bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathologic nodal staging for clinically node negative soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities
Authors: Maduekwe Ugwuji N. , Herb Joshua N. , Esther Robert J. , Kim Hong Jin , Spanheimer Philip M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSynovial, clear cell, angiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and epithelioid (SCARE) soft tissue sarcoma are at risk for nodal involvement, although the nodal positivity rates and impact on prognostication in clinically node negative patients are not well described.MethodsPatients with extremity SCARE sarcoma without clinical nodal involvement undergoing surgical resection in the National Cancer Database (2004–2017) were included. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the likelihood of nodal surgery and nodal positivity. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression were used to assess associations of nodal status to overall survival.ResultsWe included 4158 patients, and 669 patients (16%) underwent regional lymph node surgery (RLNS). On multivariable logistic analysis, patients with epithelioid (odds ratio [OR]: 3.77; p < .001) and clear cell (OR: 6.38; p < .001) were most likely to undergo RLNS. Forty‐five patients (7%) had positive nodes. Clear cell sarcoma (14%) and angiosarcoma (13%) had the highest rates of nodal positivity. Patients with positive nodes had reduced 5‐year overall survival, and the stratification was largest in clear cell and angiosarcoma.ConclusionDiscordance exists between selection for pathologic nodal evaluation and factors associated with nodal positivity. Clinically node negative patients with clear cell and angiosarcoma should be considered for pathologic nodal evaluation.
Gas‐phase OH oxidation kinetics of pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridazine
Authors: Samir Brahim , Kalalian Carmen , Roth Estelle , Salghi Rachid , Chakir Abdelkhaleq 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe gas‐phase kinetics of the OH‐oxidation of three six‐membered nitrogen heterocycles C4N2H4 isomers, namely pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridazine, were determined in a photochemical reactor coupled to a FTIR spectrometer and a SPME‐GC/MS, at atmospheric pressure over the temperature range 298–353 K. Experiments were conducted using the relative rate method where two different references were employed for each studied compound. The obtained Arrhenius expressions are (in cm3 molecule–1 s–1)
urn:x-wiley:05388066:media:kin21486:kin21486-math-0001These results were compared with available literature data for other heterocyclic compounds and discussed in terms of structure–reactivity and temperature dependency. Their tropospheric lifetimes with respect to reaction with OH radicals were then calculated and found to be of the order of 29, 34, and 37 days for pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridazine, respectively.
scite: The next generation of citations
Authors: Rife Sean C. , Rosati Domenic , Nicholson Joshua M. 
Published: March 2021

Key points
While the importance of citation context has long been recognized, simple citation counts remain as a crude measure of importance.
Providing citation context should support the publication of careful science instead of headline‐grabbing and salami‐sliced non‐replicable studies.
Machine learning has enabled the extraction of citation context for the first time, and made the classification of citation types at scale possible.
Nonprofit board turnover and financial performance: Examining optimal board turnover rate in United Way organizations
Authors: An Seung‐Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines the effects of board turnover on nonprofit financial performance: resource acquisition and utilization. Governing board members play key roles in connecting organizations with external environments and ensuring that executives properly manage the organizations to achieve organizational missions. They also help in effectively attracting and appropriately utilizing financial resources. Given the importance of governing board members, any turnover occurring in the board should affect nonprofit financial performance. Using insights from organizational theories, we argue that the relationship between board turnover and the ability of UW organizations to acquire and utilize funds is nonlinear (first positive and then negative). We find general support for the hypothesis, which yields implications for both research and practice of board governance and human resources management in the nonprofit sector.
Disease characteristics and neuropathological changes associated with cognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ji Tingting , Li Xiaodan , Qiu Yue , Mei Lin , Jia Xinbei , Tai Jun , Guo Yongli , Zhang Jie , Wang Shengcai , Ni Xin 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep‐disordered breathing disease that often leads to many comorbidities (e.g., cognitive dysfunction), which adversely affect the quality of life for patients with OSA. Thus far, the underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction remain unclear. Many studies have focused on OSA‐related characteristics, including intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. There is increasing emphasis on neuroimaging studies to explore underlying relationships between neuropathological changes and cognitive dysfunction. This article reviews recent research progress concerning cognitive dysfunction associated with OSA to reveal potential mechanisms that contribute to this dysfunction.
