bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between a Traumatic Past and an Uncertain Future: a study on the representations of the Ottoman defeat in the Balkan War (1912-1913)
Authors: Sena Edmar Avelar , Di Lorenzo Guilherme , Oliveira Alaor Souza 
Published: April 2021

Resumo: A derrota na Guerra dos Balcãs (1912-1913) foi um momento crítico para o Império Otomano. Foi um acontecimento traumático que desafiou os princípios e projetos até então vigentes e deu início a um período de profunda incerteza quanto ao futuro do Império. O artigo busca analisar algumas das representações sobre o trauma da derrota e o futuro do Império Otomano por meio dos editoriais de um jornal otomano, La Jeune Turquie, publicado em Paris durante o conflito. A intenção não é apresentar um quadro detalhado e abrangente das várias narrativas sobre o conflito, mas avaliar alguns dos impasses sobre o evento. Mais especificamente, procuramos apresentar a Guerra dos Balcãs como um período liminar. Foi uma experiência traumática que constituiu um rearranjo de tendências existentes, desvelando novas expectativas para o futuro. O argumento aqui apresentado é que mais do que um "ponto sem volta", a derrota trouxe um novo horizonte de expectativas para os líderes otomanos.
Palavras-chave: Império Otomano, Guerras dos Balcãs, Nacionalismo
Behavioral response ofPanonychus citri(McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) to synthetic chemicals and oils
Authors: Qayyoum Muhammad Asif , Song Zi-Wei , Zhang Bao-Xin , Li Dun-Song , Khan Bilal Saeed 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPanonychus citri(McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) population outbreaks after the citrus plantation’s chemical application is a common observation. Dispersal behavior is an essential tool to understand the secondary outbreak ofP. citripopulation. Therefore, in the current study, the dispersal activity ofP. citriwas observed on the leaf surfaces ofCitrus reticulata(Rutaceae) treated with SYP-9625, abamectin, vegetable oil, and EnSpray 99.MethodMites were released on the first (apex) leaf of the plant (adaxial surface) and data were recorded after 24 h. The treated, untreated, and half-treated data were analyzed by combining the leaf surfaces (adaxial right, adaxial left, abaxial right, and abaxial left). All experiments were performed in open-air environmental conditions.ResultsThe maximum number of mites was captured on the un-treated or half-treated surfaces due to chemicals repellency. Chemical bioassays of the free-choice test showed that all treatments significantly increased the mortality ofP. citridepending on application method and concentration. A significant number of mites repelled away from treated surfaces and within treated surfaces except adaxial left and abaxial right surfaces at LC30. In the no-choice test, SYP-9625 gave maximum mortality and dispersal by oils than others. No significant differences were observed within the adaxial and abaxial except abaxial surface at LC30. Therefore, the presence of tested acaricides interferes withP. citridispersal within leaf surfaces of plantations depending on the mites released point and a preferred site for feeding.
Characteristics of patients discontinuing outpatient services under long-term care insurance and its effect on frailty during COVID-19
Authors: Hirose Tamaki , Sawaya Yohei , Shiba Takahiro , Ishizaka Masahiro , Onoda Ko , Kubo Akira , Urano Tomohiko 
Published: April 2021

Background
Among community-dwelling older adults who require long-term care and use outpatient rehabilitation services, we aimed to examine the characteristics of patients who discontinued using outpatient rehabilitation services to prevent exposure to COVID-19 and the effects of this discontinuation on patient frailty.

Methods
Participants were 119 older adults (69 males, 50 females; average age 77.3 ± 8.3 years) requiring long-term care who used outpatient rehabilitation services. Our outpatient rehabilitation service involved day care for older adults undergoing rehabilitation including pick-up and drop-off services under the long-term care insurance system. They were divided into two groups: participants who discontinued using outpatient rehabilitation services and participants who continued their use. To find the factors associated with this discontinuation, binomial logistic regression analysis was performed, in which the following independent variables were used: gender, age, height, weight, long-term care level, grip strength, and normal walking speed. Frailty status was investigated in April 2020 and again in September 2020 through interviews and telephone surveys utilizing the Frailty Screening Index.

Results
Women and normal walking speed were independent factors associated with the discontinuation of outpatient rehabilitation due to COVID-19. According to the results of the Frailty Screening Index, similar tendencies were exhibited in both April and September. The discontinued group indicated that they were getting less exercise and having stronger feelings of fatigue than the continuing group.

Conclusions
The findings are in accordance with other studies indicating that women are more likely to employ prevention measures against COVID-19, as seen among the community-dwelling older adults requiring long-term care who used outpatient rehabilitation services. People with higher levels of physical function were also likely to refrain from using outpatient rehabilitation services. Results further suggested that the discontinued group had more frailty-related factors (i.e., low physical activity and strong exhaustion) than the continuing group.
Evaluating Properties and Performance of Long Memory Models from an Emerging Foreign Markets Return Innovations
Authors: Dum Deebom  Zorle , Essi Isaac  Didi , Emeka Amos 
Published: April 2021

The study investigates evaluate properties and performance of long memory models from emerging foreign markets return innovations between 1991 - 2020. The purpose of the study includes; investigate the persistence of shocks in Nigerian international markets, model long-range dependence, test the efficient markets hypothesis using fractionally integrated volatility models, develop an appropriate long memory model for Nigerian international markets, compare the advantages between short and long memory models in modeling for the returns in Nigerian international Markets and Give forecast values for future occurrences. The design for the study was an ex post facto research design. The data used for this study were Nigerian crude oil prices (Dollar per Barrel), exchange rate, and Agricultural Commodity prices extracted from the website of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) www.cbn.ng. The total data points were 1044 and it spanned from 1st January 1991 to 30th January 2020. The statistical software used for data analysis was STATA 15 and OX metrics version 7. In an attempt to achieve the aim of the study, parametric and non-parametric methods of detecting Long Memory were applied. The study applied short and long memory models in an attempt to spot out the deficiencies associated with the short memory models. The results confirmed the presence of long memory in sales and returns on prices in Nigerian international markets. The presence of long memory in both sales and returns on prices in Nigerian International markets disprove the efficient market hypothesis which says that the future returns and volatility values are unpredictable. Similarly, base on performance evaluation using the Akaike information criteria, ARFIMA(1,-0.021,1) model was found to be the best fit model to the data after checking the adequacy of the model selected. Sequel to the above, it was recommended that there is a need for a strong financial and economic reform policy to curb persistent shocks in Nigerian international markets. This is because a stable local financial currency builds confidence in an economy, especially when foreign investors intend to invest in the country’s economy. For example, exchange rate policies also trim down the desire for local investors to trade in the international market. Also, for empirical estimation of long memory sales and returns on prices in Nigeria international markets, ARFIMA(1,-0.021,1) model should be considered appropriate. Two years (January, 20 to Dec-22) step ahead forecast shows that the predicted value for Cocoa Bean Sale using the ARFIMA (1,-0.021,1) falls between the range of 1.907247 to 1.915947.
The Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Ultrasound-Guided Caudal Block for Hip Surgery in Pediatrics: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Salim Islam M. , Rahwan Shimaa M. EL. , Elyazd Mohamed M. Abu , Elnasr Lobna M. Abo 
Published: April 2021

Background: Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum (QL) block, is local anesthetic technique providing perioperative somatic, perhaps even visceral, analgesia for patients of all ages. The aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided anterior QL block versus ultrasound-guided caudal block in pediatric patients undergoing hip surgery.
Patients and Methods: This prospective, randomized study was carried out on seventy patients aged 1-7 years, of both with ASA physical status I or II scheduled for elective surgical correction of developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH).
Anterior QL Block Group: Patients received ipsilateral ultrasound-guided anterior QL block after induction of general anesthesia using of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.5 mL/kg).
Caudal Block Group: Patients received ultrasound-guided caudal block after induction of general anesthesia using of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.75 mL/kg). Postoperative pain scores were assessed on admission to PACU and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h postoperative. Total intraoperative fentanyl (µg) consumption, total postoperative rescue analgesic (morphine) consumption, time to the first rescue analgesic administration and Parent satisfaction were assessed. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure had been recorded pre–operative, every 15 min intra-operative , and postoperative on admission to PACU and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h postoperative. Any undesirable side effects during the first 24 hours such as, bradycardia, hypotension, local hematoma at the side of injection, nausea and vomiting had been recorded.
Results: The median FLACC score was significantly lower in anterior QL block group than caudal block group at 4,6,8 and 12h postoperative (P<0.001). Total intraoperative fentanyl (µg) consumption was insignificant different between both groups (P=0.862). Post-operative morphine consumption was significantly lower in anterior QL group compared to caudal group (P<0.001). Time to first postoperative analgesic requirement was significantly prolonged in anterior QL block group compared to caudal block group (P < 0.001). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was insignificantly different between both groups (P > 0.999).
Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided anterior QL block provided effective and long lasting postoperative analgesia than ultrasound-guided caudal block with lesser postoperative analgesic consumption in pediatric patients undergoing surgical correction of DDH.
Strength Development, Muscle and Tissue Damage in Different Training Models
Authors: Akbulut Taner , Çinar Vedat , Öner Salih , Erdoğan Ramazan 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of during six weeks core and weight lifting trainings on strength development, muscle and tissue damage which may occur.
Method: The research group consisted of sixteen volunteers who participated in the same age group. Participants were divided into two groups, core training group (n: 8) and weight lifting training group (n: 8). Participants continued to the program for the group to which the belonged lasted for three days a week for six weeks. Participant’s performance measures (Back and leg strength, hand grip strength, vertical jump) were taken and blood samples were taken twice at rest before and at the end of the training sessions. AST, ALT, LDH, CK and CK-MB levels were determined in the blood samples taken. SPSS 22 package program was used in the analysis of the obtained data. Paired samples t test was used for intra-group comparisons.
Results: When intra-group analyses are made; there were significant differences in the leg strength, vertical jump, CK and CK-MB values of the weight lifting training group, it was determined that only differences in back and leg strength values occurred in the core training group(p<0,05).
Conclusion: As a result, both core and weight lifting training have led to some improvement in strength parameters. It can be said that especially weight lifting training also causes muscle damage as well as strength development.
Desulfococcaceae
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

De.sul.fo.coc.ca.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfococcus
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfococcaceae
, the family of
Desulfococcus
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfococcaceae

Cells are oval to lemon shaped and occur singly, in pairs, or as multicellular filaments. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motility is restricted to filaments by gliding, and other forms are nonmotile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Simple organic compounds such as formate, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acid, or aromatic compounds (some species) serve as sole electron donors and carbon sources and are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Chemolithoautotrophic growth on H
2
and CO
2
might occur. Sulfate and often also sulfite and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Fermentation of organic compounds is restricted to the genus
Desulfococcus
. Mesophilic. The major menaquinones are MK‐7 and MK‐9. Desulfoviridin is only present in the genus
Desulfonema
. Cytochromes of the c type might occur. The family currently accommodates two genera. Members of this family are found in anoxic sediments of freshwater, brackish water, and marine systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 38.2–58.3 (
T
m
, LC, genome).

Type genus
:
Desulfococcus
Widdel 1981
VP
(Effective publication: Widdel 1980).
Smithellaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Smith.el.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Smithella
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Smithellaceae
, the family of
Smithella
.

Desulfobacterota / Syntrophia / Syntrophales / Smithellaceae

Cells are rod shaped and elongated and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Weakly motile. Strict anaerobes with fermentative and syntrophic types of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic. Grows in pure culture on crotonate as energy source; other organic compounds such as butyrate, propionate, malate, and fumarate are only used in syntrophic association with H
2
‐ or formate‐utilizing microorganisms. Mesophilic and neutrophilic. The major menaquinone, polar lipids, and fatty acids are not known. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Smithella
. Seems to be present only in methanogenic environments in which propionate is degraded, such as anaerobic digestors and oil fields.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: Not reported.

Type genus
:
Smithella
Liu et al. 1999
VP
.
Desulfosudaceae
fam. nov.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

De.sul.fo.su.da.ce'a.e. N.L. fem. n.
Desulfosudis
, a type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfosudaceae
, the family of
Desulfosudis
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfosudaceae

Cells are rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Nonmotile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs. Long chain alkanes and alkenes and short and long‐chain fatty acids are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate serves as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to sulfide. Neutrophile, with the optimal pH range for growth of 7.0–7.2. Mesophile, with the optimal temperature for growth of 28°C. The major menaquinone and polar lipids are not known. The cellular fatty acid profiles depend on the growth substrates. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Desulfosudis
. The type strain of the genus was isolated from an oil/water separator of an oilfield close to Hamburg, Northern Germany. Seems to be present only in oil‐polluted anoxic marine systems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.2 (genome).

Type genus
:
Desulfosudis
gen. nov. Galushko and Kuever, 2020.
An algebraic, distributed state observer for continuous‐ and discrete‐time linear time‐invariant systems with time‐varying communication graphs
Authors: Ortega Romeo , Nuño Emmanuel , Bobtsov Alexey 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn this paper we address the problem of distributed state
estimation of continuous‐ and discrete‐time stable, LTI systems. The
classical observer canonical form representation of the system dynamics is used
to identify the observable states for each node (agent). The main novelty of
our contribution is to obviate the need of the asymptotically (or finite‐time)
local Luenberger observers. Instead, following the generalized parameter
estimation‐based observer design approach, we use the state transition matrix
of the system to translate the problem of reconstruction of the observable
states into one of parameter estimation‐‐‐namely, the initial conditions
of the associated trajectory. Exploiting the local observability property of
the agents we prove that, with a simple sample‐and‐hold or finite summation
operation, it is possible to estimate these parameters algebraically.
Consensus strategies are then used to fuse the parameter estimates of all
agents to reconstruct the complete state vector. Asymptotic or finite
convergence time of the observer are established for several scenarios for the
graph, including time‐varying, switching and with transmission delays.
Everything You See is Yours: Step Towards the Certainty of Uncertainty
Authors: Spyropoulos Theodore 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDirector of the Architectural Association Design Research Lab (AADRL) and co‐founder of Minimaforms in London, Theodore Spyropoulos describes the necessity to construct artificially intelligent environments that explore our technological sphere so that we may better understand and actively participate in the emerging complexities.
Models as Objects: The Installation as Architectural Encounter
Authors: Craig James A , Ozga‐Lawn Matt 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransgressing traditional conceptions of the model and architectural intervention, in the work of their practice Stasus James A Craig and Matt Ozga‐Lawn seek to create a sense of suspended pleasure by partially accommodating the viewer in their installations, giving rise to fleeting fluctuations in the perception of the architecture and its site history.
From Mimicry to Coupling: Some Differences, Challenges and Opportunities of Bio‐Hybrid Architectures
Authors: Ayres Phil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhil Ayres is an associate professor at the Centre for Information Technology and Architecture (CITA) in Copenhagen. Here he discusses bio‐hybrid structures and their novel applications in creating ‘greener’ worldmodelling architectural outcomes at odds with established formal tectonic tropes.
Ullmann‐Goldberg and Buchwald‐Hartwig C−N Cross Couplings: Synthetic Methods to Pharmaceutically Potential N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Seifinoferest Behnoush , Tanbakouchian Arezoo , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Carbon‐Nitrogen bond formation has always been an important and useful tool in drug discovery. Its wide applications in synthesizing N‐heterocycles, known as the most prevalent moiety in the active pharmacophores, have attracted increasing attention from researchers. In recent years many works were devoted to finding new and more rapid and effective chemo‐ and regio‐selective methods for the synthesis of N‐containing heterocycles. Buchwald‐Hartwig and Ullman‐Goldberg are two proven efficient methods for synthesizing five, six, and seven‐membered heterocycles found abundantly in literature. Here, we study these two amination methods more precisely, based on the reaction conditions and the products.
Shorter distal forelimbs benefit bipedal walking and running mechanics: Implications for hominin forelimb evolution
Authors: Yegian Andrew K. , Tucker Yanish , Gillinov Stephen , Lieberman Daniel E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesBrachial index is a skeletal ratio that describes the relative length of the distal forelimb. Over the course of hominin evolution, a shift toward smaller brachial indices occurred. First, Pleistocene australopiths yield values between extant chimpanzees and humans, with further evolution in Pliocene Homo to the modern human range. We hypothesized that shorter distal forelimbs benefit walking and running performance, notably elbow and shoulder joint torques, and predicted that the benefit would be greater in running compared to walking.Materials and methodsWe tested our hypothesis in a modern human sample walking and running while carrying hand weights, which increase the inertia (mass and effective length) of the distal forelimb, simulating a larger brachial index.ResultsWe found longer distal forelimbs and the added mass increased elbow muscle torque by 98% while walking and 70% in running, confirming our hypothesis that shorter distal forelimbs benefit walking and running performance. Shoulder muscle torque similarly increased in both gaits with the addition of hand weights due to elongation of the effective forelimb length. Normalized elbow torque, which accounted for the effect on shoulder torque caused by the experimental manipulation, increased by 16% while walking but 52% while running, indicating that shorter distal forelimbs provide a greater benefit for running by approximately three‐fold.DiscussionSelection for economical bipedal walking in Australopithecus and endurance running in Homo likely contributed to the shift toward relatively smaller distal forelimbs across hominin evolution, with modern human proportions attained in Pleistocene Homo erectus and retained in later species.
Heteroatom Cycloaddition at the (BN)2Bay Region of Dibenzoperylene
Authors: Fingerle Michael , Dingerkus Juliane , Schubert Hartmut , Wurst Kai M. , Scheele Marcus , Bettinger Holger F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCycloaddition‐dehydration involving a BNBN‐butadiene analogue at the bay region of a dibenzoperylene and a non‐enolizable aldehyde provides a novel strategy for incorporation of the oxadiazadiborinane (B2N2CO) ring into the scaffold of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon resulting in highly emissive compounds.