bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wichter Thomas , Milberg Peter , Wichter Henry D. , Dechering Dirk G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a rare heart muscle disease with a genetic background and autosomal dominant mode of transmission. The clinical manifestation is characterized by ventricular arrhythmias (VA), heart failure (HF) and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Pregnancy in young female patients with AC represents a challenging condition for the life and family planning of young affected women. In addition to genetic mechanisms that influence the complex pathophysiology of AC, experimental and clinical data have confirmed the pathogenetic role of strenuous exercise and competitive sports in the early onset and rapid progression of AC symptoms and complications. Pregnancy and exercise share a number of physiological aspects of adaptation. In AC, both result in ventricular volume overload and myocardial stretch. Therefore, pregnancy has been postulated as a potential risk factor for HF, VA, SCD, and pregnancy-related obstetric complications in patients with AC. However, the available evidence on pregnancy in AC does not confirm this hypothesis. In most women with AC, pregnancies are well tolerated, uneventful, and follow a benign course. Pregnancy-related symptoms (VA, syncope, HF) and mortality, as well as obstetric complications, are uncommon in AC patients and range in the order of background populations and cohorts with AC and no pregnancy. The number of completed pregnancies is not associated with an acceleration of AC pathology or an increased risk of VA or HF during pregnancy and follow-up. Accordingly, there is no medical indication to advise against pregnancy in patients with AC. Preconditions include stability of rhythm and hemodynamics at baseline, as well as clinical follow-ups and the availability of multidisciplinary expert consultation during pregnancy and postpartum. Genetic counseling is recommended prior to pregnancy for all couples and their families affected by AC.
Analytical Solutions to Predict Impact Behaviour of Stringer Stiffened Composite Aircraft Panels
Authors: Correas A. Chao , Crespo A. Casares , Ghasemnejad H. , Roshan G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to develop an analytical method to predict the low-velocity impact response of simply supported stringer stiffened panels. Since the combination of stringer and panel provides aircraft structure with variable thicknesses, significant mathematical modelling is required to predict the transverse impact response of this type of designs. Within this analysis, the effect of variable stiffness distribution due to the stringer presence has been included. The performance of various layups is investigated to find the most suitable combination for panel-stringer laminate under impact loading. Analytical models were developed based on a spring-mass system to predict the dynamic behaviour of the striker-plate domain and, finally, determine the contact force history, which shows the main novelty of this research. Compared with Finite Element results, the model developed proved to successfully predict stringer stiffened composite panels' response with a range of layups and geometry designs under low-velocity impact loading conditions. The analytical results agree with the available data in the literature, and the error is less than 5%.
Systemic inflammation markers and cancer incidence in the UK Biobank
Authors: Nøst Therese Haugdahl , Alcala Karine , Urbarova Ilona , Byrne Karl Smith , Guida Florence , Sandanger Torkjel Manning , Johansson Mattias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSystemic inflammation markers have been linked to increased cancer risk and mortality in a number of studies. However, few studies have estimated pre-diagnostic associations of systemic inflammation markers and cancer risk. Such markers could serve as biomarkers of cancer risk and aid in earlier identification of the disease. This study estimated associations between pre-diagnostic systemic inflammation markers and cancer risk in the prospective UK Biobank cohort of approximately 440,000 participants recruited between 2006 and 2010. We assessed associations between four immune-related markers based on blood cell counts: systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and risk for 17 cancer sites by estimating hazard ratios (HR) using flexible parametric survival models. We observed positive associations with risk for seven out of 17 cancers with SII, NLR, PLR, and negative associations with LMR. The strongest associations were observed for SII for colorectal and lung cancer risk, with associations increasing in magnitude for cases diagnosed within one year of recruitment. For instance, the HR for colorectal cancer per standard deviation increment in SII was estimated at 1.09 (95% CI 1.02–1.16) in blood drawn five years prior to diagnosis and 1.50 (95% CI 1.24–1.80) in blood drawn one month prior to diagnosis. We observed associations between systemic inflammation markers and risk for several cancers. The increase in risk the last year prior to diagnosis may reflect a systemic immune response to an already present, yet clinically undetected cancer. Blood cell ratios could serve as biomarkers of cancer incidence risk with potential for early identification of disease in the last year prior to clinical diagnosis.
Secondary attack rates of COVID-19 in Norwegian families: a nation-wide register-based study
