bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
925-P: Participation in Daily Physical Activity (PA) Improves Glycemic Control in Youth with T1D
Authors: LA BANCA REBECCA O. , VOLKENING LISA K. , DESROCHERS HANNAH , DASSAU EYAL , MEHTA SANJEEV N. , LAFFEL LORI M. 
Published: June 2021

Aim: PA is an important part of diabetes management. ADA recommends that youth with T1D participate daily in ≥60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA. We prospectively assessed daily PA in youth with T1D and compared demographic and diabetes variables according to frequency of PA ≥60 minutes/day.
Methods: Youth (N=125, ages 8-17) with T1D completed 3-day PA records every 3 months for 18 months. Diabetes treatment data and A1c were collected at the same time. For each youth, we calculated the % of days with ≥60 minutes PA and compared those with ≥60 minutes PA on &lt;50% vs. ≥50% of days. Youth with at least 6 days of PA data over 18 months were included. In analyses, baseline age, T1D duration, and pump use were used; mean values over the 18-month period for A1c, insulin dose, and BMI percentile were used.
Results: Youth (50% male, 90% white, 74% pump-treated) had a mean±SD age 12.8±2.5 years, T1D duration 6.0±3.2 years, and A1c 8.2±0.9%. Youth had a median of 16 (IQR 12-17) PA record days. The % of days with ≥60 minutes PA ranged from 0 to 100% (median 53% [IQR 35-71%]), with 59% of youth reporting ≥60 minutes PA on ≥50% of days. Youth with ≥60 minutes PA on ≥50% of days were younger (12.4 vs. 13.5 years, p=.02), had shorter T1D duration (5.2 vs. 7.0 years, p=.002), lower daily insulin dose (0.86 vs. 1.00 u/kg, p=.002), and lower A1c (8.1 vs. 8.4%, p=.03) than youth with ≥60 minutes PA on &lt;50% of days. There were no significant differences in sex (51 vs. 47% male, p=.64), race/ethnicity (93 vs. 84% white, p=.11), BMI percentile (69 vs. 70%, p=.85), or pump use (74 vs. 73%, p=.82) between those with ≥60 minutes PA on ≥50% vs. &lt;50% of days. There was a notable temporal difference in youth having ≥60 min PA on ≥50% of days in the summer (75%), fall (51%), winter (58%), and spring (65%), respectively (p=.004).
Conclusion: A substantial proportion of youth with T1D do not exercise per recommendations. Given associations of PA with lower A1c, additional efforts to support exercise management in T1D are needed along with support for PA throughout the year.

Disclosure
R. O. La banca: None. L. K. Volkening: None. H. Desrochers: None. E. Dassau: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. S. N. Mehta: None. L. M. Laffel: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Dompe, Insulogic LLC, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Laxmi Therapeutic Devices, LifeScan, Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Provention Bio, Inc.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (K12DK094721, P30DK036836); Iacocca Family Foundation
934-P: HbA1c Trajectories across Childhood through Emerging Adulthood Vary as a Function of Race Crossed with Income, Education, and Type of Health Insurance
Authors: MELLO DANIEL , RAYMOND JENNIFER , TORRES SANCHEZ ALEJANDRA , MAIN ALEXANDRA , WIEBE DEBORAH 
Published: June 2021

Among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), non-Latino Whites, and those from higher socioeconomic status (SES) homes, typically show lower average HbA1c (A1c) levels, and slower deterioration in A1c across childhood through emerging adulthood. However, different SES metrics (income, educational achievement, type of health insurance) may have unique associations with T1D management, and the complex interplay between race/ethnicity and multiple SES metrics in T1D across development has yet to be systematically examined. This study investigated how a diverse sample of youth with T1D may vary in A1c across childhood through emerging adulthood as a function of multiple SES metrics. Medical records from a metropolitan clinic serving socioeconomically, ethnically, and racially diverse youth (N = 614; 36.7% Latino, 18.6% non-Latino White, 6.8% Black, 3% Asian/Pacific Islander, 35% Other Race/Multiracial; 48.9% Female) were coupled with US Census Tract data to index important measures of SES: Median neighborhood household income, % of the population with ≥ high school education (from US Census Tract data); type of health insurance: Private vs. Public/No Insurance (from medical records). Black youth had higher average A1c than Whites, Latinos, and Asian/Pacific Islanders, even after controlling for SES. Latinos had slower deterioration in A1c than all other racial groups across development, but this disappears after covarying SES. Income, education, and type of health insurance individually linked only to average A1c, with no associations to trajectories, but only insurance remained predictive of average A1c when all SES metrics are simultaneously covaried. Ethnic comparisons in average A1c and trajectories across development varied depending on income, education, and insurance status between groups, providing new insight for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to help youth properly manage T1D.

Disclosure
D. Mello: None. J. Raymond: None. A. Torres sanchez: None. A. Main: None. D. Wiebe: None.
945-P: Elevated Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes According to the WHO Criteria: Importance of Obesity
Authors: BIRUKOV ANNA , GLINTBORG DORTE , SCHULZE MATTHIAS B. , JENSEN TINA K. , ANDERSEN LOUISE B. , KRÄKER KRISTIN , POLEMITI ELLI , JENSEN BOYE L. , JOERGENSEN JAN S. , DECHEND RALF , ANDERSEN MARIANNE S. 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Hypertension before and during early pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in retrospective analyses. We investigated the prospective blood pressure patterns in a population-based cohort of pregnant women, who were stratified according to their metabolic status in early 3rd trimester.
Research Design and Methods: We recorded blood pressure longitudinally during pregnancy in 1,230 women from the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark. Fasting glucose and insulin were measured at gestational weeks 28-30. Metabolic status was evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 threshold for GDM (GDM-WHO: fasting plasma glucose ≥5.1 mmol/l), insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Relationships between metabolic status in 3rd trimester and blood pressure trajectories throughout pregnancy were evaluated with adjusted linear mixed models.
Results: GDM-WHO prevalence was high, 40% (498/1,230). Significant associations between GDM-WHO and blood pressure were seen only in overweight women, with 2.48 (1.08; 3.88) mmHg higher systolic and 1.58 (0.57; 2.58) mmHg higher diastolic trajectories in women with GDM-WHO compared with differences of -0.38 (-1.51; 0.75) and 0.03 (-0.83; 0.89) mmHg in lean women with GDM-WHO. The associations were independent of progression to gestational hypertension. Blood pressure trajectories in pregnancy were elevated across insulin and HOMA-IR quartiles.
Conclusions: GDM-WHO was associated with moderate elevations of blood pressure troughout pregnancy. The relationships were independent of progression to overt gestational hypertension, but largely modified by overweight status.

Disclosure
A. Birukov: None. R. Dechend: None. M. S. Andersen: None. D. Glintborg: None. M. B. Schulze: None. T. K. Jensen: None. L. B. Andersen: None. K. Kräker: None. E. Polemiti: None. B. L. Jensen: None. J. S. Joergensen: None.

Funding
German Ministry of Education and Research; State of Brandenburg (82DZD00302)
948-P: Serum Elabela Is Associated with Inflammatory Abnormalities in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: CHEN YANNA , SHI MIN , ZHANG HONG 
Published: June 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common disease in pregnant women, which mechanisms remain unclear. Apelin-APJ system contributes to the energy homeostasis in middle and terminal pregnancy. Elabela (ELA) is another endogenous ligand of apelin receptor (APJ), which is expressed highly in the placenta. Few studies have focused on the role of ELA in GDM and the association between ELA and inflammatory cytokines. In this study we mainly compare the concentrations of serum Elabela between 33 diabetes pregnant women (GDM group) with 33 healthy pregnant women (control group). The inflammatory biomarkers including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured and evaluated the relationship with ELA. There were significant differences in serum Elabela (P&lt;0.05), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), one-hour glucose, two-hour glucose in the OGTT (P&lt;0.001), HOMA-IR (P&lt;0.001), cytokine IL-1β(P&lt;0.05) between GDM group and control group. ELA had significant correlations with FPG (r=-0.254, P=0.039), fasting insulin (r=-0.258, P=0.036), HOMA-IR (r=-0.275, P=0.026), and IL-1β (r=-0.789, P=0.000). And stepwise multiple linear regression analysis presented IL-1β and FPG most significantly affected the ELA levels. This study showed that decreased ELA levels were significantly associated with increased glucose levels and insulin resistance in GDM, which might be mediated by inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β. Serum ELA levels might be a clinical biomarker for GDM.

Disclosure
Y. Chen: None. M. Shi: None. H. Zhang: None.

Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81200595, 81400807)
963-P: Preconception Counseling in Women with Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: ROBERTS ALISSA J. , SAUDER KATHERINE A. , STAFFORD JEANETTE M. , MALIK FAISAL , PIHOKER CATHERINE , BOGHOSSIAN NANSI S. , EHRLICH SHELLEY R. , PETTITT DAVID J. , DABELEA DANA , BELLATORRE ANNA , DAGOSTINO RALPH , JENSEN ELIZABETH T. 
Published: June 2021

Preconception counseling is recommended for all women with diabetes, starting at puberty, with a focus on achieving glycemic targets and improving maternal and fetal outcomes through educating women about pregnancy planning. We examined self-reported receipt of preconception counseling and its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors in 648 female adolescents and young adult participants with diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study in 2016-2019. Crude (Chi-square and t-tests) and adjusted (logistic regression) associations were evaluated. At a mean age of 22.4 (SD 4.5) years, 31.9% were receiving diabetes care from a pediatric provider, 51.1% from an adult provider, and 17.0% from a provider who treats all ages. Only 55.4% reported ever receiving preconception counseling, which significantly differed by provider type (p&gt;0.001). Receipt of preconception counseling was lowest among women seeing pediatric providers (38.6%) versus adult (63.1%) or all-age providers (63.6%), but differences were attenuated after adjustment for age, diabetes type, race/ethnicity, insurance type, and clinical site. With adjustment, older vs. younger age (aOR 1.20; 95% CI 1.13-1.26), type 1 vs. type 2 diabetes (aOR 1.62; 95% CI 1.02-2.56), and public vs. private health insurance (aOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.31-3.29) were associated with increased odds of reporting preconception counseling. Approximately half of female adolescents and young adults with diabetes reported not receiving preconception counseling, especially those who were younger, had type 2 diabetes or had private health insurance. Efforts to consistently deliver preconception counseling are warranted to reduce the risk for adverse pregnancy complications in this population, as well as avert substantial health issues and associated cost burdens in offspring.

Disclosure
A. J. Roberts: None. A. Bellatorre: None. R. Dagostino: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Biogen, Daiichi Sankyo. E. T. Jensen: None. K. A. Sauder: None. J. M. Stafford: None. F. Malik: None. C. Pihoker: None. N. S. Boghossian: None. S. R. Ehrlich: None. D. J. Pettitt: None. D. Dabelea: None.

Funding
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1UC4DK108173); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1U18DP006131, U18DP006133, U18DP006134, U18DP006136, U18DP006138, U18DP006139)
969-P: Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Increased Biological Age
Authors: BAHOUR NADINE , AGUAYO-MAZZUCATO CRISTINA 
Published: June 2021

Chronological age (CA) is the age given in years since birth whereas biological age (BA) is based on quantifiable changes on a cellular level measured through biomarkers. BA has a strong correlation with morbidity and mortality accounting for individual differences in the rate of aging and longevity. Since type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, we hypothesized that BA would be increased in T2D diagnosed individuals and could be calculated with biomarkers from routine visits. In this study, we obtained deidentified data from three cohorts: (1) T2D (n= 686), (2) T1D (n= 540) (as a metabolic control) from Joslin Diabetes Center and (3) nondiabetics (n= 522) from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Ages ranged from 20-80 years and for analysis, persons with diabetes were matched by age and gender to subjects without diabetes. Eight clinical biomarkers significantly correlated with CA in people without diabetes (p-values from 1.1 x10-98 to 5.6 x10-3). The Klemera and Doubal method (KDM) was used to calculate BA and results were confirmed using multiple linear regression. We observed a strong correlation between CA and BA in people without diabetes (R2 = 0.94, p&lt; 0.0001) validating the biomarkers and KDM in our population. BA of people with T2D was, on average, 12 years higher than people without diabetes (p= 5.2 x10-187). BA of people with T1D was 15 years higher (p= 2.3 x10-236). The biomarkers with the strongest correlation to increased BA in T2D were systolic blood pressure (R2= 0.29, p&lt; 2 x10-16) and A1c (R2= 0.27, p&lt; 2 x10-16), suggesting that BA is dynamic and can be modified. Linear regression confirmed a significant increase of BA in persons with diabetes.
In conclusion, increased BA in people with diabetes suggests accelerated aging, a critical concept for integrating the cellular understanding of aging with the environment and which can enhance future research on the relation between aging biology and diabetes.

Disclosure
N. Bahour: None. C. Aguayo-mazzucato: Consultant; Self; eGenesis.

Funding
Joslin Diabetes Center (to C.A-M.)
970-P: Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Repeated Measurements of Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Hemoglobin A1c
Authors: XU ZHE , WOOD ANGELA M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are mostly based on single measures of risk predictors. Few have considered incorporating repeated risk predictor measures. We aimed to investigate whether using repeated measurements of risk predictors improves CVD risk prediction in T2DM patients.
Methods: We analyzed primary care data (2004-2017) from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink for 83,910 individuals aged 40-85 years, with confirmed T2DM but without CVD before study entry. In a 2/3 derivation sample, we derived age- and sex-specific prediction models with predictors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), total and HDL cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), duration of T2DM, hypertension treatment, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and ethnicity. In stage 1, repeated measures of SBP, cholesterol, and HbA1c were summarized using: a) last observation carried forward; b) cumulative mean; c) longitudinal models with random intercept and slope. In stage 2, we fitted Cox regression models to predict 10-year CVD risk using summarized predictor values from stage 1 and last observed values for categorical predictors. Model performance was evaluated in a 1/3 validation sample.
Results: Compared with the model using last observation carried forward values, the cumulative means and the longitudinal model led to no substantial improvement in risk discrimination with changes in C-index by -0.0016 (95% CI: -0.0030, -0.0003) and 0.0011 (95% CI: -0.0001, 0.0023), respectively; the overall net reclassification was improved by 0.035 (95% CI: 0.009, 0.061) for the cumulative means model and 0.062 (95% CI: 0.033, 0.090) for the longitudinal model.
Conclusion: Incorporating repeated measurements of blood pressure, cholesterol, and HbA1c into CVD risk prediction models for T2DM patients slightly improves risk reclassification but not discrimination.

Disclosure
Z. Xu: None. A. M. Wood: None.

Funding
Alan Turing Institute/British Heart Foundation; UK National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
99-LB: A Phase 2b Study of Oral Insulin (Capsulin) Administered to Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: NEW ROGER R.C. , BOGUS MICHAL , TRAVERS GLEN N. , NAMJOSHI GAJANAN S. 
Published: June 2021

Data from 93 patients, divided into three equal groups, were used to compare the efficacy of three different doses of insulin - 75iu, 150iu and 300iu - administered twice daily in enteric-coated capsules containing Diabetology’s Axcess™ oral delivery formulation. The study was conducted in 16 centres in India, and comprised a population diagnosed with diabetes for less than two years, with an average BMI of 25.7 kg/m2 and a mean HbA1c of 8.14%. There were no concomitant medications employed other than metformin, whose dose was fixed throughout the study. The study met its primary endpoint of fall in HbA1c ≥0.5 with a high level of significance, and falls in fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were also noted. There was no weight gain in any of the groups over the three-month period. The group demonstrating the highest level of efficacy was the 150iu twice daily group, which was the original anticipated target dose, based on previous studies. The data support progression of Diabetology’s oral insulin programme towards conduct of large-scale phase 3 studies.

Disclosure
R. R. C. New: Employee; Self; Diabetology Ltd. M. Bogus: None. G. N. Travers: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Axcess Ltd, Diabetology Ltd, Proxima Concepts Ltd, Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Axcess Limited, Proxima Concepts Ltd. G. S. Namjoshi: None.
Penyusunan Konten Pembelajaran E-Learning Berbasis Aplikasi Moodle pada Materi Asam Basa
Authors: Sari Indah Permata , Zainul Rahadian 
Published: June 2021

This research was conducted to develop an e-learning platform using Moodle Application ofacid based topic. This is research and Development (R&D). The Development model used is a 4-D which consist of stage define, design, develop, and disseminate. This research is limited to the stage of development, namely the validity. The E-learning was Validated by 7validators. Data from validity the result were analized using the Aikens'V formula. Based onthe result of the study, it was found that the average Aikens’V of content validity test was0,84 with a category valid and the average Aikens’V of construct validity was 0,81 with acategory valid. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan konten pembelajaran e-learning berbasis aplikasi moodle pada materi asam basa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D). Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah model 4-D dengan empat tahapan yaitu define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Penelitian ini dibatasi pada tahap pengembangan yaitu penentuan validitas. Validitas dilakukan oleh 7 validator. Data diambil dari angket validitas lalu dianalisis menggunakan rumus formula Aikens’V. Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas konten menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata formula Aikens’V adalah 0,84 dengan kategori valid dan hasil validitas konstruk dengan rata-rata formula Aikens’V adalah 0,81 dengan kategori valid.
Agronomic response of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to organic soil and foliar fertilisation in a forest savanna transitory location
Authors: Jesulana Oluwasegun Samuel , Olowe Victor Idowu , Adeyemi Olusegun Raphael , Adejuyigbe Christopher Olu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Organic soybean is presently less than 0.1% of total world production partly because of inappropriate fertiliser regime on degraded tropical soils. Therefore, two field trials were carried out during the late cropping seasons (June – November) of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the agronomic performance of three soybean varieties: TGx 1448-2E, TGx 1835-10E and TGx 1989-9F as affected by foliar organic fertilisers: Arati Baja, Arati Nawoz, DI Grow, and soil applied organic fertiliser (Aleshinloye Grade B), and the control. The experimental design was Randomised Complete Block Design in a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement with three replications. Data were collected on yield attributes and seed yield of soybeans. Significant varietal difference (P < 0.05) in both years was recorded for number and weight of pods and seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, harvest index, and grain yield, except number of seeds per plant in 2018. Fertiliser × Variety interaction effect significantly (P < 0.05) affected above-ground plant weight and pod weight per plant in both years. On average, application of organic fertilisers resulted in grain yield (1.30–2.28 t/ha) comparable with Nigeria’s (0.97 t/ha) and Africa’s (1.37 t/ha) but lower than the world’s (2.85 t/ha) average values. The three foliar fertilisers and soil applied organic fertiliser enhanced seed yield of soybeans and are therefore recommended for soybean cultivation in the tropics.
The Study of Students’ Talents and Skills as the Starting Point in Narrowing the Skills Gap of Human Resources in the Tourism Sector
Authors: Skalska Teresa , Rękawek Anna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective: The article refers to the measurement of natural talents and skills of students in an internationalised environment and possible use of empirical research to modify university curricula. The article aims to determine how to design and implement skills models to increase education efficiency and to adapt the curriculum to the labour market expectations.

Methodology: The evaluation was based on three empirical surveys conducted among students of a highly internationalised university: the Gallup test measuring natural talents, the Filipowicz test (measuring skills) and a poll among students, diagnosing their expectations as to student apprenticeships and traineeships.

Findings: Using the aforementioned tools allowed to identify strengths of university students in tourism programmes and to indicate areas for improvement during education.

Value Added: The conclusions drawn from the survey allowed to confront students’ skills with employers’ expectations and to develop student support methods, e.g. through appropriate modifications of curricula and traineeship programmes. University courses were extended to include modules reinforcing students’ enterprise, the management of individual potential, cross-cultural communication and negotiating skills.

Recommendations: Such survey enables the creation of a talent bank among students where their talents – reinforced with the knowledge and skills acquired at university – will help develop their strengths and can be particularly useful in selected posts.