bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Öffentlichkeiten im Wandel. Normative Überlegungen und die Kontroverse um Maxim Billers Roman Esra
Authors: Schicha Christian 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag widmet sich Wandlungsprozessen der Strukturen der Öffentlichkeit. Zunächst werden grundlegende normative Ansprüche an Medienöffentlichkeiten skizziert, die über unterschiedliche Kanäle hergestellt werden. Auf der Basis der Kommunikationsfreiheiten haben Medien die Aufgabe, transparent und informativ zu agieren sowie ihrer Kontroll- und Kritikfunktion nachzukommen. Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Massenmedien verfügen digitale Kanäle über die Möglichkeit, Austauschprozesse zwischen den Anbieter*innen und Nutzer*innen zu generieren. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf kommunikative Aushandlungsprozesse mit Bezug auf die Konzeption von Jürgen Habermas zum neuen Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit verwiesen. Weiterhin wird das Verhältnis zwischen Literatur und Öffentlichkeit erörtert. Exemplarisch erfolgt eine Auseinandersetzung um den Roman Esra von Maxim Biller, der im Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Persönlichkeitsschutz, dem Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung und der Kunstfreiheit angesiedelt ist.
Significantly increased bone volume in a critical-sized defect model in the rat animal model by transplantation of a stand-alone vascularized periosteal flap
Authors: Wichlas Florian , Wenzel Maximilian , Hofmann Valeska , Trieb Klemens , Deluca Amelie , Tempfer Herbert , Wagner Andrea , Traweger Andreas , Senck Sascha , Deininger Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The repair of bony non-unions remains challenging and often requires graft material due to limited availability of autologous bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of a stand-alone pedicled periosteal flap (PF) versus a ligated periosteal flap (PFx), an empty defect and a crossover group in terms of newly formed bone in a 5 mm critical-sized defect in the rat femur diaphysis.

Methods
The following 4 treatment groups were formed out of a total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats: Pedicled periosteal flap, ligated periosteal flap, crossover (each n = 10) and empty defect group (n = 6). A prospective randomized plate osteosynthesis was performed. The periosteal flap was dissected along with the supplying vessel from the medial femoral condyle with the aid of magnifying glasses and fixed to the plate and to the defect with a suture. Regular radiographic and µ-CT examinations were performed to determine bone volume inside the defect, as well as descriptive histological examinations.

Results
Newly formed bone tissue was measured by Bone Volume / Tissue Volume. The significant highest ratio to the control group was detected in the PF group after 10 weeks (18.77%) compared to the crossover- (11.28%; p = 0.0436), the PFx- (10.98%; p = 0.0411), and the control group (10.47%; p = 0.0293). No relevant differences were found in the descriptive histological examination.

Conclusion
According to the observed results, bony healing of non-union defects can be supported with a pedicled periosteal flap. The superiority of the pedicled compared to the ligated periosteal flap suggests that the improved blood flow within the defect area is an essential component of the healing phase itself.
Hemp flour in breadmaking: circularity and opportunities for bread quality and stability during storage
Authors: Del Vecchio Lorenzo , Chiodetti Miriam , Cirlini Martina , Ricci Sebastiano , Di Fazio Andrea , Caligiani Augusta , Carini Eleonora 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Industrial hemp is cultivated in all continents, and represents a multipurpose, sustainable and low environmental impact crop. The hemp seed is of particular interest for food application due to its nutritional profile. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hemp flour (10%, 15% or 25%) on wheat-bread physico-chemical properties (specific volume, texture, color, crumb grain, water status, retrograded amylopectin) of the composite breads during 7 days of storage. The physico-chemical properties of both fresh and stored composite bread were affected by the addition of hemp flour in the formulation, with respect to the standard bread, in a not linearly manner based on the hemp flour content. 10% and 15% hemp flour composite breads resulted with higher specific volume and lower hardness and characterized by a slower increase of hardness during storage, if compared with standard bread. Overall, the hemp flour inclusion level was found pivotal in modulating the quality of composite bread during storage, suggesting that the 15% inclusion level can be a satisfactory compromise among those studied for the reached bread technological quality.
Metagenomic Analysis of Surface Waters and Wastewater in the Colombian Andean Highlands: Implications for Health and Disease
Authors: Urrea Vanessa , Páez-Triana Luisa , Velásquez-Ortiz Natalia , Camargo Milena , Patiño Luz H. , Vega Laura , Ballesteros Nathalia , Hidalgo-Troya Arsenio , Galeano Luis-Alejandro , Ramírez Juan David , Muñoz Marina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Urban water bodies serve as critical reservoirs of microbial diversity, with major implications for public health and environmental quality. This study aimed to characterize the microbial diversity of surface waters and wastewater from the Pasto River in the Colombian Andean Highlands, offering insights that may support water quality monitoring efforts. Sampling was conducted at three river sites and one wastewater location. Standard physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed, including real-time PCR to detect protozoan pathogens Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. Metagenomic sequencing provided an in-depth taxonomic and functional profile of microbial communities through two complementary approaches: (i) read-based analysis to identify abundant families and species, both pathogenic and beneficial, and (ii) detection of health-related molecular markers, including antimicrobial resistance markers and virulence factors. Physicochemical analyses showed distinct profiles between wastewater and surface water, with wastewater exhibiting elevated levels of suspended solids (113.6 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, 311.2 mg/L), and chemical oxygen demand (COD, 426.7 mg/L). Real-time PCR detected Giardia spp. DNA in 75% (76/102) of the samples and Cryptosporidium spp. DNA in 94% (96/102) of samples. The metagenomic read-based profiling identified Aeromonas media as a prevalent pathogen and Polaromonas naphthalenivorans as a potential biodegradative agent. The metagenomic assembly produced 270 high-quality genomes, revealing 16 bacterial species (e. g., Acinetobacter johnsonii and Megamonas funiformis) that provided insights into fecal contaminants and native aquatic microbes. Functional profiling further revealed a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance markers, particularly for tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and macrolides, with the highest abundance found in wastewater samples. Additionally, virulence factors were notably present in Zoogloea ramigera. The findings underscore the value of metagenomic profiling as a comprehensive tool for water quality monitoring, facilitating the detection of pathogens, beneficial species, and molecular markers indicative of potential health risks. This approach supports continuous monitoring efforts, offering actionable data for water management strategies to safeguard public health and maintain ecological integrity.
Screening and diagnosis of sarcopenia in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: findings from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pardali Eleni C. , Kontouli Katerina-Maria , Gkouvi Arriana , Tsakmaki Irene A. , Patrikiou Eleni , Karapli Maria , Liaskos Christos , Liapis Nektarios Marios , Syrmou Vasiliki , Alexiou Ioannis , Simopoulou Theodora , Papadopoulou Sousana K. , Katsiari Christina G. , Zafiriou Efterpi , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Grammatikopoulou Maria G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle mass and reduced muscle function, presenting various adverse events, especially when inflammation is present. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and identify the risk for sarcopenia using two screening tools the Strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) and the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA). In this single-center cross-sectional study, 220 consecutive patients visiting the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology at the University General Hospital of Larissa were interviewed. The EWGSOP criteria were used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, while sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, number needed to screen, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were used to validate the diagnostic validity of the SARC-F and the MSRA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also applied to model the relationship between sarcopenia and other variables. In the total sample, 15.9% of patients were diagnosed with sarcopenia and one patient with sarcopenic obesity. The SARC-F (sensitivity 22.2%, specificity 75.6%), the 5-item (sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 18.9%), and the 7-item MSRA (sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 9.2%) presented poor clinical performance when used for screening alone. Univariate logistic regression analyses showed that underweight status, systemic sclerosis and appetite loss are strong contributors to sarcopenia diagnosis. Sarcopenia is prevalent among RMDs, and screening is essential within RMD clinics. None of the screening tools (SARC-F and MSRA) can stand alone in assessing sarcopenia in patients with RMDs. More research is required to understand sarcopenia in RMDs and validate the wide-using screening tools.
Resonantly diode-pumped Tm:YAG laser for efficient 2036 nm generation
Authors: Kratochvíl Jan , Veselský Karel , Popelová Dominika , Šulc Jan , Jelínková Helena , Nejezchleb Karel , Uxa Štěpán 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a resonantly diode pumped Tm:YAG laser, operating at 2036 nm, wavelength-stabilized using a volume Bragg grating. This laser takes advantage of resonant diode pumping at 1.69

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m to achieve efficient emission in the high atmospheric transmission spectral region near 2

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m. Despite operation on the wing of the emission spectrum, an output power of up to 4.6 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 49%. In a Q-switched regime, output pulses with an energy of 0.8 mJ and a duration of 360 ns were achieved with performance constrained by the chosen components. The results highlight the potential of compact resonantly diode-pumped 2

$${\upmu }$$

μ

m Tm

$$^{3+}$$

3
+

laser systems for applications requiring efficient wavelength-specific sources, such as LIDAR and atmospheric sensing.
Optimization of a model for denitrification with batch and porous media experiments
Authors: Zawallich Jan , Ippisch Olaf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Denitrification, the microbial process (and its subprocesses) of reducing nitrogenous oxides to gaseous nitrogen, is usually modelled using the relevant scale, i.e. microscopic, laboratory, field, or landscape scale. It is shown that a newly developed model can simulate several experiments with a denitrifying strain of bacteria at the microscopic scale with different initial oxygen and nitrate concentrations all at once. It is shown that for this, a new approach for the onset of denitrification is needed. It will then be investigated whether the model can be transferred from the microscopic scale to the laboratory scale to simulate an experimental setup with sintered glass beads that mimic hot spots in the soil. For this, the reaction from the batch experiment model is not changed, but diffusion of the components is added. While the spatially resolved model seems to incorporate the spatial structure correctly, shown by the good agreement between simulation and experiment under purely oxic conditions, there is a structural mismatch between the simulation and the experiments with denitrification.
Utility of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for planning of surgical procedure in Paget’s disease of the breast
Authors: Oba Takaaki , Maeno Kazuma , Iji Ryoko , Kiyosawa Nami , Park Yonghan , Morikawa Hiroki , Amitani Masatsugu , Shimizu Tadafumi , Ono Mayu , Ito Tokiko , Kanai Toshiharu , Matoba Hisanori , Takayama Fumiyoshi , Ito Ken-ichi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is an essential imaging modality for planning breast cancer surgical procedures. However, CE-MRI findings in Paget’s disease of the breast (PD) have not been studied extensively. This study aimed to elucidate the CE-MRI findings of PD and assess their role in surgical treatment planning.

Methods
Twelve patients with PD who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
The average patient age was 73.8 ± 14.3 years. CE-MRI detected enhanced areas in the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and/or surrounding skin in all patients. Additionally, 6 patients showed enhanced areas within the breast, suggesting ductal spread into the breast. Of these, 1 patient underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS), and 5 opted for mastectomy. Pathology confirmed the extent of ductal spread of PD, as indicated by CE-MRI. Among the 6 patients who did not have an enhanced area in the breast, 3 underwent BCS or central lumpectomy including NAC, and 3 chose mastectomy based on the patient's preference, and no malignant foci were observed in the breast.

Conclusion
CE-MRI effectively evaluated the ductal spread of PD in the breast, demonstrating its utility in guiding the selection of surgical procedures.
Deconstructing avian flight: forelimb length correlates with coracoid dimensions in birds
Authors: Deeming D. Charles , Da Silva Robin Ferrari 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Avian flight is possible because of functional adaptations of the skeleton, musculature, and the integument in the form of feathers. Bird species with short wings have a greater stroke amplitude angle than bigger birds with longer wings. The m. pectoralis generates the downstroke and the m. supracoracoideus facilitates the upstroke. Striated muscle has a limited capacity for contraction so greater stroke amplitude angles could reflect a longer muscle. The length of both flight muscles must reflect the size of the underlying skeleton, i.e. the sternum and coracoid. It was hypothesised that, to increase the distance between the sternum and the shoulder, short wings would be associated with longer coracoids, and vice versa. It was predicted that, in an inter-species comparison, coracoid dimensions would exhibit negative allometry with total forelimb skeletal length but isometry with body mass. Values for coracoid length and width, total forelimb length, and body mass were collated from the literature and measured from photographs for 146 species of bird. Phylogenetically controlled analysis showed that coracoid length scaled isometrically with body mass, but coracoid width showed positive allometry. As predicted, both coracoid length and width exhibited negative allometry with total forelimb length. Order of bird was important in determining variation in coracoid dimensions. Although coracoid length will determine muscle length, variation in sternum dimensions will also affect length of breast muscles. Further studies aiming to improve our understanding of the mechanics of flight in birds need to consider the pectoral-sternum anatomy in conjunction with the associated musculature.
Soil carbon responses to prescribed burning, nitrogen addition, and their interactions in a Mediterranean shrubland
Authors: Inclán R. , Pérez-Pastor R. , Clavero M. A. , Cicuéndez V. , Cobos J. , Remedios E. , Sánchez-Ledesma D. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the effects of prescribed burning management practices in combination with anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition on soil carbon (C) storage capacity is of crucial importance in Mediterranean mountain shrublands. To address this issue, an experiment was conducted to assess the effects of prescribed burning (Burn, B / No Burn, NB), N additions (0, 15, and 50 kg N·ha−1·year−1, N0, N15, N50) and their interactive effects on various soil parameters in a shrubland located in the mountain range of Madrid over 2-year period. The results of the study confirmed that both low-intensity prescribed burning and short-term N additions did not alter the C stocks in the soil and floor shrubs. Furthermore, the combination of these two factors did not lead to an increase in soil C accumulation. However, the prescribed fire treatment caused divergent responses in soil parameters and fluxes. Specifically, it caused transient changes including decreased soil respiration (Rs), alterations in the soil microbial community, increased soil water content, temperature, and soil pH, and changes in NH4, NH3, and available P. Moreover, the cumulative amount of N added gradually depressed Rs, and microbial biomass. Additionally, the interaction between prescribed burning and N fertilisation did not modify the effects associated with fire. The findings indicate that prescribed burning, as implemented in the experiment, can be effectively employed in Mediterranean shrublands, as it did not significantly affect soil C storage under both current and future N deposition scenarios.
Is Work Still a Right if it has Become a Norm? Disability Inclusion in Labor Market Policy Discourse
Authors: Baeken Andries , Forrier Anneleen , De Cuyper Nele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Policy motives for work for people with a disability (PWD) are divergent along two discourses: work as a right vs norm. Work as a right, based on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), portrays work as a potential gateway for inclusion. Work as a norm fits a neoliberal agenda. It considers labor market participation of all, including PWD, as a civil responsibility crucial for economic welfare. Critics argue that the work as a norm discourse presents a risk for inclusion of PWD. Work is seen as a necessary condition for and not one of many ways to inclusion in society. To make the right to work for PWD work, critical scholars call to unravel whether and how the discourses of work as a right and norm for PWD become intertwined in policy. In response and through the lens of recontextualization, we study how discourses of work as a right and norm for PWD are received, reproduced and reworked in political debate in Flanders (Belgium) over time. We examine policy texts and parliamentary questions of four government terms (2004–2024). The findings illustrate how the work as a right discourse is gradually recontextualized into the work as a norm discourse to legitimize neoliberal policies of strict activation. In accordance, we see a gradual move towards neoliberal-ableism. Although the UNCRPD aims to eradicate ableism, its recontextualization and appropriation reinforces neoliberal-ableism.
Single-Cell Analysis of Sex and Gender Differences in the Human Brain During Development and Disease
Authors: Zelco Aura , Joshi Anagha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sex and gender (SG) differences in the human brain are of interest to society and science as numerous processes are impacted by them, including brain development, behavior, and diseases. By collecting publicly available single-cell data from the in-utero to elderly age in healthy, Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis samples, we identified and characterized SG-biased genes in ten brain cell types across 9 age and disease groups. Sex and gender differences in the transcriptome were present throughout the lifespan and across all cell types. Although there was limited overlap among SG-biased genes across different age and disease groups, we observed significant functional overlap. Female-biased genes are consistently enriched for brain-related processes, while male-biased genes are enriched for metabolic pathways. Additionally, mitochondrial genes showed a consistent female bias across cell types. We also found that androgen response elements (not estrogen) were significantly enriched in both male- and female-biased genes, and thymosin hormone targets being consistently enriched only in male-biased genes. We systematically characterised SG differences in brain development and brain-related disorders at a single-cell level, by analysing a total of publicly available 419,885 single nuclei from 161 human brain samples (72 females, 89 males). The significant enrichment of androgen (not estrogen) response elements in both male- and female-biased genes suggests that androgens are important regulators likely establishing these SG differences. Finally, we provide full characterization of SG-biased genes at different thresholds for the scientific community as a web resource.

Graphical Abstract

Summary of the sex and gender differences found in the human cortex transcriptome. After stratification by cell type and developmental stage, we identified SG-biased genes in human cortex transcriptome. Comprehensive analysis of SG-biased genes resulted in main findings; the female-biased mitochondrial gene up-regulation, the presence of ARE binding sites at the SG-biased DEGs for both sexes, and the enrichment of hormone targets other than sex hormones, such as thymosin. Our findings (highlighted in orange) further extend the traditional model of sex and gender differences in the human brain (highlighted in green). The ARE motif (split in two lines) was obtained via the HOmo sapiens COmprehensive MOdel COllection (version 12). ARE androgen response elements.
Emergent Literacy Instruction for Autistic Children: A Preliminary Study of Teacher Knowledge
Authors: Wang Xiaoning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Emergent literacy skills are essential for reading development, yet autistic students face a greater risk of reading difficulties. This qualitative-driven, mixed-methods study explored public preschool teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in teaching emergent literacy to autistic children. Findings from questionnaires and interviews with ten purposively selected, licensed public-school teachers revealed general knowledge of emergent literacy and autism but highlighted gaps in areas like phonemic awareness. Teachers acknowledged challenges in effectively teaching emergent literacy to autistic students and expressed a need for additional training. Notably, they lacked familiarity with research-supported instructional strategies for autistic learners and often prioritized social and behavioral skills over emergent literacy instruction. These findings emphasize the need for targeted professional development and further research to enhance emergent literacy instruction in preschool settings.