bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significantly Photo‐Thermochromic KNN‐Based “Smart Window” for Sustainable Optical Data Storage and Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Lin Jinfeng , Wang Peng , Wang Huajing , Shi Yunjing , Zhu Kun , Yan Fei , Li Guohui , Ye Huihua , Zhai Jiwei , Wu Xiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFerroelectric photo‐thermochromic (PTC) materials with both high coloration contrast and high transparency have attracted great attention for their applications in “smart window” for non‐contact optical information storage. Nevertheless, it has been challenging to develop a ferroelectric PTC material that simultaneously meets the distinct transparency and coloration contrast requirements. Herein, dual rare‐earth ions doping of 1%Er‐(K0.5Na0.5)0.985La0.015NbO6(Er‐KNLN) ferroelectric ceramics is aimed at increasing the optical transmittance and obtaining an ideal coloration contrast. The traditional solid‐state reaction is exploited for ceramics fabrication, and the optimal optical transmittance (≈70% at 900 nm) can be obtained due to finer grains, more symmetrical structure, and compact structure in samples sintered at a suitable temperature (such as ≤1165 °C). Contributed from the trapping and de‐trapping of charge carriers in vacancy‐related defects, the Er‐KNLN ceramics exhibit obvious PTC behavior and the novel impedance modulation is developed. The coupling between PTC behavior and optical transparency, lanthanide up‐conversion emission, patterned display, and room temperature impedance enables nondestructive rewritable and readout characteristics of multi‐mode “0” and “1” states. This work solves the main problems hampering the promising applications of ferroelectric materials and paves a way for developing multifunctional optical memory smart windows.
Dual‐Band Operating Metaholograms with Heterogeneous Meta‐Atoms in the Visible and Near‐Infrared
Authors: Kim Inki , Jeong Heonyeong , Kim Joohoon , Yang Younghwan , Lee Dasol , Badloe Trevon , Kim Gyeongtae , Rho Junsuk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetasurfaces consisting of sub‐wavelength structures have been researched as an alternative ultra‐thin platform for flat optical devices. One promising application is in multifunctional metaholograms for anticounterfeit purposes. By extending the operating wavelength band of conventional meta‐holographic optics, which typically operate only in the visible, it is possible to realize a security‐enhanced anticounterfeit technology. Here, a dual‐band reflective metahologram that operates simultaneously in the visible and near‐infrared domains using heterogeneous meta‐atoms, is proposed. The device consists of both hydrogenated amorphous silicon and gold metasurfaces in the same plane, where the two materials exhibit maximized conversion efficiency at wavelengths of 532 and 980 nm, respectively. The demonstrated wavelength‐multiplexed metahologram can provide a pragmatic path toward a security‐enhanced anticounterfeit technology.
Stereodefined tetraarylethylenes: Synthesis and applications
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Zhao Wanxiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLuminescent materials with efficient aggregate‐state emissions are of growing interest due to their widespread applications in chemo‐/biosensing and optoelectronic devices. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) opens a new avenue for the applications of aggregate‐state luminescent materials. Among the AIE luminogens (AIEgens), tetraarylethylenes (TAEs) are typical AIEgens with a simple molecule scaffold and could be utilized as a framework for further elaboration, enabling structure‐property‐function relationship studies and multi‐functional applications. Since the existing approaches for the preparation of tetraarylethenes (TAEs) typically produce stereoisomeric mixtures, stereoselective synthesis of tetraarylethenes with desired geometry is a great challenge. In this review, we systematically compile the synthetic methodologies for the construction of TAEs in excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities. The virtues and limitations of each methodology are discussed in detail as well. Meanwhile, the applications and the differences of properties between TAEs stereoisomers are introduced.
