bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evaluation and management of neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Shah Vibhuti , Coroneos Christopher J , Ng Eugene 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Neonatal brachial plexus palsy presents at birth and can be a debilitating condition with long-term consequences. Presentation at birth depends on the extent of nerve injury, and can vary from transient weakness to global paresis, with active range of motion affected. Serial clinical examination after birth and during the neonatal period (first month of life) is crucial to assess recovery and predicts long-term outcomes. This position statement guides the evaluation of neonates for risk factors at birth, early referral to a multidisciplinary specialized team, and ongoing communication between community providers and specialists to optimize childhood outcomes.
Broad-spectrum fungal resistance in sorghum is conferred through the complex regulation of an immune receptor gene embedded in a natural antisense transcript
Authors: Lee Sanghun , Fu Fuyou , Liao Chao-Jan , Mewa Demeke B , Adeyanju Adedayo , Ejeta Gebisa , Lisch Damon , Mengiste Tesfaye 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor), the fifth most widely grown cereal crop globally, provides food security for millions of people. Anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum sublineola is a major disease of sorghum worldwide. We discovered a major fungal resistance locus in sorghum composed of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor gene ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENE1 (ARG1) that is completely nested in an intron of a cis-natural antisense transcript (NAT) gene designated CARRIER OF ARG1 (CARG). Susceptible genotypes express CARG and two alternatively spliced ARG1 transcripts encoding truncated proteins lacking the leucine-rich repeat domains. In resistant genotypes, elevated expression of an intact allele of ARG1, attributed to the loss of CARG transcription and the presence of miniature inverted-repeat transposable element sequences, resulted in broad-spectrum resistance to fungal pathogens with distinct virulence strategies. Increased ARG1 expression in resistant genotypes is also associated with higher histone H3K4 and H3K36 methylation. In susceptible genotypes, lower ARG1 expression is associated with reduced H3K4 and H3K36 methylation and increased expression of NATs of CARG. The repressive chromatin state associated with H3K9me2 is low in CARG-expressing genotypes within the CARG exon and higher in genotypes with low CARG expression. Thus, ARG1 is regulated by multiple mechanisms and confers broad-spectrum, strong resistance to fungal pathogens.
Randomized Trial of Fetal Surgery for Severe Left Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Deprest Jan A. , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Benachi Alexandra , Gratacos Eduard , Ryan Greg , Persico Nicola , Sago Haruhiko , Johnson Anthony , Wielgoś Mirosław , Berg Christoph , Van Calster Ben , Russo Francesca M. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;385:107–118)
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurs in approximately 1 in 4000 births, and 85% of these cases have the defect on the left side. The condition is associated with neonatal death due to respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension.
Preliminary Findings of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons
Authors: Shimabukuro Tom T. , Kim Shin Y. , Myers Tanya R. , Moro Pedro L. , Oduyebo Titilope , Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , Marquez Paige L. , Olson Christine K. , Liu Ruiling , Chang Karen T. , Ellington Sascha R. , Burkel Veronica K. , Smoots Ashley N. , Green Caitlin J. , Licata Charles , Zhang Bicheng C. , Alimchandani Meghna , Mba-Jonas Adamma , Martin Stacey W. , Gee Julianne M. , Meaney-Delman Dana M. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2021;384:2273–2282)
The first coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines in the United States were the messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna). Pregnant persons were excluded from the original Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) issued by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2020.
Intramuscular Progesterone Optimizes Live Birth From Programmed Frozen Embryo Transfer: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Devine Kate , Richter Kevin S. , Jahandideh Samad , Widra Eric A. , McKeeby Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2021;116:633–643)
Approximately one third of assisted reproductive cycles in the United States are classified as frozen embryo transfer (FET). Given the widespread utilization of FET in the treatment of infertility, identifying endometrial preparation protocols that optimize live birth is critical.
Adenovirus Infection in Hospitalized Children with Acute Respiratory Infection in Jordan
Authors: Probst Varvara , Rankin Danielle A. , Haddadin Zaid , Hamdan Lubna , Rahman Herdi K. , Yanis Ahmad , Talj Rana , Spieker Andrew J. , Howard Leigh , Stewart Laura S. , Guevara Claudia , Yepsen Erin , Faouri Samir , Shehabi Asem , Williams John V. , Chappell James , Khuri-Bulos Najwa , Halasa Natasha B. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The most common clinical manifestation of adenovirus (AdV) infection is acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specific AdV species associated with ARI hospitalizations are not well defined in the Middle East.

Methods:
A viral surveillance study was conducted among children <2 years hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, from March 2010 to March 2013. Nasal and throat respiratory specimens were obtained from enrolled children and tested for viruses using a real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AdV-positive specimens were typed by partial hexon gene sequencing. Demographic and clinical features were compared between AdV detected as single pathogen versus co-detected with other respiratory viruses, and between AdV-B and AdV-C species.

Results:
AdV was detected in 475/3168 (15%) children hospitalized with ARI; of these, 216 (45%) specimens were successfully typed with AdV-C as the most common species detected (140/216; 65%). Children with AdV-single detection (88/475; 19%) had a higher frequency of fever (71% vs. 56%; P=0.015), diarrhea (18% vs. 11%; p=0.048), and/or seizures/abnormal movements (14% vs. 5%; p=0.003). Children with AdV co-detected with other viruses more likely required oxygen support [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.91 (95% CI: 1.08, 3.39), P = 0.027] than those with AdV-single detection. Children with AdV-C had higher odds of co-detections with other viruses compared with those with AdV-B [aOR 4.00 (95% CI: 1.91, 8.44), P < 0.001].

Conclusion:
Clinical differences were identified between AdV-single and AdV co-detected with other viruses, and between AdV-B and AdV-C. Larger studies with AdV typing are needed to determine additional epidemiological and clinical differences between specific AdV species and types.
Laparoscopic Port-Site Hernia: An Underrecognized Iatrogenic Complication of Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: De Alwis Dinushi , Ades Alex , Nanayakkara Pavitra 
Published: December 2021

Importance
Port-site hernia is an iatrogenic complication with a documented incidence between 0.65% and 2.8%. However, the true incidence could be higher because of delayed onset, asymptomatic nature, and loss to follow-up. Port-site hernia could be further complicated by incarceration or strangulation leading to small bowel obstruction requiring emergent surgical intervention, thus imposing significant financial and emotional burden to patients.

Objective
This article aims to provide a summary of the available literature concerning port-site hernia and explore preventive strategies for future clinical practice.

Evidence Acquisition
This review was formulated through electronic literature searches in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The reference lists of the included studies were hand searched to identify other relevant articles to capture all available literature in this narrative review.

Results
Following screening for eligibility based on relevance to the topic under consideration, 28 studies were identified. This included 5 original articles, 1 case series, and 22 review articles, including 4 systematic reviews. Included studies were critically appraised in formulating this review.

Conclusions
Port-site hernia is an underrecognized yet preventable complication with careful consideration of predisposing technical and host factors, thorough attention to surgical technique, or use of a fascial closure device.

Relevance
With the widespread and increasing use of laparoscopic methods to treat surgical pathologies, knowledge of this complication is imperative to encourage prevention strategies and facilitate early recognition and management should it occur.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, physicians should be better able to define and differentiate the types of port-site hernia; describe technical and host factors that predispose to the development of port-site hernia; identify potential complications of port-site hernia; and apply technical and prosthetic strategies to prevent port-site hernia in the future.
Fractionated Carbon Dioxide Laser for the Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mitchell Leia , Goldstein Andrew T. , Heller Debra , Mautz Theodora , Thorne Chelsea , Kong So Yeon Joyce , Sophocles Maria E. , Tolson Hillary , Krapf Jill M. 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2021;137:979–987)
Approximately 1 in 70 women experience vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS), a chronic skin disorder characterized by white lesions and the destruction of the vulvar architecture. Women with VLS present with intense itching, pain, burning, and painful intercourse.
Cumulative Live Birth Rates Following Insemination With Donor Spermatozoa in Single Women, Same-Sex Couples and Heterosexual Patients
Authors: Linara-Demakakou Elena , Bodri Daniel , Wang Jinjun , Arian-Schad Mimi , Macklon Nick , Ahuja Kamal 
Published: December 2021

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2020;41:1007–1014)
Changes in social attitudes and increasing accessibility of fertility treatment have contributed to an increase in single women and same-sex couples using these services. The majority of the time, these patients are not infertile and favor donor intrauterine insemination (IUI-D), the least invasive and simplest treatment.
Defining and Studying Errors in Surgical Care
Authors: Marsh Katherine M. , Turrentine Florence E. , Knight Karen , Attridge Elaine , Chen Xizhao , Vittitow Stephany , Jones R. Scott 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Our objective was to determine the extent surgical disciplines categorize, define, and study errors, then use this information to provide recommendations for both current practice and future study.

