bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Comparative Dissolution Studies of Different Propranolol Generic Tablets Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Shuma Madhabi Lata , Biswas Bishyajit Kumar , Raihan Sheikh Zahir , Halder Shimul 
Published: December 2021

The present study focused to assess in vitro dissolution profiles of four different products of propranolol 10 mg Tablets (Randomly coded as PRP1-PRP4) available in Bangladesh comparing with the reference brand (coded as REF). Propranolol is a competitive non selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to amend or restore normal heart rhythm in cardiovascular diseases. An in vitro dissolution study was carried out using the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) paddle method at 75 rpm with 500 mL of 0.1N HCl dissolution media at 37.0± 0.5 0C. All the tested locally manufactured propranolol products; PRP1, PRP2, PRP3, PRP4 showed compatible dissolution (87%, 86%, 87%, and 80%, respectively) pattern (dissolution criterion Q=80% in 30 minutes) compared with the reference brand (88% dissolution in 30 minutes). The dissolution behavior was estimated with the reference brand using a model dependent and model-independent approach (f2>50, f1 < 15). A mechanistic mathematical release kinetics was also evaluated. The best-fit kinetic model was Hixon-Crowell release kinetics for reference brand and PRP1; and first order release kinetics was predominant for PRP2, PRP3 and PRP4.
Keywords: propranolol, dissolution, similarity factor, difference factor, dissolution kinetics
Real Effects of Private Country-by-Country Disclosure
Authors: De Simone Lisa , Olbert Marcel 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effects of mandatory private Country-by-Country Reporting (CbCR) to European tax authorities on multinational firms' capital and labor investments, as well as their organizational structures. We exploit the threshold-based application of this 2016 disclosure rule to conduct difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity tests. We document increases in capital and labor expenditures in Europe, but these effects are more pronounced in countries with preferential tax regimes. Cross-sectional tests and analysis using consolidated financial data provide evidence consistent with multinational firms reallocating capital across Europe to mitigate increased tax enforcement risk, as well as with CbCR hindering capital investment efficiency. We also find evidence consistent with firms responding to CbCR by reducing organizational complexity. Collectively, our results support the conclusion that mandatory private CbCR causes firms to change real investment activities to substantiate their tax avoidance activities in Europe while reducing the appearance of aggressive tax practices.
JEL Classifications: H20; H25; H26; H32; K22; L51; M41; M48; O47.
Sjangring som musikkdidaktisk praksis
Authors: Ellefsen Live 
Published: December 2021

