bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningioma of posterolateral tentorial incisura: a case demonstration of paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach
Authors: Keles Abdullah , Ozaydin Burak , Baskaya Mustafa K. 
Published: July 2021

The paramedian supracerebellar transtentorial approach allows unobstructed exposure to the quadrigeminal cistern, tectal plate, pineal region, tentorial incisura, medial basal temporal lobe, and posterior ambient cistern. The authors present a meningioma of the posterolateral tentorial incisura case in a 62-year-old male who presented with a long history of upper-extremity tremors and walking difficulties. MRI revealed supra- and infratentorial tumor extension and hydrocephalus. This approach enabled us to achieve gross-total resection without causing neurovascular injury or any postoperative neurological deficits. For each pathology, the pros and cons of various approaches should be considered based on the anatomy, vasculature, and any surrounding structures.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID2138.
Anterior endoscopic transcortical approach to a pineal region cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Li Jiuhong , He Jiaojiang , Liu Lunxin , Zhou Liangxue 
Published: July 2021

A 57-year-old female presented with headache and dizziness for 3 months. Preoperative MRI revealed a lesion located at the pineal region and back side of the third ventricle, accompanied by hydrocephalus. The infratentorial supracerebellar approach may cause visuomotor, acousticomotor, and hearing disturbances. With the patient in a supine position, the authors used a frontal linear incision that was 3 cm anterior to the coronal suture and 2 cm away from the midline and an anterior endoscopic transcortical approach, which could achieve endoscopic third ventriculostomy, alleviating and preventing hydrocephalus due to postoperative adhesion and resection of the lesion at the same time. The pathological diagnosis was cavernous hemangioma.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID215.
Studi Kasus Ppda Siswa yang Memiliki Perilaku Pacaran Menyimpang di SMP Negeri I Madang Suku II
Authors: Sri Astuti Ayu , Romli Moh. Edwar 
Published: July 2021

Dikalangan remaja sering dijumpai adanya perilaku pacaran menyimpang, perilaku pacaran menyimpang hasil dari proses sosialisasi yang tidak sempurna. Kelompok yang paling rentang dalam proses prilaku pacaran menyimpang yaitu para remajaTujuannya peneliti untuk megetahui bentuk-bentuk siswa yang memiliki perilaku pacaran menyimpang, mengetahui faktor sisiwaÂ yang memiliki perilaku pacaran menyimpang, mengetahui dampak dari siswa yang memiliki perilaku pacaran menyimpang, mengetahui peran guru BK dalam mengatasi siswa yang memiliki perilaku pacaran menyimpang. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan fiel research (penelitian lapangan) yaitu peneliti dengan mengamati langsung ke lokasi penelitian atau subyek yang akan diteliti. subyeknya secara langsung dan melalui pengamatan. Setelah semua data yang diperlukan telah terkumpul, lalu dianalisis. Teknik analisisnya dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi.Hasil penelitian adalah bentuk perilaku pacaran menyimpang bersentuhan,berciuman,berpelukan. Faktor keluarga, kelompok bermain, media masa. Dampak prestasi sekolah menurun, pergaulan sekolah, mengisi waktu luang, perasaan nyaman dan peran guru BK.Â Kata kunci : Siswa x Yang Memiliki Perilaku Pacaran Menyimpang
MAQĀṢID AL-SYARĪ’AH DALAM TINJAUAN PEMIKIRAN IBNU ‘ĀSYŪR DAN JASSER AUDA
Authors: Ni’ami Mohammad Fauzan , Bustamin Bustamin 
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the comparative maqāṣid al-syarī’ah in the thoughts of ibn 'āsyūr and jasser auda, preceded by examining the construction of maqāṣid al-syarī’ah thinking of ibnu' āsyur and jasser auda which contains the background of thought, maqāṣid al- theory. shārī 'ah, and the method of determining the maqāṣid al-syarī’ah. This paper also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the similarities and differences between the maqāṣid al-syarī’ah which was initiated by Ibn 'Āsyūr and Jasser Auda. Not to forget that this type of research is library research using a comparative approach. The results show that the similarities of maqāṣid al-syarī’ah ibnu āsyūr and jasser auda both make constructive criticism of the traditional model maqâsid for various reasons, while the difference is that the concept of maqāṣid asy-syarīʻah is offered with their background backgrounds. The weaknesses of the maqāṣid al-syarī'ah Ibn 'Āsyūr are that the big idea is still the same as that of Imam al-Shāṭibī such as the method of istiqrā' and the way of expressing the aims of shari 'by paying attention to the form of amar, nahi which has a clear start, while the lack of maqāṣid al-syarīʻah Jasser Auda is in the author's opinion setting aside the turast tradition.
