bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcosmic Mechanism of Die-sinking Mixed-gas Atomization Discharge Ablation Process on Titanium Alloy
Authors: Kong Linglei , Wang Xiangzhi , He Qing , Han Jinjin , Zhang Suorong , Ding Kai , Liu Zhidong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to reveal the microscopic mechanism of the titanium alloy die-sinking mixed-gas atomization discharge ablation process (MA-DAP), a single-pulse-discharge test was performed using a needle electrode discharge device. According to the step-like characteristic of the single discharge waveform, the micro-erosion process could be divided into four stages: preparation for oxidation ablation; oxidation occurrence and oxide layer generation; oxidation-ablation dynamic balance and oxide layer prototype formation; oxidation-ablation termination and integral oxide layer formation. Theoretical analysis showed that the violent exothermic oxidation reaction between the oxygen medium and the high-temperature melting material introduced a large quantity of external chemical energy into the sparking region. Fast vaporization and explosion of the atomized medium after heating gave MA-DAP high particle removal power. The technological experimental results showed MA-DAP provides high material removal efficiency and strong deep-hole machining ability. The depth-to-diameter ratio of the specially shaped titanium alloy MA-DAF blind hole was 11 times that from traditional electrical discharge machining, while the cross-sectional hardness can be reduced by 45%.
Orchiectomy and Hysterectomy for Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome Associated-Seminoma in a 35-Year-Old Father: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mansour Marah , Fattal Abdullah , Ouerdane Yassamine , Alsuliman Tamim , Kanjawi Omar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

A persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare disorder of sexual differentiation characterized by the presence of the female reproductive system in a normal male.
Case presentation

Herein, we report a case of a 35-year-old father with the persistent Müllerian duct syndrome and seminoma in the right undescended testis. The exploratory laparotomy was performed and revealed a mass in the right undescended testis and Müllerian duct structures.
Conclusions

For patients with cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia, the persistent Müllerian duct syndrome should be considered, and radiological evaluation of the genitourinary system is recommended for early diagnosis of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. The persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is usually detected during surgical operation, and it is considered a risk factor for developing testicular malignancies.
Genotoxic Hazard and Oxidative Stress Induced by Wastewater Irrigated Soil With Special Reference to Pesticides and Heavy Metal Pollution
Authors: Zeyad Mohammad Tarique , Malik Abdul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Enhancement of industrial growth and urbanization, soil contamination is increasingly prominent. Therefore, it’s important to examine possible adverse effects of industrial waste. Samples were found to be polluted with several heavy-metals and pesticides. Gas chromatographic results showed occurrence of high-level of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides. Genotoxicity of soil extracts was assessed using environmental-risk assessment models. Soil samples were extracted in hexane and dichloromethane solvents and were evaluated for genotoxic potential by prokaryotic (Ames test, plasmid nicking assay and E. coli K-12 DNA repair defective mutants) and eukaryotic (Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration and Vigna radiata seed-germination test) bioassays. Strain TA98 was found most susceptible among soil extracts. Hexane soil extract of wastewater irrigation was determined more mutagenic than DCM samples in terms of mutagenic index, mutagenic potential and induction factor for Ames strains. The damage in DNA repair defective mutants of hexane extracts were found higher compared to DCM extracts at dose of 20 μl/ml of culture. Survival in polA, lexA and recA mutants were 39%, 47% and 55% while treated with hexane extract. Allium cepa test, mitotic index was decreased in dose-dependent way and various kinds of chromosomal aberrations were found. Vigna radiata seeds germination and other parameters were also affected when treated with contaminated soil. Oxidative stress in V. radiata roots were also showed under CLS microscope. Genotoxicity of contaminated soil extract was also confirmed by plasmid nicking test. Our study provides possible explanation for the assessment of potential health and environmental hazards of the industrial region.
Disease Course Following High Disease Activity Status Revealed Patterns in SLE
Authors: Hoi Alberta , Koelmeyer Rachel , Bonin Julie , Sun Ying , Kao Amy , Gunther Oliver , Nim Hieu T. , Morand Eric 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: We sought to examine the disease course of High Disease Activity Status (HDAS) patients and their different disease patterns in a real-world longitudinal cohort. Disease resolution till Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) has been a general treatment goal, but there is limited information on this subset of patients who achieve this.Methods: All consenting patients of the Monash Lupus Cohort who had at least 12 months of observation were included. HDAS was defined as SLEDAI-2K³10 ever, and HDAS episode as the period from the first HDAS clinic visit until attainment of LLDAS. We examined the associations of different HDAS patterns with the likelihood of damage accrual. Results: Of 342 SLE patients, 151 experienced HDAS at least once, accounting for 298 HDAS episodes. The majority of HDAS patients (76∙2%) experienced Recurrent HDAS (>1 HDAS visit), and a smaller subset (47∙7%) had Persistent HDAS (consecutive HDAS visits for longer than 2 months. Recurrent or Persistent HDAS patients were younger at diagnosis and more likely to experience renal or serositis manifestations; persistent HDAS patients were also more likely to experience neurological manifestations. Baseline SLEDAI greater than 10 was associated with longer HDAS episodes. Recurrent or Persistent HDAS were both associated with an increased likelihood of damage accrual. Total duration of HDAS episode greater than 2 years and experiencing multiple HDAS episodes (>4) were also associated with an increased likelihood of damage accrual (OR 1∙80, 95%CI 1∙08 - 2∙97, p=0∙02, and OR 3∙31, 95% CI 1∙66-13∙26, p=0∙01 respectively).Conclusion: HDAS episodes have a highly variable course. Recurrent and Persistent HDAS, and longer duration of HDAS episodes, increased risk of damage accrual. In addition to a major signifier of severity in SLE, its resolution to LLDAS can determine subsequent outcome in SLE patients.
Anti-Liver and Anti-Breast Cancer Activities of Novel 2-Thioxo-4-Imidazolidinone Derivatives
Authors: AbdulJabar Layla Adnan , AlShawi Ali , Mutlaq Dakhil Zughayir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
MTT assay and flowcytometry analysis were used to examine the anti-liver (HepG2) and anti-breast cancer (MCF-7) activities of twelve compounds derived from 2-thioxo-4-imidazolidine. The compounds 5a-h and 7f demonstrated significant anticancer activity against breast cancer cells, while the compounds 5a, ab, and 5d-h demonstrated significant anticancer activity against liver cancer cells, with varying IC50 values as compared to Cisplatin as the positive control. Among these compounds, we chose 5a, 5d, and 5h to detect cell cycle phases and late apoptosis. Compound 5a arrested MCF-7 cells in the S phase, while compound 5d arrested cells in the G1 phase. Compound 5a arrested S phase HepG2 cells, compound 5d arrested S phase cells, and compound 5h arrested G2 phase HepG2 cells. Compound 5a had a higher ratio of late apoptosis than compounds 5d and 5h on both cancer cells. Finally, the development of these compounds as new anti-breast and anti-liver agents warrants further research to understand the mechanism of action, especially against breast cancer.
Effects of an on-table Reconstruction Technique Combined With Miniplate Internal Fixation and Prosthesis for the Treatment of Isolated Mason III Radial Head Fractures
Authors: HAN Lei , Wang feng Can , Hu geng Yun , Fang li Wei , Zhou-feng Song 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In this retrospective study we analyzed a consecutive series of patients affected by isolated radial head Mason III fractures and treated with an on-table reconstruction technique combined with miniplate internal fixation or prosthesis.Methods: This study included 42 patients affected by isolated radial head Mason III fractures and treated between Jan 2012 and Jan 2019. Twenty-four patients (average age 45.6 years) were treated with an on-table reconstruction technique combined with miniplate internal fixation. The remaining 18 (average age 44.5 years) were treated with prosthesis. From a clinical point of view, we evaluated the patients according to the Broberg–Morrey scoring system and the (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) DASH questionnaire for parameters.Results: We found similar results in both the groups according to Broberg–Morrey score system and the DASH questionnaire at the last follow-up. The scores of the prosthesis group were better than those of the internal fixation group at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month follow-up post-operation.Conclusion: Both the on-table reconstruction technique combined with the miniplate internal fixation and prosthesis can be effective in treating patients with isolated Mason III radial head fractures. There was no difference in elbow function between the two groups at the last follow-up; however, a prosthesis favors early functional recovery of the elbow.
Clinical Features, Strain Distribution, Antifungal Resistance and Prognosis of Patients with Candida Non-Albicans Candidemia：A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Liu Fengqi , Zhong Li , Zhou Feifei , Zheng Cheng , Zhang Kai , Cai Jiachang , Zhou Hongwei , Tang Kankai , Dong Zhaohui , Cui Wei , Zhang Gensheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Candida albicans (C. albicans) candidemia were well reported in previous studies, while researches on Candida non-albicans (C. non-albicans) candidemia remain poorly explored. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, and outcomes of C. non-albicans candidemia.
Methods

We recruited inpatients with candidemia from January 2013 to June 2020 in a tertiary hospital for this retrospective observational study.
Results

Total 301 patients with candidemia were recruited in current study, including 161 (53.5%) patients with C. non-albicans candidemia. The main pathogens in C. non-albicans candidemia were Candida tropicalis (23.9%), Candida parapsilosis (15.6%) and Candida glabrata (10.3%). Patients with C. non-albicans candidemia had more medical admissions (P = 0.034), more percentage of hematological malignancies (P = 0.007), more frequency of antifungal exposure (P = 0.012), and more indwelling peripherally inserted central catheter (P = 0.002) in comparison with C. albicans candidemia. In multivariable analysis, prior antifungal exposure was independently related to C. non-albicans candidemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.312; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.113–0.859). Additionally, C. non-albicans was obviously resistant to azoles, especially for C. tropicalis with a high cross-resistance to azoles. However, no significant differences were noted about the mortalities of 14 days, 28 days and 60 days between these two groups.
Conclusions

C. non-albicans are dominant in candidemia, and prior antifungal exposure is an independent risk factor. Of note, although outcomes between C. non-albicans and C. albicans candidemia are similar, the drug-resistance to specific azoles as well as cross-resistance frequently occurs in patients with C. non-albicans candidemia, which deserves attentions in clinical practice and further in-depth investigation.
REDbox: a comprehensive semantic framework for data collection, management and sharing in tuberculosis research
Authors: Lima Vinícius Costa , Bernardi Filipe Andrade , Pellison Felipe Carvalho , Júnior Francisco Barbosa , Filho Márcio Eloi Colombo , Alves Domingos , Kritski Afrânio Lineu , Galliez Rafael Mello , Rijo Rui Pedro Charters Lopes 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The outcomes of a clinical research directly depend on the correct definition of the research protocol, the data collection strategy and the data management plan. Furthermore, researchers often need to work within challenging contexts, such as in Tuberculosis services, where human and technological resources for research may be rare. The use of Electronic Data Capture systems can help to mitigate such risks and to enable a democratic environment to conduct health research and promote results dissemination and data reusability. Methods: The proposed solution was based on needs pinpointed by researchers, considering the lack of an embracing solution to conduct research in low resources environments. REDCap was used for research data storing and its management. KoBoToolbox enables forms building and online and offline data collection. Semantic annotation is applied for promoting data integration and availability. Results: The REDbox framework was built to enhance data collection, management and sharing in tuberculosis research, while providing a better user experience. Metadata was defined to enable the integration of both systems. A converter module enables compatibility of forms in both systems. Data collected in KoBoToolbox forms are instantly submitted to an ETL processor, which extracts and transforms the data to be loaded into REDCap. A data quality module facilitates the management of data by reducing the workload of time-consuming and delicate tasks. A service provides practical tools to enhance the use of ontologies and support the continuous integration of different data sources.Conclusions: The relevance of this article lies in the innovative approach to support TB research during collection, management and dissemination phases, which is often carried out in contexts with few human and technological resources. REDCap presents a better approach to the whole research life cycle, but has some usability concerns. On the other hand, KoBoToolbox natively works online or offline, without any additional software. Therefore, when focusing on positive aspects of each tool, it is possible to underpin tuberculosis research by improving data collection, management capability and security. Furthermore, the aggregation of meaning in raw data helps to promote the quality and the availability of research data.
A Novel Technique Using Ultrasonography in Upper Airway Management After Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Murata Shizumasa , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Oka Hiroyuki , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yukawa Yasutsugu , Minamide Akihito , Tsutsui Shunji , Takami Masanari , Nagata Keiji , Taiji Ryo , Kozaki Takuhei , Yamada Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim is to describe an ultrasound procedure that evaluates the prevertebral soft tissue (PST) and upper airway and investigate the compatibility between X-ray and ultrasonography in PST evaluation. We included 11 radiculopathy/myelopathy patients who underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion involving C5/6, C6/7, or both segments. The condition of the PST and upper airway was evaluated over 14 days. The Bland–Altman method was used to evaluate the degree of agreement between the PST values obtained using radiography versus ultrasonography. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between the PST measurement methods. Single-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) was performed in 8 cases and double-level ACDF, in 3 cases. PST and upper airway thickness peaked on postoperative day 3, with no airway complications. The Bland–Altman bias was within the prespecified clinically nonsignificant range—0.13 ± 0.36 mm (95%CI 0.04–0.22 mm). Ultrasonography effectively captured post-ACDF changes in PST and upper airway thickness and detected airway edema. Ultrasonography can help continuously assess the PST and upper airway as it is simple and has no radiation exposure risk. Therefore, radiography alone is insufficient for post-ACDF detection of airway complications and including ultrasonography may be beneficial.
Application of Mechanistic Force Models to Features of Arbitrary Geometry at Low Material Removal Rate
Authors: Miller Grael Sebastian Stevenson , Irani Rishad A. , Ahmadi Mojtaba 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a workpiece discretization method to apply existing cutting force models to predict the forces generated during low material removal rate robotic machining operations of features with arbitrary geometry. Two machining operations along a straight edge are modelled using this feature discretization method are shown, a chamfer pass on a sharp corner and the removal of a trapezoidal cross section. The workpiece features are measured using a high resolution laser profile scanner to obtain the volume of the features to be removed. The identified features are discretized into rectangular sections such that the cutting force models can be applied to predict the cutting forces. A linear and an exponential mechanistic model which relate tool immersion and feed rate to the cutting force are applied to the scanned workpiece features. The linear and nonlinear models show good agreement with the measured data, with the exception that the linear model occasionally over predicts the forces depending on the radial depth of cut.
Geometrical characteristics of the knee are associated with the injury of the meniscus
Authors: Wang Peixu , Gao Fuqiang , Sun Wei , Li Zirong , Wu Xinjie , Shi Lijun , Xu Xin , Li Tengqi , Fan Xiaoyu , Li Chengxin , Li Zhizhuo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

To assess the geometrical risk factors for meniscal injuries. Our hypothesis was that the narrowness of the intercondylar notch and the smaller tibial spine could increase the risk of meniscal injuries.
Methods

We retrospectively studied two hundred and seven patients examined for knee magnetic resonance images. The severity of meniscal injuries was evaluated by two experienced orthopedists. The notch width, bicondylar notch width, notch width index, condyle width of the femur, tibial spine height, and intercondylar angle were measured in magnetic resonance image slides by two blinded orthopedists.
Results

In all two hundred and seven patients, 112 patients with a meniscus injury and 95 patients were as healthy control. The NWI (P = 0.027) in patients with meniscus injuries was significantly different from the control group. A 1 SD (0.04 mm) increase in NWI was associated with a 0.4-fold increase in the risk of meniscal injury. A 1 SD (0.04 mm) increase in NWI was associated with a 0.64-fold increase in the risk of grade 3 meniscal injury. Furthermore, NWI and medial spine height are decreased significantly in grade 2 (P < 0.05) meniscal injury than in other grades. The medial spine height was significantly decreased in the meniscal injury group (P = 0.025), and the decrease of medial spine height would increase the risk of meniscal injury (OR = 0.77) and grade 3 meniscal injury (OR = 0.8).
Conclusions

The stenosis of the femoral intercondylar notch and small medial tibial spine are risk factors of meniscal injury. The decreased NWI and the decreased medial tibial spine height were also associated with the severity of the meniscal injury.
Assessment of Non-Invasive Diagnostic Imaging Modalities Efficiency for Detecting Myocardial Ischemia in Patients Suspected of Having Stable Angina
Authors: Iwata Kunihiro , Ogasawara Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess and compare the detection efficiency of non-invasive diagnostic imaging modalities as easy-to-understand indices for patients with myocardial ischemia. Methods: We included 1,000 patients with chest pain and possible coronary artery disease (CAD), based on their clinical condition. The modalities to be assessed were as follows: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI), single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission computed tomography (PET), stress echocardiography (SE), and fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (FFRCT). We used the decision tree simulation analysis to assess and compare the following: (1) the number of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), false negative (FN), and true negative (TN) test results per 1,000 patients, (2) positive predictive value (PPV), (3) negative predictive value (NPV), (4) post-test probability (post-TP), (5) diagnostic accuracy (DA), and (6) the number needed to diagnose (NND). Results: In the basic settings (pre-test probability: 50%), PET generated the highest TP (450), NPV (89%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 86%-92%), DA (87%, 95% CI: 85%-89%), and NND (1.35, 95% CI: 1.26-1.48). In contrast, CMRI produced the highest TN (435), PPV (87%, 95% CI: 84%-90%), DA (87%, 95% CI: 85%-89%), and NND (1.35, 95% CI: 1.26-1.48). In addition, FFRCT generated the highest FP (120). SE produced the highest FN (155) and post-TP (29%, 95% CI: 25%-33%). Conclusion: PET and CMRI were considered more efficient than other modalities. The results of our study will be useful for both physicians who order the examination and patients who undergo it.
Infection prevention and control measures and recommendations for preterm infants discharged into the community: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Carruthers Kathryn , Hannis Dorothy , Robinson Jonathan , Armstrong Alan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: IPC recommendations aim to prevent illness and subsequent hospital re-admission. Cohesive guidance for parents of preterm infants has not been clearly established. The review objectives are to identify and map the global characteristics of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures and recommendations for parents of preterm infants discharged home to the community.Methods: The scoping review will be conducted using the JBI methodological approach for scoping reviews and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review extension. Electronic databases will be searched and limited by publication year (1990-present day). Grey literature, reference lists and expert provided sources will be searched against pre-determined criteria. A minimum of two authors will independently screen evidence sources and chart the evidence on a pre-determined charting form. Sources including IPC measures, or recommendations for parents of preterm infants during discharge planning or in the community/home will be permitted within inclusion criteria. Limits include human studies only and evidence from 1990-present day. There are no participant or type of source exclusions. Recommendations aimed at implementation by professionals will be excluded. A descriptive summary of findings will be presented along with diagrammatic and tabular representation.Discussion: Collated evidence will guide future targeted research which will subsequently aim to develop policy and enhance clinical approaches.Scoping Review Registration: This scoping review has been registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) on the 4th May 2021, registration number (pending).