I denne artikkelen argumenteres det for at sjanger ikke bare utgjør et kunnskapsinnhold i musikkfaget i grunnskolen, men også fungerer som en kunnskapsproduserende diskursiv praksis. For å forstå hvordan, og på bakgrunn av tidligere teorier om sjangeres vesen og verdi, skriver forfatteren frem sjanger som handling: å sjangre. Artikkelen undersøker hvordan lærere som underviser i musikk i norsk grunnskole sjangrer musikk og musikkaktiviteter når de beskriver undervisningen sin. Analysene viser at lærernes sjangring tjener praktisk-didaktiske formål ved å ordne et innholdstilfang og tilrettelegge det for læring. I dette arbeidet operasjonaliserer sjangringen bestemte musikkhistoriske narrativ og etablerer likheter og forskjeller mellom musikk, folk og kulturer, tider og steder. Samtidig virker sjangringen diskursivt regulerende på selve tilfanget, ved å ta for gitt et utvalg den allerede har produsert. Dette gir seg blant annet utslag i et vektet og kanonisert innhold hva angår musikken og artistene/komponistene som er representert i skolen.
English abstract
English title: “Genring” as a music educational practice
Based on a survey carried out among Norwegian primary and secondary school teachers teaching music at the time, this article addresses the teachers’ use of the concept of “genre” and genrerelated terminology when describing their music lessons. In the article, “genre” is considered a social and cultural meaning-making practice. Indeed, better to explore the productive aspects of genre in music educational settings, the author reconceptualises genre as a verb: to genre. The analyses show that music teachers’ genring of educational content constructs specific discursive formations of knowledge, characterised by creating historical narratives, and by enacting differences.
Physiological benefits of a honeydew-based functional food fortified with selected bioactive agents justified by trials
Authors: Némedi E. , Nemes J. , Mirmazloum I. , Pituk D. , Szarka V. , Kiss A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Honey is a consumer-preferred, highly esteemed natural product with a broad variety of distinct bioactive components. In recent days, the consumption of high-added-value, honey-based products are increasingly coming to the forefront of interest, and thus huge efforts are being made by researchers/developers to elaborate honey variants with fortified biological value. Relevant human clinical trials have scarcely been accomplished; thus, the biological impact of honey and its derivatives has not been thoroughly revealed. In this work, we present our experiments on the development of a novel honey-based prototype and its plausible physiological impacts certified via human clinical trials. The investigated product was a newly elaborated honeydew-based prototype fortified with pumpkin, sea buckthorn, and inulin, which was subjected to a 13-week-long, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical trial. The prototypes were applied to 20 adult volunteers to establish the complex impact of the newly developed product. Conclusions drawn at the end of the trial were based on results of blood tests taken at diverse phases of the study. The positive physiological effects of consumption of the investigated products are underpinned by the fact that no significant elevations have been measured in terms of the blood glucose level and parameters featuring long-term blood sugar levels. Slight decrease of both LDL and HDL cholesterol levels were also experienced.
Influence of milk used for cheese making on microbiological aspects of Camembert-type cheese
Authors: György É. , Laslo É. , Onodi I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Camembert-type cheeses are surface mould-ripened soft cheeses obtained with Penicillium camemberti. Soft cheeses are more frequently associa ted with foodborne disease outbreaks than hard and semi-hard cheeses. During our work, three Camembert-type cheeses were prepared on a pilot/small industrial scale. The first cheese was made from bulk milk and pasteurized at 74 °C for 15 seconds. The second and third cheese were prepared from one type of milk and were heat-treated at 72 °C for 60 seconds. The microbial contamination with Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus of the three Camembert-type cheeses was evaluated. The food-related stress survival of Salmonella spp. and S. aureus isolates originated from the cheese samples was assayed. The antibiotic suscep tibility of the bacterial isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method, using 12 and 16 different antibiotics respectively. Based on the results, the first cheese sample contained the highest number of Salmonella bacteria; S. aureus was detected only in the first sample. According to the results of antibiotic susceptibility of the Salmonella, isolates showed susceptibility to the majority of assayed antibiotics and resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, amikacin, and cefotaxime. The S. aureus isolates showed resistance to trimethoprim and displayed intermediate resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
Antioxidant capacity of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrumL.) leaves and buds
Authors: Orbán Cs. , Kis É. , Albert Cs. , Molnos É. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe antioxidant capacity is the combined free radical scavenging effect of all antioxidant compounds found in the studied system. There is a growing need for accurate, numerical determination of this capacity (for easier comparison), so there are many analytical procedures, methods, and measurement systems available to researchers. Neither one is able to model the totality of real, naturally occurring reactions; therefore, conclusions about the antioxidant power of the studied sample can be drawn only after using several methods. In this work, the total phenolic content (TPC) of blackcurrant leaves and buds was determined, and the antioxidant capacity was tested using the DPPH and FRAP assays. 80% methanol was the most effective in the extraction of phenolics followed by 80% ethanol, while for the antioxidant capacity the acetone (50%)/water/acetic acid (2%) mixture proved to be the best. Significant differences were observed between cultivars and sampling dates, but the pattern of variation during the harvest period was similar for all cultivars.
Acerca del movimiento de reconceptualización
Authors: Alayón-Fernández Norberto , Molina-Molina María Lorena 
Published: December 2021

