bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“For there is nothing lost, that may be found, if sought”. Manuscript terminology across languages and scientific disciplines
Authors: Jakobi-Mirwald Christine , Maniaci Marilena 
Published: February 2021

The complex terminology used in the description of medieval books in manuscript catalogues and other scientific contributions offers a wide range of possible ambiguities and losses across languages and disciplines, losses that become evident most notably on their crossing paths in the Internet. . Sadly enough, true long-term collaboration across countries and disciplines is more the exception than the rule, which is also why the question of terminology and its translation is frequently neglected. The authors of the present contribution, an Italian codicologist and a German art historian – both of whom have provided lexicographical work tools which have seen several translations) – propose an overview of the work tools currently available (theoretical reflections, dictionaries, multilingual glossaries), followed by a small but significant selection of examples of gaps, ambiguities and other problems regarding the building of a shared multilingual language in manuscript studies.
Context-dependent phonetic enhancement of a phonation contrast in San Pablo Macuiltianguis Zapotec
Authors: Barzilai Maya L. , Riestenberg Katherine J. 
Published: February 2021

This paper presents novel data from San Pablo Macuiltianguis Zapotec, a Sierra Juárez variety spoken in Oaxaca, Mexico. This language is ‘laryngeally complex’ (Silverman, 1997), exhibiting both contrastive tone and contrastive phonation. We examine the acoustic properties of the modal and checked vowels in this language, showing that this contrast is variably produced with several different acoustic cues. We analyze the distribution of these cues as an instance of phonetic enhancement and further show that the prosodic position of a given vowel determines which of several enhancement patterns is used. We argue that extant theories of phonetic enhancement, while able to explain the patterns described here, fall short of predicting the distribution of enhancing cues. We therefore propose that future models of phonetic enhancement could be expanded to predict patterns in which more than one acoustic dimension is available for phonetic enhancement.
Theoretical Study of the Structure and Property of Ionic Liquids as Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Tian Guocai , Zhou Weizhong 
Published: February 2021

Three sets of ionic liquids such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole chloride [Cnmim]Cl, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Cnmim]Ac and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole salt [Omim]Y (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, and Y = Cl, BF4, HSO4, Ac and TFO) were used as corrosion inhibitor medium for corrosion protection of carbon steel. Electronic structures and reactivity of these ionic liquids, surface energy and electronic structures of the iron surface were systematically analyzed by density functional theory. By increasing the alkyl chain length of the [Cnmim]Cl and [Cnmim]Ac systems, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), the softness (S) and polarizability (α) increased gradually, whereas electronegativity (χ), energy gap (ΔE), hardness (η), dipole moment (μ)and electrophilic index (ω) gradually decreased. For the [Omim]Y system, the structure parameters of ionic liquids are quite different, and only the polarizability (α) decreases gradually by increasing the length of the alkyl chain. The results show that inhibition is mainly [Cnmim]+ cations of the [Cnmim]Cl system, and the order of inhibition efficiency follows as [C2mim]Cl < [C4mim]Cl < [C6mim]Cl < [C8mim]Cl. Both [Cnmim]+ cations and the Ac− anion have inhibition effect for the [Xmim]Ac system, and the order of inhibition efficiency is [C8mim]Ac > [C6mim]Ac > [C4mim]Ac > [C2mim]Ac. For the [Omim]Y system, [Xmim]+ cations and anions (BF4−, HSO4−, Ac−, TfO−) have inhibition effect, and the order of inhibition efficiency is [Omim]TfO > [Omim]Ac > [Omim]HSO4 > [Omim]BF4 > [Omim]Cl.
texto al contra-texto
Authors: Garayalde Nicolas Esteban 
Published: February 2021

