bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of functional diversity and facilitation in small‐scale pollinator habitat
Authors: Fuccillo Battle Kerissa , de Rivera Catherine E. , Cruzan Mitchell B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPeople in urban and rural areas are planting habitat patches for pollinators in response to growing public awareness of the risks of pollinator declines; yet research rarely has been undertaken to inform the composition of such patches. Determining which key functional plant traits to prioritize and how plant–pollinator interaction dynamics operate in these small‐scale, fragmented patches is critical to ensuring the efficacy of pollinator restoration efforts across landscapes. We established small‐scale (2.5 m diameter) experimental patches and manipulated plant diversity and resource level (nectar) to determine the effects on pollinator abundance, pollinator diversity, and plant–pollinator facilitation–competition dynamics. Our results showed that in small‐scale habitat, plant diversity and resource availability significantly affected the abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Specifically, the treatments that contained high‐resource plant species increased pollinator abundance and diversity the most. Plant diversity increased pollinator diversity and abundance only in the absence of high‐resource plants. Pollination facilitation was observed in high‐resource treatments, but varied among plant species. Competition for pollinators was observed in high‐diversity treatments but did not affect seed set for high‐resource plants in any of the treatments. Our results suggest that managers or landowners planting small‐scale pollinator habitat should prioritize including species with high nectar production, and secondarily, a diverse mix of species if space and resources allow. The protocols we used to monitor pollinators can be used by community science observers with limited training, expanding the potential for assessment of future pollinator habitat restoration projects. Shared research identifying features critical to effective restoration will help conserve plant–pollinator mutualisms across landscapes.
A satellite‐based mobile warning system to reduce interactions with an endangered species
Authors: Breece Matthew W. , Oliver Matthew J. , Fox Dewayne A. , Hale Edward A. , Haulsee Danielle E. , Shatley Matthew , Bograd Steven J. , Hazen Elliott L. , Welch Heather 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarth‐observing satellites are a major research tool for spatially explicit ecosystem nowcasting and forecasting. However, there are practical challenges when integrating satellite data into usable real‐time products for stakeholders. The need of forecast immediacy and accuracy means that forecast systems must account for missing data and data latency while delivering a timely, accurate, and actionable product to stakeholders. This is especially true for species that have legal protection. Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus (Atlantic sturgeon) were listed under the United States Endangered Species Act in 2012, which triggered immediate management action to foster population recovery and increase conservation measures. Building upon an existing research occurrence model, we developed an Atlantic sturgeon forecast system in the Delaware Bay, USA. To overcome missing satellite data due to clouds and produce a 3‐d forecast of ocean conditions, we implemented data interpolating empirical orthogonal functions (DINEOF) on daily observed satellite data. We applied the Atlantic sturgeon research model to the DINEOF output and found that it correctly predicted Atlantic sturgeon telemetry occurrences over 90% of the time within a 3‐d forecast. A similar framework has been utilized to forecast harmful algal blooms, but to our knowledge, this is the first time a species distribution model has been applied to DINEOF gap‐filled data to produce a forecast product for fishes. To implement this product into an applied management setting, we worked with state and federal organizations to develop real‐time and forecasted risk maps in the Delaware River Estuary for both state‐level managers and commercial fishers. An automated system creates and distributes these risk maps to subscribers’ mobile devices, highlighting areas that should be avoided to reduce interactions. Additionally, an interactive web interface allows users to plot historic, current, future, and climatological risk maps as well as the underlying model output of Atlantic sturgeon occurrence. The mobile system and web tool provide both stakeholders and managers real‐time access to estimated occurrences of Atlantic sturgeon, enabling conservation planning and informing fisher behavior to reduce interactions with this endangered species while minimizing impacts to fisheries and other projects.
