bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obtaining Caustic Soda and Burkeite by Caustification of Mixture of Corbonate and Sodium Sulphate
Authors: Tursunova D. A. , Erkaev A. U. , Toirov Z. K. , E. Sultonov Bokhodir 
Published: October 2021

The optimal technological parameters for the production of caustic soda from sodium carbonate and sulfate and calcium hydroxide have been established. The influence of the concentration of lime milk on the rate of filtration by sediment and filtrate has been studied.
Purpose of the Work: The purpose of this work is to determine the physicochemical basis for the production of sodium hydroxide and burkeite by causticization of sodium carbonate and sulfate.
Scientific Novelty: In comparison with the known works, a theoretical profoanalytical analysis of the one-cation of four-component system and its constituents was carried out for the first time, and also determined the optimal technological parameters of causticization of solutions for local carbonates and sodium sulfates.
Features of the Work:
- the influence of the main technological parameters on the processes of causticization, filtration, evaporation;
- research of intermediate and finished products by modern physicochemical methods;
- study of the rheological properties of the solution depending on the temperature and concentration of the resulting solutions.
FEM Based Elasto-Electric Analysis of Elastomers for Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Nazeer Rumesa , Afridi Mehwish , Marvi . , Alam Muhammad Umair , Ali Badar , Alvi Sana Afzal , Iqbal Kashif 
Published: October 2021

Elastomer materials are very important due to weak intermolecular forces and very low Young's modulus and have high failure strain. Due to these properties, they are used in a large number of applications especially in pharmaceutical industry and medical / surgical equipment etc. Electrostatic discharge on such material is a potential hazard for the operator who is dealing with elastomers. In the research presented here, a detailed analysis on the elasto-electric analysis of 03x elastomers is analyzed in detail by using Finite Element Method (FEM). A CAD model is generated in accordance with an early research on elasto-electric study of Silicon material. Subsequently FEM based analysis is carried out to study vital electrostatics properties like Surface deformation and surface potential distribution developed on the application of external forces on 03x types of elastomers i.e. Silicon Rubber, Nitrile (NBR) and Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC). The whole study is carried out in COMSOL multi-physics software. Analysis showed that the electric field developed on the surface of the elastomer is dependent on the deformation on non-linear nature and depends upon the material properties. FEM based results show that Silicon Rubber develops maximum deformation and electric potential of three chosen materials up to 50mm and 3150V respectively. Based on the conducted analysis, Silicon Rubber is widely recommended for its utilization in Pharmaceutical applications requiring electrostatics.
Comparative Assessment of Effects of Types of Coarse Aggregate on Strength of Different Grades of Concrete in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ikechukwu Uche Felix , Kenkwo Franklyn Chukwujike 
Published: October 2021

Production characteristics and compositions of constituent ingredients of concrete influence to a large extent the quality of concrete works in general. The levels of implication of these factors on performance of concrete are therefore appraised for improved production of concrete work in the study area. Experimental research method was adopted to obtain data on the compressive strength of concrete produced at some construction sites in the study area. A preliminary survey conducted confirmed that 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 mix ratios are commonly used as their mix designs. Forty eight concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were used to collect sample at the selected sites for the laboratory tests. Product moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the strength of relationship for changes in the increasing strength of concrete with increase in curing ages between concrete produced with sedimentary and granite aggregates. On the other hand, differences in proportion of variation on strength of 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 concrete mix ratios between concrete produced with the various types of aggregates at 7-day and 28-day curing ages respectively were analyzed using Z–test statistics. Findings reveal that it is only concrete produced with granite material aggregate at the 28-day curing age reached the minimum stipulated standard strength values of 21N/mm2 and 18N/mm2 for 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 concrete mix ratios respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999 and 0.993 for 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 concrete mix ratios respectively were calculated to confirm very strong association in changes in strength as the curing age increases between concrete produced with the two different aggregates. The difference in proportion of the variations in the two different mix ratios between the two different aggregates at the curing ages however are not significant in the study. Thus, the study concludes that mix ratio and curing age which remain positively strong on their effects on quality of concrete are as well significant as aggregate type in the overall performance of concrete. Granite material aggregate therefore was recommended to be used for concrete production of higher quality; and as well be always cured till the 28th day of production for desired strength of the concrete.
Prevalence of Disability Among Older Adults in Prison
Authors: Miller Katherine E. M. , Shen Karen , Yang Yang , Williams Brie A. , Wolff Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceThe number of older adults in long-term correctional facilities (prisons) has increased rapidly in recent years. The cognitive and functional status of this population is not well understood due to limitations in the availability of longitudinal data.ObjectiveTo comparatively examine the prevalence and disability status of the population of adults 55 years and older in prisons and adults living in community settings for a 14-year period (2008-2022).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the American Community Survey to identify cohorts of community-dwelling adults 55 years or older and adults 55 years or older in prisons. Data were accrued from surveys from 2008 to 2022 and analyzed from August 25, 2023, to October 18, 2024.ExposureResidence in federal or state prison.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported cognitive, ambulatory, independent living, or self-care difficulties.ResultsThe population of older adults in prisons increased between 2008 and 2022 from 102 700 to 171 700, but the pace of growth slowed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis included 32 623 adults 55 years or older in prison (mean [SD] age, 62.6 [8.3] years; 28 927 [89.64%] male) and 13 877 665 living in the community (mean [SD] age, 67.4 [9.5] years; 7 497 784 [54.02%] female). Disability prevalences in all categories, including cognitive, ambulatory, independent living, and self-care difficulties, were significantly higher compared with their community-dwelling peers. The difference was particularly stark for cognitive difficulty, which was 15.2% (95% CI, 14.8%-15.7%) for older adults in prisons vs 7.1% (95% CI, 7.1%-7.2%) in the community, after adjusting for demographic characteristics. These prevalences have remained stable over the sample period, including the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cross-sectional study suggest that adults in prison are more likely to report disability than those in community settings, with the largest differences in cognitive difficulties. These differences persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The notable increase among older adults in prisons coupled with the high prevalences of disability has important implications for identifying care models and environmental policies to address the chronic and end-of-life care needs of this population, particularly within the context of constrained resources of health care in prisons.
Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Pediatric Patients With Severe Influenza, 2015-2020
Authors: Sumner Kelsey M. , Sahni Leila C. , Boom Julie A. , Halasa Natasha B. , Stewart Laura S. , Englund Janet A. , Klein Eileen J. , Staat Mary A. , Schlaudecker Elizabeth P. , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Harrison Christopher J. , Weinberg Geoffrey A. , Szilagyi Peter G. , Singer Monica N. , Azimi Parvin H. , Clopper Benjamin R. , Moline Heidi L. , Noble Emma K. , Williams John V. , Michaels Marian G. , Olson Samantha M. ,   New Vaccine Surveillance Network Collaborators, Schuster Jennifer E 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceIncreasing the understanding of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against levels of severe influenza in children could help increase uptake of influenza vaccination and strengthen vaccine policies globally.ObjectiveTo investigate VE in children by severity of influenza illness.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study with a test-negative design used data from 8 participating medical centers located in geographically different US states in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from November 6, 2015, through April 8, 2020. Participants included children 6 months through 17 years of age who were hospitalized or presented to an emergency department (ED) with acute respiratory illness.ExposuresReceipt of at least 1 dose of the current season’s influenza vaccine.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDemographic and clinical characteristics of patients presenting to the hospital or ED with or without influenza were recorded and grouped by influenza vaccination status. Estimated VE against severe influenza illness was calculated using multiple measures to capture illness severity. Data were analyzed between June 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023.ResultsAmong 15 728 children presenting for care with acute respiratory illness (8708 [55.4%] male; 13 450 [85.5%] 6 months to 8 years of age and 2278 [14.5%] 9-17 years of age), 2710 (17.2%) had positive influenza tests and 13 018 (82.8%) had negative influenza tests (controls). Of the influenza test–positive cases, 1676 children (61.8%) had an ED visit, 896 children (33.1%) required hospitalization for noncritical influenza, and 138 children (5.1%) required hospitalization for critical influenza. About half (7779 [49.5%]) of the children (both influenza test positive and test negative) were vaccinated. Receiving at least 1 influenza vaccine dose was estimated to have a VE of 55.7% (95% CI, 51.6%-59.6%) for preventing influenza-associated ED visits or hospitalizations among children of all ages. The estimated VE was similar across severity levels: 52.8% (95% CI, 46.6%-58.3%) for ED visits, 52.3% (95% CI, 44.8%-58.8%) for noncritical hospitalization, and 50.4% (95% CI, 29.7%-65.3%) for critical hospitalization.Conclusions and RelevanceFindings from this case-control study with a test-negative design involving children with a spectrum of influenza severity suggest that influenza vaccination protects children against all levels of severe influenza illness.
Self‐Powered, Raw Material‐Based Sensor Arrays with Minimized Signal Channels for Human‐Machine Interaction
Authors: A. Shiwei , Wang Sen , Li Zhenhui , Shi Xiuxian , Wang Wei Dawid 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSensor arrays are essential for effective human‐machine interaction (HMI), enabling systems to perceive, interpret, and respond to human actions. However, traditional sensor arrays often involve complex manufacturing processes and excessive wiring due to point‐to‐point connections. To address these challenges, a type of self‐powered, low‐cost sensor array is described that minimizes these issues. Utilizing the principles of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, the array consists of two or more interconnected electrostatic induction units. When a unit is triggered, it generates a unique voltage signal relative to other connected units, resulting in diverse signals with specific waveforms and peak magnitudes. This diversity allows the sensor array to output multiple addressable signals through a limited number of channels or a single channel, enhancing efficiency and simplicity. The versatility of these sensor arrays in various HMI applications is demonstrated, including game joysticks, electronic skins, robot controllers, and leaf‐based electronic piano keyboards, showcasing their potential to transform HMI technology.
Prediction of Thermodynamically Stable Room‐Temperature Superconductors in Li─Na Hydrides Under High Pressure
Authors: An Decheng , Conway Lewis. J. , Duan Defang , Zhang Zihan , Jiang Qiwen , Song Hao , Huo Zihao , Pickard Chris J. , Cui Tian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRoom‐temperature superconductivity has been a long‐standing goal in the scientific community. For computational predictions, thermodynamic stability plays a critical role. Here, a high‐throughput screening is performed to study high‐pressure ternary clathrate hydrides with hitherto unexplored compositions. Two thermodynamically stable room‐temperature superconductors in the Li─Na─H system, based on the type‐I and type‐II clathrate structure types, both exhibiting superconducting critical temperatures (Tc’s) exceeding 300 K under high pressure are uncovered. Remarkably, the type‐II structure, Li2NaH17, exhibits the highest Tc of 357 K at 220 GPa among all the reported thermodynamically stable hydrides. Random structure searches show that type‐II clathrate structures can also be stabilized with hydrogen deficiencies which lower the Tc. Superconductivity is shown to be the result of a Van‐Hove‐like singularity which can be tuned by the hydrogen content.
Regenerative Biomimetic Photosynthesis by Covalent‐Organic Framework‐Based Nanobiohybrids
Authors: Xue Jueyi , Ruan Juanfang , Hakobyan Karen , Xu Jiangtao , Liang Kang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiomimetic photosynthesis, which leverages nanomaterials with light‐responsive capabilities, represents an innovative approach for replicating natural photosynthetic processes for green and sustainable energy conversion. In this study, a covalent‐organic framework (COF)‐based artificial photosynthesis system is realized through the co‐assembly of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase and a light‐responsive proton generator onto an imine‐based COF, RT‐COF‐1. This system demonstrates an ATP production rate of 0.64 µmol ATP per mg protein within 90 s of light exposure and, for the first time, exhibites regenerative ATP production through multiple light on/off cycles. Furthermore, the ATP generated by the system facilitates the biocoupling of monosaccharides into disaccharides, confirming the hybrid system's capability to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of organic molecules. This approach shows significant potential for renewable bioenergy generation, offering precise and reliable control over biochemical processes through artificial photosynthesis.
The Structure‐Mechanics Relationship of Bamboo‐Epidermis and Inspired Composite Design by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Qin Zhao , Destree Aymeric Pierre 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBamboo culm has been widely used in engineering for its high strength, lightweight, and low cost. Its outermost epidermis is a smooth and dense layer that contains cellulose, silica particles, and stomata and acts as a water and mechanical barrier. Recent experimental studies have shown that the layer has a higher mechanical strength than other inside regions. Still, the mechanism is unclear, especially for how the low silica concentration (<10%) can effectively reinforce the layer and prevent the inner fibers from splitting. Here, theoretical analysis is combined with experimental imaging and 3D printing to investigate the effect of the distribution of silica particles on composite mechanics. The anisotropic partial distribution function of silica particles in bamboo skin yields higher toughness (>10%) than randomly distributed particles. A generative artificial intelligence (AI) model inspired by bamboo epidermis is developed to generate particle‐reinforced composites. Besides the visual similarity, it is found that the samples by the generative model show failure processes and fracture toughness identical to the actual bamboo epidermis. This work reveals the micromechanics of the bamboo epidermis. It illustrates that generative AI can help design bio‐inspired composites of a complex structure that cannot be uniformly represented by a simple building block or optimized around local boundaries. It expands the design space of particle‐reinforced composites for enhanced toughness modulus, offering advantages in industries where mechanical reliability is critical.
Time‐Reversal Symmetry Breaking Superconductivity in HfRhGe: A Noncentrosymmetric Weyl Semimetal
Authors: P. Sajilesh. K. , Kushwaha Roshan Kumar , Samanta Dibyendu , Tula Tymoteusz , Meena Pavan Kumar , Srivastava Shashank , Singh Deepak , Biswas Pabitra Kumar , Kanigel Amit , Hillier Adrian D. , Ghosh Sudeep Kumar , Singh Ravi Prakash 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWeyl semimetals are a novel class of topological materials with unique electronic structures and distinct properties. HfRhGe stands out as a noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal with unconventional superconducting characteristics. Using muon‐spin rotation and relaxation (µSR) spectroscopy and thermodynamic measurements, a fully gapped superconducting state is identified in HfRhGe that breaks time‐reversal symmetry at the superconducting transition. This breaking can trigger a topological phase transition, as time‐reversal symmetry protects the normal‐state Weyl topology characterized by comprehensive first‐principles calculations. Ginzburg‐Landau analysis suggests an unconventional loop supercurrent superconducting state realized in HfRhGe. The presence of multiple Weyl points near the Fermi level and surface Fermi arcs dispersing across the Fermi level further support HfRhGe as a promising platform for topological superconductivity. Additionally, its noncentrosymmetric nature with time‐reversal symmetry breaking superconducting state suggests that it can exhibit an intrinsic superconducting diode effect, offering novel optical and transport properties, with potential applications in dissipationless quantum electronics.
Complex Assemblies of Colloidal Microparticles with Compliant DNA Linkers and Magnetic Actuation
Authors: Imamura Taryn , Chung Nicholas , Sonmez Utku M. , Travers Matthew , Bergbreiter Sarah , Taylor Rebecca E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractActive colloids are modular assemblies of distinct micro‐ and nanoscale components that can perform complex robotic tasks. While recent advances in templated assembly methods enable high‐throughput fabrication of multi‐material active colloids, their limitations reduce the ability to construct flexibly linked colloidal systems, restricting their complexity, agility, and functionality. Here, templated assembly by selective removal (TASR) is leveraged to construct multicomponent colloidal microstructures that are connected with compliant DNA nanotube linkages. Polycarbonate heat (PCH) molding is employed to create high‐surface‐energy templates for improved polystyrene microsphere assembly via TASR. This increase in template surface energy improves microsphere assembly by more than 100‐fold for two‐sphere microstructures. An inverse relationship between microstructure complexity (i.e., the number of microspheres) and assembly yields is observed. PCH‐assisted TASR is leveraged to construct larger colloidal structures containing up to 26 microspheres, multi‐sphere microrotors, and structurally homogeneous populations of flexibly linked, two‐sphere microswimmers that locomote in fluid environments. Real‐time modification of a microswimmer is also demonstrated through nuclease‐mediated degradation of the DNA linkages, highlighting the DNA‐enabled reconfiguration and responsiveness capabilities of these microswimmers. These results establish PCH‐assisted TASR as a versatile method for constructing flexibly linked, modular microrobots with controlled geometry, enhanced agility, and dynamic response.
Going from Inner‐Skinned to Outer‐Skinned Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Based Hollow Fiber Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Watt Tjerk R. , van Dijk Kyra , te Brinke Esra , de Grooth Joris , de Vos Wiebe M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecently, hollow fiber polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes (PEMMs) have shown great potential for removing organic micropollutants from wastewater streams. Currently, these PEMMs are made with the selective layer on the inside of the hollow fiber. However, to reduce the physical footprint of PEMM modules, it would be beneficial to have the selective layer on the outside. This will lead to an increased surface area per fiber and enable the use of smaller mechanically stronger fibers, which further increases the surface area per membrane module. To prove that the concept of an outer‐skinned PEMM is feasible, the dry‐jet wet‐spinning process is used to fabricate charged outer‐skinned hollow fiber supports, and they are coated through the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly process to form a PEMM. Scanning electron microscopy images of the hollow fibers confirm the existence of an asymmetric structure with an outer skin, while fluorescence imaging confirms that the polyelectrolyte multilayer is located on the outside of the hollow fiber. Filtration experiments showed that the PEMMs exhibited nanofiltration properties similar to the conventional inner‐skinned PEMMs. Overall, these membranes show a 3.8x increase in active membrane surface area to volume ratio compared to commercial PEMMs, clearly highlighting the benefits in terms of footprint.
High Open‐Circuit Voltage and Efficiency CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Achieved by Hole Transport Layer Modification
Authors: Fan Zihao , Duan Yuwei , Wu Meizi , Zou Hong , Yao Yao , Li Yong , Xu Dongfang , Tan Jieke , Li Yongzhe , Wang Hanye , Wang Yifan , Xie Zhuang , Lei Hongjie , Wang Zezhang , Zhao Tingxing , Peng Qiang , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Zhike 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide salt (Li‐TFSI) and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (t‐BP) codoped 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) is a very classic and dominant hole transport layer (HTL) for the fabrication of high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the PSCs based Spiro‐OMeTAD often shows poor stability due to the hygroscopic Li‐TFSI that is prone to ion migration, the volatile t‐BP, and the time‐consuming oxidation in air. Herein, hydrophobic 1,2‐Bis(perfluoropyridin‐4‐yl)disulfane (BPFPDS) is designed to optimize Spiro‐OMeTAD. The S‐Li, F‐Li, and N‐Li synergistic interaction between BPFPDS and Li‐TFSI inhibited Li+ ion migration, and the hydrophobic property of BPFPDS balanced the humidity sensitivity of Li‐TFSI, which prevented both Li+ ions and water molecules from corroding the perovskite layer. In addition, the F‐N superamolecular interaction between BPFPDS and t‐BP restricted the volatility of t‐BP, which indirectly prevented the migration of Li+ ions. As a result, the BPFPDS‐treated CsPbI3 PSC engendered a respectable efficiency of 21.95% and an impressive open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.29 V. The BPFPDS‐treated devices sustained 96% and 98% of their efficiencies after aging in the air for 3000 h and tracking at maximum power point for 1200 h, respectively.