bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphonium-Mediated Synthesis of a New Class of Indoloquinazoline Derivatives Bearing a C-12 Aryloxy Ester or Spiro-γ-lactone
Authors: Phakhodee Wong , Wiriya Nittaya , Pattarawarapan Mookda , Yimklan Saranphong , Hongsibsong Surat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndoloquinazolines functionalized at C-12, which are structural analogs of the natural alkaloid cephalanthrin B, are readily constructed via Ph3P/I2-mediated one-pot reactions of isatins with aromatic alcohols. In the presence of excess phenols, the C-12 aryloxy ester products are obtained in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Moreover, fused bicyclic hydroxyaryl derivatives such as 8-hydroxyquinoline give rise to novel C-12 spiro-γ-lactone derivatives. A reactive iminium cation species derived from dehydration of the C-12 hydroxy ester precursor is proposed as the transient intermediate responsible for these transformations.
Demographic, Comorbidity, and Episode of Care Trends in Primary Hip Arthroplasty: 2008 to 2018
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed , Warren Jared A. , Barsoum Wael K. , Higuera Carlos A. , Mont Michael A. , Harwin Steven F. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background While previous studies have provided insight into time-trends in age and comorbidities of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients, there is limited recent literature from within the past decade. The implication of these findings is relevant due to the projected THA volume increase and continued emphasis on healthcare system cost-containment policies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify trends in THA patient demographics, comorbidities, and episode of care from 2008 to 2018.
Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) was queried to identify patient demographics, comorbidities, and episodes of care outcomes in patients undergoing primary THA from 2008 to 2018 (n = 216,524). Trends were analyzed using analysis of variances for continuous variables, while categorical variables were analyzed using chi-squared or Monte Carlo tests, where applicable.
Results From 2008 to 2018, there were no clinically significant differences in age and body mass index (BMI) in patients with BMI over 40 kg/m2. However, modifiable comorbidities including patients with hypertension (60.2% in 2008, 54.3 in 2018%, p < 0.001) and anemia (19% in 2008, 11.2%, in 2016, p < 0.001) improved. Functional status and the overall morbidity probability have improved with a decrease in hospital lengths of stay (4.0 ± 2.8 days in 2008, 2.1 ± 2.2 days in 2018, p < 0.001), 30-day readmissions (4.2% in 2009, 3.3% in 2018, p < 0.001), and significant increase in home-discharges (70.1% in 2008, 87.3% in 2018, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Patient overall health status improved from 2008 to 2018. While conjectural, our findings may be a reflection of a global shift toward value-based comprehensive care centering on patient optimization prior to arthroplasty, quality-of-care, and curtailing costs by mitigating perioperative adverse events.This study's level of evidence is III.
Conjunctions and clause linkage in Australian languages
Authors: Luk Ellison , Verstraete Jean-Christophe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study analyses the role of conjunctions in clause linkage in Australian languages. Conjunctions are seemingly straightforward clause-linking devices, but they remain under-studied, both for Australian languages and from a broader typological perspective. In this study, we propose a functional definition of conjunctions, as set against other resources for clause linkage. We show that this captures not just the prototypical free-standing elements (the equivalents ofif,because,butetc.), but also various types of bound markers with a similar function (bound to clause-scoping positions or predicates). We survey the role of conjunctions in a representative sample of 53 Australian languages, showing that they are not a marginal clause linkage resource in Australia, as seems to be assumed in the relevant literature, but often form a major category within clause linkage systems. We also identify a number of areal patterns, based on the size of conjunction inventories and their morphosyntactic features.
Power Efficient Bit Lines: A Succinct Study
Authors: Bhaskara Veeraveni J. , Devi Bhawani K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Reducing the consumption of power in VLSI circuits is challenging. A low power circuit in multi-port memories for power consumption reduction in bit lines is presented here. In this circuit the power of wide gates used in memory bit lines is decreased by reducing the voltage swing of the pull-down network. Wide gates were simulated and the results showed 40% lower power consumption. Processors are another component where power dissipation is high. Various methods are used to decrease the power dissipation. A number of methods reduce bus transitions to limit the power dissipation.
A review on sustainable production of graphene and related life cycle assessment
