bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vectorizing posit operations on RISC-V for faster deep neural networks: experiments and comparison with ARM SVE
Authors: Cococcioni Marco , Rossi Federico , Ruffaldi Emanuele , Saponara Sergio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the arrival of the open-source RISC-V processor architecture, there is the chance to rethink Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and information representation and processing. In this work, we will exploit the following ideas: i) reduce the number of bits needed to represent the weights of the DNNs using our recent findings and implementation of the posit number system, ii) exploit RISC-V vectorization as much as possible to speed up the format encoding/decoding, the evaluation of activations functions (using only arithmetic and logic operations, exploiting approximated formulas) and the computation of core DNNs matrix-vector operations. The comparison with the well-established architecture ARM Scalable Vector Extension is natural and challenging due to its closedness and mature nature. The results show how it is possible to vectorize posit operations on RISC-V, gaining a substantial speed-up on all the operations involved. Furthermore, the experimental outcomes highlight how the new architecture can catch up, in terms of performance, with the more mature ARM architecture. Towards this end, the present study is important because it anticipates the results that we expect to achieve when we will have an open RISC-V hardware co-processor capable to operate natively with posits.
Families in the COVID-19 pandemic: parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences—results of a representative survey in Germany
Authors: Calvano Claudia , Engelke Lara , Di Bella Jessica , Kindermann Jana , Renneberg Babette , Winter Sibylle M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParenting during the COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging, with parents having to meet various demands simultaneously. An increase in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been widely predicted, but empirical evidence is still scarce. This study aimed to (1) generate representative data on pandemic-related stress, parental stress, general stress, parental subjective and mental health, and the occurrence of ACEs; (2) identify risk factors for an increase in ACEs, and (3) provide qualitative data on parents’ experiences. A representative survey was conducted in Germany in August 2020 with 1024 parents of underage children (Mage = 41.70, 50.9% female). More than 50% of parents reported being stressed by social distancing and the closure of schools and childcare facilities. Parental stress increased significantly during the pandemic (d = 0.21). Subgroups of parents also reported very high levels of depressive symptoms (12.3%) and anxiety (9.7%). Up to one-third of the sample reported ACEs in the child’s lifetime. In this group, 29.1% reported an increase in children witnessing domestic violence during the pandemic, and 42.2% an increase verbal emotional abuse. These families were characterized by higher parental stress, job losses, and younger parent and child age. Positive aspects of the pandemic related primarily to personal or family life (e.g. slower pace of life, increase in family time). While some parents coped well, a particularly negative pattern was observed in a subgroup of families that experienced an increase in ACEs. Parental stress emerged as important target point for interventions addressing the negative sequelae of the pandemic.
Supramolecular associations between atypical oxidative phosphorylation complexes of Euglena gracilis
Authors: Miranda-Astudillo H. V. , Yadav K. N. S. , Boekema E. J. , Cardol P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn vivo associations of respiratory complexes forming higher supramolecular structures are generally accepted nowadays. Supercomplexes (SC) built by complexes I, III and IV and the so-called respirasome (I/III2/IV) have been described in mitochondria from several model organisms (yeasts, mammals and green plants), but information is scarce in other lineages. Here we studied the supramolecular associations between the complexes I, III, IV and V from the secondary photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis with an approach that involves the extraction with several mild detergents followed by native electrophoresis. Despite the presence of atypical subunit composition and additional structural domains described in Euglena complexes I, IV and V, canonical associations into III2/IV, III2/IV2 SCs and I/III2/IV respirasome were observed together with two oligomeric forms of the ATP synthase (V2 and V4). Among them, III2/IV SC could be observed by electron microscopy. The respirasome was further purified by two-step liquid chromatography and showed in-vitro oxygen consumption independent of the addition of external cytochrome c.
Self-reported causes of cancer among 6881 survivors with 6 tumour types: results from the PROFILES registry
Authors: Vlooswijk Carla , Husson Olga , Oerlemans Simone , Ezendam Nicole , Schoormans Dounya , de Rooij Belle , Mols Floortje 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
Our aim was to describe and compare self-reported causal attributions (interpretations of what caused an illness) among cancer survivors and to assess which sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are associated with them.

Methods
Data from five population-based PROFILES registry samples (i.e. lymphoma (n = 993), multiple myeloma (n = 156), colorectal (n = 3989), thyroid (n = 306), endometrial (n = 741), prostate cancer (n = 696)) were used. Causal attributions were assessed with a single question.

Results
The five most often reported causal attributions combined were unknown (21%), lifestyle (19%), biological (16%), other (14%), and stress (12%). Lymphoma (49%), multiple myeloma (64%), thyroid (55%), and prostate (64%) cancer patients mentioned fixed causes far more often than modifiable or modifiable/fixed. Colorectal (33%, 34%, and 33%) and endometrial (38%, 32%, and 30%) cancer survivors mentioned causes that were fixed, modifiable, or both almost equally often. Colorectal, endometrial, and prostate cancer survivors reported internal causes most often, whereas multiple myeloma survivors more often reported external causes, while lymphoma and thyroid cancer survivors had almost similar rates of internal and external causes. Females, those older, those treated with hormonal therapy, and those diagnosed with prostate cancer were less likely to identify modifiable causes while those diagnosed with stage 2, singles, with ≥2 comorbid conditions, and those with endometrial cancer were more likely to identify modifiable causes.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study showed that patients report both internal and external causes of their illness and both fixed and modifiable causes. This differsbetween the various cancer types.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Although the exact cause of cancer in individual patients is often unknown, having a well-informed perception of the modifiable causes of one’s cancer is valuable since it can possibly help survivors with making behavioural adjustments in cases where this is necessary or possible.
Migraine-like headaches associated with nickel allergy requiring removal of atrial septal defect closure device
Authors: Sadasivan Nair Prasanth , Jaya Joseph Swaminadan , Comella Andrea , Smith Julian Anderson , Harper Richard , Joshi Prashant Prakash 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a deficit of literature regarding the association between nickel allergy–induced symptoms and implanted devices. This report describes a case of nickel allergy causing debilitating migraine-like symptoms, failing to resolve with medical therapy, requiring surgical removal of the device and repair of the defect.
Vesicular Formation of Trans-Ferulic Acid: an Efficient Approach to Improve the Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Rezaeiroshan Anahita , Saeedi Majid , Morteza-Semnani Katayoun , Akbari Jafar , Hedayatizadeh-Omran Akbar , Goli Hamidreza , Nokhodchi Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purposes
Reactive oxygen species production is harmful to human’s health. The presence of antioxidants in the body may help to diminish reactive oxygen species. Trans-ferulic acid is a good antioxidant, but its low water solubility excludes its utilization. The study aims to explore whether a vesicular drug delivery could be a way to overcome the poor absorption of trans-ferulic acid hence improving its antimicrobial efficiency and antioxidant effect.

Methods
Niosomal vesicles containing the drug were prepared by film hydration method. The obtained vesicles were investigated in terms of morphology, size, entrapment efficiency, release behavior, cellular cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cellular protection study, and antimicrobial evaluations.

Results
The optimized niosomal formulation had a particle size of 158.7 nm and entrapment efficiency of 21.64%. The results showed that the optimized formulation containing 25 μM of trans-ferulic acid could enhance the viability of human foreskin fibroblast HFF cell line against reactive oxygen species production. The minimum effective dose of the plain drug and the niosomal formulation against Staphylococcus aurous (ATCC 29213) was 750 µg/mL and 375 µg/mL, respectively, and for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), it was 750 µg/mL and 187/5 µg/mL, respectively. The formulation could also improve the minimum bactericidal concentration of the drug in Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, and Acinobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606).

Conclusion
These results revealed an improvement in both antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the drug in the niosomal formulation.
Low power thrust measurements of the water electrolysis Hall effect thruster
Authors: Schwertheim Alexander , Knoll Aaron 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose that a Hall effect thruster could be modified to operate on the products of water electrolysis. Such a thruster would exploit the low cost and high storability of water while producing gaseous hydrogen and oxygen in-situ as they are required. By supplying the anode with oxygen and the cathode with hydrogen, the poisoning of the cathode is mitigated. The water electrolysis Hall effect thruster (WET-HET) has been designed to demonstrate this concept. The dimensions of the WET-HET have been optimized for oxygen operation using PlasmaSim, a zero-dimensional particle in cell code. We present the first direct thrust measurements of the WET-HET. A hanging pendulum style thrust balance is used to measure the thrust of the WET-HET while operating in the Boltzmann vacuum facility within the Imperial Plasma Propulsion Laboratory. For this test the beam was neutralized using a filament plasma bridge neutralizer operating on krypton. We find thrust, specific impulse, and thrust efficiency all increase linearly with power for values between 400 and 1050 W. Increasing the mass flow rate from 0.96 to 1.85 mg/s increases thrust at the expense of specific impulse. Changing mass flow rate was found to have little impact on the thrust efficiency over this range. An optimal radial magnetic flux density of 403 G at the exit plane is found. Further increases to the magnetic field beyond this point were found to decrease the thrust, specific impulse and thrust efficiency, whereas the discharge voltage increased monotonically with increasing magnetic field for a given input power. It was found that the experimental thruster performance was lower than the simulation results from PlasmaSim. However, the general trends in performance as a function of power and propellant mass flow rate were preserved. We attribute a portion of this discrepancy to the inability of the simulation to model the energy absorbed by the covalent bond of the oxygen molecule. For the powers and mass flow rates surveyed we measured thrust ranging from 4.52$$\pm 0.18\,$$

