bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verzögerte Prostatektomie nach Active Surveillance – eine prospektive Patientenbeobachtung
Authors: Al-Kailani Zaid , Linxweiler Johannes , Siemer Stefan , Stöckle Michael , Saar Matthias 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die psychische Belastung und die ständigen klinischen Kontrollen unter Active Surveillance (AS) sind als Nebenwirkungen der Therapie nicht zu vernachlässigen. Daher stellt die erfolgreiche Umsetzung des Konzepts der AS in der Praxis eine Herausforderung für Patienten und Behandler dar.

Material und Methoden
In dieser Arbeit wird ein monozentrisches Patientenkollektiv mit verzögerter radikaler Prostatektomie (vRP) nach AS hinsichtlich ihrer klinischen Charakteristika, den Gründen für einen Abbruch der AS sowie dem Auftreten einer ungünstigen Pathologie (UP) im Vergleich zu einer gematchten Kohorte mit sofortiger RP analysiert. p-Werte wurden mit χ2-Test berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Aus einer vRP-Gruppe (n = 74) und einer Vergleichsgruppe mit sofortiger RP (n = 214) setzen sich 288 Patienten zusammen. Nach einem medianen Follow-up von 21 Monaten wurde einer RP durchgeführt. Eine UP im RP-Präparat (Gleason-Score ≥ 7b, ≥ pT3a, R1 oder N+) wurde signifikant häufiger in der vRP-Gruppe als in der gematchten Kontrollgruppe beobachtet (45 % vs. 29 %, p = <0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen viele Defizite bei der Anwendung von AS in der Praxis auf. Die onkologische Sicherheit ist im klinischen Alltag unter Anwendung der bisherigen Beobachtungsmaßnahmen noch unzureichend. Daher erscheint es wichtig, zukünftig in AS-Programme eingeschleuste Patienten sorgfältiger auszuwählen, diese noch stringenter anzubinden und bildmorphologische (mpMRT) sowie in Zukunft auch molekulardiagnostische Methoden zu implementieren, um der AS mehr Sicherheit verleihen.
Seasonality of cognitive function in the general population: the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Mooldijk Sanne S. , Licher Silvan , Vernooij Meike W. , Ikram M. Kamran , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Seasonal variation in cognitive function and underlying cerebral hemodynamics in humans has been suggested, but not consistently shown in previous studies. We assessed cognitive function in 10,276 participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study, aged 45 years and older without dementia, at baseline and at subsequent visits between 1999 and 2016. Seasonality of five cognitive test scores and of a summary measure of global cognition were determined, as well as of brain perfusion. Using linkage with medical records, we also examined whether a seasonal variation was present in clinical diagnoses of dementia. We found a seasonal variation of global cognition (0.05 standard deviations [95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.08]), the Stroop reading task, the Purdue Pegboard test, and of the delayed world learning test, with the best performance in summer months. In line with these findings, there were fewer dementia diagnoses of dementia in spring and summer than in winter and fall. We found no seasonal variation in brain perfusion. These findings support seasonality of cognition, albeit not explained by brain perfusion.
Perioperative NSAIDs and Long-Term Outcomes After cancer Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shaji Shebin , Smith Charlotte , Forget Patrice 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review investigated the use of perioperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and long-term outcomes in cancer surgery patients, and whether this is dependent on cancer type, type of NSAID and timing of administration.

Findings
Perioperative NSAID use was found to be associated with longer disease-free survival (hazard ration, HR = 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73–0.97)) and overall survival (HR = 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64–0.94)). No difference was found between different types of NSAID for disease-free survival, although in overall survival ketorolac use was significant (HR = 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42–0.95)). Analysis on the timing of NSAID administration found no subgroup to be associated with cancer outcomes. The cancer-type analysis found an association with outcomes in breast and ovarian cancers. However, the level of certainty remains very low, mostly due to the heterogeneity and the retrospective nature of most studies.

