bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanobiological Stimulations of Algal Cells for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Song Jihwan , Kim Dongchoul , Lee Luke P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStimulation of microalgae enables high lipid productivity because the induced stress can lead to a change in the microalgal metabolism. However, existing systems based on the control of pH, temperature, or nitrogen that stimulate microalgae through a culture medium face difficulties in maintaining the stress or are accompanied by complicated procedures to exert this stress, which decreases the lipid productivity. Here, the mechanobiological stimulations of algal cells via effective collisions in a soft lattice and phototaxis system are presented for energy harvesting. An energy harvesting system with a soft lattice (i.e., a micropillar array) is designed, which radiates light through a waveguide. Numerical simulations show that the average number of collisions when the distance of the soft lattice is set to be 10 mm and the intensity of light is set to 30 W m−2 is increased by up to 300% than in conditions without light. However, more interestingly, this amplifying effect disappears when the distance of the soft lattice becomes significantly small (e.g., 0.1 mm) owing to the reduced gradient and excessively enhanced intensity of light by their superposition. This analysis provides important insights into the design of mechanobiological stimulation‐based energy harvesting systems of algal cells.
Surface Study of Cu2SnS3 Using First‐Principles Density Functional Theory
Authors: Dahule Rohit , Raghav Abhishek , Hanindriyo Adie Tri , Hongo Kenta , Maezono Ryo , Panda Emila 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere, the electronic structure of monoclinic Cu2SnS3 (CTS) along with the surface energy and surface electronic structure of (200) and (31) terminated surfaces are computed using density functional theory (DFT). Moreover, this computation is carried out using the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional after geometry optimization of ions performed using local density approximation (LDA). Surface distortion is seen for both these considered CTS surfaces after geometrical optimization of these surface supercells. In (200) surface supercell, Cu and Sn atoms are seen to move inwards, and outwards respectively, whereas, for (31) surface supercell, S atoms show high lateral displacement. Moreover, the relaxation effect of subsurface ions results in the displacement of 0.1 Å, which further reduced beyond the second layer for (200) surface supercell, whereas, (31) surface shows the random displacement of the subsurface ions. Moreover, the surface energy of (200) and (31) surfaces are calculated to be 0.0292 and 0.3106 eV Å−2, respectively, indicating (200) being the more stable CTS surface. Furthermore, the valence and conduction band edges of these surfaces are found to overlap, suggesting metallic characteristics for these surfaces contrary to the semiconducting behavior found for the bulk CTS (with the calculated band gap of 0.78 eV).
Design of Planar Reconfigurable, Tunable, and Wide Angle Resonant Absorbers for Applications in the IR Spectrum
Authors: Gomes de Souza Igor Leonardo , Rodriguez‐Esquerre Vitaly Felix , Alves Oliveira Israel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA hybrid resonant absorber Fabry Perot—FP tunable from a simple stack of planar layers of ultra‐thin films of phase change material is proposed, designed, and demonstrated numerically. This work shows that properly designed metal–dielectric–metal) structures comprising thin films of titanium (Ti), germanium telluride (GeTe) on a silver (Ag) substrate produce a dynamic modulation of light in the near IR with almost perfect absorption (A > 93%). It is demonstrated that the resonant peaks of the hybrid absorber can be tuned in two different ways for any wavelength, with the crystallization fractions and the thickness of the dielectric. The influence of the metallic top layer thickness is also analyzed and demonstrated the fabrication error tolerance of the proposed absorber is demonstrated. Also analyzed is the influence of the thickness of the metallic top layer and tolerance to fabrication error of the proposed absorber is demonstrated. Finally, the physical mechanisms for the coupling of the electromagnetic field and the absorbed optical power in the structure proposed are presented and discussed. This study allows the beginning of the development of hybrid devices to control the absorption of light in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum used in optical communications.
Large‐Area Blade‐Coated Solar Cells: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Xiao Yifan , Zuo Chuantian , Zhong Jun‐Xing , Wu Wu‐Qiang , Shen Liang , Ding Liming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising alternatives for silicon‐based solar cells. At present, the key point for commercialization of PSCs and OSCs is realizing large‐scale production while maintaining the same high efficiency as small‐area ones. In this review, the blade‐coating method for preparing large‐area films is introduced first and the recent advances of blade‐coated OSCs and PSCs are summarized. Then, the effects of blading parameters on the crystal growth and film formation of the light‐harvesting materials are discussed. Moreover, the limitations and advantages of making high‐quality films via blade‐coating are discussed. Finally, some strategies for the up‐scaling of solar cells via blade‐coating are proposed.
Rationalizing the Unprecedented Stereochemistry of an Enzymatic Nitrile Synthesis through a Combined Computational and Experimental Approach
Authors: Yavuzer Hilmi , Asano Yasuhisa , Gröger Harald 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, the unique and unprecedented stereochemical phenomenon of an aldoxime dehydratase‐catalyzed enantioselective dehydration of racemic E‐ and Z‐aldoximes with selective formation of both enantiomeric forms of a chiral nitrile is rationalized by means of molecular modelling, comprising in silico mutations and docking studies. This theoretical investigation gave detailed insight into why with the same enzyme the use of racemic E‐ and Z‐aldoximes leads to opposite forms of the chiral nitrile. The calculated mutants with a larger or smaller cavity in the active site were then prepared and used in biotransformations, showing the theoretically predicted decrease and increase of the enantioselectivities in these nitrile syntheses. This validated model also enabled the rational design of mutants with a smaller cavity, which gave superior enantioselectivities compared to the known wild‐type enzyme, with excellent E‐values of up to E>200 when the mutant OxdRE‐Leu145Phe was utilized.
An Ion‐In‐Conjugation‐Boosted Organic Semiconductor Gas Sensor Operating at High Temperature and Immune to Moisture
Authors: Yu Chuang , He Jing‐Hui , Cheng Xue‐Feng , Lin Hong‐Zhen , Yu Haitao , Lu Jian‐Mei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic electrical gas sensors have been developed for many decades because of their high sensitivity and selectivity. However, their industrialization is severely hindered by their intrinsic humidity susceptibility and poor recovery. Conventional organic sensory materials can only operate at room temperature owing to their weak intermolecular interactions. Herein, we demonstrate using a croconate polymer (poly‐4,4′‐biphenylcroconate) that the “ion‐in‐conjugation” concept enables organic gas sensors to operate at 100 °C and 70 % relative humidity with almost complete recovery. The fabricated sensor had a parts‐per‐billion (ppb) detection limit for NO2 and showed the highest sensitivity (2526 ppm−1 at 40 ppb) of all reported NO2 chemiresistive sensors. Furthermore, charge transfer increased with temperature. Theoretical calculations and in situ FTIR spectra confirmed the ion‐in‐conjugation‐inspired hydrogen bond as key for excellent sensitivity. A NO2 alarm system was assembled to demonstrate the feasibility of this sensor.
Extension of lubricant drain interval by modified pure biomass oil filter
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Chen Lu , Gan Xianqian , Pan Shouquan , Pan Hongkun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the extensive use of internal combustion engines, the large volume of lubricant consumption has become an urgent problem. In this study, a new adsorbent of modified sawdust (MS) was used to clean the waste diesel engine lubricant and prepared into a pure biomass oil filter (PBF) for the actual operation of buses. The characterization results of sawdust showed that the crystallinity index of MS enhanced 19.26%, and MS had smoother morphology, obvious pores than raw sawdust (RS). In on‐road tests, both total acid number (1 mg KOH·g−1) and total base number (9 mg KOH·g−1) were within the permitted range of the standard, and the kinematic viscosity showed a decreasing trend. In addition, the concentration of metals and insoluble colloids (<0.2%) in the lubricant was far below the oil change limit, which made the oil drain interval of the two vehicles extended from 15 000 km (recommended by manufacture) to 60 500 and 71 500 km, respectively. Conclusively, it is believed that PBF is efficient to alleviate lubricant deterioration and prolong the oil drain interval.
Biodegradable PLA based nanocomposites for packaging applications: The effects of organo‐modified bentonite concentration
Authors: Bezerra Lima Edla Maria , Middea Antonieta , Marconcini José Manoel , Corrêa Ana Carolina , Fernandes Pereira Jéssica , Vieira Guimarães Alessandra , Firmino de Lima Josimar , Ramos dos Anjos Marianna , Miranda de Castro Izabela , Nunes Oliveira Renata , Ramos Moreira Carla , de Paiva Maurício Magalhães , Rangel Francisco Luiz Correa , Neumann Reiner 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe effects of concentration and surface modification of two Brazilian bentonite clays on nanocomposites' properties based on polylactic acid – (PLA) were investigated. The samples were prepared by the extrusion/injection method to obtain biodegradable packaging plastics. The raw materials and their bionanocomposites were characterized by various techniques. Natural clay samples presented a size of around 2 μm while the modified ones' size was 5–6 μm, probably due to the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in the interlayer space. The particle size and the contact angle increased with the treatment and the clay's density decreased. The organoclays were homogeneously dispersed in PLA, which can be associated with the interactions between PLA chains' carbonyl groups and the organoclays. The bionanocomposites present modified clay particles axis aligned to the flow direction of the extruder/injector. Chocolate organoclay acts as a nucleating agent to PLA crystal growth, increasing the sample's crystallinity, while Bofe organoclay interferes with the amorphous chain's mobility and diminishes the sample's crystallization. The addition of both organoclays to PLA diminished the sample's elongation at break and strength, although the organoclays increased the sample's Young modulus, even though Bofe organoclay is more active in PLA amorphous phase and Chocolate organoclay on the crystalline one.
Sixteen analysands' and large groups' reactions to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Volkan Vamık 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first part of this paper describes 16 analysands' reactions to the COVID‐19 pandemic, from early March 2020 until mid‐January 2021 when this paper was written, when different vaccines for the virus have become available and when the new COVID‐19 variant showed its face. The data come from the author's supervision via telephone of 10 younger psychoanalysts who were treating one or two of these cases. Most of the analysts and their analysands are located in Istanbul, Turkey, others in the United States and one analyst and her patient in Germany. The second part of this paper describes how the initial response to the virus pandemic has increased some of the 16 analysands' investments in their large‐group identities. The pandemic's impact on “border psychology” is also described. Lastly, this paper poses suggestions about the psychoanalyst's role in making helpful suggestions in dealing with the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on large groups.
Protein Mannosylation as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Lupus Nephritis: An Unusual Glycan Neoepitope in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Alves Inês , Santos‐Pereira Beatriz , Dalebout Hans , Santos Sofia , Vicente Manuel M. , Campar Ana , Thepaut Michel , Fieschi Franck , Strahl Sabine , Boyaval Fanny , Vizcaíno Ramon , Silva Roberto , Holst‐Bernal Stephanie , Vasconcelos Carlos , Santos Lélita , Wuhrer Manfred , Marinho António , Heijs Bram , Pinho Salomé S. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveChanges in protein glycosylation are a hallmark of immune‐mediated diseases. Glycans are master regulators of the inflammatory response and are important molecules in self–nonself discrimination. This study was undertaken to investigate whether lupus nephritis (LN) exhibits altered cellular glycosylation to identify a unique glycosignature that characterizes LN pathogenesis.MethodsA comprehensive tissue glycomics characterization was performed in kidney specimens from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and biopsy‐proven LN. A combination of advanced tissue mass spectrometry, in situ glyco‐characterization, and ex vivo glycophenotyping was performed to structurally map the repertoire of N‐glycans in LN tissue samples.ResultsLN exhibited a unique glycan signature characterized by increased abundance and spatial distribution of unusual mannose‐enriched glycans that are typically found in lower microorganisms. This glycosignature was specific for LN, as it was not observed in other kidney diseases. Exposure of mannosylated glycans in LN was shown to occur at the cell surface of kidney cells, promoting increased recognition by specific glycan‐recognizing receptors expressed by immune cells. This abnormal glycosignature of LN was shown to be due to a deficient complex N‐glycosylation pathway and a proficient O‐mannosylation pathway. Moreover, mannosylation levels detected in kidney biopsy samples from patients with LN at the time of diagnosis were demonstrated to predict the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with 93% specificity.ConclusionCellular mannosylation is a marker of LN, predicting the development of CKD, and thus representing a potential glycobiomarker to be included in the diagnostic and prognostic algorithm of LN.
Distributed fault tolerant model predictive control for multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle system
Authors: Zhang Boyang , Sun Xiuxia , Liu Shuguang , Deng Xiongfeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the cooperative tracking control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles with unknown faults. Considering the practical case that the unmanned aerial vehicles suffer from strong nonlinearities, external disturbances, actuator, and sensor faults, this brief investigates the distributed adaptive fault tolerant scheme for multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle system within model predictive control framework. Firstly, for preparation to the fault occurrence case, the baseline model predictive control scheme is designed under fault‐free case. Then considering the fault occurrence, a fault detection strategy is proposed by means of the moving horizon estimation and linearly parameterized approximation for actuator and sensor faults, respectively. Thereby with the characterized fault information, the fault tolerant model predictive control scheme is constructed by using an adaptive updating mechanism to compensate for actuator and sensor faults simultaneously. Finally, simulations well demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control scheme.
Pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL‐α, induces autism spectrum disorder‐like and co‐morbid phenotypes in adult C57BL/J mice
Authors: Fyke William , Alarcon Juan Marcos , Velinov Milen , Chadman Kathryn K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence links dysfunction in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) with the pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Variants in ECS genes CNR1 and DAGLA are associated with neurological phenotypes in humans. The endocannabinoids (eCBs), 2‐AG and AEA, which act at the primary cannabinoid receptor (CB1), mediate behaviors relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. The overlap between these eCBs is poorly understood. Most ECS studies have focused on stress responses, anxiety, and epilepsy, however, its role in social behavior and communication has only recently come under investigation. This represents a critical gap in our understanding of the ECS and its relationship to ASD. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of ASD and a lack of therapeutics emphasize a crucial need for novel therapeutic targets. To this aim, we used an inhibitor of the eCB producing enzyme DGL‐α, DO34, and the CB1 inverse agonist, rimonabant, to evaluate the role of the primary eCB, 2‐AG, in ASD. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were used in a series of behavioral paradigms which assessed social behavior, social communication, repetitive behaviors, anxiety and locomotor activity. DO34 and rimonabant increased anxiety‐like behavior, while only DO34 induced hyperactivity, social deficits, and repetitive self‐grooming behavior. These data indicate that reduced 2‐AG bioavailability, or CB1 inhibition, each induce unique respective behavioral phenotypes relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly ASD. This suggests fundamental differences in CB1 signaling via 2‐AG and the CB1 receptor itself, particularly for social behaviors, and that 2‐AG signaling may represent a target for the development of novel therapeutics.Lay SummaryEndocannabinoids play a critical role in the developing nervous system. Alterations in the endocannabinoid system are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies suggest these variants may play a critical role in the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. In this study, pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL‐α, induced a constellation of deficits in behavioral domains associated with autism.
Colorimetric identification of miRNA‐195 sequence for diagnosing osteosarcoma
Authors: Xu Zhendong , Zheng Kunlun , Du Zhuang , Xin Jindang , Luo Meimei , Wang Fengdan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImproving biosensing performance is mandatory for biomolecular recognition and disease identification. Gold nanoparticle (GNP)‐based colorimetric assay is the easy and cost‐effective identification method by a naked eye detection. In this research, osteosarcoma biomarker (miRNA‐195) was identified by citrate‐capped GNP‐colorimetric assay. As salt‐induced aggregation was used to observe the color changes of GNP, sodium chloride (NaCl) and capture DNA were optimized as 50 mM and ∼20 pmol, respectively. The capture DNA only on GNP could not stabilize under high NaCl, and the color of GNP turned into purple. At the same time, when capture DNA was hybridized with target, the condition can stabilize the GNP under higher NaCl, which retains the GNP color as red. This simple assay reaches the limit of detection of target miRNA‐195 as ∼40 fmol. Control experiments with noncomplementary DNA turned the solution into purple, indicating the specific detection of target. The mixture of target in diluted serum retains the color of the GNP solution to be red, indicating the selective detection of target DNA. This simple assay helps to quantify the level of miRNA‐195 target DNA and to diagnose the osteosarcoma.
Häufigkeit von und Mortalität bei Hochbaueinstürzen
Authors: Proske Dirk , Schmid Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDer Beitrag befasst sich mit der Bestimmung der Einsturzhäufigkeiten von Hochbauten bzw. Gebäuden für verschiedene Länder und Regionen. Zunächst werden entweder direkte Angaben des Gebäudebestands verwendet oder Gebäudebestände über Ersatzparameter abgeschätzt. Die Einsturzereignisse wurden aus der Tagespresse oder aus der Literatur entnommen. Neben der Berechnung der Einsturzhäufigkeiten werden auch die Mortalitäten durch Gebäudeeinstürze bestimmt. Dazu wurden wiederum Angaben aus der Tagespresse oder Literatur verwendet. Außerdem erfolgt eine kurze Diskussion der Ursachen der Gebäudeeinstürze. Für Industrieländer ergibt sich eine mittlere jährliche Einsturzhäufigkeit von 2,4 × 10–7 pro Jahr und für Entwicklungsländer von 4,7 × 10–6 pro Jahr. Die mittlere Mortalität liegt bei 9,8 × 10–8 für die Industrieländer und 1,5 × 10–6 pro Jahr für die Entwicklungsländer. Die Ursachen von Gebäudeeinstürzen liegen in den Entwicklungsländern – und damit bei der überwiegenden Anzahl der Einstürze – in der ungenügenden Qualifikation der Beteiligten.
Development of a CRISPR‐Cas9 Based Luciferase Turn‐On System as Nonhomologous End Joining Pathway Reporter
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhao Yanjie , Su Weijun , Guo Xiaojing , Li Shuai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is a need of a non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway reporter system that facilitates screening and discovery of NHEJ chemical inhibitors. In this study, we developed a CRISPR‐Cas9 based luciferase turn‐on system as a NHEJ pathway reporter. By substituting nucleotide 205C with ATC, we introduced a reading‐frame shift and a pre‐stop codon into the luciferase coding region and thereby generated a bioluminescent signal mute HEK293T reporter cell line. Then, a CRISPR‐Cas9 plasmid expressing a guide RNA targeting luciferase coding region was introduced into the reporter cell line to generate NHEJ‐associated indel to restore the reading frame and subsequently turn on the bioluminescent signal. We observed over three‐thousand fold increase in signal after CRISPR‐Cas9 vector transfection. Different known chemical inhibitors of the NHEJ pathway, such as NU7441, KU0060648, and KU55933, could significantly inhibit the bioluminescent signal generated by CRISPR‐Cas9 targeting. In addition, we validated our system by high throughput sequencing.