bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Strategic Litigation to Juridical Action
Authors: Fischer-Lescano Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith strategic litigation, lawyers and public interest NGOs have sought to bring socio-structural problems before courts around the world for many years. In doing so, they (a) initiate legally substantiated lawsuits that (b) pursue goals beyond a legal process’ “success” and (c) address considerable political issues. Litigation strategists often strive to realise the judicial enforcement of human rights, environmental rights, trade union rights, migrant and refugee rights, and so on, in these proceedings. In other words, they seek to make the law “better.” It is precisely here that legal mobilisation’s structural limitations—also present in the day-to-day business of law—come to light in the context of strategic litigation.
Pakistan’s “Industrial 9/11”: Transnational Rights-Based Activism in the Garment Industry and Creating Space for Future Global Struggles
Authors: Mansoor Nasir , Rudhof-Seibert Thomas , Saage-Maaß Miriam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter is based on an internal evaluation of the of the 2012–2019 cooperation between the Pakistani National Trade Union Federation (NTUF), the German humanitarian organisation medico international, and the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). Written from a first-person perspective by three members of these organisations, it offers invaluable insights into the internal coordination and strategic deliberations of the partners’ evolving transnational efforts to hold the German retail company KiK and Italian social auditing firm RINA to account on behalf of the survivors and victims’ families of the 2012 Ali Enterprises factory fire. The authors elaborate on the multi-dimensional effects and aftermath of the Ali Enterprises tragedy, and recount the lessons learned from their different perspectives as trade unionists, activists, and lawyers based in both Pakistan and Germany. On this basis, the chapter then maps additional possible avenues for supporting the transnational struggles of workers around the globe. All in all, it offers rich insights into the experiences and complex debates ongoing amongst the authors and their organisations on how to develop common positions and further enhance their mutual understanding in order to collectively imagine and work towards transformative political goals.
Theoretische Vorüberlegungen, Methoden und Material
Authors: Kleinschmidt Malte 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird die Forschungsperspektive und die damit zusammenhängenden methodologischen, epistemologischen und theoretischen Überlegungen entwickelt. Gleichzeitig geht es hier auch um den zugrundeliegenden Bildungsbegriff und die Reflexion über die Eingebundenheit des Forschenden und Schreibenden in die hier besprochenen Verhältnisse.
Dynamical tadpoles, stringy cobordism, and the SM from spontaneous compactification
Authors: Buratti Ginevra , Delgado Matilda , Uranga Angel M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider string theory vacua with tadpoles for dynamical fields and uncover universal features of the resulting spacetime-dependent solutions. We argue that the solutions can extend only a finite distance ∆ away in the spacetime dimensions over which the fields vary, scaling as ∆n∼$$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
with the strength of the tadpole $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
. We show that naive singularities arising at this distance scale are physically replaced by ends of spacetime, related to the cobordism defects of the swampland cobordism conjecture and involving stringy ingredients like orientifold planes and branes, or exotic variants thereof. We illustrate these phenomena in large classes of examples, including AdS5×T1,1 with 3-form fluxes, 10d massive IIA, M-theory on K3, the 10d non-supersymmetric USp(32) strings, and type IIB compactifications with 3-form fluxes and/or magnetized D-branes. We also describe a 6d string model whose tadpole triggers spontaneous compactification to a semirealistic 3-family MSSM-like particle physics model.
Holographic DC conductivity for backreacted NLED in massive gravity
Authors: Bi Shihao , Tao Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work a holographic model with the charge current dual to a general non-linear electrodynamics (NLED) is discussed in the framework of massive gravity. Massive graviton can break the diffeomorphism invariance in the bulk and generates momentum dissipation in the dual boundary theory. The expression of DC conductivities in a finite magnetic field are obtained, with the backreaction of NLED field on the background geometry. General transport properties in various limits are presented, and then we turn to the three of specific NLED models: the conventional Maxwell electrodynamics, the Maxwell-Chern-Simons electrodynamics, and the Born-Infeld electrodynamics, to study the parameter-dependence of in-plane resistivities. Two mechanisms leading to the Mott-insulating behaviors and negative magneto-resistivities are revealed at zero temperature, and the role played by the massive gravity coupling parameters are discussed.
Full phase diagram of a UV completed $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons matter theory
Authors: Sharon Adar , Sheaffer Tal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study the large N phase diagram of an asymptotically free UV completion of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SU(N) super-Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory coupled to a single massive fundamental scalar multiplet with a quartic superpotential coupling. We compute the effective superpotential at small gauge coupling λ ≡ N/k, and combine this with previous results in the literature to obtain the full phase diagram in this regime. We find that tuning the UV parameters allows us to reach various phases and fixed points of Chern-Simons theory that were recently discovered using large N techniques, as well as new phases that characterize the Yang-Mills theory. We also conjecture the form of the phase diagram for general values of λ and for finite N.
Randomized phase 2 study of perampanel for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Aizawa Hitoshi , Kato Haruhisa , Oba Koji , Kawahara Takuya , Okubo Yoshihiko , Saito Tomoko , Naito Makiko , Urushitani Makoto , Tamaoka Akira , Nakamagoe Kiyotaka , Ishii Kazuhiro , Kanda Takashi , Katsuno Masahisa , Atsuta Naoki , Maeda Yasushi , Nagai Makiko , Nishiyama Kazutoshi , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Toda Tatsushi , Kawata Akihiro , Abe Koji , Yabe Ichiro , Takahashi-Iwata Ikuko , Sasaki Hidenao , Warita Hitoshi , Aoki Masashi , Sobue Gen , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Matsuyama Yutaka , Haga Tomohiro , Kwak Shin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perampanel in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS).

