bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masculinizing surgery in disorders/differences of sex development: clinician‐ and participant‐evaluated appearance and function
Authors: van de Grift Tim C. , Rapp Marion , Holmdahl Gundela , Duranteau Lise , Nordenskjold Agneta ,   the dsd‐LIFE group
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo report the long‐term follow‐up outcomes of masculinizing surgery in disorders/differences of sex development (DSD), including both physicians' and patients’ perspectives on appearance and functional outcome, including sexuality.Patients and MethodsIn total, 1040 adolescents (age ≥16 years) and adults with a DSD took part in this multicentre cross‐sectional clinical study in six European countries in 2014/2015. Of those, 150 living in other than the female gender had some kind of masculinizing surgery: hypospadias repair, orchidopexy, breast reduction and/or gonadectomy. The study protocol included medical data collection, an optional genital examination, and patient‐reported outcomes including satisfaction with appearance and current sexual functioning.ResultsDiagnoses included partial and mixed gonadal dysgenesis (45,XO/46,XY; n = 38), Klinefelter syndrome/46,XX males (n = 57), and various 46,XY DSDs (n = 42; e.g. partial androgen insensitivity syndrome, severe hypospadias) and 13 with other diagnoses. Of the participants, 84 underwent hypospadias surgery, 86 orchidopexy, 52 gonadectomy and 32 breast reduction (combinations possible). Physicians evaluated anatomical appearance at genital examination as poor in approximately 11% of patients. After hypospadias surgery, 38% of participants reported that they were (very) dissatisfied with anatomical appearance and 20% with function. The physician and patient evaluations were moderately correlated (r = 0.43).ConclusionThe majority of participants were neutral to satisfied with the appearance and function in the long‐term after masculinizing surgery. Given the initial severe phenotype and a risk of unsatisfactory results after masculinizing surgery in DSD, treatment should be handled by experienced multidisciplinary teams in order to optimize the postoperative results.
Tectonic controls on the evolution of mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic systems: Insights from the late Palaeozoic Ouachita‐Marathon Foreland, United States
Authors: Liu Li , Ambrose William A. , Lawton Timothy F. , Stockli Daniel F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSea level is thought to be the primary driver of alternating deposition of carbonate and siliciclastic sediment in shelf settings, with carbonates dominating during transgressive/highstands and siliciclastics during lowstands. Although sediment supply is critically important for shelf‐margin growth in siliciclastic systems, few studies demonstrate its impact on mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic systems. The Permian Basin in Texas, United States, provides an opportunity to investigate the basin evolution regarding the source, sediment routing and particularly shelf/slope growth from syn‐ to postorogenic phases during alternating carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentation. Published detrital zircon data show that the proportion of orogen‐related sources decreased significantly from an earliest Permian synorogenic phase (ca. 298 Ma) to a Leonardian (ca. 280–271 Ma) postorogenic phase, in concert with a grain‐size change from fine‐ to medium‐grained sand to silt. Although along‐strike lateral variabilities exist on the shelf margin, the shelf‐margin evolution characteristics show a significant difference among the Northern Shelf, Eastern Shelf and Central Basin Platform. The synorogenic Eastern Shelf exhibits a significant higher progradation rate than does the postorogenic Northern Shelf. The progradation and aggradation ratio of siliciclastic‐rich intervals in the Eastern Shelf is significantly higher than those of carbonate‐rich intervals in the Eastern Shelf and carbonate‐ or siliciclastic‐rich intervals in the Northern Shelf. In contrast, the Central Basin Platform, with no siliciclastic sediment supply, records almost no progradation regardless of orogenic phases. There is an increase in slope gradient with decreasing sediment supply during this second‐order sequence from the Permian Cisuralian Series to the end of the Guadalupian Series. This study demonstrates that tectonically driven siliciclastic sediment supply was the main mechanism controlling the shelf and slope evolution in alternating siliciclastic and carbonate deposition.
