bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divine Action and the Emergence of Four Kinds of Randomness
Authors: Koons Robert C. , Dajani Rana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIf the microphysical domain is deterministic, this would seem to leave God with only two ways of influencing events: setting initial conditions or law-breaking intervention. Arthur Peacocke and Philip Clayton argue there is a third possibility, if there is strong emergence. We will examine four candidates for emergence: of intentionality from computational animal behavior, of sentience from biology, of biology from chemistry, and of chemistry from finite quantum mechanics. In all four cases, a kind of finite-to-infinite transition in modeling is required, and in each case a kind of randomness is involved, potentially opening up a third avenue for divine action.
God et al.— World-Making as Collaborative Improvisation: New Metaphors for Open Theists
Authors: Steen Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Abrahamic traditions regard God as the world’s author. But what kind of author? A novelist? A playwright? Perhaps a composer of classical music? I will argue that it is best to regard God as like an improvisational play director or the leader of a jazz ensemble. Each determines the broad melodic contours or coarse-grained plot beforehand, while allowing their musicians or actors, and chance, to fill in the more fine-grained details. This analogy allows us to regard God as the ultimate author of this world, while allowing us to be, while less than co-authors, more than mere enactors of a pre-written piece. These metaphors are particularly well-suited to illustrate and flesh out an Open Theistic view of things.
Saadia on “what is in the hearts of people when they reach the limits of endurance in a trial”
Authors: Stern Josef 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter addresses Saadia’s theodicies in his Doctrines and Beliefs, a treatise of Jewish theology, and his seminal commentary on the Book of Job whose aim, I argue, is not to investigate the theological problem of evil but to give a phenomenology of people’s mental reactions to suffering. On Saadia’s radically naturalistic interpretation of Job, according to which Job’s human adversary Satan challenges his piety—that Job is pious only because he is prosperous—Job is made to suffer to justify his piety. But Job’s reaction to this suffering manifests the ambiguity, isolation, and uncertainty of one who suffers without understanding why.
Randomness in the Cosmos
Authors: Guessoum Nidhal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAfter an introduction of the concepts of randomness and determinacy, I present simple definitions of ‘random number or variable’ or ‘random event’, ‘pseudo-random numbers’, ‘stochastic process’, ‘chance’ and ‘probability’, ‘determinism’ (or ‘deterministic process’), and ‘chaos’. I then proceed to review the different cosmic processes and phenomena where randomness plays an important role. In all these types of processes, I show that there is an underlying “order”, in that there’s a probability distribution for the frequency of such events, the sizes of the objects under consideration, and so on. I conclude with some thoughts on randomness and order in the world and divine providence.
Randomness, Providence, and the Multiverse
Authors: Guiderdoni Bruno 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe review the role of chance, contingency, necessity, and providence among cosmic properties. The materialistic worldview in which the patterns of the universe result from random processes and humans exist in an “indifferent” universe is examined, as well as the current evidence for a fine-tuned universe. The multiverse is the preferred solution to explain why the properties of our observable universe appear to be bio-friendly. It reintroduces randomness and contingency into the cosmic process. However, this explanation comes at the cost of non-testability. And it is argued that there is no certainty about the evacuation of some kind of remaining fine-tuning in the (hypothetical) fundamental law that rules the multiverse.
Can a Muslim be an Evolutionist?
Authors: Taslaman Caner 
Published: September 2021

