bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental Trophoblast Derived Exosomes Regulate Endometrial Epithelial Receptivity in Dairy Cows During Pregnancy
Authors: Su Yue , Li Qianru , Zhang Qiaochu , Li Zhiming , Yao Xinxin , Guo Yong , Xiao Longfei , Wang Xiangguo , Ni Hemin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Inadequate feto-maternal interaction will directly lead to the failures of pregnancy and bring serious damage to dairy cows. Exosomes are widely involved in endometrial matrix remodeling, immune function changes, placental development, and other processes of embryo implantation and pregnancy of dairy cows. However, the role of placental trophoblast cells derived exosomes is still unclear in regulating the receptivity of endometrial cells and facilitating the interaction between mother and fetus.
Methods

In this study, bovine trophoblast cells (BTCs) were obtained from bovine placenta and immortalized through the transfection of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. After that, the effect of trophoblast derived exosomes (TDEs) on endometrial receptivity in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) was detected and the mechanism explored that TDEs and their proteins participated in feto-maternal interaction during bovine pregnancy. EECs were co-cultured with the exosomes derived from progesterone (P4) and treated with BTCs.
Results

Immortalized BTCs still possessed the basic and key properties of primary BTCs without showing a neoplastic transformation sign. Exosomes derived from P4 and treated with BTCs enhanced the expression of endometrial receptivity factors in EECs by changing the extracellular environment, metabolism and redox balance in EECs with proteome alignment, compared with those untreated according to the DIA quantitation analysis.
Conclusions

Our study found that trophoblast derived exosomal proteins are one of the most critical elements in feto-maternal interaction and their changes act as a key signal in altering endometrial receptivity and provided a potential target for improving fertility.
Multinomial Classification of Patterns in Lung Cancer Biopsy Slides Using Customized Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yang Jung Wook , Song Dae Hyun , An Hyo Jung , Seo Sat Byul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Identifying the lung carcinoma subtype in small biopsy specimens is an important part of determining a suitable treatment plan but is often challenging without the help of special and/or immunohistochemical stains. Pathology image analysis that tackles this issue would be helpful for diagnoses and subtyping of lung carcinoma. In this study, we developed AI models to classify multinomial patterns of lung carcinoma (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) and non-neoplastic lung tissue based on convolutional neural networks (CNN or ConvNet). Four CNNs that were pre-trained using transfer learning and one CNN built from scratch were used to classify patch images from pathology whole-slide images (WSIs). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of each model in the test sets. The Xception model achieved the highest performance among pre-trained CNNs with an accuracy of 0.86 and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97. The built from scratch CNN model obtained an accuracy of 0.92 and an AUC ranging from 0.99 to 1.00 for subtyping lung carcinoma tasks. These results demonstrate how promising CNN models are for developing improved diagnostic workflow systems for diagnosis and subtyping of lung carcinoma. Of particular note is the fact that the built from scratch CNN described in this paper achieves prompt and consistent results so has the potential to be applied in working hospitals for pathological diagnoses.
All-Purpose Nanostrategy Based on Dose Deposition Enhancement, Cell Cycle Arrest, DNA Damage and ROS Production as Prostate Cancer Radiosensitizer for Potential Clinical Translation
Authors: Guo Xiao-xiao , Guo Zhen-hu , Wu Meng , Lu Jing-song , Xie Wen-sheng , Zhong Qiu-zi , Chi Yong-jie , Sun Xiao-dan , Wang Xiu-mei , Wang Jian-ye , Liu Ming , Zhao Lingyun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the main treatments for men with prostate cancer (PCa). Yet, to date, with numerous sophisticated nano-formulations as radiosensitizers have been synthesized with inspiring therapeutic effect both in vitro and in vivo, there still lacks the successful clinical translation of such nanosystems. Meanwhile, almost all the attention has been paid on the enhanced dose deposition effect by secondary electrons of nanomaterials with high atomic numbers (Z), despite that cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage and also reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are critical working mechanisms accounting for radiosensitization.
Methods

Herein, an ‘all-purpose’ nanostrategy based on dose deposition enhancement, cell cycle arrest and ROS production as prostate cancer radiosensitizer for potential clinical translation was proposed. The rather simple structure of docetaxel loaded Au nanoparticles (NPs) with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand conjugation have been successfully synthesized by a rather facile protocol.
Results

Enhanced cellular uptake achieved via selective internalization of the NPs by PCa cells with positive PSMA expression could guarantee the enhanced dose deposition. Moreover, the as-synthesized nanosystem could arrest cell cycle at G2/M phases, which would reduce the ability of DNA damage repair for more irradiation sensitive of the PCa cells. Meanwhile, G2/M phases arrest would further promote cascade retention and enrichment of the NPs within the cells. Furthermore, ROS generation and double strand breaks greatly promoted by the NPs under irradiation (IR) could also provide an underlying basis for effective radiosensitizers.
Conclusions

Investigations from in vitro and in vivo confirmed the as-synthesized NPs as an effective nano-radiosensitizer with ideal safety. More importantly, all the moieties within the present nanosystem have been approved by FDA for the purpose of PCa treatment, thus making the it highly attractive for clinical translation.
METTL3-Mediated m6A Modification is Involved in Neural Tube Defects via Modulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Li , Cao Rui , Li Dandan , Sun Yuqing , Zhang Juan , Wang Xiuwei , Khan Ajab , Liu Zhizhen , Niu Bo , Xu Jun , Xie Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) remain one of the most life-threatening birth defects affecting infants. Most patients with a NTDs eventually develop lifelong disability, which cause significant morbidity and mortality and seriously reduce the quality of life. Therefore, identifiable of novel pathogenic strategies for NTDs patients is urgently required. Increasing evidence indicates that METTL3-mediated m6A modification is present in many physiopathological processes of cell apoptosis and survival. Our results demonstrate that SAM play not only a compensatory role, SAM can also lead to m6A modification changes in neural tube development and regulation. This research provides a good theoretical basis for further research on folic acid deficiency leading to NTDs, reveals the important role of SAM in the development of NTDs, and provides new clue for clinical researchers and clinical work.
Current prevalence and determinants of anaemia in under-five children in rural Bangladesh: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mollah Md. Moniruzzaman , Mosaddi Ashik , Hossain Asgor , Roy Andrew A. , Naznin Sultana , Hassan Parvez 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Anaemia and its association with low physical and cognitive development in under-five children remain as a common public health burden in developing countries including Bangladesh. Childhood anemia is significantly associated with age, rural residence, infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, infectious disease, maternal illiteracy etc. We have studied to identify current prevalence, and to explore associated socio-demographic, health, and nutritional factors of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh.
Methods and materials
A cross-sectional study was conducted at five remote northern districts of Bangladesh involving rural children aged 6 - <60 months. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection. Potential study subjects were approached conveniently at selected rural health centres. Chi-squared test was the main statistical model to identify association between explanatory variables and anaemia. A p-value <0.05 was considered as significant.
Results
Overall prevalence of anaemia (N = 258) was 61.23% with mild, moderate and severe anaemia of 28.29%, 28.68% and 4.26% respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was the highest (72%) in age group 6-24 months, which were followed by 63% in >24-36 months and 44.3% in >36-<60 months categories. The following explanatory variables showed statistically significant association with high anaemia: younger-age (p = <0.001), low family income, and maternal education (p = <0.001), exclusive versus non-exclusive breast feeding (p = 0.02), and timely versus delayed or early weaning (p = <0.001). Non consumption of animal proteins, fruits and green leafy vegetables were also significantly linked to high anaemia prevalence (p = 0.001). Further, underweight, stunting, and wasting were significantly related to anaemia (p = 0.02, 0.006, and 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion
Prevalence of anaemia in under-five children of rural Bangladesh remains noticeably high. Age, maternal education, family income, consumption of animal protein, green leafy vegetables, and fruits along with underweight, stunting and wasting are inversely related to anaemia prevalence. Exclusive breast feeding and timely weaning may reduce risk of anaemia.
Integration and Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis of scRNA-seq Transcriptomes Reveal Heterogeneity and Key Functional Genes in Human Spermatogenesis
Authors: Salehi Najmeh , Karimi-Jafari Mohammad Hossein , Totonchi Mehdi , Amiri-Yekta Amir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex process of cellular division and differentiation that begins with spermatogonia stem cells and leads to functional spermatozoa production. However, many of the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is used to sequence the entire transcriptome at the single-cell level to assess cell-to-cell variability. Here, more than 33,000 testicular cells from five scRNA-seq datasets with normal spermatogenesis were integrated to identify single-cell heterogeneity on a more comprehensive scale. Clustering, cell type assignments, differential expressed genes and pseudotime analysis characterized 5 spermatogonia, 4 spermatocyte, and 4 spermatid cell types during the spermatogenesis process. The UTF1 and ID4 genes were introduced as most specific markers that can differentiate two undifferentiated spermatogonia stem cell sub-cellules, and C7orf61 and TNP, two round spermatid sub-cellules. The topological analysis of the weighted gene co-expression network along with the integrated scRNA-seq data revealed some bridge genes between spermatogenesis’s main stages such as DNAJC5B, C1orf194, HSP90AB1, BST2, EEF1A1, CRISP2, PTMS, NFKBIA, CDKN3, and HLA-DRA. The importance of these key genes is confirmed by their role in male infertility in the available studies. It can be stated that, this integrated scRNA-seq of spermatogenic cells offers novel insights into cell-to-cell heterogeneity and suggests a list of key players with a pivotal role in male infertility from the fertile spermatogenesis datasets. These key functional genes can be introduced as candidates for filtering and prioritizing of genotype-to-phenotype association in male infertility.
Gut Microbiome Alteration of Cold-adapated Antarctic copepod Tigriopus kingsejongensis with Temperature Changes and Developmental Stages
Authors: Oh Han Na , Ri Myeong Nu , Kim Taeyune , Min Gi-Sik , Kim Sanghee , Sul Woo Jun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tigriopus kingsejongensis, a copepod species, reported from the King Sejong Station, Antarctica, serves as a valuable food resource in ecosystems. Some copepods were temperature-sensitive in growth and post-embryonic development. We cultured T. kingsejongensis at three different temperatures (2°C, 8°C, and 15°C) in a laboratory to observe the alterations in the stool microbiome of copepods depending on the cultivation temperature and developmental stages. We observed copepod gut microbiome changes by increasing temperatures: a lower microbial diversity, a higher abundance of aquatic microbes, Vibrio, and a lower abundance of the psychrophilic microbes, Colwellia. Also, the copepod gut microbiome, according to the developmental stage, was changed: a lower microbial diversity in egg-attached copepods than nauplius at 8°C. We further analyzed three shotgun metagenomes from T. kingsejongensis stool samples at different temperatures and obtained 44 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We noted that MAGs of V. splendidus D contained glycosyl hydrolase (GHs) encoding chitinases and virulence factors with higher relative abundance at 15°C than at lower temperatures. These results that temperature and developmental stages affect the gut microbiome of copepods are helpful to understand the changes in the low-temperature adapted copepod with climate change.
Association of Breast Cancer Risk, Density, and Stiffness: Global Tissue Stiffness on Breast MR Elastography (MRE)
Authors: Patel Bhavika , Pepin Kay , Brandt Kathy , Mazza Gina , Pockaj Barbara , Chen Jun , Zhou Yuxiang , Northfelt Donald , Anderson Karen , Kling Juliana , Swanson Kristin , Nikkhah Mehdi , Ehman Richard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose:Quantify in vivo biomechanical tissue properties in various breast densities and in normal risk and high risk women using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/MRE and examine the association between breast biomechanical properties and cancer risk.Methods: Patients with normal risk or high risk of breast cancer underent 3.0 T breast MR imaging and elastography. Breast parenchymal enhancement (BPE), density (from most recent mammogram), stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity were recorded. Within each breast density group (non-dense versus dense), stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity were compared across risk groups (normal versus high). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate whether the MRE parameters (separately for stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity) predicted risk status after controlling for clinical factors.Results: 50 normal risk and 86 high risk patients were included. Risk groups were similar on age, density, and menopausal status. Among patients with dense breasts, mean stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity were significantly higher in high risk patients (N = 55) compared to normal risk patients (N = 34; all p < 0.001). Stiffness remained a significant predictor of risk status (OR=4.26, 95% CI [1.96, 9.25]) even after controlling for breast density, BPE, age, and menopausal status. Similar results were seen for elasticity and viscosity.Conclusion: A structurally-based, quantitative biomarker of tissue stiffness obtained from MRE is associated with differences in breast cancer risk in dense breasts. Tissue stiffness could provide a novel prognostic marker to help identify high risk women with dense breasts who would benefit from increased surveillance and/or risk reduction measures.
Moxibustion attenuates neurogenic detrusor overactivity in spinal cord injury rats by inhibiting M2/ATP/P2X3 pathway
Authors: Wang Lu , Fu Yuan-Bo , Liu Yi , Yang Na-Na , Ma Si-Ming , Wang Xue-Rui , Huang Jin , Shi Guang-Xia , Yang Jing-Wen , Liu Cun-Zhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Activation of muscarinic receptors located in bladder sensory pathways is generally considered to be the primary contributor for driving the pathogenesis of neurogenic detrusor overactivity following spinal cord injury. The present study is undertaken to examine whether moxibustion improves neurogenic detrusor overactivity via modulating the abnormal muscarinic receptor pathway.
Methods
Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to spinal cord injury with T9-10 spinal cord transection. Fourteen days later, animals were received moxibustion treatment for one week. Urodynamic parameters and pelvic afferents discharge were measured. Acetylcholine and adenosine triphosphate content in the voided cystometry fluid were determined. Expressions of M2, M3 and P2X3 receptor in the bladder mucosa were evaluated.
Results
Moxibustion treatment prevented the development of detrusor overactivity in SCI rats, with an increase in the intercontraction interval and micturition pressure threshold and a decrease in afferent activity during filling. The expression of M2, but not M3, was markedly suppressed by moxibustion, accompanied by a reduction in the level of ATP and P2X3. M2 receptor antagonist methoctramine hemihydrate had similar effects to moxibustion on bladder function and afferent activity, while the M2-preferential agonist oxotremorine methiodide abolished the beneficial effects of moxibustion.
Conclusions
Moxibustion is a potential candidate for treatment of neurogenic bladder overactivity in a rat model of spinal cord injury possibly through inhibiting the M2/ATP/P2X3 pathway.
The Experience of Women in a Phase II Trial of Hypnosis and Progressive Muscle Relaxation for Body Image: Exploring Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Arring Noel M , Lafferty Carolyn K , Clark Patricia M , Barton Debra L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore potential mechanisms of two interventions, hypnosis and progressive muscle relaxation to nature sounds (PMR), to improve body image in a randomized phase II trial. Participant comments were explored in an unplanned qualitative analysis.Methods:This qualitative study employed thematic analysis, a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding. We analyzed participant feedback given at any point during the 6-week intervention. Results:In the parent study 87 women were randomized in a 2:1 fashion, 59 to hypnosis and 28 to PMR. Sixty-three of the 87 women participating (72%) were motivated to write comments elaborating on their study experience. Thematic analysis generated five themes, including: relaxation and stress management, mind-body connection, improved mood, sleep, and sexual health. Four of the themes were represented in both groups while sexual health was only represented in the hypnosis group. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that both hypnosis and PMR may improve body image through the ability to relax and manage stress, sleep better, improve mood and create a mind-body connection. Sexual health emerged as an important theme among participants in the hypnosis group, but not the PMR group. Hypnosis, due to the hypnotic suggestions for sexual health, may have a positive impact on sexual health specifically. Improving body image alone may not have profound effects on the broader concept of sexual health. More research is needed.
Diagnostic Value of sIL-2R, TNF-α and PCT for Sepsis Infection in Patients with Closed Abdominal Injury Complicated with Severe Multiple Abdominal Injuries
Authors: Shang Anquan , Zhang Wei , Dai Yuzhu , Wang Weiwei , He Li-zhen , Zhai Guanghua , Yu Jiong , Cheng Jun , Wu Jian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), procalcitonin (PCT) and combined detection for sepsis infection in patients with closed abdominal injury complicated with severe multiple abdominal injuries.Patients and Methods: 140 patients with closed abdominal injury complicated with severe multiple abdominal injuries who were diagnosed and treated in 2015 to 2020, were divided into sepsis group (n = 70), and infection group (n = 70).Results: The levels of sIL-2R, TNF-α and PCT in sepsis group were higher than those in infection group (P < 0.05). ROC curve showed that the AUC values of sIL-2R, TNF-α, PCT and sIL-2R+TNF-a+PCT were 0.827, 0.781, 0.821 and 0.846, respectively, which were higher than those of WBC, CRP, SAA, and IL-6. AUC of the three combined tests was higher than that of TNF-α, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in AUC between sIL-2R and TNF-α, sIL-2R and PCT, TNF-α and PCT, three combined tests and sIL-2R, three combined tests and PCT (P > 0.05). When the median was used as the cut point, the corrected sIL-2R, TNF-α, PCT high level group was not better than the low level group in the risk of sepsis (P >0.05). When the four groups were classified by using quantile as cut point, the OR risk values of the high level of TNF-α and PCT (Q4) and the low level of PCT (Q1) after correction were 7.991 and 21.76, respectively, with statistical significance (P < 0.05).Conclusions: The detection of sIL-2R, TNF-α and PCT has a good value in the diagnosis for sepsis infection in patients with closed abdominal injury complicated with severe multiple abdominal injuries. The high concentrations of PCT and TNF-α can be used as predictors of septic infection risk.
IL-6 knockout alleviates inflammatory response and improve acute lung injury via regulating macrophage polarization in sepsis
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Shen Kuo , Xie Jiangang , Liu Shanshou , Bai Xiaozhi , Wang Jing , Zhao Ming , Li Jin , Li Shaohui , Li Junjie , Yin Wen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Sepsis is a fatal disease with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, during which acute lung injury is the earliest and most serious complication. Macrophage plays a crucial role in the initiation and progress of sepsis. This study meant to explore the effect of IL-6 knockout in CLP induced sepsis. Methods In this study, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed on wildtype and interleukin 6 (IL-6) knockout C57 mice. General condition and death rate of sepsis mice were observed. organ samples (lungs, livers, kidneys and hearts) and serum were collected for histology observation and inflammatory cytokine detection. Lung tissue injury detection were conducted via lung injury score, wet/dry ration and protein concentrations measurement of Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In in vivo studies, RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with IL-6 specific siRNA and treated with LPS. After exposed to IL-6 specific siRNA and LPS, expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were detected by RT-qPCR, concentration of IL-1 and TNF-α in culture supernatant were detected by ELISA and M1 and M2 markers were detected by western blot and flow cytometry. Results We constructed CLP induced sepsis models and found that inhibition of IL-6 could improve general condition and death rate of sepsis mice. Mice in IL-6 knockout group display improved tissue damage, especially in the lung tissue. IL-6 knockout relieved inflammatory cytokines storm in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid while polarized macrophage to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In cell model, inhibition of IL-6 could alleviate LPS induced expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 in macrophages. Western blot and Flow cytometry results indicated that expression of M1 markers (iNOS and CD86) in LPS stimulated macrophages were significantly declined while M2 (Arg-1 and CD206) were enhanced when expression of IL-6 was blocked. Conclusion Inhibition of IL-6 alleviated LPS induced inflammation and exerted protective effect in sepsis via regulating macrophage function and polarization.