bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal patterns of microglial activation in white matter following experimental mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic literature review
Authors: Velayudhan Prashanth S. , Schwab Nicole , Hazrati Lili-Naz , Wheeler Anne L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are a prevalent form of injury that can result in persistent neurological impairments. Microglial activation has become increasingly recognized as a key process regulating the pathology of white matter in a wide range of brain injury and disease contexts. As white matter damage is known to be a major contributor to the impairments that follow mTBI, microglia have rightfully become a common target of investigation for the development of mTBI therapies and biomarkers. Recent work has demonstrated that the efficacy of microglial manipulation as a therapeutic intervention following injury or disease is highly time-sensitive, emphasizing the importance of advancing our understanding of the dynamics of post-mTBI microglial activation from onset to resolution. Current reporting of microglial activation in experimental studies of mTBI is non-standardized, which has limited our ability to identify concrete patterns of post-mTBI microglial activation over time. In this review, we examine preclinical studies of mTBI that report on microglial activation in white matter regions to summarize our current understanding of these patterns. Specifically, we summarize timecourses of post-mTBI microglial activation in white matter regions of the brain, identify factors that influence this activation, examine the temporal relationship between microglial activation and other post-mTBI assessments, and compare the relative sensitivities of various methods for detecting microglial activation. While the lack of replicated experimental conditions has limited the extent of conclusions that can confidently be drawn, we find that microglia are activated over a wide range of timecourses following mTBI and that microglial activation is a long-lasting outcome of mTBI that may resolve after most typical post-mTBI assessments, with the exception of those measuring oligodendrocyte lineage cell integrity. We identify several understudied parameters of post-mTBI microglial activation in white matter, such as the inclusion of female subjects. This review summarizes our current understanding of the progression of microglial activation in white matter structures following experimental mTBI and offers suggestions for important future research directions.
Expectations and experiences of women regarding maternal healthcare services in Pakistan: challenges and lessons to be learnt
Authors: Malik Madeeha , Prescott Katherine , Khalid Maliha , Hashmi Ayisha , Kiani Ayyaz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Access to maternal healthcare services is an essential pre-requisite for improving women’s health. However, due to poor access and underutilization, women in developing countries remain vulnerable to various complications. Evaluation of quality maternal healthcare services in any country must include the opinions of the women being as a key stakeholder utilizing maternal healthcare services.

Aim
The present study was designed to evaluate the experiences, perceptions and expectations of pre-birth and post-birth women regarding utilization and delivery of maternal healthcare services in Pakistan.

Methodology
A qualitative study design was used. Snow ball sampling technique was adopted to identify the respondents. Interviews were conducted using semi-structures interview guide till saturation point was achieved. The sample size at saturation point for different respondents was: pre-birth women (n = 9) and post-birth women (n = 9). All interviews were recorded after getting permission from the respondents. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and were then subjected to thematic analysis.

Results
The age group for the pre-birth respondents was 23–43 years while for post-birth group it was 23–32 years. Most of the respondents from both groups were from urban setting. Most of them were either first time pregnant or were having experience of one pregnancy. Thematic analysis of the interviews yielded different themes and sub-themes including birth experience, maternal treatment pathway, identified barriers for quality maternal care, involvement in healthcare decision-making, impact of Covid 19, payment dynamics, role of digital health and recommendations for improving maternal care services.

