bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A strategy for practical authentication of medicinal plants in traditional Chinese medicine prescription, paeony root in ShaoYao‐GanCao decoction as a case study
Authors: Cheng Mengzhen , Yao Changliang , Li Yun , Li Zhenwei , Li Haojv , Yao Shuai , Qu Hua , Li Jiayuan , Wei Wenlong , Zhang Jianqing , Guo De‐an 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAuthentication of Chinese medicine materials in prescriptions is extremely difficult due to the complicated chemical matrix. A strategy integrating in‐depth profiling, chemical marker selection, and selected detection was established and exemplarily applied to authenticate paeony root in ShaoYao‐GanCao decoction. First, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/linear trap quadrupole‐Orbitrap method was developed to probe the chemical compositions of the decoction. Second, 20 batches of decoctions prepared from white paeony root and red paeony root were compared by a metabolomics method, and multistep chemometrics analysis distinguished the chemical markers. Third, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/QDa‐selected ion monitoring method was developed to authenticate the paeony root in decoctions. As a result, 161 compounds were characterized, including 84 triterpene saponins, 42 flavonoids, and 10 monoterpenes. Four chemical markers and paeoniflorin were successfully screened out as chemical markers for white paeony root. The selected ion monitoring method easily differentiated authentic decoction (prepared from white paeony root) from fraud decoction (prepared from red paeony root) by monitoring the above five chemical markers. In conclusion, the strategy was proved effective in authentication of paeony root in ShaoYao‐GanCao decoction, and it can also be applied to authenticate other Chinese medicine materials in prescriptions, which will greatly avail the quality enhancement of prescriptions.
Biomimetic Tough Gels with Weak Bonds Unravel the Role of Collagen from Fibril to Suprafibrillar Self‐Assembly
Authors: Lama Milena , Raveendranathan Biravena , Brun Julie , Fernandes Francisco M. , Boissière Cédric , Nassif Nadine , Marcellan Alba 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiological tissues rich in type I collagen exhibit specific hierarchical fibrillar structures together with remarkable mechanical toughness. However, the role of collagen alone in their mechanical response at different structural levels is not fully understood. Here, it is proposed to rationalize such challenging interplay from a materials science perspective through the subtle control of this protein self‐assembly in vitro. It is relied on a spray‐processing approach to readily use the collagen phase diagram and set a palette of biomimetic self‐assembled collagen gels in terms of suprafibrillar organization. Their mechanical responses unveil the involvement of mechanisms occurring either at fibrillar or suprafibrillar scales. Noticeably, both modulus at early stage of deformations and tensile toughness probe the suprafibrillar organization, while durability under cyclic loading and stress relaxation reflect mechanisms at the fibril level. By changing the physicochemical environment, the interfibrillar interactions are modified toward more biomimetic mechanical responses. The possibility of making tissue‐like materials with versatile compositions and toughness opens perspectives in tissue engineering.
Is College Remediation a Barrier or a Boost? Evidence from the Tennessee SAILS Program
Authors: Kane Thomas J. , Boatman Angela , Kozakowski Whitney , Bennett Christopher , Hitch Rachel , Weisenfeld Dana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany states are redesigning their college remediation policies to increase postsecondary degree completion. In 2012, Tennessee began waiving college math remediation for high school students who completed a computer‐based remedial math course (SAILS) during their senior year. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that the high school remedial course did not improve students' math achievement any more than the typical senior year math course (although it
did allow students to avoid the cost and delay of remedial math in college). Using a difference‐in‐difference design, we find that completing SAILS boosted enrollment in college‐level math among first‐year community college students by nearly 30 percentage points, with nearly half of new enrollees passing the college‐level course. Such students had, however, only completed 1.5 additional college courses after two years. In 2015, Tennessee community colleges implemented “co‐requisite” remediation, allowing students to complete remediation alongside college‐level math. Under the co‐requisite policy, completing SAILS no longer produced any boost in college credits. Although both alternatives to pre‐requisite remediation produced modest gains for students and taxpayers, remediation requirements are not a primary driver of low degree completion rates.
The effect of long‐time moisture exposure and low temperatures on mechanical behavior of open‐hole Cfrp laminate
Authors: Mára Vladimír , Michalcová Lenka , Kadlec Martin , Krčil Jan , Špatenka Petr 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarbon fiber composite laminates (CFRP) used in aerospace are operating under various environmental conditions. Parts are often exposed to moisture which slowly diffuses into the laminate and forms internal stresses. During the flight, the aircraft is also exposed to low or elevated temperatures. The result is negative impact on composite performance due to formation of hygrothermal stresses. Understanding this phenomenon helps with prediction of the damage development which is vital for increasing the components service life. The open‐hole CFRP laminates were conditioned in humid air at 70°C/85% RH for 33,800 h and the effect of low temperatures on quasi‐cyclic tension properties and fracture behavior was investigated. The mechanical tests on two types of CFRP laminate with different number and orientation of plies were performed under − 55°C. The material behavior during the testing was monitored by acoustic emission technique. The light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for the identification of failure mechanisms. The study showed that the hygrothermal effect has significant impact on materials toughness reduction. The damage mechanisms and characteristic morphologic features are changing due to the matrix degradation and weakened fiber/matrix interface.
Cell‐free fetal DNA coming in all sizes and shapes
Authors: Chiu Rossa W. K. , Lo Y.M. Dennis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCell‐free fetal DNA analysis has an established role in prenatal assessments. It serves as a source of fetal genetic material that is accessible non‐invasively from maternal blood. Through the years, evidence has accumulated to show that cell‐free fetal DNA molecules are derived from placental tissues, are mainly of short DNA fragments and have rapid post‐delivery clearance profiles. But questions regarding how they come to being short molecules from placental cells and in which physical forms do they exist remained largely unanswered until recently. We now know that the distributions of ending sites of cell‐free DNA molecules are non‐random across the genome and bear correlations with the chromatin structures of cells from which they have originated. Such an insight offers ways to deduce the tissue‐of‐origin of these molecules. Besides, the physical nature and sequence characteristics of the ends of each cell‐free DNA molecule provide tell‐tale signs of how the DNA fragmentation processes are orchestrated by nuclease enzymes. These realizations offered opportunities to develop methods for enriching cell‐free fetal DNA to facilitate non‐invasive prenatal diagnostics. Here we aimed to collate what is known about the biological and physical characteristics of cell‐free fetal DNA into one article and explain the implications of these observations.
Returning to teaching during COVID‐19: An empirical study on elementary teachers' self‐efficacy
Authors: Pressley Tim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore how the new teaching approaches and requirements because of COVID‐19 impacted elementary teachers' self‐efficacy, specifically instructional and engagement efficacy. The current study included 329 participants from across the United States who completed the Teacher Sense of Self‐Efficacy Scale (TSES) subsections of instructional and engagement. The results found the average teacher efficacy scores for both instructional and engagement were lower than TSES scores of instructional and engagement in previous studies. The results also indicated teachers who were teaching virtually had the lowest instructional efficacy scores compared to teachers teaching in a hybrid or all in‐person model. However, the results suggested no difference in engagement efficacy score based on the instructional approach. There was also no difference in both instructional and engagement efficacy based on previous accolades or teacher location.
Electrostatic Balance Parameter Mediated Energy Functions‐Toward the Stability and Performance of Explosives
Authors: Han Xun , Liu Min , Huang Hui , Tan Bisheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is a main challenge to achieve a fine balance between high energy density and good molecular stability in energetic material research. The electrostatic balance parameter (ν), a universal parameter, that describes the coordination relationship between energy and stability of explosives may achieve this purpose. The strain energy, resonance energy, and large π‐π separation energy were calculated from the perspective of molecular transformability to evaluate the stability of explosive molecules, and ν was used to mediate the three parameters.
A two state model study of photo‐detachment dynamics driven by an optimally designed polychromatic field: A simulated annealing based optimisation
Authors: Talukder Srijeeta , Seal Dipayan , Naskar Pulak , Chaudhury Pinaki , Ghosh Subhasree 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe surfaces of and F2 are two well separated surfaces modeled by two Morse potentials. In presence of a field, these two surfaces couple and transition from to F2 takes place resulting in the detachment of an electron. We have applied Simulated Annealing (SA) technique to design the polychromatic field which results in ∼ 95% probability of photo detachment (Pd). Also we have designed a field to achieve photo detachment followed by dissociation of FF bond with nearly 38% dissociation probability. F2 being a homo nuclear diatomic molecule, promotion to the continuum states by directly exciting it from its ground vibrational state is an impossibility and our method appears to be a feasible solution if the target is to break the FF bond.
Distributed resource allocation of second‐order nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Li Shiling , Nian Xiaohong , Deng Zhenhua , Chen Zhao , Meng Qing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article investigates a resource allocation problem of second‐order nonlinear multiagent systems. The resource allocation problem arises from many fields such as economic dispatch, network utility maximization, and demand response. Due to the dynamics of agents, we cannot solve this problem by using existing resource allocation algorithms. In order to achieve the optimal allocation, we propose a distributed protocol for agents based on gradient descent. Besides, we analyze the global convergence of the algorithm by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. Finally, we provide examples to illustrate our result.
Room‐Temperature Diffusion‐Induced Extraction for Perovskite Nanocrystals with High Luminescence and Stability
Authors: Yao Fang , Liu Yongjie , Xu Yalun , Peng Jiali , Gui Pengbin , Liang Jiwei , Lin Qianqian , Tao Chen , Fang Guojia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) serve as a kind of ideal semiconductor for luminescence and display applications. However, the optoelectronic performance and stability of perovskite NCs are mainly subjected to current ligand strategies since these ligands exhibit a highly dynamic binding state, which complicates NC purification and storage. Herein, a method named diffusion‐induced extraction is developed for crystallization (DEC) at room temperature, in which silicone oil serves as a medium to separate the solvent from perovskite precursors and diethyl ether promotes the nucleation, leading to highly emissive perovskite NCs. The formation mechanism of NCs using this approach is elucidated, and their optoelectronic properties are fully characterized. The resultant NCs ink exhibits a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) over 90% with a narrow full width at half maximum of 17 nm. The DEC method strengthens the interaction between ligand and NCs via the hydrophobic silicone oil. Therefore, the NCs maintain almost 95% of their initial PLQYs after aging more than seven months in air. The findings will be of great significance for the continued advancement of high PLQY perovskite NCs through a better understanding of formation dynamics. The DEC strategy presents a major step forward for advancing the field of perovskite semiconductor nanomaterials.
Antibody Glycoengineering and Homogeneous Antibody‐Drug Conjugate Preparation
Authors: Manabe Shino , Yamaguchi Yoshiki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of biopharmaceuticals in which cytotoxic agents are conjugated to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), allowing targeted drug delivery. Present heterogeneous ADCs (conjugated in random variable positions) suffered from issues of stability, reproducibility, efficacy, etc. Recent advances have led to the development of homogeneous ADC preparations by site‐specific conjugation, allowing the control of the drug‐to‐antibody ratio. These approaches have increased the therapeutic window, efficacy, and batch‐to‐batch consistency of the ADC preparations. Antibodies carry a pair of heterogeneous N‐glycans in the Fc regions, which are critical for antibody function. Drug conjugation through glycoengineering has been achieved with different approaches, including the use of endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (ENGases) and monosaccharyl transferase mutants. In this article, we summarize different glycoengineering approaches for antibody‐drug conjugation, and discuss their advantages for the development of next‐generation homogeneous ADCs.
Launching new global products into subsidiary markets: The vital role of sales and marketing collaboration
Authors: Le Meunier‐FitzHugh Kenneth , Cometto Teresa , Johnson Jim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe examine how to encourage collaboration between local sales and marketing teams in multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries in order to successfully commercialize new product launches by creating integrated, locally adapted implementation plans. Empirical research within six subsidiaries of an MNE operating in southern Latin America found that centrally produced processes alone were insufficient for successfully launching new products in these subsidiary markets. However, devolving power, while using cross‐functional teams and formalized processes to encourage communication, led to the development of the types of trust that facilitate effective relationships between sales and marketing teams, which resulted in successfully adapted new product launches for each subsidiary market. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.
Metropolitan statistical area location choice by foreign direct investors in the United States
Authors: Anderson Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe importance of new foreign direct investment as a vehicle for the formation of productive capital has stimulated interest in understanding why multinational enterprises (MNEs) choose particular locations for their investments. Using data from greenfield investments reported on the Bureau of Economic Analysis Survey of new foreign direct investment in the United States, I analyze how locational characteristics influence the choice of where foreign MNEs establish their new investments in the United States. Identifying location choice at the metropolitan statistical area level allows me to analyze both traditional determinants of location choice such industrial agglomeration as well as measures of international connectivity that have been studied in research on global cities. My results support the finding that global cities are attractive to foreign direct investors in the United States not just by virtue of their population or industrial agglomeration, which serve to attract investment, but by virtue of a much wider set of attributes, related to their demography and connections to the wider world.
Internet and Social Media Use of Undocumented Migrants
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. , Tedeschi Miriam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe internet and social media are crucial tools in asylum-related journeys and the lives of undocumented migrants in their destination countries. Many use the internet and social media in the country of origin to prepare and plan the trip, and their use becomes even more common during their asylum-related journeys. In the destination country, use of the internet and social media becomes a common, if not an everyday, necessity. In general, the digital divides diminish along their journeys to the destination countries.This chapter explores the access of undocumented migrants to the internet and social media applications; their ability to use them; and the impact of their use in their country of origin, during their journeys, and in the destination country (Finland). Internet and social media are important tools for building and maintaining social relationships; staying in touch with family; and finding a job, food and clothing, and shelter for the night. Finally, the chapter analyses rumours and misinformation on the internet and in social media, as well as among the migrants’ own networks.
Flavor symmetry of 5d SCFTs. Part II. Applications
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Part I of this series of papers, we described a general method for determining the flavor symmetry of any 5d SCFT which can be constructed by integrating out BPS particles from some 6d SCFT compactified on a circle. In this part, we apply the method to explicitly determine the flavor symmetry of those 5d SCFTs which reduce, upon a mass deformation, to some 5d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theory carrying a simple gauge algebra. In these cases, the flavor symmetry of the 5d gauge theory is often enhanced at the conformal point. We use our method to determine this enhancement.
Dissecting the two mechanisms of scramble competition among the Virunga mountain gorillas
Authors: Robbins Andrew M. , Grueter Cyril C. , Abavandimwe Didier , Stoinski Tara S. , Robbins Martha M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo mechanisms have been proposed to explain why scramble competition can increase the travel requirements of individuals within larger groups. Firstly, individuals in larger groups may be more likely to encounter food sites where other group members have already eaten, leading to greater asynchronous “individual” travel to find fresh sites. Secondly, when food sites are aggregated into patches, larger groups may need to visit more patches to obtain the same amount of food per capita, leading to greater synchronous “group” travel between patches. If the first mechanism can be mitigated by increasing group spread, then we expect the second mechanism to be more sensitive to group size. Here, we examine the individual travel and group travel of the Virunga mountain gorillas, along with potential implications for the two mechanisms of scramble competition. Asynchronous individual travel accounted for 67% of the total travel time, and the remainder arose from group travel. Group spread increased significantly for larger groups, but not enough to prevent an increase in individual travel. Contrary to expectations, group travel decreased with size among most groups, and we found only limited evidence of patch depletion that would cause the second mechanism of scramble competition. Collectively, our results illustrate how the influence of group size can differ for individual travel versus group travel, just as it differs among species for overall travel. Studies that distinguish between the two mechanisms of scramble competition may enhance our understanding of ecological constraints upon group size, including potential differences between frugivores and folivores.Significance statementFeeding competition provides insight into how group size can influence the foraging patterns of social animals, but two key mechanisms are not typically compared. Firstly, larger groups may visit more patches to access the same amount of food per capita (group travel). Secondly, their individuals may also need to move past more spots where another member has already eaten (individual travel). Contrary to expectations, we found that group travel decreased with size for most groups of mountain gorillas, which may reflect extra travel by smaller groups to avoid larger groups. Individual travel increased with size in most groups, even though gorillas in larger groups compensated by spreading out over a broader area. The two mechanisms revealed patterns that were not apparent in our previous study of overall travel. Our approach may help to explain potential differences between folivores and frugivores.
Cerebral blood flow velocity during simultaneous changes in mean arterial pressure and cardiac output in healthy volunteers
Authors: Lie Sole Lindvåg , Hisdal Jonny , Høiseth Lars Øivind 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeCerebral blood flow (CBF) needs to be precisely controlled to maintain brain functions. While previously believed to be autoregulated and near constant over a wide blood pressure range, CBF is now understood as more pressure passive. However, there are still questions regarding the integrated nature of CBF regulation and more specifically the role of cardiac output. Our aim was, therefore, to explore the effects of MAP and cardiac output on CBF in a combined model of reduced preload and increased afterload.Method16 healthy volunteers were exposed to combinations of different levels of simultaneous lower body negative pressure and isometric hand grip. We measured blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCAV) and internal carotid artery (ICAV) by Doppler ultrasound, and cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2) by near-infrared spectroscopy, as surrogates for CBF. The effect of changes in MAP and cardiac output on CBF was estimated with mixed multiple regression.ResultBoth MAP and cardiac output had independent effects on MCAV, ICAV and ScO2. For ICAV and ScO2there was also a statistically significant interaction effect between MAP and cardiac output. The estimated effect of a change of 10 mmHg in MAP on MCAV was 3.11 cm/s (95% CI 2.51–3.71,P < 0.001), and the effect of a change of 1 L/min in cardiac output was 3.41 cm/s (95% CI 2.82–4.00,P < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study indicates that during reductions in cardiac output, both MAP and cardiac output have independent effects on CBF.
Complex hyperkähler structures defined by Donaldson–Thomas invariants
Authors: Bridgeland Tom , Strachan Ian A. B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe notion of a Joyce structure was introduced in Bridgeland (Geometry from Donaldson–Thomas invariants, preprint arXiv:1912.06504) to describe the geometric structure on the space of stability conditions of a $$\hbox {CY}_3$$

CY
3

category naturally encoded by the Donaldson-Thomas invariants. In this paper we show that a Joyce structure on a complex manifold defines a complex hyperkähler structure on the total space of its tangent bundle, and give a characterisation of the resulting hyperkähler metrics in geometric terms.