teachers are able to makes reference to the difficult levels and the types of errors often made by form one students in the topic of algebra.
A robust algorithm for global optimization problems
Authors: Kerk Lee Chang , Lau Gee Choon , Ahmad Shamsatun Nahar , Shamala Palaniappan , Mokhtar Nurkhairany Amyra , Ang Tau Keong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a global optimization algorithm namely Kerk and Rohanin’s Trusted Region is used to find the global minimizers by employing an interval technique; with it, the algorithm can find the region where a minimizer is located and will not get trapped in a local one. It is able to find the convex part within the non-convex feasible region. This algorithm has descent property and global convergence. The numerical results have shown the algorithm has an outstanding capability in locating global minimizers.
A fuzzy rule-based Fuzzy Inferior Ratio method with reliability factor
Authors: Zailani Nur Alia Mohd , Ahmad Sharifah Aniza Sayed , Mohamad Daud 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is a branch of decision-making method which able to deal with complex and conflicting decision problems. Besides, Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (FMCDM) method is later introduced to deal with vague and uncertain information in decision-making problems that imitates human perception in the evaluation process. Recently, Fuzzy Inferior Ratio (FIR) is developed as one of the effective FMCDM methods as it includes the compromise solution in which both distances to the Fuzzy Positive Ideal Solution (FPIS) and the Fuzzy Negative Ideal Solution (FNIS) are considered simultaneously. Nevertheless, in FIR, there is no consideration on the reliability of the information in the evaluation process. In this paper, an improvised FIR with reliability factor is introduced where the reliability factor is represented by Z-numbers. Furthermore, the lack of capability of providing systematic evaluation and consistent output raises a concern in most FMCDM methods including FIR. Hence, a decision-making procedure of Fuzzy Rule-Based FIR with reliability factor is also been proposed. A numerical example is given using the proposed procedure and a consistency analysis is carried out using the Spearman’s Rho Correlation to evaluate its effectiveness. It is found out that the proposed procedure gives a more comprehensive and systematic evaluation with the inclusion of reliability factor and the Fuzzy Rule-Based evaluation in FIR.
Optimization number of car rental to fulfil the demand using simulation technique: A case study of ABC Car Rental Company
Authors: Rani Ruzanita Mat , Kamarudin Norbaizura , Azmi Nur Atasya , Ibrahim Nursafirahanis , Mansur Nur Ardani Aminah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study involves the car rental system of ABC Car Rental Company in Shah Alam. The car rental company faces challenges to meet customer demand. They always face shortage or too many vehicles unused on certain days on weekdays, but they are fully booked on the weekend. So, they need a guideline to manage their car rental to meet their customer demand. This company also faces a problem such as a customer returned the car late as it will affect the next customer. When this problem happens regularly, it affects the company. To find a solution to this problem, simulation model is built using Excel spreadsheet. The simulation model is ran for ten 30-day to generate the result. The result of simulation contains customer not served, total sales and average number of the unused car. From this simulation model, 20 alternatives are identified. Then scoring model will be used to find the optimal number of car rental. The findings from this study will serve as a guideline for the car rental company to manage their number of cars for their business. The car rental owner needs to optimize their car rental fleet so that they can increase their business operations performance and managed their inventory of cars prudently.
Seidel energy for Cayley graphs associated to dihedral group
Authors: Sarmin Nor Haniza , Fadzil Amira Fadina Ahmad , Erfanian Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The studies on the energy of a graph have been actively studied since 1978 and there have been various types of energy of graphs proposed and studied by mathematicians all over the world. One of the many types of energy being studied is Seidel energy, where it is defined as the summation of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the Seidel matrix of a graph. This research combines the study on three important branches in mathematics, i.e. energy of graph in linear algebra, Cayley graph in graph theory and dihedral group in group theory. The aim of this research is to present some values of Seidel energy of Cayley graphs associated to dihedral groups with respect to certain subsets of the group, namely the subsets of order one and the subsets of order two; {a, a

n–1} for n ≥ 3 and {a
2, a

n–2} for n ≥ 5. The results are proven by using some properties of special graphs such as complete graph, cycle graph and complete bipartite graph, including some relations between the eigenvalues of a graph, with the Seidel eigenvalues of a graph.
