bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework to support the design and cultivation of embedded research initiatives
Authors: Ward Vicky , Tooman Tricia , Reid Benet , Davies Huw , O’ Brien Breid , Mear Liz , Marshall Martin 
Published: April 2021

Background: Embedded research involves co-locating researchers within non-academic organisations to better link research and practice. Embedded research initiatives are often complex and emergent with a range of underlying intents, structures and processes. This can create tensions within initiatives and contributes to ongoing uncertainty about the most suitable designs and the effectiveness of different approaches.
Aims and objectives: We aimed to devise a practical framework to support those designing and cultivating embedded research by operationalising findings from an extensive study of existing initiatives.
Key conclusions: The underpinning research on embedded initiatives – a literature review and scoping exercise of initiatives in health settings across the UK – showed that such initiatives share ten common sets of concerns in relation to their intent, structure and processes. We used these insights during a co-production workshop with embedded researchers and their managers that made use of a range of creative activities.
The workshop resulted in a practical framework (and associated web-based tools) that draw on the metaphor of a garden to represent the growing, emergent nature of embedded research initiatives and the active work which individuals and organisations need to put into planning and maintaining such initiatives. Each of the aspects is represented as a separate area within the garden using relevant visual metaphors. Building on this, we also present a series of reflective questions designed to facilitate discussion and debate about design features, and we link these to the wider literature, thereby helping those involved to articulate and discuss their preferences and expectations.
Investigation of the pulse energy limits of actively Q-switched polarization-maintaining Tm3+-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Schneider Julian , Forster Patrick , Romano Clément , Eichhorn Marc , Kieleck Christelle 
Published: April 2021

A diode-pumped actively Q-switched polarization-maintaining Tm3+-doped fiber laser is reported generating pulse energies of 630 μJ, minimum pulse widths of 42 ns, and a maximum peak power of 13.9 kW with linear polarized output and diffraction-limited beam quality at a wavelength of 2044 nm. The unpolarized fiber laser even reaches pulse energies of 800 μJ, pulse widths of 41 ns, and peak powers of 18.6 kW.
Spatiotemporal distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka and future case burden estimates
Authors: Karunaweera Nadira D. , Senanayake Sanath , Ginige Samitha , Silva Hermali , Manamperi Nuwani , Samaranayake Nilakshi , Dewasurendra Rajika , Karunanayake Panduka , Gamage Deepa , de Silva Nissanka , Senarath Upul , Zhou Guofa 
Published: April 2021

Background
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical vector-borne disease, which is on the rise in Sri Lanka. Spatiotemporal and risk factor analyses are useful for understanding transmission dynamics, spatial clustering and predicting future disease distribution and trends to facilitate effective infection control.

Methods
The nationwide clinically confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis and climatic data were collected from 2001 to 2019. Hierarchical clustering and spatiotemporal cross-correlation analysis were used to measure the region-wide and local (between neighboring districts) synchrony of transmission. A mixed spatiotemporal regression-autoregression model was built to study the effects of climatic, neighboring-district dispersal, and infection carryover variables on leishmaniasis dynamics and spatial distribution. Same model without climatic variables was used to predict the future distribution and trends of leishmaniasis cases in Sri Lanka.

Results
A total of 19,361 clinically confirmed leishmaniasis cases have been reported in Sri Lanka from 2001–2019. There were three phases identified: low-transmission phase (2001–2010), parasite population buildup phase (2011–2017), and outbreak phase (2018–2019). Spatially, the districts were divided into three groups based on similarity in temporal dynamics. The global mean correlation among district incidence dynamics was 0.30 (95% CI 0.25–0.35), and the localized mean correlation between neighboring districts was 0.58 (95% CI 0.42–0.73). Risk analysis for the seven districts with the highest incidence rates indicated that precipitation, neighboring-district effect, and infection carryover effect exhibited significant correlation with district-level incidence dynamics. Model-predicted incidence dynamics and case distribution matched well with observed results, except for the outbreak in 2018. The model-predicted 2020 case number is about 5,400 cases, with intensified transmission and expansion of high-transmission area. The predicted case number will be 9115 in 2022 and 19212 in 2025.

