bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TIGHT UNIVERSAL TRIANGULAR FORMS
Authors: KIM MINGYU 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor a subset S of nonnegative integers and a vector
$\mathbf {a}=(a_1,\ldots ,a_k)$
of positive integers, define the set
$V^{\prime }_S(\mathbf {a})=\{ a_1s_1+\cdots +a_ks_k : s_i\in S\}-\{0\}$
. For a positive integer n, let
$\mathcal T(n)$
be the set of integers greater than or equal to n. We consider the problem of finding all vectors
$\mathbf {a}$
satisfying
$V^{\prime }_S(\mathbf {a})=\mathcal T(n)$
when S is the set of (generalised) m-gonal numbers and n is a positive integer. In particular, we completely resolve the case when S is the set of triangular numbers.
Effects of dietary eucommia ulmoides leaf extract on growth performance, expression of feeding-related genes, activities of digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity, immunity and cytokines expression of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae
Authors: Huang Wenxing , Yao Chuanwei , Liu Yongtao , Xu Ning , Yin Zhaoyang , Xu Wenxuan , Miao Youqing , Mai Kang Sen , Ai Qinghui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 30-d feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of dietary eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on growth performance, activities of digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity, immunity, expression of inflammatory factors and feeding-related genes of large yellow croaker larvae. Five micro-diets were formulated with supplementation of 0 g kg−1 (the control), 5 g kg−1 (0·5 %), 10 g kg−1 (1·0 %) and 20 g kg−1 (2·0 %) of ELE, respectively. Results showed that the best growth performance was found in larvae fed the diet with 1·0 % ELE. Furthermore, ELE supplementation significantly increased the npy expression at 1·0 % dosage, while increased ghrelin in larvae at 0·5 % dosages. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase in larvae fed the diet with 1·0 % ELE was significantly higher than the control, while alkaline phosphatase was significantly upregulated in larvae fed the diet with 2·0 % ELE. A clear increase in total antioxidant capacity in larvae fed the diet with 1·0 % ELE was observed, whereas catalase activity was significantly higher in 1·0 % and 2·0 % ELE supplementation compared with the control. Larvae fed the diet with 1·0 % ELE had a significantly higher activities of lysozyme, total nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide content than the control. Moreover, transcriptional levels of cox-2, il-1β and il-6 were remarkably downregulated by the supplementation of 0·5–1·0 % ELE. This study demonstrated that the supplementation of 1·0 % ELE in diet could increase the growth performance of large yellow croaker larvae probably by promoting expression of feeding-related genes, enhancing antioxidant capacity and immunity and inhibiting expression of inflammatory factors.
Psychotherapy for comorbid depression and somatic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miguel Clara , Karyotaki Eirini , Ciharova Marketa , Cristea Ioana A. , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of depression in patients with somatic disorders is crucial, given its negative impact on quality of life (QoL), functioning, and even on the somatic disease prognosis. We aimed to examine the most updated evidence on the effects of psychotherapy in patients with depression and somatic disorders, including HIV, oncological, cardiometabolic, and neurological disorders.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of 75 randomized trials (8209 participants) of psychotherapy for adults with somatic disorders and a diagnosis or elevated symptoms of depression. Outcomes included depression, QoL, somatic health-related outcomes, and mortality.ResultsPsychotherapy significantly reduced the severity of depression at post-treatment across all categories of somatic disorders (Hedges'g = 0.65; 95% CI 0.52–0.79), with sustained effects at 6–11 months (g = 0.38; 95% CI 0.22–0.53) and at 12 months follow-up or longer (g = 0.13; 95% CI 0.04–0.21). Psychotherapy also showed significant effects on QoL (g = 0.26; 95% CI 0.17–0.35), maintained up to 11 months follow-up (g = 0.25; 95% CI 0.16–0.34). No significant effects were observed on the most frequently reported somatic health-related outcomes (glycemic control, pain), and neither on mortality. Heterogeneity in most analyses was very high, and only 29 (38%) trials were rated at low risk of bias (RoB).ConclusionsPsychotherapy may be an effective treatment option for patients with depression and somatic disorders, with long-term effects on depression severity and QoL. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity and RoB.
