bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Average Linkage and K-Means Methods in Clustering Indonesia’s Provinces Based on Welfare Indicators
Authors: Yusniyanti A L , Virgantari F , Faridhan Y E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study compares two clustering methods, i.e. average linkage and K-means, in grouping Indonesia’s provinces based on welfare indicators in education, health, and income. Data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) covering Indonesia’s 34 provinces are used. Welfare variables exercised in this study are population, rate of population with government-assisted health covers, morbidity rate, human development index, expense rate per capita, and rate of the population aged 15 or over who graduated from junior high school (completed Year 9). Results show that the average linkage method generates three clusters; the first cluster of which consists of 32 provinces, while the second and third clusters each consist of only one province. On the other hand, the K-means method is set to generate equally three clusters. Unlike the first method, K-means’s first cluster, in this case, consists of 14 provinces, while its second and thirds clusters consist of 13 and 7 provinces, respectively. Performances of both methods are measured using the variance ratio. The average linkage and k-means cluster methods yield variance ratios of 0.08275 and 0.28881, respectively. Based on these criteria, the average linkage method is shown to exercise a better performance due to its smaller variance ratio.
Modification of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS)
Authors: Prihastuti Yasmirullah Septia Devi , Otok Bambang Widjanarko , Trijoyo Purnomo Jerry Dwi , Prastyo Dedy Dwi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) is a nonparametric regression method that can accommodate additive effects and interaction effects between predictor variables. Generally, MARS has been used for modeling pairs of data with continuous or categorical responses. One type of categorical data that needs special attention in modeling is count data. The count data is often encountered, especially in the health sector. The existence of count data motivates the development of the theory and application of the MARS method, which is the Multivariate Adaptive Poisson Regression Spline (MAPRS). The MAPRS is a combination of MARS and Poisson regression. It can accommodate and analyze the data according to its type and distribution. The application of MAPRS to model the count of Tuberculosis (TB) shows that it outperforms the Poisson regression.
A Novel Treatment of Antibiotic Effluent pollution From Abattoirs In Mosul City
Authors: Aldweag Abdullah F. S. , Albanna Ayman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Beta-lactam substances released into the environment by continuous using via human, animal and plant protection from bacterial infection. These of antibiotic presence has considered very dangerous problem of the public health in general throughout many side effects. Also, the prevalence of antibiotics into the wastewater abattoirs leads to environmental hazard as results of remains into the surrounding and difficulty disposal. In this study, the research have focused on how to elimination of antibiotic from wastewater abattoirs (animal slaughtered sources), in particular, subunits of wastewater stations have not ability to trapping these kinds of substances. Chemical pathways have used to interact directly with Beta-lactam group and convey to the chemical complex and easy to completely removal from wastewater discharged by using Copper sulfate salts. Our results found that using four molecules of CuSo4 for one molecule of Beta-lactam, in order to complete removal process and possibility reusing it at the same time almost 300% percentage. Also, for increase the reaction process, it is recommended to use optimal a temperature between 40-60 ° C. Overall, we need strict laws to limit the spread of antibiotic contamination in the nature as a results of harmful and side effects on all creatures.
The application of electronic management in the agricultural extension organization in Iraq
Authors: Salih Al-Hamdany Majeed Hadi , Abd Al-Rekibe Hakeem Sultan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The application of electronic management in the agricultural extension organization in Iraq has been studied through four fields in the application, as the form included four item, namely: scientific recommendation, extension activities, agricultural employees, and administrative affairs, to enhancing the ability to implement electronic management in the agricultural extension organization. This research was executed in the province of Iraq. The provinces It was divided into four regions, which is next: Northern, Central, Middle Euphrates, and Southern governorates, 4,4,4,3, respectively, the study was carried out of 400 agricultural employees, the a proportional sample of 50% from the total respondents, which included 16 extension centers, 57 extension farms, the Agricultural Extension and Training Department Center, The descriptive approach was used to achieve the objects of the research about the electronic management of the extension organization in Iraq, the data was collected using the questionnaire, for analyzed the data use the (Frequency, and percentage). the results showed that the application of electronic management in the agricultural extension organization is Weak, and a few departments, divisions, extension centers and extension farms of the agricultural extension organization use electronic management in performing agricultural extension activities to communicate scientific recommendations to farmers and deal with agricultural employees in modern management. the recommended to use electronic management in the agricultural extension organization to save time and effort in communicating agricultural scientific guidelines quickly and communicating what is modern to farmers in developing agricultural production.
Effect of rootstock and bio-fertilizers on some mineral concentrations in the leaves of Local Lemon (Citrus
limon L.) transplants and available nutrients in the Media
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Faris F. A. , Al-Aareji Jassim M. A. , Al-Taae Ali K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in the Lath-house/Department of Horticulture and landscape design/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul on budded local lemon (Citrus
limon L.) at one year old, by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors, three replications and four transplants for each experimental unit, First factor was rootstock(soure orange and Citrumelo swingle), second factor was inoculation with Bacillus
subtilis bacteria and Trichoderma
harzianum fungi, in addition to control treatment (without inoculation), as the inoculation with the bacterial and fungus suspension was carried out twice a season according to the treatments, by adding 10 ml.transplant−1 in each addition, first was in the mid-March and the second was after three months of first treatment. Results indicated that the transplants budded on C. swingle gave the highest values of leaves concentration and soil availability of N, P and available Fe in the media, while the transplants budded on soure orange gave the highest values of leaves K and Fe concentrations. As for biological fertilizers the inoculation with T.
harzianum gave the highest values of leaves N and K concentrations and availability of N and Fe in the media, while the inoculation with B.
subtilis gave the highest values of other parameters(leaves concentrations of P and Fe and P availability in the media). The interaction between rootstock and bio-fertilizers significantly effected on all studied characteristics, the interaction between C. swingle and T.
harzianum gave the highest values of leaves N and available N in the media, while the interaction between C. swingle and B.
subtilis gave the highest values of leaves P and its availability in the media, as for leaves K, the interaction between soure orange and T.
harzianum gave the highest values of it, while the interaction between soure orange and B.
subtilis gave the highest values of leaves Fe concentration.
Application GIS Software to Determine the Distribution of T.D.S. Concentrations Along the Tigris River
Authors: Chabuk Ali , Abed Salwan Ali , Al-Zubaidi Hussein A. M. , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Maliki Ali A. A. , Ewaid Salam Hussein , Laue Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tigris River is a major source to supply water for a big part of Iraq. Lately, Iraq has experienced water shortage problems such as variability in climate and the building of huge dams in the upstream countries (Turkey and Iran). In this work, the total dissolved salts (T.D.S.) were measured at fourteen sites on the Tigris River in two periods of the year 2014. The first period consisted of six rainy-months (April–September) and the second period covered non-rainy-months (October-March). Interpolation technique of inverse-distance-weighting (I.D.W.) in ArcGIS was applied to create the prediction maps of the river for (T.D.S.) concentration in both periods. The findings revealed that the (T.D.S.) levels continued to the last site in Al-Qurnah-city (Basrah) from the first site in Fish-Khabur-city (S-1). In the first period, the (T.D.S.) levels at fourteen selected sites were over the levels in the second period. According to World-Health-Organization (2003), the (T.D.S.) concentration on the Tigris River in both periods in 2014 was graded into five classes, then, the prediction maps of the (T.D.S.) classifications were created.
Application weight mathematical model (WQI) to assess water quality for irrigation: A case study of Tigris river in Nineveh governorate
Authors: Al-Saffawi Abdulaziz Y. T. , Al-Shanoona Reem A.A. , Alobidy Omar M. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe current study included a qualitative assessment of the water of the Tigris river in Nineveh governorate for irrigation purposes using the sub-index model (IWQI) that was applied to eleven parameters of irrigation water to identify the quality of the river’s water for irrigation. Water samples were collected monthly from nine sites on the river starting from November. Until august to conduct physiochemical analyzes, as well as calculating the irrigation parameters. The results indicated that the water quality index values ranged between (29.08-41.46). Despite the high values of the index with the course of the river, especially the city of Mosul, due to the drainage of sewage through many estuaries spread on both sides of the river, the water quality in the studied sites was of the excellent water category for irrigation.
