bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
12-month results from the real-life observational treat-to-target and tight-control therapy NOR-Gout study: achievements of the urate target levels and predictors of obtaining this target
Authors: Uhlig Till , Karoliussen Lars F , Sexton Joseph , Borgen Tove , Haavardsholm Espen A , Kvien Tore K , Hammer Hilde Berner 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesGout is often not adequately treated, and we aimed to apply urate lowering treatment (ULT) combined with individual information to achieve target serum urate (sUA) in clinical practice, and to identify predictors of achievement of this sUA target.MethodsPatients with a recent gout flare and sUA >360 µmol/L (>6 mg/dL) were consecutively included in a single-centre study and managed with a treat-to-target approach combining nurse-led information about gout with ULT. All patients were assessed with tight controls at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months including clinical examination, information on demographics, lifestyle, self-efficacy and beliefs about medicines. The treatment target was sUA <360 µmol/L and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of target attainment with ORs and 95% CIs.ResultsOf 211 patients (mean age 56.4 years, disease duration 7.8 years, 95% males), 186 completed the 12-month study. Mean sUA levels decreased from baseline mean 500 to 311 µmol/L at 12 months with 85.5% achieving the treatment target. Alcohol consumption at least weekly versus less frequently (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.55) as well as beliefs in overuse of medicines (OR per unit 0.77; 95 CI 0.62 to 0.94) decreased the chance of reaching the treatment target, while higher self-efficacy for arthritis symptoms (OR 1.49 per 10 units; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.05) increased the likelihood.ConclusionsThis study shows that target sUA can be achieved with ULT in most patients. Less self-reported alcohol consumption, low beliefs in overuse of medicines and higher self-efficacy are associated with treatment success.
Ethnic inequalities in mental health and socioeconomic status among older women living with HIV: results from the PRIME Study
Authors: Solomon Danielle , Tariq Shema , Alldis Jon , Burns Fiona , Gilson Richard , Sabin Caroline , Sherr Lorraine , Pettit Fiona , Dhairyawan Rageshri 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesWomen living with HIV in the UK are an ethnically diverse group with significant psychosocial challenges. Increasing numbers are reaching older age. We describe psychological and socioeconomic factors among women with HIV in England aged 45–60 and explore associations with ethnicity.MethodsAnalysis of cross-sectional data on 724 women recruited to the PRIME Study. Psychological symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 and social isolation with a modified Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Scale.ResultsBlack African (BA) women were more likely than Black Caribbean or White British (WB) women to have a university education (48.3%, 27.0%, 25.7%, respectively, p<0.001), but were not more likely to be employed (68.4%, 61.4%, 65.2%, p=0.56) and were less likely to have enough money to meet their basic needs (56.4%, 63.0%, 82.9%, p<0.001). BA women were less likely to report being diagnosed with depression than WB women (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.40, p<0.001) but more likely to report current psychological distress (aOR 3.34, p<0.05).ConclusionsWe report high levels of poverty, psychological distress and social isolation in this ethnically diverse group of midlife women with HIV, especially among those who were BA. Despite being more likely to experience psychological distress, BA women were less likely to have been diagnosed with depression suggesting a possible inequity in access to mental health services. Holistic HIV care requires awareness of the psychosocial needs of older women living with HIV, which may be more pronounced in racially minoritised communities, and prompt referral for support including psychology, peer support and advice about benefits.
Programmatic mapping and size estimation of female sex workers, transgender sex workers and men who have sex with men in İstanbul and Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Gokengin Deniz , Aybek Georgetta , Aral Sevgi O , Blanchard James , Serter Demir , Emmanuel Faran 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesDespite a growing HIV threat, there is no definition and characterisation of key populations (KPs), who could be the major drivers of the epidemic in Turkey. We used programmatic mapping to identify locations where KPs congregate, estimate their numbers and understand their operational dynamics to develop appropriate HIV programme implementation strategies.MethodsFemale and transgender sex workers (FSWs and TGSWs), and men who have sex with men (MSM) were studied in İstanbul and Ankara. Within each district, hot spots were identified by interviewing key informants and a crude spot list in each district was developed. The spot validation process was led by KP members who facilitated spot access and interviews of KPs associated with that spot. Final estimates were derived by aggregating the estimated number of KPs at all spots, which was adjusted for the proportion of KPs who visit multiple spots, and for the proportion of KPs who do not visit spots.ResultsFSWs were the largest KP identified in İstanbul with an estimate of 30 447 (5.8/1000 women), followed by 15 780 TGSWs (2.9/1000 men) and 11 656 MSM (2.1/1000). The corresponding numbers in Ankara were 9945 FSWs (5.2/1000 women), 1770 TGSWs (1/1000 men) and 5018 MSM (2.5/1000 men). Each KP had unique typologies based on the way they find and interact with sex partners. MSM were mostly hidden and a higher proportion operated through internet and phone-based applications. Night time was the peak time with Friday, Saturday and Sunday being the peak days of activity in both İstanbul and Ankara.ConclusionsThis study has highlighted the presence of a substantial number of FSWs, TGSW and MSM in İstanbul and Ankara. The information obtained from this study can be used to set priorities for resource allocation and provide HIV prevention services where coverage could be the highest.
Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review
Authors: Kumar Navin , Janmohamed Kamila , Nyhan Kate , Forastiere Laura , Zhang Wei-Hong , Kågesten Anna , Uhlich Maximiliane , Sarpong Frimpong Afia , Van de Velde Sarah , Francis Joel M , Erausquin Jennifer Toller , Larrson Elin , Callander Deton , Scott John , Minichiello Victor , Tucker Joseph 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.
Baggage Image Retrieval with Attention-Based Network for Security Checks
Authors: Huang Gan , Yang Li , Zhang Ding , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Yanfu 
Published: March 2021

Baggage image search is the task of finding the same baggage across several cameras, which can improve the efficiency of security check. Since existing state-of-the-art image retrieval requires a significant amount of training data, we aim to investigate the few-shot situation, utilizing only a few samples for each baggage. In this paper, the framework we introduced is called AttentionNet, exploring the weak region-wise annotations as attention clues to improve the retrieval performance. Specifically, we integrate the semantic and recognition tasks using shared convolutional neural networks by multi-task learning. Semantic attention mechanism is used to explicitly re-weight the feature map for emphasizing the foreground. To prevent overfitting in few-shot training, we adopt a variant of the triplet loss to perform deep metric learning with an online hard triplet mining strategy. Once trained, AttentionNet identifies a probe image by computing its embedding’s cosine distance with images in the gallery. Experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in image search. For instance, we obtain 82.9% Rank-1 score on the MVB dataset, dramatically outperforming the currently existing methods.
On skin substitutes for wound healing: Current products, limitations, and future perspectives
Authors: Kelangi Sarah Susan , Theocharidis Georgios , Veves Aristidis , Austen William G. , Sheridan Robert , Goverman Jeremy , Bei Marianna 
Published: March 2021

Cutaneous wound healing is a highly coordinated process involving numerous molecular pathways that regulate the function of specific skin cell types. One of the key decisions in acute and/or chronic wound healing management is to choose the skin substitute that, based on its composition and/or properties, may act as permanent skin replacement or temporary wound cover.The current products however are limited in their action, especially in the context of large chronic wounds or extensive second-/third-degree burns, due to the risk of developing infection, the limited vascularization, the inability to integrate to host tissue, and the lack in the healed area of skin apparatus responsible for temperature control, pigmentation, immune regulation, and nerve supply. In addition, the high cost of skin substitutes precludes their use in small- and moderate-size burns because they are economically impractical and protract the time to definitive wound closure. Thus, the need to develop cost-effective substitutes of high quality is imperative. The purpose of this review is to discuss current available products, their limitations and to provide some perspectives on future research toward generation of cost-effective, high-quality substitutes.
Using landslide-inventory mapping for a combined bagged-trees and logistic-regression approach to determining landslide susceptibility in eastern Kentucky, USA
Authors: Crawford Matthew M. , Dortch Jason M. , Koch Hudson J. , Killen Ashton A. , Zhu Junfeng , Zhu Yichuan , Bryson Lindsey S. , Haneberg William C. 
Published: March 2021

High-resolution LiDAR-derived datasets from a 1.5 m digital elevation model and a detailed landslide inventory (
n
≥ 1000) for Magoffin County, Kentucky, USA were used to develop a combined machine-learning and statistical approach to improve geomorphic-based landslide-susceptibility mapping.

An initial dataset of 36 variables was compiled to investigate the connection between slope morphology and landslide occurrence. Bagged trees, a machine-learning random-forest classifier, was used to evaluate the geomorphic variables, and 12 were identified as important: standard deviation of plan curvature, standard deviation of elevation, sum of plan curvature, minimum slope, mean plan curvature, range of elevation, sum of roughness, mean curvature, sum of curvature, mean roughness, minimum curvature and standard deviation of curvature. These variables were further evaluated using logistic regression to determine the probability of landslide occurrence and then used to create a landslide-susceptibility map.
The performance of the logistic-regression model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve, which was 0.83. Standard deviations from the probability mean were used to set landslide-susceptibility classifications: low (0–0.10), low–moderate (0.11–0.27), moderate (0.28–0.44), moderate–high (0.45–0.61) and high (0.62–1.0). Logistic-regression results were validated by using a separate landslide inventory for the neighbouring Prestonsburg 7.5-minute quadrangle, and running the same regression function. Results indicate that 74.9% of the landslide deposits were identified as having moderate, moderate–high or high landslide susceptibility. Combining inventory mapping with statistical modelling identified important geomorphic variables and produced a useful approach to landslide-susceptibility mapping.

Supplementary material:
The statistical data used in the combined machine-learning functions are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5351313.v3

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Digitization and Digitalization in engineering geology and hydrogeology collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/digitization-and-digitalization-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology
MYC-Activated LncRNA MNX1-AS1 Promotes the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Stabilizing YB1
Authors: Wu Qi-Nian , Luo Xiao-Jing , Liu Jia , Lu Yun-Xin , Wang Yun , Qi Jingjing , Liu Ze-Xian , Huang Qi-Tao , Liu Ze-Kun , Lu Jia-Bin , Jin Ying , Pu Heng-Ying , Hu Pei-Shan , Zheng Jia-Bo , Zeng Zhao-Lei , Ju Huai-Qiang , Xie Dan , Zhao Qi , Xu Ruihua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are involved in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer are still unknown. In this work, through transcriptomic profiling analysis of 21 paired tumor and normal samples, we identified a novel colorectal cancer–related lncRNA, MNX1-AS1. MNX1-AS1 expression was significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer and associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that MNX1-AS1 promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. MNX1-AS1 bound to and activated Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB1), a multifunctional RNA/DNA-binding protein, and prevented its ubiquitination and degradation. A marked overlap between genes that are differentially expressed in MNX1-AS1 knockdown cells and transcriptional targets of YB1 was observed. YB1 knockdown mimicked the loss of viability phenotype observed upon depletion of MNX1-AS1. In addition, MYC bound the promoter of the MNX1-AS1 locus and activated its transcription. In vivo experiments showed that ASO inhibited MNX1-AS1, which suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in both cell-based and patient-derived xenograft models. Collectively, these findings suggest that the MYC–MNX1-AS1–YB1 axis might serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.

Significance:
This study highlights the discovery of a novel colorectal cancer biomarker and therapeutic target, MNX1-AS1, a long noncoding RNA that drives proliferation via a MYC/MNX1-AS1/YB1 signaling pathway.
POT1 Regulates Proliferation and Confers Sexual Dimorphism in Glioma
Authors: Jalali Ali , Yu Kwanha , Beechar Vivek , Bosquez Huerta Navish A. , Grichuk Anthony , Mehra Deepika , Lozzi Brittney , Kong Kathleen , Scott Kenneth L. , Rao Ganesh , Bainbridge Matthew N. , Bondy Melissa L. , Deneen Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Germline POT1 mutations are found in a spectrum of cancers and confer increased risk. Recently, we identified a series of novel germline POT1 mutations that predispose carrier families to the development of glioma. Despite these strong associations, how these glioma-associated POT1 mutations contribute to glioma tumorigenesis remains undefined. Here we show that POT1-G95C increases proliferation in glioma-initiating cells in vitro and in progenitor populations in the developing brain. In a native mouse model of glioma, loss of Pot1a/b resulted in decreased survival in females compared with males. These findings were corroborated in human glioma, where low POT1 expression correlated with decreased survival in females. Transcriptomic and IHC profiling of Pot1a/b-deficient glioma revealed that tumors in females exhibited decreased expression of immune markers and increased expression of cell-cycle signatures. Similar sex-dependent trends were observed in human gliomas that had low expression of POT1. Together, our studies demonstrate context-dependent functions for POT1 mutation or loss in driving progenitor proliferation in the developing brain and sexual dimorphism in glioma.

Significance:
This study shows that manipulation of POT1 expression in glioma has sex-specific effects on tumorigenesis and associated immune signatures.
A Novel Therapeutic Anti-ErbB3, ISU104 Exhibits Potent Antitumorigenic Activity by Inhibiting Ligand Binding and ErbB3 Heterodimerization
Authors: Hong Mirim , Yoo Youngki , Kim Miyoung , Kim Ju Yeon , Cha Jeong Seok , Choi Myung Kyung , Kim Uijin , Kim Kyungyong , Sohn Youngsoo , Bae Donggoo , Cho Hyun-Soo , Hong Seung-Beom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
ErbB3, a member of the ErbB receptor family, is a potent mediator in the development and progression of cancer, and its activation plays pivotal roles in acquired resistance against anti-EGFR therapies and other standard-of-care therapies. Upon ligand (NRG1) binding, ErbB3 forms heterodimers with other ErbB proteins (i.e., EGFR and ErbB2), which allows activation of downstream PI3K/Akt signaling. In this study, we developed a fully human anti-ErbB3 antibody, named ISU104, as an anticancer agent. ISU104 binds potently and specifically to the domain 3 of ErbB3. The complex structure of ErbB3-domain 3::ISU104-Fab revealed that ISU104 binds to the NRG1 binding region of domain 3. The elucidated structure suggested that the binding of ISU104 to ErbB3 would hinder not only ligand binding but also the structural changes required for heterodimerization. Biochemical studies confirmed these predictions. ISU104 inhibited ligand binding, ligand-dependent heterodimerization and phosphorylation, and induced the internalization of ErbB3. As a result, downstream Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation were inhibited. The anticancer efficacy of ISU104 was demonstrated in xenograft models of various cancers. In summary, a highly potent ErbB3 targeting antibody, ISU104, is suitable for clinical development.
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Gastrin/CCK2 Receptor Antagonist Netazepide in Patients with Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: Abrams Julian A. , Del Portillo Armando , Hills Caitlin , Compres Griselda , Friedman Richard A. , Cheng Bin , Poneros John , Lightdale Charles J. , De La Rue Rachel , di Pietro Massimiliano , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Sepulveda Antonia , Wang Timothy C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Hypergastrinemia has been associated with high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus, and experimental studies suggest proinflammatory and proneoplastic effects of gastrin on Barrett's esophagus. This is of potential concern, as patients with Barrett's esophagus are treated with medications that suppress gastric acid production, resulting in increased physiologic levels of gastrin. We aimed to determine whether treatment with the novel gastrin/CCK2 receptor antagonist netazepide reduces expression of markers associated with inflammation and neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of netazepide in patients with Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia. Subjects were treated for 12 weeks, with endoscopic assessment at baseline and at end of treatment. The primary outcome was within-individual change in cellular proliferation as assessed by Ki67. Secondary analyses included changes in gene expression, assessed by RNA-sequencing, and safety and tolerability. A total of 20 subjects completed the study and were included in the analyses. There was no difference between arms in mean change in cellular proliferation (netazepide: +35.6 Ki67+ cells/mm2, SD 620.7; placebo: +307.8 Ki67+ cells/mm2, SD 640.3; P = 0.35). Netazepide treatment resulted in increased expression of genes related to gastric phenotype (TFF2, MUC5B) and certain cancer-associated markers (REG3A, PAX9, MUC1), and decreased expression of intestinal markers MUC2, FABP1, FABP2, and CDX1. No serious adverse events related to study drug occurred. The gastrin/CCK2 receptor antagonist netazepide did not reduce cellular proliferation in patients with nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus. Further research should focus on the biological effects of gastrin in Barrett's esophagus.
Prevention Relevance: Treatment of patients with Barrett's esophagus with a gastrin/CCK2 receptor antagonist did not have obvious chemopreventive effects.