bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independensi, Integritas, Serta Kompetensi Auditor Terhadap Kualitas Audit dengan Skeptisisme Profesional Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi
Authors: Santoso Rizky Darmawan , Budi Riharjo Ikhsan , Kurnia Kurnia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of independence, integrity and competence on audit quality and find out if it is proven that professional skepticism is able to moderate the effect of independence, integrity, competence, respectively on audit quality. The data collection method used is by distributing questionnaires to all public accounting firms (KAP) in the city of Surabaya. The sample selection technique uses a purposive sampling technique with KAP auditors as research subjects. The results showed that the higher the independence, integrity and competence, the better the audit quality would be. The moderating variable professional skepticism is able to moderate the positive influence of independence on audit quality, and negatively moderate the effect of integrity on audit quality but is not able to moderate the effect of competence on audit quality.
Keywords: independence, integrity, competence, professional skepticism, audit quality.
Analysis of Motivation and How The Students Learn in Pandemic
Authors: Wahyuddin  , Maharida  , Jusriadi Edi , Syafaruddin  
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to analyze and describe the level of learning motivation and students’ learning, as well as the obstacles faced by students in online learning during pandemic. This type of research was a qualitative descriptive study conducted at University of Muhammadiyah Makassar during March-April 2020. The population were 19,810, determining the number of samples with the Slovin formula so that the samples were 724 people. The sampling technique was accidental sampling. The method of collecting data using questionnaires that were distributed through google forms. The data analysis technique was descriptive qualitative to describe the research variables. Findings of the study conclude that: 1) Although the learning obstacles faced by students during the pandemic are quite a lot, but student learning motivation is in the high category with mean score is 4,11. Students’ motivation is seen from the indicators desire to succeed, the need for learning, the expectation of students' aspirations for their future, independent learning because of their own desires, committed to learning, having initiative in learning, and having an optimistic attitude in learning; 2) The way students learn is in the pandemic era in the good category with mean score is 3.51. Students have their own way of learning such as arrange learning schedule, rehearse the learning material, spend time reading books, articles and references, and make a summary of the material that has been discussed; 3) Learning constraints faced by students in the pandemic period are in the high category with mean score is 3.69.
Effects of Treating Prosopis Juliflora Pods with Multi-Enzyme, with and Without Bacterial Cultures on In-Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility (IVDMD), Fermentation Kinetics and Performance of Growing Pigs
Authors: MARII DAVID , Basole Olivier Kashongwe , King’ori Anthony 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of treating Prosopis juliflora pods with multi-enzyme and bacterial cultures on in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fermentation kinetics and performance of growing pigs. Experiment one consisted of a pepsin-pancreatine hydrolysis method to simulate in-vitro, the pig digestive system and was followed by in-vitro gas production to assess fermentation kinetics. Samples of ground Prosopis pod meal (GPPM) were allocated to four treatments with three replicates each. Treatments included GPPM treated with multi-enzyme (Natuzyme®) (T1); Untreated (GPPM) (T2); GPPM fermented with (Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 Ecosyl ®) (T3) and GPPM treated using natural fermentation (T4). The second experiment assessed the performance of pigs fed the best treatment from experiment 1. Thirty Landrace x Large white crosses of 20 ± 2 Kg were allotted to five treatments with six pigs each (replicates). The dietary treatments were PC -0% GPPM + Enzyme; NC − 0% GPPM and 0% Enzyme; D1–10% GPPM + Enzyme; D2- 20% GPPM + Enzyme; and D3- 30% GPPM + Enzyme. The completely randomized block design was used for both experiments. Enzyme treatment (T1) and T3 improved the IVDMD of the GPPM compared to T2 by 3.68% and 1.2% respectively (p < 0.05). Cumulative gas was highest and Tmax lowest for T1 but significantly different only to T4 (p < 0.05). Average daily gain and intake was highest for pigs fed GPPM up to 10% (PC, D1). Feed conversion ratio increased with the level of GPPM in the diet. Results suggest Prosopis juliflora pods treated with enzymes can be added in pig diets up to 30%.
Photoluminescence Optimization of Ca3(PO4)2:Eu3+ Phosphors By Crystallinity Improvement And Charge Compensation
Authors: KIM D.H. , PI J.W. , JUNG G.W. , KIM J.S. , Park K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, in order to improve the photoluminescence properties of Ca3(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors, alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, and K+) were doped into the Ca2.91(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors, and the effects of alkali metal ions on the structural and optical properties were investigated. The alkali metal ions significantly enhanced the emission intensity and improved the emission color quality because they induced the charge balance, improved the crystalline quality, and stabilized the crystal structure, namely, the alkali metal ions in Ca3(PO4)2:Tb3+ acted as both charge compensators and fluxes. Of the alkali metal ions used, Li+ was an optimal cation to improve the emission intensity and color purity. The Ca2.82(PO4)2:0.09Eu3+, 0.09Li+ phosphor showed a 40% stronger red emission intensity than that of the Ca2.91(PO4)2:0.09Eu3+ phosphor. We demonstrate that incorporating alkali metal ions, especially Li+, is important to improve the emission intensity and color purity.
EML1 is essential for retinal photoreceptor localization and light detection
Authors: Poria Deepak , Sun Chi , Santeford Andrea , Kielar Michel , Apte Rajendra S. , Kisselev Oleg G. , Chen Shimming , Kefalov Vladimir J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Calcium regulates the response sensitivity, kinetics and adaptation in photoreceptors. In striped bass cones, this calcium feedback includes direct modulation of the transduction cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels by the calcium-binding protein CNG-modulin. However, the possible role of EML1, the mammalian homolog of CNG-modulin, in modulating phototransduction in mammalian photoreceptors has not been examined. Here, we used mice expressing mutant Eml1 to investigate its role in the development and function of mouse photoreceptors using immunostaining, in-vivo and ex-vivo retinal recordings, and single-cell suction recordings. We found that the mutation of Eml1 causes significant changes in the mouse retinal structure characterized by mislocalization of rods and cones in the inner retina. Consistent with the fraction of mislocalized photoreceptors, rod and cone-driven retina responses were reduced in the mutants. However, the Eml1 mutation had no effect on the dark-adapted responses of rods in the outer nuclear layer. Notably, we observed no changes in the cone sensitivity in the Eml1 mutant animals, either in darkness or during light adaptation, ruling out a role for EML1 in modulating cone CNG channels. Together, our results suggest that EML1 plays an important role in retina development but does not modulate phototransduction in mammalian rods and cones.
Delivery, Feeding and Gender Differently Contribute to Infant Gut Microbiota Development
Authors: Ding Juan , Ma Xiao , Ren Hongyan , Zhi Chenyang , Xin Qi , Li Zhen , Han Liping , Zhao Xianlan , Zhuo Zhihong , Li Ang , Liu Chao , Ren Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To characterize gut microbiome of the infant during the first year of life and assess the different contributions of delivery mode, feeding mode and infant gender to gut microbial development. We collected 314 faecal samples from 80 infants at 5 time points of 0, 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months prospectively, and finally 213 samples completed Miseq sequencing and analysis. We characterized gut microbiome of the infant at the different phases and evaluated the different contributions of delivery mode, feeding mode and gender to gut microbial development. Delivery mode, gender and feeding mode were the strongest factors determining gut microbiome colonization at 0 months, from 1 month to 6 months and 12 months, respectively. Four genera including Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium were increased, whereas 10 genera e.g. Salmonella and Enterobacter were reduced, in vaginal delivery versus cesarean section. Two genera including Peptostreptococcaceae incertae sedis and Anaerococcus were increased, whereas 3 genera e.g. Coriobacteriaceae uncultured were reduced, in exclusive breastfeeding versus combined feeding. This study indicated the contribution degrees of delivery mode, feeding mode and gender to gut microbial initiation and evolvement, and reported microbial differences induced by the different delivery mode, feeding mode and gender.
A Novel Optimization Method for Halbach Magnet
Authors: Jiang Wenjuan , Li Junzhou , Sheng Didi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Portable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instruments are widely used in many fields. However, the large volume, low uniformity and end effect limits the application of portable NMR instruments. In order to improve the uniformity and compensate the end effect, a Halbach structure with 9-layer permanent magnet is proposed, which is optimized by axially adjusting the magnet height based on the Halbach array principle and Quality factor (Q) is introduced to represent the magnetic field uniformity at both ends of the central cylinder region. Each layer consists of 16 permanent magnets with trapezoidal cross section and the total volume is Φ240 × 141.8 mm. Through simulation, it is found that the final magnetic flux density is 1.09 T and the uniformity is 418 ppm in the central region (Φ20 × 20 mm) of the optimized structure. The proposed structure has the advantages of small size, compactness in structure and homogeneity, which is very suitable for portable NMR systems.
Maize Hybrids: Mega-Environments in Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Wicaksana Noladhi , Maulana Haris , Yuwariah Yuyun , Suryadi Edy , Supriatna Jajang , Ruswandi Dedi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Identification of grain yields on stable and high yielding maize hybrids in a wide environment requires high accuracy. There were many stability measurement methods used in multi-environment experiments. However, the relationship between each measurement was still difficult to understand. The objectives of this study were to: 1. identified the effect of growing season, location, hybrids (genotypes), and their interactions (GEIs) on grain yields; 2. determined the relationship between each stability measurement; 3. selected the stable and high yielding maize hybrids in a wide environment; and 4. determined favorable (discriminativeness) locations for testing. The field experiment was conducted at eight locations in Java island, Indonesia during two seasons used a randomized completed block design with three replications. The experimental results showed that the main effects of growing season, location, hybrid, and GEIs, had a significant effect on maize hybrid yields. Stability measurements S(3), S(6), NP(2), NP(3), NP(4), and CVi, belong to the concept of dynamic stability that can be used to selected maize hybrids in favorable environments, while other measurements were classified as in the concept of static stability. Two maize hybrids were successfully selected to have high and stable yields based on numerical and visual measurements, namely SC3 and SC9. The two hybrids can be used as candidates for a sustainable maize development program. GJRS and KARS were the most discriminativeness environments. Both can be used as a favorable environment for selecting the ideal maize hybrid.
Dead body as an object of sensory perception in the space of the Andean civilization
Authors: Новосёлова Е.В. 
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме отношения к мертвому телу, которое бытовало среди носителей Андской цивилизации преимущественно в XV–XVII вв. Автор анализирует погребальные обычаи и сопутствующие представления, зафиксированные в письменных (в т.ч. архивных) и материальных источниках. Делается вывод, что в Андской цивилизации существовало представление о необходимости регулярного физического контакта с телами умерших, что наложило отпечаток на представления о мертвом теле. Но после того, как этот контакт стал затруднен или невозможен, соответствующие представления подверглись трансформации. В итоге на современном этапе андское отношение к мертвому телу приблизилось к христианскому.The article is dedicated to the attitude to the dead body, which existed among the representatives of the Andean civilization mainly in the 15th – 17th centuries. The author analyzes funeral customs and representations recorded in written (including archival) and material sources. It is concluded that in the Andean civilization of the period under review, there was an idea of the need for regular physical contact between livings and dead bodies, which left an imprint on the idea of a dead body. But when this contact became very difficult or impossible, these representations underwent a transformation. Presently the Andean attitude to the dead body is closer to the Christian one.
A look at power and the city with and without spectacles: Descriptions of Paris and London in 1698
Authors: Стогова А.В. 
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению двух связанных между собой текстов – «Путешествия в Париж в 1698 году», составленного английским медиком и ученым, членом Лондонского королевского общества Мартином Листером на основе личных наблюдений в ходе поездки, и пародии на это сочинение, «Путешествия в Лондон в 1698 году» юриста, поэта и сатирика Уильяма Кинга. Анализ этих произведений показывает, как приложение к изучению города идеи ученого, на чьи наблюдения не должны влиять существующие авторитетные мнения, и который не должен обращать вни-мание лишь на то, что бросается в глаза, становится для Листера инструментом критики авторитарной власти Людовика XIV. С другой стороны, сатира Кинга демонст-рирует, что наблюдения, не соотнесенные с авторитетными мнениями, не позволяют отделить значимое от незначительного, что лишает создаваемый образ города его важнейшей характеристики – статуса столицы государства и центра власти. Он использует этот тезис как инструмент критики новой модели знания и науки, продвигаемой Лондонским королевским обществом. В обоих случаях независимость взгляда ученого-наблюдателя и стремление отказаться от признания авторитетов неизбежно коррелирует с непризнанием авторитета существующей политической власти.
This article examines two related texts – Journey to Paris in 1698 by Martin Lister, an English physician and scholar and member of the Royal Society of London, based on personal observations during his travels, and a satire on this work, Journey to London in 1698 by the lawyer, poet and satirist William King. An analysis of these writings shows how the application of the idea of the scholar, whose observations should not be influenced by existing authoritative opinions and who should not succumb to paying attention only to what catches his eye, towards the study of the city becomes for Lister an instrument for the criticism of the authoritarian power of the French king Louis XIV. King's satire, on the other hand, shows that observation without reference to authoritative opinion fails to distinguish the significant from the inconsequential, which deprives the city's image of its most important characteristic: its status as the capital and centre of power. He uses this thesis as an instrument to criticize the new model of knowledge and science promoted by the Royal Society of London. In both cases, the independence of the scholar-observer's view and the tendency to refuse recognition of authoritative judgments inevitably correlate with a failure to recognise the authority of existing political power.
Religious sources of the ideal model of imprisonment in social and legal discourse of the late xviii-early xix century
Authors: Васильева С.А. 
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена изучению религиозных истоков системы одиночного тюремного содержания нового типа, возникшей в Великобритании и США в конце XVIII – начале XIX в. Эпоха Просвещения привела к радикальным изменениям в системе уголовного правосудия. Этот период принято считать началом «эры карательной сдержанности»: постепенное законодательное ограничение санкций в виде смертной казни привело к качественным изменениям всей системы уголовных наказаний. Английские протестанты впервые предложили рассматривать наказание как средство перевоспитания осужденного в условиях одиночного заключения. Идеальной моделью реформатория стал образ «кита Ионы» как места и обстоятельства, когда грешник, преступивший закон, сможет установить невероятное соединение с Господом, покаяться и получить искупление. Исход такой теологии – надежда на то, что Бог позволит «вырваться из тюрьмы измененной личностью».
This article is devoted to the study of the religious origins of the modern prison system of solitary confinement, that was developed in the UK and the USA in the late XVIII – early XIX century. The period of the Enlightenment led to radical changes in the system of criminal justice. This period is considered to be “the era of punitive restraint”: gradual legislative restrictions put on such sanctions as death penalty led to qualitative changes in the entire system of criminal penalties as a whole. Religious principles of the Protestants expressed in the model of solitary confinement. The ideal model of the reformatory was the image of the “Jonah’s Whale” as a place and circumstance when the sinner (prisoner) was able to establish an incredible connection with God, to repent and atone for his crimes. The outcome of this theology was the hope that God would break out of prison “the reborn identity”.
Comprehension of the national experience of interaction with Hungarian political elites in Serbian liberal journalism (1861-1872)
Authors: Новосельцева Л.К. 
Published: August 2021

Национальная самоорганизация сербов в Австрийской монархии с 1690 по 1867 гг. претерпела значительные изменения в ходе взаимодействия с венгерскими элитами (администрацией комитатов, католическим духовенством, депутатским корпусом Государственного собрания). На материале периодической печати, программных политических манифестов, источников личного происхождения и др. в статье показано, как затяжной сербо-мадьярский конфликт при вмешательстве в него австрийских властей сформировал «стратегию выживания в условиях полиэтничного государства и политическую культуру сербов, базировавшуюся на устойчивой антипатии к осуществляемой концепции развития в Венгерском королевстве единой политической нации. Также представлен новый взгляд на мобилизацию сербского сообщества в условиях принудительной интеграции, наиболее действенными средствами которой являлись популяризация травмирующего опыта взаимоотношений с титульным этносом и его стигматизация путем применения «языка вражды» в пропагандистской компании, развернутой сербскими либералами в 1866–1872 гг.The Serbs’ national self-organisation in the Habsburg monarchy from 1690 to 1867 underwent significant changes in the course of interaction with the Hungarian elites (county administrations, the Catholic clergy, deputies of the Diet). Periodicals, political writings, ego-documents and other sources demonstrate how the Serbian–Magyar conflict against the background of the Austrian authorities’ interference into the inter-ethnic relations resulted in the making of a “survival strategy” in the composite monarchy and crystallisation of a specific political culture of the Serbs, based on a stable antipathy to the triumph of the concept of “natio Hungarica”. The article presents a new look at mobilisation of the Serbian community in the context of forced integration, the most effective means of which were the popularisation of traumatic experience of relationships with the titular nation and its stigmatisation by using the “hate speech” in the propaganda campaign launched by Serbian liberals in 1866–1872.
Empire and the power of knowledge: Modern approaches to studying botany in the 18th century
Authors: Шипицына Ю.С. 
Published: August 2021

В статье представлен обзор современной историографии вопроса о взаимосвязи развития ботанического знания и имперских властных институтов в XVIII в. На основе различных теоретических подходов раскрывается содержание понятия «имперская ботаника». Особое внимание уделено теоретическому наследию французского социолога Бруно Латура.The article presents a review of contemporary studies of the topic of the links between a botany and empire in the 18th century. The term of “the botany of empire” is defined in the context of various theoretical approaches. The special attention has been given to theoretical heritage of French sociologist Bruno Latour.
«Reform, reformation and replenishment of the Church»: Historical and analytical review of A.V. Kartashev's treatise
Authors: Воронцова И.В. 
Published: August 2021

Предмет исследования – сочинение А.В. Карташева «Реформа, реформация и исполнение Церкви», его речь 1916 г. в Петербургском религиозно-философском обществе о «внешнем» и «внутреннем» развитии Русской Церкви в преддверии Февральской революции. ПРФО было попыткой вернуться к Петербургским религиозно-фило-софским собраниям (1901–1903), на которых религиозная интеллигенция выдвинула Церкви предложения по церковной реформе и начала религиозное движение. Его задачей была пропаганда нового религиозного сознания (НРС), воцерковление культуры как фактора обожения человека. Церковь призвали изменить отношение к «пло-ти» и слиться с общественной жизнью религиозно. Считается, что трактат направлен против церковной реформации. Реконструкция его содержания в доктринальной системе НРС показывает, что Карташев в 1916 г. верен своим взглядам начала века.
The subject of the research is the work of A.V. Kartashev «Reform, reformation and replenishment of the Church». This is Kartashev's speech at the St. Petersburg religious and philosophical society (1907–1917) about the «external» and «internal» development of the Russian Church on the eve of The February bourgeois-democratic revolution. PRFO was an attempt to return to the St. Petersburg religious and philosophical meetings (1901–1903), at which the religious intelligentsia in the context of the historical modernization of the country put forward proposals for Church reform to the Church and started a religious movement. Its task was to promote a new religious consciousness (NRC), and to establish culture as a factor of human deification. The Church was called to change its attitude to the «flesh» and merge with public life religiously. It is believed that in the treatise Kartashev opposed the Church reformation in Russia. Reconstruction of the content of the treatise in the doctrinal system of the NRC shows that Kartashev in 1916 was true to his views of the beginning of the century.