bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial evolution of young massive clusters
Authors: Buckner Anne S. M. , Khorrami Zeinab , González Marta , Lumsden Stuart L. , Clark Paul , Moraux Estelle 
Published: December 2021

Context. With the third release of the high-precision optical-wavelength Gaia survey, we are in a better position than ever before to study young clusters. However, Gaia is limited in the optical down to G ∼ 21 mag, and therefore it is essential to understand the biases introduced by a magnitude-limited sample on spatial distribution studies.
Aims. We ascertain how sample incompleteness in Gaia observations of young clusters affects the local spatial analysis tool INDICATE and subsequently the perceived spatial properties of these clusters.
Methods. We created a mock Gaia cluster catalogue from a synthetic dataset using the observation generating tool MYOSOTIS. The effect of cluster distance, uniform and variable extinction, binary fraction, population masking by the point spread function wings of high-mass members, and contrast sensitivity limits on the trends identified by INDICATE are explored. A comparison of the typical index values derived by INDICATE for members of the synthetic dataset and their corresponding mock Gaia catalogue observations is made to identify any significant changes.
Results. We typically find only small variations in the pre- and post-observation index values of cluster populations, which can increase as a function of incompleteness percentage and binarity. No significant strengthening or false signatures of stellar concentrations are found, but real signatures may be diluted. Conclusions drawn about the spatial behaviour of Gaia-observed cluster populations that are, and are not, associated with their natal nebulosity are reliable for most clusters, but the perceived behaviours of individual members can change, so INDICATE should be used as a measure of spatial behaviours between members as a function of their intrinsic properties (e.g., mass, age, object type), rather than to draw conclusions about any specific observed member.
Conclusions. INDICATE is a robust spatial analysis tool to reliably study Gaia-observed young cluster populations within 1 kpc, up to a sample incompleteness of 83.3% and binarity of 50%.
A solar coronal loop in a box: Energy generation and heating
Authors: Breu C. , Peter H. , Cameron R. , Solanki S. K. , Przybylski D. , Rempel M. , Chitta L. P. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Coronal loops are the basic building block of the upper solar atmosphere as seen in the extreme UV and X-rays. Comprehending how these are energized, structured, and evolve is key to understanding stellar coronae.
Aims. Here we investigate how the energy to heat the loop is generated by photospheric magneto-convection, transported into the upper atmosphere, and how the internal structure of a coronal magnetic loop forms.
Methods. In a 3D magnetohydrodynamics model, we study an isolated coronal loop rooted with both footpoints in a shallow layer within the convection zone using the MURaM code. To resolve its internal structure, we limited the computational domain to a rectangular box containing a single coronal loop as a straightened magnetic flux tube. Field-aligned heat conduction, gray radiative transfer in the photosphere and chromosphere, and optically thin radiative losses in the corona were taken into account. The footpoints were allowed to interact self-consistently with the granulation surrounding them.
Results. The loop is heated by a Poynting flux that is self-consistently generated through small-scale motions within individual magnetic concentrations in the photosphere. Turbulence develops in the upper layers of the atmosphere as a response to the footpoint motions. We see little sign of heating by large-scale braiding of magnetic flux tubes from different photospheric concentrations at a given footpoint. The synthesized emission, as it would be observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly or the X-Ray Telescope, reveals transient bright strands that form in response to the heating events. Overall, our model roughly reproduces the properties and evolution of the plasma as observed within (the substructures of) coronal loops.
Conclusions. With this model we can build a coherent picture of how the energy flux to heat the upper atmosphere is generated near the solar surface and how this process drives and governs the heating and dynamics of a coronal loop.
Gyrochronological dating of the stellar moving group Group X
Authors: Messina S. , Nardiello D. , Desidera S. , Baratella M. , Benatti S. , Biazzo K. , D’Orazi V. 
Published: December 2021

Context. Gyrochronology is one of the methods currently used to estimate the age of stellar open clusters. Hundreds of new clusters, associations, and moving groups unveiled by Gaia and complemented by accurate rotation period measurements provided by recent space missions such as Kepler and TESS are allowing us to significantly improve the reliability of this method.
Aims. We use gyrochronology, that is, the calibrated age-mass-rotation relation valid for low-mass stars, to measure the age of the recently discovered moving group Group X.
Methods. We extracted the light curves of all candidate members from the TESS full frame images and measured their rotation periods using different period search methods.
Results. We measured the rotation period of 168 of a total of 218 stars and compared their period-colour distribution with those of two age-benchmark clusters, the Pleiades (125 Myr) and Praesepe (625 Myr), as well as with the recently characterised open cluster NGC 3532 (300 Myr).
Conclusions. As result of our analysis, we derived a gyro age of 300 ± 60 Myr. We also applied as independent methods the fitting of the entire isochrone and of the three brightest candidate members individually with the most precise stellar parameters, deriving comparable values of 250 Myr and 290 Myr, respectively. Our dating of Group X allows us to definitively rule out the previously proposed connection with the nearby but much older Coma Berenices cluster.
Wohl einmalige Revisionsindikationen bei autologem Gefäßzugang
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Beitrag werden seltene, kasuistisch hochinteressante Revisionsindikationen vorgestellt, die zusätzlich das notwendig breite Spektrum der insbesondere autologen Operationstechniken in der Shuntchirurgie eindrücklich belegen.
Risk factors for post-polypectomy bleeding; a retrospective case-control study of a high-volume colonoscopy center
Authors: Eleftheriadis Dimitrios , Imalis Christina , Gerken Guido , Wedemeyer Heiner , Duerig Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and aim Post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB) remains an uncommon although serious complication of colonoscopy. The aim of this study is to determine the PPB-prevalence in a secondary care hospital and its associated risk factors.
Patients and methods We collected data from 581 patients, with the removal of 1593 polyps between August 2017 and August 2019. A univariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted retrospectively.
Results PPB occurred in only 10 cases, representing 1.7% of patients: immediate in 1.2% and delayed in 0.5%. The number of removed polyps per patient [4.5 (SD 2.59) for hemorrhagic vs. 2.74 (SD 1.98) for non-hemorrhagic group] and the propofol dose [232 mg (SD 93.07) for hemorrhagic vs. 133 mg (SD 57.28) for non-hemorrhagic group] were relevant patient-related risk factors. The polyp-based analysis showed the polyp size [18.4 mm (SD 10.44) for hemorrhagic vs. 4.42 mm (SD 4.29) for non-hemorrhagic group], the morphology [wide-based: OR 24.83 (95 % CI 2.76 – 223.44), pedunculated: OR 56.67 (95 % CI 5.03 – 638.29)], the location at ileocecal valve [OR 20.48, 95 % CI 1.81 – 231.97)], and the polypectomy method [hot snare piecemeal with epinephrine injection: OR 75.38 (95 % CI 7.67 – 741.21)] as significant risk factors for PPB, too.
Conclusions The low rate of PPB confirms the safety of the procedure in non-tertiary, high-volume colonoscopy centers. The number of polyps removed per patient, the polyp size, morphology and location, as well as the sedation dose and the method of polypectomy were shown as relevant risk factors.
Vitamin D 2021 – mehr als nur
Prävention
Authors: Spitz Jörg 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungVitamin D hat eine überragende Bedeutung für die menschliche
Gesundheit, bei Fertilität und Schwangerschaft, Vorbeugung von akuten
Erkrankungen wie Atemwegsinfekten und insb. in der Prävention
zahlreicher chronischer Erkrankungen. Große Teile der deutschen
Bevölkerung leiden an einem Vitamin-D-Mangel. Gerade Kinder sind oft
unzureichend versorgt, während sich die Situation bei Menschen in der 2.
Lebenshälfte in den letzten Jahren durch Supplementation verbessert hat.
Vitamin D sollte zur Kompensation eines Mangels täglich eingenommen
werden, da freies Cholecalciferol in den ersten 24 Stunden nach Einnahme bes.
gut verfügbar ist.
Genetics Landscape of Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss in Indian Populations
Authors: Ray Manisha , Sarkar Saurav , Sable Mukund Namdev 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCongenital nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) has been considered as one of the most prevalent chronic disorder in children. It affects the physical and mental conditions of a large children population worldwide. Because of the genetic heterogeneity, the identification of target gene is very challenging. However, gap junction β-2 (GJB2) is taken as the key gene for hearing loss, as its involvement has been reported frequently in NSHL cases. This study aimed to identify the association of GJB2 mutants in different Indian populations based on published studies in Indian population. This will provide clear genetic fundamental of NSHL in Indian biogeography, which would be helpful in the diagnosis process.
Revisited interpretation ofTa’ārof
Authors: Yaqubi Mojde 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpeech acts used in doingta’ārof(Iranian system of politeness) have been conceptualized in terms of both positive (i.e. sincere or genuine) and negative (i.e. ritual or ostensible) meanings. This study aimed to revisit the interpretation of the negative meaning by concentrating onta’ārof(ritual) offers produced by characters in Iranian films. First, these items were identified and distinguished from their genuine counterparts based on the strategies used in their structures and analysing their contextual features respectively. Then, the researcher proposed a model in which she adopted the notion ofLeech’s (1983)meta-implicature (indirect implicature) to explicate the negative meaning ofta’ārofoffers. She grouped a series of effective factors in working out these meta-implicatures. Finally, a tentative hierarchy of stages for identification and interpretation ofta’ārofoffers in Iranian films were proposed.
Adjectival and verbal agreement in the oral production of early and late bilinguals
Authors: Alarcón Irma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Extended oral production has seldom been used to explore adjectival and verbal agreement in L2 Spanish. This study examines oral narrations to compare the agreement behavior, speech rates, and patterns of errors of highly proficient Spanish heritage and L2 learners (early and late bilinguals, respectively), whose L1 is English, with those of native controls. Although both bilingual groups displayed high agreement accuracy scores, only the early bilinguals performed at or close to ceiling. In addition, the L2 learners spoke significantly more slowly than the heritage and native speakers, who displayed similar speech rates. Explanations accounting for the differences in speech rates and agreement accuracy include age of acquisition of Spanish, syntactic distance between a noun and its adjective, and task effects. All of these factors favored the early bilinguals, enhancing their advantages over L2 learners. Findings suggest that the integrated knowledge and automatic access needed for native-like attainment in agreement behavior in extended oral production is more easily achievable by early than by late bilinguals.
Atomistic effect of laterally and vertically growth shell on physical behaviours of CdSe/CdTe type-II core/crown and core/shell nanoplatelets: tight-binding theory
Authors: Sukkabot Worasak 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Utilizing the atomistic tight-binding theory, the impact of the lateral and vertical potential confinement by the coated shell on the CdSe/CdTe core/crown and core/shell nanoplatelets (NPLs) is attained. The spatial charge separation and encapsulated shell have a noteworthy impact on the electronic structures and optical properties because of the type-II band profile. The reduced band gaps with the growing laterally and vertically passivated shell thicknesses are due to the quantum confinement phenomena. The optical band gaps adjusted across the visible light are achieved by the shell thickness change. The excitonic binding energies of CdSe/CdTe core/shell NPLs are larger than those of CdSe/CdTe core/crown NPLs. Thanks to the spatial charge separation, a shortening of the oscillation strengths is concomitant with an increase of the radiative lifetimes. Overall, this scientific research underlines the importance of the theoretical understanding and practical control by lateral and vertical confinement of heterostructure NPLs.
Impact of Cr3+ substitution on the nephelauxetic ratio and Racah parameter of Cr-Mn-Zn nanoferrites
Authors: Abdo M A , Sadeq M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For the first time, we present the ligand field splitting (10Dq) nephelauxetic ratio (β), Racah parameter (B) and stability of Cr3+ within Mn–Zn nanoferrite which synthesized using the citrate route. These parameters were determined via optical absorption spectra. The obtained bands in the significance range of optical absorption spectra are wide as well as asymmetric; therefore the deconvolution process becomes a necessary task. The values of 10Dq and B have been estimated from the produced bands. The values of 10Dq are observed to increase from 16366.61 to 16447.37 cm−1 whereas, B values are observed to decrease from 829.81 to 760.80 cm−1 with additional Cr3+ substitution. The increasing 10Dq and decreasing B values, evidence for bonds between Cr3+ ions with their environments became a further covalent (less ionic). Moreover, the values of β are observed to decrease for further Cr3+ substitution. This decrease of β produces less stability between Cr3+ and its ligand. Furthermore, Dq/B values declare that Cr3+ centers are in the low-field sites by a slight tendency towards the high-field sites with further Cr/Fe substitution process. Therefore, it was suggested that Cr3+ substituted Mn–Zn nanoferrites are excellent candidates for diverse optical applications such as a tunable laser.
Effect of Ti incorporation on the electronic structure and optical properties of MoS2 (a first principle study)
Authors: Akhtar Perveen , Khan Muhammad Junaid Iqbal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The novelty of the Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) emerges owing to its opportunity to replace graphene and Si technology. In order to explore the great potential of the MoS2 in current technology, its doping with the titanium (Ti) is performed using the first principle calculations. The exchange and correlation effects are approximated using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof, generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) as employed in the Wien2k code. The Ti atoms substitute the Mo atoms and different concentrations (3.7%, 5.55%, 12.5%) are computationally realized in the current study. A review of the partial density of states (PDOS) and total density of states (TDOS) suggest a remarkable contribution of Ti 3d-states while these dopant states appreciably participate in tuning the electronic properties of Ti doped MoS2 (Ti:MoS2). A blueshift in the absorption spectrum is noticed along with increase in Ti concentrations which leads to its potential uses in the high energy visible optoelectronic applications. Moreover, an increase in dielectric constant and refractive index is observed which further extends the uses of the proposed material (Ti:MoS2) in the fields of photonic, photodetectors, optics, and photosensing applications.
Robustness of multipartite entangled states for fermionic systems under noisy channels in non-inertial frames
Authors: Kim Kwang-Il , Pak Myong Chol , Kim Tae-Hyok , Kim Jong Chol , Ko Yong-Hae , Pak Hak Chol 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigate robustness of bipartite and tripartite entangled states for fermionic systems in non-inertial frames, which are under noisy channels. We consider two Bell states and two Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, which possess initially the same amount of entanglement, respectively. By using genuine multipartite (GM) concurrence, we analytically derive the equations that determine the difference between the robustness of these locally unitarily equivalent states under the amplitude-damping channel. We find that tendency of the robustness for two GHZ states evaluated by using three-tangle τ and GM concurrence as measures of genuine tripartite entanglement is equal to each other. We also find that the robustness of two Bell states is equal to each other under the depolarizing, phase damping and bit flip channels, and that the same is true for two GHZ states.
Freedericksz transition in ferronematic liquid crystal under weak anchoring conditions
Authors: Lahiri T , Pushkar S K , Poddar P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Freedericksz effect is investigated theoretically for a ferronematic liquid crystal, which is a colloidal suspension of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a nematic fluid. Considering a splay type Freedericksz geometry, weak anchoring conditions are assumed at the cell boundaries. The specific nature of this anchoring reveals a rich variety of stable ferronematic phases, which include uniform, distorted and saturated states. Apart from weak anchoring conditions at the cell boundaries, soft planar anchoring is assumed for the mesogenic molecules at the surface of a nanoparticle. The interplay between these two anchoring phenomena along with Frank type elastic theory determine the values of Freedericksz threshold between various ferronematic states. It is found that compared to relatively strong anchoring for the mesogens both at the cell boundaries and at the surface of the nanoparticles, weak anchoring significantly reduces the Freedericksz threshold field. Landau theory is then utilized to understand the nature of transition between different ferronematic states. Based on the phenomenon of segregation effect, these transitions are found to be either first order or second order in nature. The present theory is also extended to non-ferromagnetic nanoparticles and significant reduction in Freedericksz threshold is obtained. Finally, these results are corroborated with experimental findings.
Cell–extracellular matrix dynamics
Authors: Doyle Andrew D , Nazari Shayan S , Yamada Kenneth M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The sites of interaction between a cell and its surrounding microenvironment serve as dynamic signaling hubs that regulate cellular adaptations during developmental processes, immune functions, wound healing, cell migration, cancer invasion and metastasis, as well as in many other disease states. For most cell types, these interactions are established by integrin receptors binding directly to extracellular matrix proteins, such as the numerous collagens or fibronectin. For the cell, these points of contact provide vital cues by sampling environmental conditions, both chemical and physical. The overall regulation of this dynamic interaction involves both extracellular and intracellular components and can be highly variable. In this review, we highlight recent advances and hypotheses about the mechanisms and regulation of cell–ECM interactions, from the molecular to the tissue level, with a particular focus on cell migration. We then explore how cancer cell invasion and metastasis are deeply rooted in altered regulation of this vital interaction.
Experimental study of perturbations modeled by a membrane in 2D and 3D boundary layers
Authors: Sadovskii I A , Katasonov M M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe work is devoted to experimental studies of the dynamics of the development of perturbations introduced by a membrane under various conditions. The studies were carried out under conditions of a low and moderate degree of free-flow turbulence. It is shown that the impulsive motion of the membrane generates a localized longitudinal structure in the boundary layer, as well as wave packets at its fronts. A circular membrane generates wave packets consisting of forward and oblique waves, while a rectangular membrane generates predominantly forward waves. A moderate degree of turbulence inhibits the development of wave packets at the linear stage and intensifies at the nonlinear stage. The separation of the boundary layer stimulates an increase in the amplitude of the wave packets.
Numerical study of the flow around a circular cylinder with the slip length boundary effect at a critical Reynolds number
Authors: Sentyabov A. , Gavrilov A. , Dekterev A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents an investigation of the slip length effect on the flow around a circular cylinder at Reynolds number Re = 2.5·105. The study was performed by means of numerical simulation of the flow with the URANS approach based on the k-ω SST model. Calculations show a significant effect of the slip length on the flow patterns. With an increase in the slip length, the drag coefficient noticeably decreases and the pulsations of the lift force reduce. With an increase in the slip length, the separation of the flow from the cylinder is delayed, which significantly affects the flow patterns in the wake behind the cylinder.
Temperature distribution in the three-layered upper mantle beneath a continent
Authors: Kirdyashkin A G , Kirdyashkin A A , Borodin A V , Kolmakov V S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Temperature distribution in the upper mantle underneath the continent, as well as temperature distribution in the lower mantle, is obtained. In the continental lithosphere, the solution to the heat transfer equation is obtained in the model of conduction heat transfer with inner heat within the crust. To calculate the temperature distribution in the upper and lower mantle, we use the results of laboratory and theoretical modeling of free convective heat transfer in a horizontal layer heated from below and cooled from above.
Penetration of vertical pulsed jets in crossflow at low velocity ratio
Authors: Dobroselsky K G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Using the visualization method, the initial rise and penetration of a circular turbulent pulsed jet into a transverse air flow are studied at the ratio of jet velocities to the transverse flow r = u

j
/u

f
= 0.67–2.33. A comparative assessment of the penetration of a pulsating jet into a transverse flow for frequencies from 0 to 20 Hz is carried out. The cases of both stationary and oscillating jet flows are analyzed. The penetration of a pulsating jet into a transverse flow is shown to be more significant than for a stationary one and depends on an increase in the ratio of velocities and frequency: it increases linearly at a fixed frequency and passes through a minimum at a fixed ratio of velocities.
Flow and heat transfer in the separation region behind a backward-facing step with convergently mounted plates of longitudinal vortex generator
Authors: Terekhov V I , Dyachenko A Yu , Zhdanov V L , Smulsky Ya J , Sharov K A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the dynamics of separated flow and heat transfer behind a backward-facing step when using longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) at an angle of -30º at Re = 4000. Longitudinal vortex generators represent a pair of plates with a height of 6 mm, located symmetrically relative to the flow. Along with the average values, the pulsation characteristics of the flow are considered. The thermohydraulic efficiency was estimated by the found dynamic and thermal characteristics.