bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupled thermoelectroelastic analysis of thick and thin laminated piezoelectric structures by exact geometry solid‐shell elements based on the sampling surfaces method
Authors: Kulikov Gennady M. , Plotnikova Svetlana V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA hybrid‐mixed exact geometry four‐node thermopiezoelectric solid‐shell element through the sampling surfaces (SaS) formulation is proposed. The SaS formulation is based on the choice of an arbitrary number of SaS within layers parallel to the middle surface and located at Chebyshev polynomial nodes in order to introduce the temperatures, displacements and electric potentials of these surfaces as basic shell unknowns. Due to the variational formulation, the outer surfaces and interfaces are also included into a set of SaS. Such choice of unknowns with the use of Lagrange polynomials in the through‐thickness approximations of temperatures, temperature gradient, displacements, strains, electric potential, and electric field leads to a very compact higher‐order thermopiezoelectric shell formulation. To implement efficient analytical integration throughout the solid‐shell element, the extended assumed natural strain method is employed for all components of the temperature gradient, strain tensor, and electric field vector. The developed hybrid‐mixed four‐node thermopiezoelectric solid‐shell element is based on the Hu–Washizu variational principle and shows a superior performance in the case of coarse meshes. It can be useful for the three‐dimensional thermoelectroelastic analysis of thick and thin doubly curved laminated piezoelectric shells under thermal loading, since the SaS formulation allows one to obtain the numerical solutions with a prescribed accuracy, which asymptotically approach exact solutions of the theory of thermopiezoelectricity as a number of SaS tends to infinity.
Hybrid multi‐objective optimization algorithm using Taylor series model and Spider Monkey Optimization
Authors: Menon Radhika , Kulkarni Anju , Singh Deepak , Venkatesan Mithra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMulti‐objective optimization is used for optimizing a number of objectives simultaneously. Mostly, the optimization algorithms considered the previous iterative position to find the next position updates. The main intention of this research is to design and develop a new model to solve the computational complexity, and the resource allocation problem. Based on this perspective, the Taylor series model and its predictive theory are applied to Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO), and a new optimization, named Taylor‐Spider Monkey Optimization (TaySMO) is developed. The proposed TaySMO computes the updated position of the swarm using the local leader phase and the global leader phase. However, a new position update equation is derived to enhance the searching process of the SMO. Here, multiple objectives such as, throughput, power, and fairness index are considered to solve the resource allocation problem. However, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using the conventional optimization function in terms of fitness function and convergence criteria as the mean square error (MSE) with the neural network learning is 0.3747, congestion rate of the resource allocation problem is 8.736E‐23, and MSE of the spectrum sensing is 8.74E‐23, respectively.
Nurse practitioner work patterns: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lowe Grainne , Tori Kathleen , Jennings Natasha , Schiftan Dan , Driscoll Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine how nurse practitioner (NP) roles are translated into clinical practice across Victoria, Australia. This paper reports details about NP work patterns and scopes of practice across multiple clinical settings and geographic locations.DesignA quantitative survey design was used. A data abstraction tool, based on previous work, was adapted for this study.MethodsAll NPs in one state of Australia were eligible to participate in the study and invited to complete an online survey about their NP practice. A previously developed data collection tool, capturing practice patterns of NPs, was adapted for online use in REDCAP. The data were exported, and descriptive statistics were analysed using SPSS.ResultsParticipants were mostly female, with males accounting for 25%. Findings indicate several NPs working in outpatient settings, community settings and forensic care. Patterns of practice—prescribing and ordering diagnostics—are associated with clinical context and model of care of the NP work.
