bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goat Milk Exosomes As Natural Nanoparticles for Detecting Inflammatory Processes By Optical Imaging
Authors: Santos‐Coquillat Ana , González María Isabel , Clemente‐Moragón Agustín , González‐Arjona Mario , Albaladejo‐García Virginia , Peinado Héctor , Muñoz Javier , Ximénez Embún Pilar , Ibañez Borja , Oliver Eduardo , Desco Manuel , Salinas Beatriz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExosomes are cell‐derived nanovesicles with a proven intercellular signaling role in inflammation processes and immune response. Due to their natural origin and liposome‐like structure, these nanometer‐scale vesicles have emerged as novel platforms for therapy and diagnosis. In this work, goat milk exosomes are isolated and fully characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties, proteomics, and biochemical profile in healthy mice, and used to detect inflammatory processes by optical imaging. For the in vitro and in vivo experiments, the exosomes are covalently labeled with the commercial fluorophores sulfo‐Cyanine 5 and BODIPY‐FL to create nanoprobes. In vitro studies using confocal imaging, flow cytometry, and colorimetric assays confirm the internalization of the nanoprobes as well their lack of cytotoxicity in macrophage populations RAW 264.7. Optical imaging in the mouse peritoneal region confirms the in vivo ability of one of the nanoprobes to localize inflammatory processes. In vivo imaging shows exosome uptake in the inflamed peritoneal region, and flow‐cytometric analysis of peritonitis exudates confirms the uptake by macrophage and neutrophil populations. These results support the promising use of goat milk exosomes as natural probes in the detection of inflammatory processes.
NIR/MRI‐Guided Oxygen‐Independent Carrier‐Free Anti‐Tumor Nano‐Theranostics
Authors: Gao Di , Shi Yupeng , Ni Jiahua , Chen Shuojia , Wang Ying , Zhao Bin , Song Manli , Guo Xiaoqing , Ren Xuechun , Zhang Xingcai , Tian Zhongmin , Yang Zhe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImaging‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment are beneficial for precise localization of the malignant lesions and combination of multiple cell killing mechanisms in eradicating stubborn thermal‐resistant cancer cells. However, overcoming the adverse impact of tumor hypoxia on PDT efficacy remains a challenge. Here, carrier‐free nano‐theranostic agents are developed (AIBME@IR780‐APM NPs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided synergistic PTT/thermodynamic therapy (TDT). Two IR780 derivatives are synthesized as the subject of nanomedicine to confer the advantages for the nanomedicine, which are by feat of amphiphilic IR780‐PEG to enhance the sterical stability and reduce the risk from reticuloendothelial system uptake, and IR780‐ATU to chelate Mn2+ for T1‐weighted MRI. Dimethyl 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylpropionate) (AIBME), acting as thermally decomposable radical initiators, are further introduced into nanosystems with the purpose of generating highly cytotoxic alkyl radicals upon PTT launched by IR780 under 808 nm laser irradiation. Therefore, the sequentially generated heat and alkyl radicals synergistically induce cell death via synergistic PTT/TDT, ignoring tumor hypoxia. Moreover, these carrier‐free nano‐theranostic agents present satisfactory biocompatibility, which could be employed as a powerful weapon to hit hypoxic tumors via MRI‐guided oxygen‐independent PTT and photonic TDT.
Heterogeneous Atoms Substituted Rock Salt Phase Mn1‐xFexO Solid Solution with Rich Defects for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Huan , Li Na , Zhang Weibin , Zhang Shiwei , Wang Jianchuan , Du Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous atoms substitution is an efficient method for promoting Li+ storage of transition metal oxides. Herein, a series of Fe‐substituted MnO solid solutions with different Fe contents are synthesized by a feasible solid‐phase method. The synergistic effects between heterogeneous atoms and rich vacancies are synchronously obtained, which hold distinctive electronic structures and substantial active sites. When optimized Mn0.55Fe0.45O solid solution as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries, pre‐prepared electrodes exhibit reversible lithium storage of 1286.9 mAh g–1 at 1 A g −1 after 400 cycles and even 628.1 mAh g–1 at 2 A g–1 after 1000 cycles. The LiCoO2//Mn0.55Fe0.45O full cells are assembled, achieving the reversible capacity of 130.2 and 111.3 mAh g–1 after 150 cycles at 0.1 and 0.2 A g–1, respectively. Density functional theory calculations also authenticate that the electrochemical activity can be markedly boosted by the heterogeneous atoms substituted Mn1‐xFexO solid solution.
Flame‐Assisted Synthesis of O‐Coordinated Single‐Atom Catalysts for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Jinze , Li Hao , Xie Wenfu , Li Shijin , Song Yuke , Fan Kui , Lee Jin Yong , Shao Mingfei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit intriguing performance in electrocatalysis owing to their maximized atom utilizations and unique electronic structures, but effective anchoring metal atoms with defined coordination structure on hierarchical integrated electrode remain a challenge. Herein, a fast and facial flame‐assisted strategy is developed to construct oxygen‐coordinated SACs on integrated carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with promising applications in electrocatalysis. Density functional theory calculations show that oxygen in carbon substrate imparts homogeneous sites for the efficient anchoring of metal atoms, thereby enabling SACs to disperse uniformly and firmly and thus bringing optimized activities. Moreover, the integrated CNT array with abundant oxygen‐containing groups is constructed and has been used as an efficient matrix for anchoring metal atoms (CNT‐O@M) via a flame‐assisted method. The as‐prepared CNT‐O@M (M = Co and Pt as typical examples) shows excellent activities in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction with utilization of active site as high as 75.7%, which is superior to the reported SACs. Particularly, the performance of CNT‐O@M can maintain stably under various harsh conditions, showing a promising prospect in the long‐time applications. The methodology and concept proposed in this work could be extended to the synthesis of a variety of integrated SACs for efficient electrocatalysis.
