bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIODIGESTORES COMO FERRAMENTA PARA UM ENSINO INTEGRADOR
Authors: Silva Zenilda Ribeiro , Krelling Lígia Marcelino , Florczak Marcos Antonio 
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho realizado por meio de uma pesquisa de observação participante, busca uma instrumentalização para o ensino das Ciências Naturais (CN) envolveu jovens do Ensino Médio regular de uma escola estadual em Araucária–PR. O objetivo foi propor estratégias para ensinar de forma integrada, por meio do conceito unificador energia.Para análise dos dados utilizamos a perspectiva qualitativa de análise de conteúdos como propõe Bardin (1977). Para alcançar esta meta foi proposto a construção de um modelo didático pedagógico de biodigestor que deu suporte ao conteúdo teórico trabalhado de modo dialogado em sala de aula. O trabalho aqui apresentado foi concebido de forma a contemplar os dois eixos fundamentais recomendados pelos PCN para o ensino de CN: a contextualização e a interdisciplinaridade. A contextualização ocorreu por meio de discussão, em sala de aula, relacionada ao processo de decomposição da matéria orgânica, que ao longo da biodigestão permitiu a visualização da formação do gás metano e outros gases que foram produzidos durante este processo. A interdisciplinaridade, por sua vez, foi explorada no contexto de uma abordagem em que os fenômenos naturais, para serem vislumbrados de forma plena, necessitam da visão integrada de várias disciplinas. Ênfase foi dada às conexões entre os processos de decomposição da matéria orgânica e consequente produção de gás, o qual pode ser utilizado, por exemplo, na produção de energia elétrica. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Ciências. Interdisciplinaridade. Energia. Biodigestor.
A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL COMO PRÁXIS DA CTS FRENTE AS QUESTÕES AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Krelling Lígia Marcelino , Casagrande Junior Eloy Fassi , Zago Marcia Rodrigues da Silva 
Published: May 2021

O objetivo desse ensaio é a apresentar uma reflexão sobre a importância da Educação Ambiental na busca de um novo paradigma de sociedade, destacando uma abordagem em que teoria e prática devem caminhar juntas para que sejam estabelecidas novas e melhores formas de tratar e discutir as questões sobre o meio ambiente, destacando as relações de ciência e tecnologia nas relações sociais e ambientais.A introdução traz uma visão de como a Educação Ambiental surgiu no território Brasileiro influenciado pelos movimentos que aconteciam no mundo.Nesse contexto é abordado os movimentos de CTS( Ciência Tecnologia e Sociedade) que questionam as problemáticas ambientais e sociais sempre procurando que os atores envolvidos nas mesmas tenham suas vozes respeitadas.Para tanto o texto traz uma visão da Sustentabilidade defendida por Sachs,considerando as dimensões ambientais, culturais,sociais e econômicas.Para finalizar destaca-se que os Movimentos CTS e a criação da Educação Ambiental caminharam lado a lado, salienta-se a importância de propostas que possibilitem mudanças de posturas frente aos problemas ambientais, já que o ob­jetivo da educação é a formação do indivíduo. Assim, nasce a necessidade de alfabetizar indivíduos em ciência e tecnologia, contextualizando os conte­údos científicos.
Beloften en teleurstellingen van artificiële intelligentie voor wetenschappelijke ontdekkingen
Authors: Heeffer Albrecht 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Promises and disappointments of artificial intelligence for scientific discovery

Recent successes within Artificial Intelligence with deep learning techniques in board games gave rise to the ambition to apply these learning methods to scientific discovery. This model for discovering new scientific laws is based on data-driven generalization in large databases with observational data using neural networks. In this study we want to review and critical assess an earlier research programme by the name of BACON. Though BACON was based on different AI technology, we can learn from its limitations and thus adjust our expectations. The BACON program had two ambitions, one descriptive and one normative. On the one hand, it wanted to provide an explanation how philosophers of nature in history arrived at general laws from observational data and on the other hand it also aimed to reconstruct historical discoveries and realize new ones. We will assess the claims of the BACON program by means of two historical cases studies: the discovery of the sine law of refraction in optics and the discovery of Kepler’s third law of planetary motion. I will demonstrate that, despite the formulated claims, BACON did not use the same historical data available to its discoverers and, more importantly, that the model of inductive generalization of observational data does not correspond with the historical methods. Finally I will question the value of data-driven induction for scientific discovery in general.
Gregor Mendel, Thomas Hunt Morgan en experimenten in de klassieke genetica
Authors: Leuridan Bert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Gregor Mendel, Thomas Hunt Morgan and experiments in classical genetics

In the middle of the 19th century, Gregor Mendel performed a series of crosses with pea plants to investigate how hybrids are formed. Decades later, Thomas Hunt Morgan finalized the theory of classical genetics. An important aspect of Mendel’s and Morgan’s scientific approach is that they worked in a systematic, experimental fashion. But how did these experiments proceed? What is the relation between these experiments and Mendel’s and Morgan’s explanatory theories? What was their evidential value? Using present-day insights in the nature of experimentation I will show that the answer to these questions is fascinating but not obvious. Crossings in classical genetics lacked a crucial feature of traditional experiments for causal discovery: manipulation of the purported causes. Hence they were not traditional, ‘manipulative’ experiments, but ‘selective experiments’.
Kan handelingswetenschap de conceptualiteitsimpasse tegengaan?
Authors: Bulterman-Bos Jacquelien 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Can Participative Action Research reduce the conceptualism-impasse?

The conceptualism-impasse emerges when educational authorities (such as the Education Inspection) offer conceptual knowledge based on ‘objective’ research while expecting that such knowledge consists of knowhow that is ready for use by teachers. Conceptual ‘knowledge that,’ however, is of a different kind than ‘knowhow’. Knowhow is embodied knowledge that cannot be transferred to other people via language. It is developed by deliberate practice. If authorities offer conceptual knowledge while expecting to offer the technical knowhow to make education work, they (inadvertently) impose inadequate requirements on teachers and draw untimely conclusions about teachers’ failure, with all due consequences for the pedagogical climate in schools.
The emergence of this impasse is related to a technical view of education that was established by behaviorism and resulted in an architecture of our education field in which knowledge and action are separated. This article addresses the question whether participative action research (handelingsonderzoek) that connects knowledge and action can prevent this impasse. It concludes that participative action research can contribute a great deal, but the present architecture of our educational field and the pretensions of ‘objective’ research need to be addressed too.
Šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų emisijos iš laivų mažinimo naudojant alternatyvų jūrinį kurą analizė
Authors: Gavėnas Jonas , Nikolajus Alvydas 
Published: May 2021

Norint sumažinti laivybos išmetamosiomis dujomis sukeliamą taršą, kuri turi didelę įtaką aplinkos ekologijai ir klimato kaitai, būtina kuo skubiau atkreipti dėmesį į naujus galimus alternatyvius jūrinius degalus, kiek galima daugiau prisidedant prie aplinkos saugojimo, nes laivyba turi didelį poveikį, kuris susijęs su šiltnamio dujų emisijomis.
Straipsnyje analizuojama jūrų transporto įtaka ekologiniam aplinkos disbalansui. Nagrinėjamos suskystintų natūralių dujų (LNG) sistemos konstrukcijos ir jų panaudojimas. LNG lyginamos su sunkiuoju jūriniu kuru (HFO). Pateikiamos galimybės šio kuro pritaikymui laivyboje tolimesniam laikotarpiui, žiūrint kaip į rimtą perspektyvą, mažinant laivų sukeliamą neigiamą poveikį aplinkai. Atradimai parodo, kad, dirbant su aukšto slėgio dviejų rūšių degalus naudojančia vidaus degimo variklio (VDV) sistema, sumažinamos šiltnamio dujų emisijos (GHG) iki 21 proc. palyginti su VDV, dirbančiais vien HFO. Ši variklio technologija labiausiai tinka dideliems mažų apsukų dvitakčiams varikliams, kurie naudojami jūriniam plaukiojimui didesniais atstumais. Kalbant apie oro taršą, varikliai, naudojantys kurui dujas, yra labai efektyvi priemonė mažinti tokias emisijas, kaip anglies dioksidas CO2, azoto oksidai (NOx), sieros oksidai (SOx). Kad būtų pasiekti Tarptautinės Jūrų Organizacijos (TJO) Tier 3 reikalavimai dėl azoto oksidų, būtina taikyti išmetamųjų dujų valymą naudojant selektyviuosius katalizatorius (SCR) arba pačių išmetamųjų dujų recirkuliaciją (EGR).
Vėjo elektrinių vizualinio poveikio kraštovaizdžiui vertinimo metodinės gairės
Authors: Abromas Jonas 
Published: May 2021

Dėl didėjančių vėjo elektrinių erdvinių parametrų kinta ir vizualinis poveikis kraštovaizdžiui. Vertinant Anykščių rajone esančių vėjo elektrinių poveikį kraštovaizdžiui ir tikslinant vizualinio poveikio zonas, pirmiausia buvo išanalizuota kartografinė medžiaga ir inventorizuotos vėjo elektrinės (parengta elektrinių išdėstymo GIS duomenų bazė). Taip pat nustatyti elektrinių vizualiniai parametrai. Tyrimo metu įvertintos vėjo elektrinių vizualinio poveikio zonos, poveikio pobūdis, reikšmingumas ir kontrasto laipsnis.
Nustatytos poveikio pobūdžio schemos dėl didesnių vėjo elektrinių erdvinių parametrų nesikeičia: 1 – vizualiai dominuojančios; 2 – iš dalies dominuojančios; 3 – akcentai; 4 – subdominantės; 5 – foniniai elementai.
Didžiąsias vėjo elektrines, kurių bendras aukštis siekia iki 150–230 m, esant geram matomumui galime pastebėti iki 30 km atstumu, tačiau vizualinį poveikį kraštovaizdžiui turi iki 15–20 km (kraštovaizdžio foniniai elementai).
Atresia anal grau IV em cão – relato de caso
Authors: Santos Fabiana Bernardes Almeida , Barreto Hellen Magela , Salles Simone Pontes Xavier , De Andrade Corrine Fraga , Iglesias Laura , Sá Marcus André Ferreira 
Published: May 2021

Atresia anal consiste em uma anormalidade congênita rara que ocorre em filhotes, sendo incompatível com a vida quando não tratada. Caracteriza-se pela persistência da membrana anal durante a formação embriológica, e pode ser classificada em quatro tipos (graus I, II, III e IV). No início, os sinais podem ser imperceptíveis devido à limpeza constante da mãe sobre os filhotes. O diagnóstico é realizado através de exames clínicos e complementares, como radiografia e ultrassonografia, em que se pode determinar o estágio da enfermidade. O prognóstico é variável, dependendo do grau da anomalia, da precocidade do diagnóstico e do estado geral do paciente. O presente artigo relata um caso de atresia anal grau IV, associada à fístula retovaginal em um cão da raça Poodle, fêmea, com 30 dias de vida. O animal foi submetido à intervenção cirúrgica para correção do defeito, onde obteve-se sucesso.
PENGARUH AUDITOR SWITCHING, LIKUIDITAS, LEVERAGE, DISCLOSURE DAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS TERHADAP KEMUNGKINAN PENERIMAAN OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN
Authors: Septiana Indri , Diana Patricia 
Published: May 2021

The objective of this study was to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of auditor switching, liquidity, leverage, disclosure and financial distress on the probability of going concern audit opinion. The object of this study is the mining companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013 – 2016.
Samples of this research were chosen by using purposive sampling and got 8 mining companies that matched the criteria. The criteria used for choosing the samples are listed on BEI as mining company during period 2013-2016, publish the annual report and audited financial statement in Rupiah, and has a net loss for two periods in a row. This research use regression logistic because the dependent variable measured by nominal scale. The result of this research showed that auditor switching, liquidity, leverage, disclosure and financial distress didn’t have effect to the probability of going concern audit opinion.
Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Nepal
Authors: Rajbhandari Pravesh , Rajbhandari Saujanya , Neupane Anish , Gurung Pritam 
Published: May 2021

Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and the number one cause of dependency in the world. Endovascular therapy has emerged as promising treatment strategy in the patient with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in anterior circulation. Moreover, the time window for mechanical thrombectomy have also been expanded based on the recent DAWN and DEFUSE-3 trial. It is evident that this trend could dramatically increase the number of potential patients for the treatment. Moreover, advancement in stroke imaging have guided physicians to make wisest decision in identifying suitable patient who can get benefit from the recent treatment strategies. The stroke management is evolving and continues to improve, making better outcome of the patient possible. In context of our country Nepal, it is also necessary to educate and aware medical staffs including physicians, nurses, laboratory/ radiology personnel to design a proper acute stroke team to deliver successful therapy which will eventually make a sound impact in a large number of patients with stroke.
Herein, we report a case of a 69-year-old gentleman who presented with right middle cerebral artery territory infarction within 3hours of onset of symptoms and underwent mechanical thrombectomy as a part of the treatment.
Trend and Economic Implications of Implant Selection in the Treatment of Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: A Review of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Database From 2007 to 2017
Authors: Smith Lauren , Albersheim Melissa , Blaschke Breanna L. , Parikh Harsh R. , Solfelt David A. , Van Heest Ann E. , Cunningham Brian P. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Intertrochanteric (IT) fractures are estimated to burden the healthcare system six billion dollars annually. Previous studies have documented a trend of early-career orthopaedic surgeons favoring intramedullary nails (IMNs) for these fractures, despite multiple randomized controlled trials demonstrating no evidence for improved patient outcomes when compared with sliding hip screws (SHSs). The purpose of this study was to report the trend of implant utilization for IT fracture fixation from 2007 to 2017.

Methods:
The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II (oral) database was used to identify IT fractures (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, code 820.21 or 820.31, and 10th revision, code S72.14) over a 10-year period (2007 to 2017). The cases were categorized by IMN or SHS fixation by surgeon-reported Current Procedural Terminology codes. Utilization of the devices was analyzed according to year, and the implants were compared for outcomes, complications, and cost.

Results:
As of 2017, 92.4% of IT fractures were being fixed through IMN, representing a 49.1% increase in the number of IMN devices used during the course of this study. SHS had significantly lower medical complication rate (21.3%) and readmittance rate (4.0%) compared with the IMN (medical complication: 26.9%; P < 0.01) (readmittance rate: 5.4%; P = 0.02). SHS also had significantly lower rates of anemia (5.2%) and patient expiration (4.8%) compared with IMN (anemia: 10.2%; P < 0.01) (patient expiration: 6.1%; P = 0.01). Overall surgical complication rates, reoperative rates, and anesthetic complications did not differ between constructs. A cost differential of $671,812 was found from the 2007-projected distribution, which rose to $3,911,211.00 across the entire 11-year duration of the study for the population.

Discussion:
Early-career orthopaedic surgeons continue to use a more expensive implant for IT fractures despite limited evidence for improved outcomes.

Level of evidence:
Level III; Retrospective Cohort Study
Comparison of Patient Demographics and Patient-Related Risk Factors for Infections After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty for Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Ciminero Matthew L. , Golub Ivan J. , Mannino Angelo , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Cannada Lisa K. , Kang Kevin K. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
In the proper age group, there is evidence that total hip arthroplasty (THA) has superior outcomes for the treatment of acetabular fractures compared with open reduction and internal fixation. Studies comparing patient demographics and identifying risk factors for either surgical site infections (SSIs) or periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (1) compare baseline demographics of patients who did and did not develop infections and (2) identify risk factors associated with developing either SSIs or PJIs.

Methods:
A retrospective study from 2005 to 2014 was done using a nationwide claims database. The inclusion criteria consisted of patients sustaining an acetabular fracture and treated with THA who developed either SSIs or PJIs within 90 days or 2 years, respectively, whereas patients not developing infections served as control subjects. The final study yielded 13,059 patients within the study (n = 988) and control cohort (n = 12,071). Baseline demographics were compared. A multivariate regression model calculated the odds ratio (OR) associated with development of infections. P value less than 0.002 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The study demonstrated significant differences among the cohorts regarding baseline demographics. The greatest risk factors for SSIs within 90 days were morbid obesity (OR: 1.84, P < 0.0001), pathologic weight loss (OR: 1.64, P < 0.0001), and iron deficiency anemia (OR: 1.59, P = 0.001). An increased risk of PJIs was associated with iron deficiency anemia (OR: 1.97, P < 0.0001), pathologic weight loss (OR: 1.72, P < 0.0001), and morbid obesity (OR: 1.70, P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
This study found notable differences between baseline demographics of the cohorts and a myriad of risk factors associated with developing infections after THA for acetabular fractures. This study provides insight into orthopaedic surgeons and other healthcare professionals on the need of properly educating these high-risk patients of the potential consequences which they may encounter after their procedure.

Level of evidence:
Level III
Formación Profesional Dual: evolución de red de actores en Twitter
Authors: Barroso-Hurtado Domingo , Arroyo-Machado Wenceslao , Torres-Salinas Daniel 
Published: May 2021

La Formación Profesional Dual se introdujo en España en el año 2012 como una de las medidas encaminadas a combatir el elevado desempleo juvenil. Su proceso de desarrollo e implementación se encuentra marcado por la variación autonómica y por la participación de una amplia gama de actores. La evolución de las relaciones entre actores en el ámbito de la FP Dual, sin embargo, todavía no ha sido explorada en España desde el análisis de redes, considerado una perspectiva incipiente y de creciente uso en el ámbito de la investigación educativa internacional. Desde una óptica del análisis de redes sociales, este artículo explora la evolución temporal de la actividad y la conformación de la red de actores que debaten en Twitter sobre la #fpdual durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2011 y 2019. Los resultados alcanzados han permitido trazar los períodos relativos a la fase inicial, la rápida expansión y la consolidación de la actividad en el debate. Estos períodos muestran diferentes tendencias en la incorporación de actores en el debate, que van desde una mayor prominencia de actores individuales educativos a una proliferación de los ámbitos y el nivel a los que estos pertenecen. Destaca el caso de las empresas y, especialmente, el de las fundaciones, que copan un lugar central en la red, tanto en términos de producción como de atención recibida. Estos hallazgos pueden tener implicaciones significativas a la hora de trazar futuras líneas de investigación en relación con la gobernanza del subsistema de Formación Profesional Dual en España.
Ecologías de aprendizaje y motivación del profesorado universitario de Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Estévez Iris , Souto-Seijo Alba , González-Sanmamed Mercedes , Valle Antonio 
Published: May 2021

El presente trabajo pretende profundizar en el estudio de uno de loscomponentes clave que conforman la Dimensión Personal de las Ecologíasde Aprendizaje de los docentes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud: lamotivación para la enseñanza. Este es un tópico escasamente explorado en elámbito de la Educación Superior, a pesar de que constituye un elemento queinfluye poderosamente en la calidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Enconsecuencia, desde una perspectiva centrada en la persona, el objetivo de esteestudio gira en torno a la identificación de perfiles motivacionales docentesa partir de la combinación de dos orientaciones motivacionales (motivacióncentrada en el rendimiento y motivación orientada hacia el dominio). Lametodología empleada ha sido de corte cuantitativo mediante encuesta, através de un diseño exploratorio. La muestra está compuesta por 416 docentesuniversitarios de Ciencias de la Salud, pertenecientes a 37 universidadesespañolas. Por medio de la técnica de Análisis de Clases Latentes, se identificaron tres perfiles motivacionales docentes: a) Perfil Motivado; b) Perfil Moderadamente Motivado; y C) Perfil Desmotivado. En el primero de ellos se agrupan aquellos docentes que muestran niveles altos de motivación orientada hacia el dominio y niveles moderados de motivación orientada hacia el rendimiento. Este perfil está compuesto por más de la mitad del total de la muestra. El segundo perfil se identifica con el profesorado que presenta niveles motivacionales moderadamente altos, aunque a diferencia del primero, predominan los motivos vinculados al rendimiento. Finalmente, el tercer grupo, integra a los docentes que muestran niveles muy bajos en ambas orientaciones motivacionales. Estos resultados retratan un panorama halagüeño, aunque potencialmente perfectible.Las implicaciones de este estudio se orientan al diseño y generación de itinerarios formativos más ajustados a las necesidades y características del profesorado al que se dirigen.
Changes to Sail Aerodynamics in the IMS Rule
Authors: Teeters Jim , Ranzenbach Robert , Prince Martyn 
Published: May 2021

US Sailing, the Offshore Racing Council (ORC), the Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel (GLMWT), Quantum Sail Design Group (QSDG), the Wolfson Unit and North Sails have collaborated on a series of wind tunnel test programs to investigate the performance of both upwind and offwind sails. These programs were initiated in response to perceived inequities in the ratings of boats of various rig designs sailing under the International Measurement System (IMS).
Observations of on-the-water performance have lead to the conclusion that there are biases within the rule with respect to rig planform design. Specifically, it has been concluded that large spinnakers are penalized so that a fractional rig, with its small spinnaker, is favored when sailing offwind, that there are un-rated benefits to a masthead rig upwind, and that there are errors in the relative handicapping of overlapping and non-overlapping jibs. The IMS Rule uses a Velocity Prediction Program (VPP) in which sail forces are represented by algorithms that are based on a combination of science and reverse engineering from the measured sailing performance of real boats. The results of investigations at both GLMWT and Wolfson have been used to modify this IMS aerodynamic model, thereby reducing the pre-existing biases.