bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: Chittagong Port and aftermath
Authors: Mannan Samsul , Shaheen Md. Mostafa Aziz , Saha Rana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAfter first unveiled in China, by March 2020, the wide spreading episode of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) spread over Europe and the rest of the world. Besides the public health crisis, not only the Chinese economy but also the global economy as well as the supply chain faced a significant slowdown. Port is not apart from this. Chittagong Port is considered the economic nerve of Bangladesh. A significant segment of export-import moved through Chittagong Port. Like the entire globe, the outbreak of coronavirus affects the country’s prime seaport adversely. This study examines the issues concerning port operation. This study has a qualitative approach that depended on data collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected from field surveys using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with government agencies, policymakers, researchers, businessmen, port users and entrepreneurs. Secondary data were sourced from different policy documents, scholarly articles, reports and the internet. This study provides an overview of COVID-19 impacts on the port and shipping activities in Chittagong Port, which include impacts on port of call, warehouse and distribution activities, hinterland connections and port employees. Therefore, this study discussed those issues to date, identify impacts and authority response to address the impacts. Finally, this study put forward strategies for their mitigation.
An integrated decision-making COPRAS approach to probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set information
Authors: Krishankumar R. , Garg Harish , Arun Karthik , Saha Abhijit , Ravichandran K. S. , Kar Samarjit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper aims to present an integrated approach to solve the decision-making problem under the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information (PHFI) features, which is an extension of the hesitant fuzzy set. The considered PHFI not only allows multiple opinions, but also associates occurrence probability to each opinion, which increases the reliability of the information. Motivated by these features of PHFI, an approach is presented to solve the decision problem with partial known information about the attribute and expert weights. In addition, an algorithm for finding some missing values in the preference information is presented and stated their properties. Afterward, the Hamy mean operator has been used to aggregate the different collective information into a single one. Also, we presented a COPRAS method to the PHFI for ranking the given alternatives. The presented algorithm has been demonstrated through a case study of cloud vendor selection and its validity has been revealed by comparing the approach results with the several existing algorithm results.
Ästhetischer Dünger
Authors: Hoffmann Torsten 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Neue Rechte betreibt seit 2000 eine umfangreiche Literaturpolitik. Aktionen im Literaturbetrieb, eigene Publikationen sowie ein expandierender Literaturjournalismus (der neben Büchern und Zeitschriften auch Internetblogs, Podcasts und Videos umfasst) werden mit zunehmendem Geschick und Erfolg dazu genutzt, neurechte Ideologien im Kulturbetrieb zu verankern. Dies zeigte sich u.a. in der 2020 um die Schriftstellerin Monika Maron geführten Debatte, die der Aufsatz zum Ausgangspunkt nimmt, um die wichtigsten metapolitischen Strategien neurechter Literaturpolitik vorzustellen: eine Veränderung des Lektürekanons, eine politische Funktionalisierung von Ästhetik und ästhetischer Erziehung sowie literaturbetriebliche Aktionen. Abschließend wird am Streit um den Debutroman von Simon Strauß diskutiert, wie sich angemessen (auch literaturwissenschaftlich) auf neurechte Literaturpolitik reagieren lässt.
Zur Kompatibilität von Maßsystemen der Akustik und zu den Wirkungen von Energie-äquivalenten, zum Gehör jedoch mehr oder weniger kompatiblen Schallbelastungen
Authors: Irle Hartmut , Strasser Helmut 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Stärke von Schallbelastungen wird bekanntlich durch den Pegel L mit einem logarithmischen Maß angegeben. Dieses, formal richtig nach dem Weber-Fechner’schen Gesetz aufgebaute Maßstabs-System der Lautstärke in dB (Dezibel) ist allerdings alles andere als empfindungsgerecht und damit inkompatibel zum Gehör. Das zeigt sich z. B. daran, dass ein Pegel von 100 Dezibel (dB) nicht lediglich doppelt so laut empfunden wird wie ein Pegel von 50 dB. Ein solcher Messwert repräsentiert sogar das „100.000-fache“ von 50 dB, und damit eine unvorstellbar höhere Belastung. Selbst in einer nur um 3 dB höheren Belastung steckt bereits die doppelte Energie bzw. Belastung für das Gehör. Weil eben nicht das Weber-Fechner’sche Gesetz, sondern das Stevens’sche Potenz-Gesetz erwiesenermaßen Gültigkeit besitzt, sollte bei der Einstufung der Stärke von Schallbelastungen zumindest das einigermaßen empfindungsgerechte Maßstabs-System der Lautheit mit der Einheit „Sone“ Verwendung finden. Eine Zunahme des Pegels um 10 dB, die erfahrungsgemäß mit einer gefühlten Verdopplung des „Empfindens“ verbunden wird, führt dabei auch zu einer Verdopplung des Sone-Wertes. Das Benutzen des allseits bekannten „dB“ schafft nicht selten Verwirrung und führt oftmals zu gravierenden Fehleinschätzungen. In graphischen Darstellungen werden das inkompatible Maßsystem der Lautstärke und das zum menschlichen Gehör eher kompatible Maßsystem der Lautheit in „Sone“ konkretisiert und veranschaulicht. Dabei werden auch erhebliche Diskrepanzen bei der Beurteilung von Schallexpositionen aufgezeigt, die bei unterschiedlicher Höhe und Einwirkdauer mittels des Halbierungsparameters q = 3 als gleich hoch eingeschätzt werden. Auszugsweise dargestellte Ergebnisse aus umfangreichen audiometrischen Untersuchungen belegen, dass energie-äquivalente, aber zeitlich unterschiedlich verteilte Schallbelastungen von in der Arbeit noch zulässigen 85 dB(A)/8 h höchst unterschiedlich starke zeitweilige Hörschellenverschiebungen (Temporary Threshold Shifts, TTS-Werte) verursachen. Ferner wird veranschaulicht, dass auch gleich starke moderne Musikschallbelastungen von 94 dB/1 h bei otologisch normalen Probanden zu audiometrisch messbaren, ähnlich hohen Hörschwellenverschiebungen wie Industrielärm führen. Das gilt z. B. für „Heavy Metal“, „Techno“ oder auch „House Music“. Besteht die gleich starke und genauso lang anhaltende akustische Belastung jedoch z. B. aus „Klassischer Musik“, so kommt es allenfalls zu „Physiologischen Kosten“ in der Größenordnung von ca. ¼ dessen, was zum menschlichen Gehör inkompatible akustische Belastungen verursachen. Daraus ist zu folgern, dass das Gehör nach dem Motto „Der Ton macht die Musik“ mit sinusförmigen akustischen Belastungen eher „klar kommt“ (dazu kompatibel ist) als mit stochastischen und u. U. impulshaltigen Schallereignissen, wie sie durch Metall-auf Metall-Schläge auftreten oder bei Maschinengeräuschen in der Metallverarbeitung vorkommen.
Uncertainty and heuristics for underactuated hands: grasp pose selection based on the ppotential grasp robustness metric
Authors: Almeida Luís , Moreno Plinio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Potential Grasp Robustness (PGR) metric considers different states of the contact points, relaxing the requirement of all points being far from the friction cone boundary. The addition of new states for each contact point increases the computational complexity, which is combinatorial on the number of states and takes a long time for grasping configurations with large number of hand-object contacts. In this work we analyse the computational complexity of two recently proposed heuristics, which consider that: (i) the minimum number of contact points needed could be in two states and (ii) an analysis of grasp contact data provides the most common combinations of contact points that lead to an accurate estimation of PGR. For selecting grasp configurations, the PGR computation approach is not robust because assumes that measured forces at the contact points do not have uncertainty. In addition to the heuristics, we propose a new uncertainty based metric, the coefficient of variation of PGR. The grasp selection experiments show that the coefficient of variation provides similar results to the pose variation metric. The grasp selection that uses the uncertainty based computation of PGR find more stable contact points than the maximization of the conventional PGR.

Article highlights

Development of new heuristics for computation of
grasp metrics of underactuated hands.

Definition of uncertainty-based metrics for grasp se-
lection

Reduction of reality gap for physics-based grasping
metrics of underactuated hands
Normen als Ordnungsrahmen der Friedensmediation
Authors: Holper Anne , Kirchhoff Lars , Würkert Felix 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie gestiegenen normativen Ansprüche an Friedensmediation werden von Praktiker*innen bisweilen als verwirrend und einengend wahrgenommen. Bei genauer Betrachtung der Normen und der darin formulierten Verhaltenserwartungen lassen sich diese jedoch präzise definieren und bieten weitaus mehr Spielraum als vermutet. Mehr noch, sie lassen sich in der Vermittlungspraxis als wertvolles Orientierungssystem nutzen, mit dem im Idealfall verhindert werden kann, dass Friedensprozesse und -vereinbarungen scheitern, schaden oder rechtlich nichtig sind. An einigen Stellen steht allerdings noch eine dezidierte Übersetzung dieses Wissens in die praktische Handlungslogik und faktischen Abläufe von Friedensprozessen sowie eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise aus, mit der sich die zentralen normativen Dilemmata handhaben lassen, die der Friedensmediation inhärent sind.
Fetal neuroaxonal dystrophy: a further etiology of fetal akinesia
Authors: Fallet-Bianco C , Hargitai B , Bonasoni P , Guimiot F , Yacoubi MT 
Published: May 2021

Neuroaxonal Dystrophies (NAD) are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by axonal “spheroids” occurring in different age groups. The identification of mutations delineated new molecular entities in these disorders. We report neuropathological data of a new form of NAD, characterized by a precocious prenatal onset, different from classical and conatal Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (INAD).We studied 5 fetuses examined after pregnancy termination and 2 term neonates deceased just after birth, 4/7 born from consanguineous parents. All subjects presented severe fetal akinesia sequence with microcephaly. In 4/7 cases, a molecular study was performed. In all cases, “spheroids” with typical immunohistochemical features were identified, with variable spreading in the central and peripheral nervous system. Basal ganglia, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord involvement was constant. Associated CNS malformations, unusual in INAD, were associated including hydrocephalus (2), callosal agenesis/hypoplasia (2), olfactory agenesis (1), cortical (3) and retinal (1) anomalies. None of the cases demonstrated mutations in PLA2G6, found in INAD. The clinical and neuropathological features of these fetal cases are different from those of “classical” INAD. The absence of mutations in PLA2G6, in addition, suggests that the fetal NAD is a new entity, distinct from INAD, with different molecular basis. Associated malformations suggest a wide phenotypic spectrum and probable genetic heterogeneity. Finally, fetal NAD is an additional etiology of fetal akinesia.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:Diagnose this rare form of neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) occurring precociously, in the fetal life, as soon as the second trimester, different from the infantile form of NAD.
1.Describe the phenotypic spectrum of this fetal NAD; fetal akinesia sequence, microcephaly and various brain malformations, different from the “classical” and conatal forms of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.2.Consider this etiology in the diagnosis of fetal akinesia sequence.
The tissue proteome of dorsal root ganglia in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Koeppen AH , Travis AM , Qian J , Mazurkiewicz JE , Gelman BB , Pelech S , Sutter C 
Published: May 2021

Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at all levels of the spinal cord are a prominent target of Friedreich ataxia (FA). The lesions include hypoplasia of neurons, proliferation of satellite cells, infiltration by IBA- 1-reactive monocytes, and formation of residual nodules. Paucity and smallness of DRG neurons account for the lack of large myelinated axons in dorsal roots and sensory peripheral nerves. The lack of myelin in dorsal roots can be attributed to low levels of neuregulin 1 type III (NRG1[III]). Lysates of 13 DRG of genetically confirmed FA patients were analyzed by antibody microarray with 878 different validated antibodies that target structural and signaling proteins, and by Western blots. KIT and mTOR, two proteins involved in cellular proliferation, were significantly upregulated in the DRG of FA. KIT is a transmembrane receptor that dimerizes when it binds two molecules of stem cell factor (SCF) in its extracellular domain and becomes activated as protein tyrosine kinase. Immunohistochemistry with anti-KIT generated reaction product in satellite cells of normal DRG and prominent labeling of these cells in FA that co-localized with SCF on double- label immunofluorescence; SCF was present in S100-positive satellite cells rather than monocytes. Immunohistochemical reaction product of mTOR and other mTOR complex proteins, such as hamartin (TSC1), tuberin (TSC2), raptor (mTOR complex 1) and rictor (mTOR complex 2) was also present in satellite cells of normal DRG and DRG of FA. Antibodies to two downstream proteins that are considered to be indicators of mTOR activity, P70 S6K and 4E-binding protein 1, revealed no reaction product in DRG of FA. TSC1, TSC2, and mTOR are best known from their roles in tuberous sclerosis, but expression of these proteins, and KIT, in DRG may contribute to signaling cascades underlying the proliferation of satellite cells in FA.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:
1.Discuss cellular proliferation in the pathogenesis of the DRG lesion in Friedreich ataxiaCONFLICT OF INTERESTAHK is a consultant to PTC Therapeutics of South Plainfield, NJ USA. SP and CS are majority owners of Kinexus.
Lyapunov exponent of random dynamical systems on the circle
Authors: MALICET DOMINIQUE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider products of an independent and identically distributed sequence in a set
$\{f_1,\ldots ,f_m\}$
of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of the circle. We can naturally associate a Lyapunov exponent
$\lambda $
. Under few assumptions, it is known that
$\lambda \leq 0$
and that the equality holds if and only if
$f_1,\ldots ,f_m$
are simultaneously conjugated to rotations. In this paper, we state a quantitative version of this fact in the case where
$f_1,\ldots ,f_m$
are
$C^k$
perturbations of rotations with rotation numbers
$\rho (f_1),\ldots ,\rho (f_m)$
satisfying a simultaneous diophantine condition in the sense of Moser [On commuting circle mappings and simultaneous diophantine approximations. Math. Z.205(1) (1990), 105–121]: we give a precise estimate of
$\lambda $
(Taylor expansion) and we prove that there exist a diffeomorphism g and rotations
$r_i$
such that
$\mbox {dist}(gf_ig^{-1},r_i)\ll |\lambda |^{{1}/{2}}$
for
$i=1,\ldots , m$
. We also state analogous results for random products of
$2\times 2$
matrices, without any diophantine condition.
Flexibility of Lyapunov exponents with respect to two classes of measures on the torus
Authors: ERCHENKO ALENA 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider a smooth area-preserving Anosov diffeomorphism
$f\colon \mathbb T^2\rightarrow \mathbb T^2$
homotopic to an Anosov automorphism L of
$\mathbb T^2$
. It is known that the positive Lyapunov exponent of f with respect to the normalized Lebesgue measure is less than or equal to the topological entropy of L, which, in addition, is less than or equal to the Lyapunov exponent of f with respect to the probability measure of maximal entropy. Moreover, the equalities only occur simultaneously. We show that these are the only restrictions on these two dynamical invariants.
Inverse problems and rigidity questions in billiard dynamics
Authors: KALOSHIN VADIM , SORRENTINO ALFONSO 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA Birkhoff billiard is a system describing the inertial motion of a point mass inside a strictly convex planar domain, with elastic reflections at the boundary. The study of the associated dynamics is profoundly intertwined with the geometric properties of the domain: while it is evident how the shape determines the dynamics, a more subtle and difficult question is the extent to which the knowledge of the dynamics allows one to reconstruct the shape of the domain. This translates into many intriguing inverse problems and unanswered rigidity questions, which have been the focus of very active research in recent decades. In this paper we describe some of these questions, along with their connection to other problems in analysis and geometry, with particular emphasis on recent results obtained by the authors and their collaborators.
Changes in the nutritional content of children's lunches after the Food Dudes healthy eating programme
Authors: Marcano-Olivier Mariel , Sallaway-Costello Jake , McWilliams Lorna , Horne Pauline J. , Viktor Simon , Erjavec Mihela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previous research into the effectiveness of healthy eating programmes has shown increases in healthful eating behaviour in primary schools; however, data collection methods have not been sufficiently sensitive to detect micronutrient changes. The present study extends the literature by measuring individual children's intake of macro- and micronutrients at lunchtime, before and after a programme targeting children's consumption of fruit and vegetables, to identify evidence-based health benefits of programme participation. Baseline data were collected over 4 d at lunchtime in two primary schools. The Food Dudes programme was then implemented in the intervention school. Follow-up data were collected over 4 d in each school 2 months after baseline. We employed a validated and sensitive photographic method to estimate individual children's (N 112) consumption of fruit, vegetables, and their intake of calories, macro- and selected micronutrients. Significant changes were observed in the intervention school but not in the control school: Children's consumption of fruit, vegetables, vitamin C and E intake increased, while their total energy consumption, fat, saturated fat, and sodium intake decreased. The present results show that the Food Dudes programme produced a positive nutritional change, with implications for its application as a healthy eating and obesity prevention intervention. These optimistic conclusions should be tested by further research to establish the longevity of the positive effects presented here.
Assurance monitoring of learning-enabled cyber-physical systems using inductive conformal prediction based on distance learning
Authors: Boursinos Dimitrios , Koutsoukos Xenofon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMachine learning components such as deep neural networks are used extensively in cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, such components may introduce new types of hazards that can have disastrous consequences and need to be addressed for engineering trustworthy systems. Although deep neural networks offer advanced capabilities, they must be complemented by engineering methods and practices that allow effective integration in CPS. In this paper, we proposed an approach for assurance monitoring of learning-enabled CPS based on the conformal prediction framework. In order to allow real-time assurance monitoring, the approach employs distance learning to transform high-dimensional inputs into lower size embedding representations. By leveraging conformal prediction, the approach provides well-calibrated confidence and ensures a bounded small error rate while limiting the number of inputs for which an accurate prediction cannot be made. We demonstrate the approach using three datasets of mobile robot following a wall, speaker recognition, and traffic sign recognition. The experimental results demonstrate that the error rates are well-calibrated while the number of alarms is very small. Furthermore, the method is computationally efficient and allows real-time assurance monitoring of CPS.
Surgical repair of discontinuous right pulmonary artery utilising an autologous main pulmonary artery flap: a case report and literature review
Authors: El Sherif Nibras , Cetta Frank , Stephens Elizabeth H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis is a case of an infant with unilateral discontinuous right pulmonary artery. Cardiac catheterisation with pulmonary wedge injection diagnosed the anomaly and aided in surgical planning. The patient underwent semi-autologous surgical repair utilising an autologous main pulmonary artery flap. One month following discharge, he underwent successful balloon dilation of the residual stenosis and was discharged the same day.
Screening of polymorphic microsatellite markers from the whole-genome sequences of nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.)
Authors: Mantiquilla Junaldo A. , Elumba Merlene E. , Shiao Meng-Shin , Chiang Yu-Chung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.), aside from being part of the mangrove forest ecosystem that has been under assault at an alarming rate, lacks information on its genetic variation at the population level for conservation planning purposes. Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are molecular markers employed to detect genetic variations in population studies. Here, the primers for this palm were identified through whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina® Sequencing Technology platform. Over half (52.4%) of SSRs consisted of mononucleotide repeats, whereas the remainder mostly consisted of dinucleotide (22.7%) and trinucleotide (22.4%) repeats. The frequencies of longer repeats (tetranucleotides, pentanucleotides and hexanucleotides) were exceptionally rare (2.5%). At least 18 out of 75 genomic loci were polymorphic, based on 37 randomly selected samples assayed for screening. Polymorphic loci (P) reached a mean of 72% across the Indo-West Pacific region. Estimates of genetic diversity showed a lower mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) (0.195) than expected (He) (0.316), suggesting evolutionary forces were acting across nipa populations. The fixation (F) index (0.388) supported this result, which indicates considerable genetic differentiation among populations in the region. An average of 2.111 alleles (Na) was obtained. In conclusion, these microsatellite markers are promising tools for genetic evaluation of nipa populations to facilitate characterization of this species in its distribution range.
Fragile Heterosexuality
Authors: West Keon , Borras-Guevara Martha Lucia , Morton Thomas , Greenland Katy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Previous research demonstrates that membership of majority groups is often perceived as more fragile than membership of minority groups. Four studies ( N1 = 90, N2 = 247, N3 = 500, N4 = 1,176) investigated whether this was the case for heterosexual identity, relative to gay identity. Support for fragile heterosexuality was found using various methods: sexual orientation perceptions of a target who engaged in incongruent behavior, free-responses concerning behaviors required to change someone’s mind about a target’s sexual orientation, agreement with statements about men/women’s sexual orientation, and agreement with gender-neutral statements about sexual orientation. Neither participant nor target gender eliminated or reversed this effect. Additionally, we investigated multiple explanations (moderators) of the perceived difference in fragility between heterosexual identity and gay identity and found that higher estimates of the gay/lesbian population decreased the difference between the (higher) perceived fragility of heterosexual identity and the (lower) perceived fragility of gay identity.