bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced mechanical properties of recycled blends acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/high–impact polystyrene from waste electrical and electronic equipment using compatibilizers and virgin polymers
Authors: Hirayama Denise , Nunnenkamp Lothar Andreas , Braga Fernando Henrique Guedes , Saron Clodoaldo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWaste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are currently constituted by a considerable fraction of polymers, mainly acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS). Despite the increasing interest for ABS and HIPS recycling from WEEE, some factors, such as intrinsic mixture between polymeric components, are barriers to the advancement of the polymeric WEEE recycling. In present study, ABS and HIPS from WEEE were combined each other and with virgin ABS and HIPS in presence of the compatibilizers styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene/styrene–ethylene–butylene (SEBS/SEB), generating recycled ABS/HIPS blends in different compositions. The materials were evaluated by mechanical tests, morphological analysis, dynamic‐mechanical‐analysis, and melt flow rate. The presence of compatibilizers SBS and SEBS/SEB affects significantly the morphological structure of ABS/HIPS, changing the shape and size of the dispersed phases of styrene–acrylonitrile or polystyrene, which leads to modifications of the mechanical properties of the materials. The presence of virgin polymer in the blends also affects the material morphology. Thus, ABS and HIPS waste from WEEE can be recycled as ABS/HIPS blends and their mechanical properties controlled by use of compatibilizers SBS and SEBS/SEB and incorporation of virgin polymers, avoiding processes for segregation of the polymers during mechanical recycling.
William Montague Cobb: Near the African diasporic origins of activist and biocultural anthropology
Authors: Blakey Michael L. , Watkins Rachel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWilliam Montague Cobb, AB, MD, PhD, was the first African American PhD in anatomy and physical anthropology. He produced 1,100 publications while a professor at Howard University. His influence on the civil rights struggle from the 1930s to 1970s was profound as were his contributions to science and medical history. This article shows how he continued the activist and interdisciplinary traditions of African diasporic intellectuals and that these innovated what is today labeled biocultural anthropology, which focuses on the political, economic, and other societal influences on human biology and health. The human biology of the White “mainstream” has tended toward reductionism, biodeterminism, and eugenics. It drew a causal arrow from biology to society. Had they been able to listen to Black intellectuals, the world might have avoided the tragedy of mid‐20th century eugenics and its long continuing biodeterministic shadow.
An emerging role of transcription in chromosome segregation: Ongoing centromeric transcription maintains centromeric cohesion
Authors: Chen Yujue , Zhang Qian , Liu Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNon‐coding centromeres, which dictate kinetochore formation for proper chromosome segregation, are extremely divergent in DNA sequences across species but are under active transcription carried out by RNA polymerase (RNAP) II. The RNAP II‐mediated centromeric transcription has been shown to facilitate the deposition of the centromere protein A (CENP‐A) to centromeres, establishing a conserved and critical role of centromeric transcription in centromere maintenance. Our recent work revealed another role of centromeric transcription in chromosome segregation: maintaining centromeric cohesion during mitosis. Interestingly, this role appears to be fulfilled through ongoing centromeric transcription rather than centromeric transcripts. In addition, we found that centromeric transcription may not require some of the traditional transcription initiation factors, suggestive of “uniqueness” in its regulation. In this review, we discuss the novel role and regulation of centromeric transcription as well as the potential underlying mechanisms.
