bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conductive and ordered macroporous structure design of titanium oxide-based catalytic cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Fan , Guan Yani , Du Xiaohang , Liu Guihua , Sun Daolai , Li Jingde 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is hindered by the insulating characteristic of sulfur and slow reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides. Here, we propose a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structured conductive polar Ta-doped TiO2 framework with supported Co active site (CoTa@TiO2) to enhance the conversion kinetics of polysulfides. The 3DOM structure serves as an efficient sulfur host for the active sulfur through abundant pores and adsorption site. At the same time, the macropores can buffer the volume expansion of sulfur and enlarged mass transfer. The strong electrostatic attraction between Ti–O bond and polysulfide also promotes the adsorption of polysulfides. Moreover, the doped-Ta improves the conductivity of TiO2 by narrowing the band gap, whereas the supported Co can accelerate the catalytic transformation. Benefited from advanced structural design and synergistic effect of Co and Ta doped TiO2, the Li–S cell with 3DOM CoTa@TiO2 cathode exhibits an impressive areal capacity of 3.4 mAh cm−2 under a high sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm−2. This work provides an alternative strategy for the development of carbon-based cathode materials for Li–S batteries.
Experimental demonstration of accurate Bragg peak localization with ionoacoustic tandem phase detection (iTPD)
Authors: Wieser H P , Huang Y , Schauer J , Lascaud J , Würl M , Lehrack S , Radonic D , Vidal M , Hérault J , Chmyrov A , Ntziachristos V , Assmann W , Parodi K , Dollinger G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Accurate knowledge of the exact stopping location of ions inside the patient would allow full exploitation of their ballistic properties for patient treatment. The localized energy deposition of a pulsed particle beam induces a rapid temperature increase of the irradiated volume and leads to the emission of ionoacoustic (IA) waves. Detecting the time-of-flight (ToF) of the IA wave allows inferring information on the Bragg peak location and can henceforth be used for in-vivo range verification. A challenge for IA is the poor signal-to-noise ratio at clinically relevant doses and viable machines. We present a frequency-based measurement technique, labeled as ionoacoustic tandem phase detection (iTPD) utilizing lock-in amplifiers. The phase shift of the IA signal to a reference signal is measured to derive the ToF. Experimental IA measurements with a 3.5 MHz lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer and lock-in amplifiers were performed in water using 22 MeV proton bursts. A digital iTPD was performed in-silico at clinical dose levels on experimental data obtained from a clinical facility and secondly, on simulations emulating a heterogeneous geometry. For the experimental setup using 22 MeV protons, a localization accuracy and precision obtained through iTPD deviates from a time-based reference analysis by less than 15 μm. Several methodological aspects were investigated experimentally in systematic manner. Lastly, iTPD was evaluated in-silico for clinical beam energies indicating that iTPD is in reach of sub-mm accuracy for fractionated doses < 5 Gy. iTPD can be used to accurately measure the ToF of IA signals online via its phase shift in frequency domain. An application of iTPD to the clinical scenario using a single pulsed beam is feasible but requires further development to reach <1 Gy detection capabilities.
Resistive heating of a shape memory composite: analytical, numerical and experimental study
Authors: Pereira Sánchez Clara , Houbben Maxime , Fagnard Jean-François , Laurent Philippe , Jérôme Christine , Noels Ludovic , Vanderbemden Philippe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work investigates in detail the Joule resistive heating phenomenon of electroactive shape memory composites (SMC) when an electric current is injected at constant power. The SMC is a covalent poly(ϵ-caprolactone) network filled with 3 wt% of multiwall carbon nanotubes. The resistive heating of the SMC is studied by means of surface temperature measurements, analytical formulas and a coupled 3D thermo-electric numerical model. Analytical expressions are derived for the 2D temperature distribution within a parallelepipedic SMC, either with constant or linearly-dependent electrical resistivity. These analytical expressions can be used to investigate the influence of geometrical and material parameters in the steady-state temperature and its distribution across the sample. The results also allow one to identify the parameters that are crucial for predicting the temperature rise due to resistive heating: the temperature dependence of the resistivity has little effect on the steady-state temperature, whereas the thermal conductivity plays a significant role. The time-dependent temperature is shown to be related to the particular temperature dependence of heat capacity. Furthermore, the presence of external objects (clamps or grips) used during the shape memory cycle must be taken into consideration for a certain temperature to be reached since they result in a lower steady-state temperature and a slower resistive heating phenomenon. With the findings presented in this work, accurate resistive heating can be predicted for a SMC upon the injection of an electric current at constant power.
Electrical efficiency of SECE-based interfaces for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Morel Adrien , Brenes Alexis , Gibus David , Pillonnet Gaël , Badel Adrien 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesting interfaces have been widely investigated during the last decades in order to maximize the harvested power. Among the energy extraction circuits proposed in the literature, some of the most effective ones consist of extracting the electric charges from the piezoelectric elements in a synchronous way with the vibrations and within a very short portion of the vibration period (synchronized electric charge extraction (SECE), synchronous electric charge partial extraction, frequency tunable synchronous electrical charge extraction (FTSECE), etc.). For these strategies, most previous studies take the electrical efficiency (i.e. the electrical losses between the energy extracted from the piezoelectric element and the energy which is finally transferred in a storage element) into account in an ad-hoc and case-by-case manner. In this brief, we propose a unified analysis that applies to model the electrical efficiency of these SECE-based strategies taking into account losses introduced by the electrical interface. We identify the main loss mechanisms by demonstrating that the electrical efficiency mainly varies with two parameters: the quality factor of the electrical interface and the voltage inversion ratio of the considered strategy. Measurements on the FTSECE strategy show that our model predicts the stored power with a good accuracy and allows a better optimization of the harvesting interface (up to 5.4 times more stored power at off-resonance frequencies, and 30% larger harvesting bandwidth).
A hybrid MRE isolation system integrated with ball-screw inerter for vibration control
Authors: Jin Shida , Sun Shuaishuai , Yang Jian , Deng Lei , Du Haiping , Li Weihua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), as a field-dependent smart material, has been widely applied on base isolation for vibration reduction. However, the MRE isolation system often experiences large drift during a strong earthquake, which may cause mechanical failure. Additionally, its performance among the low-frequency range is still limited. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a hybrid vibration isolation system which is composed of four stiffness softening MRE isolators and a passive ball-screw inerter. A simulation was developed to prove the effectiveness of the hybrid isolation system before the earthquake tests. A scaled three-storey building was developed based on the scaling laws as the isolated objective in earthquake experiments. Besides, a linear quadratic regulation controller was utilised to control the mechanical properties of the hybrid MRE isolation system. Finally, the evaluation experiments of the building under a scaled Kobe earthquake excitation were conducted. The experimental results show that the simulation and the experimental results were in agreement, validating that the hybrid isolation system could provide a better vibration mitigation performance, in the meanwhile, reduce the displacement amplitude of the isolation system.
Structure-preserving analysis on Gaussian solitary wave solution of logarithmic-KdV equation
Authors: Hu Jingjing , Hu Weipeng , Zhang Fan , Zhang Han , Deng Zichen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The existence of the Gaussian solitary wave solution in the logarithmic-KdV equation has aroused considerable interests recently. Focusing on the defects of the reported multi-symplectic analysis on the Gaussian solitary wave solution of the logarithmic-KdV equation and considering the dynamic symmetry breaking of the logarithmic-KdV equation, new approximate multi-symplectic formulations for the logarithmic-KdV equation are deduced and the associated structure-preserving scheme is constructed to simulate the evolution of the Gaussian solitary wave solution. In the structure-preserving simulation process of the Gaussian solitary wave solution, the residuals of three conservation laws are recorded in each step. Comparing with the reported numerical results, it can be found that the Gaussian solitary wave solution can be simulated with tiny numerical errors and three conservation laws are preserved perfectly in the simulation process by the structure-preserving scheme presented in this paper, which implies that the proposed structure-preserving scheme improved the precision as well as the structure-preserving properties of the reported multi-symplectic approach.
Photon routing based on non-chiral interaction between atoms and waveguides
Authors: Zhang Wang-Rui , Shui Tao , Liu Yi-Lou , Ji Ning , Yang Wen-Xing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The photon router plays an essential role in the optical quantum network. However, conventional routers generally couple photons chirally into waveguides to achieve complete transmission from the input port to the required port. Here, we use non-chiral photon-atom interactions for targeted routing. The system consists of two V-type three-level atoms and two parallel waveguides. In addition, the two atoms are driven by external coherent fields, respectively. With a real-space Hamiltonian, the probability of photon transmitted to four ports can be obtained. The study shows that a single photon input from the left port of the waveguide-a can be deterministically transferred to any of the four ports of the two waveguides by adjusting the detuning of the atom and the driving field on the atom, as well as the distance between the two atoms.
On-chip light detection using integrated microdisk laser and photodetector bonded onto Si board
Authors: Kryzhanovskaya Natalia V , Zubov Fedor I , Moiseev Eduard I , Dragunova Anna S , Ivanov Konstantin A , Maximov Mikhail V , Kaluzhnyy Nikolay A , Mintairov Sergey A , Mikushev Sergey V , Kulagina Marina M , Guseva Julia A , Likhachev Alexey I , Zhukov Alexey E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Characteristics of a compact III–V optocoupler heterogeneously integrated on a silicon substrate and formed by a 31 µm in diameter microdisk (MD) laser with a closely-spaced 50 µm × 200 µm waveguide photodetector are presented. Both optoelectronic devices were fabricated from the epitaxial heterostroctructures with InGaAs/GaAs quantum well-dot layers. The measured dark current density of the photodetector was as low as 2.1 µA cm−2. The maximum link efficiency determined as the ratio of the photodiode photocurrent increment to the increment of the microlaser bias current was 1%–1.4%. The developed heterogeneous integration of III–V devices to silicon boards by Au-Au thermocompression bonding is useful for avoiding the difficulties associated with III–V epitaxial growth on Si and facilitates integration of several devices with different active layers and waveguides. The application of MD lasers with their lateral light output is promising for simplifying requirements for optical loss at III–V/Si interface.
Intracavity losses effect on mode-locking in a waveguide laser with graphene saturable absorber
Authors: Ponarina Mariya , Okhrimchuk Andrey , Dolmatov Timophey , Rybin Maxim , Obraztsova Elena , Bukin Vladimir , Obraztsov Petr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A single-wavelength compact diode-pumped solid-state laser based on a single-mode waveguide with a diameter of 20 µm and graphene saturable absorber is presented in this work. The total reflection coefficient of the intracavity interferometer has a significant effect on the level of intracavity losses. By accurate controlling the intracavity losses a stable continuous wave passive mode-locking at wavelength of 1064 nm with a pulse repetition rate of 9.5 GHz was obtained.
External calibrator in global signal experiment for detection of the epoch of reionization
Authors: Huang Yan , Wu Xiang-Ping , Guo Quan , Zheng Qian , Li Bi-Ying , Shan Huan-Yuan , Lee Ke-Jia , Xu Hai-Guang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a conceptual design study of external calibrators in the 21 cm experiment towards detecting the globally averaged radiation of the epoch of reionization (EoR). Employment of external calibrator instead of internal calibrator commonly used in current EoR experiments allows removing instrumental effects such as beam pattern, receiver gain and instability of the system if the conventional three-position switch measurements are implemented in a short time interval. Furthermore, in the new design the antenna system is placed in an underground anechoic chamber with an open/closing ceiling to maximally reduce the environmental effect such as RFI and ground radiation/reflection. It appears that three of the four external calibrators proposed in this paper, including two indoor artificial transmitters and one outdoor celestial radiation (the Galactic polarization), fail to meet our purpose. Diurnal motion of the Galactic diffuse emission turns out to be the most probable source as an external calibrator, for which we have discussed the observational strategy and the algorithm of extracting the EoR signal.
Design of a multi-function high-speed digital baseband data acquisition system
Authors: Pei Xin , Li Jian , Wang Na , Ergesh Toktonur , Duan Xue-Feng , Ma Jun , Chen Mao-Zheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A multi-function digital baseband data acquisition system is designed for the sampling, distribution and recording of wide-band multi-channel astronomical signals. The system hires a SNAP2 board as a digital baseband converter to digitize, channelize and packetize the received signal. It can be configured dynamically from a single channel to eight channels with a maximum bandwidth of 4096 MHz. Eight parallel HASHPIPE instances run on four servers, each carrying two NVMe SSD cards, achieving a total continuous write rate of 8 GB s−1. Data are recorded in the standard VDIF file format. The system is deployed on a 25-meter radio telescope to verify its functionality based on pulsar observations. Our results indicate that during the 30-minute observation period, the system achieved zero data loss at a data recording rate of 1 GB s−1 on a single server. The system will serve as a verification platform for testing the functions of the QTT (QiTai radio Telescope) digital backend system. In addition, it can be used as a baseband/VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) recorder or D-F-engine of correlator/beamformer as well.
An Arecibo follow-up study of seven pulsars discovered by Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST)
Authors: Wang Shen , Zhu Wei-Wei , Li Di , Pan Zhi-Chen , Wang Pei , Cordes James M. , Chatterjee Shami , Yao Ju-Mei , Qian Lei , Yue You-Ling , Zhang Lei , Zhao Ru-Shuang , Wang Shuang-Qiang , Niu Jia-Rui , Yuan Mao , Miao Chen-Chen , Xie Xiao-Yao , Liu Zhi-Jie , Yu Xu-Hong , You Shan-Ping , Meng Ling-Qi , Collaboration FAST 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present Arecibo 327 MHz confirmation and follow-up studies of seven new pulsars discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). These pulsars are discovered in a pilot program of the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS) with the ultra-wide-bandwidth commissioning receiver. Five of them are normal pulsars and two are extreme nulling slow pulsars. PSR J2111+2132’s dispersion measure(DM: 78.5 pc cm−3) is above the upper limits of the two Galactic free electron density models, NE2001 and YMW16, and PSR J2057+2133’s position is out of the Scutum-Crux Arm, making them uniquely useful for improving the Galactic free electron density model in their directions. We present a detailed single pulse analysis for the slow nulling pulsars. We show evidence that PSR J2323+1214’s main pulse component follows a non-Poisson distribution and marginal evidence for a sub-pulse-drift or recurrent period of 32.3±0.4 rotations from PSR J0539+0013. We discuss the implication of our finding to the pulsar radiation mechanism.
The isotropic energy function and formation rate of short gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Liu Zhi-Ying , Zhang Fu-Wen , Zhu Si-Yuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief, intense, gamma-ray flashes in the universe, lasting from a few milliseconds to a few thousand seconds. For short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) with duration less than 2 seconds, the isotropic energy (E
iso) function may be more scientifically meaningful and accurately measured than the luminosity (L
p) function. In this work we construct, for the first time, the isotropic energy function of sGRBs and estimate their formation rate. First, we derive the L
p – E
p correlation using 22 sGRBs with known redshifts and well-measured spectra and estimate the pseduo redshifts of 334 Fermi sGRBs. Then, we adopt the Lynden-Bell c
− method to study isotropic energy functions and formation rate of sGRBs without any assumption. A strong evolution of isotropic energy E
iso ∝ (1+z)5.79 is found, which is comparable to that between L
p and z. After removing effect of the cosmic evolution, the isotropic energy function can be reasonably fitted by a broken power law, which is

ϕ
(

E

iso
,
0

)
∝

E

iso
,
0

−
0.45

for dim sGRBs and

ϕ
(

E

iso
,
0

)
∝

E

iso
,
0

−
1.11

for bright sGRBs, with the break energy 4.92 × 1049 erg. We obtain the local formation rate of sGRBs is about 17.43 events Gpc−3 yr−1. If assuming a beaming angle is 6° to 26°, the local formation rate including off-axis sGRBs is estimated as ρ
0,all = 155.79 – 3202.35 events Gpc−3 yr−1.
Revisiting the formation mechanism for coronal rain from previous studies
Authors: Li Le-Ping , Peter Hardi , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Song Hong-Qiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Solar coronal rain is classified generally into two categories: flare-driven and quiescent coronal rain. Th latter is observed to form along both closed and open magnetic field structures. Recently, we proposed that some of the quiescent coronal rain events, detected in the transition region and chromospheric diagnostics, along loop-like paths could be explained by the formation mechanism for quiescent coronal rain facilitated by interchange magnetic reconnection between open and closed field lines. In this study, we revisited 38 coronal rain reports from the literature. From theseearlier works, we picked 15 quiescent coronal rain events out of the solar limb, mostly suggested to occur in active region closed loops due to thermal nonequilibrium, to scrutinize their formation mechanism. Employing the extreme ultraviolet images and line-of-sight magnetograms, the evolution of the quiescent coronal rain events and their magnetic fields and context coronal structures is examined. We find that six, comprising 40%, of the 15 quiescent coronal rain events could be totally or partially interpreted by the formation mechanism for quiescent coronal rain along open structures facilitated by interchange reconnection. The results suggest that the quiescent coronal rain facilitated by interchange reconnection between open and closed field lines deserves more attention.
Absolute parameters of young stars: PU Pup
Authors: Erdem Ahmet , Sürgit Derya , Banks Timothy S. , Özkardeş Burcu , Budding Edwin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present combined photometric and spectroscopic analyses of the southern binary star PU Pup. High-resolution spectra of this system were taken at the University of Canterbury Mt. John Observatory in the years 2008 and again in 2014–2015. We find the light contribution of the secondary component to be only ∼2% of the total light of the system in optical wavelengths, resulting in a single-lined spectroscopic binary. Recent TESS data revealed grazing eclipses within the light minima, though the tidal distortion, examined also from Hipparcos data, remains the predominating light curve effect. Our model shows PU Pup to have the more massive primary relatively close to filling its Roche lobe. PU Pup is thus approaching the rare ‘fast phase’ of interactive (Case B) evolution. Our adopted absolute parameters are as follows: M
1 = 4.10 (±0.20) M
⊙, M
2 = 0.65 (±0.05) M
⊙, R
1 = 6.60 (±0.30) R
⊙, R
2 = 0.90 (±0.10) R
⊙; T
1 = 11500 (±500) K, T
2 = 5000 (±350) K; photometric distance = 186 (±20) pc, age = 170 (±20) Myr. The less-massive secondary component is found to be significantly oversized and overluminous compared to standard main sequence models. We discuss this discrepancy referring to heating from the reflection effect.
Recurrent coronal jets observed by SDO/AIA
Authors: Zhang Yan-Jie , Zhang Qing-Min , Dai Jun , Xu Zhe , Ji Hai-Sheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we carried out multiwavelength observations of three recurring jets on 2014 November 7. The jets originated from the same region at the edge of AR 12205 and propagated along the same coronal loop. The eruptions were generated by magnetic reconnection, which is evidenced by continuous magnetic cancellation at the jet base. The projected initial velocity of jet2 is ∼402 km s−1. The accelerations in the ascending and descending phases of jet2 are not consistent, the former is considerably larger than the value of g
⊙ at the solar surface, while the latter is lower than g
⊙. There are two possible candidates of extra forces acting on jet2 during its propagation. One is the downward gas pressure from jet1 when it falls back and meets with jet2. The other is the viscous drag from the surrounding plasma during the fast propagation of jet2. As a contrast, the accelerations of jet3 in the rising and falling phases are constant, implying that the propagation of jet3 is not significantly influenced by extra forces.