bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Post‐Resuscitation Normoxic Therapy on Oxygen‐Sensitive Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Okuma Yu , Becker Lance B. , Hayashida Kei , Aoki Tomoaki , Saeki Kota , Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Shoaib Muhammad , Miyara Santiago J. , Yin Tai , Shinozaki Koichiro 
Published: March 2021

Background
Cardiac arrest (CA) can induce oxidative stress after resuscitation, which causes cellular and organ damage. We hypothesized that post‐resuscitation normoxic therapy would protect organs against oxidative stress and improve oxygen metabolism and survival. We tested the oxygen‐sensitive reactive oxygen species from mitochondria to determine the association with hyperoxia‐induced oxidative stress.

Methods and Results

Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 10‐minute asphyxia‐induced CA with a fraction of inspired O
2
of 0.3 or 1.0 (normoxia versus hyperoxia, respectively) after resuscitation. The survival rate at 48 hours was higher in the normoxia group than in the hyperoxia group (77% versus 28%,
P
<0.01), and normoxia gave a lower neurological deficit score (359±140 versus 452±85,
P
<0.05) and wet to dry weight ratio (4.6±0.4 versus 5.6±0.5,
P
<0.01). Oxidative stress was correlated with increased oxygen levels: normoxia resulted in a significant decrease in oxidative stress across multiple organs and lower oxygen consumption resulting in normalized respiratory quotient (0.81±0.05 versus 0.58±0.03,
P
<0.01). After CA, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species increased by ≈2‐fold under hyperoxia. Heme oxygenase expression was also oxygen‐sensitive, but it was paradoxically low in the lung after CA. In contrast, the HMGB‐1 (high mobility group box‐1) protein was not oxygen‐sensitive and was induced by CA.

Conclusions
Post‐resuscitation normoxic therapy attenuated the oxidative stress in multiple organs and improved post‐CA organ injury, oxygen metabolism, and survival. Additionally, post‐CA hyperoxia increased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and activated the antioxidation system.
Antiatherosclerotic Phenotype of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Surrounding the Saphenous Vein in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Mikami Takuma , Furuhashi Masato , Sakai Akiko , Numaguchi Ryosuke , Harada Ryo , Naraoka Syuichi , Kamada Takeshi , Higashiura Yukimura , Tanaka Marenao , Ohori Shunsuke , Sakurada Taku , Nakamura Masanori , Iba Yutaka , Fukada Joji , Miura Tetsuji , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi 
Published: March 2021

Background
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is associated with metabolically driven chronic inflammation called metaflammation, which contributes to vascular function and the pathogenesis of vascular disease. The saphenous vein (SV) is commonly used as an essential conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting, but the long‐term patency of SV grafts is a crucial issue. The use of the novel “no‐touch” technique of SV harvesting together with its surrounding tissue has been reported to result in good long‑term graft patency of SV grafts. Herein, we investigated whether PVAT surrounding the SV (SV‐PVAT) has distinct phenotypes compared with other PVATs of vessels.

Methods and Results
Fat pads were sampled from 48 patients (male/female, 32/16; age, 72±8 years) with coronary artery disease who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Adipocyte size in SV‐PVAT was significantly larger than the sizes in PVATs surrounding the internal thoracic artery, coronary artery, and aorta. SV‐PVAT and PVAT surrounding the internal thoracic artery had smaller extents of fibrosis, decreased gene expression levels of fibrosis‐related markers, and less metaflammation, as indicated by a significantly smaller extent of cluster of differentiation 11c–positive M1 macrophage infiltration, higher gene expression level of adiponectin, and lower gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, than did PVATs surrounding the coronary artery and aorta. Expression patterns of adipocyte developmental and pattern‐forming genes were totally different among the PVATs of the vessels.

Conclusions
The phenotype of SV‐PVAT, which may result from inherent differences in adipocytes, is closer to that of PVAT surrounding the internal thoracic artery than that of PVAT surrounding the coronary artery or that of PVAT surrounding the aorta. SV‐PVAT has less metaflammation and consecutive adipose tissue remodeling, which may contribute to high long‐term patency of grafting when the no‐touch technique of SV harvesting is used.
Resistance to viral nervous necrosis in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): heritability and relationships with body weight, cortisol concentration, and antibody titer
Authors: Faggion Sara , Bertotto Daniela , Babbucci Massimiliano , Dalla Rovere Giulia , Franch Rafaella , Bovolenta Mauro , Laureau Stanislas , Pascoli Francesco , Toffan Anna , Bargelloni Luca , Carnier Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSusceptibility of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labraxL.) to viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is well-known. Interest towards selective breeding as a tool to enhance genetic resistance in this species has increased sharply due to the major threat represented by VNN for farmed sea bass and limitations concerning specific therapeutical measures. A sea bass experimental population (N = 650) was challenged with nervous necrosis virus (NNV) to investigate genetic variation in VNN mortality. In addition, relationships of this trait with serum cortisol concentration after stress exposure, antibody titer against NNV antigens, and body weight at a fixed age were studied to identify potential indicator traits of VNN resistance.ResultsThe estimate of heritability for VNN mortality was moderate and ranged from 0.15 (HPD95%, 95% highest posterior density interval: 0.02, 0.31) to 0.23 (HPD95%: 0.06, 0.47). Heritability estimates for cortisol concentration, antibody titer, and body weight were 0.19 (HPD95%: 0.07, 0.34), 0.36 (HPD95%: 0.16, 0.59) and 0.57 (HPD95%: 0.33, 0.84), respectively. Phenotypic relationships between traits were trivial and not statistically significant, except for the estimated correlation between antibody titer and body weight (0.24). Genetic correlations of mortality with body weight or antibody titer (− 0.39) exhibited a 0.89 probability of being negative. A negligible genetic correlation between mortality and cortisol concentration was detected. Antibody titer was estimated to be positively correlated with body weight (0.49).ConclusionsAntibody titer against NNV offers the opportunity to use indirect selection to enhance resistance, while the use of cortisol concentration as an indicator trait in breeding programs for VNN resistance is questionable. The estimate of heritability for VNN mortality indicates the feasibility of selective breeding to enhance resistance to NNV and raises attention to the development of genomic prediction tools to simplify testing procedures for selection candidates.
Insomnia in adults with cystic fibrosis: strong association with anxiety/depression and impaired quality of life
Authors: Mulette Pauline , Ravoninjatovo Bruno , Guguen Camille , Barbe Coralie , Ancel Julien , Dury Sandra , Dumazet Antoine , Perdu Dominique , Perotin Jeanne-Marie , Guillard Thomas , Lebargy François , Deslee Gaëtan , Launois Claire 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
While sleep disruption is a common complaint among children with cystic fibrosis (CF), only a few studies have investigated insomnia in adults. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with insomnia in clinically stable adult CF patients.

Methods
Twenty-eight CF patients (18M/10F), with a median age of 27 (22–34) (median (interquartile range) years and a median of forced expiratory volume in one second of 72 (39–93) % predicted completed questionnaires on insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), sleep quality (PSQI), daytime sleepiness (Epworth), restless legs syndrome (IRLS), pain (NRS), anxiety/depression (HAD) and quality of life (CFQ-R 14+). Respiratory assessment data, including symptoms, sputum analysis, arterial blood gases, 6-min walking test, pulmonary function tests and polysomnographic variables, were also analyzed.

Results
Forty-three percent of patients were insomniac (ISI > 7). Compared with non-insomniac patients (ISI ≤ 7), insomniac patients had more severely impaired quality of life and a higher HAD score: median anxiety score of 9 (8–11) vs 4 (3–6) (p < 0.0001), median depression score of 7 (5–10) vs 1 (1–4) (p < 0.001), with a positive correlation between ISI and HAD anxiety/depression scores (r = 0.702/r = 0.701, respectively, p < 0.0001). Insomnia was also associated with mMRC dyspnea scale ≥ 2, restless legs syndrome, pain and lower SpO2 during sleep.

