bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steady‐state estimation of thermal contact conductance between sliding disk and stationary cylinder with similar/dissimilar materials under the isothermally heated boundary condition
Authors: Tafazzoli Aghvami Kian , Shojaeefard Mohammad Hassan , Jourabian Mahmoud 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn accurate understanding of the thermal contact conductance (TCC) is imperative for the enhancement of the performance and service life of metallic cylindrical joints. However, the evaluation of the TCC between conforming cylindrical solids is quite intricate, as it depends on the temperature, pressure, roughness, relative sliding speed, and thermophysical properties of solids. Instead of generating contacting surfaces stochastically, in this communication, an experimental setup in the lab‐scale consisting of a stationary cylinder and a sliding hot disk has been fabricated in which temporal evolutions of the temperature on both solids are recorded by thermocouples. Effects of the disk temperature and relative sliding speed on the steady‐state TCC have been investigated. There is a cylindrical interface between two conforming smooth solids of similar/dissimilar materials. As there is the differential expansion of cylindrical solids due to the temperature gradient, the diameter of sliding disks has been truncated to fix the radial gap (contact pressure). Inverse solution with the conjugate gradient method along with the adjoint problem has been applied to estimate the steady‐state TCC. One‐dimensional heat transfer analysis shows that frictional heating is negligible. The steady‐state TCC is almost constant longitudinally along the axis of the steel cylinder. Under identical initial and isothermally heated boundary conditions, the TCC between the aluminum disk and cylinder is higher than that between steel disk and cylinder. Also, the TCC has been increased with a rising slope when the working temperature is enhanced. However, the augmentation of the relative sliding speed engenders a decreasing slope in the TCC graph.
Paradoxical effects of galloyl motifs in the interactions of proanthocyanidins with collagen‐rich dentin
Authors: Alania Yvette , Zhou Bin , Reis Mariana , Leme‐Kraus Ariene A. , McAlpine James B. , Chen Shao‐Nong , Pauli Guido F. , Bedran‐Russo Ana K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlant‐derived proanthocyanidins (PACs) mediate physicochemical modifications to the dentin extracellular matrix (ECM). The structure–activity relationships of PACs remain largely unknown, mostly due to the varied complex composition of crude extracts, as well as the challenges of purification and mechanistic assessment. To assess the role of galloylated PACs as significant contributors to high yet unstable biomodification activity to the dentin ECM, we removed the galloyl moieties (de‐galloylation) via enzymatic hydrolysis from three galloyl‐rich PAC‐containing extracts (Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, and Hamamelis virginiana). The biomechanical and biological properties of dentin were assessed upon treatment with these extracts vs. their de‐galloylated counterparts. An increase in the complex modulus of the dentin matrix was found with all extracts, however, the crude extract was significantly higher when compared to the de‐galloylated version. Exhibiting the highest content of galloylated PACs among the investigated plants, Camellia sinensis crude extract also exhibited the biggest relapse in mechanical properties after one‐month incubation. De‐galloylation did not modify the damping capacity of dentin ECM. Moreover, PAC‐mediated protection against proteolytic degradation was unaffected by de‐galloylation. The de‐galloylation experiments confirmed that gallic acid in galloylated rich‐PAC extracts drive stronger yet significantly less sustained mechanical effects in dentin ECM.
Investigation of cytotoxic effect of the bufanolide steroid compound cinobufagin and its related underlying mechanism in brain cell models
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Shong , Lin Yung‐Shang , Liang Wei‐Zhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCinobufagin, a bufadienolide of toad venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans, is used as a cardiotonic, central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, as well as an analgesic and anesthetic. However, several research showed that bufadienolide has a few side effects on the CNS, such as breathlessness or coma. Although cinobufagin was shown to display pharmacological effects in various models, the toxic effect of cinobufagin is elusive in brain cell models. The aim of this study was to explore whether cinobufagin affected viability, Ca2+ homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Gibco® Human Astrocyte (GHA) and HCN‐2 neuronal cell line. In GHA cells but not in HCN‐2 cells, cinobufagin (20–60 μM) induced [Ca2+]i rises. In terms of cell viability, chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N'N'‐tetraacetic acid reduced cinobufagin‐induced cytotoxicity in GHA cells. In GHA cells, cinobufagin‐induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or SKF96365. In a Ca2+‐free medium, treatment with thapsigargin or U73122 abolished cinobufagin‐evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Furthermore, treatment with N‐acetylcysteine reversed ROS production and cytotoxicity in cinobufagin‐treated GHA cells. Together, in GHA cells but not in HCN‐2 cells cinobufagin caused cytotoxicity that was linked to preceding [Ca2+]i rises by Ca2+ influx via store‐operated Ca2+ entry and phospholipase C‐dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, cinobufagin induced ROS‐associated cytotoxicity.