Fragmented Geographies of Education: Institutions, Policies, and the Neighborhood
Authors: Freytag Tim , Mössner Samuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEducational settings, both in and out of the school environment, not only affect one’s educational opportunities, but may also result in structural disadvantages and barriers. In this chapter, we explore political programs and initiatives aimed at improving educational opportunities and related settings on a local scale in Freiburg, Germany. Drawing upon educational statistics and biographical interviews conducted with adolescent students who are confronted with severe educational barriers, we sketch out a local pattern of fragmented geographies. Moreover, we critically assess how the local initiative “Lernen Erleben in Freiburg” (LEIF) implemented the national program “Lernen vor Ort” (Local Learning). With this example, we show that educational programs and initiatives—framed according to the New Public Management paradigm and neoliberal logics of competition, rankings, and best practices—have a limited potential to transform educational landscapes and work against educational inequalities and prevailing fragmented geographies of education.
Explorable Uncertainty Meets Decision-Making in Logistics
Authors: Megow Nicole , Schlöter Jens 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDecision-making under uncertainty is a major challenge in logistics. Mathematical optimization has a long tradition in providing powerful methods for solving logistics problems. While classical optimization models for uncertainty in the input data do not consider the option to actively query the precise value of uncertain input elements, this option is in practice often available at a certain cost. The recent line of research on optimization under explorable uncertainty develops methods with provable performance guarantees for such scenarios. In this chapter, we highlight some recent results from the mathematical optimization perspective and outline the potential power of such model and techniques for solving logistics problems.
A Demand-Response System for Sustainable Manufacturing Using Linked Data and Machine Learning
Authors: Wicaksono Hendro , Boroukhian Tina , Bashyal Atit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe spread of demand-response (DR) programs in Europe is a slow but steady process to optimize the use of renewable energy in different sectors including manufacturing. A demand-response program promotes changes of electricity consumption patterns at the end consumer side to match the availability of renewable energy sources through price changes or incentives. This research develops a system that aims to engage manufacturing power consumers through price- and incentive-based DR programs. The system works on data from heterogeneous systems at both supply and demand sides, which are linked through a semantic middleware, instead of centralized data integration. An ontology is used as the integration information model of the semantic middleware. This chapter explains the concept of constructing the ontology by utilizing relational database to ontology mapping techniques, reusing existing ontologies such as OpenADR, SSN, SAREF, etc., and applying ontology alignment methods. Machine learning approaches are developed to forecast both the power generated from renewable energy sources and the power demanded by manufacturing consumers based on their processes. The forecasts are the groundworks to calculate the dynamic electricity price introduced for the DR program. This chapter presents different neural network architectures and compares the experiment results. We compare the results of Deep Neural Network (DNN), Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Hybrid architectures. This chapter focuses on the initial phase of the research where we focus on the ontology development method and machine learning experiments using power generation datasets.
Association between weight change and incidence of cardiovascular disease events and mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies and behavioural intervention trials
Authors: Strelitz Jean , Lawlor Emma R. , Wu Yue , Estlin Annabel , Nandakumar Giri , Ahern Amy L. , Griffin Simon J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Weight loss is often recommended in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. While evidence has shown that large weight loss may lead to diabetes remission and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, long-term impacts are unclear. We performed a systematic review of studies of weight loss and other weight changes and incidence of CVD among people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Observational studies of behavioural (non-surgical and non-pharmaceutical) weight changes and CVD events among adults with type 2 diabetes, and trials of behavioural interventions targeting weight loss, were identified through searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) until 9 July 2019. Included studies reported change in weight and CVD and/or mortality outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes. We performed a narrative synthesis of observational studies and meta-analysis of trial data.

Results
Of 13,227 identified articles, 17 (14 observational studies, three trials) met inclusion criteria. Weight gain (vs no change) was associated with higher hazard of CVD events (HRs [95% CIs] ranged from 1.13 [1.00, 1.29] to 1.63 [1.11, 2.39]) and all-cause mortality (HRs [95% CIs] ranged from 1.26 [1.12, 1.41] to 1.57 [1.33, 1.85]). Unintentional weight loss (vs no change) was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality, but associations with intentional weight loss were unclear. Behavioural interventions targeting weight loss showed no effect on CVD events (pooled HR [95% CI] 0.95 [0.71, 1.27]; I2 = 50.1%). Risk of bias was moderate in most studies and was high in three studies, due to potential uncontrolled confounding and method of weight assessment.

Conclusions/interpretation
Weight gain is associated with increased risks of CVD and mortality, although there is a lack of data supporting behavioural weight-loss interventions for CVD prevention among adults with type 2 diabetes. Long-term follow-up of behavioural intervention studies is needed to understand effects on CVD and mortality and to inform policy concerning weight management advice and support for people with diabetes.
PROSPERO registration CRD42019127304.

Graphical abstract
Intercomparison of Two Fluorescent Dyes to Visualize Parasitic Fungi (Chytridiomycota) on Phytoplankton
Authors: Klawonn Isabell , Dunker Susanne , Kagami Maiko , Grossart Hans-Peter , Van den Wyngaert Silke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFungal microparasites (here chytrids) are widely distributed and yet, they are often overlooked in aquatic environments. To facilitate the detection of microparasites, we revisited the applicability of two fungal cell wall markers, Calcofluor White (CFW) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), for the direct visualization of chytrid infections on phytoplankton in laboratory-maintained isolates and field-sampled communities. Using a comprehensive set of chytrid–phytoplankton model pathosystems, we verified the staining pattern on diverse morphological structures of chytrids via fluorescence microscopy. Empty sporangia were stained most effectively, followed by encysted zoospores and im-/mature sporangia, while the staining success was more variable for rhizoids, stalks, and resting spores. In a few instances, the staining was unsuccessful (mostly with WGA), presumably due to insufficient cell fixation, gelatinous cell coatings, and multilayered cell walls. CFW and WGA staining could be done in Utermöhl chambers or on polycarbonate filters, but CFW staining on filters seemed less advisable due to high background fluorescence. To visualize chytrids, 1 µg dye mL−1 was sufficient (but 5 µg mL−1 are recommended). Using a dual CFW–WGA staining protocol, we detected multiple, mostly undescribed chytrids in two natural systems (freshwater and coastal), while falsely positive or negative stained cells were well detectable. As a proof-of-concept, we moreover conducted imaging flow cytometry, as a potential high-throughput technology for quantifying chytrid infections. Our guidelines and recommendations are expected to facilitate the detection of chytrid epidemics and to unveil their ecological and economical imprint in natural and engineered aquatic systems.
Pressure-sensitive paint diagnostic to measure species concentration on transpiration-cooled walls
Authors: Ewenz Rocher Marc , Hermann Tobias , McGilvray Matthew , Ifti Hassan Saad , Vieira Joao , Hambidge Chris , Quinn Mark Kenneth , Grossman Madeleine , Vandeperre Luc 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the performance of pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) for the direct measurement of species concentration on a porous surface with mass injection. It is used to measure the ability of an injected gas to reduce the mass transfer of freestream species to the surface. A porous alumina sample was sprayed with a PSP luminophore solution. The sample was installed into a flat plate model and exposed to hypersonic cross-flows in the Oxford High-Density Tunnel. Tests were conducted with no coolant injection, air injection, and nitrogen injection at increasing blowing ratios. Oxygen partial pressure maps on the transpiration-cooled surface were obtained for several conditions at unit Reynolds numbers between $$2.58{-}5.0 \times 10^7/ \mathrm{m}$$

2.58
-
5.0
×

10
7

/
m

and blowing ratios between $$0.016{-}0.078\%$$

0.016
-
0.078
%

. The oxygen pressure decreases as the unit Reynolds number decreases and the blowing ratio increases.