Authors: Munuera J , Britnell L , Santoro C , Cuéllar-Franca R , Casiraghi C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Advanced materials such as graphene and the family of two-dimensional crystals are very attractive because of the myriad of applications that could be developed based on their outstanding properties. However, as soon as material development reaches enough maturity for production to be scaled up and to enter the market within products, it is crucial to place the technology in the context of possible risks to economic well-being, social equity and environmental harm. This review aims at highlighting the current state of art on sustainable development of graphene-related materials and related environmental impact assessment studies using life cycle assessment (LCA). We show that sustainable development has focused mostly on the use of waste or low cost materials as precursors. However, the findings from relevant LCA studies reveals the limits of this approach, which does not take into account that waste recycling is often very energy intensive. We provide an overview on the life cycle environmental impact assessment, with a focus on global warming potential and energy demand, carried out on different graphene productions methods for specific applications, ranging from composites to electronics. Finally, an outlook is given focussing on the comparison of the different production routes and the results from the LCA.
Tunable physical properties of Al-doped ZnO thin films by O2 and Ar plasma treatments
Authors: Joo Young-Hee , Um Doo-Seung , Kim Chang-Il 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Al-doped ZnO (AZO) is a promising transparent conducting oxide that can replace indium tin oxide (ITO) owing to its excellent flexibility and eco-friendly characteristics. However, it is difficult to immediately replace ITO with AZO because of the difference in their physical properties. Here, we study the changes in the physical properties of AZO thin films using Ar and O2 plasma treatments. Ar plasma treatment causes the changes in the surface and physical properties of the AZO thin film. The surface roughness of the AZO thin film decreases, the work function and bandgap slightly increase, and the sheet resistance significantly decreases. In contrast, a large work function change is observed in the AZO thin film treated with O2 plasma; however, the change in other characteristics is not significant. Therefore, the results indicate that post-treatment using plasma can accelerate the development of high-performance transparent devices.
Partial structure factors derived from coarse-grained phase-separation dynamics on a disordered lattice with density fluctuations
Authors: Sutipanya Puwadet , Arai Takashi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The simplest and most time-efficient phase-separation dynamics simulations are carried out on a disordered lattice to calculate the partial structure factors of coarse-grained A-B binary mixtures. The typical coarse-grained phase-separation models use regular lattices and can describe the local concentrations but cannot describe both local density and concentration fluctuations. To introduce fluctuation for local density in the model, the particle positions from a hard sphere fluid model are determined as disordered lattice points for the model. Then we place the local order parameter as the difference of the concentrations of A and B components on each lattice point. The concentration at each lattice point is time-evolved by discrete equations derived from the Cahn-Hilliard equation. From both fluctuations, Bhatia and Thornton’s structure factor can be accurately calculated. The structure factor for concentration fluctuations at the large wavenumber region gives us the correct mean concentrations of the components. Using the mean concentrations, partial structure factors can be converted from three of Bhatia and Thornton’s structure factors. The present model and procedures can provide a means of analysing the structural properties of many materials that exhibit complex morphological changes.
Calibrated uncertainty for molecular property prediction using ensembles of message passing neural networks
Authors: Busk Jonas , Bjørn Jørgensen Peter , Bhowmik Arghya , Schmidt Mikkel N , Winther Ole , Vegge Tejs 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Data-driven methods based on machine learning have the potential to accelerate computational analysis of atomic structures. In this context, reliable uncertainty estimates are important for assessing confidence in predictions and enabling decision making. However, machine learning models can produce badly calibrated uncertainty estimates and it is therefore crucial to detect and handle uncertainty carefully. In this work we extend a message passing neural network designed specifically for predicting properties of molecules and materials with a calibrated probabilistic predictive distribution. The method presented in this paper differs from previous work by considering both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty in a unified framework, and by recalibrating the predictive distribution on unseen data. Through computer experiments, we show that our approach results in accurate models for predicting molecular formation energies with well calibrated uncertainty in and out of the training data distribution on two public molecular benchmark datasets, QM9 and PC9. The proposed method provides a general framework for training and evaluating neural network ensemble models that are able to produce accurate predictions of properties of molecules with well calibrated uncertainty estimates.
Practical implementation of remote continuous glucose monitoring in hospitalized patients with diabetes
Authors: Baker Matt , Musselman Megan E , Rogers Rachel , Hellman Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Inpatient diabetes management involves frequent assessment of glucose levels for treatment decisions. Here we describe a program for inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) at a community hospital and the accuracy of rtCGM-based glucose estimates.

