bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Genistein Synthesis for Use as a Certified Reference Material
Authors: Zhigalina A. A. , Dudarev V. G. , Tikhonova V. V. , Strelova O. Yu. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The use of certified reference materials (CRMs) ensures metrological traceability and comparability of analysis results performed in different laboratories, by different analysts, at different times. Genistein is a promising substance with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action. genistein is widely used in dietary supplements. Development of regulatory documents for CRM of genistein will ensure the quality of drugs and dietary supplements.Aim. Aim of our study is to improve of the ways of synthesis and determination of spectrum characteristics of genistein for the certification of CRM.Materials and methods. We used synthetic genistein, (Ph.D. V. Yu. Kovtun SPC "Pharmzashchita") (sample № 1) and genistein synthesized and studied at the departments of pharmaceutical chemistry and chemical technology of medicinal substances SPCPU (sample № 2). Infrared spectra of genistein samples were collected on an FSM 1201 infrared Fourier spectrometer (OOO Infraspek, Russia) via KBr pellets technique. All the spectra were collected in the 4000–500 cm−1 range. The NMR (1H and 13C) measurements were performed with a BrukerAvance III NMR spectrometer (400 and 100 MHz) (Bruker, Germany) in DMSO-d6 solvent. Raman spectra were recorded by an ORTES-785TRS-2700 analytical Raman scattering system at a laser power of 100 mW (OPTEC JSC, Russia). Laser interaction time was 5, 10, 20 and 60 seconds. The results were processed using the software "BWSpec 4.10_4", USA. GC-MS was performed on an Agilent Technologies 7890A gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA) with a 7693 autoinjector and a Hewlett Packard 5975C mass selective detector.Results and discussion. The synthesis was carried out according to the developer's method. The stage "removal of the alkyl protection" has been improved. The spectra of the synthesis intermediate of genistein (biochanin A) correspond to the literature data. Samples of genistein were investigated by methods: MC and NMR 13С, 1Н. The structure of the investigated substance was confirmed; Raman and IR spectroscopy showed that the spectra of the samples do not differ from each other and there are no additional signals.Conclusion. The spectrum characteristics of samples of genistein were obtained by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy, which will be used in the regulatory documentation for CRM of genistein. All of this will make it possible to control the quality of medicines based on it and to identify substandard dietary supplements.
Changes in rat liver fatty acid profile in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Shustov E. B. , Bunjat A. V. , Platonova A. G. , Spasenkova O. M. , Kirillova N. V. , Ivkin D. Yu. , Okovityi S. V. , Kimaev A. N. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a clinically progressive morphological form of NAFLD, ranks second in the list of reasons for liver transplantation in the adult population. In the pathogenesis of this disease, metabolism and distribution of free fatty acids (FFA) play an important role. A large number of studies have established that the level of FFA in peripheral blood directly correlates with the severity of NASH, but it is still unclear what effect fluctuations in the profile of fatty acids (FA) in the liver have in steatohepatitis.Aim. Study of changes in the profile of fatty acids in the liver of laboratory animals with experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 17 white outbred male rats, which were randomized into two groups – intact (n = 6) and control (steatohepatitis) (n = 11). Steatohepatitis was modeled by 12-month use of a hypercaloric high-fat diet against the background of hypodynamia. The content of fatty acids in the liver was determined in the reaction of methanolysis and extraction with a hexane mixture of their methyl esters. The LC was separated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Calibration for quantitative calculation was carried out with deuterated tridecanoic acid. The content of saturated and monounsaturated higher FAs, their aldehydes and hydroxy derivatives, as well as sterols were studied.Results and discussion. A total decrease in the content of FFA in the liver of animals with steatohepatitis was revealed. The most significant decrease occurred mainly in the class of monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Also, a significant decrease in the activity of Δ9-desaturase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated FAs from their precursor with the same carbon chain length, was revealed, which was manifested by a significant decrease in their amount in the liver. There were no statistically significant changes in the levels of aldehydes and hydroxy acids between the study groups, as well as in the level of sterols (except for cholesterol, the content of which decreased significantly).Conclusion. Thus, in the liver of rats with steatohepatitis caused by a combination of a hypercaloric diet and hypodynamia, statistically significant changes in the profile and concentration of fatty acids were found in comparison with healthy animals. The demonstrated shifts in FA composition may reflect both adaptive and pathological changes in the liver of animals with NAFLD and require further study.
