bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Israeli Women Studying Nursing Compared to Women Studying Education and Engineering
Authors: Horn Hadassa , Holzemer William L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examined the demographic characteristics, vocational personality, and sex-role orientation of Israeli women studying nursing compared to women studying education and engineering. The convenience sample was 176 university students. The instrument included a demographic inventory, Holland's Self-Directed Search (SDS) questionnaire, and the Sex-Role Orientation Attitude questionnaire.
Nursing and education students had Holland's "social" personality types and engineering students were more "realistic" or "investigative." Nursing and engineering students were significantly more feminist in their orientation than education majors. Nursing students were nontraditional women who had traditional family backgrounds, yet were nontraditional in their feminist orientation. With nursing's move into colleges and universities, the need for academically qualified applicants has intensified. Developing a better understanding of the unique nature of nursing and nursing students is a challenge.
Reflective Learning: A Teaching Strategy for Critical Thinking
Authors: Baker Charles R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Most nurse educators claim that ability to critique one's clinical practice is a skill which must be acquired if nursing students are to continue to learn and develop as practitioners after they have graduated. This skill is of particular relevance for nurses who will be working independently in the community. The author reviews recent literature on critical thinking and reflective learning and identifies the results of one baccalaureate nursing school's use of reflective journals.
Nursing Students' Perspectives: Experiences of Caring and Not-So-Caring Interactions with Faculty
Authors: Hanson Lynn E , Smith Marjorie J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of baccalaureate nursing students' lived experience of caring and not-so-caring interactions with faculty, The research questions explored the phenomenon of being cared-for or not-cared-for by asking, "What does being cared-for by faculty mean to baccalaureate nursing students?" Students were also asked to describe not-so-caring interactions with faculty. Seventeen baccalaureate nursing students at a private Uberai arts college and 15 baccalaureate nursing students at a public university were interviewed. Transcripts of the tape-recorded interviews were analyzed using Giorgi's technique. After reflection upon the content of the interviews, significant statements were identified, meaning units were developed, and themes were extracted which were then abstracted into categories of Recognition, Connection, and Confirmation/Affirmation. Finally, general structural descriptions of the phenomena of a caring and of a not-socaring interaction were constructed. Implications for teaching, research, and practice are described.
Stress and Coping: First-Year Nepalese Nursing Students in Clinical Settings
Authors: Mahat Ganga 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify stressful events of first-year Nepalese nursing students in the clinical setting and to determine how the; cope with the stressful events. The sample consisted of 104 nursing students who had been in the clinical setting for 6 to 8 weeks. Four stressful events identified were: interpersonal relationships, initial experiences, feeling helpless, and demeaning experiences. The most frequently reported stressful event was interpersonal relationship (50%). Eight categories of coping from students' description were problem-solving, accepting responsibility, seeking social support, self-control, tension reduction, avoidance, wishful thinking and negative feelings. The majority of students utilized the "seeking social support" category of coping.
Undergraduates' Perceptions of Their Psychiatric Practicum: Positive and Negative Factors in Inpatient and Community Experience
Authors: Perese Eris F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To identify factors contributing to positive or negative undergraduate experiences, often cited as influencing student selection of practice area, 38 baccalaureate students were queried about their inpatient/community psychiatric practicum. Positive, negative and potentially helpful factors were derived from the themes of their responses, Positive factors included staffs professionalism, enthusiasm and acceptance of students; diversity of learning opportunities; and involvement with patients. Negative factors related to nursing staff performance. Potentially helpful factors were those promoting goodness of fit between program expectations for students, characteristics of the clinical setting and modeling of psychiatric nursing career options.
Conservative Management of Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Nucci Paolo , Capoferri Carlo , Alfarano Rosetta , Brancato Rosario 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fifty-nine children 1 to 24 months of age with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNDO) were treated with local hydrostatic massage and antibiotic eye drops. Children 1 to 12 months of age showed a cure rate of 93.3%; only two of them underwent nasolacrimal probing. Children 13 to 24 months of age had a cure rate of 79.3%, and six underwent probing. The initial probings were successful in both age groups. Fifty-one children (86.4%) were thus spared nasolacrimal probing.
Primary and Secondary Orbital Teratomas
Authors: Weiss Avery H , Greenwald Mark J , Margo Curtis E , Myers William 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two patients with primary teratomas of the orbit and a third patient with a teratoma Invading the orbit from the maxillary sinus are presented. The clinical presentation of each patient was spectacular. In the primary teratomas, the globe was displaced out of the orbit by the attached tumor, causing extreme proptosis. Computed tomography was virtually diagnostic, showing a variegated orbital mass with solid and cystic components. Histologic examination showed multiple tissues derived from two or three germinal layers. The surgical removal of the tumors and reasons for the poor visual outcome are discussed. The appearance of teratomas in the orbit and other cephalic structures appears to arise from the survival and proliferation of germ cells deposited there during embryogenesis.
Observations on the Use of Three Different Contrast Sensitivity Tests in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Mäntyjärvi Maija I , Autere Marja H , Silvennoinen Anne M , Myöhänen Terttu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Forty-one children and young adults aged 4 to 25 years (mean 14.5 ±6.9, SD) with normal eyes were examined with three different contrast sensitivity tests: the Vistech distance and near test, the Cambridge Low Contrast Gratings test, and the LH-5 Contrast test. In different age groups, the youngest children aged 4 to 9 years had the lowest result values. The results of the older children aged 10 to 15 years and young adults aged 16 to 25 years were close to each other. The range of the results in all tests was large in every age group. The values of contrast sensitivity could not be compared from one test to another; in the Vistech tests the values varied from 10 to 200, in the Cambridge test from 170 to 560, and in the LH-5 test from 5 to 50. Most of the children liked the LH-5 test best, while most of the young adults preferred the Vistech distance test. It is useful to examine children and adults with different contrast sensitivity tests; however, the same test should be used in follow-up examinations.
Genetic Counseling in X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Anandakrishnan Indira , Musarella Maria A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The current status regarding genetic counseling In Xlinked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is reviewed. XLRP is the most severe form of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and leads to blindness in the third or fourth decade of life. The biochemical basis of the disease is not known. Until now genetic counseling in this disease has been dependent on simple Mendelian laws of inheritance and the detection of carriers by clinical and electrodiagnostic means. The limitations with regard to carrier detection are discussed. With the recent advances made in recombinant DNA technology, genetic counseling has come to play an important part in the management of XLRP. The methods of DNA technology and their application to localizing the XLRP gene on the X chromosome are reviewed. The discovery of DNA linkage markers known as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) allow a marker closely linked to a disease gene to be followed through succeeding generations in an affected family. Since linkage studies suggest two XLRP loci, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of the disease still remain problematic.
Medial Rectus Re-Recession in Undercorrected Esotropia
Authors: Biedner B , Yassur Y , David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Conventional surgical management of surgically undercorrected esotropia includes bilateral lateral rectus resection, marginal myotomy, and Faden operation. During a 3-year period, 10 patients with surgically undercorrected esotropia had medial rectus re-recession 13.5 mm from the limbus.
Successful binocular realignment (to 10 prism diopters or less residual binocular misalignment) was achieved in 9 of the 10 cases for both near and distance measurements.
Adult Amblyopia Reversed by Contralateral Cataract Formation
Authors: Wilson M Edward 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two adutt patients are presented whose childhood amblyopia improved markedly when the sound eye became cataractous. In each case, the amblyopic eye became the preferred eye for fixation, allowing each patient to temporarily delay cataract surgery. Most remarkably, the acuity improvement has been sustained for greater than 2 years in each patient after full visual rehabilitation of the sound eye by cataract extraction.
Ocular Findings of Incontinentia Pigmenti in a Male Infant With Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Fowell Susan M , Greenwald Mark J , Prendiville Julie S , Jampol Lee M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTA male infant with Klinefelter karyotype (47, XXY) manifested both the typical dermatologie findings of the X-linked dominant disorder incontinentia pigmenti (BlochSulzberger syndrome) and ocular findings including retinal pigmentary changes, peripheral retinal avascularity, and preretinal fibrovascular proliferation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of incontinentia pigmenti with this specific abnormal genotype manifesting ocular findings.
