bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraocular Pressure Control and Visual Outcome in Patients With Phacolytic Glaucoma Managed by Extracapsular Cataract Extraction With or Without Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Mandal Anil K , Gothwal Vijaya K 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term intraocular pressure (1OP) control and visual outcome of patients with phacolytic glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-five consecutive eyes of 45 patients with phacolytic glaucoma operated on between January 1990 and December 1995 and who had completed at least 1 year of followup were included in the study. Of the 45 eyes, 17 eyes underwent extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with primary posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation (group 1). The rest of the eyes (n = 28) underwent only ECCE (group 2) in view of satisfactory aphakic vision in the contralateral eye. Preoperative IOP, visual acuity, and anterior segment appearance were compared with postoperative data.
* RESULTS: IOP was controlled (IOP < 21 mm Hg) in all of the patients without any antiglaucoma medication, with a mean follow-up of 29.11 ± 16.25 months (range 12 to 60) and 43.2 ± 21.5 (12 to 78) months in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The IOP remained controlled without antiglaucoma medication even in the patients where the desired visual recovery was not obtained due to glaucomatous disc damage because of delayed presentation (2 to 3 weeks or more). A visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 76.5% and 60.7% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Eighteen of the 45 patients initially presented with light perception without projection. Eight of these 1 8 patients (44%) regained a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. There was no significant intraoperative and postoperative complication in any patient.
* CONCLUSIONS: ECCE with or without primary PC IOL implantation is safe and curative in patients with phacolytic glaucoma. The addition of trabeculectomy to cataract extraction seems to be superfluous in the control of IOP in patients with phacolytic glaucoma operated on within 2 to 3 weeks of the onset of symptoms. Light perception without projection is not a contraindication for cataract surgery in phacolytic glaucoma.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:880-889.]
Fat-Conserving Aesthetic Lower Blepharoplasty
Authors: Fante Robert G , Baker Shan R 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a variation on lower eyelid fat-conserving blepharoplasty as a treatment for several facets of periorbital aging, especially eyelid fat protrusion and skeletonization of the inferior orbital rim.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 14 consecutive patients at an academic center who underwent fat-conserving lower blepharoplasty over an 8-month period. Independent evaluation of surgical success was performed by two experienced surgeons.
* RESULTS: Fat-conserving blepharoplasty corrected skeletonization of the inferior orbital rim in 13 of 14 cases, and was moderately effective at correction of lower eyelid fat protrusion and wrinkles. There were no complications.
* CONCLUSION: Fat-conserving lower blepharoplasty is a safe and effective surgical technique for reduction of visibility of the bony orbital rim and can complement other procedures used to improve signs of aging in the periorbital region.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:41-47]
Intravitreal Clindamycin and Dexamethasone for Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis
Authors: Kishore Kamal , Conway Mandi D , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To pre sent a new method for the management of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (TRC).
* METHODS: The patients were females ranging in age from 10 to 61 years (average 26.5). Four eyes of 4 patients were treated with intravitreal injections of 1 .0 mg clindamycin in 0.1 mL and 1.0 mg of dexamethasone in 0.1 mL. The injections were given under general or peribulbar anesthesia. Three patients continued one systemic drug. Follow-up ranged from 11 to 26 months (mean 17.5).
* RESULTS: A favorable response was noted in each eye within two weeks after the intravitreal injections. All patients required 2 to 4 intravitreal injections in the affected eye for the control of TRC. Visual acuity improved in each eye. The disc and macula were preserved in all eyes. Recurrence was noted in one case, which responded to a repeated intravitreal injection of clindamycin and dexamethasone.
* CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injections of clindamycin and dexamethasone are well tolerated and may offer an additional strategy to treat TRC in patients who are unable to afford or tolerate systemic therapy, or whose disease progresses despite systemic therapy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:183-192]
Hydrodissection of Conjunctival Flap During Trabeculectomy in Eyes With Conjunctival Scarring Caused By Trachoma
Authors: Mitra Sandip , Ganesh Anuradha 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Conjunctival scarring caused by trachoma represents a substantial challenge even to the most experienced cataract/glaucoma surgeon. We describe a simple technique of hydrodissection of conjunctival flap during combined trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification in eyes with conjunctival scarring caused by trachoma, and discuss its impact on surgical outcome.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in 10 Omani patients, aged 48 to 83 who underwent combined trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The conjunctival flap was prepared after hydrodissection using a mixture of 1 mL of balanced salt solution (BSS) and 1 mL of lignocaine 2% with 1:200 000 adrenaline. Outcome measures that were evaluated were visual function, intraocular pressure (IOP) and bleb characteristics. Patients were followedup postoperatively for a minimum period of 6 months.
* RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 60.4 years (48-83) and a functioning bleb after 6 months was seen in 8 (80%) cases. IOP < 20 mm of Hg (applanation tonometry) without antiglaucoma medications was found in 8 cases; 1 case required one antiglaucoma medication and 1 case required more than one antiglaucoma medication for control of IOP. The latter was reoperated for control of IOP. Nonprogression of visual field was found in 8 (80%) cases.
* CONCLUSION: Preparation of conjunctival flap by hydrodissection was found to be a simple modification of the conventional technique during combined trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification in trachomatous eyes. It reduced conjunctival dissection, use of cautery and possibility of button-holing of the conjunctiva during dissection in scarred eyes. The minimal tissue dissection involved in this procedure reduced wound healing and thereby increased chances of a functioning bleb, control of IOP and nonprogression of visual field compared to combined surgery employing a conventional method (nonhydrodissection method) of conjunctival flap dissection.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:213-219]
Management of Posteriorly Dislocated Introcular Lens: A New Technique
Authors: Santos Arturo , Roig-Melo Enrique A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Many surgical techniques have been described in the management of posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens (IOLs). Lifting the IOL off the retina is a critical step during the surgical procedure. We describe a new simple and effective technique using an extrusion cannula that offers many advantages to lift the IOL in a safer and more controlled way. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:260-262]
Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage as a Complication of Vitrectomy
Authors: Ghoraba Hammouda Hamdi , Zayed Amin Ismail 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors, management, and end results of suprachoroidal hemorrhage that occur during or after vitrectomy.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study involves patients suffering from this complication either during the curing process or immediately after vitrectomy. Preoperative risk factors, operative management, postoperative picture, and end results are reported.
* RESULTS: During the study period, surgery was performed on 3342 patients with primary vitrectomy. Complications were experienced by 4 patients: 2 occurred near the end of vitrectomy, and 2 in the first postoperative day. The 4 patients were myopic more than 7 diopters, 2 were Pseudophakic and 2 were aphakic. Cryopexy was used to treat the retinal breaks in the operative cases. Perfluorophenanthrene was used as a postoperative tamponade in one operative case. Reoperation was done in the 4 patients 3 to 8 weeks after surgery. Silicone oil was used as a prolonged tamponade in all cases. Hypotony persisted in operative cases. All the patients had vision more than 20/400 at the end of follow-up (6 to 24 months).
* CONCLUSION: The risk factors for suprachoroidal hemorrhage were old age, high myopia, aphakia or pseudophakia, retinal detachment, and scleral buckle. Postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage has a better prognosis than the operative type. Perfluorophenanthrene "vitreon" as an operative and postoperative tamponade has a beneficial effect in keeping the retina attached and in preventing pooling of blood under the macula.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:281-288]
Evaluation of Glutaraldehyde and Povidone Iodine for Sterilization of Wide-Field Contact Vitrectomy Lenses
Authors: Das Taraprasad , Sharma Savitri , Singh Jagroop , Rao D Venkateswar , Chalam Kakarla V 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Widefield vitrectomy contact lenses are currently sterilized with ethylene oxide gas, and other lenses with autoclaving. To maintain a large inventory or possibly run the risk of loss of lens quality with repeated autoclaving, glutaraldehyde 2% and povidone iodine 5% solution were evaluated as possible sterilizing agents.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethylene oxide presterilized lenses were contaminated with known concentrations (105 organisms/mL) of bacteria (S epidemidis, P aeruginosa, B subtilis), and fungi (A flavus, C albicans) for 5 minutes. The test lenses were treated with glutaraldehyde or povidone iodine for 5, 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, and controls with sterilized water for a similar duration. Following treatment, both test and control lenses were sampled with sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were cultured for bacteria (tryptone soya broth 48 hours), and fungi (Saubourd's dextrose broth 5 days).
* RESULTS: The culture was negative for both glutaraldehyde- and povidone iodine-treated lenses against all organisms at all time points except B subtilis, which needed 120 minutes treatment.
* CONCLUSION: Two hours contact time with glutaraldehyde 2% or providone iodine 5% can sterilize vitrectomy contact lenses against common bacteria and fungi without affecting lens quality.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:300-304]
Clinically Significant Corneal Astigmatism and Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Slusher M Madison , Ford Jerry G , Busbee Brandon 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: To report a rare and previously unappreciated potential wound-related complication of repeat pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with anterior segment surgery.
METHODS: From a total of 135 patients who had undergone PPV over a period of 1 5 months, 7 patients were identified on the basis of a visually disabling degree of astigmatism persisting at 3 to 4 months following their surgery. These patients were retrospectively studied from the standpoint of the numbers and combination of procedures they had experienced. Videokeratoscopy was employed as an objective method of documenting the astigmatism.
RESULTS: The average astigmatism at the corneal plane in these 7 eyes was 4.5 diopters (D). In the 5 patients who required suture lysis for visual rehabilitation, the average corneal astigmatism was slightly greater than 5.0 D. In all cases, the astigmatism was a symmetric "bow-tie" pattern and was in the meridian corresponding to the superonasal and inferotemporal sclerotomies. All 5 of the patients requiring suture lysis had undergone repeat PPV through the same sclerotomies; all had their astigmatism reduced to an average of 1.5 D.
CONCLUSION: Visually disabling astigmatism present months after surgery is almost certainly a rare, wound-related complication of PPV, but remains a previously unappreciated possibility in eyes undergoing repeat procedures through the same sclerotomies. Videokeratoscopy provides a reliable and rapid method of detection, while suture lysis in the steep axis represents a simple remedy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:5-8]
Relation Between Retinal Thickening and Clinically Visible Fundus Pathologies in Mild Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Nishiwaki Hirokazu , Shahidi Mehnaz , Vitale Susan , Alexander Judith , Asrani Sanjay , Mori Marek , Blair Norman P , Zeimer Ran 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of retinal thickening (RT) with clinically observable retinal pathologies in eyes with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using an objective quantitative imaging method (Retinal Thickness Analyzer), the ratio relative to normal RT (RTI) was measured in 23 eyes with and 35 eyes without clinically observable diabetic rundus pathology. RTI was analyzed in relation to presence of mild diabetic retinal lesions in the ±0.5 mm vicinity.
* RESULTS: The percent of eyes with RTI significantly above normal values did not differ significantly between eyes with and without retínopathy (30% vs 34%). Mean RTI was not associated with local presence of microaneurysms (P=0.92), soft exudates (P=Q. 55), or retinal hemorrhages (P=0.31). Areas without hard exudates had significantly greater mean RTI (1.10) than areas with exudates (0.97, P=0.009).
* CONCLUSION: In diabetic patients with mild retinopathy, areas with and without clinically observable retinal pathologies had similar retinal thickness. We conclude that clinical strategies for detection of retinal thickening should not be limited to areas with visible fundus pathologies.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:127-134.]
Ocular Toxicity of Intravitreal Tacrolimus
Authors: Passos Elke , Genaidy Mahmoud M , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ocular toxicity of intravitreally administered tacrolimus, a drug with potent immunosuppressive activity.
* METHODS: To evaluate toxicity, tacrolimus was injected into the mídvitreous cavity of 20 eyes of New Zealand pigmented rabbits at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 µg. Control eyes received balanced salt solution. Eyes receiving 1000 µg were given injections of 0.2 mL solution; all others, including controls, received 0.1 mL. Rabbits were examined before the injections by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and an electroretinography test (ERG) was performed. The animals were followed up to 14 days postinjection by clinical examination and ERG. The animals were killed and the eyes were enucleated and processed for light microscopy.
* RESULTS: No evidence of a retinal toxic reaction was seen in the eyes receiving 10 or 50 µg of tacrolimus. One out of 4 eyes that received 1 OO pg of the drug developed a vitreous reaction. All eyes treated with 250 pg or more developed vitreous reaction. One eye injected with 1000 µg of the drug developed occlusion of the temporal retinal vessels. Electroretinography showed decreasing b-wave amplitude with both dark- and lightadapted stimulus in the 500 and 1 000 µg groups, and it was normal in the other groups. Histopathologic sections showed mild disorganization of the retina only at the 500 and 1000 pg dosage.
* CONCLUSIONS: Doses of 10 and 50 ug of tacrolimus are nontoxic to rabbit eyes. Only transient vitreous opacities were observed in the groups that received 100 and 250 pg. Intravitreal doses of 500 and 1000 pg of tacrolimus proved to be toxic to the retina.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33: 140-144]
Outcomes of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Myopes of Five or More Diopters
Authors: Kwok Alvin K H , Cheng Lulu L , Tse Marvin W I , Cheung Eva Y Y , Lam Dennis S C 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To analyze surgical outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in high myopes.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 201 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgeries for primary retinal detachments were reviewed. Fiftytwo eyes of 51 patients with at least 5.00 diopters (D) of myopia were included.
* RESULTS: The mean refractive error was -9.8 ± 5.4 D (mean ± SD). Macula was off in 29 (55.8%) eyes. Thirty-six (69.2%) and 16 (30.8%) eyes received scleral buckling (SB) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), respectively. Primary anatomical success rate was 86.1% and 75.0% in the SB and PPV group, respectively. The anatomical success rate after 2 operations was 94.4% and 100% in the SB and PPV group, respectively. Twenty-three (63.1%) patients from SB group and 10 (62.5%) patients from PPV group attained postoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/60 or better.