Effectiveness of neonatal emergency nursing education through simulation training: Flipped learning based on Tanner’s Clinical Judgement Model
Authors: Yang Sun‐Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the effects of neonatal simulation‐based practice by applying flipped learning based on Tanner's clinical judgement model to pre‐simulation briefing for nursing students.DesignA quasi‐experimental non‐equivalent control group pre‐ and postintervention design.MethodsUsing Tanner's clinical judgment model, flipped learning was developed and applied to the pre‐simulation briefing curriculum prior to the neonatal nursing simulation exercise. Flipped learning was compared with a general pre‐simulation briefing with 65 South Korean students. From September 7, 2019, to October 25, 2019.ResultsThe experimental group's critical thinking, self‐confidence and clinical judgement ability increased, but knowledge, satisfaction and anxiety did not differ from that of the control group. Pre‐simulation briefing design focuses on improving students’ environmental comfort and reducing anxiety rather than developing complex reasoning skills and clinical judgement abilities. Applying flipped learning based on Tanner's clinical judgement model to pre‐simulation briefing increased critical thinking, self‐confidence and clinical judgement ability.
The experience of dealing with defecation dysfunction by changing the eating behaviours of people with rectal cancer following sphincter‐saving surgery: A qualitative study
Authors: Liu Wen , Xu Jian Min , Zhang Yu Xia , Lu Hui Juan , Xia Hai Ou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the experience of dealing with defecation dysfunction by changing the eating behaviours of people with rectal cancer following sphincter‐saving surgery.DesignThe descriptive qualitative design was applied.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 36 purposively selected rectal cancer survivors who had experienced sphincter‐saving surgery. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The thematic analysis was used to structure the data analysis.ResultsThree major themes, namely “have motivations to change diet”; “need strategies to change diet” and “face barriers to change diet” were generated along with 12 subthemes. Overall, needing to change one's dietary behaviour is the most important theme in addressing defecation dysfunction in patients following sphincter‐saving surgery. Future studies need to focus more on the specific relationship between different food types and the degree of defecation dysfunction. Systematic, scientific and continuous instructions on eating behaviour are in great need for patients after sphincter‐saving surgery.
A novel approach for the solution of fractional diffusion problems with conformable derivative
Authors: Bayrak Mine A. , Demir Ali , Ozbilge Ebru 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe truncated solution of space–time fractional differential equations, including conformable derivative is constructed by the help of residual power series method (RPSM). At the first step the space–time fractional differential equations are transformed into space fractional differential equations or time fractional differential equations by means of a specific transformation. Then the solutions are obtained in the form of fractional power series by semi‐analytical method RSPM. Finally, the illustrative examples show that this method is applicable, for constructing the truncated analytic solutions for space–time fractional differential equations.
Comparing B3LYP and B97 Dispersion‐corrected Functionals for Studying Adsorption and Vibrational Spectra in Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Grossman Esther F. , Daramola Damilola A. , Botte Gerardine G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrochemical ammonia synthesis is being actively studied as a low temperature, low pressure alternative to the Haber‐Bosch process. This work studied pure iridium as the catalyst for ammonia synthesis, following promising experimental results of Pt‐Ir alloys. The characteristics studied include bond energies, bond lengths, spin densities, and free and adsorbed vibrational frequencies for the molecules N2, N, NH, NH2, and NH3. Overall, these descriptive characteristics explore the use of dispersion‐corrected density functional theory methods that can model N2 adsorption – the key reactant for electrochemical ammonia synthesis via transition metal catalysis. Specifically, three methods were tested: hybrid B3LYP, a dispersion‐corrected form B3LYP‐D3, and semi‐empirical B97‐D3. The latter semi‐empirical method was explored to increase the accuracy obtained in vibrational analysis as well as reduce computational time. Two lattice surfaces, (111) and (100), were compared. The adsorption energies are stronger on (100) and follow the trend EB3LYP>EB3LYP‐D3>EB97‐D3 on both surfaces.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genitourinary tract: Primary and relapsed disease in infants and older children. Treatment results of five Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) trials and one registry
