bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease Expression and Outcomes in Black and White Adults With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arabadjian Milla E. , Yu Gary , Sherrid Mark V. , Dickson Victoria Vaughan 
Published: August 2021

Background
There is limited research on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which is the most common inherited cardiac disorder, in diverse populations, including Black individuals. Current literature lacks comprehensive data on HCM disease expression, comorbidities, and outcomes in this historically disadvantaged group. The purpose of this study was to examine structural HCM characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes in a Black and White cohort with HCM.

Methods and Results

The study was a subgroup analysis from a longitudinal, prospective study on HCM, with supplemental chart review. The sample included adults (≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of HCM, who self‐identified as Black/African American or White. The study sample comprised 434 individuals; 57 (13.1%) were Black, and 180 (41.5%) were women. Black patients were younger than White patients, 54.6 (13.4) versus 62.5 (14.8) years,
P
=0.001. Black patients were more likely to have sub‐basal and diffuse hypertrophy, 22 (38.6%) versus 56 (14.9%),
P
<0.001, 6 (10.5%) versus 15 (4%),
P
=0.017, mid‐LV obstruction, 7 (12.3%) versus 21 (5.5%),
P
=0.025, and cardiac fibrosis ≥15%, 10 (22.2%) versus 19 (8.8%),
P
=0.009, than White patients. Black patients were more likely to experience appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator interventions, 5 (38.5) versus 5 (6.8),
P
<0.001 and were more likely to have ≥2 sudden death risk factors. Comorbidities were largely similar between groups, though more Black participants had Class II obesity, 12 (21.8) versus 30 (8.1),
P
<0.001. Both groups had similar rates of genetic testing usage.

Conclusions
This study underscores the need for continued research of HCM in Black populations, including tailored approaches to diagnosis and precise evaluation of cardiac anatomy.
Incident Heart Failure Within the First and Fifth Year after Delivery Among Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Prepregnancy Hypertension in a Diverse Population
Authors: Malek Angela M. , Wilson Dulaney A. , Turan Tanya N. , Mateus Julio , Lackland Daniel T. , Hunt Kelly J. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and pre‐pregnancy hypertension are associated with increased morbidity and mortality for the mother. Our aim was to investigate the relationships between HDP and pre‐pregnancy hypertension with maternal heart failure (HF) within 1 and 5 years of delivery and to examine racial/ethnic differences.

Methods and Results
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in South Carolina (2004–2016) involving 425 649 women aged 12 to 49 years (58.9% non‐Hispanic White [NHW], 31.5% non‐Hispanic Black [NHB], 9.6% Hispanic) with a live, singleton birth. Incident HF was defined by hospital/emergency department visit and death certificate data. Pre‐pregnancy hypertension and HDP (preeclampsia, eclampsia, or gestational hypertension) were based on hospitalization/emergency department visit and birth certificate data (i.e., gestational hypertension for HDP). The 425 649 women had pre‐pregnancy hypertension without superimposed HDP (pre‐pregnancy hypertension alone; 0.4%), HDP alone (15.7%), pre‐pregnancy hypertension with superimposed HDP (both conditions; 2.2%), or neither condition in any pregnancy (81.7%). Incident HF event rates per 1000 person‐years were higher in NHB than NHW women with HDP (HDP: 2.28 versus 0.96; both conditions: 4.30 versus 1.22, respectively). After adjustment, compared with women with neither condition, incident HF risk within 5 years of delivery was increased for women with pre‐pregnancy hypertension (HR,2.55, 95% CI: 1.31–4.95), HDP (HR,4.20, 95% CI: 3.66–4.81), and both conditions (HR,5.25, 95% CI: 4.24–6.50).

Conclusions
Women with HDP and pre‐pregnancy hypertension were at higher HF risk (highest for superimposed preeclampsia) within 5 years of delivery. NHB women with HDP had higher HF risk than NHW women, regardless of pre‐pregnancy hypertension.
Racial and Sex Disparities in Anticoagulation After Electrical Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter
Authors: Mentias Amgad , Nakhla Shady , Desai Milind Y. , Wazni Oussama , Menon Venu , Kapadia Samir , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary 
Published: August 2021

Background
Anticoagulation is indicated for 4 weeks after cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter. We sought to examine whether there is evidence of sex or racial disparity in anticoagulant prescription following cardioversion, and whether postcardioversion anticoagulation affects outcomes.

Methods and Results

We identified a representative sample of Medicare patients who underwent elective electric cardioversion in an outpatient setting from 2015 to 2017. We identified patients who had an anticoagulant prescription for 3 months after the cardioversion date. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with a prescription of an anticoagulant after cardioversion. Cox regression analysis was used to test association of anticoagulation with a composite end point of 90‐day mortality, ischemic stroke, or arterial embolism. The final study cohort included 7860 patients. Overall, 5510 patients (70.1%) received any anticoagulation following cardioversion, while 2350 (29.9%) did not. Patients who did not receive anticoagulation were younger, with a lower burden of most comorbidities. Patients were less likely to receive anticoagulation if they had dementia or atrial flutter, while patients with valvular heart disease, obesity, heart failure, peripheral vascular or coronary disease, or hypertension were more likely to receive anticoagulation. Female sex (adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75–0.92;
P
<0.001), Black and Hispanic race (adjusted odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38–0.65; and odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41–0.75, respectively;
P
<0.001) were independently associated with lower probability of anticoagulant prescription. Postcardioversion anticoagulation was associated with lower risk of the composite end point (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.27–0.52;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Racial and sex disparities exist in anticoagulant prescription after outpatient elective cardioversion for atrial fibrillation.
Evaluation framework for sub-daily rainfall extremes simulated by regional climate models
Authors: Van de Vyver Hans , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , De Troch Rozemien , De Cruz Lesley , Hamdi Rafiq , Villanueva-Birriel Cecille , Marbaix Philippe , van Ypersele Jean-Pascal , Wouters Hendrik , Vanden Broucke Sam , van Lipzig Nicole P.M. , Doutreloup Sébastien , Wyard Coraline , Scholzen Chloé , Fettweis Xavier , Caluwaerts Steven , Termonia Piet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSub-daily precipitation extremes are high-impact events that can result in flash floods, sewer system overload, or landslides. Several studies have reported an intensification of projected short-duration extreme rainfall in a warmer future climate. Traditionally, regional climate models (RCMs) are run at a coarse resolution using deep-convection parameterization for these extreme events. As computational resources are continuously ramping up, these models are run at convection-permitting resolution, thereby partly resolving the small-scale precipitation events explicitly. To date, a comprehensive evaluation of convection-permitting models is still missing. We propose an evaluation strategy for simulated sub-daily rainfall extremes that summarizes the overall RCM performance. More specifically, the following metrics are addressed: the seasonal/diurnal cycle, temperature and humidity dependency, temporal scaling and spatio-temporal clustering. The aim of this paper is: (i) to provide a statistical modeling framework for some of the metrics, based on extreme value analysis, (ii) to apply the evaluation metrics to a micro-ensemble of convection-permitting RCM simulations over Belgium, against high-frequency observations, and (iii) to investigate the added value of convection-permitting scales with respect to coarser 12-km resolution. We find that convection-permitting models improved precipitation extremes on shorter time scales (i.e, hourly or two-hourly), but not on 6h-24h time scales. Some metrics such as the diurnal cycle or the Clausius-Clapeyron rate are improved by convection-permitting models, whereas the seasonal cycle appears robust across spatial scales. On the other hand, the spatial dependence is poorly represented at both convection-permitting scales and coarser scales. Our framework provides perspectives for improving high-resolution atmospheric numerical modeling and datasets for hydrological applications.
Mechanisms of European summer drying under climate change
Authors: Tuel Alexandre , Eltahir Elfatih A. B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe geography of Europe as a continental landmass, located between the arid Sahara and the cold high latitudes (both are dry in terms of absolute humidity), dictates the reliance during summer of Southern Europe (south of 45°N) on stored water from winter and spring, and of Northwestern Europe on a small concentrated low-level moisture jet from the North Atlantic. In a recent study, we explained the projected winter precipitation decline over the Mediterranean under climate change as due to shifts in upper tropospheric stationary waves and to the regional-scale land-water warming contrast. Here, based on the analysis of observations and output from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models,we expand this theory further, documenting howthe winter precipitation decline expands into Southern Europe during spring, dictated by similar dynamical mechanisms, depleting soil moisture and setting the stage for drier summers via soil moisture-precipitation feedbacks. Over Northwestern Europe, an anomalous anticyclonic circulation west of the British Isles displaces the low-level moisture jet northwards, limiting moisture supply, and reducing low-level relative humidity (RH) and rainfall. Finally, we discuss how this comprehensive perspective of European summer climate change can help better understand the variations across model projections, and pave the way for their reduction.
Compressible EULAG Dynamical Core in COSMO: Convective-Scale Alpine Weather Forecasts
Authors: Ziemiański Michał Z. , Wójcik Damian K. , Rosa Bogdan , Piotrowski Zbigniew P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the semi-implicit compressible EULAG as a new dynamical core for convective-scale numerical weather prediction. The core is implemented within the infrastructure of the operational model of the Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling (COSMO), forming the NWP COSMO-EULAG model (CE). This regional high-resolution implementation of the dynamical core complements its global implementation in the Finite-Volume Module of ECMWF’s Integrated Forecasting System. The paper documents the first operational-like application of the dynamical core for realistic weather forecasts. After discussing the formulation of the core and its coupling with the host model, the paper considers several high-resolution prognostic experiments over complex Alpine orography. Standard verification experiments examine the sensitivity of the CE forecast to the choice of the advection routine and assess the forecast skills against those of the default COSMO Runge–Kutta dynamical core at 2.2-km grid size showing a general improvement. The skills are also compared using satellite observations for a weak-flow convective Alpine weather case study, showing favorable results. Additional validation of the new CE framework for partly convection-resolving forecasts using 1.1-, 0.55-, 0.22-, and 0.1-km grids, designed to challenge its numerics and test the dynamics–physics coupling, demonstrates its high robustness in simulating multiphase flows over complex mountain terrain, with slopes reaching 85°, and the flow’s realistic representation.
Work physical activity culture and need support impacts on physical activity outcomes
Authors: Thomas Erica M , Martin Jeffrey , McCaughtry Nathan , Kulik Noel , Fahlman Mariane 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To test Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and examine whether employee perceptions of the workplace physical activity (PA) culture have statistically significant effects on PA behaviour and attitudes, as mediated by the three basic psychological needs. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Furniture manufacturer in the Midwest, USA. Method: Full-time employees with access to PA resources and facilities at work were surveyed ( N = 546; age range = 18–65) on the following measures: demographics, independent variables (PA need supportiveness of work environment, PA norms, social support for PA, employer value of PA and importance of PA), dependent variables (PA at work, PA leisure and PA attitudes) and mediators (psychological need satisfaction in PA for autonomy, competence and relatedness). Standard univariate statistics described the study population. Structural equation modelling (SEM) assessed the associations between independent, dependent and mediator variables. Results: Results from this study indicate PA and attitude towards PA are influenced by perceptions of the environment and various aspects of workplace culture. Statistically significant paths were found within the SEM model between attitude and social support, injunctive norms and PA value; PA done at work and autonomy need satisfaction, competence need satisfaction and descriptive norms; and PA done in leisure time and PA value. Conclusion: In the sample surveyed, work PA culture influences PA behaviour and attitudes. Different aspects of work PA culture influence PA performed at work compared to PA in leisure time.
Interventions to support the mental health of survivors of modern slavery and human trafficking: A systematic review
Authors: Wright Nicola , Jordan Melanie , Lazzarino Runa 
Published: August 2021

Background: Modern slavery is a term which incorporates a range of exploitative situations that involve the violation of human rights and the subjugation of individuals. It presents a significant public health concern. Post-release, survivors of modern slavery have complex mental health needs. Whilst mental health provision is a component of international and national policy, the delivery of evidence-based support remains a gap in the global anti-slavery response. Aim: To identify and synthesise the evidence base for mental health interventions developed and evaluated for use in a post-slavery survivor population. Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken. The review protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO and followed the PRISMA guidance in its reporting. A multi-stage search strategy was utilised to retrieve studies. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the QualSyst tool. Due to heterogeneity in study design, a narrative approach to synthesising the findings was undertaken. Results: Nine studies met the final inclusion criteria. The narrative synthesis clustered the studies in three themes: study design and population; type of intervention; and outcomes reported. The included studies focussed on specific subpopulations, namely child soldiering, child labour or sex trafficking. Conclusion: This review has highlighted not only important theory-practice gaps in relation to the provision of evidence-based mental health support but scant evidence limited to specific sub-groups (child soldiering, child labour or sex trafficking). The emphasis placed on PTSD within the interventions tested risks mental health support becoming exclusionary to those with other needs. When assessing intervention efficacy, the complex socio-political context in which survivors exist as well as the increasing emphasis on holistic care, personal recovery and lived experience need to be considered. Taking this into account, the case can be made for the inclusion of a wider range of non-clinical outcomes in the assessment of mental health intervention effectiveness.
Prevalence of Loneliness and Related Factors Among Older Adults in Taiwan: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Huang Pi-Hua , Chi Mei-Ju , Kuo Chien-Lin , Wu Shu-Fang Vivienne , Chuang Yeu-Hui 
Published: August 2021

Background Loneliness is a common problem among older populations, and very few studies have examined loneliness among older adults in Taiwan. Aim This study aimed to understand the prevalence of loneliness and factors associated with it among older adults in Taiwan. Methods Data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging collected in 2015 were analyzed and involved 4588 participants aged ≥65 years. The outcome variable was a self-reported loneliness question, and independent variables included demographic characteristics, a self-reported health status, physical function, number of comorbidities, cognitive function, and social support. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of loneliness. Results The prevalence of loneliness among older adults in Taiwan was 10.5%. The multivariate logistic regression showed that old persons who were male, lived alone, perceived that they had a poor health condition, had no spouse, had no job, and had poor emotional support had higher likelihood of feeling lonely. Conclusions This study investigated loneliness in a nationally representative sample of older adults and revealed that one-tenth of this older population might experience loneliness which requires immediate action. Special attention should be given to the aforesaid factors in older adults to identify problems and provide interventions as early as possible in order to prevent loneliness and thus reduce the resultant negative effects on physical and mental conditions. Appropriate interventions should be developed to prevent or ameliorate feelings of loneliness among older populations using rigorous research designs such as randomized controlled trials.
Social Media and Academic Impact: Do Early Tweets Correlate with Future Citations?
Authors: Vaghjiani Nilan G , Lal Vatsal , Vahidi Nima , Ebadi Ali , Carli Matthew , Sima Adam , Coelho Daniel H 
Published: August 2021

Objective This study aims to determine whether social media platforms (SMPs) can influence article impact as measured by citations. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed articles published in the top ten otolaryngology journals by the Eigenfactor score in January 2015. Total accumulated twitter mentions and citations were recorded in 2021. The main outcomes examined the difference in citations, tweets, article types, and author counts accumulated over a 5-year period for all articles that were either tweeted or non-tweeted. Results 3094 articles were included for analysis. The average article was cited 11.2 ± 13.2 times and tweeted 2.10 ± 4.0 times. Sixty-four percent of the articles had at least one tweet. Over the study period, there was a statistically significant difference in mean number of citations between tweeted articles (12.1 ± 15.0) vs non-tweeted articles (9.6 ± 10.5) citations, representing a 26% difference ( P < .001). Review articles had the highest mean citations (19.4 ± 23.4), while editorials had the lowest mean citations (2.8 ± 6.9). Tweets peaked in the year of publication, but citations continued to rise in the subsequent years. Tweeted articles’ peak citation rate change was +1.27 mean citations per year, compared to +.99 mean citations per year in non-tweeted articles. The mean author count in tweeted articles (5.40 ± 3.1) was not significantly different than mean author count in non-tweeted articles (5.19 ± 2.65, P = .0794). Conclusion These data suggest a moderate correlation between tweets and article citations, but a clear difference in the number of citations in articles tweeted vs those with no tweets. Thus, dissemination of knowledge may be impacted by social media platforms such as Twitter.
Virtual reality for pain management in advanced heart failure: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Groninger Hunter , Stewart Diana , Fisher Julia M , Tefera Eshetu , Cowgill James , Mete Mihriye 
Published: August 2021

Background: Hospitalized patients with advanced heart failure often experience acute and/or chronic pain. While virtual reality has been extensively studied across a wide range of clinical settings, no studies have yet evaluated potential impact on pain management on this patient population. Aim: To investigate the impact of a virtual reality experience on self-reported pain, quality-of-life, general distress, and satisfaction compared to a two-dimensional guided imagery active control. Design: Single-center prospective randomized controlled study. The primary outcome was the difference in pre- versus post-intervention self-reported pain scores on a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10. Secondary outcomes included changes in quality-of-life scores, general distress, and satisfaction with the intervention. Setting/participants: Between October 2018 and March 2020, 88 participants hospitalized with advanced heart failure were recruited from an urban tertiary academic medical center. Results: Participants experienced significant improvement in pain score after either 10 minutes of virtual reality (change from pre- to post −2.9 ± 2.6, p < 0.0001) or 10 minutes of guided imagery (change from pre- to post −1.3 ± 1.8, p = 0.0001); the virtual reality arm experienced a 1.5 unit comparatively greater reduction in pain score compared to guided imagery ( p = 0.0011). Total quality-of-life and general distress scores did not significantly change for either arm. Seventy-eight participants (89%) responded that they would be willing to use the assigned intervention again. Conclusion: Virtual reality may be an effective nonpharmacologic adjuvant pain management intervention in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT04572425).
Fertility preservation strategies for patients with lymphoma: a real-world practice survey among Fondazione Italiana Linfomi centers
Authors: Viviani Simonetta , Dellino Miriam , Ramadan Safaa , Peracchio Claudia , Marcheselli Luigi , Minoia Carla , Guarini Attilio 
Published: August 2021

Background: Improvement in the prognosis of lymphomas in recent decades has allowed focus on reducing long-term toxicity of treatment, including infertility. The aim of this study was to assess the fertility preservation knowledge and practices among hematologic centers affiliated with Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) in Italy. Methods: A survey questionnaire was provided to 152 FIL centers between December 2019 and December 2020. Results: Responses from 58 centers (38%) were received. All respondents reported informing patients about treatment-related gonadotoxicity. A minority of patients (10% female, 20% male) refused fertility preservation due to personal reasons. The most common fertility preservation options offered to female patients were mature oocyte cryopreservation (43.1%), ovarian tissue cryopreservation (6.9%), and mature oocyte or ovarian tissue cryopreservation (39.7%). Six centers (10.3%) did not perform any procedures. All centers offered sperm cryopreservation for male patients. Challenges regarding the time intervals between lymphoma diagnosis and fertility consultation (up to 20 days) as well as between consultation and fertility preservation procedure (up to 40 days) were revealed. Conclusions: This survey provides insight into fertility preservation practices among Italian hematologic centers and points out an urgent need to improve close cooperation between hematologists and fertility preservation specialists in order to avoid unacceptable delays in lymphoma treatment.