±
0.18

to 8.45$$\pm 0.18\,$$

±
0.18

mN, specific impulse between 324$$\pm 12\,$$

±
12

and 593$$\pm 12\,$$

±
12

s, and anode thrust efficiencies between 1.34$$\pm 0.10\,$$

±
0.10

and 2.34$$\pm 0.10\,$$

±
0.10

%.
Optimal Designs for Model Averaging in non-nested Models
Authors: Alhorn Kira , Dette Holger , Schorning Kirsten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we construct optimal designs for frequentist model averaging estimation. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the model averaging estimate with fixed weights in the case where the competing models are non-nested. A Bayesian optimal design minimizes an expectation of the asymptotic mean squared error of the model averaging estimate calculated with respect to a suitable prior distribution. We derive a necessary condition for the optimality of a given design with respect to this new criterion. We demonstrate that Bayesian optimal designs can improve the accuracy of model averaging substantially. Moreover, the derived designs also improve the accuracy of estimation in a model selected by model selection and model averaging estimates with random weights.
A reflection on four impactful Ambio papers: The biotic perspective
Authors: Bjorkman Anne D. , Wulff Angela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClimate change represents one of the most pressing societal and scientific challenges of our time. While much of the current research on climate change focuses on future prediction, some of the strongest signals of warming can already be seen in Arctic and alpine areas, where temperatures are rising faster than the global average, and in the oceans, where the combination of rising temperatures and acidification due to increased CO2 concentrations has had catastrophic consequences for sensitive marine organisms inhabiting coral reefs. The scientific papers highlighted as part of this anniversary issue represent some of the most impactful advances in our understanding of the consequences of anthropogenic climate change. Here, we reflect on the legacy of these papers from the biotic perspective.
A multiple camera position approach for accurate displacement measurement using computer vision
Authors: Kromanis Rolands , Kripakaran Prakash 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEngineers can today capture high-resolution video recordings of bridge movements during routine visual inspections using modern smartphones and compile a historical archive over time. However, the recordings are likely to be from cameras of different makes, placed at varying positions. Previous studies have not explored whether such recordings can support monitoring of bridge condition. This is the focus of this study. It evaluates the feasibility of an imaging approach for condition assessment that is independent of the camera positions used for individual recordings. The proposed approach relies on the premise that spatial relationships between multiple structural features remain the same even when images of the structure are taken from different angles or camera positions. It employs coordinate transformation techniques, which use the identified features, to compute structural displacements from images. The proposed approach is applied to a laboratory beam, subject to static loading under various damage scenarios and recorded using multiple cameras in a range of positions. Results show that the response computed from the recordings are accurate, with 5% discrepancy in computed displacements relative to the mean. The approach is also demonstrated on a full-scale pedestrian suspension bridge. Vertical bridge movements, induced by forced excitations, are collected with two smartphones and an action camera. Analysis of the images shows that the measurement discrepancy in computed displacements is 6%.
Investigation of joints from laser powder fusion processed and conventional material grades of 18MAR300 nickel maraging steel
Authors: Tillmann W. , Wojarski L. , Henning T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEven though the buildup rate of laser powder bed fusion processes (LPBF) has steadily increased in recent years by using more and more powerful laser systems, the production of large-volume parts is still extremely cost-intensive. Joining of an additively manufactured complex part to a high-volume part made of conventional material is a promising technology to enhance economics. Today, constructors have to select the most economical joining process with respect to the individual field of application. The aim of this research was to investigate the hybrid joint properties of LBPF and conventionally casted 18MAR300 nickel maraging steel depending on the manufacturing process and the heat treatment condition. Therefore, the microstructure and the strength of the hybrid joints manufactured by LPBF or vacuum brazing were examined and compared to solid material and joints of similar material. It was found that the vacuum-brazed hybrid joints using a 50.8-μm-thick AuNi18 foil provide a high tensile strength of 904 MPa which is sufficient for a broad field of application. Furthermore, the additively manufactured hybrid samples offered with 1998 MPa a tensile strength more than twice as high but showed a considerable impact of buildup failures to the strength in general.
Some improvements on the Ky Fan theorem for tensors
Authors: Tourang Mohsen , Zangiabadi Mostafa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe improvements of Ky Fan theorem are given for tensors. First, based on Brauer-type eigenvalue inclusion sets, we obtain some new Ky Fan-type theorems for tensors. Second, by characterizing the ratio of the smallest and largest values of a Perron vector, we improve the existing results. Third, some new eigenvalue localization sets for tensors are given and proved to be tighter than those presented by Li and Ng (Numer Math 130(2):315–335, 2015) and Wang et al. (Linear Multilinear Algebra 68(9):1817–1834, 2020). Finally, numerical examples are given to validate the efficiency of our new bounds.
Dynamics of reallocation within India’s income distribution
Authors: Sahasranaman Anand , Jensen Henrik Jeldtoft 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is well known that inequality has been rising in India in the recent past, but the assumption has been that while the rich benefit more than proportionally from economic growth, the poor are also better off than before. Our modelled outcomes (using the RGBM framework) cast doubt on this proposition. We find that the income share dynamics are consistent with a negative reallocation since the early 2000s, i.e., the Indian income distribution possibly entered a regime of perverse redistribution of resources from the poor to the rich. Our model suggests that the historically low-income shares of the bottom decile (~ 1%) and bottom percentile (~ 0.03%) are possibly due to a decline in real incomes in the 2000s. We find qualified support for these theoretical predictions using income distribution data. We characterize these findings in the context of increasing informalization of the workforce in the formal manufacturing and service sectors as well as the growing economic insecurity of the agricultural workforce in India. Significant structural changes will be required to address this phenomenon.
AgNPs@ZnO hybride nanoparticles infused thermoplastic polyester elastomer and their biocide effect
Authors: Parra Duclerc Fernandes , Marchini Leonardo Guedes , Komatsu Luiz Gustavo Hiroki , de Oliveira Camila Bassetti , Oliani Washington Luiz , Rangari Vijaya Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents research results of biocidal effect of thermoplastic- polyester-elastomer (TPE-E) with incorporation of hybrid Ag/ZnO/SiO2 NPs (silver/Zinc oxide/SiO2 nanoparticles). These results were compared with various gamma-irradiated doses and processing techniques including extrusion, injection molding and compression molding. In all these processing techniques the TPE-E was mixed with mineral oil and Ag/ZnO/SiO2 nanoparticles. The TPE-E nanocomposites were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Infrared FT spectroscopy (FTIR), surface enhanced Raman technique (SERS), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM (transmission electronic microscopy) and antimicrobial test. Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, are reported and these results showed potential application in health care products.
Evaluating the DevOps Reference Architecture for Multi-cloud IoT-Applications
Authors: Bou Ghantous Georges , Gill Asif Qumer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDevOps originated in the context of the agile development aims to enable the continuous deployment of software applications in small releases. Most recently, organizations are taking a significant interest in adopting DevOps for automatically deploying IoT applications to multi-cloud. The interest is there; however, the challenge is how to achieve this. A new DevOps reference architecture (DRA) framework has been iteratively developed to address this challenge. This paper presents the updated DRA framework and its empirical evaluation results. The empirical evaluation is composed of two phases: (1) industry case study evaluation conducted in an IT organization, and (2) industry field survey with a cohort of experts in software engineering. The evaluation aims to determine the applicability and novelty of the DRA framework. The evaluation results indicate that the DRA is fit for its intended purpose and is expected to help both researchers and practitioners. The DRA uses can architect complex design models for the purpose of supporting the automated development stage of software applications. Software engineers can implement the DRA models for deploying complex IoT application to the multi-cloud environment in the current organization development parameters.
Remarks by Hassane Cisse
Authors: Cisse Hassane 
Published: March 2021

Question 1: What do you see as the state of play between capture and participation in the global economic and financial governance system? Can you share your diagnostic analysis on this issue with us based on your experience and reflections?Governance, defined in its simplest form, is about the way in which decisions are made, who makes them, and in whose interests such decisions are made.
Age culture, school-entry cutoff, and the choices of birth month and school-entry timing in South Korea
Authors: Kim Taehoon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explores how the distinctive Korean age reckoning, the Confucian age culture, and the school-entry-cutoff date affect the decisions of parents on both birth and school-entry timing for their children in Korea. There is a traditional method of age calculation in Korea that all people get one year older on January 1. Korea also has a distinctive age culture influenced by Confucianism. I find a substantial amount of birth and school-entry timing selections around the Korean age-cutoff date, January 1. The estimation results show that children born in January and February delayed school entry by 18.2–21.2 percentage points more than those born in November and December and 24% of births moved from one week before January 1 to one week after when the school-entry cutoff was March 1. After the school-entry cutoff has changed to January 1, children barely delay school enrollment, while more births are moved from December to January: 42% of births are shifted within the 7-day window. These behaviors are made by two motives: (1) parents want their children to have the same Korean age with their classmates because of the Confucian age culture; (2) they also want their children to be relatively older to have academic advantages.