On the solvability of a mixed problem for partial differential equations of parabolic type with involution
Authors: Turmetov B H , Ahmedov A A , Orazov I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mixed partial differential equation of parabolic type with involution is considered. The sufficient conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the parabolic type equations with involution is obtained. The Fourier method is used to find a classical solution of the mixed problem for the transformed parabolic type equation with involution.
Predicting Extreme Returns of Bitcoin: Extreme Value Theory Approach
Authors: Hussain Saiful Izzuan , Masseran Nurulkamal , Ruza Nadiah , Safari Muhammad Aslam Mohd 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Extreme value theory(EVT) has been used to study the frequency and probability related to extreme situations in finance. This approach focuses on the extreme values and able to provide a better estimation for risk models. In this study, Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) is employed to model daily extreme returns in the Bitcoin market from 2017 to 2019. These periods have witnessed three phases of extreme volatility for the cryptocurrency market. The returns level for the Bitcoin range between 17.011 and 18.746. The results demonstrate heavy tail and finite tail distribution characteristics for the tails. The findings provide a better understanding of the tails’ behaviour in the cryptocurrency market and help investors to make a financial decision.
New two-sided group chain acceptance sampling plan for Marshall-Olkin extended exponential distribution
Authors: Aziz Nazrina , Zain Zakiyah , Rifa’at Nurul Ikhlas Md , Radzi Nurul Anis Jannati Mohd 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Acceptance sampling remains as a popular method of quality assurance in many industries. The primary goal is to reach an accurate decision whether to accept or reject a lot based on the results from sample inspection at a minimal cost. In this study, a new two-sided group chain acceptance sampling plan (NTSGChSP) using the Marshall-Olkin Extended Exponential (MOEE) distribution is introduced. This plan emphasizes customer’s protection by considering the consumer’s risk in its development. The findings suggest that the NTSGChSP could potentially offer minimal inspection cost by selection a small sample size for lot inspection. Such advantage should render it as a preferred sampling plan for products with lifetime that follows MOEE distribution.
SARIMA and Exponential Smoothing model for forecasting ecotourism demand: A case study in National Park Kuala Tahan, Pahang
Authors: Abu Noratikah , Syahidah Wan Nur , Afif Megat Muhammad , Nordin Syarifah Zyurina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tourism forecasting can lead to an important element in tourism industry to ensure that each investment by individuals, companies and government is profitable. From economy perspective, eco-tourism is a growing business, and it is an important indicator to the tourism industry. It also generates income revenue to the owner and surrounding communities. This research aims to forecast the eco-tourism demand based on number of tourist arrival for both local and foreign tourist at National Park Kuala Tahan, Pahang. The forecasting models used are seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and exponential smoothing. Both forecasting models are compared and assessed using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The result demonstrated that SARIMA (1,0,0)(1,0,1)12 the best model to forecast the number of tourist arrival in National Park Kuala Tahan, Pahang is which give the smallest forecast evaluation values. Hence, the exponential smoothing is not as good as the SARIMA model in forecasting tourist arrival for the data used. In future study, SARIMA model can be used to compare the local and foreign tourist arrival for eco-tourism destination.
Balance as bias, resolute on the retreat? Updates & analyses of newspaper coverage in the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia and Canada over the past 15 years
Authors: McAllister Lucy , Daly Meaghan , Chandler Patrick , McNatt Marisa , Benham Andrew , Boykoff Maxwell 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Through this research, we systematically updated and expanded understanding of how the print media represent evidence of human contributions to climate change. We built on previous research that examined how the journalistic norm of balanced reporting contributed to informationally biased print media coverage in the United States (U.S.) context. We conducted a content analysis of coverage across 4856 newspaper articles over 15 years (2005–2019) and expanded previous research beyond U.S. borders by analyzing 17 sources in five countries: the United Kingdom (U.K.), Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the U.S. We found that across all the years of analysis, 90% of the sample accurately represented climate change. In addition, our data suggests that scientifically accurate coverage of climate change is improving over time. We also found that media coverage was significantly less accurate in 2010 and significantly more accurate in 2015, in comparison to the sample average. Additionally, Canada’s National Post, Australia’s Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph, and the U.K.’s Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday (all historically conservative outlets) had significantly less accurate coverage of climate change over this time period than their counterparts.
