bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Report of ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19 Corona Virus Recombinant Vaccine Related Granuloma Annulare
Authors: Shri S. Swetha , Thomas Jayakar 
Published: November 2021

Background: Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory skin condition of unknown origin that may occur following multiple etiological triggers. GA incited secondary to vaccinations has been rarely reported in the medical literature. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced extensive global immunization against the SARS-COV-2 virus, bringing a gamut of vaccine-related complications. We elucidate a case report of the spontaneous eventuality of GA following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Recombinant Vaccine.
Case Report: A healthy 26-year male presented with a one-week history of asymptomatic single, flesh-pink patch with a raised margin over his left ventral forearm. On close examination, the margin of the lesion had multiple annularly arranged papules. Biopsy of lesion was done, and histopathology revealed numerous palisading granulomas in the dermis consistent with findings of localized GA. The patient was managed with once-daily external application high potent topical corticosteroids, which was used intermittently by the patient. However, the lesion showed spontaneous resolution in one month.
Conclusion: Identifying ChAdOx1 nCoV- 19 Vaccine-related adverse events following its first dose is paramount, as evidence of the proportion of local or systemic severe cutaneous adverse skin reaction (SCAR) on subsequent dosing is a paucity. A more extensive systematic review corroborating SCARs and safety profile following immunization with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine prevails to be the need of the hour.
Enhanced Access to Testing & Diagnosis & Hepatitis C Burden; A Public Health Intervention
Authors: Bhatti Shameem , Bhanbro Bakhtiar Ahmed , Kumar Pardeep , Ahuja Kanta , Qazi Mansoor , Bhatti Naseem Khatoon 
Published: November 2021

Objective: To gauge the effect of increasing access to care and streamlining testing and diagnosis on hepatitis C burden (incidence of disease, rate (%) of complications, adverse events and mortality) in a rural population.
Methodology: This quasi-experimental research was conducted at Taluka Gambat (Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan) from August 2019 to January 2021. This public health intervention, comprised of establishing collection points, near healthcare centers in Gambat Taluka, that facilitated the sample collection, transport and testing of patient samples (for Hep C). The test results along with basic biodata, sociodemographic details, disease particulars, presenting signs and symptoms (and their duration), of consenting patients, were recorded onto a structured questionnaire and the data analyzed using SPSS. v. 21.0.
Results: A total of 492 individuals were studied. The mean age of the sample was 32.5± 6.9 years with an age range of 18 to 65 years. Pre-Intervention (establishment of collection units) records showcased a lower frequency of cases being reported, which jumped to more than three-fold following provision of greater access to testing and diagnosis. The number of cases presenting with Hep C complications though, steadily declined (from 66.7% to 12.1% - p: < 0.05), and the mortality rate took a significant dive (33.3% to 0% - p: < 0.05). The incidence of diagnosed cases presenting with adverse outcomes (liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatic carcinoma) fell sharply, from 33% to 6.1% - p: < 0.05.
Conclusion: Enhanced access to care and streamlining testing and diagnosis, overtime reduced the disease burden associated with Hepatitis C, by identifying patients with the disease early before the disease progresses and leads to adverse events.
Impact of Probiotic (Saccharomyces Boulardii) Administration in Prevention and Management of Chronic Diarrhea
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Ilyas , Qureshi Rizwana , Bharo Mumtaz Ali , Syed Shahbat E Maryam , Rajput Aatir H. , Kazi Khalil Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Background: Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, and is responsible for killing around 525 000 children every year. Though many treatment modalities exist, chronic diarrheal conditions demand a safer alternative modality (with lesser side effects) and thus, role of probiotics in prevention and management of chronic diarrhea merits exploration.
Objective: To study the impact of probiotic (Saccharomyces Boulardii) in prevention and management of chronic diarrhea.
Methodology: This experimental study comprised of a sample of 178 (chosen via non-probability, consecutive sampling) children aged 2 months to 12 years, presenting to the study setting with chronic diarrhea (from November 05, 2019, to May 04, 2020) to the Dept. of Pediatrics at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. After taking written consent, data was recorded onto a structured questionnaire containing inquiries about the socio-demographic details, diarrheal disease history, medication history and eventual treatment outcome. The study population was divided into 2 equal groups (S. Boulardii group & Control Group) of 89 each. The active treatment period was 5 days. All study participants were examined on day 0 (inclusion day) and followed up on day 3 and day 6 during active treatment phase and in the following month thereafter for observation. The data obtained was analyzed through SPSS version 20.
Results: The mean age of the sample stood at 6.5 (SD ± 1.5) years. Baseline characteristics such as mean age and the average frequency of stools were comparable in S. boulardii and control group at the time of inclusion in the trial. By day 3 it reduced to 2.8 and 4.4 stools per day respectively and by day 6 it reduced to 1.4 (S. boulardii Group) and 3.7 (control group). The duration of diarrhea was 3.2 days in S. boulardii group whereas it was 5.2 day in control group (P = 0.001). In the following month, S. boulardii group had a significantly lower frequency of 0.46 episodes as compared to 1.28 episodes in control group.
Conclusion: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that average frequency of stools is significantly reduced and brought down to normal in the S. boulardii group as compared to the control group The drug was well accepted and tolerated. There were no reports of the side effects during treatment period.
Intraocular Pressure Reduction and Complications Profile of Trabeculectomy with 5 Fluorouracil Versus Phaco-trabeculectomy with 5 Fluorouracil in Nigerian Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Ogunro Adunola , Nathaniel Godswill Inye 
Published: November 2021

Aims: To evaluate the surgical outcome of combined phacoemulsification cataract surgery plus posterior chamber intraocular and trabeculectomy with adjunctive 5-Fluorouracil versus trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil in the management of Primary open angle glaucoma.
Study Design: it was retrospective comparative interventional study
Place and Duration of Study: Glaucoma Unit, Eye foundation Hospital Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria between January 2015, and December 2017
Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive 29 eyes (29 patients) who had trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil compared with 26 eyes (26 patients) who had combined phacotrabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil from 2015 to 2017. All patients had a minimum follow up of 3 months.
Results: The mean age of 54.48±14.42 years in Trabeculectomy group was significantly (p>0.001) lower than 70.76±7.22 years for the Phacotrabeculectomy group. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma medication were similar for the two groups (19.86±9.63mmHg versus 22.23±8.99mmHg; 2.66±1.20 versus 2.73±0.72 medication, trabeculectomy versus phacotrabeculectomy respectively). The postoperative IOP and glaucoma medication after a mean follow up period of 17.11±9.81 months was not significantly different between the two groups (11.55±2.71mmHg versus 12.31±4.33mmHg, p=0.436 for trabeculectomy versus phacotrabeculectomy respectively). Both groups significantly required fewer number of antiglaucoma medication at final follow-up (1.14±0.92 vs 1.46±1.10, trabeculectomy vs phacotrabeculectomy. In the trabeculectomy group, 25 (86.2%) had IOP of ≤15mmHg with or without topical antiglaucoma drops. In the phacotrabeculectomy, 21 (80.76%) had IOP of ≤15mmHg with or without topical antiglaucoma medication (Qualified success). On the other hand, 8 (27.58%) had IOP of ≤15mmHg without topical antiglaucoma medication at the end of the follow-up in the trabeculectomy (Complete success). In the phacotrabeculectomy group, 5 (19.23%) had final IOP of ≤15mmHg without topical antiglaucoma medication.
Few complications occurred in both groups.
Conclusion: Phacotrabeculectomy augmented with 5-Fluorouracil gave comparable surgical success to 5-Fluorouracil augmented trabeculectomy alone.
Whaling in Iron Age to post-medieval Scotland
Authors: Van den Hurk Youri , McGrath Krista 
Published: November 2021

Cetacean remains have been recovered from archaeological sites all over Europe, but are especially abundant in Scotland. These remains originate from all periods and have often been worked into artefacts or tools, including chopping blocks, plaques, combs, pegs, snecks and perforated vertebral epiphyseal discs. It still remains unclear which species were exploited and to what extent active whaling was undertaken in the region. To address these questions Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) was undertaken on 35 cetacean specimens from five sites in Scotland (Jarlshof, Brough of Birsay, Quoygrew, Deerness and Freswick Links), dating from the Iron Age to the post-medieval period. Furthermore, morphological analysis was performed on the material in order to optimise the ZooMS identifications.
A large variety of species were identified, including high numbers of Balaenidae sp and Globicephalinae sp. Comparison with other ZooMS studies in north-western Europe revealed equally high specimen numbers for these species, but also fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), sperm whale (Phy-seter macrocephalus) and humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Moreover, one grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus) was identified in the Scottish specimens, adding to an increasing number of specimens indicating that the grey whale was once abundant in European waters. Furthermore, only one specimen of the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) was identified, despite modern stranding data which suggests this is the most common large whale species in Scottish waters.
The large variety of species identified suggests that opportunistic scavenging was likely the primary method of acquiring cetaceans, though historical and ethnographic sources suggest that two distinct forms of active whaling may have occasionally been undertaken. The high number of Globicephalinae specimens from Jarlshof raise the possibility that drive-hunting might have already been undertaken at the site during the Iron Age.
Customizable Microfluidic Origami Liver‐on‐a‐Chip (oLOC)
Authors: Xie Xin , Maharjan Sushila , Kelly Chastity , Liu Tian , Lang Robert J. , Alperin Roger , Sebastian Shikha , Bonilla Diana , Gandolfo Sakura , Boukataya Yasmine , Siadat Seyed Mohammad , Zhang Yu Shrike , Livermore Carol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe design and manufacture of an origami‐based liver‐on‐a‐chip device is presented, together with demonstrations of the chip's effectiveness at recapitulating some of the liver's key in vivo architecture, physical microenvironment, and functions. Laser‐cut layers of polyimide tape are folded together with polycarbonate nanoporous membranes to create a stack of three adjacent flow chambers separated by the membranes. Endothelial cells are seeded in the upper and lower flow chambers to simulate sinusoids, and hepatocytes are seeded in the middle flow chamber. Nutrients and metabolites flow through the simulated sinusoids and diffuse between the vascular pathways and the hepatocyte layers, mimicking physiological microcirculation. Studies of cell viability, metabolic functions, and hepatotoxicity of pharmaceutical compounds show that the endothelialized liver‐on‐a‐chip model is conducive to maintaining hepatocyte functions and evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of drugs. The unique origami approach speeds chip development and optimization, effectively simplifying the laboratory‐scale fabrication of on‐chip models of human tissues without necessarily reducing their structural and functional sophistication.
Synthesis of Substituted 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐Naphthaldehydes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation and Vinylene Transfer of Enaminones with Vinylene Carbonate
Authors: Liu Min , Yan Kelu , Wen Jiangwei , Liu Weihua , Wang Mingyu , Wang Lina , Wang Xiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation and vinylene transfer of enaminones with vinylene carbonate have been proposed for the synthesis of substituted 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthaldehydes in 49–84% yields. Several preliminary mechanistic studies and hydroxyl‐directed derivatization reactions of 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthaldehydes were also performed. This method offers an alternative approach for the synthesis of 1‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthaldehydes.magnified image
In Vivo Cellular‐Level 3D Imaging of Peripheral Nerves Using a Dual‐Focusing Technique for Intra‐Neural Interface Implantation
Authors: Lee Min Woo , Jang Namseon , Choi Nara , Yang Sungwook , Jeong Jinwoo , Nam Hyeong Soo , Oh Sang‐Rok , Kim Keehoon , Hwang Donghyun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn vivo volumetric imaging of the microstructural changes of peripheral nerves with an inserted electrode could be key for solving the chronic implantation failure of an intra‐neural interface necessary to provide amputated patients with natural motion and sensation. Thus far, no imaging devices can provide a cellular‐level three‐dimensional (3D) structural images of a peripheral nerve in vivo. In this study, an optical coherence tomography‐based peripheral nerve imaging platform that employs a newly proposed depth of focus extension technique is reported. A point spread function with the finest transverse resolution of 1.27 µm enables the cellular‐level volumetric visualization of the metal wire and microstructural changes in a rat sciatic nerve with the metal wire inserted in vivo. Further, the feasibility of applying the imaging platform to large animals for a preclinical study is confirmed through in vivo rabbit sciatic nerve imaging. It is expected that new possibilities for the successful chronic implantation of an intra‐neural interface will open up by providing the 3D microstructural changes of nerves around the inserted electrode.
In Situ Fabricated Quasi‐Solid Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Battery Capable of Subzero Operation
Authors: Yu Jing , Lin Xidong , Liu Jiapeng , Yu Jacky T. T. , Robson Matthew J. , Zhou Guodong , Law Ho M. , Wang Haoran , Tang Ben Zhong , Ciucci Francesco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) are an emerging technology for safe and high‐energy‐density electrochemical energy storage. Unfortunately, SSBs suffer from inadequate ionic conductivity and sluggish interfacial transport at subzero temperatures, which limit their widespread application. Herein, a flexible, stable, and highly conductive quasi‐solid polymer electrolyte (QSPE) for SSBs is developed that allows low‐temperature (LT) operation. The in situ polymerized QSPE has an integrated battery structure, outstanding ionic conductivity (e.g., 1.0 mS cm−1 at −30 °C), and exhibits favorable compatibility with Li metal (>2000 h in Li|QSPE|Li). Li|QSPE|LiFePO4 and high‐voltage Li|QSPE|LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 batteries demonstrate excellent long‐term stability (>2000 cycles at room temperature) and can operate effectively at LT (e.g., −30 °C). Furthermore, pouch cells with a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (14.5 mg cm−2) cathode show flexibility, safety, and high capacity. The high performance of this QSPE is ascribed to its unique multilayer solvation structure that provides fast Li+ transport and excellent interfacial stability. Thus, the newly developed electrolyte chemistry enables practical high‐voltage, LT solid‐state Li batteries.
Orthopedic considerations and surgical outcomes in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Authors: Yonko Elizabeth A. , LoTurco Holly M. , Carter Erin M. , Raggio Cathleen L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders with varying physical manifestations. There are no clear guidelines for addressing orthopedic concerns or reporting surgical outcomes in this population. This article reviews the literature, reports on a new study, and offers considerations prior to surgical intervention. The new study seeks to determine the effectiveness of surgical intervention in individuals with EDS. It is a retrospective chart review of 154 individuals clinically diagnosed with EDS who had orthopedic surgery >2 years ago at Hospital for Special Surgery. A total of 120 individuals were included in the study. One hundred eleven females and 9 males underwent a total of 320 orthopedic surgeries, of which 204 surgeries had available post‐operative follow‐up. The average age at surgery was 38.2 years (range: 7.6–83.3). Multiple post‐operative complications (290) were reported in 91% of cases. Common complications were persistent pain/discomfort (45), continued subluxation/dislocation (20), instability (19), pain/discomfort from hardware (17), and infection (16). Our results suggest that surgical outcomes are worse for individuals with EDS compared to the general population, a finding which is similar to other studies. Complications occurred more frequently in the EDS population than the average population, suggesting that surgery should be undertaken by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians with careful pre‐operative planning and full knowledge of the risks and benefits. Guidelines for the care of this unique population must be established.
Antioxidant activities of solid‐state fermentation derived proteins and peptides from heat‐stabilized defatted rice bran
Authors: Bisly Ali A. , Hettiarachchy Navam S. , Kumar T. K. S. , Lay Jackson O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe response surface methodology was used to optimize the effect of three parameters, Bacillus subtilis (natto) Takahashi inoculum log (5–7 log CFU/g HDRB), initial water content (25%–45% w/v), and fermentation time (24–72 h), as independent variables on the extraction of the maximum water‐soluble proteins and peptides (WSPP) from heat‐stabilized defatted rice bran (HDRB). The optimum conditions were achieved by fitting the second‐order polynomial equation. The result showed that all the factors, initial water content, inoculum log, and fermentation time, were critical in extracting WSPP from HDRB. The predicted optimum conditions for highest amount of WSPP extracted were 40.96% w/v water content, 6.27 log CFU/g HDRB inoculum log, and 61.01 h fermentation time. Under these optimized conditions of solid‐state fermentation (SSF), 64.6% ± 0.7% of total protein in HDRB was extracted as WSPP which was closer to the predicted value of 63.3%. While the WSPP extracted from nonfermented HDRB was 20.6%. The majority of the WSPP from SSF‐HDRB had MW <5 kDa. The WSPP from SSF‐HDRB showed significant radical scavenging activities (56%, 44.4%, and 84.5%) in comparison to that from HDRB (12.5%, 9.3%, and 35.5%), of free radical (DPPH), superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. The SSF method is an efficient method to extract proteins and hydrolysates from HDRB and can find application as an ingredient in suitable products. Furthermore, the higher antioxidant activity is indicative of its potential function in controlling the oxidative stability in food products.
Anatomy and development of skull–neck boundary structures in the skeleton of the extant crocodylianAlligator mississippiensis
Authors: Korneisel Dana E. , Vice Rebekah , Maddin Hillary C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA system‐by‐system approach dominates morphological and evolutionary study; however, some structures that are better understood within the context of an interface between two systems or traditional units remain less well understood. As part of a larger goal to clarify aspects of skull–neck boundary evolution, we herein describe the morphology and development of the occiput and atlas–axis complex in the crocodylianAlligator mississippiensis. We apply micro‐computed tomography scanning, clearing and double staining, and histological analyses to skull–neck boundary structures at three stages of development (embryonic stage 22, 23, and hatchling). Regions of ossification that could possibly pertain to a postparietal were found adjacent to the parietal bone and supraoccipital; however, these were not deemed convincing and are considered part of the supraoccipital. Within the atlas–axis complex, the proatlas appears as two discrete cartilaginous elements in Stage 22 that ossify together at Stage 23. Posterior to the proatlas, the atlas–axis complex is composed of two centra, each with cervical ribs ventrally and neural arches dorsally that begin ossifying at Stage 23. Histology and clearing and staining of Stages 22 and 23 embryos reveal a discrete atlas intercentrum applied to the ventral part of the occipital condyle of the skull. Posterior to this is a cartilage that appears to be a co‐chondrified atlas pleurocentrum, axis intercentrum, and axis pleurocentrum. Ossification of this cartilaginous structure produces discrete atlas inter‐ and pleurocentra, as well as a singular axis centrum. Together these data are discussed with reference to clarifying historical discrepancies concerning elements at the crocodylian skull–neck boundary.
One‐pot Multienzyme (OPME) Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Brain Ganglioside Glycans with Human ST3GAL II Expressed in E. coli
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , Yu Hai , Yang Xiaohong , Singh Kooner Anoopjit , Yuan Yue , Luu Bryant , Chen Xi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA human sialyltransferase ST3GAL II (hST3GAL II) was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli as an active soluble fusion protein with an N‐terminal maltose‐binding protein (MBP) and a C‐terminal hexa‐histidine tag. It was used as an efficient catalyst in a one‐pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation system for high‐yield production of the glycans of ganglioside GM1b and highly sialylated brain gangliosides GD1a and GT1b. Further sialylation of GM1b and GD1a glycans using a bacterial α2–8‐sialyltransferase in another OPME sialylation reaction led to the formation of the glycans of GD1c and brain ganglioside GT1a, respectively. The lower reverse glycosylation activity of the recombinant hST3GAL II compared to its bacterial sialyltransferase counterpart simplifies the handling of enzymatic synthetic reactions and has an advantage for future use in automated chemoenzymatic synthetic processes.