bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing mortality patterns in salmon farming using daily cage registrations
Authors: Persson David , Nødtvedt Ane , Aunsmo Arnfinn , Stormoen Marit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study describes the patterns of mortality and investigates the sources of variation in mortality during the marine phase of commercial salmon farming. The study included daily mortality records from stocking to harvest of 21 million salmon from ten hatcheries in 136 fish‐groups (fish in the same cage from the same hatchery). The fish was stocked in 2017–2018 at 21 marine farms within two Norwegian companies. The sources of variation in mortality were investigated using multilevel linear regression models with ‘fish‐group’ nested within ‘farm’ as a random effect, cross‐classified with ‘hatchery’. In the final model, ‘fish‐group’ was the source of most variation (70%). Furthermore, the mortality categories ‘smolt‐related mortality’, ‘infectious diseases’ and ‘handling and treatment’ were responsible for 10%, 17% and 29% of the total number of dead fish respectively. Overall, the study shows that smolt‐related mortality is one of the major causes of death in the first part of the production, while handling and treatment was the dominating cause of mortality in total. Mortality varied by fish‐group to a large extent. This means that targeted preventive strategies to decrease mortality for individual fish‐groups might be more effective than overall measures at farm or hatchery level.
Tibolone restrains neuroinflammation in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Mancino Dalila N. J. , Lima Analia , Roig Paulina , García Segura Luis M. , De Nicola Alejandro F. , Garay Laura I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune‐mediated and degenerating disease in which myelin sheaths are damaged as a result of chronic progressive inflammation of the central nervous system. Tibolone [(7α,17α)‐17‐hydroxy‐7‐methyl‐19‐norpregn‐5(10)‐en‐20‐in‐3‐one], a synthetic estrogenic compound with tissue‐specific actions and used for menopausal hormone therapy, shows neuroprotective and antioxidant properties both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we analyzed whether tibolone plays a therapeutic role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, a commonly used model of MS. Female C57BL/6 mice were induced with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG35–55 and received s.c. tibolone (0.08 mg kg–1) injection every other day from the day of induction until death on the acute phase of the disease. Reactive gliosis, Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), inflammasome parameters, activated Akt levels and myelin were assessed by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. Our findings indicated that, in the EAE spinal cord, tibolone reversed the astrocytic and microglial reaction, and reduced the hyperexpression of TLR4 and HMGB1, as well as NLR family pyrin domain containing 3‐caspase 1‐interleukin‐1β inflammasome activation. At the same time, tibolone attenuated the Akt/nuclear factor kappa B pathway and limited the white matter demyelination area. Estrogen receptor expression was unaltered with tibolone treatment. Clinically, tibolone improved neurological symptoms without uterine compromise. Overall, our data suggest that tibolone may serve as a promising agent for the attenuation of MS‐related inflammation.
New diagnosis of diabetes and severe hyperlipidemia at 3 months postpartum presenting as florid diabetic retinopathy and eruptive xanthomas
Authors: Zhen Xi May , Lee Kuo Luong , Sullivan David , Acharya Shamasunder 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 33‐year‐old woman presented to the Emergency Department at 3 months postpartum with a 2‐day history of a partial left sixth cranial nerve palsy, and several weeks' history of bilateral blurred vision and papular skin lesions. Brain imaging and ultrasound of the carotid and vertebral arteries were all normal. Investigations revealed severe hyperlipidemia and a venous blood glucose level of 19.6 mmol/L despite a negative result on a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at 32 weeks of pregnancy. Fundus photography demonstrated bilateral severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy with lipemia retinalis. The skin lesions were consistent with xanthomas on biopsy. The partial left sixth cranial nerve palsy and the bilateral rapidly progressive diabetic retinopathy were likely secondary to peripheral ischemia from serum hyperviscosity and displacement due to severe hyperlipidemia. The rapid progression of symptoms was likely triggered by a postpartum diet high in saturated fats in the context of presumed genetic predisposition.
Diversity and functions of microbes in surface sediments under heavy metal pollution of western Chaohu Lake
Authors: Shen Z. , Wang F. , Liang Y. , Li Y. , Liu Q. , Liu F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a global concern. Targeting at the surface sediments in western Chaohu Lake and using metagenome sequencing, we probed into the mechanism of how microbes adapted to heavy metal-polluted sediments under natural conditions. It was found the heavy metal pollution intensity of the three typical sampling places ranked as estuary of Nanfeihe River (NFH) &gt; Zhongmiao Town (HZ) &gt; Hongshizui (HSZ). Totally 129 phyla, 2631 genera and 12 989 species were detected in the sediment samples, and HSZ, HZ and NFH had 35, 51 and 67 exclusive genera, respectively. The bacterial biomass and virus quantity from NFH accounted for 22·84 and 70·69% of total quantities, respectively, and the microbial community compositions in NFH were also different from those in HSZ and HZ. Metagenomics sequencing and functional gene annotation showed NFH contained many functional genes related to nucleic acid transport and metabolism, ribosome structures and biological origin, replication recombining and repair and inorganic ion transport and metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested the sediments from NFH were rich in enzymes correlated with heavy metal transport and reduction. Our findings offer some scientific basis for Chaohu Lake control and microbe resource utilization.
