bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal waveform denoising using deep learning for injection laser systems of inertial confinement fusion high-power laser facilities
Authors: Chen Wei , Lu Xinghua , Fan Wei , Wang Xiaochao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For the pulse shaping system of the SG-II-up facility, we propose a U-shaped convolutional neural network that integrates multi-scale feature extraction capabilities, an attention mechanism and long short-term memory units, which effectively facilitates real-time denoising of diverse shaping pulses. We train the model using simulated datasets and evaluate it on both the simulated and experimental temporal waveforms. During the evaluation of simulated waveforms, we achieve high-precision denoising, resulting in great performance for temporal waveforms with frequency modulation-to-amplitude modulation conversion (FM-to-AM) exceeding 50%, exceedingly high contrast of over 300:1 and multi-step structures. The errors are less than 1% for both root mean square error and contrast, and there is a remarkable improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio by over 50%. During the evaluation of experimental waveforms, the model can obtain different denoised waveforms with contrast greater than 200:1. The stability of the model is verified using temporal waveforms with identical pulse widths and contrast, ensuring that while achieving smooth temporal profiles, the intricate details of the signals are preserved. The results demonstrate that the denoising model, trained utilizing the simulation dataset, is capable of efficiently processing complex temporal waveforms in real-time for experiments and mitigating the influence of electronic noise and FM-to-AM on the time–power curve.
A psychological contract perspective of supervisors’ satisfaction with employees
Authors: Darden Tanja R. , Brekashvili Paata , Schurer Lambert Lisa , Currie Ryan , Hardt Greg Falcon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The focus of job satisfaction literature remains on the subordinate even though supervisors are responsible for evaluating employee performance, determining employee pay, raises, promotions, growth opportunities, etc., all of which impact employees’ subsequent performance that contributes (or not) to organizational success. Using a psychological contracts lens, we develop and test theoretical arguments predicting supervisors’ response to contributions is not uniformly positive depending on the type and amount of contribution involved. Across two studies, we ask supervisors to evaluate subordinates’ delivered contributions relative to promised contributions. Our results challenge the assumption that supervisors always desire larger amounts of work from their subordinates; excess contributions were associated with lower supervisors’ satisfaction with subordinates for some types of contributions. The results imply that subordinates’ contributions of work to supervisors may influence supervisors’ satisfaction with subordinates perhaps affecting their performance reviews and career opportunities.
Contextual learning and retention of phrasal verbs
Authors: Tadayonifar Mojtaba , Elgort Irina , Siyanova-Chanturia Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A common way of acquiring multiword expressions is through language input, such as during reading and listening. However, this type of learning is slow. Identifying approaches that optimize learning from input, therefore, is an important language-learning endeavor. In the present study, 85 learners of English as a foreign language read short texts with 42 figurative English phrasal verbs, repeated three times. In a counterbalanced design, we manipulated access to definitions (before text, after text, no definition) and typographic enhancement (with bolding, without bolding). The learning was measured by immediate and delayed gap-fill and meaning generation posttests. All posttests showed that learning with definitions was better than without, and that access to definitions after reading was more beneficial than before reading. Typographic enhancement effectively promoted contextual learning of phrasal verbs and increased the learning advantage associated with presenting definitions after reading.
Against the Phrase “Aggressive Care”
Authors: Bibler Trevor M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Language is the primary technology clinical ethicists use as they offer guidance about norms. Like any other piece of technology, to use the technology well requires attention, intention, skill, and knowledge. Word choice becomes a matter of professional practice. The Brief Report offers clinical ethicists several reasons for rejecting the phrase “aggressive care.” Instead, ethicists should consider replacing “aggressive care” with the adjacent concept of a “recovery-focused path.” The virtues of this neologism include: the opportunity to set aside the emotion of “aggression,” the phrase’s accuracy when capturing the intention of the patient or their representative, and an unappreciated rhetorical force—and transparent logic—that arises when the patient’s recovery is unlikely.
CBT-E following discontinued FBT for adolescents with eating disorders: time for a more individual approach?
Authors: Wilson Daniel R , Withington Tania , Dalle Grave Riccardo , Dalton Melanie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Family-based treatment (FBT) has proven efficacy among adolescents with eating disorders (ED). However, it is not effective or suitable for all young people and their families, which makes alternative treatments important. This is the first pilot study to compare the relative effectiveness of manualised enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) among a transdiagnostic eating disorder sample of adolescents for whom CBT-E was their first ED treatment (n=42), and a group who had previously started FBT which had been discontinued without full recovery (n=27). Participants (n=69) aged 13–17 with an eating disorder completed manualised CBT-E. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI) centile, ED psychopathology and clinical impairment. Across the cohort, results showed improvements across ED psychopathology, clinical impairment and BMI centile. The effect of the intervention on ED psychopathology and clinical impairment did not vary between groups, nor did attrition rates. There was a difference between the groups on BMI centile, with those who had previously been treated with FBT showing no change in BMI centile, whereas those with no previous FBT increased BMI at post-treatment. Implications from this research suggest that CBT-E is a viable promising alternative and could be offered among those for whom FBT has not achieved full recovery.

Key learning aims

(1)
Delivering CBT-E to adolescents with eating disorders who have previously engaged in FBT but have not achieved full recovery is a promising subsequent treatment option.

(2)
CBT-E was similarly completed and displayed similar overall group reductions in eating disorder symptoms in those who had discontinued FBT without full recovery compared with those who had not previously engaged with FBT.

(3)
Results suggest that CBT-E could be offered when FBT has not achieved full recovery, although more research is required to understand optimal timings of treatment transition in such instances.
Sea Ice Dipole Around East Antarctica Induced by Remote Forcing From Indian Ocean
Authors: Ma Weihan , Li Xichen , Zhang Li , Hou Yurong , Man Kai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile the variability of West Antarctic sea ice, represented by the Antarctic Dipole (ADP), has been extensively investigated, the sea ice variability around East Antarctica has received relatively less attention. In this study, we identify significant dipole‐like sea ice variability over the Bellingshausen, Weddell, and King Hakon VII Seas during austral winter, which is comparable in magnitude to the ADP and is termed the East Antarctic sea ice Dipole (EAD). Our analysis shows that the EAD pattern is driven by local thermodynamic and dynamic processes associated with an anomalous low‐pressure system over the Weddell Sea, which is linked to a Rossby wave train triggered by tropical sea surface temperature variabilities, particularly those over the Indian Ocean. This teleconnection between the Indian Ocean and East Antarctica is further confirmed by numerical model experiments, with Indian Ocean warming identified as the main forcing. Our findings highlight the importance of this teleconnection in improving sea ice prediction models, especially in light of the projected acceleration of Indian Ocean warming in climate models.
Analysis of Electron Distribution Functions From the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission Using the Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Sanò Beniamino , Maes Anno Nathan N. , Newman David L. , Goldman Marty , Valentini Francesco , Perrone Denise , Lapenta Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVelocity distribution functions (VDFs) measured by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission are complex 3D data sets that can be represented as a superposition of multiple beams. Recent work proposed the use of the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to identify different populations. Here we investigate the approach by considering first synthetic distributions made by synthetically creating beams of either Maxwellian distributions or kappa distributions with varying power law index. By varying the inter‐beam average difference and the beam standard deviation we evaluate the ability of the GMM in recognizing correctly the beam. We then apply the method systematically to MMS data in the tail and in the dayside of the Earth's magnetosphere. The approach relies on a GMM algorithm to detect and characterize the number of distinct clusters within a VDF, and a model selection approach based on the Bayesian Information Criterion to determine the optimal number of clusters. The conclusion of the analysis is that the GMM can estimate the complexity of a VDF in terms of the number of optimal beams provided by information theory criteria. By evaluating the complexity of VDFs, we can identify regions of interest within the plasma where significant physical phenomena may be present.
Evolution of Terrestrial Aridity and Dryland Since Pangea
Authors: Li Zhibo , Hu Yongyun , Fu Qiang , Bao Xiujuan , Zhang Jian , Li Xiang , Guo Jiaqi , Lin Qifan , Yuan Shuai , Lan Jiawenjing , Han Jing , Zhang Shiyan , Wei Qiang , Liu Yonggang , Yang Jun , Nie Ji , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the geological past, terrestrial aridity had critical influences on the evolution of life and ecosystems. Here, we combine climate simulations and geological records to investigate the evolution of terrestrial aridity since Pangea. Throughout this geological epoch, tectonics had led to the breakup and reassembly of landmasses, alongside climatic oscillations between hothouse and icehouse conditions. Our findings reveal a dynamic landscape of dryland coverage, encompassing approximately 56% of global land during Pangea, diminishing to about 32% in the Cretaceous, and subsequently rising to around 40% in the Cenozoic era. We identify continental configurations and surface temperatures as pivotal determinants of dryland distribution. Our analysis indicates that the evolution of dryland areas is predominantly influenced by the subtropical land area (79.5%) and global mean surface temperature (15.4%). Furthermore, our study highlights a significant expansion of the dryland area, particularly within semi‐arid regions, during periods of carbon dioxide‐induced warming, attributed chiefly to increased potential evapotranspiration.
Prediction and observation of topological modes in fractal nonlinear optics
Authors: Malomed Boris A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis item from the News and Views (N&V) category aims to provide a summary of theoretical and experimental results recently published in ref. 24, which demonstrates the creation of corner modes in nonlinear optical waveguides of the higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) type. Actually, these are second-order HOTIs, in which the transverse dimension of the topologically protected edge modes is smaller than the bulk dimension (it is 2, in the case of optical waveguide) by 2, implying zero dimension of the protected modes, which are actually realized as corner or defect ones. Work24 reports the prediction and creation of various forms of the corner modes in a HOTI with a fractal transverse structure, represented by the Sierpiński gasket (SG). The self-focusing nonlinearity of the waveguide's material transforms the corner modes into corner solitons, almost all of which are stable. The solitons may be attached to external or internal corners created by the underlying SG. This N&V item offers an overview of these new findings reported in ref. 24 and other recent works, and a brief discussion of directions for further work on this topic.
Building a growing genomic repository for maternal and fetal health through the PING Consortium
Authors: Abdelmalek Clara M. , Singh Shriya , Fasil Blain , Horvath Allison R. , Mulkey Sarah B. , Curé Carlos , Campos Maribel , Cavalcanti Denise P. , Tong Van T. , Mercado Marcela , Daza Marcela , Benavides Mónica Marcela , Acosta Jacqueline , Gilboa Suzanne , Valencia Diana , Sancken Christina L. , Newton Suzanne , Scalabrin Deolinda M. F. , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa M. , Vasconcelos Zilton , Chakhtoura Nahida , Moye Jack , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Bulas Dorothy , Vezina Gilbert , Marques Fernanda J. P. , Leyser Marcio , Del Campo Miguel , Vilain Eric , DeBiasi Roberta L. , Wang Tongguang , Nath Avindra , Haydar Tarik , Muenke Max , Mansour Tamer A. , du Plessis Adre J. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Cordero José F. , Kousa Youssef A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Prenatally transmitted viruses can cause severe damage to the developing brain. There is unexplained variability in prenatal brain injury and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes, suggesting disease modifiers. Of note, prenatal Zika infection can cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, including congenital Zika syndrome. Currently, there is no preventative treatment or cure. The Prenatal Infection and Neurodevelopmental Genetics (PING) Consortium aims to identify modulators of brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes for Zika and other prenatal viral infections.

Methods
The Consortium pools information from eight multi-site studies conducted at 23 research centers in six countries to build a growing clinical and genomic repository, which is being mined for modifiers of virally induced brain injury. Partners include Children’s National Hospital (USA), Instituto Nacional de Salud (Colombia), the Natural History of Zika Virus Infection in Gestation program (Brazil), Zika Instituto Fernandes Figueira (Brazil), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institutes of Health.