Authors: Telle Kjetil , Jørgensen Silje B. , Hart Rannveig , Greve-Isdahl Margrethe , Kacelnik Oliver 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo characterize the family index case for detected SARS-CoV-2 and describe testing and secondary attack rates in the family, we used individual-level administrative data of all families and all PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Norway in 2020. All families with at least one parent and one child below the age of 20 who lived at the same address (N = 662,582), where at least one member, i.e. the index case, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, were included. Secondary attack rates (SAR7) were defined as the share of non-index family members with a positive PCR test within 7 days after the date when the index case tested positive. SARs were calculated separately for parent- and child-index cases, and for parent- and child-secondary cases. We identified 7548 families with an index case, comprising 26,991 individuals (12,184 parents, 14,808 children). The index was a parent in 66% of the cases. Among index children, 42% were in the age group 17–20 and only 8% in the age group 0–6. When the index was a parent, SAR7 was 24% (95% CI 24–25), whilst SAR7 was 14% (95% CI 13–15) when the index was a child. However, SAR7 was 24% (95% CI 20–28) when the index was a child aged 0–6 years and declined with increasing age of the index child. SAR7 from index parent to other parent was 35% (95% CI 33–36), and from index child to other children 12% (95% CI 11–13). SAR7 from index child aged 0–6 to parents was 27% (95% CI 22–33). The percent of non-index family members tested within 7 days after the index case, increased from about 20% in April to 80% in December, however, SAR7 stabilized at about 20% from May. We conclude that parents and older children are most often index cases for SARS-CoV-2 in families in Norway, while parents and young children more often transmit the virus within the family. This study suggests that whilst the absolute infection numbers are low for young children because of their low introduction rate, when infected, young children and parents transmit the virus to the same extent within the family.
The Givenness of Other People: On Singularity and Empathy in Husserl
Authors: Rosen Matt 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOther people figure in our experience of the world; they strike us as unique and genuinely other. This paper explores whether a Husserlian account of empathy as the way in which we constitute an intersubjective world can account for the uniqueness and otherness of other people in our experience. I contend that it can’t. I begin by explicating Husserl’s theory of empathy, paying particular attention to the reduction to a purely egoic sphere and the steps that ostensibly permit a subject to re-inhabit a world of others from out of this sphere. In querying Husserl’s theory, I consider a series of problems, raised by Zhida Luo, concerning the apparent centrality of bodily similarity in empathy. I sketch Luo’s solution, which involves a shift to tactile similarity. While it makes for a better theory of empathy, this solution isn’t sufficient to make room for the givenness of another person not originally predicated on similarity. To clarify what’s at issue here, I turn to the Husserlian pictures of empathy presented by Heinz Kohut and Edith Stein. I conclude with a remark about what might be required, given the inability of Husserlian empathy to make room for the experience of others as singular and other, for a picture of our phenomenal life to have a shape that accounts for the coexistence of empathy to others who are like oneself and hospitality to others as genuine others.
Condensation of SIP Particles and Sticky Brownian Motion
Authors: Ayala Mario , Carinci Gioia , Redig Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the symmetric inclusion process (SIP) in the condensation regime. We obtain an explicit scaling for the variance of the density field in this regime, when initially started from a homogeneous product measure. This provides relevant new information on the coarsening dynamics of condensing interacting particle systems on the infinite lattice. We obtain our result by proving convergence to sticky Brownian motion for the difference of positions of two SIP particles in the sense of Mosco convergence of Dirichlet forms. Our approach implies the convergence of the probabilities of two SIP particles to be together at time t. This, combined with self-duality, allows us to obtain the explicit scaling for the variance of the fluctuation field.
On the nonlocal bending problem with fractional hereditariness
Authors: Barretta Raffaele , Marotti de Sciarra Francesco , Pinnola Francesco P. , Vaccaro Marzia S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNonlocal hereditariness in Bernoulli–Euler beam is investigated in this paper. An approach to solve that problem is proposed and some analytical solutions are provided. To this aim, time-dependent hereditary behavior is modeled by means of non-integer order operators of the fractional linear viscoelasticity. While, space-dependent nonlocal phenomena are simulated through the integral stress-driven formulation. These two approaches are combined providing a new model able to simulate nonlocal viscoelastic bending problem. Several application samples of the proposed formulation and a thorough parametric study are presented showing the influences of hereditariness and nonlocal effects on the mechanical bending response. Proposed formulation can be useful for design and optimization of structures used in advanced applications when local elastic theory cannot be adopted.
Assessment of anthropogenic pollution by monitoring occurrence and distribution of chemicals in the river Liffey in Dublin