Analysis of terminal schedule probes and schedule thinning effects following functional communication training
Authors: Kranak Michael P. , Falligant John Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFunctional communication training (FCT) is a behavioral intervention that results in reduction of problem behavior and acquisition of adaptive communication responses. After FCT, schedule thinning is typically conducted to make community implementation of FCT more feasible. Specifically, the density of reinforcement for the alternative response is gradually decreased over time. It is plausible that one could avoid schedule thinning by proceeding to the terminal schedule thinning value without first systematically decreasing the density of reinforcement along the way. However, very little applied research exists in which the terminal schedule values are probed prior to schedule thinning. We conducted terminal schedule probes before schedule thinning and analyzed the relapse of problem behavior before and after schedule thinning. Rates of problem behavior in the terminal probes exceeded those in baseline in two out of three treatments prior to schedule thinning. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Efficient and safe small RNA delivery to macrophage using peptide‐based nanocomplex
Authors: Ryu Yeong Chae , Lee Yoo Eun , Hwang Byeong Hee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs one of the gene therapies, RNA interference (RNAi) effectively suppresses only specific genes, targeting various diseases in which they are involved. For the successful process of RNAi, efficient and safe delivery of small RNAs, including small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA, is essential. Herein, an S‐R11 fusion peptide, SPACE peptide conjugated with poly‐arginine, was introduced to deliver small RNAs into immune cells that are difficult to transfect. This S‐R11 peptide stably formed a spontaneous self‐assembling nanocomplex through electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding with small RNAs. The nanocomplex showed about 5.3‐fold better permeation efficiency than the conventional Lipofectamine™ 2000 for RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Moreover, it induced about 66.2% silencing effect of the target gene in the cells activated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)). In addition, the cell viability of fusion peptide was ensured even in a concentration range exceeding the concentration used in the nanocomplex. Based on these results, it is expected that the nanocomplex in this study can be used as a new gene delivery system that can overcome the challenge of gene therapies to immune cells.
Skeletal muscle‐adipose cocultured tissue fabricated using cell‐laden microfibers and a hydrogel sheet
Authors: Jo Byeongwook , Morimoto Yuya , Takeuchi Shoji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe emerging interest in skeletal muscle tissue originates from its unique properties that control body movements. In particular, recent research advances in engineered skeletal muscle tissue have broadened the possibilities of applications in nonclinical models. However, due to the lack of adipose tissue, current engineered skeletal muscle tissue has the limitation of satisfying in vivo‐like position and proportion of intermuscular fat. Adipose tissue within the skeletal muscle affects their functional properties. Here, a fabrication method for cocultured tissue composed of skeletal muscle and adipose tissues is proposed to reproduce the functional and morphological characteristics of muscle. By implementing prematured adipose microfibers in a myoblast‐laden hydrogel sheet, both the accumulation of large lipid droplets and control of the position of adipose tissue within the skeletal muscle tissue becomes feasible. The findings of this study provide helpful information regarding engineered skeletal muscle, which has strong potential in drug screening models.
Novel Furanyl‐Substituted Isochromanyl Class of Anti‐Inflammatory Turbinochromanone from Brown Seaweed Turbinaria conoides
Authors: Dhara Shubhajit , Chakraborty Kajal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic extract of the brown seaweed Turbinaria conoides (Sargassaceae) was chromatographically fractionated to yield an undescribed furanyl‐substituted isochromanyl metabolite, named as turbinochromanone, which was characterized as methyl 4‐[(3S)‐8‐{[(3R)‐4‐ethyl‐2,3‐dihydrofuran‐3‐yl]methyl}‐1‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐1H‐2‐benzopyran‐3‐yl]butanoate. The isochromanyl derivative possessed comparable attenuation potential against 5‐lipoxygenase (IC50 3.70 μM) with standard 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor drug zileuton (IC50 2.41 μM). Noticeably, the index of anti‐inflammatory selectivity of turbinochromanone (∼1.7) was considerably greater than that exhibited by the standard agent diclofenac (1.06). Antioxidant properties of turbinochromanone against oxidants (IC50∼24 μM) further supported its potential anti‐inflammatory property. Greater electronic properties (topological polar surface area of 61.8) along with comparatively lesser docking parameters of the studied compound with aminoacyl residues of targeted enzymes (cyclooxygenase‐2 and 5‐lipoxygenase) (binding energy of −11.05 and −9.40 kcal mol−1, respectively) recognized its prospective anti‐inflammatory potential. In an aim to develop seaweed‐based natural anti‐inflammatory leads, the present study isolated turbinochromanone as promising 5‐lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, which could be used for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications.
Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Heterogeneous Interfaces for Electrocatalysis: A Theoretical Study of CO2 Reduction to C2
Authors: Wan Mingyu , Gu Zhiyong , Che Fanglin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHybrid organic‐inorganic heterogeneous catalytic interfaces, where traditional catalytic materials are modified with self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), create promising features to control a wide range of catalytic processes through the design of dual organic‐inorganic active sites and the induced confinement effect. To provide a fundamental insight, we investigated CO2 electroreduction into valuable C2 chemicals (CO2RR‐to‐C2) over SAM‐modulated Cu. Our theoretical results show that 1/4 monolayer aminothiolates improve the stability, activity and selectivity of CO2RR‐to‐C2 by: (1) decreasing surface energy to suppress surface reconstruction; (2) facilitating CO2 activation and C−C coupling through dual organic‐inorganic (i. e., −NH, Cu) active sites; (3) promoting C−C coupling via confinement effects that enlarge the adsorption energy difference between CO* and COH*; (4) inducing local electric fields to Cu surface and changing its dipole moment and polarizability to be in favor of C−C coupling under electrode/electrolyte interfacial electric field.
Hybrid Process Modeling of an Industrial Process
Authors: Nentwich Corina , Gebus Philip , Brächer Alexander , Markovic Ana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current revival and intensified research on machine learning take place while an intensified focus of companies on digitalization developed. The willingness and acceptance to apply innovative methods in industry has grown. Gray box or hybrid process modeling represents the combination of rigorous (white box) process modeling with machine learning (black box) models. In recent applications, the presented method has been utilized for process models at Evonik. This article describes the workflow for developing hybrid process models and is meant to share the experiences made during the process.
The role of international knowledge acquisition and absorptive capacity as a predictor of international performance
Authors: Agustí Maria A. , Ramos‐Hidalgo Encarnación , Moreno‐Menéndez Ana M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe international business literature recognizes the central role of knowledge and learning as key determinants of the internationalization of firms. While the stages model underlined the influence of experiential learning, new research has shown that there are also other relevant types of knowledge acquisition, which can be structured following Huber's model (1991) as congenital, grafted, vicarious, and search knowledge acquisition. However, knowledge acquisition constitutes only a first step for learning. In this respect, absorptive capacity appears as a useful construct since it integrates knowledge acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation capacity. This paper analyzes the influence of the types of knowledge acquisition on international performance and considers absorptive capacity dimensions as moderator variables based on a sample of 200 Spanish SME exporters.
Inter‐ versus intra‐channel trust transfer on an online‐to‐offline (O2O) platform
Authors: Ma Zicheng , Wang Liang , Li Eric Ping Hung , Zhang Jianqi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe existing literature acknowledges the important role of trust between a firm and its customers but pays little attention to the dynamics of trust during the process of trust transfer. Our case study of the emergence of Doctor & You in China, a medical online‐to‐offline (O2O) platform, and identifies three phases of interaction between customers, merchants, and the platform and how the critical contributing factors impact the development of institutional, cognitive, and affective trust across the different phases. The results suggest a staged model for trust transfer through both inter‐ and intra‐channels, revealing the dynamic aspect of the trust transfer process on an O2O platform.
Deep Learning‐Assisted Visualized Fluorometric Sensor Array for Biogenic Amines Detection
Authors: Tan Xiaoqing , Ye Yingying , Liu Hong , Meng Jianxin , Yang Lin‐Lin , Li Fengyu 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryBiogenic amines (BAs) are important biomarkers for monitoring food quality and assisting in the diagnosis of disease. Facial, portable, accurate and high‐throughput BAs detection is still challenging by the specific sensor compounds development or the complicated instrument operation. Deep learning (DL) algorithms are blooming for their superiority on the nonlinear and multidimensional data analysis, which endow the great advantage for the artificial intelligence assisted large sample analysis of the environmental or daily health monitoring. In this work, we developed a deep learning‐assisted visualized fluorometric array‐based sensing method. Two commercial fluorescent dyes were selected and combined into sensor arrays. Variation in the alkalinity of BAs causes significant and distinct fluorescence changes of the dyes. In conjunction with pattern recognition by the pretrained CNN models, the sensor array clearly differentiates seven BAs with 99.29% prediction accuracy and allows rapid single and multi‐component quantification with a volume fraction range from 200 cm3/m3 to 2500 cm3/m3. This method also provides a new way for meat freshness monitoring. We envision that this novel analytical method for BAs can be used as an alternative and promising tool for the detection of a wider variety of analytes.