¿Qué es un texto? ¿Se pueden conocer los textos? ¿Existen? ¿Cuáles son sus límites?
En los últimos veinticinco años, los estudios literarios franceses parecen estar sufriendo una transformación paradigmática que implica una reconceptualización de la noción de texto (antiguamente pensado como una unidad orgánica), cuyo estallido se produjo en gran parte tras el surgimiento de las teorías de la recepción y de la deconstrucción.
Este nuevo paradigma considera el texto como un objeto móvil cuyos límites (externos e internos) son difíciles de precisar. En este artículo, nos concentraremos en el impacto que ciertas teorías psicoanalíticas de la lectura han tenido sobre el modo de pensar el texto, su espacio y sus límites externos, y las consecuencias que esto ha tenido para la crítica literaria. Para ello, nos focalizaremos especialmente en la noción de contra-texto.
What is a text? Can we know texts? Do texts exist? What are the limits of texts?
In the last twenty-five years, French literary studies seem to be undergoing a paradigmatic transformation that implies a reconceptualization of the notion of text (formerly thought of as an organic unit), whose outbreak occurred largely after the emergence of reception theories and deconstruction.
This new paradigm conceives text as a mobile object whose limits (external and internal) are difficult to specify. In this article, we will focus on the impact that certain psychoanalytic theories of reading have had on the way of thinking the concept of text, its space and its external limits, and the consequences this has had for literary criticism. For this, we will focus especially on the notion of counter-text.
Qu'est-ce qu'un texte? Peut-on les connaître ? Existent-ils ? Quelles sont ses limites?
Au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années, les études littéraires françaises semblent avoir subi une transformation paradigmatique qui implique une reconceptualisation de la notion de texte (autrefois considéré comme une unité organique), dont l'éclosion s'est produite en grande partie après l'apparition des théories de la réception et de la déconstruction.
Ce nouveau paradigme, pensons-nous, considère le texte comme un objet mobile dont les limites (externes et internes) sont difficiles à définir. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrerons sur l'impact de certaines théories psychanalytiques de la lecture sur la façon de penser le texte, son espace et ses limites externes, ainsi que sur les conséquences en résultant pour la critique littéraire. Pour cela, nous allons nous intéresser plus particulièrement à la notion de contre-texte.
Approche narratologique à la transmodalisation de "Carmen": du récit littéraire à l’opéra
Authors: Robin Mathilde 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo presenta un estudio entre la novela Carmen de Mérimée y la ópera de Bizet desde una perspectiva comparatista. Ello permitirá entender el proceso de transmodalización y de mitificación, así como la diferencia de éxito entre hipotexto e hipertexto. Para ello, se analizará el tratamiento de los actantes de la ópera en comparación con los de la novela. Se incidirá sobre todo en el enriquecimiento aportado por la transmodalización.
This article presents a study between the Mérimée’s novel Carmen and its Bizet’s homonym opera from a comparatist perspective, to understand the transmodalisation and mythification process, and also the difference of success between hypotext and hypertext. To that end, it analyses the treatment of the opera’s actants in comparison with the novel’s actants, but it highlights above all the enhancement brought by the transmodalisation.
Cet article présente une étude entre la nouvelle Carmen de Mérimée et l'opéra homonyme de Bizet depuis une perspective comparatiste. Cela permettre de comprendre le processus de transmodalisation et de mythification, ainsi que la différence de succès entre l'hypotexte et l'hypertexte. Dans ce but, nous analyserons le traitement des actants de l'opéra en comparaison avec celui de la nouvelle. Nous démarquerons surtout l'enrichissement apporté par la transmodalisation.
mujeres vegetales, vegetarianas y caníbales en el universo womanista de Maryse Condé
Authors: ALONSO MORENO Marta Asunción 
Published: February 2021

Primeramente, nos proponemos analizar las reacciones de las heroínas condeanas ante las múltiples dinámicas de opresión y los variados mecanismos de las violencias patriarcales. Intentaremos ver hasta qué punto sus diferentes modos de encarnar una cierta resiliencia femenina permite clasificarlas en categorías o arquetipos actanciales.
Esto nos llevará al estudio de las imágenes vegetales de las mujeres "potomitan", las "mujeres bambú / junco" y las "mujeres-frutipán" condeanas.
En un segundo momento, alaizaremos las implicaciones poéticas y políticas de dos modelos femeninos antagónicos que hemos bautizado inspirándonos de la propia dialéctica condeana. A saber: las "re-productoras" o "vegetarianas" versus las "productoras" o "caníbales".
Para ello, partiremos de un esbozo de la problemática relativa al hipotético feminismo condeano (?) y de una aproximación a la fértil noción del "womanismo" de Maryse Condé (PRAEGER, 2010).
The aim of this paper would be to identify how the heroines of Maryse Condé’s works react to the multiple dynamics of oppression and to the varied forms of patriarchal violence. We will try to see if their different ways of showing feminine resilience allow us to classify them into categories or actantial archetypes.
We will first study the images of potomitan women, « bamboo women » and « breadfruit-women ». In a second step, we intend to analyze the poetic and political implications of two antagonistic female models that we have named after Condé’s dialectics : the « re-producers » or « vegetarians » versus the « producers » or « cannibals ».
Ir order to do this, we will start from an introduction to the problem of Condé’s feminism (?) and from an approximations to the fertile notion of Condé’s « womanism » (PRAEGER, 2010).
pluridimensionalidad lingüístico-cultural del relato condeano: la Bruja de Salem y su imaginario criollo
Authors: Carrión González Paola 
Published: February 2021

La escritura condeana constituye un ejemplo evidente de literatura poscolonial antillana, donde la dimensión social merece especial atención, al confluir en ella las problemáticas y consecuencias más relevantes del proceso de la colonización: esclavitud, estratificación social, exilio identitario, espiritualidad y creencias y en particular las cuestions relacionadas con la mujer, concebida aquí como modelo del sujeto subalterno, protagonista indiscutible en el relato de Condé. La descripción de estos elementos, a su vez enmarcados en un entorno natural sin precedentes, se sumerge en un fenómeno de hibridación lingüística, como resultado del mestizaje de múltiples comunidades poblacionales, que dota a la narración de unidades creolizadas, neologismos, expresiones idiomáticas y toda una serie de mecanismos lingüísticos que hacen de su escritura un melting pot literario y todo un desafío para la traducción.
Condé’s writing is one of the most relevant examples of post-colonial literature. In this context, the social dimension deserves special attention, as it represents the intersection between the main difficulties stemming from West Indies colonization: slavery, social stratification, identity exile, religion and in particular, women’s issues. In this regard, the woman is undestood as a subaltern subject and she constitutes the undeniable protagonist of Condé’s story. Surrounded by a striking landscape, the description of all these elements is immersed in a linguistic hybridization, as a result of miscegenation of different communities. Thereby, the story has plenty of creolized words, neologisms, idiomatic expressions and a range of linguistic mechanisms that turn this narrative into a literary melting pot and into a real translation challenge.
L’écriture condéenne constitue un exemple clair de littérature postcoloniale antillaise, où la dimension sociale est particulièrement digne d’attention, étant donné la convergence des principales problématiques et conséquences liées au processus de colonisation : esclavage, stratification sociale, exile identitaire, univers de croyances et notamment, les questions relatives à la femme, conçue ici comme l’archétype de la subalternité, héroïne indéniable du récit de Condé. La description de ces facteurs, inscrite à son tour dans un milieu naturel incomparable, se plonge dans une hybridation linguistique, résultat du métissage de plusieurs communautés, qui couvre le récit d’unités créolisées, néologismes, expressions idiomatiques et de toute une série de mécanismes linguistiques qui transforment cette prose en un melting pot littéraire et en un défi vis-à-vis de la traduction.
conciencia pragmática en estudiantes avanzados de francés lengua extranjera: un estudio empírico .
Authors: Ruiz de Zarobe Leyre 
Published: February 2021

La composante pragmatique est une composante de la compétence communicative qui a acquis une importance croissante dans les dernières années pour les apprenants de langues étrangères, dont le français, en raison du besoin pour ces apprenants de devenir communicativement compétents dans un monde globalisé et internationalisé. Cependant, cette compétence est peu présente dans l´enseignement du français langue étrangère (FLE), ce qui mène à s´interroger si les apprenants ont une conscience pragmatique de la langue étrangère, car cette conscience joue un rôle déterminant dans son acquisition. L´objet de notre étude est de mener une recherche empirique afin d´examiner le niveau de conscience pragmatique d´étudiants espagnols avancés de FLE. Nos résultats montrent que cette conscience ne va de pair avec leur niveau linguistique, ce qui nous conduit à signaler le besoin de renforcer l´enseignement de cette compétence dans l´enseignement du FLE.
The importance of pragmatic competence, which is part of communicative competence, has increased in recent years for foreign language learners in order to help them become communicative competent in a globalised and internationalised world. Nevertheless, this competence is not very present in French as a foreign language (FLE) teaching which leads us to question if learners have pragmatic awareness in the foreign language as this pragmatic awareness plays a key role in its acquisition. The aim of this study is to examine the pragmatic awareness of Spanish advanced students in FLE. Our results show that their pragmatic awareness doenot correlate with their linguistic proficiency, which leads us to reinforce the importance of teaching pragmatic competence in FLE.
Itinéraire erratique et mutation identitaire dans "Desirada" de M. Condé
Authors: Eyenga Onana Pierre Suzanne 
Published: February 2021

¿De qué manera el fenómeno de la inmigración hace que los migrantes cambien su identidad psicológica, socioprofesional y cultural hasta el punto de convertirse en híbridos? Basado en la sociocrítica de Henri Mitterand, este estudio está organizado en tres partes. En primer lugar, mostramos cómo la inmigración resulta ser un escollo en el proceso de construcción de la identidad del migrante, así como un trampolín para reinventarse en el espacio extranjero. A continuación, miramos la dimensión estética que nos permite captar la novela principalmente como una obra de arte y no como un libro de texto de historia. Por último, ilustramos que la identidad, en la obra de Condé, resulta de la suma de las culturas que el migrante encuentra a lo largo de su errático itinerario.
How does the phenomenon of immigration cause migrants to change their psychological, socio-professional and cultural identities to such an extent that they become hybrids? Based on Henri Mitterand’s sociocriticism, this study is organized in three parts. First, we show how immigration proves to be a stumbling block in the migrant's identity-building process, as well as a springboard for reinventing oneself in the foreign space. Then we look at the aesthetic dimension that allows us to grasp the novel above all as a work of art and not a history textbook. Finally, we illustrate that identity, in Condé's case, results from the sum of the cultures that the migrant encounters throughout his or her erratic itinerary.
Comment le phénomène de l’immigration engendre-t-il chez les migrants des mutations identitaires aux plans psychologique, socioprofessionnel et culturel au point d’en faire des êtres hybrides ? Se fondant sur la sociocritique d’Henri Mitterand, la présente étude s’organise en trois parties. D’abord, nous montrons comment l’immigration s’avère un écueil dans le processus de construction identitaire du migrant, autant qu’un tremplin pour la réinvention de soi-même dans l’espace étranger. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à la dimension esthétique qui permet de saisir le roman avant tout comme une œuvre d’art et non un manuel d’histoire. Enfin, nous illustrons que l’identité, chez Condé, résulte de la somme des cultures auxquelles se confronte le migrant tout au long de son itinéraire erratique.
Des stéréotypes des hommes et de femmes noirs dans "Brin d’amour" et "Histoire de la femme cannibale", entre continuité et désir de changement
Authors: Pisa Cañete María Teresa 
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar, desde una perspectiva contrastiva, los estereotipos de los negros y de las negras en las novelas Brin d’amour y Histoire de la femme cannibale, de Raphaël Constant y Maryse Condé, dos escritores antillanos contemporáneos. Tras la presentación del marco metodológico, el análisis muestra los elementos que componen esos estereotipos, como las acciones y los pensamientos de los personajes, así como las relaciones entre ellos. Además, los personajes de cada novela representan actitudes opuestas sobre la realidad representada, lo que da lugar a una antítesis ideológica. Esto también ocurre entre las protagonistas de las dos novelas: Lysiane y Rosélie. La primera, desde el principio, simboliza la indignación y la revuelta contra las condiciones de la mujer, mientras que la segunda se identifica con la inseguridad y la sumisión. Sin embargo, al final las dos lucharán por la libertad. Estas dos novelas pueden ser consideradas como actos literarios de oposición a la discriminación de las personas negras y de las mujeres.
The purpose of this paper is to study, from a comparative perspective, the stereotypes of Black People and Black Women in the novels Brin d’amour and Histoire de la femme cannibale, by Raphaël Constant and Maryse Condé, two Antillean contemporary writers. After having introduced the methodological frame, the analysis will show the elements those stereotypes consist of, such as the actions and thoughts of characters and their relationships. Besides, characters of each novel will represent opposite views of the depicted reality, which results in an ideological antithesis. This is also the case between the main character of the two novels: Lysiane and Rosélie. The first, from the beginning, symbolises indignation and revolt against women conditions, white the second identifies herself with lack of confidence and submission. However, in the end both characters will fight for freedom. These two novels can be considered as literary acts opposed to discrimination against black people and women.
Screening of Natural Product and Natural Product like Molecules against SARS–CoV–2 Main Protease Using Molecular Modeling Methods
Authors: Akgün Ismail Hakki 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To determine possible MPro enzyme inhibitors by using structure-based virtual screening methods, in the ZINC Biogenic Data Set containing natural products and natural product-like molecules.
Materials and Methods: QVina, an AutoDockVina derivative, was used in virtual screening operations, GROMACS in molecular dynamics studies and SwissAdme server in ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) calculations. KNIME (Konstanz Information Miner) and ChemAxon software were used for filtering data and creating three-dimensional structures of the molecules.
Results: Seven out of totally screened 51535 natural products or natural products like molecules were identified as possible candidate to be used as SARS–CoV–2 Main Protease (MPro) enzyme inhibitors based on the results obtained from structure based virtual screening and ADME models.
Conclusion: Among the seven potent molecules, two of them (ZINC000604382012 and ZINC000514288074) were selected as candidate molecules for further studies according to the results obtained from g_mmpbsa simulations and synthetic accessibility models. In addition, a workflow has been established to identify novel or potent Mpro enzyme inhibitors.
Friedrich Engels - 200 anos
Authors: Ferreira Muniz Gonçalves 
Published: February 2021

<p>Este Volume 12, N. 3 conversa sobre as contribuições de Friedrich Engels com o Professor Muniz Ferreira. O Roteiro, elaborado por Maria de Fátima Rodrigues Pereira, Pedro Leão da Costa Neto e Rodrigo Castelo explora a trajetória de estudos do entrevistado acerca da abordagem das relações internacionais em perspectiva marxista, do próprio marxismo e da obra de Marx e Engels. O resultado é uma interessante reflexão que recupera a própria trajetória intelectual de Muniz Ferreira, destacando-se aqui os estudos sobre a abordagem de Marx e Engels sobre as relações internacionais, sem perder de vista a análise da relevância das contribuições de Engels para o marxismo. Boa leitura!!</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Asplenic-hyposplenic Overwhelming Sepsis: Postsplenectomy Sepsis Revisited
Authors: Hansen Katrine , Singer Don B. 
Published: July 2002

Absence of the spleen or splenic function predisposes individuals to risk of overwhelming infection. These infections are most often due to encapsulated organisms, especially pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and meningococcus, but any bacterial agent may cause the rapid onset of septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, and shock characteristic of the asplenic-hyposplenic condition. The risk is greatest in infants and young children, but asplenic-hyposplenic adults also have an increased risk of infection. Prophylactic antibiotics and immunization with polyvalent pneumococcal, H. influenzae type b, and meningococcal vaccines have reduced the incidence of infections in asplenic-hyposplenic individuals, but even these measures have not eliminated the risk. Surgeons have adopted techniques to save as much splenic tissue as possible and some splenic functions, such as pitting red cells, have been preserved, but conservative surgery has not provided total protection against overwhelming infection. Therapies designed to interrupt the cascade of overwhelming sepsis have not yet been successful. In those cases in which the spleen is surgically removed, the underlying disease or condition leading to splenectomy influences the risk of sepsis. Splenectomy incidental to other operations, such as gastrectomy, results in the lowest risk for overwhelming infection, but this is still some 35-fold greater than the risk for overwhelming infections in the general population. In increasing order of risk, the other main indications for surgical removal of the spleen are idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, trauma, transplantation procedures, hereditary spherocytosis, staging Hodgkin's disease, portal hypertension with hypersplenism, and thalassemia. Pathologists should comment on the risk of overwhelming sepsis when spleens are processed as surgical specimens, and should carefully weigh all splenic tissue, including accessory spleens and splenic implants (splenosis), in autopsy cases with and without overwhelming sepsis.