Mengembalikan Image Pariwisata Lombok Paska Bencana
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Menur , Hayati Cucu , Fahamsyah M. Hatta 
Published: July 2021

Era globalisasi dan teknologi berkontribusi terhadap bisnis pariwisata melampaui ekspor minyak, produk makanan sekaligus merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan utama bagi banyak negara berkembang. Di bidang pelayanan, kekhasan pariwisata menampilkan dirinya sebagai industri utama untuk penggunaan dan inovasi teknologi. Tetapi di balik pertumbuhannya, muncul pula risiko iklim yang datang tanpa kompromi. Gempa Lombok merupakan awal dari rangkaian Gempa Lombok 2018 yang dipicu oleh aktivitas sesar naik di utara Lombok . Hal ini menelan banyak korban jiwa dan lebih dari 10.000 bangunan rusak. Berita kehancuran dan memukul pariwisata Lombok serta meneror wisatawan dalam merencanakan wisata ke Lombok, dengan cepat menyiarkan kabar hingga ke manca negara. Dampak ekonomi dari gempa, kerusakan hingga kerugian yang dialami pelaku usaha pariwisata dan pemulihan citra destinasi,membutuhkan pemulihan hinga bertahun-tahun. Makalah ini bermaksud untuk memperdalam kerusakan yang terjadi pada pulau Lombok, dengan menyarankan beberapa tindakan yang dapat meminimalkan efek dari bencana untuk menarik Kembali minat wisatawan sehingga memulihkan perekonomian Indonesia.Kata kunci: Manajemen krisis; Krisis Keselamatan dan Keamanan; Image Destinasi ABSTRACT The era of globalization and technology has contributed to the tourism business beyond the export of oil, food products and is one of the main sources of income for many developing countries. In the service sector, the specialty of tourism presents itself as a major industry for the use and innovation of technology. But behind its growth, there are also climate risks that come without compromise. The Lombok Earthquake was the beginning of the 2018 Lombok Earthquake series which was triggered by an upswing activity in the north of Lombok. This claimed many lives and damaged more than 10,000 buildings. News of the destruction and hit Lombok tourism as well as terrorizing tourists in planning tours to Lombok, quickly spread the news to foreign countries. The economic impact of the earthquake, the damage to the losses suffered by tourism business actors and the restoration of the image of the destination, requires years of recovery. This paper intends to deepen the damage done to the island of Lombok, by suggesting some actions that can minimize the effects of the disaster in order to re-attract tourists and thus restore the Indonesian economy.Keywords: Crisis management; Safety and Security Crisis; Destination Image
18F-ASEM Imaging for Evaluating Atherosclerotic Plaques Linked to α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Dawei , Chen Xiangyi , Liang Yingkui , Guo Feng , Wu Chunxiao , Jia Liujun , Hou Zhihui , Li Wenliang , He ZuoXiang , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory procedure alongside with lipid efflux disorder and foam cell formation. α7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is a gated-calcium transmembrane channel widely expressed in neuron and non-neuron cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, activated T cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells. 18F-ASEM is an inhibitor targeted to α7nAChR that had been successfully applied in nervous system diseases. Previous studies had highlighted that α7nAChR was related to the emergency of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with excess inflammation cells. Thus, 18F-ASEM could be a complementary diagnostic approach to atherosclerotic plaques.Materials and MethodsThe synthesis of ASEM precursor and 18F-labeling had been performed successfully. We had established the ApoE–/– mice atherosclerotic plaques model (fed with western diet) and New Zealand rabbits atherosclerotic models (balloon-sprained experiment and western diet). After damage of endothelial cells and primary plaque formation, 18F-ASEM imaging of atherosclerotic plaques linked to α7nAChR had been conducted. In vivo micro-PET/CT imaging of ApoE–/– mice and the control group was performed 1 h after injection of 18F-ASEM (100–150 μCi); PET/CT imaging for rabbits with atherosclerotic plaques and control ones was also performed. Meanwhile, we also conducted CT scan on the abdominal aorta of these rabbits. After that, the animals were sacrificed, and the carotid and abdominal aorta were separately taken out for circular sections. The paraffin-embedded specimens were sectioned with 5 μm thickness and stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&amp;E) and oil red.ResultsIn vivo vessel binding of 18F-ASEM and α7nAChR expression in the model group with atherosclerosis plaques was significantly higher than that in the control group. PET/CT imaging successfully identified the atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE–/– mice and model rabbits, whereas no obvious signals were detected in normal mice or rabbits. Compared with 18F-FDG, 18F-ASEM had more significant effect on the early monitoring of inflammation in carotid atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE–/– mice and model rabbits. 