bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Albatrosses respond adaptively to climate variability by changing variance in a foraging trait
Authors: Patrick Samantha C. , Martin Julien G. A. , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Corbeau Alexandre , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability of individuals and populations to adapt to a changing climate is a key determinant of population dynamics. While changes in mean behaviour are well studied, changes in trait variance have been largely ignored, despite being assumed to be crucial for adapting to a changing environment. As the ability to acquire resources is essential to both reproduction and survival, changes in behaviours that maximize resource acquisition should be under selection. Here, using foraging trip duration data collected over 7 years on black‐browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) on the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, we examined the importance of changes in the mean and variance in foraging behaviour, and the associated effects on fitness, in response to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Using double hierarchical models, we found no evidence that individuals change their mean foraging trip duration in response to a changing environment, but found strong evidence of changes in variance. Younger birds showed greater variability in foraging trip duration in poor conditions as did birds with higher fitness. However, during brooding, birds showed greater variability in foraging behaviour under good conditions, suggesting that optimal conditions allow the alteration between chick provisioning and self‐maintenance trips. We found weak correlations between sea surface temperature and the ENSO, but stronger links with sea‐level pressure. We suggest that variability in behavioural traits affecting resource acquisition is under selection and offers a mechanism by which individuals can adapt to a changing climate. Studies which look only at effects on mean behaviour may underestimate the effects of climate change and fail to consider variance in traits as a key evolutionary force.
A qualitative study of nurse‐patient communication and information provision during surgical pre‐admission clinics
Authors: Roche Dominic , Jones Aled 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth‐care service users are often being described as ‘co‐producers’ with an active role in their care. However, there are challenges associated with this approach, including how standardization affects personalized care, and the ability of patients to retain high volumes of information.ObjectiveOur study explores patient and nursing perspectives of information provision in the pre‐admission element of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programme, an evidence‐based approach implemented to improve the quality of surgical care. Our analysis has been informed by an evidence‐based model developed by Grande et al Patient Educ Couns. 2014;95:281.Design/Setting and participantsThis was a qualitative study including observations of pre‐admission clinics and semi‐structured interviews across three surgical wards. Patients (n = 21) and registered nurses (n = 21) were purposively selected for interviews.ResultsPatients welcomed the opportunity for active involvement in their care. However, we also identified informational boundaries and how illness and treatment‐related anxieties were barriers to patient engagement with the information provided.DiscussionWe recommend that to support a patient‐centred and individualized approach to patient involvement the ‘information (giving) + activation’ element of Grande et al Patient Educ Couns. 2014;95:281 model be reconfigured to allow for ‘information (giving) + exploration +activation’.ConclusionNurses need to feel empowered to adopt strategies that allow for different informational needs, rather than adopting a one‐size‐fits‐all paternalistic approach.Patient contributionThis study focused on patient involvement and we give thanks to all the patients who took part in interviews and those who allowed us to observe their care.
An intervention of sustainable weight change: Influence of self‐help group and expectations
Authors: Carlén Kristina , Kylberg Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity is one of the most challenging public health problems in Western societies. Group activities are a way to empower individuals to make sustainable lifestyle changes. Self‐help groups enable individuals to share expectations and experiences on an equal basis.ObjectiveThe aim was to find a model for sustainable weight reduction for people with obesity and to evaluate the importance of expectations before entering the weight reduction programme.MethodsPersons with a BMI >30 and aged over 30 years were recruited. Weekly seminars for 6 months with discussions concerning physical activity, eating habits and how to change one's lifestyle occurred. After the seminars, a self‐help group was initiated. The participants were encouraged to express their expectations before each step in the study.ResultsOur findings showed that those who had joined a self‐help group had reduced their weight significantly (−6.0 kg) compared with those who had not (−1.4 kg). Further, those who expressed a more mature expectation of the coming change in behaviour towards a healthy lifestyle showed slightly larger weight reduction (−6.1 kg) than those who expressed low expectations (−3.7 kg).Patient or public contributionParticipants expressed their thoughts and views, which were considered and included in the programme.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the self‐help group can be an essential part of a weight reduction programme. The self‐help group is a novel strategy to strengthen sustainability in reducing weight. The study also highlights the importance of identifying behaviour change expectations before participating in a programme.
Light‐based therapies in the management of rosacea: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Husein‐ElAhmed Husein , Steinhoff Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe current scenario and position of laser and light‐based therapies (LLBT) in the therapeutic rosacea scheme are lacking evidence‐based recommendations and comparisons on efficacy and tolerability among different devices. This article aimed to systematically compare the efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of the pulsed dye laser (PDL) versus other devices.MethodA literature search was conducted in March 2020. Four domains were analyzed throughout the following six outcomes: Spectrophotometer erythema index and percentage of reduction for background erythema, telangiectasia grading scale for telangiectasias, visual analog scale for pain, and physician's assessment and patient’s satisfaction for treatment success.ResultsOur search yielded 423 potentially relevant studies. After removing the excluded and duplicated records, 12 records were assessed for eligibility in the meta‐analysis. Erythema (RR:0.38 95%CI: −0.20‐0.95), telangiectasias (RR:0.54 95%CI: −0.87‐1.94), and the treatment success throughout the physician’s assessment (RR:1.23 95%CI: 0.74‐2.04) and the patient’s satisfaction (RR:1.15 95%CI: 0.73‐1.82) were not significantly different between pulsed dye laser and other LLBT. In the pain domain, PDL was as painful as other LLBT (RR:‐0.23 95%CI: −0.96‐0.49) but more painful than neodymium: yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser (RR:0.84 95%CI: 0.53‐1.14) and less than intense pulsed light (RR:‐1.18 95%CI: −1.56−0.80).ConclusionThis work based on previously published literature demonstrates that the quality of evidence to support any recommendation on LLBT in rosacea is low‐to‐moderate. Among all the available devices, PDL holds the most robust evidence, although in the meta‐analysis the effectiveness was comparable to other LLBT, such as neodymium: yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser (Nd‐YAG) or IPL.
Involvement of RSK phosphorylation in PTTH‐stimulated ecdysone secretion in prothoracic glands of the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Gu S.‐H. , Chen C.‐H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is well known that phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) is involved in prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)‐stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in insect prothoracic glands (PGs). In the present study, we further investigated the downstream signalling pathways. Our results showed that PTTH stimulated p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) phosphorylation at Thr573 in Bombyx mori PGs both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro PTTH stimulation was stage‐ and dose‐dependent. The absence of Ca2+ reduced PTTH‐stimulated RSK phosphorylation. Stimulation of RSK phosphorylation was also observed after treatment with either A23187 or thapsigargin. A phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, U73122, blocked PTTH‐stimulated RSK phosphorylation. These results indicate the involvement of Ca2+ and PLC. Treatment with diphenylene iodonium (DPI), a mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, blocked PTTH‐regulated RSK phosphorylation, indicating its redox regulation. A mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor, U0126, but not a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, decreased PTTH‐stimulated RSK phosphorylation, indicating that ERK is an upstream signalling. A protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, chelerythrine C, inhibited PTTH‐stimulated RSK phosphorylation, and a PKC activator, phorbol 12‐myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated RSK phosphorylation, indicating the involvement of PKC. BI‐D1870, a specific RSK inhibitor, partly prevented PTTH‐stimulated RSK phosphorylation and significantly inhibited PTTH‐stimulated ecdysteroid secretion, indicating that PTTH‐stimulated RSK phosphorylation is involved in ecdysteroidogenesis. Taken together, these data indicate that PTTH activates RSK phosphorylation which plays important roles in PTTH‐stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis.
