bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Weak Link: Hypotonia in Infancy and Autism Early Identification
Authors: Gabis Lidia V. , Shaham Meirav , Leon Attia Odelia , Shefer Shahar , Rosenan Ruth , Gabis Tal , Daloya Michal 
Published: February 2021

Background: Presenting symptoms and age specific differential diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), determine the age of initial assessment and the age of a definite diagnosis. The AAP recommends screening all children for ASD at 18 and 24 months followed by a comprehensive evaluation for children with developmental concerns. More recently it has been recommended that the evaluation should be performed at a younger age, with a diagnosis being made as early as the beginning of the second year of life resulting in earlier intensive intervention.Objective: To assess early developmental milestones in a cohort of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in order to find an objective and reliable early marker. We suggest that low muscle tone- hypotonia, is a sign that meets the above criteria of consistency and reliability and may be related to early diagnosis.Methods: We compared age distributions of ASD diagnosis in the presence of hypotonia in a dataset of 5,205 children diagnosed at Keshet Center. One thousand, one hundred eighty-two children (953 males) were diagnosed with ASD and compared to other developmental diagnoses. Within the ASD cohort we further analyzed for gender and pre-maturity differences.Results: In the presence of hypotonia, the mean age for ASD diagnosis was significantly lower (by 1.5 years for males and females) and this effect increased in children born at term as compared to pre-maturity.Conclusions: Hypotonia is a recognizable marker of ASD and may serve as a “red flag” to prompt earlier recognition and neurodevelopmental evaluation toward an autism diagnosis.
An Evaluation of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Perceived Social Distancing Policies in Relation to Planning, Selecting, and Preparing Healthy Meals: An Observational Study in 38 Countries Worldwide
Authors: De Backer Charlotte , Teunissen Lauranna , Cuykx Isabelle , Decorte Paulien , Pabian Sara , Gerritsen Sarah , Matthys Christophe , Al Sabbah Haleama , Van Royen Kathleen ,   the Corona Cooking Survey Study Group
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo examine changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis.MethodsUsing cross-sectional online surveys collected in 38 countries worldwide in April-June 2020 (N = 37,207, Mage 36.7 SD 14.43, 73.6% women), we compared changes in food literacy behaviors to changes in personal factors and social distancing policies, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables.ResultsIncreases in planning (4.7 SD 1.2, 4.9 SD 1.3), selecting (3.8 SD 1.7, 3.8 SD 1.7), and preparing (4.6 SD 1.3, 4.7 SD 1.3) healthy foods were found for women and men, and positively related to perceived time availability among women and stay-at-home policies for planning and preparing in women. Psychological distress was a barrier for women, and an enabler for men. COVID-19 induced financial stress was a barrier depending on various sociodemographic variables (all p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionStay-at-home policies and feelings of having more time during COVID-19 seem to have improved food literacy among women. Stress and other social distancing policies relate to food literacy in more complex ways, highlighting the necessity of a health equity lens.
A New Horizon of Liquid Biopsy in Thymic Epithelial Tumors: The Potential Utility of Circulating Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Ottaviano Margaret , Giuliano Mario , Tortora Marianna , La Civita Evelina , Liotti Antonietta , Longo Michele , Bruzzese Dario , Cennamo Michele , Riccio Vittorio , De Placido Pietro , Picozzi Fernanda , Parola Sara , Daniele Bruno , Botti Gerardo , Formisano Pietro , Beguinot Francesco , De Placido Sabino , Terracciano Daniela , Palmieri Giovannella 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare thoracic malignancies, commonly divided into two different histopathological entities, thymoma (T) and thymic carcinoma (TC). To date, there are no specific biomarkers for monitoring the biological course of these rare tumors. We carried out a single center study aiming at the detection of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) and the correlation of its levels with metastatic dissemination and histological subtype in patients with TETs.MethodsFrom July 2018 to January 2020, 5-ml blood samples from 26 patients with advanced TET (aTET) (11 patients with TC and 15 patients with T) and from six patients with completely resected TET (cr-TET), were prospectively obtained before the initiation of systemic therapy. Blood samples from 10 healthy donors were used as control. The QIAamp MinElute ccfDNA Kits was used for ccfDNA isolation from plasma; real-time PCR was used for cfDNA quantification.ResultsWe found significantly higher ccfDNA amount in patients with T and TC compared to controls, with median ccfDNA level of 3.3 ng/µl, 11.4 ng/µl and 25.6 ng/µl, for healthy donors, T and TC patients, respectively (p&lt;0.001). No significant difference was found between cr-TET and controls (p = 0.175). ccfDNA concentrations were higher in metastatic (M1a and M1b) compared to non-metastatic (M0) TETs (25.6 ng/µl versus 7.2 ng/µl; p= 0.037). No significant correlation was found either between ccfDNA and disease stage, according to both the Masaoka-Koga (p= 0.854) and the TNM 8th edition staging systems (p = 0.66), or between ccfDNA levels and overall tumor burden, estimated according RECIST 1.1 criteria (r = 0.07, p = 0.725).ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that prospectively explores detection and quantification of ccfDNA in TETs. Higher baseline cfDNA levels have been observed in both advanced T and TC comparing to the control group.
Acetate Downregulates the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasomes and Attenuates Lung Injury in Neonatal Mice With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Zhang Qian , Ran Xiao , He Yu , Ai Qing , Shi Yuan 
Published: February 2021

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common pulmonary complication in preterm infants. Acetate is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota, and its anti-inflammatory function is well known. The role of acetate in BPD has not been studied. Here, we investigate the effects of acetate on lung inflammation and damage in mice model of BPD.Objective: To investigate the role of acetate in the development of BPD.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups on the 3rd day after birth: room air group, hyperoxia group, and hyperoxia + acetate (250 mM, 0.02 ml/g) group. The expression of inflammatory factors was determined by ELISA and RT-PCR, and NLRP3 and caspase-1 were detected by Western blot. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect bacterial communities in the mice intestines.Results: After acetate treatment, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, and caspase-1 were significantly reduced, while the expression of GPR43 was increased. In the BPD mice treated with acetate, the proportion of Escherichia-Shigella was lower than in placebo-treated BPD mice, while the abundance of Ruminococcus was increased.Conclusions: These results indicate that acetate may regulate intestinal flora and reduce inflammatory reactions and lung injury in BPD. Therefore, acetate may be an effective drug to protect against neonatal BPD.
Hardships in Italian Prisons During the COVID-19 Emergency: The Experience of Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Testoni Ines , Francioli Giada , Biancalani Gianmarco , Libianchi Sandro , Orkibi Hod 
Published: February 2021

Background: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the deficiencies that characterize the functioning of the Italian national health system. Prisons have always mirrored the most radical expressions of these weaknesses. During the early stages of the pandemic, prison facilities across Italy underwent a series of changes dictated by the need to ensure the safety of the prisoners and staff. The adoption of these rules contributed to a total or partial redefinition of many central facets of life in prison, such as intake procedures for new arrivals and the ways prisoners were allowed to communicate with their families.Objectives: The aim of this qualitative study was to analyze the testimony of penitentiary healthcare workers in prisons throughout Italy to determine the impact of COVID-19 on their professional and personal lives.Participants: Thirty-eight participants were contacted and 20 decided to participate in the interview. The sample was made up of 10 women and 10 men. All the participants were members of the healthcare staff of a penitentiary facility (psychologists, psychiatrists, physicians, and nurses). All were recruited through an Italian association whose mission is the development, promotion, and implementation of social solidarity projects including prisoners' social and health care. This study was facilitated through representatives serving in nine different regions of Italy. The participants were divided according to their professional roles in prisons.Method: In-depth interviews were conducted by telephone or online using telecommunication platforms (e.g., Zoom, WhatsApp, and Skype). The transcribed texts underwent thematic analysis using the Atlas.ti software to identify patterns of meaning across the dataset.Results: Four main themes emerged from the analysis: Interpersonal difficulties, management and operational difficulties, the personal distress and bereavement of healthcare workers, and the distress of inmates. The importance of relationship management skills when interacting with prisoners emerged as a key topic in many interviews, and the participants highlighted the need for adequate training. The increase in prisoners' anxiety made communication more difficult.Conclusions: The findings suggest that healthcare workers in jails need emergency-oriented training. Participants described their feeling of loneliness and quasi-abandonment when carrying out their duties during the pandemic. In particular, they underscored the need for psychological guidance to better manage altered reactions with prisoners and colleagues as a result of heightened death anxiety and isolation.
Statistical Analysis of Magnetic Field Fluctuations in Coronal Mass Ejection-Driven Sheath Regions
Authors: Kilpua E. K. J. , Good S. W. , Ala-Lahti M. , Osmane A. , Fontaine D. , Hadid L. , Janvier M. , Yordanova E. 
Published: February 2021

We report a statistical analysis of magnetic field fluctuations in 79 coronal mass ejection- (CME-) driven sheath regions that were observed in the near-Earth solar wind. Wind high-resolution magnetic field data were used to investigate 2 h regions adjacent to the shock and ejecta leading edge (Near-Shock and Near-LE regions, respectively), and the results were compared with a 2 h region upstream of the shock. The inertial-range spectral indices in the sheaths are found to be mostly steeper than the Kolmogorov −5/3 index and steeper than in the solar wind ahead. We did not find indications of an f−1 spectrum, implying that magnetic fluctuation properties in CME sheaths differ significantly from planetary magnetosheaths and that CME-driven shocks do not reset the solar wind turbulence, as appears to happen downstream of planetary bow shocks. However, our study suggests that new compressible fluctuations are generated in the sheath for a wide variety of shock/upstream conditions. Fluctuation properties particularly differed between the Near-Shock region and the solar wind ahead. A strong positive correlation in the mean magnetic compressibility was found between the upstream and downstream regions, but the compressibility values in the sheaths were similar to those in the slow solar wind (&lt;0.2), regardless of the value in the preceding wind. However, we did not find clear correlations between the inertial-range spectral indices in the sheaths and shock/preceding solar wind properties, nor with the mean normalized fluctuation amplitudes. Correlations were also considerably lower in the Near-LE region than in the Near-Shock region. Intermittency was also considerably higher in the sheath than in the upstream wind according to several proxies, particularly so in the Near-Shock region. Fluctuations in the sheath exhibit larger rotations than upstream, implying the presence of strong current sheets in the sheath that can add to intermittency.
Analisis Pasang Surut di Perairan Sungai Musi Menggunakan Metode Least Square (Studi Kasus Intake Air Baku Sistem Gandus Kota Palembang)
Authors: Saputra Agus , Gunawan Taufik Ari , Juliana Imroatul Chalimah 
Published: February 2021

The tides, which affect the water level of the Musi River causes some problems to occur in Palembang City. One of the main problems related to the tides of the Musi River, especially the low tide, is the failure of the raw water intake building of Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) Tirta Musi, Palembang City to operate. At a certain time the river water level recedes, the minimum water level entering the intake pump room is lower than the safe level for the pump to run. In this study, an analysis of the tides of the Musi River was carried out using the Least Square method to evaluate the design of the raw water intake building for the Gandus system to disclose whether it meets the minimum elevation requirements for pump operation. The field observations of the tides were carried out for 15 days for every 1 hour to obtain the primary data for this study using the Hobo Water Meter. The results of this study indicate that the type of the tides in the location of the study is a mixed tidal type with a Formzahl Value of 2.01. 4. Against the design plan of the gandus system of raw water intake, there is a chance that the elevation of the river water level is at 0.5 m from the end of the pump suction pipe, in which the pump cannot function.
More on the Population of the Crimean Tatars in 1917—1941
Authors: Исхаков С.М. 
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена дискуссионному в историографии вопросу о численности крымских татар в первой трети ХХ века. Данные различных подсчетов их количества существенным образом расходятся. Из приведенных фактов следует, что использование статистики в политических целях стала характерной чертой советской национальной политики рассматриваемого периода, а некритическое использование подобных официальных данных современными историками уводит все дальше от реального исторического процесса, который происходил тогда в Крыму.
The article examines a highly debatable question in historiography that is the population of Crimean Tatars during the first third of the 20th C. The available data from different sources differs greatly.
Presented are the facts which show how the usage of statistics turned to be a characteristic feature of Soviet national policy. Official data can thus lead away from the real picture without a critical analysis of the processes which took place in the Crimea at that time.
Predecessors & consequences of a tragedy: May 28 – June 01, 1945 Drau massacre
Authors: Кумук Дж. 
Published: February 2021

В статье рассматривается национальное и общественно-политическое противостояние северокавказских горцев большевистскому нашествию, проявившееся в антисоветской борьбе горской интеллигенции в европейских столицах в межвоенный период, массовом убийстве тысяч ни в чем не повинных людей в долине Драу в 1945 году, трагической истории жизни одного из беженцев по имени Черим Сообцоков, пережившего мировую войну, а также в экстрадиции и казнях сталинского режима. В конце концов, мы зададим себе простой вопрос: кто из них был худшим из зол? Иосиф Сталин или Адольф Гитлер? И при каких условиях их жертвы могут считаться преступниками только потому, что они надеялись на помощь одного из них, чтобы избежать угрозы, исходящей от другого?
The article examines the related national and socio-political resistance of the North Caucasian highlanders against the Bolshevik invasion embodied with the experiences of the anti-Soviet struggle of Mountain intelligentsia in European capitals during the interwar period, the massacre of thousands of innocent people in the Drau valley in 1945, and the tragic life story of an individual refugee named Tscherim Soobzokov, who survived the world war and the extradition to Stalinist execution. In the end, we ask a simple question to ourselves; Which one was more evil? Joseph Stalin or Adolf Hitler? And, in what circumstances should their victims can be considered as criminals just because they believed help from either of them to avoid the danger caused by the other?
«The Intrigues Are in Full Swing»: Five Letters of the Caucasian Political Émigrés G. Bammat, A. Kantemir and H. Hasmamedov from the Berlin «Adloniada» in 1942
Authors: Шнелле Й. 
Published: February 2021

Конференция, организованная Министерством иностранных дел Германии в 1942 году для многочисленной группы кавказских политиков-эмигрантов, известная как «Адлониада» (была названа в честь берлинской гостиницы, в которой останавливалось большинство участников), оказалась ключевым событием в формировании немецкой политики по отношению к Кавказскому региону. Пять опубликованных здесь писем впервые дают представление о работе конференции с точки зрения трех участников с Северного Кавказа и из Азербайджана. Эти письма помогают нам глубже понять ход определенных событий, погрузиться в интриги и политические инициативы участвующих в них кавказских эмигрантов, а также определить их отношение к немецкой принимающей стороне.
A conference organised by the German Foreign Ministry in 1942 for a large group of émigré politicians from the Caucasus – commonly referred to as the ‘Adloniada’ after the Berlin hotel most of them were staying at – proved to be a pivotal event in the evolution of German policies regarding the Caucasus region. Five letters published here for the first time provide an insight into its proceedings from the perspective of three participants from the North Caucasus and Azerbaijan. They help further our understanding of the concrete course of events, the intrigues among and political proposals of the attending Caucasian émigrés, as well as their attitudes towards their German hosts.
The Meaning of Rajah and Its Impact: A Study of Indonesian Madurese Tribes’ Belief in Kepping Classic Holy Book Based on Genetic Structuralism Lucius Goldmann
Authors: Basid Abdul , Hermanda Anilla Febriaty 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rajah’ is one of the ancestor’s legacy which use by Madura’s people, expecially who in Islamic boarding school of holy book until nowdays. ‘Rajah’ is still believed as one of amulet to keep a traditional holy book’s from termite, one species of the insect. This study wants to know and to investigate the opinion of Madura’s people about ‘rajah’ to their credibility to keep the traditional holy book’s based on genetic structuralism’s perspective. The results of this study are: a) the facts of humanity expresses when people put rajah in their holy books, their holy books will not be eaten by termite; b) collective subject represents teacher’s order to write rajah; c) worldview elaborates the function of rajah will work if the user believe in it; d) the structure of literary reflects one’s believe in the truth happening after they use rajah; and e) the dialectical method of understanding explanations refers to all available concepts. Thus, we can understand from facts of humanity, worldview, and structure of literary.
Isti’māl “Ammā” wa Jawābuhā fī al-Buḥūṡ al-‘Ilmīyah li al-Țalabah fī Syu’bah Ta’līm al-Lugah al-‘Arabīyah
Authors: Maturedi Faris , Indrianto Nino 
Published: February 2021

يدور النقاش في هذه المقالة حول تحليل الأخطاء النحوية بخصوص استعمال "أما" وجوابها في البحوث العلمية للطلبة في شعبة تعليم اللغة العربية بالجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية بجمبر. وتهدف كتابة هذه المقالة إلى معرفة شروط استعمال "أما" بالإضافة إلى وصف أخطاء الطلبة في استعماله. ونهج الباحث في هذه المقالة منهج البحث الكيفي الوصفي بالإضافة إلى تحليل الأخطاء لكوردر. ومن أهم نتائج هذه المقالة: أولا، تأتي "أما" حرف شرط وإخبار، ولذلك احتاج الجواب إلى الفاء كما في الشرط، فقد نابت "أما" مكان أداة الشرط (مهما) وفعل الشرط المجزوم (يكن) ولذلك ظهر جواب الشرط دون أن يظهر الشرط، نحو: (أما خالد فمسافر) أي: مهما يكن من شيء فخالد مسافر. ويجب اقتران جواب "أما" بالفاء الزائدة الرابطة إلا إذا دخلت على فعل قول محذوف مقترن بها. ثانيا، أخطاء الطلبة في استعمال "أما" وجوابها فتتمثل في عدم ذكرهم الفاء الرابطة الزائدة لجوابها واستعمال بعضهم همزة وصل بدل همزة قطع. أخطأت الطالبة الطالبة الأولى في 16 موضعا والطالب الثاني في 15 موضعا والطالب الثالث في 12 موضعا والطالبة الرابعة في 6 مواضع والطالبة الخامسة في 15 موضعا والطالبة السادسة في 25 موضعا والطالبة السابعة في 11 موضعا.
Iktisāb al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyah ka al-Lugat al-tsānawiyah ladā Talāmidzi al-Madrasah
Authors: Huda Mokhammad Miftakhul , Maskud  , Rachma Anggiya 
Published: February 2021

اللغة هي دور مهم فى حياة الإنسان. لأن اللغة هي الوسيلة للإتصال فى حياة المجتمع. إكتساب اللغة ينقسم على قسمان: اللغة الأولى واللغة الثانية. اكتساب اللغة الثانية تشير إلى أي لغة يتعلمها الفرد بعد لغة الأم. اللغة العربية هي يتم دراستها فى المدارس والمعاهد والجامعات. ونوع البحث فى هذا البحث هو المنهج الكيفى ويستخدم الباحثون فى هذه الرسالة منهج الدراسة المكتبية ( Library Research ) الذي ينتفع الكتب فى المكتبة، مع المجلات العلمية والمقالات، والكتب الأخر الذي يبحث عن اكتساب اللغة العربية. نتائج البحث هي اللغة العربية كاللغة الثانية وهي الدوافع في تعليم اللغة العربية كاللغة الثانية في المدرسة الثانوية المتفوقة دار العلوم هي الدعم من زعماء المدرسة والمدرسين بتكوين لجنة تنشيط اللغة العربية، وإجراء البرامج اللغوية من لجنة تنشيط اللغة العربية، وتنوع الأساليب في تدريس اللغة العربية، وعقد الاحتفالات والبرامج والمعاملة في الإدارة باللغة العربية.
Aktivitas Siswa SMP dalam Proses Pembelajaran Kooperatif pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika
Authors: Fatimah Luluk , Shofi Abdul 
Published: February 2021

Abstrak
Pembelajaran Kooperatif merupakan model pembelajaran yang menonjolkan aktivitas siswadalam menyelesaikan masalah. Model pemeblajaran ini juga sering digunakan pada mata pelajaran yang dianggap sulit untuk dipahami sehingga dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas siswa SMP dalam proses pembelajaran kooperatif pada mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Pembelajaran dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2019, semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2018/2019 dengan sasaran sebanyak 38 siswa kelas 9D SMP Negeri 35 Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas siswa SMP dalam proses pembelajaran kooperatif sangat baik, dengan persentase 88,6%. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas siswa SMP dalam proses pembelajaran kooperatif pada mata pelajaran matematika termasuk ke dalam kriteria sangat baik.
Kata Kunci: kooperatif, pembelajaran, matematika

Abstract
Cooperative learning is a learning model that emphasize student activity in solving problems. This learning model is also often used in subjects that are considered difficult to understand so that it can be used to improve the proccess and learning outcomes. The objective on this study is to find out the students’ activity during cooperative learning process in mathematics class. It is a descriptive study. The learning process was done on August 2019, with 38 students on the grade 9D, 35 State Junior High School Surabaya. Results show that students gave positive activities during the learning process, with 88.6% on percentage. In conclusion, the students’ activity during the cooperative learning process in mathematics class is very good.
Keywords: cooperative, learning, mathematics