bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliminating Contamination in Umbilical Cord Blood Culture Sampling for Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Quinones Cardona Vilmaris , Lowery Vanessa , Cooperberg David , Anday Endla K. , Carey Alison J. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Despite the advantages of umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) use for diagnosis of early onset sepsis (EOS), contamination rates have deterred neonatologists from its widespread use. We aimed to implement UCBC collection in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and apply quality improvement (QI) methods to reduce contamination in the diagnosis of early onset sepsis.Methods: Single-center implementation study utilizing quality improvement methodology to achieve 0% contamination rate in UCBC samples using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model for improvement. UCBC was obtained in conjunction with peripheral blood cultures (PBC) in neonates admitted to the NICU due to maternal chorioamnionitis. Maternal and neonatal characteristics between clinical sepsis and asymptomatic groups were compared. Process, outcome, and balancing measures were monitored.Results: Eighty-two UCBC samples were collected in addition to peripheral blood culture from neonates admitted due to maternal chorioamnionitis. Ten (12%) neonates had a diagnosis of clinical sepsis. All PBCs were negative and 5 UCBCs were positive in the study period. After 2 PDSA cycles, there was special cause variation with improvement in the percent of contaminated samples from 7.3 to 0%. There was no change in antibiotic duration among asymptomatic neonates.Conclusions: Implementation of UCBC for the diagnosis of EOS in term infants is feasible and contamination can be minimized with the implementation of a core team of trained providers and a proper sterile technique without increasing antibiotic duration.
Latent Structure of Combined Autistic and ADHD Symptoms in Clinical and General Population Samples: A Scoping Review
Authors: Krakowski Aneta D. , Szatmari Peter , Crosbie Jennifer , Schachar Russell , Duku Eric , Georgiades Stelios , Anagnostou Evdokia 
Published: December 2021

Background: Many phenotypic studies have estimated the degree of comorbidity between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but few have examined the latent, or unobserved, structure of combined ASD and ADHD symptoms. This is an important perquisite toward better understanding the overlap between ASD and ADHD.Methods: We conducted a scoping review of studies that examined the factor or latent class structure of ASD and ADHD symptoms within the same clinical or general population sample.Results: Eight studies met final inclusion criteria. Four factor analysis studies found that ASD and ADHD domains loaded separately and one found that some ASD and ADHD domains loaded together. In the three latent class studies, there were evidence of profiles with high levels of co-occurring ASD and ADHD symptoms.Conclusions: Our scoping review provides some evidence of phenotypic overlap between ASD and ADHD at the latent, or unobserved, level, particularly when using a “person-centered” (latent class analysis) vs. a “variable-centered” (factor analysis) approach.
Impact of Air Pollution on Residents' Medical Expenses: A Study Based on the Survey Data of 122 Cities in China
Authors: Liu Huan , Hu Tiantian , Wang Meng 
Published: December 2021

Background: With the development of the social economy, air pollution has resulted in increased social costs. Medical costs and health issues due to air pollution are important aspects of environmental governance in various countries.Methods: This study uses daily air pollution monitoring data from 122 cities in China to empirically investigate the impact of air pollution on residents' medical expenses using the Heckman two-stage and instrumental variable methods, matching data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) survey.Results: The study found that poor air quality, measured by the air quality index (AQI), significantly increased the probability of chronic lung disease, heart disease, and self-rated poor health. Additionally, the AQI (with an effect of 4.51%) significantly impacted health-seeking behavior and medical expenses. The medical expenditure effects of mild, moderate, severe, and serious pollution days were 3.27, 7.21, 8.62, and 42.66%, respectively.Conclusion: In the long run, residents' health in areas with a higher air pollution index, indicating poor air quality, is negatively impacted. The more extreme the pollution, the higher the probability of residents' medical treatment and the subsequent increase in medical expenses. Group and regional heterogeneity also play a role in the impact of air pollution on medical expenses. Compared with the existing literature, this study is based on individuals aged 15 years and above and produces reliable research conclusions.
Multimorbidity in Hospitalized Patients Admitted to General Practice Departments and Its Implications for the General Practice Healthcare System: A Four-Year Longitudinal Study in China
Authors: Zhou Zhihan , Shi Meng , Liu Mengzhu , Gu Jianqin , Silver Tarimo Clifford , Wu Jian , Miao Yudong 
Published: December 2021

Objective: China and many developing countries has placed high expectations on the general practice healthcare system in terms of lowering medical costs and improving the health status of the multimorbid population in recent years. However, the prevalence of multimorbidity among inpatients attending the general practice department of hospitals and its policy implications are largely unknown. The current study aimed to analyze the prevalence of comorbidities among inpatients attending the general practice department of the tertiary Grade-A Hospitals in China, and put forward evidence-based policy recommendations.Methods: Between December 2016 and November 2020, 351 registered general practitioners from 27 tertiary hospitals were selected, and their direct admissions were evaluated. The rate and composition ratio were used for descriptive analysis of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of multimorbidity. A backward stepwise algorithm was used to explore independent variables. The absence of multicollinearity and plausible interactions among variables were tested to ensure the robustness of the logistic regression model. The pyramid diagram was used to show the link between gender and the involved human body system in multimorbidity.Results: Multimorbidity was present in 93.1% of the 64, 395 patients who were admitted directly. Multimorbidity was significantly more prevalent in patients aged 45–59 years (OR=3.018, 95% CI=1.945–4.683), 60–74 years (OR = 4.349, 95% CI = 2.574–7.349), ≥75 years (OR = 7.804, 95% CI = 3.665–16.616), and those with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2 (OR = 3.770, 95% CI = 1.453–9.785). The circulatory system was found to be the most commonly involved human body system in multimorbidity, accounting for 79.2% (95% CI = 78.8–79.5%) of all cases. Significant gender inequity was further observed in the involved human body system in multimorbidity.Conclusion: Multimorbidity is likely common among the inpatients attending the general practice department of hospitals in China and many developing countries, with significant gender inequity in the involved human body systems. Effective countermeasures include establishing a GP-PCIC multimorbidity prevention and control model and enhancing the multimorbidity of elderly and obese patients at both the clinical and healthy lifestyle levels. The diagnosis and treatment capabilities of GPs on the circulatory, endocrine, metabolic, digestive, and respiratory systems should be prioritized.
21st Century Good Neighbor Program: An Easily Generalizable Program to Reduce Social Isolation in Older Adults
Authors: Sandu Shashank , Sreedhar Siva , Chang Linda , Cohen Lindsay , Cruz Andrea , Olson Heidi R. , Sreedhar Radhika , Gomez Kayeromi , Carrion Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Aim: In this once-in-a-lifetime humanitarian crisis, what does it mean to be a good neighbor? It means that as a community, we must address loneliness and barriers to care faced by vulnerable populations such as older adults. We share an inexpensive longitudinal experiential service-learning program implemented by health professions and undergraduate student volunteers that aims to help alleviate loneliness in older adults while imparting meaningful experiences to volunteers.Intervention Design and Setting: The 21st Century Good Neighbor Program is an observational cohort study of an experiential service-learning program started in May 2020, and this article shares the results collected after 1 year. This longitudinal, weekly phone call program was conducted in a single community setting in the Midwestern part of the United States. Older adults over the age of 60 served by a local community service agency (CSA) were invited to participate. Volunteers consisted of students 18 or older. Student volunteers made regular phone calls to a pair of older adults throughout the course of 1 year following standardized call scripts. The loneliness of the older adults was measured by volunteers using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Assessment.Results: 261 older adults were engaged in conversations with a volunteer. A total of 1,391 calls were accepted by older adults and the median length of a welcomed call was 11 min. The average baseline loneliness score was 4.156 ± 1.41 and the prevalence of social isolation was 19.5%. There was no significant change in the UCLA loneliness score in the first year of follow up. However, a majority of volunteers (88%) agreed or strongly agreed that the program had a positive impact on them. In addition, the program identified 257 issues older adults faced that required follow-up. The most prevalent concerns referred to the community service agency by volunteers were issues related to utilities, food and transportation access.Conclusion: The 21st Century Good Neighbor Program is a unique intervention in which student volunteers and older adults paired by a community service agency forge relationships though a longitudinal phone call-based program. This easy-to-implement program provides another layer of support to identify and refer issues that impact social determinants of health. The added benefit of volunteer satisfaction in the setting of COVID 19 pandemic is heartening. We hope to continue to study the impact of this intervention on social isolation in this vulnerable population.
EQ-5D-3L Health Status Among Homeless People in Stockholm, Sweden, 2006 and 2018
Authors: Burström Bo , Irestig Robert , Burström Kristina 
Published: December 2021

Background: Homeless people are a socially excluded group whose health reflects exposures to intersecting social determinants of health. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the demographic composition, certain social determinants of health, and self-reported health among homeless people in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2006 and 2018.Methods: Analysis of data from face-to-face interviews with homeless people in Stockholm 2006 (n = 155) and 2018 (n = 148), based on a public health survey questionnaire adapted to the group, including the EQ-5D-3L instrument. The chi-squared test was employed to test for statistical significance between groups and the independent t-test for comparison of mean scores and values. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, with Robust Standard Errors (RSE) was performed on merged 2006 and 2018 data with mean observed EQ VAS score as outcome variable.Results: In 2018 more homeless people originated from countries outside Europe, had temporary social assistance than long-term social insurance, compared to in 2006. In 2018 more respondents reported lack of social support, exposure to violence, and refrained from seeking health care because of economic reasons. Daily smoking, binge drinking, and use of narcotic drugs was lower 2018 than 2006. In 2018 a higher proportion reported problems in the EQ-5D-3L dimensions, the mean TTO index value and the VAS index value was significantly lower than in 2006. In the regression analysis of merged data there was no significant difference between the years.Conclusions: Homeless people are an extremely disadvantaged group, have high rates of illness and disease and report poor health in all EQ-5D-3L dimensions. The EQ VAS score among the homeless people in 2018 is comparable to the score among persons aged 95–104 years in the general Swedish population 2017. The EQ-5D-3L instrument was easily administered to this group, its use allows comparison with larger population groups. Efforts are needed regarding housing, but also intensified collaboration by public authorities with responsibilities for homeless people's health and social welfare. Further studies should evaluate the impact of such efforts by health and social care services on the health and well-being of homeless people.
Transformation Method for Solving System of Boolean Algebraic Equations
Authors: Barotov Dostonjon , Osipov Aleksey , Korchagin Sergey , Pleshakova Ekaterina , Muzafarov Dilshod , Barotov Ruziboy , Serdechnyy Denis 
Published: December 2021

In recent years, various methods and directions for solving a system of Boolean algebraic equations have been invented, and now they are being very actively investigated. One of these directions is the method of transforming a system of Boolean algebraic equations, given over a ring of Boolean polynomials, into systems of equations over a field of real numbers, and various optimization methods can be applied to these systems. In this paper, we propose a new transformation method for Solving Systems of Boolean Algebraic Equations (SBAE). The essence of the proposed method is that firstly, SBAE written with logical operations are transformed (approximated) in a system of harmonic-polynomial equations in the unit n-dimensional cube Kn with the usual operations of addition and multiplication of numbers. Secondly, a transformed (approximated) system in Kn is solved by using the optimization method. We substantiated the correctness and the right to exist of the proposed method with reliable evidence. Based on this work, plans for further research to improve the proposed method are outlined.
Uso de las TIC en la comprensión de textos del idioma Inglés en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Aguirre Idrogo Yesica Mabel , Vargas Navarro Rachel , Huaman Guzman Abraham Moises , Gutierrez Narrea Giovanna Sonia 
Published: December 2021