An integrated simulation method for soil‐structure interaction analysis of nuclear structures
Authors: Huang Xu , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Kwon Tae‐Hyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the development, implementation and application of an integrated simulation method for non‐linear soil‐structure interaction (SSI) analysis of nuclear structures. The integrated simulation method allows decomposition of the soil‐structure system into three subsystems: the superstructure, the soil‐foundation interface, and the soil domain. Each decomposed subsystem can be modelled independently using a proper finite element analysis program to accurately represent its non‐linear behaviour as per the current guideline for non‐linear SSI analysis of nuclear structures. The integrated simulation method is applicable to both static and dynamic analysis cases. The method was applied to the detailed SSI analysis of a realistic nuclear containment structure. The analysis was benefited by using different analysis tools for the three subsystems to capture both material and geometrical nonlinearities such as sliding and gapping at the soil‐foundation interface. The integrated model was compared with the model based on the fixed‐base assumption. Different results address the importance of non‐linear SSI analysis for seismic performance assessment of nuclear structures.
Antenna selection in nonorthogonal multiple access multiple‐input multiple‐output systems aided by machine learning
Authors: de Souza Junior Wilson , Bruza Alves Thiago A. , Abrão Taufik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work proposes a transmitter antenna selection (TAS) method for multiple‐input multiple‐out (MIMO) nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) that is a promising multiple access technique for the fifth generation mobile communications systems. Specifically, we propose to activate the more suitable subset of base station antennas while allocating users into appropriate NOMA clusters such that the system operates in energy efficiency mode, selecting such appropriate antenna subset indexes that maximize the sum‐rate (SR) of the NOMA‐MIMO system. Once that the TAS based on exhaustive‐search is very complex to be implemented in real communication systems, we propose an effective TAS method based on machine learning while keeping very promising performance. A convolutional neural network‐based transmitter antenna selection (CNN‐TAS) method is proposed for efficiently select antennas aiming at maximizing the system SR. Hence, extensive numerical results demonstrate that the CNN‐TAS can suitably learn the problem, performing with very high accuracy choosing properly the antenna subset that maximizes the system spectral efficiency while reducing substantially the processing time of real‐time operations.
Variable impacts on growth of deficit irrigation on Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy and Poa pratensis L
Authors: Burgin Hanna R. , Wear Glenl A. , Hansen Neil C. , Hopkins Bryan G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs average global temperatures rise, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy (triploid interspecific hybrid bermudagrass; HBG) may be increasingly suited for traditionally cooler climates where Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass; KB) is common. The objective of this study is to evaluate growth for two HBG cultivars (‘DT‐1’ and ‘NorthBridge Turf Bermudagrass’) compared with KB in all combinations of deficit, moderate, and high irrigation. The HBG had significantly more shoot and root biomass and root depth than KB, with the latter having a higher shoot to root ratio. Differing responses to deficit irrigation were also observed between the two HBG cultivars. When drought stressed, NorthBridge Turf Bermudagrass seems to send roots deeper into the soil to capture the water stored there while DT‐1 grows thicker masses of roots at a shorter depth to maximize its ability to capture water near the surface. These data provide a direct comparison of HBG and KB—quantifying the response for root and shoot growth under deficit irrigation when grown under cool‐season conditions. These data suggest that irrigation needs, especially in regions with increasing water scarcity, will likely be less for HBG than KB as a function of more extensive root systems.
Effects of mobile phone emissions on human red blood cells
Authors: Chowdhury Aniket , Singh Yashveer , Das Uttam , Waghmare Deepak , Dasgupta Raktim , Majumder Shovan Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRaman spectroscopy was performed on GSM 900 and 1800 MHz mobile phone signal exposed red blood cells (RBCs). The observed changes in the Raman spectra of mobile signal exposed RBCs compared to unexposed control suggest reduced hemoglobin‐oxygen affinity for the exposed cells. The possible mechanism may involve activation of the voltage gated membrane Ca2+ channels by the mobile phone emissions resulting in an increase in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) in cells via altered metabolic activities. Further studies carried out with fluorescent Ca2+ indicator confirmed increased intracellular Ca2+ level in the exposed cells. Since intracellular ATP level influences the shape and mechanics of RBCs, exposed cells were studied using diffraction phase microscopy and optical tweezers. Detectable changes in shape and mechanical properties were observed due to mobile signal exposure.
