bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages
Authors: Robbeets Martine , Bouckaert Remco , Conte Matthew , Savelyev Alexander , Li Tao , An Deog-Im , Shinoda Kenichi , Cui Yinqiu , Kawashima Takamune , Kim Geonyoung , Uchiyama Junzo , Dolińska Joanna , Oskolskaya Sofia , Yamano Ken-Yōjiro , Seguchi Noriko , Tomita Hirotaka , Takamiya Hiroto , Kanzawa-Kiriyama Hideaki , Oota Hiroki , Ishida Hajime , Kimura Ryosuke , Sato Takehiro , Kim Jae-Hyun , Bjørn Rasmus , Deng Bingcong , Rhee Seongha , Ahn Kyou-Dong , Gruntov Ilya , Mazo Olga , Bentley John , Fernandes Ricardo , Roberts Patrick , Bausch Ilona , Gilaizeau Linda , Yoneda Minoru , Kugai Mitsugu , Bianco Raffaela , Zhang Fan , Himmel Marie , Krause Johannes , Hudson Mark , Ning Chao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages, i.e., Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic, is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements. Here we address this question through ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report new, wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including the most comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary presented to date, an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia, and the first collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional ‘Pastoralist Hypothesis’, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking significant progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence, we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.
"Everyone would like their child to have a boyfriend or a girlfriend." Young People with Intellectual Disability and their Experiences with Intimate Relationships: A Follow-up Analysis of Parents' and Caregivers' Perspectives
Authors: Retznik Laura , Wienholz Sabine , Höltermann Annelen , Conrad Ines , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Research shows that people with intellectual disability both want and benefit from relationships. Caregivers play an important role in the development and maintenance of these relationships. Barriers to relationships include lack of privacy, inadequate sex education, and lack of public transportation.Method The sample included 42 primary caregivers of young people with intellectual disability aged 14 to 25. Interviews were evaluated with the qualitative content analysis.Results Two-thirds of the caregivers reported the young people having had at least one relationship. The caregivers tended to minimize the importance of the young people’s relationships and reported, in equal measure, both positive and negative relationship skills. Caregivers described limited choice in terms of partner selection, lack of social opportunities, and low quality couple time. Parents face the detachment process with ambivalence and wish for a stable partnership for their children in the future.Discussion Young people with intellectual disability face barriers and limitations regarding intimate relationships. Some young people may keep their partnerships secret to avoid possible restrictions from their caregivers. Their time together is quantitatively high, but qualitatively poor due to a lack of transportation and inclusive services. Caregivers need to support the young people’s autonomy and take their relationships more seriously.
Trends of Freezing Period And Its Main Cause On The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau From 1961 To 2018
Authors: Zhao Dongsheng , Gao Xuan , Yang Yi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ecosystems of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) are very sensitive to climate change because of their unique structure and function. However, little attention has been paid to variations in cold non-growing season. In this study, based on daily mean temperature from 63 meteorological stations throughout the QTP during the period 1961−2018, the spatial and temporal variations in the freezing period (FP) were investigated. The FP was defined as the period between the date of the first autumn freeze and the date of the first spring thaw in the second year. Understanding how the FP changes are imperative in predicting future climate change and decision-making for implementing ecological conservation on the plateau. The results showed that the start of freezing period (SFP) exhibited a pronounced increasing trend with a rate of 0.0704 days year−1 and the end of freezing period (EFP) showed an obviously decreasing trend with a rate of −0.2537 days year−1 at the regional scale. The length of freezing period (LFP) presented a significant negative trend at a rate of −0.3256 days year−1 for regional scale, which was mainly attributed to the earlier EFP. Spatially, earlier EFP and shorter LFP mainly occurred in the south and north of the QTP. Furthermore, this study found that the variations in the SFP, EFP, and LFP were highly dependent on the elevation with EFP and LFP are positively correlated with elevation, while SFP is negatively correlated with elevation.