Methods
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 2 clinical study was conducted at 12 sites. Patients with probable or definite ALS as defined by revised El Escorial criteria were enrolled. Sixty-six patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive placebo, 4 mg perampanel, or 8 mg perampanel daily for 48 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded throughout the trial period. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score after 48 weeks of treatment.

Results
One patient withdrew before starting the treatment. Of 65 patients included, 18 of 22 patients randomized to placebo (82%), 14 of 22 patients randomized to 4 mg perampanel (64%), and 7 of 21 patients randomized to 8 mg perampanel (33%) completed the trial. There was a significant difference in the change of ALSFRS-R scores [− 8.4 (95% CI − 13.9 to − 2.9); p = 0.015] between the placebo and the perampanel 8 mg group, primarily due to worsening of the bulbar subscore in the perampanel 8 mg group. Serious AEs were more frequent in the perampanel 8 mg group than in the placebo group (p = 0.0483).

Conclusions
Perampanel was associated with a significant decline in ALSFRS-R score and was linked to worsening of the bulbar subscore in the 8 mg group.
Bone turnover markers can predict healing time in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Schubert Lorenz , Russmueller Guenter , Lagler Heimo , Tobudic Selma , Heindel Elisabeth , Kundi Michael , Steininger Christoph 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe and difficult-to-treat adverse event of bone-modifying agents. Therefore predictive strategies determining patients at risk for a prolonged healing duration are needed to optimize treatment. Thus, the present study evaluates whether or not bone turnover markers can be used to predict the healing duration in MRONJ patients.

Materials and methods
The present study is a retrospective data analysis of patients suffering from MRONJ and positive histology for Actinomyces spp., who were identified at the General Hospital Vienna from 2014 to 2018. During the first visit, the patients’ demographics and levels of bone formation parameters were compiled. Healing times were analysed by Cox regression in dependence on these factors.

Results
A total of 52 patients were identified who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The indication for bone-modifying agents was breast cancer (n = 21), prostate cancer (n = 14), multiple myeloma (n = 6) and other malignant diseases (n = 11). In 43 (82.7%) of our patients, we were able to document complete mucosal healing. Furthermore, patients who responded faster to therapy showed higher levels of C-telopeptide (P < 0.05), osteocalcin (P < 0.05) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05), but lower levels of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D (P < 0.05) than slower responding patients. No correlation was found regarding parathyroid hormone or calcitonin levels. Interestingly, patients who had a slower response were less likely to report dental procedures, but more likely to report a history of chemotherapy.

