bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life expectancy with and without dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment in the community
Authors: Mooldijk Sanne S. , Yaqub Amber , Wolters Frank J. , Licher Silvan , Koudstaal Peter J. , Ikram M. Kamran , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious clinical studies have provided estimates of life expectancy of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from outpatient clinics, but whether these apply to community‐dwelling individuals at home or in primary care is uncertain.MethodsWithin the population‐based Rotterdam Study, we studied life expectancy with and without dementia in 648 community‐dwelling persons with MCI and 6410 without MCI. Participants aged 60 years and older were assessed for MCI at baseline (2002–2014) and subsequently followed for the onset of dementia and death. We used multistate life tables to determine age‐specific life expectancy with and without dementia by sex, educational attainment, and MCI subtype.ResultsTotal life expectancy for MCI ranged from 21.4 years (95% CI: 19.0–23.6) at age 60 to 2.6 years (1.6–3.6) at age 95. With advancing age, an increasing proportion of these years was lived with dementia (2.9 years [1.8–4.0] at age 60; 1.2 [0.2–2.2] at age 95). Women and higher educated individuals lived longer and lived more years with dementia. No differences in total life expectancy were observed by MCI subtype, although individuals with amnestic MCI lived a larger proportion of those years with dementia.ConclusionsPrognosis of MCI, in terms of life years lived with and without dementia, is more favorable in the general population than described in prior clinical observations, due likely to a substantial proportion of individuals with MCI in the clinic not seeking medical attention in an earlier stage.
Differentiation of frontal fibrosing alopecia and Lichen planopilaris on trichoscopy: A comprehensive review
Authors: Rajan Aswath , Rudnicka Lidia , Szepietowski Jacek C. , Lallas Aimilios , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTrichoscopy in dermatology has opened up the new concept in overcoming the optical challenge faced clinically. It reveals the diagnostic details to the depth of superficial dermis, and thereby increasing the clinician's diagnostic accuracy and the level of confidence. The importance of trichoscopy in cicatricial alopecia is very evident in the current scenario for its precise diagnosis. The clinical picture in delineating lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) from each other and also from other close mimickers such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, female patterned hair loss, and other cicatricial alopecia is bewildered due to its varied presentation and co‐existence with the above disease. The indecisive comparative findings on histopathology make the situation even more perplexed. In this article, we have reviewed the characteristic trichoscopy patterns that can differentiate LPP and FFA and from their close mimickers.
The use of light in the treatment of acne vulgaris—a review
Authors: Zdrada Julita , Stolecka‐Warzecha Anna , Odrzywołek Wiktoria , Deda Anna , Błońska‐Fajfrowska Barbara , Wilczyński Sławomir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTopical and oral antibiotic therapy is also a popular method of treatment. The effectiveness of this method is limited by the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. Over the decades since the introduction of antibiotics to treat acne, the resistance levels of bacteria have changed. This defense mechanism is developed evolutionarily. Modifications of antibiotic receptor sites, alteration of drug influx/efflux, or enzymatic degradation are common mechanisms used by bacteria to initiate and strengthen internal antibiotic resistance. The basic chromophores used in light therapy are hemoglobin, melanin, water bound to proteins, and porphyrins. Hemoglobin absorbs light mainly at 580 nm, while melanin absorbs the entire visible spectral range (400–750 nm). Porphyrins are aromatic compounds, classified as photosensitizing substances, intensively absorbing blue light, and to a lesser extent in long visible bands, such as orange and red light. Using IPL makes it possible to cover the maximum light absorption of porphyrins and hemoglobin, therefore it can be an effective tool in the treatment of inflammatory lesions in acne vulgaris. In view of the effectiveness of light therapy and its effect even on antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, it is worth considering the possibility of using light therapy instead of antibiotic therapy. Due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobials, they should be used with caution and as a last resort. The high‐energy light treatment act only locally (unlike with antibiotics taken orally) and on a chromophore, such as melanin, hemoglobin, or porphyrins.
