bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an electrode unit for a bioimpedance spectrometry device
Authors: Yampilov S S , Tsybenov Zh B , Kharaev Yu P , Zh Gylykova S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An electrode unit of a bioimpedance spectrometry device has been developed. This device measures the resistance of biological tissues for specified frequencies of electric current. The device is capable of evaluating the condition of organs and tissues of biological structures in case of breast cancer, as well as in case of various external influences. It differs from all existing devices of bioimpedance spectrometry by the fact that it has small dimensions, is able to change the frequencies of probing current and at the same time to fix impedance values. The electrode unit has a hemispherical shape and to obtain more accurate impedance data each electrode is equipped with a spring which is fixed on a dielectric hemisphere. The purpose of the research is to study breast cancer using the developed electrode unit of the bioimpedance spectrometry device. Patients with malignant neoplasms of the breast were examined with the use of the bioimpedance spectrometry device. The study of impedance data obtained from the patients with and without breast cancer showed that the impedance of the breast affected by cancer lies within 13...20 ohms, depending on the current frequency. That is, the electrical impedance of the affected patient’s breast decreases by up to 13.6 percent. The analysis showed that the developed bioimpedance spectrometry device allows to diagnose cancerous diseases.
The use of artificial intelligence and information technology for measurements in mechanical engineering and in process automation systems in Industry 4.0
Authors: Dudukalov E V , Munister V D , Zolkin A L , Losev A N , Knishov A V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article provides a critical review of the research topic under consideration in the context of the principles laid down in the concept of the fourth industrial revolution. Attention is paid to “value chains”. Value chain is a new form of justifying the processes of product development, production and structuring of measurement operations. The formalization of a hybrid control measuring system of a new generation, combining the principles of integration of information security, information technologies and the mathematical apparatus of graph theory and set theory is given. The importance of artificial intelligence methods in the control, commissioning and operational monitoring of dynamic measurements in automation systems and mechanical engineering in the framework of Industry 4.0 is substantiated.
Quality assurance of control at machine-building enterprises of repair profile
Authors: Bondareva Galina I , Leonov Oleg A , Shkaruba Nina Zh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The quality of repair of the units is significantly influenced by many factors, and this is not only the wear and tear of the parts coming for repair, the low qualification of the personnel, the old technological equipment, but also the poorly functioning system for organizing metrological support for production, from where there is a significant impact of the error of the measurement tools used on the conclusion of the validity of the parts. It is proposed to select control means not only according to the requirements of regulatory documentation, but also taking into account the impact of losses from measurement error. Dependence is given to estimate the economic effect of the replaced measuring instruments by more accurate ones. Using the example of crankshaft neck control under repair production conditions, it is shown that the use of universal measuring instruments with a lower error significantly reduces the level of losses from incorrect rejection and acceptance of critical parts. Features of incoming control of spare parts are disclosed and the feasibility of using only original parts of the manufacturer is justified.
Diagnostics of brain neural network states from the perspective of chaos
Authors: Kozlova V V , Galkin V A , Filatov M A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
All modern brain sciences are based on the stochastic study of the brain neural networks or individual neurons. At the same time, neuroscience is dominated by the dogma of statistical repetition of any samples of neural network parameters. However, back in 1948, W. Weaver took all living systems beyond stochastics. Currently, the Eskov-Zinchenko effect in biomechanics has been proven, which also extends to the bioelectric activity of the brain. As a result, there is a big problem of accurate evaluation of electroencephalograms, which are also used in the “man-machine” system. Proposes an analog of Heisenberg’s principle in the form of calculation of parameters of pseudoattractors.
Development of a module for an automated diagnostic system for antibodies G and M
Authors: Sereda T G , Kostarev S N , Kochetova O V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The infectious disease COVID-19 occurs as a result of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirusstrain. Most often, COVID-19 proceeds with signs of an acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) (fever, cough, body aches); loss of smell, nausea, and shortness of breath are possible. However, in a large percentage of those infected, the course of the disease is asymptomatic. After the virus entry into the body, the immune system begins to produce antibodies specific to this virus (Ig - immunoglobulins) - an important factor in the formation of the immune system’s defense against infection. Antibody testing is recommended as an additional method for diagnosing an acute infection or when it is impossible to study smears by amplification of nucleic acids, to identify individuals with an asymptomatic form of infection, to establish the fact of a previous infection, and also to select potential donors of immunocompetent plasma. Determination of antibodies of different classes in the blood is informative evidence of the current or past infectious process and helps to identify the stage of the infection development. More often, the level of antibodies of class M (IgM) and G (IgG) is determined in the blood. The development of the instrument base of express analyzers for monitoring the presence of antibodies to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is currently relevant in connection with the emerging and ongoing pandemic. It is possible to use the following systems as test analyzers for immune enzyme medium: ARCHITECT – IgG, Abbott and ELISA-IgM-BEST. For the hardware, an Omron industrial controller and CX-One programming system can be used. The truth table for the formation of signals on the diagnosis of the disease has been developed to obtain logical equations for the operation of the analyzer module. The synthesis of relay-contact circuits has been carried out. The simulation of the module’s operation showed satisfactory results. Timely and correct diagnostic measures make it possible to diagnose and assess the severity of the disease as early as possible.
