bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wiener Verbindungen der Prager Presse im ersten Jahr ihres Bestehens (1921). Prolegomena zu weiteren möglichen Forschungen
Authors: Topor Michal 
Published: January 2021

Die Tageszeitung Prager Presse erschien ab dem 27. März 1921 im Verlag der Aktiengesellschaft Orbis und unterstand damit den Meinungen und Entscheidungen von deren Verwaltungsrat, insbesondere dem Wort Jan Hájeks, Leiter der Nachrichtenabteilung im Außenministerium Edvard Benešs. Das Mitarbeiternetz des neuen Blattes erstreckte sich bald auch auf ein größeres deutschsprachiges Gebiet außerhalb der Tschechoslowakei, so u. a. auf Wien. Viele der redaktionellen Kontakte hatten ihren ganz persönlichen Ausgangspunkt in der Tätigkeit der zwei wichtigsten Redakteure, Otto Pick und Chefredakteur Arne Laurin, vor und während des I. Weltkriegs – beide hatten die letzten Monate der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie in dem legendären Kriegspressequartier verbracht. Der vorliegende Artikel skizziert die biografische und topologische Dimension dieser Verbindungen. D. h. zum einen eine Dimension, die auf der unterschiedlichen, zeitlich wandelbaren Wiener Verankerung bzw. Herkunft der Mitarbeiter beruht, zum anderen eine Dimension, welche die Berichterstattung über das Wiener Geschehen betrifft. Anhang der Studie ist ein Text Walther Rodes sowie ein ergänzender bibliografischer Überblick über die Beiträge von Wiener Autoren, die innerhalb einiger Monate des Jahres 1921 in der Prager Presse erschienen sind.
« Nous et vous au cœur de l’Europe » : la relation austro-tchécoslovaque durant les années 1960 vue de Prague
Authors: Leclerc Hélène 
Published: January 2021

En 1958, la maison d’édition pragoise Orbis, qui dépendait alors du ministère tchécoslovaque de l’Information et de la Culture, lançait une revue en langue allemande destinée à l’exportation et s’adressant en priorité au public de République fédérale d’Allemagne : Im Herzen Europas. Trois ans plus tard en parut la déclinaison autrichienne, intitulée Wir und Sie im Herzen Europas. La cheville ouvrière de ces deux revues était la journaliste et écrivain tchèque de langue allemande Lenka Reinerová (1916-2008). Cet article est consacré à la version autrichienne qui parut de 1961 à 1971. À la lumière de cette revue est étudiée la relation austro-tchécoslovaque à une époque où s’amorce une détente des relations bilatérales favorisée par le contexte international. Wir und Sie im Herzen Europas était conçue comme un instrument de diplomatie culturelle. Marquée par l’esprit réformiste qui tente de mettre en place un « socialisme à visage humain » en Tchécoslovaquie, la revue subit les conséquences de la répression du Printemps de Prague.
Négocier l’épuration et la réintégration des fonctionnaires en Autriche : des échelles de gouvernement en concurrence (1947-1949)
Authors: de Margerie Agathe 
Published: January 2021

