bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid DNA methylation age during the acute recovery period following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Heinsberg Lacey W. , Liu Dongjing , Shaffer John R. , Weeks Daniel E. , Conley Yvette P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Biological aging may occur at different rates than chronological aging due to genetic, social, and environmental factors. DNA methylation (DNAm) age is thought to be a reliable measure of accelerated biological aging which has been linked to an array of poor health outcomes. Given the importance of chronological age in recovery following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), a type of stroke, DNAm age may also be an important biomarker of outcomes, further improving predictive models. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a unique tissue representing the local central nervous system environment post-aSAH. However, the validity of CSF DNAm age is unknown, and it is unclear which epigenetic clock is ideal to compute CSF DNAm age, particularly given changes in cell type heterogeneity (CTH) during the acute recovery period. Further, the stability of DNAm age post-aSAH, specifically, has not been examined and may improve our understanding of patient recovery post-aSAH. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize CSF DNAm age over 14 days post-aSAH using four epigenetic clocks.

Results
Genome-wide DNAm data were available for two tissues: (1) CSF for N = 273 participants with serial sampling over 14 days post-aSAH (N = 850 samples) and (2) blood for a subset of n = 72 participants at one time point post-aSAH. DNAm age was calculated using the Horvath, Hannum, Levine, and “Improved Precision” (Zhang) epigenetic clocks. “Age acceleration” was computed as the residuals of DNAm age regressed on chronological age both with and without correcting for CTH. Using scatterplots, Pearson correlations, and group-based trajectory analysis, we examined the relationships between CSF DNAm age and chronological age, the concordance between DNAm ages calculated from CSF versus blood, and the stability (i.e., trajectories) of CSF DNAm age acceleration over time during recovery from aSAH. We observed moderate to strong correlations between CSF DNAm age and chronological age (R = 0.66 [Levine] to R = 0.97 [Zhang]), moderate to strong correlations between DNAm age in CSF versus blood (R = 0.69 [Levine] to R = 0.98 [Zhang]), and stable CSF age acceleration trajectories over 14 days post-aSAH in the Horvath and Zhang clocks (unadjusted for CTH), as well as the Hannum clock (adjusted for CTH).

Conclusions
CSF DNAm age was generally stable post-aSAH. Although correlated, CSF DNAm age differs from blood DNAm age in the Horvath, Hannum, and Levine clocks, but not in the Zhang clock. Taken together, our results suggest that, of the clocks examined here, the Zhang clock is the most robust to CTH and is recommended for use in complex tissues such as CSF.
Proficiency-based progression intern training to reduce critical blood sampling errors including ‘wrong blood in tube’
Authors: O' Herlihy Noirin , Griffin Sarah , Gaffney Robert , Henn Patrick , Khashan Ali S. , Ring Mary , Gallagher Anthony , Cahill Mary R 
Published: December 2021

Background: Blood sampling errors including ‘wrong blood in tube’ (WBIT) may have adverse effects on clinical outcomes. WBIT errors occur when the blood sample in the tube is not that of the patient identified on the label. This study aims to determine the effect of proficiency-based progression (PBP) training in phlebotomy on the rate of blood sampling errors (including WBIT). Methods: A non-randomised controlled trial compared the blood sampling error rate of 43 historical controls who had not undergone PBP training in 2016 to 44 PBP trained interventional groups in 2017. In 2018, the PBP training programme was implemented and the blood sampling error rate of 46 interns was compared to the 43 historical controls in 2016. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis adjusting for sample timing. Results: In 2016, 43 interns had a total blood sample error rate of 2.4%, compared to 44 interns in 2017, who had error rate of 1.2% (adjusted OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.36-0.70; <0.01). In 2018, 46 interns had an error rate of 1.9% (adjusted OR=0.89, 95% CI 0.65-1.21; p=0.46) when compared to the 2016 historical controls. There were three WBITs in 2016, three WBITs in 2017 and five WBITs in 2018. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that PBP training in phlebotomy has the potential to reduce blood sampling errors. Trial registration number: NCT03577561
ECORISK2050: An Innovative Training Network for predicting the effects of global change on the emission, fate, effects, and risks of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Welch Samuel A. , Lane Taylor , Desrousseaux Alizée O.S , van Dijk Joanke , Mangold-Döring Annika , Gajraj Rudrani , Hader John D. , Hermann Markus , Parvathi Ayillyath Kutteyeri Anju , Mentzel Sophie , Nagesh Poornima , Polazzo Francesco , Roth Sabrina K. , Boxall Alistair B.A. , Chefetz Benny , Dekker Stefan C. , Eitzinger Josef , Grung Merete , MacLeod Matthew , Moe S. Jannicke , Rico Andreu , Sobek Anna , van Wezel Annemarie P. , van den Brink Paul 
Published: December 2021

By 2050, the global population is predicted to reach nine billion, with almost three quarters living in cities. The road to 2050 will be marked by changes in land use, climate, and the management of water and food across the world. These global changes (GCs) will likely affect the emissions, transport, and fate of chemicals, and thus the exposure of the natural environment to chemicals. ECORISK2050 is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network that brings together an interdisciplinary consortium of academic, industry and governmental partners to deliver a new generation of scientists, with the skills required to study and manage the effects of GCs on chemical risks to the aquatic environment. The research and training goals are to: (1) assess how inputs and behaviour of chemicals from agriculture and urban environments are affected by different environmental conditions, and how different GC scenarios will drive changes in chemical risks to human and ecosystem health; (2) identify short-to-medium term adaptation and mitigation strategies, to abate unacceptable increases to risks, and (3) develop tools for use by industry and policymakers for the assessment and management of the impacts of GC-related drivers on chemical risks. This project will deliver the next generation of scientists, consultants, and industry and governmental decision-makers who have the knowledge and skillsets required to address the changing pressures associated with chemicals emitted by agricultural and urban activities, on aquatic systems on the path to 2050 and beyond.
COVID-19 Social Science and Public Engagement Action Research in Vietnam, Indonesia and Nepal (SPEAR): Protocol for a mixed methods study exploring the experiences and impacts of COVID-19 for healthcare workers and vulnerable communities
Authors: Van Nuil Jennifer Ilo , Friska Dewi , Kekalih Aria , Bhandari Anup Raj , Bogh Claus , Brindle Hannah , Bui Thi Hong Ngoc , Deokota Dinesh , Ragil Dien Soraya Weldina , Doan Phuong Nhung , Fisher Jaom , Gautum Amit , Kurniawan Livia Nathania , Limato Ralalicia , Nguyen Hoang Yen , Nguyen Thanh Ha , Nguyen Thanh Phong , Nguyen Thanh Truong , Nguyen Thi Hong Yen , Nguyen Thi Kim Ngoc , Nguyen Thi Kim Tuyen , Nguyen Le Thao My , Pandey Aakriti , Rijal Samita , Roberts Chrissy , Shakya Rabi , Shakya Summita Udas , Sharma Pawan , Sutrisni Ida Aya , Thapa Pratibha , Timoria Diana , Tran Minh Hien , Tran Phuong Thao , Tran Thi Hang , Vu Bao Hung , Vu Tien Viet Dung ,   OUCRU COVID-19 research group, Karkey Abhilasha , Hamers Raph L , Chambers Mary , Lewycka Sonia 
Published: December 2021

Background: When the novel coronavirus – SARS-CoV-2 – started to spread globally, there was a call for social and behavioral scientists to conduct research to explore the wider socio-cultural contexts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to understand vulnerabilities, as well as to increase engagement within communities to facilitate adoption of public health measures. In this manuscript, we describe the protocol for a study conducted in Indonesia, Nepal, and Vietnam. In the study, we explore how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting individuals and their communities. We focus on the wider health and economic impacts of COVID-19, in particular emerging and increased burden on mental health, as well as new or deepened vulnerabilities in the communities. The introduction of vaccines has added another layer of complexity and highlights differences in acceptance and inequalities around access. Methods: We use mixed methods, combining survey methods and social media surveillance to gain a picture of the general situation within each country, with in-depth qualitative methods to gain a deeper understanding of issues, coupled with a synergistic engagement component. We also include an exploration of the role of social media in revealing or driving perceptions of the pandemic more broadly. Participants include health workers and members of communities from 13 sites across the three countries. Data collection is spread across two phases. Phase 1 is concerned with exploring lived experiences, impacts on working lives and livelihoods, mental health and coping strategies. Phase 2 is concerned with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, factors that increase and reduce acceptance, and factors that influence access. Conclusions: We will disseminate findings in multiple ways including short reports and policy briefs, articles in peer-reviewed journals, and digital diaries will be edited into short films and uploaded onto social media sites.
Longitudinal assessment of blood-borne musculoskeletal disease biomarkers in the DE50-MD dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Riddell Dominique O. , Hildyard John C. W. , Harron Rachel C. M. , Wells Dominic J. , Piercy Richard J. 
Published: December 2021

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Due to their phenotypic similarity to human patients, large animal models are invaluable tools for pre-clinical trials. The DE50-MD dog is a relatively new model of DMD, and carries a therapeutically-tractable mutation lying within the hotspot for human patients, making it especially valuable. Prior to conducting therapeutic trials using this novel animal model, it is essential to establish a panel of viable biomarkers. Methods: We evaluated a panel of blood-borne biomarkers of musculoskeletal disease in the DE50-MD dog. Venous blood samples were obtained monthly throughout an 18-month study period in DE50-MD (N=18) and wild-type (WT) control (N=14) dogs. A panel of potential plasma/serum biomarkers of DMD was measured and their theoretical utility in future clinical trials determined using sample size calculations. Results: Compared to WT dogs, DE50-MD dogs had substantially higher circulating creatine kinase (CK) activities, myomesin-3 (MYOM3), and the dystromiRs miR-1, miR-133a and miR-206, but significantly lower serum myostatin concentrations. An age-associated pattern, similar to that observed in DMD patients, was seen for CK and MYOM3. Sample size calculations suggested that low cohort sizes (N≤3) could be used to detect up to a 50% improvement in DE50-MD results towards WT levels for each biomarker or a combination thereof (via principal component analysis); as few as N=3 animals should enable detection of a 25% improvement using a combined biomarker approach (alpha 0.05, power 0.8). Conclusions: We have established a panel of blood-borne biomarkers that could be used to monitor musculoskeletal disease or response to a therapeutic intervention in the DE50-MD dog using low numbers of animals. The blood biomarker profile closely mimics that of DMD patients, supporting the hypothesis that this DMD model would be suitable for use in pre-clinical trials.
World-Around-Us Lesson in the Third Grade: “Diversity of the Animal World (Fauna)”
Authors: Demidenko A. , Struchaeva T. 
Published: December 2021

The article offers for consideration a variant of a lesson on the subject “The World-Around-Us”, which is held in the third grade based on the
use of the educational and methodological set “Primary School of the XXI century”. The purpose of the lesson, which is part of the “Kingdoms
of Nature” section, is to provide students with new knowledge about the diversity of the animal world. The high working capacity of junior
schoolchildren during the entire period of the lesson is ensured by the use of various types of tasks that require constant mental activity, reasonable alternation of material of varying degrees of complexity, and the inclusion of elements of art pedagogy in the educational process. The use of art-pedagogical techniques allows the third graders to be informed as effectively as possible about the real results of their studies. Figuratively speaking, junior schoolchildren “put new knowledge in a portfolio and take it with them”, that is, they discover the expansion of their knowledge on the topic under study as a visual result of their activities in the lesson.
The relationship between the nurses’ work environment and the quality and safe nursing care: Slovenian study using the RN4CAST questionnaire
Authors: Brešan Martina , Erčulj Vanja , Lajovic Jaro , Ravljen Mirjam , Sermeus Walter , Grosek Štefan 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThe safety and quality of patient care are basic guidelines in finding new and improved solutions in nursing. Important and influential factors shape the nurses’ work environment in hospitals.PurposeWith the study, we intended to investigate whether the perception of nurses’ work environment is related to the safety culture and the quality of patient care and whether it differs according to nurses’ level of education.Methods of workThe study with a quantitative research method was conducted at the six clinical departments of the University Medical Centre, Ljubljana in 2019. We used a survey questionnaire from the European survey Nurse forecasting in Europe (RN4CAST).Results270 nurses were included in the study. The response rate was 54%. The study confirmed that there is a correlation between the assessment of the nurses’ work environment and the general assessment of patient safety (r = 0.36; p <0.001), the general assessment of the quality of nursing care (r = 0.32; p <0.001), the confidence in patient self-care at discharge (r = 0.29; p <0.001) and the quality of patient care in the previous year (r = 0.27; p = 0.001). The results showed frequent verbal abuse of nurses, in 44.9% by patients and their relatives and in 35.4% by staff. Graduate nurses rated the work environment more negatively than healthcare technicians (p = 0.003).Discussion and conclusionWe confirmed the correlation between the assessment of nurses’ work environment and patient safety and the quality of health care, and that employees’ education influences the assessment and perception of the work environment.
Implementation of a neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Guan T. Hugh , Htut Hnin Nandar , Davison Colleen M. , Sebastian Shruti , Bartels Susan Andrea , Aung Soe Moe , Purkey Eva 
Published: December 2021

Background
Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar.

Methods
A mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results
46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization.

Conclusion
A community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
Validation of color Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography in the radiologic assessment of non-malignant acute splanchnic vein thrombosis
Authors: Sturm Lukas , Bettinger Dominik , Klinger Christoph , Krauss Tobias , Engel Hannes , Huber Jan Patrick , Schmidt Arthur , Caca Karel , Thimme Robert , Schultheiss Michael 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
International guidelines propose color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as primary imaging techniques in the diagnosis of acute splanchnic vein thrombosis. However, their reliability in this context is poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of our study was to validate CDUS and CT in the radiologic assessment of acute splanchnic vein thrombosis, using direct transjugular spleno-portography as gold standard.

Materials and methods
49 patients with non-malignant acute splanchnic vein thrombosis were included in a retrospective, multicenter analysis. The thrombosis’ extent in five regions of the splanchnic venous system (right and left intrahepatic portal vein, main trunk of the portal vein, splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein) and the degree of thrombosis (patent, partial thrombosis, complete thrombosis) were assessed by portography, CDUS and CT in a blinded manner. Reliability of CDUS and CT with regard to portography as gold standard was analyzed by calculating Cohen’s kappa.

Results
Results of CDUS and CT were consistent with portography in 76.6% and 78.4% of examinations, respectively. Cohen’s kappa demonstrated that CDUS and CT delivered almost equally reliable results with regard to the portographic gold standard (k = 0.634 [p < 0.001] vs. k = 0.644 [p < 0.001]). In case of findings non-consistent with portography there was no clear trend to over- or underestimation of the degree of thrombosis in both CDUS (60.0% vs. 40.0%) and CT (59.5% vs. 40.5%).

Conclusions
CDUS and CT are equally reliable tools in the radiologic assessment of non-malignant acute splanchnic vein thrombosis.
In situ Investigation during Low Pressure Carburizing by Means of Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction*
Authors: Tapar O. B. , Steinbacher M. , Gibmeier J. , Schell N. , Epp J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In situ X-ray diffraction investigations during low pressure carburizing (LPC) processes were performed with a specially developed process chamber at the German Electron Synchrotron Facility (DESY) in Hamburg, Germany. Carbon saturation in austenite was reached in less than 20 seconds for all processes with different parameters and carbides formed at the surface. Therefore, the direct contribution of carbon donor gas to the carbon profile after 20 seconds was reduced to very low levels. After that point, further supply of carbon donor gas increased the amount of carbides formed at the surface, which will contribute to the carbon profile indirectly by dissolution in the following diffusion steps. During quenching, martensite at higher temperatures had a lower c/a ratio than later formed ones. This difference is credited to self-tempering effects and reordering of carbon atoms within the martensite lattice.
An application research for near-surface repository of strontium-90 sorption kinetic model on mudrocks
Authors: Shi Y. , Chen W. , Lin H. , Gao Z. , Yang B. , Yang K. , Chen D. , Wang Z. , Fan Q. , Hua R. , Liu H. , Zhang A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study,90Sr was used as the test radionuclide to characterize the sorption kinetics and effects of initial 90Sr activity and remaining 90Sr in solid concentration were simulated for a near-surface repository. The study focused on the sorption characteristics of radionuclides in unsaturated groundwater environment (or vadose zone) is the important information for investigating the near-surface disposal of intermediate and low-level radioactive waste (ILLW). Moreover, the 90Sr sorption experiments reached equilibrium within 56 h, which fit to the first order sorption kinetic model, and the remaining 90Sr in mudrock samples showed obvious sorption equilibrium hysteresis, which fit to the second order sorption kinetic model. Before reaching the maximum sorption capacity, the sorption rate constant increases with 90Sr increasing; the distribution coefficient (Kd) of 56 h decreases with the remaining 90Sr decreasing. In addition, it showed that the slow sorption process dominated before the sorption reaches equilibrium. In fact, a reliable safety assessment methodology for on-going near-surface repository required a lot of the radionuclides parameters with local environment including the radionuclides sorption/desorption rate constant and maximum sorption capacity.
pH-responsive cisplatin-loaded niosomes: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity study and interaction analyses by simulation methodology
Authors: Sargazi Saman , Hosseinikhah Seyedeh Maryam , Zargari Farshid , Chauhana Narendra Pal Singh , Hassanisaadi Mohadeseh , Amani Soheil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cisplatin (Cis) is an effective cytotoxic agent, but its administration has been challenged by kidney problems, reduced immunity system, chronic neurotoxicity, and hemorrhage. To address these issues, pH-responsive non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) by Span 60 and Tween 60 derivatized by cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS), a pH-responsive agent, and Ergosterol (helper lipid), were developed for the first time to deliver Cis. The drug was encapsulated in the niosomes with a high encapsulation efficiency of 89%. This system provided a responsive release of Cis in pH 5.4 and 7.4, thereby improving its targeted anticancer drug delivery. The noisome bilayer model was studied by molecular dynamic simulation containing Tween 60, Span 60, Ergosterol, and Cis molecules to understand the interactions between the loaded drug and noisome constituents. We found that the platinum and chlorine atoms in Cis are critical factors in distributing the drug between water and bilayer surface. Finally, the lethal effect of niosomal Cis was investigated on the MCF7 breast cancer cell line using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results from morphology monitoring and cytotoxic assessments suggested a better cell-killing effect for niosomal Cis than standard Cis. Together, the synthesis of stimuli-responsive niosomes could represent a promising delivery strategy for anticancer drugs.