Summary
Perioperative NSAID use may be associated with increased disease-free and overall survival after cancer surgery. This may be dependent on the type of cancer and type of NSAID, and further research is needed to support this. These data may inform future prospective trials, which are needed to determine the clinical impact, as well as optimal NSAID regimen.
Subcellular localization of HMGB1 in human cholangiocarcinoma: correlation with tumor stage
Authors: Suwannakul Nattawan , Midorikawa Kaoru , Du Chunping , Qi Ya-Peng , Zhang Jie , Xiang Bang-De , Murata Mariko , Ma Ning 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant disease with a poor prognosis, and several studies have been conducted using different molecular markers as a tool for CCA diagnosis, including Clonorchis sinensis (CS)-CCA. We initially identified the expression profiles of the three markers of interest, HMGB1, SOX9, and YAP1, using GSE (GSE76297 and GSE32958) datasets. Upregulated levels of these three proteins were detected in CCA samples compared to those in normal samples. To clarify this issue, 24 human CCA tissues with paired adjacent normal tissues were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. Of the three markers, the total cellular staining intensities were scanned, and subcellular localization was scored in the nuclear and cytoplasmic regions. The intensities of HMGB1, SOX9, and YAP1 were elevated in CCA tissues than the adjacent normal tissues. Individual scoring of subcellular localization revealed that the expression levels of HMGB1 (nucleus) and YAP1 (nucleus and cytoplasm) were significantly different from the pathologic M stage. Moreover, the translocation pattern was categorized using “site-index”, and the results demonstrated that the overexpression of HMGB1 and SOX9 was mostly observed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas YAP1 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Interestingly, the site index of HMGB1 was moderately correlated with the tumor stage (r = 0.441, p = 0.031). These findings imply that the overexpression of subcellular HMGB1 could be associated with the metastatic status of patients with CS-CCA, which was shown to be effective for CS-CCA prognosis.
Chaos-generalized regression neural network prediction model of mine water inflow
Authors: Li Jianlin , Wang Luyang , Wang Xinyi , Gao Peiqiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArtificial neural network (ANN) provides a new way for mine water inflow prediction. However, the effectiveness of prediction using ANN model would not be guaranteed if the influencing factors of water inflow are difficult to quantify or there are only a few observation data. Chaos theory can recover the rich dynamic information hidden in time series. By reconstructing water inflow time series in phase space, the multi-dimensional matrix could be obtained, with each column representing an influencing factor of water inflow and its value representing the change of the influencing factor with time. Therefore, a new prediction model of mine water inflow can be established by combining ANN with chaos theory when lacking data on the influencing factors of water inflow. In the present study, the No. 12 coal mine of Pingdingshan China was selected as the study site. The Chaos-GRNN model and Chaos- BPNN model of mine, water inflow were established by using the water inflow data from February 1976 to December 2013. The model was verified by using the water inflow values in the 24 months from 2014 to 2015. The number embedded dimension (M) of influencing factors of water inflow determined by phase space reconstruction was 7, meaning that there were 7 influencing factors of water inflow and 7 neurons in GRNN input layer, and the time delay was 13 months. The value of GRNN input layer neurons was determined accordingly. The maximum Lyapunov index was 0.0530, and the prediction time of GRNN was 19 months. The two models were evaluated by using four evaluation indices (R, RMSE, MAPE, NSE) and violin plot. It was found that both models can realize the long-term prediction of water inflow, and the prediction effectiveness of Chaos-GRNN model is better than that of Chaos-BPNN model.
The concentration of asbestos fibres during buildings exploitation analysis of concentration variability
Authors: Obmiński Andrzej 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The goal of the research was to determine of average asbestos dust values in different types of buildings and possible deviations from these values, when taking measurements in different rooms of the same building. Variability of fibres concentration was analyzed over short periods of time in different places of tested building. The study included various types of buildings containing asbestos, typical for Central and Eastern European countries with different construction. An analysis was made of the reasons for the diversity of dust concentrations ranging from < 300 to 16,000 fibres/m3 in connection with the building structure, asbestos location, degree of damage and intensity of building exploitation. Properly operated residential buildings containing asbestos inside outer sandwich walls features low concentration of dust < 300–400 f/m3. Novelty: Buildings not yet described by the literature were examined, as well as so-called emergency situations not related to the correct proceedings. This knowledge is necessary for the selection of technology in dismantling works and whether it is appropriate to remove asbestos from a given structure.
Mosan: Combining Circularity and Participatory Design to Address Sanitation in Low-Income Communities
Authors: Mijthab Mona , Anisie Raluca , Crespo Omar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe health and environmental impact of unsafe sanitation affects more than half of the world’s population. The lack of access to safe sanitation affects disproportionately rural populations in low- and middle-income countries, where progress is also shown to be slower. The sheer scale of the problem, combined with the variability of climate, geographies, and socioeconomic conditions, requires a variety of adaptable, scalable, centralized, and decentralized solutions working cohesively. This paper presents the case of Mosan, an off-grid, market-based sanitation solution, in order to display how such sanitation approaches can contribute to bridge this gap by addressing the communities most at risk. Mosan is a decentralized, circular sanitation solution encompassing the whole sanitation chain from containment, collection, transport, transformation, and reuse. Focused on community-scale systems, Mosan is applying participatory design principles and co-creation to enable community engagement, raise awareness, trigger creativity, and support local innovation.
A quadratic viscous fluid law for ice deduced from Steinemann's uni-axial compression and torsion experiments
Authors: Staroszczyk R. , Morland L. W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe response of ice to applied stress on ice-sheet flow timescales is commonly described by a non-linear incompressible viscous fluid, for which the deviatoric stress has a quadratic relation in the strain rate with two response coefficient functions depending on two principal strain-rate invariants I2 and I3. Commonly, a coaxial (linear) relation between the deviatoric stress and strain rate, with dependence on one strain-rate invariant I2 in a stress formulation, equivalently dependence on one deviatoric stress invariant in a strain-rate formulation, is adopted. Glen's uni-axial stress experiments determined such a coaxial law for a strain-rate formulation. The criterion for both uni-axial and shear data to determine the same relation is determined. Here, we apply Steinemann's uni-axial stress and torsion data to determine the two stress response coefficients in a quadratic relation with dependence on a single invariant I2. There is a non-negligible quadratic term for some ranges of I2; that is, a coaxial relation with dependence on one invariant is not valid. The data does not, however, rule out a coaxial relation with dependence on two invariants.
Geochemistry of upper Palaeozoic ‘thin-layer’ limestones in the southern North China Craton: implications for closure of the northeastern Palaeotethys Ocean
Authors: Li Jun , Gui Herong , Chen Luwang , Fang Pei , Li Xiaoping , Zhang Jie , Wang Yingxin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the late Palaeozoic Era, a series of related marine strata dominated by multi-layer limestones were deposited in the southern North China Craton. In order to gain new insights into the systematic geochemistry of the carbonate succession of the representative formation (Taiyuan Formation), we examined 59 limestone samples collected from the Huaibei Coal Basin (HCB), with a view towards quantitatively determining the major and trace elements and stable isotope compositions. The data obtained can provide essential evidence for reconstruction of the depositional palaeo-environment and tectonic setting of the Taiyuan Formation. Both X-ray diffraction analyses and palaeoredox proxies (e.g. V/Cr, V/(V + Ni) and authigenic U) indicated that the limestone layers were deposited in an oxic–dysoxic zone, with calcite as the main component. Moreover, palaeomagnetic evidence provided support for the conclusion that these limestones were laid down within an epicontinental sea depositional environment under a warm or hot palaeoclimate during the transition between late Carboniferous and early Permian time. Additionally, evidence obtained from our analyses of trace and rare earth elements revealed that the tectonic setting of the Taiyuan Formation (L1–L5) in the HCB transited from an open ocean to a passive continental margin, thereby indicating that this transformation stemmed from the subduction closure of the northeastern Palaeotethys Ocean. The findings of this study would be of interest to those working on the upper Palaeozoic marine strata in the southern North China Craton.
