bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated method for optimized identification of effective natural inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro
Authors: Liao Qi , Chen Ziyu , Tao Yanlin , Zhang Beibei , Wu Xiaojun , Yang Li , Wang Qingzhong , Wang Zhengtao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current severe situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been reversed and posed great threats to global health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find out effective antiviral drugs. The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) in SARS-CoV-2 serve as a promising anti-virus target due to its essential role in the regulation of virus reproduction. Here, we report an improved integrated approach to identify effective 3CLpro inhibitors from effective Chinese herbal formulas. With this approach, we identified the 5 natural products (NPs) including narcissoside, kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside, rutin, vicenin-2 and isoschaftoside as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulation additionally revealed that these molecules can be tightly bound to 3CLpro and confirmed effectiveness against COVID-19. Moreover, kaempferol-3-o-gentiobioside, vicenin-2 and isoschaftoside were first reported to have SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitory activity. In summary, this optimized integrated strategy for drug screening can be utilized in the discovery of antiviral drugs to achieve rapid acquisition of drugs with specific effects on antiviral targets.
Joint optimization scheme for intelligent reflecting surface aided multi‐relay networks
Authors: Li Xueyi , Wong Angus K. Y. , Hung Kevin , Wang Yonghua , Wang Everett X. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe latest research on hybrid networks of decode‐and‐forward (DF) relay and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is limited to just a single relay. To harvest multiple relay gains, this paper proposes a hybrid communication networks that combines multiple DF relays with an IRS. The authors formulate and address the joint optimization problem to maximize the end‐to‐end transmission rate by jointly optimizing the reflect beam forming, the best relay selection and the power allocation, subject to total transmit power constraint. Moreover, to better exploit the degrees of freedom, it is proposed that the source also transmits signals in the second time slot. While the optimization problem is difficult to solve, the authors propose some efficient approaches to make the problem tractable. First, power allocation problem is simplified by applying Cauchy‐Schwarz inequality and introducing equivalent channel gain, second, non‐convex rank‐one constraint is overcome by utilizing semidefinite relaxation (SDR) approach, then the slacked non‐convex constraint is overcome by applying first‐order Taylor expansion approximation. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed joint optimization scheme for hybrid networks of multiple DF relays with an IRS has significant performance improvement over the other optimization schemes, such as the optimization scheme for hybrid networks of single DF relay and an IRS.
Multiscale spectral‐spatial cross‐extraction network for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Gao Hongmin , Wu Hongyi , Chen Zhonghao , Zhang Yunfei , Zhang Yiyan , Li Chenming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNN) are becoming increasingly popular in modern remote sensing image classification tasks and have exhibited excellent results. For the existing CNN‐based hyperspectral image (HSI) classification methods, most of which extract spatial or spectral features separately by convolution. But nearly all of these methods ignore the fact that the weighted summation of convolution may lead to appear new features in another dimension. To address this issue, a novel multiscale spectral‐spatial cross‐extraction network (MSSCEN) is proposed for HSI classification. Specifically, the proposed MSSCEN introduces spectral‐spatial features cross extraction module (SSCEM), which fed extracted features from previous layer into spatial and spectral extraction branches separately again, so that the changes that occurred in the other domain after each convolution can be fully utilized. In addition, a new independent data augmentation module based on U‐Net is designed to mitigate the problem of limited labelled samples. The paper conducts experiments on three classic hyperspectral datasets and the results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the best classification accuracy than other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Balanced‐to‐unbalanced and balanced‐to‐balanced filtering rat‐race couplers using multilayer substate integrated waveguide cavities
Authors: Wang Xian , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Dewei , Wang Yue , Lv Dalong , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study reports a class of balanced‐to‐unbalanced (BTU) and balanced‐to‐balanced (BTB) filtering rat‐race couplers (FRCs) based on multilayer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities. Input and output ports can perform the functions of balanced and unbalanced terminals to implement various operating states. The theoretical designs consisting of the mixed‐mode scattering matrix and mode analysis are discussed in detail. Good differential‐mode (DM) bandpass filtering (BPF) responses are obtained by two pairs of orthogonal degenerate modes in multilayer SIW cavities. Meanwhile, high common‐mode (CM) suppression and port‐to‐port isolation are realized inherently due to mode distributions of the square SIW resonator. Accordingly, to verify the design concept, two types of BTU FRCs and one type of BTB FRC are designed and fabricated, respectively. Moreover, the measured results agree well with the simulated ones, exhibiting high performances in terms of CM suppression, magnitude/phase imbalance as well as port matching/isolation characteristics.
