bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten ways to get a grip on designing and implementing a competency-based medical education training program
Authors: Hsu Tina , De  Angelis Flavia , Al-asaaed Sohaib , Basi Sanraj K. , Tomiak Anna , Grenier Debjani , Hammad Nazik , Henning Jan-Willem , Berry Scott , Song Xinni , Mukherjee Som D. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Globally there is a move to adopt competency-based medical education (CBME) at all levels of the medical training system. Implementation of a complex intervention such as CBME represents a marked paradigm shift involving multiple stakeholders.
Methods: This article aims to share tips, based on review of the available literature and the authors’ experiences, that may help educators implementing CBME to more easily navigate this major undertaking and avoid “black ice” pitfalls that educators may encounter.
Results: Careful planning prior to, during and post implementation will help programs transition successfully to CBME. Involvement of key stakeholders, such as trainees, teaching faculty, residency training committee members, and the program administrator, prior to and throughout implementation of CBME is critical. Careful and selective choice of key design elements including Entrustable Professional Activities, assessments and appropriate use of direct observation will enhance successful uptake of CBME. Pilot testing may help engage faculty and learners and identify logistical issues that may hinder implementation. Academic advisors, use of curriculum maps, and identifying and leveraging local resources may help facilitate implementation. Planned evaluation of CBME is important to ensure choices made during the design and implementation of CBME result in the desired outcomes.
Conclusion: Although the transition to CBME is challenging, successful implementation can be facilitated by careful design and strategic planning.
Penentuan Diameter Rambut Menggunakan Laser Sebagai Fenomena Difraksi Pada Biomaterial
Authors: Nuraeni Ayuni , Nurfa Nisa Nisriana , Nisa Purnama Ainun , Azzahra Ulfa Hanifa , Sujarwanto Eko 
Published: February 2021

Fenomena difraksi dapat terjadi pada biomaterial misalnya terjadi pada pewarnaan bagian tubuh hewan tertentu (natural coloration). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan fenomena difraksi yang melibatkan rambut sebagai biomaterial dan menentukan diameter rambut menggunakan konsep difraksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rambut sebagai penghalang (obstacle) dan LASER merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenomena difraksi dapat dihasilkan dengan menggunakan LASER dan rambut. Sementara itu, hasil pengukuran diameter terhadap sampel rambut yaitu berkisar pada 6×10-5m sampai 18×10-5 m. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola difraksi dapat dibentuk dengan peralatan sederhana dan konsep difraksi dapat dimanfaatkan untuk melakukan pengukuran tak langsung.
High Quality CPR Pada Alumni Keperawatan STIKES dr. Soebandi Jember
Authors: Feri Ekaprasetia  , Eky Madyaningtyas  
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK
High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation sangat dibutuhkan dalam menambah angka harapan hidup pasien dengan henti jantung. Pemantapan materi High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation di kuliah menjadi dasar pengetahuan dan ketermapilan mahasiswa ketika sudah bekerja di tatanan klinik untuk melakukan High Quality CPR . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengetahuan tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation pada alumni keperawatan STIKES. Dr. Soebandi Jember. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik Sampel penelitian ini melibatkan 48 responden. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling selama 1 bulan. Teknik pengambilan data dengan menggunakan google form. Hasilnya adalah 100% responden pernah mengikuti pelatihan kegawatdaruratan, 77,1% responden bekerja di klinik/rumah sakit, 81,3% responden pernah melakukan CPR pada pasien dan pengetahuan responden tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation masih di bawah nilai 100, yaitu rata-rata pengetahuan dengan nilai 75,83. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan tentang High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation perlu ditingkatkan dengan pemantapan materi pada saat tahap kuliah di program sarjana keperawatan.
Kata Kunci : High Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Henti Jantung, Alumni Keperawatan
Demonstrasi First Aid Pada Polisi Untuk Penanganan Korban Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas
Authors: Bayu Akbar Khayudin  , H.S Angger 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Prehospital care merupakan pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh perawat ambulan di luar rumah sakit pada keadaan gawat darurat baik trauma maupun non trauma. Salah satu contoh penyebab kejadian gawat darurat adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas. Penolong korban kecelakaan yang sering dijumpai dan memberikan first aid adalah petugas kepolisian. Akan tetapi keterampilan petugas kepolisian dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama pada korban kecelakaan masih dipertanyakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterampilan polisi dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama kecelakaan lalu lintas.
Desain pra eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest design. sample yang diambil sebanyak 50 responden dengan Teknik non probability sampling yaitu purposive sampling.
Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa sebelum diberikan demonstrasi first aid menunjukkan responden yang memiliki keterampilan cukup yaitu 50 responden (100%). setelah dilakukan demonstrasi first aid sebagian besar responden setelah dilaksanakan demonstrasi memiliki keterampilan cukup yaitu 35 responden (70%) dan 15 responden (30%) memiliki keterampilan baik. Berdasarkan uji Wilcoxon signed ranks test nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh adalah Sig. 0.000.
Kesimpulannya bahwa ada pengaruh demonstrasi first aid pada polisi lalu lintas untuk penanganan korban kecelakaan lalu lintas.
Kata Kunci : Polisi, Kecelakaan, Pertolongan Pertama
CRIMINAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC DANGEROUS EFFECTS OF RAPE
Authors: Акопов Эдуард Мясникович 
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблемных аспектов ст. 131 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации: вопросов вменения, квалификации, латентности данного деяния. Автором рассматриваются трудности квалификации данного преступления (ст. 131) от смежных статей Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации. Для анализа субъектов данных преступлений автором выделены группы потерпевших женщин, достигших совершеннолетия, несовершеннолетних девочек и малолетних девочек, не достигших 12 лет, которые не могли осознавать совершаемых с ними действий. Также в статье рассматривается применение физического насилия для достижения состояния несопротивления от потерпевшей, которое часто приводит к причинению различного вида тяжести вреда здоровью (побои, легкий, средний, тяжелый вред здоровью), и психического насилия (угроза причинения физического насилия к иным лицам), которое влечет дополнительную квалификацию по другим статьям Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации, а также правила их квалификации.
The article is devoted to the consideration of the problematic aspects of Art. 131 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: questions of imputation, qualification, latency of this act. The author examines the difficulties of qualifying this crime (Art. 131) from related articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. For the analysis of the subjects of these crimes, the author singled out groups of women victims who have reached the age of majority, minor girls and young girls under 12 years old, who could not realize the actions committed with them. The article also discusses the use of physical violence to achieve a state of non-resistance from the victim, which often leads to infliction of various types of severity of harm to health (beatings, light, moderate, severe harm to health), and mental violence (threat of physical violence to other persons), which entails additional qualifications under other articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the rules for their qualification.
HUBUNGAN DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN DENGAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PADA PT. HUTAMA TOUR DAN TRAVEL KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Irawanto Tito , Gayatri Ida Ayu Made Er Meytha 
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas pelayanan dengan loyalitas pelanggan pada PT. Hutama Tour dan Travel Kota Bengkulu. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 orang pelanggan yang melakukan studi tour pada PT. Hutama Tour dan Travel Kota Bengkulu pada tahun 2019. Metode pengumpulan data yang di gunakan adalah kuesioner dan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah korelasi rank spearman dan pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t.
Hasil korelasi rank spearman menunjukkan hubungan kualitas pelayanan dengan loyalitas pelanggan pada PT. Hutama Tour dan Travel Kota Bengkulu memiliki korelasi yang sangat kuat dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,864, ini berarti bahwa semakin baik kualitas pelayanan pada PT. Hutama Tour dan Travel Kota Bengkulu maka akan semakin tinggi pula loyalitas pelanggan pada PT. Hutama Tour dan Travel Kota Bengkulu. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasil uji hipotesis bahwa thitung lebih besar dari ttabel (9,389 >1,697).
A Search for Companions via Direct Imaging in the DSHARP Planet-forming Disks
Authors: Jorquera Sebastian , Pérez Laura M. , Chauvin Gaël , Benisty Myriam , Zhu Zhaohuan , Isella Andrea , Huang Jane , Ricci Luca , Andrews Sean M. , Zhang Shangjia , Carpenter John M. , Kurtovic Nicolás T. , Birnstiel Tilman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The “Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project” (DSHARP) has revealed an abundance and ubiquity of rings and gaps over a large sample of young planet-forming disks, which are hypothesized to be induced by the presence of forming planets. In this context, we present the first attempt to directly image these young companions for 10 of the DSHARP disks, by using the NaCo/VLT high-contrast observations in L′ band instrument and angular differential imaging techniques. We report the detection of a point-like source candidate at 11 (174.9 au) for RU Lup and at 042 (55 au) for Elias 24. In the case of RU Lup, the proper motion of the candidate is consistent with a stationary background contaminant, based on the astrometry derived from our observations and available archival data. For Elias 24 the point-like source candidate is located in one of the disk gaps at 55 au. Assuming that it is a planetary companion, our analysis suggests a mass ranging from 0.5M
J up to 5M
J, depending on the presence of a circumplanetary disk and its contribution to the luminosity of the system. However, no clear confirmation is obtained at this stage, and follow-up observations are mandatory to verify that the proposed source is physical, comoving with the stellar host, and associated with a young massive planet sculpting the gap observed at 55 au. For all the remaining systems, the lack of detections suggests the presence of planetary companions with masses lower than 5M
J, based on our derived mass detection limits. This is consistent with predictions of both hydrodynamical simulations and kinematical signatures on the disk and allows us to set upper limits on the presence of massive planets in these young disks.
Estimating Distances from Parallaxes. V. Geometric and Photogeometric Distances to 1.47 Billion Stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3
Authors: Bailer-Jones C. A. L. , Rybizki J. , Fouesneau M. , Demleitner M. , Andrae R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Stellar distances constitute a foundational pillar of astrophysics. The publication of 1.47 billion stellar parallaxes from Gaia is a major contribution to this. Despite Gaia’s precision, the majority of these stars are so distant or faint that their fractional parallax uncertainties are large, thereby precluding a simple inversion of parallax to provide a distance. Here we take a probabilistic approach to estimating stellar distances that uses a prior constructed from a three-dimensional model of our Galaxy. This model includes interstellar extinction and Gaia’s variable magnitude limit. We infer two types of distance. The first, geometric, uses the parallax with a direction-dependent prior on distance. The second, photogeometric, additionally uses the color and apparent magnitude of a star, by exploiting the fact that stars of a given color have a restricted range of probable absolute magnitudes (plus extinction). Tests on simulated data and external validations show that the photogeometric estimates generally have higher accuracy and precision for stars with poor parallaxes. We provide a catalog of 1.47 billion geometric and 1.35 billion photogeometric distances together with asymmetric uncertainty measures. Our estimates are quantiles of a posterior probability distribution, so they transform invariably and can therefore also be used directly in the distance modulus (

). The catalog may be downloaded or queried using ADQL at various sites (see http://www.mpia.de/~calj/gedr3_distances.html), where it can also be cross-matched with the Gaia catalog.
Probing the Capability of Future Direct-imaging Missions to Spectrally Constrain the Frequency of Earth-like Planets
Authors: Checlair Jade H. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Hayworth Benjamin P. C. , Olson Stephanie L. , Komacek Thaddeus D. , Robinson Tyler D. , Popović Predrag , Yang Huanzhou , Abbot Dorian S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A critical question in astrobiology is whether exo-Earth candidates (EECs) are Earth-like, in that they originate life that progressively oxygenates their atmospheres similarly to Earth. We propose answering this question statistically by searching for O2 and O3 on EECs with missions such as HabEx or LUVOIR. We explore the ability of these missions to constrain the fraction, f
E, of EECs that are Earth-like in the event of a null detection of O2 or O3 on all observed EECs. We use the Planetary Spectrum Generator to simulate observations of EECs with O2 and O3 levels based on Earth’s history. We consider four instrument designs—LUVOIR-A (15 m), LUVOIR-B (8 m), HabEx with a starshade (4 m, “HabEx/SS”), and HabEx without a starshade (4 m, “HabEx/no-SS”)—as well as three estimates of the occurrence rate of EECs (η
earth): 24%, 5%, and 0.5%. In the case of a null detection, we find that for η
earth = 24%, LUVOIR-A, LUVOIR-B, and HabEx/SS would constrain f
E to ≤0.094, ≤0.18, and ≤0.56, respectively. This also indicates that if f
E is greater than these upper limits, we are likely to detect O3 on at least one EEC. Conversely, we find that HabEx/no-SS cannot constrain f
E, due to the lack of a coronagraph ultraviolet channel. For η
earth = 5%, only LUVOIR-A and LUVOIR-B would be able to constrain f
E, to ≤0.45 and ≤0.85, respectively. For η
earth = 0.5%, none of the missions would allow us to constrain f
E, due to the low number of detectable EECs. We conclude that the ability to constrain f
E is more robust to uncertainties in η
earth for missions with larger aperture mirrors. However, all missions are susceptible to an inconclusive null detection if η
earth is sufficiently low.
Time-resolved Rotational Velocities in the Upper Atmosphere of WASP-33 b*
Authors: Cauley P. Wilson , Wang Ji , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Ilyin Ilya , Strassmeier Klaus G. , Redfield Seth , Jensen Adam G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While steady empirical progress has been made in understanding the structure and composition of hot-planet atmospheres, direct measurements of velocity signatures, including winds, rotation, and jets, have lagged behind. Quantifying atmospheric dynamics of hot planets is critical for a complete understanding of their atmospheres, and such measurements may even illuminate other planetary properties, such as magnetic field strengths. In this manuscript we present the first detection of the Balmer lines Hα and Hβ in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33 b. Using atmospheric models that include the effects of atmospheric dynamics, we show that the shape of the average Balmer line transmission spectrum is consistent with rotational velocities in the planet’s thermosphere of

km s−1. We also measure a low-significance day- to nightside velocity shift of

km s−1 in the transmission spectrum, which is naturally explained by a global wind across the planet’s terminator. In a separate analysis the time-resolved velocity centroids of individual transmission spectra show unambiguous evidence of rotation, with a best-fit velocity of

km s−1, consistent with the value of v
rot derived from the shape of the average Balmer line transmission spectrum. Our observations and analysis confirm the power of time-resolved transmission spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio to measure the velocity structures in exoplanet atmospheres. The high rotational and wind velocities we measure highlight the need for more detailed 3D global climate simulations of the rarefied upper atmospheres of ultra-hot gas giants.
Determining the Variations of Ca–K Index and Features Using Century-long Equal-contrast Images from Kodaikanal Observatory
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Priyal Muthu , Ravindra B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In an earlier analysis of Ca–K spectroheliograms obtained at the Kodaikanal Observatory, the “Good” images were used to investigate variations in the chromosphere. However, the contrast of the images varied on a day-to-day basis. We have developed a new methodology to generate images to form a uniform time series. We adjusted each image’s contrast until the FWHM of the normalized intensity distribution attained a value between 0.10 and 0.11. This “equal-contrast technique” is expected to compensate for the change of emulsion, development, and contrast of the images due to centering of the Ca–K line on the exit slit and sky transparency. In addition, this procedure will correct variations in density-to-intensity conversion for different images. We find that the correlation between sunspot and Ca–K line data improves to a large extent. For example, the correlation coefficient (CC) between monthly averaged sunspots and Ca–K plage areas for the equal-contrast data reaches 0.9 compared to 0.75 for the “Good” data with unequal contrast. The CC for equal-contrast images improves to ∼0.78 from ∼0.46 for the “Okay” data with unequal contrast. Even the CC between the plage area and the daily sunspot number is 0.85 for 100 years of data. This methodology also permits us, for the first time, to study the variations in enhanced, active, and quiet networks with time with high accuracy over about a century. Further, this procedure can be used to combine data from different observatories to make a long time series.
