bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high‐quality genome assembly of Jasminum sambac provides insight into floral trait formation and Oleaceae genome evolution
Authors: Xu Shixiao , Ding Yongle , Sun Juntao , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wu Zhaoyun , Yang Tiezhao , Shen Fei , Xue Gang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs one of the most economically significant Oleaceae family members, Jasminum sambac is renowned for its distinct sweet, heady fragrance. Using Illumina reads, Nanopore long reads, and HiC‐sequencing, we efficiently assembled and annotated the J. sambac genome. The high‐quality genome assembly consisted of a total of 507 Mb sequence (contig N50 = 17.6 Mb) with 13 pseudomolecules. A total of 21,143 protein‐coding genes and 303 Mb repeat sequences were predicted. An ancient whole‐genome triplication event at the base of Oleaceae (~66 million years ago [Ma], Late Cretaceous) was identified and this may have contributed to the diversification of the Oleaceae ancestor and its divergence from the Lamiales. Stress‐related (e.g., WRKY) and flowering‐related (e.g., MADS‐box) genes were located in the triplicated regions, suggesting that the polyploidy event might have contributed adaptive potential. Genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis, for example, FTA and TPS, were observed to be duplicated to a great extent in the J. sambac genome, perhaps explaining the strong fragrance of the flowers. Copy number changes in distinct phylogenetic clades of the MADS‐box family were observed in J. sambac genome, for example, AGL6‐ and Mα‐ were lost and SOC‐ expanded, features that might underlie the long flowering period of J. sambac. The structural genes implicated in anthocyanin biosynthesis were depleted and this may explain the absence of vivid colours in jasmine. Collectively, assembling the J. sambac genome provides new insights into the genome evolution of the Oleaceae family and provides mechanistic insights into floral properties.
Approaches, challenges and recent advances in automated bee counting devices: A review
Authors: Odemer Richard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor nearly 100 years, electronic bee counters have been developed using various technologies to track the foraging activity of mostly honey bee colonies. These counters should enable remote monitoring of the hives without disturbing natural flight behaviour while generating precise scientific data. However, there are few counters on the market that are able to fulfil this task. One main challenge is the lack of standardised methods to validate a counter's precision, as validation is crucial to categorise and judge the data produced by the counter, especially for scientific purposes. Another challenge is the interpretation of flight data to measure the effects of environmental or anthropogenic sources. Nevertheless, recent developments in the field are promising. This review describes the historic development of automated bee flight measurements and critically compares validation methods to encourage their improvement. To increase the comparability of future analyses of bee counters, current advances in data interpretation are also presented.
Inhibition of the cGAS‐STING pathway ameliorates the premature senescence hallmarks of Ataxia‐Telangiectasia brain organoids
Authors: Aguado Julio , Chaggar Harman K. , Gómez‐Inclán Cecilia , Shaker Mohammed R. , Leeson Hannah C. , Mackay‐Sim Alan , Wolvetang Ernst J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtaxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is a genetic disorder caused by the lack of functional ATM kinase. A‐T is characterized by chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration and premature ageing features that are associated with increased genome instability, nuclear shape alterations, micronuclei accumulation, neuronal defects and premature entry into cellular senescence. The causal relationship between the detrimental inflammatory signature and the neurological deficiencies of A‐T remains elusive. Here, we utilize human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cortical brain organoids to study A‐T neuropathology. Mechanistically, we show that the cGAS‐STING pathway is required for the recognition of micronuclei and induction of a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in A‐T olfactory neurosphere‐derived cells and brain organoids. We further demonstrate that cGAS and STING inhibition effectively suppresses self‐DNA‐triggered SASP expression in A‐T brain organoids, inhibits astrocyte senescence and neurodegeneration, and ameliorates A‐T brain organoid neuropathology. Our study thus reveals that increased cGAS and STING activity is an important contributor to chronic inflammation and premature senescence in the central nervous system of A‐T and constitutes a novel therapeutic target for treating neuropathology in A‐T patients.
The use and usefulness of equity accounting
Authors: Bradbury Michael E. , Mehnaz Laura , Scott Tom 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study we examine the use and usefulness (value relevance) of equity accounting. Descriptive evidence shows there is a higher frequency of disclosure about the investment in associates than the share of profits. There is also more diversity in presentation and disclosure than reported by the International Accounting Standards Board. The characteristics of firms differ for those that report ancillary disclosures such as assets and liabilities of the associate. Firm characteristics also differ on whether associate income is reported before earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). Last, we document that equity accounting is value relevant, but not when alternative accounting options (e.g., fair value or proportionate accounting) are available.
Caste Amid Aspiration and Opportunity: Everyday Struggles of Dalits to Gain Access to Education
Authors: Pankaj Ajeet Kumar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn India, there are a number of Dalit autobiographies and Bollywood movies that narrate the humiliation of Dalits in various spheres of their life. The autobiographies of Dalits and a few prominent Bollywood movies capture the struggles of Dalits to obtain a high level of education. Education has been one of the primary instruments for Dalits to achieve upward mobility. Drawing from two prominent Dalit autobiographies by Tulasi Ram and Omprakash Valmiki, two Bollywood movies—Pariksha and Arakshan, and my own fieldwork experience with Dalit students confirms the experience of Subodh, a Dalit student who is currently pursuing higher education in Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow. The experiences of Subodh exemplify the humiliations a Dalit experiences in educational institutions and the struggles of Dalits to use education to achieve upward mobility.
Butyrate and propionate restore interleukin 13‐compromised esophageal epithelial barrier function
Authors: Kleuskens Mirelle T.A. , Haasnoot Maria L. , Herpers Bart M. , Ampting Marleen T. J. van , Bredenoord Albert J. , Garssen Johan , Redegeld Frank A. , van Esch Betty C.A.M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a food allergen driven disease that is accompanied by interleukin (IL) 13 overexpression and esophageal barrier dysfunction allowing transepithelial food allergen permeation. Nutraceuticals, such as short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that restore barrier function and increase immune fitness may be a promising tool in the management of EoE. Here, we investigated the effects of the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate on an IL‐13‐compromised human esophageal epithelial barrier, including the mechanisms involved.MethodsAn air‐liquid interface culture model of differentiated human EPC2‐hTERT (EPC2) was used to study whether SCFAs could restore barrier function after IL‐13‐induced impairment. Esophageal epithelial barrier function was monitored by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC‐dextran paracellular flux, and was further examined by qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis. G protein‐coupled receptor (GPR) GPR41, GPR43, GPR109a, or histone deacetylase (HDAC) (ant)agonists were used to assess mechanisms of action of SCFAs.ResultsIL‐13 stimulation decreased TEER and increased FITC flux, which was counteracted by butyrate and propionate, but not acetate treatment. Barrier proteins FLG and DSG1 mRNA expression was upregulated following butyrate and propionate treatment, whereas expression of eosinophil chemoattractant CCL26 and protease CAPN14 was downregulated. Similarly, butyrate and propionate restored FLG and DSG1 protein expression. Similar effects were observed with an HDAC antagonist but not with GPR agonists.ConclusionNutraceuticals butyrate and propionate restore the barrier function of esophageal epithelial cells after an inflammatory insult and may be of therapeutic benefit in the management of EoE.
Phase 2a randomized clinical trial of dupilumab (anti‐IL‐4Rα) for alopecia areata patients
Authors: Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Renert‐Yuval Yael , Bares Jennifer , Chima Margot , Hawkes Jason E. , Gilleaudeau Patricia , Sullivan‐Whalen Mary , Singer Giselle K. , Garcet Sandra , Pavel Ana B. , Lebwohl Mark G. , Krueger James G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatments for alopecia areata (AA) patients with extensive scalp hair loss are limited, and recent evidence supports a role for type 2 T‐cell (Th2)‐immune response in AA. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting Th2 signaling, approved for type 2 diseases including atopic dermatitis, was evaluated in AA patients.MethodsAlopecia areata patients with and without concomitant atopic dermatitis were randomized 2:1 to receive weekly subcutaneous dupilumab (300 mg) or placebo for 24 weeks, followed by another 24‐week dupilumab open‐label phase. The primary outcome was change from baseline in the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score at week 24; secondary outcomes included a range of measures of hair regrowth.ResultsForty and 20 patients were assigned to the dupilumab and placebo arms, respectively. At week 24, disease worsening was documented in the placebo arm, with a least‐squares mean change in the SALT score of −6.5 (95% confidence‐interval [CI], −10.4 to −2.6), versus a change of 2.2 (95% CI, −0.6 to 4.94) in the dupilumab arm (p < .05). After 48 weeks of dupilumab treatment, 32.5%, 22.5% and 15% of patients achieved SALT30/SALT50/SALT75 improvement, respectively, while in patients with baseline IgE ≥ 200 IU/ml response rates increased to 53.8%, 46.2%, and 38.5%, respectively. Moreover, baseline IgE predicts treatment response with 83% accuracy. No new safety signals were detected.ConclusionsThis hypothesis‐driven trial is the first to indicate the possible pathogenic role of the Th2 axis and Th2 targeting in AA patients. Patient selection based on baseline serum IgE levels may improve treatment results (Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT03359356).
Video‐based valve motion combined with computational fluid dynamics gives stable and accurate simulations of blood flow in the Realheart total artificial heart
Authors: Kelly Nathaniel S. , McCree Danny , Fresiello Libera , Brynedal Ignell Nils , Cookson Andrew N. , Najar Azad , Perkins Ina Laura , Fraser Katharine H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with end‐stage, biventricular heart failure, and for whom heart transplantation is not an option, may be given a Total Artificial Heart (TAH). The Realheart® is a novel TAH which pumps blood by mimicking the native heart with translation of an atrioventricular plane. The aim of this work was to create a strategy for using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate haemodynamics in the Realheart®, including motion of the atrioventricular plane and valves.MethodsThe accuracies of four different computational methods for simulating fluid‐structure interaction of the prosthetic valves were assessed by comparison of chamber pressures and flow rates with experimental measurements. The four strategies were: prescribed motion of valves opening and closing at the atrioventricular plane extrema; simulation of fluid‐structure interaction of both valves; prescribed motion of the mitral valve with simulation of fluid‐structure interaction of the aortic valve; motion of both valves prescribed from video analysis of experiments.ResultsThe most accurate strategy (error in ventricular pressure of 6%, error in flow rate of 5%) used video‐prescribed motion. With the Realheart operating at 80 bpm, the power consumption was 1.03 W, maximum shear stress was 15 Pa, and washout of the ventricle chamber after 4 cycles was 87%.ConclusionsThis study, the first CFD analysis of this novel TAH, demonstrates that good agreement between computational and experimental data can be achieved. This method will therefore enable future optimisation of the geometry and motion of the Realheart®.
Surgical strategies for the management of end‐stage heart failure in infants and children: A 15‐year experience with a patient‐tailored approach
Authors: Ponzoni Matteo , Frigo Anna C. , Castaldi Biagio , Cerutti Alessia , Di Salvo Giovanni , Vida Vladimiro L. , Padalino Massimo A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnd‐stage heart failure (ESHF) in pediatric age is an ongoing challenge. Heart transplantation is the final option, but its long‐term outcomes are still suboptimal in children. An alternative patient‐tailored surgical protocol to manage ESHF in children is described. Retrospective, single‐center analysis of pediatric patients admitted to our institution between April 2004 and February 2021 for ESHF. Our current protocol is as follows: (a) Patients <1 year with isolated left ventricular dysfunction due to dilated cardiomyopathy underwent pulmonary artery banding (PAB). (b) Patients <10 years and <20 kg, who did not meet previous criteria were managed with Berlin Heart EXCOR. (c) Patients >10 years or >20 kg, underwent placement of intracorporeal Heartware. Primary outcomes were survival, transplant incidence, and postoperative adverse events. A total of 24 patients (mean age 5.3 ± 5.9 years) underwent 26 procedures: PAB in 6 patients, Berlin Heart in 11, and Heartware in 7. Two patients shifted from PAB to Berlin Heart. Overall survival at 1‐year follow‐up and 5‐year follow‐up was 78.7% (95%CI = 62%‐95.4%) and 74.1% (95%CI = 56.1%‐92.1%), respectively. Berlin Heart was adopted in higher‐risk settings showing inferior outcomes, whereas a PAB enabled 67% of patients to avoid transplantation, with no mortality. An integrated, patient‐tailored surgical strategy, comprehensive of PAB and different types of ventricular assist devices, can provide satisfactory medium‐term results for bridging to transplant or recovery. The early postoperative period is critical and requires strict clinical vigilance. Selected infants can benefit from PAB that has demonstrated to be a safe bridge to recovery.
Randomised clinical trial: the effects of pregabalin vs placebo on functional dyspepsia
Authors: Kotikula Isariyaphong , Thinrungroj Nithi , Pinyopornpanish Kanokwan , Kijdamrongthum Phuripong , Leerapun Apinya , Chitapanarux Taned , Thongsawat Satawat , Praisontarangkul Ong‐Ard 
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundCurrently, central neuromodulators are among the therapeutic options for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD). Pregabalin, a gabapentinoid, is a neuromodulator that could potentially improve visceral hypersensitivity in FD patients.AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of pregabalin for the treatment of FDMethodsWe performed a randomised placebo‐controlled study including FD patients who did not respond to proton pump inhibitors. Patients were randomly assigned to receive pregabalin (75 mg daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was an adequate relief response rate. The secondary outcomes were improvement in quality of life, pain scores in divided categories, and safety profile.ResultsOf 72 patients enrolled, 34 received pregabalin and 38 received placebo. The self‐reported adequate relief rates in the pregabalin and placebo groups were 70.6% and 42.1% at week 4 (P = 0.02), and 70.6% and 44.7% at week 8 (P = 0.03), respectively. The reduction in global symptoms in the pregabalin and placebo groups were 11.7 ± 10.6 and 3.7 ± 8.9 points at week 4 (P < 0.01) and 15.1 ± 12.2 and 8.0 ± 10.2 points at week 8 (P = 0.01), respectively. Pregabalin improved the overall quality of life (P = 0.03). The most common adverse event with pregabalin was dizziness, occurring in 51.6% of patients.ConclusionsPregabalin led to significant alleviation of dyspeptic symptoms, especially in patients with predominant epigastric pain .Thaiclinicaltrials.org #TCTR20200404002.
Intraoperative Multimodal Approach for Pain After Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Resection
Authors: Nakada Takeo , Nakai Aiko , Takahashi Yusuke , Sakakura Noriaki , Ohtsuka Takashi , Kuroda Hiroaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal preemptive analgesia for thoracoscopic surgery remains unclear. We evaluated the utility of intraoperative intravenous analgesia on postoperative pain and the postoperative course in patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 228 consecutive patients who underwent single‐lobe thoracoscopic lobectomy for malignant pulmonary tumors between October 2017 and December 2019. Instead of epidural anesthesia, intercostal nerve blocks were performed from the thoracic cavity. We assessed the differences in the clinical and perioperative parameters including postoperative pain among the following: (1) N group (nonintraoperative intravenous analgesia), (2) A group (1000 mg acetaminophen), and (3) AF group (1000 mg acetaminophen with 50 mg flurbiprofen axetil). The numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to assess pain.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff pain score for the additional analgesic within 12 h postsurgery was 3.5 (area under the curve = 0.771; sensitivity = 63%; specificity = 19.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.703–0.839; p < 0.01). Less pain scores on the surgical day were related to the AF group (NRS; N, 3 ± 2.6; A, 3 ± 2.4; AF, 2 ± 1.9; p = 0.008, respectively). No pain or mild pain (NRS = 0–2) on the operative day was strongly associated with the AF group (N = 36.4%; A = 46.4%; AF = 70.5%; p = 0.005). None of the patients experienced complications associated with intraoperative intravenous analgesia.ConclusionThe combined use of intravenous analgesics (acetaminophen and flurbiprofen axetil) and intercostal nerve blocks is a safe and feasible preemptive analgesic approach for thoracoscopic lobectomy.
Review on target domains and natural compound‐based inhibitors of fatty acid synthase for anticancer drug discovery
Authors: Pulla Lakshmi Soukya Sai , Begum Ahil Sajeli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCancer cells require a higher amount of energy in the form of fatty acids for their uncontrolled proliferation and growth. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) plays a crucial role in the synthesis of palmitate, which is involved in most of the critical malignant pathways. Hence, by targeting FASN, tumour growth can be controlled. By designing and developing FASN inhibitors with catalytic domain specificity, safe and potential anticancer drugs can be achieved. The article draws light towards the catalytic domains of FASN, their active site residues and interaction of some of the reported natural FASN inhibitors (resveratrol, lavandulyl flavonoids, catechins, stilbene derivatives, etc). The rationality (structure–activity relationship) behind the variation in the activity of the reported natural FASN inhibitors (butyrolactones, polyphenolics, galloyl esters and thiolactomycins) has also been covered. Selective, safe and potentially active FASN inhibitors could be developed by: (i) having proper understanding of the function of all catalytic domains of FASN (ii) studying the upstream and downstream FASN regulators (iii) identifying cancer‐specific FASN biomarkers (that are non‐essential/absent in the normal healthy cells) (iv) exploring the complete protein structure of FASN, e‐screening of the compounds prior to synthesis and study their ADME properties (v) predicting the selectivity based on their strong affinity at the catalytic site of FASN.
Evolution of the management of retrorectal masses: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gould Laura E. , Pring Edward T. , Corr Alison , Fletcher Jordan , Warusavitarne Janindra , Burling David , Northover John M. A. , Jenkins John T. ,   the St. Mark's Retrorectal Study Group, St Mark's Hospital
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimRetrorectal masses are abnormalities located anatomically in the retrorectal space. A significant proportion are asymptomatic with no malignant potential while others cause symptoms due to mechanical pressure or malignant infiltration. We reviewed and categorised the retrorectal masses encountered over a 30‐year time period in a specialist colorectal hospital and describe our management algorithm for consideration by other multidisciplinary teams (MDT).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients referred between 1984–2019. A detailed review of clinical presentation, imaging features, postoperative histology and impact on morbidity and anorectal function is reported.ResultsA total of 143 patients with median age of 46 years and female preponderance (74%) were reviewed. The commonest presenting symptom was pain (46%) and all malignant cases had symptoms (n = 17). Over the last decade, more asymptomatic patients have presented with a retrorectal mass (33%, p = 0.04) and more patients are opting for surveillance rather than resection (33%, p = 0.013). Increasing age and lesion size were associated with malignancy (p < 0.05). Radiological features associated with malignancy included: solid/heterogeneous component, lobulated borders or locally invasive. Following surgery, complications included chronic pain (40%), poor wound healing (23%) and bowel dysfunction (10%).ConclusionsThe management of retrorectal masses remains complex. There are features, both clinical and radiological, that can help determine the best management strategy. Management should be in a high‐volume tertiary centre and preferably through a complex rectal cancer MDT. Long‐term sequelae such as chronic pain must be highlighted to patients. We advocate the establishment of an international registry to further record and characterise these rare, potentially troublesome lesions.
A heterogeneous stacking ensemble based sentiment analysis framework using multiple word embeddings
Authors: Subba Basant , Kumari Simpy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWord embedding techniques have been proposed in the literature to analyze and determine the sentiments expressed in various textual documents such as social media posts, online product reviews, and so forth. However, it is difficult to capture the entire gamut of intricate inter‐dependencies among words in the textual documents using a specific word embedding technique. In this article, we aim to address this issue by proposing a computation‐efficient stacking ensemble based sentiment analysis framework using multiple word embeddings. The proposed framework uses a combination of three distinct word embeddings generated by three different state of the art word embedding techniques, namely, Word2Vec, GloVe, and BERT for performing the sentiment analysis task. It uses an explicitly trained Word2Vec model to generate the first set of 200‐dimensional word embedding. Similarly, pre‐trained GloVe and BERT models are used to generate the other two sets of 200‐dimensional and a 768‐dimensional word embeddings, respectively. These three distinct word embedding sets are then used to train a heterogeneous stacking ensemble based classifier model comprising LSTM, GRU, and Bi‐GRU based base‐level classifiers, and a LSTM based meta‐level classifier. Experimental results on four different datasets, namely, Sentiment140, IMDB Review, Twitter conversation thread, and Twitter Emotion show that the proposed framework achieves high performance with low false positive rate. The proposed framework is also shown to outperform other sentiment analysis frameworks proposed in the literature.