bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge levels and awareness about rational antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance before and after graduation
Authors: Kose Adem , Colak Cemil 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective Irrational use of antibiotics may adversely affect the treatment outcomes or even lead to increased antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to evaluate the level of theoretical knowledge of rational antibiotic use and awareness about antimicrobial resistance among the senior students at a medical school and the family physicians.Methods This study was cross-sectional research and was carried out between 01 February-30 April 2019 in Malatya province. Two-hundred twenty-five senior students in the Inonu University Medical School (Group 1) and 230 actively-working family physicians in Malatya primary healthcare services who were found eligible (Group 2). Power analysis was calculated as the minimum of 240 participants when considering a proportion difference of 0.18 between the groups, a type I error of 0.05 and a type II error of 0.20. A p<0.05 value was considered to be statistically significant.Results Researchers argued that penal sanctions can be more effective by developing strict use policies to raise awareness of resistance to antimicrobials. Group 2 had higher self-confidence, and it was also concluded that they forgot their theoretical antibiotic knowledge over time, and they could not follow the current information because of the intensity of their working life. Both groups stated that post-graduation training could be used effectively for reducing antimicrobial resistance.Conclusions This study attempted to increase awareness to determine the difference in theoretical knowledge levels and behavior models of physicians before and after graduation. Sustainable antibiotic training for doctors after graduation will contribute positive effects to antimicrobial resistance and rational use of antibiotics.
Scientific Worldview Differences Between Allopathic Medical Degree and East Asian Medicine Degree Students
Authors: Dudla Saikaew , Herron Patrick , Marantz Paul , Milan Felise , Campbell Corbin , Anderson Belinda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Integrative medicine has become a new healthcare model due to the growing evidence base for complementary and integrative therapies. However, some question whether complementary and integrative therapies can truly be integrated with biomedicine due to differences in underlying paradigms and theoretical bases. This study aimed to explore differences in scientific worldviews between students studying East Asian medicine and those completing an allopathic medical degree using the validated Thinking about Science Survey Instrument (TSSI).Methods 122 medical students from Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Einstein) and 48 East Asian medicine students from the Pacific College of Health and Science (Pacific College) participated in this study. Participants completed the TSSI, a 60-item Likert-scale instrument that quantitatively measures the sociocultural resistance to, and support for science. Item and category means were compared for each group using the two-sample t-test.Results Einstein students were generally supportive of science and Pacific College students were generally supportive of/positively neutral to science. Einstein students more strongly affirmed the relationship of science in relation to the categories of Epistemology, Public Health, Emotion and Aesthetics, the Economy, and Public Policy. Pacific College students more strongly affirmed the relationship between science and the category Race and Gender. There were no differences in the categories of Environment and Resource, Science for All, and Religion and Morality.Conclusion This study suggests that there are differences underlying the scientific worldviews of Einstein and Pacific College students, particularly with regard to Epistemology and Public Health. Such differences may be related to the different theoretical knowledge bases and ways of viewing health within the two disciplines. Our study also suggests that both groups may be receptive to the value of other paradigms. Providing courses that focus on different therapeutic approaches and paradigms during medical training may foster interprofessional understanding and collaboration between providers of different medical disciplines.
Spatial feasibility of large-scale farming for sustainable agriculture in China
Authors: Gu Baojing , Duan Jiakun , Ren Chenchen , Wang Sitong , Zhang Xiuming , Reis Stefan , Xu Jianming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
China’s agricultural sector is dominated by smallholder farms, which exhibit relatively low nutrient use efficiency, low agricultural income and substantial non-point source pollution. Here, by integrating data from over 40,000 rural surveys, ecological modelling, and geostatistical analysis, we found that 86% of Chinese croplands could be consolidated to establish a large-scale farming regime with an average field size greater than 16 hectares. This would result in a 42% reduction of total nitrogen input, an 18% increase of nitrogen use efficiency, and a 55% reduction in labor requirement, while doubling labor income. Despite requiring a one-time investment of approximate 370 billion US dollars for land consolidation, agricultural profits overall would double due to agricultural production costs being halved. It is spatially feasible and cost-effective to consolidate small land patches for transformation of smallholder to large-scale farming that makes a substantial contribution to attaining sustainable agricultural development in China.
Adipose tissue is a predictor of 30-days mortality in patients with bloodstream infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae&nbsp;
Authors: cai weiyang , ying piaopiao , ye yinchai , ye jianzhong , chen jiajing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Prevalence of CRKP bloodstream infection with high mortality has attached physicians' attention. High-VAT and high-SAT were confirmed by previous studies that closely related to increased pneumonia severity, more complications, and higher mortality in COVID-19. Thus, we speculate that CT-quantified body composition may also be connected to all-cause mortality and bacterial clearance in patients with CRKP bloodstream infection.
Methods

We investigated the associations of CT-quantified body composition with CRKP bloodstream infectious patients. All of the CT images were obtained at the level of the L3/4 spinal level. The prognostic value of the body composition was analyzed using the Cox regression model, and precise clinical nomograms were established.
Results

Factors associated with 30-day all-in hospital mortality included TAT [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.028, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.004–1.053; p = 0.028], age [OR = 1.031, 95% CI, 1.001–1.062; p = 0.046] and SOFA score [OR = 1.137, 95% CI 1.047–1.235; p = 0.002]. Compared with low-VAT, patients with high-VAT show a strikingly poor prognosis in both 30-day mortality (P = 0.0449, Fig. 2A) and all-cause mortality (P = 0.0048, Fig. 2C). The results of TAT were similar with VAT.
Conclusions

Our study suggests that CT-derived composition could be a credible and effective alternative to assess the prognosis of patients with BSIs owing to CRKP. CT-quantified total adipose tissue, age and SOFA scores were independently associated with 30-day all-cause mortality in these severe infectious patients, while skeletal muscle did not have obvious statistical significance.
Illness Perceptions;&nbsp;Mediators and/or Moderators in Disabling Persistent Low Back Pain? A Multiple Baseline Single-Case Experimental Design
Authors: Raaij Edwin , Wittink Harriet , maissan Francois , Twisk Jos , Ostelo Raymond 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionIllness Perceptions (IPs) may be important in the management of persistent low back pain. The mediation and/or moderation effect of IPs on primary outcomes in physiotherapy treatment is unknown. MethodsA multiple single-case experimental design, using a matched care physiothetapy intervention, with 3 phases (phases A-B-A’) was used including a 3-month follow up (phase A’). Primary outcomes: pain intensity, physical functioning and pain interference in daily life. Analyzes: linear mixed models, adjusted for fear of movement, catastrophizing, avoidance, sombreness and sleep. ResultsNine patients were included by six different primary care physiotherapists. Repeated measures on 196 data points showed that IPs Consequences, Personal control, Identity, Concern and Emotional response had a mediation effect on all three primary outcomes. The IP Personal control acted as a moderator for all primary outcomes, with clinically relevant improvements at 3-month follow up.ConclusionThis is the first study to shed some light in the mediating effects of IPs on the outcome of a matched care physiotherapy treatment. At baseline, assessing Personal control is relevant to determine the outcome prognosis of successful physiotherapy management of persistent low back pain.
Rigorous Method of Weights Calculation in Adjustment of Measurement Data with Different Qualities
Authors: Xiaoming Ye , Shijun Ding 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the traditional measurement theory, precision is defined as the dispersion of measured value, and is used as the basis of weights calculation in the adjustment of measurement data with different qualities, which leads to the trouble that trueness is completely ignored in the weight allocation. In this paper, following the pure concepts of probability theory, the measured value (observed value) is regarded as a constant, the error as a random variable, and the variance is the dispersion of all possible values of an unknown error. Thus, a rigorous formula for weights calculation and variance propagation is derived, which solves the theoretical problem of determining the weight values in the adjustment of multi-channel observation data with different qualities. The results show that the optimal weights are not only determined by the covariance array of observation errors, but also related to the model of adjustment.
Mathematical Model of Human Semicircular Canal Spatial Attitude&nbsp;
Authors: Wu Shu-zhi , Lin Ping , Zheng Yan-yan , Zhou Yi-fei , Yang Xiao-kai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Located deep in the temporal bone, the semicircular canal is a subtle structure that requires a spatial coordinate system for measurement and observation. In this study,Fifty-five semicircular canal and eyeball models were obtained by segmentation of MRI data. The spatial coordinate system was established by taking the top of the common crus and the bottom of eyeball as the horizontal plane. Firstly, the plane equation is calculated according to the centerline of the semicircular canals. Then, according to the parameters of the plane equation, the plane normal vectors are obtained. Finally, the average unit normal vector of each semicircular canal plane can be obtained by calculating the average value of the vectors. It is more intuitive and accurate to calculate the average normal vector of semicircular canal plane with the vector average method, which is different from the angular average method in different degrees. The mathematical model of semicircular canal spatial attitude established in this study is more reliable, which can guide the vestibular function examination, and also help guide the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV.
Association Between Polymorphism at IGF-1 rs35767&nbsp;Gene Locus and Long-term Decline in Renal Function: A Retrospective, Cross-sectional, Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Honda Kosuke , Kuriyama Satoru , Ichida Kimiyoshi , Nakano Tomoko , Sugano Naoki , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) acts on glucose and protein metabolism and human growth and also influences blood pressure and renal function. This study investigated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism of IGF-1, rs35767, plays a role in metabolic syndrome indicators, including blood pressure, glucose metabolism, uric acid levels, and renal function.Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional, longitudinal cohort study, blood samples from 2601 Japanese individuals were collected and used for genotyping for variant rs35767: T > C in the IGF-1 upstream promoter. Data were analyzed to identify associations between IGF-1 genotypes and patient biochemical parameters, including the components of metabolic syndrome and the long-term change in renal function.Results: The cohort rs35767 genotypes included 1124 CC carriers (43.2 %), 1180 TC carriers (45.4 %), and 297 TT carriers (11.4 %). Multiple regression analysis revealed no association between IGF-1 genotype and systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin level, and serum uric acid level. However, in females, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure were negatively correlated with the TT genotype. In a cross-sectional analysis, factors associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate included higher mean blood pressure and glycated hemoglobin level. Longitudinal observation revealed that the decline in eGFR over 10 years was greater in TT (−18.5 ± 1.04 mL/min/1.73m2) than in CC carriers (−16.4 ± 0.52 mL/min/1.73m2; P < 0.05).Conclusion: The present study suggests that renal function declines faster in individuals with the TT genotype at the IGF-1 rs35767 locus than in those with the CC genotype, suggesting that the TT genotype is associated with the long-term chronological decline in renal function.
Association Between Changes in Hip-knee-ankle Angle and Hindfoot Alignment After Total Knee Arthroplasty for Varus Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Diao Naicheng , Yu Fei , Yang Bo , Ma Lifeng , Yin Heyong , Guo Ai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The change in hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may cause an adjustment in hindfoot alignment (HFA). However, the relationship between the changes in HKA angle and HFA is still not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the association between HKA angle and hindfoot alignment changes after TKA for varus knee osteoarthritis.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in which 108 patients with varus knee deformities were radiographically and clinically evaluated before and 3 months after TKA. The relationship of change in HFA with correction in HKA angle was investigated.Results: The results showed that the HFA was adjusted significantly by 3 months after TKA (p < 0.001), along with improved American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle hindfoot score (p < 0.001). Next, a univariate correlation and linear regression analysis showed that the change in HFA was weakly correlated with the change in HKA angle (r=-0.262, β=-0.14, 95% CI: -0.23 to -0.04, P=0.006). Further stratified analysis and interaction tests revealed that age has a distinct effect on the correlation between the changes in HFA and HKA angle. The correlation was dramatically greater in the group under 65 years (r=-0.474, β=-0.26, 95% CI: -0.41 to -0.12, P=0.001), whilst, no correlation was observed in those above 65 years old (r=-0.036, β=-0.02, 95% CI: -0.14 to 0.11, P=0.779). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that correction of HKA after TKA tend to promote adjustment in the hindfoot alignment toward re-balance of the whole lower limb weight-bearing axis. However, this mechanism obviously weakens in elderly patients. Therefore, if apparent hindfoot deformity exists in these patients before TKA, more perioperative intervention is required for hindfoot adjustment, and even HKA undercorrection may be considered.
Ocular Surface Pathology in Patients Suffering From Mercury Intoxication Is Consistent With Neurogenic Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Cañadas Pilar , Dorville Yrbani Lantigua , Enríquez-de-Salamanca Amalia , Fernandez Itziar , Pastor-Idoate Salvador , Sobas Eva M. , Dueñas Antonio , Pérez-Castrillón José Luis , Pastor J. Carlos , Calonge Margarita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To report ocular surface pathology of patients with acute/subacute mercury intoxication.Methods: Male workers intoxicated with inorganic mercury were examined for dry eye (DE)-related symptoms. Examinations included Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire; tear osmolarity, tear break-up time (T-BUT) and production; mechanical and thermal corneal sensitivity; corneal nerve and dendritic cell density analysis; and analysis of 23 tear cytokines.Results: Most patients, 63.6%, had severe DE-related symptoms. Tear osmolarity was elevated in 83.4%, and T-BUT was low in 22.7% of patients. Tear production and tear lysozyme concentration were low in 13.6% and 27.3% of cases, respectively. Corneal sensitivity thresholds for mechanical, heat and cold stimuli were higher than controls. Densities of nerves, nerve branching, and dendritic cells were lower than in controls. Patient tear levels of IL-12p70, IL1-RA, RANTES, and VEGF were increased, whereas EGF, IL-6, and IP-10/CXCL10 were decreased. Based on cytokine levels, two clusters of patients were identified. Cluster 2 patients had significantly increased tear levels of 18 cytokines, decreased tear lysozyme, lower nerve branching density, fewer dendritic cells, and higher urine mercury levels.Conclusions: Mercury poisoning produced previously undescribed ocular surface pathology, similar to neurogenic inflammatory type of DE and different from the more common DE subtypes.
Case of a lung collision tumor consisting of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: SASAKI Masato , SAKON Kayo , TANAKA Kaede , MIZUNAGA Tae , YANO Keita , KAWAMURA Yuuko , OKADA Akitoshi , IKEDA Takeshi , TANABE Sawaka , TAKAMORI Atsushi , YAMADA Narihisa , MORIOKA Kouichi , KOSHIJI Takaaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The collision tumor consisted of two malignant tumors that independently developed and were contiguous or had invaded each other. Among the reports of malignant collision tumors, collision tumors consisting of lung cancer and malignant lymphoma are extremely rare. We report case of a lung collision tumor consisting of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Case presentationA 74-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to identification of an abnormal nodular shadow in the right upper lobe on chest computed tomography following a chest X-ray. At the time of admission, a swollen lymph node of 7 cm × 5 cm was palpated in the left neck, and serum examination showed an abnormally high level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Close examination led to a diagnosis of stage IA squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and stage IVA malignant lymphoma, and treatment for the malignant lymphoma was prioritized. However, due to progression of lung cancer, a right upper lobectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. Pathological findings showed that squamous cell carcinoma and malignant lymphoma were both present in the same lesion.ConclusionOnly two cases of collision tumors consisting of malignant lymphoma and primary lung cancer were reported [1] [2] and this case is considered to be the third rare case in the world. As the rate of complications with other malignancies in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is high, in the case of advanced stage malignant lymphoma, physicians must consider which treatment should be prioritized according to the degree of progression of coexisting solid tumors.
MiR-3168, miR-6125, and miR-4718 as Potential Predictors of Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Quintanilha Julia , Cursino Maria , Borges Jessica , Torso Nadine , Bastos Larissa , Oliveira Juliana , Cobaxo Thiago , Pincinato Eder , Hirata Mario , Geraldo Murilo , Lima Carmen , Moriel Patricia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
No biomarker is available for identifying cancer patients at risk of developing nephrotoxicity when treated with cisplatin. We performed microRNA (miRNA) sequencing using plasma collected five days after cisplatin treatment (D5) from twelve patients with head and neck cancer with and without nephrotoxicity (grade ≥2 increased serum creatinine). The most differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups were selected for quantification at baseline and D5 in a larger cohort of patients. The association between miRNAs and nephrotoxicity was evaluated by calculating the odds ratio (OR) from univariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to estimate the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. MiR-3168 (p=1.98×10−8), miR-4718 (p=4.24×10−5), and miR-6125 (p=6.60×10−5) were the most differentially expressed miRNAs and were further quantified in 43, 48, and 53 patients, respectively. The baseline expression of miR-3168 (p=0.0456, OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.06) and miR-4718 (p=0.0388, OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.03–2.46) were associated with an increased risk of nephrotoxicity, whereas miR-6125 showed a trend (p=0.0618, OR=1.73, 95% CI: 0.98–3.29). MiR-4718 showed the highest AUC (0.77, 95% CI: 1.74–5.8) with sensitivity of 66.76 and specificity of 79.49. We therefore report baseline plasma miRNAs as potential predictors of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Migraine and the risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shu Mei-Jun , Wan Meng-Yao , Zhang Ding-Ding , Shen Hang , Zhu Yi-Cheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose

The relationship between migraine status and stroke risk was not determined. This study aims to summarize the existing evidence from prospective cohort studies.
Methods

We searched Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to Dec 2020, and all retrieved articles were screened by two independent reviewers. We extracted and assessed data by a structured and standardized data extraction form. The effect values were calculated using a random-effects model. This review was prospectively registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42020197137).
Results

Out of 10,705 records, 19 cohort studies including a combined total of 3,523,235 participants were finally included in the meta-analysis. At a mean of 9.31 years (range 1.4–20 years) follow-up, migraine was associated with an elevated risk of total stroke (pooled RR 1.69, 95%CI 1.36 to 2.11, P < 0.001, I2 = 86%), ischemic stroke (pooled RR 1.46, 95%CI 1.14 to 1.87, P < 0.001, I2 = 95.8%), and hemorrhagic stroke (pooled RR 1.37, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.81, P < 0.001, I2 = 85.9%). The prespecified subgroup analysis found that this kind of relationship existed in migraine with aura (ischemic stroke: pooled RR 1.75, 95%CI 1.35 to 2.29, P < 0.001, I2 = 81.7%; hemorrhagic stroke: pooled RR 1.63, 95%CI 1.26 to 2.10, P = 0.266, I2 = 23.2%), but not migraine without aura.
Conclusions

Our study implies that migraine, particularly migraine with aura, was associated with an increased risk for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.