bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizens' Willingness to Support New Taxes for COVID‐19 Measures and the Role of Trust
Authors: Lachapelle Erick , Bergeron Thomas , Nadeau Richard , Daoust Jean‐François , Dassonneville Ruth , Bélanger Éric 
Published: April 2021

The COVID‐19 public health pandemic has seen governments spend trillions of dollars to limit the spread of the COVID‐19 virus as well as to soften the economic blow from the shutting down of national economies. Subsequent budget shortfalls raise the question of how governments will pay for the direct and indirect costs associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this article, we study the public's willingness to contribute through paying a new tax, with a focus on Canada. We find that both generalized social and political trust are associated with a greater willingness to support a COVID‐related tax and that generalized social trust, in particular, attenuates the negative effect of an experimentally manipulated, specified level of tax burden on policy support. These findings entail important implications for the public opinion and tax policies literature, as well as for policy makers.Related ArticlesGainous, Jason, Stephen C. Craig, and Michael D. Martinez. 2008. “Social Welfare Attitudes and Ambivalence about the Role of Government.” Politics & Policy 36 (6): 972‐1004. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00147Shock, David R. 2013. “The Significance of Opposition Entrepreneurs on Local Sales Tax Referendum Outcomes.” Politics & Policy 41 (4): 588‐614. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12028Wagle, Udaya R. 2013. “The Heterogeneity Politics of the Welfare State: Changing Population Heterogeneity and Welfare State Policies in High‐Income OECD Countries, 1980‐2005.” Politics & Policy 41 (6): 947‐984. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12053
Prevalence and prognostic impact of physical frailty in interstitial lung disease: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Farooqi Mohammed A. Malik , O'Hoski Sachi , Goodwin Sarah , Makhdami Nima , Aziz Afia , Cox Gerard , Wald Joshua , Ryerson Christopher J. , Beauchamp Marla K. , Hambly Nathan , Kolb Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivePhysical frailty is associated with increased mortality and hospitalizations in older adults. We describe the prevalence of physical frailty and its prognostic impact in patients with a spectrum of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD).MethodsPatients with fibrotic ILD at the McMaster University ILD programme were prospectively followed up from November 2015 to March 2020. Baseline data were used to classify patients as non‐frail (score = 0), pre‐frail (score = 1–2) or frail (score = 3–5) based on modified Fried physical frailty criteria. The association between physical frailty and mortality was assessed using time‐to‐event models, adjusted for age, sex, lung function and diagnosis using the ILD Gender–Age–Physiology (ILD‐GAP) score.ResultsWe included 463 patients (55% male, mean [SD] age 68 [11] years); 82 (18%) were non‐frail, 258 (56%) pre‐frail and 123 (26%) frail. The most common ILD diagnoses were idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 183, 40%) and connective tissue disease‐associated‐ILD (n = 79, 17%). Mean time since diagnosis was 2.7 ± 4.6 years. There were 56 deaths within the median follow‐up of 1.71 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.24, 2.31) years. Both frail and pre‐frail individuals had a higher risk of death compared to those categorized as non‐frail at baseline (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.14, 95% CI 1.27–13.5 for pre‐frail and aHR 4.41, 95% CI 1.29–15.1 for frail).ConclusionPhysical frailty is prevalent in patients with ILD and is independently associated with an increased risk of death. Assessment of physical frailty provides additional prognostic value to recognized risk scores such as the ILD‐GAP score, and may present a modifiable target for intervention.
Moment‐based estimation for the multivariate COGARCH(1,1) process
Authors: do Rêgo Sousa Thiago , Stelzer Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFor the multivariate COGARCH process, we obtain explicit expressions for the second‐order structure of the “squared returns” process observed on an equidistant grid. Based on this, we present a generalized method of moments estimator for its parameters. Under appropriate moment and strong mixing conditions, we show that the resulting estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. Sufficient conditions for strong mixing, stationarity and identifiability of the model parameters are discussed in detail. We investigate the finite sample behavior of the estimator in a simulation study.
Community‐based participatory research: Suicide prevention for youth at highest risk in Guyana
Authors: Denton Ellen‐ge D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudied mostly in developed countries, the increased prevalence of suicide among youth, worldwide, is a preventable public health concern. Guyana, a developing country in South America, has the highest rate of youth death by suicide. Based on the diathesis–stress model, this community‐based study aimed to identify both psychiatric and biological factors associated with repeated suicide attempts among high‐risk youth.ObjectiveWe measured psychiatric symptoms, childhood traumas, and cortisol to identify correlates with recurrent suicide attempts.MethodPoisson regression tested the association between psychiatric symptoms, trauma, and cortisol levels on number of suicide attempts among 50 youths from three child welfare orphanages in Guyana. Sixty‐six percent were female, and the average age was 14 years. DSM‐5 symptom measure was administered and saliva samples collected.ResultsFifty percent of the youth endorsed suicide attempt. Within this subsample, a minimum of one and maximum of five suicide attempts were self‐reported. Participants’ number of suicide attempts was positively associated with number of past traumas, psychosis, and depression symptoms.ConclusionSuicide prevention screening among at‐risk youth should target severity of psychosis and depression reports and number of traumatic life experiences.
Depression, suicide risk, and declining to answer firearm‐related survey items among military personnel and veterans
Authors: Bryan Craig J. , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , May Alexis M. , Harris Julia A. , Baker Justin C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of military personnel and veterans who decline to answer survey items asking about firearm availability at home, and to determine how these characteristics compare to those of military personnel and veterans who answered these items.MethodsSelf‐report surveys were administered to 2025 military personnel and veterans visiting a primary care clinic located at five military installations across the United States for a routine visit. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors that distinguished participants with firearms at home, participants without firearms at home, and participants who declined answering.ResultsIn univariate analyses, participants who selected “refuse to answer” in response to an item asking about firearm access at home did not differ demographically from participants who selected “yes,” but were significantly more likely to screen positive for depression and recent thoughts of death or self‐harm. These differences were not statistically significant in multivariate analyses, however. Participants who selected “refuse to answer” or “yes” were significantly more likely than participants who selected “no” to be male, white, and previously deployed.ConclusionsMilitary personnel and veterans who decline answering firearm‐related survey items are indistinguishable from those who report having a firearm at home. Declining to answer firearm‐related items is more common among those who screen positive for depression or recent thoughts of death or self‐harm, but this association is statistically accounted for by demographic factors (i.e., male gender, white race).
Suicidal self‐directed violence among gender minority individuals: A systematic review
Authors: Kaniuka Andrea R. , Bowling Jessamyn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveGender minority individuals represent a population at increased risk for suicidal self‐directed violence (SDV). However, traditional models of suicidal SDV fail to consider gender minority population‐specific factors that may buffer or exacerbate risk; further, while sexual and gender minority (SGM) health disparity frameworks may be extended suicidal SDV outcomes among gender minority individuals, little research exists bridging the gap between suicidal SDV research and SGM health disparity research. Thus, the current study sought to identify factors from SGM health disparity models related to suicidal SDV among gender minority individuals.MethodThe current study presents a synthesis of peer‐reviewed publications (n = 11) that were informed by an SGM health framework and specifically examined suicidal SDV among adult gender minority individuals within the United States.ResultsFactors from SGM health disparity models related to suicidal SDV outcomes included the following: 1) gender minority identity‐related factors; 2) gender minority‐related rejection, discrimination, harassment, and victimization; 3) structural stigma; and 4) resilience factors.ConclusionsFindings support the applicability of SGM health disparity concepts to suicidal SDV outcomes among gender minority individuals. Future longitudinal research with more diverse participants examining the impact of intersectionality of identity and predictive model fit is warranted.
Substance use, current criminal justice involvement, and lifetime suicidal thoughts and behaviors history: The moderating role of thwarted belonging
Authors: Mitchell Sean M. , Brown Sarah L. , Görgülü Tuğba , Conner Kenneth R. , Swogger Marc T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveCriminal justice involvement, substance use, and suicide pose significant public health concerns; however, the unique and synergistic effects of these experiences among high‐risk individuals remain understudied. We hypothesized positive main effects for alcohol‐related severity, drug‐related severity, current criminal justice involvement, and thwarted belonging (TB) on suicide ideation history (SIH) and suicide attempt history (SAH) and that TB would moderate these associations.MethodWe report on cross‐sectional analyses of self‐report assessments completed by 824 adult residential substance use patients.ResultsMultinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that as alcohol‐ and drug‐related severity increases, the probability of SIH and SAH increases; however, TB was only associated with a higher SIH probability. Significant two‐way interactions (current criminal justice involvement*TB; alcohol‐related severity*TB) indicated that (1) those high in TB with current criminal justice involvement were more likely to report a SIH than those without current criminal justice involvement; and (2) those low in TB and alcohol‐related severity had the lowest SAH probability, whereas those low in TB and high in alcohol‐related severity had the highest SAH probability.ConclusionThe unique and combined effects of interpersonal and contextual risk factors may improve suicide risk conceptualization and assessment, and allow for tailored treatments for this high‐risk population.
Geospatial identification of high youth suicide risk areas via electronic health records: Avenues for research and prevention efforts
Authors: Hill Ryan M. , Gushanas Kimberly L. , Alvis Lauren , Dodd Cody G. , Kurian Sherin , Saxena Johanna , Saxena Kirti , Kaplow Julie B. , Rufino Katrina , Williams Laurel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveAs suicide risk screening becomes more common in healthcare settings, geospatial coding of behavioral health data may offer a means for identifying areas of elevated suicide risk for use in public health prevention efforts. The present study demonstrates an analytic approach for using universal suicide risk screening data to identify areas of elevated suicide risk.MethodData were drawn from standard suicide risk screens recorded in electronic health records of a large pediatric emergency department. A total of 12,400 suicide risk screening responses were recorded, among youth aged 11–19 years (mean = 14.60, SD = 2.16; 57.2% girls, 47.8% Hispanic/Latinx, 72.1% White). A total of 86 unique ZIP codes had at least 50 completed screens, representing 9139 respondents.ResultsRates of positive screens ranged from 6.17% to 31.03% (mean = 18.33, SD = 5.14) for any suicide‐related behavior and from 0.0% to 19.61% (mean = 9.14, SD = 3.43) for suicide attempt. Rates of positive screens approximated a normal distribution.ConclusionsResults demonstrated several areas with elevated rates of positive suicide risk screens, within the hospital catchment area. The proposed method capitalizes on large‐scale screening data, provides an estimate of areas of relative increased risk, and may be used to inform public health responses to suicide prevention.
Evaluation of a suicide loss support training program for organ procurement personnel
Authors: Tucker Raymond P. , Drapeau Christopher W. , Schwab Nila , Campbell Frank R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a 6‐h traumatic loss training program on organ procurement personnel attitudes, confidence, and knowledge about suicide loss and best practices in supporting survivors. Organ procurement personnel may be uniquely positioned to deliver supportive programming as they have early access to suicide loss survivors (i.e., within hours or days of a loss) and are trained in a variety of backgrounds that include skills in supportive service delivery (i.e., nursing and social work).MethodSixty‐four personnel participated in the 6‐h Traumatic Loss Support Program (TLSP) training and completed measures of attitudes, confidence, and knowledge about supporting suicide loss survivors prior to and following the training.ResultsRatings of the usefulness of the training were high and mean scores on all measures of attitudes, confidence, and knowledge increased with moderate to large effect sizes.ConclusionsResults of the current study demonstrate that the TLSP training may be an effective way of increasing suicide loss supportive services provided by organ procurement personnel; however, further research is needed to determine the extent to which these interactions influence the bereavement of those who have lost loved ones to suicide and the fidelity in which the TLSP is implemented.
Three department of defense‐funded public health approaches to reduce military suicide
Authors: LaCroix Jessica M. , Walsh Adam , Baggett Mark A. , Madison Carter K. ,   the Suicide Care, Prevention, and Research Initiative (Suicide CPR Initiative) Team, Ghahramanlou‐Holloway Marjan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is a serious and growing public health concern, both for the United States (U.S.) and for the Department of Defense (DoD).MethodsUsing the social–ecological framework, we provide examples of how three newly developed, DoD‐funded pilots/programs have incorporated a public health approach to help prevent military suicide.Key ResultsThe first two programs demonstrate how non‐clinical, community‐based approaches can be tailored to specific military subgroups at the individual, relational, and community levels. These programs include a universal suicide prevention program developed for Special Operations service members, spouses, and mental health providers, and a selective suicide prevention program pilot developed for military chaplains to support them in their role as a “gateway” to care for distressed service members, improve mental health and chaplaincy collaboration, and prevent burnout. The third program illustrates how the creation of and policy of a methodology/infrastructure to conduct standardized, theory‐driven suicide death reviews across the DoD may inform the DoD public health approach to surveillance, review, and synthesis of suicide data, informed by the social–ecological model. Potential program limitations and evaluation efforts are discussed.ConclusionFuture prevention approaches should enhance coordination and communication between DoD, VA, and community organizations to enhance multi‐level suicide prevention programming for military personnel, veterans, and civilians.
Veteran peer suicide prevention: A community‐based peer prevention model
Authors: Beehler Sarah , LoFaro Carl , Kreisel Carlee , Dorsey Holliman Brooke , Mohatt Nathaniel V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model of community‐based veteran peer suicide prevention.MethodWe conducted a qualitative study in which semi‐structured interviews were followed by three focus groups. Participants (n = 17) were chosen from community‐based organizations who had peers working on veteran suicide prevention; the sample included veteran peers, non‐peers, program managers, and community stakeholders. Interview data were analyzed thematically and inductively to identify key components and subcomponents of veteran peer suicide prevention. A draft model was shared with each focus group to elicit feedback and refine key concepts.ResultsA conceptual model containing nine components and twenty‐six subcomponents was developed. Participants emphasized key organizational, relational, and practical elements needed to achieve positive outcomes. In addition, they described critical contextual and cultural factors that impacted veteran peers’ ability to prevent suicide and promote overall wellness.ConclusionsCommunity‐based veteran peer efforts are a promising public health approach to preventing veteran suicide. Provided veteran peers are supported and fully allowed to contribute, these efforts can complement existing clinic‐based efforts. Future research on community‐based veteran peer suicide prevention should document a range of outcomes (e.g., clinical, wellness, financial) and allow for considerable flexibility in peer approaches.
Ultraconserved elements reconstruct the evolution of Chagas disease‐vectoring kissing bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae)
Authors: Kieran Troy J. , Gordon Eric R.L. , Zaldívar‐Riverón Alejandro , Ibarra‐Cerdeña Carlos N. , Glenn Travis C. , Weirauch Christiane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTriatominae are the largest radiation of haematophagous species within the true bugs (Hemiptera) and the sole vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, the causative agent of Chagas disease, a neglected human disease that affects millions. We used a combined ultraconserved element (UCE) and ribosomal dataset from ethanol‐preserved and pinned specimens in a museomics approach to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among triatomines, including taxa of four of the five tribes with substantial representation of the Old World fauna. We conclude that: (i) Triatominae are monophyletic and Opisthacidius Berg is their predatory sister taxon; (ii) the three large genera (Rhodnius Stål, Triatoma Laporte and Panstrongylus Berg) are not monophyletic; (iii) Triatomini fall into nine well‐supported clades, only two of which are identical in composition to previously recognized groups; and (iv) the Old World clade is deeply nested within Triatomini. Ancestral character state reconstructions of specific character traits provide insights into the evolutionary history of Triatominae.
Disseminated blastomycosis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Chesdachai Supavit , Friedman Daniel Z. P. , Boire Nicholas A. , Abu Saleh Omar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDisseminated blastomycosis in solid organ transplant is uncommon. The diagnosis is usually challenging due to vague clinical presentations, which could lead to a devastating outcome. We reported a unique case of disseminated blastomycosis with laryngeal involvement in a kidney transplant recipient who presented with hoarseness. The diagnosis was made by histopathology and culture of laryngeal mass.
Effect of contrast agent viscosity and massage on success of computed tomography lymphangiography with aqueous contrast for sentinel lymph node identification in healthy dogs
Authors: Grimes Janet A. , Reed Rachel A. , Beale Chelsea , Secrest Scott A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSentinel lymph node (SLN) evaluation is important for accurate cancer staging. Computed tomography (CT) lymphangiography with aqueous contrast is a feasible technique for SLN identification in dogs. Although most studies report success rates around 90%, success rates as low as 60% have been reported. One reason for low success rates may be the difference in viscosity of the various agents used in comparison to normal lymph viscosity. The objective of this study was to evaluate contrast agents of differing viscosities for use in CT lymphangiography for SLN identification and to determine the influence of massage on contrast flow rates. The hypothesis was that lower viscosity agents would have a higher success rate and faster time to identification of the SLN than higher viscosity agents and that massage would increase contrast flow rates. Dogs were anaesthetised and CT lymphangiography was performed with four contrast agents of differing viscosities in a randomized crossover design. Injections were made on the dorsal pes bilaterally on two study days and the popliteal lymph nodes were evaluated for contrast uptake. There was no significant difference in success of SLN identification or time to SLN identification among the four agents. Massage of the injection site increased rate of contrast flow through the lymphatics. No specific recommendation for one contrast agent over another can be made with these results. Massage is recommended to improve lymphatic flow when performing CT lymphangiography with aqueous contrast in dogs.
A deep analysis of the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations that occur in skeletal muscle after the onset of immobilization
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Hung , Wilson Gary M. , Blanco Rocky , Steinert Nathaniel D. , Zhu Wenyuan G. , Coon Joshua J. , Hornberger Troy A. 
Published: April 2021

Key points
A decrease in protein synthesis plays a major role in the loss of muscle mass that occurs in response to immobilization.
In mice, immobilization leads to a rapid (within 6 h) and progressive decrease in the rate of protein synthesis and this effect is mediated by a decrease in translational efficiency.
Deep proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of mouse skeletal muscles revealed that the rapid immobilization‐induced decrease in protein synthesis cannot be explained by changes in the abundance or phosphorylation state of proteins that have been implicated in the regulation of translation.
AbstractThe disuse of skeletal muscle, such as that which occurs during immobilization, can lead to the rapid loss of muscle mass, and a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis plays a major role in this process. Indeed, current dogma contends that the decrease in protein synthesis is mediated by changes in the activity of protein kinases (e.g. mTOR); however, the validity of this model has not been established. Therefore, to address this, we first subjected mice to 6, 24 or 72 h of unilateral immobilization and then used the SUnSET technique to measure changes in the relative rate of protein synthesis. The result of our initial experiments revealed that immobilization leads to a rapid (within 6 h) and progressive decrease in the rate of protein synthesis and that this effect is mediated by a decrease in translational efficiency. We then performed a deep mass spectrometry‐based analysis to determine whether this effect could be explained by changes in the expression and/or phosphorylation state of proteins that regulate translation. From this analysis, we were able to quantify 4320 proteins and 15,020 unique phosphorylation sites, and surprisingly, the outcomes revealed that the rapid immobilization‐induced decrease in protein synthesis could not be explained by changes in either the abundance, or phosphorylation state, of proteins. The results of our work not only challenge the current dogma in the field, but also provide an expansive resource of information for future studies that are aimed at defining how disuse leads to loss of muscle mass.