Introduction “Labour market integration of highly skilled refugees in Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands”
Authors: van Riemsdijk Micheline , Axelsson Linn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue on the labour market integration of highly skilled refugees in Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, three countries that received a large number of asylum seekers in the mid‐2010s. Authorities have devised various policies that aim to speed up the labour market integration process for refugees. This article critically examines normalized assumptions about refugees and the causes for their low employment rates that inform existing labour market integration initiatives. We pay particular attention to highly skilled refugees, who generally want to work but tend to experience difficulties finding employment commensurate with their educational attainment and professional expertise. This issue warrants more attention as one in five refugees in Europe has completed a tertiary education.
Administration of vitamin E attenuates airway inflammation through restoration of Nrf2 in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: Luu Quoc Quang , Cao Thi Bich Tra , Kim Seo‐Hee , Park Hae‐Sim , Shin Yoo Seob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccumulating evidence reveals that ROS is one of the key mediators that contribute to the development of asthma. Studies on antioxidants have shown to have beneficial effects on asthma management. However, we still do not know the precise mechanism, and the effects depend on age. This study was conducted to assess the levels of ROS and the effect of antioxidants in younger and older mice using an eosinophilic asthma model. We analyzed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inflammatory cell counts, and the expression levels of NFκB, Nrf2, EPx, and EDN in the lung tissue, as well as the level of ROS in the lung tissue and BALF. The degree of eosinophilia and the levels of IL‐5, ROS, and NFκB were significantly increased, whereas the endogenous levels of vitamin E and Nrf2 were decreased in the lung and BALF in the older mice compared to younger mice. The administration of vitamin E attenuated AHR, airway inflammation, and the level of IL‐13 and ROS and enhanced the Nrf2 level in the older mice compared to the younger mice. Taken together, vitamin E treatment may have the therapeutic potential through restoration of the Nrf2 level, especially in elderly asthma.
Developing female removal for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in organic pear in the USA and Italy
Authors: Preti Michele , Knight Alan Lee , Mujica María Valentina , Basoalto Esteban , Favaro Riccardo , Angeli Sergio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeventeen trials were conducted using traps baited with kairomone‐based lures to evaluate female removal (FR) as an effective management tactic for codling moth, Cydia pomonella, L., in organic pear, Pyrus communis L., production in Italy and USA during 2019–2020. Studies included paired plots (0.4–1.4 ha) treated with or without 60 traps ha−1 in cultivars Bartlett and Abate Fétel. Paired plots were also treated together with or without mating disruption (MD) and with similar spray programmes. Three‐, four‐, and five‐component lures were used with several trap types: green, clear or green/white bucket traps and orange delta traps. The three‐component lure consisted of (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (sex pheromone, PH), (E,Z)‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate (pear ester, PE) and acetic acid (AA); the four‐component lure was PE, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT), 6‐ethenyl‐2,2,6‐trimethyloxan‐3‐ol (pyranoid linalool oxide, LOX), and AA, and the five‐component lure had PH added. Preliminary studies were also conducted to evaluate the trapping efficacy of non‐saturating bucket traps. A clear bucket trap baited with PE/DMNT/LOX + AA captured 97‐fold more codling moth females than an orange delta trap baited with PH/PE. However, female captures did not differ between traps when both were baited with the four‐component lure. Fruit injury from codling moth was significantly reduced with the implementation of FR in both pear production regions. At harvest, mean fruit protection in the USA studies was 65% and 27% in Italy. This difference was likely associated with the four‐component lure being less effective in Italy than in the USA. Nevertheless, results demonstrate that FR can be a useful approach to remove females immigrating into orchards and as a new tactic to reduce pest pressure in selected areas of orchards allowing both MD and organic insecticide programmes to be more effective. Further studies should investigate the cost‐benefit of matching the intensity of FR to variable pest pressures.
Gut microbial community response to herbicide exposure in a ground beetle
Authors: Giglio Anita , Vommaro Maria Luigia , Gionechetti Fabrizia , Pallavicini Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGut microbiota plays a key role in physiological processes of insects, including nutritional metabolism, development, immunity and detoxification. Environmental stressors such as herbicides, used to optimize and improve crop yields, may interfere with the mutualistic relationships causing negative consequences for the host health. Dinitroaniline herbicides, for example pendimethalin, are used worldwide in pre‐emergence application to control grass and some broadleaf weeds. They target microtubules to arrest cell division and inhibit the development of roots and shoots. Effects of a pendimethalin‐based herbicide were assessed on the gut microbial community of Pterostichus melas italicus Dejean, 1828 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). The exposure effect was tested in vivo by using a recommended field rate (4 L per ha, 330 gL−1 of active ingredient) and evaluating the variability of responses in 21 days, corresponding to the half‐life of pendimethalin. The 16S rRNA sequencing data showed that the gut lumen was dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes. The exposure interfered with the bacterial community richness and diversity associated with the gut from 2 days after the treatment. The differential abundance analyses highlighted a shift involving Lactobacillaceae, Streptomycetaceae, Neisseriaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. An increase in species such as Enterobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pantoea sp and Paracoccus sp. involved in the herbicide degradation was also recorded after 21 days of exposure. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis indicated that the exposure has effects on the most predicted functional categories of gut microbiota related to metabolic function including carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism. These results demonstrate that pendimethalin can impact microbial communities associated with generalist predators inhabiting croplands leading to severe implications for the species’ ecological role. Understanding the effects of herbicides such as pendimethalin on ground beetles may help to protect beneficial soil insects that have a crucial role in the ecosystem services.
Robust deep learning optical autofocus system applied to automated multiwell plate single molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Lightley Jonathan , Görlitz Frederik , Kumar Sunil , Kalita Ranjan , Kolbeinsson Arinbjorn , Garcia Edwin , Alexandrov Yuriy , Bousgouni Vicky , Wysoczanski Riccardo , Barnes Peter , Donnelly Louise , Bakal Chris , Dunsby Christopher , Neil Mark A.A. , Flaxman Seth , French Paul M.W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe presenta robust, long‐range optical autofocus system for microscopy utilizing machine learning. This can be useful for experiments with long image data acquisition times that may be impacted by defocusing resulting from drift of components, for example due to changes in temperature or mechanical drift. It is also useful for automated slide scanning or multiwell plate imaging where the sample(s) to be imaged may not be in the same horizontal plane throughout the image data acquisition. To address the impact of (thermal or mechanical) fluctuations over time in the optical autofocus system itself, we utilize a convolutional neural network (CNN) that is trained over multiple days to account for such fluctuations. To address the trade‐off between axial precision and range of the autofocus, we implement orthogonal optical readouts with separate CNN training data, thereby achieving an accuracy well within the 600 nm depth of field of our 1.3 numerical aperture objective lens over a defocus range of up to approximately +/–100 μm. We characterize the performance of this autofocus system and demonstrate its application to automated multiwell plate single molecule localization microscopy.
Prospect Theory and Stock Market Anomalies
Authors: BARBERIS NICHOLAS , JIN LAWRENCE J. , WANG BAOLIAN 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe present a new model of asset prices in which investors evaluate risk according to prospect theory and examine its ability to explain 23 prominent stock market anomalies. The model incorporates all of the elements of prospect theory, accounts for investors' prior gains and losses, and makes quantitative predictions about an asset's average return based on empirical estimates of the asset's return volatility, return skewness, and past capital gain. We find that the model can help explain a majority of the 23 anomalies.
Procedural justice and legal socialization among juvenile offenders: The role of defense attorneys
Authors: Shook Jeffrey J. , Goodkind Sara , Kolivoski Karen M. , Ballentine Kess L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch is increasingly focusing on how young people interpret their experiences with the legal system and whether and how this shapes attitudes and beliefs about the system. This study adds to the extant literature by examining the relationship between perceptions of procedural justice and attitudes toward the law and legal system for a sample of youth (N = 227) in residential placements. Specifically, it focuses on how youths’ perceptions of their defense attorneys shape their attitudes toward the legal system. Results demonstrate that youth who feel they were treated more fairly by their defense attorneys viewed the police and courts as more legitimate. White youth viewed the police as more legitimate than did youth of color and girls viewed courts as less legitimate than did boys. Attitudes toward the legal system were also related to other contextual characteristics.
A daily dose of fish oil increased the omega‐3 index in older adults and reduced their heart rate during a walking activity: A pilot study
Authors: Anthony Ryan , Brown Marc A. , Walton Karen L. , McLennan Peter L. , Peoples Gregory E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis pilot study sought to determine whether a low, supplemental intake of fish oil would raise the Omega‐3 Index (O3I) and improve physical fitness in healthy older adults. Participants (70 ± 3 years) were randomised to 2 g/day of either sunola oil (control; n = 8, 62.5% female) (1700 mg/day oleic acid) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐rich fish oil (FO; n = 9, 55.6% female) [delivering 560 mg/day DHA and 140 mg/day eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] for 16 weeks. The O3I, physical fitness, 400 m walking speed and heart rate (HR) parameters were assessed. O3I was increased after FO (mean ± SD, control: pre 6.1 ± 0.8, post 5.9 ± 0.6; FO: pre 6.0 ± 0.6, post 8.3 ± 1.2 p < 0.05). Mean lowest overnight HR (control: pre 58 ± 6, post 58 ± 6; FO: pre 55 ± 6, post 52 ± 6 bpm, p < 0.05) and mean HR during fast walking (control: pre 120 ± 6, post 124 ± 7; FO: pre 122 ± 6, post 115 ± 6 bpm, p < 0.01) were reduced in the FO group without a change in walking speed (control: pre 1.55 ± 0.17, post 1.58 ± 0.20; FO: pre 1.59 ± 0.15, post 1.59 ± 0.18 m/s), HR variability or physical fitness. The changes in lowest resting HR and fast walking HR significantly correlated (inversely) with the changes in O3I. This nutritional approach of providing dietary achievable DHA offers a potential opportunity to reduce cardiovascular strain during physical activity in the older adult.
Misclassification of calcium status in end‐stage kidney disease using albumin‐adjusted calcium levels
Authors: Law Mandy M. , Smith Joel D. , Schneider Hans G. , Wilson Scott 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlbumin‐adjusted calcium remains widely used in clinical practice with guidelines for chronic kidney disease (CKD) mineral bone disorder recommending the use of serum calcium for monitoring. This is despite ionized calcium being the biologically active fraction. This study aimed to investigate the ability of total calcium and albumin‐adjusted calcium to correctly assign calcium status in stage 5/5D CKD across non‐dialysis, haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.MethodsOver a 6‐months, 352 paired serum and ionized calcium samples were collected from stage 5 (n = 58) and 5D (n = 294, 196 haemodialysis, 98 peritoneal dialysis) CKD patients in a tertiary‐hospital setting. Albumin‐adjusted calcium was calculated using the modified‐Payne formula. Ionized calcium was the reference standard. The agreement between the two methods in assigning calcium status was assessed using Cohen's weighted kappa (κ) statistic.ResultsAlbumin‐adjusted calcium was a poor predictor of calcium status compared to ionized calcium in stage 5/5D CKD (observed agreement 0.42, weighted κ 0.20, 95% CI 0.15–0.26). Dialysis dependence was associated with worse agreement (observed agreement 0.38, weighted κ 0.14, 95% CI 0.09–0.19). Total calcium was more reliable, however, remained inaccurate. Calcium status was not more accurately classified in those with higher albumin levels ≥30 g/L (observed agreement 0.47, weighted κ 0.23, 95% CI 0.10–0.36).ConclusionTotal calcium provides better approximation of calcium status than albumin‐adjusted calcium in stage 5/5D CKD. Albumin‐adjusted calcium tends to ‘overcorrect’ serum calcium upward. Clinicians should use ionized calcium where accurate measure of calcium is indicated, with total calcium used as the next best option where resources are limited.