bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sclerosing Endophthalmitis in Children: Computed Tomography with Histopathologic Correlation
Authors: Margo Curtis E , Katz Norman N K , Wertz Fleming D , Dorwart Robert H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three children with histopathologically diagnosed aclerosing endophthalmitis presumably secondary to Toxocara cam's were studied by orbital computed tomography. The diffuse increased intraocular density present in the CT scans was indistinguishable from that observed in Coats's disease and non- calcify ing retinoblastoma.
Although retinoblastoma constitutes the major lifethreatening cause of leukocoria in children, a number of other simulating conditions (pseudoglioma) can cause diagnostic confusion. In some cases of leukocoria it is exceedingly difficult to exclude the possibility of retinoblastoma without having to resort to enucleation.1 The availability of new non-invasive tests may make the distinction between retinoblastoma and pseu dogli om as more easily attainable. Computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be of particular value in this regard by demonstrating intraocular calcification within retinoblastoma and rarely in lesions that stimulate it.2-4 CT may also be used to more appropriately plan therapy for children with retinoblaatoma by assessing the status of the optic nerve and orbit.' The exact role of CT in the evaluation of children with leukocoria, however, has not been completely established, since the computed tomographic features of several lesions that simulate retinoblastoma have not been described.
The three most common causes of pseudoglioma are persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, Coats's disease and sclerosing endophthalmitis. The latter entity when associated with a characteristic granulomatous inflammation is considered to represent the sequela of Taxocara canis infection of the eye. This report describes the computed tomographic findings in three cases of histologically diagnosed sclerosing endophthalmitis, presumably due to Toxocara canis.
Medical Management of Accommodative Esotropia
Authors: Hiatt Roger L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Cycloplegic drugs are the principal medications used in the diagnosis of accommodative esotropia. The same cycloplegics can be used as a "medical patch" in the treatment of amblyopia. Miotics may be as good as glasses in controlling accommodative esotropia but are almost never better. The response to miotica does not rule out the presence of accommodative esotropia. Miotics also may be used as a supplementary agent to glasses, bifocals, or surgery in the treatment of esotropia. The most widely used miotics today include phosphoiine iodide and DFP with iris cysts being the major local side effect in the eye with the use of miotics in children. Miotics and other drugs are valuable tools in the treatment of accommodative esotropia; however, the use must be correlated with other tools, including surgery, patching, glasses, and orthoptic exercises.
Orbital and Childhood Sarcoidosis
Authors: Khan Jemshed A , Hoover Darren L , Giangiacomo Joseph , Singsen Bernhard H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Orbital infiltration, anterior uveitis, disc edema, choroiditis, erythema nodosum, and polyarticular arthritis due to sarcoidosis occurred in a five-year-old child who presented with unilateral proptosis. Diagnosis was enhanced by computerized tomography of the orbit, and confirmed by synovial biopsy findings. This patient's course illustrates the importance of thorough and frequent ocular examinations in childhood uveitis associated with systemic disease and demonstrates an unusual finding of orbital sarcoidosis. Childhood sarcoid arthritis may be misdiagnosed as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Familiarity with the ocular and systemic findings may lead to the correct diagnosis.
Horner's Syndrome in Children
Authors: Woodruff Geoffrey , Buncic J Raymond , Morin J Donald 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Ten cases of Horner's syndrome with pharmacologic testing and computed tomography scans are described in patients up to age 8 years. The patients also were assessed for iris color and facial sweating. Classical preganglionic Horner's syndrome associated with brachial plexus birth injury was not identified in any case. Two patients who presented with ptosis had neuroblastoma. Two other children had undergone corrective cardiothoracic surgery. Two patients had major congenital abnormalities. In four patients, no cause of Horner's syndrome was determined.
The Eyelid Crease Approach to Superficial Lateral Dermoid Cysts
Authors: Kersten Robert C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although the traditional approaches to lateral orbital dermoids with incision directly over the lesion or camouflaged beneath the inferior brow provide good direct exposure of the lesion, the result may be cosmetically less acceptable due to prolonged erythema and ultimate depression of the scar when placed in the thicker skin of this region. The results in 11 patients in whom an eyelid crease incision was used are reported. Camouflage of the incision by the overlying lid fold resulted in very satisfactory cosmesis in the immediate postoperative period. The extremely thin lid skin in the crease resulted in rapid healing with a virtually imperceptible mature scar. With sufficient extension of the incision and undermining, the lid tissues could be displaced to allow adequate exposure and removal of the dermoid in all cases.
Keratolenticular Dysgenesis (Peters' Anomaly) as a Result of Acute Embryonic Insult During Gastrulation
Authors: Cook Cynthia S , Sulik Kathleen K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Keratolenticular dysgenesis (Peters' anomaly) was Induced in mice by exposure to the human teratogens, ethanol or 13-cis retinole acid (isotretinoin, Accutane9). Acute teratogen exposure on the seventh day of gestation (corresponding to the third week of human gestation) resulted in an eye malformation incidence of 46% to 100% in day 14 fetuses. Of the abnormal eyes, 10% to 29% demonstrated failure of detachment of the lens from the surface ectoderm. Delayed lens detachment was seen ss anterior lenticonus in 33% to 35% of the abnormal eyes. Abnormal lens detachment appeared to result in mechanical interference with neural crest migration to form the corneal stroma and endothelium, and iris stroma. This secondary effect on neural crest derivatives is exhibited in the adult animals as corneal opacities associated with defects in Descemets membrane and endothelium, and anterior polar cataracts.
Reoperation Rate in Adjustable Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Wisnicki H Jay , Repka Michael X , Guyton David L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Adjustable suture strabismus surgery may reduce the frequency of reoperations by reducing immediate postoperative over- and undercorrections. We reviewed 290 strabismus procedures performed with an adjustable suture technique. Thirty-five patients required additional surgery, for a reoperation rate of 9.7%. Reoperation frequencies for patients undergoing non-adjustable procedures average approximately 20% in our experience and in reported series. Our low reoperation rate with adjustable strabismus surgery supports our clinical impression that more accurate results are possible with this technique in appropriate patients.
Acuity Card Testing of Spastic Children: Preliminary Results
Authors: Hertz B Gevene , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Acuity card testing of spastic children showed a high success rate. Agreement between repeated tests for children with mild motor handicaps was within the limits reported for non-handicapped children. Although more of the children with severe motor handicaps had greater test-retest variabilities, the majority of results from this group also showed an acceptable agreement. The high success rate and good test-retest agreement Indicate that acuity cards can be very useful for testing children with cerebral palsy, who often have reduced acuity.
The Disc-Macula Distance to Disc Diameter Ratio: A New Test for Confirming Optic Nerve Hypoplasia in Young Children
Authors: Alvarez Emilio , Wakakura Masato , Khan Zia , Dutton Gordon N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The disc-macula: disc diameter (DM:DD) ratio is the ratio of the horizontal distance between the center of the optic disc and the macula to the mean diameter of the optic disc, as evaluated from fundus photographs. The diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia may be difficult in cases in which the optic discs are slightly reduced In size, or when the double ring sign is absent and the condition is bilateral. The DM : DD ratio was calculated for six eyes of five children with ophthalmoscopically obvious optic nerve hypoplasia, 12 eyes of six children in whom the diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia was equivocal (but established by visual field examination and retinal red free photography), 13 eyes of eight children with optic atrophy, and 25 eyes of 17 children with normal optic discs. The DM:DD ratio was found to be significantly higher for both groups with optic nerve hypoplasia than for those with optic atrophy and the normal controls. For practical purposes, when the DM:DD ratio Is greater than 3.0, the diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia should be seriously considered.
Ocular Trauma Following Amniocentesis as the Cause of Leukocoria
Authors: Admoni M M , BenEzra D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Among the various causes of leukocoria in a newborn, intrauterine ocular trauma following amniocentesis Is not included. We describe a three-day-old girl whose leukocoria ol the left eye resulted from traction retinal detachment, caused by the perforation of the globe during diagnostic amniocentesis.
Acquired Brown's Syndrome Caused by Frontal Sinus Osteoma
Authors: Biedner B , Monos T , Frilling F , Mozes M , Yassur Y 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 32-year-old man had a history of acquired Brown's syndrome associated with diplopia, proptosis, downward displacement of the globe, and lid edema. A CT scan of the orbit revealed an osleoma arising from the left frontal sinus and extending into the left orbit. After surgical extirpation the proptosis and diplopìa disappeared and the globe returned to normal. To our knowledge, such a case has not been reported previously.
Interdisciplinary Teamwork in a Community SRO
Authors: Bohm Evelyn 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During the past year, much attention has been given by the news media to the new State Department of Mental Hygiene's discharging thousands of chronically ill patients from the mental hospitals, to the "streets" of New York, mostly into the single-room-occupancy hotels. Out of the nearly 1,000 City SROs, only 15-20 are staffed with any kind of program to aid the residents of the hotel.
The Tyranny of Seclusion: A Brief Essay
Authors: Pilette Patricia Chehy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the last decade there has been increased interest among mental health providers and the public in safeguarding the civil and legal rights of mentally impaired patients. Legislation currently pending in various states and already passed in others, i.e., California's LanternmanPetris-Short Act of 1974, is attempting to set strict guidelines by which the rights of patients are to be protected. In focusing on the protection of the civil rights of patients many of the traditional aspects of mental health care have come to be challenged on their therapeutic as well as legal validity.
This manuscript places the common practice of seclusion in the role of specimen to the professionals' microscope. As an issue, the seclusion of a "disturbing" patient in an empty room behind locked doors, goes beyond violation of that patient's civil liberties and addresses the human rights of that patient.
This essay critically analyzes the utilitarian rule which governs the use of seclusion as a treatment and attempts to illuminate its faulty rationale. It treats the notions of seclusion as an ethical and moral issue and poses questions designed to focus the practitioner's conscious awareness.
Seclusion, as a viable component of mental health care, has managed to avoid the questioning eye of the mental health practitioner. Consequently, it has received very little literary attention. This essay is an effort to "open up" a needed dialogue among today's professionals on this common, albeit tyrannical, treatment relic of the past. Its purpose is not to posit alternative treatment forms - but to promote examination of the present form.
No one shall be subject to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Psychiatric Patients' Perceptions of Their Milieu Therapy Program
Authors: Sweeney Linda J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study was designed to provide information concerning psychiatric patients' perceptions of their individual treatment program in an inpatient treatment facility with an established therapeutic milieu. The responses of 24 patients aged 16 to 69 years to an 8-item questionnaire, developed and administered by the investigator, constituted the data collected.
The 24 patients identified 57 components as part of their treatment programs. Patients with more education mentioned more treatment components than those with less education. Talking with staff members was considered the most helpful treatment component by the most patients, and medication was the most frequently mentioned least helpful treatment component.
Six categories were used to organize the data: recreation-physical, recreation-mental, verbal interaction, creature comforts, staff supervision, and diagnostic and medical services. More of the identified treatment components were categorized under verbal interaction than any other category. The second most mentioned category was recreation-physical.
As patients listed the most helpful persons during their hospitalization, 36 students and staff members and four other patients were identified. Two psychiatric technicians, a registered nurse, and an occupational therapist were mentioned most often. Patients tended to see persons of their same sex and close to their age as particularly helpful.
Teaching Patients Self Care: A Critical Aspect of Psychiatric Discharge Planning
Authors: Buckwalter Kathleen Coen , Kerfoot Karlene M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article addresses techniques that can be incorporated into both inpatient and outpatient programs in psychiatric-mental health nursing to decrease chances of rehospitalization. The authors write from their clinical experience in these settings and from research by the first author that has examined discharge planning techniques and outcome measures.
Assessing Geropsychiatric Patients
Authors: Abraham Ivo L , Smullen Dianne E , Thompson-Heisterman Anita A 
Published: April 2021

Although other disciplines involved in the care of geriatric patients with psychiatric or neurobehavioral problems have established assessment procedures, this is not the case for nursing. Some approaches to assessing geropsychiatric patients from a nursing perspective have been proposed (Baldwin, 1987; Burnside, 1981; Ninos, 1985), but they have been limited in scope (Abraham, 1990b). However, with nursing assuming an increasingly central role in the multidisciplinary care of geropsychiatric patients and their families, a comprehensive and accepted method of multidimensional geropsychiatric nursing assessment is necessary.
This method enables nurses to provide the best possible nursing care to patients and families while contributing effectively to multidisciplinary assessment and intervention. To this end, Abraham and associates (Abraham, 1990a; ThompsonHeisterman, 1992) developed the Psychogeriatric Nursing Assessment Protocol (PNAP). Previous articles have described the rationale and content of the PNAP (Abraham, 1990a; Thompson-Heisterman, 1992). This article will draw on the authors' clinical experience in using the PNAP and will offer practical clinical strategies for assessment within the PNAP framework.
The PNAP is presented in the Figure, and readers are referred to previous articles for detailed descriptions of the various aspects of the PNAP. A rating form has been developed for use with the PNAP that permits quantification of clinical observations and the determination of selected clinical scores.
A Portrait of Homelessness
Authors: Wallsten Sharon M 
Published: April 2021

The homeless elderly are vulnerable, silent, and fearful. Their trajectory into homelessness more often than not precludes recovery and takes them on a course toward early death or nursing home placement. Psychiatric nurses who work in community or acute care settings are in key positions to recognize elderly victims of homelessness, assess their needs, match them to services, start them on the road to recovery, and become their advocates.
The definition of a homeless person as agreed on in the Report of the Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness (1992) is the one used in the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act (Public Law 100-77). A homeless person is someone "who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence" and whose main nighttime residence is a "supervised public or private shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations; an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized; or a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings." This definition, then, excludes those individuals living on the "fringes" in substandard or condemned housing, a condition that warrants attention in general and particularly among the elderly.
MANAGED CARE: The Effect of Case Management on State Psychiatric Clients
Authors: Parson Charlynne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study examined whether case management services, mandated under the managed care contract for adult clients in a medium-sized state psychiatric hospital in Tennessee between July 1996 and June 1997, were offered as specified, and the impact these services had on recidivism for individuals who were identified as having a severe or persistent mental illness.
Although all of the clients were offered case management, 47% refused the service. Of the 14 who had one or more readmissions, six (43%) had case management. These findings demonstrate that health care providers must offer sufficient information to their clients so that they can use the managed care system more effectively.
Prognosis for Penetrating Keratoplasty in Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome
Authors: Chang Patricia C T , Soong H Kaz , Couto Marcia F , Meyer Roger F , Sugar Alan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is characterized by the proliferation and spreading of an abnormal corneal endothelial membrane across the iridocorneal angle and iris surface, resulting in iridocorneal adhesions, glaucoma, pupillary distortion, varying degrees of iris atrophy, and occasionally corneal decomposition with edema. These changes may possibly affect the long-term prognosis of penetrating keratoplasty in an adverse fashion.
METHODS: We reviewed the clinical course of 12 consecutive eyes (12 patients) which underwent penetrating keratoplasty for corneal edema associated with the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (mean postoperative follow up = 30 months).
RESULTS: The grafts remained clear in 10 patients (83%) and the visual acuity was 20/40 or better in nine patients (75%). The endothelial cell losses averaged 13% at 6 months and 17% at 1 year after surgery. Simultaneous extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation at the time of keratoplasty posed no measurable compromise to the overall postoperative prognosis. Causes of poor visual acuity after surgery included glaucoma and graft failure (immune and nonimmune).
CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of penetrating keratoplasty in the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome appears to be very favorable in the majority of eyes. (Refract Corneal Surg. 1993;9:129-132.)
Influence of Patient Age on Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Loewenstein Anat , Lipshitz Isaac , Levanon Daniella , Ben-Sirah Ayala , Lazar Moshe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To determine whether the outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia are age-dependent.
METHODS: The influence of age on PRK outcomes was analyzed for one eye of each of 72 patients divided into two groups: 39 patients (18 to 26 years) and 33 patients (35 to 54 years). The influence of the amount of preoperative myopia (low myopia less than -4.00 diopters (D); moderate to high myopia -4.00 or more D) was also evaluated. All patients were followed for at least 1 year, and all underwent cycloplegic refractions.
RESULTS: One year after PRK, the average refraction was -0.15 D in the younger group and +0.38 D in the older group. The achieved refraction was higher than the attempted by +1.00 D or more only in eyes with moderate to high myopia (-4.00 to -10.00 D); 11.54% (3 eyes) of the younger group and in 34.78% (8 eyes) of the older group.
CONCLUSION: After PRK for myopia, patients between the ages of 35 and 54, with moderate to high myopia, obtained more refractive change with the same intended dioptric correction compared to younger patients with moderate to high myopia. Attempted correction should be adjusted according to age and amount of myopia. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:23-26]
Screening for Psychiatric Distress and Low Self-esteem in Patients Presenting for Excimer Laser Surgery for Myopia
Authors: Kidd Brian , Stark Cameron , McGhee Charles N J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients presenting for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) may have unusual psychological profiles. Certain psychological variables may impact treatment outcome, making early identification crucial. We report a controlled questionnaire study of psychiatric "anxiety/distress'' and self-esteem in myopic patients who presented for excimer laser treatment.
METHODS: Ninety consecutive myopic individuals (patients) who presented for excimer laser PRK and 50 consecutive myopic individuals who presented to an optometrist for contact lens fitting (controls) were assessed using two self-completion questionnaires-the GHQ30 and Hudson Index of Self-Esteem ISE. The questionnaires were distributed during assessment for treatment.
RESULTS: PRK patients had a 90% response rate for both questionnaires and control patients, 98% for GHQ30 and 100% for Hudson ISE. PRK patients were significantly older (p=0.000003), had a greater myopic spherical equivalent refraction (p=0.012) and had better spectacle-corrected visual acuity (p=0.0096). No significant differences were demonstrated with regard to anxiety/distress in terms of absolute scores (p=0.07), or the proportion of patients being positive or negative (p=0.10). Similarly, self-esteem was not significantly different between the two groups (absolute scores p=0.69; positive/negative p=0.29). The high response rate shows that the GHQ30 and Hudson ISE are easy to use and well tolerated by myopes in a busy clinic setting. The fact that the patients were older, with a greater refractive error, may partly reflect the onset of contact lens intolerance.
CONCLUSION: The psychological findings suggest that PRK patients cannot be considered more distressed or anxious than other myopic individuals. There is no evidence that their decision to undergo surgery is driven by abnormally low selfesteem. [J Refract Surg 1997;13:40-44]