bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profil Kasus Amputasi Jari Traumatik di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Bitung Selang 1 Januari 2020 – 30 April 2023
Authors: Lintong Pinkan , Kalitouw Ferry , Kalitouw Priscilia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Finger injury is one of the most common types of accidents with varied impacts. The diagnosis of finger amputation is usually based on anamnesis of the history of the mechanism of trauma, the cause of trauma, the extent of contamination in the wound area, and direct clinical physical examination of the amputated finger. This study aimed to obtain the profile of traumatic amputation of finger at Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Bitung from January 1 to April 30, 2023. This was a descriptive and retrospective study with a cross sectional design. Data were obtained from medical records of patients diagnosed as traumatic amputation of finger from January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2023. The results showed a total of 15 patients consisted of 13 males (87%) and two females (13%). Domestic accident was the most common cause, besides work accidents and traffic accidents. The most common type of trauma is sharp trauma and surgical procedures were performed in the form of stump repair and reamputation due to serious wound contamination and coming to the hospital after more than 24 hours. In conclusion, traumatic amputation of finger is most common among males, aged 10-60 years, sharp trauma, located in digiti II and III, and duration more than 24 hours, therefore, patients have to undergo stump repair, followed by dysartuculation and debridement.
Keywords: finger amputation; finger injuries; finger trauma

Abstrak: Cedera jari tangan merupakan salah satu jenis kecelakaan yang tersering dengan dampak bervariasi. Diagnosis amputasi jari biasanya didasarkan pada anamnesis riwayat mekanisme terjadinya trauma, penyebab trauma, besarnya kontaminasi pada area luka, serta pemeriksaan fisik klinis secara langsung ke jari yang teramputasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil kasus amputasi jari traumatik di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Bitung selang 1 Januari 2020–30 April 2023. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui penelusuran catatan medik penderita yang dirawat dengan diagnosis amputasi jari traumatik selang periode 1 Januari 2020 sampai dengan 30 April 2023. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan sebanyak 15 penderita selama selang waktu tersebut, terdiri dari 13 laki-laki (87%) dan dua perempuan (13%). Kejadian terbanyak didapatkan pada kecelakaan domestik selain kecelakaan kerja dan kecelakaan lalu lintas. Jenis trauma terbanyak ialah trauma tajam dan telah dilakukan tindakan pembedahan berupa stump repair serta reamputasi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah kasus amputasi jari traumatik yang tersering pada jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia 10-60 tahun, penyebab trauma tajam, lokasi pada digiti II dan III, dengan durasi tindakan lebih dari 24 jam, dan karenanya mengharuskan pasien untuk menjalan prosedur stump repair, diikuti dengan disartikulasi dan debridemen.
Kata kunci: amputasi jari; cedera jari; trauma jari
Primordial Black Holes in the Solar System
Authors: Thoss Valentin , Burkert Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
If primordial black holes (PBHs) of asteroidal mass make up the entire dark matter, they could be detectable through their gravitational influence in the solar system. In this work, we study the perturbations that PBHs induce on the orbits of planets. Detailed numerical simulations of the solar system, embedded in a halo of PBHs, are performed. We find that the gravitational effect of the PBHs is dominated by the closest encounter. Using the Earth–Mars distance as an observational probe, we show that the perturbations are smaller than the current measurement uncertainties and thus PBHs are not directly constrained by solar system ephemerides. We estimate that an improvement in the ranging accuracy by an order of magnitude or the extraction of signals well below the noise level is required to detect the gravitational influence of PBHs in the solar system in the foreseeable future.
Precession for the Mode Change in a Gamma-Ray Pulsar
Authors: Tong H. , Wang H. H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
PSR J2021+4026 is a gamma-ray pulsar having variations in its spin-down rate and gamma-ray flux. Its variations in timing and emission are correlated, e.g., a larger spin-down rate for a low gamma-ray flux. We show that the mode change in PSR J2021+4026 can be understood in the precession scenario. In the precession model, the inclination angle is modulated due to precession. At the same time, the wobble angle may decay with time. This results in damping of the precession. Combined with the magnetospheric torque model and the outer gap model, the damped precession can explain that (1) when the inclination angle is larger, the spin-down rate will be larger, accompanied by a lower gamma-ray flux. (2) The variation in amplitude of the gamma-ray flux and spin-down rate is smaller than previous results due to the damping of the precession. The modulation period is becoming shorter due to a smaller wobble angle. In the end, we propose that there are two kinds of modulations in pulsars. Long-term modulations in pulsars may be due to precession. Short-term modulations may be of magnetospheric origin.
Three Brown Dwarfs Masquerading as High-redshift Galaxies in JWST Observations
Authors: Tu Zhijun , Wang Shu , Chen Xiaodian , Liu Jifeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report the spectroscopic identification of three brown dwarf candidates—o005_s41280, o006_s00089, and o006_s35616—discovered in RUBIES using James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near-Infrared Spectrograph PRISM/CLEAR spectroscopy. We fit these sources with multiple substellar atmosphere models and present the atmospheric parameters, including effective temperature (T
eff), surface gravity, and other derived properties. The results suggest that o005_s41280 and o006_s35616, with T
eff in the ranges of 2100–2300 K and 1800–2000 K, respectively, are likely L dwarfs, while o006_s00089, with T
eff < 1000 K, is consistent with a late T dwarf classification. The best-fit model spectra provide a reasonable match to the observed spectra. However, distinct residuals exist in the Y, J, and H bands for the two L dwarf candidates, particularly for o006_s35616. Incorporating the extinction parameter into the fitting process can significantly reduce these residuals. The distance estimates indicate that these candidates are about 2 kpc away. The analysis of the color–color diagram using multiple JWST NIRcam photometry suggests that cooler T dwarfs, such as o006_s00089, overlap with little red dots, while hotter L dwarfs, like o005_s41280 and o006_s35616, tend to contaminate the high-redshift galaxy cluster. These findings suggest a brown dwarf contamination rate of approximately 0.1% in extragalactic deep field surveys, with L dwarfs being more frequently detected than cooler T and Y dwarfs.
Phytochemical composition and antiviral properties of A. fragrantissima methanolic extract on H1N1 virus
Authors: Abu-Irmaileh Bashaer , Al-Hroub Hamza M. , Rasras Mohammad H. , Hudaib Mohammad , Semreen Mohammad H. , Bustanji Yasser 
Published: February 2025

Background: The H1N1 influenza virus continues to pose a substantial risk to public health because of its fast spread and the development of resistance to existing neuraminidase inhibitors. The demand for alternative antiviral drugs, especially those obtained from natural sources, is consistently increasing.
Objective: The objective of this work was to examine the antiviral properties of the methanolic extract of A. fragrantissima against the H1N1 influenza virus. The main focus was to assess its neuraminidase enzyme inhibition and its capability to decrease virus-induced cytotoxicity in MDCK cells.
Methods: The aerial parts of A. fragrantissima were gathered, dried, and extracted using methanol solvent. Phytochemical profiling of the extract was performed using GC-MS derivatization. The inhibition of neuraminidase was measured by a fluorometric method, and the antiviral activity was investigated in MDCK cells that were infected with H1N1.
Results: Bioactive substances, including flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, fatty acids, and phenolic acids, were detected by phytochemical analysis. The extract exhibited inhibitory action against neuraminidase, identified by an IC50 value of 203.1 µg/mL. In antiviral tests, the extract treatment at a concentration of 150 µg/mL led to a significant decrease of 38.7% in virus-induced cytotoxicity at the highest viral titer. The MTT assay demonstrated minor cytotoxicity when used in antiviral investigations, with an IC50 value of 328 µg/mL.
Conclusion: A. fragrantissima methanolic extract shows significant antiviral action against H1N1 influenza virus, probably via neuraminidase suppression. Bioactive substances with established antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects highlight the potential of A. fragrantissima as a natural antiviral agent. The presence of bioactive compounds with known antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties underscores the potential of A. fragrantissima as a natural antiviral agent. Additional research is required to isolate and identify the precise active components accountable for its antiviral properties.
Botulinum Toxin A for Management of Consecutive Exotropia: Factors Affecting Treatment Success
Authors: Tugcu Betul , Yildirim Humeyra , Kunduracı Merve Sena , Akbulut Ersin , Ersan Bilge Araz 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
To assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection as a re-treatment procedure in patients with consecutive exotropia.

Methods
The medical records of 34 patients who underwent botulinum toxin type A injection for consecutive exotropia were retrospectively reviewed. Five units of botulinum toxin type A was applied to the unilateral lateral rectus muscle, and the injection was administered under electromyography guidance. Successful motor alignment was defined as a far deviation within 10 prism diopters (PD).

Results

A total of 34 patients were included in the study. Twenty-six patients (76.5%) had acquired esotropia and 8 patients (23.5%) had infantile esotropia. The average age of the patients was 169 ± 88.9 months. The mean time elapsed between the last surgery and botulinum toxin injection was 67.8 ± 78 months. The mean before botulinum toxin type A injection deviation was 20.03 ± 8.42 PD at near and 21.41 ± 8.87 PD at distance. The deviation after botulinum toxin type A injection was 9.65 ± 7.42 PD at near and 10.82 ± 7.33 PD at distance. All patients were followed up for 19.8 ± 20 months. The average number of injections was 1.6 ± 1.1. The final success rate was 73.5%. The first month's near deviation was significantly associated with treatment success (
P
= .012). Post-injection fusion potential had a weak association with the 6-month and overall treatment success (
P
= .073 and .057, respectively)

Conclusions
The results of this study demonstrate that botulinum toxin type A injection can be an effective, safe treatment option in consecutive exotropia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
Pleomorphic adenoma parotid surgery, how much margin we can reach to be safe?
Authors: Mohebbi Saleh , Zahedi Mohammad , Basir Shabestari Samira , Ahmadi Aslan , Kazemipour Somaye , Kadkhoda-Mohammadi Mosleh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
The extent of surgery in cases of parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma (PA) remains challenging. This study aims to evaluate the importance of surgical margins in ensuring safe surgery for patients with PA.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the risk of local recurrence based on surgical margins in patients with parotid PA who underwent superficial or total parotidectomy between May 2019 and November 2021 at a tertiary referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients were followed for at least 2 years. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The normality of data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Quantitative and qualitative variables were analyzed with the independent t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Fifty-seven cases were included in the study. The mean age was 40.7 years, with 37 of 57 (64.9%) patients being female. Of these, 35 of 57 (61.4%) underwent superficial parotidectomy. All tumors were resected with negative margins, with an average safe margin of 0.58 cm (range: 0–3.7 cm). The greatest margin was found at the anterior side (average: 0.76 cm), whereas the smallest margin was at the vertical side (average: 0.39 cm). Postoperative radiotherapy was not administered to patients with close surgical margins. No recurrence was observed after a 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
In the surgical resection of parotid PA, negative margins are sufficient, and there is no need to obtain additional safe margins to reduce the risk of recurrence. Therefore, extracapsular dissection (which carries higher morbidities) can be replaced by superficial parotidectomy with negative margins (which carries lower morbidities).
Does HCV treatment completion affect the neurocognitive outcomes in patients on opioid agonist maintenance treatment: A secondary analysis
Authors: Ghosh Abhishek , Verma Abhishek , De Arka , Premkumar Madhumita , Duseja Ajay , Nehra Ritu , Basu Debasish 
Published: February 2025

Aim:
This secondary analysis investigated whether completing Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) treatment affects neurocognitive outcomes in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) undergoing opioid agonist maintenance treatment (OAMT).

Methods:
Data from 45 participants (22 DAA treatment completers and 23 non-completers) were analyzed. Neurocognitive function was assessed at baseline and six months using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Tests (TMT A and B), Visual and Verbal N-Back tests, and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).

Results:
General Linear Model (GLM) analysis revealed significant improvements in cognitive function over time in both groups, with notable gains in WCST total correct responses (P < .001) and Visual Working Memory 2 Back hits and errors (P < .001). A significant Group × Time was found for TMT-B completion time, with non-completers showing greater improvement (P = .039).

Conclusion:
These findings highlight that even incomplete DAA treatment, alongside OAMT, yields significant cognitive benefits, underscoring the importance of integrated care.
From the Brick-and-Mortar Campuses to the Screen: Teachers’ Readiness for Online Teaching in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Usmani Asma , Akhtar Samina , Zahra Farasat 
Published: February 2025

The current descriptive research aimed to assess the readiness of instructors for online instruction. The population of investigation covered (301) teachers from five different public universities in South Punjab, Pakistan. The study sample represented two hundred and seventeen teachers (80) males and (137) females selected through a convenient sampling technique. A questionnaire FRTO scale (Faculty Readiness to Teach Online) was used to measure teachers' perceived readiness for online learning at higher education institutions. For data analysis, descriptive statistics mean scores and standard deviations, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In addition, inferential statistics were applied. The research results indicated that most instructors felt well-equipped to implement online teaching methods. Furthermore, the research revealed disparities in instructors' readiness for online platforms on their demographic characteristics. The study recommended that HEIs invest in their technological structure and ensure all their key stakeholders have equal access to digital learning.
Partitioning anthropogenic and natural methane emissions in Finland during 2000–2021 by combining bottom-up and top-down estimates
Authors: Tenkanen Maria K. , Tsuruta Aki , Denier van der Gon Hugo , Höglund-Isaksson Lena , Leppänen Antti , Markkanen Tiina , Petrescu Ana Maria Roxana , Raivonen Maarit , Aaltonen Hermanni , Aalto Tuula 
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Accurate national methane (CH4) emission estimates are essential for tracking progress towards climate goals. This study investigated Finnish CH4 emissions from 2000–2021 using bottom-up and top-down approaches. We evaluated the ability of a global atmospheric inverse model CarbonTracker Europe – CH4 to estimate CH4 emissions within a single country. We focused on how different priors and their uncertainties affect the optimised emissions and showed that the optimised anthropogenic and natural CH4 emissions were strongly dependent on the prior emissions. However, while the range of CH4 estimates was large, the optimised emissions were more constrained than the bottom-up estimates. Further analysis showed that the optimisation aligned the trends of anthropogenic and natural CH4 emissions and improved the modelled seasonal cycles of natural emissions. Comparison of atmospheric CH4 observations with model results showed no clear preference between anthropogenic inventories (EDGAR v6 and CAMS-REG), but results using the highest natural prior (JSBACH–HIMMELI) agreed best with observations, suggesting that process-based models may underestimate CH4 emissions from Finnish peatlands or unaccounted sources such as freshwater emissions. Additionally, using an uncertainty estimate based on a process-based model ensemble for natural CH4 emissions seemed to be advantageous compared to the standard uncertainty definition. The average total posterior emission of the ensemble from one inverse model with different priors was similar to the average of the ensemble including different inverse models but similar priors. Thus, a single inverse model using a range of priors can be used to reliably estimate CH4 emissions when an ensemble of different models is unavailable.
Strength of Vertex Irregularity of Some Product of Graphs
Authors: T. Manimaran,  
Published: February 2025

