bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological technique to detect the physiological age of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles pharoensis (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Yamany Abeer S. , Abdel‐Ghaffar Fathy , Al Quraishy Saleh , Al‐Amri Ohoud , Mehlhorn Heinz , Abdel‐Gaber Rewaida 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe risk of malaria recurrence increases due to the main vector, Anopheles pharoensis. The physiological age of the mosquito population is needed to expect malaria vector dynamics. The number of completed gonotrophic cycles is of great importance in determining the physiological age of females. A technique has been described that focuses on the number of dilatations remaining in the ovarioles after each oviposition to determine how many blood meals have been taken. At each gonotrophic cycle, the chances of infection of the vectors are repeated. The histological changes that occur immediately in the ovarioles and ovulation itself were studied. Under the influence of the contractions of the ovarian muscles, the eggs begin to move over the distal end of the ovariole into the inner oviduct. The terminal pedicle is markedly dilated near the diameter of the eggs. After the expulsion of the mature eggs, ovariole dilations were found at the point of their development in the terminal pedicle due to the accumulation of nurse cell remnants and follicular epithelium. The results were used to develop epidemiological localization and to evaluate the effectiveness of antimalaria interventions. The ovarian inspection often provides a technique to distinguish nulliparous from parous female anophelines. In addition, this study can provide basic entomological knowledge on the physiological age of mosquitoes by considering the histological changes in the ovaries, which allow the evaluation of vector management strategies in the field.
Realization of digraphs in Abelian groups and its consequences
Authors: Cichacz Sylwia , Tuza Zsolt 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet be a directed graph of order with no component of order less than 3, and let be a finite Abelian group such that or if is large enough with respect to an arbitrarily fixed then . We show that there exists an injective mapping from to the group such that for every connected component of , where 0 is the identity element of . Moreover we show some applications of this result to group distance magic labelings.
The variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the challenges of vaccines
Authors: Han Xiucui , Ye Qing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), countries all over the world have suffered severe losses. It affects not only human life and health but also the economy. In response to COVID‐19, countries have made tremendous efforts to vaccine development. The newly discovered variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have brought major challenges to the effectiveness and research of vaccines. This article reviews the existing literature and summarizes the main variants of the SARS‐CoV‐2 and its impact on vaccines, and provides new ideas for the later development of vaccines. An excellent job in developing and applying vaccines will be an important measure for epidemic prevention and control.
A non‐invasive method for diagnosing plantar warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)
Authors: García‐Oreja Sara , Álvaro‐Afonso Francisco Javier , Sevillano‐Fernández David , Tardáguila‐García Aroa , López‐Moral Mateo , Lázaro‐Martínez José Luís 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe methods that are used for the diagnostic confirmation of human papillomavirus (HPV) include excisional biopsy and histopathological studies or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They are invasive, laborious, and subject to ethical restrictions due to the benign nature of these warts. This study aims to analyse the accuracy of noninvasive swab samples to diagnose plantar warts. Fifty plantar warts were included in the study. Skin swabs and hyperkeratosis skin scales were collected from each wart. Multiplex PCR was performed to detect and type the HPVs. The prevalence of HPV in this study was 90% when the sample was obtained using the wart scraping method and 94% when it was obtained using swabs and the new method. In 45 of the 45 positive samples (sensitivity: 100%), the result between the wart scab and wart swab were almost identical. The genotyping result was identical in all 46 patients who had a positive result using both methods. The swab method appears to be a simple and accurate technique to diagnose plantar warts due to HPV. It is a noninvasive technique that could be performed even by inexperienced professionals and in patients with pain or a fear of needles.
Factors supporting the adoption of soil conservation practices: Evidence from Ecuadorian smallholder farmers
Authors: Singaña Tapia David , Satama Bermeo Maritza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe modernization of agricultural practices has been widespread in South America since the 1970s. The main practices implemented included the use of fertilizers and phytosanitary control based on synthetic elements, and agricultural mechanization for plowing. These activities affect soil quality and make soils more dependent on fertilizer imports throughout the continent. At the same time, the intensification of agricultural activity also increased CO2 emissions in South America from less than 150 thousand gigagrams in 1977 to more than 280 thousand gigagrams in 2017, which translates into a greater burden of agriculture on the environment. Ecuador is one of the South American countries that share several social, climatic, and topographic characteristics common in the region; therefore, it is interesting to study the factors that help mitigate soil erosion processes resulting from agricultural activity. For this purpose, this study performs the estimation of a Tobit model with the information of the agricultural units with seasonal crops present in the Continuous Agricultural Surface and Production Survey of 2018. For the model approach, the number of soil conservation practices (SCP) in each farm is considered as the dependent variable. The estimation results show that there is a positive relationship between farms that are managed by women and the number of SCP implemented: the same result was obtained with respect to agricultural investment by local governments. However, it was found that farms with government technical assistance implemented fewer SCPs, which opens the debate on the importance of soil conservation in public policy.
