bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrapotent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies effectively block new-emerging mutational variants
Authors: Jin Aishun , Li Tingting , Wang Yingming , Han Xiaojian , Gu Chenjian , Guo Hangtian , Wang Kai , Liu Fengjiang , Luo Feiyang , Hu Jie , Hu Chao , Li Shenglong , Hao Yanan , Huang Jingjing , Long Yingyi , Song Shuyi , Wang Wang , Shen Meiying , Wu Ruixin , Mu Song , Chen Qian , Gao Fengxia , Wang Jianwei , Long Shunhua , Li Luo , Wu Yang , Gao Yan , Xu Wei , Cai Xia , Qu Di , Gao Qingzhu , Zhang Guiji , He Changlong , Wang Wei , Ji Xiaoyun , Tang Ni , Yuan Zhenghong , Xie Youhua , Yang Haitao , Huang Ai-Long 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Accumulating mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein may increase the possibility of immune escape, challenging the present COVID-19 prophylaxis and clinical interventions. Here, in a panel of receptor binding domain (S-RBD) specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high neutralizing potency against authentic SARS-CoV-2, at least 6 of them were found to efficiently block the pseudovirus of 501Y.V2, a highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant with escape mutations. The top 3 neutralizing Abs (13G9, 58G6 and 510A5) exhibited comparative ultrapotency as those being actively pursued for clinical development. Interestingly, the antigenic sites for the majority of our neutralizing Abs overlapped with a single epitope (13G9e) on S-RBD. Further, the 3-dimensional structures of 2 ultrapotent neutralizing Abs 13G9 or 58G6 in complex with SARS-CoV-2 S trimer demonstrated that both Abs bound to a steric region within S472–490. Moreover, a specific linear region (S450–457) was identified as an additional target for 58G6. Importantly, our cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis revealed a unique phenomenon that the S-RBDs interacting with the fragments of antigen binding (Fabs) of 13G9 or 58G6 encoded by the IGHV1-58 and the IGKV3-20 gene segments were universally in the ‘up’ conformation in all observed particles. The potent neutralizing Abs presented in the current study may be promising candidates to fulfill the urgent needs for the current pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, and may of fundamental value for the next-generation vaccine development.
Use of Extracorporeal Life Support for Heart Transplantation: Key Factors to Improve Outcome
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Park Ilkun , Kim Joo Yeon , Sung Kiick , Kim Wook Sung , Kim Darae , Yang Jeong Hoon , Jeon Eun-Seok , Choi Jin-Oh , Cho Yang Hyun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Although patients receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS) as a bridge to transplantation have demonstrated worse outcomes than those without ECLS, we investigated the key factors in the improvement of their posttransplant outcome. From December 2003 to December 2018, 257 adult patients who underwent heart transplantation (HTx) at our institution were included. We identified 100 patients (38.9%) who underwent HTx during ECLS (ECLS group). The primary outcome was 1-year mortality after HTx. The median duration of ECLS was 10.0 days. A central type of ECLS was used in 35.0% of patients in the ECLS group. The 1-year mortality rate was 12.8%, with no significant difference between the ECLS and non-ECLS groups (16.0% versus 10.8%, p = 0.227). Multivariable analysis indicated that the use of ECLS was not a predictor of 1-year mortality (p = 0.140). Independent predictors of 1-year mortality were found to be cardiopulmonary resuscitation before HTx (p = 0.002) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (p < 0.001). A SOFA score greater than 10 was suggested the a cutoff value for 1-year survival. Early ECLS application, sophisticated ECLS and intensive care, and liberal use of central cannulation may be important steps in achieving favorable survival after HTx.
A Novel Design of All-optical Full-adder Using Nonlinear X-shaped Photonic Crystal Resonators
Authors: Naghizade Saleh , Saghaei Hamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new all-optical full-adder design based on nonlinear X-shaped photonic crystal (PhC) resonators. The PhC-based full-adder consists of three input ports, two X-shaped PhC resonators (X-PCRs), and two output ports. The dielectric rods made of silicon and nonlinear rods composed of doped glass are used to design the X-PCRs. Two well-known plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods are applied to study and analyze the photonic band structure and light propagation inside the PhC, respectively. Our numerical results demonstrate when the incoming light intensity increases, the nonlinear Kerr effect appears and manages the direction of light propagation inside the structure. The maximum time delay and footprint of the proposed full-adder are about 2.5ps and 663 μm2, making it an appropriate adder for high-speed data processing systems.
Manufacturing of a 3d Finned Tube for Enhanced Boiling and Condensation Using Rolling-cutting-extruding Composite Forming
Authors: Huang Xiaofang , Chen Hanping , Wan Zhen-ping , Lu Longsheng , Zhu Hongguan , Tang Yong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
3D finned tube is a high efficient enhanced heat transfer element and its manufacturing has always been the focus of research’s attention. It is a challenging job to manufacture a 3D finned tube that can enhance both boiling and condensation because the enhanced boiling structure is completely different from the enhanced condensation structure due to different heat transfer enhancement mechanisms. An innovative rolling-cutting-extruding composite forming method is developed to realize the manufacture of a staggered stepped lattice finned tube (SLFT) with helical fins, two layers of staggered stepped lattice fins and inner helical threads, which can enhance boiling as well as condensation heat transfer. The three skewed rolling-cutting tools specially designed are uniformly distributed around the base tube and the kinematics conditions of rolling-cutting-extruding process is analyzed. The relative plunge depth of a rolling blade can’t exceed a certain limit value and the feeding angle has to be equal to the helix angle of outer helical fin. According to the kinematic conditions, the parameters of the rolling-cutting tool are selected and processing experiments of the SLFT are conducted.
Phase structures, loss, storage, damping, voice-absorption, and mechanical properties: NCB/BWZT/RTV
Authors: wang juanjuan , Jiao Hua , Deng Qijiu , Feng Yaning , Yang Yule 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objective of this work is to characterize the effect of NCB(Nano-carbon black)on the comprehensive performances and micro, chemical and phase structures of NCB/BWZT/RTV composite [BWZT is Ba (W1/2Cu1/2)O3-Pb0.98Sr0.02 (Mg1/3Nb2/3) 0.275(Ni1/3 Nb2/3)0.10(Zr0.25Ti0.375) O3 and, RTV is Room Temperature Vulcanizing silicone rubber.]. Composites with damping-absorption performances and storage-loss behaviors based on RTV, BWZT and, NCB as conductive agent were fabricated employing three steps methods of ball-milling, three-roller milling and pressing. The effects of NCB and its amount on storage, loss and damping properties were investigated by the method of DMTA and, absorption and mechanical performances are measured by the methods of standing wave tube and TG separately. The micro, chemical and phase structures of composites are characterized by SEM, XRD and IR. The results indicated that both doping of NCB and the combination of BWZT and RTV can be proposed to improve greatly the comprehensive performance of RTV matrixes and, there would be more excellent comprehensive properties in NCB/BWZT/RTV composites with amount of 4 wt. %.-6wt. % for NCB as d33 of 81 pC/N, storage modulus of 25003MPa, loss modulus of 398MPa, damping coefficient of 0.07–0.12, and absorption coefficients of 0.45–0.55 with the difference of frequency in the range of 400-1600Hz. Also, the lattice growth of BWZT is found showing strong dependences on the contents of NCB and, the absorption and damping performance of composites on frequency and temperature separately.
Cancer-related psychosocial factors and self-reported changes in lifestyle among gynecological cancer survivors: cross sectional analysis of PROFILES registry data
Authors: Driessen Karin A. J. , de Rooij Belle H. , Vos M. Caroline , Boll Dorry , Pijnenborg Johanna M.A. , Hoedjes Meeke , Beijer Sandra , Ezendam Nicole PM 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Obesity is prevalent in gynecological cancer survivors and is associated with impaired health outcomes. Concerns due to cancer and its treatment may impact changes in lifestyle after cancer. This study aimed to assess the association between cancer-related psychosocial factors and changes in physical activity and diet, 18 months post-diagnosis among gynecological cancer survivors.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the ROGY care study were used, including endometrial and ovarian cancer patients treated with curative intent. The impact of cancer scale (IOCv2) was used to assess cancer-related psychosocial factors. Self-reported changes in nutrients/food groups and in physical activity post-diagnosis were classified into change groups (less/equal/more). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations.Results: Data from 229 cancer survivors (59% endometrial, 41% ovarian, mean age 66 ±9.5,70% tumor stage I) were analyzed. In total, 20% reported to eat healthier from diagnosis up to 18 months post-diagnosis, 17%reported less physical activity and 20% more physical activity. Health awareness, body change concerns, life interferences and worry were significantly associated with less physical activity up to 18 months post-diagnosis whereby gastrointestinal symptoms were an important confounder.Conclusion(s): This study underlines the need to raise awareness of the benefits of a healthylifestyle and to provide tailored lifestyle advice, taking into account survivors’ health awareness, body change concerns, life interferences, worry and gastrointestinalsymptoms, in order to improve health behavior among gynecological cancer survivors.Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01185626, August 20, 2010
Protocols for Isolating and Characterizing Polysaccharides From 1 Plant Cell Walls: A Case Study Using Rhamnogalacturonan-II
Authors: Urbanowicz Breeanna , Barnes William , Koj Sabina , Black Ian , Archer-Hartmann Stephanie , Azadi Parastoo , Pena Maria , O’Neill Malcolm 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In plants, there is a large diversity of polysaccharides that comprise the cell wall. Each major type of plant cell wall polysaccharide, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, has distinct structures and functions that contribute to wall mechanics and influence plant morphogenesis. In recent years, pectin modification and valorization has attracted much attention due to its expanding roles of pectin in biomass deconstruction, food science, material science, and environmental remediation. However, pectin utilization has been limited by our incomplete knowledge of pectin structure. Herein, we present a workflow of principles relevant for the characterization of polysaccharide primary structure using nature’s most complex polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), as a model.Results: We outline how to isolate RG-II from celery and duckweed cell wall material and red wine using chemical or enzymatic treatments coupled with size-exclusion chromatography. From there, we demonstrate the use of mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques to determine the glycosyl residue and linkage compositions of the intact RG II molecule and RG-II-derived oligosaccharides including special considerations for labile monosaccharides. In doing so, we demonstrated that in the duckweed Wolffiella repanda the arabinopyranosyl (Arap) residue of side chain B is substituted at O-2 with rhamnose. As RG-II is further modified by non-glycosyl modifications including methyl-ethers, methyl-esters, and acetyl-esters, we then describe ways to use electrospray-MS to identify these moieties on RG-II-derived oligosaccharides. We then explored the utility of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) in identifying RG-II-specific sugars and non-glycosyl modifications to complement and extend MS-based approaches. Finally, we describe how to assess the factors that affect RG-35 II dimerization using liquid chromatographic and NMR spectroscopic approaches.Conclusions: The complexity of pectic polysaccharide structures has hampered efforts aimed at their valorization. In this work, we used RG-II as a model to demonstrate the steps necessary to isolate and characterize polysaccharides using chromatographic, MS, and NMR techniques. The principles can be applied to the characterization of other saccharide structures and will help inform researchers on how saccharide structure relates to functional properties in the future.
Three-dimensional Numerical Investigation of the Interaction Between Twin Tunnels
Authors: Chortis Filippos , Kavvadas Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The construction of twin tunnels is an obligatory guideline and a prevailing practice in either conventional or mechanized tunneling. Nevertheless, most of the design methods for calculating the tunnel loads focus on single tunnels, thus, neglecting the potential interaction between neighboring tunnels. The effect of such interaction can be significant, especially for closely-spaced twin tunnels. In this context, this paper investigates via parametric 3D Finite Element (3D-FE) analyses the interaction between deep, parallel-twin, circular and non-circular tunnels excavated with a conventional (non-TBM) method and supported with shotcrete lining. The numerical investigation focuses on the axial forces acting on the primary support of the tunnels by examining the effect of a wide range of geometrical (pillar width, overburden height, tunnel diameter and section (shape), lagging distance), geotechnical (strength and deformability of the surrounding rockmass, horizontal stress ratio), structural (thickness and deformability of the shotcrete lining) and construction parameters (full- or partial- face excavation and support of the tunnels). The results of the analyses indicate that the construction of the subsequent tunnel influences the loads of the precedent. The stress state of the single tunnel is used as the reference for the quantification of the interaction effect. The output is presented in normalized design charts of the quantified interaction effect on the axial forces, versus key geomaterial and geometry parameters to facilitate preliminary estimations of primary support requirements for twin tunnels.
Synthesis and Characterizations of LaMnO3 Perovskite Powders Using Sol-Gel&nbsp;Method&nbsp;
Authors: ÖZKAN Deniz ÇOBAN , Türk Ahmet , Celik Erdal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present research demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of LaMnO3 perovskite powders using the sol-gel technique for dye-sensitive solar cell applications. With this respect, transparent solutions were prepared from La and Mn based precursors, distilled water and citric acid monohydrate. Ammonium hydroxide was incorporated into the La-Mn solution in order to neutralize/precipitate at 24oC for 1 hour in the air. The solution was allowed to evaporate on a hot plate device at 90 °C in the air. The obtained solutions were dried at 90 oC for 24 hours to form a xerogel structure, dried at 200 oC for 2 hours and consequently annealed at 500 and 850 oC for 2 hours in the air. Thermal, structural, microstructural, optical and magnetic properties of the powders were characterized through differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Malvern zeta sizer (PSD), UV-vis spectrometer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The obtained results indicate promise, especially the low band range, that LaMnO3 powders can be used in dye-sensitized solar cells and can positively affect performance and efficiency.
Analysis on the Interference Assembly of Camshaft With Knurled Tube and Cam
Authors: Huang Xiaoming , Sun Weitao , Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Yucan , Xing Jin , Bi Hailin , Wang Yuqian , You Wentao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Interference joint is one of the most advanced assembly methods for camshaft. In this paper, the mechanism of camshaft interference assembly is analyzed by thick-wall cylinder model. Joining/tortion experiments are done to estimate the joining force and connection strength. The relationship between the torque capacity, joining force and interference of the camshaft is established by the experiment results. Joining force linear increase with the interference, and torque exponential increase with it. The plastic deformation characteristics of knurled teeth on the tube during the joining process are obtained by metallographic observation. The results reveal the metal line changes continuously of the knurled tube. The knurled tooth tip turns over after joining. And elastic limit would be reached in the extrusion region.
Enzymatic Response of Ryegrass Cellulose and Hemicelluloses Valorization Introduced by Sequential Alkaline Extractions
Authors: Sun Shao-Fei , Yang Jing , Wang Da-Wei , Yang Hai-Yan , Sun Shao-Ni , Shi Zheng-Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
In view of the natural resistance of hemicelluloses in lignocellulosic biomass on bioconversion of cellulose into fermentable sugars, alkali extraction is considered as an effective method for gradually fractionating hemicelluloses and enhancing the bioconversion efficiency of cellulose. In the present study, sequential alkaline extractions were performed on the delignified ryegrass material to achieve high bioconversion efficiency of cellulose and comprehensively investigated the structural feature of hemicellulosic fractions for further application.
Results
Sequential alkaline extractions removed hemicelluloses from cellulose-rich substrates and degraded part of amorphous cellulose, reducing yields of cellulose-rich substrates from 73.0 to 27.7% and increasing crystallinity indexes of which from 31.7 to 41.0%. Alkaline extraction enhanced bioconversion of cellulose by removal of hemicelluloses and swelling of cellulose, increasing of enzymatic hydrolysis from 72.3 to 95.3%. In addition, alkaline extraction gradually fractionated hemicelluloses into six fractions, containing arabinoxylans as the main polysaccharides and part of β-glucans. Simultaneously, increasing of alkaline concentration degraded hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which resulted in a decreasing their molecular weights from 67510 to 50720 g/mol.
Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that sequential alkaline extraction conditions had a significant effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of cellulose and the investigation of the physicochemical properties of hemicellulose. Overall, the investigation the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of cellulose-rich substrates and the structural features of hemicelluloses from ryegrass will provide useful information for the efficient utilization of cellulose and hemicelluloses in biorefineries.
Undulation of a moving fluid membrane pushed by filament growth
Authors: Noguchi Hiroshi , Pierre-Louis Olivier 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biomembranes experience out-of-equilibrium conditions in living cells. Their undulation spectra are different from those in thermal equilibrium. Here, we report on the undulation of a fluid membrane pushed by the stepwise growth of filaments as in the leading edge of migrating cells, using three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations. The undulations are largely modified from equilibrium behavior. When the tension is constrained, the low-wave-number modes are suppressed or enhanced at small or large growth step sizes, respectively, for high membrane surface tensions. In contrast, they are always suppressed for the tensionless membrane , wherein the wave-number range of the suppression depends on the step size. When the membrane area is constrained, in addition to these features, a specific mode is excited for zero and low surface tensions. The reduction of the undulation first induces membrane buckling at the lowest wave-number, and subsequently, other modes are excited, leading to a steady state.
Modelling and analysis of surface topography generated in end milling process
Authors: zhou ruihu , Qilin Chen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The surface topography of workpiece plays an important role in the performance and service life of workpiece. Complex surface parts are widely used in shipbuilding, aerospace and other industries. At present, the study of milling surface topography is mainly on 3-axis milling. A prediction model of milling surface topography is proposed, which can obtain the machined workpiece surface topography and roughness directly from cutting parameters, cutter location file and workpiece surface geometry. The effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness is discussed. Different milling experimental conditions are set up to validate the proposed model. This method can be used to analyze the surface topography of milling, and further to optimize the cutting parameters to improve the surface quality.
The effect of salmon calcitonin against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in the C6 cell line and the roles the inflammatory and nitric oxide pathways play
Authors: Taskiran Ahmet Sevki , Ergul Merve 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that salmon calcitonin (sCT) has positive effects on the nervous system. However, its effect and mechanisms on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity are still unclear. The current experiment was designed to examine the effect of sCT on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in C6 cells, involving the inflammatory and nitric oxide stress pathways. The study used the C6 glioma cell line. Four cell groups were prepared to evaluate the effect of sCT on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. The control group was without any treatment. Cells in the glutamate group were treated with 10 mM glutamate for 24 h. Cells in the sCT group were treated with various concentrations (3, 6, 12, 25, and 50 µg/mL) of sCT for 24 hours. Cells in the sCT + glutamate group were pre-treated with various concentrations of sCT for 1 hour and then exposed to glutamate for 24 hours. The cell viability was evaluated with an XTT assay. Nuclear factor kappa b (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), caspase-3, and caspase-9 levels in the cells were measured by ELISA kits. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry method. sCT at all concentrations significantly improved the cell viability in C6 cells after glutamate-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.001). Moreover, sCT significantly reduced the levels of NF-kB (p < 0.001), TNF-α, and IL-6 levels (p < 0.001). sCT also decreased nNOS, NO, and cGMP levels (P < 0.001). Furthermore, it decreased the apoptosis rate and increased the live-cell rate in the flow cytometry (P < 0.001). In conclusion, sCT has protective effects on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in C6 glial cells by inhibiting inflammatory and nitric oxide pathways. sCT could be a useful supportive agent for people with neurodegenerative symptoms.