bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of zero‐phase digital filtering for effective denoising of field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry signal
Authors: Li Junhui , Gao Wenqing , Wu Huanming , Shi Shoudong , Yu Jiancheng , Tang Keqi 
Published: October 2021

RationaleField asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has a great potential to become a portable technology for rapid detection of chemical and biological agents. However, the ion current signals, measured at the exit of the planar FAIMS directly, may contain different types of noises. The peak information in the FAIMS spectrum, such as the compensation voltage (CV) value at the maximum peak intensity (CVP) and the peak width at half maximum (Wh), could not be accurately determined under the weak signal condition, which significantly limits the achievable instrument sensitivity, and there are no existing solutions to the problem.MethodsThis study analyzed the noise type of FAIMS signal in detail, and three different signal processing algorithms, such as median filtering (MF), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and zero‐phase digital filtering (ZDF), were evaluated for their performance in denoising the FAIMS signal.ResultsThe results show that the standard deviation of CVp obtained from the signal denoised using ZDF algorithm is at least 31.82% smaller as compared to using MF and DWT algorithms. The standard deviation of Wh is at least 45.45% smaller using ZDF algorithm. Moreover, only ZDF algorithm can keep the percentage error for the CV value of the denoised signal to be within 0.50 ± 0.47% of the true CV value, implying the effectiveness of ZDF algorithm in denoising while retaining the integrity of the signal.ConclusionsThe ZDF algorithm greatly reduces the analyte peak extraction error and improves the limit of detection in FAIMS measurements.
Robust integral of sign of error‐based distributed flocking control of double‐integrator multi‐agent systems with a varying virtual leader
Authors: Wang Ximing , Sun Jinsheng , Wu Zixing , Li Zhitao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the flocking control problem of double‐integrator multi‐agent systems with a virtual leader subject to unknown external disturbances. A robust integral of sign of error (RISE) based control method is leveraged to design a distributed flocking controller with advantages of zero initial input value and continuous control input. By means of a new second‐order differential virtual potential field function, and the navigational feedback from a virtual leader, the proposed flocking controller assures agents of velocity consensus with the virtual leader and a quasi‐lattice formation within a circular neighborhood centered on the virtual leader. Moreover, this algorithm guarantees collision avoidance and connectivity preservation of a proximity‐induced communication topology. Numerical simulations of the algorithm are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed flocking algorithm.
Microbial biomass in forest soils under altered moisture conditions: A review
Authors: Ni Xiangyin , Liao Shu , Wu Fuzhong , Groffman Peter M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrobial biomass is known to decrease with soil drying and to increase after rewetting due to physiological assimilation and substrate limitation under fluctuating moisture conditions, but how the effects of changing moisture conditions vary between dry and wet environments is unclear. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis to assess the effects of elevated and reduced soil moisture on microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN) across a broad range of forest sites between dry and wet regions. We found that the influence of both elevated and reduced soil moisture on MBC and MBN concentrations in forest soils was greater in dry than in wet regions. The influence of altered soil moisture on MBC and MBN concentrations increased significantly with the manipulation intensity but decreased with the length of experimental period, with a dramatic increase observed under a very short‐term precipitation pulse. Moisture effect did not differ between coarse‐textured and fine‐textured soils. Precipitation intensity, experimental duration, and site standardized precipitation index (dry or wet climate) were more important than edaphic factors (i.e., initial water content, bulk density, and clay content) in determining microbial biomass in response to altered moisture in forest soils. Different responses of microbial biomass in forest soils between dry and wet regions should be incorporated into models to evaluate how changes in the amount, timing, and intensity of precipitation affect soil biogeochemical processes.
LncRNA LINC00115 facilitates lung cancer progression through miR‐607/ITGB1 pathway
Authors: Wu Bin , Xue Xingkui , Lin Shaoming , Tan Xing , Shen Guanle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have potential roles in various cancer types. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and the underlying role of long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 115 (LINC00115) in lung cancer. The relative expression of LINC00115 and miR‐607 in tumor tissues and cells was detected by real‐time PCR. After overexpression or knockdown of LINC00115 expression in tumor cells, the changes in the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities were detected via Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and transwell assays. The interplay among LINC00115, miR‐607, and integrin β1 (ITGB1) was confirmed by bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter assay. In addition, tumor cells with LINC00115 knockdown were injected into nude mice to investigate the effect of LINC00115 on tumorigenesis in vivo. LINC00115 was highly expressed in tumor tissues and cells. LINC00115 promoted the malignant properties of tumor cells. Investigation to its molecular mechanism revealed that LINC00115 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), regulating the expression of ITGB1 by sponging miR‐607 to affect tumor growth. The LINC00115/miR‐607/ITGB1 signaling axis might be a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer.
Mechanical buckling analysis of functionally graded composite laminated plates reinforced with temperature dependent graphene sheets resting on elastic foundation
Authors: Abbaspour Fatemeh , Arvin Hadi , Kiani Yaser 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPresent study aims to investigate the mechanical buckling including the shear buckling and the in‐plane mechanical buckling of composite laminated plates reinforced with graphene sheets with temperature dependent features resting on Winkler‐Pasternak elastic foundation in a thermal ambient. The governing equations in the framework of the first order shear deformation theory are attacked by the Ritz method. The plate is subjected to uniaxial, biaxial and shear loads. The innovation of the present paper is considering the temperature dependency and anisotropicity of the material properties of a nanocomposite layer that reinforced with graphene sheets for the purpose of the determination of the mechanical buckling treatment of a graphene reinforced composite (GRC) laminated plate with different boundary condition types. Resorting to the extended Halpin–Tsai micromechanical model, the thermo‐mechanical characteristics of a lamina is defined. Numerical outcomes of the present study are confirmed with the presented data in the literature. The effects of the elastic foundation parameter, the temperature, the plate side to its thickness ratio, the layup scheme, the boundary condition type and the distribution pattern of graphene‐reinforced composites on the critical buckling load are investigated. It is found that, the impact of elastic foundation incorporation is less visible on the critical shear buckling load rather than the critical uniaxial and biaxial mechanical loads. Moreover, the largest critical buckling load belongs to layup [0]10 among the all under studied lamination schemes.
Financial spillovers, spillbacks, and the scope for international macroprudential policy coordination
Authors: Agénor Pierre-Richard , Pereira da Silva Luiz A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the scope for international macroprudential policy coordination in a financially integrated world economy. It begins with a review of the transmission channels associated with, and the empirical evidence on, financial spillovers and spillbacks. Limitations of the existing literature are also identified. The potential gains associated with cross-border macroprudential coordination, dwelling on both recent analytical contributions and quantitative studies based on multi-country models with financial frictions, are then evaluated. The issue of whether coordination of macroprudential policies simultaneously requires some degree of monetary policy coordination is also discussed. The analysis focuses on the potential for policy coordination between major advanced economies and a group identified assystemically-important middle-income countries(SMICs). Next, practical ways to promote international macroprudential policy coordination are considered. Following a discussion of Basel III’s Principle of reciprocity and ways to improve it, the paper advocates a further strengthening of the current statistical, empirical and analytical work conducted by international financial institutions to evaluate, and raise awareness of, the gains from international coordination of macroprudential policies.
Assessment of the Effects of Environmental Concentrations of Microplastics on the Aquatic Snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Authors: Romero-Blanco Alberto , Remón-Elola Adrián , Alonso Álvaro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroplastics are ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems. They can be found at the surface, in the water column, and in sediments. Multiple negative impacts of microplastics on aquatic organisms have been reported, with most studies focusing on marine ecosystems. However, the effects of microplastics on freshwater ecosystems have been less studied, with a few studies focusing on benthic invertebrates. In this study, we exposed the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) to an environmental range of concentrations of polystyrene microparticles (size range from 0.01 to 514 µm at 100, 500, and 1000 mg microplastics/kg dry weight (dw) of sediment) and two supra-environmental concentrations (2000 and 4000 mg/kg dw sediment). The impacts of the exposure to microplastics on mortality, behavior, and reproduction were assessed at long-term exposure (31 days). Mortality and reproduction were not significantly affected by microplastics. On the contrary, most of the microplastic treatments altered the behavior, causing a significant increase in reaction time compared with controls (0 mg microplastics/kg dw sediment). The highest concentration (4000 mg/kg) did not have an impact on the reaction time over the experimental period compared with controls. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the effects of microplastics on the behavior of the aquatic snail P. antipodarum. Our results showed that at environmental concentrations, the behavior of P. antipodarum was the most sensitive variable to the adverse effects of polystyrene microplastics.
2020 Syndemic: Convergence of COVID-19, Gender-Based Violence, and Racism Pandemics
Authors: Khanlou Nazilla , Vazquez Luz Maria , Pashang Soheila , Connolly Jennifer A. , Ahmad Farah , Ssawe Andrew 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a rapid knowledge synthesis of literature on the social determinants of mental health of racialized women exposed to gender-based violence (GBV) during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe adapted the Cochrane Rapid Reviews method and were guided by an equity lens in conducting rapid reviews on public health issues. Four electronic databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, ProQuest, and EBSCO), electronic news media, Google Scholar, and policy documents were searched for literature between January 2019 and October 2020 with no limitations for location. Fifty-five articles qualified for the review.ResultsHealth emergencies heighten gender inequalities in relation to income, employment, job security, and working conditions. Household stress and pandemic-related restrictions (social distancing, closure of services) increase women’s vulnerability to violence. Systemic racism and discrimination intensify health disparities.ConclusionRacialized women are experiencing a2020 Syndemic: a convergence of COVID-19, GBV, and racism pandemics, placing their wellbeing at a disproportionate risk. GBV is a public health issue and gender-responsive COVID-19 programming is essential. Anti-racist and equity-promoting policies to GBV service provision and disaggregated data collection are required.
Differences between Facebook and Instagram Usage in Regard to Problematic Use and Well-Being
Authors: Limniou Maria , Ascroft Yasmin , McLean Sarah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough the association of well-being (e.g., self-esteem, depression symptoms, and loneliness) with Facebook usage (i.e., number of friends and frequency of use) has been investigated by many researchers, only a limited number of studies have scrutinised Facebook against Instagram use. The aim of this study is not only to address this literature gap but also to explore whether problematic use and well-being differ between Facebook and Instagram users in relation to the number of received “likes” and Facebook friends/Instagram followers, as well as the importance of these “likes” and friends/followers. Sixty-nine Facebook users and 66 Instagram users completed an online questionnaire, including self-esteem, loneliness, depression, and problematic Internet use items. Overall, Instagram users exhibited significantly higher problematic use behaviour compared to Facebook users. Age and importance of “followers” were negatively associated with problematic use of Instagram, whilst only the importance of “likes” was negatively associated with Facebook. The number of Facebook “friends” was positively associated with depressive symptoms, but this was not the case for the number of Instagram “followers”. It is important to note that the number of “likes” was only negatively associated with self-esteem, but there was no association with loneliness. A potential explanation between the differences in the two platforms and well-being might be related to their different functionalities, for example, Instagram is an image-oriented platform that may boost users’ self-esteem through post “likes” but only when the users are strongly connected.
The everyday emotional lives of aid workers: how humanitarian anxiety gets in the way of meaningful local participation
Authors: Hor Amoz J. Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractParticipatory approaches to humanitarianism, peacebuilding, and international development promise to listen to the voices of local aid beneficiaries. However, aid workers often listen to these voices through reductive narratives of aid beneficiaries, ventriloquizing their voice and inhibiting meaningful participation. Why do aid workers – despite humane intentions – continue to rely on reductive narratives? This paper inquires how the everyday emotional lives of aid workers make reductive narratives persist. Based on 65 semi-structured interviews in Singapore, Jakarta, and Aceh, and 40 aid worker books and blogs, I show how aid workers regularly experience emotional anxieties that question their complicity in the suffering of others and their powerlessness to do anything about it. Reductive narratives resonate and persist because they allow aid workers to cope with these anxieties. I illustrate the emotional resonance of three reductive narratives – civilizing; romanticized; and impersonal narratives – in three common practices of local participation in aid work: professionalized standards; visiting the field; and hiring locals. Given the emotional origins of reductive narratives, rational critique is insufficient for reforming or decolonizing aid work. Rather, change must also involve engaging the underlying emotions of aid workers.
Risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and death in patients with mental illness: a cohort study
Authors: Seon Jeon-Yeon , Kim Sunjea , Hong Minha , Lim Min Kyoung , Oh In-Hwan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Patients with mental illness are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection because of behavioural changes associated with cognitive deterioration, especially without their caregivers. While studies have reported that SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and severe clinical outcomes are high among patients with mental illness, there is a lack of quantitative research supporting this claim. This study investigates if SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related death are higher in patients with mental illness than among those without a mental disorder.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted using the COVID-19 database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. A total of 123 480 patients aged ⩾20 years who visited a hospital between 1 January 2020 and 30 May 2020 were analysed. Mental disorder diagnoses and types were determined based on 2019 medical records, and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for SARS-CoV-2 infection and deaths.

Results
The ORs for SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.45–1.71) and COVID-19-related death (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.57–3.04) were high among patients with mental illness. The OR of SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher among patients with severe mental illness (OR 2.60; 95% CI 2.21–3.06), dementia (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.62–2.22) and substance use disorder (OR 4.98, 95% CI 3.60–6.88). The OR for COVID-19-related death was high among patients with severe mental illness (OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.82–6.83) and dementia (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.39–3.22).

Conclusions
Patients with mental illness are at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related death. Behavioural changes associated with cognitive deterioration and long-term care facility residence increase SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and severe medical conditions and delayed treatment increase the COVID-19-related mortality risk in patients with mental illness. Patients with mental illness are a priority target population for COVID-19 prevention and treatment, and it is important to plan prevention measures that address their needs.
Effect of Cylindrical THF Hydrate Veins on the Undrained Behavior of Fine‐Grained Soils
Authors: Priest Jeffrey A. , Hayley Jocelyn L. , Wu Jiechun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGas hydrate filled fractures and veins readily occur in fine‐grained deep water marine sediments that increase sediment strength and restrict sediment consolidation. Subsequent hydrate destabilization can dramatically reduce sediment strength, which may lead to slope failures. To investigate the undrained behavior a series of consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial tests were carried out on fine‐grained soils containing cylindrical tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate veins of varying diameter to mimic naturally occurring hydrate‐bearing clays. Axial compressions tests on stand‐alone hydrate veins showed brittle failure with axial stresses reasonably independent of vein diameter and confining stress and thought related to development of bending stresses and tensile cracking. Reduced axial strain rates led to ductile behavior, potentially suppressing tensile crack development, resulting in slightly higher failure stresses. CU shear tests on hydrate‐bearing specimens showed increasing strength and stiffness with increasing vein diameter and confining stress, although the impact of confining stresses reduced for the largest diameter veins. Using a Mohr‐Coulomb failure criteria, increased strength was associated with increase in cohesion and reduction in friction angle. The enhanced strength would reduce consolidation processes that would lead to sediment instabilities if the hydrate was destabilized. However, for larger diameter veins, increasing lateral stresses from the soil reduced buckling stresses with significant plastic deformation of the THF veins being observed at the end of tests, suggesting a strain rate dependent behavior. Further research is required to fully understand this behavior and its impact on sediment consolidation to fully consider the relationship between hydrate dissociation and sediment instability.
Probabilistic Assessment of Extreme Heat Stress on Indian Wheat Yields Under Climate Change
Authors: Zachariah Mariam , Mondal Arpita , AghaKouchak Amir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe wheat belt along the Indo‐Gangetic Plains (IGP) in India is an emergent hotspot of climate change‐driven crop loss threatening local food security. Using statistical Generalized Linear Models, observed temperature and wheat production data, we show an increase in magnitude, frequency and areal extent of heat stress episodes in the IGP region during 1967–2018. Such episodes comprise of temperatures exceeding a senescence‐inducing threshold. Further, using a copula‐based multivariate framework, we probabilistically assess wheat production conditioned on heat stress indicators, both in the historical period and also in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) future projections. Probabilistic estimates of below‐average wheat production under scenario‐averaged heat stress conditions are expected to rise by 8%–27% under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, with Punjab showing the largest increase. Quantitative links between heat stress indicators and loss of crop yield highlight increased agricultural vulnerability in India under climate change.
Optical Signatures Associated With Streamers and Leaders of Laboratory Discharges
Authors: Arcanjo M. , Montanyà J. , Urbani M. , Lorenzo V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work investigates the strongest optical emissions associated with long laboratory sparks (at the wavelengths of 337 and 777 nm) with the aim to understand similar emissions in lightning. The processes of the long‐spark formation are studied by using optical measurements, current signatures, and short‐time exposure images. Blue optical emissions (337 nm) are associated with streamer development and negative leader stepping, and the optical pulses have good correlation with current pulses. Red optical emissions (777 nm) are mainly associated with stable leader propagation, when this irradiance is predominant over the blue one. The results indicate that formations of stems from positive leaders also produce emissions at 777 nm. This work aims to support satellite‐based measurements that perform optical measurements in the same wavelength ranges.