Convolutional Kernel‐based covariance descriptor for classification of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images
Authors: Imani Maryam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere are two types of important information in a polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image: spatial features in two dimensions and polarimetric characteristics in the scattering dimension. Considering both polarimetric and spatial information is important for PolSAR image classification. Convolutional kernels show superior performance for extraction of spatial information from two dimensions of an image in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). But learning CNNs needs large enough training sets to achieve the optimum weights of kernels while there are not usually sufficient training samples for PolSAR images. To deal with this difficulty, a convolutional kernel‐based covariance descriptor (CKCD) is introduced for PolSAR image classification in this study. To extract contextual characteristics, compatible with the original image, the fixed‐valued convolutional kernels randomly selected from the image are used, which do not require any learning, and so do not need any training samples. To include more local spatial information and find the relation among the polarimetric features, the covariance descriptor is constructed on the extracted feature maps. Then, the polarimetric‐contextual features are given to a support vector machine with a matrix logarithm‐based kernel. Finally, the guided filter is applied to the initial classification map to result a smoothed classification map with preserved edges. The experiments on three real PolSAR images show superiority of the proposed CKCD method compared to several PolSAR classification methods such as 2DCNN and 3DCNN in small sample size situations.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in Chronic Total Subclavian Venous Stenosis Using Coronary Guidewire: A Case Report
Authors: Silalahi Todung D. A. , Suwita Christopher S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArteriovenous fistula is the best permanent vascular access for hemodialysis (HD). However, in our country, HD catheter in jugular or subclavian vein is more commonly found because our patients prefer to hold HD until the complications are unbearable. The catheter increases risk of venous stenosis on site and in surrounding vessels, resulting in access loss. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), combined with stent deployment, can be utilized as main treatment for such stenosis in subclavian vein. This method dated back to two decades ago with high success rate. Nevertheless, reports or studies of angioplasty in total occlusion are scarce, mainly because of lower success rate and the need of smaller penetrating wire. We describe our experience in performing PTA and stent deployment using coronary wire to penetrate total occlusion in subclavian venous stenosis after vein cannulation. We hope that we can give an alternative technique to avoid surgery in such cases.
Effect of Rehabilitation with a New Ocular Prosthesis on Electromyography of the Occipitofrontalis, Temporal, Masseter, and Sternocleidomastoid
Authors: de Caxias Fernanda Pereira , Sa Teles Karen Letícia , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , da Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas , Goiato Marcelo Coelho , de Magalhães Bertoz André Pinheiro , Januzzi Marcella Santos , Helga Turcio Karina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to verify during facial expressions (“happy,” “sad,” “fearful,” “angry,” “surprised,” and “disgusted”) if: (1) there would be difference in the electromyography (EMG) of the occipitofrontalis, temporal, masseter, and sternocleidomastoid muscles on the normal side (NS) compared with the affected side (AS) (without the use of an ocular prosthesis) in individuals with unilateral absence of the eyeball, and (2) the rehabilitation with a new ocular prosthesis would affect the EMG of the muscles studied on the AS in these individuals.
Materials and Methods Thirteen individuals, without temporomandibular disorder, with good health, with unilateral absence of the eyeball (the eye must have been removed by evisceration or enucleation), and users or nonusers of an ocular prosthesis were included. EMG of the occipitofrontalis, temporal, masseter, and sternocleidomastoid muscles was performed during rest and facial expressions (“happy,” “sad,” “fearful,” “angry,” “surprised,” and “disgusted”) before (T0) and 90 days after (T1) rehabilitation with a new ocular prosthesis. The analyses were performed in T0 on NS and AS (without the use of an ocular prosthesis), and in T1 on AS with the new ocular prosthesis.
Statistical Analysis All data were submitted to the Student's t-test with p < 0.05.
Results There was no statistically significant difference comparing the AS with the NS in T0 for all muscles studied, during all facial expressions evaluated (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference comparing the AS in T0 with itself in T1 for all muscles studied, during all facial expressions evaluated (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Eye loss did not affect the EMG of studied muscles when comparing NS with AS (without the use of an ocular prosthesis). The rehabilitation with ocular prosthesis was not capable of changing the EMG on AS.
Current Scope of Online Ophthalmology Education and Curriculum Impact Due to COVID-19
Authors: Lee Patrick S. Y. , Kemp Pavlina S. , Kelly Lisa D. , Rosenberg Jamie B. , Giaconi JoAnn A. , Graubart Emily B. , Knoch Daniel W. , Mirza Rukhsana G. , Sankar Prithvi S. , Goyal Anju 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective Abrupt changes in ophthalmology education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in novel online curriculum development. The aims of this study were to identify (1) the scope of online curricula implemented both prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) perception of educators on these online modalities; and (3) early lessons from online implementation that may guide future curricular planning.
Methods Implementation of online curricula was evaluated by using a national online survey of Ophthalmology Directors of Medical Student Education (DMSE) via Qualtrics software.
Participants Medical Student Educators of the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) were surveyed.
Results Fifty responses were collected, representing a 64.9% response rate. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 44% of institutions had no online components in their courses, but 78.3% of institutions reported increasing online components in response to the pandemic. Required courses were significantly associated both with having implemented online components before the pandemic and implementing online-only versions of these courses in response to the pandemic. The three most popular modalities used for online teaching were lectures, interactive cases, and problem-based learning, with a median satisfaction of 4.0, 4.32, and 4.35, (out of five) respectively. The least popular modalities used were online teaching of physical exam skills and telemedicine, both with a median satisfaction of 2.5. Median overall educator satisfaction with online teaching was four (out of five). The most common weakness related to online teaching was the lack of effective physical exam skills training.
Conclusion Our data demonstrate that most institutions successfully shifted their ophthalmology curriculum to a virtual and online version in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. DMSEs adapted quickly, transitioning in-person clinical courses, and extracurricular activities to online formats. Overall, educator satisfaction with online curricula was high. Integration of online curricula provides the opportunity to enrich institutional curriculums and overcome limitations imposed by decreasing curriculum time. This study reveals an early window into the utilization, strengths, and weaknesses of online ophthalmology education, which can serve as a guiding point to enhance ophthalmology curriculum development.
Long-term Quality of Life after Fusion of the Ventral Thoracic and Lumbar Spine
Authors: Jäckle Katharina , Saul Dominik , Oberthür Swantje , Roch Paul Jonathan , Sehmisch Stephan , Lehmann Wolfgang , Weiser Lukas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Cage implantations and autologous pelvic bone grafts are common surgical procedures to fuse the spine in cases of spinal disorders such as traumatic fractures or degenerative diseases. These surgical methods are designed to stably readjust the spine and to prevent late detrimental effects such as pain or increasing kyphosis. Benefits of these surgical interventions have been evaluated, but the long-term well-being of patients after the respective treatments has not yet been examined. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome for patients who received iliac crest or cage implantations.
Material and Methods Forty-six patients with traumatic fractures after they obtained an anterior fusion in the thoracic or lumbar spine (12 cages; mean age: 54.08 years; 34 pelvic bone grafts; mean age: 42.18 years) were asked to participate in the survey using a precast questionnaire according the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Spine Score. Twenty-nine of them provided the data requested.
Results Evaluation of the VAS scores of the patients, reporting at least 1 year after the surgery, revealed that cage implantations led to significantly better results with respect to all aspects of their daily life such as pain sensing, capability to undertake physical activities and exercise as compared with patients with autologous pelvic bone graft. Patients with autologous pelvic bone graft treatment reported a particularly poor overall satisfaction level concerning their long-term well-being.
Conclusions Patients with cage implantation reported a higher degree of long-term well-being. The data provide evidence for a positive impact on the postsurgery quality of life after cage implantation.
Hostel Residents' Knowledge on Feminine Hygiene—Effect of Information Booklet
Authors: Alva Jeevitha , Kannappan Sujatha R. , Joseph Gincy , Upashe Shivaleela 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of the Study Adolescence is the transformational period of life from childhood to adulthood. Pubertal changes influence the functioning of the reproductory tract of adolescent girls. At this stage, adequate knowledge of feminine hygiene becomes vital in the prevention of urinary tract infection; if not treated, it may cause various complications in the future. Hence, every adolescent girl needs to be educated on the importance of maintaining femininity.
Methods A quantitative research methodology was adopted, with a one-group pre- and posttest design. A random sampling procedure was used to find 100 samples that met the inclusion criteria. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to get the essential data. Following the pretest, an information brochure on feminine hygiene was distributed. After 7 days, a posttest was conducted.
Results The acquired data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Around 72% of the participants were under the age of 18. Thirty percent of them did not receive any feminine hygiene information. The mean posttest knowledge score of 16.54 is higher than the pretest knowledge score of 14.31, indicating that understanding of feminine hygiene has improved.
Conclusion In the pretest, 39% of hostel residents had poor awareness of feminine hygiene, indicating a need for instruction. The difference in knowledge score between pre- and posttest knowledge demonstrates the usefulness of the information booklet in enhancing feminine hygiene knowledge.
Hip Profile in World Elite Junior Badminton Players: Impingement and Range of Motion Data from the World Junior Badminton Championship 2018
Authors: Kaldau Niels Christian , Kerr Stewart , McCaig Steve , Hölmich Per 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBadminton is played with repetitive high loading to the hip with lunging and jumps. In sports like soccer there is a high prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome in youth populations which may predispose them to osteoarthritis (OA). Internal rotation deficit in the hip of football players is a predictor of hip and groin pain and differences in the range of motion (ROM) of the hip between sex and different ethnicities exist. Early hip replacements in former elite badminton players due to OA seem to be a problem. There are no published values for ROM and impingement of the hip in badminton. The purpose is to report ROM and impingement of the hip in elite junior badminton players and to report any differences between sex and ethnicities. Players at the World Junior Championship 2018 were examined for hip flexion, rotation, and impingement test. Injury history was obtained from a questionnaire. Two hundred and eighty-four players of 433 aged 16 to 18 years were examined. One hundred and forty-three players answered the questionnaire. Females demonstrated greater hip ROM than males. In the dominant side hip flexion was (137.7 degrees [ ± 9.1] vs. 132.2 degrees [ ± 11.1], p < 0.001), internal rotation range of motion or IROM (60.0 degrees [ ± 10.9] vs. 49 degrees [ ± 11.1], p < 0.001) and external rotation range of motion or EROM (57.9 degrees [ ± 9.9] vs. 54.7 degrees [ ± 8.9], 0.004). Hip flexion was higher in Asian players compared with non-Asian players (139.1 degrees [ ± 8.4] vs. 130.3 degrees [ ± 10.7], p < 0.001). One hundred (35%) players had at least one positive impingement test. A possible relationship between a positive FADIR and a decrease in hip flexion was found in the dominant hip, OR 1.06 (1.02–1.11) p = 0.005. A total of 104 previous injuries lasting over 30 days were reported with five hip-related injuries. No correlation between injury and examinations was found. Females and Asians demonstrated higher ROM in the hip than males and non-Asians. Impingement of the hip is frequent and may be related to low hip flexion.
Influence of Bone Quality on the Use of Implant Prostheses with Intermediate Pontic: Three-dimensional Finite Element Method
Authors: Toniollo Marcelo Bighetti , Terada Andrea Sayuri Silveira Dias , Melo Jair Pereira de , Costa Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende , Souza Diogo Henrique Vaz de 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to observe the differences in the dissipation of the main minimum stresses with the use of a fixed pontic partial prosthesis supported by two regular length implants in cortical and medullary bone tissues of different qualities.
Materials and Methods Experimental groups were as follows: QI (two regular length implants with fixed pontic partial prosthesis and bony qualities consistent with type I), QII (identical to QI, with bony qualities consistent with type II), and QIII (identical to QI, with bony qualities consistent with type III). All the groups were developed and analyzed in virtual simulation environment using AnsysWorkbench software.
Results The results showed highest stress concentrations in the region of the turns of the implants, especially in the apical region surrounding the implants and most notably in those positioned in the posterior region, supporting the molars. In addition, comparing the cortical bone among the groups, the results revealed increasing levels of stress in the order of QI, QII, and QIII. Comparing the medullary bone among the groups, the results revealed increasing levels of stress in the order of QIII, QII, and QI.
Conclusion It was concluded that greater stress disparity occurred in the comparison between groups QI and QIII. There was a higher TMiP in QI in the cortical bone, but considering the literature values, it would not pose risks to its physiological limits. The use of a pontic fixed partial prosthesis on two regular implants of type III bone quality may cause unfavorable physiological repercussions for the posterior implant apical medullary bone.
Intentional Ecology: Integrating environmental expertise through a focus on values, care and advocacy
Authors: Knight Alexandra R. , Allan Catherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the significance of environmental degradation for humanity becomes apparent, the challenge of developing expertise in integrating science, advocacy and implementation has been acknowledged. Addressing recent and ongoing global challenges including mass extinction, climate change, disease and threats to food, water and power security requires employment of evidence-based science in multi-faceted approaches. Ensuring the mobilisation of new knowledge in practice, both in policy and on-ground actions, takes many researchers into the realm of advocacy, where facts and values become equally important. In the nexus between research and practice, guidance in integrating approaches is required. Drawing on the fields of conservation biology, systems theory and feminist science, this paper offers a new conceptual framework to guide researchers and professionals; one that supports practice by encouraging action and advocacy. The framework, intentional ecology, requires examination of ethics and acknowledgement of the human endeavour that supports curiosity and care in research. Intention is the key concept here as it incorporates beliefs, choice and actions. A case study of the application of intentional ecology to research into, and conservation of, a small, threatened amphibian, Sloane’s Froglet, in South Eastern Australia is provided. Many environmental issues are complex and it is difficult to find a single point to address. While acknowledging that complexity, intentional ecology provides an ethical basis and imperative to act. In so doing intentional ecology enables early, applied and relevant integrated action and reflexive and dynamic approaches to implementation.