Graphic abstract
Preferred intra-seasonal circulation patterns of the Indian summer monsoon and active-break cycles
Authors: Straus David M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntra-Seasonal circulation regimes are identified from a cluster analysis of 5-day mean anomaly fields of 850 hPa horizontal winds from the ERA-Interim reanalysis for the boreal summer season (June–Sept. for 1979–2018) over the region (50°–100° E; 5° S–35° N). The k-means method was applied to the leading 6 principal components yielding k clusters. The degree of clustering is significant compared to synthetic data sets for any value of $$k > 3$$

k
>
3

. The circulation is most likely to stay in the same cluster from one pentad to the next; significant transitions (with 95% confidence level) form a cycle. The similarity between the cycle depicted from 4 or 5 clusters and the active-break cycle, as well as the 45-day oscillation, is established by composites of 850 hPa winds, 200 hPa divergence, 500 hPa vorticity and vertical pressure velocity, precipitable water, diabatic heating and rainfall over India: Strong convection over the subtropical Indian Ocean moves to the central Bay of Bengal and central India, subsequently to the northern Bay of Bengal and west Bengal, and then further north into the Himalayas. We also find preferred transitions in which the convection moves equatorward from central India. The number of complete cycles found in 40 summers is 7 in the 4-cluster analysis. The number of times the system undergoes four (three) consecutive legs of the cycle is 16 (31). For 5 clusters only 3 complete cycles are found. sequences of five, four and three consecutive legs occur 10, 11 and 28 times, respectively.
When eyes beat lips: speaker gaze affects audiovisual integration in the McGurk illusion
Authors: Wahn Basil , Schmitz Laura , Kingstone Alan , Böckler-Raettig Anne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEye contact is a dynamic social signal that captures attention and plays a critical role in human communication. In particular, direct gaze often accompanies communicative acts in an ostensive function: a speaker directs her gaze towards the addressee to highlight the fact that this message is being intentionally communicated to her. The addressee, in turn, integrates the speaker’s auditory and visual speech signals (i.e., her vocal sounds and lip movements) into a unitary percept. It is an open question whether the speaker’s gaze affects how the addressee integrates the speaker’s multisensory speech signals. We investigated this question using the classic McGurk illusion, an illusory percept created by presenting mismatching auditory (vocal sounds) and visual information (speaker’s lip movements). Specifically, we manipulated whether the speaker (a) moved his eyelids up/down (i.e., open/closed his eyes) prior to speaking or did not show any eye motion, and (b) spoke with open or closed eyes. When the speaker’s eyes moved (i.e., opened or closed) before an utterance, and when the speaker spoke with closed eyes, the McGurk illusion was weakened (i.e., addressees reported significantly fewer illusory percepts). In line with previous research, this suggests that motion (opening or closing), as well as the closed state of the speaker’s eyes, captured addressees’ attention, thereby reducing the influence of the speaker’s lip movements on the addressees’ audiovisual integration process. Our findings reaffirm the power of speaker gaze to guide attention, showing that its dynamics can modulate low-level processes such as the integration of multisensory speech signals.
Value appropriation in hepatitis C
Authors: Lindgren Peter , Löfvendahl Sofia , Brådvik Gunnar , Weiland Ola , Jönsson Bengt 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
In 2015, the Swedish government in an unprecedented move decided to allocate 150 million € to provide funding for new drugs for hepatitis C. This was triggered by the introduction of the first second generation of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) promising higher cure rates and reduced side effects. The drugs were cost-effective but had a prohibitive budget impact. Subsequently, additional products have entered the market leading to reduction in prices and expansions of the eligible patient base.

Methods
We estimated the social surplus generated by the new DAAs in Stockholm, Sweden, for the years 2014–2019. The actual use and cost of the drugs was based on registry data. Effects on future health care costs, indirect costs and QALY gains were estimated using a Markov model based primarily on Swedish data and using previous generations of interferon-based therapies as the counterfactual.

Results
A considerable social surplus was generated, 15% of which was appropriated by the producers whose share fell rapidly over time as prices fell. Most of the consumer surplus was generated by QALY gains, although 10% was from reduced indirect costs. QALY gains increased less rapidly than the number of treated patients as the eligibility criteria was loosened.

Conclusions
The transfer of funds from the government to the regions helped generate substantial surplus for both consumers and producers with indirect costs playing an important role. The funding model may serve as a model for the financing of innovative treatments in the future.
Robust facility location in reverse logistics
Authors: Egri Péter , Dávid Balázs , Kis Tamás , Krész Miklós 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs environmental awareness is becoming increasingly important, alternatives are needed for the traditional forward product flows of supply chains. The field of reverse logistics covers activities that aim to recover resources from their final destination, and acts as the foundation of the efficient backward flow of these materials. Designing the appropriate reverse logistics network for a given field is a crucial problem, as this provides the basis for all operations connected to the resource flow. This paper focuses on design questions in the supply network of waste wood, dealing with its collection and transportation to designated processing facilities. The facility location problem is studied for this use-case, and mathematical models are developed that consider economies of scale and the robustness of the problem. A novel approach based on bilevel optimization is used for computing the exact solutions of the robust problem on smaller instances. A local search and a tabu search method is also introduced for solving problems of realistic sizes. The developed models and methods are tested both on real-life and artificial instance sets in order to assess their performance.