Improvement of the method of relative measurements using a lever micrometer when setting up the end measures block
Authors: Temasova G N , Vergazova Yu G , Golinitsky P V , Yu Antonova U , Samordin A N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The foundations of the modern approach to quality management at enterprises also include elements of metrological support, which gives a certain effect from control. Universal measuring instruments for linear quantities are widely used in single and small-scale production, as well as in the repair of machines, it is with them that engineers first get acquainted when conducting laboratory measurements. Versatile measuring instruments also include a lever micrometer that can be used for absolute and relative measurements. The article discusses the issues of improving the method of relative measurements of deviations using a lever micrometer with deviations outside the measurement range of the reader, and provided that the tolerance does not go beyond the measurement. Using the technique of relative measurements with a lever micrometer will allow you to quickly perform a large number of measurements in a short time with the required accuracy.
Smart cities standardization: problems and prospects
Authors: Shchenikov Ya A , Mitiaeva A I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The issues of smart cities standardization from the point of view of metrological assurance are considered. The identified standardization problems associated with the complexity of measuring the smart city subjective indicators are described. The arising difficulties in managing a smart city in order to achieve a positive synergistic effect are shown. A forecast was made regarding the possible smart cities standardization directions: metrological assurance, a smart city as a cyber-physical system, individual indicators.
Development of software for calculating the results of medicinal substances bioequivalence
Authors: Shalaginova N V , Mikhlyakova E A , Gribkov D N , Mikhailina A V , Lebedeva E V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
International organizations have adopted and recognized drug standards, which should be guided by developers in the field of pharmacology. In practice, there is a problem: how to determine whether a reproduced drug sample really satisfies the world standard for its pharmacological action. It is required to implement an algorithm for checking and confirming the bioequivalence of drugs. The purpose of the study is to automate the verification of standards using an appropriate algorithm, i.e. to develop an application for calculating the results of medicinal substances bioequivalence. The methodology is based on the assumption that the identity in the sense of the created effect of the pharmacokinetic curves of the drug concentration in the blood versus time for the test drug and the standard means their therapeutic equivalence. Research methods include Python programming, use of libraries for data visualization; Visual Studio is an application development environment. The desired algorithm and requirements for the developed application are formulated in the results of the study, based on the study of theoretical issues of determining the medicinal substances bioequivalence. Finally, conclusions about the efficiency of the software are made and options for its improvement are proposed.
An oxide coating impedance measurement during micro-arc oxidation
Authors: Golubkov P E , Pecherskaya E A , Karpanin O V , Melnikov O A , Pecherskiy A V , Timokhina O A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The impedance instrument converter of oxide layers formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is developed. It allows continuous non-destructive testing of electric parameters of the synthesized coatings (resistance and capacitance) and electrolyte conductivity to assess the degree of degradation. The instrument converter consists of a generator, a measuring circuit, a repeater and has a digital output. The modified ammeter-voltmeter method is used as the impedance measurement technique. High accuracy of resistance, capacitance and conductivity measurements (the total relative error is no more than 0.5%) is achieved by performed functional and metrological analysis of the converter measurement channels, as well as metrological tests.
Metrological aspects of using probiotics
Authors: Slozhenkina M I , Gorlov I F , Nikolaev D V , Mosolova N I , Frolova M V , Knyazhechenko O A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article presents studies on the influence of lactulose-containing feed additives in the feeding diets of piglets from 60 to 180 days of age. Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of the Lenin MANPADS of the Surovikinsky district of the Volgograd region in 2020. To do this, we formed 3 groups of large white piglets with 30 heads each at the age of 2 months. The control group of animals received a general household ration (RR), the animals of the I experimental group received RR + Feed additive “Drug No. 1” in a dosage of 0.45 g/kg of live weight; II experimental group-OR + Feed additive “Drug No. 2” - at a dose of 0.4 g/kg of live weight. The highest results were obtained for animals of the First experimental group.
A micro-vibrator based cross-junction microfluidic system for formation and control of droplets
Authors: Tang Yongtao , Chen Yong , Wang Kang , Miao Yiran 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microfluidic droplet technique is a novel technology developed on the basis of microfluidics to study the formation, manipulation and application of microdroplets of a few micrometers size. It drastically enhances the advantages in terms of low consumption, automation and high throughput and is widely used in chemical, microelectronics, materials science, biology and biomedical engineering etc. Nevertheless, there are still a series of problems about the formation and control of droplet. To generate the given droplets and control their size, a micro-vibrator based cross-junction microfluidic system is designed and implemented, where the size of droplet can be dynamically adjusted via the flow rates of two phase fluids and the vibrant frequency of micro-vibrator. Moreover, a closed-loop control framework with certain special mothold, i.e., iterative learning control (ILC), is discussed to assist the formation of droplets. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of proposed scheme.
Effects of Changes in the Leading Coefficient of Fifth-Order Manabe’s Polynomial
Authors: Morita H , Hori N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
How a change in the coefficient of the highest-degree term of a characteristic polynomial affects the locations of its poles is an important issue in, for instance, determining the reference model with different orders in control system designs. The root-locus technique is used to study the range of the leading coefficient for which a dynamic property of an (n+1)-th order polynomial remain close to that of the n-th order polynomial. As an example, it is shown that the fifth-order Manabe polynomial leads to the step response that is close to the fourth-order Manabe polynomial for a wide range of leading coefficient values; about 70 to 80% of the stability critical value, beyond which the polynomial becomes unstable.
Research on Automatic Control System of Bulk Terminal Based on Application
Authors: Wang Xuelin , Shi Hankun , Zhou Hongmao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to the wide variety of cargo types, the shape of the cargo has caused great obstacles to the intelligent management of the bulk cargo terminal. Now most bulk cargo terminals operate in the traditional manual warehouse operation mode and data collection, but the traditional manual warehouse operation mode and data collection method have been difficult to meet the fast and accurate requirements of warehouse management. In this study, based on the key technical characteristics and existing problems of the bulk code automatic control system, combined with the requirements of the production site, the intelligent production prototype system of the bulk cargo terminal based on the mobile phone application is designed.Some unnecessary human involvement in the process can be reduced through the mobile phone application, so that the safety of production data is reliably guaranteed. The bulk cargo terminal application can manage inspection operations, maintenance operations, and on-site operations in real time, and can supervise the operations of field personnel in real time. The total capacity of equipment and cargo warehouses, as well as current inventory and cargo owner information can be intuitively applied through the application. This application can achieve intelligent management of the production operations of bulk terminals.
Coupling Dynamic Analysis of Fracturing Truck Frame during Operation
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Bin , Fan Chunming , Dai Qiping , Liu Dongfang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to study the effect of vibration of the engine and fracturing pump on the truck frame during the fracturing operation, lumped parameter method and state-space method were used to build multi-body dynamics coupling model between the balanced suspension, tires, engine, fracturing pump and the frame. Based on this model, the MATLAB/Simulink software was applied to simulate the characteristic of rotational speed, stiffness, and damping of the 2500 fracturing truck during the fracturing operation. The results show that the maximum intensity of vertical vibration is hundreds of times that of pitch motion. The vibration frequency range of 0∼10 Hz affects vibration most evidently; the variation of stiffness of the rear suspension and the damping of the front and central suspension has a great influence on amplitude, while the variation of damping of rear suspension and the stiffness of the front and central suspension have a great influence on frequency of peak.
Simulation of Aircraft Anti-skiding Braking System Considering Dynamic Contact Force between Road and Wheels
Authors: Li Bingchu , Wang Shuangyuan , Qin Chengjin , Gong Liang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aircraft anti-skidding braking system (ABS) was a nonlinear mechatronics system influenced by various factors. The road-wheel friction was one of the key factors affect system dynamics, which depends both on vertical contact force and skidding ratio. However, the vertical contact force was generally considered as constant in existing simulation and analysis methods. This paper investigated a simulation method considering dynamic vertical contact force and its influence on system dynamics. It was found that the landing gear shock absorber of aircraft leaded to dynamic vertical wheel-road contact force, and had significant influence on braking distance. The influence of dynamic vertical contact force was analyzed under three conditions. The proposed method considering dynamic contact force could significantly enhance the accuracy of aircraft anti-skidding braking system s imulation.