Cet article s’efforce d’analyser le jeu d’interaction des acteurs politiques et administratifs, à différentes échelles, dans la réception et l’application des mesures de dénazification appliquées aux fonctionnaires en Autriche entre 1947 et 1949. Il se concentre sur une catégorie particulière : les Minderbelastete, c’est-à-dire la très grande majorité des personnes concernées par la dénazification, qui n’avaient peu ou pas exercé de responsabilités au sein du parti nazi. De la seconde loi de dénazification, définissant les Minderbelastete, aux suites directes de la suspension des sanctions qui leur étaient infligées, il analyse à la fois l’épuration et la réintégration dans la fonction publique. Entre le Conseil Allié, la chancellerie, le gouvernement des Länder et les autorités locales se dessine un phénomène de négociation, touchant aussi bien la catégorisation que les sanctions à appliquer, et qui permet de mettre en lumière la difficulté de mettre en œuvre un processus d’épuration d’une aussi grande ampleur.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Controls CD155 Expression on Macrophages and Mediates Tumor Immunosuppression
Authors: McKay Zachary P. , Brown Michael C. , Gromeier Matthias 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Crosstalk between costimulatory and coinhibitory ligands are a prominent node of immune cell regulation. Mounting evidence points toward a critical role for CD155, the poliovirus receptor, in suppressing T cell function, particularly in cancer. However, relative to other known costimulatory/coinhibitory ligands (e.g., CD86, CD80, PD-L1), the physiological functions of CD155 and the mechanisms controlling its expression remain unclear. We discovered that CD155 expression is coregulated with PD-L1 on tumor-associated macrophages, is transcriptionally regulated by persistently active aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and can be targeted for suppression via AhR inhibition in vivo. Therapeutic inhibition of AhR reversed tumor immunosuppression in an immune competent murine tumor model, and markers of AhR activity were highly correlated with tumor-associated macrophage markers in human glioblastomas. Thus, CD155 functions within a broader, AhR-controlled macrophage activation phenotype that can be targeted to reverse tumor immunosuppression.
Semaphorin 3E Protects against Chlamydial Infection by Modulating Dendritic Cell Functions
Authors: Thomas Rony , Wang Shuhe , Shekhar Sudhanshu , Peng Ying , Qiao Sai , Zhang Chunyan , Shan Lianyu , Movassagh Hesam , Gounni Abdelilah S. , Yang Jie , Yang Xi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recent studies have identified semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) as a novel mediator of immune responses. However, its function in immunity to infection has yet to be investigated. Using a mouse model of chlamydial lung infection, we show that Sema3E plays a significant role in the host immune response to the infection. We found that Sema3E is induced in the lung after chlamydial infection, and Sema3E deficiency has a detrimental impact on disease course, dendritic cell (DC) function, and T cell responses. Specifically, we found that Sema3E knockout (KO) mice exhibited higher bacterial burden, severe body weight loss, and pathological changes after Chlamydia muridarum lung infection compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The severity of disease in Sema3E KO mice was correlated with reduced Th1/Th17 cytokine responses, increased Th2 response, altered Ab response, and a higher number of regulatory CD4 T cells. Moreover, DCs isolated from Sema3E KO mice showed lower surface expression of costimulatory molecules and production of IL-12, but higher expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and IL-10 production. Functional DC–T cell coculture studies revealed that DCs from infected Sema3E KO mice failed to induce Th1 and Th17 cell responses compared with DCs from infected WT mice. Upon adoptive transfer, mice receiving DCs from Sema3E KO mice, unlike those receiving DCs from WT mice, were not protected against challenge infection. In conclusion, our data evidenced that Sema3E acts as a critical factor for protective immunity against intracellular bacterial infection by modulating DC functions and T cell subsets.
Correlation between Stable Hyperglycemia and Mortality in Children Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Imam Hossein Hospital
Authors: Reisi Mohsen , Keivanfar Majid , Mostofizadeh Neda , Madihi Yahya , Esmaeilian Yousof , Hashemi Elham 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Stress-induced hyperglycemia is an important issue among pediatrics admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Former studies have declared that hyperglycemia has a high prevalence rate and could increase the risks of mortality among pediatrics. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of hyperglycemia and its effects on mortality among pediatrics in the PICU of the hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed in 2018–2019 on 88 patients admitted in PICU. Data regarding blood sugar (BS) and other clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. Hyperglycemia was accounted for as BS of >126 mg/dl. Hyperglycemia was divided into: mild (126 <BS <150), moderate (150 <BS <200) and severe (BS >200). The pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score was also calculated for each patient during the first 24 h.

Results:
Thirty patients (34.1%) had persistent hyperglycemia and 58 patients (65.9%) had normal glycemic indexes. Eleven patients (12.5%) had mild, 9 patients (10.2%) had moderate, and 10 patients (11.4%) had severe hyperglycemia. The prevalence of mortality was 5.7% among hyperglycemic patients and 6.8% among normal glycemic pediatrics. There were no statistically significant differences regarding mortality rate (P = 0.499). The mean PRISM score for normal glycemic patients was 7.03 ± 5.18 and for patients with hyperglycemia was 7.36 ± 6.37.

Conclusion:
Hyperglycemia has no significant effects on mortality and PRISM score of pediatrics in PICU, despite of the previous studies. The frequency of hyperglycemia was also 5.7% among the patients admitted in PICU.
The Circulating Midkine in the Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease
Authors: Emami Mohammad Hassan , Soltani Shima , Eskandari Nahid , Masjedi Mohsen 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic inflammatory small intestine disorder caused by an abnormal immune response to an array of the epitopes of the wheat gluten and related proteins of rye and barley in genetically susceptible individuals. Midkine (MK) is an angiogenic cytokine, chemotactic in the direction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages, and a T-regulatory cell suppressor. So far, a possible relationship with CeD has not yet been explored. Diagnosis of CeD is based on serologic test in a clinical setting suggestive of CeD and confirmatory histologic examination of the duodenal biopsy. Sometimes, genetic testing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 may be needed. The objective of this study was to measure and compare the circulating MK in the celiac patients and healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty newly untreated CeD cases and 20 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the circulating MK in the celiac patients and controls.

Results:
There was insignificant difference in the circulating MK between the patients and controls (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The study results suggest that the MK marker does not have any diagnostic value in CeD activity to be used at the time of diagnosis or during follow-ups.
Do Spino-pelvic Parameters Play a Role in Development of Chronic Low Backache
Authors: Singh Roop , Yadav Sushil K. , Yadav Rohtas K. , Wadhwani Jitendra , Rohilla Rajesh K. , Rohilla Ravi 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
The sagittal spino-pelvic alignment patterns are still poorly understood in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Clinical observations suggest that aberrations of posture may play a role in the development of LBP. This study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate spino-pelvic parameters in patients with LBP and with a hypothesis that variation in these may predispose to LBP.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty patients (26 men and 24 women) with mean age 33.54 ± 8.33 years with a history of LBP of minimum 3 consecutive months constituted the study group and were subjected to standing sagittal spino-pelvic radiographs. Data were analyzed and compared with normative data.

Results:
The mean values of pelvic incidence (PI) and lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) were 48.52 ± 8.99 and 58.78 ± 9.51, respectively. The correlation of PI with lumbosacral angle (LSA), age, body mass index (BMI), and gender was not significant, but a significant correlation was observed with LLA, pelvic angle (PA), pelvic overhang (PO), pelvic tilt (PT), sacrofemoral distance (SFD), sacral horizontal angle (SHA), and sacropelvic translation (SPT). Sacral inclination angle (SIA), SHA, and PI were found to be significantly positively correlated with LLA, whereas pelvisacral angle (PSA), sacropelvic angle (PRS1), and SPT were found to be significantly negatively correlated. Statistically significant difference was observed only regarding pelvic thickness (PTH) and pelvic radius (PR) between patients with chronic LBP and healthy population.

Conclusion:
Most significant parameters (PI and LLA) used in spino-pelvic balance assessment have a positive significant correlation with majority of the other parameters and the harmony between them help in maintaining normal spinal column stability and alignment. Variation in some of the spino-pelvic parameters (PTH and PR) may predispose to LBP by putting stresses on the spinal column components and stabilizers.
Correlation between Corneal Topographic Patterns and Refractive Status of the Eye in An Adult Iranian Population
Authors: Alipour Fateme , Bazvand Fateme , Jafari Fateme , Abdi Parisa , Samet Behnaz , Kabir Ali , Poustchi Hosein 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the corneal topographic patterns in an adult Iranian population and investigate its correlation with the refractive status of the eye.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study named “Tehran Study,” 1023 samples were selected by the cluster sampling method from the downtown area of Tehran. Eight hundred and forty-nine adults aged over 15 years participated. All selected participants were refracted and underwent topography imaging.

Results:
The patients' ages ranged from 15 to 91 years with a mean of 40.33 ± 16 years. The most frequent topographic patterns were symmetric bowtie (SB) (34%), SB with inferior steepening (SB-IS) (14.1%), and round (10.5%). The orders changed in categorization by refractive status: The most frequent pattern in all subgroups (emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia) was SB with frequencies 32.7%, 35.8%, and 22.5%, respectively. Although the second order was asymmetric bowtie (AB) with AB-IS in the emmetropic and myopic subgroups, in the hyperopic subgroup, round pattern had the second place. The third place was different in all groups. The rarest patterns in the whole were SB with skewed radial axis (SRAX) and AB with SRAX. The first prevalent topographic pattern was SB in all age groups and in both genders. The prevalence of round pattern, irregular pattern, and SRAX significantly increased in older ages, and the prevalence of SB decreased in older ages. The first observed prevalent pattern was SB in both sexes, but the second most prevalent pattern was AB-IS and round in females and males, respectively.

Conclusions:
Corneal topographic pattern might be related to the refractive status of the eye. The information about normal topographic patterns provides a reference for comparison with diseased corneas.
Clinical Findings in Four Siblings with Genetically Proven Oguchi Disease
Authors: Ilhan Cagri , Citirik Mehmet , Teke Mehmet Yasin , Dulger Selda Celik 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To assess the clinical findings in normal daylight status and 3 h of dark-adapted status in family members with Oguchi disease (OD).

Methods:
Four siblings with OD and their parents were included in this case series. The presence of disease was confirmed with genetic analysis and comprehensive clinical evaluation. Corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), automated visual field analysis (VFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), colored fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), electroretinography (ERG), and dark adaptation test (DAT) results were obtained in normal daylight status. On the next day, after 3 h of dark adaptation, the patients were re-evaluated. The findings obtained in normal daylight status and 3 h dark-adapted status were compared.

Results:
The mean age of the four sibling subjects was 15.25 ± 2.2 years. All subjects had 20/20 CDVA and normal VFA. There was no abnormality in OCT and OCTA in normal daylight status and 3 h of dark-adapted status. Colored fundus photographs showed characteristic golden-yellow colored reflex in the mid-peripheral retina in normal daylight status, and discoloration in 3 h of dark-adapted status. In FAF and FFA, no abnormal pattern was observed in normal daylight status and 3 h of dark-adapted status. ERG showed rod function alterations and normal cone function. DAT showed delayed rod adaptation and normal cone adaptation. ERG and DAT findings remained unchanged after 3 h of dark adaptation.

Conclusion:
After 3 h of dark adaptation, golden-yellow fundus color returns to normal in patients with OD; however, rod function alterations and normal cone function in ERG, as well as delayed rod adaptation and normal cone adaptation in DAT remain unchanged.
Recurrent Periorbital Cellulitis Secondary to Cyclic Neutropenia
Authors: Raad Nasim , Bagheri Abbas , Eskandari Yousef , Tavakoli Mehdi 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To present a 1-year-old boy with cyclic neutropenia who presented with multiple episodes of periorbital cellulitis (POC).

Methods:
The child presented with three episodes of POC. In the second episode, the cellulitis was associated with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and in the third episode, a pansinusitis was noted. He underwent a thorough systemic evaluation.

Results:
Patient's evaluation revealed the diagnosis of cyclic neutropenia.

Conclusion:
This report emphasizes the possibility of an underlying immunodeficiency with recurrent POC, even in an apparently healthy child.
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Is a Curable Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Papasavvas Ioannis , Tugal-Tutkun Ilknur , Herbort Carl P. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
It is crucial to subdivide Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease into two subentities, initial-onset disease versus chronically evolving disease. For early diagnosis and precise follow-up of VKH choroiditis, the “Revised criteria for VKH” are no more sufficient for the appraisal of VKH and new biomarkers for disease activity are needed. It has been shown that, if initial-onset disease is treated promptly within the “therapeutic window of opportunity” and long enough with dual steroidal and non-steroidal immunosuppression, the disease can be cured in a large proportion of cases, an approach still contested. The proportion of chronic evolution and/or sunset-glow fundus (SGF) following steroidal monotherapy versus dual steroidal and non-steroidal immunosuppression was compared.

Methods:
A literature search was performed, identifying studies on initial-onset VKH treated either by steroidal monotherapy or dual immunosuppression. Evolution toward chronicity and/or SGF was compared in both groups.

Results:
Twenty studies were identified with reported long-term outcomes. In 16 studies, 802 patients received steroidal monotherapy, while in 4 studies, 172 patients received dual steroidal and non-steroidal immunosuppression. Chronic evolution and SGF occurred, respectively, in 44% and 59% in the corticosteroid-alone group versus 2.3% and 17.5% in the dual therapy group with no chronic evolution in three studies and no SGF in two studies.

Conclusions:
Chronic evolution and SGF are significantly less frequent in initial-onset VKH when treated with immediate dual steroidal and non-steroidal immunosuppression with a high proportion of healed cases. This combined approach seems recommended in the management of initial-onset VKH disease.
Psychometric Assessment of the Persian Version of the Revised Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey in Young Adults with Convergence Insufficiency
Authors: Nabovati Payam , Kamali Mohammad , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Mirzajani Ali , Jafarzadehpur Ebrahim 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To translate the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) to Persian and to assess its validity and reliability in a group of young adult Iranian patients with convergence insufficiency (CI).

Methods:
The questionnaire was translated in backward and forward phases. Face validity was measured using a 6-point scale (very weak, weak, moderate, good, very good, best), and a score of =4 for each item indicated an acceptable face validity. The content validity was assessed using three indices of relevancy, clarity, and comprehensiveness. Relevancy and clarity were checked for each item and for the whole scale using a 4-point scale (1-undesirable, 2-relatively desirable, 3-desirable, 4-completely desirable), and Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI) were calculated for the above indices. Comprehensiveness was measured at the scale level using a 4-point scale (1-incomprehensive, 2-relatively comprehensive, 3-comprehensive, 4-totally comprehensive), and S-CVI was calculated. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. To evaluate discriminant validity, CI was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe stages, and the mean overall CISS score was compared between these groups.

Results:
Thirty CI patients aged 18–34 years participated in this study. On face validity assessment, all items finally had a score of ≥4. As for relevancy and clarity, I-CVI was above 80% for all items, and S-CVI was 98.8% and 96.6%, respectively. The S-CVI was 100% for comprehensiveness. The overall Cronbach's coefficient and ICC were 0.77 and 0.95, respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall score between the three severity groups.

Conclusion:
The Persian CISS is a valid and reliable tool for clinical and research applications.
An Ophthalmic Insight Into Novel Coronavirus 2019 Disease
Authors: Badawi Amani E , Elsheikh Sara S , Addeen Sarah Zaher , Soliman Mostafa A , Abd-Rabu Rami , Abdella Walid Shaban , Gad Elham A 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To discuss the ocular manifestations provoked by novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease in humans, the natural history of the disease in the eye, and its treatment.

Methods:
We designed a narrative review of the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 based on the literature published till July 30, 2020. The databases were PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria were (1) all types of clinical studies and (2) the topic was COVID-19 and its association to the eye regarding the current guidelines.

Results:
From 168 abstracts screened, 61 papers fully filled the inclusion criteria after the full-text screening. The 61 records include 13 case reports, 17 prospective (case series or cross-sectional) studies, 8 retrospective studies, 12 literature reviews (one systematic review), and 11 letters to the editor. The majority of the papers agreed that ophthalmic manifestations due to COVID-19 were few and rarely encountered. The main ocular pathology seemed to be conjunctivitis, where the viral polymerase chain reaction also happened to be most detectable. Posterior segment or neuro-ophthalmic manifestations were scarce. Viral genome detection in the eye as well as viral portal of entry to the globe is still vague.

Conclusion:
The exact incidence of ocular manifestations in COVID-19 disease is uncertain. Conjunctivitis is the most prevalent ocular manifestation. It is still a debate whether the eye is a portal of entry for infection.