Craniospinal irradiation in the treatment of chemotherapy refractory leptomeningeal metastasis from breast cancer: A case report
Authors: Tesolin Daniel , Vergidis Dimitrios , Ramchandar Kevin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a relatively uncommon complication of solid tumors that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prognosis is typically weeks to months and the neurologic complications of this disease can significantly affect quality of life. The role of craniospinal irradiation is unclear as evidence exploring this treatment option is limited. Despite lack of evidence, its use has decreased due to its associated acute toxicities and newer intrathecal alternatives.CaseHere we report the case of a 50‐year‐old patient who received craniospinal irradiation for chemotherapy‐refractory leptomeningeal disease, with survival well beyond the median and good quality of life for the majority of that time.ConclusionThis patient's remarkable survival and performance after treatment suggests that craniospinal irradiation could be considered more frequently in the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases. To our knowledge, this is the first case with significant survival following craniospinal irradiation for chemotherapy refractory disease presented. Further study on the use of craniospinal irradiation to treat leptomeningeal metastasis is recommended.
Study on circuit modeling of stretchable serpentine interconnects
Authors: Wu Zhenyu , Peng Chaoqun , Liao Jiao , Chen Quanxiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 2π equivalent circuit model of serpentine interconnect fabricated by transfer printing technology is proposed considering the stretching deformation of the interconnect. The S parameters are measured, and the RLC parameters are extracted by quasi‐linearization method at various elongations. A V‐shaped model is built to illustrate the change of Lc increasing by 9.7% due to elongation. A branch of Rf and Lf in parallel is utilized to model the impact of high‐frequency effects, Rf decreases by 56.7%, and Lf remains ~0.65 nH. A branch of Rsub and Csub characterizing the electrical loss of substrate increases due to substrate thinning with elongation, Rsub increases by 87.1%, and Csub remains 100 fF. S parameters are measured and compared to verify the accuracy of the model and study the effect of elongation on the transmission characteristics; it is found that the amplitude at S11 minimum decreases from −7 to −10 dB during stretching, and the corresponding frequency points also decrease.
Lived experiences of subjective binge eating: An inductive thematic analysis
Authors: Brownstone Lisa M. , Mihas Paul , M. Butler Rachel , Maman Suzanne , Peterson Carol B. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Bardone‐Cone Anna M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveGrowing evidence suggests that subjective binge eating (SBE; loss of control eating involving subjectively, but not objectively, large quantities of food) is clinically concerning even though it is not currently considered a diagnostic criterion for eating disorders. However, the lived experience of SBEs has not been examined in a systematic, and data‐driven way.MethodThe current study used a qualitative, inductive interview approach to further define SBEs as described by individuals who experience them. Participants (N = 14; 11 cisgender women, Mage = 35.29, 12 White/non‐Latinx) reported SBEs that occurred at least twice per week over the prior 3 months. We completed semi‐structured qualitative phone interviews with participants regarding their most recent SBE and objective binge‐eating episode (OBE) if applicable, as well as broader experiences and attitudes regarding non‐binge eating.ResultsInductive, reflexive, thematic coding yielded descriptive and interpretive codes regarding SBEs. Main themes regarding SBE experience included: (a) SBEs Occur Across Contexts and Food Types, (b) SBEs Are Contrasts to General Over‐Control, (c) SBEs Are Distress‐ and Disconnection‐Inducing, Not Relieving, (d) SBEs Are Responses to Hunger and Restriction, and (e) SBEs Can Be “Echoes” of OBEs.DiscussionThe current study explored the lived experiences of those who report SBEs and provides an important foundation for hypothesis generation for future research on and clinical interventions for SBEs.
