bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampled‐data adaptive observer for state and parameter affine systems with distributed and discrete output delays
Authors: Lailler Manon , Giri Fouad , Ahmed‐Ali Tarek 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe are considering the problem of sampled‐data observer design for nonlinear time‐varying systems that are state‐affine. The novelty lies in that both distributed and discrete delays are considered in the output equation. The latter is also subject to a parameter uncertainty of nonaffine nature due to output sampling. Interestingly, all system delays are modeled using a single distributed representation, involving a distribution function, allowing thus for a unified treatment of delays. A Kalman‐like observer is developed to cope with both state and parameter uncertainty. Its main components are (i) a time‐varying‐gain state‐estimator involving both output and parameter rate injections; (ii) a distributed‐nature adaptive output‐predictor that compensate for all delay effects, including that of output sampling; (iii) an parameter‐estimator that is optimized in the sense that it makes use of all available information. The resulting observer is shown to be exponentially convergent, for small delays and sampling intervals, provided the input signal is sufficiently exciting. The analysis is performed using a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, Halanay's lemma, Wirtinger's inequality, and other tools.
CuI‐catalyzed, one‐pot synthesis of 3‐aminobenzofurans in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Abtahi Bahareh , Tavakol Hossein 
Published: September 2021

An environmentally friendly method is presented here for the synthesis of various benzofuran derivatives using CuI catalyst. In this line, a one‐pot, 3‐component reaction of alkynes, different aldehydes, and amines is employed in choline chloride‐ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent as an available, cheap, and green media. The employed method includes easy workup and good yields. In this work, 12 different benzofuran derivatives have been prepared in 7 h at 80°C.
Validation of freshwater mussel life‐history strategies: A database and multivariate analysis of freshwater mussel life‐history traits
Authors: Moore Adrian P. , Galic Nika , Brain Richard A. , Hornbach Daniel J. , Forbes Valery E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Freshwater mussels are among the most critically endangered taxa globally. In the United States, 91 out of nearly 300 species are listed as Threatened or Endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
Freshwater mussel species exhibit a range of life‐history traits. Owing to the large number of North American species, the rarity of many listed species and the often limited data available for those species, it can be difficult to gather all of the information necessary to develop ecological risk assessments and effective management plans for freshwater mussel species.
The primary objective of this study was to categorize North American freshwater mussel species into life‐history categories to aid in the identification of representative species for risk assessment.
To achieve these objectives, a literature review was conducted to identify available life‐history data for a large range of mussel species. Using this dataset, two ordinations were performed, non‐metric multidimensional scaling and discriminant analysis, to classify mussel species into previously described life‐history categories. Both analyses facilitated species classification into life‐history categories.
Significant data gaps in basic life‐history information still exist for many species, but previously described life‐history categories were found to be robust and additional analysis allowed quantitative classification of additional species.
Liposomes: Ideal drug delivery systems in breast cancer
Authors: Forouhari Sedighe , Beygi Zahra , Mansoori Zahra , Hajsharifi Sara , Heshmatnia Fatemeh , Gheibihayat Seyed Mohammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) has been recognized as the most common type of cancer in females across the world, accounting for 12% of each cancer case. In this sense, better diagnosis and screening have been thus far proven to contribute to higher survival rates. Moreover, traditional (or standard) chemotherapy is still known as one of the several prominent therapeutic options available, though it suffers from unsuitable cell selectivity, severe consequences, as well as resistance. In this regard, nanobased drug delivery systems (DDSs) are likely to provide promising grounds for BC treatment. Liposomes are accordingly effective nanosystems, having the benefits of multiple formulations verified to treat different diseases. Such systems possess specific features, including smaller size, biodegradability, hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics, biocompatibility, lower toxicity, as well as immunogenicity, which can all lead to considerable efficacy in treating various types of cancer. As chemotherapy uses drugs to target tumors, generates higher drug concentrations in tumors, which can provide for their slow release, and enhances drug stability, it can be improved via liposomes in DDSs for BC treatment. Therefore, the present study aims to review the existing issues regarding BC treatment and discuss liposome‐based targeting in order to overcome barriers to conventional drug therapy.
