bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mRNA distribution in skeletal muscle is associated with mRNA size
Authors: Pinheiro Helena , Pimentel Mafalda Ramos , Sequeira Catarina , Oliveira Luís Manuel , Pezzarossa Anna , Roman William , Gomes Edgar R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle myofibers are large and elongated cells with multiple and evenly distributed nuclei. Nuclear distribution suggests that each nucleus influences a specific compartment within the myofiber and implies a functional role for nuclear positioning. Compartmentalization of specific mRNAs and proteins has been reported at the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions, but mRNA distribution in non-specialized regions of the myofibers remains largely unexplored. We report that the bulk of mRNAs are enriched around the nucleus of origin and that this perinuclear accumulation depends on recently transcribed mRNAs. Surprisingly, mRNAs encoding large proteins – giant mRNAs – are spread throughout the cell and do not exhibit perinuclear accumulation. Furthermore, by expressing exogenous transcripts with different sizes we found that size contributes to mRNA spreading independently of mRNA sequence. Both these mRNA distribution patterns depend on microtubules and are independent of nuclear dispersion, mRNA expression level and stability, and the characteristics of the encoded protein. Thus, we propose that mRNA distribution in non-specialized regions of skeletal muscle is size selective to ensure cellular compartmentalization and simultaneous long-range distribution of giant mRNAs.
Vein cannulation success rates by German paramedics: a single-centre study
Authors: Naklicka Paulina , Möckel Luis , Hofmann Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Gaining intravenous (IV) access is vulnerable to errors and failure, and this study analysed IV procedures by paramedics in the federal state of Hesse in Germany to examine these. Methods: This was a single-centre, observational, pilot study survey on gaining vascular access. As well as identifying the success and failure rate of IV attempts, factors associated with a higher risk of failure were analysed using logistic regression, Χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 207 vascular access attempts were included in the analysis, of which 90.34% were successful. Significantly associated with higher risk of failure were patients' age (OR 1.05; 95% (CI 1.02–1.10); p=0.041), or when two (OR 3.94; 95% CI (2.39–6.20); p≤0.001) or more than three attempts (OR: 3.26 [95% CI: 1.35; 5.17]; p=0.003) were needed rather than one. In contrast, risk of failure was significantly lower when patients indicate a good (OR 0.02; 95% CI (0.00–0.15); p≤0.001) or moderate (OR 0.04 (95% CI 0.01–0.17); p≤0.001) vein status compared to a bad vein status. Failure rates were higher when paramedics were working a night shift (OR 0.06; 95% CI (0.00–0.98); p=0.005) rather then during the day. Conclusion: A proportion of IV access attempts by paramedics are unsuccessful and, if paramedics are to provide invasive interventions, non-IV options for drug administration should be available.
Forecasting loss of signal in optical networks with machine learning
Authors: Du Wenjie , Côté David , Barber Chris , Liu Yan 
Published: June 2021

Loss of signal (LOS) represents a significant cost for operators of optical networks. By studying large sets of real-world performance monitoring data collected from six international optical networks, we find that it is possible to forecast LOS events with good precision one to seven days before they occur, albeit at relatively low recall, with supervised machine learning (ML). Our study covers 12 facility types, including 100G lines and ETH10G clients. We show that the precision for a given network improves when training on multiple networks simultaneously relative to training on an individual network. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to forecast LOS from all facility types and all networks with a single model, whereas fine-tuning for a particular facility or network brings only modest improvements. Hence our ML models remain effective for optical networks previously unknown to the model, which makes them usable for commercial applications.
Spectrum-shaped Si-perovskite hybrid photodetectors for hyperspectral bioimaging
Authors: Liu Yujin , Ji Zhong , Li Yaping , Fan Hong Jin , Mai Wenjie 
Published: June 2021

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with rich spectral and spatial information holds potential for applications ranging from remote sensing to biomedicine. However, charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors used in conventional HSI systems suffer from inferior and unbalanced responsivity in the visible region, which is not a perfect choice for high-performance visible HSI. That is, conventional Si-based CCDs exhibit poor responsivity at short wavelengths (e.g., 400–600 nm) compared with that at longer wavelengths due to the nature of the indirect bandgap in silicon of around 1.1 eV. To solve this challenge, we introduce a

CsPbBr

3

perovskite layer to shape the spectrum of a Si/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction photodetector (PD), resulting in a fabricated Si-

CsPbBr

3

hybrid PD with enhanced responsivity at 400–600 nm. This results in an approximately flat spectral responsivity curve in the visible region (400–800 nm). Therefore, the stable

