bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Analysis of the In Vivo Dynamics of Host Circulating Immune Cells Highlights the Importance of Myeloid Cells in Avian Flaviviral Infection
Authors: Liang Yumeng , Ma Yong , Zhang Yanhui , Chen Zhijie , Wang Zhitao , Li Xuefeng , Cui Lu , Xu Li , Liu Shengwang , Li Hai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ducks are an economically important waterfowl but a natural reservoir for some zoonotic pathogens, such as influenza virus and flaviviruses. Our understanding of the duck immune system and its interaction with viruses remains incomplete. In this study, we constructed the transcriptomic landscape of duck circulating immune cells, the first line of defense in the arthropod-borne transmission of arboviruses, using high-throughput single-cell transcriptome sequencing, which defined 14 populations of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLks) based on distinct molecular signatures and revealed differences in the clustering of PBLks between ducks and humans. Taking advantage of in vivo sex differences in the susceptibility of duck PBLks to avian tembusu virus (TMUV) infection, a mosquito-borne flavivirus newly emerged from ducks with a broad host range from mosquitos to mammals, a comprehensive comparison of the in vivo dynamics of duck PBLks upon TMUV infection between sexes was performed at the single-cell level. Using this in vivo model, we discovered that TMUV infection reprogrammed duck PBLks differently between sexes, driving the expansion of granulocytes and priming granulocytes and monocytes for antiviral immune activation in males but decreasing the antiviral immune activity of granulocytes and monocytes by restricting their dynamic transitions from steady states to antiviral states with a decrease in the abundance of circulating monocytes in females. This study provides insights into the initial immune responses of ducks to arthropod-borne flaviviral infection and provides a framework for studying duck antiviral immunity.
The mummies of Kha and Merit: embalming ritual an restauration work
Authors: Marochetti Elisa Fiore , Oliva Cinza , Doneux Kristine , Curti Alessandra , Janot Francis 
Published: October 2021

The bodies of both Kha and Merit were wrapped in a wide linen sheet stitched along the bottom; but Merit had a second funerary sheet and a painted mask. The condition of the textiles was very poor due to both age and long display. There was a general lack of strength and elasticity in the fibers which were fragile, very brittle and partly covered by dust.
In order to consolidate the textile of Merit, it was necessary to temporarily remove the mask and second sheet, which were conserved separately. After vacuum cleaning the mummies, consolidation was achieved by sewing a dyed nylon net around the bodies.
A comparative study between conventional and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology of 240 cases
Authors: Pandey Pinki , Dixit Alok , Sawhney Anshul , Ralli Megha , Chaturvedi Vineet , Agarwal Savita , Singh Jitendra Pratap , Gupta Shalini 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
Thyroid nodule is a common disorder of thyroid. Despite their benign nature, they can be associated with multiple pathologic conditions including thyroid cancer. Fine-needle aspiration plays an essential role in evaluating thyroid nodules. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TBSRTC) has attempted to standardize reporting and cytological criteria in aspiration smears.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare the conventional and TBSRTC and to compare and correlate the cases with histological findings wherever available.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a retrospective study undertaken in the department of pathology from January 2018 to December 2018 to access the validity of TBSRTC considering histopathology as the gold standard. May Grünwald Giemsa and Papanicolaou stained thyroid FNA smears of 240 patients were collected which were reported by the conventional system for reporting thyroid cytology and also categorized as per current Bethesda nomenclature for thyroid cytology. Diagnosis of both the reporting systems was then compared and correlated with the histological diagnosis wherever possible.

Results:
A total of 240 cases were examined on cytology, out of which histopathological correlation was possible in 110 cases. For benign thyroid lesions, sensitivity and specificity with conventional system were 69.91% and 40.25%, respectively, while with TBSRTC, sensitivity and specificity were 84.04% and 29.94%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of conventional system for malignant thyroid lesions were 58.56% and 69.91%, respectively, while with TBSRTC, sensitivity and specificity were 73.69% and 95.12%, respectively. The Bethesda system found to be highly sensitive for benign thyroid lesions and highly specific for malignant thyroid lesions as compared to the conventional method of reporting of thyroid cytology.

Conclusion:
Bethesda system was found to be superior for reporting thyroid cytology over the conventional system of reporting for thyroid cytology.
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma diagnosed using flow cytometry. A single-center study of 12 cases from North India
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , Gupta Tanvi , Gupta Ruchi , Singh Lakshita , Chandra Dinesh , Sarkar Manoj Kumar , Singh Manish Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev , Nityanand Soniya 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare fatal T-cell neoplasm with unique clinical and laboratory features. There is, however, significant morphological and immunophenotypic heterogeneity which may lead to diagnostic dilemma.

Aims and Objectives:
The study was aimed to study the prevalence and clinic-pathological spectrum of this rare variant of T cell lymphoma in the Indian subcontinent.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of all consecutive cases of HSTCL diagnosed over a period of 6 years was carried out. The clinical and laboratory parameters of all these patient were reviewed and analysed.

Results:
A total of 12 cases of HSTCL were diagnosed during this period which accounted for 1.76% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and 9.1% of all T-cell NHLs. The median (range) age of presentation was 23 (16–30) years. Leukocytosis, peripheral blood (PB) involvement, and a blastic morphology were noted in 41%, 67%, and 58% of the cases, respectively. FCI proved these cells to have a mature, dual-negative (CD4−/CD8−) T-cell phenotype with a gamma–delta T-cell receptor restriction. Frequent loss of CD5 expression (84%) was also noted. These patients invariably had a fatal outcome and majority died within a year of diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The incidence of leukocytosis and a blastoid morphology is quite frequent in HSTCL. Hence, a differential diagnosis of HSTCL should always be considered in young patients presenting with splenomegaly and exhibiting atypical lymphoid/blastoid cells in the PB or a marrow. An FCI can readily diagnose and differentiate them from an acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.
A Review of Transposition Techniques for Treatment of Complete Abducens Nerve Palsy
Authors: Akbari Mohammad Reza , Masoomian Babak , Mirmohammadsadeghi Arash , Sadeghi Motahhareh 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
To review various types of extraocular muscle transposition procedures for management of strabismus in sixth cranial nerve palsy with little lateral rectus (LR) muscle function, along with their pros and cons.

Methods:
We performed a comprehensive review of transposition procedures in sixth cranial nerve palsy, based on literature published anytime up to March 2021. A thorough search through PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed. All types of clinical studies on different transposition procedures in LR palsy, were included.

Results:
Eighty-six original articles in English, with full text or abstracts available, were included in the review, among which 16 are prospective studies, 48 retrospective, 3 review articles, 1 randomized clinical trial, 17 case reports, and 1 letter. Vertical rectus transposition has demonstrated promising results, especially in abduction improvement and expansion of binocular diplopia-free visual field, albeit the possible adverse effects such as anterior segment ischemia, especially in the presence of medial rectus contracture, and induced vertical deviation may become troublesome. Partial muscle transposition, single muscle transposition, and also transposition without tenotomy have all been introduced to reduce the risk of multiple muscle manipulation and ischemia. On the other hand, different adjustable transpositions are being utilized to manage concomitant or induced vertical deviations.

