bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance With a Standard of Care for Retinopathy of Prematurity in One Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Trainor Susan , White George L , Trunnell Eric , Kivlin Jane D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Standards of care are an integral part of providing safe and proper health care to the public. One such standard is the screening of premature infants for retlnopathy of prematurity. In a retrospective chart review of 67 infants in an intensive cate nursery, a high Incidence of noncompliance with the standard was found In infants with over 1251-g birth weight, but that infants under 1251-g birth weight and eligible for participation in an investigation of retinopathy of prematurity had a high degree of compliance with the standard. These findings resulted in the adoption of recommendations to Improve compliance with the standard.
Cystoid Macular Edema in Pediatric Aphakia
Authors: Pinchoff Barry S , Ellis Forrest D , Helveston Eugene M , Sato Sam E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after cataract extraction in the pediatrie age group coufd adversely affect rapid visual rehabilitation of the eye by contributing to irreversible amblyopia. Several previous studies, including one by our group, have addressed this problem. Hoyt's observations of CME in ten of 27 eyes undergoing lensectomy-vitrectomy procedures have stirred renewed interest In this topic. The current study includes 12 eyes undergoing lensectomy-vitrectomy procedures, five eyes undergoing manual extracapsular procedures (ECCE) with discission of the posterior capsule, three eyes undergoing ECCE without discission of the posterior capsule, and three eyes undergoing secondary discissione. No CME was found anglographically on postoperative evaluation.
Recognition and Repair of the Slipped Rectus Muscle
Authors: Plager David A , Parks Marshall M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Since the first description of the slipped muscle as a complication of strabismus surgery in 1979, the distinctions between it and the lost muscle have become blurred both in the literature and in general understanding. Sixtytwo slipped muscles in 52 consecutive patients were reviewed in an effort to more fully describe this Important and often unrecognized entity. The range of clinical presentation of slipped muscle is large: from the immediate large postoperative over- or undercorrection with absent duction, to the gradual moderate deviation with subtly reduced excursion. The auctions provided by the slipped muscles ranged from complete absence to almost normal, with an average of 19° excursion beyond the midline. At surgery, recognizing the empty muscle capsule attached to the sclera with the tendon slipped posteriorly within it is imperative for its repair. Recognition is facilitated by suspecting it from clinical findings. Correction of the motility defect requires advancement of the muscle tissue and not just its empty capsule. Slippage can probably be prevented by using a surgical technique, which firmly locks the suture to the tendon and not just to the muscle capsule.
Adding a Sexual Assessment to the Health Interview
Authors: Whitley Marilyn Peddicord , Willingham David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Sexual dysfunctions cause considerable distress for many people. These dysfunctions often go unrecognized and, therefore, untreated. This unfortunate situation can last for years; many cases undoubtedly go untreated for entire lifetimes. In making patient assessments, nurse clinicians have excellent opportunities to ascertain the presence of a sexual dysfunction. This article includes information dealing with the effects of the interview environment on the efficacy of the interview; it provides up-to-date knowledge pertaining to human sexual functioning and basic sexual dysfunctions; and contains a review of communication skills important in conducting a successful sexual assessment. Finally, based on the belief that the clinician's awareness affects his or her ability to recognize and appreciate the client's problem, there is a discussion of personal attitudes regarding sexuality including an inventory of personal sexual awareness-
Factors Influencing Sexual Expression in Aging Persons: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Friedeman Joyce Sutkamp 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This review of the literature has postulated a conceptual framework for viewing a system of variables which influence present sexual expression in older persons. These variables include one's demographic factors, value system, knowledge about sexuality, prior patterns of sexual expression, social and economic resources, physical health and emotional health. Present sexual expression encompasses all forms of sexual activities with or without partners.
The factors which have drawn the most attention from researchers are the demographic factors of age and marital status, and physical health. Knowledge variables and one's value system seem to be the factors least explored. An evaluation of research methods in these studies is presented along with recommendations for further research.
The Role of Operations Research and Systems Analysis in Holding Down the Costs of Hospitals and Clinics
Authors: Singh Amar J , May Philip R A , Messick Janice M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In the past, medical care facilities have concentrated primarily on professional clinical evaluation. With the cost of treatment rising rapidly, it is becoming increasingly important to critically review and analyze our delivery systems so that scarce resources can be used optimally. In this paper the applications of operations research (O.R.) and systems analysis techniques that have been employed successfully in private industry are explored to find ways to improve clinical operations and hold costs down.
