bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic dysregulation of immune-related pathways in cancer: bioinformatics tools and visualization
Authors: Berglund Anders , Putney Ryan M. , Hamaidi Imene , Kim Sungjune 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer immune evasion is one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Cancer cells employ multiple mechanisms to avoid immune recognition and suppress antitumor immune responses. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that immune-related pathways are epigenetically dysregulated in cancer. Most importantly, the epigenetic footprint of immune-related pathways is associated with the patient outcome, underscoring the crucial need to understand this process. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for epigenetic regulation of immune-related pathways in cancer and describe bioinformatics tools, informative visualization techniques, and resources to help decipher the cancer epigenome.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of arketamine: beyond the NMDA receptor
Authors: Wei Yan , Chang Lijia , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe discovery of robust antidepressant actions exerted by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist (R,S)-ketamine has been a crucial breakthrough in mood disorder research. (R,S)-ketamine is a racemic mixture of equal amounts of (R)-ketamine (arketamine) and (S)-ketamine (esketamine). In 2019, an esketamine nasal spray from Johnson & Johnson was approved in the United States of America and Europe for treatment-resistant depression. However, an increasing number of preclinical studies show that arketamine has greater potency and longer-lasting antidepressant-like effects than esketamine in rodents, despite the lower binding affinity of arketamine for the NMDAR. In clinical trials, non-ketamine NMDAR-related compounds did not exhibit ketamine-like robust antidepressant actions in patients with depression, despite these compounds showing antidepressant-like effects in rodents. Thus, the rodent data do not necessarily translate to humans due to the complexity of human psychiatric disorders. Collectively, the available studies indicate that it is unlikely that NMDAR plays a major role in the antidepressant action of (R,S)-ketamine and its enantiomers, although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying antidepressant actions of (R,S)-ketamine and its enantiomers remain unclear. In this paper, we review recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of (R,S)-ketamine and its potent enantiomer arketamine. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of the brain–gut–microbiota axis and brain–spleen axis in stress-related psychiatric disorders and in the antidepressant-like action of arketamine. Finally, we discuss the potential of arketamine as a treatment for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders, Parkinson’s disease, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and stroke.
ADIPOR1 deficiency-induced suppression of retinal ELOVL2 and docosahexaenoic acid levels during photoreceptor degeneration and visual loss
Authors: Osada Hideto , Toda Eriko , Homma Kohei , Guzman Naymel A. , Nagai Norihiro , Ogawa Mamoru , Negishi Kazuno , Arita Makoto , Tsubota Kazuo , Ozawa Yoko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLipid metabolism-related gene mutations can cause retinitis pigmentosa, a currently untreatable blinding disease resulting from progressive neurodegeneration of the retina. Here, we demonstrated the influence of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) deficiency in retinal neurodegeneration using Adipor1 knockout (KO) mice. Adipor1 mRNA was observed to be expressed in photoreceptors, predominately within the photoreceptor inner segment (PIS), and increased after birth during the development of the photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) where photons are received by the visual pigment, rhodopsin. At 3 weeks of age, visual function impairment, specifically photoreceptor dysfunction, as recorded by electroretinography (ERG), was evident in homozygous, but not heterozygous, Adipor1 KO mice. However, although photoreceptor loss was evident at 3 weeks of age and progressed until 10 weeks, the level of visual dysfunction was already substantial by 3 weeks, after which it was retained until 10 weeks of age. The rhodopsin mRNA levels had already decreased at 3 weeks, suggesting that reduced rhodopsin may have contributed to early visual loss. Moreover, inflammation and oxidative stress were induced in homozygous KO retinas. Prior to observation of photoreceptor loss via optical microscopy, electron microscopy revealed that POSs were present; however, they were misaligned and their lipid composition, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is critical in forming POSs, was impaired in the retina. Importantly, the expression of Elovl2, an elongase of very long chain fatty acids expressed in the PIS, was significantly reduced, and lipogenic genes, which are induced under conditions of reduced endogenous DHA synthesis, were increased in homozygous KO mice. The causal relationship between ADIPOR1 deficiency and Elovl2 repression, together with upregulation of lipogenic genes, was confirmed in vitro. Therefore, ADIPOR1 in the retina appears to be indispensable for ELOVL2 induction, which is likely required to supply sufficient DHA for appropriate photoreceptor function and survival.
Fibroblast CEBPD/SDF4 axis in response to chemotherapy-induced angiogenesis through CXCR4
Authors: Chi Jhih-Ying , Hsiao Yu-Wei , Liu Hai-Ling , Fan Xin-Juan , Wan Xiang-Bo , Liu Tsung-Lin , Hung Sheng-Jou , Chen Yi-Ting , Liang Hsin-Yin , Wang Ju-Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an essential role in supporting cancer progression. However, the details and consequent effects in response to the communication between CAFs and angiogenesis remain largely uninvestigated, especially in anticancer drug treatments. We found that cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil could induce fibroblast differentiation toward myofibroblasts via CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD) and consequently promote proliferation, migration, and in vitro tube formation of vascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis in vivo. Stromal-cell-derived factor 4 (SDF4) is responsive to anticancer drugs via CEBPD activation in CAFs and contributes to create a permissive environment for tumor cell angiogenesis and promotion of distant metastasis. Importantly, we demonstrated that SDF4 interacts with CXCR4 to trigger VEGFD expression through the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 pathways in endothelial cells. Taken together, our novel findings support that SDF4 can be a therapeutic target in inhibition of angiogenesis for chemotherapy drug-administrated cancer patients.
The oncogenic E3 ligase TRIP12 suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal traits through ZEB1/2
Authors: Lee Kwok Kin , Rajagopalan Deepa , Bhatia Shreshtha Sailesh , Tirado-Magallanes Roberto , Chng Wee Joo , Jha Sudhakar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThyroid hormone receptor interactor 12 (TRIP12) is an E3 ligase most notably involved in the proteolytic degradation of the tumor suppressor p14ARF. Through this process, it is proposed that TRIP12 plays an oncogenic role in tumor initiation and growth. However, its role in other cancer processes is unknown. In this study, using publicly available cancer patient datasets, we found TRIP12 to be associated with distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer, suggesting an inhibitory role in metastasis. Following TRIP12 depletion, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) shift occurred with concomitant changes in EMT cell adhesion markers identified through RNA-seq. In line with EMT changes, TRIP12-depleted cells gained mesenchymal traits such as loss of cell polarity, dislodgement from bulk cells at a higher frequency, and increased cellular motility. Furthermore, ectopic TRIP12 expression sensitized cells to anoikis. Mechanistically, TRIP12 suppresses EMT through inhibiting ZEB1/2 gene expression, and ZEB1/2 depletion rescues EMT markers and mesenchymal behavior. Overall, our study delineates TRIP12’s role in inhibition of EMT and implies a potential suppressive role in breast cancer metastasis.
Undoped tin dioxide transparent electrodes for efficient and cost-effective indoor organic photovoltaics (SnO2 electrode for indoor organic photovoltaics)
Authors: Lee Jung-Hoon , You Young-Jun , Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Kim Sang Hyeon , Choi Su-Hwan , Kim Sungmin , Lee Sae Youn , Park Jin-Seong , Shim Jae Won 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are currently being investigated for small-scale energy generation from artificial light sources to power small electronic devices. Despite recent progress in increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of indoor OPVs, the widespread use of expensive indium tin oxide (ITO) as a transparent conducting electrode (TCE) leads to long energy payback times. This study provides a novel and comprehensive description of low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD)-processed indium-free tin dioxide (SnO2) films as inexpensive and efficient TCEs for indoor OPVs. These highly conformal and defect-free ALD-fabricated SnO2 films are applied to a poly(3-hexylthiophene):indene-C60 bisadduct-based OPV system. Under 1 sun illumination, an OPV with an SnO2 TCE exhibits limited operational capacity because of the high sheet resistance (~98 Ω sq−1) of the SnO2 layers. However, under a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp with a luminance of 1000 lx, the series resistance, which is related to the sheet resistance, has a marginal effect on the performance of the indoor OPV system, showing a PCE of 14.6 ± 0.3%. A reference OPV with an ITO TCE has a slightly lower PCE of 13.3 ± 0.8% under the same LED conditions. These results suggest that SnO2 TCEs can be efficient and cost-effective replacements for ITO TCEs in indoor OPV systems.
Loss of function mutations in GEMIN5 cause a neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Kour Sukhleen , Rajan Deepa S. , Fortuna Tyler R. , Anderson Eric N. , Ward Caroline , Lee Youngha , Lee Sangmoon , Shin Yong Beom , Chae Jong-Hee , Choi Murim , Siquier Karine , Cantagrel Vincent , Amiel Jeanne , Stolerman Elliot S. , Barnett Sarah S. , Cousin Margot A. , Castro Diana , McDonald Kimberly , Kirmse Brian , Nemeth Andrea H. , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Innes A. Micheil , Lynch Danielle , Frosk Patrick , Collins Abigail , Gibbons Melissa , Yang Michele , Desguerre Isabelle , Boddaert Nathalie , Gitiaux Cyril , Rydning Siri Lynne , Selmer Kaja K. , Urreizti Roser , Garcia-Oguiza Alberto , Osorio Andrés Nascimento , Verdura Edgard , Pujol Aurora , McCurry Hannah R. , Landers John E. , Agnihotri Sameer , Andriescu E. Corina , Moody Shade B. , Phornphutkul Chanika , Sacoto Maria J. Guillen , Begtrup Amber , Houlden Henry , Kirschner Janbernd , Schorling David , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Strom Tim M. , Leiz Steffen , Juliette Kali , Richardson Randal , Yang Ying , Zhang Yuehua , Wang Minghui , Wang Jia , Wang Xiaodong , Platzer Konrad , Donkervoort Sandra , Bönnemann Carsten G. , Wagner Matias , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Elbendary Hasnaa M. , Stanley Valentina , Maroofian Reza , Gleeson Joseph G. , Zaki Maha S. , Senderek Jan , Pandey Udai Bhan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGEMIN5, an RNA-binding protein is essential for assembly of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein complex and facilitates the formation of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of spliceosomes. Here, we have identified 30 affected individuals from 22 unrelated families presenting with developmental delay, hypotonia, and cerebellar ataxia harboring biallelic variants in the GEMIN5 gene. Mutations in GEMIN5 perturb the subcellular distribution, stability, and expression of GEMIN5 protein and its interacting partners in patient iPSC-derived neurons, suggesting a potential loss-of-function mechanism. GEMIN5 mutations result in disruption of snRNP complex assembly formation in patient iPSC neurons. Furthermore, knock down of rigor mortis, the fly homolog of human GEMIN5, leads to developmental defects, motor dysfunction, and a reduced lifespan. Interestingly, we observed that GEMIN5 variants disrupt a distinct set of transcripts and pathways as compared to SMA patient neurons, suggesting different molecular pathomechanisms. These findings collectively provide evidence that pathogenic variants in GEMIN5 perturb physiological functions and result in a neurodevelopmental delay and ataxia syndrome.
Achieving a high dielectric tunability in strain-engineered tetragonal K0.5Na0.5NbO3 films
Authors: Hao Lanxia , Yang Yali , Huan Yu , Cheng Hongbo , Zhao Yu-Yao , Wang Yingying , Yan Jing , Ren Wei , Ouyang Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUsing a modified Landau-Devonshire type thermodynamic potential, we show that dielectric tunability η of a tetragonal ferroelectric film can be analytically solved. At a given electric field E, η is a function of the remnant polarization ($$P_0^f$$

P

0

f

) and the small-field relative dielectric permittivity ($$\chi _0^f$$

χ

0

f

), which are commonly measured material properties. After a survey of materials, a large η~80% is predicted to be achievable in a (001)-oriented tetragonal (K0.5,Na0.5)NbO3 film. This strain-stabilized tetragonal phase is verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. (K0.5,Na0.5)NbO3 films based on this design were successfully prepared via a sputtering deposition process on SrRuO3-buffered (100)SrTiO3 substrates. The resulted epitaxial films showed a sizable $$P_0^f$$

P

0

f

(~0.21C m−2) and a large $$\chi _0^f$$

χ

0

f

(~830–860), as well as a large η close to the theoretical value. The measured dielectric tunabilities as functions of E are well described by the theoretical η(E) curves, validating our integrated approach rooted in a theoretical understanding.
Experimental authentication of quantum key distribution with post-quantum cryptography
Authors: Wang Liu-Jun , Zhang Kai-Yi , Wang Jia-Yong , Cheng Jie , Yang Yong-Hua , Tang Shi-Biao , Yan Di , Tang Yan-Lin , Liu Zhen , Yu Yu , Zhang Qiang , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) can provide information theoretically secure key exchange even in the era of quantum computers. However, QKD requires the classical channel to be authenticated, the current method for which is pre-sharing symmetric keys. For a QKD network ofnusers, this method requires$${C}_{n}^{2}=n(n-1)/2$$Cn2=n(n−1)/2pairs of symmetric keys to realize pairwise interconnection. In contrast, with the help of a mature public key infrastructure (PKI) and post-quantum cryptography (PQC) with quantum-resistant security, each user only needs to apply for one digital certificate from a certificate authority (CA) to achieve efficient and secure authentication for QKD. We need to assume only the short-term security of the PQC algorithm to achieve long-term security of the distributed keys. Here, we experimentally verified the feasibility, efficiency, and stability of the PQC algorithm in QKD authentication, and demonstrated the advantages when new users join the QKD network. Using the PQC public-key infrastructure, the nodes need to mutually trust only the CA to authenticate each other. QKD combined with PQC authentication will greatly promote and extend the application prospects of quantum-safe communication.
Entangled state generation via quantum walks with multiple coins
Authors: Li Meng , Shang Yun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGeneration of entangled state is of paramount importance both from quantum theoretical foundation and technology applications. Entanglement swapping provides an efficient method to generate entanglement in quantum communication protocols. However, perfect Bell measurements for qudits, the key to entanglement swapping, have been proven impossible to achieve by using only linear elements and particle detectors. To avoid this bottleneck, we propose a scheme to generate entangled state including two-qubit entangled state, two-qudit entangled state, three-qubit GHZ state and three-qudit GHZ state between several designate parties via the model of quantum walks with multiple coins. Then we conduct experimental realization of Bell state and three-qubit GHZ state between several designate parties on IBM quantum platform and the result has high fidelity by performing quantum tomography. In the end, we give a practical application of our scheme in multiparty quantum secret sharing.
Unsupervised learning predicts human perception and misperception of gloss
Authors: Storrs Katherine R. , Anderson Barton L. , Fleming Roland W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReflectance, lighting and geometry combine in complex ways to create images. How do we disentangle these to perceive individual properties, such as surface glossiness? We suggest that brains disentangle properties by learning to model statistical structure in proximal images. To test this hypothesis, we trained unsupervised generative neural networks on renderings of glossy surfaces and compared their representations with human gloss judgements. The networks spontaneously cluster images according to distal properties such as reflectance and illumination, despite receiving no explicit information about these properties. Intriguingly, the resulting representations also predict the specific patterns of ‘successes’ and ‘errors’ in human perception. Linearly decoding specular reflectance from the model’s internal code predicts human gloss perception better than ground truth, supervised networks or control models, and it predicts, on an image-by-image basis, illusions of gloss perception caused by interactions between material, shape and lighting. Unsupervised learning may underlie many perceptual dimensions in vision and beyond.
Droplet-based lab-on-chip platform integrated with laser ablated graphene heaters to synthesize gold nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing and fuel cell applications
Authors: Srikanth Sangam , Dudala Sohan , Jayapiriya U. S. , Mohan J. Murali , Raut Sushil , Dubey Satish Kumar , Ishii Idaku , Javed Arshad , Goel Sanket 
Published: May 2021

AbstractControlled, stable and uniform temperature environment with quick response are crucial needs for many lab-on-chip (LOC) applications requiring thermal management. Laser Induced Graphene (LIG) heater is one such mechanism capable of maintaining a wide range of steady state temperature. LIG heaters are thin, flexible, and inexpensive and can be fabricated easily in different geometric configurations. In this perspective, herein, the electro-thermal performance of the LIG heater has been examined for different laser power values and scanning speeds. The experimented laser ablated patterns exhibited varying electrical conductivity corresponding to different combinations of power and speed of the laser. The conductivity of the pattern can be tailored by tuning the parameters which exhibit, a wide range of temperatures making them suitable for diverse lab-on-chip applications. A maximum temperature of 589 °C was observed for a combination of 15% laser power and 5.5% scanning speed. A LOC platform was realized by integrating the developed LIG heaters with a droplet-based microfluidic device. The performance of this LOC platform was analyzed for effective use of LIG heaters to synthesize Gold nanoparticles (GNP). Finally, the functionality of the synthesized GNPs was validated by utilizing them as catalyst in enzymatic glucose biofuel cell and in electrochemical applications.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and risk factors in health care workers at an academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts
Authors: Kataria Yachana , Cole Manisha , Duffy Elizabeth , de la Cena Kyle , Schechter-Perkins Elissa M. , Bouton Tara C. , Werler Martha M. , Pierre Cassandra , Ragan Elizabeth J. , Weber Sarah E. , Jacobson Karen R. , Andry Chris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). We aim to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG among healthcare workers and compare risk-factors between seropositive and seronegative HCWs. In this observational study, serum samples were collected from HCWs between July 13th to 26th, 2020 at Boston Medical Center (BMC). Samples were subsequently tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay. Participants also answered a questionnaire capturing data on demographics, history of COVID-19 symptoms, occupation, infection prevention and control measures. Overall, 95 of 1743 (5.5%) participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Of these, 1.8% of the participants had mild or no COVID-19 symptoms and did not require a diagnostic test. Seropositivity was not associated with gender, occupation, hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE) practices amongst HCWs. However, lack of physical distancing among health care workers in work areas and break room was associated with seropositivity (p = 0.05, p = 0.003, respectively). The majority of the HCWs are negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG. This data highlights the need to promote infection prevention measures, and the importance of distance amongst co-workers to help mitigate infection rates.
Impact of sandwiched strain periodic multilayer AlN/GaN on strain and crystalline quality of a-plane GaN
Authors: Kamarundzaman Anas , Abu Bakar Ahmad Shuhaimi , Azman Adreen , Omar Al-Zuhairi , Talik Noor Azrina , Supangat Azzuliani , Abd Majid Wan Haliza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe demonstrated high-quality single crystalline a-plane undoped-gallium nitride grown on a nonpatterned r-plane sapphire substrate via metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. The effect of four different numbers of sandwiched strain-periodic AlN/GaN multilayers on the strain state, crystal quality, optical and electrical properties was investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the surface morphology was improved upon insertion of 120 pairs of AlN/GaN thin layers with a root-mean-square roughness of 2.15 nm. On-axis X-ray ω-scan rocking curves showed enhanced crystalline quality: the full width at half maximum decreased from 1224 to 756 arcsec along the [0001] direction and from 2628 to 1360 arcsec along the [1–100] direction for a-GaN grown with 120 pairs of AlN/GaN compared to a-GaN without AlN/GaN pairs. Reciprocal space mapping showed that a-plane GaN with a high number of AlN/GaN pairs exhibits near-relaxation strain states. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra showed that the sample with the highest number of AlN/GaN pairs exhibited the lowest-intensity yellow and blue luminescence bands, indicating a reduction in defects and dislocations. The a-plane InGaN/GaN LEDs with 120 pairs of SSPM-L AlN/GaN exhibited a significant increase (~ 250%) in light output power compared to that of LEDs without SSPM-L AlN/GaN pairs.