bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturing Putatively Obligate Epizoic Diatoms: Insights for the Evolution and Ecology of Diatoms and Their Host
Authors: Ashworth Matt , Majewska Roksana , Frankovich Thomas A , Sullivan Michael , Bosak Sunčica , Filek Klara , de Vijver Bart Van , Arendt Michael , Schwenter Jeffrey , Nel Ronel , Robinson Nathan J. , Gary Meagan P. , Theriot Edward C. , Stacy Nicole I. , Lam Daryl W. , Perrault Justin R. , Manire Charles A. , Manning Schonna R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Our understanding of the importance of microbiomes on large aquatic animals—such as whales, sea turtles and manatees—has advanced considerably in recent years. Recent activity describing the epizoic diatoms growing on marine vertebrates suggests that these epibiotic diatom communities constitute diverse, polyphyletic, and compositionally stable assemblages that include both putatively obligate epizoic and generalist species. Here, we outline a successful attempt to culture putatively obligate epizoic diatoms without their hosts and propose further applications and research avenues in this growing area of study. Results: We cultured cells of epizoic diatoms from multiple host species sampled in the wild and captivity. Analyzing the DNA sequences of these cultures, we found that several unique diatom taxa have independently evolved to occupy in epibiotic habitats. We created a library of reference sequence data for use in metabarcoding surveys of sea turtle and manatee microbiomes that will further facilitate the use of environmental DNA for studying host specificity in epizoic diatoms and the utility of diatoms as indicators of host ecology and health. Conclusions: Our discovery that epizoic diatoms can be cultured independently from their hosts raises several questions about the nature of the interaction between these diatom species and their hosts. We encourage the interdisciplinary community working with marine megafauna to consider including diatom sampling and diatom analysis into their routine practices.
The Neuroprotective Effect of l-Borneolum on Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Regulating Dll4/Notch1 Pathway
Authors: Dong Taiwei , Chen Nian , Ma Rong , Xie Qian , Guo Xiaoqing , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aiml-Borneolum is a monoterpene compound witch deserved from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of l-borneolum on cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) rats and provide evidence for the development of l-borneolum in CIS.MethodsPermanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model rats were applied to this study. Neurological function was assessed by modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) and Longa neurological function scoring methods. The pathological changes of cerebral tissue were evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Ultrastructure of blood brain barrier (BBB) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the expression of Notch1, Dll4, Hey1, Hes1, Hes5, VEGFA and p65 in the cortex were determined by Western blotting (WB) while expression of caspase 3 were determined by immunohistochemical method (IHC). Resultsl-Borneolum improved neurological function in a dose-dependently. l-Borneolum significantly alleviated brainstem edema and inflammation, as well as improved the ultrastructure of capillary and BBB in cortex. Moreover, 0.2 g/kg l-borneolum substantially decreased the protein expressions of Dll4, Notch1, Hes1, Hes5, and VEGFA in the cortex while decreased the level of Caspase-3 in the cortex of rats. Conclusions﻿l-Borneolum could repair neurological function by regulating Dll4/Notch1 signaling pathway.
Impact of Unintended Initial Dissection of the Posterior Plane on Surgery Time During Small Incision Lenticule Extraction Surgery
Authors: Zheng Ke , Han Yinan , Wang Jing , Han Tian , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: To study the impact of unintended initial dissection of the posterior plane (UIDPP) on operation time and surgical outcomes during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery.Methods: Based on the SMILE procedure video, the operating eyes were assigned to the normal and UIDPP groups according to the presence or absence of UIDPP signals during surgery. The UIDPP group was further separated into early and late detection. Patient's demographic data, preoperative evaluation data, operation time and postoperative outcomes were collected.Results: Sixty-six patients who underwent SMILE were included, with 24 patients with UIDPP (13 in the early detection group and 11 in the late group). The optical zone was smaller (median 6.5 vs. 6.6, P=0.007), and the operation time was longer (median, 189.5 vs. 91.0 s, P<0.001) in the UIDPP group compared with controls. There were significant differences in operation time between the late detection group and early detection group (median, 489.0 vs. 139.0 s, P<0.05) and between the late detection group and normal group (489.0 vs. 91.0 s, P<0.05), while the optical zone was different only between the late detection and normal groups (median, 6.6 vs. 6.5, P<0.05). Conclusion: The occurrence of UIDPP will increase the surgery time of SMILE. Detecting IUDPP earlier could help shorten the operation time.
The Effect of Weed Management on Seed Banks in Paddy Rice Fields
Authors: Sumekar Yayan , Widayat Dedi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Weeds are one of the problems in rice plants, so the presence of weeds in rice fields must be controlled. Different ways of managing weeds on agricultural land can affect the seed bank of weeds in the soil. This study aims to determine differences in weed seed banks due to differences in weed management, especially the use of herbicides in lowland rice. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Training and Development Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung Regency, Indonesia from May–July 2020. The study used a paddy field plot consisting of intensive, less intensive use of herbicides and non-herbicide use. This research was conducted with survey and descriptive methods to see the type and composition of weeds at a certain depth and to see differences in seed banks. Observations were made including analysis of weed vegetation, community coefficients, weed diversity, weed dominance and differences in seed bank from depth. The results showed that there were 7 weed species found, namely Rorippa palustris, Monochoria vaginalis, Leptochloa chinensis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Eclipta prostate, Lindernia procumbens, and Marchantia polymorpha. Weed management with herbicides is proven to reduce weed populations that grow.
A Pioneer Study on a Non-invasive Method for in Ovo Chicken Egg Sexing.
Authors: Ching Congo Tak Shing , Wang Chien-Kai , Li Chin , Chiu Hsuan-Ni , Hieu Nguyen Van , Phan Thien Luan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Day-old male chicks culling is one of the world most inhumane problems in the poultry industry. Every year, seven billions of male chicks are being killed in laying-hen hatcheries, due to their higher feed exchange rate, lower management compare to female ones and production costs. This work reports a novel non-invasive method for the gender identification of chicken eggs. Four electrodes were attached onto each egg during the incubation process for the data gathering period of fourteen days. Standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based chicken gender determination protocol was applied to the eggs on the last day of the incubation process to get the gender information. Result: A relationship between the collected data and the gender of the egg was built, and it was found to have a reliable connection, indicating that by measure the impedance data of the eggs from day 9 of incubation with the four electrodes setting and applying the self-normalization technique, we can determine the chicken egg gender.Conclusion: This is a pioneer founding, proving that impedance spectroscopy can be use to sexing of chicken eggs, before its life has been formed, relieving the poultry industry from such an ethical burden.
Demethylation of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein2( SFRP2) Promoter Upregulates Wnt/β-Catenin Activity in Endometriosis
Authors: Yang Mei , Jiang Chunfan , Li Lin , Huang Xiaojie , Xing Hui , Hong Li 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signalling contributes to the metastasis and invasion in the etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis (EMS), but why the WNT pathway is dysregulated in EMS remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of demethylation of SFRP2 promoter on the Wnt/β-catenin activity in EMS. Aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes were identified from GEO database microarray data. 5 ectopic endometrium and 5 normal endometrium were get, subsequently, ectopic endometrium epithelial cells (EEECs) and normal endometrium epithelial cells (NEECs) were isolated in vitro. MSP, BSP, luciferase reporter assay, Lentivirus infection of high expression of SFRP2 gene vector, low expression of DNMT1 gene vector, and 5-Aza stimulation, RT-PCR and western blot were performed in the tissues or cells. It was found that compared with the normal endometrium and NEECs, the RNA and protein expression levels of SFRP2 were significantly increased while the SFRP2 promoter was demethylated in ectopic endometrium and EEECs. The 5-Aza treatment significantly upregulated SFRP2 mRNA and protein levels in EEECs. Furthermore, after the knockdown of DNMT1 expression, the demethylation of the SFRP2 promoter and upregulation of SFRP2 mRNA and protein in EEECs were observed. Meanwhile, the expression of lentivirus carrying SFRP2 cDNA up-regulates the activity of Wnt signaling and the protein expression of β-catenin in EEECs. In summary, the increased SFRP2 expression-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling due to the demethylation of the SFRP2 promoter plays an important role in the pathogenesis of EMS, suggesting that SFRP2 might be a therapeutic target for EMS treatment.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Limited Brain Metastasis using Three Different Techniques; Helical Tomotherapy, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy, and Cone-Based Linac Radiosurgery.
Authors: Jia-Mahasap Bongkot , Madla Chakri , Sri Patumrat , Chitapanarux Imjai , Tharavichitkul Ekkasit , Chakrabandhu Somvilai , Klunklin Pitchayaponne , Onchan Wimrak 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Specific radiation delivered to the tumor by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become widely used in the treatment of brain metastasis. This study aimed to compare radiation dosimetry and its parameters from SRS using three different modalities: Helical Tomotherapy (HT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), and Cone-based Linac Radiosurgery (Cone-based). Methods: Patients who had experienced oligo-brain metastasis received SRS in our treatment center. Each contouring dataset was re-planned to create radiation dosimetry in all three treatment systems (HT, VMAT, and Cone-based). The parameters of conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), CI50, and gradient index (CGI) were analyzed to compare the effects of the three techniques. Results: A total of 21 patients with 39 lesions were included in this study. For single lesion, Cone-based and VMAT revealed statistically identical CI, CI50, and CGI values, while exhibiting the poorest HI value. For multiple lesions, Cone-based provided the best CI50 and CGI values. VMAT displayed better CI50 and CGI values than HT. Moreover, VMAT exhibited the lowest BrainV5Gy value and displayed the shortest beam on time (BoT) calculation. Lastly, Decision Score analysis demonstrated better performance in VMAT when compared to the Cone-based approach. Conclusions: Our data indicated the dosimetric comparison between three radiation techniques for single and multiple lesions. The Cone-based technique revealed the poorest HI value. On the other hand, VMAT provided the best estimated BoT value. Moreover, we have reported on the feasibility of SRS using HT, which has been associated with well-tolerability and an acceptable level of radiation output.Trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) ID No. TCTR20200803006Date of registration: 24 July 2020 (Retrospectively registered)URL: http://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20200803006
Effect of Fermented Traditional Chinese Prescription With Lactobacillus Plantarum on Dysbacteriotic Diarrhea Mice Induced by Ceftriaxone Sodium
Authors: Guo Xin , Yan Zipeng , Wang Jixiang , Fan Xinfeng , Kang Jie , Niu Ruiyan , Sun Zilong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Buzhongyiqi decoction (B), Sijunzi decoction (S), and Shenlingbaizhu decoction (SH) have been extensively clinically used for the treatment of health status and diseases caused by spleen-qi deficiency for many years and microbial fermentation has been widely applied in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in China. This study was aimed to investigate the mitigative effect of TCM and fermented TCM (FTCM) with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), and identify the compounds of S and Fermented S (FS). Methods: The dysbacteriotic diarrhea mice induced by ceftriaxone sodium (CS) were treated with LP, B, S, SH, Fermented B, S, and SH. The diarrhea indexes, the abundance of some gut bacteria, intestinal morphometrics, and the mRNA expressions related to intestinal barrier function were assessed at multilevels. In addition, S and FS were chosen to identify and relatively quantify the compounds by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS), and different expressed compounds were analysed. Results: Results showed that CS significantly increased the fecal output weight, the total number of fecal output, and fecal water content, indicating the occurrence of diarrhea, while TCM, LP, and FTCM alleviated the diarrhea to different degrees and FTCM showed more sustained effects. Then, bacterial culture test showed above symptoms were accompanied with the disruption of some intestinal flora. Meanwhile, the diarrhea mice showed abnormal intestinal morphology and destroyed intestinal barrier manifested as reduced mRNA expression of Aquaporins (AQPs) and tight junction (TJ) protein. Notably, the above indices were alleviated in other treatments mice.Conclusions: All these findings imply that the intestinal side effects caused by antibiotics can be alleviated by TCM, LP, and fermented TCM through regulating the intestinal flora and barrier function, which provides an idea of further development and application of them in the clinical use of antibiotics.
Arc eruptions deliver ‘first blow’ in the pulsed end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Chapman Timothy , Milan Luke , Metcalfe Ian , Blevin Phil , Crowley James 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Brief pulses of intense magmatic activity (flare-ups) along convergent margins represent drivers for climatic excursions that can lead to major extinction events. However, correlating volcanic outpouring to environmental crises in the geological past is often difficult due to poor preservation of volcanic sequences. Herein, we present a high-fidelity, CA-TIMS U–Pb zircon record of an end-Permian flare-up event in Eastern Australia, that involved the eruption of >39,000–150,000 km3 of silicic magma in c. 4.21 million years. A correlated high-resolution tephra record (c. 260–249 Ma) in the proximal sedimentary basins suggests recurrence of eruptions from the volcanic field in intervals of ~51,000–145,000 years. Peak eruption activity at 253 Ma is chronologically associated with the pulsed stages of the Permian mass extinction event. The ferocity of the 253 Ma eruption cycle in Eastern Australia is identified as a driver of greenhouse crises and ecosystem stress that led to the reduction in diversity of genera and the demise of the Glossopteris Forests. Simultaneous global continental margin arc flare-up events could thus present an additional agent to trigger greenhouse warming and ecosystem stress that preceded the catastrophic eruption of the Siberian Traps.
Remote Limb Ischemic Postconditioning Ameliorated Microglia-Mediated Inflammation Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion through Modulating Microglial Activation and Polarization via TLR4 Pathway
Authors: Huang Dan , Zhang Leyuan , Zhong Jiaju , Zou Youli , Yuan Guanghong , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Accumulating researches have indicated that remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RIPC) mediates neuroprotection by inhibition inflammatory response against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which is proved to correlated with microglial activation and polarization. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, middle cerebral artery occlusion /reperfusion model in Sprague-Dawley rats were conducted and treated with vehicle or RIPC immediately after reperfusion. Infarct size, and neurological scores were performed to asses stroke outcomes for 7 days. Brain damage and neuronal survival were detected using HE and Nissl staining. ELISA, western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining were utilized to evaluate inflammatory response, neuronal apoptosis, and microglial activation and polarization to M1- or M2-subtypes respectively. Results showed that RIPC significantly attenuated infarct size at 3d and alleviated the neurological deficits of rats at 3d and 7d post-ischemia. Furthermore, RIPC decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-β, TNF-α and neuronal loss, and increased expression of cytokines IL-10 and Bcl-2. In addition, RIPC suppressed microglial activation and promoted microglial polarization to M2 type along with downregulation of TLR4 expression. These results suggested that RIPC was neuroprotective against ischemic stroke by modulating the activation of microglia/macrophages and encouraging polarization to M2 phenotype possibly through TLR4 signaling pathway.
Vaping-related news events and their relationship with sentiment in the online vaping environment: A computational interrupted time series analysis with large-scale public data
Authors: Kumar Navin , Janmohamed Kamila 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Vaping-related news coverage may have furthered misconceptions around the relative harms of vapes. Also, some positive opinions around vaping may be derived from misinformation, perhaps creating inimical health outcomes. Thus, we need to study how vaping-related news events (e.g. 2019 vaping illness epidemic, COVID-19) are associated with sentiment in the online vaping environment, to better understand how to promote vaping as a potential harm reduction technique for those who smoke and are unable to quit, and to minimize vape-centric misinformation that could lead to reduced health outcomes. Methods: We obtained vaping-related online data through web-scraping several online environments from August 1 2019 - April 21 2020. Sentiment analysis was performed to understand changes in sentiment in the online vaping environment in relation to vaping-related events, such as the Trump administration's planned ban on flavored vaping products, and when COVID-19 was first reported to the WHO. Results: For all online environments, we observed a statistically significant negative association of 15% (Estimate: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03; P: 0.01) between sentiment score and the Trump administration's move towards a ban on flavored vaping products, and a statistically significant positive association of 7% between sentiment score (Estimate: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.14; P: 0.02) and when COVID-19 was first reported to the WHO (December 31 2019). Conclusions: News events may be related to sentiment in the online vaping environment, depending on the event. Depending on the nature of the event, we suggest that public health messaging may improve health outcomes.
The interaction of migration range, regional economic development level on social capital and public health services of internal migrants: evidence from the China Migrant Dynamic Survey in 2017
Authors: Yang Zhen , Jiang Cheng-hua , Hu Jiansheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies have confirmed that migration range (MR), regional economic development level (REDL) and social capital have impacts on the internal migrants' (IMs') accessibility of National Essential Public Health Services (NEPHS), but no research has explored the interaction of the four variables. Method: A cross-sectional sample of 115412 IMs from the China Migrant Dynamic Survey in 2017 was selected. The sampling method was layered, multi-stage, and probability proportional to size. Logistic regression was conducted by SPSS22.0, sex, residence duration, community type, and education as the control variables, REDL and MR as the moderating variables, social capital as independent variable and awareness of NEPHS and registration of health records (RHR) as the dependent variables. Results: In high income provinces (HIPs), the intra-provincial IMs' CSC, civic participation, social participation, NEPHS awareness and RHR were 4.73±1.736, 49.3%, 55.3%, 61.1%, and 31.9%, and the inter-provincial IMs' levels were 4.01±1.713, 40.5%, 47.2%, 54.6%, and 26.8%; In low-and middle- income provinces (LMIPs), the intra-provincial and inter-provincial IMs' levels were 5.13±1.767, 46.1%, 48.1%, 65.6%, 35.5%, and 5.02±1.775, 41.5%, 41.5%, 62.06%, 34.1%, respectively. In the complete regression model, the interaction of MR, REDL and CSC was not significant, while the interaction of MR, REDL and SSC was significant. In the group regression model, the ORs of CSC, civic participation, and social participation were significantly greater than 1 both in HIPs and LMIPs. However, the interaction of MR and SSC was significant in HIPs but not significant in LMIPs. Conclusions: The social capital and NEPHS utilization of inter-provincial IMs was significantly lower than that of intra-provincial IMs, and these gaps were more prominent in HIPs. Social capital had a positive effect on IMs' NEPHS utilization, and this effect was significantly moderated by MR and REDL. The next focus of the equalization of public services should be the primary health resources supply and the IMs' social capital construction of HIPs.
Refractive Errors and Strabismus In Patients with Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Artuso Camille Catarina , Fernandes Ana Kelly , Hopker Luisa Moreira , Fernandes Ricardo Mokross , Freitas Renato da Silva , de Castro Luis Ricardo Antunes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and strabismus in patients with orofacial clefts. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 54 patients with orofacial clefts between August 2018 and March 2020. A complete eye examination was performed, including visual acuity assessment on a logMAR scale, anterior biomicroscopy, cycloplegic refraction, eye motility examination, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results: The mean age of the patients at presentation was 9.47 years. Twentythree (42.59%) patients had isolated cleft palate (CP), 10 (18.52%) had cleft lip (CL), and 21 (38.89%) had cleft lip and palate (CLP). The mean spherical equivalent was 1.30D (±1.56) in CL, 0.32D (±2.24) in CLP, and 0.62D (±3.76) in CP. The prevalence of refractive error, either spherical or cylinder >0.5 was 88%. The most common refractive error was hyperopia (60%), followed by astigmatism (54%) and myopia (16%). Overall, 52.63% of the patients were prescribed glasses. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups with respect to the need for prescription of glasses (p=0.6753). There were 15 patients with some type of strabismus, and other ophthalmological changes were observed in 13 patients. Conclusion: In this population with orofacial clefts, the prevalence of refractive errors and strabismus was 88% and 22%, respectively.