bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Minimal Parameter Set Facilitating Early Decision-making in the Diagnosis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Smits Bas M. , van Montfrans Joris , Merrill Samuel A. , van de Corput Lisette , van Gijn Mariëlle , de Vries Andrica , van den Bos Cor , Abbink Floor , van der Molen Renate G. , Dors Natasja , Lindemans Caroline , Boelens Jaap J. , Nierkens Stefan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening immune dysregulation syndrome characterized by uncontrolled immune cell activation. Timely diagnosis is important, since early treatment can improve survival rates. However, completing all assessments needed to reach ≥5 positive criteria out of the 8 HLH-2004 criteria can be time consuming and may delay timely initiation of treatment. Hence, we applied a data-driven approach to identify a minimal parameter set for early decision-making towards the initiation of HLH-specific treatment. We retrospectively evaluated 165 patients from five Dutch tertiary hospitals with suspected HLH. Sixteen pHLH (median age 0.5 years) and 70 sHLH patients (median age 8.7 years) were identified using the HLH-2004 criteria. Clustering analysis and multi-receiver operator characteristics were used to identify parameters distinctive of HLH. The presence of either increased ferritin, cytopenia in ≥2 lineages, or splenomegaly distinguished HLH from non-HLH cases with a negative predictive value of 100%. A minimal parameter set consisting of 2 major criteria (phagocytosis and splenomegaly) and 3 minor criteria (cytopenia, increased ferritin, and increased triglycerides/low fibrinogen) predicted HLH with 95% (88–99) sensitivity and 94% (86–98) specificity. This finding was replicated in an independent retrospective validation cohort of 109 US patients (n = 109). By dividing a subset of the HLH-2004 criteria into major and minor criteria, this strategy uses the evaluation of less than 5 criteria to quickly identify patients with HLH. When confirmed in a prospective setting, this approach could be of value for timely diagnosis and treatment of HLH.
Zur Realisierung der standardsprachlichen vokalischen Lautwandelprozesse des Frühneuhochdeutschen im Text der Hermannstädter Protokolle (1560–1565)
Authors: Owsiński Piotr A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe article presents the results of the phonemic-graphemic analysis of the official reports’ entries from the early second half of the 16th century, which come from the town council of Sibiu (Hermannstadt) and the Concilium Transylvania Saxonicum. The reports constitute a part of the first liber civitatis of Sibiu (Hermannstadt). The aim of the paper is to answer the question how far the script fixes the features of the spoken language. Due to the analysis it could be unambiguously proved, the German used in the text corresponds to the level of development of the German language within the periodization of history of the language as it contains the standard Early New High German features as well as the dialectal structures and the sound changes, which are characteristic for the Silesian dialect. The text can therefore be classified as one of the linguistic monuments of the East Central German of Silesian tradition. All the results of the exploration are supported with the appropriate examples.
The Location of Magnetic Reconnection at Earth’s Magnetopause
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Petrinec S. M. , Fuselier S. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the major questions about magnetic reconnection is how specific solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions influence where reconnection occurs at the Earth’s magnetopause. There are two reconnection scenarios discussed in the literature: a) anti-parallel reconnection and b) component reconnection. Early spacecraft observations were limited to the detection of accelerated ion beams in the magnetopause boundary layer to determine the general direction of the reconnection X-line location with respect to the spacecraft. An improved view of the reconnection location at the magnetopause evolved from ionospheric emissions observed by polar-orbiting imagers. These observations and the observations of accelerated ion beams revealed that both scenarios occur at the magnetopause. Improved methodology using the time-of-flight effect of precipitating ions in the cusp regions and the cutoff velocity of the precipitating and mirroring ion populations was used to pinpoint magnetopause reconnection locations for a wide range of solar wind conditions. The results from these methodologies have been used to construct an empirical reconnection X-line model known as the Maximum Magnetic Shear model. Since this model’s inception, several tests have confirmed its validity and have resulted in modifications to the model for certain solar wind conditions. This review article summarizes the observational evidence for the location of magnetic reconnection at the Earth’s magnetopause, emphasizing the properties and efficacy of the Maximum Magnetic Shear Model.
There is no reason to replace the Razor with the Laser
Authors: Thunder Simon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn recent times it has become common to encounter philosophers who recommend the replacement of one principle concerning theory choice, Ockham’s Razor, with another: the Laser. Whilst the Razor tells us not to multiply entities beyond necessity, the Laser tells us only to avoid multiplying fundamental entities beyond necessity. There appear to be seven arguments in the literature for the Laser. They divide into three categories: arguments from the nature of non-fundamentality attempt to motivate the Laser by appeal to various observations about what it is to be non-fundamental; arguments from cases describe hypothetical or actual cases, and allege that only the Laser accords with our intuitive judgements about them; and arguments from analogy claim that ontological parsimony is analogous to conceptual economy, and that this analogy recommends the Laser. I provide novel responses to each of the extant arguments for the Laser, and conclude that there is currently no good reason for replacing the Razor with the Laser.
