bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: a practical guide for the Dutch cardiologist based on real-world experience
Authors: Zwart K. , Velthuis S. , Polyukhovych Y. V. , Mosterd A. , Smidt L. , Serné E. H. , van Raalte D. H. , Elders P. J. M. , Handoko M. L. , Oldenburg-Ligtenberg P. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors include a relatively new class of glucose-lowering drugs that reduce plasma glucose concentrations by inhibiting proximal tubular reabsorption of glucose in the kidney, while increasing its excretion in urine. Recent large randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that many of these agents reduce the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalisation for heart failure, cardiovascular death and/or chronic kidney disease progression in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Given their unique insulin-independent mode of action and favourable efficacy and adverse-event profile, SGLT2 inhibitors are promising and they offer an interesting therapeutic approach for the cardiologist to incorporate into routine practice. However, despite accumulating data supporting this class of therapy, cardiologists infrequently prescribe SGLT2 inhibitors, potentially due to a lack of familiarity with their use and the reticence to change DM medication. Here, we provide an up-to-date practical guide highlighting important elements of treatment initiation based on real-world evidence and expert opinion. We describe how to change DM medication, including insulin dosing when appropriate, and how to anticipate any adverse events based on real-world experience in patients with DM2 in the Meander Medical Centre in Amersfoort, the Netherlands. This includes a simple algorithm showing how to initiate SGLT2 inhibitor treatment safely, while considering the consequence of the glucosuric effects of these inhibitors for the individual patient.
A short note on inadmissible coefficients of weight 2 and $$2k+1$$ newforms
Authors: Amir Malik , Hatziiliou Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLet $$f(z)=q+\sum _{n\ge 2}a(n)q^n$$

f

(
z
)

=
q
+

∑

n
≥
2

a

(
n
)

q
n

be a weight k normalized newform with integer coefficients and trivial residual mod 2 Galois representation. We extend the results of Amir and Hong in Amir and Hong (On L-functions of modular elliptic curves and certain K3 surfaces, Ramanujan J, 2021) for $$k=2$$

k
=
2

by ruling out or locating all odd prime values $$|\ell |<100$$

|
ℓ
|
<
100

of their Fourier coefficients a(n) when n satisfies some congruences. We also study the case of odd weights $$k\ge 1$$

