bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solutions, in Particular Dilute Solutions of Nonelectrolytes: A Review
Authors: Wilhelm Emmerich 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTheliquidstate is one of the three principal states of matter and arguably the most important one; andliquid mixturesrepresent a large research field of profound theoretical and practical interest. This topic is of importance in many areas of the applied sciences, such as in chemical engineering, geochemistry, the environmental sciences, biophysics and biomedical technology. First, I will concisely present a review of important concepts from classical thermodynamics of nonelectrolyte solutions; this will be followed by a survey of (semi-)empirical approaches to representing the composition and temperature dependence of selected thermodynamic mixture properties, and finally the focus will be on dilute binary nonelectrolyte solutions where one component, a supercritical solute, is present in much smaller quantity than the other component, called the solvent. Partial molar properties in the limit ofinfinite dilution(indicated by a superscript ∞) are of particular interest. For instance, activity coefficients (Lewis–Randall (LR) convention) are customarily used to characterize mixing behavior, and infinite-dilution values$$\gamma_{i}^{{{\text{LR,}}\infty }}$$γiLR,∞provide a convenient route for obtaining binary parameters for several popular solution models. When discussingsolute (j)—solvent (i)interactions in solutions where the solute is supercritical, the Henry fugacity$$h_{j,i} \left( {T,P} \right)$$hj,iT,P, also known as Henry’s law (HL) constant, is a measurable thermodynamic key quantity. Its temperature dependence yields information on the partial molar enthalpy change on solution$$\Delta H_{j}^{\infty } \left( {T,P} \right)$$ΔHj∞T,P, while its pressure dependence yields information on the partial molar volume$$V_{j}^{{{\text{L,}}\infty }} \left( {T,P} \right)$$VjL,∞T,Pof solutejin the liquid phase (superscript L). I will clarify issues frequently overlooked, touch upon solubility data reduction and correlation, report a few recent high-precision experimental results on diluteaqueoussolutions of supercritical nonelectrolytes, and show theequivalencyof results for caloric quantities (e.g.$$\Delta H_{j}^{\infty }$$ΔHj∞) obtained via van ’t Hoff analysis of high-precision solubility data with directly measured calorimetric data.
The ecological mechanisms of Acetes blooms as a threat to the security of cooling systems in coastal nuclear power plants
Authors: An Lina , Wang Lei , Ou Danyun , Jia Cun , Li Weiwen , Ding Ye , You Chengmao , Liao Jianji , Huang Hao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, there have been an increasing number of reports on the shutdown of coastal nuclear power plants because of outbreaks of marine organisms, such as jellyfish and fish. These organisms clog the pipes during an outbreak or when they accumulate near nuclear power plants in coastal regions. The safety of nuclear power plants is threatened by Acetes blooms. Thus, based on the physiology and ecology of Acetes, including the biology, auxology, feeding ecology, population dynamics, environmental suitability and effects of nuclear power plant thermal effluents, three hypotheses were proposed by previous studies to explain the ecological mechanisms of an Acetes bloom: (1) the wintering ground hypothesis, (2) the population dynamics hypothesis and (3) the ecosystem dynamics hypothesis. The main content and prevention measures used in previous studies were introduced and reviewed. Ecological protection combined with relevant environmental protection policies and laws in coastal areas are the long-term goals for the management of Acetes blooms.
Fatal course of undetected Ewing-like sarcoma in a 9-year-old boy with uncharacteristic clinical presentation
Authors: Gotsmy Walther , Neumayer Bettina , Kraus Theo , Zellinger Barbara , Neureiter Daniel , Monticelli Fabio , Meyer Harald , Hofer Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 9-year-old boy collapsed shortly after complaining of shortness of breath. Despite immediate resuscitation measures, the boy died. A few weeks earlier, he had received antibiotic treatment for respiratory infection. However, the post-mortem examination revealed an advanced tumor mass of the mediastinum with infiltration of vital structures, which was identified as a small blue round neoplasm with aspects of an extramedullary Ewing-like sarcoma by supplementary histological and immunohistochemical examinations.This dramatic clinical course of events shows that the possible presence of serious diseases should always be considered behind harmless symptoms, even in children.
