bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in biofilm formation of Salmonella serovars on two surfaces under two temperature conditions
Authors: Obe Tomi , Richards Amber K. , Shariat Nikki W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Aims
Salmonella is extremely diverse, with &gt;2500 serovars that are genetically and phenotypically diverse. The aim of this study was to build a collection of Salmonella isolates that are genetically diverse and to evaluate their ability to form biofilm under different conditions relevant to a processing environment.

Methods and Results
Twenty Salmonella isolates representative of 10 serovars were subtyped using Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-typing to assess the genetic diversity between isolates of each serovar. Biofilm formation of the isolates on both plastic and stainless-steel surfaces at 25 and 15°C was assessed. At 25°C, 8/20 isolates each produced strong and moderate biofilm on plastic surface compared to stainless-steel (3/20 and 13/20 respectively). At 15°C, 5/20 produced strong biofilm on plastic surface and none on stainless-steel. Several isolates produced weak biofilm on plastic (11/20) and stainless-steel (16/20) surfaces. Serovar Schwarzengrund consistently produced strong biofilm while serovars Heidelberg and Newport produced weak biofilm.

Conclusion
These results suggest that Salmonellae differ in their attachment depending on the surface and temperature conditions encountered, which may influence persistence in the processing environment.

Significance and Impact of Study
These differences in biofilm formation could provide useful information for mitigation of Salmonella in processing environments.
Water kefir: Factors affecting grain growth and health-promoting properties of the fermented beverage
Authors: Pendón María Dolores , Bengoa Ana Agustina , Iraporda Carolina , Medrano Micaela , Garrote Graciela L. , Abraham Analía G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the consumption of healthy foods has increased as well as the homemade preparation of artisanal fermented product. Water kefir is an ancient drink of uncertain origin, which has been passed down from generation to generation and is currently consumed practically all over the world. Considering the recent and extensive updates published on sugary kefir, this work aims to shed light on the scientific works that have been published so far in relation to this complex ecosystem. We focused our review evaluating the factors that affect the beverage microbial and chemical composition that are responsible for the health attribute of water kefir as well as the grain growth. The microbial ecosystem that constitutes the grains and the fermented consumed beverage can vary according to the fermentation conditions (time and temperature) and especially with the use of different substrates (source of sugars, additives as fruits and molasses). In this sense, the populations of microorganisms in the beverage as well as the metabolites that they produce varies and in consequence their health properties. Otherwise, the knowledge of the variables affecting grain growth are also discussed for its relevance in maintenance of the starter biomass as well as the use of dextran for technological application.
New constraints on the tectonometamorphic evolution of the Erzgebirge orogenic wedge (Saxothuringian Domain, Bohemian Massif)
Authors: Jouvent Marine , Lexa Ondrej , Peřestý Vít , Jeřábek Petr 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn contrast to well‐documented (U)HP rocks of the Erzgebirge crystalline complex (Saxothuringian Domain, Bohemian Massif), the surrounding medium‐ to low‐grade metasediments are scarcely studied, although they provide an important link between deep subduction and mid‐crustal processes. To constrain the Variscan evolution from continental subduction to orogenic wedge, the transition from the low‐grade phyllites to the footwall medium‐grade micaschists was investigated. We used thermodynamic modelling to constrain the P‐T conditions of four deformation fabrics (D1–D4) identified by the structural analysis. The studied area was first affected by the M1‐D1 event characterized by HP‐LT minerals (garnet, chloritoid, phengite, paragonite, and rutile) defining the S1 foliation. The calculated peak P‐T conditions for M1 increase from 13 kbar and 520°C in phyllites to 25 kbar and 560°C in micaschists. The corresponding apparent geothermal gradient 6–11°C/km is typical for a subduction environment. The M2‐D2 event corresponds to deformation and metamorphic overprint of the previous fabric during partial decompression. The M3‐D3 event is mainly developed in micaschists, and the M3 overprint intensifies towards the footwall. It is accompanied by a subhorizontal S3 cleavage characterized by MP‐MT assemblage containing biotite, staurolite and ilmenite. The inferred peak P‐T conditions for M3 are 5–9 kbar and 595°C representing a barrovian‐type geothermal gradient from 17–30°C/km. Finally, all metamorphic fabrics were heterogeneously affected by the low‐grade M4‐D4 upright folding. The D1‐D2 events are interpreted to record the growth and evolution of the Saxothuringian orogenic wedge while its present‐day architecture resulted from significant vertical shortening D3 associated with barrovian type M3‐metamorphism. This stage corresponds to the ductile thinning of the wedge. A new model is proposed, in which the Erzgebirge part of the Saxothuringian Domain reveals a spectacular example of active margin evolution characterized by (i) formation of accretionary prism, (ii) building of the orogenic wedge by accretion of subducted continental crust, and (iii) its extensional collapse.
Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) measurements in pituitary portal blood: A history
Authors: Moenter Suzanne M. , Evans Neil P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMuch about the neuroendocrine control of reproduction is inferred from changes in the episodic release of luteinizing hormone (LH), as measured in samples of peripheral blood. This, however, assumes that LH precisely mirrors gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus. Because GnRH is not measurable in peripheral blood, characterization of the relationship between these two hormones required the simultaneous measurement of GnRH and LH in pituitary portal and peripheral blood, respectively. Here, we review the history of why and how portal blood collection was developed, the aspects of the true output of the central component of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis that this methodology helped clarify, and conditions under which the pituitary fails to serve as an adequate bioassay for the release pattern of GnRH.
Duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms with unexpectedly aggressive behaviour: Challenging the “watch and wait” approach
Authors: Ratnayake Gowri M. , Srirajaskanthan Raj , Luong TuVinh , Gnanasegaran Gopinath , Toumpanakis Christos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe incidence of duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms has risen over the past decades as a result of the wide availability of endoscopy and associated expertise. Although it is considered that tumour size greater than 10 mm, higher tumour grade and/or location in relation to the ampulla of Vater represent the main risk factors for local or distant metastases, we describe two cases of well differentiated grade 1 and grade 2 neuroendocrine tumours, which measured < 10 mm at the time of diagnosis but had an aggressive course during follow‐up. Furthermore, we also summarise the available therapeutic strategies for the management of small, low grade, non‐functioning, non‐ampullary duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Internal structure and validity of the bedside oral examination tool in patients with brain injury at neurorehabilitation setting
Authors: Kothari Simple F. , Nascimento Gustavo G. , De Caxias Fernanda P. , Jakobsen Mille B. , Nielsen Jørgen F. , Kothari Mohit 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the internal structure and validity of the ‘bedside oral examination’ (BOE) instrument in individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI).MethodsNinety ABI individuals were examined using BOE in their first week of neurorehabilitation. BOE measures oral health within eight categories including: swallow, tongue, odour, teeth, lips, saliva, mucosa and gingiva. To assess the validity of BOE, full‐mouth clinical examination (gold standard) was performed. The internal structure of BOE was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. To measure the validity, the BOE scores were dichotomised into excellent oral health and altered oral health. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the six/eight BOE items were compared with their related clinical oral examination tool.ResultsOverall, the patients had poor oral health irrespective of the oral examination tool used. Factor analyses indicated two factors within BOE: ‘oral hygiene’ (teeth, gingiva and mucosa) and ‘orofacial health’ (lips, swallow and saliva). BOE tongue and odour items loaded in neither factor. BOE items showed low validity since the highest area under the ROC curve was 0.60. Findings on the sensitivity value ranged from 35.0 to 74.2, while specificity from 44.4 to 83.3, depending on the item evaluated.ConclusionBedside oral examination does not seem to be an ideal ‘single’ outcome tool in a neurorehabilitation setting as it lacks validity. BOE evaluates oral health as two independent but correlated components and treat them separately indicating precision treatment depending on their oral health dysfunction. It is advisable to use BOE as a screening tool. However, it should be complimented by proper clinical examination before establishing a treatment plan for oral health in patients with ABI.
Children who have more toothache‐related behaviors have worse masticatory performance
Authors: Souto‐Souza Debora , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia , Oliveira Túlio Fernandes , Soares Maria Eliza da Consolação , Primo‐Miranda Ednele Fabyene , Pereira Luciano José , Ramos‐Jorge Joana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInadequate masticatory function can be linked to oral problems and result in functional limitation. In children, this function is extremely important for their development, and therefore efforts are made to keep it adequate. To evaluate whether dental pain‐related behaviors are associated with masticatory performance (MP). A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 123 children from 3 to 5 years old. Toothache was evaluated using the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire. Anthropometric data, predominant type of breathing, presence of malocclusion, number of posterior teeth cavitated by dental caries, and masticatory units were collected. MP was measured by the median size of the crushed particles (X50) after 20 cycles of chewing the Optocal test material and was calculated with the Rosin–Rammler equation. Data analysis involved a description of variable frequencies, as well as simple and multiple linear regression, and a confidence level set at 95%. The mean scores of dental pain‐related behaviors were 1.14 (±1.90) points, and the mean X50 value was 3.96 mm (±1.34). In the multiple linear regression, a larger median size of the particles remained associated with a higher score of dental pain‐related behaviors (β = +.81, p = .01); mouth breathing (β = +.22, p = .01); and a smaller number of masticatory units (β = −.22, p = .02). Greater dental pain‐related behavior scores are associated with worse MP, regardless of the presence of associations with predominantly oral breathing and fewer chewing units.
Antimicrobial effect of radiant catalytic ionization
Authors: Skowron K. , Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N. , Grudelwska-Buda K. , Zacharski M. , Paluszak Z. , Gospodarek-Komkowska E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of micro-organisms elimination from the air and surfaces is to ensure microbiological safety in health care facilities or food production plants. Currently, many disinfection methods are used, both physical, chemical and, increasingly, biological. Scientists seek new solutions with high antimicrobial effectiveness (especially against the drug-resistant strains of bacteria), low production and operating costs, and, above all, the safety of patients and food consumers. The limitation of the methods used so far is primarily the micro-organisms acquire the resistance, mainly to antimicrobial agents. One of the new and alternative methods of disinfection is radiant catalytic ionization (RCI). RCI is an active method of air and surface purification. The technology proved high efficiency against viruses, Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, and fungi, both in the air and on surfaces (planktonic forms and biofilm). RCI has many advantages as well as some minor limitations. This overview summarizes the current knowledge about RCI technology.
Trends in the Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection based on the Insurance Status in the United States from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Kim Donghee , Cholankeril George , Dennis Brittany B. , Alshuwaykh Omar , Kumari Radhika , Wong Robert J. , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsWith the recent improvement in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a better understanding of the infection burden is needed. We aimed to (a) estimate the trends in the national prevalence of HCV infection based on the type of health insurance coverage and (b) identify at‐risk populations for HCV infection in the United States (US) general population.MethodsPopulation‐based analyses using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013‐2018) were performed with a focus on HCV infection. We analysed the prevalence of HCV infection based on the health insurance status before the direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) era (2013‐2014) and during the DAA era (2015‐2018).ResultsThe age‐adjusted prevalence of active HCV infection (HCV RNA [+]) was 0.92% (95% confidence interval, 0.71%‐1.19%) in the US non‐institutionalized civilian population. Although the prevalence of active HCV infection has remained stable, the prevalence of resolved HCV infection has increased after the introduction of DAA. In terms of health insurance coverage, the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased, and the prevalence of resolved HCV infection increased among individuals who had health insurance, especially private health insurance. The independent risk factors of active HCV infection were 40‐69 years group, male, less than high school education, unmarried, below poverty status, being born in the US, history of blood transfusion and not having private health insurance.ConclusionThe burden of active HCV infection has decreased among individuals who had health insurance, especially private health insurance, during the DAA era.
Inference in Misspecified GARCH‐M Models*
Authors: Smallwood Aaron D. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe manuscript studies testing methods in systems with relationships between observed variables and conditional variances drawn from popular multivariate GARCH models. Although these methods have been extensively used to study the effects of uncertainty proxied by GARCH variables, inferential results are absent under misspecification or when using multi‐step estimators. Concentrating on test statistics for the hypothesis of no uncertainty impact, extensive Monte Carlo evidence is presented. Results show that severe size distortion and low power can occur when using two‐step procedures unless existing heteroskedasticity is modelled at every stage. In contrast, under moderate unconditional residual cross‐correlation, joint estimation of all model parameters yields test statistics with impressive relative power. In terms of misspecification, the consequences of ignoring asymmetries in the conditional variance matrix are shown to be potentially severe. Otherwise, estimation of DCC and diagonal BEKK models may be preferred relative to extended DCC and full BEKK counterparts, even under weak negative volatility spillovers. Issues are highlighted with an analysis of the relationships between production growth, inflation and their volatilities.
Validation of a 3D methodology for the evaluation and follow‐up of secondary alveolar bone grafting in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients
Authors: Shaheen Eman , Danneels Margaux , Doucet Kaat , Dormaar Titiaan , Verdonck Anna , Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula Maria , Willems Guy , Politis Constantinus , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to propose and validate a method for three‐dimensional (3D) quantitative assessment of secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) and its stability in time for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).Settings and sample populationTen non‐syndromic UCLP patients (9 males and 1 female with a mean age of 9.5 ± 0.9 years) undergoing SABG with good quality preoperative, immediate postoperative (6 weeks) and 6 months postoperative Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were selected.Materials and MethodsThe preoperative and 6 months postoperative scans were registered onto the immediate postoperative scan. The bone‐grafted region was defined on the immediate postoperative scan and refined on the registered preoperative scan resulting in a 3D volume. The residual bone graft was calculated by applying threshold based segmentation on the registered 6 months postoperative scan within the segmented bone graft volume of the previous step. Inter and intra observer tests using intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied comparing the volumes of the 3D models.ResultsAn excellent reliability was found for inter and intra observers with ICC ≥ 0.95.ConclusionsThe presented method proved to be reliable for volumetric assessment of the alveolar bone graft in UCLP patients, as well as to assess the percentage of bone resorption during follow‐up.
Serum and salivary cytokines in patients with oral lichen planus treated with Photobiomodulation
Authors: Abboud Clery Saad , Brandão Eloíza Helena da Silva , Cunha Karen Roberta Lopes , de Sousa Brito Kaline , Gallo Camila de Barros , Molon Angela Cristina , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Franco Adriana Santos Lino , Thongprasom Kobkan , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the serum and salivary levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17A, TNF‐α, IL‐4, and IL‐10 in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) treated with Photobiomodulation (PBM) and clobetasol propionate 0.05%.Material and MethodsThirty‐four OLP patients were randomized into two groups: Control (clobetasol propionate 0.05%) and PBM (660 nm, 100 mW, 177 J/cm2, 5 s, 0.5 J per point). Serum and saliva were collected at baseline and at the end of treatment (after 30 days) and evaluated using ELISA. The cytokine results were correlated with pain, clinical subtypes, and clinical scores of OLP.ResultsIL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17A, TNF‐α, and IL‐4 levels were higher in saliva in relation to serum. IL‐1β was the most concentrated cytokine in saliva, and a positive correlation with the severity of OLP was noticed. After treatment with corticosteroid, IL‐1β in saliva decreased significantly. No modulation of all cytokines was observed after PBM.ConclusionIL‐1β appears to be an important cytokine involved in OLP pathogenesis. In addition, the mechanisms of action of PBM do not seem to be linked to the modulation of pro or anti‐inflammatory cytokines at the end of treatment. It is possible that this events occurred early during treatment.
Overexpression of circCDR1as drives oral squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Cui Lingling , Huang Chao , Zhou Dun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) mediate the progression of human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the functions of circRNA CDR1 Antisense RNA (circCDR1as) in OSCC. Moreover, the relationships among circCDR1as, microRNA‐876‐5p (miR‐876‐5p) and Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11) in OSCC development were explored.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was conducted to determine the expression of circCDR1as, miR‐876‐5p, and SLC7A11. Cell Counting kit‐8 assay, cell colony formation assay, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EDU) assay were used to assess cell proliferation. Transwell assay was adopted for cell migration and invasion.ResultsCircCDR1as level was aberrantly elevated in OSCC tissues and cells. Overexpression of circCDR1as promoted autophagy, cell cycle, proliferation, and metastasis and repressed apoptosis in OSCC cells. CircCDR1as directly targeted miR‐876‐5p and miR‐876‐5p interacted with SLC7A11. MiR‐876‐5p overexpression reversed the effects of circCDR1as elevation on OSCC cell autophagy, cell cycle, growth, motility, and apoptosis. Inhibition of miR‐876‐5p aggravated the malignant behaviors of OSCC cells, while SLC7A11 silencing ameliorated the impacts. In addition, circCDR1as knockdown blocked tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionCircCDR1as acted as an oncogene in OSCC progression through elevating SLC7A11 by targeting miR‐876‐5p.
Experience using donor human milk: A single‐center cohort study in Japan
Authors: Oikawa Kosuke , Nakano Yuya , Miyazawa Tokuo , Hasebe Yoshiyuki , Kuwabara Haruhiro , Terada Tomomasa , Sugishita Yumiko , Ebata Akio , Takase Mariko , Ochiai Hirotaka , Kokaze Akatsuki , Mizuno Katsumi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDonor human milk (DHM) became available in Japan when the first human milk bank was established in 2017. This study investigated the effects of DHM on enteral nutrition (EN) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in the single center in Japan.MethodsSeventy‐six VLBW infants hospitalized between April 2017 and March 2020 at Showa University Hospital were included in the study. We retrospectively evaluated age (hours) at which EN was initiated and age (days) until complete feeding (EN > 100 mL/kg/day) was achieved. We compared the DHM and non‐DHM groups, or the early human milk (EHM) and non‐EHM groups. The EHM group was defined as those in which EN was initiated with the mother’s own milk or DHM within 12 h of birth.ResultsIn 30 extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, EN was initiated at significantly earlier postnatal hours in the DHM group compared to those in the non‐DHM group. Complete feeding was achieved at significantly earlier ages in the EHM group after adjusting for gastrointestinal complications and gestational age. Additionally, the changes in body weight z‐scores from birth to term‐equivalent age were significantly greater in the EHM group after adjusting for exclusive breastfeeding and small for gestational age, compared to the non‐EHM group. Statistical significance was not noted in 46 subjects (birth weight, 1000–1500 g).ConclusionThe use of DHM may contribute to earlier initiation and achievement of EN, resulting in greater early postnatal growth in ELBW infants in Japan.
Should unemployment insurance be centralized in a state union? Unearthing a principle of efficient federation building*
Authors: Fenge Robert , Friese Max 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOur study compares the efficiency of unemployment insurance programs in a state union. A centralized insurance will pool the cost of unemployment; this results in a collective bargaining in the member states, which leads to excessively high wages and inefficient insurance. Those high wages attract workers who reduce the outsourced economic cost of unemployment. Only with perfect mobility, this opposing migration effect completely outweighs the pooling effect, and the insurance is no longer inefficient when centralized. Furthermore, we conclude that a principle of efficient federal systems might be that fiscally linked economic policies and institutions should be governed on the same federative level.