k
≥
1

newforms where the nebentypus is given by a quadratic Dirichlet character.
A novel automated autism spectrum disorder detection system
Authors: Oh Shu Lih , Jahmunah V. , Arunkumar N. , Abdulhay Enas W. , Gururajan Raj , Adib Nahrizul , Ciaccio Edward J. , Cheong Kang Hao , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person’s life. Autism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Lack of social interaction, communication problems, and a limited range of behaviors and interests are possible characteristics of autism in children, alongside other symptoms. Electroencephalograms provide useful information about changes in brain activity and hence are efficaciously used for diagnosis of neurological disease. Eighteen nonlinear features were extracted from EEG signals of 40 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and 37 children with no diagnosis of neuro developmental disorder children. Feature selection was performed using Student’s t test, and Marginal Fisher Analysis was employed for data reduction. The features were ranked according to Student’s t test. The three most significant features were used to develop the autism index, while the ranked feature set was input to SVM polynomials 1, 2, and 3 for classification. The SVM polynomial 2 yielded the highest classification accuracy of 98.70% with 20 features. The developed classification system is likely to aid healthcare professionals as a diagnostic tool to detect autism. With more data, in our future work, we intend to employ deep learning models and to explore a cloud-based detection system for the detection of autism. Our study is novel, as we have analyzed all nonlinear features, and we are one of the first groups to have uniquely developed an autism (ASD) index using the extracted features.
Fire blight plant protection efficacy trial with resistant apple cultivar ‘Ladina’
Authors: Reininger Vanessa , Schöneberg Anita , Holliger Eduard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFire blight is a devastating disease of apple, pear and quince caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora. As antibiotics are not allowed against fire blight in Switzerland, optimization of alternative plant protection strategies is required. In this context, fire blight tolerant cultivars become of higher importance to control the disease. A plant protection product efficacy trial against fire blight with the susceptible cultivar ‘Gala Galaxy’ and the tolerant cultivar ‘Ladina’ bred at Agroscope was set up at the Agroscope Steinobstzentrum Breitenhof in 2018. Four different treatment strategies, including an untreated control, were tested on both cultivars after inoculation with Erwinia amylovora. ‘Ladina’ showed less fire blight blossom cluster infection in untreated and treated plants compared to ‘Gala Galaxy’. Blossom cluster infection rates following different plant protection treatments did not differ significantly from each other in ‘Gala Galaxy’ whereas they did in ‘Ladina’.
Characteristics of a later life population in a general adult community mental health service setting
Authors: O’Sullivan R. , Cosgrave M. , Butler A. , Lyne J.P 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectives:Globally, increasing life expectancy has escalated demands on psychiatric services caring for a later life population. It is recognised that those with enduring mental illness may have specific needs with advancing age. In this study, we describe the characteristics of a population aged over 60 years attending a general adult community psychiatric service and compare demographic and clinical features across age and diagnostic categories. The study aims to gather preliminary information which may guide future local mental health service planning.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using retrospective chart review of all patients aged over 60 years attending four community mental health teams in North Dublin. Cohorts of attenders were stratified by age comparing 60–64 year age group with the population aged 65 years and over. Attenders were also stratified by diagnosis and regression analysis was used to determine predictors of psychotic disorder diagnosis.Results:The study included 127 patients. There was a higher prevalence of psychotic disorders among those aged 65 years and over (n = 73), while those aged 60–64 years (n = 54) were more likely to have depression and non-affective, non-psychotic disorders. Among the population aged 65 years and over 78% (n = 57) were long-term psychiatric service attenders.Conclusions:The majority of the sample aged 65 years and over were long-term service attenders with a diagnosis of severe mental illness. Further research is warranted to determine optimal service delivery for later life psychiatric service attenders.
Texture characterization of some large hailstones with an automated technique
Authors: Montagnat Maurine , Bourcier Mathieu , Philip Armelle , Bons Paul D. , Bauer Catherine C. , Deconinck Paul , Hereil Pierre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHailstone structures have been studied for over a century, but so far mainly by manual optical means. This paper presents new texture and microstructure data (i.e. crystal lattice orientations, grain sizes and shapes) measured with an Automatic Ice Texture Analyzer, which gives access to high spatial and angular resolutions. The hailstones show two main characteristics: (1) they are structured with several concentric layers composed of alternating fine equiaxed grains and coarse elongated and radially oriented grains, and (2) they show two texture types with c-axes oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the radial direction. Such textures are compared with the ones observed in lake S1 and S2 ices, respectively. The S1 texture type (with c-axes parallel to the columnar crystals that grew in the radial direction) may result from epitaxial growth from a polycrystalline embryo, while the S2 texture (c-axes in the plane perpendicular to the column direction) may result from the growth from an embryo made of a few crystals with mainly one crystallographic orientation. Our novel high-resolution maps and measurements of both microstructure and texture may help to shed new light on the long-term discussion on the growth mechanisms of large hailstones.
Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of dairy calves – a review of its importance and relationship to health and performance
Authors: Virgínio Júnior Gercino Ferreira , Bittar Carla Maris Machado 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This review aims to explain how microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in young dairy calves is related to health and, consequently, to the performance of these animals. The review addresses everything from the fundamental aspects of microbial colonization to the current understanding about the microbiota manipulation to improve performance in adult animals. The ruminal microbiota is the most studied, mainly due to the high interest in the fermentative aspects, the production of short-chain fatty acids, and microbial proteins, and its effects on animal production. However, in recent years, the intestinal microbiota has gained space between studies, mainly due to the relationship to the host health and how it affects performance. Understanding how the GIT's microbiota looks like and how it is colonized may allow future studies to predict the best timing for dietary interventions as a way to manipulate it and, consequently, improve the health and performance of young ruminants.
Superstrate-based patch antenna array with reduced in-band radar cross section
Authors: Vyshnavi Das S. K. , Singh Avinash , Gurap Arti A. , Singh Hema 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo design a low radar cross section (RCS) antenna, the major concern is not only to reduce scattering, but also to maintain its radiation parameters, viz. gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), etc. This paper presents a simple configuration of low RCS microstrip patch array with a periodic structure-based superstrate. The ground of the array is designed as reduced ground plane with high impedance surface elements, viz. rectangular patch and Jerusalem cross. The configuration of superstrate consists of multilayered, viz., two-layered and three-layered structures having partially absorbing and reflecting surfaces. In both the proposed configurations, the array gain of 12.5 dB is maintained with reduced structural RCS over the entire in-band frequency range. The reflection coefficient (~ −20 dB) and VSWR (~ 1.1) of the array are maintained. It is shown that the proposed superstrate-based patch array design has significantly reduced in-band RCS (−18 dBsm) at its resonant frequency.
Investigation of the cutting plane and tolerance analysis of cross-coupled W-band waveguide filters with multiple transmission zeros by source to load cross-coupling
Authors: Miek Daniel , Bartlett Chad , Kamrath Fynn , Boe Patrick , Höft Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of the cutting plane as well as the orientation of the cavities in cross-coupled W-band waveguide filters are investigated. When waveguide filters are manufactured with the commonly known CNC (computer numerical control) milling technique, at least one cutting plane is required. The position of this cutting plane has an impact on the composition of the cavities, the manufacturing accuracy, and on the maximal number of transmission zeros (TZs) introduced by a direct source to load (SL) cross-coupling. Similar filter set-ups therefore may show different performances depending on the position of this cutting plane. To examine all these effects, three similar fourth-order W-band filter set-ups are realized with distinct cutting planes and different oriented cavities. The filters are compared in terms of the sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances, the maximal number of TZs introduced by a direct SL cross-coupling as well as their spurious mode performance.
The Geography of Numerical Mixing in a Suite of Global Ocean Models
Authors: Holmes R. M. , Zika J. D. , Griffies S. M. , Hogg A. McC. , Kiss A. E. , England M. H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNumerical mixing, defined here as the physically spurious tracer diffusion due to the numerical discretization of advection, is known to contribute to biases in ocean models. However, quantifying numerical mixing is nontrivial, with most studies utilizing targeted experiments in idealized settings. Here, we present a water mass transformation‐based method for quantifying numerical mixing that can be applied to any conserved variable in general circulation models. Furthermore, the method can be applied within individual fluid columns to provide spatial information. We apply the method to a suite of global ocean model simulations with differing grid spacings and subgrid‐scale parameterizations. In all configurations numerical mixing drives diathermal heat transport of comparable magnitude to that associated with explicit parameterizations. Numerical mixing is prominent in the tropical thermocline, where it is sensitive to the vertical diffusivity and resolution. At colder temperatures numerical mixing is sensitive to the presence of explicit neutral diffusion, suggesting that it may act as a proxy for neutral diffusion when it is explicitly absent. Comparison of otherwise equivalent 1/4° and 1/10° configurations with grid‐scale dependent horizontal viscosity shows only a modest enhancement in numerical mixing at 1/4°. However, if the lateral viscosity is maintained while resolution is increased then numerical mixing is reduced by almost 35%. This result suggests that the common practice of reducing viscosity in order to maximize permitted variability must be considered carefully. Our results provide a detailed view of numerical mixing in ocean models and pave the way for improvements in parameter choices and numerical methods.
Core binding factor acute myelogenous leukemia-2021 treatment algorithm
Authors: Borthakur Gautam , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCore binding factor acute myelogenous leukemia (CBF-AML), characterized by the presence of either t(8;21) (q22;q22) or inv(16) (p13q22)/t(16;16), is considered good-risk AML in the context of cytarabine based intensive chemotherapy. Still, outcome can be improved significantly through the effective implementation of available therapeutic measures and appropriate disease monitoring. The incorporation of gemtuzumab ozogamicin into frontline therapy should be standard. Cytarabine based induction/consolidation regimen may be combined with anthracycline (3 + 7 standard) or antimetabolite, fludarabine. Serial quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) monitoring of unique fusion transcripts allows monitoring for measurable residual disease clearance; this allows for better prognostication and well as treatment modifications.
Fusion gene map of acute leukemia revealed by transcriptome sequencing of a consecutive cohort of 1000 cases in a single center
Authors: Chen Xue , Wang Fang , Zhang Yang , Ma Xiaoli , Cao Panxiang , Yuan Lili , Wang Lan , Chen Jiaqi , Zhou Xiaosu , Wu Qisheng , Liu Ming , Jin David , Liu Hongxing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFusion genes (FGs) are important genetic abnormalities in acute leukemias, but their variety and occurrence in acute leukemias remain to be systematically described. Whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) provides a powerful tool for analyzing FGs. Here we report the FG map revealed by WTS in a consecutive cohort of 1000 acute leukemia cases in a single center, including 539 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 437 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 24 mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) patients. Bioinformatic analysis identified 792 high-confidence in-frame fusion events (296 distinct fusions) which were classified into four tiers. Tier A (pathogenic), B (likely pathogenic), and C (uncertain significance) FGs were identified in 61.8% cases of the total cohort (59.7% in AML, 64.5% in ALL, and 63.6% in MPAL). FGs involving protein kinase, transcription factor, and epigenetic genes were detected in 10.7%, 48.5%, and 15.1% cases, respectively. A considerable amount of novel FGs (82 in AML, 88 in B-ALL, 13 in T-ALL, and 9 in MPAL) was identified. This comprehensively described real map of FGs in acute leukemia revealed multiple FGs with clinical relevance that have not been previously recognized. WTS is a valuable tool and should be widely used in the routine diagnostic workup of acute leukemia.
OGA is associated with deglycosylation of NONO and the KU complex during DNA damage repair
Authors: Cui Yaqi , Xie Rong , Zhang Xuefang , Liu Yi , Hu Yixuan , Li Yuan , Liu Xiuhua , Yu Xiaochun , Wu Chen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccumulated evidence shows that OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in response to DNA damage repair. However, it is unclear if the “eraser” O-GlcNAcase (OGA) participates in this cellular process. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of OGA in DNA damage repair, and found that OGA was recruited to the sites of DNA damage and mediated deglycosylation following DNA damage. The recruitment of OGA to DNA lesions is mediated by O-GlcNAcylation events. Moreover, we have dissected OGA using deletion mutants and found that C-terminal truncated OGA including the pseudo HAT domain was required for the recruitment of OGA to DNA lesions. Using unbiased protein affinity purification, we found that the pseudo HAT domain was associated with DNA repair factors including NONO and the Ku70/80 complex. Following DNA damage, both NONO and the Ku70/80 complex were O-GlcNAcylated by OGT. The pseudo HAT domain was required to recognize NONO and the Ku70/80 complex for their deglycosylation. Suppression of the deglycosylation prolonged the retention of NONO at DNA lesions and delayed NONO degradation on the chromatin, which impaired non-homologus end joining (NHEJ). Collectively, our study reveals that OGA-mediated deglycosylation plays a key role in DNA damage repair.
A distinct growth physiology enhances bacterial growth under rapid nutrient fluctuations
Authors: Nguyen Jen , Fernandez Vicente , Pontrelli Sammy , Sauer Uwe , Ackermann Martin , Stocker Roman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt has long been known that bacteria coordinate their physiology with their nutrient environment, yet our current understanding offers little intuition for how bacteria respond to the second-to-minute scale fluctuations in nutrient concentration characteristic of many microbial habitats. To investigate the effects of rapid nutrient fluctuations on bacterial growth, we couple custom microfluidics with single-cell microscopy to quantify the growth rate of E. coli experiencing 30 s to 60 min nutrient fluctuations. Compared to steady environments of equal average concentration, fluctuating environments reduce growth rate by up to 50%. However, measured reductions in growth rate are only 38% of the growth loss predicted from single nutrient shifts. This enhancement derives from the distinct growth response of cells grown in environments that fluctuate rather than shift once. We report an unexpected physiology adapted for growth in nutrient fluctuations and implicate nutrient timescale as a critical environmental parameter beyond nutrient identity and concentration.
Identification of a dual orange/far-red and blue light photoreceptor from an oceanic green picoplankton
Authors: Makita Yuko , Suzuki Shigekatsu , Fushimi Keiji , Shimada Setsuko , Suehisa Aya , Hirata Manami , Kuriyama Tomoko , Kurihara Yukio , Hamasaki Hidefumi , Okubo-Kurihara Emiko , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Sakuta Masaaki , Gojobori Takashi , Sakami Tomoko , Narikawa Rei , Yamaguchi Haruyo , Kawachi Masanobu , Matsui Minami 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotoreceptors are conserved in green algae to land plants and regulate various developmental stages. In the ocean, blue light penetrates deeper than red light, and blue-light sensing is key to adapting to marine environments. Here, a search for blue-light photoreceptors in the marine metagenome uncover a chimeric gene composed of a phytochrome and a cryptochrome (Dualchrome1, DUC1) in a prasinophyte, Pycnococcus provasolii. DUC1 detects light within the orange/far-red and blue spectra, and acts as a dual photoreceptor. Analyses of its genome reveal the possible mechanisms of light adaptation. Genes for the light-harvesting complex (LHC) are duplicated and transcriptionally regulated under monochromatic orange/blue light, suggesting P. provasolii has acquired environmental adaptability to a wide range of light spectra and intensities.
Stepwise maturation of the peptidyl transferase region of human mitoribosomes
Authors: Lenarčič Tea , Jaskolowski Mateusz , Leibundgut Marc , Scaiola Alain , Schönhut Tanja , Saurer Martin , Lee Richard G. , Rackham Oliver , Filipovska Aleksandra , Ban Nenad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMitochondrial ribosomes are specialized for the synthesis of membrane proteins responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. Mammalian mitoribosomes have diverged considerably from the ancestral bacterial ribosomes and feature dramatically reduced ribosomal RNAs. The structural basis of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome assembly is currently not well understood. Here we present eight distinct assembly intermediates of the human large mitoribosomal subunit involving seven assembly factors. We discover that the NSUN4-MTERF4 dimer plays a critical role in the process by stabilizing the 16S rRNA in a conformation that exposes the functionally important regions of rRNA for modification by the MRM2 methyltransferase and quality control interactions with the conserved mitochondrial GTPase MTG2 that contacts the sarcin-ricin loop and the immature active site. The successive action of these factors leads to the formation of the peptidyl transferase active site of the mitoribosome and the folding of the surrounding rRNA regions responsible for interactions with tRNAs and the small ribosomal subunit.