bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline serum exosome‐derived miRNAs predict HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon
Authors: Hu Qiankun , Wang Qianqian , Zhang Yi , Tao Shuai , Zhang Xueyun , Liu Xiaoqin , Li Xinyan , Jiang Xuhua , Huang Chenlu , Xu Wei , Qi Xun , Chen Liang , Li Qiang , Huang Yuxian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the value of baseline serum exosome‐derived miRNAs for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with peginterferon (Peg‐IFN). A total of 120 treatment‐naïve HBeAg‐positive CHB patients who received Peg‐IFN therapy (48 weeks) were enrolled. Next‐generation sequencing was performed to screen the serum exosomal miRNAs that were associated with Peg‐IFN treatment outcome, and qRT‐PCR was used to validate them. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of biomarkers. Thirty‐three patients (27.5%) achieved HBeAg seroconversion (response group), and 87 patients (72.5%) did not achieve HBeAg seroconversion (nonresponse group). In the identification cohort, 40 serum exosome‐derived miRNAs were differentially expressed between the response group (four patients) and the nonresponse group (four patients). In the confirmation cohort, the expression levels of serum exosomal miR‐194‐5p (p < .001) and miR‐22‐3p (p < .001) were significantly downregulated in the response group (29 patients) compared to the nonresponse group (83 patients). Multivariate analysis identified baseline serum exosomal miR‐194‐5p, miR‐22‐3p, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HBV DNA as independent predictors of HBeAg seroconversion (all p < .05). The AUROCs of serum exosomal miRNAs (0.77 and 0.75 for miR‐194‐5p and miR‐22‐3p, respectively) were higher than that of ALT (0.70) and HBV DNA (0.69). The combination of exosomal miR‐194‐5p and miR‐22‐3p further improved the predictive performance with an AUROC of 0.82. Baseline serum exosomal miR‐194‐5p and miR‐22‐3p may serve as novel biomarkers to predict HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients treated with Peg‐IFN.
Intrauterine growth retardation and lung function of very prematurely born young people
Authors: Harris Christopher , Lunt Alan , Bisquera Alessandra , Peacock Janet , Greenough Anne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess if intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was associated with reduced lung function at 16–19 years.Working HypothesisVery prematurely born young people who had IUGR would have reduced lung function postpuberty.Study DesignProspective follow‐up study.Patient‐subject SelectionOne hundred and fifty‐nine 16–19 year olds born before 29 weeks of gestation; 37 had IUGR.MethodologyLung function tests were performed: spirometry was used to assess forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 75%, 50% and 25% of expired vital capacity (FEF75, FEF50 and FEF25), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Functional residual capacity (FRCpleth) total lung capacity (TLCpleth) and residual volume (RVpleth) were measured. Alveolar function was assessed by diffusion capacity within the lungs of carbon monoxide (DLCO). Impulse oscillometry was used to assess respiratory resistance and lung clearance index to assess ventilation homogeneity. Exercise capacity was assessed using a shuttle sprint test.ResultsAfter adjustment for BMI, the mean FEV­1/FVC, FEF75, FEF25‐75, FRCpleth and RVpleth were poorer in those who had had IUGR, with differences between 0.56 and 0.75 z‐scores. After further adjustment for BPD and postnatal corticosteroid use, only the difference in RVpleth z‐scores remained statistically significant, adjusted difference (95% CI): 0.66 (0.18,1.13). Exercise capacity was lower in those with IUGR and this was more pronounced in males (p=0.04).ConclusionsAt 16–19 years of age, those who had IUGR had poorer lung function and exercise capacity compared with those with adequate intrauterine growth.
The Data Shake: An Opportunity for Experiment-Driven Policy Making
Authors: Concilio Grazia , Pucci Paola 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe wider availability of data and the growing technological advancements in data collection, management, and analysis introduce unprecedented opportunities, as well as complexity in policy making. This condition questions the very basis of the policy making process towards new interpretative models. Growing data availability, in fact, increasingly affects the way we analyse urban problems and make decisions for cities: data are a promising resource for more effective decisions, as well as for better interacting with the context where decisions are implemented. By dealing with the operative implications in the use of a growing amount of available data in policy making processes, this contribution starts discussing the chance offered by data in the design, implementation, and evaluation of a planning policy, with a critical review of the evidence-based policy making approaches; then it introduces the relevance of data in the policy design experiments and the conditions for its uses.