“G is a connected graph with number of vertices . Let be the set of vertices and be the set of edges of . Let be a function which assigns the integers {1, 2, …n} not necessarily distinct to the edges of . The weight of a vertex denoted by is the sum of all the labels of the edges which are incident with . Then the function is called a vertex irregular labelling if all the weight of the vertices are distinct. The strength of vertex irregularity of the graph denoted by is the least positive integer n such that there exists a vertex irregular labelling . In this paper, we determine the strength of vertex irregularity of some edge corona product of graphs”.
e determine the strength of vertex irregularity of some edge corona product of graphs”.
A Numerical Approach for Solving Fuzzy Differential Equation Using Enhanced Euler’s Methods Based on Contra Harmonic Mean and Centroidal Mean
Authors: A. Hari Ganesh  
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) are crucial for modeling dynamic systems in science, economics, and engineering due to their unpredictable nature and the need for numerical methods for precise solutions. The objective of this work is to develop improved Euler's techniques for numerically solving fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) in order to produce approximate solutions for problems that are too complicated to be stated exactly.
Methods: This study proposes improved Euler's approaches for solving differential equations with fuzzy initial conditions, including Euler's Method, Modified Euler's Method, and Improved Euler's Method employing Contra Harmonic Mean and Centroidal Mean. Based on Zadeh's extension concept for fuzzy sets, we extend Euler's classical methods to address this dependence problem in a fuzzy setting.
Findings: A numerical example that contrasts the suggested approaches with the traditional Euler's Method is provided. The efficiency of the suggested methods is shown by numerical solutions and their geometrical representations. Furthermore, the numerical example demonstrates the acceptable accuracy of the improved Euler's techniques.
Novelty: In this research proposal, we sought to solve first-order differential equations utilizing two creative approaches: the Contra Harmonic Mean and the Centroidal Mean of enhanced Euler's approaches for fuzzy primary value. The suggested methods yield great results and are quick, accurate, and easy to use.
Convergence Analysis of S-iteration Process of Generalized Nonlinear Variational Inclusion Problem
Authors: Syed ShakaibIrfan  
Published: February 2025

To obtain the solution of generalized variational inclusion involving co-coercive operators, a proposal for -iteration has also been proposed and analyzed. Existence theorems for the solution of generalized variational inclusion are proved by using co-coercive and relaxed co-coercive mappings. Also, certain particular cases, along with their comparison with some methods, have been studied. Finally, we present a numerical example to exemplify and show the convergence of the suggested algorithm in support of our main result, which has been formulated by using MATLAB programming.
Humanitarian Food Logistics: Optimizing the Inventory Model of Corn Soya Blend (CSB) and Deterioration Rate by the World Food Program (WFP) Under the Conflict and Insurgency Controlled Areas
Authors: Buba M.T. Hambagda  
Published: February 2025

The paper carefully examines malnutrition food supplements, the corn soya blend (CSB) distribution among children, and breastfeeding mothers in areas engulfed by conflict attacks. The vulnerable situation created by the Boko Haram Jihadists cannot be easily quantified or overemphasized. The deterioration rate of corn soya blend (CSB) is high due to the impact of climate, temperature, and storage facility. This situation also leads to a substantial rise in holding and ordering costs and the safety of WFP humanitarian workers, CBS consignments, and other essential items is crucial. This study attempts to develop an optimized inventory model for the distribution of corn soya blend (CSB) to enhance the performance of the WFP. An inventory model is developed to identify the optimality, a numerical analysis is conducted to assess the model's effectiveness, and a sensitivity analysis is performed to evaluate how changes in key parameters affect the optimal solution. This analysis helps demonstrate the model's reliability and highlights which parameters are most influential to the objective. The model can assist relief organizations in efficiently managing the distribution of supplies to conflict-controlled areas.
Some Special Structures of〖 δ〗_1 Near-Rings
Authors: S.Sivanthi  
Published: February 2025

If, in a ring (N, +, ∙) we ignore the commutativity of ‘+’ and one of the distributive laws, (N, +, ∙) becomes a Near-Ring. If we do not stipulate the left distributive law, (N, +, ∙) is a right near-ring. This research aims to introduce the concept of δ_1 Near-Ring. For every x,y in N, xNy=Nx^2 y^2 is called δ_1Near-Ring. The element wise characterization for〖 δ〗_1 Near-Ring will be investigated and shall establish theorems and properties in this Near-Ring.