bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented Migratory Bird Die‐Off: A Citizen‐Based Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Mass Mortality Events in the Western United States
Authors: Yang Di , Yang Anni , Yang Jue , Xu Rongting , Qiu Han 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtensive, severe wildfires, and wildfire‐induced smoke occurred across the western and central United States since August 2020. Wildfires resulting in the loss of habitats and emission of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds pose serious threatens to wildlife and human populations, especially for avian species, the respiratory system of which are sensitive to air pollutions. At the same time, the extreme weather (e.g., snowstorms) in late summer may also impact bird migration by cutting off their food supply and promoting their migration before they were physiologically ready. In this study, we investigated the environmental drivers of massive bird die‐offs by combining socioecological earth observations data sets with citizen science observations. We employed the geographically weighted regression models to quantitatively evaluate the effects of different environmental and climatic drivers, including wildfire, air quality, extreme weather, drought, and land cover types, on the spatial pattern of migratory bird mortality across the western and central US during August‐September 2020. We found that these drivers affected the death of migratory birds in different ways, among which air quality and distance to wildfire were two major drivers. Additionally, there were more bird mortality events found in urban areas and close to wildfire in early August. However, fewer bird deaths were detected closer to wildfires in California in late August and September. Our findings highlight the important impact of extreme weather and natural disasters on bird biology, survival, and migration, which can provide significant insights into bird biodiversity, conservation, and ecosystem sustainability.
Opposing functions of β-arrestin 1 and 2 in Parkinson’s disease via microglia inflammation and Nprl3
Authors: Fang Yinquan , Jiang Qingling , Li Shanshan , Zhu Hong , Xu Rong , Song Nanshan , Ding Xiao , Liu Jiaqi , Chen Miaomiao , Song Mengmeng , Ding Jianhua , Lu Ming , Wu Guangyu , Hu Gang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough β-arrestins (ARRBs) regulate diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, their functions and regulation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain poorly defined. In this study, we show that the expression of β-arrestin 1 (ARRB1) and β-arrestin 2 (ARRB2) is reciprocally regulated in PD mouse models, particularly in microglia. ARRB1 ablation ameliorates, whereas ARRB2 knockout aggravates, the pathological features of PD, including dopaminergic neuron loss, neuroinflammation and microglia activation in vivo, and microglia-mediated neuron damage in vitro. We also demonstrate that ARRB1 and ARRB2 produce adverse effects on inflammation and activation of the inflammatory STAT1 and NF-κB pathways in primary cultures of microglia and macrophages and that two ARRBs competitively interact with the activated form of p65, a component of the NF-κB pathway. We further find that ARRB1 and ARRB2 differentially regulate the expression of nitrogen permease regulator-like 3 (Nprl3), a functionally poorly characterized protein, as revealed by RNA sequencing, and that in the gain- and loss-of-function studies, Nprl3 mediates the functions of both ARRBs in microglia inflammatory responses. Collectively, these data demonstrate that two closely related ARRBs exert opposite functions in microglia-mediated inflammation and the pathogenesis of PD which are mediated at least in part through Nprl3 and provide novel insights into the understanding of the functional divergence of ARRBs in PD.
Identification, classification, and characterization of AP2/ERF superfamily genes in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)
Authors: Zhu Peihuang , Chen Yu , Zhang Jinfeng , Wu Fan , Wang Xiaofeng , Pan Ting , Wei Qiang , Hao Yanping , Chen Xuelian , Jiang Chunwu , Ji Kongshu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) play crucial regulatory roles in controlling the expression of the target genes in plants. APETALA2/Ethylene-responsive factors (AP2/ERF) are part of a large superfamily of plant-specific TFs whose members are involved in the control of plant metabolism, development and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the AP2/ERF superfamily has not been identified systematically in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana), which is one of the most important conifer in southern China. Therefore, we performed systematic identification of the AP2/ERF superfamily using transcriptome sequencing data from Masson pine. In the current study, we obtained 88 members of the AP2/ERF superfamily. All PmAP2/ERF members could be classified into 3 main families, AP2 (7 members), RAV (7 members), ERF (73 members) families, and a soloist protein. Subcellular localization assays suggested that two members of PmAP2/ERF were nuclear proteins. Based on pine wood nematode (PWN) inoculated transcriptome and qPCR analysis, we found that many members of PmAP2/ERF could respond to PWN inoculation and PWN related treatment conditions in vitro. In general, members of the AP2/ERF superfamily play an important role in the response of Masson pine responds to PWN. Furthermore, the roles of the AP2/ERF superfamily in other physiological activities of Masson pine remain to be further studied.