Conclusions
The strong association between insomnia, impaired quality of life and increased HAD score should prompt physicians to be particularly attentive to the management of anxiety and depression in adult CF patients with insomnia.
Trial registration: On clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02924818, date of registration: October 5, 2016).
Reliability of distally based sural flap in elderly patients: comparison between elderly and young patients in a single center
Authors: Peng Ping , Dong Zhonggen , Wei Jianwei , Liu Lihong , Luo Zhaobiao , Cao Shu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Reconstructions the soft-tissue defects of the distal lower extremities in the elderly patients (≥ 60 years old) are full of challenges because of many comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical application of the distally based sural flap in the elderly patients, and to verify the reliability of this flap in the elderly patients.

Methods
Between March of 2005 and December of 2019, 53 patients aged over 60-year-old and 55 patients aged 18 to 30-year-old who underwent the procedure have been included in this study. The reconstruction outcomes, medical-related complications, flap viability-related complications and potential risk factors are compared between the group A (≥ 60 years old) and group B (ranging from 18 to 30 years old).

Results
The partial necrosis rate in group A (9.43%) is higher than group B (9.09%), but the difference is not significant (P > 0.05). The constitute ratio of the defects that were successfully covered using the sural flap alone or combining with simple salvage method (i.e., skin grafting) is 96.22% and 98.18% in group A and B, respectively (P > 0.05). The differences of the risk flaps factors that affected the survival of distally based sural flap were not significant between group A and B (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The distally based sural flap can be effectively used to repair the soft-tissue defect of the lower extremity in the elderly patients. It is safe and reliable to harvest and transfer the flap in one stage, and the delay surgery is not necessary.
Let-7i-5p enhances cell proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC by targeting HABP4
Authors: Liu Yujie , Hu Xing , Hu Liang , Xu Changjing , Liang Xuemei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the best-characterized and most pervasive renal cancers. The present study aimed to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of let-7i-5p in ccRCC cells.

Methods
Using bioinformatics analyses, we investigated the expression of let-7i-5p in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and predicted biological functions and possible target genes of let-7i-5p in ccRCC cells. Cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were conducted to characterize the effects of let-7i-5p in ccRCC cells. To verify the interactions between let-7i-5p and HABP4, dual-luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting were conducted. Rescue experiments were used to investigate the relationship between let-7i-5p and HABP4.

Results
TCGA data analysis revealed that ccRCC tissues had significantly increased let-7i-5p expression, which was robustly associated with poor overall survival. Further verification showed that ccRCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were inhibited by let-7i-5p inhibitor but enhanced by let-7i-5p mimics. Subsequently, HABP4 was predicted to be the target gene of let-7i-5p. TCGA data showed that ccRCC tissues had decreased expression of HABP4 and that HABP4 expression was negatively correlated with let-7i-5p. Further verification showed that downregulation of HABP4 expression promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay suggested that the let-7i-5p/HABP4 axis was responsible for the development of ccRCC.

Conclusion
Our results provide evidence that let-7i-5p functions as a tumor promoter in ccRCC and facilitates cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting HABP4. These results clarify the pathogenesis of ccRCC and offer a potential target for its treatment.
Measuring the educational environment in a Sri Lankan medical school following curricular revision
Authors: Ellawala Amaya , Marasinghe Rohana B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
In 2007, the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura revised its medical curriculum from discipline-based to one that was student-centered and integrated. This study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of students regarding the educational environment and compare them to those prior to curricular revision.

Methods
The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was administered to all volunteering students enrolled in the medical degree programme at the time of the study (n = 595). Results were compared to DREEM scores obtained prior to curricular revision.

