bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Diluted Red Sea Water on Growth Behavior and Chemical Component of Moringa Plants
Authors: Metwally Sami A. , Ezzo M. I. , Leila Bedour H. Abou , Abdalla Aboelfetoh M. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Moringa tree is a drought resistance tree, fast-growing, Moringa leaves, flowers and pods are a food source for human and animals. It is a rich source of calcium, iron and a good source of vitamins, B, A, C, amino acids. Shortage of water resources for irrigation especially in reclaimed soil considered is one of the great problems to cultivate traditional crops. Thus, nowadays the use of the non-traditional source of water, such as saline water is very important.
Results: The obtained data recorded that the lowest level of salinity (4000 ppm) decreased plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaves, the stem fresh and dry weight, stem diameter recorded decreased. Increasing salinity levels up to 16000 ppm high reduction was registered in the previously mentioned parameters except for leaves number. The interaction between salinity and proline concentration exhibited in most cases reduction in total chlorophyll. Carbohydrate content, protein, nitrogen%, calcium%, recorded reduction in most cases under saline condition and their interaction with proline. While, Sodium %, Cl- percentage and proline content recorded increments in most cases under the previously mentioned circumstances.
Conclusion: The results were nearly ascending order with increasing of salinity level. Increasing salinity to 16000 ppm decreased significantly the values of vegetative growth and almost all cases of chemicals constituents were reduced.
Assessment of Daily Burden and Factors for Overcrowded Emergency Department at Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi
Authors: Faridi Arsala , Ahmad Farah , Zehra Areej , Fazal Afreen 
Published: May 2021

Background: When in emergency room there is no enough area left to serve or to admit the subsequent sick patients who may require urgent attention and observation the setting is called as the overcrowded emergency room. Due to overcrowded emergency department the quality of services provided by the staff and doctors is compromised ultimately patients with severe diseases are ignored and this may be one of the causes for causalities.
Objective: To assess the daily burden and factors responsible for overcrowding at emergency department of tertiary care hospital of Karachi.
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted at tertiary care hospital of Karachi from October 2020 to January 2021. Data of patients coming to adult emergency department of either gender were collected. Patients age <14 were excluded as these were referred to pediatric emergency department. Data collection was done according to Canadian emergency department triage and acuity scale (CTAS).
Results: Total number (N) of patients who visited emergency department in study duration was 13434. The mean number of patients who visited ED was 141±13during our study duration. There was no any significant difference in presenting complaint. Delay in investigations was found to be a reason of prolong stay and overcrowding in ED in our setting.
Conclusion: Overcrowding of patients in our ED of our setting was a common problem. The number of staff, doctors and beds were not matching the number of patient flow in the department. The main reason of prolong stay in ED was delay in investigations.
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary pH with Honey and Vinegar Mouth Rinse in Diabetic and Healthy Adults
Authors: Ali Akhtar , Farooq Lubna , Mahmood Anum , Ahmed Shaikh Nadeem , Ahmed Asif , Mujahid Sumreen 
Published: May 2021

Background: Salivary fluid creates a particular environment of oral cavity that helps in mastication, lubrication of food and mucosa and in speech. Intake of food and different liquids (drinks, juices, milk) causes modulation in pH of saliva that lead to change in the environment of oral cavity. The pH of saliva decreases to acidic side when bacteria breakdown the carbohydrates and start releasing acids, these acids damage the structure of tooth and leads to cavity formation i.e. dental caries.
Objective: The current study is aimed to evaluate the salivary pH of diabetic and healthy individual before and after using honey and vinegar mouth rinses.
Methods: It was a pre-clinical experimental study conducted in dental OPD of Baqai medical college Karachi from 1st January to 15th February. The calculated sample size N=80 was divided in 4 groups, Group A, n=20 healthy participants who rinsed with honey mouth rinse, Group B n=20 diabetics patients who rinsed with honey mouth rinse. Similarly, Group C, n=20 healthy participants who rinsed with vinegar mouth rinse and Group D, n=20 diabetic patients who rinsed with vinegar mouth rinse. 2 ml of saliva was collected by asking the participants to collect it in the floor of the mouth and swallowing for one minute was prohibited and after that they were asked to expectorate it into the sterile container. Then they were given the mouth rinse according to group distribution and after rinsing they were asked to wait for half an hour after that saliva was again collected from same participant to identify the rinse induced change in pH of oral cavity.
Results: There was no any significant change in healthy participants of either group however in diabetic individuals significant change was observed by honey mouth rinse (p-value = 0.033) followed by vinegar mouth rinse (p-value = 0.043).
Conclusion: Honey and vinegar mouth rinses are effective in maintaining the salivary pH in diabetic individuals.
Phytochemical Evaluation and Antimicrobial Potential Assessment of Some Spices on Selected Pathogenic Microorganisms in Alex Ekwueme Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: Okata-Nwali D. O. , Uzoh C. V. , Okeh C. O. , Ugwu B. , Owolabi O. J. , Isirue A. M. C , Egwu-Ikechukwu M. M. 
Published: May 2021

The antibacterial activity of Monodora myristica, Xylopia aethiopica, Piper guineense, Tetrapleura tetraptera against selected human pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus mutans were ascertained using standard microbiological procedures. The herbaceous plants were sun dried and ground into powdery form. Fifty grams (50 g) each of the herbaceous plants were submerged into three (3) different extraction solvents (Ethanol, Methanol and Aqueous) in a conical flask, the flask were shaken intermittently for 24 hours. The herbaceous plants were sieved using whatman number one filter paper. The sieved extracts were allowed to air dry and the dried extracts were stored in a sterile sample bottle in the refrigerator until use. Agar well diffusion technique was used to determine the antibacterial activity/efficacy of the herbaceous plants. The antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica were determined. The result showed that aqueous extract had antimicrobial activity against all the test bacteria, ethanol extract had activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, but showed no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella typhi. Methanol extract had activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Aqueous extract had activity similar to that of ethanol and methanol except that Streptococcus mutans which showed resistance to ethanol and methanol extracts was susceptible to aqueous extracts. Phytochemical analysis conducted shows that the herbaceous plant extracts contains substances such as alkaloids, saponin, tannin, flavonoid and phenol. The result obtained from this study revealed that these herbaceous extracts possess bioactive substances which had antibacterial activity on the test bacterial used in the study. Ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of Azadiractha Indica, Monodora myristica, Xylopia aethiopica, piper guineense, and Tetrapleura tetraptera had a remarkable activity against Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and Klebsiella pneumonia while Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella typhi were resistant to both ethanol and methanol extracts. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies should be carried out to identify the active constituents responsible for their antibacterial activity.
Contributions of integrated community therapy in health promotion: integrative review / Contribuições da terapia comunitária integrativa na promoção da saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Brito da Silva Bianca Aparecida , Pereira Fernanda Andrade dos Reis , Oliveira Laís Fraga Alves de , Lara Sílvia Helena de Oliveira , Bressan Vânia Regina , Goyatá Sueli Leiko Takamatsu 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas sobre as contribuições da Terapia Comunitária Integrativa na promoção da saúde da população e em estudantes universitários. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca foi realizada entre 2009 a 2018 nas bases de dados Pubmed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS e SCIELO. Os artigos incluídos foram submetidos à classificação do nível de evidência e à análise temática. Resultados: Foram identificados 191 artigos. Desses, 16 compuseram o corpus da revisão e envolveram as seguintes categorias temáticas: representação social e recursos culturais na TCI; contribuições da TCI na constituição de redes de apoio, empoderamento individual e enfrentamento do sofrimento emocional e TCI na promoção da saúde em estudantes universitários. Conclusão: A TCI proporciona significativas contribuições como instrumento terapêutico na promoção da saúde em diferentes contextos culturais e sociais, contudo, nota-se que há escassez de pesquisas voltadas para estudantes universitários, o que aponta a necessidade de novos estudos.
Ultrafast Charging and Stable Cycling Dual‐Ion Batteries Enabled via an Artificial Cathode–Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhang Yanjun , Wang Shuo , Dong Shuyu , Dang Chaoqun , Hu Weichen , Yu Denis Y. W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLow‐cost and environment‐friendly dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) with fast‐charging characteristics facilitate the development of high‐power energy storage devices. However, the incompatibility between the cathode and electrolyte at high voltage results in low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and short lifespan. Here, the addition of ≈0.5 wt% lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate salt into the electrolyte forms a robust and durable cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) in situ on the graphite surface, which enables remarkable cycling of the graphite||Li battery with 87.5% capacity retention after 4000 cycles at 5 C and ultrafast rate capability with 88.8% capacity retention under 40 C (4 A g−1), delivering high‐power of 0.4–18.8 kW kg−1 at energy densities of 422.7–318.8 Wh kg−1. Taking advantage of this robust CEI, a graphite||graphite full battery demonstrates high reversible capacities of 97.6, 92.8, 88.7, and 85.4 mAh (g cathode)−1 at current rates of 10, 20, 30, and 40 C, respectively. The full battery also shows a long cycling life of over 6500 cycles with 92.4% capacity retention and an average CE of ≈99.4% at 1 A g−1, which is superior to other dual‐graphite (carbon) batteries in the literature. This work offers an effective interface‐stabilizing strategy on protecting graphite cathodes and a promising approach for developing DIBs with high‐power capability.
Orientational Ordering within Semiconducting Polymer Fibrils
Authors: Mukherjee Subhrangsu , Gann Eliot , Nahid Masrur Morshed , McAfee Terry , Herzing Andrew A. , DeLongchamp Dean M. , Ade Harald 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to a general paucity of suitable characterization methods, the internal orientational ordering of polymer fibrils has rarely been measured despite its importance particularly for semi‐conducting polymers. An emerging tool with sensitivity to bond orientation is polarized resonant soft X‐ray scattering (P‐RSoXS). Here, P‐RSoXS reveals the molecular arrangement within fibrils (if type I or type II fibrils), the extent of orientation in the fibril crystal, and an explicit crystal‐amorphous interphase. Neat films as well as binary blends with a fullerene derivative are characterized for three different polymers, that are prototypical materials widely used in organic electronics applications. Anisotropic P‐RSoXS patterns reveal two different fibril types. Analysis of the q‐dependence of the anisotropy from simulated and experimental scattering patterns reveal that neat polymer fibrillar systems likely comprise more than two phases, with the third phase in addition to crystal and amorphous likely being an interphase with distinct density and orientation. Intriguingly, the fibril type correlates to the H‐ or J‐aggregation signature in ultraviolet‐visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, revealing insight into the fibril formation. Together, the results will open the door to develop more sophisticated structure‐function relationships between chemical design, fibril type, formation pathways and kinetics, interfacial ordering, and eventually device functions.
Design of Chemically Stable Organic Perovskite Quantum Dots for Micropatterned Light‐Emitting Diodes through Kinetic Control of a Cross‐Linkable Ligand System
Authors: Lee Hanleem , Jeong Ji Won , So Mo Geun , Jung Gun Young , Lee Chang‐Lyoul 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerovskite quantum dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are ideal for next‐generation display applications because of their excellent color purity, high efficiency, and cost‐effective fabrication. However, developing a technology for high‐resolution multicolor patterning of perovskite QDs remains challenging, owing to the chemical instability of these materials. To overcome these issues, in this work, the generation of surface defects is prevented by controlling the ligand‐binding kinetics using a stable ligand system (Stable LS). The crystalline reconstruction of perovskite QDs after addition of the Stable LS results in an ≈18% increase in their photoluminescence quantum yield in solution and it also improves the ambient stability of the perovskite QD solution. Moreover, the perovskite QDs with Stable LS can undergo cross‐linking under UV irradiation. The tightly bridged perovskite QDs effectively prevent moisture‐assisted ligand dissociation in film state due to the increased hydrophobicity and restricted movement of the cross‐linked surface ligands. Thus, the cross‐linked perovskite QD film shows improved chemical/environmental stability without substantial deterioration in optoelectrical properties. As a result, a white electroluminescent device with high resolution (≈1 μm) is successfully fabricated by inkjet printing using green and red perovskite QDs.
Rapid Nitriding of Titanium Alloy with Fine Grains at Room Temperature
Authors: Fujita Keisuke , Ijiri Masataka , Inoue Yoichi , Kikuchi Shoichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultifunctional surfaces are required to design safe engineering products for human lives. Heating in a nitrogen atmosphere (nitriding) improves the tribological properties but reduces the strength of titanium (Ti) alloys owing to grain coarsening. A rapid nitriding method for Ti alloys forms the nitrided layer on the surface of a Ti alloy by bombarding with commercially pure Ti fine particles with a nitrided phase at room temperature within a short period. Furthermore, fine grains of Ti alloy are formed in the nitrided layer because of the impact of the Ti particles. These results reveal that this room‐temperature method resolves the trade‐off between the rapid formation of a nitrided layer and the suppression of grain coarsening for Ti alloys.
Review of Sorted Metallic Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ko Jaehyoung , Joo Yongho 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the development of sorting techniques for single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), devices where unsorted SWCNTs are applied have been increasingly replaced with electronically enriched SWCNTs to improve device performance. While remarkable success has been achieved in areas where enriched SWCNTs have been applied including conductive coatings, photovoltaics, lithium‐ion batteries, thermoelectrics, and electromagnetic interference shields, comprehensive reviews that highlight the impact of electronic monodispersity on device performance as compared with that of the unsorted SWCNTs is lacking. Also, the majority of studies on sorted SWCNTs have focused on semiconducting SWCNTs (s‐SWCNTs) owing to their diameter‐dependent bandgaps and their characteristic semiconducting nature. In stark contrast, research on metallic SWCNTs (m‐SWCNTs) has been largely disregarded despite their enormous potential for application in future electronics owing to their exceptional electrical properties and unique 1D metallic characteristics that are complementary to those of s‐SWCNTs. Thus, it is important to provide a comprehensive summary that highlights the role of m‐SWCNTs in areas that are applied and discussed in the literature. In this regard, a comprehensive review of research on m‐SWCNTs conducted in the past decade after the emergence of the sorting techniques is presented to summarize their purification, alignment, and implementation in different applications.
Ultrabright and Highly Efficient All‐Inorganic Zero‐Dimensional Perovskite Scintillators
Authors: Cheng Shuangliang , Nikl Martin , Beitlerova Alena , Kucerkova Romana , Du Xinyuan , Niu Guangda , Jia Yongchao , Tang Jiang , Ren Guohao , Wu Yuntao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLow‐dimensional halide perovskites with excellent luminescent properties have become leading candidates for optoelectronic and radiation‐detection applications. In this work, Tl cation is incorporated into 0D perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 host and an ultrabright and efficient scintillator is developed for X‐ray and γ‐ray detection. The Tl‐doped Cs3Cu2I5 crystals exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 79.2%. The radioluminescence emission of Cs3Cu2I5:Tl crystal under X‐ray excitation consists of a self‐trapped exciton emission at 440 nm and a Tl‐related emission at 510 nm at room temperature. With optimized Tl doping, the Cs3Cu2I5 not only demonstrates about five‐times enhanced steady‐state scintillation yield up to 150 000 photons/MeV and an improvement of X‐ray detection limit from 103.6 to 66.3 nGy s−1, but also maintains an extremely low afterglow of 0.17% at 10 ms after X‐ray cut‐off. The Cs3Cu2I5:Tl also possess a remarkable energy resolution of 3.4% at 662 keV and an ultrahigh light yield of 87 000 photons/MeV under 137Cs γ‐ray radiation.
A Self‐Healing Crease‐Free Supramolecular All‐Polymer Supercapacitor
Authors: Mo Funian , Li Qing , Liang Guojin , Zhao Yuwei , Wang Donghong , Huang Yan , Wei Jun , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile traditional three‐layer structure supercapacitors are under mechanical manipulations, the high‐stress region concentrates, inevitably causing persistent structural problems including interlayer slippage, crease formation, and delamination of the electrode–electrolyte interface. Toward this, an all‐polymeric, all‐elastic and non‐laminated supercapacitor with high mechanical reliability and excellent electrochemical performance is developed. Specifically, a polypyrrole electrode layer is in situ integrated into a silk fibroin‐based elastic supramolecular hydrogel film with extensive hydrogen and covalent bonds, where a non‐laminate device is realized with structural elasticity at the device level. The non‐laminate configuration can avoid slippage and delamination, while the elasticity can preclude crease formation. Furthermore, under more severe mechanical damage, the supercapacitors can restore the electrochemical performance through non‐autonomous self‐healing capabilities, where the supramolecular design of host–guest interactions in the hydrogel matrix results in a superior self‐healing efficiency approaching ≈95.8% even after 30 cutting/healing cycles. The all‐elastic supercapacitor delivers an areal capacitance of 0.37 F cm−2 and a volumetric energy density of 0.082 mW h cm−3, which can well‐maintain the specific capacitance even at −20 °C with over 85.2% retention after five cut/healing cycles.
Systematic in silico analysis of clinically tested drugs for reducing amyloid‐beta plaque accumulation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Madrasi Kumpal , Das Raibatak , Mohmmadabdul Hafiz , Lin Lin , Hyman Bradley T. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Albers Mark W. , Rissman Robert A. , Burke John M. , Apgar Joshua F. , Wille Lucia , Gruenbaum Lore , Hua Fei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite strong evidence linking amyloid beta (Aβ) to Alzheimer's disease, most clinical trials have shown no clinical efficacy for reasons that remain unclear. To understand why, we developed a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model for seven therapeutics: aducanumab, crenezumab, solanezumab, bapineuzumab, elenbecestat, verubecestat, and semagacestat.MethodsOrdinary differential equations were used to model the production, transport, and aggregation of Aβ; pharmacology of the drugs; and their impact on plaque.ResultsThe calibrated model predicts that endogenous plaque turnover is slow, with an estimated half‐life of 2.75 years. This is likely why beta‐secretase inhibitors have a smaller effect on plaque reduction. Of the mechanisms tested, the model predicts binding to plaque and inducing antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis is the best approach for plaque reduction.DiscussionA QSP model can provide novel insights to clinical results. Our model explains the results of clinical trials and provides guidance for future therapeutic development.
Multi‐Selenophene‐Containing Narrow Bandgap Polymer Acceptors for All‐Polymer Solar Cells with over 15 % Efficiency and High Reproducibility
Authors: Fan Qunping , Fu Huiting , Wu Qiang , Wu Ziang , Lin Francis , Zhu Zonglong , Min Jie , Woo Han Young , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAll‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) progressed tremendously due to recent advances in polymerized small molecule acceptors (PSMAs), and their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have exceeded 15 %. However, the practical applications of all‐PSCs are still restricted by a lack of PSMAs with a broad absorption, high electron mobility, low energy loss, and good batch‐to‐batch reproducibility. A multi‐selenophene‐containing PSMA, PFY‐3Se, was developed based on a selenophene‐fused SMA framework and a selenophene π‐spacer. Compared to its thiophene analogue PFY‐0Se, PFY‐3Se shows a ≈30 nm red‐shifted absorption, increased electron mobility, and improved intermolecular interaction. In all‐PSCs, PFY‐3Se achieved an impressive PCE of 15.1 % with both high short‐circuit current density of 23.6 mA cm−2 and high fill factor of 0.737, and a low energy loss, which are among the best values in all‐PSCs reported to date and much better than PFY‐0Se (PCE=13.0 %). Notably, PFY‐3Se maintains similarly good batch‐to‐batch properties for realizing reproducible device performance, which is the first reported and also very rare for the PSMAs. Moreover, the PFY‐3Se‐based all‐PSCs show low dependence of PCE on device area (0.045–1.0 cm2) and active layer thickness (110–250 nm), indicating the great potential toward practical applications.