bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcription factors in neurodevelopmental and associated psychiatric disorders: A potential convergence for genetic and environmental risk factors
Authors: Santos‐Terra Júlio , Deckmann Iohanna , Fontes‐Dutra Mellanie , Schwingel Gustavo Brum , Bambini‐Junior Victorio , Gottfried Carmem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a heterogeneous and highly prevalent group of psychiatric conditions marked by impairments in the nervous system. Their onset occurs during gestation, and the alterations are observed throughout the postnatal life. Although many genetic and environmental risk factors have been described in this context, the interactions between them challenge the understanding of the pathways associated with NDDs. Transcription factors (TFs)—a group of over 1,600 proteins that can interact with DNA, regulating gene expression through modulation of RNA synthesis—represent a point of convergence for different risk factors. In addition, TFs organize critical processes like angiogenesis, blood‐brain barrier formation, myelination, neuronal migration, immune activation, and many others in a time and location‐dependent way. In this review, we summarize important TF alterations in NDD and associated disorders, along with specific impairments observed in animal models, and, finally, establish hypotheses to explain how these proteins may be critical mediators in the context of genome‐environment interactions.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Kajita Mikiya , Sato Masamichi , Iizuka Yutaka , Mashimo Yamato , Furuta Natsumi , Kakizaki Satoru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe herein report a case of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The patient was a close contact with a SARS‐CoV‐2 patient. Initially, she did not have any symptoms and quarantined at a hotel. Dysgeusia and olfactory abnormality appeared at day 6 after testing positive for infection and disappeared by day 9. Subsequently, the patient developed numbness of the arms and legs, difficulty walking, and dyspnea and was referred to our hospital. Her clinical examination showed generalized weakness and hyporeflexia. A cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed albuminocytological dissociation. Her nerve conduction studies were consistent with demyelinating polyneuropathy. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered based on a diagnosis of GBS.
Post‐ESWL and post‐ERCP pancreatitis in patients with chronic pancreatitis: Do they share the same risks?
Authors: Ru Nan , Qian Yang‐Yang , Zhu Jia‐Hui , Chen Hui , Zou Wen‐Bin , Hu Liang‐Hao , Pan Jun , Guo Ji‐Yao , Li Zhao‐Shen , Liao Zhuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic intervention combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is recommended as the first line therapy for large pancreatic stones, yet both can cause adverse events. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors for post‐procedural pancreatitis.MethodsConsecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic stones treated with both ESWL and subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) from October 2016 to December 2019 were prospectively enrolled. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to detect risk factors for post‐ESWL and post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP).ResultsA total of 714 patients (507 males, 45.60 ± 12.52 years) were included in this study. A total of 80 patients (11.2%) developed post‐ESWL pancreatitis,while 33 patients (4.6%) suffered from PEP. Steatorrhea (P = .018), multiple stones (P = .043), and stones located at the head combined with the body or tail of the pancreas (P = .015) were identified as independent protective factors for post‐ESWL pancreatitis. The history of acute exacerbations (P = .013), post‐ESWL pancreatitis (P < .001) and stricture dilation during ERCP (P = .002) were identified as risk factors for PEP.ConclusionsMore attention should be paid to patients with post‐ESWL pancreatitis, as well as a history of acute exacerbations and stricture dilation during ERCP to prevent PEP. (ClincialTrials.gov number, NCT04619511).
Determination of trace compounds and artifacts in nitrogen background measurements by proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry under dry and humid conditions
Authors: Salazar Gómez Jorge Iván , Sojka Martha , Klucken Christian , Schlögl Robert , Ruland Holger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA qualitative analysis was applied for the determination of trace compounds at the parts per trillion in volume (pptv) level in the mass spectra of nitrogen of different qualities (5.0 and 6.0) under dry and humid conditions. This qualitative analysis enabled the classification and discovery of hundreds of new ions (e.g., [Sx]H+ species) and artifacts such as parasitic ions and memory effects and their differentiation from real gas impurities. With this analysis, the humidity dependency of all kind of ions in the mass spectrum was determined. Apart from the inorganic artifacts previously discovered, many new organic ions were assigned as instrumental artifacts and new isobaric interferences could be elucidated. From 1140 peaks found in the mass range m/z 0–800, only 660 could be analyzed due to sufficient intensity, from which 463 corresponded to compounds. The number of peaks in nitrogen proton transfer reaction (PTR) spectra was similarly dominated by nonmetallic oxygenated organic compounds (23.5%) and hydrocarbons (24.1%) Regarding only gas impurities, hydrocarbons were the main compound class (50.2%). The highest contribution to the total ion signal for unfiltered nitrogen under dry and humid conditions was from nonmetallic oxygenated compounds. Under dry conditions, nitrogen‐containing compounds exhibit the second highest contribution of 89% and 96% for nitrogen 5.0 and 6.0, respectively, whereas under humid conditions, hydrocarbons become the second dominant group with 69% and 86% for nitrogen 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. With the gathered information, a database can be built as a tool for the elucidation of instrumental and intrinsic gas matrix artifacts in PTR mass spectra and, especially in cases, where dilution with inert gases plays a significant role.
Time scale performance of rapid antigen testing for SARS‐CoV‐2: Evaluation of 10 rapid antigen assays
Authors: Abusrewil Zakarya , Alhudiri Inas M. , Kaal Hamza H. , El Meshri Salah Eldin , Ebrahim Fawzi O. , Dalyoum Tarek , Efrefer Abdussamee A. , Ibrahim Khaled , Elfghi Mohammed B. , Abusrewil Suleiman , Elzagheid Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a great demand for more rapid tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection to reduce waiting time, boost public health strategies for combating disease, decrease costs, and prevent overwhelming laboratory capacities. This study was conducted to assess the performance of 10 lateral flow device viral antigen immunoassays for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. We analyzed 231 nasopharyngeal samples collected from October 2020 to December 2020, from suspected COVID‐19 cases and contacts of positive cases at Biotechnology Research Center laboratories, Tripoli, Libya. The performance of 10 COVID‐19 Antigen (Ag) rapid test devices for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen was compared to a quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). In this study, 161 cases had symptoms consistent with COVID‐19. The mean duration from symptom onset was 6.6 ± 4.3 days. The median cycle threshold (Ct) of positive samples was 25. Among the 108 positive samples detected by RT‐qPCR, the COVID‐19 antigen (Ag) tests detected 83 cases correctly. All rapid Ag test devices used in this study showed 100% specificity. While tests from six manufacturers had an overall sensitivity range from 75% to 100%, the remaining four tests had a sensitivity of 50%–71.43%. Sensitivity during the first 6 days of symptoms and in samples with high viral loads (Ct < 25), was 100% in all but two of the test platforms. False‐negative samples had a median Ct of 34 and an average duration of onset of symptoms of 11.3 days (range = 5–20 days). Antigen test diagnosis has high sensitivity and specificity in early disease when patients present less than 7 days of symptom onset. Patients are encouraged to test as soon as they get COVID‐19‐related symptoms within 1 week and to seek medical advice within 24 h if they develop disturbed smell/taste. The use of rapid antigen tests is important for controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic and reducing the burden on molecular diagnostic laboratories.
Time‐lagged correlations of pre‐monsoon precipitation in the Indochina Peninsula confirmed in a large ensemble simulation dataset
Authors: Chhin Rattana , Siev Sokly , Yoden Shigeo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStatistically significant time‐lagged relationship of pre‐monsoon precipitation in Indochina Peninsula (ICP) with large‐scale feature over the Pacific and Indian Oceans, which was recently found in observational datasets by the authors, is investigated with a large‐ensemble (100 ensembles) simulation database called “Database for Policy Decision‐Making for Future Climate Change” (d4PDF). Two different strategies were taken to perform Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on the large‐ensemble dataset, namely statistics of the analysis results for each ensemble member separately and analysis on the 6,000‐year data (100 times 60 years). d4PDF can reproduce well the climatological characteristics of the observed pre‐monsoon precipitation. Significant time‐lagged correlations of several climate indices related to sea surface temperature (SST) with the pre‐monsoon precipitation in ICP as obtained in the observation are confirmed in d4PDF for both strategies of EOF analyses on each ensemble member and on 6,000‐year data. The climate simulation in d4PDF can capture the lag‐to‐lag variations of the time‐lagged correlation patterns very well, though it is weaker. The time‐lagged regressions of SST and zonal wind at 850 hPa upon the first principal component (PC1) time‐series of the EOF analysis of the pre‐monsoon precipitation over ICP are investigated in low latitudes over the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The observed time‐lagged regression features are also confirmed in d4PDF dataset; the significant regression areas expand larger and significant time lags become longer than the observation, especially in the case of 6,000‐year data, due to enough number of samples. Cluster analysis on the regression maps shows that the obtained groups with larger numbers of ensemble members are closer to the observation than the other groups. The randomness of time‐lagged regression feature among the 100 ensemble members is not directly related to the randomness of the SST perturbation introduced in the lower boundary condition for the ensemble simulation of d4PDF.
Role of steroid injection for skin thickness and edema in rhinoplasty patients
Authors: Aydın Canset , Yücel Ömer Taşkın , Akçalar Seray , Atay Gamze , Özer Serdar , Sözen Tevfik , Akata Deniz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to observe the effect of the triamcinolone acetonide injections in thick skinned patients with ultrasonographic measurements and to compare these results with the postoperative nasal skin thickness of patients that were not injected with steroids.MethodsA prospective study was planned with 42 thick nasal skinned rhinoplasty candidates in our clinic. Skin thickness of specific points along nose was measured and documented. On the 10th day after surgery, triamcinolone acetonide injections were performed into the supratip region of 21 patients in the study group. No injections were made for the control group. Nasal ultrasonographic measurements were repeated 40 days after the surgery for all 42 patients by the same radiologist and results were evaluated.ResultsSeventeen women (40.5%) and 25 men (59.5%) were included in the study. Patients' ages ranged from 18 to 53 with an average age of 27.9. In study group, all injections sites showed thinning on the 40th day after surgery. These findings were statistically significant at B (rhinion), D (middle of supratip), and G (middle of the tip). In the control group, all injection sites except A (nasion) displayed thickening on the 40th day after surgery. These findings were statistically significant at B (rhinion), D (middle of supratip), H (left side of the tip), and J (left alar region).ConclusionTriamcinolone acetonide injections are effective in the prevention of edema and provide thinning of the post‐rhinoplasty skin envelope.
Brain Structural Signature of RFC1‐Related Disorder
Authors: Matos Paula Camila A.A.P. , Rezende Thiago J.R. , Schmitt Gabriel S. , Bonadia Luciana Cardoso , Reis Fabiano , Martinez Alberto R.M. , de Lima Fabrício D. , Bueno Manoella Guerra de Albuquerque , Tomaselli Pedro José , Cendes Fernando , Pedroso José Luiz , Barsottini Orlando G.P. , Marques Wilson , França MarcondesCavalcante 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome was initially described in the early 1990s as a late‐onset slowly progressive condition. Its underlying genetic cause was recently mapped to the RFC1 gene, and additional reports have expanded on the phenotypic manifestations related to RFC1, although little is known about the pattern and extent of structural brain abnormalities in this condition.ObjectiveThe aim is to characterize the structural signature of brain damage in RFC1‐related disorder, correlating the findings with clinical symptoms and normal brain RFC1 expression.MethodsWe recruited 22 individuals with molecular confirmation of RFC1 expansions and submitted them to high‐resolution 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans. We performed multimodal analyses to assess separately cerebral and cerebellar abnormalities within gray and white matter (WM). The results were compared with a group of 22 age‐ and sex‐matched controls.ResultsThe mean age and disease duration of patients were 62.8 and 10.9 years, respectively. Ataxia, sensory neuronopathy, and vestibular areflexia were the most frequent manifestations, but parkinsonism and pyramidal signs were also noticed. We found that RFC1‐related disorder is characterized by widespread and relatively symmetric cerebellar and basal ganglia atrophy. There is brainstem volumetric reduction along all its segments. Cerebral WM is also involved—mostly the corpus callosum and deep tracts, but cerebral cortical damage is rather restricted.ConclusionThis study adds new relevant insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of RFC1‐related disorder. It should no longer be considered a purely cerebellar and sensory pathway disorder. Basal ganglia and deep cerebral WM are additional targets of damage. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Utility of diffusion MRI characteristics of cervical lymph nodes as disease classifier between patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and healthy volunteers
Authors: Papoutsaki Marianthi‐Vasiliki , Sidhu Harbir Singh , Dikaios Nikolaos , Singh Saurabh , Atkinson David , Kanber Baris , Beale Timothy , Morley Simon , Forster Martin , Carnell Dawn , Mendes Ruheena , Punwani Shonit 
Published: July 2021

Diffusion MRI characteristics assessed by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have been reported as helpful in classifying tumours based on diffusion characteristics. There is little reported on HNSCC lymph nodes classification by diffusion characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment nodal microstructural diffusion MRI characteristics can classify diseased nodes of patients with HNSCC from normal nodes of healthy volunteers. Seventy‐nine patients with histologically confirmed HNSCC prior to chemoradiotherapy, and eight healthy volunteers, underwent diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI at a 1.5‐T MR scanner. Two radiologists contoured lymph nodes on DW (b = 300 s/m2) images. ADC, distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and alpha (α) values were calculated by monoexponential and stretched exponential models. Histogram analysis metrics of drawn volume were compared between patients and volunteers using a Mann–Whitney test. The classification performance of each metric between the normal and diseased nodes was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients determined interobserver reproducibility of each metric based on differently drawn ROIs by two radiologists. Sixty cancerous and 40 normal nodes were analysed. ADC histogram analysis revealed significant differences between patients and volunteers (p ≤0.0001 to 0.0046), presenting ADC distributions that were more skewed (1.49 for patients, 1.03 for volunteers; p = 0.0114) and ‘peaked’ (6.82 for patients, 4.20 for volunteers; p = 0.0021) in patients. Maximum ADC values exhibited the highest area under the curve ([AUC] 0.892). Significant differences were revealed between patients and volunteers for DDC and α value histogram metrics (p ≤0.0001 to 0.0044); the highest AUC were exhibited by maximum DDC (0.772) and the 25th percentile α value (0.761). Interobserver repeatability was excellent for mean ADC (ICC = 0.88) and the 25th percentile α value (ICC = 0.78), but poor for all other metrics. These results suggest that pretreatment microstructural diffusion MRI characteristics in lymph nodes, assessed by ADC and α value histogram analysis, can identify nodal disease.