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el impacto del uso de las Tic en la comprensión de textos del idioma inglés en los estudiantes del quinto grado de secundaria de una institución educativa del distrito de Lurín. Este estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo, con nivel experimental de tipo aplicada y tiene un diseño cuasi experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 150 estudiantes y la muestra fue de 60 estudiantes divididos en dos grupos, grupo control y grupo experimental. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, la técnica que se empleó para la recolección de datos fue una encuesta y como instrumento una prueba de conocimiento, la cual consistía en 20 preguntas, este instrumento fue validado por medio del juicio de expertos. Según los resultados se puede comprobar que el uso de las TIC impactó significativamente en la comprensión de textos del idioma inglés en los estudiantes del quinto grado de educación secundaria.
Estrategia de inferencia en comprensión lectora en estudiantes de secundaria por entornos virtuales
Authors: Chávez Espinoza Patricia Emperatriz , Taber De la Cruz Yessikha Orielle , Menacho Vargas Isabel , Asto Luna Evelyn Lourdes 
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue demostrar la influencia significativa de la aplicación de la estrategia de inferencia en la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes del primer año de educación secundaria por entornos virtuales. Se utilizó enfoque cuantitativo, método hipotético- deductivo, diseño cuasiexperimental. La población total investigada fue de 120 estudiantes, la muestra fue de 60 participantes, constituido por un grupo experimental GE de 30 y un grupo control GC de 30 estudiantes del primer año de secundaria de la I.E. N° 2032 “Manuel Scorza Torres” de Lima Metropolitana. Los resultados obtenidos en la hipótesis general, con un p=0,000 en la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, rechazó la hipótesis nula, y aceptar que, la aplicación de la estrategia de inferencia influye significativamente en la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes del primer año de educación secundaria.
PENGATURAN PERLINDUNGAN PEMBELA HAK ASASI MANUSIA MENURUT HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (Studi Kasus Penghilangan Paksa 13 Aktivis pada Tahun 1998)
Authors: Fitriani Ade Irma , Tarigan Rehulina , Putri Ria Wierma 
Published: December 2021

Salah satu bentuk perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusia (HAM) yang menjadi tanggung jawab negara adalah perlindungan terhadap pembela hak asasi manusia (Pembela HAM). Namun, gerakan yang kritis dan sering kali tidak sejalan dengan pemerintah membuat pembela HAM terancam, salah satu kasusnya terjadi pada 13 aktivis yang dihilangkan secara paksa pada tahun 1998. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan berfokus pada permasalahan pengaturan perlindungan pembela HAM menurut hukum internasional dan hukum nasional Indonesia, serta tanggung jawab negara dalama memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap 13 aktivis yang dihilangkan secara paksa pada tahun 1998. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, Pertama, hukum internasional maupun hukum nasional Indonesia mengakui dan mengatur secara jelas perlindungan terhadap pembela HAM. Kedua, berdasarkan pengaturan yang ada maka negara bertanggung jawab untuk melindungi pembela HAM termasuk 13 aktivis dari tindakan penghilangan paksa dengan mencari dan menemukan para korban tersebut termasuk mengadili dan menghukum pelaku yang bertanggung jawab
TINJAUAN YURIDIS MENGENAI PENGELOLAAN BARANG BERUPA TANAH DAN BANGUNAN MILIK NEGARA DI LINGKUNGAN TENTARA NASIONAL INDONESIA ANGKATAN DARAT (TNI AD)
Authors: Mumpuni Niken Wahyuning Retno , Mudiparwanto Wahyu Adi 
Published: December 2021

