bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Framework for Increasing Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Communication Sciences and Disorders Academic Programs: The REAP Model
Authors: Mohapatra Bijoyaa , Mohan Ranjini 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Despite the growing clinical and research advances in communication sciences and disorders (CSD), health disparities persist by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status among patients. A diverse CSD workforce can improve access to services and reduce health care disparities for diverse populations. Increasing diversity of the workforce begins with recruiting and training a diverse student body in CSD academic programs. In the absence of relevant literature in CSD, the primary objective of this tutorial is to introduce readers to successful diversity and inclusion programs in health-related disciplines such as nursing, medicine, rehabilitation sciences, public health, and clinical psychology, as well as provide recommendations for developing a racially and ethnically diverse and inclusive CSD academic program.

Conclusions
We group the evidence from other health-related academic programs for increasing diversity and inclusion under three headings—(a) recruitment, (b) inclusion, and (c) retention of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (UREM) students. Based on this information, we have designed the Recruit–Equip–Access–Progress model to illustrate the strategies for a diverse and inclusive CSD training program. We recommend the following for UREM students in this model—(a) developing pipeline programs, institutional partnerships, and holistic admissions reviews; (b) equipping students with academic and financial supports; (c) providing students access to faculty and peer mentors; and (d) evaluating outcomes and processes associated with student and program success. Given the limited literature concerning successful diversity initiatives in our field, we encourage administrators and educators to implement these strategies, systematically evaluate the outcomes, and publish the results for other programs to adopt.
Dynamic modelling of vacuum circulation process for steel decarburization
Authors: Kleimt B. , Köhle S. 
Published: August 2021

A dynamic matbematical model of the vacuum circulation process for steel decarburization was developed. [t comprises the process parts of steel circulation decarburization reaction, adjustment of vessel pressure with its influence on the carbon equilibrium content, and the oxygen pickup from the ladle slag.
The model allows to simulate the behaviour of all important process values with good accuracy and can be used for optimization of plant construction and operation as well as for improvement of process control.
A new carnivorous plant lineage (Triantha) with a unique sticky-inflorescence trap
Authors: Lin Qianshi , Ané Cécile , Givnish Thomas J. , Graham Sean W. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceSince Darwin’s ground-breaking monograph on carnivorous plants, scientists have recognized only 11 independent origins of plant carnivory. We report the discovery of a new lineage of carnivorous plants, represented by the North American flowering plantTriantha occidentalis. Among monocots,Triantharepresents the only instance of a sticky-trap mechanism and a clearly documented case of holocarnivory, marked by enzymatic secretion consistent with prey digestion. Its trap is unique among carnivorous plants and, unexpected based on theory, in placing all of its prey-capture sites next to its insect-pollinated flowers. Given the existence ofTrianthain close proximity to major urban centers on the Pacific coast, our study serves as a vivid reminder that other cryptic carnivores may yet remain to be discovered.
In situ three-dimensional spider web construction and mechanics
Authors: Su Isabelle , Narayanan Neosha , Logrono Marcos A. , Guo Kai , Bisshop Ally , Mühlethaler Roland , Saraceno Tomás , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Spiders, silks, and webs have survived and prospered for millions of years, making them an evolutionary success. Learning how spiders used their silks and webs to adapt to environmental pressures have fascinated many fields of research such as biomedicine, biology, and engineering. Because of silk’s nanoscale size and the complex web architecture, little is known about the architecture and mechanics of three-dimensional (3D) spider webs during construction. This work comprehensively investigates the structure, mechanics, and functionality of a 3D spider web under construction, using consistent imaging and computational simulations methods. This work could inspire efficient spider-inspired fabrication sequences or fiber geometries in engineered materials, as demonstrated here for 3D-printed prototype materials.
GW approximation for open-shell molecules: a first-principles study
Authors: Mansouri Masoud , Casanova David , Koval Peter , Sánchez-Portal Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A prerequisite to characterize magnetic materials is the capability to describe systems containing unpaired electrons. In this study, we benchmark the one-shot GW (G
0
W
0) on top of different unrestricted mean-field solutions for open-shell molecules using Dunning’s correlation-consistent basis sets expanded in terms of Gaussian functions. We find that the G
0
W
0 correction to hybrid functionals provides reasonably accurate results for the ionization energies of open-shell systems when compared to those obtained from high-level ab initio methods. Moreover, the quality of the G
0
W
0 exchange–correlation approximation is evaluated by the discrepancy between the ionization energy of the neutral molecules and the electron affinity of the corresponding cations. Furthermore, we assess the capability of the GW to reproduce the correct energy ordering of molecular spin–orbitals. To such an aim, we thoroughly discuss three open-shell molecules CN, NH2, and O2, for which approximate functionals fail to correctly capture the single-electron spectrum. Particularly, we demonstrate that the overestimation of the exchange energy in the studied spin–orbitals is reduced by the GW dynamic correlation term, restoring the molecular orbital ordering. Interestingly, we find that deviations of the exchange and correlation energies, in comparison with our ab initio reference, can be very different for molecular orbitals with different symmetry, e.g. σ and π-type orbitals.
Design and simulation of double-heterojunction solar cells based on Si and GaAs wafers
Authors: Hossain Jaker 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article demonstrates the novel designs of Si and GaAs wafer-based double-heterojunction (DH) solar cells using SCAPS-1D simulator. Simple five-layer solar cells are proposed here: cells comprised of a cathode metal layer, three layers of semiconductor materials in the III–V, II–VI and group IV families--and a layer of anode metal. The device structures have been optimized for the analysis of the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Si and GaAs solar cells considering high defect densities at and near each heterojunction. The PCEs predicted are 38% and 38.9% for n-ZnSe/p-Si/p
+-Al0.8Ga0.2Sb and n-ZnSe/p-GaAs/p
+-AlAs0.9Sb0.1 cells, respectively which stay entirely within the PCE limits set by the Shockley–Queisser theory of multi-junction cell. These results reveal that high efficiency and hence cost-effective Si and GaAs wafer-based DH solar cells can be fabricated in the near future.
Aggregate formation in crystalline blends of α-sexithiophene and para-sexiphenyl
Authors: Bhagat Shubham , Leal William D , Majewski Marek B , Simbrunner Josef , Hofer Sebastian , Resel Roland , Salzmann Ingo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Earlier reports on rod-like conjugated molecules of similar shape and size such as α-sexithiophene (6T) and para-sexiphenyl (6P) indicated mixed crystal growth in equimolar blends. The spectral overlap between the 6P fluorescence and 6T absorption might there give rise to resonant energy transfer between the two species. In marked contrast to H-type aggregation found for 6T bulk crystals, isolated monolayers of 6T as well as 6T monolayers sandwiched between 6P multilayers have been reported to show pronounced green (instead of red) fluorescence, which has been attributed to J-type aggregation. Here, we investigate whether these altered optical properties of 6T translate from the monolayer to a bulk equimolar blend with 6P. Insight into the mixed crystal structure for vacuum co-deposited films of 6T + 6P is provided by using synchrotron grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction on different substrates. By correlating the optical properties of the pure and the mixed systems using absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy we identify the green emission known from 6T monolayers to prevail in the blend. Our analysis indicates the formation of aggregates which are promoted by the molecular arrangement in the mixed crystal structure highlighting that the remarkable optical properties of 6T/6P heterostacks translate into mixed crystalline films. This study underlines that tuning the opto-electronic properties of organic semiconductors by blending species of similar shape but distinct opto-electronic properties is a promising pathway to achieve altered material properties.
Relationship Between the Accumulation of Metabolic Syndrome Components and Orthostatic Hypotension
Authors: Cai Xiao-qi , Gao Xin-lei , Wang Ting-jun , Shen Yi-hua , Xu Guo-yan , Han Ying , Xie Liang-di 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
To investigate the relationship between the accumulation of metabolic syndrome (MS) components and orthostatic hypotension (OH).

Methods
A total of 2,201 subjects were enrolled and divided into 0 component (n = 199), 1–2 components (n = 1,003), and 3–4 components (n = 999) groups based on the number of MS components according to the criteria of 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Hypertension. Stratified analyses and binary logistic regression analysis were performed.

Results
The incidence of OH was significantly increased with the number of MS components (5.0% in 0 component group, 13.5% in 1–2 components group, and 17.9% in 3–4 components group, P &lt; 0.05). Compared with subjects without OH, the incidence of MS in those with OH was significantly elevated (55.2% vs. 43.7%, P &lt; 0.05). The incidence of OH in the elderly subjects was significantly higher than that in the young and middle-aged subjects (22.3% vs. 10.9%, P &lt; 0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the number of MS components was associated with OH in all subjects, and the risk of OH was increased with the increment of MS components. Compared with the subjects without any MS component, the risk of OH increased by 2.3 times in the subjects with 4 MS components (odds ratio = 3.274, 95% confidence interval 1.626–6.594, P &lt; 0.05). Stratified analyses found that the number of MS components was independently associated with OH in young to middle-age, female and non-MS subjects.

Conclusions
The incidence of OH is elevated with accumulations of MS components, especially in young to middle-age, female and non-MS subjects.
Molecular cloning and characterization of common marmoset SULT1C subfamily members that catalyze the sulfation of thyroid hormones
Authors: Kurogi Katsuhisa , Manabe Yoko , Liu Ming-Cheh , Suiko Masahito , Sakakibara Yoichi 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTCytosolic sulfotransferase SULT1C subfamily is one of the most flexible gene subfamilies during mammalian evolution. The physiological functions of SULT1C enzymes still remain to be fully understood. In this study, common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a promising primate animal model, was used to investigate the functional relevance of the SULT1C subfamily. Gene database search revealed 3 intact SULT1C genes and a pseudogene in its genome. These 4 genes were named SULT1C1, SULT1C2, SULT1C3P, and SULT1C5, according to the sequence homology and gene location. Since SULT1C5 is the orthologous gene for human SULT1C2P, we propose, here, to revisit the designation of human SULT1C2P to SULT1C5P. Purified recombinant SULT1C enzymes showed sulfating activities toward a variety of xenobiotic compounds and thyroid hormones. Kinetic analysis revealed high catalytic activities of SULT1C1 and SULT1C5 for 3,3′-T2. It appears therefore that SULT1C isoforms may play a role in the thyroid hormone metabolism in common marmoset.
Reading Covered Faces
Authors: Pavlova Marina A , Sokolov Arseny A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Covering faces with masks, due to mandatory pandemic safety regulations, we can no longer rely on the habitual daily-life information. This may be thought-provoking for healthy people, but particularly challenging for individuals with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. Au fait research on reading covered faces reveals that: 1) wearing masks hampers facial affect recognition, though it leaves reliable inferring basic emotional expressions; 2) by buffering facial affect, masks lead to narrowing of emotional spectrum and dampen veridical evaluation of counterparts; 3) masks may affect perceived face attractiveness; 4) covered (either by masks or other veils) faces have a certain signal function introducing perceptual biases and prejudices; 5) reading covered faces is gender- and age-specific, being more challenging for males and more variable even in healthy aging; 6) the hampering effects of masks on social cognition occur over the globe; and 7) reading covered faces is likely to be supported by the large-scale assemblies of the neural circuits far beyond the social brain. Challenges and limitations of ongoing research and parallels to the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test are assessed. Clarification of how masks affect face reading in the real world, where we deal with dynamic faces and have entrée to additional valuable social signals such as body language, as well as the specificity of neural networks underlying reading covered faces calls for further tailored research.
Functional Connectivity of the Developing Mouse Cortex
Authors: Rahn Rachel M , Brier Lindsey M , Bice Annie R , Reisman Matthew D , Dougherty Joseph D , Culver Joseph P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cross-sectional studies have established a variety of structural, synaptic, and cell physiological changes corresponding to critical periods in cortical development. However, the emergence of functional connectivity (FC) in development has not been fully characterized, and hemodynamic-based measures are vulnerable to any neurovascular coupling changes occurring in parallel. We therefore used optical fluorescence imaging to trace longitudinal calcium FC in the awake, resting-state mouse cortex at 5 developmental timepoints beginning at postnatal day 15 (P15) and ending in early adulthood at P60. Calcium FC displayed coherent functional maps as early as P15, and FC significantly varied in connections between many regions across development, with the developmental trajectory’s shape specific to the functional region. Evaluating 325 seed–seed connections, we found that there was a significant increase in FC between P15 and P22 over the majority of the cortex as well as bilateral connectivity and node degree differences in frontal, motor, and retrosplenial cortices after P22. A rebalancing of inter- and intrahemispheric FC and local-distal FC dominance was also observed during development. This longitudinal developmental calcium FC study therefore provides a resource dataset to the field and identifies periods of dynamic change which cross-sectional studies may target for examination of disease states.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viremia Is Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Predicts Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Jacobs Jana L , Bain William , Naqvi Asma , Staines Brittany , Castanha Priscila M S , Yang Haopu , Boltz Valerie F , Barratt-Boyes Simon , Marques Ernesto T A , Mitchell Stephanie L , Methé Barbara , Olonisakin Tolani F , Haidar Ghady , Burke Thomas W , Petzold Elizabeth , Denny Thomas , Woods Chris W , McVerry Bryan J , Lee Janet S , Watkins Simon C , St Croix Claudette M , Morris Alison , Kearney Mary F , Ladinsky Mark S , Bjorkman Pamela J , Kitsios Georgios D , Mellors John W 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA (vRNA) is detected in the bloodstream of some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but it is not clear whether this RNAemia reflects viremia (ie, virus particles) and how it relates to host immune responses and outcomes.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2 vRNA was quantified in plasma samples from observational cohorts of 51 COVID-19 patients including 9 outpatients, 19 hospitalized (non–intensive care unit [ICU]), and 23 ICU patients. vRNA levels were compared with cross-sectional indices of COVID-19 severity and prospective clinical outcomes. We used multiple imaging methods to visualize virions in plasma.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 vRNA was detected in plasma of 100%, 52.6%, and 11.1% of ICU, non-ICU, and outpatients, respectively. Virions were detected in plasma pellets using electron tomography and immunostaining. Plasma vRNA levels were significantly higher in ICU &gt; non-ICU &gt; outpatients (P &lt; .0001); for inpatients, plasma vRNA levels were strongly associated with higher World Health Organization (WHO) score at admission (P = .01), maximum WHO score (P = .002), and discharge disposition (P = .004). A plasma vRNA level &gt;6000 copies/mL was strongly associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 10.7). Levels of vRNA were significantly associated with several inflammatory biomarkers (P &lt; .01) but not with plasma neutralizing antibody titers (P = .8).

Conclusions
Visualization of virus particles in plasma indicates that SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia is due, at least in part, to viremia. The levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia correlate strongly with disease severity, patient outcome, and specific inflammatory biomarkers but not with neutralizing antibody titers.
A case report of mass and pressure: the utility of contrast echocardiography
Authors: Sharma Bharti , Kenny Louise , Alphonso Nelson , Anderson Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic dilemmas in an unwell neonate can require the use of enhanced imaging modalities, especially in post-operative cardiac disease.

Case summary
A neonate presented a diagnostic challenge following the repair of complex transposition of the great arteries, when an echogenic mass was noted in the region of the left atrial appendage on two-dimensional echocardiography, in the context of a monitoring line (left atrial line) inserted directly through this area. Although the pressure monitoring on this line suggested elevated left atrial pressure, the neonate was clinically and haemodynamically stable. Contrast echocardiography was used to investigate this further and found the mass to be extracardiac.

Conclusion
Contrast echocardiography is a simple and readily available tool for further echocardiographic delineation of structures, although needs to be performed carefully and the results interpreted logically.
Non-contact heart rate variability monitoring using Doppler radars located beneath bed mattress: a case report
Authors: Otake Yusuke , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Hakozaki Yukiya , Matsui Takemi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Heart rate variability (HRV) has been investigated previously in autonomic nervous system-related clinical settings. In these settings, HRV is determined by the time-series heartbeat peak-to-peak intervals using electrocardiography (ECG). To reduce patient discomfort, we designed a Doppler radar-based autonomic nervous activity monitoring system (ANMS) that allows cardiopulmonary monitoring without using ECG electrodes or spirometry monitoring.

Case summary
Using our non-contact ANMS, we observed a bedridden 80-year-old female patient with terminal phase sepsis developed the daytime Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) associated with the attenuation of the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) of HRV components 20 days prior to her death. The patient developed a marked linear decrease in the LF and the HF of HRV components for over 3 days in a row. Furthermore, after the decrease both the LF and the HF showed low and linear values. Around the intersection of the two lines, the decreasing LF and HF lines and the constant LF and HF lines, the ANMS automatically detected the daytime CSR pathogenesis. The attenuation rate of HF (1340 ms2/day) was higher than that of LF (956 ms2/day). Heart rate increased by ∼10 b.p.m. during these 3 days.

Discussion
We detected CSR-associated LF and HF attenuation in a patient with terminal phase sepsis using our ANMS. The proposed system without lead appears promising for future applications in clinical settings, such as remote cardiac monitoring of patients with heart failure at home or in long-term acute care facilities.
Case report of subacute presentation of tricuspid valve thrombus complicated by widespread bilateral pulmonary emboli: a multifactorial aetiology
Authors: Myslivecek Libor , Gue Ying , Vasiliadis Ioannis 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Right heart thrombus (RHTh) complicated by pulmonary embolism (PE) usually presents as a medical emergency with significant haemodynamic instability. However, less is known about subacute presentations.

Case summary
We present a 74-year-old haemodynamically stable gentleman with a 3-week history of mild pleuritic chest pain and exertional dyspnoea preceded by lower respiratory tract infection. Early trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed a 3 cm elongated tricuspid valve thrombus with right ventricular dysfunction, new-onset atrial fibrillation, and new-onset severe left ventricular impairment. Subsequent computed tomography pulmonary angiogram showed widespread bilateral pulmonary emboli with retrograde opacification of the hepatic veins. The RHTh successfully resolved with warfarin therapy with no further complications, and the patient was discharged on Day 8 of hospitalization.

Discussion
An early TTE is crucial in detecting the RHTh in patients suspected of PE and can significantly change the management compared with uncomplicated PE. The index of suspicion for PE and RHTh should remain high even in subacute cases.
To the manor born: a new microlevel wage database for eighteenth-century Denmark
Authors: Jensen Peter Sandholt , Radu Cristina Victoria , Sharp Paul 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We document and make available to the scholarly community a uniquely detailed database of 20,680 observations of wages for men, women, and children and 30,000 observations of prices from eighteenth-century rural Denmark. These microlevel data were originally collected by the Danish Price History Project but have not previously been released. To illustrate the usefulness of such data, we discuss possible applications.