bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central amygdala circuitry modulates nociceptive processing through differential hierarchical interaction with affective network dynamics
Authors: Wank Isabel , Pliota Pinelopi , Badurek Sylvia , Kraitsy Klaus , Kaczanowska Joanna , Griessner Johannes , Kreitz Silke , Hess Andreas , Haubensak Wulf 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe central amygdala (CE) emerges as a critical node for affective processing. However, how CE local circuitry interacts with brain wide affective states is yet uncharted. Using basic nociception as proxy, we find that gene expression suggests diverging roles of the two major CE neuronal populations, protein kinase C δ-expressing (PKCδ+) and somatostatin-expressing (SST+) cells. Optogenetic (o)fMRI demonstrates that PKCδ+/SST+circuits engage specific separable functional subnetworks to modulate global brain dynamics by a differential bottom-up vs. top-down hierarchical mesoscale mechanism. This diverging modulation impacts on nocifensive behavior and may underly CE control of affective processing.
Albumin in patients with liver disease shows an altered conformation
Authors: Paar Margret , Fengler Vera H. , Rosenberg Daniel J. , Krebs Angelika , Stauber Rudolf E. , Oettl Karl , Hammel Michal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) constitutes the primary transporter of fatty acids, bilirubin, and other plasma compounds. The binding, transport, and release of its cargos strongly depend on albumin conformation, which is affected by bound ligands induced by physiological and pathological conditions. HSA is both highly oxidized and heavily loaded with fatty acids and bilirubin in chronic liver disease. By employing small-angle X-ray scattering we show that HSA from the plasma of chronic liver disease patients undergoes a distinct opening compared to healthy donors. The extent of HSA opening correlates with clinically relevant variables, such as the model of end-stage liver disease score, bilirubin, and fatty acid levels. Although the mild oxidation of HSA in vitro does not alter overall structure, the alteration of patients’ HSA correlates with its redox state. This study connects clinical data with structural visualization of albumin dynamicity in solution and underlines the functional importance of albumin’s inherent flexibility.
Synthesis of substituted 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines via Ni(ii) and Cu(i)/Ag(i) catalyzed double nucleophilic addition of arylamines to ortho-alkynyl donor–acceptor cyclopropanes (o-ADACs)
Authors: Unnava Ramanjaneyulu , Chahal Kapil , Reddy Kallu Rajender 
Published: June 2021

Synthesis of substituted 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines via double nucleophilic addition of primary arylamines to ortho-alkynyl donor–acceptor cyclopropanes (o-ADACs) in the presence of a catalytic Ni(ii) and Cu(i)/Ag(i) system has been developed.
Steganography based on quotient value differencing and pixel value correlation
Authors: Sonar Reshma , Swain Gandharba 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPixel value differencing (PVD) steganography techniques produce imperceptible stego‐images. Most PVD‐based techniques have a fall‐off boundary problem (FOBP). To avoid FOBP, a steganographic scheme is presented that combines the quotient value difference (QVD) with pixel value correlation (PVC). It performs data embedding in two stages on 3 × 3 size pixel blocks. The first stage of the embedding procedure performs QVD and remainder substitution on five pixels. These five pixels are central pixel and it's neighbours on the left, right, upper, and lower sides. Based on the new values of these five pixels, the PVC embedding procedure is applied on the remaining four corner pixels of the block. The experimental results are found to be improved. The hiding capacity is high that is 3.92 bits per byte with an acceptable peak signal‐to‐noise ratio value. A security check was performed using two tests: (i) a regular‐singular (RS) test, (ii) a pixel difference histogram (PDH) test. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that PDH curves of the stego‐images do not have a zigzag shape, that means the PDH test could not detect this steganography technique. Furthermore, the RS curves show that the RS test could not detect this steganography technique.
The Technology and Application of Improving Bearing Capacity of Deep Peat Soil Subgrade
Authors: Cao Xiuling , Yue Muci , Xu Haiyan , Chen Song , Hou Yongkang , Wang Xingkuo 
Published: June 2021

Peat soil is widely distributed in more than 500 countries around the world, covering an area of over 4 million square kilometers, among which the distribution area in China is about 40000 square kilometers, and most of Peat soil is distributed in swamps and forests. Peat soil is with high content of organic matter, poor engineering properties and low bearing capacity, which is very unfavorable to the safety and functionality of infrastructure construction. The Belt and Road, and the other two parts of the peat soil are studied in this paper. The key technologies of peat soil foundation are studied through literature review and comparative study. This will provide theoretical and technical support for repairing bridges, roads and houses in the distribution area of peat soil, and provide the theoretical basis and technical foundation for the construction of the “peat” Road area.
Chinese Library Classification: TU08
Vorhofflimmern – was wir nicht wissen („gaps in evidence“)
Authors: Wiedmann Felix , Schmidt Constanze 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungAuch nach Jahrzehnten intensiver grundlagenwissenschaftlicher und klinischer
Forschungsbemühungen können nicht alle Fragestellungen, die sich bei der Diagnosestellung und
Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern stellen, abschließend beantwortet werden. Das Konzept der
atrialen Kardiomyopathie unterstreicht, dass es sich bei Vorhofflimmern um keine einheitliche
Krankheitsentität handelt, sondern um einen Prozess, dem eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher
Ursachen und Mechanismen zugrunde liegt. Noch nicht abschließend geklärt bleibt die hieraus
resultierende klinische Konsequenz. Neue Studienergebnisse weisen auf einen ausgeprägten
klinischen Benefit von rhythmuskontrollierenden Therapiestrategien, sowohl bei neu
diagnostiziertem paroxysmalem Vorhofflimmern als auch bei Herzinsuffizienzpatienten mit
Vorhofflimmern, hin und stellen damit erneut die Frage, ob Rhythmuskontrolle Frequenzkontrolle
vorzuziehen ist.
Entwicklung der Osteologie in der Praxis – Interdisziplinäre Qualitätszirkel und Bund der Osteologen
Authors: Defèr Alexander , Abendroth Klaus 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Gründung von interdisziplinären Qualitätszirkeln Osteoporose erfolgte zur Verbesserung der Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Osteoporose. Neben der Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität war es uns ein wichtiges Anliegen, eine einheitliche Dokumentation zu entwickeln, um die Möglichkeit zu schaffen, die Qualität der Versorgung auch zu evaluieren. Neben der Idee zur Versorgungsforschung stand aber auch die Forderung der zertifizierten Osteologen DVO im Raum, in Versorgungsverträge mit der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung einzutreten. Die dazu notwendige juristische Voraussetzung wurde mit der Gründung des Bundes der Osteologen als eingetragener Verein geschaffen.Im Ergebnis dieser Entwicklung hat sich die Betreuungsqualität von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Osteoporose deutlich verbessert.
ESC-Leitlinie 2020 zum Vorhofflimmern: Was ist neu, was ist wichtig, was ist zu tun?
Authors: Eckardt Lars , Wolfes Julian , Ellermann Christian 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie aktuelle, 2020 erschienene Leitlinie der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie zum
Management von Vorhofflimmern gibt eine sehr gute Übersicht und aktuelle Empfehlungen zur
Diagnostik und Therapie von Vorhofflimmern. Als Neuerung wurde das 4S-AF-Schema zur
Charakterisierung von Vorhofflimmern eingeführt. Es berücksichtigt das Schlaganfallrisiko, den
Schweregrad der Symptome, das Ausmaß der Vorhofflimmerlast und das elektrophysiologische
Substrat. Außerdem wurde mit dem ABC-Modell ein einprägsamer Therapieleitfaden eingeführt. Er
soll die strukturierte Behandlung von Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern erleichtern und umfasst die
Themen Antikoagulation/Schlaganfallprävention, bessere Symptomkontrolle und das Management
kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren sowie vorhandener Begleiterkrankungen. Die Empfehlungen zur
Antikoagulation und medikamentösen antiarrhythmischen Therapie haben sich in den aktuellen
Leitlinien nicht wesentlich geändert, wohingegen die Indikation zur Katheterablation
heraufgestuft wurde.
Vorhofflimmern und NOAK-Therapie: Benötigen wir eine transösophageale Echokardiografie vor Kardioversion?