Precursor effects on the physical, biological, and catalytic properties of Fagonia indica Burm.f. mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Hameed Safia , Khalil Ali Talha , Ali Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Rahman Lubna , Numan Muhammad , Khamlich Saleh , Maaza Malik , Ullah Ikram , Abbasi Banzeer Ahsan , Alasmari Fawaz , Shinwari Zabta Khan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report a facile, green and precursor‐based comparative study on the biosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using anticancerous Fagonia indica as effective chelating agent. Biosynthesis was carried out using zinc sulfate and zinc acetate as precursor salts to make ZnOS and ZnOA NPs under similar experimental conditions which were characterized extensively for physical and biological properties. Scherrer equation deduced a mean crystallite size of ~23.4 nm for ZnOA NPs and ~41 nm for ZnOS NPs. The nature of the NPs was compared using UV, diffuse reflectance spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis–DTA, selected area electron diffraction, EDS, zeta potential, high resolution (HR)‐SEM, and HR‐TEM. Detailed in vitro pharmacognostic activities revealed a significant therapeutic potential for ZnOA and ZnOS. Potential antimicrobial activities for the NPs and their nanocosmeceutical formulations are reported. ZnOA NPs were more cytotoxic to Leishmania tropica as compared to ZnOS. Significant antioxidant and protein kinase inhibition was obtained. The hemolytic assay indicated a hemocompatible nature of both ZnOA and ZnOS NPs. Catalytic degradation of crystal violet dye (CVD) by NPs was examined under different parameters (light, dark, UV). Furthermore, sonophotocatalytic degradation of CVD was also studied. Our results suggested that precursor can have a significant effect on the physical, biological, and catalytic properties of the NPs. In future, we recommend different other in vitro, in vivo biological activities, and mechanistic studies of these as‐synthesized NPs.
Morphometrical, histological, and scanning electron microscopic investigations on the hard palate of Rahmani sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Madkour Fatma A. , Mohammed Elsayed S. I. , Radey Rasha , Abdelsabour‐Khalaf Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the hard palate of Rahmani sheep (Ovis aries). Samples from nine healthy adult male sheep were investigated using morphometrical, histological and scanning electron microscopic examination. Morphologically, the hard palate was elongated, narrow rostrally, and wide caudally. The incisive papilla was heart‐shaped, flanked on both sides by a groove on which the nasopalatine duct opened. The palatine raphe was in the form of a groove that contained a ridge caudally. On both sides of the raphe, 13–15 pairs of palatine ridges were present and mainly occupying the narrow part. The wide part had a rough part that contains few ridges rostrally and a smooth part caudally. Histologically, the incisive papilla and palatine ridges were lined by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium resting on a dense layer of lamina propria. The incisive papilla characterized by the presence of seromucoid salivary glands and hyaline cartilage fragments in the lamina propria. The salivary glands became abundant and well‐developed in the wide part till the end of hard palate. All palatine salivary glands were Alcian blue‐periodic acid–Schiff positive. By scanning electron microscopy, numerous gland openings were scattered on the surface of the palatine ridges. In conclusion, the hard palate of Rahmani sheep presented characteristic features, which may be related to the species differences, feeding behavior, and possible functional adaptations. This is the first study to report the presence of cartilaginous segments and salivary glands in the incisive papilla and provide detailed descriptions of the Rahmani sheep hard palate.
