bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of carotene from palm oil by organic solvent nanofiltration
Authors: Ghazali Nazlee Faisal , Md Hanim Khairilanuar , Pahlawi Qadly Ameen , Lim Ki Min 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPalm oil is one of the richest sources of natural plant carotene with typical concentration of about 0.5–0.7 g/L. Unfortunately, during physical refining of palm oil, most of the carotenes were destroyed by high temperatures and this represents a loss of potential source of natural carotene. Various techniques have been developed to extract and recover carotenes from palm oil, however these processes often require high energy usage, and usually renders the oil useless for further consumption. Recently, organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has become an important method for molecular separation particularly for the separation of low molecular weight bioactive compounds. This work presents the application of OSN membranes for the separation of carotene from a crude palm oil/solvent system. Several commercial OSN membranes (DuraMem and PuraMem series) fabricated from polyimide were evaluated for their separation abilities. PuraMem 280 showed the best selectivity performance, with the concentration of carotene in permeate oil increased from 0.60 to 0.79 g/L when hexane was used as the solvent. Runs by using DuraMem 150, DuraMem 300 and DuraMem 500 showed low or no selectivity between carotene and triglyceride in all solvents. It was found that the rejection of carotene depends strongly on the type of solvents. A coupled solution diffusion and film theory was also utilized to model carotene transport through OSN membrane. It was demonstrated that OSN can serve as an alternative for the direct carotene recovery from palm oil and can be potentially applied for other minor compounds recovery from vegetable oils.
Performance evaluation of alternative refrigerants for R134a in automotive air conditioning system
Authors: Zhang Nuochen , Dai Yuande 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAiming to explore environmentally friendly working fluids replace R134a for automotive air conditioning applications, seven potential pure refrigerants were analyzed first in terms of safety, environmental characteristics, and cycle performances. It was found that the pure refrigerants have some defects when applied individually. However, using the principle of complementary advantages, the mixtures employed in automotive air conditioning can make up for the shortcomings existing in the pure refrigerants. On this basis, the thermophysical models of vapor‐liquid equilibrium, enthalpy, entropy, and critical properties of binary mixtures were established. Also, the properties and cycle performances of 14 blends were investigated, and the results indicated that the predicted models of vapor‐liquid equilibrium have high accuracy, where the average absolute relative deviations of pressures and the average absolute deviations of vapor‐phase mole fractions were less than 2% and 0.005, respectively. M1 (R13I1/R152a [30/70]) and M11 (R13I1/R290 [40.3/59.7]) showed superiorities in cycle performances and environmental and safety characteristics. Moreover, the operating pressures of which were close to that of R134a, and they were expected to become the substitutes for R134a in automotive air conditioners.
The effect of adding carbon black to natural rubber/butadiene rubber blends on curing, morphological, and mechanical characteristics
Authors: Vayyaprontavida Kaliyathan Abitha , Rane Ajay Vasudeo , Huskic Miroslav , Kanny Krishnan , Kunaver Matjaz , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA two‐roll mill was used to make rubber‐rubber blends (RRBs) of natural rubber (70phr) and butadiene rubber (BR) (30phr) with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50phr of carbon black (CB). All of the blend composition's cure, morphological, and mechanical characteristics were tested and described in the paper. In contrast to neat RRB, time values dropped, and maximum torque increased for CB filled RRBs, according to the rheo‐curve. In contrast to neat RRB, the mechanical properties of CB filled RRBs improved. The “partitioning of CB” within the BR phase in CB filled RRBs is associated to an increase in mechanical properties. The particle size distribution curve for CB filled RRBs obtained using a transmission electron microscope agrees well with their mechanical properties. Readers would benefit from a correlation between “partitioning of CB” driven by “quantitative features” and “mechanical properties” of CB filled RRBs.
The importance of the nasopharynx and anterior skull base in excerebration techniques from KV40, a New Kingdom Egyptian site
Authors: Seiler Roger , Eppenberger Patrick , Bickel Susanne , Rühli Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn ancient Egypt, a unique technique for removing the brain was invented as part of the mummification practice and refined over the centuries. This usually involved piercing the anterior skull base through a nasal passage to remove the brain remnants through that perforation. From 2010 to 2018, an interdisciplinary team of the Universities of Basel and Zurich investigated tomb no. 40 (KV40) in the Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Egypt. Archaeological findings indicate a first burial phase during the mid‐18th Dynasty (ca. 1400–1350 BCE) and a second in the 22nd to 25th Dynasty (approx. 900–700 BCE). Repeated looting since ancient times severely damaged and commingled the human remains of the two burial phases. The detailed examination of the skulls showed evidence of different transnasal craniotomy practices. This study aims to provide a systematic presentation of the evidence for different excerebration techniques found in the mummy heads, skulls, and skull fragments from KV40, reflecting the long period of occupancy of this tomb by individuals of different social classes.
What are we optimizing for in autism screening? Examination of algorithmic changes in the M‐CHAT
Authors: Schjølberg Synnve , Shic Frederick , Volkmar Fred R. , Nordahl‐Hansen Anders , Stenberg Nina , Torske Tonje , Larsen Kenneth , Riley Katherine , Sukhodolsky Denis G. , Leckman James F. , Chawarska Katarzyna , Øien Roald A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study objectives were to examine the performance of the new M‐CHAT‐R algorithm to the original M‐CHAT algorithm. The main purpose was to examine if the algorithmic changes increase identification of children later diagnosed with ASD, and to examine if there is a trade‐off when changing algorithms. We included 54,463 screened cases from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Children were screened using the 23 items of the M‐CHAT at 18 months. Further, the performance of the M‐CHAT‐R algorithm was compared to the M‐CHAT algorithm on the 23‐items. In total, 337 individuals were later diagnosed with ASD. Using M‐CHAT‐R algorithm decreased the number of correctly identified ASD children by 12 compared to M‐CHAT, with no children with ASD screening negative on the M‐CHAT criteria subsequently screening positive utilizing the M‐CHAT‐R algorithm. A nonparametric McNemar's test determined a statistically significant difference in identifying ASD utilizing the M‐CHAT‐R algorithm. The present study examined the application of 20‐item MCHAT‐R scoring criterion to the 23‐item MCHAT. We found that this resulted in decreased sensitivity and increased specificity for identifying children with ASD, which is a trade‐off that needs further investigation in terms of cost‐effectiveness. However, further research is needed to optimize screening for ASD in the early developmental period to increase identification of false negatives.
Impact of amino acids on enhancing trimethyl chitosan as a nontoxic antiproliferative active biopolymer
Authors: Basta Altaf H. , Lotfy Vivian F. , El‐Manawaty May A. , Mahmoud Khaled 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work evaluates the toxicity of trimethyl chitosan (TMC), which prevents its use as an antiproliferative active compound. We report our trial to enhance its safe application by chelating with various amino acids (phenylalanine, glycine and lysine). The safety evaluation was achieved by studying the behavior of TMC–amino acid chelates against two normal human cell lines (BJ1 and RPE1), in comparison with a negative control and doxrobicin (positive control) standard samples. The results obtained show that phenylalanine and lysine play an effective role in enhancing the safety of TMC against normal cell lines, together with providing high thermal stability. Phenylalanine is superior in synthesized anticancer agents. It had IC50 values against colon HCT116 and breast cancer MCF‐7cancer cell lines of 68.7 and 51.4 μg mL–1 This compound is more acceptable than the previous reported rutin flavonoid as an anticancer agent against HCT116 cell lines. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Important skills for elementary school children: Implementing the preschool life skills program in Iceland
Authors: Hálfdanardóttir Bára Fanney , Ingvarsson Einar T. , Sveinbjörnsdóttir Berglind 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTransition from preschool to elementary school can be difficult, especially for children that have not acquired important life skills. The preschool life skills (PLS) program was developed as a class‐wide program to teach typically developing preschool children important social and communication skills. PLS is an effective method for teaching children social skills as well as reducing problem behavior. However, there is a need to further evaluate the feasibility and generality of the program across different cultural contexts. The aim of this study was to evaluate an abbreviated version of the PLS program in a typical Icelandic preschool, with a preschool teacher as the primary implementer. PLS increased the likelihood of the occurrence of instruction following, functional communication, and decreased problem behavior for most children.
