bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Planting Density and Impact of Panicle Types on Grain Yield and Microclimatic Response Index of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Guotao , Wang Xuechun , Nabi Farhan , Wang Hongni , Zhao Changkun , Peng Youlin , Ma Jun , Hu Yungao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe architecture of rice plant represents important and complex agronomic traits, such as panicles morphology, which directly influence the microclimate of rice population and consequently grain yield. To enhance yield, modification of plant architecture to create new hybrid cultivars is considered a sustainable approach. The current study includes an investigation of yield and microclimate response index under low to high plant density of two indica hybrid rice R498 (curved panicles) and R499 (erect panicles), from 2017 to 2018. The split-plot design included planting densities of 11.9–36.2 plant/m2. The results showed that compared with R498, R499 produced a higher grain yield of 8.02–8.83 t/ha at a higher planting density of 26.5–36.2 plant/m2. The response index of light intensity and relative humidity to the planting density of R499 was higher than that of R498 at the lower position of the rice population. However, the response index of temperature to the planting density of R499 was higher at the upper position (0.2–1.4%) than at the lower position. Compared with R498, R499 at a high planting density developed lower relative humidity (78–88%) and higher light intensity (9900–15,916 lx) at the lower position of the rice population. Our finding suggests that erect panicles are highly related to grain yield microclimatic contributors under a highly dense rice population, such as light intensity utilization, humidity, and temperature. The application of erect panicle rice type provides a potential strategy for yield improvement by increasing microclimatic conditions in rice.
Production of ceramic construction materials as an environmental management solution for sulfidic mine tailings
Authors: Paiva H. , Simões F. , Maljaee H. , Yliniemi J. , Illikainen M. , Ferreira V. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMine tailings (MT) waste valorization in construction materials can be one possible solution because they may allow an alternative for some applications as an important contribution for a more circular economy. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of using a sulfidic mine tailing in the production of building materials such as ceramic roof tiles. The introduction of 5, 10 and 20% MT in ceramic roof tiles promoted an improvement on the final properties of these materials. The use of 20%MT has decreased the firing temperature from 1150º to 1050 ºC, hence promoting energy savings and lower costs. Properties as density and water absorption were improved. Firing shrinkage, many times responsible for cracking, also decrease with the use of MT and, in this way, improve the production rate. The 20% MT ceramic formulation achieved the highest value of strength with lowest firing temperature. For the effects of sulphates' emission (SO2 and SO3 gases) upon firing, a solution was proposed involving their reaction with water and, through condensation, providing afterwards sulphuric acid as a process by-product. The use of high sulphide MT in ceramic roof tiles processing could be viewed as a potential safe waste management solution for these particular mine tailings.
A Yeast BiFC-Seq Method for Genome-Wide Interactome Mapping
Authors: Shang Limin , Zhang Yuehui , Liu Yuchen , Jin Chaozhi , Yuan Yanzhi , Tian Chunyan , Ni Ming , Bo Xiaochen , Zhang Li , Li Dong , He Fuchu , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Genome-wide physical protein–protein interaction (PPI) mapping remains a major challenge for current technologies. Here, we reported a high-efficiency BiFC-seq method, yeast-enhanced green fluorescent protein-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation (yEGFP-BiFC) coupled with next-generation DNA sequencing, for interactome mapping. We first applied yEGFP-BiFC method to systematically investigate an intraviral network of the Ebola virus. Two-thirds (9/14) of known interactions of EBOV were recaptured, and five novel interactions were discovered. Next, we used the BiFC-seq method to map the interactome of the tumor protein p53. We identified 97 interactors of p53, more than three-quarters of which were novel. Furthermore, in a more complex background, we screened potential interactors by pooling two BiFC libraries together and revealed a network of 229 interactions among 205 proteins. These results show that BiFC-seq is a highly sensitive, rapid, and economical method for genome-wide interactome mapping.
Resequencing 250 Soybean Accessions: New Insights into Genes Associated with Agronomic Traits and Genetic Networks
