bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional survey study of primary care clinics on evidence‐based colorectal cancer screening intervention use
Authors: Watanabe‐Galloway Shinobu , Kim Jungyoon , LaCrete Frantzlee , Samson Kaeli , Foster Jason , Farazi Paraskevi A. , LeVan Tricia , Napit Krishtee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine differences between urban and rural primary care clinics in the use of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening methods and evidence‐based interventions to promote CRC screening.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey of primary care clinics in Nebraska. Surveys in paper form were sent out and followed up with telephone interviews to nonrespondents. Of the 375 facilities, 263 (70.1%) responded to the survey.FindingsOver 30% of urban clinics indicated that 80% or more of their patients were meeting the CRC guidelines compared to 18.3% of rural clinics (P = .03). Rural clinics were more likely than urban clinics to prefer the use of colonoscopy alone or in combination with stool tests (P = .02). The most common interventions for CRC screening included one‐on‐one patient education and use of computer‐based pop‐ups to remind providers.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we found some important differences between rural and urban primary care clinics in the implementation of CRC screening. Given that there is evidence for differences in preference for CRC screening methods (colonoscopy vs stool‐based tests) between rural and urban community members, it is important to assess the effectiveness of different types of CRC screening interventions by comparing rural and urban primary care clinic patient populations.
Nasopharyngeal bacterial and fungal microbiota in normal horses and horses with nasopharyngeal cicatrix syndrome
Authors: Rodríguez Natalia , Whitfield‐Cargile Canaan M. , Chamoun‐Emanuelli Ana M. , Hildreth Elizabeth , Jordan Will , Coleman Michelle C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe nasopharyngeal bacterial and fungal microbiota of normal horses and those with nasopharyngeal cicatrix syndrome (NCS) are unknown.Hypotheses/ObjectivesTo describe the microbiota from nasopharyngeal washes of healthy horses and of horses acutely affected with NCS.AnimalsTwenty‐six horses acutely affected with NCS horses and 14 unaffected horses.MethodsProspective, observational cohort study. Horses were recruited by investigators through personal communications in central Texas. Bacterial (16s RNA) and fungal (internal transcribed spacer) microbiota from nasopharyngeal washes were evaluated. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Pythium insidiosum was performed.ResultsResults indicated that 6 fungal genera (Alternaria, Bipolaris, Microascus, Spegazzinia, Paraconiothyrium, Claviceps) and 1 bacterial genera (Staphylococcus) were significantly different between affected and unaffected horses. The fungal genus Bipolaris had increased abundance in NCS affected horses and on NCS affected farms. Pythium insidiosum was absent in the nasopharyngeal wash of all horses, irrespective of health status.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceSignificant differences were identified in the fungal microbiota in horses affected with NCS and farms affected with NCS compared to those unaffected. Therefore, Bipolaris warrants further investigation.
Poisson regression for linguists: A tutorial introduction to modelling count data with brms
Authors: Winter Bodo , Bürkner Paul‐Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCount data is prevalent in many different areas of linguistics, such as when counting words, syntactic constructions, discourse particles, case markers, or speech errors. The Poisson distribution is the canonical distribution for characterising count data with no or unknown upper bound. Given the prevalence of count data in linguistics, Poisson regression has wide utility no matter what subfield of linguistics is considered. However, in contrast to logistic regression, Poisson regression is surprisingly little known. Here, we make a case for why linguists need to consider Poisson regression, and give recommendations for when Poisson regression is more appropriate compared to logistic regression. This tutorial introduces readers to foundational concepts needed to understand the basics of Poisson regression, followed by a hands‐on tutorial using the R packagebrms. We discuss a dataset where Catalan and Korean speakers change the frequency of their co‐speech gestures as a function of politeness contexts. This dataset also involves exposure variables (the incorporation of time to deal with unequal intervals) and overdispersion (excess variance). Altogether, we hope that more linguists will consider Poisson regression for the analysis of count data.