Wind energy potential assessment based on wind speed, its direction and power data
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Liu Weimin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Based on wind speed, direction and power data, an assessment method of wind energy potential using finite mixture statistical distributions is proposed. Considering the correlation existing and the effect between wind speed and direction, the angular-linear modeling approach is adopted to construct the joint probability density function of wind speed and direction. For modeling the distribution of wind power density and estimating model parameters, based on expectation-maximization algorithm, a two-component three-parameter Weibull mixture distribution is chosen as wind speed model, and a von Mises mixture distribution with nine components and six components are selected as wind direction and relation circular variable models, respectively. A comprehensive technique of model selection, which includes Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, the coefficient of determination R2 and root mean squared error, is used to select the optimal model in all candidate models. The proposed method is applied to averaged 10-minute field monitoring wind data and compared with the other estimation methods and judged by the values of R2 and root mean squared error, histogram plot and wind rose diagram. The results show that the proposed method is effective and the area under study is not suitable for wide wind turbine applications, and the estimated wind energy potential would be inaccuracy without considering the influence of wind direction.
Does Overnight Duty Affect Vascular Endothelial Function?
Authors: Garu A , Nitta Eri , Yoshida Yuri , Yata Erika , Tsunematsu Akari , Araki Tsuyoshi , Nagai Atsushi , Yano Shozo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background The reactive hyperemia index (RHI), which is obtained from the measurement of peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), is highly associated with the percentage change in the end-diastolic arterial diameter (%flow-mediated dilatation) at reactive hyperemia. Low RHI is reported to be a mortality risk in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. CV events are thought to be induced by physical and mental stress, including long-term fatigue and lack of sleep. However, the relationship between fatigue, lack of sleep, and endothelial function has not yet been established. MethodsHealthy hospital workers (n=13, 6 men and 7 women) with an average age of 31.6 years were assigned to this study after they provided written informed consent. During the study period, we conducted 72 measurements of reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) in the morning before or after their duty. At each measurement of the RH-PAT, we recorded the participants’ hours of sleep and evaluated their degree of fatigue using a visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsAlthough the VAS was significantly less (36±16% and 64±12%, p<0.001) and the hours of sleep were longer (6.0±1.1 h and 2.3±1.0 h, p<0.001) before duty compared to those after duty, the RHI was comparable between them (2.12±0.53 vs. 1.97±0.50, p=0.21). The VAS score was significantly higher in participants with low RHI (<1.67) than in those with normal RHI (≥2.07) (59±13% and 46±21%, respectively, p<0.05). However, binary logistic regression showed no significant association between low RHI and the VAS when adjusted for systemic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate variability (HRV). In a simple regression analysis, the RHI was significantly correlated with the VAS score (r=-0.287, p<0.05), while no significant correlation was found between the RHI and sleep duration (r=0.045, p=0.71). A multiple linear regression analysis also showed no significant association between the RHI and VAS scores after adjustment for SBP and HRV.ConclusionsVascular endothelial function was not associated with overnight duty, hours of sleep, or degree of fatigue in healthy young adults. Since the RHI may be decreased in severe fatigue conditions through autonomic nerve activity, one should consider the physical and mental conditions of the examinee when evaluating the RH-PAT results.
Health stressors, problems and coping strategies of migrant domestic workers: A scoping review
Authors: HO Ken Hok Man , Wilson Ingrid M , Wong Janet YH , McKenna Lisa , Reisenhofer Sonia , Efendi Ferry , Smith Graeme D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Migrant domestic workers have become a major international target population for issues of human rights. However, little is known about the stressors, problems, and coping strategies surrounding their health issues internationally. A scoping review identified 26 sources matching selection criteria through a systematic search on 10 databases with publications from January 1995 to December 2019. Analysis revealed that stressors to health included abuse, poor health services accessibility, ongoing financial hardship despite demanding working conditions and social isolation. Several physical and mental health problems were identified for which migrant domestic workers largely depended on social network and religion to cope with stressors and health problems. Marginalization in health and social care system was evidenced in various countries that formal health and social care for migrant domestic workers was lacking. Survey on health problems of migrant domestic workers and provision of formal support to them present a significant service gap.
