bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of retreating Barents–Kara sea ice on the periodicity of El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Heo Eun‐Sook , An Soon‐Il , Ringgaard Ida Margrethe , Yang Shuting , Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg , Sung Mi‐Kyung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe abrupt decline in sea ice in the Barents–Kara (BK) Sea because of global warming has been argued to influence not only higher latitudes but also the tropics. Using EC‐Earth model simulations, we demonstrated that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) period becomes longer when BK sea ice substantially decreases. As BK sea ice was forcibly reduced through nudging experiments, the mean Walker circulation shifted to the west, and the zonal sea surface temperature contrast in the tropical Pacific was enhanced. Consequently, the western Pacific mean thermocline became deeper, which reduced the sensitivity of oceanic wave response to wind forcing. Therefore, the oceanic Kelvin waves reflected by ENSO‐induced surface winds, a primary delayed negative feedback factor, were significantly weakened. Thus, ENSO phases could be sustained for longer.
Fully printed organic solar modules with bottom and top silver nanowire electrodes
Authors: Tam Kai Cheong , Kubis Peter , Maisch Philipp , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOne of the advantages of organic photovoltaics (OPV) over other contemporary technologies is its relative ease of processing. There are, however, very few works that have realized fully printed devices, including the bottom electrode, let alone with a scalable process in a reasonable device size (>1 cm2). In this work, design steps and optimization processes towards fully printed OPV modules with scalable processes are demonstrated for the first time. An overview on issues related to upscaling with printed electrodes is first provided. The various issues are then addressed by a rational design process supported by measurements and calculations. Finally, a set of fully printed OPV modules are fabricated using these optimized parameters that have over 3.5‐cm2 active area with 5% efficiency. For the first time, this work has also demonstrated the process compatibility of fully printed device structures with non‐fullerene acceptor systems, which enables more design opportunities for the current generation of high‐performance OPV materials.
How socioeconomic and clinical factors impact prostate‐cancer‐specific and other‐cause mortality in prostate cancer stratified by clinical stage: Competing‐risk analysis
Authors: He Hairong , Han Didi , Xu Fengshuo , Lyu Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the causes of death and risk factors of prostate‐cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) and other‐cause mortality (OCM) at different clinical stages using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.MethodsThe characteristics and cause‐specific death classifications of males with prostate cancer (PCa) were extracted. Multivariate competing‐risk regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors and quantify the cumulative incidence of PCSM and OCM at different clinical stages.ResultsOf the 244,433 PCa patients who were included, 19,274 died from 7356 PCSM, and 11,918 from OCM. The proportion of PCSM gradually increased from 2010 to 2016. The risk factors for PCSM in the localized PCa stage included older age, not being married, living in a county with higher poverty rates, and higher PSA levels and Gleason scores. Meanwhile, Medicaid and lower education levels were the additional risk factors of OCM. The risk factors for PCSM in the regional PCa stage included older age, not being married, Medicaid, living in a county with higher poverty rates, and higher PSA levels and Gleason scores. Meanwhile, the income level did not affect OCM risk. The risk factors for PCSM in the distant metastatic PCa stage included a separated/divorced/widowed marital status, Medicaid, and higher PSA levels and Gleason scores. Meanwhile, older age, an unmarried or separated/divorced/widowed marital status, and higher PSA levels were risk factors for OCM. In addition, receiving both surgery and radiation was worse than just receiving surgery for PCa specific survival in localized and regional PCa patients.ConclusionSome pretreatment and treatment factors may influence OCM that are not identical to those for PCSM at the corresponding stage. Decision‐makers and managers should fully consider OCM to maximize treatment benefits for PCa.
Comparison of transperineal and transrectal targeted prostate biopsy using Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity score caliper method: A multicenter study of Turkish Urooncology Association
Authors: Koparal Murat Yavuz , Sözen Tevfik Sinan , Karşıyakalı Nejdet , Aslan Güven , Akdoğan Bülent , Şahin Bahadır , Türkeri Levent ,   Members of Turkish Urooncology Association
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC)‐detecting results of transperineal and transrectal targeted biopsy (TPTB and TRTB, respectively) by performing matching analysis.Patients and MethodsThis study has used the PC and prostate biopsy database from the Turkish Urooncology Association. A total of 1143 patients with Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) with ≥3 lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and who had received a software‐guided transperineal/transrectal MRI/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsy with concomitant standard systematic 12‐core biopsy were included in this study. csPC detection rates of the TP and TR approaches were compared following Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity score caliper method. The following four variables were selected as covariates for the matching procedure: age, digital rectal examination findings, PSA density, and the index lesion PI‐RADS score.ResultsThe matched sample included 508 TR and 276 TP patients. In both the TP and the TR groups, targeted biopsy was superior to systematic biopsy in detecting csPC (27.5% vs. 24.6%, p < 0.001 and 19.5% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.0001, respectively). Both TPTB and TP systematic biopsy was found to be superior to TRTB and TR systematic biopsy in terms of csPC detection (27.5% vs. 19.5%, p = 0.012 and 24.6% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.006). In patients with an anterior index lesion, an apical index lesion, and a larger prostate, the superiority of TPTB to TRTB was found to be more prominent in terms of csPC detection (37.8% vs. 18.3%, p = 0.044; 34.6% vs. 14.7%, p = 0.002; and 25% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.033, respectively).ConclusionTargeted biopsy was found to be superior to systematic biopsy in detecting csPC in both the TP and the TR approaches. The TP approach is preferred because of its clear superiority in detecting csPC in targeted biopsy, especially in patients with anterior and apical lesions and with larger prostates.
Healing Diabetic Ulcers with MoO3−X Nanodots Possessing Intrinsic ROS‐Scavenging and Bacteria‐Killing Capacities
Authors: Duan Guangxin , Wen Ling , Sun Xingwei , Wei Zhuxin , Duan Ruixue , Zeng Jiangfeng , Cui Jiabin , Liu Chunyi , Yu Zepeng , Xie Xiaofang , Gao Mingyuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDiabetic ulcers (DUs) appearing as chronic wounds are difficult to heal due to the oxidative stress in the wound microenvironment and their high susceptibility to bacterial infection. A routine treatment combining surgical debridement with anti‐infection therapy is widely used for treating DUs in the clinic, but hardly offers a satisfying wound healing outcome. It is known that a long‐term antibiotic treatment may also lead to the drug resistance of pathogens. To address these challenges, new strategies combining both reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and bacterial sterilization have been proposed for fighting against DUs. Following this idea, oxygen deficient molybdenum‐based nanodots (MoO3−X) for healing the DUs are reported. The ROS scavenging ability of MoO3−X nanodots is investigated and the antibacterial property of the nanodots is also demonstrated. The systematic cell and animal experimental results indicate that the MoO3−X nanodots can effectively reduce inflammation, promote epithelial cell regeneration, accelerate angiogenesis, and facilitate DUs recovery. Most importantly, they present excellent capacity to diminish infection of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, manifesting the potent application prospect of MoO3−X nanodots for diabetic wound therapy.
Molecular cloning and oxidative‐stress responses of a novel Phi class glutathione S‐transferase (GSTF) gene in the freshwater algae Closterium ehrenbergii
Authors: Abassi Sofia , Wang Hui , Kim Hansol , Ki Jang‐Seu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) belong to a family of enzymes involved in diverse biological processes, including detoxification and protection against oxidative damage. Here, we determined the full‐length sequence (915 bp) of a novel Phi class cytosolic glutathione S‐transferase (GSTF) gene from the green algae Closterium ehrenbergii. We examined the gene structure and expression patterns in response to metals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It was significantly upregulated by metals, but responded differently to EDCs. The highest up‐regulation of CeGSTF was registered under 0.1 mg/L CuCl2 and 0.01 mg/L CuSO4 treatments. In a 72‐h course experiment with treatment of 0.1 mg/L CuCl2, CeGSTF was dramatically induced at 6 h, and then gradually decreased with increasing exposure time. This was consistent with the increase in both GST activity and ROS production in copper‐treated cells. These results suggest that CeGSTF may be involved in detoxification mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in green algae.
Die Abdominal Pain Unit als Behandlungspfad
Authors: Helbig Lukas , Stier Britta , Römer Claudia , Kilian Maik , Slagman Anna , Behrens Angelika , Stiehr Vera , Vollert Jörn Ole , Bachmann Ulrike , Möckel Martin 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Patient*innen mit atraumatischen Bauchschmerzen (aBS) sind in der Notaufnahme (NA) häufig und haben bei einem sehr weiten Spektrum verschiedener ursächlicher Diagnosen eine relativ hohe Krankenhaussterblichkeit. Eine schnelle, zielführende Diagnostik ist in diesem Zusammenhang essenziell.

Methode
In einem Delphi-Verfahren mit Vertreter*innen verschiedener Fachrichtungen wurde ein diagnostischer Behandlungspfad entworfen, der als „Abdominal Pain Unit“ (APU) bezeichnet wird.

Ergebnis
Der Behandlungspfad wurde als erweiterte Ereignisprozesskette dargestellt und die jeweiligen Entscheidungsfelder mit Dokumenten für ein standardisiertes Vorgehen hinterlegt.

Diskussion
Der APU-Behandlungspfad etabliert eine konsistente Versorgungsstruktur für Bauchschmerzpatient*innen. Er hat das Potenzial die Versorgungsqualität zu verbessern und die intrahospitale Mortalität langfristig zu senken.
Topological Singularities in Periodic Media: Ginzburg–Landau and Core-Radius Approaches
Authors: Alicandro Roberto , Braides Andrea , Cicalese Marco , De Luca Lucia , Piatnitski Andrey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe describe the emergence of topological singularities in periodic media within the Ginzburg–Landau model and the core-radius approach. The energy functionals of both models are denoted by$$E_{\varepsilon ,\delta }$$Eε,δ, where$$\varepsilon $$εrepresent the coherence length (in the Ginzburg–Landau model) or the core-radius size (in the core-radius approach) and$$\delta $$δdenotes the periodicity scale. We carry out the$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence analysis of$$E_{\varepsilon ,\delta }$$Eε,δas$$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$ε→0and$$\delta =\delta _\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$δ=δε→0in the$$|\log \varepsilon |$$|logε|scaling regime, showing that the$$\Gamma $$Γ-limit consists in the energy cost of finitely many vortex-like point singularities of integer degree. After introducing the scale parameter$$\begin{aligned} \lambda =\min \Bigl \{1,\lim _{\varepsilon \rightarrow 0} {|\log \delta _\varepsilon |\over |\log \varepsilon |}\Bigr \} \end{aligned}$$λ=min{1,limε→0|logδε||logε|}(upon extraction of subsequences), we show that in a sense we always have a separation-of-scale effect: at scales smaller than$$\varepsilon ^\lambda $$ελwe first have a concentration process around some vortices whose location is subsequently optimized, while for scales larger than$$\varepsilon ^\lambda $$ελthe concentration process takes place “after” homogenization.
On the topology of moduli spaces of non-negatively curved Riemannian metrics
Authors: Tuschmann Wilderich , Wiemeler Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study spaces and moduli spaces of Riemannian metrics with non-negative Ricci or non-negative sectional curvature on closed and open manifolds. We construct, in particular, the first classes of manifolds for which these moduli spaces have non-trivial rational homotopy, homology and cohomology groups. We also show that in every dimension at least seven (respectively, at least eight) there exist infinite sequences of closed (respectively, open) manifolds of pairwise distinct homotopy type for which the space and moduli space of Riemannian metrics with non-negative sectional curvature has infinitely many path components. A completely analogous statement holds for spaces and moduli spaces of non-negative Ricci curvature metrics.
MR elastography in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: inter-center and inter-analysis-method measurement reproducibility and accuracy at 3T
Authors: Tang An , Dzyubak Bogdan , Yin Meng , Schlein Alexandra , Henderson Walter C. , Hooker Jonathan C. , Delgado Timoteo I. , Middleton Michael S. , Zheng Lin , Wolfson Tanya , Gamst Anthony , Loomba Rohit , Ehman Richard L. , Sirlin Claude B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess reproducibility and fibrosis classification accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)–determined liver stiffness measured manually at two different centers, and by automated analysis software in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), using histopathology as a reference standard.MethodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study included 91 adults with NAFLD who underwent liver MRE and biopsy. MRE-determined liver stiffness was measured independently for this analysis by an image analyst at each of two centers using standardized manual analysis methodology, and separately by an automated analysis. Reproducibility was assessed pairwise by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.ResultsICC of liver stiffness measurements was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.97) between center 1 and center 2 analysts, 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.97) between the center 1 analyst and automated analysis, and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.96) between the center 2 analyst and automated analysis. Mean bias and 95% limits of agreement were 0.06 ± 0.38 kPa between center 1 and center 2 analysts, 0.05 ± 0.32 kPa between the center 1 analyst and automated analysis, and 0.11 ± 0.41 kPa between the center 2 analyst and automated analysis. The area under the ROC curves for the center 1 analyst, center 2 analyst, and automated analysis were 0.834, 0.833, and 0.847 for distinguishing fibrosis stage 0 vs. ≥ 1, and 0.939, 0.947, and 0.940 for distinguishing fibrosis stage ≤ 2 vs. ≥ 3.ConclusionMRE-determined liver stiffness can be measured with high reproducibility and fibrosis classification accuracy at different centers and by an automated analysis.Key Points•Reproducibility of MRE liver stiffness measurements in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is high between two experienced centers and between manual and automated analysis methods.•Analysts at two centers had similar high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing dichotomized fibrosis stages.•Automated analysis provides similar diagnostic accuracy as manual analysis for advanced fibrosis.
Preoperative intravenous iron treatment reduces postoperative complications and postoperative anemia in preoperatively anemic patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Kangaspunta Mikael , Mäkijärvi Jorma , Koskensalo Selja , Kokkola Arto , Arkkila Perttu , Scheinin Tom , Rasilainen Suvi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Anemia is common among patients with colorectal cancer and is associated with an increased risk of complications and poorer survival rate. The main objective of our study was to determine the effect of preoperative intravenous iron supplementation therapy on the need for red blood cell transfusions, other postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay in colon cancer patients undergoing colon resection.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from medical records of all 549 colon carcinoma patients who underwent a colon resection in Helsinki University Hospital during the years 2017 and 2018. The patients were divided into two cohorts: one with anemic patients treated with preoperative intravenous iron supplementation therapy (180 patients) and one with anemic patients without preoperative intravenous iron supplementation therapy (138 patients). Non-anemic patients and patients requiring emergency surgery were excluded (231 patients).

Results
Patients treated with intravenous iron had less postoperative complications (33.9% vs. 45.9%, p = 0.045) and a lower prevalence of anemia at 1 month after surgery (38.7% vs. 65.3%, p < 0.01) when compared with patients without preoperative iv iron treatment. No difference was found in the amount of red blood cell transfusions, length of stay, or mortality between the groups.

Conclusion
This is the first study demonstrating a significant decrease in postoperative complications in anemic colon cancer patients receiving preoperative intravenous iron supplementation therapy. This treatment also diminishes the rate of postoperative anemia, which is often associated with a facilitated recovery.
Receptor architecture of macaque and human early visual areas: not equal, but comparable
Authors: Rapan Lucija , Niu Meiqi , Zhao Ling , Funck Thomas , Amunts Katrin , Zilles Karl , Palomero-Gallagher Nicola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExisting cytoarchitectonic maps of the human and macaque posterior occipital cortex differ in the number of areas they display, thus hampering identification of homolog structures. We applied quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography to characterize the receptor architecture of the primary visual and early extrastriate cortex in macaque and human brains, using previously published cytoarchitectonic criteria as starting point of our analysis. We identified 8 receptor architectonically distinct areas in the macaque brain (mV1d, mV1v, mV2d, mV2v, mV3d, mV3v, mV3A, mV4v), and their respective counterpart areas in the human brain (hV1d, hV1v, hV2d, hV2v, hV3d, hV3v, hV3A, hV4v). Mean densities of 14 neurotransmitter receptors were quantified in each area, and ensuing receptor fingerprints used for multivariate analyses. The 1st principal component segregated macaque and human early visual areas differ. However, the 2nd principal component showed that within each species, area-specific differences in receptor fingerprints were associated with the hierarchical processing level of each area. Subdivisions of V2 and V3 were found to cluster together in both species and were segregated from subdivisions of V1 and from V4v. Thus, comparative studies like this provide valuable architectonic insights into how differences in underlying microstructure impact evolutionary changes in functional processing of the primate brain and, at the same time, provide strong arguments for use of macaque monkey brain as a suitable animal model for translational studies.
Challenges in the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in young children facilitated by means of revised diagnostic criteria including genetic testing for pathogenic NF1 gene variants
Authors: Kehrer-Sawatzki Hildegard , Cooper David N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most frequent disorder associated with multiple café-au-lait macules (CALM) which may either be present at birth or appear during the first year of life. Other NF1-associated features such as skin-fold freckling and Lisch nodules occur later during childhood whereas dermal neurofibromas are rare in young children and usually only arise during early adulthood. The NIH clinical diagnostic criteria for NF1, established in 1988, include the most common NF1-associated features. Since many of these features are age-dependent, arriving at a definitive diagnosis of NF1 by employing these criteria may not be possible in infancy if CALM are the only clinical feature evident. Indeed, approximately 46% of patients who are diagnosed with NF1 later in life do not meet the NIH diagnostic criteria by the age of 1 year. Further, the 1988 diagnostic criteria for NF1 are not specific enough to distinguish NF1 from other related disorders such as Legius syndrome. In this review, we outline the challenges faced in diagnosing NF1 in young children, and evaluate the utility of the recently revised (2021) diagnostic criteria for NF1, which include the presence of pathogenic variants in the NF1 gene and choroidal anomalies, for achieving an early and accurate diagnosis.
A Greedy Algorithm to Compute Arrangements of Lines in the Projective Plane
Authors: Cuntz Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe introduce a greedy algorithm optimizing arrangements of lines with respect to a property. We apply this algorithm to the case of simpliciality: it recovers all known simplicial arrangements of lines in a very short time and also produces a yet unknown simplicial arrangement with 35 lines. We compute a (certainly incomplete) database of combinatorially simplicial complex arrangements of hyperplanes with up to 50 lines. Surprisingly, it contains several examples whose matroids have an infinite space of realizations up to projectivities.
A prospective comparative analysis of the survival rates of conventional vs no-prep/minimally invasive veneers over a mean period of 9 years
Authors: Smielak Beata , Armata Oskar , Bojar Witold 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The present study compares the survival rates of 186 conventional and no-prep/minimally invasive porcelain veneers in 35 patients over a mean period of 9 years.

Materials and methods
The veneers were placed on the incisors, canines, and premolars in 35 patients between January 2009 and December 2010. Fourteen patients received 84 conventional veneers, and 21 patients received 102 no-prep/minimally invasive veneers. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after every 6 months until June 2019 based on modified United States Public Health Service criteria. The data was analyzed by using Wilcoxon–Breslow–Gehan and Taron–Ware tests. Kaplan–Meier survival and success curves were plotted for two groups of veneers. The results were compared by using the log rank test. A test probability of P < .05 was regarded as significant, while a test probability of P < .01 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
The mean survival rate, according to the Kaplan–Meier estimator, was 9.67% for conventional veneers and 100% for the no-prep or minimal prep veneers. A total of ten absolute failures were observed in six patients: eight restoration chipping/fractures, one debonding, and one fracturing of the tooth. Mean success rate time for conventional veneers without absolute or relative failures was 9.32 years, and 10.28 years for no-prep/minimally invasive veneers.

Conclusions
Over a mean observation period of 9 years, the survival rate of no-prep/minimally invasive veneers exceed that of conventional veneers.

Clinical relevance
No-prep/minimally invasive veneers appear very effective and should always be considered in certain clinical situations.