bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the combination of urea, manure of cow and Azolla on the growth and N uptake of the black rice of Ominio variety
Authors: Lubis K S , Pratiwi N , Rauf A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The application of inorganic fertilizers is carried out continuously and it is not balanced with the organic fertilizers causes the soil to harden more easily, unstable pH, the ability of the soil to absorb nutrients, especially Nitrogen is low. A combination of inorganic fertilizers such as manure of cow and Azolla as well as organic fertilizers, urea are used as an alternative to increasing Nitrogen and plant growth. This research has been carried out at Agriculture’s screen house Universitas Sumatera Utara and Socfindo Laboratory. This study was conducted using non-factorial randomized block design with 5 treatments such as U0 (without urea), U1 (urea 250 kg/Ha), U2 (urea 250 kg/Ha with manure of cow 20 ton/Ha, U3 (urea 250 kg/Ha with Azolla 10 ton/Ha), U4 (the combination of urea 250 kg/Ha, manure of cow 20 ton/Ha and Azolla 10 ton/Ha) and 4 replications. The combination of urea, manure of cow and Azolla (U3 treatment) was able to show the best results on plant height, the number of tillers per clump, root dry weight and N-uptake of black rice plants of varieties Ominio. The recommended dosages of urea, manure of cow and Azolla are 250 kg/Ha, 20 ton/Ha and 10 ton/Ha, respectively.
Morphological characteristics of Mangosteen plants (Garcinia mangostana L.) in Langkat District, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Syahputra M R , Setiado H , Siregar L A M , Damanik R I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mangosteen is one of Indonesia’s native fruit plants that has very large export potential, but at this time the age of mangosteen plants in smallholder plantations has reached more than ten years, so fulfilment of mangosteen export needs will be hindered. This study was aimed to identify the morphological characteristics of mangosteen plants and as a conservation material in several sub-districts (Wampu, Stabat and Tanjung Pura) in Langkat district of North Sumatra, Indonesia, with an accidental sampling survey based on the IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) mangosteen descriptor guide. The result showed that there were 51 characters closely related i.e. (growth, leaf, flower, fruit and seed descriptors) at E16 and E17 was 29.907, with 31 characters in common, and the furthest relationship was found between E1 and E3 with dissimilarity value 138.421 with 21 characters in common.
Effect of Paclobutrazol in micro tuberization of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Granola Kembang and Repita
Authors: Dalimunthe R H , Setiado H , Lubis K , Damanik R I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The seeds or seedlings are the main key to the success of potato cultivation. So one way to obtain high quality of potato seeds is to do with in vitro plant propagation or tissue culture. The research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, UPT Seed Horticulture Johor Building Medan, used the completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was potato cultivar (K1: Granola Kembang, and K2: Repita), and the second factor was paclobutrazol M1 (MS + 0 ppm Paclobutrazol), and M2 (MS + 10 ppm Paclobutrazol). The results showed that the concentration of paclobutrazol significantly affected on the plant height, the number of shoots, the number of micro tuber, the micro tuber diameter, and the fresh weight of micro tuber.
Bayoud and Belaat diseases of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Figuig oasis of Morocco
Authors: Moujaoui N , Hariri E , Elhoumaizi M A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
From 2016 to 2017, a survey was carried out during four vegetative cycles of date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Figuig oasis of Morocco. Two types of date palm culture were surveyed, that is traditional and modern plantations. The aim of the survey was mainly to explore date palm diseases, their incidence and geographic distribution in Figuig oasis. Results revealed the presence of two major diseases: the harmful Bayoud disease and Belaat disease. The rate of contamination of each disease reached respectively 3.38% and 3.31%. Spatial distribution of each disease varies for each one both in traditional and modern plantations, as shown in kernel density maps of diseases infestation. Bayoud disease spread more in traditional oasis. In fact, 60.96% of infested date palm trees by Bayoud disease were recorded in traditional plantations. On the contrary, in modern ones, Belaat disease was the main disease and the rate of infestation reached 67.13%. The survey also focuses on the influence of occurred farming practices in infested plantations which are often characterized by a lack of phytosanitary treatment, fertilization and weeding. Furthermore, pruning, gravity irrigation and the presence of underlying culture were also identified as increasing factors for pathogens dissemination.
Root morphology of several varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) on ultisols treated with cocopeat
Authors: Lubis K , Simanjuntak D T G , Bayu E S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to determine the root morphology of several sorghum varieties on Ultisol soil-medium treated with cocopeat. The research was carried out at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, from April 2019 to January 2020. This research used a randomized block design with two factorials and three replications. Factor I was the planting medium (topsoil, Ultisol, Ultisol + 1 kg of Cocopeat, Ultisol + 2 kg of Cocopeat). Factor II was the Sorghum variety (Pahat, Kawali, Samurai 1, and Samurai 2) treatment. The results indicated that there are several differences in the appearances of sorghum plant varieties on the root morphology (root volume and length) of sorghum on Ultisol soil media treated with cocopeat, and there were interaction effects between sorghum plant varieties and Ultisol soil media treated with cocopeat on the root morphology (root length) of sorghum plants.
