bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the reminding account of the lag effect in L2 vocabulary learning
Authors: Koval Natalie G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch has produced mixed findings regarding the effects of spacing L2 study. In order to know how this potentially very powerful learning tool can be useful, it is important to understand the cognitive mechanisms that drive the effects in L2 learning and how the operation of these mechanisms may be affected by variables relevant for SLA contexts. In this study, I examine the contribution of the dual mechanism of successful effortful retrieval during study to the lag effect in foreign vocabulary learning from L2-L1 retrieval practice. I additionally investigate the effects of feedback study time on the operation of the two cognitive mechanisms under investigation. Native speakers of English studied Finnish vocabulary during L2-L1 retrieval practice in paired-associate learning while their response latencies and accuracy were recorded. Results suggest that: (a) successful effortful retrieval underlies benefits of spacing L2-L1 retrieval practice: even with immediate feedback study, the benefits of effort are conditional on retrieval success; (b) successful retrieval is more beneficial than unsuccessful retrieval, contrary to proposals where this was not directly tested; and (c) imposing longer study time externally has little benefit, unlike what has been previously found with learner-regulated longer study time. Implications for L2 learning and teaching are discussed.
Consistent disjunctive sequent calculi and Scott domains
Authors: Wang Longchun , Li Qingguo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on the framework of disjunctive propositional logic, we first provide a syntactic representation for Scott domains. Precisely, we establish a category of consistent disjunctive sequent calculi with consequence relations, and show it is equivalent to that of Scott domains with Scott-continuous functions. Furthermore, we illustrate the approach to solving recursive domain equations by introducing some standard domain constructions, such as lifting and sums. The subsystems relation on consistent finitary disjunctive sequent calculi makes these domain constructions continuous. Solutions to recursive domain equations are given by constructing the least fixed point of a continuous function.
AN UNKNOWN TRIBUTE BY FARINELLI TO KING PHILIP V OF SPAIN
Authors: TUFANO LUCIO 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTCarlo Broschi, better known as Farinelli, arrived in Madrid on 7 August 1737. King Philip V and his wife Elisabeth Farnese were deeply impressed by his vocal qualities and invited him to remain in their service, on extremely rewarding terms. Although few sources concerning his first months in Spain are available, a newly discovered libretto, L'ombra di Luigi XIV il Grande, sheds light on his position at the Spanish court and his response to the privileged situation he enjoyed. The work is a short solo cantata commissioned by Farinelli and offered to Philip V for his name day in 1738. The title-page indicates Francesco Feo as the composer, but no sources for the musical setting have yet been located, nor any information about a performance of the work. This article examines the content of the cantata's text and situates it within what is known about the life of Farinelli. It also reconstructs in detail the literary career of the author of the text, Giuseppe di Rosa, who was also a magistrate and historian. Additionally, it links the genesis of this encomiastic piece with the activity of Giovanni Battista Filomarino, Neapolitan ambassador at the court of Madrid.
Using Meteorite Magnetism to Understand the History of Our Solar System: A Decade of Progress and Upcoming Challenges
Authors: Nichols Claire I. O. 
Published: August 2021

Key Points

High spatial and magnetic moment sensitivity microscopy techniques have revolutionized meteorite paleomagnetism in the last decade

Fu et al. (2021) used quantum diamond microscopy to reinterpret the magnetization of Allende with implications for the protoplanetary disk

Further work is required to interpret extraterrestrial paleomagnetic remanences, and how to recover reliable paleointensity estimates
Investigating the Coupled Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere (M‐I‐T) System's Responses to the 20 November 2003 Superstorm
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUtilizing multi‐satellite/instrument observations, we investigate the November 20 2003 Superstorm's impacts on the forward fountain, the duskside and dawnside subauroral flows, and the chemical makeup of the ionospheric plasma. New results show that the nightside forward fountain became active before local midnight and soon after the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turned southward at ∼12 UT and remained active for the rest of 20 November and early 21 November. The fountain‐related strong equatorial upward E × B drift lifted up the F2 layer above ∼391 km altitude creating low plasma densities at equatorial and low latitudes. In both hemispheres, the large convection and subauroral electric (E) fields drove plasmaspheric erosions eroding the mid‐ and high‐latitude ionosphere poleward of the plasmapause. On the duskside and dawnside, the subauroral E field drove the Subauroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) in the sunward direction. As our southern cases show, the SAPS E field changed the ionospheric plasma's chemical makeup by locally enhancing the NO+ content and thus decreasing the O/N2 content associated with depleted plasma densities. We conclude that in the strongly coupled Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere system, the plasmaspheric erosion had a primary role in depleting the ionospheric plasma. Furthermore, the solar wind pressure disturbances during the long‐lasting southward IMF orientation led to the development of conjugate duskside and dawnside sunward SAPS flows, and SAPS flows contributed to the ionospheric plasma's depletion by increasing the NO+ content as our southern cases show. For the first time, correlated multi‐satellite observations show the dawnside sunward SAPS flows in latitudes and in longitudes.
Planetary Period Oscillations of Saturn’s Dayside Equatorial Ionospheric Electron Density Observed on Cassini’s Proximal Passes
Authors: Provan G. , Cowley S. W. H. , Bunce E. J. , Milan S. E. , Persoon A. M. , Gurnett D. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe examine electron density data obtained in Saturn’s dayside equatorial ionosphere during Cassini’s proximal periapsis passes, specifically data derived from wave spectra, for evidence of modulation with the planetary period oscillations (PPOs) observed ubiquitously throughout Saturn’s magnetosphere. Clear evidence is found on northern hemisphere inbound passes where northern system modulations occur in the ionospheric diffusive layer peaking at a factor of ∼7 at ∼3,200 km altitude, extending at lesser factors to ∼7,000 km altitude in the transport region. Simultaneous southern system modulations by factors ∼1.5–2.5 are also found above ∼3,400 km. Factor of ∼4–10 northern system modulations are also detected in the diffusive layer and transport regions to ∼6,000 km in the outbound pass data, though southern system modulations were not clearly discerned within the data scatter. Modulations were not detected in the photochemical equilibrium layer at altitudes ∼1,600–2,200 km. Where clear modulations were observed, their phases in the diffusive layer were close to those of the principal PPO meridians (determined previously from near‐apoapsis nightside magnetic data) for both systems, moving to somewhat earlier PPO phases by a few tens of degrees in the transport region. Comparison with magnetic oscillation phases determined directly from proximal pass data shows that electron density maxima occur ∼30°–50° earlier than azimuthal field maxima for both systems, ∼140°–160° earlier than colatitudinal field maxima for the northern system, nearer to antiphase than to leading quadrature, and ∼50°–70° later than colatitudinal field maxima for the southern system, somewhat less than lagging quadrature.
Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in the Epipelagic Northwest Pacific Low‐Latitude Western Boundary Current System: Insights From Optical Analyses
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Yizhen , Li Yan , Zhou Hui , Stubbins Aron , Dahlgren Randy A. , Wang Zhiheng , Guo Weidong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh‐resolution horizontal and vertical distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chromophoric, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (CDOM and FDOM) were investigated in the western boundary current system of the tropical Northwest Pacific (<200 m) in autumn 2017. A strong correlation between DOC and stratification index indicated that the vertical DOC profile was primarily regulated by physical processes. The association of high aCDOM(254) with the maximum chlorophyll (Chl a) layer infers phytoplankton‐sourced dissolved organic matter (DOM). The aCDOM(325) and humic‐like FDOM (FDOMH) showed an accumulation in the deeper layer and positive correlations with apparent oxygen utilization and Chl a concentration at the maximum chlorophyll layer, suggesting that these components are related to microbial degradation of biogenic materials. Elevated Chl a at the frontal area between the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and cold Mindanao Eddy enhanced DOM production. Input waters from the NEC showed higher DOC, but lower FDOMH, than inflow waters from the New Guinea Coastal Current/Undercurrent (NGC(U)C). A mass balance model estimated a 6‐times higher lateral DOC flux from the NEC tropical‐gyre branch (12°N–7.5°N) than that from the subtropical‐gyre branch (12°N–17°N). Based on comparison with long‐term (1994–2015) average DOC fluxes for the same season, eddy and upstream processes contributed 38%, 46% and 40% of lateral DOC fluxes for the NEC tropical‐gyre branch, NGC(U)C and export North Equatorial Counter Current, respectively. These results demonstrated that the quasi‐permanent Mindanao and Halmahera eddies greatly enhance lateral export of DOM with altered properties throughout this large conjunction area.
Climate and Landscape Controls on the Water Balance in Temperate Forest Ecosystems: Testing Large Scale Controls on Undisturbed Catchments in the Central Appalachian Mountains of the US
Authors: Guillén Luis Andrés , Fernández Rodrigo , Gaertner Brandi , Zégre Nicolas Pierre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe long‐term water balance of catchments is given by precipitation partitioned into either runoff or evaporation. Understanding precipitation partitioning controls is a critical focus of hydrology and water resources management. A useful theoretical framework that serves their understanding is the Budyko Framework. Our purpose is to understand how Budyko's n parameter is related to different controls and what is its relevance to precipitation partitioning. We investigated the relative importance of the dryness index and the Budyko parameter for precipitation partitioning, then applied partial correlation analysis and multivariate regressions to find out which were the principal partitioning controls. We focused our research in the central Appalachian mountains located in the eastern United States, considered as water towers to metropolitan areas in the eastern and mid‐western US (e.g., Pittsburgh, Washington DC), and selected a set of catchments characterized by minimal human disturbance and with large proportions of temperate forests. We found that climate controls such as mean annual temperature and fraction of precipitation falling in the form of snow exert a higher influence on partitioning than landscape controls (e.g., forest cover, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and slope). Thus, the importance of vegetation as a primary driver of partitioning could not be confirmed based on regional or basin‐wide characteristics. On the other hand, the influence of topography, and elevation in particular, was highly ranked as important. Our study highlights that partitioning controls could differ between basins in the same climate region, especially in a complex, mountainous topography setting.
Using Complex Probability Amplitudes to Simulate Solute Transport in Composite Porous Media
Authors: Engdahl Nicholas B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProbability amplitudes are fundamental to quantum mechanics and offer robust descriptions of complicated systems, which have allowed physicists to explain behaviors inaccessible to classical physics. This article ponders how some of the same conceptual underpinnings of the mathematics used for modeling quantum systems might be applied to subsurface water resources problems and speculates how these tools could facilitate applications on quantum computers. A probability amplitude‐based model for describing advective‐dispersive transport in porous media using linear operators is investigated. The proposed complex valued model decomposes spreading into two “sub‐continuum partial dispersion” coefficients, and this recovers classical spreading when the sum of these coefficients is the Fickian dispersion coefficient. However, the probability amplitudes have a many‐to‐one relationship to a probability distribution, so it embeds a level of heterogeneity into seemingly equivalent functions. Two propagators with different sub‐continuum coefficients may have the same macroscopic behavior when either is considered in isolation, but when they act on the other the system’s behavior changes. Differences in the amplitudes cause a reduction in spreading as velocity correlations are disrupted, despite both propagators having identical dispersion coefficients, and this cannot be achieved using classical methods without changing the dispersion coefficient. The main point is that these amplitude‐based models offer a way to embed information about the system into the propagators, instead of just “averaging it out” when making an upscaled model.
Electrochemical micro-aptasensors for exosome detection based on hybridization chain reaction amplification
Authors: Zhang Wenfen , Tian Zhenhua , Yang Shujie , Rich Joseph , Zhao Shuaiguo , Klingeborn Mikael , Huang Po-Hsun , Li Zhishang , Stout Alexander , Murphy Quinn , Patz Edward , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Guozhen , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that have recently gained popularity as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsies due to the large amounts of molecular cargo they carry, such as nucleic acids and proteins. However, most existing exosome-based analytical sensing methods struggle to achieve high sensitivity and high selectivity simultaneously. In this work, we present an electrochemical micro-aptasensor for the highly sensitive detection of exosomes by integrating a micropatterned electrochemical aptasensor and a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) signal amplification method. Specifically, exosomes are enriched on CD63 aptamer-functionalized electrodes and then recognized by HCR products with avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) attached using EpCAM aptamers as bridges. Subsequently, the current signal that is generated through the enzyme reaction between the HRP enzyme and 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)/H2O2 directly correlates to the amount of bound HRP on the HCR products and thus to the number of target exosomes. By introducing anti-EpCAM aptamers, micro-aptasensors can detect cancerous exosomes with high specificity. Due to the micropatterned electrodes and HCR dual-amplification strategy, the micro-aptasensors achieve a linear detection response for a wide range of exosome concentrations from 2.5×103 to 1×107 exosomes/mL, with a detection limit of 5×102 exosomes/mL. Moreover, our method successfully detects lung cancer exosomes in serum samples of early-stage and late-stage lung cancer patients, showcasing the great potential for early cancer diagnosis.
Measuring expression heterogeneity of single-cell cytoskeletal protein complexes
Authors: Vlassakis Julea , Hansen Louise L. , Higuchi-Sanabria Ryo , Zhou Yun , Tsui C. Kimberly , Dillin Andrew , Huang Haiyan , Herr Amy E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultimeric cytoskeletal protein complexes orchestrate normal cellular function. However, protein-complex distributions in stressed, heterogeneous cell populations remain unknown. Cell staining and proximity-based methods have limited selectivity and/or sensitivity for endogenous multimeric protein-complex quantification from single cells. We introduce micro-arrayed, differential detergent fractionation to simultaneously detect protein complexes in hundreds of individual cells. Fractionation occurs by 60 s size-exclusion electrophoresis with protein complex-stabilizing buffer that minimizes depolymerization. Proteins are measured with a ~5-hour immunoassay. Co-detection of cytoskeletal protein complexes in U2OS cells treated with filamentous actin (F-actin) destabilizing Latrunculin A detects a unique subpopulation (~2%) exhibiting downregulated F-actin, but upregulated microtubules. Thus, some cells may upregulate other cytoskeletal complexes to counteract the stress of Latrunculin A treatment. We also sought to understand the effect of non-chemical stress on cellular heterogeneity of F-actin. We find heat shock may dysregulate filamentous and globular actin correlation. In this work, our assay overcomes selectivity limitations to biochemically quantify single-cell protein complexes perturbed with diverse stimuli.
Live cell tagging tracking and isolation for spatial transcriptomics using photoactivatable cell dyes
Authors: Genshaft Alex S , Ziegler Carly G. K. , Tzouanas Constantine N. , Mead Benjamin E. , Jaeger Alex M. , Navia Andrew W. , King Ryan P. , Mana Miyeko D. , Huang Siyi , Mitsialis Vanessa , Snapper Scott B. , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Jacks Tyler , Van Humbeck Jeffrey F. , Shalek Alex K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA cell’s phenotype and function are influenced by dynamic interactions with its microenvironment. To examine cellular spatiotemporal activity, we developed SPACECAT—Spatially PhotoActivatable Color Encoded Cell Address Tags—to annotate, track, and isolate cells while preserving viability. In SPACECAT, samples are stained with photocaged fluorescent molecules, and cells are labeled by uncaging those molecules with user-patterned near-UV light. SPACECAT offers single-cell precision and temporal stability across diverse cell and tissue types. Illustratively, we target crypt-like regions in patient-derived intestinal organoids to enrich for stem-like and actively mitotic cells, matching literature expectations. Moreover, we apply SPACECAT to ex vivo tissue sections from four healthy organs and an autochthonous lung tumor model. Lastly, we provide a computational framework to identify spatially-biased transcriptome patterns and enriched phenotypes. This minimally perturbative and broadly applicable method links cellular spatiotemporal and/or behavioral phenotypes with diverse downstream assays, enabling insights into the connections between tissue microenvironments and (dys)function.
TMEM16F and dynamins control expansive plasma membrane reservoirs
Authors: Deisl Christine , Hilgemann Donald W. , Syeda Ruhma , Fine Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCells can expand their plasma membrane laterally by unfolding membrane undulations and by exocytosis. Here, we describe a third mechanism involving invaginations held shut by the membrane adapter, dynamin. Compartments open when Ca activates the lipid scramblase, TMEM16F, anionic phospholipids escape from the cytoplasmic monolayer in exchange for neutral lipids, and dynamins relax. Deletion of TMEM16F or dynamins blocks expansion, with loss of dynamin expression generating a maximally expanded basal plasma membrane state. Re-expression of dynamin2 or its GTPase-inactivated mutant, but not a lipid binding mutant, regenerates reserve compartments and rescues expansion. Dynamin2-GFP fusion proteins form punctae that rapidly dissipate from these compartments during TMEM16F activation. Newly exposed compartments extend deeply into the cytoplasm, lack numerous organellar markers, and remain closure-competent for many seconds. Without Ca, compartments open slowly when dynamins are sequestered by cytoplasmic dynamin antibodies or when scrambling is mimicked by neutralizing anionic phospholipids and supplementing neutral lipids. Activation of Ca-permeable mechanosensitive channels via cell swelling or channel agonists opens the compartments in parallel with phospholipid scrambling. Thus, dynamins and TMEM16F control large plasma membrane reserves that open in response to lateral membrane stress and Ca influx.
A unified model of human hemoglobin switching through single-cell genome editing
Authors: Shen Yong , Verboon Jeffrey M. , Zhang Yuannyu , Liu Nan , Kim Yoon Jung , Marglous Samantha , Nandakumar Satish K. , Voit Richard A. , Fiorini Claudia , Ejaz Ayesha , Basak Anindita , Orkin Stuart H. , Xu Jian , Sankaran Vijay G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKey mechanisms of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) regulation and switching have been elucidated through studies of human genetic variation, including mutations in the HBG1/2 promoters, deletions in the β-globin locus, and variation impacting BCL11A. While this has led to substantial insights, there has not been a unified understanding of how these distinct genetically-nominated elements, as well as other key transcription factors such as ZBTB7A, collectively interact to regulate HbF. A key limitation has been the inability to model specific genetic changes in primary isogenic human hematopoietic cells to uncover how each of these act individually and in aggregate. Here, we describe a single-cell genome editing functional assay that enables specific mutations to be recapitulated individually and in combination, providing insights into how multiple mutation-harboring functional elements collectively contribute to HbF expression. In conjunction with quantitative modeling and chromatin capture analyses, we illustrate how these genetic findings enable a comprehensive understanding of how distinct regulatory mechanisms can synergistically modulate HbF expression.
Male sperm storage impairs sperm quality in the zebrafish
Authors: Cattelan Silvia , Gasparini Clelia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVariation in sperm traits is widely documented both at inter- and intraspecific level. However, sperm traits vary also between ejaculates of the same male, due for example, to fluctuations in female availability. Variability in the opportunities to mate can indeed have important consequences for sperm traits, as it determines how often sperm are used, and thus the rate at which they are produced and how long they are stored before the mating. While being stored within males’ bodies, sperm are subjected to ageing due to oxidative stress. Sperm storage may significantly impair sperm quality, but evidence linking male sperm storage and variation in sperm traits is still scarce. Here, we tested the effect of the duration of sperm storage on within-male variation in sperm traits in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. We found that without mating opportunities, sperm number increased as storage duration increased, indicating that sperm continue to be produced and accumulate over time within males without being discharged in another way. Long sperm storage (12 days) was associated with an overall impairment in sperm quality, namely sperm motility, sperm longevity, and sperm DNA fragmentation, indicating that sperm aged, and their quality declined during storage. Our results confirm that male sperm storage may generate substantial variation in sperm phenotype, a source of variation which is usually neglected but that should be accounted for in experimental protocols aiming to assay sperm traits or maximise fertilization success.