Conclusion
CTX and osteocalcin levels may be used for predicting healing duration for MRONJ.
Corrosion Level of Rock Bolts Exposed to Aggressive Environments in Nordic Road Tunnels
Authors: Manquehual Cristobal Javier , Jakobsen Pål Drevland , Bruland Amund 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor road tunnels in most Nordic countries, temporary rock support installed during tunnel excavation usually becomes a part of the permanent rock support. Rock bolts are the most common rock support measure in road tunnels excavated in hard rock, and their conditions over the period of tunnel operation play a significant role in the safety of these tunnels. The rock bolt types and aggressive environmental conditions considered in this research are focused on those used and observed in Norwegian and Swedish road tunnels. Findings elsewhere in similar environments are included to highlight the different kinetics of degradation. Based on the collected data, the corrosion levels in these road tunnels are comparable to those in the most polluted industrial areas. Aggressive groundwater conditions for rock bolts include a groundwater pH below four (which can be caused by sulfuric acid formation due to the oxidation of the mineral pyrite in the rock), marine groundwater, and flowing groundwater with a high concentration of dissolved oxygen. Furthermore, chloride-bearing deicing salts commonly used on roads located in cold climate regions during winter can promote corrosion in rock bolts from the tunnel room. For these environments, this research proposes a lognormal probability function to quantify the expected steel corrosion level for 25, 50, and 100 years of exposure time. The corrosion protection given by cement grouting, hot-dip galvanizing and epoxy coating are also addressed to explore their contributions to the lifespan extension of rock bolts in acidic and chloride-rich environments.
Approximating inverse FEM matrices on non-uniform meshes with $${\mathcal{H}}$$-matrices
Authors: Angleitner Niklas , Faustmann Markus , Melenk Jens Markus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider the approximation of the inverse of the finite element stiffness matrix in the data sparse $${\mathcal{H}}$$
H
-matrix format. For a large class of shape regular but possibly non-uniform meshes including algebraically graded meshes, we prove that the inverse of the stiffness matrix can be approximated in the $${\mathcal{H}}$$
H
-matrix format at an exponential rate in the block rank. Since the storage complexity of the hierarchical matrix is logarithmic-linear and only grows linearly in the block-rank, we obtain an efficient approximation that can be used, e.g., as an approximate direct solver or preconditioner for iterative solvers.
A phase I study of combined trabectedin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin therapy for advanced relapsed ovarian cancer
Authors: Takahashi Shunji , Takekuma Munetaka , Tamura Kenji , Takehara Kazuhiro , Nomura Hiroyuki , Ono Makiko , Yunokawa Mayu , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Advanced relapsed ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis, and treatment options are limited.

Methods
This phase I trial investigated the dosage, safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in Japanese patients with advanced relapsed ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. Patients received trabectedin 0.9 or 1.1 mg/m2 immediately after PLD 30 mg/m2; both drugs were given by intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated every 21 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined in an initial dose escalation phase, and this was used in a subsequent safety assessment phase. Safety and tumor response were monitored throughout the trial, and drug concentrations for pharmacokinetic analysis were measured during cycle 1.

Results
Eighteen patients were included. The MTD of trabectedin was determined as 1.1 mg/m2. Gastrointestinal adverse events were experienced by all patients, but were mostly grade 1 or 2 in intensity. Most patients had grade ≥ 3 elevations in transaminase levels or grade ≥ 3 reductions in neutrophil count, but these events were generally manageable through dose reduction and/or supportive therapies, as appropriate. There were no deaths during the trial. Trabectedin exposure increased in a dose-dependent manner. The overall response rate was 27.8%.

Conclusions
Trabectedin, in combination with PLD, may have clinical benefits in Japanese patients with relapsed advanced ovarian cancer. The recommended dosage of trabectedin for further study in this population is 1.1 mg/m2 once every 21 days.
Clinical trial registration number: JapicCTI-163164
Fostering mathematical modelling competency of South African engineering students: which influence does the teaching design have?
Authors: Durandt Rina , Blum Werner , Lindl Alfred 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on empirical results about the influence of two different teaching designs on the development of tertiary students’ modelling competency and attitudes towards modelling. A total of 144 first year engineering students were exposed to a diagnostic entrance test, a modelling unit consisting of five lessons with ten tasks, enframed by a pre- and a post-test, and at the end a questionnaire on attitudes towards mathematical modelling. Similar to the German DISUM study, in the modelling unit, one group of participants followed an independence-oriented teaching style, aiming at a balance between students’ independent work and teacher’s guidance, while two other groups were taught according to a more traditional teacher-guided style. Linear mixed regression models were used to compare pre- and post-test results. The results show that all groups had significant learning progress, although there is much room for further improvement, and that the group taught according to the independence-oriented design had the biggest competency growth. In addition, this group exhibited more positive attitudes than the other groups in five of six attitudinal aspects.
Incidence of fractures among patients receiving medications for type 2 diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and glucocorticoid users according to the National Claims Database in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Saeko , Ishii Shigeyuki , Hamasaki Takahiko , Okimoto Nobukazu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary

According to information from the National Health Insurance and Claims database, the risk for hip, radius, and clinical vertebral fractures was higher among patients receiving medication for type 2 diabetes, COPD, or glucocorticoids than among the whole Japanese population after middle age.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of fractures among patients receiving medications for type 2 diabetes or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and using glucocorticoids (GC) according to the National Database of Health Insurance Claims (NDB) in Japan.

Methods
We obtained data on the number of fractures and patients receiving medications for type 2 diabetes, COPD, or GC from the NDB. The claims data included sex, age group, injury/illness name, hospitalization, outpatient, surgery/medical treatment, and drugs used between January and December 2017.

Results
The risk of hip fracture was higher among patients receiving medications for diabetes or COPD and GC users than in the Japanese population, with standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]1.6–1.75), 1.35 (95% CI 1.28–1.42), and 1.62 (95% CI 1.53–1.71) in men and 1.81 (95% CI 1.79–1.84), 1.67 (95% CI 1.54–1.80), and 1.71 (95% CI 1.66–1.76) in women, respectively. There was also a significantly higher incidence of radial fractures in women and clinical vertebral fractures in both men and women. A greater risk of hip fracture was found among diabetic patients starting in their late 40 s.

