bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In memory of Prof. Waldemar L. Olszewski
Authors: Partsch Hugo 
Published: March 2021

This is Waldemar as we know him: incorruptibly believing on his own experience; which revolutionized conventional ideas concerning basic facts on physiology and pathology of tissue function. He was the first who described the contractility of normal lymphatics, and was a scientific pioneer in many other subjects, e.g. the long-term treatment of recurrent erysipelas with antibiotics, or the implantation of silicone tubing for treatment of advanced lymphedema, his broad and brilliant knowledge of bacteriology and immunology and his open mind for social problems in the whole world made him to a unique personality, far beyond the well-known lymphologist.1In spite of his interest in basic biology he was always open for problems of the basis, promoting courses how to treat lymphedema in the community and performed some important studies concerning the conservative treatment of lymphedema patients, together with his female partner, Dr. Zaleska. When the International Compression Club (ICC) invited him to support one of their educational meetings he never refused to give a presentation and to provide us with a manuscript which were all accepted a printed in Veins and Lymphatics.2,3 I had the privilege being invited to write a chapter in one of his books and, working in Vienna, to see his grandson in my practice; since Waldemar’s daughter was married to an Austrian also living there. I may express my deep condolences to his family and to Dr Zaleska and promise that we will never forget Waldemar.
Prof. Hugo Partsch, M.D. Past President of the International Compression Club (ICC) Hugo.Partsch@meduniwien.ac.at
Effect of coating on the color and surface hardness of the surface of dental ceramics
Authors: Kul Esra , Bayindir Funda , Gül Pinar , Yesildal Ruhi , Matori Khamirul Amin 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether boron nitride (BN) and BN–chromium (BN–Cr) coatings applied with the sputtering method would change the characteristics of hardness and discoloration of the ceramic veneer surface.

Materials and Methods:
In this experimental study, thirty disc-shaped cores (10 mm in diameter and 0.8 mm in thickness) were prepared. Three different ceramic systems, IPS Empress (E) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechntenstein), IPS e.max Press (EP) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechntenstein), and Turkom Cera (T) (Turcom-Ceramic SDN-BHD, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia), were tested, each with n = 10. The specimens were divided into two subgroups (n = 5) according to the coating on the veneering ceramic: BN or BN–Cr. The Vickers hardness and color differences (ΔE) values were measured before and after coating. Surface analysis was performed with X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopic. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare hardness values. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to compare ΔE values among all groups. The post hoc tests was used after Kruskal–Wallis, with level of statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
BN–Cr coating statistically significantly increased the hardness of all types of ceramics (P < 0.05). BN coating did not change the hardness statistically significantly (P > 0.05). The mean ΔE values indicated clinically noticeable (over the limit of 3.7) color change in all groups except for the EP-BN and T-BN groups.

Conclusion:
Although BN–Cr coating in this thickness had a negative effect on color, it increased the hardness of the ceramics and could be useful in the palatal region.
Effect of casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride with/without erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser irradiation on enamel microhardness of permanent teeth
Authors: Ghelejkhani Arezoo , Nadalizadeh Sareh , Rajabi Mansoureh 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Laser therapy, along with the use of fluoridated compounds is a novel technique suggested for caries prevention. Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is another product suggested for this purpose. This study compared the effect of CPP-ACP and fluoride with/without Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet laser irradiation on enamel microhardness of permanent teeth.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro experimental study evaluated 35 extracted third molars. The teeth were decoronated, and the crowns were split into buccal and lingual halves. The samples were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10) of GC Tooth Mousse, MI Paste Plus, laser, fluoride varnish, laser + GC Tooth Mousse, laser + MI Paste Plus, and laser + fluoride varnish. The baseline microhardness was measured before the intervention. After the intervention, the samples were kept in artificial saliva for 1 h and were then immersed in the demineralizing solution for 3 h followed by 21 h of immersion in the remineralizing solution for a total period of 12 days. Finally, the teeth were kept in the remineralizing solution for 2 more days. The secondary microhardness of the teeth was then measured. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test.

Results:
The fluoride varnish (14.31%) and laser + fluoride varnish (18.79%) groups experienced minimum reduction in microhardness, while the GC Tooth Mousse group experienced maximum reduction in microhardness (91.64%) (P < 0.001). Laser irradiation before the application of remineralizing agents increased the microhardness only in laser + GC Tooth Mousse group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Fluoride varnish increased the enamel microhardness, while GC Tooth Mousse had no such effect. Laser therapy before the application of remineralizing agents did not significantly enhance enamel resistance to demineralization.
Quantitative analysis of herpes simplex virus-1 transcript in suspected viral keratitis corneal buttons and its clinical significance
Authors: Anjum Shahzan , Sen Seema , Agarwal Rinky , Sharma Namrata , Kashyap Seema , Sharma Anjana 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
The evaluation of Herpes Simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) transcript by different investigative methods (qPCR, PCR and IHC) in corneal buttons from suspected viral keratitis patients and the comparison of results with histopathological findings and clinical diagnosis.

Methods:
Sixty corneal buttons, 30 suspected viral keratitis, and 30 controls (keratoconus and bullous keratopathy) obtained after primary penetrating keratoplasty, were included in the study. All the corneal buttons were subjected to reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection of latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene, conventional PCR for polymerase (pol) gene, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HSV-1 antigen respectively. After obtaining baseline preoperative clinical data, all the patients were followed up for three years. The results obtained were correlated with clinicopathological features and follow-up data.

Results:
Of the 30 suspected viral keratitis patients there were 6 females and 24 males with mean age 46.5 ± 24.62 years (3-80 yrs). There was a marked male preponderance (80%). HSV-1 LAT transcript was detected in 23% (7/30) corneal buttons by qPCR, HSV-1 DNA in 6.7% (2/30) and HSV-1 antigen in 30% (9/30) cases by conventional PCR and IHC respectively. A statistically significant association was found between qPCR and DNA PCR (P = 0.04). All the 30 control corneas were negative for HSV-1 LAT gene, DNA and antigen.

Conclusion:
Detection of HSV-1 LAT transcript by qPCR may be superior to HSV-1 DNA PCR (conventional) and IHC, which has low sensitivity. However, the utility of HSV-1 LAT mRNA analysis as a diagnostic modality by qPCR needs to be validated on a larger patient cohort.
Ocular manifestations in renal allograft recipients
Authors: Ginu PM , Sati Alok , Murari T , Kaushik Jaya , Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Vijay Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report the ocular findings in renal allograft recipients in India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was performed, at least three months postrenal transplant, in 152 renal allograft recipients for the ocular findings. In addition, ocular findings were assessed for an association with the clinical variables like major etiologies of end-stage renal disease, pre-transplant dialysis duration, post-transplant duration, and dosage of immunosuppressive drugs.

Results:
72.36% of the recipients (mean age, 38.16 ± 10.04 years) had at least one ocular finding at 3 ± 2.6 years (range, 0.3-14 years), postrenal transplant. Hypertensive retinopathy was the commonest ocular finding followed by posterior subcapsular cataract (20.4%), nuclear sclerosis (19.7%), diabetic retinopathy (15.1%), dry eye (11.2%), allergic conjunctivitis (9.9%), pterygium (6.6%), open-angle glaucoma (3.3%), meibomitis (3.3%), pinguicula (2.6%), chalazion (1.3%), subconjunctival haemorrhage (1.7%), central serous chorioretinopathy (1.7%), healed ocular toxoplasmosis (1.7%), papilledema (1.7%), and dry ARMD (1.7%). In addition, a significant association existed between some of the ocular findings with major aetiologies of ESRD, post-transplant duration, and dosage of immunosuppressive drugs. However, no association existed between the ocular findings and pre-transplant dialysis duration.

Conclusion:
Ocular findings are seen in 72.36% of the renal transplant recipients with hypertensive retinopathy being the commonest one. Hence, a mandatory regular ophthalmic screening of the recipients is recommended for an early detection and timely intervention to improve the quality of life.
Merits of conjunctival frill incision in reducing trabeculectomy-induced astigmatism and patient discomfort
Authors: Singh Kirti , Bhattacharyya Mainak , Kumar Sumit 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
To compare results of a novel “conjunctival frill/smile incision” on surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and patient discomfort vs conventional trabeculectomy in the initial postoperative period.

Methods:
Sixty trabeculectomy cases were subjected to either conjunctival frill incision, performed 1.5–2.0 mm from the limbus (study group) or conventional fornix-based conjunctival flap (control group). Corneal astigmatism and suture-induced discomfort were assessed by keratometry and a self-devised patient questionnaire, respectively.

Results:
Both groups generated a “with the rule” SIA, which was 1.77 vs 2.42 at 1 week and reduced to 1.27 vs 1.8 in the study vs control group, after removal of sutures – both scleral flap releasable and conjunctival at 1 month. Patient discomfort score revealed enhanced comfort in 37% of patients (study group) vs 17% (control group) during the early postoperative period. After 1 month of surgery, good comfort was regained in all cases.

Conclusion:
This novel suturing technique results in reduced SIA, patient discomfort during the 1st month after trabeculectomy.
Para Mujtahid Pada Era Sahabat dalam Kaitan Mazhab Shahabiy
Authors: Mursyid  
Published: March 2021

Era sahābat memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam perkembangan fiqh karena pada era sahābat, hukum Islam mulai berinteraksi dengan peradaban Persia dan Romawi yang menimbulkan beberapa persoalan baru, terutama dalam persoalan mu'āmalah. Persoalan baru yang dihadapi ini belum pernah dihadapi oleh umat Islam sebelumnya, bahkan persoalan tersebut belum pernah muncul pada masa Rasulullah. Para Sahābat kemudian merumuskan dan mengejewantahkan bagaimana posisi Islam dalam berinteraksi dengan kedua peradaban tersebut. Pada konteks inilah penelitian ilmiah tentang sebaran sahābat dan implikasinya terhadap mazhab sahabiy menarik untuk dikaji dalam rangka melahirkan konsep fiqh yang relevan dengan kondisi masyarakat yang terus bergerak ke dalam satu fase baru sejarah, yaitu dunia modern. Secara sepesifik, penelitian ini berfokus pada kajian sebaran sahābat dengan menekankan pada siapa-siapa saja sahābat yang menjadi mujtahid pada periode sahabat dan di daerah mana mereka tersebar serta bagaimana pengaruh sebaran sahābat terhadap Mazhab sahābī.
Penafsiran Al-zamakhsyari terhadap Ayat-Ayat Mutasyabihat dalam Tafsir Al-Kasysyaf
Authors: Banor Sulkifli 
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang penafsiran al-Zamakhsyari terhadap Ayat-Ayat mutasya>biha>t dengan fokus pembahasan bertolak dari permasalahan pokok, yaitu pemikiran teologis al-zamakhsyari terhadap ayat-ayat mutasya>biha>t dalam tafsir al-kasysya>f. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan tafsiri, linguistik, teologi dan historis. Seluruh data-data yang terkait dengan pemikiran al-Zamakhsyari dan terkhusus hasil penafsirannya dalam tafsir al-Kasysya>f dikumpulkan kemudian diolah dengan pendekatan tersebut di atas. Teknik analis data yang digunakan sebagai kajian kepustakaan menggunakan content analisis (analis isi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Ayat mutasya>bih ialah ayat yang belum jelas atau samar penunjukannya. Kesamaran suatu ayat diakibatkan oleh beberapa hal, yaitu lafal, makna, dan dapat juga dari keduanya yakni lafal dan makna. (2) Al-Zamakhsyari mengakui eksistensi ayat-ayat mutasya>biha>t di dalam al-Qur’an. Disamping itu, al-Zamakhsyari mengakui pula kemampuan manusia memahami ayat-ayat mutasya>biha>t itu. (3) Al-Zamakhsyari menjelaskan makna sebagian huruf-huruf muqatt{}a’ah dan tidak sebagiannya. Ia menjelaskan makna sebagian ayat-ayat tajassum dan tidak menjelaskan sebagiannya.
Nemzetközi interakciók a nyelvrokonság tükrében
Authors: Várnagy Edina , Márkus Ádám 
Published: March 2021

A nemzetközi kereskedelem vizsgálata során számos tanulmány helyezi a hangsúlyt a közös valuta, a közvetlen működőtőke áramlás vagy a kereskedelmet befolyásoló más tényezőkre. Azonban kevés tanulmány foglalkozik a nyelvek, nyelvi hasonlóságok kereskedelemben betöltött szerepével. A téma kutatásának nehézségét, de egyben érdekességét is a nyelvek és azok helyzetének komplexitása adja. Sokan az ország hivatalos nyelvét veszik alapul a számításokhoz és elemzésekhez, de ezzel elesnek az országban még azon kívül létező és mindennapi használatban lévő más nyelvek okozta információk kiaknázásától. Közös nyelv hiányában a megtanult idegen nyelvek szolgálhatnak közvetítőnyelvként a kereskedelem intenzitásának növelése érdekében, ám rávilágítunk arra, hogy igazából egyedüliként az angol nyelv képes ezt a szerepet hatékonyan betölteni. További célként az Eurobarometer felméréseinek eredményét használva vizsgáljuk a finnugor nyelvrokonság szerepét a Finnország, Észtország és Magyarország között realizálódó kereskedelemben.

Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kódok: F10; Z10
Valoración de los servicios ecosistémicos: diferentes lenguajes para la conservación en un área prioritaria
Authors: Bravo Cadena Jessica , P. Pavón Numa 
Published: March 2021

La valoración de los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) es un tema controversial al existir diferentes ópticas. En general, se han usado cuatro criterios: el valor intrínseco (por el simple hecho de existir), el valor instrumental (económico), el valor relacional (cultural) y biológico. Considerando todos ellos, es posible generar un valor integrado que conlleve a una mejor aproximación de la importancia de los servicios ecosistémicos para el bienestar humano. En este trabajo se generaron mapas que muestran la variación espacial de la valoración de los SE, considerando los cuatro criterios y una valoración integral; en el Corredor Biológico del Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña, México. Con ello se identifican áreas prioritarias de valoración. En cuanto a la valoración económica no se observaron áreas de coincidencia entre el pago de servicios ecosistémicos y el aprovechamiento forestal. En cambio, en los aspectos culturales y de valoración intrínseco, las áreas de mayor uso de leña coinciden con la presencia de asentamientos indígenas, así como, con áreas de cobertura forestal. Este método permite generar una aproximación rápida para la valoración y el desarrollo de proyectos de conservación y manejo sustentable de la biodiversidad.
Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Samsilayurni Samsilayurni 
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah masih ada diantara guru-guru di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Negeri Se-Kecamatan Lempuing Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir yang belum maksimal dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya (kinerja), apakah hal ini disebabkan oleh kepala sekolah kurang memberdayakan guru-guru dalam meningkatkan kualitas kinerja guru. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah adakah Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Negeri Se-Kecamatan Lempuing Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh Pemberdayaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Negeri Se-Kecamatan Lempuing Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir.Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 10 Sekolah di mana total guru sebanyak 118 orang. Sampel penelitian menggunakan apabila populasi kurang dari 100 maka semua dijadikan sampel dan apabila lebih dari 100 maka sampelnya bisa diambil 15-20,20-25%. Metode peneitian yang digunakan adalah metode korelasi dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif.Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji signifikan (uji t).Berdasarkan analisis peneliti, hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa variabel Pemberdayaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Guru, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai thitung> ttabel (3.176>1.70113).Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh Pemberdayaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Negeri Se-Kecamatan Lempuing Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir.Artinya, semakin baik Pemberdayaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah, maka semakin tinggi Kinerja Guru. Disarankan bagi Sekolah, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan masukan sekolah untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan khususnya. Bagi guru, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai motivasi dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan belajar mengajar untuk menumbuhkan semangat belajar siswa terutama untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.Bagi peneliti, dengan melakukan penelitian ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan tentang kepemimpinan kependidikan untuk menambah bekal sebagai calon guru.
Kata kunci: Pemberdayaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah, Kinerja Guru
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Buku Saku Matematika Berbasis Mind Mapping Pada Materi Statistika
Authors: Lisnawati Lisnawati , Amri Muhammad Khoirul , Ningsih Eka Fitria 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian diantaranya adalah untuk mengembangkan Buku Saku matematika berbasis Mind Mapping pada pokok bahasan Statistika dan untuk mengetahui respon pendidik dan peserta didik terhadap Buku Saku matematika berbasis Mind Mapping dengan pada pokok bahasan Statistika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development). Sebagai hasil penelitian, pengembangan Buku Saku Berbasis Mind Mapping melalui beberapa tahap yaitu menemukan masalah dan potensi dengan melakukan wawancara kepada guru Matematika kelas IX SMP Sains Qur’an Minhajuth Thullab Pekalongan. Respon guru pengampu Matematika kelas IX SMP Sains Qur’an Minhajuth Thullab Pekalongan terhadap media pembelajaran buku saku berbasis Mind Mapping memperoleh rata-rata persentase 89,29% dengan kategori sangat layak. Respon siswa kelas IX SMP Sains Qur’an Minhajuth Thullab Pekalongan untuk uji coba produk media pembelajaran buku saku berbasis Mind Mapping menunjukkan perolehan rata-rata persentase sebesar 95% dengan kategori sangat layak.
Key words: Buku Saku, Mind Mapping, Statistik
Participation of Paddy Rice Farmers in Environmental Friendly Pest Disease Control, Balubur Limbangan, Garut
Authors: Pramaulidia Indania , Kusnadi Dedy 
Published: March 2021

The application of pest disesase control according to the recommendation in Balubur Limbangan has only been implemented around 47.1%, so that most of the farmers participation is still low and the conditions of farmers in the field are still using chemical pesticides. Therefore the importance of environmental friendly pest control. This research was aimed at paddy rice farmers in Balubur Limbangan, especially in the Dunguswiru Villages, Surabaya and Ciwangi. Each village is represented by one group of farmers, then selected based on certain criteria. Next determination the sample using the Slovin formula combined with Rubin'sÂ and Luck theory so that the total is 50 respondents. Then to using the Simple Random Sampling technique. The results showed the participation of rice farmers was low category. Then the factors of farmer participation in internal factors are education (implementation and evaluation), while external factors are extension activities, availability of information, support from farmer groups, and availability of infrastructure (planning and implementation aspects). Meanwhile, the lowest indicator that becomes the problem priority is the cultural pest control so it is used as counseling material.
UJI AKTIFITAS EKSTRAK METANOL BINTANG LAUT (Asterias forbesi) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Aspergillus sp. DAN Candida albicans SECARA In Vitro
Authors: Juariah Siti , Ramadhani Febi 
Published: March 2021

Masalah kesehatan sering menimbulkan berbagai macam penyakit, beberapa penyakit banyak disebabkan oleh makanan yang terkontaminasi oleh jamur patogen. Beraneka ragam obat saat ini banyak mempunyai efek samping yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Pengobatan secara alami yang tidak menimbulkan dampak yang buruk bagi kesehatan manusia merupakan solusi untuk mengurangi efek samping salah satu yang berasal dari laut yaitu bintang laut (Asterias forbesi). Metode yang digunakan yaitu experimental laboratory. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui zona hambat dan konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak metanol bintang laut (Asterias forbesi) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Aspergillus sp. dan Candida albicans. Setelah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji efektifitas ekstrak metanol bintang laut (Asterias forbesi) terhadap pertumbuhan Aspergillus sp dan Candida albicans maka diperoleh bahwa ekstrak metanol Bintang Laut (Asterias forbesi) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergilus sp. dan Candida albicans. Ekstrak metanol bintang laut 100% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergilus sp. sebesar 0,88% dan Candida albicans sebesar 0,49%, ekstrak metanol 75% mampu menghasilkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 0,6% terhadap jamur Aspergilus sp dan 0,44% terhadap jamur Candida albicans. Pada konsentrasi 50% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Aspergilus sp sebesar 0,66% dan 0,42 pada jamur Candida albicans. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi terkecil yakni 25% menghasilkan kemampuan penghambatan yang lebih kecil yakni 64% dan 0,38% terhadap jamur Candida albicans.