bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Probiotic Lactobacillus Plantarum Strain Isolated from Traditional Dairy Showed The Synergistic Effect on Aflatoxin B1 Detoxification Along with Nanochitosan Particles
Authors: Zamani Neda , Sepahi Abbas Akhavan , Fazeli Mohammad Reza , Shariatmadari Farid 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Reduction of aflatoxin toxins in food products is of great importance. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of new Lactobacillus plantarum strain isolated from dairy products as well as chitosan nanoparticles were studied on reducing of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity in vitro.Methods: After collection and preparation yogurt, cheese, milk and whey products, lactic acid bacteria (LABs) were isolated and identified using biochemical and molecular methods. To measure probiotic activity, pH, bile and salt tolerance tests were used. Then, the antimicrobial activity of LABs against gastrointestinal pathogens was studied. Next, the cheese-separated strain (C1) was selected as the superior strain and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Then, the effect of C1 isolate and chitosan nanoparticles on reducing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the medium was studied by measuring AFB1 using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: The results of biochemical evaluations indicated the separation of different strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. Antimicrobial activity test showed extensive antimicrobial activity of C1 isolate. The results showed that this strain has good probiotic activities. This strain was shown to be resistant to the antibiotics erythromycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, ofloxacin and vancomycin. C1 strain together with chitosan nanoparticles had the ability to reduce AFB1 in the medium and when both were used simultaneously, and synergistic effect in reducing AFB1 from the medium was seen.Conclusion: In general, it was concluded that the new C1 L. plantarum strains together with chitosan nanoparticles could have synergistic effects in reducing AFB1 toxin in food products.
Nutritional and Fungal Load Dynamics of Fresh Brewers’ Grain Stored Under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Degefu Getu Kitaw , Faji Mulisa , Terefe Geberemariyam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the amplest by-product of the brewing process. Fresh BSG is currently used as low-cost cattle feed due to its microbiological instability and high perishability. While recent research has looked the effects of storage time and temperature on the characteristics of wet brewers grains (WBG) as ruminant feeds. Three storage temperatures (15°C, 20°C, and 25°C) and periods (2, 4 and 6 days) were arranged in a 3×3 factorial design. Surface spoilage was not apparent at 15 °C throughout the storage periods. Deterioration was not also observed at 20 °C until the fourth day of storage where slight mold growth was apparent. Extensive mold growth was detected late in the sixth day at 20° C and continued manifestations up until the last day of storage at 25°C. Changes in major nutrients, DM losses, and yeast and mold colony count were significantly affected by the interaction of storage temperatures and durations (P<0.05). Except for samples stored at 15° C, nutrients contents decreased concomitantly (exceptions are ADF, lignin, and loss in DM) with prolonged storage times (p<0.05) and increasing temperatures (p<0.05). Contrast analysis indicated that it would be safe to store under aerobic storage conditions and feed the WBG for dairy cattle.
A Novel Modified Cotton Fabric with Durable Anti-Fouling Performance for Separation of Surfactant-stabilized Oil-in-water Emulsions
Authors: Yang Pu , Hu Ruimin , Bin Yu , Sun Yiwei , Liu Yiping , Lu Ming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Membrane applications for the separation of surfactant-stabilized emulsions are often constrained by a deficiency in permeability and anti-fouling properties. Herein, special wetted cotton fabric with a protective layer (P-MH@CF) for durable anti-fouling performance was designed by a two-step method, which was related to interfacial ion migration technology and unilateral spraying treatment. In detail, the immobilization of magnesium hydroxide caused the formation of the rough micro/nano structure of the cotton fabric surface. The stearic acid acted as a protective layer, like a quilt, protecting the membrane from contamination. Permeability of water and separation performance of P-MH@CF membrane were investigated systematically. For emulsion stabilized by SDS (SDS/Oil/H2O), the separation flux driven by gravity was approximately 500 L m -2 h -1 , and all separation efficiencies were over 99.3 %. CTAB/Oil/H2O emulsion and the Tween-60/Oil/H2O emulsion also could be successfully separated with high separation efficiency and separation flux. During the whole separation process, the oil droplets surrounded by surfactants were difficult to demulsify and gathered physically on the surface of the fabric to form a "creamy layer", which could be cleaned off so that the P-MH@CF membrane was not contaminated. In addition, the P-MH@CF membrane exhibited robust reusability for separation, which was promising for the remediation of oily wastewater containing surfactants.
Triple-negative breast cancer in children: a case report
Authors: SHI Lexiang , Chi Chengtao , Zhang Yinan , Sun Zhongwen , Yang Wenxian , Zhang Yuchi , Wu Jingcheng , Li Jinping , Zhang Wanli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is often considered a breast tumor with a poor prognosis that lacks or decreases the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). It tends to occur in middle-aged and older women, and cases of TNBC in children are rarely reported.
Methods
We report a case of basal-like TNBC in a child at our hospital and review the related literature.
Results

Based on the patient's condition we performed a local mass excision, and despite the postoperative pathological diagnosis of TNBC, this case of basic TNBC had a good prognosis and was very different from conventional basic TNBC in many ways.
Conclusions

Although secretory breast cancer is a subtype of basal-like TNBC, it has its peculiarities and is completely different from basal-like TNBC. There is a need to raise awareness of the disease, select individualized treatment options, and prevent medical errors.
Establishing a Risk Assessment Framework for Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Authors: Conlon Thomas W. , Yousef Nadya , Colungo Juan Mayordomo , Tissot Cecile , Fraga Maria V. , Bhombal Shazia , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Villanueva Alberto Medina , Siassi Brijan , Singh Yogen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) refers to the use of portable ultrasound (US) applications at the bedside, performed directly by the treating physician, for either diagnostic or procedure guidance purposes. It is being rapidly adopted by traditionally non-imaging medical specialties across the globe. Recent international evidence-based guidelines on POCUS for critically ill neonates and children were issued by the POCUS Working Group of the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC). Currently there are no standardized national or international guidelines for its implementation into clinical practice or even the training curriculum to monitor quality assurance. Further, there are no definitions or methods of POCUS competency measurement across its varied clinical applications.The Hippocratic Oath suggests medical providers do no harm to their patients. In our continued quest to uphold this value, providers seeking solutions to clinical problems must often weigh the benefit of an intervention with the risk of harm to the patient. Technologies to guide diagnosis and medical management present unique considerations when assessing possible risk to the patient. Frequently risk extends beyond the patient and impacts providers and the institutions in which they practice. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an emerging technology increasingly incorporated in the care of children across varied clinical specialties. Concerns have been raised by clinical colleagues and regulatory agencies regarding appropriate POCUS use and oversight. We present a framework for assessing the risk of POCUS use in pediatrics and suggest methods of mitigating risk to optimize safety and outcomes for patients, providers and institutions.
Numerical investigation and Comparative analysis of tunable graphene-gold metasurface based polarizer structures for infrared frequency
Authors: Sorathiya Vishal , patel shobhit 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the comparative analysis of tunable graphene-based metasurface polarizer structure THz frequency range. This polarizer structures have been numerically investigated over the 10 THz to 25 THz of the frequency range. Reflectance co-efficient, phase variation, and phase difference parameters have been investigated to identify the behavior of polarization effect over the range of 10 THz to 25 THz of the frequency. The proposed polarizer has been also investigated for the different shapes of the top gold resonator structure. The proposed structure is tunable for the range of 0.1 eV to 0.9 eV of the graphene Fermi energy. The proposed structure also works on the wide range of the input incident wave of the X and Y polarization. This structure having small, compact tunable design and it can be used as a basic building block in the large THz circuits and structures.
Corneal Nerve Loss in Patients With TIA and Acute Ischemic Stroke in Relation To Circulating Markers of Inflammation and Vascular Integrity
Authors: Khan Adnan , Parray Aijaz , Akhtar Naveed , Agouni Abdelali , Kamran Saadat , Pananchikkal Sajitha V. , Priyanka Ruth , Gad Hoda , Ponirakis Georgios , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Chen Kuan-Han , Tayyab Kausar , Saqqur Maher , Shuaib Ashfaq , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Vascular and inflammatory mechanisms are implicated in the development of cerebrovascular disease and corneal nerve loss occurs in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We have assessed whether serum markers of inflammation and vascular integrity are associated with the severity of corneal nerve loss in patients with TIA and AIS.
Methods
Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) was performed to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) in 105 patients with TIA or AIS and age matched control subjects (n=56). Circulating levels of IL-6, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-Selectin, P-Selectin and VEGF were quantified in patients within 48 hours of presentation with a TIA or AIS.
Results
CNFL (P=0.000, P=0.000), CNFD (P=0.122, P=0.000) and CNBD (P=0.002, P=0.000) were reduced in patients with TIA and AIS compared to controls, respectively with no difference between patients with AIS and TIA. The NIHSS Score (P=0.000), IL-6 (P=0.011) and E-Selectin (P=0.032) were higher in patients with AIS compared to TIA with no difference in MMP-2 (P=0.636), MMP-9 (P=0.098), P-Selectin (P=0.395) and VEGF (P=0.831). CNFL (r=0.218, P=0.026) and CNFD (r=0.230, P=0.019) correlated with IL-6 and multiple regression analysis showed a positive association of CNFL and CNFD with IL-6 (P=0.041, P=0.043).
Conclusions
Patients with TIA and stroke have evidence of corneal nerve loss and elevated IL6 and E-selectin levels. Larger longitudinal studies are required to determine the association between inflammatory and vascular markers and corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Calpain-TRPC6 Signaling Pathway Contributes to Propofol-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity in Rats
Authors: She Ying-Jun , Xu Hai-Ping , Gao Yin , Wang Qiong , Zheng Jun , Ruan Xiangcai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Compelling experimental evidence suggests a risk of neuronal damage following early childhood exposure to anesthesia and sedation drugs, including propofol. We investigated whether the transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel could protect neonatal rats against developmental neurotoxicity following prolonged exposure to propofol. The potential role of calpain, a neuronal TRPC6 protease, was also investigated.
Methods
Postnatal day 7 rats were exposed to five bolus injections of 25 mg/kg propofol or 10% intralipid at hourly intervals. Acute neuronal injury was assessed by the expression pattern of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick-end labeling staining and cleaved–caspase-3 in the prefrontal cortex. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory functions in later life. Pretreatments consisting of intracerebroventricular injections of a TRPC6 agonist, TRPC6 inhibitor, or calpain inhibitor were used to confirm the potential role of a calpain–TRPC6 pathway.
Results
Prolonged exposure to propofol induced acute neuronal injury, downregulation of TRPC6, and enhancement of calpain activity in the prefrontal cortex up to 24 h after anesthesia. It also induced later behavioral disorders, manifesting as longer escape latency and as fewer platform-crossing times and less time spent in the target quadrant during postnatal days 35–42. These propofol-induced effects were attenuated by TRPC6 agonist and calpain inhibitor while exaggerated by TRPC6 inhibitor. Treatment with calpain inhibitor also attenuated the propofol-induced TRPC6 downregulation in the prefrontal cortex.
Conclusions
A calpain–TRPC6 signaling pathway contributes to propofol-induced acute neuronal injury and long-term behavioral disorders in neonatal rats.
The order of macrophage 4D genome coordinates gene transcription during differentiation and infection
Authors: Cao Gang , Lin Da , Xu Weize , Hong Ping , Wu Chengchao , Zhang Zhihui , Zhang Siheng , Xing Lingyu , Yang Bin , Zhou Wei , Xiao Qin , Wang Jinyue , Wang Cong , He Yu , Man Jiangwei , Wu Xiaofeng , Hao Xingjie , Hu Zhe , Chen Chunli , Cao Zimeng , Yin Rong , Fu Zhen , Li Guoliang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The highly organized three-dimensional genome is crucial for gene transcription. However, it remains elusive how the order of the genome architecture related to its function. Here, we developed a single-cell Hi-C method and proposed TAD “degree of disorder” as a measure of genome organizational patterns, which is correlated with the chromatin epigenetic states, gene expression and co-regulation, and chromatin structure variability in individual cells. Upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, NF-κB enters into the nucleus, binds to the target genome regions and initiates systematic chromatin conformation reorganization. Furthermore, we identified a remote NF-κB enriched enhancer promotes the expression of PD-L1 through chromatin loop, which could be a potential anti-tuberculosis and even anti-tumor therapeutic target. The integrated Hi-C, eQTL, and GWAS analysis depicted the atlas of the long-range target genes of tuberculosis susceptible loci. Among which SNP rs1873613 is located in the anchor of a dynamic chromatin loop with LRRK2, whose inhibitor AdoCbl could be an anti-tuberculosis drug candidate. Our study provides comprehensive resources for the 4D genome of immunocytes and sheds insights into the genome organization order and the coordinated gene transcription.
Longitudinal Assessment of Balance Using Virtual Reality in Patients Receiving Potentially Neurotoxic Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Teng Christina , Chiarovano Elodie , Tighe David Gregory , Bui Kim Tam , Venkatesha Venkatesha , Blinman Prunella L , Macdougall Hamish Gavin , Vardy Janette L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
PurposeChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) commonly affects people treated for cancer, with functional consequences of impaired balance and falls. Virtual reality technology (VR) may be able to assess balance, identifying patients at increased risk of falls. We aimed to assess the impact of neurotoxic chemotherapy on balance and falls risk using VR, and explore whether changes in balance threshold were associated with falls or validated CIPN measures. MethodsWe conducted a prospective, longitudinal cohort study at two Australian oncology centres. Eligible participants were commencing adjuvant chemotherapy containing a taxane for breast cancer, or oxaliplatin for colon cancer. Excluded: insufficient English to complete assessments, VR intolerance, or pre-existing balance disorder. VR balance threshold was recorded at baseline, intervals during chemotherapy, and 3- and 6-months after chemotherapy completion. Additional measures: 1) clinician-graded peripheral sensory neuropathy (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events), 2) Total Neuropathy Score-clinical, 3) patient-reported neuropathy, 4) ‘Timed Up-and-Go’ test, 5) participant-reported falls/near-falls. ResultsOf 34 participants consented, 24 (71%) had breast cancer and 10 (29%) had colon cancer. Compared to baseline, balance threshold worsened in 10/28 (36%) evaluable participants assessed at the end-of-chemotherapy; this persisted in 7/22 (32%) at 6 months. CIPN affected 86% at end of chemotherapy, and 73% at 6-months post-chemotherapy . Falls/near-falls were reported by 12/34 (35%), and associated with impaired balance (p = 0.002). ConclusionVR balance assessment warrants further investigation as a surrogate method to objectively identify patients at risk of falls from CIPN, however was no better at diagnosing CIPN than existing tools. Trial Registration: N/A
Psychological and Emotional Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic on People Living with Chronic Disease: HIV and Cancer
Authors: Focà Emanuele , Fornari Chiara , Arsuffi Stefania , Vetrano Maria Chiara , Calza Stefano , Renzetti Stefano , Copeta Silvia , Berruti Alfredo , Castelli Francesco , Compostella Silvia , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
People living with chronic disease (PLWCD) are the frailest category, both for the risk of severe COVID-19 illness and for the impact on the care continuum. Aim of this study was to analyze coping strategies and resilience in people living with HIV (PLWH) compared to people living with oncological diseases (PLWOD) during COVID-19 pandemic. We administrated an anonymous questionnaire, which explored the emotional experience, the demographic factors linked to a COVID-19-related stress syndrome, the patient’s perception about the adequacy of clinical undertaking from the hospital and the resilience. We analyzed 324 questionnaires. There were no significant differences in prevalence of psychological distress among the whole cohort; however, PLWOD were calmer, less troubled, and more serene than PLWH. Moreover, PLWH smoked more, ate more and gained more weight than PLWOD. Most patients didn’t feel lonely and continued to take pleasure from their activities. No differences in resilience were found between the groups. In the whole cohort lower levels of resilience were found in patients that were unemployed, with history of psychological disorders and in those who experienced more feelings of anger, anxiety and concern. PLWCD had high level of resilience, preserved their well-being, and activated adaptive coping during the pandemic.
Biochemical Profile of Human Infant Cerebrospinal Fluid in Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Post-hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity
Authors: Otun Ayodamola , Morales Diego , Garcia-Bonilla Maria , Goldberg Seth , Castaneyra-Ruiz Leandro , Yan Yan , Isaacs Albert , Strahle Jennifer M. , McAllister James P. , Limbrick David D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) have complex pathophysiology involving inflammatory response, ventricular zone and cell-cell junction disruption, and choroid-plexus (ChP) hypersecretion. Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and blood metabolites have been noted in IVH/PHH, but osmolality and electrolyte disturbances have not been evaluated in human infants with these conditions. We hypothesized that CSF total protein, osmolality, electrolytes, and immune cells increase in PHH.
METHODS
CSF samples were obtained from lumbar punctures in control infants and infants with IVH prior to development of PHH and any neurosurgical intervention. Osmolality, total protein, and electrolytes were measured in 52 infants (18 controls, 10 low grade (LG) IVH, 13 high grade (HG) IVH, and 11 PHH). Serum electrolyte concentrations, and CSF and serum cell counts within 1-day of clinical sampling were obtained from clinical charts. Dunn or Tukey’s post-test ANOVA analysis were used for pair-wise comparisons.
RESULTS
CSF osmolality, sodium, potassium, and chloride were elevated in PHH compared to control (p=0.012 - <0.0001), LGIVH (p=0.023 - <0.0001), and HGIVH (p=0.015 - 0.0003), while magnesium and calcium levels were higher compared to control (p=0.031) and LGIVH (p=0.041). CSF total protein was higher in both HGIVH and PHH compared to control (p=0.0009 and 0.0006 respectively) and LGIVH (p=0.034 and 0.028 respectively). These differences were not reflected in serum electrolyte concentrations nor calculated osmolality across the groups. However, quantitatively, CSF sodium and chloride contributed 86% of CSF osmolality change between control and PHH; and CSF osmolality positively correlated with CSF sodium (r,p=0.55,0.0015), potassium (r,p=0.51,0.0041), chloride (r,p=0.60,0.0004), but not total protein across the entire patient cohort. CSF total cells (p=0.012), total nucleated cells (p=0.0005), and percent monocyte (p=0.016) were elevated in PHH compared to control. Serum white blood cell count increased in PHH compared to control (p=0.042) but there were no differences in serum cell differential across groups. CSF total nucleated cells also positively correlated with CSF osmolality, sodium, potassium, and total protein (p=0.025-0.0008) in the whole cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
CSF osmolality increased in PHH, largely driven by electrolyte changes rather than protein levels. However, serum electrolytes levels were unchanged across groups. CSF osmolality and electrolyte changes were correlated with CSF total nucleated cells which were also increased in PHH, further suggesting PHH is a neuro-inflammatory condition.