bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Primary Liver Cancer Attributable to Metabolic Risks: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2021
Authors: Wu Chutian , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Mao Yilei , Cheung Tan To , Yilmaz Yusuf , Valenti Luca , Méndez-Sánchez Nahum , Sookoian Silvia , Chan Wah-Kheong , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Yu Hon Ho , Kim Seung Up , George Jacob , Hu Dandan , Sebastiani Giada , Ryan John D. , Oviedo Rodolfo J. , Zhong Jian-Hong , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Lonardo Amedeo , Ruiz-Úcar Elena , Seto Wai-Kay , Sotoudeheian Mohammadjavad , Ocama Ponsiano , Lupşor-Platon Monica , Yang Tian , Ghazinyan Hasmik , Pan Qiuwei , Hamid Saeed , Adams Leon , Chai Jin , Prasad Arun , Perera Nilanka , Alswat Khalid , Isakov Vasily , Sarin Shiv Kumar , Sharara Ala I. , Sanai Faisal M. , Al-Busafi Said A. , Opio Christopher Kenneth , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos Jesus , Yang Wah , Wong Yu Jun , Torzilli Guido , Fouad Yasser , Zheng Ming-Hua 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

METHODS:
The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2021. The metabolic burden trends of liver cancer across regions and countries by sociodemographic index (SDI) and sex were estimated. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized DALYs rate were also calculated.

RESULTS:
Globally, in 2021, primary liver cancer attributable to high BMI and/or high FPG was estimated to have caused 59,970 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 20,567–104,103) and 1,540,437 DALYs (95% UI 540,922–2,677,135). The age-standardized rates of death and DALYs were 0.70 (95% UI 0.24–1.21) and 17.64 (95% UI 6.19–30.65) per 100,000 person-years. A consistent global rise in liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks was observed from 1990 to 2021, with high BMI identified as the major contributing risk factor. The highest burden of deaths and DALYs of liver cancer consistently occurred in high SDI countries, while the fastest growth trends were observed in low-middle SDI countries. The burdens of high levels of BMI and FPG were higher in men than in women.

DISCUSSION:
Primary liver cancer attributable to high BMI and/or high FPG imposes an increasingly substantial clinical burden on global public health, particularly in high SDI countries. Rapid growth trends are also found in middle SDI countries.
Developing the Event, Duration, Latency, and Interval (EDLI) Assessment Techniques to Measure Student Engagement and Motivation in Islamic Religious Education Online Courses
Authors: Agus  , Mawardi Djamaluddin  , Tamrin Taher  , Minggusta Juliadarma  , Nurhidayat  , Nur Rahmah Asnawi  , Noviyanti Soleman  
Published: January 2025

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop Event, Duration, Latency and Interval (EDLI) Assessment Techniques to Measure Student Learning Engagement and Motivation in Online Learning
Design/methods/approach – This study used a research and development (R&D) framework by Borg & Gall which consists of (1) Research and information collecting, (2) Planning, (3) Developing preliminary form of product, (4) Preliminary field testing, and (5) Operational field testing. The research subjects were lecturers at 5 universities in North Maluku province who implement online learning, totaling 10 lecturers. Data analysis using the Aiken Index to determine product validity criteria.
Findings – The results of the social behavior in online learning experts assessed 83% of the products developed as valid, then experts in the field of learning media assessed 83% of the products developed as valid, finally experts in the field of IT development assessed 83% of the products developed as valid.
Research implications/limitations – The Event, Duration, Latency, and Interval (EDLI) assessment technique guide is applicable for all lecturers conducting online learning. However, due to researcher limitations, product trials during the Operational Field Testing stage cannot be conducted at all universities in North Maluku Province and are restricted to universities in the city of Ternate.
Originality/value – The importance of a guide that explains procedures for assessing student performance during online learning is especially related to student motivation and involvement, and the Event, Duration, Latency, and Interval (EDLI) procedure is very relevant for use in assessing student performance during online learning.
The interior curvature bounds for a class of curvature quotient equations
Authors: Jia Haohao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For elliptic partial differential equations, the pure interior C
2 estimates and Pogorelov type estimates are important issues. In this paper, we study the interior estimates of