Phylogenomics, introgression, and demographic history of South American true toads (Rhinella)
Authors: Rivera Danielle , Prates Ivan , Firneno Thomas J. , Trefaut Rodrigues Miguel , Caldwell Janalee P. , Fujita Matthew K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe effects of genetic introgression on species boundaries and how they affect species’ integrity and persistence over evolutionary time have received increased attention. The increasing availability of genomic data has revealed contrasting patterns of gene flow across genomic regions, which impose challenges to inferences of evolutionary relationships and of patterns of genetic admixture across lineages. By characterizing patterns of variation across thousands of genomic loci in a widespread complex of true toads (Rhinella), we assess the true extent of genetic introgression across species thought to hybridize to extreme degrees based on natural history observations and multilocus analyses. Comprehensive geographic sampling of five large‐ranged Neotropical taxa revealed multiple distinct evolutionary lineages that span large geographic areas and, at times, distinct biomes. The inferred major clades and genetic clusters largely correspond to currently recognized taxa; however, we also found evidence of cryptic diversity within taxa. While previous phylogenetic studies revealed extensive mitonuclear discordance, our genetic clustering analyses uncovered several admixed individuals within major genetic groups. Accordingly, historical demographic analyses supported that the evolutionary history of these toads involved cross‐taxon gene flow both at ancient and recent times. Lastly, ABBA‐BABA tests revealed widespread allele sharing across species boundaries, a pattern that can be confidently attributed to genetic introgression as opposed to incomplete lineage sorting. These results confirm previous assertions that the evolutionary history of Rhinella was characterized by various levels of hybridization even across environmentally heterogeneous regions, posing exciting questions about what factors prevent complete fusion of diverging yet highly interdependent evolutionary lineages.
Salmonella Genomic Island 1 requires a self‐encoded small RNA for mobilization
Authors: Nagy István , Szabó Mónika , Hegyi Anna , Kiss János 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe SGI1‐family elements that are specifically mobilized by the IncA‐ and IncC‐family plasmids are important vehicles of antibiotic resistance among enteric bacteria. Although SGI1 exploits many plasmid‐derived conjugation and regulatory functions, the basic mobilization module of the island is unrelated to that of IncC plasmids. This module contains the oriT and encodes the mobilization proteins MpsA and MpsB, which belong to the tyrosine recombinases and not to relaxases. Here we report an additional, essential transfer factor of SGI1. This is a small RNA deriving from the 3′‐end of a primary RNA that can also serve as mRNA of ORF S022. The functional domain of this sRNA named sgm‐sRNA is encoded between the mpsA gene and the oriT of SGI1. Terminator‐like sequence near the promoter of the primary transcript possibly has a regulatory function in controlling the amount of full‐length primary RNA, which is converted to the active sgm‐sRNA through consecutive maturation steps influenced by the 5′‐end of the primary RNA. The mobilization module of SGI1 seems unique due to its atypical relaxase and the newly identified sgm‐sRNA, which is required for the horizontal transfer of the island but appears to act differently from classical regulatory sRNAs.