Effect of modified levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system in human adenomyosis with heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Yang Hong , Wang Shengtan , Fu Xiaoyan , Lan Ruihong , Gong Humin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine (LNG‐IUS) system is an effective primary treatment for adenomyosis; however, it has high expulsion rates. We aimed to modify the system—allowing affixion to the myometrium—and evaluate the expulsion rate, effectiveness, and side effects in patients with adenomyosis and heavy menstrual bleeding.MethodsThis study included patients with adenomyosis and heavy menstrual bleeding who underwent implantation of: a modified LNG‐IUS (experimental group, n = 47); and the original system after gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment (control group, n = 47), between January 2014 and April 2016.ResultsIn the experimental group, two device expulsions occurred 12–18 months postimplantation. In the remaining 45 patients, the system was safely removed after the 60‐month validity period, and no extrauterine device movement or infection occurred. In the control group, downward displacement and expulsion of the device occurred in eight (17%) patients within 60 months. The 5‐year total expulsion rates were 4.3% and 17.0% in the experimental and control groups, respectively (p = 0.045). There were significant changes in the pretreatment severity of dysmenorrhea, menstrual volume, uterine volume (cm3), and hemoglobin level in each group compared with after 1 year (p < 0.01 in all groups). The severity of dysmenorrhea, menstrual volume, uterine volume, and hemoglobin level after 1 year were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05 in all groups).ConclusionsUse of the modified LNG‐IUS is a safe, cost‐effective, and simple method for reducing the downward movement and expulsion rate in patients with adenomyosis and heavy menstrual bleeding.
Temporal relationship between sleep‐time masseter muscle activity and apnea–hypopnea events: A pilot study
Authors: Colonna Anna , Cerritelli Luca , Lombardo Luca , Vicini Claudio , Marchese‐Ragona Rosario , Guarda‐Nardini Luca , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep disorder due mainly to peripheral causes, characterized by repeated episodes of obstruction of the upper airways, associated with arousals and snoring. Sleep bruxism (SB) is a masticatory muscle activity during sleep that is characterized as rhythmic (phasic) or nonrhythmic (tonic) and is not a movement disorder or a sleep disorder in otherwise healthy individuals. Given the potentially severe consequences and complications of apnea, the concurrent high prevalence of SB in daily dental practice, getting deeper into the correlation between these phenomena is worthy of interest..Study ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between SB‐related masseter muscle activity (MMA) and apnea–hypopnea events as well as to assess their temporal sequence.MethodsThirty (N = 30) patients with sleep respiratory disorders and clinical suspicion of sleep bruxism (SB) were recruited. Ambulatory polygraphic recording was performed to detect apnea–hypopnea events (AHEs) and sleep bruxism episodes (SBEs). Pearson test was used to assess the correlation between apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and SB index (SBI). A 5‐s time window with respect to the respiratory events was considered to describe the temporal distribution of SBEs. Furthermore, SBI was compared between groups of patients with different AHI severity (i.e., mild, moderate and severe) using ANOVA.ResultsOn average, AHI was 27.1 ± 21.8 and SBI 9.1 ± 7.5. No correlation was shown between AHI and SBI. Most of SBEs (66.8%) occurred without a temporal relationship with respiratory events. Considering OSA, 65.7% of SBEs occurred within 5 s after AHEs, while in the case of central apnea (CA) 83.8% of SBEs occurred before the respiratory event. The participants with severe apnea (N = 9) show a tendency to have higher bruxism indexes when compared to patients with mild (N = 11) and moderate apnea (N = 10).ConclusionsFindings suggest that: 1. At the study population level, there is no correlation between AHI and SBI, as well as any temporal relationship between SBEs and respiratory events. 2. Specific patterns of temporal relationship might be identified with future studies focusing on the different types of apnea–hypopnea events and bruxism activities.
Predicting the number of physical therapy visits and patient satisfaction in individuals with temporomandibular disorder: A cohort study
Authors: Prodoehl Janey , Kraus Steven , Buros Stein Amy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be challenging to manage for clinicians and patients alike. It is unclear which factors are associated with prolonging conservative care and patient dissatisfaction with treatment outcomes.ObjectivesTo examine factors collected during a physical therapy (PT) evaluation in a cohort of individuals with TMD to determine factors associated with an increased number of PT visits and reduced patient satisfaction.MethodsRecords of 511 patients referred to PT over 18 months were reviewed to extract 27 variables to develop a predictive model. Outcomes were patient satisfaction following PT and number of PT visits. Linear and zero inflated negative binomial regressions were used, and a multivariate regression model was built for both outcomes.ResultsTwo factors were associated with both lower patient satisfaction and an increased number of PT visits: higher patient rated functional neck disability and a greater number of healthcare professionals seen. Other factors associated with patient satisfaction were duration of symptoms, subluxation, and referral from an oral surgeon. Only patient rated functional neck disability score was a significant predictive factor in the multivariate model. Factors associated with number of PT visits were gender, educational level, time between initial visit and discharge, number of pain areas, bruxism, biopsychosocial factors, dizziness, pain rating, and presence of neck pain. In the multivariate model, gender, number of healthcare professionals seen, and resting pain rating were significant predictors of number of PT visits.ConclusionConsidering key factors on initial evaluation, specifically functional neck disability and the number of prior healthcare professionals seen before starting PT, can help to predict a higher number of PT visits and reduced patient satisfaction with outcomes.
Comparison of methods to monitor dogs with hypercortisolism treated with trilostane
Authors: Golinelli Stefania , de Marco Viviani , Leal Rodolfo Oliveira , Barbarossa Andrea , Aniballi Camilla , Maietti Elisa , Tardo Antonio Maria , Galac Sara , Fracassi Federico 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test as method to monitor efficacy of trilostane treatment of hypercortisolism (HC) in dogs has been questioned.ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare 12 methods with which to monitor efficacy of trilostane treatment in dogs with HC.AnimalsForty‐five client‐owned dogs with HC treated with trilostane q12h.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional observational study. The dogs were categorized as well‐controlled, undercontrolled, and unwell through a clinical score obtained from an owner questionnaire. The ability to correctly identify trilostane‐treatment control of dogs with HC with the following variables was evaluated: before trilostane serum cortisol (prepill), before‐ACTH serum cortisol, post‐ACTH serum cortisol, plasma endogenous ACTH concentrations, prepill/eACTH ratio, serum haptoglobin (Hp) concentration, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (γGT) and alkaline phosphatase activity, urine specific gravity, and urinary cortisol : creatinine ratio.ResultsNinety‐four re‐evaluations of 44 dogs were included; 5 re‐evaluations of 5 unwell dogs were excluded. Haptoglobin was significantly associated with the clinical score (P < .001) and in the receiver operating characteristic analysis, Hp cutoff of 151 mg/dL correctly identified 90.0% of well‐controlled dogs (specificity) and 65.6% of undercontrolled dogs (sensitivity). Alanine aminotransferase (P = .01) and γGT (P = .009) were significantly higher in undercontrolled dogs. Cutoff of ALT and γGT greater than or equal to 86 U/L and 5.8 U/L, respectively, were significantly associated with poor control of HC by trilostane.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOf all the 12 variables, Hp, and to a lesser degree ALT and γGT, could be considered additional tools to the clinical picture to identify well‐controlled and undercontrolled trilostane‐treated dogs.
The telomere regulatory gene POT1 responds to stress and predicts performance in nature: Implications for telomeres and life history evolution
Authors: Wolf Sarah E. , Sanders Tiana L. , Beltran Sol E. , Rosvall Kimberly A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTelomeres are emerging as correlates of fitness‐related traits and may be important mediators of ecologically relevant variation in life history strategies. Growing evidence suggests that telomere dynamics can be more predictive of performance than length itself, but very little work considers how telomere regulatory mechanisms respond to environmental challenges or influence performance in nature. Here, we combine observational and experimental data sets from free‐living tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) to assess how performance is predicted by the telomere regulatory gene POT1, which encodes a shelterin protein that sterically blocks telomerase from repairing the telomere. First, we show that lower POT1 gene expression in the blood was associated with higher female quality, that is, earlier breeding and heavier body mass. We next challenged mothers with an immune stressor (lipopolysaccharide injection) that led to “sickness” in mothers and 24 h of food restriction in their offspring. While POT1 did not respond to maternal injection, females with lower constitutive POT1 gene expression were better able to maintain feeding rates following treatment. Maternal injection also generated a 1‐day stressor for chicks, which responded with lower POT1 gene expression and elongated telomeres. Other putatively stress‐responsive mechanisms (i.e., glucocorticoids, antioxidants) showed marginal responses in stress‐exposed chicks. Model comparisons indicated that POT1 mRNA abundance was a largely better predictor of performance than telomere dynamics, indicating that telomere regulators may be powerful modulators of variation in life history strategies.
A role of flowering genes in the tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to cucumber mosaic virus
Authors: Shukla Aayushi , Pagán Israel , Crevillén Pedro , Alonso‐Blanco Carlos , García‐Arenal Fernando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe genetic basis of plant tolerance to parasites is poorly understood. We have previously shown that tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to its pathogen cucumber mosaic virus is achieved through changes in host life‐history traits on infection that result in delaying flowering and reallocating resources from vegetative growth to reproduction. In this system we analyse here genetic determinants of tolerance using a recombinant inbred line family derived from a cross of two accessions with extreme phenotypes. Three major quantitative trait loci for tolerance were identified, which co‐located with three flowering repressor genes, FLC, FRI, and HUA2. The role of these genes in tolerance was further examined in genotypes carrying functional or nonfunctional alleles. Functional alleles of FLC together with FRI and/or HUA2 were required for both tolerance and resource reallocation from growth to reproduction. Analyses of FLC alleles from wild accessions that differentially modulate flowering time showed that they ranked differently for their effects on tolerance and flowering. These results pinpoint a role of FLC in A. thaliana tolerance to cucmber mosaic virus, which is a novel major finding, as FLC has not been recognized previously to be involved in plant defence. Although tolerance is associated with a delay in flowering that allows resource reallocation, our results indicate that FLC regulates tolerance and flowering initiation by different mechanisms. Thus, we open a new avenue of research on the interplay between defence and development in plants.
Reducing failure to rescue rates in a paediatric in‐patient setting: A 9‐year quality improvement study
Authors: McHale Stephanie , Marufu Takawira C. , Manning Joseph C. , Taylor Nicola 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnnually in England, over 1.5 million children and young people (CYP) are admitted to hospital. However, a proportion of these CYP will experience failure to rescue (FtR), a failure to recognize, respond and escalate clinical deterioration, which can result in significant harm or death.AimTo identify and quantify FtR episodes from emergency events at a 110‐bedded tertiary children's hospital located within a University Teaching Hospital and evaluate the impact of targeted interventions on reducing FtR.MethodsA quality improvement approach was adopted. From 170 446 patients admitted between 2011 and 2019, all emergency event calls were systematically reviewed to identify FtR episodes. Root–cause analysis was performed to identify practice deficiencies. The Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act fundamentals were used.ResultsA total of 520 emergency events were reviewed over the 9‐year period. One hundred and thirty‐two (n = 132; 25%) were cardiac arrest events, with the majority occurring within the PCCU setting. Three hundred and twelve (60%) of the events were in children who had been inpatient for more than 48 hours. FtR trend declined over the study period from 23.6% in 2011 when the project commenced to 2.5% or less over the following 8 years.ConclusionsIdentifying rates of FtR events from routinely collected emergency events data can be used as a patient safety measure to identify emergency concerns. This enables dynamic problem solving through delivery of strategic and targeted interventions. The proposed interventions outlined in this quality improvement study have application to critical care nursing as mechanisms for reducing unplanned admissions to paediatric critical care unit (PCCU), patient mortality, and PCCU and non‐PCCU cardiac arrests.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study emphasises the importance in understanding the antecedence of emergency events for paediatric inpatient populations. This intelligence can be used to direct targeted interventions to significantly reduce failure to rescue rates.
Reflections on whiteness: Racialised identities in nursing
Authors: Allan Helen T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, I discuss the structural domination of whiteness as it intersects with the potential of individual critique and reflexivity. I reflect on my positioning as a white nurse researcher while researching international nurse migration. I draw on two large qualitative studies and one small focus group study to discuss my reactions as a white researcher to evidence of institutional racism in the British health services and my growing awareness of how racism is reproduced in the British nursing profession.
Real Exchange Rates and Fundamentals in a new Markov‐STAR Model*
Authors: Bertram Philip , Flock Teresa , Ma Jun , Sibbertsen Philipp 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe propose a new nonlinear Markov‐STAR model to capture both the Markov switching and smooth transition dynamics for real exchange rates. We derive stationarity conditions for the model and apply it to the real exchange rates of 17 countries. We relate switching equilibrium rates and volatilities to a set of relevant macroeconomic variables and find, consistent with economic intuitions, that an economy deteriorating relative to the US economy tends to see a significantly increased likelihood of real exchange rate depreciation. Moreover, we document significant connections between rising economic uncertainties and real exchange rate changes as well as exchange rate volatility.
Core Decompression with Local Administration of Zoledronate and Enriched Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells for Treatment of Non‐Traumatic Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head
Authors: Ma Hai‐yang , Ma Ning , Liu Yu‐feng , Wan Yi‐qun , Liu Gui‐qi , Liu Guang‐bo , Meng Hao‐ye , Li Huo , Wang Xin , Li Chun‐bao , Peng Jiang 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of core decompression (CD) with local administration of zoledronate and enriched bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCS) for the treatment of non‐traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH).MethodsA total of 17 patients (30 hips) diagnosed with stage II and III ONFH according to the 2019 revised Association for Research on Osseous Circulation (ARCO) staging criteria from 2012 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients received the following therapy: the BMMCs and zoledronate were injected into the necrotic zone, respectively, along with CD. The mean age of the patients was 36.8 years; 14 were men and three were women. All patients included had non‐traumatic ONFH and a minimum follow‐up of 5 years, which ended when total hip arthroplasty (THA) was performed. Imaging modalities, including plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were taken pre‐ and postoperatively. Harris hip score (HHS) was used to evaluate the functional outcomes of femoral head necrosis. Kaplan–Meier analysis was adopted to determine the probability of survivorship with THA as the end point in this series of patients. The correlation between radiological progression or THA and related risk factors were further analyzed. All complications were recorded.ResultsWith THA as the follow‐up endpoint, All patients were followed up for an average of 69.1 ± 20.5 months (range, 18–95 months). Preoperative imaging found six hips (20%) at ARCO stage II, 14 hips (46.7%) at stage IIIA, 10 hips (33.3%) at stage IIIB. Fourteen hips (46.7%) shown progression radiologically, while six hips (20%) underwent TKA among these patients with hip preservation. The cumulative survival was 80% (95% CI, 0.608–905) at 5 years with THA as the end point. HHS improved from 63.3 ± 8.7 preoperatively to 74.6 ± 20.6 postoperatively (P = 0.000). Radiological progression was found to be associated with ARCO stage, Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) type, and corticosteroid exposure (P = 0.047; P = 0.012; P = 0.031). However, no correlation was found between conversion to THA and the known risk factors. No major complication was reported, with only four patients complaining about general weakness and muscle soreness, and all disappeared within 2–3 days.ConclusionsThe novel treatment modality could relieve pain, delay the progression of collapse, which might be an effective and safe method for hip preservation of early and mid‐term ONFH. However, the effect of this method may be related to ARCO stage, JIC type, and corticosteroid exposure.