bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical and future drought impacts in the Pacific islands and atolls
Authors: Iese Viliamu , Kiem Anthony S. , Mariner Azarel , Malsale Philip , Tofaeono Tile , Kirono Dewi G.C. , Round Vanessa , Heady Craig , Tigona Robson , Veisa Filipe , Posanau Kisolel , Aiono Faapisa , Haruhiru Alick , Daphne Arieta , Vainikolo Vaiola , Iona Nikotemo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrought is known as a “creeping disaster” because drought impacts are usually noticed months or years after a drought begins. In the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), there is almost no ability to tell when a drought will begin or end, especially for droughts other than meteorological droughts. Monitoring, forecasting and managing drought in the PICTs is complex due to the variety of different ways droughts occur, and the diverse direct and indirect causes and consequences of drought, across the PICT region. For example, the impacts of drought across the PICTs vary significantly depending on (i) the type of drought (e.g. meteorological drought or agricultural drought); (ii) the location (e.g. high islands versus atolls); (iii) socioeconomic conditions in the location affected by drought; and (iv) cultural attitudes towards the causes of drought (e.g. a punishment from God versus a natural process that is potentially predictable and something that can be managed). This paper summarises what is known and unknown about drought impacts in the PICTs and provides recommendations to guide future research and investment towards minimising the negative impacts of droughts when they inevitably occur in the PICTs.
“It Often Feels Like You Are Talking to a Wall”: Police and Private Security Responses to the Campaign to Protect Pont Valley Against Opencast Coal Extraction
Authors: Stephens-Griffin Nathan , Lampkin Jack , Wyatt Tanya , Stephenson Carol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConflict between police, private security and political protesters is a topic that has been researched widely in criminology and other disciplines (e.g., Choudry 2019; Gilmore et al. 2019; Goyes and South 2017; Jackson et al. 2018; Rigakos 2002; South 1988; Weiss 1978). Adopting a green criminological lens, this article seeks to contribute to this rich body of research by examining police and private security responses to campaigning against opencast (open-pit) coal mining in Pont Valley, County Durham, United Kingdom (UK). Based on qualitative interviews, the article examines activists’ perceptions of responses to their campaign. Our findings reveal that rather than acting as neutral arbiters, police colluded with private interests, overlooking the abusive behavior of private security and bailiffs, particularly during the eviction of a protest camp at the proposed mining site. Activists believed that their right to protest was not respected, that their safety was jeopardized, and that police had willfully ignored a wildlife crime perpetrated by the mining company in order to enable mining to go ahead. Our article argues that the Pont Valley case fits into a wider pattern of repression of environmentalism in the UK, supporting Gilmore and colleagues’ (2019) argument that a progressive transformation in policing has been overstated.
Technology-mediated teaching and learning process: A conceptual study of educators’ response amidst the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Okoye Kingsley , Rodriguez-Tort Jorge Alfonso , Escamilla Jose , Hosseini Samira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many areas of the human and organizational ventures worldwide. This includes new innovative technologies and strategies being developed by educators to foster the rapid learning-recovery and reinstatement of the stakeholders (e.g., teachers and students). Indeed, the main challenge for educators has been on what appropriate steps should be taken to prevent learning loss for the students; ranging from how to provide efficient learning tools/curriculum that ensures continuity of learning, to provision of methods that incorporate coping mechanisms and acceleration of education in general. For several higher educational institutions (HEIs), technology-mediated education has become an integral part of the modern teaching/learning instruction amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, when digital technologies have consequently become an inevitable and indispensable part of learning. To this effect, this study defines a hybrid educational model (HyFlex + Tec) used to enable virtual and in-person education in the HEIs. Practically, the study utilized data usage report from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and Emotions and Experience Survey questionnaire in a higher education setting for its experiments. To this end, we applied an Exponential Linear trend model and Forecasting method to determine overall progress and statistics for the learners during the Covid-19 pandemic, and subsequently performed a Text Mining and Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine effects and significant differences that the teaching–learning experiences for the teachers and students have on their energy (learning motivation) levels. From the results, we note that the hybrid learning model supports continuity of education/learning for teachers and students during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study also discusses its innovative importance for future monitoring (tracking) of learning experiences and emotional well-being for the stakeholders in leu (aftermath) of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Understanding firm exit: a systematic literature review
Authors: Cefis Elena , Bettinelli Cristina , Coad Alex , Marsili Orietta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigate the corpus of literature on firm exit by means of a systematic literature review (SLR) which yields a final sample of 142 journal articles for the period 1991–2020. The phenomenon of firm exit is explored from a variety of perspectives: business exit; exit at the individual entrepreneur level; exit from specific markets; exit from foreign markets; and the role of exit for industrial dynamics conceived more broadly. Special attention is given to the various exit routes, including voluntary liquidation, mergers and acquisitions (M&A), initial public offerings (IPO), and of course bankruptcy. The SLR sets the scene for the Special Issue papers that are presented towards the end, and we conclude with some suggestions for future research.The Plain English Summary This article develops a systematic literature review around three decades of firm exit research, patterns, developments, and intriguing gaps. In this paper, we systematically review 142 studies on firm exit from various perspectives, identify major patterns, and outline the debate around firm exit. We propose reflections useful for scholars willing to engage in firm exit research in the future and set the scene for the special issue papers. Overall, this work shows the remarkable progress made in the area of firm exit that has evolved from the view of exit as a homogenous event signaling failure to a vision of exit as a heterogenous event. Exploring the sources of heterogeneity of exits from various perspectives could offer promising paths for future research.
T2-mapping MRI evaluation of patellofemoral cartilage in patients submitted to intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections
Authors: Cobianchi Bellisari Flavia , De Marino Luigi , Arrigoni Francesco , Mariani Silvia , Bruno Federico , Palumbo Pierpaolo , De Cataldo Camilla , Sgalambro Ferruccio , Catallo Nadia , Zugaro Luigi , Di Cesare Ernesto , Splendiani Alessandra , Masciocchi Carlo , Giovagnoni Andrea , Barile Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the ability of T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T, in addition to morphological sequences, to assess efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, characterizing qualitatively and quantitatively the grade of knee cartilage repair in patients with patellofemoral chondropathy. We retrospectively studied 34 patients (22 men, 12 women, mean age 41.8 years, including 22 men) with patellofemoral knee chondropathy, who underwent intra-articular PRP injections and completed a clinical and instrumental follow-up. As control group, we evaluated 34 patients who underwent non-operative therapy. All patients were submitted to clinical (using VAS and WOMAC index) and imaging studies with 3 T magnetic resonance with cartilage analysis with T2 mapping sequences for cartilage analysis before and after treatment. In the study group, mean pre-treatment T2 relaxation time values were 44.2 ± 2.5 ms, considering all articular cartilage compartments, with significant reduction at the follow-up (p < 0.001). At the index compartment, mean pre-treatment T2 relaxation times values were 47.8 ± 3.6 ms, with statistically significant reduction at the follow-up (p < 0.001). Evaluation of focal cartilage lesions reported pre-treatment mean T2 value of 70.1 ± 13.0 ms and post-treatment mean value of 59.9 ± 4.6 ms (p < 0.001). From a clinical point of view, the pre-treatment WOMAC and VAS scores were 18.3 ± 4.5 and 7 (IQR:6–7.2), respectively; the post-treatment values were 7.3 ± 3.2 and 2 (IQR: 1.7–3.0), respectively (p < 0.001). In the control group, despite clinical improvement, we didn’t find significant T2 values change during the follow-up period. In conclusion, T2 mapping is a valuable indicator for chondropathy and treatment-related changes over time.
Call the midwife. Health personnel and mortality in Norway 1887–1920
Authors: Kotsadam Andreas , Lind Jo Thori , Modalsli Jørgen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAt the turn of the twentieth century, Norway, like many other countries, experienced a decrease in mortality and a substantial increase in the number of health personnel. In order to assess how these changes were connected, we investigate the relationship between health personnel and mortality using data at the medical district level ($$N=106$$

N
=
106

) covering a period of 34 years. We find a large and robust effect of midwives on reduced maternal mortality in rural areas, but no effect in urban areas. No clear effect is found for other types of health personnel or on infant mortality. The results demonstrate the important role played by public health investments during the period.
Connections between trades and trafficking in wildlife and drugs
Authors: van Uhm Daan , South Nigel , Wyatt Tanya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhilst drug trafficking has been a concern for several decades, wildlife trafficking has only fairly recently garnered international attention. Often media coverage of wildlife trafficking links it to the illegal trade of drugs. This article analyses wildlife and drug trafficking connections of various kinds. The purpose is to reveal the overlaps and synergies of wildlife and drug trafficking, providing concrete examples of where these markets co-exist as well as intertwine based on literature and original fieldwork. It explores the question of ‘Why in some cases, an illicit market remains focused on a single commodity, whilst in others it accommodates a combination of illicit commodities?’ This study identifies different types of wildlife-drugs linkages, including combined contraband, camouflage, multiple trade lines, shared smuggling routes and transportation methods, barter trade, and laundering drug money. The article shows that illicit markets are complex and the examples of activities and transactions that are provided illuminate some of the different dimensions of converging and diverging trades involving wildlife and drugs.
Orders of automorphisms of smooth plane curves for the automorphism groups to be cyclic
Authors: Hayashi Taro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor a fixed integer $$d\ge 4$$

d
≥
4

, the list of groups that appear as automorphism groups of smooth plane curves whose degree is d is unknown, except for $$d=4$$

d
=
4

or 5. Harui showed a certain characteristic about structures of automorphism groups of smooth plane curves. Badr and Bars began to study for certain orders of automorphisms and try to obtain exact structures of automorphism groups of smooth plane curves. In this paper, based on the result of T. Harui, we extend Badr–Bars study for different and new cases, mainly for the cases of cyclic groups that appear as automorphism groups.
Transfer of resistance against soil-borne wheat mosaic virus from Triticum monococcum to hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum)
Authors: Schlegel R. , Pankovic D. , Koch F. , Ordon F. , Kastirr U. , Perovic D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResistance to soil-borne viruses as Soil-borne Wheat Mosaic Virus (SBWMV) has gained evident importance in wheat research and breeding. Very few varieties of bread and durum wheat are resistant to these viruses. Search for new sources of SBWMV is conducted worldwide and loci causing resistance have been described on the B and D genomes of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. In the present study, a gene locus was identified on the A genome of Triticum monococcum and was successfully transferred to hexaploid wheat. In hexaploid wheat, it is expressed in a stable dominant manner. As this is the first SBWMV resistance gene located on the A genome, this locus is proposed as Sbm3.
Multi-strategy engineering greatly enhances provitamin A carotenoid accumulation and stability in Arabidopsis seeds
Authors: Sun Tianhu , Zhu Qinlong , Wei Ziqing , Owens Lauren A. , Fish Tara , Kim Hyojin , Thannhauser Theodore W. , Cahoon Edgar B. , Li Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStaple grains with low levels of provitamin A carotenoids contribute to the global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and therefore are the main targets for provitamin A biofortification. However, carotenoid stability during both seed maturation and postharvest storage is a serious concern for the full benefits of carotenoid biofortified grains. In this study, we utilized Arabidopsis as a model to establish carotenoid biofortification strategies in seeds. We discovered that manipulation of carotenoid biosynthetic activity by seed-specific expression of Phytoene synthase (PSY) increases both provitamin A and total carotenoid levels but the increased carotenoids are prone to degradation during seed maturation and storage, consistent with previous studies of provitamin A biofortified grains. In contrast, stacking with Orange (ORHis), a gene that initiates chromoplast biogenesis, dramatically enhances provitamin A and total carotenoid content and stability. Up to 65- and 10-fold increases of β-carotene and total carotenoids, respectively, with provitamin A carotenoids composing over 63% were observed in the seeds containing ORHis and PSY. Co-expression of Homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) with ORHis and PSY further increases carotenoid accumulation and stability during seed maturation and storage. Moreover, knocking-out of β-carotene hydroxylase 2 (BCH2) by CRISPR/Cas9 not only potentially facilitates β-carotene accumulation but also minimizes the negative effect of carotenoid over production on seed germination. Our findings provide new insights into various processes on carotenoid accumulation and stability in seeds and establish a multiplexed strategy to simultaneously target carotenoid biosynthesis, turnover, and stable storage for carotenoid biofortification in crop seeds.
Time among the taunted: The moderating effect of time perspective on bullying victimization and self‐esteem in adolescents☆
Authors: Moon Julia , Mello Zena R. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionBullying victimization is detrimental to psychosocial wellbeing in adolescents. It is paramount that factors that mitigate the harmful effects of bullying victimization be identified. Time perspective may be a potential mechanism. Thus, we examined the moderating effect of time perspective on the associations between traditional and cyberbullying victimization (being bullied in person and on electronic media) and self‐esteem in adolescents. Time perspective refers to feelings and thoughts about the past, present, and future. We examined time feelings (positive and negative feelings about the time periods), time frequency (frequency of thoughts about the time periods), and time relation (the perceived relationship among the time periods).MethodsTwo cross‐sectional survey studies were conducted. Study 1 examined traditional bullying victimization in 721 American adolescents (Mage = 15.84, SD = 1.20; 57% female). Study 2 examined cyberbullying victimization in 190 American adolescents (Mage = 15.83, SD = 1.28; 59% female).ResultsHierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that time perspective dimensions moderated the associations between high levels of traditional and cyberbullying victimization and self‐esteem in adolescents who (a) had strong positive and weak negative feelings about the present and future (time feelings); (b) thought a little about the past (time frequency); or (c) perceived all time periods as interrelated (time relation).ConclusionsTime perspective dimensions (feelings, frequency, and relation) moderated the associations between traditional and cyberbullying victimization and self‐esteem in adolescents. Findings have implications for bullying victimization prevention efforts. Findings also demonstrate the multidimensional and multi‐temporal qualities of time perspective.
Sexual Health Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob-Gyn) Residencies—A Resident Physician Survey
Authors: Worly Brett , Manriquez Maria , Stagg Amy , Blanchard May Hsieh , Ogburn Tony , Carson Sandra Ann , Woodland Mark B. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany women will experience a sexual health concern and present to their Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob-Gyn) care provider, yet a large portion of graduating Ob-Gyn resident physicians in the United States may not feel comfortable helping patients with some sexual health issues.AimTo perform a cross-sectional study of U.S. Ob-Gyn resident physicians that assesses sexual health education didactic sessions and comfort level with sexual health clinical vignettes.MethodsA 32-item anonymous survey was sent to all 4,065 Ob-Gyn residents on June 7, 2016. Respondents voluntarily completed the survey electronically.OutcomesThe primary outcome measures are the comfort level of Ob-Gyn resident physicians in taking a sexual history and providing counseling to patients represented in clinical vignettes, which were based on sexual health learning objectives from the Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG).RESULTSOf the 4,065 eligible U.S. examinees, 968 (23.8%) agreed to participate in the study, and 802 (19.7%) completed the survey and were included in the final analysis. Nearly two-thirds of the residents indicated that sexual health training was a priority in residency. However, more than half were not able to describe the disorders of sexual function or list common medications that effect sexual function. When posed with clinical vignettes, residents felt very comfortable obtaining a sexual history (98.5%) and providing counseling (97.0%) for a 16-year-old seeking contraception, yet fewer felt very comfortable obtaining a history and providing counseling for a 26-year-old who is a refugee from Somalia (77.2% and 73.8%). Smaller cohorts felt prepared to take a sexual history and provide counseling for a 17-year-old who discloses that she is a victim of sex trafficking (61.2% and 57.7%), and for a 58-year-old transgender patient planning hormone therapy and surgery (49.9% and 37.9%). In logistic regression analysis, the factors that were influential in an Ob-Gyn resident physician’s program to prepare them to describe the disorders of sexual function were post-graduate year (OR 1.387, 95% CI 1.189, 1.618; P = .0001), those that rated the importance of a sexual health curriculum highly (OR 0.701, 95% CI 0.569, 0.864; P = .0012), and a greater number of didactic sessions on sexual health in the residency curriculum (OR 0.685, 95% CI 0.626, 0.750; P &lt; .0001).CONCLUSIONThese findings highlight strengths in the comfort of Ob-Gyn resident physicians about sexual health and illustrate areas of opportunity to engage resident learners by improving the sexual health curriculum.
THE BEAUTIFUL GIRL: AN EROTIC READING OF SOCRATES’ FIRST ARGUMENT IN PLATO'S HIPPIAS MAJOR
Authors: Gold Solveig Lucia 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis article looks to Attic comedy to explain Socrates’ first argument in Plato's Hippias Major: his refutation of Hippias’ claim that the Beautiful is a beautiful girl. As part of his argument, Socrates introduces three examples of beautiful things—a mare (θήλεια ἵππος), a lyre (λύρα) and a pot (χύτρα)—all of which are used in comedy as metaphorical obscenities for sexualized women. The author contends that an erotic reading of the text accomplishes what no other interpretation can: (1) a unified account of the passage that (2) allows for Socrates’ successful refutation of (3) a proposal in keeping with Hippias’ character. In addition, it explains (4) Socrates’ choice of examples—in particular, the rarely cited χύτρα—and (5) Hippias’ otherwise inexplicable reaction to the χύτρα, as well as (6) the analogous relationship of monkeys and men to pots and girls.
Fulminant intracranial hypertension as a result of otological surgery: case report and discussion of management
Authors: Morris A , Higgins J N , Axon P R 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDural venous sinus injury is a rare complication of otological surgery that can lead to life-threatening sequelae, the management of which is complex and poorly described.Case reportThis paper describes the case of a 40-year-old female who underwent routine right myringoplasty complicated by sigmoid sinus laceration. The patient subsequently developed right-sided lateral sinus thrombosis leading to fulminant intracranial hypertension. The patient underwent successful emergency management by surgical reconstruction of the sigmoid sinus, followed by endovascular thrombolysis, catheter balloon angioplasty and endovascular stenting.ConclusionTorrential haemorrhage following otological procedures is uncommon and rarely requires packing of a bleeding venous sinus. This case highlights that injury to a highly dominant venous sinus can lead to venous outflow obstruction and life-threatening intracranial hypertension. To our knowledge, the development of this complication following otological surgery and its management has not been reported previously.
First record of swimming speed of the Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus using a baited camera array
Authors: Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Yasuyuki , Sato Takumi , Kawato Masaru , Tsuchida Shinji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus is one of the largest predators in deep Suruga Bay, Japan. A single individual of the sleeper shark (female, ~300 cm in total length) was observed with two baited camera systems deployed simultaneously on the deep seafloor in the bay. The first arrival was recorded 43 min after the deployment of camera #1 on 21 July 2016 at a depth of 609 m. The shark had several remarkable features, including the snout tangled in a broken fishing line, two torn anteriormost left-gill septums, and a parasitic copepod attached to each eye. The same individual appeared at camera #2, which was deployed at a depth of 603 m, ~37 min after it disappeared from camera #1 view. Finally, the same shark returned to camera #1 ~31 min after leaving camera #2. The distance between the two cameras was 436 m, and the average groundspeed and waterspeed of the shark were 0.21 and 0.25 m s−1, respectively, which were comparable with those of the Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus (0.22–0.34 m s−1) exhibiting the slowest comparative swimming speed among fish species adjusted for size. The ambient water temperature of the Pacific sleeper shark was 5.3 °C, which is considerably higher than that of the Greenland shark (~2 °C). Such a low swimming speed might be explained by the ‘visual interactions hypothesis’, but it is not a consequence of the negative effects of cold water on their locomotor organs.