Morphological Differences In Tardigrade Spermatozoa Induce Variation In Gamete Motility
Authors: Sugiura Kenta , Shiba Kogiku , Inaba Kazuo , Matsumoto Midori 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFertilization is an event at the beginning of ontogeny. Successful fertilization depends on strategies for uniting female and male gametes that developed throughout evolutionary history. In tardigrades, investigations of reproduction have revealed that released spermatozoa swim in the water to reach a female, after which the gametes are stored in her body. The morphology of the spermatozoa includes a coiled nucleus and a species-specific-length acrosome. Although the mating behaviour and morphology of tardigrades have been reported, the motility of male gametes remains unknown. Here, using a high-speed camera, we recorded the spermatozoon motilities of two tardigrades, Paramacrobiotus sp. and Macrobiotus shonaicus, which have longer and shorter spermatozoa, respectively.ResultsThe movement of spermatozoa was faster in Paramacrobiotus sp. than in M. shonaicus, but the beat frequencies of the tails were equal, suggesting that the long tail improved acceleration. In both species, the head part consisting of a coiled nucleus and an acrosome did not swing, in contrast to the tail. The head part of Paramacrobiotus sp. spermatozoa swung harder during turning; in contrast, the tail of M. shonaicus moved more widely than the head. Finally, after mating, the spermatozoa that reached the female aggregated around the cloaca while waiting to enter her body in both tested species.ConclusionsThis study provides results for the first observations and analyses of individual spermatozoon motility in tardigrades. A comparison of the spermatozoon movements of the two tardigrades suggested that the motilities of the male gametes were affected by morphological differences, where the longer spermatozoa swam faster and the shorter ones showed more stable swimming. Swimming was mainly induced by tail movement, but the long head of Paramacrobiotus sp. spermatozoa might be especially important for turning. In addition, observations of mated female cloacae suggested that the head parts of the spermatozoa were required for aggregation around the cloaca of a mated female.
m6A Methylation Mediates LHPP Acetylation as a Tumour Aerobic Glycolysis Suppressor to Improve the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lin Jian-Xian , Lian Ning-Zi , Gao You-Xin , Qiu Qing-Zhu , Wang Hua-Gen , Zheng Qiao-Ling , Yang Ying-Hong , Ma Yu-Bin , Zheng Chao-Hui , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Lu Jun , Chen Qi-Yue , Cao Long-Long , Lin Mi , Wang Jia-Bin , Huang Chang-Ming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLHPP, a histidine phosphatase, has been implicated in tumor progression. However, its role, underlying mechanisms, and prognostic significance in human gastric cancer (GC) are elusive. MethodsWe obtained GC tissues and corresponding normal tissues from 8 patients and identified LHPP as a downregulated gene via RNA-seq. qRT-PCR and western blotting were applied to examine LHPP levels in normal and GC tissues. The prognostic value of LHPP was elucidated using tissue microarray and IHC analyses in two independent GC cohorts. The functional roles and mechanistic insights of LHPP in GC growth and metastasis were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. ResultsThe results showed that LHPP expression was significantly decreased in GC tissues at both the mRNA and protein level. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that LHPP was an independent prognostic factor and effective predictor in patients with GC. The low expression of LHPP was significantly related to the poor prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity of gastric cancer patients. Moreover, elevated LHPP expression effectively suppressed GC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the m6A modification of LHPP mRNA by METTL14 represses its expression; LHPP inhibits the phosphorylation of GSK3b through acetylation, and mediates HIF1A to inhibit glycolysis, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. ConclusionLHPP is regulated by m6A methylation and regulates the metabolism of GC by changing the acetylation level. Thus, LHPP is a potential predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
Association Between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Self-Reported Health Status in Older Taiwanese Adults
Authors: Su Yan-Jhu , Hsu Chen-Te , Liang Chyi , Lee Po-Fu , Lin Chi-Fang , Chen Hung-Ting , Ho Chien-Chang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aims to determine if an association exists between health-related physical fitness measurements and self-reported health status in older Taiwanese adults.
Methods

A total of 22,389 Taiwanese adults aged 65 years or older were recruited as study participants. Demographic characteristics, life habits, anthropometric assessments, health-related physical fitness measurements, and self-reported health status from this dataset were analyzed using the chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis.
Results

The results showed that there was significant association between back scratch and self-perceived health status (excellent/good) (odds ratio [OR], 1.003; 95 % CI 1.000-1.006) after adjusting potential confounders. However, adjusted potential confounders OR for self-perceived health status (poor/very poor) decreased and significant for chair sit-and-reach test (OR 0.994, 95% CI 0.988–0.999).
Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that there are associations between health-related physical fitness measurements and self-reported health status in Taiwanese older adults. Future research may investigate the causality between health status and physical fitness.
