bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chrysippus on Determinism and Human Responsibility: A Unitary Interpretation
Authors: Mazzetti Manuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper I aim to ascribe to Chrysippus two ‘compatibilist’ theories and to explain their differences through the fact that our sources depend on different parts of the philosopher’s corpus. This can be confirmed by a passage in Eusebius and by Chrysippus’ wordy style of writing. In my opinion, Alexander and Nemesius report the more general theory, stating that fate rules everything but employs the nature of each being as a means to accomplish its plans. Cicero and Gellius report a theory more connected with human responsibility. Their accounts are similar, but the fact that they are not drawing upon the same source becomes clear once we analyse in detail the objections to which the philosopher was responding: Cicero seems to report a criticism levelled by Arcesilaus against Zeno, Gellius one levelled against Chrysippus by his contemporaries.
A Rational Choice? Explaining the Growth of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Philippines
Authors: Richters Katja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper shines a light on the three Eastern Orthodox churches which are currently operating in the Philippines and asks why it is the Moscow Patriarchate rather than the Ecumenical or Antiochian Patriarchates which is displaying the most significant growth. Using rational choice theory, the paper argues that the Moscow Patriarchate is best placed to capitalise on the opening created by the lack of dynamism in the country’s religious marketplace. This is so because it insists on the strict observance of Orthodox traditions and therefore operates in the strict market niche which is underserved by the country’s majority Catholic church. The paper, however, also finds that it is not only the Moscow Patriarchate’s strictness, but also the financial resources provided by Russian businessmen, which are fuelling its growth.
Challenges of Dutertismo for Philippine Christianity
Authors: Francisco Jose Mario C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper concentrates on populism’s functional relationship with religion during times of crisis and how religion is instrumentalized for populist causes. Critical analysis of Philippine populism under President Rodrigo Duterte highlights often-overlooked nuances regarding populism as both disruption and reinforcement of traditional politics and its inherent institutional and religious dimensions. Though Dutertismo disrupts Manila-centric power, it reinforces traditional politics rooted in the Philippine political and cultural ethos. Moreover, because of populism’s institutional and religious dimensions, Dutertismo’s challenges to Philippine Christianity involve both its social and evangelizing missions. As institutions, Christian churches are called to a social mission that helps dismantle traditional politics. Their response involves disentangling their institutions and communities from traditional political networks and providing all Christians with political education towards the good of all, especially those oppressed by traditional politics. Dutertismo’s implicit religious perspective challenges Christianity’s evangelizing mission. Insufficiently discussed in many studies, this underlying Manichean perspective common to populists attracts many through an account of and a strategy against social suffering through the war between the good “we” versus the evil “others.” Christianity then must listen more attentively to the yearnings of the suffering people and accompany them more faithfully in the struggle for social transformation. These responses prepare Philippine Christianity to commemorate in 2021 its five-century presence.
Spin the Abstracts of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Regarding the Treatment of Ménière’s Disease
Authors: Heigle Benjamin , Kee Micah , Ottwell Ryan , Arthur Wade , Brame Lacy , Wright Drew N. , Hartwell Micah , Khojasteh Jam , Vassar Matt 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To identify, quantify, and characterize the presence of spin—specific strategies leading to misrepresentation of study results—in the abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of Ménière’s disease treatment. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we searched MEDLINE and Embase on May 28, 2020, for systematic reviews and meta-analyses focused on Ménière’s disease treatment. Returned searches were screened, and data were extracted in a masked, duplicate fashion. Results: Our sample included 36 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Of the 36 included studies, 22 (61.1%) abstracts contained spin while 14 (38.9%) did not. The most common spin types were selective reporting of benefit (10/36, 27.8%) or harm (8/36, 22.2%). Other types of spin occurred when findings were extrapolated to the global improvement of the disease (5/36, 13.9%), beneficial effects were reported with high risk of bias in primary studies (3/36, 8.3%), and when beneficial effects were extrapolated to an entire class of interventions (1/36, 2.8%). No instances of other spin types occurred. Abstracts containing spin were substantively associated with studies of critically low methodological quality compared with studies with low and moderate quality. No studies had a methodological rating of high quality. No associations were observed between spin and intervention types, journal recommendation of adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, or funding. We found a negative correlation ( r = −.31) between abstract word limit and presence of spin. Conclusions: Our study highlights that spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews of Ménière’s disease is common, and it further enhances the discussion surrounding spin in abstracts of scientific research. Spin in an abstract does not discredit a study’s findings; however, its occurrence should be eliminated.
