bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Coronal Mass Ejection Flux Rope Signatures Using 3DCORE and Approximate Bayesian Computation
Authors: Weiss Andreas J. , Möstl Christian , Amerstorfer Tanja , Bailey Rachel L. , Reiss Martin A. , Hinterreiter Jürgen , Amerstorfer Ute A. , Bauer Maike 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a major update to the 3D coronal rope ejection (3DCORE) technique for modeling coronal mass ejection flux ropes in conjunction with an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) algorithm that is used for fitting the model to in situ magnetic field measurements. The model assumes an empirically motivated torus-like flux rope structure that expands self-similarly within the heliosphere, is influenced by a simplified interaction with the solar wind environment, and carries along an embedded analytical magnetic field. The improved 3DCORE implementation allows us to generate extremely large ensemble simulations that we then use to find global best-fit model parameters using an ABC sequential Monte Carlo algorithm. The usage of this algorithm, under some basic assumptions on the uncertainty of the magnetic field measurements, allows us to furthermore generate estimates on the uncertainty of model parameters using only a single in situ observation. We apply our model to synthetically generated measurements to prove the validity of our implementation for the fitting procedure. We also present a brief analysis, within the scope of our model, of an event captured by the Parker Solar Probe shortly after its first flyby of the Sun on 2018 November 12 at 0.25 au. The presented toolset is also easily extendable to the analysis of events captured by multiple spacecraft and will therefore facilitate future multipoint studies.
This is not a scandal in Luxembourg
Authors: Majerus Benoît 
Published: January 2021

Au début des années 1970, Investors Overseas Service (IOS), une société panaméenne dirigée par l’homme d’affaires américain Bernie Cornfeld, dont certaines filiales sont domiciliées au Luxembourg, a connu un effondrement spectaculaire. C’est la première fois que la place financière luxembourgeoise apparaît dans les médias locaux et internationaux comme acteur d’un monde financier globalisé. L’effondrement d’IOS, qualifié de scandale luxembourgeois par certains organes de presse européens, n’a pas été décrit dans les mêmes termes par la presse et par l’élite politique luxembourgeoises. Cette étude de cas examine comment les scandales (financiers) éclatent et se clôturent dans des pays de taille réduite.
Penser le numérique : orientations pédagogiques et préoccupations de recherche en didactique des langues
Authors: Soubrié Thierry 
Published: January 2021

Les recherches dans le domaine des langues et du numérique existent depuis une cinquantaine d'années. Que peut-on en dire ? La question est d'autant plus intéressante et pertinente à poser qu'il est de coutume de signaler la non-cumulativité des recherches dans le domaine des technologies éducatives. Pour y répondre, nous avons choisi, dans un premier temps, de nous éloigner de la problématique du numérique en éducation pour nous intéresser à la manière dont des auteurs du domaine, à travers une sélection d'articles et d'ouvrages, pensent le numérique. Nous nous appuyons pour cela sur un cadre théorique qui comprend trois niveaux de questionnement : (1) le numérique et ses caractéristiques, (2) le couplage humain/non humain, (3) la dimension critique. Dans un second temps, nous proposons une réflexion sur la manière dont les suggestions voire les préconisations pédagogiques et les préoccupations de recherche faites par les auteurs s'articulent avec les points de vue qu'ils portent sur le numérique. Les principaux résultats de cette recherche spéculative sont ensuite discutés et présentés dans un tableau synthétique.
Spinoza et le Dieu qui peut tout
Authors: Ndoba Alain Gervais 
Published: January 2021

Spinoza, comme la tradition judéo-chrétienne, affirme la toute-puissance divine, mais dans une perspective profondément différente. En effet, la conception traditionnelle selon laquelle « Dieu peut tout » suppose que Dieu possède le pouvoir de manipuler la nature et les circonstances à sa guise. Cette idée justifie l’institution d’un culte par les hommes afin d’implorer la miséricorde de Dieu en leur faveur. Or cette interprétation du pouvoir de Dieu ne diffère en rien de celle des hommes de pouvoir, qui peuvent modifier la situation d’un homme selon leur bon plaisir. Spinoza critique cette interprétation qui attribue à Dieu un comportement humain. Il part de l’idée d’infini, au sens de ce qui ne peut être entravé par autre chose, pour montrer qu’il n’y a rien en dehors de Dieu capable de le limiter. Spinoza pose l’infinité de Dieu comme gage de sa liberté. À l’idée d’infini s’ajoute la compréhension de la nature de Dieu qui conditionne celle de sa puissance. Cette puissance, loin de prendre la forme d’une action arbitraire, suit les lois qui lui sont d’emblée fixées par la nature dont elle constitue l’expression nécessaire, à la fois complète et parfaite.
Hybrid Bonding of Via-middle TSV Wafer Fabricated using Direct Si/Cu Grinding, Residual Metal Removal, CVD, and CMP
Authors: Watanabe Naoya , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Mitsui Takahiko , Yamamoto Eiichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We performed hybrid bonding of a via-middle through-silicon via (TSV) wafer that was fabricated using direct Si/Cu grinding, residual metal removal, chemical vapor deposition of a rear-side insulator, and chemical mechanical polishing. The rear side of the via-middle TSV wafer (wafer diameter: 197 mm, wafer thickness: 22 μm, TSV diameter: 5.5 μm, and total thickness variation: &lt;2 μm), which was mounted on a support glass, was bonded to a Cu electrode wafer (wafer diameter: 200 mm, wafer thickness: 625 μm, and Cu electrode diameter: 6 μm). The bonding was performed at room temperature via a surface-activated bonding using a Si ultrathin film. After hybrid bonding, the support glass was debonded, and vacuum annealing was performed. Cross-sectional observations and electrical measurements of the bonded samples were also performed. Both the SiO2–SiO2 interface and the TSV-Cu electrode interface were bonded by the Si ultrathin film. The measured resistance of the TSV-Cu electrode pair was low (approximately 0.12 Ω), and the leakage current between the TSV-Cu electrode pairs was low (1 pA at 5 V).
Electroless Plating with UV Modification for Thermosetting Dielectric and Decay Suppression of High Frequency Transmission Property
Authors: Toba Masaya , Mitsukura Kazuyuki , Yamaguchi Masaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Semiconductor packages for high performance devices with printed circuit boards having multi wiring layers such as FC-BGA have been attracting the attention in order to realize ultra-reliable and low latency communications in 5G networking. Cu wirings for the package are usually fabricated by semi-additive process (SAP) with desmear process and/or modified semi-additive process (MSAP) by using Cu film with large surface roughness. Though a desmear process and Cu film can obtain enough adhesion between dielectric and Cu seed layer by anchoring effect to secure reliabilities, the interface between dielectric and Cu seed layer should be smooth to achieve low attenuation of electric signals at high frequencies. Here, instead of that processes, we applied an UV modification for the surface of our developed thermosetting dielectric in order to realize a smooth and high adhesive seed layer against the dielectric. We obtained 0.5 kN/m of peel strength between dielectric and Cu seed layer in spite of surface roughness (Ra) of dielectric was 265 nm by nano-level anchoring effect at UV modified layer. Due to the smooth interface by UV modification, the normalized S21 value of microstrip line was about 29 % improved compared to that assembled through Cu film with Ra of 2400 nm at 50 GHz.
Factors associated with loss to follow-up among people with tuberculosis in the country of Georgia: a cohort study
Authors: Adamashvili Natalia , Akopyan Kristina , Tukvadze Nestani , Dumchev Kostyantyn , Sereda Yuliia , Khonelidze Irma , Kuchukhidze Giorgi 
Published: January 2021

Despite having universal access to tuberculosis (TB) treatment, loss to follow-up (LFU) rates remain high in Georgia, 6% among drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) patients (2017 cohort) and 19% among drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) patients diagnosed in 2016. A cohort study was conducted to analyze secondary data from the Georgian National Tuberculosis Surveillance Database. Study population included adult (≥18 y.o.) patients with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB who were enrolled in Georgian National TB program during 2015-2017. The outcome of interest was loss to follow-up, defined as treatment interruption for more than 2 consecutive months. Patients were stratified by treatment profile (first-line drugs or second-line drugs) and survival analysis was performed within the stratified groups. A total of 7860 treatment episodes were identified during 2015-2017 which corresponded to 6696 bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB treatment episodes of whom 795 (12%) were LFU. After adjustment, final multivariate analysis showed that male sex (aHR 1.5, 95%CI 1.2-2.0), being diagnosed in Tbilisi (aHR 1.3, 95%CI 1.1-1.6), unemployment at the time of diagnosis (aHR 1.7, 95%Ci 1.2-2.3) and previous history of TB treatment were independent risk factors for LFU (aHR 2.3, 95%CI 1.9-2.8) among patients on first-line drugs. Among patients on second-line drugs being male (aHR 2.0, 95%CI 1.2-3.2), past TB treatment with second-line drugs (aHR 2.2, 95%CI 1.5-3.2) were significantly associated with LFU. LFU rate was high among patients on first-line drugs and second line drugs (10% and 22% respectively). Patients with past TB treatment history should further research to identify factors that lead to treatment interruption in this group. Other factors associated with LFU (being internally displaced person (IDP), being unemployed, and having imprisonment history) were in some level indication of a poor social-economic status, and strengthening approaches for TB care based on patients’ need could be considered in light of this finding.
Diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy
Authors: Cherian Sujith V. , Kaur Saranjit , Karanth Siddharth , Xian Jonathan Z , Estrada-Y-Martin Rosa M 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) is an excellent tool to diagnose peripheral pulmonary nodules, especially in the setting of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis. However, most of these procedures are done by interventional pulmonologists and academic tertiary centers under general anesthesia. Studies evaluating the diagnostic utility of this tool in safety-net community hospitals by pulmonologists not formally trained in this technology are lacking. The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of ENB done in such a setting and its associated complications.

METHODS:
Retrospective chart review of consecutive ENB procedures over 5 years from 2014, since its inception in our institution-a safety-net community based hospital was performed. Multiple variables were analyzed to assess their impact on diagnostic yields.

RESULTS:
After exclusion criteria were applied, 72 patients with 76 procedures were eventually included within our study, with an overall 1-year diagnostic yield of 80.2%. Sensitivity for malignancy was 73% and negative predictive value of 65%. Primary lung cancer was the most common diagnosis obtained, followed by tuberculosis (TB). The overall complication rates were low, with only 1 patient (1.3%) requiring hospitalization due to pneumothorax needing tube thoracostomy. No deaths or respiratory failures were noted within the cohort. The only significant variable affecting diagnostic yield was forced expiratory volume in 1 s. The presence of emphysema did not affect diagnostic yield.

CONCLUSIONS:
ENB is safe and feasible with a high diagnostic success rate even when performed by pulmonologists not formally trained in interventional pulmonology in low resource settings under moderate sedation.
Comparison of Radiographic Singh Index with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in Diagnosing Osteoporosis
Authors: Mir Furqan Rasul , Nazir Imran , Naseed Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of radiographic Singh index (SI) with respect to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan in diagnosing osteoporosis.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study on 100 postmenopausal women in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, from June 2019 to December 2019. We obtained right or left standard anteroposterior hip radiograph in each patient and compared its SI grade to the densitometry results obtained from the DEXA study of the corresponding hip.

Results:
Out of the selected patients, 7% had DEXA bone mineral density (BMD) values in normal range (T-score ≤1), 81% in osteopenic range (T-score >1.00–<2.5), and 12% in osteoporotic range (T-score ≥2.5). There was no statistically significant correlation (r = −0.108, P = 0.286) between SI grade and WHO BMD category (normal, osteopenia, or osteoporosis). There was no statistically significant correlation (r = 0.191, P = 0.057) between the SI grade and the mean absolute DEXA BMD value. There was also no statistically significant correlation (r = −0.195, P = 0.052) between SI grade and mean DEXA T-score.

Conclusion:
Our study found a poor correlation between radiographic SI and DEXA densitometry results. We concluded that the SI cannot be used as a substitute for DEXA study in diagnosing osteoporosis.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Swabbed Samples from Latrines and Flushing Toilets: A Case–Control Study in a Rural Latin American Setting
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Costa Aldo F. , Mera Robertino M. , Andrade-Molina Derly , Recalde Bettsy Y. , García Héctor H. , Fernández-Cadena Juan C. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTInformation about factors potentially favoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in rural settings is limited. Following a case–control study design in a rural Ecuadorian village that was severely struck by the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected by real-time PCR in swabs obtained from inner and upper walls in 24/48 randomly selected latrines from case-houses and in 12/48 flushing toilets from paired control-houses (P = 0.014; McNemar’s test). This association persisted in a conditional logistic regression model adjusted for relevant covariates (OR: 4.82; 95% CI: 1.38–16.8; P = 0.014). In addition, SARS-CoV-2–seropositive subjects were more often identified among those living in houses with a latrine (P = 0.002). Latrines have almost five times the odds of containing SARS-CoV-2 RNA than their paired flushing toilets. Latrines are reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and it cannot be ruled out that latrines could contribute to viral transmission in rural settings. Frequent disinfection of latrines should be recommended to reduce the likelihood of fecal contamination.
Estimation of Lipid Proﬁles of Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus at Adoor, Kerala
Authors: Kumari P. Leela 
Published: January 2021

Background: Lipid abnormalities in patients with diabetes are often phrased as “diabetic dyslipidemia”. The aim of the study was to evaluate the lipid profiles of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Methods: the subjects who were enrolled in this study were diabetic patients. For the study, a total of 150 diabetic patients with a history of diabetes for 10 years were arbitrarily chosen and scrutinized for dyslipidemia. Patients with other diseases and metabolic disarray were barred from the study. The patients were selected on an indiscriminate base and detailed case history was measured with all appropriate clinical checks. Results: Total 140 diabetic patients with a mean age of 49.98 13.3 years were included in the study. The mean FBS of study participants was 189.78 55.65 mg/dl. Mean triglycerides level was 203.59 84.48mg/dl. Out of the total 150 patients, borderline high cholesterol (200-239 mg/dl) and high cholesterol ( 240 mg/dl) level were 29 (19.3%) and 22 (14.6%) respectively. Out of 150 subjects, 37(24.6%) had borderline high triglyceride (150-199 mg/dl) while 61 (40.6%) had high triglyceride (200-249 mg/dl) level. Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia is the most frequent snag of diabetes mellitus and it can prompt patients to precipitate atherosclerosis and microvascular difficulty. Good glycemic control can avert the advances and succession of usual lipid irregularity in diabetes like heightened triglycerides, LDL, serum cholesterol and low HDL.
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE FROM PRECIPITATION IN THE STONY ATHI SUB-CATCHMENT, KENYA
Authors: Mathenge Morris W. , Gathuru Dr. Gladys M. , Kitur Dr. Esther L. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Groundwater recharge is an important process for sustainable groundwater development and its quantification is a prerequisite for efficient management of groundwater resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scale and spatial-temporal variation of groundwater recharge from precipitation in the semi-arid Stony Athi sub-catchment.
Methodology: A descriptive case study approach was used for the evaluation. WetSpass-M, a GIS physically based, spatially distributed watershed model was applied. The model integrates biophysical and climatic characteristics of a watershed to simulate the long term mean groundwater recharge. Grid maps of the sub-catchment characteristics were prepared from primary and secondary data using ArcMap. The model was applied for four periods, namely, 1984, 1995, 2005 and 2017. Besides the average groundwater recharge, other outputs of the model include surface run-off and actual evapotranspiration. The study was carried out between January and December 2018.
Findings: Land cover in the Stony Athi sub-catchment is comprised of built-up area, agricultural land, grassland, shrub-land, mixed forest and bare land. Topography ranges from 1493 m to 2,082 m above sea level with a slope of between 0% and 30%. Soil types include sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam and clay. The mean annual precipitation is about 634 mm while the potential evapotranspiration is about 1,490 mm. Annual temperature averages 19.0°C with a mean maximum of 25°C and a mean minimum of 12.7°C. The results of the simulation indicated that the long-term temporal and spatial average annual rainfall of 634 mm is distributed as 88 mm (14%) recharge, 77 mm (12%) surface runoff while 475 mm (75%) is lost through evapotranspiration.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study demonstrate the importance of physically-based spatially-distributed hydrological models in estimating the water balance. The study provides a theoretical basis for scientific, rational resource allocation and utilization as well as creating awareness of the need to enhance groundwater governance. Results from this study can be used as an input for building an integrated groundwater modelling and for evaluation of potential sites for managed artificial recharge through harvesting runoff to improve groundwater storage.
Pengembangan Rencana Induk Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik Provinsi Bali
Authors: Muka I Wayan , Widyatmika Made Adi , Putra I Ketut Gde Darma 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data dari masing-masing OPD Provinsi Bali terkait penerapan E-Government (SPBE), menentukan kondisi penerapan E-Goverment (SPBE) di Provinsi Bali dan menentukan langkah strategis untuk meningkatkan indeks tingkat kematangan SPBE Provinsi Bali.
Metode penelitian: Metode penilaian evaluasi dilakukan melalui pengukuran tingkat kematangan berdasarkan e-Government Maturity Model (eMM).
Temuan: Kajian ini mengungkap bahwa kelemahan utama dalam implementasi SPBE Provinsi Bali, terutama di beberapa OPD yang memberikan layanan publik, adalah belum terintegrasinya aplikasi atau sistem dan masih lemahnya SDM dan infrastruktur IT di masing-masing OPD.
Implikasi: Langkah yang perlu dilakukan adalah menyusun Rencana Induk Pengembangan SPBE yang memiliki kelengkapan pada sisi muatan visi dan misi SPBE, arsitektur SPBE, peta jalan SPBE serta integrasi sistem aplikasi dan penggunaan aplikasi umum secara menyeluruh.
Mapping the Potential and the Development of Kendran as a Tourism Village Model in Bali
Authors: Lestari Ni Putu Nina Eka , Adi I Nyoman Rasmen , Suasih Ni Nyoman Reni , Sumantri Alit 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: (1) Compile a baseline study of the potential of tourist objects and attractions as well as the readiness of community participation in the Community Based Tourism development model and forms of collaboration with relevant stakeholders; (2) Strengthening institutional and community empowerment in developing Kendran Tourism Village, as a community-based tourism village; and (3) Establishment of cooperation models and policies that can be developed by local governments and related stakeholders.
Research methods: the method of documentation, questionnaires, interviews, and FGD. The collected data was then analyzed using existing condition analysis techniques, ADO-ODTWA assessment, participatory rural analysis (PRA), SWOT analysis, MACTOR analysis, and MULTIPOL analysis.
Findings: Kendran Village as a tourist village, as well as its readiness for development were quite potential. The main policies that need to be prioritized include increasing the capacity of rural communities, strengthening village tourism institutions, packaging attractions / attractions for creating branding, and expanding and maintaining markets.
Implications: the development of a single destination tourist village is the creation of branding, while the policy to increase the capacity of rural communities has the highest value in the multiple destination tourist village scenario. Tourism development policy in the Province of Bali refers to the concept of sustainable and quality tourism, through various multi-sector policies.
Kompetensi Manajerial Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di SD Negeri Sapugara Kecamatan Brang Rea Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Zainuddin  
Published: January 2021

PTS ini membahas kompetensi manajerial kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di SD Negeri Sapugara Kecamatan Brang Rea Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat, dilatarbelakangi oleh peran penting kepala sekolah dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja guru, menerapkan kualitas sekolah dan sekaligus dalam manajemen peningkatan mutu pembelajaran, karena gerak langkah sebuah organisasi sekolah dikendalikan oleh seorang kepala sekolah. Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk menjawab permasalahan bagaimana kepemimpinan kepala sekolah ditinjau dari kompetensi manajerial dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru di SD Negeri Sapugara Kecamatan Brang Rea Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam konteksnya dengan kompetensi manajerial, kepala sekolah SD Negeri mampu menyusun perencanaan sekolah untuk berbagai tingkatan perencanaan, mengembangkan organisasi sekolah sesuai dengan kebutuhan, memimpin sekolah dalam rangka pendayagunaan sumber daya sekolah secara optimal, memiliki strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kinerja tenaga kependidikan di sekolahnya. Menciptakan iklim sekolah yang kondusif, memberikan nasehat kepada warga sekolah, memberikan dorongan kepada seluruh guru, serta melaksanakan model pembelajaran yang menarik. Sudah menjadi sifat manusia, di samping kelebihan ada pula kekurangannya yaitu Kepala sekolah SD Negeri karena terlalu disiplinnya, terkadang dalam situasi tertentu aktif mengisi jam pelajaran yang sebetulnya menjadi porsi guru yang bersangkutan. Kondisi ini menimbulkan kesan kurangnya tingkat kepercayaan kepala sekolah terhadap guru.