bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Against procreative moral rights
Authors: Earl Jake 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany contemporary ethical debates turn on claims about the nature and extent of our alleged procreative moral rights: moral rights to procreate or not to procreate as we choose. In this article, I argue that there are no procreative moral rights, in that generally we do not have a distinctive moral right to procreate or not to procreate as we choose. However, interference with our procreative choices usually violates our nonprocreative moral rights, such as our moral rights to bodily autonomy or to privacy. My argument presents hypothetical cases in which a state interferes with a person's procreative choices in order to promote aggregate social welfare, but this interference does not violate any of the person's nonprocreative moral rights. These cases not only undermine frequently made claims that widely recognized nonprocreative moral rights entail procreative moral rights, they also challenge the intuitively plausible claim that interference with our procreative choices as such violates our moral rights. What at first appear to be substantive moral rights are in fact a kind of illusion created by the frequent overlap of other rights, but lacking in substance beyond that overlap. While this argument against the existence of procreative moral rights has substantive implications for ongoing debates in reproductive ethics, I ultimately suggest that it is consistent with a progressive approach to reproductive justice.
What is known about the LGBTQ perspective in child welfare services: A scoping review
Authors: Kaasbøll Jannike , Pedersen Sindre Andre , Paulsen Veronika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSexual and gender minorities, for example, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) youth, are overrepresented in the child welfare system and an increasing number of LGBTQ people are becoming foster parents. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the existing empirical research on the practices of child welfare services towards LGBTQ individuals (i.e., youth, carers and foster parents). The review followed the methodology framework outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed and Idunn were searched to identify studies appropriate for inclusion. There were 45 studies that met the inclusion criteria; 24 concerned LGBTQ youth, 10 encompassed foster parents, while nine had the service perspective as the primary focus. The studies originated from the USA (k = 34), the UK (k = 6), Australia (k = 2) and the Netherlands (k = 1). Of the included studies, 28 were qualitative, 14 were quantitative, and three studies used mixed method approach. The findings indicate that LGBTQ youth are overrepresented in the child welfare system and that LGBTQ youth and foster parents often face stigma and discrimination. The results reveal a gap in the current knowledge about social workers' attitudes, knowledge and experiences regarding working with LGBTQ individuals.
A mixed methodology for evaluating use of evidence in conservation planning
Authors: Stevens Madison , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConservation practitioners widely recognize the importance of making decisions based on the best available evidence. However, the effectiveness of evidence use in conservation planning is rarely assessed, which limits opportunities to improve evidence‐based practice. We devised a mixed methodology for empirically evaluating use of evidence that applies social science tools to systematically appraise what kinds of evidence are used in conservation planning, to what effect, and under what limitations. We applied our approach in a case study of the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC), a leading land conservation organization. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of 65 NCC planning documents (n = 13 in‐depth) to identify patterns in evidence use, and surveyed 35 conservation planners to examine experiences of and barriers to using evidence. Although claims in plans contained a wide range of evidence types, 26% of claims were not referenced or associated with an identifiable source. Lack of evidence use was particularly apparent in claims associated with direct threats, particularly those identified as low (71% coded as insufficient or lacking evidence) or medium (45%) threats. Survey participants described relying heavily on practitioner experience and highlighted capacity limitations and disciplinary gaps in expertise among planning teams as barriers to using evidence effectively. We found that although time‐intensive, this approach yielded actionable recommendations for improving evidence use in NCC conservation plans. Similar mixed‐method assessments may streamline the process by including interviews and refining the document analysis frames to target issues or sections of concern. We suggest our method provides an accessible and robust point of departure for conservation practitioners to evaluate whether the use of conservation planning reflects in‐house standards and more broadly recognized best practices.
External validity of the Both Hands Assessment for evaluating bimanual performance in children with bilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Elvrum Ann‐Kristin G , Johansen Gøril Okkenhaug , Vik Torstein , Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena 
Published: December 2021

AimTo investigate the external validity of the Both Hands Assessment (BoHA), a new test evaluating bimanual performance in children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP), by analysing its relationship to established measurements of hand function and self‐care skills.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, we recruited children with bilateral CP and manual ability corresponding to Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels I to III attending three habilitation units in Norway. All participants completed the BoHA. Unimanual capacity was assessed using the Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF) classification, the Box and Block Test (BBT), and the Melbourne Assessment 2 (MA2). Self‐care skills were assessed with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI).ResultsThirty‐nine children (19 males, 20 females; mean age 8y 2mo, SD 2y 8mo; age range 2y 8mo–12y 6mo) were included. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ρ) suggested high correlation between the BoHA and MACS (p=0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]  0.79–0.94), BFMF classification (p=0.84; 95% CI  0.71–0.91), and BBT for the non‐dominant (p=0.85; 95% CI  0.68–0.95) and dominant hand (p=0.72; 95% CI  0.53–0.85). The Spearman’s ρ between the BoHA and the MA2 subscales varied between 0.48 and 0.83, while the PEDI’s ρ was 0.51 (95% CI  0.33–0.67).InterpretationThe BoHA provides valid measures of hand use as suggested by its high correlation with other activity‐based measures of hand function.
Concomitant variants in NF1, LZTR1 and GNAZ genes probably contribute to the aggressiveness of plexiform neurofibroma and warrant treatment with MEK inhibitor
Authors: Cohen‐Barak Eran , Toledano‐Alhadef Hagit , Danial‐Farran Nada , Livneh Ido , Mwassi Banan , Hriesh Maysa , Zagairy Fadia , Gafni‐Amsalem Chen , Bashir Husam , Khayat Morad , Warrour Nassim , Sher Osnat , Marom Daphna , Postovsky Sergey , Dujovny Tal , Ziv Michael , Shalev Stavit A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is caused by germline mutations in the NF1 gene and manifests as proliferation of various tissues, including plexiform neurofibromas. The plexiform neurofibroma phenotype varies from indolent to locally aggressive, suggesting contributions of other modifiers in addition to somatic loss of NF1. In this study, we investigated a life‐threatening plexiform neurofibroma in a 9‐month‐old female infant with NF1. Germline mutations in two RASopathy‐associated genes were identified using whole‐exome sequencing—a de novo pathogenic variant in the NF1 gene, and a known pathogenic variant in the LZTR1 gene. Somatic analysis of the plexiform neurofibroma revealed NF1 loss of heterozygosity and a variant in GNAZ, a gene encoding a G protein‐coupled receptor. Cells expressing mutant GNAZ exhibited increased ERK 1/2 activation compared to those expressing wild‐type GNAZ. Taken together, we suggest the variants in NF1, LZRT1 and GNAZ act synergistically in our patient, leading to MAPK pathway activation and contributing to the severity of the patient's plexiform neurofibromatosis. After treatment with the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, a prominent clinical improvement was observed in this patient. This case study contributes to the knowledge of germline and somatic non‐NF1 variants affecting the NF1 clinical phenotype and supports use of personalized, targeted therapy.
Analytical prediction of the fatigue limit for axisymmetric round bars with rough surface morphology
Authors: Cheng Zhengkun , Zhu Xiaochun , Zhang Yachen , Wang Tao , Berto Filippo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnalytical approaches to calculating stress distribution in machined round bars with slightly axisymmetric surface topography were derived. Surface morphologies of machined round bars were simplified as axisymmetric geometries and simulated in the form of Fourier representation. According to the point method of the theory of critical distance (TCD), an analytical expression for predicting the fatigue notch factor (FNF) of rough round specimens was proposed as well. The effectiveness of the proposed analytical expression was well verified by finite element method (FEM), with relative errors of less than 15%. Besides, the definition of the upper cut‐off frequency for estimating the fatigue limit of rough round bars was discussed comprehensively. Results showed that stress concentration factor (SCF) was sensitive to the upper cut‐off frequency and unable to be convergent, while FNF tended to be convergent and was mainly determined by low frequencies of surface topography. It explained why the height parameters of surface morphologies are the most significant characteristic parameters in determining fatigue behaviors.
