bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small bowel obstruction due to a congenital adhesion: a rare case report
Authors: Tepelenis Kostas , Stefanou Stefanos K , Stefanou Christos K , Tepelenis Nikolaos , Margariti Persefoni , Christopoulou Amalia , Gogos-Pappas George , Vlachos Konstantinos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe exact incidence of small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to congenital adhesions remains unclear. Herein, we report a 59-year-old male who appeared in the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain associated with vomiting. The patient reported no previous medical or surgical history. Clinical examination revealed a soft, distended abdomen and diffuse tenderness. Computed tomography indicated a close loop obstruction. A congenital band extending from mesentery to ileum and causing an internal hernia was identified via a midline incision. The band was ligated and divided. There is no difference in the clinical presentation, and the initial work-up of SBO on account of congenital adhesions was compared to other bowel obstruction causes. Surgical exploration is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital adhesions. Although laparotomy is considered the cornerstone of surgical management, laparoscopy has emerged as a feasible and safe alternative for the diagnosis and treatment of these congenital bands.
Rare appendiceal escapades in childhood: the Grande experience!
Authors: Shrestha Ashish Lal , Adhikari Govinda , Kattel Gaurav , Amatya Manim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Acute appendicitis in children is known to present in two broad forms: (1) uncomplicated and (2) complicated. Apart from this, a variety of atypical presentations can occur that may pose difficulty in diagnosis or treatment approach. We hereby present a series of such rare experiences namely appendiceal oxyuriasis, sub-hepatic appendicitis and appendiceal mucocele that were encountered and managed accordingly.
The ultraviolet luminosity function of star-forming galaxies between redshifts of 0.6 and 1.2
Authors: Page M J , Dwelly T , McHardy I , Seymour N , Mason K O , Sharma M , Kennea J A , Sasseen T P , Rawlings J I , Breeveld A A , Ferreras I , Loaring N S , Walton D J , Symeonidis M 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We use ultraviolet (UV) imaging taken with the XMM–Newton Optical Monitor telescope (XMM-OM), covering 280 arcmin2 in the UVW1 band (λeff = 2910 Å) to measure rest-frame UV 1500-Å luminosity functions of galaxies with redshifts z between 0.6 and 1.2. The XMM-OM data are supplemented by a large body of optical and infrared imaging to provide photometric redshifts. The XMM-OM data have a significantly narrower point spread function (resulting in less source confusion) and simpler K-correction than the GALEX data previously employed in this redshift range. UV-bright active galactic nuclei are excluded to ensure that the luminosity functions relate directly to the star-forming galaxy population. Binned luminosity functions and parametric Schechter-function fits are derived in two redshift intervals: 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 0.8 and 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 1.2. We find that the luminosity function evolves such that the characteristic absolute magnitude M* is brighter for 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 1.2 than for 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 0.8.
Using CFSVM model to classify stars from three-colour images
Authors: Lu Ya-Kun , Qiu Bo , Luo A-Li , Kong Xiao , Jiang Xia , Guo Xiaoyu , Wang Linqian 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The classification of stars is a long-standing topic in the field of astronomy. Traditionally, the most popular way to classify stars is to use spectra. However, spectra are scarce compared to photometric images. In this paper, we present a machine-learning method to classify stars based on photometric images. This method proposes a new data-driven model based on convolutional feature and support vector machine algorithm (CFSVM). At first, the model uses convolution neural network to extract features from photometric images which are synthesized from photometric data of SDSS and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to classify the extracted features. The model uses about 38 120 photometric images as the training set and it has good performance in classifying stars. 6823 photometric images are used to test the model and its accuracy reaches 79.7 per cent. When extending the range of error to the adjacent subtypes, the model can reach an accuracy of 91.7 per cent. And the classification results are very close to those from the spectra. Meanwhile the test proves that CFSVM is not sensitive to the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of stars.The model can give accurate classification results even if the SNR &lt; 10. The experiments show that the CFSVM is feasible to classify the spectral types of stars only with photometric images.
The X-rays wind connection in PG 2112+059
Authors: Saez C , Brandt W N , Bauer F E , Chartas G , Misawa T , Hamann F , Gallagher S C 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
We study the connection between the X-ray and ultraviolet (UV) properties of the broad absorption line (BAL) wind in the highly X-ray variable quasar PG 2112+059 by comparing Chandra-ACIS data with contemporaneous UV HST/STIS spectra in three different epochs. We observe a correlation whereby an increase in the equivalent widths (EWs) of the BALs is accompanied by a redder UV spectrum. The growth in the BAL EWs is also accompanied by a significant dimming in soft X-ray emission (${\lesssim}2 \, \text{keV}$), consistent with increased absorption. Variations in the hard X-ray emission (${\gtrsim}2\, \text{keV}$) are only accompanied by minor spectral variations of the UV-BALs and do not show significant changes in the EW of BALs. These trends suggest a wind-shield scenario where the outflow inclination with respect to the line of sight is decreasing and/or the wind mass is increasing. These changes elevate the covering fraction and/or column densities of the BALs and are likely accompanied by a nearly contemporaneous increase in the column density of the shield.
Application of smog chambers in atmospheric process studies
Authors: Chu Biwu , Chen Tianzeng , Liu Yongchun , Ma Qingxin , Mu Yujing , Wang Yonghong , Ma Jinzhu , Zhang Peng , Liu Jun , Liu Chunshan , Gui Huaqiao , Hu Renzhi , Hu Bo , Wang Xinming , Wang Yuesi , Liu Jianguo , Xie Pinhua , Chen Jianmin , Liu Qian , Jiang Jingkun , Li Junhua , He Kebin , Liu Wenqing , Jiang Guibin , Hao Jiming , He Hong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Smog chamber experimental systems, which have been widely used in laboratory simulation for studying atmospheric processes, are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The components, development history, main research topics and main achievements of smog chambers are introduced. Typical smog chambers in the world, including their volumes, wall materials, light sources and features, are summarized and compared. Key factors of smog chambers and their influences on the simulation of the atmospheric environment are discussed, including wall loss, wall emission and background pollutants. The features of next-generation smog chambers and their application prospect in future studies of the atmospheric environment are also outlined in this paper.
A Prognostic Model to Assess Long-Term Survival of Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in Southwestern China
Authors: Jiang He , Zhu Qiuying , Feng Yi , Huang Jinghua , Yuan Zongxiang , Zhou Xinjuan , Lan Guanghua , Liang Hao , Shao Yiming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Because there is no assessment tool for survival of people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural southwestern China, we aimed to formulate and validate a simple-to-use model to predict long-term overall survival at the initiation of ART.

Methods
In total, 36 268 eligible participants registered in the Guangxi autonomous region between December 2003 and December 2018 were enrolled and randomized into development and validation cohorts. Predictive variables were determined based on Cox hazard models and specialists’ advice. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were measured, respectively.

Results
The prognostic combined 14 variables: sex, age, marital status, infectious route, opportunistic infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related symptoms, body mass index, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, white blood cell, platelet, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin. Age, aspartate transaminase, and serum creatinine were assigned higher risk scores than that of CD4+ T lymphocytopenia count and having opportunistic infections or AIDS-related symptoms. At 3 time points (1, 3, and 5 years), the area under the curve ranged from 0.75 to 0.81 and the Brier scores ranged from 0.03 to 0.07. The decision curve analysis showed an acceptable clinical net benefit.

Conclusions
The prognostic model incorporating routine baseline data can provide a useful tool for early risk appraisal and treatment management in ART in rural southwestern China. Moreover, our study underscores the role of non-AIDS-defining events in long-term survival in ART.
Introduction: A Snapshot and a Story
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Contemporary politicians in places as diverse as the United States, Spain, and the Philippines have built their political careers around claims that their society is in decline and they alone can restore it. These claims often depend not on evidence but on emotion and involve the interpretation of a snapshot using an emotionally resonant story. This rhetoric has a long history, most notably in the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire, and in later European states that claim a connection to Rome.
When Renewal Fails to Arrive
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The death of Julian in Persian territory in 363 forced the empire to make a costly and humiliating peace. By the later 360s, the historians Festus and Eutropius helped the emperor Valens use the rhetoric of decline and renewal to build support for a military campaign to avenge Julian’s defeat. Similar rhetoric was used again in the late 370s and early 380s by figures surrounding the emperor Theodosius I as he began a campaign to punish Gothic invaders. When Theodosius failed to do so, he instead embraced the idea of Christian Roman progress and instituted increasingly sweeping restrictions on paganism. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the Altar of Victory controversy, a moment when the pagan senator Symmachus argues that the empire must restore public support for paganism or risk catastrophe. The Christian bishop Ambrose responded that Christianity represented progress toward a better Roman future.
The Fall of Roman Constantinople and the End of Roman Renewal
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Roman Empire that Michael Palaeologus again centered on Constantinople lost significant territory across the fourteenth century to rivals like the Serbian kingdom and the rising Ottoman sultanate. A long Ottoman blockage of the capital that began in 1394 prompted the emperor Manuel II Palaeologus to travel to the West to seek help for the faltering empire. The empire was saved by Tamerlane’s defeat of the Ottomans in 1402 and Manuel then spearheaded a restoration of Roman control over parts of Greece that contemporaries celebrated in terms that evoked past Roman greatness. But the restoration was short lived and Constantinople fell to the Ottomans and their sultan Mehmet II in 1453. As the city fell, the populace waited for divine deliverance that would again spark a Roman recovery—an idea that authors like Ducas persisted in believing even after the city fell.
Conclusion: Roman Decline and Fall in Contemporary America
Authors: Watts Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Gibbon’s story of Roman decline and fall has frequently inspired attacks on changing elements of modern society. These attacks claim one needs to defend tradition if one wants contemporary society to avoid falling like Rome. Since the late 1960s, Americans as diverse as Ronald Reagan, Phyllis Schlafly, and Ben Carson have used this comparison to attack the welfare system, feminism, and gay marriage. The idea has also been adapted by alt-right figures like Richard Spencer into a call for a restoration of Rome. The book concludes by surveying ancient, medieval, and modern figures like Seneca and Romanus the Melode who suggest how cultural, religious, and material elements of Roman life might have reinforced the power of ideas of Roman decline and renewal by encouraging people to feel a personal connection to the Roman past and the figures who shaped it.
Ding Dong! Avon Calling!
Authors: Manko Katina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Avon Lady was a woman who sold cosmetics door-to-door and earned commissions on her sales. In the 1950s, she became famous in a long-running advertising campaign that featured a two-chime doorbell, “Ding Dong!,” followed by the greeting “Avon Calling!” At that time, more than 250,000 women worked as Avon Ladies, and together they represented the largest female direct sales force in the world. Avon began as the California Perfume Company in 1886. Its founder, David McConnell, had sought to provide women with an independent business opportunity largely hoping to soften the seedy reputation of itinerant peddlers. When the company created the Avon brand of cosmetics in the 1930s, changing its name to Avon Products in 1939, it stood as a leader in the direct selling industry and the only company to hire women exclusively as its representatives. This history explores the business of those representatives and the way they were managed. In the second half of the twentieth century, Avon became the largest direct sales company in the United States, spurred by a growing white suburban market. Avon hesitated until the late 1960s to develop recruiting and sales in the African American market, but by the 1970s it was regarded as a leader in affirmative action programs to diversify its workplace and promote women in management. Still, Avon’s executive suite remained a male preserve until Andrea Jung became its first female CEO in 1999. Although Avon closed its doors in 2016, it had earned a solid reputation as a company by women, and for women.
“Ding Dong! Avon Calling!”
Authors: Manko Katina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
From the 1950s to the 1970s, Avon increased its representative force from 26,000 to more than 6 million women selling products around the world, and it became a leader in both the direct sales and cosmetics industries. Avon developed its iconic advertising campaign, “Ding Dong! Avon Calling!” which promoted both the distinctive door-to-door sales service to customers as well as a recruiting message to attract women to the business opportunity. Avon became established in new white suburban neighborhoods, then expanded into the African American market in the 1960s. In the 1960s, Avon worked to uphold affirmative action and equal opportunity laws, increasing the number of minority employees in its sales staff as well as its corporate offices and manufacturing facilities. Avon named two women to the board of directors in the 1970s, turning its attention to creating a supportive workplace for women. Public relations campaigns sought to rebrand the direct selling opportunity as a business on par with new career paths opening to women during second wave feminism.
Urban Transformation in Ancient Molise
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This book uses all the available evidence to create a site biography of Larinum from 400 bce to 100 ce, with a focus on the urban transformation that occurs there during the Roman conquest. Larinum, a pre-Roman town in the modern region of Molise, undergoes a unique transition from independence to municipal status when it receives Roman citizenship in the 80s bce shortly after the Social War. Its trajectory illuminates complex processes of cultural, social, and political change associated with the Roman conquest throughout the Italian peninsula in the first millennium bce. This work highlights the importance of local isolated variability in studies of the Roman conquest and provides a narrative that supplements larger works on this theme. Through a focus on local-level agency, it demonstrates strong local continuity in Larinum and its surrounding territory. This continuity is the key to Larinum’s transition into the Roman state, which is spearheaded by the local elites. They participate in the broader cultural choices of the Hellenistic koiné and strive to be part of a Mediterranean-wide dialog that, over time, will come to be dominated by Rome. The case is made for advancing the field of Roman conquest studies under a new paradigm of social transformation that focuses on a history of gradual change, continuity, connectivity, and local isolated variability that is contingent on highly specific issues rather than global movements.
The Inscriptions
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the epigraphic evidence from Larinum and its territory as well as examples found in the wider Mediterranean. It begins with a prosopographical discussion of the eight principal families of the town, noting the survival and prominence of local families in the late Republic and early Empire, as well as newly prominent local families under the Roman Empire. The families discussed are the Cluentii, the Didii, the Paquii, the Papii, the Vibii/Vibbii, the Raii, the Coelii, and the Gabbii. These families, along with other residents bearing family names of Oscan origin, appear to have been the chief protagonists of Larinum’s transition into the Roman state. The continuity of the elite as an institution at the site, even if power changes hands between different families, allows for Larinum’s successful incorporation after the conquest. The importance of the epigraphic record for understanding of the social and administrative history is also discussed. The inscriptions provide evidence of linguistic developments in Oscan and early Latin. The patronage inscriptions show Larinum’s desire to forge links with key individuals within the Roman state. The epigraphy also provides information about territorial administration and tribal affiliation, demographics, and intermarriage. This information reinforces the conclusions drawn from looking at Cicero’s Pro Cluentio. The strong evidence of continuity seen in the inscriptions matches the stability seen in the settlement patterns in the territory and supports the conclusion that Larinum’s transition into the Roman state at the hands of the local elites was generally a smooth one.
The Monuments and Artifacts
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter discusses the transformations that occur within the urban center of Larinum during the period of study. After a discussion of the early occupation of the site, it investigates the town’s architecture. Emphasis is on public architecture (the fortification wall, town planning, the presumed forum area, and the amphitheater), sacred architecture (the via Jovine sanctuary, the remains of a portico, and an early Imperial temple), domestic architecture (the atrium house), and a series of funerary monuments. The evidence shows that the commissioners of these works were engaged with trends that were popular throughout the Mediterranean, demonstrating their connection to the broader Hellenistic koiné. This chapter also discusses coins minted at Larinum in the third century bce and ceramics found at the site (both locally produced and imported wares). While the inscriptions show some attention to Rome, the artifacts show that the citizens’ attention was not predominantly focused on interactions with the capital. They provide evidence of Larinum’s links to sites throughout the Mediterranean. Many of the monuments and artifacts are made for a local audience and local trade networks, and serve to maintain the status of the elite families within local power networks. Items that had been identified in the past as markers of a Roman presence in the town, when considered in light of the continuity seen in the settlement patterns and the epigraphy, can now be seen to be commissioned by local people engaged in a Mediterranean-wide cultural and artistic discourse.
Introduction
Authors: Douglas Kenneth 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Abstract: Bioprinting: To Make Ourselves Anew describes how bioprinting emerged from 3D printing and details the accomplishments and challenges in bioprinting tissues of cartilage, skin, bone, muscle, neuromuscular junctions, liver, heart, lung, and kidney. It explains how scientists are attempting to provide these bioprinted tissues with a blood supply and the ability to carry nerve signals so that the tissues might be used for transplantation into persons with diseased or damaged organs. The book presents all the common terms in the bioprinting field and clarifies their meaning using plain language. The reader will learn about bioink—a bioprinting material containing living cells and supportive biomaterials. Additionally, readers will become at ease with concepts such as fugitive inks (sacrificial inks used to make channels for blood flow), extracellular matrices (the biological environment surrounding cells), decellularization (the process of isolating cells from their native environment), hydrogels (water-based substances that can substitute for the extracellular matrix), rheology (the flow properties of a bioink), bioreactors (containers to provide the environment cells need to thrive and multiply). Further vocabulary that will become familiar includes diffusion (passive movement of oxygen and nutrients from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration), stem cells (cells with the potential to develop into different bodily cell types), progenitor cells (early descendants of stem cells), gene expression (the process by which proteins develop from instructions in our DNA), and growth factors (substances—often proteins—that stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation). The book contains an extensive glossary for quick reference.
Poetic Form and Psychological Portraiture in Babbitt’s Early Texted Works
Authors: Bernstein Zachary 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In five early texted works—“The Widow’s Lament in Springtime,” Du, Two Sonnets, Vision and Prayer, and Philomel—Babbitt uses a variety of means to project both poetic form and the psychological life of the characters represented. Trichordal derivation is used to model metaphors of reference, dependency, and layers of psychological action. Divergences between voice and accompaniment can also create layers of agency and implication. In several instances, Babbitt’s desire to reflect the meaning of texts leads him to musical structures that depart from the practice and principles he develops in his instrumental work. Moreover, in all five of these pieces, poetic form—the sonic, syntactic, and visual aspects of poetry—is projected in numerous ways; this is shown to derive from Babbitt’s youthful career in musical theater. Some ways involve the coordination of serial and poetic articulation, and some involve non-serial musical dimensions.
Completeness and Temporality
Authors: Bernstein Zachary 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Babbitt’s music is constructed from a hierarchy of exhaustive lists, so one can understand completeness in his pieces to be a result of the completion of these lists. In many cases, however, the endings of his pieces are not coordinated with the completion of exhaustive lists. This challenges the significance of the concepts, drawn from cognitive psychology and Schenkerian organicism, that Babbitt uses to justify his hierarchical compositional techniques. A new model of interpreting completeness in Babbitt’s music—drawing inspiration from Jonathan D. Kramer and Jerrold Levinson—is suggested as an alternative approach. Rather than envisioning Babbitt’s music as a processual unfolding of exhaustive lists, this chapter encourages listeners to comprehend his music as made up of interconnected moments cut off by a conventional rhetorical signal indicating closure.