Effect of organic manure and tillage depths on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production
Authors: Muhsin Sadiq J , Ramadhan Marwan N , Nassir Aqeel J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the factors affecting the productivity of sunflower is poor management of soil service operations such as tillage depth. As choosing the depth of tillage helps in increasing the growth of the root system, which is reflected in the plant vegetative growth. Although the addition of animal manure can increase the activities of microorganisms in the soil and the soil contents of available nutrients, the effects on sunflowers were not tested under dry land conditions of Basrah province. Field experiment was carried out during the 2020 growing season, at two locations, to determine the effect of three tillage depths (10, 20 and 30 cm) and four organic manure levels (M0 = without manure, M1 = 6 t ha−1, M2 = 8 t ha−1, M3 = 10 t ha−1) on sunflower performance, seed yield and selected soil properties. Results showed that, the maximum vegetative parameters, yield component and yield were recorded at 30 and 20 cm tillage depth treatments at the both growing locations without significant differences between them compared to 10 cm tillage depth. Number of seeds head−1 was not influenced by tillage depth treatments over the two locations. Tillage depth of 30 cm significantly improved seed yield as compared to 10 cm tillage depth. The maximum seed yield recorded by 30 cm tillage depth. The application of organic manure had a significant effect on sunflower seed yield, biomass yield, head diameter, 500 seed weight, seeds head−1, leaf area, leaves plant−1, plant height and stem girth at the both growing locations.
The implications of urban expansion to commuter travel behavior in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area
Authors: Suharto B B , Kusuma M E , Wijaya K A P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
For decades, urban development is characterized by a rapid growth population and built-up expansion into the outskirts. Residential development shifted from the city center to the suburbs or the peripheral area, known as suburbanization. Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) is a primate urban area in Indonesia, marked with only 0.33% of the national land area. Still, this region contributes about one-fourth of Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and accommodates about 12,4 % of Indonesia’s total population in 2017. JMA is still rapidly growing and encouraging the expansion of residents into its suburbs, and this will affect the travel behavior of daily commuting to and from home to destination. This article aims to analyze the implications of JMA expansion to its commuter’s travel behavior from the perspective of the commuter’s social-economic and physical psychological burden. The result of this study shows that the more expansion urban areas in metropolitan areas, the more increasingly causing problems in commuting from the suburbs to activities centers, in term of longer travel distances, longer travel times, more travel cost, and all these cause commuter stress, and more robust for the lower-income groups.
Mapping the green open spaces system in the sub-district of Tangerang, Tangerang City of Banten
Authors: Budiyanti R B , Ardila S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning states that the proportion of green open space in a city area is at least 30 (thirty) percent of the area of an urban area. Tangerang city as one of the cities in the Greater Jakarta area with an area of 17,729,746 hectares, has 13 districts. One of them is Tangerang District which has the most extensive and diverse green open space compared to other districts, but it has not reached 30 percent. In addition, the existing green open space is not connected to one another, so it has not formed a system that can increase the green open space. This study is to find out whether green open space in Tangerang sub-district has the opportunity to form a green space system, in an effort to increase its area. Examination of the green space system can be done by looking at the landscape structure and land use. The overlay method is used to determine the opportunities and green space system that is suitable for Tangerang sub-districts. The results showed that the green open space in Tangerang sub-district had the opportunity to be developed as a green open space system with a linear pattern.
Assessment of local communities capacities on developing ethnographic tourism of Kampung Naga, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Djatmiko A , Syarifuddin D , Raharja A B , Fitriani S A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to examine the capacity of local communities in the administration of tourism. Ethnographic tourism is one of the popular products built in Tasikmalaya Regency. It is known as the capital of Kabarataan of Galunggung which has a Sundanese culture style that is rich with local customs. This is an opportunity to promote Sundanese arts and culture as well as concerns of disruption caused by open access to outside communities. Kampung Naga offers physical and non-physical potential which gives a unique experience for tourists. The improvement of local community and their capability in managing tourism have a significant role on developing ethnographic tourism. The research method used is in the form of descriptive qualitative through several stages; an interview to a stakeholder of tourism organizers in Kampung Naga, an act of compiling community capacity data using radar diagrams, and an interpretation of community capacity in zoning the village area. Based on the analysis, the development of tourism activities in Kampung Naga actually provides economic benefits for local people and education of human and natural harmony for visitors. Local people also have a good capacity in maintaining the socio-cultural identity and the use of the environment in developing sustainable tourism.
Research in the effectiveness of acid treatments productive formations on oil fields in Western Siberia
Authors: Akopov A S , Yanukyan A P , Kushch I I , Kaverzin S A , Beketov S B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Article studies the efficiency of acid bottom-hole formations treatment dependence in productive zones of the Sangopai formation from various technological parameters. The correlation dependencies of the average production rate of oil before and after acid treatment in addition to the analysis of acid treatment influence on the injection wells infectivity are presented. The purpose of this research is to determine the most optimal technological parameters of bottom-hole formation zone acid treatment.
Optimal management of older people with frailty non-weight bearing after lower limb fracture: a scoping review
Authors: Aloraibi Saleh , Booth Vicky , Robinson Katie , Lunt Eleanor Katharine , Godfrey Deborah , Caswell Alan , Kerr Margaret , Ollivere Benjamin , Gordon Adam Lee , Gladman J R F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with lower limb fractures who are non-weight bearing are at risk of the complications of the associated immobility and disability, particularly people with frailty, but there is lack of clarity about what constitutes optimal care for such patients. A scoping literature review was conducted to explore what evidence is available for the management of this patient group.

Methods
MEDLINE (PubMed) CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane databases of published literature and the HMIC and SIGLE sites for grey literature were searched for primary research studies and expert reports, using an iterative approach initially including the key term ‘non-weight bearing’. All study types were included. Analysis was by narrative synthesis.

Results
No papers were identified from a search using the key phrase ‘non-weight bearing’. With this term removed, 11 indirectly relevant articles on lower limb fractures were retrieved from the searches of the electronic databases comprising three observational studies, five non-systematic review articles, a systematic review, an opinion piece and a survey of expert opinion that had relevance to restricted weight bearing patients. The observational studies indicated depression, cognition and nutrition affect outcome and hence have indirect relevance to management. The non-systematic reviews articles emphasised the importance of maintaining strength and range of movement during immobilisation and advised an orthogeriatric model of care. Fourteen UK and 97 non-UK guidelines relevant to fragility fractures, falls and osteoporosis management were found in the grey literature, but none made specific recommendations regarding the management of any period of non-weight bearing.

Discussion
These findings provide a summary of the evidence base that can be used in the development of a clinical guideline for these patients but is not sufficient. We propose that, a guideline should be developed for these patients using an expert consensus process.
Using Machine Learning to Identify and Investigate Moderators of Alcohol Use Intervention Effects in Meta-Analyses
Authors: Parr Nicholas J , Loan Christopher M , Tanner-Smith Emily E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo illustrate a machine learning-based approach for identifying and investigating moderators of alcohol use intervention effects in aggregate-data meta-analysis.MethodsWe illustrated the machine learning technique of random forest modeling using data from an ongoing meta-analysis of brief substance use interventions implemented in general healthcare settings. A subset of 40 trials testing brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) was used; these trials provided 344 estimates of post-intervention effects on participants’ alcohol use as well as data on 20 potential moderators of intervention effects. These candidate moderators included characteristics of trial methodology and implementation, intervention design and participant samples.ResultsThe best-fitting random forest model identified 10 important moderators from the pool of 20 candidate moderators. Meta-regression utilizing the selected moderators found that inclusion of prescriptive advice in a BAI session significantly moderated BAI effects on alcohol use. Observed effects were also significantly moderated by several methodological characteristics of trials, including the type of comparison group used, the overall level of attrition and the strategy used to address missing data. In a meta-regression model that included all candidate moderators, fewer coefficients were found to be significant, indicating that the use of a preliminary data reduction technique to identify only important moderators for inclusion in final analyses may have yielded improved statistical power to detect moderation.ConclusionsMachine learning methods can be valuable tools for clarifying the influence of trial, intervention and sample characteristics on alcohol use intervention effects, in particular when numerous candidate moderators are available.
Protlego: a Python package for the analysis and design of chimeric proteins
Authors: Ferruz Noelia , Noske Jakob , Höcker Birte 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMotivationDuplication and recombination of protein fragments have led to the highly diverse protein space that we observe today. By mimicking this natural process, the design of protein chimeras via fragment recombination has proven experimentally successful and has opened a new era for the design of customizable proteins. The in silico building of structural models for these chimeric proteins, however, remains a manual task that requires a considerable degree of expertise and is not amenable for high-throughput studies. Energetic and structural analysis of the designed proteins often require the use of several tools, each with their unique technical difficulties and available in different programming languages or web servers.ResultsWe implemented a Python package that enables automated, high-throughput design of chimeras and their structural analysis. First, it fetches evolutionarily conserved fragments from a built-in database (also available at fuzzle.uni-bayreuth.de). These relationships can then be represented via networks or further selected for chimera construction via recombination. Designed chimeras or natural proteins are then scored and minimized with the Charmm and Amber forcefields and their diverse structural features can be analyzed at ease. Here, we showcase Protlego’s pipeline by exploring the relationships between the P-loop and Rossmann superfolds, building and characterizing their offspring chimeras. We believe that Protlego provides a powerful new tool for the protein design community.Availability and implementationProtlego runs on the Linux platform and is freely available at (https://hoecker-lab.github.io/protlego/) with tutorials and documentation.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.