bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal Prongs and Work of Breathing
Authors: Cats B. P. 
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article by Goldman et al1 is without doubt a highly interesting one to which our attention had been drawn a few years ago. We became aware of the fact that, although most of our neonates treated with continous positive airway pressure (CPAP) did well, some seemed to become exhausted very quickly by the apparently increased work of breathing. They developed an extreme metabolic acidosis and subsequent need for mechanical ventilation.
It is known from exercise physiology that during the early phase of exercise, anaerobic processes supply part of the energy-need.
Should Emphasis Be on Monitoring or Diagnosis
Authors: Herbst John J. , Bray Patrick F. , Book Linda S. 
Published: December 2021

The article by Kelly et al1 is an accurate description of the symptomatic treatment and outcome of this distressing problem. We feel that such an approach should clearly be the last resort, and it is unfortunate that a need for a specific diagnosis was not stressed.
The authors do not clearly indicate the evaluation of these patients. Some patients had episodes of transient airway obstruction with apnea. The authors also indicate that some patients had clinical evidence of seizure disorders but they do not clarify whether all of these patients had EEG findings consistent with epilepsy.
Giant Retroperitoneal Lipoma in Children
Authors: Sullivan Walter G. , Wesenberg Richard L. , Lilly John R. 
Published: December 2021

Giant retroperitoneal lipoma is an unusual and benign tumor in children. Characteristically, afflicted patients are seen with only an abdominal mass and thus enter into the diagnostic mix of intra-abdominal tumors of childhood. Two recent patients treated at our institution represent the 13th and 14th reported cases of retroperitoneal lipoma in children and demonstrate that there are distinct diagnostic criteria for the lesion which, if appreciated, obviate the need for a prolonged and detailed investigation.
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
The mother of a 4-year-old girl reported that an abdominal bulge had been present in her child since she was a toddler. The mass was firm, immobile, and mainly in the left lower abdomen but extending past the midline.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Volpe Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Knight's letter questions the predictive value of the neonatal neurologic examination. It states that the neurofindings of Nelson and Ellenberg (Pediatrics 64:225, 1979) indicate a high false-positive rate for the relation between an abnormal neonatal neurologic examination and subsequent neurologic abnormality (ie, "cerebral palsy"). Because of this, Dr Knight indicates that "many would interpret the data as questioning the predictive value of the neonatal neurologic examination."
I would disagree with such an interpretation of the Nelson and Ellenberg data for several reasons.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Childhood: Differentiation from Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
Authors: Manzella John P. , Hall Caroline B. , Green John L. , McMeekin Thomas O. 
Published: December 2021

The staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome usually occurs in children less than 5 years old, whereas drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis is considered a disease of adults.1 Except for the age differential, the two often cannot be distinguished clinically. Therefore, rapid and definitive biopsy diagnosis is essential in the management of patients with acute exfoliative skin disorders. We wish to report the case of a young child with proven toxic epidermal necrolysis and review the manifestations of this disease, as well as the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
CASE REPORT
A 4-year-old white girl was admitted to Strong Memorial Hospital because of a generalized bullous eruption.
Mm Hg = Torr = 7.5006 Kilopascals = Confusion!
Authors: Van Gelder David W. 
Published: December 2021

