bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Outpatient Psychotherapy Engagement Service for Self-harm (COPESS): A Feasibility Trial Protocol
Authors: Saini Pooja , Hunt Anna , Taylor Peter , Mills Catherine , Clements Caroline , Mulholland Helen , Kullu Cecil , Hann Mark , Duarte Rui , Mattocks Felicity , Guthrie Else 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: People who self-harm are at high risk for future suicide and often suffer considerable emotional distress. Depression is common among people who self-harm and may be an underlying driver of self-harm behaviour. Self-harm is often repeated, and risk of repetition is highest immediately after an act of self-harm. Readily accessible brief talking therapies show promise in helping people who self-harm, but further evaluation of these approaches is needed. A brief talking therapy intervention for depression and self-harm, has been designed for use in a community setting. This mixed methods feasibility study with repeated measures will examine the feasibility and acceptability of the Community Outpatient Psychological Engagement Service for Self-Harm (COPESS) for people with self-harm and depression in the community compared to routine care. Methods: We will recruit 60 participants with a history of self-harm within the last six months, who are also currently depressed, to take part in a feasibility single blind randomised controlled trial (RCT). We will randomise participants 1:1 to receive COPESS plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Recruitment will take place via GP practices and self-referral. Assessment of feasibility and acceptability will be assessed via quantitative and qualitative methods including measures of recruitment and retention to the trial, participants’ experience of therapy, completion / completeness of outcome measures at relevant time-points and completion of a service use questionnaire. Discussion: The results will indicate whether it is feasible to conduct a definitive trial to determine whether COPESS is a clinically, cost-effective intervention for those who self-harm in the community. The qualitative and quantitative data will help identify the potential strengths or challenges of brief community-based interventions for self-harm. Trial registration: NCT04191122 registered 9th December 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04191122?term=NCT04191122&draw=2&rank=1
Water Balance and Influence Mechanism Analysis: A case study of Hongjiannao Lake, China
Authors: Yue Hui , Liu Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hongjiannao groundwater exchange was the largest desert freshwater lake in China (57.25 km2 in 1986). However, it shrank sharply over the past 34a (1986–2019), with the smallest lake area 31.41 km2 in 2015. The objective of this study was to use the Landsat images, ASTER GDEM V2 data, and meteorology and statistics data, in combination with the water balance model to calculate the dynamics of water balance elements, quantify and characterize the interannual variations in lake-groundwater exchanges, and analyzed its influencing factors by using the geographical detector. The results showed that in the stable stage (1986–1997), the average rate of the lake area, water level, and lake volume change was − 0.26 km2/a, -0.0483 m/a, and − 0.0009 km3/a, respectively. Precipitation, river inflow, and groundwater were 0.0203 km3, 0.0485 km3, and 0.0098 km3, which accounts for the whole input were 25.83%, 61.70%, and 12.47%, respectively, evaporation was 0.0786 km3. In the reduction stage (1998–2015), the average rate of the lake area, water level, and lake volume change was − 1.21 km2/a, -0.2422 m/a, and − 0.0101 km3/a, respectively. Before 2006, precipitation, river inflow, and groundwater were 0.0154 km3, 0.0475 km3, and − 0.0025 km3, respectively; from 2006 to 2009, precipitation, river inflow, and groundwater were 0.0143 km3, 0.0334 km3, and 0.0058 km3, respectively; after 2009, precipitation, river inflow, and groundwater were 0.0139 km3, 0.0199 km3, and 0.0085 km3, respectively. Evaporation decreased from 0.0714 km3 to 0.0480 km3 from 1998 to 2015. In the growth stage (2016–2019), the average rate of the lake area, water level, and lake volume change were 1.38 km2/a, 0.27 m/a, and 0.0088 km3/a, respectively. Precipitation, river inflow, and groundwater were 0.0209 km3, 0.0005 km3, and 0.0373 km3, which accounts for the whole input were 46.63 %, 52.12 %, and 1.25 %, respectively, evaporation was 0.0187 km3. Compared with the stable stage, groundwater in the growth stage reduced from 12.47 % (0.0098 km3) to only 1.25 % (0.0005 km3). From 1998 to 2004, Hongjiannao Lake experienced continuous losing conditions (discharge from the lake to groundwater), with a variable exchange volume of up to -0.01582 km3 in 1999. Through geographical detector analysis, it was found that temperature was the dominant factor from 1988 to 1997, while human factors were the dominant factors from1998 to 2015.