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A WRITTEN CONSTITUTION IS PRINTED? A HISTORY ACROSS BOUNDARIES
Authors: Colley Linda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAfter 1750, the rate at which new political constitutions were generated increased relentlessly. By the First World War, written and published devices of this sort already operated in parts of every continent outside Antarctica. Yet for all the scale and speed of this transformation, approaches to the history of written constitutions have often been selective. Although they spread rapidly across maritime and land frontiers, constitutions are still usually examined in the context of individual countries. Although they could function as tools of empire, constitutions have generally been interpreted only in terms of the making of nations and nationalism. And although these are authored texts, written constitutions rarely attract the attention of literary scholars. Instead, these documents have become largely the province of legal experts and students of constitutional history, itself an increasingly unfashionable discipline. In this lecture, I examine the vital and various links between constitutions and print culture as a means of resurrecting and exploring some of the transnational and transcontinental exchanges and discourses involved in the early spread of these instruments. I also touch on the challenges posed to written constitutions – now embedded in all but three of the world's countries – by the coming of a digital age.1
REVISITING RHS'S ‘RACE, ETHNICITY & EQUALITY IN UK HISTORY: A REPORT AND RESOURCE FOR CHANGE’
Authors: Akhtar Shahmima 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the Royal Historical Society (RHS)'s ‘Race, Ethnicity & Equality in UK History’ report published in 2018. The report contained the findings of a survey sent to staff and students working or studying in History higher education in the United Kingdom. In this paper, I reflect on the various findings of the report related to staff and student numbers, the attainment gap between white and Black and Ethnic Minority students, the curriculum, and racial harassment in History within universities. The RHS report emerged out of the work done by a number of organisations championing race and equality in the sector over decades. By connecting the work of RHS to these earlier initiatives it is possible to map a broader societal change in the historical sector to address historic inequalities, racialised disadvantage and structural exclusion. The RHS and institutions such as Runnymede Trust, the Institute of Historical Research, and Leading Routes are championing greater racial and ethnic equality which reflects broader political, economic and cultural transformations taking place in Britain. In this paper, I show how the RHS is part of an important conversation in foregrounding racial and ethnic equality in the historical profession to the inevitable benefit of History higher education.
For whom the bell of proportionality tolls: Three proposals for strengthening proportionality compliance
Authors: Jang Won 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe State-centric bias in proportionality in international humanitarian law, where non-State armed groups (NSAGs) are expected to adhere to the same rigour of proportionality as States, regardless of how unrealistic that expectation is, has not often been considered in ideas to improve compliance with proportionality. This article puts forth three proposals – a Comprehensive Proportionality Assessment Framework, capacity-building for military actors, and rapid multidisciplinary assessment teams – that aim to reduce State-centric bias and strengthen proportionality compliance not just for States but for all parties to conflict, including NSAGs.
Sirtuin inhibition is synthetic lethal with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency
Authors: Bajrami Ilirjana , Walker Callum , Krastev Dragomir B. , Weekes Daniel , Song Feifei , Wicks Andrew J. , Alexander John , Haider Syed , Brough Rachel , Pettitt Stephen J. , Tutt Andrew N. J. , Lord Christopher J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPARP enzymes utilise NAD+ as a co-substrate for their enzymatic activity. Inhibition of PARP1 is synthetic lethal with defects in either BRCA1 or BRCA2. In order to assess whether other genes implicated in NAD+ metabolism were synthetic lethal with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene defects, we carried out a genetic screen, which identified a synthetic lethality between BRCA1 and genetic inhibition of either of two sirtuin (SIRT) enzymes, SIRT1 or SIRT6. This synthetic lethal interaction was replicated using small-molecule SIRT inhibitors and was associated with replication stress and increased cellular PARylation, in contrast to the decreased PARylation associated with BRCA-gene/PARP inhibitor synthetic lethality. SIRT/BRCA1 synthetic lethality was reversed by genetic ablation of either PARP1 or the histone PARylation factor-coding gene HPF1, implicating PARP1/HPF1-mediated serine ADP-ribosylation as part of the mechanistic basis of this synthetic lethal effect. These observations suggest that PARP1/HPF1-mediated serine ADP-ribosylation, when driven by SIRT inhibition, can inadvertently inhibit the growth of BRCA-gene mutant cells.
