bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake Rate of Risk-reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy and Surgical Outcomes of Female Germline BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers: A Retrospective Cohort Study at a Tertiary Institutional Hospital in Korea
Authors: Lim Hyunji , Kim Se Ik , Hyun Sowoon , Lee Gwang Bin , Seol Aeran , Lee Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the uptake rate of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) and surgical outcomes of germline BRCA1/2 mutation carriers at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH). We examined records of 824 women who underwent germline BRCA1/2 gene testing at SNUH between 2005 and 2020. Among them, we identified women with a pathogenic mutation on either the BRCA1 or the BRCA2 gene and excluded ovarian cancer patients. Characteristics of participants who underwent RRSO (RRSO group) were compared to those who did not (non-RRSO group). Surgical outcomes and pathologic results were investigated in the RRSO group.Results: There were 117 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers included in this analysis. The uptake rate of RRSO was 70.1% (82/117). Older age (mean: 48.8 vs. 42.1 years; P = 0.002) and higher employment rate (65.9% vs. 14.3%; P < 0.001) were observed in the RRSO group than in the non-RRSO group. However, no differences in other factors such as personal and family history of breast cancer were observed between the two groups. In the RRSO group, the median time interval between the genetic test and RRSO was 10.0 months, and there were three (3.7%) incidental cases of high-grade serous carcinoma. However, one patient in the non-RRSO group developed primary peritoneal cancer after 103.8 months of surveillance.Conclusions: The uptake rate of RRSO in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers was about 70%. Considering incidental cancer cases in women without abnormal findings on preoperative evaluation, it would be recommended to perform RRSO soon after the genetic test.
SAT in P does not imply Chaos in the security system
Authors: Ruiz Juan Manuel Dato 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There are a large number of papers that claim that there are problems that once solved lead to an efficient solution of a wide range of problems, classified as NP. In this paper we will not only question the existence of this class of NP-co problems, but we will also explain their limitations in engineering and give a polynomial-time solution to SAT, one of these emblematic problems. The resolution will be so trivial that it will even be possible to practice it on paper.
The Influence of by-Products From Brewery Spent Grain Hydrolysis on Lactic Acid Fermentation Efficiency
Authors: Lech Magdalena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The brewery spent grain (BSG) is a lignocellulosic waste material produced in a huge amount around the world. Strict environmental protection law requires proper utilization. BSG can be transformed into easy-fermentable carbohydrates as a result of hydrolysis. This may be a low-cost raw material for biotechnological fermentation. The literature provides a lot of information that hydrolysis of lignocellulose creates by-products which can be potentially noxious to bacteria cells employed in fermentation. This research examined the influence of most of these by-products: furfural, acetic, formic, gallic, and levuilnic acid, on the LA fermentation effectiveness. These components were introduced to Lactobacillus cultures in various concentrations. The rate of cell growth, glucose consumption, and lactic acid production were measured. This components affects in various extent on LA formation in the culture. In any case, there is a critical value of them harms the fermentation, due to the reduced ability of bacteria propagation. Lower concentrations of bio-catalyst lead to an LA production efficiency drop. The LA concentrations in flasks after one day of propagation with the 2.1 [g/L] of appropriate inhibitor drop app. [%] 16 (F), 22 (GA), 8 (LevA), 40 (AA), and 100 (FA) in comparison to the flask without any inhibitor.
Sirtuin3 rs28365927 functional mutation confers to the high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese Han population
Authors: Chen Li-Jie , Guo Jing , Zhang Song-xia , Xu Ying , Zhao Qing , Zhang Wei , Xiao Jian , Chen Yao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial condition associated with aging, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, genetic factors and more. Although genetic traits are among the most important risks factors for NAFLD, the understanding of their influence is still quite limited. The present study aimed at identifying novel SNPs that may confer a risk for NAFLD in the Han Chinese population.
Methods

Based on the "two-hit hypothesis", candidate SNPs, including Sirtuin3 rs28365927, were genotyped by MassARRAY in B-type ultrasonography-proven NAFLD patients (n = 292) and healthy controls (n = 387).