A Sagittal Patellar Angle Linear Equation Reflecting Patellofemoral Kinematics: Evaluation of Patellar Height at any Degree of Knee Flexion Angle
Authors: Cui Lu‐kuan , Kang Kai , Zheng Xiao‐zuo , Jiang Shi‐gang , Huang Wen‐tao , Gao Shi‐jun 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo confirm whether a novel sagittal patellar angle linear equation used for evaluating patellar height by calculating expected sagittal patellar angle (SPA) at any degree of knee flexion angle is suitable for patients older than 17 years and its reliability compared with other commonly used methods.MethodsFrom September 2016 to September 2019, a total number of 202 consecutive outpatients' knee lateral X‐ray radiographs were retrospectively measured and evaluated using a recently proposed linear equation Y = 1.94 + 0.74 × knee flexion(KF) angle. Patients were divided by ages into ayounger group, whose ages were between 17–49 years, and an older group, whose ages were older than 49 years, which has not been validated in the original study. Parameters such as KF, SPA, patella and patella tendon length and so on were measured on computer with picture archiving and communication system by two independent observers at an interval of 1 month. Insall‐Salvati (IS) index, Caton‐Deschamps (CD) index and Y value, correlation coefficients were calculated and compared using SPSS 22.0 software.ResultsIn the younger group, 143 patients (165 knees) were included, ages were 17–49 (31.62 ± 11.38) years, males/females were 70 (48.95%)/73 (51.05%), left knees/right knees were 83 (50.30%)/82 (49.70%), mean value of Y was 31.50° ± 10.07°, and SPA was 34.38° ± 12.38°, mean value of IS was 1.06 ± 0.17, mean value of CD was 1.04 ± 0.18. While in older group, 59 patients (78 knees) were included, ages were 50–60 (mean 54.61 ± 2.99) years, there were 32 males (54.24%) and 27 females (45.76%), 42 knees were left (53.85%) and 36 knees were right (46.15%), mean values of Y and SPA were 25.90° ± 11.55° and 29.36° ± 14.22°, mean IS index in older group was 1.06 ± 0.18, mean CD index was 1.00 ± 0.16. Intra‐ and inter‐observer reliabilities of Y in younger and older groups were 0.999, 0.999, 1.000 and 0.999, meaning high reliability and reproducibility, but low Pearson's correlation coefficients with IS and CD index were showed as −0.213 and − 0.216 in younger group and − 0.113 and − 0.316 in older group.ConclusionsIn patients older than 17 years, the linear equation Y = 1.94 + 0.74 × KF is a reliable and practical method to evaluate SPA regardless of age and knee flexion angle, but has weak correlation coefficients with the IS and CD index.
Hydrogen sulphide and nitric oxide mitigate the negative impacts of waterlogging stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Mfarrej M. F. B. , Wang X. , Hamzah Saleem M. , Hussain I. , Rasheed R. , Arslan Ashraf M. , Iqbal M. , Sohaib Chattha M. , Nasser Alyemeni M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) are important gaseous signalling molecules that regulate key physiochemical mechanisms of plants under environmental stresses. A number of attempts have been made to improve waterlogging tolerance in plants, but with limited success. Having said that, NO and H2S are vital signalling molecules, but their role in mitigating waterlogging effects on crop plants is not well established.

We investigated the efficacy of exogenous NO and H2S to alleviate waterlogging effects in two wheat cultivars (Galaxy‐2013 and FSD‐2008).

Waterlogging produced a noticeable reduction in plant growth, yield, chlorophyll, soluble sugars and free amino acids. Besides, waterlogging induced severe oxidative damage seen as higher cellular TBARS and H2O2 content. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased together with a notable rise in Fe2+ and Mn2+ content. Proline content was higher in waterlogged plants compared with non‐waterlogged plants. In contrast, waterlogging caused a substantial decline in endogenous levels of essential nutrients (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+). Waterlogged conditions led to Fe2+ and Mn2+ toxicity due to rapid reduction of Fe3+ and Mn3+ in the soil.

Exogenous NO and H2S significantly protected plants from waterlogging effects by enhancing the oxidative defence and regulating nutritional status. Besides, the protective effects of exogenous NO were more prominent as compared with effects of H2S. Further, we did not study the effect of H2S and NO on photosynthetic attributes and expression of stress‐related genes. Therefore, future studies should examine the effects of H2S and NO on wheat physiology and gene expression under waterlogging.
Cognitive and quantitative approaches to Islamic studies: Integrating psychological, socioeconomic, and digital‐cultural statistics
Authors: Nakissa Aria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe past 3 decades have witnessed growing efforts to rethink areas of inquiry traditionally dominated by the humanities. One such area is religion, and, by extension, “Islamic studies” (i.e., the study of Islam and Muslim societies). Recent efforts to rethink religion and Islamic studies draw insights from cognitive science, and also frequently employ quantitative approaches. Such approaches make use of psychological statistics, socioeconomic statistics, and statistical data extracted from massive collections of digitized cultural artifacts (e.g., texts, photos, sound recordings). These types of statistical data make it possible to quantitively describe long‐term global psychological, socioeconomic, and cultural trends; explain how these trends relate to one another; and explain how these trends relate to Muslim societies. This article introduces the emerging lines of research mentioned above. Furthermore, it suggests that these lines of research open the way for a new more ambitious and more interdisciplinary Islamic studies – one which builds on valuable forms of humanities expertise while integrating the best insights from non‐humanities fields.
