bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on risk factors, clinical presentation, recovery rates and cost burden of patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Femi S V  , Nath Nakshathra R , Prasannan Amaya , Maniyath Anurag , Rani Susheela , Kumar E. Satheesh 
Published: December 2024

Stroke is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes being the two major types. Understanding their distinct risk factors, clinical presentations, recovery rates, and cost burden is crucial for optimizing patient management and healthcare resource allocation.To evaluate and compare the risk factors, clinical presentation, recovery rates, and cost burden associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital.A comparative observational study was conducted on 300 stroke patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, adhering to predefined inclusion criteria. Detailed demographic data, clinical presentation, comorbid conditions, and treatment costs were collected. Daily progress of inpatients was reviewed to assess recovery rates. The cost burden was calculated based on prescription costs for antistroke and other medications over a 5-day period.Among the 300 participants, 192 (64%) were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 108 (36%) with hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity, affecting 72% of ischemic stroke patients and 68% of hemorrhagic stroke patients. Clinical presentations varied, with hemiparesis being the most common symptom in ischemic strokes (45%) and severe headaches more frequent in hemorrhagic strokes (52%). Recovery rates were higher in ischemic stroke patients, with 70% showing significant improvement compared to 58% of hemorrhagic stroke patients within the study period. The mean prescription cost for inpatient treatment over 5 days was 973.4 INR for general drugs and 679.24 INR for stroke-specific therapies. For outpatients, the mean prescription cost was 98.73 INR for stroke-specific drugs and 18.3 INR for other medications.This study highlights the differences in risk factors, clinical presentation, recovery rates, and cost burden between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Addressing these factors can aid in tailoring therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare expenses.
Analysis of fixed dose combinations and price variations of oral antidiabetic agents in the Indian pharmaceutical market
Authors: Geetha Abinish Dyneese , Ramasamy Dhanalakshmi , Siddiq Jamal Ahamed Yusuf , Abdul Rahman Noori Thabassum , Sahadevan Iniyavan , Natarajan Haris Madhavan , Arockia Raj Dino 
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to analyse the price variations of Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) of oral antidiabetic agents in India to highlight the percentage price variations among different brands offering the same formulations of oral antidiabetic FDCs.Diabetes is a metabolic disorder requiring consistent medication for blood glucose control. The wide cost variation among antidiabetic agents affects patient access and adherence, underscoring the importance of evaluating price differences to support affordable, effective diabetes management.This analytical study was conducted from August to September 2024, reviewing prices of 118 formulations across 34 oral antidiabetic FDCs sourced from the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority’s (NPPA) ‘Pharma Sahi Daam’ a public database. FDCs produced by multiple manufacturers were included, excluding single manufacturers. Microsoft Excel 2021 was used throughout the analysis.Among two-drug combinations, the highest percentage cost variation was observed in glimepiride + metformin (2mg + 1000mg) as 15958.33% and the lowest variation was found with empagliflozin + metformin as 0%. For three-drug combinations, the highest price variation was founded in voglibose + metformin + glimepiride (0.3mg + 500mg + 1mg) as 209900% and the least price variation was found in dapagliflozin + linagliptin + metformin (10mg + 5mg + 500mg) as 0%. The highest brand availability was recorded for glimepiride + metformin with 447 brands, and the lowest for pioglitazone + vildagliptin and teneligliptin + dapagliflozin, with only 2 brands each.This study highlights significant price variations among oral antidiabetic FDCs in India, which can affect patient’s treatment adherence. These findings underscore the need for intervention by regulatory authorities to enforce stricter measures in the pharmaceutical market to manage these price variations.
Synthesis, single crystal structure, and Hirshfeld surface of (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-((3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)benzohydrazide
Authors: Özşanli Hanifi , Saral Çakmak Sude , Çoruh Ufuk , Karakuş Sevgi , Vazquez-Lopez Ezequiel M 
Published: December 2024

A hydrazide-hydrazone derivative, (E)-N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) amino)benzohydrazide, was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2/n, with lattice parameters: a = 21.0586(8) Å, b = 8.1969(3) Å, c = 21.6475(10) Å, and β = 92.886(2)°.
Within a single crystal cell, two crystallographically independent asymmetric molecules are present. These molecules are chemically identical but display a non-planar geometric molecular structure. The crystal structure was stabilized by C–H⋯O and C–H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which facilitate intermolecular interactions that form a three-dimensional network. The presence of effective hydrogen bond donors and acceptors contribute to the formation of a tightly interconnected three-dimensional structure. Additionally, Hirshfeld surface analysis was conducted to examine potential hydrogen bonding and spatial arrangement of atoms. This analysis quantified hydrogen bond interaction and identified atoms likely to participate in such interactions. Alongside stabilization by strong hydrogen bonds, π⋯π interactions significantly influence the packing arrangement, with interactions among the phenyl rings observable through shape index and curvedness diagrams.
Exploring the use of Khundavhalai in Vhavenda culture
Authors: Ramavhunga Ndidzulafhi 
Published: December 2024

In Vhavenda culture, a child who acts disrespectfully towards society is called “khundavhalai”, which means the one who has overcome those meant to guide them. This paper aims to explore the role of Khundavhalai in Vhavenda culture as they places a great importance on respect for elders and authority figures, and the term "khundavhalai" is frequently used to characterise a child who disobeys them. An exploratory qualitative narrative inquiry was used, and data was collected through interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select six Vhavenda-speaking elders who were knowledgeable about the expression. Data was merged into relevant themes using thematic analysis. This study was grounded in the Sankofa and Afro-centric theory as its theoretical framework. The main findings of the study demonstrated that (i) Khundavhalai” as an expression of Vhavenda culture, (ii) “Khundavhali” refers to a lack of awareness or understanding of the customs and traditions of a particular culture and finally Khundavhalai" refers not just to the child's behaviour, but also to broader social concerns in the Vhavenda community. Preserving culture in Vhavenda and similar societies involves teaching younger generations about their cultural heritage through schools, community programs, and family practices. Encouraging involvement in cultural events and practices to strengthen social bonds and foster a sense of identity and belonging. It’s crucial to maintain traditional practices while also adapting them to fit modern contexts, so they stay relevant and meaningful in today’s world. Neglecting indigenous practices could lead to more disobedient children and the erosion of cultural traditions, potentially causing language decline and further cultural loss.
THEORY OF TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS OF ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF HIGH-STRENGTH NANOSTRUCTURED COATINGS FOR ENHANCED SERVICE CHARACTERISTICS OF MILITARY AND CIVIL EQUIPMENT OBJECTS
Authors: Tkachuk Mykola M. , Pinchuk Nataliya , Meilekhov Andrii , Riaboshtan Valentyn , Tkachuk Mykola A. , Grabovskiy Andrey , Sierykov Volodymyr 
Published: December 2024

Modern military and civil equipment objects need to improve the service properties of the most critical and loaded contacting elements, which determine their tactical and technical characteristics. So far, traditional and new materials have exhausted such possibilities in many aspects. These capabilities can be dramatically increased by means of strengthening, in particular, application of nanostructured high-strength and multilayer nitride coatings based on titanium nitrides, zirconium, etc., as well as modified vacuum condensates. At the same time, for structural elements with closeshaped contacting surfaces, it is important to choose the structure, composition and methods of application of these high-strength and multilayer nitride coatings and pseudoalloys only in parallel with the analysis of their contact interaction. For this purpose, the paper develops new variational statements of contact problems, perform analysis and develop recommendations on improving the service properties of contacting elements of military and civil equipment objects by forming high-strength and multilayer nitride coatings and pseudoalloys. It is the combination of new author’s approaches in contact mechanics and in the physics of nanostructured metals, on the other hand, that provides the basis for breakthrough technical solutions of modern military and civil equipment objects with increased their tactical and technical characteristics: battle tanks, armored vehicles, robotic combat platforms, turbomachines.
MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM TERPADU DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-KAMAL WONODADI KABUPATEN BLITAR
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad Ainur , Fitri Agus Zaenul , Sulistyorini  
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas manajemen kurikulum terpadu di Pondok Pesantren Al-Kamal yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentas. Sedangkan keabsahan data yang digunakan melalui ketekunan pengamatan, diskusi dengan teman sejawat, trianggulasi sumber, metode dan waktu. Adapun hasi penelitian meliputi (1) Perencanaan kurikulum terpadu pada pembelajaran bahasa arab di pondok pesantren al-kamal dalam kriteria pembagian mata pelajaran sangat disesuaikan dengan tujuan adanya progam bahasa asing disini, dimana madrasah diniyah dipondok tersebut secara khusus mempelajari bahasa arab dari segi tata bahasa, menulis, cara membaca selain itu juga mempelajari tentang hadist, ushul fiqih agar membiasakan seorang santri ketika nantinya terjun ke masyarakat. Sedangkan, untuk pembelajaran bahasa arab modern di bawah naungan LPBA secara khusus di pondok tersebut untuk mempelajari muhadatsah sehingga nantinya diharapkan para santri tidak hanya mampu mempelajari bahasa arab dari segi kaidah tapi juga dari segi berbicara bahasa asing khususnya dalam bahasa arab. (2) Pelaksanaan kurikulum terpadu pada pembelajaran antara madrasah diniyah dan idhofiyah lughah di pondok al-kamal di ada tiga langkah inti yaitu kegiatan pendahuluan, inti dan penutup. kurikulum terpadu dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab terbagi dalam dua bagian. Pertama, salafiyah dibawah naungan madrasah diniyah untuk mempelajari kitab-kitab berbahasa arab. Kedua, kegiatan bahasa arab modern yang di bawah naungan LPBA terbagi dalam dua kelas besar yakni kelas persiapan (santri baru) dan kelas lanjutan, dimana kegiatan tersebut untuk melatih para setiap santri terbiasa menggunakan percakapan bahasa asing khususnya dalam bahasa arab, karena di pesantren ini pada kehidupan sehari-harinya menggunakan percakapan bahasa asing. (3) Evaluasi yang digunakan oleh pondok al-kamal secara garis besar yang di evaluasi meliputi : Pertama, tujuan pembelajaran yang memuat (ujian tulis, ujian lisan, ujian praktek). Kedua, evaluasi muatan kurikulum yang memuat (progam, strategi, kriteria ketuntasan belajar), Ketiga, hasil belajar, Keempat, evaluasi pengembangan kurikulum.
ИСТОРИЯ РЕГИОНОВ, ИЛИ “ТЕРРИТОРИЯ ИСТОРИКА”ПОСЛЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО ПОВОРОТА
Authors: Репина Л.П. 
Published: December 2024

Пространственный поворот конца XX начала XXI в. в истории и других гуманитарных науках существенно повлиял на обновление исследовательской проблематики и подходов, нацеленных на разностороннее понимание спатиальных структур в обществах прошлого и современности. Все чаще и увереннее мир воспринимается как пространство взаимодействия в большом времени Истории. Обсуждению последствий пространственного поворота была посвящена Международная научная конференция Пространства историй и истории пространств: метаморфозы восприятия, присвоение, созидание , которая состоялась в Институте международных отношений и мировой истории Нижегородского государственного университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского в ноябре 2018 года. Эта тема стала главной в настоящем выпуске нашего Диалога со временем . Развернутые тексты прозвучавших на конференции докладов, составили основу нескольких рубрик. В настоящей статье ставится вопрос о предметных полях и методологических трудностях различных версий глобальной, региональной и локальной истории, а также рассматривается роль некоторых пространственных метафор в историческом познании.
Spatial turn of the late XX early XXI c. in history and other humanities has significantly influenced the updating of research problems and approaches aimed at a diverse understanding of spatial structures in societies of the past and the present. More and more confidently, the world is perceived as a space of interaction in the great time of History. The consequences of the spatial turn were discussed during the International Scientific Conference Spaces of histories and the history of spaces: metamorphoses of perception, appropriation, creation, which took place at the Institute of International Relations and World History of Lobachevskys Nizhny Novgorod State University in November 2018. The topic has become central to this issue of our Journal. The detailed texts of the reports delivered at the conference formed the basis of several sections. This article raises the issue of subject fields and methodological difficulties of different versions of global, regional and local history, and discusses the role of some spatial metaphors in historical knowledge.
НИЛОТИКА: ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ ЕГИПТАКАК ЭКЗОТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВАНА ПРИМЕРЕ НИЛЬСКИХ СЦЕН
Authors: Чисталев М.С. 
Published: December 2024

Использование образа карликов в визуализации жителей долины Нила рассматривается как значимая составляющая определения характера и специфической роли Нильских сцен в римском представлении о Египте. Отмечается взаимосвязь перемены стилистики Нильских сцен и резкой стереотипизации сюжетных линий с изменениями в римской политике в отношении Египта, которая связана с его становлением как части Imperium Romanum.
This paper explores the use of the image of dwarfs in visualizing the inhabitants of the Nile Valley on the example of the Nilotic scenes as a significant component in determining the nature and specific role of the Nilotic scenes in the Roman perception of Egypt. It is noted the interrelation between the change in the style of the Nilotic scenes and the sharp stereotypification of subject lines with changes in the Roman policy towards Egypt, which is connected with its formation as part of Imperium Romanum.
THE RHIPAEAN MOUNTAINS ON THE EARLY PORTOLANS:INFLUENCE OF ANCIENT AND MEDIEVALTRADITIONAL CARTOGRAPHY?
Authors: Podossinov A.V. , Denisov A.O. 
Published: December 2024

The portolan chartsbelong to the cartographic products that show almost no continuity in comparison with the previous ancient and medieval maps. Naval maps contain accurate data on the configuration of the coasts of the Mediterranean, Black and Azov Seas with much realistic information about cities, ports, rivers, mountains and other cartographic objects. Portolan charts drastically break with medieval traditional cartography with its religious, mythological and fantastic images. However, they include the Riphaean Mountains, which were one of the most important marker of the north of Eurasia in antiquity and the Middle Ages. It seems that the cartographical portolans could not get rid of this element that was so important in the mythological picture of the world there exist several maps that show some mountains that could be Riphaean. It confirms the proposition that naval maps have some common features to traditional ones. In our paper we show, how the ancient and medieval geography represented the Riphaean Mountains and which traits in the portolan charts could be considered as echos of the traditional European cartography.
Карты-портоланы почти не демонстрируют преемственности по сравнению с предшествующими античными и средневековыми картами. Морские карты содержат точные данные о конфигурации побережий Средиземного, Чёрного и Азовского морей с большим количеством реалистичной информации о городах, портах, реках, горах и других картографических объектах. Карты-портоланы резко порывают со средневековой традиционной картографией с её религиозными, мифологическими и фантастическими образами. Однако они включают в себя Рифейские горы, которые были одним из самых важных указателей севера Евразии в Античности и Средние века. Несколько карт показывают некие горы, которые могут быть Рифейскими. Встатье показано, как античная и средневековая география представляла Рифейские горы и какие черты карт-портоланов могли бы рассматриваться как отголоски традиционной европейской картографии.
ВРАЧЕБНЫЙ ТЕКСТВ СВЕТЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ИСТОРИИ: КОВНО, 1827 ГОД
Authors: Вишленкова Е.А. , Затравкин С.Н. 
Published: December 2024

Авторы анализируют медицинские представления и отношения врачей и пациентов первой трети XIX века. Стимулом к тому послужил задокументированный конфликт, который разбирала виленская врачебная управа в 1827 году. Благодаря этому в государственный архив попали жалоба пациента на частнопрактикующего семейного врача, не сумевшего спасти двух его детей от скарлатины, а также оправдание доктора, и экспертиза его действий со стороны медицинских чиновников. Уникальные свидетельства позволили реконструировать медицинские знания ученых врачей и медицинские представления пациентов, уровень доверия к научной медицине, условия частной медицинской практики в Виленской губернии.
The authors analyze the medical knowledge and interactions of physicians and patients during the first third of the XIX century. The challenge was the documented conflict that the medical council in Vilno city dealt with in 1827. Thanks to this, the patients complaint about a private family doctor who could not save two his kids from scarlet fever, as well as the doctors justification, and his actions by medical officials ended up in the state archive. Unique testimonies made it possible to reconstruct the research knowledge of medical scientists and patients medical representations, the level of confidence in scientific medicine, and the conditions of private medical practice in Vilno province.
ВЛАДИМИР СВЯТОЙ КАК НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ГЕРОЙ ВОСКРЕШЕНИЕ ОБРАЗА
Authors: Ростовцев Е.А. , Сосницкий Д.А. 
Published: December 2024

В статье прослежена эволюция образа Владимире Святого в ХХ начале XXI в., показано его место в пантеоне российских и украинских национальных героев, высказаны аргументированные предположения о перспективах востребованности образа св. Владимира в исторической памяти. В фокусе статьи широкий комплекс источников формирования массовых исторических представлений о Владимире Святославовиче учебная литература, беллетристика, монументальная пропаганда, церковные коммеморации, аудиовизуальные источники.
The evolution of the image of Saint Vladimir in the XXth and the beginning of the XXIth c. are traced in the article. Also its place in the pantheon of Russian and Ukrainian national heroes is shown and the well-founded assumptions about the prospects for the demand for the image of St. Vladimir in historical memory are given in the paper. There is a wide range of sources of forming of mass views about Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (educational literature, fiction, monumental propaganda, church commemoration, audiovisual sources) in the focus of the article. The problem of the politics of memory, related to the image of the character in question takes an important place in the article.
Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Bracket in Bovine Teeth Submitted to Bleaching Agents
Authors: Noronha Thiago Pompeu , Motta Rogério Heládio Lopes 
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the influence of bleaching agents in the shear bond strength of orthodontic stainless steel bracket. The samples were composed by 90 bovine lower central incisors, which were divided into three groups named G1 (not submitted to bleaching), G2 (bleached with carbamide peroxide at 16%-Whiteness HP - FGM ®) and G3 (bleached with hydrogen peroxide at 35%-Whiteness HP, FGM ®). The teeth were stored in distilled water at a temperature of 37oC for 24 hours and 30 days was expected for the bonding of brackets Gemini 3M (3M - Unitek ®), after a wait period of 30 days the brackets were placed to all groups of samples, applied with the composite Transbond XT (3M/ESPE®). The shear bond test was performed in material testing machine EMIC DL 2000, carried under a deformation speed of 0.5 mm / min. The G1 presented an average strength of 6,05 (±3,47) MPa, while the G2 presented an average resistance of 2,52 (±1,69) MPa, and the G3 demonstrated 1,58 (±1,17) MPa. The results concluded that the dental bleaching induced, in the experimental model used, significant reduction of shear strength of brackets bonded to dental elements subjected to both in-home and in-clinic bleaching. These findings suggest that adherence of the resin used in the placement of the brackets was damaged by bleaching. Therefore, the most affected in the analysis of shear bond strength was first the in-clinic bleaching, followed by in-home bleaching and at last the control group and the greater the concentration of bleach is less shear strength. So it is suggested to perform the bleaching treatment after orthodontic treatment.