Analiza el Movimiento de Reconceptualización, desarrollando brevemente una suerte de balance de las influencias recibidas, de sus aportes y limitaciones, rescatando la importancia de este proceso para perfilar un nuevo tipo de Trabajo Social, ligado a los intereses estratégicos de los sectores más vulnerados de la población en consonancia con un enfoque de defensa, promoción, protección y exigibilidad de los derechos humanos. Concluye con una reflexión acerca de los desafíos para la formación profesional.
Eksploring Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah
Authors: Sutarno  
Published: December 2021

Keberadaan madrasah diniyah seringkali dijadikan sebagai alasan untuk mengganti kebudayaan setempat atau yang biasa disebut kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan desain pengembangan kurikulum, menganalisis implementasi pengembangan kurikulum, dan mendeskripsikan hasil model pengembangan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam berbasis kearifan lokal di Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Pelem Jati Kabupaten Blora. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian studi kasus. Ditemukan bahwa pengembangan kurikulum yang dilakukan adalah dengan menambahkan muatan lokal Arab Pegon, Fasholatan, Barzanji Diba’, Yasin Tahlil dan Bahasa Jawa pada struktur kurikulum. Kurikulum juga memasukkan (a) seni hadrah, (b) kaligrafi, (c) bahasa Inggris, dan (d) muhadlarah sebagai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Mulok dan ekstrakurikuler dipilih untuk melestarikan kearifan lokal tradisi nyadran (sedekah bumi), hajad sepekan kelahiran bayi, hajad khitanan dan pernikahan, kenduri orang meninggal saat hari ke-3, 7, 40, 100, setahun, dua tahun, dan seribu hari. Penelitian ini berimplikasi pada teori eksporing kearifan lokal dalam pengembangan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah. Diharapkan banyak madrasah diniyah takmiliyah yang mengeksplor kearifan lokal sebagai dasar pengembangan kurikulum
Oscillation theory of q-difference equation
Authors: Soundarya  , T G Gerly , V Rexma Sherine 
Published: December 2021

In this research article, the authors present the oscillation theory of the q-difference equation
K(t)y(qt)+k(t/q)y(t/q)= r(t)y(t)
where r(t) = k(t)+k(t/q)-q(t) In particular we prove that this q-difference equation is oscillatory or non-oscillatory for different conditions.
La La crisis penitenciaria en Ecuador y la vulneración sistemática de los derechos humanos
Authors: González Malla Janeth Patricia , Armijos Campoverde Henry Antonio 
Published: December 2021

La crisis penitenciaria en Ecuador es una reflexión que contrasta el criterio de expertos penitenciaristas y la problemática carcelaria que está viviendo el país actualmente; se parte de hacer un recuento teórico del tema, la crisis global que ha sido una constante en el ámbito penitenciario, con énfasis en América Latina y de manera específica Ecuador. A pesar que el sistema penitenciario está respaldado por la norma internacional y nacional que garantiza los derechos fundamentales, el tratamiento de los privados de libertad y el actuar de la administración penitenciaria, esto no ha sido suficiente, pues sin la voluntad política de los gobiernos de turno, no se verá cristalizada la resocialización. En fin, en la narrativa de esta investigación se demuestra la vulneración constante de los derechos fundamentales de los privados de libertad en Ecuador, especialmente el atentado contra la dignidad como principal atributo del ser humano. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, cuya técnica utilizada es la observación documental; es decir, se ha partido de análisis de informes de la Defensoría del Pueblo a los diferentes centros de rehabilitación en todo el Ecuador, reportajes de los medios de comunicación y sentencias internacionales que han servido de precedente.
Los principales problemas que ahondan la crisis penitenciaria son: el deterioro de la infraestructura carcelaria, la violencia, la corrupción y el uso indiscriminado de la prisión preventiva. En definitiva, mientras se trate de solucionar el problema carcelario desde un enfoque de seguridad y control, no se logrará resultados positivos; pues, la crisis requiere una visión global que abarque la seguridad, el control y la rehabilitación, todo con la voluntad política del Estado apoyado en la academia.
Qualitative Exploration of Legal, Economic and Health Impacts of Covid-19 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amuda Yusuff Jelili , Chikhaoui Emna , Hassan Shafiqul , Dhali Mohsin 
Published: December 2021

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, several researches have been conducted in different parts of the world, including Saudi Arabia. However, there is little focus of attention on qualitative exploration of the impacts of COVID-19 in the context of Saudi Arabia. The primary objective of this study was to explore the opinions of legal, economic, and medical experts pertaining to the impacts of COVID-19. The methodology employed in this paper was a qualitative research design. The data was collected with a specific focus on the use of an in-depth interview. Fifteen (15) participants among the legal, economic, and medical experts were finally used for the interview among the targeted participants. In order to analyze the data, different themes were generated from the transcribed interviews, which were: Overview of COVID-19, legal, economic, health impacts. The finding of the study revealed that the current pandemic of Covid-19 has multidimensional impacts in Saudi Arabia. The pandemic has negative impact not only on the social and economic areas but also on the legal sphere. Social and economic impacts of the Covid-19 increase the inequality, discrimination, unemployment, deprivation of usual education, and disruption in business activities. The findings further indicated that the legal impact of COVID-19 has been mentioned in the aspect of the inability to perform contracts that have the potential to trigger default or force majeure provisions leading to litigation or reconciliation. In addition, the participants also acknowledged the health impact of COVID-19 in causing anxiety, suffering from illness, loneliness, depression, and causing death, among others. If not properly addressed through effective measures and policy, the impact of the COVID-19 on the legal, economic, and health spheres would have severe consequences. Therefore, it is recommended that all the stakeholders, especially the government of Saudi Arabia should effectively and efficiently address the legal, economic, and health impacts of COVID-19. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-01 Full Text: PDF
INTERSTITIAL RENAL NECROSIS SYNDROM OF CALVES
Authors: Al-Sultan I.I. , Youkhana S.O. , Ismail H.K. 
Published: December 2021

Interstitial renal necrosis syndrom (IRNS) was diagnosed in calves sloughtered in Mosul sloughter house. Gross and microscopical picture of 33 affected animals were described. The lesions were identified according topathomorpholgy of tissue reaction. Two patterns of tissue rections were observed. The lesions of the first pattern showed grossly an oval, greyish white translucent nodules on the surface of kidney. Microscopically, cells like lymphocytes and few plasma cells were aggregated in the interstitial tissue. The lesions of the second pattern comprised grossly a milliary yellowish-white nodules on the surface of the kidney and on cut sectionforming extention in the depth of the renal cortex. Microscopically, the infiltrated cells were mainly neutrophils, macrophages and few lymphocytes, the possible causes of this syndrom was discussed.
“Mountain of Tongues”
The Languages of the Caucasus in Arabic-Islamic Sources
Authors: Danylenko Andrii 
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the linguistic diversity of the Caucasus as reflected in the writing of Arab-Muslim geographers and historians. Dealing with the locus classicus jabal al-alsun ‘mountain of tongues’ in the output of Arab-Muslim authors, the author juxtaposes the current state of the study of Caucasus polyglossia with the description of the jumble of languages in the works of Ibn al-Faqīh, al-Mas‘ūdī, Abū al-Fidā’, al-Muhallabī and other authors. Outlining some parallels in Graeco-Roman historians, the author concludes that the diversity of languages spoken in the Caucasus as described by Arab-Muslim geographers appears to be in concord with the degree of the linguistic diversity as conceived today in areal-typological studies.
Factors Influencing Organizational Performance in Hotel Sector of Nepal
Authors: Chalise Dhan Raj 
Published: December 2021

The present study is designed to identify the factors influencing organizational performance based on native research work carried out through field study. Adopting descriptive cum analytical research design, this study is based on primary data obtained from the hotels located inside the Kathmandu valley of Nepal through the use of a five-point Likert-type questionnaire. With the help of the random sampling technique, 130 employees working in 23 hotels in the position of executive, managerial and officer’s level are taken as sample respondents. Four different variables affecting hotels' performance i.e., qualification, training and experience, administrative efficiency and location are taken as the independent variables and organizational performance as the dependent variable. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used in this study. All the variables obtained Cronbach alpha value greater than .65, which shows the consistency on items taken for the study. The correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between organization performance and performance factors in the Nepalese hotel sector. Moreover, the regression analysis indicated that qualification of the employee, administrative efficiency of hotel management and training and experience provided to the employee are found strong predictors of organizational performance but the location factor was not found the determinant of organization performance in the Nepalese hotel sector. This study can further expand by adopting other variables affecting organizational performance in the hospitality sectors of Nepal.
The Enforcement of Environmental Damages Judgement as a Basis for Piercing the Corporate Veil within a Corporate Group
Authors: Tomczak Tomasz 
Published: December 2021

The present article, on the basis of the high-profile Chevron case, rethinks the principle of corporate veil within a corporate group. It tries to convince the reader that a plaintiff holding an environmental damages judgement should be able to enforce it against any company in the corporate group of defendant regardless of the fact that such company was not a defendant in the underlying action (the new test). To attain this goal, firstly, the basic notions as an “environmental damages judgement,” a “corporate group,” and “the corporate veil” are explained. The article then elaborates on the importance of the corporate veil principle. Furthermore, it describes what would currently constitute a potential ground for piercing of the corporate veil in Canada. Later on, it provides a three-level justification for why the veil, in the described circumstances, should be pierced. Finally, the new test regarding piercing the corporate veil is proposed.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EVAPORATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF A SESSILE DROP OF AMMONIUM SULFATE SOLUTION ON A SMOOTH HEATED SURFACE.
Authors: Hotskyi Ya.H. , Ivanitsky G.K. , Stepaniuk A. R. 
Published: December 2021

Creation of new composite granular fertilizers with layered structure, which are formed due to the layered mechanism of granulation in the granulator of the fluidized bed is an urgent task. The process of forming these granules is achieved due to the layered granulation mechanism, the basis of which is the formation of a layer of solids on the surface of the granules by mass crystallization.
In the production of granular fertilizers based on ammonium sulfate with the addition of organic and inorganic impurities an important place is occupied by the processes of evaporation and mass crystallization, which determine the morphological properties of the obtained granular material.
During the experimental study of the evaporation process, it was found that the process consists of three main evaporation periods: the heating period from the initial temperature to equilibrium, the period of equilibrium evaporation and the decreasing drying rate period with crust formation, during which a solid crystal structure is formed. The beginning of each period according to the example of drying droplets in a gas stream during spray drying is described by the nature of the change in droplet temperature.
This paper presents the obtained thermograms of the process of evaporation of droplets with a diameter of 3–7 mm 40%, 50% and 60% aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate with the addition of a mixture of bone meal. The evaporation of 40%, 50% and 60% solutions of ammonium sulfate with the addition of a mixture of bone meal, with a given ratio of AS: BM on a dry residue of 60:40 and 80:20 on a surface temperature of 95°C in the second evaporation period crystalline nuclei appear, and the concentration of solute is close to saturated and almost unchanged, so that the evaporation rate and temperature of the drop, as can be seen from the thermogram, remain constant temperature for all solutions of ammonium sulfate. Increasing the content of bone meal from 8 to 24% to shift the wet thermometer in the kinetics of the evaporation process.
The paper also presents the results of morphological analysis of the obtained solid crystallized drops of ammonium sulfate with impurities of bone meal. It was found that the solid crystallized drop of ammonium sulfate with bone meal consists of a framework of microcrystals of ammonium sulfate, with a reduced size of 10 to 80 μm, bone meal in the form of inclusions is placed in the frame, the particle size of bone meal varies up to 100 μm, indicating that the solution is a suspension.