bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-border stratigraphy of the Northern, Central and Southern North Sea: a comparative tectono-stratigraphic megasequence synthesis
Authors: Patruno Stefano , Kombrink Henk , Archer Stuart G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Devonian–Recent tectono-stratigraphic history of the Northern, Central and Southern North Sea is here reviewed at a regional scale and four novel cross-border pseudo-Wheeler diagrams are presented to summarize the stratigraphic evolution of the cycles of basin fill and uplift/erosion. In this scheme, six first-order megasequence boundaries have been defined, characterized by extensive and long-lasting erosional hiatuses and major coastal regressions: (1) Caledonian (or Base Devonian) Unconformity; (2) Variscan–Saalian (or Base Permian) Unconformity; (3) Mid Cimmerian (or Intra-Aalenian) Unconformity; (4) Late Cimmerian (or Base Cretaceous) Unconformity; (5) Atlantean (or Near-Base Tertiary) Unconformity; and (6) Eridanos (or Mid-Miocene) Unconformity. These surfaces have been linked to regional causal factors ranging from orogenesis-related compressional uplifts, in either active plate margin settings (1) or foreland basin settings (2), to intra-plate dynamically supported uplifts associated with the development of mantle plumes (3, 5 and 6) and the end-of-rifting and associated widespread erosion of tilted fault block crests (4). The aforementioned megasequence boundaries punctuate the geodynamic evolution of the North Sea area and facilitate the subdivision of the entire the North Sea sedimentary basin fill into six megasequences, named here A–F. All of the lithostratigraphic units of the North Sea (formations and members) have been described within the context of this first-order tectono-stratigraphic framework. The correlation powers of certain stratigraphic markers are also compared and contrasted, together with the potential cross-border equivalence of sedimentary units on different sides of the political median lines.
Current synthesis of the penultimate icehouse and its imprint on the Upper Devonian through Permian stratigraphic record
Authors: Montañez Isabel Patricia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Icehouses are the less common climate state on Earth, and thus it is notable that the longest-lived (
c.
370 to 260 Ma) and possibly most extensive and intense of icehouse periods spanned the Carboniferous Period. Mid- to high-latitude glaciogenic deposits reveal a dynamic glaciation–deglaciation history with ice waxing and waning from multiple ice centres and possible transcontinental ice sheets during the apex of glaciation. New high-precision U–Pb ages confirm a hypothesized west-to-east progression of glaciation through the icehouse, but reveal that its demise occurred as a series of synchronous and widespread deglaciations. The dynamic glaciation history, along with repeated perturbations to Earth System components, are archived in the low-latitude stratigraphic record, revealing similarities to the Cenozoic icehouse. Further assessing the phasing between climate, oceanographic, and biotic changes during the icehouse requires additional chronostratigraphic constraints. Astrochronology permits the deciphering of time, at high resolution, in the late Paleozoic record as has been demonstrated in deep- and quiet-water deposits. Rigorous testing for astronomical forcing in low-latitude cyclothemic successions, which have a direct link to higher-latitude glaciogenic records through inferred glacioeustasy, however, will require a comprehensive approach that integrates new techniques with further optimization and additional independent age constraints given challenges associated with shallow-marine to terrestrial records.
First report of Lipotriches (Rhopalomelissa) parca (Kohl, 1906) (Halictidae: Nomiinae) from India
Authors: Majumder Bhaswati , Rameshkumar Anandhan , Kazmi Sarfrazul Islam 
Published: September 2021

Lipotriches (Rhopalomelissa) parca (Kohl, 1906) is reported for the first time in India. Diagnostic features and updated distributional data for L. parca are also provided.
Integrated Stress Response Couples Mitochondrial Protein Translation With Oxidative Stress Control
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Wang Xiaoding , Li Chao , Li Qinfeng , An Yu A. , Luo Xiang , Deng Yingfeng , Gillette Thomas G. , Scherer Philipp E. , Wang Zhao V. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
The integrated stress response (ISR) is an evolutionarily conserved process to cope with intracellular and extracellular disturbances. Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death worldwide. Coronary artery reperfusion, the most effective means to mitigate cardiac damage of myocardial infarction, causes additional reperfusion injury. This study aimed to investigate the role of the ISR in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Methods:
Cardiac-specific gain- and loss-of-function approaches for the ISR were used in vivo. Myocardial I/R was achieved by ligation of the cardiac left anterior descending artery for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion for different times. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Cultured H9c2 cells, primary rat cardiomyocytes, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts were used to dissect underlying molecular mechanisms. Tandem mass tag labeling and mass spectrometry was conducted to identify protein targets of the ISR. Pharmacologic means were tested to manipulate the ISR for therapeutic exploration.

Results:
We show that the PERK (PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum resident kinase)/eIF2α (α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2) axis of the ISR is strongly induced by I/R in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. We further reveal a physiologic role of PERK/eIF2α signaling by showing that acute activation of PERK in the heart confers robust cardioprotection against reperfusion injury. In contrast, cardiac-specific deletion of PERK aggravates cardiac responses to reperfusion. Mechanistically, the ISR directly targets mitochondrial complexes through translational suppression. We identify NDUFAF2 (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 2), an assembly factor of mitochondrial complex I, as a selective target of PERK. Overexpression of PERK suppresses the protein expression of NDUFAF2 and PERK inhibition causes an increase of NDUFAF2. Silencing of NDUFAF2 significantly rescues cardiac cell survival from PERK knockdown under I/R. We show that activation of PERK/eIF2α signaling reduces mitochondrial complex–derived reactive oxygen species and improves cardiac cell survival in response to I/R. Moreover, pharmacologic stimulation of the ISR protects the heart against reperfusion damage, even after the restoration of occluded coronary artery, highlighting clinical relevance for myocardial infarction treatment.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that the ISR improves cell survival and mitigates reperfusion damage by selectively suppressing mitochondrial protein synthesis and reducing oxidative stress in the heart.
Coronary Artery Calcification and Plaque Characteristics in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Soares Cullen , Samara Amjad , Yuyun Matthew F. , Echouffo‐Tcheugui Justin B. , Masri Ahmad , Samara Ahmad , Morrison Alan R. , Lin Nina , Wu Wen‐Chih , Erqou Sebhat 
Published: September 2021

Background
Studies have reported that people living with HIV have higher burden of subclinical cardiovascular disease, but the data are not adequately synthesized. We performed meta‐analyses of studies of coronary artery calcium and coronary plaque in people living with HIV.

Methods and Results
We performed systematic search in electronic databases, and data were abstracted in standardized forms. Study‐specific estimates were pooled using meta‐analysis. 43 reports representing 27 unique studies and involving 10 867 participants (6699 HIV positive, 4168 HIV negative, mean age 52 years, 86% men, 32% Black) were included. The HIV‐positive participants were younger (mean age 49 versus 57 years) and had lower Framingham Risk Score (mean score 6 versus 18) compared with the HIV‐negative participants. The pooled estimate of percentage with coronary artery calcium >0 was 45% (95% CI, 43%–47%) for HIV‐positive participants, and 52% (50%–53%) for HIV‐negative participants. This difference was no longer significant after adjusting for difference in Framingham Risk Score between the 2 groups. The odds ratio of coronary artery calcium progression for HIV‐positive versus ‐negative participants was 1.64 (95% CI, 0.91–2.37). The pooled estimate for prevalence of noncalcified plaque was 49% (95% CI, 47%–52%) versus 20% (95% CI, 17%–23%) for HIV‐positive versus HIV‐negative participants, respectively. Odds ratio for noncalcified plaque for HIV‐positive versus ‐negative participants was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.08–1.38). There was significant heterogeneity that was only partially explained by available study‐level characteristics.

Conclusions
People living with HIV have higher prevalence of noncalcified coronary plaques and similar prevalence of coronary artery calcium, compared with HIV‐negative individuals. Future studies on coronary artery calcium and plaque progression can further elucidate subclinical atherosclerosis in people living with HIV.
Identification of Frailty Using a Claims‐Based Frailty Index in the CoreValve Studies: Findings from the EXTEND‐FRAILTY Study
Authors: Strom Jordan B. , Xu Jiaman , Orkaby Ariela R. , Shen Changyu , Charest Brian R. , Kim Dae H. , Cohen David J. , Kramer Daniel B. , Spertus John A. , Gerszten Robert E. , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: September 2021

Background
In aortic valve disease, the relationship between claims‐based frailty indices (CFIs) and validated measures of frailty constructed from in‐person assessments is unclear but may be relevant for retrospective ascertainment of frailty status when otherwise unmeasured.

Methods and Results

We linked adults aged ≥65 years in the US CoreValve Studies (linkage rate, 67%; mean age, 82.7±6.2 years, 43.1% women), to Medicare inpatient claims, 2011 to 2015. The Johns Hopkins CFI, validated on the basis of the Fried index, was generated for each study participant, and the association between CFI tertile and trial outcomes was evaluated as part of the EXTEND‐FRAILTY substudy. Among 2357 participants (64.9% frail), higher CFI tertile was associated with greater impairments in nutrition, disability, cognition, and self‐rated health. The primary outcome of all‐cause mortality at 1 year occurred in 19.3%, 23.1%, and 31.3% of those in tertiles 1 to 3, respectively (tertile 2 versus 1: hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.98–1.51;
P
=0.07; tertile 3 versus 1: hazard ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.41–2.12;
P
<0.001). Secondary outcomes (bleeding, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and hospitalization) were more frequent with increasing CFI tertile and persisted despite adjustment for age, sex, New York Heart Association class, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score.

Conclusions
In linked Medicare and CoreValve study data, a CFI based on the Fried index consistently identified individuals with worse impairments in frailty, disability, cognitive dysfunction, and nutrition and a higher risk of death, hospitalization, bleeding, and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, independent of age and risk category. While not a surrogate for validated metrics of frailty using in‐person assessments, use of this CFI to ascertain frailty status among patients with aortic valve disease may be valid and prognostically relevant information when otherwise not measured.
Chinese red panda (Ailurus styani) has stable individual-level laterality of anogenital rubbing
Authors: Lin Yi , Liu Qunxiu , Song Ningning , Zhang Endi , Chen Min 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Behavioural laterality was widely discovered in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, reports of behavioural laterality in scent-marking are scarce and focused on limb preference during scent-marking. In this study, we observed another scent-marking behaviour, anogenital rubbing, which involved whole-body movement, in zoo-housed Chinese red pandas. We recorded the moving direction of the buttocks when initiating anogenital rubbing. Our results showed that three of our subjects were explicitly left-biased when initiating anogenital rubbing and the other one showed more left initiation although there was no statistical significance. Besides, the laterality was consistent across the whole observational period. This is the first report of laterality in anogenital rubbing, perhaps indicating hemispheric specialization for chemical communication in the Chinese red panda.
Branding Salafism: Salafi Missionaries as Social Media Influencers
Authors: Sorgenfrei Simon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the social media activity of Swedish Salafi missionaries in the light of theories about influencer marketing and branding. Making use of source material from the Instagram accounts of the preacher Anas Khalifa and the preachers Abdulwadud Frank, Abdullah as-Sueidi, and Moosa Assal, the last three of whom are associated with the organisation Islam.nu, this article investigates how social media can be used as tools for missionary endeavours, how Salafism might be branded on Instagram, and how religious authority and authenticity are fashioned online.
Excitation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in Atmospheric Adjustment to Equatorial Heating
Authors: Liang Yu , Fedorov Alexey V. , Zeitlin Vladimir , Haertel Patrick 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study the adjustment of the tropical atmosphere to localized surface heating using a Lagrangian atmospheric model (LAM) that simulates a realistic Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO)—the dominant, eastward-propagating mode of tropical intraseasonal variability modulating atmospheric convection. Idealized warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of different aspect ratios and magnitudes are imposed in the equatorial Indian Ocean during MJO-neutral conditions and then maintained for 15 days. The experiments then continue for several more months. Throughout these experiments, we observe a robust generation of an MJO event, evident in precipitation, velocity, temperature, and moisture fields, which becomes a key element of atmospheric adjustment along with the expected Kelvin and Rossby waves. The MJO circulation pattern gradually builds up during the first week, and then starts to propagate eastward at a speed of 5–7 m s−1. The upper-level quadrupole circulation characteristic of the MJO becomes evident around day 14, with two anticyclonic gyres generated by the Gill-type response to convective heating and two cyclonic gyres forced by the excited Kelvin waves and extratropical Rossby wave trains. A moisture budget analysis shows that the eastward propagation of the MJO is controlled largely by the anomalous advection of moisture and by the residual between anomalous moisture accumulation due to converging winds and precipitation. The initial MJO event is followed by successive secondary events, maintaining the MJO for several more cycles. Thus, this study highlights the fundamental role that the MJO can play in the adjustment of the moist equatorial atmosphere to localized surface heating.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? South Indian Artisanal Fishers’ Precarious Livelihoods and Their Engagement with Categorical Ocean Forecasts
Authors: Martin Max , Abhilash S. , Pattathil Vijaykumar , Harikumar R. , Niyas N. T. , Nair T. M. Balakrishnan , Grover Yatin , Osella Filippo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ocean State Forecasts contribute to safe and sustainable fishing in India, but their usage among artisanal fishers is often limited. Our research in Thiruvananthapuram district in the southern Indian state of Kerala tested forecast quality and value and how fishers engage with forecasts. In two fishing villages, we verified forecast accuracy, skill, and reliability by comparing forecasts with observations during the 2018 monsoon season (June–September; n = 122). We assessed forecast value by analyzing fishers’ perceptions of weather and risks and the way they used forecasts based on 8 focus group discussions, 20 interviews, conversations, and logs of 10 fishing boats. We find that while forecasts are mostly accurate, inadequate forecasting of unusual events (e.g., wind >45 km h−1) and frequent fishing restrictions (n = 32) undermine their value. Fishers seek more localized and detailed forecasts, but they do not always use them. Weather forecasts are just one of the tools artisanal fishers deploy, used not simply to decide as to whether to go to sea but also to manage potential risks, allowing them to prepare for fishing under hazardous conditions. Their decisions are also based on the availability of fish and their economic needs. From our findings, we suggest that political, economic, and social marginality of south Indian fishers influences their perceptions and responses to weather-related risks. Therefore, improving forecast usage requires not only better forecast skill and wide dissemination of tailor-made weather information, but also better appreciation of risk cultures and the livelihood imperatives of artisanal fishing communities.
Effect of anterior overbite malocclusion on smile esthetics in adult patients
Authors: Cheng Johnson Hsin-Chung , Lee Tracy Yi-Hsuan , Cheng Pei-Chin , Chen Daniel De-Shing 
Published: September 2021

Objective To investigate whether overbite affects smile esthetics. Methods This study involved 106 patients with complete pretreatment records. Lateral cephalometric tracings were used to measure hard tissue variables. Frontal smile and upper occlusal photographs were used to measure nine smile esthetic variables: arc ratio, number of teeth, upper incisor exposure, upper midline, buccal corridor ratio, smile index, archform index, lower teeth exposure, and interlabial gap. The patients were classified into three groups according to their overbites (B1: 0–4 mm, B2: >4 mm, and B3: <0 mm). Analysis of variance was performed to compare 14 cephalometric measurements and the 9 smile esthetic variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the influencing cephalometric factors. Results Only upper incisor exposure was significantly different among the groups. In the multiple linear regression analysis, upper incisor exposure was positively associated with the distance from the upper incisor to the palatal plane in Group B2. No significant correlations were observed between cephalometric measurements and smile variables in Groups B1 and B3. Conclusions Smile variables were not significantly different among patients with various overbite malocclusions with the exception of upper incisor exposure. Overbite malocclusions do not appear to influence smile esthetics in adult patients.
DICER-AS1 functions as competing endogenous RNA that targets CSR1 by sponging microRNA-650 and suppresses gastric cancer progression
Authors: An Junyan , Guo Xiaoling , Yan Bingli 
Published: September 2021

Objective This study explored the functional interactions between the long non-coding RNA DICER-AS1 and the cellular stress response 1 ( CSR1) gene in gastric cancer. Methods Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were used to measure DICER-AS1, CSR1, and miR-650 expression levels. Gastric cancer cell line proliferation and migration abilities were analyzed using the MTT and transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays were employed to study the functional interactions among miR-650, DICER-AS1, and CSR1. Results DICER-AS1 and CSR1 expression levels were significantly decreased in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, and qPCR analysis showed that miR-650 was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that DICER-AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA that sponged miR-650, which in turn regulated CSR1 expression. Importantly, ectopic DICER-AS1 and CSR1 expression inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro and suppressed xenograft tumorgenicity in vivo. Conclusions These results suggest that DICER-AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA that regulates miR-650 to suppress proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by targeting CSR1. These findings indicate that targeting DICER-AS1 and miR-650 could be a novel treatment for gastric cancer.
Transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities and interstitial lung disease in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer treated with osimertinib
Authors: Taronna Gianluca , Leonetti Alessandro , Gustavo Dall’Olio Filippo , Rizzo Alessandro , Parisi Claudia , Buti Sebastiano , Bordi Paola , Brocchi Stefano , Golfieri Rita , Ardizzoni Andrea , Sverzellati Nicola , Tiseo Marcello 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved as first-line therapy for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some osimertinib-related interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) were shown to be transient, called transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities (TAPO)—clinically benign pulmonary opacities that resolve despite continued osimertinib treatment—and are not associated with the clinical manifestations of typical TKI-associated ILDs. Methods: In this multicentric study, we retrospectively analyzed 92 patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with osimertinib. Computed tomography (CT) examinations were reviewed by two radiologists and TAPO were classified according to radiologic pattern. We also analyzed associations between TAPO and patients’ clinical variables and compared clinical outcomes (time to treatment failure and overall survival) for TAPO-positive and TAPO-negative groups. Results: TAPO were found in 18/92 patients (19.6%), with a median follow-up of 114 weeks. Median onset time was 16 weeks (range 6–80) and median duration time 14 weeks (range 8–37). The most common radiologic pattern was focal ground-glass opacity (54.5%). We did not find any individual clinical variable significantly associated with the onset of TAPO or significant difference in clinical outcomes between TAPO-positive and TAPO-negative groups. Conclusions: TAPO are benign pulmonary findings observed in patients treated with osimertinib. TAPO variability in terms of CT features can hinder the differential diagnosis with either osimertinib-related mild ILD or tumor progression. However, because TAPO are asymptomatic, it could be reasonable to continue therapy and verify the resolution of the CT findings at follow-up in selected cases.