I am somewhat concerned about the potential adoption of the SI system (International System of Units) reported by the Committee on Hospital Care in the March 1980 issue of Pediatrics.
As a benighted practicing pediatrician I have enough difficulty engulfing the voluminous scientific literature; ingesting the significant nutritious wheat while regurgitating the indigestible chaff and repetitious non-nutritious pap. The introduction of an unfamiliar system of unit measurement into the literature will make this obligation even more difficult.
MARY TOFT OF GODLYMAN, ENGLAND, AND HER EXTRAORDINARY DELIVERY OF SEVENTEEN RABBITS IN 1726
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1726 the English medical world was split into factions of believers and nonbelievers by the report of two physicians that Mary Toft of Godlyman in the County of Surrey had given birth to seventeen rabbits.
She attributed the occurrence of this remarkable event to maternal impressions:
As she was weeding in a Field, she saw a Rabbet spring up near her after which she ran with another Woman that was at work just by her: this set her a longing for Rabbets, being then, as she thought, five Weeks gone with Child; the other Woman perceiving she was uneasy, charged her with longing for the Rabbet they cou'd not catch, but she deny'd it: soon after another Rabbet sprung up near the same place, which she endeavour'd likewise to catch. The same Night she dreamt that she was in a Field with those two Rabbets in her Lap and awaked with a sick Fit which lasted till Morning; from that time for above three Months, she had a constant and strong desire to eat Rabbets, but being very poor and indigent cou'd not procure any.1
Mr. John Howard, the surgeon who attended the confinement, further certified that "when she was delivered of one Rabbet, another was immediately felt in her Belly struggling with such Violence that the Motion thereof cou'd be sensibly felt and seen." In all, seventeen rabbits were delivered at short intervals. King George I considered this event of such importance that he sent his own surgeon, Mr. Nathanael St. André (1680-1776), to investigate, and then Sir Richard Manningham (1690-1759), a distinguished accoucheur and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians; the latter by threat of an operation extracted a full confession of the hoax by which Mrs. Toft had expected to obtain money from the sympathetic and curious.2
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in North America: A Case Report
Authors: Spigelblatt Linda , Rosenfeld Robert , Bonny Yvette , Laverdiere Michel 
Published: December 2021

Dengue hemorrhagic fever, a severe, often fatal, illness, occurs mostly in children and is characterized by a hemorrhagic diathesis, fever, vomiting, a maculopapular rash, liver involvement, and occasionally, a protein-losing shock syndrome.1 This disease is to be differentiated from dengue fever, a relatively benign disease occurring primarily in adults and manifested by myalgia, arthralgia, bone pain, and leukopenia. Cases of dengue fever in North America have been described among travellers from the Carribean.2-6 Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an epidemic disease described after World War II and limited to areas of Southeast Asia, India, and the Pacific islands.7-8
We believe this to be the first reported case in North America of dengue hemorrhagic fever with disseminated intravascular coagulation in a child of Southeast Asian origin.
MONTAIGNE ON MATERNAL IMPRESSIONS AS A CAUSE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Michel Eyquem Montaigne (1533-1592), the brilliant essayist and skeptic, believed that maternal impressions could cause congenital malformations. In his essay, "On the Power of Imagination," written between 1572 and 1574, he gave the following reasons why he accepted this belief.1
Sometimes, however, one's imagination acts not only against one's own body, but against someone else's. And just as a body passes on its sickness to its neighbor, as is seen in the plague, the pox, and soreness of the eyes, which are transmitted from one body to the other—likewise the imagination when vehemently stirred, launches darts that can injure an external object. The ancients maintained that certain women of Scythia, when animated and enraged against anyone, would kill him with their mere glance.... We know by experience that women transmit marks of their fancies to the bodies of the children they carry in their womb.... There was presented to Charles, king of Bohemia and Emperor, a girl from near Pisa, all hairy and bristly, who her mother said had been thus conceived because of a picture of Saint John the Baptist hanging by her bed.
With animals it is the same: witness Jacob's sheep.
Malignant External Otitis Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Childhood
Authors: Sherman Philip , Black Steven , Grossman Moses 
Published: December 2021

Malignant external otitis (MEO) is a severe variant of external otitis. As originally described by Chandler1 in 1968, MEO is an infection of the external ear canal, usually due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is associated with systemic invasion, significant neurologic sequelae, and a high mortality rate. The vast majority of cases have occurred in elderly adults with diabetes mellitus. We present a case of MEO occurring in a 6-year-old child and have compared the findings in our case with those in the adult literature.
CASE REPORT
A previously well 6-year-old boy developed otitis media one month prior to admission which was treated with 5 ml of trimethoprim-sulfamethazole orally twice a day (3 mg of trimethoprim per kilogram of body weight per day).
Rubella and Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Rabau M. Y. , Avigad I. , Wolfstein I. 
Published: December 2021

