bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9‐Responsive Surface Charge‐Reversible Nanocarrier to Enhance Endocytosis as Efficient Targeted Delivery System for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Han Qiu‐Ju , Lan Xiao‐Tong , Wen Ying , Zhang Chuan‐Zeng , Cleary Michael , Sayyed Yasra , Huang Guangdong , Tuo Xiaoling , Yi Long , Xi Zhen , Li Lu‐Yuan , Zhang Qiang‐Zhe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanoparticles, that can be enriched in the tumor microenvironment and deliver the payloads into cancer cells, are desirable carriers for theranostic agents in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, efficient targeted delivery and enhanced endocytosis for probes and drugs in theranostics are still major challenges. Here, a nanoparticle, which is capable of charge reversal from negative to positive in response to matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in tumor microenvironment is reported. This nanoparticle is based on a novel charge reversible amphiphilic molecule consisting of hydrophobic oleic acid, MMP9‐cleavable peptide, and glutamate‐rich segment (named as OMPE). The OMPE‐modified cationic liposome forms an intelligent anionic nanohybrid (O‐NP) with enhanced endocytosis through surface charge reversal in response to MMP9 in vitro. Successfully, O‐NP nanohybrid performs preferential accumulation and enhances the endocytosis in MMP9‐expressing xenografted tumors in mouse models, which improve the sensitivity of diagnosis agents and the antitumor effects of drugs in vivo by overcoming their low solubility and/or nonspecific enrichment. These results indicate that O‐NP can be a promising delivery platform for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Biofunctionalization of Dental Abutment Surfaces by Crosslinked ECM Proteins Strongly Enhances Adhesion and Proliferation of Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Palkowitz Alena L. , Tuna Taskin , Bishti Shaza , Böke Frederik , Steinke Nathalie , Müller‐Newen Gerhard , Wolfart Stefan , Fischer Horst 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo ensure the long‐term success of dental implants, a functional attachment of the soft tissue to the surface of the implant abutment is decisively important in order to prevent the penetration of bacteria into the implant–bone interface, which can trigger peri‐implant disease. Here a surface modification approach is described that includes the covalent immobilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins fibronectin and laminin via a crosslinker to silanized Ti6Al4V and Y‐TZP surfaces. The surface properties are evaluated using static contact angle, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interaction of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with the immobilized ECM proteins is verified by analyzing the localization of focal contacts, cell area, cell morphology, proliferation rate, and integrin expression. It is observed in the presence of fibronectin and laminin an increased cellular attachment, proliferation, and integrin expression of HGFs accompanied by a significantly higher number of focal adhesions. The presented approach holds great potential to enable a stronger bond between soft tissue and implant abutment surface. This could potentially help to prevent the penetration of bacteria in an in vivo application and thus reduce the risk of periimplant disease.
A Dendrite‐Free Tin Anode for High‐Energy Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Yao Yanxin , Wang Zengyue , Li Zhejun , Lu Yi‐Chun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetal‐based aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) such as zinc‐based ARFBs have attracted remarkable attention owing to their intrinsic high energy density. However, severe dendrite issues limit their efficiency and lifespan. Here an aqueous metal anode operating between Sn(OH)62− (stannate) and metal Sn is presented, providing a reversible four‐electron transfer at −0.921 V vs standard hydrogen electrode. In strong contrast to severe Zn dendrites, the Sn(OH)62−/Sn electrode shows smooth and dendrite‐free morphology, which can be attributed to its intrinsic low‐surface‐energy anisotropy which facilitates isotropic crystal growth of Sn metal. By coupling with iodide/tri‐iodide (I−/I3−), the static Sn–I cell demonstrates a stable cycling for 500 cycles (more than 2 months). In contrast, the state‐of‐the‐art Zn anode suffers from serious dendrites and lasts less than 45 cycles (190 h) in Zn–I cells. A stable continuous flow cycling of Sn–I cell achieves a Sn areal capacity of 73.07 mAh cm−2 at an average discharge voltage of 1.3 V for 350 h. The alkaline Sn electrode demonstrates dendrite‐free morphology and superior performance in cycle life and areal capacity compared to state‐of‐the‐art Zn metal anodes, offering a promising metal anode for high‐energy ARFBs and other metal‐based rechargeable aqueous batteries.
Recent Progress on Conductive Metal‐Organic Framework Films
Authors: Mu Xueyang , Wang Weike , Sun Chongcai , Wang Jiulong , Wang Chengbing , Knez Mato 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBecause of their outstanding structural, chemical, and functional diversity, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have brought about worldwide interest over the last 2 decades, which have been utilized in a wide range of applications in the fields of gas separation, storage, catalysis, and drug delivery. However, among these applications, MOFs are almost used in the form of powder. Due to their fragility and difficulty in preparing large‐area thin film materials, the study of MOF films and their electronic properties is a challenging problem in the research of MOFs. Owing to the low‐energy charge transport mode, most MOF films are essentially insulating, which largely limits their applications in fields where electronic charge transport takes place, such as electronics or electrochemistry. So, the introduction of conductivity into the MOF films opens new avenues for their applications in electrochemical sensing, supercapacitors, batteries, electrocatalysis, and electronic devices and makes the research on and with MOF films very active. Herein, the latest progress of conductive MOF films, including the preparation of MOF films, the design and adjustment strategies for constructing intrinsic and doping conductive MOF films, and their applications are reviewed. In addition, the numerous challenges of conductive MOF films are also elaborated.
Random Laser Spectral Fingerprinting of Lithographed Microstructures
Authors: Capocefalo Angela , Quintiero Eleonora , Bianco Monica , Zizzari Alessandra , Gentilini Silvia , Conti Claudio , Arima Valentina , Viola Ilenia , Ghofraniha Neda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCoherent random lasers (RLs) originate from the resonant amplification of the light scattered by disordered media resulting in spiky emission spectra with well‐defined spectral signatures. Here coherent RL emission is proposed as a tool for identifying the spectral fingerprint of porous micro‐structured materials obtained by soft lithography techniques. The close control of the spatial patterns and structural characteristics of the scattering elements enable us to obtain stable and unique RL spectra distinctive of each lithographed device. The spectral emission has been thoroughly analyzed with respect to the morphology of the devices in terms of surface roughness and surface volume fraction, demonstrating that the packing of the scattering particles is the main factor in determining a RL emission characterized by multiple linewidths with a high level of coherence. The findings provide novel insights for the realization of miniaturized photonic devices with selectable optical features.
Doubling the Near‐Infrared Photocurrent in a Solar Cell via Omni‐Resonant Coherent Perfect Absorption
Authors: Villinger Massimo L. , Shiri Abbas , Shabahang Soroush , Jahromi Ali K. , Nasr Magued B. , Villinger Christopher H. , Abouraddy Ayman F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMinimizing the material usage in thin‐film solar cells can reduce manufacturing costs and enable mechanically flexible implementations, but concomitantly diminishes optical absorption. Coherent optical effects can help alleviate this inevitable drawback at discrete frequencies. For example, coherent perfect absorption guarantees that light is fully absorbed in a thin layer regardless of material or thickness—but only on resonance. Here, it is shown that “omni‐resonance” delivers such coherent enhancement over a broad bandwidth by structuring the optical field to nullify the angular dispersion intrinsic to resonant structures. After embedding an amorphous‐silicon thin‐film photovoltaic cell in a planar cavity, pre‐conditioning the incident light using an alignment‐free optical arrangement severs the link between the resonant bandwidth and the cavity‐photon lifetime, thereby rendering the cavity omni‐resonant. Coherently enhanced near‐infrared absorption doubles the photocurrent over the targeted spectral range 660–740 nm where every wavelength resonates. These results may pave the way to transparent solar cells that optimally harvest near‐infrared light.
Borosilicate Crystal LaBSiO5: A New Promising Ultraviolet Quasiphase Matching Material
Authors: Sha Hongyuan , Su Rongbing , Xiong Zheyao , Wang Zujian , Shan Pai , He Chao , Yang Xiaoming , Long Xifa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonlinear optical crystals with ferroelectricity, which could realize ultraviolet/deep‐ultraviolet coherent output by the quasiphase matching technology, are expected to be promising candidates for the new type of ultraviolet/deep‐ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials. Here, a new borosilicate crystal, LaBSiO5, is found, which is superior to the famous commercial quasiphase matching crystals, LiNbO3, KTiOPO4, and LaBGeO5 in performances. LaBSiO5 crystal exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties, including a short absorption cutoff (186 nm), a moderate second‐harmonic generation response (≈1.1 × KH2PO4), and the ferroelectric polarization reversal (coercive field ≈ 36.98 kV cm−1, remnant polarization ≈ 1.83 µC cm−2). Besides, no layering tendency is found during the process of crystal growth. Therefore, LaBSiO5 crystal is a potential ultraviolet quasiphase matching material.
Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of o‐Aza‐Quinone Methide for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Heterocycle‐Fused Quinolines
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Nanda Santosh K. , Fartade Dipak J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA protocol involving intramolecular formal [4+2]‐cycloaddition of in situ generated o‐aza‐quinone methide for the facile synthesis of 1,4‐heterocycle‐fused quinoline motifs is demonstrated. The cascade involved tandem C−O, C−C, and C−N bond formation and also exhibited excellent functional group tolerance. Enantiomerically enriched 1,4‐oxazepino quinolines were synthesized using alkynols derived from L‐amino acids. The sulfoxide embedded quinolines were transformed to pentacyclic 1,4‐thiepino tethered indeno‐quinoline scaffolds via Pummerer cyclization.magnified image
Bi(OTf)3‐Mediated (4+1) Annulation of α‐Sulfonyl o‐Hydroxyacetophenones with α‐Hydroxy Arylketones to Access Sulfonyl 2‐Aroylbenzofurans
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Chen Kuan‐Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a high‐yield, facile route for the scalable synthesis of sulfonyl 2‐aroylbenzofurans via a Bi(OTf)3‐mediated intermolecular double cyclocondensation of α‐sulfonyl o‐hydroxyacetophenones with substituted α‐hydroxy arylketones under mild open‐vessel reaction conditions is described. In the overall reaction, water is generated as the only byproduct. Various metal triflate‐promoted reactions and conditions are investigated for the efficient one‐pot (4+1) annulation reaction.magnified image
Phase Transitions and Water Splitting Applications of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides
Authors: Rao Tingke , Wang Huide , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Guo Zhinan , Zhang Han , Liao Wugang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D layered materials turn out to be the most attractive hotspot in materials for their unique physical and chemical properties. A special class of 2D layered material refers to materials exhibiting phase transition based on environment variables. Among these materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) act as a promising alternative for their unique combination of atomic‐scale thickness, direct bandgap, significant spin–orbit coupling and prominent electronic and mechanical properties, enabling them to be applied for fundamental studies as catalyst materials. Metal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MPTs), as another potential catalytic 2D phase transition material, have been employed for their unusual intercalation behavior and electrochemical properties, which act as a secondary electrode in lithium batteries. The preparation of 2D TMD and MPT materials has been extensively conducted by engineering their intrinsic structures at the atomic scale. In this study, advanced synthesis methods of preparing 2D TMD and MPT materials are tested, and their properties are investigated, with stress placed on their phase transition. The surge of this type of report is associated with water‐splitting catalysis and other catalytic purposes. This study aims to be a guideline to explore the mentioned 2D TMD and MPT materials for their catalytic applications.
Geographic and temporal diversity in dental morphology reflects a history of admixture, isolation, and drift in African Americans
Authors: Gross Jessica M. , Edgar Heather J. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesWhile genetic studies have documented variation in admixture proportions in contemporary African Americans across the US, relatively little is known about the socio‐historical roots of this variation. Our goal in this study is to use dental morphology to explore the socio‐historical correlates of admixture, localized gene flow, and drift in African Americans.MethodsOur data are ordinally‐graded dental morphological traits scored in 196 Africans, 335 Europeans and European Americans, 291 pre‐Spanish‐contact Native Americans, and 722 African Americans. The African American data derived from contemporary and historic samples. We eliminated from analysis individuals and traits with greater than 20% missing data. We summarized the major axes of trait variation using principal component analysis (PCA), estimated biological distance, constructed multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots of the distances, and measured the correlation between geographic and biological distance.ResultsIn the PCA, African American groups clustered between Africans and Europeans on PC 1, reflecting admixture between the groups. PC 2 separated African American samples, possibly reflecting movement, isolation, and drift. MDS analyses confirmed the existence of sizable biological distances between African American samples, especially between contemporary and past African American samples. We found no relationship between biological and geographic distances.DiscussionWe demonstrate that admixture and drift can be inferred from multi‐variable analyses of patterns of dental morphology in admixed populations. Localized gene flow has not affected patterns of trait variation in African Americans, but long‐range movement, isolation, and drift have. We connect patterns of dental trait variation to efforts to flee oppression during the Great Migration, and the repeal of anti‐miscegenation laws.
Ligand Non‐innocence and Single Molecular Spintronic Properties of AgII Dibenzocorrole Radical on Ag(111)
Authors: Xu Jialiang , Zhu Li , Gao Hu , Li Chenhong , Zhu Meng‐Jiao , Jia Zhen‐Yu , Zhu Xin‐Yang , Zhao Yue , Li Shao‐Chun , Wu Fan , Shen Zhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA facile method for the quantitative preparation of silver dibenzo‐fused corrole Ag‐1 is described. In contrast to the saddle conformation resolved by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis for Ag‐1, it adopts an unprecedented domed geometry, with up and down orientations, when adsorbed on an Ag(111) surface. Sharp Kondo resonances near Fermi level, both at the corrole ligand and the silver center were observed by cryogenic STM, with relatively high Kondo temperature (172 K), providing evidence for a non‐innocent AgII‐corrole.2− species. Further investigation validates that benzene ring fusion and molecule‐substrate interactions play pivotal roles in enhancing Ag(4d(x2−y2))–corrole (π) orbital interactions, thereby stabilizing the open‐shell singlet AgII‐corrole.2− on Ag(111) surface. Moreover, this strategy used for constructing metal‐free benzene‐ring fused corrole ligand gives rise to inspiration of designing novel metal–corrole compound for multichannel molecular spintronics devices.
Reactivity of human labial glands in response to cevimeline treatment
Authors: Loy Francesco , Isola Michela , Masala Carla , Isola Raffaella 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong the pathologies affecting the salivary glands, the Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease, causes progressive destruction of the glandular tissue. The effect of SS is particularly evident on the labial glands and the morphological analysis of these minor glands is considered useful for diagnosis. Cevimeline hydrochloride (SNI), a selective muscarinic agonist drug, is one of the elective treatments for the hyposalivation due to SS, acting not only on major salivary glands, but also on labial glands since their secretion is primarily under parasympathetic control. Aim of this study is to describe the morphology of human labial glands treated with SNI by light, transmission, and high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a morphometric analysis was applied to the light and transmission electron microscopy micrographs to obtain data that were then compared with analogous data collected on control and carbachol‐treated labial glands. Following SNI administration, the mucous tubules exhibited enlarged lumina, which were filled with a dense mucous secretion. Occasionally, small broken debris of the cells were retrieved into the lumen. In the mucous secretory cells, some mucous droplets fused to form a large vacuole‐like structure. Similarly, the seromucous acini showed both dilated lumina and canaliculi. These above reported signs of secretion were confirmed through morphometric analysis and a milder action of SNI than carbachol on labial parenchyma was observed. This study confirmed that SNI also evoked secretion on labial glands and that its effect is more physiologic than that of the pan‐muscarinic agonists.
New approaches to social skills training: Blended group interventions for girls with social communication difficulties
Authors: Wolstencroft Jeanne , Kerry Eleanor , Denyer Hayley , Watkins Alice , Mandy William , Skuse David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial skills group interventions are increasing popular for children with social communication disorders but there is little evidence of their acceptability or effectiveness when delivered online. We report a feasibility study that adapted the Program for Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) to provide an intensive 8 week online delivery to female adolescents, blended with some face‐to‐face group meetings. A systematic multiple‐case series design with case tracking was developed, comprising a 3‐month baseline, a 2‐month intervention and a 3‐month follow‐up period. Seven adolescents with Turner Syndrome and social communication difficulties (17–20 years) took part, together with their parents. Acceptability and feasibility were assessed by means of qualitative feedback and attendance rates. Changes in social adaptation were tracked using measures of social knowledge, social behaviour and autistic symptoms, plus anxiety and self‐esteem. Attendance rates were consistently high and there were no dropouts. Qualitative feedback indicated the online format was acceptable to both the participants and their families. Objective outcome measures showed significant gains in social knowledge and improved social initiations from measures made during the pre‐intervention baseline. This proof‐of‐principle pilot study demonstrated blended social skills interventions are both feasible and acceptable to adolescent females with social communication difficulties.Lay SummarySocial skills groups are increasingly popular for children with social communication disorders, but there is little evidence for their use online. Psychological treatments that require weekly face‐to‐face sessions for both children and their parents are associated with practical difficulties, disrupting family life and school commitments. Our study, is the first to use a blended online and face‐to‐face social skills training program for adolescent girls with social communication difficulties. We showed that this new approach to treatment was acceptable to families and has a positive and significant impact on participant's social performance and social knowledge. This new treatment approach may increase the accessibility of treatment for adolescents and young adults, especially those with social communication difficulties. Autism Res 2021, 14: 1061–1072. © 2021 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Accelerating and de‐risking CMC development with transposon‐derived manufacturing cell lines
Authors: Rajendran Sowmya , Balasubramanian Sowmya , Webster Lynn , Lee Maggie , Vavilala Divya , Kulikov Nicolay , Choi Jessica , Tang Calvin , Hunter Molly , Wang Rebecca , Kaur Harpreet , Karunakaran Surya , Sitaraman Varsha , Minshull Jeremy , Boldog Ferenc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of highly productive, genetically stable manufacturing cell lines is on the critical path to IND filing for protein‐based biologic drugs. Here, we describe the Leap‐In Transposase® platform, a novel transposon‐based mammalian (e.g., Chinese hamster ovary) cell line development system that produces high‐titer stable pools with productivity and product quality attributes that are highly comparable to clones that are subsequently derived therefrom. The productivity distributions of clones are strongly biased toward high producers, and genetic and expression stability is consistently high. By avoiding the poor integration rates, concatemer formation, detrimental transgene recombination, low average expression level, unpredictable product quality, and inconsistent genetic stability characteristic of nonhomologous recombination methods, Leap‐In provides several opportunities to de‐risk programs early and reduce timelines and resources.
Constitutively active Rheb mutants [T23M] and [E40K] drive increased production and secretion of recombinant protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: De Poi Stuart P. , Xie Jianling , Smales C. Mark , Proud Christopher G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are high value agents used for disease therapy (“biologic drugs”) or as diagnostic tools which are widely used in the healthcare sector. They are generally manufactured in mammalian cells, in particular Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells cultured in defined media, and are harvested from the medium. Rheb is a small GTPase which, when bound to GTP, activates mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, a protein kinase that drives anabolic processes including protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Here, we show that certain constitutively active mutants of Rheb drive faster protein synthesis in CHO cells and increase the expression of proteins involved in the processing of secreted proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, which expands in response to expression of Rheb mutants. Active Rheb mutants, in particular Rheb[T23M], drive increased cell number under serum‐free conditions similar to those used in the biotechnology industry. Rheb[T23M] also enhances the expression of the reporter protein luciferase and, especially strongly, the secreted Gaussia luciferase. Moreover, Rheb[T23M] markedly (2–3 fold) enhances the amount of this luciferase and of a model immunoglobulin secreted into the medium. Our data clearly demonstrate that expressing Rheb[T23M] in CHO cells provides a simple approach to promoting their growth in defined medium and the production of secreted proteins of high commercial value.