Results

In a model analysis of individuals matched based on gender and age that compared 223 NAFLD and 223 non-NAFLD patients, the rs28365927 GA + AA genotype was a significant risk factor for the development of NAFLD in a dominant model. Rs28365927 was significantly associated with a higher NAFLD risk in both an additive model (A vs G) and genotypic model (GA vs GG). Among the NAFLD patients, serum levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), DBIL direct bilirubin (DBIL) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) in rs28365927 A allele carriers (GA + AA) were 11.1%, 14.7% and 41.5% higher, respectively, than in non-carriers (GG). Furthermore, among the NAFLD patients, the carriers of Rs28365927 allele A were positively correlated with higher ALT levels.
Conclusion

Sirtuin3 rs28365927 is an independent risk factor for NAFLD in the Han Chinese population.
Biomechanical Study of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screws in Intervertebral Fixation of Lumbar Tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang Chen-Wei , Shi Shi-Yuan , Hu De-Xin , Hu Shen-Ping , Hu Jin-Ping , Zhang Peng , Xu Rui , Fei Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to explore the biomechanical stability and advantages of cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws in the treatment of lumbar spine tuberculosis and provide biomechanical basis for the choice of clinical fixation methods. Methods16 pig spine specimens (T12-L5) were selected to simulate the lumbar spine(L2-L3) tuberculosis bone destruction model in vitro. The 16 specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups, and short segments (pedicle screws of the diseased vertebrae) were assigned respectively. Fixation (group A), short-segment fixation (group B), fixation with pedicle screw (group C), fixation with CBT screw (group D), 4 specimens in each group , Each specimen in each group was subjected to biomechanical testing in the state of complete specimen (state 1) and L2-3 spinal tuberculosis model bone graft fusion and internal fixation (state 2). Load each specimen on the spine 3D exercise machine, respectively apply moments of 2N·m, 2.5N·m, 1N·m, 3N·m, meanwhile record the movement of the specimens in the four directions of flexion，extension，lateral bending and torsion ROM, compare Simultaneously analyze each group of ROM. ResultsThe ROMs of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion in group A in state 1 and state 3 modes were （8.47±1.76）°、 （7.01±1.10）°、 （5.03±0.92）°、 （4.48±0.41）°and （4.78±0.07）°、 （2.91±0.16）°、 （2.66±0.09）°、 （2.23±0.05）°; the ROMs of flexion, extension, lateral bending and torsion in group B in state 1 and state 3 modes were （7.32±0.75）°、 （5.35±0.69）°、 （3.44±0.51）°、 （3.36±1.02）°and（3.51±0.29）°、 （1.74±0.04）°、 （1.53±0.31）°、 （1.23±0.08）°; The ROMs of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion in group C in state 1 and state 3 modes were （10.01±0.39）°、 （9.05±0.25）°、 （7.42±1.06）°、 （6.92±1.15）°and （7.21±0.17）°、 （5.07±0.02）°、 （5.12±0.74）°、 （4.58±0.01）°; The ROMs of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion in group D in state 1 and state 3 modes were （9.20±1.37）°、 （7.38±0.88）°、 （6.89±1.22）°、 （6.00±0.52）°and （6.06±0.16）°、 （3.99±0.02）°、 （3.85±0.08）°、 （3.47±0.10）°. The ROM value of each fixed mode group under the state of bone graft fusion and internal fixation was lower than that of the intact state, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05)，The t values are 4.531, 5.346, 6.008, 4.149; 9.481, 16.181, 11.814, 4.769; 4.349, 8.002, 4.473, 4.800; 5.041, 4.146, 12.232, 10.58. Conclusion﻿CBT screw disease intervertebral fixation can not only provide sufficient mechanical stability, but also provide stronger stability when using the same fixed segment, and The fixed segments are minimized.
