bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why visiting one’s ageing mother is not enough: on filial duties to prevent and alleviate parental loneliness
Authors: de Vries Bouke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs people grow old, many risk becoming chronically lonely which is associated with e.g. depression, dementia, and increased mortality. Whoever else should help to protect them from this risk, various philosophers have argued that any children that they might have will often be among them. Proceeding on this assumption, this article considers what filial duties to protect ageing parents from loneliness consist of, or might consist of. I develop my answer by showing that a view that may be intuitively plausible, namely that they simply require children to visit their ageing parents regularly when they can do so at reasonable cost and call, text, and/or email them from time to time, is defective in three respects. First, it ignores children’s potential responsibilities to encourage and/or facilitate social interaction between their parents and third parties. Second, it ignores their potential responsibilities to help provide their parents with non-human companionship. Third, it elides over their duties to coordinate their efforts to offer loneliness protection with others. What I end up proposing instead, then, is an approach for protecting ageing parents from loneliness that is multi-faceted.
Molecular diagnosis of diffuse glioma using a chip-based digital PCR system to analyze IDH, TERT, and H3 mutations in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Fujioka Yutaka , Hata Nobuhiro , Akagi Yojiro , Kuga Daisuke , Hatae Ryusuke , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Michiwaki Yuhei , Amemiya Takeo , Takigawa Kosuke , Funakoshi Yusuke , Sako Aki , Iwaki Toru , Iihara Koji , Mizoguchi Masahiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Conventional genetic analyzers require surgically obtained tumor tissues to confirm the molecular diagnosis of diffuse glioma. Recent technical breakthroughs have enabled increased utilization of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) in body fluids as a reliable resource for molecular diagnosis in various cancers. Here, we tested the application of a chip-based digital PCR system for the less invasive diagnosis (i.e., liquid biopsy) of diffuse glioma using the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods
CSF samples from 34 patients with diffuse glioma were collected from the surgical field during craniotomy. Preoperative lumbar CSF collection was also performed in 11 patients. Extracted ctDNA was used to analyze diagnostic point mutations in IDH1 R132H, TERT promoter (C228T and C250T), and H3F3A (K27M) on the QuantStudio® 3D Digital PCR System. These results were compared with their corresponding tumor DNA samples.

Results
We detected either of the diagnostic mutations in tumor DNA samples from 28 of 34 patients. Among them, we achieved precise molecular diagnoses using intracranial CSF in 20 (71%). Univariate analyses revealed that the World Health Organization (WHO) grade (p = 0.0034), radiographic enhancement (p = 0.0006), and Mib1 index (p = 0.01) were significant predictors of precise CSF-based molecular diagnosis. We precisely diagnosed WHO grade III or IV diffuse gliomas using lumbar CSF obtained from 6 (87%) of 7 patients with tumors harboring any mutation.

Conclusion
We established a novel, non-invasive molecular diagnostic method using a chip-based digital PCR system targeting ctDNA derived from CSF with high sensitivity and specificity, especially for high-grade gliomas.
Land use and land cover dynamics in Leiria City: relation between peri-urbanization processes and hydro-geomorphologic disasters
Authors: Barros José Leandro , Tavares Alexandre Oliveira , Santos Pedro Pinto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to evaluate the relation between the spatial and temporal dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) and the hydro-geomorphological processes and their impacts. The study area is the city of Leiria, in central Portugal, within the period 1958–2018 based on the historical record of floods and landslides disasters. The LULC analysis shows an accentuated increase in the artificial areas and a continuous decrease in the agricultural areas. With regard to hydro-geomorphologic disaster occurrences, a total of 124 occurrences were identified, having caused a set of impacts. The obtained results allow one to characterize the artificialization process, its intensity and territorial dispersion, as a consequence of urban sprawl and peri-urbanization, along with its consequences in exposure to hydro-geomorphological processes. The analysis concludes that changing the risk drivers resulted in an increase in frequency and spatial dispersion of hydro-geomorphologic disasters over the analysed period.
A Criterion for the Effective Work of Adhesion in Loading and Unloading of Adhesive Soft Solids from Rough Surfaces
Authors: Papangelo Antonio , Ciavarella Michele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, Dalvi and co-authors have shown detailed experimental data of adhesion of soft spheres with rough substrates with roughness measured down to almost the atomic scale, finding that the Persson and Tosatti theory gave satisfactory predictions of the apparent work of adhesion during loading, once the increase of the surface area due to roughness is correctly computed at extremely small scales. We show that unloading data would show similar correlation with the Persson–Tosatti’s simple criterion, but for a much larger effective work of adhesion, which therefore becomes not an “intrinsic” property. This suggests either strong hysteresis even at apparently very low peeling velocities or the need to use a criterion that has different behavior during loading and unloading. We attempt this inspired by the results of Guduru for a simple case of axisymmetric waviness, and a much better fit of the experimental data by Dalvi and co-authors is obtained using the entire set of data at loading and unloading, even assuming a single work of adhesion value. However, we cannot rule out that both (viscoelastic) and (roughness-induced) enhancement effects coexist in these data.
Larry Alexander and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan on Omissions and Normative Ignorance: A Critical Reply
Authors: Husak Douglas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReflections on Crime and Culpability seeks to elaborate, extend, and occasionally qualify the insights reached by Larry Alexander and Kim Ferzan in their influential prior collaboration, Crime and Culpability. They deftly explore any number of new issue that all criminal theorists should be encouraged to address. In my essay, I discuss and challenge their positions on omissions as well as on moral ignorance. Their treatment of the latter issue is a clear improvement over that in their earlier book. But their views on omissions suggest to me that they should have had reservations about some of the most fundamental claims of their overarching theory.
Impulskontrollstörungen in der ICD-11
Authors: Bründl Susanne , Fuss Johannes 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Neuerung der Diagnoserichtlinien in der 11. Revision der International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) im Kapitel der Impulskontrollstörungen. Die Diagnosen Pyromanie und Kleptomanie bleiben nahezu unverändert erhalten. Die Diagnose pathologisches Glücksspiel verliert ihren Status als Impulskontrollstörung und wird Teil des neuen Kapitels der Verhaltenssüchte. Neu im Kapitel der Impulskontrollstörungen ist die Wiederaufnahme der Diagnose intermittierende explosible Störung sowie die neue, kontrovers diskutierte Diagnose zwanghafte sexuelle Verhaltensstörung. Der Artikel stellt Änderungen der Diagnosen zwischen der ICD-11 und ihrer Vorgängerversion (ICD-10) gegenüber, greift aktuelle Diskussionen rund um das Kapitel der Impulskontrollstörungen auf und beschreibt klinische sowie forensisch relevante Implikationen der modifizierten und neu eingeführten Diagnosen.
A Feasibility Study of a One-to-One Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Improving Mood in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Wrapson Wendy , Dorrestein Marlies , Wrapson Jill , Theadom Alice , Kayes Nicola M. , Snell Deborah L. , Rutherford Sandy , Roche Maree , Babbage Duncan R. , Taylor Steve , Siegert Richard J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Mindfulness is an evidence-based treatment for depression but has never been rigorously tested with stroke survivors with depression. This feasibility study examined several issues relevant to a potential trial of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) for improving mood after stroke.

Methods
In 2017–2019 in New Zealand, we recruited 20 stroke survivors with low mood to undergo a 6-week, one-on-one MBI course delivered by an occupational therapist experienced in MBIs. Pre, post, and 4-week follow-up assessments were completed.

