bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE OF THE CARHART NOTCH IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: BİLGİN Ergin , DİNÇ Aykut Erdem , ŞEVİK ELİÇORA Sultan , ERDEM Duygu , ALATAŞ Semih 
Published: August 2021

Objective
The false sensorineural loss caused by otosclerosis
due to stapes fixation is known as the Carhart notch.
To examine the changes in air-bone gap (ABG)
and bone-conduction (BC) hearing thresholds by
comparing the preoperative and postoperative
audiometry results in patients with chronic otitis media
(COM), to investigate the effects of air conduction
(AC) on BC, to determine the effects of postoperative
improvement in AC on BC, to detect the presence
of the Carhart notch in COM, and to determine the
effects of surgery on the Carhart notch.
Material and Methods
A total of 104 patients who underwent type 1
tympnoplasty between January 2012 - March 2017
in our clinic were included in this retrospective study.
Parameters measured during the preoperative and
postoperative sixth month audiometric evaluation
comprised AC hearing thresholds at the frequencies
of 250-8,000 Hz, BC hearing thresholds at 500-4,000
Hz, and ABG values at 500-4,000 Hz intervals.
Results
Before surgery, the Carhart notch was present in
46 (44.2%) of the 104 patients. Postoperatively, the
Carhart notch was observed to have been corrected
in 25 (54.3%) of these patients (p=0.029).
Conclusion
After tympanoplasty, significant improvement in ABG
may lead to improvement in BC at 2,000 Hz in COM
cases with an intact and mobile ossicular chain. The
Carhart notch may also be present in COM.
Insulta – între disfemism și marcă a proximității afective
Authors: Pașca Roxana 
Published: August 2021

Prezentul demers investigativ propune o analiză a insultei din perspectivă socio-, pragma- și psiholingvistică, avînd scopul de a releva caracterul complex al acestui tip de comunicare.
Pornind de la premisa că insulta, ca act reactiv de limbaj, este dependentă atît de intențiile emițătorului, cît și de felul în care colocutorul decodifică enunțul, am propus o taxonomie bazată pe scopul ilocuționar (insulte motivate—cu scop ilocuționar negativ sau pozitiv—și insulte nemotivate) și pe conținutul propozițional (insulte directe—în cadrul acestei categorii, am analizat inovațiile lexicale generate de pandemia de Covid-19, în special, utilizarea disfemică a adjectivului participial (substantivizat) covidat—și insulte indirecte).
Cu toate că discursul oral furnizează datele necesare manifestării insultelor, am ales drept corpus, pe lîngă secvențele selectate din emisiuni televizate, mesajele scrise pe diverse site-uri de socializare și secvențe excerptate de pe forumuri online, unde, sub protecția anonimatului, utilizatorii sunt dezinhibați și încalcă normele lingvistice social impuse, fără teama de a fi trași la răspundere pentru acțiunile lor.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF ZEUGMA AND SYLLEPSIS IN ADAGES AND FAMOUS QUOTES AS A KIND OF DISCOURSE GENERA
Authors: Hameed May Tahseen , Hameed Hind Tahseen 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: The study aims to explore zeugma and syllepsis in adages and famous quotes as discourse forms. This study also aims to determine if they are different figures of speech, if they are widely used in adages, famous quotes in literature, why they are employed in the text's message, and which type among their subtypes is most important prominent.
Methodology: The study follows the major categories of zeugma and Seagal’s model of syllepsis. This research is of theoretical type, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The data collection method is a library and refers to documents, books, and articles.
Results: The findings of this study indicated that they are widely used in this type of discourse, prozeugma is most prominent, and that they are different figures, while syllepsis is rare.
Application: These results will enhance the writer\speaker's appreciation ability and language performance by using the figure of speech as a tool in their message.
Novelty: The results of this study should be reliable in the field of discourse analysis when speakers \ writers want to deliver an effective and strong language.
IMPACT OF ONLINE CLASSES ON THE HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Sawhney Rahul , Singh Pranvat , Agarwal Govind , Sharma Shashank , B Dhanush , Karmakar Manali 
Published: August 2021

Purpose of the study: The paper discusses the impact of digital education on the health and well-being of students who have been taking online classes since the onset of COVID-19. The paper also investigates the authenticity of the media reports that have been reporting about the decline in students' health due to the extensive presence of screen time.
Methodology: The study is primarily descriptive research with a qualitative and quantitative investigation of the narratives related to health issues such as impaired cognitive functions, eye problems, orthopaedic disorders, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Google form as an online survey tool is used to collect data later compared with the media reports to conclude.
Main Findings: The findings conclude that students' responses corroborate with the narratives of emergent pathological culture reported by news agencies like The Times of India and The Hindu.
Application of the study: The present study will help sensitise the stakeholders of the society about the detrimental impact of online classes that might create ground for adopting immediate corrective measures for protecting the future of our nation.
Novelty/ Originality of the study: The study's novelty lies in its approach to offer a comparative study of the media reports and the students' responses to cognize the severity of the evolving health issues amidst the pandemic.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ О НЕРАВЕНСТВЕ ДОХОДОВ У ПОЖИЛЫХ В СТРАНАХ ЕС И РФ: ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ФАКТИЧЕСКОГО И ВОСПРИНИМАЕМОГО НЕРАВЕНСТВА
Authors: Фролова Елена Александровна , Кашапова Эльмира Рамисовна , Маланина Вероника Анатольевна , Касати Фабио 
Published: August 2021

В статье анализируется отношение населения к неравенству в старшем возрасте в европейских странах и России. Актуальность исследования обусловлена различиями в представлении о неравенстве и фактических его показателях, что оказывает влияние на востребованность государственных инструментов политики выравнивания, особенно старшим поколением. Целью исследования является оценка взаимосвязи фактического и воспринимаемого неравенства у старшего поколения в ЕС и РФ. Методы исследования: метод описательных статистик на выборках 8 волны Европейского социального исследования (ESS-2016) для возрастной группы 60+ лет в России и европейских странах. Для оценки фактического неравенства использовались данные World Inequality Database (2017) и данные ОЭСР (2018). Для оценки взаимосвязи субъективных и фактических показателей неравенства применен корреляционно-регрессионный анализ. Результаты: комплексная оценка восприятия неравенства у пожилых людей в РФ близка к средним значениям по странам ЕС. Между тем существуют отличия от среднеевропейских значений по оценкам равенства возможностей и уровню толерантности к неравенству, обусловленному личными усилиями и возможностями. Проведенные оценки корреляции между фактическими и субъективными показателями неравенства показали, что существует обратная корреляция между оценками стандартов жизни и легитимностью талантов и усилий, коэффициентом Джини и показателем уровня жизни (GDP per capita). Показатели фактического неравенства демонстрируют тесную прямую связь с рисками бедности пожилых людей. Не выявлена статистически значимая взаимосвязь дифференциации доходов и комплексной оценки восприятия неравенства.
Correlations of self-esteem with academic competencies and gender variations
Authors: Akoul Mustapha 
Published: August 2021

In psychology, self-esteem is a concept that is largely used and analysed in the scientific literature. The goal of this study is to assess, with validated instruments, the corollary links between students’ academic results and the nature of perceptions of their skills and self-esteem. A total of 255 student volunteers with an average age of 21 years (91 female students and 164 male students) were included. We opted for two types of surveys: a questionnaire (SEQ) developed by Duclos, which measures self-esteem in five domains, and a questionnaire on the perception of competence on three domains of training. According to the results, even though students displayed a low sense of competence in the face of modest results during training, their self-esteem in the ‘family and social’ domains stayed stable with good scores. The study concludes that every person achieves high self-esteem when they achieve successes that are equal to or greater than their ambitions.

Keywords: Academic results, corollary links, gender, perception of competence, self-esteem.
Identifikasi Pengetahuan dan Kompetensi Sains Siswa Berdasarkan Socio-Scientific Issues (SSI) pada Materi Sistem Koloid
Authors: Nurmilawati Siti , Agung Salamah , Murniati Dewi 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan kompetensi sains siswa berdasarkan socio-scientific issues (SSI) pada materi sistem koloid. Sebanyak 313 siswa kelas XII di empat sekolah yang mewakili SMAN se Kota Tangerang Selatan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan penelitian survey. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan adalah 22 item soal uraian. Data kuantitafif yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan penskoran dan diubah menjadi persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi sains siswa pada aspek pengetahuan dan kompetensi sains berada pada kategori cukup baik dengan persentase ketercapaian yang diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 58,39% dan 57,89%.
Kata kunci: Literasi, Siswa, Socio-Scientific Issues, Sistem Koloid
Rock Typing Based on Wetting-Phase Relative Permeability Data and Critical Pore Sizes
Authors: Yokeley Brandon A. , Ghanbarian Behzad , Sahimi Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

Summary
Rock typing based on mineralogical, hydraulic, or petrophysical similarities is important to reservoir characterization and simulation. In the literature, classifying rocks using single-phase data has been widely studied. Most methods use porosity and permeability measurements to identify rocks with similar characteristic pore sizes. In this study, we invoke concepts from critical-path analysis (CPA) and propose a new rock-typing method on the basis of two-phase flow data, such as water relative permeability krw. We classify rocks based on their similarities in the critical pore radius rc at the same effective water saturation Se. For this purpose, we first convert the Sw−krw plots to Se−rc curves and then apply a curve clustering method to identify similar rocks. To evaluate the proposed approach, we simulated flow in pore networks with many different pore-scale properties. By varying the pore-throat size distribution, contact angle, pore coordination number, pore-shape distribution, and clay content, we generated a wide range of pore networks. Overall, two-phase flow in 240 pore networks were simulated. In addition to synthetic pore networks, pore networks were generated based on properties of Berea, Mt. Simon, and Fontainebleau sandstones. By analyzing the single-phase simulation results, we identified 8 and 15 rock types using the porosity-formation factor and reciprocal formation factor-permeability data, respectively. However, using the two-phase data, we detect 12 rock groups.
Foam Flow in Different Pore Systems—Part 1: The Roles of Pore Attributes and Their Variation on Trapping and Apparent Viscosity of Foam
Authors: Adebayo Abdulrauf Rasheed 
Published: August 2021

Summary
Lateral propagation of foam in heterogeneous reservoirs, where pore geometries vary laterally, depends on the roles of pore geometries on the foam properties. In this paper, the pore attributes of 12 different rock samples were characterized in terms of porosity, permeability, pore shape, pore size, throat size, aspect ratio, coordination number, and log mean of surface relaxation times (T2LM). These were measured from gas porosimeter and permeameter, X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT)-based pore-network models, thin-section photomicrographs, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) surface relaxometry. The samples have a wide range of porosity: 12 to 29%; permeability: 1 to 5,000 md; average pore size: 3.7 to 9 µm; average throat size: 2.4 to 8 µm; average aspect ratio: 1 to 1.7; average coordination number: 2.6 to 5.2; and T2LM: 9.4 to 740 ms. Nitrogen foam flow experiments (without oil) were then conducted on each rock sample using a specialized coreflood apparatus. A graphical analysis of the coreflood data was used to estimate the total saturation of trapped foam (10 to 66%), flowing foam (3 to 14%), and apparent viscosity of foam (3.2 to 73 cp). Trapped foam saturation and apparent viscosity values were then correlated with each of the measured pore attributes. The results revealed that all pore attributes, except aspect ratio, have positive correlations with foam trapping and apparent viscosity. The best correlation with trapped foam saturation was obtained when the most influential pore attributes (pore size, throat size, aspect ratio, and coordination number) were combined into a single mathematical function. Foam apparent viscosity also appears to be mostly influenced by trapped foam saturation, permeability, and coordination number of pore systems. Trapping is also likely enhanced by the presence of fenestral or channel pores. Furthermore, the shape and angularity of pores seem to facilitate snap-off and trapping of foam, because rock samples with angular pores trapped the highest foam saturation compared with other samples with rounded and subrounded pores. It was also shown that the correlation between trapped foam saturation (and foam apparent viscosity) and the absolute permeability of porous media may reverse at some high-permeability values (greater than several darcies), when one or both of the following conditions exist: (1) The aspect ratio of a lower-permeability porous medium is lower than that of a higher-permeability porous medium, and (2) the coordination number of a lower-permeability porous medium is higher than that of a higher-permeability porous medium. Finally, T2LM showed a good correlation with foam trapping, making NMR logging a prospective tool for pre-evaluating foam performance in targeted reservoir sections.
Influence of Non-commercial Fuel Supply Systems on Small Engine SI Exhaust Emissions in Terms of European Approval Regulations
Authors: Warguła Łukasz , Lijewski Piotr , Kukla Mateusz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The development and operation of road infrastructure requires machines and equipment driven by low-powered internal combustion engines. The authors of this paper examined five small spark-ignition engines. They used the most popular commercial design on the market, the Lifan GX 390, with a carburettor power system, and another commercial power unit with the most innovative power system, the Honda iGX 390, characterised by an electronically controlled carburettor flap. The remaining three tested constructions are proprietary solutions modernising the design of the Lifan GX 390 engine. The first is the application of an electronic injection and ignition system powered by gasoline, the second and third are systems powered by alternative fuels. Emissions tests were conducted under identical operating conditions on an engine dynamometer coinciding with European Union guidelines (Regulation 2016/1628/EU).The results of the tests showed that innovative solutions in most cases reduced CO,CO2, and HC emissions while increasing NOx compounds.
Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. The formula for the gravitational constant, the formula for the mass of the electron, the formula for the minimum distance of the gravitational interaction. The coincidence of the results obtained by the formulas and the experimental data.
Authors: Chernov Andrey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, a new concept is introduced into physics - gravitational cells. The gravitational cell hypothesis was organically integrated into string theory. As a result, using the Schwarzschild radius formula and the Coulomb formula, a gravitational formula in the region of black holes was obtained on the basis of two fundamental constants, and its exact value was determined. The value of the "usual" gravitational constant was also confirmed and the mass of the gravitational cell was obtained. The introduction of the gravitational cell hypothesis into string theory made it possible to apply Planck's constant to gravitational interaction. As a result, a formula for the energy of a gravitational quantum and a formula for the vibrational velocity of a gravitational string were obtained. On this basis, the formula for the mass of the electron was obtained and its value was calculated, which coincided with the experimental mass of the electron. According to the formula for the vibrational velocity of the gravitational string, the formula for the minimum distance of the gravitational interaction was obtained and this distance was calculated. This minimum distance of the gravitational interaction with absolute accuracy coincided with the known experimental data obtained when determining the Casimir effect (force).
A Quantitative Study for Evaluating Risk Factors in Routine Perioperative Assessment During Elective Bariatric Surgery Regarding the Development of Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Heymann Anja , Susewind Martin , Schneider Nathalie Michelle , Steffens Kevin , Spies Claudia , Pohrt Anne , Mueller Anika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is associated with long term physical and cognitive impairment. Identification of eligible biomarkers is desirable. In this subanalysis of data collected during the prospective observational CESARO study we investigate the relevance of preoperative organ dysfunctions on the onset of POD.Methods: N = 98 Patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery were screened for POD using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC). All preoperative assessed routine data including laboratory results were investigated for association with the development of POD.Results: Twenty percent of patients had POD of short duration. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSAS) as well as elevated BUN and low HKT were identified as predictors.Conclusion: POD incidence was comparable to other studies nonetheless our patients had only marginal risk factors. Here identified parameters might be another piece to the answer of the question: which are correlating biomarkers to the pathophysiologic process of delirium onset?
Analysis of Temperature Extremes over India Using Sheffield &amp; IMD Dataset
Authors: Sharma Anurag , Swami Deepak , Joshi Nitin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Temperature extremes significantly contribute to climate change; therefore, the analysis of temperature extremes is essential in detecting and attributing climate change. The present study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal variations in the temperature extremes over India, using 0.25° × 0.25° high-resolution Sheffield temperature gridded dataset for a period of 62 years (1951–2012). In addition, the spatial distribution, statistical relation and trend pattern of Sheffield’s temperature dataset is compared with 1°×1°, gridded temperature dataset of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). The mean of temperature indices show nearly similar spatial distribution in both datasets; however trend pattern of extreme indices show significant differences over different homogeneous temperature regions of India. There is mostly disagreement between the two datasets, for trend patterns of extreme indices at different homogeneous regions, but few grids show reasonable agreement for similar trend pattern. Both datasets reported a significant decreasing trend in TX10p (amount of cool days) and TN10p (amount of cold nights) at maximum grids for the 1951–2012 period. In addition, a significant increasing trend in TX90p (amount of hot days) and WSDI (warm spell duration indicator) at maximum grids during post-1981 and 1951–2012 is observed in both datasets. A comprehensive insight into different characteristics (spatial distribution, statistical relation and trend patterns) of Sheffield’s temperature dataset will help in understanding the applicability of Sheffield temperature dataset for climate modeling and prediction studies over India.
Genetic Algorithm Based Improved ESTAR Nonlinear Models for Modelling Sunspot Numbers and Global Temperatures
Authors: Gurung Bishal , Lama Achal , Rathod Santosha , Singh K N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) models are employed to describe cyclical data. As estimation of parameters of STAR using nonlinear methods was time-consuming, Genetic algorithm (GA), a powerful optimization procedure was applied for the same. Further, optimal one step and two step ahead forecasts along with their forecast error variances are derived theoretically for fitted STAR model using conditional expectations. Given the importance of the issue of global warming, the current paper aims to model the sunspot numbers and global mean temperatures. Further, appropriate tests are carried out to see if the model employed is appropriate for the datasets.
Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide in Biogas From Wastewater Treatment Sludge by Real Scale Biotrickling Filtration Desulfurization Process
Authors: Arıman Sema , Koyuncu Serdar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
High sulfur content in excess sludge impacts the production of biomethane during anaerobic digestion, mean-while leads to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) formation in biogas. This study aims to reveal the efficiency of the real-scale Biotrickling Filtration Process (BTF) in the removal of H2S in the biogas formed in the anaerobic digester. The biogas was produced by stabilization of the treatment sludges formed in the processes of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant with mesophilic anaerobic sludge digesters. It was determined that the anaerobic stabilization unit of the treatment plant was operated efficiently and the biogas with a high flow (18,123-21,383 m3/day) was formed during the operation of the plant. The H2S concentration in the biogas at the inlet of the BTF was 3,632 ppmv on average (2,900-4,400 ppmv) and 16 ppmv at the outlet. The elimination capacity of the system reached a maximum of 52.71 gH2S m-3h-1. As a result, a real scale BTF unit was found to provide a sufficient removal efficiency (97.84-99.90%) for H2S in the biogas.