bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing scientific worldviews between allopathic medical degree and East Asian medicine degree students utilizing the thinking about science survey instrument (TSSI)
Authors: Dudla Saikaew , Herron Patrick D. , Marantz Paul R. , Milan Felise B. , Campbell Corbin , Anderson Belinda J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntegrative medicine has become a new healthcare model due to the growing evidence base for complementary and integrative therapies. However, some question whether complementary and integrative therapies can truly be integrated with biomedicine due to differences in underlying paradigms and theoretical bases. This study aimed to explore differences in scientific worldviews between students studying East Asian medicine and those completing an allopathic medical degree using the validated Thinking about Science Survey Instrument (TSSI).Methods122 medical students from Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Einstein) and 48 East Asian medicine students from the Pacific College of Health and Science (Pacific College) participated in this study. Participants completed the TSSI, a 60-item Likert-scale instrument that quantitatively measures the sociocultural resistance to, and support for science. Item and category means were compared between each group using an independent sample t-test.ResultsDistinct differences were seen between the two groups of students with regard to age, gender distribution and prior education. Einstein students were generally supportive of science and Pacific College students were generally supportive of/positively neutral to science. Einstein students more strongly affirmed the relationship of science in relation to the categories of Epistemology, Public Health, Emotion and Aesthetics, the Economy, and Public Policy. Pacific College students more strongly affirmed the relationship between science and the category Race and Gender. There were no differences in the categories of Environment and Resource, Science for All, and Religion and Morality.ConclusionThis study suggests that there are differences underlying the scientific worldviews of Einstein and Pacific College students, particularly with regard to Epistemology and Public Health. Such differences may be related to the different theoretical knowledge bases and ways of viewing health within the two disciplines. Despite demographic and educational differences between the two groups their overall scientific worldviews were similar with neither group expressing disparate views. This suggests that both groups may be receptive to the value of other paradigms. Providing courses that focus on different therapeutic approaches and paradigms during medical training may foster interprofessional understanding and collaborative practice between health professionals of different medical disciplines.
Chronic exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonate leads to a reproduction deficit by suppressing hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in mice
Authors: Yin Xiaorui , Di Tingting , Cao Xinyuan , Liu Zhengnan , Xie Jingyan , Zhang Suyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPerfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a six-carbon perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid found as an environmental contaminant. This study aims to investigate the effects of PFHxS exposure on female reproduction and the underlying mechanism in mice.MethodsEight-week-old ICR mice were divided randomly into four groups administered corn oil (vehicle) and PFHxS at doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg/day for 42 days by intragastric administration. Body weight, ovarian weight, estrous cycle, follicle counts, and serum sex hormone levels were evaluated. The expression of kisspeptin and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus was also detected.ResultsCompared to vehicle exposure, 5 mg/kg/day PFHxS treatment prolonged the estrous cycle, especially the duration of diestrus, after 42 days of treatment. The numbers of secondary follicles, antral follicles and corpus lutea were significantly reduced in the PFHxS-treated mice. Moreover, compared with the control mice, the PFHxS-treated mice showed decreases in the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estrogen (E2), and reduced GnRH mRNA levels, along with the lack of an LH surge. Furthermore, the PFHxS-treated mice had lower levels of kisspeptin immunoreactivity and kiss-1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) than the control mice. After intraventricular administration of kisspeptin-10, the numbers of secondary follicles, antral follicles and corpus lutea recovered, along with the levels of GnRH mRNA, FSH, and LH in the mice treated with 5 mg/kg/day PFHxS.ConclusionThese results indicate that chronic exposure of mice to 5 mg/kg/day PFHxS affects reproductive functions by inhibiting kisspeptin expression in the ARC and AVPV regions, leading to deficits in follicular development and ovulation.
Can harmful lifestyle, obesity and weight changes increase the risk of breast cancer in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers? A Mini review
Authors: Daniele A. , Divella R. , Pilato B. , Tommasi S. , Pasanisi P. , Patruno M. , Digennaro M. , Minoia C. , Dellino M. , Pisconti S. , Casamassima P. , Savino E. , Paradiso A. V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and aim
The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes are associated with an inherited susceptibility to breast cancer with a cumulative risk of 60% in BRCA 1 mutation carriers and of 30% in BRCA 2 mutation carriers. Several lifestyle factors could play a role in determining an individual’s risk of breast cancer. Obesity, changes in body size or unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity have been evaluated as possible determinants of breast cancer risk. The aim of this study was to explore the current understanding of the role of harmful lifestyle and obesity or weight change in the development of breast cancer in female carriers of BRCA 1/2 mutations.

Methods
Articles were identified from MEDLINE in October 2020 utilizing related keywords; they were then read and notes, study participants, measures, data analysis and results were used to write this review.

Results
Studies with very large case series have been carried out but only few of them have shown consistent results. Additional research would be beneficial to better determine the actual role and impact of such factors.
Motor improvements enabled by spinal cord stimulation combined with physical training after spinal cord injury: review of experimental evidence in animals and humans
Authors: Seáñez Ismael , Capogrosso Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrical spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been gaining momentum as a potential therapy for motor paralysis in consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). Specifically, recent studies combining SCS with activity-based training have reported unprecedented improvements in motor function in people with chronic SCI that persist even without stimulation. In this work, we first provide an overview of the critical scientific advancements that have led to the current uses of SCS in neurorehabilitation: e.g. the understanding that SCS activates dormant spinal circuits below the lesion by recruiting large-to-medium diameter sensory afferents within the posterior roots. We discuss how this led to the standardization of implant position which resulted in consistent observations by independent clinical studies that SCS in combination with physical training promotes improvements in motor performance and neurorecovery. While all reported participants were able to move previously paralyzed limbs from day 1, recovery of more complex motor functions was gradual, and the timeframe for first observations was proportional to the task complexity. Interestingly, individuals with SCI classified as AIS B and C regained motor function in paralyzed joints even without stimulation, but not individuals with motor and sensory complete SCI (AIS A). Experiments in animal models of SCI investigating the potential mechanisms underpinning this neurorecovery suggest a synaptic reorganization of cortico-reticulo-spinal circuits that correlate with improvements in voluntary motor control. Future experiments in humans and animal models of paralysis will be critical to understand the potential and limits for functional improvements in people with different types, levels, timeframes, and severities of SCI.
Antagonistic potential of some phosphate solubilizing fungi against some phyto-pathogenic fungi
Authors: Nasr Siada H. , Mousa A. S. M. , Yasser M. M. , Marzouk M. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Little phosphorus availability in soil is one of the major forces for crop production. Phosphate solubilizing fungi enhance available phosphorus from soils and contribute to achieve the plants phosphorus requirement. Phosphate solubilizing fungi are important component of soil microbiota and play an essential role in the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in natural ecosystems.

Results
The study tested the potential of the isolated phosphate solubilizing fungi to inhibit the growth of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Geotrichum candidum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. A total of 137 fungal isolates were isolated and identified from 30 soil samples. Nine isolates solubilized inorganic phosphate (tricalcium phosphate). Eight of these isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere of Alhagi graecorum Boiss., Allium cepa L., Ehrharta calycina Sm., Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) Raven, Mentha longifolia L., Phragmites communis Trin.,Triticum aestivum L. and Zea mays L., respectively and one isolate was isolated from island's free soil. Purified single spore cultures of these nine isolates were identified to species level by multi loci DNA barcoding using internal transcribed spacer1and 2 (ITS1 and ITS 2) of the rRNA gene cluster, Calmodulin (CaM) and β-tubulin)BenA) gene markers.

Conclusions
The isolated phosphate solubilizing fungi belonged to two genera, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The phosphate solubilization index ranged from 1 to 1.5. Aspergillius japonicus 2 had the highest solubilization index (1.5) and also had the highest inhibition percentage (70%) against Alternaria alternata. This isolate is promising for development of biocontrol agent of Fusarium solani, Geotricum candidium and Alternaria alternata. The highest phosphate solubilization by Aspergillius japonicus 2 was obtained by using sucrose as carbon source and also ammonium chloride and tryptophan as nitrogen source. The highest solubilization percentage was 78.2% at optimum glucose concentration (5%) while the pH value that gave the highest solubilization percentage (90%) was 3. After eight days of incubation of Aspergillius japonicus 2, the solubilization percentage reached its maximum value (80.2%).
Charles Bernstein: Against the Idea of Poetry
Authors: Lehto Leevi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This text is Leevi Lehto's introduction to his Finnish translation of Charles Bernstein's work, both poetry and poetics. Lehto argues that Bernstein's poems are interventions into various constellations, or power relations, in the field of poetry, always reacting to something, always against a particular idealization—among them the idea of interventionism as such.
Pataquericalism: Quantum Coherence between the East and West
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Runa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Charles Bernstein's pataquericalism is not just a poetics but a philosophy of life, a leftist way to wrench freedom from authority to recognize the actual face of reality that toggles us with hope and despair, to explore hitherto undreamed regions of the mind in order to acquire a new point of view—to inquire into language, into poetics, into life, into reality. This poetics indeed resonates with Barin Ghosal's Expansive Consciousness theory in the world of Bengali New Poetry. Both are inventive poetics of an eccentric centrifugal journey toward infinite possibilities with intuitive leaps to open up an infinite space. This is to interenact with the endless rhythm of the cosmic dance of energy of the universe to harmonize our relationship with Eastern mystic philosophy of Upanishad/Zen Buddhism as well as modern science. This essay is intended to find the quantum coherence between the voices/processes/thoughts of different poets, scientists, and philosophers of the East and West.
Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle shows unexpected slow-to-fast fiber-type switch in Duchenne muscular dystrophy dogs
Authors: Hakim Chady H. , Yang Hsiao T. , Burke Matthew J. , Teixeira James , Jenkins Gregory J. , Yang N. Nora , Yao Gang , Duan Dongsheng 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Aged dystrophin-null canines are excellent models for studying experimental therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a lethal muscle disease caused by dystrophin deficiency. To establish the baseline, we studied the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) muscle in 15 terminal age (3-year-old) male affected dogs and 15 age/sex-matched normal dogs. Affected dogs showed histological and anatomical hallmarks of dystrophy, including muscle inflammation and fibrosis, myofiber size variation and centralized myonuclei, as well as a significant reduction of muscle weight, muscle-to-body weight ratio and muscle cross-sectional area. To rigorously characterize the contractile properties of the ECU muscle, we developed a novel in situ assay. Twitch and tetanic force, contraction and relaxation rate, and resistance to eccentric contraction-induced force loss were significantly decreased in affected dogs. Intriguingly, the time-to-peak tension and half-relaxation time were significantly shortened in affected dogs. Contractile kinetics predicted an unforeseen slow-to-fast myofiber-type switch, which we confirmed at the protein and transcript level. Our study establishes a foundation for studying long-term and late-stage therapeutic interventions in dystrophic canines. The unexpected myofiber-type switch highlights the complexity of muscle remodeling in dystrophic large mammals.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Hot to touch: the story of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Authors: Logan Darren W. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Ardem Patapoutian and David Julius for their research on receptor channels responsible for the perception of touch and temperature. Somatosensation, an overarching sense that enables us to safely interface with the physical forces around and within us, is the fourth sensory modality to be recognized by the Nobel Committee. The story of the discovery of TRP and PIEZO channels, and subsequent investigations into their myriad roles in the perception of noxious and mild temperature, touch, pain, pressure and body position, is an archetype for how translational research into human and animal health is built on a foundation of excellence in basic science.
Low kindlin-3 levels in osteoclasts of kindlin-3 hypomorphic mice result in osteopetrosis due to leaky sealing zones
Authors: Klapproth Sarah , Richter Karsten , Türk Clara , Bock Theresa , Bromberger Thomas , Dominik Julian , Huck Kathrin , Pfaller Kristian , Hess Michael W. , Reichel Christoph A. , Krüger Marcus , Nakchbandi Inaam A. , Moser Markus 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Osteoclasts form special integrin-mediated adhesion structures called sealing zones that enable them to adhere to and resorb bone. Sealing zones consist of densely packed podosomes tightly interconnected by actin fibers. Their formation requires the presence of the hematopoietic integrin regulator kindlin-3 (also known as Fermt3). In this study, we investigated osteoclasts and their adhesion structures in kindlin-3 hypomorphic mice expressing only 5–10% of the kindlin-3 level of wild-type mice. Low kindlin-3 expression reduces integrin activity, results in impaired osteoclast adhesion and signaling, and delays cell spreading. Despite these defects, in vitro-generated kindlin-3-hypomorphic osteoclast-like cells arrange their podosomes into adhesion patches and belts, but their podosome and actin organization is abnormal. Remarkably, kindlin-3-hypomorphic osteoclasts form sealing zones when cultured on calcified matrix in vitro and on bone surface in vivo. However, functional assays, immunohistochemical staining and electron micrographs of bone sections showed that they fail to seal the resorption lacunae properly, which is required for secreted proteinases to digest bone matrix. This results in mild osteopetrosis. Our study reveals a new, hitherto understudied function of kindlin-3 as an essential organizer of integrin-mediated adhesion structures, such as sealing zones.
Severity and case fatality rates of COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis and an exploratory meta-regression of risk factors
Authors: Dhanasekara Chathurika Samudani , Chin Shao-Hua , Kahathuduwa Chanaka N. 
Published: October 2021

Background: We aimed to estimate prevalence of severe or critical illness and case fatality of COVID-19 in a systematic review and meta-analysis and to examine clinical, biochemical and radiological risk factors in a meta-regression.
Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using pre-specified keywords. Peer-reviewed empirical studies examining rates of severe illness, critical illness and case fatality among COVID-19 patients were examined. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed and adjusted for publication bias. Meta-regression analyses examined the moderator effects of risk factors.
Results: The meta-analysis included 29 studies representing 2,090 individuals. Pooled prevalence rates of severe illness, critical illness and case fatality among COVID-19 patients were 15%, 5% and 0.8% respectively. There were significant heterogeneity and publication bias related with the studies. Meta-regression analyses revealed that increasing age and elevated LDH consistently predicted severe / critical disease and case fatality. Moreover, hypertension; fever and dyspnea at presentation; and elevated CRP predicted increased severity.
Conclusions: Emerged predictors of severity and case fatality should inform clinicians to define at-risk endophenotypes. Differences in un-adjusted vs. adjusted pooled estimates indicates limited utility of small-scale studies and underscores the importance of multi-national studies to establish the morbidity and mortality rates in pandemics.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Edible Vegetable Frying Oils
Authors: Prado Valentina , Daystar Jesse , Pires Steven , Wallace Michele , Laurin Lise 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsCottonseed oil (CSO), a cotton byproduct, has advantages for climate change compared to other seed oils.Results show that the cultivation phase is the main impact driver for all vegetable oils analyzed in this study.Refined CSO (U.S.) can reduce climate change impacts by up to 83% as compared to the other oils analyzed.Abstract. Edible vegetable oils are a major source of climate change impacts and an environmental concern in the processed food industry. This study consists of a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) of refined U.S. cottonseed oil (CSO), global soybean oil, U.S. canola oil, and palm oil sourced from Indonesia and Malaysia. Considering the oils equivalent for deep frying, they are compared on a 1 kg of oil basis. Analysis includes sensitivity analyses for modeling allocation choices and oil mixes as well as uncertainty analysis. Results show that the cultivation phase is the main impact driver for all vegetable oils analyzed, which favors CSO (U.S.) because it is a co-product. Refined CSO (U.S.) can reduce climate change impacts by up to 83%. Overall, refined CSO (U.S.) was a top performer in six of the eight impact categories evaluated. When ranking the oils, refined CSO (U.S.) was the preferred choice. Despite being the preferred choice, there are tradeoffs with CSO, such as water scarcity. In the context of global-scale commercial frying applications, e.g., McDonald’s daily French fry production of 9 million tons per day, switching the frying oil to refined CSO (U.S.) represents potential savings of 1,130 to 2,188 tons of CO2-eq d-1. For fast-food chains seeking to reduce their climate change impacts, refined CSO (U.S.) may be useful in frying applications. However, opportunities may exist for improvement in water use efficiency in the cultivation phase, which reinforces the need for continuous improvements in agriculture. Keywords: Comparative life cycle assessment, Canola oil, Cottonseed oil, Cotton sustainability, Fast-food industry, LCA, Palm oil, Soybean oil, Vegetable frying oils.
Handbook on Gender in Asia, Shirlena Huang and Kanchana N. Ruwanpura (eds) (2020)
Authors: Li Eva Cheuk-Yin 
Published: October 2021

Review of: Handbook on Gender in Asia, Shirlena Huang and Kanchana N. Ruwanpura (eds) (2020)
Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 456 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78811-290-1, h/bk, £155
eISBN 978-1-78811-291-8, ebook, £48
Application of last planner system with BIM in construction plan management
Authors: Liu Wenming , Xie Hongdong , Peng Guoping , Wang Shiping 
Published: October 2021

The project team maintains workflow continuity as much as possible to deliver products on time. Nevertheless, poor construction management makes the workflow unstable during the construction process, which leads to the delayed delivery of the building. As different methods to improve production efficiency, Lean Construction and Building Information Modelling (BIM) have a positive impact on the industry. Although many researches have shown the unique advantages of the Last Planner System (LPS) and BIM Technology, the advantages of their integration have not been fully exploited. This paper explores the application of the LPS and BIM in the construction phase through a project that transforms from traditional construction process planning to the use of the LPS. The project results show the impact of the LPS and BIM as lean methods on the project, which can improve the workflow of the construction project by improving efficiency and coordination.Â Â