Conclusion
The results of the present study concluded that the overall quality of the maternal care services provided in Pakistan was not up to the mark. High rate of caesarian section was prevalent. Majority of the women were not involved in the decision-making process or provided with any birth plan or counselling regarding birth signs, family planning, danger and birth signs. The cost of maternal care was quite high and not affordable for all.
In situ science on Phobos with the Raman spectrometer for MMX (RAX): preliminary design and feasibility of Raman measurements
Authors: Cho Yuichiro , Böttger Ute , Rull Fernando , Hübers Heinz-Wilhelm , Belenguer Tomàs , Börner Anko , Buder Maximilian , Bunduki Yuri , Dietz Enrico , Hagelschuer Till , Kameda Shingo , Kopp Emanuel , Lieder Matthias , Lopez-Reyes Guillermo , Moral Inza Andoni Gaizka , Mori Shoki , Ogura Jo Akino , Paproth Carsten , Perez Canora Carlos , Pertenais Martin , Peter Gisbert , Prieto-Ballesteros Olga , Rockstein Steve , Rodd-Routley Selene , Rodriguez Perez Pablo , Ryan Conor , Santamaria Pilar , Säuberlich Thomas , Schrandt Friedrich , Schröder Susanne , Stangarone Claudia , Ulamec Stephan , Usui Tomohiro , Weber Iris , Westerdorff Karsten , Yumoto Koki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMineralogy is the key to understanding the origin of Phobos and its position in the evolution of the Solar System. In situ Raman spectroscopy on Phobos is an important tool to achieve the scientific objectives of the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission, and maximize the scientific merit of the sample return by characterizing the mineral composition and heterogeneity of the surface of Phobos. Conducting in situ Raman spectroscopy in the harsh environment of Phobos requires a very sensitive, compact, lightweight, and robust instrument that can be carried by the compact MMX rover. In this context, the Raman spectrometer for MMX (i.e., RAX) is currently under development via international collaboration between teams from Japan, Germany, and Spain. To demonstrate the capability of a compact Raman system such as RAX, we built an instrument that reproduces the optical performance of the flight model using commercial off-the-shelf parts. Using this performance model, we measured mineral samples relevant to Phobos and Mars, such as anhydrous silicates, carbonates, and hydrous minerals. Our measurements indicate that such minerals can be accurately identified using a RAX-like Raman spectrometer. We demonstrated a spectral resolution of approximately 10 cm−1, high enough to resolve the strongest olivine Raman bands at ~ 820 and ~ 850 cm−1, with highly sensitive Raman peak measurements (e.g., signal-to-noise ratios up to 100). These results strongly suggest that the RAX instrument will be capable of determining the minerals expected on the surface of Phobos, adding valuable information to address the question of the moon’s origin, heterogeneity, and circum-Mars material transport.
Graphical Abstract
A comparative study of greener alternatives for nanocellulose production from sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Pula Bhargavi , Ramesh Shradha , Pamidipati Sirisha , Doddipatla Purnima 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUse of enzyme for extraction of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse is greener alternative. Literature indicates that effectiveness of these enzymes can be improved by auxiliary enzymes or mediators. In the current study, extraction of nanocellulose using laccase with these moderators, auxiliary enzyme glucose oxidase and mediator molecule, ABTS [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate)] individually was done. Cellulose and lignin content, FT-IR, TGA and DSC analysis, XRD, SEM and PSA were done. Enzyme moderators improved the performance of laccase in lignin degradation. Lignin and cellulose content, crystallinity were used as parameters to optimize the concentrations, which was found to be ABTS (at 1.4 mM) and glucose oxidase (at 0.15 mg ml−1). At the optimal concentration, nanocellulose was extracted. Properties of nanocellulose obtained from both routes were compared. Size analysis revealed 339 nm and 636 nm for nanocellulose obtained with glucose oxidase and ABTS, respectively. Defibrillation was better in the case of the former one as seen from SEM.
Graphical Abstract
Characterization of Argonaute nucleases from mesophilic bacteria Paenibacillus borealis and Brevibacillus laterosporus
Authors: Dong Huarong , Huang Fei , Guo Xiang , Xu Xiaoyi , Liu Qian , Li Xiao , Feng Yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThermophilic Argonaute proteins (Agos) have been shown to utilize small DNA guides for cleaving complementary DNA in vitro, which shows great potential for nucleic acid detection. In this study, we explored mesophilic Agos for the detection of small molecule by cooperating with allosteric transcription factors (aTFs). Two Agos from mesophilic bacteria, Paenibacillus borealis (PbAgo) and Brevibacillus laterosporus (BlAgo), showed nuclease activity for single-stranded DNA at moderate temperatures (37 °C) by using 5′-phosphorylated and 5′-hydroxylated DNA guides. Both Agos perform programmable cleavage of double-stranded DNA, especially in AT-rich regions of plasmid. Furthermore, we developed a simple and low-cost p-hydroxybenzoic acid detection method based on DNA-guided DNA cleavage of Agos and the allosteric effect of HosA, which expands the potential application of small molecule detection by Agos.
Prediction of phenolic compounds and glucose content from dilute inorganic acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass using artificial neural network modeling
Authors: Luo Hongzhen , Gao Lei , Liu Zheng , Shi Yongjiang , Xie Fang , Bilal Muhammad , Yang Rongling , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDilute inorganic acids hydrolysis is one of the most promising pretreatment strategies with high recovery of fermentable sugars and low cost for sustainable production of biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. The diverse phenolics derived from lignin degradation during pretreatment are the main inhibitors for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. However, the content features of derived phenolics and produced glucose under different conditions are still unclear due to the highly non-linear characteristic of biomass pretreatment. Here, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for simultaneous prediction of the derived phenolic contents (CPhe) and glucose yield (CGlc) in corn stover hydrolysate before microbial fermentation by integrating dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Six processing parameters including inorganic acid concentration (CIA), pretreatment temperature (T), residence time (t), solid-to-liquid ratio (RSL), kinds of inorganic acids (kIA), and enzyme loading dosage (E) were used as input variables. The CPhe and CGlc were set as the two output variables. An optimized topology structure of 6–12-2 in the ANN model was determined by comparing root means square errors, which has a better prediction efficiency for CPhe (R2 = 0.904) and CGlc (R2 = 0.906). Additionally, the relative importance of six input variables on CPhe and CGlc was firstly calculated by the Garson equation with net weight matrixes. The results indicated that CIA had strong effects (22%-23%) on CPhe or CGlc, then followed by E and T. In conclusion, the findings provide new insights into the sustainable development and inverse optimization of biorefinery process from ANN modeling perspectives.
Graphical Abstract
Running Performance of Male Versus Female Players in Australian Football Matches: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wing Christopher , Hart Nicolas H. , McCaskie Callum , Djanis Petar , Ma’ayah Fadi , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Australian Football is a fast paced, intermittent sport, played by both male and female populations. The aim of this systematic review was to compare male and female Australian Football players, competing at elite and sub-elite levels, for running performance during Australian Football matches based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Methods
Medline, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science searches, using search terms inclusive of Australian Football, movement demands and microsensor technology, returned 2535 potential manuscripts, of which 33 were included in the final analyses.

