bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable metasurface-based 1 × 2 waveguide switch
Authors: Alquliah Amged , Elkabbash Mohamed , Cheng Jinluo , Verma Gopal , Saraj Chaudry Sajed , Li Wei , Guo Chunlei 
Published: August 2021

Reconfigurable nanophotonic components are essential elements in realizing complex and highly integrated photonic circuits. Here we report a novel concept for devices with functionality to dynamically control guided light in the near-visible spectral range, which is illustrated by a reconfigurable and non-volatile (

1
×
2

) switch using an ultracompact active metasurface. The switch is made of two sets of nanorod arrays of

TiO

2

and antimony trisulfide (

Sb

2

S
3

), a low-loss phase-change material (PCM), patterned on a silicon nitride waveguide. The metasurface creates an effective multimode interferometer that forms an image of the input mode at the end of the stem waveguide and routes this image toward one of the output ports depending on the phase of PCM nanorods. Remarkably, our metasurface-based

1
×
2

switch enjoys an ultracompact coupling length of 5.5 μm and a record high bandwidth (22.6 THz) compared to other PCM-based switches. Furthermore, our device exhibits low losses in the near-visible region (

∼
1

dB

) and low cross talk (

−
11.24

dB

) over a wide bandwidth (22.6 THz). Our proposed device paves the way toward realizing compact and efficient waveguide routers and switches for applications in quantum computing, neuromorphic photonic networking, and biomedical sensing and optogenetics.
The development and pilot testing of an ACP simulation-based communication-training program: Feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Chen Jui-O , Chang Shu-Chen , Lin Chiu-Chu 
Published: August 2021

The lack of knowledge of advance care planning and training of communication skills among nurses in Taiwan is one of the main reasons for the low rate of advance directive signing. However, there is no specific and effective solution to this problem. The purposes of this study were (1) to develop and pilot testing of an advance care planning simulation-based communication training program and (2) to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the program. This study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1: Developing an advance care planning simulation-based communication training program; Phase 2: Conducting a pilot test; Phase 3: Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of the program. Twelve convenient participants from a medical center in central Taiwan were selected. The participants believed that team-based learning was beneficial for several reasons. First, it helped to clarify the participants’ understanding of advance care planning and improve their communication skills. Second, role-playing, as one of the components, was helpful for discovering their own shortcomings in communication skills while debriefing enabled them to identify their blind spots in the communication process. Finally, the reflection log documented their weekly performance so they were able to reflect upon their weekly performance, improve their performance, and become more confident. All twelve participants signed the consent form and completed the whole training program. The participants were satisfied with the program, affirming that the timing and content of the program were appropriate and that the expected learning outcomes could be achieved. According to participant feedback, the program was beneficial in improving their knowledge of advance care planning and confidence in communication. Thus, it is feasible and acceptable to introduce communication of advance care planning programs into the staff training protocols of healthcare organizations.
Clinical trial registration: NCT04312295.
Report: The effects of topical pleurotus tuberregium (PT) aqueous extract on intraocular pressure in monkeys
Authors: Akinlabi Ghalib A. , Kaufman Paul L. , Kiland Julie A. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
In earlier experiments in Nigeria, aqueous extract of Pleurotus tuber-regium (PT) had been shown to lower intra ocular pressure (IOP) in a feline model. The aim of the current study was to determine whether PT had the same or a similar IOP-lowering effect in ocularly normal non-human primates.

Methods
Four monkeys were treated twice daily for 4 days with 2 x 20 μl drops of 50 mg/ml PT (pH = 4.3). The monkeys were sedated with 5–10 mg/kg ketamine HCl IM. PT was administered to the right eye and BSS to the left eye. Baseline IOP was measured just prior to beginning treatment, and on day 5 before treatment and then hourly for 3 hours, beginning 1 hour after treatment. SLEs were performed at baseline and on day 5 pre- and 3 hours post-treatment.

Results
There was no significant difference between IOP in treated vs control eyes in the protocol. There were no adverse effects or toxicity as seen by SLE.

Conclusions
The inability of the extract to lower IOP in monkeys, in contrast to ocular hypertensive cats in an earlier study, could be due to species differences or duration of treatment. Since no adverse effects were observed in the monkeys, further studies with varying durations and dosages are recommended.
DINÂMICA DA CENTRALIDADE URBANA EM UMA PEQUENA CIDADE DO PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Bovo Marcos Clair , Gusmão Paulo Sérgio 
Published: August 2021

A centralidade surge a partir do fortalecimento econômico do centro, congregando a concetração de atividades econômicas e equipamentos urbanos. É o ponto da articulação da hinterlândia urbana que detém os fluxos de bens, serviços, mercadorias e pessoas. Diante disso, o artigo busca compreender o processo de centralidade urbana na pequena cidade de Terra Boa-PR, destacando as principais atividades econômicas e seus fluxos. Como aportes metodológicos foram utilizados: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa in loco, mapeamento do uso e ocupação do solo. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a centralidade não se estende por todo o centro, mas se restringe aos locais com deslocamentos de fluxos materiais e imateriais, havendo maior concentração na Avenida Brasil e suas quadras adjacentes por apresentarem um comércio variado e diversificado com produtos e serviços que congregam o circuito superior da economia urbana. A presença de atividades econômicas demonstra o caráter funcional e econômico da centralidade urbana presente na área central terrabonense, evidenciando a dinâmica econômica urbana interna ao abranger a demanda por bens e produtos, tanto para o consumo interno, quanto para atendimento de outras cidades do entorno.
Mediated Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqshabandiyah in the Digital Era: An Ethnographic Overview
Authors: Taufik Zulfan , Taufik Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

This article examines how Tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqshabandiyah (TQN) utilizes online media to strengthen its existence. As an integral part of the Islamic revival in Indonesia, Sufi orders (tarekat) are facing remarkable challenges and opportunities in maintaining their existence in the digital era. Nevertheless, previous studies observed Sufi orders as a traditional community that would be exterminated by the pace of modernization and globalization. This article argues that Sufi orders may survive in the internet of things era, contrary to preceding discourses. Based on ethnography research, both online and offline, the authors found out that the vitality of the Sufi order can adapt, develop, and innovate using online media. TQN's use of online media through various platforms proves Sufi order’s adaptive efforts to the internet-based era. TQN’s online media provide informations on Islamic and Sufism teachings, news, schedule of activities, and fundraising. Even though TQN members’ being active in cyber-Islamic environments, they resist online asceticism thus leverage the vertical-personal obedience, conservative authorities, and sacred rituals. These practices done by TQN members illuminate its identity as an authentic online sufism. Premises shown in this paper may enrich the scope of study within the relationship of Sufi orders and Islamic-cyber environment, especially in Indonesian context.
Existence of single peak solutions for a nonlinear Schrödinger system with coupled quadratic nonlinearity
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhou Ting 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We are concerned with the following Schrödinger system with coupled quadratic nonlinearity

−

ε

2

Δ
v
+
P
(
x
)
v
=
μ
v
w
,

x
∈

R

N

,

−

ε

2

Δ
w
+
Q
(
x
)
w
=

μ
2

v

2

+
γ

w

2

,

x
∈

R

N

,

v
>
0
,

w
>
0
,

v
,
w
∈

H

1

R

N

,

$$\begin{equation}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\varepsilon^{2} \Delta v+P(x) v=\mu v w, & x \in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \\ -\varepsilon^{2} \Delta w+Q(x) w=\frac{\mu}{2} v^{2}+\gamma w^{2}, & x \in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \\ v>0, \quad w>0, & v, w \in H^{1}\left(\mathbb{R}^{N}\right),\end{array}\right. \end{equation}$$

which arises from second-harmonic generation in quadratic media. Here ε > 0 is a small parameter, 2 ≤ N < 6, μ > 0 and μ > γ, P(x), Q(x) are positive function potentials. By applying reduction method, we prove that if x
0 is a non-degenerate critical point of Δ(P + Q) on some closed N − 1 dimensional hypersurface, then the system above has a single peak solution (vε
, wε
) concentrating at x
0 for ε small enough.
Role of MS1 homolog Ntms1 gene of tobacco infertility
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhao Tingting , Duan Lili , Mo Zejun , Tian Maozhu , Li Zhenhua , Liu Yang , Liu Renxiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The sterile line is the basis of crop heterosis utilization. To broaden the sources of male sterility in tobacco, the Ntms1 (Nicotiana tabacum L. ms1) gene was cloned from the tobacco variety K326 by homologous cloning based on the Cams1 (Capsicum annuum L. ms1) gene sequence of male-sterility genes in pepper. The protein structure and physicochemical properties of the two genes were determined by bioinformatics analysis, and the function of the Ntms1 gene was verified by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results showed that the sequences of Ntms1 and Cams1 were 85.25% similar, and plant homeodomains were found in both genes; the physical and chemical properties were also very similar. It is speculated that the Ntms1 gene had the same function as the Cams1 gene in controlling male sterility. Compared to the wild-type plants, the filaments of the Ntms1 knockout mutant plants were shorter, and the stamen was shorter than the pistil. The anthers did not develop fully and had few viable pollen grains; the tapetum and the anther wall had developed abnormally, and the anther chamber was severely squeezed. The malondialdehyde content in the mutant plants was significantly higher than that in the wild-type plants, while self-fertility was significantly lower in the mutant plants. The results showed that the Ntms1 gene plays an important role in regulating fertility in tobacco.
Evidence of alterations in the learning and memory in offspring of stress-induced male rats
Authors: Jyothi Ashok Kumar , Thotakura Balaji , Priyadarshini C Swathi , Subramanian Manickam , Rajila Hannah Sugirthabai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There is extensive data pointing to offspring outcomes related to maternal life incidents, but there is less research concerning the association between paternal life events and progeny brain development and behaviour. As male gametogenesis is a continuous process, the incidences happening in life can modify the epigenetic regulation, altering the offspring’s development and behaviour. The present study evaluates the effects of paternal stress during different life periods on their offspring’s learning ability, memory, morphological and biochemical changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the rat model.

Methods
Four weeks’ old male rats were subjected to five variable stressors at the rate of one per day. Stress received male rats were bred with naive female rats for 1 to 3 nights. The offspring’s learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze test and automated Y maze. Following behavioural studies, offspring were euthanized to examine global DNA methylation, neurotransmitter levels, namely acetylcholine, glutamate in the hippocampus and frontal cortex.

Results
The offspring of stress-induced animals exhibited a delay in acquiring learning and defect in memory and altered global DNA methylation in the hippocampus (p=0.000124). There was significant reduction of acetylcholine and glutamate levels in hippocampus (p=0.000018, p=0.00001, respectively) and in prefrontal cortex (p=0.00001, p=0.00001, respectively). HPA axis of offspring was altered considerably (p=0.00001). The histomorphometry of the prefrontal cortex and different hippocampal regions revealed a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in neuronal numbers in the offspring of stressed animals compared to that of control. These impacts were markedly high in the offspring of fathers who received stress during both pubertal and adult periods.

Conclusions
The findings of this study demonstrate that paternal stress can impact offspring learning and memory.
Second harmonic generation in glass-based metasurfaces using tailored surface lattice resonances
Authors: Das Gupta Tapajyoti , Martin-Monier Louis , Butet Jeremy , Yang Kuang-Yu , Leber Andreas , Dong Chaoqun , Nguyen-Dang Tung , Yan Wei , Martin Olivier J. F. , Sorin Fabien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces have shown prominent applications in nonlinear optics due to strong field enhancement and low dissipation losses at the nanoscale. Chalcogenide glasses are one of the promising materials for the observation of nonlinear effects thanks to their high intrinsic nonlinearities. Here, we demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, that significant second harmonic generation (SHG) can be obtained within amorphous Selenium (Se)-based chalcogenide metasurfaces by exploiting the coupling between lattice and particle resonances. We further show that the high-quality factor resonance at the origin of the SHG can be tuned over a wide wavelength range using a simple and versatile fabrication approach. The measured second harmonic intensity is orders of magnitude higher than that from a dewetted Se film consisting of random Se nanoparticles. The achieved conversion efficiency in the resonance region is of the order of 10−6 which is comparable with direct bandgap materials and at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional plasmonics- and Si-based structures. Fabricated via a simple and scalable technique, these all-dielectric architectures are ideal candidates for the design of flat nonlinear optical components on flexible substrates.
The virtual and the real. Digital culture and the body in the study of handwriting
Authors: Clayton Ewan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Since Traube (1861-1907) paleography has been concerned primarily with methods for transcribing, dating and placing texts. This paper responds to two changes in perspective that have occurred within western culture over the last century: the arrival of a digital world which saw the transformation of computers from calculating devices into new tools for writing and reading and a cultural shift away from a Cartesian perspective that distinguishes between body and mind and privileges self aware rationality over felt experience. For the purposes of this paper the link between these trends is that both throw new emphasis on writing as an activity rather than a product. This paper looks at how insights from the digital, and body-based disciplines of document creation might then interact with the paleographical and each other. The influences all run both ways, the paleographical can effect the digital as much an understanding of the digital can bring new ways of seeing to the paleographical.
Moving From Me to We: Interpersonal Coordination’s Effects on Self-Construal
Authors: Cross Liam , Whiteman Liam , Ward Sarah , Atherton Gray 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe all move in time together throughout our lives, and doing so has been shown to lead to more pro-social attitudes and behaviors towards co-actors. However, little research has investigated how coordinated movement affects how individuals feel about themselves. This mixed-methods study took self-generated qualitative responses of how participants construed their own identities after either coordinated movement or a carefully matched control task. Responses were analysed qualitatively using thematic analyses, and quantitatively using content analysis. Four themes were identified from thematic analysis, and inferential statistical testing showed significant differences in how participants construed their identities post coordination (cf. control). Participants in the coordinated condition generated a higher proportion of interdependent (social) rather than independent (personal) self-construals, driven by differences in broad social structures/constructs rather than close specific social relations. Furthermore, participants in the coordinated condition reported less mental state items, and more sexual/romantic items. These findings may explain how and why coordinated movement leads to prosociality amongst those who take part, by leading individuals to think of themselves and each other in group terms.
Első szoftverhasználatot segítő megoldások hatékonyságának vizsgálata szemmozgáskövetéssel
Authors: Megyeri Mária , Szabó Bálint 
Published: August 2021

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA
A tanulmány az első szoftverhasználat (user onboarding) fogalmát és folyamatát ismerteti szakirodalmi megalapozottsággal, valamint két különböző onboarding megoldás hatékonyságát vizsgálja empirikus úton a Paint 3D program példáján keresztül.
ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN
A kutatás 18 fő bevonásával (3 csoportban) került lefolytatásra szemmozgás-követéssel támogatott használhatósági vizsgálat keretein belül. A vizsgálat során mért mutatók (hibák darabszáma, hibák súlyozott gyakorisága, feladatvégrehajtási idő) lehetővé tették a feladatmegoldások számszerűsítését így a különböző onboarding módszerek összehasonlíthatóvá váltak a két csoportban a statisztika eszközeivel is a referenciacsoporthoz képest. Emellett felhasználói vélemények is feltárásra kerültek az alkalmazott onboarding megoldásokkal kapcsolatban egy a használhatósági vizsgálatot követő interjúsorozat keretein belül.
LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK
A hipotézisvizsgálatok eredményei alátámasztották, hogy az onboarding módszerek hatékonynak bizonyulnak több mutató mentén is, így érdemes ezeket a megoldásokat alkalmazni szoftvertermékek esetében, többek között a felhasználói élmény növelése és a könnyebb tanulhatóság érdekében. A használhatósági vizsgálatok során használt onboarding megoldások hatására tudatosabb feladatmegoldások születtek, amely vizuálisan is igazolható volt a szemmozgáskövetés módszerének alkalmazása segítségével. Az interjúsorozat keretein belül feltárt felhasználói vélemények pedig rávilágítottak arra, hogy a vizsgált onboarding megoldások nagyban segítették a feladatmegoldást, miközben az általános megítélésük is pozitív. A szoftveres onboarding fogalmának és a folyamatának a bemutatása, valamint a különböző onboarding megoldások hatékonyságának az empirikus vizsgálata még feltérképezetlen terület a szakirodalmakban, így a témakör vizsgálata tudományosan is újszerű.
GYAKORLATI JAVASLATOK
A megfelelő onboarding kialakítással érdemes foglalkozni a szoftverpiac szereplőinek az értékesíteni kívánt termékeik kapcsán, hiszen azok segíteni tudják az új felhasználókat a termékben rejlő érték növelésében, így azok hozzájárulhatnak a sikeres termékhasználat elsajátításához.

Köszönetnyilvánítás: A kutatás és ez a tanulmány az Új Nemzeti Kiválóság Program keretein belül az Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma támogatásával készült.
Investigation of Post Annealed Titanium Nitride Thin Films Deposited with Magneto-Sputtering
Authors: Lathia Rutvik , Chauhan Kamlesh V. , Dobariya Kevin , Patel Ankit , Parmar Vishal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Structural and wettability properties of titanium nitride (TiN) thin films for different annealing temperatures have been characterized, and critical parameters have been identified. TiN thin films were deposited onto the silicon substrates by using the magneto-sputtering technique for two different powers, 150 W and 350 W. Subsequently, the films were annealed in the air at 573–973 K for the duration of 1 h. The X-ray diffraction spectra showed the appearance of titanium dioxide (TiO2) above 773 K temperature (termed as transformation temperature). The relative intensity of the TiO2 peaks rapidly increase with the temperature. The thin and dense oxide overlayer appeared at 773 K, and the thicker oxide layer was observed at 973 K. Surface roughness is observed to increase with the increase in annealing temperature but with the limiting value at 773 K; after that, the roughness decreases because of the stable formation of TiO2. Similarly, with an increase in temperature, the hydrophobic nature of thin films becomes more significant; however at 973 K, the formation of TiO2 declines the hydrophobic nature, and thus the surface energy increases. Transformation temperature is also found to be responsible for the reduction in grain size and compressive strain of the thin film.
Hospital Quality of Care and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Unexpected Newborn Complications
Authors: Glazer Kimberly B. , Zeitlin Jennifer , Egorova Natalia N. , Janevic Teresa , Balbierz Amy , Hebert Paul L. , Howell Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES
To investigate racial and ethnic differences in unexpected, term newborn morbidity and the influence of hospital quality on disparities.

METHODS
We used 2010–2014 birth certificate and discharge abstract data from 40 New York City hospitals in a retrospective cohort study of 483 834 low-risk (term, singleton, birth weight ≥2500 g, without preexisting fetal conditions) neonates. We classified morbidity according to The Joint Commission’s unexpected newborn complications metric and used multivariable logistic regression to compare morbidity risk among racial and ethnic groups. We generated risk-standardized complication rates for each hospital using mixed-effects logistic regression to evaluate quality, ranked hospitals on this measure, and assessed differences in the racial and ethnic distribution of births across facilities.

RESULTS
The unexpected complications rate was 48.0 per 1000 births. Adjusted for patient characteristics, morbidity risk was higher among Black and Hispanic infants compared with white infants (odds ratio: 1.5 [95% confidence interval 1.3–1.9]; odds ratio: 1.2 [95% confidence interval 1.1–1.4], respectively). Among the 40 hospitals, risk-standardized complications ranged from 25.3 to 162.8 per 1000 births. One-third of Black and Hispanic women gave birth in hospitals ranking in the highest-morbidity tertile, compared with 10% of white and Asian American women (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Black and Hispanic women were more likely to deliver in hospitals with high complication rates than were white or Asian American women. Findings implicate hospital quality in contributing to preventable newborn health disparities among low-risk, term births. Quality improvement targeting routine obstetric and neonatal care is critical for equity in perinatal outcomes.
A Unified Version of Weighted Weak Type Inequality for Martingale Maximal Operators
Authors: Ren Yanbo , Ma Congbian 
Published: August 2021

Let ɣ and Φ1 be nondecreasing and nonnegative functions defined on [0, ∞), and Φ2 is an N -function, u, v and w are weights. A unified version of weighted weak type inequality of the formfor martingale maximal operators f ∗ is considered, some necessary and su@cient conditions for it to hold are shown. In addition, we give a complete characterization of three-weight weak type maximal inequality of martingales. Our results generalize some known results on weighted theory of martingale maximal operators.