Evaluation of miRNA Expression in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells: a Comparison Between Normoxia and Hypoxia Microenvironment
Authors: Macharia Lucy Wanjiku , Muriithi Wanjiru , Nyaga Dennis Kirii , Coelho-Aguiar Juliana de Mattos , Spohr Tania Cristina Leite de Sampaio e , Neto Vivaldo Moura 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and incurable brain tumors whose progression is driven in part by a small sub population of cells termed as glioblastoma stem cells responsible for the tumor’s low therapy efficacy. Hypoxia, a common phenomenon in glioblastoma also promotes the maintenance and the expansion of the stem cell population whose survival is aided by miRNAs. Methods: GBM stem-like cells cultures were isolated and the relationship between the microenvironments and the in vitro “stemness” of the cells was investigated by evaluating the expression of miRNAs and selected genes. Results: We found miR-128a-3p, 34-5p and 181a-3p to be down-regulated while miR-17-5p and miR-221-3p to be up-regulated in the stem-like cells. When a comparison was made between the stem-like cells cultured under normoxia and hypoxia, a fold down-regulation difference of 3.5 to 5, 2 to 5 and 2 to 4 for miR-34-5p, 128a-3p and 181a-3p was observed respectively and a fold upreulation of 3.5 to 4 and 2.5 to 4 was observed for miR-221-3p and 17-5p respectively. There was an increased expression of HIF-1/2, SOX2, OCT4, VEGF, GLUT-1, BCL2 and survivin under hypoxia. Conclusion: Hypoxia enhanced the expression of several tumor stem cell signature genes, involved in the regulation of stemness, metabolism, angiogenesis and anti-apoptotic property. Most importantly, the miRNA dysregulation in the stem-like cell population adds another layer of gene expression associated with gliomagenesis and maintenance of CSC pointing to new signaling mechanisms whose disruption can be used to successfully target this crucial subpopulation.
Modeling and Design of Mott Selector for ReRAM Based Non-Volatile Memory Cell in Crossbar Architecture
Authors: Farjadian Mohammadreza , Shalchian Majid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, we developed a model for a non-volatile memory cell, based on the electrical model for TiOX/HfOx ReRAM cell and the hybrid electro-thermal model of VO2 Mott selector developed recently by our team. Both models are calibrated and validated with experimental data, and the operating characteristics of one-selector-one-ReRAM (1S1R) memory cell are studied. The length of the selector layer is varied as a design parameter to meet the design requirements for proper read, write and erase operations. Simulation results suggest that modified selector cell with 60 nm length of VO2 layer meets all the requirements for proper operations with the cell write voltage of 1.6 V and erase voltage of 2.5 V. The access time for this structure is studied by benchmarking with experimental data and is estimated to be less than 10.5 ns for write operating and less than 16ns for the erase operation.
Self-Isolation Negatively Impacts Self-Management of Diabetes During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Pardhan Shahina , Islam Md. Saiful , López-Sánchez Guillermo F. , Upadhyaya Tirthalal , Sapkota Raju 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background/Aim: People with diabetes are at a greater risk of serious complications from Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Self-management of diabetes is therefore of paramount importance. The purpose of this study is to compare self-management of diabetes pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 679 participants with diabetes completed an online structured questionnaire. Outcome variables that were analysed were: (i) fluctuation of blood glucose levels, (ii) access to diabetes medicine, (iii) access to healthy diet, and (iv) physical activity. Adjusted multiple regression analysis ascertained significant associations for each outcome variable against exposure variables such as demographics (age/gender), history of diabetes (duration, treatment, and complications) and the need for self-isolation. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that self-isolation was significantly associated with greater fluctuation in blood glucose levels (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.2-2.6, p=0.005), worsened access to diabetes medicine (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.1-3.1, p=0.02) and reduced access to healthy diet (OR=3.0, 95% CI= 2.0-4.6, p<0.001). Fluctuating blood glucose was also significantly associated with having at least one complication of diabetes (OR=2.2, 95 % CI=1.2-3.9, p=0.008) and worsened access to diabetes medicine was significantly higher in people who were on insulin (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.3-3.3, p=0.001). Conclusions: Self-isolation impacted various factors that influence self-management of diabetes. A targeted approach to improved access to diabetes medicine and healthy diet for people needing to self-isolate is vital in order to ensure that they are able to self-manage their diabetes effectively.
Impact of Thoracic Trauma on the Mortality of Multi-trauma Patients: It Matters - Results From a French Road Trauma Registry 1997-2016
Authors: Benhamed Axel , Ndiaye Amina , Lieutaud Thomas , Douplat Marion , Gossiome Amaury , Laumon Bernard , Gadegbeku Blandine , Tazarourte Karim 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThoracic trauma is the third most common cause of death in multi-trauma patients and is associated with poor short-term outcomes since it is responsible for up to 25% of trauma-related deaths. One of the most frequent mechanism is road traffic accident (RTA), affecting particularly young patients. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of severe injuries in each body region on the mortality of multi-trauma patients with a particular attention to thoracic trauma. Secondary objectives were to investigate risk factors for mortality in multi-trauma patients but also to describe the epidemiology and injury pattern of these patients when presenting with at least one abbreviated injury scale (AIS) ≥2 thoracic injury (AISThorax≥2).MethodsRetrospective study that included RTA occurring from January 1997 to December 2016. Patients of all ages included in the Rhône RTA registry, with at least one AIS ≥2 injury in any body region were included. Two subgroups were defined according to whether patients presented at least one AISThorax≥2 injury or not. Multivariate regression analysis with mortality as outcome was performed. ResultsA total of 46,526 patients had at least one AIS≥2 injury, among them 6,382 (13.7%) had at least one AISThorax≥2 injury. In the AISThorax≥2 group, the median [IQR] ISS was 14 [6-7] and 16.2% (n=1,031) patients died. Severe (AIS≥3) head (OR=26.8, 95%CI [20.4;35.2]) and thoracic (OR=12.2, 95%CI [8.4;17.7]) injuries were associated with death; as was age [40-59 years (OR=1.3, 95%CI [1.1;1.5]), 60-79 years (OR=2.1, 95%CI [1.7;2.6]), and ≥80 years (OR=5.5, 95%CI [4.2;7.3])], male sex (OR=1.5, 95%CI [1.3;1.7]), RTA occurring in a highway (OR=1.9, 95%CI [1.5;2.4]) or in a rural road (OR=1.8, 95%CI [1.5;2.1]). The most frequent thoracic injury was that of the chest wall (62.1%, n=5,419). The most frequent concomitant AIS≥2 injuries affected the head (29.1%), upper extremities (26.8%), and lower extremities (25.8%).ConclusionsThe present study found that the severity of thoracic trauma was an independent and significant risk factor for death in multi-trauma patients as was age, being a car occupant and having a crash in a rural road or a highway.
Frequency and Risk Factors of Narrow Angles in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Owaifeer Adi Mohammed Al , AlObaida Ibrahim , Alzuhairy Sultan , Raheman Syed J , Aljasim Leyla , Edward Deepak P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose To determine the frequency and risk factors of narrow angles in pseudoexfoliation (PXF) patients.Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted during the period from March 2017 to December 2020. Adult patients (above 40 years) presenting with PXF were consecutively enrolled (study group). Cases were matched with individuals above 40 years presenting to a comprehensive ophthalmology clinic without evidence of PXF (control group).Results We enrolled 196 PXF patients and 98 controls. The occurrence of narrow angles was 25% in the PXF group and 5.1% in the control group (P = 0.0001). Compared to controls, PXF patients were older (72.6 ± 9.6 vs. 64.4 ± 8.5, P < 0.0001) and had a lower mean ACD (2.79 ± 0.4 vs. 3.05 ± 0.4, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in AL measurements between both groups (23.3 ± 1.4 vs. 23.7 ± 1.0, P = 0.0714). After stratification by age group and gender, the risk of narrow angles was higher in PXF patients above 60 years (OR, 5.71; 95% CI, 1.01-32.27; P, 0.048). There was no gender difference in the risk of developing narrow angles. Conclusion Narrow angles are more frequently encountered in PXF patients compared to controls. Advanced age (> 60 years) is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of developing narrow angles.
Spatial Distribution and Regional Difference of Carbon Emissions Efficiency of Industrial Energy in China
Authors: Liu Fang , Tang Lu , Liao Kaicheng , Ruan Lijuan , Liu Pingsheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The three-stage super-efficiency slack-based measure and data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model with undesirable outputs is used to calculate carbon emissions efficiency of industrial energy (CEEIE) of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017. Then ArcGIS software is used to illustrate the spatial distribution of CEEIE, and Dagum Gini ratio is calculated to decompose the regional difference. The results show that the spatial distribution of CEEIE changes from disorder to order and provinces characterized with high or low CEEIE cluster in space over time. The total Dagum Gini coefficient indicates that the provincial difference in CEEIE across China is gradually expanding, which is mainly induced by the difference between regions. Our findings attach more importance to regional integration policies for carbon emissions reduction in China.
Identification of biomarker in brain-specific gene regulatory network using structural controllability analysis
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Chen Siyuan , Qiang Xiaoli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Brain tumor research has been stapled for human health while brain network research is crucial for us to understand brain activity. Methods: Here the structural controllability theory is applied to study three human brain-specific gene regulatory networks, including forebrain gene regulatory network, hindbrain gene regulatory network and neuron associated cells cancer related gene regulatory network, hose nodes are neural genes and the edges represent the gene expression regulation among the genes. The nodes are classified into two classes: critical nodes and ordinary nodes, based on the change of the number of driver nodes upon its removal. Eight topological properties out-degree DO, in-degree DI, degree D, betweenness B, closeness CA, in-closeness CI, out-closeness CO and clustering coefficient CC) are calculated in this paper and the results prove that the critical genes have higher score of topological properties than the ordinary genes. Then two bioinformatic analysis are used to explore the biologic significance of the critical genes. Results: On the one hand, the enrichment scores in several kinds of gene databases are calculated and reveal that the critical nodes are richer in essential genes, cancer genes and the neuron related disease genes than the ordinary nodes, which indicates that the critical nodes may be the biomarker in brain-specific gene regulatory network. On the other hand, GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis are applied on them and the results show that the critical genes mainly take part in 14 KEGG pathways that are transcriptional misregulation in cancer, pathways in cancer and so on, which indicates that the critical genes are related to the brain tumor. Finally, by deleting the edges or routines in the network, the robustness analysis of node classification is realized, and the robustness of node classification is proved. Conclusion: The comparison of neuron associated cells cancer related GRN and normal brain-specific GRNs (including forebrain and hindbrain GRN) shows that the neuron-related cell cancer-related gene regulatory network is more robust than other types.
Metformin versus sulphonylureas for new onset atrial fibrillation and stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study
Authors: Zhou Jiandong , Zhang Guoming , Chang Carlin , Chou Oscar Hou In , Lee Sharen , Leung Keith Sai Kit , Wong Wing Tak , Liu Tong , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Cheng Shuk Han , Zhang Qingpeng , Tse Gary 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

To compare the rates of incident atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality between metformin and sulphonylurea users in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving either sulphonylurea or metformin monotherapy between January 1 st , 2000 and December 31 st , 2019. The primary outcome was new-onset AF or stroke. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching (1:2 ratio) between sulphonylurea and metformin users was performed, based on demographics, CHA-DS-VASc score, Charlson comorbidity index, past comorbidities, and medication use. Cox regression was used to identify significant risk factors. Competing risk analysis was conducted using cause-specific and subdistribution hazard models. Sensitivity analysis using propensity score stratification, high dimensional propensity score and inverse probability of treatment weighting were conducted.

Results

A total of 36228 sulphonylurea users and 72456 metformin users were included in the propensity score-matched cohort. Multivariable Cox regression showed that sulphonylurea users had higher risks of incident AF (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.75-2.77; P<0.0001), stroke (HR: 3.23, 95% CI: 3.01-3.45; P<0.0001), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.60, 95% CI: 2.62-4.81; P<0.0001), and all-cause mortality (HR: 4.35, 95% CI: 3.16-4.75; P<0.0001) compared to metformin users. Similarly significant results were observed using cause-specific and subdistribution hazard models. Sensitvity analysis using other propensity score techniques also yielded higher risks in sulphonylurea users.

Conclusions

Sulphonylurea use was associated with higher risks of incident AF, stroke, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality compared to metformin.