bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
αA-Crystallin modulates neuroinflammation in the retina via stress-specific inflammatory pathways
Authors: Nath Madhu , Shan Yang , Myers Angela M , Fort Patrice E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

We have previously demonstrated that αA-crystallin, a molecular chaperone, plays an important intrinsic neuroprotective role during diabetes, by its phosphorylation on residue 148. We also reported that αA-crystallin is highly expressed by glial cells. There is a growing interest in the potential causative role of low-grade inflammation in diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology and retinal Müller glial cells (MGCs) participation in the inflammatory response. MGCs indeed play a central role in retinal homeostasis via secreting various cytokines and other mediators. Hence, this study was carried out to delineate and understand the regulatory function of αA-crystallin in the inflammatory response associated with metabolic stresses.
Methods

Primary MGCs were isolated from Ko-αA-crystallin mice. These primary cells were then transfected with plasmids encoding either wild-type (WT), phosphomimetic (T148D), or non-phosphorylatable mutants (T148A) of αA-crystallin. The cells were exposed to multiple metabolic stress including serum starvation (SS) or high glucose with TNF-alpha (HG + T) before being further evaluated for the expression of inflammatory markers by qPCR. The total protein expression along with subcellular localization of NF-kB & NLRP3 component was assessed by western blot.
Results

Elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IL-18 in SS were significantly diminished in MGCs overexpressing WT and further in T148D as compared to EV. The HG + T-induced increase in these inflammatory markers was also dampened by WT and even more significantly by T148D overexpression, whereas T148A was ineffective in either stress. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of WT or the T148D, also lead to a significant reduction of Nlrp3, Asc, and caspase-1 transcript expression in serum-deprived MGCs and nearly abolished the NF-kB induction in HG + T diabetes-like stress. This mechanistic effect was further evaluated at the protein level and confirmed the stress-dependent regulation of NLRP3 and NF-kB by αA-crystallin.
Conclusion

The data gathered in this study demonstrate the central regulatory role of αA-crystallin and its modulation by phosphorylation on T148 in retinal MGCs. For the first time, this study demonstrates that αA-crystallin can dampen the stress-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through modulation of multiple key inflammatory pathways, therefore, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for modulation of chronic neuroinflammation.
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Global Interprofessional Therapeutic Communication Scale© in the Korean context
Authors: Lee JuHee , Campbell Suzanne Hetzel , Aredes Natalia Del Angelo , Hong Soomin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Person-centered nursing is pivotal to the high-quality and safe practice of nursing, and therapeutic communication plays an essential role in this process. Therapeutic communication by healthcare professionals is vital in developing and maintaining constructive relationships with patients. The Global Interprofessional Therapeutic Communication Scale© (GITCS©) measures the therapeutic communication skills of healthcare providers. This scale is useful for assessing the verbal, non-verbal, and culturally sensitive therapeutic communication abilities of healthcare providers in various clinical situations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Global Interprofessional Therapeutic Communication Scale© (K-GITCS). Methods: A cross-cultural validation of a psychometric evaluation is conducted in the present study. The instrument was translated into Korean using the original developers’ translation process.A convenience sample of 300 registered nurses with more than one year of experience was recruited from a tertiary hospital. Validity was evaluated through a confirmatory factor analysis, and the instrument was tested for psychometric reliability.Results: The three-factor structure of the K-GITCS was validated. A confirmatory factor analysis of the K-GITCS was conducted, and the results satisfied the statistical criteria with a standardized root mean square residual of 0.06, a non-normed fit index of 0.88, a root mean square error of approximation of 0.07, and a comparative fit index of 0.82. The following factors were correlated: trust and rapport building, power-sharing, and empathy. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94, indicating good internal consistency.Conclusions: Initial testing with experienced registered nurses in one institution indicated that the K-GITCS© instrument has adequate construct validity and reliability to identify therapeutic communication skills in this population. The K-GITCS can be used to assess registered nurses’ therapeutic communication. Further research using the GITCS is required to promote the communication skills of healthcare providers. Studies testing with nursing students and nurses in other institutions and interprofessional healthcare providers are also necessary. This instrument can offer valuable insights to guide its development and to devise tailored interventions considering the specific demands of registered nurses. It can be used in nursing education and clinical settings for evaluations of therapeutic communication skills.
Evaluation of Newly Synthesized Chalcone Derivatives Effect on PC12 Cells in in Vitro Model of The Parkinson's Disease As a Potential Treatment
Authors: Farhadi Mona , Sanadgol Zahra , Jameie Seyed Behnamedin , Kashani Elmira , Pesyan Nader Noroozi , Kian Roshanak , Sorkhabi Shahla Golghasemi , Shamkhali Amir Nasser , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chalcone is a common simple scaffold found in many naturally occurring compounds. Many Chalcone derivatives have also been prepared due to their convenient synthesis. These natural products and synthetic compounds have shown numerous interesting biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, induction of apoptosis, and angiogenesis. As the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease is most common motor function disorder. Even though this disease is not fully understood, processes such as oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis are largely involved in its progress. As such, antioxidants are significant agents in slowing down the process through running interference in ROS production and apoptosis. Here, we present the effect of three newly synthesized Chalcone compounds on 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity on the PC12 cells in Parkinson's disease model by integrating several experimental (MTT assay, ROS assay, Annexin & PI assay, Western blotting P53, Bax, Bcl2) data and validating the results based on the interactional contribution equations of these compounds obtained from previous experimental and theoretical study carried out on the molecular resonance and interactional behavior of these compounds via Linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model and time-dependent density functional theory and conﬁguration interaction calculations. We conclude that all three Chalcones have neuroprotective activity, and presented a reduction in ROS production and an increment in cell viability in the groups treated with 6-OHDA. This effect was observed at lower concentrations for all Chalcone compounds. At higher concentrations Chalcones 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity. However, Chalcone 3 did not show any cytotoxicity, even for high doses, which points out the therapeutic potential of this Chalcone in reducing the dopaminergic cell destruction.
Prevalence and determinants associated with second trimester termination of pregnancy in Harari city, Ethiopia; Cross sectional study.
Authors: Mohammed Murad , Wesenu Million 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Abortion is a termination of pregnancy before the fetus has become viable, i.e., capable of independent existence once delivered by the mother. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants associated with second trimester termination of pregnancy among the women in the reproductive age. Methods: Cross sectional study, design was conducted from September 1-30, 2020. Eight hundreds thirty-five sample of women with induced abortion complication were used. The data were entered into statistical package and service solutions (SPSS) version 23.0 for cleaning and data analysis. Chi-square test of association was used to test the association between the response variable. Binary logistic regression was employed for variables one by one in bivariate logistic regression to determine the significant association between response variables and predictors at p-value 0.15. A 95% confidence interval (CI) and level of significance less than 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of second trimester termination of pregnancy in the reproductive Age (15-49 years) was found to be 18.2%. As a result multivariable logistic regression model, women with age category 20-24 years [Adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=2.055, 95% CI=1.102-3.831], age category 30-34 years [AOR=3.084, 95%CI=1.348-7.056] , age category greater than or equal to 35 had adjusted odds ratio(AOR=3.021, 95% CI=1.199-7.610), having safe abortion care (AOR=0.294, 95%CI=0.132-0.656), taking treatment in health care/hospital (AOR=2.385, 95% CI=1.057-5.382) and repeatedly acceptor of post-abortion contraception (AOR=0.533, 95%CI=0.291-0.979) were potential determinants associated with women’s in the reproductive age with second trimester termination of pregnancy. Conclusions: Second trimester termination of pregnancy is strongly affected by age of mother, abortion care, place of managed abortion and post-abortion contraception. Strategies on Antenatal care and task-oriented services should be given to community level about the second trimester medical termination of pregnancy to decrease further complications and maternal mortality.
Mapping the Process and the Resources That Are Needed to Implement a Praziquantel Mass Drug Administration Program for Children Aged Five Years Old and Below in Resource Limited Settings: a Scoping Review
Authors: Ncube Mhlengi Vella , Kabuyaya Muhubiri , Chimbari Moses John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The early childhood development of millions of children in some low and medium income countries may be compromised by schistosomiasis infections contracted at the age of 5 years or below. Currently there are no standard guidelines for treating schistosomiasis in children that are five years and younger using praziquantel (PZQ), the only drug that the WHO recommends to treat schistosomiasis. This review is on processes and resources involved in the treatment of schistosomiasis in children aged five years and below.Methods: An electronic search for peer-reviewed articles published in the period from 2008 to 2018 (August) was done in the Academic Search Complete, CINAHL with Full Text, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and MEDLINE databases via EBSCOHost and Google Scholar databases. The search targeted journals that described the treatment of schistosomiasis in children five years and below using praziquantel. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The process of treating schistosomiasis in the children aged five years old and below included the following activities: enrolment of the children into the treatment program; clinical examination; diagnosis; taking anthropometric measurements; feeding the children, making the PZQ palatable to the children; administration of PZQ and monitoring of side effects. There was also a variation in the resources used to treat children aged five- and below for schistosomiasis. Conclusions: A PZQ mass drug administration program for children aged five years old and below in endemic areas should exclude diagnosis of schistosomiasis before treatment. The resources required in the treatment process should be affordable, should not require skills and maintenance resources that are beyond those that are available at primary healthcare level.
Durability Improvement of Concentrated Polymer Brushes by Multiscale Texturing
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Kodama Eri , Tadokoro Chiharu , Sakakibara Keita , Nakano Ken , Sasaki Shinya , Tsujii Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Concentrated polymer brushes (CPBs) are promising soft-material coatings for improving tribological properties under severe sliding conditions, even in the macroscopic scale. Therefore, they are expected to be applied to mechanical sliding components. However, the durability of CPBs has remained challenging for industrial applications. Previous studies revealed that applying a groove texture to the CPB substrate is effective in improving the durability of CPBs. In order to achieve further improvement of durability of CPBs, we attempted to apply the periodical structure, which is a microfabricated structure corresponding to a surface roughness 0.02 μm, whereas the groove texture applied in previous studies has widths and depths in micrometres. In this study, the effect of the nano-periodic structure in addition to the groove texture applied to the CPB substrate on the durability of CPB is investigated. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the durability of CPBs by up to 90% compared with non-textured CPB when an appropriate nano-periodic structure is applied (i.e. a nano-periodic structure oriented parallel to the groove texture).
The Role of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Childbearing Intentions in Iranian Women: A Path Analysis
Authors: Banaei Mojdeh , Nia Hamid Sharif , Mokhtarian-Gilani Tahereh , Kariman Nourossadat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The novel Coronavirus disease is a newly-emerged global challenge that has rapidly spread throughout the world. The COVID-19 pandemic may lead to couples not being physically and mentally ready to assume a parenting role. Given the changes in reproductive behaviors and the lack of accurate information about childbearing factors during the Coronavirus pandemic, the present study investigates the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iranian couples’ childbearing intentions based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model.Methods: The present descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted on 400 married Iranian women in their reproductive age. Sampling was carried out over four months from 12 July 2020 using official online social networks popular among the public. Data were collected using a demographic checklist and the researcher-made questionnaire entitled “Factors related to childbearing intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic”, which was designed based on the main constructs of the planned behavior model. Data were then analyzed in AMOS-24 using path analysis.Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.41 years. Testing the indirect relationships of the mediation model effect showed a positive relationship between knowledge (β = 0.226, p < .001) and subjective norms (β = 0.155, p = .001) about COVID-19. Anxiety about COVID-19 mediated the relationship of knowledge (β = .105, p = .009), attitude (β = -0.125, p = .002), subjective norms (β = .238, p < .001), and perceived behavioral control (β = .513, p < .001) about COVID-19 with childbearing intentions.Conclusions: Childbearing intentions had a direct relationship with knowledge, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in relation to COVID-19, and COVID-19-induced anxiety had a mediating role among the TPB constructs for performing an intended behavior (childbearing desire). Designing appropriate interventions to increase childbearing desires through anxiety-reducing and relaxation techniques will prove more effective.
The Factors Influencing Job Burnout Among Coal Miners in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deng Huijun , Li Xinnan , Abulimiti Xieerwaniguli , Mutailifu Zulipinu , Zheng Shuaiyin , Lin Xin , Li Fuye 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Coal miners are prone to burnout symptoms due to their special working environment. There are no studies on the correlation between job burnout and occupational stress, effort-reward imbalance, and work-family-conflict.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,346 coal miners were selected from 5 coal mining companies using stratified cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of the Job Burnout Scale, Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), Effort-Reward Inventory (ERI), and Working-Family-Conflict Scale were used to collect data from the coal miners. Correlation analysis and logistic regression methods were used to explore the factors affecting job burnout. Results: coal miners with different genders, ages, years of service, shift system, marital status, and type of work have different total scores and levels of job burnout (P<0.05). The effort-reward imbalance is associated with age, years of service, shift system and marital status (P<0.05). The occupational stress scores of coal miners of different genders, years of service, education, shift system and monthly income were different. Different shift systems, types of work, and work-family conflict scores were also different. The various dimensions of job burnout have varying degrees of correlation with the JCQ, ERI, and Working-Family-Conflict dimensions.Age, work demands, effort, work-family conflict and work-family conflict are risk factors for job burnout, and work autonomy is the protective factor. Conclusions:The detection rate of job burnout in coal miners in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is relatively high. Age, work demands, effort, and work-family conflict increase the incidence of job burnout, while work autonomy reduces job burnout.
Quantitative Assessment of Organic And Inorganic Contaminants In Charcoal Applied for Food Processing
Authors: Jelonek Zbigniew , Fabiańska Monika , Jelonek Iwona 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thirty-one batches of commercial charcoal from various regions of Poland and Germany were tested for the presence of twenty toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Elements that are toxic to living organisms were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). They were classified as elements representing a very high degree of hazard (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb), high degree of hazard (Zn, Ba, Cr, Mn, and Mo), moderate degree of hazard (Co, Ni, Sn, and Te), and a low degree of hazard for living organisms and the environment (Ag, Bi, Ce, Se, Sr, and Zr). When it comes to the most toxic elements, the highest concentration in the whole tested material was recorded for Cu. In addition, considerable amounts of Ba, Mn, and Sr, i.e., elements representing high or moderate degree of hazard, were found in the tested charcoals. Moreover, all charcoals contained a wide range of PAHs, from naphthalene to benzo(ghi)perylene, with concentrations in the range between 12.55 and 3554.11 ng/g of charcoal. In total, 25 unsubstituted PAHs were identified in the charcoal extracts. PAHs distributions were dominated by 5-ring PAHs. The results indicate the high carcinogenicity with ∑PAHcarc/∑PAHtot close to 1, as well as high TEQ and MEQ values. Thus, prolonged exposure to charcoal and charcoal dust might cause serious health problems. This applies to employees actively involved in the production and transport of charcoal, and, to a lesser extent, also to users of this fuel.
A physicochemical assessment of the thermal stability of dextrin-colistin conjugates
Authors: Chiron Emilie , Varache Mathieu , Stokniene Joana , Thomas David W. , Ferguson Elaine L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Attachment of polysaccharide carriers is increasingly being used to achieve precision delivery and improved effectiveness of protein and peptide drugs. Although it is clear that their clinical effectiveness relies on the purity and integrity of the conjugate in storage, as well as following administration, instability of polysaccharide-based conjugates can reduce the protective efficacy of the polymer, which may adversely affect the bioactive’s potency. As a model, these studies used dextrin-colistin conjugates, with varying degrees of polymer modification (1, 2.5 and 7.5 mol% succinoylation) to assess the effect of storage temperature (-20, 4, 21 and 37°C) and duration (up to 12 months) on saccharide and colistin release and antimicrobial activity. Estimation of the proportion of saccharide release (by comparison of area under the curve from size exclusion chromatograms) was more pronounced at higher temperatures (up to 3 and 35% at -20°C and 37°C, respectively after 12 months), however, repeated freeze-thaw did not produce any measurable release of saccharides, while addition of amylase (20, 100, 500 IU/L) caused rapid release of saccharides (> 70% total within 24 h). At all temperatures, conjugates containing the lowest degree of succinoylation released the highest proportion of free colistin, which increased with storage temperature, however no trend in saccharide release was observed. Despite the clear physical effects of prolonged storage, antimicrobial activity of all samples was only altered after storage at 37°C for 12 months (> 3-fold decreased activity). These results demonstrate significant release of saccharides from dextrin-colistin conjugates during prolonged storage in buffered solution, especially at elevated temperature, which, in most cases, did not affect antimicrobial activity. These findings provide vital information about the structure-activity relationship of dextrin-colistin conjugates, prior to full-scale commercial development, which can subsequently be applied to other polysaccharide-protein and -peptide conjugates.
Self-Assembled Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Mediated Tumor-Associated Macrophages Reprogramming and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: qian husun , Fu Yixin , Guo Minkang , Yang Wu , Zhang Dian , Zhou Ting , Fang Wenli , Yao Mengli , Shi He , Chengsen Chai , Cheng Wei , Ding Shijia , chen tingmei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There is increasing interest in depleting or repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to generate a pro-inflammatory effect. However, TAMs usually display an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype in tumor microenvironment. Apparently, developing a macrophage targeting delivery system with immunomodulatory agents is urgent. In the study, an efficient siRNAs and CpG ODNs delivery system (CpG-siRNA-tFNA) was prepared with nucleic acid stepwise self-assembled. The tFNA composed of CpG ODNs and siRNAs showed a higher stability and an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency. Moreover, the CpG-siRNA-tFNA effectively reprogrammed TAMs toward M1 phenotype polarization with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and NF-κB signal pathways activation, which triggers dramatical antitumor immune responses. Hence, we have developed an efficient and reliable TAM-targeted therapeutic with immunomodulatory agents for for clinical applications.