Authors: Yang Chunming , Yan Jun , Jiang Shuqin , Li Xia , Min Haowei , Wang Xiangfeng , Hao Dongyun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The limited knowledge of genomic diversity and functional genes associated with the traits of soybean varieties has resulted in slow progress in breeding. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of 250 soybean landraces and cultivars from China, America, and Europe, and investigated their population structure, genetic diversity and architecture, and the selective sweep regions of these accessions. Five novel agronomically important genes were identified, and the effects of functional mutations in respective genes were examined. The candidate genes GSTT1, GL3, and GSTL3 associated with the isoflavone content, CKX3 associated with yield traits, and CYP85A2 associated with both architecture and yield traits were found. The phenotype–gene network analysis revealed that hub nodes play a crucial role in complex phenotypic associations. This study describes novel agronomic trait-associated genes and a complex genetic network, providing a valuable resource for future soybean molecular breeding.
Coupling the Rice Convection Model‐Equilibrium to the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry Global Magnetohydrodynamic Model
Authors: Bao Shanshan , Toffoletto Frank , Yang Jian , Sazykin Stanislav , Wiltberger Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe pursuit of realistic simulation of the physics of plasma transport, ring current formation and storm‐triggered Earth magnetic and electric field is an ongoing challenge in magnetospheric physics. To this end, we have implemented a coupling of the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamic model with the Rice convection model‐equilibrium (RCM‐E) of the inner‐magnetosphere and plasma sheet. This one‐way coupling scheme allows continuous update of the RCM‐E boundary conditions from the plasma moments calculated by the LFM while preserving entropy conservation. This results in a model that has the high‐resolution self‐consistent description of the inner magnetosphere and includes the effects of time‐dependent outer‐magnetospheric electromagnetic fields and plasma configurations. In addition, driving the RCM‐E in this way resolves the issue of having a plasma‐β‐constrained region in the coupled model of LFM‐RCM and expands the RCM‐E simulation region farther out into plasma sheet where the storm‐time plasma transportation takes place. In the ionosphere, the RCM‐E replaces the ionospheric electric field model of LFM with the one used by the RCM. The electric potential produced, along with the realistic ionospheric precipitation patterns shows strong consistency with the transportation patterns in the plasma sheet featured with well‐resolved bubbles and bursty bulk flows. Results from the simulations of an idealized event will be presented and discussed.
Latest Pleistocene–Holocene Incremental Slip Rates of the Wairau Fault: Implications for Long‐Distance and Long‐Term Coordination of Faulting Between North and South Island, New Zealand
Authors: Zinke R. , Dolan J. F. , Rhodes E. J. , Van Dissen R. J. , Hatem A. E. , McGuire C. P. , Brown N. D. , Grenader J. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe use high‐resolution lidar microtopographic data and luminescence dating to constrain incremental Holocene–latest Pleistocene slip rates for the Wairau fault, a major dextral strike‐slip fault in the Marlborough Fault System, South Island, New Zealand. Our data come from two closely spaced study areas along the structurally simple, central portion of the fault: The well‐known Branch River terrace flight, and a previously undated series of offset risers and channel features several km to the east that we refer to as the Dunbeath site. Field work and mapping using lidar‐derived topography yields revised or novel measurements of nine fault offsets. We date those features using a post‐IR50‐IRSL225 infrared stimulated luminescence dating method, and a stratigraphically informed Bayesian age model. The dated slip history of the Wairau fault is further constrained using newly cataloged offset measurements collected along a ∼35 km stretch of the fault, and available paleoseismic data. Incremental slip rates are precisely computed using a Monte Carlo resampling scheme. Our results provide a nearly earthquake‐by‐earthquake record of incremental slip, with pronounced variations in incremental slip rate spanning multiple millennia and tens of m of slip. These extreme, multi‐millennial variations in fault slip rate have basic implications for earthquake occurrence, plate boundary lithosphere behavior, and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment.
An Eulerian Model for the Transport and Diffusion of Floating Particles Within Regions of Emergent Vegetation
Authors: Shi Wei , Peruzzo Paolo , Defina Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmergent vegetation has a significant impact on floating particle transport and diffusion in open channel flow. The random walk model of a Lagrangian approach has proven more than suitable to describe the rather unpredictable moving trajectory of particles within emergent vegetation. However, compared to the large computational costs of the Lagrangian model, which also requires more input data, a simplified model based on the Eulerian approach can be by far preferable and cost‐effective for rapid first‐order prediction of particle transport and diffusion within vegetated areas. In this study, we developed a one‐dimensional advection‐diffusion model to simulate particle transport processes within vegetated areas, and to explore the impacts of vegetation on particles transport, diffusion and removal. The model parameters, including the probability of a particle colliding with a stem, and the probability of it being temporarily trapped or permanently captured by a stem, as well as the mean retention time that govern the random walk model, are introduced to estimate the mean velocity, diffusion coefficient, removal rate of particles of Eulerian model, distinguishing from the standard advection and diffusion parameters. The validity of the parameters is verified through the stochastic model with a large number of realizations. The comparison between the dispersal kernel as well as the spatio‐temporal distribution of floating particles predicted by Eulerian model and stochastic model is quite satisfactory and suggests that the Eulerian model we proposed is properly described.
Systematic Evaluation of Geometry‐Driven Lateral River‐Groundwater Exchange in Floodplains
Authors: Allgeier Jonas , Martin Simon , Cirpka Olaf A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe widening and narrowing of river‐valley aquifers can cause valley‐scale lateral hyporheic exchange even if the river is straight and its slope is uniform. For the aforementioned system, we derive a semi‐analytical solution describing steady‐state groundwater flow for a simplified two‐dimensional geometry of the aquifer and uniform lateral influx from hillslopes. We use this solution to evaluate the geometry‐driven lateral hyporheic exchange flux between the aquifer and the river. By systematically varying the model parameters, we decipher how this flux and the area of the exchange zone depend on geometric (e.g., minimum and maximum domain width) and hydrogeological parameters (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, ambient hydraulic gradient and lateral influxes). The results suggest pronounced hyporheic flow for cases with distinct widening behavior and small cross‐sectional widths at the floodplain inlet and outlet. Furthermore, we analyze the travel‐time distribution of water flowing through the exchange zone, which approximately follows a beta distribution. We express our findings in terms of simple proxy‐equations that can be used to easily estimate the exchange flux, the area of the exchange zone, and the associated travel‐time distribution for a given geographic/landscape setting.
Identification and characterization of relapse-initiating cells in MLL-rearranged infant ALL by single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Candelli Tito , Schneider Pauline , Garrido Castro Patricia , Jones Luke A. , Bodewes Eduard , Rockx-Brouwer Dedeke , Pieters Rob , Holstege Frank C. P. , Margaritis Thanasis , Stam Ronald W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInfants with MLL-rearranged infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MLL-r iALL) undergo intense therapy to counter a highly aggressive malignancy with survival rates of only 30–40%. The majority of patients initially show therapy response, but in two-thirds of cases the leukemia returns, typically during treatment. The glucocorticoid drug prednisone is established as a major player in the treatment of leukemia and the in vivo response to prednisone monotreatment is currently the best indicator of risk for MLL-r iALL. We used two different single-cell RNA sequencing technologies to analyze the expression of a prednisone-dependent signature, derived from an independent study, in diagnostic bone marrow and peripheral blood biopsies. This allowed us to classify individual leukemic cells as either resistant or sensitive to treatment and show that quantification of these two groups can be used to better predict the occurrence of future relapse in individual patients. This work also sheds light on the nature of the therapy-resistant subpopulation of relapse-initiating cells. Leukemic cells associated with high relapse risk are characterized by basal activation of glucocorticoid response, smaller size, and a quiescent gene expression program with cell stemness properties. These results improve current risk stratification and elucidate leukemic therapy-resistant subpopulations at diagnosis.
SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and immune pathogenesis among school-aged learners in four diverse schools
Authors: Cooper Dan M. , Zulu Michael Z. , Jankeel Allen , Ibraim Izabela Coimbra , Ardo Jessica , Kasper Kirsten , Stephens Diana , Meyer Andria , Stehli Annamarie , Condon Curt , Londoño Mary E. , Schreiber Casey M. , Lopez Nanette V. , Camplain Ricky L. , Weiss Michael , Golden Charles , Radom-Aizik Shlomit , Boden-Albala Bernadette , Chau Clayton , Messaoudi Ilhem , Ulloa Erlinda R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is necessary to reopen schools safely.

Methods
We measured SARS-CoV-2 infection in 320 learners [10.5 ± 2.1 (sd); 7–17 y.o.] at four diverse schools with either remote or on-site learning. Schools A and B served low-income Hispanic learners; school C served many special-needs learners, and all provided predominantly remote instruction. School D served middle- and upper-income learners, with predominantly on-site instruction. Testing occurred in the fall (2020), and 6–8 weeks later during the fall-winter surge (notable for a tenfold increase in COVID-19 cases). Immune responses and mitigation fidelity were also measured.

Results
We found SARS-CoV-2 infections in 17 learners only during the surge. School A (97% remote learners) had the highest infection (10/70, 14.3%, p < 0.01) and IgG positivity rates (13/66, 19.7%). School D (93% on-site learners) had the lowest infection and IgG positivity rates (1/63, 1.6%). Mitigation compliance [physical distancing (mean 87.4%) and face-covering (91.3%)] was remarkably high at all schools. Documented SARS-CoV-2-infected learners had neutralizing antibodies (94.7%), robust IFN-γ + T cell responses, and reduced monocytes.

Conclusions
Schools can implement successful mitigation strategies across a wide range of student diversity. Despite asymptomatic to mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, children generate robust humoral and cellular immune responses.

Impact

Successful COVID-19 mitigation was implemented across a diverse range of schools.

School-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections reflect regional rates rather than remote or on-site learning.

Seropositive school-aged children with asymptomatic to mild SARS-CoV-2 infections generate robust humoral and cellular immunity.
2D Z-scheme TiO2/SnS2 heterojunctions with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance for refractory contaminants and mechanistic insights
Authors: Gao Juan , Sun Xiaowei , Zheng Lingcheng , He Gang , Wang Yanfen , Li Yang , Liu Yin , Deng Jiale , Liu Mei , Hu Jintao 
Published: July 2021

The Z-scheme TiO2/SnS2 nanosheet heterojunctions significantly broaden the visible photoabsorption region and accelerate the separation of e–h pairs, thereby resulting in a higher photocatalytic activity for refractory contaminants.
A negotiation‐based right‐of‐way assignment strategy to ensure traffic safety and efficiency in lane changes
Authors: Zhao Can , Li Zhiheng , Li Li , Wu Xiangbin , Wang Fei‐Yue 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is widely acknowledged that verifying the safety of autonomous driving strategies requires a substantial body of simulation testing and road testing. In recent years, the formal safety methods represented by Responsibility‐Sensitive Safety (RSS) have encouraged low‐cost autonomous driving safety research, benefitting from its accurate assessment of safety and clear division of responsibilities. However, how to maintain traffic efficiency while ensuring safety remains a challenge. To address this problem, this paper proposes a formulized negotiation‐based lane‐changing strategy that makes a trade‐off between safety and efficiency. Both theoretical analysis and numerical experimental results shows that compared to RSS, our strategy can noticeably improve the success rate of changing lanes on the premise of safety.
Guest Editorial: Papers from the SEE International Conference RADAR 2019
Authors: Marc Lesturgie , Laurent Savy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis Editorial introduces a Special Issue of papers from the SEE International Conference RADAR 2019, which took place in Toulon, France, 23–27 September 2019. The papers are expanded versions of ones that were judged in the reviewing process to be of the highest quality and relevance. Benefitting from the unique location of the conference centre on the French Riviera, the conference was given the theme ‘Sensing from sea to space’, attracting nearly 400 attendees from 26 countries from all over the world (Figure ). Engineers and researchers coming from private or public sector (universities and laboratories) shared their knowledge and experience on radar topics of common interests from physics to signal processing, from sensor validation to system design, and also on emerging technologies based on artificial intelligence; all topics being supported by 200 papers presented either in oral (150 papers in 36 sessions), or poster sessions (50 papers). Figure shows the range of topics of the papers.Conference attendees by countryimageConference paper topicsimage
Spectroscopic measurements of CH3OH in layered and mixed interstellar ice analogues
Authors: Müller B. , Giuliano B. M. , Goto M. , Caselli P. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The molecular composition of interstellar ice mantles is defined by gas-grain processes in molecular clouds, with the main components being H2O, CO, and CO2. Methanol (CH3OH) ice is detected towards the denser pre-stellar cores and star-forming regions, where large amounts of CO molecules freeze out and get hydrogenated on top of the icy grains. The thermal heating from nearby protostars can further change the ice structure and composition. Despite the several observations of icy features carried out towards molecular clouds and along the line of site of protostars, it is not yet clear if interstellar ices are mixed or if they have a layered structure.
Aims. We aim to examine the effect of mixed and layered ice growth in dust grain mantle analogues, with specific focus on the position and shape of methanol infrared bands, so dedicated future observations could shed light on the structure of interstellar ices in different environments.
Methods. Mixed and layered ice samples were deposited on a cold substrate kept at a temperature of 10 K using a closed-cycle cryostat placed in a vacuum chamber. The spectroscopic features were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Different proportions of the most abundant four molecular species in ice mantles, namely H2O, CO, CO2, and CH3OH, were investigated, with a special attention placed on the analysis of the CH3OH bands.
Results. We measure changes in the position and shape of the CH and CO stretching bands of CH3OH depending on the mixed or layered nature of the ice sample. Spectroscopic features of methanol are also found to change due to heating.
Conclusions. A layered ice structure best reproduces the CH3OH band position recently observed towards a pre-stellar core and in star-forming regions. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that observations of CH3OH ice features in space can provide information about the structure of interstellar ices, and we expect the James Webb Space Telescope to put stringent constraints on the layered or mixed nature of ices in different interstellar environments, from molecular clouds to pre-stellar cores to protostars and protoplanetary discs.
Stark broadening for Br VI and Kr V-VII lines in hot star atmospheres
Authors: Sahal-Bréchot S. , Elabidi H. 
Published: July 2021

Context. This paper provides missing Stark broadening of the Br VI and Kr V-VII lines recently discovered in the ultraviolet spectrum of the hot white dwarf RE 0503–289 and investigates the importance of the Stark broadening mechanism versus the Doppler mechanism in that star. As far as we know, this is the first time that Stark widths of Br VI and Kr V-VII lines have been calculated.
Aims. The recent discovery of new lines of Br VI and Kr V-VII encourages us to provide their Stark broadening to enrich the STARK-B database and for use in interpretations of the observed spectra.
Methods. We used our quantum mechanical method for calculating electron impact broadening to provide Stark widths. The method starts with an evaluation of the structure and collision parameters using the University College London codes SUPERSTRUCTURE/DISTORTED WAVE/JAJOM, which are adapted to the line broadening calculations. We then used the collision parameters to calculate the line widths using our programs.
Results. We provide the missing widths of 35 lines of Br VI and Kr V-VII at different electron temperatures and at density Ne = 1017 cm−3. We find that the Stark broadening mechanism is preponderant compared to the Doppler one for almost all the plasma conditions of the considered DO white dwarf atmospheres.