Interferon characterization associates with asthma and is a potential biomarker of predictive diagnosis
Authors: Shu Hairong , Li Yong , Xu Hangyu , Yin Qing , Song Jianxin , Zheng Minqiao , Li He 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interferon (IFN) plays a role in immune and inflammation responses. However, the effect of IFN in asthma is still not fully clear. The present study was conducted to better understand the role of IFN signatures in asthma. Blood samples from case–control studies (study 1: 348 asthmas and 39 normal controls and validation study 2: 411 asthmas and 87 normal controls) were enrolled. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) method was used to quantify the levels of 74 IFN signatures. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway function analysis were performed for functional analysis and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) value was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability. In our work, IFN-γ response-DN, negative regulation of IFN-γ secretion, IFNG pathway, negative regulation of response to IFN-γ, and type 1 IFN biosynthetic process showed higher levels in asthma. Functional analysis demonstrated that pathway and biological process involved in IFN signaling pathway, regulation of type 1 IFN production and response to IFN-γ. Hub IFN-related genes were identified, and their combination as biomarker exhibited a good diagnostic capacity for asthma (AUC = 0.832). These findings offered more insight into the underlying mechanism of how IFN signatures affected asthma. The use of the easy-to-apply IFN-related genes might serve as a promising blood-based biomarker for early diagnosis of asthma.
Storage Time of Cryopreserved Embryos and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma Yuanlin , Liu Xiaochen , Shi Gaohui , Liu Yongxiang , Zhou Shurui , Hou Wenhui , Xu Yanwen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurpose Cryopreservation techniques have become an essential part of assisted reproduction technology. Embryos may be cryopreserved for several years before transfer, and the safety of long-term cryopreservation needs to be considered. This dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate whether there were dose-response relationships between the storage time of cryopreserved embryos and pregnancy outcomes such as survival rate, implantation rate, miscarriage rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and congenital malformation rate.Methods After searching the databases PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CCRT and related reviews up until June 4, 2020, seven studies were included for analysis. Two reviewers extracted the relevant information and independently assessed the study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Potential linear or non-linear dose-response relationships were assessed with a random-effect dose-response meta-analysis.Results No dose-response association was found between duration of embryo cryostorage and survival rate, implantation rate, miscarriage rate, clinical pregnancy rate or congenital malformation rate.Conclusion The interval between the start of embryo cryopreservation and frozen/thawed embryo transfer does not influence pregnancy outcomes.
