bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic reference levels and median doses for common clinical indications of CT: findings from an international registry
Authors: Bos Denise , Yu Sophronia , Luong Jason , Chu Philip , Wang Yifei , Einstein Andrew J. , Starkey Jay , Delman Bradley N. , Duong Phuong-Anh T. , Das Marco , Schindera Sebastian , Goode Allen R. , MacLeod Fiona , Wetter Axel , Neill Rebecca , Lee Ryan K. , Roehm Jodi , Seibert James A. , Cervantes Luisa F. , Kasraie Nima , Pike Pavlina , Pahwa Anokh , Jeukens Cécile R. L. P. N. , Smith-Bindman Rebecca 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ob
jectives
The European Society of Radiology identified 10 common indications for computed tomography (CT) as part of the European Study on Clinical Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs, EUCLID), to help standardize radiation doses. The objective of this study is to generate DRLs and median doses for these indications using data from the UCSF CT International Dose Registry.

Methods
Standardized data on 3.7 million CTs in adults were collected between 2016 and 2019 from 161 institutions across seven countries (United States of America (US), Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany, UK, Israel, Japan). DRLs (75th percentile) and median doses for volumetric CT-dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were assessed for each EUCLID category (chronic sinusitis, stroke, cervical spine trauma, coronary calcium scoring, lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, coronary CT angiography, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colic/abdominal pain, appendicitis), and US radiation doses were compared with European.

Results
The number of CT scans within EUCLID categories ranged from 8,933 (HCC) to over 1.2 million (stroke). There was greater variation in dose between categories than within categories (p < .001), and doses were significantly different between categories within anatomic areas. DRLs and median doses were assessed for all categories. DRLs were higher in the US for 9 of the 10 indications (except chronic sinusitis) than in Europe but with a significantly higher sample size in the US.

Conclusions
DRLs for CTDIvol and DLP for EUCLID clinical indications from diverse organizations were established and can contribute to dose optimization. These values were usually significantly higher in the US than in Europe.

Key Points
• Registry data were used to create benchmarks for 10 common indications for CT identified by the European Society of Radiology.
• Observed US radiation doses were higher than European for 9 of 10 indications (except chronic sinusitis).
• The presented diagnostic reference levels and median doses highlight potentially unnecessary variation in radiation dose.
Interplay between adipose tissue secreted proteins, eating behavior and obesity
Authors: Würfel Marleen , Breitfeld Jana , Gebhard Claudia , Scholz Markus , Baber Ronny , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Blüher Matthias , Stumvoll Michael , Kovacs Peter , Tönjes Anke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Adipokines may play an important role in the complex etiology of human obesity and its metabolic complications. Here, we analyzed the relationship between 15 adipokines, eating behavior and body-mass index (BMI).

Methods
The study included 557 participants of the Sorbs (62.1% women, 37.9% men) and 3101 participants of the population-based LIFE-Adult cohorts (53.4% women, 46.4% men) who completed the German version of the Three-Factor-Eating Questionnaire to assess the eating behavior types cognitive restraint, disinhibition and hunger. Serum levels of 15 adipokines, including adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), angiopoietin-related growth factor (AGF), chemerin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, FGF-21, FGF-23, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, interleukin (IL) 10, irisin, progranulin, vaspin, pro-neurotensin (pro-NT), pro-enkephalin (PENK) and leptin were measured. Based on significant correlations between several adipokines with different eating behavior items and BMI, we conducted mediation analyses, considering the eating behavior items as potential mediation variable towards BMI.

Results
Here, we found that the positive association between chemerin, AFABP or leptin and BMI in Sorbian women was mediated by higher restraint or disinhibited eating, respectively. Additionally, in Sorbian women, the negative relation between IGF-1 and BMI was mediated by higher disinhibition and the positive link between AGF and BMI by lower disinhibition. In Sorbian men, the negative relationship between PENK and BMI was mediated by lower disinhibition and hunger, whereas the negative relation between IGF-1 and BMI was mediated by higher hunger. In the LIFE-Adult women´s cohort, associations between chemerin and BMI were mediated by decreased hunger or disinhibition, respectively, whereas relations between PENK and BMI were fully mediated by decreased disinhibition.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that adipokines such as PENK, IGF-1, chemerin, AGF, AFABP and leptin might affect the development of obesity by directly modifying individual eating behavior. Given the observational nature of the study, future experimental or mechanistic work is warranted.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran preserves cardiac function by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and redox state in the myocardium from obese rats
Authors: Garcia Jéssica Leite , Vileigas Danielle Fernandes , Gregolin Cristina Schmitt , Costa Mariane Róvero , Francisqueti-Ferron Fabiane Valentini , Ferron Artur Junio Togneri , De Campos Dijon Henrique Salomé , Moreto Fernando , Minatel Igor Otávio , Bazan Silméia Garcia Zanati , Corrêa Camila Renata 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rice bran (RB) supplementation to a high-sugar fat (HSF) diet on cardiac dysfunction in an experimental obesity model.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: control, high-sugar fat, and high-sugar fat supplemented with 11% RB for 20 weeks.

Results
HSF diet promoted obesity and metabolic complications. Obese rats showed cardiac structural and functional impairment associated with high levels of interleukin-6, tumoral necrosis factor alpha, and malondialdehyde, and decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the myocardium. RB supplementation was able to mitigate obesity and its metabolic alterations in HSF diet-fed animals. Moreover, the RB also prevented structural and functional damage, inflammation, and redox imbalance in the heart of these animals.

Conclusion
This study suggests that RB supplementation prevents cardiac dysfunction in rats fed on HSF by modulating systemic metabolic complications and inflammation and oxidative stress in the myocardium, representing potential alternative therapy.
Phosphorylation of CAP1 regulates lung cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion
Authors: Zeng Jie , Li Xuan , Liang Long , Duan Hongxia , Xie Shuanshuan , Wang Changhui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) is a ubiquitous protein which regulates actin dynamics. Previous studies have shown that S308 and S310 are the two major phosphorylated sites in human CAP1. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of CAP1 phosphorylation in lung cancer.

Methods
Massive bioinformatics analysis was applied to determine CAP1’s role in different cancers and especially in lung cancer. Lung cancer patients’ serum and tissue were collected and analyzed in consideration of clinical background. CAP1 shRNA-lentivirus and siRNA were applied to CAP1 gene knockdown, and plasmids were constructed for CAP1 phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation. Microarray analysis was used for CAP1-associated difference analysis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the roles of CAP1 phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation in lung cancer A549 cells.

Results
CAP1 is a kind of cancer-related protein. Its mRNA was overexpressed in most types of cancer tissues when compared with normal tissues. CAP1 high expression correlated with poor prognosis. Our results showed that serum CAP1 protein concentrations were significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients when compared with the healthy control group, higher serum CAP1 protein concentration correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients, and higher pCAP1 and CAP1 protein level were observed in lung cancer patients’ tumor tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. Knockdown CAP1 in A549 cells can inhibit proliferation and migration, and the effect is validated in H1975 cells. It can also lead to an increase ratio of F-actin/G-actin. In addition, phosphorylated S308 and S310 in CAP1 promoted lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. When de-phosphorylated, these two sites in CAP1 showed the opposite effect. Phosphorylation of CAP1 can promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Conclusion
These findings indicated that CAP1 phosphorylation can promote lung cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. Phosphorylation sites of CAP1 might be a novel target for lung cancer treatment.
Safety in s-t Paths, Trails and Walks
Authors: Cairo Massimo , Khan Shahbaz , Rizzi Romeo , Schmidt Sebastian , Tomescu Alexandru I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGiven a directed graphGand a pair of nodessandt, ans-tbridgeofGis an edge whose removal breaks alls-tpaths ofG(and thus appears in alls-tpaths). Computing alls-tbridges ofGis a basic graph problem, solvable in linear time. In this paper, we consider a natural generalisation of this problem, with the notion of “safety” from bioinformatics. We say that a walkWissafewith respect to a set$${\mathcal {W}}$$Wofs-twalks, ifWis a subwalk of all walks in$${\mathcal {W}}$$W. We start by considering the maximal safe walks when$${\mathcal {W}}$$Wconsists of: alls-tpaths, alls-ttrails, or alls-twalks ofG. We show that the solutions for the first two problems immediately follow from finding alls-tbridges after incorporating simple characterisations. However, solving the third problem requires non-trivial techniques for incorporating its characterisation. In particular, we show that there exists a compact representation computable in linear time, that allows outputting all maximal safe walks in time linear in their length. Our solutions also directly extend to multigraphs, except for the second problem, which requires a more involved approach. We further generalise these problems, by assuming that safety is defined only with respect to a subset ofvisibleedges. Here we prove a dichotomy between thes-tpaths ands-ttrails cases, and thes-twalks case: the former two are NP-hard, while the latter is solvable with the same complexity as when all edges are visible. We also show that the same complexity results hold for the analogous generalisations ofs-tarticulation points(nodes appearing in alls-tpaths). We thus obtain the best possible results for natural “safety”-generalisations of these two fundamental graph problems. Moreover, our algorithms are simple and do not employ any complex data structures, making them ideal for use in practice.
Speech and Swallowing Outcomes Following Surgical Resection with Immediate Free Tissue Transfer Reconstruction for Advanced Osteoradionecrosis of the Mandible Following Radiation Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Brady Grainne , Leigh-Doyle Lauren , Riva Francesco Mattia Giovanni , Kerawala Cyrus , Roe Justin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite recent advances in the radiation techniques used for the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) remains a significant complication. Advanced stage ORN is managed surgically with resection and immediate free tissue transfer reconstruction. An evaluation of the functional speech and swallowing outcomes was undertaken for patients undergoing surgical management of advanced ORN. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients, at a single, tertiary cancer centre, who underwent surgical resection for advanced Notani grade III ORN. Outcomes investigated included use and duration of tracheostomy and swallowing and speech status using Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer Normalcy of Diet (PSS-NOD) and Understandability of Speech (PSS-Speech) at baseline and 3 months following surgery. Ten patients underwent surgical resection with free tissue transfer reconstruction between January 2014 and December 2019. Two patients required supplemental nutrition via a gastrostomy at three months post surgery. As per the PSS-NOD data half of the patients’ (n = 5) diet remained stable (n = 2) or improved (n = 3) and half of the participants experienced a decline in diet (n = 5). The majority of patients had no speech difficulties at baseline (n = 8). The majority of patients’ speech remained stable (n = 8) with two patients experiencing a deterioration in speech clarity following surgery. Well-designed studies with robust, sensitive multidimensional dysphagia and communication assessments are required to fully understand the impact of surgical management of advanced ORN using resection with free tissue transfer reconstruction.
The role of dual energy computed tomography in the differentiation of acute gout flares and acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis
Authors: Kravchenko Dmitrij , Karakostas Pantelis , Kuetting Daniel , Meyer Carsten , Brossart Peter , Behning Charlotte , Schäfer Valentin S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To analyse the diagnostic impact of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) in acute gout flares and acute calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal arthritis when compared to the gold standard of arthrocentesis with compensated polarised light microscopy. Microscopy results were also compared to musculoskeletal ultrasound (MUS), conventional radiographs, and the suspected clinical diagnosis (SCD).

Methods
Thirty-six patients with a suspected gout flare (n = 24) or acute CPP crystal arthritis (n = 11, n = 1 suffered from neither) who received a DECT and underwent arthrocentesis were included. Two independent readers assessed DECT images for signs of monosodium urate crystals or calcium pyrophosphate deposition.

Results
Sensitivity of DECT for gout was 63% (95% CI 0.41–0.81) with a specificity of 92% (0.41–0.81) while sensitivity and specificity for acute CPP arthritis were 55% (0.23–0.83) and 92% (0.74–0.99), respectively. MUS had the highest sensitivity of all imaging modalities with 92% (0.73–0.99) and a specificity of 83% (0.52–0.98) for gout, while sensitivity and specificity for acute CPP crystal arthritis were 91% (0.59–1.00) and 92% (0.74–0.99), respectively.

Conclusion
DECT is an adequate non-invasive diagnostic tool for acute gout flares but might have a lower sensitivity than described by previous studies. Both MUS and SCD had higher sensitivities than DECT for acute gout flares and acute CPP crystal arthritis.

Key Points• DECT offers a lower sensitivity for acute gout flares than previously described.• DECT sensitivity for acute CPP crystal arthritis is less than the already validated ultrasound.
From differential equation solvers to accelerated first-order methods for convex optimization
Authors: Luo Hao , Chen Long 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConvergence analysis of accelerated first-order methods for convex optimization problems are developed from the point of view of ordinary differential equation solvers. A new dynamical system, called Nesterov accelerated gradient (NAG) flow, is derived from the connection between acceleration mechanism and A-stability of ODE solvers, and the exponential decay of a tailored Lyapunov function along with the solution trajectory is proved. Numerical discretizations of NAG flow are then considered and convergence rates are established via a discrete Lyapunov function. The proposed differential equation solver approach can not only cover existing accelerated methods, such as FISTA, Güler’s proximal algorithm and Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method, but also produce new algorithms for composite convex optimization that possess accelerated convergence rates. Both the convex and the strongly convex cases are handled in a unified way in our approach.
The effect of mental and physical health problems on sickness absence
Authors: Bryan Mark L. , Bryce Andrew M. , Roberts Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbsenteeism is an important feature of the labour market, imposing significant costs on employers and the economy as a whole. This paper is the first to use a large labour force survey sample to investigate how different physical and mental health conditions affect absence rates among prime age workers in the UK. A pooled time series/cross-section analysis reveals that people with a chronic health condition are more likely to be absent from work, and mental health has a significantly larger effect than physical health. From a longitudinal perspective, we find that a change in mental health has an effect on absenteeism more than three times greater than a change in physical health. These findings imply that the prevention and alleviation of chronic health conditions, particularly common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety that are highly prevalent in prime age workers, will deliver significant benefits to the UK economy due to reduced absenteeism. Further, there is significant heterogeneity between different health conditions, with some having no effect at all on absenteeism having controlled for other factors.
Correlating Lévy processes with self-decomposability: applications to energy markets
Authors: Gardini Matteo , Sabino Piergiacomo , Sasso Emanuela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the concept of self-decomposability, we extend some recent multidimensional Lévy models built using multivariate subordination. Our aim is to construct multivariate Lévy processes that can model the propagation of the systematic risk in dependent markets with some stochastic delay instead of affecting all the markets at the same time. To this end, we extend some known approaches keeping their mathematical tractability, study the properties of the new processes, derive closed-form expressions for their characteristic functions and detail how Monte Carlo schemes can be implemented. We illustrate the applicability of our approach in the context of gas, power and emission markets focusing on the calibration and on the pricing of spread options written on different underlying commodities.
SENTiVENT: enabling supervised information extraction of company-specific events in economic and financial news
Authors: Jacobs Gilles , Hoste Véronique 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present SENTiVENT, a corpus of fine-grained company-specific events in English economic news articles. The domain of event processing is highly productive and various general domain, fine-grained event extraction corpora are freely available but economically-focused resources are lacking. This work fills a large need for a manually annotated dataset for economic and financial text mining applications. A representative corpus of business news is crawled and an annotation scheme developed with an iteratively refined economic event typology. The annotations are compatible with benchmark datasets (ACE/ERE) so state-of-the-art event extraction systems can be readily applied. This results in a gold-standard dataset annotated with event triggers, participant arguments, event co-reference, and event attributes such as type, subtype, negation, and modality. An adjudicated reference test set is created for use in annotator and system evaluation. Agreement scores are substantial and annotator performance adequate, indicating that the annotation scheme produces consistent event annotations of high quality. In an event detection pilot study, satisfactory results were obtained with a macro-averaged$$F_1$$F1-score of$$59\%$$59%validating the dataset for machine learning purposes. This dataset thus provides a rich resource on events as training data for supervised machine learning for economic and financial applications. The dataset and related source code is made available athttps://osf.io/8jec2/.
What’s Worrying Our Students? Increasing Worry Levels over Two Decades and a New Measure of Student Worry Frequency and Domains
Authors: Davey Graham C. L. , Meeten Frances , Field Andy P. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The frequency and severity of mental health problems in student populations have been a growing cause for concern worldwide, and studies have identified measures of a number of mental health symptoms that have been steadily increasing in frequency and intensity over the past 20–25 years.

Methods
In two studies we investigate the levels and domains of pathological worrying in university student participants. Study 1 is a retrospective study of Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) data collected between 2001 and 2019. Study 2 describes the development of the Student Worry Questionnaire, a short and easily delivered measure of student worrying that identifies both frequency of worry as well as the student-relevant domains across which worrying occurs.

Results
Study 1 revealed a steady increase in student worry scores of around 20% between 2001 and 2019, with a significant positive correlation between year of data collection and mean PSWQ score. The domain scores in Study 2 indicated that academic work was a significantly higher worry than any of the other domains, and worries about intimate relationships and ‘what people think of me’ were also worries that scored higher than either financial or health worries.

Conclusions
The present studies indicate that pathological worrying can be added to the list of anxiety- and stress-related symptoms that have been shown to be on the increase in student populations in recent decades, and we discuss whether these increases represent a greater willingness to report symptoms or a genuine increase in experienced symptoms over time.
The Dark Side of Mobile Learning via Social Media: How Bad Can It Get?
Authors: Loh Xiu-Kin , Lee Voon-Hsien , Loh Xiu-Ming , Tan Garry Wei-Han , Ooi Keng-Boon , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread at an unprecedented rate, many universities around the world halted physical forms of teaching and learning to stop the spread of the virus. As a result, many university students were forced to utilize online learning through channels such as mobile social media. Due to the novelty of this situation, there are many unknowns particularly with the negative influences of mobile learning via social media on university students. Thus, this study looks to examine this subject matter from the perspective of the stimulus–organism–response theory. The uniquely developed research model included four stimuli (i.e., social overload, information overload, life invasion, and privacy invasion), two organisms (i.e., technostress and exhaustion) as well as a response in terms of reduced intention to use mobile learning via social media. The responses were collected from 384 university students via an online survey and analyzed with the Partial-Least-Square-Structural-Equation-Modelling. It was found that the antecedents for both technostress and exhaustion were able to account for more than half of their respective variances. Furthermore, technostress and exhaustion were significant facilitators of the students’ reduced intention to use mobile learning via social media. In addition to the practical insights for stakeholders in the education industry, this study also posited several theoretical implications for researchers.