bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actividades acuáticas en educación, la actividad deportiva extraescolar y el nivel de actividad física deportiva
Authors: Manzano Sánchez David , Vivó López Guillermo , Valero-Valenzuela Alfonso 
Published: February 2021

Antecedentes: La demanda de actividades deportivas acuáticas en los centros escolares y deportivos ha aumentado en los últimos años, en parte gracias a los beneficios que supone sobre la salud y el desarrollo motriz del estudiante.
Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre las actividades acuáticas en clases de educación física, la actividad deportiva extraescolar y el nivel de actividad física deportiva en estudiantes de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria.
Método: La muestra del estudio fue de 368 participantes pertenecientes a cuatro centros educativos de la Región de Murcia (España), dos de los cuales contaban con instalaciones acuáticas, mientras que los otros dos centros no disponían de este tipo de instalaciones. Se utilizó una batería de preguntas para conocer el tipo de actividad física deportiva extraescolar y el número de horas semanales dedicadas a dichas actividades.
Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que existían diferencias a nivel de actividades acuáticas extraescolares entre los centros con práctica acuática escolar y aquellos otros que no cuentan con dicha oferta académica y un tamaño del efecto moderado a favor de los estudiantes con instalaciones acuáticas respecto al nivel de actividad física deportiva y la realización de actividades extraescolares.
Conclusiones: Los estudiantes que practican actividades acuáticas en clases de educación física realizan más actividad física deportiva acuática extraescolar y tienden a ser más activos.
Palabras clave: Actividad física deportiva, ejercicio, salud, niños, estilo de vida.
Diffusion-Based Modeling of Gas Transport in Organic-Rich Ultratight Reservoirs
Authors: Liu Zizhong , Emami-Meybodi Hamid 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe complex pore structure and storage mechanism of organic-rich ultratight reservoirs make the hydrocarbon transport within these reservoirs complicated and significantly different from conventional oil and gas reservoirs. A substantial fraction of pore volume in the ultratight matrix consists of nanopores in which the notion of viscous flow may become irrelevant. Instead, multiple transport and storage mechanisms should be considered to model fluid transport within the shale matrix, including molecular diffusion, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, and sorption. This paper presents a diffusion-based semianalytical model for a single-component gas transport within an infinite-acting organic-rich ultratight matrix. The model treats free and sorbed gas as two phases coexisting in nanopores. The overall mass conservation equation for both phases is transformed into one governing equation solely on the basis of the concentration (density) of the free phase. As a result, the partial differential equation (PDE) governing the overall mass transport carries two newly defined nonlinear terms; namely, effective diffusion coefficient, De, and capacity factor, Φ. The De term accounts for the molecular, Knudsen, and surface diffusion coefficients, and the Φ term considers the mass exchange between free and sorbed phases under sorption equilibrium condition. Furthermore, the ratio of De/Φ is recognized as an apparent diffusion coefficient Da, which is a function of free phase concentration. The nonlinear PDE is solved by applying a piecewise-constant-coefficient technique that divides the domain under consideration into an arbitrary number of subdomains. Each subdomain is assigned with a constant Da. The diffusion-based model is validated against numerical simulation. The model is then used to investigate the impact of surface and Knudsen diffusion coefficients, porosity, and adsorption capacity on gas transport within the ultratight formation. Further, the model is used to study gas transport and production from the Barnett, Marcellus, and New Albany shales. The results show that surface diffusion significantly contributes to gas production in shales with large values of surface diffusion coefficient and adsorption capacity and small values of Knudsen diffusion coefficient and total porosity. Thus, neglecting surface diffusion in organic-rich shales may result in the underestimation of gas production.
Comparison of capillary and venous blood for malaria detection using two PCR based assays in febrile patients in Sierra Leone.
Authors: Leski Tomasz , Taitt Chris Rowe , Bangura Umaru , Lahai Joseph , Lamin Joseph M. , Baio Victoria , Koroma Mohamed S , Swaray Abdulai G. , Jacobsen Kathryn H. , Jackson Olivia , Jones Brian W , Phillips Cynthia L. , Ansumana Rashid , Stenger David A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background. Rapid and sensitive diagnostics are critical tools for clinical case management and public health control efforts. Both capillary and venous blood are currently used for malaria detection and while diagnostic technologies may not be equally sensitive with both materials, the published data on this subject are scarce and not conclusive.Methods. Paired clinical samples of venous and capillary blood from 141 febrile individuals in Bo, Sierra Leone, were obtained between January and May 2019 and tested for the presence of Plasmodium parasites using two multiplexed PCR assays: the FilmArray-based Global Fever Panel (GFP) and the TaqMan-based Malaria Multiplex Sample Ready (MMSR) assay.Results. We observed no significant differences in Plasmodium parasite detection between capillary and venous blood for both assays. The GFP assay was more sensitive than MMSR for all markers that could be compared (Plasmodium spp. and P. falciparum) in both venous and capillary blood.Conclusions. No difference was found in malaria detection between venous and capillary blood using two different PCR-based detection assays. This data gives support for use of capillary blood, a material which can be obtained easier by less invasive methods, for PCR-based malaria diagnostics, independent of the platform.
Five Regions, Five Retinopathy Screening Programmes: A Systematic Review of how Portugal addresses the challenge.
Authors: Pereira Andreia Marisa Penso , Laureano Raul Manuel da Silva , Neto Fernando Buarque de Lima 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The implementation of a population-based screening programme for diabetic retinopathy involves several challenges, often leading to postponements and setbacks at high human and material costs. Thus, it is of the utmost importance to promote the sharing of experiences, successes and difficulties. However, factors such as the existence of regional programmes, specificities of each country's health systems, organizational and even linguistic barriers, make it difficult to create a solid framework that can be used as a basis for future projects.Methods: Web of Science and PubMed platforms were searched using appropriate key words. The review process resulted in 423 articles adherent to the search criteria, 28 of which were accepted and analysed. Web sites of all Portuguese governmental and non-governmental organizations, with a relevant role on the research topic, were inspected and 75 official documents were retrieved and analysed.Results: Since 2001, five regional screening programmes were gradually implemented under the guidelines of Portuguese General Health Department. However, complete population coverage was still not achieved. Among the main difficulties reported are the complex articulation between different levels of care providers, the low number of orthoptic technician in the national health system, the high burden that images grading and treatment of positive cases represents for hospitals ophthalmology services, and low adherence rates. Yet, the comparison between strategies adopted in the different regions allowed the identification of potential solutions: hire orthoptic technician for primary health care units, eliminating the dependence of hospital professionals; use artificial intelligence algorithms for automatic retinographies grading, avoiding ophthalmologists overload; adoption of proximity strategies, as the use of portable retinographers, to promote adherence to screening.Conclusion: Access to diabetic retinopathy screening remains remarkably variable in Portugal and needs urgent attention. However, several characteristics of effective screening programmes were found in Portuguese screening programmes, what seems to point toward promising outcomes, especially if each other highlights are considered. The findings of this research could be very useful for the other countries with similar socio-political characteristics.Registration: PROSPERO registration ID CRD42020200115
Eight-gene risk score predicts progression and prognosis in bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Ruiliang , Zheng Zongtai , Mao Shiyu , Zhang Wentao , Liu Ji , Li Cheng , Liu Shenghua , Yao Xudong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The progression from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) increases the risk of death. It is therefore important to find new relevant molecular models that will allow for effective prediction of the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer (BC).Methods: Using RNA-Sequence data of 49 BC patients in our center and weighted gene co-expression network analysis methods, a co-expression network of genes was developed and three key modules associated with malignant progression were selected. Based on the genes in three key modules, an eight-gene risk score was established using univariate Cox regression and the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox model in The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and validated in validation sets. Subsequently, a nomogram based on the risk score was constructed for prognostic prediction. The mRNA and protein expression levels of eight genes in cell lines and tissues were further investigated.Results: A novel eight-gene risk score was closely related to the malignant clinical features of BC and could predict the prognosis of patients in the training dataset (TCGA) and three validation sets (GSE3289 , GSE13507 and IMvigor210 trial). The nomogram showed good prognostic prediction and calibration. The mRNA and protein expression level of the eight genes were differentially expressed in cell lines and tissues.Conclusions: In our study, we established a novel eight-gene risk score which could predict the progression and prognoses of BC patients.
Distinguishing electron paramagnetic resonance signature of molecular hydrino
Authors: Hagen Wilfred , Mills Randell 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quantum mechanics postulates that the hydrogen atom has a stable ground state from which it can be promoted to excited states by capture of electromagnetic radiation, with the energy of all possible states given by En = -13.598/n2 eV, in which n ≥ 1 is a positive integer. By contrast, it has been proposed that the n = 1 state is not the true ground state, and that so-called ‘hydrino’ states of lower energy can exist, which are characterized by fractional quantum numbers n = 1/p, in which 1 < p ≤ 137 is a limited integer1,2. Electron transition to a hydrino state, H(1/p) is non-radiative and requires a quantized amount of energy, 2mE1 (m is an integer), to be transferred to a catalyst3,4. Since its inception5 the hydrino hypothesis has remained highly controversial6-17 and laboratory verification studies by its proponents have been criticised18,19. Remarkably, no experimental testing by independent researchers has been described in the literature over the past 31 years. Here, we give an account of an independent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of molecular hydrino H2(1/4) that was produced by a plasma reaction of atomic hydrogen with non-hydrogen bonded water as the catalyst. A sharp, complex, multi-line EPR spectrum is found, whose detailed properties prove to be semi-quantitatively consistent with predictions20 from hydrino theory with an average error less than 0.09 G (0.2%) over a 39 G span of 37 lines. We have sought but failed to find reasonable alternative, ‘conventional’ interpretations for the detected paramagnetism. Fundamental relevance of the hydrino hypothesis lies in its challenging some of the foundations of the theory of quantum mechanics1. Very high net energy release during hydrino formation signifies technological relevance as a novel method of green energy production with recent validation at the 100 kW continuous power level by measurement of steam production20-27.
Overexpression of thermophilic a -amylase in Bacillus licheniformis using a high efficiency chromosomal integration and amplification strategy
Authors: Shen Peili , Niu Dandan , Liu Xuelian , Tian Kangming , Kugenthiren Permaul , Singh Suren , Wang Zhengxiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The production of industrially important enzymes depends on the development of genetically stable and high-yielding microorganisms. In order to simplify the development of strains able to efficiently overproduce enzymes, a new strategy based on chromosomal integration and amplification in Bacillus sp. was developed.Results: A thermosensitive replicable plasmid pUB-MazF and an integrated expression plasmid pUB'-Ex1 were constructed. pUB-MazF with a thermo-sensitive replicase RepF encoded by gene repF can self-replicate in Bacillus sp. if the cultivation temperature is no more than 35 oC and if the MazF encoded by mazF is not expressed. mazF is controlled by an isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducing promoter and MazF is toxic to the cell. When IPTG is present and the MazF encoded by mazF in pUB-MazF is expressed, the host cell should lose the plasmid to survive. At a cultivation temperature over 37 oC, pUB-MazF will not well replicate and is not stable. pUB'-Ex1 has a disrupted repF and cannot self-replicate but can replicate when pUB-MazF is present. By using this approach, pUB'-Ex1 and constructs can replicate and will be forced to integrate into the host chromosome at 37oC or over when a selectable marker is present. The host was cured by MazF expression after induction with IPTG. Bacillus licheniformis BL-UBM integrated with pUB-MazF was transformed with pUB'-amyS derived from pUB'-Ex1 by in-frame cloning of amyS encoding a thermophilic α-amylase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 31195. B. licheniformis BL-UBM transformed with pUB'-amyS was cultivated at 42oC with 1 mmol/l IPTG and 500 μg/ml kanamycin and the recombinants expressing high α-amylase activities were selected. All recombinants evaluated were genetically stable. The highest yield of α-amylase of 50 753 U/ml was produced by recombinant BLiS-002 carrying five copies of amyS in a 50-l fermenter. Conclusion: The strategy developed in this study has potential application for convenient and rapid development of strains overexpressing industrially important enzymes.
The Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer Cell mesenchymal-epithelial Transition Induced by Hepatocyte Exosome-derived miR-203a-3p
Authors: Xu Heyang , Lan Qiusheng , Huang Yongliang , Zhang Yang , Zeng Yujie , Su Pengwei , Chu Ziqiang , Lai Wei , Chu Zhonghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Liver metastasis is the most common cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 induces CRC metastasis by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which promotes CRC cell liver metastasis. Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), the opposite of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, has been proposed as a mechanism for the establishment of metastatic neoplasms. However, the molecular mechanism of MET remains unclear. Methods: Using Immunohistochemistry, western blotting，invasion assays, real-time quantitative PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, human miRNA arrays, and xenograft mouse model, we determined the role of hepatocyte exosome-derived miR-203a-3p in CRC MET.Results: In our study, we found that miR-203a-3p derived from hepatocyte exosomes increased colorectal cancer cells E-cadherin expression, inhibited Src expression, and reduced activity. In this way miR-203a-3p induced the decreased invasion rate of CRC cells.Coclusion: MiR-203a-3p derived from hepatocyte exosomes plays an important role of CRC cells to colonize in liver.
Suppression of JNK Pathway as a Novel Regulator of Chemo-Resistance in AML: A Meta-Analysis of Gene Signatures and Key Pathways
Authors: Modarres Parastoo , Farsani Farzaneh Mohammadi , Nekouie AmirAbas , Vallian Sadeq 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The pathways and robust deregulated gene signatures involved in AML chemo-resistance are not fully understood. Multiple subgroups of AMLs which are under treatment of various regimens seem to have similar regulatory gene(s) or pathway(s) related to their chemo-resistance phenotype. In this study using gene set enrichment approach, deregulated genes and pathways associated with relapse after chemotherapy were investigated in AML samples. Five AML libraries compiled from GEO and ArrayExpress repositories were used to identify significantly differentially expressed genes between chemo-resistance and chemo-sensitive groups. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed to assess molecular mechanisms related to AML chemotherapeutic resistance. A total of 34 genes were selected to be differentially expressed in chemo-resistance compared to chemo-sensitive group. Among these genes, c-Jun, AKT3, ARAP3, GABBR1, PELI2 and SORT1 are involved in neurotrophin, estrogen, cAMP and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. All these pathways are located upstream and regulate JNK signaling pathway which functions as a key regulator of cellular apoptosis. Our expression data are in favor of suppression of JNK pathway, which could induce pro-apoptotic gene expression as well as down regulation of survival factors, suggesting this pathway as a novel key regulator of drug-resistance development in AML.
Evaluation of Inhibitory Activity, Purification and X-Ray Crystallography of Alpha—Amylase Inhibitor from Phaseolus Vulgaris Cultivars of Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Dobriyal Anoop Kumar , Singh Rattan Deep , Rios-Escalante Patricio De los 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present work is based on analysis of inhibitory activity of alpha-amylase inhibitor in selected cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris of Uttarakhand. Fifteen samples were assessed for inhibitory activity of alpha-amylase inhibitor. Significant variations were found in different cultivars. Crude extract of alpha-amylase inhibitor from sample PUR (Purola) have shown maximum inhibitory activity (70.2 ± 0.84). Crude extract of all the cultivars have shown considerable variations in inhibitory activity in the temperature ranging from 20ºC to 100ºC. Based on inhibitory activity and heat stability profile, the alpha amylase inhibitor was purified from PUR cultivar. The purified inhibitor was found to be stable even at 90ºC with an inhibitory activity of 97.20 ±0.09. The molecular weight of purified inhibitor on Native PAGE (Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) was found to be 31kd, consisting of two subunits of 17kd and 14kd on SDS-PAGE.
High Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Serious Renal Insufficiency in Patients With Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Tang Dijiao , Tang Qi , Jia Xiaojiong , Zhang Long , Wang Hongxu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Recently, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker used to monitor inflammation and immune response, has been shown to be a prognostic marker in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Objective

To investigate the association between pretreatment NLR and renal impairment in patients with lupus nephritis(LN).
Methods

This retrospective study included 88 LN patients, 51 SLE patients without renal involvement, 79 patients with primary chronic nephritis (CN) and 52 healthy controls (HC). The differentiation was analyzed among these four groups via Whitney U test, and correlations among variables were evaluated in LN patients. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of NLR in patients with LN.
Results

Pretreatment NLR of LN patients was significantly higher than that of the other three groups. The NLR was positively associated with complement 3(C3), C4, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum creatinine (SCr) (C3: r = 0.222, p = 0.042; C4: r = 0.230, p = 0.035; CRP: r = 0.337, p = 0.007; SC: r = 0.408, p < 0.0001) but inversely correlated with IgG (r=-0.226, p = 0.041). NLR level increased with severity of renal impairment. NLR (area under the curve (AUC): 0.785, 95% CI = 0.708–0.862) was useful for diagnosis of LN, and its optimal cutoff was 5.44 (sensitivity: 65.9%, specificity: 86.3%).
Conclusions

A high NLR was associated with severe renal function impairment in LN patients. NLR would be useful for diagnosis of LN and reflect severity of renal impairment. Thus, evaluating pretreatment NLR could help clinicians identify the potential renal involvement in SLE patients and distinguish LN from CN, so clinicians could conduct early triage and initiate effective management in time.
Exploration of Interethnic Variation in the Ibuprofen Metabolizing Enzyme&nbsp;CYP2C9: A Cautionary Guide for Treatment of COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: Almarzooq Ammar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a rapidly spreading infectious illness that causes a debilitating respiratory syndrome. While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen, may be prescribed for the management of pain and fever, controversy arose on the use of ibuprofen due to the possibility of a worse COVID-19 prognosis. P450 enzyme CYP2C9 are known to be involved in the metabolism of NSAIDs. Although no direct evidence of pharmacogenomics data in patients with COVID-19 was available at the time of writing this manuscript, there are plausible mechanisms by which genetic determinants may play a role in adverse drug responses (ADRs).
Methods

In this work, several genetic markers were analyzed across diverse ethnic backgrounds to identify population differences in drug responses and toxicity events associated with ibuprofen treatment. A cohort of 101 Jordanian Arab samples were retrospectively recruited and genotyped using Affymetrix DMET Plus Premier Package, within the context of over 100,000 global subjects in 417 published reports.
Results

Genetic structure analysis across populations validated that Jordanian Arabs share the closest CYP2C9 sequence homology to Near East and European populations. The Jordanian Arab population was also shown to be genetically heterogeneous for CYP2C9. However, European populations are 7.2x more likely to show impaired ibuprofen metabolism than Sub-Saharan populations, and 4.5x more likely than East Asian ancestry populations.
Conclusions

These findings are supported by recent European reports of potential harm with ibuprofen usage in patients with COVID-19 symptoms. Hence, the use of modern genomic tools coupled with a proactive assessment of the most likely gene-drug candidates will lead to a better understanding of the role of pharmacogenetics for COVID-19 and more effective treatments.