bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’humanisme à l’œuvre dans la pensée pédagogique arabe classique (IX e -XII e siècles)
Authors: Zouari Yassine 
Published: June 2021

La pensée arabe classique a fait de l’éducation et des savoirs un souci pédagogique, si bien que différents courants pédagogiques, dont principalement le courant rationaliste, furent l’expression de cette dynamique productive de l’art de pratiquer l’éducation et de la penser. Dans cet article, nous explorons l’humanisme à l’œuvre dans le courant pédagogique rationaliste arabe. Notre souci étant d’identifier, par la voie de l’analyse des idées pédagogiques développées par des pédagogues rationalistes arabes (IX e -XII e siècles), des indicateurs de cet humanisme, nous démontrons en quoi ce dernier constitue un potentiel de sécularisation et de modernité. C’est ce qui apparaît clairement à travers la problématique de la quête des savoirs, l’idée de perfectionnement théorico-pratique de la nature humaine par et dans les savoirs, l’ancrage rationnel du rapport au religieux et la conception universelle de la raison où s’articule religion et philosophie. Toujours est-il que ce potentiel de sécularisation a été occulté dans la pensée arabe de la Renaissance du XIX e siècle, comme en témoignent l’examen de la pensée éducative des réformistes progressistes et le questionnement des images qu’ils se sont faites de la modernité.
En relisant Tintin. Le génie d’Hergé, entre humour et réalisme
Authors: Duchesne Jean 
Published: June 2021

Le « père » de Tintin n’a jamais eu l’ambition de devenir un maître ni de laisser un message. Son génie réside dans un mélange d’humour et de réalisme. Les épisodes sont souvent comiques, mais les innombrables rebondissements ne sont pas moins réjouissants. Et le cadre de ces aventures ébouriffantes n’est pas seulement représenté avec une impressionnante exactitude, car c’est aussi celui d’une actualité devenue historique. De plus, les principaux personnages ont fini par prendre au fil des publications une consistance qui assure leur survie.
Le perspectivisme est-il une « image de la pensée » ?
Authors: Chamois Camille 
Published: June 2021

Cet article vise à analyser et clarifier le programme de recherche « géo-philosophique » avancé par Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari et développé par Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Nous montrons qu’il s’agit d’un projet anthropologique d’envergure – dont l’objectif est de décrire la diversité des modalités d’énonciation et des pratiques discursives qui y sont liées – qui n’a cependant pas reçu les développements qu’il mérite. Dans cet article, nous tentons de préciser le sens de ce projet en évaluant dans quelle mesure le « perspectivisme », et notamment sa version amazonienne, peut être considéré comme une « image de la pensée ». Pour ce faire, nous identifions dix problèmes qui se répartissent en deux grands champs : la définition théorique du perspectivisme, d’une part, et la définition pratique du programme géophilosophique, d’autre part. Nous espérons ainsi montrer que le programme qui cherche à faire du perspectivisme une « image de la pensée sauvage » reste philosophiquement et anthropologiquement fécond mais sous-déterminé.
Marxisme et christianisme. La Lettre de Louis Althusser à Jean Lacroix
Authors: Rezzesi Riccardo 
Published: June 2021

Ancien étudiant de la khâgne de Lyon (au Lycée du Parc), Louis Althusser écrit une grande Lettre (d’environ 70 pages) à Jean Lacroix, son ancien (célèbre et estimé) enseignant, philosophe personnaliste, co-fondateur de la revue Esprit avec Mounier en 1932. Critique féroce du livre Marxisme, Existentialisme, Personnalisme de Lacroix, publié en 1949, la Lettre s’avère être un règlement de compte philosophique, aboutissant à la rupture avec Mounier et le mouvement personnaliste. Dès son retour de la captivité en Allemagne, l’itinéraire intellectuel (et spirituel) du jeune philosophe prend un tournant brusque : de fervent catholique, quasi mystique, à militant communiste, tel est le chemin parcouru depuis la Libération. Qu’est-il arrivé aux espoirs de sa jeunesse chrétienne ? Véritable manifeste de sa conversion au marxisme, la Lettre à son mentor catholique exprime la conviction que le christianisme est un idéal dé-passé.
Rire au début du Moyen Âge
Authors: de Saxcé Anne 
Published: June 2021

Était-il interdit de rire au Moyen Âge ? Les historiens pensent généralement que ce fut fortement le cas au début de la période médiévale. On se propose d’étudier l’influence de saint Augustin sur un certain nombre d’auteurs des débuts du Moyen Âge, pour montrer qu’en réalité, le rire, à cette époque, n’est contesté que lorsqu’il exprime une affirmation excessive de sa propre puissance, mais qu’il est au contraire encouragé lorsqu’il permet de se rapprocher de Dieu.
Le patologie di Giustiniano e le profilassi mediche in voga nella Proto Bisanzio. Gli Adynata come eccezionale cura
Authors: Di Cosmo Antonio Pio 
Published: June 2021

[it] Questa ricerca confronta i dati raccolti dai testi riguardanti l’imperatore Giustiniano con le informazioni concernenti la casistica delle malattie sessuali nel contesto della Proto Bisanzio. Un testo agiografico, la Vita di San Sansone, racconta: una grave malattia colpisce Giustiniano agli organi genitali e i medici non sono in grado di curarla. La patologia viene risolta da un miracolo di San Sansone. Questo adynaton pone l’imperatore in uno ‘spazio di copertura’. Dopo il 23° o 24° anno del suo regno, Giustiniano soffre disturbi ad una gamba, accompagnati da dolore durante la minzione. Körbler ipotizza che questi sintomi siano dovuti alla sifilide. Il disturbo alla gamba viene curato dall’intercessione dei santi Cosma e Damiano. La malattia dell’imperatore si rivela dunque come luogo della letteratura agiografica. L’adynaton poi conferma l’istituzione imperiale ed afferma l’adeguatezza del sovrano.
La enfermedad de las gentes del mar a través de la historia del español: revisión diacrónica de escorbuto y sus sinónimos
Authors: Molina Sangüesa Itziar 
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se estudia la terminología que, en mayor o menor medida y durante más de cuatro siglos, se ha empleado en lengua española para referirse a la que se considera, históricamente, como la enfermedad de las gentes del mar por excelencia: el escorbuto (y algunas de sus variantes, como el escorbuto petequial, el muriático, el pedregoso, etc.). Asimismo, se constata la multiplicidad denominativa que este término desencadena para dar nombre a un tipo de enfermedad avitaminosa caracterizada por el déficit de vitamina C en el organismo (a saber: los vocablos berbén, loanda, mal de loanda, mal del gusanillo, peste del mar, escelotirbe, estomacace, gingibraquio, gingipedio y pequitirbo). Para ello, se analiza y se expone la documentación que tanto las bibliotecas como hemerotecas digitales, los bancos de datos de referencia del español y los repertorios lexicográficos hispánicos ofrecen sobre esta selección léxica.
Prognostic Value of Metabolic Tumor Parameters in Pretreatment 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography Scan in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Mallick Ayan , Das Jayanta , Shaw Manoj Kumar , Biswas Bivas , Ray Soumendranath 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether metabolic parameters of primary tumour i.e. maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) predict overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods:
SUVmax, MTV and TLG of the primary tumors were measured in staging 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography- Computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan of 97 NSCLC patients by gradient based tumour segmentation method. Prognostic ability was assessed for overall survival (OS) of the patients.

Result:
The median follow-up period of the study was 15.84 months (range 1.3 to 47.97 months).The estimated median OS was 11.29 months (range 1.37 to 38.63 months). Total of 40 (41.24%) patients had progressive disease and 21 (21.65%) patients died during the follow up period. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for MTV was significant (area = 0.652 ± 0.065; 95% CI = 0.548 – 0.746; P = 0.020). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the OS differences between the groups of patients who were dichotomized by the median value of MTV (38.76 ml, P = 0.0150) and TLG (301.69 ml, P = 0.0046) were significant. MTV (hazard ratio = 4.524; 95% CI = 1.244 – 16.451; P = 0.022) was found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:
MTV of the primary tumor is a potential prognostic parameter for OS in our population of advanced NSCLC patients independent of other risk factors.
The Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin and Nanoselenium on DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Peripheral Lymphocytes Caused by I-131
Authors: Jafarpour Seyed Masoud , Shekarchi Babak , Bagheri Hamed , Farhood Bagher 
Published: June 2021

Background:
One of the treatment modalities for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism is radioiodine-131 (I-131) therapy. The use of this therapeutic modality is not completely safe and can lead to oxidative stress, eventually DNA damages. However, these radiation-induced damages can be reduced by antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate the potential radioprotective effects of melatonin and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) caused by I-131.

Materials and Methods:
After obtaining informed consent, 6 ml blood was taken from each volunteer. The samples were divided into two general groups of control (without I-131) and with I-131. Each group was also divided into three subgroups, including without antioxidant, melatonin, and SeNPs. The samples of control group were incubated for 2 h after adding the antioxidants. The samples of I-131 group were first incubated for 1 h with the antioxidants and then the samples re-incubated for another 1 h after adding the I-131. Then, the samples were prepared for γH2AX assay.

Results:
The findings showed that after 1 h of incubation with 20 μCi I-131/2 mL, the DSB levels increased by 102.9% in comparison with the control group. In the I-131 group, there were significant reductions of the DSB levels after incubation with melatonin (P < 0.001) and SeNPs (P < 0.001) in comparison with the without antioxidant subgroup. Furthermore, the DSB levels at the melatonin + I-131 and the SeNPs + I-131 subgroups decreased to 38% and 30%, respectively, compared to the I-131 subgroup.

Conclusion:
According to the obtained findings, it can be concluded that the use of melatonin and SeNPs (as radioprotector agents) can reduce the DSB levels induced by I-131 in peripheral lymphocytes.
Assessing caregiving burden among primary caregivers in a medical intensive care unit setup
Authors: Ramdurg Santosh Iranna , Biradar Siddanagouda M. , Reddy Pallavali Janardhana 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Caregiver burden in caring patients in intensive care unit (ICU) settings are stressful and challenging place. Caregivers also play very important role in doctor–patient relationship. In India, there is a skewed trend in doctor–patient relationship. Without addressing caregiver's psychological issues, we may not able to deliver good medical services. “Caregiver burden in primary caregivers of patients admitted to medical ICU (MICU) was measured.

Methodology:
Its cross-section observational study. We collected the information from total of 100 caregivers whose patient got admitted to MICU. We took only one caregiver. We administered socio-demographic data, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) for assessing burden in caregivers.

Results:
The mean age of the caregivers was 38 years with 66% males were being primary caregivers and mean age of education was 8.61 years. The mean duration of patient stay in hospital was 4.67 days with range of 4–18 days. Mean duration of illness in patient was 466 days with range of 4 days to 10 years. Mean score caregivers burden as per ZBI was 5.10 with range of 0–25. Thirty-five percentage of caregiver were felt caregiving was the burden. Correlation analysis shows ZBI negative relationship with caregivers' age and education and patients total duration of illness. There was a positive co-relationship with the duration of ICU admission.

Conclusion:
Higher burden was observed in caregivers and caregivers felt more burden if patients stays longer duration in ICU. More research is needed in this area.
An unusual cause of cavitating nodules in the lung
Authors: Chetambath Ravindran , Pavithran K. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A case of fever, cough, and hemoptysis in a young female which could not be diagnosed by routine investigations is presented here. Confirmatory diagnosis was established after a long period of 2 years. Difficulty in diagnosis itself points to a rare cause for this presentation. The case is presented here with expert comments from specialists working in related specialties.
Recurrent Hemoptysis in a Patient with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Sharma M. Vishnu , Walikar Baseer Ahmmad 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Hemoptysis is not a common symptom in bronchial asthma. We aim to discuss the approach to a patient with uncontrolled asthma with recurrent hemoptysis in this case-based discussion. Causes in such cases include pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, endobronchial lesions, bronchial carcinoid, factitious hemoptysis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, allergic angiitis (hypersensitivity vasculitis), Churg-Strauss syndrome, and valvular heart disease which can coexist with asthma.
The Yield of Thoracoscopic Biopsy Truenat in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion
Authors: Kurian Thomas , Paramez A. R. , Chandra Rohita S. , Jose Nimmy 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) affects about 25% of patients presenting with Tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculous pleural effusion is the second-most common type of EPTB, after lymph node TB. Although the molecular TB diagnostics have lower turnaround time compared to traditional testing methods, the sensitivity in microscopy negative specimens are low. Higher cost and infrastructure requirements are other disadvantages. Truenat, developed by Mobilio diagnostics and validated by ICMR, is a rapid, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic test to detect Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) and also rifampicin resistance. According to the WHO, the accuracy of Truenat is comparable to Xpert PCR. We report our experience in using Truenat for EPTB, specifically, pleural TB.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed data from thoracoscopy over the past 2 years. All data pertaining to the use of Truenat for TB in pleural fluid and thoracoscopic biopsy specimens, histopathology, and mycobacterial cultures were analyzed.

Results:
We had a total of 114 patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion who underwent thoracoscopy during the study. Forty-five patients (39%) had a diagnosis of TB, among the total 114 patients. The sensitivity of tissue Truenat was 51.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.77–66.30), tissue culture 37.50% (95% CI: 22.73–54.20), pleural fluid Truenat 20% (95% CI: 8.44–36.94), and fluid culture 14.29% (95% CI: 5.43–28.54). The specificities of all the confirmatory tests were 100% when compared to a reference standard which was taken as a combination of histology and culture as the reference standard with or without acid-fast bacilli in the histology samples. Tissue Truenat was significantly more sensitive than fluid Truenat (P < 0.05). Likewise, tissue culture was more sensitive than fluid culture (P < 0.05). Among all microbiology confirmatory tests performed, Truenat of pleural tissue had the highest yield (51.11).

Conclusion:
Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy Truenat results in improved sensitivity in cases of EPTB.
A New Approach to Tobacco Cessation by Using Chart of 5A's Based on National Guidelines
Authors: Mhaske Rupali V. , Kale Lata M. , Sodhi Sonia , Kadam Vishwas D. , Bansode Amruta M. , Pawar Kapil 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The use of tobacco is linked to cultural and social practices in India. It is the primary cause of oral cancer. Dental health professionals are trained to identify signs of tobacco use following visual examinations of the oral cavity. Through the establishment of Tobacco cessation centers in dental colleges, the dentist receives training in providing tobacco cessation counseling to tobacco users. Thus each patient that seeks dental treatment in dental colleges is also screened for tobacco use and then counseled as appropriate.

Aim and objectives:
(1) To assess the nicotine dependence. (2) To assess the prevalence of oral diseases. (3) To carry out a detailed and effective tobacco cessation program.(4) To use the newly made chart of 5A's and assess the usefulness of the chart in tobacco cessation counseling.

Materials and Methods:
The sample size of 100 patients who were tobacco users age 15 to 80 years was selected. 06 questions from the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence were used to elicit the nicotine dependence. The tobacco cessation program and detailed counseling were carried out.

Statistical Analysis:
Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
Of 100 patients, 57 were highly dependent, 38 were moderately dependent, and 5 were minimally dependent on Nicotine. After Tobacco cessation counseling patients reported back within 8 months, and their nicotine dependence was assessed again using the Fagerstrom questionnaire and was found that: 28 patients were tobacco-free having 0 scores of nicotine dependence, 67 patients were minimally dependent having scored from 1 to 3, 06 patients were moderately dependent having score from 4 to 7. Not a single patient of 100 was highly dependent on nicotine.

Conclusions:
Establishing a Tobacco cessation center using cognitive and behavioral counseling through the pictorial chart of 5AS, informative leaflets, awareness videos, and regular follow-up has proven effective in helping tobacco users to quit tobacco.
Evaluation of Serum Immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) in Oral Cancer Patients – A Case Control Study
Authors: Tarsariya Vivek M. , Raval Nilesh , Mehta Dhaval N. , Asrani Mukesh K. , Asrani Vijay K. , Barot Kaushik S. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Very few studies have been done to evaluate the level of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in patients with oral cancer as tumor markers.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to estimate the serum immunoglobulins level (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in oral cancer patients and its comparison with control groups and whether these values can be used to predict the severity of disease or not.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 patients with different clinical stages oral cancer and 30 healthy controls were selected at random and subjected for analysis of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM. Statistical methods used were the mean, standard deviation and t test.

Results:
Significantly elevated levels of all the immunoglobulins was observed in oral cancer patients when compared with the control group and levels were increasing with clinical stages (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
All these immunoglobulins are indicative of tumor burden or transformation of malignancy in higher stage and might be used as prognostic indicators in oral cancer.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Rout Rupsa N. , Bhuyan Sanat K. , Priyadarshini Arpita , Bhindhani Damodhar , Singh Mamata , Mohapatra Satya 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
To evaluate diagnostic cephalometric parameters and their influence on skeletal and soft tissue components in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Materials and Methods:
The study is a prospective case study of 40 diagnosed cases (as diagnosed by Type IV level study) of obstructive sleep apnea who were reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with their age ranging from 28 to 75 years. Lateral cephalometric radiographs in upright and supine posture were taken, with teeth in centric relation, and the head aligned with Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane parallel to the floor. The focus-coronal plane distance was 5 feet, the film-coronal plane distance was 15 cm, and the magnification was 10%.

Results:
OSA patients experience an increase in values of sella nasion point A (SNA) and sella nasion point B (SNB) at the supine position with respect to the upright position and experience a decrease in values of nasion sella turcica odontoid process tangent (NSL-OPT) and nasion sella turcica- cervical vertebra tangent (NSL-CVT) at the supine position with respect to the upright position. The parameters of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of OSA are soft palate thickness, length, and tongue length.

Conclusion:
SNA, SNB and NSL-OPT, NSL-CVT are inversely related to each other and play a role in the consequence or pathogenesis of OSA. Tongue height is of the least significance in the pathogenesis of OSA. The cephalometric findings are of paramount importance to know the exact site of obstruction in the pathogenesis of OSA.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Pneumatized Articular Eminence and Roof of Glenoid Fossa in North-East Indian Population
Authors: Verma Saumya , Koppula Sri Krishna , Choudhary Anand , Nandi Devarshi , Kumar Ashutosh , Rawat Babita 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Pneumatized articular eminence (PAT) and roof of the glenoid fossa (PRGF) are recognized when accessory air cells are found within the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. Pneumatization in this region facilitates the spread of tumors and fractures. During Zygomatic implant placement and TMJ surgical procedures, namely eminectomy and miniplate insertions, various complications might arise due to pneumatized PAT and PRGF. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides reliable and accurate information to determine the characteristics, the extent of pneumatization, and its relationship to the adjacent structures. So, recognizing the variations of PAT and PRGF in different populations is of clinical importance.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of pneumatization of articular tubercle (PAT) and pneumatization of PRGF in the North- East Indian population by using CBCT.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out among 500 patients. The prevalence and significance of differences among the variables were carried out by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 21 (IBM).

Results:
The mean age with pneumatization was 45.27 ± 18.00 years. The prevalence of PAT and PRGF was found to be 24.6% and 24.4%, respectively. Bilateral PAT was detected in (6%) patients. The occurrence of unilateral PAT cases was found to be more than bilateral PAT cases (<0.042).

Conclusion:
There is a greater prevalence of PAT and PRGF in the North- East Indian population when compared to other similar studies in the literature.