Rational complexity of binary sequences, F$\mathbb {Q}$SRs, and pseudo-ultrametric continued fractions in $\mathbb {R}$
Authors: Vielhaber Michael , Canales Chacón Mónica del Pilar , Jara Ceballos Sergio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe introduce rational complexity, a new complexity measure for binary sequences. The sequence s ∈ Bω is considered as binary expansion of a real fraction $s \equiv {\sum }_{k\in \mathbb {N}}s_{k}2^{-k}\in [0,1] \subset \mathbb {R}$
s
≡

∑

k
∈
ℕ

s

k

2

−
k

∈
[
0
,
1
]
⊂
ℝ
. We compute its continued fraction expansion (CFE) by the Binary CFE Algorithm, a bitwise approximation of s by binary search in the encoding space of partial denominators, obtaining rational approximations r of s with r → s. We introduce Feedback in$\mathbb {Q}$
ℚ
Shift Registers (F$\mathbb {Q}$
ℚ
SRs) as the analogue of Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) for the linear complexity L, and Feedback with Carry Shift Registers (FCSRs) for the 2-adic complexity A. We show that there is a substantial subset of prefixes with “typical” linear and 2-adic complexities, around n/2, but low rational complexity. Thus the three complexities sort out different sequences as non-random.
The value of prognostic ultrasound features of breast cancer in different molecular subtypes with a focus on triple negative disease
Authors: Evans Andy , Sim Yee Ting , Lawson Brooke , Macaskill Jane , Jordan Lee , Thompson Alastair 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ultrasound (US) features of breast cancer have recently been shown to have prognostic significance. We aim to assess these features according to molecular subtype. 1140 consecutive US visible invasive breast cancers had US size and mean stiffness by shearwave elastography (SWE) recorded prospectively. Skin thickening (> 2.5 mm) overlying the cancer on US and the presence of posterior echo enhancement were assessed retrospectively while blinded to outcomes. Cancers were classified as luminal, triple negative (TN) or HER2 + ve based on immunohistochemistry and florescent in-situ hybridization. The relationship between US parameters and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) was ascertained using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and ROC analysis. At median follow-up 6.3 year, there were 117 breast cancer (10%) and 132 non-breast deaths (12%). US size was significantly associated with BCSS all groups (area under the curve (AUC) 0.74 in luminal cancers, 0.64 for TN and 0.65 for HER2 + ve cancers). US skin thickening was associated most strongly with poor prognosis in TN cancers (53% vs. 80% 6 year survival, p = 0.0004). Posterior echo enhancement was associated with a poor BCSS in TN cancers (63% vs. 82% 6 year survival, p = 0.02). Mean stiffness at SWE was prognostic in the luminal and HER2 positive groups (AUC 0.69 and 0.63, respectively). In the subgroup of patients with TN cancers receiving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy posterior enhancement and skin thickening were not associated with response. US skin thickening is a poor prognostic indicator is all 3 subtypes studied, while posterior enhancement was associated with poor outcome in TN cancers
Deep-Water Circulation over the Last Two Glacial Cycles Reconstructed from Authigenic Neodymium Isotopes in the Equatorial Indian Ocean (Core HI1808-GPC04)
Authors: Bang Sunhwa , Huh Youngsook , Khim Boo-Keun , Takata Hiroyuki , Ikehara Minoru , Hyeong Kiseong , Seo Inah , Cho HyenGoo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe reconstructed the past deep-water character of the equatorial Indian Ocean using the isotope ratio of neodymium (εNd) in the Fe–Mn coating of mixed-species foraminifera. When compared with previous εNd records at the same site (ODP 758) and at another site to the west (SK 129), the three datasets were consistent and showed glacial-interglacial variations, even though the other two records were extracted from different media (cleaned foraminifera and bulk sediment leach). This confirms that while the foraminiferal coating is the preferred medium for reconstructing past bottom water εNd records, for carbonate-dominated lithologies, weak acid extraction of bulk sediment is also a viable option offering high-resolution capabilities. When the lithology includes volcanic particles or high organics, the extraction protocol may need to be adjusted to guard against detrital contamination or a slight correction may need to be applied. During glacials, the deep waters bathing the equatorial Indian Ocean had a larger AABW component and during interglacials a larger NADW component. Our HI1808-GPC04 record supplements the ODP 758 record in the interval with prominent AABW signal (MIS 6/5 transition and MIS 7) and reveals regional effects in some non-radiogenic intervals. The smaller differences between the HI1808-GPC04/ODP 758 and SK 129 records seem to reflect regional Nd input from river systems and non-radiogenic Nd from the boundaries.
An Extreme Value Bayesian Lasso for the Conditional Left and Right Tails
Authors: de Carvalho M. , Pereira S. , Pereira P. , de Zea Bermudez P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe introduce a novel regression model for the conditional left and right tail of a possibly heavy-tailed response. The proposed model can be used to learn the effect of covariates on an extreme value setting via a Lasso-type specification based on a Lagrangian restriction. Our model can be used to track if some covariates are significant for the lower values, but not for the (right) tail—and vice versa; in addition to this, the proposed model bypasses the need for conditional threshold selection in an extreme value theory framework. We assess the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods through a simulation study that reveals that our method recovers the true conditional distribution over a variety of simulation scenarios, along with being accurate on variable selection. Rainfall data are used to showcase how the proposed method can learn to distinguish between key drivers of moderate rainfall, against those of extreme rainfall. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Cognitive and Affective Empathy Relate Differentially to Emotion Regulation
Authors: Thompson Nicholas M. , van Reekum Carien M. , Chakrabarti Bhismadev 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe constructs of empathy (i.e., understanding and/or sharing another’s emotion) and emotion regulation (i.e., the processes by which one manages emotions) have largely been studied in relative isolation of one another. To better understand the interrelationships between their various component processes, this manuscript reports two studies that examined the relationship between empathy and emotion regulation using a combination of self-report and task measures. In study 1 (N = 137), trait cognitive empathy and affective empathy were found to share divergent relationships with self-reported emotion dysregulation. Trait emotion dysregulation was negatively related to cognitive empathy but did not show a significant relationship with affective empathy. In the second study (N = 92), the magnitude of emotion interference effects (i.e., the extent to which inhibitory control was impacted by emotional relative to neutral stimuli) in variants of a Go/NoGo and Stroop task were used as proxy measures of implicit emotion regulation abilities. Trait cognitive and affective empathy were differentially related to both task metrics. Higher affective empathy was associated with increased emotional interference in the Emotional Go/NoGo task; no such relationship was observed for trait cognitive empathy. In the Emotional Stroop task, higher cognitive empathy was associated with reduced emotional interference; no such relationship was observed for affective empathy. Together, these studies demonstrate that greater cognitive empathy was broadly associated with improved emotion regulation abilities, while greater affective empathy was typically associated with increased difficulties with emotion regulation. These findings point to the need for assessing the different components of empathy in psychopathological conditions marked by difficulties in emotion regulation.
Content and internal structural validity of the motivation for mathematics abbreviated instrument
Authors: Butler Kenneth , Dedrick Robert F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study details the development and initial validation of a 16-item psychometric instrument measuring college students’ motivation for mathematics. The Motivation for Mathematics Abbreviated Instrument (MMAI) consists of four factors (intrinsic motivation, mastery orientation, performance orientation, and expectancy) that were derived from three predominant motivation theories: self-determination, achievement goal, and expectancy value. The instrument development process began with an initial pool of 107 items from existing motivational measures. Input from members of the American Education Research Association (AERA) Special Interest Group (SIG) for Motivation in Education, interviews with students and instructors, and factor analyses of a preliminary (n = 186 post-secondary students) and final administration (n = 386 post-secondary students) of the instrument were used to create the final version of the 16-item measure. Qualitative analyses verified content. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses indicated acceptable fit of the 16-item four-factor model and measurement invariance by gender. We found strong composite reliability. Average variance extracted revealed acceptable internal validity. We conclude that the MMAI is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of motivation that provides a practical and useful tool for classroom-based research into motivation for mathematics.
The Lived Experience of Interdependence: Support Worker Relationships and Implications for Wider Rehabilitation
Authors: Bourke John A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEngaging in a meaningful life where one can exercise autonomy has been proposed as a key aim of rehabilitation. Influenced by a neoliberal worldview, this has traditionally been characterised by a pursuit towards individual functional independence in which one completes tasks and activities unassisted. However for many persons, individual functional independence may not be a realistic, prioritised or beneficial goal. Many individuals must learn to work with support workers to exercise choice and control. Such relationships extend beyond a transactional nature and involve many subtle characteristics. In this article, I draw on my lived experience of partnering with support workers to illustrate the complexity of such relationships and how they can enable interdependence to serve as a vehicle to self-determination. I finish with some ideas about what rehabilitation can do to recognise the important role human connections play in facilitating interdependence. Understanding the nature of these relationships is necessary to provide services which value interdependence, supporting people to pursue a meaningful life following impairment.
The Communication Argument and the Pluralist Challenge
Authors: Wang Shawn Tinghao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVarious theorists have endorsed the “communication argument”: communicative capacities are necessary for morally responsible agency because blameaims ata distinctive kind of moral communication. I contend that existing versions of the argument, including those defended by Gary Watson and Coleen Macnamara, face a pluralist challenge: they do not seem to sit well with the plausible view that blame has multiple aims. I then examine three possible rejoinders to the challenge, suggesting that a context-specific, function-based approach constitutes the most promising modification of the communication argument.
Excursions to the cusps for geometrically finite hyperbolic orbifolds and equidistribution of closed geodesics in regular covers
Authors: MOR RON 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe give a finitary criterion for the convergence of measures on non-elementary geometrically finite hyperbolic orbifolds to the unique measure of maximal entropy. We give an entropy criterion controlling escape of mass to the cusps of the orbifold. Using this criterion, we prove new results on the distribution of collections of closed geodesics on such an orbifold, and as a corollary, we prove the equidistribution of closed geodesics up to a certain length in amenable regular covers of geometrically finite orbifolds.
Influence of phylogeny on the estimation of diet from dental morphology in the Carnivora
Authors: Hopkins Samantha S. B. , Price Samantha A. , Chiono Alec J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBecause teeth are the most easily preserved part of the vertebrate skeleton and are particularly morphologically variable in mammals, studies of fossil mammals rely heavily on dental morphology. Dental morphology is used both for systematics and phylogeny as well as for inferences about paleoecology, diet in particular. We analyze the influence of evolutionary history on our ability to reconstruct diet from dental morphology in the mammalian order Carnivora, and we find that much of our understanding of diet in carnivorans is dependent on the phylogenetic constraints on diet in this clade. Substantial error in estimating diet from dental morphology is present regardless of the morphological data used to make the inference, although more extensive morphological datasets are more accurate in predicting diet than more limited character sets. Unfortunately, including phylogeny in making dietary inferences actually decreases the accuracy of these predictions, showing that dietary predictions from morphology are substantially dependent on the evolutionary constraints on carnivore diet and tooth shape. The “evolutionary ratchet” that drives lineages of carnivorans to evolve greater degrees of hypercarnivory through time actually plays a role in allowing dietary inference from tooth shape, but consequently requires caution in interpreting dietary inference from the teeth fossil carnivores. These difficulties are another reminder of the differences in evolutionary tempo and mode between morphology and ecology.