Policy-Related Decision Making in a Smart City Context: The PoliVisu Approach
Authors: Charalabidis Yannis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDealing with the growing quest for better governance, the advancement of ICT provides new methods and tools to politicians and their cabinets on an almost daily basis. In this changing landscape, the PoliVisu project constitutes a step forward from the evidence-based decision making, going towards an experimental approach supported by the large variety of available data sets. Through utilizing advanced data gathering, processing and visualisation techniques, the PoliVisu platform is one of the most recent integrated examples promoting the experimental dimension of policy making at a municipal and regional level.
Distinguishing the Sources
Authors: Reames Donald V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur discussion of history has covered many of the observations that have led to the ideas of acceleration by shock waves or by magnetic reconnection in gradual and impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events, respectively. We now present other compelling observations, including onset timing, SEP-shock correlations, injection time profiles, high-energy spectral knees, e/p ratios, and intensity dropouts caused by a compact source, that have helped clarify these acceleration mechanisms and sources. However, some of the newest evidence now comes from source-plasma temperatures. In this and the next two chapters, we will find that impulsive events come from solar active regions at ≈ 3 MK, controlling ionization states Q, hence A/Q, and, in most gradual events, shocks accelerate ambient coronal material from ≤1.6 MK. When SEPs are trapped on closed loops they supply the energy for flares. In addition to helping to define their own origin, SEPs also probe the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field.
Distributed Ledgers in der Energieversorgung
Authors: Pfister Pascal , Frecè Jan T. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDistributed Ledgers werden seit ihrer Entstehung 2009 von vielen Seiten als Mittel zur grundlegenden Umgestaltung ganzer Branchen angepriesen. Während die Technologie sicherlich Potenzial bietet, diverse Steuerungs- und Abwicklungsprozesse zu revolutionieren, bedingt eine solche Umstellung einerseits fundiertes Wissen hinsichtlich der Rollen und Prozesse im entsprechenden Wirtschaftsumfeld sowie der technologischen Grundlagen von Distributed Ledgers, um dauerhaft Mehrwert zu schaffen. Dieses Buchkapitel zeigt am Beispiel der Energieversorgung auf, welche Faktoren für eine mehrwertgenerierende, sichere Implementierung der Ledger-Technologie berücksichtigt werden müssen: von technologischen Fragen bis zur Frage nach neuen Geschäftsmodellen und den damit verbundenen Risiken.
Anwendung von Robotic Process Automation
Authors: Graf Patrik , Meier Markus A. , Tokarski Kim Oliver 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Forschungsarbeit beleuchtet die Technologie Robotic Process Automation (RPA) im Umfeld der Finanzfunktionen und umfasst sowohl die Aufarbeitung des aktuellen Forschungsstands als auch eine primäre Datenerhebung, die sich in zwei Teile gliedert: Einerseits wurden Best Practices in Unternehmen erhoben, welche bereits Erfahrung mit RPA haben. Andererseits erfolgte in Kooperation mit der BKW AG die Erarbeitung einer Fallstudie. Im Vordergrund standen das Nutzenpotenzial und die Anwendungsfälle in Finanzfunktionen sowie generelle Lessons Learned. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass das in der Theorie attestierte Nutzenpotenzial in der Praxis auftritt, wobei dessen Ausmaß von der Selektion geeigneter Prozesse abhängig ist. Hier haben sich finanzielle Transaktionsprozesse, charakterisiert durch wiederkehrend, gleichartig sowie eine kurze Einarbeitungszeit, als geeignet herauskristallisiert. Für die Implementierung von RPA ist ein Start mit einem motivierten Team sinnvoll, das erste Prozesse in einem Piloten automatisiert. Für die Verankerung im Unternehmen ist ein aktives Changemanagement sowie die frühzeitige Ausgestaltung des Operating Models empfohlen. Die Praxis zeigte zudem, dass einige Stolpersteine gezielt zu adressieren sind. Der Einsatz von RPA ist auch kein Selbstzweck, sondern bedarf einer sachlichen Grenznutzenabwägung.
Hintergrund: Die „Große Transformation“ im Kontext von Forschung und Politik
Authors: Schleicher Katharina 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas zweite Kapitel gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die Debatte in Politik, Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft zur Notwendigkeit einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung hin zu ressourcenschonenden Lebensweisen sowie zur Kritik am vorherrschenden Wachstumsparadigma. Danach werden Forschungsansätze vorgestellt, die als Reaktion auf diese Herausforderungen entstanden sind, wie die transdisziplinäre Forschung, Transition-Forschung und die transformative Forschung. Hier wird auch auf die hinter den Forschungsperspektiven liegenden Transformationsdefinitionen eingegangen. Anschließend werden die Handlungsmöglichkeiten von Städten bei lokalen Transformationsprozessen betrachtet und der für die spätere Analyse relevante institutionelle Kontext der Stadt Wuppertal dargestellt.
Fazit
Authors: Schleicher Katharina 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungUm einerseits die transformative Forschung theoretisch zu fundieren und andererseits den diskursiven Institutionalismus weiterzuentwickeln, wurden in dieser Arbeit beide Perspektiven zusammengeführt und es wurde untersucht, ob durch zwei beispielhafte transformative Forschungsprojekte und ihre geführten Diskurse bereits ein Wandel stattgefunden hat. So konnte mit diesem Buch sowohl ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung des diskursiven Institutionalismus geleistet als auch praktische Empfehlungen für die transformative Forschung gegeben werden. Das abschließende Kapitel fasst nun die Ausgangslage und Ziele, die Methode und Analyse sowie insbesondere die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und Schlussfolgerungen zusammen.
Synthese und Ausblick
Authors: Freigang Sirkka 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Wissen der Zukunft ist vernetzt, dezentral und interdisziplinär. Im Zentrum dieser Herausforderung stehen menschliche Bedürfnisse und nicht technische Möglichkeiten. Die vorliegende Disseration basiert auf einer transdisziplinären Zusammenführung unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen und bündelt Erkenntnisse aus Bildungswissenschaften, Informatik und Architektur verbunden mit dem Ziel, Einflussbereiche und Erfolgsfaktoren zu identifizieren, die im Gestaltungsprozess von menschenzentrierten Smart Learning Environments berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Performance of Agriculture in Gujarat
Authors: Gulati Ashok , Roy Ranjana , Hussain Siraj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere have always been large disparities in India’s agricultural performance at the state level because of varying resource endowments and levels of investment in the creation of rural infrastructure. States like Punjab and Haryana performed well in the 1960s and 1970s, while Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh have been star performers during the post-2000 period.
Performance of Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Gulati Ashok , Rajkhowa Pallavi , Roy Ranjana , Sharma Pravesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMadhya Pradesh emerged as the state with the highest growth rate in agriculture. Long clubbed with the so-called BIMARU group of poor northern, central and eastern states, MP successfully broke ranks to set a scorching pace of growth, which has been unparalleled in the past quarter-century. Understanding the factors that helped to drive this growth and drawing lessons for other states at similar levels of development is the main objective of this chapter. Madhya Pradesh’s agricultural GDP increased at 8.1% per annum during 2005–06 to 2016–17, surpassing even record holder Gujarat’s 6% agricultural growth in the same period. The last three years have been even more spectacular: agricultural GDP increased at 11.8% per annum. Keeping this background in mind, this chapter has used secondary data published by the government to study the composition, sources and drivers of agriculture growth in Madhya Pradesh and the lessons that can be drawn for developing states. Although MP has recorded a significant decline in poverty rates from 53.6% in 2004–05 to 35.7% in 2011–12, there is still much to be done to improve the livelihood of the rural population. Moreover, MP’s per capita income is low, standing at Rs. 51,798 per annum (FY14 at current prices) as compared to the national annual average income of Rs. 74,380. Although it is much better than that of Bihar (Rs. 31,199) and Uttar Pradesh (Rs. 36,250), it remains way below top-performing states like Sikkim (Rs. 176,491), Maharashtra (Rs. 114,392), Haryana (Rs. 133,427) and Gujarat (Rs. 106,831). Therefore, the study also makes policy suggestions to bolster agricultural growth in MP.
Boosting CAR T-cell responses in lymphoma by simultaneous targeting of CD40/4-1BB using oncolytic viral gene therapy
Authors: Wenthe Jessica , Naseri Sedigheh , Labani-Motlagh Alireza , Enblad Gunilla , Wikström Kristina I. , Eriksson Emma , Loskog Angelica , Lövgren Tanja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPretreatment of B-cell lymphoma patients with immunostimulatory gene therapy using armed oncolytic viruses may prime tumor lesions for subsequent chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, thereby enhancing CAR T-cell functionality and possibly increasing response rates in patients. LOAd703 (delolimogene mupadenorepvec) is an oncolytic adenovirus (serotype 5/35) that encodes for the transgenes CD40L and 4-1BBL, which activate both antigen-presenting cells and T cells. Many adenoviruses failed to demonstrate efficacy in B-cell malignancies, but LOAd703 infect cells via CD46, which enables B cell infection. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of LOAd703 in human B-cell lymphoma models, alone or in combination with CAR T-cell therapy. LOAd703 could infect and replicate in B-cell lymphoma cell lines (BC-3, Karpas422, Daudi, DG-75, U-698) and induced an overall enhanced immunogenic profile with upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, CD70, MHC molecules, death receptor Fas and adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Further, CAR T-cell functionality was boosted by stimulation with lymphoma cells infected with LOAd703. This was demonstrated by an augmented release of IFN-γ and granzyme B, increased expression of the degranulation marker CD107a, fewer PD-1 + TIM-3+ CAR T cells in vitro and enhanced lymphoma cell killing both in in vitro and in vivo xenograft models. In addition, LOAd703-infected lymphoma cells upregulated the secretion of several chemokines (CXCL10, CCL17, CCL22, CCL3, CCL4) essential for immune cell homing, leading to enhanced CAR T-cell migration. In conclusion, immunostimulatory LOAd703 therapy is an intriguing approach to induce anti-lymphoma immune responses and to improve CAR T-cell therapy in B-cell lymphoma.
Active and weakening MJO events in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Barrett Bradford S. , Densmore Casey R. , Ray Pallav , Sanabia Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo better understand the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the Maritime Continent (MC), events from 1980 to 2019 were classified as active or weakening according to propagation characteristics and amplitude changes in two leading indices, the Real-time Multivariate MJO (RMM) index and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) MJO Index (OMI). Active MJO events had larger index amplitudes than weakening events, and those amplitude differences appeared at day − 3 in the RMM and day − 8 in the OMI and remained through day + 15 in both indices (day 0 marked the day an event entered the MC). Thus, active events were stronger than weakening events as they approached and crossed the MC. To understand differences in environments between these events, composites of OLR and specific humidity were compared for each. Active MJO events had consistently more negative OLR anomalies and greater specific humidity in both the boundary layer and free troposphere than weakening MJO events. Those differences persisted during both easterly and westerly phases of the Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) and during La Niña and El Niño. Active MJO events during QBO westerly winds had more specific humidity than active events did during QBO easterly winds. Finally, both active and weakening MJO events featured a diurnal cycle of lower-tropospheric specific humidity over land areas of the MC, and the amount of atmospheric moisture available to active events was consistently greater than weakening ones. These results indicate that index amplitude, OLR, and tropospheric specific humidity can all be important tools in identifying active and weakening MJO events in the MC, including for different phases of the QBO and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Tear-drop technique in iliac screw placement: a technical analysis
Authors: Nowak Stephan , Müller Jonas , Weidemeier Martin E. , Schroeder Henry W. S. , Müller Jan-Uwe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Instrumentation of the lumbosacral region is one of the more challenging regions due to the complex anatomical structures and biomechanical forces. Screw insertion can be done both navigated and based on X-ray verification. In this study, we demonstrate a fast and reliable open, low exposure X-ray-guided technique of iliac screw placement.

Methods
Between October 2016 and August 2019, 48 patients underwent sacropelvic fixation in tear-drop technique. Screw insertion was performed in open technique by using an X-ray converter angulated 25-30° in coronal and sagittal view. The anatomical insertion point was the posterior superior iliac spine. Verification of correct screw placement was done by intraoperative 3D scan.

Results
In total, 95 iliac screws were placed in tear-drop technique with a correct placement in 98.1%.

Conclusions
The tear-drop technique showed a proper screw position in the intraoperative 3D scan and therefore may be considered an alternative technique to the navigated screw placement.
Early Warning Signals for Rate-induced Critical Transitions in Salt Marsh Ecosystems
Authors: Neijnens Floris K. , Siteur Koen , van de Koppel Johan , Rietkerk Max 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntertidal ecosystems are important because of their function as coastal protection and ecological value. Sea level rise may lead to submergence of salt marshes worldwide. Salt marshes can exhibit critical transitions if the rate of sea level rise exceeds salt marsh sedimentation, leading to a positive feedback between reduced sedimentation and vegetation loss, drowning the marshes. However, a general framework to recognize such rate-induced critical transitions and predict salt marsh collapse through early warning signals is lacking. Therefore, we apply the novel concept of rate-induced critical transitions to salt marsh ecosystems. We reveal rate-induced critical transitions and new geomorphic early warning signals for upcoming salt marsh collapse in a spatial model. These include a decrease in marsh height, the ratio of marsh area to creek area, and creek cliff steepness, as well as an increase in creek depth. Furthermore, this research predicts that increasing sediment capture ability by vegetation would be an effective measure to increase the critical rate of sea level rise at which salt marshes collapse. The generic spatial model also applies to other intertidal ecosystems with similar dynamics, such as tidal flats and mangroves. Our findings facilitate better resilience assessment of intertidal ecosystems globally and identifying measures to protect these ecosystems.
Patterns of sexting and sexual behaviors in youth: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Mori Camille , Choi Hye Jeong , Temple Jeff R. , Madigan Sheri 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionA sizable minority of youth are sexting; however there are likely large individual differences in sexting and sexual behaviors, yet to be captured. A Latent Class Analysis was used to identify subgroups of youth characterized by differential engagement in sexting and sexual behaviors.MethodsParticipants were an ethnically diverse sample of 894 youth (55.8% female; Mage = 17.04, SD = 0.77) from a longitudinal survey study in southeast Texas. Latent classes were identified through participants’ responses to the following indicator variables: sending, receiving, and requesting sexts, sexual activity, contraception use, ≥ three partners, and substance use prior to sexual activity. Gender, ethnicity, impulsivity, and living situation were analyzed as predictors, and depressive symptoms as an outcome, of class membership.ResultsThe analysis revealed four distinct classes: No sexting‐Low sex (42.2%), Sexting‐Low sex (4.5%), No sexting‐Moderately risky sex (28.3%), and Sexting‐Moderately risky sex (24.9%). Gender and ethnicity predicted class membership wherein females and ethnic minority youth were less likely to be in groups displaying higher rates of sexting. Impulsivity and living situation predicted class membership, such that youth reporting higher impulsivity and living in a situation other than with two biological parents were less likely to be in classes displaying low sexting and sexual behaviors. Group membership predicted depressive symptoms.ConclusionsResults suggest that not all youth who are sexting are having sex, and not all youth who are having sex are sexting. Evidence of individual differences in youth sexual behaviors should inform educational initiatives aimed at teaching youth about sexual and online health.
Coarse alignment of marine strapdown inertial navigation system using the location of fitted parametric circle of gravity movement
Authors: Rahimi Hossein , Nikkhah Amir Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a novel estimation method for coarse alignment of a marine strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) under mooring conditions. The properties of gravitational motion are used to improve the accuracy of coarse alignment. The parametric motion of gravitational apparent is a circle that is on the surface of a sphere. The location of this parametric circle is dependent on the definition of the reference frames and the initial angles of SINS. In the method proposed here the initial direct cosine matrix is calculated only from the location of the gravity motion parametric circle. The novelty of this paper is to provide a new method for estimating the gravity motion trajectory in inertial frame, as well as direct extraction of the initial direct cosine matrix from this estimated trajectory. Simulation and testing show that the proposed method is suitable for coarse alignment in mooring conditions.