bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive failure analysis of slope water damage based on improved Green-Ampt infiltration model
Authors: Chen Bin , Ren Qingyang , Wang Feifei , Zhang Renkun , Liu Beilei , Jia Yanping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to get the law of rainwater infiltration and the law of progressive water damage, the slope of Tianshang bridge foundation in Yunnan Province is taken as the engineering basis. The site investigation of the damaged slope is carried out, The traditional Green-Ampt model is improved by considering the ponding effect of dynamic water flow on the slope surface. Based on the variation characteristics of wetting front obtained by the improved infiltration model, the progressive failure process of slope with continuous infiltration is simulated by FLAC3D software. The results show that: the water damage of Tianshang bridge slope is mainly caused by the slope absorbing a lot of rainwater in a short time, which has obvious time discontinuity characteristics in time, and shows obvious multi-layer progressive failure characteristics in failure space. The wetting front characteristics obtained by the improved Green-Ampt infiltration model are more consistent with the engineering practice, the water accumulation effect of surface water gradually weakens with the increase of the wet front depth. the slope failure develops gradually from the toe to the top and from shallow to deep, and the intermittent failure characteristics provide surplus time for the engineering treatment, the gravel soil slope should be treated after a small-scale water damage occurs.
Role of family functioning and health-related quality of life in pre-school children with dental caries. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bilal Sobia , Abdulla Anshad Mohamed , Andiesta Niekla Survia , Babar Muneer Gohar , Heng Allan Pau Kah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to extend the earlier researches and to evaluate the effect of family functioning on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and caries status in a sample of 4-to 6-year-old Chinese pre-school children in Malaysia.
Methodology:
This study was approved by the institutional Joint Research and Ethics Committee, International Medical University, Malaysia (number 373/2016); consisted of 180 eligible pre-school children from a private school. Study tools included demographic, clinical oral health data form, the ECOHIS (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale) and family functioning − 12-item general functioning subscale (GF-12). Written consent was sought prior to data collection. Data were analysed by SPSS v.22.0; descriptive statistics for socio-demographic details, clinical information, HRQoL and FAD scores. The parametric tests included independent sample t-test and ANOVA to evaluate the associations between the dependent variable. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess the impacts on OHRQoL (P value < 0.05).
Results
A response rate of 80.5% was achieved. Sample means for FAD-GF12 items fell in the nonclinical range score < 2, indicating normal family functioning. The ECOHIS scores mean was 0.52 (SD = 0.68). The highest score of impacts reported was 20 on the children impact section (CIS) and 12 on family impact section (FIS). It was observed that children with dental caries had a significant (P = 0.014) negative impact on OHRQoL (mean 0.72, SD = 0.50) as compared to children with no caries (mean 0.34 SD = 0.39). The bivariate regression analysis showed that family functioning and dental caries status were associated with the outcome. The odds suggested, children with Poor family functioning were six times more likely to have poor OHRQoL as compared to those with good family functioning. After adjusting it with family functioning, the odds were decreased (3.17) suggesting that poor family functioning can lower the OHRQoL.
Conclusion
Findings of this study indicates the policy makers to consider including a potentially important variable of family functioning in caries preventive educational healthcare programmes. This would aid in assessing and improving family functioning which in turns effects the quality of life.
Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity of Proanthocyanidins From Cinnamomum Camphora
Authors: Yang Haibo , Xu Pingluo , Song Wei , Zhai Xiaoqiao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the contents of total phenols (TP) and proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the leaves and branches of Cinnamomum camphora were investigated, and isolated PAs were determined using reversed-phase HPLC-ESI-MS. The anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Furthermore, the scanning study and L-DOPA oxidation were performed to further analyzed the inhibition mechanism of PAs on tyrosinase catalytic activity. PAs had strong inhibitory effects on tyrosinase monophenolase activity, with effectively prolonged the delay time and decreased the steady-state of monophenolase activity. For diphenolase activity, the PAs both showed reversible and mixed inhibition. Moreover, the PAs showed strong antioxidant activities in scavenging 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 1,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The PAs in leaves showed stronger anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that C. camphora may be a good resource for tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants. This study could provide a scientific basis for the resource utilization of C. camphora and the development of new natural tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants in medical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries.
