bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of a portable automatic coil winding machine
Authors: Ebuehi Adesuwa Annabelle , Eric Gift Okeoghene , Akinloye Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The difficulty in winding coil-based electrical and electronic devices manually lies in the fact that it takes so much time and effort to perform. Furthermore, it is difficult to achieve accuracy manually, as it is possible to lose count of the number of turns being wound. The purpose of this paper is to detail the design methods and calculations used to achieve a cost-effective, significantly accurate and more efficient method of winding coils.

Design/methodology/approach
A program flowchart was designed as a guideline for writing the program. An AT89C52 microcontroller was used to control the movement of the two direct current (DC) motors used in the construction of the machine. The circuit design obtained was then simulated using Proteus to test the functionality of the components together.

Findings
An electromechanical automatic coil winding machine for the coiling of simple, small-sized, coil-based electrical devices was successfully designed and fabricated. The machine was tested by winding a 1 kVA transformer. Diagrams, calculations, results and observations obtained during the design and construction are detailed in this paper.

Originality/value
This machine solves the problem of tediousness in coil winding, stably and precisely winding 60 turns/min at a 24 V supply and providing a keypad input method. Although portable automatic coil winding machines have been rendered previously, most have applied the use of stepper motors. The application of brushed DC motors alongside an AT89C52 microcontroller is a variation to the pool of renditions, offering better controllability and a sustained output.
Effect of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme on exit time from catastrophic healthcare expenditure
Authors: Frimpong Albert Opoku , Amporfu Eugenia , Arthur Eric 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCatastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) can plunge households into poverty. Faced with CHE, the question that becomes relevant is how long it will take the household to exit CHE. This paper examines the effect of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on exit time from CHE. The paper uses the Cox proportional hazard model for the analysis, with data sourced from round six of the Ghana Living Standard Survey and World Development Indicators. The results show that households that spend 40% (20%) of their non‐food incomes on healthcare, on average, exit CHE after 10 months and 4 days (13 months and 24 days) being in CHE and those with NHIS coverage exit CHE 19 days (30 days) earlier than those without NHIS coverage. Policy implications arising from this paper include the need to expand NHIS enrolment to mitigate impoverishment due to out‐of‐pocket healthcare payments. Households with higher risks of severe CHE and longer exit time from CHE should be identified and provided with comprehensive NHIS coverage than those with lower risks.
Three English By‐Elections–What Have we Learned?
Authors: Surridge Paula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere have been three recent English Westminster by‐elections, in Hartlepool, Chesham and Amersham, and Batley and Spen. Each of these seats illustrates a different type of party competition and so taken together allow a picture of how voters’ preferences are evolving in the post‐Brexit and post‐pandemic world. This article places each of these by‐elections into a longer‐term perspective, looking at the underlying political changes that have driven the different results. The decline of party identification over this period means that voters are less attached to parties than in the past, more willing to vote for smaller parties and as a result, less predictable in their behaviour. Each of the by‐elections highlights the behaviour of a different group of voters, related to both Brexit and other social identities. The results suggest that we should continue to expect the unexpected when the British electorate goes to the polls, as voting behaviour becomes influenced by complex combinations of values, identities and interests.
CRITICAL URBAN THEORY IN THE ‘URBAN AGE’: Ruptures, Tensions, and Messy Solidarities
Authors: Oswin Natalie , Pratt Geraldine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis symposium extends debates over Neil Brenner‘s and Christian Schmid's planetary urbanization framework as ‘a new epistemology of the urban’. The contributors find much that is provocative and productive in the planetary urbanization approach as it has been advanced thus far. They also have concerns about the ways in which this approach has the potential to limit the bounds of urban theory (intentionally or not). Thus the collection extends existing engagements (most notably via a 2018 special issue of the journal Society and Space) with planetary urbanization by scholars working in minor theoretical registers as an effort to offer positive critique in the context of elaborated alternatives. The intent of the collection is, in short, to offer reflections on urban scholarship in the ‘urban age’ that resist some planetary urbanization theorists’ call to pin down urban theory and instead might leave it open to ‘radical alterity’. The introduction, four research articles and one commentary that make up the symposium cover such topics as urban migrant labor, the multiple temporalities of urban development, caste and urban ecology, the politics of knowledge production, and theorizing as cosmopolitan practice.
