bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative life cycle assessment of stretchable and rigid electronics: a case study of cardiac monitoring devices
Authors: Kokare S. , Asif F. M. A. , Mårtensson G. , Shoaib-ul-Hasan S. , Rashid A. , Roci M. , Salehi N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStretchable electronics is a new innovation and becoming popular in various fields, especially in the healthcare sector. Since stretchable electronics use less printed circuit boards (PCBs), it is expected that the environmental performance of a stretchable electronics-based device is better than a rigid electronics-based device that provides the same functionalities. Yet, such a study is rarely available. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to perform a comparative life cycle analysis of stretchable and rigid electronics-based devices. This research combines both the case study approach and the research review approach. For the case study, a cardiac monitoring device with both stretchable and rigid electronics is used. The ISO 14044:2006 standard's prescribed LCA approach and ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (Hierarchist) are followed for the impact assessment using the SimaPro 9.1 software. The LCA results show that the stretchable cardiac monitoring device has better environmental performance in all eighteen impact categories. This research also shows that the manufacturing process of stretchable electronics has lower environmental impacts than those for rigid electronics. The main reasons for the improved environmental performance of stretchable electronics are lower consumption of raw material as well as decreased energy consumption during manufacturing. Based on the LCA results of a cardiac monitoring device, the study concludes that stretchable electronics and their manufacturing process have better environmental performance in comparison with the rigid electronics and their manufacturing process.
Building a&nbsp;doctor, one skill at a&nbsp;time: Rethinking clinical training through a&nbsp;new skills-based feedback modality
Authors: Kappy Brandon , Herrmann Lisa E. , Schumacher Daniel J. , Statile Angela M. 
Published: May 2021

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones and entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are important assessment approaches but may lack specificity for learners seeking improvement through daily feedback. As in other professions, clinicians grow best when they engage in deliberate practice of well-defined skills in familiar contexts. This growth is augmented by specific, actionable coaching from supervisors. This article proposes a new feedback modality called microskills, which are derived from the psychology, negotiation, and business literature, and are unique in their ability to elicit targeted feedback for trainee development. These microskills are grounded in both clinical and situational contexts, thereby mirroring learners’ cognitive schemas and allowing for more natural skill selection and adoption. When taken as a whole, microskills are granular actions that map to larger milestones, competencies, and EPAs. This article outlines the theoretical justification for this new skills-based feedback modality, the methodology behind the creation of clinical microskills, and provides a worked example of microskills for a pediatric resident on a hospital medicine rotation. Ultimately, microskills have the potential to complement milestones and EPAs and inform feedback that is specific, actionable, and relevant to medical learners.
The Impact of Educational Resources and Perceived Preparedness on Medical Education Performance
Authors: Bauzon Justin , Alver Amalie , Ravikumar Vishvaas , Devera Adrian , Mikhael Tatiana , Nauman Rafae , Simanton Edward 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Undergraduate medical education has evolved necessarily with the increasing utilization of technology and the availability of ancillary resources developed for medical students. However, medical educational resources are expensive and there have been few studies validating these resources for their ability to significantly modify student exam performance.

Methods
A post-exam survey was devised to evaluate medical students for resource usage, student-perceived preparedness, and exam performance.

Results
Students who felt more prepared for exams performed better than students who felt less prepared (p = .017). Students who watched didactic lectures online and those who utilized peer-to-peer tutoring outperformed students who did not use these resources (p = .035, p = .008). Analyses of the data show that none of the purchased resources utilized significantly improved student exam performance. The majority of students used between six and eight resources for exam preparation. There may be a slightly negative association with the quantity of resources used and exam scores (p = .18).

Discussion
Contrary to traditional confidence studies that correlate overconfidence with underperformance, medical students who reported feeling more prepared for exams performed better than students who felt less prepared.

Conclusion
Medical students may have a more complete grasp of their knowledge base and deficits, which may enable a more accurate match between exam expectations and academic performance. This post-exam survey method can be customized and applied to evaluate resource utility as it pertains to specific undergraduate medical education curricula at individual institutions.
Implications of the Estrogen Receptor Coactivators SRC1 and SRC2 in the Biological Basis of Gender Incongruence
Authors: Ramírez Karla del Valle , Fernández Rosa , Delgado-Zayas Enrique , Gómez-Gil Esther , Esteva Isabel , Guillamon Antonio , Pásaro Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Brain sexual differentiation results from the effects of sex steroids on the developing brain. The presumptive route for brain masculinization is the direct induction of gene expression via activation of the estrogen receptors α and β and the androgen receptor through their binding to ligands and to coactivators, regulating the transcription of multiple genes in a cascade effect.

Aim
To analyze the implication of the estrogen receptor coactivators SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3 in the genetic basis of gender incongruence.

Main Outcome Measures
Analysis of 157 polymorphisms located at the estrogen receptor coactivators SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3, in 94 transgender versus 94 cisgender individuals.

Method
Using SNPStats software, the allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed by χ2, the strength of the association was measured by binary logistic regression, estimating the odds ratio for each genotype. Measurements of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies were also performed.

Results
We found significant differences at level P &lt; .05 in 8 polymorphisms that correspond to 5.09% of the total. Three were located in SRC-1 and 5 in SRC-2. The odds ratio analysis showed significant differences at level P &lt; .05 for multiple patterns of inheritance. The polymorphisms analyzed were in linkage disequilibrium. The SRC-1 haplotypes CGA and CGG (global haplotype association P &lt; .009) and the SRC-2 haplotypes GGTAA and GGTAG (global haplotype association P &lt; .005) were overrepresented in the transgender population.

Conclusion
The coactivators SRC-1 and SRC-2 could be considered as candidates for increasing the list of potential genes for gender incongruence.
How to prepare for the onslaught of phishing email attacks
Authors: Burke Stephen 
Published: May 2021

Phishing email attacks are one of the biggest cyber security threats of our time, increasing exponentially year on year. Alarmingly we've seen attacks from phishing emails go up by nearly 700% compared to last year. 1 Cyber criminals are taking advantage of the huge potential for human error within any business, where one accidental click on a phishing email can allow access into entire corporate networks, a costly mistake to make. Cyber criminals are taking advantage of the potential for human error, where one click on a phishing email can allow access into corporate networks. Every business must have processes in place to cope with a potential phishing attack. Stephen Burke of Cyber Risk Aware looks at four key steps organisations can take to protect themselves. By ensuring that the correct infrastructure and technology is in place, combined with effective cyber security awareness training, businesses will be prepared to protect their networks.
Implementation of core elements of antibiotic stewardship in nursing homes—National Healthcare Safety Network, 2016–2018
Authors: Gouin Katryna A. , Kabbani Sarah , Anttila Angela , Mak Josephine , Mungai Elisabeth , McCray Ti Tanissha , Bell Jeneita , Hicks Lauri A. , Stone Nimalie D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the national uptake of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) core elements of antibiotic stewardship in nursing homes from 2016 to 2018 and the effect of infection prevention and control (IPC) hours on the implementation of the core elements.Design:Retrospective, repeated cross-sectional analysis.Setting:US nursing homes.Methods:We used the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Long-Term Care Facility Component annual surveys from 2016 to 2018 to assess nursing home characteristics and percent implementation of the core elements. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate the association between weekly IPC hours and the implementation of all 7 core elements while controlling for confounding by facility characteristics.Results:We included 7,506 surveys from 2016 to 2018. In 2018, 71% of nursing homes reported implementation of all 7 core elements, a 28% increase from 2016. The greatest increases in implementation from 2016 to 2018 were in education (19%), reporting (18%), and drug expertise (15%). In 2018, 71% of nursing homes reported pharmacist involvement in improving antibiotic use, an increase of 27% since 2016. Nursing homes that reported at least 20 hours of IPC activity per week were 14% (95% confidence interval, 7%–20%) more likely to implement all 7 core elements when controlling for facility ownership and affiliation.Conclusions:Nursing homes reported substantial progress in antibiotic stewardship implementation from 2016 to 2018. Improvements in access to drug expertise, education, and reporting antibiotic use may reflect increased stewardship awareness and resource use among nursing home providers under new regulatory requirements. Nursing home stewardship programs may benefit from increased IPC staff hours.
The late Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) ammonoidAmaltheusin Japan: systematics and biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic significance
Authors: Nakada Kentaro , Goto Michiharu , Meister Christian , Matsuoka Atsushi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe genusAmaltheus, one of the representative late Pliensbachian ammonoids, has biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic significance in Japan. Four species,Amaltheus stokesi(Sowerby, 1818),A. margaritatusde Montfort, 1808,A. repressusDagis, 1976, andA. orientalisnew species, have been found in the Kuruma Group in central Japan;A. stokesiandA. margaritatusare also from the Toyora Group in southwest Japan. On the basis of taxonomic analysis of the genusAmaltheus, we distinguish two successive ammonoid biozones in the lower part of the Teradani Formation of the Kuruma Group: theAmaltheus stokesi–Amaltheus repressusand theAmaltheus margaritatusassemblage zones, in stratigraphic ascending order. This study also establishes the presence of theAmaltheus stokesiAssemblage Zone in the Higashinagano Formation of the Toyora Group. Thestokesi–repressusand thestokesiassemblage zones correspond biostratigraphically to theAmaltheus stokesiStandard Subzone of themargaritatusZone. ThemargaritatusAssemblage Zone is correlated with theAmaltheus subnodosusandAmaltheus gibbosusstandard subzones. The Japanese early–middle late Pliensbachian ammonoid faunas are composed almost entirely of pan-Boreal and Arctic species of the genusAmaltheus. This faunal composition has an affinity with that of the Northeast Russian region, and thus suggests a strong paleobiogeographic relationship between East Asian and Northeast Russian faunas throughout this time interval.UUID:http://zoobank.org/5F08121F-1DAF-4B24-BCBE-B08F7101CF29