Shock experiments on basalt—Ferric sulfate mixes and their possible relevance to the sulfide bleb clusters in large impact melts in shergottites
Authors: Rao M. N. , Nyquist L. E. , Asimow P. D. , Ross D. K. , Sutton S. R. , See T. H. , Shih C. Y. , Garrison D. H. , Wentworth S. J. , Park J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLarge impact‐melt pockets in shergottites contain both Martian regolith components and sulfide/sulfite bleb clusters that yield high sulfur concentrations locally compared to bulk shergottites. The regolith may be the source of excess sulfur in the shergottite melt pockets. To explore whether shock and release of secondary Fe‐sulfates trapped in host rock voids is a plausible mechanism to generate the shergottite sulfur bleb clusters, we carried out shock recovery experiments on an analog mixture of ferric sulfate and Columbia River basalt at peak pressures of 21 and 31 GPa. The recovered products from the 31 GPa experiment show mixtures of Fe‐sulfide and Fe‐sulfite blebs similar to the sulfur‐rich bleb clusters found in shergottite impact melts. The 21 GPa experiment did not yield such blebs. The collapse of porosity and local high‐strain shear heating in the 31 GPa experiment presumably created high‐temperature hotspots (~2000 °C) sufficient to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ and to decompose sulfate to sulfite, followed by concomitant reduction to sulfide during pressure release. Our results suggest that similar processes might have transpired during shock production of sulfur‐rich bleb clusters in shergottite impact melts. It is possible that very small CO presence in our experiments could have catalyzed the reduction process. We plan to repeat the experiments without CO.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Paterno Giovangiacinto , Guarnera Luca , Palmieri Raffaele , Del Prete Valentina , Bonanni Fabrizio , Buzzatti Elisa , Moretti Federico , Casciani Paola , Savi Arianna , Di Cave David , Maurillo Luca , Buccisano Francesco , Venditti Adriano , Del Principe Maria Ilaria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV infection, undergoing cancer chemotherapy or organ transplant, have led to the development of guidelines on the use of prophylaxis to prevent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), in these specific conditions. Instead, since the association between PJP and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is not clearly defined, the role of prophylaxis in patients with AML is not yet established.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 251 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed non‐M3‐AML, admitted at the Hematology Unit of University Tor Vergata in Rome, during the period 2010–2020. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of PJP among AML patients during their first hospital admission, and to identify subjects at a high risk to develop PJP.ResultsAmong 251 consecutive patients with non‐M3‐AML, 67 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed. PJP was proven in 11/67 (16.7%) subjects undergoing BAL (11 males, median age 71 years), with an incidence of 4.3%. The most common reason for BAL execution were radiological findings such as ground‐glass opacities (6/11, 55%) and atypical patterns like consolidations and nodules (5/11, 45%). One patient died because of PJP after 11 days of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy. In multivariate analysis older age and smoking habit were independent factors significantly associated with PJP (p = .021 and 0.017 respectively).ConclusionWe conclude that PJP infection is not uncommon among patients with AML. If intensive chemotherapy is planned, physicians should be aware of this risk and prophylaxis should be considered, particularly in older patients.
Affective dimensions of pandemic life: The mediatised cultivation of outrage
Authors: Conradson David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe mediatised circulation of narratives that invite or induce strong emotional responses has been a key dimension of the COVID‐19 pandemic. These circulations have shaped the affective dimensions of pandemic life—including collective feelings of fear, anger, relief and happiness—while also contributing to polarised debates regarding lockdowns and vaccinations. In this context, this commentary examines the emergence of public outrage in Aotearoa New Zealand over two women alleged to have broken a lockdown travel restriction. It describes an escalation of judgement and anger, and considers whether the mediatised cultivation of such feelings might displace or undermine empathy and civility.
S‐ICD screening revisited: do passing vectors sometimes fail?
Authors: Wiles Benedict M. , Morgan John M. , Allavatam Venugopal , ElRefai Mohamed , Roberts Paul R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionPre‐implant ECG screening is performed to ensure that S‐ICD recipients have at least one suitable sensing vector, yet cardiac over‐sensing remains the commonest cause of inappropriate shock therapy in the S‐ICD population. One explanation would be the presence of dynamic variations in ECG morphology that result in variations in vector eligibility.MethodsAdult ICD patients had a 24‐h ambulatory ECG performed using a digital Holter positioned to record all three S‐ICD vectors. Using an S‐ICD simulator, automated screening was then performed at one‐minute intervals. In vectors with a mean vector score > 100 (the accepted value for a passing vector when screened on a single occasion), the percentage of all screening assessments that passed, eligible vector time (EVT), was calculated. EVT was compared statistically to QRS duration, corrected time to peak T (pTc) and mean vector score.ResultsAmbulatory monitoring was performed in 14 patients (mean age 63.7 ± 5.2 years, 71.4% male) with 42 vectors analysed. In 19 vectors the mean vector score was > 100. Within this “passing” cohort EVT varied between 42.7% and 100%. In 7/19 (37%) the EVT was <75%. A negative correlation was found between QRS duration and EVT (Pearson correlation ‐.60, p = .007). No correlation was found between EVT and mean vector score or pTc.ConclusionVector eligibility is dynamic. When “passing” vectors are subjected to repeated screening, 37% are found to be ineligible, more than a quarter of the time. Further investigation is required to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
Anesthetic considerations in children with asthma
Authors: Regli Adrian , Sommerfield Aine , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryDue to the high prevalence of asthma and general airway reactivity, anesthesiologists frequently encounter children with asthma or asthma‐like symptoms. This review focuses on the epidemiology, the underlying pathophysiology, and perioperative management of children with airway reactivity, including controlled and uncontrolled asthma. It spans from preoperative optimization to optimized intraoperative management, airway management, and ventilation strategies. There are three leading causes for bronchospasm (1) mechanical (eg, airway manipulation), (2) non‐immunological anaphylaxis (anaphylactoid reaction), and (3) immunological anaphylaxis. Children with increased airway reactivity may benefit from a premedication with beta‐2 agonists, non‐invasive airway management, and deep removal of airway devices. While desflurane should be avoided in pediatric anesthesia due to an increased risk of bronchospasm, other volatile agents are potent bronchodilators. Propofol is superior in blunting airway reflexes and, therefore, well suited for anesthesia induction in children with increased airway reactivity.
Interventions for Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men: Critical appraisal
Authors: Valdes Beatriz , Martinez Jacob , Quidley‐Rodriguez Narciso , Salani Deborah , Provencio‐Vasquez Elias , De Santis Joseph P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveSome interventions have been developed and tested to reduce high risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (MSM). The purpose of this paper is to critically appraise published interventions designed to reduce high risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM.Design/sample/measurementA critical appraisal of published interventions designed to reduce high risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM was conducted. Using guidelines established by the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Rating Scale published research articles were categorized and evaluated using these guidelines.ResultsThe critical appraisal identified nine intervention studies that met all inclusion criteria. The critical appraisal of these interventions highlighted strengths and weaknesses of these interventions which should be considered when developing future interventions to decrease high risk sexual practices among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM.ConclusionWhile several interventions have been created to specifically address HIV infection among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM, these interventions were varied. Suggestions for future intervention development to decrease high risk sexual behaviors among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and MSM based on the findings of the critical appraisal of the literature are included.
Public health nurse education in the Nordic countries
Authors: Alstveit Marit , Lahti Sari , Jónsdóttir Sigríður Sía , Egeland Nina , Sørensen Susanne Klit , Eklund Anna Josse 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigher education should promote critical reflection and guide students towards international activities. In the Nordic countries public health nurse educational programmes are mostly based on guidelines issued by national educational authorities, which describe students’ learning outcomes.AimThe aim of this paper is twofold: to give an overview of public health nurse education and service in the Nordic countries and thereby discuss opportunities for collaboration within the programmes.Data sources and compilation of dataNational legislations for public health nurse education and services are used as data. Since all sources are written in the language of each country, all the authors wrote the parts that describe each countries conditions in English and contributed to the compilation of data.ResultsWe found both similarities and differences in public health nurse education and services. Opportunities for collaboration between the programmes are discussed.ConclusionCritical reflection by the public health nurse students can be enhanced by arranging collaboration projects, an exchange of clinical placement, and joint master projects. Collaboration among academic staff within the educational programmes, in education and research, have the potential to enhance quality both within public health nurse education and in developing the profession of public health nursing.
Photo urticaria caused by exposure to LED emitting 633‐nm wavelength during hot yoga exercise
Authors: Takeuchi Anna , Fukumoto Takeshi , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhoto urticaria (PU) is a rare type of urticaria that develops after exposure to various wavelengths of light. Inducing urticarial wheals using light sources of pertinent wavelengths can help make the definitive diagnosis of PU. The action spectra (AS) in Japanese patients with PU commonly fall within the ultraviolet radiation A and visible light range. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of PU caused by 633‐nm wavelength within the visible light spectrum. Our patient worked as a “hot yoga” instructor, where light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) on the ceiling were used to irradiate the entire room with 633‐nm wavelength of light for “light treatment.” She reported itching and wheals on the face and neck during her “hot yoga” sessions. “Hot yoga” has recently gained popularity globally. The “light treatment” is based on the theory that 633‐nm wavelength light within the visible light spectrum reportedly prevents the skin from aging. We induced wheals with erythema by irradiating her skin using a 633‐nm LED at a dose of 0.008 J/cm2/s for 1 h. Her condition was diagnosed as PU caused by exposure to 633 nm. Light. Her symptoms have not recurred since she has avoided being exposed to the 633‐nm wavelength of LED light.
