bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virologic features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children
Authors: Yonker Lael M. , Boucau Julie , Regan James , Choudhary Manish C. , Burns Madeleine D. , Young Nicola , Farkas Eva J. , Davis Jameson P. , Moschovis Peter P. , Kinane T. Bernard , Fasano Alessio , Neilan Anne M. , Li Jonathan Z. , Barczak Amy K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundData on pediatric COVID-19 has lagged behind adults throughout the pandemic. An understanding of SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in children would enable data-driven public health guidance.MethodsRespiratory swabs were collected from children with COVID-19. Viral load was quantified by RT-PCR; viral culture was assessed by direct observation of cytopathic effects and semiquantitative viral titers. Correlations with age, symptom duration, and disease severity were analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences were compared with contemporaneous sequences.Results110 children with COVID-19 (median age 10 years, range 2 weeks-21 years) were included in this study. Age did not impact SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Children were most infectious within the first five days of illness, and severe disease did not correlate with increased viral loads. Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 sequences were representative of those in the community and novel variants were identified.ConclusionsSymptomatic and asymptomatic children can carry high quantities of live, replicating SARS-CoV-2, creating a potential reservoir for transmission and evolution of genetic variants. As guidance around social distancing and masking evolves following vaccine uptake in older populations, a clear understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in children is critical for rational development of public health policies and vaccination strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERIODONTITIS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN A FAMILY HEALTH UNIT IN SALVADOR-BA
Authors: Coelho Julita Maria Freitas , Ponte Glaúcia Alencar , Gomes-Filho Isaac Suzart , de Santana Passos Johelle , da Cruz Simone Seixas , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Conceição Sarah dos Santos , Silva Roberta Borges , das Mêrces Magno Conceição 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe metabolic syndrome is characterized by multiple disorders, and the in periodontitis, inflammation occurs in the tissues supporting the tooth, where in this process it is believed that the migration of oral bacteria and byproducts to the circulatory system occurs, with a systemic spread of inflammatory mediators. This study aims to verify the effect of periodontitis on the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome.MethodCross-sectional study with 90 users of the Family Health Unit from Vale do Cambonas in Salvador-BA. Questionnaires were applied, physical / anthropometric and dental evaluation were performed, record of the results of laboratory tests was registered and evaluation of medical records.Data analysisA bivariate and stratified analysis was performed, obtaining means and standard deviation for continuous variables, absolute and relative frequency for all variables, and multiple conditional logistic regression was performed to obtain the final model adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsIn the final sample 46,67% of participants had metabolic syndrome according NECP-ATP III criterion and 30, 00% had periodontitis. From those, 20.00% had severe periodontitis, 10% moderate periodontitis and none with mild periodontitis, according to the criterion proposed by Gomes-Filho et al. (2018). There was statistical significance in the association between periodontitis and MetS (ORcrude= 2.58, 95% CI [1.02 - 6.55]) / (ORadjusted= 2.63, 95% CI [1.01 - 6.80]) and severe periodontitis and MetS (ORcrude= 3.86, 95% CI [1.24 - 11.98]) / (ORadjusted= 4.14, 95% CI [1.29-13.29]).ConclusionThe main findings of this study indicate a positive association between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, with a higher effect when the exposure was severe periodontitis.
Functional Differences in the Neural Substrates of Auditory Cognition as a Consequence of Music Training
Authors: du Bois Naomi , Sanchez Bornot José M. , Rathee Dheeraj , Wong-Lin KongFatt , Elliott Mark A. , Prasad Girijesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that musical deviants (syntactically irregular chords) elicit event related potentials/fields with negative polarity; specifically, the early right anterior negativity and the right anterior temporal negativity responses with peak latencies at ~200 ms and ~350 ms, respectively, post stimulus onset. Here, we investigated differences in the neural dynamics of the auditory perceptual system of individuals with music training compared to those with no music training. Magnetoencephalography was used to examine the neural response to a deviant sound when the auditory system was primed using stimulus entrainment to evoke an auditory gamma-band response between 31 Hz and 39 Hz, in 2 Hz steps. Participants responded to the harmonic relationship between the entrainment stimulus and the subsequent target stimulus. Gamma frequencies carry stimulus information; thus, the paradigm primed the auditory system with a known gamma frequency and evaluated any improvement in the brains response to a deviant stimulus. The entrainment stimuli did not elicit an early right anterior negativity response. Furthermore, the source location of the event-related field difference during the later right anterior temporal negativity response time-window varied depending on group and entrainment condition. In support of previous findings from research using this, and a functionally similar visual-priming paradigm, a 7 Hz phase modulation of gamma amplitude was found for non-musicians following 33 Hz stimulus entrainment. Overall, significant effects of gamma entrainment were found more frequently in the non-music brain. By contrast, musicians demonstrated a greater range of interactions with slower brain rhythms, indicative of increased top-down control.Graphical AbstractConclusionMusicians’ auditory cognition relies more on top-down processes, while non-musicians rely on bottom-up processing, and therefore, their auditory cognition is facilitated by the entrained gamma-band response.First neural evidence in support of faster reaction-time responses due to an interaction in phase of an entrained gamma-band response of 33 Hz and a slower endogenous theta rhythm (~7 Hz) - consistently reported in previous research.
Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamic
Authors: Ye Chengjin , Chiem Kevin , Park Jun-Gyu , Silvas Jesus A. , Vasquez Desarey Morales , Torrelles Jordi B. , Kobie James J. , Walter Mark R. , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Martinez-Sobrido Luis 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYReplication-competent recombinant viruses expressing reporter genes provide valuable tools to investigate viral infection. Low levels of reporter gene expressed from previous reporter-expressing rSARS-CoV-2 have jeopardized their use to monitor the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infectionin vitroorin vivo. Here, we report an alternative strategy where reporter genes were placed upstream of the viral nucleocapsid gene followed by a 2A cleavage peptide. The higher levels of reporter expression using this strategy resulted in efficient visualization of rSARS-CoV-2 in infected cultured cells and K18 hACE2 transgenic mice. Importantly, real-time viral infection was readily tracked using a non-invasivein vivoimaging system and allowed us to rapidly identify antibodies which are able to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infectionin vivo. Notably, these reporter-expressing rSARS-CoV-2 retained wild-type virus like pathogenicityin vivo, supporting their use to investigate viral infection, dissemination, pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2in vivo.
What should a poor mother do? Influence of host plant quality on oviposition strategy and behavior in a polyphagous moth
Authors: Green Kristina Karlsson , Houot Benjamin , Anderson Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo maximise fitness, individuals may apply different reproductive strategies. Such strategies could be phenotypically plastic and vary depending on the environment. For example, when resources are limited females often face a trade-off between investing in offspring quantity and quality, and how she balances this trade-off may depend on the environment. For phytophagous insects, and especially generalist insects, variation in host plant quality could have large effects on mating, reproduction and offspring performance. Here, we study if the polyphagous mothSpodoptera littoralis, which selects host plants through experience-based preference induction, also has a flexible allocation between egg weight and egg number as well as in temporal egg-laying behavior depending on larval host plant species. We found thatS. littoralishas a canalized egg size and that an increased reproductive investment is made in egg quantity rather than egg quality. This increased investment depends on larval host plant species, probably reflecting parental condition. The constant egg weight may be due to physiological limitations or to limited possibilities to increase fitness through larger offspring size. We furthermore found that differences in onset of egg-laying is mainly due to differences in mating propensity between individuals raised on different host plant species. Thus, females do not seem to make a strategic reproductive investment in challenging environments. Instead, the low-quality host plant induces less and later reproduction, which could have consequences for population dynamics in the field.
Fluctuating Environment Can Negate Cheater Success Due to Speed-Agility Trade-Off
Authors: van den Berg Naomi Iris , Kalmar Lajos , Patil Kiran R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStability of microbial cooperation through common goods is susceptible to cheating. Evidence suggests that cheating plays a less prominent role in many natural systems than hitherto predicted by models of eco-evolutionary dynamics and evolutionary game theory. While several cheater negating factors such as spatial segregation have been identified, most consider single-nutrient regimes. Here we propose a cheater-suppressing mechanism based on previous experimental observations regarding the biochemical trade-off between growth speed and delay in switching to alternative nutrients. As changing the nutrient source requires redistribution of enzymatic resources to different metabolic pathways, the advantage in speed is offset by lower agility due to longer time required for resource re-allocation. Using an in silico model system of sucrose utilisation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we find that a tradeoff between growth rate and diauxic lag duration can supress cheaters under fluctuating nutrient availability and thereby stabilise cooperation. The resulting temporal dynamics constrain cheaters despite their competitive benefit for the growth on the primary nutrient via avoided public goods synthesis costs. We further show that this speed-agility trade-off can function in synergy with spatial segregation to avoid the collapse of the community due to the cheaters. Taken together, the growth-agility trade-off may contribute to cheater suppression in microbial ecosystems experiencing fluctuating environments, such as plant root microbiota and gut microbiota.
Elicitation of neutralizing antibody responses to HIV-1 immunization with nanoparticle vaccine platforms
Authors: Murji Amyn A. , Qin Juliana S. , Hermanus Tandile , Morris Lynn , Georgiev Ivelin S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA leading strategy for developing a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is the elicitation of antibodies that can neutralize a large fraction of circulating HIV-1 variants. However, a major challenge that has limited the effectiveness of current vaccine candidates is the extensive global diversity of HIV-1 Env, the sole target for HIV-neutralizing antibodies. To address this challenge, a variety of strategies to incorporate Env diversity into the vaccine formulation have been proposed. Here, we assessed the potential of two such strategies that utilize a nanoparticle-based vaccine platform to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses. The nanoparticle immunogens developed here consisted of different formulations of Envs from strains BG505 (clade A) and CZA97 (clade C), attached to the N-termini of bacterial ferritin. Single-antigen nanoparticle cocktails as well as mosaic nanoparticles bearing both Env trimers elicited high antibody titers in mice and guinea pigs.Furthermore, serum from guinea pigs immunized with nanoparticle immunogens achieved autologous, and in some cases heterologous, tier 2 neutralization, although significant differences between mosaic and single-antigen nanoparticles were not observed. These results provide insights into the ability of different vaccine strategies for incorporating Env sequence diversity to elicit neutralizing antibodies, with implications for the development of broadly protective HIV-1 vaccines.
Lung epithelial signaling mediates early vaccine-induced CD4+T cell activation andMtbcontrol
Authors: Das Shibali , Marin Nancy D. , Esaulova Ekaterina , Ahmed Mushtaq , Swain Amanda , Rosa Bruce A. , Mitreva Makedonka , Rangel-Moreno Javier , Netea Mihai G , Barreiro Luis B. , Divangahi Maziar , Artyomov Maxim N. , Kaushal Deepak , Khader Shabaana A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death due to a single infectious agent. The development of a TB vaccine that induces durable and effective immunity toMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection is urgently needed. Early and superiorMtbcontrol can be induced inM. bovisBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccinated hosts when the innate immune response is targeted to generate effective vaccine-induced immunity. In the present study, we show that innate activation of DCs is critical for mucosal localization of clonally activated vaccine-induced CD4+T cells in the lung, and superior earlyMtbcontrol. In addition, our study reveals that Th1/Th17 cytokine axis play an important role in superior vaccine induced immunity. Our studies also show that activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκβ) pathway in lung epithelial cells is critical for the mucosal localization of activated vaccine-induced CD4+T cells for rapidMtbcontrol. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the immune mechanisms that can overcome TB vaccine bottlenecks and provide early rapidMtbcontrol.ImportanceTuberculosis is a leading cause of death due to single infectious agent accounting 1.4 million deaths each year. The only licensed vaccine BCG is not effective due to variable efficacy. In our study, we determined the early immune events necessary for achieving complete protection in BCG vaccinated host. Our study reveals that innate activation of DCs can mediate superior and earlyMtbcontrol in BCG vaccinated host through lung epithelial cell signaling and localization of clonal activated,Mtbantigen specific, cytokine producing CD4+T cells within the lung parenchyma and airways. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the immune mechanisms that can overcome TB vaccine bottlenecks and provide early rapidMtbcontrol.
Volume growth in animal cells is cell cycle dependent and shows additive fluctuations
Authors: Cadart Clotilde , Piel Matthieu , Lagomarsino Marco Cosentino 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe way proliferating animal cells coordinate the growth of their mass, volume, and other relevant size parameters is a long-standing question in biology. Studies focusing on cell mass have identified patterns of mass growth as a function of time and cell cycle phase, but little is known about volume growth. To address this question, we improved our fluorescence exclusion method of volume measurement (FXm) and obtained 1700 single-cell volume growth trajectories of HeLa cells. We find that, during most of the cell cycle, volume growth is close to exponential and proceeds at a higher rate in S-G2 than in G1. Comparing the data with a mathematical model, we establish that the cell-to-cell variability in volume growth arises from constant-amplitude fluctuations in volume steps, rather than fluctuations of the underlying specific growth rate. We hypothesize that such “additive noise” could emerge from the processes that regulate volume adaptation to biophysical cues, such as tension or osmotic pressure.
Human electroencephalography recordings for 1,854 concepts presented in rapid serial visual presentation streams
Authors: Grootswagers Tijl , Zhou Ivy , Robinson Amanda K. , Hebart Martin N. , Carlson Thomas A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe neural basis of object recognition and semantic knowledge has been extensively studied but the high dimensionality of object space makes it challenging to develop overarching theories on how the brain organises object knowledge. To help understand how the brain allows us to recognise, categorise, and represent objects and object categories, there is a growing interest in using large-scale image databases for neuroimaging experiments. In the current paper, we present THINGS-EEG, a dataset containing human electroencephalography responses from 50 subjects to 1,854 object concepts and 22,248 images in the THINGS stimulus set, a manually curated and high-quality image database that was specifically designed for studying human vision. The THINGS-EEG dataset provides neuroimaging recordings to a systematic collection of objects and concepts and can therefore support a wide array of research to understand visual object processing in the human brain.
Drawing in not encouraging away: systemic team formulation to support the trauma-informed care of a lady with intellectual disabilities, in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Gregson Nicola , Delaney Claire 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a case study using a systemic team formulation approach, in the context of supporting a women with intellectual disabilities with a history of trauma.

Design/methodology/approach
A reflective stance is used to describe the process of assessment, hypothesising, formulation and intervention in a single case study design.

Findings
Feedback from care staff suggests that they found a team formulation approach helpful to improve their understanding of the service user they support.

Practical implications
The paper discusses how systemic team formulation can draw on trauma-informed care principles in the context of supporting an individual with an intellectual disability. Future research should aim to replicate the approach for findings to be applied more broadly. COVID-19 has meant clinical working has had to be adapted, clinicians should carefully consider how collaborative and meaningful work can continue to be facilitated within the current parameters.

Originality/value
This case study contributes to the literature in the use of systemic team formulation interventions within an intellectual disability context, drawing on trauma-informed care principles and reflecting on adapted working within the COVID-19 pandemic.
Why do micro-businesses hesitate to “grow up”?
Authors: Hieu Le Quang , Van Vu Hong , Doanh Nguyen Khanh 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study analyzes the factors that affect the decisions of micro-businesses to switch to enterprises in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam.Design/methodology/approachIn order to explain the behavior of micro-businesses in switching to enterprises, the authors designed a questionnaire and collected survey data from 404 micro-businesses. The generalized structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the structured model with the dichotomous dependent variable.FindingsFirst, the behavior of micro-businesses to switch was indirectly affected by needs and directly affected by attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm and institutional quality. Second, the subjective norms exerted the most influence on the behavior of the micro-businesses in switching. This finding implies that (1) the behavior of the micro-businesses depended on the assessments, perceptions and views of their friends, relatives and colleagues, and (2) the behavior to switch stems mainly from the desire to improve the businesses' position in society. Finally, both formal and informal institutions play an essential role in the behavior of the micro-businesses to switch to enterprises.Originality/valueThere have been no previous studies that have applied structured models to test the behavior of micro-businesses to switch to enterprises. Furthermore, previous studies had mainly addressed the psychological factors or needs of micro-businesses. In this study, apart from the above factors, the authors discuss the impact of institutions on the behavior of micro-businesses to switch.
When does emotional intelligence (EI) benefit team-member exchange? The cross-level moderating role of EI-based leader-member exchange differentiation
Authors: Zhao Di , Cai Wenjun 
Published: June 2021

PurposeEmotional intelligence (EI) is deemed important in developing interpersonal relationships. However, in the development of team-member exchange (TMX), the effect of EI on TMX and the team context have been largely ignored. For filling these gaps, this study explores the effect of employee EI on employee TMX and introduces EI-based leader-member exchange (LMX) differentiation as a team context to moderate the EI-TMX relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were drawn from 51 teams (consisting of 293 followers and 51 team leaders) selected from 30 companies (across the industries of technology, real estate, commerce and manufacturing).FindingsResults revealed that employee EI was positively related to employee TMX. EI acted as the basis of LMX differentiation (EI was positively related to LMX, EI variety was positively associated with LMX differentiation), and EI-based LMX differentiation acted as a favorable context for high-EI employees to develop high-quality TMX.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of EI’s significant and complex influence on interpersonal exchange relationships between leaders, followers and coworkers.
Crises conducting stakeholder salience: shifts in the evolution of private universities’ governance in Latin America
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Maria Alejandra , Cordova Miguel , Hermans Michel , Nava-Aguirre Karla Maria , Monje-Cueto Fabiola , Mingo Santiago , Tobon Santiago , Rodriguez Carlos Adrian , Salvaj Erica Helena , Floriani Dinorá Eliete 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to build on embedded approaches to stakeholder management and examines how organizational decision-makers consider social responsibility toward proximal stakeholders in crises that encompass an entire system of stakeholder relationships.Design/methodology/approachWithin a criterion-based sample of eight Latin American private universities, this paper develops in-depth exploratory case studies to examine the prioritization of stakeholders in higher education institutions’ decision-making during the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis.FindingsContrary to the notion that during crises organizations prioritize stakeholders that provide resources that are critical to survival, this study finds that in contextual crises stakeholder management is informed by social responsibility. In addition, the findings suggest that crises may be tipping points for changes toward mission-driven approaches to governance.Practical implicationsAcknowledging the roles of social responsibility and proximity in stakeholder management during contextual crises allows for more informed governance of organizations that face disruptions in their system of stakeholder relations.Originality/valueThis study contributes unique insights into the decision-maker’s prioritization of stakeholders during the COVID-19 crisis. The uncertainty associated with the emerging “new normal” allowed for an extreme test of socially embedded versus resource-oriented approaches to stakeholder management.