Authors: Peñalver Rosa , Jacobs Matthew R. , Hegarty Susan , Regan Fiona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates for the first time the spatial distribution of a wide group of organic (phthalates, nitro, aliphatic, halogen, aromatic, phenol and amino compounds) and inorganic pollutants along the Liffey river in Dublin city. The work takes into account the effect of short-term weather conditions on the occurrence of these contaminants. The results showed that rainfall conditions affect the levels of pollutants along the river in the days following a rainfall event. In addition, the tributaries entering the river Liffey were not found to impact its water quality. In relation to organic pollutants, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol and phthalate compounds were found in many water samples between concentrations of 0.21 and 2.17 μg L−1. On the other hand, dimethyl phthalate was present in certain samples at levels around 100 μg L−1. The levels of these contaminants in the river were lower than the toxicity values reported in the literature. Regarding inorganic pollutants, nitrates were detected from 0.59 to 6.81 mg L−1increasing from upstream to downstream. Based on the chemical nature and applications of detected pollutants, the river contamination can be mainly related to agricultural, industrial activities as well as diffuse urban contributions. These vary with location within a short distance and have the potential to impact aquatic biodiversity as the chemical composition changes with rainfall events.
Process Selection for the Fabrication of Cavitation Erosion-Resistant Bronze Coatings by Thermal and Kinetic Spraying in Maritime Applications
Authors: Hauer Michél , Gärtner Frank , Krebs Sebastian , Klassen Thomas , Watanabe Makoto , Kuroda Seiji , Krömmer Werner , Henkel Knuth-Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study compares prerequisites for cavitation-resistant bronzes production by different coating techniques, namely cold spraying, HVOF spraying, warm spraying and arc spraying. If optimized to maximum cavitation resistance, the deposited coatings can increase the service life of ship rudders significantly. Furthermore, these methods could enable repair processes for ship propellers. This study is meant to help selecting the right coating technology to achieve best cavitation protection for a given set of requirements. Using high-pressure warm spraying and cold spraying, properties similar to those of cast nickel aluminum bronze are achieved. Also, coatings produced by using HVOF and arc spraying have erosion rates that are only about four, respectively, three times higher as compared to cast nickel aluminum bronze, while by far outperforming bulk shipbuilding steel. Their properties should be sufficient for longer service life, i.e., less docking events for ship rudder repair. Hence, with respect to costs, HVOF and arc spraying could represent a good compromise to reach the specified coating properties needed in application, potentially even for propeller repair.
Ethylenediurea (EDU) effects on hybrid larch saplings exposed to ambient or elevated ozone over three growing seasons
Authors: Agathokleous Evgenios , Kitao Mitsutoshi , Koike Takayoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGround-level ozone (O3) pollution is a persistent environmental issue that can lead to adverse effects on trees and wood production, thus indicating a need for forestry interventions to mediate O3 effects. We treated hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) saplings grown in nutrient-poor soils with 0 or 400 mg L−1 water solutions of the antiozonant ethylenediurea (EDU0, EDU400) and exposed them to ambient O3 (AOZ; 08:00 − 18:00 ≈ 30 nmol mol−1) or elevated O3 (EOZ; 08:00 − 18:00 ≈ 60 nmol mol−1) over three growing seasons. We found that EDU400 protected saplings against most effects of EOZ, which included extensive visible foliar injury, premature senescence, decreased photosynthetic pigment contents and altered balance between pigments, suppressed gas exchange and biomass production, and impaired leaf litter decay. While EOZ had limited effects on plant growth (suppressed stem diameter), it decreased the total number of buds per plant, an effect that was not observed in the first growing season. These results indicate that responses to EOZ might have implications to plant competitiveness, in the long term, as a result of decreased potential for vegetative growth. However, when buds were standardized per unit of branches biomass, EOZ significantly increased the number of buds per unit of biomass, suggesting a potentially increased investment to bud development, in an effort to enhance growth potential and competitiveness in the next growing season. EDU400 minimized most of these effects of EOZ, significantly enhancing plant health under O3-induced stress. The effect of EDU was attributed mainly to a biochemical mode of action. Therefore, hybrid larch, which is superior to its parents, can be significantly improved by EDU under long-term elevated O3 exposure, providing a perspective for enhancing afforestation practices.
Decision Regret after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy—5 Years’ Perspective
Authors: Bartosiak Katarzyna , Janik Michał R. , Kowalewski Piotr , Walędziak Maciej , Kwiatkowski Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Patient's satisfaction after weight loss surgery is in the research spotlight. However, there are still no quantitative data regarding whether patients regret their decision to undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Objectives
The present study aimed to evaluate whether patients regret their decision to undergo SG 5 years after surgery. The secondary objective was to identify whether weight loss and a higher quality of life (QoL) score correlate with the regret expressed by patients.

