bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in regulating macrophage polarization in RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Liu Lian , Peng Shuang , Duan Mengyun , Liu Cuiliu , Li Lingrui , Zhang Xing , Ren Boxu , Tian Hongyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that is endemic in Asia. Macrophages are mainly involved in the inflammatory response of late schistosoma infection. Our previous study found that C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression is significantly increased, and M2 macrophages are activated in schistosome‐induced liver fibrosis mice. However, the role of CHOP in the regulation of macrophage polarization remains to be further studied. Western blotting or quantitative PCR revealed that IL‐4 increased the expression of arginase‐1, macrophage mannose receptor 1, phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (p‐STAT6), Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4), CHOP, and IL‐13 receptor alpha (IL‐13Rα) and induced M2 polarization in RAW264.7 as measured by flow cytometry. Inhibiting STAT6 phosphorylation (AS1517499) reduced the IL‐4‐induced expression of KLF4, CHOP, and IL‐13Rα and also the number of M2 macrophages. The overexpression of CHOP stimulated M2 polarization, but AS1517499 inhibited this effect. CHOP increased the protein expression of KLF4 but did not change the expression of p‐STAT6. Soluble egg antigen (SEA) could promote the IL‐4‐induced protein expression of p‐STAT6, CHOP, and KLF4. Overall, the findings show that SEA can promote the activation of M2 macrophages by causing increased CHOP‐induced KLF4 levels and activation of STAT6 phosphorylation.
Identifying the characteristics of occupation‐centred practice: A Delphi study
Authors: Ford Ellie , Di Tommaso Amelia , Molineux Matthew , Gustafsson Louise 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionOccupation‐centred practice is key to aligning with the contemporary paradigm. Benefits of this approach for clients and the profession are well documented, yet how to identify occupation‐centred practice is not yet understood. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the characteristics of occupation‐centred practice and how they can be identified in practice.MethodsA three round Delphi survey was conducted to gain consensus on the defining characteristics of occupation‐centred practice. Purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling were used to distribute three survey rounds to occupational therapists internationally. Content analysis was used to create characteristics, descriptions, and examples of occupation‐centred practice. Percentage agreement between occupational therapists were calculated to determine consensus.ResultsResponses were received from 100 participants in round one, 89 in round two, and 70 in round three. Round one generated 12 characteristics that were refined and finalised into four defining characteristics, one of which had three subcharacteristics. The four characteristics are as follows: guided by theory and philosophy grounded in occupation, language and documentation promotes occupation among stakeholders, understanding and incorporating the person's context, and occupation as core to practice, which includes occupation in goal setting, assessment, and intervention. Descriptions and examples were generated for each characteristic.ConclusionThis study presents valuable information for occupational therapists wanting to practise in an occupation‐centred manner. The characteristics, descriptions, and examples provide a foundation upon which occupational therapists can understand and identify occupation‐centred practice. Examples provided were highly influenced by factors including practice settings and preferred terminology. Future research will explore the creation of a tool for occupational therapists to evaluate their own practice against the characteristics to demonstrate areas of strength and for development.
Synergistic effects of temperature and light affect the relationship between Taonia atomaria and its epibacterial community: a controlled conditions study
Authors: Paix Benoit , Potin Philippe , Schires Gaëtan , Le Poupon Christophe , Misson Benjamin , Leblanc Catherine , Culioli Gérald , Briand Jean‐François 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIn the context of global warming, this study aimed to assess the effect of temperature and irradiance on the macroalgal Taonia atomaria holobiont dynamics. We developed an experimental set‐up using aquaria supplied by natural seawater with three temperatures combined with three irradiances. The holobiont response was monitored over 14 days using a multi‐omics approach coupling algal surface metabolomics and metabarcoding. Both temperature and irradiance appeared to shape the microbiota and the surface metabolome, but with a distinct temporality. Epibacterial community first changed according to temperature, and later in relation to irradiance, while the opposite occurred for the surface metabolome. An increased temperature revealed a decreasing richness of the epiphytic community together with an increase of several bacterial taxa. Irradiance changes appeared to quickly impact surface metabolites production linked with the algal host photosynthesis (e.g. mannitol, fucoxanthin, dimethylsulfoniopropionate), which was hypothesized to explain modifications of the structure of the epiphytic community. Algal host may also directly adapt its surface metabolome to changing temperature with time (e.g. lipids content) and also in response to changing microbiota (e.g. chemical defences). Finally, this study brought new insights highlighting complex direct and indirect responses of seaweeds and their associated microbiota under changing environments.
Microbes mediating the sulfur cycle in the Atlantic Ocean and their link to chemolithoautotrophy
Authors: De Corte Daniele , Muck Simone , Tiroch Johanna , Mena Catalina , Herndl Gerhard J. , Sintes Eva 
Published: September 2021

SummaryOnly about 10%–30% of the organic matter produced in the epipelagic layers reaches the dark ocean. Under these limiting conditions, reduced inorganic substrates might be used as an energy source to fuel prokaryotic chemoautotrophic and/or mixotrophic activity. The aprA gene encodes the alpha subunit of the adenosine‐5′‐phosphosulfate (APS) reductase, present in sulfate‐reducing (SRP) and sulfur‐oxidizing prokaryotes (SOP). The sulfur‐oxidizing pathway can be coupled to inorganic carbon fixation via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The abundances of aprA and cbbM, encoding RuBisCO form II (the key CO2 fixing enzyme), were determined over the entire water column along a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic from 64°N to 50°S covering six oceanic provinces. The abundance of aprA and cbbM genes significantly increased with depth reaching the highest abundances in meso‐ and upper bathypelagic layers. The contribution of cells containing these genes also increased from mesotrophic towards oligotrophic provinces, suggesting that under nutrient limiting conditions alternative energy sources are advantageous. However, the aprA/cbbM ratios indicated that only a fraction of the SOP is associated with inorganic carbon fixation. The aprA harbouring prokaryotic community was dominated by Pelagibacterales in surface and mesopelagic waters, while Candidatus Thioglobus, Chromatiales and the Deltaproteobacterium_SCGC dominated the bathypelagic realm. Noticeably, the contribution of the SRP to the prokaryotic community harbouring aprA gene was low, suggesting a major utilization of inorganic sulfur compounds either as an energy source (occasionally coupled with inorganic carbon fixation) or in biosynthesis pathways.
An atlas of bacterial secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters
Authors: Wei Bin , Du Ao‐Qi , Zhou Zhen‐Yi , Lai Cong , Yu Wen‐Chao , Yu Jin‐Biao , Yu Yan‐Lei , Chen Jian‐Wei , Zhang Hua‐Wei , Xu Xue‐Wei , Wang Hong 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBacterial secondary metabolites are rich sources of novel drug leads. The diversity of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in genome‐sequenced bacteria, which will provide crucial information for the efficient discovery of novel natural products, has not been systematically investigated. Here, the distribution and genetic diversity of BGCs in 10 121 prokaryotic genomes (across 68 phyla) were obtained from their PRISM4 outputs using a custom python script. A total of 18 043 BGCs are detected from 5743 genomes with non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (25.4%) and polyketides (15.9%) as the dominant classes of BGCs. Bacterial strains harbouring the largest number of BGCs are revealed and BGC count in strains of some genera vary greatly, suggesting the necessity of individually evaluating the secondary metabolism potential. Additional analysis against 102 strains of discovered bacterial genera with abundant amounts of BGCs confirms that Kutzneria, Kibdelosporangium, Moorea, Saccharothrix, Cystobacter, Archangium, Actinosynnema, Kitasatospora, and Nocardia, may also be important sources of natural products and worthy of priority investigation. Comparative analysis of BGCs within these genera indicates the great diversity and novelty of the BGCs. This study presents an atlas of bacterial secondary metabolite BGCs that provides a lot of key information for the targeted discovery of novel natural products.
