bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Postbiotics as an Immunomodulatory of the Immune Response against Brucellosis in Nellore Calves Immunized with S 19 Vaccine
Authors: Santos Caroline Paes dos , Herrera Heitor Miraglia , Campos João Bosco Vilela , Trindade Carolina Santos Pereira Cardoso , Silva Talia Fernandes , Gonçalves Emilly Rebeca Antunes , Santos Filipe Martins , Ramos Carlos Alberto do Nascimento , Llario Pedro Fernandéz , Taveira Amanda Alves Rosa , Oliveira Carina Elisei de 
Published: July 2021

Background: Brucellosis is an important public health disease and a great problem in the cattle production.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory efficiency of a commercial postbiotic in Nellore calves immunized with the Brucella abortus S19 vaccine.
Methods: We used 40 calves negative for Brucella spp. organizated into four treatments during 15 days: InRum (Ingulbal Ruminant®); InPro (Ingulbal Protein®); RumPro (Ingulbal Ruminant® and Ingulbal Protein®); and Cont: control. Collections of whole blood and serum samples were performed at the beginning of the administration of postbiotic and at 15, 45, 75 and 105 days after start the experiment. At 15 days, all animals received the mandatory vaccine S19. In order to assess immunological parameters, the means of total white cells counts, total lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, and total IgG antibodies were determined.
Results: It found a significative increase (P<0.05) of white cells counts and serum IgG levels in the three treatment groups throughout the experiment. Additionally, we observe a tendency not significative in a greater number of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils counts in the treat calves.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the supplementation with postbiotic is a promising alternative to modulate both the cellular and humoral immune response of S19 vaccine against bovine brucellosis.
Multi‐institution consensus paper for acquisition of portable chest radiographs through glass barriers
Authors: McKenney Sarah E. , Wait John M. S. , Cooper Virgil N. , Johnson Amirh M. , Wang Jia , Leung Ann N. , Clements Jessica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo conserve personal protective equipment (PPE) and reduce exposure to potentially infected COVID‐19 patients, several Californian facilities independently implemented a method of acquiring portable chest radiographs through glass barriers that was originally developed by the University of Washington.MethodsThis work quantifies the transmission of radiation through a glass barrier using six radiographic systems at five facilities. Patient entrance air kerma (EAK) and effective dose were estimated both with and without the glass barrier. Beam penetrability and resulting exposure index (EI) and deviation index (DI) were measured and used to adjust the tube current‐time product (mAs) for glass barriers. Because of beam hardening, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was measured with image quality phantoms to ensure diagnostic integrity. Finally, scatter surveys were performed to assess staff radiation exposure both inside and outside the exam room.ResultsThe glass barriers attenuated a mean of 61% of the normal X‐ray beams. When the mAs was increased to match EI values, there was no discernible degradation of image quality as determined by the CNR. This was corroborated with subjective assessments of image quality by chest radiologists. The glass‐hardened beams acted as a filter for low energy X‐rays, and some facilities observed slight changes in patient effective doses. There was scattering from both the phantoms and the glass barriers within the room.ConclusionsGlass barriers require an approximate 2.5 times increase in beam intensity, with all other technique factors held constant. Further refinements are necessary for increased source‐to‐image distance and beam quality in order to adequately match EI values. This does not result in a significant increase in the radiation dose delivered to the patient. The use of lead aprons, mobile shields, and increased distance from scattering sources should be employed where practicable in order to keep staff radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable.
Ambilaterality of Redox Mediators towards 1O2 in Li‐O2 Batteries: Trap and Quencher
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Wook , Kim Hun , Jung Hun‐Gi , Sun Yang‐Kook , Kwak Won‐Jin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLithium oxygen batteries (LOBs) are considered promising next‐generation lithium batteries owing to their high theoretical specific energy density. However, several issues must be addressed for realizing the practical applications of LOBs. Among them, the evolution of singlet oxygen (1O2)—which undergoes vigorous reactions that compromise the stability of the system—is a key challenge. The high overpotential induced by low‐conductivity lithium peroxide necessitates the use of a redox mediator (RM) to facilitate the charging process; however, RMs can also be degraded by 1O2, which limits their efficacy in the long term. Recently, it was revealed that certain RMs play a role in suppressing the generation of 1O2. In this review, the relationship between the RM and 1O2 is described. Based on recent understandings, clear insight into RM reactions toward 1O2 and possible future research directions will be provided.
Micro‐Electrode with Fast Mass Transport for Enhancing Selectivity of Carbonaceous Products in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Qixing , Ren Dan , Pan Sanjiang , Wang Manjing , Luo Jingshan , Zhao Ying , Grätzel Michael , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction on copper electrodes in an aqueous electrolyte, one of the key challenges is the competition between hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction, especially under large current density. Here, micro‐electrodes are designed with a copper wire as the substrate, which shows improved mass transport compared to the planar electrode. The Faradaic efficiency for C2+ products reaches 79% with a partial geometric current density −77.7 mA cm−2 on Cu2O nanowire/micro‐electrode, which is 3.7 times higher than Cu2O nanowire/planar‐electrode. The authors also designed CuO and metallic Cu with micro‐electrode as substrate and observed enhanced selectivity for carbonaceous products, proving the universality of the concept. The improved activity is attributed to the fast mass transport of CO2 to the catalytic interface and thus the suppression of hydrogen production.
Selective Wavelength Enhanced Photochemical and Photothermal H2 Generation of Classical Oxide Supported Metal Catalyst
Authors: Ng Serene Wen Ling , Gao Minmin , Lu Wanheng , Hong Minghui , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConventional views of constructing simply broadband catalysts for photothermal‐enhanced catalysis do not realize that without designating photochemical and photothermal conversion to their optimal working spectra can lead to a performance trade‐off. Here, spectrally selective designed photoredox and photothermal heating functions of a classical oxide supported metal catalyst are demonstrated, which exhibits markedly improved hydrogen reactivity. While photothermal hydrogen producing catalysis is previously demonstrated, distinctive wavelength dominant redox and thermal phenomena are not studied due to the complex interdependent behavior they exhibit. The exceptionally high H2 evolution rate of 30.2 mmol g−1 h−1 (≈74 times that of the control sample) is attributed to the nonoverlapped light absorption and undisrupted charge transfer rationales. This study presents a proof‐by‐existence that spectrally tailored solar utilization strategy is broadly impactful for the hybrid photothermal–photochemical catalysis. Moreover, the spatially decoupled structural configuration may open up discrete parametric control over photoredox and photoheating functionalities.
Excitation‐Dependent Emission Color Tuning of 0D Cs2InBr5·H2O at High Pressure
Authors: Li Qian , Xu Bin , Chen Zhongwei , Han Jiang , Tan Li , Luo Zhishan , Shen Pengfei , Quan Zewei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelf‐trapped exciton (STE) emission of low‐dimensional metal halides has witnessed explosive developments in both display and illumination, due to its intriguing photoluminescence properties. As one typical feature, STE emission energy is commonly independent of excitation wavelength. Herein, a rare phenomenon of inverse excitation‐dependent dual‐band emission is achieved on 0D Cs2InBr5·H2O. Under initial compression, the contraction of inhomogeneously coordinated InBr5O octahedra gives rise to blue‐shifted STE emission with the decreased Stokes shift. As the phase transition occurs under higher pressure, considerable octahedral distortions generate a new defect‐related localized exciton emission. Notably, the high‐energy emission from the intrinsic STE state is only observed under the low‐energy excitation, which is believed to originate from the excitation‐dependent multiple excited states in high‐pressure Cs2InBr5·H2O.
All‐Day Anti‐Icing/De‐Icing Coating by Solar‐Thermal and Electric‐Thermal Effects
Authors: Liu Yubo , Xu Rongnian , Luo Ning , Liu Yizhe , Wu Yang , Yu Bo , Liu Shujuan , Zhou Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIce formation is a common phenomenon that brings security risks in numerous fields. A superhydrophobic surface can greatly delay icing time due to its liquid repellence feature, but it fails under cold and humid conditions. In this work, a photo‐thermal@electro‐thermal superhydrophobic coating (PESC) consisting of electric‐conductive carbon nanotubes (ECNTs) and fluoro‐modified polyacrylate is constructed by means of spray to realize both anti‐icing and de‐icing simultaneously. Traditional ECNTs not only provide hierarchical micro‐nano structures to construct superhydrophobic surfaces for anti‐icing, but also guarantee de‐icing capacity because of solar‐thermal and electric‐thermal effects. In warm daytime, enough heat is generated by solar‐thermal conversion to keep the temperature of the coating surface above zero to achieve anti‐icing and de‐icing. On a cloudy day or extremely cold day, the coating also can stay warm to prevent icing, owing to photo‐thermal and electric‐thermal dual effects. And during the cold nighttime, the coating is heated to prevent icing after it is electrified as a result of electric‐thermal effects. The PESC system can reduce electricity consumption from the maximum, fulfilling eco‐friendly and energy saving concepts. This functional superhydrophobic coating with anti‐icing and swift de‐icing performance may have broad application prospects in the power industry.
Large‐Area Transient Conductive Films Obtained through Photonic Sintering of 2D Materials
Authors: Huo Wenxing , Zhang Zi'an , Wang Zilun , Wu Ziyue , Li Jiameng , Chai Yang , Huang Xian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTransient electronics that can chemically or physically disappear after a period of stable operation have been achieved through various metal and semiconductor materials. Despite excellent properties and wide availability of 2D materials and van der Waals (vdW) thin‐film electronics, transient films and devices based on them have rarely been reported, not to mention large‐area production with high throughput. Here, a photonic sintering approach is developed to achieve large‐area transient vdW films that may be used for bioresorbable devices. The approach can process 2D materials such as graphite, graphene, and transition metal sulfide, resulting in continuous films that are 10 × 10 cm2 in area and ≈60 to ≈440 nm in thickness on transient substrates. The influence of interfacial adhesion and sintering conditions to the thickness and the electrical properties of transient graphite films is investigated. In addition, the transient films can yield conductive patterns such as biopotential electrodes, interdigital electrodes, and resistor arrays using complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes or a two‐step sintering method. The photonic sintering method may eventually lead to large‐area transient electronics for innovative applications in healthcare, data security, and consumer electronics, and enrich the category of transient electronics through achievement of more printable transient vdW electronics.
High‐Capacity and Kinetically Accelerated Lithium Storage in MoO3 Enabled by Oxygen Vacancies and Heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Chen Peng , Wang Qingyu , Wang Qian , Zhu Kai , Ye Ke , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue , Yan Jun , Zhang Qiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMolybdenum trioxide (MoO3) has recently aroused intensive interest as a renowned conversion‐type anode of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, the inferior rate capability, sluggish reaction kinetics, and fast capacity decay during a long‐term charge/discharge process seriously inhibits large‐scale commercial application. Herein, abundant oxygen vacancies and MXene nanosheets are elaborately introduced into MoO3 nanobelts through hydrazine reduction and electrostatic assembly to accelerate the ionic and electronic diffusion/transport kinetics for LIBs. Benefitting from the accelerated ion diffusion kinetics, enhanced electrical conductivity, and additional active sites induced by oxygen vacancies as well as the robust interfacial contact, the prepared MoO3−x/MXene heterostructure exhibits excellent lithium‐ion storage performances. First‐principles calculations indicate that the adsorption of Li+ ion and the electrical conductivity are significantly enhanced for the MoO3−x/MXene heterostructure. Thus, the composite exhibits high reversible capacity of 1258 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 for Li‐ion storage and retains 474 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, remarkably higher than those of the previously reported MoO3‐based anode materials. More importantly, the composite is fabricated with commercial LiFePO4 into a full LIB, which displays an unparalleled energy density of 330 Wh kg−1.
Diaminomethylenemalononitrile as a Chiral Single Hydrogen Bond Catalyst: Application to Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of α‐Branched Aldehydes
Authors: Kawada Masahiro , Tsuyusaki Ryo , Nakashima Kosuke , Akutsu Hiroshi , Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Matsumoto Takashi , Yanai Hikaru , Miura Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn improved diaminomethylenemalononitrile organocatalyst, bearing aN,N‐disubstituted structure, promoted enantioselective conjugate addition reaction of α‐branched aldehydes with vinyl sulfone, affording adducts with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee). Mechanistic studies revealed that the diaminomethylenemalononitrile motif holds the vinyl sulfone substrate using a single hydrogen bond accompanied by multiple weak interactions, including electrostatic C−H⋅⋅⋅O interactions.
A new strategy for quality evaluation and control of Chinese patent medicine based on chiral isomer ratio analysis: With Yuanhuzhitong tablet as an example
Authors: Gou Yan , Geng Zhao , Zhong Lian , Wei Jinchao , Liu Juanru , Deng Xiaohong , Li Min , Yuan Jun , Wang Yitao , Guo Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChiral compounds commonly exist in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but little research on the quality control of TCM has been conducted. In this study, a new strategy is proposed, taking Yuanhuzhitong tablet [YHZT, consisting of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Rhizoma Corydalis (Yan Hu Suo, YHS)] for example, which is based on chiral isomer ratio analysis to monitor the production process of Chinese patent medicine companies. In the process of content determination for tetrahydropalmatine (THP) in YHZT from different companies, noticeable differences were observed in their chromatographic behaviors. It is known that THP has two enantiomers, naturally coexisting in YHS as a racemic mixture, so we prepared THP twice and subsequently performed chiral separation analysis using supercritical fluid chromatography. As a result, the peak area ratios of two enantiomers from different companies varied remarkably, demonstrating that some companies did not probably manufacture YHZT products in accordance with the prescription proportion, used inferior or extracted YSH crude materials in the production process, and added raw chemical medicine in the production to reach the standard and lower the costs. In conclusion, the peak area ratio of chiral isomers could be taken as a key quality index.
Performing nasopharyngeal swabs—Guidelines based on an anatomical study
Authors: Pruidze Paata , Mincheva Plamena , Weninger Jeremias T. , Reissig Lukas F. , Hainfellner Andreas , Weninger Wolfgang J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNasopharyngeal swabs are performed to collect material for diagnosing diseases affecting the respiratory system, such as Covid‐19. Yet, no systematic anatomical study defines concrete prerequisites for successfully targeting the nasopharyngeal mucosa. We therefore aim at simulating nasopharyngeal swabs in human body donors to characterize parameters allowing and supporting to enter the nasopharynx with a swab, while avoiding endangering the cribriform plate. With the aid of metal probes and commercial swabs a total of 314 nasopharyngeal swabs in anatomical head/neck specimens stemming from 157 body donors were simulated. Important anatomical parameters were photo‐documented and measured. We provide information on angles and distances between prominent anatomical landmarks and particularly important positions the probe occupies during its advancement through the nares to the upper and lower parts of the nasopharynx and cribriform plate. Based on these data we suggest a simple and safe three‐step procedure for conducting nasopharyngeal swabs. In addition, we define easily recognizable signals for its correct performance. Evaluations prove that this procedure in all specimens without deformations of the nasal cavity allows the swab to enter the nasopharynx, whereas a widespread used alternative only succeeds in less than 50%. Our data will be the key for the successful collection of nasopharyngeal material for detecting and characterizing pathogens, such as SARS‐CoV‐2, which have a high affinity to pharyngeal mucosa. They demonstrate that the danger for damaging the cribriform plate or olfactory mucosa with swabs is unlikely, but potentially higher when performing nasal swabs.
The effect of Macleaya cordata extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis
Authors: Zeng Ze , Sheng Ping , Zhang Huaqi , He Li , Huang Jiangli , Wang Dongsheng , Gui Ganbei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMethane production is the main gas energy loss in ruminants and generates a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to climate changes. Macleaya cordata is a plant commonly utilized additive in livestock diet as it contains various chemical compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to explore the influence of M. cordata extract on in vitro methanogenesis and rumen fermentation. Three cannulated Jingjiang cattle were used as rumen fluid donors. The mixture of rumen fluid and a buffer (60 ml, 1:2 volume ratio) was treated with 6 different concentrations of M. cordata extract (0.01%, 0.11%, 0.21%, 0.31%, 0.41%, and 0.51%) and incubated for 12 and 24 hr. The control sample, with no addition of plant extract, was also analyzed. At each time point, pH, total gas, methane, dry matter (DM) digestibility, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N), microbial protein (MCP), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations were determined. Total gas production decreased with increasing the amount of M. cordata extract at all time points. Methane production also decreased dose‐dependently with M. cordata extract after 3, 6, 9, and 12 hr of incubation, but increased after 24 hr. M. cordata extract decreased the concentration of NH3‐N and VFA, and the amount of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. M. cordata extract decreased the MCP concentration after 12 hr, but its level returned to the initial value after 24 hr. Supplementation with 0.01, 0.11, and 0.21% of M. cordata extract did not affect the DM digestibility. However, supplementation with 0.31, 0.41, and 0.51% of M. cordata extract significantly decreased the DM digestibility. Supplementation with 0.11% of M. cordata extract effectively reduced methane production without affecting the DM digestion in vitro. However, its effect on in vivo methane production, rumen fermentation, and ruminant production requires further investigation.
Relative sit‐to‐stand power: aging trajectories, functionally relevant cut‐off points, and normative data in a large European cohort
Authors: Alcazar Julian , Alegre Luis M. , Van Roie Evelien , Magalhães João P. , Nielsen Barbara R. , González‐Gross Marcela , Júdice Pedro B. , Casajús Jose A. , Delecluse Christophe , Sardinha Luis B. , Suetta Charlotte , Ara Ignacio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundA validated, standardized, and feasible test to assess muscle power in older adults has recently been reported: the sit‐to‐stand (STS) muscle power test. This investigation aimed to assess the relationship between relative STS power and age and to provide normative data, cut‐off points, and minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for STS power measures in older women and men.MethodsA total of 9320 older adults (6161 women and 3159 men) aged 60–103 years and 586 young and middle‐aged adults (318 women and 268 men) aged 20–60 years were included in this cross‐sectional study. Relative (normalized to body mass), allometric (normalized to height squared), and specific (normalized to legs muscle mass) muscle power values were assessed by the 30 s STS power test. Body composition was evaluated by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, and legs skeletal muscle index (SMI; normalized to height squared) was calculated. Habitual and maximal gait speed, timed up‐and‐go test, and 6 min walking distance were collected as physical performance measures, and participants were classified into two groups: well‐functioning and mobility‐limited older adults.ResultsRelative STS power was found to decrease between 30–50 years (−0.05 W·kg−1·year−1; P > 0.05), 50–80 years (−0.10 to −0.13 W·kg−1·year−1; P < 0.001), and above 80 years (−0.07 to −0.08 W·kg−1·year−1; P < 0.001). A total of 1129 older women (18%) and 510 older men (16%) presented mobility limitations. Mobility‐limited older adults were older and exhibited lower relative, allometric, and specific power; higher body mass index (BMI) and legs SMI (both only in women); and lower legs SMI (only in men) than their well‐functioning counterparts (all P < 0.05). Normative data and cut‐off points for relative, allometric, and specific STS power and for BMI and legs SMI were reported. Low relative STS power occurred below 2.1 W·kg−1 in women (area under the curve, AUC, [95% confidence interval, CI] = 0.85 [0.84–0.87]) and below 2.6 W·kg−1 in men (AUC [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.87–0.91]). The age‐adjusted odds ratios [95% CI] for mobility limitations in older women and men with low relative STS power were 10.6 [9.0–12.6] and 14.1 [10.9–18.2], respectively. MCID values for relative STS power were 0.33 W·kg−1 in women and 0.42 W·kg−1 in men.ConclusionsRelative STS power decreased significantly after the age of 50 years and was negatively and strongly associated with mobility limitations. Our study provides normative data, functionally relevant cut‐off points, and MCID values for STS power for their use in daily clinical practice.