bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of changes in the agricultural and forest areas and the impact of socio-economic activities in the Ba River Basin, Vietnam
Authors: Thi Truong Nhat Kieu , Thy Pham Thi Mai , Nguyen Lam Dao , Huong Nguyen Thi Thanh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the Ba river basin, the natural forest area has been decreasing and agriculture area has been increasing at an uneven rate for the last 30 years. Objective of this research is analysing the change in the agricultural and forest areas under the impact of socioeconomic activities in this basin. Landsat satellite images with a resolution of 30 m acquired from 1989 to 2019 were used to assess the changes. To enhance the classification speed of data, this research applied the online Google Earth Engine platform and GIS tools to process and edit results. The results showed that the largest decrease in forest area was from 1989-2000 (-159,000 ha) while the agricultural area increased the most in the period 2010-2017 with more than 176,000 ha. The main reasons of conversion forest land into agricultural land such as fruit trees and perennial industrial crops were the increasing of population and agricultural prices. Besides, the demand of electricity caused the deforestation for hydropower plantations.
Overall and Partial Trend Identification of High Resolution Gridded Rainfall Data over Vietnam by Applying Innovative-Şen Trend Analysis (ITA) Method
Authors: Phan T H , Dang N D P , Le M H , Nguyen T H , Nguyen N T , Hoa N P , Nguyen K L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trend detection in rainfall time series is a prime task to provide reliable outcomes for better planning and management of water resources under climate change. This study investigated the rainfall trends in seasonal and monthly rainfall over Vietnam, using high-resolution gridded datasets from 1980 to 2010. Possible trends in rainfall values were detected by a recently proposed Innovative-Şen Analysis (ITA) method, which allows identifying the trends of the low, medium, and high values of a series. The outcomes showed high domination of significantly increasing trends in annual rainfall. Moreover, the analysis of partial trends in the time series identified a sequence of alternating decreasing, increasing, and trendless seasonal and monthly rainfall. On the other hand, opposite trends were found for extreme rainfall, in which the high values in the rainy season showed negative trends, while the positive trends of low values in the dry season were indicated. Besides, based on categorization, the low, medium, and high monthly rainfall values of the seven sub-regions were mainly evaluated, which occurred in different trends. The high values in monthly of the rainy season had also detected an upward trend, and the low values in monthly dry season existed downward trends that are expected that these results will be associate with rainfall trends with floods and droughts. Besides, the study showed that the ITA method could be successfully used in trends analysis for gridded datasets of rainfall variables.
Isolation and characterization of acetic acid bacteria from palm sap (Arenga pinnata Merr.) for a starter culture in the production of Java plum (Syzigium cumini L.) vinegar
Authors: Maliza N O , Sulaiman M I , Yunita D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to isolate and characterize the AAB from the palm sap collected from Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province, Indonesia, in order to determine its viability as a starter culture in the production of Java plum vinegar. The palm sap was collected from three villages (Pagar Air, Seulimum and Lam Pakuk) after aging for 30 days. The samples were grown on Yeast-Glucose-Carbonate agar for AAB isolation and microbiological analysis and were examined for total cell counts, pH, total soluble solid (TSS), and alcohol content in triplicate. This study has successfully isolated 2 isolates from Pagar Air village (P1, P2), 1 isolate from Seulimum village (P3), and 2 isolates from Lam Pakuk village (P4, P5) with different colony characteristics. The characteristics of Gram negative, catalase positive, and oxidase negative suggest AAB were represented on P2 and P5 isolates only. Based on TSS analysis, the bacteria in palm sap from Pagar Air village could successfully convert sugar into alcohol. Therefore, P2 has the potential to be used as a starter culture in the java plum vinegar production process.
The evaluation by passes energy based on in vitro gas production digestibility and palatability
Authors: Dewi R R , Muhlisin  , Kustantinah  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of combined treatments of the fish oil protected with different NaOH concentration and drying method as bypass energy based in vitro total gas production and palatability. Lemuru fish oil, starch and NaOH were used for capsulation and optimizing saponification, along with CaCl2 and required reagents were used for in vitro gas test. The indicators for protected fish oil palatability test were 18 female lamb, aged 7-8 months, with average weight 15.37 ± 1.09 kg. A completely randomized design was deployed for in vitro gas production with three replications in which different NaOH concentrations and drying methods were applied. Then, to see the results of the animal preference level, it was by reducing the feeding time and feeding residue in 24 hours. All data was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan test. As a results, fish oil protected with different NaOH concentration and drying method have no significant effect on total gas production. Furthemore, the results on the palatability analysis showed that there was no significant different in all treatments.
Dose range of Trichoderma pellets on suppressing Synchytrium pogostemonis caused budok disease in patchouli plants
Authors: Sriwati R , Chamzurni T , Kesumawati E , Pertiwi T K , Angraeni L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Budok disease is a condition that often attacks patchouli plants, and can cause warts on leaves, swollen and thickened stems; and makes reddish-purple leaves look wrinkled and thick. Pesticides are typically the best solutions for disease control. Alternative treatments that can be used to treat this condition are biological control agents such as Trichoderma fungi. This fungus has been produced in pellet form and has been evaluated for its potential to control several important plant diseases. Three-week-old Patchouli seedlings were grown on polibag (5 kg). Application of the pellets were carried out by immersing it in the planting medium according to the dosage range tested. The doses tested were 0 g, 2.5 g, 5 g, 7.5 g and 10 g per polybag. The transmission of S. pogostemonis sap was done by using a mechanical method. The measurements of incubation period, leaf area and disease intensity were conducted at 120 days after planting. The result showed that Trichoderma pellets could suppress the development of S. pogostemonis in patchouli plants. When the dose was raised to 10 g, symptoms of budok disease appeared such as warts on leaves, wrinkled and thick leaves with purplish red colour, which eventually led to leaf malformation.
The potential of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas auregenosa as patchouli waste decomposer
Authors: Pratiwi V , Hifnalisa  , Oktarina H , Sriwati R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Currently, waste from patchouli distillation process is unutilized. It is known that the waste still has high nutrient content and has the potential as raw material for organic fertilizers. In this study, we investigated the potential of Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperelum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as biodecomposer in patchouli waste composting process. The bio decomposers were inoculated to patchouli waste to determine the effect on composting process time, maturation and compost chemical properties. T. harzianum and T. asperelum were added to the compost raw material in the form of pellet (15 g). While P. aeruginosa added suspension at 108 as much as 20 ml. The results showed that the inoculation of T. harzianum, T. asperelum and P. aeruginosa accelerated the decomposition process and improved the compost texture. Chemical properties analysis indicated that the compost produced meet Indonesia compost standarisation. This study revealed that T. harzianum, T. asperelum and P. aeruginosa are potential patchouli waste decomposers.
Antimicrobial activity of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) essential oil and their mixtures against pathogenic and food spoilage microbes
Authors: Aisyah Y , Yunita D , Amanda A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNew natural compounds that are effective against pathogenic and food spoilage microbes are needed, especially those that are resistant to conventional antimicrobial compounds. This study aimed to determine the composition and antimicrobial activity of patchouli, citronella, nutmeg essential oil and their mixtures against pathogenic and food spoilage microbes that isStaphylococcus aureus, Shigellasp,Candida albicans, andAspergillus niger. The antimicrobial activity test was carried out by using the disc diffusion method to determine the zone of inhibition. Citronella oil has higher antimicrobial activity in inhibiting the growth ofAspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, andCandida albicans, namely 38.28 mm, 26.22 mm and 16.21 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, forShigellasp, patchouli oil is better able to inhibit the growth ofShigellasp, namely 6.80 mm. The combination of the mixture of citronella oil with patchouli oil and citronella oil with nutmeg oil can increase the inhibitory ability of patchouli oil and nutmeg oil respectively against the growth ofCandida albicans, Aspergillus nigerandStaphylococcus aureus. The sensitivity of pathogenic and food spoilage microbes tested against these three essential oils shows the potential for patchouli, citronella, and nutmeg essential oils to be used as natural preservatives in the food industry.
The potential use of chitosan deduced from the results of in silico analysis
Authors: Tallei T E , Maulana R R , Windah A L L , Wahongan I F , Tumilaar S G , Fatimawali  , Kumaunang M , Sambul A M , Adam A A , Idroes R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is currently the most feared virus globally because it causes pulmonary infectious diseases that can cause a risk of death. Researchers have tried together by conducting massive research and finding an antidote, especially those sourced from natural ingredients. Chitosan is a natural ingredient isolated from crustaceans. This compound has long been studied and proven to have the ability to inactivate various types of viruses. Therefore, in this study, chitosan’s ability to inhibit several proteins and enzymes from SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in silico. The evaluation results suggested that chitosan has in silico excellent activity in preventing the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cells and inhitibing its replication.
The productivity of Gayo buffaloes viewed from reproduction aspect in Linge Sub-District of Central Aceh District, Aceh Province of Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah M A N , Rezeka A H , Sari E M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the productivity of female Gayo buffaloes in Linge Sub-District, Central Aceh District. Survey was used to obtain the primary data through direct interview techniques with buffalo owners based on a questionnaire that had been prepared previously. As many as 40 buffalo owners became the respondents in this study spread in four selected villages (Pantan Nangka, Delung Sekinel, Umang, and Gelampang Gading). The determination of respondents was done by using purposive sampling method with a minimum provision of breeders maintaining two female buffaloes that have bred at least two times and have a minimum experience of breeding for four years. The results showed that female Gayo buffalos had good reproductive productivity. Female Gayo buffalos experienced puberty at 33.8 ± 0.63 months old with the average age at first breeding was at 35.4 ± 0.67 months old, age of first calving was at 46.47 ± 4.44 months old, conception period was for 332.25 ± 26.64 days, average calving interval was at 14.82 ± 1.81 months, service period was at 3.42 ± 0.50 months, and percentage of calving rate was 67.92 %. It was concluded that female Gayo buffalos in Linge Subdistrict, Central Aceh Regency has good productivity.
Food security strategies toward flood hazards along the Cinendang river, Aceh Province
Authors: Bakhtiar  , Abdullah F , Marzuki M , Yanis M , Ismail N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Singkil communities have been living along riverbanks for several centuries. They are accustomed to living near the water which has generated local wisdom in mitigating and adapting to flood hazards. This study focuses on food security in overcoming flood hazards practiced as local wisdom by the community living along the Cinendang River, Aceh Singkil. The study applied a descriptive exploration based on field observations, interviews with local communities, and in-depth interviews with community leaders and local government regarding knowledge, experiences, and the implementation of the local wisdom. The result shows that the communities practice local wisdom on structural mitigation and adaptation so that they can still supply and protect their food needs during floods. The community has taken advantage of the floating buildings namely sapao metungkhang, lampung, and bagan for these purposes. These buildings are made of logs found drifting along the river, and they are practically effective in the way that daily household and communal activities can still be carried out in both normal conditions and during the flooding. Such houses are hardly found today due to shortages of raw materials, in-progress inland transportation development, relocation of communities far from rivers, and dimmed water caused by transportation routes.
Analysis of pH and cooking losses of chicken meat due to the use of different percentages of turmeric flour
Authors: Abubakar A , Fitri C A , Koesmara H , Mudatsir  , Ardatami S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of turmeric as an active compound for preservatives is widely used because it is simple, inexpensive, and easy to find. To prevent the losses of quality and damage to the meat, processing and preservation is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using different percentages of turmeric flour on the pH and cooking losses of chicken meat. This study used 2.2 kg Broiler chicken breast and 214.5 g turmeric flour. The research design used was a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications so that the total sample was 20 units. With the percentage of using turmeric flour T0 (0%), T1 (10%), T2 (13%) and T3 (16%). The results of research that have been carried out the percentage of using turmeric flour as much as 13% (5.90) is the best treatment for the pH of broiler chicken meat. The results of research that have been carried out the percentage of use of turmeric flour as much as 13% (25.35%) is the best treatment for cooking losses.
Comparison of principal component and partial least square regression method in NIRS data analysis for cocoa bean quality assessment
Authors: Kamal M , Munawar A A , Sulaiman M I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The quality of cocoa beans can be determined in various ways, and two of them are: (i) manual observation via splitting cocoa beans in order to determine the degree of fermentation and observe the defect; (ii) chemical analyses for determining the fat and moisture content; with the latter is known as a time-consuming process. The NIRS instrument is a kind of a non-destructive measurement that can predict rapidly the quality of cocoa beans. This study aims to simulate a mathematical model for the prediction of moisture- and fat-content using a NIRS instrument. These results were subsequently analyzed with two types of multivariate regression analysis: Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Partial least Square Regression (PLSR) and the results shown based on two methods were then compared. The PCR method delivered a higher determination coefficient in moisture analysis compared to PLSR. On the other hand, a greater determination coefficient was delivered by PLSR in terms of fat analysis compared to the value obtained via PCR. The root means square error of the PCR method was lower than that of PLSR. It can be concluded that the PLSR method is more suitable for fat content prediction.
Evaluation natural preservatives of nothopanax scutellarium merr. leaf extract in physical characteristics of nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus)
Authors: Safrida S , Hardania D I , Khairil K , Muhammad N , Nur Y I M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNothopanax sutellariumis one plant that is known to be used as an antimicrobial because it has several active ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. This study aims to determine the effect ofNothopanax sutellariumleaf extract with different solvents, namely water, ethanol, and nanoemulsion solvents on thephysicalcharacteristics of tilapia. This type of research is experimental research with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted in Biology Education Laboratory Universitas Syiah Kuala, Chemistry Education Laboratory of Universitas Syiah Kuala, and Pharmacology Laboratory of Universitas Syiah Kuala. This research uses a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with Factor A (solvent extract) and Factor B (concentration) consisting of 6 treatments and 4 replications. Data were statisticallyanalyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and BNJ (Honest Significant Difference) at a significant level of α=0.05. Based on the results of research givingNothopanax sutellariumleaf extract with different solvents significantly influence the shape of the eye, gill color, aroma, and meat texture in Nile tilapia. Treatment with extract concentration of 60% using nanoemulsion tehnique is the best treatment.Nothopanax sutellariumnanoemulsion extract has the potential as a natural ingredient in preserving fresh fish during transportation.
Potassium fertilizer doses and local microorganism concentration affecting growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Hayati M , Rahmawati M , Munandar F A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer doses, Local Microorganism concentrations, and the interaction between the two factors on the growth and yield of shallots. The study applies Randomized Block Design with 3 x 4 Factorial and 3 replications. The observed factors were potassium fertilizer at 3 levels each of control, 100, and 200 kg ha-1 and Local Microorganisms at 4 levels each of 0, 75, 150, and 225 ml L-1). The highest yield potential of the shallots was found at a dose of 100 kg ha-1 potassium fertilizer. The highest diameter of shallot bulbs was initiated at 150 ml L-1 of Local Microorganism concentration, but it was not significantly different from the control treatment. The combination of a potassium fertilizer dose of 200 kg ha-1 and a local liquid microorganism concentration of 75 ml L-1 provide the highest growth and yield of shallots.
Identification of MC4R gene markers in Bligon goats with single and twin birth type
Authors: Kurniawati N , Latifah  , Kustantinah K , Yulianto M D E , Hartatik T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
MC4R may be a gene tahat proven to play an important role on process o feed intake, energy homeostatis, obesity, and controlled eating behavior. This study aims to spot the variety of the MC4R gene in Bligon goat in the Gama Ngundi Lestari livestock group, using 10 selected pre-weaning bligon goats with single and twin birth types. The analysis material included birth weight and weaning weight data. The stage were consisted of blood sampling and data analysis. Two DNA polymorphisms of the MC4R gene were known within the exon1 region (g.998A/G and g.1079C/T). Genetic diversity was calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg formula. A non-synonymous polymorphism was detected in location g.998A/G, converting amino methionine (Met) on isoleucine (Ile). The SNP toward g. 1079C/T might have been a synonymous polymorphism. During this study found restriction enzymes Acc65I, KpnI and BsrI might make utilized to genotyping Bligon goats utilizing the PCR-RFLP technique on future research.
A review of a sustainable bio-electricity generation from microbes grown in waste water
Authors: Emalya N , Malahayati N , Munawar E , Rinaldi W , Yunardi Y 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe high growth of world population, increase global urbanization and rapid rise of industrialization have driven a drastic escalation in demands not only for food, and water but also energy. In addition to decreasing the natural oil reserve, excessive utilization of fossil fuel for the conversion into various forms of energy, including electrical power, also contributes to atmospheric pollution due to the release of gases from combustion which eventually will cause climate change. Consequently, recent years, great attention has been focused on energy production and generation from microalgae, because it is sustainable, environmentally friendly and economical. Microalgae fuel cell (MFC) is a device which utilizes microalgae capable of oxidizing organic matter by generating electron, obtaining energy for their own and providing electricity generation. Wastewater contains inorganic and organic nutrients which could be used as the source of substrate for microalgae to grow. A combination of MFC and wastewater would offer a great promising technology in the future for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater and electricity generation. This paper review the potentials of electrical energy generation with the application of MFC, the concept of MFC and the current development of MFC.
Study on liability and farm handling of high value agricultural commodities in Aceh
Authors: Fauzi T. , Mujiburrahmad  , Baihaqi A , Romano  , Ramayana  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Agricultural sector has a potential for improving the economy of Aceh because it plays major role in the commodities livelihood. Some of the agricultural commodities such as patchouli, melon, chili, corn, and soybeans have high economic value. However, growing that plants have high uncertainty for farmers especially in term of risk in financial, production and market. This study aimed to identify the sources of risks and study the impact on farm management. The research was conducted in 75 villages in 5 districts of Aceh Province that were determined using systematic sampling. As many as 275 farmers had been selected as respondence risks of some aspects in production, marketing and financing were assessed and compared with potential benefit of farmers. The results indicated that potential benefit is always associated with the risk. The greater the on-farm risk is the bigger its potential benefits. Intensive farming system will reduce the risk, but it increases the cost. This research has been successfully ranking the risk of farming as the following plant: patchouli, chilies, corn, and soybeans.