bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of a prenatal individualised mixed management intervention addressing breastfeeding outcomes and postpartum depression: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Ying , Lin Qiping , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine the effects of an individualised mixed management combined lactation education and psychoeducation intervention on breastfeeding outcomes and postpartum depression (PPD) at 3 and 42 days postpartum.BackgroundPregnant women with antenatal depression are prone to postpartum depression and failure in breastfeeding.DesignEligible women participated in a randomised single‐blind controlled trial. Results are reported as per the CONSORT 2010 statement.MethodsParticipants were recruited from December 2017–August 2018 at a major teaching hospital located in Shanghai. Primiparous women (n = 182) with an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥9 were randomly enrolled in the intervention group (n = 91) or the control group (n = 91). The intervention group participated in a 4‐session face‐to‐face mixed management intervention targeting perinatal depression and breastfeeding. The control group received usual care. Breastfeeding and psychological outcomes were measured during the third trimester (≥28 weeks and <35 weeks), and at 3 and 42 days postpartum.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in rates of overall and exclusive breastfeeding, initial breastfeeding experience, breastfeeding behaviour and self‐efficacy between the two groups at 3 and 42 days postpartum (p < .05). Intention‐to‐treat linear mixed model analysis showed that EPDS scores were statistically significantly different between groups over time (F = 20.42, p < .001). Intervention group were more satisfied with their husbands’ care and care received during the first month postpartum (p < .05).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of delivering an individualised mixed management intervention combining lactation guidance with psychological support during pregnancy.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study supports the need to identify pregnant women at risk of perinatal depression and indicates that the prenatal individualised mixed management intervention has the potential to reduce PPD and help achieve better breastfeeding outcomes.
Pathways from pain to physical and mental health‐related quality of life during the third trimester of pregnancy: an exploratory mediation analysis
Authors: Vignato Julie , Perkhounkova Yelena , Saeidzadeh Seyedehtanaz , Patsais Micayla , Inman Michaela , Marie McCarthy Ann , Segre Lisa S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand how pain affects physical and mental health‐related quality of life during the third trimester of pregnancy.BackgroundPoor health‐related quality of life during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal foetal health outcomes such as increased risk of low‐birth‐weight neonates. Poor health‐related quality of life is linked to pain, pain interference and anxiety in the general adult population. However, we do not know how pain, pain interference (i.e., interference of pain with patient function), and anxiety are interrelated during the third trimester of pregnancy.MethodsThis exploratory cross‐sectional study followed STROBE guidelines. A mobile educational and tracking pregnancy application was used to obtain a racially/ethnically diverse convenience sample of 141 third trimester pregnant women from the U. S. In this sample, 58.2% of women had commercial health insurance, 68.8% were Caucasian, 86.5% were younger than 35 years, and 85.1% had a partner. Women completed demographics, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Brief Pain Inventory on REDCap. Path analysis was used to investigate a model for the relationships among pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety and physical and mental health‐related quality of life.ResultsPain intensity affected health‐related quality of life indirectly by increasing pain interference, which in turn, decreased both physical and mental health‐related quality of life. In addition, pain interference also increased anxiety, which in turn worsened mental health‐related quality of life, but not physical health‐related quality of life.ConclusionsTreating perinatal pain may improve health‐related quality of life by decreasing pain interference and anxiety.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses should assess for pain interference and anxiety in women experiencing moderate to severe pain during the third trimester of pregnancy. With this knowledge, nurses may advocate for women in receiving effective treatment for their conditions and improvements in their physical and mental health‐related quality of life.
Maternal high‐fat diet disrupted one‐carbon metabolism in offspring, contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Peng Hui , Xu Huiting , Wu Jie , Li Jiangyuan , Zhou Yi , Ding Zehuan , Siwko Stefan K. , Yuan Xianglin , Schalinske Kevin L. , Alpini Gianfranco , Zhang Ke K. , Xie Linglin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsPregnant women may transmit their metabolic phenotypes to their offspring, enhancing the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsPrior to pregnancy female mice were fed either a maternal normal‐fat diet (NF‐group, “no effectors”), or a maternal high‐fat diet (HF‐group, “persistent effectors”), or were transitioned from a HF to a NF diet before pregnancy (H9N‐group, “effectors removal”), followed by pregnancy and lactation, and then offspring were fed high‐fat diets after weaning. Offspring livers were analysed by functional studies, as well as next‐generation sequencing for gene expression profiles and DNA methylation changes.ResultsThe HF, but not the H9N offspring, displayed glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. The HF offspring also displayed a disruption of lipid homeostasis associated with an altered methionine cycle and abnormal one‐carbon metabolism that caused DNA hypermethylation and L‐carnitine depletion associated with deactivated AMPK signalling and decreased expression of PPAR‐α and genes for fatty acid oxidation. These changes were not present in H9N offspring. In addition, we identified maternal HF diet‐induced genes involved in one‐carbon metabolism that were associated with DNA methylation modifications in HF offspring. Importantly, the DNA methylation modifications and their associated gene expression changes were reversed in H9N offspring livers.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate for the first time that maternal HF diet disrupted the methionine cycle and one‐carbon metabolism in offspring livers which further altered lipid homeostasis. CpG islands of specific genes involved in one‐carbon metabolism modified by different maternal diets were identified.
