bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Urine Samples from Female Patients Suffering From Urinary Tract Infection at Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Vidya KR  , Manjunath Meghana , Lohit K  , Prashanth HV  
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The frequency of bacteria affecting urinary tract and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern vary from one territory to another. This study was conducted to determine spectrum of bacterial isolates causing UTI and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern among female patients attending tertiary care center
Materials and Methods: A total of 577 female urine culture sensitivity reports (CS) were collected. The culture was done by inoculation by standard loop technique. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for identified bacteria was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and result was interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Infection rates were similar up to reproductive age group with no significant difference between gram-positive (GP) and gram-negative organisms (GN) but post reproductive age group suffered more from GN. The most commonly infecting organism was Staphylococci followed by Escherichia coli showing resistance in >50% tests to cephalosporins, penicillin and fluoroquinolones. All antibiotics are showing resistance from one or the other organisms.
Conclusion: The commonly infecting bacteria are developing resistance to regularly used antibiotics raising concerns of cross resistance and selection of antibiotics. This warrants due diligence by all stakeholders, including public-health authorities, health care providers, policymakers and even the public to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance.
Bennett, Karen; Queiroz de Barros, Rita (ed.). Hybrid Englishes and the Challenges of and for Translation: Identity, Mobility and Language Change
Authors: Martínez Pleguezuelos Antonio J. 
Published: June 2021

Bennett, Karen; Queiroz de Barros, Rita (ed.).Hybrid Englishes and the Challenges of and for Translation: Identity, Mobility and Language ChangeLondres / Nueva York: Routledge, 2019, 238 p.ISBN 978-1-138-30740-7
Two new species of Sonerila Roxb. (Melastomataceae) from Laos
Authors: Phonepaseuth Phongphayboun , Souladeth Phetlasy , Souvannakhoummane Keooudone , Vongthavone Thyraphon , Tagane Shuichiro 
Published: June 2021

Two new species of Sonerila Roxb. (Melastomataceae), S. erectifolia Phonep., Soulad. & Tagane sp. nov. from southern Laos, and S. souvannii Phonep. & Soulad. sp. nov. from central Laos, are described and illustrated. Comparisons with morphologically similar species are presented, along with ecological information and preliminary conservation status. A key to the species of Sonerila in Laos is also provided.
Neuroticism vulnerability factors of anxiety symptoms in adolescents and early adults: an analysis using the bi-factor model and multi-wave longitudinal model
Authors: He Yini , Li Ang , Li Kaixin , Xiao Jing 
Published: June 2021

Background
Neuroticism and stress are important vulnerability factors in the development and outcome of anxiety symptoms. However, as neuroticism is a heterogeneity trait, it is still unclear how different neuroticism factors contribute to anxiety symptoms independently or in conjunction with stress. Thus, different factors of neuroticism were extracted in the present longitudinal study using the bi-factor model. The prediction effect of these different factors on anxiety symptoms and their combined effects with stress in both adolescent and adult samples were examined.

Method
Participants (592 adolescents and 638 young adults) in Hunan China were included. In the initial assessment in our longitudinal study, participants were asked to complete measurements that assessed neuroticism, stress, and anxiety symptoms. Next, a monthly assessment of stress and anxiety symptoms was completed for the subsequent 6 months. The bi-factor model was used to extract different factors of neuroticism. The hierarchical linear model was used to analyze longitudinal multi-wave data.

Result
Several model fit indices were used to evaluate the bi-factor model fit for neuroticism (adolescent: Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.957, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.040, Chi-Square = 80.471; early adults: TLI = 0.957, CFI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.042, Chi-Square = 88.465). The results of hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that the general factor of neuroticism possessed a predictive effect on anxiety symptoms (adolescents: F = 36.77, p < 0.0001, early adults: F = 30.44, p < 0.0001); The negative effect factor only had the prediction effect on anxiety symptoms in early adults (adolescents: F = 0.65, p > 0.05; early adults: F = 4.84, p < 0.05); No prediction of self-reproach factor was found on anxiety symptoms (adolescents: F = 3.79, p > 0.05; early adults: F = 0.02, p > 0.05); the interactive effects of the general factor and stress on anxiety symptoms were only found in early adulthood (adolescents: F = 0.13, p > 0.05; early adults: F = 11.55, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Our results suggested that the bi-factor model achieved a satisfactory fit for neuroticism measurement and supported that the anxiety symptoms were induced by the main effects of the general factor in both age samples and the negative factor only in adults. The general factor of neuroticism, but not the negative factor could make an additive effect for anxiety symptoms in face of stress, which meant that the homogeneity of neuroticism played a more significant role in further anxiety symptoms than heterogeneity when coping with stress.
Methylation of CYP1A1 and VKORC1 promoter associated with stable dosage of warfarin in Chinese patients
Authors: He Shiwei , Wu Yuan , Yan Shuidi , Liu Jumei , Zhao Li , Xie Huabin , Ge Shengxiang , Ye Huiming 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between DNA methylation and the stable warfarin dose through genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and pyrosequencing assay.MethodThis study included 161 patients and genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was used to screen potential warfarin dose-associated CpGs through Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 K BeadChip; then, the pyrosequencing assay was used to further validate the association between the stable warfarin dose and alterations in the methylation of the screened CpGs. GenomeStudio Software and R were used to analyze the differentially methylated CpGs.ResultsThe methylation levels of CpGs surrounding the xenobiotic response element (XRE) within the CYP1A1 promoter, differed significantly between the different dose groups (P < 0.05), and these CpGs presented a positive correlation (r> 0, P < 0.05) with an increase in the stable dose of warfarin. At the VKORC1 promoter, two CpGs methylation levels were significantly different between the differential dose groups (P < 0.05), and one CpG (Chr16: 31106793) presented a significant negative correlation (r < 0, P < 0.05) among different dose (low, medium, and high) groups.ConclusionThis is a novel report of the methylation levels of six CpGs surrounding the XRE within the CYP1A1 promoter and one differential CpG at the VKORC1 promoter associated with stable warfarin dosage; these methylation levels might be applied as molecular signatures for warfarin.
Continued nucleic acid tests for SARS-CoV-2 following discharge of patients with COVID-19 in Lu’an, China
Authors: Lyu Yong , Wang Danni , Li Xiude , Gong Tianqi , Xu Pengpeng , Liu Lei , Sun Jie 
Published: June 2021

Background
Studies have shown that discharged Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have retested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during a follow-up RT-PCR test. We sought to assess the results of continued nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 patients in COVID-19 patients after they were discharged in Lu’an, China.

Methods
We conducted RT-PCR tests on sputum, throat swabs, fecal or anal swabs, and urine samples collected from 67 COVID-19 patients following discharge. Samples were collected on the 7th and 14th days following discharge. Patients testing positive on the 7th or 14th day were retested after 24 hours until they tested negative twice.

Results
Seventeen (17/67, 25.4%) discharged COVID-19 patients had a positive RT-PCR retest for SARS-CoV-2. Among them, 14 (82.4%) were sputum positive, five (29.4%) were throat swab positive, seven (41.2%) were fecal or anal swab positive, one (5.9%) was urine sample positive, five (29.4%) were both sputum and throat swab positive, four (23.5%) were both sputum and fecal test positive, and one (5.9%) was positive of all four specimens. The shortest period of time between discharge and the last positive test was 7 days, the longest was 48 days, and the median was 16 days. The proportion of positive fecal or anal swab tests increased from the third week. The median Cq cut-off values after onset were 26.7 after the first week, 37.7 the second to sixth week, and 40 after the sixth week. There were no significant differences between the RT-PCR retest positive group and the unrecovered positive group.

Conclusions
There was a high proportion of patients who retested positive for COVID-19. Discharge criteria have remained fairly consistent so we encourage regions affected by COVID-19 to appropriately amend their current criteria.
Similar seed dispersal systems by local frugivorous birds in native and alien plant species in a coastal seawall forest
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Guohai , An Yuting , Xue Dandan , Wang Libo , Lu Changhu 
Published: June 2021

Frugivorous birds play an important role in seed dispersal. Alien plant species’ seeds are dispersed by local birds in order to establish populations in new habitats. Alien plant species that produce fruits similar to that of native species have the potential to attract local birds, creating new mutualistic systems that are similar to the local ones. In autumn 2018 and 2019, we studied the seed dispersal systems of an alien plant species, Phytolacca americana, and a native species, Cayratia japonica, in a coastal seawall forest. Both plant species’ fruit, frugivorous bird foraging behaviors, seed germination rates, and seedling microhabitats were examined to determine whether the alien species had a similar seed dispersal system to that of the native species. Our results showed that P. americana and C. japonica had similar fruit type, color, and ripening period. There was a positive correlation between the percentage rate of fruit ripening and the percentage rate of fruit missing for both plant species, indicating that local frugivorous birds have the potential to sufficiently disperse the alien seeds to enable its spread in the coastal seawall forest (simple linear regression, P. americana: β = 0.863 ± 0.017, R2adj = 0.978, P < 0.01; C. japonica: β = 0.787 ± 0.034, R2adj = 0.898, P < 0.01). Eleven bird species consumed the fruits of the alien species or native species during the study period. Similar results were shown across alien and native species in bird foraging behavior (feeding frequency, feeding duration and first stop distance) indicating that a similar seed dispersal relationship had been established between local frugivorous and both plant species. The alien plant had a higher number of fruits carried by birds, suggesting that P. americana had a slightly higher fruit consumption than that of C. japonica (t-test, P < 0.01). Alien plant seedlings grow more abundant in forest gap microhabitat (t-test, P < 0.01). Our results confirmed that bird digestion promotes seed germination success in both plant species. Our study suggests that in a narrow coastal seawall forest, alien plant species can successfully establish their populations by relying on similar seed dispersal systems as the local species.
Anthracycline chemotherapy‐mediated vascular dysfunction as a model of accelerated vascular aging
Authors: Clayton Zachary S. , Hutton David A. , Mahoney Sophia A. , Seals Douglas R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and age is by far the greatest risk factor for developing CVD. Vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening, is responsible for much of the increase in CVD risk with aging. A key mechanism involved in vascular dysfunction with aging is oxidative stress, which reduces the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and induces adverse changes to the extracellular matrix of the arterial wall (e.g., elastin fragmentation/degradation, collagen deposition) and an increase in advanced glycation end products, which form crosslinks in arterial wall structural proteins. Although vascular dysfunction and CVD are most prevalent in older adults, several conditions can “accelerate” these events at any age. One such factor is chemotherapy with anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (DOXO), to combat common forms of cancer. Children, adolescents, and young adults treated with these chemotherapeutic agents demonstrate impaired vascular function and an increased risk of future CVD development compared with healthy age‐matched controls. Anthracycline treatment also worsens vascular dysfunction in midlife (50–64 years of age) and older (65 and older) adults such that endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are greater compared to age‐matched controls. Collectively, these observations indicate that use of anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents induces a vascular aging‐like phenotype and that the latter contributes to premature CVD in cancer survivors exposed to these agents. Here, we review the existing literature supporting these ideas, discuss potential mechanisms as well as interventions that may protect arteries from these adverse effects, identify research gaps, and make recommendations for future research.
Neural mechanisms of psychosis vulnerability and perceptual abnormalities in the ALS‐FTD spectrum
Authors: Devenney Emma M. , Tu Sicong , Caga Jashelle , Ahmed Rebekah M. , Ramsey Eleanor , Zoing Margie , Kwok John , Halliday Glenda M. , Piguet Olivier , Hodges John R. , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to (i) explore psychotic experiences across the entire amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐frontotemporal dementia (ALS‐FTD) spectrum from a clinical and genetic perspective, (ii) determine the rate of abnormal perceptual experiences across the five sensory modalities and (iii) explore the neurobiological factors that lead to psychosis vulnerability in ALS‐FTD.MethodsIn a prospective case‐controlled study design, 100 participants were enrolled including ALS (n = 37, 24% satisfied criteria for ALS‐Plus), ALS‐FTD (n = 11), bvFTD (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 25). Psychotic experiences, perceptual abnormalities and psychosocial factors were determined by means of the clinical interview and carer and patient reports. Voxel‐based morphometry analyses determined atrophy patterns in patients experiencing psychosis‐like experiences and other perceptual abnormalities.ResultsThe rates of psychotic experiences and abnormalities of perception in each sensory modality were high across the entire ALS‐FTD continuum. The rate was highest in those with C9orf72 expansions. Rates were also high in patients with pure ALS including psychosis measured by carer‐based reports (18%) and self‐report measures of psychotic‐like experiences (21%). In an ENTER regression model, social anxiety and ACE‐III scores were the best predictors of psychosis proneness, accounting for 44% of the score variance. Psychosis‐like experiences and perceptual abnormalities were associated with a predominantly frontal and temporal pattern of atrophy that extended to the cerebellum and centred on the anterior thalamus.InterpretationThe model for psychosis proneness in ALS‐FTD likely includes complex interactions between cognitive, social and neurobiological factors that determine vulnerability to psychosis and that may have relevance for individualised patient management.
An innovate filter for space robots to unfirmly capture tumbling targets
Authors: Che Dejia , Zheng Zixuan , Yuan Jianping 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn the postcapture stage, relative motion could exist between the target and the robot end‐effector, which is called unfirm capture . Unmodeled and time‐varying dynamic and kinematic coupling in unfirm capture cases obstructs the estimation of target inertia properties and relative motion states. To solve this problem, vision navigation information and general dynamic equations are combined to compensate unknown coupling dynamics based on the extended Kalman filter. To avoid disturbing force and torque reducing the precision of the state estimation, a recursive least square multiplicative extended Kalman filter is developed. By minimizing deviations between expected statistics and real statistics of process noise, this novel filter estimates parameters of the external disturbance. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed filter.
Transparent Omni‐Directional Stretchable Circuit Lines Made by a Junction‐Free Grid of Expandable Au Lines
Authors: Kong Minsik , You Insang , Lee Gilwoon , Park Gyeongbae , Kim Jaehyun , Park Doowon , Jeong Unyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough various stretchable optoelectronic devices have been reported, omni‐directionally stretchable transparent circuit lines have been a great challenge. Cracks are engineered and fabricated to be highly conductive patterned metal circuit lines in which gold (Au) grids are embedded. Au is deposited selectively in the cracks to form a grid without any junction between the grid lines. Since each grid line is expandable under stretching, the circuit lines are stretchable in all the directions. This study shows that a thin coating of aluminum on the oxide surface enables precise control of the cracks (crack density, crack depth) in the oxide layer. High optical transparency and high stretchability can be achieved simultaneously by controlling the grid density in the circuit line. Light‐emitting diodes are integrated directly on the circuit lines and stable operation is demonstrated under 100% stretching.
Chemisch stabilisierte DNA‐Codes für DNA‐kodierte Chemie
Authors: Potowski Marco , Kunig Verena B. K. , Eberlein Lukas , Vakalopoulos Alexandros , Kast Stefan M. , Brunschweiger Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDNA‐kodierte Substanzbibliotheken sind eine viel genutzte Screening‐Technologie für die Wirkstoffsuche. Ein wichtiges Kriterium im Bibliotheksdesign ist die Erzielung molekularer Vielfalt. Die chemische Reaktivität der DNA schränkt jedoch die Auswahl an Reaktionen für das Bibliotheksdesign sehr ein. Der Ersatz der Purinbasen durch 7‐Deazaadenin, das eine ähnliche Tautomerenstabilität wie natürliches Adenin aufweist und so eine Bedingung für die Watson‐Crick‐Paarbildung erfüllt, führte zu ligier‐, amplifizier‐ und lesbaren DNA‐Barcodes für kodierte Chemie mit erhöhter Stabilität gegen Depurinierung. Die Stabilität dieser Barcodes ermöglichte die Anwendung von 16 Reaktionen auf Glasfestphase‐gekoppelten DNA‐Barcodes. Diese umfassten Isocyanid‐basierte Reaktionen, Brønsted‐Säure‐vermittelte Pictet‐Spengler‐ und Biginelli‐Reaktionen und Metallionen‐vermittelte Pyrazol‐Synthesen. Boc‐Schutzgruppenchemie kann genutzt werden, um die Bibliotheksqualität durch Produktaufreinigung zu erhöhen.
Sydnonmethide – fast vergessene Mesoionen als Vorläufermoleküle von anionischen N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen
Authors: Mummel Sebastian , Lederle Felix , Hübner Eike G. , Namyslo Jan C. , Nieger Martin , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWir beschreiben Sydnonmethide, von denen bisher nur ein einziges Beispiel in der Literatur erwähnt worden war. Sydnonmethide können zu Anionen deprotoniert werden, die als π‐elektronenreiche anionische N‐heterocyclische Carbene formulierbar sind. Schwefel‐ und Selenaddukte konnten wir als ihre Methylether stabilisieren sowie Quecksilber‐, Gold‐ und Rhodiumkomplexe von Sydnonmethiden herstellen. Die Anionen von Sydnonmethiden gehen zudem C‐C‐Kupplungsreaktionen mit 1‐Fluor‐4‐iodbenzol unter Pd(PPh3)4‐ und CuBr‐Katalyse ein. Zur Abschätzung der elektronischen Eigenschaften dieser anionischen N‐heterocyclischen Carbene bestimmten wir die 77Se‐NMR‐Resonanzfrequenzen und die 1JC4‐Se‐Kopplungskonstanten der Selen‐Addukte sowie die 1JC4‐H‐Kopplungskonstanten der mesoionischen Vorläufermoleküle. Im Vergleich zu klassischen N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen erscheint das Carben‐Kohlenstoffatom des Sydnonmethid‐Anions 3 j in den bei −40 °C gemessenen 13C‐NMR‐Spektren mit δ=155.2 ppm bei extrem hohem Feld.
Five Step Total Synthesis of Lythranidine
Authors: Magann Nicholas L. , Blyth Mitchell T. , Sherburn Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA concise synthesis of the alkaloid lythranidine is reported. The strategy exploits the target's local C2 symmetry by adopting a two directional synthetic approach, first in an acyclic environment, then in a cyclic system and finally in a bridged macrocyclic domain. The latter phase of the synthesis, which installs all four stereocenters, involves a thermodynamically controlled, twofold intermolecular/transannular aza‐Michael addition and a twofold hydride reduction. The synthesis is one third of the length of the most step‐economic previous approach, providing access to gram quantities of the natural product. The broad‐spectrum nature of the synthesis is demonstrated through the preparation of three diastereomeric analogues of the natural product.
Fluorinated Poly‐oxalate Electrolytes Stabilizing both Anode and Cathode Interfaces for All‐Solid‐State Li/NMC811 Batteries
Authors: Sun Han , Xie Xiaoxin , Huang Qiu , Wang Zhaoxu , Chen Kejun , Li Xiaolei , Gao Jian , Li Yutao , Li Hong , Qiu Jieshan , Zhou Weidong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe relatively narrow electrochemical steady window and low ionic conductivity are two critical challenges for Li+‐conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPE). Here, a family of poly‐oxalate(POE) structures were prepared as SPE; among them, POEs composed from diols with an odd number of carbons show higher ionic conductivity than those composed from diols with an even number of carbons, and the POE composed from propanediol (C5‐POE) has the highest Li+conductivity. The HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) electrons of POE were found located on the terminal units. When using trifluoroacetate as the terminating unit (POE‐F), not only does the HOMO become more negative, but also the HOMO electrons shift to the middle oxalate units, improving the antioxidative capability. Furthermore, the interfacial compatibility across the Li‐metal/POE‐F is also improved by the generation of a LiF‐based solid‐electrolyte‐interlayer(SEI). With the trifluoroacetate‐terminated C5‐POE (C5‐POE‐F) as the electrolyte and Li+‐conducting binder in the cathode, the all‐solid‐state Li/LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2(NMC811) cells showed significantly improved stability than the counterpart with poly‐ether, providing a promising candidate for the forthcoming all‐solid‐state high‐voltage Li‐metal batteries.
Sydnone Methides—A Forgotten Class of Mesoionic Compounds for the Generation of Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Mummel Sebastian , Lederle Felix , Hübner Eike G. , Namyslo Jan C. , Nieger Martin , Schmidt Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSydnone methides are described from which only one single example has been mentioned in the literature so far. Their deprotonation gave anions which can be formulated as π‐electron rich anionic N‐heterocyclic carbenes. Sulfur and selenium adducts were stabilized as their methyl ethers, and mercury, gold as well as rhodium complexes of the sydnone methide carbenes were prepared. Sydnone methide anions also undergo C−C coupling reactions with 1‐fluoro‐4‐iodobenzene under Pd(PPh3)4 and CuBr catalysis. 77Se NMR resonance frequencies and 1JC4‐Se as well as 1JC4‐H coupling constants have been determined to gain knowledge about the electronic properties of the anionic N‐heterocyclic carbenes. The carbene carbon atom of the sydnone methide anion 3 j resonates at δ=155.2 ppm in 13C NMR spectroscopy at −40 °C which is extremely shifted upfield in comparison to classical N‐heterocyclic carbenes.