bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education and training policies for research integrity: Insights from a focus group study
Authors: Labib Krishma , Evans Natalie , Roje Rea , Kavouras Panagiotis , Reyes Elizondo Andrea , Kaltenbrunner Wolfgang , Buljan Ivan , Ravn Tine , Widdershoven Guy , Bouter Lex , Charitidis Costas , Sørensen Mads P , Tijdink Joeri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEducation is important for fostering research integrity (RI). Although RI training is increasingly provided, there is little knowledge on how research stakeholders view institutional RI education and training policies. Following a constructivist approach, we present insights about research stakeholders’ views and experiences regarding how research institutions can develop and implement RI education and training policies. We conducted thirty focus groups, engaging 147 participants in eight European countries. Using a mixed deductive-inductive thematic analysis, we identified five themes: (1) RI education should be available to all; (2) education and training approaches and goals should be tailored; (3) motivating trainees is essential; (4) both formal and informal educational formats are necessary; and (5) institutions should take into account various individual, institutional, and system-of-science factors when implementing RI education. Our findings suggest that institutions should make RI education attractive for all and tailor training to disciplinary-specific contexts.
Deconstructing impact: A framework for impact evaluation in grant applications
Authors: Ma Lai , Agnew Rachael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Impact assessments in grant applications can be biased, random, or inconsistent. One reason is that there is not a framework to assist the review process. To develop fair and transparent evaluative criteria, it is necessary to understand what kinds of outcome and impact can reasonably be achieved and expected. Using content analysis, 100 UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 impact case studies were analysed based on the definition of the output, outcome, and impact in the logic model. The analysis shows that (1) outcomes and medium-term impacts, not long-term impacts, are reported in the case studies, (2) impacts can be categorised as use and experience based, and (3) there is a need to recognise the creation and co-creation of impacts. A framework for impact evaluation in grant applications has been developed. In this framework, the criteria for evaluating impact statements focus on process-oriented impacts and that ‘impacts’ can be outputs, outcomes, and medium-term impacts.
New concepts for the pathogenesis and management of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Sehanobish Esha , Asad Mohammad , Jerschow Elina 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and an update on its management.

Recent findings
Elevated levels of 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-Oxo-ETE), a newly described metabolite of arachidonic acid, have been identified in nasal polyps of AERD patients. In nasal polyps, activated basophils, and interleukin-5 -receptor-α-positive IL-5Rα+ plasma cells are associated with more severe nasal polyposis in AERD. Alveolar monocyte-derived macrophages and their persistent proinflammatory activation were suggested as putative factors contributing to AERD. Although not AERD-specific, three biological agents are now available for the management of both nasal polyposis and asthma.

Summary
A newly downstream product of 15-lipoxygenase, 15-Oxo-ETE, was recently found to be significantly elevated in nasal polyps from AERD patients. This eicosanoid metabolite likely originates from an interplay between epithelial cells and mast cells. Nasal polyp basophils, IL-5Rα+ plasma cells, and alveolar macrophages were identified as important contributors to inflammation in AERD. Besides traditional aspirin desensitization and treatment for AERD management, several biologics for treatment of asthma are available, including three that have been approved for nasal polyposis. These biologic agents show variable rates of success in controlling AERD symptoms.
Use of Bedside Entertainment and Relaxation Theater (BERT) to Reduce Fear and Anxiety Associated With Outpatient Procedures in Pediatric Orthopaedics
Authors: Richey Ann E. , Khoury Michael , Segovia Nicole A. , Hastings Katherine G. , Caruso Thomas J. , Frick Steven , Rodriguez Samuel 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Bedside Entertainment and Relaxation Theater (BERT) on fear, anxiety, and pain outcomes in pediatric orthopaedic patients associated with cast removal and/or pin removal in the outpatient clinic setting.

Methods:
A total of 66 pediatric patients between the ages of 2 and 6 undergoing clinic procedures were recruited for this study and randomized into the control group or the intervention (BERT) group. Patients in the control group received standard of care during the cast room procedure; patients in the BERT group were given headphones and watched a movie on a projector during the procedure. Fear, anxiety, and pain were measured before and after the procedure. Procedures included cast removal, pin removal, or a combination of the 2.

Results:
Patients in the BERT group reported less fear and anxiety overall after the procedure than patients in the control group (P=0.009, 0.015). Adjusting for procedure type (ie, pin removal), patients in the BERT group reported a 0.67 point decrease (95% confidence interval: 0.04, 1.30) on the fear scale after the procedure (P=0.039) and a 1.81 point decrease (95% confidence interval: 0.04, 3.59) on the anxiety scale associated with the procedure (P=0.045), compared with the control group. Patients and caregivers reported high satisfaction with BERT.

