bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced corrosion resistant cylinder-bore coatings
Authors: Schilder B , Garling A , Mayer U , Grabs R , Lampke T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the corrosion resistance of cylinder-bore coatings for internal combustion engines by changing surface characteristics and microstructures of the coating and utilizing alternative materials. The approach of this study refers to the knowledge of the complex gas-flow conditions during the internal-diameter coating of cylinder-bores using a twin-wire arc-spray process. Selective influencing of the gas flow enables the preparation of sample coatings with inhomogeneous and more homogeneous microstructures and surfaces. The various coatings were exposed to corrosive environments using the Kesternich testing method and an alternating immersion test. Significant improvements in corrosion resistance have been demonstrated by up to 50 % through altering the microstructure of the coating and almost 100 % by additional changing the spraying material. The study reveals an increased protection of cylinder-bore coatings against corrosive attacks through a homogeneous microstructure prepared in oxygen-poor coating conditions.
Effects of Y content on microstructure, mechanical and damping properties of Mg–Al–Y alloys
Authors: Ma Hongbin , Wang Jinhui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effect of Y on microstructure, mechanical properties, and damping properties of the extruded and annealed Mg–1Al–xY (x = 4, 6, 8) alloys has been studied. The grain sizes of Mg–Al–Y alloys decreased with the increase of Y. The mechanical properties of Mg–Al–Y alloys improved with increasing Y content. The temperature-dependent damping spectrum could be divided into three parts. The vibration frequency weakly affects the damping capacity of Mg alloys. The result of temperature-dependent damping capacity indicated that the overall trends of the tan ϕ decreased at first and then increased with the Y Mg–Al–Y alloys at temperatures between 300 K to 675 K. There were two temperature damping peaks P1 and P2, which was caused by grain boundary relaxation and grain boundary slip, respectively. Grain boundary slip can significantly affect the damping capacity of the Mg alloys at high temperature. The results of XRD showed that the residual stresses existed in the Mg–1Al–xY (x = 4, 6, 8) alloys after the damping test, which was consistent with the results of damping performance test.
Attributing snow cover extent changes over the Northern Hemisphere for the past 65 years
Authors: Guo Hui , Yang Yuting , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Cicheng , Sun Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Snow is a crucial component of the cryosphere and its has been experiencing a significant decline for the Northern Hemisphere (NH) (35–90°N) snow cover extent (SCE) in March-April over the 1948–2012 period. However, the causes of this historical snow cover decline are still uncertain. Here, based on the Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2.0 (GLDAS) reanalysis reanalyzed snow cover extent (SCE) and climate model simulations that separate different anthropogenic forcings, we attribute changes of spring SCE over the NH to anthropogenic and natural climate forcings using an optimal fingerprint technique. We find that fingerprints from greenhouse-gases (GHG) and stratospheric aerosols can be clearly detected in the historical SCE records, whereas natural forcing has not contributed to the long-term SCE trend in a discernible way. The GHG-induced warming is primarily responsible for the NH SCE decline, which, however, has been partly offset (by ∼16%) by aerosol-induced climatic cooling. Our findings confirm the negative effect of warming on SCE changes yet highlight the positive role of aerosols in slowing SCE decline over the past 65 years.
The Challenge of Achieving Immunity Through Multiple-Dose Vaccines in Madagascar
Authors: Jones Forrest K , Mensah Keitly , Heraud Jean-Michel , Randriatsarafara Fidiniaina Mamy , Metcalf C Jessica E , Wesolowski Amy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Administration of many childhood vaccines requires that multiple doses be delivered within a narrow time window to provide adequate protection and reduce disease transmission. Accurately quantifying vaccination coverage is complicated by limited individual-level data and multiple vaccination mechanisms (routine and supplementary vaccination programs). We analyzed 12,541 vaccination cards from 6 districts across Madagascar for children born in 2015 and 2016. For 3 vaccines—pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (DTP-HB-Hib; 3 doses), 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10; 3 doses), and rotavirus vaccine (2 doses)—we used dates of vaccination and birth to estimate coverage at 1 year of age and timeliness of delivery. Vaccination coverage at age 1 year for the first dose was consistently high, with decreases for subsequent doses (DTP-HB-Hib: 91%, 81%, and 72%; PCV10: 82%, 74%, and 64%; rotavirus: 73% and 63%). Coverage levels between urban districts and their rural counterparts did not differ consistently. For each dose of DTP-HB-Hib, the overall percentage of individuals receiving late doses was 29%, 7%, and 6%, respectively; estimates were similar for other vaccines. Supplementary vaccination weeks, held to help children who had missed routine care to catch up, did not appear to increase the likelihood of being vaccinated. Maintaining population-level immunity with multiple-dose vaccines requires a robust stand-alone routine immunization program.
A - 15 Evaluation of a Clinical Test Battery to Identify mTBI in Older Adults
Authors: A Kissinger-Knox , L Manderino , A Colorito , MW Collins , AP Kontos , N Sherry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The examine the utility of neuropsychological assessment in differentiating older adults with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from controls.

Methods
Fifty-two older adults (40% male) aged 60–76 (M = 66.44, SD = 4.74) years were included in the study; 27 diagnosed with mTBI within three months of injury (33.07+/−18.86 days) and 25 age-group and sex-matched controls. Participants completed the following procedures: clinical interview, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status [RBANS], Wide Range Achievement Test [WRAT], Clock drawing, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale [PCSS], Short Fall Efficacy Scale [SFES], Generalized Anxiety Disorder- 7 Item Scale [GAD-7], Geriatric Depression Scale- 5 Item [GDS-5], and Vestibular/Oculomotor Screening [VOMS]. Statistical comparisons were performed using paired t-tests and chi-square analyses with significance of p &lt; 0.05.

Results
There were no significant differences on demographics, aside from participants in the mTBI group being more likely to have a history of sleep disorder (χ2 = 10.26, p = 0.001). The groups significantly differed on RBANS subtests (list-learning, list recall, list recognition, and semantic fluency), VOMS Total Score and near point of convergence, PCSS, GAD-7, and the SFES, with the mTBI group consistently performing more poorly on cognitive testing and endorsing more symptoms. The mTBI group performed better on clock drawing.

Conclusions
The present study represents an initial investigation of the utility of a multidomain evaluation for mTBI in the subacute phase in older adults. Findings support the use of the RBANS immediate, delay, and recognition memory subtests and the RBANS semantic fluency subtest, as well as the VOMS, PCSS, GAD-7, and SFES for differentiating older adults with mTBI from controls.
A - 19 Prime Time for Treatment: Considerations for Active Rehabilitation following Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: B Mayer , K Goldberg , F Masterpasqua , RS Moser 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the current study is to examine the efficacy of physical therapy for concussion treatment.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted of 210 participants (62.9% female), aged 12–22 years (M = 15.27, SD = 2.03), who sustained sport-related concussions between 2015–2018 and were referred to active rehabilitation for treatment at a private physical therapy practice in New Jersey. Treatment groups were assigned based on intake within 12 weeks of injury (Early, 84.8%) or after 12 weeks elapsed (Prolonged). Efficacy was measured by reduction in number and severity of symptoms (i.e., PCSS, CISS, DHI scores) from intake (T1) to discharge (T2). Moderating variables included presence and severity of neck pain (57.1% with neck pain, 42.4% without) and presence and quantity of reported concussion modifiers (32.4% none, 34.8% one, 32.9% two+).

Results
A significant reduction in scores was found from T1 to T2 for the complete sample (PCSS: t(165) = 11.76, p &lt; 0.001; CISS: t(162) = 15.73, p &lt; 0.001; DHI functional disability ratings: t(74) = 6.393, p &lt; 0.001). Crosstabs comparison showed participants reported significant symptom reduction from T1 to T2 (Early: 90%, n = 126; Prolonged: 87.5%, n = 21), with no appreciable difference in the rate of symptom reduction between groups. Treatment duration was not moderated by presence of neck pain, presence of modifiers, or number of modifiers.

Conclusions
Physical therapy appears to be an effective intervention, regardless of time elapsed, presence or severity of neck pain, or presence or quantity of concussion modifiers.
A - 20 Connectivity between Default Mode and Salience Networks is Associated with Decreased Attention and Inhibitory Control
Authors: N Morelli , NF Johnson , KA Kaiser , RD Andreatta , DY Han , NR Heebner , MC Hoch 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine the association of default mode (DMN) and salience (SAL) network connectivity to executive function test performance. We hypothesized that intranetwork connectivity of the DMN and SAL would be uncorrelated to executive function, whereas increased internetwork connectivity would be associated with lower executive function.

Methods
Twelve physically active and healthy young adults (7 females, 5 males; age: 23.41 ± 2.74 years) were recruited for this study. Participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and three executive function tests administered through the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery. Demographically-corrected T-scores were calculated from the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (FICA), Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS), and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test (PCPS). The relationship between intra- and internetwork connectivity of the DMN and SAL networks and performance.