Construction of the Small Intestine Epithelial Cell Model Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Preliminary Exploration of Drug Intestinal Absorption Prediction
Authors: Shi Yanshuang , Sheng Menke , Qu Qingsong , Liao Yuyao , Lv Lijng , Yang Jiaqi , Li Zhixun , Zhou Qing , Dai XingXing , Shi Xinyuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was applied to the construction of small intestinal epithelial cell membrane and prediction of drug absorption. First, we constructed a system of a small intestinal epithelial cell membrane that was close to the real proportion and investigated the effects of temperature, water layer thickness, and ionic strength on membrane properties to optimize environmental parameters. Next, three drugs with different absorptivity, including Ephedrine (EPH), Quercetin (QUE), and Baicalin (BAI), were selected as model drugs to study the ability of drugs through the membrane by the free diffusion and umbrella sampling simulation, and the drug permeation ability was characterized by the free diffusion coefficient D and free energy barrier (△G) in the processes. The results showed that the free diffusion coefficient D’ and △G’ orders of the three drugs were consistent with the classical experimental absorption order, indicating that these two parameters could be used to jointly characterize the membrane permeability of the drugs.
Triptonide Effectively Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis Through Concurrent Degradation Of Twist1 And Notch1 Oncoproteins
Authors: Zhang Mengli , Meng Mei , Liu Yuxi , Qi Jindan , Zhao Zhe , Qiao Yingnan , Hu Yanxing , Lu Wei , Zhou Zhou , Xu Peng , Zhou Quansheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly metastatic and lethal. Due to a lack of druggable targets for this disease, there are no effective therapies in the clinic.Methods: We explored the ability of active compounds derived from natural herbs to inhibit TNBC metastasis using the methods of molecular biology, cell biology, protein chemistry, pharmacology, and xenografted mice.Results: Here, we showed that triptonide, a small molecule from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, potently inhibited TNBC cell migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry, and effectively suppressed TNBC tumor growth and lung metastasis in xenografted mice with no observable toxicity. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that triptonide strongly triggered the degradation of master epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing protein Twist1 through the lysosomal system and reduced Notch1 expression and NF-κB phosphorylation, which consequently diminished the expression of pro-metastatic and angiogenic genes N-cadherin, VE-cadherin, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2).Conclusions: Triptonide effectively suppressed TNBC cell tumorigenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, and strongly inhibited the metastasis of TNBC via degradation of Twist1 and Notch1 oncoproteins, downregulation of metastatic and angiogenic gene expression, and reduction of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings provide a new strategy for treating highly lethal TNBC and offer a potential new drug candidate for combatting this aggressive disease.
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts the Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Luo Fushu , Li Yuanyou , Zhao Yutong , Sun Mingjiang , He Qiuguang , Wen Rong , Xie Zongyi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Systemic inflammatory response is closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis in critical patients. Recently, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), an indicator of systemic inflammatory response, was proved to predict the outcome in cancerous and non-cancerous diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between SII on admission and 6-month outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).Methods: The clinical data and prognosis of 76 patients with aSAH was analyzed. Patients were divided into high SII group and low SII group. The 6-month outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS).The unfavorable outcome was defined as mRS score ≥3. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC), area under the curve (AUC) and logistic regression were used to examine the relations between SII levels and 6-month clinical outcomes.Results: Thirty-six patients (47.4%) in our study had a unfavorable outcome (mRS ≥3) at 6 months, and twenty-four (66.7%) of them had high SII. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the SII was correlated with mRS (r=0.418, P＜0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that there was an independent association between SII on admission and 6-month clinical outcome (OR=4.271, 95%CI: 1.047-17.422, P＜0.05). The AUC of the SII for predicting unfavorable outcome was 0.692(95% CI:0.571–0.814, P＜0.05).Conclusion: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) could be a novel independent prognostic factor for aSAH patients at the early stage of the disease.
Hydrogen Production from the Air
Authors: Li Gang Kevin , Guo Jining , Zhang Yuecheng , Zavabeti Ali , Chen Kaifei , Guo Yalou , Hu Guoping , Fan Xiaolei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen gas (H2) produced by water splitting using renewable energy, namely green hydrogen, is the most promising energy carrier of the low-carbon economy1–6. However, the geographic mismatch between renewables distribution and freshwater availability poses a significant challenge to green hydrogen production7–9. Here, we demonstrate a method of directly producing H2 from the air, namely, capturing freshwater from the atmosphere using hygroscopic electrolyte and converting it to H2 by electrolysis powered by solar energy. A prototype H2 generator has been successfully established and operated for 12 consecutive days with a stable performance at an average Faradaic efficiency around 95%. This so-called direct air electrolysis (DAE) module can work under low relative humidity (20%) environment, overcoming water supply issues and producing green hydrogen sustainably with minimal impact to the environment. The DAE modules can be easily scaled to provide H2 to remote, arid/semi-arid, and scattered areas.