bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Néel‐Type Elliptical Skyrmions in a Laterally Asymmetric Magnetic Multilayer
Authors: Cui Baoshan , Yu Dongxing , Shao Ziji , Liu Yizhou , Wu Hao , Nan Pengfei , Zhu Zengtai , Wu Chuangwen , Guo Tengyu , Chen Peng , Zhou Heng‐An , Xi Li , Jiang Wanjun , Wang Hao , Liang Shiheng , Du Haifeng , Wang Kang L. , Wang Wenhong , Wu Kehui , Han Xiufeng , Zhang Guangyu , Yang Hongxin , Yu Guoqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions, topological‐chiral spin textures, have potential applications in next‐generation high‐density and energy‐efficient spintronic devices for information storage and logic technologies. Tailoring the detailed spin textures of skyrmions is of pivotal importance for tuning skyrmion dynamics, which is one of the key factors for the design of skyrmionic devices. Here, the direct observation of parallel aligned elliptical magnetic skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ta multilayers with an oblique‐angle deposited Co layer is reported. Domain wall velocity and spin–orbit‐torque‐induced out‐of‐plane effective field analysis demonstrate that the formation of unusual elliptical skyrmions is correlated to the anisotropic effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy density (Keffu) and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in the film plane. Structural analysis and first‐principles calculations further show that the anisotropic Keffu and DMI originate from the interfacial anisotropic strain introduced by the oblique‐angle deposition. The work provides a method to tune the spin textures of skyrmions in magnetic multilayers and, thereby, a new degree of freedom for the design of skyrmionic devices.
Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Ternary Organic Photovoltaics with Efficiency over 18%
Authors: Zhan Lingling , Li Shuixing , Xia Xinxin , Li Yaokai , Lu Xinhui , Zuo Lijian , Shi Minmin , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObtaining a finely tuned morphology of the active layer to facilitate both charge generation and charge extraction has long been the goal in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, a solution to resolve the above challenge via synergistically combining the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) procedure and the ternary strategy is proposed and demonstrated. By adding an asymmetric electron acceptor, BTP‐S2, with lower miscibility to the binary donor:acceptor host of PM6:BO‐4Cl, vertical phase distribution can be formed with donor‐enrichment at the anode and acceptor‐enrichment at the cathode in OPV devices during the LbL processing. In contrast, LbL‐type binary OPVs based on PM6:BO‐4Cl still show bulk‐heterojunction like morphology. The formation of the vertical phase distribution can not only reduce charge recombination but also promote charge collection, thus enhancing the photocurrent and fill factor in LbL‐type ternary OPVs. Consequently, LbL‐type ternary OPVs exhibit the best efficiency of 18.16% (certified: 17.8%), which is among the highest values reported to date for OPVs. The work provides a facile and effective approach for achieving high‐efficiency OPVs with expected morphologies, and demonstrates the LbL‐type ternary strategy as being a promising procedure in fabricating OPV devices from the present laboratory study to future industrial production.
Macrocyclic‐Amphiphile‐Based Self‐Assembled Nanoparticles for Ratiometric Delivery of Therapeutic Combinations to Tumors
Authors: Zhang Zhanzhan , Yue Yu‐Xin , Xu Lina , Wang Ying , Geng Wen‐Chao , Li Juan‐Juan , Kong Xiang‐lei , Zhao Xinzhi , Zheng Yadan , Zhao Yu , Shi Linqi , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCombination chemotherapy refers to the use of multiple drugs to treat cancer. In this therapy, the optimal ratio of the drugs is essential to achieve drug synergism and the desired therapeutic effects. However, most delivery strategies are unable to precisely control the ratio of the drugs during the drug loading and delivery processes, resulting in inefficient synergy and unpredictable efficacy. Herein, a macrocyclic‐amphiphile‐based self‐assembled nanoparticle (MASN) that achieves precise loading and ratiometric delivery of therapeutic combinations is presented. By integrating multiple macrocyclic cavities within a single nanoparticle, the MASN can load multiple drug molecules via the host–guest interaction, and the ratio of the drugs loaded can be predicted with their initial concentrations and characteristic binding affinity. Moreover, MASNs are readily degraded under a hypoxic microenvironment, allowing spontaneous release of the drugs upon reaching tumor tissues. With precise drug loading and controlled release mechanisms, MASNs achieve ratiometric delivery of multiple commercial drugs to tumors, thereby achieving optimal anti‐tumor effects. Since the optimal drug ratio of a therapeutic combination can be quickly determined in vitro, MASNs can translate this optimal ratio to the therapeutic benefits in vivo, providing a potential platform for the rapid development of effective combination cancer therapies involving multiple drugs.
