bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Information Dissemination Using the WeChat Communication Index: Retrospective Analysis Study
Authors: Fan Zina , Yin Wenqiang , Zhang Han , Wang Dandan , Fan Chengxin , Chen Zhongming , Hu Jinwei , Ma Dongping , Guo Hongwei 
Published: June 2021

Background
The COVID-19 outbreak has tremendously impacted the world. The number of confirmed cases has continued to increase, causing damage to society and the economy worldwide. The public pays close attention to information on the pandemic and learns about the disease through various media outlets. The dissemination of comprehensive and accurate COVID-19 information that the public needs helps to educate people so they can take preventive measures.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the dissemination of COVID-19 information by analyzing the information released by the official WeChat account of the People’s Daily during the pandemic. The most-read COVID-19 information in China was summarized, and the factors that influence information dissemination were studied to understand the characteristics that affect its dissemination. Moreover, this was conducted in order to identify how to effectively disseminate COVID-19 information and to provide suggestions on how to manage public opinion and information governance during a pandemic.

Methods
This was a retrospective study based on a WeChat official account. We collected all COVID-19–related information, starting with the first report about COVID-19 from the People’s Daily and ending with the last piece of information about lifting the first-level emergency response in 34 Chinese provinces. A descriptive analysis was then conducted on this information, as well as on Qingbo Big Data’s dissemination index. Multiple linear regression was utilized to study the factors that affected information dissemination based on various characteristics and the dissemination index.

Results
From January 19 to May 2, 2020, the People’s Daily released 1984 pieces of information; 1621 were related to COVID-19, which mainly included headline news items, items with emotional content, and issues related to the pandemic’s development. By analyzing the dissemination index, seven information dissemination peaks were discerned. Among the three dimensions of COVID-19 information—media salience, content, and format—eight factors affected the spread of COVID-19 information.

Conclusions
Different types of pandemic-related information have varying dissemination power. To effectively disseminate information and prevent the spread of COVID-19, we should identify the factors that affect this dissemination. We should then disseminate the types of information the public is most concerned about, use information to educate people to improve their health literacy, and improve public opinion and information governance.
Cranial Nerve Noninvasive Neuromodulation in Adults With Neurological Conditions: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Boughen Keaton , Neil Tyler , Dullemond Shayan , Lutowicz Kevin , Bilgasem Ahmed , Hastings Tyler , Brooks Dina , Vaughan-Graham Julie 
Published: June 2021

Background
Cranial nerve noninvasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) via translingual nerve stimulation (TLNS) is a promising new intervention combined with neurological rehabilitation to improve outcomes for persons with neurological conditions. A portable neuromodulation stimulation (PoNS) device rests on the tongue and stimulates cranial nerves V and VII (trigeminal and facial nerves, respectively). Emerging evidence suggests that CN-NINM using the PoNS device, combined with targeted physical therapy, improves balance and gait outcomes but has not yet been comprehensively reviewed.

Objective
This review will describe CN-NINM via TLNS and its applications, effects, and implications for rehabilitation science in adult populations with neurological conditions. We will identify how CN-NINM via TLNS is currently being incorporated into neurological rehabilitation and identify gaps in evidence with respect to this novel technology.

Methods
Joanna Briggs Institute methodology will be used to conduct this scoping review. Electronic databases MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science will be searched, as well as gray literature databases ProQuest, DuckDuckGo, and Google. Studies published in English and French between 2000 and 2021 will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts and full-text papers that meet the inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted and collated in a table to synthesize the results. Extracted data will be reported in a comprehensive summary.

Results
The final manuscript is intended for submission to an indexed journal in September 2021.

Conclusions
This scoping review will be the first, to our knowledge, to address the current evidence on CN-NINM. The results will inform the use of CN-NINM in neurological rehabilitation and the development of recommendations for future research.

Trial Registration
Open Science Framework 10.17605/OSF.IO/XZQFM; https://osf.io/xzqfm

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/29965
Predicting Writing Styles of Web-Based Materials for Children’s Health Education Using the Selection of Semantic Features: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Xie Wenxiu , Ji Meng , Liu Yanmeng , Hao Tianyong , Chow Chi-Yin 
Published: June 2021

Background
Medical writing styles can have an impact on the understandability of health educational resources. Amid current web-based health information research, there is a dearth of research-based evidence that demonstrates what constitutes the best practice of the development of web-based health resources on children’s health promotion and education.

Objective
Using authoritative and highly influential web-based children’s health educational resources from the Nemours Foundation, the largest not-for-profit organization promoting children’s health and well-being, we aimed to develop machine learning algorithms to discriminate and predict the writing styles of health educational resources on children versus adult health promotion using a variety of health educational resources aimed at the general public.

Methods
The selection of natural language features as predicator variables of algorithms went through initial automatic feature selection using ridge classifier, support vector machine, extreme gradient boost tree, and recursive feature elimination followed by revision by education experts. We compared algorithms using the automatically selected (n=19) and linguistically enhanced (n=20) feature sets, using the initial feature set (n=115) as the baseline.

Results
Using five-fold cross-validation, compared with the baseline (115 features), the Gaussian Naive Bayes model (20 features) achieved statistically higher mean sensitivity (P=.02; 95% CI −0.016 to 0.1929), mean specificity (P=.02; 95% CI −0.016 to 0.199), mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (P=.02; 95% CI −0.007 to 0.140), and mean macro F1 (P=.006; 95% CI 0.016-0.167). The statistically improved performance of the final model (20 features) is in contrast to the statistically insignificant changes between the original feature set (n=115) and the automatically selected features (n=19): mean sensitivity (P=.13; 95% CI −0.1699 to 0.0681), mean specificity (P=.10; 95% CI −0.1389 to 0.4017), mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (P=.008; 95% CI 0.0059-0.1126), and mean macro F1 (P=.98; 95% CI −0.0555 to 0.0548). This demonstrates the importance and effectiveness of combining automatic feature selection and expert-based linguistic revision to develop the most effective machine learning algorithms from high-dimensional data sets.

Conclusions
We developed new evaluation tools for the discrimination and prediction of writing styles of web-based health resources for children’s health education and promotion among parents and caregivers of children. User-adaptive automatic assessment of web-based health content holds great promise for distant and remote health education among young readers. Our study leveraged the precision and adaptability of machine learning algorithms and insights from health linguistics to help advance this significant yet understudied area of research.
Disonancia cognitiva ante el cambio climático en apicultores: un caso de estudio en México
Authors: Gallardo-López Felipe , Castellanos-Potenciano Blanca Patricia , Díaz-Padilla Gabriel , Pérez-Vázquez Arturo , Landeros-Sánchez Cesáreo , Sol-Sánchez Ángel 
Published: June 2021

El cambio climático en la apicultura se percibe como un fenómeno relacional y la adopción de estrategias de adaptación son necesarias para mantener la actividad económica. La teoría de la Disonancia Cognitiva de Festinger, ayuda a comprender las limitantes para la adopción de estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta que permitiera explorar la relación entre la percepción, la actitud y el comportamiento de los apicultores frente al cambio climático en territorio mexicano. Se observó que: 1) los apicultores identificaron el cambio climático como el principal problema de la apicultura; 2) existe disonancia entre la actitud y el comportamiento respecto a las estrategias de adaptación y 3) la disonancia cognitiva se reduce con justificaciones, para su comportamiento. Por lo tanto el estado de disonancia presente es una limitante para adoptar acciones de adaptación frente al cambio climático, dejando en evidencia la necesidad de modificaciones en el comportamiento de los apicultores, a través de la capacitación dirigida para informar y explicar la naturaleza del cambio climático y sus impactos; de ubicar al apicultor dentro de este contexto donde pueda aportar elementos técnicos que le permitan reorientar su trabajo, promoviendo una percepción objetiva y constructiva, que genere la actitud positiva suficiente, frente a los retos que el cambio climático representa; para que modifique el comportamiento lo necesario, para mantener la actividad rentable en México.
Урбанистика, городское развитие, современный опыт Бреста (Беларусь)
Authors: Власюк Николай 
Published: June 2021

В статье говорится об урбанистике, современных подходах к развитию и управлению городом на примере опыта города Бреста (Беларусь).
Качество городской среды и экологический подход, ско­ординированная работа городских служб стали основными приоритетами развития города. Разработка Стратегии про­странственного развития-2050, концепции СимбиоСити в увяз­ке с градостроительной документацией дали новый импульс развития областного центра, что является уникальным опытом взаимодействия городской власти, жителей города и бизнеса.
Великий Новгород. Концепт Археологического кластера - инновационный функционал развития туристической сферы города
Authors: Кулешова Галина 
Published: June 2021

Особенность настоящего момента состоит в том, что градостроительные работы разрабатываются под конкретные государственные программы, которые обеспечивают дополнительное финансирование городского развития. Концепция ревитализации посвящена повышению качества городской среды городского центра Великого Новгорода в целях развития туристической сферы и увеличения тури­стического потока, чему в настоящее время государством уделяется особое внимание. Создание Археологического кластера - одно из предложений Концепции, которое частично может быть реализовано уже в ближайшие годы, причем именно на направлении престижного интеллектуально-деятельностного туризма. Это не только увеличит значение Великого Новгорода в туристической индустрии, но и повысит его идеологическую роль в общероссийском культурно-образовательном пространстве1.
[1] Разработан в составе проекта «Разработка концепции ревитализации туристического центра Великого Новгорода в целях создания современной ком­фортной городской среды» [Муниципальный контракт №0350300011820000207 от 28 декабря 2020 года между МКУ Великого Новгорода «Управление капи­тального строительства» и ОАО «Российский институт градостроительства и инвестиционного развития» (ГИПРОГОР)], авторским коллективом архитекторов в составе: Ю.В.Барковская - главный архитектор проекта, П.К. Неустроева, А.Т Мамедов, Верховская М.А - главный специалист по историко-культурному наследию, Кулешова Г.И. - главный специалист по научно-инновационному комплексу.
Hak atas Pekerjaan bagi Penyandang Disabilitas di Sektor Publik: Antara Model Disabilitas Sosial dan Medis
Authors: Dahlan Muhammad , Anggoro Syahriza Alkohir 
Published: June 2021

The opportunity to fulfill the rights to work for persons with disabilities has been increasing since the ratification of Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Indonesia has adopted a “quota scheme” through the Law Number 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities where government institution has set a minimum quantity of two percent as the number of workers for persons with disabilities as affirmative action targeted at promoting human rights. This article examines the progress of the legal framework for persons with disabilities by using a case study in civil cervants in the public sector. We argue that despite Indonesia’s disability legal regime has pushed the social model of disabilities that promotes human rights-based approach, its implementation is still based on the medical model of disability, in which it sees persons with disabilities on physical condition, and thus, they are assumed to be able to work in a certain field determined by the government. This article argues that affirmative policy does not provide equal opportunities to persons with disabilities as the special formation and medical requirements prevent them from applying for occupations that match their interests and educational background. The use of the medical model of disability in providing employment opportunities in the public sector prevents the level of participation and the formation of an inclusive workplace environment.
Abstrak
Peluang untuk memenuhi hak atas pekerjaan bagi para penyandang disabilitas terus meningkat sejak ratifikasi Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Indonesia mengadopsi “skema kuota” melalui UU Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas di mana institusi negara menetapkan minimal dua persen jumlah formasi pekerja bagi para penyandang disabilitas sebagai tindakan afirmatif yang ditargetkan untuk mempromosikan hak asasi manusia. Artikel ini memeriksa sejauh mana kerangka kerja hukum disabilitas di Indonesia memfasilitasi pemenuhan hak atas pekerjaan bagi penyandang disabilitas dengan menggunakan contoh kasus pada penyelenggaraan ketenagakerjaan di sektor publik. Kami berpendapat bahwa meskipun rezim hukum disabilitas di Indonesia menekankan model sosial disabilitas yang mempromosikan pendekatan berbasis hak asasi manusia, implementasinya masih didasarkan pada model medis disabilitas yang memandang penyandang disabilitas berdasarkan kondisi fisik dan karenanya diasumsikan hanya dapat masuk pada bidang pekerjaan yang telah ditentukan oleh negara. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa kebijakan afirmatif tidak memberikan peluang yang setara bagi penyandang disabilitas karena formasi khusus dan persyaratan medis menghambat mereka untuk melamar pada bidang pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan minat dan latar belakang pendidikannya. Penggunaan model medis disabilitas dalam penyelenggaraan kesempatan kerja di sektor publik pada gilirannya menghambat tingkat partisipasi dan pembentukan lingkungan kerja yang inklusif.
Trikotomi Relasi dalam Penetapan Tersangka: Menguji Frasa “Pemeriksaan Calon Tersangka” Melalui Praperadilan
Authors: Marbun Rocky 
Published: June 2021

The Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 has placed restrictions on the investigator’s discretional action in determining a person as a suspect in addition to being based on two valid evidence, it is also based on the completion of an examination of a potential suspect. However, in the realm of legal praxis, the meaning of the phrase “examination of potential suspects” has been reduced by means of grammatical-lexical knowledge produced by the authorities. As a result, it raises the meaning that the phrase “potential suspect” is not known only based on the Criminal Procedure Code. The problem that will be discussed in this research is “how does the Trichotomy of Relation work in reducing the meaning of” Suspect Candidate Examination “in the pretrial process?” This study uses a normative juridical research method based on secondary data through literature study. In this study, in order to complement the normative juridical method, also use a semiotic approach and a critical discourse analysis approach. The results of this study indicate a pattern of power that produces knowledge of the phrase “Examination of Potential Suspects” in order to defend the interests of formal and instrumental proof.
Abstrak
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 telah memberikan pembatasan terhadap tindakan diskresional penyidik dalam menetapkan seseorang sebagai tersangka selain berbasis pada dua alat bukti yang sah, pun berbasis pada disertainya pemeriksaan terhadap calon tersangka. Namun demikian, dalam ranah praksis hukum, frasa “pemeriksaan calon tersangka” telah direduksi pemaknaannya melalui pengetahuan yang diproduksi oleh pemegang otoritas secara gramatikal-leksikal. Hal tersebut memunculkan pemaknaan bahwa frasa “calon tersangka” tidak dikenal hanya disandarkan pada KUHAP semata. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pola kerja trikotomi relasi dalam mereduksi makna ‘pemeriksaan calon tersangka’ dalam proses praperadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang berbasis pada data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan. Pada penelitian ini, guna melengkapi metode yuridis normatif, digunakan pula pendekatan semiotik dan analisis wacana kritis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya suatu pola kekuasaan yang memproduksi pengetahuan terhadap frasa “pemeriksaan calon tersangka” guna mempertahankan kepentingan pembuktian yang formilistik dan instrumental melalui penggunaan konsep yang lazim digunakan dalam KUHAP (langue) dan menolak konsep yang belum dikenal dalam KUHAP (parole).
Los hongos como elementos clave en la productividad del suelo, la agricultura y el bienestar social
Authors: Krystal Zúñiga-Castro  , Gerald Quirós-Cedeño  
Published: June 2021

Resumen: El desconocimiento y manejo incorrecto de la tierra en ciertas prácticas agrícolas representa un problema para organismos que contribuyen a la salud del suelo, como los hongos. El objetivo de la investigación es demostrar la importancia del uso de los hongos como elementos clave en la productividad del suelo, la agricultura y el bienestar social e incentivar su uso, conservación y protección. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un sendero de 1,5km en Finca Boquete-Sibü, Pérez Zeledón, un Bosque Pluvial Montano Bajo, donde se observaron diferentes especies de cuerpos fructíferos por nueve meses durante la época seca y lluviosa, anotando su nombre, sustrato, altitud, y se investigaron por medio de revisión bibliográfica sus funciones para la agricultura, el suelo y el bien social. Se observaron 25 individuos de 17 especies de hongos, los cuales tienen como función ser los principales descomponedores de la materia orgánica y recicladores de nutrientes, crear micorrizas, ser fijadores de nitrógeno y controladores de plagas, además de utilizarse para la biorremediación y como indicadores de la calidad del suelo. Adicionalmente, pueden ser utilizados como alimento, medicina, el arte o el turismo. El uso responsable de recursos naturales como los hongos permitirá la conservación del suelo y del ecosistema en general, además de aumentar la seguridad alimentaria y el bienestar social.
Three-dimensional assessment of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and clivus after tooth-borne and bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion:
Authors: Leonardi Rosalia , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Lagravere Manuel O. , Barbato Ersilia , Isola Gaetano , Lo Giudice Antonino 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To assess changes in spheno-occipital synchondrosis after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) performed with conventional tooth-borne (TB) and bone-borne (BB) appliances.

Materials and Methods
This study included 40 subjects with transverse maxillary deficiency who received TB RME or BB RME. Cone-beam computed tomography images (CBCT) were taken before treatment (T0), and after a 6-month retention period (T1). Three-dimensional surface models of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and basilar part of the occipital bone were generated. The CBCTs taken at T0 and T1 were registered at the anterior cranial fossa via voxel-based superimposition. Quantitative evaluation of Basion displacement was performed with linear measurements and Euclidean distances. The volume of the synchndrosis was also calculated for each time point as well as the Nasion-Sella-Basion angle (N-S-Ba°). All data were statistically analyzed to perform inter-timing and intergroup comparisons.

Results
In both groups, there was a small increment of the volume of the synchondrosis and of N-S-Ba° (P &lt; .05). Basion showed a posterosuperior pattern of displacement. However, no significant differences (P &gt; .05) were found between the two groups.

Conclusions
Although TB and BB RME seemed to have some effects on the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, differences were very small and clinically negligible.
THE PROBLEM OF EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SCIENCE AT THE MACRO LEVEL
Authors: Porev Sergiy , Smolynets Sofia 
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to solving the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of research and development systems of countries with the help of economic indicators that could be useful for solving the tasks of improving scientific policy and management, in particular in Ukraine.
It is noted that the main ones could be economic indicators of the effectiveness of research and development, which would represent the difference and the relationship between the sum of the prices of fragments of new knowledge and the cost of their creation. However, it is shown that the calculation of both of these components can hardly be accurate enough, due to the nature of knowledge formation and the peculiarities of their use.
It is shown that the publications number in Ukraine, especially in the case of social and economic sciences, is improved contrary to the decrease of funding and reducing the number of researchers. The growth of a publications number in Scopus can be explained mostly by the norms of the state power documents, as regard to scientific reports, and the award of scientific degrees and the assignment of academic titles. It is proved that at the macro level bibliometric indicators of publications have grounds not to reflect changes in human scientific potential and research funding, and in fact they are not equivalent to either cognitive achievements or economic results.
Indicators representing the direct ratio of industrial and business expenditures to total R&D expenditures, as well as a modification in which industrial and business expenditures are attributed to the sum of all other expenditures, are proposed. We think these indicators to some extent could represent the orientation of the research and development system of the country to meet the needs of the economy and technological development, its innovative orientation.
The originality of the approach is that we either limit ourselves to indicators that have economic meaning, or use their ratios, avoiding the comparison and combination of incommensurable entities. We believe that in evaluating the results of research and development, it is advisable to operate with the concepts of fragments of knowledge based on the ideas of classical epistemology and information as a means of mental and material cognitive communication. When creating new combinations of known economic indicators of research and development, we mean that their main result is the resulting fragments of new scientific knowledge, rather than secondary forms of publications, citations, financial expenditures, which may be non-equivalent to the main results.