Results
The overall DREEM score and sub-scale scores were positive and showed improvement compared to previous scores. The score for Students’ Perceptions of Atmosphere showed progression from ‘there are many issues which need changing’ to the next highest category ‘a more positive attitude’. The mean scores in pre-clinical, para-clinical and clinical phases also showed an improvement. ‘The teachers are knowledgeable’ was the highest rated item overall and within each phase of learning. All sub-scales were rated highest by pre-clinical students and lowest by para-clinical students, in contrast to previous results where such patterns were not observed. Certain items, especially those related to teaching/learning, received exclusively low scores in particular student subsets.

Conclusions
Students’ perceptions towards the educational environment overall, have improved following curricular revision. However, certain negative areas warranting further evaluation were highlighted.
An engineered membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase with light-switchable activity
Authors: Tian Yuehui , Nagel Georg , Gao Shiqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial rhodopsins vary in their chemical properties, from light sensitive ion transport to different enzymatic activities. Recently, a novel family of two-component Cyclase (rhod)opsins (2c-Cyclop) from the green algaeChlamydomonas reinhardtiiandVolvox carteriwas characterized, revealing a light-inhibited guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity. More genes similar to 2c-Cyclop exist in algal genomes, but their molecular and physiological functions remained uncharacterized.ResultsChlamyopsin-5 (Cop5) fromC. reinhardtiiis related toCr2c-Cyclop1 (Cop6) and can be expressed inXenopus laevisoocytes, but shows no GC activity. Here, we exchanged parts of Cop5 with the corresponding ones ofCr2c-Cyclop1. When exchanging the opsin part ofCr2c-Cyclop1 with that of Cop5, we obtained a bi-stable guanylyl cyclase (switch-Cyclop1) whose activity can be switched by short light flashes. The GC activity of switch-Cyclop1 is increased for hours by a short 380 nm illumination and switched off (20-fold decreased) by blue or green light. switch-Cyclop1 is very light-sensitive and can half-maximally be activated by ~ 150 photons/nm2of 380 nm (~ 73 J/m2) or inhibited by ~ 40 photons/nm2of 473 nm (~ 18 J/m2).ConclusionsThis engineered guanylyl cyclase is the first light-switchable enzyme for cGMP level regulation. Light-regulated cGMP production with high light-sensitivity is a promising technique for the non-invasive investigation of the effects of cGMP signaling in many different tissues.
MXene in the lens of biomedical engineering: synthesis, applications and future outlook
Authors: Zamhuri Adibah , Lim Gim Pao , Ma Nyuk Ling , Tee Kian Sek , Soon Chin Fhong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMXene is a recently emerged multifaceted two-dimensional (2D) material that is made up of surface-modified carbide, providing its flexibility and variable composition. They consist of layers of early transition metals (M), interleaved with n layers of carbon or nitrogen (denoted as X) and terminated with surface functional groups (denoted as Tx/Tz) with a general formula of Mn+1XnTx, where n = 1–3. In general, MXenes possess an exclusive combination of properties, which include, high electrical conductivity, good mechanical stability, and excellent optical properties. MXenes also exhibit good biological properties, with high surface area for drug loading/delivery, good hydrophilicity for biocompatibility, and other electronic-related properties for computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to the attractive physicochemical and biocompatibility properties, the novel 2D materials have enticed an uprising research interest for application in biomedicine and biotechnology. Although some potential applications of MXenes in biomedicine have been explored recently, the types of MXene applied in the perspective of biomedical engineering and biomedicine are limited to a few, titanium carbide and tantalum carbide families of MXenes. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the structural organization of MXenes, different top-down and bottom-up approaches for synthesis of MXenes, whether they are fluorine-based or fluorine-free etching methods to produce biocompatible MXenes. MXenes can be further modified to enhance the biodegradability and reduce the cytotoxicity of the material for biosensing, cancer theranostics, drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. The antimicrobial activity of MXene and the mechanism of MXenes in damaging the cell membrane were also discussed. Some challenges for in vivo applications, pitfalls, and future outlooks for the deployment of MXene in biomedical devices were demystified. Overall, this review puts into perspective the current advancements and prospects of MXenes in realizing this 2D nanomaterial as a versatile biological tool.
Protocol for personal RF-EMF exposure measurement studies in 5th generation telecommunication networks
Authors: Velghe Maarten , Aerts Sam , Martens Luc , Joseph Wout , Thielens Arno 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The general population is exposed to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMFs) used by telecommunication networks. Previous studies developed methods to assess this exposure. These methods will be inadequate to accurately assess exposure in 5G technologies or other wireless technologies using adaptive antennas. This is due to the fact that 5G NR (new radio) base stations will focus actively on connected users, resulting in a high spatio-temporal variations in the RF-EMFs. This increases the measurement uncertainty in personal measurements of RF-EMF exposure. Furthermore, a user’s exposure from base stations will be dependent on the amount of data usage, adding a new component to the auto-induced exposure, which is often omitted in current studies.