Technical and interpretive pitfalls of postmortem CT: Five examples of errors revealed by autopsy
Authors: Yoshida Maiko , Makino Yohsuke , Hoshioka Yumi , Saito Naoki , Yamaguchi Rutsuko , Chiba Fumiko , Inokuchi Go , Iwase Hirotaro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImage acquisition of dead bodies, particularly using postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), has become common in forensic investigations worldwide. Meanwhile, in countries such as Japan which have an extremely low rate of autopsy, PMCT is being increasingly used in the clinical field to certify the cause of death (COD) without performing an autopsy or toxicological tests, even in cases of unnatural death. Additionally, these PMCT images are predominantly interpreted by clinical personnel such as emergency physicians or clinicians who are not trained in PMCT interpretation and who work for the police, that is, the so‐called police doctors. Many potential pitfalls associated with the use of PMCT have been previously described in textbooks and published papers, including the pitfalls of not performing a complete forensic pathology investigation, and the use of physicians without appropriate PMCT training to interpret PMCT and direct death investigation and certification. We describe five examples in which apparent misdiagnosis of COD based on PMCT misinterpretation was revealed by autopsy. Here are the five examples of errors: (1) Postmortem changes were misinterpreted as COD, (2) resuscitation effects were misinterpreted as COD, (3) COD was determined after an incomplete examination, (4) fatal findings caused by external origin were wrongly interpreted as ‘of internal origin’ based on PMCT, and (5) non‐fatal findings on PMCT were wrongly interpreted as fatal. Interpretation of PMCT by appropriately trained physicians and an accompanying complete forensic investigation, including autopsy when indicated, is necessary to prevent significant errors in COD determination and related potential adverse medicolegal consequences.
Scenarios of social isolation during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Góis Marcos Paulo Ferreira , Parente‐Ribeiro Leticia , Gomes Paulo Cesar da Costa , Gomes Rafael Augusto Andrade , Leite Thomaz Menezes , Iorio Leonardo José , Leles Amaral Gabriela , da Silva Campos Igor Ribeiro , Dettmann Beatriz Brum Domingues , Ferreira Lohanne Fernanda Gonçalves , Araújo Patricia Luana Costa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work analyses the construction of social isolation as a public problem during the first wave of COVID‐19, drawing on experiences in Rio de Janeiro which, in addition to being one of the country’s major cities, had among the highest mortality rates in Brazil in 2020. We consider both the legal measures enacted by government agencies to contain the contagion and media coverage on the effects of these measures at the local level. The results show that, in the absence of compulsory confinement measures, urban public spaces were deployed both by government agencies and the media in a process by which social isolation was framed as a public problem. Legal measures affected daily patterns of movement, mobility, and sociability, and intervened in the dynamics of central urban functions and in access to and use of public spaces. Media reports gave voice to levels of public agreement or disagreement with regulations and emphasised the significance of legal measures to contain the spread of the virus. Public spaces are at the core of debates about compliance with legal measures to enforce social isolation because they are privileged places where social issues become visible and problematic material expressions of relationships between citizens and the law.
