bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable natural bioresources in crop protection: antimicrobial hydroxycoumarins induce membrane depolarization‐associated changes in the transcriptome of Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Yang Liang , Guan Dailu , Valls Marc , Ding Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRalstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating pathogens affecting crop production worldwide. The hydroxycoumarins (umbelliferone, esculetin and daphnetin) represent sustainable natural bioresources on controlling plant bacterial wilt. However, the antibacterial mechanism of hydroxycoumarins against plant pathogens still remains poorly understood.RESULTSHere we characterized the effect of three hydroxycoumarins on the transcriptome of R. solanacearum. All three hydroxycoumarins were able to kill R. solanacearum, but their antibacterial activity impacted differently the bacterial transcriptome, indicating that their modes of action might be different. Treatment of R. solanacearum cultures with hydroxycoumarins resulted in a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), involved in basic cellular functions and metabolic process, such as down‐regulation of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis, RNA modification, ribosomal submits, oxidative phosphorylation and electrontransport, as well as up‐regulation of genes involved in transcriptional regulators, drug efflux, and oxidative stress responses. Future studies based on in vitro experiments are proposed to investigate lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis pathway leading to R. solanacearum cell death caused by hydroxycoumarins. Deletion of lpxB substantially inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum, and reduced virulence of pathogen on tobacco plants.CONCULSIONOur transcriptomic analyses show that specific hydroxycoumarins suppressed gene expression involved in fatty acid synthesis, RNA modification, ribosomal submits, oxidative phosphorylation and electrontransport. These findings provide evidence that hydroxycoumarins inhibit R. solanacearum growth through multi‐target effect. Hydroxycoumarins could serve as sustainable natural bioresources against plant bacterial wilt through membrane destruction targeting the lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis pathway.
Coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical analysis of reinforced concrete beams under the effect of frost damage and sustained load
Authors: Gong Fuyuan , Wang Zhao , Xia Jin , Maekawa Koichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFrost damage is an important deterioration parameter for reinforced concrete (RC) structures in cold and humid environment, which usually acts simultaneously with sustained load caused by self‐weight, immobile weight, and so forth. This article conducts a thermo‐hydro‐mechanical simulation on the structural behavior of RC beams under the coupled effect of frost damage and sustained load. This simulation approach starts from the microscale material‐based frost damage model of multicomponent substance to the macroscale structural‐based performance evaluation of RC beam. On the basis of this approach, the damage accumulation of RC beam model under both frost action and sustained load is simulated. Afterward, flexural bending load is applied to investigate the structural performance of the RC beam which has suffered coupled damage. Laboratory experiments also show a satisfactory agreement with numerical simulation. Parametric study is also conducted to further evaluate the influence by different parameters on the structural deterioration, for example, reinforcement arrangement, water to cement ratio, and so on. Finally, the equivalent frost‐damaged strength with respect to the damaged region is adopted to calculate the flexural capacity according to the design code, and a simple method is proposed to verify or predict the properties of RC beam under the coupled effect of frost damage and sustained load.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01287 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells via the miR‐3529‐5p/RNASEH2A axis under the competitive endogenous RNA pattern
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ma Dan , Kang Honggang , Zhao Jun , Yang Mengxiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is regarded as the most common type of lung cancer. The molecular targeted therapies for LUAD have being extensively studied. Ribonuclease H2 subunit A (RNASEH2A) is a nucleotide degrading enzyme gene that exerts great influence on cell proliferation, DNA replication and genomic stability. According to bioinformatics analysis, RNASEH2A expression in LUAD tissues is predicted to be upregulated and high expression of RNASEH2A might be related to lower survival rate in LUAD patients. In the present study, we investigated functions of RNASEH2A in LUAD. The mRNA RNASEH2A showed high expression in LUAD cells, and its knockdown inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in LUAD cells. RNASEH2A was found to be a target gene of microRNA miR‐3529‐5p after their expression levels and interaction being examined. Long noncoding RNA LINC01287 upregulated RNASEH2A expression in LUAD cells by combining with miR‐3529‐5p in a competitive way. Rescue assays revealed that the overexpression of RNASEH2A reversed the suppression of cell proliferation and the promotion of cell apoptosis induced by miR‐3529‐5p overexpression or LINC01287 knockdown. Finally, forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) interacted with RNASEH2A promoter and LINC01287 promoter to upregulate the expression levels of RNASEH2A and LINC01287 in LUAD cells. Overall, FOXA1‐induced LINC01287 serves as a competing endogenous RNA to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of LUAD cells via upregulation of RNASEH2A expression at the posttranscriptional level by competitively combining with miR‐3529‐5p.
Nanozymes as efficient tools for catalytic therapeutics
Authors: Liu Shengda , Xu Jiayun , Xing Yunpeng , Yan Tengfei , Yu Shuangjiang , Sun Hongcheng , Liu Junqiu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNanozymes are emerging nanomaterials with ideal enzymatic catalytic performance. The development of nanozymes has been shown clear potential to overcome the limitations of natural enzymes such as troublesome preparation, ease of denaturation, high price, and difficulty of recycling. Since the discovery of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity in 2007, the researches on nanozymes have been booming in the next decade. According to the unique nanoscale effect, nanozymes show prominent catalytic performance, which enables them to be applied in various fields of biomedical engineering. In this review, we mainly focus on the catalytic therapeutics of nanozymes in combating bacteria, cancer therapy, alleviating inflammation and neuroprotection.
Regge theory in a holographic dual of QCD in the Veneziano limit
Authors: Amorim Artur , Costa Miguel S. , Järvinen Matti 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We initiate the study of Regge theory in a bottom-up holographic model for QCD in the Veneziano limit, where the backreaction of the quarks to the gluon dynamics is included. We determine the parameters of the model by carrying out a precise fit to the meson spectrum in QCD. The spectrum for spin-one and pseudoscalar mesons is well reproduced. We then generalise the model to incluce higher spin fields in the bulk trajectories dual to the Pomeron and meson Regge trajectories at the boundary. With this setting, we fit the masses of the mesons with spins J = 2, 3, and 4, as well as the experimental data of the total cross-sections σ(γγ → X), σ(γp → X) and σ(pp → X). For the cross sections we obtain a $$ {\chi}_{\mathrm{d}.\mathrm{o}.\mathrm{f}}^2 $$

χ

d
.
o
.
f

2

of 0.74 for a total of 199 experimental points.
Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) after intravenous contrast agent administration obscures bone marrow edema-like signal on forefoot MRI
Authors: Fischer Tim , Baz Yassir El , Waelti Stephan , Wildermuth Simon , Leschka Sebastian , Güsewell Sabine , Dietrich Tobias Johannes 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
Short tau or short TI inversion recovery (STIR) MRI sequences are considered a robust fat suppression technique. However, STIR also suppresses signals from other tissues with similar T1 relaxation times. This study investigates the in vivo effect of intravenous gadolinium-based T1-shortening contrast agent on STIR signal.

Materials and methods
Institutional board approval and informed consent was obtained. MRI examinations (1.5-T or 3-T) of 31 prospectively included patients were analyzed by two readers. Signal intensity of degenerative bone marrow edema-like signal at the Lisfranc joint on precontrast STIR images and on STIR images acquired after intravenous contrast agent administration (gadoteric acid, gadolinium: 0.5 mmol/ml, 15 ml) was measured. The medial cuneiform bone without observable bone marrow edema-like signal was considered a healthy tissue and served as a reference. Relative changes in signal intensity between precontrast and postcontrast images were calculated for the two tissues. Wilcoxon signed-rank test served for statistical analyses.

Results
In bone marrow edema-like signal, both readers observed a median signal change of -35% (interquartile range (IQR) 24) and -34% (IQR 21), respectively, on postcontrast STIR images compared to precontrast STIR. In healthy tissue, the signal remained constant on postcontrast STIR images (median change -2%, IQR 15, and 0%, IQR 17) respectively. For both readers, postcontrast signal change in bone marrow edema-like signal differed from that in healthy tissue (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agent causes a significant reduction of signal intensity in bone marrow edema-like signal on routine STIR images. Thus, pathological MRI findings may be obscured.