Goals
The objective of this paper is to develop a general study protocol for future personal RF-EMF exposure research adapted to 5G technologies. This protocol will include the assessment of auto-induced exposure of both a user’s own devices and the networks’ base stations.

Method
This study draws from lessons learned from previous RF-EMF exposure research and current knowledge on 5G technologies, including studies simulating 5G NR base stations and measurements around 5G NR test sites.

Results
To account for auto-induced exposure, an activity-based approach is introduced. In survey studies, an RF-EMF sensor is fixed on the participants’ mobile device(s). Based on the measured power density, GPS data and movement and proximity sensors, different activities can be clustered and the exposure during each activity is evaluated. In microenvironmental measurements, a trained researcher performs measurements in predefined microenvironments with a mobile device equipped with the RF-EMF sensor. The mobile device is programmed to repeat a sequence of data transmission scenarios (different amounts of uplink and downlink data transmissions). Based on simulations, the amount of exposure induced in the body when the user device is at a certain location relative to the body, can be evaluated.

Conclusion
Our protocol addresses the main challenges to personal exposure measurement introduced by 5G NR. A systematic method to evaluate a user’s auto-induced exposure is introduced.
Integrated analysis of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA profiles reveals potential lncRNA functions during early HIV infection
Authors: Ma Lianwei , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yue , Li Hailong , An Minghui , Zhao Bin , Ding Haibo , Xu Junjie , Shang Hong , Han Xiaoxu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate gene expression in acis-regulatory fashion or as “microRNA sponges”. However, the expression and functions of lncRNAs during early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (EHI) remain unclear.Methods3 HAART-naive EHI patients and 3 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study to perform RNA sequencing and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. The expression profiles of lncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were obtained, and the potential roles of lncRNAs were analysed based on discovering lncRNAcis-regulatory target mRNAs and constructing lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on 175 lncRNA-associated differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs to investigate the potential functions of DE lncRNAs in ceRNA networks.ResultsA total of 242 lncRNAs, 1240 mRNAs and 21 mature known miRNAs were determined as differentially expressed genes in HAART-naive EHI patients compared to HCs. Among DE lncRNAs, 44 lncRNAs were predicted to overlap with 41 target mRNAs, and 107 lncRNAs might regulate their nearby DE mRNAs. Two DE lncRNAs might regulate theircis-regulatory target mRNAsBTLAandZAP70,respectively, which were associated with immune activation. In addition, the ceRNA networks comprised 160 DE lncRNAs, 21 DE miRNAs and 175 DE mRNAs. Seventeen DE lncRNAs were predicted to regulateHIF1AandTCF7L2,which are involved in the process of HIV-1 replication. Twenty DE lncRNAs might share miRNA response elements (MREs) withFOS,FOSBandJUN,which are associated with both immune activation and HIV-1 replication.ConclusionsThis study revealed that lncRNAs might play a critical role in HIV-1 replication and immune activation during EHI. These novel findings are helpful for understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV infection and provide new insights into antiviral therapy.