Γ

k

̃

$\tilde {{{\Gamma}}_{k}}$

-admissible solutions for curvature quotient equations

σ

k

(

η

(

κ

)

)

σ

l

(

η

(

κ

)

)

1

k
−
l

=
g

(

x
,
u

)

${\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{k}\left(\eta \left(\kappa \right)\right)}{{\sigma }_{l}\left(\eta \left(\kappa \right)\right)}\right)}^{\frac{1}{k-l}}=g\left(x,u\right)$

, and establish the pure interior curvature estimate when l = k − 1, 0 < k ≤ n and Pogorelov type estimate when 0 ≤ l < k ≤ n.
Breaking the guidelines: how financial unawareness fuels guideline deviations and inefficient DVT diagnostics
Authors: Kiraly Jozsef , Berzi Andras , El-Kareh Robert , Sebestyen Eniko , Ujvarosy Dora , Emri Miklos , Bhattoa Harjit Pal , Kappelmayer Janos , Miller Kristen E. , Toth Gabor 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To examine factors impacting diagnostic evaluation of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by analyzing the test ordering patterns and provider decision-making within a universal health coverage system in Hungary.

Methods
We analyzed test orders for suspected DVT between 2007 and 2020, and the financial framework influencing diagnostic practices. An anonymous survey was also conducted among Emergency Department physicians to explore factors influencing diagnostic decision-making.

Results
A total of 6,821 patients were identified. From 2008 to 2013, the most common diagnostic approach combined D-dimer and duplex ultrasound tests (64.5 %), followed by sole ultrasound (20.5 %) and sole D-dimer (15 %) testing. A marked shift occurred from 2014 onward, with sole ultrasound rising to 88 % of cases by 2018–2020, while combined testing and sole D-dimer orders decreased to 7.9 and 4 %, respectively. In survey results, time efficiency emerged as a key factor for bypassing D-dimer testing, cited by 75 % of physicians. 45 % believed D-dimer costs were comparable to or higher than duplex ultrasound. Financial analysis revealed that the outdated performance points system misrepresented actual costs, resulting in duplex ultrasound being significantly underfunded, which impacts the Radiology Department. This discrepancy contributes to higher national level expenses, driven by the increased reliance on ultrasound.

Conclusions
We found diagnostic practices deviating from international diagnostic guidelines, with an increase in duplex ultrasound over D-dimer. This shift, allowed by an outdated financing structure, increases overall costs for the healthcare system. Revising financial frameworks to reflect true costs is essential for sustainable operations in universal health coverage systems.
Density functional theory study of Mg–Ho intermetallic phases
Authors: Yang Yuting , He Mengqin , Luo Yi , Gu Yuhang , Ding Yunfei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present study explores the structural, phase stability, mechanical, and electrical properties of Mg–Ho intermetallic phases, namely Mg24Ho5, Mg2Ho, and MgHo. The investigation is conducted using the first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method within the framework of density functional theory, as implemented in the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package. The primary objective of this research is to illuminate the phase stability and mechanical behavior of these compounds, which are of paramount importance for their potential applications in magnesium alloys. The study determines the formation enthalpy (ΔH) and elastic constants (C

ij
) for each intermetallic phase and calculates the elastic moduli of the corresponding polycrystalline materials. The findings of this study reveal that the MgHo phase exhibits the highest absolute value of formation enthalpy (ΔH = −8.01 kJ·mol−1), indicating its superior stability among the three investigated intermetallic phases. As the concentration of Ho in Mg increases, the G/B ratio for the phases decreases from 1.02 to 0.60 (>0.57), suggesting that the intermetallic phases are stable, albeit brittle. The elastic anisotropy index (A
U), derived from the elastic constants (C

ij
), follows an ascending order of Mg24Ho5, Mg2Ho, and MgHo, signifying that MgHo possesses the most favorable elastic anisotropy among the studied phases.
Testing of kaolinite/TiO2 nanocomposites for methylene blue removal: photodegradation and mechanism
Authors: Fendi Karim , Bouzidi Nedjima , Boudraa Reguia , Saidani Amira , Manseri Amar , Eliche Quesada Dolores , Nguyen Hai Tran , Bollinger Jean-Claude , Salvestrini Stefano , Kebir Mohamed , Belkessa Nacer , Mouni Lotfi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different treatment conditions on kaolinite-halloysite type as a support for TiO2 and their potential application in photocatalysis. These nanocomposites are used to study the photodegradation of methylene blue, a dye widely used in the textile industry and released into the environment. Crystal structure, specific surface area, pore structure and the morphology of kaolinite were all studied using XRD, attenuated total reflectance (ATR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible light. The optical band gap increased with increasing kaolin loading from 2.93 to 3.14 eV. Compared with pure TiO2 photocatalyst, the morphology and structure of kaolinite/TiO2 composites can significantly improve their ability to adsorb organic pollutants and their photocatalytic activity: The photocatalytic efficiency of kaolinite/TiO2 was evaluated by degrading the textile dye methylene blue (MB) under UV-light irradiation. The results showed an improvement from 71 % using TiO2 to 98 % for nanocomposites kaolinite/TiO2 using samples amount of 1 g/L and Co = 20 mg/L.
On prime spaces of neutrosophic extended triplet groups
Authors: Zhou Xin , Xin Xiao Long 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article aims to investigate the Zariski topology on the set of prime ideals of a weak commutative neutrosophic extended triplet group (NETG)

N

N

, denoted by

Prim

(

N

)

{\rm{Prim}}\left(N)

. First, by giving an equivalent characterization of idempotent weak commutative NETGs, we show that a topological space

X

X

is an

S
S

SS

-space if and only if

X

X

is homeomorphic to the space

Prim

(

N

)

{\rm{Prim}}\left(N)

of some weak commutative NETG. In addition, we prove that there exists an adjunction between the dual category of weak commutative NETGs and the category of

S
S

SS

-spaces. Finally, we further study the categorical relation between idempotent weak commutative NETGs and that of

S
S

SS

-spaces, which leads to a conclusion that the category of idempotent weak commutative NETGs is equivalent to that of commutative idempotent semigroups.
Seeing Sacred for Centuries: Digitally Modeling Greek Worshipers’ Visualscapes at the Argive Heraion Sanctuary
Authors: Susmann Natalie M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mount Akraia, located in the northeastern Greek Peloponnese, hosted an open-air worshiping site beginning in the tenth/ninth c BCE. The space gained popularity and was quickly transformed into a monumental sanctuary known as the Argive Heraion. The sanctuary is elevated and easy to spot from a distance; it provides unobstructed views of the surrounding region. The location is historically significant as well, overlying a Mycenaean cemetery and settlement. Ancient authors frame the Argive Heraion as a touchstone sacred landmark; contemporary scholars echo these descriptions. This article synthesizes the textual and material record, questioning which of the Argive Heraion’s visual characteristics captivated worshipers’ senses, and if worshipers’ perceptions shifted over time. My complete dataset spans the tenth–second c BCE and considers all other places where group worship happened in the Argive Plain. Using GIS and text analyses, I measure and compare an array of viewing experiences that were culturally meaningful for Greek worshipers. The resultant models compare the Argive Heraion’s visualscape over time, framed against the broader sacred landscape. I also look to the present day. Using contemporary tourist reviews, I unpack nuances that are missing in the archaeological and historical record. Personal histories shift what we see and how we see it.
Compromising tyrosine hydroxylase function extends and blunts the temporal profile of reinforcement by dopamine neurons inDrosophila
Authors: Amin Fatima , König Christian , Zhang Jiajun , Kalinichenko Liubov S. , Königsmann Svea , Brunsberg Vivian , Riemensperger Thomas D. , Müller Christian P. , Gerber Bertram 
Published: January 2025

For a proper representation of the causal structure of the world, it is adaptive to consider both evidence for and evidence against causality. To take punishment as an example, the causality of a stimulus is unlikely if there is a temporal gap before punishment is received, but causality is credible if the stimulus immediately precedes punishment. In contrast, causality can be ruled out if the punishment occurred first. At the behavioral level, this is reflected in the associative principle of timing-dependent valence reversal: aversive memories are formed when a stimulus occurs before the punishment, whereas memories of appetitive valence are formed when a stimulus is presented upon the relieving termination of punishment. We map the temporal profile of memories induced by optogenetic activation of the PPL1-01 neuron in the flyDrosophila melanogaster(of either sex), and find that compromising tyrosine hydroxylase function, either acutely by pharmacological methods or by cell-specific RNAi, extends and blunts this profile. Specifically, it i) enhances learning with a time gap between the stimulus and PPL1-01 punishment (better trace conditioning), ii) impairs learning when the stimulus immediately precedes PPL1-01 punishment (worse delay conditioning), and iii) prevents learning about a stimulus presented after PPL1-01 punishment has ceased (worse relief conditioning). Under conditions of low dopamine, we furthermore observe a role for serotonin that is pronounced in trace conditioning, weaker in delay conditioning, and absent in relief conditioning. We discuss the psychiatric implications if related alterations in the temporal profile of reinforcement were to occur in humans.Significance statementActing in conformity with the causal structure of the world is important for survival in animals and humans alike. To do so, it is crucial to consider both evidence for and evidence against causality. For example, the causality of a stimulus is a reasonable assumption if it precedes punishment, whereas causality can be ruled out if the punishment occurred first. This is reflected in the opposite memories that are established through the ‘bad’ occurrence versus the ‘good’ termination of punishment. We find in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogasterthat compromising dopamine synthesis establishes a distortion of these processes and discuss the psychiatric implications if such distortions were to occur in humans.
WHAT HELEN HOUSE IS ABOUT
Authors: Student  
Published: January 2025

Perhaps several things need to be stressed in order to correct any wrong impressions [about Helen House, Britain's hospice for children]:
1. Our children belong at home with their families and just come to stay in Helen House from time to time. Families are welcome to come too.
2. Although most of our children do have a life-threatening illness of one kind or another, many of them have months and years of LIFE in front of them and we want to help them and their families to live life as fully and as happily as they can.
3. The strain and the loneliness for our families can be very great. We do not offer anything complex or sophisticated but try to be sensitive in responding to the very different individual needs of each family by giving support, using practical skills, and sharing a very ordinary kind of friendship.
4. Many of our children may only spend a few nights a year in Helen House itself, but through frequent telephone calls, letters or home visits we and they feel we share a very close friendship. For some perhaps we are able to take the place of the extended family so rarely in evidence now in our society.
Comparison of efficacy, safety, and cost between ultrasonography and fluoroscopy-ultrasonography as a target device in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in kidney stones less than 1.5 centimeters
Authors: Duarsa Gede Wirya Kusuma , Firman Pribadi  
Published: January 2025

Background: Kidney stones are the most common case in the field of urology, particularly in Indonesia. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the therapeutic modalities with the aid of fluoroscopy and/or ultrasonography to visualize the location of the stone. To date, there is no research in Indonesia on the efficacy, safety and cost compatibility between ESWL and their implementation in various hospitals. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety and cost of fluoroscopy-ultrasonography-guided ESWL (FU-ESWL) and ultrasonography-guided ESWL (U-ESWL) as target devices in type-C hospitals in Denpasar.
Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a prospective cohort approach that involved two group pre-post-test designs. The intervention was performed using the target device of FU-ESWL at Surya Husadha Hospital and U-ESWL at Balimed Hospital. The population of this study was patients with kidney stones less than 1.5 cm who underwent ESWL. The post-treatment assessment was the efficacy (stone size, stone-free rate (SFR), frequency, re-treatment, auxiliary procedure), safety (complication) and cost (unit cost, perceived cost, actual cost, Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER), Efficiency Quotient (EQ)).
Results: After treatment, the FU-ESWL group showed a smaller remaining stone size than the U-ESWL group. The ESWL frequency and re-treatment in FU-ESWL showed significantly better results than in U-ESWL. No significant differences in complication and SFR between the two groups. The unit cost of FU-ESWL was significantly higher than U-ESWL. However, the perceived cost and actual cost were not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, the cost aspect of the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and efficiency Quotient (EQ) of FU-ESWL is better than U-ESWL.
Conclusion: The combination targeting of FU-ESWL has better efficacy, ACER and EQ than U-ESWL. However, no significant differences were found in complication and SFR between the two groups. Important findings in this research are expected to contribute to monitoring and evaluating the national health insurance implementation in the field of Urology.
Different clinicopathological characteristics in Indonesian colorectal patients with RAS mutations and LC3 over-expression: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Andreas Rio , Rudiman Reno , Lukman Kiki , Sulthana Bambang Am Am Setya , Purnama Andriana , Putra Mochammad Riskie Aditya , Nugraha Prapanca , Primastari Etis 
Published: January 2025

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/9Gip7ztxLJk

Background: Colorectal cancer is reaching the third highest incidence globally, including in Indonesia. Members of the RAS family are frequently discovered in colorectal cancers and may be a contributing factor for the successfulness of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies therapy. Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) is one of the autophagy markers in colorectal cancer cells routinely tested. The relevance of RAS mutation and expression of LC3 as a prognostic factor in CRC has so far only been discussed in several reports. This study aimed to describe the different clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal patients with mutations of the RAS family and LC3 overexpression.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study, and the subjects for this study were patient from the Digestive Surgery division at the Tertiary Hospital in West Java, Indonesia with colorectal cancer. A total of 40 study subjects were included in this study. Examination of RAS mutations was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. Meanwhile, the LC3 examination was performed with immunohistochemistry.
Results: The RAS family mutation, which is a mutation of either KRAS, NRAS, or both, was shown in 22 (55%) colorectal cancer patients, and a positive LC3 test was shown in 24 (60%) patients. A univariate analysis of the mutations of the RAS family and expression of the LC3 showed non-significant relationships.
Conclusion: No association observed between RAS family mutations and LC3 expression in colorectal cancer patients.
Efficacy and safety of microsurgical varicocelectomy with subinguinal and inguinal approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wahyu Ali Muhammad , Sangadji Agung Ravi Saputra , Azmi Yufi Aulia , Rizaldi Fikri , Soebadi Doddy Moesbadianto 
Published: January 2025

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/AfvCd6OEtcY

Introduction: Microsurgical varicocelectomy is the gold standard for varicocele therapy because it has a higher success rate and minimal complication rate than other surgical modalities. This review aims to directly compare the efficacy and safety of inguinal and subinguinal varicocelectomy microsurgery.
Method: This study conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles examining the comparison of inguinal micro-varicolectomy compared to subinguinal in patients with varicoceles undergoing varicocele surgical procedures were systematically reviewed from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) studies’ quality was determined using the RoB Tool v2: for randomized trials. Risk Ratio with a 95% confidence interval is applied to the measurement of research outcomes. The analysis is performed with RevMan 5.4 software. This research protocol is listed in the PROSPERO register.
Result: A total of 293 study subjects were included from three articles in the study. Inguinal micro-varicocelectomy has a faster operating time outcome than the subinguinal approach (MD: -3.81 95% CI -6.41-1.21; p = 0.004) but has a higher postoperative visual analog pain scale (VAS) outcome (MD: -0.44 95% CI 0.85-0.03; p = 0.03).
Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the outcome of hydrocele incidence, the degree of recurrence, or the number of veins that were ligated after surgery. Micro-varicocelectomy with the inguinal approach has the advantage of faster operating time than the subingunal approach but has a higher pain rate than the subinguinal approach. We suggest the sub-inguinal rather than inguinal approach because of the higher number of benefits.