bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and electrophysiological predictors of device-detected new-onset atrial fibrillation during 3 years after cardiac surgery
Authors: Bidar Elham , Zeemering Stef , Gilbers Martijn , Isaacs Aaron , Verheule Sander , Zink Matthias D , Maesen Bart , Bramer Sander , Kawczynski Michal , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Crijns Harry J G M , Maessen Jos G , Schotten Ulrich 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery is an independent predictor of stroke and mortality late after discharge. We aimed to determine the burden and predictors of early (up to 5th postoperative day) and late (after 5th postoperative day) new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) using implantable loop recorders (ILRs) in patients undergoing open chest cardiac surgery.

Methods and results
Seventy-nine patients without a history of AF undergoing cardiac surgery underwent peri-operative high-resolution mapping of electrically induced AF and were followed 36 months after surgery using an ILR (Reveal XT™). Clinical and electrophysiological predictors of late POAF were assessed. POAF occurred in 46 patients (58%), with early POAF detected in 27 (34%) and late POAF in 37 patients (47%). Late POAF episodes were short-lasting (mostly between 2 min and 6 h) and showed a circadian rhythm pattern with a peak of episode initiation during daytime. In POAF patients, electrically induced AF showed more complex propagation patterns than in patients without POAF. Early POAF, right atrial (RA) volume, prolonged PR time, and advanced age were independent predictors of late POAF.

Conclusions
Late POAF occurred in 47% of patients without a history of AF. Patients who develop early POAF, with higher age, larger RA, or prolonged PR time have a higher risk of developing late POAF and may benefit from intensified rhythm follow-up after cardiac surgery.

Clinicaltrials.gov number
NCT01530750.
Growth and Wood Quality Traits in aDipteryx alataVog. (Fabaceae) Progeny and Provenance Test
Authors: Santos T S , Martins K , Aguiar A V , Baptista Filho M J , Menucelli J R , Faria R F P , Moura R D , Machado J A R , Longui E L 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDipteryx alata Vog. presents an excellent economic potential because of its multiple uses. However, it is currently threatened as a result of the degradation of the biome in which it occurs, the Brazilian Cerrado. Therefore, our goal was to provide subsidies for future breeding and ex situ conservation programs of D. alata. We evaluated genetic variation in growth, stem form, and wood quality traits in a progeny and provenance test planted in a random complete block design. The traits were measured in 37-year-old trees. Significant effect for provenance was obtained for all evaluated traits except bifurcation, but progeny effect was significant only for acoustic wave velocity (AWV). The estimates of individual narrow sense heritability were of low magnitude for all traits except AWV (0.24 ± 0.09). Eleven groups were formed based on Mahalanobis genetic distance with 83.1% of progenies allocated to one group. Dipteryx alata has genetic variability between progenies and provenances that can be explored to obtain genetic gain, especially for AWV. We also recommend the use of multi-trait selection index to obtain gains for both growth and wood quality traits. Controlled pollination between individuals from different progeny groups would increase variability in next generation breeding.
Whole-genome assembly of Corylus avellana cv “Tonda Gentile delle Langhe” using linked-reads (10X Genomics)
Authors: Pavese Vera , Cavalet-Giorsa Emile , Barchi Lorenzo , Acquadro Alberto , Torello Marinoni Daniela , Portis Ezio , Lucas Stuart James , Botta Roberto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.; 2n = 2x = 22) is a worldwide economically important tree nut that is cross-pollinated due to sporophytic incompatibility. Therefore, any individual plant is highly heterozygous. Cultivars are clonally propagated using mound layering, rooted suckers, and micropropagation. In recent years, the interest in this crop has increased, due to a growing demand related to the recognized health benefits of nut consumption. C. avellana cv “Tonda Gentile delle Langhe” (“TGdL”) is well-known for its high kernel quality, and the premium price paid for this cultivar is an economic benefit for producers in northern Italy. Assembly of a high-quality genome is a difficult task in many plant species because of the high level of heterozygosity. We assembled a chromosome-level genome sequence of “TGdL” with a two-step approach. First, 10X Genomics Chromium Technology was used to create a high-quality sequence, which was then assembled into scaffolds with cv “Tombul” genome as the reference. Eleven pseudomolecules were obtained, corresponding to 11 chromosomes. A total of 11,046 scaffolds remained unplaced, representing 11% of the genome (46,504,161 bp). Gene prediction, performed with Maker-P software, identified 27,791 genes (AED ≤0.4 and 92% of BUSCO completeness), whose function was analyzed with BlastP and InterProScan software. To characterize “TGdL” specific genetic mechanisms, Orthofinder was used to detect orthologs between hazelnut and closely related species. The “TGdL” genome sequence is expected to be a powerful tool to understand hazelnut genetics and allow detection of markers/genes for important traits to be used in targeted breeding programs.
Draft nuclear genome and complete mitogenome of the Mediterranean corn borer,Sesamia nonagrioides, a major pest of maize
Authors: Muller Héloïse , Ogereau David , Da Lage Jean-Luc , Capdevielle Claire , Pollet Nicolas , Fortuna Taiadjana , Jeannette Rémi , Kaiser Laure , Gilbert Clément 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Mediterranean corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) is a major pest of maize in Europe and Africa. Here, we report an assembly of the nuclear and mitochondrial genome of a pool of inbred males and females third-instar larvae, based on short- and long-read sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome is 15,330 bp and contains all expected 13 and 24 protein-coding and RNA genes, respectively. The nuclear assembly is 1021 Mb, composed of 2553 scaffolds and it has an N50 of 1105 kb. It is more than twice larger than that of all Noctuidae species sequenced to date, mainly due to a higher repeat content. A total of 17,230 protein-coding genes were predicted, including 15,776 with InterPro domains. We provide detailed annotation of genes involved in sex determination (doublesex, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein, and P-element somatic inhibitor) and of alpha-amylase genes possibly involved in interaction with parasitoid wasps. We found no evidence of recent horizontal transfer of bracovirus genes from parasitoid wasps. These genome assemblies provide a solid molecular basis to study insect genome evolution and to further develop biocontrol strategies against S. nonagrioides.
Perceived Gratitude, Role Overload, and Mental Health Among Spousal Caregivers of Older Adults
Authors: Nah Suyoung , Martire Lynn M , Zhaoyang Ruixue 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated whether spousal caregivers’ greater perception of being appreciated by their partner for their help was associated with caregivers’ better mental health and whether caregivers’ higher role overload was related to their poorer mental health. We further evaluated whether spousal caregivers’ greater perceived gratitude buffered the association between their role overload and mental health.

Methods
We examined 306 spousal caregivers of older adults with chronic illness or disability, drawn from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving. We defined mental health as better psychological well-being and less psychological distress (i.e., fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms). Hierarchical regression models were estimated to test hypotheses.

Results
Greater perceived gratitude was associated with better psychological well-being, and higher role overload was related to poorer psychological well-being and greater psychological distress. In addition, greater perceived gratitude buffered the associations between role overload and anxiety symptoms as well as psychological well-being.

Discussion
Findings suggest that spousal caregivers’ role overload may be a strong risk factor for their poorer mental health, especially when caregivers feel less appreciated by their partner. Couple-oriented interventions to improve spousal caregivers’ mental health could be aimed at reducing their role overload and enhancing perceived gratitude.
Report on the Kyoto Guidelines of the ILA Committee on Intellectual Property and Private International Law
Authors: Sutterer Moritz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2010 the International Law Association (ILA) formed a committee to develop a new set of rules on intellectual property and private international law. In 2020 the committee presented its work at the 79th Kyoto Conference of the ILA. The ‘Kyoto Guidelines’ cover all areas of IP and all aspects of private international law. This report presents the Kyoto Guidelines and particularly looks at four questions of private international law: initial ownership; jurisdiction and applicable law in cases of multi-state infringements; validity claims of registered rights which arise incidentally; and cross-border collective copyright management.
178 Relationships Between Sow Blood Glucose Levels on Day of Farrowing and Sow and Litter Parameters
Authors: Yeich Brian P , Rivas Rafael Ovidio Bautista , Willard Naomi C , Vande Pol Katherine D , Morris Jenny R , Espinal Alicia Olivo , Moest Nicole K , Shull Caleb M , Ellis Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Low blood glucose levels at the start of farrowing have been associated with increased farrowing duration and stillbirth rate. This study evaluated changes in sow blood glucose (BG) on the day of farrowing and investigated relationships between sow and litter parameters and BG. The study was carried out over 12 h from 0600h (time of last feeding) on the day sows were induced to farrow (d 115 of gestation) as a cross-sectional survey using 42 sows/gilts of which 32 farrowed. Blood samples (1.2 μL) were collected from an ear vein of each sow every 2 h from 0600 h; glucose was measured using a glucometer (Accuchek Aviva; Roche Diabetes Care, Inc., Indianapolis, IN). Sow parameters recorded included parity, body condition score (BCS: 1 = extremely thin to 5 = extremely fat), number of piglets born, total litter birth weight, and farrowing duration. Linear relationships between sow parameters and BG were developed using PROC REG of SAS. Sows that farrowed had similar (P &gt; 0.05) BG to those that did not (84.4 vs. 86.8 mg/dL; SEM 1.76). Regression relationships between sow parameters and BG were generally weak (adjusted R2 ≤ 0.20). There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of time after feeding, time after start of farrowing, or time interval between piglet births on BG. Average BG levels increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with sow BCS (7.6 mg/dL/BCS; SE 2.63) but decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with sow parity (-2.5 mg/dL/litter; SE 0.96), litter size (-0.8 mg/dL/piglet; SE 0.28), litter weight (-0.06 mg/dL/kg; SE 0.26), and farrowing duration (-1.8 mg/dL/h; SE 0.82). In contrast to previous research, changes in BG from last feed to start of farrowing (which ranged from 0 to 9 h) and relationship with other sow and litter parameters were relatively limited.
90 Comparing Methods of Raising Twin Beef Calves
Authors: Bortoluzzi Eduarda M Mazzardo , Aubuchon Kolton , Robben Nicole D , Goering Mikayla , Bronkhorst Claiborn , Odde John A , Breiner Clay , Fike Karol E , Hulbert Lindsey E , Odde Kenneth G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Twinning has shown promise as a means of increasing reproductive efficiency in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of 1) twin calves raised by their dam (twin born-twin raised; TT); 2) twin calves where one calf was grafted to another cow that lost her calf and one calf was left with their dam (twin born-single raised; TS); and 3) single born calves that were raised by their dams (single born-single raised; S). To achieve twinning, sixty-three Angus-cross cows were estrus synchronized and artificially inseminated. Seven days later, an embryo was placed into the uterine horn contralateral to the corpus luteum. Fourteen twin pairs and 11 singleton calves were produced from the described technique. Three natural twin pairs were added to the study. Birth order was recorded for twin calves (1=first calf; 2=second calf). Birth weights (BW) and blood samples for measuring serum total protein, IgG1, and IgM were collected 24 h post-calving. Calves were weighed at approximately six months of age, and a 200-d adjusted weight was calculated using the following equation: [(ADG x 200 d) + BW=A200dW]. Calf behavior data collected included interval to standing and first nursing, duration of dam nursing, and duration of non-dam nursing. Single calves had greater (P &lt; 0.001) BW compared to TT and TS. Adjusted 200-d weights were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for S compared to TS. There was a positive correlation between BW and A200dW (r=.32; P &lt; 0.05). Behavior data did not differ among raising methods. Twin-single calves had lower (P &lt; 0.05) serum IgG1 concentrations compared to S calves. Twin-Twin calves had a combined A200dW of 185 kg more than single born-single raised calves.
86 Effect of Post-metaphylactic Interval on Health and Performance of Steers Administered Tildipirosin for the Control of Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Streeter Marshall N , Szasz Josh , Bryant Tony C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Crossbred beef steers (n = 8160; 294 + 10.4 kg) were used in a randomized complete block designed study to determine the effects of post-metaphylactic interval (PMI) on health, live and carcass performance. Steers were administered tildipirosin for the control of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) before being randomly allocated to PMI treatments (4-, 7-, 10-, or 13-day PMI). Treatments were replicated in forty - 204 head pens with each treatment represented within 10 arrival blocks. Blocks ranged from 4 to 15 unique sources of cattle representing five states (AR, FL, GA, LA, TX). Steers were observed daily (217 + 14 d) by trained pen riders with steers suffering from BRD receiving a common antibiotic therapy across PMI treatment. Data were evaluated using linear, quadratic and cubic contrasts. First pull BRD morbidity decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and tended to decrease quadratically (P = 0.08) as PMI increased with the greatest BRD morbidity at 7 days (12.9%) and the least at 13 days (9.5%). First pull BRD relapses tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.10) with increasing PMI. Total first pull morbidity, for all causes, decreased quadratically (P = 0.02) as PMI increased with the greatest morbidly occurring with a 7-day PMI (15.8%) and the least with a 13-day PMI (11.5%). Mortality caused by BRD (0.73%; P &gt; 0.70) and all causes (1.41%; P &gt; 0.20) or chronicity (1.60%; P &gt; 0.15), resulting from failure to respond to therapy, were not affected by PMI. Final body weight, ADG, DMI, Gain:Feed, and HCW were not affected (P &gt; 0.20) by PMI. Total and BRD morbidity can be reduced by increasing PMI up to 13 days in cattle at moderate risk of developing BRD (15% morbidity, 1% mortality, 1% chronicity) without adversely affecting mortality, chronicity or live and carcass performance.
88 Foundational Investigations of Tissue Dimensions and Their Relation to Captive Bolt application Sites on Cadaver Heads from Mature Swine–A Preliminary Report
Authors: Anderson Karly N , Baysinger Angela , Benjamin Madonna , Claus James , O’Brien Brett , Ramirez Alejandro , Reyes Arquimides , Vogel Kurt D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to contrast the soft tissue thickness, cranial thickness, total tissue thickness, and cross-sectional brain area from the common frontal captive bolt placement for the captive bolt euthanasia of swine with the alternative temporal and caudal to pinna placements. One hundred and fifty-seven cadaver heads from sows and boars with estimated body weights greater than 200 kg were collected from a regional slaughter establishment following electrical stunning and assigned to the FRONTAL, TEMPORAL, or CAUDAL to pinna captive bolt placement treatments after cooling at 2–4°C for approximately 64 h. In sows, soft tissue thickness was different (P ˂ 0.0001) between the three placements (FRONTAL: 13.9±1.1 mm, TEMPORAL: 45.93±1.1 mm, CAUDAL TO PINNA: 53.8±1.1 mm), cranial thickness was different (P ˂ 0.0001) between the three placements (FRONTAL: 47.1±1.4 mm, TEMPORAL: 17.6±1.4 mm, CAUDAL TO PINNA: 30.2±1.4 mm), total tissue thickness was different (P &lt; 0.0001) between the three placements (FRONTAL: 61.03±1.4 mm, TEMPORAL: 63.49±1.4 mm, CAUDAL TO PINNA: 84.05±1.4 mm), and cross-sectional brain area was different (P &lt; 0.0001) between the three placements (FRONTAL: 4509.0±238.0 mm2, TEMPORAL: 1964.4±238.0 mm2, CAUDAL TO PINNA: 2767.5±238.0 mm2). In boars, soft tissue thickness was different (P &lt; 0.0001) between the three placements (FRONTAL: 12.9±1.7mm, TEMPORAL: 45.3±1.7 mm, CAUDAL TO PINNA: 54.7±1.7 mm), cranial thickness was different (P = 0.0193) between the FRONTAL and TEMPORAL treatments (FRONTAL: 34.8±3.2mm, TEMPORAL: 22.1±3.2 mm, CAUDAL TO PINNA: 31.7±3.2 mm), total tissue thickness was different (P &lt; 0.0001) between the three placements (FRONTAL: 47.7±3.2 mm, TEMPORAL: 67.4±3.2 mm, CAUDAL TO PINNA: 86.4±3.2mm), and cross-sectional brain area was different (P &lt; 0.0001) between the three placements (FRONTAL: 4031.9±153.2mm2, TEMPORAL: 1241.8±153.2 mm2, CAUDAL TO PINNA: 2467.5±153.2 mm2). Overall, the preliminary data indicated that the FRONTAL placement appears to have the greatest likelihood for successful euthanasia and may present less risk than the alternative TEMPORAL or CAUDAL TO PINNA placements.
85 Vaccination Mitigates Performance Losses During a Lawsonia Intracellularis Experimental Challenge
Authors: Helm Emma T , Burrough Eric R , Leite Fernando L , Gabler Nicholas K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lawsonia intracellularis is endemic to swine herds worldwide. Currently, vaccination is one of the few strategies available to mitigate L. intracellularis. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the impact of vaccination on growth performance and disease severity during experimental challenge. Thirty-six L. intracellularis negative barrows were assigned to treatment groups as follows (n = 12/trt): 1) nonvaccinated, L. intracellularis negative (NC); 2) nonvaccinated, L intracellularis challenged (PC); and 3) L. intracellularis challenged, vaccinated (Enterisol® Ileitis, Boehringer Ingelheim) at 1 week postweaning (VAC). On days post inoculation (dpi) 0 (7 weeks post-weaned) PC and VAC pigs were inoculated with L. intracellularis. Individual feed disappearance and BW were recorded weekly and all pigs were euthanized at dpi 21. Post-inoculation, ADG was reduced in PC (P &lt; 0.001) and VAC (P = 0.001) pigs compared with NC pigs. Average daily gain was additionally reduced in PC pigs compared with VAC pigs (P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, ADFI was reduced in PC (P &lt; 0.001) and VAC (P = 0.029) pigs compared with NC pigs, and further reduced in PC pigs compared with VAC pigs (P = 0.032). Overall G:F was reduced in PC pigs compared with NC (P &lt; 0.001) and VAC (P = 0.015) pigs, which did not differ. For antibody response and fecal shedding, NC pigs remained negative. Antibody responses and fecal shedding were lower in VAC pigs compared with PC pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Ileal gross lesion severity was greater in PC pigs compared with VAC (P = 0.018) and NC (P = 0.003) pigs, which did not differ. Similarly, ileal lesion length was greater in PC pigs compared with NC (P = 0.007) and VAC (P = 0.045) pigs. Microscopic lesion severity was greater in PC pigs compared with both PC and VAC pigs (P &lt; 0.05). Taken together, these data characterize the impact L. intracellularis has on growth performance of pigs and highlight the importance of vaccination to prevent disease associated performance losses.
286 Where Is On-farm Animal Welfare in the United States Headed? A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Brown Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Both the United States and Canada are major exporters of pork, with market forces and consumer demand playing a more important role than legislation in defining production standards. Canadian welfare standards can be seen as intermediate between those in America and Europe, with the province of Quebec leading the way in Canada’s production of “high welfare” pork. In many other respects- such as farm size, diets, genetics and management, pig farms in Canada and the United States are very similar. What can U.S. producers learn from Canada’s experience in implementation of new welfare standards? This talk discusses Canada’s 2014 implementation of the Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Pigs. The Code included multiple new requirements, including the transition to group housing for gestating sows, use of analgesics at castration and tail docking, space allowances and the provision of enrichment. Code development is overseen by the National Farm Animal Care Council (NFACC) in cooperation with the Canadian Pork Council (CPC) and with participation of government, industry and public partners. In 2020, the Pig Code underwent a 5-year review, which resulted in eight major recommendations. Five of those recommendations will require amendments to the code and are yet to be approved. Each change illustrates a balance between economics and welfare in a highly competitive and changing industry. For example, the 2014 Code promoted adoption of group housing for sows by July 1, 2024. While integrated production systems committed to, and invested heavily in, implementation of group gestation, the cost of barn conversion and poor pork returns have been major deterrents on many farms. The CPC estimates that in 2021, 44% of Canada’s sow herd will be managed in groups. The Code review recognized that not all producers will be able to transition by 2024, and that forcing producers to convert on a strict timeline would result in a worsening of the animal’s welfare. The review recommended changing the date for implementation of group housing from 2024 to 2029. This more gradual transition will allow renovations to be part of a scheduled rebuild of an existing facility or new construction, with better long-term outcomes for producers and sow wellbeing.
285 Panel: Recent Practical Advancements Related to On-farm Animal Welfare in the United States
Authors: Baysinger Angela , Ayers Paul , Wisdom Stephanie , Holt Jon P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this panel session is to highlight recent practical solutions and advancements to farm animal welfare challenges in the United States. Through a moderated discussion with session attendees, professionals and experts representing a variety of livestock industry and academic sectors will be given the opportunity to share their professional experiences in working to improve animal welfare by highlighting examples of practical solutions they have undertaken. Additionally, a discussion will be held on the future direction of farm animal welfare needs and barriers to implementation of animal welfare-related strategies.