Outcomes following coronary artery bypass surgery in diabetic treatment sub-groups. A propensity matched analysis of >7000 patients over 18 years
Authors: Haqzad Yama , Hobkirk James , Ariyaratnam Priyadharshanan , Chaudhry Mubarak , Carroll Sean , Loubani Mahmoud 
Published: March 2021

Background European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II incorporates insulin-controlled diabetes whilst omitting tablet-controlled diabetes. Differences in adverse clinical outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft between these groups are poorly established. Therefore, a propensity matched comparison of short and longer term mortality and morbidity in insulin-controlled diabetes, tablet-controlled diabetes and non-diabetic patients was undertaken. Methods Isolated first-time coronary artery bypass graft surgeries between April 1999 and April 2017 were propensity score matched by pre- and intra-operative variables. Results 8241 patients; 23.5% diabetics and 76.5% non-diabetics. The groups’ demographical and clinical characteristics were comparable after matching. Insulin-controlled diabetes patients had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (3.8% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.05), multisystem failure (2.6% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.05), sternal wound infections requiring debridement (3.6% vs. 1.3%, p < 0.05), respiratory complications (25.6% vs. 21.9%, p < 0.05), new dialysis (4.7% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.05) and longer hospital stays (13.5 ± 13.3 vs. 10.6 ± 8.0, p < 0.05) compared to non-diabetic patients. Tablet-controlled diabetes patients had significantly higher strokes (2.9% vs. 1.2, p < 0.05), superficial sternal wound infections (6.7% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.05), respiratory complications (25.7% vs. 22.7%, p < 0.05), new dialysis (1.7% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05), post-operative atrial fibrillation (37.1% vs. 33.9%, p < 0.05) and readmission with myocardial infarction (22.4% vs. 19.6%, p < 0.05) compared to non-diabetic patients. Conclusion Diabetic treatment sub-groups are an independent risk factor for sternal wound infection, new dialysis requirement, multisystem failure and readmission with myocardial infarction after isolated first coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The findings suggest the need for better risk stratification of diabetic groups prior to cardiac surgery and for improved cardiovascular risk management post-surgery in tablet-controlled diabetes patients.
Weaving Healthy Families Program: Promoting Resilience While Reducing Violence and Substance Use
Authors: McKinley Catherine E. , Theall Katherine P. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: We examine pilot results for the culturally adapted Weaving Healthy Families (WHF) program to promote resilience and wellness while preventing substance abuse and violence among Native American (NA) families. Methods: Results were drawn from paired sample t tests and analyses of variance (ANOVA) with a convenience sample of 24 adults and adolescents from eight NA families (pretest, posttest, and, where available, 6-month postintervention). Results: Along with substance abuse reduction and prevention, t test results indicated reductions in (a) adult depressive symptoms and improvements in adult conflict resolution and health behaviors; (b) adolescent wellness; and (c) adult and adolescent resilience, communal mastery, social support, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. ANOVA tests revealed reductions in adult psychological and physical violence and improvements in adult and adolescent family resilience, family environment, and emotional regulation. Conclusions: Results reveal promising preliminary results for the WHF program to promote resilience and thriving while reducing risk for substance abuse and violence in NA families.
Health and Healthcare Disparities: Impact on Resource Utilization and Costs After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Okoh Alexis K. , Dhaduk Nehal , Shah Aakash M. , Gold Justin , Fugar Setri , Kassotis John , Chen Chunguang , Lee Leonard Y. , Russo Mark J. 
Published: March 2021

Objective We investigated health and healthcare disparities in the treatment of aortic stenosis with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and how they affect resource utilization and costs. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who were discharged alive after TAVR between 2012 and 2017 from the National Inpatient Sample. Patients were stratified by race and outcomes investigated were in-hospital complications, total procedural costs, and resource utilization. High resource utilization (HRU) was defined as length of stay (LOS) ≥7 days or discharge to a nonhome location. Multivariable regression models were used to identify predictors of HRU. Results TAVR patients ( N = 29,464) were stratified into Caucasians ( n = 25,691), others ( n = 1,274), Hispanics ( n = 1,267), and African Americans (AA, n = 1,232). More AA and Hispanics had TAVR at urban teaching centers ( P = 0.003) and were less likely to be Medicare beneficiaries ( P < 0.001). Distribution of TAVR patients in the lowest income quartile showed AA (50%) versus Caucasian (20%) versus Hispanic (33%, P < 0.001). In-hospital complications were higher among Hispanics and AA than Caucasians with prolonged LOS, procedural costs, and HRU. On multivariable analysis, independent predictors of HRU were TAVR year ( P < 0.001), advanced age ( P < 0.001), female sex ( P < 0.001), non-Caucasian race ( P = 0.038), history of coronary artery bypass grafting ( P < 0.001), smoking ( P < 0.001), chronic lung disease ( P = 0.003), stroke ( P < 0.001), and lowest income quartile ( P = 0.002). Conclusions There exist significant healthcare and health disparities among patients undergoing TAVR in the United States. Consequently, this unequal access to care and determinants of heath translate into higher resource utilization and costs.
Concerns, Perceived Impact, Preparedness in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic and Health Outcomes among Italian Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Portoghese Igor , Meloni Federico , Galletta Maura , Piras Ilenia , D’Aloja Ernesto , Finco Gabriele , Campagna Marcello 
Published: March 2021

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are among the professionals at serious risk for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental health. In this sense, the next public health challenge globally will be to preserving healthy HCWs during this pandemic. Aim: The present study has the aim of investigating the relationship among concerns, perceived impact, preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health of Italian physicians. Methods: From March 29th to April 15th 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques through Limesurvey platform. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple binary logistic regressions. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for perceived job stress were concerns about catching COVID-19 (OR = 3.18 [95% CI = 2.00-5.05] P < .001), perceived impact on job demands (OR = 1.63 [95% CI = 1.05-2.52] P < .05), perceived impact on job role (OR = 2.50 [95% CI = 1.60-3.90] P < .001), and non-working concerns (OR = 1.86 [95% CI = 1.15-3.03] P < .05). With respect to the risk factors for rumination about the pandemic emerged concerns about catching COVID-19 (OR 1.74, [95% CI = 1.12-2.71] P < .05), perceived impact on job role (OR = 1.68 [95% CI = 1.12-2.52] P < .05), and impact on personal life (OR = 2.04 [95% CI = 1.08-3.86] P < .05). Finally, the risk factors for crying at work were perceived impact on job role (OR = 2.47, [95% CI = 1.20-5.09] P < .05), rumination about the pandemic (OR = 3.027 [95% CI = 1.27-7.19] P < .01), watching colleagues crying at work (OR = 3.82 [95% CI = 1.88-7.77] P < .01), and perceived job stress (OR = 3.53 [95% CI = 1.24-10.07] P < .05). Conclusion: In general, our results highlighted that being concerned about being infected/infecting other people, carrying out new and unusual tasks, and witnessing colleagues crying at work were important risk factors for physicians’ well-being. Additional data are necessary to advance understanding of these risk factors in a long-term perspective.
Low-Income Caregivers’ Attitudes and Behaviors on Children’s Diets: Emergent Themes on Cultural Influences and Perceived Value of Nutrition Information from Healthcare Providers
Authors: Yu Kathleen , Wu Fanfan , Eisenberg Colman Miriam H 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Limited access to affordable, healthy food and identifying as African-American or Hispanic-American are associated with greater risk of childhood obesity, especially for low-income individuals. Purpose: To report on (1) the emergent theme of the influence of culture on primary caregivers’ behaviors and motivations when preparing meals for their families; and (2) primary caregivers’ perceptions of the nutritional information they receive from health care providers. Methods: Twelve focus groups with low-income, adult primary caregivers of children ages 3 to 6 years were conducted in Texas and the DC-Maryland-Virginia region and were segmented by race/ethnicity and access to grocery stores. Results: Culture emerged as an important theme in influencing which foods participants cook at home. In some cases, that influence spilled over into the child’s diet. In other instances, the food that participants reported making for their children varied from the food they make for themselves. Participants reported having high trust in health care providers, but acknowledged that health care providers’ nutritional advice might not always be applicable. Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of considering the role culture might play in influencing and informing caregivers’ decisions regarding children’s diets, and also better understanding caregivers’ perceptions of health care providers as a source of nutrition information for their children.
Evaluating the Appropriateness of Antibiotic Treatment of Tonsillitis during COVID-19 in the North Wale Primary Healthcare Setting
Authors: Li Chunhei , Ong Caitlin , Morris Anna , Woollons Isobel , Ashfaq Ahsan , Jagatia Rikesh 
Published: March 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the delivery of primary care in the NHS. Consultations have largely moved from face-to-face to remote, forcing practitioners to modify the ways in which they deliver care to patients. Aim: In this study, we aim to investigate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in tonsillitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and Setting: An observational quantitative analysis in the North Wales primary care setting. Method: Retrospective review of computer records across 5 GP centers from March 2020 until the end of October 2020. Data was extracted and analyzed using chi-square or fisher exact rank and Mann–Whitney test. Results: Our results have shown no significant difference in antibiotic prescribing behavior comparing face-to-face and remote consultations. Conclusion: Remote consultation is as effective as face-to-face consultation with regards to the assessment of tonsillitis and the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription in primary care.
Online Mindfulness May Target Psychological Distress and Mental Health during COVID-19
Authors: Farris Suzan R , Grazzi Licia , Holley Miya , Dorsett Anna , Xing Kelly , Pierce Charles R , Estave Paige M , O’Connell Nathaniel , Wells Rebecca Erwin 
Published: March 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected mental health, creating an urgent need for convenient and safe interventions to improve well-being. Online mindfulness interventions show promise for improving depression, anxiety, and general well-being. Objective To assess: 1) the impact of online mindfulness on psychological distress, 2) altruistic efforts, and 3) the quantity, quality, and availability of online mindfulness resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods 233 participants (203 U.S.; 20 international; 10 unknown) participated in this prospective, single-arm, non-randomized clinical trial of a single online mindfulness meditation session with pre- and post-surveys. Main Outcome Measures (a) Mindfulness session helpfulness, online platform effectiveness, and immediate pre- to post-session changes in momentary stress, anxiety, and COVID-19 concern; (b) qualitative themes representing how people are helping others during the pandemic; (c) absolute changes in quantity of mindfulness-oriented web content and free online mindfulness resource availability from May to August 2020. Results Most participants felt the online mindfulness session was helpful and the electronic platform effective for practicing mindfulness (89%, 95% CI: [82 to 93%]), with decreased momentary anxiety (76%; 95% CI: [69 to 83%]), stress (80%; [72 to 86%]), and COVID-19 concern (55%; [46 to 63%]), (p < 0.001 for each measure). Participants reported helping others in a variety of ways during the pandemic, including following public health guidelines, conducting acts of service and connection, and helping oneself in hopes of helping others. “Mindfulness + COVID” search results increased by 52% from May to August 2020. Most (73%) Academic Consortium for Integrative Medicine and Health member websites offer free online mindfulness resources. Conclusions Virtual mindfulness is an increasingly accessible intervention available world-wide that may reduce psychological distress during this isolating public health crisis. Kindness and altruism are being demonstrated during the pandemic. The consolidated online mindfulness resources provided may help guide clinicians and patients.
Single-Stage Posterior Approach for Multilevel Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament With K-line (−) Using Thick Cervical Pedicle Screw System: A Technical Note and Preliminary Results
Authors: Zhang Yue-Hui , Liu Hai-Tao , Zhou Fu-Chao , Song Jia , Shao Jiang 
Published: March 2021

Study Design: Technical note, retrospective case series. Objective: The optimal surgical strategy for multilevel cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) with a negative kyphosis line (K-line (−)) remains controversial. We present a novel single-stage posterior approach that converts the K-line from negative to positive in patients with multilevel cervical OPLL, using a posterior thick cervical pedicle screw (CPS) system and report the procedure’s outcomes and feasibility. Methods: Twelve consecutive patients with multilevel cervical OPLL and K-line (−) underwent single-stage posterior thick CPS fixation, with laminectomy and foraminal decompression. A pre-bent rod was installed to convert the K-line from negative to positive. Radiographic parameters, including the extent and occupying ratio of OPLL and the C2-C7 angle, were examined. CPS accuracy was assessed using computed tomography. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were analyzed. Quality of life was assessed using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). The mean OPLL extent was 5 vertebral body levels, and posterior decompression was performed on 4.2 segments. Results: The average C2-C7 angle and the occupying ratio of OPLL improved from −9.0° to 14.3° and from 63% to 33%, respectively. The preoperative JOA, VAS, and NDI scores significantly improved from 8.4 to 13.3, from 7.1 to 2.2, and from 21.9 to 9.3, respectively. The K-line was converted from negative to positive in all cases. No severe complications were identified. Conclusion: Single-stage posterior surgery with a thick CPS system may be a reliable and effective treatment for multilevel cervical OPLL and K-line (−).
The Effects of Ankle Joint Mobilization on Dorsiflexion Range and Gait Parameters in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ravichandran Hariharasudhan , Janakiraman Balamurugan 
Published: March 2021

Background: Ankle dorsiflexion movement restriction is a common presentation in most of the chronic stroke survivors. Spasticity and connective tissue changes around ankle, limits dorsiflexion, and interferes with balance and gait performances. Improving functional range of dorsiflexion is essential in post-stroke rehabilitation. Objectives: This meta-analysis analyzed the effects of ankle mobilization techniques in improving dorsiflexion range and gait parameters among chronic stroke survivors. Method: Articles published up to July 2020 were searched in CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, PsyINFO, and OpenGrey. English version of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of ankle joint mobilization among chronic stroke subjects, with dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and gait parameters as outcome, were included. Characteristics of participants, interventions, outcome measure, and measures of variability were extracted. Methodological quality of included trials was assessed using PEDro scale and Cochrane Collaboration tool for the risk of bias. Pooled standardized mean difference was calculated using random effects model for dorsiflexion ROM, gait velocity, step length, cadence, and timed up and go (TUG). Results: Eight RCTs including 226 stroke patients, with mean methodological score of 6 out of 10 in PEDro, were eligible for this meta-analysis. Ankle joint mobilization demonstrated statistically significant improvement on passive dorsiflexion ROM, gait velocity, step length (affected side), and cadence outcomes. Nonsignificance was found in step length (unaffected side) and in TUG. Conclusion: The ankle mobilization techniques are effective in improving passive dorsiflexion ROM, gait velocity, and cadence in chronic stroke survivors. However, the retention effect of ankle mobilization among stroke subjects is not known.