bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and confirmation of dengue pre‐ and postintroduction of dengue NS1‐antigen test at the University Malaya Medical Centre: An observational study
Authors: Abd‐Jamil Juraina , Azizan Noor‐Syahida , Che‐Mat‐Seri Nurul‐Asma‐Anati , Yaacob Che‐Norainon , Samsudin Nur‐Izyan , Mahfodz Nur‐Hidayana , Zulkifli Mulya‐Mustika‐Sari , Poh Hooi‐Sim , Teoh Boon‐Teong , AbuBakar Sazaly 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarly diagnosis of dengue is important to ensure proper management of patients and effective implementation of control measures. The present study was undertaken to determine the outcome of the implementation of dengue NS1‐antigen (Ag) rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the confirmation of dengue at the first patient hospital visit at the University Malaya Medical Centre. A total of 1036 and 1097 sera from the year 2008 and 2015 were used, representing samples from before and after dengue NS1‐Ag RDT was implemented as routine diagnostic at the hospital. Results showed that similar dengue confirmation percentage (56%) was made in 2008 and 2015, regardless of the main laboratory diagnostic method used. Confirmation of dengue, however, increased to 68% and 73% when dengue NS1‐Ag test or dengue immunoglobulin M‐capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used as the second test for the 2008 and 2015 samples, respectively. Detection of dengue virus (DENV) using multiplex reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) showed that DENV‐1 was the highest in circulation in 2008 and that both DENV‐1 and DENV‐2 were dominant in 2015. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the introduction and use of the dengue NS1‐Ag RDT did not change or compromise confirmation of dengue, highlighting the advantage of using the method. With the reducing cost of molecular detection tools, DENV detection using RT‐PCR remains a viable option for further confirmation of dengue in hospital settings.
Genomic characterization of a new CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC case from a MSM patient in Guangdong, China
Authors: Huang Xu‐He , Yu Guolong , Zheng Chenli , Zhou Ping‐Ping , Anderson Claire , Zhao Jin , Lam Tommy Tsan‐Yuk , Li Yan , Chen Lin , Lin Peng , Zhang Ming , Yan Jin , He Xiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC clades dominate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in China. Both clades have been identified in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population in Guangdong province, raising a serious concern of possible complex recombination events ahead. Here, we report the first case of CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant sampled from a MSM patient in southern China. The genomic structure of this case is a mosaic with some regions resembling the CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC clades. Our phylogenetic analyses show that the two parental lineages of this recombinant virus were mainly found in the MSM population. This case has a different genomic composition compared with other recombinants descended from the same parental clades CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC. Our finding suggests that the MSM populations have become a hotspot for expanding viral diversity through the viral recombination mechanism. Therefore, further epidemiologic surveillance and monitoring should be conducted within the MSM populations to help advance our knowledge of viral transmission mechanisms. Additionally, these measures will serve to enhance the control and prevention of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in China.