AbstractI will argue that no claim about the emergence of life forms and humans can contradict Islam. Although the Quran clearly asserts that all species of life, including humans, are created by God, it does not reveal how God created. Since the Quran doesn’t teach how God created species, the Quran is compatible with evolution. Yet, although a Muslim can believe in evolution, I argue against the claim that a Muslim must accept evolution.
Randomness and Providence in Christian Thought
Authors: Zwier Karen R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe problem of randomness and providence is not new. Rather, there is a long history of sophisticated thought in response to this problem, which can be called upon to address the problem in its modern scientific variant. After an overview of Christian belief, I consider the concept of divine providence, concentrating on relevant pieces of Christian scripture and passages from the Church Fathers. Next, I cover, in historical fashion, how Christians have grappled with the question of randomness in relation to God’s providence. Finally, I propose my own way of thinking about randomness and providence.
Regulatory role and mechanisms of myeloid TLR4 in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis
Authors: Yang Fuye , Chen Jiaoyi , Huang Xiao Ru , Yiu Wai Han , Yu Xueqing , Tang Sydney C. W. , Lan Hui Yao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMyeloid cells and TLR4 play a critical role in acute kidney injury. This study investigated the regulatory role and mechanisms of myeloid TLR4 in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN). Anti-GBM GN was induced intlr4flox/floxandtlr4flox/flox−lysM−cremice by intravenous injection of the sheep anti-mouse GBM antibody. Compared to control mice, conditional disruption oftlr4from myeloid cells, largely macrophages (> 85%), suppressed glomerular crescent formation and attenuated progressive renal injury by lowering serum creatinine and 24-h urine protein excretion while improving creatinine clearance. Mechanistically, deletion of myeloidtlr4markedly inhibited renal infiltration of macrophages and T cells and resulted in a shift of infiltrating macrophages from F4/80+iNOS+M1 to F4/80+CD206+M2 phenotype and inhibited the upregulation of renal proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and MCP-1. Importantly, deletion of myeloidtlr4suppressed T cell-mediated immune injury by shifting Th1 (CD4+IFNγ+) and Th17 (CD4+IL-17a+) to Treg (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) immune responses. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that disrupted myeloid TLR4 largely downregulated genes involving immune and cytokine-related pathways. Thus, myeloid TLR4 plays a pivotal role in anti-GBM GN by immunological switching from M1 to M2 and from Th1/Th17 to Treg and targeting myeloid TLR4 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for immune-mediated kidney diseases.
A symplectic restriction problem
Authors: Blomer Valentin , Corbett Andrew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate the norm of a degree 2 Siegel modular form of asymptotically large weight whose argument is restricted to the 3-dimensional subspace of its imaginary part. On average over Saito–Kurokawa lifts an asymptotic formula is established that is consistent with the mass equidistribution conjecture on the Siegel upper half space as well as the Lindelöf hypothesis for the corresponding Koecher–Maaß series. The ingredients include a new relative trace formula for pairs of Heegner periods.
Wave exposure shapes reef community composition and recovery trajectories at a remote coral atoll
Authors: Lange Ines D. , Benkwitt Cassandra E. , McDevitt-Irwin Jamie M. , Tietjen Kristina L. , Taylor Brett , Chinkin Mark , Gunn Rachel L. , Palmisciano Melissa , Steyaert Margaux , Wilson Bry , East Holly K. , Turner John , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Perry Chris T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a time of unprecedented ecological change, understanding natural biophysical relationships between reef resilience and physical drivers is of increasing importance. This study evaluates how wave forcing structures coral reef benthic community composition and recovery trajectories after the major 2015/2016 bleaching event in the remote Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Benthic cover and substrate rugosity were quantified from digital imagery at 23 fore reef sites around a small coral atoll (Salomon) in 2020 and compared to data from a similar survey in 2006 and opportunistic surveys in intermediate years. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis show strong separation of community composition between exposed (modelled wave exposure > 1000 J m−3) and sheltered sites (< 1000 J m−3) in 2020. This difference is driven by relatively high cover of Porites sp., other massive corals, encrusting corals, soft corals, rubble and dead table corals at sheltered sites versus high cover of pavement and sponges at exposed sites. Total coral cover and rugosity were also higher at sheltered sites. Adding data from previous years shows benthic community shifts from distinct exposure-driven assemblages and high live coral cover in 2006 towards bare pavement, dead Acropora tables and rubble after the 2015/2016 bleaching event. The subsequent recovery trajectories at sheltered and exposed sites are surprisingly parallel and lead communities towards their respective pre-bleaching communities. These results demonstrate that in the absence of human stressors, community patterns on fore reefs are strongly controlled by wave exposure, even during and after widespread coral loss from bleaching events.
Home environment and frailty in very old adults
Authors: Zimmermann Jaroslava , Hansen Sylvia , Wagner Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Since older adults spend much time in their home environment (HE), frailty may occur as a consequence of a maladaptation to the HE. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of frailty in the very old population of North Rhine-Westphalia, and to examine the association between the HE and the frailty levels of these individuals.

Methods
Data from a cross-sectional representative study were used, including data on 1577 community-dwelling individuals and nursing home residents aged ≥ 80 years. Objective and subjective HE aspects were included. Frailty was defined according to four criteria: exhaustion, unintentional weight loss, weakness, and low physical activity. Adjusted multinomial regression modelling was used to analyze the link between the HE and frailty levels.

Results
Of the very old individuals, 24.3% were robust, 57.0% were prefrail, and 18.7% were frail. Adjusting for relevant sociodemographic and health characteristics, being not closely attached to the HE was linked with an increased probability of being prefrail and frail. An improvement of the residential area was associated with a decrease in odds of being frail. Living in communities with less than 50,000 and with 100,000–499,999 inhabitants decreased the odds of being frail.

Discussion
Frailty prevalence is shown to be higher in the very old population than in the younger age groups in Germany. Early identification of frailty and tailored interventions focused on improving objective and subjective attributes of the HE are needed to reduce the risk of frailty.
Incidental uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose in the Waldeyer’s ring and risk of oropharyngeal malignancy
Authors: Bujoreanu Iulia , Gujral Dorothy , Wallitt Kathryn , Awad Zaid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly used to diagnose and stage malignancy. The aim of this article is to investigate the significance of incidental FDG uptake in the Waldeyer’s ring and to assess its value in predicting clinically occult oropharyngeal malignancy.

Methods
All FDG-PET/CT scans performed in Imperial College NHS Foundation Trust, UK between January 2012 and November 2018 were included. Patients with known or suspected oropharyngeal malignancy or lymphoma were excluded. Minimum follow-up was 12 months.

Results
A total of 724 scans revealed oropharyngeal uptake of FDG. Of these, 102 were included in the study. Most patients (62.1%) were scanned as part of staging for other malignancies. Oropharyngeal FDG uptake was asymmetrical in 57.3% of the cases. Uptake was more common in the tonsils (56.3%), followed by the tongue base (31.1%) and both sites (12.6%). In 41.7% of reports, appearance was described as likely physiological; however, 52.4% of reports advised direct visualisation, clinical correlation or ENT opinion. Only 24.3% (25/102) of patients were referred and seen by ENT, 14.6% (15/102) of which had an interval PET scan and 8.7% (9/102) proceeded to tissue diagnosis. There was one oropharyngeal cancer identified and one unexpected metastasis from esophageal cancer.

Conclusion
Incidental uptake on PET/CT in the oropharynx is common. However, malignancy is rare (1.9%) and, when present, is associated with high SUVmax and asymmetrical uptake. Imaging results must be correlated clinically. These patients should be seen by an ENT specialist yet most may not require further investigations.
Multiple sclerosis epidemiological trends in Italy highlight the environmental risk factors
Authors: Puthenparampil M. , Perini P. , Bergamaschi R. , Capobianco M. , Filippi M. , Gallo P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractItaly is definitely a high-risk country for multiple sclerosis (MS). Over the last 50 years, several epidemiological studies, including longitudinal surveys, have disclosed that MS incidence and prevalence in Italy mainland and Islands (Sardinia and Sicily) have progressively increased, picturing a semi-parabolic curve. Based on the comprehensive scrutiny of 58 papers, we conclude that the latitude risk gradient does not fit to the Italian map of MS. The genetic heterogeneity of the Italian ethnicities, that likely forms the basis of MS predisposition, does not account for the dramatic increase of MS incidence and prevalence observed in Italy over the last half century that, rather, seems better explained by the effect of environmental factors.
A mixed integer linear programming model to support e-fulfillment strategies in warehouse-based supermarket chains
Authors: Vazquez-Noguerol Mar , Comesaña-Benavides Jose A. , Riveiro-Sanroman Sara , Prado-Prado J. Carlos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of the online channel has greatly increased the logistics costs of supermarket chains. Even the difficulty of managing order picking and delivery processes has increased due to the short delivery times and the preservation of perishable products. Against that backdrop, the proposed approach presents a mathematical model for planning the e-fulfillment activities with the objective of ensuring maximum efficiency. The linear programming model has been designed for e-grocers that prepare their online orders at central warehouses. The mathematical model determines both the time windows during which picking and transport should take place and the assignment of trucks to delivery routes. The allocation of online orders is performed taking into account the conservation requirement of each type of product and the availability of means. Considering this planning tool, managers can improve the decision-making process guaranteeing the quality of service while reducing the e-fulfillment cost for joint picking and delivery point of view. Motivated by a cooperation with a supermarket chain, results bring great insight based on the simulation of different logistics alternatives. Companies and researchers can compare the strategy of leveling the workload and the strategy of reducing the number of means, a common alternative in logistics outsourced to third parties. In addition, the different scenarios developed make it possible to determine the substantial savings achieved by modifying the delivery services and advancing the order preparation. As a result, managerial insights are identified highlighting the importance of efficient order planning to improve the profitability of online sales.
Hospital preparedness during epidemics using simulation: the case of COVID-19
Authors: Garcia-Vicuña Daniel , Esparza Laida , Mallor Fermin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a discrete event simulation model to support decision-making for the short-term planning of hospital resource needs, especially Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds, to cope with outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Given its purpose as a short-term forecasting tool, the simulation model requires an accurate representation of the current system state and high fidelity in mimicking the system dynamics from that state. The two main components of the simulation model are the stochastic modeling of patient admission and patient flow processes. The patient arrival process is modelled using a Gompertz growth model, which enables the representation of the exponential growth caused by the initial spread of the virus, followed by a period of maximum arrival rate and then a decreasing phase until the wave subsides. We conducted an empirical study concluding that the Gompertz model provides a better fit to pandemic-related data (positive cases and hospitalization numbers) and has superior prediction capacity than other sigmoid models based on Richards, Logistic, and Stannard functions. Patient flow modelling considers different pathways and dynamic length of stay estimation in several healthcare stages using patient-level data. We report on the application of the simulation model in two Autonomous Regions of Spain (Navarre and La Rioja) during the two COVID-19 waves experienced in 2020. The simulation model was employed on a daily basis to inform the regional logistic health care planning team, who programmed the ward and ICU beds based on the resulting predictions.
Incidence of malignancy after pediatric kidney transplantation: a single-center experience over the past three decades in Japan
Authors: Aoki Yujiro , Satoh Hiroyuki , Hamasaki Yuko , Hamada Riku , Harada Ryoko , Hataya Hiroshi , Ishikura Kenji , Muramatsu Masaki , Shishido Seiichiro , Sakai Ken 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Malignancy after kidney transplantation (KT) is one of the most serious post-transplant complications. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, type, and outcomes of malignancy after pediatric KT.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study on pediatric kidney transplant recipients aged 18 years or younger who received their first transplant between 1975 and 2009.

Results
Among the 375 children who underwent KT, 212 were male (56.5%) and 163 were female (43.5%) (median age at KT, 9.6 years [interquartile range {IQR}] 5.8–12.9 years). The incidence of malignancy was 5.6% (n = 21). The cumulative incidences of cancer were 0.8%, 2.5%, 2.8%, 4.2%, 5.5%, and 15.6% at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 years post-transplantation, respectively. Of 375 patients, 12 (3.2%) had solid cancer and nine (2.4%) had lymphoproliferative malignancy. The median age at the first malignancy was 21.3 years (IQR 11.5–33.3 years). The median times from transplant to diagnosis were 22.3 years (IQR 12.3–26.6 years) for solid cancer and 2.2 years (IQR 0.6–2.8) for lymphoproliferative malignancies. During follow-up, five recipients died due to malignancy. The causes of death were hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient, squamous cell carcinoma in the transplanted kidney in one patient, malignant schwannoma in one patient, and Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphoma in two patients. The mortality rate was 0.79 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 0.38, 1.85).

Conclusions
Early diagnosis and treatment of malignancies in transplant recipients is an important challenge. Therefore, enhanced surveillance and continued vigilance for malignancy following KT are necessary.
The two-spin model of a tracking chamber: a phase-space perspective
Authors: Barletti Luigi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the dynamics of classical localization in a simple, one-dimensional model of a tracking chamber. The emitted particle is represented by a superposition of Gaussian wave packets moving in opposite directions, and the detectors are two spins in fixed, opposite positions with respect to the central emitter. At variance with other similar studies, we give here a phase-space representation of the dynamics in terms of the Wigner matrix of the system. This allows a better visualization of the phenomenon and helps in its interpretation. In particular, we discuss the relationship of the localization process with the properties of entanglement possessed by the system.
Effects of Hydrothermal Treatments on Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Digestion of Starch
Authors: Chakraborty Ishita , Govindaraju Indira , Rongpipi Sintu , Mahato Krishna Kishore , Mazumder Nirmal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStarchy food items such as rice and potato with high carbohydrate content raise blood sugar. Hence, consuming low glycaemic foods is one tool to keep diabetes under control. In this study, potato and brown rice (Njavara rice) starches were subjected to hydrothermal treatments: heat moisture treatment (HMT) and annealing (ANN) to develop starch-based food products fit for consumption by diabetic patients. The effects of hydrothermal treatments on physicochemical properties and in-vitro enzymatic digestion of starch were determined. It was observed that hydrothermal treatments decreased the swelling power (SP)% and increased the water solubility (WS)% of the native starches. Native potato starch (PSN) showed a high SP of 80.33%, while annealed potato starch (PANN) and heat moisture treated potato starch (PHMT) showed SP reduced to 65.33% and 51.66%, respectively. Similarly, the SP % reduced from 64.33% in native brown rice (BRN) to 44.66% in annealed brown rice (BRANN) and 38.33% in heat moisture treated brown rice (BRHMT). WS % increased from 32.86% in PSN to 36.66% in PANN and 40.66% in PHMT. In BRN, the WS % increased from 14.0% to 14.66% in BRANN and 18.33% in BRHMT. Amylose content increased from 13.23% and 14.56% in PSN and BRN to 16.14% in PANN 17.99% in PHMT, 17.33% in BRANN, and 18.98% in BRHMT. The PSN crystallinity index reduced from 33.49 to 30.50% in PANN and 32.60% in PHMT. At 12 h of enzymatic digestion, it was found that the degree of hydrolysis (DoH) of PHMT (31.66%) and PANN (36.82%) reduced when compared to PSN (41.09%). Similarly, BRHMT exhibited the lowest DoH at 12 h compared to BRANN (29.24%) and BRN (35.48%). This study highlights the importance of hydrothermal treatments on starch in developing low glycaemic index commercial starch-based food products.