The relationship between empathic tendencies and altruistic behaviours in adolescents
Authors: Tümer Adile , Aykaç Koçak Ayla , Uçar Emre , Sümen Adem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the relationship between the empathic tendencies and altruistic behaviours of adolescents.MethodsThis descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 323 high school students in the 2017–2018 academic year. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics form, the altruism scale and the empathic tendency scale. Descriptive statistics were evaluated using the bivariate correlation test and the linear regression test.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 16.06 ± 1.19 (min = 14, max = 20), and 50.8% of them were female. The adolescents' mean scores on the empathic tendency and altruism scales were 65.71 ± 9.08 and 67.84 ± 9.25, respectively. A statistically significant moderate positive relation was found between the adolescents' empathic tendencies and their altruistic behaviours (r = 0.369, p = 0.000).ConclusionsThe empathic tendency skills and altruistic behaviours of adolescents who participated in this study were at a good level. It is important to plan and apply educational programmes that develop adolescents' empathic tendencies and altruistic behaviours and to teach them positive social behaviours such as altruism.
Automated detection of frog calls and choruses by pulse repetition rate
Authors: Lapp Sam , Wu Tianhao , Richards‐Zawacki Corinne , Voyles Jamie , Rodriguez Keely Michelle , Shamon Hila , Kitzes Justin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnurans (frogs and toads) are among the most globally threatened taxonomic groups. Successful conservation of anurans will rely on improved data on the status and changes in local populations, particularly for rare and threatened species. Automated sensors, such as acoustic recorders, have the potential to provide such data by massively increasing the spatial and temporal scale of population sampling efforts. Analyzing such data sets will require robust and efficient tools that can automatically identify the presence of a species in audio recordings. Like bats and birds, many anuran species produce distinct vocalizations that can be captured by autonomous acoustic recorders and represent excellent candidates for automated recognition. However, in contrast to birds and bats, effective automated acoustic recognition tools for anurans are not yet widely available. An effective automated call‐recognition method for anurans must be robust to the challenges of real‐world field data and should not require extensive labeled data sets. We devised a vocalization identification tool that classifies anuran vocalizations in audio recordings based on their periodic structure: the repeat interval‐based bioacoustic identification tool (RIBBIT). We applied RIBBIT to field recordings to study the boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) of temperate North American grasslands and the critically endangered variable harlequin frog (Atelopus varius) of tropical Central American rainforests. The tool accurately identified boreal chorus frogs, even when they vocalized in heavily overlapping choruses and identified variable harlequin frog vocalizations at a field site where it had been very rarely encountered in visual surveys. Using a few simple parameters, RIBBIT can detect any vocalization with a periodic structure, including those of many anurans, insects, birds, and mammals. We provide open‐source implementations of RIBBIT in Python and R to support its use for other taxa and communities.
Optimisation of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of natural dyes from pomegranate rind using response surface methodology and its characterisation
Authors: Lei TengFei , Pan Ying , Zhang Bin , Liu RongZhan , Pan YuanFeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the optimal ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for the maximum recovery of natural dyes from pomegranate rind using response surface methodology. The optimum UAE conditions were found to be an extraction time of 60 minutes, an extraction temperature of 65°C, a water to material ratio of 19 mL/g and an ultrasonic power of 132 W. The yield of the extracted pomegranate rind dyes (PRD) under optimum conditions was 17.1% ± 0.1%, which closely agrees with the predicted value of 17.2%. Fourier Transform–infrared and ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy indicated that there were no significant structural changes in the PRD under optimal UAE conditions. The PRD particle size was clearly reduced, and the distribution was more uniform under the action of the ultrasonic waves. The total anti‐oxidant activity of the PRD was analysed using DPPH• assay, and the results indicated that a proper and reasonable ultrasonic‐assisted treatment can enhance the anti‐oxidant capacity of the pomegranate rind natural dyes. Furthermore, in comparison with Staphylococcus aureus using the Agar plate method, the anti‐bacterial activity indicated that the fabrics dyed with PRD under UAE conditions displayed outstanding anti‐bacterial activity.