Latency reduction for narrowband URLLC networks: a performance evaluation
Authors: Amjad Zubair , Nsiah Kofi Atta , Hilt Benoît , Lauffenburger Jean-Philippe , Sikora Axel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFifth-generation (5G) cellular mobile networks are expected to support mission-critical low latency applications in addition to mobile broadband services, where fourth-generation (4G) cellular networks are unable to support Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). However, it might be interesting to understand which latency requirements can be met with both 4G and 5G networks. In this paper, we discuss (1) the components contributing to the latency of cellular networks and (2) evaluate control-plane and user-plane latencies for current-generation narrowband cellular networks and point out the potential improvements to reduce the latency of these networks, (3) present, implement and evaluate latency reduction techniques for latency-critical applications. The two elements we detected, namely the short transmission time interval and the semi-persistent scheduling are very promising as they allow to shorten the delay to processing received information both into the control and data planes. We then analyze the potential of latency reduction techniques for URLLC applications. To this end, we develop these techniques into the long term evolution (LTE) module of ns-3 simulator and then evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques into two different application fields: industrial automation and intelligent transportation systems. Our detailed evaluation results from simulations indicate that LTE can satisfy the low-latency requirements for a large choice of use cases in each field.
Vaporization of Vanadium Pentoxide from CaO-SiO2-VOx Slags During Alumina Dissolution
Authors: Shyrokykh Tetiana , Wei Xingwen , Seetharaman Seshadri , Volkova Olena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The vaporization of vanadium pentoxide from CaO-SiO2-VO
x
ternary slags using different gas treatment regimens and parallel vacuum gas extirpation to treat V-bearing slags at 1873 K has been developed in the present study. The novelty of the present study is to monitor the effect of parallel alumina dissolution on the vaporization phenomenon. Vanadium pentoxide has high vapor pressure at the temperatures over 1500 K. When CaO-SiO2-VO
x
ternary slags, kept in dense alumina crucibles, are injected with oxygen, V2O5 gas bubbles are formed which are forced out by using vacuum extirpation. The vanadium pentoxide could be then collected in the exhaust gases. The mechanism of the process phenomenon is described as the formation of V2O5 gas phase resulting from the oxidation of the lower-valent oxides present in the slag. This gas phase would form microbubbles in the molten slag bulk phase due to low surface tension between the gas phase and the slag, thereby increasing the contact surface. At the same time, the crucible material would dissolve in the slag causing an increase in the slag viscosity. Due to the high slag viscosity of the bulk slag, these microbubbles formed would have difficulty in coalescing and reaching the slag surface. The escaping of the bubbles into the gas phase is enabled by the vacuum extirpation.
Effect of Geometric Parameters and Moisture Content on the Mechanical Performances of 3D-Printed Isogrid Structures in Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide
Authors: Di Pompeo Valerio , Forcellese Archimede , Mancia Tommaso , Simoncini Michela , Vita Alessio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present paper aims at studying the effect of geometric parameters and moisture content on the mechanical performances of 3D-printed isogrid structures in short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide (namely Carbon PA). Four different geometric isogrid configurations were manufactured, both in the undried and dried condition. The dried isogrid structures were obtained by removing the moisture from the samples through a heating at 120 °C for 4 h. To measure the quantity of removed moisture, samples were weighted before and after the drying process. Tensile tests on standard specimens and buckling tests on isogrid panels were performed. Undried samples were tested immediately after 3D printing. It was observed that the dried samples are characterized by both Young modulus and ultimate tensile strength values higher than those provided by the undried samples. Similar results were obtained by the compression tests since, for a given geometric isogrid configuration, an increase in the maximum load of the dried structure was detected as compared to the undried one. Such discrepancy tends to increase as the structure with the lowest thickness value investigated is considered. Finally, scanning electron microscopy was carried out in order to analyze the fractured samples and to obtain high magnification three-dimensional topography of fractured surfaces after testing.
Beneath the surface: The influence of music and the dark triad traits on stress and performance
Authors: Gomes Arrulo Teresa , Doumas Michail , Papageorgiou Kostas A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExamining factors that protect against the negative repercussions of stress on everyday functioning is paramount. This experimental study investigated the effects of music listening and personality on the reduction of perceived stress and cognitive performance. Seventy adults (18–45 years, M = 22.8, SD = 6.6) completed measures of the Dark Triad traits (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism), music preferences, and music uses, and undertook a stress-inducing procedure. Participants were randomly allocated to three groups: hip-hop/rap, classical music, control, being exposed to the respective genre or silence for 20 min after the predicted peak in stress. Results showed that classical and hip-hop/rap music equally facilitated stress reduction. Narcissism predicted lower stress when classical music preference was high. Narcissism also predicted enhanced performance but also greater stress, when paired with infrequent stress-management through music. These novel findings demonstrate how particular genres and traits, despite being predominantly negatively perceived, can enhance stress reduction or cognitive performance.
Molluscan Diversity Influenced by Mangrove Habitat in the Khors of Qatar
Authors: Al-Khayat Jassim A. , Vethamony P. , Nanajkar Mandar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Qatar is a rapidly developing region within the Arabian Gulf, where monitoring of changes in benthic biodiversity and its functioning is needed. The influence of mangroves and seasonality on the nearshore subtidal molluscan diversity at three distinct khors (nearshore tidal bays) – natural mangroves (Al Dhakhira), planted mangroves (Al Mafyar) and no-mangroves (Dawhat Zekreet) – are investigated in this study. This study concludes that even the sub-tidal area is influenced by mangroves, and mangroves increase the diversity of molluscs compared to the site that lacks mangroves. The maximum salinity (59.8 psu) was observed at Dawhat Zekreet during summer, and the minimum (41.44 psu) at Al Dhakhira in winter. Chlorophyll a level was low for all the khors, and rarely exceeded 1 μg/L, depicting oligotrophic waters. Al Dhakhira demonstrated the highest molluscan species richness (32), and shared 28 species in common with Al Mafyar. Dawhat Zekreet had the fewest mollusc species number and no mangroves. When cumulative diversity over all seasons was considered, Dawhat Zekreet exhibited the lowest species richness; Al Dhakhira, the highest. Some mangrove regions have been already utilized for developmental activities, and Qatar needs to continue the program of mangrove conservation as a vital habitat for molluscs.
Revealing the Hierarchical Microstructure of Innovative Additively Manufactured Metal Parts with Conventional Light Microscopy
Authors: Tonelli Lavinia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdditively manufactured parts are characterized by a peculiar microstructure, originated by the distinctive layer-by-layer process. In case of additive technology based on the localized melting of a metallic feedstock, as laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF), the resulting microstructure has a hierarchical arrangement, consisting of macro- and microscopical features affecting the final properties. Commonly, several advanced metallographic techniques are adopted in order to reveal the LPBF microstructure. However, main microstructural features can be also qualitatively appreciated by means of conventional light microscopy. The present work aims at describing how the peculiar LPBF microstructure of the Co28Cr6Mo alloy can be characterized, along with its main microstructural features, by means of the sole light microscopy.
Shift in bacterial etiology from the CAPNETZ cohort in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: data over more than a decade
Authors:   for the CAPNETZ- Study Group, Braeken D. C. W. , Essig A. , Panning M. , Hoerster R. , Nawrocki M. , Dalhoff K. , Suttorp N. , Welte T. , Pletz M. W. , Witzenrath M. , Rohde G. G. U. , Rupp J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo determine the most relevant pathogens for CAP in Germany, patients with radiologically confirmed pulmonary infiltrates and at least one clinical sign of lung infection were prospectively recruited within the CAPNETZ cohort from 2004 until 2016. In 990 out of 4.672 patients (21%) receiving complete diagnostics the most prominent change of pathogens was a decrease of S. pneumoniae (58% in 2004 to 37.5% in 2016; p ≤ 0.001, ρ =  − 0.148) and an increase of H. influenzae (12.2% to 20.8%; p = 0.001, ρ = 0.104).
Two new effective iteration methods for nonlinear systems with complex symmetric Jacobian matrices
Authors: Zhang Lv , Wu Qing-Biao , Chen Min-Hong , Lin Rong-Fei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we mainly discuss the iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems with complex symmetric Jacobian matrices. By applying an FPAE iteration (a fixed-point iteration adding asymptotical error) as the inner iteration of the Newton method and modified Newton method, we get the so–called Newton-FPAE method and modified Newton-FPAE method. The local and semi-local convergence properties under Lipschitz condition are analyzed. Finally, some numerical examples are given to expound the feasibility and validity of the two new methods by comparing them with some other iterative methods.