Authors: Sparber‐Sauer Monika , Matle Malin , Vokuhl Christian , Hallmen Erika , von Kalle Thekla , Münter Marc , Timmermann Beate , Bielack Stefan S. , Klingebiel Thomas , Koscielniak Ewa , Seitz Guido ,   the CWS Study Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the female genitourinary tract (FGU‐RMS) located at the vagina or uterus is one of the most favorable RMS sites. Little is known about treatment and outcome in infants and relapsed disease (RD).MethodsCharacteristics, treatment, and outcome of 71 children with FGU‐RMS registered within five Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) trials and one registry (1981‐2019) were evaluated.ResultsFGU‐RMS was diagnosed in 67 patients with localized disease (LD) at a median age of 2.89 years (0.09‐18.08). Multimodal treatment consisted of chemotherapy (CHT) (n = 66), secondary surgery (n = 32), and radiotherapy (n = 11). Age at diagnosis ≤12 months was the only significant negative prognostic factor influencing the event‐free survival (EFS). Ten‐year EFS and overall survival (OS) for infants ≤12 months were 50% and 81%, respectively. In contrast, children with LD >1 year and ≤10 years had a 10‐year EFS and OS of 78% and 94% (P = .038), and >10 years of 82% and 88%, respectively (P = .53). Metastatic disease was observed in four patients of which three are alive. RD occurred in five of 12 infants ≤1 year and 10/55 children at a median of 1.38 years (0.53‐2.97) after initial diagnosis. Treatment of patients with RD consisted of multimodal treatment (n = 13) or resection only (n = 2). Nine patients (60%) were alive in clinical remission at a median of 7.02 years (1.23‐16.72) after diagnosis of RD.ConclusionInfants with FGU‐RMS have a higher relapse rate than older children with FGU‐RMS, but prognosis is fair.
The role of cellulose nanofibrillated fibers produced with combined supercritical carbon dioxide and high‐pressure homogenization process as reinforcement material in biodegradable polymer
Authors: Rizal Samsul , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Atiqah M. S. Nurul , Olaiya Niyi G. , Paridah Md Tahir , Abdullah C. K. , Alfatah Tata , Mistar E. M. , Khalil H. P. S. Abdul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe production of kenaf bast cellulose nanofibrillated fiber (CNF) using a combined method of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) and high‐pressure homogenization as the reinforcement with biopolymer were studied. The obtained CNF was used as reinforcement in polylactic acid using the solvent casting method. The obtained CNF were verified using TEM and FTIR analysis to approve the effectiveness of the technique. The dispersion of kenaf bast cellulose nanofibrillated fiber in modified PLA was studied with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Further characterization, such as, mechanical, thermal, and wettability properties of the composite was also analyzed. The TEM and FTIR confirmed the formation of nanofiber, and the FTIR result showed a typical bond present in cellulose nanofibrillated fiber. The SEM and AFM showed good dispersion of the kenaf bast cellulose nanofibrilated fiber in PLA. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composite were significantly improved compared with the neat PLA. The wettability showed that the addition of CNF increased the hydrophilicity of the sample. The production of CNF through combine methods displayed comparable properties to those produced from conventional methods and the CNF preparation method in this study is simplified and adaptable for potential industrial application.
A unique brain germinal matrix involvement in cytomegalovirus infected fetuses: A retrospective neurosonographic analysis with outcome correlation
Authors: Birnbaum Roee , Winsteen Adi , Brusilov Michael , Wolman Igal , Ben‐Sira Liat , Malinger Gustavo , Krajden Haratz Karina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the clinical significance of brain germinal matrix (GM) changes in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infected fetuses.MethodThis is a retrospective analysis. Group A; isolated GM finding, with or without lenticulostriatal vasculopathy (LSV). Group B; non‐isolated lesion. Amniocentesis, urinalysis, postnatal US and developmental assessment, were obtained.ResultsGroup A and B included 18 and four fetuses, respectively. In group A, mean fetal age at diagnosis was 34.3 weeks (31–38 weeks). In 15/18 (83.3%), the lesion was bilateral and LSV was present in 8/18 (44.4%). Small cysts appeared inside the lesion in 5/18 (27.7%). MRI was normal in 8/18 (44.4%). Subtle or inconclusive findings were reported in the remaining fetuses. Brain ultrasound was normal in 10/18 (55.5%) of newborns. In the remaining, caudothalamic cyst with or without LSV, or isolated LSV were found. All newborns are developing normally at a mean follow‐up age of 33.3 months (+/− 19.6 moths). In group B, all four patients requested for termination of pregnancy.ConclusionFetal CMV infection may cause focal GM changes, frequently accompanied by LSV, late in pregnancy. These changes may be isolated, or as part of a more generalized brain damage. When isolated, favorable prognosis is expected.