Potential test of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in increasing nitrogen in Andisol soil
Authors: Sembiring M , Anwar S , Sabrina T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the elements most needed by plants and widely distributed in nature. Nitrogen fixation can occur symbiotic or non-symbiotic by soil microbes. This research aimed to examine the potential of N-fixing microbes in increasing the availability of N in the soil. This research was conducted at the Soil Biology Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The results showed that the ability of microbes to increase the availability of N in the soil was varied. The population of N-fixing bacteria increased during 4 weeks of incubation. All bacterial isolates which incubated on Andisol soil were able to increase soil N-total content by around 9.4% -15.6%. The isolate with the most potential to increase soil N-total content was B6 isolate with an increase in total N content by 15.6%.
Impact of South Asian brick kiln emission mitigation strategies on select pollutants and near-term Arctic temperature responses
Authors: Seay Brannon , Adetona Anna , Sadoff Natasha , Sarofim Marcus C , Kolian Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The brick kiln industrial sector in South Asia accounts for large amounts of short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) emissions, namely black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfur dioxide (SO2; the precursor to atmospheric sulfate [SO4]). These SLCFs are air pollutants and have important impacts on both human health and the Arctic, a region currently experiencing more than double the rate of warming relative to the global average. Using previously derived Arctic equilibrium temperature response factors, we estimate the contribution to Arctic temperature impacts from previously reported emissions of BC, OC, and SO2 from four prevalent South Asian brick kiln types (Bull’s Trench [BTK], Down Draught [DDK], Vertical Shaft [VSBK], and Zig-zag). Net annual BC (115 gigagrams [Gg]), OC (17 Gg), and SO2 (350 Gg) baseline emissions from all four South Asian kiln types resulted in 3.36 milliKelvin (mK) of Arctic surface warming. Given these baseline emissions and Arctic temperature responses, we estimate the current and maximum potential emission and temperature mitigation considering two kiln type conversions. Assuming no change in brick production, baseline emissions have been reduced by 17% when considering current BTK to Zig-zag conversions and have the potential to decrease by 82% given a 100% future conversion rate. This results in a 25% and 119% reduction in Arctic warming, respectively. Replacing DDKs with VSBKs increases baseline SLCF emissions by 28% based on current conversions and has the potential to increase by 131%. This conversion still reduces baseline warming by 31% and 149%, respectively. These results show that brick kiln conversions can have different impacts on local air quality and Arctic climate. When considering brick kiln emissions mitigation options, regional and/or local policy action should consider several factors, including local air quality, worker health and safety, cost, quality of bricks, as well as global climate impacts.
Analysis of multiple data sequences with different distributions: defining common principal component axes by ergodic sequence generation and multiple reweighting composition
Authors: Fukuda Ikuo , Moritsugu Kei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) defines a reduced space described by PC axes for a given multidimensional-data sequence to capture the variations of the data. In practice, we need multiple data sequences that accurately obey individual probability distributions and for a fair comparison of the sequences we need PC axes that are common for the multiple sequences but properly capture these multiple distributions. For these requirements, we present individual ergodic samplings for these sequences and provide special reweighting for recovering the target distributions.
Historical values of water and carbon intensity of global electricity production
Authors: Peer Rebecca A M , Chini Christopher M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The global production of electricity is reliant upon the availability of water resources for the cooling of thermoelectric power plants and in the production of hydroelectricity. Additionally, much of the current global electricity production requires the combustion of fossil fuels, which emit greenhouse gases and create a carbon footprint of electricity production. In this study, we investigate the historical values of global electricity production through country and regional accounting and comparison of carbon and water footprints from 1990–2018. Here we show water footprints of electricity production rising 1.6% year over year from 143 km3 1990 to 220 km3 in 2018. Additionally, the carbon footprint of electricity production increased 2.2% each year with nearly 14 × 1012 kg CO2e emitted in 2018. Our analysis highlights regional comparisons of carbon emissions versus water intensity for a sustainable electricity transition across the globe, recommending the need to account for both resources in policy and technological decisions.
Diagnosing Desire: Mental Health and Modern American Literature, 1890–1955
Authors: Mendelman Lisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This second book project argues that psychological diagnosis drives literary and scientific innovation in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century US. I demonstrate how experimental modernism and biomedical development both deploy and resist evolving classifications of mental life. These underappreciated cultural dialogues generate authoritative models of cognitive and corporeal health determined by race and gender. I take up four such medicalized types and establish how these pathologized figures embody anxieties about social change, particularly related to race, gender, and sexuality. Synthesizing literary fiction with transatlantic medical discourse and computational methods with traditional archival practices, this project rethinks the cultural politics at work in biological schemas of wellness and disorder, while highlighting the stumbling blocks of interpretive practices shared by the sciences and the arts.
Factor Structure of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Springate Beth A , Carvalho Janessa O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status is a commonly used neuropsychological screening tool that is useful in a Huntington’s disease (HD) population given its relatively brief administration time and assessment of multiple cognitive domains. Although 5 index scores are calculated, this structure has not been universally supported in clinical samples, which have often found a two- and three-factor structure to be better fitting. This study explored the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status factor structure in a large HD sample, which has not been done to date.

Method
In total, 147 individuals with HD completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to explore the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status factor structure.

Results
Consistent with the findings from a majority of other clinical samples investigated, our results revealed a better fitting two-factor structure (verbal and visual).

Conclusion
The traditional Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status index structure may not be valid in HD, which yields important clinical and research implications.
Vascular endothelial cell-derived exosomal miR-30a-5p inhibits lung adenocarcinoma malignant progression by targeting CCNE2
Authors: Tao Kaiyi , Liu JinShi , Liang JinXiao , Xu XiaoFang , Xu LiWei , Mao WeiMin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study tried to explore the molecular mechanism underlying progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and discuss the extracellular communication between cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Roughly, differential analysis was carried out to note that miR-30a-5p was lowly expressed in LUAD, whereas CCNE2 was highly expressed. Cell functional experiments demonstrated that overexpressed miR-30a-5p led to suppressed cell abilities in proliferation, migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation verified the binding of miR-30a-5p and CCNE2, as well as decreased mRNA and protein expression of CCNE2 with miR-30a-5p overexpression. Simultaneous up-regulation of miR-30a-5p and CCNE2 reversed the promotion of CCNE2 on malignant behaviors of LUAD cells. In vivo mice experiments exhibited that high miR-30a-5p expression hindered tumor growth. Additionally, miR-30a-5p was localized on the Extracellular Vesicles microRNA (EVmiRNA) database. MiR-30a-5p was abundant in exosomes derived from vascular endothelial cells. To validate that miR-30a-5p could be delivered to LUAD cells via exosomes and then make an effect, exosomes from vascular endothelial cells were first extracted and identified by transmission electron microscopy and detection of exosomal marker proteins (Alix, CD63, TSG101). Sequentially, the extracted exosomes were labeled with DIO to note that exosomes could be internalized by cancer cells. Further experiments indicated that miR-30a-5p was increased in cancer cells co-cultured with exosomes, which in turn suppressed cell malignant behaviors and made cell cycle arrest. In all, our findings clarified that exosomes derived from vascular endothelial cells delivered miR-30a-5p to LUAD cells to affect tumor malignant progression via the miR-30a-5p/CCNE2 axis.
Neuronal postdevelopmentally acting SAX-7S/L1CAM can function as cleaved fragments to maintain neuronal architecture inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Desse Virginie E , Blanchette Cassandra R , Nadour Malika , Perrat Paola , Rivollet Lise , Khandekar Anagha , Bénard Claire Y 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhereas remarkable advances have uncovered mechanisms that drive nervous system assembly, the processes responsible for the lifelong maintenance of nervous system architecture remain poorly understood. Subsequent to its establishment during embryogenesis, neuronal architecture is maintained throughout life in the face of the animal’s growth, maturation processes, the addition of new neurons, body movements, and aging. The Caenorhabditis elegans protein SAX-7, homologous to the vertebrate L1 protein family of neural adhesion molecules, is required for maintaining the organization of neuronal ganglia and fascicles after their successful initial embryonic development. To dissect the function of sax-7 in neuronal maintenance, we generated a null allele and sax-7S-isoform-specific alleles. We find that the null sax-7(qv30) is, in some contexts, more severe than previously described mutant alleles and that the loss of sax-7S largely phenocopies the null, consistent with sax-7S being the key isoform in neuronal maintenance. Using a sfGFP::SAX-7S knock-in, we observe sax-7S to be predominantly expressed across the nervous system, from embryogenesis to adulthood. Yet, its role in maintaining neuronal organization is ensured by postdevelopmentally acting SAX-7S, as larval transgenic sax-7S(+) expression alone is sufficient to profoundly rescue the null mutants’ neuronal maintenance defects. Moreover, the majority of the protein SAX-7 appears to be cleaved, and we show that these cleaved SAX-7S fragments together, not individually, can fully support neuronal maintenance. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of the conserved protein SAX-7/L1CAM in long-term neuronal maintenance and may help decipher processes that go awry in some neurodegenerative conditions.
What is Known—and not Known—About Acoustic Communication in an Urban Soundscape
Authors: Derryberry Elizabeth P , Luther David 
Published: June 2021

Synopsis
Urban environments have some of the most highly modified soundscapes on the planet, affecting the way many animals communicate using acoustic signals. Communication involves transmission of information via signals, such as bird song, between a signaler and a receiver. Much work has focused on the effects of urbanization on signalers and their signals, yet very little is known about how noise pollution affects receiver behaviors and sensory systems. Here, we synthesize key findings to date regarding avian acoustic communication in the urban environment and delineate key gaps in knowledge for future work. We leverage our own work comparing current and historical songs from urban and rural habitats for a subspecies of white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli). We use this system, along with findings from other systems, to answer three key questions in the field: (1) Is song variation consistent with temporal and spatial variation in anthropogenic noise? (2) How are birds adjusting their song to the urban environment? (3) How does song ‘urbanization’ affect signal function? Our synthesis illustrates that the adjustments birds make to their songs in noisy environments can improve signal detection, but potentially at the cost of signal function. Many key gaps in knowledge need to be addressed to complete our understanding of how acoustic communication systems evolve in urban areas, specifically in regard to sexual selection and female preference, as well as how receivers perceive signals in an urban environment.
Kindleberger in retrospect: the Federal Reserve’s dollar swap lines and international lender of last resort rules
Authors: Carré Emmanuel , Le Maux Laurent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur paper shows how Charles P. Kindleberger examined the function of the international lender of last resort and anticipated the rules governing the dollar swap line program (with unlimited amounts and at a fixed price) implemented by the Federal Reserve in the aftermath of the failure of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. We systematically explore Kindleberger’s works on the central bank swap agreement in order to discern the theoretical foundations of the international lender of last resort rules he proposed. In this respect, two of his arguments that appear concomitantly must be distinguished. The first concerns the burden that the leadership partly or mostly should shoulder because of the problem of free riding—this is the traditional argument of benevolent leadership. The second argument concerns the efficiency with which the leadership operates as the stabilizer given the international monetary and financial context—this argument of the efficient stabilizer has been far less studied in the literature. We find that the Federal Reserve was not a benevolent monetary institution, but the global financial stabilizer instead—meaning that Kindleberger’s second argument finally prevailed. We conclude by emphasizing how central bankers rediscovered Kindleberger’s contribution to the international lender of last resort function.
Secretor Status Strongly Influences the Incidence of Symptomatic Norovirus Infection in a Genotype-Dependent Manner in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort
Authors: Reyes Yaoska , González Fredman , Gutiérrez Lester , Blandón Patricia , Centeno Edwing , Zepeda Omar , Toval-Ruíz Christian , Lindesmith Lisa C , Baric Ralph S , Vielot Nadja , Diez-Valcarce Marta , Vinjé Jan , Svensson Lennart , Becker-Dreps Sylvia , Nordgren Johan , Bucardo Filemón 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The role of histo-blood group on the burden and severity of norovirus gastroenteritis in young infants has not been well documented.

Methods
Norovirus gastroenteritis was assessed in 443 Nicaraguan children followed from birth until 3 years of age. Stool samples were tested for norovirus by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) were determined by phenotyping of saliva and blood. Hazard ratios and predictors of norovirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outcome stratified by HBGA were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Of 1353 AGE episodes experienced by children, 229 (17%) tested positive for norovirus with an overall incidence of 21.9/100 child-years. Secretor children were infected as early as 2 months of age and had a higher incidence of norovirus GII compared to nonsecretor children (15.4 vs 4.1/100 child-years, P = .006). Furthermore, all GII.4 AGE episodes occurred in secretor children. Children infected with GI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.09 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .02–.33]) or non-GII.4 viruses (aOR, 0.2 [95% CI, .07–.6]) were less likely to have severe AGE compared to GII.4-infected children.

Conclusions
Secretor status in children strongly influences the incidence of symptomatic norovirus infection in a genogroup or genotype-dependent manner and provides evidence that clinical severity in children depends on norovirus genotypes.
Survivorship in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Yarbrough Angela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Adolescents and young adults with cancer have an estimated 5-year overall survival rate of more than 75%. It can be difficult to immediately return to a “normal” life after cancer therapy because of a range of physical and psychosocial effects associated not only to the disease but also to late effects that can extend long into survivorship. Adolescents and young adult cancer survivors in the United States are more prone to several adverse treatment effects than those who had no history of cancer. A multidisciplinary health-care team that is well versed in caring for specific developmental issues, as well as addressing onco-fertility, psychosocial and socioeconomic issues, school and work obligations, and long-term side effects is important to meet the needs of this population.