Prediction of the composition of prolonged release tablets based on 4,4'-(propandiamido) sodium dibenzoate using the SeDeM method
Authors: Kotsur Ju. M. , Ladytko Ju. M. , Narkevich I. A. , Flisyuk E. V. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Direct compression technology is one of the most common tablet technologies. As known, many active pharmaceutical ingredients are not suitable for this technology without the addition of special excipients. A useful tool for determining the suitability of powdered materials for direct compression technology is the Sediment Delivery Model (SeDeM) method, based on the concept of Quality by Design. The presented method allows not only to assess the suitability of a material for direct compression, but also helps to predict the composition of a solid dosage form in the form of a tablet, which, in turn, leads to a significant reduction in experimental work carried out in the development of a new drug.Aim. Prediction of the compositions of matrix tablets based on sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate with prolonged release, obtained by direct compression using the method of mathematical modeling SeDeM.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were the original substance sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate, as well as a number of auxiliary substances, which included polymers used for dosage forms with prolonged release, a dusting component – magnesium stearate, and a filler – lactose monohydrate. Physicochemical and technological properties of APIs, explosives, obtained tablet mixtures and tablets were studied in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV ed. and EP 9th ed.Results and discussion. The properties of the substance and excipients were assessed in accordance with the SeDeM method. It was found that the substance 4,4'-(propanediamido) sodium dibenzoate is not suitable for direct pressing due to poor flowability and low compressibility. Hypromellose Methocel K4M had good compressibility, but it did not have sufficient flowability. The other tested polymers had satisfactory properties for the direct compression technology. The composition of the tablet mixtures was calculated using the SeDeM method, the obtained tablet mixtures had satisfactory technological characteristics for obtaining tablets by direct compression. The tablets obtained as a result of the experiment also met the pharmacopoeial requirements.Conclusion. Prediction of the composition of sustained-release tablets based on the original substance sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate was carried out using the SeDeM method. It was found that this method is suitable for the development of the composition of tablets based on sodium 4,4'-(propanediamido)dibenzoate.
Development of the composition and technology of a combined gel for the treatment of osteoarthritis with a pharmacological rationale for the content of components
Authors: Nogaeva U. V. , Kotsur Ju. M. , Flisyuk E. V. , Ivkin D. Yu. , Semivelichenko E. D. , Titovich I. A. , Narkevich I. A. , Antonov V. G. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that affects more than 10 % of the world's population. More than 600 000 people are diagnosed for the first time each year, but these data do not reflect the true prevalence of the disease, since not all patients seek help from hospitals [1, 2].Aim. Pharmaceutical development of the composition and technology of a gel based on meloxicam, a purine derivative and an immunomodulating component for the treatment of OA with pharmacological substantiation of the content of active substances.Materials and methods. A combination of three active pharmaceutical substances was studied: a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug – meloxicam, a purine derivative and an original immunomodulator M. Sodium alginate, natrozole and xanthan gum were considered as gelling agents. Were identified two technological modes of obtaining a gel base. The concentrations of active substances were selected based on the results of preclinical studies. OA was modeled by the combined administration of 0.1 ml of a mixture of Freund's complete adjuvant with a 10 % talc suspension in isotonic sodium chloride solution in a ratio of 1 : 10 into the hock (tarsus) joint cavity. The criteria for choosing the optimal composition of the gel were the size of the damaged joint, exercise tolerance and the histological picture in comparison with intact and control animals. For quantitative data, sample mean values (M) and standard deviations (SD) were calculated. The results corresponded to the laws of normal distribution, statistical processing was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) using the GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software, USA at the level of statistical significance of differences p < 0,05 и p < 0,001.Results and discussion. The composition was developed and the technology of the topical dosage form based on sodium alginate was proposed. Preclinical data indicate that the highest efficacy is achieved when using a formulation containing 3 % purine derivative, 5 % immunomodulator M and 0.5 % meloxicam. The developed composition for the effectiveness of suppressing the symptoms of OA showed results that exceeded the reference drug.Conclusion. An original combined agent for the treatment of OA has been developed. Due to the selected component composition, with greater efficiency, it was possible to reduce the dosage of meloxicam to 0.5 %, and the use of sodium alginate as a gelling agent contributed to the prolongation of the action of the gel and the subsequent reduction in the number of applications.