Effect of pre‐mastication on dispersion of nanoclay in presence of carbon black in an inner liner compound: Studies on physicomechanical and functional properties
Authors: Banerjee Koushik , Chanda Jagannath , Ghosh Chowdhury Soumya , Pal Koushik , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Bhattacharyya Sanjay Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the use of “pre‐mastication” technique for getting higher dispersion of organoclay, Cloisite 15A, in an inner liner compound based on 70:30 bromobutyl and natural rubber blend, in presence of higher concentration of carbon black (60 phr) for the improvement of functional properties like fatigue cut growth and air permeability resistance. Studies have showed that the organoclay was almost equally distributed within the blend both in absence as well as in presence of carbon black. The vulcanization curve showed a marked increase in cure acceleration as well as a significant rise in the maximum torque value because of higher crosslinking aided by the participation of the quaternary amine present in Cloisite 15A; however, in the carbon black loaded compound, the cure acceleration was not so pronounced because of engaging interaction between amine and functional groups of carbon black. The microscopic study revealed a good dispersion of Cloisite 15A within the elastomer blend‐ in presence of carbon black. The anisotropic platelets of Cloisite 15A and carbon black particles jointly formed “nano units”, which occluded a portion of elastomer segments vis‐a‐vis partial intercalation within the clay gallery. Such a reinforcing model was instrumental in improving the physicomechanical and functional properties under static and dynamic conditions. The organoclay displayed a much‐improved properties at 2 and 4 phr doses in presence of 60 phr carbon black because of formation of enough “nano units” while deterioration was observed at 6 phr dose due to clay aggregation. Based on the results obtained on functional properties it was concluded that the 4 phr of organoclay compounded in “pre‐mastication” mode delivered the best improvement and thus it was recommended for future up‐scaling study.
Optimizing ceftaroline dosing in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Kalaria Shamir , Williford Sarah , Guo Dong , Shu Yan , Medlin Christopher , Li Matthew , Yeung Siu Yan Amy , Ali Farhan , Jean Wisna , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi , Heavner Mojdeh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCurrently, no dosing information exists for ceftaroline fosamil in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). The objectives of this study are to characterize the pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline in critically ill patients undergoing CRRT modalities and to derive individualized dosing recommendations.MethodsThis pharmacokinetic study aimed to enroll critically ill patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil and any CRRT modality from adult intensive care units. Selection of the specific CRRT modality and dosing regimen was based on clinical discretion. Pre‐filter, post‐filter, and ultrafiltrate samples were obtained before the administration of the fourth dose, after the completion of the infusion, and up to five additional time points post‐infusion. Plasma concentrations were measured using a validated ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography assay. Individual pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non‐compartmental analysis.ResultsFour patients were enrolled to investigate the need for dosing adjustments. The average sieving coefficient for ceftaroline was 0.81 ± 0.1, indicating high filter efficiency. The average volume of distribution was 41.8 L (0.48 L/kg) and is within the previously reported range in patients with normal renal function. Non‐renal clearance accounted for more than 50% of the total clearance observed in patients. The observed pharmacokinetic profiles suggest that the pharmacodynamic target for 2‐log10 CFU reduction from baseline (%fT >1 mg/L of 50%) was met for each patient. Due to the impact of CRRT and non‐renal clearance, dosing recommendations were derived for different ranges of effluent flow rates and adjusted body weights. For a patient with an adjusted body weight of 70 kg and receiving CRRT at an effluent flow rate of 3 L/h, a ceftaroline fosamil dosing regimen of 400 mg every 12 h is proposed.ConclusionCeftaroline is cleared extensively in critically ill patients receiving CRRT and may impact pharmacodynamic target achievement. Dose adjustments should be based on the intensity of the CRRT regimen, patient weight, and the clinical status of the patient.
