bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Broker Exploitation and Violence: FromMadalalito Cartel Bosses in the Food Aid Resale Economy of Tanzanian Refugee Camps
Authors: Boeyink Clayton 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIt is a poorly kept humanitarian secret that wherever food aid is given, it is also sold, as recipients seek to vary their diets to include culturally desired food, start businesses, or deal with economic shocks. This holds true in Nyarugusu refugee camp in Tanzania, the site of this research. While this article addresses the supply side of the World Food Programme resale system, its main focus is the demand side, providing one of the first in‐depth studies on what happensafterthe sale. Engaging with the political and development anthropology literature on brokers, the author introduces the intermediaries who make up this system, including low‐levelmadalalibrokers and refugee and Tanzanian ‘bosses’. There is agreement within brokerage research of the moral ‘ambiguity’ or ‘ambivalence’ of these figures, a nebulous quality that is heightened by the seemingly innumerable different types of brokers. This article contends that a Marxian conceptualization of social class, beyond Bourdieu's widely applied social capital theory, is productive in understanding the threat of violence that a small cartel of bosses has set up in collusion with Tanzanian police to maintain the exploitative food aid resale pyramid. Members of this elite class are, in turn, ‘products and producers’ of a structurally violent encampment and aid system.
Learning challenges of healthcare professionals supporting open‐source automated insulin delivery
Authors: Crocket Hamish , Lewis Dana M. , Burnside Mercedes , Faherty Ann , Wheeler Benjamin , Frewen Carla , Lever Claire , Jefferies Craig , Williman Jonathan , Sanders Olivia , Wilson Renee , Paul Ryan , Price Sarah , Jones Shirley , de Bock Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOpen‐source automated insulin delivery (AID) is a user‐driven treatment modality used by thousands globally. Healthcare professionals' (HCPs) ability to support users of this technology is limited by a lack of knowledge of these systems.AimsTo describe the challenges experienced by HCPs supporting participants' use of open‐source automated insulin delivery in the Community deRivEd AuTomatEd insulin delivery (CREATE) study.MethodsData were collected prospectively from the study team's fortnightly meetings and Slack Workspace (Slack Technologies, Ltd. 2018) during the first 4 months of the trial. Key topics were identified from minutes of meetings. Slack conversations were categorised by topic, with the number of posts per conversation, number of sites per conversation and involvement of experts in open‐source AID being recorded.ResultsIn the first 4 months of the trial, there were 254 conversations in Slack with a mean of 5.2 (±4.25) posts per conversation. The most frequent learning challenge was insulin pump and cannula problems relating to the DANA‐iTM insulin pump, which totalled 24.0% of all conversations. Experts on open‐source AID use were involved in 83.3% of conversations.ConclusionsA significant proportion of challenges related to specific devices, rather than AID. Challenges relating to the functioning of open‐source AID were more likely to involve input from experts in open‐source AID. This is the first report of challenges experienced by a multidisciplinary team in a supported open‐source environment that may inform expectations in routine clinical care.
Effects of laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy on the structural connectome and its relationship to seizure freedom
Authors: Ko Andrew L. , Tong Ai Phuong S. , Mossa‐Basha Mahmud , Weaver Kurt E. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Miller John W. , Hakimian Shahin 
Published: November 2021

SummaryObjectiveLaser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), but the effects of individual patient anatomy and location of ablation volumes affect seizure outcomes. The purpose of this study is to see if features of individual patient structural connectomes predict surgical outcomes after LITT for mTLE.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of seizure outcomes of LITT for mTLE in 24 patients. We use preoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to simulate changes in structural connectivity after laser ablation. A two‐step machine‐learning algorithm is applied to predict seizure outcomes from the change in connectomic features after surgery.ResultsAlthough node‐based network features such as clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality have some predictive value, changes in connection strength between mesial temporal regions predict seizure outcomes significantly better. Changes in connection strength between the entorhinal cortex (EC), and the insula, hippocampus, and amygdala, as well as between the temporal pole and hippocampus, predict Engel Class I outcomes with an accuracy of 88%. Analysis of the ablation location, as well as simulated, alternative ablations, reveals that a more medial, anterior, and inferior ablation volume is associated with a greater effect on these connections, and potentially on seizure outcomes.SignificanceOur results indicate (1) that seizure outcomes can be retrospectively predicted with excellent accuracy using changes in structural connectivity, and (2) that favorable connectomic changes are associated with an ablation volume involving relatively mesial, anterior, and inferior locations. These results may provide a framework whereby individual pre‐operative structural connectomes can be used to optimize ablation volumes and improve outcomes in LITT for mTLE.
Rasmussen encephalitis: Predisposing factors and their potential role in unilaterality
Authors: Fauser Susanne , Elger Christian E. , Woermann Friedrich , Bien Christian G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveRasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a progressive and destructive inflammatory disease of one hemisphere. Its cause is unknown. We investigated comorbidity and laterality factors that might predispose to RE.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the histories of 160 RE patients to those with genetic generalized epilepsy (n = 154) and those with focal cortical dysplasia Type II (FCD II; n = 148).ResultsThe median/mean age at symptom onset in RE was 7/10 years (range = 1–53 years), and 58.1% of the patients were female. The female sex predominated in RE patients, with age > 7 years at disease manifestation. The left hemisphere was affected in 65.6%. Perinatal complications (preterm birth, twin pregnancies, early acquired brain lesions) were more frequent in RE than in control patients. Ipsilateral facial autoimmune conditions (scleroderma en coup de sabre, uveitis, or chorioretinitis) were only observed in RE patients (6.9%). Onset of RE was more frequently associated with fever than that of FCD II. In 33.1% of RE patients, ≥1 potential risk factor was found. Interestingly, 11.9% of patients had one‐sided early brain lesions or facial autoimmune lesions ipsilateral to subsequent RE; none had such a lesion contralaterally.SignificancePerinatal complications and facial autoimmune conditions may act as predisposing factors for RE. Fever might trigger RE manifestation. Further genetic or infectious contributors may be identified in the future. Single or combined hits may be required to elicit or facilitate the start of the disease. Ipsilateral early comorbid lesions or facial autoimmune processes might in part explain the enigmatic unilaterality of RE.
An IoT and Blockchain‐based approach for the smart water management system in agriculture
Authors: Zeng Hui , Dhiman Gaurav , Sharma Ashutosh , Sharma Amit , Tselykh Alexey 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAgriculture in rural areas facing critical issues such as irrigation with the increase in water crises followed by some other issues line seed quality, poor fertilizers and many others. The recent advances suggest that IoT and Blockchain Technology along with artificial intelligence will be most dominant technologies in near future. In this article, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with Blockchain technology is implemented for monitoring agricultural fields efficiently. An efficient seed quality monitoring and smart water management system is design using IoT and Blockchain Technology for managing and coordinating the use of good quality seeds and water resources among communities. The Blockchain network is implemented for securing the information and supporting trust among the members of community. The Blockchain network is also implemented for sporting trust among commercial resource constrained systems, which are communicating with the Blockchain network consisting of a hardware platform. The design of a prototype and its performance evaluation based on implementation is also presented.
Economic stress, parenting, and adolescents’ adjustment during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Low Natalie , Mounts Nina S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis investigation examined pathways through which financial stress impacts parents’ and adolescents’ well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundPandemic‐related stress (e.g., financial stress) experienced by parents may indirectly affect adolescents’ well‐being, although the pathways involved are currently unknown.MethodFamilies currently living in the United States and having adolescents between 12 and 18 years old participated in this investigation (N = 272). Parents responded to questionnaires online about their financial situation, personal well‐being, relationship with their oldest typically developing adolescent (12–18 years old; Mage = 14.74; SDage = 1.80; 46.4% young women), and their adolescents’ well‐being.ResultsHigher levels of financial stress were related to higher levels of parental psychological distress, higher levels of parenting stress, and higher levels of adolescent loneliness. Higher stay‐at‐home intensity was related to higher levels of parenting stress, higher levels of parent–adolescent conflict, and poorer adolescent adjustment. Several significant indirect paths were identified between financial stress and adolescents’ adjustment. The relationship between financial stress and adolescents’ well‐being (i.e., internalizing behaviors and loneliness) was mediated by parental psychological distress and parenting stress. When parenting stress was a mediator, the effect was more pronounced the more time families spent at home.ConclusionParents who were worried about their financial situation had greater difficulty with psychological distress and parenting stress, especially when parents were spending more time at home.ImplicationsUnderstanding the way in which financial stress influences parents’ and adolescents’ adjustment during the pandemic will inform and prepare practitioners and policymakers for similar situations in the future.
The recognition of coordinative compound words by learners of Chinese as a foreign language: A mixed methods study
Authors: Sun Jing , Pae Hye K. , Ai Haiyang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLearners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) tend to swap the two characters within a coordinative compound word in verbal identification and written production. This mixed methods study not only investigated how CFL learners identified intercharacter orthographic and semantic relationships within two‐morpheme coordinative compound words, but also explored how they used decoding strategies to resolve confusion related to constituent characters within compound words. Thirty‐two English‐speaking learners of Chinese participated in this study. The quantitative strand using a lexical decision task revealed significant character transposition effects and intercharacter semantic similarity effects but nonsignificant intercharacter orthographic similarity effects. Such effects were supported and further complemented by qualitative findings from a semistructured interview on learners' thought processes for compound word recognition. The nonsignificant intercharacter orthographic similarity effects were attributable to the meaning relationships between the constituent characters that shared the same radicals. Taken together, the results suggested that CFL learners tended to perceive compound words as whole units. For pedagogical recommendations, this study emphasized the importance of sublexical radical knowledge, morphological awareness for self‐sufficient vocabulary building, and character handwriting for CFL learners' efficient reading development.
High growth performance in the early ontogeny of an amphidromous fish, Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis, promoted survival during a disastrous river spate
Authors: Murase Iki , Iguchi Kei’ichiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough river floods and spates have a major influence on fish populations, few studies have examined the selective pressure on individuals and traits that favour their survival. In this study, the factors that potentially affect the survival of an amphidromous fish species, ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel), during a major spate were examined. Using otolith analyses, ayu in the Takahashi River, Okayama, Japan, were compared before (April; n = 50) and after (September; n = 32) a spate with regard to their respective hatch‐date distributions, standard body length and age at upstream migration, age at metamorphosis, and larval and juvenile growth rates. When comparing juvenile traits, surviving adult ayu grew faster than individuals collected before the spate. These findings suggest that juvenile growth rate is a key factor for enhancing subsequent survival and highlight the importance of conserving suitable nursery habitats to enhance fish survival during future floods.
Women deserve better: A discussion on COVID‐19 and the gendered organization in the new economy
Authors: Johnson Simisola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is often thought that large‐scale shocks to society (e.g., war, epidemics, financial collapses etc) equalize societal inequalities, however, we have witnessed a one‐in‐century pandemic (and the economic downturn it has triggered), widen rather than narrow an enduring global injustice: gendered organizations. With women bearing the brunt of school closures, mass lay‐offs and increase in care duties due to lockdowns, racialized women at increased risk of COVID exposure due to essential worker status, and men reaping the benefits of rapid, technological transformations of the economy—largely amplified by pandemic disruptions—it appears that white, masculine bodies and abilities in the workforce are inoculated from the perils of disaster. Equality matters, especially in times of crisis. Following this idea, the author draws on Joan Acker's “ideal worker” concept to demonstrate how pandemic disparities in the workforce are challenging organizational practices, expectations, and experiences worldwide to evolve. This article concludes with a call for workplace policy reforms as a means to advance gender parity goals, as it is critical to achieving organizational inclusivity, and overall, a thriving society and economy post‐pandemic.
Urologic dermatology: a comprehensive foray into the noninfectious etiologies of balanitis
Authors: Nemirovsky Daniel R. , Singh Rohan , Jalalian Aria , Malik Rena D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBalanitis is classically defined as inflammation of the glans penis, often also encompassing the prepuce (balanoposthitis). Several investigations have found that a sizable proportion of urology clinic visits are due to balanitis or related complaints. Balanitis can have numerous complications, including severe pain, urethral stenosis, phimosis, sexual dysfunction, and if untreated, malignancy. Unfortunately, there is no recent or comprehensive review that describes the various etiologies, clinical workup, and treatments for balanitis. Herein this review, we attempt to provide the reader with a complete and updated guide to balanitis in an attempt to improve clinical outcomes.
Banners of the Double Kingdom: How to Identify the Product of Creation and Its Order
Authors: Epsen Edward 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the important dogmatic questions concerning the creed’s first article is to understand what gets produced in the divine act of creation and how that product is ontologically ordered. Traditionally creation is regarded as a double product of two kingdoms, heaven and earth, where God’s sovereign governance of earth is mediated through a governance already established in the created realm of heaven. I show that there are theological and philosophical reasons for affirming that God not only makes heaven and earth, but ontologically orders them so that the visible things are made from, or through the mediation of, the invisible.
Effect of keishibukuryogan combined with tocopherol nicotinate on sperm parameters in patients with a varicocele
Authors: Takeshima Teppei , Karibe Jurii , Saito Tomoki , Ishibashi Yukari , Usui Kimitsugu , Mori Kohei , Kuroda Shinnosuke , Komeya Mitsuru , Yumura Yasushi 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of keishibukuryogan, a traditional Kampo formula known to be an anti‐Oketsu (impaired microcirculation and non‐physiological blood congestion) drug, in combination with an anti‐oxidant for the treatment of varicoceles.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 119 patients with palpable and subclinical varicoceles who were treated with 7.5 g/day of keishibukuryogan and 600 mg/day of tocopherol nicotinate. Their motile sperm concentrations at the start of medication and after 3 months were compared. As a subgroup analysis, a comparison test was carried out between patients with a high‐grade varicocele and those with a low‐grade varicocele.ResultsThe mean age of the study patients was 35.6 years. Among them, 17, 41, 44 and 17 had subclinical, grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 varicoceles, respectively. Overall, the differences in motile sperm concentration (millions/mL) before and after treatment were not significant (median 0.58, 95% confidence interval −0.12 to 1.56; P = 0.115). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the motile sperm concentration in patients with a low‐grade varicocele significantly increased (median 1.21, 95% confidence interval 0.45–2.47; P = 0.024); however, no significant improvements were seen in patients with a high‐grade varicocele.ConclusionsThe results of the present study showed that the combination of keishibukuryogan and an anti‐oxidant had a limited effect on varicoceles, but they suggest that it is effective for the treatment of low‐grade varicoceles.
Australia’s superior skilled migration outcomes compared with Canada’s
Authors: Harrap Benjamin , Hawthorne Lesleyanne , Holland Margaret , McDonald James Ted , Scott Anthony 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAustralia and Canada are global exemplars of skilled migration policy, designed to have important effects on economic growth. This article assesses the development and outcomes of their permanent migration programmes for a range of regulated professions. We compare the matched census data from both countries in 2016 and then examine the key drivers of the major differences found through qualitative interviews. Although the trends in numbers and source countries and characteristics of skilled migrants are similar, their earnings relative to equivalent native‐born earnings are far lower in Canada than in Australia. This reflects the Australian government's greater power to initiate and drive policy reform agendas, early strategies designed to enhance foreign credential recognition and a heightened role for employers including through two‐step migration. Canada has recently announced significantly expanded migration intakes. These seem unlikely to lead to strong economic growth, unless entry requirements are tightened and more targeted support provided.
The making and the portrayal of Scottish distinctiveness: How does the narrative create its audience?
Authors: Nicolson Marcus , Korkut Umut 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHow do states present themselves as inclusive towards migrants and their citizens? This article traces the discourse‐to‐audience framework through an analysis of the Scottish government's rhetoric on Scottish distinctiveness and its effect on how young migrants see Scotland. In order, we examine how the discourse of Scottish distinctiveness is constructed and conveyed through a close examination of Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon's public speeches. Through the examples given, we see how an image of Scotland as open, inclusive and outward‐looking is invoked. We then examine how the discourse fosters its audiences through narrative interviews conducted with young adult migrants living in Scotland. We operationalize Foucault's theory of governmentality to this extent and argue that the macro narrative of distinctiveness directs the ‘conduct of conduct’ of young migrants in Scottish society.
Reflections on return migration: Understanding how African immigrants in Canada contemplate return
Authors: Mensah Joseph , Owusu Ansah Augustine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEven though research on return migration has flourished in the last decade, we still know very little about how immigrants contemplate the decision to return to the homeland. Using multinomial logistic regression, we examined the variables underpinning the return intentions of African immigrants in Canada—specifically, Ghanaians and Somalis in Toronto and Vancouver. Our key independent variables included immigrants’ socioeconomic characteristics, their time‐ and place‐utility factors, their attachments to the homeland, their integration into the Canadian society and their perceived levels of racism in Canada. We found that respondents who were born in Somalia were less likely to have return intentions, compared with those who were born in Ghana. Also, those who lived in Toronto were more likely to have return intentions relative to those who lived in Vancouver. Moreover, those who perceived the level of racism in Canada to be high were more likely to have return intentions.
Micro but mighty—Micronutrients in the epigenetic regulation of adaptive immune responses*
Authors: Chen Heng‐Yi , Hsu Michael , Lio Chan‐Wang Jerry 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicronutrients are essential small molecules required by organisms in minute quantity for survival. For instance, vitamins and minerals, the two major categories of micronutrients, are central for biological processes such as metabolism, cell replication, differentiation, and immune response. Studies estimated that around two billion humans worldwide suffer from micronutrient deficiencies, also known as “hidden hunger,” linked to weakened immune responses. While micronutrients affect the immune system at multiple levels, recent studies showed that micronutrients potentially impact the differentiation and function of immune cells as cofactors for epigenetic enzymes, including the 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase (2OGDD) family involved in histone and DNA demethylation. Here, we will first provide an overview of the role of DNA methylation in T cells and B cells, followed by the micronutrients ascorbate (vitamin C) and iron, two critical cofactors for 2OGDD. We will discuss the emerging evidence of these micronutrients could regulate adaptive immune response by influencing epigenetic remodeling.