bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With a Mature Phenotype and L1 Morphology a Precursor B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma or Burkitt Leukemia/Lymphoma?
Authors: Li Shiyong , Lew Glen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a mature phenotype and L1 morphology is a rare condition that may pose a diagnostic and management challenge.
Objective.—To report our experience with 2 such unusual cases of pediatric B-lineage ALL.
Design.—Morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic features of the leukemic blast cells were reviewed in conjunction with clinical and other laboratory findings.
Results.—The leukemic blast cells in both cases were small to medium with scant basophilic cytoplasm and several small inconspicuous nucleoli, characteristic of L1 lymphoblasts. Immunophenotypically, they were positive for CD19, CD22, and low-density CD20, with expression of surface immunoglobulin λ light chain. They were negative for immature (CD34 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase), myeloid, and T-cell–associated markers. Conventional cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies failed to demonstrate chromosomal translocations involving the c-myc gene. Both patients were treated with Children's Cancer Group ALL protocols and had good responses.
Conclusions.—B-lineage ALL with a mature phenotype, L1 morphology, and absent chromosomal translocations involving the c-myc gene is best classified and managed as precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma instead of Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma.
Colonic Carcinoid Metastatic to the Breast
Authors: Kanthan Rani , Negreiros Fernando , Kanthan S. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Metastatic tumors of the breast are uncommon. Breast metastases from nonmammary malignant neoplasms are rare, accounting for approximately 2% of all breast tumors. We report the case of an ileal carcinoid tumor metastatic to the breast 10 years after the initial diagnosis. A 53-year-old woman presented to our clinic with a palpable breast lump. The mammogram was nonspecific. A lumpectomy was performed that, on frozen section, showed a neoplastic lesion. Permanent sections showed that the tumor was composed of sheets of small uniform cells divided into lobules by delicate vascular septa. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the lesional cells were strongly positive to the neuroendocrine marker panel of antibodies: chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, serotonin, and low-molecular-weight keratin. The lesional cells were negative to cytokeratins 7 and 20, estrogen and progesterone receptors, carcinoembryonic antigen, and c-Erb-B2 antibodies. The presence of pleomorphic neurosecretory-type granules within the cytoplasm of the tumor cells by ultrastructural analysis strongly suggested a metastatic lesion from a midgut carcinoid. A detailed review of the patient's medical records confirmed a right hemicolectomy for an ileal carcinoid with lymph node and omental metastases that had been performed elsewhere 10 years earlier. A detailed pathologic analysis of this lesion by light microscopy, along with histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analyses, aided in confirming the metastatic nature of the current breast lesion.
Precision in Gynecologic Cytologic Interpretation: A Study From the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Davey Diane D. , Birdsong George G. , Walsh Molly , Styer Patricia E. , Mody Dina R. , Colgan Terence J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—Numerous studies address the accuracy or positive predictive value of cytologic interpretations for defined histopathologic entities. The reproducibility (precision) of cytologic interpretation is less well defined.
Objective.—To establish and compare the reproducibility (precision) of cytologic interpretation in gynecologic cytopathology, as reflected in the educational program of the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology (PAP).
Methods.—The pathologists' interpretations for both validated (25 745 responses) and educational conventional (14 353 responses) slides in the PAP program for 2001 were analyzed. The frequency of exact matches between the reference and pathologists' interpretation for each of the cytologic interpretative categories was identified, and the cumulative distributions of exact match rates were derived. χ2 Tests by reference interpretations were used for cytodiagnostic categories, least and most reproducible groupings, and high-grade (HSIL) versus low-grade (LSIL) squamous intraepithelial lesions.
Results.—Pathologists' interpretations of negative, Candida, Trichomonas, herpes, and LSIL were characterized by a high degree of exact matching, while interpretations of repair, HSIL, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinomas were characterized by a lesser degree of exact matching (reproducibility). Pathologists' cytologic interpretations of HSIL were significantly less reproducible than those of LSIL.
Conclusion.—The cytologic interpretations of the most significant categories (HSIL, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma) are less precise than those of specific infection (Candida, Trichomonas, and yeast), negative, and LSIL categories. Cytologic interpretations of LSIL are made with greater precision than those of HSIL and may represent a more appropriate endpoint to measure the precision performance of gynecologic cytology laboratories.
Productivity of Veterans Health Administration Laboratories: A College of American Pathologists Laboratory Management Index Program (LMIP) Study
Authors: Valenstein Paul N. , Wang Edward , O'Donohue Tom 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context.—The Veterans Health Administration (VA) operates the largest integrated laboratory network in the United States.
Objective.—To assess whether the unique characteristics of VA laboratories impact efficiency of operations, we compared the productivity of VA and non-VA facilities.
Design.—Financial and activity data were prospectively collected from 124 VA and 131 non-VA laboratories enrolled in the College of American Pathologists Laboratory Management Index Program (LMIP) during 2002. In addition, secular trends in 5 productivity ratios were calculated for VA and non-VA laboratories enrolled in LMIP from 1997 through 2002.
Results.—Veterans Health Administration and non-VA facilities did not differ significantly in size. Inpatients accounted for a lower percentage of testing at VA facilities than non-VA facilities (21.7% vs 37.3%; P &lt; .001). Technical staff at the median VA facility were paid more than at non-VA facilities ($28.11/h vs $22.60/h, salaries plus benefits; P &lt; .001), VA laboratories employed a smaller percentage of nontechnical staff (30.0% vs 41.9%; P &lt; .001), and workers at VA laboratories worked less time per hour paid (85.5% vs 88.5%; P &lt; .001). However, labor productivity was significantly higher at VA than at non-VA facilities (30 448 test results/total full-time equivalent (FTE)/y vs 19 260 results/total FTE; P &lt; .001), resulting in lower labor expense per on-site test at VA sites than at non-VA sites ($1.79/result vs $2.08/result; P &lt; .001). Veterans Health Administration laboratories paid less per test for consumables (P = .003), depreciation, and maintenance than their non-VA counterparts (all P &lt; .001), resulting in lower overall cost per on-site test result ($2.64 vs $3.40; P &lt; .001). Cost per referred (sent-out) test did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Analysis of 6-year trends showed significant increases in both VA (P &lt; .001) and non-VA (P = .02) labor productivity (on-site tests/total FTE). Expenses at VA laboratories for labor per test, consumables per test, overall expense per test, and overall laboratory expense per discharge decreased significantly during the 6-year period (P &lt; .001), while in non-VA facilities the corresponding ratios showed no significant change.
Conclusions.—Overall productivity of VA laboratories is superior to that of non-VA facilities enrolled in LMIP. The principal advantages enjoyed by the VA are higher-than-average labor productivity (tests/FTE) and lower-than-average consumable expenses.
Clinicopathologic Differences in Malignant Melanoma Arising in Oral Squamous and Sinonasal Respiratory Mucosa of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
Authors: Prasad Manju L. , Busam Klaus J. , Patel Snehal G. , Hoshaw-Woodard Stacy , Shah Jatin P. , Huvos Andrew G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective.—Primary mucosal melanomas are rare tumors. We compare melanomas arising in 2 histologically different mucosa, the stratified oral squamous mucosa and pseudostratified sinonasal respiratory mucosa, to investigate the clinicopathologic influence of native mucosal histology on the tumor.
Methods.—Clinicopathologic features of 36 melanomas arising in the squamous mucosa of the oral cavity were compared with 59 melanomas arising in the sinonasal respiratory mucosa.
Results.—The median age of patients was 61 and 63 years for oral and sinonasal melanomas, respectively, with the squamous and respiratory mucosa covering the maxilla being most frequently involved (68.7% and 66%, respectively). The former had a remarkable male predilection (28 men, 8 women), while the latter affected both sexes equally (29 men, 30 women). The oral melanomas were more likely to be detected in the early in situ or microinvasive stage (4 cases vs none, P = .008) and were more frequently amelanotic (14 vs 12, P = .049) than sinonasal melanomas. The sinonasal melanomas were frequently thicker (median thickness, 9 vs 2.6 mm), polypoid (29 vs none), ulcerated (57 vs 20), and necrotic (57 vs 14) than oral melanoma (P &lt; .001). Pseudopapillary architecture was more frequent in sinonasal melanomas (16 tumors vs none, P &lt; .001), and desmoplastic melanomas were more frequent in the oral mucosa (6 vs 1, P = .005). Sinonasal melanoma showed vascular and deep tissue invasion more frequently than oral melanoma; however, no significant difference in disease-specific survival was noted (median survival, 2.8 years vs 3.0 years; 5-year survival, 37% vs 35%, respectively).
Conclusion.—Sinonasal melanomas demonstrated aggressive morphologic features significantly more frequently than oral melanomas; however, prognosis remained similar in both groups.
Hepatic Adenomatosis in Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia: Report of a Case With Unusual Histology
Authors: Volmar Keith E. , Burchette James L. , Creager Andrew J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hepatic adenomatosis is a well-known complication of glycogen storage disease type Ia (von Gierke disease). Although most of these tumors have an appearance similar to sporadic hepatocellular adenomas, unusual histologic features have been reported, including Mallory hyaline, varying degrees of fibrosis, and aggregates of neutrophils. We report the fourth case of Mallory hyaline in the adenomas of glycogen storage disease type Ia in a 28-year-old woman undergoing segmental hepatectomy for enlarging liver nodules. Other prominent findings included steatohepatitis and nonspecific granulomatous inflammation—2 findings that are commonly seen in sporadic adenomas but not, to our knowledge, previously reported in glycogen storage disease type Ia.
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Gallbladder With a Rhabdoid Tumor Component
Authors: Kim Mi-Jung , Yu Eunsil , Ro Jae Y. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report the case of a sarcomatoid carcinoma with a rhabdoid tumor component originating in the gallbladder, along with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of right upper quadrant pain. Ultrasonography and a computed tomographic scan indicated gallbladder cancer. She underwent a cholecystectomy and a common bile duct resection. A firm mass (4.5 cm in greatest dimension) was present in the neck portion of the gallbladder. The mass was firm, solid, yellowish gray, and granular with areas of necrosis. Microscopically, the tumor was a biphasic sarcomatoid carcinoma and consisted of diffusely arranged pleomorphic cells, focally showing rhabdoid features and neoplastic glands with focal mucin production. Heterologous components such as osteoid, chondroid, and rhabdomyoblastic elements were not identified. By immunohistochemical staining, we demonstrated that the rhabdoid cells coexpressed cytokeratin and vimentin. On electron microscopic examination, the rhabdoid tumor cells showed cytoplasmic whorls of intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei. Two months postoperatively, the follow-up computed tomographic scan showed multiple intrahepatic metastases and omental seedings.
Xanthelasma or Xanthoma of the Fallopian Tube
Authors: Chetty Runjan , Reddy Isaivani , Batitang Sixto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe report a case of a 24-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, a tense abdomen, and rebound tenderness. A vague, ill-defined mass was palpated, and an ultrasound examination revealed a cystic lesion in the left adnexal region. At laparotomy, a slightly dilated fallopian tube was seen and excised. Light microscopy showed intact fallopian tube mucosa, with a diffuse infiltrate of foam cells in the lamina propria. There were no associated inflammatory cells. The foam cells were positive for CD68 and negative for AE1/AE3. Discontinuous areas of the epithelium also showed epithelial cells with “foamy cytoplasm.” These cells were negative for CD68 but positive for AE1/AE3. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of a fallopian tube xanthelasma that shows a resemblance to lesions encountered in the stomach. Fallopian tube xanthelasma must be distinguished from xanthogranulomatous salpingitis, which is associated with an inflammatory cell infiltrate, often including giant cells. However, this lesion may share pathogenetic similarities with xanthogranulomatous salpingitis, since both processes are mediated by inflammation.
RECUPERACIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO INDUSTRIAL. ARQUITECTURA DEL HIERRO EN VALENCIA: EL SIGLO VALENCIANO
Authors: Seguí Balaguer Montiel 
Published: February 2021

El artículo realiza un estudio sobre la historia y trayectoria de los antiguos almacenes El siglo valenciano, describiendo los momentos más significativos de su construcción como resultado del proceso adaptativo –con los arquitectos: Miguel Asensi, Joaquín María Arnau, Luís Ferreres, Javier Goerlich, y Vicente Momfort-, debido a las demandas de la sociedad de la época y de una nueva mentalidad empresarial. Finalmente, muestra las adecuaciones de salvaguarda, rehabilitación y adaptación para un nuevo uso, hoy Octubre Centre de Cultura Contemporània, que le han permitido llegar hasta nuestros días.
Effect of Health Care Providers’ Focused Discussion and Proactive Education About Relapse Management on Patient Reporting of Multiple Sclerosis Relapse
Authors: Waltrip Royce W. , Mahler Nancy , Ahsan Alina , Herbert Leslie B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
Treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse include intravenous corticosteroids and repository corticotropin injection. Despite available treatment, in the Multiple Sclerosis in America 2017 survey, only 47% of patients reported always/often contacting their MS health care provider (HCP) during relapse. In this study, the Multiple Sclerosis in America 2017 survey participants who received intravenous corticosteroids or repository corticotropin injection for treatment of past relapses completed a follow-up survey to understand how patients characterize relapse severity and to explore predictors of patients contacting their HCP during a relapse.

Methods:
Patients were 18 years and older, diagnosed as having MS by an HCP, and currently using disease-modifying therapy. Patients completed an online survey assessing relapse characteristics and interactions with the HCP treating the patient’s MS. Regression analysis identified predictors of patients contacting their HCP during relapse.

Results:
Mean age of the 126 respondents was 49.2 years, 81.0% were female, and most (80.2%) had one or more relapses in the past 2 years. Patients estimated that 38.3% of their relapses were mild; 45.1%, moderate; and 16.6%, severe. Number and frequency of symptoms increased with relapse severity. Less than half (46.0%) reported they were extremely likely to contact their HCP during a relapse. The best predictors of being likely to contact the HCP during relapse were the HCP having previously discussed the importance of immediately communicating a relapse and patients’ willingness to accept the HCP’s recommendation for relapse treatment.

Conclusions:
Findings highlight the importance of HCPs’ advance discussions with patients with MS regarding relapse management to increase the likelihood patients will contact their HCP during relapse.
Evaluating Measure of Modified Rotatability for Second Degree Polynomial Design Using Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
Authors: Jyostna P. , Babu B. Re. Victor 
Published: February 2021

Box and Hunter (1957) introduced the concept of rotatability. It is an important design criterion for response surface methodology (RSM). In this paper, evaluating measure of modified rotatability for second degree polynomial design using balanced incomplete block designs (3 ≤ V ≤ 11 : v-number of factors) which enables us to assess the degree of modified rotatability for a given response surface designs at different values of rotatability is recommended.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Ventricular Function in Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Duru C. O. , Chinawa J. M. , Chukwu B. F. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection could present with varying degrees of cardiac abnormalities, however the effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has not been extensively studied in them.
Objectives: To compare the ventricular functions of HIV positive children on HAART with that of HIV negative children using echocardiography.
Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional descriptive study involving 54 HIV positive children on HAART and 50 HIV negative controls. Using transthoracic echocardiography, trans annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Left ventricular fractionating shortening (LVFS), Left ventricular (LV) mitral inflow velocities, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were used to assess right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function.
Results: The mean TAPSE for subjects and controls were 26.78±5.92mm and 25.82±3.59mm respectively (t = 1.0, p = 0.32). The prevalence of right ventricular systolic dysfunction using TAPSE was significantly higher among the subjects; 29.63% compared with 8.0% in controls (χ2 = 7.82, p=0.005). There was no significant correlation between TAPSE and CD4 counts (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.15, p = 0.31). The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in subjects was 141.6±45.5g/M2. Forty-one (75.9%) of the subjects had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVMI > 103G/M2) compared with 26.0% (13/50) of the controls and the difference in proportion was significant (Chi-square = 30.49, p<0.001). Left ventricular systolic function was similar in subjects and controls. The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was significantly higher in subjects (15.5%) than in controls (4.0%); {χ2 = 37.89, p<00.1)
Conclusion: This study shows that children with HIV on HAART regimen have a very high prevalence of ventricular dysfunction compared with normal controls.
A Novel Evidence of Immunological and Molecular Detection of Brucella Species in Camels
Authors: Manivannan Kavitha , Ramasamy Malathi , Ahmed Hanaa 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Brucellosis is a zoonosis with severe complications for both humans and animals. In this work, we intended to examine the Brucella infection in dromedary camels in Qatar by using different analysis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 203 samples of dromedary camels were randomly collected from the nearby farms in Qatar. Real-time PCR for the genus specific Brucella cell surface salt extractable bcsp31 kDa protein gene were performed on DNA extracted from camel samples. Rose Bengal and rivenol tests were performed to detect the Brucella species. The milk samples were collected from the camels and utilized for the milk ring test.
Results: The outcomes of RT-PCR analysis illustrate the presence of Brucella spp. in 170 samples (83.74%) out of 203 samples. The findings of immunological assays also proved the presence of Brucella spp. such as Rose Bengal (67.14%), ELISA (71.42%), and precipitation assay (65.71) in both serum and blood samples of the dromedary camels, which were collected from the Qatar.
Conclusions: In conclusion, it was clear that the incidence of the brucellosis in camels is significantly rising in Qatar region and there is a need to control the spread of the disease from camels to camels as well as from camels to humans.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Risk Factors in the Adamaoua and Far North Regions of Cameroon
Authors: Mohamadou Mansour , Essama Sarah Riwom , Akwah Lilian , Bamia Aline , Adamou Elie Velhima , Ngonde Marie Chantal , Mbakop Calixte , Bello Damdam Fadimatou , Ndoumwe Jacob , Yafowo Paul Djidere , Njapndounke Rosine , Kamga Hortense Gonsu 
Published: February 2021

Background: Infections due to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) have been recognized as an important public health problem worldwide. Resistant S. aureus strains emerged and its prevalence has been on the rise. Many risk factors were identified as comorbidities and impact seriously the health state of infected individual by resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We focus our study on two of these risk factors (HIV-infection and diabetes) which may constitute high potential health conditions for emergence of resistant S. aureus strains.
Methods: A Cross sectional study was conducted during 19 months in five laboratories in the northern Cameroon. Collection of clinical samples from nine different types of specimens and first identifications were conducted in the various sites of study. Selected strains were transported in Yaoundé using standard procedure. Identification and drug susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Questionnaires were submitted to all the participants after an approved written and oral consent. HIV and Glycemia test were carried out on each patient in case their status was not known. During the study, 380 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were identified. Antimicrobial test was achieved using 16 different antibiotics.
Results: Result showed that 202/380 (53.2 %) of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to at least three antibiotics (multiresistant) from three different families. Multiresistant strains displayed high resistance to cotrimoxal (76.7 %) followed by penicillin (66.8 %), tetracyclin (57.4 %) and oxacillin (51.5%). While high rate of sensitivity were obtained for rifampicin (78.7 %), fusidic acid (65.8 %), lincomycin (60.5 %) and minocyclin (58.9 %). Few participants 8.9 % were tested HIV positive and 7.9% were living with diabetes. Strains isolated from participants living with these diseases presented higher rate of resistance to antibiotics.
Conclusion: The rate of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus are constantly in progress in northern Cameroon, most of the strains originated from community. These strains exhibited high resistance level to cotrimoxazol while displaying high sensitivity to rifampicine. People living with chronic diseases presented high resistance to antibiotic recommended for S. aureus infection treatment.