Malnutrition in Hospitalized Adults With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Harris Ché Matthew , Wright Scott Mitchell 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition among hospitalized adults with cerebral palsy (CP) has not been extensively explored. We sought to identify impacts of malnutrition on clinical and resource outcomes among hospitalized adults with CP.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study surveyed years 2016 and 2017 from the National Inpatient Sample database. Regression models evaluated mortality and resource utilization.Results154,219 adults with CP were hospitalized. Among them, 21,064/154,219 (13.5%) had malnutrition. Patients with and without malnutrition were similar in age (mean age ± SEM, 45.1 ± 0.30 vs 45.2 ± 0.18 years; P = .70). Patients with malnutrition were more likely male (12,175/21,604 [57.8%] vs 72,929/133,155 [54.8%], P < .01) and had higher comorbidity scores (Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 3; 2,464/21,064 [11.7%] vs 14,380/133,155 [10.8%]; P = .01). Mortality rates were higher among patients with malnutrition (905/21,064 [4.3%] vs 2,796/21,064 [2.1%], P < .01), and they had higher odds for mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.1; CI, 1.7–2.5; P < .01). Those with malnutrition were less likely discharged home (aOR = 0.52; CI, 0.48–0.56; P < .01). Hospital charges were higher (adjusted mean difference [aMD] = +$42,540; CI, $36,934–48,146; P < .01) and length of stay longer (aMD = +4.3 days; CI, 3.9–4.7; P < .01) among patients with malnutrition.ConclusionMalnutrition in hospitalized patients with CP is associated with increased mortality and hospital resource utilization. Flagging these patients as being ”high risk” when they are hospitalized may result in heightened attentiveness about clinical outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Retrospective Analysis of the Safety and Outcomes of Percutaneous Radiologic Gastrostomy in Obese vs Nonobese Patients
Authors: Sethupathi Sheetal , Walter Kate , Lim Maria , Fang Adam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to compare the safety and outcomes of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) in obese vs nonobese patients.MethodsThis is an institutional review board–approved retrospective study of 109 patients (male:female, 68:41; mean age, 64.7 years; range, 21–94 years) who underwent PRG with or without gastropexy at a single academic medical center between 2015 and 2018. Body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 was defined as obese. Patient demographics, indications, technical success, intraoperative variables, and major/minor complications were analyzed. Major and minor complications occurring within 30 days of the procedure were recorded and categorized based on the Society of Interventional Radiology Quality Improvement guidelines.ResultsOf 109 patients included in the study, 22.9% (n = 25) of patients were obese (average BMI, 34.6 kg/m2; range, 30–50). Overall technical success in the obese and nonobese groups was 100% each. In the obese vs nonobese group, major and minor complications were not significantly different. There were also no significant differences in procedure time, fluoroscopy time, or contrast volume. However, mean peak skin dose was significantly increased in the obese group vs nonobese group (190.3 ± 224.2 vs 59.1 ± 71.1 mGy; P < .0001).ConclusionPRG is a safe procedure in obese patients with similar technical success, major and minor complication rates, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast volume. However, PRG is associated with increased radiation dose with obese patients; therefore, optimal methods of radiation protection should be utilized.
Yield and quality of Amaranthus hypochondriacus grain amaranth under drought and salinity at various phenological stages in southern Italy
Authors: Pulvento Cataldo , Sellami Mohamed houssemeddine , Lavini Antonella 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral studies have shown that grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is tolerant to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. Irrigation applied only during sensitive growth stages can stabilize yield and improve water use efficiency. Given the increasing frequency of salinity and drought stress in European countries and the scarcity of information on grain amaranth responses to combined salt and drought stress, an open field trial was carried out in Italy in order to evaluate the response of one accession of Amaranthus hypochondriacus to various irrigation strategies.RESULTSGrain amaranth yield components were not negatively affected either by different irrigation volumes or by irrigation time. Some differences in seed yield were caused by water quality; salinity significantly reduced seed yield. The combined effect of irrigation time and irrigation volume significantly influenced seed yield. The quality of amaranth seeds was preserved; no significant differences due to simple or combined stresses were found during the three‐year field experiment.CONCLUSIONSThe overall results from this study suggest that A. hypochondriacus can be cultivated in a more sustainable way compared to other protein crops, thus reducing water use and using saline water. It could be introduced to marginal European environments where traditional crops cannot be cultivated. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Applications of porous frameworks in solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Khataei Mohammad Mahdi , Yamini Yadollah , Shamsayei Maryam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPorous frameworks are a term of attracting solid materials assembled by interconnection of molecules and ions. These trendy materials due to high chemical and thermal stability, well‐defined pore size and structure, and high effective surface area gained attention to employ as extraction phase in sample pretreatment methods before analytical analysis. Solid‐phase microextraction is an important subclass of sample preparation technique that up to now different configurations of this method have been introduced to get adaptable with different environments and analytical instruments. In this review, theoretical aspect and different modes of solid‐phase microextraction method are investigated. Different classes of porous frameworks and their applications as extraction phase in the proposed microextraction method are evaluated. Types and features of supporting substrates and coating procedures of porous frameworks on them are reviewed. At the end, the prospective and the challenges ahead in this field are discussed.