Anthropogenic climate change contribution to wildfire-prone weather conditions in the Cerrado and Arc of deforestation
Authors: Li Sihan , Sparrow Sarah N , Otto Friederike E L , Rifai Sami W , Oliveras Imma , Krikken Folmer , Anderson Liana O , Malhi Yadvinder , Wallom David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
2015 saw the strongest El Niño event in the historical record, resulting in extreme drought conditions in Brazil. As drought conditions may also lead to greater fire danger, this study uses the 2015 fire in Brazil as a case study to examine whether and to what extent human-induced climate change has contributed to the fire weather conditions in the Cerrado and the southern Amazonia transitional forests known as the Arc of deforestation. Our results show that anthropogenic climate change is indeed a driver of meteorological conditions conducive to strong fire weather in these two regions, measured by fire weather index (FWI), especially on shorter timescales of daily and weekly. The anthropogenic climate change signal of FWI on short timescales corresponds to a similar order of increase in the FWI sub-indices (initial spread index and fine fuel moisture code) that can rapidly change due to the influence of the instantaneous weather conditions. For both regions the changes in fire weather in response to anthropogenic climate change are dominated by the combination of temperature and relative humidity responses. High FWI is more likely to occur under El Niño conditions, less likely under La Niña conditions, although the impacts of El Niño vs La Niña conditions are not symmetric when compared with El Niño Southern Oscillation neutral states. To summarize, both human-induced climate change and the presence of El Niño increased the likelihood of occurrence for the strong fire weather condition in 2015. Our results suggest that local and regional adaptation measures, such as improved drought monitoring and warning systems, could help with effective planning of fire prevention, firefighting actions, and disaster preparedness.
Evaluation of Insecticidal Properties of Four Essential Oils from Illicium verum, Curcuma longa, Foeniculum valgare, and Ocimum tenuiflorum against Spodoptera exigua.
Authors: Passara Hataichanok , Insung Ammorn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Four plant essential oils from Illicium verum (Star anise), Curcuma longa (Tumeric), Foeniculum vulgare (Sweet funnel), and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy basil) were tested against the 2nd instar larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua in order to evaluate their killing efficiency, and antifeedant activity by using leaf dipping bioassay. The results revealed that the essential oils from Illicium verum and Curcuma longa were the highest effective essential oils in having killing, and antifeedant property against the insect. At 24 hours, they caused 100% mortality with only 0.750% (v/v) concentration and showed the LC50 of 0.438 and 0.413%, respectively. Both essential oils at 0.500% concentration expressed the antifeedant property at 100% within 24 hours. So that, the essential oils of Illicium verum and Curcuma longa have a potential to be applied as botanical insecticide for Spodoptera exigua control management.
Sustainability indicators for rubber plantations in Thailand: Environmental integrity dimension
Authors: Phoungthong Khamphe , Sinutok Sutinee , Suttinun Oramas , Palamae Suriya , Mungkalasiri Jitti , Suksatit Prakaytham , Musikavong Charongpun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The natural rubber industry has played a vital role in Thailand’s economic, environmental, and social contexts. Therefore, sustainable rubber production is a significant concern. At present, a wide variety of international tools has been developed to assess the agricultural sector’s sustainability performance. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations developed the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems ( SAFA) in 2013. Environmental integrity is one of the dimensions of sustainability in SAFA. SAFA is applied to assess the impact of agriculture operations on the environment. This research aims to assess suitable environmental integrity indicators in compliance with SAFA for rubber plantations in Thailand. The system boundary is set to cover rubber plantations, harvesting of fresh latex, and rubber tree felling. This work conducted focus group discussions, using the SAFA, guidelines, indicators, and tools for rubber plantations, the review process by rubber plantation experts, representatives of rubber associations, SAFA researchers, and environmental scholars, and site visits to interview rubber farmers in the south, northeast, and north of Thailand. Environmental themes, including the atmosphere, water, land, biodiversity, and material and energy were included in assessing the environmental integrity of a rubber plantation. Animal welfare was not included.