Infant malnutrition treatment in Kenya: Health worker and breastfeeding peer supporter experiences
Authors: Chabeda Sophie , Oluoch Dorothy , Mwangome Martha , Jones Caroline 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcute malnutrition in infants under 6 months (u6m) is increasingly recognised as a global public health problem. The World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for inpatient nutritional rehabilitation of infants u6m is re‐lactation: the re‐establishment of exclusive breastfeeding. Evidence suggests these guidelines are rarely followed in many low‐income settings. Two studies of infant nutritional rehabilitation undertaken in three public hospitals in coastal Kenya employed breastfeeding peer supporters (BFPSs) to facilitate WHO guideline implementation. To explore the acceptability of the strategy to health workers (HWs) and the BFPSs, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 20 HWs and five BFPSs in the three study hospitals. The HWs reported that the presence of the BFPSs changed the way infant nutritional rehabilitation was managed, increasing efforts at relactation and decreasing reliance on supplemental milk. BFPSs were said to help address staff shortages and had dedicated time to support and assist the mothers. Key to the success of the BFPSs was the social relationships they were able to establish with the mothers due to the similarity in their experiences and backgrounds. Despite the success of the BFPSs, human resource management and infrastructure challenges remained. BFPSs can successfully be employed to facilitate the implementation of the WHO guidelines for the nutritional rehabilitation of acutely malnourished infants u6m in hospitals in Kenya, establishing supportive social relationships and trust with the mothers of the acutely malnourished infants and helping to address the issue of human resource shortages.
Development and description of New Nordic Diet scores across infancy and childhood in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Authors: Agnihotri Neha , Rudjord Hillesund Elisabet , Bere Elling , Wills Andrew Keith , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Øverby Nina Cecilie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, examining dietary patterns has become a more common way of investigating potential associations between diet and adverse health outcomes. The New Nordic Diet (NND) is a potentially healthy and sustainable dietary pattern characterized by foods that are locally available and traditionally consumed in the Nordic countries. The diet has been typically examined in adult populations, and less is known about compliance to the NND from infancy throughout childhood. In the current study, we therefore aimed to develop and describe child age‐specific NND scores. This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). We have previously developed a NND score for the maternal diet during pregnancy, and the development of the child diet scores was based on the rationale of this score. Food frequency data from n = 89 715 at child age 6 months, n = 76 432 at 18 months, n = 58 884 at 3 years, and n = 35 978 at 7 years were used to construct subscales in accordance with the maternal diet score. Subscales were composed of responses to a selection of food and drink items or other questions and were dichotomized by the median, yielding four age‐specific diet scores where the possible scoring ranged from 0 to 6 at 6 months and 3 years and from 0 to 9 at 18 months and 7 years. The developed scores will be used to examine associations with childhood overweight and cognitive and mental development in future studies.
Consequences of producing DNA gyrase from a syntheticgyrBAoperon inSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium
Authors: Pozdeev German , Mogre Aalap , Dorman Charles J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDNA gyrase is an essential type II topoisomerase that is composed of two subunits, GyrA and GyrB, and has an A2B2structure. Although the A and B subunits are required in equal proportions to form DNA gyrase, thegyrAandgyrBgenes that encode them inSalmonella(and in many other bacteria) are at separate locations on the chromosome, are under separate transcriptional control, and are present in different copy numbers in rapidly growing bacteria. In wild‐typeSalmonella,gyrAis near the chromosome's replication terminus, whilegyrBis near the origin. We generated a syntheticgyrBAoperon at theoriC‐proximal location ofgyrBto test the significance of the gyrase gene position forSalmonellaphysiology. Although the strain producing gyrase from an operon had a modest alteration to its DNA supercoiling set points, most housekeeping functions were unaffected. However, its SPI‐2 virulence genes were expressed at a reduced level and its survival was reduced in macrophage. Our data reveal that the horizontally acquired SPI‐2 genes have a greater sensitivity to disturbance of DNA topology than the core genome and we discuss its significance in the context ofSalmonellagenome evolution and thegyrAandgyrBgene arrangements found in other bacteria.