Setting
Military Hospital, Poland

Methods
A telephone survey was carried out among patients 5 years after surgery. Patient satisfaction regarding their decision to undergo SG was assessed using the Decision Regret Scale. QoL scores were determined using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36).

Results
One hundred and four patients who answered a full telephone survey were enrolled in the study. Change in body mass index (ΔBMI) was 12.31±6.2, excess body mass index loss (%EBMIL) was 55.45%±25.52%, and percent total weight loss (%TWL) was 25.20%±11.7%. At the 5-year postoperative telephone survey, the mean general health score was 50.96±14.0 and the mean regret score was 32.33±13.24 (range, 25–85). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between %EBMIL and regret score (r=−0.435; p<0.001). There was a significant negative association between regret score and energy/fatigue QoL (r=−0.205; p=0.040). Only eight patients (7.69%) scored >50 on the Decision Regret Scale, which was considered to represent overall regret for their decision.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that, in general, patients did not regret their decision to undergo SG.

Key Points
The majority of patients did not regret their decision to undergo SG.
There was a statistically significant negative correlation between weight loss and patients’ feelings of regret.
Energy/fatigue QoL was the strongest correlate of whether patients regretted their decision to undergo SG.

Graphical Abstract
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Modelling of Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Authors: Hommersom Marina P. , Buijsen Ronald A. M. , van Roon-Mom Willeke M. C. , van de Warrenburg Bart P. C. , van Bokhoven Hans 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) constitute a large group of phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that mainly present with dysfunction of the cerebellum as their main hallmark. Although animal and cell models have been highly instrumental for our current insight into the underlying disease mechanisms of these neurodegenerative disorders, they do not offer the full human genetic and physiological context. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and protocols to differentiate these into essentially every cell type allows us to closely model SCAs in a human context. In this review, we systematically summarize recent findings from studies using hiPSC-based modelling of SCAs, and discuss what knowledge has been gained from these studies. We conclude that hiPSC-based models are a powerful tool for modelling SCAs as they contributed to new mechanistic insights and have the potential to serve the development of genetic therapies. However, the use of standardized methods and multiple clones of isogenic lines are essential to increase validity and reproducibility of the insights gained.

Graphical Abstract
An Ecosystem Model of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Publisher ‘Tiers’: Publisher Size, Sustainability and Cultural Policy
Authors: Squires Claire , Markou Helena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article establishes a quantitative and qualitative model of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) publisher ‘Tiers’, in order to enable researchers and cultural policy makers to have a more granular understanding of the impact of publisher size. Through an aggregated set of case studies deriving from the UK, the article also develops an understanding of how to build a cultural support model for publishing based on publisher size, sustainability and company life cycle. What the Tiers model underpins in terms of cultural policy funding for publishers is a rigorous and developmental sense of a publishing ecosystem, offering a framework which is attendant to industry and broader contexts, and enables cultural policy funding to take into account publisher development, challenge and growth.
Ideal Words
Authors: Herbelot Aurélie , Copestake Ann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this theoretical paper, we consider the notion of semantic competence and its relation to general language understanding—one of the most sough-after goals of Artificial Intelligence. We come back to three main accounts of competence involving (a) lexical knowledge; (b) truth-theoretic reference; and (c) causal chains in language use. We argue that all three are needed to reach a notion of meaning in artificial agents and suggest that they can be combined in a single formalisation, where competence develops from exposure to observable performance data. We introduce a theoretical framework which translates set theory into vector-space semantics by applying distributional techniques to a corpus of utterances associated with truth values. The resulting meaning space naturally satisfies the requirements of a causal theory of competence, but it can also be regarded as some ‘ideal’ model of the world, allowing for extensions and standard lexical relations to be retrieved.
Can ‘eugenics’ be defended?
Authors: Veit Walter , Anomaly Jonathan , Agar Nicholas , Singer Peter , Fleischman Diana S. , Minerva Francesca 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, bioethical discourse around the topic of ‘genetic enhancement’ has become increasingly politicized. We fear there is too much focus on the semantic question of whether we should call particular practices and emerging bio-technologies such as CRISPR ‘eugenics’, rather than the more important question of how we should view them from the perspective of ethics and policy. Here, we address the question of whether ‘eugenics’ can be defended and how proponents and critics of enhancement should engage with each other.
Thyroid and heart, a clinically relevant relationship
Authors: Corona G. , Croce L. , Sparano C. , Petrone L. , Sforza A. , Maggi M. , Chiovato L. , Rotondi M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Thyroid disorders, both overt and subclinical, are highly prevalent conditions in the general population. Although a clear relationship between overt thyroid dysfunctions and cardiovascular complications has long been established, data regarding subclinical thyroid dysfunction are by far more controversial.

Purpose
The present review will be aimed at providing a summary of most recent evidence coming from meta-analyses regarding the complex relationship between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
The review will summarize, in the first part, the physiopathological link between thyroid hormone imbalances and the cardiovascular system. In the second part the review will outline the evidence coming from meta-analyses regarding the cardiovascular risk related with both overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunctions. Particular attention will be put towards studies showing data stratified for patient’s age, TSH levels and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Finally, an overview regarding the effects of specific therapy for subclinical thyroid diseases in terms of amelioration of cardiovascular outcomes will be included.