Results
Results indicated that male athletes performed approximately twice the total running distances of their female counterparts, which was likely due to the differences in quarter length (male elite = 20 min, female elite = 15 min (plus time-on). When expressed relative to playing time, the differences between males and females somewhat diminished. However, high-speed running distances covered at velocities > 14.4 km·h−1 (> 4 m·s−1) were substantially greater (≥ 50%) for male than female players. Male and female players recorded similar running intensities during peak periods of play of shorter duration (e.g., around 1 min), but when the analysis window was lengthened, females showed a greater decrement in running performance.

Conclusion
These results suggest that male players should be exposed to greater training volumes, whereas training intensities should be reasonably comparable across male and female athletes.
Factors Associated with Hip and Groin Pain in Elite Youth Football Players: A Cohort Study
Authors: Schoffl Jacob , Dooley Katherine , Miller Peter , Miller Jess , Snodgrass Suzanne J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite hip and groin pain being commonly reported in elite youth football players, little evidence on risk factors exists. Risk factors in adult football players include reduced hip adductor strength and hip adductor/abductor strength ratios, and lower Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) subscale scores. It is unknown if these factors are also predictive of pain development in youth football players.ObjectiveTo identify whether preseason hip adductor and abductor strength and HAGOS subscale scores of male and female elite youth football players are associated with in-season or historical (lifetime) hip and groin pain.MethodsPreseason hip adductor and abductor strength testing and the HAGOS were undertaken by 105 elite male (n = 58) and female (n = 47) football players aged 11–15 years. Medical staff documented both players’ self-reported historical and in-season hip and groin pain. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were undertaken with main outcome measures in-season hip and groin pain and historical hip and groin pain and independent variables of hip muscle strength, hip muscle torque and HAGOS subscale scores.ResultsTwenty-three players (21.9%) self-reported in-season hip and groin pain, while 19 players (18.1%) self-reported historical hip and groin pain. Pre-season hip adductor and abductor variables and HAGOS subscale scores failed to predict in-season hip and groin pain. However, a higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32; 95% CI 1.01, 1.73,p = .043) and being male (OR 5.71; 95% CI 1.65, 19.7) were associated with having in-season hip and groin pain (R2 = 0.211). There was also an association between historical hip and groin pain (R2 = 0.579) and both HAGOS subscale Quality of Life (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84; 95% CI 0.77, 0.91,p < .001) and mean abductor torque (OR = 11.85; 95% CI 1.52, 91.97;p = .018).ConclusionPre-season hip adductor and abductor strength and HAGOS subscale scores did not predict subsequent in-season hip and groin pain in elite youth football players. However, pre-season higher hip abductor strength and lower HAGOS scores were retrospectively associated with historical hip and groin pain.
The impact of clinical scales in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Aggarwal Nikita , Saini Barjinder Singh , Gupta Savita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease is one of the non-curable diseases and occurs by the prominent loss of neurotransmitter (dopamine) in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The main cause behind this is not yet identified and even its diagnosis is very intricate phase due to non-identified onset symptoms. Despite the fact that PD has been extensively researched over the decades, and various algorithms and strategies for early recognition and avoiding misdiagnosis have been published. The objective of this article is to focus on the current scenario and to explore the involvement of various clinical diagnostic scales in the detection of PD.

Method
An exhaustive literature review is conducted to synthesize the earlier work in this area, and the articles were searched using different keywords like Parkinson disease, motor/non-motor, treatment, diagnosis, scales, PPMI, etc., in all repositories such as Google scholar, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed and many more. From the year 2017 to 2021, a total of 451 publications were scanned, but only 24 studies were chosen for a review process.

Findings
Mostly as clinical tools, UPDRS and HY scales are commonly used and even there are many other scales which can be helpful in detection of symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleepiness, apathy, smell, anhedonia, fatigue, pain, etc., that affect the QoL of pateint. The recognition of non-motor manifests is typically very difficult than motor signs.

Conclusion
This study can give the beneficial research paths at an early stage diagnosis by focusing on frequent inspection of daily activities, interactions, and routine, which may also give a plethora of information on status changes, directing self-reformation, and clinical therapy.
The influence of vitamin D administration on the clinical presentation, body mass index, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) level in a sample of Egyptian children with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Abdallah Hanaa Reyad , Thomas Manal Micheal , Abuelhamd Walaa Alsharany , Ashour Adel Mohamed , Youness Eman Refaat , El-Hariri Hazem Mohamed , El-Bassyouni Hala Tabie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is autosomal recessive chronic disease represents by recurring attacks of polyserositis, fever, and joint pain. Vitamin D deficiency in FMF children has been recently mentioned in literature and linked to delayed physical growth. Osteoporosis in FMF patients can be linked to low levels of vitamin D, too. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) might be used as an indicator for osteoporosis. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D administration on clinical status, BMI, and bone mineral density represented by alterations in the OPG serum levels in a group of Egyptian children with FMF. This was a prospective longitudinal study carried out on 33 children, aged 4–16 years, with FMF cases. Patients were on colchicine 0.5–2 mg/day and received vitamin D3 oral drops 2800 IU/ml; each drop contains 100 IU in a dose of 600 IU/day for 6 months. The effect of vitamin D administration was evaluated clinically, anthropometrically and by assessment of serum vitamin D and osteoprotegerin at baseline and 6 months later.

Results
Serum vitamin D levels were below the normal range before intervention and showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) 6 months after intervention. Significant increase in both BMI Z scores (p < 0.05) and OPG serum levels and improvement in the clinical status as illustrated by significant decrease in the number of cases with fever, arthritis, and abdominal pain and significant decrease in the frequency and duration of the attacks (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results intensely indicate that vitamin D supplementation improved the clinical condition, BMI, and bone mineral density in children with FMF.
Spinal pain revealing brucellar spondylodiscitis: a case report
Authors: Oulkadi Lamia , Amine Bouchra , El binoune Imane , Rostom Samira , Bahiri Rachid 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Brucellosis is an anthropozoonosis. It is an endemic disease in the Mediterranean basin. The clinical presentation is polymorphic. The osteoarticular form is the most frequent of the focal forms affecting mainly the spine. In our endemic context, the diagnosis can lead to confusion with tuberculosis.

Case presentation
We report a case of brucellar spondylodiscitis treated initially as tubercular spondylodiscitis with a good initial evolution. Then, the diagnosis was rectified towards a Brucella origin, after a clinical and biological relapse. Diagnostic confirmation was based on the isolation of Brucella spp in the disco-vertebral CT-guided biopsy and the positive Brucella serology. Then, the patient was put on three antibacterial treatments with doxycycline, rifampicin, plus streptomycin over a period of 6 months with a good evolution.

Conclusion
Brucellar spondylodiscitis is still common in the Maghreb. It is generally insidious and leads to a delay in diagnosis. The clinician must always mention it when faced with spondylodiscitis in an endemic country and ask for brucella serology.
A survey on GAN acceleration using memory compression techniques
Authors: Tantawy Dina , Zahran Mohamed , Wassal Amr 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince its invention, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown outstanding results in many applications. GANs are powerful, yet resource-hungry deep learning models. The main difference between GANs and ordinary deep learning models is the nature of their output and training instability. For example, GANs output can be a whole image versus other models detecting objects or classifying images. Thus, the architecture and numeric precision of the network affect the quality and speed of the solution. Hence, accelerating GANs is pivotal. Data transfer is considered the main source of energy consumption, that is why memory compression is a very efficient technique to accelerate and optimize GANs. Two main types of memory compression exist: lossless and lossy ones. Lossless compression techniques are general among all models; thus, we will focus in this paper on lossy techniques. Lossy compression techniques are further classified into (a) pruning, (b) knowledge distillation, (c) low-rank factorization, (d) lowering numeric precision, and (e) encoding. In this paper, we survey lossy compression techniques for CNN-based GANs. Our findings showed the superiority of knowledge distillation over pruning alone and the gaps in the research field that needs to be explored like encoding and different combination of compression techniques.