SPLANETARY URBANIZATION
Authors: Katz Cindi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article I draw on ideas associated with minor theory to address the politics of knowledge that permeate the discourse and aspirations of planetary urbanization, and think through what is at stake in some of its broader claims. Existing critiques challenge the evacuation of agency, subjectivity and forms of difference in the planetary ambitions of the theory and call out its inattentiveness to lived experience. Here, I seek to further these critiques by addressing lived experience not as some ‘real’ against which all things are measured, but to find the political grounds where social actors are made and act on the shifting conditions of their lives. I excavate some of the social relations flattened or ignored in planetary urbanization's key propositions by drawing on three texts that allow us to imagine the planetary without foreclosure: a map from Rebecca Solnit and Joshua Jelly‐Schapiro's Nonstop Metropolis; the Detroit Geographical Expedition and Institute as an almost forgotten alternative, and an example of urban research and practice that is at once intimate and global; and artist Zoe Leonard's pieces ‘Analogue’ and ‘You See I Am Here After All’. By drawing out some connections to and among these works in time and space, I reframe the planetary with reference to countertopography to reveal and spark consciousness of the makings, undoings, contingencies and possibilities of contemporary urbanization—global and intimate, planetary but lived.
OF HOLY COWS AND UNHOLY POLITICS: Dalits, Annihilation and More‐than‐Human Urban Abolition Ecologies
Authors: Reddy Rajyashree N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, I argue that the ecologies of urban India are constitutively casteist, by which I mean that caste is sedimented into the land, water, and waste of India's cities, with their outcaste bodies of Dalits often providing the critical infrastructural labor necessary for the social reproduction. The casteist ecologies of urban India were cast into sharp relief in 2016 when vigilante Hindu Right cow protectors ruthlessly flogged four Dalit youths as they were doing the stigmatized outcaste labor of disposing of dead cows. The focus of this article is the Dalit struggle that emerged in the wake of this flogging incident to annihilate the casteist logics that undergird India's urban metabolic flows. This struggle nurtures confrontational Dalit subjects who mobilize annihilation as a force of justice to enact urban abolition ecologies that refuse the treatment of Dalits as less‐than‐human while also cultivating ethical relations with the other, including the more‐than‐human other. In this article I build on the abolitionist imaginaries of Dalit struggles to argue that everyday processes of subjectification must be at the analytical center of urban political ecology, and of urban theory more broadly, because subjects, through their everyday incremental and imaginative acts, play a vital role in shaping urban futures. By paying attention to the everyday praxis of refusal and responsibility that constitutes Dalit subjects as planetary subjects who embody a relational ethics of planetarity, I conclude the article by suggesting that the urban theory that we need for our time—a time of the planetary turn in urban studies—is one that approaches the urban through the topos of planetarity.
Gaseous ozone to preserve quality and enhance microbial safety of fresh produce: Recent developments and research needs
Authors: Fan Xuetong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFresh fruits and vegetables are highly perishable and are subject to large postharvest losses due to physiological (senescence), pathologic (decay), and physical (mechanical damage) factors. In addition, contamination of fresh produce with foodborne human pathogens has become a concern. Gaseous ozone has multiple benefits including destruction of ethylene, inactivation of foodborne and spoilage microorganisms, and degradation of chemical residues. This article reviews the beneficial effects of gaseous ozone, its influence on quality and biochemical changes, foodborne human pathogens, and spoilage microorganisms, and discusses research needs with an emphasis on fruits. Ozone may induce synthesis of a number of antioxidants and bioactive compounds by activating secondary metabolisms involving a wide range of enzymes. Disparities exist in the literature regarding the impact of gaseous ozone on quality and physiological processes of fresh produce, such as weight loss, ascorbic acid, and fruit ripening. The disparities are complicated by incomplete reporting of the necessary information, such as relative humidity and temperatures at which ozone measurement and treatment were performed, which is needed for accurate comparison of results among studies. In order to fully realize the benefits of gaseous ozone, research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of gaseous ozone in inhibiting ripening, influence of relative humidity on the antimicrobial efficacy, interaction between ozone and the cuticle of fresh produce, ozone signaling pathways in the cells and tissues, and so forth. Possible adverse effects of gaseous ozone on quality of fresh produce also need to be carefully evaluated for the purpose of enhancing microbial and chemical safety of fresh produce.
Magnetic resonance characterisation of primary Raynaud’s phenomenon
Authors: White Roland Z , Nguyen Thi , Sampson Matthew J 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe objective findings of phalangeal T2‐weighted hyperintense and T1‐weighted hypointense bone marrow signal on MRI without features of seronegative arthropathy or osteomyelitis may assist clinicians in making a diagnosis in the appropriate clinical context.
Serial administration of rhBMP‐2 and alendronate enhances the differentiation of osteoblasts
Authors: Kim Sang‐Hyon , Choi Hye‐Jung , Yoon Dae Sung , Son Chang‐Nam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe incorporation of growth factors is an effective strategy to accelerate bone induction. Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) promotes osteoblast differentiation and induces bone formation. Alendronate (ALN) is an osteoclast deactivation drug. We investigated the effect of serial administration of recombinant human BMP‐2 (rhBMP‐2) and ALN on osteoblast differentiation.MethodsThe effect of serial administration of rhBMP‐2 (0‐150 ng/mL) and ALN (0‐15 µmol/L) on the viability and differentiation of a clonal murine calvarial cell line, MC3T3‐E1, was evaluated at various concentrations and for different periods. The Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay was used to assess cell viability. The alkaline phosphatase activity was evaluated as an indicator of osteogenic differentiation. The expression levels of runt domain‐containing transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN) were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t test.ResultsThe serial treatment with rhBMP‐2 and ALN increased the expression of the differentiation‐related factors Runx2 and OPN, as well as the differentiation ability of osteoblasts compared with individual or simultaneous treatment. The osteoblasts treated with rhBMP‐2 followed by ALN showed the highest differentiation. The degree of differentiation in the group treated with rhBMP‐2 for 7 days followed by ALN for 3 days was increased by 1.5 times compared with that of the group treated with rhBMP‐2 alone (P < .01).ConclusionThese findings indicate that the serial administration of rhBMP‐2 and ALN may exert osteogenic effects on osteoblastic cells via the upregulation of Runx2 and OPN.
Fibromyalgia in HIV‐positive patients in Nigeria: A cross‐sectional prospective study
Authors: Emorinken Airenakho , Dic‐Ijiewere Mercy Ofunami , Erameh Cyril Oshomah , Ugheoke Asuwemhe Johnson , Agbebaku Folasade Ojuolape , Agbadaola Oluwaseun Remi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness. It affects the quality of life of patients and has been associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study aimed to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia in HIV‐positive patients and assess the effect of fibromyalgia on their functional status.MethodologyThis was a cross‐sectional study comprising 160 treatment‐naive HIV‐positive patients and 160 age‐ and sex‐matched HIV‐negative controls. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia was based on the 2011 modification of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria by assessing the widespread pain index and symptom severity score. The severity of fibromyalgia was assessed with the revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of fibromyalgia in HIV‐positive individuals was found to be 10.6%, which was significantly higher compared with controls (3.1%; P = .008). There was no significant association between fibromyalgia and age, gender, or occupation. There was a significant relationship between CD4 count levels (P < .001), WHO clinical stage (P < .001), and fibromyalgia. A statistically significant higher score on the Revised FM Impact Questionnaire was found in HIV‐positive individuals with fibromyalgia (P < .001).ConclusionThe study found that HIV‐positive patients had a significantly higher incidence of fibromyalgia than controls and this was related to active indices of HIV disease. Fibromyalgia had a greater clinical impact on HIV patients than in controls. As a result, fibromyalgia should be identified and treated in people living with HIV.
Real‐time interactive artificial intelligence of things–based prediction for adverse outcomes in adult patients with pneumonia in the emergency department
Authors: Chen You‐Ming , Kao Yuan , Hsu Chien‐Chin , Chen Chia‐Jung , Ma Yu‐Shan , Shen Yu‐Ting , Liu Tzu‐Lan , Hsu Shu‐Lien , Lin Hung‐Jung , Wang Jhi‐Joung , Huang Chien‐Cheng , Liu Chung‐Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundArtificial intelligence of things (AIoT) may be a solution for predicting adverse outcomes in emergency department (ED) patients with pneumonia; however, this issue remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to clarify it.MethodsWe identified 52,626 adult ED patients with pneumonia from three hospitals between 2010 and 2019 for this study. Thirty‐three feature variables from electronic medical records were used to construct an artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict sepsis or septic shock, respiratory failure, and mortality. After comparisons of the predictive accuracies among logistic regression, random forest, support‐vector machine (SVM), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), we selected the best one to build the model. We further combined the AI model with the Internet of things as AIoT, added an interactive mode, and implemented it in the hospital information system to assist clinicians with decision making in real time. We also compared the AIoT‐based model with the confusion‐urea‐respiratory rate‐blood pressure‐65 (CURB‐65) and pneumonia severity index (PSI) for predicting mortality.ResultsThe best AI algorithms were random forest for sepsis or septic shock (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.781), LightGBM for respiratory failure (AUC = 0.847), and mortality (AUC = 0.835). The AIoT‐based model represented better performance than CURB‐65 and PSI indicators for predicting mortality (0.835 vs. 0.681 and 0.835 vs. 0.728).ConclusionsA real‐time interactive AIoT‐based model might be a better tool for predicting adverse outcomes in ED patients with pneumonia. Further validation in other populations is warranted.
Gender differences in any alcohol screening and discussions with providers among older adults in the United States, 2015 to 2019
Authors: Mauro Pia M. , Askari Melanie S. , Han Benjamin H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnhealthy alcohol use is increasing among older adults, particularly women. We estimated gender differences in the prevalence of alcohol screening/discussions with healthcare providers among older adults who use alcohol.MethodsUsing the 2015 to 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we included 9663 adults age 65 and older in the United States who used alcohol and had a past‐year healthcare encounter. We estimated the weighted prevalence of alcohol screening/discussions (no screening; screening only; discussions with providers) by gender. We used weighted multinomial logistic regression models to examine correlates of alcohol use screening/discussions.ResultsAmong older adults who used alcohol and encountered the healthcare system in the past year, 24.68% of men and 27.04% of women reported no alcohol screening/discussions. Men were more likely than women to be asked about drinking frequency, amount, or problems related to drinking. Compared to no alcohol screening/discussions, women were 22% more likely (95% CI: 1.05, 1.42) to report alcohol screening only but were 18% less likely to discuss alcohol with providers (95% CI: 0.73, 0.91) than men. Women had 0.67 times (95% CI: 0.60, 0.74) the adjusted odds of reporting alcohol discussions with providers versus any alcohol screening only compared with men.ConclusionsOver a quarter of older adults who used alcohol were not asked about their drinking, and older women were less likely than men to discuss alcohol use with providers. Given the increased risk for harms of alcohol use with aging, older adults should be screened and counseled regarding their alcohol use.
5 Scaling Centers and Commerce in Preclassic and Late Classic Settlements in South‐Central Veracruz
Authors: Ossa Alanna 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTPrevious research in the Mixtequilla region of south‐central Veracruz documented commercial market exchange centered on the Middle Postclassic period (1200–1350 CE) center of Sauce. However, residential evidence and the spatial articulation of exchange (commercial or not) with centers has not been evaluated systematically for both the Preclassic (600 BCE – 300 CE) and Late Classic (600–900 CE) periods. These periods are of particular interest in evaluating the association of political centers with commerce because they are marked by the formation of a large capital and state (Cerro de las Mesas) during the Preclassic, and the breakdown of this state into several likely competing polities (Nopiloa, Azuzules, and Zapotal) in the Late Classic. Density collections of ceramics at residential mounds made by Stark's Proyecto Arqueológico La Mixtequilla provide evidence for changes in the scale and network distributions of exchange over time.[Veracruz, quantitative methods, markets, Preclassic, Late Classic]
Higher concentrations of cytokine blockers are needed to obtain small bowel mucosal healing during maintenance therapy in Crohn's disease
Authors: Takenaka Kento , Kawamoto Ami , Hibiya Shuji , Suzuki Kohei , Fujii Toshimitsu , Motobayashi Maiko , Shimizu Hiromichi , Nagahori Masakazu , Saito Eiko , Okamoto Ryuichi , Watanabe Mamoru , Ohtsuka Kazuo 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundSeveral studies have reported a positive correlation between serum drug concentrations and endoscopic remission in patients with Crohn's disease.AimTo examine the association between the concentrations of cytokine blockers (infliximab, adalimumab and ustekinumab) and endoscopic remission of small bowel lesions.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted at a single tertiary referral centre. Patients with Crohn's disease who received maintenance cytokine blocker therapy were recruited from April 2018 to May 2020. We performed balloon‐assisted enteroscopy and collected serum samples to measure drug concentrations. The primary endpoint was the relationship between the concentrations of cytokine blockers and endoscopic remission in the small bowel.ResultsWe enrolled 143 patients, 66, 44 and 33 of whom were receiving infliximab, adalimumab and ustekinumab, respectively. Enteroscopic findings showed that the rate of endoscopic remission of small bowel lesions was significantly lower than that of colonic lesions (P < 0.01). For each agent, the mean drug concentration in patients exhibiting endoscopic remission in the small bowel was higher than that observed in patients with endoscopic remission in the colon (but not in the small bowel) or with any active disease (either in the small bowel, colon or both). Patients with infliximab, adalimumab and ustekinumab concentrations >5, 14 and 4 µg/mL were nearly 5.3‐, 9.4‐ and 14.7‐times more likely to exhibit endoscopic remission of the small bowel, respectively.ConclusionsCytokine blocker treatment was less efficacious for small bowel inflammation than colonic inflammation. Higher serum concentrations were needed to achieve endoscopic remission of small bowel lesions.
Robot‐assisted enucleation of a giant submucosal tumor in the upper esophagus
Authors: Aritake Tsukasa , Abe Tetsuya , Higaki Eiji , Nagao Takuya , Hosoi Takahiro , Hosoda Waki , Sakamoto Shoko , Ito Seiji , Komori Koji , Shimizu Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFew reports have demonstrated robotic surgery for large tumors in the upper esophagus. We report a case of a 52‐year‐old woman with a giant submucosal tumor in the upper esophagus successfully enucleated using robotic surgery. She presented with odynophagia and dysphagia, with subsequent evaluation revealing a submucosal mass measuring approximately 10 cm in diameter in the upper esophagus. The mass was compressing the trachea and enlarged over 3 years. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration of the tumor was non‐diagnostic. Robot‐assisted esophageal submucosal tumor enucleation was performed for diagnosis and treatment. Flexible forceps control allowed for a multi‐directional approach to dissect the tumor and stable forceps handling was critical in this delicate procedure. Subsequent pathological review revealed a well‐differentiated esophageal liposarcoma. While surgical margins were not entirely negative, the local recurrence rate of the tumor is low. At the patient's request, we decided to observe the patient without additional resection.