bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effects of interventions made according to the Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold Model on the care outcomes of Alzheimer patients and their families: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Duru Aşiret Güler , Kütmeç Yılmaz Cemile , Sayın Kasar Kadriye 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the non‐pharmacological methods used to reduce behavioural problems of Alzheimer's patients and the negative emotions accordingly experienced by caregivers consists of interventions performed according to the Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold (PLST) model.MethodsThis randomized controlled study aimed to determine the effect of interventions performed according to PLST on the care burden, care satisfaction, and life satisfaction of caregivers of middle and advanced stage Alzheimer's disease patients, and on the neuropsychiatric symptoms and agitation levels of these patients. The research was conducted with a total of 29 caregivers divided into intervention (15) and control (14) groups. Data were collected using an Introductory Information Form, plus the Standardised Mini‐Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Carer's Assessment of Satisfaction Index, and Life Satisfaction Scale. Three home visits were made to the caregivers by the researchers in the first, second, and twelfth weeks of the intervention. During the home visits, face‐to‐face training was given as necessary to the individual caring for problems identified in the nursing care plan according to PLST.ResultsAs a result of the PLST training, there was a decrease in the behavioural problems of Alzheimer's patients, along with a decrease in the care burden of the caregivers and an increase in their care satisfaction. When the scale total scores of the individuals in the intervention and control groups were compared, it was found that only caregivers' care satisfaction increased at a statistically significant level (P < 0.05).ConclusionAt the end of the training given according to PLST, it was found that behavioural problems of Alzheimer's patients and the care burden of caregivers had decreased, and the care satisfaction of caregivers increased. It is recommended that Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers be given training and interventions according to PLST.
Presentation of unpaired unconditional stimuli during extinction reduces renewal of conditional fear and slows re‐acquisition
Authors: Lipp Ottmar V. , Ryan Katherine M. , Luck Camilla C. , Craske Michelle G. , Waters Allison M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPast research has shown that presenting unconditional stimuli (US) during extinction training, either paired with the conditional stimulus (CS) or explicitly unpaired, can reduce spontaneous recovery and slow the re‐acquisition of conditional fear. Whether contextual renewal of conditioned fear as indexed by electrodermal responses and self‐report measures of anxiety and CS evaluations is also reduced after presentation of paired or unpaired USs during extinction training is currently unclear. Three groups of participants (Paired, Unpaired, Standard Extinction) completed a sequence of habituation, acquisition, extinction, renewal, and re‐acquisition phases. During extinction, five CS–US pairings were presented in group Paired, whereas five US were presented alone in group Unpaired. No US were presented during standard extinction. For all groups, extinction was conducted in a context that was different from that of the other phases. Extinction of differential electrodermal responding was evident in groups Unpaired and Standard, but not in group Paired. Contextual renewal and fast re‐acquisition, as indexed by differential electrodermal responding, were evident in group Standard, but not in group Unpaired and differential electrodermal responding persisted in group Paired. After extinction, self‐reported anxiety was higher in groups Paired and Unpaired, but differential CS evaluations were evident in group Paired only. The current results suggest that presenting additional unpaired USs during extinction training strengthens extinction and protects against the renewal of differential electrodermal responding.
A Multiperiod Model for Assessing the Socioeconomic Impacts of Oil Spills during Arctic Shipping
Authors: Afenyo Mawuli , Ng Adolf K.Y. , Jiang Changmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the rate of ice melt in the Arctic increases, the potential for shipping activities is also increasing. However, infrastructure along the northwest passage (NWP) in Canada's Arctic is almost nonexistent. This presents major challenges to any response efforts in the case of a natural disaster. Also, the Arctic is home to many indigenous communities, as well as flora and fauna. Thus, it is of vital importance to protect the livelihood of the rights holders in this area and the Arctic marine environment. To do this, it is necessary to develop a decision‐making tool to assess the potential risk of pollutants arising from increased shipping activity. Understanding such, this article assesses the impacts of a potential oil spill on communities in the Canadian Arctic. The consequences of risk are presented using a multiperiod model while the likelihood is analyzed using Bayesian Network. The output of the multiperiod model is incorporated into an influence diagram for risk assessment purposes. The Bayesian model benefits from expert elicitation from the crew aboard a research ship passing through the NWP. Information was also obtained from marine insurance companies, government representatives, and other Arctic specialized professionals. The risk‐based model is subsequently applied to the Canadian Arctic area, with the aim of evaluating the impact of a potential oil spill through shipping.
A meta‐analysis on the effect of periodontal treatment on the glomerular filtration rate of chronic kidney disease individuals
Authors: da Silva Thales Araújo , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Esteves Lima Rafael Paschoal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe purpose of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess the impact of periodontal treatment on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsSearches were conducted in five databases. Restrictions on publication date or language were not imposed. Studies reporting the GFR of CKD individuals before and after periodontal treatment were included. Studies’ selection, extraction of data and assessment of risk of bias were performed by two reviewers independently. The Methodological Index for non‐randomized studies was employed for risk of bias assessment. Meta‐analysis was carried out.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐two references were retrieved and three studies were included. In all studies included, the periodontal intervention performed was non‐surgical therapy. The three studies together assessed 77 individuals. The follow‐up of participants after periodontal treatment varied between 3 and 6 months. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that the GFR of individuals with CKD increased (improvement) after periodontal treatment (mean difference = 7.01, confidence interval = 0.66 – 13.36, I2 = 0%). Overall, included studies presented low risk of bias.ConclusionDespite the limited evidence of this systematic review and meta‐analysis, periodontal treatment seems to improve the GFR of CKD individuals, with positive repercussions on their renal function.
Impaired cerebral blood flow regulation and cognition in male football players
Authors: Marley Christopher J. , Owens Thomas S. , Tsukamoto Hayato , Stacey Benjamin S. , Corkill Robin , Bailey Damian M. 
Published: July 2021

Football players are at increased risk of neurodegeneration, the likely consequence of repetitive mechanical trauma caused by heading the ball. However, to what extent a history of heading the ball affects cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation and its potential relationship to cognitive impairment is unknown. To address this, we recruited 16 concussion‐free male amateur football players (age: 25 ± 6 y) with a history of heading the ball (18 ± 6 y) and 18 sex, age, education, and activity‐matched controls with no prior history of contact sport participation or concussion. Cerebral perfusion was measured at rest and in response to both hyper/hypocapnia to determine cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVRCO2HYPER/HYPO) using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and capnography, with the sum reflecting the cerebral vasomotor range. Cognition and visuomotor coordination were assessed using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and the Grooved Pegboard Dexterity Test (GPD), respectively. While no differences in cerebral perfusion were observed (p = 0.938), CVRCO2HYPER/HYPO (p = 0.038/p = 0.025), cerebral vasomotor range (p = 0.002), MoCA (p = 0.027), and GPD performance (dominant hand, P ≤ 0.001) were consistently lower in the players compared to controls. These findings are the first to demonstrate that CBF regulation and cognition are collectively impaired in male football players with history of heading the ball, which may contribute to neurodegeneration.
Women's experiences of living with obesity during pregnancy, birthing, and postpartum: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Snelgrove-Clarke Erna , Macdonald Danielle , Helwig Melissa , Alsius Agnes 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to explore and understand women's experiences of living with obesity during the perinatal period to support evidence-informed approaches to care.

Introduction:
The rising incidence of maternal obesity is a serious global health problem. Qualitative studies exploring the viewpoints of pregnant women living with obesity have shown that some women report negative experiences associated with pregnancy, with some instances of current care management practices being perceived as confronting, judgmental, and generally unhelpful. Synthesizing qualitative findings about the experiences of pregnant and postpartum women who live with obesity can provide important insights into the general needs of this population and current gaps in health care practice.

Inclusion criteria:
All settings in which women who live with obesity during their pregnancies and receive health care for pregnancy, birthing, and postpartum care will be considered. Studies published from 1995 onward will be included. The review will consider all studies that present qualitative data including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, and feminist research.

Methods:
The following databases will be searched for this review: CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EBSCO), MEDLINE (Ovid), and Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched for unpublished studies. Each study will be assessed by two independent reviewers. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion. Data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The JBI resources for meta-aggregation will be used to create categories and synthesized findings.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020214762
Uncertainty Quantification Analysis on Silicon Electrodeposition Process Via Numerical Simulation Methods
Authors: Zheng Zhuoyuan , Wang Pingfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Silicon is one of the commonly used semiconductors for various industrial applications. Traditional silicon synthesis methods are often expensive and cannot meet the continuously growing demands for high-purity Si; electrodeposition is a promising and simple alternative. However, the electrodeposited products often possess nonuniform thicknesses due to various sources of uncertainty inherited from the fabrication process; to improve the quality of the coating products, it is crucial to better understand the influences of the sources of uncertainty. In this paper, uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis is performed on the silicon electrodeposition process to evaluate the impacts of various experimental operation parameters on the thickness variation of the coated silicon layer and to find the optimal experimental conditions. To mitigate the high experimental and computational cost issues, a Gaussian process (GP) based surrogate model is constructed to conduct the UQ study with finite element (FE) simulation results as training data. It is found that the GP surrogate model can efficiently and accurately estimate the performance of the electrodeposition given certain experimental operation parameters. The results show that the electrodeposition process is sensitive to the geometric settings of the experiments, i.e., distance and area ratio between the counter and working electrodes; whereas other conditions, such as the potential of the counter electrode, temperature, and ion concentration in the electrolyte bath are less important. Furthermore, the optimal operating condition to deposit silicon is proposed to minimize the thickness variation of the coated silicon layer and to enhance the reliability of the electrodeposition experiment.
Cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work and global cognitive function: the PROspective Quebec Study on Work and Health
Authors: Duchaine Caroline S. , Brisson Chantal , Talbot Denis , Gilbert-Ouimet Mahée , Trudel Xavier , Vézina Michel , Milot Alain , Diorio Caroline , Ndjaboué Ruth , Giguère Yves , Mâsse Benoît , Dionne Clermont E , Maunsell Elizabeth , Laurin Danielle 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesPsychosocial stressors at work have been proposed as modifiable risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work on cognitive function.MethodsThis study was conducted among 9188 white-collar workers recruited in 1991–1993 (T1), with follow-ups 8 (T2) and 24 years later (T3). After excluding death, losses to follow-up and retirees at T2, 5728 participants were included. Psychosocial stressors at work were measured according to the Karasek’s questionnaire. Global cognitive function was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Cumulative exposures to low psychological demand, low job control, passive job and high strain job were evaluated using marginal structural models including multiple imputation and inverse probability of censoring weighting.ResultsIn men, cumulative exposures (T1 and T2) to low psychological demand, low job control or passive job were associated with higher prevalences of more severe presentation of MCI (MSMCI) at T3 (Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs of 1.50 (1.16 to 1.94); 1.38 (1.07 to 1.79) and 1.55 (1.20 to 2.00), respectively), but not with milder presentation of MCI. In women, only exposure to low psychological demand or passive job at T2 was associated with higher prevalences of MSMCI at T3 (PRs and 95% CI of 1.39 (0.97 to 1.99) and 1.29 (0.94 to 1.76), respectively).ConclusionsThese results support the deleterious effect of a low stimulating job on cognitive function and the cognitive reserve theory. Psychosocial stressors at work could be part of the effort for the primary prevention of cognitive decline.
Early reduction of left atrial function predicts adverse clinical outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sabatino Jolanda , De Rosa Salvatore , Leo Isabella , Strangio Antonio , La Bella Sabrina , Sorrentino Sabato , Mongiardo Annalisa , Spaccarotella Carmen , Polimeni Alberto , Indolfi Ciro 
Published: July 2021

AimsTo investigate the changes in left atrial strain (LAS) after correction of severe aortic stenosis (AS) with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and assess its prognostic impact.Methods and resultsOne hundred consecutive patients with severe symptomatic AS who underwent TAVR at the Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro underwent echocardiographic examination including assessment of LAS before and after TAVR. Independent investigators collected outcome data and information. The primary study outcome was the difference in ΔLAS (postTAVR–preTAVR) between patients those met the main clinical endpoint (a composite of cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalisation) and those not meeting the endpoint.During a median follow-up of 31 months, 35 patients (35%) met the combined clinical endpoint. The difference between LAS post-TAVR and LAS pre-TAVR (ΔLAS) was significantly larger in patients who met the combined endpoint (HR=0.76 (0.67–0.86); p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis including ΔLAS, EuroSCORE II and left ventricular ejection fraction showed that ΔLAS (HR=0.80, p<0.001) was the only independent predictor of the combined clinical endpoint. Finally, a Kaplan-Maier analysis showed that patients with a ΔLAS above its median value had a significantly better event-free survival compared with those below the median (p<0.001).ConclusionsA lower reduction in ΔLAS after TAVR was an independent predictor of the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death and hospitalisation for heart failure.
Junior doctors and fitness to practice procedures in the UK: analysis of factors prompting tribunal referrals and outcomes
Authors: Grote Helen , Greig Flora 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTPurpose of the studyTo ascertain factors influencing referral to, and outcomes from medical tribunals for junior doctors with less than 7 years of postgraduate training.Study designA mixed methods analysis of 49 publicly available determinations from the UK Medical Practitioner Tribunal Service (MPTS) between 2014 and 2020 was undertaken. Data on demographics, training grade, type of case and outcomes from the tribunal were recorded. A qualitative thematic analysis of the determinations was also undertaken, with themes being identified based on frequency and pertinence to the process of determination.ResultsThe largest group of junior doctors referred to an MPTS tribunal (38%) was those on the foundation programme; in their first 2 years postgraduation. Fifty-three per cent of all junior doctors referred to a tribunal were erased from the medical register. Erasure from the register was significantly associated with male gender, less than 4 years postqualification, non-attendance at the tribunal hearing, lack of legal representation and lack of insight or remorse at the tribunal hearing. Several cases involved dishonesty in relation to academic achievements and workplace-based assessments.ConclusionConsideration should be given as to how best to support the transition in professional identity from student to doctor. Teaching medical professionalism should be a priority in undergraduate and early postgraduate education, with lessons from fitness to practice tribunals shared for educational purposes.
Removing residual airborne sensor motion for measuring seismic signals from a drone
Authors: Rapstine Thomas , Sava Paul 
Published: July 2021

Acquiring seismic data using drones requires excellent knowledge of the drone’s motion since positional measurements made from an airborne sensor represent a combination of sensor and ground motion. Recent advancements in laser Doppler vibrometry and repeat lidar surveys show that the frequency and resolution of non-contact motion measurements is increasing to the point necessary for measuring seismic signals. We explore the conditions under which separation of sensor motion from ground motion can be accomplished in practice. We assume (i) that the translation and rotation of a stabilized airborne sensor follows an analytic form in time that is either known or can be estimated from the sensor’s measurements, (ii) that the seismic signal we observe has compact support contained within the measurement window, and (iii) that the ground motion can be described by a rigid translation. We analyze the effectiveness of our signal separation problem as a function of peak signal, sensor noise level, sensor rotation angle, and sensor point sampling density by defining a boundary where SNR = 0 dB for various combinations of these parameters. We find that under the set of assumptions, lower rotation angles, lower sensor noise, and denser point samplings on the ground provide better signal separation using our method.
Upper limits on the temperature of inspiraling astrophysical black holes
Authors: Chung Adrian Ka-Wai , Sakellariadou Mairi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a method to constrain the temperature of astrophysical black holes through detecting the inspiral phase of binary black hole coalescences. At sufficient separation, inspiraling black holes can be regarded as isolated objects, hence their temperature can still be defined. Due to their intrinsic radiation, inspiraling black holes lose part of their masses during the inspiral phase. As a result, coalescence speeds up, introducing a correction to the orbital phase. We show that this dephasing may allow us to constrain the temperature of inspiraling black holes through gravitational-wave detection. Using the binary black-hole coalescences of the first two observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors, we constrain the temperature of parental black holes to be less than about $$ 10^9 $$

10
9

K. Such a constraint corresponds to luminosity of about $$ 10^{-16} M_{\odot }~\mathrm{s}^{-1} $$

10

-
16

M
⊙

s

-
1

for a black hole of $$ 20 M_{\odot } $$

20

M
⊙

, which is about 20 orders of magnitude below the peak luminosity of the corresponding gravitational-wave event, indicating no evidence for strong quantum-gravity effects through the detection of the inspiral phase.
Lithium isotopes in kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres as tracers of source components and processes related to supercontinent cycles
Authors: Krmíček Lukáš , Magna Tomáš , Pandey Ashutosh , Chalapathi Rao N. V. , Kynický Jindřich 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Our pilot study reveals potential Li isotope fingerprints recorded in the Mesoproterozoic (
c.
1.4–1.1 Ga) kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres from the Eastern Dharwar Craton and Paleocene (62 Ma) orangeite from the Bastar Craton in India. The new data are interpreted in the context of available Li isotope composition of lamproitic to lamprophyric rocks occurring in Variscan (Bohemian Massif) and Alpine–Himalayan (SW Tibet) orogenic belts formed in response to Gondwana–Pangea amalgamation and break-up. As a result of the development of supercontinents, kimberlites from the Eastern Dharwar Craton and ‘orangeite’ from the Bastar Craton show clear presence of a component with a heavy Li isotope signature (δ
7
Li up to 9.7‰) similar to ancient altered oceanic crust, whereas the Eastern Dharwar Craton lamproites (2.3–6.3‰) and lamprophyres (3.3–6.7‰) show Li isotope signatures indicative of a dominant contribution from heterogeneous lithospheric mantle. Variscan lamprophyric to lamproitic rocks and post-collisional mantle-derived (ultra)potassic volcanic rocks from SW Tibet, i.e. rocks from the orogenic belts outside the cratonic areas, are characterized by a clear Li isotope shift towards an isotopically lighter component (δ
7
Li as low as –9.5‰) comparable with the involvement of evolved continental crust and high-pressure metamorphic rocks in their orogenic mantle source. Such components with isotopically light Li are strikingly missing in the source of cratonic kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres.