bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6and B12throughout smoltification
Authors: Adam Anne-Catrin , Saito Takaya , Espe Marit , Whatmore Paul , Fernandes Jorge Manuel De Oliveira , Vikeså Vibeke , Skjærven Kaja H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA moderate surplus of the one carbon (1C) nutrients methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6and B12above dietary recommendations for Atlantic salmon has shown to improve growth and reduce hepatosomatic index in the on-growing saltwater period when fed throughout smoltification. Metabolic properties and molecular mechanisms determining the improved growth are unexplored. Here, we investigate metabolic and transcriptional signatures in skeletal muscle taken before and after smoltification to acquire deeper insight into pathways and possible nutrient–gene interactions. A control feed (Ctrl) or 1C nutrient surplus feed (1C+) were fed to Atlantic salmon 6 weeks prior to smoltification until 3 months after saltwater transfer. Both metabolic and gene expression signatures revealed significant 1C nutrient-dependent changes already at pre-smolt, but differences intensified when analysing post-smolt muscle. Transcriptional differences revealed lower expression of genes related to translation, growth and amino acid metabolisation in post-smolt muscle when fed additional 1C nutrients. The 1C+ group showed less free amino acid and putrescine levels, and higher methionine and glutathione amounts in muscle. For Ctrl muscle, the overall metabolic profile suggests a lower amino acid utilisation for protein synthesis, and increased methionine metabolisation in polyamine and redox homoeostasis, whereas transcription changes are indicative of compensatory growth regulation at local tissue level. These findings point to fine-tuned nutrient–gene interactions fundamental for improved growth capacity through better amino acid utilisation for protein accretion when salmon was fed additional 1C nutrients throughout smoltification. It also highlights potential nutritional programming strategies on improved post-smolt growth through 1C+ supplementation before and throughout smoltification.
Representation and Ministerial Influence on Cabinet Committees in Canada
Authors: Ie Kenny William 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCabinet committees are important sites of executive politics in Canada. This article examines the extent to which two representational attributes—gender and region—determine influence, as a function of cabinet committee structure. Employing a dataset of ministers under the three most recent prime ministers, I find that female ministers are less likely than male ministers to be influential in terms of connections to other ministers, to belong to the core of most influential ministers and to be represented on the most powerful committees or chairing committees. However, there is evidence of improvement over time. While regional representation is an imperative in cabinet making for Canadian prime ministers, its role in determining ministerial influence within committees is not evident: ministers from less-represented regions are no more likely to be influential than other ministers. This analysis highlights a neglected but central arena for social representation in Canadian government.
Longitudinal association between cardiovascular risk factors and depression in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Chaplin Anna B. , Daniels Natasha F. , Ples Diana , Anderson Rebecca Z. , Gregory-Jones Amy , Jones Peter B. , Khandaker Golam M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a common and serious mental illness that begins early in life. An association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subsequent depression is clear in adults. We examined associations between individual CVD risk factors and depression in young people.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases from inception to 1 January 2020. We extracted data from cohort studies assessing the longitudinal association between CVD risk factors [body mass index (BMI), smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein] and depression, measured using a validated tool in individuals with mean age of 24 years or younger. Random effect meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates from individual studies, including odds ratio (OR) for depression and standardised mean difference for depressive symptoms.ResultsBased on meta-analysis of seven studies, comprising 15 753 participants, high BMI was associated with subsequent depression [pooled OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.14; I2 = 31%]. Based on meta-analysis of eight studies, comprising 30 539 participants, smoking was associated with subsequent depression (pooled OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36–2.20; I2 = 74%). Low, but not high, SBP was associated with an increased risk of depression (pooled OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.68–6.55; I2 = 0%), although this was based on a small pooled high-risk sample of 893 participants. Generalisability may be limited as most studies were based in North America or Europe.ConclusionsTargeting childhood/adolescent smoking and obesity may be important for the prevention of both CVD and depression across the lifespan. Further research on other CVD risk factors including blood pressure and cholesterol in young people is required.
Research into practice: Virtual exchange in language teaching and learning
Authors: Dooly Melinda , Vinagre Margarita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, the authors reflect on the ways research on Virtual Exchange (VE) has had an impact on language education practices and, conversely, areas in which research has been underexplored, misapplied or perhaps even over applied by VE practitioners in formal education settings. Starting from a brief historical overview of VE, the text first outlines the features widely accepted as key aspects of this pedagogical approach before considering to what extent research results can be identified in VE implementation. Principal topics covered are the main aims regarding language development when VE is applied, assessment of language development through VE and VE and intercultural competence. While the article is not intended as a comprehensive review, it provides insight into the main foci of VE research and how these findings are reaching the language classroom (primary, secondary and university).
Acquisition of variability in Akan Phonology: Labio-palatalized consonants and front rounded vowels
Authors: AMOAKO Wendy Kwakye , STEMBERGER Joseph Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper addresses how input variability in the adult phonological system is mastered in the output of young children in Akan, a Kwa language spoken in Ghana, involving variability between labio-palatalized consonants and front rounded vowels. The high-frequency variant involves a complex consonant which is expected to be mastered late, while the low-frequency variant involves a front rounded vowel which is expected to be mastered relatively early. Late mastery of complex consonants was confirmed. The high-frequency labiopalatalized-consonant variant was absent at age 3 and not yet mastered even at age 5. All children produced the easier-to-produce low-frequency front-rounded-vowel variant, most at far greater frequency than in adult speech, implying that a child's output limitations can affect which variant the child targets for production. Modular theories, in which phonological plans reflect only the characteristics of adult input, fail to account for our results. Non-modular theories are implicated.
‘Ein sonderbar’ Ding’: Music, the Historical and the Problem of Temporal Representation in Der Rosenkavalier
Authors: Taylor Benedict 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDer Rosenkavalier is an opera that foregrounds time: the problem of time, as transience, passing and ultimately death for the aging Marschallin, and a potentially more redemptive quality, the category of the Augenblick associated with the young lovers Octavian and Sophie, in which the temporal intersects with the eternal. It is also a work that has traditionally marked the turning point in Strauss's relation to historical time and the idea of musical progress, as the composer supposedly retreated from the modernity of Salome and Elektra to a more conservative idiom. The temporal qualities manifested in Der Rosenkavalier invite comparison with another work from this period that similarly foregrounds the concept of time, Thomas Mann's Der Zauberberg. In this self-styled ‘novel of time’, Mann raises a number of problems concerning the human limitations on perceiving time and its artistic representation, especially with regard to music. Disputing the contention of the narrator of Mann's novel that music cannot ‘narrate time’, I show that Strauss's music in fact exemplifies music's capacity to express ‘the historical in time’, using Der Rosenkavalier as a case study for addressing the philosophical problem of temporal representation in art. I argue that Der Rosenkavalier – both Hofmannsthal's text and Strauss's music – is in several significant ways ‘an opera about time’ – the temporal and the eternal, the historical and what I call the ‘metahistorical’.
Conceptual representations in bicultural bilinguals: An ERP approach
Authors: Pan Xuan , Xiong Andy , Jouravlev Olessia , Jared Debra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigated conceptual representations for translation word pairs in bilinguals who learned their languages in different cultural contexts. Mandarin–English bilinguals were presented with a word, and then a picture, and decided if they matched. Both behavioural and ERP data were collected. In one session, words were in English and in another they were the Mandarin translations. Critical pictures matched the prior word and were either biased to Chinese or Canadian culture. There was an interaction of test language and picture type in RT and errors in the behavioural data, and in five components in the ERP data, indicating that the task was easier when the culture depicted in the picture was congruent with the language of the preceding word. These findings provide evidence that the specific perceptual experiences that bilinguals encounter when learning words in each language have an impact on the semantic features that are activated by those words.
Educational inequalities in obesity: a multilevel analysis of survey data from cities in Latin America
Authors: Mazariegos Mónica , Auchincloss Amy H , Braverman-Bronstein Ariela , Kroker-Lobos María F , Ramírez-Zea Manuel , Hessel Philipp , Miranda J Jaime , Pérez-Ferrer Carolina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:Using newly harmonised individual-level data on health and socio-economic environments in Latin American cities (from the Salud Urbana en América Latina (SALURBAL) study), we assessed the association between obesity and education levels and explored potential effect modification of this association by city-level socio-economic development.Design:This cross-sectional study used survey data collected between 2002 and 2017. Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, derived from measured weight and height) were calculated first. Then, a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression was run to test for effect modification of the education–obesity association by city-level socio-economic development. All analyses were stratified by sex.Setting:One hundred seventy-six Latin American cities within eight countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru).Participants:53 186 adults aged >18 years old.Results:Among women, 25 % were living with obesity and obesity was negatively associated with educational level (higher education–lower obesity) and this pattern was consistent across city-level socio-economic development. Among men, 18 % were living with obesity and there was a positive association between education and obesity (higher education–higher obesity) for men living in cities with lower levels of development, whereas for those living in cities with higher levels of development, the pattern was inverted and university education was protective of obesity.Conclusions:Among women, education was protective of obesity regardless, whereas among men, it was only protective in cities with higher levels of development. These divergent results suggest the need for sex- and city-specific interventions to reduce obesity prevalence and inequalities.
On-campus food environment, purchase behaviours, preferences and opinions in a Norwegian university community
Authors: Martinez-Perez Naiara , Torheim Liv Elin , Castro-Díaz Nerea , Arroyo-Izaga Marta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess the food environment at OsloMet, through the nutritional profile and processing level of available commercial foods and drinks, as well as to determine food-purchasing behaviours, preferences and opinions on the food environment, in order to identify whether interventions on campus need to be conducted.Design:Cross-sectional descriptive study.Setting:Pilestredet and Kjeller campus of OsloMet (Norway).Participants:To analyse the nutritional profile of products offered at all food outlets (seven canteens, three coffee shops and two vending machines) at the main campuses three criteria were applied: those proposed by the Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, the UK nutrient profiling model and those of the Food and Drink Industry Professional Practices Committee Norway. In addition, products were classified by processing level, using the NOVA system. Food purchasing, food choice behaviours and opinions were analysed through a survey online, in which 129 subjects participated.Results:With regard to the first of the objectives, the combination of the above-mentioned criteria showed that 39·8 % of the products were ‘unhealthy’ and 85·9 % were ‘ultra-processed’. Regarding the second objective, the most important determinants of food choice were taste, convenience, and cost and nutrition/health value. The most common improvements suggested were lowering the cost, improving the allergen information on labelling and increasing the variety of fresh and healthy foods.Conclusions:A high proportion of the products offered were considered ‘unhealthy’ and highly processed. Interventions that improve food prices, availability and information on labelling would be well-received in this community.
Skala Suizidales Erleben und Verhalten (SSEV)
Authors: Teismann Tobias , Forkmann Thomas , Glaesmer Heide , Juckel Georg , Cwik Jan C. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung. Suizidales Erleben und Verhalten ist in klinischen Kontexten sehr verbreitet. Während international diverse Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Suizidalität entwickelt und validiert wurden, gibt es nur wenige deutsche Messinstrumente. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die neu entwickelte Skala Suizidales Erleben und Verhalten (SSEV) in fünf Stichproben mit insgesamt N = 1 099 Proband_innen im Hinblick auf ihre psychometrischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Die faktorenanalytische Untersuchung (explorative und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse) ergab eine eindimensionale Struktur des Fragebogens. Die interne Konsistenz der SSEV ist hoch und es zeigten sich erwartungsgemäß positive Zusammenhänge zu diversen Maßen aktueller Theoriemodelle suizidalen Erlebens und Verhaltens, sowie zu Depressivität, Angst und Stress. Weitere Analysen zeigten erwartungskonform negative Zusammenhänge mit sozialer Unterstützung und positiver mentaler Gesundheit. Insgesamt verweisen die Ergebnisse darauf, dass es sich beim SSEV um ein reliables und valides Instrument zur Erfassung von akutem suizidalem Erleben und Verhalten handelt, welches in der Forschung und der klinischen Praxis angewendet werden kann.
Preliminary Statistical Comparisons of Spin‐Averaged Electron Data From Arase and Van Allen Probes Instruments
Authors: Szabó‐Roberts Mátyás , Shprits Yuri Y. , Allison Hayley J. , Vasile Ruggero , Smirnov Artem G. , Aseev Nikita A. , Drozdov Alexander Y. , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Claudepierre Seth G. , Kasahara Satoshi , Yokota Shoichiro , Mitani Takefumi , Takashima Takeshi , Higashio Nana , Hori Tomo , Keika Kunihiro , Imajo Shun , Shinohara Iku 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFollowing the end of the Van Allen Probes mission, the Arase satellite offers a unique opportunity to continue in‐situ radiation belt and ring current particle measurements into the next solar cycle. In this study we compare spin‐averaged flux measurements from the MEPe, HEP‐L, HEP‐H, and XEP‐SSD instruments on Arase with those from the MagEIS and REPT instruments on the Van Allen Probes, calculating Pearson correlation coefficient and the mean ratio of fluxes at L* conjunctions between the spacecraft. Arase and Van Allen Probes measurements show a close agreement over a wide range of energies, observing a similar general evolution of electron flux, as well as average, peak, and minimum values. Measurements from the two missions agree especially well in the 3.6 = L* ≤ 4.4 range where Arase samples similar magnetic latitudes to Van Allen Probes. Arase tends to record higher flux for energies <670 keV with longer decay times after flux enhancements, particularly for L* < 3.6. Conversely, for energies >1.4 MeV, Arase flux measurements are generally lower than those of Van Allen Probes, especially for L* > 4.4. The correlation coefficient values show that the >1.4 MeV flux from both missions are well correlated, indicating a similar general evolution, although flux magnitudes differ. We perform a preliminary intercalibration between the two missions using the mean ratio of the fluxes as an energy‐ and L*‐ dependent intercalibration factor. The intercalibration factor improves agreement between the fluxes in the 0.58–1 MeV range.
The Impact of Grain Size on the Hydromechanical Behavior of Mudstones
Authors: Reece Julia S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe consolidation behavior of mudstone is controlled by the clay fraction and affects a wide range of deformation and fluid transport processes in accretionary wedge systems. I analyze the compression and permeability behavior of six sediment mixtures based on uniaxial resedimentation and constant rate of strain consolidation data. The sediment mixtures are composed of varying proportions of hemipelagic mudstone and silt‐size silica resulting in clay fractions ranging from 56% to 32% by mass. The hemipelagic mudstone is from Site C0011 drilled seaward of the Nankai Trough, offshore Japan, during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 322. I show that porosity and compression index consistently decrease and permeability consistently increases with decreasing clay fraction over vertical effective stresses ranging from 0 to 21 MPa. Backscattered electron microscope images reveal that matrix porosity declines and large, jagged pore throats are being preserved in compaction shadows between silt grains as the clay fraction decreases. I compare the behavior of reconstituted samples with that of intact core and field measurements and interpret that increasing creep with depth and different mudstone fabrics explain differences in their compression curves. Finally, I provide empirical compression and permeability models that describe the evolution of porosity (void ratio) and permeability with vertical effective stress and as a function of grain size. Characterizing the in situ hydromechanical properties of subduction inputs is critical in order to relate input sediments to those at frontal thrust regions and predict pore fluid pressures and compaction‐driven fluid sources within the outer part of the accretionary prism.
Porosity Prediction With Uncertainty Quantification From Multiple Seismic Attributes Using Random Forest
Authors: Zou Caifeng , Zhao Luanxiao , Xu Minghui , Chen Yuanyuan , Geng Jianhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInferring porosity of subsurface from seismic data is of profound significance to many fields of Earth science and engineering applications, including but not limited to: hydrocarbon reservoir characterization, underground water flow modeling, geological CO2 storage, and geothermal energy exploitation. Traditional model‐driven approaches confront the problems of strong nonlinearity and geological heterogeneity, while machine learning is good at nonlinear mapping, providing higher efficiency and accuracy as well. We propose a Random Forest (RF) based method using multiple seismic attributes to predict the underground porosity distribution with uncertainty quantification. The standard deviation of base models' predictions is used to quantify the regression uncertainty of RF. The uncertainty can robustly indicate the prediction quality in numerous experiments, where low uncertainty corresponds to relatively precise prediction and high uncertainty gives a possibility of larger errors. Furthermore, we utilize the quantified uncertainty to improve the RF regression accuracy by correcting the originally predicted porosity according to the statistical relationship between the absolute error and the standard deviation. The application of the proposed method on seismic data shows its potential to characterize spatially varying reservoir parameters, and the quantified uncertainty profile offers insights into risk evaluation for hydrocarbon exploration and development.
A Semi‐Analytical Solution to Evaluate the Spatiotemporal Behavior of Diffusive Pressure Plume and Leakage From Geological Storage Sites
Authors: Das Ayon Kumar , Hassanzadeh Hassan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnalytical and semi‐analytical approaches provide an easy‐to‐use tool to verify the success of long‐term and large‐scale deployment of subsurface CO2 storage. Existing classical solutions lack significant features that are essential in the interpretation of the spatiotemporal evolution of pressure plume. We, obviating the limiting assumptions, report a novel general semi‐analytical solution to a physical problem where a storage layer and a caprock are embedded in an infinite medium. We exploited the features of an integral transform technique and Laplace transform to derive the new solution. An effective numerical treatment is suggested to evaluate the obtained solutions. We identify a distorted Gaussian spatiotemporal pressure plume for the cases when the overburden/underburden permeabilities are less than that of the storage layer. We investigate the nature of temporal behavior of leakage rates and identify a scaling relation in the form of Ld ∝ td1/2 for dimensionless leakage rate and time. We also present a benchmark pressure trend to detect the pressure anomaly signaling potential brine and CO2 leakage. This theory will be invoked as a benchmark analytical study in fields where diffusion is of immense interest.
Injectable non-leaching tissue-mimetic bottlebrush elastomers as an advanced platform for reconstructive surgery
Authors: Dashtimoghadam Erfan , Fahimipour Farahnaz , Keith Andrew N. , Vashahi Foad , Popryadukhin Pavel , Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani Mohammad , Sheiko Sergei S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent materials used in biomedical devices do not match tissue’s mechanical properties and leach various chemicals into the body. These deficiencies pose significant health risks that are further exacerbated by invasive implantation procedures. Herein, we leverage the brush-like polymer architecture to design and administer minimally invasive injectable elastomers that cure in vivo into leachable-free implants with mechanical properties matching the surrounding tissue. This strategy allows tuning curing time from minutes to hours, which empowers a broad range of biomedical applications from rapid wound sealing to time-intensive reconstructive surgery. These injectable elastomers support in vitro cell proliferation, while also demonstrating in vivo implant integrity with a mild inflammatory response and minimal fibrotic encapsulation.