bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphopenia and lung complications in patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19): A retrospective study based on clinical data
Authors: Zaboli Ehsan , Majidi Hadi , Alizadeh‐Navaei Reza , Hedayatizadeh‐Omran Akbar , Asgarian‐Omran Hossein , Vahedi Larijani Laleh , Khodaverdi Vahid , Amjadi Omolbanin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA rapid outbreak of novel coronavirus, coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), has made it a global pandemic. This study focused on the possible association between lymphopenia and computed tomography (CT) scan features and COVID‐19 patient mortality. The clinical data of 596 COVID‐19 patients were collected from February 2020 to September 2020. The patients' serological survey and CT scan features were retrospectively explored. The median age of the patients was 56.7 ± 16.4 years old. Lung involvement was more than 50% in 214 COVID‐19 patients (35.9%). The average blood lymphocyte percentage was 20.35 ± 10.16 (normal range, 20%–50%). Although the levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were high in more than 80% of COVID‐19 patients; CRP, ESR, and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) may not indicate the in‐hospital mortality of COVID‐19. Patients with severe lung involvement and lymphopenia were found to be significantly associated with increased odds of death (odds ratio, 9.24; 95% confidence interval, 4.32–19.78). These results indicated that lymphopenia < 20% along with pulmonary involvement >50% impose a multiplicative effect on the risk of mortality. The in‐hospital mortality rate of this group was significantly higher than other COVID‐19 hospitalized cases. Furthermore, they meaningfully experienced a prolonged stay in the hospital (p = .00). Lymphocyte count less than 20% and chest CT scan findings with more than 50% involvement might be related to the patient's mortality. These could act as laboratory and clinical indicators of disease severity, mortality, and outcome.
Homology‐ and cross‐resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum to acid and osmotic stress and the influence of induction conditions on its proliferation by RNA‐Seq
Authors: Wu Jingyi , Yan Xu , Weng Peifang , Chen Gong , Wu Zufang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, homology‐ and cross‐resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum L1 and Lactobacillus plantarum L2 to acid and osmotic stress were investigated. Meanwhile, its proliferation mechanism was demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing. We found that the homologous‐resistance and cross‐resistance of L. plantarum L1 and L. plantarum L2 increased after acid and osmotic induction treatment by lactic acid and sodium lactate solution in advance, and the survival rate of live bacteria was improved. In addition, the count of viable bacteria of L. plantarum L2 significantly increased cultivated at a pH 5.0 with a 15% sodium lactate sublethal treatment, compared with the control group. Further study revealed that genes related to membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and cell growth were significantly upregulated. These findings will contribute to promote high‐density cell culture of starter cultures production in the fermented food industry.
Asian meteorological droughts on three time scales and different roles of sea surface temperature and soil moisture
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Wu Renguang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present study utilizes the standard precipitation index (SPI) to differentiate Asian summer droughts that are associated with variations of precipitation over periods of 3, 9 and 24 months (termed as short‐term, medium‐term and long‐term droughts, respectively). Then, the relationships between these droughts and atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature (SST), and soil moisture are investigated. While the spatial and temporal characteristics of short‐term and medium‐term droughts are fairly similar, long‐term droughts display different spatial and temporal features. The leading spatial mode of short‐term and medium‐term droughts exhibits a dipole pattern with opposite loading north and south of approximately 30°N. The second spatial mode displays a tripole pattern with the same sign of loading over India and north‐northeast China–Mongolia and opposite loading in between. Temporal variations of short‐term and medium‐term droughts are dominated by interannual variabilities. For long‐term droughts, the first two spatial modes switch their order, and the long‐term trends are as important as the interannual and interdecadal variabilities. The droughts of the dipole mode are associated with SST anomalies featuring an El Niño‐like pattern in the tropical Indo‐Pacific Ocean that affect the drought variations through inducing large‐scale divergence and convergence. The interannual variability of the droughts with the dipole mode is also associated with the SST anomalies in the North Atlantic Ocean that affect the North Atlantic‐Eurasian atmospheric circulation. Local soil moisture conditions are more important for the formation of long‐term droughts than short‐term and medium‐term droughts.
Advanced training enhances readiness to return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Meierbachtol Adam , Obermeier Michael , Yungtum William , Bottoms John , Paur Eric , Nelson Bradley J. , Tompkins Marc , Chmielewski Terese L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPatients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are often psychologically and physically under‐prepared for sports participation. This study compared readiness to return to sport based on completion of advanced training after ACLR. Patients with ACLR who self‐selected participation in a 6‐week group‐format advanced training program (TRAINING) were compared to age‐ and sex‐matched patients who did not participate (NoTRAINING). Each group had 23 participants (14 females). Advanced training consisted of plyometric, strengthening, and agility exercises. Baseline and follow‐up testing included psychological measures (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury [ACL‐RSI]; Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia [TSK‐11]; Knee Activity Self‐Efficacy [KASE]; and fear intensity for the primary fear‐evoking task or situation) and a hop test battery. Return to sport criteria were ACL‐RSI score ≥70 points and limb symmetry index ≥90% on all hop tests. At follow‐up, KASE score was higher in TRAINING than NoTRAINING (92.7 vs. 89.1 points; respectively), but ACL‐RSI, TSK‐11 and fear intensity scores were not significantly different between groups. Return to sport criteria passing rate was not significantly different between groups at baseline (TRAINING: 13%, NoTRAINING: 30%) or follow‐up (TRAINING: 52%, NoTRAINING: 43%); however, the distribution of criteria met at follow‐up differed with more patients in TRAINING than NoTRAINING meeting hop test criteria (30% vs. 4%, respectively) and more patients in NoTRAINING than TRAINING failing to meet any criteria (25% vs. 0%, respectively). Advanced training after ACLR facilitated readiness for sport participation by improving confidence and hop performance, but may not have a preferential effect on fear.
Unique ion filter—A data reduction tool for chemometric analysis of raw comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry data
Authors: Adutwum Lawrence A. , Kwao Joanna Koryo , Harynuk James J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComprehensive gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry is a powerful tool in the analysis of complex samples. Chemometric analysis of raw chromatographic data is more useful in one‐ and two‐dimensional separations relative to peak tables. The data volume from such experiments generally necessitates the use of data reduction tools. Such tools often sacrifice some of the multivariate information in the mass to charge ratio dimension. The unique ion filter reduces the over‐redundancy in two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry data by limiting the data to a few unique/pseudo‐unique ions, sub‐peaks/slices in the first dimension, and spectra in the second dimension. We explore the performance of this algorithm through careful inspection of two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry data before and after application of the filter. A reduction (99%) in the number of variables in a two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry chromatogram passed on to subsequent analysis was observed. Feature selection times for model optimization reduced from 229 (±13) to 6.8 (±0.5) min when the filter was applied. An estimate of two unique/pseudo‐unique ions, one sub‐peak in the first dimension and five spectra in the second dimension were considered to provide a true representation of each chromatogram and provided enough information to achieve 100% model prediction accuracy.
Prochlorococcus,Synechococcus, and picoeukaryotic phytoplankton abundances in the global ocean
Authors: Visintini Natalia , Martiny Adam C. , Flombaum Pedro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMarine picophytoplankton is the most abundant photosynthetic group on Earth; however, it is still underrepresented in dynamic ecosystem models. Major constraints for understanding its role in the ecosystem at a global scale are sparse data and lack of a baseline description of its distribution. Here, we present three datasets to assess the global abundance of the principal groups of picophytoplankton,Prochlorococcus,Synechococcus, and picoeukaryotic phytoplankton: (1) a compilation of 109,045 field observations with ancillary environmental data, (2) a global monthly climatology of 1° grids from 0 to 200 m, and (3) four climate scenarios projections, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5, spanning years 1901 to 2100. Together this set of observational and modeled data can improve our understanding of the role of picophytoplankton in the global ecosystem.
Low‐Threshold Lasing from Copper‐Doped CdSe Colloidal Quantum Wells
Authors: Yu Junhong , Sharma Manoj , Li Mingjie , Delikanli Savas , Sharma Ashma , Taimoor Muhammad , Altintas Yemliha , McBride James R. , Kusserow Thomas , Sum Tze‐Chien , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Dang Cuong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTransition metal doped colloidal nanomaterials (TMDCNMs) have recently attracted attention as promising nano‐emitters due to dopant‐induced properties. However, despite ample investigations on the steady‐state and dynamic spectroscopy of TMDCNMs, experimental understandings of their performance in stimulated emission regimes are still elusive. Here, the optical gain properties of copper‐doped CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are systemically studied with a wide range of dopant concentration for the first time. This work demonstrates that the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold in copper‐doped CQWs is a competing result between the biexciton formation, which is preferred to achieve population inversion, and the hole trapping which stymies the population inversion. An optimum amount of copper dopants enables the lowest ASE threshold of ≈7 µJ cm−2, about 8‐fold reduction from that in undoped CQWs (≈58 µJ cm−2) under sub‐nanosecond pulse excitation. Finally, a copper‐doped CQW film embedded in a vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) structure yields an ultralow lasing threshold of 4.1 µJ cm−2. Exploiting optical gain from TMDCNMs may help to further boost the performance of colloidal‐based lasers.
Quantification of Triple‐Shape Memory Behavior of Polymers Utilizing Tension and Torsion
Authors: Meurer Josefine , Rodriguez Agudo José Alberto , Zechel Stefan , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShape‐memory polymers (SMPs) are well investigated smart materials. With their ability to memorize their original shape they are interesting candidates for a large range of applications. Certain SMPs feature triple shape‐memory behavior. In these cases, it is possible to fix two different temporary shapes. However, the exact quantification of the individual steps regarding their programming and recovery rate is difficult and has not been possible so far. In this work, a novel approach for the analysis and exact quantification of triple SMPs is presented. By applying a customized rheology protocol, it is possible to perform and to analyze torsional and tensional experiments simultaneously. Consequently, different shapes in different directions (vertical and horizontal) can be fixed and the individual steps can be investigated independently at different switching temperatures.
Staphylococcus aureusST228 and ST239 as models for expression studies of diverse markers during osteoblast infection and persistence
Authors: Bongiorno Dafne , Musso Nicolò , Caruso Giuseppe , Lazzaro Lorenzo Mattia , Caraci Filippo , Stefani Stefania , Campanile Floriana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe ability ofS. aureusto infect bone and osteoblasts is correlated with its incredible virulencearmamentariumthat can mediate the invasion/internalization process, cytotoxicity, membrane damage, and intracellular persistence. We comparatively analyzed the interaction, persistence, and modulation of expression of selected genes and cell viability in an ex vivo model using human MG‐63 osteoblasts of two previously studied and well‐characterizedS. aureusclinical strains belonging to the ST239‐SCCmecIII‐t037 and ST228‐SCCmecI‐t041 clones at 3 h and 24 h post‐infection (p.i).S. aureusATCC12598 ST30‐t076 was used as a control strain. Using imaging flow cytometry (IFC), we found that these strains invaded and persisted in MG‐63 osteoblasts to different extents. The invasion was evaluated at 3 h p.i and persistence at 24 h p.i., in particular: ATCC12598 internalized in 70% and persisted in 50% of MG‐63 cells; ST239‐SCCmecIII internalized in 50% and persisted in 45% of MG‐63 cells; and ST228‐SCCmecI internalized in 30% and persisted in 20% of MG‐63 cells. During the infection period, ST239‐III exerted significant cytotoxic activity resulting from overexpression ofhlaandpsmA and increased expression of the genes involved in adhesion, probably due to the release and re‐entry of bacteria inside MG‐63 cells at 24 h p.i. The lower invasiveness of ST228‐I was also associated with non‐cytotoxic activity inside osteoblasts. This clone was unable to activate sufficient cellular reaction and succumbed inside MG‐63 cells. Our findings support the idea of considering new strategies, based on a translational approach—eukaryotic host–pathogen interaction (EHPI)—and to be applied on a large scale, to predictS. aureus/osteoblast interaction and treat bone infections. Such strategies rely on the study of the genetic and biochemical basis of both pathogen and host.
Technical Note: Volumetric coverage in breast tomosynthesis images — Phantom QC results from the TMIST study
Authors: Maki Aili K. , Mainprize James G. , Pisano Etta D. , Mawdsley Gordon E. , Skarpathiotakis Mia , Yaffe Martin J. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeIn the reconstruction of volume breast images from x‐ray projections in breast tomosynthesis, some tomographic systems truncate the image data presented to the radiologist such that a non‐negligible amount of tissue may be missing from the breast image. QC tests were conducted to determine if this problem existed in imaging in the TMIST study.MethodsTest tools developed for TMIST containing small objects at known heights were used in routine weekly and annual QC testing of tomosynthesis units to assess the degree to which phantom material that was irradiated in imaging was excluded from the reconstructed image. Results from 318 tests on five system types from three manufacturers are reported.ResultsThe presence and extent of this problem varied among system types. The cause was most frequently related to machine errors in the determination of breast thickness or to deflection of components during breast compression. In particular, the problem occurred when a compression paddle other than the one calibrated for tomosynthesis was used for the tests. This was also verified to have occurred in some clinical imaging.ConclusionsMissing volume can be avoided by intentionally reconstructing additional image slices above and below the presumed locations of the breast support and compression plate. A compression paddle which has been calibrated for tomosynthesis should be used both for clinical imaging and testing. The prevalence of this phenomenon suggests that more frequent testing for volume coverage may be advisable.
Is coronavirus disease 2019 associated with indicators of long‐term bladder dysfunction?
Authors: Welk Blayne , Richard Lucie , Braschi Emmanuel , Averbeck Marcio A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveEarly reports have suggested that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can present with significant urinary frequency and nocturia, and that these symptoms correlate with markers of inflammation in the urine. We evaluated surrogate markers of chronic urinary symptoms to determine if they were more frequent after COVID‐19 infection.MethodsRoutinely collected data from the province of Ontario was used to conduct a matched, retrospective cohort study. We identified patients 66 years of age or older who had a positive COVID‐19 test between February and May 2020 and survived at least 2 months after their diagnosis. We matched them to two similar patients who did not have a positive COVID‐19 test during the same time period. We measured the frequency of urology consultation, cystoscopy, and new prescriptions for overactive bladder medications during a subsequent 3‐month period. Proportional hazard models were adjusted for any baseline differences between the groups.ResultsWe matched 5617 patients with COVID‐19 to 11,225 people who did not have COVID‐19. The groups were similar, aside from a higher proportion of patients having hypertension and diabetes in the CoVID‐19 cohort. There was no significantly increased hazard of new receipt of overactive bladder medication (hazards ratio [HR]: 1.04, p = 0.88), urology consultation (HR: 1.40, p = 0.10), or cystoscopy (HR: 1.14, p = 0.50) among patients who had COVID‐19, compared to the matched cohort.ConclusionSurrogate markers of potential bladder dysfunction were not significantly increased in the 2–5 months after COVID‐19 infection.
Work environment for hospital nurses in Japan: The relationships between nurses' perceptions of their work environment and nursing outcomes
Authors: Ogata Yasuko , Sato Kana , Kodama Yoshimi , Morioka Noriko , Taketomi Kikuko , Yonekura Yuki , Katsuyama Kimiko , Tanaka Sachiko , Nagano Midori , Ito Yoichi M. , Kanda Katsuya ,   the rest of the WENS‐J project team
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate nurses' perceptions of their work environment and to investigate the relationships between variables measuring the work environment (WE) and nursing outcomes (NOs).DesignA 2‐year prospective longitudinal survey (2013–2015).Method(s)Descriptive statistics of nurse demographics, organizational WE and NOs were calculated by position. The associations between Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES‐NWI) and NOs were examined for each unit.ResultsThe participants were 2,992 staff nurses, 137 nurse managers (NMs), and 8 chief nursing officers in Phase 1 and 7,849, 371 and 23 in Phase 2, respectively. The higher the job position, the better the WE was rated. The higher the PES‐NWI scores, the better the outcomes. Descriptive statistics about organizational WEs and NOs and the statistically significant associations between the two were identified.
Experiences of nurses caring for perinatal women and newborns during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Kang Hee Sun , Son Yedong , Kim Mi Ja , Chae Sun‐Mi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimNurses are pivotal in caring for patients infected with COVID‐19. Little is known about experiences of nurses in maternity care during the pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to describe nurses’ experiences of caring for perinatal women and newborns during the pandemic.DesignA descriptive qualitative study was conducted.MethodsData were collected from August–November 2020 using focus group and in‐depth interviews. A total of 24 nurses working in maternity and newborn care units participated in the study. Content analysis method was used for data analysis.ResultsThe participants’ clinical experience ranged from 6 months–26 years. Three major themes emerged as follows: “making every effort to prevent COVID‐19 infection,” “caring for perinatal women and newborns with COVID‐19 infection or suspected infection” and “job stress and professional growth during the pandemic.” Participants reported that they needed more support in terms of staffing and mental health.
Product Control and Insight into Conversion of C6 Aldose Toward C2, C4 and C6 Alditols in One‐Pot Retro‐Aldol Condensation and Hydrogenation Processes
Authors: Hui Yingshuang , Zhan Yulu , Hou Wenrong , Gao Lou , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlcohols have a wide range of applicability, and their functions vary with the carbon numbers. C6 and C4 alditols are alternative of sweetener, as well as significant pharmaceutical and chemical intermediates, which are mainly obtained through the fermentation of microorganism currently. Similarly, as a bulk chemical, C2 alditol plays a decisive role in chemical synthesis. However, among them, few works have been focused on the chemical production of C4 alditol yet due to its difficult accumulation. In this paper, under a static and semi‐flowing procedure, we have achieved the product control during the conversion of C6 aldose toward C6 alditol, C4 alditol and C2 alditol, respectively. About C4 alditol yield of 20 % and C4 plus C6 alditols yield of 60 % are acquired in the one‐pot conversion via a cascade retro‐aldol condensation and hydrogenation process. Furthermore, in the semi‐flowing condition, the yield of ethylene glycol is up to 73 % thanks to its low instantaneous concentration.
Omeg@Silica: Entrapment and Stabilization of Sustainably Sourced Fish Oil
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Lino Claudia , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFish oil rich in long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D3 and carotenoid pigments have been sustainably extracted from anchovy fillet leftovers using biobased limonene. The oil is conveniently stabilized by adsorption on periodic mesoporous silicas. The simplicity of the process, the high load of fish oil, and the biocompatible nature of mesoporous silica support numerous forthcoming applications of this new class of “Omeg@Silica” materials.
Recovery and Reuse of Composite Cathode Binder in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Sarkar Amrita , May Richard , Ramesh Sapna , Chang Wesley , Marbella Lauren E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, we investigate the recovery and reuse of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binders from both homemade and commercial cathode films in Li ion batteries. We find that PVDF solubility depends on whether the polymer is an isolated powder or cast into a composite film. A mixture of tetrahydrofuran:N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (THF : NMP, 50 : 50 v/v) at 90 °C delaminates composite cathodes from Al current collectors and yields pure PVDF as characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PVDF recovered from Li ion cells post‐cycling exhibits similar performance to pristine PVDF. These data suggest that PVDF can be extracted and reused during Li ion battery recycling while simultaneously eliminating the formation of HF etchants, providing an incentive for use in direct cathode recycling.