New Pyrrolobenzoxazine Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives from the Fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus
Authors: Chaiyosang Boonyanoot , Kanokmedhakul Kwanjai , Soytong Kasem , Poeaim Supattra , Soytong Mayamor , Hadsadee Sarinya , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Yahuafai Jantana , Siripong Pongpun , Kanokmedhakul Somdej 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThree new pyrrolobenzoxazine sesquiterpenoids, talatrachyoxazines A – C (1 – 3), together with fourteen known compounds (4 – 17), were isolated from the fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus EU23. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic evidence and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of 1 – 3 were determined by NOESY data and comparison of their calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against HelaS3, KB, HT-29, MCF-7, and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 7, 11, 10, 12, and 10 µM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 14 showed weak antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, while 1 – 3 and 14 showed weak antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, compound 1 showed weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
A Glimpse and Perspective of Current Organosilicon Chemistry from the View of Hydrosilylation and Synthesis of Silicon-Stereogenic Silanes
Authors: Xu Li-Wen , Ye Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSilicon and its related organosilicon chemistry has become a mainstay in synthetic chemistry as they can participate in numerous organic transformations. Due to space limitations, this perspective is focused on a glimpse of current organosilicon chemistry from the view of catalytic hydrosilylation and synthesis of silicon-stereogenic silanes. The progress of the two topics fully illustrates that organosilicon chemistry has become a hot research field in recent years and will play a greater role in academic research and industrial applications of silicon element in the future.1 Introduction2 Hydrosilylation3 Catalytic Constructions of Silicon-Stereogenic Centers4 Conclusion and Perspective
Sulfur-Mediated Reactions through Sulfonium Salts and Ylides
Authors: Li Pingfan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis Account discusses several new reaction methods developed in our group that utilize sulfur-mediated reactions through sulfonium salts and ylides, highlighting the interplay of rational design and serendipity. Our initial goal was to convert aliphatic C–H bonds into C–C bonds site-selectively, and without the use of transition-metal catalysts. While a proof-of-concept has been achieved, this target is far from being ideally realized. The unexpected discovery of an anti-Markovnikov rearrangement and subsequent studies on difunctionalization of alkynes were much more straightforward, and eventually led to the new possibility of asymmetric N–H insertion of sulfonium ylides through Brønsted acid catalysis.1	Introduction2	Allylic/Propargylic C–H Functionalization3	Anti-Markovnikov Rearrangement4	Difunctionalization of Alkynes5	Asymmetric N–H Insertion of Sulfonium Ylides6	Conclusion
Rhinoplasty as an Adjunct to Facial Rejuvenation
Authors: Hamilton Grant S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRhinoplasty typically is not considered a part of the repertoire facial rejuvenation surgery but the same involutional changes that affect the other structures of the face also impact the nose and midface. Comparatively little has been written about nasal rejuvenation. Rhinoplasty may be an under-recognized but a useful adjunct to the rejuvenation of the aging face. The aging nose presents unique pathology due to the involutional changes that affect the cartilage and supporting structures. A comprehensive facial rejuvenation plan should address these progressive effects.
Absolute calibration of the Lyman-α measurement apparatus at DIII-D
Authors: Laggner F. M. , Bortolon A. , Rosenthal A. M. , Wilks T. M. , Hughes J. W. , Freeman C. , Golfinopoulos T. , Nagy A. , Mauzey D. , Shafer M. W. ,   the DIII-D Team
Published: March 2021

The LLAMA (Lyman-Alpha Measurement Apparatus) diagnostic was recently installed on the DIII-D tokamak [Rosenthal et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. (submitted) (2020)]. LLAMA is a pinhole camera system with a narrow band Bragg mirror, a bandpass interference filter, and an absolute extreme ultraviolet photodiode detector array, which measures the Ly-α brightness in the toroidal direction on the inboard, high field side (HFS) and outboard, low field side (LFS). This contribution presents a setup and a procedure for an absolute calibration near the Ly-α line at 121.6 nm. The LLAMA in-vacuum components are designed as a compact, transferable setup that can be mounted in an ex situ vacuum enclosure that is equipped with an absolutely calibrated Ly-α source. The spectral purity and stability of the Ly-α source are characterized using a vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer, while the Ly-α source brightness is measured by a NIST-calibrated photodiode. The non-uniform nature of the Ly-α source emission was overcome by performing a calibration procedure that scans the Ly-α source position and employs a numerical optimization to determine the emission pattern. Nominal and measured calibration factors are determined and compared, showing agreement within their uncertainties. A first conversion of the measured signal obtained from DIII-D indicates that the Ly-α brightness on the HFS and LFS is on the order of 1020 Ph sr−1 m−2 s−1. The established calibration setup and procedure will be regularly used to re-calibrate the LLAMA during DIII-D vents to monitor possible degradation of optical components and detectors.
A temperature-controlled electric field sample environment for small-angle neutron scattering experiments
Authors: Hayward Dominic W. , Magro Germinal , Hörmann Anja , Prévost Sylvain , Schweins Ralf , Richardson Robert M. , Gradzielski Michael 
Published: March 2021

A new sample environment is introduced for the study of soft matter samples in electric fields using small-angle neutron scattering instruments. The sample environment is temperature controlled and features external electrodes, allowing standard quartz cuvettes to be used and conducting samples or samples containing ions to be investigated without the risk of electrochemical reactions occurring at the electrodes. For standard 12.5 mm quartz cuvettes, the maximum applied field is 8 kV/cm, and the applied field may be static or alternating (up to 10 kHz for 8 kV/cm and up to 60 kHz for 4 kV/cm). The electric fields within the sample are calculated and simulated under a number of different conditions, and the capabilities of the setup are demonstrated using a variety of liquid crystalline samples. Measurements were performed as a function of temperature and time spent in the electric field. Finally, the advantages, drawbacks, and potential optimization of the sample environment are discussed with reference to applications in the fields of complex soft matter, biology, and electrorheology.
Focusing climate negotiations on a uniform common commitment can promote cooperation
Authors: Schmidt Klaus M. , Ockenfels Axel 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Climate change and other threats to modern societies require international cooperation. Utilizing a laboratory experiment and game theoretical analysis, we find that the success of negotiations to promote cooperation strongly depends on the kind of commitment negotiated. In the context of international climate policy, our findings indicate that individual commitments (as negotiated in the Paris Agreement) and complex common commitments (as negotiated in the Kyoto Protocol) tend to have only limited success in promoting cooperation. Shifting the negotiation focus to a uniform common commitment, such as a minimum carbon price, may potentially foster more ambitious cooperation and thus help mitigating climate change.
β2-adrenoceptor ligand efficacy is tuned by a two-stage interaction with the Gαs C terminus
Authors: Kim Keehun , Paulekas Shayla , Sadler Fredrik , Gupte Tejas M. , Ritt Michael , Dysthe Matthew , Vaidehi Nagarajan , Sivaramakrishnan Sivaraj 
Published: March 2021

Significance
An outstanding challenge in GPCR pharmacology is quantifying the system-independent functional effects of ligand-receptor interactions. Current efforts to measure ligand efficacy at the level of the receptor (i.e., molecular efficacy) are limited by the requirement of extensive purification of receptor and G proteins to homogeneity. In this study, we present an accessible, scalable technology for the single point measurement of the molecular efficacy of GPCR ligands. Integrating this technology with insights from molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that the transition of the G protein from an intermediate to a fully coupled interaction with the GPCR is a structural determinant of ligand molecular efficacy.
Interventions can shift the thermal optimum for parasitic disease transmission
Authors: Nguyen Karena H. , Boersch-Supan Philipp H. , Hartman Rachel B. , Mendiola Sandra Y. , Harwood Valerie J. , Civitello David J. , Rohr Jason R. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Temperature influences the transmission of many pathogens, but the effects of temperature variability on parasite and host traits and their interactive effects on transmission are poorly understood. We integrated an epidemiological model of schistosomiasis, an infectious disease that affects over 200 million people, with temperature-dependent traits of the causative parasite and its intermediate snail host. We show that simulated interventions targeting snails and parasite larvae increased the optimum temperature for transmission because intervention-related mortality overrode natural thermal constraints. We show that interventions are more effective at lower temperatures, climate change will increase schistosomiasis risk in regions where surface water temperatures move closer to the thermal optimum, and considering local climate conditions for disease control can maximize human health outcomes.
Acetylcholine ameliorates colitis by promoting IL-10 secretion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells through the nAChR/ERK pathway
Authors: Zheng Wanwei , Song Huan , Luo Zhongguang , Wu Hao , Chen Lin , Wang Yuedi , Cui Haoshu , Zhang Yufei , Wang Bangting , Li Wenshuai , Liu Yao , Zhang Jun , Chu Yiwei , Luo Feifei , Liu Jie 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have been characterized by immune-mediated destruction of intestinal homeostasis. Until now, there have been no optimal therapies due to lack of a comprehensive understanding on pathophysiology during IBDs. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is emerging as a critical participant in intestinal immunomodulation, but the interaction between the ENS and intestinal immunity in IBDs remains unclear. Here, we discover the alteration of the ENS featured with reduced neurons and decreased acetylcholine (ACh) in IBDs. Moreover, ACh directly enhances the antiinflammatory activity of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells by promoting interleukin-10 production through nicotinic ACh receptors, and thus ameliorates colitis. Our data highlight a neuroimmunomodulatory pathway and provide an alternative avenue by locally increasing ACh level for IBD therapy.
Structural and functional dissection of reovirus capsid folding and assembly by the prefoldin-TRiC/CCT chaperone network
Authors: Knowlton Jonathan J. , Gestaut Daniel , Ma Boxue , Taylor Gwen , Seven Alpay Burak , Leitner Alexander , Wilson Gregory J. , Shanker Sreejesh , Yates Nathan A. , Prasad B. V. Venkataram , Aebersold Ruedi , Chiu Wah , Frydman Judith , Dermody Terence S. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Protein folding and oligomeric complex assembly are essential for protein homeostasis. These processes are orchestrated by a network of host chaperones that interact with nascent and formed polypeptides. We investigated the mechanism by which a ubiquitous, essential, molecular chaperone, TRiC, folds an aggregation-prone protein subunit of a viral capsid. Structural studies, mass spectrometry, and in vitro folding and assembly experiments provided insights into the mechanism by which TRiC, in cooperation with a cochaperone, prefoldin, folds and assembles protein multimers. As the principles of protein folding and assembly are evolutionarily conserved, these findings likely point to common functions for TRiC and prefoldin in assembling a diversity of intracellular protein complexes.
A multicountry perspective on gender differences in time use during COVID-19
Authors: Giurge Laura M. , Whillans Ashley V. , Yemiscigil Ayse 
Published: March 2021

Significance
We find pervasive gender differences in time use during COVID-19. Surveys of diverse samples with over 30,000 respondents reveal that women—especially mothers—spent more time on necessities such as childcare and chores. In turn, time spent completing household chores was linked to lower well-being. This research reveals persistent time-use differences between women and men in household responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nonlinear elasticity of biological basement membrane revealed by rapid inflation and deflation
Authors: Li Hui , Zheng Yue , Han Yu Long , Cai Shengqiang , Guo Ming 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Basement membranes (BMs) are thin layers of extracellular matrix ubiquitously found in animals surrounding various tissues. As a physical barrier, their mechanical properties are important in maintaining structural integrity of tissues, and their permeabilities are essential for molecule exchange and internal cell activities. However, due to the lack of direct measurement methods, the physical properties of BMs remain largely unclear, limiting our understanding of BMs in various physiological and pathological processes such as tumor development. Here, we apply pressure-controlled inflation/deflation to measure the stress–strain behaviors of intact BM in situ and to determine the mechanical properties in a model-independent manner. We discover a strong strain-stiffening effect of intact BM, which is essential for preventing its snap-through instability.
Reevaluating the timing of Neanderthal disappearance in Northwest Europe
Authors: Devièse Thibaut , Abrams Grégory , Hajdinjak Mateja , Pirson Stéphane , De Groote Isabelle , Di Modica Kévin , Toussaint Michel , Fischer Valentin , Comeskey Dan , Spindler Luke , Meyer Matthias , Semal Patrick , Higham Tom 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Understanding when Neanderthals disappeared is a hotly debated topic. When radiocarbon dating placed the Spy Neanderthals amongst the latest surviving in Northwest Europe, questions were raised regarding the reliability of the dates. Using a procedure more efficient in removing contamination and ancient genomic analysis, we show that previous dates produced on Neanderthal specimens from Spy are too young by up to 10,000 y. Our direct radiocarbon dates on the Neanderthals from Spy and those from Engis and Fonds-de-Forêt show a reduction of the uncertainty for the time window corresponding to Neanderthal disappearance in Northwest Europe. This population disappeared at 44,200 to 40,600 cal B.P. (at 95.4% probability). This is also earlier than previous suggestions based on dates on bulk collagen.