Results
We have enrolled 4102 mothers and 3877 infants with 3063 biological samples and clinical data covering over 80 phenotypic fields and 5000 variables. Thus far, we have performed whole exome sequencing on 1226 participants.

Conclusion
Here, we present the Consortium’s formation and overarching study design.

Impact
The PING Consortium brings together investigators and institutions to determine the causes of virally induced brain injury and neurological deficits. The clinical and genomic repository, with data from over 8000 patients, will serve as a foundation for a variety of basic and clinical studies.
Molecular and spatial analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures in Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Nayar Saba , Turner Jason D. , Asam Saba , Fennell Eanna , Pugh Matthew , Colafrancesco Serena , Berardicurti Onorina , Smith Charlotte G. , Flint Joe , Teodosio Ana , Iannizzotto Valentina , Gardner David H. , van Roon Joel , Korsunsky Ilya , Howdle Dawn ,   Roche Fibroblast Network Consortium, Brenner Michael , Coles Mark , Powrie Fiona M. , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Frei Andreas P. , Lassen Kara G. , Bowman Simon J. , Ng Wan-Fai , Croft Adam P. , Filer Andrew , Fisher Benjamin A. , Buckley Christopher D. , Barone Francesca 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTertiary lymphoid structures play important roles in autoimmune and non-autoimmune conditions. While many of the molecular mechanisms involved in tertiary lymphoid structure formation have been identified, the cellular sources and temporal and spatial relationship remain unknown. Here we use combine single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and proteomics of minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren’s disease and Sicca Syndrome, with ex-vivo functional studies to construct a cellular and spatial map of key components involved in the formation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures. We confirm the presence of a fibroblast cell state and identify a pericyte/mural cell state with potential immunological functions. The identification of cellular properties associated with these structures and the molecular and functional interactions identified by this analysis may provide key therapeutic cues for tertiary lymphoid structures associated conditions in autoimmunity and cancer.
Monogamy relations for relativistically causal correlations
Authors: Weilenmann Mirjam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNon-signalling conditions encode minimal requirements that any (quantum) systems must satisfy in order to be consistent with special relativity. Recent works have argued that in scenarios involving more than two parties, correlations compatible with relativistic causality do not have to satisfy all possible non-signalling conditions but only a subset of them. Here we show that correlations satisfying only this subset of constraints have to satisfy highly non-local monogamy relations between the effects of space-like separated random variables. These monogamy relations take the form of entropic inequalities between the various systems and we give a general method to derive them. Using these monogamy relations, we refute previous suggestions for physical mechanisms that could lead to relativistically causal correlations, demonstrating that such mechanisms would lead to superluminal signalling.
Multiphase superconductivity in PdBi2
Authors: Powell Lewis , Kuang Wenjun , Hawkins-Pottier Gabriel , Jalil Rashid , Birkbeck John , Jiang Ziyi , Kim Minsoo , Zou Yichao , Komrakova Sofiia , Haigh Sarah , Timokhin Ivan , Balakrishnan Geetha , Geim Andre K. , Walet Niels , Principi Alessandro , Grigorieva Irina V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnconventional superconductivity, where electron pairing does not involve electron-phonon interactions, is often attributed to magnetic correlations in a material. Well known examples include high-Tc cuprates and uranium-based heavy fermion superconductors. Less explored are unconventional superconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling, where interactions between spin-polarised electrons and external magnetic field can result in multiple superconducting phases and field-induced transitions between them, a rare phenomenon in the superconducting state. Here we report a magnetic-field driven phase transition in β-PdBi2, a layered non-magnetic superconductor. Our tunnelling spectroscopy on thin PdBi2 monocrystals incorporated in planar superconductor-insulator-normal metal junctions reveals a marked discontinuity in the superconducting properties with increasing in-plane field, which is consistent with a transition from conventional (s-wave) to nodal pairing. Our theoretical analysis suggests that this phase transition may arise from spin polarisation and spin-momentum locking caused by locally broken inversion symmetry, with p-wave pairing becoming energetically favourable in high fields. Our findings also reconcile earlier predictions of unconventional multigap superconductivity in β-PdBi2 with previous experiments where only a single s-wave gap could be detected.
Complement factor H targeting antibody GT103 in refractory non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 1b dose escalation trial
Authors: Clarke Jeffrey M. , Simon George R. , Mamdani Hirva , Gu Lin , Herndon James E. , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Ready Neal , Crawford Jeffrey , Sonpavde Guru , Balevic Stephen , Nixon Andrew B. , Campa Michael , Gottlin Elizabeth B. , Li Huihua , Saxena Ruchi , He You Wen , Antonia Scott , Patz Edward F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGT103 is a first-in-class, fully human, IgG3 monoclonal antibody targeting complement factor H that kills tumor cells and promotes anti-cancer immunity in preclinical models. We conducted a first-in-human phase 1b study dose escalation trial of GT103 in refractory non-small cell lung cancer to assess the safety of GT103 (NCT04314089). Dose escalation was performed using a “3 + 3” schema with primary objectives of determining safety, tolerability, PK profile and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of GT103. Secondary objectives included describing objective response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival. Dose escalation cohorts included GT103 given intravenously at 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks, and 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Thirty one patients were enrolled across 3 institutions. Two dose-limiting adverse events were reported: grade 3 acute kidney injury (0.3 mg/kg) and grade 2 colitis (1 mg/kg). No dose-limiting toxicities were noted at the highest dose levels and the MTD was not reached. No objective responses were seen. Stable disease occurred in 9 patients (29%) and the median overall survival was 25.7 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.1–30.6). Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed an estimated half life of 6.5 days. The recommended phase 2 dose of GT103 was 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks, however further dose optimization is needed given the absence of an MTD. The study achieved its primary objective of demonstrating safety and tolerability of GT103 in refractory NSCLC.
Tumor cell-based liquid biopsy using high-throughput microfluidic enrichment of entire leukapheresis product
Authors: Mishra Avanish , Huang Shih-Bo , Dubash Taronish , Burr Risa , Edd Jon F. , Wittner Ben S. , Cunneely Quinn E. , Putaturo Victor R. , Deshpande Akansha , Antmen Ezgi , Gopinathan Kaustav A. , Otani Keisuke , Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Kwak Ji Eun , Guay Sara Y. , Kelly Justin , Walsh John , Nieman Linda T. , Galler Isabella , Chan PuiYee , Lawrence Michael S. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Bardia Aditya , Micalizzi Douglas S. , Sequist Lecia V. , Lee Richard J. , Franses Joseph W. , Ting David T. , Brunker Patricia A. R. , Maheswaran Shyamala , Miyamoto David T. , Haber Daniel A. , Toner Mehmet 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCirculating Tumor Cells (CTCs) in blood encompass DNA, RNA, and protein biomarkers, but clinical utility is limited by their rarity. To enable tumor epitope-agnostic interrogation of large blood volumes, we developed a high-throughput microfluidic device, depleting hematopoietic cells through high-flow channels and force-amplifying magnetic lenses. Here, we apply this technology to analyze patient-derived leukapheresis products, interrogating a mean blood volume of 5.83 liters from seven patients with metastatic cancer. High CTC yields (mean 10,057 CTCs per patient; range 100 to 58,125) reveal considerable intra-patient heterogeneity. CTC size varies within patients, with 67% overlapping in diameter with WBCs. Paired single-cell DNA and RNA sequencing identifies subclonal patterns of aneuploidy and distinct signaling pathways within CTCs. In prostate cancers, a subpopulation of small aneuploid cells lacking epithelial markers is enriched for neuroendocrine signatures. Pooling of CNV-confirmed CTCs enables whole exome sequencing with high mutant allele fractions. High-throughput CTC enrichment thus enables cell-based liquid biopsy for comprehensive monitoring of cancer.