Analyzing and validating the prognostic value and immune microenvironment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ke Jingwei , Chen Jie , Liu Xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: There is still controversy regarding immunotherapy biomarkers. Therefore, we aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers related to immunotherapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Methods: Fragments Per Kilobase Million (FPKM) data and clinical characteristics for ccRCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded. Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis was performed to divide patients into different immune subgroups according to their single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) scores. Then, we validated the differences in immune cell infiltration, prognosis, clinical characteristics and expression levels of HLA and immune checkpoint genes between different immune subgroups. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the significant modules and hub genes that were related to the immune subgroups. A nomogram was established to predict the overall survival (OS) outcomes after independent prognostic factors were identified by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Results: Five clusters (immune subgroups) were identified. There was no significant difference in age, sex or N stage. And there were significant differences in race, T stage, M stage, grade, prognosis and tumor microenvironment. HLA gene families and CTLA4 showed significant differences between the five clusters, while PD1 and PDL1 did not. The red module was significant, and 14 hub genes were obtained. In addition, the nomogram containing LAG3 and GZMK accurately predicted OS outcomes of ccRCC patients.Conclusion: LAG3 and GZMK are strongly related to immunity and may provide suggestions for ccRCC immunotherapy.
Swimming turn performance: the distinguishing factor in 1500m World championship freestyle races?
Authors: Polach Marek , Thiel Dan , Kreník Jan , Born Dennis-Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective

Turn sections represent the second largest part of total race time in 1500 m freestyle races and may substantially affect race results. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate individual race strategies and compare the effect of start, swim, and turn performances between short-course and long-course races. Video footages were collected from all male finalists at the 2018 short- (n = 8, age 22.8 ± 2.4 years, FINA points 953 ± 27) and 2019 long-course World swimming championships (n = 8, age 23.3 ± 2.2 years, FINA points 951 ± 23) for subsequently analysis of start, turn, and swim performance.
Results

The larger number of turns in short-course races resulted in significantly faster race times (p < 0.001), but slower mean turn times compared to long-course races (p < 0.001). Total race time closely correlated with swim and turn but not start section time in short- (r ≥ 0.76, p ≤ 0.030) and long-course races (r ≥ 0.96, p < 0.001). Analysis of individual race strategies showed that turn performance affected race results in 9 of the 16 world-best 1500 m swimmers and improved medal standing of 1st, 3rd, and 4th ranked short- as well as 1st and 2nd ranked long-course finalist. Coaches, athletes, and performance analysts may carefully consider the importance of turn performance additionally to free-swimming skills.
Decorin is an early CSF biomarker of Alzheimer’s Aβ amyloidosis
Authors: Jiang Richeng , Smailovic Una , Haytural Hazal , Haret Robert , Shevchenko Ganna , Tijms Betty , Gobom Johan , Abelein Axel , Bogdanovic Nenad , Zetterberg Henrik , winblad bengt , Frykman Susanne , Jelic Vesna , Bergquist Jonas , Visser Pieter Jelle , Nilsson Per 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by impaired protein homeostasis leading to amyloid-beta (Aβ) amyloidosis. Here, we show that autophagy is similarly inhibited in AD brains and App knock-in AD mouse models. To determine how pathologies translate to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), label-free mass spectrometry of mouse CSF was used. This identified autophagy-related extracellular matrix (ECM) protein decorin as significantly and similarly increased in App knock-in mice and cognitively normal human subjects with abnormal CSF-amyloid. Notably, a switch from negative to positive correlation of CSF-decorin and CSF-amyloid occurs in cognitively normal subjects when CSF-amyloid becomes abnormal, indicating an early change in CSF-decorin induced by Aβ amyloidosis. In App knock-in mice increased CSF-decorin correlated with accentuated decorin expression in choroid plexus and decreased interneuronal decorin. Furthermore, decorin activates neuronal autophagy-lysosomal system by enhancing lysosomal degradation. Therefore, decorin is a potential CSF biomarker that reflects ECM and autophagy alterations in early AD Aβ amyloidosis.