Methods
Adult inpatients with preexisting diabetes managed with intensive insulin therapy and a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were monitored via rtCGM for safety. An rtCGM system transmitted glucose concentration and trending information at 5-minute intervals to nearby smartphones, which relayed the data to a centralized monitoring station. Hypoglycemia alerts were triggered by rtCGM values of ≤85 mg/dL, but rtCGM data were otherwise not used in management decisions; insulin dosing adjustments were based on blood glucose values measured via fingerstick blood sampling. Accuracy was evaluated retrospectively by comparing rtCGM values to contemporaneous point-of-care (POC) blood glucose values.

Results
A total of 238 pairs of rtCGM and POC data points from 10 patients showed an overall mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of 10.3%. Clarke error grid analysis showed 99.2% of points in the clinically acceptable range, and surveillance error grid analysis showed 89.1% of points in the lowest risk category. It was determined that for 25% of the rtCGM values, discordances in rtCGM and POC values would likely have resulted in different insulin doses. Insulin dose recommendations based on rtCGM values differed by 1 to 3 units from POC-based recommendations.

Conclusion
rtCGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible. Evaluation of individual rtCGM-POC paired values suggested that using rtCGM data for management decisions poses minimal risks to patients. Further studies to establish the safety and cost implications of using rtCGM data for inpatient diabetes management decisions are warranted.
The Role of Parental Control and Support in Declining Adolescent Drinking: A Multi-Level Study Across 30 European Countries
Authors: Vashishtha Rakhi , Pennay Amy , Dietze Paul M , Livingston Michael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Adolescent drinking has declined in many high-income countries since the early 2000s. It has been suggested that changing parenting practices may have contributed to the decline. However, previous studies investigating parenting have focused on single countries and have provided conflicting evidence. This study tested the association between changes in individual- and population-level parental control and parental support and changes in past month adolescent drinking.

Methods
A total of 271,823 adolescents aged 15–16 years, from 30 European countries between 2003 and 2015 were included in this study. Our key independent variables were adolescent reports of parental control and parental support. Our outcome measure was a dichotomous measure of any alcohol use in the 30 days before the survey, referred as past month drinking. Aggregated measures of parenting variables were used to estimate between-country and within-country effects of parenting on adolescent drinking. Data were analysed using three-level hierarchical linear probability methods.

Results
At the individual-level, we found a negative association between the two parental measures, i.e. parental control (β = −0.003 and 95% CI = −0.021 to 0.017) and parental support (β = −0.008 and 95% CI = −0.010 to 0.006) and past month drinking. This suggests adolescents whose parents exert higher control and provide more support tend to drink less. At a population level, we did not find any evidence of association on between-country and within-country parenting changes and past month drinking.

Conclusions
It is unlikely that changes in parental control or support at the population-level have contributed to the decline in drinking among adolescents in 30 European countries.
Public Perception of Ideal Breast Shape
Authors: Kelly Jason D , Comstock Bryan , Shauly Orr , Smartt James M , Gould Daniel J 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in trends related to body-shaping procedures. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, nearly 300,000 breast augmentation procedures were conducted in 2019. Learning the ideal shape of a breast and which esthetics lead to public perception of the most attractive breast is beneficial to properly performing these procedures.ObjectivesThe authors aimed to quantify the public’s perception of attraction to breast shape by measuring public opinion for various esthetic elements of breast anatomy and linking this to various demographic factors.MethodsSurvey responses were collected from 1000 users of Amazon Mechanical Turk to collect demographic data and ask users to rank preferences for randomized image panels of breast proportions.Results960 responses were used for analysis. A majority of respondents were male (60%), with a plurality being 25 to 34 years old (49.3%). The most notable preferences between all groups were breast projection proportion and nipple direction, with preferences of 1.0 and frontal nipple direction, respectively. Breast width to shoulder width ratio also had a clear preference among the crowd, with 105% being the preferred percentage, and the 25 to 34 age group having a very strong preference for this.ConclusionsThe authors used a crowdsourcing survey technique with randomized image panels to analyze ideal breast preference using images of various anatomical traits of the female breast. It was concluded that crowdsourcing can be a favorable technique for learning ideal overall preferences for specific anatomy.
P003 SUMMER TRIAL: MESH VERSUS SUTURE REPAIR IN SMALL UMBILICAL HERNIAS IN ADULTS: A STUDY PROTOCOL FOR A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Melkemichel Maria , Bringman Sven , Granåsen Gabriel , Widhe Björn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
A gold standard procedure for small umbilical hernia repairs is still lacking today. There is an increasing evidence that mesh could be advantageous in lowering recurrence rates. A question remains with regard to optimal anatomical positioning of the mesh. We hypothesize that the use of an onlay-mesh can reduce recurrence rates without increasing complications compared to a simple-suture repair.

Material and Methods
A prospective, national, multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing a standardized 4x4 cm onlay mesh to a conventional suture repair will be conducted. 288 patients with a primary elective umbilical hernia ≤ 2 cm from 7 participating Swedish surgical centers will be enrolled. Intraoperative randomization will take place. Trial participants and follow-up clinical surgeons will be blinded to the assigned allocation. The primary outcome assessed will be postoperative recurrence at 1 and 3 years. Secondary outcomes assessed will be postoperative complications at 30 days and pain 1 year after surgery.

Results
140 participants are included since February 2020 and 95 participants are randomized.

Conclusions
How to best repair a small umbilical hernia continues to be debated. A small onlay-mesh may become an easy and a safe method of choice to reduce recurrence rates in small umbilical hernia defects. This trial design should allow for a good assessment of differences in recurrence rate with due to the large sample size and the adequate follow-up. Guidelines for small umbilical hernia repairs have stressed the need for reliable data to improve treatment recommendations. We can expect that this trial will have a direct implication on small umbilical hernia repair standards.
P004 TREATMENT OF RECURRENT INGUINAL HERNIA AFTER TRANSINGUINAL PREPERITONEAL (TIPP) SURGERY
Authors: van Silfhout Lysanne , van Hout Ludo , Jolles Myrthe , Theeuwes Hilco P. , Bökkerink Willem J.V. , Vriens Patrick W.H.E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
To report feasibility and surgical outcomes of recurrent inguinal hernia repair after TransInguinal PrePeritoneal (TIPP) repair.

Material and Methods
Patients who underwent recurrent IHR after TIPP between January 2013 and January 2015 in a single hernia-dedicated teaching hospital were included. Exclusion criteria were femoral hernia, incarcerated hernia and reasons for unreliable follow-up. Electronic medical records were assessed retrospectively to register surgical outcomes and complications.

Results
Thirty-three patients underwent surgical repair of recurrent inguinal hernia after TIPP. Twenty patients were treated with a “re-TIPP when possible” strategy; resulting in 13 successful re-tipps and 7 conversions to Lichtenstein repair. Eleven patients underwent primarily a Lichtenstein’s repair, the remaining two patients underwent recurrent IHR using other techniques (transrectus sheath Pre-Peritoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal repair). Mean time of surgery was 44.7 minutes (standard deviation 16.7). There was one patient (3.0%) with a re-recurrent inguinal hernia during follow-up. Other minor complications included urinary tract infection. There were no significant differences in post-operative results between the different surgical techniques used for recurrent IHR.

Conclusions
These results indicate that after TIPP it is feasible and safe to perform re-surgery for recurrence with an anterior approach again. For these recurrences, a Lichtenstein can be performed, or a ‘re-TIPP if possible’ strategy can be applied by experienced TIPP surgeons. Whether a re-TIPP has the same advantages over Lichtenstein as is for primary inguinal hernia surgery, needs to be evaluated in a prospective manner.
P009 BEYOND TANAKA INDEX: PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT WITH 3D TECHNOLOGY IN LARGE HERNIAS WITH LOSS OF DOMAIN
Authors: Ramos Alexander Osorio , Diaz Rafael , Sanchez Raquel , Sanchón Lorena , Guariglia Claudio , Pardo Sara , Farré Roser , Guell Mercé , Ayala Bartomeu , Collera Pablo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aim
“Demonstrate step by step the planning that was carried out using 3D technology in pre-surgical assessment for complex hernia.”

Material and Methods
“57-year-old female, surgical record of laparoscopic uterine myomectomy 20 years ago, has an eventration with loss of domain on the left flank and a giant uterine myoma.
A multidisciplinary assessment was carried out for surgical decision, myomectomy was rejected.
Presurgical preparation was decided with progressive pneumoperitoneum (PPP) technique (1 week before surgery) associated with botulinum toxin (4 weeks before surgery).
The patient specific volumes of the abdominal cavity and the eventration were measured with 3D technology resulting in a volume ratio (VR) of 34% pre-PPP, VR post-PPP and botulinum toxin was 9,8%.
We compared these results to Tanaka index and we found a significant difference between the two techniques.”

Results
“During surgical intervention, multiple tumors were evidenced in the hernia content, distal ileum, cecum and omentum, peroperative pathological anatomy reported leiomyomas.
An ileocecal resection+Omentectomy+TAR was performed.
Patient was discharged on the 5th day without incidents.
A definitive diagnosis of Diffuse Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis was made.”

Conclusions
“3D technology might represent a better tool to calculate intraabdominal and hernia volume, providing greater safety for the patient and the surgeon to avoid compartment syndrome.
We found a significant difference between volumes measurements between Tanaka index and 3D technology.
3D technology gives us an unprecedented perspective for surgical planning in complex abdominal wall surgery
The use of PPP and botulinum toxin is a safe and reproducible technique for hernia with loss of domain.”