bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustacean Limb Morphogenesis during Normal Development and Regeneration
Authors: Pavlopoulos Anastasios , Wolff Carsten 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Crustaceans have been favored in developmental biology for the study of the diversification of body plans and their associated appendages, which exhibit remarkable diversity within and between species. Until recently, because of technical limitations, crustacean studies were restricted in scope to the comparison of appendage morphologies and expression patterns of candidate limb patterning genes already known from classic developmental animal models. To remedy this limitation and explore their full potential, a few select crustacean experimental models have been reinforced with powerful genomic and transcriptomic resources, new methods for forward and reverse genetic investigations, and for live imaging of entire embryos, or cell and tissue-specific markers, with exceptional spatial and temporal resolution. These models include the malacostracan amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis and the branchiopod cladocerans Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex, which display collectively all the different uniramous, biramous, and phyllopodous crustacean limb types. Within the past couple years, important discoveries have been made on the molecular and cellular basis of embryonic limb development and postembryonic limb regeneration. In Parhyale alone, gain and loss-of-function studies of Hox genes have revealed the combinatorial logic used by these genes for appendage specialization, whereas the reconstruction of single-cell-resolution fate maps of developing and regenerating appendages have identified the lineage restrictions and cellular behaviors driving both morphogenetic processes. Century-old questions regarding the conservation and divergence of appendage patterning mechanisms across arthropods and bilaterians, or how these mechanisms can be used and reused throughout the lifetime of an organism, can now be addressed productively with crustaceans.
Larval Connectivity and Marine Protected Area Networks
Authors: Moksnes Per-Olav , Jonsson Per R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is growing awareness that ocean life is under unprecedented stress caused by the loss of habitat and biodiversity resulting from human activities. Spatial management by establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) is proposed as an important method to conserve biodiversity, manage fisheries, and increase ecosystem resilience. However, a major challenge in spatial management is that most MPAs and networks of MPAs have been created with little regard to larval dispersal and connectivity within and outside protected areas. Because of the limited understanding of larval connectivity, it is therefore often unclear whether the MPAs are ecologically functional. Larval behavior and dispersal are particularly well studied in benthic crustaceans, making them excellent model organisms to address this challenge.
Rethinking Oral History and Tradition
Authors: Mahuika Nepia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For many indigenous peoples, oral history is a living intergenerational phenomenon that is crucial to the transmission of our languages, cultural knowledge, politics, and identities. Indigenous oral histories are not merely traditions, myths, chants, or superstitions, but are valid historical accounts passed on vocally in various forms, forums, and practices. Rethinking Oral History and Tradition: An Indigenous Perspective provides a specific native and tribal account of the meaning, form, politics, and practice of oral history. It is a rethinking and critique of the popular and powerful ideas that now populate and define the fields of oral history and tradition, which have in the process displaced indigenous perspectives. This book, drawing on indigenous voices, explores the overlaps and differences between the studies of oral history and of oral tradition, and urges scholars in both disciplines to revisit the way their fields think about orality, oral history methods, transmission, narrative, power, ethics, oral history theories, and politics. Indigenous knowledge and experience hold important contributions that have the potential to expand and develop robust academic thinking in the study of both oral history and tradition.
Fertilization Success in Crustaceans from the Male Perspective: Sperm Ultrastructure and Sperm Economy
Authors: Tan Mika M. J. , Tudge Christopher , Penna-Díaz Miguel A. , Thiel Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The morphology and ultrastructure of spermatozoa are very diverse among the classes of the Crustacea, but how this diversity relates to sperm production and sperm economy has been little studied. A brief description of major forms and shapes of crustacean spermatozoa is provided and an overview of sperm ultrastructure is updated. Spermatogenesis is a costly process for males, as it requires considerable energy and time to achieve the required quality and quantity to guarantee success in fertilizing the eggs of females. Sperm are embedded in seminal fluids to preserve stored sperm and/or counteract the risk of sperm competition, which contributes significantly to the energy budget and sperm economy. In general, sperm are transferred in spermatophores of very diverse sizes and shapes within the different crustacean groups. Strategies related to sperm economy depend on the physical size of the partner, mating history, and perception of future mating opportunities. The mechanics involved in spermatogenesis and production of seminal fluids vary among the different crustacean classes and between different taxa. Sperm economy has direct links to sperm limitation in several male-centered fisheries. To better understand the evolutionary processes and to design suitable applied strategies (e.g., fisheries management or aquaculture), better knowledge is required about sperm histochemistry and functional morphology; furthermore, a wider taxonomic coverage is recommended by including commercial and non-commercial crustaceans beyond the decapods.
Hermaphroditism and Gonochorism
Authors: Benvenuto Chiara , Weeks Stephen C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter compares two sexual systems: hermaphroditism (each individual can produce gametes of either sex) and gonochorism (each individual produces gametes of only one of the two distinct sexes) in crustaceans. These two main sexual systems contain a variety of alternative modes of reproduction, which are of great interest from applied and theoretical perspectives. The chapter focuses on the description, prevalence, analysis, and interpretation of these sexual systems, centering on their evolutionary transitions. The ecological correlates of each reproductive system are also explored. In particular, the prevalence of “unusual” (non-gonochoristic) reproductive strategies has been identified under low population densities and in unpredictable/unstable environments, often linked to specific habitats or lifestyles (such as parasitism) and in colonizing species. Finally, population-level consequences of some sexual systems are considered, especially in terms of sex ratios. The chapter aims to provide a broad and extensive overview of the evolution, adaptation, ecological constraints, and implications of the various reproductive modes in this extraordinarily successful group of organisms.
Overview of the Mating Systems of Crustacea
Authors: Palaoro Alexandre V. , Beermann Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to an exceptional variety of habitats, body plans, and lifestyles, crustaceans exhibit a wide array of mating systems. Some groups engage in simple, pure-search polygamous systems in which males usually search for receptive females. In other groups, males defend valuable resources to attract and/or guard females to ensure paternity. Some species have developed highly complex systems of harem defense polygyny and monogamy, even cases of sub- and eusociality are reported. The expression of mating systems does not seem to be uniformly correlated to taxonomic affiliation, but is rather diverse within certain groups, suggesting that the evolution of mating systems is largely facilitated by the lifestyle of the species. Despite the broad range of mating systems in crustaceans, and although some groups have been studied comparably well, there remains a lack of knowledge about the behavioral and sexual biology of many species. In the light of the high diversity of lifestyles, mating systems, and habitats of certain groups, crustacean species would be ideal models to unravel the evolution of reproductive strategies and social behaviors.
Legal Pluralism in Historical Context
Authors: Tamanaha Brian Z. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a historical context of legal pluralism. A pivotal shift of the past several centuries has been from law attached to a person's community toward territorial states that claim a monopoly over law—a long-term project that has always been marked by major exceptions and has never been fully completed. Prior to this shift, the widely held view, now largely forgotten, is that everyone was entitled to be judged by the law of their community, called “personal law” at the time because it attaches to each person, though the chapter descriptively labels this “community law” to enable comparisons to other contexts. The first step is to understand empires, which are cauldrons of legal pluralism, using the Roman Empire as an example. The chapter then covers legal pluralism during the High Middle Ages, followed by the slow process by which the state gradually crystallized, absorbing other forms of law within its ambit, though not entirely. It also addresses three legally plural contexts in the early modern period into the twentieth century: the millet system in the Ottoman Empire, extraterritoriality, and the plural legal system entrenched in India by the British East India Company.
Finding Melania
Authors: Clark Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1 offers a survey of Melania’s life. Coerced into marriage by her parents, who wished for descendants to inherit the family fortune, she and her young husband, Valerius Pinianus (Pinian), produced two children. When both children died, she persuaded Pinian to join her in a life of ascetic renunciation. They, along with her widowed mother, Albina, abandoned Rome shortly before the Gothic invasion and traversed the Mediterranean area, founding monasteries in North Africa and Jerusalem. Toward the end of her life, she traveled from Jerusalem to Constantinople in the hope of converting her still-pagan uncle, who was on a mission to the eastern court. Returning to Jerusalem, she died in 439 ce. This chapter details the discovery and publication of two versions of her Life in the early twentieth century, along with conclusions regarding its authorship. It also notes other ancient textual sources concerning Melania; the genre of hagiography; women’s roles in early Christianity as martyrs, patrons, pilgrims, and ascetics; and education and literacy in late antiquity.
Rome: Empire, City, and Church
Authors: Clark Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 describes the Roman Empire in the fourth and early fifth centuries and important emperors of the period. Among imperial reforms was the introduction of a new form of coinage, the gold solidus. The chapter introduces the emperor Honorius’ important general of the western imperial troops, Stilicho, and his wife, Serena, who will figure in Melania and Pinian’s attempts at divestment. It describes the life of cities in that era, especially the city of Rome, and the role of Christianization in changing its urban landscape. Rome’s inhabitants were dependent on food brought from elsewhere and distributed to them by a system called the annona; disruption of the supply could lead to food riots, one of which plays a role in the couple’s attempts to divest. The building of churches and martyr shrines in and around Rome, importantly spurred by the emperor Constantine and his family in the early fourth century, later often became a cooperative venture between bishops (especially Damasus) and local elites. The cult of Saint Lawrence plays a significant role in the life of Melania: at his shrine or church, Pinian was persuaded to adopt a life of ascetic renunciation with her.
Ascetic Renunciation
Authors: Clark Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 5 surveys the development of ascetic renunciation as a favored mode of Christian existence from the religion’s origins to late antiquity. It details what ascetic Christians “renounced” (e.g., money, food, property, sleep), what their goals were, and what models of ascetic living became popular. Pagan writers as well as some Christian writers criticized the movement, which could jolt members of the upper classes when their members broke rank and divested themselves of possessions. In Rome, shortly before Melania’s time, aristocratic women had, at various stages in their lives, given up markers of their status (including civic philanthropy) and adopted ascetic practices, sometimes within their own palaces. Transmission of property and inheritance came into question, as women refused to marry (or to remarry). Melania’s Life dramatically illustrates how difficult it was to rid oneself of all property and possessions, especially the thousands of slaves that she and Pinian owned. Modern scholars have been less kind than their predecessors in their assessments of the social and economic consequences of Christian calls to renunciation.
Exiting Rome and the Sack of the City
Authors: Clark Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores the dramatic events spurring Melania and her entourage to leave Rome in advance of the Gothic sack of the city in August 410. After the death of Melania’s father in perhaps 405 or 406, Melania and Pinian went to a suburban property to begin their renunciations. Goths advanced into Italy starting in 401; from 407 onward, Alaric demanded ransom money and goods to prevent his attack on the city. Serena, wife of Stilicho and a member of the imperial court, had arranged with the emperor for court officials to assist the couple with the divestment of their property. When both Stilicho and Serena were killed, Melania and Pinian lost a major source of protection. The emperor Honorius dawdled in meeting Alaric’s requests, and Roman senators resisted parting with their wealth to pay the ransom. The Roman city prefect perhaps attempted to confiscate the couple’s property in order to pay the ransom but was killed in a riot over the bread supply. The extreme difficulty of divesting themselves of their possessions is clearly on display (Serena herself had claimed that she could not afford to buy their Roman mansion), as is the fierce opposition of their relatives, especially Pinian’s brother. The sack of Rome elicited various responses from Christian and pagan writers.
To Sicily and North Africa
Authors: Clark Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 7 narrates the adventures of Melania, Pinian, and Albina as they left the Italian peninsula, encountering danger in their sea travel, first to Sicily. In Sicily, a favored location for the estates of Roman aristocrats, Melania gathered sixty women, slave and free, to join her in ascetic practices. Whether Melania’s estate was as lush as the Villa del Casale at Piazza Armerina remains unknown. From Sicily also comes the ascetic treatise On Riches (probably by a Pelagian author), the most scathing critique of wealth from late antiquity. Roman Christian aristocrats, including Melania and her circle, expressed considerable interest in the Pelagian branch of Christianity, away from which bishop Augustine of Hippo tried to steer them. From Sicily, the trio left for agriculturally rich Roman North Africa before the end of 410. On one of their North African estates, Melania built monasteries, developed her ascetic practices, and enriched local churches. North African Christians in this era were divided between Donatist and Catholic factions; pagans and Manicheans were also present. To service the area’s agricultural production, vast numbers of slaves and seasonal laborers were needed. The trio lived in North Africa for seven years before departing for Jerusalem.
To Jerusalem
Authors: Clark Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 8 depicts the voyage to and settlement in Jerusalem, with a stop in Alexandria and surroundings, to meet bishops and holy men. On a return trip to Egypt, they visited the so-called desert fathers and attempted to leave them funds. Egypt and Palestine (called the “Holy Land” by Christians in this era) were the prime destinations for Christian pilgrims, women as well as men, from the fourth century onward. Some “Westerners” settled there and founded monasteries, including Melania’s own grandmother and other Roman aristocrats. The Bible provided a virtual tour guide for pilgrims in Palestine. The family of Constantine saw to the erection of the churches of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and of the Nativity in Bethlehem. Accompanying these developments was the burgeoning quest for relics (of the “True Cross,” of the body parts of martyrs and saints). Melania, too, sought relics for the monasteries she established in Jerusalem. For some years before undertaking the building of monasteries and soliciting inhabitants for them, however, she lived in semi-solitary confinement on the Mount of Olives. The author of the Life describes the ascetic practices in these establishments. After the monasteries were built, there is little evidence that Melania participated much in the larger worship life of Jerusalem, which is described in other sources. The author of the Life aligns his heroine with his own religious preferences and depicts her as a fierce opponent of “heresy.”
Introduction
Authors: Stead Lisa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The introduction establishes the critical and cultural contexts of the study and makes the case for the value of an archival exploration of Vivien Leigh’s working life and career. It positions the book in relation to existing work on Leigh and on star archives and explains how the book as a whole seeks to reframe her legacy. More broadly, the case is made for a reframing of star studies through feminist historiography, focusing on the laboring life of female stars. The introduction outlines the major claims of the book and how it navigates the fields of feminist film historiography, archival theory, and star studies, and details the main archival collections with which the book engages.
“The Vivien Leigh room”
Authors: Stead Lisa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 looks beyond the international and national stories of Vivien Leigh’s archives to examine her presence within one specific region: the South West of England. The chapter explores material collections in regional museums that house a range of artifacts and ephemera related to Leigh’s life. Through Leigh’s first in-laws, the Devon-based Holman family, a material history of her presence in the region has been retained and displayed in a range of local museums, including one founded by her former sister-in-law, Dorothy Holman. By delving into these museums and their collections and working closely with their curators, the chapter examines alternative stories of Leigh’s stardom. It considers the vernacular articulations of global stardom in local environments for local audiences, developed by distinctly localized curatorial agendas.
Antecedents of Managers’ People Management
Authors: Knies Eva , Beeck Sophie Op de , Hondeghem Annie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines managers’ role in people management within a public sector setting and the factors explaining differences in people management performance between managers. The main question guiding this contribution is: What are the antecedents (favoring and hindering factors) of public managers’ HRM implementation and leadership behavior? The AMO model is used as a conceptual framework to map and examine the antecedents of public managers’ people management. Under the Ability category of the AMO model, the focus is on managers’ people management abilities and management development. Under the Motivation category, the focus is on managers’ willingness to take up people management responsibilities and their priorities. Under the Opportunities category, support from different organizational stakeholders (HR department, upper management, etc.) and (personnel) red tape are covered. As such, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the impact that typical public sector characteristics have on managers’ people management performance.
Berkeley’s Stoic Notion of Spiritual Substances
Authors: Daniel Stephen H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For Berkeley, minds are not Cartesian spiritual substances because they cannot be said to exist (even if only conceptually) abstracted from their activities. Similarly, Berkeley’s notion of mind differs from Locke’s in that, for Berkeley, minds are not abstract substrata in which ideas inhere. Instead, a mind is a substance in a way consistent with the Stoic logic of the seventeenth-century Ramists on which Leibniz and Jonathan Edwards draw. The Stoic character of Berkeley’s philosophy is recognizable only when we see how it is based on a doctrine in which perceptions or ideas are intelligible precisely because they are always embedded in the propositions of a discourse or language.
Berkeley’s Pantheistic Discourse
Authors: Daniel Stephen H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Berkeley’s immaterialism has more in common with views developed by Henry More, the mathematician Joseph Raphson, John Toland, and Jonathan Edwards than those of thinkers with whom he is commonly associated (e.g. Malebranche and Locke). The key for recognizing their similarities lies in appreciating how St. Paul’s remark that, in God “we live and move and have our being” is an invitation to think of God as the space of discourse in which minds and ideas are identified. This way of speaking about God, adapted by Karl Barth and Paul Tillich, opens up new ways to think about the relation between God and finite minds.
Berkeley on God’s Knowledge of Pain
Authors: Daniel Stephen H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since nothing about God is passive, and the perception of pain is inherently passive, then it seems that God does not know what it is like to experience pain. Nor would he be able to cause us to experience pain, for his experience would then be a sensation (which he does not have). My suggestion is that Berkeley avoids this situation by describing how God knows about pain “among other things” (i.e. as something whose identity is intelligible in terms of the integrated network of things). This avoids having to assume that God has ideas (including pain) apart from his willing that there be perceivers who have specific ideas that are in harmony or not in harmony with one another.
The Vehiculum Dei
Authors: Pennington Madeleine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores the influence of the scholarly community circulating Ragley Hall—most notably, Henry More, Anne Conway, and Francis Mercury van Helmont—on Quaker Christology. This group were influenced by Kabbalist ideas, and introduced the notion of a ‘middle substance’ into Quakers’ understanding of the ‘inward Christ’. This intellectual influence was immortalized in Robert Barclay’s Apology, and is most prominent in his account of the ‘vehiculum Dei’. While George Keith claimed to have given Barclay his ideas as expressed in the Apology, this chapter argues that Barclay was engaging with the Ragley Hall group directly during this period. That such an important contribution towards the Quakers’ understanding of Christ’s body was produced out of conversations regarding the most pressing philosophical issues of the day demonstrates strikingly how the development of Quaker theology was guided directly by wider intellectual trends of the seventeenth century