Extent of tumor fibrosis/hyalinization and infarction following neoadjuvant radiation therapy is associated with improved survival in patients with soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Rao Sneha R. , Lazarides Alexander L. , Leckey Bruce L. , Lane Whitney O. , Visgauss Julia D. , Somarelli Jason A. , Kirsch David G. , Larrier Nicole A. , Brigman Brian E. , Blazer Dan G. , Cardona Diana M. , Eward William C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionCurrent standard of care for most intermediate and high‐grade soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS) includes limb‐preserving surgical resection with either neoadjuvant radiation therapy (NRT) or adjuvant radiation therapy. To date, there have been a few studies that attempt to correlate histopathologic response to NRT with oncologic outcomes in patients with STS.MethodsUsing our institutional database, we identified 58 patients who received NRT followed by surgical resection for primary intermediate or high‐grade STS and 34 patients who received surgical resection without NRT but did receive adjuvant radiation therapy or did not receive any radiation therapy. We analyzed four histologic parameters of response to therapy: residual viable tumor, fibrosis/hyalinization, necrosis, and infarction (each ratiometrically determined). Data were stratified into two binary groups. Unadjusted, 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival, and relapsed‐free survival (RFS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsAnalysis of pathologic characteristics showed that patients treated with NRT demonstrate significantly higher tumor infarction, higher tumor fibrosis/hyalinization, and a lower percent viable tumor compared with patients not treated with NRT (p < 0.0001). Based on Kaplan–Meier curve analysis and multivariate cox proportional hazard model for OS and RFS, patients treated with NRT and showing >12.5% tumor fibrosis/hyalinization have significantly higher overall survival and recurrence‐free survival at 5 and 10 years.Discussion and ConclusionWe have identified three histopathologic characteristics—fibrosis, hyalinization, and infarction—that may serve as predictive biomarkers of response to NRT for STS patients. Future prospective studies will be needed to confirm this association.
Noninvasive preoperative differential diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A retrospective cohort study of 240 patients
Authors: Xiao Jianchun , Zhou Ruilin , Zhang Boyao , Li Binglu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundXanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is an extremely rare entity. Due to XGC’s clinical and radiological resemblance to gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), intraoperative frozen section during cholecystectomy is often performed to exclude the diagnosis of GBC. Our study is aiming to find a noninvasive indicator of XGC. To our knowledge, this is the largest XGC cohort ever studied.MethodsThis study retrospectively collected clinical characteristics, serological tests, and imaging features of 150 GBC patients and 90 XGC patients. The diagnosis of these 150 GBC patients and 90 XGC patients was based on intraoperative frozen section histopathology.T‐test was utilized to compare differences between XGC and GBC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was conducted and the area under the curve (AUC) was managed to evaluate the validity.ResultsThe carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level in blood tests was significantly elevated in GBC patients than in XGC patients (p = 0.007). The presence of submucosal hypo‐attenuated nodules (80% in XGC, 16% in GBC,p < 0.001), low density border (60% in XGC, 21% in GBC,p = 0.001), and nodular thickening in the bottom of the gallbladder with calcification (70% in XGC, 37% in GBC,p = 0.004) is significantly associated with XGC patients, whereas massive hilar infiltration (0% in XGC, 21% in GBC,p < 0.001), multiple lymph nodes in the hilar area (10% in XGC, 72% in GBC,p = 0.001), and gallbladder mucosal line continuity (50% in XGC, 95% in GBC,p = 0.002) are highly associated with GBC patients. The ROC curve was performed and the gallbladder mucosal line continuity (AUC = 0.708) and the AUC of low density border around the occupation (AUC = 0.654) showed a good prediction of XGC.ConclusionsGallbladder mucosal line continuity and low density border around the occupation presented good indication value for the diagnosis of XGC. Our study proposed a noninvasive differential diagnosis method for XGC and GBC.
Effectiveness of two clinical peer supervision models on practising practicum students
Authors: Aldahadha Basim , Karaki Wejdan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo forms of clinical peer supervision were provided to a sample of 30 practicum students (PS) from Jordan. The sample was divided into two treatment groups and one control group. Results revealed significant effects in the experimental groups compared with the control group, with increases in the means of counselling skills and professional self‐efficacy on the post‐test. Moreover, results revealed no differences in the means of self‐esteem between the three groups or in the two experimental groups on any of the scales. Participants' qualitative session evaluations also supported the helpfulness of clinical peer‐tutoring supervision for school practicum students.
seco‐Prezizanne Sesquiterpenes and Prenylated C6‐C3 Compounds from the Fruits of Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith
Authors: Nie Wei , Ding Lin‐Fen , Tie‐Lei  , Zhou Hao‐Feng , Bao Yi , Song Liu‐Dong , Pan Zheng‐Hong , Wu Xing‐De , Zhao Qin‐Shi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo new seco‐prezizaane‐type sesquiterpenes, 2β‐hydroxy‐6‐deoxyneoanisatin (1) and 3,4‐anhydro‐2‐oxo‐1α‐hydroxy‐6‐deoxyneoanisatin (2), and two new prenylated C6‐C3 compounds, illilanceofunones A (3) and B (4), were obtained from the fruits of Illicium lanceolatum, along with four known prenylated C6‐C3 compounds (5–8). Their structures were proposed through HR‐ESI‐MS, 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR data interpretation. Moreover, the absolute configuration of 1 and 2 were further assigned by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, respectively. Illihenryipyranol A (6) exhibited neuroprotective activity against MPP+‐induced PC12 cell damage in a dose‐dependent manner.
Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue with cervical lymph nodes involvement: Report of an extremely rare tumor and focus about differential diagnosis with polymorphous adenocarcinoma
Authors: De Luca Pietro , Tassone Domenico , de Campora Luca , Simone Matteo , Marra Pasquale , Colacurcio Vito , Costarelli Leopoldo , Scarpa Alfonso , Viti Claudio , Camaioni Angelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCribriform adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor that arise in tongue and minor salivary glands. Previously, only 56 case have been described. In this paper, we report a case of a 83‐year‐old man and we focus about the differential diagnosis with polymorphous adenocarcinoma.
Human papillomavirus infection with anogenital warts in a patient with chronic psoriasis: A case report
Authors: Hsieh Wu‐Feng , Pu Ta‐Wei , Kang Jung‐Cheng , Chen Chao‐Yang , Hu Je‐Ming , Lin Kuan‐hsun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with characteristic skin manifestations. Several pathogens can cause flare‐ups of psoriasis. The risks of skin infections are increased in patients receiving immunomodulators. A patient with chronic psoriasis presented with human papillomavirus infection and anogenital warts and was treated surgically with acceptable results.
Organization of sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue in the mouse
Authors: Huesing Clara , Zhang Rui , Gummadi Sanjeev , Lee Nathan , Qualls‐Creekmore Emily , Yu Sangho , Morrison Christopher D , Burk David , Berthoud Hans Rudolf , Neuhuber Winfried , Münzberg Heike 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) is under sympathetic control, and recent studies emphasized the importance of efferent sympathetic and afferent sensory or humoral feedback systems to regulate adipose tissue function and overall metabolic health. However, functional studies of the sympathetic nervous system in the mouse are limited, because details of anatomy and fine structure are lacking. Here, we used reporter mice for tyrosine hydroxylase expressing neurons (TH:tomato mice), iDISCO tissue clearance, confocal, lightsheet, and electron microscopy to clarify that (a) iBAT receives sympathetic input via dorsal rami (instead of often cited intercostal nerves); (b) dorsal rami T1–T5 correspond to the postganglionic input from sympathetic chain ganglia (stellate/T1–T5); (c) dorsal rami serve as conduits for sympathetic axons that branch off in finer nerve bundles to enter iBAT; (d) axonal varicosities show strong differential innervation of brown (dense innervation) versus white (sparse innervation) adipocytes, that surround the core iBAT in the mouse and are intermingled in human adipose tissues, (e) axonal varicosities can form neuro‐adipocyte junctions with brown adipocytes. Taken together, we demonstrate that sympathetic iBAT innervation is organized by specific nerves and terminal structures that can be surgically and genetically accessed for neuromodulatory purposes.