School climate and bystander responses to bullying
Authors: Konishi Chiaki , Hymel Shelley , Wong Tracy K.Y. , Waterhouse Terry 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examined the association between school climate and bystander responses to bullying. Participants included 26,176 secondary students (grades 8–12; 13,224 girls) from 76 schools across Western Canada, who were asked to complete a self‐reported, district‐wide, school‐based survey. Results from a contextual effects model in a two‐level multilevel modeling framework revealed that certain aspects of school climate significantly predicted different types of bystander behaviors. Specifically, greater student reports of school safety, adult support/respect, adult responsiveness, and adult/student acceptance of diversity predicted more active intervening behaviors. In addition, greater student perceptions of school safety, adult support/respect, and adult acceptance of diversity predicted less avoiding or neglecting behaviors. Interestingly, peer support, school belonging, student acceptance of diversity, and provision of opportunities were negatively related to seeking support from adults. This study underscores the unique and critical role of school climate on bystander behaviors among adolescents.
Strain induced strengthening of soft thermoplastic polyurethanes under cyclic deformation
Authors: Scetta Giorgia , Ju Jianzhu , Selles Nathan , Heuillet Patrick , Ciccotti Matteo , Creton Costantino 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the cyclic mechanical behavior in uniaxial tension of three different commercial thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU) often considered as a sustainable replacement for common filled elastomers. All TPU have similar hard segment contents and linear moduli but sensibly different large strain properties as shown by X‐ray analysis. Despite these differences, we found a stiffening effect after conditioning in step cyclic loading which greatly differs from the common softening (also referred as Mullins effect) observed in chemically crosslinked filled rubbers. We propose that this self‐reinforcement is related to the fragmentation of hard domains, naturally present in TPU, in smaller but more numerous sub‐units that may act as new physical crosslinking points. The proposed stiffening mechanism is not dissimilar to the strain‐induced crystallization observed in stretched natural rubber, but it presents a persistent nature. In particular, it may cause a local reinforcement where an inhomogeneous strain field is present, as is the case of a crack propagating in cyclic fatigue, providing a potential explanation for the well‐known toughness and wear resistance of TPU.
Effects of Different Additives on Energy Release of SF‐3 Double‐Based Propellant System Containing (Mg(BHx)y)
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Wei Xiaoan , Du Ping , Wang Zeshan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to study the effects of different additives on the energy release of an SF‐3 double‐base propellant system comprising a boron‐containing hydrogen‐storage‐alloy (Mg(BHx)y), curves of heat generation versus the temperature and curves of adiabatic decomposition temperature versus the time, of this system with copper oxide (CuO) or nanometer copper oxide (nano‐CuO) as the additive were obtained by a scanning calorimeter (Scanning) and a fast ‐adiabatic accelerating rate calorimeter (Fast‐ARC), respectively. Kinetic parameters, such as the apparent activation energy, the pre‐exponential factor, and the reaction order were calculated. The effects of these two additives on the thermal decomposition of the SF‐3 double‐base propellant system containing Mg(BHx)y were investigated. The results show that CuO used in an amount within a certain range (1∼2.5 % based on the SF‐3 content) can promote the thermal decomposition reaction. When the amount of nano‐CuO added exceeds a certain value (about 2 % based on the SF‐3 content, the thermal decomposition reaction will be significantly slowed down, and the hindrance to the reaction will not be obviously changed after more nano‐CuO is added.
Survival outcomes of locally advanced gastric cancer cases with pathological complete response received neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Hu Qing , Wang Jian , Xu Wei‐Guo , Shao Peng , Li Gang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the survival situation of locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients with pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).MethodsThe clinical data of 13 patients with locally advanced GC who achieved a treated pCR with NAC following by surgical resection between January 2015 and December 2019 at Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOnly 9.4% (13/138) can be classified as achieving pCR and these 13 cases of locally advanced GC patients are entered into the present study. The median follow‐up period of the survivors was 38 (range: 9‐68) months. As a whole, the overall survival (OS) rates at 1 and 3 years were 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 78‐100) and 84% (95% CI 65‐100), and the RFS rates at 1 and 3 years were 85% (95% CI 66‐100) and 76% (95% CI 53‐98).ConclusionsAlthough a pCR was a relatively rare event, locally advanced GC patients who achieved pCR with NAC have a good prognosis.
Reproductive medical providers’ behaviors, considerations, and plans for fertility treatments during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan: A nationwide web‐based survey
Authors: Ota Kuniaki , Tsutsumi Osamu , Mitani Tasuku , Morimoto Yoshiharu , Tanaka Atsushi , Osuga Yutaka , Takahashi Toshifumi , Hosoi Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study was conducted to investigate how the COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted reproductive medical providers’ behaviors and considerations, including their concerns regarding the necessity of fertility treatments.MethodsA web‐based questionnaire was distributed to Japan Society of Fertilization and Implantation (JSFI) members from May 18 through May 31, 2020 to survey their professional behaviors and concerns during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsMost survey participants reported a decrease in the number of patients and a decrease in their workload. Most also believe that the use of fertility treatments will return to the pre‐pandemic levels after the COVID‐19 pandemic ends. Additionally, more than half of the participants reported that they consider fertility treatment neither necessary nor unnecessary during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsAt the institute where reproductive medical providers worked in Japan, the number of outpatients and the working time tended to decrease during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, amid fears of infection during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the reproductive medical providers working at fertility institutes in Japan have remained engaged in their work with a sense of mission and hope.
Sphingosine kinases negatively regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMP1 and MMP3) and their inhibitor TIMP3 genes via sphingosine 1‐phosphate in extravillous trophoblasts
Authors: Chahar Kirti R. , Kumar Vijay , Sharma Phulwanti K. , Brünnert Daniela , Kaushik Vibha , Gehlot Pragya , Shekhawat Indu , Kumar Suman , Sharma Ajay Kumar , Kumari Sandhya , Goyal Pankaj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeExtracellular matrix remodeling is essential for extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell migration and invasion during placental development and regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). Sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2) synthesize sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), which works either intracellularly or extracellularly via its receptors S1PR1‐5 in an autocrine or paracrine manner. The role of SPHKs/S1P in regulating the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in EVT is mostly unknown and forms the primary objective of the study.MethodsHTR‐8/SVneo cells were used as a model of EVT. To inhibit the expression of SPHKs, cells were treated with specific inhibitors, SK1‐I and SKI‐II, or gene‐specific siRNAs. The expressions of MMPs and TIMPs were estimated by qPCR.ResultsWe demonstrated that SPHK1, MMP1‐3, and TIMP1‐3 were highly expressed in HTR‐8/SVneo cells. We found that treatment of cells with SK1‐I, SKI‐II, and knockdown of SPHK1 or SPHK2 increased the expression of MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP3. The addition of extracellular S1P inhibits the upregulation of MMPs and TIMPs in treated cells.ConclusionsSPHKs negatively regulate the expression of MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP3. The level of intracellular S1P acts as a negative feedback switch for MMP1, MMP3, and TIMP3 expression in EVT cells.
Transition Metal Free α−C−H Functionalization of Six Membered Heteroaromatic‐N‐Oxides
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Mandal Sudip , Banerjee Debolina , Kumar Yadav Ashok 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA comprehensive account of transition metal free α−C−H functionalization of six membered heteroaromatic‐N‐oxides has been discussed in this review article. This review includes brief account of explanatory text with schemes, effect of substituents on the reaction and limitation of reaction for transition metal free α−C−H functionalization of six membered heteroaromatic‐N‐oxides. Schemes depict the reaction conditions along with a quick look into their mechanism. Each of the reported example has been considered for reacting substrates such as readily available different six membered heteroaromatic‐N‐oxides, activating reagents, reaction conditions and different types of nucleophiles (N, Halogens, P, S, C and O), reaction conditions and reagents used for transition metal free α−C−H functionalization of six membered heteroaromatic‐N‐oxides. This review will be supportive to the chemists in understanding the challenges associated with the reported methods as well as the future potentials, both in the choice of substrates and reagents.
Regulating Lattice‐Water‐Adsorbed Ions to Optimize Intercalation Potential in 3D Prussian Blue Based Multi‐Ion Microbattery
Authors: Hong Xufeng , Ma Xinyu , He Liang , Dai Yuhang , Pan Xuelei , Zhu Jiexin , Luo Wen , Su Yaqiong , Mai Liqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMiniaturized energy storage device (MESD) is the core module in microscale electronic equipment, yet its electrochemical performance is far away from the actual requirements. The extensive research efforts have improved the performance of MESD via the fabrication techniques and material construction, while ignoring the expansion of optimization strategy in the combination of energy storage mechanism. Herein, the Prussian blue/Zn microbattery is reported with the regulation of lattice‐water‐adsorbed intercalated ion. The optimal charge transport of cathode is achieved via the optimization of 3D structure of microelectrode to maximize the electrochemical performance. Also, lattice‐water‐adsorbed ion storage mechanism is further investigated to guide the design of differential energy storage for cathode and anode. The Cu3(Fe(CN)6)2/Zn microbattery, with K+ inter/deintercalation in the cathode and Zn2+ deplating/plating in the anode, displays high capacity (0.281 mAh cm−2 at 2.5 mA cm−2), rate performance (0.181 mAh cm−2 at 25 mA cm−2), and cycling stability (77.6% capacity retention after 1500 cycles) enhanced by Cu2+ in the electrolyte. This highly efficient combination of fabrication process, active material, and multi‐ion storage for microelectrode shows a high tolerance for optimization strategies, expanding the compatibility of optimization path for high‐performance MESD.
Cell‐Released Magnetic Vesicles Capturing Metabolic Labeled Rare Circulating Tumor Cells Based on Bioorthogonal Chemistry
Authors: Kang Ke , Zhou Xiaoxi , Zhang Yujia , Zhu Nanhang , Li Guohao , Yi Qiangying , Wu Yao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCapture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with high efficiency and high purity holds great value for potential clinical applications. Besides the existing problems of contamination from blood cells and plasma proteins, unknown/down‐regulated expression of targeting markers (e.g., antigen, receptor, etc.) of CTCs have questioned the reliability and general applicability of current CTCs capture methodologies based on immune/aptamer‐affinity. Herein, a cell‐engineered strategy is designed to break down such barriers by employing the cell metabolism as the leading force to solve key problems. Generally, through an extracellular vesicle generation way, the cell‐released magnetic vesicles inherited parent cellular membrane characteristics are produced, and then functionalized with dibenzoazacyclooctyne to target and isolate the metabolic labeled rare CTCs. This strategy offers good reliability and broader possibilities to capture different types of tumor cells, as proven by the capture efficiency above 84% and 82% for A549 and HepG2 cell lines as well as an extremely low detection limitation of 5 cells. Moreover, it enabled high purity enrichment of CTCs from 1 mL blood samples of tumor‐bearing mice, only ≈5–757 white blood cells are non‐specific caught, ignoring the potential phenotypic fluctuation associated with the cancer progression.
Cryoaerogels and Cryohydrogels as Efficient Electrocatalysts
Authors: Müller Dennis , Zámbó Dániel , Dorfs Dirk , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdditive‐free cryoaerogel coatings from noble metal nanoparticles are prepared and electrochemically investigated. By using liquid nitrogen or isopentane as cooling medium, two different superstructures are created for each type of noble metal nanoparticle. These materials (made from the same amount of particles) have superior morphological and catalytic properties as compared to simply immobilized, densely packed nanoparticles. The morphology of all materials is investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemically active surface areas (ECSAs) are calculated from cyclic voltammetry measurements. The catalytic activity is studied for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Both are found to be increased for superstructured materials prepared by cryoaerogelation. Furthermore, cryoaerogels with cellular to dendritic structure that arise from freezing with isopentane show the best catalytic performance and highest ECSA. Moreover, as a new class of materials, cryohydrogels are created for the first time by thawing flash‐frozen nanoparticle solutions. Structure and morphology of these materials match with the corresponding types of cryoaerogels and are confirmed via SEM. Even the catalytic activity in EOR is in accordance with the results from cryoaerogel coatings. As a proof of concept, this approach offers a novel platform towards the easier and faster production of cryogelated materials for wet‐chemical applications.
Performing Science in Public: Science Communication and Scientific Identity
Authors: Davies Sarah R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the identity work that takes place within public communication of science. Using a conceptualisation of identity as performance – and thus as something that may be done differently within different contexts – it uses the case of a large science festival, Science in the City, which took place in Copenhagen in 2014, to examine how scientific identities can be enacted in science communication. The key argument is that such communication supports multiple and flexible identity performances. Scientific identities are intertwined with other ways of performing the self, and both audiences and communicators are heterogeneous communities, which do not neatly sit in categories of ‘scientists’ or ‘the public’. Ultimately, it appears that science communication is used by scientists (and others) for many different identity-building purposes, in many different ways.
Constructing (Inter)Disciplinary Identities: Biographical Narrative and the Reproduction of Academic Selves and Communities
Authors: Cuevas-Garcia Carlos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInterdisciplinarity has become prominent in science policy and academia because of its potential to lead to more interesting, innovative and responsible research. However, its implications for the development of academic careers and identities are not well known, partly because different disciplinary communities regard it differently. Shedding light on how academic identities are constructed and negotiated in the context of interdisciplinary research, this chapter presents a discourse analysis of the biographical narratives that scholars from different disciplines—including mathematics, computer science, economics and archaeology—articulated during qualitative research interviews. The analysis illustrates how these narratives allowed the interviewees to identify themselves as members of specific disciplinary communities, having the personal traits these require, and emphasizing or playing down their interdisciplinary moves accordingly. The findings suggest that individuals’ biographical narratives deserve careful attention because they contribute to the establishment, reproduction and maintenance of academic disciplines. Consequently, they have the potential to make the narratives that constitute the ‘core’ of a discipline become, little by little, more heterogeneous.
Remaining Central and Interdisciplinary: Conditions for Success of a Research Speciality at the University of Strasbourg (1961–2011)
Authors: Noël Marianne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSupramolecular chemistry (SMC), at the interface between chemistry, physics and biology, is a research domain which has grown considerably in the last 40 years. Jean-Marie Lehn was the first to lay its foundations and formalise its concepts, in a seminal article published in 1978. This work earned him the 1987 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, which he shared with Charles J. Pedersen (DuPont) and Donald J. Cram (UCLA). The development of SMC has led to the creation of a dedicated institute and a new building on the university campus. In this chapter, the emergence of supramolecular chemistry as a paradigm and research speciality at the University of Strasbourg (France) is reconstructed with a focus on Lehn’s central role in this process, proposing a three-period chronology based on Mullins’ sequential model (1972). It is furthermore argued that the creation of a physical space, with particular architecture and functions, has also played a key role in consolidating what is now called the “Strasbourg’s chemistry”. The (multi)disciplinary character of SMC is discussed in reference to the concept of “new disciplinarity” put forward by Marcovich and Shinn (Soc Sci Inf 50(3–4):582–6062011, Toward a new dimension: exploring the nanoscale. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014).