bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’innovation frugale peut-elle être un levier de croissance économique pour les pays en développement ?
Authors: Le Bas Christian 
Published: July 2021

L’économie conçoit l’innovation technologique comme le moteur de la croissance. L’abondante littérature traitant de l’innovation frugale n’aborde que marginalement la question de savoir si elle peut être un déterminant de la croissance des pays en développement et des économies africaines en particulier. Cet article traite cette question encore peu envisagée à travers trois volets : 1) le bilan que nous tirons des expériences récentes de forte croissance en Afrique ne met pas en exergue un effet de l’innovation frugale ; 2) le survol des recherches sur la relation innovation/croissance en économies africaines tend à montrer l’existence d’un entrepreneuriat innovant « market push » et « low-cost » sans disposer d’une évaluation de son impact sur la croissance ; 3) on recense et questionne la récente littérature critique sur les promesses de l’innovation frugale. Classification JEL : O13, O31, Q01
La construction d’objets dans des situations d’apprentissage – une comparaison franco-allemande au sujet de la fondation de Rome
Authors: Schelle Carla , Straub Christophe 
Published: July 2021

À partir de deux heures de cours d’histoire, enregistrées respectivement en région parisienne et dans le Land allemand de Rhénanie-Palatinat, nous tenterons de montrer comment l’objet de cours « la fondation de Rome » est constitué réciproquement par les différentes interactions entre le professeur et les élèves. De plus, il s’agira de mettre en évidence si leur manière de constituer l’objet est en lien avec les discours et les prescriptions culturelles et nationales des pays desquels ces interactions proviennent. Sur la base de méthodes qualitatives telles que la Dokumentarische Methode et l’Objektive Hermeneutik , des interprétations séquentielles seront présentées, mettant en exergue l’existence d’éléments tant bien spécifiques que transnationaux dans la manière de constituer l’objet de cours. Les résultats sont encadrés par les aspects méthodologiques d’une recherche comparative.
Clinical Applications of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Keratorefractive Surgery
Authors: Stewart Stephen , Liu Yu-Chi , Lin Molly Tzu-Yu , Mehta Jodhbir S. 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:
To review the contribution of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) to the understanding of corneal wound healing following refractive surgery, and its role in the diagnosis and management of complications arising from keratorefractive procedures.

METHODS:
Review of the basic science and clinical literature relating to the study of keratorefractive surgical procedures using IVCM.

RESULTS:
Extensive research using IVCM has generated a comprehensive understanding of tissue responses after corneal refractive surgery. Epithelial thickness and stromal keratocyte density can be quantified postoperatively and studied longitudinally. Corneal nerve loss and subsequent reinnervation has been characterized and differs significantly between laser refractive techniques. IVCM has also been used to study complications arising from postoperative inflammation (diffuse lamellar keratitis, central toxic keratopathy, ring keratitis, and ectasia), infection (microbial keratitis), and neuropathy (dry eye and neuralgia). This imaging technique can have a critical role in the diagnosis of these complications and subsequent monitoring of treatment response. Manual processing of IVCM images is time-consuming and there may be significant interobserver and intraobserver variability with poor repeatability. However, increasing automation and the use of artificial intelligence is improving the speed and accuracy of image analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
IVCM has historically been confined to a research setting because image capture and subsequent processing was extremely labor intensive. However, advances in both hardware and software capabilities promise to allow the use of IVCM in routine clinical practice. Real-time evaluation of the cornea at a cellular level will be particularly useful in patients with inflammatory, infectious, or neuropathic complications of keratorefractive surgery.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(7):493–503.]
Correlation of Chest Radiographic Findings and Coagulation Abnormality with Disease Severity in COVID-19 Positive Patients
Authors: Aggarwal Yogender , Malhotra Ankur , Arora Deepti , Chandak Shruti , Kumar Ashutosh , Bhandari Vivek 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has engulfed most of the world and has constrained already overburdened health care systems, especially in developing countries. There is an urgent need of a rapid investigation to assess disease severity in suspected patients and the baseline chest radiograph may serve as a triage tool. The aim is to correlate chest radiographic findings and coagulation abnormality with disease severity in COVID-19 positive patients.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study which comprised 100 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positive COVID-19 cases which were clinically stratified into three groups based on clinical parameters. Baseline chest radiograph and serum D-dimer levels at the time of admission for all the patients were reviewed. A radiographic severity score (Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema [RALE]) was determined for all four quadrants of both lungs. The scores of each quadrant were added to yield the final severity score.

Results:
Baseline chest radiograph was abnormal in 75% of patients, whereas 25% of patients had normal chest radiograph. Most frequent radiographic abnormality was ground-glass opacity (GGO) (n = 31, 41.3%) followed by lung consolidation (n = 19, 25.3%), while 7 patients (9.3%) had both GGO and consolidation. The most common pattern of disease distribution was bilateral 34 (57.7%) and peripheral in 58 (69%). The optimal cut-off RALE score for identifying symptomatic patients was ≥3 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.760) and for identifying severe cases was ≥7 (AUC 0.870). Similarly, the optimal cut-off D-Dimer value for identifying symptomatic patients was ≥567 ng/ml (AUC 0.836) and for diagnosing severe disease was ≥1200 ng/ml (AUC 0.99).

Conclusions:
Radiographic RALE score and elevated serum D-Dimer levels correlate strongly with disease severity in COVID-19 patients and can be utilized for early identification of high-risk cases which can ultimately reduce mortality and morbidity.
Prevalence of Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Patients on Antitubercular Therapy
Authors: Singhal Anuj , Singh Sonal , Yadav Arun Kumar , Atal Amar Tej , Shukla Shubham 
Published: July 2021

Background:
As per the World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2019, there were an estimated 10.0 million new TB cases worldwide in 2018, with India (27%) having the maximum burden of the disease. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to antitubercular treatment (ATT) is a serious adverse effect and a major cause of discontinuation of ATT, leading to increased drug resistance, morbidity, and mortality.

METHODOLOGY:
This was an observational study that was conducted at a tertiary care center in South Maharashtra having a dedicated TB nodal center. All newly detected cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and cases of TB after relapse/failure/treatment after default, who reported to this nodal center from January 2019 to June 2019 and in whom Category 1 and Category 2 ATT was started as per the Revised National Tuberculosis Programme protocol, were enrolled in this study.

RESULTS:
Out of 100 enrolled patients, 10 (10%) were diagnosed to have ATT-induced DILI, which is concordant with other studies. No deaths were recorded. However, there was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients who developed DILI (12% males vs. 8% females). No correlation was found with body mass index or alcohol consumption.

CONCLUSION:
A fine balance should be struck between unnecessary discontinuation of ATT and continued safe treatment. Patient and staff education, careful selection of regimen, and close monitoring of risk factors will minimize cases of DILI.
Clinical Profile of Children with Influenza A and B Infections Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Arul Janani , Ponnarmeni Satheesh , Ferdinamarie Sharmila , Dhodapkar Rahul , Kommu Peter Prasanth Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The influenza pandemics have caused serious morbidity and mortality around the world. Only a few studies have described the clinical profile of both influenza A and B infections among children and its seasonal variations.

Aims:
To study the clinical profile of children with influenza (A and B) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in India over a period of 17 months.

Methods:
A retrospective case file review was done for all influenza-positive cases (by real time-polymerase chain reaction) admitted in the ward and pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to May 2019.

Results:
A total of 164 admitted children were screened for influenza, of which 41 children (25%) were positive. Seasonal variation showed highest peak in the month of October with 17 positive cases (41%). Influenza B was observed during the first half of the year 2018 followed by an increase in influenza A infection in the last 6 months. The common presenting symptoms were cough (16, 39%) and respiratory distress (21, 51%). Out of 41, 18 children (44%) required respiratory support, but only 2 (5%) required mechanical ventilation. Hyponatremia was present at admission in 13 (61%) of 21 (51%) tested samples. The median length of hospital stay in the admission hyponatremia group was 7 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4, 15) as compared to the overall median length of stay of 4 days (IQR 3, 7).

Conclusions:
Our study showed a predominance of influenza B in the first half of the year and influenza A infection during the second half. A similar pattern was also seen in the first half of the subsequent year. Further studies are required to understand the impact of hyponatremia in these patients.
Life Skills of Adolescent Girls in Relation to Their Self-concept Developed through Kishori Panchayat
Authors: Guha Ishita , Maliye Chetna H. , Gupta Subodh S. , Garg Bishan S. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The Adolescents for Health Action model: Kishori Panchayat (KP) is a novel community participation approach for mobilizing and empowering adolescent girls. The model is expected to improve life skills of adolescent girls not only through occasional life skills sessions but also by providing them a platform for interaction with peer-groups, villagers and health-care providers, sharing experiences, community level health, and social activities.

Objective:
We aimed to assess whether life skills of KP girls are better in comparison to non-KP girls aged 12–18 years.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 100 KP and non-KP girls, respectively, of aged 12–18 years, selected using random lottery method over 1-year period under Anji and Waifad Primary health center areas (10 villages from each) of rural Wardha, Maharashtra. Validated self-administered scales for communication skill, critical thinking, decision-making, problem-solving, and self-esteem were used. Written consent from participants and permission from institutional ethics committee were taken.

Results:
The mean life skill scores were better among KP girls compared to non-KP with a significant difference (P < 0.001) in both groups regarding communication skill, critical thinking skill, decision-making, problem-solving, self-esteem, and total life skill scores.

Conclusion:
Community-based adolescents for health action model for the rural adolescent girls can empower and enhances their life skills with minimum resource and intensive effort.
Assessment of Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Patterns of Patients with Pancreatitis in South India
Authors: Sunil Julia , Pranavi A. R. , Mohsina Subair , Thulasingam Mahalakshmy , Kumar Sathasivam Suresh , Kate Vikram 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Pancreatitis is common in South India, with a 20-fold higher incidence than the West.

Objectives:
This study was carried out to assess the nutritional knowledge and dietary pattern of patients with pancreatitis in South India.

Materials and Methods:
A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary pattern. An authorial questionnaire (98 questions) was used to assess nutritional knowledge, attitude, and adherence to advice. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 20.

Results:
A total of 86 patients with pancreatitis (acute: 50, chronic: 36) were included. Of them, 13%, 45%, and 42% of the patients had <25%, 25%–50%, and >50% scores, respectively, in nutritional knowledge assessment. Fifty-nine patients perceived their nutritional knowledge to be average (46%) or above average (22%). Restricted food items were avoided by majority, such as fried snacks (34%), raw chilly (67%), garlic (88%), and coffee (48%). Intake of recommended food items like cooked vegetables (94%) was practiced, but frequencies of consuming low-fat milk (0%), egg (8%), etc., were not adequate. Seventy-three percent of the patients knew high-fat/oil consumption was detrimental. Doctor was the source of dietary advice in 92% of patients. Only 32% were satisfied with the dietary advice received. There were no significant correlations between nutritional knowledge, adherence, and factors such as age, gender, education, type of pancreatitis, and disease duration.

Conclusion:
The dietary pattern, nutritional knowledge, and adherence to recommendations in patients with pancreatitis are insufficient, irrespective of demographic/clinicopathological factors.
Omega Sign
Authors: Gosavi Shilpa Nandkishor , Garud Rajendra Somnath 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
With advances in the field of technology microneurosurgery is performed with the use of transcisternal, transfissural, and transsulcul approaches, where sulci present on brain are used as fundamental landmarks. Detailed knowledge of various cerebral sulci and gyri is also essential for neuroimaging techniques. Often neurosurgeons need to work in the central lobe to approach the cortical or subcortical lesions. The aim of the study was to identify and locate omega sign on the precentral gyrus as an indicator of hand area and to provide anatomical basis for the surgical landmark on the cortical surface.