Organic semiconductors for light-mediated neuromodulation
Authors: Medagoda Danashi Imani , Ghezzi Diego 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductors have generated substantial interest in neurotechnology and emerged as a promising approach for wireless neuromodulation in fundamental and applied research. Here, we summarise the range of applications that have been proposed so far, including retinal stimulation, excitation and inhibition of cultured neurons and regulation of biological processes in other non-excitable cells from animal and plant origins. We also discuss the key chemical and physical phenomena at the basis of the interaction between materials and cells. Finally, we provide an overview of future perspectives, exciting research opportunities and the remaining challenges hampering the translation of this blooming technology into the clinic and industry.
Onset and termination of Heinrich Stadial 4 and the underlying climate dynamics
Authors: Cheng Hai , Xu Yao , Dong Xiyu , Zhao Jingyao , Li Hanying , Baker Jonathan , Sinha Ashish , Spötl Christoph , Zhang Haiwei , Du Wenjing , Zong Baoyun , Jia Xue , Kathayat Gayatri , Liu Dianbing , Cai Yanjun , Wang Xianfeng , Strikis Nicolás M. , Cruz Francisco W. , Auler Augusto S. , Gupta Anil K. , Singh Raj Kumar , Jaglan Sonu , Dutt Som , Liu Zhengyu , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeinrich Stadial 4 during the last glacial period was marked by severe cooling at northern high latitudes along with the attendant changes in Asian Monsoon (Chinese Stadial 4) and South American Monsoon (South American Stadial 4). Here we present improved constraints on timings of Heinrich/Chinese/South American Stadial 4 onset and termination at sub-centennial precision based on speleothem records. We show that their initial onsets were essentially synchronous (40.20 ± 0.08 thousand years ago) and led the Antarctic warming by ~300 years. The Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination commenced at 38.34 ± 0.07 thousand years ago following a centennial-scale reduction in the Amazon River runoff and a poleward shift of the Southern Westerly wind belt. These two precursor events may have contributed to a reduced Amazon Plume Region and an enhanced Agulhas salt/heat leakage that led to an abrupt resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation eventually triggering the Heinrich/Chinese Stadial 4 termination.
Changing social inequality from first farmers to early states in Southeast Asia
Authors: Fochesato Mattia , Higham Charles , Bogaard Amy , Castillo Cristina Cobo 
Published: November 2021

Significance
This is an exploration of social change, measured by means of the Gini coefficient, that has been applied to a 2,500-y cultural sequence in Southeast Asia. The results indicate pulses of elevated social inequality from different stimuli, some transient but the last, due to an agricultural revolution consequent to climate change, enduring.
Digitalization of the breeding process of clonal apple rootstocks
Authors: Verzilin A V , Fedulova Yu A , Pimkin M Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper shows the results of many years of experience in breeding low-growing clonal apple rootstocks at Michurinsky State Agrarian University. The relevance of the introduction of digital technologies at all stages of the breeding process from the formation of a data bank for the selection of parental pairs to research in the garden of the competitive study of rootstock-varietal combinations is shown. The apparatus and software for specific research stages are proposed. It is found that the developed methodology and digital technologies make it possible to significantly reduce the time of the breeding process, achieve the intended results faster and more efficiently and most fully reveal the genetic potential of breeding achievements.