Effect of Synthesis and Sintering Temperatures on K0.5Na0.5NbO3&nbsp;Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics By Microwave Heating
Authors: Lagunas Anggel , Navarro-Rojero Maria Guadalupe , Salvador Maria Dolores , Catalá Jose Manuel , Borrell Amparo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Powders of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were successfully synthesized via conventional and microwave-assisted heating. A single-mode microwave equipment was used to perform the synthesis following the mixed oxide route and then sintering at different temperatures. The synthesized powders obtained and then sintered by microwave and conventional methods were evaluated by thermogravimetry analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Microwave synthesis processing for 10 minutes at 650 ºC using a heating rate of 30 ºC/min promotes the formation of 2 K0.5Na0.5NbO3 nanoparticles. Perovskite structure formed during calcination shows the coexistence of tetragonal-orthorhombic geometry according to XRD patterns. The microwave-obtained particles are consistent with the theoretical stoichiometry. Particle size increases as the reaction temperature is increased from 650 ºC to 800 ºC. An intermediate phase (K,Na)2Nb4O11 is formed in the entire range of synthesis temperatures studied. The samples obtained by microwave sintering show a structure similar to the samples sintered by the conventional method. However, the porosity observed in the microstructure of the microwave-sintered piezoelectric materials affects the density of the material, and these defects cause a decrease in the dielectric values.
Climate Variations, Culture, and Economic Behaviors by Chinese Households
Authors: Zhang Dayong , Li Jun , Ji Qiang , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Societies adapt to climate variation and develop unique cultures that lead to distinctive economic behaviors across different regions. To estimate the climate-economic link and test the hypothetical role of culture, this paper uses a nationwide survey at the household level in China, together with historical temperature data at the prefectural city level for empirical analysis. The results show the significant role of local climate variation on consumption, savings, and investment decisions by households. Harsh weather conditions are associated with lower consumption, lower income, and higher savings. It is also associated with a lower probability of purchasing risky financial assets. Using a sample of migrating families, we find strong evidence that culture is an important channel in the climate-economic relationship. Additional support for this view is found through the ‘catching up with the Joneses’ effect documented in the economics literature. Overall, this research provides an alternative perspective for understanding the long-run behavioral impact of climate change.
Yunpi-Huoxue-Sanjie Formula Alleviates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inducing Autophagy
Authors: Zhang Xin , Guan Jia-Qi , You Li-Yan , Mao Zhu-Jun , Qin Lu-Ping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Yunpi-Huoxue-Sanjie (YP-SJ) formula is a Chinese herbal formula with unique advantages for the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of YP-SJ formula in regulating myocardial autophagy. To determine whether YP-SJ formula can be used as an adjuvant therapy for DCM, its therapeutic effects and mechanism in myocardial injury caused by type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats were determined. Methods: A high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection was used to induce DCM in rats. Biochemical reagents were used to analyze blood glucose levels, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determined insulin levels, echocardiography assessed cardiac structure and function, histopathology was used to detect myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, myocardial autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins. Results: After treatment with YP-SJ formula, DCM rats’ metabolism was abnormal and myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction were significantly improved. In addition, compared with DCM, YP-SJ formula significantly increased the number of autophagosomes, the expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and autophagy related 12 (Atg12) ; the expression of phosphorylated FoxO1 and p62 was significantly decreased, and the level of myocardial autophagy was increased. Conclusions: YP-SJ formula can alleviate the myocardial damage caused by T2DM, and thus may serve as an alternative treatment for DCM.
Self-supervised Learning Method to Solve the Inverse Problem of Fokker-Planck Equation
Authors: Liu Wei , Kou Connie Khor Li , Park Kun Hee , Lee Hwee Kuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) has been used in many important applications to study stochastic processes with the evolution of the probability density function (pdf). Previous studies on FPE mainly focus on solving the forward problem which is to predict the time-evolution of the pdf from the underlying FPE terms. However, in many applications the FPE terms are usually unknown and roughly estimated, and solving the forward problem becomes more challenging. In this work, we take a different approach of starting with the observed pdfs to recover the FPE terms using a self-supervised machine learning method. This approach, known as the inverse problem, has the advantage of requiring minimal assumptions on the FPE terms and allows data-driven scientific discovery of unknown FPE mechanisms. Specifically, we propose an FPE-based neural network (FPE-NN) which directly incorporates the FPE terms as neural network weights. By training the network on observed pdfs, we recover the FPE terms. Additionally, to account for noise in real-world observations, FPE-NN is able to denoise the observed pdfs by training the pdfs alongside the network weights. Our experimental results on various forms of FPE show that FPE-NN can accurately recover FPE terms and denoising the pdf plays an essential role.
Determinants of Decision to Use and Continued Use of Online Shopping Medium: A Bivariate Probit Approach
Authors: Oke Timothy , Ramachandran T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Internet shopping has grown rapidly all over the world, Nigeria, inclusive owing to the associated benefits and growth in digital environment. Despite the benefits associated with online purchasing, the medium has not been widely used yet in Nigeria. This study was therefore, conducted to determinants factors influencing decision to use and continued use of online shopping medium in Nigeria. Data for the study were collected using self-constructed structured questionnaire administered to 210 respondents out of which data from 198 respondents were suitable for coding and analysis. Descriptive statistics and biprobit regression model were used for analysis. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and STATA version 12.0. Results of analysis showed that 106 respondents have used online purchasing medium while just 56 of them continued the use of online purchasing medium. Decision to use online purchasing medium was negatively influenced by age and positively influenced by online literacy while continued use was negatively influenced by perceived financial risk involved and positively influenced by perceived convenience, perceived privacy concern, year spent using the internet and amount spent on internet subscription monthly. The study concludes that socio-demographic factors, risk factors and web-based factors significantly influence decision to use and continued use of online purchasing medium in Nigeria.
Genetic Comparison of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Fusarium Oxysporum Endophytes from Vanilla sp. in Mexico
Authors: Rosa Felipe Roberto Flores-de la , Jiménez-Gasco María del Mar , Adame-García Jacel , Rivera-Fernández Andrés , Rodriguez Mauricio Luna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is an ubiquitous inhabitant of soils with an important role as an endophyte in several plant species, being a neutral, benefic or pathogenic endophyte. Neutral and pathogenic strains have been reported for vanilla crops (F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae), and a polyphyletic distribution of pathogenic strains has been demonstrated. However, there is no study of a molecular genetic comparison between both groups associated with vanilla. This study is aimed to evaluate if a genetic differentiation is possible between both groups. Different microsatellite regions were amplified and data were used for genetic and statistic comparisons between pathogenic and non-pathogenic endophytes. Further, the Sequence Type of TEF-gen was determined and a phylogeny was constructed. Also, SIX gene presence was evaluated using universal primers. Results show that, based on microsatellite data, a differentiation between the two groups is not possible, however, UPGMA and CA analysis suggest that the pathogenic group is a subgroup of the non-pathogenic group. Phylogeny confirms that the ability to infect vanilla is a polyphyletic trait, but comparison with UPGMA shows that some strains have a similar genotype by convergent evolution. A Bayesian approach suggests that strains can be divided into three genetic groups. For SIX genes, amplification was not possible, thus, we hypothesized three possible explanations. Genetic differentiation among pathogenic and non-pathogenic F. oxysporum endophytes from vanilla is not possible with microsatellite data, which corresponds with the Horizontal Gene Transference hypothesis. However, the SIX genes were no-detected in any pathogenic strain, three hypotheses are planted to explain this results.
Educational Value of YouTube Surgical Videos of Thulium Laser Enucleation of The Prostate (ThuLEP): The Quality Assessment
Authors: Yang Kunlin , Meng Yisen , Zhang Kai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: To assess the educational value of YouTube surgical videos of thulium laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP).Design: A comprehensive search of “ThuLEP” or “thulium laser enucleation of the prostate” was carried out on YouTube on October 31th, 2020. According to the LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS, we created a checklist to assess the educational value of these videos. The checklist included 20 options. Each option represented one point. The total score was the sum of all the points. The higher score represents the higher educational value.Results: A total of 70 videos were included. The average number of views were 1366 (range 11-30884). The mean video length was 16.59 mins (range 1.20-70.35 mins). Only 22.9% (16/70) videos had audio or/and written commentary in English language. Although 67.4% (47/70) videos were present step by step, only 21.4% (15/70) videos did the detailed explanation of critical steps. The mean score of the videos was 5.5 points (range 1-15). No videos met all the points of the checklist. The mean percentage conformity of the videos was 28% (rang 5%-75%). The educational score of the videos had no significant positive correlation with the number of views.Conclusion: The majority of ThuLEP videos on YouTube platform have a low educational value. Videos often lack important and detailed explanations about surgical procedure. These findings remind us that a global effort should be made to improve the educational value of YouTube surgical videos, and more reporting guidelines are still needed.
Antiangiogenic Antibody BD0801 Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Achieves Synergistic Antitumor Activity and Affects the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Xue Liting , Gao Xingyuan , Zhang Haoyu , Wang Qian , Li Feng , Li Xinxin , Yu Xiaohong , Lu Zhihong , Huang Yue , Tang Renhong , Yang Wenqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Instruments for Measuring Incidents Related to Patient Safety in the Context of Paediatric Intensive Care - Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Oliveira Helga , Marques Ricardo Rafael , Curado Maria Alice Santos , Gaspar Maria Filomena , Sousa Paulo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Patient safety is a fundamental principle of health care, but one of the biggest challenges currently faced and a serious public health problem, since the occurrence of adverse events is probably one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vulnerability of the paediatric population, combined with the potentially dangerous context of intensive care, makes Paediatric Intensive Care Units services of particular complexity in matters of safety, where there is a greater likelihood of incidents with serious consequences. It is agreed that research on the topic of PS should start with the measuring of different types of harm that exist in the contexts, to identify high-risk areas and define priorities. For this, it is necessary to resort to a multiplicity of valid, reliable and specific measurement instruments and to learn their advantages and limitations. Objectives: Identify and map in scientific literature the instruments for measuring incidents related to patient safety applicable in the context of paediatric intensive care.Methods: This review will cover studies and documents that refer to all measurement instruments used in the field of ​​patient safety in a context of paediatric intensive care. Published studies of a quantitative, qualitative or mixed nature and grey literature relevant to the topic will be included, in Portuguese, English or Spanish and produced since 2015. The sources of information include several databases and sources relevant to grey literature. The two authors will independently conduct the entire data selection process. The results of the research strategy will be presented in a PRISMA flowchart. The extracted data, after being organised in the extraction table, will be mapped in a descriptive and logical way, taking into account the defined review questions.Discussion: The mapping of the tools in these protocol will allow to summarize the most widely used instruments, to know their specificities and to guide researchers to use the most appropriate measurement tools for their context, specifically, in paediatric intensive care.Scoping Review Registration: This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/dashboard, DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/V435E.
Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Glycemic Status to Different Mode of High-Intensity Training in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sabouri Mostafa , Hatami Elaheh , Shabkhiz Fatemeh , Pournemati Parisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Exercise is considered to improve metabolic markers in type 2 diabetics Mellitus (T2DM). In this regard, we compared inflammatory, antioxidant, and glycemic status to a different mode of high-intensity interval training in patients with T2DM.Methods and Results: 59 T2DM patients (age= 45-60 yrs) were randomly divided to strength training (ST) (n=15), high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=16), HIIT+ST (n=15) or served as control (CON) (n=13) groups. Experimental groups performed three training sessions/week for 12 weeks. Blood biochemistry and anthropometric parameters were evaluated at baseline and after the 12 weeks of interventions.All training protocols ameliorated antioxidant factors (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities), lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL and, LDL,) and glycemic parameters. Moreover, interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly decreased in three training groups; however, these change was more pronounced in the ST+HIIT group. As a result of training, the overall concentration of inflammatory and antioxidant status was improved significantly in all three groups than the CON group and baseline values (P≤ 0.05). Moreover, non-substantial differences were found among groups on and measured glycemic variables. Conclusions: Our results showed improvement in inflammatory factors, antioxidants, and glycolytic indices in all groups regardless of their type. However, for more benefits in T2DM patients, combination exercises can be suggested.
Maternal Opinions on Breastfeeding, Introducing Solids, and Postpartum Weight Loss
Authors: Cauble Jennifer , Herman Amy , Daley Christine M , Hull Holly R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Early cessation of breastfeeding, inappropriate introduction of solids, and postpartum weight retention are associated with negative health outcomes for mother and infant. The purpose of this study was to understand timing of and factors that influence infant feeding decisions and barriers that women face when breastfeeding, introducing solids, and losing weight postpartum to inform future interventions.Methods: Eleven women who had recently delivered (infant age 3-10 months) were recruited from a Kansas City Metro pediatric office. All women were currently breastfeeding or had previous breastfeeding experience. Women completed a feeding survey and participated in a group interview to obtain information regarding breastfeeding, introducing solids, and postpartum weight loss. A content and text analysis were performed to summarize the data.Results: Predominant emerging themes were: (1) Inadequate knowledge for caring for self and infant (2) Desired knowledge from a Healthcare Provider (3) Feeding decisions were made before pregnancy and preparation took place in the second/third trimesters (4) Unmet breastfeeding goals (5) Clear guidelines on introducing solids are lacking (6) ) Those that achieve pre-pregnancy weight have a different body shape and weight distribution (7) and Lack of time and energy make postpartum weight loss hard. Conclusions: Overall, women do not feel they have adequate information to successfully breastfeed, introduce solids, or lose weight postpartum. They would like basic and practical information on both caring for and feeding themselves and their infant. They would like this information provided to them both during pregnancy and during well child visits.