bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CoSnO3 Nanocubes Wrapped by Carbon Nanofibers for Improving Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Performances
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhang Shuya , Wang Jing , Bian Zhengxu , Duan Mengting , Guo Xingmei , Liu Yuanjun , Zhang Junhao , Kong Qinghong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo solve the problem of low conductivity of sulfur and “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides, CoSnO3 nanocubes wrapped by carbon nanofibers (CoSnO3@CNFs) are synthesized by co‐precipitation, electrospinning and calcination techniques. CoSnO3 provides plentiful polar active sites, which restrains the dissolution of polysulfides with chemical interaction. Carbon nanofibers not only provide more ion transport channels, but also increase physical adsorption, provide active sites, and improve the conductivity of the electrode material. As a result, CoSnO3@CNFs can carry about 60 % sulfur as guest. Evaluated as cathode material for lithium‐sulfur batteries, CoSnO3@CNFs/S displayed an initial discharge capacity of 554.9 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C, and retained 300.0 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles. The simple synthesis method, high sulfur loading capacity and long cycle life make CoSnO3@CNFs extremely attractive for practical applications.
Time‐dependent cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns under chlorides‐induced corrosion and rebars buckling
Authors: Pelle Angelo , Briseghella Bruno , Bergami Alessandro Vittorio , Fiorentino Gabriele , Giaccu Gian Felice , Lavorato Davide , Quaranta Giuseppe , Rasulo Alessandro , Nuti Camillo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents the results of a refined numerical investigation meant at understanding the time‐dependent cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns under chlorides‐induced corrosion. The chloride ingress in the cross‐section of the bridge column is simulated, taking into account the effects of temperature, humidity, aging, and corrosion‐induced cover cracking. Once the partial differential equations governing such multiphysics problem are solved through the finite‐element method, the loss of reinforcement steel bars cross‐section is calculated based on the estimated corrosion current density. The nonlinear cyclic response of the RC bridge column under corrosion is, thus, determined by discretizing its cross‐sections into several unidirectional fibers. In particular, the nonlinear modeling of the corroded longitudinal rebars exploits a novel proposal for the estimation of the ultimate strain in tension and also accounts for buckling under compression. A parametric numerical study is finally conducted for a real case study to unfold the role of corrosion pattern and buckling mode of the longitudinal rebars on the time variation of capacity and ductility of RC bridge columns.
Public health issues with Candida auris in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Janniger Edmund J. , Kapila Rajendra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has overwhelmed a number of medical facilities as well as a few entire health‐care systems. A novel issue co‐incident with the expeditious deployment of specialty care units for COVID‐19 inpatients is the worldwide epidemic of Candida auris infections. Since its first identification and classification in Japan in 2009, it has spread globally. This threat was predicted as C. auris has a high mortality rate, cryptic fomite spread, frequent misidentification since conventional methods do not detect it, and multidrug‐resistance. Since the April 2020 warning at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States, C. auris has been delineated as an increasingly consequential source of significant nosocomial infections, emphasizing the added hazard of C. auris to COVID‐19 inpatients, particularly those in intensive care units.
Einfluss von Komplikationen und Komorbiditäten auf Liegedauer und Kosten bei der operativen Behandlung der proximalen Humerusfraktur
Authors: Stolberg-Stolberg Josef , Köppe Jeanette , Rischen Robert , Freistühler Moritz , Faldum Andreas , Katthagen J. Christoph , Raschke Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungNach proximaler Humerusfraktur beim alten Patienten stellen die winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese und die inverse Schulterendoprothese zwei konkurrierende Operationsverfahren dar. Auch wenn erste klinische Studien auf eine funktionelle Überlegenheit der inversen Schulterendoprothese hindeuten, fehlt ein gesundheitsökonomischer Vergleich in der Literatur. Krankenkassendaten von 55.070 Patienten ab einem Alter von 65 Jahren, welche nach proximaler Humerusfraktur mittels inverser Schulterendoprothese oder winkelstabiler Plattenosteosynthese versorgt worden sind, wurden auf Kosten und Liegedauer untersucht. Multivariable lineare Regressionsmodelle wurden zur Beurteilung von Komplikationen und Komorbiditäten gerechnet. Die Liegedauer nach inverser Schulterendoprothese war mit 20,0 (±13,5) Tagen statistisch auffällig länger als nach winkelstabiler Plattenosteosynthese mit 14,6 (±11,4) Tagen (p < 0,001). Die Kosten pro Fall unterschieden sich mit 11.165,70 (±5884,36) EUR für die inverser Prothese und 7030,11 (±5532,02) EUR für die Plattenosteosynthese deutlich (p < 0,001). Statistisch auffällige Kostensteigerungen durch Komplikationen und Komorbiditäten unterstreichen den Bedarf an spezialisierten geriatrischen Traumazentren.
Das novellierte Klimaschutzgesetz
Authors: Frenz Walter 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungSo sensationell wie der BVerfG-Klimabeschluss war, so rasch reagierte der Gesetzgeber mit der KSG-Novelle,
die am 24.6.2021 im Bundestag und am 25.6.2021 im Bundesrat verabschiedet wurde. Wurde damit dem BVerfG
in vollem Umfang entsprochen?
Which Concept of Concept for Conceptual Engineering?
Authors: Isaac Manuel Gustavo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConceptual engineering is the method for assessing and improving our concepts. However, little has been written about how best to conceive of concepts for the purposes of conceptual engineering. In this paper, I aim to fill this foundational gap, proceeding in three main steps: First, I propose a methodological framework for evaluating the conduciveness of a given concept of concept for conceptual engineering. Then, I develop a typology that contrasts two competing concepts of concept that can be used in conceptual engineering—namely, the philosophical and psychological ones. Finally, I evaluate these two concepts of concept using the proposed methodological framework and I show that, when it comes to making conceptual engineering an actionable method, the psychological concept of concept outclasses its philosophical counterpart on all counts. This provides a baseline from which the concept of concept can be further improved for the purposes of conceptual engineering.
Esteem, Social Norms and Status Inequality
Authors: Porro Costanza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen we appraise others as talented or virtuous, we esteem them: we register admiration of their traits and virtues. It is generally believed that, unless they involve a violation of respect, distributions of esteem are not a concern from the point of view of justice. In this paper, I want to dispute this commonly-held view. I will argue that attributions of esteem can become problematic when a particular trait becomes such a uniquely relevant source of social esteem in a community that its absence becomes a reason to regard others as less than full members of the community. For instance, in contemporary capitalist societies those perceived as lacking certain socially valued traits and unable or unwilling to make certain kinds of contribution to the community, such as those who are unemployed or have committed criminal offences, are widely disesteemed and also regarded as inferior qua members of the community by others. From the fact that they fail to possess particular qualities a broader negative judgment of their ability to contribute to the community is inferred. Moreover, their failure to gain esteem in these pervasive domains eclipses their possession of other esteem-worthy traits as well as other positive contributions they might have made to society. This perception of inferiority renders it impossible for them to live on equal terms with other citizens. I argue that as egalitarians we should oppose these distributions of esteem.
A Study on Evacuation Behavior in Physical and Virtual Reality Experiments
Authors: Arias Silvia , Mossberg Axel , Nilsson Daniel , Wahlqvist Jonathan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComparing results obtained in Virtual Reality to those obtained in physical experiments is key for validation of Virtual Reality as a research method in the field of Human Behavior in Fire. A series of experiments based on similar evacuation scenarios in a high-rise building with evacuation elevators was conducted. The experiments consisted of a physical experiment in a building, and two Virtual Reality experiments in a virtual representation of the same building: one using a Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE), and one using a head-mounted display (HMD). The data obtained in the HMD experiment is compared to data obtained in the CAVE and physical experiment. The three datasets were compared in terms of pre-evacuation time, noticing escape routes, walking paths, exit choice, waiting times for the elevators and eye-tracking data related to emergency signage. The HMD experiment was able to reproduce the data obtained in the physical experiment in terms of pre-evacuation time and exit choice, but there were large differences with the results from the CAVE experiment. Possible factors affecting the data produced using Virtual Reality are identified, such as spatial orientation and movement in the virtual environment.
The F11 Receptor (F11R)/Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) (F11R/JAM-A) in cancer progression
Authors: Czubak-Prowizor Kamila , Babinska Anna , Swiatkowska Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe F11 Receptor (F11R), also called Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) (F11R/JAM-A), is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which is mainly located in epithelial and endothelial cell tight junctions and also expressed on circulating platelets and leukocytes. It participates in the regulation of various biological processes, as diverse as paracellular permeability, tight junction formation and maintenance, leukocyte transendothelial migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, reovirus binding, and platelet activation. Dysregulation of F11R/JAM-A may result in pathological consequences and disorders in normal cell function. A growing body of evidence points to its role in carcinogenesis and invasiveness, but its tissue-specific pro- or anti-tumorigenic role remains a debated issue. The following review focuses on the F11R/JAM-A tissue-dependent manner in tumorigenesis and metastasis and also discusses the correlation between poor patient clinical outcomes and its aberrant expression. In the future, it will be required to clarify the signaling pathways that are activated or suppressed via the F11R/JAM-A protein in various cancer types to understand its multiple roles in cancer progression and further use it as a novel direct target for cancer treatment.
Mortars and plasters - How to characterize mortar and plaster degradation
Authors: La Russa Mauro Francesco , Ruffolo Silvestro Antonio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe degradation of mortars and plasters can represent a threat for their preservation. That is why a deep understanding of the degradation mechanisms and the identification of degradation patterns is strongly recommended for who is in charge of conservation of archaeological sites and of built heritage in general. Here, it has been described what are the main degrading agents that can be detected on mortars and plasters and how they act to produce degradation. Moreover, an overview of the analyses which can be carried out directly on site and in laboratory as well has been reported. The knowledge that can be achieved by using such methods represents an essential tool to set up a suitable conservation plan. In addition, a more detailed analysis can also have a research purpose, since they can be useful to clarify some mechanisms and interactions that still remain unclear.
Ice core drilling on a high-elevation accumulation zone of Trambau Glacier in the Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Tsushima Akane , Miyahara Morihiro , Yamasaki Tetsuhide , Esashi Nao , Sato Yota , Kayastha Rijan B. , Sherpa Ang J. B. Lama , Sano Masaki , Fujita Koji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe drilled an 81.2-m-long ice core in the accumulation area (5860 m a.s.l.) of Trambau Glacier in the Rolwaling region during October–November 2019. The drilling operation was conducted with a lightweight electro-mechanical drill system after two reconnaissance fieldworks in 2017 and 2018, during which two shallow firn cores were drilled with a hand auger. The drill system and ice core samples were transported by helicopters at a high elevation of 6000 m a.s.l. A further challenging issue was the ice core transportation between Nepal and Japan, as no regular commercial flight was available for the frozen samples. The addition of dry ice imported from India immediately prior to leaving Nepal allowed the ice core samples to be successfully transported to a cold room in Japan, and remain in a frozen state. Stratigraphic observations during the drilling operation suggest the drill site has been affected by melting and refreezing.
Brauer groups of moduli of hyperelliptic curves via cohomological invariants
Authors: Di Lorenzo Andrea , Pirisi Roberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing the theory of cohomological invariants for algebraic stacks, we compute the Brauer group of the moduli stack of hyperelliptic curves${\mathcal {H}}_g$over any field of characteristic$0$. In positive characteristic, we compute the part of the Brauer group whose order is prime to the characteristic of the base field.
Rural–urban dimensions of the perception of malaria severity and practice of malaria preventive measures: insight from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Duodu Precious Adade , Dzomeku Veronica Millicent , Emerole Chiagoziem Ogazirilem , Agbadi Pascal , Arthur-Holmes Francis , Nutor Jerry John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMorbidities and mortalities caused by malaria are still a serious issue in Nigeria, with the country accounting for 25% of malaria morbidities and 24% of malaria mortalities globally in 2018. Treated bed nets reduce the incidence of malaria, but not all Nigerians use them. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with treated bed net usage, including perceived severity of malaria, and the rural–urban differences in the relationship between socio-demographic factors and use of treated bed nets in Nigeria. The analytic sample size comprised 40,693 women aged 15–49 years. Poisson regression and bivariable and multivariable analyses were used to test the study hypothesis that women who agreed that malaria could potentially lead to death would be more likely to adopt malaria preventive measures, including treated bed net use. About 48% of the women slept under a treated mosquito net the night before the survey. Those who perceived that malaria could lead to death had a higher likelihood of using a treated bed net in the urban, rural and combined samples. However, in the multivariable model, the association between perceived malaria severity and use of a treated bed net was only significant for rural women (APR=0.964, 95% CI: 0.933, 0.996). The results unexpectedly suggest that rural Nigerian women who perceive malaria to be severe have a lower likelihood of using treated bed nets. Also, rural–urban variations in the relationship between the socio-demographic variables and use of treated bed nets were observed. Policies should consider the observed rural–urban dichotomy in the influence of perceived severity of malaria and other socio-demographic factors on women’s use of treated bed nets in Nigeria.
Identifying functional cognitive disorder: a proposed diagnostic risk model
Authors: McWhirter Laura , Ritchie Craig , Stone Jon , Carson Alan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFunctional cognitive disorders (FCD) are an important differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease. The utility of suggested diagnostic features has not been prospectively explored in “real world” clinical populations. This study aimed to identify positive clinical markers of FCD.MethodsAdults with cognitive complaints but not dementia were recruited from memory, neurology, and neuropsychiatry clinics. Participants underwent structured interview, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Luria 3-step, interlocking fingers, digit span and Medical Symptom Validity Test, Patient Health Questionnaire 15, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory. Potential diagnostic variables were tested against expert consensus diagnosis using logistic regression.ResultsFCD were identified in 31/49 participants. Participants with FCD were younger, spoke for longer when prompted “Tell me about the problems you’ve been having,” and had more anxiety and depression symptoms and psychiatric diagnoses than those without FCD. There were no significant differences in sex, education, or cognitive scores. Younger age and longer spoken response predicted FCD diagnosis in a model which explained 74% of diagnostic variability and had an area under the curve (AUC) of 94%.ConclusionsA detailed description of cognitive failure is a sensitive and specific positive feature of FCD, demonstrating internal inconsistency between experienced and observed function. Cognitive and performance validity tests appear less helpful in FCD diagnosis. People with FCD are not “worried well” but often perform poorly on tests, and have more anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms than people with other cognitive disorders. Identifying diagnostic profiles is an important step toward parity of esteem for FCDs, as differential diagnoses of neurodegenerative disease and an independent target for clinical trials.
Introduction: special issue on weather and climate impacts in developing countries
Authors: Creti Anna , Delacote Philippe , Leblois Antoine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractShocks related to weather variations have strong effects on developing countries’ economies. Climate change is expected to increase the occurrence and magnitude of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods or hurricanes that strongly affect agriculture and other activities. This special issue gathers literature reviews and case studies that aim to better understand heterogeneous impacts and their transmission channels, as well as to evaluate the impact of such weather shocks on developing economies, including Sub-Saharan African countries, India and Brazil.