Effects of aging on clinical outcomes in patients receiving genotype‐guided P2Y12 inhibitor selection after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wood Brian , Lee Craig R. , Mulrenin Ian R. , Gower Megan N. , Rossi Joseph S. , Weck Karen E. , Stouffer George A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effectiveness of genotype‐guided P2Y12 inhibitor selection following PCI in older patients (≥70 years) and younger patients (<70 years).Design and SettingSingle‐center, retrospective, cohort study. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as stent thrombosis, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, non‐fatal acute coronary syndrome, or cardiovascular death during 12 months after PCI, was compared across genotype and antiplatelet therapy groups by proportional hazards regression in patients ≥70 years and <70 years.Patients1,469 patients who underwent PCI and had CYP2C19 genotype testing at a single academic medical center.Measurements and Main ResultsThe study population was comprised of 402 (27.4%) ≥70 years (older group) and 1067 (72.6%) <70 years (younger group). Alternative P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel or ticagrelor) were used less often in the older group than the younger group in patients with a CYP2C19 no function allele (55% vs. 67%; p = 0.02) and in patients without a no function allele (10% vs. 35%, p < 0.001). For patients treated with clopidogrel, MACCE was significantly higher in no function allele carriers compared to those without a no function allele in the older group (19.2% vs. 12.7%; adjusted HR 2.32; 95% CI 1.07–5.05; p = 0.03) and the younger group (17.4% vs. 10.4%; adjusted HR 2.01; 95% CI 1.17–3.46; p = 0.01). In patients without a no function allele, MACCE risk was similar with clopidogrel compared to prasugrel or ticagrelor in the older group (adjusted HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.44–2.21; p = 0.98) and the younger group (adjusted HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.72–1.74; p = 0.61).ConclusionThis study suggests important clinical benefits of CYP2C19 genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy after PCI in both younger and older patients.
Providing rehabilitation to patients recovering fromCOVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Wasilewski Marina B. , Cimino Stephanie R. , Kokorelias Kristina M. , Simpson Robert , Hitzig Sander L. , Robinson Lawrence 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo synthesize the nature and extent of research on rehabilitation care provision to patients with COVID‐19. Specifically, we aimed to (1) describe the impact of COVID on patients and associated rehabilitation needs, (2) outline the adaptations and preparations required to enable the provision of COVID rehabilitation, (3) describe the types of rehabilitation services and treatments provided to COVID patients, and (4) identify barriers and facilitators to delivering COVID rehabilitation.Literature SurveyWe searched Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, and CINAHL on June 26, 2020 using key words such as “rehabilitation,” “physical medicine,” “allied health professionals,” and variations of “COVID.” The search was updated on October 13, 2020. We included articles published in English and that focused on some aspect of COVID rehabilitation for adults. We excluded articles focused on pediatric populations and those not focused (or minimally focused) on rehabilitation for COVID patients.MethodologyData were charted based on article type (ie, primary data, secondary data, guidelines). Key information extracted included (1) COVID sequelae; (2) rehabilitation adaptations; (3) structure, function, and content of rehabilitation services/programs; (4) facilitators and/or barriers to providing COVID rehabilitation; and (5) recommendations for COVID rehabilitation programming. Data were synthesized narratively.SynthesisIn total, 128 articles were included in the review that reported primary data (n = 33), secondary data (n = 82), and clinical practice/patient self‐management guidelines (n = 13). Evidence begins to suggest that rehabilitation is necessary and valuable for addressing COVID‐related declines in health, function, and well‐being. Most articles recommended that an individualized rehabilitation program be provided across the continuum of care by an interdisciplinary team of professionals and that the nature and extent of rehabilitation be informed by the care setting and COVID severity. Most issues that challenged COVID rehabilitation delivery were directly addressed by the facilitators and adaptations identified.ConclusionsFuture recommendations include a greater emphasis on the psychosocial aspects of COVID rehabilitation, inclusion of families in rehabilitation planning, and the use of qualitative approaches to complement clinical data.