bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent class analysis to predict intensive care outcomes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: a proposal of two pulmonary phenotypes
Authors: Wendel Garcia Pedro D. , Caccioppola Alessio , Coppola Silvia , Pozzi Tommaso , Ciabattoni Arianna , Cenci Stefano , Chiumello Davide 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome remains a heterogeneous syndrome for clinicians and researchers difficulting successful tailoring of interventions and trials. To this moment, phenotyping of this syndrome has been approached by means of inflammatory laboratory panels. Nevertheless, the systemic and inflammatory expression of acute respiratory distress syndrome might not reflect its respiratory mechanics and gas exchange.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of two hundred thirty-eight patients consecutively admitted patients under mechanical ventilation presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome. All patients received standardized monitoring of clinical variables, respiratory mechanics and computed tomography scans at predefined PEEP levels. Employing latent class analysis, an unsupervised structural equation modelling method, on respiratory mechanics, gas-exchange and computed tomography-derived gas- and tissue-volumes at a PEEP level of 5cmH2O, distinct pulmonary phenotypes of acute respiratory distress syndrome were identified.

Results
Latent class analysis was applied to 54 respiratory mechanics, gas-exchange and CT-derived gas- and tissue-volume variables, and a two-class model identified as best fitting. Phenotype 1 (non-recruitable) presented lower respiratory system elastance, alveolar dead space and amount of potentially recruitable lung volume than phenotype 2 (recruitable). Phenotype 2 (recruitable) responded with an increase in ventilated lung tissue, compliance and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p < 0.001), in addition to a decrease in alveolar dead space (p < 0.001), to a standardized recruitment manoeuvre. Patients belonging to phenotype 2 (recruitable) presented a higher intensive care mortality (hazard ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.7–2.7, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
The present study identifies two ARDS phenotypes based on respiratory mechanics, gas-exchange and computed tomography-derived gas- and tissue-volumes. These phenotypes are characterized by distinctly diverse responses to a standardized recruitment manoeuvre and by a diverging mortality. Given multicentre validation, the simple and rapid identification of these pulmonary phenotypes could facilitate enrichment of future prospective clinical trials addressing mechanical ventilation strategies in ARDS.
Performance of the UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract 2.0 instrument as a clinical decision aid in the routine clinical care of patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Zampatti Norina , Garaiman Alexandru , Jordan Suzana , Dobrota Rucsandra , Becker Mike Oliver , Maurer Britta , Distler Oliver , Mihai Carina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives
The University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument 2.0 (UCLA GIT 2.0) is validated to capture gastrointestinal (GI) tract morbidity in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aims of this study were to determine in a large SSc cohort if the UCLA GIT 2.0 is able to discriminate patients for whom a rheumatologist with experience in SSc would recommend an esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD), and if it could identify patients with endoscopically proven esophagitis or with any pathologic finding on EGD.

Methods
We selected patients fulfilling the ACR/EULAR 2013 criteria for SSc from our EUSTAR center having completed at least once the UCLA GIT 2.0 questionnaire, and we collected data on gastrointestinal symptoms and EGD from their medical charts. We analyzed by general linear mixed effect models several parameters, including UCLA GIT 2.0, considered as potentially associated with the indication of EGD, as well as with endoscopic esophagitis and any pathologic finding on EGD.

Results
We identified 346 patients (82.7% female, median age 63 years, median disease duration 10 years, 23% diffuse cutaneous SSc) satisfying the inclusion criteria, who completed UCLA GIT 2.0 questionnaires at 940 visits. EGD was recommended at 169 visits. In multivariable analysis, UCLA GIT 2.0 and some of its subscales (reflux, distention/bloating, social functioning) were associated with the indication of EGD. In 177 EGD performed in 145 patients, neither the total ULCA GIT 2.0 score nor any of its subscales were associated with endoscopic esophagitis, nor with any pathologic EGD findings.

Conclusions
In a real-life setting, the UCLA GIT 2.0 and its reflux subscale were able to discriminate patients with SSc who had an indication for EGD, but did not correlate with findings in EGD. We conclude that, while using the UCLA GIT 2.0 in the routine care of patients with SSc may help the rheumatologist to better understand the burden of GI symptoms in the individual patient, it should not be used as a stand-alone instrument to identify an indication of EGD.
Effects of self-myofascial release interventions with or without sliding pressures on skin temperature, range of motion and perceived well-being: a randomized control pilot trial
Authors: Kerautret Yann , Guillot Aymeric , Eyssautier Carole , Gibert Guillaume , Di Rienzo Franck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Self-myofascial release is an emerging technique in strength and conditioning. Yet, there is no consensus regarding optimal practice guidelines. Here, we investigated the acute effects of various foam rolling interventions targeting quadriceps muscles, with or without sliding pressures.

