bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact ofMycoplasma ovipneumoniaeon juvenile bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) survival in the northern Basin and Range ecosystem
Authors: Spaan Robert S. , Epps Clinton W. , Crowhurst Rachel , Whittaker Donald , Cox Mike , Duarte Adam 
Published: January 2021

Determining the demographic impacts of wildlife disease is complex because extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of survival, reproduction, body condition, and other factors that may interact with disease vary widely.Mycoplasma ovipneumoniaeinfection has been linked to persistent mortality in juvenile bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), although mortality appears to vary widely across subspecies, populations, and outbreaks. Hypotheses for that variation range from interactions with nutrition, population density, genetic variation in the pathogen, genetic variation in the host, and other factors. We investigated factors related to survival of juvenile bighorn sheep in reestablished populations in the northern Basin and Range ecosystem, managed as the formerly-recognized California subspecies (hereafter, “California lineage”). We investigated whether survival probability of 4-month juveniles would vary by (1) presence ofM. ovipneumoniae-infected or exposed individuals in populations, (2) population genetic diversity, and (3) an index of forage suitability. We monitored 121 juveniles across a 3-year period in 13 populations in southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada. We observed each juvenile and GPS-collared mother semi-monthly and established 4-month capture histories for the juvenile to estimate survival. All collared adult females were PCR-tested at least once forM. ovipneumoniaeinfection. The presence ofM. ovipneumoniae-infected juveniles was determined by observing juvenile behavior and PCR-testing dead juveniles. We used a known-fate model with different time effects to determine if the probability of survival to 4 months varied temporally or was influenced by disease or other factors. We detected dead juveniles infected withM. ovipneumoniaein only two populations. Derived juvenile survival probability at four months in populations where infected juveniles were not detected was more than 20 times higher. Detection of infected adults or adults with antibody levels suggesting prior exposure was less predictive of juvenile survival. Survival varied temporally but was not strongly influenced by population genetic diversity or nutrition, although genetic diversity within most study area populations was very low. We conclude that the presence ofM. ovipneumoniaecan cause extremely low juvenile survival probability in translocated bighorn populations of the California lineage, but found little influence that genetic diversity or nutrition affect juvenile survival. Yet, after the PCR+ adult female in one population died, subsequent observations found 11 of 14 ( 79%) collared adult females had surviving juveniles at 4-months, suggesting that targeted removals of infected adults should be evaluated as a management strategy.
Effect of Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) fruit extract on H2O2-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses in normal fibroblast cells
Authors: Zglińska Klara , Niemiec Tomasz , Łozicki Andrzej , Matusiewicz Magdalena , Szczepaniak Jarosław , Puppel Kamila , Kutwin Marta , Jaworski Slawomir , Rygało-Galewska Anna , Koczoń Piotr 
Published: January 2021

Background
Elaeagnus umbellata is a plant commonly used in traditional Asian medicine for its many health benefits and strong antioxidative activity. Its therapeutic potential is believed to be connected to its effect on fibroblasts. This study aimed to investigate E. umbellata methanol-acetone extract’s (EUE) defense against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced fibroblast damage.

Methods
Because the main biologically active compounds of E. umbellata are water-insoluble, we evaluated the effects of methanol-acetone fruit extracts using liquid chromatography (for ascorbic acid and beta-carotene) and spectrophotometry (for lycopene and total phenolics). The extract’s antioxidative activity was measured using DPPH radical inhibition, and EUE’s effect on human fibroblasts was also evaluated. We assessed the metabolic activity and apoptosis of HFFF-2 fibroblasts exposed to EUE and/or H2O2using the XTT test and flow cytometry, respectively. Superoxide dismutase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated using colorimetric and fluorometric assays, respectively. We measured pro-inflammatory cytokine (MIF, fractalkine, MCP-4, BLC, GCP-2, NAP-2, Eotaxin-2, and Eotaxin-3) expression in HFFF-2 cells using immunocytochemistry.

Result
The extract increased HFFF-2 cell proliferation and reduced cell death caused by H2O2-induced stress. H2O2-treated fibroblasts had greater ROS production than cells treated with both H2O2 and EUE. Additionally, the group treated with H2O2 alone showed higher pro-inflammatory cytokine (MIF, MCP-4, NAP-2, Eotaxin-2, and Eotaxin-3) expression.

Conclusion
EUE protected human fibroblasts from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and reduced the fibroblast-mediated inflammatory response triggered by ROS.
Housing, family, and life‐course in post‐growth Japan
Authors: Hirayama Yosuke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe state‐guided housing system in Japan during the “post‐war growth period” has consistently driven the expansion of the family‐owned housing sector, in association with an increase in independent nuclear households. Nevertheless, Japan entered a “post‐growth era” in the 1990s, characterized by a more precarious economy, aging population, and policy shifts toward a more neoliberal course. People's housing paths have since noticeably diverged, in relation to both individualization and familization in life‐courses. However, government housing policy has remained directed toward family home ownership while excluding unmarried individuals, one‐person households, and renter households. This is beginning to widen social inequalities. Using the case of post‐growth Japan, this study focuses on the roles that individualization and familization play in reshaping housing paths, and examines the extent to which home‐owning societies centered on conventional nuclear households are sustainable.
Recent Advances in Cross‐Dehydrogenative Couplings (CDC) of C−H Bond in Aqueous Media
Authors: Peng Kang , Dong Zhi‐Bing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo develop highly efficient synthetic reactions is quite important in organic chemistry. Cross dehydrogenative couplings (CDC) utilize C−H bonds of substrates to construct new C−X (X=C, S, O, N, P) bonds. For CDC, the pre‐functionalization of reaction substrates can be avoided and the C−X (X=C, S, O, N, P) bonds can be newly formed by simple and efficient synthesis routes. Meanwhile, water is increasingly used as a substitute for organic solvents in cross‐dehydrogenative coupling because of its rich content, non‐toxicity, and non‐ flammability. In recent years, organic chemists are devoted their efforts to explore the cross dehydrogenative couplings (CDC) in aqueous phase which feature high atom utilization rate and environmental friendliness. Herein, we summarized the recent advances in the construction of C−C, C−S, C−O, C−N, and C−P bonds through CDC reactions of C−H bonds in water.magnified image
Catalyst and Additive‐Free Selective Ring‐Opening Selenocyanation of Heterocycles with Elemental Selenium and TMSCN
Authors: Lu Li‐Guo , Bi Kang , Huang Xiao‐Bo , Liu Miao‐Chang , Zhou Yun‐Bing , Wu Hua‐Yue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA catalyst and additive‐free strategy for selective ring‐opening selenocyanation of saturated heterocycles with elemental selenium and TMSCN is developed, affording a series of aliphatic selenocyanates and selenaheterocycles. In the case of unprotected unstrained N‐heterocycles, the reactions offer ammonium selenonitriles that prove to be an efficient selenonitrile reagent.magnified image
Synthesis of Difluorinated Dihydrobenzo[de]chromenes via Rh(III)‐Catalysed C‐H Couplings of 1‐Naphthols with Gem‐Difluoromethylene Alkynes
Authors: Li Liping , Zhong Xiuhua , Xu Jiali , Gao Hui , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Rh(III)‐catalysed C−H couplings of 1‐naphthols with gem‐difluoromethylene alkynes have been realized for the direct construction of difluorinated dihydrobenzo[de]chromenes with broad substrate/functional group compatibility and good regio‐/chemoselectivity and in an atom‐economic manner. The unique fluorine effects account for the unconventional reaction path involving intramolecular 1,3‐hydrogen migration process to afford the exo‐methylene fragment.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones from Trifluoroacetimidoyl Chlorides and Nitro Compounds
Authors: Wang Le‐Cheng , Zhang Yu , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA procedure on palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative reaction of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and nitro compounds for the construction of pharmaceutically valuable 2‐(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones has been achieved. In this transformation, Mo(CO)6 has been used both as a convenient CO source and a reducing reagent. This newly developed protocol is compatible with various nitro compounds and can be readily scaled up to 1 mmol scale.magnified image
Analyzing strategic entrepreneurial choices in agriculture—Empirical evidence from Germany
Authors: Graskemper Viktoria , Yu Xiaohua , Feil Jan‐Henning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEntrepreneurship in agriculture is a phenomenon that is growing in importance with the changing framework conditions for agricultural production and has led to heterogeneity in farm business development paths. To understand this phenomenon better, a classification scheme for strategic entrepreneurial choices in agriculture is developed for family farmers. The choices that are scrutinized are reduction, continuation, expansion, diversification, and the dual strategy of expansion and diversification. Each farmer is uniquely assigned to one of these choice classes according to their implemented entrepreneurial activities. Determinants influencing these choices are investigated with a multinomial logit model. The data are derived from a quantitative survey among German farmers (N = 745). Strong effects are observable within the area of personal factors; creativity and risk affinity benefit entrepreneurial strategies connected with diversification. Farmers with a third‐level education qualification are less likely to follow expansion strategies, and those with off‐farm employment and risk‐averse farmers mainly choose a reduction strategy. Family involvement, especially the farmer's spouse, proves to have stabilizing and even enhancing effects on certain strategies. Implications for policymakers and actors within the agricultural sector can thus be derived.
The consistency of individual centrality across time and networks in wild vervet monkeys
Authors: Canteloup Charlotte , Puga‐Gonzalez Ivan , Sueur Cédric , van de Waal Erica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrevious primate social network studies largely limited their focus to grooming and/or aggression networks, particularly among adult females. In addition, the consistency of individuals' network centrality across time and/or different networks has received little attention, despite this being critical for a global understanding of dynamic social structure. Here, we analyzed the grooming, aggression, and play social networks of a group of 26–28 wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), including adults and juveniles, over two periods of 6 months. We collected data on grooming, play, and aggression using focal animal sampling with instantaneous recording and ad libitum sampling. We examined whether individuals' network centralities were consistent over the two periods and across networks, as well as the effect of age, sex, and dominance rank on three individual centrality metrics in each network and within each study period. We found that individuals were quite consistent in their network position from 1 year to the next despite changes in group composition. However, their network centralities were not correlated across networks, except for Strength and weighted Eigenvector centrality between grooming and aggression networks. We also found that in the aggression network, high‐rankers showed the highest centrality in most network metrics (e.g., Degree, Strength, and Eigenvector centrality) and compared to males, females were most central in 2017 but not in 2018. In the grooming network, high‐ranking females had the highest Eigenvector centrality, whereas in the play network, juvenile males had the highest Eigenvector centrality. Our findings corroborate previous findings on vervet monkeys. In addition, they show that individuals' network centralities may vary among networks and over time; thus highlighting the effect of sociodemographics and behaviors' functions on the group level dynamics of social behavior.
Generation of N‐particle W State with Trapped Λ‐Type Ions by Transitionless Quantum Driving
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Zhi‐Cheng , Song Jie , Xia Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn efficient scheme to generate multiparticle W state based on transitionless quantum driving (TQD) with trapped ions is proposed. In the TQD scheme, the effective Hamiltonian can be obtained with the help of quantum Zeno dynamics and large off‐resonance condition, and the multiparticle W state can be generated with high fidelity. The influence of decoherence induced by the ionic spontaneous emission and the ambient heating, and the sensitivity of the TQD scheme to some experimental errors are discussed by numerical simulation. The result demonstrates that the TQD scheme is faster than that only via the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and robust against decoherence and operation imperfection.
Terahertz Polarization Conversion in an Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT)‐Like Metamaterial
Authors: Yang Tian , Liu Xiaoming , Zhou Ji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a unique metamaterial (MM) design incorporating both electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect and polarization conversion is proposed. It consists of a cut‐wire as a bright resonator and a side coupled split‐ring resonator (SRR) as a dark resonator, on the one hand, the dark resonator can be excited by the bright resonator via the magnetic near‐field coupling, thereby contributing to a strong cross‐polarization conversion. On the other hand, the destructive interference between the sub‐radiant (dark) SRR and the super‐radiant (bright) cut‐wire results in an EIT effect. Benefiting from the destructive interference between the radiative and dark elements in the EIT MM, radiation loss is greatly suppressed and nearly perfect cross‐polarization conversion with high transmission and low‐loss is realized. In addition, the importance of symmetry is demonstrated by the phenomenon of polarization conversion and EIT effects disappearing when an identical cut‐wire is placed on the other side of the SRR. The proposed MM design provides a new way to address the loss problem in MM polarization devices. More importantly, this design principle of taking advantage of one area to solve the challenges in others may inspire new high‐performance multifunctional MM designs.
Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO2: An Organometallic Perspective
Authors: Kinzel Niklas W. , Werlé Christophe , Leitner Walter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
Using geophysical survey as a tool for resolving issues of the structure of the built‐up area of the early medieval centre at Pohansko near Břeclav, Czech Republic
Authors: Prišťáková Michaela , Milo Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarly medieval strongholds are a significant phenomenon in the archaeology of East Central Europe, as they mirror the political and socio‐economic changes occurring towards the end of the Early Middle Ages. This contribution is concerned with the site of Břeclav‐Pohansko (Czech Republic), which graphically illustrates the rise and fall of the Moravian principality during its short existence from the second half of the 9th to the beginning of the 10th century. The site has been systematically excavated over more than 60 years. The excavation work has been accompanied by numerous geophysical surveys. Based on comparing previous knowledge of settlement on the site and the results of magnetic prospection, we evaluated similarities and differences in the central district of the stronghold using statistics and spatial analysis. Upon analysis of the success rate of the applied geophysical method, we present the resulting model of the settlement structure. The results confirm that the structure of the built‐up area in the central district at Pohansko follows an original pattern which has no analogues in the Central Danubian region in the given period.
Assessing Recent Efforts and the Future of Water Loss Control in the Tar Heel State
Authors: Blackwell Drew 
Published: January 2021

Key TakeawaysPassage of the 2008 Drought Management Act provided momentum for North Carolina's water loss control efforts; AWWA Manual M36 and the AWWA water audit formed the foundation.Partnering groups tested a state pilot program to determine how small and medium‐sized utilities might benefit from using accepted best practices and tools for their own water loss control plans.It's all too easy to put the past behind us when a drought ends, so water utilities bear the responsibility of making water resource management a constant priority and educating the public.