Authors: Baumeister Timo-Benjamin , Helfen Andreas , Wickenbrock Ingo , Perings Christian 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungVorhofflimmern ist ein häufiger Grund für einen Schlaganfall. Insbesondere Patienten ohne adäquate Antikoagulation haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für thromboembolische Ereignisse (ca. 5–7%). Es liegt eine Assoziation zwischen Kardioversionen und embolischen Ereignissen vor. Durch eine orale Antikoagulation (OAK) mit Nicht-Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (NOAK) kann dieses Risiko auf unter 1% reduziert werden. Es gibt 2 unterschiedliche Kardioversionsstrategien. Zum einen kann eine Kardioversion nach 3-wöchiger effektiver Antikoagulation ohne weitere Bildgebung durchgeführt werden. Zum anderen kann nach Ausschluss einer intrakardialen Thrombenbildung durch eine TEE umgehend sicher kardiovertiert werden. Bei Vorhofflimmern sollte nach der Kardioversion eine effektive Antikoagulation für mindestens 4 Wochen erfolgen, unabhängig vom CHA2DS2-VASc-Score. Eine Bildgebung mittels TEE ist notwendig, wenn die Dauer einer effektiven Antikoagulation <3 Wochen ist, Unsicherheiten bezüglich der regelmäßigen und lückenlosen Medikamenteneinnahme bestehen oder ein hohes Risiko für linksatriale Thromben besteht.
Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization Reactions Involving Aza/Oxabicyclic Alkenes
Authors: Jeganmohan Masilamani , Sihag Pinki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBicyclic alkenes, including oxa- and azabicyclic alkenes, readily undergo activation with facial selectivity in the presence of transition-metal complexes. This is due to the intrinsic angle strain on the carbon–carbon double bonds in such unsymmetrical bicyclic systems. During the past decades considerable progress has been made in the area of ring opening of bicyclic strained rings by employing the concept of C–H activation. This short review comprehensively compiles the various C–H bond activation assisted reactions of oxa- and azabicyclic alkenes, viz., ring-opening reactions, hydroarylation, and annulation reactions.1	Introduction2	Reactions of Heterobicyclic Ring Systems2.1	Ring-Opening Reactions of Oxa- and Azabenzonorbornadienes2.1.1	Reactions Using 7-Oxabenzonorbornadienes2.1.2	Reactions Using 7-Azabenzonorbornadienes2.2	Hydroarylation Reactions2.3	Annulation Reactions2.4	Other Reactions3	Conclusion
Dynamic Occlusion of Distal Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter after Infusion Port Placement: A New Shunt Malfunction
Authors: Carter Lacey M. , Milton Camille K. , O'Connor Kyle P. , Chakraborty Arpan R. , Stephens Tressie M. , Glenn Chad A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractShunt failure requiring reintervention remains a common complication of hydrocephalus treatment. Here, we report a novel cause of mechanical shunt obstruction in an adult patient: position-dependent intermittent occlusion via an infusion port catheter. A 51-year-old woman with a grade II oligodendroglioma presented in a delayed fashion following surgery with a pseudomeningocele. She underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement due to communicating hydrocephalus, resolving her pseudomeningocele. Shortly thereafter, she underwent placement of a subclavian infusion port at an outside institution. Her pseudomeningocele returned. Imaging demonstrated close proximity of her port catheter to the shunt catheter overlying the clavicle. Her shunt was tapped demonstrating a patent ventricular catheter with normal pressure. She underwent shunt exploration after her pseudomeningocele did not respond to valve adjustment. Intraoperative manometry demonstrated head position-dependent distal catheter obstruction. Repeat manometry following distal catheter revision demonstrated normal runoff independent of position. Her pseudomeningocele was resolved on follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of intermittent, position-dependent distal catheter obstruction. Shunted patients with concern for malfunction following subclavian infusion port placement should be evaluated for possible dynamic obstruction of their distal catheter when the two catheters are in close proximity along the clavicle.
Spontaneous Hematomyelia Associated with the Use of Non–vitamin K Antagonist
Authors: Park Moon Soo , Moon Seong-Hwan , Jang Seung Bo , Kim Jeoung Woo , Sung Paul S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVitamin K antagonists have been frequently prescribed as anticoagulants with the potential side effect of spontaneous hematomyelia with a poor prognosis. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report of spontaneous hematomyelia combined with the use of a non–vitamin K antagonist. A 63-year-old man presented with left leg weakness, impaired sensation, and urinary retention while taking rivaroxaban (non–vitamin K antagonist) for 4 months for atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulant agents were discontinued. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy was administered without surgical hematoma evacuation. Three months after the initial development of the hematomyelia, the symptoms improved to grade 5 for both lower extremities, and there was complete recovery in sensory and urinary functions. This might be the first description of a complete recovery of neurologic deficits without hematoma evacuation in spontaneous hematomyelia patients caused by non–vitamin K antagonist therapy.
Human Codon Usage: The Genetic Basis of Pathogen Latency
Authors: Kanduc Darja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInfectious diseases pose two main compelling issues. First, the identification of the molecular factors that allow chronic infections, that is, the often completely asymptomatic coexistence of infectious agents with the human host. Second, the definition of the mechanisms that allow the switch from pathogen dormancy to pathologic (re)activation. Furthering previous studies, the present study (1) analyzed the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA, that is, codon usage, as a genetic tool that rules protein expression; (2) described how human codon usage can inhibit protein expression of infectious agents during latency, so that pathogen genes the codon usage of which does not conform to the human codon usage cannot be translated; and (3) framed human codon usage among the front-line instruments of the innate immunity against infections. In parallel, it was shown that, while genetics can account for the molecular basis of pathogen latency, the changes of the quantitative relationship between codon frequencies and isoaccepting tRNAs during cell proliferation offer a biochemical mechanism that explains the pathogen switching to (re)activation. Immunologically, this study warns that using codon optimization methodologies can (re)activate, potentiate, and immortalize otherwise quiescent, asymptomatic pathogens, thus leading to uncontrollable pandemics.
Porous-Coated Metaphyseal Sleeves in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Midterm Results
Authors: Stefani Giacomo , Mattiuzzo Valerio , Prestini Greta , Civitenga Carolina , Calafiore Roberto , Traverso Francesco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in terms of clinical results and radiographic findings of using metaphyseal sleeves in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to check if the use of sleeves without stems did not impair such results.
Methods In this retrospective study, 141 patients (143 knees) operated in the period 2008 to 2015 met the above-mentioned criteria and were invited to a medical examination including X-rays. A total of 121 knees were available for the study (44 in the group without stems and 77 in the group with stems). Mean follow-up was 63 months for the stemless group and 89 for the group with stems. Knee Society Score (KSS) (objective knee score) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were used as outcome scores and compared with baseline values, range of motion (ROM) was also compared with preop value and X-rays were also examined and compared with immediate postop X-rays to check signs of loosening and radiolucent lines, if any, and bone ingrowth. Satisfaction of the patients was also investigated using a linear scale from 1 to 10.
Results KSS improved from 34 to 81 postop (39 to 81 in the stemless group) (p < 0.01), while WOMAC from 82% preop to 39% postop (76 to 37% in the stemless group) (p < 0.01). Forty-six patients were satisfied, 20 partially satisfied, and 11 unsatisfied (respectively 25–14–5 in the stemless group). ROM improved from 89 degrees preop to 99 degrees postop (93 to 98 degrees in the stemless group). X-rays showed no loosening of the implant, radiolucent lines in 8 patients, and bone ingrowth in 113 out of 121 patients.
Conclusion In this midterm follow-up study, we found a significant improvement in clinical results compared with preop values. We found no difference between the two groups (with and without stems) thus suggesting that the use of stemless sleeves does not impair results in revision TKA.
Level of Evidence Therapeutic case series, level IV.
The psychosocial implications of social distancing for people with COPD: some exploratory issues facing a uniquely marginalised group during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yoeli Heather 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an illness associated with intersectional poverty and stigma in old age; people with COPD are susceptible to anxiety, loneliness and isolation. People with COPD who contract COVID-19 are at high risk of serious complications, intensive medical needs and death and are, therefore, required to socially distance particularly assiduously. This paper offers an embodied phenomenological analysis of the emerging theoretical literature exploring the impact of social distancing upon people with COPD. Firstly, people with COPD are aware of how respiratory illness feels, are anxious about COVID-19 and afraid of being denied care. Future research might consider how people with COPD may be susceptible to “coronaphobia” and mental health consequences of the pandemic. Secondly, COPD tends to affect older people within the most intersectionally marginalised socioeconomic groups. Future research should remain mindful that people with COPD may be among the most lonely and least able to access health and social care services online than others. Thirdly, pandemics are known to intensify pre-existing social stigmas. Researchers and practitioners alike should be conscious that people with COPD may become increasingly stigmatised, especially those from intersectionally disadvantaged minorities.