Uterine Artery Doppler Reference Ranges in a Twin Caucasian Population Followed Longitudinally From 17 to 37 Weeks Gestation Compared to That of Singletons
Authors: Filipecka‐Tyczka Dagmara , Pokropek Artur , Kajdy Anna , Modzelewski Jan , Rabijewski Michał 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesThe primary aim was to measure uterine artery (UtA) indices in twin pregnancies of Polish Caucasian women and compare it with a previously published study by Geipel et al for DC twins (2011). The secondary aim was to find differences in UtA indices in MC, DC twins, and singletons.MethodsA prospective longitudinal evaluation of UtA Doppler indices in 1462 examinations of twins and 5766 examinations of singletons between 17 and 37 gestational age (GA). Pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were calculated.ResultsUtA PI and RI are lower in the twins than singletons but the analyzed mean values throughout gestation are higher than the study presented by Geipel et al. Obtained curves for DC twins and singletons had the same form as Geipel's curves. In MC twins, curves are flatter and characterized by lower differences throughout pregnancy than Geipel's curves for DC twins. They tend to be more similar about 32 weeks of gestations, resulting from different placenta structure in MC than DC twin pregnancies.ConclusionsUtA Doppler indices in twin pregnancies are lower than in singletons. Obtained data have higher values for twins than reference charts proposed by Geipel's for dichorionic twins. We observed some differences between monochorionic and dichorionic twins' curves throughout pregnancy, but they were not significant.
Sonographic Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Following Seizure Prophylaxis in Pre‐Eclamptic Parturients With Severe Features
Authors: Assu Shiraz Mohammed , Bhatia Nidhi , Jain Kajal , Gainder Shalini , Sikka Pooja , Aditya Ashish Singh 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesNeurological manifestations, including raised intracranial pressures, are a hallmark of worsening pre‐eclampsia. Invasive methods for measuring intracranial pressure, though a gold standard, are not always a viable option. Maternal ocular sonography is a promising bedside tool, which serves as a noninvasive, cost‐effective means for measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), a surrogate marker of raised intracranial pressures. We studied the ultrasonographically measured ONSD in severely pre‐eclamptic women, and the effect of magnesium sulfate therapy on its values.MethodsThirty severely pre‐eclamptic women at ≥28 weeks gestation were included. We recorded baseline ONSD values, serum magnesium levels, neurological symptoms, vitals, and repeated them at 4 and 12 hours following magnesium sulfate therapy, and then at 24 hours postpartum. An ONSD value >5.8 mm was suggestive of raised intracranial pressure. Primary outcome measure was to evaluate changes in ultrasonographically measured ONSD following seizure prophylaxis with magnesium sulfate.ResultsWomen, 73.3%, had baseline ONSD >5.8 mm, with mean diameter being significantly high (6.02 ± 0.77 mm). There was a statistically nonsignificant decline in mean ONSD values at 4 and 12 hours, as well as at 24 hours postpartum. Patients with neurological symptoms declined significantly (from 70 to 10%; p value <.001) following magnesium sulfate therapy.ConclusionsMajority of severely pre‐eclamptic parturients had high ONSD value suggestive of raised intracranial pressures, which persisted in the postpartum period and was unaffected by magnesium sulfate therapy. Ultrasound can thus serve as a point‐of‐care, cost‐effective, easily available bedside tool for indirectly measuring intracranial pressures in this high‐risk population.