Sublabial bioactive glass implantation for the management of primary atrophic rhinitis and empty nose syndrome: Operative technique
Authors: Hassan Charles‐Henri , Malheiro Emeline , Béquignon Emilie , Coste André , Bartier Sophie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesAtrophic rhinitis (AR) and empty nose syndrome (ENS) are chronic diseases characterized by a paradoxical nasal obstruction. These rare syndromes tend to occur after nasal surgery of the inferior turbinates in ENS and can be idiopathic in AR. Medical treatments alone are often insufficient. Surgical options are challenging and numerous resorbable and nonresorbable implants have been described in small series, with as many surgical techniques described. Whereas current surgical procedures are for risk of extrusions, graft rejections or poor lasting results, the use of GlassBONE™ (Sodimed®, Avignon, France), a bioactive glass, for a vestibular approach in AR and ENS has never been reported for this indication.MethodsWe described an original technique of nasal submucoperiosteal bilateral ceramic glass implantation in two patients with AR and ENS.ResultsThe two cases presented a postoperative satisfying endoscopic and sinus CT‐scan results with filling of the nasal cavities, with less crusts and a complete wound healing. They had no short‐term complications.ConclusionThis innovative approach is easily feasible and could be an option considered for the surgical management of AR and ENS.Level of evidence: 4.
Amphiphilic Thermoresponsive Poly(Hydroxyaminoethers) as Effective Emulsifiers for Preparation of Waterborne Epoxy Resins
Authors: Huang Ying‐Chi , Wang Li‐Ting , Hsu Shu‐Wei , Lin Tai‐Fu , Liao Ying‐Chih , Chiu Wen‐Ying , Lin Hsin‐Wei , Wu Chien‐Hsin , Jeng Ru‐Jong , Tung Shih‐Huang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmphiphilic poly(hydroxyaminoethers) (PHAEs) with thermoresponsive solubility in aqueous solutions are developed in this study. Through the control of stoichiometric ratios of functional groups and the reaction temperature, a series of PHAEs with different hydrophilic segments is synthesized, as evidenced by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. These PHAEs could be dissolved in aqueous solutions and exhibit the thermal phase transitions with lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) due to the hydrogen bonding between the hydrophilic segments and water, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) values suggest that the PHAEs are more hydrophilic amphiphiles and suitable for use as oil‐in‐water emulsifiers. Consequently, commercially available epoxy resins can be successfully stabilized by the PHAEs in water to form stable emulsions. These crosslinkable waterborne epoxy resins show good thermal and resistance properties, and the feasibility in anticorrosion coating applications for steel surfaces is demonstrated.
Color darkness and hierarchy perceptions: How consumers associate darker colors with higher hierarchy
Authors: Chung Myungjin , Saini Ritesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study demonstrates that perceived hierarchy (high vs. low) from bundled products depend on the darkness of their color (darker vs. lighter). Results from 11 experiments show that consumers infer a darker‐colored product as a higher hierarchical product (HHP), relative to the otherwise identical lighter‐colored product of the same hue and saturation. We further establish that perceived dominance mediates this association: dark colors signal dominance. This study also demonstrates several downstream outcomes of the effect of darkness on hierarchy perceptions: consumers prefer product bundles where an HHP is colored darker than a lower hierarchical product. Furthermore, in the final study, we establish that this effect extends to three‐product bundles and is moderated by presentation mode.
DblurDoseNet: A deep residual learning network for voxel radionuclide dosimetry compensating for single‐photon emission computerized tomography imaging resolution
Authors: Li Zongyu , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Mikell Justin K. , Wilderman Scott J. , Dewaraja Yuni K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeCurrent methods for patient‐specific voxel‐level dosimetry in radionuclide therapy suffer from a trade‐off between accuracy and computational efficiency. Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport algorithms are considered the gold standard for voxel‐level dosimetry but can be computationally expensive, whereas faster dose voxel kernel (DVK) convolution can be suboptimal in the presence of tissue heterogeneities. Furthermore, the accuracies of both these methods are limited by the spatial resolution of the reconstructed emission image. To overcome these limitations, this paper considers a single deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with residual learning (named DblurDoseNet) that learns to produce dose‐rate maps while compensating for the limited resolution of SPECT images.MethodsWe trained our CNN using MC‐generated dose‐rate maps that directly corresponded to the true activity maps in virtual patient phantoms. Residual learning was applied such that our CNN learned only the difference between the true dose‐rate map and DVK dose‐rate map with density scaling. Our CNN consists of a 3D depth feature extractor followed by a 2D U‐Net, where the input was 11 slices (3.3 cm) of a given Lu‐177 SPECT/CT image and density map, and the output was the dose‐rate map corresponding to the center slice. The CNN was trained with nine virtual patient phantoms and tested on five different phantoms plus 42 SPECT/CT scans of patients who underwent Lu‐177 DOTATATE therapy.ResultsWhen testing on virtual patient phantoms, the lesion/organ mean dose‐rate error and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) relative to the ground truth of the CNN method was consistently lower than DVK and MC, when applied to SPECT images. Compared to DVK/MC, the average improvement for the CNN in mean dose‐rate error was 55%/53% and 66%/56%; and in NRMSE was 18%/17% and 10%/11% for lesion and kidney regions, respectively. Line profiles and dose–volume histograms demonstrated compensation for SPECT resolution effects in the CNN‐generated dose‐rate maps. The ensemble noise standard deviation, determined from multiple Poisson realizations, was improved by 21%/27% compared to DVK/MC. In patients, potential improvements from CNN dose‐rate maps compared to DVK/MC were illustrated qualitatively, due to the absence of ground truth. The trained residual CNN took about 30 s on a single GPU (Tesla V100) to generate a 512512130 dose‐rate map for a patient.ConclusionThe proposed residual CNN, trained using phantoms generated from patient images, has potential for real‐time patient‐specific dosimetry in clinical treatment planning due to its demonstrated improvement in accuracy, resolution, noise, and speed over the DVK/MC approaches.
Fast iterative solver for the optimal control of time‐dependent PDEs with Crank–Nicolson discretization in time
Authors: Leveque Santolo , Pearson John W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we derive a new, fast, and robust preconditioned iterative solution strategy for the all‐at‐once solution of optimal control problems with time‐dependent PDEs as constraints, including the heat equation and the non‐steady convection–diffusion equation. After applying an optimize‐then‐discretize approach, one is faced with continuous first‐order optimality conditions consisting of a coupled system of PDEs. As opposed to most work in preconditioning the resulting discretized systems, where a (first‐order accurate) backward Euler method is used for the discretization of the time derivative, we employ a (second‐order accurate) Crank–Nicolson method in time. We apply a carefully tailored invertible transformation for symmetrizing the matrix, and then derive an optimal preconditioner for the saddle‐point system obtained. The key components of this preconditioner are an accurate mass matrix approximation, a good approximation of the Schur complement, and an appropriate multigrid process to apply this latter approximation—these are constructed using our work in transforming the matrix system. We prove the optimality of the approximation of the Schur complement through bounds on the eigenvalues, and test our solver against a widely‐used preconditioner for the linear system arising from a backward Euler discretization. These demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our solver with respect to mesh‐sizes, regularization parameter, and diffusion coefficient.
Searching for biomarkers in schizophrenia and psychosis: Case‐control study using capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and systematic review for biofluid metabolites
Authors: Kim Saehyeon , Okazaki Satoshi , Otsuka Ikuo , Shinko Yutaka , Horai Tadasu , Shimmyo Naofumi , Hirata Takashi , Yamaki Naruhisa , Tanifuji Takaki , Boku Shuken , Sora Ichiro , Hishimoto Akitoyo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetabolomics has been attracting attention in recent years as an objective method for diagnosing schizophrenia. In this study, we analyzed 378 metabolites in the serum of schizophrenia patients using capillary electrophoresis‐ and liquid chromatography‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Using multivariate analysis with the orthogonal partial least squares method, we observed significantly higher levels of alanine, glutamate, lactic acid, ornithine, and serine and significantly lower levels of urea, in patients with chronic schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Additionally, levels of fatty acids (15:0), (17:0), and (19:1), cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid, and thyroxine were significantly higher in patients with acute psychosis than in those in remission. Moreover, we conducted a systematic review of comprehensive metabolomics studies on schizophrenia over the last 20 years and observed consistent trends of increase in some metabolites such as glutamate and glucose, and decrease in citrate in schizophrenia patients across several studies. Hence, we provide substantial evidence for metabolic biomarkers in schizophrenia patients through our metabolomics study.
Latest News: Reactions of Group 4 Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Metallocene Complexes and Applications of the Obtained Products
Authors: Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently published reactions of group 4 metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (btmsa) complexes from the last two years are reviewed. Complexes like Cp’2Ti(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) and Cp2Zr(py)(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) with Cp’ as Cp (cyclopentadienyl) and Cp* (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) have been considered (py=pyridine). These complexes can liberate a reactive low‐valent titanium or zirconium center by dissociation of the ligands and act as ‘‘masked’’ MII complexes (M=Ti, Zr). They represent excellent sources for the clean generation of the reactive coordinatively and electronically unsaturated complex fragments [Cp’2M]. This is the reason why they were used for many synthetic and catalytic reactions during the last years. As an update to several review articles on this topic, this contribution provides an update with recent examples of preparative organometallic and organic chemistry of these complexes, acting as reagents for a wide range of coordinating and coupling reactions. In addition, applications and investigations concerning reaction products derived from this chemistry are mentioned, too.
Characterization of protein–ligand binding interactions of enoyl‐ACP reductase (FabI) by native MS reveals allosteric effects of coenzymes and the inhibitor triclosan
Authors: Joyner P. Matthew , Tran Denise P. , Zenaidee Muhammad A. , Loo Joseph A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe enzyme enoyl‐ACP reductase (also called FabI in bacteria) is an essential member of the fatty acid synthase II pathway in plants and bacteria. This enzyme is the target of the antibacterial drug triclosan and has been the subject of extensive studies for the past 20 years. Despite the large number of reports describing the biochemistry of this enzyme, there have been no studies that provided direct observation of the protein and its various ligands. Here we describe the use of native MS to characterize the protein–ligand interactions of FabI with its coenzymes NAD+ and NADH and with the inhibitor triclosan. Measurements of the gas‐phase affinities of the enzyme for these ligands yielded values that are in close agreement with solution‐phase affinity measurements. Additionally, FabI is a homotetramer and we were able to measure the affinity of each subunit for each coenzyme, which revealed that both coenzymes exhibit a positive homotropic allosteric effect. An allosteric effect was also observed in association with the inhibitor triclosan. These observations provide new insights into this well‐studied enzyme and suggest that there may still be gaps in the existing mechanistic models that explain FabI inhibition.
An integrated health risk assessment with control banding for nanomaterials exposure
Authors: Halil Norsuzieanah , Rusli Risza , Zainal Abidin Mardhati , Jamen Shahrulnizam , Khan Faisal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNanomaterials are known to cause biological effects to humans through various routes of exposure such as injection, intravenous, oral, and inhalation. The risk analyses through conventional qualitative or semi‐quantitative approaches, such as control banding tools with limited safety data, and information on the risks posed by nanomaterials, have created uncertainties in decision‐making by various stakeholders. Therefore, an integrated Nanomaterial Risk (NanoRisk) framework that incorporates the Bayesian Network (BN) model, control banding, and process parameters focusing on humidity, the mass of nanomaterials, and operating temperatures was developed to assess the hazards of nanomaterials and their potential biological effects to human health as a result of exposure. The proposed risk assessment was applied to nanomaterials used in the paint and coating industry (nano‐silica, nano‐titanium, and nano‐silver), and the nodes of the BN model were constructed from physiochemical properties, biological effects, routes of exposure, and types of studies extracted from published data. The flexible analytic approach of the BN model allows for a valuable prediction of hazard exposure towards nanomaterials, thus facilitating decision‐making. Furthermore, the integrated framework proposes suitable control measures to reduce the hazard exposure according to the hazard level at different modes of operation. The distinctive feature of NanoRisk demonstrates comprehensive analysis and results that are comparable with previously developed methods.
Improved Cycling Stability of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Material via Variable Temperature Atomic Surface Reduction with Diethyl Zinc
Authors: Saha Arka , Taragin Sarah , Rosy  , Maiti Sandipan , Kravchuk Tatyana , Leifer Nicole , Tkachev Maria , Noked Malachi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐Ni‐rich layered oxides [e.g., LiNixCoyMnzO2; x > 0.5, x + y + z = 1] are considered one of the most promising cathodes for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIB). However, extreme electrode–electrolyte reactions, several interfacial issues, and structural instability restrict their practical applicability. Here, a shortened unconventional atomic surface reduction (ASR) technique is demonstrated on the cathode surface as a derivative of the conventional atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, which brings superior cell performances. The atomic surface reaction (reduction process) between diethyl‐zinc (as a single precursor) and Ni‐rich NMC cathode [LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2; NCM811] material is carried out using the ALD reactor at different temperatures. The temperature dependency of the process through advanced spectroscopy and microscopy studies is demonstrated and it is shown that thin surface film is formed at 100 °C, whereas at 200 °C a gradual atomic diffusion of Zn ions from the surface to the near‐surface regions is taking place. This unique near‐surface penetration of Zn ions significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the NCM811 cathode. This approach paves the way for utilizing vapor phase deposition processes to achieve both surface coatings and near‐surface doping in a single reactor to stabilize high‐energy cathode materials.