bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioimpedance Spectroscopy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Insights on Fluid Status and Outcomes
Authors: Yang Shang-Feng , Liu I-Fan , Chang Hung-Yu , Teng Hsin-I , Tsao Tien-Ping , Tsai Shin-Hung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAcute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a leading cause of hospitalization, driven by fluid overload and associated with poor outcomes. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) provides a non-invasive method to assess fluid status, but its utility in predicting clinical outcomes, especially in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), remains unclear.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 157 patients hospitalized for ADHF. BIS was performed at admission and discharge to measure overhydration (OH) and the OH-to-extracellular water (OH/ECW) ratio. Patients were stratified into subgroups by CKD and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure hospitalization (HHF). Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, NT-proBNP, and ejection fraction, were used to evaluate the prognostic value of BIS parameters.ResultsAmong the 157 patients, 72 (45.9%) had CKD, and 111 (70.7%) had HFrEF. CKD patients exhibited significantly higher OH and OH/ECW ratios at admission but showed no association with MACE or HHF. Greater reductions in OH/ECW were observed in HFrEF patients compared to non-HFrEF (P = 0.036), indicating better response to diuresis. However, these changes did not translate into improved clinical outcomes. Across all subgroups, OH, OH/ECW, and changes in these parameters were not significant predictors of MACE or HHF during the 10.7 ± 7.1-month follow-up.ConclusionsBIS effectively monitors fluid status in ADHF patients, particularly in HFrEF. However, its prognostic utility in predicting outcomes in CKD and HFpEF subgroups is limited, warranting further investigation.
Association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Yao Xinwei , Yang Junyu , Zhang Tao , Pang Ying , Zhang Chunyu , Huang Dan , Ji Tongjie , Xu Siyi , Liu Min , Zhong Chunglong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of disability and mortality, accounting for 20-30% of acute cerebrovascular events. Resting heart rate (RHR) is an important vital sign linked to prognosis, particularly in cardiovascular diseases. This study investigates the association between RHR and all-cause mortality (ACM) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with ICH.MethodsData were extracted from the MIMIC-IV database. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on RHR. ACM at 30 days, 90 days, and one year was assessed. Kaplan-Meier curves, multivariate Cox regression, and restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the relationship between RHR and ACM, with receiver operating characteristic curves evaluating the predictive value of RHR >90.3 beats per minute (bpm).ResultsA total of 1,918 patients were included. Survival curves showed significantly higher mortality in higher RHR quartiles (Q3 and Q4) compared to Q1 and Q2. Multivariate Cox regression confirmed that RHR above the second quartile (RHR=78.5 bpm) was linked to higher mortality. Restricted cubic splines revealed a nonlinear relationship between elevated RHR and increased mortality.ConclusionsA resting heart rate below 90.3 bpm may serve as an independent protective factor against all-cause mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in the intensive care unit. In contrast, an elevated resting heart rate exceeding 90.3 bpm may be independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in this population.
AI Perspectives on the Present and Future of Antidepressant Pharmaceutical Treatment Based on Anti-inflammatory Strategies: A Scoping Review of Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Bo Yan , Chen Yifei , Liang Hsu Yi , Dai Haoran , Zhao Fengjiao , Wu Ming , Wang Youwei , Sha Ren 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDepression remains an unresolved issue on a global scale. Recently, a novel concept of ‘anti-inflammatory-based pharmacotherapy’ has been developed. Despite the role of inflammation in depression having been discussed in many reviews at various levels, the prevalence of this new concept in randomised controlled clinical studies and its implications remain elusive. The aim of this scoping review was precisely to explore in depth the current status of inflammation in randomised controlled clinical trial studies of depression.MethodsPubMed was systematically searched from inception to December 11 2024. Studies that researches on the treatment of depression based on anti-inflammatory strategies were included. Study characteristics and outcomes were extracted and organized thematically.Findings11 reports of randomised controlled clinical trials were included, which accumulated 119 depressed patients. All studies found that there is a connection between the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in treating depression and a large decrease in the levels of inflammatory markers in the blood of depressed patients compared to before treatment. Three inflammatory markers, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, were the most frequently mentioned. The current strategy of anti-inflammatory drug administration did not differ fundamentally from the previous strategy of traditional antidepressant drugs combined with psychotherapy.InterpretationAt present, the use of anti-inflammatory strategies for the pharmacological treatment of depression has limited research value and poor feasibility. The future direction of the new concept of anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of depression, proposed in the context of the association between inflammation and depression, is that psychiatrists, researchers, and psychotherapists should shift their future focus from pharmacological treatments based on anti-inflammatory strategies to non-pharmacological treatments of anti-inflammatory strategies, such as positive thinking, exercise, and so on. The popularity of purely clinical randomised controlled studies in the depression population is extremely low when considering the financial investment in research and the benefits of translating the results. In the future, public interest studies, low research costs, and research protocols with mass generalisability will be more likely to stimulate the depression community’s interest in participating in research. The potential value and feasibility of future research lies in the application of an integrated AI platform to assist pharmacological treatment of depression based on anti-inflammatory strategies.Registration DOI:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/A64GC
GLUCOSE: A Distributional Reinforcement Learning Model for Optimal Glucose Control After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Desman Jacob M. , Hong Zhang-Wei , Sabounchi Moein , Sawant Ashwin S. , Gill Jaskirat , Costa Ana C , Kumar Gagan , Sharma Rajeev , Gupta Arpeta , McCarthy Paul , Nandwani Veena , Powell Doug , Carideo Alexandra , Goodwin Donnie , Ahmed Sanam , Gidwani Umesh , Levin Matthew , Varghese Robin , Filsoufi Farzan , Freeman Robert , Shetreat-Klein Avniel , Charney Alexander W , Hofer Ira , Chan Lili , Reich David , Kovatch Patricia , Kohli-Seth Roopa , Kraft Monica , Agrawal Pulkit , Kellum John A. , Nadkarni Girish N. , Sakhuja Ankit 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study introduces Glucose Level Understanding and Control Optimized for Safety and Efficacy (GLUCOSE), a distributional offline reinforcement learning algorithm for optimizing insulin dosing after cardiac surgery. Trained on 5,228 patients, tested on 920, and externally validated on 649, GLUCOSE achieved a mean estimated reward of 0.0 [-0.07, 0.06] in internal testing and -0.63 [-0.74, -0.52] in external validation, outperforming clinician returns of -1.29 [-1.37, -1.20] and -1.02 [-1.16, -0.89]. In multi-phase human validation, GLUCOSE first showed a significantly lower mean absolute error (MAE) in insulin dosing, with 0.9 units MAE versus clinicians’ 1.97 units (p < 0.001) in internal testing and 1.90 versus 2.24 units (p = 0.003) in external validation. The second and third phases found GLUCOSE‘s performance as comparable to or exceeding that of senior clinicians in MAE, safety, effectiveness, and acceptability. These findings suggest GLUCOSE as a robust tool for improving postoperative glucose management.
Safety and immunogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in Chinese children, adults and elderly: a phase 4, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Shi Gang , Yang Wanqi , Dong Yuanyuan , Ye Xianying , Zhang Juxiang , Yang Xinyi , Song Dan , Ma Yuehong , Wang Zeng , Li Hong , Yu Dan , Hu Weijun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesA randomized, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority phase 4 clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23).MethodsPneumococcal vaccine-naïve participants aged ≥2 years were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive a single dose of either the treatment vaccine (n=1199) or a comparator vaccine (n=600). We evaluated the immunogenicity before and 30 days post-vaccination, by measuring serum IgG serotype-specific pneumococcal antibodies to 23 serotypes contained in the vaccines via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The primary outcome was seroconversion (two-fold increase) of serum IgG serotype-specific antibodies at days 30 compared with baseline.ResultsOne month after the administration of PPV23, seroconversion rates for each of the 23 serotypes ranged from 59.22% to 95.67% in the treatment group, and in the control group from 59.66% to 94.07%. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the rate differences for the 23 serotypes were all larger than −10%. Moreover, 12 serotypes (6B, 23F, 1, 2, 4, 8, 9N, 9V, 11A, 15B, 17F and 18C) had a lower bound of 95%CI for rate difference larger than 0. In total, 236 (19.68%) participants in the treatment group and 118 (19.67%) in the control group reported adverse reactions within 30 days poste-vaccination. No significant differences in incidence of adverse reactions were found between the two comparison groups.ConclusionsThe PPV23 vaccine administered among individual aged ≥2 years was safe, well tolerated and immunogenic, eliciting immune response either comparable to or higher than control vaccine.
Deep Learning Chest X-Ray Age, Epigenetic Aging Clocks and Associations with Age-Related Subclinical Disease in the Project Baseline Health Study
Authors: Chandra Jay , Short Sarah , Rodriguez Fatima , Maron David J. , Pagidipati Neha , Hernandez Adrian F. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Shah Svati H. , Kiel Douglas P. , Lu Michael T. , Raghu Vineet K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChronological age is a cornerstone of medical decision-making but is limited because individuals age at different rates. We recently released an open-source deep learning model to assess biological age from chest radiograph images (CXR-Age), which predicts incident all-cause and cardiovascular mortality better than chronological age. Here, we compare CXR-Age to two established epigenetic aging clocks (First generation – Horvath Age; Second generation - DNAm PhenoAge), to test which is more strongly associated with measures of cardiopulmonary disease. Our cohort consisted of 2,097 participants from the Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS), a prospective cohort study of individuals from four US sites enriched for cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease risk factors. We found that CXR-Age was most strongly associated with the presence of coronary calcium, cardiovascular risk factors, worsening pulmonary function, increased frailty, and abundance in plasma of two proteins implicated in neuroinflammation and aging. Associations with second generation epigenetic clocks were weaker for pulmonary function and for all outcomes in younger adults. No associations were found with first generation clocks. These results suggest that opportunistic screening using CXR-Age may help identify high risk individuals who could benefit from directed screening and prevention.
Association between peripartum cardiomyopathy and mood disorders in a large, national U.S. cohort
Authors: Neuburg Blake , Harris Melissa , Palatnik Anna , Harrison Rachel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between mood disorders in pregnancy and postpartum and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM).MethodsRetrospective cohort study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of pregnant and postpartum patients from 2017-2019. Patients were separated into two groups based on ICD-10 coding for presence or absence of mood disorder (depression, bipolar depression, anxiety, or other mood diagnosis). The primary outcome was diagnosis of PPCM. Secondary outcomes included a composite of adverse cardiac events and maternal death. Groups were compared via t-tests, chi-squared analysis, and logistic regression that included all variables that differed between groups with p<0.05.ResultsOver 2.2 million subjects were analyzed and approximately 168,000 (7.4%) had an ICD-10 diagnosis of mood disorder. Those with mood disorders were more likely to be non-Hispanic white, obese, tobacco users, publicly insured, have comorbidities, and deliver at a large, private, non-profit hospital (all p<0.05). They were delivered at an earlier gestational age and were also more likely to undergo cesarean (37.0±4.6 vs 37.8±3.7 weeks and 35.8% vs 31.8%, respectively)., p<0.001). The primary outcome of PPCM was identified more than twice as often in those with mood disorder (0.12% vs 0.05%, p<0.001). Composite cardiac events, consisting of incidence of acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, cardioversion, cardiac failure, and pulmonary edema were more frequent among patients with mood disorders (0.36% vs 0.14%, p<0.001). After controlling for confounders, PPCM remained independently associated with diagnosis of mood disorders (aOR 1.36, 95%CI 1.03-1.80) as did the composite of adverse cardiac events (aOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.37-1.81).ConclusionMood disorders in pregnancy and postpartum are associated with increased rates of PPCM and other cardiac events.
Differences in US Adult Dietary Patterns by Cardiovascular Health and Socioeconomic Vulnerability
Authors: Brandt Eric J. , Leung Cindy , Chang Tammy , Ayanian John Z. , Banerjee Mousumi , Kirch Matthias , Mozaffarian Dariush , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundNaturally occurring dietary patterns, a major contributor to health, are not well described among those with cardiovascular disease (CVD) – particularly in light of socioeconomic vulnerability. We sought to identify major dietary patterns in the US and their distribution by CVD, social risk factors, and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among 32,498 noninstitutionalized adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2020). We used principal component analysis to identify common dietary patterns. Individuals were assigned to the pattern for which they had the highest component score. Using multinomial logit regression, we estimated the percentage whose diets aligned with each pattern in population subgroups stratified by CVD, social risk factors, and SNAP. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, race and ethnicity, total energy intake, and year, with sampling weights to provide nationally representative estimates.ResultsFour dietary patterns were identified among US adults: American (33.7%; high in solid fats, added sugars, and refined grains), Prudent (22.6%; high in vegetables, nuts/seeds, oils, seafood, and poultry), Legume (15.8%), and Fruit/Whole Grain/Dairy (27.9%), that together explained 29.2% of dietary variance. More adults with prevalent CVD (37.1%) than without (33.3%, p=0.005) aligned with the American Pattern, with no differences among other patterns. Each additional social risk factor associated with more adults aligned with American (2.5% absolute increase) and Legume (1.3%), and fewer aligned with Prudent (-1.9%) and Fruit/Whole Grain/Dairy (-1.9%) patterns (p<0.001 each). Analysis of dietary patterns across SNAP participation showed higher proportion of SNAP participants and income-eligible SNAP non-participants compared to non-eligible adults for the American (40.2% [38.1, 42.3%], 35.1% [32.7, 37.5%], 31.9% [31.0, 32.8%], respectively) and Legume patterns (17.2% [15.6, 18.8%], 17.8% [16.1, 19.5%]), 15.4% [14.6,16.1%], respectively) and less for Prudent (17.0% [15.5, 18.6%], 20.2% [18.2, 22.3%], 24.2% [23.3, 25.1%], respectively) and Fruit/Whole Grain/Dairy Patterns (25.6% [23.8%, 27.3%], 26.9%[27.6%,29.5%], 28.6% [27.6%, 29.5%], respectively).ConclusionsEmpirical dietary patterns vary by CVD and socioeconomic vulnerability. Initiatives to improve nutrition in at-risk individuals should consider these naturally occurring dietary patterns and their variation in key subgroups.
PHIVE: A Physics-Informed Variational Encoder Enables Rapid Spectral Fitting of Brain Metabolite Mapping at 7T
Authors: Shamaei Amirmohammad , Niess Eva , Hingerl Lukas , Strasser Bernhard , Osburg Aaron , Eckstein Korbinian , Bogner Wolfgang , Motyka Stanislav 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) enables non-invasive mapping of brain metabolite concentrations but remains computationally intensive and challenging due to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and overlapping spectral features. Traditional spectral fitting methods, such as LCModel, are time-consuming and often lack comprehensive uncertainty quantification. In this study, we propose Physics-Informed Variational Encoder (PHIVE), a novel deep learning framework that integrates physics-based priors into a variational autoencoder architecture for rapid and accurate metabo-lite quantification. PHIVE enables simultaneous estimation of metabolite concentrations and uncertainty metrics, including Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB), aleatoric, and epistemic uncertainties.PHIVE was evaluated on whole-brain MRSI data from 7T acquisitions of healthy controls. The method achieved comparable accuracy to LCModel for key metabolites, such as Total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), Glutamate-Glutamine complex (Glx), and Myo-inositol (mIns) while demonstrating a six-order magnitude reduction in computational time (6 ms per dataset). Uncertainty quantification highlighted PHIVE’s robustness in regions with low SNR. Additionally, a conditional baseline modeling approach was introduced, enabling dynamic flexibility in spectral baseline estimation during inference time.These results suggest that PHIVE offers a fast, reliable, and interpretable solution for high-resolution metabolite quantification, paving the way for real-time MRSI applications in clinical and research settings. Future work will focus on expanding its validation across diverse datasets and investigating its utility in longitudinal and multicenter studies.
Mendelian Randomization Reveals Causal Pathways Between Plasma Protein Quantitative Trait Loci and Graves’Disease Mediated by Immune Cells
Authors: Cui Shixian , Liu Qingyang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGraves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TRAb) activating the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). Current treatments, including antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery, can control hormone secretion but fail to prevent the immune system’s persistent attacks on the thyroid gland. This highlights the need for in-depth research into the immune pathogenesis of GD to develop novel therapeutic strategies.The study results showed that several key pQTLs, including ACE, PMM2, FCRL4, and DPEP1, are significantly associated with GD. Further investigation revealed that ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) are potentially relevant for GD treatment. These inhibitors are not only widely used in the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases but also exhibit immune-regulatory effects. For example, by modulating the activity of T cells and B cells, ACEIs have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in models of various immune-related diseases.This study is the first to combine pQTLs with immune cell regulatory mechanisms to explore their impact on the pathogenesis of GD. By integrating genetic variants, immune cell phenotypes, and causal relationship analysis, we not only validated previously reported GD-related pQTLs but also identified new candidate signals and pathways. These findings deepen our understanding of GD pathogenesis and provide a foundation for developing precision therapies and combination treatments targeting GD and related autoimmune diseases.
Tissue-Specific Ablation of Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Induces a Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype in Female Mice
Authors: Tawfeeq Hiba Radhwan , Lackey Atreju I , Zhou Yinxiu , Diolointzi Anastasia , Zacharisen Sophia , Lau Yin Hei , Quadro Loredana , Storch Judith 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesObesity is associated with numerous metabolic complications including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and a reduced capacity for physical activity. Whole-body ablation of liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP) in mice was shown to alleviate several of these metabolic complications; high fat (HF) fed LFABP knockout (LFABP-/-) mice developed higher fat mass than their wild-type (WT) counterparts but displayed a metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype with normoglycemia, normoinsulinemia, and reduced hepatic steatosis compared with WT. LFABP is expressed in both liver and intestine, thus in the present study, LFABP conditional knockout (cKO) mice were generated to determine the contributions of LFABP specifically within the liver or the intestine to the whole body phenotype of the global knockout.MethodsFemale liver-specific LFABP knockout (LFABPliv-/-), intestine-specific LFABP knockout (LFABPint-/-), and floxed LFABP (LFABPfl/fl) control mice were fed a 45% Kcal fat semipurified HF diet for 12 weeks.ResultsWhile not as dramatic as found for whole-body LFABP-/-mice, both LFABPliv-/-and LFABPint-/-mice had significantly higher body weights and fat mass compared with LFABPfl/flcontrol mice. As with the global LFABP nulls, both LFABPliv-/-and LFABPint-/-mice remained normoglycemic and normoinsulinemic. Despite their greater fat mass, the LFABPliv-/-mice did not develop hepatic steatosis. Additionally, LFABPliv-/-and LFABPint-/-mice had higher endurance exercise capacity when compared with LFABPfl/flcontrol mice.ConclusionsThe results suggest, therefore, that either liver-specific or intestine-specific ablation of LFABP in female mice is sufficient to induce, at least in part, the MHO phenotype observed following whole-body ablation of LFABP.