Correlation of anomalous Hall effect with structural parameters and magnetic ordering in Mn3+xSn1−x thin films
Authors: Yoon Ju-Young , Takeuchi Yutaro , DuttaGupta Samik , Yamane Yuta , Kanai Shun , Ieda Jun’ichi , Ohno Hideo , Fukami Shunsuke 
Published: June 2021

We investigate the relationship between structural parameters, magnetic ordering, and the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) of Mn3+xSn1−x (−0.42 ≤ x ≤ +0.23) thin films annealed at various temperatures Ta. The crystal structure changes with x and Ta, and at Ta ≥ 500 °C near the stoichiometric composition (−0.08 ≤ x ≤ +0.04), epitaxial single-phase D019-Mn3+xSn1−x(101̄0) is obtained. At room temperature, a larger AHE is obtained when the single-phase epitaxial Mn3Sn with the lattice constant closer to that of bulk is formed. The temperature dependence of the AHE shows different behaviors depending on Ta and can be explained by considering the variation of magnetic ordering. A close inspection into the temperature and composition dependence suggests a variation of magnetic phase transition temperature with composition and/or a possible correlation between the AHE and Fermi level position with respect to the Weyl points. Our comprehensive study on (101̄0)-oriented epitaxial Mn3Sn thin films would provide the basis for utilizing the unique functionalities of non-collinear antiferromagnetic materials.
Analysis of the optical response of a SARS-CoV-2-directed colorimetric immunosensor
Authors: Minopoli Antonio , Scardapane Emanuela , Acunzo Adriano , Campanile Raffaele , Della Ventura Bartolomeo , Velotta Raffaele 
Published: June 2021

The optical response of different configurations of functionalized gold nanoparticles (f-AuNPs) and SARS-CoV-2 virions is simulated in order to explore the behavior of a colloidal solution containing 105–1013 virions/ml. The analysis herein reported is carried out for three concentration regimes: (i) low (≲108 virions/ml), (ii) intermediate (∼109–1010 virions/ml), and (iii) high (≳1011 virions/ml). Given the high binding effectiveness of f-AuNPs to virions, three different configurations are expected to arise: (i) virions completely surrounded by f-AuNPs, (ii) aggregates (dimers or trimers) of virions linked by f-AuNPs, and (iii) single f-AuNP surrounded by virions. It is demonstrated that 20 nm diameter gold nanoparticles functionalized against all three kinds of SARS-CoV-2 proteins (membrane, envelope, and spike) allow one to reach a limit of detection (LOD) of ∼106 virions/ml, whereas the use of only one kind of f-AuNP entails a ten-fold worsening of the LOD. It is also shown that the close proximity (∼5 nm) of the f-AuNP to the virions assumed throughout this analysis is essential to avoid the hook effect, thereby pointing out the importance of realizing an apt functionalization procedure that keeps thin the dielectric layer (e.g., proteins or aptamers) surrounding the gold nanoparticles.
Soil metabolome response to whole-ecosystem warming at the Spruce and Peatland Responses under Changing Environments experiment
Authors: Wilson Rachel M. , Tfaily Malak M. , Kolton Max , Johnston Eric R. , Petro Caitlin , Zalman Cassandra A. , Hanson Paul J. , Heyman Heino M. , Kyle Jennifer E. , Hoyt David W. , Eder Elizabeth K. , Purvine Samuel O. , Kolka Randall K. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Griffiths Natalie A. , Schadt Christopher W. , Keller Jason K. , Bridgham Scott D. , Chanton Jeffrey P. , Kostka Joel E. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
While peatlands have historically stored massive amounts of soil carbon, warming is expected to enhance decomposition, leading to a positive feedback with climate change. In this study, a unique whole-ecosystem warming experiment was conducted in northern Minnesota to warm peat profiles to 2 m deep while keeping water flow intact. After nearly 2 y, warming enhanced the degradation of soil organic matter and increased greenhouse gas production. Changes in organic matter quality with warming were accompanied by a stimulation of methane production relative to carbon dioxide. Our results revealed increased decomposition to be fueled by the availability of reactive carbon substrates produced by surface vegetation. The elevated rates of methanogenesis are likely to persist and exacerbate climate warming.