Kementerian Pertahanan/TNI memiliki komitmen yang kuat dan fokus terhadap pengelolaan Barang Milik Negara (BMN).Saat ini instansi di lingkungan Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI AD) banyak memiliki lahan dan bangunan strategis yang sangat potensial untuk didayagunakan atau dimanfaatkan. Hanya saja timbul permasalahan ketika aset yang dimiliki oleh TNI AD berupa tanah dan atau bangunan dikuasai oleh masyarakat sipil secara turun temurun yang secara otomatis TNI AD tidak dapat memanfaatkan BMN tersebut.Peneliti memfokuskan 2 (dua) hal permasalahan dalam tulisan ini, yang pertama terkait dengan Tinjauan Yuridis Pengelolaan Barang Milik Negara dan Konsepsi Penyelesaian Permasalahan terhadap Barang Milik Negara (Tanah) Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI AD).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dalam penerapan hukum adminitrasi negara, hukum perdata serta hukum milier. Dan merupakan langkah positif bagi para pemangku kepentingan untuk lebih memperhatikan aturan atau kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan aset yang dimiliki oleh Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI).Pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris digunakan penulis untuk mengetahui hasil penelitian yang telah diolah secara rinci kedalam bentuk kalimat-kalimat (deskritif).Dari data yang akan dihasilkan luaran wajib berupa publikasi pada jurnal nasional terakreditasi sebagai sarana untuk memacu penelitian lanjutan.Dukungan data awal terkait penelitian ini hanya bersumber dari data sekunder,sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan data primer. Kata Kunci: Pengelolaan, BMN, TNI AD.
Legal status of a law enforcement official of Mongolia
Authors: Erdenebulgan Nyamsuren 
Published: December 2021

The author highlights the issues related to the essence and implementation of the legal status of a law enforcement official. These issues are the focus of attention of scientists (primarily specialists in administrative law), legislators, civil society, as well as of the employees themselves.
The terms «legal status» and «legal situation» are analysed in details. The issues related to the definition of the legal status of a law enforcement official of Mongolia are considered.
The author presents a wide range of opinions of lawyers on the content of the concept of «legal status of a law enforcement official», gives various classifications of the term of legal status, and presents his vision of this problem and its solution with regard to law enforcement agencies of Mongolia.
The author agrees with the point of view of those specialists who point out that the specificity of the legal status of a law enforcement official, his rights and duties, requires adopting other components, such as responsibility, which are quite justified.
The author also underlines that there is almost no mention of the key-concept «a law enforcement official» in Mongolian legislation. This led to a conclusion that this concept should be legalized before being considered in details.
The research also briefly discusses the main results of the extensive work on reforming police in 2011–2015. The author notes that the absolute following the example of Western countries was not appropriate. Thus, the author criticizes some aspects of the transition of the police from a special service to a public one, for example, the procedure for assigning special ranks by positions held, which led to an outflow of specialists from the law enforcement sphere to other areas.
The author concludes that legally fixed features characterizing the legal status of a law enforcement official are far from exhaustive and require further rethinking, research, improvement in law-making and law enforcement.
Criminological features of cybercrime against minors
Authors: Ivasyuk Olga 
Published: December 2021

Cybercrime today is one of the fastest growing types of criminal activity that encroach on various social groups of community. Today, in addition to criminal acts aimed at economic profit, the level of criminal infringements aimed at the personal rights of children, has increased, as has the involvement of minors in the commission of serious and particularly serious crimes.
Crimes against children committed in the information environment are different from traditional forms of criminal abuse, and are characterized by particular cruelty, a high level of proficiency of perpetrators, anonymity (identity of a perpetrator is hidden behind an information code) and transnationality. Conditionally the activities of cybercriminals can be categorized as offences aimed at the personal rights of children and criminal acts aimed at involving minors in offences through the information environment.
Cybercriminal activities include, inter alia, trafficking in children in information and telecommunications networks; sexual exploitation of minors, including involvement in prostitution; inducement of children to commit suicide; and others. Such acts constitute serious or particularly serious crimes aimed at violating the personal rights of children, whose protection requires the development of national legislation and constant international cooperation. The author believes that specific international treaties on cooperation in the detection of cybercrime should be concluded, as well as general rules on the definition of various forms of cybercrime.