bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time series barley germination is predictable and associated with known seed dormancy loci
Authors: Rooney Travis E. , Sweeney Daniel W. , Sorrells Mark E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreharvest sprouting (PHS) resistance is essential in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production to prevent damage caused by late season moisture but may be negatively correlated with malting quality traits. The germination percentage and germination rate (GI) in malting barley are measures of both PHS resistance and suitability for malting. Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) and logistic regression on time series spring malting barley GE and GI were performed to identify genetic regions associated with germination trait changes from 0 to 22 wk after maturity. Both analysis methods identified the SD1 and SD2 regions known to affect germination traits, as well as one novel locus on chromosome 6H at 473 Mbp. Several other associations were detected with a single analysis method. Genomic prediction (GP) was used in conjunction with the time series models to test GE and GI predictability over time. Germination traits of unobserved lines at unobserved times were predicted with high accuracy using ridge regression GP coupled with FPCA or logistic regression. The results demonstrate applicability of time series data analysis in determining genetics of germination trait changes in malting barley and that time series germination is predictable. Threshold traits calculated with these time series models, such as the after‐ripening time needed until a line achieves a GE of 95%, can be used as an estimate for dormancy duration, which will be useful in breeding for combined PHS resistance and malting quality.
A meta‐analysis of combining ability effects in wheat for agronomic traits and drought adaptation: Implications for optimizing biomass allocation
Authors: Shamuyarira Kwame W. , Shimelis Hussein , Mathew Isack , Zengeni Rebecca , Chaplot Vincent 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCombining ability effects for yield related traits can serve as selection criteria to pursue breeding for optimal biomass allocation in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The objective of this paper is to provide information based on a retrospective quantitative genetic analysis on combining ability studies of wheat for yield and yield‐related traits to predict potential genetic gains achievable in improving biomass allocation for drought tolerance and soil carbon storage. The study compares data on the general combining ability and specific combining ability effects of wheat for yield and related traits under optimum and drought stressed conditions from 40 studies around the world. Days to heading (DTH), plant height (PH), number of tillers per plant (TN), kernels per spike (KPS), 1,000‐kernel weight (TKW), shoot biomass (SB), and grain yield (GY) exhibited wide variation for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability effects. Progeny performance increased by 14.30 and 4.04% for SB and GY, respectively, compared with parental values under optimum water conditions. Number of tillers and SB exhibited positive associations with GY (.45 ≤r≤ .85,p < .05) under both water conditions. Meta effect sizes for drought stress were negative. The highest meta‐effect sizes were calculated for DTH (−4.5) followed by SB (−2.0), whereas KPS (−1.25) had the lowest. The genetic gains for PH, SB, and other yield components showed that divergent crosses involving complementary parents could enhance biomass allocation patterns in wheat. This could be used as a basis for improving biomass allocation to roots.
Choosing priors in Bayesian ecological models by simulating from the prior predictive distribution
Authors: Wesner Jeff S. , Pomeranz Justin P. F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBayesian data analysis is increasingly used in ecology, but prior specification remains focused on choosing non‐informative priors (e.g., flat or vague priors). One barrier to choosing more informative priors is that priors must be specified on model parameters (e.g., intercepts, slopes, and sigmas), but prior knowledge often exists on the level of the response variable. This is particularly true for common models in ecology, like generalized linear mixed models that have a link function and potentially dozens of parameters, each of which needs a prior distribution. We suggest that this difficulty can be overcome by simulating from the prior predictive distribution and visualizing the results on the scale of the response variable. In doing so, some common choices for non‐informative priors on parameters can easily be seen to produce biologically impossible values of response variables. Such implications of prior choices are difficult to foresee without visualization. We demonstrate a workflow for prior selection using simulation and visualization with two ecological examples (predator–prey body sizes and spider responses to food competition). This approach is not new, but its adoption by ecologists will help to better incorporate prior information in ecological models, thereby maximizing one of the benefits of Bayesian data analysis.
