bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konzepte zu Diagnose, Verlaufs- und Sturzrisikobeurteilung bei neurologischen Gangstörungen
Authors: Wuehr Max , Jooshani Nima , Schniepp Roman 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie quantitative Ganganalyse findet zunehmend Einsatz bei der Diagnose, Verlaufsbeurteilung und Risikostratifizierung von neurologischen Gangstörungen. Dabei bleibt oft unklar, welche Messtechnik, Untersuchungsbedingungen und Gangmerkmale geeignet sind, um bestimmte klinische Fragestellungen zu beantworten. Ziel dieses Überblicksartikels ist es, allgemein anwendbare Konzepte und Strategien für die Testung, Analyse und Interpretation der Gangfunktion im klinischen Kontext vorzustellen und ihre Anwendung nah an der klinischen Praxis zu illustrieren. Der erste Abschnitt des Artikels gibt einen Überblick über derzeit verfügbare stationäre und mobile Messtechnologien, die eine Testung von Gang im klinischen Bereich und eine kontinuierliche Erfassung von Mobilität im Alltag der Patienten ermöglichen. Zudem werden Strategien zur Auswahl geeigneter Untersuchungsprotokolle diskutiert und Konzepte vorgestellt, die die Parametrisierung von Gang vereinfachen. Die anschließenden Abschnitte widmen sich konkreten klinischen Anwendungsfeldern der quantitativen Ganganalyse: Anhand von Fallbeispielen aus der aktuellen Studienliteratur wird dargestellt, (1) wie spezifische Muster des Gangbefunds Orientierungspunkte für die Differenzialdiagnose bieten und (2) wie quantitative Gangmerkmale die Früherkennung, Verlaufsbeurteilung und das Therapiemonitoring bei neurologischen Gangstörungen unterstützen können. Abschließend wird (3) der Beitrag von stationärer Gangtestung und mobiler Mobilitätserfassung für die Sturzrisikoprognose bei Patienten mit neurologischen Gangstörungen diskutiert.
COVID-19 Pandemic—What Should Not Be Forgotten
Authors: Koechlin Luca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Swiss Society of Cardiac Surgery (SGHC) has announced a “Special Swiss Young Cardiac Surgeon Award 2020,” with the aim to learn more about the consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for young Swiss cardiac surgeons. Therefore, the overall goal of this article is to highlight the personal situation and perspective of a young Swiss cardiac surgeon in training during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article reflects the personal opinion of a young Swiss cardiac surgeon discussing the impact of the pandemic for young surgeons in training and potential chances and learning effects.
Comparison of Simulation-Based versus Cadaveric-Tissue-Based Ocular Trauma Training on Novice Ophthalmologists: Repair of Corneal Laceration Model
Authors: Purt Boonkit , Ducey Timothy , Sykes Sean , Pasternak Joseph F. , Ryan Denise S. , Sia Rose K. , Colyer Marcus H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the simulated tissue models may be used in place of animal-based model for corneal laceration repair for surgical skills acquisition.
Design Prospective randomized controlled trial.
Participants Seventy-nine military and civilian 2nd- and 3rd-year ophthalmology residents and 16 staff ophthalmologists participating in the Tri-Service Ocular Trauma Skills Laboratory at the Uniformed Services University (Bethesda, MD).
Methods Resident ophthalmologists underwent preliminary evaluation of their ability to close a 5-mm linear, full-thickness corneal laceration involving the visual axis. They then were randomized to undergo 90 to 120 minutes of either simulator-based (SIM) or swine cadaveric-tissue-based (CADAVER) corneal laceration repair. The same evaluation was performed post training. On a more limited basis, the study was repeated for attending ophthalmologists to act as a pilot for future analysis and test efficacy for “refresher” training.
Main Outcome Measures Successful wound closure with secondary outcomes of suture length, tension, depth, and orientation, as graded by attending ophthalmologists.
Results No significant difference in CADAVER versus SIM groups in the primary outcome of watertight wound closure of the corneal laceration. CADAVER group performed better than SIM group for certain metrics (suture depth, p = 0.009; length, p = 0.003; and tension, p = 0.043) that are associated with poor wound closure and increased amount of induced corneal astigmatism. For attending ophthalmologists, six of the eight in each group (SIM and CADAVER) retained or improved their skills.
Conclusions For resident ophthalmologists, SIM training is sufficient for achieving the primary outcome of watertight wound closure. However, CADAVER training is superior for wound metrics for the ideal closure. For attending ophthalmologists, SIM training may be useful for retention of skills.
Local and Regional Blocks for Complex Facial Wound Repair
Authors: Obokhare Joy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe location, severity, and associated injuries of the head and neck trauma dictate the type and treatment location needed for that particular patient. An in-depth knowledge of local and regional block options is vital to the proper management of facial wounds at the bedside, decreasing need for general anesthesia, anesthesia-related complication, length of hospital stay, and overall hospital costs. This article will discuss local and regional block options for the upper-face, midface, and lower face including dentition; complications of local and regional blocks and how to prevent them; and recent advances in local anesthesia. In addition, conscious sedation as an adjunct to local/regional blocks in children or patients with special needs will be discussed.
Reconstruction of the Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Anderson Spencer R. , Pak Kaitlynne Y. , Vincent Aurora G. , Ong Adrian , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe mandibular condyle is an integral structure in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) serving not only as the hinge point for mandibular opening, but also facilitating mandibular growth and contributing to facial aesthetics. Significant compromise of the TMJ can be debilitating functionally, psychologically, and aesthetically. Reconstruction of the mandibular condyle is rarely straightforward. Multiple considerations must be accounted for when preparing for condylar reconstruction such as ensuring eradication of all chronically diseased or infected bone, proving clear oncologic margins following tumor resection, or achieving stability of the surrounding architecture in the setting of a traumatic injury. Today, there is not one single gold-standard reconstructive method or material; ongoing investigation and innovation continue to improve and transform condylar reconstruction. Herein, we review methods of condylar reconstruction focusing on autologous and alloplastic materials, surgical techniques, and recent technological advances.
Drawing Reproducible Conclusions from Observational Clinical Data with OHDSI
Authors: Hripcsak George , Schuemie Martijn J. , Madigan David , Ryan Patrick B. , Suchard Marc A. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The current observational research literature shows extensive publication bias and contradiction. The Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) initiative seeks to improve research reproducibility through open science.Methods: OHDSI has created an international federated data source of electronic health records and administrative claims that covers nearly 10% of the world’s population. Using a common data model with a practical schema and extensive vocabulary mappings, data from around the world follow the identical format. OHDSI’s research methods emphasize reproducibility, with a large-scale approach to addressing confounding using propensity score adjustment with extensive diagnostics; negative and positive control hypotheses to test for residual systematic error; a variety of data sources to assess consistency and generalizability; a completely open approach including protocol, software, models, parameters, and raw results so that studies can be externally verified; and the study of many hypotheses in parallel so that the operating characteristics of the methods can be assessed.Results: OHDSI has already produced findings in areas like hypertension treatment that are being incorporated into practice, and it has produced rigorous studies of COVID-19 that have aided government agencies in their treatment decisions, that have characterized the disease extensively, that have estimated the comparative effects of treatments, and that the predict likelihood of advancing to serious complications.Conclusions: OHDSI practices open science and incorporates a series of methods to address reproducibility. It has produced important results in several areas, including hypertension therapy and COVID-19 research.
Surgical Outcomes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Single-Zone N2 in the Aortopulmonary Zone
Authors: Lee Kanghoon , Jeong Yong Ho , Ryu Jin-Sook , Kim Yong-Il , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Park Seung-Il 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives We evaluate the surgical outcome of clinically single-zone N2 lung cancer limited to aortopulmonary zone (AP zone; lymph node #5 or #6).
Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, in whom mediastinal lymph node metastasis was confined to AP zone.
Results A total of 84 patients who underwent upfront surgery were included in final analysis. Among these patients, pathological nodal outcomes were pN0–1 in 27 patients (32.1%), pN2a in 31 (36.9%), and pN2b in 26 (31.0%). In multivariate analysis, adenocarcinoma (p = 0.005) and staging workup without endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for unexpected pN2b. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 55.9 and 54.4%, respectively. There was no survival difference among patients with pN0–1, pN2a, and pN2b (p = 0.717). In survival analysis, there were no significant risk factors for OS. However, female sex and the ratio of positive lymph nodes to removed lymph nodes were significant risk factors for DFS in multivariate analysis (p = 0.032 and p = 0.009).
Conclusion In this study, cN2a in the AP zone with current diagnostic tool exhibited a relatively high false-positive rate (cN2/pN0–1; 32.1%). However, despite the possibility of pN2b, there were no significant differences in survival outcome according to the pathologic nodal stage.
Reproducibility of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the Postpartum Period
Authors: Ezirim Nkechi , Younes Lena K. , Barrett Joel H. , Kauffman Robert P. , Macleay Katie J. , Newton Scott T. , Tullar Paul 
Published: April 2021

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in the immediate postpartum period, which we defined as between 3 and 24 hours postpartum for the purpose of this research. This is such that if it can predict scores obtained at the postpartum visit, it will be an opportunity to access psychiatric services for the patient that may otherwise be more difficult to access in the outpatient setting.
Study Design Longitudinal observational study, which included an analysis of 848 consecutive participants screened with the EPDS in the hospital and at the 6-week postpartum visit.
Results Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested >3 at delivery as a more optimal score to predict depression at the postpartum visit with sensitivity 76.5% and specificity 65.9%. The commonly accepted EPDS cut-off value of >9 was far less sensitive at 28.8% but reasonably specific at 93.2% for predicting elevated scores (>9) 6 weeks postpartum. In subgroup analysis, only a prior mental health disorder was found to be predictive of elevated scores at the postpartum visit (relative risk: 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–3.32, p = 0.01).
Conclusion The EPDS, originally designed to screen for postpartum depression (PPD) in the outpatient setting, does not predict the development of PPD, as determined by the EPDS (validated at the 6-week postpartum time interval) when administered during hospitalization shortly after delivery.
Key Points
Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters Provide Safe and Easy Central Venous Access in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sato Ryosuke , Kumai Takumi , Hayashi Ryusuke , Komatsuda Hiroki , Kishibe Kan , Takahara Miki , Katada Akihiro , Hayashi Tatsuya , Harabuchi Yasuaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose The use of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) has increased recently; several reports have revealed that they can be easily and safely used in patients with various diseases. However, there are few reports on the use of PICCs in patients with head and neck cancer. This study was aimed at evaluating the safety and feasibility of use of PICCs in patients with head and neck cancer.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the date of 118 PICC insertions in 85 patients with head and neck cancer from January 2014 to December 2017. The PICCs have been placed under ultrasound guidance in all cases.
Results The PICC puncture success rate was 95.2%. Catheter-related bloodstream infection occurred in four cases. The most common complication necessitating PICC removal was suspected catheter-related bloodstream infection (24 cases). All cases with confirmed and suspected catheter-related bloodstream infection improved with administration of antimicrobial agents. Phlebitis occurred in five cases, in all of whom the PICC placement had been made via an antecubital vein; the condition improved without treatment in all five cases. Deep vein thrombosis occurred in two cases, both of which improved with oral anticoagulant therapy.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that the complications associated with ultrasound-guided PICC insertion are manageable, and improve with conservative treatment in the majority of cases. Therefore, use of PICCs may be considered for easy and safe central venous access in patients with head and neck cancer, because the insertion success rate was acceptable.
Direct validation of dune instability theory
Authors: Lü Ping , Narteau Clément , Dong Zhibao , Claudin Philippe , Rodriguez Sébastien , An Zhishan , Fernandez-Cascales Laura , Gadal Cyril , Courrech du Pont Sylvain 
Published: April 2021

SignificanceWe report a landscape-scale experiment with controlled initial and boundary conditions to reveal incipient dune growth under natural action of wind. We measured growth rate of dunes of different wavelengths for 42 mo in a desert plot of 7,500m2. We identify an early phase in which a clear maximum growth rate occurs for a 15-m dune spacing. Successful comparison with dune instability theory allows us to quantify the size-selection mechanism leading to the emergence of periodic dune patterns, which can be directly related to flow and sand transport properties. An experiment of this type and scale is unprecedented. Its results boost confidence in the existing theory, confirming its application to a variety of planetary landscapes from repeated aerial/orbital imagery.
Structural basis for backtracking by the SARS-CoV-2 replication–transcription complex
Authors: Malone Brandon , Chen James , Wang Qi , Llewellyn Eliza , Choi Young Joo , Olinares Paul Dominic B. , Cao Xinyun , Hernandez Carolina , Eng Edward T. , Chait Brian T. , Shaw David E. , Landick Robert , Darst Seth A. , Campbell Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2021

Significance
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 genome is replicated and transcribed by its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the target for antivirals such as remdesivir. We use a combination of approaches to show that backtracking (backward motion of the RdRp on the template RNA) is a feature of SARS-CoV-2 replication/transcription. Backtracking may play a critical role in proofreading, a crucial process for SARS-CoV-2 resistance against many antivirals.
Production de tilapia marin en circuit ferme en eau verte: le Système Aquacole à Recyclage Integral (SARI).
Authors: Wilde Nicolas de , Gilles Sylvain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Integral Recycling Aquaculture System (SARI) is an artificial ecosystem that combines closed-circuit farming of marine tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii with plankton lagooning in brackish water. Compared to conventional closed circuits in clear water, it provides significant advantages in terms of fresh water and energy savings, as well as in terms of health by limiting the introduction of pathogens. A prototype of the SARI located at the IRD Center in Mbour, Senegal, has made it possible to study the functioning of this breeding system. The tilapia S. m. heudelotii, when raised in intensive or semi-intensive mode, promotes the production of the green algae Chlorella sp. which purifies the environment of nitrogenous waste produced by fish. The algal population is regulated by the production of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, which itself serves as a complementary feed for the fry in rearing.
Production of marine tilapia in a green-water, closed system in Senegal: the integrated recycling aquaculture system.
Authors: de Wilde Nicolas , Gilles Sylvain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Integrated Recycling Aquaculture System (Système Aquacole à Recyclage Intégral, or SARI) is a photosynthetic suspended growth system that combines rearing of euryhaline tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii) with a recirculating brackish planktonic wastewater treatment. Compared with classical clear-water closed recirculating systems, it brings important advantages in terms of fresh water and energy savings, and biosecurity, by limiting invasion and growth of pathogens. A prototype of SARI was installed and studied at the IRD Centre at Mbour, Senegal. When reared in intensive or semi-intensive conditions, S. melanotheron heudelotii enhances production of green algae, Chlorella spp., which reduce the water levels of ammonia from fish excretion. The algae population is controlled by the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, which is also fed to reared fingerlings.
Case study on the National Aquaculture Strategic Plan in Malawi.
Authors: Banda Lisungu E. , Kang'ombe Jeremiah , Kaunda Emmanuel K. W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This case study provides an analysis of the implementation of the National Aquaculture Strategic Plan (NASP) for Malawi. The NASP is a strategic document for aquaculture development in Malawi that was created in response to a request from the Government of Malawi (GoM) to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to conduct a Master Plan Study on Aquaculture Development. The NASP was set to improve aquaculture development from 2005 to 2015. The aquaculture sector plays a significant role as a source of food, income and employment to Malawi's population. It is estimated that the sector provides about 2% of the nation's fish production and, among fish farming households, to contribute up to 17% of household income, depending on fish farming activities. Fish from both aquaculture and capture fisheries contribute about 4% to the country's GDP and provide almost 70% of animal protein and 40% of total protein thereby contributing to the country's food security and livelihood strategies. The purpose of the case study was to provide a clear understanding of the existing state of the NASP. The case study involves a number of stakeholders that were chosen randomly from the NASP document as partners in its implementation. The study analyses the progress of the NASP implementation by looking at whether the implementation structure was functioning, it also assessed the knowledge of the stakeholders on the document, the linkage of the stakeholders, the coordination among stakeholders and developments in fish production through aquaculture. The results show that the institutional structures that were proposed to implement and monitor all the NASP strategies and activities have not been formed. This has led to lack of knowledge of the document by some stakeholders. Poor coordination and networking among the stakeholders has also led to the failure of the strategic plan. The case study concludes that there is an urgent need for the formulation of a separate institutional structure to look into aquaculture development in Malawi with the help of the Departement of Fisheries (DoF) and all the stakeholders so as to help review and process the NASP action plans if quantitative progress is to be achieved.
Development of seaweed cultivation in Tanzania: the role of the University of Dar es Salaam and other institutions.
Authors: Msuya Flower E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Seaweed farming in Tanzania was initiated through research by a University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) professor in the 1970s and early 1980's. This was followed by commercial cultivation, which was started by private entrepreneurs in 1989. By 1996 seaweed was being farmed all along the coast of Tanzania. Production in 2008 was 6000-7000 tonnes annually, with Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii as the main cultivated species. Tanzanian seaweed is exported mainly to the USA, France, Denmark, and Spain. While UDSM continues to play a big role in this industry through research and development working with coastal communities, the government and other institutions also play a big role in not only research and development but also uniting farmers and exporters, and providing extension service. This case study looks at the start and running of the seaweed farming industry and the role of the UDSM and other institutions on the development of seaweed farming in Tanzania.
History and development of shellfish cultivation in Walvis Bay, Namibia.
Authors: Mapfumo Blessing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Namibia is one of the countries in Africa with a favourable natural environment for mariculture operations, particularly shellfish production. The nutrient-rich Benguela upwelling system of the Atlantic Ocean gives the Namibian coast a competitive advantage over other worldwide producers of shellfish, especially, oysters, mussels, abalone, scallops and others. Walvis Bay is Namibia 's biggest harbour town on the western Atlantic coast, where a well established commercial fisheries industry exists along side the country's largest mariculture centre. Other centres of mariculture production include Luderitz, (another fishing town on the southernmost part of the coastline), Swakopmund (30 km from Walvis Bay) and Henties Bay (100 km from Walvis Bay). Shellfish production in Walvis Bay is principally oyster farming and the species produced are the Pacific Oyster (Crassotrea gigas) and the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). These have been described as the best oysters in the world due to their exceptional taste and favourable meat-to-shell ratio (Hempel, 2006) and Namibia was ranked amongst the top 20 world leading exporters of oysters (FAO FishSTAT Commodities and Trade, 2006). However, production in 2008 significantly declined due to unexpected harmful algal blooms, the so called red tide phenomenon that resulted in the death of over 75% of all farmed oyster stock. Farmers are currently recuperating from this catastrophe. Besides oysters, mariculture production of other shellfish species in Walvis Bay is negligible but includes the Black mussel (Choromytilus meridionalis), the indigenous clams (Venerupis spp), indigenous scallops (Pecten spp). Cultivation of other shellfish such as abalone (Haliotis midae) and finfish such as Cobia (Rachycentron canadum), dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus) and turbot (Psetta maxima) is still being investigated. So far, the mariculture of shellfish in Walvis Bay is believed to have created over 120 jobs, both directly and indirectly.