bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of human glutathione transferases in biotransformation of the nitric oxide prodrug JS-K
Authors: Sjödin Birgitta , Mannervik Bengt 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) plays a prominent physiological role as a low-molecular-mass signal molecule involved in diverse biological functions. Great attention has been directed to pharmacologically modulating the release of NO for various therapeutic applications. We have focused on O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (JS-K) as an example of diazeniumdiolate prodrugs with potential for cancer chemotherapy. JS-K is reportedly activated by glutathione conjugation by glutathione transferase (GST), but the scope of activities among the numerous members of the GSTome is unknown. We demonstrate that all human GSTs tested except GST T1-1 are active with JS-K as a substrate, but their specific activities are notably spanning a > 100-fold range. The most effective enzyme was the mu class member GST M2-2 with a specific activity of 273 ± 5 µmol min−1 mg−1 and the kinetic parameters Km 63 µM, kcat 353 s−1, kcat/Km 6 × 106 M−1 s−1. The abundance of the GSTs as an ensemble and their high catalytic efficiency indicate that release of NO occurs rapidly in normal tissues such that this influence must be considered in clarification of the tumor-killing effect of JS-K.
A systematic study on the synergistic effects of MWCNTs and core–shell particles on the physicomechanical properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Gharieh Ali , Seyed Dorraji Mir Saeed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHere, core–shell impact modifier particles (CSIMPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNs) were used as reinforcing agents for improving the toughness and tensile properties of epoxy resin. For this purpose, emulsion polymerization technique was exploited to fabricate poly(butyl acrylate-allyl methacrylate) core-poly(methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate) shell impact modifier particles with an average particle size of 407 nm. It was revealed that using a combination of the prepared CSIMPs and MWCNTs could significantly enhance the toughness and tensile properties of the epoxy resin. Also, it was observed that the dominant factors for improving the fracture toughness of the ternary composites are crack deflection/arresting as well as enlarged plastic deformation around the growing crack tip induced by the combination of rigid and soft particles. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was utilized to study the effects of the amounts of CSIMPs and MWCNTs on the physicomechanical properties of the epoxy resin. The proposed quadratic models were in accordance with the experimental results with correlation coefficient more than 98%. The optimum condition for maximum toughness, elastic modulus, and tensile strength was 3 wt% MWCNT and 1.03 wt% CSIMPs. The sample fabricated in the optimal condition indicated toughness, elastic modulus, and tensile strength equal to 2.2 MPa m1/2, 3014.5 MPa, and 40.6 MPa, respectively.
A novel multi-biomarker combination predicting relapse from long-term remission after discontinuation of biological drugs in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nagatani Katsuya , Sakashita Eiji , Endo Hitoshi , Minota Seiji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) show dramatic treatment efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Long-term use of bDMARDs, however, has disadvantages such as high costs and infection risk. Therefore, a methodology is needed to predict any future RA relapse. Herein, we report a novel multi-biomarker combination which predicts relapse after bDMARDs-withdrawal in patients in remission. Forty patients with RA in remission for more than 12 months were enrolled. bDMARDs were withdrawn and they were followed monthly for the next 24 months. Fourteen patients (35%) of 40 in the cohort remained in remission at 24 months, whereas 26 (65%) relapsed at various time-points. Serum samples obtained longitudinally from patients in remission were assessed for the relapse-prediction biomarkers and index from 73 cytokines by the exploratory multivariate ROC analysis. The relapse-prediction index calculated from the 5 cytokines, IL-34, CCL1, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-19, strongly discriminated between patients who relapsed and those who stayed in remission. These findings could contribute to clinical decision-making as to the timing of when to discontinue bDMARDs in RA treatment.