Si
−

CsPbBr

3

hybrid PD with a flat spectrum overcomes the shortcomings of traditional Si-based PDs and makes it more suitable for HSI. Further, we set up a first perovskite HSI system with high spectrum resolution and demonstrate potential applications for tumor detection and tissue identification. We believe that this perovskite optimization can be integrated into modern CCD, thus becoming a step in future CCD fabrication processes, which is a milestone for high-performance HSI systems.
Schistosomal appendicitis: Case series and systematic literature review
Authors: Zacarias Mateus , Pizzol Damiano , de Miranda Helder , Colangelo Anna Claudia , Veronese Nicola , Smith Lee 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundGlobally, schistosomiasis affects at least 240 million people each year with a high proportion of cases in sub-Saharan Africa. The infection presents a wide range of symptoms mainly at the gastrointestinal and urogenital level. Cases of schistosomiasis-related appendicitis are seldom reported. The aim of the present study is to identify the prevalence of schistosomiasis-related appendicitis in Beira, Mozambique and compare to global prevalence.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases of appendicitis recorded from January 2017 to March 2020 at a single pathology department located in Beira in order to assess the prevalence of schistosomiasis. Moreover, we performed a systematic review on the prevalence of schistosomiasis-related appendicitis in all countries.FindingsA total of 145 appendicitis cases in Beira showed a 13.1% prevalence of schistosomal-related appendicitis. The mean age of patients was 29.1 years, and 14 (73.7%) were male. The systematic review identified 20 studies with 34,790 inpatients with schistosomiasis-related appendicitis with a global prevalence of 1.31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72 to 2.06); a high heterogeneity (I2= 96.0%) was observed. Studies carried out in Africa reported a significantly higher prevalence of schistosomiasis-related appendicitis (2.75%; 95% CI: 1.28 to 4.68) than those in Middle East (0.49%; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.95) (pfor interaction < 0.0001).ConclusionsSchistosomiasis infection should be considered as possible cause of appendicitis not only in endemic areas but also in developed countries. Considering that prevention is the best way to control the infection, more efforts should be put in place in order to increase the prevention coverage and avoid the cascading implications for health. This is even more so important in this Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) era where the majority of attention and funds are used to fight the pandemic.
Effects of cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary physiology, muscle strength and exercise capacity in a retrospective cohort with 30,000 subjects
Authors: Adatia Adil , Wahab Mustafaa , Shahid Izza , Moinuddin Ali , Killian Kieran J. , Satia Imran 
Published: June 2021

Background
The effects of long-term cigarette smoke exposure on pulmonary physiology and how those effects lead to reduced exercise capacity are not well established.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the spirometry, single-breath gas transfer (DLCO), peripheral muscle strength, and maximum exercise capacity data in patients referred to McMaster University Medical Centre for cardiopulmonary exercise testing between 2000 and 2012.

Results
29,441 subjects underwent CPET and had a recorded smoking history [58% male, mean age 51.1 years (S.D.±19.6), BMI 27.4 kg/m2(±5.8)]. 7081 (24%) were current or former smokers and were divided into 4 categories by packs years (mean ±S.D.): <10 (5.8±3.3), 10–20 (17.1±2.9), 20–30 (27.1±2.8), 30–40 (37.3±2.8), and >40 (53.9±12.8). Patients with greater cigarette smoke exposure had lower expiratory flow rates (FEV1, FEF50, FEF75, PEFR), DLCO, and maximum power output (MPO) during exercise. There was no association between smoke exposure and muscle strength. Modeling MPO (kpm/min) output as a function of demographic and physiologic variables showed that the data are well explained by muscle strength (kg), FEV1 (L), and DLCO (mmHg/min/mL) in similar magnitude (MPO = 42.7*Quads0.34*FEV10.34 * DLCO0.43; r = 0.84).

Conclusions
Long-term cigarette smoke exposure is associated with small airway narrowing and impaired diffusion capacity but not with peripheral muscle weakness. The effects of smoking, age, and gender on maximum power output are mediated by reductions in FEV1, muscle strength and DLCO. Exercise capacity in smokers may benefit from therapies targeting all 3 variables.
Success of community approach to HPV vaccination in school-based and non-school-based settings in Haiti
Authors: Riviere Cynthia , Bell Tatiana , Cadot Yonie , Perodin Christian , Charles Benedict , Bertil Claudin , Cheung Jazreel , Bane Shalmali , Cheung Hoi Ching , Pape Jean William , Deschamps Marie Marcelle 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
To assess the success of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program among adolescent girls aged 9–14 years in Haiti and to understand predictors of completion of a two-dose HPV vaccination series.

Methods
Data collection was conducted during HPV vaccination campaigns in Port-au-Prince between August 2016 and April 2017. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to examine characteristics associated with vaccination series completion of school based and non-school based vaccination delivery modalities.

Results
Of the 2,445 adolescent girls who participated in the awareness program, 1,994 participants (1,307 in non-school program, 687 in school program) received the first dose of the vaccine; 1,199 (92%) in the non-school program and 673 (98%) in the school program also received the second dose. Menarche (OR: 1.87; 95% CI, 1.11–3.14), if the participant was a prior patient at the GHESKIO clinics (OR: 2.17; 95% CI, 1.32–3.58), and participating in the school-based program (OR: 4.17; 95% CI, 2.14–8.12) were significantly associated with vaccination completion.

Conclusions
Vaccination in school- and non-school-based settings was successful, suggesting that a nationwide HPV vaccination campaign using either approach would be successful using either approach.
Musical instrument engagement across the life course and episodic memory in late life: An analysis of 60 years of longitudinal data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
Authors: Romeiser Jamie L. , Smith Dylan M. , Clouston Sean A. P. 
Published: June 2021

Background
As the global burden of dementia increases, the absence of treatment underscores the need for identification of factors that may improve cognitive reserve–the ability to stave off cognitive decline in old age. The beneficial association between musical instrument engagement and episodic memory has been identified in children, young adults, and older adults. Yet, previous studies in musical instrument engagement have rarely examined the potential for adolescence and adulthood exposures to independently improve cognition, nor have they been linked with the rate of memory decline over time in older adults. We investigated whether adolescent musical instrument engagement and continued musical instrument engagement over the adult life course were separately associated with higher episodic memory, as well as rate of decline in a large longitudinal cohort.

Methods
Data were from a prospective cohort of high school graduates from 1957. High school music engagement (HSME) was ascertained through graduate yearbooks and assessed as membership in musical performance groups. A questionnaire was used to assess musical engagement through adulthood (MEA) at ages 35, 55, and 65. The episodic memory score was composed of immediate and delayed recall task scores, and was assessed when participants were aged approximately 65 and 72 years old among 5,718 individuals. Linear mixed models were used to assess the association between music, and memory performance and decline over time.

Results
Of high school graduates who participated in the study, 38.1% played music in high school, and 21.1% played music in adulthood. While musical engagement was more common in those who played in childhood, 40% of those who played continuously as an adult did not play in high school. High HSME (B = 0.348, p = 0.049) and continuous MEA (B = 0.424, p = 0.012) were associated with higher memory scores at age 65 after covariate adjustment. When examining memory decline, the benefits of high HSME decreased over time (B = -0.435, p = 0.048), while the rate of decline did not differ between MEA groups. Exploratory models revealed differential benefits for HSME and immediate recall, and MEA and delayed recall.

Conclusion
This study provides further evidence that musical engagement in childhood or adulthood is associated with non-musical cognitive reserve. These two exposures may act differentially in different domains of episodic memory. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between musicianship and the rate of cognitive decline.
Effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for injury in ballet dancers: A systematic review
Authors: Skwiot Marlena , Śliwiński Zbigniew , Żurawski Arkadiusz , Śliwiński Grzegorz 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe unique repetitive nature of ballet dancing, which often involves transgressing endurance limits of anatomical structures, makes dancers prone to injury. The following systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in the treatment of injuries in ballet dancers.MethodsThe review was performed in line with the PRISMA statement on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Six electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid Embase, Cochrane, Medline, PEDro, Google Scholar) were queried. The study populations comprised active ballet dancers and/or ballet school attendees with acute and chronic injuries and those with persistent pain. There were no restrictions regarding age, sex, ethnicity or nationality. The Modified McMaster Critical Review Form for quantitative studies was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies reviewed in accordance with the relevant guidelines.ResultsOut of the total of 687 articles subjected to the review, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Diverse physiotherapeutic interventions were described and effectiveness was assessed using different parameters and measurements. Overall, the results indicate that physiotherapy interventions in ballet dancers exert a positive effect on a number of indices, including pain, ROM and functional status.ConclusionsDue to the small amount of evidence confirming the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic interventions in ballet dancers after injuries and methodological uncertainties, it is recommended to improve the quality of prospective studies.
Relationship between ankle varus moment during gait and radiographic measurements in patients with medial ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: Choi Ji Hye , Han Hee Soo , Park Young Jin , Koo Seungbum , Lee Taeyong , Lee Kyoung Min 
Published: June 2021

Background
Kinetic data obtained during gait can be used to clarify the biomechanical pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the lower extremity. This study aimed to investigate the difference in ankle varus moment between the varus angulation and medial translation types of medial ankle osteoarthritis, and to identify the radiographic measurements associated with ankle varus moment.

Methods
Twenty-four consecutive patients [mean age 65.8 (SD) 8.0 years; 9 men and 15 women] with medial ankle osteoarthritis were included. Fourteen and 10 patients had the varus angulation (tibiotalar tilt angle≥3 degrees) and medial translation (tibiotalar tilt angle<3 degrees) types, respectively. All patients underwent three-dimensional gait analysis, and the maximum varus moment of the ankle was recorded. Radiographic measurement included tibial plafond inclination, tibiotalar tilt angle, talar dome inclination, and lateral talo-first metatarsal angle. Comparison between the two types of medial ankle osteoarthritis and the relationship between the maximum ankle varus moment and radiographic measurements were analyzed.

Results
The mean tibial plafond inclination, tibiotalar tilt angle, talar dome inclination, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and maximum ankle varus moment were 6.4 degrees (SD 3.3 degrees), 5.0 degrees (SD 4.6 degrees), 11.4 degrees (SD 5.2 degrees), -6.5 degrees (SD 11.7 degrees), and 0.185 (SD 0.082) Nm/kg, respectively. The varus angulation type showed a greater maximum ankle varus moment than the medial translation type (p = .005). The lateral talo-first metatarsal angle was significantly associated with the maximum ankle varus moment (p = .041) in the multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion
The varus angulation type of medial ankle osteoarthritis is considered to be more imbalanced biomechanically than the medial displacement type. The lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, being significantly associated with the ankle varus moment, should be considered for correction during motion-preserving surgeries for medial ankle osteoarthritis to restore the biomechanical balance of the ankle.
The protective association between statins use and adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chow Ronald , Im James , Chiu Nicholas , Chiu Leonard , Aggarwal Rahul , Lee Jihui , Choi Young-Geun , Prsic Elizabeth Horn , Shin Hyun Joon 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionStatins may reduce a cytokine storm, which has been hypothesized as a possible mechanism of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to report on adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients by statin usage.MethodsLiteratures were searched from January 2019 to December 2020 to identify studies that reported the association between statin usage and adverse outcomes, including mortality, ICU admissions, and mechanical ventilation. Studies were meta-analyzed for mortality by the subgroups of ICU status and statin usage before and after COVID-19 hospitalization. Studies reporting an odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were analyzed separately.ResultsThirteen cohorts, reporting on 110,078 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Individuals who used statins before their COVID-19 hospitalization showed a similar risk of mortality, compared to those who did not use statins (HR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.28; OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.38, 1.03). Patients who were administered statins after their COVID-19 diagnosis were at a lower risk of mortality (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.61; OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.75). The use of statins did not reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU (OR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.26, 1.64). Among non-ICU patients, statin users were at a lower risk of mortality relative to non-statin users (HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.62; OR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.88).ConclusionPatients administered statins after COVID-19 diagnosis or non-ICU admitted patients were at lower risk of mortality relative to non-statin users.
Autoimmune liver damage in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome associated with anticentromeric antibodies
Authors: Chalcev B. D. , Vasiliev V. I. , Palshina S. G. , Torgashina A. V. , Sokol E. V. , Khvan J. I. , Rodionova E. B. , Safonova T. N. , Nekrasova T. P. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:to determine the frequency, spectrum and severity of liver affection in anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) positive patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).Patients and methods.119 ACA-positive patients with pSS were included in the study, 37 (31%) of them had signs of liver damage, 3 of these patients were excluded from the study (2 had cholelithiasis, 1 had viral hepatitis B). Signs of autoimmune liver damage were found in 34 (28.6%) patients, most of them were seropositive for antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). The diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) was established according to the recommendations of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the Russian Gastroenterological Association and the Russian Society for the Study of the Liver. In 5 (14.7%) patients the cause of cholestasis remained unspecified.Results and discussion.AMA were found in 73.5% of patients, elevated serum IgM levels – in 57.6%. Clinically liver damage in most cases was characterized by an asymptomatic, slowly progressive course without a dramatic increase of symptoms over time. Liver cirrhosis was found in 14.7% of patients. According to clinical, laboratory and morphological manifestations, PBC was diagnosed in 21 patients, 4 of them also had a cross syndrome with AIH. AMA-negative PBC was found in 3 patients and isolated AIH – in 1. In most cases, histological stage I of PBC was detected. During follow-up, median of 7 years (range from 2 to 15 years), in 7 patients with stage I PBC and in 7 AMA-positive patients without functional liver disorders no clinical, laboratory or instrumental progression of liver damage was noted. In this regard, it was suggested that these patients have epitheliitis of the biliary ducts as manifestation of glandular affection in pSS, and not true PBC.Conclusion.Autoimmune liver lesions are detected in 28.6% of ACA-positive patients with pSS, most (41.2%) of them develop epitheliitis of the biliary ducts as pSS manifestation or a combination of pSS with PBC (with the same frequency), less often PBC / AIH cross syndrome is diagnosed. PBC / pSS-related epitheliitis of the biliary ducts in ACA-positive patients is characterized by a slowly progressive asymptomatic course in most cases and rarely leads to the development of liver cirrhosis.