bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representation of #CAMHS on social media platform TikTok
Authors: Chadee Preetisha , Evans Sacha 
Published: June 2021

AimsThe video-based free social media app, TikTok, has grown in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, with half of British children using Tik Tok regularly. With more than 2 billion downloads, it was the most downloaded app of 2020. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) is currently found on TikTok via the hashtag #CAMHS. The aim of this study was to explore how CAMHS is represented on TikTok through reviewing the hashtags associated with CAMHS and exploring the themes of videos with the #CAMHS hashtag.MethodThe Tik Tok app was downloaded and a search for the hashtags which featured the word #CAMHS was undertaken. A thematic analysis of the top 100 most popular uploaded videos featuring the #CAMHS was conducted. The number of likes, views and shares of the videos featuring each theme was recorded.ResultVideos with the hashtag #CAMHS had 203.9 million views, followed by: #camhsmeme(s) totalling 43.1 million views, #camhsjokes with 21.4 million views and #camhskids, 12.5 million views. The top 100 most popular videos represented 24% of total viewed videos with the hashtag #CAMHS.The most popular recurrent themes associated with the hashtag #CAMHS in our sample were: raising awareness of mental health symptoms and management (40% of videos), reference to self-harm (27% of videos) and negative perception of CAMHS (27% of videos).Raising awareness of mental health symptoms and management had the most likes (3,694,700) and views (17,435,900). This was followed by videos with themes of reference to self-harm (3,006,300 likes and 14,382,700 views). The most shared themes were: reference to suicide (shared 56,763 times) and videos which portrayed a theme of negative perception of CAMHS (40,628 shares). Videos with themes of a negative perception of CAMHS also garnered 1,762,500 likes and 8,666,900 views.ConclusionCAMHS is actively represented on TikTok through freely accessible unregulated videos. Videos with themes of raising awareness of mental health symptoms and management can potentially allow young people to share their experiences. Nonetheless, popular hashtags such as #CAMHSmemes and #CAMHSjokes, as well as videos featuring themes of negative perception of CAMHS, could potentially undermine the reputation of CAMHS to existing and future service users. The content of these videos should be taken seriously by CAMHS clinicians as it can potentially provide an insight into service users’ experiences of CAMHS on a scale that has not been observed before. Presently these videos are not screened or modulated by the NHS CAMHS service.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress disorders among medical students in Alexandria Faculty of Medicine during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hemead Hanan M. , Hemead Sarah , Shaheen Ahmed , Shaheen Nour , Elrewany Ehab , Sheshtawy Hesham Adel 
Published: June 2021

AimsWe aimed to assess the impact of the current pandemic on the mental well-being of undergraduate medical students of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.MethodWe designed a structured anonymous online questionnaire and encourage students to fill it in on social platforms. The questionnaire is composed of seven parts, each one includes multiple choice questions aimed to measure the impact of the pandemic on different aspect of daily activities namely: academic performance, social and family relationship, eating and smoking habits, sleep pattern, physical activity and the Depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). The last part was an open question where participants can state their comments about the experiences during the quarantine and how they affected their mental health.ResultA total of 1181 students from the six academic grades responded. Females and students in the third academic year showed the highest prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress. Overall, most respondents reported that the current pandemic had negative impacts on their academic performance (71%) and social relationship (67.5 %). The majority of the students stated that they became less physically active (74.6%) and 52.2% experienced a weight gain. Despite that 60% of the studied population rated their sleeping quality as ‘’very good’’ and ‘’fairly good’’, 45.3% and 39.6% suffered from increased sleeping hours and disturbed sleep respectively. Based on students’ responses of the DASS-21, over half of the participants (62.2%) were experiencing moderate to extremely severe stress and over 33% were consistent with symptoms of extremely severe anxiety. In respect of depression, nearly half of the sample (46.4%) can be described as having extremely severe depression according to the cut-off points of the DASS-21.ConclusionThe current pandemic has increased the challenges and burdens on undergraduate medical students. These impacts can be more profound in developing countries such as Egypt. The levels of psychiatric symptoms are alarming compared to previous local and international studies. These unprecedented consequences should be addressed promptly through students’ counselling and psychiatric assistance. To date, this is the largest psychiatric and survey-based study conducted on Alexandria Faculty of Medicine.Financial disclosure: The study was not funded by any organization, the authors did not receive any financial aids.
Alcohol use disorder and its association with personal well-being and life satisfaction
Authors: Lim Chau Sian , Lew Zhen Wei , Ng Yoke Chiang , Peh Lai Huat , Ong Hatta Santoso 
Published: June 2021

AimsThis study aims to find out how alcohol use disorder (AUD) correlates to personal well-being and life satisfaction.BackgroundAUD is prevalent and leads to significant physical, physiological, and social-occupational impairment. Mental well-being involves the overall positive psychological state of a person – being well adjusted, socially engaged, and emotionally healthy. Despite the paradigm shift from purely treating mental illness to promoting positive mental health, there is limited literature describing the relationship between alcohol use disorder and mental well-being.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in a general hospital in Singapore. Patients admitted across a span of two years were screened for possible alcohol use disorder. Patients were included if they were male, aged 21 years and above, and had the mental capacity to give consent. They were excluded if they had illicit drug use, acute mental illness, inability or refusal to give consent, or if they were already receiving intervention for addiction issues. Participants were administered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Those who scored 8 or above were classified as being at risk for AUD, while those who scored 7 or less were classified as at low risk. They were also administered the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the “Satisfaction with Life as a Whole” question. The PWI measures individuals’ subjective well-being across seven domains. The “Satisfaction with Life as a Whole” question measures, on an eleven-point Likert scale, how satisfied the respondent feels with life in general. Demographic data were also collected and STATA v. 12.1 was used for statistical analysis.ResultAmong a total of 134 participants, 25 of them scored ≥8 on the AUDIT and 109 scored 7 or less. On the PWI, the group at risk scored significantly lower at 71.3 (95% CI: 66.0–76.7) compared to the group not at risk at 77.9 (95% CI: 75.8–79.9), p < 0.01. The results were similar on the “Satisfaction with Life as a Whole” item. The group at risk had a mean of 6.72 (95% CI: 6.03–7.41) while the group not at risk had a mean of 7.67 (95% CI: 7.41–7.93), both p < 0.01. The differences between the high risk and low risk groups remained statistically significant even after adjusting for differences in age, race, education level, and employment status.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a statistically significant association between AUD and personal well-being as well as satisfaction with life among males.
Dissection of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia
Authors: Muratib Fizah , Mizuno Yuya , Figueiredo Ines Carreira , Howes Oliver , Marques Tiago Reis 
Published: June 2021

AimsSchizophrenia is notoriously becoming one of the world's most debilitating mental disorders, affecting 1 in 100 people. There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation plays a part in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders; microglial activity acting as a marker for neuroinflammatory reactions in the brain. Furthermore, cannabis is an illicit substance that also evokes a similar response in the neuroimmune activity. This project explores how cannabis exposure influences an elevation in neuroinflammatory responses through TSPO levels, and whether this information can help us determine if cannabis use and increased TSPO levels can be associated with a risk factor for developing psychosis.Method55 participants (36 males and 19 females) were recruited from the community by the IRIS (Inflammatory Reaction in Schizophrenia) team at the IoPPN, King's College London, from which 34 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls took part in the study. The eligible participants underwent clinical assessments and PET scanning, from which cannabis use history and PET data were collected. Participant neuroinflammatory levels are represented by [18F]DPA-714 volume and different regions of grey matter in the brain were analysed through multivariate analyses, the confounding variables being age and TSPO genotype.ResultA statistically significant association is shown between participants who have had exposure to cannabis and participants who have not had any exposure in their lifetime. The differences across the prioritised brain regions of interest were robust, the association appearing more apparent and statistically significant in the total (p = .00) and temporal grey matter (p = .00) regions of the brain. This may suggest that cannabis exposure influences the [18F]DPA-714 VT in the significant regions of interest. However, a negative association is seen with current use, the quantity of use, and the frequency of use.ConclusionThe initial findings for cannabis exposure show us a positive association with increased TSPO levels, however, limitations must be taken into account. Although we cannot readily establish that elevated TSPO levels in cannabis users can presently act as a risk factor marker for developing psychosis from this particular study, we can utilise this data to continue our research in disclosing a new system to predict the occurrence of psychosis.
Pilot study of the use of handheld 6-lead ECG for patients on acute general adult mental health wards who refuse traditional 12-lead ECG
Authors: Briley Paul M , Lankappa Sudheer 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo assess patient and clinician acceptability of handheld 6-lead ECG, for obtaining information about cardiac rhythm and electrical intervals, in acute general adult mental health ward inpatients who refuse traditional 12-lead ECG.BackgroundIn a previous audit of patients admitted to four acute general adult mental health wards, we found that 1 in 4 patients refused 12-lead ECG for at least two weeks, with 1 in 6 refusing throughout their entire stay. ECG refusers were significantly more likely to have a psychotic illness than non-refusers and were thus more likely to benefit from medications that carry a risk of prolonging the QT interval. Less invasive, handheld, 6-lead ECG, which includes measurement of lead II (the lead used to define traditional QT-interval cut-off values) is available on the NHS supply chain. Whilst not providing the full range of information that 12-lead ECG is able to provide, handheld 6-lead ECG might be an acceptable alternative in patients who would otherwise never have any form of ECG performed.MethodWe developed a Standard Operating Procedure for use of handheld 6-lead ECG and provided training for junior doctors on the four wards that were the subject of our original audit. These doctors were then able to offer the device to patients on their wards who refused 12-lead ECG. Doctors completed a short feedback form each time a handheld ECG was offered.ResultSo far, handheld 6-lead ECGs have been offered to 17 patients who refused 12-lead ECGs. Mean age (± SD) was 36.1 (± 12.6) years, and 4 of these patients were female. 13 patients (76%) accepted a handheld ECG. One of these attempts failed due to patient agitation. Attempts took a mean of 7 (± 5.4) minutes. 54% of recordings were described as “very easy” by clinicians, whereas 15%, 23% and 8% were described as “somewhat easy”, “intermediate”, and “somewhat difficult”, respectively. Clinician difficulties focussed on patient movement with impact on electrode contact and trace quality. Where answered (N = 10), 90% of patients stated they would recommend a handheld ECG to others. Patients liked the speed of the process, that it felt “less scary”, and that it was less invasive and did not involve removing clothing.ConclusionOur initial findings from this pilot suggest that handheld 6-lead ECG may be acceptable, both to clinicians and patients, as a means of obtaining information on cardiac rhythm and electrical intervals for patients who refuse 12-lead ECGs.
Combination of Mitotane and Locoregional Treatments in Low-volume Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Boilève Alice , Mathy Elise , Roux Charles , Faron Matthieu , Hadoux Julien , Tselikas Lambros , Al Ghuzlan Abir , Hescot Ségolène , Leboulleux Sophie , de Baere Thierry , Lamartina Livia , Deschamps Frédéric , Baudin Eric 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Context
European and French guidelines for ENSAT stage IV low tumor burden or indolent adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) recommend a combination of mitotane and locoregional treatments (LRT) as first-line treatment. Nevertheless, the benefit of LRT in combination with mitotane has never been evaluated in this selected group of patients.

Objective
This work aimed to evaluate the therapeutic strategy of LRT combined with mitotane in patients with low tumor burden stage IVA ACC.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed from 2003 to 2018 of patients with stage IV ACC with 2 or fewer tumoral organs who received mitotane in our center. The primary end point was the delay between mitotane initiation and first systemic chemotherapy. Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from mitotane initiation. Adjusted analyses were performed on the main prognostic factors.

Results
Out of 79 included patients, 48 (61%) patients were female and the median age at stage IVA diagnosis was 49.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 38.8-60.0 years). Metastatic sites were mainly lungs (76%) and liver (48%). Fifty-eight (73%) patients received LRT including adrenal bed radiotherapy (14 patients, 18%), surgery (37 patients, 47%), and/or interventional radiology (35 patients, 44%). Median time between mitotane initiation and first chemotherapy administration was 9 months (IQR, 4-18 months). Median PFS1 (first tumor-progression) was 6.0 months (95% CI, 4.5-8.6). Median OS was 46 months (95% CI, 41-68). PFS1, PFS2, and OS were statistically longer in the mitotane plus LRT group compared to the mitotane-only group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22-0.68; HR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63; and HR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.50, respectively). Ten (13%) patients achieved complete response (CR), all from the mitotane plus LRT group.

Conclusion
Our results endorse European and French guidelines for stage IV ACC with 2 or fewer tumor organs and favor the combination of mitotane and LRT as first-line treatment. For the first time, a significant number of CRs were observed. Prospective studies are expected to confirm these findings.
Avian color expression and perception: is there a carotenoid link?
Authors: Toomey Matthew B. , Ronald Kelly L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCarotenoids color many of the red, orange and yellow ornaments of birds and also shape avian vision. The carotenoid-pigmented oil droplets in cone photoreceptors filter incoming light and are predicted to aid in color discrimination. Carotenoid use in both avian coloration and color vision raises an intriguing question: is the evolution of visual signals and signal perception linked through these pigments? Here, we explore the genetic, physiological and functional connections between these traits. Carotenoid color and droplet pigmentation share common mechanisms of metabolic conversion and are both affected by diet and immune system challenges. Yet, the time scale and magnitude of these effects differ greatly between plumage and the visual system. Recent observations suggest a link between retinal carotenoid levels and color discrimination performance, but the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a modeling exercise to ask whether and how changes in droplet carotenoid content could alter the perception of carotenoid-based plumage. This exercise revealed that changing oil droplet carotenoid concentration does not substantially affect the discrimination of carotenoid-based colors, but might change how reliably a receiver can predict the carotenoid content of an ornament. These findings suggest that, if present, a carotenoid link between signal and perception is subtle. Deconstructing this relationship will require a deeper understanding of avian visual perception and the mechanisms of color production. We highlight several areas where we see opportunities to gain new insights, including comparative genomic studies of shared mechanisms of carotenoid processing and alternative approaches to investigating color vision.
Formulation of Diffraction Intensity of Ionic Plastic Crystal and Its Application to Trimethylethylammonium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide
Authors: Nishikawa Keiko , Yamada Taisei , Fujii Kozo , Masu Hyuma , Tozaki Ken-ichi , Endo Takatsugu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn ionic plastic crystal (IPC) is defined as a phase of material in which the orientation orders of constituent ions are melted but the gravity centers are ordered. It is formed by near-globular ions, which are violently rotated or largely disordered. Because of the rotation or disorder, structural analysis of an IPC cannot be performed in the same routine fashion as that of an ordinary ordered crystal. Therefore, we formulated diffraction intensities of IPCs consisting of ions which are regarded as statistically spherical, by introducing the structure factor of the components with rotational disorder. The method was applied to the structural study of the IPC phase of trimethylethylammonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([N1112][FSA]), which is an ionic liquid prototype. As a result, we found that the [FSA]− and the [N1112]+ can be regarded as statistically spherical owing to independent rotation or large disorder around each N atom. In addition, they are arranged in the CsCl-type structure. This model explained well not only the diffraction pattern but also the intensities. This is probably the first report on the diffraction intensity analysis of IPC.
Ru(0)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Borylated-Conjugated Triene Building Blocks by Cross-Dimerization and Their Use in Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Kuramochi Ayumi , Komine Nobuyuki , Kiyota Sayori , Hirano Masafumi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBorylated-conjugated polyenes are used widely as synthetic building blocks for the preparation of many biologically active molecules. Nevertheless, access to these building blocks has been limited. In this study, borylated-conjugated trienes were synthesized by Ru-catalyzed cross-dimerizations for use in cross-coupling reactions. A reaction of diphenylacetylene with (E)-butadien-1-ylboronic acid pinacol ester catalyzed by [Ru(naphthalene)(1,5-cod)] (10 mol %) at r.t., in benzene produced (1E,3E,5Z)-5,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-trien-1-yl boronic acid pinacol ester within 10 min in 93% yield. A similar treatment using pent-1-yn-1-yl boronic acid diisopropyl ester with methyl (E)-pentadienoate afforded methyl (2E,4E,6E)-7-(diisopropyloxyboraneyl)-6-propylhexa-2,4,6-trienoate in 89% yield. A series of mono- and diborylated-conjugated trienes were synthesized by cross-dimerization and assessed for their potential use in cross-coupling reactions. Using this protocol, the total synthesis of navenone B, a sea slug pheromone, was achieved in only three steps in 45% total yield.
Bayes Lines Tool (BLT): a SQL-script for analyzing diagnostic test results with an application to SARS-CoV-2-testing
Authors: Aukema Wouter , Malhotra Bobby Rajesh , Goddek Simon , Kämmerer Ulrike , Borger Peter , McKernan Kevin , Klement Rainer Johannes 
Published: June 2021

The performance of diagnostic tests crucially depends on the disease prevalence, test sensitivity, and test specificity. However, these quantities are often not well known when tests are performed outside defined routine lab procedures which make the rating of the test results somewhat problematic. A current example is the mass testing taking place within the context of the world-wide SARS-CoV-2 crisis. Here, for the first time in history, laboratory test results have a dramatic impact on political decisions. Therefore, transparent, comprehensible, and reliable data is mandatory. It is in the nature of wet lab tests that their quality and outcome are influenced by multiple factors reducing their performance by handling procedures, underlying test protocols, and analytical reagents. These limitations in sensitivity and specificity have to be taken into account when calculating the real test results. As a resolution method, we have developed a Bayesian calculator, the Bayes Lines Tool (BLT), for analyzing disease prevalence, test sensitivity, test specificity, and, therefore, true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative numbers from official test outcome reports. The calculator performs a simple SQL (Structured Query Language) query and can easily be implemented on any system supporting SQL. We provide an example of influenza test results from California, USA, as well as two examples of SARS-CoV-2 test results from official government reports from The Netherlands and Germany-Bavaria, to illustrate the possible parameter space of prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity consistent with the observed data. Finally, we discuss this tool’s multiple applications, including its putative importance for informing policy decisions.