Conclusion:
This randomized, controlled trial demonstrates an evidence-based distraction tool that can be implemented across medical centers for pediatric patients undergoing office based orthopaedic procedures. BERT can be used to reduce fear and anxiety associated with these procedures, and increase patient and parent satisfaction.

Level of Evidence:
Level I.
Ambient temperature and stillbirth risks in northern Sweden, 1880–1950
Authors: Karlsson Lena , Junkka Johan , Lundevaller Erling Häggström , Schumann Barbara 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Climate vulnerability of the unborn can contribute to adverse birth outcomes, in particular, but it is still not well understood. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and stillbirth risk among a historical population in northern Sweden (1880–1950).

Methods:
We used digitized parish records and daily temperature data from the study region covering coastal and inland communities some 600 km north of Stockholm, Sweden. The data included 141,880 births, and 3,217 stillbirths, corresponding to a stillbirth rate of 22.7 (1880–1950). The association between lagged temperature (0–7 days before birth) and stillbirths was estimated using a time-stratified case-crossover design. Incidence risk ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals were computed, and stratified by season and sex.

Results:
We observed that the stillbirth risk increased both at low and high temperatures during the extended summer season (April to September), at −10°C, and the IRR was 2.3 (CI 1.28, 4.00) compared to the minimum mortality temperature of +15°C. No clear effect of temperature during the extended winter season (October to March) was found. Climate vulnerability was greater among the male fetus compared to the female counterparts.

Conclusion:
In this subarctic setting before and during industrialization, both heat and cold during the warmer season increased the stillbirth risk. Urbanization and socio-economic development might have contributed to an uneven decline in climate vulnerability of the unborn.
The Impact of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on Immediate Implant-based Breast Reconstruction Surgical and Satisfaction Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zugasti Ania , Hontanilla Bernardo 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Adjuvant radiotherapy could be a necessary step in the oncological treatment for breast cancer. However, radiotherapy may have negative effects on implant-based immediate breast reconstruction. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of adjuvant radiation therapy on surgical results and patient-reported satisfaction outcomes in women undergoing immediate implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods:
A systematic search in PubMed was conducted on September 2019 and updated on April 2021. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Observational Studies. RevMan 5 was used for statistical analysis. We obtained relative risks to determine the complication incidence and mean differences for 2-year BREAST-Q scores.

Results:
Fourteen studies were included. A total of 11,958 implant-based immediate reconstructions were performed, 2311 received postmastectomy radiation therapy, and 9647 were considered as control group. Surgical complications, reoperation rates, and reconstruction failure were significantly higher among irradiated breasts. Significantly lower BREAST-Q scores were reported by irradiated women receiving radiotherapy.

Conclusions:
This systematic review and meta-analysis combines reconstruction complication rates with aesthetic and patient-reported satisfaction outcomes. Adjuvant radiotherapy is consistently associated with greater complication rates and poorer aesthetic and satisfaction outcomes. The magnitude of association is significantly lower when the reconstruction is based on autologous tissues.
Office-Based Rapid Diagnosis and Management of External Ophthalmomyiasis Via Smartphone-Aided Innovative Tools in an Under-Resourced Setting
Authors: Chandrakanth Prithvi , Gosalia Hirika , Verghese Shishir , Menon C.K. Sunitha , Rammohan Ram , Narendran Kalpana , Narendran Venkatapathy 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the use of smartphone-based innovative tools named Anterior segment photography with intraocular lens (ASPI) and smartphone based intraocular lens microscope (IOLSCOPE) to demonstrate, treat, and diagnose the patients of ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis.

Methods:
A retrospective interventional case series of six patients infested with O. ovis presenting in a rural health center with symptoms of burning, itching, watering, and foreign body sensation diagnosed with ophthalmomyiasis. Diagnosis and treatment were performed using an innovative imaging technique that is, an optical system formed by intraocular lens (IOL) and smartphone.

Results:
The smartphone-based ASPI clearly detected and removed the moving larvae from the ocular surface, followed by microbiological diagnosis of O.ovis larvae with the help of an IOLSCOPE.

