bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiating count down - gamification of academic integrity
Authors: Khan Zeenath Reza , Dyer Jarret , Bjelobaba Sonja , Gomes Sandra F. , Dlabolová Dita Henek , Sivasubramaniam Shivadas , Biju Soly Mathew , Hysaj Ajrina , Harish Priyanka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAny problem is a problem until a solution is designed and implemented. This paper reports on a workshop that highlights preliminary work done by the working group on Gamification in the scope of European Network for Academic Integrity (ENAI), which aims to explore the possibility of developing and testing a gamified learning module on academic integrity values. In this paper, the group aims to look at proposing steps we are currently using to develop storyboards of scenarios for the first phase of the project, which were presented at the 6th International Conference Plagiarism Across Europe and Beyond 2020 held virtually in Dubai as a workshop. The study also presents updated findings and scenarios drawn from the workshop conducted and audience feedback, in the following sections that pave the way for the future stages of the gamification process. This serves as a guide to academics and researchers in academic integrity who may wish to study gamification and apply it to develop their own modules for their learning modules.
A systematic framework of modelling epidemics on temporal networks
Authors: Humphries Rory , Mulchrone Kieran , Tratalos Jamie , More Simon J. , Hövel Philipp 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present a modelling framework for the spreading of epidemics on temporal networks from which both the individual-based and pair-based models can be recovered. The proposed temporal pair-based model that is systematically derived from this framework offers an improvement over existing pair-based models by moving away from edge-centric descriptions while keeping the description concise and relatively simple. For the contagion process, we consider the susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) model, which is realized on a network with time-varying edges. We show that the shift in perspective from individual-based to pair-based quantities enables exact modelling of Markovian epidemic processes on temporal tree networks. On arbitrary networks, the proposed pair-based model provides a substantial increase in accuracy at a low computational and conceptual cost compared to the individual-based model. From the pair-based model, we analytically find the condition necessary for an epidemic to occur, otherwise known as the epidemic threshold. Due to the fact that the SIR model has only one stable fixed point, which is the global non-infected state, we identify an epidemic by looking at the initial stability of the model.
Adverse drug reactions in older adults: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Zazzara Maria Beatrice , Palmer Katie , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Carfì Angelo , Onder Graziano 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a common and potentially preventable cause of unplanned hospitalization, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. We aimed to review the classification and occurrence of ADRs in the older population, discuss the role of age as a risk factor, and identify interventions to prevent ADRs.

Methods
We performed a narrative scoping review of the literature to assess classification, occurrence, factors affecting ADRs, and possible strategies to identify and prevent ADRs.

Results
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are often classified as Type A and Type B reactions, based on dose and effect of the drugs and fatality of the reaction. More recently, other approaches have been proposed (i.e. Dose, Time and Susceptibility (DoTS) and EIDOS classifications). The frequency of ADRs varies depending on definitions, characteristics of the studied population, and settings. Their occurrence is often ascribed to commonly used drugs, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, digoxin, insulin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Age-related factors—changes in pharmacokinetics, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and frailty—have been related to ADRs. Different approaches (i.e. medication review, software identifying potentially inappropriate prescription and drug interactions) have been suggested to prevent ADRs and proven to improve the quality of prescribing. However, consistent evidence on their effectiveness is still lacking. Few studies suggest that a comprehensive geriatric assessment, aimed at identifying individual risk factors, patients’ needs, treatment priorities, and strategies for therapy optimization, is key for reducing ADRs.

Conclusions
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a relevant health burden. The medical complexity that characterizes older patients requires a holistic approach to reduce the burden of ADRs in this population.
Family planning program under low fertility: where to go
Authors: Gu Baochang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis commentary is intended to take China as a case to discuss the mission of the family planning program under low fertility scenario. After a brief review of the initiation of family planning program in the 1970s, as well as the reorientation of family planning program since ICPD in 1994, it will focus on the new mission for the family planning program under low fertility scenario in the twenty-first century, in particular concerning the issue of induced abortion among the others. Given the enormous evidence of unmet needs in reproductive health as identified in the discussion, it is argued that family planning programmes are in fact even more needed than ever before under low-fertility scenario, and should not be abandoned but strengthened, which clearly has nothing to do to call back to the program for population control in the 1970s–1980s, and nor even go back to the program for “two reorientations” in the 1990s, but to aim to serving the people to fulfill their reproductive health and reproductive rights in light of ICPD and SDGs, and to become truly integral component of “Healthy China 2030” Strategy.
Adapting ant colony optimization of compliant structures using elements with linearly varying cross-sections
Authors: Diab Nadim , Jouni Farah 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work addresses the design of miniature compliant displacement amplifiers. The optimum design of the compliant mechanism is generated through topology optimization of two-node frame elements with linearly varying cross sections using the Ant Colony Optimization technique. First, stiffness matrices that account for the change in the cross-section dimensions are formulated. Then, each element is assigned 5 independent ants that represent its design variables defined as the width and thickness of each of the two peripheral cross-sections in addition to the material density. Three case studies with customized cost functions are furnished; the first maximizes the amplification ratio, the second maximizes the output displacement, while the third maximizes both amplification ratio and output displacement simultaneously. The resulting micro-compliant amplifiers are more compact in volume and surpass their constant cross-section counterparts in terms of amplification ratio and output displacement while keeping relatively low internal stresses. The performances of all optimized topologies are verified through ANSYS.
Porosity dependence of elastic moduli of snow and firn
Authors: Sayers Colin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMeasurements of elastic wave velocities enable non-destructive estimation of the mechanical properties, elastic moduli and density of snow and firn. The variation of elastic moduli with porosity in dry snow and firn is modeled using a differential effective medium scheme modified to account for the critical porosity above which the bulk and shear moduli of the ice frame vanish. A comparison of predicted and measured elastic moduli indicates that the shear modulus of ice in snow is lower than that computed from single crystal elastic stiffnesses of ice. This may indicate that the bonds between snow particles are more deformable under shear than under compression. A partial alignment of ice crystals also may contribute. Good agreement between elastic stiffnesses of the ice frame obtained from elastic wave velocity measurements and the predictions of the theory is observed. The approach is simple and compact, and does not require the use of empirical fits to the data. Owing to its simplicity, this model may prove useful in a variety of potential applications such as construction on snow, interpretation of seismic measurements to monitor and locate avalanches and estimation of density within compacting snow deposited on glaciers and ice sheets.
The neglected nexus between competition law and human rights: standard of proof for pecuniary penalties
Authors: Yeung Joshua , Yeung Alex CH 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the standard of proof applicable in proceedings for imposing pecuniary penalties for violation of competition rules. Australia, New Zealand and the UK have chosen the civil standard. This unfortunately overlooks the safeguards required by the relevant human rights treaties in proceedings that involve the determination of a ‘criminal charge’. Conversely, Hong Kong has adopted the criminal standard, which may prove unworkable in these proceedings in which economic analysis is key. After analysing whether one may set this quagmire aside by asserting that these proceedings do not involve the determination of a criminal charge, it will be argued that the more plausible solution is to accept the criminal charge characterisation, limit the civil standard to the effects-based elements of the charge and apply the criminal standard to other elements. This will achieve a permissible proportionate derogation from the human rights safeguards. Similar bifurcated models have been adopted for charges such as public nuisance and harassment, and have successfully withstood human rights challenges.
Diffuse galaxy cluster emission at 168 MHz within the Murchison Widefield Array Epoch of Reionization 0-h field
Authors: Duchesne S. W. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Offringa A. R. , Pratt G. W. , Zheng Q. , Dehghan S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe detect and characterise extended, diffuse radio emission from galaxy clusters at 168 MHz within the Epoch of Reionization 0-h field: a$45^{\circ} \times 45^{\circ}$region of the southern sky centred on R. A.${}= 0^{\circ}$, decl.${}=-27^{\circ}$. We detect 29 sources of interest; a newly detected halo in Abell 0141; a newly detected relic in Abell 2751; 4 new halo candidates and a further 4 new relic candidates; and a new phoenix candidate in Abell 2556. Additionally, we find nine clusters with unclassifiable, diffuse steep-spectrum emission as well as a candidate double relic system associated with RXC J2351.0-1934. We present measured source properties such as their integrated flux densities, spectral indices ($\alpha$, where$S_\nu \propto \nu^\alpha$), and sizes where possible. We find several of the diffuse sources to have ultra-steep spectra including the halo in Abell 0141, if confirmed, showing$\alpha \leq -2.1 \pm 0.1$with the present data making it one of the steepest-spectrum haloes known. Finally, we compare our sample of haloes with previously detected haloes and revisit established scaling relations of the radio halo power ($P_{1.4}$) with the cluster X-ray luminosity ($L_{\textrm{X}}$) and mass ($M_{500}$). We find that the newly detected haloes and candidate haloes are consistent with the$P_{1.4}$–$L_{\textrm{X}}$and$P_{1.4}$–$M_{500}$relations and see an increase in scatter in the previously found relations with increasing sample size likely caused by inhomogeneous determination of$P_{1.4}$across the full halo sample. We show that the MWA is capable of detecting haloes and relics within most of the galaxy clusters within thePlanckcatalogue of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich sources depending on exact halo or relic properties.
Efficacy of Panax ginseng extract combined with cephalexin as a dry cow therapy
Authors: Beccaria Camila , Baravalle Celina , Silvestrini Paula , Renna María S. , Molineri Ana I. , Signorini Marcelo L. , Neder Verónica E. , Archilla Guillermo A. Suarez , Calvinho Luis F. , Dallard Bibiana E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate the efficacy of intramammary administration, at drying-off, of a Panax ginseng extract (PGe) combined with cephalexin (Ceph) on the post-calving bacteriological cure rate of pre-existing intramammary infections (IMI) and on the occurrence of new IMI during the dry period. In addition, milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) in the post-treatment lactation were evaluated. One hundred and eight late-lactation cows were randomly divided into two experimental groups and were treated at drying-off with Ceph alone or PGe combined with Ceph.Cure rates for IMI present at drying-off were similar for both treatments (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.33–2.74). Cure rates for Staphylococcus aureus were lower (OR = 15.4, 95% CI = 1.66–142.52) in quarters treated with PGe + Ceph than in those treated with Ceph alone. Intramammary infusion of PGe + Ceph at drying-off had no effect on preventing new dry period IMI (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.38–1.51), compared with infusion of Ceph alone. Milk production and SCC in the ensuing lactation were not affected by PGe + Ceph treatment. In conclusion, addition of PGe to dry cow therapy did not show any advantage over the use of dry cow therapy alone.
Echoes from the past: adjustment of aging former prisoners of war to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ginzburg Karni , Mikulincer Mario , Ohry Avi , Solomon Zahava 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine whether exposure to previous traumatic events is a risk factor for stress reactions during this pandemic. Capitalizing on a 29-year longitudinal study of Israeli ex-prisoners of war (ex-POWs) and combat veterans, we examined whether captivity is a risk factor for fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19-induced acute stress disorder (COVID-19 ASD) beyond the effects of combat exposure and other stressful life events. In addition, we examined the contribution of captivity experiences (severity of captivity, experience of solitary confinement, and suffering during captivity) and veterans' appraisal of the impact of their war-related experiences on adjustment to the current quarantine and isolation to fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 ASD.MethodsOne-hundred-and-twenty Israeli ex-POWs from 1973 Yom Kippur War and 65 matched controls (combat veterans from the same war) filled out self-report questionnaires 18 (T1), 35 (T2), 42 (T3), and 47 (T4) years after the war.ResultsFindings revealed that although ex-POWs and controls did not differ in their level of exposure to COVID-19, ex-POWS reported higher levels of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 ASD than controls. Suffering during captivity, measured at 1991, and participants' appraisal of the extent to which their war-related experiences affected adjustment to COVID-19 were significantly associated with fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 ASD.ConclusionsThe findings of the study demonstrate the long-term effects of exposure to traumatic experiences (captivity) during young adulthood on adjustment to an unrelated collective stress, such as COVID-19, 40 years later.
Leaving early or staying on? Retirement preferences and motives among older health-care professionals
Authors: Stattin Mikael , Bengs Carita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is a need for improved knowledge about how workplace conditions and organisational factors may obstruct or facilitate work in late life. By means of both quantitative and qualitative data, this study aims to explore retirement preferences among employees (aged 55 and older) in a large Swedish health-care organisation and to identify work-related motives influencing their retirement preferences. The quantitative analysis showed large variation in retirement preferences in the organisation. The qualitative results were summarised into two overarching types of motives for late and early retirement preferences, general and group-specific. The general motives were shared by the early and late preference groups, and included recognition, flexibility, health and work motivation. The group-specific motives were exclusively related to either an early or a late retirement preference. Criticism towards the organisation and strenuous working conditions were specific motives for an early retirement preference, while positive accounts of work and a wish to utilise one's own competencies as well as being financially dependent on work was stated as specific motives for wanting to retire late. The results illustrate the need to improve organisational practices and routines, as well as working conditions, in order to make an extended working life accessible for more than already-privileged groups of employees.
On symmetric intersecting families of vectors
Authors: Eberhard Sean , Kahn Jeff , Narayanan Bhargav , Spirkl Sophie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA family of vectors in [k]n is said to be intersecting if any two of its elements agree on at least one coordinate. We prove, for fixed k ≥ 3, that the size of any intersecting subfamily of [k]n invariant under a transitive group of symmetries is o(kn), which is in stark contrast to the case of the Boolean hypercube (where k = 2). Our main contribution addresses limitations of existing technology: while there are now methods, first appearing in work of Ellis and the third author, for using spectral machinery to tackle problems in extremal set theory involving symmetry, this machinery relies crucially on the interplay between up-sets, biased product measures, and threshold behaviour in the Boolean hypercube, features that are notably absent in the problem considered here. To circumvent these barriers, introducing ideas that seem of independent interest, we develop a variant of the sharp threshold machinery that applies at the level of products of posets.
COVID-19 infection in infant with severe CHD
Authors: Pexton Natalie , Svenson Amy , Bhat Deepti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe describe the case of a 2-month-old born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who presented with fever and vomiting and was found to be infected with the novel corona virus (COVID-19). He underwent treatment with supplemental oxygen, heparin, and dexamethasone. After a 6-day hospitalisation, he recovered remarkably well without major adverse effects.
Caribbean Slab Segmentation Beneath Northwest South America Revealed by 3‐D Finite Frequency Teleseismic P‐Wave Tomography
Authors: Cornthwaite John , Bezada Maximiliano J. , Miao Wenpei , Schmitz Michael , Prieto Germán A. , Dionicio Viviana , Niu Fenglin , Levander Alan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Caribbean plate subducts beneath northwest South America at a shallow angle due to a large igneous province that added up to 12 km of buoyant crust. The overriding plate lacks volcanism and exhibits Laramide‐style uplifts over 500 km from the trench. Here, we illuminate the subduction structures through finite frequency teleseismic P‐wave tomography and connect those structures to the Laramide‐style deformation on the overriding plate. We use a new data set collected from the Caribbean‐Mérida Andes seismic experiment comprised of 65 temporary broadband stations integrated with permanent stations from the Colombian and Venezuelan national networks. We identify three segments of subducting Caribbean plate with one segment completely detached from the surface. The timing of the detachment aligns with other regional events, including the uplift of the Mérida Andes, about 10 Ma. Slab buoyancy post‐detachment likely resulted in recoupling with the overriding plate, reactivation of Jurassic‐aged rift structures and subsequent uplift of the Mérida Andes. Mantle counterflow over the broken segment induced by rollback of the attached slab likely contributed to the uplift of the Mérida Andes. We conclude that the northern limit of subduction lies south of the Oca‐Ancón fault, though the fault itself may be the surface expression of the boundary. The southern limit of subduction lies south of our study area.
Ionospheric Signatures of Secondary Waves From Quasi‐6‐Day Wave and Tide Interactions
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA sudden stratospheric waring occurred in the southern hemisphere during September 2019, accompanied by an exceptionally strong quasi‐6‐day wave (Q6DW). We examine the ionospheric response using global total electron content (TEC) maps, with a focus on the short‐period variability (5–48 h). A Fourier analysis of the TEC data reveals ionospheric variations associated with the secondary waves due to the non‐linear interaction between the Q6DW and atmospheric tides. The largest signatures among them are related to the ∼29‐h standing oscillation, which is attributable to the Q6DW interaction with the migrating diurnal tide, with the maximum amplitude ∼8% of the zonal mean. Also detected are the signatures associated with the westward‐propagating ∼13‐h oscillation with the zonal wavenumber 1 (∼4%) and westward‐propagating ∼11‐h oscillation with the zonal wavenumber 3 (∼3%), both of which can be attributed to the Q6DW interaction with the migrating semidiurnal tide. The signatures related to the Q6DW interaction with the migrating terdiurnal tide and some non‐migrating tides are also observed. This is the first time that secondary wave signatures of the Q6DW‐tidal interaction are identified in ionospheric observations with predicted zonal wavenumbers and periods. The oscillations are symmetric about the magnetic equator with amplitude peaks at ±20° magnetic latitudes, suggesting that the oscillations are generated by the modulation of the equatorial plasma fountain.
A Numerical Study of Wave‐Driven Mean Flows and Setup Dynamics at a Coral Reef‐Lagoon System
Authors: Rijnsdorp Dirk P. , Buckley Mark L. , da Silva Renan F. , Cuttler Michael V. W. , Hansen Jeff E. , Lowe Ryan J. , Green Rebecca H. , Storlazzi Curt D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional mean wave‐driven flow and setup dynamics were investigated at a reef‐lagoon system at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, using the numerical wave‐flow model, SWASH. Phase‐resolved numerical simulations of the wave and flow fields, validated with highly detailed field observations (including >10 sensors through the energetic surf zone), were used to quantify the main mechanisms that govern the mean momentum balances and resulting mean current and setup patterns, with particular attention to the role of nonlinear wave shapes. Momentum balances from the phase‐resolved model indicated that onshore flows near the reef crest were primarily driven by the wave force (dominated by radiation stress gradients) due to intense breaking, whereas the flow over the reef flat and inside the lagoon and channels was primarily driven by a pressure gradient. Wave setup inside the lagoon was primarily controlled by the wave force and bottom stress. The bottom stress reduced the setup on the reef flat and inside the lagoon. Excluding the bottom stress contribution in the setup balance resulted in an over prediction of the wave‐setup inside the lagoon by up to 200–370%. The bottom stress was found to be caused by the combined presence of onshore directed wave‐driven currents and (nonlinear) waves. Exclusion of the bottom stress contribution from nonlinear wave shapes led to an over prediction of the setup inside the lagoon by approximately 20–40%. The inclusion of the nonlinear wave shape contribution to the bottom stress term was found to be particularly relevant in reef regions that experience a net onshore mass flux over the reef crest.