Triangles in C5‐free graphs and hypergraphs of girth six
Authors: Ergemlidze Beka , Methuku Abhishek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new approach and prove that the maximum number of triangles in a ‐free graph on vertices is at most
We show a connection to ‐uniform hypergraphs without (Berge) cycles of length less than six, and estimate their maximum possible size. Using our approach, we also (slightly) improve the previous estimate on the maximum size of an induced‐‐free and ‐free graph.
Technoscientific control of nature: The ultimate paradox
Authors: Fichman Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current interlinked environmental and socioeconomic global crises constitute the gravest threat to humanity's well‐being, indeed survival, today. Studies of the historical roots and contemporary manifestations of the various elements of these crises—including accelerating environmental degradation, unfettered capitalist technoscientific/industrial expansion, overpopulation, and overconsumption—are plentiful. Also well‐known is the influence of Francis Bacon's writings, particularlyThe Advancement of Learning(1605),NovumOrganon (1620), and the utopianNewAtlantis (1627), on the development of empiricism and the modern scientific method as well as the reform and organization of scientific research. Bacon's significance for the founding of the Royal Society of London (1660) and for the plan and structure of theEncyclopedie(1751–1772), coupled with his oft‐cited aphoristic injunctions to study nature to control/dominate it, are staples in the lore and justification of technoscience. I argue that the enduring appeal of so‐called Baconianism derives, in part, from a fundamentalmisappropriationof certain of Bacon's original ideas. Specifically, the complex ethical and religious framework within which Bacon situated his vision of scientific and technological development was discarded (or ignored) so that, by the early decades of the 18th century, Baconianism had come to be understood almost exclusively for its utilitarian role in society. This deracinated version became the familiar trope of technoscience's unlimited potential to transform nature (including human nature and behavior) in the service of an ideology of industrial/consumerist expansion since then. Linkage between the history of science/technology and addictive consumerism, apparent by the close of the 19th century, has been insufficiently examined. Such addictive consumerist behavior and continued virtually unregulated industrialization and production, were effectively removed from ethical scrutiny and a high degree of material acquisition and personal/societal rapaciousness became the norm rather than the exception in most countries. I suggest that further historical deconstruction of this denuded Baconianism will yield important insights in the search for viable solutions to the present global socioenvironmental crises.
Diagnostic Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Low Back Pain Caused by Vertebral Endplate Degeneration
Authors: Din Rahman Ud , Cheng Xiaoguang , Yang Haisheng 
Published: July 2021

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health issue worldwide with a huge economic burden on healthcare systems. In the United States alone, the cost is estimated to be $100 billion each year. Intervertebral disc degeneration is considered one of the primary causes of LBP. Moreover, the critical role of the vertebral endplates in disc degeneration and LBP is becoming apparent. Endplate abnormalities are closely correlated with disc degeneration and pain in the lumbar spine. Imaging modalities such as plain film radiography, computed tomography, and fluoroscopy are helpful but not very effective in detecting the causes behind LBP. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to acquire high‐quality three‐dimensional images of the lumbar spine without using ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is increasingly being used to diagnose spinal disorders. However, according to the American College of Radiology, current referral and justification guidelines for MRI are not sufficiently clear to guide clinical practice. This review aimed to evaluate the role of MRI in diagnosing LBP by considering the correlative contributions of vertebral endplates. The findings of the review indicate that MRI allows for fine evaluations of endplate morphology, endplate defects, diffusion and perfusion properties of the endplate, and Modic changes. Changes in these characteristics of the endplate were found to be closely correlated with disc degeneration and LBP. The collective evidence from the literature suggests that MRI may be the imaging modality of choice for patients suffering from LBP.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage3
Optimization of granular formulations of Metarhizium humberi microsclerotia with humectants
Authors: Catão Alaine M. L. , Rodrigues Juscelino , Marreto Ricardo N. , Mascarin Gabriel M. , Fernandes Éverton K. K. , Humber Richard A. , Luz Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGranular microsclerotial formulations of entomopathogenic fungi deserve attention because of their post‐application, in situ production of new conidia that enhance and prolong mycoinsecticidal efficacy against a target pest insect. Because high ambient moisture is a crucial condition to induce fungal development and conidiogenesis on granules, we tested the impacts of the additions of three humectants—glycerin, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol 400—on water absorption by pellets incorporating microsclerotia of Metarhizium humberi IP 46 with microcrystalline cellulose or vermiculite carriers, and on the production of infective conidia of IP 46 microsclerotia in ambient humidities suboptimal for routine conidiogenesis. Glycerin facilitated greater and faster absorption of water than the other humectants. Microcrystalline cellulose absorbed low quantities of water without any added humectant whereas vermiculite did not. IP 46 did not grow or sporulate on pellets prepared with or without glycerin at 86% relative humidity (RH) or on control pellets without glycerin at 91% RH; conidial production on pellets prepared with vermiculite or microcrystalline cellulose and 10% glycerin reached 1.1 × 105 conidia/mg and 1 × 105 conidia/mg, respectively, after 20 days of exposure at 91% RH. Hence, these results strongly support glycerin as a suitable humectant for granular microsclerotial formulations of this fungus.
Prevalence of mesothelin expression in peritoneal disease from colorectal and appendiceal cancers
Authors: Yoon Dong H. , Ibrahim Ahmad , Tatishchev Sergei , Duldulao Marjun P. N. , Lee Sang W. , Shin Joongho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMesothelin is a cell surface glycoprotein overexpressed in 28%–58% of colorectal cancer (CRC). We hypothesized that CRC mesothelin expression contributes to peritoneal spread and that it is selectively overexpressed in those with peritoneal metastasis versus distant metastasis.MethodsThis case–controlled study involved mesothelin immunohistochemistry staining of tumor specimens from patients with metastatic CRC/appendiceal cancers between 2017 and 2019. Staining reactivity was graded from trace to 4+ (low ≤1+; high >1+). Staining patterns were characterized on global (focal/patchy/diffuse) and cellular (apical/cytoplasmic) levels. Immunostaining of normal mesothelial cells served as internal control.ResultsThirty‐one patients were identified: 11 peritoneal (study) and 20 distant metastasis (control). The control group did not include appendiceal cancers. The study group had greater proportion of high staining reactivity (55% vs. 5%; odds ratio [OR] = 20.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96–211.8). The study group had more diffuse (36% vs. 0%; OR = 22.2, 95% CI 1.1–465.3) and cytoplasmic staining patterns (73% vs. 28%; OR = 6.9, 95% CI 1.3–37.2).ConclusionMesothelin expression is higher in CRC/appendiceal cancers with peritoneal metastasis than those with distant metastasis. Immunohistochemistry staining patterns suggestive of propensity towards peritoneal metastasis include diffuse and cytoplasmic staining. Mesothelin may be a potential target for novel treatments of CRC/appendiceal carcinoma with peritoneal involvement.
Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation is associated with prolonged recurrence‐free survival following surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Lindsey M. , Schuitevoerder Darryl , White Michael G. , Feldt Susan , Krishnan Pranav , Hyman Neil , Shogan Benjamin D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecent studies suggest that bacteria influence the pathogenesis of primary colorectal cancer (CRC), yet their role in recurrence after resection is largely unknown. We have discovered that collagenase‐producing bacteria promote cancer recurrence in mice, and that antibiotic bowel decontamination decreases colonization of these same organisms in humans. We hypothesized that preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation would improve disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing surgery for CRC.MethodsWe reviewed a cancer registry of patients treated for CRC at a tertiary center. Patients who received bowel preparation were compared to those that did not via a 1:1‐propensity score matched for follow‐up, age, sex, BMI, stage, location, chemoradiation, infection, anastomotic leak, and blood transfusion.ResultsOne thousand two hundred and seventy‐nine patients met inclusion criteria. Following propensity score matching, 264 patients receiving bowel prep were matched to 264 patients who did not. Kaplan–Meier estimates showed that patients who received bowel prep had a significantly improved 5‐year DFS compared to those that did not (76.3% vs. 64.2%; p < .01). Cox regression demonstrated that bowel prep was associated with improved DFS (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37–0.89; p < .01).ConclusionCombined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation is independently associated with improved recurrence‐free survival in patients undergoing surgery for CRC.
