bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A contemporary completion attempts in traditional texture
Authors: Bombar Cansu Saçan , Birol Hümeyra , Özkaban Feyzal Avcı 
Published: May 2021

Traditional settlements are formed by the mutual interaction of the culture, technology and the geographical inputs of the physical environment, which transform over time and mature with the intertwining and overlapping of different cultural productions in processes spanning centuries. These inputs, which are described as tangible and intangible data, create the architectural characteristics of the settlements by shaping the architectural structures and the way in which these structures are associated with each other and the characteristics of that place. Today, two types of intervention needs come to the forefront, namely maintenance–repair and new construction activities in existing gaps, in traditional tissues that are faced with conservation problems due to the globalising life culture, current needs of modern life and accelerated technological development. The interventions to be carried out in this direction carry various risks and possibilities in terms of preserving and maintaining the architectural identity of traditional settlements. Based on the above query, this study focuses on a design experiment in Birgi settlement, which stands out as an important cultural tourism destination besides its traditional and rural characteristics. The study, carried out within the scope of DEU’s Department of Architecture Department Restoration Master’s Programme, 2018–2019 Spring Semester ARC5144 Restoration Project and Environmental Analysis course, conveys an experience on the completion of a local housing structure that has lost its building integrity with a modern approach, while at the same time, continuing, integrating with the architectural characteristics of the settlement, using today’s technological possibilities, opens the question of belonging to the present.
Keywords: Traditional architecture, contemporary completion, sustainability.
Disidentification in modern architecture products: Edirne government mansion
Authors: Bahtiyar Tuba Bülbül , Yaldiz Esra 
Published: May 2021

Urban identity, architectural, cultural, economic, political, psychological, emotional, social and so on, contains many concepts. They are all values that differentiate the city from others and add meaning to the city. The buildings that contribute to the unique identity of the cities and have architectural features related to the period in which they were built play an important role in ensuring the cultural continuity of the city and carry the identity of the cities to the next generations. 20th-century modern architecture products, which started with the products of early Modernism in the early 1900s and were produced until the end of the 1980s in Turkey, make a great contribution to the formation of urban memory and the perception of the original identity of the city, as they bear the traces of a certain period. In this context, Edirne Government House, which was produced by a competition in 1964 as one of the representatives of Modern Architecture products, was considered within the scope of the study. The façade renovation that the building has recently undergone, which caused the loss of its original facade character in the historical city centre, has been evaluated according to international legislation. Interventions in the form of changing the original characteristics of an existing building cause the deterioration of urban identity and create problems in the correct perception of the city by negatively affecting the quality of urban life.
Keywords: Edirne Government House, urban identity, de-identification, modern architecture.
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OFCICONIA BOYCIANA(AVES: CICONIIDAE) TRACKS IN HOMOGENEOUS SEDIMENT
Authors: TANAKA IKUKO 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe morphological variability of Ciconia boyciana (oriental white stork) tracks is documented in an actualistic ichnological experiment using wet potter's clay. Measurements were obtained from 54 tracks left by two individuals comprising area, length, width, depth, volume, and rotation for each track. The trackmakers were also filmed while walking. An anatomical feature unique to C. boyciana is that, unlike other wading birds, it does not leave metatarsophalangeal pad impressions. This feature can be used to distinguish C. boyciana tracks from those left by other birds of similar body weight and habitat. Track width varied by up to 30%, with wider tracks showing more splayed digits occurring in trackways with shorter stride length and larger trackway width. Conversely, narrow trackways with a large stride length were composed of tracks with a smaller digit divarication. Coefficient analysis of track geometry revealed that the widths and depths of tracks vary inversely to maintain a consistent volume. Sorting the C. boyciana tracks into morphological types (14 types for avians with four digits) demonstrates the result that most tracks are deeper between digits III and IV than between digits II and III. Combining track data with video footage shows that C. boyciana moves its hips from side to side while walking. Noting that the tracks within any given trackway are outwardly rotated, we interpret this track morphology as resulting from laterally directed pressure exerted primarily through digit IV.
Prevalence and Risk factors of Infertility in a Mongolian Population
Authors: Negdel Tuvshinbayar , Ulziisaikhan Khishigjargal , Sengebaljir Davaakhuu , Enkhbat Arigbukh , Munkhbayar Badrakh , Bilegsuren Khantushig , Ganbold Ariunaa , Nanjid Khuderchuluun , Readhead Carol W. , Erkhembaatar Lkhagva-Ochir , Tuduvdorj Ekhembaatar , Malchinkhuu Munkhzol , Enkhtaivan Odkhuu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, the median prevalence of infertility is 9%, but rates in different countries vary from 3.5% to 16.7%. Infertility, which is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the failure to conceive after 12 months of unprotected regular sexual intercourse, is reproductive health problems carries a social stigma and can greatly impact a couple’s self-esteem and wellbeing. There are a number of risk factors associated with infertility such as: culture, socio-economic factors, age and health care including treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. We have achieved the first population-based study on the prevalence of infertility in reproductive aged women in Mongolia, and the factors that influence it.Method: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in 4 regions (Khangai, Eastern, Western, Central) of Mongolia and the capital city Ulaanbaatar. Our questionnaire consisted of categories that influenced infertility such as: socio-economic status, lifestyle factors, health, reproductive history, present status and sexual function. Trained staff conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants.Results: A total of 1,920 couples residing in 4 regions of Mongolia and the capital city, Ulaanbaatar were studied. The median prevalence rate of infertility was 7.2%, which is similar to the worldwide infertility rate of 9%. Primary and secondary infertility was 2.4% and 4.8% respectively. Our study showed that the most important risk factors for infertility were age, rural living, low levels of education, obesity and diseases of the female reproductive system. Only 14.8% of infertile patients received hormone therapy, and even fewer infertile patients (0.8%) received in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of infertility is comparable to global rates among other developing countries. Our study shows that significant risk factors for infertility were: age, living in rural communities, having a low level of education, obesity and diseases of the female reproductive system. Occupational conditions, and monthly household income were not significant risk factors for infertility. Since this is the first population-based study in Mongolia we were not able to measure trends in infertility prevalence but intend to do so in the future.
Liquid Hydrocarbons Production by the Steam Gasification of Used Tires: Energy Characteristics and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Larionov Kirill B , Slyusarskiy Konstantin Vitalyevich , Kirgina Maria V , Gvozdyakov Dmitriy V , Bogdanov Ilya A , Zenkov Andrey V , Yankovsky Stanislav A , Gubin Vladimir E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The technical characteristics of liquid hydrocarbons obtained by steam gasification of the recycled automobile tires were studied as well as the features of their combustion process. Steam gasification of grinded tires was carried out in a tubular reactor using superheated steam with 500°C temperature and 5 kg/h mass flow rate. The obtained characteristics were compared with a traditional liquid fuel oil. The technical characteristics were determined via the standard analytical methods. An ignition and a combustion of liquid hydrocarbon samples were carried out in the combustion chamber at different temperatures of heating medium Tg = 450–700°C. Gas-phase combustion products were analyzed using a flow-through gas analyzer. It was found that liquid hydrocarbons were characterized by a low pour point (-43°C – (-52) °C) and comparable to calorific value of traditional fuel oil (40.56–43.3 MJ/kg). In addition, the studied samples of liquid hydrocarbons were characterized by a lower ignition delay time (by 56 %, on average) and flame burning time (by 30 %, on average). Combustion process of the studied samples (including traditional fuel oil) was accompanied by the formation of micro-explosions.
Establishment and validation of a prognostic risk classification for patients with stage T1-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yangyu , Zheng Yan , Liang Shen-Hua , Wu Lei-Lei , Liu Xuan , Xing Wen-Qun , Ma GuoWei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: No existing methods can accurately predict postoperative prognosis in patients with stage T1-3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We explored the postoperative prognosis of such patients using a new prognostic risk classification system (Esorisk). Methods: Patients with stage T1-3N0M0 ESCC from two cancer centers—Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (training cohort: N=819) and Henan Cancer Hospital (external validation cohort: N=177)—who underwent esophagectomy between 1995 and 2015 were included. We integrated significant risk factors for death events into multivariable logistic regression models and applied them to the training cohort to build Esorisk. The parsimonious aggregate Esorisk score was calculated for each patient; the training set was divided into three prognostic risk classes according to the 33rd and 66th Esorisk score percentiles. Esorisk’s association with cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results: The Esorisk model was: [10 + 0.023 × age + 0.517 × drinking history – 0.012 × hemoglobin – 0.042 × albumin – 0.032 × lymph nodes removed]. Patients were grouped into three classes—Class A (5.14-7.26, low risk), Class B (7.27-7.70, middle risk), and Class C (7.71-9.29, high risk). In the training group, the 5-year CSS decreased across categories (A: 63%, B: 52%, C: 30%; log-rank P<0.001). Similar findings were observed in the validation group (A: 81%, B: 69%, C: 48%; log-rank P<0.001). Esorisk stratified the CSS in patients from two cohorts with stage pT1 (P=0.0029), pT2 (P<0.001), or pT3 (P<0.001) disease. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that the Esorisk aggregate score remained significantly associated with CSS in the training cohort (P<0.001) and validation cohort (P=0.001) after adjusting for pT stage and tumor differentiation. Conclusion: We established and validated a novel prognostic risk classification that can predict the CSS for patients with T1-3N0M0 ESCC. This may help clinicians identify patient subgroups with poor prognosis.
Spontaneous Caesarean scar associated with ectopic tubal twin pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wu Fang , Gong Mi , Gao Yingchun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTwin ectopic pregnancy is a rare disease. Herein we report a rare case of spontaneous caesarean scar pregnancy co-existing with tubal pregnancy, and review the relevant literature with respect to treatments.Case presentationA 36-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with complaints of 48 days of menopause and 20 days of vaginal bleeding. Physical examinations and medically assisted examinations suggested the existence of spontaneous caesarean scar pregnancy co-existing with tubal pregnancy. The patient underwent laparoscopic left retrograde salpingectomy and excision of the caesarean scar pregnancy. The patient recovered well during outpatient follow-ups.ConclusionsDue to the rarity and particularity of spontaneous caesarean scar associated with ectopic tubal twin pregnancy, accurate diagnosis preoperatively seems particularly difficult. During this report, the possibility of twin ectopic pregnancy should be borne in mind in order to avoid missed diagnosis when meeting women of gestational age who have menopause.
Psychological Distress of Testing Positive for Human Papillomavirus at Routine Prenatal Visits: A Prospective Observational Study among Chinese Pregnant Women with Normal Cytology
Authors: Hu Yifan , Gu Liyin , Hong Zubei , Yu Hong , Zhang Yu , Lin Jianhua , Qiu Lihua , Di Wen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background To explore the psychological impact of the positive HPV result on pregnant women with normal cytology. Methods The psychological distress level of HPV-positive women was compared with those of HPV-negative women before the results were notified. After the notification, the distress level of women in the HPV-positive group was assessed for the 2nd time and 3rd time before colposcopy and 2 weeks post-colposcopy. The lifestyle characteristics, knowledge of cervical cancer and screening behavior were compared between groups. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between socio-demographic, lifestyle, knowledge and risk of elevated distress level. Results No statistical difference of the distress level (as measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7) was found between HPV-positive and -negative women. Within HPV-positive group, low distress level remained through all three time-points, regardless of HPV subtypes or colposcopy diagnoses. Half of the participants were suboptimally screened before this study conducted; 7.6% were aware of the causal relationship between HPV and cervical cancer. Post-graduate degree was associated with elevated PHQ-9 score. Conclusions HPV screening was unlikely to cause additional psychological distress among pregnant population in China.
A new method for obtaining bankable and expandable adult-like microglial cells
Authors: You Min-Jung , Rim Chan , Kang Youn-Jung , Kwon Min-Soo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background The emerging role of microglia in neurological disorders requires a novel method for obtaining massive amounts of adult microglia. We aim to develop a new method for obtaining bankable and expandable adult-like microglial cells.Methods The head neuroepithelial layer (NEL) that composed of microglial progenitor and neuroepithelial cells at mouse E13.5 was dissected and then cultured or banked. CD11b-positive cells (NEL-MG) were isolated from the cultured NEL by magnetic-activated cell sorting system (MACS).Results The NEL included microglia progenitors that proliferate and ramify over time with neuroepithelial cells as feeder. Functional validation with a MACS using the NEL showed that the NEL-MG exhibited microglial functions, such as phagocytosis (microbeads, amyloid β, synaptosome), migration, and inflammatory changes following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. NEL was subcultured and the NEL-MG exhibited a higher expression of microglia signature genes than the neonatal microglia, a widely used in vitro surrogate. Banking or long-term subculture of NEL did not affect NEL-MG characteristics. Transcriptome analysis revealed that NEL-MG exhibited better conservation of microglia signature genes with a closer fidelity to freshly isolated adult microglia than neonatal microglia. NEL-MG could be re-expandable when they were plated again on neuroepithelial cellsConclusions This new method effectively contributes to obtaining adult-like microglial cells, even when only a small number of experimental animals are available, leading to a broad application in neuroscience-associated fields.
Past Month Alcohol Intake and Subjective Cognitive Complaints Amongst Men and Women in Ghana
Authors: Dey Nutifafa Eugene Yaw , Ansah Kenneth Owusu , Darkwah Ernest , Duodu Precious Adade , Bayuo Jonathan , Agbadi Pascal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Alcohol is widely used globally, and its intake has deleterious effects on cognitive functions. The relationship between alcohol intake and cognition has received extensive scientific investigation elsewhere but with little to no research coming from Ghana. The study examined the relationship between past-month alcohol intake and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) amongst men and women controlling for the effects of covariates.Methods: Data of 4358 men and 12483 women aged 18 to 49 years from the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Six (GMICS 6) collected between 2017 and 2018 was used. Participants responded to self-report single-item questions measuring past month alcohol use and cognition difficulty levels. Ordered logistic regression models were built separately for men and women in Stata 14. Results: After adjusting for age, education levels, insurance, marital status, rural-urban residence, and region of residence, it was found that past-month alcohol intake was related to high levels of SCCs. However, the size of the odds ratio indicated a slightly higher effect in men [APOR=1.38, 95% CI:1.07, 1.79] than in women [APOR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.46]. Other significant relationships between covariates and SCCs are reported. Conclusion: Past month alcohol intake is related to high levels of SCCs of Ghanaian men and women. This finding highlights the need to implement and enforce policies to regulate the harmful use of alcohol amongst Ghanaians.
PNA-TPP Targeting Drp1 of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cancer Stem Cells Enhance the Sensitivity to Cisplatin
Authors: Xie Lixia , Cheng Yong , Hu Ping , Ye Xiaoqun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the source of occurrence, aggravation, and recurrence of lung cancer. Accordingly, targeting the lung CSCs has been suggested to be an effective approach for lung cancer treatment. Mitochondrial dynamics are currently considered to be closely related to apoptosis. Drp1 is the key component of the mitochondrial fission machinery. Our study indicated that peptide nucleic acid (PNA) promoting dynamic related protein 1 (Drp1) expression improved cell apoptosis and the sensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP) in lung adenocarcinoma cancer stem cell. Interestingly, overexpression of Drp1 had a similar effect with PNA, and knockdown of Drp1 did the opposite. These data suggested that PNA promote cell apoptosis and enhance the sensitivity to CDDP of lung CSCs via Drp1. It will be of great interest to further explore the therapeutic strategies of lung cancer.
Single Neuronal and Glial Gene Expression in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius in an Alcohol Withdrawal Time Series Reveals Novel Cellular Phenotypes and Networks
Authors: O’Sullivan Sean J. , -Clarke Damani McIntosh , Park James , Vadigepalli Rajanikanth , Schwaber James S . 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is characterized by neuronal hyperexcitability, autonomic dysregulation, and severe negative emotion. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) is largely responsible for the neurological processes underlying these symptoms as it is the main viscerosensory nucleus in the brain. The NTS receives visceral interoceptive inputs, influences autonomic outputs, and has strong connections to the limbic system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to maintain homeostasis. Our prior analysis of single neuronal gene expression data from the NTS shows that neurons exist in heterogeneous transcriptional states that form distinct functional subphenotypes. Our working model conjectures that chronic ethanol induces a state of allostasis in which NTS neurons and peripheral tissues generally compensate for the persistent presence of alcohol, and that abrupt abstinence causes central and peripheral biological network decompensation resulting in the observed AWS. We collected single noradrenergic and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) neurons and microglia from rat NTS and measured a subset of their transcriptome in an alcohol withdrawal time series. Inflammatory subphenotypes predominate at certain time points, and GLP-1 subphenotypes demonstrated hyperexcitability post-withdrawal. We hypothesize such inflammatory and anxiogenic signaling contributes to alcohol dependence via negative reinforcement. Targets to mitigate such dysregulation and treat dependence can be identified from this dataset.
Identification and Prioritization of Critical Factors Affecting the Performance of Hospitals, Using the Best-Worst Method: A prospective approach in Iran
Authors: Shojaei Payam , Pourmohammadi Kimia , Bastani Peivand , Hatam Nahid , Hayati Ramin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: due to the numerous and ever-changing internal and external factors affecting health care performance, it seems essential to identify and prioritize them for managers and policy makers to make decisions easier, faster and more accurate. In this regard, the Best-Worst Method (BWM) is considered as a novel and innovative way to meet such an objective. Methods: At first, due to the large number of factors and indicators, the content validity ratio (CVR) was used to screen them. After that a Pairwise comparisons were conducted between the best and the worst criteria and the other one. Then Modeling the research problem through linear programming and finding the optimal weights.Results: the most effective internal factors from the experts’ viewpoint were the financial indicators such as “the ratio of personnel wage costs to the total revenues”, “the ratio of the costs of drugs and medical consumer goods to the total costs”. The external macro factors (driving forces) that were most influential were the “structure of the payment system and strategic service purchasing by insurance companies based on quality and price”, “the structure of tariffs” and the “fairness of the staff payment system”. Conclusion: The results showed that external factors had greater impacts on the performance of public hospitals than internal factors (efficiency and effectiveness). Therefore, when assessing the performance and improvement interventions of hospital, not only internal indicators should be measured, but also external factors, including political and economic policies and approaches governing the health system need to be taken into account.