Barriers and facilitators to best care for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Australia
Authors: Tikellis Gabriella , Corte Tamera J. , Teoh Alan K.Y. , Glaspole Ian N. , Macansh Sacha , Holland Anne E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveIn Australia, little is known about delivery of care for people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study examined the organization of IPF care across Australia, how it aligns with guidance for best practice, and identified barriers and facilitators to best care.MethodsData on the organization of IPF care in Australia were collected from public hospitals using a study‐specific questionnaire between February and July 2020. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with respiratory physicians from around Australia between April and December 2020. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was undertaken.ResultsAlmost all hospitals (n = 38, 97%) held multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs) for diagnosing IPF, with 90% of multidisciplinary teams including expert respiratory physicians and radiologists; however, rheumatologists, interstitial lung disease nurses and a histopathologist were often not available. More than 90% of institutions had access to oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation and advanced care planning, but access to psychological support and clinical trials was limited (53% and 58%, respectively). Fifteen respiratory physicians (27% regional) were interviewed. Approaches to diagnosis, treatment and access to referral services were generally consistent with best practice guidance; however, regional respondents reported barriers related to inadequate staffing, lack of a nurse coordinator, inadequate access to clinical trials and funding models. Telehealth technologies were perceived as facilitators to best care.ConclusionClinical management of IPF in Australia generally aligns with best practice guidance, but there may be some inequity of access to specialist services, particularly in regional areas, that should be addressed to ensure optimal care for all.
A Connectionist Model for Dynamic Economic Risk Analysis of Hydrocarbons Production Systems
Authors: Mamudu Abbas , Khan Faisal , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Adedigba Sunday 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study presents a connectionist model for dynamic economic risk evaluation of reservoir production systems. The proposed dynamic economic risk modeling strategy combines evidence‐based outcomes from a Bayesian network (BN) model with the dynamic risks‐based results produced from an adaptive loss function model for reservoir production losses/dynamic economic risks assessments. The methodology employs a multilayer‐perceptron (MLP) model, a loss function model; it integrates an early warning index system (EWIS) of oilfield block with a BN model for process modeling. The model evaluates the evidence‐based economic consequences of the production losses and analyzes the statistical disparities of production predictions using an EWIS‐assisted BN model and the loss function model at the same time. The proposed methodology introduces an innovative approach that effectively minimizes the potential for dynamic economic risks. The model predicts real‐time daily production/dynamic economic losses. The connectionist model yields an encouraging overall predictive performance with average errors of 1.954% and 1.957% for the two case studies: cases 1 and 2, respectively. The model can determine transitional/threshold production values for adequate reservoir management toward minimal losses. The results show minimum average daily dynamic economic losses of $267,463 and $146,770 for cases 1 and 2, respectively. It is a multipurpose tool that can be recommended for the field operators in petroleum reservoir production management related decision making.
On the Interplay of Regional Mobility, Social Connectedness and The Spread of COVID-19 in Germany
Authors: Fritz Cornelius , Kauermann Göran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the primary mode of respiratory virus transmission is person-to-person interaction, we are required to reconsider physical interaction patterns to mitigate the number of people infected with COVID-19. While research has shown that non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) had an evident impact on national mobility patterns, we investigate the relative regional mobility behaviour to assess the effect of human movement on the spread of COVID-19. In particular, we explore the impact of human mobility and social connectivity derived from Facebook activities on the weekly rate of new infections in Germany between 3 March and 22 June 2020. Our results confirm that reduced social activity lowers the infection rate, accounting for regional and temporal patterns. The extent of social distancing, quantified by the percentage of people staying put within a federal administrative district, has an overall negative effect on the incidence of infections. Additionally, our results show spatial infection patterns based on geographical as well as social distances.
Surfing, masculinity and resistance at Cloud 9: Filipino men who surf negotiating tourism spaces and social hierarchies on Siargao Island, Philippines
Authors: Hansen Karen A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the interplay between global surfing masculinities, the colonial/feminising touristic order and local cultural norms in the Philippines through an analysis of surfing masculinities and the Visayan hierarchical ordering principal sipog (supog/ulaw), or shyness/modesty/shame/embarrassment. The touristic order constructs tropical tourism destinations as effeminate, a process which marginalises, excludes or emasculates local men. However, through adherence to the masculine modes of modern surf culture, Filipino surfers on Siargao Island find a viable pathway through which to assert dominance and resist and reject the touristic order. Yet, while local men who surf on Siargao Island assert dominance and control in surfing spaces, outside these spaces their subjectivities are complicated by overarching social and class hierarchies, global inequalities and local cultural norms (sipog). In tourist spaces, their behaviours tend more towards shyness, modesty and deference.
Removing the major allergen Bra j I from brown mustard (Brassica juncea) by CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Assou Juvenal , Zhang Dingbo , Roth Kristian D. R. , Steinke Stephan , Hust Michael , Reinard Thomas , Winkelmann Traud , Boch Jens 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYFood allergies are a major health issue worldwide. Modern breeding techniques such as genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 have the potential to mitigate this by targeting allergens in plants. This study addressed the major allergen Bra j I, a seed storage protein of the 2S albumin class, in the allotetraploid brown mustard (Brassica juncea). Cotyledon explants of an Indian gene bank accession (CR2664) and the German variety Terratop were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring binary vectors with multiple single guide RNAs to induce either large deletions or frameshift mutations in both Bra j I homoeologs. A total of 49 T0 lines were obtained with up to 3.8% transformation efficiency. Four lines had large deletions of 566 up to 790 bp in the Bra j IB allele. Among 18 Terratop T0 lines, nine carried indels in the targeted regions. From 16 analyzed CR2664 T0 lines, 14 held indels and three had all four Bra j I alleles mutated. The majority of the CRISPR/Cas9‐induced mutations were heritable to T1 progenies. In some edited lines, seed formation and viability were reduced and seeds showed a precocious development of the embryo leading to a rupture of the testa already in the siliques. Immunoblotting using newly developed Bra j I‐specific antibodies revealed the amount of Bra j I protein to be reduced or absent in seed extracts of selected lines. Removing an allergenic determinant from mustard is an important first step towards the development of safer food crops.
Prolonged storage of purified granulocyte concentrates: Introduction of a new purification method
Authors: Klinkmann Gerd , Doss Fanny , Goudeva Lilia , Doss Sandra , Blasczyk Rainer , Milej Magdalena , Koch Stephanie , Mitzner Steffen , Altrichter Jens 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundUse of donor granulocyte concentrate (GC) has been limited due to its short storage time of 6–24 h, which is partially due to residual red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets and the resulting lactate production leading to an acidotic milieu. To increase this storage time, we developed a closed system procedure compatible with standard blood bank technologies to remove RBC and platelets and to enrich the GC.MethodsStandard GCs (sGCs) were sedimented, washed twice with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl), and resuspended in blood group‐identical fresh frozen plasma. The resulting purified GCs (pGCs) were then stored in platelet bags at a cell concentration of about 5 × 107 ± 1.8 × 107 leukocytes/ml without agitation at room temperature for up to 72 h. Cell count and viability, pH, blood gases, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst were monitored daily.ResultsA significant reduction in RBC (98%) through sedimentation, and platelets (96%) by washing, purified the white blood cell (WBC) population and enriched the granulocytes to 96% of the WBC in the pGC. After 72 h of storage, over 90% of the initial WBC count of pGC remained, was viable (≥97%), and the granulocytes exhibited a high phagocytosis and oxidative burst functionality, comparable to sGC after 24 h.ConclusionPurification extends the maximum storage period of GC from 24 to 72 h and may therefore improve the availability of GC and its clinical use.