Synthesis and properties of novel poly(ether ketone ketone)s containing 1,4‐naphthylene units by electrophilic solution copolycondensation
Authors: Wei Li , Wang Guixia , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSemicrystalline poly(aryl ether ketone)s (PAEKs) represent an industrially important class of high‐performance engineering thermoplastics with excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties, and the synthesis of PAEKs with enhanced glass transition temperatures (Tg) and moderate melting temperatures (Tm) is highly desirable. In the work reported, novel poly(ether ketone ketone)s (PEKKs) containing 1,4‐naphthylene units in main chains were synthesized by Friedel–Crafts solution copolycondensation of terephthaloyl chloride with a mixture of diphenyl ether and 1,4‐di(4‐phenoxybenzoyl)naphthalene (1,4‐DPOBN). The polymerization proceeded smoothly in 1,2‐dichloroethane in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3andN‐methylpyrrolidone under mild conditions and afforded polymers having inherent viscosities of 0.66–0.98 dL g−1. The polymers with 5–30 mol% 1,4‐DPOBN are semicrystalline and have obviously enhancedTgover commercial poly(ether ether ketone)s and PEKKs due to the incorporation of rigid and bulky 1,4‐naphthylene moieties into the main chain. The polymers with 20–30 mol% 1,4‐DPOBN not only have highTgof 175–177 °C, but also relatively lowTmof 331–336 °C, having high potential for melt processing. The polymers with 20–30 mol% 1,4‐DPOBN also exhibit excellent thermal stability and good mechanical and solvent‐resistance properties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Photosynthesis of polymer networks with controlled properties by dimerization of cinnamoyl groups
Authors: Gadek Magdalena , Strachota Beata , Matějka Libor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotosensitive monomers/polymers/copolymers containing a variable amount of cinnamoyl (Ci) groups ranging from 3 up to 480 per molecule were synthesized. These precursors were photocrosslinked by irradiation with UV light of wavelength 320–380 nm via the photodimerization of the Ci units. The evolution of conversion, gel fraction, modulus and Tg during irradiation was followed. Two types of photosensitive systems were studied: (i) a blend of photosensitive precursors of different functionality fCi and (ii) copolymers with a different content of Ci units and Tg. The control of the precursors' structure and composition as well as photocuring time period make it possible to finely tune the properties of the formed polymer network films. The prepared photocrosslinked networks show a very broad range of thermomechanical properties with Tg from −25 °C up to 135 °C and moduli over a range of three orders of magnitude. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Template‐free electrochemically polymerized polypyrrole nanowires and their application in flexible solid‐state supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Ruyi , Zhong Jiang , Zhu Huifang , Tang Chunmi , Qiao Yongluo , Fu Changqing , Wang Jinglan , Shen Liang , He Haifeng , Gao Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTreated carbon cloths combined with polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires (TCC@PPyW) were fabricated by template‐free electrochemical deposition of pyrrole in the presence of sodium citrate dihydrate and sodium perchlorate. The morphologies and electrochemical performances of the samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The morphologies of PPy nanostructure were controlled by regulating interfacial pH, deposition time and concentration of sodium perchlorate. PPy nanorods were generated with the aid of water oxidation when the pH of pyrrole solution was 7.9, and PPy nanowires could be obtained by increasing the deposition time or the concentration of sodium perchlorate. The resulting PPy nanowires were about 100 nm in diameter and up to 600 nm in length. TCC@PPyW electrodes provided a large contact area for electrolyte, which facilitated the rapid delivery of electric charge. As a result, the TCC@PPyW electrodes exhibited a high areal specific capacitance of 841.2 mF cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2 and a high energy density of 420.6 μWh cm−2 at a power density of 0.2 mW cm−2. An all‐solid‐state flexible symmetric supercapacitor without any binder, incorporated with TCC@PPyW as electrodes and poly(vinyl alcohol)–LiCl gel as gel electrolyte, is also reported. The TCC@PPyW supercapacitor displayed excellent flexibility and rate capability. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry