bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoreline evolution from the Late Cretaceous to the Miocene: A record of eustasy, tectonics and palaeoceanography in the Gippsland Basin
Authors: Mahon E. M. , Wallace M. W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWell‐developed clastic shoreline systems have been deposited in the Gippsland Basin over a 70 Ma period, from the latest Cretaceous to the present day. Twenty‐three stacked coastal units have been mapped and described in the Traralgon and Balook formations of the Latrobe and Seaspray groups. These units are made up of prograding and backstepping shoreface deposits, which, in plan view, display well‐developed strandline geometries at the terrestrial–marine interface. Shoreface deposits are interpreted to include prograding beach, barrier island and transgressive beach deposits. The lower coastal plain is characterised by persistent deposition of coals despite changes in shoreface type and significant palaeoclimate fluctuations. These coastal deposits display approximately 123 km of transgression from the Late Cretaceous shoreline at the base of the study interval to the mid Miocene Yallourn Formation near the top. The Late Cretaceous and Palaeocene shoreline deposits individually prograde and are separated by flooding surfaces reflecting eustatic changes. Overall they display long‐term backstepping behaviour (retrogradation) as a result of basin subsidence. Though shorelines of the Eocene–Miocene are distinctly transgressional, probably reflecting basin subsidence, in the mid‐Miocene they become individually and collectively progradational. A series of unconformities in the Oligocene, coupled with Miocene progradation, likely reflects a combination of a compressional tectonic regime and glacioeustatic fluctuations. Despite major changes in the tectonics and palaeoclimate, basin subsidence appears to be the dominant driver for changes in shoreline location.
A pan‐metazoan concept for adult stem cells: the wobbling Penrose landscape
Authors: Rinkevich Baruch , Ballarin Loriano , Martinez Pedro , Somorjai Ildiko , Ben‐Hamo Oshrat , Borisenko Ilya , Berezikov Eugene , Ereskovsky Alexander , Gazave Eve , Khnykin Denis , Manni Lucia , Petukhova Olga , Rosner Amalia , Röttinger Eric , Spagnuolo Antonietta , Sugni Michela , Tiozzo Stefano , Hobmayer Bert 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAdult stem cells (ASCs) in vertebrates and model invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster) are typically long‐lived, lineage‐restricted, clonogenic and quiescent cells with somatic descendants and tissue/organ‐restricted activities. Such ASCs are mostly rare, morphologically undifferentiated, and undergo asymmetric cell division. Characterized by ‘stemness’ gene expression, they can regulate tissue/organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration. By contrast, analysis of other animal phyla shows that ASCs emerge at different life stages, present both differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes, and may possess amoeboid movement. Usually pluri/totipotent, they may express germ‐cell markers, but often lack germ‐line sequestering, and typically do not reside in discrete niches. ASCs may constitute up to 40% of animal cells, and participate in a range of biological phenomena, from whole‐body regeneration, dormancy, and agametic asexual reproduction, to indeterminate growth. They are considered legitimate units of selection. Conceptualizing this divergence, we present an alternative stemness metaphor to the Waddington landscape: the ‘wobbling Penrose’ landscape. Here, totipotent ASCs adopt ascending/descending courses of an ‘Escherian stairwell’, in a lifelong totipotency pathway. ASCs may also travel along lower stemness echelons to reach fully differentiated states. However, from any starting state, cells can change their stemness status, underscoring their dynamic cellular potencies. Thus, vertebrate ASCs may reflect just one metazoan ASC archetype.
Prediction of the effects of radiation therapy in esophageal cancer using diffusion and perfusion MRI
Authors: Wang Peiliang , Wang Xin , Xu Liang , Yu Jinming , Teng Feifei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChemoradiation therapy (CRT) of locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC), although improving outcomes of patients, still results in 50% of local failure. An early prediction could identify patients at high risk of poor response for individualized adaptive treatment. We aimed to investigate physiological changes in LAEC using diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early prediction of treatment response. In the study, 115 LAEC patients treated with CRT were enrolled (67 in the discovery cohort and 48 in the validation cohort). MRI scans were performed before radiotherapy (pre‐RT) and at week 3 during RT (mid‐RT). Gross tumor volume (GTV) of primary tumor was delineated on T2‐weighted images. Within the GTV, the hypercellularity volume (VHC) and high blood volume (VHBV) were defined based on the analysis of ADC and fractional plasma volume (Vp) histogram distributions within the tumors in the discovery cohort. The median GTVs were 28 cc ± 2.2 cc at pre‐RT and 16.7 cc ± 1.5 cc at mid‐RT. Respectively, VHC and VHBV decreased from 4.7 cc ± 0.7 cc and 5.7 cc ± 0.7 cc at pre‐RT to 2.8 cc ± 0.4 cc and 3.5 cc ± 0.5 cc at mid‐RT. Smaller VHC at mid‐RT (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.67, P = .05; AUC = 0.66, P = .05) and further decrease in VHC at mid‐RT (AUC = 0.7, P = .01; AUC = 0.69, P = .03) were associated with longer progression‐free survival (PFS) in both discovery and validation cohort. No significant predictive effects were shown in GTV and VHBV at any time point. In conclusion, we demonstrated that VHC represents aggressive subvolumes in LAEC. Further analysis will be carried out to confirm the correlations between the changes in image‐phenotype subvolumes and local failure to determine the radiation‐resistant tumor subvolumes, which may be useful for dose escalation.
Preparation and biological evaluation of new antimicrotubule agents: Modification of the imidazolidin‐2‐one moiety of phenyl 4‐(2‐oxoimidazolidin‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonates
Authors: Gagné‐Boulet Mathieu , Bouzriba Chahrazed , Chavez Alvarez Atziri Corin , Fortin Sébastien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe prepared and biologically evaluated 32 novel molecules named phenyl 4‐(dioxoimidazolidin‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonates (PID‐SOs) and ethyl 2‐(3‐(4‐(phenoxysulfonyl)phenyl)ureido)acetates (EPA‐SOs). The antiproliferative activity of PID‐SOs and EPA‐SOs was assessed on four cancer cell lines (HT‐1080, HT‐29, M21, and MCF7). The most potent PID‐SOs bearing an imidazolidin‐2,4‐dione group show antiproliferative activity in the nanomolar to low micromolar range (0.066 – 6 µM) while EPA‐SOs and PID‐SOs bearing an imidazolidin‐2,5‐dione moiety are mostly not active, exhibiting antiproliferative activity over 100 µM. The most potent PID‐SOs (16–18) arrest the cell cycle progression in G2/M phase and interact with the colchicine‐binding site leading to the microtubule and cytoskeleton disruption. Moreover, their antiproliferative activity is not impaired in vinblastine‐, paclitaxel‐, and multidrug‐resistant cell lines. Finally, our study confirms that PID‐SOs bearing the imidazolidin‐2,4‐dione moiety are a new family of promising antimitotics.
Alantolactone: A sesquiterpene lactone with diverse pharmacological effects
Authors: Liu Xin , Bian Lijuan , Duan Xiaoqin , Zhuang Xinming , Sui Yujie , Yang Longfei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlantolactone (Ala) is a sesquiterpene lactone that can be isolated from many herbal plants belonging to Asteraceae. Besides the antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi and viruses, Ala has also demonstrated significant anti‐inflammatory effects in various models by inhibiting NF‐κB and MAPKs to decrease the pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α. The antitumor effects of Ala have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo via inducing intrinsic apoptosis, oxidative stress, ER stress, cell cycle arrest and inhibiting autophagy and STAT3 phosphorylation, which are also involved in its combination or synergy with other antitumor drugs. Ala also has neuroprotective activity through attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, besides its modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the recent advances of the pharmacological effects of Ala, including anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, neuroprotective activities, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Ala might be employed as a potential lead to develop drugs for multiple diseases.
Human (in)security and psychological well‐being in Palestinian children living amidst military violence: A qualitative participatory research using interactive maps
Authors: Veronese Guido , Cavazzoni Federica , Fiorini Alec , Shoman Hala , Sousa Cindy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundResearch has widely evidenced the effects of war and political violence on the functioning of children, with a great accord in diagnosing children's psychological burdens related to their exposure to violence. Yet, within this literature, the influence of the chronic sense of insecurity on their psychological functioning during and after hostilities remains unexplored.MethodsThe present study aimed at exploring interrelated relationships between the perceived insecurity and the children's psychological well‐being and their adjustment to trauma. Based on drawings and walk‐along interviews with 75 Palestinian children, residents of both the West Bank and Gaza Strip, we offer an analysis of human security‐related risks and protective factors that contribute to either promoting or undermining the child's psychological functioning in a context characterized by chronic instability and political violence.ResultsA complex network of sources of security and insecurity emerged from the narratives depicting an ecological portrait encompassing the determinants of children's mental health and psychological functioning. The TCA led to the identification of eight main themes: school and associativism; social relations and house as a source of security/insecurity; military occupation as a source of insecurity; national and political identity as a source of safety; mosque and spirituality as a source of safety/unsafety; environment as a source of security/insecurity; and mental health.DiscussionAn approach encompassing human security as an explicative model can help in exhaustively portraying the complexity of the Palestinian children's suffering and their competence in adjusting to their traumatic reality. The study draws attention to social, political, environmental and economic determinants of children psychological well‐being.
Chronic long‐COVID syndrome: A protracted COVID‐19 illness with neurological dysfunctions
Authors: Baig Abdul Mannan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAfter almost a year of COVID‐19, the chronic long‐COVID syndrome has been recognized as an entity in 2021. The patients with the long‐COVID are presenting with ominous neurological deficits that with time are becoming persistent and are causing disabilities in the affected individuals. The mechanisms underlying the neurological syndrome in long‐COVID have remained obscure and need to be actively researched to find a resolution for the patients with long‐COVID. Here, the factors like site of viral load, the differential immune response, neurodegenerative changes, and inflammation as possible causative factors are debated to understand and investigate the pathogenesis of neuro‐COVID in long‐COVID syndrome.
Surgical closure, mainly with glue injection and anti‐tumour necrosis factor α, in fistulizing perianal Crohn's disease: A multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abramowitz Laurent , Brochard Charlène , Pigot François , Roumeguere Pauline , Pillant Hélène , Vinson Bonnet Béatrice , Faucheron Jean Luc , Senéjoux Agnès , Bonnaud Guillaume , Meurette Guillaume , Fayette Jean Marie , Train Cécile , Staumont Ghislain , Siproudhis Laurent , Bouchard Dominique 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimIn patients with fistulizing perianal Crohn's disease (CD), the need for a secondary surgical step is not defined. The aim was to assess the efficacy of surgical closure compared to a single seton removal in patients with drained fistulizing perianal CD treated with adalimumab.MethodsThis was a multicentre, randomized controlled trial, comparing seton removal + surgical closure (closure group) to seton removal alone (control group) with a stratification according to the American Gastroenterological Association classification. The primary end‐point was fistula closure at month 12 defined by the association of the following criteria: no seton, absence of a visible external opening, absence of discharge from the tract after finger compression, absence of an internal opening, absence of perianal pain/abscess and absence of fistula‐related abnormalities.ResultsAmong the 64 included patients (262 expected) (48 complex fistula, 75%), 33 were randomized to the closure group and 31 to the control group. In the closure group, 26 patients (78.8%) had glue. At month 12, overall fistula closure was achieved in 35 of the evaluable 58 patients (60%): 18/32 (56%) in the surgery group and 17/26 (65%) in the control group (P = 0.479). In the closure group, fistula closure was observed in 13/25 (52%) and 5/7 (71%) patients with complex and simple fistula respectively (P = 0.426), compared with 12/18 (67%) and 5/8 (63%), respectively in the control group (P = 1.000).ConclusionsSeton removal alone seems to be no more effective than a secondary surgical step (in particular glue injection) in patients having fistulizing perianal CD controlled by an initial drainage combined with adalimumab. The results should be interpreted with caution.
Examination of Changes in Echo Intensity Following Resistance Exercise among Various Regions of Interest
Authors: Vasenina Ecaterina , Kataoka Ryo , Hammert William B. , Ibrahim Adam H. , Dankel Scott J. , Buckner Samuel L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimWithin the resistance exercise literature, echo intensity (EI) is often quantified using different regions of interest (ROI).PurposeTo compare changes in the EI of images of the biceps muscle using different ROI immediately following exercise as well as 24 and 48 h following exercise.MethodsTwenty seven non‐resistance trained individuals visited the laboratory 4 times. One arm was assigned to the experimental condition, and the other was a non‐exercise control. During visit 1, paperwork and strength were measured. During visit, 2 participant's muscles were imaged before performing biceps curls. Additional muscle images were taken immediately after exercise, as well as 24 and 48 h post. EI was measured using three different ROI: 1) Trace around the entire muscle; 2) Small box placed in the middle of the muscle (2 × 2cm); and 3) Maximal rectangular box. Results are displayed as means (95%CI).ResultsThere was no condition (experimental vs. control) x time (pre, post, 24h and 48h) x box size (small, large, full trace) interaction (p = 0·592). However, there was a main effect for box size (p < 0·001). EI values were higher with the small box [28·2 (23·3, 33·1) AU] compared to the large box [26·8 (22·3, 31·2) AU, p = 0·016] and compared to the full trace [24·2 (20·3, 28·0) AU p < 0·001)]. In addition, EI values were higher with the large box compared to the full trace technique (p = 0·001).ConclusionSimilar changes in EI are detected when using different commonly used ROI for analysing EI. However, when larger ROI are examined, EI values appear to be lower.
Identifying negative sentiment polarity in the Judas technique
Authors: Fitzgerald Austin L. , Josimovich Jillian M. , Robinson Charlotte J. , Reed Robert N. , Currylow Andrea F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the context of conservation science and management, the Judas technique refers to outfitting an animal (a Judas animal) with a radio transmitter or other identifier so that its movements can be tracked to locate conspecifics. Although this term is commonly used, some consider it offensive due to historical associations of the word Judas with anti‐Semitic sentiments. Thus, the term has a negative sentiment polarity (i.e., the assertion that words can have positive, negative, or neutral connotations). We investigated the etymology of the Judas term in peer‐reviewed scientific literature to outline its contextual introduction and use. Prior to the term being co‐opted by conservation scientists Judas [animal] was a common term in the livestock industry to describe animals used to lead herds to slaughter. Subsequently, the term has been published and promulgated through conservation‐related research and the literature. Due to a negative sentiment polarity linked to this term, especially among members of the public, alternative nomenclature may be preferred to increase objective and dispassionate scientific communication.
Cervical cytology in the detection of uterine clear cell carcinoma: Diagnostic predictors from a case‐control study
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Dey Pranab , Bagga Rashmi , Jain Vanita , Suri Vanita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionUterine clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. The present study aimed to identify and describe its characteristic morphological features in cervical cytology.MethodsThis was a 3‐year retrospective case‐control study. Cases included cervical samples of histopathologically proven endometrial and cervical CCC. Controls included cervical samples of histopathologically proven endometrial serous carcinoma (n = 15), endometrioid adenocarcinoma (n = 20), and endocervical adenocarcinoma (n = 15). Twenty‐eight cytomorphological features were evaluated; the strength of association was determined by odds ratio (OR) and Cramer's V, and the diagnostic accuracy of statistically significant features was assessed.ResultsCases consisted of histopathologically proven 25 (34.7%) endometrial and 13 (18.0%) cervical CCC. Corresponding cervical samples were available for a total of 14 (36.8%) patients, of which 13 (92.8%) were positive for epithelial cell abnormality. On univariate analysis, three cytomorphological variables were significant predictors of uterine CCC: presence of dense cytoplasm (OR = 88; V = 0.72), deep nuclear membrane irregularities (OR = 17.5; V = 0.55), and coarse chromatin (OR = 21.3; V = 0.46). Dense cytoplasm had the highest positive predictive value (92%) and high specificity (97.8%), whereas coarse chromatin had the highest sensitivity (92.3%) and negative predictive value (96.7%).ConclusionsThe presence of dense cytoplasm and deep nuclear membrane irregularities in the tumour cells were strong predictors, and coarse chromatin a moderate predictor, of uterine CCC compared to its close cytological mimics.
Successful follicular unit extraction in a case of inactive, recalcitrant alopecia barbae
Authors: Kerure Amit , Deshmukh Nitika , Bansod Shashank , Sharma Aseem 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is a non‐scarring autoimmune type of alopecia. Hair transplantation in AA is not practiced as the implanted follicular grafts might be destroyed due to underlying autoimmune pathology. A biopsy proven 28 year old male patient of AA presented to us with an 8‐year history of a hairless patch over the beard area. He underwent many treatments by other dermatologist with oral, topical, and intralesional immunosuppressants, which curtailed his disease progression but failed to re‐grow hair. Biopsy during his visit revealed absence of inflammatory infiltrates and empty hair tracts replaced by fibrotic tracts. Follicular unit extraction (FUE) was done successfully after counseling the patient about the controversial role of hair transplant surgery in AA. Hair growth was achieved within 6 months with no recurrence during 1‐year follow up. FUE can be opted for long‐standing and clinically stable cases of AA; histopathology and dermoscopy being the guiding lights in determining the disease inactivity.
Elevated CO2 concentration improves the performance of an agricultural pest: a worrisome climate crisis scenario
Authors: Arantes‐Garcia Lucas , Maia Renata A. , Oki Yumi , Cornelissen Tatiana , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are central to the climate crisis and their consequences indiscriminately affect natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Among ecological interactions, those between plants and insects are among the most impacted by the elevation in CO2 concentration (eCO2). We selected a plant and an herbivore species of worldwide relevance and tested the hypothesis that eCO2 affects leaf quality and defences of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae), and negatively impacts the larval preference and performance of the important pest Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Plants and insects developed inside open‐top chambers under ambient CO2 (ca. 400 ppm) and eCO2 (ca. 800 ppm). Sunflowers under eCO2 grew more (e.g., increased height and had more leaves) but were of lower nutritional quality at an early developmental stage (e.g., lower nitrogen content, greater leaf thickness, and higher flavonoids content). Despite showing no preference for either treatment, H. armigera larvae performed better when fed with leaves from eCO2 plants. We argue this was observed because larvae under eCO2 sustained a greater leaf consumption, even when sunflower leaf quality became similar between treatments (by the 11th week after germination). Besides, they overcompensated a more deficient diet during early developmental stages and presented a higher growth rate; ca. 2.5× more individuals reached the pupal stage, and 4× more individuals became adults. The improvement in H. armigera larval performance under eCO2 indicates a worrisome scenario in which a species that already exerts a significant impact on ecosystems would increase its consumption, develop faster, and support a larger population size.
Dung beetles as hydrological engineers: effects of tunnelling on soil infiltration
Authors: Keller Nadine , van Meerveld Ilja , Ghazoul Jaboury , Chiew Li Yuen , Philipson Christopher D. , Godoong Elia , Slade Eleanor M. 
Published: October 2021

1. Soil infiltration capacity determines the partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and overland flow and is therefore an important soil hydrological characteristic. Water infiltration through soil is facilitated by macropores created by roots and soil macrofauna. In clay‐rich soils, such as those of the tropical forests of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, most infiltration occurs via these preferential flow pathways.2. We evaluated the effects of dung beetle tunnelling on infiltration and macropore creation (depth and width of the flow pathways) in tropical forest soils in Sabah. Using mesocosms, we applied three treatments (i) soil‐only, (ii) dung‐only, (iii) dung + dung beetles, and measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (i.e., the steady‐state infiltration rate) after 0, 5 and 10 days, and assessed depth and width of infiltration pathways by applying a blue dye tracer.3. The steady‐state infiltration rate increased in the presence of dung beetles, though differences among treatments were only statistically significant after 10 days. After 5 days of dung beetle presence, infiltrated water had reached a greater depth than the control mesocosms without beetles. However, there were no differences in the width of infiltration pathways among treatments.4. These results reveal the important, but under studied roles of dung beetles on soil hydrological functioning, that may have consequences for nutrient cycling and plant productivity. Further, our findings indicate that the novel application of an established hydrological method—blue dye tracer—can provide interesting and reliable results for macrofauna–soil interaction studies.