Functional interaction between ELL transcription elongation factor and Epe1 reveals the role of Epe1 in the regulation of transcription outside heterochromatin
Authors: Sweta Kumari , Sharma Nimisha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEleven‐nineteen lysine‐rich leukemia (ELL) is a eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, it is important for survival under genotoxic stress conditions. However, the molecular basis underlying this function of ELL in S. pombe is yet to be deciphered. Here, we carried out a genetic screen to identify multicopy suppressor(s) that could restore normal growth of ell1 deletion mutant in the presence of DNA damaging agent. Sequence analysis of the identified suppressors revealed the anti‐silencing protein, Epe1, as one of the suppressors of ell1 deletion associated genotoxic stress sensitivity. Our results further demonstrate that the overexpression of Epe1 could suppress all other phenotypes associated with the absence of Ell1. Moreover, transcriptional defect of ell1Δ strain could also be alleviated by the overexpression of Epe1. Epe1 also showed a physical interaction with Ell1. Interestingly, we also observed that the region of Epe1 encompassing 403–948 amino acids was indispensable for all the above functions. Furthermore, our results show that the overexpression of Epe1 causes increased H3K9 acetylation and RNA polymerase II recruitment. Taken together, our results show a functional interaction between Epe1 and Ell1, and this function is independent of the well‐known JmjC and N‐terminal transcriptional activation domains of Epe1 in S. pombe.
Non‐self recognition‐based self‐incompatibility can alternatively promote or prevent introgression
Authors: Harkness Alexander , Brandvain Yaniv 
Published: February 2021

Summary

Self‐incompatibility alleles (S‐alleles), which prevent self‐fertilisation in plants, have historically been expected to benefit from negative frequency‐dependent selection and invade when introduced to a new population through gene flow. However, the most taxonomically widespread form of self‐incompatibility, the ribonuclease‐based system ancestral to the core eudicots, functions through collaborative non‐self recognition, which can affect both short‐term patterns of gene flow and the long‐term process of S‐allele diversification.

We analysed a model of S‐allele evolution in two populations connected by migration, focussing on comparisons among the fates of S‐alleles initially unique to each population and those shared among populations.

We found that both shared and unique S‐alleles from the population with more unique S‐alleles were usually fitter compared with S‐alleles from the population with fewer S‐alleles. Resident S‐alleles often became extinct and were replaced by migrant S‐alleles, although this outcome could be averted by pollen limitation or biased migration.

Collaborative non‐self recognition will usually either result in the whole‐sale replacement of S‐alleles from one population with those from another or else disfavour introgression of S‐alleles altogether.
Trichoderma atroviride‐emitted volatiles improve growth of Arabidopsis seedlings through modulation of sucrose transport and metabolism
Authors: Esparza‐Reynoso Saraí , Ruíz‐Herrera León Francisco , Pelagio‐Flores Ramón , Macías‐Rodríguez Lourdes Iveth , Martínez‐Trujillo Miguel , López‐Coria Montserrat , Sánchez‐Nieto Sobeida , Herrera‐Estrella Alfredo , López‐Bucio José 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlants host a diverse microbiome and differentially react to the fungal species living as endophytes or around their roots through emission of volatiles. Here, using divided Petri plates for Arabidopsis‐T. atroviride co‐cultivation, we show that fungal volatiles increase endogenous sugar levels in shoots, roots and root exudates, which improve Arabidopsis root growth and branching and strengthen the symbiosis. Tissue‐specific expression of three sucrose phosphate synthase‐encoding genes (AtSPS1F, AtSPS2F and AtSPS3F), and AtSUC2 and SWEET transporters revealed that the gene expression signatures differ from those of the fungal pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata and that AtSUC2 is largely repressed either by increasing carbon availability or by perception of the fungal volatile 6‐pentyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one. Our data point to Trichoderma volatiles as chemical signatures for sugar biosynthesis and exudation and unveil specific modulation of a critical, long‐distance sucrose transporter in the plant.
Pewenomyces kutranfy gen. nov. et sp. nov. causal agent of an important canker disease on Araucaria araucana in Chile
Authors: Balocchi Felipe , Wingfield Mike J. , Ahumada Rodrigo , Barnes Irene 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAraucaria araucana, (commonly referred to as araucaria, pewen, or monkey puzzle tree) is an ancient conifer endemic to the Chilean and Argentinian mountain ranges where it has a sacred relevance to indigenous communities. During 2015, a serious disease was noticed on trees of all ages in most of the natural distribution of this iconic tree. Four areas were surveyed, and the most important symptoms of the disease were cankers on branches and stems resulting in copious resin exudation. Trees were monitored for a period of two years and isolations were made from the cankers. Field observations showed that the disease typically begins on the leaves or at the leaf bases and progresses downwards to initiate cankers that can girdle branches or stems within a two‐year period. Black ascomata, resembling those of Caliciopsis species previously described from A. araucana, were consistently found developing in the cankers from which isolations were made. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, nucSSU, and nucLSU gene regions showed that the fungus resides in the Coryneliaceae but is distinct from other genera in that family. The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of the fungus show that it represents a new genus and species, described here as Pewenomyces kutranfy gen. nov. et sp. nov. Pathogenicity trials on trees under field conditions confirmed that this newly described fungus is able to cause cankers on A. araucana similar to those found under natural conditions.
Capital mobility and the synchronization of business cycles: Evidence from the European Union
Authors: Beck Krzysztof 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBusiness cycle synchronization (BCS) is crucial for effective common monetary policy in the Eurozone. However, the impact of capital market integration on BCS is ambiguous in the literature. In this paper, we quantify the different channels through which capital mobility affects BCS, considering dynamic panel framework accounting for model uncertainty, reverse causality, and contagion. Four different channels are examined: exuberance of business cycles through short‐run flows, risk‐sharing‐induced specialization, international value chain integration resulting from foreign direct investment, and contagion. The results show that the overall impact of capital mobility on BCS is positive in the EU.
Epidemiology and outcome for viremia in children undergoing bone marrow transplant: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Silcock Robyn , Mitchell Katriona , Fraser Chris , Clark Julia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionViral infections pose a serious risk for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). There are few published case series of prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes examining multiple viruses simultaneously, and no pediatric Australasian data published to date. We describe the real‐life experience of viremia in pediatric HSCT in a single tertiary center.MethodsAll episodes of viremia in children undergoing HSCT between 2000 and 2018 were identified by matching HSCT patients’ unique identification numbers with positive blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for human adenovirus (HAdV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and human herpes virus 6 (HHV‐6). Paper or electronic charts and electronic pathology results were used to extract the study variables.ResultsViremia was detected in 177/445 (39.8%) HSCT episodes, of which 46% were allogeneic and 19% autologous transplants. Viremia was disseminated in 96 (21.6%) episodes, with 80 (18%) having more than one virus. HAdV was detected in 108 (24.3% of total episodes) and frequently in autologous transplants, CMV in 71 (16.0%), EBV in 60 (13.5%), and HHV‐6 in 38 (8.5%). Of 174 children, 19 (10.9%) died of a viral‐associated cause, with viral mortality highest in CMV (18.3%), lowest in HHV‐6 (2.6%) with HAdV and EBV similar (6.6% and 6.7%). Adenoviral (but not other virus) dissemination was significantly associated with lower lymphocyte count at time of first detection. CMV dissemination and death were significantly associated with initial and highest CMV viral loads (copies/mL).ConclusionThis study presents the first pediatric‐specific Australasian data for viremia in HSCT. Findings may help guide clinicians in prophylaxis and treatment decisions.
Know‐do gaps in obstetric and newborn care quality in Uganda: a cross‐sectional study in rural health facilities
Authors: Rokicki Slawa , Mwesigwa Brian , Cohen Jessica L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesVariable and inadequate quality of maternity care is a critical factor in persistently high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality in Uganda. We investigated whether provider quality of care deviates from knowledge and the factors associated with these ‘know‐do gaps’ in Ugandan maternity facilities.MethodsData were collected from 109 providers in 40 facilities. Quality was measured using direct observations of intrapartum care, and scores were based on the percentage of essential care actions provided out of a 20‐item validated quality index. Knowledge was measured based on the percentage of items that providers reported knowing to do using vignette surveys. The know‐do gap was the difference between knowledge and quality. Multivariable models were used to assess the association between provider‐ and facility‐level characteristics and knowledge, quality and know‐do gaps.ResultsThe average quality score was 45%, with quality varying widely within and across providers. The mean knowledge score was 70%, yielding a mean know‐do gap of 25%. Know‐do gaps were largest for practices related to infection control, vitals monitoring, and prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. The association between quality and knowledge scores was positive but small (P = 0.08), so know‐do gaps were largest for providers with the highest knowledge scores. Greater provider training was positively associated with knowledge (P = 0.005) but not with quality (P = 0.60). Having 10 or more years of work experience was associated with higher quality scores (5.3, 95%CI: 0.6 to 10.1), while higher patient volumes were associated with lower quality scores (−2.2, 95%CI: −3.7 to − 0.07). None of the factors of provider motivation, cadre, availability of essential medicines and supplies or facility staffing were associated with quality or know‐do gaps.ConclusionsOur results indicate that, in Uganda, gaps between knowledge and quality do not appear to be explained by factors such as lack of motivation, education, training or supplies. Gaps are particularly large for essential practices related to prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, a leading cause of maternal mortality in Uganda and similar settings.