Rubella, a common viral disease of childhood is characterized by maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, and mild respiratory and systemic symptoms. Although the association between rubella and acute appendicitis is uncommon, one should be aware of their simultaneous occurrence.
During a rubella epidemic in the Tel Aviv area, two children were operated on because of an attack of acute appendicitis. R.S. a 10-year-old boy had rubella of two days duration and abdominal pain and vomiting which had started one day prior to admission.
JOHN EBERLE ON THE RUINOUS EFFECTS OF MATERNAL ALCOHOL INTAKE ON THE LIFE AND HEALTH OF THE FETUS-IN-UTERO (1833)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

John Eberle (1788-1838) in his Treatise on the Diseases and Physical Education of Children, published in 1833, included a chapter on the conduct of mothers during pregnancy. Long before the current concern about the fetal alcohol syndrome, Eberle, almost a century and a half ago, was warning prospective mothers about the "ruinous effects" of alcohol on the fetus, as is evident in the following quotation.1
The majority of children born of decidedly intemperate mothers, are weak and sickly, and but few of them arrive at the age of adolescence. Many females appear to think, that although these and other melancholy consequences follow in the train of habitual intemperance, it is extremely improbable that any injury can result to themselves or the foetus, from the occasional use of small portions of spirituous liquors. Were it indeed absolutely certain, that the use of such potations, would always be restricted to occasional small portions, the indulgence would perhaps, rarely occasion any serious consequences. But as no prudence and resolution can be safely regarded as an entire protection against the gradual formation of the habit of intemperance, where such drinks are occasionally taken during gestation, even though it be at very considerable intervals and in very moderate quantities at first, it is far the safest plan, to abstain wholly from every kind of spirituous liquors.
A WARNING: AN EPIDEMIC OF BABY POWDER ASPIRATION
Authors: Mofenson Howard C. , Greensher Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Recently a pediatrician brought to the attention of the Nassau County Medical Center Poison Control Center his concern over baby powder aspiration. He had just encountered his second case in two months; one of these required hospitalization.
Upon reviewing our Poison Control Center Logs we were astounded to discover 40 calls to our center during the past six months (Jan 1, 1980 to June 30, 1980), or approximately one of every 100 calls for children under the age of 5 years involved potential powder aspiration. Nine of these calls originated from emergency rooms, five from physicians' offices, and 26 from mothers at home. We are presently doing a retrospective and prospective analysis of these calls. However, we do feel that this hazard represents a sufficient threat to children of fatal aspiration of powder that the pediatricians responsible for their care be notified without waiting for the results of our study. The Consumer Product Safety Commission has also been notified of this hazard.
Baby powder is not considered harmful by most parents. Physicians caring for children should emphasize to parents that powders are not considered essential to the routine skin care of infants, but if powders are purchased, they should be stored out of reach of children because of their potential hazard. Some powder containers have the appearance of a baby bottle and may be mistakenly used in such a manner.
DANIEL DEFOE ON THE DEPLORABLE EFFECT OF THE GREAT LONDON PLAGUE OF 1665 ON WOMEN WITH CHILD
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Daniel Defoe (c. 1659-1731) in his graphic pseudo-historical journal, published in 1722, concerning London in the year of the Great Plague of 1665, vividly described with intensely human characters, ordinary people caught in a terrible tragedy they could scarcely comprehend. An example is his description of the pitiable state of women in labor during the calamitous year of the plague.1
... Let me first mention that one of the most deplorable cases in all the present calamity was that of women with child, who, when they came to the hour of their sorrows and their pains came upon them, could neither have help of one kind or another, neither midwife or neighbouring women to come near them. Most of the midwives were dead, especially of such as served the poor; and many, if not all the midwives of note, were fled into the country; so that it was next to impossible for a poor woman that could not pay an immoderate price to get any midwife to come to her, and if they did, those they could get were generally unskillful and ignorant creatures; and the consequence of this was that a most unusual and incredible number of women were reduced to the utmost distress. Some were delivered and spoiled by the rashness and ignorance of those who pretended to lay them. Children without number were, I might say, murthered by the same, but a more justifiable ignorance, pretending they would save the mother, whatever became of the child; and many times both mother and child were lost in the same manner; and especially where the mother had the distemper, there nobody would come near them, and both sometimes perished. Sometimes the mother has died of the plague, and the infant, it may be, half born, or born but not parted from the mother.
ON DRESSING THE AMERICAN NEWBORN INFANT A CENTURY AGO
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

In 1866, Dr W. B. Fletcher of Indianapolis, Indiana described the "time-honored folly of the absurd and cruel system of the first dressing" of the newborn infant as follows:
In most cases, as soon as the child is born and the cord divided, it is tied and the baby given to an employed nurse, some wise neighbor, or friend. The question of "What will she do with it" may best be solved by watching her. First she huddles it up in an old shawl or other garment. She is careful to cover its head, as though it were a young puppy she would smother; or rid the world of an infant cat. In a few moments, someone brings water, soap and towels, and also a heap of old linen, and a trunk full of new. The good woman now turns to the blazing fire, or the hot stove, that the baby may not take cold, and while the youngster implores with yells and cries, she bakes its tender skin on one side while she dabbles its head, eyes, mouth and body with a vile solution of frequently very bad soap. After this ceremony has been past (it matters not whether the child be cleaner than before) she turns her attention to the cord, upon which she frequently deposits, slyly, some pestiferous saliva. "It's healin'," she says, and now she follows authority. First, she cuts or burns a hole in the centre of a bit of cloth, through which she draws the cord.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: McLaughlin John F. 
Published: December 2021

The point made in the second paragraph of the above letter regarding the interpretation of the lower limits of sensitivity of the tests for mercury vapor is noteworthy. The author is also correct in pointing out that threshold limit values are established for eight-hour days for adult workers and not 24-hour exposure of small infants in incubators.
I am not familiar with the references cited regarding mercury vapor. I reviewed the paper briefly with Dr Celia Mae Scott, our industrial hygienist and one of my co-authors on this same subject.
Trampolines II
Authors: Holroyd H. James , Garrettson Lorne K. , Greensher Joseph , McIntire Matilda S. , Krassner Leonard S. , Chi Wing Ng Raymond , Overbach Avrin M. , Rumack Barry H. , Widome Mark D. , Armstrong George D. , Imhulse Diane , l'Archeveque Andre , Othersen H. Biemann , Flynn Thomas G. , Kennell John H. , McLeod Robert N. , Shaffer Thomas E. , Strong William B. , Thornton Melvin L. , Van Rooy Clemens W. , Burkett Lucille , Baker Fred W. , Malacrea Richard 
Published: December 2021

In September 1977, the Academy published a statement calling for a ban on the use of trampolines in schools because of the high number of quadriplegic injuries caused by this apparatus.1 A considerable amount of thought and action resulted. The Academy does not endorse trampoline use, but a revision of the Academy's position to allow for a trial period of limited and controlled use by schools seems appropriate. However, careful assessment of the incidence and severity of injury must continue during this trial period.
The trampoline is a potentially dangerous apparatus, and its use demands the following precautions:
1. The trampoline should not be a part of routine physical education classes.
2. The trampoline has no place in competitive sports.
3. The trampoline should never be used in home or recreational settings.
4. Highly trained personnel who have been instructed in all aspects of trampoline safety must be present, when the apparatus is used.
5. Maneuvers, especially the somersault, that have a high potential for serious injury should be attempted only by those qualified to become skilled performers.
6. The trampoline must be secured when not in use, and it must be well maintained.
7. Only schools or sports activities complying with the foregoing recommendations should have trampolines.
Lower Hematocrit Levels in Blacks Are Not Due to Diet or Socioeconomic Factors
Authors: Garn Stanley M. 
Published: December 2021

Having been involved in the question of black-white differences in hemoglobins and hematocrits from the very start (appropriately published in the Journal of the National Medical Association, Pediatrics, Journal of Pediatrics, American Journal ofClinical Nutrition, etc),1,2 I am intrigued with the statement of Dutton reprinted in the July issue ofPediatrics (66:A62, 1980) suggesting that all of the difference is socioeconomic and dietary in nature.
From the start of our studies we considered this possibility only to reject it first for the State of Michigan, then for the ten states (and New York City) involved in the Ten State Nutrition Survey, and finally in many other data bases including the NCPP (National Collaborative Perinatal Project) of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke.
Pediatrician Intervention in Mother-Child Interaction
Authors: Casey Patrick H. 
Published: December 2021

I would like to congratulate the individual authors and the editorial staff who produced the series of papers published in the August issue of Pediatrics regarding perinatal and postnatal intervention on the mother-child interaction. The research methodology of the papers was of high quality and the thoughtful editorial comments by Dr Haggerty helped tie the papers together and put them in appropriate context.
I would like to contribute to the discussion regarding the variability of results in such studies.
First Aid for the Choking Child
Authors: Holroyd H James , Aronow Regine , Greensher Joseph , Krassner Leonard S. , Othersen H. Biemann , Rumack Barry H. , Toledo J. Rafael , Widome Mark D. , Gross Richard H. , Armstrong George D. , L'Archevêque André , Mofenson Howard C. 
Published: December 2021

The aspiration of a foreign body is a common hazard and the second greatest cause of home accidental death in children less than 5 years old.1 The National Safety Council reported more than 450 childhood deaths in 1978 caused by the accidental ingestion or inhalation of objects or foods resulting in the obstruction of respiratory passages. Pediatricians must emphasize the dangers of this emergency situation and teach first aid measures essential for proper evaluation and treatment. Much existing data on treating the choking child are anecdotal. Review of the available literature suggests that the following approach be adopted.
Any foreign body in the upper airway is an immediate threat to life and requires urgent removal. If the child can speak or breathe and is coughing, any maneuvers are dangerous and unnecessary. If the choking child is unable to breathe or make a sound, turn the child's head, place the child face down over your knees, and forcefully give four back blows. If this procedure fails to propel the object from the windpipe deliver four chest thrusts rapidly. Repeat these procedures as necessary if there is no response. Finger probing of the mouth should be attempted only if the foreign body is visualized. If the victim is an infant, place him over your forearm for the maneuvers. Older children can be placed on the rescuer's lap or on the floor.
Pediatricians should familiarize themselves with recommended methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for the various age groups.2 Remember, if the child is able to breathe and make sounds, and is coughing, these maneuvers are not needed.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Benfield D. Gary , Leib Susan 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate Dr Altemeier's interest in our paper, and would like to respond to the issues he has raised.
As stated in the paper, during the time period of the control group study, standard nursery care was given to all infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. There were no infants receiving the prescribed enrichment procedures at that time. Parents of the control infants gave their informed written consent for their infants to participate in a research project to measure their infants' growth and development.
Who Commits Suicide?
Authors: Eisenberg Leon 
Published: December 2021

Permit me to correct a misleading statement which appeared in my paper on adolescent suicide.1 I stated (p 316) far too categorically that: "In all age groups, in all countries, and for all periods for which data are available, men consistently outnumber women by about 3 to 1 in completed suicides...."
Professor Toyomasa Fuse of York University (Canada) has called to my attention data on suicide in Japan,2 where suicide among women has been consistently high; in 1973, the male/female ratio was 1.37, similar to data for Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand.