bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Observed Lee Waves over the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in Iceland
Authors: Colfescu Ioana , Klemp Joseph B. , Bollasina Massimo A. , Mobbs Stephen D. , Burton Ralph R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOn 20 October 2016, aircraft observations documented a significant train of lee waves above and downstream of the Snæfellsnes Peninsula on the west coast of Iceland. Simulations of this event with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model provide an excellent representation of the observed structure of these mountain waves. The orographic features producing these waves are characterized by the isolated Snæfellsjökull volcano near the tip of the peninsula and a fairly uniform ridge along its spine. Sensitivity simulations with the WRF Model document that the observed wave train consists of a superposition of the waves produced individually by these two dominant orographic features. This behavior is consistent with idealized simulations of a flow over an isolated 3D mountain and over a 2D ridge, which reproduce the essential behavior of the observed waves and those captured in the WRF simulations. Linear analytic analysis confirms the importance of a strong inversion at the top on the boundary layer in promoting significant wave activity extending far downstream of the terrain. However, analysis of the forced and resonant modes for a two-layer atmosphere with a capping inversion suggest that this wave train may not be produced by resonant modes whose energy is trapped beneath the inversion. Rather, these appear to be vertically propagating modes with very small vertical group velocity that can persist far downstream of the mountain. These vertically propagating waves potentially provide a mechanism for producing near-resonant waves farther aloft due to interactions with a stable layer in the midtroposphere.
Interactive Effects between Temperature and Humidity on Outpatient Visits of Respiratory Diseases in Lanzhou, China
Authors: He Hua , Chai Guorong , Su Yana , Sha Yongzhong , Zong Shengliang , Bao Hairong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study assessing the lag and interactive effects between the daily average temperature and relative humidity on respiratory disease (RD) morbidity in Lanzhou, China, using data from daily outpatient visits for RD between 2014 and 2017 and meteorological and pollutant data during the same period analyzed with Poisson generalized linear model and distributed lag nonlinear models; the effects are further explored by classifying the RD by gender, age, and disease type. The results showed that the effect of temperature and relative humidity on outpatient visits of different populations and types of RD is nonlinear, with a significant lag effect. Relative to 11°C, every 1°C decrease in temperature is associated with 10.98% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.87%–12.11%] increase for total RD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is affected only by low temperature, upper respiratory tract infection is affected by both low and high temperatures, and asthma is influenced by high temperature. When the relative humidity is less than 32%, every 1% decrease in relative humidity is associated with 6.00% (95% CI: 3.00%–9.11%) increase for total RD; relative humidity has different effects on the outpatient risk of different types of RD. Temperature and relative humidity have an obvious interactive effect on different types and populations of RD: when both temperature and humidity are at low levels, the number of outpatient visits for RD is higher. When the relative humidity is ≤50% and the temperature is ≤11°C, total RD outpatient visits increase by 4.502% for every 1°C drop in temperature; that is, a dry environment with low temperature has the most significant impact on RD.
Migration experience and mental health: A qualitative study in France and Brazil
Authors: Brunnet Alice Einloft , Kristensen Christian Haag , Lobo Nathália dos Santos , Derivois Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Background: The relationship between migration and mental health is complex and involves factors at different levels, as the individual history of the migrant, the collective history of their home country, the host society’s and their mutual past history. Even though the migratory scenario of France and Brazil has changed over the years, both countries currently host an important number of immigrants. Aim: The main objective of the present study was to describe and analyze the impacts of the migratory experience on mental health of migrants with different migration experiences and living in two countries: France and Brazil. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants, six in France and seven in Brazil. A thematic qualitative analysis of the data was performed using the ATLAS.TI software. Three themes were created based on the different times of the migration experience: before migration, during migration and after migration. All codes of these three bigger themes were organized in sub-themes for the samples in France and Brazil. Results: Participants in France described an important exposure to traumatic events before and during migration. In Brazil, the migration experiences were multiple, in some cases presenting a traumatic history, but in most cases migration was seen as an opportunity to have access to better life conditions. In both countries, participants reported a great level of psychological distress associated to post-migratory difficulties (e.g. unemployment, learning a new language, or facing a new cultural environment). Conclusions: Our results suggest that multidisciplinary interventions, with focus on skills development, such as language and work-related skills, and on access to basic needs may be essential for both voluntary and involuntary migrants. In addition to these interventions, some individuals may need specialized mental health intervention, focusing in past traumatic exposure and in the current acculturation process.
A radiomics model of predicting tumor volume change of patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer after radiotherapy
Authors: Yan Mengmeng , Wang Weidong 
Published: March 2021

To predict the volume change of stage III NSCLC after radiotherapy with 60 Gy. This retrospective study included two independent cohorts, a train cohort of 192 patients, and a test cohort of 31 patients. We developed a radiomics model based on radiomics features and clinical variables. LIFEx package was used to extract radiomics texture features from CT images. The classification method was logistic regression analysis and feature selection was performed by correlation coefficients. Performance metrics of logistic regression include accuracy, precision, the receiver operating characteristic curves, and recall. The combination features of clinical variables and radiomics can predict the tumor volume change after radiotherapy with 88.7% accuracy (88.6% precision, 88.7% recall, and 88.7% ROC area). Radiomics features combined with medical knowledge have a great potential to predict accurately tumor volume change of stage III NSCLC after radiotherapy with 60 Gy.
Rethinking Richardson: Sexual Harassment Damages in the #MeToo Era
Authors: Castles Madeleine , Hvala Tom , Pender Kieran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe 2014 judgment in Richardson v Oracle Corporation Australia Pty Ltd (‘Richardson’) had a seismic effect on workplace sexual harassment claims in Australia. Overnight, the ‘general range’ of damages awarded for non-economic loss in such cases increased from between $12 000 and $20 000 to $100 000 and above. The judgment has made Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) litigation considerably more attractive for plaintiffs and resulted in greater judicial recognition of the pain and suffering experienced by sexual harassment survivors. Richardson’s impact has also been felt beyond that immediate context, with the judgment cited in support of higher damages in discrimination cases and employment disputes. However, six years and over 40 judicial citations later, Richardson’s broader significance remains unclear—particularly following the emergence of the #MeToo movement. Drawing on a doctrinal analysis of subsequent case law and qualitative interviews with prominent Australian legal practitioners, this article evaluates Richardson’s legacy and considers how sexual harassment litigation may further evolve to reflect changing societal norms.
Predictors for Postoperative Chyle Leak Following Neck Dissection, a Technique‐Based Comparison
Authors: Dunlap Quinn , Bridges Matthew , Nelson Kurt , King Deanne , Stack Brendan C. , Vural Emre , Moreno Mauricio Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveAssess the impact of surgical technique used to address level IV on the rate of postoperative chyle leak.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingAcademic tertiary care center.MethodsAn analysis of 436 consecutive neck dissections (NDs) in 368 patients was performed by 3 head and neck surgeons between 2014 and 2017. Variation in technique reflects individual approaches to the management of level IV and included suture ligation (SL), monopolar electrocautery (MC), and harmonic scalpel transection (HS). Data points included patient demographics, surgical technique, intraoperative findings, postoperative chyle leaks, and leak management. Correlation between variables was analyzed through χ2 test and Student t test with statistical α set at. 05.ResultsOverall, 12 patients (3.2%) developed chyle leaks postoperatively. Nine of 12 and 3 of 12 presented with left‐ and right‐sided leaks, respectively. Five of 12 leaks occurred following bilateral ND, 5 of 12 following left ND, and 2 of 12 following right ND. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference (P =. 001) favoring SL (1.0%) and MC (1.2%) techniques over the HS technique (8.6%). A statistically significant increase existed in the rate of leak with endocrine vs nonendocrine pathology (P =. 003). Average duration of leak was 13.3 ± 13.5 days. Management included diet modification (n = 11, 91.6%), pressure‐dressing placement (n = 7, 58.3%), and octreotide (n = 5, 41.7%). No cases required reoperation, and no mortality or severe malnutrition was observed in this series.ConclusionsSL and MC techniques demonstrated superiority over the HS technique in preventative management of chyle leak in level IV, with a significantly higher rate of chyle leak observed in endocrine‐related pathology.
Populism and the separation of power and knowledge
Authors: Singer Brian C. J. 
Published: March 2021

Not long ago, under the influence of Michel Foucault, one spoke of the conjunction of knowledge and power, but in this post-truth era power appears singularly uninterested in knowledge, even as the supporters of Donald Trump claim that he alone of all politicians speaks the truth. This essay proposes to examine the relations of power and knowledge under the present populist assault. This analysis begins in the work of Claude Lefort, who spoke of the separation of knowledge and power in democracy’s symbolic regime, and is then counterposed to Ernesto Laclau’s understanding of ‘populist reason’ in order to explore the present torsion of this relation to the point where power can appear not just separated from, but opposed to knowledge. It will be argued that it is less a question of post-truth than of different forms of truth with different truth claims, borne by different imperatives, and tied to different forms of representation – truth claims that can, in relation to each other, be indifferent, complementary, or conflictual. With this in mind, the essay asks: what is the relation of the people to truth? Do those who claim to represent the people seek possession of a different kind of truth? What is the relation of populism to ideology? And what is populism’s relation to ‘post-modernism’?
Acupuncture Treatment of Delirium in Older Adults Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Departments: An Open-Label Pragmatic Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Levy Ilana , Gavrieli Sagi , Hefer Talia , Attias Samuel , Schiff Ariel , Oliven Ron , Wisberg-Levi Shikma , Hanchinsky Rina , Schiff Elad 
Published: March 2021

Background: Acupuncture seems to improve cognitive function in experimental models and to reduce agitation in dementia. The addition of acupuncture to standard-of-care (SOC) may improve clinical outcomes related to delirium in hospitalized older adults. Methods: This pragmatic open-label randomized-controlled trial evaluated 81 older adults hospitalized in an internal medicine ward and diagnosed with delirium. Fifty were randomized to daily acupuncture combined with SOC and 31 to SOC only for up to 1 week. Delirium was diagnosed using Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) tool, and its severity was assessed by the long CAM-Severity (CAM-S) tool. The primary study outcome was delirium resolution evaluated as time-to-first delirium remission (over 7 days) and the number of days spent delirium-free. Results: Time-to-first delirium remission was shorter in the acupuncture arm as compared to the SOC only arm (p < 0.001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a shorter time-to-first remission of delirium in the acupuncture arm as compared with SOC arm [Hazard Ratio 0.267 (95% CI 0.098-0.726, p = 0.010)]. In the 7 days of evaluation, a significantly higher number of delirium-free days was found in the acupuncture arm compared to the SOC arm (p < 0.001), and CAM-S sum from day 2 to day 7 of evaluation was significantly lower in the acupuncture group compared to the control group (p = 0.002). No adverse safety event was found in the acupuncture group. Conclusion: Acupuncture seems to be safe and effective in the treatment of delirium in older patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments.
Adapting Palliative Care Skills to Provide Substance Use Disorder Treatment to Patients With Serious Illness
Authors: Jones Katie Fitzgerald , Ho J. Janet , Sager Zachary , Childers Julie , Merlin Jessica 
Published: March 2021

Background: The majority of Palliative Care (PC) clinicians report recently caring for a person with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD). The impact of an untreated SUD is associated with significant suffering but many PC clinicians report a lack of confidence in managing this population. Objective: This paper aims to demonstrate existing PC skills that can be adapted to provide primary SUD treatment. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on quality PC domains and core SUD treatment principles. To demonstrate the shared philosophy and skills of PC clinicians and SUD treatment, the National Consensus Project Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care and resources outlining core Addiction Medicine and Nursing Competencies were used. Results: There is an abundance of overlapping domains in PC and SUD treatment. This paper focuses on the domains of communication, team-based care, quality of life considerations, addressing social determinants of health, and adherence to ethical principles. In each section, the shared domain in PC and SUD treatment is discussed and steps to expand PC clinician's skills are provided. Conclusion: PC clinicians may be among the last healthcare touchpoint for persons with SUD, by naming the shared skills required in PC and evidenced-based SUD treatment, we challenge the field to undertake primary SUD treatment as part of its constant pursuit to better serve people living with serious illness.
Three-Dimensional Assessment of Craniofacial Features in Patients With Down Syndrome During the Mixed Dentition Period: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Takizawa Hideomi , Takahashi Masahiro , Maki Koutaro 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Down syndrome (DS) is a common congenital chromosomal disorder related to trisomy 21. Lateral cephalometric radiography studies have shown that patients with DS have characteristic craniofacial morphology; however, no 3-dimensional analysis studies have been performed to investigate the craniofacial features, including volumetric aspects, of patients with DS. The present study was performed to evaluate the craniofacial features, including volumetric aspects, of patients with DS and to compare these findings with control participants using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 12 patients with DS and 12 control participants. All participants were examined by means of CBCT; the resulting images were used for evaluation of maxillary and mandibular volume, cranial base, and craniofacial measurements. Differences between patients with DS and control participants were statistically analyzed using Student t test. Results: Compared to control participants, patients with DS exhibited statistically significant reductions in maxillary and mandibular volumes. Both sagittal and axial cranial base linear measurements were shorter in patients with DS than in control participants. In contrast, the cranial base angle was enhanced in patients with DS, compared with control participants. Moreover, condylion (Co)–gnathion, anterior nasal spine–menton, and Co-subspinale (point A) measurements were shorter in patients with DS than in control participants; the sella–nasion–mandibular plane angle was significantly reduced in patients with DS, compared with control participants. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with DS have distinct skeletal volume and craniofacial morphology features, relative to individuals without DS.
Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy—Current and Future Therapies
Authors: Yadav Jankhna D. , Othee Harjot , Chan Kelly A. , Man Damen C. , Belliveau Paul P. , Towle Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) and discuss current treatments and investigational products and their effect on patient outcomes. Data Sources: A literature search was performed in PubMed (September 2018 to December 2020) using the following keywords: transthyretin amyloidosis, cardiomyopathy, polyneuropathy and transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, monoclonal light-chain, tafamidis, cardiac amyloidosis, ATTR cardiomyopathy, green tea and inhibition of cardiac amyloidosis, AG10, tolcapone, tolcapone and leptomeningeal ATTR, PRX004, NI006, patisiran, inotersen, vutrisiran, AKCEA-TTR-LRx, and NTLA-2001. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Clinical trials were evaluated for evidence supporting pharmacology, safety, efficacy, and measured outcomes. Data Synthesis: Until 2019, there were no approved treatments for ATTR-CM. Treatment consisted of symptom management and organ transplant. Nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments focused on the symptoms of heart failure (HF) associated with ATTR-CM. However, there are several emerging therapies recently approved or in development to address the underlying pathophysiology. Treatment classes for ATTR-CM include transthyretin stabilizers, human monoclonal antibodies, gene silencers, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: ATTR-CM is a complex disease in which amyloidosis causes cardiomyopathy. Underdiagnosis is attributed to the clinical presentation being heterogeneous, indistinguishable from HF caused by other etiologies, and the need for invasive testing modalities, including endomyocardial biopsy. Improved diagnostic approaches along with targeted therapies can slow disease progression and enhance patient quality of life. Conclusion: Diagnostic modalities along with biomarker and genetic testing could detect disease earlier and target therapy more accurately. Novel therapies demonstrate potential treatment benefits and can help shape the standard of care for these patients.
Novel technique of tetra trephination for elliptical-shaped tectonic patch grafts in peripheral sterile keratolysis
Authors: Bafna Rahul Kumar , Kalra Nidhi , Asif Mohamed Ibrahime , Agarwal Rinky , Lata Suman , Titiyal Jeewan Singh , Sharma Namrata , Vikas Shiv Jee 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To describe a novel technique of tectonic patch grafts for elliptical-shaped peripheral sterile keratolysis with iris prolapse. Methods: We performed a full thickness corneo-scleral patch graft in five eyes of five patients with elliptical-shaped peripheral sterile keratolysis with perforation and iris tissue prolapse. In this technique, four disposable trephines with predetermined diameter were employed to fashion both the host and the donor without any free-hand dissection. An intact anatomical integrity of the globe without the need for any repeat tectonic measures was considered as a successful outcome. Results: The mean age was 34.2 ± 10.2 years (18–45). The mean total surgical time and donor preparation time was 94.4 ± 7.12 min and 7.6 ± 1.14 min, respectively. The intraoperative course was uneventful in all cases and all eyes had a well-maintained corneal integrity till 6 months follow up. Conclusion: We describe a simple, reproducible, and time-saving technique of performing elliptical shaped corneoscleral patch grafts for peripheral corneal perforations with iris prolapse.
Terrorism and Brain Drain in Pakistan: Is There a Connection?
Authors: Feroz Sidra , Yasmin Bushra 
Published: March 2021

This study empirically investigates the effect of terrorism and other push and pull factors on the skilled labour out-migration in Pakistan over the time period 1973–2015. The empirical findings based on fully modified ordinary least squares (FM-OLS) technique suggest that the waves of terrorism have not significantly driven the out-migration of skilled labour from Pakistan. Relatively, traditional push factors including inflation, unemployment and rising capital share in gross domestic product (GDP) have remained the major factors behind brain drain from Pakistan. Comparatively, the per capita economic growth, poverty and host and origin country’s emigration policies have curtailed the skilled out-migration. The findings suggest improving socio-economic conditions, increasing GDP per capita and decreasing unemployment and inflation in order to control the out-migration of skilled workers from Pakistan. Besides, the domestic labour market is required to boost the absorption capacity of highly educated and qualified workers in the country by making them more compatible to the existing stock of capital to restrict the brain drain. JEL: F22, F52, J24, C32