Use of Music Therapy and Other ITNIs in Acute Care
Authors: Gagner-Tjellesen Desiree , Yurkovich Eleanor E , Gragert Marcia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the clinical use of music therapy as an independent therapeutic nursing intervention (ITNI) in acute inpatient settings. This study identified the frequency, rationale, and perceived effectiveness of its use as an ITNI. In addition, barriers and facilitators to nurses' use of music therapy were identified. Frequency of use of other ITNIs also were investigated. An author-designed questionnaire, based on the literature and reviewed by a panel of experts, was used to survey a convenience sample (N = 321) of RNs at an acute inpatient facility with more than 50 beds, located in the midwestern United States. One hundred thirty-five RNs (42%) participated in the study.
Findings indicated that 85.2% (n = 1 1 5) of respondents knew of music therapy, with 69.6% (n = 94) of them reporting using it in practice. Of the other listed ITNIs, deep breathing was used most frequently, followed by therapeutic touch and massage. Music therapy was used most commonly to reduce anxiety and was ranked as the ITNI used most often to enhance sleep and decrease distraction, agitation, aggression, and depression. Psychiatry/ chemical dependency and intensive care units had the highest incidence of use of music therapy.
The ranking of barriers and facilitators identified the strongest barrier as not having time to help patients with music therapy, whereas the strongest facilitator was nurses' comfort with the idea of using music therapy. This research begins to fill an information gap about the frequency, purpose, and perceived effectiveness of use of ITNIs. The use of ITNIs can increase patient comfort and facilitate conservation of energy, which aids healing processes, as described in Levine's Conservation Model. Use of ITNIs also can empower nurses and facilitate their control over nursing practice. This study indicates that nurses need further education on the use of music therapy and other ITNIs.
Histological Comparison of Corneal Ablation With Er:YAG Laser, Nd:YAG Optical Parametric Oscillator, and Excimer Laser
Authors: Telfair William B , Bekker Carsten , Hoffman Hanna J , Yoder Paul R , Nordquist Robert E , Eiferman Richard A , Zenzie Henry H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To use histological techniques to assess and compare the ablation depth, local damage, and surface quality of corneal ablations by a Q-switched Er:YAG laser, an optical parametric oscillator laser at 2.94 µm, a long pulse Er:YAG laser, and a 193-nm excimer laser.

METHODS: Human cadaver eyes and in vivo cat eyes were treated with a 6.0-mm diameter, 30-jrai-deep phototherapeutic keratectomy ablation and a 6.0-mm diameter, -5.0O-D photorefractive keratectomy ablation. Human cadaver eyes were also treated with a 5.0-mm diameter, -5.00-D laser in situ keratomileusis (LASHi) ablation. Fluences and pulse widths used were 200 mJ/cm
p 2
and 70 ns for the Q-switched Er:YAG, 150 mJ/cm
p 2
and 7 ns for the optical parametric oscillator laser (OPO), 500 mJ/cm
p 2
and 50 microseconds for the long pulse Er:YAG, and 160 mj/cm
p 2
and 20 ns for the excimer laser. In the ablation rate study, 12 porcine eyes were ablated by the OPO laser with a range of layers and at different fluences ranging from 60 to 150 mJ/cm
p 2
, all using a 1.5-mm spot on the eye. The ablation depth of these acute ablations was evaluated by light microscopy examination.

RESULTS: In the acute damage study, light microscopy showed a thin surface layer in all samples with minimal thermal damage except on the long pulse Er:YAG corneas. Transmission electron microscopy revealed less than 0.3-µm surface damage for all specimens of both the optical parametric oscillator and the excimer laser samples with no evidence of collagen shrinkage. Transmission electron microscopy showed damage layers of 0.5 to 3 µm for Q-switched Er:YAG and 3 to 10 µm for long pulse Er:YAG. Scanning electron microscopy showed smooth surfaces in all eyes, although the excimer was the roughest. In the porcine eye study, ablations were produced in both PTK and PRK modes with the ablation rate per layer increasing with the fluence. At 120 mJ/cm
p 2
, the average ablation rate was 1.9 µm per layer.

CONCLUSIONS: The histology from the short pulse mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator laser at 2.94 µm was comparable to the 193-nm excimer with a smooth, damage-free, ablation zone when performing PRK and LASLK. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:40-501
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Ametropia After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Koay Peter Y P , McGhee Charles N J , Weed Kathryn H , Craig Jennifer P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the treatment of refractive errors after penetrating keratoplasty.
METHODS: Eight eyes underwent LASIK after a mean 71 months (SD 60) following the initial penetrating keratoplasty. A full ophthalmic assessment was performed before LASLK and at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Mean follow-up was 8.6 months (SD 3.2).
RESULTS: No eyes lost any Snellen lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at the latest follow-up. Mean reduction in spherical equivalent refraction was 91% from -6.79 D (SD 4.17) to -0.64 D (SD 1.92) and mean reduction of cylinder was 72% from -6.79 D (SD 3.28) to -1.93 D (SD 1.17) at 6 months. Mean surgically induced astigmatism was 5.50 D (SD 2.42) and the index of surgically induced astigmatism divided by the initial cylinder expressed as a percentage was 81%. Mean outcome indices were: correction index 0.87, index of success 0.31, and angle of error 0.95°. Three eyes (43%) achieved a spherical equivalent refraction of ±0.50 D and 4 eyes (57%) achieved a spherical equivalent refraction of ±1.00 D of emmetropia.
CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of LASIK after penetrating keratoplasty was good compared to incisional or surface based excimer laser methods and has the advantage of reducing the myopic spherical equivalent refraction in addition to astigmatism, thus improving the uncorrected visual acuities. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:140-147]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis Corneal Flap Creation With the Nidek MK-2000 and the Carriazo Barraquer Microkeratomes
Authors: Vongthongsri Anun , Srivannaboon Sabong , Horatanaruang Orasa , Nariptaphan Pichit 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of the Nidek MK-2000 and the LSK Carriazo Barraquer microkeratomes in the creation of corneal flaps for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASLK).
METHODS: A prospective randomized study of 55 eyes of 30 patients who underwent LASLK was performed. Twelve corneal flaps were created hy the Nidek MK-2000 microkeratome (160-/«n head), 30 corneal flaps by the Carriazo Barraquer 160-¿m head microkeratome, and 13 corneal flaps by the Carriazo Barraquer 180-/tm head microkeratome. Flap thickness (evaluated by ultrasonic pachymetry), flap diameter, hinge size, and hinge-to-centerof-pupil distance were measured.
RESULTS: For the Nidek MK-2000 microkeratome, mean flap thickness was 149.58 ± 25.61 µ?? (range, 94 to 186 /im), flap diameter was 8.81 ± 0.34 mm (range, 8.4 to 9.1 mm), hinge size was 4.31 ± 0.45 mm (range, 3.9 to 4.8 mm), and hinge-to-centerof-pupil distance was 3.79 ± 0.70 mm (range, 3.9 to 4.7 mm). For the Carriazo Barraquer 160-/im head microkeratome, mean flap thickness was 123.9 ± 22.28 jttm (range, 104 to 155 /an), flap diameter was 9.08 ± 0.44 mm (range, 8.7 to 11 mm), hinge size was 4.04 ± 0.61 mm (range, 4 to 6 mm), and hinge-tocenter-of-pupil distance was 4.37 ± 0.24 mm (range, 4 to 4.5 mm). For the Carriazo Barraquer I80-/«n head microkeratome, mean flap thickness was 167.23 ± 24.92 ^m (range, 145 to 198 /nn), flap diameter was 9.12 ± 0.18 mm (range, 9 to 9.4 mm), hinge size was 4.21 ± 0.39 mm (range, 4 to 5 mm), and hinge-to-center-of-pupil distance was 4.47 ± 0.24 mm (range, 4.2 to 4.7 mm). There was no correlation between corneal curvature and flap diameter. No case was aborted due to improper corneal flap creation. An epithelial defect was found in 5 eyes after reverse movement of the Nidek MK2000 microkeratome.
CONCLUSION: The Nidek MK-2000 and the Carriazo Barraquer microkeratomes were effective, safe, and reliable in the creation of corneal flaps for LASLK. [J Refract Surg 2000;16(suppl): S272-S275]
Relationship Between Anterior Chamber Depth, Refractive State, Corneal Diameter, and Axial Length
Authors: Hosny Mohamed , Alió Jorge L , Claramonte Pascual , Attia Walid H , Pérez-Santonja Juan J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Phakic intraocular lenses are being used increasingly to correct refractive errors. We studied the relationship between anterior chamber depth, refractive state of the eye, spherical equivalent refraction, axial length of the globe, corneal diameter, and keratometry.
METHODS: Two hundred eleven eyes of 211 patients were enrolled. All eyes underwent the same protocol with a complete ocular examination that included slit-lamp microscopy, intraocular pressure, objective and subjective refraction, calculation of the spherical equivalent refraction, corneal pachymetry, anterior chamber depth, axial length of the globe, and keratometry. All results were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistics software. Correlations between different parameters were studied using the Pearson correlation test.
RESULTS: The anterior chamber depth was found to correlate significantly with both the average corneal diameter and the axial length of the globe (0.744, 0.531, P < .01) and was also found to correlate through an inverse relation with both age and spherical equivalent refraction (-0.391, -0.623, P < .01). Corneal thickness and keratometric power did not correlate with the anterior chamber depth.
CONCLUSION: Most parameters (axial length, corneal diameter, spherical equivalent refraction, patient age) affected anterior chamber depth and should be considered carefully when planning refractive procedures that employ phakic intraocular lenses. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:336-340]
Laser in situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy for Residual Refractive Error After Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Sánchez-Galeana César A , Smith Ronald J , Rodriguez Xavier , Montes Miguel , Chayet Arturo S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the visual and refractive outcome of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in eyes with prior posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for high myopia.
METHODS: We studied a series of 37 consecutive eyes of 31 patients who underwent LASIK or PRK for residual refractive error following collamer posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) (Staar Surgical Implantable Contact Lens) implantation into a phakic eye. Twenty-eight eyes had LASIK and nine eyes had PRK. Mean follow-up was 8.1 ± 4.7 months after laser ablation (range, 3 to 18 mo).
RESULTS: The preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction prior to phakic posterior chamber IOL implantation was -17.74 ± 4.89 D (range, -9.75 to -28.00 D). Following phakic IOL implantation and prior to LASIK or PRK, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -2.56 ± 2.34 D (range, -0.25 to -8.75 D). One month following LASIK or PRK, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.24 ± 0.52 D (range, -1.50 to +1.50 D), 3 months following LASIK or PRK, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.19 ± 0.50 D (range, -1.50 to +1.00 D). The refraction was within ±1.00 D of emmetropia in 36 eyes (97.2%) and within ±0.50 D in 31 eyes (83.7%). Three eyes developed anterior subcapsular opacities several weeks after laser ablation, one eye developed macular hemorrhage 4 weeks after laser ablation, and one eye had corticosteroid induced ocular hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: LASIK or PRK can be used to treat the residual refractive error following posterior chamber phakic IOL implantation. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:299-304]
The Effect of Corneal Stretch on the Endothelium
Authors: Miller David , Weiss Jeffrey N 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A model has been developed to describe the phenomenon of corneal stretch. In the model situation, suction is applied to the corneal surface of the bovine eye. The newly induced corneal shape forces the endothelial layer to stretch and sometimes to tear apart in places. This same type of stretch can be induced when a soft lens is placed on the bovine cornea.
We postulate that drying of the soft lens produces a local flow of water from the cornea at the lens periphery with a secondary bowing of the central cornea. These results are confirmed by a decrease in the peripheral keratometry readings with an increase in the central keratometry measurements. The resultant deformation increases the posterior surface area of the cornea thus stretching the endothelium. These reversible/irreversible changes are time/drying dependent.
The endothelial effects of corneal bending, as in cataract extraction, radial keratotomy and tight suture placement were investigated. As expected, when these techniques stretch the cornea, the result is endothelial changes.