The traits of “trait ecologists”: An analysis of the use of trait and functional trait terminology
Authors: Dawson Samantha K. , Carmona Carlos Pérez , González‐Suárez Manuela , Jönsson Mari , Chichorro Filipe , Mallen‐Cooper Max , Melero Yolanda , Moor Helen , Simaika John P. , Duthie Alexander Bradley 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrait and functional trait approaches have revolutionized ecology improving our understanding of community assembly, species coexistence, and biodiversity loss. Focusing on traits promotes comparability across spatial and organizational scales, but terms must be used consistently. While several papers have offered definitions, it remains unclear how ecologists operationalize “trait” and “functional trait” terms. Here, we evaluate how researchers and the published literatures use these terms and explore differences among subdisciplines and study systems (taxa and biome). By conducting both a survey and a literature review, we test the hypothesis that ecologists’ working definition of “trait” is adapted or altered when confronting the realities of collecting, analyzing and presenting data. From 486 survey responses and 712 reviewed papers, we identified inconsistencies in the understanding and use of terminology among researchers, but also limited inclusion of definitions within the published literature. Discrepancies were not explained by subdiscipline, system of study, or respondent characteristics, suggesting there could be an inconsistent understanding even among those working in related topics. Consistencies among survey responses included the use of morphological, phonological, and physiological traits. Previous studies have called for unification of terminology; yet, our study shows that proposed definitions are not consistently used or accepted. Sources of disagreement include trait heritability, defining and interpreting function, and dealing with organisms in which individuals are not clearly recognizable. We discuss and offer guidelines for overcoming these disagreements. The diversity of life on Earth means traits can represent different features that can be measured and reported in different ways, and thus, narrow definitions that work for one system will fail in others. We recommend ecologists embrace the breadth of biodiversity using a simplified definition of “trait” more consistent with its common use. Trait‐based approaches will be most powerful if we accept that traits are at least as diverse as trait ecologists.
A randomized controlled clinical trial on efficacy and safety of anakinra in patients with severe COVID‐19
Authors: Kharazmi Amir Behnam , Moradi Omid , Haghighi Mehrdad , Kouchek Mehran , Manafi‐Rasi Alireza , Raoufi Masoomeh , Shoaei ‪Simin Dokht , Hadavand Fahimeh , Nabavi Mahmood , Miri Mir Mohammad , Salarian Sara , Shojaei Seyedpouzhia , Khalili Shayesteh , Sistanizad Mohammad , Sadeghi Setayesh , Karagah Amirhossein , Asgari Saemeh , Jaffaraghaei Morteza , Araghi Shahram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionHyperinflammatory state has a role in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. Anakinra could reduce inflammation and help to combat the condition. In this study, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of anakinra (PerkinRA®) in severe COVID‐19.MethodThe study was an open‐label, randomized, controlled trial conducted in Imam Hossein Medical Center from May to July 2020. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 were included in this study. We administered anakinra 100 mg daily intravenously. All patients received COVID‐19 pharmacotherapy based on the represented national guideline. The need for invasive mechanical ventilation is considered the primary outcome.ResultsThirty patients were included in this study, and 15 of them received Anakinra. Nineteen patients were male (63.3%), and 11 were female (36.7%). The mean age of patients was 55.77 ± 15.89 years. In the intervention group, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly reduced compared to the control group (20.0% vs. 66.7%, p = .010). Also, these patients had a significantly lower length of hospital stay (p = .043). No significant higher rate of infection was recorded.ConclusionAnakinra as an immunomodulatory agent has been associated with the reduced need for mechanical ventilation in patients admitted to intensive care units because of severe COVID‐19. The medication reduced the hospital length of stay. Furthermore, no increased risk of infection was observed. Further randomized placebo‐controlled trials with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings.