bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Clean Nickel Catalyzed α‐Allylation Reaction of Nitriles
Authors: Mouhsine Bouchaib , Karim Abdallah , Dumont Clément , Suisse Isabelle , Sauthier Mathieu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA clean method has been developed for the α‐allylation of phenyl and alpha alkyl phenyl acetonitrile with allylic alcohols. The reaction is catalyzed by nickel complexes in situ generated from a combination of Ni(cod)2 and the dppf ligand and performed at 80 °C in methanol as reaction solvent.	Accordingly to this simple and base‐free protocol that only yields water as a side‐product, many allylic nitriles were synthetized with good yields.magnified image
Practical Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylated Pyridines Based on Regioselective Cobalt‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition using Trifluoromethylated Diynes with Nitriles
Authors: Kumon Tatsuya , Yamada Shigeyuki , Agou Tomohiro , Fukumoto Hiroki , Kubota Toshio , Hammond Gerald B. , Konno Tsutomu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRegioselective cobalt‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition using fluorine‐containing diynes with nitriles was described. Cycloaddition of fluorinated diynes with nitriles under the influence of CoCl2(phen), zinc bromide, and zinc dust in dichloroethane at 80 °C for 3 h took place smoothly, exclusively affording the corresponding α‐fluoroalkylated pyridines in excellent yields. In addition, dinitriles as substrate were also found to be suitable for this reaction, giving the corresponding fluoroalkylated bipyridine derivatives in excellent yields.magnified image
Synthesis of Oxazolidinones by a Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Cyclization of N‐Allylcarbamates
Authors: Das Mirdyul , Rodríguez Arantxa , Lo Pui Kin Tony , Moran Wesley J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe preparation of oxazolidinones by the hypervalent iodine mediated cyclization of allylcarbamates is described. A versatile range of substrates can be converted into substituted oxazolidinones primed for further transformations. Derivatization of the products at both ends is demonstrated. A preliminary attempt at the enantioselective formation of an oxazolidinone using a chiral iodane is also presented.magnified image
Progress and Perspective: MXene and MXene‐Based Nanomaterials for High‐Performance Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Xu Xiaodan , Zhang Yelong , Sun Hongyang , Zhou Jianwen , Yang Fan , Li Hao , Chen Hao , Chen Yucheng , Liu Zheng , Qiu Zhenping , Wang Da , Ma Lipo , Wang Jiawei , Zeng Qingguang , Peng Zhangquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMXene, an emerging family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitride (MXene) materials, has attracted growing attention since its initial discovery in 2011. Owing to their extraordinary electrical conductivity, high mechanical stability, various functional groups, and large interlayer space, MXene and MXene‐based nanomaterials have shown significant energy‐storage capability. Firstly, research progress on the preparation strategies and properties of MXene are summarized. Secondly, the current state‐of‐the‐art advances of MXene and MXene‐based nanomaterials as advanced electrodes for energy storage devices, including lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries, and supercapacitors are reviewed. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives for further enhancing their electrochemical performances are also outlined. This Progress Report offers a reference and scientific inspiration for the design and preparation of high‐performance MXene and MXene‐based nanomaterials to meet the increasing need for next‐generation energy‐storage systems.
Recent Advances in Deformable Circuit Components with Liquid Metal
Authors: Bury Elizabeth , Chun Seth , Koh Amanda S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeformable electronics, specifically those incorporating liquid metal, allow for previously inaccessible mechanical behavior and exciting new technologies. This is demonstrated by recent, promising advances in the fabrication, characterization, device performance, and applications of liquid metal electronics. Through the use of liquid metals and soft, stretchable materials, it is shown that devices that provide stretchability and improved safety and comfort between humans and machines can achieve comparable or better electrical performance than conventional alternatives. Many of the latest major advances in liquid metal electronics focus on fundamental, deformable, passive circuit components and materials including capacitors, inductors, resistors, electrodes, wires, and composite materials, such as advances in biomimicry and deformation‐based sensing using both capacitors and inductors. Liquid metal passive components and materials have led to further progress in deformable secondary devices and applications such as antennas, actuators, power sources, and thermal management devices, including mechanical tuning for antennas, self‐sensing actuators, and power sources operational under stress. While deformable liquid metal electronics are still faced with challenges, the continued expansion of the field of liquid metal circuits is dramatically altering the research landscape of reconfigurable, self‐healable, and magnetically controllable electronics and revolutionalizing the way that electronics will be used in the future.
Passive acoustic identification of bubble flow regime based on synchrosqueezing wavelet transform and deep learning
Authors: Zhang Ling , Xing Yun , Wu Dazhuan , Chu Ning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA passive acoustic method based on synchrosqueezing wavelet transform (SWT) and deep learning was proposed to automatically identify bubble flow regimes in process industries. The method was established on the bijection relationship between bubble flow regime and the time‐frequency (TF) textures of its passive acoustic emission (PAE) signals. Specifically, the PAE signal of the bubble flow was first acquired by hydrophones, then converted into TF representations (TFRs) by SWT and finally used to train convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify bubble flow regimes automatically. The effects of TF analysis method and CNN architecture were studied: the SWT represented TF textures of PAE signals the best, and its combination with ResNet gave the highest identification accuracy of 99.67%. As its main contribution, the method validated the feasibility of PAE and CNN in bubble flow regime identification, and achieved automatic identification of bubble flow regime with high accuracy and barely no subjective interference.
An efficient algorithm for community detection in complex weighted networks
Authors: Samandari Masooleh Leila , Arbogast Jeffrey E. , Seider Warren D. , Oktem Ulku , Soroush Masoud 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCommunity detection decomposes large‐scale, complex networks “optimally” into sets of smaller sub‐networks. It finds sub‐networks that have the least inter‐connections and the most intra‐connections. This article presents an efficient community detection algorithm that detects community structures in a weighted network by solving a multi‐objective optimization problem. The whale optimization algorithm is extended to enable it to handle multi‐objective optimization problems with discrete variables and to solve the problems on parallel processors. To this end, the population's positions are discretized using a transfer function that maps real variables to discrete variables, the initialization steps for the algorithm are modified to prevent generating unrealistic connections between variables, and the updating step of the algorithm is redefined to produce integer numbers. To identify the community configurations that are Pareto optimal, the non‐dominated sorting concept is adopted. The proposed algorithm is tested on the Tennessee Eastman process and several benchmark community‐detection problems.
Coccidioidomycosis outbreak among inmate wildland firefighters: California, 2017
Authors: Laws Rebecca L. , Jain Seema , Cooksey Gail Sondermeyer , Mohle‐Boetani Janet , McNary Jennifer , Wilken Jason , Harrison Robert , Leistikow Bruce , Vugia Duc J. , Windham Gayle C. , Materna Barbara L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn California, state prison inmates are employed to fight wildfires, which involves performing soil‐disrupting work. Wildfires have become more common, including areas where Coccidioides, the soil‐dwelling fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, proliferates. However, work practices that place wildland firefighters at risk for coccidioidomycosis have not been investigated.MethodsOn August 17, 2017, the California Department of Public Health was notified of a cluster of coccidioidomycosis cases among Wildfire A inmate wildland firefighters. We collected data through medical record abstraction from suspected case‐patients and mailed a survey assessing potential job task risk factors to Wildfire A inmate firefighters. We described respondent characteristics and conducted a retrospective case–control investigation to assess coccidioidomycosis risk factors.ResultsAmong 198 inmate firefighters who worked on Wildfire A, 112 (57%) completed the survey. Of 10 case‐patients (four clinical and six laboratory‐confirmed), two were hospitalized. In the case–control analysis of 71 inmate firefighters, frequently cutting fire lines with a McLeod tool (odds ratio [OR]: 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–37.2) and being in a dust cloud or storm (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.1–17.4) were associated with illness. Two of 112 inmate firefighters reported receiving coccidioidomycosis training; none reported wearing respiratory protection on this wildfire.ConclusionsWildland firefighters who use hand tools and work in dusty conditions where Coccidioides proliferates are at risk for coccidioidomycosis. Agencies that employ them should provide training about coccidioidomycosis and risk reduction, limit dust exposure, and implement respiratory protection programs that specify where respirator use is feasible and appropriate.
Circulating free DNA in the plasma of individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Kallionpää Roope A. , Ahramo Kaisa , Aaltonen Marianna , Pennanen Paula , Peltonen Juha , Peltonen Sirkku 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome whose characteristic manifestations include benign neurofibromas, yet NF1 is also associated with a high risk of cancer. Measurements of circulating free plasma DNA (cfDNA) are gaining wider applicability in cancer diagnostics, targeting of therapy, and monitoring of therapeutic response. Individuals with NF1 are likely to be followed up using this method, but the effects of NF1 and neurofibromas on cfDNA levels are not known. We studied peripheral blood samples from 19 adults with NF1 and 12 healthy controls. The cfDNA was isolated from plasma with QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit and quantified using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer. The cfDNA concentration of each sample was normalized relative to the plasma protein concentration. The normalized median concentration of cfDNA in plasma was 19.3 ng/ml (range 6.6–78.6) among individuals with NF1 and 15.9 ng/ml (range 4.8–47.0) among controls (p = .369). Individuals with NF1 who also had plexiform neurofibroma (pNF) showed non‐significantly elevated cfDNA concentration compared to individuals with NF1 and without known pNF (median 25.4 vs. 18.8 ng/ml, p = .122). The effect of NF1 on cfDNA seems to be relatively small and NF1 is therefore unlikely to hamper the use of cfDNA‐based assays.
Increased performance in juvenile baboons is consistent with ontogenetic changes in morphology
Authors: Boulinguez‐Ambroise Grégoire , Herrel Anthony , Berillon Gilles , Young Jesse W. , Cornette Raphaël , Meguerditchian Adrien , Cazeau Cyrille , Bellaiche Laurence , Pouydebat Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn many primates, the greater proportion of climbing and suspensory behaviors in the juvenile repertoire likely necessitates good grasping capacities. Here, we tested whether very young individuals show near‐maximal levels of grasping strength, and whether such an early onset of grasping performance could be explained by ontogenetic variability in the morphology of the limbs in baboons.Material and methodsWe quantified a performance trait, hand pull strength, at the juvenile and adult stages in a cross‐sectional sample of 15 olive baboons (Papio anubis). We also quantified bone dimensions (i.e., lengths, widths, and heights) of the fore‐ (n = 25) and hind limb (n = 21) elements based on osteological collections covering the whole development of olive baboons.ResultsOne‐year old individuals demonstrated very high pull strengths (i.e., 200% of the adult performance, relative to body mass), that are consistent with relatively wider phalanges and digit joints in juveniles. The mature proportions and shape of the forelimb elements appeared only at full adulthood (i.e., ≥4.5 years), whereas the mature hind limb proportions and shape were observed much earlier during development.DiscussionThese changes in limb performance and morphology across ontogeny may be explained with regard to behavioral transitions that olive baboons experience during their development. Our findings highlight the effect of infant clinging to mother, an often‐neglected feature when discussing the origins of grasping in primates. The differences in growth patterns, we found between the forelimb and the hind limb further illustrate their different functional roles, having likely evolved under different ecological pressures (manipulation and locomotion, respectively).
Iron Oxidation in Escherichia coli Bacterioferritin Ferroxidase Centre, a Site Designed to React Rapidly with H2O2 but Slowly with O2
Authors: Pullin Jacob , Wilson Michael T. , Clémancey Martin , Blondin Geneviève , Bradley Justin M. , Moore Geoffrey R. , Le Brun Nick E. , Lučić Marina , Worrall Jonathan A. R. , Svistunenko Dimitri A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBoth O2 and H2O2 can oxidize iron at the ferroxidase center (FC) of Escherichia coli bacterioferritin (EcBfr) but mechanistic details of the two reactions need clarification. UV/Vis, EPR, and Mössbauer spectroscopies have been used to follow the reactions when apo‐EcBfr, pre‐loaded anaerobically with Fe2+, was exposed to O2 or H2O2. We show that O2 binds di‐Fe2+ FC reversibly, two Fe2+ ions are oxidized in concert and a H2O2 molecule is formed and released to the solution. This peroxide molecule further oxidizes another di‐Fe2+ FC, at a rate circa 1000 faster than O2, ensuring an overall 1:4 stoichiometry of iron oxidation by O2. Initially formed Fe3+ can further react with H2O2 (producing protein bound radicals) but relaxes within seconds to an H2O2‐unreactive di‐Fe3+ form. The data obtained suggest that the primary role of EcBfr in vivo may be to detoxify H2O2 rather than sequester iron.
One Polyketide Synthase, Two Distinct Products: Trans‐Acting Enzyme‐Controlled Product Divergence in Calbistrin Biosynthesis
Authors: Tao Hui , Mori Takahiro , Wei Xingxing , Matsuda Yudai , Abe Ikuro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCalbistrins are fungal polyketides consisting of the characteristic decalin and polyene moieties. Although the biosynthetic gene cluster of calbistrin A was recently identified, the pathway of calbistrin A biosynthesis has largely remained uninvestigated. Herein, we investigated the mechanism by which the backbone structures of calbistrins are formed, by heterologous and in vitro reconstitution of the biosynthesis and a structural biological study. Intriguingly, our analyses revealed that the decalin and polyene portions of calbistrins are synthesized by the single polyketide synthase (PKS) CalA, with the aid of the trans‐acting enoylreductase CalK and the trans‐acting C‐methyltransferase CalH, respectively. We also determined that the esterification of the two polyketide parts is catalyzed by the acyltransferase CalD. Our study has uncovered a novel dual‐functional PKS and thus broadened our understanding of how fungi synthesize diverse polyketide natural products.
Phonetic Inflexibility in Autistic Adults
Authors: Kissine Mikhail , Geelhand Philippine , Philippart De Foy Marie , Harmegnies Bernard , Deliens Gaétane 
Published: January 2021

This study examined whether the atypical speech style that is frequently reported in autistic adults is underpinned by an inflexible production of phonetic targets. In a first task, 20 male autistic adults and 20 neuro‐typicals had to read and produce native vowels. To assess the extent to which phonetic inflexibility is due to an overall fine‐grained control of phonetic behavior or to a lack of flexibility in the realization of one's phonological repertoire, the second task asked participants to reproduce artificial vowel‐like sounds. Results confirmed the presence of a greater articulatory stability in the production of native vowels in autistic adults. When instructed to imitate artificial vowel‐like sounds, the autistic group did not better approximate the targets' acoustic properties relative to neuro‐typicals but their performance at reproducing artificial vowels was less variable and influenced to a greater extent by the articulatory properties of their own vocalic space. These findings suggest that the greater articulatory stability observed in autistic adults arises from a lack of flexibility in the production of their own native vowels. The two phonetic tasks are devoid of any pragmatic constraint, which indicates that phonetic inflexibility in autism is partly independent of register selection.Lay SummaryAutistic and neuro‐typical adults took part in two tasks: one in which they produced vowels from French, their native tongue, and the other where they imitated unfamiliar vowels. Autistic adults displayed significantly less variation in their production of different French vowels. In imitating unfamiliar vowels, they were more influenced by the way they pronounce French vowels. These results suggest that the atypical speech style, frequently attested in autistic individuals, could stem from an unusually stable pronunciation of speech sounds.
Dämpfungskennwerte des Schotteroberbaus auf Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Stollwitzer Andreas , Fink Josef 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDer Einfluss des Schotteroberbaus auf das dynamische Verhalten von Eisenbahnbrücken ist nach wie vor noch mit Unklarheiten behaftet und ein wesentlicher Grund für die in der ingenieurpraktischen Brückendynamik fortwährend thematisierte Diskrepanz zwischen Messung und Rechnung. Hinsichtlich der Berücksichtigung seiner Steifigkeits‐ und insbesondere seiner Dämpfungseigenschaften in dynamischen Berechnungen steht zwar eine weite Bandbreite an Rechenmodellen zur Verfügung, die zugehörigen Kennwerte streuen jedoch enorm und verdeutlichen insofern die Notwendigkeit einer gezielten Erforschung des vom Brückentragwerk getrennten Schotteroberbaus. Eine an der TU Wien entwickelte Versuchsanlage, welche eine dynamische Analyse des isolierten Schotteroberbaus ermöglicht, dient als Grundlage für die Bestimmung von dynamischen Kennwerten. Mit dem Fokus auf Energiedissipation infolge vertikaler Relativbewegungen im Schotteroberbau werden aufbauend auf den Reibungsmechanismen im Schotter und unter Kombination von Theorie und Empirie Dämpfungskennwerte bestimmt. Die ermittelten Kennwerte zeigen eine klare Beschleunigungsabhängigkeit und repräsentieren einen Teilaspekt eines umfassenderen Rechenmodells.
Biodiesel production by lipase‐catalyzed reactions: bibliometric analysis and study of trends
Authors: Almeida Francisco L C , Travália Beatriz M , Gonçalves Igor S , Forte Marcus Bruno Soares 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBiodiesel has become increasingly important in recent years as a potential substitute for petroleum diesel. Different techniques and catalysts have been developed and widely investigated for biodiesel production via enzymatic biocatalysis. In this review, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine the global scenario and identify trends in lipase‐catalyzed biodiesel production in the past three decades. Challenges, advantages, disadvantages, and novel methods are also discussed. Publication frequency increased over the studied period, with China, Brazil, and India emerging as the most productive countries in terms of total number of publications and number of publications per journal. Papers from the field of bioenergy and bioprocesses received the highest number of citations. Keyword analysis revealed that immobilized lipase (magnetic nanoparticles and cross‐linked enzyme aggregates), different feedstocks, ionic liquids, ultrasonication, and metabolic engineering were relevant to lipase‐catalyzed biodiesel production. It is concluded that the research emphasis on biodiesel production is moving toward the use of non‐edible oils, ultrasound, and ionic liquids for achieving high‐enzyme activity and substrate conversion. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Arithmetic computation with probability words and numbers
Authors: Mandel David R. , Dhami Mandeep K. , Tran Serena , Irwin Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProbability information is regularly communicated to experts who must fuse multiple estimates to support decision making. Such information is often communicated verbally (e.g., “likely”) rather than with precise numeric (point) values (e.g., “.75”), yet people are not taught to perform arithmetic on verbal probabilities. We hypothesized that the accuracy and logical coherence of averaging and multiplying probabilities will be poorer when individuals receive probability information in verbal rather than numerical point format. In four experiments (N = 213, 201, 26, and 343, respectively), we manipulated probability communication format between subjects. Participants averaged and multiplied sets of four probabilities. Across experiments, arithmetic accuracy and coherence was significantly better with point than with verbal probabilities. These findings generalized between expert (intelligence analysts) and non‐expert samples and when controlling for calculator use. Experiment 4 revealed an important qualification: Whereas accuracy and coherence were better among participants presented with point probabilities than with verbal probabilities, imprecise numeric‐probability ranges (e.g., “.70 to .80”) afforded no computational advantage over verbal probabilities. Experiment 4 also revealed that the advantage of the point over the verbal format is partially mediated by strategy use. Participants presented with point estimates are more likely to use mental computation than guesswork, and mental computation was found to be associated with better accuracy. Our findings suggest that where computation is important, probability information should be communicated to end users with precise numeric probabilities.