bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on central-line–associated bloodstream infections during the early months of 2020, National Healthcare Safety Network
Authors: Patel Prachi R. , Weiner-Lastinger Lindsey M. , Dudeck Margaret A. , Fike Lucy V. , Kuhar David T. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Pollock Daniel , Benin Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC NHSN) were analyzed to understand the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in acute-care hospitals. Descriptive analysis of the standardized infection ratio (SIR) was conducted by location, location type, geographic area, and bed size.
WHEN ARE THERE ENOUGH PROJECTIVE PERVERSE SHEAVES?
Authors: CIPRIANI ALESSIO , WOOLF JON 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLetXbe a topologically stratified space,pbe any perversity onXandkbe a field. We show that the category ofp-perverse sheaves onX, constructible with respect to the stratification and with coefficients ink, is equivalent to the category of finite-dimensional modules over a finite-dimensional algebra if and only ifXhas finitely many strata and the same holds for the category of local systems on each of these. The main component in the proof is a construction of projective covers for simple perverse sheaves.
Short-Selling Equity Exchange Traded Funds and Its Effect on Stock Market Liquidity
Authors: Karmaziene Egle , Sokolovski Valeri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe examine short selling of equity exchange traded funds (ETFs) using the 2008 short-sale ban. Contrasting the previously documented contractions in bearish strategies during the ban, we find a significant increase in short sales of the largest, most liquid ETF, the S&P 500 Spider. We offer evidence suggesting that this upsurge was driven primarily by investors circumventing the ban. We show that the ban’s detrimental effect on stock liquidity was around 30% less severe for the Spider’s constituents. Our results suggest that ETF shorts can substitute for short sales of individual stocks, thereby alleviating short-sale constraints’ adverse effect on liquidity.
Lost in translation: rethinking words about women in 1–2 Timothy
Authors: King Fergus J. , Lee Dorothy A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSt Paul and the tradition which follows in his wake have often fallen victim to the circumstances and ideologies of their interpreters: used as ambassadors for patriarchy by some and rejected as misogynistic by others. This article reviews some of the contentious passages in 1 and 2 Timothy and concludes that they both challenge the mores of their environment and resonate with other (deutero-)Pauline teachings. To ensure that such claims do not fall prey to circularity in their arguments, a methodology is developed and applied in which claims of resonance are not predicated on the content of other writings.
European Youth Work Policy and Young People’s Experience of Open Access Youth Work
Authors: ORD JON , CARLETTI MARC , MORCIANO DANIELE , SIURALA LASSE , DANSAC CHRISTOPHE , COOPER SUE , FYFE IAN , KÖTSI KAUR , SINISALO-JUHA EEVA , TARU MARTI , ZENTNER MANFRED 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examines young people’s experiences of open access youth work in settings in the UK, Finland, Estonia, Italy and France. It analyses 844 individual narratives from young people, which communicate the impact of youthwork on their lives. These accounts are then analysed in the light of the European youth work policy goals. It concludes that it is encouraging that what young people identify as the positive impact of youth work are broadly consistent with many of these goals. There are however some disparities which require attention. These include the importance young people place on the social context of youth work, such as friendship, which is largely absent in EU youth work policy; as well as the importance placed on experiential learning. The paper also highlights a tension between ‘top down’ policy formulation and the ‘youth centric’ practices of youth work. It concludes with a reminder to policy makers that for youth work to remain successful the spaces and places for young people must remain meaningful to them ‘on their terms’.
Why they shared: recovering early arguments for sharing social scientific data
Authors: Hauptmann Emily 
Published: March 2021

ArgumentMost social scientists today think of data sharing as an ethical imperative essential to making social science more transparent, verifiable, and replicable. But what moved the architects of some of the U.S.’s first university-based social scientific research institutions, the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research (ISR), and its spin-off, the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), to share their data? Relying primarily on archived records, unpublished personal papers, and oral histories, I show that Angus Campbell, Warren Miller, Philip Converse, and others understood sharing data not as an ethical imperative intrinsic to social science but as a useful means to the diverse ends of financial stability, scholarly and institutional autonomy, and epistemological reproduction. I conclude that data sharing must be evaluated not only on the basis of the scientific ideals its supporters affirm, but also on the professional objectives it serves.
