bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A metabolic model of Lipomyces starkeyi for predicting lipogenesis potential from diverse low-cost substrates
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Yanan , Zhang Junlu , Zhao Man , Tang Mou , Zhou Wenting , Gong Zhiwei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Lipomyces starkeyi has been widely regarded as a promising oleaginous yeast with broad industrial application prospects because of its wide substrate spectrum, good adaption to fermentation inhibitors, excellent fatty acid composition for high-quality biodiesel, and negligible lipid remobilization. However, the currently low experimental lipid yield of L. starkeyi prohibits its commercial success. Metabolic model is extremely valuable to comprehend the complex biochemical processes and provide great guidance for strain modification to facilitate the lipid biosynthesis.

Results
A small-scale metabolic model of L. starkeyi NRRL Y-11557 was constructed based on the genome annotation information. The theoretical lipid yields of glucose, cellobiose, xylose, glycerol, and acetic acid were calculated according to the flux balance analysis (FBA). The optimal flux distribution of the lipid synthesis showed that pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) independently met the necessity of NADPH for lipid synthesis, resulting in the relatively low lipid yields. Several targets (NADP-dependent oxidoreductases) beneficial for oleaginicity of L. starkeyi with significantly higher theoretical lipid yields were compared and elucidated. The combined utilization of acetic acid and other carbon sources and a hypothetical reverse β-oxidation (RBO) pathway showed outstanding potential for improving the theoretical lipid yield.

Conclusions
The lipid biosynthesis potential of L. starkeyi can be significantly improved through appropriate modification of metabolic network, as well as combined utilization of carbon sources according to the metabolic model. The prediction and analysis provide valuable guidance to improve lipid production from various low-cost substrates.
DNA methylation and behavioral dysfunction in males with 47,XXY and 49,XXXXY: a pilot study
Authors: Lee Richard S. , Song Sophia Q. , Garrison-Desany Henri M. , Carey Jenny L. , Lasutschinkow Patricia , Zabel Andrew , Bressler Joseph , Gropman Andrea , Samango-Sprouse Carole 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEqual dosage of X-linked genes between males and females is maintained by the X-inactivation of the second X chromosome in females through epigenetic mechanisms. Boys with aneuploidy of the X chromosome exhibit a host of symptoms such as low fertility, musculoskeletal anomalies, and cognitive and behavioral deficits that are presumed to be caused by the abnormal dosage of these genes. The objective of this pilot study is to assess the relationship between CpG methylation, an epigenetic modification, at several genes on the X chromosome and behavioral dysfunction in boys with supernumerary X chromosomes.ResultsTwo parental questionnaires, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), were analyzed, and they showed expected differences in both internal and external behaviors between neurotypical (46,XY) boys and boys with 49,XXXXY. There were several CpGs inARandMAOAof boys with 49,XXXXY whose methylation levels were skewed from levels predicted from having one active (Xa) and three inactive (Xi) X chromosomes. Further, methylation levels of multiple CpGs inMAOAshowed nominally significant association with externalizing behavior on the CBCL, and the methylation level of one CpG inARshowed nominally significant association with the BRIEF Regulation Index.ConclusionsBoys with 49,XXXXY displayed higher levels of CpG methylation at regulatory intronic regions in X-linked genes encoding the androgen receptor (AR) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), compared to that in boys with 47,XXY and neurotypical boys. Our pilot study results suggest a link between CpG methylation levels and behavior in boys with 49,XXXXY.
Arterial stiffening acts synergistically with APOE genotype and AD biomarker status to influence memory in older adults without dementia
Authors: Bangen Katherine J. , Smirnov Denis S. , Delano-Wood Lisa , Wierenga Christina E. , Bondi Mark W. , Salmon David P. , Galasko Douglas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Arterial stiffening has emerged as an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity has been proposed as a non-invasive and reproducible method to assess arterial stiffness. However, the association of pulse wave velocity with performance across multiple cognitive domains as well as interactions with in vivo AD biomarkers and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype has received limited study.

Method
We studied 193 older adult volunteers (167 with normal cognition and 26 with mild cognitive impairment) who underwent comprehensive medical and neuropsychological evaluation at the University of California, San Diego Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were available on 123 participants (63%). Linear models examined whether pulse wave velocity significantly interacted with APOE ε4 status and CSF AD biomarker positivity (based on the ratio of total tau over beta-amyloid [tau/Aβ42]) on memory, language, executive functioning, attention, and visuospatial abilities.

Results
After adjusting for demographic characteristics and vascular risk burden, across the entire sample, pulse wave velocity was associated with poorer executive functioning but not the performance in the other cognitive domains. When the modifying effects of AD genetic risk and CSF AD biomarkers were considered, pulse wave velocity interacted with APOE genotype and CSF tau/Aβ ratio such that a stronger association between elevated pulse wave velocity and poorer memory performance was found among those positive for CSF and genetic AD markers. There were no significant interaction effects for non-memory cognitive domains.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that pulse wave velocity, a non-invasive method to assess arterial wall properties, may be a useful marker of risk for cognitive decline, particularly among individuals who are APOE ε4 carriers or CSF AD biomarke0r-positive.
A novel method to treat recurrent facial pain: a case report
Authors: Kuvatanasuchati Jintakorn , Leowsrisook Karoon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic facial pain is a serious condition affecting millions of people worldwide. The reasons for chronic facial pain vary, and currently, the methods of treating chronic facial pain are expensive, invasive, and, based on current findings, ineffective. The purpose of this study is to develop and test an effective, cost-friendly method to treat patients with chronic facial pain. This study will examine the effectiveness of a novel treatment of a patient suffering from trigeminal neuralgia.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old Thai female visited the advanced general dentistry clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. She was suffering from facial pain on her left side and was diagnosed by a physician as having trigeminal neuralgia. She experienced a sharp shooting pain that was triggered by facial movements such as chewing, speaking, or brushing teeth, and touching certain areas of her face. Bouts of pain lasted from a few seconds to several minutes, and episodes of several attacks lasted days, weeks, months, or longer prior to her visit to the advanced general dentistry clinic at Mahidol University. Physician designed an occlusal equilibration appliance for treating the patient by inserting the appliance in the mouth for dental occlusal equilibration (deprogram). The patient used this appliance by placing it in the mouth continuously (day and night) and removed it only when eating. After using the appliance for 2 weeks, the patient appeared to feel and look better prior to taking medication and was able to eat normally. The patient was pain free after treatment for a duration of 9 months. However, after 9 months, the pain reoccurred and manifested itself.

Conclusion
This novel treatment of recurrent facial pain showed an improvement of the patient’s chronic facial pain and serves as evidence to being a novel method for treating those suffering from trigeminal neuralgia.
Discovery of chemerin as the new chemoattractant of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kim Irene , Park Hyomin , Hwang Injoo , Moon Dodam , Yun Hyunji , Lee Eun Ju , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The homing capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to the injured sites enables systemic administration of hMSCs in clinical practice. In reality, only a small proportion of MSCs are detected in the target tissue, which is a major bottleneck for MSC-based therapies. We still don’t know the mechanism how MSCs are chemo-attracted to certain target organ and engrafted through trans-endothelial migration. In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanism how the circulating hMSCs home to the injured liver.

Methods and results
When we compare the cytokine array between normal and injured mouse liver at 1-day thioacetamide (TAA)-treatment, we found that chemerin, CXCL2, and CXCL10 were higher in the injured liver than normal one. Among three, only chemerin was the chemoattractant of hMSCs in 2D- and 3D-migration assay. Analysis of the signal transduction pathways in hMSCs showed that chemerin activated the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, ERK1/2 and p38, and finally upregulated CD44, ITGA4, and MMP-2 that are involved in the transendothelial migration and extravasation of MSCs. Upstream transcription regulators of CD44, ITGA4, and MMP-2 after chemerin treatment were MZF1, GATA3, STAT3, and STAT5A. To develop chemerin as a chemoattractant tool, we cloned gene encoding the active chemerin under the CMV promoter (CMV-aChemerin). We analyzed the migration of hMSCs in the 3D model for space of the Disse, which mimics transmigration of hMSCs in the liver. CMV-aChemerin-transfected hepatocytes were more effective to attract hMSC than control hepatocytes, leading to the enhanced transendothelial migration and homing of hMSCs to liver. The homing efficiency of the intravascularly-delivered hMSCs to liver was evaluated after systemic introduction of the CMV-aChemerin plasmid packed in liposome-vitamin A conjugates which target liver. CMV-aChemerin plasmid targeting liver significantly enhanced homing efficiency of hMSCs to liver compared with control plasmid vector.

Conclusions
Chemerin is the newly found chemoattractant of hMSCs and may be a useful tool to manipulate the homing of the intravascularly-administered hMSC to the specific target organ.
Association between health literacy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Zhao-ya , Yang Yuan , Zhang Fan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
To identify the relationship between health literacy (HL) and mortality based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
Literature published from database inception until July 2020 was searched using the PubMed and Web of Science databases, using relevant keywords and clear inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was limited to English language articles. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. Pooled correlation coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) between HL and mortality were estimated using Stata 15.0 software. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. Quality of the original studies that were included in the meta-analysis was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. A funnel plot and Egger’s test were used to determine whether significant publication bias was present.

Results
Overall, 19 articles were included, reporting on a total of 41,149 subjects. Eleven were prospective cohort studies, and all articles were considered “good” quality. The most used screening instruments were the short Test of Functional Health Literacy (S-TOFHLA) in Adults and the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS). Among 39,423 subjects (two articles did not report the number of patients with low HL), approximately 9202 (23%) had inadequate or marginal HL. The correlation coefficient between HL and mortality was 1.25 (95%CI = 0.25–0.44).

Conclusion
Lower HL was associated with an increased risk of death. This finding should be considered carefully and confirmed by further research.
Dead-reckoning animal movements in R: a reappraisal using Gundog.Tracks
Authors: Gunner Richard M. , Holton Mark D. , Scantlebury Mike D. , van Schalkwyk O. Louis , English Holly M. , Williams Hannah J. , Hopkins Phil , Quintana Flavio , Gómez-Laich Agustina , Börger Luca , Redcliffe James , Yoda Ken , Yamamoto Takashi , Ferreira Sam , Govender Danny , Viljoen Pauli , Bruns Angela , Bell Stephen H. , Marks Nikki J. , Bennett Nigel C. , Tonini Mariano H. , Duarte Carlos M. , van Rooyen Martin C. , Bertelsen Mads F. , Tambling Craig J. , Wilson Rory P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Fine-scale data on animal position are increasingly enabling us to understand the details of animal movement ecology and dead-reckoning, a technique integrating motion sensor-derived information on heading and speed, can be used to reconstruct fine-scale movement paths at sub-second resolution, irrespective of the environment. On its own however, the dead-reckoning process is prone to cumulative errors, so that position estimates quickly become uncoupled from true location. Periodic ground-truthing with aligned location data (e.g., from global positioning technology) can correct for this drift between Verified Positions (VPs). We present step-by-step instructions for implementing Verified Position Correction (VPC) dead-reckoning in R using the tilt-compensated compass method, accompanied by the mathematical protocols underlying the code and improvements and extensions of this technique to reduce the trade-off between VPC rate and dead-reckoning accuracy. These protocols are all built into a user-friendly, fully annotated VPC dead-reckoning R function; Gundog.Tracks, with multi-functionality to reconstruct animal movement paths across terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial systems, provided within the Additional file 4 as well as online (GitHub).

Results
The Gundog.Tracks function is demonstrated on three contrasting model species (the African lion Panthera leo, the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus, and the Imperial cormorant Leucocarbo atriceps) moving on land, in water and in air. We show the effect of uncorrected errors in speed estimations, heading inaccuracies and infrequent VPC rate and demonstrate how these issues can be addressed.

Conclusions
The function provided will allow anyone familiar with R to dead-reckon animal tracks readily and accurately, as the key complex issues are dealt with by Gundog.Tracks. This will help the community to consider and implement a valuable, but often overlooked method of reconstructing high-resolution animal movement paths across diverse species and systems without requiring a bespoke application.
Psychosocial functioning in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury: the roles of childhood maltreatment, borderline personality disorder and depression
Authors: Ghinea Denisa , Fuchs Anna , Parzer Peter , Koenig Julian , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of studies examining psychosocial functioning in patients with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), especially in adolescents, and rates of impaired functioning in existing literature vary considerably. These variations may be attributable to further risk factors that influence psychosocial functioning. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine whether adolescent NSSI patients with childhood maltreatment (CM), a known risk factor for lower psychosocial functioning, may differ from adolescent NSSI patients without CM, and whether these differences may be explained by the severity of comorbid disorders. Specifically, we examined whether severity of borderline personality disorder (BPD), depression and posttraumatic stress disorder may explain differences in psychosocial functioning in NSSI patients with and without CM.

Methods
Data of 368 adolescents with NSSI disorder from an outpatient clinic were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Clinicans’ rating of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) was collected, in addition to clinical interviews.

Results
Results indicate that GAF scores were lower among NSSI patients with CM and that the difference in psychosocial functioning between these groups was explained by BPD and depression severity.

Conclusions
Psychosocial functioning in NSSI patients varies depending on whether they have experienced CM or not. Specifically, these differences seem to be attributable to higher BPD and depression severity in adolescent NSSI patients with CM. Clinicians should ensure to assess CM and focus on BPD and depression severity in this population. Treatment of BPD and depression may notably reduce psychosocial impairment in NSSI patients with CM.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: research priorities for the administration, epidemiology, scoring and identification of sepsis
Authors: Nunnally Mark E. , Ferrer Ricard , Martin Greg S. , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Machado Flavia R. , De Backer Daniel , Coopersmith Craig M. , Deutschman Clifford S. ,   For the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Reasearch Committee, Antonelli Massimo , Hellman Judith , Jog Sameer , Kesecioglu Jozef , Lat Ishaq , Levy Mitchell M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify priorities for administrative, epidemiologic and diagnostic research in sepsis.DesignAs a follow-up to a previous consensus statement about sepsis research, members of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Research Committee, representing the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Society of Critical Care Medicine addressed six questions regarding care delivery, epidemiology, organ dysfunction, screening, identification of septic shock, and information that can predict outcomes in sepsis.MethodsSix questions from the Scoring/Identification and Administration sections of the original Research Priorities publication were explored in greater detail to better examine the knowledge gaps and rationales for questions that were previously identified through a consensus process.ResultsThe document provides a framework for priorities in research to address the following questions: (1) What is the optimal model of delivering sepsis care?; (2) What is the epidemiology of sepsis susceptibility and response to treatment?; (3) What information identifies organ dysfunction?; (4) How can we screen for sepsis in various settings?; (5) How do we identify septic shock?; and (6) What in-hospital clinical information is associated with important outcomes in patients with sepsis?ConclusionsThere is substantial knowledge of sepsis epidemiology and ways to identify and treat sepsis patients, but many gaps remain. Areas of uncertainty identified in this manuscript can help prioritize initiatives to improve an understanding of individual patient and demographic heterogeneity with sepsis and septic shock, biomarkers and accurate patient identification, organ dysfunction, and ways to improve sepsis care.
E/Z isomerization of astaxanthin and its monoesters in vitro under the exposure to light or heat and in overilluminated Haematococcus pluvialis cells
Authors: Viazau Yauhen V. , Goncharik Ruslan G. , Kulikova Irina S. , Kulikov Evgeny A. , Vasilov Raif G. , Selishcheva Alla A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThermo- and photoisomerization of astaxanthin was investigated in a model system (solutions in methanol and chloroform), and the dynamics of astaxanthin isomers and esters content was analyzed in Haematococcus pluvialis green algal cells exposed to factors inducing astaxanthin accumulation. In both systems, the astaxanthin isomerization process seems to be defined by a) the action of light (or heat), and b) the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. Upon heating, the accumulation of Z-isomers occurred in a model system during the entire incubation period. For the first 5 h of illumination, both Z-isomers accumulated in the solutions up to 5%, and then their content decreased. The accumulated amount of the Z-isomers in the cells of H. pluvialis was found to reach 42% of the total content of astaxanthin initially, and then it decreased during the experiment. The results lead to a conclusion that both cultivation of H. pluvialis culture in specific conditions and heat treatment of the resulting extracts from it might be efficient for obtaining large amounts of economically useful astaxanthin Z-isomer.
A deep neural network approach for sentiment analysis of medically related texts: an analysis of tweets related to concussions in sports
Authors: Tirdad Kayvan , Dela Cruz Alex , Sadeghian Alireza , Cusimano Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnnually, over three million people in North America suffer concussions. Every age group is susceptible to concussion, but youth involved in sporting activities are particularly vulnerable, with about 6% of all youth suffering a concussion annually. Youth who suffer concussion have also been shown to have higher rates of suicidal ideation, substance and alcohol use, and violent behaviors. A significant body of research over the last decade has led to changes in policies and laws intended to reduce the incidence and burden of concussions. However, it is also clear that youth engaging in high-risk activities like sport often underreport concussion, while others may embellish reports for specific purposes. For such policies and laws to work, they must operate effectively within a facilitative social context so understanding the culture around concussion becomes essential to reducing concussion and its consequences. We present an automated deep neural network approach to analyze tweets with sport-related concussion context to identify the general public’s sentiment towards concerns in sport-related concussion. A single-layer and multi-layer convolutional neural networks, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Bidirectional LSTM were trained to classify the sentiments of the tweets. Afterwards, we train an ensemble model to aggregate the predictions of our networks to provide a final decision of the tweet’s sentiment. The system achieves an evaluation F1 score of 62.71% based on Precision and Recall. The trained system is then used to analyze the tweets in the FIFA World Cup 2018 to measure audience reaction to events involving concussion. The neural network system provides an understanding of the culture around concussion through sentiment analysis.
Does board gender diversity affect firm performance? Empirical evidence from Standard & Poor’s 500 Information Technology Sector
Authors: Simionescu Liliana Nicoleta , Gherghina Ştefan Cristian , Tawil Hiba , Sheikha Ziad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe essence of this study is to investigate the influence of the board gender diversity on firms’ accounting and market-based performance using a sample of Standard & Poor’s 500 companies belonging to the information technology sector over 12 years. Using the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) method, the outcomes provide evidence for a positive influence of women on corporate boards on both measures of company performance, except for the percentage of female executives in the case of return on assets (ROA). After estimating the fixed effects and random-effects through panel data, the econometric outcomes show no statistically significant association among board gender diversity and ROA but a positive influence of the number and percentage of women on board on price-to-earnings ratio.