bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layout optimisation algorithms and reliability assessment of wind farm for microgrid integration: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Saket R.K. , Dheer Dharmendra Kumar , Sanjeevikumar P. , Holm‐Nielsen Jens Bo , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper represents a comprehensive review of the wind farm layout and reliability assessment of the wind farm integrated electrical power system. The authors have done a review on the proliferation of renewable energy which raises the uncertainties in the electrical power system. The uncertainties including wind speed and wake effect are important to deal with when an isolated microgrid is considered. The scenario becomes vigilant when the wind farms are integrated with the main grid. Due to uncertainties, the study of reliability evaluation of a wind integrated power system would become significant to analyse the electrical power system behaviour effectively. So, the paper discusses the layout optimisation methods of wind turbines considering the uncertainty parameters, mainly the wake effect. In this regard, the different wake models and optimisation methods based on a single‐objective and multi‐objective functions are reviewed in detail with the proper comparisons. The paper serves as a better illustration of the competency of these optimisation methods on the optimal wind turbine location on a wind farm. Furthermore, the paper extends the view on the reliability and cost assessment, and reliability improvement techniques of the wind integrated power system. This article provides comprehensive information, yields an attractive and subsequent tool for research requirements for the researchers to design the wind farm layout, and assessed the reliability of a wind integrated power system.
Microgrid small‐signal stability analysis considering dynamic load model
Authors: Mahdavian Aram , Ghadimi Ali Asghar , Bayat Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrogrids suitable operation depends on the system's proper design, based on accurate component models. A complete model considering entire system dynamics is a vital necessity for a successful design. Using dynamic load in microgrid small‐signal model results in a model that shows transient and steady‐state dynamics, since designing a low‐inertia system like microgrid need extra accuracy. In this paper, an inverter‐based microgrid's small‐signal model in islanded operation mode containing a dynamic load model has been achieved. The Exponential Recovery Load (ERL) model is presented here to study the dynamic behavior of load. Microgrid stability analysis has been carried out for both static and dynamic load models. To attain this goal, the entire component equations are obtained and linearized around an operating point, then the state‐space model is formed and eigenvalues are derived. System stability condition has been investigated by plotting eigenvalues and root locus method. In the final step, a simulation on Matlab/Simulink is performed to show the microgrids operation in the presence of a static and dynamic load.
Power line detection in millimetre‐wave radar images applying convolutional neural networks
Authors: Xiong Wei , Luo Jingsheng , Yu Chaopeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh‐voltage power lines and their supporting towers create hazardous low‐altitude flight conditions for helicopters. Herein, a novel power line detection and classification is proposed for millimetre‐wave (MMW) radars applying Hough transform (HT) and convolutional neural network (CNN). HT is implemented to detect candidate lines in MMW radar images. Unfortunately, in the presence of background clutter and manmade structures, some false power lines are also brought in, thus it is vital to differentiate the actual power lines. Moreover, it is important to classify the power lines with and without Bragg pattern, and offer different threat levels. The authors firstly introduce the incidence angle and azimuth angle vectors of candidate lines as a supplement to power vectors, and propose a new CNN architecture for classification that uses powerful dense blocks and defined index pooling. With the trick of index pooling, the incidence angle and azimuth angle vectors can be merged with the corresponding power vectors together to mine the features, including those of Bragg pattern. Taking advantage of scale transformation, the proposed network adapts to different input scales. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state‐of‐the‐art results and is not sensitive to the input scales and noise levels.
Dechirp‐receiving radar target detection based on generalized Radon‐Fourier transform
Authors: You Pengjie , Ding Zegang , Liu Siyuan , Zhang Guangwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe dechirp‐receiving radar measures range by the frequency difference between the target echo and the reference signal. It can operate at a low sampling frequency while transmitting a wideband signal, which simplifies the radar hardware. However, when detecting high‐speed and highly maneuvering targets, residual video phase (RVP), frequency mismatch, frequency modulation (FM) rate mismatch, and across range‐Doppler unit (ARDU) problems occur after dechirp receiving, which cause difficulties in integrating the target echo and result in severe performance loss. To solve these problems, the dechirp generalized Radon‐Fourier transform (DGRFT) and an algorithm for its fast implementation are proposed. The DGRFT compensates for the frequency and FM rate mismatch in the fast‐time domain and the RVP in the fast‐time frequency domain, and then implements joint envelope and phase compensations to overcome the ARDU phenomenon. After these compensations, the target echo can be effectively integrated. Experiments with simulated and measured data show that the performance of the DGRFT is better than that of the conventional moving target detector.
A novel fine Doppler frequency acquisition algorithm for BDS‐3 B1C signal based on an adaptive filter
Authors: Qiu Tongsheng , Wang Xianyi , du Qifei , Sun Yueqiang , Wang Zhuoyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFine Doppler frequency estimation has an important role in accelerating the convergence of the tracking loop in a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver to achieve short time to first fix. BDS‐3 started broadcasting a civil B1C signal to provide open services for global users, which is beneficial for GNSS‐based applications. Therefore, a fine Doppler frequency acquisition algorithm based on an adaptive filter is proposed, whose purpose is to acquire the BDS‐3 B1C signal Doppler frequency accurately after the completion of coarse acquisition. The proposed algorithm is based on a first‐order complex‐coefficients adaptive filter. The adaptive filter depends on the proposed adaptation algorithm to track the input BDS‐3 B1C signal. An accurate Doppler frequency estimate is extracted. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm has high acquisition sensitivity, high acquisition accuracy, short acquisition time, and few hardware resources consumption, and also works well under many different coarse acquisition strategies. Overall, the proposed algorithm is better than the generic second‐order frequency locked loop. Consequently, the proposed algorithm has high practical value.
Stiffness after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: Risk factors and arthroscopic treatment
Authors: Fournier Gaspard , Gaillard Romain , Swan John , Batailler Cécile , Lustig Sébastien , Servien Elvire 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: One of the principal complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is stiffness. There are no publications concerning stiffness after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Study objectives were to describe the incidence of stiffness after UKA, to look for risk factors, and to describe safe and effective arthroscopic treatment. Methods: There were 240 UKA performed between March 2016 and January 2019 included. Robotic-assisted surgery was performed in 164 patients and mechanical instrumentation in 76 patients. Stiffness was defined as flexion < 90° or a flexion contracture > 10° during the first 45 post-operative days. Patients with stiffness were treated with arthroscopic arthrolysis. Several factors were studied to look for risk factors of stiffness: body mass index, gender, age, mechanical or robotic instrumentation, preoperative flexion, previous meniscectomy, and anticoagulant treatment. Arthrolysis effectiveness was evaluated by flexion improvement and UKA revision rate. Results: 22 patients (9%) developed stiffness. Mechanical instrumentation significantly increased the risk of stiffness with OR = 0.26 and p = 0.005. Robotic-assisted surgery decreased the risk of stiffness by five-fold. Before arthrolysis, mean knee flexion was 79°, versus 121° (53% improvement) after arthroscopic arthrolysis. Only 2 patients (9%) underwent UKA revision after arthrolysis. Discussion: Stiffness after UKA is an important complication with an incidence of 9% in this study. Arthroscopic arthrolysis is a safe and effective treatment with a range of motion improvement of > 50%. Robotic-assisted surgery significantly decreases the risk of postoperative stiffness.
Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic study, retrospective cohort study
Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Evidence, Controversies, Consensus
Authors: Untch Michael , Fasching Peter A. , Brucker Sara Y. , Budach Wilfried , Denkert Carsten , Haidinger Renate , Huober Jens , Jackisch Christian , Janni Wolfgang , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Krug David , Kühn Thorsten , Loibl Sibylle , Lüftner Diana , Müller Volkmar , Schneeweiss Andreas , Thill Marc , Harbeck Nadia , Thomssen Christoph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis yearʼs 17th St. Gallen (SG) Consensus Conference on the Treatment of Patients with Early Breast Cancer (SG-BCC) with the title “Customizing local and systemic therapies for women with early breast cancer” focused on the challenge of targeting the treatment of early breast cancer more specifically to the individual disease situation of each patient. As in previous years, a German working group of leading breast cancer experts discussed the results of the international SG-BCC 2021 in the context of the German guideline. It is helpful to compare the SG recommendations with the recently updated treatment recommendations of the Breast Commission of the German Working Group on Gynaecological Oncology (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie e. V., AGO) and the S3 guideline because the SG-BCC panel comprised experts from different countries, which is why country-specific aspects can be incorporated into the SG recommendations. The German treatment recommendations of
the AGO and the S3 guideline are based on current evidence. Nevertheless, any therapeutic decision must always undergo a risk-benefit analysis for the specific situation and to be discussed with the patient.
Stille Hypoxie nach COVID-19 – gefährliche Unbekannte für die Rehabilitation
Authors: Elmer Nancy , Reißhauer Anett , Liebl Max Emanuel 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie „stille Hypoxie“ bezeichnet Abfälle der Sauerstoffsättigung ohne Symptomdruck und ohne physiologische Reaktion wie einer Zunahme der Atemarbeit oder Herzfrequenz. Die stille Hypoxie existiert auch in der Rekonvaleszenzphase nach einer schweren SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Solange eine stille Hypoxie nicht ausgeschlossen wurde, sollten bei allen physio- und sporttherapeutischen Maßnahmen, stationär und ambulant, die üblichen Parameter wie Herzfrequenz, Dyspnoe (Borg-CR-Skala) und Atemfrequenz nicht zur Steuerung der Therapie-Intensität verwendet werden.
Benefits of Endoscopic Sheath in Intraventricular Neuroendoscopy: Technical Note
Authors: Marx Sascha , Schroeder Henry W.S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The usefulness of the endoscopic sheath is underreported in the literature.
Objective and Methods To explain the use of an endoscopic sheath and to highlight its benefits.
Results In addition to protecting the surrounding brain parenchyma when inserting the endoscope, the endoscopic sheath is a very useful tool to retract neurovascular structures, achieve hemostasis, and create adequate working space within narrow ventricles. The sheath can be moved within the ventricular system, and the endoscope can be moved independently within the sheath. These movements represent all the advantages of the endoscopic sheath.
Conclusions We used an endoscopic sheath in ∼ 300 intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures and consider the sheath an essential part of a ventriculoscopic system. Proper use of the sheath can help avoid or manage endoscopic complications.
The Use of Electrophilic Cyclization for the Preparation of Condensed Heterocycles
Authors: Slivka Mikhailo , Onysko Mikhailo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCondensed heterocycles are well-known for their excellent biological effects and they are undeniably important compounds in organic chemistry. Electrophilic cyclization reactions are widely used for the synthesis of mono-heterocyclic compounds. This review highlights the utility of electrophilic cyclization reactions as an effective generic tool for the synthesis of various condensed heterocycles containing functional groups that are able to undergo further chemical transformations, such as nucleophilic substitution, elimination, re-cyclization, cleavage, etc. This review describes the reactions of unsaturated derivatives of different heterocycles with various electrophilic agents (halogens, arylsulfanyl chlorides, mineral acids) resulting in annulation of an additional partially saturated heterocycle. The electrophilic reaction conditions, plausible mechanisms and the use of such transformations in organic synthesis are also discussed. The review mainly focuses on research published since 2002 in order to establish the current state of the art in this area.1 Introduction2 Electrophilic Cyclization Pathways Involving a Nitrogen Nucleo­philic Center3 Electrophilic Cyclization Pathways Involving a Chalcogen Nucleophilic Center3.1 Sulfur Centers3.2 Oxygen Centers3.3 Selenium Centers4 Strategies and Mechanisms5 Conclusion
Deuterium-Labeling Studies on the C–H/Olefin Coupling of Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by Fe(PMe3)4
Authors: Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Kimura Naoki , Katta Shiori , Kitazawa Yoichi , Kochi Takuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeuterium-labeling experiments were performed for the Fe(PMe3)4-catalyzed C–H/olefin coupling using a deuterium-labeled aromatic ketone with various alkenes. While the reactions with a variety of alkenes provided the linear alkylation products formed via 1,2-insertion of alkene into an Fe–H bond, the reversible 2,1-insertion proceeded during the reaction highly depends on the choice of the alkene. No H/D scrambling resulting from 2,1-insertion/β-elimination was detected for the reactions with a vinylsilane and N-vinylcarbazole, but the reactions­ with styrenes are considered to involve rapid 2,1-insertion/ β-elimination processes to cause significant levels of H/D scrambling.
Vascular Spinal Cord Disorders
Authors: English Stephen W. , Zalewski Nicholas L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVascular disorders of the spinal cord are uncommon yet under-recognized causes of myelopathy. Etiologies can be predominantly categorized into clinical and radiographic presentations of arterial ischemia, venous congestion/ischemia, hematomyelia, and extraparenchymal hemorrhage. While vascular myelopathies often produce significant morbidity, recent advances in the understanding and recognition of these disorders should continue to expedite diagnosis and proper management, and ideally improve patient outcomes. This article comprehensively reviews relevant spinal cord vascular anatomy, clinical features, radiographic findings, treatment, and prognosis of vascular disorders of the spinal cord.
Imaging Considerations in Spinal Cord Evaluation
Authors: Shea Alice C. , Kuo Anderson H. , Hsu Liangge 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMultiple diverse pathologies result in the clinical presentation of myelopathy. The preferred way to image the spinal cord depends on clinical history, anatomic site of interest, and patient issues limiting certain imaging modalities. This radiology-focused article discusses pertinent physiological considerations, reviews basic and newer imaging techniques, and examines several distinct disease entities in order to highlight the key role of imaging in the work-up of myelopathy.
Long-term Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes after Three-level Contiguous Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion without Plating: A Multicentric Retrospective Study
Authors: Ricciardi Luca , Scerrati Alba , Bonis Pasquale De , Miscusi Massimo , Trungu Sokol , Visocchi Massimiliano , Papacci Fabio , Raco Antonino , Proietti Luca , Pompucci Angelo , Olivi Alessandro , Montano Nicola 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been providing good surgical, clinical, and radiologic outcomes in patients suffering from cervical degenerative disk disease (DDD). However, the role of anterior plating is still debated, especially in three-level procedures. This study aimed to investigate long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes and complications after three-level contiguous ACDF without plating for cervical DDD.
Methods Two institutional databases were retrieved (January 2009–December 2014) for patients treated with three-level contiguous ACDF without plating. Minimum follow-up (FU) was 5 years. Demographical data, smoking status, implant types, Neck Disability Index (NDI), visual analog scale (VAS) for neck pain, complications, fusion rate, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), cervical lordosis (CL), and residual segmental mobility were evaluated.
Results We enrolled 21 patients. Tantalum and carbon fiber cages were implanted, respectively, in 13 and 8 patients. The mean FU length was 5.76 ± 0.87 years. Mean NDI score was 78.29 ± 9.98% preoperatively and 8.29 ± 1.67% at last FU (p < 0.01), whereas mean VAS score decreased from 7.43 ± 1.14 preoperatively to 0.95 ± 0.95 at last FU (p < 0.01). Complications were one postoperative hematoma, one superficial wound infection, and five cases of postoperative dysphagia (recovered within 3 days). The fusion rate was 90% and ASD was reported in three (14%) cases. The mean CL was 6.33 ± 2.70 degrees preoperatively, 8.19 ± 1.97 degrees 3 months after surgery (p = 0.02), and 7.62 ± 1.96 degrees at latest FU. There was no residual mobility on every operated segment at last FU. The smoking status was an independent risk factor for nonfusion in this case series (p = 0.02).
Conclusions Three-level contiguous ACDF without plating seems to be an effective treatment for cervical DDD. Properly designed comparative clinical trials are needed to further investigate this topic.
Hyperchloremia on Admission to Pediatric Intensive Care in Mechanically Ventilated Children is Associated with Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Mitting Rebecca B. , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Inwald David P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective There is recent interest in the association between hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and adverse outcomes. In vitro, hyperchloremia causes renal vasoconstriction and fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The objective of this retrospective, observational study is to examine associations between chloride level at admission to pediatric intensive care (PICU) and worst GFR and requirement for renal replacement therapy.
Materials and Methods All admissions to PICU between 2009 and 2019 who received invasive mechanical ventilation and had blood gas analysis performed were included. Data analyzed included patient characteristics (age, gender, diagnosis, pediatric index of mortality [PIM]-2 score); results of initial blood gas; and maximum serum creatinine (then used to calculate minimum GFR). Primary outcome measure was worst GFR during PICU stay. Secondary outcome measures were requirement for renal replacement therapy and PICU mortality. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess if admission chloride level was independently predictive of minimum GFR during PICU stay and to examine associations between hyperchloremia (>110 mEq/L) at admission and requirement for renal replacement therapy after adjustment for confounders.
Results Data were available for 2,217 patients. Median age was 16.4 months and 39% of patients were hyperchloremic at admission to PICU. Admission chloride level was independently predictive of worst GFR during PICU stay after adjustment for known confounders. Patients with hyperchloremia were not more likely to require renal replacement therapy or die than patients with normochloremia.
Conclusion Prospective studies are necessary to determine if high chloride, specifically chloride containing resuscitation fluids, have a causal relationship with poor outcomes.
Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis–Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Jha Anuja , Agrawal Manju , Hishikar Rajesh , Jha Himanshu Shekhar 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the commonest preventable health care–associated infection among postoperative cases. Several guidelines are available for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) and other measures which prevent SSI. National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), India, has also provided a guideline for prevention of SSI in 2016. In this study we have compared the NCDC, India, guideline with WHO (World health organization) and American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines. The timing of antimicrobial agent administration is the only parameter which is included in all the three guidelines. As per NCDC and ASHP it should be within 60 minutes of incision while as per WHO it is within 120 minutes of incision.

Materials and Methods
This was a prospective observational study—104 patients undergoing surgery in general surgical ward between January 2016 and June 2017 were included in this study. The NCDC guideline was compared with WHO and ASHP guidelines. Real data comparison was done for those parameters which were included in all the three guidelines.

Statistical Analysis
Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and chi-square test.

Results
None of the patients in our study received SAP within 60 minutes of incision. In 70% cases it was administered within 2 hours of incision and in the remaining 30% it was administered after more than 2 hours. There was no significant difference in the incidence of SSI among these two groups.

Conclusion
NCDC SAP guideline helps in rational use of antimicrobials. Increasing the duration for SAP may be added in the NCDC guidelines. Inclusion of certain additional parameters like weight-based doses and consideration for other comorbidities will help in patient- and procedure-specific SAP. Antimicrobial stewardship should be encouraged in all the hospitals and should follow local antimicrobial resistance pattern. This will assist in therapy decision, policy making, and evidence-based treatment.
Quantum transport in a one-dimensional flux rhombic lattice
Authors: Muraev P.S. , Kolovsky A.R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We analyse stationary current of the bosonic particles in a flux rhombic lattice connecting two particle reservoirs. For vanishing interparticle interactions the current is shown to monotonically decrease as the flux is increased and become strictly zero for the Peierls phase equal to π. Nonzero interactions modify this dependence and for moderate interaction strength the current is found to be independent of the flux value.