Face‐to‐Face Growth of Wafer‐Scale 2D Semiconducting MOF Films on Dielectric Substrates
Authors: Liu Youxing , Wei Yanan , Liu Minghui , Bai Yichao , Wang Xinyu , Shang Shengcong , Du Changsheng , Gao Wenqiang , Chen Jianyi , Liu Yunqi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe preparation of large‐area 2D conductive metal–organic framework (MOF) films remains highly desirable but challenging. Here, inspired by the capillary phenomenon, a face‐to‐face confinement growth method to grow conductive 2D Cu2(TCPP) (TCPP = meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphine) MOF films on dielectric substrates is developed. Trace amounts of solutions containing low‐concentration Cu2+ and TCPP are pumped cyclically into a micropore interface to produce this growth. The crystal structures are confirmed with various characterization techniques, which include high‐resolution atomic force microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo‐TEM). The Cu2(TCPP) MOF film exhibit an electrical conductivity of ≈0.007 S cm−1, which is approximately four orders of magnitude higher than other carboxylic‐acid‐based MOF materials (10−6 S cm−1). Other wafer‐scale conductive MOF films such as M3(HHTP)2 (M = Cu, Co, and Ni; HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11‐triphenylenehexol) can be produced utilizing this strategy and suggests this method has widescale applicability potential.
Formation of Highly Doped Nanostripes in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via a Dislocation Climb Mechanism
Authors: Lin Yung‐Chang , Karthikeyan Jeyakumar , Chang Yao‐Pang , Li Shisheng , Kretschmer Silvan , Komsa Hannu‐Pekka , Chiu Po‐Wen , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Suenaga Kazu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDoping of materials beyond the dopant solubility limit remains a challenge, especially when spatially nonuniform doping is required. In 2D materials with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, various post‐synthesis approaches to doping have been demonstrated, but full control over spatial distribution of dopants remains a challenge. A post‐growth doping of single layers of WSe2 is performed by adding transition metal (TM) atoms in a two‐step process, which includes annealing followed by deposition of dopants together with Se or S. The Ti, V, Cr, and Fe impurities at W sites are identified by using transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Remarkably, an extremely high density (6.4–15%) of various types of impurity atoms is achieved. The dopants are revealed to be largely confined within nanostripes embedded in the otherwise pristine WSe2. Density functional theory calculations show that the dislocations assist the incorporation of the dopant during their climb and give rise to stripes of TM dopant atoms. This work demonstrates a possible spatially controllable doping strategy to achieve the desired local electronic, magnetic, and optical properties in 2D materials.
Dispersion‐Controlled Gold–Aluminum–Silicon Dioxide–Aluminum Nanopawn Structures for Visible to NIR Light Modulation
Authors: Park Jusung , In Sungjun , Park Namkyoo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs an efficient patterning method for nanostructures, nanocolloidal lithography (NCL) presents a controllable and scalable means for achieving a uniform and good sidewall profile, and a high aspect ratio. While high selectivity between the etching mask and targeted materials is also essential for NCL‐based precision nanophotonic structures, its realization in multi‐material nanophotonic structures still remains a challenge due to the dielectric‐ or metallic‐material‐dependent etching selectivity. Here, dispersion‐controlled Au‐NCL is proposed, which enables high selectivity for Al and SiO2 over a Au nanoparticle (Au‐NP) mask. Utilizing the proposed process, wafer‐scale, uniformly dispersed multi‐material nanopawn structures (Au‐NPs/Al–SiO2 cylinders) on an Al ultrathin film are realized, obtaining excellent vertical sidewall (≈90°) and aspect ratio (>1). The high sidewall verticality and aspect ratio of the nanopawn structures support optical modes highly sensitive to the excitation direction of incident waves through the mixing of the interface‐gap‐assisted localized surface plasmons (GLSPs) formed in between the Au‐NP and Al‐disk interface, and plasmonic Fabry–Pérot (FP) modes formed in between the Al‐disk and Al substrate; complementary spectral responses between reflected and scattered light are also demonstrated. As an application example, information encryption based on the triple‐channel (i.e., reflection, scattering, and transmission) angle‐dependent complementary‐color responses is presented.
Photoalignment in Polysiloxane Liquid‐Crystalline Elastomers with Rearrangeable Networks
Authors: Ube Toru , Tsunoda Haruna , Kawasaki Kyohei , Ikeda Tomiki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolecular alignment in liquid‐crystalline elastomers with polysiloxane backbone is controlled with the aid of photoalignment and exchangeable links to enhance performance as photoactuators. The photoalignment is triggered bytrans‐cis‐transisomerization of azobenzene moieties, which are introduced at crosslinking points, upon irradiation with linearly polarized UV (LPUV) light under heating. The induced alignment is memorized by rearrangement of network structures through exchange reactions of covalent bonds. When irradiated with LPUV light, freestanding films show bending along with the alignment change in surface regions. Macroscopic shapes are also rememorized by exchange reactions at crosslinks. Combination of photoalignment and network rearrangement allows continuous deformation of freestanding films upon exposure to LPUV light with varying polarization directions. This approach enhances the degree of freedom in alignment control, photoactuation, and reshaping of polysiloxane‐based liquid‐crystalline elastomers, which are feasible as soft actuators.
Mediated Growth of Carbon Nitride Films via Spray‐Coated Seeding Layers for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Tashakory Ayelet , Karjule Neeta , Abisdris Liel , Volokh Michael , Shalom Menny 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymeric carbon nitride (CN) has emerged as a promising semiconductor in photoelectrochemical devices, thanks to its unique electronic and catalytic properties, low price, stability in various chemical environments, and benign nature. Decent progress in the deposition and growth of CN layers on substrates has been achieved using several deposition and growth methods; however, the properties of the layer, including the quality of its contact with the substrate and its structural properties, are still largely dependent on the surface properties of said substrate. Here, a new approach is introduced in which a spray‐coated seeding layer composed of CN monomers directs the growth of a homogenous, thick CN layer on a substrate by calcination at high temperature in the presence of melamine vapor. Uniform CN layers with strong adhesion to the substrate are obtained. The influence of the seeding layer and the vapor composition on the photoelectrochemical, optical, and structural properties is studied in detail. The best‐performing electrode, based on urea as the seeding layer, demonstrates good activity as a photoanode in photoelectrochemical cells, reaching up to 300 µA cm−2 in the presence of a hole scavenger.
A Highly Strained Phase in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Films with Enhanced Ferroelectric Properties
Authors: Huang Chuanwei , Liao Zhaolong , Li Mingqiang , Guan Changxin , Jin Fei , Ye Mao , Zeng Xierong , Zhang Tianjin , Chen Zuhuang , Qi Yajun , Gao Peng , Chen Lang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough epitaxial strain imparted by lattice mismatch between a film and the underlying substrate has led to distinct structures and emergent functionalities, the discrete lattice parameters of limited substrates, combined with strain relaxations driven by film thickness, result in severe obstructions to subtly regulate electro‐elastic coupling properties in perovskite ferroelectric films. Here a practical and universal method to achieve highly strained phases with large tetragonal distortions in Pb‐based ferroelectric films through synergetic effects of moderately (≈1.0%) misfit strains and laser fluences during pulsed laser deposition process is demonstrated. The phase possesses unexpectedly large Poisson's ratio and negative thermal expansion, and concomitant enhancements of spontaneous polarization (≈100 µC cm−2) and Curie temperature (≈800 °C), 40% and 75% larger than that of bulk counterparts, respectively. This strategy efficiently circumvents the long‐standing issue of limited numbers of discrete substrates and enables continuous regulations of exploitable lattice states in functional oxide films with tightly elastic coupled performances beyond their present levels.
High‐Performance Full‐Photolithographic Top‐Contact Conformable Organic Transistors for Soft Electronics
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Shuya , Ni Yanping , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrganic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) are identified to be the most promising candidate for next‐generation wearable and implantable electronics because of their unique advantages including their flexibility, low cost, long‐term biocompatibility, and simple packaging. However, commercialization of organic transistors remains an enormous challenge due to their low mobility and lack of scalable strategy for high‐precise soft devices. Here, a novel photolithography fabrication strategy is proposed, which is completely compatible with various commercial organic semiconductor materials, for the first demonstration of the fully photolithographic top‐contact conformable OTFTs with the device density as high as 1523 transistors cm−2. Excellent electrical and mechanical properties with device yield as high as 100%, field‐effect mobility up to 1–2 cm2 V−1 s−1, and outstanding conformability are shown. This work provides a new strategy that can fully maximize the advantages of organic materials and photolithography technology, showing a great prospect in the development of high‐performance, high‐precise organic devices toward the commercialized and industrialized soft electronic products.
Boosting Reversibility of Mn‐Based Tunnel‐Structured Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries by Magnesium Substitution
Authors: Li Xun‐Lu , Bao Jian , Li Yi‐Fan , Chen Dong , Ma Cui , Qiu Qi‐Qi , Yue Xin‐Yang , Wang Qin‐Chao , Zhou Yong‐Ning 
Published: February 2021

AbstractElectrochemical irreversibility and sluggish mobility of Na+ in the cathode materials result in poor cycle stability and rate capability for sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, a new strategy of introducing Mg ions into the hinging sites of Mn‐based tunnel‐structured cathode material is designed. Highly reversible electrochemical reaction and phase transition in this cathode are realized. The resulted Na0.44Mn0.95Mg0.05O2 with Mg2+ in the hinging Mn‐O5 square pyramidal exhibits promising cycle stability and rate capability. At a current density of 2 C, 67% of the initial discharge capacity is retained after 800 cycles (70% at 20 C), much improved than the undoped Na0.44MnO2. The improvement is attribute to the enhanced Na+ diffusion kinetics and the lowered desodiation energy after Mg doping. Highly reversible charge compensation and structure evolution are proved by synchrotron‐based X‐ray techniques. Differential charge density and atom population analysis of the average electron number of Mn indicate that Na0.44Mn0.95Mg0.05O2 is more electron‐abundant in Mn 3d orbits near the Fermi level than that in Na0.44MnO2, leading to higher redox participation of Mn ions.
Oxygen Evolution Catalysts at Transition Metal Oxide Photoanodes: Their Differing Roles for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Jifang , Cui Junyi , Eslava Salvador 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production, dedicated efforts have recently been made to improve water oxidation at photoanodes, and in particular, to accelerate the poor kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction which is a key step in achieving a viable photocurrent density for industrialization. To this end, coating the photoanode semiconductors with oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) has been one of the most popular options. The roles of OECs have been found to be multifold, as opposed to exclusively catalytic. This review aims to unravel the complexity of the interfacial processes arising from the material properties of both semiconductors and OECs, and to rationalize the variation in findings in the literature regarding the roles of OECs. Light is also shed on some of the most useful characterization techniques that probe the dynamics of photogenerated holes, to answer some of the field's most challenging mechanistic questions. Finally, some ideas and suggestions on the design principles of OECs are proposed.
High Efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells with Shallow LiZn Acceptor Defects Enabled by Solution‐Based Li Post‐Deposition Treatment
Authors: He Mingrui , Zhang Xian , Huang Jialiang , Li Jianjun , Yan Chang , Kim Jihun , Chen Yi‐Sheng , Yang Limei , Cairney Julie M. , Zhang Yu , Chen Shiyou , Kim Jinhyeok , Green Martin A. , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLithium incorporation in kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) materials has been experimentally proven effective in improving electronic quality for application in photovoltaic devices. Herein, a feasible and effective solution‐based lithium post‐deposition treatment (PDT), enabling further efficiency improvement on the high‐performance baseline is reported and the dominant mechanism for this improvement is proposed. In this way, lithium is uniformly incorporated into grain interiors (GIs) without segregation at grain boundaries (GBs), which can occupy the Zn sites with a high solubility in the CZTSSe matrix, producing high density of LiZn antisites with shallower acceptor levels than the intrinsic dominant defect (CuZn antisites). As a result, CZTSSe absorber with better p‐type doping is obtained, leading to a pronounced enhancement in fill factor and a corresponding gain in open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current and consequently a significant efficiency boost from 9.3% to 10.7%. This work provides a feasible alternative alkali‐PDT treatment for chalcogenide semiconductors and promotes a better understanding of the mechanism of Li incorporation in kesterite materials.
Temple syndrome resulting from uniparental disomy is undiagnosed by a methylation assay due to low‐level mosaicism for trisomy 14
Authors: Lindgren Valerie , Cobian Katherine , Bhat Gifty 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe describe a patient with Temple syndrome resulting from maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 who also has low‐level mosaicism for trisomy 14. UPD was initially suspected when SNP microarray analysis detected a large region of homozygosity on chromosome 14 and the patient's clinical features were consistent with the phenotype of upd(14)mat. However, SNP arrays cannot prove UPD, as homozygosity may also result from identity by descent. Methylation assays diagnose imprinting disorders such as Prader–Willi, Angelman and Temple syndromes; they detect methylation defects that occur in imprinted loci, which have parent‐of‐origin‐specific expression and have the advantage of making a diagnosis without parental samples. However, in this patient methylation analysis using endpoint PCR detected biparental inheritance. Therefore, sequencing analysis was performed and diagnosed upd(14)mat. Re‐examination of the microarray suggested that the explanation for the discrepancy between the array and methylation testing was low‐level mosaicism for trisomy 14 and fluorescence in situ hybridization testing detected a trisomic cell line. Thus, this patient's Temple syndrome is a result of a maternal M1 error, which gave a trisomic zygote, followed by loss of the paternal chromosome 14 in an early mitotic division to give maternal UPD with low‐level mosaicism for trisomy 14. The methylation assay detected the paternal allele in the trisomic line. The diagnostic failure of the methylation assay in this patient highlights a significant shortcoming of methylation endpoint analysis, especially for Temple syndrome, and underscores the need to use other methods in cases with mosaicism.
Iron(III)‐BPsalan Complex Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Dearomative Chlorination of 2‐Hydroxy‐1‐naphthoates
Authors: Zhou Yi‐Ming , Ping Yuan‐Ji , Xu Zhen‐Jiang , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA practical, efficient Fe(III)‐BPsalan complex catalyzed asymmetric dearomative chlorination reaction of 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthoates derivatives (22 examples) was developed. With readily available Fe(III)‐BPsalan complex as catalyst at 5 mol% catalyst loading, various 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthoates derivatives bearing different substituents were efficiently chlorinated to afford chiral naphthalenones bearing a Cl‐containing all‐substituted stereocenter in high yields and with good to excellent enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. The reaction could be conducted at gram scale with the high efficiency and selectivity retained. In addition, the reaction could be extended to asymmetric dearomative bromination to afford the corresponding brominated product in 87% yield and 76% ee.
NHC‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of α,β‐unsaturated Aldehydes with Benzyl Ketones: Direct Access to 4,5,6‐Trisubstituted Dihydropyranones
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Yong , Liu Qingling , Wang Kai‐Kai , Liu Menghan , Han Yafei , Sun Aili , Ma Xueji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel and efficient access to polysubstituted dihydropyranones was developed by N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyzed annulation reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and benzyl ketones under oxidative conditions. Various α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with long‐chain aliphatic and aromatic substitution groups were compatible in this transformation, giving the corresponding products in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. This strategy features simple and readily available materials and mild reaction conditions and provides a green and practical method for the rapid synthesis of functionalized dihydropyranones.