Reactions of OH and OD radicals with simple thiols and sulfides studied by infrared chemiluminescence of isotopic water products: Reaction OH + CH3SH revisited
Authors: Butkovskaya Nadezhda I. , Setser Don W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVibrational excitation of the H2O, HOD, and D2O product molecules from the reactions of OH and OD radicals with CH3SH, CH3C(O)SH, (CH3)3CSH, H2S, and CH3SCH3 was determined by modeling the infrared emission spectra using a renovated and extended set of model spectroscopic bands. Using the deuterated reactant, CH3SD, it was possible to separate spectra of abstraction from C‐ and S‐sites, which allowed measurement of branching fractions and kinetic isotope effects for individual channels. For the OH + CH3SH reaction, branching fractions of 0.13 ± 0.03 (C─H) and 0.87 ± 0.03 (S─H) were obtained. The vibrational energy released to water from abstraction of H‐atoms from the C─H and S─H sites of the reactant molecules is described. The results reported in this paper take precedence over an earlier study of CH3SH. The vibrational energy partitioning between the stretch and bend modes of water molecules from the reactions of the thiols and related reactions of H2S and CH3SCH3 are discussed. The mechanism for the OH + CH3SSCH3 reaction was confirmed to be addition followed mainly by decomposition to CH3SH and CH3SO.
Surgical Management of Cervical Non‐seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor Metastases
Authors: Nwosu Obi I. , Jones Alexander J. , Alwani Mohamedkazim , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Moore Michael G. , Mantravadi Avinash V. 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisTesticular cancer is the most common malignancy of young males. Limited reports describe perioperative and long‐term outcomes after surgical resection of metastatic, cervical, non‐seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of cervical lymphadenectomy in the management of metastatic NSGCT.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA single institution, retrospective review from 1998 to 2020 of patients with metastatic NSGCT who underwent cervical lymphadenectomy was conducted. Clinicopathological, surgical, and postoperative data were collected and analyzed.ResultsSixty‐eight predominantly white (91.0%) male patients with mean age 33.0 ± 11.3 years were included. Most (82.2%) presented with stage III disease at initial diagnosis. All patients had undergone primary platinum‐based chemotherapy 1.0 to 22.7 months prior to selective ND. Surgery mainly involved nodal levels III (67.6%), IV (92.6%) and/or Vb (77.9%) and was frequently performed with concomitant thoracoabdominal NSGCT resections (63.2%). Cervical specimens predominantly revealed mature teratoma (83.8%) as solitary (69.1%) or component of mixed (14.7%) NSGCT. Ten (14.7%) perioperative complications occurred as vocal cord paresis (n = 6) from thoracic surgery and chyle leakage (n = 4). All resolved conservatively except two vocal cord paralyzes that required surgical repair due to tumor involvement of vagus nerve. Six instances of cervical recurrence occurred at median 12.5 (range, 5.8–38.6) months from ND, all re‐demonstrating purely mature teratoma. The two‐year cervical, non‐cervical, and overall recurrence‐free survivals were 83%, 55%, and 55%, respectively. Two‐year disease‐free and overall survivals were both 93%.ConclusionsSelective neck dissection is a safe, effective method for managing cervical NSGCT metastases.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1528–1534, 2021
Thrombocytosis Predicts Surgical Site Infection in Head and Neck Microvascular Surgery‐ A Pilot Study
Authors: Harris Brianna N. , Patel Rusha , Kejner Alexandra , Russell Benjamin , Ramadan Jad , Bewley Arnaud 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisEarly and objective prediction of complications in head and neck reconstructive surgery could decrease morbidity and prolonged hospital stays but unfortunately most complications are not identified until their effect is fully realized. There are limited data regarding the association of platelet levels and post‐operative complications. Post‐operative thrombocytosis (POTCT) is proposed as a possible indicator for complications following free‐flap reconstruction.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA multisite retrospective chart review of patients undergoing free tissue transfer between 2013 and 2018 was undertaken. POTCT was recorded and data normalized between institutions. Data were compared between groups using t‐tests and logistic regression (P < .05). A lag‐1 difference was used to compare the rate of change in platelet values.ResultsA total of 398 patients were included. POTCT and a rate of change of 30 K between POD5 and POD6 was significantly associated with the presence of post‐operative complication (P = .007). Additionally, lag‐1 difference demonstrated a significant association of change in daily platelet counts and complication rates.ConclusionsIsolated POTCT may be an early predictor of complications in HNC patients undergoing free‐flap reconstruction.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1542–1547, 2021