Conclusions
The drastic upsurge in leishmaniasis cases in Sri Lanka in the last few year was unprecedented and it was strongly linked to precipitation, high burden of localized infections and inter-district dispersal. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to arrest an uncontrollable disease spread.
Reporting in clinical studies on platelet-rich plasma therapy among all medical specialties: A systematic review of Level I and II studies
Authors: Nazaroff Jaron , Oyadomari Sarah , Brown Nolan , Wang Dean 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe clinical practice of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has grown significantly in recent years in multiple medical specialties. However, comparisons of PRP studies across medical fields remain challenging because of inconsistent reporting of protocols and characterization of the PRP being administered. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the quantity of level I/II studies within each medical specialty and compare the level of study reporting across medical fields.MethodsThe Cochrane Database, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were queried for level I/II clinical studies on PRP injections across all medical specialties. From these studies, data including condition treated, PRP processing and characterization, delivery, control group, and assessed outcomes were collected.ResultsA total of 132 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and involved 28 different conditions across 8 specialties (cardiothoracic surgery, cosmetic, dermatology, musculoskeletal (MSK), neurology, oral maxillofacial surgery, ophthalmology, and plastic surgery). Studies on PRP for MSK injuries made up the majority of the studies (74%), with knee osteoarthritis and tendinopathy being most commonly studied. Of the 132 studies, only 44 (33%) characterized the composition of PRP used, and only 23 (17%) reported the leukocyte component. MSK studies were more likely to use patient-reported outcome measures to assess outcomes, while studies from other specialties were more likely to use clinician- or imaging-based objective outcomes. Overall, 61% of the studies found PRP to be favorable over control treatment, with no difference in favorable reporting between MSK and other medical specialties.ConclusionsThe majority of level I/II clinical studies investigating PRP therapy across all medical specialties have been conducted for MSK injuries with knee osteoarthritis and tendinopathy being the most commonly studied conditions. Inconsistent reporting of PRP composition exists among all studies in medicine. Rigorous reporting in human clinical studies across all medical specialties is crucial for evaluating the effects of PRP and moving towards disease-specific and individualized treatment.
Application of big-data for epidemiological studies of refractive error
Authors: Moore Michael , Loughman James , Butler John S. , Ohlendorf Arne , Wahl Siegfried , Flitcroft Daniel I. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo examine whether data sourced from electronic medical records (EMR) and a large industrial spectacle lens manufacturing database can estimate refractive error distribution within large populations as an alternative to typical population surveys of refractive error.SubjectsA total of 555,528 patient visits from 28 Irish primary care optometry practices between the years 1980 and 2019 and 141,547,436 spectacle lens sales records from an international European lens manufacturer between the years 1998 and 2016.MethodsAnonymized EMR data included demographic, refractive and visual acuity values. Anonymized spectacle lens data included refractive data. Spectacle lens data was separated into lenses containing an addition (ADD) and those without an addition (SV). The proportions of refractive errors from the EMR data and ADD lenses were compared to published results from the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium and the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS).ResultsAge and gender matched proportions of refractive error were comparable in the E3 data and the EMR data, with no significant difference in the overall refractive error distribution (χ2= 527, p = 0.29, DoF = 510). EMR data provided a closer match to the E3 refractive error distribution by age than the ADD lens data. The ADD lens data, however, provided a closer approximation to the E3 data for total myopia prevalence than the GHS data, up to age 64.ConclusionsThe prevalence of refractive error within a population can be estimated using EMR data in the absence of population surveys. Industry derived sales data can also provide insights on the epidemiology of refractive errors in a population over certain age ranges. EMR and industrial data may therefore provide a fast and cost-effective surrogate measure of refractive error distribution that can be used for future health service planning purposes.
Modified control chart for monitoring the variance
Authors: Landim Tiago Ruckert , Jardim Felipe Schoemer , Oprime Pedro Carlos 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT.
Goal: The main objective of this research paper is to propose a chart, named Modified Control Chart, where the process variance () is allowed to be larger than the in-control variance value () until a maximum value (), as long as the process remains capable, in the sense that it produces a specified (tolerated) small fraction of non-conforming items.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The research methodology was quantitative approach with statistical analysis of simulated data, to assess the practical impact of variance increase in process control in terms of quality requirements.
Results: The analysis of the simulated data showed that by using the proposed Modified Control Chart the number of unnecessary interventions in the process could be decreased, contributing to improve its efficiency.
Limitations of the investigation: The analysis assumed mean and variance known, which is unlikely to occur in real applications. Research considering unknown parameters is also in progress.
Practical implications: The S2 Modified Control Chart detects only genuinely increases in the process variance, which significantly increase the rate of non-conforming items being produced, preventing unnecessary process stop and assessment for assignable causes if only a small increase in the process variance occurs, contributing for higher process efficiency and reduce costs.
Originality / Value: This paper introduces a new control chart to monitor the variance of quality characteristics being produced by capable processes, preventing process overcontrol.
Revisiting the church of Saint Spyridon in Selymbria
Authors: Günay Görkem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although nothing from the Byzantine church of St. Spyridon is preserved in situ today, the primary sources and surviving photographs of the structure indicate that it was built in the simple domed octagon design. In this article, some new architectural fragments which possibly belonged to the church are presented and evaluated, and new interpretations of the earlier restitution hypotheses are suggested. The presence of a domed octagon in Selymbria provides indirect evidence for the existence of the plan scheme in Constantinople in the Middle Byzantine period and implies a reciprocal relationship between regional and Constantinopolitan architectural styles.
On earth as it is in heaven? Reinterpreting the Heavenly Liturgy in Byzantine art
Authors: Marinis Vasileios 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Compositions representing the Heavenly Liturgy - the liturgy that is presided over by Christ in heaven, of which the earthly liturgy is a reflection - first appear around the beginning of the fourteenth century in the decoration of Byzantine domes. Most scholars argue that such scenes depict an ancient concept, almost as old as liturgical exegesis itself. I contend that this view is based on a flawed reading of liturgical commentaries, of the biblical texts from which the commentaries draw inspiration, and of the Divine Liturgy itself. I argue that the scene of the Heavenly Liturgy represents both an exegetical stream independent of texts and an understanding of the eucharistic liturgy during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries that existed in visual form in tandem with traditional textual interpretations of the rite. The scene, devised by painters and their patrons, therefore constitutes a concurrent exegetical tradition that both derived from the commentaries and deviated from them.
Hemoglobin Yamagata [β132(H10)Lys→Asn; (HBB: c.399A>T)]: a mosaic to be put together
Authors: Iacomelli Iacopo , Barberio Giuseppina , Pucci Piero , Monaco Vittoria , Maffei Massimo , Mogni Massimo , Curcio Cristina , Maoggi Sauro , Giulietti Chiara , Harteveld Cornelis L. , Ivaldi Giovanni 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Artifactually altered glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations are frequently linked to hemoglobin (Hb) variants. Their expression and detection require in-depth analysis.

Methods
Cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Bio-Rad Variant™ II; Trinity Biotech Premier Hb9210 Resolution), capillary electrophoresis (CE) (Sebia Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing) and mass spectrometry (MS) (Waters) were used for variant detection; Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and next generation sequencing (NGS) were used for DNA analysis; HbA1c was measured with cation exchange HPLC (Bio-Rad Variant™ II; Arkray Adams HA-8180V; Tosoh HLC-723 G7), CE (Sebia Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing), boronate affinity HPLC (Trinity Biotech Hb9210 Premier), immunoassay (Cobas c501 Tina-quant HbA1c Gen. 3; Nihon Kohden CHM-4100 Celltac chemi HbA1c HA-411V) and enzymatic assay (Abbott Architect c 8000 HbA1c).

Results
Hb Yamagata [β132(H10)Lys→Asn; (HBB: c.399A>T)] was identified in the proband by MS after the observation of an abnormal peak in HPLC and CE. A mosaic expression of this variant was detected by NGS (mutant: 8%; wild type: 92%), after negative results in Sanger sequencing. Hb Yamagata interfered with HbA1c measurements by cation exchange HPLC and CE whereas immuno and enzymatic assay values showed good agreement with boronate affinity HPLC measurement.

Conclusions
A mosaicism of Hb Yamagata was found in a patient with altered HbA1c values. This rare gene variant was detected only by advanced technologies as MS and NGS. The variant interfered with common HbA1c determination methods.
Lexical Tone Perception in Mandarin Chinese Speakers With Aphasia
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Shuang , Du Yunling , Müller Nicole 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe brain localization debate of lexical tone processing concerns functional hypothesis that lexical tone, owing to its strong linguistic features, is dominant in the left hemisphere, and acoustic hypothesis that all pitch patterns, including lexical tone, are dominant in the right hemisphere due to their acoustic features. Lexical tone as a complex signal contains acoustic components that carry linguistic, paralinguistic, and nonlinguistic information. To examine these two hypotheses, the current study adopted triplet stimuli including Chinese characters, their corresponding pinyin with a diacritic, and the four diacritics representing Chinese lexical tones. The stimuli represent the variation of lexical tone for its linguistic and acoustic features. The results of a listening task by Mandarin Chinese speakers with and without aphasia support the functional hypothesis that pitch patterns are lateralized to different hemispheres of the brain depending on their functions, with lexical tone to the left hemisphere as a function of linguistic features.
Using structural priming to test links between constructions: English caused-motion and resultative sentences inhibit each other
Authors: Ungerer Tobias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCognitive-linguistic theories commonly model speakers’ grammatical knowledge as a network of constructions related by a variety of associative links. The present study proposes that structural priming can provide psycholinguistic evidence of such links, and crucially, that the method can be extended to non-alternating constructions (i.e., constructions that differ in both form and meaning). In a comprehension priming experiment using the “maze” variant of self-paced reading, English caused-motion sentences were found to have an inhibitory effect by slowing down participants’ subsequent processing of resultatives, and vice versa, providing evidence that speakers store distinct but related representations for the constructions. Priming effects of a similar magnitude emerged in both directions, suggesting that the constructions are bidirectionally related, while not supporting previous claims about a metaphorical asymmetry between the patterns. Moreover, priming was only marginally affected when prime and target contained the same rather than different verbs, demonstrating that cross-constructional priming in comprehension can be observed in the absence of a “lexical boost”. The results raise questions for follow-up research on the role of inhibition in the grammatical network and the extension of structural priming to other types of constructional links.
On new stability results for composite functional equations in quasi-β-normed spaces
Authors: Thanyacharoen Anurak , Sintunavarat Wutiphol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for the following composite functional equation:f(f(x)−f(y))=f(x+y)+f(x−y)−f(x)−f(y),f(f\left(x)-f(y))=f\left(x+y)+f\left(x-y)-f\left(x)-f(y),whereffmaps from a(β,p)\left(\beta ,p)-Banach space into itself, by using the fixed point method and the direct method. Also, the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability for the compositess-functional inequality is discussed via our results.
Heat Treatment and Properties of High-Temperature Steels for Rolling Bearings
Authors: Beer O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is demonstrated that high speed steels are suitable for manufacturing of heat resistant rolling element bearings especially for applications in aero engines. A detailed analysis of heat treating processes and metallurgical evaluation shows how the properties of these steels grades can be adjusted to meet the specific requirements for engine bearings. Based on results from rig testing it is shown how variations in heat treating parameters can influence the rolling contact fatigue performance. The role of carbides, a typical constituent of high speed steels, on bearing applications is discussed in detail. The high level of heat resistance of high speed steels allows a nitriding in addition to the conventional heat treatment. By nitriding an increase in hardness close to the surface can be achieved which can make bearings more robust against indentation of hard particles. ◼
Effect of TiO2 content in slag on Ti content in molten steel
Authors: Gao Gang , Shi Xiaofang , Zhu Zhenghai , Chang Lizhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A calculation model of activity for CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2 slag is established according to molecular-ion coexistence theory of slag structure to calculate the activities of Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 in the slag. The possibility of TiO2 reduction in the slag during refining is analyzed by thermodynamics and verified by laboratory and industrial experiments. Both theoretical analysis and laboratory experimental results show that the content of TiO2 in the ladle slag significantly influences the Ti content in molten steel. When the content of the dissolved aluminum in molten steel is 0.030–0.050%, the TiO2 content in the ladle slag should be controlled below 0.3% to prevent TiO2 reduction. The critical content of TiO2 decreases with an increasing amount of the dissolved aluminum in molten steel. In addition, silicon should be used as a deoxidizer during diffused deoxidization because aluminum as a deoxidizer would lead to the reduction of TiO2. The industrial experiments confirm the results of the laboratory experiments and thermodynamics analysis.
Effect of pulsed magneto oscillation and phosphorus on microstructure and tensile properties of as-cast Al-25% Si alloy
Authors: Dang Bo , Jian Zengyun , Xu Junfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effect of pulsed magneto oscillation (PMO) on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al-25% Si alloys with and without phosphorus addition was investigated. When PMO was applied to the melt during solidification, the results show that the PMO treatment is an effective method for refining the primary Si of Al-25% Si alloy with and without phosphorus addition. The morphology of primary Si was considerably refined via coarse dendritic and polygon shape to fine and regular block under the PMO treatment, and the average size of primary Si was refined to 30.8 μm and 45.3 μm under the optimal processing conditions for the alloy with and without phosphorus addition, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloys first increased and then decreased with rise of current. Analysis shows that application of PMO decreases Gibbs free energy and critical nucleus radius of the Al-25% Si alloy during solidification. The nucleation rate first increased and then decreased with increasing PMO intensity. The variation tendency of average number of primary Si per unit area is consistent with the theory analysis.
Collision-induced amplitude dynamics of pulses in linear waveguides with the generic nonlinear loss
Authors: Nguyen Quan M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the effects of the generic weak nonlinear loss on fast two-pulse interactions in linear waveguides. The colliding pulses are described by a system of coupled Schrödinger equations with a purely nonlinear coupling in the presence of the weak (2m + 1)-order of nonlinear loss, for any m ≥ 1. We derive the analytic expression for the collision-induced amplitude shift in a fast two-pulse interaction. The analytic calculations are based on a generalization of the perturbation technique for calculating the effects of weak perturbations on fast collisions between solitons of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by the numerical simulations with the full propagation model of coupled Schrödinger equations.