Usnea dasopoga(Ach.) Nyl. andU. barbata(L.) F. H. Wigg. (Ascomycetes,Parmeliaceae) are two different species: a plea for reliable identifications in molecular studies
Authors: Clerc Philippe , Naciri Yamama 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing molecular data to delimit species or reconstruct their evolutionary history is now widely used across all organisms. However, such analyses can suffer from poor or false specimen identifications leading to incorrect conclusions. Here we show that the use of misidentified specimens in a phylogenetic framework resulted in questionable conclusions in a previously published study (Market al.2016). Using morphological, chemical and statistical analyses on the specimens used in that study, we found support forUsnea barbataandU. dasopogabeing morphologically and anatomically distinct species with separate clusters in the molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, our revision of specimen identifications refutes the synonymization ofU. substeriliswithU. lapponica.In conclusion, we discuss the issue of correct identification of voucher specimens in DNA databases and conclude with some general suggestions to avoid false specimen identifications in phylogenetic studies.
Socio-economic functioning in patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings – results from a nation-wide population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Sletved Kimie Stefanie Ormstrup , Ziersen Simon Christoffer , Andersen Per Kragh , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have reported real-life data on socio-economic functioning in patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives.MethodsWe used Danish nation-wide population-based longitudinal register linkage to investigate socio-economic functioning in 19 955 patients with bipolar disorder, their 13 923 siblings and 20 sex, age and calendar-matched control individuals from the general population. Follow-up was from 1995 to 2017.ResultsPatients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder had lower odds of having achieved the highest educational level [OR 0.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–0.77)], being employed [OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.159–0.168)], having achieved the 80% highest quartile of income [OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.32–0.35)], cohabitating [OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.43–0.46)] and being married [OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.52–0.55)] at first contact to hospital psychiatry as inpatient or outpatient compared with control individuals from the general population. Similarly, siblings to patients with bipolar disorder had a lower functioning within all five socio-economic areas than control individuals. Furthermore, patients and partly siblings showed substantially decreased ability to enhance their socio-economic functioning during the 23 years follow-up compared to controls.ConclusionsSocio-economic functioning is substantially decreased in patients with bipolar disorder and their siblings and does not improve during long-term follow-up after the initial hospital contact, highlighting a severe and overlooked treatment gap.
Orr and Kant: An analysis of the intellectual encounter behind ‘The Christian worldview’
Authors: Sanchez Michelle C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractToday, Christianity is often described as a ‘worldview’, especially among Reformed evangelicals in the USA. In this article I return to the 1890 lectures where Scottish theologian James Orr adapted the concept ofWeltanschauungfor Christian purposes. Although it was coined by Immanuel Kant in 1790, and primarily used in subsequent decades to theorise cultural difference and evaluate aesthetic expression, Orr nevertheless claims that the idea of a worldview is ‘as old as the dawn of reflection’ and thus appropriate to articulating Christianity. I examine Orr's engagement with the Kantian and emerging historicist context, paying particular attention to his epistemological and aesthetic citations and showing how Orr both adopts and departs from the characteristic features of the Kantian subject. I conclude by assessing the philosophical and theological costs of this project that, among other things, positions Christianity for perpetual culture war within secular societies similarly shaped by the post-Kantian subject.
‘Synergy’, ‘energy’ and ‘symbol’ in Pavel Florensky and Palamism
Authors: Biryukov Dmitry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article is a study of Pavel Florensky's philosophy of symbol in the context of his discovery of Palamism in the 1910s, when Florensky started to speak of symbol using Palamite language. It proposes a fundamental difference between Florensky's and Palamas’ teachings on symbol: Palamas views a natural symbol as the energy of an essence, while for Florensky symbol is the essence itself, the energy of which synergises with the energies of other essence. In this context the prehistory of the concept of synergy in Florensky is studied, leading to the identification of a further difference in the ontologies of Florensky and Palamas: while Florensky's ‘essence-energy’ has the property of necessary correlation with the ‘other’, following the tendencies of the philosophy of that epoch, in Palamas ‘energy’ does not presuppose any necessary correlation with the ‘other’. The author connects this difference in ontologies between the two thinkers with their respective teachings on symbol.