Motion Planning for a Bounding Quadruped Robot Using iLQG Based MPC
Authors: Huang Yezhong , Wei Qing , Ma Hongxu , An Honglei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
When tackling motion control problem of the quadruped bionic robot with traditional control method, it is more and more difficult to improve the control effect due to the uncertainty caused by the factors such as model mismatch, distortion, and interference. Therefore, the demand for utilizing advanced control method to realize the motion control for legged bionic robot is growing. Among various advanced control methods, the model prediction control (MPC) has low requirements on model accuracy, and the system has good robustness and stability, which provides a good prospect for solving the balance problem of dynamic robots. In this paper model predictive control is used to realize the bounding gait motion control for a quadruped bionic robot. The MPC planner automatically generates the foot end position and contact force trajectory of the robot, so that the robot can track the desired motion state. However, as the model of the quadruped bionic robot is nonlinear, the generated MPC algorithm may be difficult to meet the real-time requirements. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the iLQG optimization algorithm in the design of a model prediction controller and adds heuristic-based reference input. The comparison between the simulation and the classical SQP algorithm shows that the MPC based on the iLQG optimization algorithm has good convergence and tracking effect for the quadruped robot running, and has fast real-time performance.
Nutritional and environmental benefits of increasing insect consumption in Africa and Asia
Authors: Smith Matthew R , Stull Valerie J , Patz Jonathan A , Myers Samuel S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Most global dietary forecasts predict a reduction in nutritional deficiencies over the next several decades driven by significant increases in environmentally unsustainable livestock and animal source food consumption. Here, we explore a more environmentally sensitive alternative to improve global nutrition, consuming insects. Our study focuses on Africa and Asia, two continents with a history of eating insects and high rates of nutritional deficiency. We model the impact of adding modest amounts (2.5, 5 and 10 g per day, dry weight) of regionally appropriate and farmable species on total nutrient intake and population-wide risk of deficiency for specific nutrients of concern: protein, zinc, folate, and vitamin B12. We also estimate the total potential change in dietary iron. Five grams per day of insect consumption could alleviate a considerable amount of risk of nutritional deficiency: 67 million (95% uncertainty interval: 49–84 million) fewer people at risk of protein deficiency, 166 million (120–220 million) fewer people at risk of zinc deficiency, 237 million (120–439 million) fewer people at risk of folate deficiency, and 251 million (28–2271) fewer people at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. For iron, per capita supplies could increase by 3% (0.8%–6.0%) with insects, and even more so for vulnerable groups in countries currently suffering severe rates of anemia: 4.2% (0.5%–8.8%) for women of childbearing age and 4.1% (0.4%–10.0%) for children under 5. Doubling or halving insect intake per capita causes the benefits for nutritional deficiency risk to roughly double or halve accordingly. Effects are most pronounced in South and Central Asia, though sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia also see considerable reduction in nutritional risk. These results demonstrate the potential for insects to fill a crucial role in providing nutrition for these populous and rapidly developing regions while safeguarding the global environment.
Summer heat sources changes over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 models
Authors: Xie Zhiling , Wang Bin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The elevated summer heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) profoundly influence Asian monsoon and atmospheric general circulation. Model simulations and future changes of condensational latent heat released from precipitation and surface sensible heat (SH) over the eastern TP are investigated with 22 CMIP6 models’ outputs. The models reproduce the mean precipitation pattern well, but the mean intensity is 65% excessive. The SH has scarcely been evaluated. We find that nearly half of the models cannot realistically capture the SH’s spatial structure. The best six models in simulating the SH are the same models that best simulate surface air temperature. The models with high performance are selected to make a multi-model ensemble mean projection. Under the medium emission scenario (SSP2-4.5), the TP’s future summer precipitation will likely increase, despite its weakening thermal forcing effect. The increasing precipitation is primarily due to the future enhancement in vertical moisture transport and surface evaporation. However, the greenhouse gases-induced top-heavy heating stabilizes the atmosphere and diminishes the TP’s thermal forcing effect, weakening the circulation and upward motion. As such, the precipitation sensitivity is only a 2.7% increase per degree Celsius global warming. The projected SH will be likely unchanged in accord with the likely unaltered surface wind speed. These results have important implications for the future change of the water supplies in the heavily populated South and East Asian countries. They could help the modeling groups further improve the climate model performance in the highland regions.