A Descriptive Study of the Attitudes of Psychiatrists Toward the New Role of the Nurse Therapist
Authors: Davidson Kathleen Rose , Donovan Karin Byrne , Gilman Christine Sneigocki , Gilmore Barbara Schuler , Hebert Gail Roger , Jayko Pearl Farley , Langan Barbara A , Mahoney Ellen McNamara , Mieske Marlene , Peck Joan , Spicer Sheila Fackson 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A questionnaire was administered to explore the psychiatrists' attitude toward the role of the Psychiatric Nurse Therapist (PNT). The responses of 200 psychiatrists (44% usable response rate) were scored for knowledge of the role and hypothetical utilization of the PNT. Attitude was assumed inferable from utilization scores. Data analysis revealed that attitude is positively correlated with knowledge of the role and prior contact with the PNT.
Major Treatment Issues and Techniques in Family Therapy with the Borderline Adolescent
Authors: Danziger Sharon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The adolescent with a borderline personality disorder must deal with issues in therapy specific to the borderline personality. The same unresolved issues can be found in the family of this patient. This paper focuses on five major issues in the treatment of the borderline adolescent and his family. Techniques in dealing with these issues are suggested for the family therapist.*
Group Therapy with Parolees in a Community Mental Health Center
Authors: Baier Marjorie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Former prison inmates who are required to seek mental health services, but who see no personal need themselves for such services, are often reluctant mental health clients. Although they are reluctant, they represent a vulnerable population which can benefit from support, such as that found in a self-help group. A second potential difficulty involves the feelings of the therapist, which may include distrust and frustration. The purposes of this article are to (1) present the clinical problem of dealing with such reluctant clients; (2) present a solution developed using the nursing process; (3) relate the change in the feelings of the therapist as the group progressed; and (4) present information about unique mental health needs of parolees.
Reluctant mental health clients who say, "I don't know why I have to come here," tend to show little progress in individual psychotherapy, in my experience as a community mental health nurse. One source of referral for such reluctant clients is the state correctional system. The parole board and parole officer, recognizing a history of mental health problems or current emotional stress, have the statutory option of requiring that the parolees seek mental health services, in an unspecified mental health setting. In my position as a nurse therapist in a community mental health center, I receive referrals of these reluctant clients. Until recently, each referral was a source of frustration since these clients usually deny any personal need for mental health services but do represent a vulnerable population, experiencing disequilibrium and evidencing the effects of institutionalization (Goffman, 1961).
For clarification, parolees are former inmates of a state or federal prison. They remain under the supervision of the Department of Corrections for a specified length of time and must follow certain rules or return to prison. They differ from people on probation who are under the supervision of the court and who have not first gone to prison. This article will focus only on parole referrals since I have found that the problems of those on probation are different from the problems of those on parole.
The nursing process, which I applied to the problem of reluctant parolee clients, is a set of logical steps to meet the clients' needs (Miller, 1980). These steps are assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. I assessed the needs of the clients and my feelings as therapist. I planned group therapy as the intervention, and group therapy was implemented. The evaluation encompassed evaluating the impact of group treatment on the parolees and the change in my feelings toward parole referrals.
Adlerian Community Treatment with Schizophrenic Clients
Authors: Lantz James E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper illustrates and reviews the use of Adlerian concepts when working with extremely disturbed schizophrenic clients. The article outlines the philosophy that extremely disturbed schizophrenic clients can be taught to live outside a hospital setting and to replace psychotic compensation method with useful social living skills. A case illustration also is presented.
I have two major purposes in writing this article. First, I wish to illustrate and express my conviction that people who have a history of acting in ways that generally are categorized as "schizophrenic" can change their style of living, can stay out of the mental hospital, and can learn to live an enjoyable, fulfilling, and socially useful life. My second conviction is that many Adlerian concepts are exceptionally useful as "clinical roadmaps" when working with the schizophrenic client. This has been my experience while working with a large number of psychotic clients over the past ten years.
Staff Stress on an Alzheimer's Unit
Authors: Mobily Paula R , Maas Meridean L , Buckwalter Kathleen C , Kelley Lisa Skemp 
Published: April 2021

Nurses working with the elderly encounter many complex and potentially stressful care situations. Nowhere is this more true than for nursing home staff who work in highly demanding, labor- and client-intensive jobs. A number of factors contribute to the high levels of stress found among nurses who work with the elderly, including continual exposure to physical and emotional pathology and death, and conflict with families, co-workers, supervisors, and representatives from other departments or professions (Goldin, 1985; Klus, 1980).
When the stress level in a long-term care facility becomes overwhelming, role conflict, ambiguity, poor self-esteem, and burnout may ensue (Goldin, 1985; Heine, 1986; Klus, 1980; Morrow- Winn, 1985). The process of burnout is characterized by a progressive loss of idealism, energy, and purpose that eventually leads to emotional overextension and exhaustion (Price, 1984).
Radial Keratotomy in Intact Epikeratoplasty Graft
Authors: Casebeer J Charles , Shapiro David R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epikeratoplasty can be used to flatten the cornea in keratoconus but is not a satisfactory tool to correct refractive errors in this setting. Radial and astigmatic keratotomy are unpredictable in keratoconus but can be used in an eye which has previously undergone epikeratoplasty for keratoconus.
METHODS: We report a case of a Pseudophakie eye with keratoconus which received epikeratoplasty and subsequently underwent radial and astigmatic keratotomy in the graft.
RESULTS: Before the refractive keratotomy, the patient had a refraction of -8.00 + 3.25 ? 25. At 5 months after radial and astigmatic keratotomy, the patient had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/60+ with a refraction of -0.50 + 2.00 ? 28.
CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates how different types of refractive corneal surgery can be combined to improve visual acuity in an individual patient. Whether the specific combination of epikeratoplasty and refractive keratotomy can be advocated in the treatment of keratoconus requires more experience with a greater number of patients. Refract Corneal Surg 1 993;9: 1 33- 1 34.)
Visual, Refractive, and Patient Satisfaction Results Following Bilateral Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Van Westenbrugge John A , Johnson W Harold , Willerscheidt Anton B , Sun Ran , Ferensowicz Maria 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Reports of the visual, refractive, and patient satisfaction results after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) are now becoming available.
The visual, refractive, and patient satisfaction results of 52 patients after bilateral excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia were studied. Patient satisfaction was measured using a five-part questionnaire. Initial patients obtained an overcorrection which necessitated adjusting the programmed correction to 75% of targeted correction. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S5-S10.)
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy to Correct Residual Myopia After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Hahn Tae Won , Kim Jae Ho , Lee Young Chun 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We performed excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on 10 undercorrected myopic eyes of nine patients with residual myopia, (N =2, >-6.00 D, N =8, -2.00 -5.75 D) after radial keratotomy. Patients' mean age was 32.1 years. The time interval between radial keratotomy and PRK ranged from 12 to 90 months (mean 35). All patients after PRK were followed 9 months or more.
Nine months following PRK, uncorrected visual acuity ranged from 20/25 to 20/50 in all cases. Mean manifest refractive changed from -5.06 D preoperatively to -0.66 D after surgery, and the mean keratometric power changed from 41.40 ±1.56 D to 38.48 ±1.77 D.
Persistent corneal haze (grade 1) was noted only in one eye at 9 months and no other significant complications occurred. Therefore, excimer laser PRK appears to be a good method to correct residual myopia after radial keratotomy. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S25-S29.)
Correction of Myopic Anisometropia with Photorefractive Keratectomy in 15 Eyes
Authors: Georgaras S P , Neos G , Margetis S P , Tzenaki M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was performed to correct postoperative myopia and anisometropia in 15 eyes: seven eyes following IOL implantation, six eyes after radial keratotomy, and two eyes after corneal transplantation. The results for the first IOL group were similar to simple PRK in cases of myopia. The RK group showed a tendency for overcorrection. Penetrating keratoplasty eyes showed, after 6 months, changing and moderate haze. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S29-S34.)
Multistep Photorefractive Keratectomy for High Myopia
Authors: Cho Young Soo , Kim Chang Geun , Kim Won Boong , Kim Chang Woo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Nineteen human myopic eyes exceeding -8.00 D underwent multi-step excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with 6-month follow up. We performed two or three step PRK at the same time according to the amount of myopia present. The preoperative refraction ranged from -8.87 D to - 16.99 D (mean - 12.28 D). The mean attempted correction was 7.83 D. Six months after surgery, the mean refraction was -2.23 D. Keratometry demonstrated stable flattening of the cornea, and pachometry showed central cornea thinning. Seventeen eyes had clear or trace corneal haze. Above results showed multi-step PRK is a safe and relatively efficient procedure for correction of high myopia, but long-term follow up will be necessary to determine the stability of this procedure. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S37-S41.)
Randomized Study of Single vs Double Exposure in Myopic PRK
Authors: Scialdone Antonio , Carones Francesco , Bertuzzi Alberto , Brancato Rosario 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Multizone PRK has been suggested to increase the predictability of higher myopic corrections. The technique consists of dividing the intended correction between two or three different concentric ablation zones, achieving less depth and a smoother ablation profile. We randomized 24 eyes with refractions between -6.00 and -9.00 D for single or double ablation-zone PRK. At 1 year no significant difference in refraction and complications were found between the two treatments. The multizone PRK technique may be safely employed to reduce the maximum central depth of the keratectomy in high myopies. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl.) 1993;9:S41-S43)
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy in Nine Eyes With Superficial Corneal Diseases
Authors: Hahn Tae Won , Sah Woo Jin , Kim Jae Ho 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We performed phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in seven patients (nine eyes) with superficial corneal disease such as band keratopathy (one patient), Reis-Biickler's dystrophy (one patient, two eyes), granular dystrophy (two patients, three eyes), recurrent granular dystrophy (one patient), postinfection scar (one patient), and corneal scarring after pterygium removal (one patient). All patients received PTK after topical anesthesia with Pontocaine 0.5% and underwent epithelial removal with a surgical blade. We used methylcellulose 1.0% as a surface modulator before laser ablation.
Focal ablation of the central cornea with an ablation zone of 5 mm was performed routinely in most eyes and a smoothing technique was applied only in two eyes. All patients were followed for more than 9 months. Uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were significantly improved in six patients (8 eyes) and a mild hyperopic shift occurred in all eyes that received PTK centrally. Mild to moderate corneal haze appeared in these corneas during the first few months after surgery.
Some patients avoided the need for keratoplasty. No significant complications occurred after PTK except recurrence of granular deposits in one case of granular dystrophy.
Bilateral Simultaneous Myopic PRK as Experienced by an Ophthalmologist
Authors: MacRobert Iain J , Ho Samuel S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We have been performing excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) since November 1991. As of August 1992, we had done 83 PRKs, of which 28 were bilateral, including two patients who had just 3 days separation between procedures. The majority of our patients requested PRK because of contact lens intolerance in Hong Kong's dusty environment. Some requested bilateral surgery at the same operative session to avoid anisometropia without their contact lenses, as well as to endure only one laser surgery with its attendant discomfort. As the bilateral approach became a routine part of our laser practice, many patients who had opted for unilateral procedures stated that, had they been able to take a little more time off, they also would have preferred this technique. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S1 18-S121.)
Phototorefractive Keratectomy-A Personal Insight
Authors: Cohen Peter 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The author, aged 48, an active Summit excimer laser user, had his own right myopic eye corrected by photorefractive keratectomy. Surgery was performed on April 17, 1992, to an eye with a spherical equivalent of -4.50 D, with a postoperative refraction goal of -0.75. This personal experience has allowed for some practical insights which are helpful in advising patients on expectations after PRK. (Refracf Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9.S121S122)
Excimer Laser Photoablation of Primary Familial Amyloidosis of the Cornea
Authors: John Maurice E , Martines Eduardo , Cvintal Tadeu , Ballew Carol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 31-year old female underwent lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of bilateral primary familial amyloidosis of the cornea in 1983 (OS), 1986 (OD), and 1989 (OS). The lesions recurred bilaterally and visual acuity in 1992 was 20/400 in each eye. After debridement of essentially all corneal epithelium, the entire cornea of the left eye was treated with excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). One month postoperatively, visual acuity was 20/50 and the corneal surface appeared smooth and clear with no evidence of recurrence. Four months postoperatively, the patient continued to be free of recurrence. (Refract Corneal Surg (suppl) 1993;9:S138-S141.)
Locating the Corneal Sighting Center From Videokeratography
Authors: Mandell Robert B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The corneal sighting center is defined by the intersection of the line of sight with the anterior corneal surface and is usually found by measuring angle lambda, between the pupillary axis and the line of sight. It is to be determined if a measurement of the pupil offset in the corneal map of videokeratography might be used instead of angle lambda to provide a practical clinical method for finding the corneal sighting center.
METHOD: Two-dimensional angle lambda measurements were made in a group of 17 young adult Caucasian subjects under natural pupil conditions, using an apparatus designed for this purpose, and were compared to measurements of the corneal sighting center position as located by videokeratography.
RESULTS: The correlation between angle lambda as measured directly and the pupil offset as measured by videokeratography was 0.84, which is statistically and clinically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: The position of the corneal sighting center may be found relative to the corneal reflex of a fixated light by using the distance and direction of the pupil offset in the corneal map of videokeratography, or indirectly by taking 0.6 times the same value and measuring in the opposite direction from the pupillary axis. The latter method does not require active fixation by the patient. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:253-259.]