bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the effect of cell immobilization on the hydrogenothrophic biomethanation of CO2
Authors: Dağlıoğlu Tuğçe , Öğüt Tuba Ceren , Ozdemir Guven , Azbar Nuri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon capture and utilization (CCU) has been offered as a potential technological solution for mitigating the greenhouse gas emissions and climate change concern worldwide. Anaerobically carbon utilization has started to be in the agenda of researchers in recent years since this approach offers significant advantages such as use of catalysis reactions through environmentally friendly microorganisms under low temperature and pressure operational conditions. Moreover, a cleaner and more effective bioenergy production is realized in the form of biomethane.This study aimed to exploit the merits of cell immobilization in order to provide a stable hydrogenotrophic biomethanation process. For this purpose, two different immobilized bioreactors packed with plastic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and glass beads packing materials were comparatively investigated. To the best of our knowledge, these two immobilization materials were used for the first time for this purpose. Two different bioreactor configurations were compared for the performance parameters such as methane formation rate, H2 consumption and methane contents in the headspace. Methane content in the headspace of these bioreactors were measured to be 80 and 75% for MBBR bioreactor and glass bead bioreactors, respectively. In addition, methane formation rates (MFR) of 5.14 and 4.8 m3/m3/day were achieved in MBBR and glass beads bioreactors, respectively. Even though both bioreactor configurations performed highly efficient biomethanation of CO2, the statistical evaluation of the results indicated that MBBR performance was more favourable for hydrogenotrophic biomethanation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The future of the elderly population health status: Filling a knowledge gap
Authors: Atella Vincenzo , Belotti Federico , Kim Daejung , Goldman Dana , Gracner Tadeja , Piano Mortari Andrea , Tysinger Bryan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aging process in OECD countries calls for a better understanding of the future disease prevalence, life expectancy (LE) and patterns of inequalities in health outcomes. In this paper we present the results obtained from several dynamic microsimulation models of the Future Elderly Model family for 12 OECD countries, with the aim of reproducing for the first time comparable long‐term projections in individual health status across OECD countries. We provide projections of LE and prevalence of major chronic conditions and disabilities, overall, by gender and by education. We find that the prevalence of main chronic conditions in Europe is catching‐up with the United States and significant heterogeneity in the evolution of gender and educational gradients. Our findings represent a contribution to support policymakers in designing and implementing effective interventions in the healthcare sector.
Non‐conventional fungicides to control dollar spot disease
Authors: Hsiang Tom , Stone Kate , Rudland Matt , Chen Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are strong societal pressures against the use of synthetic pesticides in our modern urban society. The purpose of this work was to test the efficacy of several substances, many of which are household use items and can be considered non‐conventional, for their ability to control the common turfgrass disease, dollar spot, in lab and field tests. From the over 10 lab tests per treatment and the over 10 field tests between 2015 to 2019, we concluded that among over 20 mostly non‐conventional products applied at different rates and intervals, only ferrous sulfate (21% a.i.) used at 250 g per 100 m2 or ferric sulfate (84.5% a.i.) used at 300 g per 100 m2 applied in 10 L of water per 100 m2 on a weekly basis could provide suppression of dollar spot disease on creeping bentgrass equivalent to a standard fungicide control during periods of low to moderate disease pressure.
Influence of calcium and nitrogen fertilizer on creeping bentgrass infected with dollar spot under cool temperatures
Authors: Jiang Mingyan , Kaluwasha Waana , Xiong Xi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDollar spot, caused by the fungal pathogen Clarireedia homoeocarpa Bennett, is a wide‐spread disease of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) that in the north central region of the U.S., occurs as early as March. Over‐dependence on fungicides has resulted in widespread resistance, necessitating non‐chemical treatment approaches. The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of N and Ca fertilizers on creeping bentgrass for dollar spot tolerance under cool temperatures. In a chilling chamber, a single application of Ca or N fertilizer significantly reduced dollar spot disease cover by 47% or 34%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Application of both Ca and N, however, appeared to be antagonistic and resulted in only a 14% reduction of disease cover. Application of Ca, not N, improved root production but reduced shoot growth in the 4‐week period regardless of dollar spot, resulting in an elevated root to shoot ratio. Root architecture, including total root length, surface area and total tips, was also improved following a Ca only application. Collectively, these results suggested that Ca might play a beneficial role in improving the stress tolerance of creeping bentgrass, and building healthier and stronger root systems in the spring‐like conditions. Although a single application of Ca does not adequately suppress dollar spot, future research might be of interest to explore optimal application strategies in order to reduce over‐dependence on fungicides.
A new device for selective mechanical broadleaf weed control in turfgrass
Authors: Henderson Jason J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWeed control in turfgrass systems without herbicides can be challenging. Cost effective and reliable weed control options are needed in turfgrass systems managed organically or pesticide‐free. The objectives of this research were to determine i) the efficacy of selective, mechanical broadleaf weed control and ii) assess Weedbine injury potential in Poa pratensis L. (Kentucky bluegrass). This study was arranged in a randomized completed block design with two replications. The three treatments were: 1) Weedbine 1X wk–1, 2) synthetic herbicide, and 3) mow only control. Synthetic herbicides provided the quickest and most definitive level of weed control. However, the Weedbine used once per week immediately prior to mowing provided significantly higher weed control compared to the mow only control consistently throughout the growing season. Mechanically treated plots exhibited some turfgrass injury following treatments in August and September. However, mechanically treated plots had higher turfgrass quality than herbicide‐treated plots in November due to subsequent weed encroachment in herbicide treated plots later in the growing season. The Weedbine has potential for applying selective, mechanical weed control with minimal injury in Poa pratensis.
Survival of Staphylococcus aureus applied to Poa pratensis L. and synthetic turf
Authors: McNitt Andrew S. , Petrunak Dianne M. , Serensits Thomas J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates have become more prevalent among athletes. The objective of this study is to examine the survival of S. aureus on synthetic turf systems and natural turfgrass under varying environmental conditions and to evaluate the effectiveness of various control agents applied to the synthetic turf. Under non‐extreme temperature and very limited light conditions, less than 4% of the S. aureus applied survived on both synthetic and natural turfgrass for 12 d. Applied control agents reduced survival rates to less than 1% survival at 6 d for all but one treatment. When S. aureus was applied to outdoor surfaces in the presence of sunlight, the bacterial survival rate was reduced to under 1% survivability within 2 h of S. aureus application on synthetic turf and within 3 h on natural turfgrass. Exposure to UV light and higher temperature seemed to be an effective disinfectant under the conditions of this experiment. Survival rates on synthetic and natural turfgrass did not differ greatly in indoor conditions.
Effects of growing degree day based trinexapac‐ethyl application on ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass putting green quality and ball roll
Authors: Carroll Devon E. , Brosnan James T. , Reasor Eric H. , Kerns James P. , Stephens Cameron M. , Horvath Brandon J. , Dickson Kyley H. , Tomaso‐Peterson Maria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractApplication of plant growth regulators to hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy] putting greens is a common management practice used to reduce clipping yield and improve aesthetic and functional turfgrass quality. Growing degree day (GDD) models have explored the effects of plant growth regulator application timing on ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass clipping yield. However, there is a need for research evaluating effects of GDD‐timed plant growth regulator applications on turfgrass quality and ball roll. A field study was conducted in summer 2018 at three locations (Knoxville, TN; Raleigh, NC; and Starkville, MS) to determine the effects of trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) applied according to a GDD model on ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass putting green quality and ball roll compared to calendar‐based treatment (i.e., weekly or twice‐weekly). For GDD applications, TE was applied at either 20 or 33 g ha−1. GDD based applications were made once 220 GDD (base 10°C) accumulated after each treatment. TE was applied at either 20 or 33 g ha−1 for weekly treatments and rate reduced to either 14 or 16 g ha−1 for the twice‐weekly treatment. In all locations, TE applied on a 220 GDD10C schedule resulted in turfgrass quality greater than or equal to that of the weekly and twice‐weekly applied treatments. Ball roll distance was slightly lower in plots treated with TE every 220 GDD10C compared to the weekly and twice‐weekly treatments, although differences may be negligible to golfers (13 to 23 cm). Ball roll distance was negatively correlated with clipping yield (−0.37 to −0.69). Turfgrass managers choosing to regulate ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass greens with TE should consider applying on a GDD rather than calendar‐based interval to achieve improved turfgrass quality without sacrificing ball roll distance.
Comparison of fresh versus effluent water irrigation on soil chemical properties of golf course greens and fairways
Authors: Isweiri Hanan , Qian Yaling , Davis Jessica G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn arid and semiarid areas, an increase in water demand has forced urban planners to use alternative water resources for turfgrass irrigation. In this study, the soil chemical properties of push‐up greens and fairways on two golf courses that use either effluent water or fresh water were compared. The study was conducted on two golf courses in Wyoming. Golf Course A started to use effluent water for irrigation in 2007 while Golf Course B has always used fresh water. From 2003 to 2013, a total of 238 soil samples of greens (104 from Golf Course A and 134 from Golf Course B) were collected, and 90 soil samples (45 from Golf Course A and 45 from Golf Course B) were collected from fairways. The soil analyses showed that many changes occurred over time due to the use of effluent water irrigation. After 6 yr of using effluent water, soil electrical conductivity (EC) increased but remained well below the critical threshold levels for turf , whereas soil pH increased by 0.42 units. From 2007 to 2012, sodium levels increased by 2‐ to 5‐fold. The availability of micronutrients (Fe and Mn) decreased, especially on greens irrigated with effluent water. Soil phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels increased after using effluent water, which would be beneficial for turfgrass and lower fertilization requirements.
Interactive effects of waterlogging and salinity on perennial ryegrass and alkaligrass
Authors: Isweiri Hanan , Qian Yaling , Davis Jessica G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA lot of salt‐affected soils in the world are also affected by compaction and waterlogging due to shallow water tables or decreased infiltration of water due to sodicity. Waterlogging and compaction cause reduced oxygen exchange (hypoxia). Research on the combined impacts of salinity and hypoxia on turfgrass growth is limited. The interactive effects of salinity and oxygen availability on nine perennial ryegrass entries (Lolium perenne L.) and one alkaligrass [Puccinellia tenuiflora (Jacq.) Parl.] cultivar were studied. In a controlled greenhouse, grasses were subjected to 4 treatments: control, salinity, hypoxia, and salinity + hypoxia for 12 weeks. All entries exhibited decreased clipping yield in both salinity and hypoxia + salinity treatments except ‘Fults’ alkaligrass. With or without hypoxia treatment, ‘Fults’ alkaligrass was the most salt tolerant grass among all entries. In general, all perennial ryegrass entries had better turf quality in control and hypoxia treatments than in salinity and salinity with hypoxia treatments. All perennial ryegrass entries were more severely affected (quality and yields) under combined hypoxia and salinity treatment compared to salinity or hypoxia only. Plant Na+ and Cl− concentrations increased under salinity and salinity + waterlogging treatments. The experimental entries (‘10.0824’ and ‘10.0825’) were able to maintain better turf quality than other perennial ryegrass cultivars under salinity and the combination of hypoxia + salinity treatments.
A field scale facility to evaluate the effect of soil organic matter content of sod‐established St. Augustinegrass lawns on nitrate‐nitrogen leaching
Authors: Park Dara M. , Cisar John L. , Snyder George H. , Fidanza Michael A. , Williams Karen E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA field scale facility was constructed to investigate the impact of a wide range of potential management parameters on nitrate (NO3‐N) leaching from St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] turf. The facility was built to identify and quantify background NO3‐N sources and concentrations before turf cultural management factors were applied, and to examine how establishment of sod with two contrasting soil organic matter (SOM) contents influence NO3‐N concentrations in percolate and leachate. The performance of the facility's irrigation and vadose zone percolate sampling units were evaluated and found acceptable. St. Augustinegrass sod with a 2.5 cm rootzone containing either 4% or 10% SOM was installed and maintained at this facility. The NO3‐N amounts in percolate and leachate were nearly proportional to the amount of SOM associated with the sod rootzones at 4% and 10%, respectively. Based on this investigation, SOM content in the rootzone attached to sod and within the soil which sod is placed influences NO3‐N concentration in the rootzone and leachate. Therefore, SOM should be considered in best management practices for lawncare. This facility will allow for future investigations on cultural management strategies aimed at decreasing the potential for NO3‐N leaching from St. Augustinegrass lawns.
Efficacy of natural herbicides on dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations
Authors: Carroll Devon Elizabeth , Kaminski J. E. , Borger J. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPerennial broadleaves such as dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) are known to be pervasive weeds in stands of maintained turfgrasses. The use of synthetic herbicides is the most common and effective method of control for these weeds. As pesticide use in European countries, Canada, and the United States is becoming more scrutinized, identification of alternative weed control options may be necessary. However, few organic or natural weed control products exist. A field study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various fertilizers and organic and bio‐herbicides including chelated iron, ammonium nanonate, citrus oil, acetic acid, and sodium chloride on dandelion and white clover control as compared to that of two synthetic herbicides containing 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy‐acetic acid (2,4‐D), mecoprop‐p (MCPP), and dicamba. Injury to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was also evaluated with the objective of determining which products effectively suppressed weed populations while imposing minimal injury to desirable turfgrasses. Chelated iron was effective in controlling dandelion and white clover populations equal to that of both synthetic herbicides with minimal injury to turfgrass. Other organic and bio‐herbicide treatments provided some control of both weed populations but generally were too injurious to the turfgrass. Fertility treatments and citrus oil did not reduce populations of either weed. This research indicates that some natural products currently on the market may serve as effective alternatives to synthetic herbicides. This information will be beneficial to homeowners and turfgrass managers controlling weed populations in geographic areas with restricted pesticide use or where control with organic products is desired.
Soil surfactant use on athletic field infield surfaces
Authors: Thoms Adam W. , Lindsey Alex J. , Pease Ben W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInfield skins are best managed by deep and slow additions of water, but time between games limits these applications. A two‐year study was conducted on a collegiate club softball infield skin to evaluate if applications of soil surfactants could extend soil moisture levels in infields. Seven soil surfactants treatments (Magnus at 15.9 L ha−1 and Magnus 2x at 31.8 L ha−1, Vivax at 15.9 L ha−1, Cascade at 25.5 L ha−1 and Cascade 2x at 50.9 L ha−1, Vivax Tab at 3.3 L water m−2, and Precision EZ Tab at 3.3 L water m−2), as well as a nontreated control (NTC) were applied. Linear regression analysis for soil moisture readings resulted in the Vivax Tab having greatest water loss (−0.44% h−1) along with the NTC (−0.41% h−1) in 2018, however no differences were present in 2019. Contrast statements compared the NTC to the soil surfactants and only Magnus 2x offered a lower water loss over time than NTC. Magnus 2x provided a harder surface than the NTC immediately after watering, and a lower surface hardness than all other treatments after 4 h. In 2019, only Vivax Tabs and Cascade 2x did not have lower surface hardness values than the NTC immediately after watering, and by 8 h after watering only Vivax had a lower surface hardness than NTC. Treatment affects were not consistent from year to year, but it appears increased rates may be needed to change soil moisture and hardness levels for any duration. Future research should focus on increased rates of soil surfactants for infield skins on different skin materials.
Evaluation of replica exchange with repulsive scaling approach for docking glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Maszota‐Zieleniak Martyna , Marcisz Mateusz , Kogut Małgorzata M. , Siebenmorgen Till , Zacharias Martin , Samsonov Sergey A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs), long linear periodic anionic polysaccharides, are key molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, deciphering their role in the biologically relevant context is important for fundamental understanding of the processes ongoing in ECM and for establishing new strategies in the regenerative medicine. Although GAGs represent a number of computational challenges, molecular docking is a powerful tool for analysis of their interactions. Despite the recent development of GAG‐specific docking approaches, there is plenty of room for improvement. Here, replica exchange molecular dynamics with repulsive scaling (REMD‐RS) recently proved to be a successful approach for protein–protein complexes, was applied to dock GAGs. In this method, effective pairwise radii are increased in different Hamiltonian replicas. REMD‐RS is shown to be an attractive alternative to classical docking approaches for GAGs. This work contributes to setting up of GAG‐specific computational protocols and provides new insights into the nature of these biological systems.
An open‐source, expert‐designed decision tree application to support accurate diagnosis of myeloid malignancies
Authors: Coats Thomas , Bean Daniel , Vatopoulou Theodora , Vijayavalli Dhanapal , El‐Bashir Razan , Panopoulou Aikaterini , Wood Henry , Wimalachandra Manujasri , Coppell Jason , Medd Patrick , Furtado Michelle , Tucker David , Kulasakeraraj Austin , Pawade Joya , Dobson Richard , Ireland Robin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccurate, reproducible diagnoses can be difficult to make in haemato‐oncology due to multi‐parameter clinical data, complex diagnostic criteria and time‐pressured environments. We have designed a decision tree application (DTA) that reflects WHO diagnostic criteria to support accurate diagnoses of myeloid malignancies. The DTA returned the correct diagnoses in 94% of clinical cases tested. The DTA maintained a high level of accuracy in a second validation using artificially generated clinical cases. Optimisations have been made to the DTA based on the validations, and the revised version is now publicly available for use at http://bit.do/ADAtool.
Factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients attending an acute hospital ambulatory assessment unit
Authors: Ronan Geoffrey , Kumar Lakshman , Davey Mary , O′Leary Catriona , McAleer Sarah , Lynch Jenny , Lavery Ros , Campion John , Ryan Joseph , O'Donoghue P. J. , Daly Aine , Shanahan Jayne , Costelloe Sean , Sadlier Corinna , McGlade Ciara , Manning Sean , Carroll Jennifer , O'Flynn Siun , Barry Patrick , Chevarria Julio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo describe the factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in mild‐to‐moderate patients attending for assessment. This observational study was conducted in a Model 4 tertiary referral center in Ireland. All patients referred for SARS‐CoV‐2 assessment over a 4‐week period were included. Patient demographics, presenting symptoms, comorbidities, medications, and outcomes (including length of stay, discharge, and mortality) were collected. Two hundred and seventy‐nine patients were assessed. These patients were predominantly female (62%) with a median age of 50 years (SD 16.9). Nineteen (6.8%) patients had SARS‐CoV‐2 detected. Dysgeusia was associated with a 16‐fold increased prediction of SARS‐CoV‐2 positivity (p = .001; OR, 16.8; 95% CI, 3.82–73.84). Thirteen patients with SARS‐COV‐2 detected (68.4%) were admitted, in contrast with 38.1% (99/260) of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 non‐detectable or not tested (p = .001). Female patients were more likely to be hospitalized (p = .01) as were current and ex‐smokers (p = .05). We describe olfactory disturbance and fever as the main presenting features in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These patients are more likely to be hospitalized with increased length of stay; however, they make up a minority of the patients assessed. “Non‐detectable” patients remain likely to require prolonged hospitalization. Knowledge of predictors of hospitalization in a “non‐detectable” cohort will aid future planning and discussion of patient assessment in a SARS‐CoV‐2 era.