Cationic chitosan‐modified silica nanoparticles for oral delivery of protein vaccine
Authors: Wu Xi , Farooq Muhammad Asim , Li Tiantian , Geng Tianjiao , Kutoka Perpeuta Takunda , Wang Bo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with Chitosan are exploited here as a potential carrier for oral vaccine delivery. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a protein antigen model to reveal the carrier property. Chitosan‐coated BSA‐loaded silica NPs had particle size 345 ± 60 nm with a cationic surface charge of 18.28 ± 0.71 mV. The encapsulation efficiency, drug loading was 25.34 ± 0.76 and 20.21 ± 0.48%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed the spherical shape of NPs, also confirmed surface coating around modified nanoparticles (NPs), and nitrogen absorption/desorption isotherm confirmed mesostructured inside the NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy did not show any physiochemical interactions between excipients and formulations. The structural stability of antigen after release from NPs was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, and chitosan‐coated silica NPs exhibited a slow‐release pattern. The results of in vivo experiments presented that chitosan‐mesoporous silica NPs could induce a robust immune response in mice, indicating that chitosan‐mesoporous silica NPs might be used as a promising carrier for oral vaccine delivery.
Zinc‐ and strontium‐ co‐incorporated nanorods on titanium surfaces with favorable material property, osteogenesis, and enhanced antibacterial activity
Authors: Chen Yanqi , Zhou Chuan , Xie Yiwen , Xu Antian , Guan Ye , Lu Wei , Wang Xiaoxiang , He Fuming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly infection and peri‐implantitis after implant restoration are major reasons for dental implant failure. Implant‐associated infections are majorly attributed to biofilm formation. In this study, co‐incorporated zinc‐ (Zn‐) and strontium‐ (Sr‐) nanorod coating on sandblasted and acid‐etched (SLA) titanium (SLA‐Zn/Sr) was fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis. It was aimed at promoting osteogenesis while inhibiting biofilm formation. The nanorod‐like particles (φ 30–50 nm) were found to be evenly formed on SLA‐Zn/Sr (Zn: 1.49 ± 0.16 wt%; Sr: 21.69 ± 2.74 wt%) that was composed of well‐crystallized ZnTiO3 and SrTiO3 phases. With a sufficient interface bonding strength (42.00 ± 3.00 MPa), SLA‐Zn/Sr enhanced the corrosion resistance property of titanium. Besides, SLA‐Zn/Sr promoted the cellular initial adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs in vitro while inhibiting the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis . In addition, through down‐regulating icaA gene expression, this novel surface reduced the secretion of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (reduced by 87.9% compared to SLActive) to suppress the S. aureus biofilm formation. We, therefore, propose a new chemical modification on titanium for multifunctional implant material development. Due to the Zn/Sr co‐doping in coating, material properties, early osteogenic effect and antibacterial ability of titanium can be simultaneously enhanced, which has the potential to be applied in dental implantation in the future.
Benchmark calculations of proton affinity and gas‐phase basicity using multilevel (G4 and G3B3), B3LYP and MP2 computational methods of para‐substituted benzaldehyde compounds
Authors: Safi Zaki S. , Wazzan Nuha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study presents the benchmark calculations of proton affinities (PAs) and gas‐phase basicities (GBs) of 8‐para substituted benzaldehyde compounds using the multilevel model chemistries (G3B3 and G4), density‐functional quantum model (B3LYP) and ab initio model (MP2). The results show that the computed properties are strongly correlated with the available experimental data. The PAs and the GBs of other eight para‐substituted benzaldehyde compounds, for which the experimental data does not currently exist, have been calculated using G3B3 and B3LYP methods. The correlations between the experimental PAs and GBs with the computed properties such as PA, GB, chemical properties (bond lengths, electron density and δ1H NMR chemical shift) of the investigated benzaldehydes have been studied and statistically analyzed. The influence of the substituted groups has been discussed in terms of inductive effect and electron donating and electron withdrawing effect. The results obtained show that the chemical properties of the benzaldehyde compounds are controlled by the strong coupling between the CHO group and the nature of the para‐substituent groups through the benzene ring as a conducting linkage.
