bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Social Grooming Transition Patterns on Facebook, Social Capital, and Well-Being
Authors: Lin Jih-Hsuan Tammy , Hsieh Yeu-Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe longitudinal associations between Facebook use and well-being have received limited exploration with mixed results. We argue that the transition pattern of an individual’s social grooming style based on five social grooming behaviors at different times—referred to as the social grooming transition pattern—is the key to exploring this issue. Based on the social grooming style framework, we employed latent transition analysis through a nationally representative, three-year panel survey (N = 710) in Taiwan. We found that active users remained active in social grooming behavior and had options to shift, and inactive users largely remained inactive in terms of Facebook social grooming style. The results indicated that persistent social image managers gained the most social capital and well-being, greater than persistent social butterflies and those who transitioned from image managers to social butterflies, indicating that adopting strategic social grooming styles in the long-term delivered the best social outcomes.Lay SummaryThe long-term interaction between Facebook use and well-being has received limited attention with mixed results. One way to examine this is to study changes in the way that we “groom” one another in Facebook. That is, how we socially interact with others by discussing different topics with various styles and strategies. Based on the social grooming framework, we provide the first study employing latent transition analysis (i.e., to track how people change or maintain their social grooming style across time) to examine this issue using a nationally representative, three-year panel survey from Taiwan. Our study shows that most people maintain a stable user style over time. However, some become less active (e.g., they become “maintainers” or “lurkers”). Thus, the majority of Taiwanese users often do not create their own postings, but rather comment on, or simply view, the content of other Facebook users. By contrast, users who actively groom (e.g., those who are persistent “social butterflies” or “image managers”) continue to create online posts. Our analysis shows that users who are highly social benefit from greater bridging social capital. However, the strategically active social groomer is the winner as they benefit by gaining greater bridging social capital, social connectedness, and social life satisfaction.
Relative abundance of invasive plants more effectively explains the response of wetland communities to different invasion degrees than phylogenetic evenness
Authors: Sun Kai , Liu Xuan-Shao , Qin Tian-Jian , Jiang Fan , Cai Jing-Fang , Shen Yi-Luan , A Si-Ha , Li Hong-Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Native plant communities are commonly invaded by invasive plants to different degrees. However, the relative contribution of the invasive plant abundance vs. phylogenetic evenness to the responses of wetland communities to different degrees of invasion is still unclear. In addition, whether such contribution varies with environmental conditions such as flooding is also unclear. To address these questions, we chose Alternanthera philoxeroides as the invasive plant, and set up four invasive degrees by changing the community species composition under both flooding and non-flooding conditions. The relative abundance of A. philoxeroides and phylogenetic evenness changed simultaneously with the change in the community invasion degree. The invasion degree significantly affected the individual biomass of A. philoxeroides and some native species. Variation partitioning showed that the relative abundance of A. philoxeroides contributed more to variation in community indicators than phylogenetic evenness, regardless of flooding. Spearman rank correlation test showed that the relative abundance of A. philoxeroides was negatively correlated with the individual biomass of A. philoxeroides and some native species, while the phylogenetic evenness was positively correlated with only a few native species. And their correlation strength and significance were all affected by specific species and flooded environment. In conclusion, our results suggest that the relative abundance of A. philoxeroides can more effectively explain the wetland community response to different invasion degrees than phylogenetic evenness, regardless of flooding.
Factors Associated With Postoperative Opioid Prescribing After Primary Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: Patzkowski Michael S , Hammond Kevin L , Herrera Germaine , Highland Krista B 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Guidelines indicate the need to balance the risks of opioid prescribing with the need to adequately manage pain after cesarean section (CS). Although guidelines suggest the need for tailored opioid prescribing, it is unclear whether providers currently tailor opioid prescribing practices given patient-related factors. Thus, research is needed to first understand post-CS pain management and opioid prescribing. The objective of the present study was to identify factors related to CS discharge opioid prescriptions.

Material and Methods
This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Brooke Army Medical Center Institutional Review Board (San Antonio, Texas; #C.2020.094e) on June 23, 2020. Electronic health record data of healthy adult women undergoing primary elective CS, performed under regional neuraxial anesthesia at a single, academic, tertiary medical center from 2018 to 2019, were included. Multivariable regression examined patient and medical factors associated with post-CS opioid prescriptions.

Results
In the present sample (N = 169), 23% (n = 39) of patients did not use opioids postoperatively, while inpatient and almost all of those patients (n = 36) received a discharge prescription for opioids with a median amount of 225 morphine milligram equivalent doses. There was a lack of evidence indicating that patient and medical factors were associated with discharge opioid dose.

Conclusion
Patient and medical factors were not associated with post-CS opioid prescribing. Larger studies are needed to better elucidate optimal post-CS pain management in the days and months that follow CS. Such findings are needed to better tailor opioid prescribing, consistent with clinical practice guidelines.
Genome Analysis Traces Regional Dispersal of Rice in Taiwan and Southeast Asia
Authors: Alam Ornob , Gutaker Rafal M , Wu Cheng-Chieh , Hicks Karen A , Bocinsky Kyle , Castillo Cristina Cobo , Acabado Stephen , Fuller Dorian , d’Alpoim Guedes Jade A , Hsing Yue-Ie , Purugganan Michael D 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe dispersal of rice (Oryza sativa) following domestication influenced massive social and cultural changes across South, East, and Southeast (SE) Asia. The history of dispersal across islands of SE Asia, and the role of Taiwan and the Austronesian expansion in this process remain largely unresolved. Here, we reconstructed the routes of dispersal of O. sativa ssp. japonica rice to Taiwan and the northern Philippines using whole-genome resequencing of indigenous rice landraces coupled with archaeological and paleoclimate data. Our results indicate that japonica rice found in the northern Philippines diverged from Indonesian landraces as early as 3,500 years before present (BP). In contrast, rice cultivated by the indigenous peoples of the Taiwanese mountains has complex origins. It comprises two distinct populations, each best explained as a result of admixture between temperate japonica that presumably came from northeast Asia, and tropical japonica from the northern Philippines and mainland SE Asia, respectively. We find that the temperate japonica component of these indigenous Taiwan populations diverged from northeast Asia subpopulations at about 2,600 BP, whereas gene flow from the northern Philippines had begun before ∼1,300  BP. This coincides with a period of intensified trade established across the South China Sea. Finally, we find evidence for positive selection acting on distinct genomic regions in different rice subpopulations, indicating local adaptation associated with the spread of japonica rice.
Triplex-forming properties and enzymatic incorporation of a base-modified nucleotide capable of duplex DNA recognition at neutral pH
Authors: Rusling David A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The sequence-specific recognition of duplex DNA by unmodified parallel triplex-forming oligonucleotides is restricted to low pH conditions due to a necessity for cytosine protonation in the third strand. This has severely restricted their use as gene-targeting agents, as well as for the detection and/or functionalisation of synthetic or genomic DNA. Here I report that the nucleobase 6-amino-5-nitropyridin-2-one (Z) finally overcomes this constraint by acting as an uncharged mimic of protonated cytosine. Synthetic TFOs containing the nucleobase enabled stable and selective triplex formation at oligopurine-oligopyrimidine sequences containing multiple isolated or contiguous GC base pairs at neutral pH and above. Moreover, I demonstrate a universal strategy for the enzymatic assembly of Z-containing TFOs using its commercially available deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate. These findings seek to improve not only the recognition properties of TFOs but also the cost and/or expertise associated with their chemical syntheses.
Roles of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Tateishi-Karimata Hisae , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCancer and neurodegenerative diseases are caused by genetic and environmental factors. Expression of tumour suppressor genes is suppressed by mutations or epigenetic silencing, whereas for neurodegenerative disease-related genes, nucleic acid-based effects may be presented through loss of protein function due to erroneous protein sequences or gain of toxic function from extended repeat transcripts or toxic peptide production. These diseases are triggered by damaged genes and proteins due to lifestyle and exposure to radiation. Recent studies have indicated that transient, non-canonical structural changes in nucleic acids in response to the environment can regulate the expression of disease-related genes. Non-canonical structures are involved in many cellular functions, such as regulation of gene expression through transcription and translation, epigenetic regulation of chromatin, and DNA recombination. Transcripts generated from repeat sequences of neurodegenerative disease-related genes form non-canonical structures that are involved in protein transport and toxic aggregate formation. Intracellular phase separation promotes transcription and protein assembly, which are controlled by the nucleic acid structure and can influence cancer and neurodegenerative disease progression. These findings may aid in elucidating the underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we review the influence of non-canonical nucleic acid structures in disease-related genes on disease onset and progression.
capCLIP: a new tool to probe translational control in human cells through capture and identification of the eIF4E–mRNA interactome
Authors: Jensen Kirk B , Dredge B Kate , Toubia John , Jin Xin , Iadevaia Valentina , Goodall Gregory J , Proud Christopher G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Translation of eukaryotic mRNAs begins with binding of their m7G cap to eIF4E, followed by recruitment of other translation initiation factor proteins. We describe capCLIP, a novel method to comprehensively capture and quantify the eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E) ‘cap-ome’ and apply it to examine the biological consequences of eIF4E–cap binding in distinct cellular contexts. First, we use capCLIP to identify the eIF4E cap-omes in human cells with/without the mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin, complex 1) inhibitor rapamycin, there being an emerging consensus that rapamycin inhibits translation of TOP (terminal oligopyrimidine) mRNAs by displacing eIF4E from their caps. capCLIP reveals that the representation of TOP mRNAs in the cap-ome is indeed systematically reduced by rapamycin, thus validating our new methodology. capCLIP also refines the requirements for a functional TOP sequence. Second, we apply capCLIP to probe the consequences of phosphorylation of eIF4E. We show eIF4E phosphorylation reduces overall eIF4E–mRNA association and, strikingly, causes preferential dissociation of mRNAs with short 5′-UTRs. capCLIP is a valuable new tool to probe the function of eIF4E and of other cap-binding proteins such as eIF4E2/eIF4E3.
Choline and docosahexaenoic acid during the first 1000 days and children’s health and development in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Bragg Megan G , Prado Elizabeth L , Stewart Christine P 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCholine and DHA are nutrients that, when provided during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years, may have beneficial effects on child neurodevelopment as well as related health factors, including birth outcomes and child growth, morbidity, and inflammation. Because these nutrients are found mainly in animal-source foods, they may be lacking in the diets of pregnant and lactating women and young children in low- and middle-income countries, potentially putting children at risk for suboptimal development and health. Prior reviews of these nutrients have mainly focused on studies from high-income countries. Here, a narrative review is presented of studies describing the pre- and postnatal roles of choline, docosahexaenoic acid, and a combination of the 2 nutrients on child neurodevelopment, birth outcomes, growth, morbidity, and inflammation in low- and middle-income countries. More studies are needed to understand the specific, long-term effects of perinatal choline and docosahexaenoic acid intake in various contexts.
Functional Analysis of Poplar Sombrero-Type NAC Transcription Factors Yields a Strategy to Modify Woody Cell Wall Properties
Authors: Akiyoshi Nobuhiro , Ihara Ayumi , Matsumoto Tomoko , Takebayashi Arika , Hiroyama Ryoko , Kikuchi Jun , Demura Taku , Ohtani Misato 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Woody cells generate lignocellulosic biomass, which is a promising sustainable bioresource for wide industrial applications. Woody cell differentiation in vascular plants, including the model plant poplar (Populus trichocarpa), is regulated by a set of NAC family transcription factors, the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND), NAC SECONDARY CELL WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR (NST)/SND, and SOMBRERO (SMB) (VNS)-related proteins, but the precise contributions of each VNS protein to wood quality are unknown. Here, we performed a detailed functional analysis of the poplar SMB-type VNS proteins PtVNS13–PtVNS16. PtVNS13–PtVNS16 were preferentially expressed in the roots of young poplar plantlets, similar to the Arabidopsis thalianaSMB gene. PtVNS13 and PtVNS14, as well as the NST-type PtVNS11, suppressed the abnormal root cap phenotype of the Arabidopsis sombrero-3 mutant, whereas the VND-type PtVNS07 gene did not, suggesting a functional gap between SMB- or NST-type VNS proteins and VND-type VNS proteins. Overexpressing PtVNS13–PtVNS16 in Arabidopsis seedlings and poplar leaves induced ectopic xylem-vessel-like cells with secondary wall deposition, and a transient expression assay showed that PtVNS13–16 transactivated woody-cell-related genes. Interestingly, although any VNS protein rescued the pendant stem phenotype of the Arabidopsis nst1-1 nst3-1 mutant, the resulting inflorescence stems exhibited distinct cell wall properties: poplar VNS genes generated woody cell walls with higher enzymatic saccharification efficiencies compared with Arabidopsis VNS genes. Together, our data reveal clear functional diversity among VNS proteins in woody cell differentiation and demonstrate a novel VNS-based strategy for modifying woody cell wall properties toward enhanced utilization of woody biomass.
Quercetin fail to protect against the neurotoxic effects of chronic homocysteine administration on motor behavior and oxidative stress in the adult rat’s cerebellum
Authors: Thaimory Mohaddeseh , Goudarzi Iran , Lashkarbolouki Taghi , Abrari Kataneh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHomocysteine (Hcy) is an excitatory amino acid that contains thiol group and derives from the methionine metabolism. It increases vulnerability of the neuronal cells to excitotoxic and oxidative damage. This study aimed to investigate the hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) effects on rat cerebellum and the possible protective role of quercetin administration in Hcy-treated rats, using behavioral and biochemical analyzes. To this end, the adult male rats were divided randomly into the control group that received vehicle, Hcy group received Hcy (400 μg/kg), Hcy + Que group received Hcy + quercetin (50 mg/kg), quercetin group received quercetin for 14 days. On Day 14 after the final treatment, lipid peroxidation level, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were evaluated in the cerebellum. After completion of treatment, the rat’s performance on rotarod and locomotor activity was evaluated. The results showed that Hcy treatment elicited cerebellar lipid peroxidation, impaired locomotor activity and increased latency to fall on the rotarod. Quercetin failed to attenuate significantly motoric impairment, increased significantly the cerebellar lipid peroxidation and GPx activity in the Hcy + Que group. Our results suggest that Hcy induced cerebellar toxicity and quercetin had no significant protective effects against Hcy toxicity in the cerebellum of adult rats.
Technique: Dorsal Spanning Wrist Plate
Authors: Senehi Rebecca , Walsh John 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
The dorsal spanning wrist plate is an important tool in the treatment of comminuted, intra-articular, and displaced distal radius fractures (OTA/AO C3). The dorsal spanning plate allows for secondary bone healing in patients when it is not possible to achieve a stable reduction through a standard plate due to polytrauma, fracture morphology, degree of comminution, and/or poor native bone biology.
Dorsal Thompson: Approach to the Proximal Radial Shaft
Authors: Murphy Meredith , Teasdall Robert J. , Comadoll Shea , Aneja Arun 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Treatment principles in the management of radial shaft fractures, congruent with all fracture care, are to restore anatomy and function of the limb. Radial shaft fractures are unique in that preserving the anatomic bow of the radius, which allows for its rotation around the ulna during pronation and supination, is essential for proper function. The 2 main approaches for exposure of the proximal or middle third radial diaphyseal fractures are the volar “Henry” and the dorsal “Thompson.” This article highlights the benefits of the dorsal Thompson approach, describes the key points of the operative technique, which allow for protection of the posterior interosseous nerve, and provides an overview of the measurable outcomes when using this approach. In the accompanying video, the steps of operative exposure to the proximal radial shaft with careful avoidance of the posterior interosseous nerve are demonstrated.
Management of Open Segmental Tibial Fractures
Authors: Hundal Rajbir S. , Weick Jack , Hake Mark 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
Open segmental tibial fractures are difficult injuries fraught with potential for complications. Delays or missteps in treatment and soft tissue coverage can lead to disastrous outcomes. This article and the accompanying video demonstrate an example of a timely, team-based approach for management of an open segmental tibial shaft fracture with complex osseous fixation and soft tissue reconstruction.
Impact of Clinician Recognition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Evidenced-Based Interventions in the Medical ICU
Authors: Kerchberger V. Eric , Brown Ryan M. , Semler Matthew W. , Zhao Zhiguo , Koyama Tatsuki , Janz David R. , Bastarache Julie A. , Ware Lorraine B. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is underrecognized in the ICU, but it remains uncertain if acute respiratory distress syndrome recognition affects evidence-based acute respiratory distress syndrome care in the modern era. We sought to determine the rate of clinician-recognized acute respiratory distress syndrome in an academic medical ICU and understand how clinician-recognized-acute respiratory distress syndrome affects clinical care and patient-centered outcomes.

DESIGN:
Observational cohort study.

SETTING:
Single medical ICU at an academic tertiary-care hospital.

PATIENTS:
Nine hundred seventy-seven critically ill adults (381 with expert-adjudicated acute respiratory distress syndrome) enrolled from 2006 to 2015.

INTERVENTIONS:
Clinician-recognized-acute respiratory distress syndrome was identified using an electronic keyword search of clinical notes in the electronic health record. We assessed the classification performance of clinician-recognized acute respiratory distress syndrome for identifying expert-adjudicated acute respiratory distress syndrome. We also compared differences in ventilator settings, diuretic prescriptions, and cumulative fluid balance between clinician-recognized acute respiratory distress syndrome and unrecognized acute respiratory distress syndrome.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Overall, clinician-recognized-acute respiratory distress syndrome had a sensitivity of 47.5%, specificity 91.1%, positive predictive value 77.4%, and negative predictive value 73.1% for expert-adjudicated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Among the 381 expert-adjudicated acute respiratory distress syndrome cases, we did not observe any differences in ventilator tidal volumes between clinician-recognized-acute respiratory distress syndrome and unrecognized acute respiratory distress syndrome, but clinician-recognized-acute respiratory distress syndrome patients had a more negative cumulative fluid balance (mean difference, –781 mL; 95% CI, [–1,846 to +283]) and were more likely to receive diuretics (49.3% vs 35.7%, p = 0.02). There were no differences in mortality, ICU length of stay, or ventilator-free days.

CONCLUSIONS:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome recognition was low in this single-center study. Although acute respiratory distress syndrome recognition was not associated with lower ventilator volumes, it was associated with differences in behaviors related to fluid management. These findings have implications for the design of future studies promoting evidence-based acute respiratory distress syndrome interventions in the ICU.