Results
Independently, the DMN and SAL networks demonstrated weak correlations to DCCS (SAL: r = 0.45, p = 0.14; DMN: r = 0.13, p = 0.69), FICA (SAL r = −0.10, p = 0.95; DMN: r = 0.31, p = 0.33), and PCPS (SAL r = 0.10, p = 0.79; DMN: r = 0.22, p = 0.50). However, connectivity between the SAL and DMN networks demonstrated a moderate correlation to FICA performance (r = −0.61, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Greater connectivity between the DMN and SAL networks demonstrated the strongest association to attention and inhibitory control performance in physically active, young adults. This relationship suggests greater connectivity of task-negative networks to task-positive networks may interfere with ongoing processing of visuospatial attention and inhibition. Future studies should examine this relationship in athletes who sustain a head injury.
A - 31 Competitiveness Drives Young University Students off the Couch
Authors: RE Wong , AM Webber , A Bergauer , N Dougall , MA Garcia-Barrera 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Purpose. Daily physical activity (PA) is effective in supporting cognitive and physical health. However, many Canadians do not meet the public health recommendation of at least 150 mins/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA. The current study examined individual differences in traits such as motivation (intrinsic-IM, extrinsic-EM), and competitiveness, as well as executive abilities (strategic planning; SP) in predicting physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Methods
Method. 102 university students ages 18 to 30 (M = 20.78 years; 74% female) were recruited from a mid-sized Canadian city. Using a formula that differentially weighted moderate and vigorous activity (measured with the International PA Questionnaire), we fit a linear model predicting PA within the past week by SP (Executive Function Index), IM and EM (Global Motivation Scale), and competitiveness (Revised Competitiveness Scale).

Results
Results. Only competitiveness predicted PA within the past week (β = 0.309, p = 0.001). Follow-up regressions indicated enjoyment of the activity being the most predictive component (β =0.231, p = 0.017). Both EM (β = 0.202, p = 0.015) and IM (β = −0.223, p = 0.012) predicted sedentary behaviour when accounting for competitiveness and demographics (age, gender).

Conclusions
Conclusions. Strategic planning and motivation did not predict exercise within the past week and therefore did not appear to serve as precursors to PA engagement in this university sample. Competitiveness, and in particular the enjoyment of the activity, significantly predicted exercise engagement; however, IM was negatively associated with sedentary behaviour, whereas EM was positively associated, suggesting motivational differences in sedentary behaviour but not physical exercise. Further research is required to account for individual differences in physical activity engagement.
A - 32 The Influence of Sport-Related Concussion History on Self-Reported and Objective Physical Functioning Following ACL Reconstruction
Authors: AJ Zynda , T Covassin , S Baez 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine differences in self-reported physical functioning via the Modified Disablement in the Physically Active Scale (mDPA) and single-leg hop limb symmetry index (LSI) between individuals with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and SRC compared to an ACLR group without history of SRC.

Methods
Forty participants [24 female; mean age = 24.3 +/− 4.1 years; height (cm) = 169.9 (SD = 9.1); weight (kg) = 73.2 (SD = 15.1)] with a history of ACLR (≥1-year post-operative) were separated into a SRC history group (SRC; n = 11) and no SRC history group (NO SRC; n = 29). Participants completed the mDPA physical summary component (mDPA-PSC) and hop testing (single-leg hop, crossover-hop, and triple-hop all for distance). SRC history was self-reported as yes/no and LSI was calculated using the equation: (mean distance involved limb/mean distance uninvolved limb) x 100. Mann–Whitney U tests (p &lt; 0.05) were used to examine between-group differences. Hedge’s g effect sizes (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to detect clinically meaningful differences.

Results
The SRC history group reported worse physical functioning on the mDPA-PSC compared to the no SRC history group [SRC = 10 (IQR = 13), NO SRC = 5 (IQR = 10), p = 0.02, ES = -0.79, 95%CI = -1.49 to −0.08]. No statistical differences were observed for the single-leg hop or triple-hop, but the SRC history group performed worse on the crossover-hop [SRC = 0.96 (IQR = 0.07), NO SRC = 1.02 (IQR = 0.10), p = 0.006, ES = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.03–1.43].

Conclusions
These results suggest that SRC history may negatively influence subjective evaluation of physical functioning and objective lower-extremity functional performance in patients after ACLR.
Mixed-Mode Hydrophilic Interactions/Reversed-Phase Retention Mechanism in Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Obradović Darija , Kowalska Teresa , Agbaba Danica 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We investigated the dual retention mechanism in thin-layer chromatography taking place on three stationary phases of different polarity (C-18, plain silica gel and DIOL) and using binary mobile phases composed of acetonitrile as the main component and water, or methanol as a modifier. As the test analytes, we selected a set of 12 compounds of pharmaceutical importance and considerably different chemical structure, i.e. the imidazoline and serotonin receptor ligands, and their related compounds. Retention of each analyte in each investigated chromatographic system was determined in a wide enough range of the mobile phase composition, with volume fraction of the mobile phase modifier ranging from 0.10 to 0.90. Calculation of the exact turning point values as a proof of occurrence of the reversed-phase hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC/RP) retention mechanism was based on the multimodal retention model. The dual retention mode was described with the use of the volume fraction of the mobile phase modifier, the total polarity and the total solubility models. For the DIOL, C-18 and silica gel stationary phase, the dual (HILIC/RP) retention mechanism was confirmed. In the case of the DIOL stationary phase and acetonitrile/methanol mobile phase, the observed retention mechanism was more complicated than the dual HILIC/RP one.
Neuraminidase 1 is a driver of experimental cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Chen Qian-Qian , Ma Gaoxiang , Liu Jin-Feng , Cai Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Jun-Yuan , Wei Ting-Ting , Pan An , Jiang Shujun , Xiao Yibei , Xiao Pingxi , Song Jiangping , Li Ping , Zhang Lei , Qi Lian-Wen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Despite considerable therapeutic advances, there is still a dearth of evidence on the molecular determinants of cardiac hypertrophy that culminate in heart failure. Neuraminidases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of terminal sialic acids from glycoproteins or glycolipids. This study sought to characterize the role of neuraminidases in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and identify pharmacological inhibitors targeting mammalian neuraminidases.