Conclusion:
The importance of ASPI and IOLSCOPE for the management of ophthalmomyiasis in peripheral health centers devoid of slitlamp and microscopes has been emphasized here.
Severe Corneal Edema Increases ECL From Grafts After DSAEK—Corneal Edema and ECL After DSAEK
Authors: Gu Shaofeng , Peng Rongmei , Xiao Gege , Hong Jing 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To determine the relationship between the preoperative degree of corneal edema in the recipient and the endothelial cell density in grafts after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods:
This retrospective case series enrolled 111 eyes of 107 patients who underwent DSAEK. The preoperative and postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by anterior-segment optical coherence tomography. Eyes were divided into three groups according to the preoperative recipient CCT: group A (mild edema): 550 μm<CCT≤750 μm, n=38; group B (moderate edema): 750 μm<CCT≤900 μm, n=51; and group C (severe edema): 900 μm<CCT≤1,500 μm, n=22. The endothelial cell loss (ECL) was calculated by in vivo confocal microscopy and compared at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.

Results:
The recipient CCT (all groups combined) was 805.99±132.70 μm preoperatively and decreased to 656.31±105.02 μm at 1 month, decreased to 626.08±81.40 μm at 6 months, and remained stable between 12 (P=0.144) and 24 months (P=0.485) postoperatively. The mean ECL was 27.34±15.43%, 33.56±17.13%, 39.18±16.71%, and 45.87±14.27% at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The percentage of ECL in group C was higher than that in the other 2 groups through the 24-month follow-up. The difference in ECL between groups A and C was significant at 24 months (group A: 42.45±14.47%; group C: 52.49±10.65%; P=0.019).

Conclusions:
The degree of corneal edema in the recipient was associated with implant ECL. Compared with mild and moderate corneal edema, the severe corneal edema may cause greater ECL after DSAEK.
Reinfection and Breakthrough Infection of SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Challenge That Is Threatening Our World
Authors: Gao Lin , Mu Xiuying , Jiao Yan-Mei , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has threatened humans for more than one and a half years. In particular, viral mutation like delta strain has led to third- or fourth-wave transmission among the countries in Asia, Europe, and North America. Although large-scale vaccination has been carried out in many countries, the incidence of reinfection and vaccine-past breakthrough infection is becoming an emerging challenge to humans worldwide. The related mechanisms underlying the reinfection and breakthrough infection remain unknown. In this review, we summarized the challenge and related reasons for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection and breakthrough infection. Simultaneously, we addressed some critical contents of the study in future.
Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Mowla Mohammad Rafiqul , Manchur Mohammed Abul , Islam A Q M Serajul , Maurer Toby 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Skin diseases are common and striking features of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and may vary considerably by ethnic and geographic regions and by the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, little information exists regarding the cutaneous manifestations of patients with HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh. This study was performed to elucidate the spectrum of cutaneous disorders in patients with HIV/AIDS in the era of HAART.

Materials:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from January 2017 and December 2020. Diagnosed case of HIV/AIDS for HAART therapy and all cases of HIV/AIDS who are already on HAART therapy were included in this study. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out by using frequencies and percentages.

Results:
Of 40 patients with HIV/AIDS, 22 (55.0%) were male and 18 (45.0%) were female. The patients ranged in age from 8 to 60years, with a mean age of 38 ± 0.966years. Among all age groups, the highest 19 (47.5%) patients were in the 31- to 40-year age group. Most of the patients were migrant workers [22/40 (55.0%)] with low socioeconomic status [32/40 (80.0%)], and the most common transmission mode was heterosexual activity [36/40 (90.0%)]. Most of the patients [32/40 (80.0%)] had mucocutaneous disorders, 30/40 (75.0%) had infective dermatoses, and 21/40 (52.5%) had non-infective inflammatory dermatoses. Eight of forty (20.0%) patients presented with three or more skin disorders. The most common infective dermatoses were fungal infections [15/40 (37.5%)], followed by viral infections [8/40 (20.0%)], bacterial infections [4/40 (10.0%)], and scabies [3/40 (7.5%)]. The most common noninfective dermatosis was generalized pruritus [6/40 (15.0%)], followed by prurigo simplex [4/40 (10.0%)], psoriasis [4/40 (10.0%)], eczema [3/40 (7.5%)], pruritic papular eruption [1/40 (2.5%)], seborrheic dermatitis [1/40 (2.5%)], urticaria [1/40 (2.5%)], and xerosis [1/40 (2.5%)]. Patients treated with HAART had decreased rates of oral candidiasis and herpes simplex but increased rates of drug reactions [19/40 (47.5%)]. The most common drug eruption following HAART was a morbilliform rash [11/40 (27.5%)], and the most common offending agent was nevirapine. The prevalence of mucocutaneous disorders was higher in patients with a CD4 cell count of <200cells/mm3.

Conclusions:
A wide range of mucocutaneous disorders is observed in Bangladeshi patients with HIV/AIDS, and HAART has an impact on the spectrum of HIV/AIDS-associated mucocutaneous disorders. Skin and mucocutaneous disorders are seen at every stage of HIV/AIDS and are the initial presentation in most patients in Bangladesh. There is a need for increased attention to the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases affecting the quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS.
Fucosyltransferase 2 Mutations Are Associated With a Favorable Clinical Course in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Battat Robert , Qatomah Abdulrahman , Kopylov Uri , Wyse Jonathan , Cohen Albert , Afif Waqqas , Lakatos Peter L. , Seidman Ernest , Bitton Alain , Bessissow Talat 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) participates in intestinal antigen secretion and bacterial adherence. FUT2 homozygous nonsense mutations (FUT2M) and subsequent nonsecretor status is associated with Crohn’s disease (CD). The common null allele is rs601338. We assessed the relationship between FUT2M and disease course.

Methods:
In consecutive adult CD outpatients, clinical, biochemical, and genetic data were collected at baseline visits. Patients were longitudinally followed over 5 years. The primary outcome analyzed the relationship between FUT2M and rates of CD patients in persistent steroid-free clinical remission requiring neither surgery, biologics, nor immunomodulators.

Results:
Sixty-two CD patients were recruited. FUT2M homozygotes (rs601338 or any mutation in linkage disequilibrium) were detected in 27% of CD (17/62). Patients with rs601338 mutations had higher rates of the primary outcome (homozygous: 46.6%, heterozygous: 28.0%, wild-type: 5.3%, P=0.02). Similar findings existed for CD patients with homozygous mutations in any single-nucleotide polymorphism for FUT2 (homozygous: 41.2%, heterozygous: 25.9%, wild-type: 5.6%, P=0.04). On multivariable analysis, rs601338 mutation was associated with the primary outcome (odds ratio=3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-8.7, P=0.01), while other parameters were not. Mutation of rs601338 was associated with lower rates of penetrating disease (homozygous: 13.3%, heterozygous: 28.0%, wild-type: 52.6%, P=0.05) and particularly in high-risk patients (homozygous: 0%, heterozygous: 37.5%, wild-type: 83.3%, P=0.01).

Conclusions:
FUT2 mutation status is associated with a favorable clinical course in CD. Further confirmatory studies are needed.
Long-term moderate to severe complications of COVID-19 infection since 2019 to date
Authors: Ata Fateen , Iqbal Phool , Choudry Hassan , Muthanna Bassam , Younas Hafiz Waqas , Tabar Osama Said Abu , Fadah Kahtan , Sharma Rohit , Elazzazy Shereen , Hamad Anas , Omer Nabil E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the long-term complications in patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methods:
We will perform a meta-analysis and will search multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library) with predefined search terms to identify eligible articles. Eligible studies should report long-term complications of COVID-19 infection worldwide. Case reports, case series, observational studies with cross-sectional or prospective research design, case-control studies, and experimental studies will be included. Study quality will be evaluated by two reviewers independently using the statistical methodology and categories guided by the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and PRISMA guidelines.

Results:
This study will explore and integrate the evidence available on the long-term complications of COVID-19 infection in various organ systems.

Conclusion:
By acquiring and statistically analyzing the data about these complications, this study will generate an extensive knowledge on the topic for a better management of the post pandemic healthcare related to COVID-19.
Focal myopathy following local glucocorticoid injection
Authors: Yin Zhaoxu , Qin Jiangbo , Guo Junhong , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Few cases of local subcutaneous atrophy after corticosteroid injection have been described previously. Here, we report 2 patients who had weakness of hip extension and atrophy of the gluteus maximus after several intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide injections in the buttocks.

Patient concerns:
A 50-year-old woman presented with hand eczema and received biweekly intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide injections in the gluteus maximus. After 12 weeks, she experienced difficulty getting up from the armchair and walking upstairs, and noted asymptomatic, oval, gently sloped depressions of the bilateral hips around the injection sites. The other patient was a 45-year-old woman with a medical history of allergic rhinitis. One and a half years before admission, she received weekly intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide injections in the gluteus maximus for 4 weeks for seasonal allergic rhinitis allergic attacks. Six months before admission, she noted depressions in the bilateral hips around the injection sites.

Diagnosis:
Physical examination of both patients showed normal muscle strength, except for bilateral hip extension. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh revealed atrophy and fatty infiltration of the bilateral gluteus maximus.

Interventions:
The 2 patients started rehabilitation therapy.

Outcomes:
Six months later, their weakness and atrophy remained unchanged.

Conclusions:
The patients in this case report had weakness and atrophy secondary to the use of triamcinolone acetonide. Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy chiefly affects limb-girdle muscles, the focal form of which needs to be recognized.