A case‐control analysis of stroke in COVID‐19 patients: Results of unusual manifestations of COVID‐19–study 11
Authors: García‐Lamberechts Eric Jorge , Miró Òscar , Fragiel Marcos , Llorens Pere , Jiménez Sònia , Piñera Pascual , Burillo‐Putze Guillermo , Martín Alfonso , Martín‐Sánchez Francisco Javier , Jacob Javier , Alquézar‐Arbé Aitor , Ejarque Martínez Laura , Rodríguez Miranda Belén , Ruiz Grinspan Martín , Domínguez María Jesús , Teigell Muñoz Francisco Javier , Gayoso Martín Sara , García García Ángel , Iglesias Vela Marta , Carbajosa Virginia , Salido Mota Manuel , Marchena González María José , Agüera Urbano Carmen , Porta‐Etessam Jesus , Calvo Elpidio , González del Castillo Juan ,   the Spanish Investigators on Emergency Situations TeAm (SIESTA) network
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the incidence, predictor variables, clinical characteristics, and stroke outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 seen in emergency departments (EDs) before hospitalization.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all COVID‐19 patients diagnosed with stroke during the COVID‐19 outbreak in 62 Spanish EDs. We formed two control groups: COVID‐19 patients without stroke (control A) and non–COVID‐19 patients with stroke (control B). We compared disease characteristics and four outcomes between cases and controls.ResultsWe identified 147 strokes in 74,814 patients with COVID‐19 seen in EDs (1.96‰, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.66‰ to 2.31‰), being lower than in non–COVID‐19 patients (6,541/1,388,879, 4.71‰, 95% CI = 4.60‰ to 4.83‰; odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.49). The estimated that standardized incidences of stroke per 100,000 individuals per year were 124 and 133 for COVID‐19 and non–COVID‐19 individuals, respectively (OR = 0.93 for COVID patients, 95% CI = 0.87 to 0.99). Baseline characteristics associated with a higher risk of stroke in COVID‐19 patients were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and previous cerebrovascular and coronary diseases. Clinically, these patients more frequently presented with confusion, decreased consciousness, and syncope and higher D‐dimer concentrations and leukocyte count at ED arrival. After adjustment for age and sex, the case group had higher hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates (but not mortality) than COVID‐19 controls without stroke (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 1.27 to 9.16; and OR = 3.79, 95% CI = 1.69 to 8.50, respectively) and longer hospitalization and greater in‐hospital mortality than stroke controls without COVID‐19 (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.94; and OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.37 to 2.30, respectively).ConclusionsThe incidence of stroke in COVID‐19 patients presenting to EDs was lower than that in the non–COVID‐19 reference sample. COVID‐19 patients with stroke had greater need for hospitalization and ICU admission than those without stroke and longer hospitalization and greater in‐hospital mortality than non–COVID‐19 patients with stroke.
Tubal interruption and subsequent surgery for pain after endometrial ablation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Paul Tarini D. , Readman Emma , Mooney Samantha 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundEndometrial ablation (EA) is an alternative to hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), with reduced recovery time and fewer operative risks. However, post‐ablation pain may be associated with subsequent surgery, including hysterectomy. It is uncertain what factors affect surgery rates for post‐ablation pain, particularly with respect to timing and technique of tubal interruption.AimTo evaluate the relationship between tubal interruption and post‐ablation pain and subsequent surgery.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 324 patients at a Melbourne tertiary hospital from 2009 to 2020. The primary outcome was subsequent pelvic surgery for pain following EA.ResultsPain following EA was reported by 29.7% of patients, with 10.5% of patients undergoing subsequent surgery for pain. Patients with tubal interruption were more likely to undergo subsequent surgery for pain than those with no tubal interruption (odds ratio (OR): 3.49, 95% CI: 1.59–7.66; P = 0.002). Tubal ligation was strongly associated with subsequent surgery for pain (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.48–6.57; P = 0.003). In contrast, those with salpingectomy did not have an increased risk of subsequent surgery for pain, compared to those with no tubal interruption (OR: 1.5; 95% CI 0.32–7.13). Pre‐ablation pain (adjusted OR: 2.98, 95% CI: 1.37–6.48; P = 0.006) and previous caesarean section (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.13–6.25; P = 0.025) were also associated with subsequent surgery for pain.ConclusionOur results suggest that tubal interruption, pre‐ablation pain and previous caesarean section are associated with subsequent surgery for pain. These results can better inform preoperative counselling regarding the risk of subsequent surgery after EA.
Workplace locations of allied health and nursing graduates who undertook a placement in the Northern Territory of Australia from 2016 to 2019: An observational cohort study
Authors: Campbell Narelle , Farthing Annie , Lenthall Sue , Moore Leigh , Anderson Jessie , Witt Susan , Rissel Chris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study is to determine the current work locations of allied health professionals and nurses who undertook a student placement in the Northern Territory of Australia from 2016‐2019.DesignAn observational cohort study was conducted in October 2020, with students emailed a link to an on‐line survey, plus two reminders.SettingPrimary health care in the Northern Territory of Australia.ParticipantsAll allied health and nursing students who undertook a student learning placement in the Northern Territory from 2016‐2019 (n = 1936).Main outcome measuresPracticing nurses and allied health professionals were asked about their work history and locations (coded using the Modified Monash Model of remoteness and population size).ResultsThe response rate was 14.2% (275/1936 students). Most respondents reported that their placement positively influenced them to consider working: in a rural or remote location (76%), in the Northern Territory (81%), and with marginalised or under‐served populations (74%). Of the respondents, 224 had graduated and 203 were currently working in their health profession. A total of 31.4% of respondents reported that they had worked in a remote or rural location after graduation.ConclusionsThe student placement had a positive effect on the likelihood of students working in a rural or remote location. A focus on recruiting students with a remote upbringing/background and offering longer placements would likely be successful in helping build the health professional workforce in remote locations.
Moving the Rain: Settler Colonialism, the Capitalist State, and the Hydrologic Rift in California’s Central Valley
Authors: Claire Theo , Surprise Kevin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAgricultural development and water infrastructure constitute the central features of California’s Central Valley. Marxist ecological theory has examined the development of capitalist agriculture in the Central Valley, while decolonial scholarship has critiqued the disproportionate impact of California’s water resource management on Indigenous communities. We bring together Marxist ecology and critiques of settler colonialism through an examination of land reclamation in California, culminating in the development of the Central Valley Project (CVP) in the 1930s. Reclamation combined the twin logics of capitalism (accumulation) and settler colonialism (elimination) to produce landscapes conducive to capitalist agriculture. Faced with ecological limits to accumulation, colonial‐capitalist expansion required state intervention in the form of infrastructure projects to secure water for agricultural production. The CVP generated a rift in California’s hydrologic cycle, causing significant declines in water quality and fisheries and giving rise to forms of resistance and restoration that challenge colonial‐capitalist water development in the Central Valley. The reciprocal restoration of salmon fisheries offers a method to begin mending this hydrologic rift while disrupting ongoing settler colonial violence in California.
Working for Protection? Precarious Legal Inclusion of Afghan Nationals in Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Wyss Anna , Fischer Carolin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper engages with the violent conditions deriving from neoliberal trends in European migration and asylum governance. We explore how continuous precarity, in conjunction with an integration imperative, affects the lives of recently arrived Afghan refugees in Germany and Switzerland. Drawing on critical engagements with the politics of integration and theories of violence, we argue that, in both European countries, Afghans are increasingly forced to earn their right to remain on the basis of labour‐market performance instead of obtaining humanitarian protection. Based on qualitative interview data, we show that persons with a precarious legal status are urged to fulfil neoliberal integration requirements to avoid being deported to their country of citizenship. Employing the “continuum of violence” as an analytical entry point, we specify how the interplay and consequences of structural and cultural violence manifest in the way those affected navigate precarious living conditions and uncertain futures in receiving countries.
Understanding how family demands impair health behaviors in working sole mothers: The role of perceived control over leisure time
Authors: Calderwood Charles , Minnen Molly E. , Phetmisy Cassandra N. , Kidwell Kate E. , French Kimberly A. , King Danielle D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWorking sole mothers (i.e., nonpartnered women who work) may experience elevated family demands that impose barriers to pursuing health behaviors during their daily leisure time. We aimed to map the process through which evening family demands influence leisure‐time health behaviors in this priority population of employees, in an effort to identify targets for intervention development and health disparity reduction. Conducting a 7‐day daily survey study in a sample of 102 working sole mothers, we supported perceptions of control over leisure time as a key mechanism linking evening family demands to leisure‐time exercise. Furthermore, we identified the individual difference of present focus (i.e., a tendency to focus on current experiences) as a key factor that alters how evening family demands affect control over leisure time, which ultimately mitigates the detrimental influence of these demands on evening exercise engagement. In contrast, we did not find evidence to support relationships of evening family demands with the health behaviors of leisure time consumption of alcohol or high sugar, high fat foods via control over leisure time. We discuss how our findings advance theory regarding how family demands influence health and inform practical efforts to reduce health disparities that working sole mothers face.