bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct noncoding RNAs and RNA binding proteins associated with high‐risk pediatric and adult acute myeloid leukemias detected by regulatory network analysis
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Spiegelman Vladimir S. , Wang Hong‐Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease in both children and adults. Although it is well‐known that adult and pediatric AMLs are genetically distinct diseases, the driver genes for high‐risk pediatric and adult AMLs are still not fully understood. Particularly, the interactions between RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) for high‐risk AMLs have not been explored.AimTo identify RBPs and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are the master regulators of high‐risk AML.MethodsIn this manuscript, we identify over 400 upregulated genes in high‐risk adult and pediatric AMLs respectively with the expression profiles of TCGA and TARGET cohorts. There are less than 5% genes commonly upregulated in both cohorts, highlighting the genetic differences in adult and childhood AMLs. A novel distance correlation test is proposed for gene regulatory network construction. We build RBP‐based regulatory networks with upregulated genes in high‐risk adult and pediatric AMLs, separately.ResultsWe discover that three RBPs, three snoRNAs, and two circRNAs function together and regulate over 100 upregulated RNA targets in adult AML, whereas two RBPs are associated with 17 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and all together regulate over 90 upregulated RNA targets in pediatric AML. Of which, two RBPs, MLLT3 and RBPMS, and their circRNA targets, PTK2 and NRIP1, are associated with the overall survival (OS) in adult AML (p ≤ 0.01), whereas two different RBPs, MSI2 and DNMT3B, and 13 (out of 17) associated lncRNAs are prognostically significant in pediatric AML.ConclusionsBoth RBPs and ncRNAs are known to be the major regulators of transcriptional processes. The RBP–ncRNA pairs identified from the regulatory networks will allow better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying high‐risk adult and pediatric AMLs, and assist in the development of novel RBPs and ncRNAs based therapeutic strategies.
Microbiome Methods in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Daberkow David P. , Hoffman Kristina , Kohl Hannah M. , Long Tyrel , Kirby Trevor O. , Ochoa‐Repáraz Javier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicrobiome composition studies are increasingly shedding light on animal models of disease. This paper describes a protocol for analyzing the gut microbiome composition prior to and after the induction of mice to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal animal model of the human neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). We also address and provide data assessing the impact of mice reared in different animal facilities on EAE induction. Furthermore, we discuss potential regulators of the gut‐microbiome‐brain axis (GMBA) in relation to neuroinflammation and implications on demyelinating disease states. Our results suggest that mice reared in different animal facilities produce different levels of EAE induction. These results highlight the importance of accounting for consistent environmental conditions when inducing EAE and other animal models of disease. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Study of the composition of the gut microbiome in the neuroinflammatory model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisBasic Protocol 2: Experimental procedures for DNA extraction and microbiome analysis
Using Solid Catalysts in Disulfide‐Based Dynamic Combinatorial Solution‐ and Mechanochemistry
Authors: Belenguer Ana M. , Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Lampronti Giulio I. , Sanders Jeremy K. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt was shown for the first time that solid amines can act as catalysts for disulfide‐based dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) by ball mill grinding. The mechanochemical equilibrium for the two disulfide reactions studied was reached within 1–3 h using ten different amine catalysts. This contrasts with the weeks to months to achieve solution equilibrium for most solid amine catalysts at 2 %mol mol−1 concentration in a 2 mMolar disulfide dynamic combinatorial library in a suitable solvent. The final mechanochemical equilibrium was independent of the catalyst used but varied with other ball mill grinding factors such as the presence of traces of solvent. The different efficiencies of the amines tested were discussed.
Indeterminate atypia in urinary tract cytology: Does it really matter?
Authors: Allison Derek B. , Kates Max , VandenBussche Christopher J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study of atypia in urinary cytology has been ongoing for decades but most studies have focused primarily on test performance in patients with concurrent biopsies and/or limited follow‐up periods. While these data are useful, many studies fail to consider patient factors that may alter the pretest probability, which can subsequently affect test performance. An isolated diagnosis of malignancy in urinary cytology usually has a high positive predictive value and allows a urologist to conduct a rigorous workup of the patient to establish a tissue diagnosis. However, it is less certain how an atypical diagnosis impacts patient care, given that many patients have a history of bladder cancer and are already under surveillance with cystoscopy at regular screening intervals. Furthermore, a discrete negative urine cytology is unlikely to allow a patient to forego a cystoscopy procedure due to limitations in the sensitivity of urine cytology. Over the last several years, the introduction of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) has improved the predictive value of atypical diagnoses, but additional studies are needed to evaluate the performance of these diagnoses in specific clinical situations. Such data could better inform urologists on how to manage patients with atypical diagnoses. This review discussed the diagnosis of atypia in urinary cytology and the impact of such a diagnosis in various clinical contexts.
Gastric glomus tumor diagnosed by fine needle aspiration of the stomach: A report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Pizzillo Isabella A. , Fang Camila , Sun Wei , Brandler Tamar C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlomus tumors make up 1% of stromal tumors of the stomach. Radiologic diagnosis of glomus tumors can be challenging as they share imaging characteristics with other neuroendocrine tumors and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) has been reported as a useful method for the evaluation of gastrointestinal lesions. We report two cases of gastric glomus tumors in which EUS‐FNA diagnosis was challenging. Cytologically, neoplastic cells were round to oval, uniform, bland appearing epithelioid cells with delicate chromatin and inconspicuous to vague nucleoli. Both samples lacked worrisome features such as high nuclear grade, high mitotic rate, and necrosis. Neoplastic cells were negative for Cam5.2 and AE1/AE3 with focal expression of synaptophysin in one of the cases. A definitive diagnosis was not made based on FNA. Familiarity with glomus tumors in the GI system and procurement of adequate material for cell block allowing the use of immunohistochemistry may allow an accurate preoperative diagnosis.
Application of plant–soil feedbacks in the selection of crop rotation sequences
Authors: Koyama Akihiro , Dias Teresa , Antunes Pedro M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlant–soil feedback (PSF) can be a major driver of plant performance in communities, and this concept can be used in selecting crop rotation sequences to maximize agricultural yields. Potential benefits of using PSF in this context include nutrient use optimization, pathogen reduction, and enhancement of mutualisms between crops and microbes. Yet the contributions of these combined mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we investigated the relative contributions of these mechanisms using five major crops commonly cultivated in rotation (alfalfa, canola, maize, soybean, and wheat) under controlled conditions. We trained soil by growing each of the five crops in a “training phase,” and then reciprocally planted the five crops in the trained soils in a “feedback phase.” To tease out soil biota from nutrient effects, we established three treatments: “control” (trained unsterilized soil used in the feedback phases), “biota” (sterilized soil in the feedback phase inoculated with soil biota from the control treatment after the training phase), and “nutrient” (sterilized soils in both phases). Plant–soil feedback for each crop was calculated by comparing the total biomass of each crop grown in soils trained by each of the four other crops (i.e., in rotation) against total biomass in self‐trained soil (i.e., monocropping). We found that PSF values varied among crop combinations in all the treatments, but such variation was the greatest in the nutrient treatment. Overall, soil biota feedback tended to be lower, whereas nutrient feedback tended to be greater compared to the unsterilized control soil, suggesting that effects of antagonistic biota outweighed those of beneficial microbes in the biota treatment, and that plants optimized nutrient uptake when the soil microbiome was absent in the nutrient treatment. Furthermore, soils in the nutrient treatment trained by the legume crops (alfalfa and soybean) tended to provide the greatest positive feedback, emphasizing the important legacy of N2 fixers in crop rotation. Taken together, our data demonstrate how nutrients and soil biota can be integral to PSFs among crops, and that assessing PSFs under controlled conditions can serve as a basis to determine the most productive crop rotation sequences prior to field testing.
A tale of two reef systems: Local conditions, disturbances, coral life histories, and the climate catastrophe
Authors: Gilmour James P. , Cook Kylie L. , Ryan Nicole M. , Puotinen Marjetta L. , Green Rebecca H. , Heyward Andrew J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoral reefs have evolved over millennia to survive disturbances. Yet, in just a few decades chronic local pressures and the climate catastrophe have accelerated so quickly that most coral reefs are now threatened. Rising ocean temperatures and recurrent bleaching pose the biggest threat, affecting even remote and well‐managed reefs on global scales. We illustrate how coral bleaching is altering reefs by contrasting the dynamics of adjacent reef systems over more than two decades. Both reef systems sit near the edge of northwest Australia's continental shelf, have escaped chronic local pressures and are regularly affected by tropical storms and cyclones. The Scott reef system has experienced multiple bleaching events, including mass bleaching in 1998 and 2016, from which it is unlikely to fully recover. The Rowley Shoals has maintained a high cover and diversity of corals and has not yet been impacted by mass bleaching. We show how the dynamics of both reef systems were driven by a combination of local environment, exposure to disturbances and coral life history traits, and consider future shifts in community structure with ongoing climate change. We then demonstrate how applying knowledge of community dynamics at local scales can aid management strategies to slow the degradation of coral reefs until carbon emissions and other human impacts are properly managed.
Does Nucleophilic Substitution in Nitroarenes Proceed via Single Electron Transfer (SET)?
Authors: Mąkosza Mieczysław 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnalysis of effects of various parameters on reactions of C, N and O nucleophiles with nitroarenes leads to the conclusion that there are two different major pathways: direct addition leading to substitution of hydrogen or halogens and single electron transfer (SET), leading to other processes. In some, rather rare cases, paramagnetic species generated by SET can combine, resulting in substitution.
Knoevenagel‐Cyclization Cascade Reactions of Substituted 5,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐Pyran Derivatives
Authors: Király Sándor Balázs , Bényei Attila , Lisztes Erika , Bíró Tamás , Tóth Balázs István , Kurtán Tibor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe diastereoselective domino‐Knoevenagel‐IMHDA reactions of 5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran derivatives containing an o‐formylaryl amine or ether moiety were performed with active methylene reagents. In the spiro heterocyclic products representing a novel skeleton, a tetrahydroquinoline or chroman unit is fused with two pyran rings and the bridgehead carbon atoms are chirality centers formed diastereoselectively. Depending on the substitution pattern, a domino Knoevenagel‐[1,5]‐hydride shift‐cyclization sequence was identified as a competing pathway, which resulted in the formation of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives with a 5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐3‐yl substituent. The relative configurations of the products were determined by means of the characteristic NOE correlations and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Antiproliferative activity assays of two products against A2780 and WM35 human cancer cell lines showed low micromolar IC50 values down to 2.99 μM.
Electrochemical Analysis of Liposome‐encapsulated Colistimethate Sodium
Authors: Oğuzhan Kaya Hüseyin , Karpuz Merve , Nur Topkaya Seda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, the neutral and cationic liposomal formulations of Colistimethate sodium (CMS), an antibiotic for multi‐drug resistant gram‐negative bacteria, were prepared and electrochemical quantification of CMS from these liposomes were achieved. This is the first study of the electrochemical detection of CMS released from liposomes. First, the electrochemical properties of CMS were analysed, then the encapsulation efficiency, and the release kinetic of CMS from liposomes were determined with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) measurements. In addition, Cyclic Voltammetry were applied to determine oxidation signal of CMS. A higher encapsulation efficiency was found in the cationic liposome compared to the neutral liposome. Moreover, CMS was controlled released from liposomes with zero‐order drug release kinetics.
Thin carbon–polypyrrole composite materials for supercapacitor electrodes by novel bipolar electrochemical setup
Authors: Patterson Nigel , Ignaszak Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA simple approach to mitigate the use of high voltages on thin bipolar electrodes is described here for the first time. The method involves stacking the desired thin conductor onto a thicker one, thereby creating a pseudo‐single electrode whose width is the sum of the two. Placing the target material on the positive or negative face of the combined bipolar electrode selects which reaction it will be involved in. This method is used to graft sheets of carbon paper, cloth, and buckypaper with an aminophenyl layer that subsequently binds polypyrrole in a simple two stage reaction to create a one‐sided deposit of a supercapacitive material. By itself the necessary driving potential for these reactions exceed 90 V, while with the stack it drops to 9 V. The resulting supercapacitor electrodes display good performance, with specific capacitances up to 210 mF/cm2 and lasting 2500 charge/discharge cycles.
A nonstationary and non‐Gaussian moving average model for solar irradiance
Authors: Zhang Wenqi , Kleiber William , Hodge Bri‐Mathias , Mather Barry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHistorically, power has flowed from large power plants to customers. Increasing penetration of distributed energy resources such as solar power from rooftop photovoltaic has made the distribution network a two‐way‐street with power being generated at the customer level. The incorporation of renewables introduces additional uncertainty and variability into the power grid. Distribution network operation studies are being adapted to include renewables; however, such studies require high quality solar irradiance data that adequately reflect realistic meteorological variability. Data from satellite‐based products are spatially complete, but temporally coarse, whereas solar irradiances exhibit high frequency variation at very fine timescales. We propose a new stochastic method for temporally downscaling global horizontal irradiance (GHI) to 1 min resolution, but we do not consider the spatial aspect due to limited availability of the in situ irradiance measurements. Solar irradiance's first and second‐order structures vary diurnally and seasonally, and our model adapts to such nonstationarity. Empirical irradiance data exhibits highly non‐Gaussian behavior; we develop a nonstationary and non‐Gaussian moving average model that is shown to capture realistic solar variability at multiple timescales. We also propose a new estimation scheme based on Cholesky factors of empirical autocovariance matrices, bypassing difficult and inaccessible likelihood‐based approaches. The model is demonstrated for a case study of three locations that are located in diverse climates through the United States. The model is compared against competitors from the literature and is shown to provide better uncertainty and variability quantification on testing data.
Deep brain stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus for the treatment of FIRES
Authors: Hect Jasmine L. , Fernandez Luis D. , Welch William P. , Abel Taylor J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFebrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare, life‐threatening complication of febrile illness in previously healthy individuals followed by super‐refractory status epilepticus. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Here, we present a pediatric patient with FIRES whose seizures were mitigated by acute DBS of the bilateral centromedian thalamic nucleus (CMTN). This is a previously healthy 11‐year‐old female who presented emergently with altered mental status, fever, and malaise after 1 week of lethargy, anorexia, fever, and abdominal pain. The patient began having seizures shortly after admission. After thorough workup for encephalitis and other potential etiologies, this patient was diagnosed with FIRES due to super‐refractory status epilepticus. Status epilepticus persisted despite pharmacologic management, immunotherapy, and vagus nerve stimulation. DBS of the bilateral CMTN (CM‐DBS) was pursued after 56 days of hospitalization, and she demonstrated considerable improvement in baseline mental status 30 days after DBS insertion. This report highlights application of CM‐DBS for super‐refractory status epilepticus in FIRES. This region is a diffusely connected brain region and has been shown to modulate neural networks contributing to seizure propagation and consciousness; therefore, neurostimulation is a potential therapeutic intervention for patients with super‐refractory status epilepticus.
Salt weathering of sandstone under dehydration and moisture absorption cycles: An experimental study on the sandstone from Dazu rock carvings
Authors: Yan Shaojun , Xie Ni , Liu Jianhui , Li Li , Peng Lizhou , Jiang Siwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSalt crystallization and phase change in porous media cause significant deterioration of cultural heritage made of stones and bricks. In this study, laboratory experiments on salt weathering of sandstone from the Dazu rock carvings (DRC) in Chongqing, southwest China, were carried out by exposing them to cycles of temperature and humidity change. Mirabilite, the main component of the salts in DRC that readily undergoes phase change, was utilized for the study. Three groups of Dazu sandstone (DS) samples with high (2.4 mol/L), moderate (1.5 mol/L) and low concentrations (1.0 mol/L) of sodium sulphate were prepared; and two conditions, high‐temperature with low‐humidity and low‐temperature with high‐humidity, were designed to simulate the fluctuations of temperature and humidity in the Dazu area. After several cycles, the dehydration and moisture absorption of DS under these two conditions forces the phase change of sodium sulphate between thenardite (Na2SO4) and mirabilite (Na2SO4·10H2O), causing different levels of damage. A combination results of sample length, weight, microstructure, and mechanical property variations show that the damage effect of the thenardite formed during dehydration is more significant than that of mirabilite in moisture absorption. During these cycles, there is noticeable salt migration and the local concentration of salts is influenced by the microstructure of the stone and the distribution of clay minerals. Samples with high salt content show disintegration of the stone into powder, while those with moderate salt concentration show flaking and salt accumulation on the surface. These types of damage correspond with observations of natural weathering in the field. The experiment shows that no obvious damage takes place when the salt content is lower than 0.67%. These results contribute to a better understanding of the effects of salt weathering on sandstone and provide references for choosing correct prevention and protection measures for the world heritage site DRC.
RVS 09.01.53 Quarz, Asbest, Chrom VI – Zum Umgang mit dem Unvermeidbaren im Tunnel – ein Leitfaden
Authors: Lauffer‐Neumann Dagmar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuartz, asbestos and chromium (VI) compounds can be found again and again in tunnel construction, especially quartz dust is an everyday companion at tunnel construction sites in Austria. The dusts from quartz, asbestos and chromium (VI) compounds are clearly carcinogenic, so measures to avoid and minimize dust exposure for employees are accordingly important. In the 2021 limit value ordinance, the limit value for fine quartz dust was reduced to 0.05 mg / m3, i.e. to a third of the previous value. Reaching this limit value represents a new challenge for everyone involved in underground projects, and the new RVS 09.01.53 is meant to provide a guideline for the planning of appropriate protective measures. The RVS 09.01.53 is expected to be published in autumn 2021.
Messen von Kooperation – Der KOOP‐Quickcheck der Österreichischen Bautechnikvereinigung
Authors: Müllneritsch Brigitte , Wiesner Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCooperation on the construction site means less stress, a better atmosphere, working together to find solutions and fun at work. This gives the opportunity to focus more on the technical challenges, because much less time is needed to settle disputes. This also requires significantly less administrative cost and thus ensures greater efficiency, because any improvement in communication creates trust and openness, reduces controversial correspondence and the risk of misunderstandings. The working group ”Cooperative Project Management“ of the ÖBV, launched a pilot project in 2016 to measure the cooperation on construction sites. Ongoing anonymous surveys of key people in a construction project were intended to establish mutual cooperation and, in particular, to monitor its development over time. On the basis of these findings, it should be possible to detect and counteract any undesirable developments in cooperation on construction projects at an early stage.
Abwicklung von Tunnelbauvorhaben – Analyse der Ist‐Situation
Authors: Hödl Reinhold , Bach Dietmar , Lehner Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe situation on the sites of large tunnel construction projects has become increasingly tense in recent years. On all sides, the implementation of these projects suffers from economic constraints, which inevitably lead to a decline in the culture of dialogue and a deterioration in personal relationships. A solution to this problem cannot be achieved by simple calculations or rules. It is much more a matter of working out new alternative paths and possibilities together, and then taking them. However, those responsible and, above all, those involved on the ground must be able to take this step, and be allowed to do so.