bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Adjustable Spherical Four-Bar Linkages As Continuous Passive Motion Devices for Anatomic Joints Rehabilitation
Authors: Hong Boyang , Erdman Arthur , Ham Kealy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Continuous passive motion (CPM) is an important treatment in postoperative rehabilitation of human joints. It can improve the range of motion (ROM), reduce joint stiffness and accelerate the recovery process. The concept of CPM can be applied in many joint rehabilitation applications, including ankle joints, knee joints and elbow joints. However, even within a single type of joint, the ROM can be significantly different from person to person. Adjustable spherical linkage is appropriate for these applications. The following procedure is introduced: synthesize the first set of positions and selects the center point and circle point. Then, with the same center point and circle point, by altering some design parameters, i.e., the length of the input link and output link, a new set of positions can be synthesized. This idea is more practical in three-plus-two position synthesis, but can also be applied to four-plus-three position synthesis, with a significant increase in complexity.
The above synthesis method can be applied to any generic adjustable spherical linkage application. In this paper, this method is tailored to an anatomical joint application for CPM machine design. Clinical motion data is directly used to define the orientation of the joint. The details of this method are illustrated by an example, the ankle joint. The first set of synthesis positions is obtained from the clinical data and a list of designed candidates is presented. After that, we introduced a second set of synthesis positions from the clinical data. The adjustable spherical linkage is synthesized with the common ground pivot. By using this method, an adjustable CPM machine can be designed to cover the minimum ROM and maximum ROM. This machine can be used to more than one patient, as well as throughout a single patient’s full recovery.
Design of Entrance Door Mechanism for Sabreliner Jet Aircraft
Authors: Berg Timothy J. , Erdman Arthur G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The redesign of the entrance door of a Sabreliner corporate jet to improve access to the aircraft cabin is described. The current aircraft design uses a door that opens into the cabin space allowing the top of the door to swing through the opening. The door rotates into its final position where it becomes the entrance steps to the aircraft cabin. In the present configuration, the open door is inclined 60° with the top step situated 14 inches above the cabin floor.
This paper presents two new designs for the cabin door where the top step is reduced to the same height as the cabin floor. In addition, the incline of the steps has been reduced from 60° to about 45° improving access to the cabin. The final designs, developed using LINCAGES 4[1] and LINCAGES 6[2] computer software, are 6-bar mechanisms — one using pin joints and the other using a rotating slider link. In both cases, the floating coupler (the door) is driven by hand.
Closed-Form Determination of the Location of a Rigid Body by Seven In-Parallel Linear Transducers
Authors: Innocenti Carlo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents an original analytic procedure for unambiguously determining the relative position and orientation (location) of two rigid bodies based on the readings from seven linear transducers. Each transducer connects two points arbitrarily chosen on the two bodies. The sought-for rigid-body location simply results by solving linear equations. The proposed procedure is suitable for implementation in control of fully-parallel manipulators with general geometry. A numerical example shows application of the reported results to a case study.
Optimization of Multibody Dynamics Using Pointwise Constraints and Arbitrary Functions
Authors: Urruzola Javier , Avello Alejo , Celigüeta Juan T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Multibody dynamics optimization requires the computation of sensitivities of the objective function and the constraints. This calculation can be done by two methods, direct differentiation and adjoint variable method, that are reviewed in this paper. In either cases, the complexity of the terms that appear in the formulation makes almost a need the use of symbolic computation for the derivation of sensitivities. An existing symbolic manipulator designed for multibody optimization has been enhanced with new and more powerful capabilities. The use of arbitrary functions as design variables and pointwise constraints permits the solution of more complex optimization problems. Some illustrative examples prove the capacity of the method to handle complex optimization problems.
The Relationships Between Training Load, Type of Sport, and Sleep Among High-Level Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Aloulou Anis , Duforez Francois , Léger Damien , De Larochelambert Quentin , Nedelec Mathieu 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of sporting activities, training loads, and athletes’ characteristics on sleep among high-level adolescent athletes, in a controlled training and academic environment. Methods: A total of 128 high-level adolescent athletes (age = 15.2 [2.0] y), across 9 different sports, completed common sleep questionnaires and were monitored daily (7.3 [2.7] d) during a typical in-season training period. Sleep was analyzed using actigraphy and sleep diaries, whereas training load was evaluated using the session rating of perceived exertion, and muscle soreness and general fatigue were reported with the aid of visual analog scales. Separate linear mixed-effects models were fitted, including the athlete as a random effect and the following variables as fixed effects: the sport practiced (categorical predictor), daily training load, age, and sex. Different models were used to compare sleep variables among sports and to assess the influence of training load, age, and sex. Results: The mean total sleep time was 7.1 (0.7) hours. Swimmers presented increased sleep fragmentation, training loads, perceived muscle soreness, and general fatigue compared with athletes who engaged in other sports. Independent of any sport-specific effects, a higher daily training load induced an earlier bedtime and reduced total sleep time and perceived sleep quality, with higher sleep fragmentation. Moreover, female athletes experienced increased total sleep time and worse sleep quality in response to stress compared with those in males. Conclusion: In a controlled training and academic environment, high-level adolescent athletes did not achieve the recommended sleep duration. Impaired sleep quality and quantity could be partially explained by increased training loads.
Exploring Coaches’ Perceptions of the Feasibility of a Movement-Oriented Games-Based Assessment Within “Made to Play” Programs
Authors: Morley David , Miller Andrew , Rudd James , Issartel Johann , Goodway Jackie , O’Connor Donna , Harvey Stephen , Ogilvie Paul , van Rossum Thomas 
Published: February 2021

Coaches can provide an appropriate environment for children to develop a range of movement skills, but there is a dearth of research exploring the creation of appropriate resources to support the coach in developing and assessing children’s Complex Movement Skills. There is also a lack of research around coaches’ perceived feasibility of the limited resources in this area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and then assess the feasibility of a Movement-Oriented Games-Based Assessment (MOGBA) for children aged 8–12 years, to be used by coaches within “Made to Play” programs. Thirteen coaches from across the United States and the United Kingdom used pilot materials to assess the feasibility of MOGBA over a 9-week period. Individual, paired, and focus group interviews were structured and data were thematically analyzed using Bowen et al.’s feasibility framework. Findings suggested that MOGBA provided a welcomed and much needed enhancement to their programs, with effective use of technology-enhanced coaching. Coaching involved notions of pedagogy and assessment, with issues emerging around class size and complexity of assessment. Coaches often used MOGBA covertly and flavored the resource to the sport being delivered, and this revealed to coaches the capability of children not viewed before.
Economic evaluation of nurse-led stroke aftercare addressing long-term psychosocial outcome: a comparison to care-as-usual
Authors: Verberne Daan P J , van Mastrigt Ghislaine A P G , Ponds Rudolf W H M , van Heugten Caroline M , Kroese Mariëlle E A L 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the cost-effectiveness of nurse-led stroke aftercare addressing psychosocial outcome at 6 months post stroke, compared with care-as-usual.DesignEconomic evaluation within a comparative effectiveness research design.SettingPrimary care (2016–2017) and community settings (2011–2013) in the Netherlands.ParticipantsPersons who suffered from ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, or a transient ischaemic attack and were discharged home after visiting the emergency department, hospitalisation or inpatient rehabilitation.InterventionsNurse-led stroke aftercare at 6 months post stroke addressing psychosocial functioning by providing screening, psycho-education, emotional support and referral to specialist care when needed. Care-as-usual concerned routine follow-up care including secondary prevention programmes and a consultation with the neurologist at 6 weeks post stroke.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMain outcome measure of cost-effectiveness was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) estimated by the quality of life measured by the five-dimensional, three-level EuroQol. Costs were assessed using a cost-questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and social participation (Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation) restrictions subscale.ResultsHealth outcomes were significantly better in stroke aftercare for QALYs (Δ=0.05; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.09) and social participation (Δ=4.91; 95% CI 1.89 to 7.93) compared with care-as-usual. Total societal costs were €1208 higher in stroke aftercare than in care-as-usual (95% CI −€3881 to €6057). Healthcare costs were in total €1208 higher in stroke aftercare than in care-as-usual (95% CI −€3881 to €6057). Average costs of stroke aftercare were €91 (SD=€3.20) per person. Base case cost-effectiveness analyses showed an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €24 679 per QALY gained. Probability of stroke aftercare being cost-effective was 64% on a €50 000 willingness-to-pay level.ConclusionsNurse-led stroke aftercare addressing psychosocial functioning showed to be a low-cost intervention and is likely to be a cost-effective addition to care-as-usual. It plays an important role by screening and addressing psychosocial problem, not covered by usual care.
Factors that influence patient preferences for virtual consultations in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Gilbert Anthony W , Jones Jeremy , Stokes Maria , May Carl R 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo identify, characterise and explain factors that influence patient preferences, from the perspective of patients and clinicians, for virtual consultations in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting.DesignQualitative study using semi-structured interviews and abductive analysis.SettingA physiotherapy and occupational therapy department situated within a tertiary orthopaedic centre in the UK.ParticipantsPatients who were receiving orthopaedic rehabilitation for a musculoskeletal problem. Occupational therapists, physiotherapists or therapy technicians involved in the delivery of orthopaedic rehabilitation for patients with a musculoskeletal problem.ResultsTwenty-two patients and 22 healthcare professionals were interviewed. The average interview length was 48 minutes. Four major factors were found to influence preference: the situation of care (the ways that patients understand and explain their clinical status, their treatment requirements and the care pathway), the expectations of care (influenced by a patients desire for contact, psychological status, previous care and perceived requirements), the demands on the patient (due to each patients respective social situation and the consequences of choice) and the capacity to allocate resources to care (these include financial, infrastructural, social and healthcare resources).ConclusionThis study has identified key factors that appear to influence patient preference for virtual consultations in orthopaedic rehabilitation. A conceptual model of these factors, derived from empirical data, has been developed highlighting how they combine and compete. A series of questions, based on these factors, have been developed to support identification of preferences in a clinical setting.
Additional Treatments to the Local tumour for metastatic prostate cancer-Assessment of Novel Treatment Algorithms (IP2-ATLANTA): protocol for a multicentre, phase II randomised controlled trial
Authors: Connor Martin John , Shah Taimur Tariq , Smigielska Katarzyna , Day Emily , Sukumar Johanna , Fiorentino Francesca , Sarwar Naveed , Gonzalez Michael , Falconer Alison , Klimowska-Nassar Natalia , Evans Martin , Naismith Olivia Frances , Thippu Jayaprakash Kamalram , Price Derek , Gayadeen Shiva , Basak Dolan , Horan Gail , McGrath John , Sheehan Denise , Kumar Manal , Ibrahim Azman , Brock Cathryn , Pearson Rachel A. , Anyamene Nicola , Heath Catherine , Shergill Iqbal , Rai Bhavan , Hellawell Giles , McCracken Stuart , Khoubehi Bijan , Mangar Stephen , Khoo Vincent , Dudderidge Tim , Staffurth John Nicholas , Winkler Mathias , Ahmed Hashim Uddin 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionSurvival in men diagnosed withde novosynchronous metastatic prostate cancer has increased following the use of upfront systemic treatment, using chemotherapy and other novel androgen receptor targeted agents, in addition to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Local cytoreductive and metastasis-directed interventions are hypothesised to confer additional survival benefit. In this setting, IP2-ATLANTA will explore progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes with the addition of sequential multimodal local and metastasis-directed treatments compared with standard care alone.MethodsA phase II, prospective, multicentre, three-arm randomised controlled trial incorporating an embedded feasibility pilot. All men with new histologically diagnosed, hormone-sensitive, metastatic prostate cancer, within 4 months of commencing ADT and of performance status 0 to 2 are eligible. Patients will be randomised to Control (standard of care (SOC)) OR Intervention 1 (minimally invasive ablative therapy to prostate±pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND)) OR Intervention 2 (cytoreductive radical prostatectomy±PLND OR prostate radiotherapy±pelvic lymph node radiotherapy (PLNRT)). Metastatic burden will be prespecified using the Chemohormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease (CHAARTED) definition. Men with low burden disease in intervention arms are eligible for metastasis-directed therapy, in the form of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) or surgery. Standard systemic therapy will be administered in all arms with ADT±upfront systemic chemotherapy or androgen receptor agents. Patients will be followed-up for a minimum of 2 years. Primary outcome: PFS. Secondary outcomes include predictive factors for PFS and overall survival; urinary, sexual and rectal side effects. Embedded feasibility sample size is 80, with 918 patients required in the main phase II component. Study recruitment commenced in April 2019, with planned follow-up completed by April 2024.Ethics and disseminationApproved by the Health Research Authority (HRA) Research Ethics Committee Wales-5 (19/WA0005). Study results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03763253; ISCRTN58401737
How digital health solutions align with the roles and functions that support hospital to home transitions for older adults: a rapid review study protocol
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Armas Alana , Law Susan , Tang Terence , Steele Gray Carolyn , Cunningham Heather V , Thombs Rachel , Ellen Moriah , Sritharan Jasvinei , Nie Jason X , Plett Donna , Jarach Carlotta Micaela , Thavorn Kednapa , Nelson Michelle L A 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionOlder adults may experience challenges during the hospital to home transitions that could be mitigated by digital health solutions. However, to promote adoption in practice and realise benefits, there is a need to specify how digital health solutions contribute to hospital to home transitions, particularly pertinent in this era of social distancing. This rapid review will: (1) elucidate the various roles and functions that have been developed to support hospital to home transitions of care, (2) identify existing digital health solutions that support hospital to home transitions of care, (3) identify gaps and new opportunities where digital health solutions can support these roles and functions and (4) create recommendations that will inform the design and structure of future digital health interventions that support hospital to home transitions for older adults (eg, the pre-trial results of the Digital Bridge intervention; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04287192).Methods and analysisA two-phase rapid review will be conducted to meet identified aims. In phase 1, a selective literature review will be used to generate a conceptual map of the roles and functions of individuals that support hospital to home transitions for older adults. In phase 2, a search on MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL will identify literature on digital health solutions that support hospital to home transitions. The ways in which digital health solutions can support the roles and functions that facilitate these transitions will then be mapped in the analysis and generation of findings.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol is a review of the literature and does not involve human subjects, and therefore, does not require ethics approval. This review will permit the identification of gaps and new opportunities for digital processes and platforms that enable care transitions and can help inform the design and implementation of future digital health interventions. Review findings will be disseminated through publications and presentations to key stakeholders.
Surgical repair of primary non-complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the modern era of small-gauge vitrectomy
Authors: Moinuddin Omar , Abuzaitoun Rebhi O , Hwang Min W , Sathrasala Sanjana K , Chen Xing D , Stein Joshua D , Johnson Mark W , Zacks David N , Wubben Thomas J , Besirli Cagri G 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo report anatomic and visual outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), as well as scleral buckling (SB) and PPV/SB as surgical treatments for the management of primary, non-complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods and analysisData from 751 eyes that underwent PPV, SB or combined PPV/SB as a surgical treatment for primary non-complex RRD with at least 3 months of follow-up were analysed to determine rates of single surgery anatomic success (SSAS) and final anatomic success (FAS). Patients or the public were not involved in the design, conduct or reporting of this research.ResultsPPV accounted for 89.0% (n=668), PPV/SB for 6.8% (n=51) and SB for 4.2% (n=32) cases. Overall SSAS (91.2% PPV, 84.3% PPV/SB, 93.8% SB; p=0.267) and FAS (96.7% PPV, 94.1% PPV/SB and 100.0% SB; p=0.221) were reported for the three surgical groups. SSAS and FAS were similar for lens status, macular detachment status and the presence or absence of inferior retinal breaks for each of the PPV, PPV/SB and SB groups.ConclusionsIn this large, single institution, retrospective case series, we report surgical outcomes for patients with primary non-complex RRD managed with PPV, SB or PPV/SB in the modern era of small-gauge vitrectomy. We demonstrate that primary PPV without adjunct SB provides excellent anatomic and visual outcomes irrespective of lens status, macular involvement or pathology location.
Insight from patients and healthcare professionals on the implementation of virtual clinics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kumar Aditi , Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , de Silva Shanika , Trudgill Nigel John , Steed Helen , Brookes Matthew James , Cooney Rachel 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionDuring COVID-19, the management of outpatient inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) changed from face-to-face (F2F) to telephone and video consultations across the UK. We surveyed patients with IBD and IBD healthcare professionals (HCPs) to evaluate the impact of this abrupt transition on patient and HCP satisfaction outcomes, including the barriers and enablers of this service.MethodsPatient satisfaction surveys were sent to patients who had a telephone consultation from May to July 2020. A second survey was sent to IBD HCPs across the UK. Questions from both surveys consisted of a mixture of multiple-choice options, ranking answers as well as short-answer questions.Results210 patients and 114 HCPs completed the survey. During COVID-19, there was a significantly greater use of telephone, video or a mixture of consultation. F2F consultations were consistently preferred by patients, with 50% of patients indicating they did not want the option of for video consultations. Patients were more likely to prefer a telephone consultation if they were stable and needed routine review. Significantly fewer HCPs (5.3%) intend to use F2F consultations alone, preferring the use of telephone (20.2%) or combinations of telephone/F2F (22.8%), telephone/video (4.4%) or combination of all three consultation types (34.2%). 63% indicated they intend to incorporate video consultations in the future.ConclusionTelephone and video consultations need to be balanced proportionately with F2F clinics to achieve both patient and HCP satisfaction. Further research needs to be done to explore the use of video medicine in patients with IBD.