INCIDENTAL ACQUISITION OF MULTIWORD EXPRESSIONS THROUGH AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS
Authors: Majuddin Elvenna , Siyanova-Chanturia Anna , Boers Frank 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere has been limited research on the efficacy of captioned second language (L2) television in facilitating the incidental acquisition of multiword expressions (MWEs). The present study aims to fill this gap. Additionally, this study examines the role of typographic enhancement and repetition. One-hundred and twenty-two L2 learners were assigned to one of six conditions that differed in terms of caption condition (no captions, normal captions, enhanced captions) and the number of times they watched the same video (once, twice). The participants took a cued MWE form recall test before watching the video, immediately and 2 weeks after watching it. A content comprehension test was also administered. Compared to single viewing, repetition resulted in better content comprehension as well as better acquisition of MWEs. Both caption types positively influenced MWE recall relative to watching the video without captions, but typographic enhancement reduced the benefits of captions for content comprehension.
Controlling contamination in child maltreatment research: Impact on effect size estimates for child behavior problems measured throughout childhood and adolescence
Authors: Shenk Chad E. , Rausch Joseph R. , Shores Kenneth A. , Allen Elizabeth K. , Olson Anneke E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractContamination, when members of a comparison or control condition are exposed to the event or intervention under scientific investigation, is a methodological phenomenon that downwardly biases the magnitude of effect size estimates. This study tested a novel approach for controlling contamination in observational child maltreatment research. Data from The Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN; N = 1354) were obtained to estimate the risk of confirmed child maltreatment on trajectories of internalizing and externalizing behaviors before and after controlling contamination. Baseline models, where contamination was uncontrolled, demonstrated a risk for greater internalizing (b = .29, p < .001, d = .40) and externalizing (b = .14, p = .040, d = .19) behavior trajectories. Final models, where contamination was controlled by separating the comparison condition into subgroups that did or did not self-report maltreatment, also demonstrated risks for greater internalizing (b = .37, p < .001, d = .51) and externalizing (b = .22, p = .028, d = .29) behavior trajectories. However, effect size estimates in final models were 27.5%–52.6% larger compared to baseline models. Controlling contamination in child maltreatment research can strengthen effect size estimates for child behavior problems, aiding future child maltreatment research design and analysis.
SPECIAL VALUES OF THE ZETA FUNCTION OF AN ARITHMETIC SURFACE
Authors: Flach Matthias , Siebel Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe prove that the special-value conjecture for the zeta function of a proper, regular, flat arithmetic surface formulated in [6] at$s=1$is equivalent to the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for the Jacobian of the generic fibre. There are two key results in the proof. The first is the triviality of the correction factor of [6, Conjecture 5.12], which we show for arbitrary regular proper arithmetic schemes. In the proof we need to develop some results for the eh-topology on schemes over finite fields which might be of independent interest. The second result is a different proof of a formula due to Geisser, relating the cardinalities of the Brauer and the Tate–Shafarevich group, which applies to arbitrary rather than only totally imaginary base fields.
Valuation of long-term care options embedded in life annuities
Authors: Chen An , Fuino Michel , Sehner Thorsten , Wagner Joël 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn most industrialised countries, one of the major societal challenges is the demographic change coming along with the ageing of the population. The increasing life expectancy observed over the last decades underlines the importance to find ways to appropriately cover the financial needs of the elderly. A particular issue arises in the area of health, where sufficient care must be provided to a growing number of dependent elderly in need of long-term care (LTC) services. In many markets, the offering of life insurance products incorporating care options and LTC insurance products is generally scarce. In our research, we therefore examine a life annuity product with an embedded care option potentially providing additional financial support to dependent persons. To evaluate the care option, we determine the minimum price that the annuity provider requires and the policyholder’s willingness to pay for the care option. For the latter, we employ individual utility functions taking account of the policyholder’s condition. We base our numerical study on recently developed transition probability data from Switzerland. Our findings give new and realistic insights into the nature and the utility of life annuity products proposing an embedded care option for tackling the financing of LTC needs.
A 1200 ka Stable Isotope Record From the Center of the Badain Jaran Desert, Northwestern China: Implications for the Variation and Interplay of the Westerlies and the Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Zaijun , Sun Xiaoyun , Li Baofeng , Wang Xin , Chen Fahu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe variation and interplay of westerlies and the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) are important for understanding climate change in the Northern Hemisphere. Yet their spatial and temporal evolution is still debatable. Here, we present a stable isotopic record from the center of the Badain Jaran Desert, in Northwestern China, which records the variations and interplay of the two climate systems during the past 1200 ka. The results indicate that the westerlies dominated the Badain Jaran area at least from 1200 to 600 ka, and possibly earlier. Associated with ASM enhancement since 600 ka, the westerlies and ASM alternatively dominated the regional warm season precipitation during glacial‐interglacial cycles, respectively. Meanwhile, the δ18Ocarb of the Badain Jaran area showed high‐frequency fluctuations which may reveal the joint impact of ASM and westerlies on regional hydrology after 450 ka. Affected by the westerlies and ASM changes, the C4 plants stepwise expanded at 600, 450, and 300 ka. These stepwise variations of westerlies and ASM are response to the global climate change which significantly influenced the ASM at 600 and 450 ka, and westerlies at 300 ka, respectively. In addition, the uplift of the Pamir‐Tibetan Plateau during the middle Pleistocene also exerts a profound effect on westerlies and ASM pattern across the East Asia on a long‐term time scale.
Slip Rate of the Danghe Nan Shan Thrust Fault from 10Be Exposure Dating of Folded River Terraces: Implications for the Strain Distribution in Northern Tibet
Authors: Xu Q. , Hetzel R. , Hampel A. , Wolff R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe northeastward motion of the Tibetan Plateau along the Altyn Tagh strike‐slip fault causes thrust faulting in three parallel mountain ranges (Qilian Shan, Daxue Shan, and Danghe Nan Shan) in the plateau interior, and leads to NNE‐directed crustal shortening and plateau growth. While slip rates at the plateau margin (i.e., along the Qilian Shan and the Altyn Tagh fault) are well constrained, rates of thrust faulting and the strain distribution in the plateau interior remain poorly resolved. Here, we use field investigations, a high‐resolution DEM, and 10Be exposure dating to quantify the shortening rate across the Danghe Nan Shan thrust fault from fluvial terraces, which are deformed by a growing NNE‐vergent anticline. 10Be exposure ages from two terrace levels range from 70 ± 5 to 92 ± 7 ka. When combined with uplift values of 37–68 m along the fold hinge, the 10Be ages yield a mean uplift rate of 0.6 ± 0.2 mm/year. Using the cross‐sectional area of the fold and the subsurface geometry of the listric thrust fault, we obtain a shortening rate of 0.8 ± 0.2 mm/year, which is consistent with the rate of elastic strain accumulation recorded by GPS data. Together with published fault slip rates and GPS data, our results indicate that northern Tibet experiences NNE‐directed shortening at a rate of ∼5 mm/year between the Qaidam Basin and the Hexi Corridor. In the plateau interior, this shortening is accommodated by several range‐bounding thrust faults and closely coupled with the eastward decrease in the slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault.
Activation of the p11/SMARCA3/Neurensin-2 pathway in parvalbumin interneurons mediates the response to chronic antidepressants
Authors: Umschweif Gali , Medrihan Lucian , McCabe Kathryn A. , Sagi Yotam , Greengard Paul 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe delayed behavioral response to chronic antidepressants depends on dynamic changes in the hippocampus. It was suggested that the antidepressant protein p11 and the chromatin remodeling factor SMARCA3 mediate this delayed response by inducing transcriptional changes in hippocampal neurons. However, what target genes are regulated by the p11/SMARCA3 complex to mediate the behavioral response to antidepressants, and what cell type mediates these molecular changes remain unknown. Here we report that the p11/SMARCA3 complex represses Neurensin-2 transcription in hippocampal parvalbumin-expressing interneurons after chronic treatment with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI). The behavioral response to antidepressants requires upregulation of p11, accumulation of SMARCA3 in the cell nucleus, and a consequent repression of Neurensin-2 transcription in these interneurons. We elucidate a functional role for p11/SMARCA3/Neurensin-2 pathway in regulating AMPA-receptor signaling in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, a function that is enhanced by chronic treatment with SSRIs. These results link SSRIs to dynamic glutamatergic changes and implicate p11/SMARCA3/Neurensin-2 pathway in the development of more specific and efficient therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Unique and complementary suppression of cGAS-STING and RNA sensing- triggered innate immune responses by SARS-CoV-2 proteins
Authors: Rui Yajuan , Su Jiaming , Shen Si , Hu Ying , Huang Dingbo , Zheng Wenwen , Lou Meng , Shi Yifei , Wang Meng , Chen Shiqi , Zhao Na , Dong Qi , Cai Yong , Xu Rongzhen , Zheng Shu , Yu Xiao-Fang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of human deaths. The efficient replication and population spread of SARS-CoV-2 indicates an effective evasion of human innate immune responses, although the viral proteins responsible for this immune evasion are not clear. In this study, we identified SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, accessory proteins, and the main viral protease as potent inhibitors of host innate immune responses of distinct pathways. In particular, the main viral protease was a potent inhibitor of both the RLR and cGAS-STING pathways. Viral accessory protein ORF3a had the unique ability to inhibit STING, but not the RLR response. On the other hand, structural protein N was a unique RLR inhibitor. ORF3a bound STING in a unique fashion and blocked the nuclear accumulation of p65 to inhibit nuclear factor-κB signaling. 3CL of SARS-CoV-2 inhibited K63-ubiquitin modification of STING to disrupt the assembly of the STING functional complex and downstream signaling. Diverse vertebrate STINGs, including those from humans, mice, and chickens, could be inhibited by ORF3a and 3CL of SARS-CoV-2. The existence of more effective innate immune suppressors in pathogenic coronaviruses may allow them to replicate more efficiently in vivo. Since evasion of host innate immune responses is essential for the survival of all viruses, our study provides insights into the design of therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2.
Fear extinction learning and anandamide: an fMRI study in healthy humans
Authors: Spohrs Jennifer , Ulrich Martin , Grön Georg , Prost Michael , Plener Paul Lukas , Fegert Jörg Michael , Bindila Laura , Abler Birgit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnxiety- and trauma-related disorders are severe illnesses with high prevalence. Current treatment options leave room for improvement and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has become a key target in psychopharmacological research. Rodent models suggest an anxiolytic effect of endocannabinoids and demonstrated that the ECS is involved in the modulation of fear learning and aversive memory consolidation. So far, one prominent target was inhibition of fatty acid amino hydrolase (FAAH), the degrading enzyme of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA). Research in humans remains scarce, but genetic studies have found that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) FAAH C385A (rs324420) is associated with lower catabolic performance of FAAH and increased levels of AEA. Translational research on the ECS in fear learning processes is rare, yet crucial to understand the mechanisms involved. To address this lack of research, we designed a fear conditioning, extinction learning paradigm with 51 healthy, male humans who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before analysing baseline and task-related changes of AEA, as well as the FAAH polymorphism (rs324420). The results indicate higher AEA levels in AC-heterozygotes than in CC-individuals (SNP rs324420), but no difference between the groups during extinction learning. However, neural activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex during extinction learning correlated positively with AEA baseline levels, and task-related changes in AEA were found particularly during fear extinction, with a modulatory effect on neural activation related to extinction learning. Results indicate a putative role for AEA in fear extinction learning. Pre-treatment with AEA-enhancing drugs could promote extinction learning during psychotherapeutic interventions.
