bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD226 knockout alleviates high-fat diet induced obesity by suppressing proinflammatory macrophage phenotype
Authors: Ma Jingchang , Hu Wei , Zhang Dongliang , Xie Jiangang , Duan Chujun , Liu Yitian , Wang Yuling , Xu Xuexue , Cheng Kun , Jin Boquan , Zhang Yuan , Zhuang Ran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, contributing to an increasing prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), and steatohepatitis. Macrophages are the predominant immune cells in adipose tissues. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) would switch to pro-inflammatory M1 state during obesity, causing local and systemic inflammation. However, the regulatory mechanism of ATMs has not yet been well described within this process. Using a high-fat diet (HFD)–induced mouse obesity model, we found that the costimulatory molecule CD226 was highly expressed on ATMs and knockout (KO) of CD226 alleviated obesity caused by HFD. Loss of CD226 reduced the accumulation of ATMs and hindered macrophage M1 polarization, with lower serum proinflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, deficiency of CD226 on ATMs decreased the phosphorylation levels of VAV1, AKT, and FOXO1 and thereby upregulated PPAR-γ. Further administration of PPAR-γ inhibitor restored M1 phenotype in CD226KO ATMs. In summary, loss of CD226 alleviates the HFD-induced obesity and systemic inflammation through inhibition of the accumulation and M1 polarization of ATMs in which PPAR-γ-dependent signaling pathway is involved, suggesting that CD226 may be identified as a potential molecular target for the clinical treatment of obesity.
Wheat in vivo RNA structure landscape reveals a prevalent role of RNA structure in modulating translational subgenome expression asymmetry
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Yu Haopeng , Sun Wenqing , Ding Ling , Li Ji , Cheema Jitender , Ramirez-Gonzalez Ricardo , Zhao Xuebo , Martín Azahara C. , Lu Fei , Liu Bao , Uauy Cristobal , Ding Yiliang , Zhang Huakun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPolyploidy, especially allopolyploidy, which entails merging divergent genomes via hybridization and whole-genome duplication (WGD), is a major route to speciation in plants. The duplication among the parental genomes (subgenomes) often leads to one subgenome becoming dominant over the other(s), resulting in subgenome asymmetry in gene content and expression. Polyploid wheats are allopolyploids with most genes present in two (tetraploid) or three (hexaploid) functional copies, which commonly show subgenome expression asymmetry. It is unknown whether a similar subgenome asymmetry exists during translation. We aim to address this key biological question and explore the major contributing factors to subgenome translation asymmetry.ResultsHere, we obtain the first tetraploid wheat translatome and reveal that subgenome expression asymmetry exists at the translational level. We further perform in vivo RNA structure profiling to obtain the wheat RNA structure landscape and find that mRNA structure has a strong impact on translation, independent of GC content. We discover a previously uncharacterized contribution of RNA structure in subgenome translation asymmetry. We identify 3564 single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) across the transcriptomes between the two tetraploid wheat subgenomes, which induce large RNA structure disparities. These SNVs are highly conserved within durum wheat cultivars but are divergent in both domesticated and wild emmer wheat.ConclusionsWe successfully determine both the translatome and in vivo RNA structurome in tetraploid wheat. We reveal that RNA structure serves as an important modulator of translational subgenome expression asymmetry in polyploids. Our work provides a new perspective for molecular breeding of major polyploid crops.
Strong thermal stratification reduces detection efficiency and range of acoustic telemetry in a large freshwater lake
Authors: Kuai Yulong , Klinard Natalie V. , Fisk Aaron T. , Johnson Timothy B. , Halfyard Edmund A. , Webber Dale M. , Smedbol Stephanie J. , Wells Mathew G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The successful use of acoustic telemetry to detect fish hinges on understanding the factors that control the acoustic range. The speed-of-sound in water is primarily a function of density, and in freshwater lakes density is primarily driven by temperature. The strong seasonal thermal stratification in the Great Lakes represent some of the steepest sound speed gradients in any aquatic system. Such speed-of-sound gradients can refract sound waves leading to greater divergence of acoustic signal, and hence more rapid attenuation. The changes in sound attenuation change the detection range of a telemetry array and hence influence the ability to monitor fish. We use 3 months of data from a sentinel array of V9 and V16 Vemco acoustic fish tags, and a record of temperature profiles to determine how changes in stratification influence acoustic range in eastern Lake Ontario.

Result
We interpret data from an acoustic telemetry array in Lake Ontario to show that changes in acoustic detection efficiency and range correlate strongly with changes in sound speed gradients due to thermal stratification. The steepest sound speed gradients of 10.38 m s−1/m crossing the thermocline occurred in late summer, which caused the sound speed difference between the top and bottom of the water column to be greater than 60 m/s. V9 tags transmitting across the thermocline could have their acoustic range reduced from > 650 m to 350 m, while the more powerful V16 tags had their range reduced from > 650 m to 450 m. In contrast we found that when the acoustic source and receiver were both transmitting below thermocline there was no change in range, even as the strength of sound speed gradient varied.

Conclusion
Changes in thermal stratification occur routinely in the Great Lakes, on timescales between months and days. The acoustic range can be reduced by as much as 50% compared to unstratified conditions when fish move across the thermocline. We recommend that researchers consider the influences of thermal stratification to acoustic telemetry when configuring receiver position.
Radiology reporting in oncology—oncologists’ perspective
Authors: Spînu-Popa Elisabeta Valeria , Cioni Dania , Neri Emanuele 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundStructured reporting and standardized criteria are increasingly recognized as means of improving both radiological and clinical practice by allowing for better content and clarity. Our aim was to examine oncologists’ opinions and expectations concerning the radiologist’s report to identify general needs in daily practice and ways to improve interdisciplinary communication.MethodsA 19-question survey was sent to 230 oncologists from three different countries (France, Romania, Switzerland) identified on the online web pages of different hospitals and private clinics. The survey was sent by electronic mail with an online survey program (Google Forms®). All recipients were informed of the purpose of the study. The data were collected by the online survey program and analysed through filtering the results and cross-tabulation.ResultsA total of 52 responses were received (response rate of 22.6%). The majority of the respondents (46/52, 88%) preferred the structured report, which follows a predefined template. Most of the respondents (40/52, 77%) used RECIST 1.1 or iRECIST in tumour assessment. Nearly half of the oncologists (21/52, 40%) measured 1–3 cases per week. On a 10-point Likert scale, 34/52 (65%) oncologists rated their overall level of satisfaction with radiologists’ service between 7 and 10. In contrast, 12/52 (19%) oncologists rated the radiologists’ service between 1 and 4. Moreover, 42/52 (80%) oncologists acknowledged that reports created by a radiologist with a subspecialty in oncologic imaging were superior to those created by a general radiologist.ConclusionStructured reports in oncologic patients and the use of RECIST criteria are preferred by oncologists in their daily clinical practice, which signals the need for radiologists also to implement such reports to facilitate communication.Furthermore, most of the oncologists we interviewed recognized the added value provided by radiologists specializing in oncologic imaging. Because this subspecialty is present in only a few countries, generally in large clinics, further training might become a challenge; nevertheless, intensive efforts should be made to enhance expertise in cancer imaging.
Medical Outcomes of Oncology Inpatients With and Without Chaplain Spiritual Care Visit: The Yale New Haven Hospital Experience
Authors: Chow Ronald , Tenenbaum Leah , Balboni Tracy A. , Prsic Elizabeth Horn 
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: Although there exists some literature on the psychosocial elements of health between patients with and without spiritual care, less information is available on hospital health outcomes. Hence, we aimed to describe and compare health care utilization and outcomes among medical oncology patients who received and did not receive spiritual care consultation during inpatient admission. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of medical oncology patients admitted to Yale New Haven Hospital between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, to compare hospital outcomes between patients with and without spiritual care. RESULTS: Thirty-one thousand six hundred twenty-three patients were included, of whom 11,053 (35%) received a chaplain spiritual care visit and had a spiritual care note. Patients who received spiritual care were older and sicker. Readmission rates within 30 days were greater in the spiritual care group (OR = 1.07; P = .018). In addition, patients receiving spiritual care were at greater odds of increased length of stay (β = 4.92; P < .0001), intensive care unit admission (OR = 2.98; P < .0001), hospital death (OR = 1.46; P < .0001), and emergency department visit within 30 days of discharge (OR = 1.17; P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Patients who were older and sicker had greater spiritual care utilization than their younger and healthier counterparts. Spiritual care assessment of existential distress, complex grief, and faith-based support may be positively associated not only with patient care and quality of life but also with health care utilization and outcomes.
Potemkin Protections: Assessing Provider Directory Accuracy and Timely Access for Four Specialties in California
Authors: Burman Abigail , Haeder Simon F. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Context: The accuracy of provider directories and whether consumers can schedule timely appointments are crucial determinants of health access and outcomes.
Methods: We evaluated accuracy and timely access data obtained from the California Department of Managed Health Care, consisting of responses to large, random, representative surveys of primary care providers, cardiologists, endocrinologists, and gastroenterologists for 2018 and 2019 for all managed care plans in California.
Findings: Surveys were able to verify provider directory entries for the four specialties for 59% to 76% of listings or 78% to 88% of providers reached. We found that consumers were able to schedule urgent care appointments for 28% to 54% of listings or 44% to 72% of accurately listed providers. For general care appointments, the percentages ranged from 35% to 64% of listed providers or 51% to 87% of accurately listed providers. Differences across markets related to accuracy were generally small. Medi-Cal plans outperformed other markets with regard to timely access. Primary care consistently outperformed all other specialties. Timely access rates were higher for general appointments than for urgent care appointments.
Conclusions: Our finding raise questions about the regulatory regime as well as consumer access and health outcomes.
Authoritarian Regime Legitimacy and Health Care Provision: Survey Evidence from Contemporary China
Authors: Duckett Jane , Munro Neil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Context: Over the last two decades a growing body of research has shown that authoritarian regimes are trying to increase their legitimacy by providing public goods. But there has so far been very little research on whether or not these regimes are successful.
Methods: This article analyzes data from a 2012–2013 nationally representative survey in China to examine whether health care provision bolsters the Communist regime's legitimacy. Using multivariate ordinal logistic regression, we test whether having public health insurance and being satisfied with the health care system are associated with separate measures of the People's Republic of China's regime legitimacy: support for “our form of government” (which we call “system support”) and political trust.
Findings: Having public health insurance is positively associated with trust in the Chinese central government. Health care system satisfaction is positively associated with system support and trust in local government.
Conclusions: Health care provision may bolster the legitimacy of authoritarian regimes, with the clearest evidence showing that concrete benefits may translate into trust in the central government. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between trends in health care provision and legitimacy over time and in other types of authoritarian regime.
The Tax Elasticity of Capital Gains and Revenue-Maximizing Rates
Authors: Agersnap Ole , Zidar Owen 
Published: November 2021

This paper uses a direct-projections approach to estimate the effect of capital gains taxation on realizations at the state level and then develops a framework for determining revenue-maximizing rates at the federal level. We find that the elasticity of revenues with respect to the tax rate over a 10-year period is −0.5 to −0.3, indicating that capital gains tax cuts do not pay for themselves and that a 5 percentage point rate increase would yield $18 to $30 billion in annual federal tax revenue. Our long-run estimates yield revenue-maximizing capital gains tax rates of 38 to 47 percent. (JEL E62, H25, H71)
Concurrent and Overlapping Surgery: Perspectives from Surgeons on Spinal Posterior Instrumented Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Allahabadi Sachin , Wu Hao-Hua , Allahabadi Sameer , Woolridge Tiana , Kohn Michael A. , Diab Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine perspectives of surgeons regarding simultaneous surgery in patients undergoing posterior spine instrumentation and fusion (PSIF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods A survey was administered to orthopaedic trainees and faculty regarding simultaneous surgery for primary PSIF for AIS. A five-point Likert scale (1: ‘Strongly Disagree’ to 5: ‘Strongly Agree’) was used to assess agreement with statements about simultaneous surgery. We divided simultaneous surgery into concurrent, when critical portions of operations occur at the same time, and overlapping, when noncritical portions occur at the same time. Results The 72 respondents (78.3% of 92 surveyed) disagreed with concurrent surgery for ‘one of my patients’ (response mean 1.76 (sd 1.03)) but were more accepting of overlapping surgery (mean 3.94 (sd 0.99); p < 0.0001). The rating difference between concurrent and overlapping surgery was smaller for paediatric and spine surgeons (-1.25) than for residents or those who did not identify a subspecialty (-2.17; p = 0.0246) or other subspecialty surgeons (-2.57; p = 0.0026). Respondents were more likely to agree with explicit informed consent for concurrent surgery compared with overlapping (mean 4.32 (sd 0.91) versus 3.44 (sd 1.14); p < 0.001). Conclusion Orthopaedic surgeons disagreed with concurrent but were more accepting of overlapping surgery and anaesthesia for PSIF for AIS. Respondents were in greater agreement that patients should be explicitly informed of concurrence than of overlap. The surgical community's evidence and position regarding simultaneous surgery, in particular overlapping, must be more effectively presented to the public in order to bridge the gap in perspectives. Level of Evidence IV
3D ultrasound reconstruction of sonographic callus
Authors: Nicholson Jamie A. , Oliver William M. , MacGillivray Tom J. , Robinson C. Michael , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. 
Published: December 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to establish a reliable method for producing 3D reconstruction of sonographic callus. Methods A cohort of ten closed tibial shaft fractures managed with intramedullary nailing underwent ultrasound scanning at two, six, and 12 weeks post-surgery. Ultrasound capture was performed using infrared tracking technology to map each image to a 3D lattice. Using echo intensity, semi-automated mapping was performed to produce an anatomical 3D representation of the fracture site. Two reviewers independently performed 3D reconstructions and kappa coefficient was used to determine agreement. A further validation study was undertaken with ten reviewers to estimate the clinical application of this imaging technique using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Nine of the ten patients achieved union at six months. At six weeks, seven patients had bridging callus of ≥ one cortex on the 3D reconstruction and when present all achieved union. Compared to six-week radiographs, no bridging callus was present in any patient. Of the three patients lacking sonographic bridging callus, one went onto a nonunion (77.8% sensitive and 100% specific to predict union). At 12 weeks, nine patients had bridging callus at ≥ one cortex on 3D reconstruction (100%-sensitive and 100%-specific to predict union). Presence of sonographic bridging callus on 3D reconstruction demonstrated excellent reviewer agreement on ICC at 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.74 to 0.96). Conclusion 3D fracture reconstruction can be created using multiple ultrasound images in order to evaluate the presence of bridging callus. This imaging modality has the potential to enhance the usability and accuracy of identification of early fracture healing. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(12):759–766.
تأثير الحبس المنزلي على الأطفال الفلسطينيين في القدس // The Effect of House Arrest on Palestinian Children in Jerusalem
Authors: ناهدة العرجا  
Published: November 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن الآثار النفسية والاجتماعية والتعليمية الناتجة عن الحبس المنزلي على الأطفال الفلسطينيين في مدينة القدس. واستخدمت الباحثة عينة قصبية عشوائية مكونة من
(١٠) عائلات من القدس لديهم طغل محبوس منزليأ وا عتمدت منهج تحليل المضمون عبر إجراء مقابلات مع هذه العائلات في هذه الدراسة. وأظهرت النتائج أن أغلبية الأطفال اعتقلتهم شرطة الاحتلال من
البيت، وأنهم تعرضوا الى عدة اعتقالات قد تصل ثلاث عشرة مرة. كما تبين أن أغلب أطغال الحبس المنزلي يعانون من أبعاد نفسية تمثلت بالخوف والقلق واليأس والتوتر والعصبية، الا ان قلة منهم
لم يكونوا خائفين بمقدار خوف الأم أثناء عملية الاعتقال. وأجمع معظم الأمهات والآباء على أن أطفالهم تعرضوا لأشكال متعددة من التعنيب الجسدي والنفسي في سجون الاحتلال الإسرائيلي بالإضافة
إلى ذلك فإن نصف الأطفال أعطاهم المحتل دواء للتبول اللاؤرادي وللأعصاب، بالرغم من أن أغلبية الأطفال لم يتم وضعهم في عزل انفرادي أثناء الاعتقال. وتبين انه تم حبس هؤلاء الاطغال منزليا
في منزلهم باستثناء طغل واحد في بيت جدته، مما ادى الى تتضاعف الضفط النفسي لدى الأطفال بعد الاعتقال والحبس المنزلي كما وادى الى صعوبة في النوم.
اشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن للحبس المنزلي أبعادا تعليمية سلبية ادت الى تراجع في الدراسة عند نصف الأحلفال والى رفض العودة إلى المدرسة عند بعضهم. وبالنسبة للأبعاد٠ الاجتماعية تبين وجود
تفير ملحوظ في حياتهم الاجتماعية، إذ اشارت النتائج الى أن أكثر من نصف أطغال العينة لا يفضلون الذهاب لزيارة الأهل، كمأ أصبحت علاقننهم بأصدقائهم أضعف بعد تجربة الاعتقال؛ واشارت
النتائج الى ان نصف أطغال العينة يفضلون الذهاب إلى النادي وآخرون يفضلون البقاء في البيت وممارسة هواية معينة. ومن أهم التوصيات التي خرجت بها الدراسة توفير البرامج الإرشادية التي تقدم
للاطفال المحبوسين منزليأ عبر جلسات الإرشاد الجمعي والأنشطة الجماعية التي تهدف إلى خفض ما يواجهونه من مشكلات نفسية كالعدوانية والانطواء والخوف والقلق.
Disease-related income and economic productivity loss in New Zealand: A longitudinal analysis of linked individual-level data
Authors: Blakely Tony , Sigglekow Finn , Irfan Muhammad , Mizdrak Anja , Dieleman Joseph , Bablani Laxman , Clarke Philip , Wilson Nick 
Published: November 2021

Background
Reducing disease can maintain personal individual income and improve societal economic productivity. However, estimates of income loss for multiple diseases simultaneously with thorough adjustment for confounding are lacking, to our knowledge. We estimate individual-level income loss for 40 conditions simultaneously by phase of diagnosis, and the total income loss at the population level (a function of how common the disease is and the individual-level income loss if one has the disease).

Methods and findings
We used linked health tax data for New Zealand as a high-income country case study, from 2006 to 2007 to 2015 to 2016 for 25- to 64-year-olds (22.5 million person-years). Fixed effects regression was used to estimate within-individual income loss by disease, and cause-deletion methods to estimate economic productivity loss at the population level.
Income loss in the year of diagnosis was highest for dementia for both men (US$8,882; 95% CI $6,709 to $11,056) and women ($7,103; $5,499 to $8,707). Mental illness also had high income losses in the year of diagnosis (average of about $5,300 per year for males and $4,100 per year for females, for 4 subcategories of: depression and anxiety; alcohol related; schizophrenia; and other). Similar patterns were evident for prevalent years of diagnosis. For the last year of life, cancers tended to have the highest income losses, (e.g., colorectal cancer males: $17,786, 95% CI $15,555 to $20,018; females: $14,192, $12,357 to $16,026).
The combined annual income loss from all diseases among 25- to 64-year-olds was US$2.72 billion or 4.3% of total income. Diseases contributing more than 4% of total disease-related income loss were mental illness (30.0%), cardiovascular disease (15.6%), musculoskeletal (13.7%), endocrine (8.9%), gastrointestinal (7.4%), neurological (6.5%), and cancer (4.5%).
The limitations of this study include residual biases that may overestimate the effect of disease on income loss, such as unmeasured time-varying confounding (e.g., divorce leading to both depression and income loss) and reverse causation (e.g., income loss leading to depression). Conversely, there may also be offsetting underestimation biases, such as income loss in the prodromal phase before diagnosis that is misclassified to “healthy” person time.

Conclusions
In this longitudinal study, we found that income loss varies considerably by disease. Nevertheless, mental illness, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal diseases stand out as likely major causes of economic productivity loss, suggesting that they should be prioritised in prevention programmes.