Local olfactory interneurons provide the basis for neurochemical regionalization of olfactory glomeruli in crustaceans
Authors: Harzsch Steffen , Dircksen Heinrich , Hansson Bill S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe primary olfactory centers of metazoans as diverse as arthropods and mammals consist of an array of fields of dense synaptic neuropil, the olfactory glomeruli. However, the neurochemical structure of crustacean olfactory glomeruli is largely understudied when compared to the insects. We analyzed the glomerular architecture in selected species of hermit crabs using immunohistochemistry against presynaptic proteins, the neuropeptides orcokinin, RFamide and allatostatin, and the biogenic amine serotonin. Our study reveals an unexpected level of structural complexity, unmatched by what is found in the insect olfactory glomeruli. Peptidergic and aminergic interneurons provide the structural basis for a regionalization of the crustacean glomeruli into longitudinal and concentric compartments. Our data suggest that local olfactory interneurons take a central computational role in modulating the information transfer from olfactory sensory neurons to projection neurons within the glomeruli. Furthermore, we found yet unknown neuronal elements mediating lateral inhibitory interactions across the glomerular array that may play a central role in modulating the transfer of sensory input to the output neurons through presynaptic inhibition. Our study is another step in understanding the function of crustacean olfactory glomeruli as highly complex units of local olfactory processing.
Exhaustive Conformational Search for Sialyl Cation Reveals Possibility of Remote Participation of Acyl Groups
Authors: Panova Maria V. , Medvedev Michael G. , Orlova Anna V. , Kononov Leonid O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFinding convenient ways for the stereoselective α‐sialylation is important due to the high practical significance of α‐sialic acid‐containing glycans and neoglycoconjugates. It was proposed that sialylation stereoselectivity is determined by the structure of the sialyl cation (also known in biochemistry as “sialosyl cation”), a supposed intermediate in this reaction. Here we design a new approach for studying the conformational space of highly flexible sialyl cation and find 1625 unique conformers including those stabilized by covalent remote participation (also known as long‐range participation) of 4‐O‐acetyl (4‐OAc), 5‐N‐trifluoroacetyl (5‐NTFA), as well as 7,8,9‐OAc from both α and β sides. The most energetically stable sialyl cation conformers are featured by 4‐OAc participation, closely followed by 5‐NTFA‐ and 7‐OAc‐stabilized conformers; unstabilized sialyl cation conformers are ∼10 kcal mol−1 less stable than the 4‐OAc‐stabilized ones. Analysis of all the obtained conformers by means of substituents positions, side chain conformations and ring puckering led us to a new “eight‐conformer hypothesis” which describes interconversions among the most important sialyl cation conformers and predicts that stronger remote participation of acyl groups favors β‐anomers. Thus, selective synthesis of the desired α‐sialosides requires minimization of acyl groups participation.
Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Deazapurine Nucleosides (3‐Deazainosine, 3‐Deazaadenosine and 3‐Deazaguanosine) Using Inosine as a Starting Material
Authors: Hinotani Naoto , Saito‐Tarashima Noriko , Minakawa Noriaki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA convenient synthetic method for preparing 3‐deazapurine nucleosides (3‐deazainosine, 3‐deazaadenosine, and 3‐deazaguanosine) from inosine via a 5‐ethynyl‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylimidazole‐4‐carboxamide (EICAR) derivative, which is a key intermediate, is described. A large‐scale synthesis of an EICAR derivative starting from inosine was achieved in six steps via dinitrophenylation at the N1 position followed by ring opening, iodination of the resulting 5‐amino group, and a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction. The resulting EICAR derivative was then converted into 3‐deazainosine, 3‐deazaadenosine, and 3‐deazaguanosine. This route enabled us to synthesize 3‐deazapurine nucleosides conveniently in good yields. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 5‐ethynyl‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylimidazole‐4‐carboxamide (EICAR) derivative 6Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of 3‐deazapurine nucleosides 8, 11, and 14