Effect of plant origin and phenological stage on the allelopathic activity of the invasive species Oxalis pes‐caprae
Authors: Lorenzo Paula , González Luís , Ferrero Victoria 
Published: June 2021

PREMISEInvasion processes involve several mechanisms, some of which have received little attention. Allelopathy has been invoked as an invasion driver according to the novel weapon hypothesis (NWH), and polyploidization can also be an important factor for invasion success. However, very few studies have addressed both topics together. We analyzed the allelopathic effect of the polyploid Oxalis pes‐caprae, an invader in mediterranean‐climate areas worldwide, from different origins and ploidy levels (native: South Africa; invaded: Chile, Australia, California, and the Mediterranean Basin) on Lactuca sativa as a model species.METHODSWe measured seed germination, initial plant height, and aboveground and belowground biomass of Lactuca grown in field soil mixed with Oxalis material and with or without activated carbon in a common garden experiment. We performed the experiment twice, when Oxalis was vigorous and when senescent.RESULTSVigorous plants of Oxalis tended to reduce Lactuca germination, but both vigorous and senescent Oxalis plants increased Lactuca biomass, probably due to an increase in nutrients provided by plant material. The highest increase in Lactuca traits occurred with Oxalis plants from the Iberian Peninsula. Allelopathy only happened when Oxalis was senescent and was especially strong with plants from Chile.CONCLUSIONSAlthough we did not find broad evidence for the NWH considering all areas together, we reported differences in the allelopathic potential of Oxalis plants depending on their origin. These results highlight the independent evolution of invasiveness traits in distant introduced ranges and the importance of the invaders’ origin when testing hypotheses about invasion drivers.
Fragmentation in the future of work: A horizon scan examining the impact of the changing nature of work on workers experiencing vulnerability
Authors: Jetha Arif , Shamaee Ali , Bonaccio Silvia , Gignac Monique A. M. , Tucker Lori B. , Tompa Emile , Bültmann Ute , Norman Cameron D. , Banks Cristina G. , Smith Peter M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe future of work is characterized by changes that could disrupt all aspects of the nature and availability of work. Our study aims to understand how the future of work could result in conditions, which contribute to vulnerability for different groups of workers.MethodsA horizon scan was conducted to systematically identify and synthesize diverse sources of evidence, including academic and gray literature and resources shared over social media. Evidence was synthesized, and trend categories were developed through iterative discussions among the research team.ResultsNine trend categories were uncovered, which included the digital transformation of the economy, artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning‐enhanced automation, AI‐enabled human resource management systems, skill requirements for the future of work; globalization 4.0, climate change and the green economy, Gen Zs and the work environment; populism and the future of work, and external shocks to accelerate the changing nature of work. The scan highlighted that some groups of workers may be more likely to experience conditions that contribute to vulnerability, including greater exposure to job displacement or wage depression. The future of work could also create opportunities for labor market engagement.ConclusionThe future of work represents an emerging public health concern. Exclusion from the future of work has the potential to widen existing social and health inequities. Thus, tailored supports that are resilient to changes in the nature and availability of work are required for workers facing vulnerability.
Macrodiolide Diversification Reveals Broad Immunosuppressive Activity That Impairs the cGAS‐STING Pathway
Authors: Liu Han , Ottosen Rasmus N. , Jennet Kira M. , Svenningsen Esben B. , Kristensen Tobias F. , Biltoft Mette , Jakobsen Martin R. , Poulsen Thomas B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of new immunomodulatory agents can impact various areas of medicine. In particular, compounds with the ability to modulate innate immunological pathways hold significant unexplored potential. Herein, we report a modular synthetic approach to the macrodiolide natural product (−)‐vermiculine, an agent previously shown to possess diverse biological effects, including cytotoxic and immunosuppressive activity. The synthesis allows for a high degree of flexibility in modifying the macrocyclic framework, including the formation of all possible stereoisomers. In total, 18 analogues were prepared. Two analogues with minor structural modifications showed clearly enhanced cancer cell line selectivity and reduced toxicity. Moreover, these compounds possessed broad inhibitory activity against innate immunological pathways in human PBMCs, including the DNA‐sensing cGAS‐STING pathway. Initial mechanistic characterization suggests a surprising impairment of the STING‐TBK1 interaction.
Triple‐Vertex Linkage of (BO4)‐Tetrahedra in a Borosulfate: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Quantum‐Chemical Investigation of Sr[B3O(SO4)4(SO4H)]
Authors: Pasqualini Leonard C. , Huppertz Hubert , Je Minyeong , Choi Heechae , Bruns Jörn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBorosulfates are classified as silicate analogue materials. The number of crystallographically characterized compounds is still limited, whereas the structural diversity is already impressive. The anionic substructures of borosulfates exhibit vertex‐connected (BO4)‐ and (SO4)‐tetrahedra, whereas bridging between two (SO4)‐ or even between two (BO4)‐tetrahedra is scarce. The herein presented compound Sr[B3O(SO4)4(SO4H)] is the first borosulfate with a triple‐vertex linkage of three (BO4) tetrahedra via one common oxygen atom. DFT calculations complement the experimental studies. Bader charges (calculated for all atoms) as well as charge‐density calculations give hint to the electron distribution within the anionic substructure and density‐of‐states calculations support the interpretation of the bonding situation.
Interactions between affect, cognition, and information behavior in the context of fibromyalgia
Authors: Chen Annie T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is widely recognized that affect and cognition can have a profound influence on information behavior. However, how these factors affect information behavior in the context of chronic, stigmatized conditions is less clear. This study employed a qualitative approach to explore the interrelatedness of affect, cognition, and information behavior among persons with fibromyalgia. Persons with fibromyalgia were recruited using multiple recruitment strategies (e.g., listservs and social media) for an interview study. The interview guided participants to tell their story as they drew a timeline. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods based on the Grounded Theory Methodology. Participants' narratives illustrated that affect and cognition had diverse effects on participants' information and health behaviors: uncertainty and negative affect promoted information seeking; affect and information facilitated reconceptualization and self‐growth; and online venues facilitated venting, gave rise to validating experiences, and provided opportunities to help others. This study's findings contribute to extant knowledge by connecting affect, cognition, and action in long‐term health management. The study also provides recommendations for practice: a need to focus on practical management strategies in information provision, develop information resources to address the needs of diverse populations, and promote empathy and awareness concerning invisible conditions.
Asymmetric Sulfoxidation of Thioether Catalyzed by Soybean Pod Shell Peroxidase to Form Enantiopure Sulfoxide in Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsions: A Kinetic Model
Authors: Li Huiling , Deng Yashan , Du ShanShan , Liu Cui , Li Kaiyuan , Xue Xiao , Xu Hui , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yi Tingting , Gao Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEsomeprazole with chiral sulfoxides structure is used to treat gastric ulcer disease. Soybean pod shell peroxidase (SPSP) is a peroxidase extracted from soybean pods shells which are one of the most abundant natural resources in the world. In the production of chiral sulfoxides catalyzed by SPSP, it is very important to establish the reaction kinetic model and explore the reaction mechanism for the development of the process, however, there is no report on the establishment of the model. Asymmetric sulfoxidation reactions catalyzed by SPSP in water‐in‐oil microemulsions were carried out, and the King‐Altman approach was used to establish a kinetic model. A yield of 91% and e.e. value of 96% for esomeprazole were obtained at the activity of SPSP of 3200 U ml−1 and 50 °C for 5 h. The mechanism with a two‐electron reduction of SPSP‐I is accompanied with a single‐electron transfer to SPSP‐I and nonenzymatic reactions, indicating that three concomitant sub‐mechanisms contribute to the asymmetric oxidation involving five enzymatic and two nonenzymatic reactions, which can represent the asymmetric sulfoxidation of organic sulfides to form enantiopure sulfoxides. With 5.44% of the average relative deviation, a kinetic model fitting experimental data was developed. The enzymatic reactions may follow ping‐pong mechanism with substrate inhibition of H2O2 and product inhibition of esomeprazole, while nonenzymatic reactions follow a power law. Those results indicate that SPSP with a lower cost and higher thermal stability may be used as an effective substitute for horseradish peroxidase.
Co‐Catalysis for Hydroamidocarbonylation of Alkynes with Amides over a Bifunctional Ligand‐Based Pd Catalyst
Authors: Yang Da , Zhou Guang‐Zhao , Zhang Long‐Li , Liu Huan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe hydroamidocarbonylation of alkynes with amides allows for the synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated imides with the advantage of 100% atomic economy. Herein, the bifunctional ligand (L1) containing a sulfonic acid group (‐SO3H) and phosphino‐fragment enable the Pd catalyst to accomplish the hydroamidocarbonylation of alkynes with amides. It was found that, due to an intramolecular synergetic effect, the L1‐based Pd‐catalyst exhibited much higher activity than the individual mechanical mixtures of Xantphos‐based Pd‐complex and MeSO3H. The formation and stability of Pd‐H species were promoted by the presence of L1, which was verified by in situ high‐pressure FT‐IR analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the target products of the branched imides were obtained with yields in the range of 46–87% over the L1‐based Pd‐catalyst. Advantageously, as an ionic ligand, the L1‐based Pd‐catalyst could be recycled for 4 runs in the ionic liquid of [Bmim]NTf2 without any obvious activity loss and detectable metal leaching.
Synthesis of 8,12‐Dibromocorrole and Its Transformation to Antiaromatic 8,10‐Fused Iminoisocorrole with a Polarized Resonance Contribution
Authors: Ueta Kento , Nakai Akito , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract8,12‐Dibromo‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)corrole and its Ag(III) complex were prepared via intramolecular oxidative coupling of a 8,12‐dibromobilane precursor. The Ag(III) complex was allowed for further transformation via Suzuki coupling reaction. Thus, 2‐aminophenyl group was coupled at one of the β‐positions, and subsequent demetalation followed by oxidation with MnO2 afforded 8,10‐fused iminoisocorrole in good yields. The iminoisocorrole exhibited weak antiaromaticity due to the C(+)−N(−) polarized resonance contribution as evidenced by 1H NMR spectrum, UV/vis absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations.
Orthonormal shifted discrete Hahn polynomials for a new category of nonlinear variable‐order fractional 2D optimal control problems
Authors: Heydari Mohammad Hossein , Avazzadeh Zakieh , Cattani Carlo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present work provides a formulation for the orthonormal shifted discrete Hahn polynomials on an arbitrary domain. We also extract some useful matrix relationshipsrelating to these discrete polynomials. These polynomials and the obtained relations are employed with the Lagrange multipliers technique to design a numerical method for solving a class of variable‐order (VO) fractional 2D optimization problems subject to Robin boundary value conditions. The proposed method converts the VO fractional system into a system of algebraic equations which readily can be solved. Some numerical examples are studied to validate and illustrate the accuracy of the introduced technique.
Spatial transcriptomics and proteomics technologies for deconvoluting the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Wang Nan , Li Xia , Wang Rongshui , Ding Zhiyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) harbors heterogeneous contents and plays critical roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, the deconvolution of the TME becomes increasingly essential to every aspect of cancer research and treatment. Novel spatially‐resolved high‐plex molecular profiling technologies have been emerging rapidly as powerful tools to obtain in‐depth understanding from TME perspectives due to their capacity to allow high‐plex protein and RNA profiling while keeping valuable spatial information. Based on our practical experience, we review a variety of available spatial proteogenomic technologies, including 10X Visium, GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP), cyclic immunofluorescence‐based CODEX and Multi‐Omyx, mass spectrometry (MS)‐based imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) and multiplex ion‐beam imaging (MIBI). We also discuss FISSEQ, MERFISH, Slide‐seq, and HDST, some of which may become commercially available in the near future. In particular, with our experience, we elaborate on DSP for spatial proteogenomic profiling and discuss its unique features designed for immuno‐oncology and propose anticipation towards its future direction. The emerging spatially technologies are rapidly reshaping the magnitude of our understanding of the TME.
Lamotrigine for acute bipolar depression: An exploratory item‐level analysis
Authors: Peters Evyn M. , Lodhi Rohit J. , Zhang Yanbo , Li Hua , Balbuena Lloyd 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesLamotrigine is used to treat bipolar depression despite inconsistent evidence. Here we present the results of an exploratory item‐level analysis of pooled data from five randomized placebo‐controlled trials of lamotrigine for acute bipolar depression. The goal was to determine if certain depression scale items were more responsive to lamotrigine treatment.MethodsThe pooled sample contained 1072 adult outpatients treated for up to 7–10 weeks. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Change scores on individual scale items were compared between treatment groups.ResultsThere were statistically significant effects on items assessing depressed mood/sadness, lack of interest/anhedonia, pessimism/guilt, and anergia/fatigue, on both scales. However, there was marked variation in the baseline symptom prevalence, and items with higher scores at baseline tended to have larger and statistically significant treatment effects.ConclusionsThe results suggested a significant treatment effect on core symptoms of depression. A floor effect appeared to limit the sensitivity of other scale items. Given the exploratory nature of the analysis, firm conclusions cannot be drawn, although the results were consistent with past research. Relying on total depression scale sum scores over targeted assessments of core depressive symptoms may have impeded signal detection in the original trials.
A comparative analysis of 375 patients with lateral and medial medullary infarction
Authors: Tao Lin‐Shuang , Lin Jing‐Jing , Zou Ming , Chen Song‐Fang , Weng Yi‐Yun , Chen Ke‐Yang , Hu Bei‐Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have compared the etiology and clinical features between pure lateral medullary infarction (LMI) and pure medial medullary infarction (MMI).MethodsAll patients included were hospitalized at The First Affiliated Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2015 to July 2020. Their risk factors, clinical manifestation, stroke mechanisms and short‐term prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAmong the 387 patients enrolled, 266 (68.7%) had LMI, 109 (28.2%) had MMI, and 12 (3.1%) (nine men and three women) had LMI plus MMI. We analyzed the 375 patients of LMI and MMI. The average ages of LMI and MMI were 59.4 years and 62.69 years, respectively. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the existing risk factors of MMI relative to LMI. Prior infarction, poor glycemic control, and atherosclerosis were more frequently associated with MMI than with LMI. The clinical manifestation was significantly different between LMI and MMI. We used modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score as the short‐term prognostic evaluation criteria, and MMI appeared worse than LMI.ConclusionsThis study reveals that: (1) patients with MMI are older than those with LMI; (2) prior infarction, poor glycemic control, and atherosclerosis are independent risk factors of MMI than that of LMI; (3) the clinical manifestations of LMI and MMI are heterogeneous; (4) short‐term prognosis of MMI is worse than LMI.
Trend of recognizing depression symptoms and antidepressants use in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: Population‐based study
Authors: Orayj Khalid , Almeleebia Tahani , Vigneshwaran Easwaran , Alshahrani Sultan , Alavudeen Sirajudeen. S. , Alghamdi Wael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough depression symptoms are common among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the medical literature still reports underrecognition of depression in patients with PD. Our main objective is to examine the trend of depression recognition during the first year of PD diagnosis using large population data.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based study of residents in Wales, using the Secure Anonymized Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. We included newly diagnosed patients with PD aged 40 years or older with a first PD diagnosis between 2000 and 2015. Depression and antidepressants related data were extracted from SAIL. A series of multilevel logistic regressions were run to determine the factors affecting depression recognition. The results were presented using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe study included 6596 patients with PD. About 38% of patients had a recorded code of antidepressants, depression diagnosis, or both within the first year of PD diagnosis. There was a significant association of depression diagnosis, antidepressant use, or both with the year of PD diagnosis (OR 0.972, 95% CI 0.962–0.983). We also found that patients who used monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO‐B inhibitors) were associated with a lower depression diagnosis, use antidepressants, or both, compared to those who did not use MAO‐B inhibitors (OR 0.769, 95% CI 0.627–0.943).ConclusionThere is a slight decrease in depression recognition in PD patients between 2000 and 2015, which could be due to an increase in depression recognition during the prodromal phase of PD.