Conclusions
Real-world data revealed that the incidence of hip, radius, and clinical vertebral fractures was significantly higher among patients receiving medications for diabetes or COPD and GC users than in the Japanese population after middle age.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of induction programmes on foundation doctor preparedness: a rapid review of the literature
Authors: Patel Monika , Patel Jasmine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is an increase in mortality when medical graduates replace the previous cohort of foundation doctors. As of 2012, it is now mandatory for new doctors in the UK to participate in induction training in order to ease this transition and reduce the negative impact on patient outcomes. However, there is no guidance on how best to deliver these induction programmes. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of several induction programmes to provide insight on this. Medline and Scopus were searched for relevant literature using keywords. Duplicates were removed and inclusion criteria were created to screen the remaining literature. Five studies were included in this review and they were all quality appraised using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. Different hospital trusts utilised varying induction programmes. The most common method of assessing their effectiveness involved exploring preparedness in junior doctors post-induction through surveys. Patient outcome, anxiety levels and knowledge were also measured. Induction programmes play a vital role in preparing new foundation doctors for practice and thus improving patient outcomes. Although there may be trust-specific variation, some elements of the programme should be standardised to ensure basic requirements are met universally. New doctors should be assessed on aspects of the programme after completion to increase confidence and knowledge. Organisational considerations such as costs and staff availability need to be taken into account. The quality of future research papers could be improved through inclusion of baseline data, control groups, multi-centred studies and outcomes higher on Kirkpatrick’s hierarchy.
Leisure time sports and exercise activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of working parents
Authors: Mutz Michael , Reimers Anne K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany working parents experienced a double burden of fulltime employment and increased childcare obligations during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. This paper explores how this twofold burden affected leisure time sports and exercise (LTSE). Following a gender inequality perspective, it is assumed that the level of LTSE of working mothers are more negatively affected by the pandemic than LTSE levels of working fathers. Using the nation-wide representative SPOVID survey, the paper analyses data of all respondents in fulltime employment (N = 631). Data collection took place in October and November 2020 in collaboration with Forsa, a leading corporation for public opinion polls in Germany. Results show that the pandemic led to a reduction of LTSE levels, but with considerable variation between working mothers and fathers. Fulltime working mothers reduced their LTSE by a substantial margin (54 min per week), but not working fathers. It is concluded that the double burden of work demands and childcare duties in the pandemic was largely shouldered by mothers, who then faced greater difficulties to remain active.
Neighborhood-based bridge node centrality tuple for complex network analysis
Authors: Meghanathan Natarajan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe define a bridge node to be a node whose neighbor nodes are sparsely connected to each other and are likely to be part of different components if the node is removed from the network. We propose a computationally light neighborhood-based bridge node centrality (NBNC) tuple that could be used to identify the bridge nodes of a network as well as rank the nodes in a network on the basis of their topological position to function as bridge nodes. The NBNC tuple for a node is asynchronously computed on the basis of the neighborhood graph of the node that comprises of the neighbors of the node as vertices and the links connecting the neighbors as edges. The NBNC tuple for a node has three entries: the number of components in the neighborhood graph of the node, the algebraic connectivity ratio of the neighborhood graph of the node and the number of neighbors of the node. We analyze a suite of 60 complex real-world networks and evaluate the computational lightness, effectiveness, efficiency/accuracy and uniqueness of the NBNC tuple vis-a-vis the existing bridgeness related centrality metrics and the Louvain community detection algorithm.
On the photochemical reaction of pyridinium salts with nucleophiles
Authors: D’Auria Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDFT calculations on the photochemical reaction of 1-n–N-butylpyridinium salt in water with hydroxide anion is in agreement with a singlet state process where the S2 state at λ = 253 nm can be converted into a Dewar isomer (2-butyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.0]hexa-2,5-dien-2-yl cation). The Dewar isomer can react with hydroxide anion giving the product, 6-n-butyl-6-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-en-2-ol.
From the United States to Rural Europe: The New Immigration, Homecoming Migrants, and Social Remittances in Hungary
Authors: Varga Bálint 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA high number of migrants returned from their transatlantic sojourn to their native Hungary between the 1880s and the 1930s. Despite being pauperised and marginalised in the United States, they encountered norms and mechanisms of a democratic society and cultural patterns unknown to the rural society they hailed from. Upon returning, they implemented some of these practices. The paper investigates the durability of this cultural change and argues that the transatlantic transmission of norms was outweighed in significance by internal, regional movements.