Development of sustainable and efficient nanocatalyst based on polyoxometalate/nickel oxide nanocomposite: A simple and recyclable catalyst for reduction of nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Kurbah Sunshine Dominic 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of NiO@PolyMo nanocomposite. The newly synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The particle sizes of the NiO@PolyMo nanocatalyst are in the range of 10–20 nm. Powder XRD patterns show that the phase of NiO@PolyMo remains unaltered even after the functionalization of NiO. The lattice fringes of d = 0.20 nm were observed, which correspond to the (111) plane of NiO phase. The newly synthesized material shows excellent catalytic performance and good selectivity for reduction of nitroarenes. The advantages of the present protocols are mild, and can be carried out using water as a solvent, which is an eco‐friendly benign.
Evaluation of the microhardness of different resin‐based dental restorative materials treated with gastric acid: Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Ünal Murat , Candan Merve , İpek İrem , Küçükoflaz Merve , Özer Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the microhardness, relative surface roughness, and elemental changes of resin‐based dental restorative materials (RDRMs) after gastric acid treatment. Five different RDRMs (Group 1 [Filtek Z550], Group 2 [Beautifil II], Group 3 [Vertise Flow], Group 4 [Dyract XP], Group 5 [Fuji II LC]) were used. Samples were formed by using plexiglass molds of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. A total of 50 samples (n = 10) for microhardness tests and a total of 15 samples (n = 3) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis were prepared. All samples of each group were treated to gastric acid, simultaneously. A Vickers microhardness tester was used to evaluate the microhardness of the upper surfaces of each sample. SEM–EDX system was used for microstructure and elemental composition detection. The SEM–EDX, microhardness and relative surface roughness analysis were made prior to treatment in gastric acid for 14 days and analysis were repeated on the 14th day. As the difference in the microhardness values of RDRMs was compared, the time‐dependent variation in all RDRMs was found to be statistically significant. It was observed that a drastic decrease in microhardness values was in Beautifil II, Filtek Z550, Vertise Flow, Fuji II LC, and Dyract XP, respectively. Average decrease rate of microhardness values compared to the initial state can be listed from high to low as Beautifil II (%35.72), Vertise Flow (% 28.88), Fuji II LC (% 21.09), Dyract XP (%17.60), and Filtek Z550 (% 16.58). As a result, in in‐vitro conditions gastric acid decreased microhardness while increasing the relative surface roughness of RDRMs.
Nitrogen dynamics and nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus stoichiometry in cold region agricultural streams
Authors: Friesen‐Hughes Karl , Casson Nora J. , Wilson Henry F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCold agricultural regions are getting warmer and experiencing shifts in precipitation patterns, which affect hydrological transport of nutrients through reduced snowpack and higher annual proportions of summer rainfall. Previous work has demonstrated that the timing of phosphorus (P) concentrations is regionally coherent in streams of the northern Great Plains, suggesting a common climatic driver. There has been less investigation into patterns of stream nitrogen (N), despite its importance for water quality. Using high‐frequency water quality data collected over 6 yr from three southern Manitoba agricultural streams, the goal of this research was to investigate seasonal patterns in N and P concentrations and the resultant impacts of these patterns on N/P stoichiometry. In the spring, high concentrations of inorganic N were associated with snowmelt runoff, while summer N was dominated by organic forms; inorganic N concentrations remained consistently low in the summer, suggesting increased biological N transformation and N removal. Relationships between N concentration and discharge showed generally weak model fits (r2 values for significant relationships ranging from .33 to .48), and the strength and direction of model fits differed among streams, seasons, and forms of N. Dissolved organic N concentrations were strongly associated with dissolved organic carbon. Nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus ratios varied among streams but were significantly lower during summer storm events (p < .0001). These results suggest that climate‐driven shifts in temperature and precipitation may negatively affect downstream water quality in this region.
Catalyst‐free synthesis of quinazolinones by oxidative cyclization under visible light in the absence of additives
Authors: Yang Jiangnan , Xie Zongbo , Chen Zhongsheng , Jin Liang , Li Qian , Le Zhanggao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA general metal‐free oxidative cyclization route was developed to synthesize quinazolinones under visible light. A series of substituted 2‐aminobenzamides were reacted with aldehydes or ketones to produce the desired quinazolinones in good yields. Most importantly, the reaction did not require excess oxidant or high temperatures.
The Associations Between Lung Ultrasonography Scores in the First Day of Life and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Gunes Asli Okbay , Karadag Nilgun , Cakir Hakan , Toptan Handan Hakyemez , Karatekin Guner 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of lung ultrasonography (LU) in predicting noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure and the relationship between lung ultrasonography scores (LUS) with clinical outcomes in neonatal respiratory failure (NRF).MethodsA prospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted in newborns with NRF who needed NIV and were evaluated by LU. The first LUS (LUS1) was calculated at 2–6 hours and the second (LUS2) at 12–24 hours of life. The patients were divided into NIV failure and NIV non‐failure groups. The relationship between LUS and clinical outcomes was evaluated.ResultsAmong 157 neonates, the median (interquartile range) of gestational week and birth weight were 37 weeks (34–39), and 2890 grams (2045–3435), respectively. The reasons for NRF were transient tachypnea of the newborn (n = 92, 58.6%), congenital pneumonia (n = 58, 36.9%), and respiratory distress syndrome (n = 7, 4.5%). The rate of NIV failure was 17.8% (n = 28). Both LUS1 and LUS2 were significantly higher in neonates with NIV failure compared to neonates with NIV non‐failure (P = .001). A cutoff value of LUS1 ≥ 4 predicted NIV failure with 96% sensitivity and 63% specificity. There were positive correlations between LUS and PEEP values, IMV and total MV days, carbon dioxide values, length of hospital stay, and antibiotic days (ρLUS1, P = .843, <.001; .474, <.001; .444, <.001; .258, .001; .212, .008; .270, <.001, respectively).ConclusionsLung ultrasound scores were higher in neonates with NIV failure than with NIV non‐failure group, and strongly correlated with end‐expiratory pressure values. Lung ultrasound scores were found to be related with some of the clinical outcomes of the NRF, and this suggested that LUS could provide information about the prognosis of NRF.
Excitonic Emission in Atomically Thin Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Fu Qiang , Hu Zhenliang , Zhou Mengfan , Lu Junpeng , Ni Zhenhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract2D layered materials derived from their bulk counterparts are intriguing platforms for the exploration of novel optoelectronic applications and fundamental physical phenomena. Among the 2D family, 2D semiconductors with sizable bandgaps, such as transitional metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus, are promising building blocks for next‐generation light‐emitting applications due to their extraordinary optical and photoelectrical properties. Originating from the combined effect of quantum confinement and reduced dielectric screening, the excitonic effect is dominant in ultrathin 2D semiconductors and of essential importance for the performance of 2D light‐emitting diodes (2DLEDs). Herein, a systematic summary and review is presented, where excitonic properties and the main influencing factors, including Coulomb interactions, band structures, carrier dynamics, and external electrical fields, are first analyzed. The recent progress of 2DLEDs as well as their excitonic emission features and electroluminescence manipulation are then introduced. Lastly, the ongoing challenges and future prospects of 2DLEDs are discussed.