bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport as a tool for public diplomacy in Hungary
Authors: Garamvölgyi Bence , Dóczi Tamás 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sport is often utilized as a tool by governments and nation-states in building a favorable international image, seeking external political legitimacy, and strengthening nation-building endeavors across borders. Given its universal appeal, sport is often perceived as a valuable soft power asset for conveying positive messages to foreign publics. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to introduce the sports diplomacy approach of Hungary, specifically focusing on the state-led utilization of sport in public diplomacy under the recent government of Viktor Orbán (2010–2020). With the institutionalization of sport in public diplomacy, Hungary has become a pioneering country in Central and Eastern Europe that can provide an example for other nation-states in the region. The Hungarian government’s sports diplomacy ambitions have not been curbed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the country continues to invest large amounts of public funding in attracting and organizing international sporting competitions. Hosting the Summer Olympic Games in Budapest remains the ultimate goal of the current government’s sports diplomacy strategy, which focuses on elite sport.
Selected Risks of the Decompression Process. Part I: Selected Inherent Residual Risks in the Decompression Process
Authors: Kłos Ryszard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A safe transition from a higher-pressure atmosphere to a lower-pressure atmosphere is achieved by means of a planned decompression process, usually through changes in pressure and/or the composition of the breathing mix as a function of time. However, the decompression process is influenced by a greater number of inherent1 factors than merely changes in pressure and composition of the breathing mixture, the values of which should be maintained within certain ranges. However, there are instances where control over them cannot be maintained, leaving elements of residual risk2 to the decompression process. The safety of decompression should be assessed, inter alia, by analysing this risk for each implementation of the decompression process.
Evaluation of EEG Tests in the Amateur Diving Instructor Group and Correlation with the Occurrence of Sterile Bone Necrosis
Authors: Filipek Bogumił , Roman Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research undertaken was a continuation of previous studies relating to professional divers. The bioelectrical activity of the brain with an electronic electroencephalograph (EEG) was studied in a group of 89 instructors for amateur diving between 21 and 50 years of age. Pathological patterns were found in 15.7% of the subjects. In comparison with professional divers, the disturbances were significantly less frequent, but considerably more frequent in comparison with the control group. There was no relationship between the occurrence of the disorders in relation to the age of the examined person, however, the occurrence of the disorders was more frequent in persons with the least experience. Moreover, a correlation was found in one age group between abnormalities of EEG recording and the occurrence of sterile bone necrosis.
Pulmonary Barotrauma During Hypoxia in a Diver While Underwater
Authors: Kierznikowicz Brunon , Wolański Władysław , Olszański Romuald 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article describes a diver performing a dive at small depths in a dry suit, breathing from a single-stage apparatus placed on his back. As a result of training deficiencies, the diver began breathing from inside the suit, which led to hypoxia and subsequent uncontrolled ascent. Upon returning to the surface, the diver developed neurological symptoms based on which a diagnosis of pulmonary barotrauma was made. The diver was successfully treated with therapeutic recompression-decompression.
Epidemiology of Basal Cell Carcinoma – Observations of One Department
Authors: Borzęcka-Sapko Agnieszka , Siermontowski Piotr , Mleczko Mateusz , Borzęcki Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin cancer. It is one of the so-called nonmelanoma skin cancers, the incidence of which has increased rapidly worldwide in recent years. Unfortunately, the National Cancer Registry in Poland does not classify basal cell skin cancer separately. Therefore, the precise data on the incidence in the population remain unknown.

Work objective. Retrospective analysis of the incidence of basal cell carcinoma in NZOZ Med-Laser in Lublin in the years 2005 – 2015 depending on gender, age group, place of residence (urban-rural) and clinical form of the disease.

Material and methodology. The data of NZOZ Med-Laser from the years 2005 - 2015 were used in the study. The data concern all patients with histopathologically diagnosed basal cell carcinoma, who during the period covered by the study were consulted either as outpatients or hospitalised in an institution providing dermatological services under contract with the National Health Fund (NFZ). Patients were divided into several groups depending on gender, age and place of residence. All groups were compared quantitatively and the results are shown in the figures below.

Results. The data collected indicate that between 2005 and 2015 a total of 922 patients with basal cell carcinoma received dermatological treatment. Over the years, there has been a clear increase in the number of patients with basal cell carcinoma. The disease occurred mainly in people over 59 years of age, with the majority of women living in cities. The most common locations of the cancer are nose, cheeks, forehead and temporal area. Histopathologically, solidum, superficiale, exulceratum and pseudoadenoides were the most frequently diagnosed forms.

Conclusions. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin is frequent in our society. Its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, action should be taken to create consistent international registries to gather reliable epidemiological data that would show the scale of the problem, which we are dealing with almost all over the world.
A Combined Method to Predict Impact Pressure on Planing Craft
Authors: Tahmasvand Hossein , Zeraatgar Hamid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Prediction of the pressure distribution on a planing craft in waves deeply affects its structural design and safe operation. In this paper, the possibility of pressure prediction for the planing craft in waves is studied. A combined method is formulated by which craft motions in waves are computed using a 2.5D method, and the impact pressure is anticipated by the equivalent wedge method. Experiments are conducted to record the vertical acceleration and pressure time trends on a model. Comparing the results of the combined method with the experiments indicates that this approach successfully predicts the heave and pitch motions and the time evolution of the acceleration and pressure. The method presents good estimations for the peaks of the acceleration and pressure. Using the combined method, a parametric study on maximum peak acceleration and pressure is also conducted for various forward velocities and wave heights. It has been shown that the combined method is a fast and reliable tool for maximum peak pressure prediction. The method may be employed for structural design and optimization.
Prediction of Ship Motions in Irregular Waves Based on Response Amplitude Operators Evaluated Experimentally in Noise Waves
Authors: Bielicki Sebastian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The most common methods for predicting ship roll motions in a specified sea state are direct measurements of motions in a representative irregular wave realisation (time domain) or calculations of motions from response amplitude operators (RAOs) in the frequency domain. The result of the first method is valid only for the tested sea state, whilst the second method is more flexible but less accurate. RAO-based predictions are calculated assuming a linear model of ship motions in waves. RAO functions are usually evaluated by means of tests in regular waves for a limited number of frequencies and a constant wave amplitude. This approach is time-consuming and the discrete form of the RAO functions obtained for a limited number of frequencies may lead to discrepancies in the prediction of seakeeping and often does not allow the actual amplitude of the response in resonant frequency to be determined. Another challenge is the appropriate selection of wave amplitude for tests due to the considerable influence of viscous damping on roll response in irregular sea waves. There are alternative methods for the experimental determination of RAO functions and one of them is presented in this study. The presented approach allows RAO functions to be evaluated in one run by the generation of irregular waves characterised by a white or coloured noise spectrum. This method reduces the experiment duration, with almost continuous RAO characteristics obtained. The flat (white noise) and linear (coloured noise) wave spectral energy characteristics are considered in the experiment and the obtained predictions are compared with the results of accurate measurements in irregular waves.
Numerical Study on the Optimization of Hydrodynamic Performance of Oscillating Buoy Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Lai Wenbin , Xie Yonghe , Li Detang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The oscillating buoy wave energy converter (OBWEC) captures wave energy through the undulating movement of the buoy in the waves. In the process of capturing wave energy, the hydrodynamic performance of the buoy plays an important role. This paper designed the “Haida No. 1” OBWEC, in which the buoy adopts a form of swinging motion. In order to further improve the hydrodynamic performance of the buoy, a 2D numerical wave tank (NWT) model is established using ADINA software based on the working principle of the device. According to the motion equation of the buoy in the waves, the influence of the buoy shape, arm length, tilt angle, buoy draft, buoy width, wave height and Power Take-off (PTO) damping on the hydrodynamic performance of the buoy is studied. Finally, a series of physical experiments are performed on the device in a laboratory pool. The experimental results verify the consistency of the numerical results. The research results indicate that the energy conversion efficiency of the device can be improved by optimizing the hydrodynamic performance of the buoy. However, the absorption efficiency of a single buoy for wave energy is limited, so it is very difficult to achieve full absorption of wave energy.
Simulations and Tests of Composite Marine Structures Under Low-Velocity Impact
Authors: Zhu Zhaoyi , Li Xiaowen , Chen Qinglin , Cai Yingqiang , Xiong Yunfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to their excellent performance, composite materials are increasingly used in the marine field. It is of great importance to study the low-velocity impact performance of composite laminates to ensure the operational safety of composite ship structures. Herein, low-velocity drop-weight impact tests were carried out on 12 types of GRP laminates with different layup forms. The impact-induced mechanical response characteristics of the GRP laminates were obtained. Based on the damage model and stiffness degradation criterion of the composite laminates, a low-velocity impact simulation model was proposed by writing a VUMAT subroutine and using the 3D Hashin failure criterion and the cohesive zone model. The fibre failure, matrix failure and interlaminar failure of the composite structures could be determined by this model. The predicted mechanical behaviours of the composite laminates with different layup forms were verified through comparisons with the impact test results, which revealed that the simulation model can well characterise the low-velocity impact process of the composite laminates. According to the damage morphologies of the impact and back sides, the influence of the different layup forms on the low-velocity impact damage of the GRP laminates was summarised. The layup form had great effects on the damage of the composite laminates. Especially, the outer 2‒3 layers play a major role in the damage of the impact and the back side. For the same impact energy, the damage areas are larger for the back side than for the impact side, and there is a corresponding layup form to minimise the damage area. Through analyses of the time response relationships of impact force, impactor displacement, rebound velocity and absorbed energy, a better layup form of GRP laminates was obtained. Among the 12 plates, the maximum impact force, absorbed energy and damage area of the plate P4 are the smallest, and it has better impact resistance than the others, and can be more in line with the requirements of composite ships. It is beneficial to study the low-velocity impact performance of composite ship structures.
Hydrodynamic State of Art Review: Rotor – Stator Marine Propulsor Systems Design
Authors: Król Przemysław 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper covers the important topic of rotor–stator propulsor system design and operation. For the stand-alone marine screw propeller, both the design criteria for loading distribution and the theoretical efficiency limits are well described in the basic literature. This is in contrast to the combined propulsor system like a propeller cooperating with a pre-swirl device. The paper describes the current state of the art, summarising results obtained by various researchers by installing energy-saving devices on particular vessels. The design methods utilised are briefly outlined, with the main characteristics underlined. Rough analysis of the gathered data confirms the expected trend that a higher efficiency gain due to ESD installation is possible for a higher propeller loading.
Modelling Ships Main and Auxiliary Engine Powers with Regression-Based Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Okumuş Fatih , Ekmekçioğlu Araks , Kara Selin Soner 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Based on data from seven different ship types, this paper provides mathematical relationships that allow us to estimate the main and auxiliary engine power of new ships. With these mathematical relationships we can estimate the power of the engine based on the ship’s length (L), gross tonnage (GT) and age. We developed these approaches using simple linear regression, polynomial regression, K-nearest neighbours (KNN) regression and gradient boosting machine (GBM) regression algorithms. The relationships presented here have a practical application: during the pre-parametric design of new ships, our mathematical relationships can be used to estimate the power of the engines so that more environmentally friendly ships may be built. In addition, with the machine learning methodology, the prediction of the main engine (ME) and auxiliary engine (AE) powers used in the numerical calculation of ship-based emissions provides data for researchers working on emission calculations. We conclude that the GBM regression algorithm provides more accurate solutions to estimate the main and auxiliary engine power of a ship than other algorithms used in the study.
A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Marine Desox Systems
Authors: Cui Mengqi , Lu Yingwei , He Jiahao , Ji Lei , Wang Hui , Liu Shaojun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With new sulphur oxides emission limits carried out in 2020, multiple desulphurisation methods have been proposed. The main desulphurisation scrubber systems were chosen and investigated using life cycle assessment. The whole system life is divided into the construction and operational phases. Three different systems classified by desulphurisers, namely, seawater, NaOH, and Mg-based systems, were modelled in GaBi software. Moreover, environmental, economic and energy aspects (3E model) were introduced for further analysis. Through this study, some conclusions have been drawn. As for the environmental aspect, the seawater system has the most pleasing performance since the primary emissions come from 1.24E+03 kg CO2 and 1.48E+01 kg chloride. The NaOH system causes 1000 times more emissions than the seawater. The Mg-based system has less pollution than the NaOH system, with 5.86E+06kg CO2 and 3.86E+03 kg chloride. The economic aspect is divided into capital expenditure (CapEx) and operational expenditure (OpEx) to estimate disbursement. The seawater system also has the most favourable cost appearance, which takes 1.7 million dollars without extra desulphuriser expenses, based on 10MW engine flue gas treatment. The next is the Mg-based system, which cost 2 million dollars in CapEx and $ 1200/year in OpEx for the desulphuriser. NaOH uses about 2.5 million dollars for construction and $ 30000/year in desulphuriser. As for the energy aspect, the seawater and Mg-based systems use less non-renewable energy than the NaOH system in the construction phase. In conclusion, the seawater system shows the best performance and could be an alternative in SOx control technologies. This study sheds light on the comprehensive evaluation of marine environmental protection technologies for further optimisation.
The Matter of Decision-Making Control Over Operation Processes of Marine Power Plant Systems with the Use of their Models in the form of Semi-Markov Decision-Making Processes
Authors: Girtler Jerzy , Rudnicki Jacek 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article presents the possibility to control the real operation process of an arbitrary device installed in the marine power plant based on the four-state semi-Markov process, being the model of the process, which describes the transition process of operational states of the device (ek, k = 1, 2, 3, 4), and the transition process of its technical states (sl, l = 1, 2, 3). The operational states ek (k = 1, 2, 3, 4) have the following interpretation: e1 – active operation state resulting from the task performed by the device, e2 – state of ready-to-operate stop of the device, e3 – state of planned preventive service of the device, e4 – state of unplanned service of the device, forced by its damage. Whereas the interpretation of the technical states sl (l = 1, 2, 3) is as follows: s1 – state of full serviceability of the device, s2 – state of partial serviceability of the device, and s3 – state of unserviceability of the device. All these states are precisely defined for the ship main engine (SG). A hypothesis is proposed which justifies the use of this model to examine real state transitions in marine power plant device operation processes. The article shows the possibility to make operating decisions ensuring a rational course of the device operation process when the proposed model of this process and the dynamic programming method based on the Bellman’s principle of optimality are applied. The optimisation criterion adopted when making operating decisions is the expected profit to be gained as a result of functioning of the device in the time interval [τ0, τm], being the sum of the expected profit gained in interval [τ0, τ1] and to be gained in interval [τ1, τm].
Finite Element Fatigue Analysis of Unsupported Crane
Authors: Buczkowski Ryszard , Żyliński Bartłomiej 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The presented strength and fatigue calculations refer to an unsupported deck crane and its three distinct parts: housing, jib and column. Static loads applied to the structure were due to the crane’s own weight and a maximum working load, corresponding to a maximum lifting capacity at a maximum outreach of the crane. The numerical analysis was aimed at determining the thickness of the skin plating of the column and the number, shape and distribution of stiffeners in the column, housing and jib, ensuring that the crane yields correct strength and fatigue parameters. During the process of designing marine structures, the standard numerical analysis is, in many cases, limited to calculations in the basic strength range. Even when using numerical methods of analysis, complex strength and fatigue calculations are often not performed. The modern numerical analysis chain for marine structures should concentrate not only on strength analysis, but should take a further step, which encompasses fatigue analysis. The article presents a new outlook on design methods, which should be the entry point to the design of marine structures. Based on the acquired number of cycles of fatigue life, it is possible to estimate, with a sufficient degree of accuracy, the practical service life of a structure. To solve the problem, the authors used the finite element analysis software ABAQUS supported by the fe-safe system.
Computational Intelligence in Marine Control Engineering Education
Authors: Lisowski Józef 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to the existing training of marine control engineering professionals using artificial intelligence. We use optimisation strategies, neural networks and game theory to support optimal, safe ship control by applying the latest scientific achievements to the current process of educating students as future marine officers. Recent advancements in shipbuilding, equipment for robotised ships, the high quality of shipboard game plans, the cost of overhauling, dependability, the fixing of the shipboard equipment and the requesting of the safe shipping and environmental protection, requires constant information on recent equipment and programming for computational intelligence by marine officers. We carry out an analysis to determine which methods of artificial intelligence can allow us to eliminate human subjectivity and uncertainty from real navigational situations involving manoeuvring decisions made by marine officers. Trainees learn by using computer simulation methods to calculate the optimal safe traverse of the ship in the event of a possible collision with other ships, which are mapped using neural networks that take into consideration the subjectivity of the navigator. The game-optimal safe trajectory for the ship also considers the uncertainty in the navigational situation, which is measured in terms of the risk of collision. The use of artificial intelligence methods in the final stage of training on ship automation can improve the practical education of marine officers and allow for safer and more effective ship operation.
Management of epistaxis during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mishra Rahul , Sahoo Anjan Kumar , Gosain Priyanka 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Epistaxis represents a commonly encountered manifestation in the ENT Emergency Department. Healthcare providers working in the ENT Emergency Department are at high risk of COVID-19 infection both because of the high viral load in the upper airways and because of the asymptomatic presentation of COVID-19 disease. Special focus is needed for managing the balance between appropriate patient care and ensuring the safety of healthcare workers. Adequate preparation and modification of the procedures for bleeding control to minimize risk of spread is necessary. While managing, attention should be kept on less invasive methods with avoidance of aerosol-generating activities. Nonetheless, proper use and disposal of personal protective equipment is of utmost importance in stopping the spread of COVID-19.