bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of the cooperation in financing the automobile industry's supply chain: the case of reverse factoring
Authors: Lampón Jesús F. , Pérez-Elizundia Guillermo , Delgado‐Guzmán José Alfredo 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study examines the motives and enabling factors regarding reverse factoring (RF) adoption in the automobile industry's supply chain.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative case study based on in-depth interviews with financial institutions in two countries having different statuses within the automobile industry global value chain: Mexico as a peripheral and Spain as a semi-peripheral country.FindingsThe RF is more widely deployed in Spain than in Mexico. The differences in the adoption of RF between the two countries stem from the availability of programs for suppliers at different supply levels, their efficient implementation and a robust regulatory framework, but especially from the cooperative approach adopted. The motives and enablers of RF adoption in the automobile industry can be explained under a framework of different supply chain management models. The RF programs driven by self-interest financial motives are characterized by an asymmetric distribution of benefits among supply chain participants. The RF programs that combine self-interest with cooperative motives are partially characterized by balanced benefits. In addition, they favor involvement practices and strengthen long-term relationships among supply chain participants. In this cooperative approach, trust, transparency and especially sharing information are considered relevant enablers. Finally, the specific automobile industry's features that determine RF adoption are linked to the structure and governance mode of the supply chain. The structure in terms of length – multiple supply levels – conditions the design of RF programs based on the buyer's position in the supply chain. The governance mode, particularly how the relationships are established, conditions the factors and requisites for efficient adoption of the RF programs.Originality/valueThis research analyzes the RF framed in the dynamics of buyer–supplier relationships and different models of supply chain management, allowing us to identify cooperation motives and their impact on RF adoption, beyond the traditional economic and financial motives highlighted by previous literature.
Genetic tracking of density‐dependent adult recruitment: A case study in a subtropical oak
Authors: Tong Xin , Nason John D. , Ding Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Xiao‐Yong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Density‐dependent recruitment is fundamental to understanding species diversity and community dynamics in plants. Although there is compelling evidence that seeds and seedlings die from conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) as predicted by the Janzen–Connell hypothesis, characterising adult recruitment remains a challenge for long‐living trees. Previous studies have used the decrease in fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) across life stages to indicate CNDD; however, this has not been tested rigorously.

We addressed these challenges by integrating dispersal kernels and FSGS. To establish links between density dependence and FSGS, we simulated seedlings based on the estimated dispersal kernels from parentage analyses, and further simulated adults under various seedling‐to‐adult recruitment scenarios, using an individual‐based spatially explicit model. We tested this method in an isolated Cyclobalanopsis glauca population on China's Dajinshan Island.

We detected significant FSGS in the seedlings and weaker, though also significant, FSGS in the adults. As expected, the observed FSGS of seedlings was well predicted by the simulated seedlings, with observations falling inside the 95% confidence envelopes over all distance classes. However, the simulations showed that CNDD enhanced the FSGS while positive density dependence dampened it during the seedling‐to‐adult transition. The adult FSGS of our population was therefore explained by positive rather than negative density‐dependent adult recruitment.

Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that the change of FSGS in conjunction with dispersal‐based model tests can offer a valuable insight into density‐dependent adult recruitment. The results indicate that the transitions from seedlings to adults in C. glauca are dominantly regulated not by Janzen–Connell effects, but by processes of positive density dependence. More broadly, the findings may provide a caution against extrapolations of widespread Janzen–Connell effects in seeds and seedlings to adult recruits, underscoring a critical gap between mechanisms at early stages and long‐term population and community dynamics.
Low airborne tenacity and spread of ESBL‐/AmpC‐producing Escherichia coli from fertilized soil by wind erosion
Authors: Siller Paul , Daehre Katrin , Rosen Kerstin , Münch Steffen , Bartel Alexander , Funk Roger , Nübel Ulrich , Amon Thomas , Roesler Uwe 
Published: March 2021

SummaryESBL‐/AmpC‐producing Escherichia coli from organic fertilizers were previously detected on soil surfaces of arable land and might be emitted by wind erosion. To investigate this potential environmental transmission path, we exposed ESBL‐/AmpC‐positive chicken litter, incorporated in agricultural soils, to different wind velocities in a wind tunnel and took air samples for microbiological analysis. No data exist concerning the airborne tenacity of ESBL‐/AmpC‐producing E. coli. Therefore, we explored the tenacity of two ESBL/AmpC E. coli strains and E. coli K12 in aerosol chamber experiments at different environmental conditions. In the wind tunnel, ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli were detected in none of the air samples (n = 66). Non‐resistant E. coli were qualitatively detected in 40.7% of air samples taken at wind velocities exceeding 7.3 m s−1. Significantly increased emission of total viable bacteria with increasing wind velocity was observed. In the aerosol chamber trials, recovery rates of airborne E. coli ranged from 0.003% to 2.8%, indicating a low airborne tenacity. Concluding, an emission of ESBL/AmpC E. coli by wind erosion in relevant concentrations appears unlikely because of the low concentration in chicken litter compared with non‐resistant E. coli and their low airborne tenacity, proven in the aerosol chamber trials.
The preoperative radiological findings associated with failure of frontal sinusotomy: A prospective study
Authors: Khafagy Yasser , Ghonim Mohamed , Elgendy Ahmed , Elzayat Saad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the association between the preoperative CT findings and the patency outcome of the frontal sinus after endoscopic frontal sinusotomy in the early follow‐up period.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingTertiary hospital centre.Main outcome measuresThe study measures the association between the frontal sinusotomy outcome and the standard preoperative radiological scores, including Harvard, Kennedy and Lund‐Mackay. It also measures the impact of the degree of sinus mucosal thickness on the outcome. Furthermore, it measures the effect of the anteroposterior lengths of both the frontal sinus ostium and the frontal recess on postoperative frontal sinus patency.ResultsHarvard, Kennedy and modified Lund‐Mackay scores showed no evidence of association with the frontal sinusotomy patency outcome (P‐values .397, .487 and .501), respectively. Still, the Lund‐Mackay score showed a negative correlation with symptom improvement. Sinuses with a high‐grade mucosal thickness on CT scan were associated with high failure rates (P‐value: .009*). The anteroposterior length of the frontal sinus ostium significantly affects the outcome (P‐value: .001*). In contrast, there was no association between the anteroposterior length of the frontal recess and the outcome (P‐value: .965).ConclusionThe Harvard, Kennedy and Lund‐Mackay scores could not predict the frontal sinusotomy patency outcome. Failed cases were associated with advanced degrees of mucosal pathology in the preoperative CT scan. Sinuses ostia with anteroposterior diameters less than 5.36 mm showed more susceptibility for sinus restenosis postoperatively. The variability of the anteroposterior length of the frontal recess did not affect the surgical outcome.
Static localization for underwater acoustics sensor networks using Nelder–Mead algorithm for smart cities
Authors: Kulandaivel Madhumitha , Natarajan Arulanand , Chandrasekaran Bharathi Priya , Selvaraj Anandamurugan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLocalization is considered as an important research concept for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). It performs significant role in diverse routing methods, estimating the node position and node recovery. In UASNs, localization methods have different characteristics compared with the terrestrial networks. The challenges involved in UASNs are varying water temperature and pressure, time synchronization of beacon nodes, complicated ocean currents, and positioning of nodes. To overcome these challenges, a virtual node is deployed using the Nelder–Mead algorithm with the static localization method. In this study, two types of localization methods namely static and dynamic methods are considered and a virtual node is deployed in a static localization manner. Since anchor nodes cannot communicate to the entire network for localization additionally, virtual nodes are deployed to measure the received signal strength indicator and error ratio for effective transmission. In addition “GPS node” is equipped with a ship for easy deployment without communication overhead. The simulation result justifies that static localization for an autonomous underwater sensor networks perform with better coverage rate without time synchronization and acoustic transmission overhead.
Quality of meta‐analyses in freshwater ecology: A systematic review
Authors: Lodi Sara , Godoy Bruno S. , Ortega Jean C. G. , Bini Luis M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Given the increasing use of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses in ecology, their protocols should be closely followed to ensure quality. Several checklists are available to guide researchers towards a high‐quality meta‐analytic study. Freshwater ecology studies have a tradition of using experimental studies, which provide the ideal data to test hypotheses using meta‐analysis.

Here, we evaluated the quality of 114 meta‐analyses in freshwater ecology and 86 meta‐analyses in ecology and evolution for comparative purposes.

We found that many studies are still using the term meta‐analysis incorrectly and that this error persisted over time. The quality of the studies that did conduct a formal meta‐analysis has improved. Thus, we speculate that available guidelines are being effective in improving the quality of meta‐analytic studies. Quality was not associated with the impact factor of the journal where the meta‐analyses were published or with the average number of citations.

In addition to the incorrect use of the term, we found that many studies failed to: report heterogeneity statistics, evaluate temporal changes in effect size, conduct publication bias analyses, address the collinearity among moderators, and provide the data. In general, meta‐analyses in ecology and evolution have only a slightly better average score than meta‐analyses in freshwater ecology.

Although the quality of meta‐analyses in freshwater ecology has improved over time, there is much room for improvement. Authors should not label their studies as meta‐analyses if these methods were not used. Compliance with checklists should be widely fostered as meta‐analyses are increasingly being used to summarise findings in different areas of ecology. Authors, reviewers, and editors should use checklists to improve the quality of meta‐analyses in freshwater ecology.
Integrating end‐user preferences into breeding programmes for roots, tubers and bananas
Authors: Dufour Dominique , Hershey Clair , Hamaker Bruce R. , Lorenzen Jim 
Published: March 2021

Summary“Consumers have their say: assessing preferred quality traits of roots, tubers and cooking bananas, and implications for breeding” special issue, brings together new knowledge about quality traits required for roots, tubers and bananas (RTB) varieties to successfully meet diverse user preferences and expectations, along the variety development and RTB value chains (production, processing, marketing, food preparation, consumption). Key RTB crops in sub‐Saharan Africa are cassava, yams, sweetpotatoes, potatoes and bananas/plantains. They are mainly consumed directly as boiled pieces or pounded in the form of smooth, not sticky, and stretchable dough. They are also stewed, steamed or fried. Cassava, the most widely grown RTB, is generally boiled, stewed or steamed in Eastern and Southern Africa, and in West and Central Africa is usually processed directly into derivative products, e.g. whole root fermentation through retting or heap fermentation; fermentation/dewatering of the mash. Biophysical and social knowledge presented in this issue help elaborate goals for both the processing unit operations (food scientist control) and variety traits (breeder control).
The network of US airports and its effects on employment
Authors: Sheard Nicholas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper estimates the effects of airport infrastructure on employment and the distribution of the labor force in US metropolitan areas. The analysis is based on models for the air network and for its effects on employment, which are estimated using US data. Air traffic is found to have a positive effect on the population of the local area, with an elasticity of 0.010, so airport improvements induce a reallocation of workers between regions. Air traffic is also found to have a positive effect on employment in the local area with an elasticity of 0.036 and a weakly positive effect on the employment rate in other places within 400 miles. Simulations suggest that for each job created in the local area by an airport expansion, two and a half jobs are created elsewhere in the United States due to the changes in the air network and the distribution of employment. Expanding the average airport adds one job in the United States for roughly each $78,000 invested. The results further suggest that the US air network is less centralized than would be optimal.
WeChat‐assisted pre‐operative health education improves the quality of life of parents of children with ventricular septal defects: A prospective randomised controlled study
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Liang , Xu Ning , Huang Shu‐Ting , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang 
Published: March 2021

AimThis study aimed to explore the effect of implementing pre‐operative WeChat‐assisted health education for parents of children with restrictive ventricular septal defects to improve their quality of life.MethodsA prospective randomised controlled study was conducted in a provincial hospital in China. Participants were randomly divided into the intervention group (WeChat group,n = 35) and the control group (leaflet group,n = 35). The quality of life of parents of children with restricted ventricular septal defects was studied.ResultsCompared with the leaflet group, the WeChat group had a significantly lower score for the pre‐operative Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (P < 0.05). The pre‐operative SAS score in the WeChat group was significantly lower than that at the first visit (P < 0.05). However, the SAS score in the leaflet group was similar at the time of preoperation and the first visit (P > 0.05). The pre‐operative scores of the World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF (WHOQOL‐BREF) scale in the physiological, psychological, social, and environmental fields and the total life quality score in the WeChat group were significantly higher than those of the leaflet group (P < 0.05).ConclusionImplementing pre‐operative WeChat‐assisted health education for parents of children with restrictive ventricular septal defects can effectively relieve their anxiety and improve their quality of life.
Relationship between a plant‐based ‘vegan’ pet food and clinical manifestation of multiple nutrient deficiencies in two cats
Authors: Fantinati Marco , Dufayet Romane , Rouch‐Buck Petra , Priymenko Nathalie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA topical subject in human nutrition is the steadily growing number of people choosing to limit or completely avoid all animal‐derived food products either for moral dilemma, health concerns or both. To meet people's will of applying their dietary choices to their domestic animals, the pet food industry answered by launching on the market some plant‐based diets. This leads to concerns about whether these diets are adequately formulated to satisfy the target species nutritional requirements, especially for cats which are still considered strict carnivores. This case report follows a 2‐year‐old male neutered Main Coon and a 1‐year‐old female spayed Domestic Shorthair cat, presented to the nutrition service of the University of Toulouse, France. Reason for consultation was lethargy with in anamnesis a recent dietary transition to a plant‐based pet food. Dysorexia, lethargy and muscle waste were present at first consultation. Progressive weight loss developed during follow‐ups. A macrocytic, non‐regenerative anaemia with serum folates below reference were the main clinical features. Analysis of pet food showed multiple nutrients below minimum recommendation at the average daily intake of both cats. Folic acid supplementation improved dysorexia, and subsequent reintroduction of animal‐derived ingredients in the diet restored appetite, weight and a normal mentation in both cases.
Equiareal Pattern of Stress Trajectories in Plane Plastic Strain
Authors: Sadowsky Michael A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In theoretical plasticity, all work so far done has made use of slip lines as a frame of reference. In the present paper, stress trajectories are used instead, and results of theoretical interest and practical applicability are obtained. The equiareal property of stress trajectories as derived in the present paper can be readily used to evaluate photographs of slip lines in plasticity with a higher degree of accuracy and reliability than hitherto. The analytical method can be applied to the equiareal pattern formed by stress trajectories and formulas for stresses are obtained. An example referring to radial flow adequately illustrates the general equiareal property.
Two Problems of Thermal Stress in the Infinite Solid
Authors: Myklestad N. O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The equations for thermal stress were first developed about 100 years ago by Duhamel (1), who treated the cases of a sphere and a circular cylinder with radial variation of temperature only. As the problem of the cylinder can be considered one of plane strain, it appears that the problem of the sphere (2) is the only three-dimensional one for which a complete solution is available. Borchardt (3) has treated the thermal-stress problem of the sphere for a non-symmetrical distribution of temperature. Recent developments of the theory (4) have made it possible to complete further solutions. In this paper results are obtained for an infinite solid in which a small internal region, in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution, or a long narrow region, in the form of a semi-infinite circular cylinder, is hotter than the surrounding material. In a finite solid the cylinder may alternately be considered as a blind hole filled with an oversize plug, or a similar shrink fit. The problem of the ellipsoid has some bearing upon the question of the effects of slag inclusion in metals. A discussion by B. P. Haigh (5) deals with the spherical inclusion, whereas, the results of this paper give some indication of the effect of shape variations. The shape of the ellipsoid varies from a flat pancake shape to a thin needle shape, and it is seen that both the pancake-shaped and the needle-shaped inclusions give rise to a higher stress than does the spherical one, for the same temperature variation.
A Numerical Procedure for the Calculation of the Moments in Edge Reinforcements of Cutouts in Monocoques
Authors: Hoff N. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A numerical procedure is developed for calculating the moments in a space-curved ring reinforcing the edge of a cutout in a monocoque structure. The procedure is presented by means of a numerical example of a ring reinforcing a doubly symmetrical cutout in a fuselage which is under the action of bending moments. Limitations and extensions of the procedure are discussed. The Appendix contains tables showing the arrangement of numerical calculations.
Oscillations in Closed Surge Tanks
Authors: Binnie A. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The existing methods of predicting the oscillations in a closed surge tank are very lengthy unless drastic simplifications are made. In this paper a new and quick procedure is explained for calculating the maximum pressure and expansion of the air, which result from a sudden shutdown of the plant. Friction is taken into account, both in the pipe and also in any arrangement placed between the pipe and the tank to damp the oscillations, but the compression and expansion of the air must be assumed isothermal. Small-scale experiments confirmed the expectation that the observed maximum pressures would be greater than the theoretical. The shutdown of a big plant is, however, not instantaneous, and the theory may be expected to yield results sufficiently accurate for the purpose in view.
Discrete-Direct Model Calibration and Uncertainty Propagation Method Confirmed on Multi-Parameter Plasticity Model Calibrated to Sparse Random Field Data
Authors: Romero Vicente J. , Winokur Justin G. , Orient George E. , Dempsey James F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A discrete direct (DD) model calibration and uncertainty propagation approach is explained and demonstrated on a 4-parameter Johnson-Cook (J-C) strain-rate dependent material strength model for an aluminum alloy. The methodology's performance is characterized in many trials involving four random realizations of strain-rate dependent material-test data curves per trial, drawn from a large synthetic population. The J-C model is calibrated to particular combinations of the data curves to obtain calibration parameter sets which are then propagated to “Can Crush” structural model predictions to produce samples of predicted response variability. These are processed with appropriate sparse-sample uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods to estimate various statistics of response with an appropriate level of conservatism. This is tested on 16 output quantities (von Mises stresses and equivalent plastic strains) and it is shown that important statistics of the true variabilities of the 16 quantities are bounded with a high success rate that is reasonably predictable and controllable. The DD approach has several advantages over other calibration-UQ approaches like Bayesian inference for capturing and utilizing the information obtained from typically small numbers of replicate experiments in model calibration situations—especially when sparse replicate functional data are involved like force–displacement curves from material tests. The DD methodology is straightforward and efficient for calibration and propagation problems involving aleatory and epistemic uncertainties in calibration experiments, models, and procedures.