Adaptive dynamic duty cycle mechanism for energy efficient medium access control in wireless multimedia sensor networks
Authors: Ahmed Adel A. , Abazeed Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMultimedia applications require significantly higher bandwidth than conventional textual applications. Furthermore, multimedia stream requires time sensitive and involves high‐energy consumption, which become more challenging on resource constrained networks such as wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN). As a result, developing an energy efficient algorithm to prolong the network lifetime is the main reoccurring issue in WMSN. Although the duty cycling mechanism has been proven to be an efficient solution for energy saving in various WSN applications, the tradeoff between energy efficiency and quality of service (QoS) on WMSN remains striking. In this article, an adaptive dynamic duty cycle mechanism for energy‐efficient medium access control (ADE‐MAC) is proposed for WMSNs. ADE‐MAC uses a unique asynchronous duty cycle approach to schedule the sleep pattern of each sensor node which can be adapted according to the incoming traffic rate and queuing delay at each node. In the proposed system, the overhead of synchronization is avoided because every node has its own scheduling sleep, and the only sender node must wake up the receiver nodes by using preambles packets. The findings that result from comprehensive simulation show that ADE‐MAC outperforms the baseline approaches in term of delivery ratio by 12%, less packet overhead by 28%, less end‐to‐end delay by 19%, and less power consumption by 41% compared to the baseline mechanisms.
Resource efficiency and pilot decontamination in XL‐MIMO double‐scattering correlated channels
Authors: Taniguchi Lígia May , de Souza João Henrique Inacio , Guerra David William Marques , Abrão Taufik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn extra‐large scale massive MIMO (XL‐MIMO) systems, due to the large antenna array physical dimensions, the received signal at the base‐station (BS) results in spatial non‐stationarities and visibility regions (VRs), limited regions of the array which are visible to the users equipments (UEs). In crowded XL‐MIMO scenarios, the reuse of pilot sequences is a path to provide massive connectivity, principally when the radio resources are scarce. However, such reuse increases the intra‐cell interference, since UEs sharing the same pilot sequences may have overlapped VRs. Thus, despite the minimum mean‐squared error (MMSE) combiner having a high computational complexity, its capability in mitigating the pilot contamination, and even in eliminating such effect in asymptotic antenna regime, justify its use to provide massive connectivity with high spectral efficiency (SE). In this work, we evaluate the performance of the MMSE combiner in XL‐MIMO systems in terms of the SE, energy efficiency (EE), resource efficiency (RE), and capability of eliminating the intra‐cell pilot contamination. The MMSE channel estimator is deployed to estimate the channel vectors. Indeed, the performance of the zero‐forcing combiner and the randomized Kaczmarz regularized zero‐forcing combiner is evaluated and compared with the MMSE scheme. For modeling the XL‐MIMO propagation channel, we use the double‐scattering channel model, which considers clusters of scatterers on both the BS‐side and the UE‐side to model the spatial channel correlation. In parallel, we develop the analysis considering the single‐scattering channel model, a useful simplification of the double‐scattering channel model. The numerical results reveal that, at the cost of a high computational complexity, the MMSE combiner achieves remarkable SE and EE results. However, such superior performance is limited by the number of antennas, being recommended for cases where the size of the VR (number of active antennas) is reduced.
Development and characterization of a unique anti‐IgE mouse monoclonal antibody cross‐reactive between human and canine IgE
Authors: Kumagai Akiko , Nara Takuya , Uematsu Mizuho , Kakinuma Yoko , Saito Takashi , Masuda Kenichi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy assessment of human anti‐IgE monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in animal models before clinical trials is hampered due to the lack of cross‐reactivity of anti‐IgE mAbs between species.ObjectiveWe developed CRE‐DR (an anti‐dog IgE monoclonal antibody), an anti‐IgE mouse mAb that recognizes canine and human IgE, and then examined its IgE specificity and cross‐reactivity between three animal and human species.MethodsAfter mouse immunization with a synthetic peptide derived from canine IgE (282NTNDWIEGETYYC294), we generated a hybridoma producing CRE‐DR. The CRE‐DR purified from the ascites of hybridoma‐inoculated mice was used for ELISA and Western blot analysis to examine reactivity to dog, human, and rodent IgEs as well as recombinant bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐conjugated to canine, human, and rodent IgE amino acid peptides corresponding to the immunizing sequence. We then performed enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for dog IgE using sera from dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) after inhibition with canine IgE and IgG. The amino acid sequence recognized by CRE‐DR was identified by ELISA using synthetic peptides.ResultsCRE‐DR is a monoclonal mouse IgG1κ specific for dog IgE, and the ELISA values in atopic dog sera were inhibited by dog IgE, but not dog IgG. The binding of CRE‐DR to human IgE was relatively maintained, but not to rodent IgEs, which results were confirmed with the BSA‐conjugated IgE peptides of the various species. The CRE‐DR reactivity was supported by the comparison of amino acid sequence of CRE‐DR epitope, DWIEGETYYC, in dog IgE; one, two, and three amino acids were substituted in the human, rat, and mouse IgE epitopes, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceCRE‐DR is a mAb cross‐reactive to dog and human IgEs, which can allow the use of a dog model of allergy to test the efficacy of a CRE‐DR‐derived anti‐IgE therapeutic mAb before human clinical trials.
Extracellular vesicles synchronize cellular phenotypes of differentiating cells
Authors: Minakawa Tomohiro , Matoba Tetsuya , Ishidate Fumiyoshi , Fujiwara Takahiro K. , Takehana Sho , Tabata Yasuhiko , Yamashita Jun K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring embryonic development, cells differentiate in a coordinated manner, aligning their fate decisions and differentiation stages with those of surrounding cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate this synchrony. Here we show that cells in close proximity synchronize their differentiation stages and cellular phenotypes with each other via extracellular vesicle (EV)‐mediated cellular communication. We previously established a mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) line harbouring an inducible constitutively active protein kinase A (CA‐PKA) gene and found that the ESCs rapidly differentiated into mesoderm after PKA activation. In the present study, we performed a co‐culture of Control‐ESCs and PKA‐ESCs, finding that both ESC types rapidly differentiated in synchrony even when PKA was activated only in PKA‐ESCs, a phenomenon we named ‘Phenotypic Synchrony of Cells (PSyC)’. We further demonstrated PSyC was mediated by EVs containing miR‐132. PKA‐ESC‐derived EVs and miR‐132‐containing artificial nano‐vesicles similarly enhanced mesoderm and cardiomyocyte differentiation in ESCs and ex vivo embryos, respectively. PSyC is a new form of cell‐cell communication mediated by the EV regulation of neighbouring cells and could be broadly involved in tissue development and homeostasis.
Hybrid of the 1,2,3‐triazole nucleus and sesquiterpene skeleton as a potential antitumor agent: Hemisynthesis, molecular structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, density functional theory, and in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects
Authors: Bimoussa Abdoullah , Oubella Ali , Laamari Yassine , Fawzi Mourad , Hachim Mouhi Eddine , Ait Itto My Youssef , Morjani Hamid , Ketatni El Mostafa , Mentre Olivier , Auhmani Aziz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new 1,2,3‐triazole sesquiterpenic named (4aR,5aS,7aR,10aR,10bR)‐10‐benzyl‐5,5‐dichloro‐1,1,4a,7a‐tetramethyl‐1,2,3,4,4a,5,7a,10,10a,10b decahydrocyclopropa[2′,3′]cyclohepta [1′,2′:3,4]benzo[1,2‐d][1,2,3]triazol‐7(6H)‐one was synthesized by a dipolar cycloaddition 1,3 between benzyl azide and α,β‐unsaturated sesquiterpene ketone catalyzed by titanium tetrachloride TiCl4. It was obtained with a good yield and characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique, infra red (IR) spectroscopy, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), UV‐Visible, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The optimization by the density functional theory (DFT) method was carried out to study the formation mechanism of the derivative. The selected compounds 1–4 exhibited anticancer activities in vitro against namely fibrosarcoma (HT‐1080), lung carcinoma (A‐549), and breast (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines with IC50 in the range of 10.02–44.71 μM). In addition to using flow cytometry and the apoptosis assay, cell cycle arrest at the S phase (10 μM) and G2/M arrest in (5 and 10 μM) was performed for compound 4 in fibrosarcoma (HT‐1080) cancer cells. Results suggested that compound 4 test with good activity against HT‐1080 cells with IC50 value from 10.02 μM and induced the apoptotic effect. Theoretical studies were realized to estimate the molecular proprieties that lead to a high potential of cytotoxic effect, which is in agreement with the experimental results.
Role of bioelectrochemical systems for the remediation of emerging contaminants from wastewater: A review
Authors: Ahmad Azhan , Priyadarshani Monali , Das Sovik , Ghangrekar Makarand Madhao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a unique group of wastewater remediating technology that possesses the added advantage of valuable recovery with concomitant wastewater treatment. Moreover, due to the application of robust microbial biocatalysts in BESs, effective removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) can be accomplished in these BESs. Thus, this review emphasizes the recent demonstrations pertaining to the removal of complex organic pollutants of emerging concern present in wastewater through BES. Owing to the recalcitrant nature of these pollutants, they are not effectively removed through conventional wastewater treatment systems and thereby are discharged into the environment without proper treatment. Application of BES in terms of ECs removal and degradation mechanism along with valuables that can be recovered are discussed. Moreover, the factors affecting the performance of BES, like biocatalyst, substrate, salinity, and applied potential are also summarized. In addition, the present review also elucidates the occurrence and toxic nature of ECs as well as future recommendations pertaining to the commercialization of this BES technology for the removal of ECs from wastewater. Therefore, the present review intends to aid the researchers in developing more efficient BESs for the removal of ECs from wastewater.
Surgical Treatment of Type III Laryngotracheoesophageal Clefts: Techniques and Outcomes
Authors: Kou Yann‐Fuu , Redmann Andrew , Smith Matthew M. , Hart Catherine K. , Rutter Michael J. , de Alarcon Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine surgical and swallowing outcomes after surgery for type III laryngotracheoesophageal cleft (LTEC).Study DesignCase series with chart review.MethodsChart review was performed on patients with type III LTEC between 2000 and 2019. Demographics, surgical outcomes, and swallowing outcomes were collected and analyzed.ResultsThirty‐three patients met inclusion criteria (28 open and 5 endoscopic repairs). Mean age was 3.4 years for the open group and 0.9 years for the endoscopic group. Seventeen (51.5%) patients had a syndromic diagnosis, most commonly Opitz syndrome and Trisomy 21. Mean follow‐up was 33.6 months. Thirteen (39.4%) patients had a previous repair attempt prior to repair at our institution. Twenty‐four (70.6%) patients had a tracheostomy prior to or at the time of surgical repair and 13 (38.2%) remain tracheostomy‐dependent. Nine patients (27.3%) required a revision cleft repair and four (12.1%) required two revisions. Thirty‐one patients had an intact repair at last follow‐up (93.9). Two patients died outside the hospital over a year after surgery. Preoperatively 13 of 17 patients with swallowing evaluations aspirated. After repair, 11 of 20 patients were deemed safe for all consistencies and seven were safe for thickened. Endoscopic approaches were performed during the last 2 years of the study and had significantly lower operative time (354.4 minutes vs. 171.5 minutes).ConclusionsEndoscopic and open approaches are effective for treatment of type III LTEC with 27.3% requiring revision and 93.9% of repairs intact at last follow‐up. Overall swallowing outcomes were good in patients who underwent postoperative instrumental swallow evaluation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1112–1117, 2022
Selective Metal‐Complexation on Polymeric Templates and Their Investigation via Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
Authors: Bätz Thomas , Enke Marcel , Zechel Stefan , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelective complexation of metal ions represents a powerful tool for the development of versatile supramolecular architectures. While research in the field of molecular devices and machinery is sophisticated, the selective formation of metal complexes is not prevalent in polymer chemistry. Thus, the implementation of orthogonal binding concepts into a polymeric matrix is presented. In this context, an end‐functionalized poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) carrying zinc‐porphyrin (ZnTPP) as well as a terpyridine (tpy) ligand side by side is utilized. With these binding sites, the polymer can simultaneously interact with a pyridine moiety via a ZnTPP interaction and a terpyridine unit by the formation of a bis‐terpyridine complex. The complexation behavior of this polymer and different model compounds is intensively investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry. The obtained results indicate that the reported orthogonality of these two systems is successfully transferred into a functional polymeric architecture.
Stratification Tools for Disease‐Modifying Trials in Prodromal Synucleinopathy
Authors: Arnaldi Dario , Mattioli Pietro , Famà Francesco , Girtler Nicola , Brugnolo Andrea , Pardini Matteo , Donniaquio Andrea , Massa Federico , Orso Beatrice , Raffa Stefano , Bauckneht Matteo , Morbelli Silvia , Nobili Flavio 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDopamine transporter single photon‐emission computed tomography (DAT‐SPECT) is the strongest risk factor for phenoconversion in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM)‐sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). However, it might be used as a second‐line stratification tool in clinical trials, because it is expensive and mini‐invasive.ObjectiveAim of the study is to investigate whether other cost‐effective and non‐invasive biomarkers may be proposed as first‐line stratification tools.MethodsForty‐seven consecutive iRBD patients (68.53 ± 7.16 years, 40 males) underwent baseline clinical and neuropsychological assessment, olfaction test, resting electroencephalogram (EEG), and DAT‐SPECT. All patients underwent 6 month‐based clinical follow‐up to investigate the emergence of parkinsonism and/or dementia. Survival analysis and Cox regression were used to estimate conversion risk.ResultsSeventeen patients developed an overt synucleinopathy (eight Parkinsonism and nine dementia) 32.8 ± 22 months after diagnosis. The strongest risk factors were putamen specific to non‐displaceable binding ratio (SBR) (hazard ratio [HR], 7.3), attention/working memory cognitive function (NPS‐AT/WM) (HR, 5.9), EEG occipital mean frequency (HR, 2.7) and clinical motor assessment (HR, 2.3). On multivariate Cox‐regression analysis, only putamen SBR and NPS‐AT/WM significantly contributed to the model (HR, 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–19.8). At post‐hoc analysis, the trail‐making test B (TMT‐B) was the single most efficient first‐line stratification tool that allowed to reduce the number of eligible subjects to 76.6% (sensitivity 1, specificity 0.37). Combining TMT‐B and DAT‐SPECT further reduced the sample to 66% (sensitivity 0.88, specificity 0.47).ConclusionThe TMT‐B seems to be a cost‐effective and efficient first‐line screening tool, to be used to select patients that deserve DAT‐SPECT as second‐line screening tool for disease‐modifying clinical trials. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Patient‐specific effects on sonication heating efficiency during magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy
Authors: Yang Andrew I. , Hitti Frederick L. , Alabi Opeyemi O. , Joshi Disha , Chaibainou Hanane , Henry Lenora , Clanton Ryan , Baltuch Gordon H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeDuring magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy for refractory tremor, high temperatures must be achieved and sustained for tissue necrosis. We assessed the impact of both patient‐specific as well as procedure‐related factors on the efficiency of acoustic energy transfer, or heating efficiency (HE).MethodsRetrospective analysis of 92 consecutive patients (857 sonications) with essential tremor or tremor‐dominant Parkinson's disease treated at a single institution. Temperature elevations at the target were measured for each sonication with MR thermometry. HE of each sonication was defined as the ratio of peak temperature elevation and the delivered energy. HE was analyzed with respect to patient skull features (area, thickness, skull density ratio [SDR]), computed from CT scans, as well as demographic and clinical variables (age, sex, diagnosis, and duration of symptoms).ResultsAcross the full range of sonication energies that can be delivered with current devices (up to 36 kJ), average sonication HE was diminished in patients with lower SDR. In individual subjects, there was a progressive loss in HE as sonication energy was titrated up throughout the course of treatment, with a more rapid decline in patients with higher SDR. This energy‐dependent loss in HE was not related to procedural factors, namely, the number of previous sonications, or the cumulative energy deposited during previous sonications. In contrast to SDR, neither skull area nor thickness was an independent predictor of average HE or the rate of its decline with increasing energies. In 11% of patients, all of whom with SDR < 0.45, sonication HE fell below the threshold to reach 54°C even with delivery of maximum energy. In contrast, temperatures 50°C could be obtained in all but one patient.ConclusionsSDR is predictive of sonication HE, and determines patient‐specific limits on the magnitude of temperature elevation that can be achieved with current devices. These data inform strategies for predictable lesioning in MRgFUS thalamotomy.