Conclusion:
Transposition procedures are highly effective in the treatment of esotropia caused by complete LR palsy. Various techniques for vertical muscle transposition have been proposed, with each of them having certain advantages and disadvantages.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Dovyalis abyssinica fruit for antibacterial applications
Authors: Kebede Mekuriaw Assefa , Sitotaw Baye , Hilawea Kidanemariam Teklay 
Published: October 2021

Green biosynthesis technique was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Fresh citrus fruit of Dovyalis abyssinica (vernacular name Koshim) tree was extracted by distilled water to obtain phenolic natural compounds that have reducing capacity of metallic ions to the corresponding metallic nanoparticles, in this case, silver ion to silver nanoparticles. The appearance of the UV-Vis absorbance peak at 430 nm and the color change from pale yellow reaction mixture to reddish brown colored product solution have confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR data has also shown the presence of organic components from the plant with the particles that may be used as capping agents to stabilize the formed particles and to control the size. The prepared nanoparticles and the plant extract have shown antibacterial property against E. coli and S. aureus, though the effect of the AgNPs was better than the plant extract. This study contributes for the development of environmentally friendly procedures in the preparation of nanoparticles for medicine, energy or environment.
Knowledge of local anesthetics anaphylaxis among dental practitioners in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
Authors: Edetanlen Benlance Ekaniyere , Aluojerio Daniel , Lawani Ufadi 
Published: October 2021

Background: Anaphylaxis is an acutely presenting life-threatening medical emergency. Studies have shown that dentists feel inadequately able to recognize and treat anaphylaxis. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of local anesthetic (LA) anaphylaxis among dentists in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among dental practitioners at the Dental complex of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from August 2020 to January 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items divided into four main sections: (1) Demographic characteristics, (2) general knowledge on local anesthetic anaphylaxis, (3) knowledge on signs and symptoms of local anesthetic anaphylaxis, (4) knowledge on treatment of local anesthetic anaphylaxis. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA.
Results: The 101 respondents approached agreed to participate in the study. There were more males (64.4%) compared to females. Majority of the respondents were aged 30 -39 years. None of the respondents knew completely all the signs and symptoms of anaphylactic reaction from LA. None of the respondents got the complete drugs to be kept in the office for LA anaphylaxis. Less than half (43.6%) of the respondents knew that epinephrine is the drug of first choice for anaphylactic reactions. Only 50 (49.5%) of the respondents knew that the best route for epinephrine administration is intramuscular route.
Conclusion: Adequate knowledge on anaphylaxis from local anesthesia is lacking among dental practitioners in our centre.
Desafios para uma escrita da História de Enfermagem Contemporânea
Authors: Maia Ana Rosete 
Published: October 2021

A investigação sobre o passado da Enfermagem é uma atividade recente entre os enfermeiros. No entanto neste curto período aqueles que, tem se dedicado a conhecer nossa história já tem produzido bons resultados em publicações e, apresentações em eventos, seminários, colóquios etc.
A importância desta produção cientifica nos instiga a fazer uma revisão historiográfica não só para analisar o que estamos fazendo, para ter uma visão global como também para saber quais as correntes historiográficas estão fundamentando nossas investigações atuais e as perspectivas futuras
Assessing Stakeholders’ Satisfaction of a Catholic University Graduate School in the Philippines
Authors: Genovate Maria Cecilia J. , Madrigal Dennis V. 
Published: October 2021

Students around the world pursue graduate education for their professional development, career promotions, and lifelong learning. Seen as an investment, universities faced challenges with rising expectations and industry competitiveness on factors influencing satisfaction to improve graduate school service quality. The paper aims to assess and compare the level of stakeholders' satisfaction of a Catholic University Graduate School in the Philippines using the 7Ps of a marketing framework, including the product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. The study applied the quantitative research design using a descriptive and comparative approach. The respondents were the 270 graduate school students, faculty members, and alumni determined using the simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data. Percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used for the descriptive analysis. Meanwhile, the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to determine the significant differences in the level of satisfaction when the stakeholders are grouped according to their designation, academic programs, average monthly income, and employer. The findings showed that the overall level of satisfaction of the stakeholders of a graduate school in terms of the 7Ps of the marketing mix is high, with the product as the highest rating and price as the lowest. A significant difference was found in the level of satisfaction of the stakeholders when they are grouped according to the designation, academic program, family's average monthly income, and employment. The findings showed that the graduate school in the Catholic university offered good quality graduate education, has qualified and competent professors, has an accessible location, and has effective policies and procedures that exceed the expectations of the stakeholders.
Tuberculosis incidence in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, treated with isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Vieira de Souza Claudia Teresa , Benamor Teixeira Maria de Lourdes , Fragoso da Silveira Gouvêa Maria Isabel , Milnor Jacob , De Lima Filho Jose Berilo , De Souza Borges Quintana Marcel , Cavalcanti Rolla Valéria 
Published: October 2021