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma with abrupt transition of low-grade and high-grade dedifferentiated components: A case report
Authors: WEN YANG , HE XIANGLEI , ZHAO MING 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a unique subtype of liposarcoma, which has obvious histological heterogeneity. In affected patients, the condition typically manifests as the dedifferentiation of high-grade histological morphology, but it may also manifest as the dedifferentiation of low-grade histological morphology. In some cases, unique histological or immunophenotypic characteristics are observed. We describe, herein, a rare case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, in which the high-grade and low-grade dedifferentiated components coexisted with a relatively sharp transition in pathology.Case presentationA 69-year-old woman with severe abdominal pain lasting for 1 hour presented to our hospital. Physical examination revealed a mobile large left abdominal mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a huge mass with typical fat components and the non-fatty nodule in the left retroperitoneal cavity. After laparotomy, histologic analysis of the specimens could find the atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDLPS) and DDLPS components. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis suggested the presence of MDM2 gene amplification. These findings supported a diagnosis of DDLPS.ConclusionIn our case, the high-grade and low-grade dedifferentiated components coexisted with a relatively sharp transition in pathology. We hypothesize that low-grade dedifferentiation may be a precursor to high-grade dedifferentiation. MRI images cannot distinguish the two components.
Expression of a novel DREB 5-A subgroup transcription factor gene from Ricinus communis (RcDREB1) enhanced growth, drought tolerance and pollen viability in tobacco
Authors: Aragão Francisco Lima , Rego Tomas Felipe Costa do , Santos Mirella Pupo , Cabral Glaucia Barbosa , Cipriano Thaís de Moura , de Sousa Natália Lima , Neto Otacílio Antônio de Souza 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change has increased the frequency of long periods of drought, affecting crop cultivation worldwide. Losses due to water stress exceed ten percent of world production of major crops, reaching three-quarters of production areas, with severe economic losses. Therefore, the generation of environmental stress-tolerant genotypes that are more efficient in water use is extremely important. We have previously isolated and characterized a DREB transcription factor coding gene, named RcDREB1, from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), which probably belongs to the CBF/DREB subfamily subgroup A-5. Aiming to develop drought-tolerant lines, we have stably introduced and expressed the RcDREB1 transgene into tobacco. Transgenic lines have revealed an enhanced drought tolerance. Genetically modified lines cultivated under water deficit presented a higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and leaf water content when compared to the control. Transgenic lines revealed lower transpiration rates. In addition, biometric analyses showed that transgenic lines cultivated under water stress presented higher biomass, higher fresh and dry weight and higher plant height than the non-transgenic lines. After re-watering, transgenic lines recovered faster than non-transgenic plants. Moreover, pollen grains from transgenic plants revealed a remarkable increase in viability after exposure to heat (38 ºC) and desiccation stresses. The results presented here will be the foundation for production of commercial crops that are more tolerant to environmental stresses and long-life pollen grains, increasing pollination and in consequence, productivity.
Correlational study on the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Yuanyuan Zhang , Li Juyi , Ni Yingqun , Wang Yan , Liu Huaizhen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

It is widely acknowledged that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are all chronic metabolic diseases.The objective of this study is to retrospectively probe the association between the 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-(OH)D) and NAFLD in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods

339 T2DM patients participated in this research and from November 2018 to September 2019 and were divided into simple T2DM group(108 cases) and T2DM with NAFLD group(231 cases) in conformity with abdominal ultrasound diagnosis. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) ≥ 0.676 was defined as progressive liver fibrosis.231 T2DM with NAFLD patients were categorized into two subgroups: progressive liver fibrosis subgroup(48 cases) and without progressive liver fibrosis subgroup(183 cases).
Results

The prevalence of NAFLD by Abdominal ultrasonography was 68%.The results indicated that the levels of 25-(OH)D were significantly lower in T2DM with NAFLD group than that in simple T2DM group(P < 0.01).The levels of 25-(OH)D were significantly lower in progressive liver fibrosis subgroup than that in patients without progressive liver fibrosis and simple T2DM,and 25-(OH)D levels were lower in without progressive liver fibrosis subgroup than that in simple T2DM group(p < 0.01 or p < 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that levels of 25-(OH)D were negative correlation with risk of NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis(p = 0.011、p = 0.044,respectively).
Conclusions

we could come to a conclusion that low levels of 25-(OH)D was a risk factor for NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM patients.
Immediate IUD insertion after second trimester abortion: process evaluation and implications for service delivery
Authors: Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo , Constant Deborah , Endler Margit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The availability of modern contraception including long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), is a fundamental component of post-abortion care. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) in South Africa compared immediate to interval insertion of the copper intrauterine device (IUD) after second trimester medical abortion (MA). Immediate insertion resulted in higher use at 6 weeks post-abortion, however expulsion rates were higher than interval insertion. This process evaluation sheds light on barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the study intervention.MethodsWe performed a process evaluation alongside the RCT in which we reviewed clinical records for fidelity to the RCT protocol and conducted in-depth interviews with 14 staff providing healthcare to RCT participants and 24 RCT participants. Research questions explored barriers and facilitators to implementation of immediate IUD insertion, contraceptive decision-making, and the potential impact of context and supplementary trial activities on trial findings. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, with translation into English if needed. We performed a triangulated thematic analysis at the level of the transcribed interview text.ResultsIn the RCT, there were 8 crossovers from the immediate to the delayed arm: 5 had a clinical contraindication to the IUD post-MA and 3 changed their mind about the IUD. In deviation of the RCT protocol 10 women in the delayed arm were given the injectable instead of oral contraceptives. Doctors and nurses were generally in favour of immediate insertion and said it could be incorporated into standard care if women wanted this. This contrasted with the need for interventions by the research team to reinforce adherence by staff to the allocated intervention over the trial duration. For women, convenience, protection from pregnancy and privacy issues were paramount and they expressed preference for engagement with staff who knew their abortion history, and with whom they had an established connection. Clinical trials registration: clinicaltrials.gov/ (ID NCT03505047), Pan African Trials Registry (www.pactr.org), ID PACTR201804003324963ConclusionsWomen and staff favour immediate IUD insertion after second trimester medical abortion, but service delivery may require structures that ensure continuity of care, communication that mitigates loss to follow-up and training of staff to ensure competence.
Major Depression in Breast Cancer Patients with Ovarian Function Suppression: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Ovarian Ablation and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists
Authors: Jiang Junhan , Xu Junnan , Cai Li , Man Li , Niu Limin , Hu Juan , Sun Tao , Zheng Xinyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We examined whether there were differences in major depression outcomes and independent risk factors associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) and ovarian ablation (OA) in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Methods: Premenopausal breast cancer patients from seven hospitals who received OFS participated in the study between June 2019 and June 2020. The independent variable was the type of ovarian suppression, categorized as either OA (n = 174) or GnRHa (n = 389). Major depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire was used to assess sexual function.Results: A total of 563 patients completed the surveys. The mean PHQ-9 sum score was slightly lower in the GnRHa cohort than in the OA cohort (11.4 ± 5.7 vs. 12.8 ± 5.8, P = 0.079). There were significantly fewer patients with major depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) in the GnRHa cohort (31.1% vs. 40.2%, P = 0.025). Further, the duration of OFS was closely correlated with major depression, indicating a time-dependent trend [duration of OFS > 2 years vs. duration of OFS ≤ 2 years: Exp (B) = 1.651, P = 0.031]. Sexual dysfunction was negatively correlated with major depression [sexual dysfunction vs. normal: Exp (B) = 0.769, P = 0.046].Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate that GnRHa results in more favorable depression outcomes than OA. Moreover, most patients preferred alternatives to their OFS treatment. These findings can contribute to improving and alleviating the adverse effects of OFS.
Attitude of dental interns, final year and third-year students towards their involvement in hospital work during COVID-19 pandemic in private dental colleges in Vidarbha, India
Authors: KOKANE VANDANA , KOKANE NOOPUR , Saraf Nitisha , Ukey Sayali , Satfale Shaishavi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: because of the ongoing pandemic, dental education is severely affected. Even though as in every other field teachers have taken to virtual education, but in dentistry, no virtual lectures can even come close to the experience gained by students while practicing on patients. This study aims to evaluate student’s attitudes regarding their involvement in hospital work at the time of the ongoing COVID19 pandemic and how it might impact their confidence and preparedness in the future.Method: A validated questionnaire was circulated online among the students of five dental colleges of Vidarbha who have suspended all student activities on the campus of their college including internship. A total of 711 students responded.Result: out of 711 students 52.9% of students are highly motivated to work in the hospital. However 52.7% are afraid of getting infected by the COVID-19 virus while working in the hospital, and 78.6% are worried that their loved ones can get infected because of them. 62% of students feel that they are less prepared for next year as they have no learned substantially in the last 6 months.Conclusion: as the majority of students are highly motivated to work, private colleges should resume internships. This will benefit students as well as patients. Colleges should also consider calling in final year students in reduced batches, and allow them to assist or observe clinicians maintaining all precautionary protocols.
Full Waveform Inversion for Imaging Faulted Structures; a Case Study from Japan Trench Forearc Slope
Authors: Hondori Ehsan Jamali , Guo Chen , Mikada Hitoshi , Park Jin-Oh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Full waveform inversion (FWI) of limited-offset marine seismic data is a challenging task due to the lack of refracted energy and diving waves from the shallow sediments, which are fundamentally required to update the long-wavelength background velocity model through a tomographic fashion. When these events are absent, a reliable initial velocity model is necessary to assure that the observed and simulated waveforms kinematically fit within an error less than half a wavelength to protect the FWI iterative local optimization scheme from cycle skipping. We use a migration-based velocity analysis (MVA) method, including a combination of the layer stripping approach and iterations of Kirchhoff prestack depth migration (KPSDM) to build an accurate initial velocity model for the FWI application on 2D seismic data with a maximum offset of 5.8 km. The data is acquired in the Japan Trench subduction zone, and we focus on the area where the shallow sediments overlying a highly reflective basement on top of the Cretaceous erosional unconformity are severely faulted and deformed. Despite the limited offsets available in the seismic data, our carefully designed workflow for data preconditioning, initial model building, and waveform inversion provides a velocity model which could improve the depth images down to a depth of almost 3.5 km. We present several quality control measures to assess the reliability of the resulting FWI model, including ray path illuminations, sensitivity kernels, reverse time migration (RTM) images, and KPSDM common image gathers. A direct comparison between the FWI and MVA velocity profiles reveals a sharp boundary at the Cretaceous basement interface, a feature which could not be observed in the MVA velocity model. The normal faults caused by the basal erosion of the upper plate in the study area reach the seafloor with evident subsidence of the shallow strata, implying that the faults are active.