Randomized ‐values for multiple testing and their application in replicability analysis
Authors: Hoang Anh‐Tuan , Dickhaus Thorsten 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe are concerned with testing replicability hypotheses for many endpoints simultaneously. This constitutes a multiple test problem with composite null hypotheses. Traditional ‐values, which are computed under least favorable parameter configurations (LFCs), are over‐conservative in the case of composite null hypotheses. As demonstrated in prior work, this poses severe challenges in the multiple testing context, especially when one goal of the statistical analysis is to estimate the proportion of true null hypotheses. Randomized ‐values have been proposed to remedy this issue. In the present work, we discuss the application of randomized ‐values in replicability analysis. In particular, we introduce a general class of statistical models for which valid, randomized ‐values can be calculated easily. By means of computer simulations, we demonstrate that their usage typically leads to a much more accurate estimation of than the LFC‐based approach. Finally, we apply our proposed methodology to a real data example from genomics.
Case report of unilateral retrobulbar hematoma associated with von Willebrand disease in a Doberman Pinscher dog
Authors: Barbry Jean‐Baptiste , Poinsard Anne‐Sophie , Bouzouraa Tarek , Durand Alexane , Balland Olivier 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 5‐year‐old Doberman Pinscher dog was presented with sudden onset left‐sided periocular bleeding following third eyelid gland replacement surgery. Left‐sided exophthalmos and 360‐degrees subconjunctival hemorrhage were present. The ophthalmic examination revealed blindness with absent direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes. A superficial exposure ulcerative keratitis due to exophthalmos was also present. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large left‐sided retrobulbar mass lesion surrounding the optic nerve, compatible with a retrobulbar hematoma. Due to absence of orbital fractures and no history of trauma, a coagulopathy was strongly suspected. The buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) was prolonged (>4 minutes) consistent with a primary hemostatic defect in the absence of thrombocytopenia. Von Willebrand factor antigens levels were decreased (24%‐ Normal Range: 50%‐150%). Surgical drainage of the retrobulbar hematoma was performed uneventfully thirty minutes after subcutaneous injection of desmopressine acetate, Minirin® (1 µg/kg, SC). Von Willebrand disease type I gene mutation was confirmed by PCR amplification of the DNA encoding von Willebrand factor. This case report demonstrates that hemostatic disorders, including von Willebrand Disease (vWD), are a risk factor for orbital bleeding following surgical trauma. Retrobulbar hematoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in any dog with exophthalmos.
Lumbar hernia diagnosed after laparoscopic hiatal hernia surgery
Authors: Kiam Jian Shen , Lam Stephen , Crane Jasmine , Kumar Bhaskar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe presence of a new lumbar swelling or pain in the postoperative period following laparoscopic surgery should raise the suspicion of a lumbar hernia. Cross‐sectional imaging can be used to establish an early diagnosis to enable successful management.
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma of bone with rare WWTR1‐FOSB fusion gene: Case report and literature review
Authors: Murshed Khaled A. , Torres‐Mora Jorge , ElSayed Ahmed Mounir , Ammar Adham , Al‐Bozom Issam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma rarely arises in bone. WWTR1‐FOSB fusion gene is rarely reported in PMHE of bone. Currently, fusion genes can be used as diagnostic markers in PMHE; however, their prognostic and therapeutic significance is unclear.
A Spectroscopic Study of Supported‐Phosphate‐Catalysts (SPCs): Evidence of Surface‐mediated Hydrogen‐Transfer
Authors: Kiani Daniyal , Baltrusaitis Jonas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSupported‐phosphate‐catalysts (SPCs) are a versatile class of heterogeneous materials used in various industrially relevant processes including Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3, and Guerbet reaction of C2H5OH to n‐C4H9OH. Herein, model SPCs synthesized by impregnating various supports with phosphoric acid were studied using in‐situ chemical probe temperature‐programmed‐desorption infrared spectroscopy. Hydroxylation of the catalyst surface was observed during the temperature ramp on all SPCs. This behavior was not observed on the bare supports during identical experiments. The results indicate that hydroxylation of the surface occurs via sacrificial hydrogen‐transfer reaction, where the chemical probe (NH3 or C2H5OH) can be utilized as the hydrogen‐donor. Results herein also show that the extent and the rate of hydrogen‐transfer reaction depend on the identity of the support, phosphate loading, and identity of the hydrogen‐donor molecule. Surface Brønsted acid sites (P−OH) do not contribute to the reaction and P=O surface sites are proposed as the active sites for the observed hydrogen‐transfer. Based on the current work, it is suggested that any catalytic reaction that involves hydrogenation over phosphate‐promoted or phosphate‐based catalysts needs to account for the surface‐mediated hydrogen‐transfer capability of the phosphate sites in the overall reaction mechanism.