Development of a mafedine lyophilizate for parenteral use
Authors: Terenteva O. A. , Vainshtein V. A. , Tikhonova V. V. , Whaley A. K. , Trofimov M. A. , Prikhodko V. A. , Shigarova L. V. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the most important medical and social problem of modern neurology because they have the highest rates of morbidity, mortality and disablement in the population. The growing incidence of CVD as a result of an aging population worldwide requires the emergent development of therapeutics, diagnostic and preventive tools. However, the development of drugs for the treatment of brain diseases has limitations due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain against most molecules from the bloodstream entering the central nervous system. At the St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist mafedine was synthesized, which has mild psychostimulant and anxiogenic effects and which may be used in the treatment of traumatic brain injury as a neuroprotective agent.Aim. The development of a dosage form of mafedine in order to improve its penetration into the central nervous system.Materials and methods. Mafedine (pharmaceutical substance) [6-oxo-1-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-4-olate sodium] (St. Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia); lecithin, span-60, Tween-80, Poloxamer 188, mannitol, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, methylene chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid. The fine emulsion of mafedine was obtained by ultrasound. The dosage form of mafedine was obtained by freeze drying. Residual solvents were determined by gas chromatography. Quantitative analysis of mafedine was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Particle size and zeta potential of emulsion were determined on a Zetasizer Nano ZS.Results and discussion. Lyophilizate of mafedine was obtained and presenting as a light yellow porous, odorless tablet. The average mass of dry tablet was (0,17 ± 0,01) g with mafedine content is (26 ± 1) mg. The water content in the lyophilizate was 3,85 %. The quantity of methylene chloride in the lyophilizate correspond to the requirements for residual solvent content. The reconstitution time of lyophilizate into a primary emulsion was 3–5 seconds. The reconstituted dispersion was yellow, odorless, and did not break within 2 days during storage. The pH of the reconstituted emulsion was 7,34. The average particle size was (164,7 ± 6,4) nm, the zeta potential was –32 mV.Conclusion. The developed dosage form is stable according to its physicochemical and pharmaceutical characteristics and is suitable for experimental study on models as a neuroprotective and neurorehabilitation agent.
Kesalahan dan Miskonsepsi dalam Aljabar
Authors: Rahayu Suning , Setyawati Dwi Utami , Febrilia Baiq Rika Ayu 
Published: December 2021

Penyelidikan kesalahan dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi yang muncul karena salah satu sumber kesalahan adalah miskonsepsi. Dengan kata lain, miskonsepsi dapat dilacak melalui penyelidikan kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa ketika menyelesaikan permasalahan tertentu. Identifikasi miskonsepsi akan lebih bermakna apabila dipelajari lebih lanjut mengapa miskonsepsi ini bisa terjadi dan bagaimana guru harus membuat tindak lanjut dari permasalahan ini sehingga permasalahan serupa tidak akan terulang pada siswa-siswa yang lain. Melalui penyelidikan latar belakang terjadinya miskonsepsi ini guru diharapkan mampu membangun strategi pembelajaran yang dapat meminimalisir terjadinya kesalahpahaman siswa. Artikel ini menyajikan tentang kesalahan dan miskonsepsi yang kerap kali dilakukan oleh siswa dalam materi aljabar. Jenis-jenis kesalahan yang muncul ditinjau melalui studi temuan-temuan penelitian sebelumnya. Untuk mengetahui apakah kesalahan ini juga terjadi pada siswa di NTB, kami melakukan wawancara guru tentang kesalahan apa yang sering dilakukan siswa, penyebab terjadinya dan langkah apa yang dilakukan guru untuk mengantisipasinya. Setelah itu, dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi apa saja yang muncul melalui kesalahan tersebut.
Respon Guru SD melalui Training of Teacher untuk Meningkatkan Kecapakan Matematis di Era Revolusi 4.0
Authors: Nurhayati Mira , Wijaya Aldi Putra , Rahmadhani Fitri , Situmorang Gresilia , Mukarromah Nizzah Aulia Ahsanah , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Sukmaningthias Novika , Nuraeni Zuli 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui Respon Guru SD melalui Training of Teacher untuk Meningkatkan Kecapakan Matematis di Era Revolusi 4.0. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif dengan melibatkan subjek sebanyak 6 guru SD Negeri 7 Lawang Kidul. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan cara angket setelah dilakukan pelatihan kepada guru selama 6 hari. Angket yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan angket dengan jawaban terbuka. Pada angket memuat perihal refleksi dari pelatihan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Data-data yang telah didapat kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara Kualitatif Non Statistik yaitu, tanpa adanya perhitungan statistik, lalu hasil pada penelitian ini akan dideskripsikan melalui kalimat yang akan ditarik kesimpulannya. Hasil penelitian dari dilaksanakannya Training of Teachers (ToT) untuk meningkatkan kecakapan guru diihat dari data analisis dan pembahasan diperoleh bahwa guru telah mendapatkan beberapa informasi mengenai kecakapan yang diperlukan pada era revolusi industri 4.0 diantaranya belajar matematika dengan praktik, menggunakan media pembelajaran yang bervariasi, dan pengetahuan bahwa ketika seorang guru matematika yang mengajar itu harus menjadi seorang guru yang menyenangkan dan bisa menjelaskan materi pembelajaran matematika dengan cara yang menarik.
ARŞİV BELGELERİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE İNÖNÜ MUHAREBELERİNİN KAZANILMASINDA TÜRK HAVACILARININ KATKISI
Authors: KAPUCU Davud 
Published: December 2021

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nı Osmanlı Devleti adına bitiren Mondros Mütarekesinden sonra İtilaf devletleri tarafından Anadolu işgal edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu işgal furyasına Paris Barış Konferansı sonrasında Yunanistan da dahil olmuştur. Yunanlar 15 Mayıs 1919’da İzmir ve çevresini işgal etmek için Batı Anadoluya asker çıkarmıştır.İzmir'in Yunanlar tarafından işgal edilmesi Türk milleti adına yeni bir mücadelenin başlangıç noktası olmuştur. İtilaf devletlerinin haksız işgalleri üzerine Türk Milleti Mustafa Kemal Paşa (Atatürk) önderliğinde Millî Mücadeleyi başlatmıştır.
Millî Mücadele öncelikle çeteler hâlinde düşmanla mücadele yapan düzensiz direniş örgütleri olan Kuvayı Milliye ile şekillenmiştir. Ancak Kuvayı Milliyenin teşkilatlı ve disiplinli bir yapı olmaması ihtiyaçlarını zorla ve baskı yoluyla halktan karşılaması ve en önemlisi Batı Anadoludaki yunan ilerleyişini Gediz Muharebeleri’nde durduramaması lağvedilmesine yol açmıştır. Bu kapsamda 8 Kasım 1920’de alınan kararla TBMM tarafından teşkilatlı ve örgütlü bir yapı olarak düzenli ordu kurulmuştur.
TBMM’nin kurduğu düzenli ordu emrine girmek istemeyen Kuvayı Milliye şeflerinden Çerkez Ethem tarafından bir isyan çıkarılmıştır. TBMM, Çerkez Ethem isyanını bastırmak için uğraşırken Yunan kuvvetleri de ilgili isyandan faydalanarak Anadolu’daki işgal alanlarını genişletmek ve Millî Mücadeleye son vermek amacıyla 6 Ocak 1921 tarihinde Bursa ve Uşak cephelerinden taarruza geçmiştir. Yunan ordusunun taarruzu ile İnönü Muharebeleri başlamıştır. Yunan ordusunun TBMM’yi ortadan kaldırmak Sevr Antlaşmasını Türk tarafına kabul ettirmek amacıyla gerçekleşen İnönü Muharebeleri iki aşamalı olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Yunan taarruzu İnönü Muharebeleri boyunca 18 tayyare ile taarruzunu şekillendirirken Türk ordusu elinde bulunan iki tayyare ile hava harp görev ve faaliyetlerine yön vermiştir.
Bu çalışmada İnönü Muharebeleri’nde icra edilen hava harp görev ve faaliyetlerinin muharebelerin sonucuna etkilerine arşiv belgeleri, harp rapor ve cerideleri ekseninde yer verilecektir.
Construção teórico-metodológica de uma pesquisa: uma análise do caminho percorrido
Authors: Cruz Ana Claudia da Silva Oliveira da , Medeiros Adriana Francisca de 
Published: December 2021

O domínio das metodologias de pesquisas científicas, pode ser um dos maiores desafios no desenvolvimento do trabalho científico. Todavia o conhecimento dos métodos adequados para realização de uma pesquisa é de extrema importância, para que o projeto tenha relevância científica. O presente artigo é um recorte da pesquisa em andamento intitulada “O perfil de uma escola pública de Humaitá- Am: uma análise do desempenho do Saeb e a relação com as práticas pedagógicas”, pesquisa proposta para a linha de pesquisa, perspectivas teórico-metodológicas para o ensino das ciências humanas do programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Humanidades (PPGECH) da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), que proporcionará, analisar no contexto de uma escola pública com melhor desempenho no SAEB (2019), práticas pedagógicas que favoreçam a qualidade do ensino e aprendizagem. O referido recorte buscará descrever o percurso metodológico escolhido para a pesquisa, conceituando teoricamente e apontando a importância do mesmo para a pesquisa. O ajustamento teórico-metodológico apresentado tem como base ponderações no domínio da disciplina de Pesquisa em educação.
Urgensi Media Audio Visual Dalam Pembelajaran PAI Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Mujahidin Arif Agus , Hasanah Aisyah Luthfi , Andani Meti , Kurniawan Muh. Alif 
Published: December 2021

Dalam proses pembelajaran, komunikasi adalah media utama yang digunakan sebagai penyampaian materi oleh guru kepada peserta didik. Pada kondisi pandemi seperti sekarang ini, kegiatan belajar mengajar sangat bergantung pada seorang pendidik. Seorang pendidik dapat menggunakan berbagai alat untuk menyampaikan materi yang dianggap dapat membantu peserta didik dalam menangkap dan mencerna setiap pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru, alat ini disebut media pembelajaran. Supaya materi ajar yang disampaikan dapat diterima peserta didik, maka dibutuhkan media yang sesuai serta membantu dalam proses penyampaian materi, khususnya dalam pembelajaran PAI. Dimana pembelajaran ini memiliki peran penting dalam tatanan kehidupan manusia, dan sebagai alternatif sebuah media yang berbasis gambar dan suara guna menyampaikan materi pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam.
Sulfidogenic activity of bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3 under the influence of nitrite and sodium molybdate
Authors: Dorosh L. , Peretiatko T. , Gudz S. 
Published: December 2021

Sulfate reducing bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3, selected from the wastewater of the city, do not accumulate biomass under the influence of nitrite and molybdate ions. These substances inhibit sulfidogenic activity of bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3. Additon of nitrite at a concentration of 1 mM has virtually no effect on the accumulation of biomass and hydrogen sulfide by bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3. The increasing the concentration of nitrite up to 5 mM biomass accumulation of bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3 was inhibited by approximately 50% while the observed decrease in efficiency of sulfate compared with control. Molybdate at a concentration of 0.5–1 mM completely inhibits the growth and sulfidogenic activity of Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3. Simultaneous action of nitrite and molybdate causes almost complete inhibition of Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3 growth. Under these conditions the bacteria do not reduced sulfate and as a result do not accumulate hydrogen sulfide.