Methods and results
Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) was highly expressed in hypertrophic hearts of mice and rats, and this elevation was confirmed in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n = 7) compared with healthy controls (n = 7). The increased NEU1 was mainly localized in cardiomyocytes by co-localization with cardiac troponin T. Cardiomyocyte-specific NEU1 deficiency alleviated hypertrophic phenotypes in response to transverse aortic constriction or isoproterenol hydrochloride infusion, while NEU1 overexpression exacerbated the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase assays demonstrated that NEU1 translocated into the nucleus and interacted with GATA4, leading to Foetal gene (Nppa and Nppb) expression. Virtual screening and experimental validation identified a novel compound C-09 from millions of compounds that showed favourable binding affinity to human NEU1 (KD = 0.38 μM) and effectively prevented the development of cardiac remodelling in cellular and animal models. Interestingly, anti-influenza drugs zanamivir and oseltamivir effectively inhibited mammalian NEU1 and showed new indications of cardio-protection.

Conclusions
This work identifies NEU1 as a critical driver of cardiac hypertrophy and inhibition of NEU1 opens up an entirely new field of treatment for cardiovascular diseases.
Clinal genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in leaf phenology, growth and stem form in common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)
Authors: Rosique-Esplugas C , Cottrell J E , Cavers S , Whittet R , Ennos R A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity play a role in determining the performance of a tree provenance at a planting site. This paper explores their relative importance in determining growth, phenology and tree form in a broad geographic sample of 42 British provenances of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) grown at two contrasting trial sites. We found significant genetic differences for tree height, timing of leaf flushing and leaf senescence, and stem forking among the provenances. These followed a clear latitudinal and climatic cline, where the northern provenances were shorter, their leaves flushed later and senesced earlier than the southern provenances. Provenance explained a much larger proportion of the variance for spring phenology (63 per cent) than for autumn phenology (15 per cent). The effect of the planting site was contrasting between spring and autumn: spring phenology showed very little plasticity, while autumn phenology presented higher levels of phenotypic plasticity. This could indicate that for ash spring phenology is under stronger selective pressure. We found a correlation between tree height, leaf phenology and forking, with early flushing provenances tending to be taller and more forked, which could reflect repeated frost damage. The findings underline the complexity of predicting performance in novel environments and demonstrate that small gains in tree growth may be counteracted by detrimental effects on stem form, a key contributor to timber value, due to susceptibility to the contemporary environment.
Emergent Metachronal Waves using Tension-Driven, Fluid-Structure Interaction Models of Tomopterid Parapodia
Authors: Hoover Alexander P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metachronal waves are ubiquitous in propulsive and fluid transport systems across many different scales and morphologies in the biological world. Tomopterids are a soft-bodied, holopelagic polychaete that use metachrony with their flexible, gelatinous parapodia to deftly navigate the midwater ocean column that they inhabit. In the following study, we develop a three-dimensional, fluid–structure interaction model of a tomopterid parapodium to explore the emergent metachronal waves formed from the interplay of passive body elasticity, active muscular tension, and hydrodynamic forces. After introducing our model, we examine the effects that varying material properties have on the stroke of an individual parapodium. We then explore the temporal dynamics when multiple parapodia are placed sequentially and how differences in the phase can alter the collective kinematics and resulting flow field.
Neural network adaptive output regulation for non-linear uncertain systems with full-state constraints
Authors: Jia Fujin , Lu Junwei , Li Yongmin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the output regulation problem (ORP) of non-linear systems with full-state constraints (FSC). First, in order to deal with the ORP of non-linear systems with FSC, a radical constraint function is proposed to avoid the drawbacks of the barrier Lyapunov functions (BLF) and the logarithmic constraint functions. Then, a control algorithm is proposed based on neural network control method without using the backstepping method, so that all signals of the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB), and the tracking error converge to a small neighbourhood of the origin, and all states of the system can be constrained. Finally, a simulation example illustrates its effectiveness.