Depression treatment response to ketamine: sex-specific role of interleukin-8, but not other inflammatory markers
Authors: Kruse Jennifer L. , Vasavada Megha M. , Olmstead Richard , Hellemann Gerhard , Wade Benjamin , Breen Elizabeth C. , Brooks John O. , Congdon Eliza , Espinoza Randall , Narr Katherine L. , Irwin Michael R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInflammation plays a role in depression pathophysiology and treatment response, with effects varying by sex and therapeutic modality. Lower levels of interleukin(IL)-8 predict depression response to antidepressant medication and to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), although ECT effects are specific to females. Whether IL-8 predicts depression response to ketamine and in a sex-specific manner is not known. Here, depressed patients (n = 46; female, n = 17) received open label infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg over 40 min; NCT02165449). Plasma levels of IL-8 were evaluated at baseline and post-treatment. Baseline levels of IL-8 had a trending association with response to ketamine, depending upon sex (responder status × sex interaction: p = 0.096), in which lower baseline levels of IL-8 in females (p = 0.095) but not males (p = 0.96) trended with treatment response. Change in levels of IL-8 from baseline to post-treatment differed significantly by responder status (defined as ≥50% reduction in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAM-D] Score), depending upon sex (responder status × sex × time interaction: F(1,42)=6.68, p = 0.01). In addition, change in IL-8 interacted with sex to predict change in HAM-D score (β = -0.63, p = 0.003); increasing IL-8 was associated with decreasing HAM-D score in females (p = 0.08) whereas the inverse was found in males (p = 0.02). Other inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein) were explored with no significant relationships identified. Given these preliminary findings, further evaluation of sex differences in the relationship between IL-8 and treatment response is warranted to elucidate mechanisms of response and aid in the development of personalized approaches to depression treatment.
The effect of nerve growth factor on supporting spatial memory depends upon hippocampal cholinergic innervation
Authors: Eu Wei Zheng , Chen Yu-Ju , Chen Wei-Ting , Wu Kuan-Yu , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Cheng Sin-Jhong , Carter Roderick N. , Huang Guo-Jen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) gene therapy has been used in clinical trials of Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how NGF influences memory may help develop new strategies for treatment. Both NGF and the cholinergic system play important roles in learning and memory. NGF is essential for maintaining cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus, but it is unclear whether the supportive effect of NGF on learning and memory is specifically dependent upon intact hippocampal cholinergic innervation. Here we characterize the behavior and hippocampal measurements of volume, neurogenesis, long-term potentiation, and cholinergic innervation, in brain-specificNgf-deficient mice. Our results show that knockout mice exhibit increased anxiety, impaired spatial learning and memory, decreased adult hippocampal volume, neurogenesis, short-term potentiation, and cholinergic innervation. Overexpression ofNgfin the hippocampus ofNgfgene knockout mice rescued spatial memory and partially restored cholinergic innervations, but not anxiety. Selective depletion of hippocampal cholinergic innervation resulted in impaired spatial memory. However,Ngfoverexpression in the hippocampus failed to rescue spatial memory in mice with hippocampal-selective cholinergic fiber depletion. In conclusion, we demonstrate the impact ofNgfdeficiency in the brain and provide evidence that the effect of NGF on spatial memory is reliant on intact cholinergic innervations in the hippocampus. These results suggest that adequate cholinergic targeting may be a critical requirement for successful use ofNGFgene therapy of Alzheimer’s disease.