* CONCLUSION: The anatomical and visual outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in myopes of five or more diopters seem favorable after surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:188-194]
Internal Sclerostomy With the Er:YAG Laser Using a Gradient-Index (GRIN) Endoscope
Authors: Mizota Atsushi , Takasoh Michihiko , Kobayashi Katsuhiko , Parel Jean-Marie , Manns Fabrice , Rol Pascal 
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To show that sclerostomy, a glaucoma filtering surgery, can be performed using an Er: YAG laser. Scarring at the filtering site, a recurrent problem, may be reduced through proper positioning of the sclerostomy by using an intraocular endoscope.* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ab interno fullthickness sclerostomies were performed on eye bank eyes with an Er: YAG laser through a custom made optical delivery system. The intraocular laser probe consisted of a low OH silica fiber inserted in a metallic tapered sheathing. A rigid intraocular endoscope based on grathent-index lenses allowed visualization of the filtration site.* RESULTS: A clear view of the anterior chamber angle was obtained through the endoscope, allowing for precise location of the sclerostomy. Full-thickness sclerostomies could then be performed at the desired location. Histologic sections showed thermal necrosis less than 50 um thick in tissue adjacent to the sclerostomy.* CONCLUSIONS: A sclerostomy performed with a combined procedure using an EnYAG laser and intraocular endoscopy increases the speed of the procedure. The use of a high-resolution intraocular endoscope may increase the success rate of ab interno laser glaucoma surgeries.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:214-220]
Quantitative Assessment of Aqueous Flare: The Effect of Age and Pupillary Dilation
Authors: El-Harazi Sherif M , Ruiz Richard S , Feldman Robert M , Chuang Alice Z , Villanueva Guillermina 
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of age and pupillary dilation on aqueous flare.
* METHODS: In this study, 100 eyes of 100 patients ranging in ages from 23 to 84 years were examined. Anterior chamber flare was measured before and after pupillary dilation using the Kowa laser flare meter (FM-500). Predilation and postdilation flare counts were compared by paired t-test. Stepwise regression analysis was then used to determine the effect of demographic variables on pre- and postdilation flare as well as the difference between preand postdilation flare counts.
* RESULTS: The predilation and postdilation flare counts correlated with age (/*<0.0001 for both preand postdilation flare counts). Correlation coefficient between age and flare measurements was R2=0.58 predilation and 0.63 postdilation. Flare intensity signifìcantly decreased after pupillary dilation (P<0.001).
* CONCLUSIONS: Anterior chamber flare increases with age. It might be related to blood-aqueous barrier instability. Pupillary dilation significandy decreases flare counts suggesting that aqueous protein concentration is dependent on aqueous flow rates.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:379-382]
Uniconnected solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation arising from self-maps of groups
Authors: Rump Wolfgang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSet-theoretic solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation can be classified by their universal coverings and their fundamental groupoids. Extending previous results, universal coverings of irreducible involutive solutions are classified in the degenerate case. These solutions are described in terms of a group with a distinguished self-map. The classification in the nondegenerate case is simplified and compared with the description in the degenerate case.
Associations Among Depression, Leisure-time and Occupational Physical Activity of Health Care Providers in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital Setting
Authors: Aliyu E.S. , Adeniyi A.F. 
Published: April 2021

Physical activity (PA) has been consistently associated with enhanced quality of life. The tight schedule of duty of health care workers may predispose them to physical inactivity and psychosocial morbidities which most of them tend to ignore while rendering services to others. The prevalence of depression among Nigerian health care workers and its association with PA is not known. This study investigated the levels of leisure-time and occupational PA and their association with depression among health care providers in a Nigerian tertiary hospital setting. The research was a cross-sectional survey of 734 health care providers. The Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale were used to assess leisure-time PA, occupational PA and depression respectively. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at α= 0.05. The mean age of participants was 39.6 ± 9.4 years (range 22-57 years). Nearly half of the health care providers (46.2%) reported low participation or insufficient leisure-time PA that could provide substantial health benefits, while 20.2% participated in leisure-time PA that could give some health benefits and 33.7% participated in leisure-time PA that could give substantial health benefits. Sitting/standing were the main occupational PAs of the majority (96.2%) of the health workers. The overall prevalence for depression was 11.4%. There was a significant association between leisure-time PA and depression (χ2 =18.9, p= 0.016). There was no significant association between occupational PA and depression. There is low participation in leisure-time PA among health care workers and this is linked with depression. Efforts to improve participation in leisure-time PA among workers may help to relieve their depression symptoms.
KEY WORDS: leisure time, occupation, physical activity, depression