Deciduous dentition and dental eruption sequence in Interatheriinae (Notoungulata, Interatheriidae): implications in the systematics of the group
Authors: Fernández Mercedes , Fernicola Juan C. , Cerdeño Esperanza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudies focused on deciduous dentition, ontogenetic series, and tooth eruption and replacement patterns in fossil mammals have lately increased due to the recognized taxonomic and phylogenetic weight of these aspects. A study of the deciduous and permanent dentition of Interatherium and Protypotherium (Interatheriinae) is presented, based mainly on unpublished materials. Deciduous cheek teeth are brachydont and placed covering the apex of the respective permanent tooth; in addition, some morphological and metrical differences are observed along the crown height. Five dental ontogenetic stages are distinguished among the juvenile specimens on the basis of the degree of wear, the replacement of the deciduous premolars, and the eruption of the molars. The crown height and the wear degree of different Interatheriinae taxa show: (1) eruption pattern of molars in an anterior–posterior direction (M/m1 to M/m3); (2) pattern of replacement of deciduous premolars and eruption of permanent premolars in a posterior–anterior direction (dP/dp4 to dP/dp2 and P/p4 to P/p2); and (3) eruption of M/m3 before the replacement of dP/dp4. Results allow evaluating the diagnostic dental characteristics used to describe some interatheriines, as well as reinterpreting some taxonomic assumptions: the holotype of Protypotherium diversidens Ameghino, 1891 is recognized as a juvenile of another species of the genus, and the species is not validated, considering it as Protypotherium sp.; the holotype of Eudiastatus lingulatus Ameghino, 1891 falls in the variability of Protypotherium, becoming P. lingulatus new combination, tentatively maintaining the species and implying the synonymy between Eudiastatus and Protypotherium; and the holotype of Eopachyrucos ranchoverdensis Reguero, Ubilla, and Perea, 2003 is reinterpreted as bearing deciduous premolars.
Limitations on the role of frequency in L2 acquisition
Authors: VON STUTTERHEIM CHRISTIANE , LAMBERT MONIQUE , GERWIEN JOHANNES 
Published: March 2021

abstractIn the context of theories of statistical learning, frequency of encounter is viewed as a major driving force in L2 acquisition. The present paper challenges this position with respect to core components at the level of language competence which relate to language-specific patterns in cognitive construal. Empirical evidence from very advanced L2 speakers (L1 French, L2 English and L2 German) shows that forms and constructions which are highly frequent in the target languages in the expression of motion events are not used in a target-like form by L2 speakers. The study shows how the basis for language use which is not target-like lies at the level of event construal: conceptual frames, which are language-specific and are deeply anchored in the course of L1 acquisition, drive allocation of attention and the extraction of forms in L2 acquisition. Findings in the domain of spatial cognition show that motion event frames based on the L1 take precedence over frequency of occurrence of forms in the target language as a factor in L2 use.
Whom can a Muslim Woman Represent? Begum Jahanara Shah Nawaz and the politics of party building in late colonial India
Authors: KOUL ASHISH 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article argues that gendered ideas about political representation were pivotal to the All-India Muslim League's new self-imagination as the exclusive representative of Indian Muslims after the Pakistan Resolution of March 1940. I offer a gendered reading of League politics during the crucial decade of the 1940s by examining the historical implications of Begum Jahanara Shah Nawaz's expulsion from the party in 1941 for accepting a post on the National Defense Council. When she claimed that she was appointed to the Council as a representative of all Indian women and Punjab, the League leadership condemned her for disobeying the party's resolution to remain aloof from British India's wartime administration. With an unusual intensity, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the League's president, censured her for endangering Indian Muslims’ fragile unity and asserted that League members could either represent Muslims—or no one. Her arguments functioned as an effective foil against which the League solidified its homogenizing narrative of an Indian Muslim identity and its universalizing project of Pakistan. As the demand for Pakistan increasingly dominated the League's rhetoric, alternative models of representation that drew upon cross-religious, gender-based, or regional solidarities became progressively untenable for female Muslim League politicians. Shah Nawaz's expulsion, and the discourse on representation it generated, demonstrated that gender issues were central to League politics at both the provincial and the all-India level.
Relationship between changes in the course of COVID-19 and ratio of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes and related parameters in patients with severe vs. common disease
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Xin , Du Jiangdong , Liu Chunling , Jiang Yanan , Zhang Heqiu , Jiang Haiming , Fu Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To assess the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and related parameters to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. Clinical data from 38 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed, treated and discharged from the Qishan Hospital in Yantai over the period from January to February 2020 were analysed. NLR and procalcitonin (PCT) were determined in the first and fourth weeks after their admission, along with the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of these patients. Based on results as obtained on the first and fourth weeks after admission, five indices consisting of NLR, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes (LY) and monocytes (MON) were selected to generate receiver operating characteristic curves, while optimal cutoff values, sensitivities and specificities were obtained according to the Yuden index. Statistically significant differences in neutrophils, LY and the NLR were present in the severe vs. moderate COVID-19 group from the first to the fourth week of their hospitalisation. The cut-off value of NLR for predicting the severity of COVID-19 was 4.425, with a sensitivity of 0.855 and a specificity of 0.979. A statistically significant positive correlation was present between PCT and NLR in the severe group as determined within the first week of admission. NLR can serve as a predictor of COVID-19 disease severity as patients' progress from the first to the fourth week of their hospitalisation. The statistically significant positive correlation between levels of NLR and PCT in severe patients indicated that increases in NLR were accompanied with gradual increases in PCT.