bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital lock-in amplifier for space rubidium atomic clock
Authors: Jain Pratik , Priya Priyanka , Ram T. V. S. , Parikh K. S. , Bandi Thejesh N. 
Published: December 2021

In many low-noise applications, extracting information from the extremely noisy signal is required. This task can be accomplished by a lock-in amplifier if the frequency of the signal is known before detection. Error signal output from the physics package of the rubidium atomic clock (RbAC) is one of those noisy signals. A lock-in amplifier extracts the desired information from such a signal as the frequency of the error signal is known beforehand. The Space Applications Centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation is developing the Indian Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard (IRAFS) for Navigation with Indian Constellation. We have developed a digital lock-in amplifier with a very high-resolution frequency control voltage for IRAFS. This paper demonstrates the digital lock-in amplifier with a novel method of combining two 12-bit digital-to-analog converters (DACs) to get higher resolution 20-bit output for precise frequency control and tuning. This design technique allows a digital lock-in amplifier to be used for high-performance RbAC for space applications as precision DACs with higher resolution are not available in space-qualified versions.
Pop-out search instigates beta-gated feature selectivity enhancement across V4 layers
Authors: Westerberg Jacob A. , Sigworth Elizabeth A. , Schall Jeffrey D. , Maier Alexander 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Cerebral cortex is organized in topographical maps of cortical columns. These columns consist of mesoscopic neural circuits that preferentially respond to certain stimulus features like color. We show that attending a visual stimulus results in rhythmic gating of feature preferences along cortical columns. The strength of that rhythm directly impacts the behavioral outcome. These findings demonstrate that the dynamics of feature preferences in cortical columns underlie at least some of the rhythmicity that is associated with attention.
Pathological α-syn aggregation is mediated by glycosphingolipid chain length and the physiological state of α-syn in vivo
Authors: Fredriksen Kristina , Aivazidis Stefanos , Sharma Karan , Burbidge Kevin J. , Pitcairn Caleb , Zunke Friederike , Gelyana Eilrayna , Mazzulli Joseph R. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Gaucher disease (GD) is a glycosphingolipid (GSL) lysosomal storage disorder that displays a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including the presence or absence of neurological symptoms. GD-causing mutations in β-glucocerebrosidase are also associated with synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease, but with incomplete penetrance. Our data indicates that accumulation of long-chain GSLs (≥C22) is critically important for inducing α-synuclein neuropathology in vivo. Reducing long-chain GSLs by 30 to 40% was sufficient to prevent or reverse α-synuclein neuropathology but only in the presence of fully functional cathepsins. Our work offers mechanistic insight into the factors that drive neurodegenerative phenotypes in GD and suggests that GSL-reducing therapies require functional cathepsins to effectively reduce pathological α-synuclein and prevent neurodegeneration.
Probing allosteric interactions in homo-oligomeric molecular machines using solution NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Toyama Yuki , Kay Lewis E. 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceMuch like the macroscopic machines that carry out important functions in everyday life, microscopic molecular machines play critical roles in cellular activities. Often, these are regulated by communication between different regions of the molecule. Here, several examples are presented focusing on solution NMR spectroscopy studies of machines that are important for protein quality control in the cell. In particular, the unique role of NMR in such studies is emphasized, highlighting that applications to systems with aggregate molecular weights of several hundreds of kilodaltons are now possible and that insights from NMR studies are highly complementary to, yet distinct from, those obtained via X-ray and electron cryomicroscopy approaches.
The acceptance of spelling variants as symbols of Croatian spelling changes (1994–2013)
Authors: Stojanov Tomislav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the impact of several spelling changes in Croatian on the level of the literacy of native speakers. Since 1986, there have been five official recommendations for usage that pertain to five different orthographic manuals. This research focuses on three spelling points with considerable identity-related repercussions among the public and the media, which are sometimes named the spelling symbols of Croatian. A questionnaire-survey comprised of 36 tests was completed among 1063 students on a technical study programme each year for eight consecutive academic years. Eight generations of first-year undergraduates, who do not study language in an educational setting, have accepted the new spellings, contingent on a frequency principle. The more frequent a spelling variant occurs, the less the chance that the new spelling variant is accepted, and vice versa. Given the lack of established and enduring spelling norms, combined with ideological oppositions between the old and new spelling forms, students have been guided mainly by their capacity to write the most common form.
Hebrew script for Jewish languages
Authors: Daniels Peter T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
That “script follows religion” is well known. Missionary activities by Christian, Manichaean and Islamic, and Buddhist and Hindu proselytizers brought literacy, in alphabetic, abjadic, and abugidic scripts respectively, to previously non-literate communities in Europe, Asia and Africa, and South and Southeast Asia respectively. Judaism, however, did not proselytize; instead, it “wandered,” bringing Jewish communities throughout Europe and a good part of Asia, to lands that were already literate thanks to those earlier missionaries. Jewish languages emerged when diaspora communities adopted vernaculars altered on the basis of the culture-languages Hebrew and Aramaic. Such communities treasured their Hebrew and Aramaic literacies and often wrote the vernaculars using Hebrew script.
The Hebrew letters denote consonants only, but the Jewish languages usually have more than 22 consonants and a number of vowels. Medieval Hebrew scholars devised vowels marks, used almost exclusively in sacred texts, but most Jewish languages barely use them. Unlike the other missionary scripts, Hebrew-script orthographies were often influenced by the indigenous orthographies they encountered.
Exploring those influences needs an abbreviated account of the development of Hebrew orthography from its second-millennium bce forebears. A few examples follow of the adaptations of Hebrew script to Jewish languages, and various commonalities are found among such adaptations that probably emerged independently with little contact between speakers of the various languages. The question arises as to whether similar divergences and commonalities are found in other scripts spread in Scriptural contexts. That they are generally not reflects the difference between scripts arriving in non-literate versus literate surroundings.
Ultrafast spectroscopy of C-H vibrations in pathogenic bacteria in 3-μm spectral range
Authors: Shelygina S , Kompanets V , Tolordava E , Gonchukov S , Chekalin S , Kudryashov S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dynamic optical density spectra were obtained under multipulse excitation of bacterial cultures of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by 3 μm mid-infrared ultrashort laser pulses, corresponding to the vibrational excitation of the C–H bonds of the bacterial cell. These spectra demonstrated pronounced laser intensity-dependent blue spectral shift, presumably associated with the breaking of hydrogen bonds, which are responsible for the formation of secondary and tertiary protein structures.
Nickel recovery from precipitate of NCA lithium-ion battery leach liquor by using disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate
Authors: Izzati A U N , Petrus H T B M , Prasetya A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The nickel cobalt aluminium oxides (NCA) type Li-ion battery is a type of battery currently used in electric vehicles. The UGM battery team has recycled this type of battery to obtain high purity lithium metal. Aside from lithium, the NCA battery contains high-value metals, nickel is one of them. This experiment aims to test the ease of nickel to chelate with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA). The experiment was carried out by means of a triple neck flask for 4 hours. The samples were taken at certain minutes and then fitted using a pseudo homogeneous first-order reaction equation. The chelate formed was further processed through multilevel precipitation or electrodialysis to separate nickel. Based on the experiment, nickel formed chelates optimally at 60°C using 0.086 M EDTA with the reaction constant for nickel being 1.4819 min−1. The Arrhenius constant and activation energy for nickel were 3.48×1011min−1 and 76,907 J/mole, respectively.
Lithium recovery from synthetic geothermal brine using electrodialysis method
Authors: Sujoto V S H , Sutijan  , Astuti W , Mufakhir F R , Petrus H T B M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The demand of lithium in the global market is experiencing a significant increase. The electric vehicle era is the driving force of this lithium increase phenomenon. Although the demand of lithium continues to increase every year, the available lithium resources are still not able to meet the demand, so that lithium resources with much greater potential are being considered. The main objective of this study is to extract lithium from a primary resource, geothermal brine, with a practical and environmentally friendly method. Research on the extraction of lithium resources from synthetic geothermal brine with a specific lithium composition using the electrodialysis (ED) method has been carried out. The ED device used is provided with electricity and is operated using temperature variations (30°C and 40°C) and variations in electric voltage (2 V and 4 V). The highest flux is achieved at an operating temperature of 40°C and a power supply voltage of 4 V.
Lithium titanium oxide synthesis by solid-state reaction for lithium adsorption from artificial brine source
Authors: H Tangkas I W C W , Astuti W , Sutijan  , Sumardi S , Petrus H T B M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lithium and titanium are the materials that have an essential role in today’s industrial world, especially in LIBs (lithium-ion batteries). LIBs have become an important issue nowadays due to the imbalance between supply and demand. Lithium adsorption from brine sources becomes an alternative source using various methods. This study aims to find the characteristic of LTO (lithium titanium oxide), which was synthesized by the solid-state reaction process for adsorption lithium from an artificial brine source. The variables studied were temperature and the solid-solid ratio of Li and Ti. Each LTO obtained was analyzed using XRD to define the crystal structure and composition of LTO formed. The LTO product has a monoclinic structure, with more significant peaks in 2-theta 18° and 43°. The size of crystals formed is influenced by temperature and ratio of solid Li/Ti. The largest crystal formed at a temperature of 600°C and 750°C is 512 nm and 50 nm. The higher the temperature, the smaller the crystal sized formed and the higher Li/Ti solid ratio, the greater the crystal size formed.
Characterization of gold ore from Babakan Loa Sub-District and leaching study in cyanide solution
Authors: Arham L O , Mufakhir F R , Putri I A , Wahab  , Hakim H Z , Handoko A S , Sudibyo  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Research on the characterization of gold ore from Babakan Loa sub-district and studies of leaching in cyanide solution has been carried out. This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of gold ore from Babakan Loa and the leaching behavior in cyanide solution. The preparations carried out were crushing and grinding to obtain several size fractions. The ore characterization was carried out through XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX, and wet chemical analysis. XRD analysis results show that the main mineral phases are quartz, hematite, goethite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and berlinite. The main constituents of the ore were Si (60.96%), Fe (10.71%), K (5.47%), and Al (19.53%). The Au content was 7.8 ppm, and the results of SEM-EDX analysis show that the gold grain size is smaller than 10µm. The leaching process showed that the highest percent gold extraction data of 92.7% was obtained in experiments with 1000 ppm sodium cyanide concentration, 10% solids percent, and 104-149µm grain size. Increasing the percentage of solids and the reduction in grain size led to a decrease in the percentage of gold extraction. The clay content was suspected to be the cause of the ineffectiveness of the leaching process in this study.
Characterization approach to develop distillation process for production of anode-grade coal tar pitch
Authors: Phiciato  , Rianda S , Irawan C , Sinaga D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many efforts have been spent to make a trade-off between designing an efficient distillation system and meeting very strict requirements of pitch product. The design of coal tar distillation for pitch production should be able not only energetically efficient but also to meet the physicochemical requirements of pitch. This paper presents a practical approach and a systematic method of material characterizations to evaluate appropriate distillation operating conditions. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple coal tar distillation process that focused on obtaining anode-grade binder having certain specifications. The distillation process was carried out in two stages. The first stage occurred up to 360-370°C at atmospheric pressure to separate all volatile fractions. The second stage distillation involves vacuum pressure with 4 conditions in which A<B<C<D ranging from -4 to -35 cmHg and varying soaking time to convert soft pitch into hard pitch. Higher vacuum pressure of distillation is not necessarily high to meet specifications. Our finding shows that B is the most favourable vacuum pressure and can be further heat treated for specific requirements of pitch.
Low-rank coal and poly fatty acid distillate characterization as a preparation of coal upgrading palm oil technology
Authors: Lee Sihyun , Yoo Jiho , Fatia Umar Datin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The utilization of low-rank coal is restricted by such factors as high moisture content, low heating value, high propensity to low-temperature oxidation, spontaneous combustion, etc. Some coal upgrading technologies to reduce the moisture content have been developed, one of them is coal upgrading palm oil technology using palm fatty acid distillate as an additive to keep the stability of moisture content in the coal after the process. To study the possibility of the upgrading technology application in Indonesia, some studies have been conducted. The study covered coal characterization such as proximate, ultimate and calorific value, palm fatty acid distillate for stabilization of upgraded low-rank coal and coal upgrading by coal upgrading palm oil technology in laboratory scale. By using 7 Indonesian low-rank coals and 4 palm fatty acid distillates, it is confirmed that the coal upgrading palm oil technology is effective to reduce the moisture content and increase the calorific value of low rank coal.
Various sources of rare earth element enrichment at Manamas volcanic rock, Timor Island
Authors: Jati Widiatama Angga , Christin Natalia Happy , Ikhram Rinaldi , Dwita Santy Lauti , Wahyudiono Joko , Rangga Setia Wiguna Lanang , Faranabila Syifa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Manamas volcanic rock formed due to crustal thinning in fore arc setting. This research aims to provide information and the enrichment process of rare earth elements in Manamas Formation on the Timor Island and their tectonic implication. Manamas volcanic rock exposed in Bihati River, Baun, Timor consists of two different types of basalts, namely alkaline basalt and sub alkaline basalt. Analysis using ICP-MS method shows enrichment in large ion lithophile element and high field strength element. Subalkaline basalt has N-MORB patterns and alkaline basalt have OIB patterns. The Nb element is relatively impoverished that indicates influence of subduction activities. Thorium and uranium elements also show significant enrichment, due to sedimentary rocks contamination or continental crust or directly from the asthenosphere due to magma upwelling. The two distinctive patterns interpreted due to slab tear phenomenon beneath Timor Island during Australia oceanic plate subduction and recycled oceanic crust beneath Banda Arc.
Hydrology model establishment of pit lake: Extreme event rainfall data analysis
Authors: Danasla M A , Kusuma G J , Tuheteru E J , Gautama R S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Analysis of water management in the pit lake is divided into two conditions, namely Continuous Events and Extreme Events. The former is an analysis of pit lake management related to the water filling in a pit lake that takes place continuously. Meanwhile, the later is the analysis of pit lake management related to the possibility of extreme conditions that will occur, including extreme rainfall. This study is focused only on the Extreme Event conditions. The Gumbel method is used to calculate the planned return period rainfall T concerning the prediction of extreme rainfall. Meanwhile, for a certain return period, rainfall intensity can be predicted using the Mononobe formula. Based on the result of calculation the Gumbel method, it shows that the planned rainfall for a return period of 10 years is 132.9 mm / day. Then based on the results of the calculation of rainfall intensity using the Mononobe formula, it is obtained that the intensity of rainfall for a return period of 10 years with a concentration-time of 5 minutes is 241.5 mm/hour, while the amount of rainfall intensity with a concentration-time of 300 minutes or 5 hours is 15.8 mm/hour.
Mining disposal erosion evaluation: A case study
Authors: Novianti Y S , Saismana U , Yuhanes Y , Fikri H N 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Mining disposal (dumping overburden) area is the primary consideration in the reclamation process in mining activities, especially in mining activity. The current study aims to determine the rate of erosion and the level of erosion hazard at mine disposal using water flow distribution. This research was conducted in a coal mine in Kalimantan. Based on the structure of the runoff flow distribution model, this study divides disposal into three land units. The universal soil loss equation in three land units was obtained for erosion values. The value for each land unit is 76 tons/ha/year, 134 tons/ha/year, and 50 tons/ha/year. These three land units are under the level of moderate and light danger of erosion. Afterward, three recommendations were made to the three land units. The first recommendation is the condition of land cover does not change, and conservation changes; the second recommendation is with changes in land cover, but conservation does not change; and the third recommendation is with conditions of land cover and conservation change. The second recommendation shows the best results compared to the other recommendations.
The effect of rock permeability value on groundwater influx in underground coal gasification reactor
Authors: Madiutomo Nendaryono , Hermawan Willy , Weningsulistri  , Pamungkas Madya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rock permeability value is one of the most significant rock’s physical properties that affect groundwater influx processes in underground coal gasification (UCG). This value of rock permeability (K), namely the vertical permeability of flanking rocks (Kv) and horizontal permeability of coal (Kh). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the influence of the value of rock permeability on the potential of groundwater influx. The effect of rock permeability on groundwater influx into the UCG gasification reactor cavity in the presence of thermal loads and mineral composition content is large and significant to consider. Based on the resistance to heat loads, the type of sandstone lithology is relatively more resistant compared to siltstone and claystone lithology.
Performance of Centrocema grown on mercury-contaminated tailing inoculated with beneficial bacteria: Preliminary study
Authors: Hindersah R , Sunarya Y , Arifin M , Priyadi R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Low levels of major essential nutrients and high mercury (Hg) content in gold mine tailings can inhibit plant growth. An inexpensive and effective strategy to overcome these obstacles was inoculation of plant-growth promoting bacteria and planting legume cover crops (LCC). A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of isolates of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria (NFB) and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on some growth characteristics of LCC Censtrosema pubescens (butterfly pea) grown in Hg-contaminated tailing of gold mine tailing. Moreover, the research was aimed to verify the viability of two bacterial groups in tailing after inoculation. The experiment was set up in randomized block design to test single and mixed inoculation of NFB and PSB. The experiment verified that the single inoculation and mixture of two bacteria did not change plant properties compared to the control treatment. Although the statistical analysis was not significant, there were slightly increase in root length as well as NFB and PSB populations of inoculated plants.
The potency of Cassia siamea as phytostabilization in post-mining land reclamation
Authors: Kusumaningtyas V A , Azizah H N , Murniati A , Budiman S , Sujono H , Hardian A , Melina M , Setiawati T , Prajitno D 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRevegetation for reclamation is a strategic effort to overcome the negative impacts of coal mining. The growth of reclaimed vegetation has a positive impact in reducing soil density so that it is suitable for the growth of food plants, and also can increase the content of soil organic matter. One of the efforts to restore the function of post-mining land is by planting legumes, one of the species isCassia siamea(C. siamea). The method used is a literature study. Literature searches were using the Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Science Direct databases. From the results of a literature search,C. siameacan accumulate heavy metals as phytostabilization by reduces the mobility and presence of pollutants in the soil by accumulating the metallic trace elements (MTE) into the roots. These plants produce proline, a substance that is produced when drought occurs so that the inside of the plant does not suffer from differences in water concentrations.C. siameacan restore and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil to become more fertile and rich in nutrients with Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis and also has a high RMSI (> 0.500), this value is preferable for reclamation of post-mining land.