Summary of Background Data:
The report “To Err is Human” brought the ubiquity of medical errors to public attention. Variability in subsequent literature suggests the true prevalence of error remains unknown.

Methods:
In January 2020, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Only studies with Oxford Level of Evidence Level 3 or higher were included.

Results:
Of 3064 studies, 92 met inclusion criteria: 6 randomized controlled trials, 4 systematic reviews, 24 cohort, 10 before-after, 35 outcome/audit, 5 cross sectional and 8 case-control studies. Over 15,933,430 patients and 162,113 errors were represented. There were 6 broad error categories, 13 different definitions of error, and 14 study methods.

Conclusions:
Reported prevalence of error varied widely due to a lack of standardized categorization, definitions, and study methods. Future research should focus on immediately recognizing errors to minimize harm.
Paternal stress in rats increased oxytocin, oxytocin receptor, and arginine vasopressin gene expression in the male offspring amygdala with no effect on their social interaction behaviors
Authors: Mardanpour Mahboobeh , Ghavidel Nooshin , Asadi Sareh , Khodagholi Fariba 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Environmental and hereditary factors play roles in shaping the personality of offspring which are often associated with gene expression alterations. The long-term effects of the environment that are modulated by the epigenetic mechanisms can be even transmitted to the next generations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of paternal stress, such as paternal aggression and food deprivation, on the social interaction behaviors of offspring in adulthood and the expression of genes that are associated with these behaviors.

Methods
The intruder-resident method, followed by an electric shock, was used to induce aggression in male Wistar rats before mating. To induce food deprivation, father rats were given 10 g pellets every day without restriction on water consumption for 2 weeks before mating. Social interactions of the male offspring were evaluated at the age of 8 weeks using a three-chamber social interaction test. Real-time PCR was applied to quantify the expression levels of oxytocin (OXT), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), and arginine vasopressin (AVP) genes in the amygdala of offspring. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the means of experimental groups.

Results
The results did not show significant changes in the social interaction behaviors for the offspring of aggressive and food-deprived fathers compared to the control group. However, molecular investigations indicated increased levels of OXT, OXTR, and AVP gene expression in the offspring amygdala of aggressive and food-deprived fathers.

Conclusion
The results showed that paternal stress, such as aggression and food deprivation, induced gene expression alterations in the offspring, although they did not affect their social interaction behaviors.
Expression characteristics of long noncoding RNA and messenger RNA in human traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhang Li , Tian Mi , Wang Handong , Mao Lei 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
The role of long noncoding RNAs has attracted significant attention in diseases. However, their expression characteristics in human traumatic brain injury are unclear.

Methods
The brain contusion tissues and tissues adjacent to the brain contusion from 6 server traumatic brain injury patients were used to analyze differential expression signatures of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs via full-length transcriptome sequencing, Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and establishment of a long noncoding RNA/mRNA coexpression network.

Results
We identified 1720 long noncoding RNAs and 1632 mRNAs differential expression. Microarray analysis showed that 874 long noncoding RNAs and 1405 mRNAs were upregulated, 846 long noncoding RNAs and 227 mRNAs were downregulated. Subsequently, we used Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to reveal signaling pathways that were associated with target genes. Then, a long noncoding RNA/mRNA coexpression network was generated, which showed an absolute correlation coefficient value >0.99 for 559 long noncoding RNA-mRNA pairs. Finally, we comprehensive analyzed long noncoding RNA/mRNA coexpression network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and found the top five pairs of long noncoding RNA/mRNA. Accordingly, we identified that long noncoding RNA tubulin beta 6 class V/nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 was most closely related to the pathological process after traumatic brain injury.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs were different after traumatic brain injury, providing new insight regarding long noncoding RNAs in human traumatic brain injury.
Self-tuition as an essential design feature of the brain
Authors: Leopold David A. , Averbeck Bruno B. 
Published: December 2021

We are curious by nature, particularly when young. Evolution has endowed our brain with an inbuilt obligation to educate itself. In this perspectives article, we posit that self-tuition is an evolved principle of vertebrate brain design that is reflected in its basic architecture and critical for its normal development. Self-tuition involves coordination between functionally distinct components of the brain, with one set of areas motivating exploration that leads to the experiences that train another set. We review key hypothalamic and telencephalic structures involved in this interplay, including their anatomical connections and placement within the segmental architecture of conserved forebrain circuits. We discuss the nature of educative behaviours motivated by the hypothalamus, innate stimulus biases, the relationship to survival in early life, and mechanisms by which telencephalic areas gradually accumulate knowledge. We argue that this aspect of brain function is of paramount importance for systems neuroscience, as it confers neural specialization and allows animals to attain far more sophisticated behaviours than would be possible through genetic mechanisms alone. Self-tuition is of particular importance in humans and other primates, whose large brains and complex social cognition rely critically on experience-based learning during a protracted childhood period.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Systems neuroscience through the lens of evolutionary theory’.
midline represses Dpp signaling and target gene expression in Drosophila ventral leg development
Authors: Phillips Lindsay A. , Atienza Markle L. , Ryu Jae-Ryeon , Svendsen Pia C. , Kelemen Lynn K. , Brook William J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVentral leg patterning in Drosophila is controlled by the expression of the redundant T-box Transcription factors midline (mid) and H15. Here we show that mid represses the Dpp-activated gene Daughters against decapentaplegic (Dad) through a consensus TBE site in the minimal enhancer, Dad13. Mutating the Dad13 DNA sequence results in an increased and broadening of Dad expression. We further demonstrate that the engrailed-homology-1 domain of Mid is critical for regulating the levels of phospho-Mad, a transducer of Dpp-signaling. However, we find that mid does not affect all Dpp-target genes as we demonstrate that brinker (brk) expression is unresponsive to mid. This study further illuminates the interplay between mechanisms involved in determination of cellular fate and the varied roles of mid.Summary statementVentral patterning is controlled in part by the T-box Transcription factor midline blocking Dpp signaling and Dpp-activated genes, though midline does not affect the Dpp-repressed gene brk.
Harnessing the Intrinsic Photochemistry of Isoxazoles for the Development of Chemoproteomic Crosslinking Methods
Authors: Lougee Marshall G. , Pagar Vinayak Vishnu , Kim Hee Jong , Pancoe Samantha X. , Mach Robert H. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Petersson E. James 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTPhoto-crosslinking is a powerful technique for identifying both coarse- and fine-grained information on protein binding by small molecules. However, the scope of useful functional groups remains limited, with most studies focusing on diazirine, aryl azide, or benzophenone-containing molecules. Here, we report a unique method for photo-crosslinking, employing the intrinsic photochemistry of the isoxazole, a common heterocycle in medicinal chemistry, to offer an alternative to existing strategies using more perturbing, extrinsic crosslinkers. In this initial report, this technique is applied bothin vitroandex vivo, used in a variety of common chemoproteomic workflows, and validated across multiple proteins, demonstrating the utility of isoxazole photo-crosslinking in a wide range of biologically relevant experiments.
Alveoli form directly by budding led by a single epithelial cell
Authors: Gillich Astrid , St. Julien Krystal R. , Brownfield Douglas G. , Travaglini Kyle J. , Metzger Ross J. , Krasnow Mark A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOxygen passes along the ramifying branches of the lung’s bronchial tree and enters the blood through millions of tiny, thin-walled gas exchange sacs called alveoli. Classical histological studies have suggested that alveoli arise late in development by a septation process that subdivides large air sacs into smaller compartments. Although a critical role has been proposed for contractile myofibroblasts, the mechanism of alveolar patterning and morphogenesis is not well understood. Here we present the three-dimensional cellular structure of alveoli, and show using single-cell labeling and deep imaging that an alveolus in the mouse lung is composed of just 2 epithelial cells and a total of a dozen cells of 7 different types, each with a remarkable, distinctive structure. By mapping alveolar development at cellular resolution at a specific position in the branch lineage, we find that alveoli form surprisingly early by direct budding of epithelial cells out from the airway stalk between enwrapping smooth muscle cells that rearrange into a ring of 3-5 myofibroblasts at the alveolar base. These alveolar entrance myofibroblasts are anatomically and developmentally distinct from myofibroblasts that form the thin fiber partitions of alveolar complexes (‘partitioning’ myofibroblasts). The nascent alveolar bud is led by a single alveolar type 2 (AT2) cell following selection from epithelial progenitors; a lateral inhibitory signal transduced by Notch ensures selection of only one cell so its trailing neighbor acquires AT1 fate and flattens into the cup-shaped wall of the alveolus. Our analysis suggests an elegant new model of alveolar patterning and formation that provides the foundation for understanding the cellular and molecular basis of alveolar diseases and regeneration.One Sentence SummaryWe report a direct budding mechanism of alveolar development distinct from the classical model of subdivision (‘septation’) of large air sacs.