bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harvest and Mercury Levels of Striped Bass in Miramichi River, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Andrews S. N. , Roth D. H. , Kidd K. A. , Linnansaari T. , Curry R. A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Striped Bass Morone saxatilis is an apex predator that supports recreational, commercial, and First Nations traditional fisheries in the Miramichi River, New Brunswick, Canada. Historic exploitation resulted in steep population declines, forcing a complete fisheries moratorium in 2000. After 13 years of recovery, a recreational fishery was reopened (May 2013) followed by a commercial fishery in 2018. These new opportunities for harvesting raised concerns about mercury levels in fish for human consumption as past levels have exceeded Health Canada guidelines of 0.5 mg/kg. We collected Striped Bass from the northwest Miramichi River in spring during the main recreational and commercial fishing seasons. Fish in the legal harvest slot for the recreational (50–65 cm TL) and commercial (50–80 cm TL) fisheries had total mercury in muscle tissue ranging from 0.08 to 0.43 mg/kg and from 0.08 to 0.63 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Mercury levels in Striped Bass have decreased since the 1990s, but some individuals were close to or exceeded consumption guidelines. In addition, a preliminary angler creel survey revealed that only 8% of anglers retained their legal, three-fish limit (average harvest = 0.7 fish/angler/day). However, harvest of oversized fish was observed (11%), and a removal of ˜100,000 adults in the first month of the fishery by the recreational, commercial, and Indigenous fisheries is possible and represents a significant portion of the estimated adult population. We conclude that effective management of the Striped Bass fishery in the Miramichi River will require continued and more detailed angler surveys and population size and structure assessments accompanied by communication of current mercury levels in this species.
A qualitative study of self‐management experiences in people with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Jang Yeonsoo , Lee Ji Yea , Kim Seung Up , Kim Beomkyung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore the experiences of self‐management in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).DesignThe study employed an exploratory descriptive qualitative study using focus group interviews.MethodsTwelve participants with NAFLD were recruited from a university hospital in South Korea. The date of data collection was from November–December 2018, and the data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes and seven subthemes were identified. The themes were (1) facing unexpected obstacles, (2) finding my own path and (3) unmet support needs from healthcare providers. Subthemes included (1) ambiguity in changing lifestyle, (2) confusion caused by inconsistent information overload, (3) not knowing much about the liver nor NAFLD, (4) putting small plans into action every day, (5) getting help from family and friends as care partners, (6) needs for tailored medical help and (7) needs for caring and attentive attitudes.
Flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam composites based on iron tailings and aluminum phosphate: A novel strategy for utilizing industrial solid wastes
Authors: Yang Yadong , Zhang Guangyi , Yu Feng , Liu Mengru , Yang Sujie , Tang Gang , Xu Xiangrong , Wang Bibo , Liu Xiuyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo widen the application field of iron tailings (ITs) and explore ITs potential use‐value, ITs and aluminum phosphate (AHP) were introduced to prepare flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam (FR‐RPUF) composites. The chemical composition and mineral composition of ITs were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, combustion performance and gas‐phase products of FR‐RPUF composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index, underwriters laboratories vertical burning test (UL‐94), thermogravimetry (TG), cone calorimetry and thermogravimetric‐infrared spectrometry (TG‐FTIR). TG confirmed that ITs could effectively improve the thermal stability of FR‐RPUF composites at high temperature. Cone calorimetry implied that ITs could significantly reduce heat release and toxic smoke release and thus improve the fire safety of the composites. TG‐FTIR indicated that ITs effectively reduced the release intensity of hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, CO, isocyanates and esters. Scanning electron microscope and Raman spectra showed ITs could improve the compactness and graphitization degree of the char residues for FR‐RPUF composites.
Poly(acrylated epoxidized soybean oil)‐modified carbon nanotubes and their application in epoxidized soybean oil‐based thermoset composites
Authors: Tang Qiuyu , Li Qian , Pan Xun , Xi Zhenhao , Zhao Ling 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPoly(acrylated epoxidized soybean oil) (PAESO) has been grafted on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer reaction (RAFT). MWCNTs–PAESO as reinforcement has been successfully applied to prepare epoxidized soybean oil/maleopimaric‐based thermosetting composites with good dispersion through probe ultrasonic treatment in ethyl acetate. Micromorphology analyses on composites by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show that MWCNTs–PAESO has better dispersion stability in both ethyl acetate and epoxy matrix and better interface bonding effect with cured matrix, resulting in more uniformly and separately dispersed behavior than hydroxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Correspondingly, by the method of molecular dynamics simulation, it is verified that the nonbond energy and van der Waals force of CNTs–PAESO in solvent can be relatively reduced, and that CNTs–PAESO possesses higher binding energy with matrix compared with CNTsOH. Therefore, MWCNTs–PAESO and PAESO have synergistic enhancement on the mechanical properties of composites demonstrated by rheology testing and dynamic mechanical analysis. The appropriate amount of MWCNTs–PAESO loading at 0.15 wt% can increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) of thermoset from 83.8 to 96.3°C, resulting in the improvement of both mechanical and thermal properties. These results show that surface‐grafting MWCNTs with homologous polymer can effectively increase the interfacial compatibility between matrix and MWCNTs, thereby improving the thermal and mechanical properties of composites.
MWCNT, nano‐silica, and nano‐clay additives effects on adhesion performance of dissimilar materials bonded joints
Authors: Cakir Mehmet Veysel , Kinay Didem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge vehicles, ships, and airplanes are made of hybrid structures with a combination of metal and composite materials. Aluminum and fiber composites are widely used in the aerospace, automotive, and marine industries due to their high strength/weight ratios. In these industries, adhesive joints are preferred as the primary method of forming structural joints. Although the use of adhesives in a combination with different materials provides many advantages over mechanical methods, efforts are being made to increase the strength of the adhesive connection. In this study, three different nanoparticles such as nanosilica, nanoclay, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were added to a commercial epoxy adhesive (Araldite 2014), and the shear strengths of single‐lap joints made of aluminum and glass fiber reinforced polymer composite were investigated. According to the experimental results, adding nanoparticles increased the strength of the bonded joints. The best increase was determined as 62% for the connection with 0.5 wt% MWCNTs added. On the other hand, the improvement in the bond with 1.5 wt% nanoclay was found to be 37.8%, while the improvement in the bond with 1.5% nanosilica was 43.3%. Failure types of samples after the mechanical tests were analyzed by taking macro and scanning electron microscopy images from the overlap sides.
Non‐invasive prenatal testing suggesting a maternal malignancy: What do we tell the prospective parents in Belgium?
Authors: Lannoo Lore , Lenaerts Liesbeth , Van Den Bogaert Kris , Che Huiwen , Brison Nathalie , Devriendt Koen , Amant Frédéric , Vermeesch Joris Robert , Van Calsteren Kristel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCancer is diagnosed in one in 1000 to 1500 pregnancies. Most frequently encountered malignancies during pregnancy are breast cancer, hematological cancer, cervical cancer and malignant melanoma. Maternal cancer is associated with an increased risk of IUGR and preterm labor, especially in patients with systemic disease or those receiving chemotherapy during pregnancy, requiring a high‐risk obstetrical follow‐up. Fetal aneuploidy screening by non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) can lead to the incidental identification of copy number alterations derived from non‐fetal cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), as seen in certain cases of maternal malignancy. The identification of tumor‐derived cfDNA requires further clinical, biochemical, radiographic and histological investigations to confirm the diagnosis. In such cases, reliable risk estimation for fetal trisomy 21, 18 and 13 is impossible. Therefore, invasive testing should be offered when ultrasonographic screening reveals an increased risk for chromosomal anomalies, or when a more accurate test is desired. When the fetal karyotype is normal, long term implications for the fetus refer to the consequences of the maternal disease and treatment during pregnancy. This manuscript addresses parental questions when NIPT suggests a maternal malignancy. Based on current evidence and our own experience, a clinical management scheme in a multidisciplinary setting is proposed.
Dual Nakamura model for primary and secondary crystallization applied to nonisothermal crystallization of poly(ether ether ketone)
Authors: Seo Jiho , Zhang Xiaoshi , Schaake Richard P. , Rhoades Alicyn M. , Colby Ralph H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNon‐isothermal crystallization kinetics has been traditionally predicted using the Nakamura crystal growth model, which is an integral form of the Avrami equation under the assumption that the non‐isothermal kinetics can be explained using a series of infinitesimal isothermal steps. However, the Nakamura model often overpredicts crystal fraction near the end of crystallization because of ignoring slower secondary crystallization kinetics. In this study, the dual Nakamura model is proposed to capture both primary and secondary crystallization kinetics of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). First, non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of PEEK is monitored at five constant cooling rates of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 K/min via differential scanning calorimetry. The dual Nakamura model, which contains a smaller secondary Avrami exponent () to account for the secondary crystallization, is fitted to the exothermal heat flow curves. The dual Nakamura model successfully describes the final stage of crystallization at all cooling rates by reducing the crystal growth dimension from = 3 for primary crystallization to .
Impact of sleep‐disordered breathing on behavior and quality of life in children aged 2 to 7 years with non‐syndromic cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Moraleda‐Cibrián Marta , Edwards Sean P. , Kasten Steven J. , Warschausky Seth A. , Buchman Steven R. , Monasterio‐Ponsa Carme , O'Brien Louise M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionChildren with cleft are at high risk for sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). However, little is known about the impact of SDB in this pediatric population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SDB play a role in behavior and quality of life (QoL) in young children with cleft.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 95 children aged 2.0–7.9 years with cleft palate. Parents completed a sleep (Pediatric Sleep questionnaire), a behavior (Conners' Early Childhood scale), and a generic health‐related QoL (KINDL questionnaire) assessment. Symptomatic children were referred for a polysomnography (PSG).ResultsOverall, 14.7% of children (49.5% boys) screened positive for SDB and 27.4% had a PSG, which identified 84.6% with sleep apnea (apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI] ≥1) and 27.2% with AHI ≥5. Positive screening for SDB was associated with elevated T‐scores for anxiety and physical symptoms, significant differences in mean T‐scores for inattention/hyperactivity (64.2 ± 15.7 vs. 53.9 ± 11.4, p = .02), social functioning/atypical behaviour, social functioning (60.6 ± 11.7 vs. 51.9 ± 7.3, p = .004 and 59.5 ± 10.9 vs. 51.2 ± 8.0, p = .01) and mood (57.5 ± 8.2 vs. 50.7 ± 8.2, p = .03). Lower QoL scores for emotional and family well‐being were also reported in children with SDB (80.7 ± 13.4 vs. 90.0 ± 8.7, p = .01, 66.7 ± 15.8 vs. 76.9 ± 11.9, p = .04). Children with AHI ≥5 compared to those with AHI ≥1 and <5 showed significant differences in mean T‐score for aggressive behaviour (65.2 ± 12.1 vs. 52.3 ± 11.3, p = .04), defiant temper (62.8 ± 9.2 vs. 51.6 ± 10.2, p = .03) and lower family QoL scores (59.4 ± 15.2 vs. 77.1 ± 9.6, p = .006).ConclusionsIn children with cleft palate the presence of SDB symptoms and moderate/severe sleep apnea was associated with behavioral (internalizing/externalizing) problems and lower family well‐being.
Association between electronic cigarette use in children and adolescents and coughing a systematic review
Authors: Bourke Michael , Sharif Naseem , Narayan Omendra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) among adolescents is increasing worldwide. E‐cigarettes are marketed as a safe alternative to other tobacco products. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether e‐cigarette use in children and adolescents is associated with coughing.MethodStudies were identified through systematic searches of Excerpta Medica Database, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, British Nursing Index, OVID Emcare, Health Management Information Consortium, PsycINFO, and Allied and Complementary Medicine. The Grey Literature was also searched. Selected studies either contained only children and adolescents as study participants or if adults were included, the data for adolescents and children must be presented separately.ResultsSeven studies were selected from 104. Three studies compared e‐cigarette users with nonusers; two studies found a significant association between coughing and e‐cigarette use in adolescence. Two studies investigated whether adolescents attributed their symptoms to their e‐cigarette use. One study reported that coughing was the most likely negative symptom reported by adolescents on initiation of e‐cigarette use; the other study found that adolescents, on initiation of e‐cigarette use, reported coughing. Two studies looked at the cases of children and adolescents who had presented to the hospital after e‐cigarette use and found coughing was a common presenting symptom.ConclusionThis systematic review shows that adolescent use of e‐cigarettes is associated with increased coughing and e‐cigarette users are more likely to report coughing compared to non‐users.
Review of CFTR modulators 2020
Authors: Goetz Danielle M. , Savant Adrienne P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are small molecules that directly impact the CFTR protein, improving the function of the CFTR chloride and bicarbonate channel. Beginning in 2012 with the Food and Drug Administration approval of the first CFTR modulator, ivacaftor, this class of medications has had largely positive effects on many outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), including lung function, growth, and other clinical parameters. There have been continued exciting developments in the current research on CFTR modulators, expanding beyond original studies. This first part of a three‐part cystic fibrosis (CF) year in review 2020 will focus on research on CFTR modulators. In addition to reviewing new clinical insights, we describe work done on novel outcomes, adverse effects, issues related to cost, and next steps for clinical trials. The review focuses on articles from Pediatric Pulmonology published in 2020, but it includes articles from other journals that are of particular interest to clinicians. New developments in CF research continue to be brought forth to the CF community, deepening the understanding of this disease and improving clinical care.
Feasibility and efficacy of active remote monitoring of home ventilation in pediatrics
Authors: Thomas Alex , Langley Ross , Pabary Rishi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is used to treat children with sleep‐disordered breathing. Effective management requires good adherence. In response to the problem of reduced adherence over time, a pilot study using ventilators equipped with technology to remotely monitor home adherence was undertaken.MethodsFrom July 2019, children requiring PAP therapy consented for remote monitoring. Data collected included ventilator usage, apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), and mask leak. Parents were contacted on Days 14, 42, and 90 post‐establishment. A proforma was used to assess parental understanding and ways to improve therapy adherence. A parental feedback questionnaire was completed on Day 90 of the study.ResultsMedian nightly PAP usage over 90‐day post‐establishment was 6.58 h (interquartile range: 2.47–8.62); 60% of patients met criteria for good adherence (>4 h for >70% of nights). There was a decrease in median nightly usage in Week 1 (6.92 h) versus Week 12 (6.15 h), p =  0.04. Mask leak was higher in Week 1 (17.7 L/min) versus Week 12 (14.7 L/min), p =  0.053. There was no significant difference in AHI between Week 1 (2.7/h) versus Week 12 (2.3/h), p =  0.75. 45% of questionnaire respondents felt active remote monitoring positively influenced PAP usage, whilst 84% reported overall satisfaction with PAP therapy.ConclusionsRemote monitoring technology has the potential to guide adjustments in PAP therapy, monitor and improve adherence in children, and reduce the burden of hospital‐based review. Preliminary work shows high approval from parents.
Probing the Effects of Deuteration on the Structure and Thermal Behavior of TNT‐d5
Authors: Fang Zhuqing , Li Shukui , Liu Jiping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTNT and TNT‐d5 were synthesized through a nitration process in nitrating mixtures. The molecular structure, deuterium isotopic content, and C−H(D) bonds vibrational properties of them were investigated by 1H, 2H, and 13C NMR and FTIR. The results suggested that the methyl group of TNT‐d5 containing residual protons may have two 2H nuclei and one 1H nucleus (−CD2H). Furthermore, the deuteration of TNT resulted in an evident red‐shift phenomenon with the ratio of the stretch frequencies (
) is about 1.36. The effect of deuteration on the thermal decomposition of TNT is obtained in isothermal conditions. The isothermal decomposition of TNT and TNT‐d5 have obvious autocatalytic characters, and the Arrhenius constant of each reaction stage was obtained. For the non‐catalytic and catalytic decomposition stages, TNT has significant deuterium isotope effects (k1, H/k1, D=1.49, k2, H/k2, D=1.39). Meanwhile, the non‐isothermal decomposition kinetic parameters of TNT‐d5 and TNT were obtained using Kissinger's and Ozawa's methods. The values of apparent activation energy for TNT‐d5 (EK=129.91 kJ/mol, EO=133.12 kJ/mol) are higher than those for TNT (EK=113.43 kJ/mol, EO=117.21 kJ/mol), which implies the higher thermal stability of TNT‐d5. The calculated thermal explosion critical temperatures of TNT (Tb=564.54 K) and TNT‐d5 (Tb=578.02 K) also support this conclusion. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters of the non‐isothermal decomposition process were also calculated and discussed.
Surface salt bridges contribute to the extreme thermal stability of an FN3‐like domain from a thermophilic bacterium
Authors: Boucher Lauren , Somani Sandeep , Negron Christopher , Ma Wenting , Jacobs Steven , Chan Winnie , Malia Thomas , Obmolova Galina , Teplyakov Alexey , Gilliland Gary L. , Luo Jinquan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study uses differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray crystallography, and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural basis for the high thermal stability (melting temperature 97.5°C) of a FN3‐like protein domain from thermophilic bacteria Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (FN3tt). FN3tt adopts a typical FN3 fold with a three‐stranded beta sheet packing against a four‐stranded beta sheet. We identified three solvent exposed arginine residues (R23, R25, and R72), which stabilize the protein through salt bridge interactions with glutamic acid residues on adjacent strands. Alanine mutation of the three arginine residues reduced melting temperature by up to 22°C. Crystal structures of the wild type (WT) and a thermally destabilized (∆Tm −19.7°C) triple mutant (R23L/R25T/R72I) were found to be nearly identical, suggesting that the destabilization is due to interactions of the arginine residues. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the salt bridge interactions in the WT were stable and provided a dynamical explanation for the cooperativity observed between R23 and R25 based on calorimetry measurements. In addition, folding free energy changes computed using free energy perturbation molecular dynamics simulations showed high correlation with melting temperature changes. This work is another example of surface salt bridges contributing to the enhanced thermal stability of thermophilic proteins. The molecular dynamics simulation methods employed in this study may be broadly useful for in silico surface charge engineering of proteins.
Rosa Damascena mill for treating adults' anxiety, depression, and stress: A systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rasooli Taravat , Nasiri Morteza , Kargarzadeh Aliabadi Zeynab , Rajabi Mohammad Reza , Feizi Shahoo , Torkaman Mahya , Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki Sahar , Mohsenikhah Meisam , Rezaei Masoud , Abbasi Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Recent studies have reported conflicting findings on the antianxiety, antidepressant, and anti‐stress properties of Rosa Damascena Mill (RDM). Therefore, the present systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted on the effects of RDM for treating anxiety, depression, and stress amongst adults. The online data sources of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, and Scientific Information Database were searched from inception to June 30, 2021. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which examined the effects of RDM (in any form of administration) on adults' anxiety, depression, and stress, were included. A random‐effects model was applied to pool the data, and a total of 32 publications were included. The results of the meta‐analysis revealed that administration of RDM significantly reduced state anxiety (effect size [ES]: 24, standardized mean difference [SMD]: −1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.29, −1.20; p < .001), depression (ES: 7, SMD: −0.87, 95% CI: −1.47, −0.28; p = .004), and stress (ES: 4, SMD: −1.33, 95% CI: −1.98, −0.69; p < .001). However, the treatment had no significant effect on trait anxiety (ES: 6, weighted mean difference: −0.75, 95% CI: −1.93, 0.43; p = .214). The association between the total administration dosage and/or duration of RDM and the changes in state anxiety and depression was not dose‐dependent. Most RCTs had a fair methodological quality based on the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Besides, the quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Hence, further high‐quality RCTs are needed to draw reliable conclusions regarding the use of RDM for treating adults' anxiety, depression, and stress.