Identification of KRAS G12V associated clonal neoantigens and immune microenvironment in long-term survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Chao , Shi Min , Zhang Lei , Ji Jun , Xie Ruyan , Wu Chao , Guo Xianchao , Yang Ying , Zhou Wei , Peng Chenhong , Zhang Henghui , Yuan Fei , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the molecular characteristics in tumor immune microenvironment that affect long-term survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD).

Methods
The tumor related genetic features of a female PAAD patient (over 13-year survival) who suffered from multiple recurrences and metastases, and six operations over one decade were investigated deeply. Genomic features and immune microenvironment signatures of her primary lesion as well as six metastatic tumors at different time-points were characterized.

Results
High-frequency clonal neoantigenic mutations identified in these specimens revealed the significant associations between clonal neoantigens with her prognosis after each surgery. Meanwhile, the TCGA and ICGC databases were employed to analyse the function of KRAS G12V in pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions
The genomic analysis of clonal neoantigens combined with tumor immune microenvironment could promote the understandings of personalized prognostic evaluation and the stratification of resected PAAD individuals with better outcome.
Damage detection using in-domain and cross-domain transfer learning
Authors: Bukhsh Zaharah A. , Jansen Nils , Saeed Aaqib 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe investigate the capabilities of transfer learning in the area of structural health monitoring. In particular, we are interested in damage detection for concrete structures. Typical image datasets for such problems are relatively small, calling for the transfer of learned representation from a related large-scale dataset. Past efforts of damage detection using images have mainly considered cross-domain transfer learning approaches using pre-trained ImageNet models that are subsequently fine-tuned for the target task. However, there are rising concerns about the generalizability of ImageNet representations for specific target domains, such as for visual inspection and medical imaging. We, therefore, evaluate a combination of in-domain and cross-domain transfer learning strategies for damage detection in bridges. We perform comprehensive comparisons to study the impact of cross-domain and in-domain transfer, with various initialization strategies, using six publicly available visual inspection datasets. The pre-trained models are also evaluated for their ability to cope with the extremely low-data regime. We show that the combination of cross-domain and in-domain transfer persistently shows superior performance specially with tiny datasets. Likewise, we also provide visual explanations of predictive models to enable algorithmic transparency and provide insights to experts about the intrinsic decision logic of typically black-box deep models.
Cognitive and non-cognitive variables influencing age-related effect of mind wandering across the adult life span
Authors: Borella Erika , Zavagnin Michela , Ronconi Lucia , De Beni Rossana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of aging on mind wandering (MW) using a sustained attention to response task (SART) with a low cognitive demand. All task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) and the subcategory of stimulus-independent thoughts (SITUTs) were examined across the adult life span. The relationship between MW, cognitive variables (attention, inhibition, working memory), and non-cognitive variables (mindfulness, psychological well-being, and anxiety) was investigated. The sample included 210 healthy participants from 20 to 89 years old. The overall results showed few or no age-related changes in both TUTs and SITUTs. Path analyses revealed that the effect of age on both TUTs and SITUTs was only indirect and mediated by attentional resources, as well as by some aspects of psychological well-being (i.e., emotional competence), which had a direct effect, however. These findings raise doubts about any age-related differences between young and older adults’ MW. Changes in MW across the adult life span are thus discussed along with the method and tasks used to assess it and different variables affecting it.
Solvent-Driven Selectivity on the One-Step Catalytic Synthesis of Manoyl Oxide Based on a Novel and Sustainable “Zeolite Catalyst–Solvent” System
Authors: Makarouni Dimitra , Kordulis Christos , Dourtoglou Vassilis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApplication of a novel “zeolite catalyst–solvent” system for the sustainable one-step synthesis of the terpenoid manoyl oxide, the potential precursor of forskolin and ambrox. Manoyl oxide high-yield and large-scale production over a zeolite catalyst has been infeasible so far, while this system results in 90% yields at 135 °C and atmospheric pressure. Substrate-controlled methodology is used to achieve selectivity. Solvent-driven catalysis is shown, as the activation energy barrier decreases in the presence of appropriate solvents, being 62.7 and 93.46 kJmol−1 for a glyme-type solvent and dodecane, respectively. Finally, catalyst acidity is key parameter for the process.
Graphic Abstract
Socio-Economic Differences in the Prevalence of Single Motherhood in North America and Europe
Authors: Koops Judith C. , Liefbroer Aart C. , Gauthier Anne H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study focuses on understanding the association between parental socio-economic status (SES) and the likelihood of women experiencing a first birth while single, and identifying societal factors that influence this association in 18 North American and European societies. Previous research has shown that single motherhood occurs disproportionately among those from with lower a lower parental SES. The study assesses whether this is caused by parental SES differences in the risk of single women experiencing a first conception leading to a live birth or by parental SES differences in how likely women are to enter a union during pregnancy. Additionally, an assessment is made of whether cross-national differences in these associations can be explained by a country’s access to family planning, norms regarding family formation, and economic inequality. Across countries, a negative gradient of parental SES was found on the likelihood of single women to experience a first pregnancy. The negative gradient was stronger in countries with better access to family planning. In some countries, the negative gradient of parental SES was aggravated during pregnancy because women from lower parental SES were less likely to enter a union. This was mostly found in societies with less conservative norms regarding marriage. The results suggest that certain developments in Western societies may increase socio-economic differentials in family demography.
Inheritance of seed quality and seed germination in two doubled haploid populations of oilseed rape segregating for acid detergent lignin (ADL) content
Authors: Widiarsih Sasanti , Nagel Manuela , Börner Andreas , Feussner Kirstin , Feussner Ivo , Möllers Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe high lignin content of the seed hull of oilseed rape leads to its black seed color compared to yellow seeded soybean. Reducing lignin and increasing oil and protein content is an important breeding aim in oilseed rape. The objective of the present study was to analyze the inheritance of two rapeseed genetic resources with reduced lignin content in the seeds and to elucidate the effects on seed germination and composition. These resources were crossed to black seeded Express 617 and F1 plants were used to develop two doubled haploid (DH) populations. The two DH populations were tested in field experiments in three to five environments. Significant genetic variation for lignin content and bimodal frequency distributions were found in both populations. SNP marker segregation in contrasting bulks revealed for both populations overlapping narrow genomic regions on chromosome C03, responsible for reduced lignin content. The low lignin bulks had a significantly higher percentage of seeds showing bacterial and fungal growth, but germination and vigor was not affected. Non-targeted metabolome analysis of immature green seeds showed exclusively a depletion of metabolites of the proanthocyanidin pathway in DH lines with a reduced lignin content. In these DH lines, a cinnamate-4-hydroxylase gene copy was identified as candidate gene in the overlapping genomic region of both populations. The newly identified QTL for reduced lignin content on chromosome C03 is valuable for studying additive and epistatic effects in combination with other low lignin genotypes.
Serverless Workflows for Containerised Applications in the Cloud Continuum
Authors: Risco Sebastián , Moltó Germán , Naranjo Diana M. , Blanquer Ignacio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces an open-source platform to support serverless computing for scientific data-processing workflow-based applications across the Cloud continuum (i.e. simultaneously involving both on-premises and public Cloud platforms to process data captured at the edge). This is achieved via dynamic resource provisioning for FaaS platforms compatible with scale-to-zero approaches that minimise resource usage and cost for dynamic workloads with different elasticity requirements. The platform combines the usage of dynamically deployed auto-scaled Kubernetes clusters on on-premises Clouds and automated Cloud bursting into AWS Lambda to achieve higher levels of elasticity. A use case in public health for smart cities is used to assess the platform, in charge of detecting people not wearing face masks from captured videos. Faces are blurred for enhanced anonymity in the on-premises Cloud and detection via Deep Learning models is performed in AWS Lambda for this data-driven containerised workflow. The results indicate that hybrid workflows across the Cloud continuum can efficiently perform local data processing for enhanced regulations compliance and perform Cloud bursting for increased levels of elasticity.
Emotional skills for entrepreneurial success: the promise of entrepreneurship education and policy
Authors: Aly Maha , Audretsch David B. , Grimm Heike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEntrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship policies have a common goal—to spur entrepreneurial activity and its impact on individuals, organizations, regions and countries. Despite the efforts of education and policy in equipping entrepreneurs with the skills, resources and competencies they need to thrive, rich and poignant research in the entrepreneurship literature highlights the daunting emotional challenges confronting entrepreneurs as they traverse the entrepreneurial journey. However, the insights, findings and conclusions from this literature have yet to find their way into providing entrepreneurs with the requisite emotional skills and tools needed to harness the opportunities afforded from entrepreneurship rather than succumb as a victim. This paper analyzes the potential for translational research to develop educational and policy approaches, along with clinical tools, methods and strategies to provide entrepreneurs with the skills and competencies for resilience in an entrepreneurial journey fraught with emotional landmines and challenges.
Gappy, glutty, glappy
Authors: Calosi Claudio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccording to theDeterminable Based Account(DBA) of metaphysical indeterminacy (MI), there is MI when there is anindeterminatestate of affairs, roughly a state of affairs in which a constituent objectxhas a determinable property but fails to have auniquedeterminate of that determinable. There are different ways in whichxmight have a determinable but no unique determinate:xhasno determinate—gappyMI, orxhasmore than onedeterminate—gluttyMI. Talk of determinables and determinates is usually constructed asrelative to levels of determination. In this paper I first (1) provide a formal construction for determinables and determinates that pays crucial attention to intermediate levels of determination, and then (2) explore the consequences for the DBA of introducing such intermediate levels. In particular, I argue that intermediate levels of determination highlight crucial differences between gappy and glutty cases of MI, and allow one to introduce a third way of indeterminacy, glappy MI.
Corona und die gefesselte Globalisierung
Authors: Menzel Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff der Globalisierung meint keine aktuelle Periode der Weltgeschichte, sondern einen Prozess, der wellenförmig verläuft und von tiefen Einbrüchen unterbrochen wird. Die Aufschwungphasen sind durch ein exponentielles Wachstum gekennzeichnet, bis Kipppunkte erreicht werden. Parallel dazu verläuft ein Prozess der Fragmentierung, der einzelne Länder, Großregionen oder Teile einer Gesellschaft betrifft, weil es immer Gewinner und Verlierer der Globalisierung gibt. Anhand historischer Beispiele werden beide Prozesse im Weltmaßstab skizziert. Sie sind nicht die bloße Folge des technischen Wandels bei Transport und Kommunikation, sondern bedürfen der flankierenden Institutionen aus Internationalen Öffentlichen Gütern wie Sicherheit, Stabilität und Konnektivität. Bereit gestellt werden sie von großen Mächten, weil nur diese über die Ressourcen verfügen und vor dem Freiwilligendilemma stehen. Ferner bedarf es einer großen Erzählung der Globalisierung, die konkurrierende Lehrmeinungen marginalisiert. Globalisierung gerät in die Krise, wenn die treibenden Transaktionen Kipppunkte erreichen oder die großen Mächte sich im Niedergang befinden und nicht mehr bereit bzw. in der Lage sind, für die Internationalen Öffentlichen Güter aufzukommen. Dann beginnt der globalisierungskritische Diskurs, der hegemonial wird, wenn immer neue Krisen den Globalisierungsdiskurs delegitimieren. Konsequenz ist die Spaltung der Gesellschaft in Kosmopoliten und Populisten. Derzeit stehen die wichtigsten Akteure vor dem hegemonialen Dilemma (USA) bzw. dem Freerider-Dilemma (China) und reagieren neoisolationistisch. Damit stehen die Internationalen Öffentlichen Güter zur Disposition, die Globalisierung gerät in die Krise. Die Corona-Pandemie hat diese Entwicklung katalysiert.