Seed germination traits predict seedling emergence rather than survival of Stipa breviflora in populations along a latitude gradient
Authors: Zhang Zuxin , Luo Xinping , Chen Dali , Chen Lijun , Hu Xiaowen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeed germination is a key stage for successful seedling establishment, and thus it should be considered when selecting the seed source for ecological restoration. However, how seed germination traits of wild species in the laboratory contribute to seedling emergence and establishment under natural conditions is not well known. In this study, seeds from 12 populations collected in 2017 and 14 additional populations collected in 2018 of Stipa breviflora were used for laboratory germination tests and field seedling establishment evaluation in the Alxa Desert and at Yuzhong on the Loess Plateau. Depending on germination conditions, seed germination percentage showed a positive, negative, or no correlation with the latitude of seed collection. Seedlings derived from seeds collected in southern populations had a higher establishment percentage in southern growing sites than those from northern populations, and vice versa, suggesting that populations are locally adapted at the seedling survival stage. Germination in laboratory was generally positively correlated with seedling emergence in the field. There was positive relationship between lab germination and field seedling survival at Yuzhong Station, while negative relationship was observed at Alxa Station. These results suggested that high germination percentages could be adaptive or maladaptive depending on offspring growth conditions. Thus, seed source selection based on germination traits should take offspring growing conditions into consideration.
A review in radiomics: Making personalized medicine a reality via routine imaging
Authors: Guiot Julien , Vaidyanathan Akshayaa , Deprez Louis , Zerka Fadila , Danthine Denis , Frix Anne‐Noelle , Lambin Philippe , Bottari Fabio , Tsoutzidis Nathan , Miraglio Benjamin , Walsh Sean , Vos Wim , Hustinx Roland , Ferreira Marta , Lovinfosse Pierre , Leijenaar Ralph T.H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRadiomics is the quantitative analysis of standard‐of‑care medical imaging; the information obtained can be applied within clinical decision support systems to create diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive models. Radiomics analysis can be performed by extracting hand‐crafted radiomics features or via deep learning algorithms. Radiomics has evolved tremendously in the last decade, becoming a bridge between imaging and precision medicine. Radiomics exploits sophisticated image analysis tools coupled with statistical elaboration to extract the wealth of information hidden inside medical images, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and/or Positron emission tomography (PET) scans, routinely performed in the everyday clinical practice. Many efforts have been devoted in recent years to the standardization and validation of radiomics approaches, to demonstrate their usefulness and robustness beyond any reasonable doubts. However, the booming of publications and commercial applications of radiomics approaches warrant caution and proper understanding of all the factors involved to avoid “scientific pollution” and overly enthusiastic claims by researchers and clinicians alike. For these reasons the present review aims to be a guidebook of sorts, describing the process of radiomics, its pitfalls, challenges, and opportunities, along with its ability to improve clinical decision‐making, from oncology and respiratory medicine to pharmacological and genotyping studies.
Dual‐beam and dual‐mode circularly polarized antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide technology
Authors: Tian Shuai , Tang Hongyan , Guan Xin , Xu Wenchengzhang , Yu Yiming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article presents a dual‐beam dual‐mode circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The antenna is etched with an octagon slot on upper surface of a SIW rectangular cavity, which has size of. Four square patches with the same size and a cross‐shaped patch are placed in the slot. Experiments are conducted both on simulation and measurement, showing the proposed antenna can radiate two beams simultaneously at 10.9 GHz. One beam is left‐handed circular polarization (LHCP) pointing at phi = −45and theta = 30°, the other beam is right‐handed circular polarization (RHCP) pointing at phi = +45° and theta = 40°. The measured axial ratio (AR) bandwidths are 1.46% (10.8–10.96 GHz) and 1.19% (10.82–10.95 GHz) for LHCP and RHCP beams respectively. Both CP beams can achieve 20 beamwidth for 3‐dB AR. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulations.