bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracing the Footprints
Authors: Abrams Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
NASA is engaged in a new program to send astronauts back to the lunar surface. Some elements of the new program, called Artemis, will seem like carbon copies of the 1960s roadmap to the Moon. Bu the effort will take advantage of computers, design tools, and materials that are radically more advanced than they were for the Apollo program.
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine Fueled With Mineral Diesel and Butanol at Varying Premixed Ratios and Loads
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Singh Akhilendra Pratap , Kumar Vikram 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Researchers have investigated reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in the past several years because of its excellent combustion, performance, and emission features. In this experimental study, the RCCI combustion strategy was investigated using mineral diesel/butanol fuel-pair at various premixed ratios (rp) on an energy basis (rp = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) at varying engine loads (BMEP = 1, 2, 3, and 4 bars) vis-à-vis baseline compression ignition (CI) combustion (rp = 0.0) strategy. Experiments were performed at constant engine speed (1500 rpm) in a single-cylinder research engine equipped with state-of-the-art features. The outcome of the investigation showed that port injection of Butanol as low reactivity fuel (LRF) improved the combustion and yielded superior engine performance than baseline CI combustion strategy. Engine exhaust emissions exhibited significantly lower nitrogen (NOx) oxides with butanol RCCI combustion strategy than baseline CI combustion strategy. Increasing rp of butanol showed improved combustion and emission characteristics; however, performance characteristics were not affected significantly. Particulate characteristics of the RCCI combustion strategy also showed a significant reduction in particle number concentration than baseline CI combustion. Slightly different combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of mineral diesel/ butanol-fueled RCCI combustion strategy compared to other test fuels such as mineral diesel/methanol, and mineral diesel/ethanol-fueled RCCI combustion strategy was an interesting observation of this study. Overall, this study indicated that butanol could be used as LRF in RCCI combustion engines to achieve superior combustion and emission characteristics.
Ten-year-and-beyond longitudinal change of ß-zone parapapillary atrophy in glaucoma: association with retinal nerve fibre layer defect
Authors: Bak Eunoo , Kim Yong Woo , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTo investigate the longitudinal change of localised retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects associated with change of ß-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes.MethodsPOAG patients with a localised RNFL defect and ß-zone PPA who had undergone disc/RNFL photography at 1-year intervals for 10 years or longer were enrolled. The topographic parameters of ß-zone PPA (area, maximal radial extent and angular extent around disc) were measured. Progression of RNFL defect was defined as widening of defect and/or appearance of new defect. The factors associated with progression of RNFL defect were assessed by OR using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 209 patients (209 eyes) with POAG were included (mean: 54 years old). Over the course of 11.5±2.3-year follow-up period, progression of RNFL defect was detected in 114 eyes (54.5%). Enlargement of PPA parameters (area and angular extent) was significantly more common in patients with RNFL defect progression than in eyes without progression (all p<0.001, respectively). Widening of radial extent did not show a significant difference in both groups (p=0.61). Increment of angular extent was in the direction of RNFL defect progression in 82.1% of eyes. Progression of RNFL defect was significantly associated with disc haemorrhage (OR: 6.653, p<0.001), enlargement of PPA area (OR: 4.114, p=0.004) and angular extent (OR: 6.572, p<0.001).ConclusionsProgression of RNFL defect is associated with increment of angular extent of PPA in POAG eyes.
Review of recent treatment trends of laryngeal cancer in Poland: a population-based study
Authors: Rzepakowska Anna , Żurek Michał , Niemczyk Kazimierz 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the utilisation of different treatment modalities for patients with laryngeal cancer (LC) during last decade in Poland.SettingRetrospective population-based study.ParticipantsPatients with LC treated between January 2009 and December 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe contemporary utilisation of treatment modalities of LC: surgery with intent of radical resection (total or partial laryngectomy), radiotherapy (RT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT).ResultsThere was determined the overall number of 22 957 new diagnosis of LC from 2010 to 2018 and confirmed the steady decrease in the incidence rate of LC in the following years from 7.7 to 6.03. The mean age of patients with LC was raising by an average of 0.3832 of year per year. There was observed decrease in number of total laryngectomies (TLs) in subsequent years (from 1122 in 2009 to 776 in 2018). The number of procedures involving partial laryngeal resection was within stable ranges however the upward trend was observed separately for vocal cordectomy. There was established decreased involvement of surgery in LC treatment from 52.8% in 2009 to 24.3% in 2016 with the subsequent rise to 33.7% in 2018. The percentage of patients receiving RT increased from 23.8% in 2009 to 42.1% in 2013 with the next decrease to 25.7% in 2018. The utilisation of CRT in LC treatment was progressively increasing over analysed years from 23.4% in 2009 reaching 40.6% in 2018.ConclusionsThe presented data revealed an increase in total number of organs preserving treatment modality with CRT in subsequent years with decreasing number of TLs in Polish patients with LC.
Developing a blended learning postgraduate teaching programme in anaesthesia: pandemic and beyond
Authors: Cooke Peter Charles , Hajamohideen Nisha , Gooneratne Hasanthi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the many challenges facing doctors in training during the COVID-19 pandemic was a significant reduction in postgraduate medical education in the form of formal teaching. Consequently, we sought to provide a blended and asynchronous teaching programme that would be delivered to anaesthetic trainees preparing for their postgraduate examinations. Six sessions of 90-minute duration were delivered during the months July, August and September 2020. Each of the six sessions was delivered live using a variety of online educational tools in addition to traditional didactic-style teaching by the presenters. Participants submitted requests for topics to be covered by the presenters in the final of the six sessions. The sessions were recorded and later uploaded onto an online educational learning platform for viewing at the participants' discretion. The live nature of the sessions ensured participant interaction and a sense of community that trainees had come to expect from previous face-to-face teaching sessions prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.Evaluation was via qualitative and quantitative means using preset questions using the Likert scale and a free-text comments box. The results demonstrated positive feedback across all sessions with particular relevance to the interactive element of the course, the content and delivery.This article describes the requirement for a method of continuing postgraduate medical education in an era where traditional face-to-face teaching is not possible and how the introduction of various innovative educational applications and resources can be used to further postgraduate medical education in the future.
Programming to S1PR1
+
Endothelial Cells Promotes Restoration of Vascular Integrity
Authors: Akhter Md Zahid , Chandra Joshi Jagdish , Balaji Ragunathrao Vijay Avin , Maienschein-Cline Mark , Proia Richard L. , Malik Asrar B. , Mehta Dolly 
Published: April 2021

Rationale:
Increased endothelial permeability and defective repair are the hallmarks of several vascular diseases, including acute lung injury. However, little is known about the intrinsic pathways activating the endothelial cell (EC) regenerative programs.

Objective:

Studies have invoked a crucial role of S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate) in resolving endothelial hyperpermeability through the activation of the GPCR (G-protein–coupled receptor), S1PR1 (S1P receptor 1). Here, we addressed mechanisms of generation of a population of S1PR1
+
EC and their pivotal role in restoring endothelial integrity.

Methods and Results:

Studies were made using inducible
EC-S1PR1
−/−
(
iEC-S1PR1
−/−
) mice and S1PR1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) reporter mice to trace the generation of S1PR1
+
EC. We observed in a mouse model of endotoxemia that S1P generation induced the programming of S1PR1
lo
to S1PR1
+
EC, which eventually comprised 80% of the lung EC. The cell transition was required for reestablishing the endothelial junctional barrier. We observed that conditional deletion of S1PR1 in EC increased endothelial permeability. RNA-seq analysis of S1PR1
+
EC showed enrichment of genes regulating S1P synthesis and transport, specifically SPHK1 (sphingosine kinase 1) and SPNS2 (sphingolipid transporter 2). Activation of transcription factors EGR1 (early growth response 1) and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) was required for transcribing SPHK1 and SPNS2, respectively, and both served to increase S1P production and amplify S1PR1
+
EC transition. Furthermore, transplantation of S1PR1
+
EC population into injured lung vasculature restored endothelial integrity.

Conclusions:

Our findings show that generation of the S1PR1
+
EC population activates the endothelial regenerative program to mediate endothelial repair. Results raise the possibility of harnessing this pathway to restore vascular homeostasis in inflammatory vascular injury states.
Militant Landscape: Notes on Counter-Figuration from Early Modern
Genre Formation to Contemporary Practices, or, Landscape after the Failure of
Representation
Authors: Mansoor Jaleh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 1844, the year of Marx's Philosophical and Economic Manuscripts, J.M.W. Turner presented Rain, Steam, and Speed: The Great Western Railway, the first landscape painting to both articulate the ontological shifts brought about by new modes of extraction and production, but also to suggest concomitant transformation in perception. In this way, it collapsed the dialectical relation between perceiving subject and external landscape, suggesting the reciprocal relationship of reification. In 2013, the contemporary artist and filmmaker Zachary Formwalt produced a piece entitled Projective Geometry in which he read from Chapter 25 of Marx's Capital, the chapter on “So-called Primitive Accumulation.” This voice-over accompanies footage—each shot organized in rigorous single point perspective—of the railroad built by England, France, and Belgium extending from the Ivory Coast to the Cape. Formwalt also unearthed documents from archives in those Imperialist nation states and former/present empires casually mentioning the now unruly, now obedient, yet always “pesky” local African labor that lost life to the enterprise of transportation of local resource extraction to which they were utterly disposable. This essay will describe and analyze both works of art crossing Modernism, aka the culture wing of Modernity (itself a polite term for the ontological shifts brought about by the capitalist mode of production) through the theoretical matrix of Marx, Luxemburg, Sohn-Rethel, and Courtauld.
Association between post-balloon angioplasty dissection and primary patency in complex femoropopliteal artery disease: 2-year clinical outcomes of the AcoArt I trial
Authors: Ren Hao , Liu Jie , Zhang Jiwei , Zhuang Baixi , Fu Weiguo , Wu Danming , Wang Feng , Zhao Yu , Guo Pingfan , Bi Wei , Wang Shenming , Guo Wei 
Published: April 2021

Objective To assess the association between post-balloon angioplasty dissection and the mid-term results of the AcoArt I trial evaluating complex femoropopliteal artery disease. Methods The outcome data for 144 patients from the AcoArt 1 trial were reanalysed. These patients were randomly divided into percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and drug-coated balloons (DCB) groups. The primary endpoint was the primary patency (PP) rate and clinically-driven target lesion revascularisation at 24 months. Results After 24 months of follow-up, the PP rate of dissection cases in the PTA group was lower vs non-dissection cases. In patients receiving a bailout stent for dissection, the PP rate in the PTA group was lower vs the DCB group. Cox regression analysis showed that dissection decreased the PP rate; mild dissection reduced the PP rate as follows: 52%, PTA group and 19%, DCB group. With severe dissection, the PP rate reduction was as follows: 75%, PTA group and 73%, DCB group. Conclusions The mid-term follow-up showed that post-balloon angioplasty dissection reduced the PP rate in the PTA group but not in the DCB group. Additionally, in patients receiving a bailout stent for dissection, the DCB group had a better PP rate than the PTA group.
Three dimensional gait analyses in dizygotic twin athletes
Authors: Aydın Canan Gönen , Hekim Hanife Hale , Üçpunar Hanifi , Öztaş Dilek , Bayhan Avni İlhan 
Published: April 2021

Gait analysis and gait indices are frequently used to evaluate gait pathologies and outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in gait parameters of dizygotic twin athletes according to each other and athletes group who are similar age but non-twin. Eighty-four athletes without any disease that could cause gait pathology were included the study. Time-distance measurements, kinematic – kinetic variables, and gait deviation index (GDI) of the gait functions of twin athletes (17 boys and 25 girls, height: 153.9 ± 15 cm, weight: 45.9 ± 12 kg, leg length 80.5 ± 11 cm) were compared with each other and with 42 sex and age matched non-twins athletes (height: 155 ± 15 cm, weight: 47 ± 14 kg, leg length 80.6 ± 9.8 cm, mean age 11.8 ± 2.29, range 6–15 years). No statistically significant difference was found about the time, distance parameters and GDIs in comparison of twin athletes with each other and the non-twin group. Additionally, kinetic and kinematic variables were similar in between twins. We measured lower adduction angles and higher abduction angles in non-twin athletes in comparison to the twin athletes ( p = 0.01, 0.04). Additionally, the angle of knee flexion at the first contact was higher in non-twins ( p = 0.003). Being dizygotic twin seems to have no clinical effect on gait function in athletes.
Allograft Interposition Bone Graft for First Metatarsal Phalangeal Arthrodesis: Salvage After Bone Loss and Shortening of the First Ray
Authors: Burke John E. , Shi Glenn G. , Wilke Benjamin K. , Whalen Joseph L. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated success in using autogenous bone graft for arthrodesis in patients with failed surgeries of the hallux. These patients have several causes for pain and dysfunction preoperatively, including a shortened first ray, nonunion, and poor hallux alignment. Methods: In this study, a consecutive series of 36 patients (38 procedures) were treated with a patellar wedge interposition structural allograft to salvage bone loss from great toe arthrodesis malunion, painful joint replacement, failed osteotomy, or infection of the great toe metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint with shortening of the first ray. The goals of the surgery were to restore length to the first ray and provide a stable MP joint fusion to relieve pain. The 38 treated toes were evaluated for preoperative and postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) MP scores, subjective patient outcome scores, and clinically successful fusion of the hallux. Results: At a minimum 1-year follow-up (mean, 3.2 years), all but 2 feet healed with a solid fusion, and all healed patients reported good or excellent outcomes. AOFAS MP scores averaged 43.5 preoperatively and 77.2 postoperatively. Three patients with infection as cause for nonunion of the initial procedure were treated with staged procedures, including the use of a temporary antibiotic spacer and mini external fixator; all 3 healed without recurrent infection. One patient had a fracture of her allograft following her interposition arthrodesis, but it fused successfully after a second interposition arthrodesis surgery. Two patients developed a nonunion of the revision arthrodesis. Conclusion: The use of an interposition patellar wedge allograft can restore length to the first ray and provide successful salvage of arthrodesis nonunions and bone loss from failed hemiarthroplasty and total joint implants of the great toe MP joint. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
A Novel Nomogram for Individually Predicting of Vascular Invasion in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Meng Yongsheng , Huang Xiaoliang , Liu Jungang , Chen Jianhong , Bu Zhaoting , Wu Guo , Xie Weishun , Jeen Franco , Huang Lingxu , Tian Chao , Mo Xianwei , Tang Weizhong 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Vascular invasion (VI) is associated with recurrence and is an indicator of poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC). Pre-operative identification of VI may guide the selection of the optimal surgical approach and assess the requirement for neoadjuvant therapy. Methods: A total of 271 patients were retrospectively collected and randomly allocated into the training and validation datasets. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to select potentially relevant features, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the nomogram. Results: The nomogram consisted of pre-operative serum complement C3 levels, duration of symptoms, pre-operative computed tomography stage, abdominal distension and undifferentiated carcinoma. The nomogram provided good calibration for both the training and the validation set, with area under the curve values of 0.792 and 0.774. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusion: The present study constructed a nomogram for the pre-operative prediction of VI in patients with GC. The nomogram may aid the identification of high-risk patients and aid the optimization of pre-operative decision-making.
Management of Maxillofacial Gunshot Injuries With Emphasis on Damage Control Surgery During the Yemen Civil War. Review of 173 Victims From a Level 1 Trauma Hospital in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Daniels John S. , Albakry Ibrahim , Braimah Ramat O. , Samara Mohammed I. , Albalasi Rabea A. , Al-Rayshan Saleh M.A. 
Published: April 2021

Study Design: Studies on the concept of Damage Control Surgery (DCS) in the management of firearm injuries to the oral and maxillofacial region are still scarce, hence the basis for the current study. Objectives: The objectives of the current study is to share our experience in the management of maxillofacial gunshot injuries with emphasis on DCS and early definitive surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective study of combatant Yemeni patients with maxillofacial injuries who were transferred across the border from Yemen to Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Demographics and etiology of injuries were stored. Paths of entry and exit of the projectiles were also noted. Also recorded were types of gunshot injury and treatment protocols adopted. Data was stored and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results: A total of 408 victims, all males, were seen during the study period with 173 (42.4%) males sustaining gunshot injuries to the maxillofacial region. Their ages ranged from 21 to 56 years with mean ± SD (27.5 ± 7.6) years. One hundred and twenty-one (70.0%) victims had extraoral bullet entry, while 53 (30.0%) victims had intraoral entry route. Ocular injuries, consisting of 25 (14.5%) cases of ruptured globe and 6 (3.5%) cases of corneal injuries, were the most commonly associated injuries. A total of 78 (45.1%) hemodynamically unstable victims had DCS as the adopted treatment protocol while early definitive surgery was carried out in 47(27.2%) hemodynamically stable victims. ORIF was the treatment modality used for the fractures in 132 (76.3%) of the victims. Conclusions: We observed that 42.4% of the war victims sustained gunshot injuries. DCS with ORIF was the main treatment protocol adopted in the management of the hemodynamically unstable patients.
#RadialFirst and #RadialForNeuro: A descriptive analysis of Twitter conversations regarding transradial access
Authors: Robertson Faith C , Linzey Joseph R , Alotaibi Naif M , Regenhardt Robert W , Harker Pablo , Vranic Justin , Dmytriw Adam A , Koch Matthew J. , Stapleton Christopher J , Leslie-Mazwi Thabele M , Patel Aman B 
Published: April 2021

Background Transradial access for neurointerventional procedures was adopted and modified from cardiovascular intervention and is increasingly established as a safe and effective alternative to transfemoral catheterization. As social media influences public opinion on medical treatment, this study analyzes Twitter conversations to elucidate social media’s depiction of transradial access as a neurointerventional tool. Materials and methods Twitter hashtags #RadialFirst and #RadialForNeuro were evaluated using a mixed-method analysis of quantitative social media metrics and qualitative thematic analysis. Results Between January 2015 and April 2020, 104,146 tweets from 141 countries employed the hashtag #RadialFirst (2015 (1); 2016 (0); 2017 (22,804); 2018 (33,074); 2019 (38,352); 2020 (9,915 January-April)). These generated 226,909,374 impressions and were retweeted 80,120 times by 13,707 users. Media was present in 62.5% of tweets (e.g. wrist image, angiographic runs) but only 14.5% had a reference article. Physicians authored 70.8% of tweets; interventional cardiologists accounted for 83% of top 100 influencers. #RadialForNeuro is more nascent (6 posts in 2019; 323 posts January–April 2020), with 392,662 impressions, and 254 retweets by 177 users; physicians authored 35.6%. Compared to #RadialFirst, #RadialforNeuro tweets were more likely to include media (76%), less likely to include citations (9.7%), and more likely to discuss complications and troubleshooting techniques. Conclusion Twitter activity regarding transradial access permits information dissemination and discussion on approach benefits and challenges. However, many posts arise from non-physician sources and lack links to peer-reviewed publication. The public should be mindful that tweets may reflect opinions, rather than experience or scientific evidence.