Occupational exoskeletons: A roadmap toward large-scale adoption. Methodology and challenges of bringing exoskeletons to workplaces
Authors: Crea Simona , Beckerle Philipp , De Looze Michiel , De Pauw Kevin , Grazi Lorenzo , Kermavnar Tjaša , Masood Jawad , O’Sullivan Leonard W. , Pacifico Ilaria , Rodriguez-Guerrero Carlos , Vitiello Nicola , Ristić-Durrant Danijela , Veneman Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The large-scale adoption of occupational exoskeletons (OEs) will only happen if clear evidence of effectiveness of the devices is available. Performing product-specific field validation studies would allow the stakeholders and decision-makers (e.g., employers, ergonomists, health, and safety departments) to assess OEs’ effectiveness in their specific work contexts and with experienced workers, who could further provide useful insights on practical issues related to exoskeleton daily use. This paper reviews present-day scientific methods for assessing the effectiveness of OEs in laboratory and field studies, and presents the vision of the authors on a roadmap that could lead to large-scale adoption of this technology. The analysis of the state-of-the-art shows methodological differences between laboratory and field studies. While the former are more extensively reported in scientific papers, they exhibit limited generalizability of the findings to real-world scenarios. On the contrary, field studies are limited in sample sizes and frequently focused only on subjective metrics. We propose a roadmap to promote large-scale knowledge-based adoption of OEs. It details that the analysis of the costs and benefits of this technology should be communicated to all stakeholders to facilitate informed decision making, so that each stakeholder can develop their specific role regarding this innovation. Large-scale field studies can help identify and monitor the possible side-effects related to exoskeleton use in real work situations, as well as provide a comprehensive scientific knowledge base to support the revision of ergonomics risk-assessment methods, safety standards and regulations, and the definition of guidelines and practices for the selection and use of OEs.
Simultaneous Pulsating Aurora and Microburst Observations With Ground‐Based Fast Auroral Imagers and CubeSat FIREBIRD‐II
Authors: Kawamura Miki , Sakanoi Takeshi , Fukizawa Mizuki , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Hosokawa Keisuke , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Katoh Yuto , Ogawa Yasunobu , Asamura Kazushi , Saito Shinji , Spence Harlan , Johnson Arlo , Oyama Shin'ichiro , Brändström Urban 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe report on the relationship between a pulsating aurora and a relativistic electron microburst using simultaneous observations of ground‐based fast auroral imagers with the FIREBIRD‐Ⅱ CubeSat for the first time. We conducted a detailed analysis of an event on October 8, 2018 and found that the occurrence of the pulsating aurora with internal modulations corresponds to the flux enhancement of electrons with energy ranging from ∼220 keV to >1 MeV detected with Flight Unit 4, one of FIREBIRD's CubeSat, with a time delay of ∼585 ms. Combining of this time delay result and time of flight model, we suggest that the pulsating aurora and the microburst occur simultaneously due to the chorus waves at different latitudes along the same field‐line as predicted by Miyoshi et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl090360).
Millimeter‐ to Decimeter‐Scale Surface Roughness of the Moon at the Chang'e‐4 Exploration Region
Authors: Guo Dijun , Fa Wenzhe , Wu Bo , Li Yuan , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe surface slope and roughness of the Moon have been investigated extensively over a wide baseline range except millimeter to decimeter scales. In this study, we present for the first time millimeter‐to decimeter‐scale surface slope and roughness of the Moon at China's Chang'e‐4 landing regions (∼20 m across) using the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with a resolution of 5 mm/pixel. The bidirectional slope at the 7 mm scale can be larger than 40° with a median value of ∼10°. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) height within a window size of 125 mm varies from ∼1 mm to ∼18 mm with a median value of ∼4 mm. Both the bidirectional slope and RMS height show scale‐dependent behaviors and the parameter of scale dependence, the Hurst exponent, is ∼0.6–0.85. We also synthesized the bidirectional slope at baseline from micrometer to kilometer, showing that bidirectional slope decreases from ∼60° at micrometer to ∼1° at a kilometer. At millimeter‐scale, surface roughness is mainly controlled by small impact craters, rocks, and regolith properties. Our roughness results not only bridge the gap in understanding surface roughness from traditional topographic data sets to radar and thermal observations, but also provide valuable information about lunar regolith characteristics, and small‐scale geological processes.