Identification of Cosmic Voids as Massive Cluster Counterparts
Authors: Shim Junsup , Park Changbom , Kim Juhan , Hwang Ho Seong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We develop a method to identify cosmic voids from the matter density field by adopting a physically motivated concept that voids are the counterpart of massive clusters. To prove the concept we use a pair of ΛCDM simulations, a reference and its initial density-inverted mirror simulation, and study the relation between the effective size of voids and the mass of corresponding clusters. Galaxy cluster-scale dark matter halos are identified in the Mirror simulation at z = 0 by linking dark matter particles. The void corresponding to each cluster is defined in the Reference simulation as the region occupied by the member particles of the cluster. We study the voids corresponding to the halos more massive than 1013
h
−1
M
⊙. We find a power-law scaling relation between the void size and the corresponding cluster mass. Voids with a corresponding cluster mass above 1015
h
−1
M
⊙ occupy ∼1% of the total simulated volume, whereas this fraction increases to ∼54% for voids with a corresponding cluster mass above 1013
h
−1
M
⊙. It is also found that the density profile of the identified voids follows a universal functional form. Based on these findings, we propose a method to identify cluster-counterpart voids directly from the matter density field without their mirror information by utilizing three parameters such as the smoothing scale, density threshold, and minimum core fraction. We recover voids corresponding to clusters more massive than 3 × 1014
h
−1
M
⊙ at a 70%–74% level of completeness and reliability. Our results suggest that we are able to identify voids in a way to associate them with clusters of a particular mass scale.
Variations of Peak He/H Ratios in Solar Energetic (E > 4 MeV) Particle Events and Comparisons with Solar Wind He/H Ratios
Authors: Kahler S. W. , Brown D. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We determine solar energetic particle (SEP) event He/H peak intensity ratios A
He observed in the four energy channels of the SOHO EPHIN detector covering 4–53 MeV nuc−1. Those SEP A
He values range over two orders of magnitude for 43 large western hemisphere SEP events through the period 1997–2017. A
He of each SEP event are compared with average solar wind (SW) A
He values measured for 8 hr after the SEP event onsets with the solar wind experiment Faraday Cup instrument on Wind. A
He in the 4–8 and 8–21 MeV nuc−1 range are significantly correlated with SW A
He (CC = 0.45 and 0.41), but less so in the 21–41 and 41–53 MeV nuc−1 range, where uncertainties of the A
He values are higher. Median SEP A
He values decline slightly with increasing energy and are ≤0.5 their associated SW values. Both median SEP and SW A
He decline by a factor of ∼2 from the 27 events of cycle 23 to the 16 of cycle 24. Those results suggest a connection between the SW and the seed population of SEP events. An unexpected result is that SEP A
He increases with event peak intensities in our 43 events as He peak intensities increase faster than those of H in larger events.
Two-dimensional Radiation-hydrodynamic Simulations of Supernova Ejecta with a Central Power Source
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Maeda Keiichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the results of two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of expanding supernova ejecta with a central energy source. As suggested in previous multidimensional hydrodynamic simulations, a sufficiently powerful central energy source can blow away the expanding supernova ejecta, leading to efficient mixing of stratified layers in the ejecta. We assume that the energy injection is realized in the form of nonthermal radiation from the wind nebula embedded at the center of the ejecta. We found that the multidimensional mixing in the ejecta assists the injected nonthermal radiation escaping from the ejecta. When the nonthermal radiation is absorbed by the ejecta, it is converted into bright thermal radiation or is consumed as the kinetic energy of the supernova ejecta. We found that central energy sources with injection timescale similar to the photon diffusion timescale realize an efficient conversion of the injected energy into thermal radiation. On the other hand, rapid energy injection ends up accelerating the ejecta rather than giving rise to bright thermal emission. This remarkable difference potentially explains the diversity of energetic supernovae including broad-lined Ic and superluminous supernovae.