Taking dyads seriously
Authors: Minhas Shahryar , Dorff Cassy , Gallop Max B. , Foster Margaret , Liu Howard , Tellez Juan , Ward Michael D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInternational relations scholarship concerns dyads, yet standard modeling approaches fail to adequately capture the data generating process behind dyadic events and processes. As a result, they suffer from biased coefficients and poorly calibrated standard errors. We show how a regression-based approach, the Additive and Multiplicative Effects (AME) model, can be used to account for the inherent dependencies in dyadic data and glean substantive insights in the interrelations between actors. First, we conduct a simulation to highlight how the model captures dependencies and show that accounting for these processes improves our ability to conduct inference on dyadic data. Second, we compare the AME model to approaches used in three prominent studies from recent international relations scholarship. For each study, we find that compared to AME, the modeling approach used performs notably worse at capturing the data generating process. Further, conventional methods misstate the effect of key variables and the uncertainty in these effects. Finally, AME outperforms standard approaches in terms of out-of-sample fit. In sum, our work shows the consequences of failing to take the dependencies inherent to dyadic data seriously. Most importantly, by better modeling the data generating process underlying political phenomena, the AME framework improves scholars’ ability to conduct inferential analyses on dyadic data.
Association between panic disorder and childhood adversities: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Joyce , Wiecaszek Patryja , Sami Saber , Meiser-Stedman Richard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of mental health difficulties in general, but the link to panic disorder (PD) has received comparatively little attention. There are no data for the magnitudes between ACEs and PD. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the overall, as well as the subgroups, odds ratio of having PD in adults who report ACEs, compared to adults who do not.MethodsThe study was pre-registered on PROSPERO [CRD42018111506] and the database was searched in June 2021. In order to overcome the violation of independent assumptions due to multiple estimations from the same samples, we utilized a robust variance estimation model that supports meta-analysis for clustered estimations. Accordingly, an advanced method relaxing the distributional and asymptotic assumptions was used to assess publication bias and sensitivity.ResultsThe literature search and screening returned 34 final studies, comprising 192,182 participants. Ninety-six estimations of 20 types of ACEs were extracted. Pooled ORs are: overall 2.2, CI (1.82–2.58), sexual abuse 1.92, CI (1.37–2.46), physical abuse 1.71, CI (1.37–2.05), emotional abuse 1.61, CI (0.868–2.35), emotional neglect 1.53, CI (0.756–2.31), parental alcoholism 1.83, CI (1.24–2.43), and parental separation/loss 1.82, CI (1.14–2.50). No between-group difference was identified by either sociolegal classification (abuse, neglect, household dysfunction) or threat-deprivation dimensions (high on threat, high on deprivation and mixed).ConclusionsThere are links of mild to medium strength between overall ACEs and PD as well as individual ACEs. The homogeneous effect sizes across ACEs either suggest the effects of ACEs on PD are comparable, or raised the question whether the categorical or dimensional approaches to classifying ACEs are the definitive ways to conceptualize the impact of ACEs on later mental health.
Foreshadowing the Civil Rights Counter-Revolution
Authors: Jenkins Jeffery A. , Peck Justin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAfter overseeing the adoption of two landmark civil rights proposals in 1964 and 1965, the Johnson administration and its allies in Congress sought to implement the third item of its broader agenda: a legal prohibition on racial discrimination in the sale and rental of housing. Enacting fair housing legislation, however, proved to be a vexing process. Advocates had to win support from northern White Democrats skeptical of the policy, as well as Republicans who were often (and increasingly) unreliable allies. Fair housing legislation failed in 1966 (89th Congress) but passed two years later, during the 90th Congress. We provide a legislative policy history detailing how, after three tumultuous years, Congress came to enact the fair housing provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Overall, the battle to enact fair housing legislation presaged a dynamic that would take hold as the Great Society gave way to the Nixon years: once federal civil rights policies started to bear directly on the lives of White northerners, they became much harder to pass and implement. It also showcased the moment at which the Republican Party in Congress first moved to the right on civil rights and explicitly adopted a position of racial conservatism.