bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dizziness In A Tertiary Neurological Department： A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shen Youjin , Liu Wentao , Qi Xiaokun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Dizziness is a common and challenging condition among population. There is little published study which surveys the characteristics of dizziness of inpatients in the department of neurology.
Objective
This study was to investigate the inpatients with dizziness as the chief complaint in a neurology department.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of inpatients with dizziness attending a tertiary neurological department in Beijing. We audited 211 patients with dizziness as the chief complaint from 1841 patients discharged from our tertiary neurological department.
Results
The inpatients with dizziness as the chief complaint accounted for 11.5% of all inpatients. Dizziness was more common in women than in men (p=0.004). There were more patients presenting with vertigo (40.8%) and light-headedness (39.8%) than disequilibrium (17.1%) and pre-syncope (2.4%). Nausea (48.3%), vomiting (34.1%), headache (13.3%), walk unsteadily (13.3%) and ear symptoms (12.8%) were the most common accompanying symptoms. Hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease were the most common diseases in past medical history. Dix-Hallpike test (24.6%) and Romberg’s sign (11.4%) were positive in dizziness patients. Nystagmus (2.4%), vision changes (1.4%) and hearing disorders (8.5%) were relatively rare symptoms. MRI (60.2%), CT (31.8%), carotid duplex ultrasound (30.8%), echocardiography (28.0%) were common auxiliary examination. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (24.2%) and stroke/transient ischemic attack (19.0%) were common causes of dizziness. 97.2% of inpatients with dizziness can be improving after treatment.
Conclusion
Dizziness was a common and challenging condition. Vertigo and light-headedness were the most common dizziness types. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and stroke/transient ischemic attack were the common dizziness disorders. The prognosis of most patients with dizziness was good.
Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index Based on An SPR Silicon Core Fiber Sensor with a Fused Silica Grating Design
Authors: Yu Yi Lin , Kishikawa Hiroki , Liaw Shien-Kuei , Goto Nobuo , Liu Wen-Fung 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper proposed a fiber sensor based on a Silicon core fiber incorporated with a fused silica grating design. The proposed structure is a nice sensitive in refractive index and temperature variation through theoretical calculation and finite element method simulation. The sensitivities of the refractive index in different polarization directions are 1838.7 and 1949.8 nm/RIU, respectively, within the index range from 1.28 to 1.38 RIU. The temperature range within 15 to 40 oC has the sensitivity up to 1.6 nm/oC by using ethanol analyte. The proposed fiber sensor can provide a method or a solution for intelligent sensing systems.
Determining The Impacts of Educational Intervention Based on PLST Extended Care On Caregiving Methods and Improved Exposure To Challenging Behaviors of People With Dementia (PWD): A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh , Zahed Shakiba , Emami Maryam , Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Barekatain Majid , Hassanzadeh Akbar , Eslami Ahmad Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Psychological events in people with dementia (PWD) lead to behavioral disorders that require targeted planning for caregivers on how to adapt to these behaviors. A progressively lowered stress threshold (PLST) model provides effective interventions for caregivers to adapt to the behaviors of people with dementia (PWD). Therefore, this study aims to determine the impacts of educational intervention based on the progressively lowered stress threshold extended (PLSTE) model on the caregiving of people with dementia (PWD) in Isfahan, Iran.Methods: This exploratory mixed methods study was initially conducted with a qualitative approach to content analysis type from May 2016 to June 2018. Data were collected in a qualitative stage through in-depth nonstructured interviews with 29 People with Dementia (PWD)'s caregivers using the "new comment" command and then analyzed. The researcher designed a multisectional questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, knowledge measurement, and monitoring the practice of caregivers. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts, and its reliability was confirmed using the Cronbach alpha coefficient (knowledge section 0.838 and practice section 0.802). To adjust the intervention program, the educational content based on the PLSTE model was used for 38 caregivers available at two elderly nursing centers in Isfahan. The data were collected immediately and one month after the educational intervention using a questionnaire.Results: According to the results of the qualitative section of this study, the researcher was able to add a cultural and belief class and then the related intervention method to the PLST model. In the quantitative part, paired t-test indicated that the mean scores of knowledge, caregiving practice, and exposure to Challenging Behaviors (CB) in all dimensions of practice immediately and one a month after intervention were significantly higher than the mean scores before intervention (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Considering the impacts of this intervention, educating caregivers with PLST extended the care model is recommended, with a specific focus on cultural and traditional issues of society, to improve the knowledge and practice of caregivers in caregiving skills and appropriate exposure to challenging behaviors people with dementia (CBPWD).Trial registration No. IRCT20180421039370N1 -2019-01-11-http://www.irct.ir
Number of Antenatal Care Utilization and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression of 2019 Intermediate Ethiopian Demography Health Survey.
Authors: Arefaynie Mastewal , Kefale Bereket , Yalew Melaku , Adane Bezawit , Dewau Reta , Damtie Yitayish 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The frequency of antenatal care enhances the effectiveness of the program to reduce maternal and child mortality and morbidity. The aim of the study was to determine the number of antenatal care and associated factors in Ethiopia by using 2019 intermediate EDHS.
Methods
Secondary data analysis was done on 2019 intermediate EDHS. A total of 3,916.6 weighted pregnant women were included in the analysis. Zero-inflated Poisson regression analysis was done by Stata version 14.0. Incident rate ratio and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to show the strength and direction of the association.
Result
About one thousand six hundred eighty eight (43.11%) women were attending four and more antenatal care during current pregnancy. Attending primary education (IRR= 1.115, 95% CI: 1.061, 1.172), secondary education (IRR=1.211, 95% CI: 1.131, 1.297) and higher education (IRR=1.274, 95% CI: 1.177, 1.378), reside in poorer household wealth index (IRR= 1.074, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.152), middle household wealth index (IRR= 1.095, 95% CI: 1.018, 1.178), rich household wealth index (IRR=1.129, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.212) and richer household wealth index (IRR=1.186, 95% CI: 1.089, 1.29) increases the number of antenatal care utilization. The frequency of antenatal care was less likely become zero among women attending primary (AOR=0.434, 95% CI: 0.346, 0.545), secondary (AOR=0.113, 95% CI: 0.053, 0.24), higher educational level (AOR=0.052, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.367) in the inflated part.
Conclusion
The number of antenatal care utilization is low in Ethiopia. Being rural, poorest household index, uneducated and single were factors associated with low number of antenatal care and not attending antenatal care at all. Improving the educational coverage and wealth status of women is important to increase coverage of antenatal care.
Neutrons magnetic Mass
Authors: geilhaupt manfred 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Quantum Physics the Spin of an elementary particle is defined to be an „intrinsic, inherent“ property. The same to the magnetic moment (μ) due to the spin of charged particles - like Electron (me) and Proton (mp). So the intrinsic spin (S=1/2h-bar) of the electron entails a magnetic moment because of charge (e). However, a magnetic moment of a charged particle can also be generated by a circular motion (due to spin) of an electric charge (e), forming a current. Hence the „orbital motion of charge“ around a „mass-nucleus“ generates a magnetic moment by Ampère’s law. This concept leads to an alternative way calculating the neutrino mass (mν) while discussing the beta decay of a neutron into fragments: proton, electron, neutrino and binding Energy. The change of neutrons magnetic moment during the decay process based on energy and spin and charge conservation allows to calculate the restmass of the neutrino: mν = 0.10(20)eV.
Gloss and Modelling Studies of Stone Polishing, Using Linear Polishing Machines With Rotating Heads
Authors: Coelho Adriano Manuel Sá , Pereira José Carlos Garcia , Amaral Pedro Miguel Gomes Abrunhosa , Rosa Luís Manuel Guerra da Silva 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The ornamental stone industry has always played an important role in the world economy, particularly in building construction. Polishing the slabs to increase its gloss, is an important processing operation to enhance the beauty and richness of these natural materials. Many industrial polishing machines rely on rotating heads movement along zigzag trajectories, eroding the surface as stochastically as possible, to avoid scratches and other visual defects caused by paths too symmetric. The displacement of the polishing head after a single zigzag movement and after a single rotation have been used to quantify the polishing process as these two parameters are related with the final stone gloss and are a measure of the efficiency of the polishing process. Applying experimental and new computer simulation techniques, we studied the influence of these two tool displacement parameters on the final stone gloss, and acquired insight into the accuracy of the simulation techniques that were applied here for the first time. We concluded that: 1) a clear correlation can be established between experimental and simulation data; 2) the two displacement parameters represent an effective way to control the quality and efficiency of the polishing process; 3) there is a limit for the gloss acquired through polishing processes, so polishing above a given threshold decreases the efficiency without increasing the quality.
Association Mapping, Trait Variation, Interaction and Population Structure Analysis in Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Munshi Anilabh Das , Behera Tusar Kanti , JAT GOGRAJ SINGH , Choudhary Harshwardhan , Talukdar Akshay , Dash Prasanta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In several regions of the world, low productivity in this crop is attributed to several factors including poor understanding of the genomic complexity of important traits associated with fruit quality and yield. Therefore, genome wide association analysis was performed for important traits using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Significant variation was recorded for all the studied traits in 78 cucumber genotypes under two environments (open field and net house) which indicated that the constituted association panel was suitable for association mapping. Genotyping was done using 60 highly polymorphic SSRs. By performing genome scanning out of 60 SSR markers, using mixed linear model (MLM) approach 4 and 6 markers explained an average of 23.93% and 17.37 % of the trait variation under net house and open field condition, respectively. Based on MLM approach two markers on 3rd chromosome (UW084942) and 4th chromosome (UW062953) found to be associated with the average fruit weight (g) under both net house and open field condition. Population structure analysis revealed four distinct sub-populations that corroborated with the geographical origin as well as fruit quality and quantitative traits. The four sub-populations (A–D) had fixation index percentage (Fst) equal to 24.35 29.48, 37.17 and 8.97 respectively, supporting the existence of moderate population structures. Therefore, the extensive phenotypic and genotypic characterization, population structure, and markers associated with critical traits provided in this study will facilitate marker assisted improvement programs in cucumber.
Concentrations and Risk Assessment of Metals, Antifouling Paint Particles and Microplastics in Coastal Sediment of a Marina in Simon’s Town, South Africa
Authors: Sparks Conrad , Awe Adetunji 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Maintenance of maritime vessels includes the removal of paint from hulls that ultimately ends up the aquatic environment. Coastal maritime vessel maintenance is a source of metals, antifouling paint particles (APPs) and microplastics (MPs) that ends up in the coastal environment. Simon’s Town is a small urban town in False Bay, Cape Town, South Africa, where maritime activities take place (there is a naval harbour, marina and boat maintenance facility). The aim of this study was to measure metals, APPs and MPs in Simon’s Town, to assess the impact of maritime activities and a storm water pipe in a protected marina. Sediment samples were collected from 6 sites during winter 2018. Sediment and extracted APPs were analysed for metal content and MPs characterised based on type (visual and polymer), colour and size. Metal and MP fragment concentrations were highest at the slipway of a boatyard / maintenance facility, decreasing with increased distance from the slipway. MP filaments were highest close to the storm water outfall pipe. Our results suggest that boating maintenance facilities are potential sources metals and MP APP fragments, with storm water pipes potential sources of MP filaments. Various indices applied to assessed the potential impacts of metals and MPs, suggests that these contaminants have the potential to severely adversely impact the intertidal ecosystem investigated.
TGF-β1 Induced Deficiency of Linc00261 Promotes Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and Stemness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Modulating SMAD3
Authors: Chen Zhanjun , Xiang Leyang , Ou Huohui , Fang Yinghao , Xu Yuyan , Liu Qin , Hu Zhigang , Li Longhai , Huang Yu , Li Xianghong , Yang Dinghua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the metastasis and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Kinds of lncRNAs were found to be involved in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or stem-like traits in human cancers, however, the molecular mechanism and signaling pathways targeting EMT and stemness remains largely unknown. Previously, we found that linc00261 was down-regulated in HCC and associated with multiple worse clinic pathological parameters and poor prognosis. Here, we show that linc00261 was down-regulated in TGF-β1 stimulated cells, and forced expression of linc00261 attenuated EMT and stem-like traits in HCC.Linc00261 also inhibited the tumor sphere forming in vitro and decreased the tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, we revealed that linc00261 suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of SMAD3 (p-SMAD3), which is a core transcriptional modulator in TGF-β1 signaling mediated EMT and the acquisition of stemness traits. A negative correlation between linc00261 and p-SMAD3 was determined in HCC samples.Conclusion: Our study revealed that linc00261suppressed EMT and stem-like traits of HCC cells by inhibiting TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling.
AIDS-Defining Opportunistic Illnesses in Qatar, 2000-2016 : A Cohort Study
Authors: Ali Maisa , Gassim Mahmoud , Elmaki Nada , Goravey Wael , Alkhal Abdulatif , Almaslamani Muna , Alsoub Hussam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major health problem since discovery of the virus in 1981. Globally, since introduction of antiretroviral therapy, AIDS related death felt by more than 25% between 2005 &2011. Also, HIV related opportunistic infections (OIs) are less common, especially with use of prophylaxis to prevent such infections (3). We aim in this study to assess the incidence of HIV infection and related OIs in Qatar for 17-year period, and assess the spectrum of these infections, risk factors and treatment outcome.
Methods
retrospective cohort study for all HIV infected patients registered in Qatar from 2000-2016. Incidence of HIV infection and related opportunistic illness was calculated per 100000 population. Demographic and Clinical characteristic were compared between two groups of patients with and without opportunistic illness.
Results
of 167 cases with HIV infection 54 (32.3%) of them had opportunistic illness. The average incidence rate of HIV infection over 17 years is 0.69 per 100000 population, and the incidence rate for opportunistic illness is 0.27 per 100000 population, figure1. The most common opportunistic illness is pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) 25% of cases, followed by CMV retinitis 7.2%, Tuberculosis 5.4%, Toxoplasmosis 4.2% and less than 2% for Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma and cryptococcal infection.
A novel nanoparticle system targeting damaged mitochondria for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen Yue , Yu Lina , Zhang Jinyu , Yao Lifen , Yan Hongji , Tian Weiming 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMitochondrial damage is one of the primary causes of neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD). In PD patients, the mitochondrial damage can be repaired or irreversible. Therefore, mitochondrial damage repair becomes a promising strategy for PD treatment.MethodsWe use hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HA-NPs) of different molecular weights to protect the mitochondria and salvages the mild and limited damage in mitochondria. Our HA-NPs with 2,190 kDa HA can improve the mitochondrial function of SH-SY5Y cells and PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) knockout mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells. In cases of irreversible damage, we use NPs with ubiquitin specific peptidase 30 (USP30) siRNA to promote mitophagy. Meanwhile, by adding PINK1 antibodies, our NPs can selectively target the irreversibly damaged mitochondria, preventing the excessive clearance of healthy mitochondria.ResultsOur HA-NPs with 2,190 kDa HA can protect the mitochondria and salvage the mitochondrial function of the mild and limited damage conditions in both SH-SY5Y cells and PINK1 knockout MEF cells. NPs with USP30 siRNA and PINK1 antibodies can selectively target and promote the clearance of irreversibly damaged mitochondria both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsWe successfully designed and developed NPs for the treatment of PD that can target different stages of mitochondrial damage. This strategy is expected to overcome the problems associated with the excessive clearance of healthy mitochondria and has great potential for clinical applications. Our study provides a novel strategy for PD treatment.
PGE2 Promotes Neovascularization and M2 Macrophage Recruitment in Murine Wet-Type AMD Models
Authors: Wang Xiaolu , Zhan Pengfei , Cui Yuqing , Cao Yujuan , Bao Xun , Wu Meili , Yang Qian , Yang Jiahui , Zheng Haohan , Zou Jian , Xie Tianhua , Cai Jiping , Yao Yong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive chronic disease of the central retina, is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Activated macrophages recruited to the injured eyes greatly contribute to the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in exudative AMD (wet AMD). This study describes the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signalling on the M2 macrophage recruitment and CNV formation of wet AMD. In a mouse model of laser-induced wet AMD, the mice received an intravitreal injection of celecoxib (a selective COX2 inhibitor). Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), choroidal histology of the CNV lesions, and biochemical markers were assessed. The level of PGE2 expression was high in the laser-induced CNV lesions. M2 polarization and CNV development were significantly less after celecoxib treatment. E-prostanoid1 receptor (EP1R)/protein kinase C (PKC) signalling was involved in M2 polarization and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro. In addition, IL-10 was found to induce the proliferation and migration of human choroidal microvascular endothelial cells (HCECs). Thus, the PGE2/EP1R signalling network serves as a potential therapeutic target for CNV of the wet-type AMD.
Comparison of Statistical Models For Estimating Intervention Effects Based On Time-To-Recurrent-Event In Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial Using Open Cohort Design
Authors: Oyamada Shunsuke , Chiu Shih-Wei , Yamaguchi Takuhiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: There are currently no methodological studies on the performance of the statistical models for estimating intervention effects based on the time-to-recurrent-event (TTRE) in stepped wedge cluster randomised trial (SWCRT) using an open cohort design. This study aims to address this by evaluating the performance of these statistical models using an open cohort design with the Monte Carlo simulation in various settings and their application using an actual example.Methods: Using Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluated the performance of the existing extended Cox proportional hazard models, i.e., the Andersen-Gill (AG), Prentice-Williams-Peterson Total-Time (PWP-TT), and Prentice-Williams-Peterson Gap-time (PWP-GT) models, using the settings of several event generation models and true intervention effects, with and without stratification by clusters. Unidirectional switching in SWCRT was represented using time-dependent covariates.Results: Using Monte Carlo simulations with the various described settings, the PWP-GT model with stratification by clusters showed the best performance in most settings and reasonable performance in the others. The only situation in which the performance of the PWP-TT model with stratification by clusters was not inferior to that of the PWP-GT model with stratification by clusters was when there was a certain amount of follow-up period, and the timing of the trial entry was random within the trial period, including the follow-up period. The AG model performed well only in a specific setting. By analysing actual examples, it was found that almost all the statistical models suggested that the risk of events during the intervention condition may be somewhat higher than in the control, although the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The PWP-GT model with stratification by clusters had the most reasonable performance when estimating intervention effects based on the TTRE in SWCRT in various settings using an open cohort design.