Contract farming, community effect, and farmer valuation of biofortified crop varieties in China: The case of high‐zinc wheat
Authors: Li Jian , Qing Ping , Hu Wuyang , Li Minglai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiofortification is a feasible and cost‐efficient approach to reduce human micronutrient deficiency, but few studies have investigated its economic value from the perspective of producers. We propose an actual output‐based payment card (AOPC) method to elicit producer valuation of biofortified high‐zinc wheat in North China Plain and assess the impacts of contract farming and community network on their valuation. Unlike financial payments, AOPC uses actual output as the payment vehicle. The results show that Chinese wheat producers' valuation of the biofortified variety is featured by a dispersed and bimodal distribution. We find that contract farming positively affects farmer valuation, highlighting the role of institutional arrangement in biofortified crop planting. We also document the existence of community effects, which leads to similar valuation among farmers better connected through the shared community network. Further analysis reveals that contract farming and community network effects on producer valuation are heterogeneous between elderly and younger producers and producers with and without young children. Our findings shed new light on producer valuation of biofortified crop planting in developing countries and provide implications for advancing the process of crop biofortification to reduce global micronutrient malnutrition.
Thyroid dysfunction and insulin resistance in end‐stage renal disease patients before and 1 year after starting maintenance hemodialysis: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Tawfik Mona , Fathy Noha , Mousa Amany A. , Ghonem Mohamed , Abdelsalam Mostafa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThyroid dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) are common findings in patients with ESRD. We aimed to evaluate thyroid dysfunction and IR in ESRD before and after 1 year of starting hemodialysis (HD).MethodsThis was a prospective study that recruited newly starting HD patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients were evaluated for TSH, free T4, free T3, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA‐IR, serum ferritin, and hs‐CRP levels before starting their first dialysis session and after 1 year of regular HD.ResultsEighty‐one patients have completed the 1‐year follow‐up period. After 1 year of regular HD, there were statistically significant increments of hs‐CRP, serum ferritin, and TSH levels. On the other hand, fasting insulin level and HOMA‐IR showed statistically significant increments after 1 year of starting HD. After 1 year of regular HD, TSH level showed a positive correlation with hs‐CRP and serum ferritin level, while free T3 was negatively correlated with HOMA‐IR. On the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation between HOMA‐IR, hs‐CRP, and serum ferritin levels, while HOMA‐IR was negatively correlated with Kt/V.ConclusionsThis study suggests overlapping complex pathogenesis of thyroid dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and IR in chronic HD patients.
Criminal justice in Indian country: Examining declination rates of tribal cases
Authors: Branton Regina , King Kimi , Walsh Justin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how U.S. Attorney Offices (USAO) use their declination powers in Indian country (IC) cases, compared to non‐IC cases.MethodsWe utilize the “National Caseload Data” provided by the Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys. These data allow us to identify whether a crime occurred on IC and identify whether the USAO declined to prosecute a case. Further, we examine if and how the passage of the Tribal Law and Order Act (TLOA) affected rates of declination of IC cases.ResultsThe findings indicate that IC cases are significantly more likely to be declined when compared to non‐IC cases. This suggests violence in IC may be linked to the federal government's lack of judicial oversight of criminal cases that occur in IC. Additionally, the findings indicate that the passage of TLOA in 2010 significantly reduced the declination rates in IC.ConclusionThe vicious cycle of violence on tribal lands is partially a result of the federal government's lack of judicial oversight of criminal cases that occur in IC. The failure to prosecute IC criminal cases results in perpetuating the occurrence of violent crime in tribal lands.
Neighbourhood Factors in Children's Outdoor Play: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Visser Kirsten , van Aalst Irina 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis systematic review discusses 25 recent studies (from 2000 to 2019, 13 quantitative and 12 qualitative) on the associations between neighbourhood characteristics and outdoor play of children (7–14 years old). Both physical and social contexts are shown to influence outdoor play, though studies differ on which elements matter most. Play‐friendly environments with informal and safe opportunities are more stimulating than formal playgrounds. Moreover, parents' social safety concerns limit children's independent outdoor play. Investigation of moderating factors is limited to age and gender differences and offers inconclusive evidence. Further research should collect evidence from both parents' and children's perspectives on how and for whom neighbourhood features matter.