Methods
We conducted a blinded randomized control pilot trial in 42 healthy weightlifting athletes over 4 weeks. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the four intervention (120 s massage routine) groups: foam rolling, roller massager, foam rolling with axial sliding pressures, foam rolling with transverse sliding pressures. Knee range of motion, skin temperature and subjective scores of the perceived heat, range of motion, muscle pain and relaxation were the dependent variables. Measurements were carried on before, after and up to 15 min (follow-up) after the massage intervention.

Results
The range of motion increased immediately after the various foam rolling interventions (+ 10.72%, 95% CI 9.51 to 11.95, p < 0.001), but progressively returned back to the pre-intervention baseline along within the 15 min post-intervention. Foam rolling was the most effective intervention to increase skin temperature from thermographic measures (+ 14.06%, 95% CI 10.97 to 17.10, p < 0.001), while the increase in perceived heat was comparable in all experimental groups (107%, 95% CI 91.08 to 122.61, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Subjective indexes of heat, range of motion, muscle pain and relaxation improved immediately after the intervention, but also gradually returned to the pre-intervention baseline. Overall, combining foam rolling with sliding pressures did not yield additional benefits from objective measures.
Some generalizations of the Hermite–Hadamard integral inequality
Authors: Simić Slavko , Bin-Mohsin Bandar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article we give two possible generalizations of the Hermite–Hadamard integral inequality for the class of twice differentiable functions, where the convexity property of the target function is not assumed in advance. They represent a refinement of this inequality in the case of convex/concave functions with numerous applications.
Removal of arsenate using graphene oxide-iron modified clinoptilolite-based composites: adsorption kinetic and column study
Authors: Bilici Baskan Meltem , Hadimlioglu Seçil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, graphene oxide (GO), iron modified clinoptilolite (FeZ), and composites of GO-FeZ (GOFeZA and GOFeZB) were synthesized and characterized using SEM, EDS, XRF, FTIR, and pHpzc. The arsenate uptake on composites of GOFeZA and GOFeZB was examined by both kinetic and column studies. The adsorption capacity increases with the increase of the initial arsenate concentration at equilibrium for both composites. At the initial arsenate concentration of 450 μg/L, the arsenate adsorption on GOFeZA and GOFeZB was 557.86 and 554.64 μg/g, respectively. Arsenate adsorption on both composites showed good compatibility with the pseudo second order kinetic model. The adsorption process was explained by the surface complexation or ion exchange and electrostatic attraction between GOFeZA or GOFeZB and arsenate ions in the aqueous solution due to the relatively low equilibrium time and fairly rapid adsorption of arsenate at the beginning of the process. The adsorption mechanism was confirmed by characterization studies performed after arsenate was loaded onto the composites. The fixed-bed column experiments showed that the increasing the flow rate of the arsenate solution through the column resulted in a decrease in empty bed contact time, breakthrough time, and volume of treated water. As a result of the continuous operation column study with regenerated GOFeZA, it was demonstrated that the regenerated GOFeZA has lower breakthrough time and volume of treated water compared to fresh GOFeZA.
Oncologist-Reported Reasons for Not Ordering Multimarker Tumor Panels: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Roberts Megan C. , Spees Lisa P. , Freedman Andrew N. , Klein William M. P. , Prabhu Das Irene , Butler Eboneé N. , de Moor Janet S. 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSEThis study examines oncologist-reported reasons for not using multimarker tumor panel testing and the association between these reasons and oncologist-level, facility-level, and patient-mix characteristics.METHODSWe used data collected from a nationally representative sample (N = 1,281) of medical oncologists participating in the National Cancer Institute's National Survey of Precision Medicine in Cancer Treatment.RESULTSIn addition to testing not being seen as relevant (87%) and no evidence of test utility (77%), the most frequently reported reasons for not ordering a multimarker tumor panel test was difficulty in obtaining sufficient tissue (57%) and using individual gene tests (72%). These reasons were more likely to be reported by oncologists practicing in rural clinics and less likely to be reported by oncologists with an academic affiliation or with access to genetic services such as on-site genetic counselors and internal genetic testing policies.CONCLUSIONModifiable, organizational factors were associated with ordering multimarker tumor panels. Receipt of genomics training and organizational policies related to the use of genomics were associated with lower reporting of barriers to ordering multimarker tumor panels, pointing to potential targets for future studies aimed at increasing appropriate multimarker tumor panel testing in cancer treatment management.
Cardiorespiratory Synchrony in Turtles
Authors: Wang Tobias , Hicks James W. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Many reptiles, particularly diving species, display characteristic cardiovascular changes associated with lung ventilation (cardiorespiratory synchrony). Previous studies on freshwater turtl.es show that heart rate and pulmonary blood flow rate (Q̇pul) increase two-to fourfold during ventilation compared with breath-holding, and some studies. report concomitant decreases in systemic blood flow rate (Q̇sys). The primary aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of cardiorespiratory synchrony in free-diving and fully recovered turtles (Trachemys scrip.ta). During breath-holds lasting longer than 5 min, Q̇pul averaged 15 ml min-1 kg-1 and increased more than threefold to a.maximum value of 50 ml min-1 kg-1 during ventilation. Q̇sys also increased during ventilation compared with during breath-holds lasting longer than 5 min (from 44 to 73 ml min-1 kg-1 during ventilation). Neither Q̇pul nor Q̇sys was affected by the n. umber of. breaths in the ventilatory periods. Changes in Q̇pul and Q̇sys were accomplished entirely through a significant increase in heart rate during ventilation, while total stroke volume (systemic + pulmonary) remain.ed constant. Irre.spective of the ventilatory state, Q̇sys exceeded Q̇pul by 20–30 ml min-1 kg-1. Nev.ertheless, because Q̇pul in.creas.ed relatively more than Q̇sys during ventilation, Q̇pul/Q̇sys increased from 0.29 during apnoea to 0.80 during lung ventilation. This study confirms cardiorespiratory synchrony in the turtle Trachemys scripta but, in contrast to earlier studies, a net right-to-left cardiac shunt prevailed regardless of ventilatory state.
Exploring Reproductive Health Impact of COVID 19 pandemic: In Depth Interviews with key stakeholders in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Nighat , Musharraf Mehjabeen , Khan Farah , Shah Nusrat 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To explore the effects of COVID 19 on reproductive and child health services and gender relations.
Methods: This is a Qualitative Exploratory Research. Due to lockdown, setting was online interviews on Zoom. Sampling was purposive. Five in-depth interviews were conducted in June 2020 followed by compilation of results and manuscript writing in July and August 2020.
Results: Maternal Neonatal morbidity and mortality will rise as part of collateral damage of C19. As all routine services of maternity care, family planning, post abortion care and vaccination were also in lockdown. Baby boom, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions and violence against women will be the secondary consequences of C19.
Conclusion: Some critical services should never stop which include maternal and neonatal essential services. MNCH service continuity has to be maintained to optimize maternal neonatal health, prevent unwanted pregnancy and abortion. With appropriate standard operating procedures, and protective equipments, health facilities need to open. LHWs and community mobilisers with PPEs should continue services.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3877
How to cite this:Shah N, Musharraf M, Khan F, Shah N. Exploring Reproductive Health Impact of COVID 19 pandemic: In Depth Interviews with key stakeholders in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):1069-1074. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3877
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Regional Disparities in the Training Market: Opportunities for Adolescents to Obtain a Company-Based Training Place Depending on Regional Training Market Conditions
Authors: Michaelis Christian , Busse Robin 
Published: April 2021

Context: Due to limited geographical mobility, opportunities for adolescents interested in company-based training are primarily dependent on regional training offers. Competition for company-based training among adolescents varies regionally, and thus, the chance to obtain a training contract varies as well. In this article, we investigate the opportunities for adolescents to obtain company-based training depending on regional training market conditions. We assume that the advantages of obtaining a company-based training place exist in areas of decreased competition among interested adolescents. However, the question is whether those advantages will differ between adolescents depending on characteristics such as school achievement, socioeconomic status or migration background. Furthermore, we assume that, above all, market-induced ease-of-access to company-based training exists for occupations that face hiring challenges and indicates less occupational attractiveness.Methods: The transition from school (after 9th and 10th grade) to company-based training is analysed using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS, starting cohort 4). This dataset is merged with the official regional training market data regarding local supply and demand ratio for training places (called "SDR") in the dual system of Vocational Education and Training in Germany. Logistic regressions are used to predict the probabilities of obtaining a training place. The focus lies on the interaction effects between SDR and adolescents’ education-related characteristics (school certificates and grade point average), socioeconomic characteristics and migration backgrounds. Subgroup-specific analyses of different clusters of hiring challenges for trainee occupations are used to examine whether these effects are valid for all occupations.Findings: The results confirm regional differences in obtaining a training place depending on the SDR. Here, applicant hierarchies according to educational achievement continue to exist if competition for company-based training among adolescents decreases. Beneficiaries are better-qualified adolescents with poorer GPAs. SDR hardly influences social disparities. However, the advantages of obtaining a company-based training place primarily exist for training occupations with hiring challenges when competition for company-based training among adolescents decreases. These occupations have a significantly lower occupational prestige (ISEI-08) compared to occupations with fewer hiring challenges.Conclusion: The results make it clear that market-induced ease-of-access to company-based training is not necessarily an advantage. Because the findings indicate that the advantages pertain mainly to low-prestige occupations, it can be assumed that career-path disadvantages can arise down the road. Future studies should investigate this in more differentiated ways.
Posisi komponen GPP terhadap variasi konstituen harmonik pasang surut bulan Muharram di Stasiun Sabang
Authors: Salnuddin Salnuddin , Wahidin Nurhalis , Bemba Jefry 
Published: April 2021

The movement of celestial bodies produces a variation of a gravitational gradient as a tidal generation force (GPP). Position Sabang Station, declination maximum and position lunar month of Muharram aka n generate harmonic constituent character identifier of GPP, where the water level is the sum of the amplitude of harmonic constituent that generated at a certain time.This research is to determine the variation of harmonic constituents and identify the character of harmonic constituents of GPP component position characterization in Muharram month. The results show Katrakteristik tidal movement beginning of the month of Muharram in Sabang Station occurred 1-2 hours after ijtimak.. Value riding dominant water derived from the value of Mean Sea Level ( 52%), and the dominant contribution hamonik constituents derived from component M 2 (28 - 33%). Harmonic constituents M 2 does not show the position of the moon in Muharram, while the position of the sun is reflected in the constituent phase harmonic S 2..
Ekosistem mangrove sebagai habitat kepiting bakau (Scylla Serrata) di Kampung Nipah Desa Sei Nagalawan Kecamatan Perbaungan Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Saragi Sari Marina , Desrita Desrita 
Published: April 2021

Highly Utilization of Mangrove field as cultivation field of fish and recreation and tour site by people have big posses to the abundance of Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) because of mangrove play role as habitats of mangrove crabs. The research was conducted for two months from December 2016 to January 2017. This study aims to see the structure of mangrove vegetation, the abundance of Mangrove Crab and the influence of mangrove vegetation structure on the abundance of Mangrove Crab in Kampung Nipah. The results of this research are Vegetation structure of Mangrove in the station I and II show high density, whereas density in station III wide apart. The abundance of mangrove crab in the station I and II showed the higher result from station III. The Influence of Vegetation Structure of Mangrove and Abundance of Mangrove Crab can be related by using regression analysis Y = 0.0241x + 113.6. The correlation coefficient (r) that value obtained as 0.79 have a meaning the connection between mangrove density and abundance of mangrove crab are rated in the strong category that has a value 79%. The density of Mangrove to 1000 units will rise up the abundance of mangrove crab to 43.5 an individual. Tingginya pemanfaatan mangrove sebagai lahan budidaya ikan dan sebagai wisata rekreasi oleh masyarakat sangat mempengaruhi kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) karena hutan mangrove merupakan habitat bagi Kepiting Bakau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua bulan yaitu bulan Desember 2016 sampai Januari 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat struktur vegetasi mangrove, kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau dan pengaruh struktur vegetasi mangrove terhadap kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau di Kampung Nipah. Hasil dari penelitian struktur vegetasi mangrove di stasiun I dan II memiliki kerapatan sangat padat, sedangkaan kerapatan di stasiun III jarang. Kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau di Stasiun I dan II lebih tinggi dari kelimpahan di stasiun III. Pengaruh kerapatan mangrove dan kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau diperoleh persamaan regresi yaitu Y = 43,521 + 0,2061x. Koefisien korelasi (r) yang diperoleh 0,79 yang artinya hubungan kerapatan mangrove dan kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau tergolong kuat yaitu sebesar 79%. Kerapatan mangrove sebanyak 1000 satuan akan meningkatkan kelimpahan Kepiting Bakau sebesar 43,5 individu.
High-harmonic-driven inverse Raman scattering
Authors: Mitrofanov A. V. , Rozhko M. V. , Voronin A. A. , Sidorov-Biryukov D. A. , Fedotov A. B. , Zheltikov A. M. 
Published: April 2021

Spectral analysis of high-order harmonics generated by ultrashort mid-infrared pulses in molecular nitrogen reveals well-resolved signatures of inverse Raman scattering, showing up near the frequencies of prominent vibrational transitions of nitrogen molecules. When tuned on a resonance with the

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pathway within the

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second positive system of molecular nitrogen, the eleventh harmonic of a 3.9 µm, 80 fs driver is shown to acquire a distinctive antisymmetric spectral profile with red-shifted bright and blue-shifted dark features as indicators of stimulated Raman gain and loss. This high-harmonic setting extends the inverse Raman effect to a vast class of strong-field light–matter interaction scenarios.