bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in a Cohort of Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Swift Melanie D , Breeher Laura E , Tande Aaron J , Tommaso Christopher P , Hainy Caitlin M , Chu Haitao , Murad M Hassan , Berbari Elie F , Virk Abinash 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In a large cohort of United States healthcare personnel without prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, 94 382 doses of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine were administered to 49 220 individuals. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness following 2 doses of each of the 2 available brands of mRNA vaccine exceeded 96%.
Moving on From HAND: Why We Need New Criteria for Cognitive Impairment in Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and a Proposed Way Forward
Authors: Nightingale Sam , Dreyer Anna J , Saylor Deanna , Gisslén Magnus , Winston Alan , Joska John A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) criteria are frequently used to describe cognitive impairment in persons living with HIV (PLWH) across diverse populations globally. These criteria typically find 20–60% of PLWH meet criteria for HAND, which does not tally with clinical observations in the modern era that cognitive disorders present relatively infrequently. Most with HAND have asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment; however, the significance of low cognitive test performance without symptoms is uncertain. Methods underlying HAND criteria carry a false-positive rate that can exceed 20%. Comorbidities, education, and complex socioeconomic factors can influence cognitive test performance, further increasing the potential for misclassification. We propose a new framework to characterize cognitive impairment in PLWH that requires a clinical history and acknowledges the multifactorial nature of low cognitive test performance. This framework is intended to be applicable across diverse populations globally, be more aligned with clinical observations, and more closely represent HIV brain pathology.
Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome: A French Nationwide Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Contou Damien , Colin Gwenhaël , Travert Brendan , Jochmans Sébastien , Conrad Marie , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste , Painvin Benoit , Ferré Alexis , Schnell David , La Combe Beatrice , Coudroy Rémi , Ehrmann Stephan , Rambaud Jérôme , Wiedemann Arnaud , Asfar Pierre , Kalfon Pierre , Guérot Emmanuel , Préau Sébastien , Argaud Laurent , Daviet Florence , Dellamonica Jean , Dupont Audrey , Fartoukh Muriel , Kamel Toufik , Béduneau Gaëtan , Canouï-Poitrine Florence , Boutin Emmanuelle , Lina Gérard , Mekontso Dessap Armand , Tristan Anne , de Prost Nicolas ,   French m-TSS Study Group, Colin G , Travert B , Jochmans S , Conrad M , Lascarrou J B , de Prost N , Painvin B , Ferré A , Schnell D , La Combe B , Coudroy R , Ehrmann S , Rambaud J , Wiedemann A , Asfar P , Contou D , Kalfon P , Daviet F , Préau S , Argaud L , Dellamonica J , Kamel T , Béduneau G , Fartoukh M , Dupont A , Sinnah F , Hamou Z Ait , Quenot J P , Moine P , Bourenne J , Guérot E , Mégarbane B , Reuter D , Galbois A , Beuret P , Bruel C , Isnard M , Delbove A , Sztrymf B , Thyrault M , Recher M , Mortamet G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Studies describing the clinical features and short-term prognosis of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for menstrual toxic shock syndrome (m-TSS) are lacking.

Methods
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with a clinical diagnosis of m-TSS admitted between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2020 in 43 French pediatric (n = 7) or adult (n = 36) ICUs. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical features and short-term prognosis, as well as to assess the 2011 Centers for Disease and Control (CDC) diagnostic criteria, in critically ill patients with m-TSS.

Results
In total, 102 patients with m-TSS (median age, 18 years; interquartile range, 16–24 years) were admitted to 1 of the participating ICUs. All blood cultures (n = 102) were sterile. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus grew from 92 of 96 vaginal samples. Screening for superantigenic toxin gene sequences was performed for 76 of the 92 vaginal samples positive for S. aureus (83%), and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 was isolated from 66 strains (87%). At ICU admission, no patient met the 2011 CDC criteria for confirmed m-TSS, and only 53 (52%) fulfilled the criteria for probable m-TSS. Eighty-one patients (79%) were treated with antitoxin antibiotic therapy, and 8 (8%) received intravenous immunoglobulins. Eighty-six (84%) patients required vasopressors, and 21 (21%) tracheal intubation. No patient required limb amputation or died in the ICU.

Conclusions
In this large multicenter series of patients included in ICUs for m-TSS, none died or required limb amputation. The CDC criteria should not be used for the clinical diagnosis of m-TSS at ICU admission.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Sequence Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Persistence and Reinfection
Authors: Choudhary Manish C , Crain Charles R , Qiu Xueting , Hanage William , Li Jonathan Z 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection and persistent infection have been reported, but sequence characteristics in these scenarios have not been described. We assessed published cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and persistence, characterizing the hallmarks of reinfecting sequences and the rate of viral evolution in persistent infection.

Methods
A systematic review of PubMed was conducted to identify cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and persistence with available sequences. Nucleotide and amino acid changes in the reinfecting sequence were compared with both the initial and contemporaneous community variants. Time-measured phylogenetic reconstruction was performed to compare intrahost viral evolution in persistent SARS-CoV-2 to community-driven evolution.

Results
Twenty reinfection and 9 persistent infection cases were identified. Reports of reinfection cases spanned a broad distribution of ages, baseline health status, reinfection severity, and occurred as early as 1.5 months or &gt;8 months after the initial infection. The reinfecting viral sequences had a median of 17.5 nucleotide changes with enrichment in the ORF8 and N genes. The number of changes did not differ by the severity of reinfection and reinfecting variants were similar to the contemporaneous sequences circulating in the community. Patients with persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrated more rapid accumulation of sequence changes than seen with community-driven evolution with continued evolution during convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibody treatment.

Conclusions
Reinfecting SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes largely mirror contemporaneous circulating sequences in that geographic region, while persistent COVID-19 has been largely described in immunosuppressed individuals and is associated with accelerated viral evolution.
Substantial Decline in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Hong Kong
Authors: Teng Jade L L , Fok Kenny M N , Lin Ken P K , Chan Elaine , Ma Yuanchao , Lau Susanna K P , Woo Patrick C Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Compared with other countries, a more substantial decrease in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease was observed in Hong Kong, which is most likely attributable to the proactive mass adoption of face masks by the public. Human behavioral changes, particularly mask wearing, should be considered as an additional preventive strategy against invasive pneumococcal disease.
Severity Level Classification of Brain Tumor based on MRI Images using Fractional-Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Cristin Dr R , Kumar Dr K Suresh , Anbhazhagan Dr P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Brain tumor classification is highly effective in identifying and diagnosing the exact location of the tumor in the brain. The medical imaging system reported that early diagnosis and classification of the tumor increases the life of the human. Among various imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly used by clinical experts, as it offers contrast information of brain tumors. An effective classification method named fractional-chicken swarm optimization (fractional-CSO) is introduced to perform the severity-level tumor classification. Here, the chicken swarm behavior is merged with the derivative factor to enhance the accuracy of severity level classification. The optimal solution is obtained by updating the position of the rooster, which updates their location based on better fitness value. The brain images are pre-processed and the features are effectively extracted, and the cancer classification is carried out. Moreover, the severity level of tumor classification is performed using the deep recurrent neural network, which is trained by the proposed fractional-CSO algorithm. Moreover, the performance of the proposed fractional-CSO attained better performance in terms of the evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, specificity and sensitivity with the values of 93.35, 96 and 95% using simulated BRATS dataset, respectively.
Guess-and-Determine Attacks on AEGIS
Authors: Jiao Lin , Li Yongqiang , Du Shaoyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
AEGIS is one of the authenticated encryption with associated data designs selected for the final portfolio of the CAESAR competition. It combines the AES round function and simple Boolean operations to update its large state and extract a keystream to achieve an excellent software performance. The AEGIS family consists of AEGIS-128, AEGIS-256 and AEGIS-128L, which use 5, 6 and 8 parallel AES round functions to process 128, 128 and 256 bits message block per step with slightly different output functions separately. Surprisingly, very few cryptanalytic results on AEGIS have been published so far. This paper presents the first guess-and-determine attacks on AEGIS family. Firstly, we propose a new observation on the structure of AEGIS that the relations of fixed variables remain in the outputs at consecutive steps under some conditions on the AND operations, and the vectorial bitwise AND operation is biased, which is able to derive the additional variables added directly. Secondly, we add several techniques, such as divide and conquer on byte-based columns, reduction by meet in the middle and simplification through constraints on variables, for each AEGIS member. Finally, we conduct guess-and-determine attacks on AEGIS-128, AEGIS-256 and AEGIS-128L and result in a complexity of $2^{309}$, $2^{437}$ and $2^{384}$ to $2^{416}$, respectively. Although neither attack threatens the practical security of AEGIS, it has great significance to evaluate the resistance of such structure compared with their large internal state exploited of 640, 768 and 1024 bits. It is also the first internal state recovery attack on AEGIS without nonce reusing, while only distinguishing attacks on AEGIS exist up to now.
Performance Evaluation of Learning Models for Identification of Suicidal Thoughts
Authors: Chadha Akshma , Kaushik Baijnath 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The suicidal death rate is growing rapidly. Depression and stress levels among the people have increased significantly, which is considered to be a risk factor for suicidal thoughts. Social media is gradually more popular and people use them for sharing their sentiments and harmful emotions related to suicidal thoughts. An effective approach is required to investigate for identifying risk factors associated with suicide on social media. The objective is to propose some learning models to evaluate social media data to identify persons having suicidal tendencies. A large data consisting of 8452 tweets are collected from Twitter, pre-processed and bags of words were applied. Different machine learning and deep learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Decision Tree, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Recurrent Neural Network, Artificial Neural Network and Long Short Term Memory were applied for classifying the tweets in two sets: suicidal and non-suicidal. The performance of these learning models is further evaluated on three parameters: accuracy, precision and recall. These models have shown significant results on the parameters.
Observations on the Security of COMET
Authors: Xu Zheng , Li Yongqiang , Wang Mingsheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the security of counter mode encryption with authentication tag (COMET), one of the 32 second-round candidates in National Institute of Standards and Technology’s lightweight cryptography standardization process, against differential cryptanalysis. CHAM-64/128 is a block cipher chosen as one of the underlying block ciphers in COMET for hardware-oriented applications, and a differential characteristic with a high probability for CHAM-64/128 is useful for forgery attacks on COMET. However, we find that the optimal $\mathbf{39}$-round differential characteristic for CHAM-64/128 proposed by Roh et al., which is the longest differential characteristic of CHAM-64/128, is invalid. Then, we propose a new method of distinguishing an $\mathbf{m}$-bit block cipher from an $\mathbf{m}$-bit random permutation using a differential characteristic with a probability not higher than $\mathbf{2^{-m}}$. Using our method, we use two $\mathbf{39}$-round differential characteristics with a probability of $\mathbf{2^{-64}}$ for CHAM-64/128 to distinguish $\mathbf{39}$-round-reduced CHAM-64/128 from a $\mathbf{64}$-bit random permutation, respectively. Furthermore, we refine the probabilities of two differentials with the same input and output differential masks as the two $\mathbf{39}$-round differential characteristics, respectively. Finally, we present the first forgery attacks on COMET with the two differentials without using weak keys. Our forgery attacks follow the nonce-misuse scenario. It should be noticed that this attack does not invalidate the security claims of the designers.
Deficiency of myeloid PHD proteins aggravates atherogenesis via macrophage apoptosis and paracrine fibrotic signalling
Authors: van Kuijk Kim , Demandt Jasper A F , Perales-Patón Javier , Theelen Thomas L , Kuppe Christoph , Marsch Elke , de Bruijn Jenny , Jin Han , Gijbels Marion J , Matic Ljubica , Mees Barend M E , Reutelingsperger Chris P M , Hedin Ulf , Biessen Erik A L , Carmeliet Peter , Baker Andrew H , Kramann Rafael K , Schurgers Leon J , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Sluimer Judith C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aims
Atherosclerotic plaque hypoxia is detrimental for macrophage function. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) initiate cellular hypoxic responses, possibly influencing macrophage function in plaque hypoxia. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the role of myeloid PHDs in atherosclerosis.

Methods and results
Myeloid-specific PHD knockout (PHDko) mice were obtained via bone marrow transplantation (PHD1ko, PHD3ko) or conditional knockdown through lysozyme M-driven Cre recombinase (PHD2cko). Mice were fed high cholesterol diet for 6–12 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Aortic root plaque size was significantly augmented 2.6-fold in PHD2cko, and 1.4-fold in PHD3ko compared to controls but was unchanged in PHD1ko mice. Macrophage apoptosis was promoted in PHD2cko and PHD3ko mice in vitro and in vivo, via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α/BNIP3 axis. Bulk and single-cell RNA data of PHD2cko bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and plaque macrophages, respectively, showed enhanced HIF1α/BNIP3 signalling, which was validated in vitro by siRNA silencing. Human plaque BNIP3 mRNA was positively associated with plaque necrotic core size, suggesting similar pro-apoptotic effects in human. Furthermore, PHD2cko plaques displayed enhanced fibrosis, while macrophage collagen breakdown by matrix metalloproteinases, collagen production, and proliferation were unaltered. Instead, PHD2cko BMDMs enhanced fibroblast collagen secretion in a paracrine manner. In silico analysis of macrophage-fibroblast communication predicted SPP1 (osteopontin) signalling as regulator, which was corroborated by enhanced plaque SPP1 protein in vivo. Increased SPP1 mRNA expression upon PHD2cko was preferentially observed in foamy plaque macrophages expressing ‘triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2’ (TREM2hi) evidenced by single-cell RNA, but not in neutrophils. This confirmed enhanced fibrotic signalling by PHD2cko macrophages to fibroblasts, in vitro as well as in vivo.

Conclusion
Myeloid PHD2cko and PHD3ko enhanced atherosclerotic plaque growth and macrophage apoptosis, while PHD2cko macrophages further activated collagen secretion by fibroblasts in vitro, likely via paracrine SPP1 signalling through TREM2hi macrophages.
Ustekinuma b for Crohn’s Disease: Two-Year Results of the Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC) Registry, a Nationwide Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Straatmijer Tessa , Biemans Vince B C , Hoentjen Frank , de Boer Nanne K H , Bodelier Alexander G L , Dijkstra Gerard , van Dop Willemijn A , Haans Jeoffrey J L , Jansen Jeroen M , Maljaars P W Jeroen , van der Marel Sander , Oldenburg Bas , Ponsioen Cyriel Y , Visschedijk Marijn C , de Vries Annemarie C , West Rachel L , van der Woude C Janneke , Pierik Marieke , Duijvestein Marjolijn , van der Meulen-de Jong Andrea E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsUstekinumab is a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets p40, a shared subunit of the cytokines interleukin [IL]-12 and IL-23. It is registered for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. We assessed the 2-year effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in a real world, prospective cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease [CD].MethodsPatients who started ustekinumab were prospectively enrolled in the nationwide Initiative on Crohn and Colitis [ICC] Registry. At weeks 0, 12, 24, 52 and 104, clinical remission Harvey Bradshaw Index≤ 4 points], biochemical remission (faecal calprotectin ≤ 200 μg/g and/or C-reactive protein ≤5 mg/L], perianal fistula remission, extra-intestinal manifestations, ustekinumab dosage and safety outcomes were determined. The primary outcome was corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 104.ResultsIn total, 252 CD patients with at least 2 years of follow-up were included. Of all included patients, the proportion of patients in corticosteroid-free clinical remission was 32.3% [81/251], 41.4% [104/251], 39% [97/249] and 34.0% [84/247] at weeks 12, 24, 52 and 104, respectively. In patients with combined clinical and biochemical disease activity at baseline [n = 122], the corticosteroid-free clinical remission rates were 23.8% [29/122], 35.2% [43/122], 40.0% [48/120] and 32.8% [39/119] at weeks 12, 24, 52 and 104, respectively. The probability of remaining on ustekinumab treatment after 52 and 104 weeks in all patients was 64.3% and 54.8%, respectively. The main reason for discontinuing treatment after 52 weeks was loss of response [66.7%]. No new safety issues were observed.ConclusionAfter 104 weeks of ustekinumab treatment, one-third of CD patients were in corticosteroid-free clinical remission.
Implications of abnormal ascending aorta geometry for risk prediction of acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Della Corte Alessandro , Rubino Antonino Salvatore , Montella Antonio Pio , Bancone Ciro , Lo Presti Federica , Galbiati Denise , Dialetto Giovanni , De Feo Marisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Recently, increased length of the ascending aorta has been suggested as a possible risk factor for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Our goal was to identify measurable aortic geometrical characteristics associated with elongation that could differentiate ATAAD from uncomplicated aortic dilation (&gt;45 mm).

METHODS
In angiographic computed tomography scans performed in 180 patients having cardiac surgery, aortic diameters, root length, length of the ascending aorta at both the centreline and the greater curvature (convexity) and the root-ascending (root-asc) angle (that between the root axis and the axis of the ascending tract) and the ascending-arch (asc-arch) angle (that between the axis of the ascending aorta and the arch axis) were measured and compared among 3 patient groups: normal aorta (diameter &lt; 45 mm), dilation/aneurysm (&gt;45 mm) and ATAAD. Correlations between diameters and angles, diameters and lengths and lengths and angles were analysed; multivariable analysis including geometrical factors was performed to identify independent predictors of ATAAD.

RESULTS
Both patients with aneurysms and patients with ATAAD showed significantly elongated ascending aortas (P &lt; 0.001 vs normal). However, in the aneurysms, the root-asc angle (136° ± 20° vs 147° ± 17°; P &lt; 0.001) and in ATAAD the asc-arch angle were uniquely narrower than that in the normal aorta (116° ± 11° vs 132° ± 19°; P &lt; 0.001). All patients with an ATAAD had an asc-arch angle ≤130°. Both in patients with ATAAD and in those without ATAAD, narrowing of the asc-arch angle was associated with elongation of the root segment (P &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the asc-arch angle and the total length of the ascending aorta (root + tubular) were significant predictors of ATAAD.

CONCLUSIONS
The asc-arch angle is a promising measurement that could help predict aortic dissection along with aortic diameter and length: further verification is warranted.
Can prosthesis type influence the recurrence of infective endocarditis after surgery for native valve endocarditis? A propensity weighted comparison
Authors: Rubino Antonino S , Della Ratta Ester E , Galbiati Denise , Ashurov Rasul , Galgano Viviana L , Montella Antonio P , De Feo Marisa , Della Corte Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to investigate whether the incidence of valve-related adverse events might be different depending on the valve substitute after valve replacement for left-sided native valve endocarditis.

METHODS
We assessed the long-term freedom from recurrence, reoperation and survival of 395 patients who had valve replacements for native valve endocarditis (314 mechanical vs 81 biological). Age &lt;18 years, reoperation, prosthetic endocarditis, right valve involvement, valve repair and homograft implants were the main exclusion criteria. The balance between the 2 groups was addressed by weighting the results on the inverse of the propensity score.

RESULTS
After inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), freedom from recurrence of infective endocarditis was not significantly different (mechanical 84.1 ± 3.2% vs 50.6 ± 21.7%; P = 0.29) nor was freedom from reoperation different (mechanical 85.7 ± 3.1% vs biological 50.9 ± 21.9%; P = 0.29). Excluding competing deaths, patients receiving a bioprosthesis had a similar subdistribution hazard of the above end points compared to recipients of a mechanical valve [recurrence IPTW: hazard ratio (HR) 1.631, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.756–3.516; P = 0.21; reoperation IPTW-HR 1.737, 95% CI 0.780–3.870; P = 0.18]. Mechanical valves were associated with improved long-term survival (34.9 ± 5.8% vs 10.5 ± 7.4% at 30 years; P = 0.0009; in particular: aortic valve subgroup 41.6 ± 9.3% vs 10.1 ± 8.2%; P &lt; 0.0001), although the hazard of cardiovascular mortality did not favour either valve type (IPTW: HR 1.361, 95% CI 0.771–2.404; P = 0.29).

CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis showed a clinical trend in favour of mechanical valves as valve substitutes for native valve endocarditis, especially in the aortic position. In view of long-term freedom from adverse events, the choice of the valve type should be tailored according to patient characteristics and specific clinical conditions.