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death amongst adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The lifetime risk of tuberculosis disease for a person with latent infection is estimated at 5-10% with most cases occurring within five years of initial infection. The World Health Organization recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for latent tuberculosis treatment, amongst other strategies. The aim was to assess tuberculosis incidence, survival (free of tuberculosis) and associated factors in HIV-positive patients. IPT was offered to participants with a positive (≥5mm) tuberculin skin test. Participants were followed from February 2003-December 2016. Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis. Variables with p-value ≤ 0.2 in the univariate analysis entered into the multivariate Cox-Model, keeping those with p-value ≤ 0.05. The 95% confidence interval of incidence of tuberculosis was estimated using Poisson distribution. One hundred nineteen patients completed the IPT and were followed for a median duration of 110.7 months (IQR 93.1-121.0). The probability of developing tuberculosis (10 years post-IPT) was 5.4%. Tuberculosis incidence was 0.58/100 patient/years (CI 95% 0.213-1.264). IPT over 6 months provided long-term protection against tuberculosis. AIDS-defining illness was the only statistically significant variable (HR=5.67) in the multivariate model.KEY WORDS: Latent tuberculosis; HIV; isoniazid; survival analysis.
Causes of Obstruction in the Outpatient Department of National Hospital, Sri Lanka: A Qualitative Study
Authors: RANASİNGHE Samantha , DEERASİNGHE Dlirukshi , SABHAPATHİGE Ranga 
Published: October 2021

Sri Lanka is a country in South Asia that has a high-level health care system. The National Hospital, Sri Lanka (NHSL) situated in Colombo, is the largest teaching hospital in Sri Lanka and the final referral centre in the country consisting of 3000 beds and the bed occupancy rate is 75 with 3.7 average lengths of stay. Outpatient care, sometimes called ambulatory care, is defined as medical care or treatment that does not require an overnight stay in a hospital or medical facility. The outpatient department (OPD) is considered as the window to hospital services and a patient's impression of the hospital begins at the OPD. The OPD of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) also faces the problem of congestion. This study aims to identify the causes of congestion at OPD of NHSL and provide solutions. Key informant interviews with relevant stakeholders, focus group discussions, desk review of secondary data, and direct observations of OPD processes were used as methodologies. Key informant interviews were conducted with the deputy director, OPD, medical officer-in-charge, and nursing sister in charge of the unit by the principal investigator. Two focus group discussions were conducted, with 12 randomly selected medical officers and 10 nursing officers with a minimum of one year of work experience at the OPD. Data retrieved from the desk review of the secondary data from the admission book, and OPD monthly statistics. Direct observation was used to triangulate the data. Around 690,000 patients are treated annually in OPD of NHSL. The average number of OPD patients per day is about 1900. Usually, a doctor at OPD of NHSL examines 36 patients per hour. Therefore, consultation time is limited to 1.6 minutes which is highly inadequate. Root causes for congestion were analyzed by using the Ishikawa diagram. Poor layout arrangements, delay of doctors and quota system of doctors, the non-availability of the patient information management system, absence of proper referral system in the country, the larger number of staff members were identified as root causes. Improvement of the layout of OPD in a unidirectional way, advised doctors to start duties on time abolish the quota system of doctors, establishment of the computer-based patients' registration system, establishing laboratory within OPD, establishing two more counters at OPD pharmacy were the major recommendation of this study to minimize the congestion at OPD, NHSL.
فاعلية استخدام أعضاء هيئة التدريس لمصادر المعلومات الإلكترونية وخدماتها دراسة تطبيقية على المكتبة المركزية وفروعها بجامعة الطائف بالحوية
Authors: علي الأمين د. حمد النيل 
Published: October 2021

The research aims to assess the level of utilization of the academic staff of the sources of electronic information, the reasons for their use of this information, and the problems they encounter in this process.
It discusses the use of the academic staff of these sources of electric information in the Main Library of the University of Taif in Al-Hawiya.The report establishes the level of utilization by the staff, the most commonly used sources, language of sources, applications, and the problems they encounter in using these sources.
The research is descriptive and analytic. It utilizes a descriptive approach which is based on a survey and analysis of a representative sample from the population in addition to a statistical model in the measurement of the dependent and independent variables of the selected sample.
The research results show that 81% of the staff fall within the two categories that use the media which is provided by the Library “sometimes” or “not at all.” It also shows that 45% of the sample are able to use the Electronic Media “to some extent” and 15% are “not able” to use it. This is an obvious indicator of the limited use of the Library electronic media by the academic staff.
Based on the research results the researcher underlines the importance of launching a program which aims to enhance the staff awareness about the services of the Library through booklets, advertisements, and the university portal. The researcher also underscores the importance of the close link between the Library and the various faculties of the university so that it can identify their needs of electronic media. He also underlines the importance of organizing training programs for use of electronic media by the academic. The recommended actions are likely to lead to an improvement In the level of utilization of electronic sources of information by the academic staff.
Middlemarch's Superfluous Others
Authors: Dillane Fionnuala 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The second last chapter of book 4 of Middlemarch is stylistically uneven, spatially squeezed, and full of ugly feelings. These features coalesce around an elaborate refusal of sympathy for Joshua Rigg. I suggest that the compulsive reiteration of his otherness, his fixed obtrusiveness and his superfluity, which results in a narrative insistence on distancing Rigg from Middlemarch and Middlemarch, points to an underlying sense of imperial dis-ease and anxiety about the business of empire. These ugly feelings can be traced back to Dorothea's reaction to her mother's jewellery in chapter 1 and to the longer history of imperial violence that provides the Brookes and Dorothea's son with a secure sense of entitlement.
A interdisciplinaridade do ensino médio à universidade
Authors: Lopes Gabriel César Dias 
Published: October 2021

Este artigo discute o conceito de interdisciplinaridade, buscando sua historicização e seu contexto contemporaneamente. A interdisciplinaridade enquanto movimento surgiu na Europa, principalmente na França e na Itália, em meados da década de 1960, com o insurgimento dos movimentos estudantis reivindicando um novo estatuto de Universidade e de escola. O principal objetivo destes era se opor a todo o conhecimento que privilegiasse o capitalismo epistemológico de certas ciências, criticar o currículo homogeneizador que privilegiava certas áreas do conhecimento em detrimento daquelas que dariam ao aluno uma formação mais humanista e filosófica. Usando uma pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva e qualitativa que contemplo as grandes autoridades no assunto evidencia-se aqui que o ensino disciplinar e desvinculado do contexto do aluno não tem mais espaço na educação contemporânea.
U-10 Literary essay writing by Dr. Saeed Naqvi
Authors: Akhter Irshad , Naqvi Sadaf 
Published: October 2021

Dr.Saeed Naqvi is a verstyle writer. He has also written essays besides poetry, fiction writing, translations and Novels. His essays are about all the fields of life. Most of his essays have been published in different literary magazines. “Nayee Basti” is an important litrary magazine of Halqa Arbab-e-zauq New York. Esayes of Saeed Naqvi have also been published in “Nayee Basti”.Saeed Naqvi is considered among those writers who enable to be prominent in Urdu fiction writing. While living in American state. He has also done. The task of fiction writing novel writing and translation of English literature into Urdu besides literary essays. Saeed Naqvi created literature selflessly and is doing creative work without desire of any award or appreciation.