bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic speech recognition in neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Schultz Benjamin G. , Tarigoppula Venkata S. Aditya , Noffs Gustavo , Rojas Sandra , van der Walt Anneke , Grayden David B. , Vogel Adam P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAutomatic speech recognition (ASR) could potentially improve communication by providing transcriptions of speech in real time. ASR is particularly useful for people with progressive disorders that lead to reduced speech intelligibility or difficulties performing motor tasks. ASR services are usually trained on healthy speech and may not be optimized for impaired speech, creating a barrier for accessing augmented assistance devices. We tested the performance of three state-of-the-art ASR platforms on two groups of people with neurodegenerative disease and healthy controls. We further examined individual differences that may explain errors in ASR services within groups, such as age and sex. Speakers were recorded while reading a standard text. Speech was elicited from individuals with multiple sclerosis, Friedreich’s ataxia, and healthy controls. Recordings were manually transcribed and compared to ASR transcriptions using Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, and IBM Watson. Accuracy was measured as the proportion of words that were correctly classified. ASR accuracy was higher for controls than clinical groups, and higher for multiple sclerosis compared to Friedreich’s ataxia for all ASR services. Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud yielded higher accuracy than IBM Watson. ASR accuracy decreased with increased disease duration. Age and sex did not significantly affect ASR accuracy. ASR faces challenges for people with neuromuscular disorders. Until improvements are made in recognizing less intelligible speech, the true value of ASR for people requiring augmented assistance devices and alternative communication remains unrealized. We suggest potential methods to improve ASR for those with impaired speech.
HIV Care Engagement Among Justice-Involved and Substance Using People of Puerto Rican Origin Who are Living with HIV
Authors: Wiersema Janet J. , Teixeira Paul A. , Pugh Tracy , Cruzado-Quiñones Jacqueline , Jordan Alison O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPersons living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH) are overrepresented in correctional settings, as are Latinx including those of Puerto Rican (PR) origin. Little is known about this population’s HIV care engagement after incarceration. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 PLWDH of PR origin incarcerated in NYC jails using the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations as the theoretical basis. Most participants described a fragile connection to HIV care and inconsistent antiretroviral therapy adherence due to issues including substance use, poverty (e.g. homelessness), and other factors. Most were satisfied with their current communitybased providers and reported that their PR ethnicity and transnational ties to PR did not impact their HIV care, although some preferred Spanish-speaking providers. Greater access to stable housing and HIV care that is convenient to substance use treatment and other services appear to be the greatest needs of PLWDH of PR origin leaving jail.
Rare Events in Random Geometric Graphs
Authors: Hirsch Christian , Moka Sarat B. , Taimre Thomas , Kroese Dirk P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work introduces and compares approaches for estimating rare-event probabilities related to the number of edges in the random geometric graph on a Poisson point process. In the one-dimensional setting, we derive closed-form expressions for a variety of conditional probabilities related to the number of edges in the random geometric graph and develop conditional Monte Carlo algorithms for estimating rare-event probabilities on this basis. We prove rigorously a reduction in variance when compared to the crude Monte Carlo estimators and illustrate the magnitude of the improvements in a simulation study. In higher dimensions, we use conditional Monte Carlo to remove the fluctuations in the estimator coming from the randomness in the Poisson number of nodes. Finally, building on conceptual insights from large-deviations theory, we illustrate that importance sampling using a Gibbsian point process can further substantially reduce the estimation variance.
Emotionale Kompetenzen und psychische Gesundheit
Authors: Buruck Gabriele , Haitsch Sophia 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Jahr 2020 waren 5,7 Mio. Menschen in Gesundheits- und Pflegeberufen tätig. Der Kontakt mit anderen Menschen ist in diesen Berufen Teil des Arbeitsauftrags und der Mensch ist der Arbeitsgegenstand.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Auswirkung von psychischer Belastung (Arbeitsintensität, Spielräume), emotionaler Erschöpfung und emotionalen Kompetenzen (Regulation) auf das psychische Wohlbefinden bei Beschäftigten in Gesundheitsberufen.

Material und Methoden
Die Erhebung der Querschnittstudie von 624 Beschäftigten aus der Altenpflege und dem Rettungsdienst (72,5 % weiblich) erfolgte im Rahmen zweier Projekte zur betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung. Zum Einsatz kamen standardisierte validierte Verfahren, welche mittels Korrelationsanalysen sowie einer hierarchischen Regressionsanalyse zur Vorhersage des psychischen Wohlbefindens ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse
Hohe Arbeitsintensität, hohe Spielräume, hohe emotionale Erschöpfung und eine hohe emotionale Kompetenz (Regulation) tragen zur Aufklärung des psychischen Wohlbefindens bei (R2 = 33 %).

Schlussfolgerung
Anhand der Ergebnisse wird deutlich, dass neben dem Erleben von Arbeit und Gesundheit auch emotionale Kompetenzen einen Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit bei Beschäftigten in Gesundheitsberufen haben. Damit leistet die Studie einen wichtigen Beitrag für die Entwicklung von Maßnahmen des betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements in diesen Berufsgruppen.
The Polygenic and Monogenic Basis of Paediatric Fractures
Authors: Ghatan S. , Costantini A. , Li R. , De Bruin C. , Appelman-Dijkstra N. M. , Winter E. M. , Oei L. , Medina-Gomez Carolina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Fractures are frequently encountered in paediatric practice. Although recurrent fractures in children usually unveil a monogenic syndrome, paediatric fracture risk could be shaped by the individual genetic background influencing the acquisition of bone mineral density, and therefore, the skeletal fragility as shown in adults. Here, we examine paediatric fractures from the perspective of monogenic and complex trait genetics.

Recent Findings
Large-scale genome-wide studies in children have identified ~44 genetic loci associated with fracture or bone traits whereas ~35 monogenic diseases characterized by paediatric fractures have been described.

Summary
Genetic variation can predispose to paediatric fractures through monogenic risk variants with a large effect and polygenic risk involving many variants of small effects. Studying genetic factors influencing peak bone attainment might help in identifying individuals at higher risk of developing early-onset osteoporosis and discovering drug targets to be used as bone restorative pharmacotherapies to prevent, or even reverse, bone loss later in life.
A negative feedback loop involving NF-κB/TIR8 regulates IL-1β-induced epithelial- myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tubular cells
Authors: Jiang Keguo , Zhang Yuying , He Fan , Zhang Mingming , Li Tianyu , Tu Zhenzhen , Xu Deping , Zhang Min , Han Linzi , Guo Liyu , Zhou Haisheng , Wang Deguang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRenal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (EMT) plays a central role in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). The profibrotic cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 and the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) also participate in RIF development, and Toll/IL-1R 8 (TIR8), a member of the Toll-like receptor superfamily, has been identified as a negative regulator of IL-1R signaling. However, the functions of TIR8 in IL-1-induced RIF remain unknown. Here, human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HKC) and unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO)-induced RIF models on SD rats were used to investigate the functions of TIR8 involving IL-1β-induced EMT. We showed that IL-1β primarily triggers TIR8 expression by activating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in HKC cells. Conversely, high levels of TIR8 in HKC cells repress IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation and inhibit IL-1β-induced EMT. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo findings revealed that TIR8 downregulation facilitated IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation and contributed to TGF-β1-mediated EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells. These results suggested that TIR8 exerts a protective role in IL-1β-mediated EMT and potentially represents a new target for RIF treatment.
A genealogical survey on the main bloodline of the Australian Cattle Dog in Italy
Authors: Ciccarelli Jacopo , Macchioni Fabio , Cecchi Francesca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of genetic variability analyses using genealogical data on the main genetic bloodline of the Australian Cattle Dog in Italy, a line that has had a significant impact on the development of the breed. All the genealogical data on the progeny and ancestors of one of the first stallions introduced in Italy were considered, i.e. Cattlefarm's Comeback Jack born on 1/2/1997 in Finland. Animals from the bloodline born between 1962 and 2019 were considered. A total number of 1722 animals were found to be from the line which represents the entire population (WP), including the basic population (BP) and the reference population (RP) defined as the animals currently living. A total of 982 animals were in the RP, with the oldest living dogs born in 2004. A total of 854 dogs were inbred. The average inbreeding coefficient (F) in the RP was 5.1%, while the average inbreeding of the inbred animals was 5.8%. The F was < 0.10 in 711 dogs (77.3% of inbred), and > 0.20 in only 36 dogs (3.91% of inbred). Fifteen traced generations were highlighted. A maximum average inbreeding value (6.45%) was observed in the dogs with 11 traced generations. This research highlighted the good genetic variability of this Australian Cattle Dog bloodline thanks to the efficient management of the breeders who in the past introduced some stallions from abroad. Currently, the lines in Italy are not sufficiently high to prevent inbreeding in the new matings, which is becoming frequent. It is, therefore, important to continue to import new stallions for reproduction to expand the genetic variability. However, at the same time, the old lines need to be preserved genetically, aptitudinally and morphologically, as they are an important heritage of the breed in Italy.
„Seit Köln“, und „nach Chemnitz“ – Schlüsselereignisse im parlamentarischen Diskurs
Authors: Weiß Tobias , König Marina , Stecker Christian , Müller Jochen , Blätte Andreas , Lewandowsky Marcel 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Kölner Silvesternacht 2015/2016 und die Vorfälle in Chemnitz 2018 sind Schlüsselereignisse der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte, die eng mit den Konflikten in der Migrations- und Integrationspolitik verbunden sind. Wir untersuchen die diskursive Verarbeitung dieser Ereignisse in den Landtagen. Dazu verbinden wir qualitative und quantitative Verfahren der Textanalyse und werten einen umfangreichen Korpus aller Plenardebatten aus, die seit den Silvesterereignissen in Köln stattfanden. Unsere quantitative Textanalyse zeigt, dass Köln und Chemnitz fortwährend im parlamentarischen Diskurs nachhallen. Mit einer Framing-Analyse identifizieren wir die Deutungsmuster der Parteien. Wir stellen fest, dass die Kölner Silvesternacht die bekannten parteipolitischen Deutungsmuster im parlamentarischen Diskurs zwar herausfordert nicht jedoch grundlegend verändert. Dagegen macht Chemnitz 2018 neue parteipolitische Interpretationsangebote, sowie eine zunehmende Polarisierung zwischen AfD und etablierten Parteien sichtbar.
Mitral prolapsing volume is associated with increased cardiac dimensions in patients with mitral annular disjunction
Authors: Luyten P. , Heuts S. , Cheriex E. , Olsthoorn J. R. , Crijns H. J. G. M. , Winkens B. , Roos-Hesselink J. W. , Sardari Nia P. , Schalla S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with mitral annular disjunction (MAD), it can be difficult to assess the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR), as they present with a prolapsing volume (i.e. volume resulting from mitral valve prolapse, blood volume shift) rather than a regurgitant jet. The influence of the mitral prolapsing volume (MPV) on cardiac dimensions is unknown. We hypothesised that the severity of MR is underestimated in these patients. Our aim was to measure MPV and to investigate its influence on cardiac dimensions in patients with MAD.MethodsWe retrospectively included 131 consecutive patients with MAD from our institution’s echocardiographic database. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to assess MPV. Additionally, we established a control group of 617 consecutive patients with degenerative mitral valve disease and performed propensity score matching.ResultsMedian MPV in the MAD group was 12 ml. MPV was an independent predictor for left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDD) and end-systolic diameter (LVESD) and left atrial volume (allp < 0.001). In patients with large prolapsing volumes (> 15 ml), LVEDD (56 ± 6 mm vs 51 ± 6 mm,p < 0.001), LVESD [38 mm (34–41) vs 34 mm (31–39),p < 0.01] and left atrial volume [105 ml (86–159) vs 101 ml (66–123),p = 0.04] were significantly increased compared to matched patients with degenerative mitral valve disease and similarly assessed severity of MR.ConclusionDue to a volume shift based on the MPV rather than an actual regurgitant jet, MR severity cannot be assessed adequately in MAD patients. Increased MPV induces ventricular and atrial enlargement. These findings warrant future studies to focus on MPV as an additional parameter for assessment of the severity of MR in MAD patients.
Homology-based repair induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in mammalian embryo genome editing
Authors: Zhang Xiya , Li Tao , Ou Jianping , Huang Junjiu , Liang Puping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent advances in genome editing, especially CRISPR-Cas nucleases, have revolutionized both laboratory research and clinical therapeutics. CRISPR-Cas nucleases, together with the DNA damage repair pathway in cells, enable both genetic diversification by classical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ) and precise genome modification by homology-based repair (HBR). Genome editing in zygotes is a convenient way to edit the germline, paving the way for animal disease model generation, as well as human embryo genome editing therapy for some life-threatening and incurable diseases. HBR efficiency is highly dependent on the DNA donor that is utilized as a repair template. Here, we review recent progress in improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease-induced HBR in mammalian embryos by designing a suitable DNA donor. Moreover, we want to provide a guide for producing animal disease models and correcting genetic mutations through CRISPR-Cas nuclease-induced HBR in mammalian embryos. Finally, we discuss recent developments in precise genome-modification technology based on the CRISPR-Cas system.
Thinking Slow More Quickly: Development of Integrated Illness Scripts to Support Cognitively Integrated Learning and Improve Clinical Decision-Making
Authors: Fall Leslie H. , English Robin , Fulton Tracy B. , Harris David M. , Ngo Khiet , Nixon James , Hembrook-Short Jacqueline , Wilson-Delfosse Amy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIllness scripts describe the mental model used by experienced clinicians to store and recall condition-specific knowledge when making clinical decisions. Studies demonstrate that novice clinicians struggle to develop and apply strong illness scripts. We developed the Integrated Illness Script and Mechanism of Disease (IIS-MOD) map framework to address this challenge.
Fabrication of Anthocyanin/Montmorillonite Hybrid Pigments to Enhance Their Environmental Stability and Application in Allochroic Composite Films
Authors: Li Shu E. , Mu B. , Ding Jun J. , Zhang H. , Wang Xiao W. , Wang Ai Q. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe poor environmental stability of natural anthocyanin hinders its usefulness in various functional applications. The objectives of the present study were to enhance the environmental stability of anthocyanin extracted from Lycium ruthenicum by mixing it with montmorillonite to form an organic/inorganic hybrid pigment, and then to synthesize allochroic biodegradable composite films by incorporating the hybrid pigment into sodium alginate and test them for potential applications in food testing and packaging. The results of X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and use of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method and zeta potential demonstrated that anthocyanin was both adsorbed on the surface and intercalated into the interlayer of montmorillonite via host–guest interaction, and the hybrid pigments obtained allowed good, reversible, acid/base behavior after exposure to HCl and NH3 atmospheres. The composite films containing hybrid pigments had good mechanical properties due to the uniform dispersion of the pigments in a sodium alginate substrate and the formation of hydrogen bonds between them. Interestingly, the composite films also exhibited reversible acidichromism. The as-prepared hybrid pigments in composite films could, therefore, serve simultaneously as a reinforced material and as a smart coloring agent for a polymer substrate.
Democracy and Nationalism in Southeast Asia
Authors: Bertrand Jacques 
Published: May 2021

Jacques Bertrand offers a comparative-historical analysis of five nationalist conflicts over several decades in Southeast Asia. Using a theoretical framework to explain variance over time and across cases, he challenges and refines existing debates on democracy's impact and shows that, while democratization significantly reduces violent insurgency over time, it often introduces pernicious effects that fail to resolve conflict and contribute to maintaining deep nationalist grievances. Drawing on years of detailed fieldwork, Bertrand analyses the paths that led from secessionist mobilization to a range of outcomes. These include persistent state repression for Malay Muslims in Thailand, low level violence under a top-down 'special autonomy' for Papuans, reframing of mobilizing from nationalist to indigenous peoples in the Cordillera, a long and broken path to an untested broad autonomy for the Moros and relatively successful broad autonomy for Acehnese.
Co-design and co-simulation for engineering systems: insights from the Sustainable Infrastructure Planning Game
Authors: Grogan Paul T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper draws on perspectives from co-design as an integrative and collaborative design activity and co-simulation as a supporting information system to advance engineering design methods for problems of societal significance. Design and implementation of the Sustainable Infrastructure Planning Game provides a prototypical co-design artifact that leverages the High Level Architecture co-simulation standard. Three role players create a strategic infrastructure plan for agricultural, water and energy sectors to meet sustainability objectives for a growing and urbaninzing population in a fictional desert nation. An observational study conducts 15 co-design sessions to understand underlying dynamics between actors and how co-simulation capabilities influence design outcomes. Results characterize the dependencies and conflicts between player roles based on technical exchange of resource flows, identifying tension between agriculture and water roles based on water demands for irrigation. Analysis shows a correlation between data exchange, facilitated by synchronous co-simulation, and highly ranked achievement of joint sustainability outcomes. Conclusions reflect on the opportunities and challenges presented by co-simulation in co-design settings to address engineering systems problems.
Pointwise convergence of certain continuous-time double ergodic averages
Authors: CHRIST MICHAEL , DURCIK POLONA , KOVAČ VJEKOSLAV , ROOS JORIS 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe prove almost everywhere convergence of continuous-time quadratic averages with respect to two commuting

$\mathbb {R}$
-actions, coming from a single jointly measurable measure-preserving

$\mathbb {R}^2$
-action on a probability space. The key ingredient of the proof comes from recent work on multilinear singular integrals; more specifically, from the study of a curved model for the triangular Hilbert transform.
Modulating the activities of chloroplasts and mitochondria promotes adenosine triphosphate production and plant growth
Authors: Voon Chia P. , Law Yee-Song , Guan Xiaoqian , Lim Shey-Li , Xu Zhou , Chu Wing-Tung , Zhang Renshan , Sun Feng , Labs Mathias , Leister Dario , Pribil Mathias , Hronková Marie , Kubásek Jiří , Cui Yong , Jiang Liwen , Tsuyama Michito , Gardeström Per , Tikkanen Mikko , Lim Boon L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEfficient photosynthesis requires a balance of ATP and NADPH production/consumption in chloroplasts, and the exportation of reducing equivalents from chloroplasts is important for balancing stromal ATP/NADPH ratio. Here, we showed that the overexpression of purple acid phosphatase 2 on the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria can streamline the production and consumption of reducing equivalents in these two organelles, respectively. A higher capacity of consumption of reducing equivalents in mitochondria can indirectly help chloroplasts to balance the ATP/NADPH ratio in stroma and recycle NADP+, the electron acceptors of the linear electron flow (LEF). A higher rate of ATP and NADPH production from the LEF, a higher capacity of carbon fixation by the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle and a greater consumption of NADH in mitochondria enhance photosynthesis in the chloroplasts, ATP production in the mitochondria and sucrose synthesis in the cytosol and eventually boost plant growth and seed yields in the overexpression lines.
Parenting Support and its Different Functions – Parents’ Experiences. A Case Study from Norway
Authors: SUNDSBØ ASTRID O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe research literature is characterized by a fundamental controversy about what parenting support is and what it aims to be: A health-promotion measure that supports child development or a “totalizing tendency […] of defining the relation between parents and children in technical terms” (Smeyers, 2010). This paper presents a study from Norway, where parenting support is offered as a “universal”, publicly funded service. It presents and discusses findings based on in-depth interviews with 45 parents from different social (educational, economic) and cultural (migration) backgrounds, focusing on how they perceived the purpose and outcomes of parenting support programs in which they participated. A key finding is that parents with majority backgrounds are less enamoured with the quality and usefulness of provision, and tend instead towards other sources for advice on parenting (primarily their social and familial networks). Many also express scepticism of broad approaches to parenting support provision. In contrast, minority parents lacking “Norwegian” social and familial networks genuinely find the courses valuable, both for their own integration and self-confidence and also the development of their children. The findings help address the need for further research into the effectiveness of parenting support and its potential role in reducing social inequality.