18F-ASEM had relatively more palpable effect on the imaging of abdominal aorta with atherosclerosis in rabbits. H&amp;E and oil red staining identified the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in model animals, which provided pathological basis for the evaluation of imaging effects.ConclusionWe first confirmed 18F-ASEM as radiotracer with good imaging properties for precise identification of atherosclerotic diseases.
Selective Production of Phenol-Rich Bio-Oil From Corn Straw Waste by Direct Microwave Pyrolysis Without Extra Catalyst
Authors: Zhao Zhiyue , Jiang Zhiwei , Xu Hong , Yan Kai 
Published: July 2021

We report a sustainable strategy to cleanly address biomass waste with high-value utilization. Phenol-rich bio-oil is selectively produced by direct pyrolysis of biomass waste corn straw (CS) without use of any catalyst in a microwave device. The effects of temperature and power on the yield and composition of pyrolysis products are investigated in detail. Under microwave irradiation, a very fast pyrolysis rate and bio-oil yield as high as 46.7 wt.% were obtained, which were competitive with most of the previous results. GC-MS analysis showed that temperature and power (heating rate) had great influences on the yield of bio-oil and the selectivity of phenolic compounds. The optimal selectivity of phenols in bio-oil was 49.4 area% by adjusting the operating parameters. Besides, we have made detailed statistics on the change trend of some components and different phenols in bio-oil and given the law and reason of their change with temperature and power. The in situ formed highly active biochar from CS with high content of potassium (1.34 wt.%) is responsible for the improvement of phenol-rich oils. This study offers a sustainable way to fully utilize biomass waste and promote the achievement of carbon neutrality.
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Participates in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Perturbs the Formation of Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Hu Chaowei , Wang Pan , Yang Yunyun , Li Juan , Jiao Xiaolu , Yu Huahui , Wei Yongxiang , Li Jing , Qin Yanwen 
Published: July 2021

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the prominent signature of highly prevalent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology, which leads to increased risk and aggravation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, whether intestinal microbiota is implicated in the mechanisms linking CIH to arteriosclerosis (AS) pathogenesis remains unclear. The association of CIH with the development of altered gut microbiota (GM) may provide the opportunity to develop preventive strategies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. Animal models of apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) and subjected to CIH conditions was applied to mimic the AS observed in patients with OSA. The physiological status and atherosclerotic lesion formation were confirmed by histological analysis. 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal samples was conducted to determine the changes in gut microbial composition. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that CIH caused aggravated atherosclerotic lesions and facilitated AS in apoE-/- mice treated with HFD. The gut bacteria was significantly varied in AS and AS+CIH mice compared with that in the control mice. Significantly perturbed GM profiles were detected in AS mice with and without CIH, with altered microbial α- and β- diversity and shifts in bacterial compositions at phylum and genus levels. While the difference between AS and AS+CIH was observed at different bacteria taxa levels. Aggravation of reduced Sutterella and increased Halomonas, Halomonadaceae and Oceanospirillales was noted in CIH-treated AS mice. The correlation of intestinal bacterial parameters with pathological changes in artery indicated complicated interactions under CIH-induced GM dysbiosis. Furthermore, the gut microbial functions in the potential ability of replication recombination and repair proteins, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, as well as metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were identified to be further suppressed by CIH. Our findings demonstrated a causal effect of CIH on GM alterations in AS mice and suggested that the disordered GM features in AS development were deteriorated by CIH, which may be associated with AS aggravation. Preventative strategies targeting gut microbiome are highly recommended for intervention of OSA-related AS.
Differences in Manifestations and Gut Microbiota Composition Between Patients With Different Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Phenotypes
Authors: Zhang Yuanzhen , Xia Guizhi , Nie Xiaojing , Zeng Yugui , Chen Yi , Qian Yifang , Chen Guangming , Huang Jun , Wang Chengfeng , Zhang Chuanyin , Huang Xiaoli , Yang Yuen , Qiu Xiaojian , Yang Fang , Chen Jie , Hu Jun 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundGut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. However, the complex pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) remains elusive. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota in HSP patients and explore the potential association between gut microbiota composition and phenotypic changes in HSP.Methods16SrRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed using total DNA extracted from the fecal microbiota of 34 children with HSP, including 18 primary cases, 16 recurrent cases, and 23 healthy children.ResultsThe diversity indexes showed significant differences in the microbial community among the primary HSP groups, the recurrent HSP group and healthy controls. The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the recurrent HSP group was significantly higher than that in the primary HSP group, and the constructed ROC curve had an AUC value of 0.750. According to the Spearman correlation analysis, the abundance of Bacteroides was positively associated with the serum IgG level in children with HSP, while the abundance of Lachnoclostridium was negatively correlated with the complement component 3 (C3). The diversity indexes of gut microbiota in the HSP group with abdominal symptoms were higher than those in the HSP group without GI involvement, and also higher than those in the healthy control group. In the HSP group with GI involvement, the abundance of Faecalibacterium was decreased, while the abundance of Streptococcus and Fusobacteria was increased, compared to the HSP group without GI involvement.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota of children with HSP was different from that of healthy children. The genus Escherichia-Shigella has a diagnostic value for HSP recurrence. Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium may affect IgG and complement C3 levels in children with HSP. Abdominal symptoms in HSP children were related to gut microbiota (Streptococcus and butyric acid-producing bacteria).
A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial: Oral Miltefosine and Pentavalent Antimonials Associated With Pentoxifylline for the Treatment of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis
Authors: Martins Sofia Sales , Barroso Daniel Holanda , Rodrigues Bruna Côrtes , da Motta Jorgeth de Oliveira Carneiro , Freire Gustavo Subtil Magalhães , Pereira Ledice Inácia de Araújo , Kurisky Patrícia Shu , Gomes Ciro Martins , Sampaio Raimunda Nonata Ribeiro 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionAmerican tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), which can present as either cutaneous (CL) or mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), is endemic in South America, and first-line antimonial treatments are known for their wide range of adverse effects (AEs). Growing reports of drug resistance increase the urgency of the need for better treatment options. The objective of this pilot clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of and AEs associated with the oral combination of miltefosine and pentoxifylline based on a post hoc analysis.MethodsA pilot, randomized, open-label clinical trial was performed. The experimental group (M+P) received 50 mg twice a day (BID) miltefosine and 400 mg three times a day (TID) pentoxifylline, and the control group (A+P) received 20 mg Sb+V/kg/day intravenously and 400 mg TID pentoxifylline. Patients with ML received treatment for 28 days, and patients with CL received treatment for 20 days.ResultsForty-three patients were included: 25 with ML and 18 with CL caused by L.(V.) braziliensis. AEs were more frequent in the A+P group (p=0.322), and there was a need for treatment interruption due to severe AEs (p=0.027). Patients with CL had a higher chance of achieving a cure (p=0.042) and a higher risk of AEs (p=0.033). There was no difference in the chance of a cure based on the treatment (p=0.058).ConclusionIn this pilot randomized clinical trial, M+P treatment and A+P treatment yielded similar cure rates, and the former was associated with a lower risk of AEs. Future studies with more patients and longer follow-up are recommended.
Association Between Fasting Hyperglycemia and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Impact on Short- and Long-Term Prognosis
Authors: Li Mingxing , Gao Yingying , Guo Kai , Wu Zidi , Lao Yi , Li Jiewen , Huang Xuansheng , Feng Li , Dong Jianting , Yuan Yong 
Published: July 2021

Background: The relationship between fasting hyperglycemia (FHG) and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear, and whether their co-occurrence is associated with a worse in-hospital and long-term prognosis than FHG or AF alone is unknown.Objective: To explore the correlation between FHG and new-onset AF in patients with AMI, and their impact on in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study comprising 563 AMI patients. The patients were divided into the FHG group and the NFHG group. The incidence of new-onset AF during hospitalization was compared between the two groups and sub-groups under different Killip grades. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between FHG and new-onset AF. In-hospital mortality and long-term all-cause mortality were compared among patients with FHG, AF, and with both FHG and AF according to 10 years of follow-up information.Results: New-onset AF occurred more frequently in the FHG group than in the NFHG group (21.6 vs. 9.2%, p &lt; 0.001). This trend was observed for Killip grade I (16.6 vs. 6.5%, p = 0.002) and Grade II (17.1 vs. 6.9%, p = 0.005), but not for Killip grade III–IV (40 vs. 33.3%, p = 0.761). Logistic regression showed FHG independently correlated with new-onset AF (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.53–4.30; P &lt; 0.001), and 1 mmol/L increased in fasting glucose was associated with a 5% higher rate of new-onset AF, after adjustment for traditional AF risk factors. AMI patients complicated with both fasting hyperglycemia and AF showed the highest in-hospital mortality and long-term all-cause mortality during an average of 11.2 years of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression showed FHG combined with AF independently correlated with long-term all-cause mortality after adjustment for other traditional risk factors (OR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.64–5.96, p = 0.001), compared with the group with neither FHG nor new-onset AF.Conclusion: FHG was an independent risk factor for new-onset AF in patients with AMI. AMI patients complicated with both FHG and new-onset AF showed worse in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality than with FHG or AF alone.
Neuromedins NMU and NMS: An Updated Overview of Their Functions
Authors: Malendowicz Ludwik K. , Rucinski Marcin 
Published: July 2021

More than 35 years have passed since the identification of neuromedin U (NMU). Dozens of publications have been devoted to its physiological role in the organism, which have provided insight into its occurrence in the body, its synthesis and mechanism of action at the cellular level. Two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified, with NMUR1 distributed mainly peripherally and NMUR2 predominantly centrally. Recognition of the role of NMU in the control of energy homeostasis of the body has greatly increased interest in this neuromedin. In 2005 a second, structurally related peptide, neuromedin S (NMS) was identified. The expression of NMS is more restricted, it is predominantly found in the central nervous system. In recent years, further peptides related to NMU and NMS have been identified. These are neuromedin U precursor related peptide (NURP) and neuromedin S precursor related peptide (NSRP), which also exert biological effects without acting via NMUR1, or NMUR2. This observation suggests the presence of another, as yet unrecognized receptor. Another unresolved issue within the NMU/NMS system is the differences in the effects of various NMU isoforms on diverse cell lines. It seems that development of highly specific NMUR1 and NMUR2 receptor antagonists would allow for a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action of NMU/NMS and related peptides in the body. They could form the basis for attempts to use such compounds in the treatment of disorders, for example, metabolic disorders, circadian rhythm, stress, etc.