bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of reminiscence on cognitive impairment and depression in haemodialysis patients
Authors: Ameri Neda , Nobahar Monir , Ghorbani Raheb , Bazghalee Milad , Sotodeh‐Asl Nemath , Babamohamadi Hassan 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundCognitive impairment and depression are common problems in haemodialysis patients.AimThe present study was carried out to determine the impact of reminiscence on cognitive impairment and depression in haemodialysis patients.DesignThis clinical trial (2016) was conducted with a pretest–posttest design on the haemodialysis patients of hospitals in Shahrud, Iran.Participants and MeasurementsBlock random sampling was used to investigate the patients' cognitive status and Beck's Depression Scale were administered among 75 patients divided into intervention (given 12 sessions of Stinson's group reminiscence), control (group discussions), and sham (without any intervention) groups before, immediately and 30 days after the intervention.ResultsImmediately and 30 days after the intervention, the cognitive score was significantly higher in the reminiscence group than the control (p < 0.001) and sham (p < 0.001) groups. Immediately after the intervention, the depression score was significantly lower in the reminiscence group than the control (p = 0.011) and sham (p < 0.001) groups. Also, immediately and 30 days after the intervention, the depression score was significantly lower in the reminiscence group than the control (p = 0.031) and sham (p < 0.001) groups.ConclusionsThe findings showed that reminiscence increased the cognitive health score and improved depression in haemodialysis patients. Therefore, reminiscence protocols can be utilized as an independent routine nursing care measure for improving cognitive status and depression in haemodialysis patients.
Rethinking race and place: The role of persona in sound change reversal
Authors: King Sharese 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile sociolinguists defined the regional sound changes around the linguistic behavior of White speakers, recent work has shown that racialized speakers employ local sound changes in socially meaningful ways. Advocating for an approach which places race and races place, this work views racialized speakers as authentic locals, situating their linguistic behavior in the context of their communities. Using the theoretic model of the persona, I examine how race and place are co‐constituted in Rochester, NY. Specifically, this paper examines how BAT lowering and retraction among younger speakers is led by the Mobile Black Professional, an emergent persona defined by their desire to relocate for work in a post‐industrial economy. This investigation prompts the field to reconsider the a priori exclusion of ‘ethnic’ speakers from studies of local sound change advancement and reversal.
Caesarean delivery is associated with an absolute increase in the prevalence of overweight in the offspring: The SENDO project
Authors: Moreno‐Galarraga Laura , Romanos Nanclares Andrea , García‐Blanco Lorena , Esteve Cornejo Cristina , Domingo Cardenal Borja , Martínez‐González Miguel A , Martín‐Calvo Nerea 
Published: January 2021

AimThe association between caesarean delivery and the risk of overweight/obesity in the offspring has been previously reported using conventional measures of association (relative risks or odds ratios). We aimed at refining the existing evidence by calculating the marginal effect of the exposure and estimating the unmeasured residual confounding.MethodsIn the ‘SEguimiento del Niño para un Desarrollo Óptimo’ Project, a dynamic multipurpose paediatric cohort study, we collected information from parents through self‐administered online questionnaires. We estimated the offspring's risk of overweight/obesity at age 4–6 years, associated with the type of delivery through marginal effect of the exposure. Unmeasured residual confounding was assessed using the E‐value.ResultsAmong 407 participants (mean‐age: 5.0 years (standard deviation: 0.9)), 86 (21.1%) were born by caesarean delivery. Children born by caesarean delivery had higher odds of overweight/obesity than those born vaginally. Subgroup analyses showed similar results. The multivariable adjusted marginal effect showed that caesarean delivery was associated with an 8.0% (95% confidence interval: 0.2–15.7) absolute increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity. The estimated residual confounding showed an E‐value of 4.03, higher than the OR obtained for all the confounding factors we accounted for.ConclusionsCaesarean delivery was associated with an 8% absolute increase in the risk of overweight/obesity that is very unlikely explained by residual confounding.
The Divide Between Inclusive Education Policy and Practice in Australia and the Way Forward
Authors: Mavropoulou Sofia , Mann Glenys , Carrington Suzanne 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAustralia's national legislation and policy have affirmed the right of children with disability, including developmental disabilities to inclusive education. Yet, policy reviews and empirical research have raised concerns about the misalignment between inclusive policy and practice across Australian states. Drawing from these sources, this article endeavors to reflect upon the divide between the Australian policy on inclusive education and inclusive practice by considering the advances, obstacles, and challenges in achieving systemic inclusive education in the Australian education context. In the last part, we offer four propositions that could close the gap between policy and practice and enable students with developmental disabilities to have access and be successful learners in their local mainstream school.
Antioxidants protect against gingival overgrowth induced by cyclosporine A
Authors: Chin Yu‐Tang , Tu Hsiao‐Pei , Lin Chi‐Yu , Kuo Po‐Jan , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Liu Shao‐Hsien , Lee Sheng‐Yang , Fu Earl 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on developing gingival overgrowth (GO) and then introduced the antioxidant strategy to prevent, or even reduce GO.BackgroundGingival overgrowth is a common side effect of the patients receiving cyclosporine A (CsA), an immune suppressant. Although it has been broadly investigated, the exact pathogenesis of the induced GO is still uncertain.MethodsWe cultured human primary gingival fibroblasts and used animal model of GO to investigate the ameliorative effects of antioxidants on CsA‐induced GO. To examine the CsA‐induced oxidative stress, associated genes and protein expression, and the overgrown gingiva of rats by using immunocytochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, real‐time PCR, ELISA, gelatin zymography, gingival morphological, and immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsWe found for the first time that ROS was responsible for the CsA‐induced oxidative stress and TGF‐β1 expression in human primary gingival fibroblasts, as well as the GO of rats. The antioxidants (oxidative scavenger of vitamin E and an antioxidative enzyme inducer of hemin) ameliorated CsA‐induced pathological and morphological alterations of GO without affected the CsA‐suppressed il‐2 expression in rats. CsA‐induced oxidative stress, HO‐1, TGF‐β1, and type II EMT were also rescued by antioxidants treatment.ConclusionsWe concluded that CsA repetitively stimulating the production of ROS is the cause of CsA‐GO which is ameliorated by treating antioxidants, including vitamin E and sulforaphane. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive effect of CsA is not interfered by antioxidant treatments in rats. This finding may thus help the clinician devise better prevention strategies in patients susceptible to GO.
Evaluation of serum lidocaine/monoethylglycylxylidide concentration to assess shunt closure in dogs with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Authors: Devriendt Nausikaa , Serrano Gonçalo , Croubels Siska , Stock Emmelie , Vandermeulen Eva , Paepe Dominique , von Luckner Jennifer , de Rooster Hilde 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver function tests do not always normalize despite successful attenuation of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS).ObjectivesAssess the lidocaine/monoethylglycylxylidide (MEGX) test to determine liver perfusion after EHPSS closure.AnimalsTwenty dogs with EHPSS.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed and all dogs were tested at diagnosis, 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. After collecting a baseline blood sample (T0), 1 mg/kg body weight of lidocaine was injected intravenously. Fifteen (T15) and 30 minutes (T30) later, blood was collected. Plasma concentrations of lidocaine and its metabolites MEGX and glycylxylidide (GX) were determined, using a high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method. Three months postoperatively, transsplenic portal scintigraphy was performed to determine EHPSS closure.ResultsAt T15, median MEGX concentrations were higher in dogs with closed EHPSS compared to diagnosis (33.73 ng/mL [21.11‐66.44 ng/mL] vs 13.74 ng/mL [7.25‐21.93 ng/mL]; P < .001), but were not different (12.28 ng/mL [10.62‐23.17 ng/mL] vs 13.74 ng/mL [7.25‐21.93 ng/mL]) in dogs with persistent shunting. Sensitivity to determine shunt closure for MEGX at T15 was 96.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.4‐99.8) and specificity 82.8% (95% CI: 63.5‐93.5).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe lidocaine/MEGX test is a promising, rapid, and noninvasive blood test that seems helpful to differentiate dogs with closed EHPSS and dogs with persistent shunting after gradual attenuation.
The firewall between Cerrado and Amazonia: Interaction of temperature and fire govern seed recruitment in a Neotropical savanna
Authors: Borghetti Fabian , de Oliveira Caetano Gabriel Henrique , Colli Guarino Rinaldi , Françoso Renata , Sinervo Barry Raymond 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuestionsModels predicting the distribution of savannas worldwide have identified rainfall and fire as their primary determinants. However, most of them have relied upon adult traits, while juvenile traits, at the bottleneck of the plant's life cycle, have been largely overlooked. We developed a novel mechanistic model based on the effects of temperature and fire on germination traits to predict the distribution of Cerrado, i.e., the largest neotropical savanna.LocationCerrado and neighboring biomes.MethodsWe compiled data on the germination of seeds subjected to temperature and heat shock treatments and used generalized additive mixed models to predict germination potential as a function of temperature, species, physiognomy (forest/savanna), habits (herbs/shrubs/trees), and fire frequency.ResultsThe best model showed that seasonal temperatures set the germination limits for seeds of both savanna and forest physiognomies. Forest seeds presented a higher germinability in the optimum temperature range, but savanna seeds had higher survival rates after heat shocks. The model revealed that the southern limit of Cerrado is determined by low winter temperatures, while the western and eastern boundaries are set by high summer temperatures. The model also predicted an area of high germination potential that coincides with high biodiversity and climate stability in the Cerrado.ConclusionsGermination traits are highly valuable to predict vegetation responses to climate. Seasonal temperatures are primary determinants of the Cerrado’s extent, while fire favors the recruitment of savanna species over the Cerrado–Amazonia ecotone. Global warming may significantly impact the germination potential of native species.
Refrigeration and child growth: What is the connection?
Authors: Martinez Sebastian , Murguia Juan M. , Rejas Brisa , Winters Solis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChild stunting in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) decreased from 22.9% in 1990 to 9.6% in 2017. While stunting rates in the region were falling, access to electricity and refrigeration were on the rise. Despite a large body of evidence surrounding the effects of refrigeration on food consumption, and separately of the importance of food consumption for child health and nutrition, surprisingly few studies explore the potential effects of refrigeration on child nutrition. We studied the relationship between refrigeration and child nutrition outcomes using rich panel data for 1298 low‐income households with children younger than 12 months at baseline in El Alto, Bolivia. We estimated the effects of refrigerator ownership on diet and nutrition outcomes using a difference‐in‐difference approach. Owning a refrigerator was associated with increased food expenditures and improved child nutrition. We found evidence that households that acquired a refrigerator were more likely to buy food that requires refrigeration, and children in households that acquired refrigerators were 0.17 standard deviations taller for their age after 2 years. We also found that refrigeration was associated with a 0.26 standard deviation decline in BMI‐for‐age, an effect driven by increased height rather than lower weight. These results suggest that refrigeration may play a role in explaining reductions in undernutrition observed in low‐ and middle‐income countries in recent decades.
Warming mediates the resistance of aquatic bacteria to invasion during community coalescence
Authors: Vass Máté , Székely Anna J. , Lindström Eva S. , Osman Omneya A. , Langenheder Silke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe immigration history of communities can profoundly affect community composition. For instance, early‐arriving species can have a lasting effect on community structure by reducing the invasion success of late‐arriving ones through priority effects. This can be particularly important when early‐arriving communities coalesce with another community during dispersal (mixing) events. However, the outcome of such community coalescence is unknown as we lack knowledge on how different factors influence the persistence of early‐arriving communities and the invasion success of late‐arriving taxa. Therefore, we implemented a full‐factorial experiment with aquatic bacteria where temperature and dispersal rate of a better adapted community were manipulated to test their joint effects on the resistance of early‐arriving communities to invasion, both at community and population level. Our 16S rRNA gene sequencing‐based results showed that invasion success of better adapted late‐arriving bacteria equaled or even exceeded what we expected based on the dispersal ratios of the recipient and invading communities suggesting limited priority effects on the community level. Patterns detected at the population level, however, showed that resistance of aquatic bacteria to invasion might be strengthened by warming as higher temperatures (a) increased the sum of relative abundances of persistent bacteria in the recipient communities, and (b) restricted the total relative abundance of successfully established late‐arriving bacteria. Warming‐enhanced resistance, however, was not always found and its strengths differed between recipient communities and dispersal rates. Nevertheless, our findings highlight the potential role of warming in mitigating the effects of invasion at the population level.
Central nervous system demyelinating diseases in Hong Kong
Authors: Li Richard , Cheng Stephen Wing Ho , Chan Koon Ho , Lau Alexander Yuk‐Lun , Shiu Ka Lock , Cheng Wing Keung , Wu Shun Ping , Fung Lai Wah Eva , Ho Alvin Chi Chung , Liu Kam Tim , Cherk Sharon Wan Wah , Yung Ada Wing Yan , Lau Kwok Kwong , Tsoi Tak Hong , Li Patrick Chung Ki , Wong Winnie Wing Yin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo give an overview and update on central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases in Hong Kong.FindingsUsing retrospective analysis of records from the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Specialist Panel, the prevalence of MS in Hong Kong was estimated to be 6.9 per 100,000, while the annual incidence were 0.86 (SD = 0.135, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.96) and 0.16 (SD = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.08‐0.23) per 100,000 for adult and pediatric populations, respectively. Preliminary data from the Hong Kong MS Society's NMOSD (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders) Registry showed that the local prevalence of NMOSD was 3.3 per 100 000, with a seropositivity rate of 80%. MS and NMOSD both had a female preponderance, and MS had younger disease onset age. NMOSD patients had more long‐term disability in terms of EDSS (expanded disability status scale) but MS patients had more cognitive impairment. Radiological features that discriminated MS and NMOSD were similar to other populations, and brain atrophy was observed in both diseases. The number of available treatment options for MS in Hong Kong has greatly increased in the past decade, including injectables, oral disease‐modifying agents, and immune‐reconstitution therapies. For NMOSD, corticosteroids and oral immunosuppressants were the mainstay of treatment.SummaryThe updated prevalence of MS and NMOSD in Hong Kong was higher than previously reported, and comparable with other Asian countries. The clinical, laboratory and imaging features of MS and NMOSD in Hong Kong were similar to those in neighboring regions.
Retrospective assessment of the availability of routine data related to the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale‐Revised in the electronic medical records of a university hospital
Authors: Nishikawa Yoko , Narita Yugo , Fukuroku Keiko , Shindo Akihiro , Taniguchi Akira , Tomimoto Hidekazu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundNurses routinely access and use electronic medical record (EMR) systems. Suitable multidisciplinary care should be provided to each patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (ALSFRS‐R) has been used for patient assessments in clinical trials or healthcare evaluations.AimHere, we aimed to retrospectively determine how efficiently ALSFRS‐R‐related data of clinically confirmed ALS patients were routinely recorded, especially by nurses, and how easily the data could be retrieved.MethodsA quantitative and descriptive method was adopted for analyzing EMR admission records from April 2011 to March 2017. All the EMRs from the period were searched to retrieve ALSFRS‐R‐related data and relevant records. In cases that were difficult to categorize, the most appropriate level among neighboring levels was operatively assigned. We also attempted to assess how easily data could be retrieved based on the number of screen transitions.ResultsIn total, 105 admission datasets (71 patients) were eligible. Fifty admissions with explicit ALSFRS‐R‐related data, 21 with translatable records, and 32 with ALSFRS‐R items in documents maintained for the government were retrieved. Two admission datasets contained no ALSFRS‐R‐related clues. No descriptions were identified as ALSFRS‐R items within the nursing records. Physicians recorded data mainly in the shallow levels of EMRs. Nurses recorded translatable data in both shallow and deep levels for 3 items: speech, swallowing, and dyspnea.ConclusionThis study has shown that routine descriptions in the EMR system recorded by nurses were insufficient in terms of the amount, quality, and accessibility of ALSFRS‐R‐related information.
Infection control in the respiratory care of coronavirus disease‐19 patients with neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Matsumura Tsuyoshi , Saito Toshio , Mori Masahide , Kishida Miki , Tamagaki Kengo , Yoshida Yoshiaki , Ishikawa Yuka , Komai Kiyonobu , Goto Kazuya , Komori Tetsuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClose contact is unavoidable in the care of patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD). In addition, respiratory physiotherapy and noninvasive ventilation generate massive amounts of aerosols. Caring for a patient suffering from coronavirus disease‐19 raises concerns about the risk of infection not only to the caregiver and/or medical staff but also to other individuals in contact with these personnel. We reviewed the points to be noted in infection control when a patient with neuromuscular diseases receiving respiratory care is infected with COVID‐19 and summarizes the recommendation. Infected patients must be isolated in a negative‐pressure or actively ventilated room. Clear zoning separating clean and infected areas should be performed for pathogen containment. Caregivers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment and thoroughly clean their hands. Leak‐prevention measures and the use of proper respiratory circuits and filters with virus‐removal performance are crucial to reducing aerosols in noninvasive ventilation. Although respiratory physiotherapy is essential, treatment should be minimized in consideration of the infection state and sputum status, and alternative therapies such as postural drainage should be carefully considered. Infection control is distinctly obligate; however, it impairs the quality of life and activity of daily living significantly. We should implement it with enough ethical consideration, adequate explanation, and patient consent. We hope that this paper will contribute to appropriate COVID‐19 infection control in patients with neuromuscular diseases requiring respiratory care.
Percutaneous VDD leadless pacer implant post recent bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement for infective endocarditis
Authors: del Corral Maria Pia , Covas Pedro , Tracy Cynthia , Mercader Marco , Solomon Allen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn January 2020, the first Medtronic VDD leadless pacemaker Micra AV was approved by FDA to treat patients with advanced AV block, based on the encouraging results from the Micra Atrial tRacking using a Ventricular accELerometer 2 (MARVEL 2). There is reassuring data about safety and short‐term outcomes of traditional leadless pacemaker implant after recent surgical tricuspid valve replacement, but only few cases are reported in literature. No data was found regarding AV Micra implant safety and outcomes in patients following bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement as of today. Our patient is a 44‐year‐old gentleman with history of IV drug use who recently underwent tricuspid replacement with bioprosthesis for infective endocarditis complicated by postsurgical heart block, acute kidney insufficiency requiring hemodialysis, persistent bacteremia and candidemia, and progressive failure of the epicardial pacing wires. Given the elevated infective risk, the decision of attempting leadless pacer implant through the bioprosthetic valve was taken and our patient underwent successful Micra AV implant on postoperative day 30. To our knowledge, this is the first AV Micra placement following bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement. The uneventful procedure and the encouraging short‐term device follow‐up results seem to confirm the relative safety of this device in treating advanced atrioventricular conduction disorders in patients at elevated infective risk.