bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student’s experiences with online teaching following COVID-19 lockdown: A mixed methods explorative study
Authors: Almendingen Kari , Morseth Marianne Sandsmark , Gjølstad Eli , Brevik Asgeir , Tørris Christine 
Published: August 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic lead to a sudden shift to online teaching and restricted campus access.

Aim
To assess how university students experienced the sudden shift to online teaching after closure of campus due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and methods
Students in Public Health Nutrition answered questionnaires two and 12 weeks (N = 79: response rate 20.3% and 26.6%, respectively) after the lockdown in Norway on 12 March 2020 and participated in digital focus group interviews in May 2020 (mixed methods study).

Findings and discussion
Two weeks into the lockdown, 75% of students reported that their life had become more difficult and 50% felt that learning outcomes would be harder to achieve due to the sudden shift to online education. Twelve weeks into the lockdown, the corresponding numbers were 57% and 71%, respectively. The most pressing concerns among students were a lack of social interaction, housing situations that were unfit for home office purposes, including insufficient data bandwidth, and an overall sense of reduced motivation and effort. The students collaborated well in digital groups but wanted smaller groups with students they knew rather than being randomly assigned to groups. Most students agreed that pre-recorded and streamed lectures, frequent virtual meetings and student response systems could improve learning outcomes in future digital courses. The preference for written home exams over online versions of previous on-campus exams was likely influenced by student’s familiarity with the former. The dropout rate remained unchanged compared to previous years.

Conclusion
The sudden shift to digital teaching was challenging for students, but it appears that they adapted quickly to the new situation. Although the concerns described by students in this study may only be representative for the period right after campus lockdown, the study provide the student perspective on a unique period of time in higher education.
Trait anxiety and unplanned delivery mode enhance the risk for childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in women with and without risk of preterm birth: A multi sample path analysis
Authors: Sommerlad Sarah , Schermelleh-Engel Karin , La Rosa Valentina Lucia , Louwen Frank , Oddo-Sommerfeld Silvia 
Published: August 2021

Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) occurs in 3–7% of all pregnancies and about 35% of women after preterm birth (PTB) meet the criteria for acute stress reaction. Known risk factors are trait anxiety and pain intensity, whereas planned delivery mode, medical support, and positive childbirth experience are protective factors. It has not yet been investigated whether the effects of anxiety and delivery mode are mediated by other factors, and whether a PTB-risk alters these relationships. 284 women were investigated antepartum and six weeks postpartum (risk-group with preterm birth (RG-PB) N = 95, risk-group with term birth (RG-TB) N = 99, and control group (CG) N = 90). CB-PTSD symptoms and anxiety were measured using standardized psychological questionnaires. Pain intensity, medical support, and childbirth experience were assessed by single items. Delivery modes were subdivided into planned vs. unplanned delivery modes. Group differences were examined using MANOVA. To examine direct and indirect effects on CB-PTSD symptoms, a multi-sample path analysis was performed. Rates of PTS were highest in the RG-PB = 11.58% (RG-TB = 7.01%, CG = 1.1%). MANOVA revealed higher values of CB-PTSD symptoms and pain intensity in RG-PB compared to RG-TB and CG. Women with planned delivery mode reported a more positive birth experience. Path modeling revealed a good model fit. Explained variance was highest in RG-PB (R2 = 44.7%). Direct enhancing effects of trait anxiety and indirect reducing effects of planned delivery mode on CB-PTSD symptoms were observed in all groups. In both risk groups, CB-PTSD symptoms were indirectly reduced via support by medical staff and positive childbirth experience, while trait anxiety indirectly enhanced CB-PTSD symptoms via pain intensity in the CG. Especially in the RG-PB, a positive birth experience serves as protective factor against CB-PTSD symptoms. Therefore, our data highlights the importance of involving patients in the decision process even under stressful birth conditions and the need for psychological support antepartum, mainly in patients with PTB-risk and anxious traits.
Trial registration number: NCT01974531 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Impacts of COVID-19 on clinical research in the UK: A multi-method qualitative case study
Authors: Wyatt David , Faulkner-Gurstein Rachel , Cowan Hannah , Wolfe Charles D. A. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Clinical research has been central to the global response to COVID-19, and the United Kingdom (UK), with its research system embedded within the National Health Service (NHS), has been singled out globally for the scale and speed of its COVID-19 research response. This paper explores the impacts of COVID-19 on clinical research in an NHS Trust and how the embedded research system was adapted and repurposed to support the COVID-19 response.

Methods and findings
Using a multi-method qualitative case study of a research-intensive NHS Trust in London UK, we collected data through a questionnaire (n = 170) and semi-structured interviews (n = 24) with research staff working in four areas: research governance; research leadership; research delivery; and patient and public involvement. We also observed key NHS Trust research prioritisation meetings (40 hours) and PPI activity (4.5 hours) and analysed documents produced by the Trust and national organisation relating to COVID-19 research. Data were analysed for a descriptive account of the Trust’s COVID-19 research response and research staff’s experiences. Data were then analysed thematically. Our analysis identifies three core themes: centralisation; pace of work; and new (temporary) work practices. By centralising research prioritisation at both national and Trust levels, halting non-COVID-19 research and redeploying research staff, an increased pace in the setup and delivery of COVID-19-related research was possible. National and Trust-level responses also led to widescale changes in working practices by adapting protocols and developing local processes to maintain and deliver research. These were effective practical solutions borne out of necessity and point to how the research system was able to adapt to the requirements of the pandemic.

Conclusion
The Trust and national COVID-19 response entailed a rapid large-scale reorganisation of research staff, research infrastructures and research priorities. The Trust’s local processes that enabled them to enact national policy prioritising COVID-19 research worked well, especially in managing finite resources, and also demonstrate the importance and adaptability of the research workforce. Such findings are useful as we consider how to adapt our healthcare delivery and research practices both at the national and global level for the future. However, as the pandemic continues, research leaders and policymakers must also take into account the short and long term impact of COVID-19 prioritisation on non-COVID-19 health research and the toll of the emergency response on research staff.
Nível de autocompaixão e de afetos positivos e negativos em mães de filhos atendidos em um ambulatório psicológico
Authors: Chinchilha Izabel Stockey , Michels Maikon de Sousa 
Published: August 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o grau de autocompaixão e de afetos negativos/positivos em mães de filhos em processo psicoterapêutico. Os resultados indicaram escores altos de afetos negativos e escores baixos de afetos positivos e de autocompaixão. Foi identificado histórico de violência, depressão, ansiedade e culpa.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Autocompaixão. Afetos Positivos e Negativos. Mulheres. Maternidade.
Uma moeda pelo seu gênero
Authors: Noronha Ana Luíza Silva , Ferreira Frederico Leocádio , Christino Juliana Maria Magalhães 
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear o campo da pesquisa acadêmica sobre o Pink Tax e suas principais discussões, resultados e sugestões de futuras pesquisas por meio de uma revisão sistemática nas bases Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, EBSCO e Google Scholars.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Discriminação por Preço. Pink Tax Taxa Rosa. Gênero. Taxação.
“Mestras nos primeiros anos da nossa vida”
Authors: Rossi Maria Antonietta 
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o papel sociocultural da mulher setecentista portuguesa valorizado, no âmbito do Reformismo Ilustrado, por Luís António Verney. Através da análise textual das epístolas que compõem o Verdadeiro Método de Estudar (1746), demonstraremos que, para o autor, a educação das mulheres é fundamental, uma vez que elas, enquanto mães de família, são as mestras dos próprios filhos nos primeiros anos de vida.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Luís António Verney. Mulher. Verdadeiro Método de Estudar.
Étude de l’engagement des apprenants dans un même cours en fonction de sa modalité : présentiel vs vidéo
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Buisson Gilles 
Published: August 2021

Nous présentons dans cet article l’étude de l’engagement des étudiants d’une école d’ingénieur française dans un cours en fonction de sa modalité : cours en présentiel ou cours-vidéo. Sur la base de l’analyse de diverses données prises auprès d’étudiants sur deux ans, deux questionnaires écrits et 12 interviews, nous montrons que l’engagement est soutenu et indépendant de la modalité. Nous attribuons ce résultat entre autres aux caractéristiques des apprenants qui sont fortement motivés et possèdent une bonne connaissance de soi ; ce qui leur permet de choisir et de créer des conditions de travail adaptées afin de réussir leurs études. Finalement, nous examinons l’ensemble des spécificités de cette étude de cas afin d’extraire les conditions favorables à l’engagement des apprenants et concluons sur une possible transférabilité dans d’autres contextes.
Electrochemical determination of atenolol and propranolol using a carbon paste sensor modified with natural ilmenite
Authors: Broli Nevila , Vasjari Majlinda , Vallja Loreta , Duka Sonila , Shehu Alma , Cenolli Sadik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a simple voltammetric method was reported for independent determination of propranolol (PROP) and atenolol (ATN) in pharmaceutical tablets using carbon paste electrode modified with natural Ilmenite (CPE-I). The analytical performance of the modified sensor was evaluated using the square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry for determination of both β(beta) blockers in 0.1 mol L−1of sulfuric acid solution (H2SO4). The signal obtained with modified carbon paste electrode in 0.1 mol L−1of H2SO4showed a good electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidations of PROP and ATN compared with the bare one. The enhanced oxidation peak current response can be attributed to the catalytic effect of the ilmenite nanomaterial incorporated into the carbon paste electrode. Under optimal condition, good linear calibration curves were obtained ranging from 0.20 to 8.9 mmol L−1for PROP and 2.0 to 9.9 µmol L−1for ATN, with detection limits of 80 and 0.31 µmol L−1, respectively. The CPE-I sensor had good repeatability and reproducibility (RSD ≤ 3.2%) and high sensitivity for the detection of both ATN and PROP. The proposed sensor was applied for detection of these drugs in pharmaceutical tablets. The obtained results indicate that the voltammetric CPE-I sensor could be an alternative method for the routine quality control of the β blockers in complex matrices.
Synergistic effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and intake of nettle on serum levels of chemerin and beta cells function in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Behradnasab Mojgan , Matinhomaei Hassan , Rasaei Mohamad Javad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis animal study aimed to demonstrate the synergistic effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and alcoholic extract of nettle on serum chemerin and beta cells function in type 2 diabetic male rats.MethodsThirty-two STZ-induced diabetic male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including the control group, the supplemented group with 200 mg/day of nettle, the training group with five sessions per week of HIIT, and the group with combined nettle and HITT intervention. Body weight, lipid profile, beta cells function, and chemerin level were assessed after eight weeks of the intervention.ResultsThe values of chemerin significantly decreased in combined HIIT and nettle intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.001). The levels of glucose and insulin decreased significantly in nettle group, exercise group, and combined HIIT and nettle group (p=0.001).ConclusionsThe present study found that intense interval exercise with the consumption of alcoholic extract of nettle can affect the performance of beta cells, glucose, and insulin. Future human studies are warranted.
Experimental filler design influences error correction rates in a word restoration paradigm
Authors: Arehalli Suhas , Wittenberg Eva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Including fillers or distractors in psycholinguistic experiments has been standard for decades; yet, relatively little is known how the design of these items interacts with critical manipulations. In this paper, we ask about the role that contextual statistical information in filler items plays in determining if and how to correct a given error, and how grammatical expectations interact with context. We first replicate a speech restoration experiment conducted by Mack, J. E., C. Clifton, L. Frazier & P. V. Taylor. 2012. (Not) hearing optional subjects: The effects of pragmatic usage preferences. Journal of Memory and Language 67. 211–223, measuring usage preferences of null-subject constructions. Then we report two additional experiments in which we manipulated only the filler items, either having noise appear uniformly at random, or with a particular bias. Our results (1) demonstrate that listeners are sensitive to statistical patterns in the distribution of noise within the experiment, and (2) suggest that this paradigm can be used to investigate interaction between the mechanisms that govern grammatical preferences, and those that govern error correction processes.
The effect of paper coatings containing biopolymer binder and different natural pigments on printability
Authors: Arman Kandirmaz Emine , Ozcan Arif , Ural Elif 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Paper is an environmentally friendly, recyclable material whose main material is cellulose, which can be obtained from all kinds of trees and plants, used as writing, printing and packaging material. Due to its structural properties, papers are not resistant to temperature and humidity, as well as problems with ink transfer with its porous structure and experienced negative printability properties. In recent years, especially the growth of the packaging industry has increased the demand for papers with improved printability properties. In order to obtain better printability properties from papers, some processes can be performed in paper production, as well as some surface treatments after production. These processes are paper coating, sizing and calendering. Paper coatings are generally water-dispersed coating solutions with one or more pigments, binders and certain additives to improve the desired properties. With these processes, by filling the gaps between the pores of the paper, a shapely and smooth surface is obtained and good printability is obtained together with the optical and physical properties of the papers. In this study, the interactions and printability properties of different types of pigments with xanthan gum binder were investigated by preparing paper coating formulations using calcium carbonate, barite and talc pigments and xanthan gum as binder. As a result, xanthan is a good coating binder and

CaCO

3

{\mathrm{CaCO}_{3}}

from the compared pigments is the most suitable compared to the other 2 pigments, considering all the studied areas.
Visualization of multiscale ring formation in a rotary kiln
Authors: Rippon Lee , Hirtz Barry , Sheehan Carl , Reinheimer Travis , Loewen Philip , Gopaluni Bhushan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rotary kilns are large-scale unit operations that are critical to many industrial processes such as cement production, pyrometallurgy, and kraft pulping. As expensive, energy-intensive units, it is imperative from both an economic and environmental perspective to ensure efficient operation of the rotary kiln. To provide additional insights for operation and maintenance, rotary kilns are increasingly outfitted with more advanced sensing technology. Leveraging this supplementary data requires strategies and active efforts towards storage, processing, and visualization. In this work we provide a visualization strategy for industrial thermal camera data that is measured along the shell profile of a rotary lime kiln. The proposed strategy assists specifically with the visualization of ring formation at different timescales, but it also serves more generally as a useful tool for operations management. This paper describes the visualization strategy, provides a demonstration with industrial data, and offers open-source resources for interested users to implement it themselves.
Vial coring and fragmentation incidence after angled penetration of rubber stoppers with single-use hypodermic needles
Authors: Rase Marissa , Hanlon Mark , Ho Le , Duriez Doug , Zhao Cathy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Particles due to fragmentation present a clear risk to the patient. Reported fragmentation rates vary, and an insertion angle at 45°, as opposed to 90°, has been proposed as a mitigation strategy. So, this study evaluated the fragmentation rates induced by single-use hypodermic needles using different angled penetration techniques.

Methods
Needles underwent fragmentation testing using two penetration techniques. In method 1, the needle was inserted through the stopper at 45° and rotated to 90° upon exiting the stopper underside, and in method 2 the needle was rotated only after the bevel was fully enveloped by the stopper. Methods were tested with 18, 20, and 22-gauge needles with bevel faced up, down, and sideways. Fragmentation data sets were subjected to ANOVA and a fit to a General Linear Model was attempted to ascertain the significance of needle size, bevel position, and penetration method; p-values less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Results
Incidence varied from 0 to 49% and depended on the test method. Needles larger than 22-gauge induced fragmentation the most when the bevel was down. The bevel up position induced fragmentation the least. Generation of large fragments designated “cores” depended on all factors examined, and generation of small fragments designated “fragments” depended on all factors except for the penetration method.

Conclusions
Clinical context and intended application need to be communicated to manufacturers and considered for functional testing when devising end-user recommendations which must reflect a combination of factors.
Factitious Cushing’s syndrome, hypopituitarism, and self-provoked skin lesions: when the skin mirrors the soul
Authors: Cannavò Salvatore , Cannavò Serafinella Patrizia 
Published: August 2021

Summary
Factitious Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a very rare form of Münchausen syndrome. Its presentation and course are extremely heterogeneous, and diagnosis is generally challenging. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who was initially investigated because of the occurrence of cushingoid features. Nevertheless, endocrine work-up showed very low morning plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels. In addition, it also demonstrated central hypopituitarism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Head MRI showed a small pituitary mass. Based on these results, and probably overlooking the initial clinical suspicion, general practitioner (GP) referred the patient to our Endocrine Unit for hypopituitarism. At inspection, moon face, central obesity, and bruising were evident. Multiple ulcerative skin lesions were also concentrated in the right arm and leg. Dermatology evaluation suggested that the lesions were self-provoked. For several days, the patient denied the assumption of corticosteroids, but we finally discovered that the GP’ nurse had prescribed betamethasone without the GP’s knowledge for about 2 years. In conclusion, the surreptitious assumption of corticosteroids is very rare, but the physicians should be aware that pituitary function could be impaired by high doses of corticosteroids, mimicking hypopituitarism. In these patients, a multidisciplinary approach and environmental investigation can be useful to diagnose factitious CS.

Learning points

Surreptitious assumption of corticosteroids can cause heterogeneous presentation, ranging from Cushing’s syndrome to multiple hypopituitarism.

Suppression of ACTH and cortisol levels in a patient with cushingoid features firstly suggests surreptitious assumption of corticosteroids.

A multidisciplinary approach can be extremely useful in patients with suspected factitious Cushing’s syndrome.

Sometimes, to prove surreptitious assumption of corticosteroids needs environmental investigation.
Effect of chloroform on the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium retreatment instruments
Authors: KÜÇÜKKAYA EREN Selen , KELEŞ Ahmet , ASKERBEYLİ ÖRS Sevinc , AKSEL Hacer 
Published: August 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of 4 different rotary nickel-titanium
(NiTi) retreatment instruments after immersion in chloroform solution. Methods: A total of 120 ProTaper D3, R-Endo R3, D-Race DR2 and Mtwo
R2 retreatment instruments were used.
Thirty instruments of each system were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=15);
Group 1: no immersion and Group 2: immersion in chloroform for 5 min. The
instruments were operated in a dynamic cyclic fatigue test device until
fracture occurred. The number of cycles to fracture and length of the fractured
fragment for each instrument were recorded. Representative samples were
examined under a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed by using 2-way
analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests. Results: The ProTaper D3 and R-Endo R3 instruments showed the
highest cyclic fatigue resistance whether or not immersed in chloroform (p&lt;0.05).
The immersion in chloroform did not affect the cyclic fatigue resistance of the
instruments (p&gt;0.05). The Mtwo R2
instruments were more resistant to cyclic fatigue than the D-Race DR2
instruments before and after immersed in chloroform (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: The immersion in chloroform had no effect
on the cyclic fatigue resistance of retreatment instruments. The ProTaper D3
and R-Endo R3 instruments were more
resistant to cyclic fatigue than other retreatment instruments regardless of chloroform exposure.

Keywords: chloroform, cyclic fatigue, endodontics,
nickel-titanium, retreatment