Material and Methods:
Fifty-five cerebral hemispheres were studied in the Department of Anatomy. On the superolateral surface, the central sulcus, pre- and post-central gyri were identified. On the precentral gyrus, the presence of omega sign was observed. When present the height of the omega sign, width at the base, its distance from superior and inferior Rolandic point was noted. Data collected were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 software.

Results:
We observed the presence of omega sign in 26 hemispheres (47.27%). The average height of omega was 9.31 ± 2.94 mm, average width at base was 16.03 ± 3.34 mm. Distance from the superior Rolandic point was 27.53 ± 7.05 mm, while from inferior Rolandic point, it was 52.55 ± 7.8 mm.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Although technology offers modern intraoperative localization tools such as MRI and neuronavigation, anatomical knowledge is important for the surgical planning.
A New Method in Anatomical Education of Medical Faculty
Authors: Colak Tuncay , Orha Ayla Tekin , Tavas Ozan , Aksu Elif , Guzelordu Dilsat , Sivri Ismail , Bamac Belgin , Colak Serap 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
The difficulty to learn anatomy makes it crucial to find the best way to effectively transfer the anatomic knowledge from educators to students. Stories can be used as an advantageous tool, which makes information more rememberable by stimulating cognitive behavior.

Material and Methods:
In order to determine the efficiency of the storytelling technique on the effects of grade point average in the anatomy session, stories were told to term II medical students (n = 132) at the end of the theoretical neurological lesson. A questionnaire with 12 questions was distributed to the students belonging to the pilot study. Grade point average, as well as gender and age (mean: 19.95 ± 0.995) of the students was the other parameters.

Results:
More than 90% of the students agreed that storytelling helps them to understand the subject and more than 70% of the students agreed that storytelling helps them to gather their attention. Furthermore, the statistical comparison with the previous 2 years demonstrated that the grade point average of the storytelling years was higher than the others.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Therefore, we believe that incorporating a storytelling learning style into the traditional anatomy curriculum, will be advantageous for education and will have a positive effect on the grade average. If we are able to revive the story in the minds of the students, we think that the lessons will be more permanent in their memory.
A Cadaveric Study on Subclavius Posticus Muscle
Authors: Bhavya B. S. , Myageri Maheshwari , Smitha M. , Eligar Rajeshwari C. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Subclavius posticus muscle (SPM) is a rare anomalous muscle that traverses from costal cartilage of first rib posterolaterally to superior border of scapula. The aim of the study was to study the prevalence of SPM in adult cadavers.

Material and Methods:
Fifty upper limbs from embalmed cadavers allotted for routine dissection practical for first MBBS students were used for the study. There were twenty male and five female cadavers, with ages ranging from 60 to 80 years, specimens of both sides were used.

Results:
The SPM was found in seven cases out of fifty cases, two on left, and five on the right side of pectoral region.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The presence of variant SPM could be a predisposing causative factor of thoracic outlet syndrome.
Comparison of Maceration Techniques for Retrieval Of Bones
Authors: Soni Anshu , Kumar Ajay , Sharma Anu , Vohra Hitant 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Learning osteology is an essential part of anatomy curriculum. However, recently, there has been a scarcity in the availability of bones for teaching in India. The present study was conducted to compare four different maceration techniques and find the most suitable method to procure bones from an embalmed cadaver. The present study was conducted on dissected human cadavers made available from the department of anatomy.

Material and Methods:
For the first three methods, after dissection, the cadavers were buried in the burial section of the department for 2 years. The bones were washed after excavation. In the first method, detergent was used; in the second, quick lime was used; and in the third, hydrogen peroxide was used. In the fourth method, parts were not buried. The dissected parts were defleshed manually. The bones were freed from the joint. A paste was made using baking soda and 30% hydrogen peroxide. This was applied and bones were kept covered for 24 h. All four methods were compared.

Results:
Based on time required to macerate, ease of soft-tissue removal and complete procurement with minimal damage, the method using 30% H2O2 was the best. For smaller specimens, the new method of applying a paste of baking soda and H2O2 was very effective. The time consumed was very less.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Maceration using 30% H2O2 gave the best result. New method tried is time-saving and useful for small specimens. Soft tissue was removed easily with no/minimal damage to the bone.
An Analysis of Arches of the Foot
Authors: Vijayakumar K. , Senthilkumar S. , Chandratre Soham G. , Bharambe Vaishaly 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to establish a new grading system of pesplanus (PP) and pescavus (PC) based on the severity by a newly proposed parameter plantar surface area (PSA) using a newly designed podoscope device.

Material and Methods:
A total number of 416 healthy participants; 208 men and 208 women aged 21–50 years were included in this study. Plantar surface images were obtained from the podoscope and measurements were made by using the newly proposed parameter and existing parameter. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS Statistical software (version 16.0) and executed at 95% confidence interval. Mean and standard deviations were observed by using the descriptive analysis. The Chi-square test has been performed to find the association, dependency, and validity.

Results:
The analysis of the present study encompasses the grading system of “PP and PC” and also developed a classification system with three grades in PP and PC. This grading system will be a substantiate assessment tool for the diagnosis and also to record the prognosis during the treatment of PP and PC.

Discussion and Conclusion:
The present study has developed a newly designed podoscope and established a newly proposed parameters PSA index and analyzed the prevalence of normal, PP and PC. In this study, gender wise normative value for new parameters PSA index was proposed under the influence of height and foot length. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to grade the PP and PC in a proper scientific morphometric analysis using a newly designed podoscope with a PSA index.
Stress Echocardiography Audit
Authors: Vyas Harin Kamleshbhai , Shah Mitul Abhaykumar , More Neha Vijay 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Stress echocardiography is a very useful diagnostic and prognostic test in the evaluation of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) causing inducible myocardial ischemia. Stress echocardiography has higher sensitivity and specificity as compared to exercise stress electrocardiography, and therefore, the guidelines recommend opting for the former modality over the latter. There are data suggesting that the incidence of major cardiac events is <1% within 12 months of a negative stress echocardiogram showing no reversible ischemia. The present audit was performed to assess the predictive accuracy of stress echocardiography at our center for major cardiac events during the first year of the test.

Methods:
Data for all patients referred for stress echocardiography between March 10, 2015 and December 31, 2018 were captured. All patients were contacted after 1 year to evaluate for any cardiac event (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, need for revascularization or hospital admission related to acute coronary syndrome, and/or heart failure). Analysis was performed using the standard statistical definitions.

Results:
Baseline information was available for 1205 patients (mean age 59 years, 60% males). Of these, 416 (34.4%) had documented CAD; 223 (18.4%) underwent stress echocardiography for chest pain evaluation, whereas 273 (22.6%) underwent the test for preoperative assessment before a noncardiac surgery. Dobutamine stress echocardiography was the modality in 1145 (95.0%) patients; ultrasound contrast was used in 1154 (95.8%) patients. One-year event rates were available for 1024 patients. Stress echocardiography was normal in 1009 (98.5%) of these patients, eight of whom had a cardiac event during the subsequent year, yielding a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.2%. The test was abnormal in 15 (1.5%) patients, but two of them were later found to have normal coronary arteries, yielding a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86.7%. The NPV and PPV were thus both at par or even higher than most other centers. The incidence of complications during stress echocardiography was extremely low.

Conclusions:
This audit shows that stress echocardiography at our center has an excellent safety as well as accuracy for predicting major adverse cardiac events during the subsequent year. Stress echocardiography could thus obviate the need for coronary angiogram and even revascularization in many patients. Our findings also reinforce the value of stress echocardiography as a greatly useful preoperative test for cardiac fitness in patients undergoing a major noncardiac surgery.