Universal patterns of long-distance commuting and social assortativity in cities
Authors: Bokányi Eszter , Juhász Sándor , Karsai Márton , Lengyel Balázs 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMillions commute to work every day in cities and interact with colleagues, partners, friends, and strangers. Commuting facilitates the mixing of people from distant and diverse neighborhoods, but whether this has an imprint on social inclusion or instead, connections remain assortative is less explored. In this paper, we aim to better understand income sorting in social networks inside cities and investigate how commuting distance conditions the online social ties of Twitter users in the 50 largest metropolitan areas of the United States. An above-median commuting distance in cities is linked to more diverse individual networks, moreover, we find that longer commutes are associated with a nearly uniform, moderate reduction of overall social tie assortativity across all cities. This suggests a universal relation between long-distance commutes and the integration of social networks. Our results inform policy that facilitating access across distant neighborhoods can advance the social inclusion of low-income groups.
Influence of red blood cell indices on HbA1c performance in detecting dysglycaemia in a Singapore preconception cohort study
Authors: Loy See Ling , Lin Jinjie , Cheung Yin Bun , Sreedharan Aravind Venkatesh , Chin Xinyi , Godfrey Keith M. , Tan Kok Hian , Shek Lynette Pei-Chi , Chong Yap Seng , Leow Melvin Khee-Shing , Khoo Chin Meng , Lee Yung Seng , Chan Shiao-Yng , Lek Ngee , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Yap Fabian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbnormalities of red blood cell (RBC) indices may affect glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. We assessed the influence of haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) on the performance of HbA1c in detecting dysglycaemia among reproductive aged women planning to conceive. Women aged 18–45 years (n = 985) were classified as normal (12 ≤ Hb ≤ 16 g/dL and 80 ≤ MCV ≤ 100 fL) and abnormal (Hb < 12 g/dL and/or MCV < 80 fL). The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to determine the performance of HbA1c in detecting dysglycaemic status (prediabetes and diabetes). There were 771 (78.3%) women with normal RBC indices. The AUROCs for the normal and abnormal groups were 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.69, 0.81) and 0.80 (0.70, 0.90), respectively, and were not statistically different from one another [difference 0.04 (− 0.16, 0.08)]. Further stratification by ethnicity showed no difference between the two groups among Chinese and Indian women. However, Malay women with normal RBC indices displayed lower AUROC compared to those with abnormal RBC indices (0.71 (0.55, 0.87) vs. 0.98 (0.93, 1.00), p = 0.002). The results suggest that the performance of HbA1c in detecting dysglycaemia was not influenced by abnormal RBC indices based on low Hb and/or low MCV. However, there may be ethnic variations among them.
Nash equilibria in human sensorimotor interactions explained by Q-learning with intrinsic costs
Authors: Lindig-León Cecilia , Schmid Gerrit , Braun Daniel A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Nash equilibrium concept has previously been shown to be an important tool to understand human sensorimotor interactions, where different actors vie for minimizing their respective effort while engaging in a multi-agent motor task. However, it is not clear how such equilibria are reached. Here, we compare different reinforcement learning models to human behavior engaged in sensorimotor interactions with haptic feedback based on three classic games, including the prisoner’s dilemma, and the symmetric and asymmetric matching pennies games. We find that a discrete analysis that reduces the continuous sensorimotor interaction to binary choices as in classical matrix games does not allow to distinguish between the different learning algorithms, but that a more detailed continuous analysis with continuous formulations of the learning algorithms and the game-theoretic solutions affords different predictions. In particular, we find that Q-learning with intrinsic costs that disfavor deviations from average behavior explains the observed data best, even though all learning algorithms equally converge to admissible Nash equilibrium solutions. We therefore conclude that it is important to study different learning algorithms for understanding sensorimotor interactions, as such behavior cannot be inferred from a game-theoretic analysis alone, that simply focuses on the Nash equilibrium concept, as different learning algorithms impose preferences on the set of possible equilibrium solutions due to the inherent learning dynamics.
A Matlab toolbox for scaled-generic modeling of shoulder and elbow
Authors: Sarshari Ehsan , Boulanaache Yasmine , Terrier Alexandre , Farron Alain , Mullhaupt Philippe , Pioletti Dominique 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere still remains a barrier ahead of widespread clinical applications of upper extremity musculoskeletal models. This study is a step toward lifting this barrier for a shoulder musculoskeletal model by enhancing its realism and facilitating its applications. To this end, two main improvements are considered. First, the elbow and the muscle groups spanning the elbow are included in the model. Second, scaling routines are developed that scale model’s bone segment inertial properties, skeletal morphologies, and muscles architectures according to a specific subject. The model is also presented as a Matlab toolbox with a graphical user interface to exempt its users from further programming. We evaluated effects of anthropometric parameters, including subject’s gender, height, weight, glenoid inclination, and degenerations of rotator cuff muscles on the glenohumeral joint reaction force (JRF) predictions. An arm abduction motion in the scapula plane is simulated while each of the parameters is independently varied. The results indeed illustrate the effect of anthropometric parameters and provide JRF predictions with less than 13% difference compared to in vivo studies. The developed Matlab toolbox could be populated with pre/post operative patients of total shoulder arthroplasty to answer clinical questions regarding treatments of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis.
Different patterns of human activities in nature during Covid-19 pandemic and African swine fever outbreak confirm direct impact on wildlife disruption
Authors: Cukor Jan , Linda Rostislav , Mahlerová Karolina , Vacek Zdeněk , Faltusová Monika , Marada Petr , Havránek František , Hart Vlastimil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImplementation of various restrictions to eradicate viral diseases has globally affected human activity and subsequently nature. But how can the altered routines of human activity (restrictions, lockdowns) affect wildlife behaviour? This study compared the differences between human and wildlife occurrences in the study forest area with acreage of 5430.6 ha in 2018 (African swine fever outbreak, complete entrance ban), 2019 (standard pattern) and 2020 (COVID-19 restrictions) during the breeding season. The number of visitors was lower by 64% in 2018 (non-respecting of the entry ban by forest visitors) compared to standard 2019, while in 2020, the number of visitors increased to 151%. In the COVID-19 period, distinct peaks in the number of visitors were observed between 8–11 AM and 4–7 PM. The peaks of wildlife activity were recorded between 4–7 AM and 9–12 PM. Animals avoided the localities that were visited by humans during the people-influenced time (24 h after people visit), which confirmed the direct negative impact of human activities on wildlife.
Corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel local defect pits under static liquid film
Authors: Tan Zhuowei , Wang Zhenbo , Zhang Shengzhu , Bai Shuyu , Zhang Dalei , Jin Youhai , Xing Shaohua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, the corrosion electrochemical information under different thicknesses of liquid film was tested. The local corrosion development process of X80 steel under different thicknesses of liquid film was studied by combining the detection and analysis of scale and the matrix corrosion morphology. The corrosion was studied by EIS. The composition and microstructures of corrosion scale at different locations were detected by EDS and SEM, and the metal matrix was detected by 3D topography technology to analyze the local corrosion. The results show that a liquid film with a thickness greater than or equal to 1 mm has no effect on the mechanism of the corrosion process, but has a control effect on the corrosion rate and the time of each stage in corrosion. The corrosion process can be divided into two stages: in the early stage, the concentration of ions inside and outside ADP is the same, so the corrosion is uniform; in the later stage, due to the influence of CO2 dissolution and mass transfer distance, the cathodic reaction is mainly outside ADP and the anodic reaction is mainly inside ADP. In addition, corrosion acidification occurs in ADP, which enhances the corrosion process in ADP.
Interfacial engineering of a Mo/Hf0.3Zr0.7O2/Si capacitor using the direct scavenging effect of a thin Ti layer
Authors: Kim Se Hyun , Yu Geun Taek , Park Geun Hyeong , Lee Dong Hyun , Park Ju Yong , Yang Kun , Lee Eun Been , Lee Je In , Park Min Hyuk 
Published: October 2021

The endurance of a Mo/Hf0.3Zr0.7O2/Si capacitor was improved up to 109 cycles by using a Ti layer formed prior to the atomic layer deposition of a Hf0.3Zr0.7O2 film to avoid direct exposure of Si to ozone with resulting trap density decrease.
Development and prospects of metamaterial in wireless power transfer
Authors: Huang Xiutao , Zhang Chunbo , Cong Lin , Cai Rufeng , Yang Fan , Lu Conghui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a unique group of advanced artificial materials, metamaterials have found many interesting applications in various devices due to the ability to control electromagnetic fields. The metamaterial provides the prospect of new opportunities for the wireless power transfer (WPT) system to improve efficiency and reduce magnetic flux density. This review paper evaluates the performance of the WPT system with metamaterial from both principles and functions aspects. The objectives of this review include: (1) to present the research process and bottlenecks of metamaterial in the WPT system; (2) to clarify the design solution and checking method of the metamaterial and (3) to identify the challenges and opportunities based on the functional of the WPT system integration with metamaterial. Therefore, the process on metamaterial design, working principle of metamaterial, optimal method, equivalent model, and experimental method are reviewed. The recent efforts of the WPT system with metamaterial in efficiency enhancement, misalignments, magnetic field reduction are illustrated. Finally, the challenges and prospects of metamaterial based on the WPT system are concluded.
Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: Densities and imaging
Authors: Franz R. , Ercolano B. , Casassus S. , Picogna G. , Birnstiel T. , Pérez S. , Rab Ch. , Sharma A. 
Published: October 2021

Context.X-ray- and extreme-ultraviolet- (together: XEUV-) driven photoevaporative winds acting on protoplanetary disks around young T-Tauri stars may crucially impact disk evolution, affecting both gas and dust distributions.Aims.We constrain the dust densities in a typical XEUV-driven outflow, and determine whether these winds can be observed at μm-wavelengths.Methods.We used dust trajectories modelled atop a 2D hydrodynamical gas model of a protoplanetary disk irradiated by a central T-Tauri star. With these and two different prescriptions for the dust distribution in the underlying disk, we constructed wind density maps for individual grain sizes. We used the dust density distributions obtained to synthesise observations in scattered and polarised light.Results.For an XEUV-driven outflow around aM*= 0.7M⊙T-Tauri star withLX= 2 × 1030erg s−1, we find a dust mass-loss rateṀdust≲ 4.1 × 10−11M⊙yr−1for an optimistic estimate of dust densities in the wind (compared toṀgas≈ 3.7 × 10−8M⊙yr−1). The synthesised scattered-light images suggest a distinct chimney structure emerging at intensitiesI∕Imax< 10−4.5(10−3.5) atλobs= 1.6 (0.4) μm, while the features in the polarised-light images are even fainter. Observations synthesised from our model do not exhibit clear features for SPHERE IRDIS, but show a faint wind signature for JWST NIRCam under optimal conditions.Conclusions.Unambiguous detections of photoevaporative XEUV winds launched from primordial disks are at least challenging with current instrumentation; this provides a possible explanation as to why disk winds are not routinely detected in scattered or polarised light. Our calculations show that disk scale heights retrieved from scattered-light observations should be only marginally affected by the presence of an XEUV wind.
Arbeitsperspektiven für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen unter Corona-Bedingungen: Eine explorative Kurzumfrage
Authors: Dehn Lorenz B. , Böske Nils , Beblo Thomas , Steinhart Ingmar , Stengler Katarina , Driessen Martin 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Explorative Untersuchung der coronabedingten Auswirkungen auf die beruflichen Perspektiven von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt.Methode Kurzumfrage mit quantitativen und qualitativen Fragen unter Mitarbeitenden aus der beruflichen Rehabilitation und Wiedereingliederung.Ergebnisse Von den n = 76 Teilnehmenden gaben über 90 % an, dass sich die Situation beim beruflichen Wiedereinstieg bzw. der Arbeitsplatzsuche coronabedingt (deutlich) verschlechtert habe. 75 % sahen auch auf längere Sicht hin negative Aussichten für die berufliche Rehabilitation. Offene Antworten zu Schwierigkeiten verwiesen neben dem Hauptproblem fehlender Stellenangebote u. a. auf erhöhte psychische Belastungen bei den Betroffenen sowie Probleme bei der Erreichbarkeit von Ansprechpersonen oder bei Online-Prozessen.Schlussfolgerung Durch die Corona-Situation ist es zu einer zusätzlichen Verschlechterung der beruflichen Perspektiven und Teilhabechancen von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen gekommen.
Percutaneous Aspiration Thrombectomy for Arterial Thromboembolic Occlusion Following Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty: Technical Success Rates and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Schicho Andreas , Bäumler Wolf , Verloh Niklas , Beyer Lukas Philipp , Schierling Wilma , Uller Wibke , Gößmann Holger , Stroszczynski Christian , Dollinger Marco 
Published: October 2021

Purpose We aimed to analyze the technical success rate of manual percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy (PAT) in patients with peripheral arterial thromboembolism as a complication of infrainguinal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and we sought to evaluate the 30-day postintervention clinical outcome.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively identified 29 patients (men/women, 18/11; mean age, 74 years) who underwent infrainguinal PAT to treat thromboembolic complications of infrainguinal PTA. Primary and secondary technical successes were defined as residual stenosis of < 50 % of the vessel diameter after PAT alone and PAT with additional PTA, respectively. Clinical outcome parameters (e. g., amputation, need for further intervention) were evaluated during the first 30 days after intervention.
Results The primary and secondary technical success rates were 58.6 % (17/29) and 79.3 % (23/29), respectively. Clinical outcome data were available for 93.1 % (27/29) of patients. No further intervention was required within 30 days in 81.5 % (22/27) of patients. Four patients underwent minor amputations owing to preexisting ulcerations (Rutherford Category 5), and no patients underwent major amputations (Rutherford Category 6). Revascularization of the previously treated vessel segment with PTA was necessary on the first postintervention day in one patient.
Conclusion Manual PAT, with PTA if needed, has a good technical success rate and satisfactory early clinical outcome in patients with iatrogenic thromboembolic complications after infrainguinal PTA.
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Comparison of Dentinal Tubule Penetration between a Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer with Ultrasonic Activation and an Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer: A Study Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Song Dani , Yang Sung-Eun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the degree of dentinal penetration between an epoxy resin-based sealer applied by using two different filling methods and an ultrasonically activated calcium silicate-based sealer via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).
Materials and Methods Forty-five extracted permanent maxillary premolars with type II canals (Vertucci’s classification) were subjected to the experiment. The root canals were instrumented and distributed randomly into the following three groups: AH Plus + continuous wave technique (AHC group); AH Plus + single cone technique (AHS group); and Endoseal MTA + single cone technique with ultrasonic activation (EMS) group. Each sealer was labeled with rhodamine B dye to allow visualization under CLSM. The sealer penetration depth in each sample was observed at 2 mm and 5 mm from the apex by using CLSM. The data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis H test according to normality of variable (α = 0.05).
Results In all groups, the maximum sealer penetration depth, mean fluorescence intensity, and sum fluorescence intensity values were higher at the 5-mm level than at the 2-mm level. At the 5-mm level, the EMS group showed the lowest value (p = 0.02). At the 2-mm level, there were no statistically significant differences among any of the groups. The AHC group showed higher values than the other groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the apical area where access of instruments was difficult.
Conclusion The AHC group showed the highest dentinal tubule penetration, but had questionable filing efficacy in the apical area, which is of particular importance for the success of root canal treatment. Therefore, in areas such as the apical 2 mm of premolars with type II canals, which are difficult to access by using instruments such as heat carriers, other appropriate approaches may be required accordingly.