Results
Fifteen participants completed all six sessions and a 4-week “booster” or top-up session. The 1-hour session duration was considered appropriate by participants and all enjoyed the face-to-face individualized format. Mean Beck Depression Inventory-II scores improved by more than one standard deviation and this was maintained at follow-up. However, the baseline assessment package was too long for some participants due to the cognitive component. Three participants indicated feeling emotionally challenged by some of the practices. These effects were managed by the mindfulness facilitator by adjusting the practice, so participants maintained their sense of agency, well-being, and overall benefit from the program.

Conclusions
MBI training delivered individually over six weekly sessions was acceptable to stroke survivors with 14/15 participants reporting improved mood. Three participants reported feeling emotionally challenged by some of the practices and we recommend MBIs for stroke survivors be provided by practitioners experienced in mindfulness, working with stroke, and trauma-informed therapy. It is important now to conduct rigorous randomized controlled trials to test the effectiveness and efficacy of MBIs for stroke survivors.
Estimation Under Mode Effects and Proxy Surveys, Accounting for Non-ignorable Nonresponse
Authors: Pfeffermann Danny , Preminger Arie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose a new, model-based methodology to address two major problems in survey sampling: The first problem is known as mode effects, under which responses of sampled units possibly depend on the mode of response, whether by internet, telephone, personal interview, etc. The second problem is of proxy surveys, whereby sampled units respond not only about themselves but also for other sampled. For example, in many familiar household surveys, one member of the household provides information for all other members, possibly with measurement errors. Ignoring the existence of mode effects and/or possible measurement errors in proxy surveys could result in possible bias in point estimators and subsequent inference. Our approach accounts also for nonignorable nonresponse. We illustrate the proposed methodology by use of simulation experiments and real sample data, with known true population values.
New analytical model of elastic-plastic contact for three-dimensional rough surfaces considering interaction of asperities
Authors: Wen Yuqin , Tang Jinyuan , Zhou Wei , Li Lin , Zhu Caichao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe contact calculation of three-dimensional real rough surfaces is the frontier field of tribology and surface science. In this study, we consider the interaction and elastic-plastic deformation characteristics of asperities and further, propose an analytical contact calculation method for rough surfaces considering the interaction of asperities. Based on the watershed algorithm, the rough surface is segmented and the asperities are reconstructed into ellipsoids. According to the height relationship between the asperities, the definition of the deformation reference height of the matrix between each couple of asperities is provided. Subsequently, the calculation formula of the substrate deformation is provided according to the local contact pressure considering the elastic-plastic deformation of the asperity, and the contact state under a specific load is determined using the iterative correction method. The results correspond with those of finite element numerical calculation and the study reveals the following: (1) compared with the results obtained without considering the asperity interaction, contact area, distance, and stiffness will be reduced by 6.6%, 19.6%, and 49.5%, respectively, when the influence of asperity interaction is considered; (2) the interaction of the asperities has the greatest influence on the surface contact distance and stiffness. Under the same load, the existence of asperity interaction will reduce the contact distance, area, and stiffness; (3) considering the interaction of the asperities, the higher asperity will bear more load, but it will simultaneously reduce the contact of the surrounding area and increase that of the distant area. The calculation method proposed in this study has the advantages of high calculation efficiency and accuracy, thus, providing the calculation basis and method for subsequent studies on service performance of rough surfaces, such as the calculation of contact stiffness and fatigue performance analysis of rough surfaces.
Adhesion and friction performance of DLC/rubber: The influence of plasma pretreatment
Authors: Bai Changning , Gong Zhenbin , An Lulu , Qiang Li , Zhang Junyan , Yushkov Georgy , Nikolaev Alexey , Shandrikov Maxim , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiamond-like carbon (DLC) films are deposited on rubber surfaces to protect the rubber components, and surface pretreatment of the rubber substrates prior to the film deposition can improve the adhesion between the DLC films and the rubber. Thus, the principal purpose of this work concentrates on determining the effects of argon (Ar), oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), and hydrogen (H2) plasma pretreatments on the adhesion and friction performance of the DLC films deposited on rubber (DLC/rubber). The results indicated that the Ar plasma pretreatment promoted the formation of a compact layer on the rubber surface. By contrast, massive fillers were exposed on the rubber surface after oxygen or nitrogen plasma pretreatments. Moreover, the typical micrometer-scale patches divided by random cracks were observed on the surface of DLC/rubber, except for the sample pretreated with oxygen plasma. The adhesion of DLC/rubber was found to strengthen with the removal of weak boundary layers and the generation of free radicals on the rubber surface after plasma pretreatment. The tribo-tests revealed that DLC/rubber with O2, N2, and H2 plasma pretreatments cannot achieve optimal friction performance. Significantly, DLC/rubber with Ar plasma pretreatment exhibited a low and stable friction coefficient of 0.19 and superior wear resistance, which was correlated to the high adhesion, good load-bearing of the rubber surface, and the approximate sine function of the surface profile of the DLC film.
Toxoplasma gondii and Psychopathology: Latent Infection Is Associated with Interpersonal Sensitivity, Psychoticism, and Higher Testosterone Levels in Men, but Not in Women
Authors: Borráz-León Javier I. , Rantala Markus J. , Luoto Severi , Krams Indrikis , Contreras-Garduño Jorge , Cerda-Molina Ana Lilia , Krama Tatjana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
The ability of parasites to hijack the nervous system, manipulating the host’s physiology and behavior in ways that enhance the parasite’s fitness while damaging host fitness, is a topic of ongoing research interest in evolutionary biology, but is largely overlooked in mental health research. Nevertheless, recent evidence has shown that Toxoplasma gondii infection can change host testosterone levels and influence the development of some psychiatric disorders. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a mixed sample of 213 non-clinical subjects.

Methods
Participants (nmales = 108, nfemales = 105) provided 5 ml of blood to quantify testosterone levels and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised was used to assess psychopathological symptoms.

Results
The results showed that Toxoplasma-infected men had higher testosterone levels and scored higher in Interpersonal Sensitivity and Psychoticism symptoms than non-infected men. Toxoplasma-infected women did not differ from control women.

Conclusions
Framed in an evolutionary framework, the findings suggest that the elevated testosterone levels and the expression of psychopathological symptoms can be seen as the result of the manipulation exerted by Toxoplasma gondii either to reach its definitive host or to increase its spread. Future research can benefit from integrating insights from evolutionary biology and parasite-host interactions with physiology, immunology, and mental health to develop a better understanding of mental health etiology.
The role of pedogenesis and natural fertiliser as vectors for essential metal content in agricultural topsoils, Central India
Authors: Suhr Nils , Widdowson Mike , Kamber Balz S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEssential trace metals are well known for their environmental toxicity and for being part of complex bio-chemical cycles. Their role as critical micronutrients, delivering vital health benefits, is less widely discussed and understood, holding back strategies for combatting malnutrition. Crops grown on many Indian soils suffer from deficiencies in essential metals, notably iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo). The list of deficient metals will likely grow due to increasing future crop demand. Geostatistical analysis of soils and farmyard manure (FYM), the predominant fertiliser, implies that residual oxide minerals carry high concentrations of the essential trace metals Fe, Zn, copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn) not only in soil but also in FYM (especially Fe, Cr, Cu, Co and Ni). A geochemical survey across a road traverse of 600 km, encompassing an area of c. 15,000 km2, was conducted in Central India to evaluate reported essential metal deficiency in key agricultural topsoils. Importantly, our evaluation of the element cycling in this system reveals that despite high bulk concentrations, some key metals remain bio-unavailable. In effect, the existence of refractory (weathering-resistant) oxides is likely a significant factor for deficiency symptoms in the soil–plant-fertiliser cycle. Further, mass balance calculations of the bioavailable pool of metals imply that only Fe and Mn are present in sufficient quantities to combat deficiency problems. Notwithstanding this limitation of FYM, its high organic carbon content, as well as its importance for Zn, Cu and Fe, validates its traditional use to maintain the fertility and physical condition of Indian topsoils.
Evaluating crude whey for bioethanol production using non-Saccharomyces yeast, Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Tesfaw Asmamaw , Oner Ebru Toksoy , Assefa Fassil 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEthanol production from non-food substrate is strongly recommended to avoid competition with food production. Whey, which is rich in nutrients, is one of the non-food substrate for ethanol production by Kluyveromyces spp. The purpose of this study was to optimize ethanol from different crude (non-deproteinized, non-pH adjusted, and non-diluted) whey using K. marxianus ETP87 which was isolated from traditional yoghurt. The sterilized and non-sterilized whey were employed for K. marxianus ETP87 substrate to evaluate the yeast competition potential with lactic acid and other microflora in whey. The effect of pH and temperature on ethanol productivity from whey was also investigated. Peptone, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), and urea were supplemented to whey in order to investigate the requirement of additional nutrient for ethanol optimization. The ethanol obtained from non-sterilized whey was slightly and statistically lower than sterilized whey. The whey storage at 4 °C didn’t guarantee the constant lactose presence at longer preservation time. Significantly high amount of ethanol was attained from whey without pH adjustment (3.9) even if it was lower than pH controlled (5.0) whey. The thermophilic yeast, K. marxianus ETP87, yielded high ethanol between 30 and 35 °C, and the yeast was able to produce high ethanol until 45 °C, and significantly lower ethanol was recorded at 50 °C. The ammonium sulfate and peptone enhanced ethanol productivity, whereas yeast extract and urea depressed the yeast ethanol fermentation capability. The K. marxianus ETP87, the yeast isolated from traditional yoghurt, is capable of producing ethanol from non-sterilized and non-deproteinized substrates.
Experimental and numerical study on the performance of externally prestressed reinforced high strength concrete beams with openings
Authors: El-Basiouny Ahmed M. , Askar Hamed S. , El-Zoughiby Mohamad E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates experimentally and numerically the performance of externally prestressed reinforced high strength concrete (HSC) beams with central openings. Seven externally prestressed rectangular HSC beams (six with central openings and a reference solid beam) are loaded incrementally to failure. All the beams have the same dimensions, reinforcement ratio and openings of variable size. Experimentally, the results show that, the appearance of the first flexural crack and the flexural stiffness reduction are largely governed by opening height. In contrast, the opening length greatly affects the presence of the first shear crack and the obtained values of strains in stirrups. Additionally, the opening length and height when combined can affect the strains in top- and bottom-bars and the failure load of the teste beams. Numerically, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis using ANSYS has been carried-out to analyze seventy (70) externally prestressed HSC beams with central openings. Based on the numerical results, a general formula to predict the ultimate moment is generated and verified. It can be used to predict the load carrying capacity of aging concrete elements with openings retrofitted using external prestressing techniques.
Approximate analytical solution of buckling of multi-damaged column-like structures using a continuous diffused crack model by variational iteration method
Authors: Zhao Xingzhuang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCompressive structural members can be locally damaged by overloading, corrosion, car crash and fire. In this work, a continuous diffused crack model is proposed to study the static stability of Euler–Bernoulli rectangular column-like structures under different boundary conditions. The governing differential equation is formulated by adopting a diffused crack model. The powerful variational iteration method is implemented to find the approximate analytical buckling modes and buckling loads based on the buckling response of the intact column. A novel generalized Lagrange multiplier is derived. The proposed method incorporates the effects of the crack width into consideration when deriving the buckling modes. The stability equation allows addressing the influences of multiple damages and can be applied to both concentrated and distributed cracks. The famous Rayleigh–Ritz method is utilized to verify the computed buckling loads. The proposed diffused crack model and the application with VIM is efficient and accurate for handling buckling problems of cracked columns under different boundary conditions.