bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substituent and Surfactant Effects on the Photochemical Reaction of Some Aryl Benzoates in Micellar Green Environment†
Authors: Siano Gastón , Crespi Stefano , Bonesi Sergio M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we carried out preparative and mechanistic studies on the photochemical reaction of a series of p‐substituted phenyl benzoates in confined and sustainable micellar environment. The aim of this work is mainly focused to show whether the nature of the surfactant (ionic or nonionic) leads to noticeable selectivity in the photoproduct formation and whether the electronic effects of the substituents affect the chemical yields and the rate of formation of the 5‐substituted‐2‐hydroxybenzophenone derivatives. Application of the Hammett linear free energy relationship (LFER) on the rate of formation of benzophenone derivatives, on the lower energy band of the UV‐visible absorption spectra of the aryl benzoates and 5‐substituted‐2‐hydroxybenzophenone derivatives allows a satisfactory quantification of the substituent effects. Furthermore, UV‐visible and 2D‐NMR (NOESY) spectroscopies have been employed to measure the binding constant Kb and the location of the aryl benzoates within the hydrophobic core of the micelle. Finally, TD‐DFT calculations have been carried out to estimate the energies of the absorption bands of p‐substituted phenyl benzoates and 5‐substituted‐2‐hydroxybenzophenone derivatives providing good linear correlation with those values measured experimentally.
Hydrogen sulfide: An emerging signaling molecule regulating drought stress response in plants
Authors: Thakur Meenakshi , Anand Anjali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a small, reactive signaling molecule that is produced within chloroplasts of plant cells as an intermediate in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway by the enzyme sulfite reductase. In addition, H2S is also produced in cytosol and mitochondria by desulfhydration of l‐cysteine catalyzed by l‐cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) in the cytosol and from β‐cyanoalanine in mitochondria, in a reaction catalyzed by β‐cyano‐Ala synthase C1 (CAS‐C1). H2S exerts its numerous biological functions by post‐translational modification involving oxidation of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). At lower concentrations (10–1000 μmol L−1), H2S shows huge agricultural potential as it increases the germination rate, the size, fresh weight, and ultimately the crop yield. It is also involved in abiotic stress response against drought, salinity, high temperature, and heavy metals. H2S donor, for example, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), has been exogenously applied on plants by various researchers to provide drought stress tolerance. Exogenous application results in the accumulation of polyamines, sugars, glycine betaine, and enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities in response to drought‐induced osmotic and oxidative stress, thus, providing stress adaptation to plants. At the biochemical level, administration of H2S donors reduces malondialdehyde content and lipoxygenase activity to maintain the cell integrity, causes abscisic acid‐mediated stomatal closure to prevent water loss through transpiration, and accelerates the photosystem II repair cycle. Here, we review the crosstalk of H2S with secondary messengers and phytohormones towards the regulation of drought stress response and emphasize various approaches that can be addressed to strengthen research in this area.
Donald Trump's Big Lie and the Future of the Republican Party
Authors: Jacobson Gary C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDonald Trump’s bid to nullify Joseph Biden’s victory in the 2020 presidential election was a grotesque assault on American democracy that ultimately provoked an invasion of the Capitol by a right‐wing mob trying to derail certification of Biden’s victory. Although most Americans were appalled by his actions, Trump retained the support of nearly three quarters of ordinary Republicans, most subscribing to this big lie of a stolen election. This poses dilemma for Republican leaders hoping to hold Trump’s base without narrowing their party’s appeal to the broader electorate. This article investigates the parameters of their dilemma by examining how the public in general and Republican voters in particular have responded to Trump’s attempt to steal the election from Biden and what these reactions imply for the party’s future.
Increasing Power for Observational Studies of Aberrant Response: An Adaptive Approach
Authors: Heng Siyu , Kang Hyunseung , Small Dylan S. , Fogarty Colin B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn many observational studies, the interest is in the effect of treatment on bad, aberrant outcomes rather than the average outcome. For such settings, the traditional approach is to define a dichotomous outcome indicating aberration from a continuous score and use the Mantel–Haenszel test with matched data. For example, studies of determinants of poor child growth use the World Health Organization’s definition of child stunting being height-for-age z-score ≤ − 2. The traditional approach may lose power because it discards potentially useful information about the severity of aberration. We develop an adaptive approach that makes use of this information and asymptotically dominates the traditional approach. We develop our approach in two parts. First, we develop an aberrant rank approach in matched observational studies and prove a novel design sensitivity formula enabling its asymptotic comparison with the Mantel–Haenszel test under various settings. Second, we develop a new, general adaptive approach, the two-stage programming method, and use it to adaptively combine the aberrant rank test and the Mantel–Haenszel test. We apply our approach to a study of the effect of teenage pregnancy on stunting.
Dispersive shock waves for the Boussinesq Benjamin–Ono equation
Authors: Nguyen Lu Trong Khiem , Smyth Noel Frederick 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, the dispersive shock wave (DSW) solution of a Boussinesq Benjamin–Ono (BBO) equation, the standard Boussinesq equation with dispersion replaced by nonlocal Benjamin–Ono dispersion, is derived. This DSW solution is derived using two methods, DSW fitting and from a simple wave solution of the Whitham modulation equations for the BBO equation. The first of these yields the two edges of the DSW, while the second yields the complete DSW solution. As the Whitham modulation equations could not be set in Riemann invariant form, the ordinary differential equations governing the simple wave are solved using a hybrid numerical method coupled to the dispersive shock fitting which provides a suitable boundary condition. The full DSW solution is then determined, which is found to be in excellent agreement with numerical solutions of the BBO equation. This hybrid method is a suitable and relatively simple method to fully determine the DSW solution of a nonlinear dispersive wave equation for which the (hyperbolic) Whitham modulation equations are known, but their Riemann invariant form is not.
The Removal of Confederate Monuments: Reflections on Power and Privilege in Shared Spaces
Authors: Evans Sara Z. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis article considers the sociological perspective on the construction and removal of confederate monuments. Generally, monuments are believed to reflect the desire to honor and remember, however, often the decisions and viewpoints underpinning the creation of monuments are often more nuanced and complicated than the face‐value interpretation.MethodThe focus is a discussion of the sociological perspective on the creation of monuments and the removal of Civil War monuments in the United States.ResultsVinitsky‐Seroussi argues that commemoration can be explained by three factors: the political culture, timing of the commemoration, and power of the agents of memory. These three factors are applied to the removal of commemorative monuments and explore the cultural significance of “who,” “what,” and “how” is being remembered.ConclusionSociologists have a unique opportunity to use their understanding of group dynamics and relationships to empirically study the divisiveness present today with the ultimate goal of breaking it down and encouraging this reconciliation.
Risk factors for infestation by Triatoma dimidiata in a rural locality of Veracruz, Mexico, with active transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi: weather and rain as factors
Authors: Guzmán‐Gómez Daniel , Salas‐González Gerardo , López‐Monteon Aracely , Welsh‐Rodríguez Carlos Manuel , Torres‐Montero Jesús , Dumonteil Eric , Waleckx Etienne , Ramos‐Ligonio Angel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the ecological and social factors involved in infestation of houses by Triatoma dimidiata in a rural locality of Veracruz, Mexico, where active transmission of the parasite is occurring.MethodsA survey was applied to the households of the locality to obtain sociodemographic data. In parallel, T. dimidiata insects were collected during one year through community participation. Using PCR, the insects were genotyped, their infection status was assessed, and parasite genotypes infecting the insects were identified. The vector’s blood meal sources were identified using a polymerase–heteroduplex chain reaction assay.ResultsSeasonal variations in the patterns of infestation by T. dimidiata were observed. An overall infestation rate of 19.46%, a colonisation index of 9.09%, a dispersion rate of 22.15% and a synanthropy index of 80.6% were found. The collected insects were identified as ITS‐2 group 2 insects, and a natural infection with T. cruzi of 54.35% was found. TcI and no‐TcI genotypes of T. cruzi were found in infected insects. Factors such as rain (P = 0.0006) and temperature (P < 0.0001) were associated with infestation. Analysis of the blood meal sources indicated frequent feeding upon humans and mice. Furthermore, house materials and peridomiciles were found to play an important role in the dynamics of infestation.ConclusionsThe contribution of this study is important for understanding the epidemiology of Chagas disease in rural areas of the state of Veracruz and will help to the establishment of an entomological surveillance system and implementation of prevention and control measures in accordance with the reality of the area.
Association of low birth weight and polyparasitic infection during pregnancy in Lambaréné, Gabon
Authors: Honkpéhèdji Yabo Josiane , Adegbite Bayode Romeo , Zinsou Jeannot Fréjus , Dejon‐Agobé Jean Claude , Edoa Jean‐Ronald , Zoleko Manego Rella , McCall Matthew , Mbong Ngwese Mirabeau , Lotola Mougeni Fabrice , Mombo‐Ngoma Ghyslain , Ramharter Michael , Kremsner Peter G. , Lell Bertrand , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Esen Meral , Adegnika Ayôla Akim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prevalence of polyparasitism during pregnancy in the Lambaréné region of Gabon and its association with newborn birth weight.MethodPregnant women in their third trimester were recruited in a prospective study between November 2011 and March 2015. Parasite infection status was assessed microscopically in stool, urine and blood samples. Maternal demographic and obstetrical characteristics and newborns anthropometric data were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between low birth weight and polyparasitism.Results678 of 927 pregnant women were included for analysis with mean age (SD) of 25 (6.8) years. The analysis showed that 69% (468/678) were infected with at least one parasite (Plasmodium spp., Schistosoma spp., soil‐transmitted helminths, filarial infections). This comprised of 38% with monoparasitism and 31% polyparasitism. The proportion of newborn babies with a weight below 2500 g (LBW) in our study was 21% (142/678). Compared to pregnant women without infection, women with monoparasitic infection had adjusted Odds Ratio confidence interval 95% CI (aOR [95%CI]) of 1.6 [0.95–2.73], those with two parasites had aOR 95%CI of 2.63 [1.51–4.62], and those with more than two parasites had aOR of 5.08 [2.5–10.38] for delivering a newborn with low birth weight.ConclusionIn Lambaréné, an endemic area for multiple parasite infections, there is a high prevalence of polyparasitism in pregnant women. Polyparasitism is associated with low birth weight. Therefore, there is an urgent need for active screening and treatment of parasite infections in pregnant women to assess the potential public health benefit of such interventions.
Transcriptional regulation of wound suberin deposition in potato cultivars with differential wound healing capacity
Authors: Wahrenburg Zachary , Benesch Elizabeth , Lowe Catherine , Jimenez Jazmin , Vulavala Vijaya K. R. , Lü Shiyou , Hammerschmidt Ray , Douches David , Yim Won C. , Santos Patricia , Kosma Dylan K. 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYWounding during mechanical harvesting and post‐harvest handling results in tuber desiccation and provides an entry point for pathogens resulting in substantial post​‐harvest crop losses. Poor wound healing is a major culprit of these losses. Wound tissue in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers, and all higher plants, is composed of a large proportion of suberin that is deposited in a specialized tissue called the wound periderm. However, the genetic regulatory pathway controlling wound‐induced suberization remains unknown. Here, we implicate two potato transcription factors, StMYB102 (PGSC0003DMG400011250) and StMYB74 (PGSC0003DMG400022399), as regulators of wound suberin biosynthesis and deposition. Using targeted metabolomics and transcript profiling from the wound healing tissues of two commercial potato cultivars, as well as heterologous expression, we provide evidence for the molecular–genetic basis of the differential wound suberization capacities of different potato cultivars. Our results suggest that (i) the export of suberin from the cytosol to the apoplast and ligno‐suberin deposition may be limiting factors for wound suberization, (ii) StMYB74 and StMYB102 are important regulators of the wound suberization process in tubers, and (iii) polymorphisms in StMYB102 may influence cultivar‐specific wound suberization capacity. These results represent an important step in understanding the regulated biosynthesis and deposition of wound suberin and provide a practical foundation for targeted breeding approaches aimed at improving potato tuber storage life.
Still willing and able to contribute: donor perspectives on donating blood in later life
Authors: Thorpe Rachel , Masser Barbara M. , Nguyen Lilly , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: April 2021

Background and objectivesWith greater numbers of Australians living longer with healthier lives, older adults could make a greater contribution to whole‐blood and plasma donor panels. Understanding the experiences and attitudes of middle‐aged to older Australians towards blood donation may provide opportunities to develop strategies to engage, recruit and retain older donors.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 34 donors aged 50 and over with diversity of donation experiences and age at which they first donated. The interviews focussed on becoming and remaining a donor, donating in later life and intentions to continue donating.ResultsFor some older people, being a blood donor is an important social role associated with a sense of themselves as healthy, knowledgeable and able to make a valuable contribution to the community. The majority of participants believed that age should not be a barrier to continued donation and that eligibility should be based on health and not age.ConclusionOlder donors intend to continue to donate for as long as they are eligible or until they perceive themselves ineligible. Recommendations are provided for strategies to engage with older donors.
Advancing Evidence‐Based Practice Through Implementation Science: Critical Contributions of Doctor of Nursing Practice‐ and Doctor of Philosophy‐Prepared Nurses
Authors: McNett Molly , Masciola Randee , Sievert Deana , Tucker Sharon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeDescribe the evolution of implementation science and the roles and potential collaborations of doctorally prepared nurses to advance implementation science in practice settings.MethodsReview of academic preparation and areas of expertise for doctorally prepared nurses as it relates to implementation science and evidence‐based practice (EBP).FindingsThere have been substantial gains in the number of academic programs in healthcare that include content on EBP, resulting in healthcare teams that are motivated to align practices with best evidence. Unfortunately, many EBP initiatives stall during early stages of implementation, resulting in fragmented practices and persistent gaps between evidence and practice. Implementation science aims to bridge this gap and provides a structured, science‐based approach to implementation. Few healthcare teams are familiar with implementation science, and many do not incorporate knowledge from the field when implementing EBPs. Doctorally prepared nurses are in a unique position to serve as leaders in EBP implementation due to the breadth and depth of academic preparation and their pivotal roles across practice settings.ConclusionsCollaboratively aligning existing strengths of PhD and DNP prepared nurses with knowledge of implementation science can advance implementation of EBP across practice settings to effectively incorporate and sustain meaningful change to improve outcomes.Linking Evidence to Action sectionDoctorally prepared nurses are in a unique position to advance and apply the science of implementation in practice settings. Nurse scientists can generate evidence on effective strategies and outcomes among healthcare teams to successfully integrate evidence based practices into routine care. Nurse leaders and educators can apply these findings and use an implementation science approach when leading clinical teams in evidence‐based practice changes.
Effects of Resistance Training With Machines and Elastic Tubes on Functional Capacity and Muscle Strength in Community-Living Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Safons Marisete P. , de Lima Milene S.N. , Gonçalves Karina F.L. , de Souza Junior Gerson A. , Barreto Tito L.C. , Oliveira Anderson José S. , Ribeiro Alexandre L.A. , dos Santos Couto Paz Clarissa C. , Gentil Paulo , Bottaro Martim , Martins Wagner R. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training with machines and elastic tubes on functional capacity and muscular strength in older women aged 60 years or over. The participants were randomized into two groups: a machine group (n = 23) and an elastic group (n = 20). They performed 12 weeks of progressive resistance training, twice a week, with similar exercises. Outcomes were assessed at three time points: baseline, postintervention, and 8 weeks after the end of the training. A significant intragroup effect was demonstrated for both groups at postintervention on functional tests and muscle strength. For the functional reach test and elbow flexion strength (180°/s), only the machine group demonstrated significant intragroup differences. No differences were observed between groups for any outcome. At the 8-week follow-up, functional capacity outcome values were maintained. The muscle strength outcome values decreased to baseline scores, without differences between groups.
Acute Blood Pressure Effects in Older Adults with Hypertension After Different Modalities of Exercise: An Experimental Study
Authors: Cunha Raphael M. , Arsa Gisela , Oliveira-Silva Iransé , Ferreira Rocha Izabela , Machado Lehnen Alexandre 
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the acute blood pressure (BP) effects of different exercise modalities in older adults with hypertension. Sixty volunteers were randomly assigned (n = 15/group) into different exercise protocols: resistance, bike, water-based exercise (WE), and a control session—all for ∼45 min. Clinic BP measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 15 and 30 min after protocols. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance; generalized estimating equations, following Bonferroni post hoc (p < .05). Immediately after exercise, the systolic BP (SBP) increased in all exercise protocols (resistance exercise = Δ10.3, bike exercise = Δ5.8, WE = Δ9.5 mmHg; p < .001), while the diastolic BP was not altered. Afterward, the SBP reached the value observed before exercise. In Minute 30, only WE presented a significant reduction for SBP (WE = Δ−4.6 mmHg; p < .05). This study has important clinical implications in hemodynamic safety for acute BP increases immediately after exercises, as well as, in the SBP, reduction benefits for older adults with hypertension.
End-to-end convolutional neural network enables COVID-19 detection from breath and cough audio: a pilot study
Authors: Coppock Harry , Gaskell Alex , Tzirakis Panagiotis , Baird Alice , Jones Lyn , Schuller Björn 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSince the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, multidisciplinary research teams have wrestled with how best to control the pandemic in light of its considerable physical, psychological and economic damage. Mass testing has been advocated as a potential remedy; however, mass testing using physical tests is a costly and hard-to-scale solution.MethodsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of an alternative form of COVID-19 detection, harnessing digital technology through the use of audio biomarkers and deep learning. Specifically, we show that a deep neural network based model can be trained to detect symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases using breath and cough audio recordings.ResultsOur model, a custom convolutional neural network, demonstrates strong empirical performance on a data set consisting of 355 crowdsourced participants, achieving an area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics of 0.846 on the task of COVID-19 classification.ConclusionThis study offers a proof of concept for diagnosing COVID-19 using cough and breath audio signals and motivates a comprehensive follow-up research study on a wider data sample, given the evident advantages of a low-cost, highly scalable digital COVID-19 diagnostic tool.