A new gap-based obstacle avoidance approach: follow the obstacle circle method
Authors: Houshyari Hosein , Sezer Volkan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the most challenging tasks for autonomous robots is avoiding unexpected obstacles during their path following operation. Follow the gap method (FGM) is one of the most popular obstacle avoidance algorithms that recursively guides the robot to the goal state by considering the angle to the goal point and the distance to the closest obstacles. It selects the largest gap around the robot, where the gap angle is calculated by the vector to the midpoint of the largest gap. In this paper, a novel obstacle avoidance procedure is developed and applied to a real fully autonomous wheelchair. This proposed algorithm improves the FGM’s travel safety and brings a new solution to the obstacle avoidance task. In the proposed algorithm, the largest gap is selected based on gap width. Moreover, the avoidance angle (similar to the gap center angle of FGM) is calculated considering the locus of the equidistant points from obstacles that create obstacle circles. Monte Carlo simulations are used to test the proposed algorithm, and according to the results, the new procedure guides the robot to safer trajectories compared with classical FGM. The real experimental test results are in parallel to the simulations and show the real-time performance of the proposed approach.
Medical Experiences from a Consular Repatriation and Evacuation Operation from Afghanistan in August 2021: A Field Report
Authors: Hugelius Karin , Kurland Lisa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFollowing the Taliban influx in August 2021, several Western countries repatriated nationals and evacuated others from Kabul Airport in Afghanistan. This report aimed to describe medical experiences from the consular repatriation and evacuation operation.Memos from personal conversations with seven professionals involved in these operations formed the basis for this report.Minor trauma, gastrointestinal symptoms, dehydration, fever, and mental distress were common. Bandages, oral rehydration solution, and the administration of paracetamol were needed, in addition to medical evaluation of acuity. In consular repatriation and humanitarian evacuations, medical attendance should be prioritized to manage medical needs of individuals being evacuated, but also from a public health perspective. The medical needs covered a broad specter of infection disease symptoms, trauma, and mental health problems among patients of all ages. Since the nature of consular repatriations and evacuations can be challenging from safety and infrastructural aspects, general medical emergency awareness with an ability to effectively evaluate and manage both somatic and mental health emergencies on the ground and in the air, among both children and adults, is needed.
Associations between farmers’ market shopping behaviours and objectively measured and self-reported fruit and vegetable intake in a diverse sample of farmers’ market shoppers: a cross-sectional study in New York City and rural North Carolina
Authors: Kelley Casey J , Hanson Karla L , Marshall Grace A , Volpe Leah C , Jilcott Pitts Stephanie , Rafferty Ann P , Seguin-Fowler Rebecca A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine cross-sectional associations between farmers’ market shopping behaviours and objectively measured and self-reported fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among rural North Carolina (NC) and New York City (NYC) shoppers.Design:Cross-sectional intercept surveys were used to assess self-reported FV intake and three measures of farmers’ market shopping behaviour: (1) frequency of purchasing FV; (2) variety of FV purchased and (3) dollars spent on FV. Skin carotenoids, a non-invasive biomarker for FV intake, were objectively measured using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy. Associations between farmers’ market shopping behaviours and FV intake were examined using regression models that controlled for demographic variables (e.g. age, sex, race, smoking status, education, income and state).Setting:Farmers’ markets (n 17 markets) in rural NC and NYC.Participants:A convenience sample of 645 farmers’ market shoppers.Results:Farmers’ market shoppers in NYC purchased a greater variety of FV and had higher skin carotenoid scores compared with shoppers in rural NC. Among all shoppers, there was a positive, statistically significant association between self-reported frequency of shopping at farmers’ markets and self-reported as well as objectively assessed FV intake. The variety of FV purchased and farmers’ market spending on FV also were positively associated with self-reported FV intake, but not skin carotenoids.Conclusion:Those who shop for FV more frequently at a farmers’ markets, purchase a greater variety of FV and spend more money on FV have higher self-reported, and in some cases higher objectively measured FV intake. Further research is needed to understand these associations and test causality.
A Survey of the Proof-Theoretic Foundations of Logic Programming
Authors: MILLER DALE 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeveral formal systems, such as resolution and minimal model semantics, provide a framework for logic programming. In this article, we will survey the use ofstructural proof theoryas an alternative foundation. Researchers have been using this foundation for the past 35 years to elevate logic programming from its roots in first-order classical logic into higher-order versions of intuitionistic and linear logic. These more expressive logic programming languages allow for capturing stateful computations and rich forms of abstractions, including higher-order programming, modularity, and abstract data types. Term-level bindings are another kind of abstraction, and these are given an elegant and direct treatment within both proof theory and these extended logic programming languages. Logic programming has also inspired new results in proof theory, such as those involving polarity and focused proofs. These recent results provide a high-level means for presenting the differences between forward-chaining and backward-chaining style inferences. Anchoring logic programming in proof theory has also helped identify its connections and differences with functional programming, deductive databases, and model checking.
A polycentric approach for pandemic governance: nested externalities and co-production challenges
Authors: Paniagua Pablo , Rayamajhee Veeshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolitical economists assume that global externalities, such as pandemics and climate change, require global or multi-national solutions. Yet, many aspects of these externalities can be addressed at the micro-level. As Elinor Ostrom pointed out, what scholars perceive as global externalities are in fact nested externalities that are organized in multiple, overlapping scales. By drawing on Ostrom's oeuvre, we explore the notions of nested externalities, polycentricity, and co-production in the context of pandemic governance. We highlight two crucial features of pandemics: first, preventative measures such as social distancing are co-production processes that cannot be provided by governments alone. Second, pandemics, much like climate change, pose nested externalities problems at different levels. Thus, pandemic externalities are better viewed as collective action problems arranged at multiple, nested, and/or overlapping scales. Finally, we propose an alternative institutional take that considers the nestedness of pandemic externalities and the diversity in institutional conditions across jurisdictions.
Five‐Year Analysis of Evaposublimation Characteristics and Its Role on Surface Energy Balance SEB on a Midlatitude Continental Glacier
Authors: Guo Shuhai , Chen Rensheng , Han Chuntan , Liu Junfeng , Wang Xiqiang , Liu Guohua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a principal pathway of moisture loss of cryosphere, the sublimation of snow or ice needs to absorb a high amount of energy to complete the phase transition, while related researches on how sublimation affects surface energy balance (SEB) are still insufficient, causing unclear conclusions. To characterize the seasonal variation of a mountain glacier's sublimation or evaporation and analysis its role on SEB, the meteorological and glaciological data over five‐year measurement period (2016–2020) were obtained on the top of August‐one glacier. In the non‐melt period of a year (January–May and October–December), sensible heat flux H was the dominant energy contributor to glacier surface (76%), followed by net radiation Rnet (22%). Sublimation removed average 85 mm (0.4 mm/day) of water vapor from surface for the dry and windy weather, and the latent heat flux of sublimation LEE accounted for 33% of energy sinks (67% of energy was stored in the glacier Qs). In the melt period (June–September), evaposublimation (mainly composed of evaporation) reached to 36 mm (0.3 mm/day), but LEE only played a small heat sink (14%) and the Qm (the energy for melting) had the largest proportion (70%). Rnet and H contributed 81% and 15% of surface energy, respectively. Obviously, under the global climate warming, the sublimation of non‐melt period seems to be effective in decrease the heating rate of glacier surface.
The 2019–2020 Khalili (Iran) Earthquake Sequence—Anthropogenic Seismicity in the Zagros Simply Folded Belt?
Authors: Jamalreyhani Mohammadreza , Pousse‐Beltran Léa , Büyükakpınar Pınar , Cesca Simone , Nissen Edwin , Ghods Abdolreza , López‐Comino José Ángel , Rezapour Mehdi , Najafi Mahdi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate the origin of a long‐lived earthquake cluster in the Fars arc of the Zagros Simply Folded Belt that is colocated with the major Shanul natural gas field. The cluster emerged in January 2019 and initially comprised small events of Mn ∼ 3–4. It culminated on 9 June 2020 with a pair of Mw 5.4 and 5.7 earthquakes, which was followed by >100 aftershocks. We assess the spatiotemporal evolution of the earthquake sequence using multiple event hypocenter relocations, waveform inversions, and Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements and models. We find that the early part of the sequence is spatially distinct from the 9 June 2020 earthquakes and their aftershocks. Moment tensors, centroid depths, and source parameter uncertainties of 15 of the largest (Mn ≥ 4.0) events show that the sequence is dominated by reverse faulting at shallow depths (mostly ≤4 km) within the sedimentary cover. InSAR modeling shows that the Mw 5.7 mainshock occurred at depths of 2–8 km with a rupture length and maximum slip of ∼20 km and ∼0.5 m, respectively. Our results suggest that the 2019–2020 Khalili earthquake sequence was likely influenced by operation of the Shanul field, though elevated natural seismicity in the Zagros makes the association difficult to prove. Understanding how to distinguish man‐made from natural seismicity is helpful for hazard and risk assessment, notably in the Zagros, which is both seismically active and rich in oil and gas reserves.
Ionization Efficiency in the Dayside Ionosphere of Mars: Structure and Variability
Authors: Lillis Robert J. , Xu Shaosui , Mitchell David , Thiemann Ed , Eparvier Frank , Benna Mehdi , Elrod Meredith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIonization efficiency, the ratio between photoelectron impact ionization and primary photoionization, is an important quantity from the perspective of ionospheric energy balance and as a quantity to be parameterized for use in global simulations. We investigate ionization efficiency using MAVEN in situ measurements of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux, suprathermal electron flux, and neutral density. Its behavior with respect to pressure and solar zenith angle (SZA) is explained by ionization cross‐sections and photoabsorption, plus photoelectron transport near the terminator. We find similar ionization efficiencies between the species CO2, O, N2, and CO, with Argon ∼40% higher, explained largely by its higher ionization potential. Efficiency depends positively on solar activity, increasing by ∼50–100% (depending on season) from low to moderate solar EUV levels, before flattening at higher EUV levels. EUV spectral hardening appears to be responsible for only ∼15% of this increase, the remainder best explained by variability in neutral composition. We find a negligible dependence of ionization efficiency on the strength and direction of crustal magnetic fields. Efficiencies agree poorly with the theoretical model of Nicholson et al. (2009),https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15463.x, possibly reflecting differences in model versus measured solar EUV spectrum and neutral densities. We fit the data to the empirical parameterization of Mendillo et al. (2011),https://doi.org/10.1029/2011ja016865but find that a single fit cannot capture ionization efficiency behavior across all dayside SZA values. We believe that an empirical model of Mars ionization efficiency will require MAVEN data and validated transport modeling to reach to sufficiently high pressures to capture Mars' photochemical peaks M1 and M2.
Morphodynamic Equilibria in Double‐Inlet Systems: Existence and Stability
Authors: Deng X. , Meerman C. , Boelens T. , De Mulder T. , Salles P. , Schuttelaars H. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe existence of morphodynamic equilibria of double‐inlet systems is investigated using a cross‐sectionally averaged morphodynamic model. The number of possible equilibria and their stability strongly depend on the forcing conditions and geometry considered. This is illustrated by considering a rectangular double‐inlet system forced by M2 tidal constituents only. Depending on the M2 amplitudes and phases at both entrances, no equilibrium, one equilibrium or multiple morphodynamic equilibria may exist. In case no equilibrium is found, the minimum water depth becomes zero somewhere in the system, reducing the double‐inlet system to two single‐inlet systems. In the other cases, the location of the minimum water depth and the direction of the tidally‐averaged sediment transport, as well as their actual values, depend strongly on the M2 tidal characteristics. Such parameter sensitivity is also observed when including the residual and M4 forcing contributions to the water motion, and when allowing for width variations. This suggests that, when considering a specific system, the number and stability of morphodynamic equilibria, as well as the characteristics of these quantities, can only be assessed by investigating that specific system in detail. As an example, the Marsdiep‐Vlie inlet system in the Dutch Wadden Sea is considered. It is found that, by using parameter values and a geometry characteristic for this system, the water motion and bathymetry in morphodynamic equilibrium are qualitatively reproduced. Also the direction and order of magnitude of the tidally‐averaged suspended sediment transport compare well with those obtained from a high‐complexity numerical model.
Modeling the Dynamics of Supraglacial Rivers and Distributed Meltwater Flow With the Subaerial Drainage System (SaDS) Model
Authors: Hill Tim , Dow Christine F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMeltwater produced at the surface of glaciers and ice sheets has important implications for basal sliding rates and therefore ice flow velocities. In order to determine the role of supraglacial water in ice dynamics and predict future changes, we first need to understand and be able to accurately predict moulin input rates. To this end, we present the Subaerial Drainage System (SaDS) model. SaDS is a dynamic model that couples supraglacial runoff in the bare‐ice ablation zone in a distributed sheet with flow in discrete channels. Flow in the distributed sheet drives melt through potential energy dissipation, allowing a channel network to form naturally with no prior assumptions about channel locations. We apply the model to a synthetic ice sheet margin and carry out a suite of sensitivity tests. Modeled moulin inputs show expected behaviors including large diurnal variability, multi‐hour lags following peak surface melt, and demonstrate complex and diverse seasonal dynamics. The sensitivity tests illustrate the range of possible model behaviors and constrain the parameter values for which the model predicts physically realistic moulin inputs. We also apply the model to a ∼20 × 27 km2 catchment on the southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet using RACMO melt forcing and previously mapped moulin locations. Modeled supraglacial lake and stream locations match those mapped from Landsat 8 images, and moulin inputs show varied daily and seasonal dynamics. These results demonstrate that the model is a promising tool to provide moulin inputs for subglacial and ice dynamic studies.
Safety and efficacy of thalidomide in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Chen Jiang-Ming , Zhu Wei-Jian , Liu Jie , Wang Gui-Zhen , Chen Xiao-Qin , Tan Yun , Xu Wei-Wei , Qu Li-Wei , Li Jin-Yan , Yang Huan-Ju , Huang Lan , Cai Ning , Wang Wei-Da , Huang Ken , Xu Jian-Quan , Li Guo-Hui , He Sheng , Luo Tian-Ying , Huang Yi , Liu Song-Hua , Wu Wen-Qiang , Lu Qi-Yang , Zhou Mei-Guang , Chen Shu-Ying , Li Rong-Lan , Hu Mei-Ling , Huang Ying , Wei Jin-Hua , Li Jun-Min , Chen Sai-Juan , Zhou Guang-Biao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThalidomide induces γ-globin expression in erythroid progenitor cells, but its efficacy on patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) remains unclear. In this phase 2, multi-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of thalidomide in TDT patients. A hundred patients of 14 years or older were randomly assigned to receive placebo or thalidomide for 12 weeks, followed by an extension phase of at least 36 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change of hemoglobin (Hb) level in the patients. The secondary endpoints included the red blood cell (RBC) units transfused and adverse effects. In the placebo-controlled period, Hb concentrations in patients treated with thalidomide achieved a median elevation of 14.0 (range, 2.5 to 37.5) g/L, whereas Hb in patients treated with placebo did not significantly change. Within the 12 weeks, the mean RBC transfusion volume for patients treated with thalidomide and placebo was 5.4 ± 5.0 U and 10.3 ± 6.4 U, respectively (P < 0.001). Adverse events of drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, pyrexia, sore throat, and rash were more common with thalidomide than placebo. In the extension phase, treatment with thalidomide for 24 weeks resulted in a sustainable increase in Hb concentrations which reached 104.9 ± 19.0 g/L, without blood transfusion. Significant increase in Hb concentration and reduction in RBC transfusions were associated with non β0/β0 and HBS1L-MYB (rs9399137 C/T, C/C; rs4895441 A/G, G/G) genotypes. These results demonstrated that thalidomide is effective in patients with TDT.