Colour space conversion model from CMYK to CIELab based on CS‐WNN
Authors: Su Zebin , Yang Jinkai , Li Pengfei , Zhang HuanHuan , Jing Junfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the process of colour space conversion from CMYK to CIELab, colour difference will be caused, which has a negative impact on the quality of digital printing products. In this article, an improved wavelet neural network (WNN) model optimised by cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is proposed to reduce the colour difference. Initially, the colour space conversion model based on WNN is established. The CS algorithm is used to optimise the initial weights and parameters of dilation and translation in the WNN model. Then, 1296 samples are made to train the CS‐WNN model. Finally, 100 test samples are input into the trained network to obtain the corresponding L, a and b values of CIELab. The experimental results show that the average conversion colour difference () of the proposed model is 3.469. The conversion accuracy and stability of the proposed model are better than the traditional neural network.
High incidence of type 1 diabetes in adolescents and young adults in Eritrea
Authors: Mebrahtu Goitom , Maniam Jayanthi , James Steven , Ogle Graham D. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundEritrea has no data on type 1 diabetes incidence in children and youth; therefore, a study was undertaken to determine this in persons aged <25 years.MethodsData were collected on new type 1 diabetes diagnoses during 2019, from district, provincial and national hospitals. Type 1 diabetes was diagnosed according to standard WHO criteria. No secondary ascertainment source was available. 95% confidence intervals were computed based on approximation to the Poisson distribution, and age and gender effects were analysed with Poisson regression.ResultsThere were 532 new cases of type 1 diabetes. Mean ± standard deviation (range) age of diagnosis was 16.2 ± 5.7 (1.5–24.9) years, and peak age group was 15–19 years (n = 200, 37.6%), with mode at 18 years. Incidence <15 years was 11.5/100,000 individuals [9.9–13.2], with the highest incidence in the 10–14 years group (19.0/100,000 [15.5–23.1]). Incidence then peaked in the 15–19 years age group (50.2/100,000 [43.5–57.7]) and remained high in the 20–24 years group (46.2/100,000 [39.0–54.3]). There was a male:female ratio of 1.37 (p = 0.001). Two hundred and thirty‐eight (44.7%) presented in diabetic ketoacidosis.ConclusionType 1 diabetes incidence in Eritrea is moderate <15 years, and high 15–24 years. The 15–19 and 20–24 years rates appear to be the highest published to date. Given the study was only for one year, further confirmatory prospective information will clarify the situation and document trends. Assessment of the type 1 diabetes phenotypes that are occurring in Eritrea is also indicated.
The effect of motor and cognitive placebos on the serial reaction time task
Authors: Villa‐Sánchez Bernardo , Emadi Andani Mehran , Cesari Paola , Fiorio Mirta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotor learning is a key component of human motor functions. Repeated practice is essential to gain proficiency over time but may induce fatigue. The aim of this study was to determine whether motor performance and motor learning (as assessed with the serial reaction time task, SRTT) and perceived fatigability (as assessed with subjective scales) are improved after two types of placebo interventions (motor and cognitive). A total of 90 healthy volunteers performed the SRTT with the right hand in three sessions (baseline, training and final). Before the training and the final session, one group underwent a motor‐related placebo intervention in which inert electrical stimulation (TENS) was applied over the hand and accompanied by verbal suggestion that it improves movement execution (placebo‐TENS). The other group underwent a cognitive‐related placebo intervention in which sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was delivered to the supraorbital area and accompanied by verbal suggestion that it increases attention (placebo‐tDCS). A control group performed the same task without receiving treatment. Overall better performance on the SRTT (not ascribed to sequence‐specific learning) was noted for the placebo‐TENS group, which also reported less perceived fatigability at the physical level. The same was observed in a subgroup tested 24 hr later. The placebo‐tDCS group reported less perceived fatigability, both at the mental and physical level. These findings indicate that motor‐ and cognitive‐related placebo effects differently shape motor performance and perceived fatigability on a repeated motor task.
Metabolism and global protein glycosylation are differentially expressed in healthy and osteoarthritic equine carpal synovial fluid
Authors: Noordwijk Kira J. , Qin Rui , Diaz‐Rubio Maria E. , Zhang Sheng , Su Jin , Mahal Lara K. , Reesink Heidi L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCarpal osteochondral fragmentation and subsequent post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) are leading causes of wastage in the equine athlete. Identification of synovial fluid biomarkers could contribute to the diagnosis and understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed metabolic and glycosylation pathways in synovial fluid from healthy horses and horses with naturally occurring carpal OA.Study designCross‐sectional, in vivo metabolomics and glycomics study.MethodsIn cohort 1, carpal synovial fluid (n = 12 horses; n = 6 healthy, n = 6 OA) was analysed using high‐resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). In cohort 2 (n = 40 horses; n = 20 healthy, n = 20 OA), carpal synovial fluid was analysed using lectin microarrays and a lubricin sandwich ELISA.ResultsMetabolomic analysis identified >4900 LC‐MS features of which 84 identifiable metabolites were differentially expressed (P < .05) between healthy and OA joints, including key pathways related to inflammation (histidine and tryptophan metabolism), oxidative stress (arginine biosynthesis) and collagen metabolism (lysine metabolism). Principle Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis demonstrated separation between healthy and OA synovial fluid. Lectin microarrays identified distinct glycosylation patterns between healthy and OA synovial fluid, including increased Core 1/Core 3 O‐glycosylation, increased α‐2,3 sialylation and decreased α‐1,2 fucosylation in OA. O‐glycans predominated over N‐glycans in all synovial fluid samples, and synovial fluid lubricin was increased in OA joints as compared to controls.Main limitationsThe sample size in cohort 1 was limited, and there is inherent variation in severity and duration of joint injury in naturally occurring OA. However, LC‐MS identified up to 5000 unique features.ConclusionsThese data suggest new potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for equine OA. Future targeted metabolomic and glycomic studies should be performed to verify these results. Lectin microarrays could be investigated as a potential screening tool for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of equine OA.
Oral cenesthopathy superimposed on burning mouth syndrome treated with aripiprazole: A case report with a phenomenological overview
Authors: Karakuş İbrahim Hakkı , Bulut Necati Serkut 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an idiopathic condition that presents with chronic pain and/or burning sensations in the oral structures. The syndrome mostly affects elderly women with hormonal changes and/or with a diagnosis of comorbid psychiatric disorder. In some rare conditions, the clinical appearance of BMS may also overlap with oral cenestopathy (OC), which is defined in the literature as a special form of delusional disorder of somatic type. Patients with OC may complain about abnormal experiences such as melting, feeling of stickiness, as well as extremely strange feelings of wires, metal coils, etc being present in their mouths.Case PresentationWe present an elderly woman whose ongoing symptoms of BMS (burning in the mouth and tongue, taste alterations etc) were, over time, superimposed by cenesthopatic delusions that her gums had melted, and her palate had totally dissolved. We believe that the case is clinically striking and demonstrative for the understanding of complex nosology of BMS and OC, given that (a) the patient exhibited a relatively rare example of overlapping BMS and OS symptoms, which both are not sufficiently recognised by clinicians, (b) OC symptoms have disappeared with low‐dose aripiprazole and psychoeducation‐based cognitive therapy, which resulted in significant improvement in the patient's quality of life.ConclusionClinicians are required to be aware of BMS and OC, two syndromes with multifactorial aetiology and highly heterogeneous presentation, in order to determine the most appropriate treatment options from a multidisciplinary perspective, as well as to avoid unnecessary medical interventions.
Male‐dominated workplaces and the power of masculine privilege: A comparison of the Australian political and construction sectors
Authors: Galea Natalie , Chappell Louise 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreasing women's representation in male‐dominated work sectors remains a persistent problem. This paper reorientates the focus from women's underrepresentation to male overrepresentation and privilege, to identify and compare the causal mechanisms between the overrepresentation of men in two traditionally male‐dominated work places in Australia: politics and construction. By applying feminist institutionalism, masculinities, and privilege, it argues the overrepresentation of men is linked to gendered rules that uphold hegemonic masculinities which produce masculine privilege and supports a gender hierarchy. Masculine privilege occurs via three mechanisms: (1) a culture of denial; (2) perceptions that rules are neutral, legitimate, and applied objectively; (3) through backlash and resistance to keep the gender status quo in place. We argue the effects of privilege combine to act as a barrier to the attraction, retention, and progression of women to both sectors and conclude that the masculine privilege provides a valuable lens to explore how male dominance operates within work sectors.
Combined effects of SiO2 ratio and purity on physical properties and microstructure of in situ alumina‐mullite ceramic
Authors: Salomão Rafael , Fernandes Leandro , Spera Natalia C. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe in situ formation of mullite (Al6Si4O13) is a complex process based on solid‐state reactions strongly affected by the characteristics of Al2O3 and SiO2 sources. This study investigated the combined effects of variable SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and the presence of low‐melting‐point impurities on the physical properties and microstructure of in situ alumina‐mullite ceramics. Two grades of synthetic amorphous silica, known as microsilica, of similar physical properties and significant differences in the content of alkali‐based impurities (0.8 and 3.6 wt%), were combined with thin calcined alumina particles in different proportions (from silica‐free up to stoichiometric mullite), pressed and sintered. The samples were tested for total porosity, flexural strength, and pore size distribution, and their crystalline phases and microstructures formed were investigated. Small amounts of both microsilica grades (up to 8.9 wt%) hindered the densification of the alumina‐mullite matrix and favored grain growth events, increasing porosity and reducing strength. For samples containing higher microsilica loads (16.4–28.2 wt%), the impurities content significantly affected the amount of liquid phases formed. Such impurities altered the ratio and shape of the pores and the total amount of mullite after sintering. Therefore, different microstructures and levels of flexural strength and total porosity were observed.
Fast and non‐destructive determination of simultaneous physicochemical parameters of Manihot esculenta flour using FT‐NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis
Authors: Pompeu Darly R. , Souza Jesus N.S. , Pena Rosinelson S. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryManihot esculenta flour (MEF) is the main energetic source for a major part of the population in the Amazonian region. In this study, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used, for the first time, to predict physicochemical parameters of MEF. The water activity (aW), ash content, bulk density, moisture content, pH, geometric mean diameter (GMD) and colour parameters of L*, and hab were determined for 106 samples of MEF. Calibration equations with independent validation were developed to predict all parameters using the partial least square regression method. The performance of models was evaluated by the root mean standard error of calibration (RMSEC) and validation (RMSEV), and R2 values. The aW (RMSEC = RMSEV = 0.05), moisture content (RMSEC = 0.35%; RMSEV = 0.45%) and pH (RMSEC = 0.16; RMSEV = 0.18) could be predicted (R2 > 0.727) by NIRS coupled to multivariate analysis. NIRS and multivariate analysis proved to be a powerful tool to predict multiple physicochemical parameters of MEF.
The profile, content and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin in germinated naked barley grains with infrared and hot air drying
Authors: Ge Xiangzhen , Jing Luzhen , Su Chunyan , Zhang Bo , Zhang Qian , Li Wenhao 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAnthocyanin‐rich naked barley has attracted considerable attention recently. In this study, the naked barley was allowed to germinate and took samples every 12 h, and dried by infrared or hot air. A total of 11 anthocyanins were detected, and germination and drying did not cause their profile to change. The total content of anthocyanins increased after germination, and hot air drying (53.45–68.53 mg/100 g) was more reserved than infrared drying (46.44–55.46 mg/100 g). Moreover, the sprouting improved the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the free radical scavenging ability of ABTS, DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion capacity, and the germinated for 24 h by hot air drying sample had the strongest antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, the metabolic position of seven anthocyanins was accurately found in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for germination and hot air drying to improve the bioactive components and antioxidant properties of naked barley.