Imaging Features to Predict Response to Olfactory Training in Post‐Traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Altundag Aytug , Saatci Ozlem , Kandemirli Sedat G. , Sanli Deniz E. T. , Duz Ozge A. , Sanli Ahmet N. , Yildirim Duzgun 
Published: January 2021

Objectives/HypothesisPrognosis of post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction is poor, with medical treatment options showing limited success rates. Olfactory training (OT) has been introduced as a potential therapeutic option in olfactory dysfunction. We aimed to identify the imaging features that would predict a better response to OT and create an imaging‐based prognostic scale.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 52 patients that underwent OT at our center for post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory functions at the time of initial presentation and at completion of OT were evaluated using Sniffin’ Sticks test and threshold discrimination identification (TDI) scores were calculated. Patients were divided into responders (ROT group: 16 cases) and non‐responders (n‐ROT group: 36 cases) to OT based on TDI score change (cut‐off 5.5 point).Morphological measurements of olfactory fossa, olfactory bulb volume and signal abnormalities, olfactory nerve filia integrity, siderosis, encephalomalacic changes in olfactory cortex, and other cortical regions were reviewed.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender distribution, olfactory dysfunction duration, head‐trauma severity, and initial TDI scores. A model incorporating five variables: cribriform plate fracture, olfactory fossa depth (cut‐off: 4.9 mm), olfactory bulb encephalomalacia, olfactory bulb volume (cut‐off: 27.1 mm3), and siderosis was developed. This model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.950, and a cut‐off value of 1 had 76.5% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity in prediction of response to OT.ConclusionsWe developed an imaging‐based scoring system with good specificity that can be used as an adjunctive tool for patient counseling, and optimal selection of management options.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2243–E2250, 2021
Post‐tsunami land degradation on a South Asian island: Implications for conservation priorities
Authors: Velmurugan Ayyam , Adamala Sirisha , Swarnam Palanivel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, land degradation has accelerated due to an increase in unsustainable human activities. In a case‐study of the Andaman Islands, located in the South Asian region, changes in land degradation types, soil erosion, and the effect of conservation measures for pre‐ (2000) and post‐2004 tsunami periods (2006, 2019) were recorded using temporal remote sensing data (LANDSAT, RESOURCESAT, CARTOSAT), field observations and a GIS‐based revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). The results showed that erosion, leaching, acidification, salinization, and drainage congestion were the major land degradation processes that could be traced to post‐tsunami human activities (R2 = 0.634). The study revealed significant forest cover loss during 2006–2019 (3.76%) compared to 2000–2006 (0.61%), while it revealed increased areas under settlement (14 km2) and mining (22 km2). The annual crop area exhibited a 0.42% loss, whereas the plantation crop area increased by 0.46%, indicating the abandonment of annual crops that resulted in an increased fallow area (21 km2) during the post‐tsunami period. As a consequence, degraded land increased by 2.5% of the total geographical area which was affaected by water erosion (2.3%) and chemical degradation (0.25%). The average erosion rate varied from 0.7 to 108 t ha−1yr−1 in 2000 but increased by 47% during the post‐tsunami period due to mining, settlement, and vegetable cultivation on slopes, as indicated by high cover management, support practice, and slope length factors. Practicing suitable conservation measures can provide a conservation benefit of 105,560 t yr−1 and a reduction in other forms of degradation without compromising the food production area.