A randomised crossover clinical trial of masticatory function in complete denture wearers with conventional and lingualised balanced occlusion
Authors: Pereira Rodrigo de Paula , Rocha Cibele Oliveira de Melo , Jabr Camila Luiz , Oliveira Lucas Portela , Arioli Filho João Neudenir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purposes of the present study were as follows: (1) to conduct a randomised crossover clinical trial to evaluate masticatory performance in wearers of conventional complete dentures in both arcs with conventional balanced occlusion (CBO) and lingualised balanced occlusion (LBO), using almonds as natural test food chewed for (a) 30 chewing cycles, (b) 40 chewing cycles and (c) until the subject felt ready to swallow and (2) to perform a randomised crossover clinical trial of oral health self‐perception through the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire.BackgroundDuring rehabilitation with full dentures, achieving stability and retention is essential for masticatory performance. A factor that can act is the appropriate occlusal scheme to be used, although the literature is full of discussions as to the most suitable occlusal scheme to be used, being CBO and LBO the most used in complete dentures.Materials and MethodsThe clinical trial was conducted with 30 participants (14 males and 16 females; average age 65.8 years). A base of interchangeable posterior teeth in the lower dentures was used, thereby changing the occlusal schemes without needing to make another complete denture. The masticatory tests and GOHAI application were conducted in two sessions: first with each occlusal scheme, and second only after participants did not report discomfort with dentures. The analysis of variance for the mixed repeated‐measures test (ANOVA) was used to verify the results (α = 0.05).ResultsThe results showed no difference in masticatory performance according to the occlusal scheme (P = .519). The masticatory performance increased with the number of cycles (P < .001) tested, regardless of the type of occlusion scheme, and oral health self‐perception was higher after the second masticatory evaluation session (P = .027).ConclusionThe masticatory performance was similar between the two occlusal schemes, increasing according to the number of chewing cycles. The adaptive period is relevant, regardless of the occlusion scheme, because the time factor was decisive for the improvements noted in the oral health self‐perception of the participants (according to the GOHAI results).
WHOEVER ARE HISTORIES FOR? PLURALIZATION, BORDER THINKING, AND POTENTIAL HISTORIES
Authors: JENKINS FIONA 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTHow are contemporary philosophies of history articulated in resistance to the long legacies of colonial rule and practice that continue to shape presuppositions of knowledge? By foregrounding the performative dimension of modes of historical narration, this article considers how practices of engagement with alterity can be conceptualized as constituting new spaces of encounter. The “whoever” invoked in this article's title is presented as a site of indeterminate identity, the futural antidote to an epistemic regime, and the addressee of a question that is as much about what we might become as what we have been. Exploring versions of this figure in the work of Walter Mignolo, Ariella Azoulay, and Judith Butler, the article demonstrates how these theorists all problematize the presumptive universality of the West, and the historically established status quo that underpins it, without adopting in its stead a naive or merely fragmented account of difference. Each approach to the politics of knowledge considered here suggests a way of capturing the significance of the performative and mediated space of separation and relatedness between “same” and “other” as potential sites for decolonizing history, and each seeks to activate the interference and disturbance of the “exteriorities” at once produced and repressed as aspects of the institution of a “center” or “origin.” The theorists I discuss variably describe such exteriorities via the resources of “border thinking” (Mignolo), “potential history” (Azoulay), and the “exilic” (Butler) and provide means not only to acknowledge histories of oppression but to imagine a transformative politics premised on these vital interventions.
FINANCING VENTURES
Authors: Greenwood Jeremy , Han Pengfei , Sánchez Juan M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe relationship between venture capital (VC) and growth is examined using an endogenous growth model incorporating dynamic contracts between entrepreneurs and venture capitalists. At each stage of financing, venture capitalists evaluate the viability of startups. If viable, venture capitalists provide funding for the next stage. The success of a project depends on the amount of funding. The model is confronted with stylized facts about VC: statistics by funding round concerning success rates, failure rates, investment rates, equity shares, and initial public offering values. The increased efficiency offered by VC for financing inventive startups is important for long‐run growth and welfare.
Effects of different agro‐industrial waste as substrates on proximate composition, metals, and mineral contents of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Karataş Arzu 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe use of agro‐industrial waste as substrates for mushroom cultivation is considered a promising management strategy for reducing and valorising these wastes, simultaneously reducing the cost of mushroom cultivation. In this study, oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus were cultivated on twelve substrates composed of either tea waste, lime sawdust, alder sawdust, hornbeam sawdust/shaving, wheat stalk‐straw, wheat bran or their composite to determine the proximate composition and accumulation of thirteen elements in their fruiting bodies. The proximate composition of P. ostreatus did not show a significant difference, regardless of the employed substrate. (one‐way manova; F(66, 107) = 1.329, Wilk’s λ = 0.041, P > 0.05). However, their chemical element contents show a statistically significant difference (one‐way manova; F(132, 418) = 32.163, Wilk’s λ = 0.000, P < 0.05). These results were supported by discriminant function and principal component analyses. The highest mean concentrations of six of twelve elements (i.e., Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Cd and Cr) were recorded in P. ostreatus cultivated on the lime‐sawdust substrate. Three health indices viz., estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ were applied to determine the risk to human health via the consumption of P. ostreatus, suggesting that they are safe for human consumption.
The effect of Nd3+ concentration on fabrication, microstructure, and luminescent properties of anisotropic S‐FAP ceramics
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Zhou Zhiwei , Li Weiwei , Yang Yu , Mei Bingchu , Sun Zaichun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNd3+ doped strontium fluorophosphate (S‐FAP), with chemical formula Sr5(PO4)3F, nanopowders were prepared using the co‐precipitation method. The prepared powders had no impurity phase with a grain size of about 30 nm and the doping limit of Nd3+ ions in strontium fluorophosphate is about 9 at.%. The morphology and particle size were determined by the doping concentration of Nd3+. Anisotropic Nd: S‐FAP transparent ceramics with different Nd3+ doping concentrations were fabricated successfully by the simple hot‐pressing method. The grain size of prepared S‐FAP transparent ceramics decreased first and then increased with the increase of Nd3+ concentration. The 2 at.% Nd: S‐FAP ceramic presented the highest optical transmittance at all wavelengths range. The characteristic transitions from the ground state to the excited states of Nd3+ ions were observed from the absorption spectra, and the absorption cross‐section was calculated at 3.71 × 10–20 cm2. The influence of Nd3+ ion concentration on luminescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime was studied under 796 nm excitation. The strong emission of 4F3/2→4I9/2 transition in Nd: S‐FAP was calculated by Judd–Ofelt (J‐O) theory.
Associations of plasma neurofilament light chain and progranulin with frailty in older adults
Authors: Lu Wan‐Hsuan , Giudici Kelly Virecoulon , Guyonnet Sophie , Aggarwal Geetika , Nguyen Andrew D. , Morley John E. , Vellas Bruno , de Souto Barreto Philipe ,   MAPT/DSA Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn previous studies, plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and progranulin (PGRN) levels are associated with cognitive and physical impairment in older individuals. However, evidence of their relationships with frailty is lacking. This study aims to explore the associations of plasma NfL and PGRN levels with frailty in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsWe included 507 older adults (mean [standard deviation] age, 76.7 [4.5] years) with plasma NfL and PGRN measurements from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT). The timepoint of biomarker measurements, either 12 or 24 months after study enrollment, was defined as the baseline for each participant. Frailty phenotype (robust, pre‐frail, and frail) was assessed at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months by Fried's frailty criteria. The cross‐sectional associations between plasma neurodegenerative biomarkers and frailty severity were examined using logistic regressions. We further used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the associations between plasma biomarkers and incident frailty among robust or pre‐frail participants at baseline (n = 403).ResultsAt baseline, participants with high plasma NfL levels (>93.11 pg/ml [the upper quartile]) had a higher likelihood of pre‐frailty or frailty compared to their normal NfL counterparts (odds ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence interval = 1.10–2.57); however, this association did not remain significant after controlling for covariates. Neither NfL nor PGRN levels showed prospective associations with incident frailty over 4 years.ConclusionsThis study failed to find associations of circulating NfL and PGRN levels with frailty among community‐dwelling older adults in adjusted analyses. Whether plasma neurodegenerative markers serve as potential biomarkers of frailty requires further investigation.
Osseoperception following dental implant treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Song Dandan , Shujaat Sohaib , Politis Constantinus , Orhan Kaan , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesOsseoperception is defined as the ability to perceive tactile sensation via mechanoreception in the peri‐implant environment. The objective was to systematically review the available literature on the osseoperception phenomenon following dental implant placement and to explore potential factors which might improve the perception capacity.Material and methodsA literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to June 2021. Both human and animal studies assessing sensory capacity or innervation following implant placement were included in this review. Two reviewers independently performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies. The methodological quality of the included papers was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias for human studies and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies.ResultsThe electronic search of databases yielded 1667 results. Following removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening and full‐text reading, 22 publications were eligible to be included in the review. Psychophysical evidence from 14 studies indicated a lower tactile function of implants, where active and passive threshold levels were found to be 5 and 50 times higher for implants compared to natural teeth, respectively. The neurophysiological evidence from three studies indicated cortical plasticity following dental implant placement, measured via trigeminal nerve evoked potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Histological evidence from five studies demonstrated the presence of myelinated nerve fibres in the peri‐implant tissues. Additionally, immediate implant placement and loading showed beneficial effect on peri‐implant tissue (re)innervation; however, no other biological or physiological factors could be identified influencing osseoperception.ConclusionsThe reported evidence supported the existence of so‐called osseoperception phenomenon for restoring the sensory feedback pathway following oral implant rehabilitation. Further studies are required to identify factors that might further assist physiological integration of the oral implants in the human body as such to approach natural oral function.