bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic functional connectivity changes in the triple networks and its association with cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Cao Jianghui , Liu Guangzhi , Li Xuekun , Yue Zheng , Ren Jipeng , Zhu Wei , Wu Baolin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionCognitive impairment is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. The "triple‐network model" that consists of the salience network (SN), central executive network (CEN), and default mode network (DMN) has been suggested to play an important role in various cognitive functions. However, dynamic functional connectivity (FC) alterations within the triple networks have not been investigated in HD patients.MethodsSixty‐six HD patients and 66 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The triple networks were identified using a group spatial independent component analysis, and dynamic FC was analyzed using a sliding window approach and k‐means clustering algorithm. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationships between altered dynamic FC parameters and clinical variables in HD patients.ResultsThe intrinsic brain FC within the triple networks was clustered into four configuration states. Compared with HCs, HD patients spent more time in State 1, which was characterized by weak connections between the DMN and CEN and SN. HD patients showed lower number of transitions across different states than HCs. Moreover, the number of transitions and mean dwell time in State 1 were associated with cognitive performance in HD patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest abnormal dynamic FC properties within the triple networks in HD patients, which may provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of their cognitive deficits from the perspective of dynamic FC.
High risk of drug toxicity in social isolation stress due to liver dysfunction: Role of oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Zahir Maziar , Shariatzadeh Siavash , Khosravi Ayda , Alshaikh Fatima Ahmed , Moradi Parichehr , Ghaderi Milad , Farsinejad Parsa , Louyeh Parisa Afraz , Ilkhani Saba , Nakhaei Pooria , Taheri Amin , Fagheh Avid Farhang , Akhavan‐Sigari Reza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground: Previous studies have shown that social isolation stress (SIS) could associate with several systemic diseases; however, the role of SIS on liver dysfunction has yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SIS on liver function and possible drug toxicity through liver inflammation and oxidative stress.Methods: Male Naval Medical Research Institute mice in two groups of SIS and control were treated with typical anti‐depressant and anxiolytic agents including fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, desipramine, and imipramine in both groups. Then blood concentrations (or their active metabolites) of these drugs were assessed. Liver function test, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin), oxidative activity, inflammatory cytokines, and the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes were assessed.Results: We observed that the liver enzymes including AST and ALT was slightly higher in SIS animals. The blood concentrations of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, desipramine, and imipramine were significantly higher in SIS animals. The gene expression of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C29, and CYP2D were significantly decreased in SIS animals. Our results showed that SIS animals had significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐6. SIS could significantly decrease the activity of antioxidant agent (Glutathione).Conclusion: We hypothesized that SIS could induce liver dysfunction and decrease the rate of drug clearance through liver inflammation and oxidative stress; therefore, the blood concentration of anti‐depressant/anxiolytic agents should closely monitor in SIS due to the high toxicity of these agents.
RETRACTED: Psychological effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Perceived stress, anxiety, work–family imbalance, and coping strategies among healthcare professionals in Khartoum state hospitals, Sudan, 2021
Authors: Mahgoub Ibrahim M. , Abdelrahman Amani , Abdallah Tibyan A. , Mohamed Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Abdelrahman ElMuiz , Salih Zeinab Mohammed Amara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) is highly contagious and can spread a pandemic, so it is related to serious health issues and major public concerns, and is considered by the medical community to be the greatest concern because it is the greatest risk of infection.ObjectiveTo identify and assess the psychological effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on healthcare professionals in Khartoum state hospitals 2021.Materials and methodsGeneralized Anxiety Scale (GAD‐7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10), and Work–Family Balance Measure Scale were used to assess the psychological impact of doctors and nurses working in four big hospitals in Sudan, by an online questionnaire, analyzed by the statistical package for social science (SPSS) during February.ResultsMost of the participants had minimal to mild anxiety according to GAD‐7 score, 121 (35.2%) and 103 (29.9%), respectively. Using PSS‐10, the cutoff point was determined as 19 as the mean for total score was 19.2 ± 6.2, accordingly, more than half had high levels of stress (scored 19 and above) 189 (54.9%). For the Work–Family Balance Scale, 10 was regarded as the cutoff point. There was a significant association between specialty and stress level p‐value .032. No significant correlations were found between age and stress level, neither between age and anxiety level (r −.100, p‐value .064 and r = −.022, p‐value .683, respectively).ConclusionMore than half of healthcare professionals (54.9%) showed high levels of stress. Most of the healthcare professionals had poor work–family balance (60.2%).
Comparison of the possible histopathological changes of the rat neonatal cerebellum induced by toxic and nontoxic doses of biological silver nanoparticles with chemical silver nanoparticles
Authors: Mirkatuli Hanieh Alsadat , Baghbani Mohammadhasan , Yahyaei Behrooz 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionToday, due to the increasing application of silver nanoparticles in medical products, it is necessary to pay attention to the user's safety. There are three methods, namely, chemical, physical, and biological, used for the production of nanoparticles. Although the first two methods might introduce health hazards, the latter is hypothetically safe. In this study, we examined the histopathological changes in the cerebellum of neonatal Wistar rats induced by injection of toxic and nontoxic doses of silver nanoparticles, which were produced by green synthetic method and were compared with chemical silver nanoparticles.MethodsThis study was a laboratory interventional study performed on 25 Wistar rats in the Animal Laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Shahrood. These rats were divided into five groups of the control group, the group with nonpoisonous injection of chemical nanoparticles, the group with nonpoisonous injection of biological nanoparticles, the group with injection of poisonous chemical nanoparticles, and the group with injection of poisonous biological nanoparticles. The rats were impregnated by the males of the same race and the cerebellum of their offspring was studied after birth.ResultsWe found that the injection of nonpoisonous chemical nanoparticles caused hyperemia, inappropriate size, and dark cytoplasm in some Purkinje cells. Also, injection of poisonous chemical nanoparticles caused hyperemia and cellular dispersion in the molecular layer, caused abnormal shapes, and reduced the number of cells in Purkinje cells. However, injection of poisonous and nonpoisonous biological nanoparticles did not alter cerebellum cells nor did it cause any inflammation or hyperemia.ConclusionIn contrast with chemical nanoparticles, biological nanoparticles have less significant effect on the cerebellum cells.
How do therapists assess suitability? A qualitative study exploring therapists' judgements of treatment suitability for depressed adolescents
Authors: Nakajima Mikoto , Dykiert Dominika , Wilkinson Paul , Midgley Nick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the need for a better understanding of treatment suitability, how it is determined by therapists in real‐life practice is still unknown. The study aimed to explore how therapists working with depressed teenagers make judgements about treatment suitability across three treatment modalities: (a) Short‐term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, (b) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, and (c) Brief Psychosocial Intervention.MethodsThe study used a qualitative analysis within a randomised controlled trial. Therapists' judgements of treatment suitability were studied via an exploratory content analysis. This trial is registered with current controlled trials, number ISRCTN83033550.Results and DiscussionA wide range of factors were considered in therapists' judgements of suitability, with significant variation in themes across treatment modalities. Although a much higher number of therapists judged the allocated treatment modality to be suitable to the client than not, many also indicated ambivalence and uncertainty towards their decision‐making. This demonstrates a possibility that treatment suitability may be more accurately assessed as a continuum over multiple time points throughout treatment.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Methyl‐3‐aminobenzofurans Using Calcium Carbide as a Concise Solid Alkyne Source
Authors: Ma Xiaolong , Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Zhenrong , Li Zheng 
Published: August 2021

Main observation and conclusionA one‐pot three‐component method for the synthesis of 2‐methyl‐3‐aminobenzofurans using calcium carbide as a concise solid alkyne source, and salicylaldehydes and secondary amines as starting materials is described. This protocol has salient feature of the use of inexpensive, abundant and easy‐to‐handle alkyne source, avoiding the use of inflammable and explosive acetylene gas as an original alkyne source. In addition, step economy, satisfactory yield, and simple work‐up procedure are also advantages of this route.
Diversification of the calponin family proteins by gene amplification and repeat expansion of calponin‐like motifs
Authors: Ono Shoichiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe calponin family proteins in vertebrates, including calponin and transgelin (also known as SM22 or NP25), regulate actin‐myosin interaction and actin filament stability and are involved in regulation of muscle contractility and cell migration. Related proteins are also present in invertebrates and fungi. Animals have multiple genes encoding calponin family proteins with variable molecular features, which are often expressed in the same tissues or cells. However, functional studies of this class of proteins have been reported only in limited species. Through database searches, I found that the calponin family proteins were diversified in animals by gene amplification and repeat expansion of calponin‐like (CLIK) motifs, which function as actin‐binding sequences. Transgelin‐like proteins with a single CLIK motif are the most primitive type and present in fungi and animals. In many animals, additional calponin family proteins containing multiple CLIK motifs, as represented by vertebrate calponins with three CLIK motifs, are present. Interestingly, in several invertebrate species, there are uncharacterized calponin‐related proteins with highly expanded repeats of CLIK motifs (up to 23 repeats in mollusks). These variable molecular features of the calponin family proteins may be results of evolutionary adaptation to a broad range of cell biological events.
Palaeoneurology of the early cretaceous iguanodont Proa valdearinnoensis and its bearing on the parallel developments of cognitive abilities in theropod and ornithopod dinosaurs
Authors: Knoll Fabien , Lautenschlager Stephan , Kawabe Soichiro , Martínez Gloria , Espílez Eduardo , Mampel Luis , Alcalá Luis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProa valdearinnoensis is a relatively large‐headed and stocky iguanodontian dinosaur from the latest Early Cretaceous of Spain. Its braincase is known from three specimens. Similar to that of other dinosaurs, it shows a mosaic ossification pattern in which most of the bones seem to have fused together indistinguishably while a few (frontoparietal, basioccipital) might have remained loosely attached. The endocasts of the three specimens are described based on CT data and digital reconstructions. They show unmistakable morphological similarities with the endocast of closely related taxa, such as Sirindhorna khoratensis (which is close in age but from Thailand). This supports a high conservatism of the endocranial cavity. The issue of volumetric correspondence between endocranial cavity and brain in dinosaurs is analyzed. Although a brain‐to‐endocranial cavity (BEC) index of 0.50 has been traditionally used, we employ instead 0.73. This is indeed the mid‐value between the situation in adults of Alligator mississippiensis and Gallus gallus, which are members of the extant bracketing taxa of dinosaurs (Crocodilia and Aves). We thence gauge the level of encephalization of P. valdearinnoensis through the calculation of the encephalization quotient (EQ), which remains valuable as a metric for assessing the degree of cognitive function in extinct taxa, especially those with fully ossified braincases like dinosaurs and other archosaurs. The EQ obtained for P. valdearinnoensis (3.611) suggests that this species was significantly more encephalized than most if not all extant nonavian, nonmammalian amniotes. Our work adds to the growing body of data concerning theoretical cognitive capabilities in dinosaurs and supports the idea that an increasing encephalization was fostered not only in theropods but also in parallel in the shorter‐lived lineage of ornithopods. P. valdearinnoensis was ill‐equipped to respond to theropod dinosaurs and possibly lived in groups as a strategy to mitigate the risk of being predated upon. We hypothesize that group‐living and protracted caring of juveniles in this and possibly many other iguanodontian ornithopods favored a degree of encephalization that was outstanding by reptile standards.
Execution‐Cache‐Memory modeling and performance tuning of sparse matrix‐vector multiplication and Lattice quantum chromodynamics on A64FX
Authors: Alappat Christie , Meyer Nils , Laukemann Jan , Gruber Thomas , Hager Georg , Wellein Gerhard , Wettig Tilo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe A64FX CPU is arguably the most powerful Arm‐based processor design to date. Although it is a traditional cache‐based multicore processor, its peak performance and memory bandwidth rival accelerator devices. A good understanding of its performance features is of paramount importance for developers who wish to leverage its full potential. We present an architectural analysis of the A64FX used in the Fujitsu FX1000 supercomputer at a level of detail that allows for the construction of Execution‐Cache‐Memory performance models for steady‐state loops. In the process we identify architectural peculiarities that point to viable generic optimization strategies. After validating the model using simple streaming loops we apply the insight gained to sparse matrix‐vector multiplication (SpMV) and the domain wall (DW) kernel from quantum chromodynamics. For SpMV we show why the compressed row storage (CRS) matrix storage format is not a good practical choice on this architecture and how the SELL‐C‐ format can achieve bandwidth saturation. For the DW kernel we provide a cache‐reuse analysis and show how an appropriate choice of data layout for complex arrays can realize memory‐bandwidth saturation in this case as well. A comparison with state‐of‐the‐art high‐end Intel Cascade Lake AP and Nvidia V100 systems puts the capabilities of the A64FX into perspective. We also explore the potential for power optimizations using the tuning knobs provided by the Fugaku system, achieving energy savings of about 31% for SpMV and 18% for DW.
Nine‐month old infants’ hand preference shows no link to concurrent or later vocabulary
Authors: Nicoladis Elena , Barbosa Poliana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown a link between language abilities and right hand preference (RHP) for both object manipulation and pointing between 10 and 18 months of age. For infants, RHP can still be unstable. The purpose of the present study was to test whether the link between vocabulary and RHP exists among 9‐month‐old infants. The study included 88 infants who were observed in videotaped free‐play interactions with their mothers at 9 months of age. The infants’ hand preference was coded for touching objects and pointing. The children's vocabulary was measured at 9, 12, and 18 months of age. The results showed a small and significant RHP for touching objects and no significant RHP for pointing. The degree of RHP was not correlated with vocabulary scores at any age. One interpretation of these results is that, for the infants in this study, the lateralization for motor abilities was still stabilizing and therefore showed no relationship with their vocabulary. If so, this result is consistent with the argument that language lateralization builds on the lateralization for skilled and/or communicative movement.
Transmission of paternal retrieval behavior from fathers to sons in a biparental rodent
Authors: Becker Elizabeth A. , Leithead Amanda B. , Libo Natalya , Kumerow Marie T. , Goetsch Lauren , Marler Catherine A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransmission of maternal behavior across generations occurs, but less is known about paternal behavior. In biparental species like the California mouse (Peromyscus californicus), paternal care contributes to the well‐being of offspring with lasting consequences on the brain and behavior. Paternal huddling/grooming behavior can be passed on to future generations, but whether paternal retrieval, which removes young from potential harm, is transmitted independently is unclear. We manipulated paternal retrieval experience through pup displacement manipulations, then examined whether males exposed to higher levels of paternal retrieval in development altered their adult retrieval behavior with their offspring. Males exposed to heightened paternal retrievals, as compared to reduced retrievals, retrieved their offspring more often but huddled/groomed offspring less during undisturbed natural observations. No differences were observed following a pup displacement challenge. The high paternal retrieval group also exhibited more physical activity and stereotypy. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that paternal retrieval levels are transmitted across generations and may function via mechanisms separate from huddling/grooming. One modifying factor may be anxiety because increased activity and stereotypy occurred in the high retrieval group. We speculate how the transmission of paternal retrievals may inform a protective parenting style.
Do infants avoid a traversable slope leading into deep water?
Authors: Burnay Carolina , Button Chris , Cordovil Rita , Anderson David I. , Croft James L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRamps used to access swimming pools are designed with a shallow slope that affords easy access for all including infants. Locomotor experience has been linked to infants’ avoidance of falling into the water from drop‐offs; however, the effect of such experience on infants’ behavior when a slope is offered to access the water has not been addressed. Forty‐three crawling infants (Mage = 10.63 ± 1.91 months; Mcrawling = 2.38 ± 1.77 months) and 34 walking infants (Mage = 14.90 ± 2.18 months; Mwalking = 2.59 ± 1.56 months) were tested on a new Water Slope paradigm, a sloped surface (10°) leading to deep water. No association between infants’ avoidance of submersion and locomotor experience was found. Comparison with the results of infants’ behavior on the water cliff revealed that a greater proportion of infants reached the submersion point on the water slope than fell into the water cliff. Collectively, these results indicate a high degree of specificity in which locomotor experience teaches infants about risky situations. Importantly, sloped access to deep water appears to increase the risk of infants moving into the water thereby making them more vulnerable to drowning.
Paternal adverse childhood experiences: Associations with infant DNA methylation
Authors: Merrill Sarah M. , Moore Sarah R. , Gladish Nicole , Giesbrecht Gerald F. , Dewey Deborah , Konwar Chaini , MacIssac Julia L. , Kobor Michael S. , Letourneau Nicole L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs), or cumulative childhood stress exposures, such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, predict later health problems in both the exposed individuals and their offspring. One potential explanation suggests exposure to early adversity predicts epigenetic modification, especially DNA methylation (DNAm), linked to later health. Stress experienced preconception by mothers may associate with DNAm in the next generation. We hypothesized that fathers’ exposure to ACEs also associates with their offspring DNAm, which, to our knowledge, has not been previously explored. An epigenome‐wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNAm (n = 45) from 3‐month‐old infants was regressed onto fathers’ retrospective ACEs at multiple Cytosine‐phosphate‐Guanosine (CpG) sites to discover associations. This accounted for infants’ sex, age, ethnicity, cell type proportion, and genetic variability. Higher ACE scores associated with methylation values at eight CpGs. Post‐hoc analysis found no contribution of paternal education, income, marital status, and parental postpartum depression, but did with paternal smoking and BMI along with infant sleep latency. These same CpGs also contributed to the association between paternal ACEs and offspring attention problems at 3 years. Collectively, these findings suggested there were biological associations with paternal early life adversity and offspring DNAm in infancy, potentially affecting offspring later childhood outcomes.
Immune delineation of laryngeal papilloma reveals enhanced neutrophil associated gene profile
Authors: Sobti Aastha , Sakellariou Christina , Nilsson Maile , Schwartz Stefan , Olofsson Katarina , Rydell Roland , Lindstedt Malin , Forslund Ola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLaryngeal papilloma (LP) is a rare benign disease, caused by recurrent multisite papillomas that are referred to as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). RRP is caused primarily by two types of human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV6 and HPV11. The immune dysregulation within the microenvironment of the lesions has been shown to likely play a role in the development of RRP. The present study aimed at analyzing the transcriptional profile of immune response genes and cancer‐related genes in the LP microenvironment. We used the NanoString® nCounter® analysis system to study expression of 730 genes among seven paired samples of LP and healthy laryngeal (HL) tissue. qRT‐PCR and flow cytometric analysis was performed to confirm identified transcripts and follow‐up scores of infiltrating immune cells, respectively. In total, 113 differentially expressed transcripts were detected of which 37 showed increased expression levels and 76 decreased expression levels in the LP samples compared to the HL samples (fold change ≥ 2). Transcripts with increased expression levels included S100As (A7, A8, and A12), CEACAM1, neutrophil activation associated cytokines (IL8), chemokines (CXCL6), and IL receptors, e.g., IL4R. Transcripts with decreased expression in LP were associated with innate and adaptive immunity. Overall, HPV6 and 11 were present in 67% and 33% of the patients, respectively. There was a significant increase in neutrophils and a significant decrease in CD8+ T cells in LP. LP samples display an immune profile characterized by enhanced expression of neutrophilic markers and significantly reduced T cell‐associated markers