Spastin interacts with CRMP5 to promote spindle organization in mouse oocytes by severing microtubules
Authors: Jin Zhen , Shou Hua-Feng , Liu Jin-Wei , Jiang Shan-Shan , Shen Yan , Cheng Wei-Ye , Gao Lei-Lei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrotubule-severing protein (MTSP) is critical for the survival of both mitotic and postmitotic cells. However, the study of MTSP during meiosis of mammalian oocytes has not been reported. We found that spastin, a member of the MTSP family, was highly expressed in oocytes and aggregated in spindle microtubules. After knocking down spastin by specific siRNA, the spindle microtubule density of meiotic oocytes decreased significantly. When the oocytes were culturedin vitro, the oocytes lacking spastin showed an obvious maturation disorder. Considering the microtubule-severing activity of spastin, we speculate that spastin on spindles may increase the number of microtubule broken ends by severing the microtubules, therefore playing a nucleating role, promoting spindle assembly and ensuring normal meiosis. In addition, we found the colocalization and interaction of collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) and spastin in oocytes. CRMP5 can provide structural support and promote microtubule aggregation, creating transportation routes, and can interact with spastin in the microtubule activity of nerve cells (30). Knocking down CRMP5 may lead to spindle abnormalities and developmental disorders in oocytes. Overexpression of spastin may reverse the abnormal phenotype caused by the deletion of CRMP5. In summary, our data support a model in which the interaction between spastin and CRMP5 promotes the assembly of spindle microtubules in oocytes by controlling microtubule dynamics, therefore ensuring normal meiosis.
Determinants of minimum acceptable diet feeding among children aged 6–23 months in Odisha, India
Authors: Acharya Arabinda , Pradhan Manas Ranjan , Das Anup Kumar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the level, pattern and determinants of minimum acceptable diet (MAD) feeding in Odisha, India.Design:Utilising cross-sectional data, the MAD was estimated through a dietary assessment method wherein the child’s mother was asked to recall all the food intake of the youngest child the previous day and night of the surveyed date.Setting:National Family Health Survey 2015–2016.Participants:Children aged 6–23 months, living with mother and for whom complete information on MAD was available (n 3073).Results:Only 8·4 % of the children aged 6–23 months were fed MAD, and the MAD feeding varies considerably by socio-demographic characteristics. Children aged 12–17 months had two times (OR: 2·51, 95 % CI (1·48, 4·26)) and those aged 18–23 months had three times (OR: 3·77, 95 % CI (2·25, 6·30)) higher odds of having a MAD than their counterparts aged 6–8 months. Children whose mother was exposed to any mass media had a higher chance of MAD feeding (OR: 1·46, 95 % CI (1·01, 2·11)).Conclusions:The children of higher age, second or higher-order births, with mother exposed to mass media are significantly more likely to be fed with a MAD. At the same time, children from scheduled caste (SC) households have a lower probability of MAD feeding. The lower MAD feeding among the SC households suggests strengthening the ongoing programmes with a higher emphasis on the inclusion of this disadvantaged and marginalised group. Findings from the current study would assist policymakers, and public health managers improve MAD feeding practices in Odisha, India, in a targeted manner.
Views and experiences of family physicians about Syrian refugee patients in Turkey: a qualitative research
Authors: Ayhan Baser Duygu , Mıhcı Özge , Direk Meltem Tugce , Cankurtaran Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to describe the attitudes, views and solution proposals of family physicians (FPs) about primary healthcare problems of Syrian refugee patients. This study would be the very first study for Turkey that evaluates the attitudes, views and solution proposals of FPs about primary healthcare problems of Syrian refugee patients.

Background:
Following the anti-regime demonstrations that started in March 2011, the developments in Syria created one of the biggest humanitarian crises in the world and the largest number of asylum seekers continue to be hosted in Turkey. There are some studies evaluating asylum seekers’ access to healthcare services in Europe, and the common result is that refugees have free access to primary healthcare services in most countries; however, they face many obstacles when accessing primary healthcare services. While there are studies in the literature evaluating the situation of access to primary healthcare services from the perspective of asylum seekers; there are few studies evaluating the opinions/views of FPs.

Methods:
A qualitative methodology informed by the grounded theory was used to guide the research. A total of 20 FPs were interviewed face to face through semi-structured interviews, using 12 questions about their lived experience and views caring of refugee population. Interviews were analysed thematically.

Finding:
The following themes were revealed: Benefiting from Primary Health Care Services, Benefiting from Rights, Differences Between the Approach/Attitudes of Turkish Citizens and Refugees, Barriers to Healthcare Delivery, Training Needs of Physicians, Solution proposals. FPs reported that there is a need for support in primary care and a need for training them and refugees in this regard and they specified refugee healthcare centres are the best healthcare centres for refugees; however, the number of these and provided services should be increased.