Disentangling water sources in a gypsum plant community. Gypsum crystallization water is a key source of water for shallow-rooted plants
Authors: de la Puente Laura , Pedro Ferrio Juan , Palacio Sara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsGypsum drylands are widespread worldwide. In these arid ecosystems, the ability of different species to access different water sources during drought is a key determining factor of the composition of plant communities. Gypsum crystallization water could be a relevant source of water for shallow-rooted plants, but the segregation in the use of this source of water among plants remains unexplored. We analysed the principal water sources used by 20 species living in a gypsum hilltop, the effect of rooting depth and gypsum affinity, and the interaction of the plants with the soil beneath them.MethodsWe characterized the water stable isotope composition, δ 2H and δ 18O, of plant xylem water and related it to the free and gypsum crystallization water extracted from different depths throughout the soil profile and the groundwater, in both spring and summer. Bayesian isotope mixing models were used to estimate the contribution of water sources to plant xylem sap.Key ResultsIn spring, all species used free water from the top soil as the main source. In summer, there was segregation in water sources used by different species depending on their rooting depth, but not on their gypsum affinity. Gypsum crystallization water was the main source for most shallow-rooted species, whereas free water from 50 to 100 cm depth was the main source for deep-rooted species. We detected plant–soil interactions in spring, and indirect evidence of possible hydraulic lift by deep-rooted species in summer.ConclusionsPlants coexisting in gypsum communities segregate their hydrological niches according to their rooting depth. Crystallization water of gypsum represents an unaccounted for, vital source for most of the shallow-rooted species growing on gypsum drylands. Thus, crystallization water helps shallow-rooted species to endure arid conditions, which eventually accounts for the maintenance of high biodiversity in these specialized ecosystems.
Phylogeography of the smooth greensnake, Opheodrys vernalis (Squamata: Colubridae): divergent lineages and variable demographics in a widely distributed yet enigmatic species
Authors: Blais Brian R , Smith Brian E , Placyk John S , Casper Gary S , Spellman Garth M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Phylogeographic studies can uncover robust details about the population structure, demographics, and diversity of species. The smooth greensnake, Opheodrys vernalis, is a small, cryptic snake occupying mesic grassland and sparsely wooded habitats. Although O. vernalis has a wide geographical range, many metapopulations are patchy and some are declining. We used mitochondrial DNA and double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to construct the first phylogeographic assessment of O. vernalis. Genomic analysis of 119 individuals (mitochondrial DNA) and a subset of another 45 smooth greensnakes (nuclear DNA; N = 3031 single nucleotide polymorphisms) strongly supports two longitudinally separated lineages, with admixture in the Great Lakes region. Post-Pleistocene secondary contact best explains admixture from populations advancing northwards. Overall, populations expressed low heterozygosity, variable inbreeding rates, and moderate to high differentiation. Disjunct populations in the Rocky Mountains and central Great Plains regions might be contracting relicts, whereas northerly populations in more continuous mesic habitats (e.g., Prairie Pothole region, southern Canada) had signals of population expansion. Broadly, conservation management efforts should be focused on local populations, because habitat connectivity may facilitate gene flow and genetic diversity.
Prolonging photoperiod promotes testosterone synthesis of Leydig cells by directly targeting local melatonin system in rooster testes
Authors: Xu Gaoqing , Yuan Zhiyu , Hou Jiani , Zhao Jing , Liu Hongyu , Lu Wenfa , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The study investigated the effects of prolonging photoperiod on the synthesis of testosterone and melatonin in roosters, and the effect of melatonin on testosterone synthesis in rooster Leydig cells as well as its molecular mechanisms. We randomly divided one hundred and twenty 20-week-old roosters into three groups and provided 6, 12.5 and 16 h light, respectively. The results showed that prolonging photoperiod promoted testosterone synthesis, decreased melatonin production, and inhibited the expression of melatonin membrane receptors MEL1A, MEL1B, MEL1C, and aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) in rooster testes. Subsequently, rooster Leydig cells were isolated and treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL melatonin for 36 h. The results suggested that melatonin inhibited testosterone synthesis in rooster Leydig cells, and silencing MEL1A and MEL1B relieved the inhibition of melatonin on testosterone synthesis. Additionally, melatonin reduced the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level and the phosphorylation level of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and CREB overexpression alleviated the inhibition of melatonin on testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, pretreatment with cAMP activator forskolin or protein kinase A (PKA) activator 8-bromo-cAMP blocked the inhibition of melatonin on CREB phosphorylation and testosterone synthesis. These results indicated that prolonging photoperiod promoted testosterone synthesis associated with the decrease in melatonin production and membrane receptors and biosynthetic enzyme of melatonin in rooster testes, and melatonin inhibited testosterone synthesis of rooster Leydig cells by inhibiting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway via MEL1A and MEL1B. This may be evidence that prolonging photoperiod could promote testosterone synthesis through the inhibition of the local melatonin pathway in rooster testes.