bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Społeczno‑polityczny rozwój Zakarpacia (1991‑2014)
Authors: Ostapec Jurij 
Published: January 2021

Social‑Political Development of Transcarpatia
The author of the article has analyzed the social‑political development of Transcarpathia and the factors conditioning it. The author has performed the periodization of the mentioned development on the basis of criteria of dominance/conflict of political elites in the region. Four periods have been distinguished: the first − 1991‑2004 − the period of formation of the local authority and dominance of Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) in it; the second − 2004‑2010 − the structuring of political space in the oblast after the 2004 presidential election; the third − starting from 2010 − changes in the structure of power relations in Transcarpathia after the presidential elections in 2010; the fourth − starting from 2014 − formation of a new system of government after the Ukrainian Revolution (December 2013 − February 2014). Much attention has been paid to the electoral process in the region, as election results have an impact on politics and society of the region. The parliamentary, presidential and local elections have been considered as well as their impact on social and political development of the region. Regional specificity of social and political development of Transcarpathia has been consditioned by the following factors: geographical location of the region (border proximity with European Union countries): historical background (participation in elections by party lists to the parliament of Czechoslovakia in 1924, 1925, 1929, 1935, declaration in 1939 of independent state − Carpathian Ukraine and participation in the elections to Soym); social – demographic characteristics of the electorate: the specifics of the formation of regional political elites (dependent on Kyiv); features of the formation and development of the party structure of the region.
Dlaczego Putin wszczął wojnę przeciw Ukrainie?
Authors: Doroszko Mykoła 
Published: January 2021

Why Putin Started War Against Ukraine?
The author analyzes the causes and consequences of undeclared war of Russia against Ukraine. Among the main reasons – the desire to restore Russian leadership’s geopolitical influence in the former Soviet Union by building a new type of empire. In order to reach it official Moscow uses a wide range of tools - from economic pressure and blackmail to armed aggression on the territories of the former USSR. The author is convinced that the annexation of the Crimea and the undeclared war of Russia against Ukraine were the result of revanchist policy of Russian President Vladimir Putin aimed at the return of influential world power status. Achieving this goal involves prevention of Europeanisation and democratization of post-Soviet countries, the main jewel among which is Ukraine. Exit from the influence of Russia is possible, according to the author, through the integration of Ukraine into the EU and NATO.
The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial
Authors: Devine Gregor J. , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo M. , Bibiano-Marín Wilbert , Pavia-Ruz Norma , Che-Mendoza Azael , Medina-Barreiro Anuar , Villegas Josue , Gonzalez-Olvera Gabriela , Dunbar Mike W. , Ong Oselyne , Ritchie Scott A. , Churcher Thomas S. , Kirstein Oscar D. , Manrique-Saide Pablo 
Published: January 2021

Background
In the absence of vaccines or drugs, insecticides are the mainstay of Aedes-borne disease control. Their utility is challenged by the slow deployment of resources, poor community compliance and inadequate household coverage. Novel application methods are required.

Methodology and principal findings
A 10% w/w metofluthrin “emanator” that passively disseminates insecticide from an impregnated net was evaluated in a randomized trial of 200 houses in Mexico. The devices were introduced at a rate of 1 per room and replaced at 3-week intervals. During each of 7 consecutive deployment cycles, indoor resting mosquitoes were sampled using aspirator collections. Assessments of mosquito landing behaviours were made in a subset of houses. Pre-treatment, there were no differences in Aedes aegypti indices between houses recruited to the control and treatment arms. Immediately after metofluthrin deployment, the entomological indices between the trial arms diverged. Averaged across the trial, there were significant reductions in Abundance Rate Ratios for total Ae. aegypti, female abundance and females that contained blood meals (2.5, 2.4 and 2.3-times fewer mosquitoes respectively; P<0.001). Average efficacy was 60.2% for total adults, 58.3% for females, and 57.2% for blood-fed females. The emanators also reduced mosquito landings by 90% from 12.5 to 1.2 per 10-minute sampling period (P<0.05). Homozygous forms of the pyrethroid resistant kdr alleles V410L, V1016L and F1534C were common in the target mosquito population; found in 39%, 24% and 95% of mosquitoes collected during the trial.

Conclusions/Significance
This is the first randomized control trial to evaluate the entomological impact of any volatile pyrethroid on urban Ae. aegypti. It demonstrates that volatile pyrethroids can have a sustained impact on Ae. aegypti population densities and human-vector contact indoors. These effects occur despite the presence of pyrethroid-resistant alleles in the target population. Formulations like these may have considerable utility for public health vector control responses.
Piloting an integrated SARS-CoV-2 testing and data system for outbreak containment among college students: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Packel Laura , Reingold Arthur , Hunter Lauren , Facente Shelley , Li Yi , Harte Anna , Nicolette Guy , Urnov Fyodor D. , Lu Michael , Petersen Maya ,   on behalf of the IGI Testing Consortium
Published: January 2021

BackgroundColleges and universities across the country are struggling to develop strategies for effective control of COVID-19 transmission as students return to campus.Methods and findingsWe conducted a prospective cohort study with students living on or near the UC Berkeley campus from June 1st through August 18th, 2020 with the goal of providing guidance for campus reopening in the safest possible manner. In this cohort, we piloted an alternative testing model to provide access to low-barrier, high-touch testing and augment student-driven testing with data-driven adaptive surveillance that targets higher-risk students and triggers testing notifications based on reported symptoms, exposures, or other relevant information. A total of 2,180 students enrolled in the study, 51% of them undergraduates. Overall, 6,247 PCR tests were administered to 2,178 students over the two-month period. Overall test positivity rate was 0.9%; 2.6% of students tested positive. Uptake and acceptability of regular symptom and exposure surveys was high; 98% of students completed at least one survey, and average completion rate was 67% (Median: 74%, IQR: 39%) for daily reporting of symptoms and 68% (Median: 75%, IQR: 40%) for weekly reporting of exposures. Of symptom-triggered tests, 5% were PCR-positive; of exposure-triggered tests, 10% were PCR-positive. The integrated study database augmented traditional contact tracing during an outbreak; 17 potentially exposed students were contacted the following day and sent testing notifications. At study end, 81% of students selected their desire “to contribute to UC Berkeley’s response to COVID-19” as a reason for their participation in the Safe Campus study.ConclusionsOur results illustrate the synergy created by bringing together a student-friendly, harm reduction approach to COVID-19 testing with an integrated data system and analytics. We recommend the use of a confidential, consequence-free, incentive-based daily symptom and exposure reporting system, coupled with low-barrier, easy access, no stigma testing. Testing should be implemented alongside a system that integrates multiple data sources to effectively trigger testing notifications to those at higher risk of infection and encourages students to come in for low-barrier testing when needed.
Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in Indonesia infants and toddlers post-PCV13 vaccination in a 2+1 schedule: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Prayitno Ari , Supriyatno Bambang , Munasir Zakiudin , Karuniawati Anis , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S. , Prihartono Joedo , Safari Dodi , Sundoro Julitasari , Khoeri Miftahuddin Majid 
Published: January 2021

Background
The PCV13 immunization demonstration program began in October 2017 in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to assess the dynamic changes of pneumococcal serotype before and after PCV13 administration, with two primary and one booster doses.

Methods
The prospective cohort study was conducted as a follow up study measuring the impact of PCV13 demonstration program by the Indonesian Ministry of Health in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from March 2018 to June 2019. The subjects were two-month-old healthy infants who were brought to the primary care facility for routine vaccination and followed until 18 months of age. We use convenience sampling method. There were 115 infants in the control group and 118 infants in the vaccine group, and the PCV immunization was given on a 2+1 schedule. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected four times during the vaccination periods by trained medical staff. Specimens were analyzed by culture methods to detect S. pneumonia colonization and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) to determine serotype. The most frequently detected serotypes will be named as dominant serotypes. Descriptive analysis of demographic characteristics, the prevalence of overall and serotype colonization, and the distribution of serotypes were performed. The prevalence of both cohort groups were compared using chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Two hundred and thirty three infants age two months old were recruited, with 48.9% of the subjects were male and 51.1% of the subjects were female. Sociodemographic data in both cohort groups were relatively equal. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization before PCV13 administration occurred in 19.1% of the control and 22.9% of the vaccine group. The prevalence increased with increasing age in both groups. The prevalence of VT serotypes in control groups aged 2 months, 4 months, 12 months, and 18 months was 40.9%, 44.2%, 53.8%, and 54.3%, respectively, and in the vaccine group, 25.9%, 40.4%, 38.0%, and 22.6%, respectively. The most common VT serotypes in both groups were 6A/6B, 19F, 23F, and 14. The prevalence of VT serotypes decreased significantly compared to non-vaccine type serotypes after three doses of the PCV13 vaccine (p < 0.001). Another notable change was the decline in prevalence of serotype 6A/6B after PCV13 administration using the 2+1 schedule.

Conclusions
This study shows lower prevalence of VT and 6A/6B serotypes in the nasopharynx among children who were PCV13 vaccinated compared with those who were unvaccinated. The result from this study will be the beginning of future vaccine evaluation in larger population and longer period of study.
Association of recurrent common infections and subclinical cardiovascular disease in Mexican women
Authors: Espinosa-Tamez Priscilla , Lajous Martin , Cantú-Brito Carlos , Lopez-Ridaura Ruy , Monge Adriana , Yunes Elsa , Rodríguez Beatriz L. , Espinosa Luis , Sifuentes-Osornio José , Catzin-Kuhlmann Andres 
Published: January 2021

Background
Acute and agent-specific chronic infections have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, however data on the burden of common recurrent infections on cardiovascular disease is limited. We hypothesized women with greater exposure to uncomplicated common infectious events had an increased risk of subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD).

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the relation of recurrent infections and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 1946 disease-free women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort. Through 2012–2016, participants answered structured questions on respiratory, urinary and vaginal infections during the previous year and their IMT was measured using ultrasound by standardized neurologists. We defined sCVD as mean right and left IMT ≥0.8 mm or the presence of atheromatous plaque. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of infectious events with IMT and sCVD adjusting for age, sociodemographic, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
Among participants (50±5 years) 13% reported no infections, 20% one infection and 67% three or more episodes. Overall prevalence of sCVD was 12%(n = 240). Adjusted models for logistic regression showed that women with 2 or more infections had 91% higher odds of sCVD (OR 1.91; 95%CI 1.16, 3.13) compared to women without infections (p-trend:0.015). Sub-analyses by type of infection resulted not significant. Linear regression analysis did not show a significant association between mean IMT and recurrent infections.

Conclusions
Recurrent infectious events in young adult women are associated with greater sCVD, which supports the hypothesis of low-grade chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.
CT Imaging Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Authors: Yao Tianhong , Lin Huirong , Mao Jingsong , Huo Shuaidong , Liu Gang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute, infectious pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus infection. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging is one of the main methods to screen and diagnose patients with this disease. Here, the importance and clinical value of chest CT examination in the diagnosis of COVID-19 is expounded, and the pulmonary CT findings of COVID-19 patients in different stages are briefly summarized, thus providing a reference document for the CT diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
PathogenicGRM7Mutations Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Impair Axon Outgrowth and Presynaptic Terminal Development
Authors: Song Jae-man , Kang Minji , Park Da-ha , Park Sunha , Lee Sanghyeon , Suh Young Ho 
Published: January 2021

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) is an inhibitory heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptor that modulates neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity at presynaptic terminals in the mammalian central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that rare mutations in glutamate receptors and synaptic scaffold proteins are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the role of presynaptic mGlu7 in the pathogenesis of NDDs remains largely unknown. Recent whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies in families with NDDs have revealed that several missense mutations (c.1865G>A:p.R622Q; c.461T>C:p.I154T; c.1972C>T:p.R658W and c.2024C>A:p.T675K) or a nonsense mutation (c.1757G>A:p.W586X) in theGRM7gene may be linked to NDDs. In the present study, we investigated the mechanistic links betweenGRM7point mutations and NDD pathology. We find that the pathogenic GRM7 I154T and R658W/T675K mutations lead to the degradation of the mGlu7 protein. In particular, the GRM7 R658W/T675K mutation results in a lack of surface mGlu7 expression in heterologous cells and cultured neurons isolated from male and female rat embryos. We demonstrate that the expression of mGlu7 variants or exposure to mGlu7 antagonists impairs axon outgrowth through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway during early neuronal development, which subsequently leads to a decrease in the number of presynaptic terminals in mature neurons. Treatment with an mGlu7 agonist restores the pathologic phenotypes caused by mGlu7 I154T but not by mGlu7 R658W/T675K because of its lack of neuronal surface expression. These findings provide evidence that stable neuronal surface expression of mGlu7 is essential for neural development and that mGlu7 is a promising therapeutic target for NDDs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) affect brain development and function by multiple etiologies. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) is a receptor that controls excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Since accumulating evidence indicates that theGRM7gene locus is associated with NDD risk, we analyzed the functional effects of humanGRM7variants identified in patients with NDDs. We demonstrate that stable neuronal surface expression of mGlu7 is essential for axon outgrowth and presynaptic terminal development in neurons. We found that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and subsequent cytoskeletal dynamics are defective because of the degradation of mGlu7 variants. Finally, we show that the defects caused by mGlu7 I154T can be reversed by agonists, providing the rationale for proposing mGlu7 as a potential therapeutic target for NDDs.
Morpho-anatomical structure and development of fruit in Asyneuma canescens (Саmpanulaceae)
Authors: Andreychuk R. R. , Kolomiychuk V. P. , Odintsova A. V. 
Published: January 2021

The most usual fruit type in the family Саmpanulaсеае is an inferior multi-seeded capsule. In Саmpanula and related genera, A. Kolakovsky determined a new type of capsule, characterized by a specialized organ, axicorn. Some types of axicorn capsules were determined depending on the way of dehiscence. In Campanula, capsule dehiscence is called axicorn-fissuricidal mode, while in Asyneuma – axicorn-valvate mode with scaliformis valves. The precise differences between slit and valve so far have not been identified. In this connection, we performed the study of the inner fruit structure and dehiscence in Asyneuma canescens intending to compare the results with those for Саmpanula species. Anatomical fruit structure was studied under a light microscope on temporary preparations of transversal and longitudinal sections. For the first time, the obtained data provide precise characteristics of the inner fruit morphology, the anatomy of the fruit wall, and dehiscence mode in A. canescens. The survey revealed predominance in the ovary of a synascidiate zone with axile placentation. In the anatomical structure of the fruit wall, there we found a parenchymatous mesocarpium, non-lignified exo- and endocarpium, and lignified elements of fruit – axicorns, located in the small upper part of the septa. Fruit dehiscence in A. canescens occurs in two steps. First, during early flower development, narrow-oval dips are formed on the septum radii; during the fruiting period, a hippocrepiform slit at the lower margin of each dip develops. At this time axicorns detach from the central column of the ovary following a curved direction, meaning the formation of the septifragal slit. During the second stage, the longitudinal slits are formed from the lowest point of the hippocrepiform slit to the fruit base. These slits facilitate seed release from the capsule. Fruit in A. canescens we define as an inferior trilocular syncarpous capsule with two-stage, hippocrepiform and laminar dehiscence. Our study confirms resemblance of anatomical structure and dehiscence mode of fruit in A. canescens and species of the section Rapunculus of the genus Cаmpanula with erect capsules. We consider it inexpedient to accept the new fruit type for A. canescens, because differences compared with species of Cаmpanula are derivative and concern the small size of the axicorn slit and the appearance of additional slits only.
Amlodipine modulation of analgesic effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis, comorbid with arterial hypertension
Authors: Seredynska N. M. , Kornienko V. I. , Kibkalo D. V. , Suvorova O. S. , Marchenko O. M. , Ladogubets O. V. 
Published: January 2021

With the interaction of drugs belonging to different pharmacotherapeutic groups – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive – against the background of comorbid arterial hypertension with rheumatoid arthritis, the activity and safety of drugs may change with their combined use. Changes in the analgesic activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, different in their selectivity to the types of cyclooxygenase (diclofenac, nimesulide and celecoxib), under the conditions of their long-term combined use with amlodipine in different periods of inflammation against the background of hypertension should be studied. Using the model of adjuvant arthritis comorbid with hypertension, in experiments on nonlinear mature white rats, the threshold of pain sensitivity has been determined by means of the “tail flick” test. Hypertension was caused by salt load with 1% sodium chloride solution for drinking with free access to it. Adjuvant arthritis was induced by the introduction of complete Freund’s adjuvant into the plantar aponeurosis of the hind limb of each animal with the established arterial hypertension. Against the background of arterial hypertension and comorbid pathology, there was an increase in the threshold of pain sensitivity observed in rats, which indicated the development of hypoalgesia. When combined, amlodipine enhanced the analgesic activity of diclofenac during 60 days of observation, slightly heightened the analgesic effect of nimesulide – up to 42 days, the effect of Celecoxib – in the acute period and the period of manifestation of adjuvant arthritis against the background of hypertension. The antinociceptive effect of diclofenac with amlodipine and celecoxib with amlodipine exceeded the analgesic effect of the combined nimesulide with amlodipine use against the background of comorbid pathology. The results obtained can be taken into account under the conditions of prescribing drugs belonging to the studied pharmacotherapeutic groups. It is likely that the use of diclofenac for analgesia against the background of comorbid conditions is only appropriate in the acute period of rheumatoid arthritis. The use of nimesulide to achieve an analgesic effect in the recurrence of rheumatoid arthritis against the background of hypertension is appropriate in the acute period and in the period of the inflammatory process attenuation. A highly selective coxib group cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, can reduce pain during the acute period of arthritis and during the manifestation of an inflammatory reaction that has developed against the background of arterial hypertension.
Uważnienie zwykłe małżeństwa z powodu braku formy kanonicznej (kan. 1137 CIC 17, kan. 1160 KPK)
Authors: Klimkiewicz Daniel 
Published: January 2021

W przedstawionym artykule dokonano interpretacji kan. 1137 CIC 17 oraz kan. 1160 KPK, dotyczących uważnienia małżeństwa z powodu braku formy kanonicznej. Problem ten podjęto z dwóch perspektyw: braku formy oraz wady formy.Wykazano, że w przypadku zaistnienia braku formy należy powtórnie zawrzeć małżeństwo, zgodnie z kan. 1160 KPK, w przypadku natomiast wystąpienia wady formy, o ile nie można zastosować skodyfikowanego w kan. 144 KPK pryncypium „Kościół uzupełnia władzę rządzenia” (Ecclesia supplet potestatem), wówczas należałoby konwalidować ­małżeństwo w formie zwykłej, gdy nie zostało ono zawarte publicznie.