Metformin pretreatment reduces effect to dacarbazine and suppresses melanoma cell resistance
Authors: Sanches Larissa J. , Marinello Poliana C. , da Silva Brito Walison A. , Lopes Natália M. D. , Luiz Rodrigo C. , Cecchini Rubens , Cecchini Alessandra L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOxidative stress role on metformin process of dacarbazine (DTIC) inducing resistance of B16F10 melanoma murine cells are investigated. To induce resistance to DTIC, murine melanoma cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of dacarabazine (DTIC‐res group). Metformin was administered before and during the induction of resistance to DTIC (MET‐DTIC). The oxidative stress parameters of the DTIC‐res group showed increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol, and reduced nuclear p53, 8‐hydroxy‐2ʹ‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OH‐DG), nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐ĸB), and Nrf2. In presence of metformin in the resistant induction process to DTIC, (MET‐DTIC) cells had increased antioxidant thiols, MDA, nuclear p53, 8‐OH‐DG, Nrf2, and reducing NF‐ĸB, weakening the DTIC‐resistant phenotype. The exclusive administration of metformin (MET group) also induced the cellular resistance to DTIC. The MET group presented high levels of total thiols, MDA, and reduced percentage of nuclear p53. It also presented reduced nuclear 8‐OH‐DG, NF‐ĸB, and Nrf2 when compared with the control. Oxidative stress and the studied biomarkers seem to be part of the alterations evidenced in DTIC‐resistant B16F10 cells. In addition, metformin administration is able to play a dual role according to the experimental protocol, preventing or inducing a DTIC‐resistant phenotype. These findings should help future research with the aim of investigating DTIC resistance in melanoma.
The effects of cigarette smoking on the salivary and tongue microbiome
Authors: Suzuki Nao , Nakano Yoshio , Yoneda Masahiro , Hirofuji Takao , Hanioka Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIt has been suggested that smoking affects the oral microbiome, but its effects on sites other than the subgingival microbiome remain unclear. This study investigated the composition of the salivary and tongue bacterial communities of smokers and nonsmokers in periodontally healthy adults.MethodsThe study population included 50 healthy adults. The bacterial composition of resting saliva and the tongue coating was identified through barcoded pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The Brinkman index (BI) was used to calculate lifetime exposure to smoking. The richness and diversity of the microbiome were evaluated using thet‐test. Differences in the proportions of bacterial genera between smokers and nonsmokers were evaluated using the Mann–WhitneyUtest. The quantitative relationship between the proportions of genera and the BI was evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis.ResultsThe richness and diversity of the oral microbiome differed significantly between saliva and the tongue but not between smokers and nonsmokers. The saliva samples from smokers were enriched with the generaTreponemaandSelenomonas. The tongue samples from smokers were enriched with the generaDialisterandAtopobium. The genusCardiobacteriumin saliva, and the genusGranulicatellaon the tongue, were negatively correlated with BI values. On the other hand, the generaTreponema,Oribacterium,Dialister,Filifactor,Veillonella, andSelenomonasin saliva andDialister,Bifidobacterium,Megasphaera,Mitsuokella, andCryptobacteriumon the tongue were positively correlated with BI values.ConclusionsThe saliva and tongue microbial profiles of smokers and nonsmokers differed in periodontally healthy adults. The genera associated with periodontitis and oral malodor accounted for high proportions in saliva and on the tongue of smokers without periodontitis and were positively correlated with lifetime exposure to smoking. The tongue might be a reservoir of pathogens associated with oral disease in smokers.
Medicinal chemistry of pyrophosphate mimics: A mini review
Authors: Prasher Parteek , Sharma Mousmee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pyrophosphate mimicking groups offer rational modification of the pyrophosphate‐bearing natural substrates of the overexpressed enzymes that cause the onset of disease progression. Mainly, the modified substrate interacts differently with the enzyme active site eventually causing its deactivation, or provides the therapeutically active products at the completion of the catalytic cycle that contribute toward the inhibition of the target enzyme. Many of the pyrophosphate mimic‐containing molecules serve as competitive or allosteric inhibitors of the target enzyme to achieve the desirable properties for the mitigation of the target enzyme's pathophysiology. This review presents an epigrammatic overview of the pyrophosphate mimics in medicinal chemistry.
The influence of phylogeny and life history on telomere lengths and telomere rate of change among bird species: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Criscuolo François , Dobson F. Stephen , Schull Quentin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLongevity is highly variable among animal species and has coevolved with other life‐history traits, such as body size and rates of reproduction. Telomeres, through their erosion over time, are one of the cell mechanisms that produce senescence at the cell level and might even have an influence on the rate of aging in whole organisms. However, uneroded telomeres are also risk factors of cell immortalization. The associations of telomere lengths, their rate of change, and life‐history traits independent of body size are largely underexplored for birds. To test associations of life‐history traits and telomere dynamics, we conducted a phylogenetic meta‐analysis using studies of 53 species of birds. We restricted analyses to studies that applied the telomere restriction fragment length (TRF) method, and examined relationships between mean telomere length at the chick (Chick TL) and adult (Adult TL) stages, the mean rate of change in telomere length during life (TROC), and life‐history traits. We examined 3 principal components of 12 life‐history variables that represented:body size(PC1), theslow–fast continuum of pace of life(PC2), andpostfledging parental care(PC3). Phylogeny had at best a small‐to‐medium influence onAdultandChick TL(r2 = .190 and .138, respectively), but a substantial influence onTROC(r2 = .688). Phylogeny strongly influenced life histories: PC1 (r2 = .828), PC2 (.838), and PC3 (.613).Adult TLandChick TLwere poorly associated with the life‐history variables.TROC, however, was negatively and moderate‐to‐strongly associated with PC2 (unadjustedr = −.340; with phylogenetic correction,r = −.490). Independent of body size, long‐lived species with smaller clutches, and slower embryonic rate of growth may exhibit less change in telomere length over their lifetimes. We suggest that telomere lengths may have diverged, even among closely avian‐related species, yet telomere dynamics are strongly linked to the pace of life.
Let's do the time warp again: non‐linear time series matching as a tool for sequentially structured data in ecology
Authors: Hegg Jens C. , Kennedy Brian P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEcological patterns are often fundamentally chronological. However, generalization of data is necessarily accompanied by a loss of detail or resolution. Temporal data in particular contain information not only in data values but in the temporal structure, which is lost when these values are aggregated to provide point estimates. Dynamic time warping (DTW) is a time series comparison method that is capable of efficiently comparing series despite temporal offsets that confound other methods. The DTW method is both efficient and remarkably flexible, capable of efficiently matching not only time series but also any sequentially structured data set, which has made it a popular technique in machine learning, artificial intelligence, and big data analytical tasks. DTW is rarely used in ecology despite the ubiquity of temporally structured data. As technological advances have increased the richness of small‐scale ecological data, DTW may be an attractive analysis technique because it is able to utilize the additional information contained in the temporal structure of many ecological data sets. In this study, we use an example data set of high‐resolution fish movement records obtained from otolith microchemistry to compare traditional analysis techniques with DTW clustering. Our results suggest that DTW is capable of detecting subtle behavioral patterns within otolith data sets which traditional data aggregation techniques cannot. These results provide evidence that the DTW method may be useful across many of the temporal data types commonly collected in ecology, as well other sequentially ordered “pseudo time series” data such as classification of species by shape.
Heart failure and atrial flutter: a systematic review of current knowledge and practices
Authors: Diamant Michael J. , Andrade Jason G. , Virani Sean A. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Petrie Mark C. , Hawkins Nathaniel M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile the interplay between heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been extensively studied, little is known regarding HF and atrial flutter (AFL), which may be managed differently. We reviewed the incidence, prevalence, and predictors of HF in AFL and vice versa, and the outcomes of treatment of AFL in HF. A systematic literature review of PubMed/Medline and EMBASE yielded 65 studies for inclusion and qualitative synthesis. No study described the incidence or prevalence of AFL in unselected patients with HF. Most cohorts enrolled patients with AF/AFL as interchangeable diagnoses, or highly selected patients with tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of HF in AFL ranged from 6% to 56%. However, the phenotype of HF was never defined by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). No studies reported the predictors, phenotype, and prognostic implications of AFL in HF. There was significant variation in treatments studied, including the proportion that underwent ablation. When systolic dysfunction was tachycardia‐mediated, catheter ablation demonstrated LVEF normalization in up to 88%, as well as reduced cardiovascular mortality. In summary, AFL and HF often coexist but are understudied, with no randomized trial data to inform care. Further research is warranted to define the epidemiology and establish optimal management.
Unusual human serum albumin fibrillation inhibition by ketoprofen and fenoprofen: Mechanistic insights
Authors: Prasanthan Pooja , Kishore Nand 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDevelopment of efficient therapeutic strategies to combat protein misfolding and fibrillation is of great clinical significance. In the current study, efforts have been made to obtain qualitative and quantitative insights into interactions of anti‐inflammatory drugs; ketoprofen and fenoprofen with the transport protein HSA and their inhibitory action on fibrillation by employing a combination of calorimetric, spectroscopic, microscopic, and molecular docking methods. Interestingly, both ketoprofen and fenoprofen are able to completely inhibit fibrillation of HSA when added at a concentration of 0.5 mM for fenoprofen or 1 mM ketoprofen. Further, no amorphous aggregates are formed. Isothermal titration calorimetric studies highlight the predominant role of polar interactions of these drugs with protein in prevention of fibrillation. The role of conformational flexibility of benzoyl and phenoxy groups of drugs has been correlated with inhibition efficiency. Such studies highlight the role of functionality required for an inhibitor in addressing neurodegenerative diseases.
Molecular evolutionary characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 emerging in the United States
Authors: Wang Shihang , Xu Xuanyu , Wei Cai , Li Sicong , Zhao Jingying , Zheng Yin , Liu Xiaoyu , Zeng Xiaomin , Yuan Wenliang , Peng Sihua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is a newly discovered beta coronavirus at the end of 2019, which is highly pathogenic and poses a serious threat to human health. In this paper, 1875 SARS‐CoV‐2 whole genome sequences and the sequence coding spike protein (S gene) sampled from the United States were used for bioinformatics analysis to study the molecular evolutionary characteristics of its genome and spike protein. The MCMC method was used to calculate the evolution rate of the whole genome sequence and the nucleotide mutation rate of the S gene. The results showed that the nucleotide mutation rate of the whole genome was 6.677 × 10−4 substitution per site per year, and the nucleotide mutation rate of the S gene was 8.066 × 10−4 substitution per site per year, which was at a medium level compared with other RNA viruses. Our findings confirmed the scientific hypothesis that the rate of evolution of the virus gradually decreases over time. We also found 13 statistically significant positive selection sites in the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome. In addition, the results showed that there were 101 nonsynonymous mutation sites in the amino acid sequence of S protein, including seven putative harmful mutation sites. This paper has preliminarily clarified the evolutionary characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the United States, providing a scientific basis for future surveillance and prevention of virus variants.
How and when team average individual mindfulness facilitates team mindfulness: The roles of team relational stress and team individual mindfulness diversity
Authors: Liu Xin , Zheng Xiaoming , Yu Yu , Owens Bradley P. , Ni Dan 
Published: September 2021

SummaryAlthough mindfulness has attracted increasing attention from scholars and practitioners, we do not have a clear understanding of whether, how, and when individual mindfulness composites may shape team mindfulness. Based on the input–process–output (IPO) model and integrating mindfulness theory and team composition perspective, we propose a team‐level model theorizing that the additive accumulation of individual mindfulness among members (i.e., the mean level of individual trait mindfulness within a team) reduces team relational stress and that this reduction in turn enhances team mindfulness. Furthermore, team individual mindfulness diversity (i.e., the variability of individual trait mindfulness within a team) serves as a moderator, such that the indirect effect of team average individual mindfulness on team mindfulness via reduced relational stress is stronger when team individual mindfulness diversity is low rather than high. The results from a three‐wave field survey data support our hypotheses. Our findings resolve important unanswered questions relating to how and when individual mindfulness composites shape team mindfulness, and illuminate critical implications for managerial practice.
Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Women with Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Gao Yizhuo Kelly , Kuksis Markus , Id Said Badr , Chehade Rania , Kiss Alex , Tran William , Sickandar Faisal , Sahgal Arjun , Warner Ellen , Soliman Hany , Jerzak Katarzyna J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and the second leading cause of brain metastases (BrM). We assessed the treatment patterns and outcomes of women treated for breast cancer BrM at our institution in the modern era of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of women (≥18 years of age) with metastatic breast cancer who were treated with surgery, whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), or SRS to the brain at the Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada, between 2008 and 2018. Patients with a history of other malignancies and those with an uncertain date of diagnosis of BrM were excluded. Descriptive statistics were generated and survival analyses were performed with subgroup analyses by breast cancer subtype.

Results
Among 683 eligible patients, 153 (22.4%) had triple-negative breast cancer, 188 (27.5%) had HER2+, 246 (36.0%) had hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2−, and 61 (13.3%) had breast cancer of an unknown subtype. The majority of patients received first-line WBRT (n = 459, 67.2%) or SRS (n = 126, 18.4%). The median brain-specific progression-free survival and median overall survival (OS) were 4.1 months (interquartile range [IQR] 1.0–9.6 months) and 5.1 months (IQR 2.0–11.7 months) in the overall patent population, respectively. Age &gt;60 years, presence of neurological symptoms at BrM diagnosis, first-line WBRT, and HER2− subtype were independently prognostic for shorter OS.

Conclusion
Despite the use of SRS, outcomes among patients with breast cancer BrM remain poor. Strategies for early detection of BrM and central nervous system–active systemic therapies warrant further investigation.

Implications for Practice
Although triple-negative breast cancer and HER2+ breast cancer have a predilection for metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS), patients with hormone receptor–positive/HER2− breast cancer represent a high proportion of patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BrM). Hence, clinical trials should include patients with BrM and evaluate CNS-specific activity of novel systemic therapies when feasible, irrespective of breast cancer subtype. In addition, given that symptomatic BrM are associated with shorter survival, this study suggests that screening programs for the early detection and treatment of breast cancer BrM warrant further investigation in an era of minimally toxic stereotactic radiosurgery.