bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Conventional Osteotomes and Magic Saws in Terms of Edema and Ecchymosis After Rhinoplasty
Authors: Yildirim Yavuz Sultan Selim , Seneldir Sureyya , Cetiner Hasan 
Published: July 2021

Objective:The goal of this study was to compare conventional osteotomes and Magic Saws in terms of edema and ecchymosis, in rhinoplasty patients.Study Design:A retrospective, case-control study.Methods:In this prospective, randomized study, we evaluated the results of 258 rhinoplasty patients who underwent osteotomy by either conventional osteotomes or new designed saws called; “Magic Saws.” On postoperative days 2 and 7, the patients were photographed by the surgeon; photographs were evaluated by another otolaryngologist, blinded from the osteotomy procedure.Results:There were no statistically differences between the groups, in terms of age, sex, weight, or average arterial blood pressure (P > 0.05). The postoperative periorbital edema (days 2 and 7) and ecchymosis (day 2) scores were significantly higher in the conventional osteotomy group, as compared to Magic Saw group (P < 0.05). However, on postoperative day 7, the differences in the periorbital ecchymosis scores between the groups, were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).Conclusions:As compared to conventional osteotomes, Magic Saws were reported to be associated with minimal soft tissue injury, as well as decreased edema and ecchymosis, in the early postoperative period after rhinoplasty.
NO, way to go: critical amino acids to replenish nitric oxide production in treating mucositis
Authors: Molendijk Eva Benedicte Dieudonnée , Blijlevens Nicole Marie Anna 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
There is still an unmet need for preventive and treatment strategies for chemotherapy-induced and radiotherapy-induced mucositis and its associated systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in cancer patients. Because of citrulline depletion due to cytotoxic therapy, nitric oxide (NO) production can be reduced, limiting its effect in many physiological processes. Restoring NO production could relieve mucositis severity by supporting host damage control mechanisms. Amino acids glutamine, arginine and citrulline are involved in NO production. This review including recent literature of preclinical and clinical studies will discuss the potential benefits of glutamine, arginine and citrulline on mucositis development with focus on NO production.

Recent findings
Mucositis severity is more defined by host response to DNA damage than by DMA damage itself. Citrulline depletion because of afunctional enterocytes could be responsible for NO depletion during cytotoxic therapy. Restoring NO production during cytotoxic therapy could have a beneficial effect on mucositis development. Citrulline seems a more promising NO donor than glutamine or arginine during cytotoxic therapy, although clinical studies in mucositis patients are currently lacking.

Summary
Glutamine, arginine and citrulline show in-vitro beneficial effects on inflammatory processes involved in mucositis. Translation to the clinic is difficult as demonstrated with use of glutamine and arginine. Citrulline, being the most potent NO donor with excellent oral bio-availability, is very promising as treatment choice for mucositis and its use deserves to be investigated in clinical trials with mucositis patients.
Maintenance Physical Therapy
Authors: Stikeleather Sondra Jill , Simmons Tammy Marie 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Medicare recipients historically have been discharged from rehabilitation when progress plateaus. This improvement standard continues to shape episodic practice of physical therapy (PT). The Jimmo v Sebelius decision of 2013 has the potential to open physical therapist practice with the adoption of community-based maintenance PT into everyday practice.

Conclusion:
Prevention and maintenance of function are supported by the American Physical Therapy Association. Evidence suggests that intervention over time combats frailty, reduces fall risk, improves functional outcomes, and prevents movement disability. Community-based maintenance PT as a method of moving from the episodic restorative model to a continuous paradigm of restoration, prevention, and maintenance is proposed.
Community-Based Best Practices for Early Identification and Referrals for Dementia
Authors: Mason Mary Beth , Serianni Robert W. , Julian Abigail 
Published: July 2021

Context:
The purpose of this article is to describe the typical aging process and compare this to mild cognitive impairment and early symptoms of dementia, specifically cognitive-communicative and swallowing deficits, to help professionals better identify dementia in the care of community-based adults.

Objective:
To evaluate the role and importance of the speech-language pathologist in early identification and management of dementia. Suggested interprofessional considerations for best practice for early identification, management, and referral are also addressed.

Conclusion:
Speech-language pathologists are critical for assessing and treating those with early stages of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. It is critical for medical professionals to recognize the speech pathologist's role in treating those with cognitive impairments and swallowing disorders.
Depression Screening by the Interprofessional Team for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Salmon Christine , Hidalgo Leona , Jenkins Lisa , Vitente Arvie , Garcia Miguel , Dias Dalila 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
A miniature semisystematic review to determine health professionals' current practices when screening for depression in older adult community dwellers.

Evidence Review:
A review of research studies published between April 2010 and April 2020 using a university library system and key words specific to factors essential to this review.

Findings:
Health professionals inconsistently perform depression screening to rule out or determine the risk of diagnosis or after a new diagnosis.

Conclusions and Relevance:
Health professionals are not routinely screening for depression despite possible impacts on outcomes. More evidence is needed to promote depression screening in health care for improved patient outcomes.
Anonymous Living Liver Donation: Literature Review and Case Series Report
Authors: Shan Sarah , Vargas Paola , Durden Jakob , Seay Tara , Williams Tessa , Lyster Emily , Sites Anita , Northup Patrick , Pelletier Shawn , Oberholzer Jose , Argo Curtis , Goldaracena Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

Background.
Anonymous living liver donations (ALLDs) raise ethical concerns regarding the donors’ motivations. Thus, ALLDs are not as widely accepted as directed donations from friends and family. Literature on ALLDs is limited. Understanding this particular group of individuals is crucial, as they could further help mitigate the shortage of liver grafts worldwide.

Methods.
A literature review was performed to identify current definitions, ethical considerations, different approaches, and barriers to ALLD worldwide. Furthermore, we present our current experience after the establishment of a protocol to enable an ALLD program in our center and surveyed potential donors to better understand their motives throughout the process.

Results.
Literature regarding ALLD is scarce. Canada leads the experience with the majority of case reports published to date. Survey-based evaluation of this unique group of individuals reflects the selflessness nature of anonymous living donors and shows that most of them experience the donation as a positive and life-changing event. In our experience, 41 individuals initiated the process of ALLD during the study period. Most were lost to follow-up or deemed ineligible. Five candidates fully completed the donation process and successfully underwent living liver donation. Given that 2 candidates have a follow-up period <3 mo from donation, we have only included data on the first 3 donors in this analysis. Eight individuals (19.5%) responded to the survey with respondents sharing similar reasons for initiating ALLD but varied and multifactorial reasons for terminating.

Conclusions.
Different institutional protocols can be used to accomplish ALLD, including the one utilized by our institution. Adopting policies to allow for ALLDs and reducing modifiable factors that contribute to ending donation has the potential to increase grafts and decrease wait times.
Supplemental Visual Abstract: http://links.lww.com/TP/C251
Neuromuscular monitoring devices – where to go next?
Authors: Damian Maxwell Simon 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
This paper reviews the clinical applications, technology, and evidence supporting the use of telemedicine devices and telehealth in neuromuscular disease.

Recent findings
The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted standard multidisciplinary care of patients with neuromuscular disease and created a need to adapt to remote care. Telemedicine applications were rapidly introduced and have rapidly proved an important tool in maintaining specialist care. This review presents the current data being gathered identifying the patients who benefit from telehealth applications, the appropriate type of telemedicine approach to specific conditions, the conditions needed to optimise telehealth approaches, and potential pitfalls and limitations in their use.

Summary
Telemedicine is an important tool in providing robust remote care for patients with neuromuscular disorders, but further investigation is needed to optimise applications.
Rare PSAP variants and possible interaction with GBA in REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Sosero Yuri L. , Yu Eric , Estiar Mehrdad A. , Krohn Lynne , Mufti Kheireddin , Rudakou Uladzislau , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Asayesh Farnaz , Laurent Sandra B. , Spiegelman Dan , Trempe Jean-François , Quinnell Timothy G. , Oscroft Nicholas , Arnulf Isabelle , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Gagnon Jean-François , Desautels Alex , Dauvilliers Yves , Gigli Gian Luigi , Valente Mariarosaria , Janes Francesco , Bernardini Andrea , Sonka Karel , Kemlink David , Oertel Wolfgang , Janzen Annette , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Biscarini Francesco , Figorilli Michela , Puligheddu Monica , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Sixel-Döring Friederike , De Cock Valérie Cochen , Monaca Christelle Charley , Heidbreder Anna , Ferini-Strambi Luigi , Dijkstra Femke , Viaene Mineke , Abril Beatriz , Boeve Bradley F. , Postuma Ronald B. , Rouleau Guy A. , Ibrahim Abubaker , Stefani Ambra , Högl Birgit , Hu Michele T.M. , Gan-Or Ziv 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPSAP encodes saposin C, the co-activator of glucocerebrosidase, encoded by GBA. Since GBA mutations are associated with idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), a prodromal stage of synucleinopathy, we examined the role of PSAP mutations in iRBD. We fully sequenced PSAP and performed Optimized Sequence Kernel Association Test in 1,113 iRBD patients and 2,324 controls. We identified loss-of-function (LoF) mutations, which are very rare in PSAP, in three iRBD patients and none in controls (uncorrected p=0.018). Two variants were stop mutations, p.Gln260Ter p.Glu166Ter, and one was an in-frame deletion, p.332_333del. All three mutations have a deleterious effect on saposin C, based on in silico analysis. In addition, the two carriers of p.Glu166Ter and p.332_333del mutations also carried a GBA variant, p.Arg349Ter and p.Glu326Lys, respectively. The co-occurrence of these extremely rare PSAP LoF mutations in two (0.2%) GBA variant carriers in the iRBD cohort, is unlikely to occur by chance (estimated co-occurrence in the general population based on gnomAD data is 0.00035%). Although none of the three iRBD patients with PSAP LoF mutations have phenoconverted to an overt synucleinopathy at their last follow-up, all manifested initial signs suggestive of motor dysfunction, two were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and all showed prodromal clinical markers other than RBD. Their probability of prodromal PD, according to the Movement Disorder Society research criteria was 98% or more. These results suggest a possible role of PSAP variants in iRBD and potential genetic interaction with GBA, which requires additional studies.
Self-Reliance, Social Norms, and Self-Stigma as Barriers to Psychosocial Help Seeking Among Rural Cancer Survivors with Cancer-Related Distress
Authors: DeGuzman Pamela B. , Vogel David L. , Bernacchi Veronica , Scudder Margaret A. , Jameson Mark J. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesEven when technology allows rural cancer survivors to connect with supportive care providers from a distance, uptake of psychosocial referrals is low. During our telemedicine-delivered intervention aimed at identifying rural survivors with high distress and connecting them with psychosocial care, fewer than 1/3 of those with high distress accepted a referral. The purpose of this research was to examine the reasons rural cancer survivors did not accept a psychosocial referral.MethodsWe utilized a qualitative descriptive design to analyze data from interviews conducted with participants who had been offered a psychosocial referral during the intervention. Interviews were conducted 6 weeks following the intervention (n=14) and 9 months after the completion of the intervention (n=6).ResultsUltimately, none of the rural cancer survivors in our study engaged with a psychosocial care provider, including those who had originally accepted a referral for further psychosocial care. When explaining their decisions, survivors minimized their distress, emphasizing their self-reliance and the need to handle distress on their own. They expressed a preference for dealing with distress via informal support networks, which was often limited to close family members. No survivors endorsed public stigma as a barrier to accepting psychosocial help, but several suggested that self-stigma associated with not being able to handle their own distress was a reason for not seeking care.Significance of ResultsRural cancer survivors’ willingness to accept a psychosocial referral may be mediated by the rural cultural norm of self-reliance, and by self-stigma. Interventions to address referral uptake may benefit from further illumination of these relationships as well as a strength-based approach that emphasizes positive aspects of the rural community and individual self-affirmation.
Clinical characterization and Genomic analysis of COVID-19 breakthrough infections during second wave in different states of India
Authors: Gupta Nivedita , Kaur Harmanmeet , Yadav Pragya , Mukhopadhyay Labanya , Sahay Rima R , Kumar Abhinendra , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Shete Anita M. , Patil Savita , Majumdar Triparna , Rana Salaj , Gupta Swati , Narayan Jitender , Vijay Neetu , Barde Pradip , Natrajan Gita , Kumari B Amurtha , Kumari Manasa P , Biswas Debasis , Iravane Jyoti , Raut Sharmila , Dutta Shanta , Devi Sulochana , Barua Purnima , Gupta Piyali , Borkakoty Biswa , Kalita Deepjyoti , Dhingra Kanwardeep , Fomda Bashir , Joshi Yash , Goyal Kapil , John Reena , Ashok  , Dhodapkar Rahul , Pandit Priyanka , Devi Sarada , Dudhmal Manisha , Kinariwala Deepa , Khandelwal Neeta , Tiwari Yogendra Kumar , Khatri PK , Gupta Anjali , Khatri Himanshu , Malhotra Bharti , Nagasundaram Mythily , Dar Lalit , Sheikh Nazira , Aggarwal Neeraj , Abraham Priya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring March to June 2021 India has experienced a deadly second wave of COVID-19 with an increased number of post-vaccination breakthrough infections reported across the country. To understand the possible reason of these breakthroughs we collected 677 clinical samples (throat swab/ nasal swabs) of individuals who had received two doses (n=592) and one dose (n=85) of vaccines (Covishield and Covaxin,) and tested positive for COVID-19, from 17 states/Union Territories of country. These cases were telephonically interviewed and clinical data was analyzed. A total of 511 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were recovered with genome coverage of higher than 98% from both the cases. Analysis of both the cases determined that 86.69% (n=443) of them belonged to the Delta variant along with Alpha, Kappa, Delta AY.1 and Delta AY.2. The Delta variant clustered into 4 distinct sub-lineages. Sub-lineage–I had mutations: ORF1ab-A1306S, P2046L, P2287S, V2930L, T3255I, T3446A, G5063S, P5401L, A6319V and N-G215C; Sub-lineage –II : ORF1ab- P309L, A3209V, V3718A, G5063S, P5401L and ORF7a-L116F; Sub-lineage –III : ORF1ab- A3209V, V3718A, T3750I, G5063S, P5401L and Spike-A222V; Sub-lineage –IV ORF1ab- P309L, D2980N, F3138S and spike - K77T. This study indicated that majority of the clinical cases in the breakthrough were infected with the Delta variant and only 9.8% cases required hospitalization while fatality was observed in only 0.4% cases. This clearly suggests that the vaccination does provide reduction in hospital admission and mortality.
Structural Neuroplasticity Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Secondary MRI Outcomes
Authors: Bishop James , Shpaner Marina , Kubicki Antoni , Naylor Magdalena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe extent of white matter (WM) and Grey matter (GM) structural neuroplasticity following cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain management remains undetermined. In the current study, we investigated structural alterations in GM morphometry, as well as WM complexity and connectivity, before and after an 11-week group CBT for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. We hypothesized that effective pain management would influence WM structural metrics indicative of brain plasticity, particularly within cognitive and limbic circuitry as well as GM volume within pain matrix structures. To determine this, patients were randomized into two groups: 1) CBT group that received CBT once-weekly for 11-weeks, or 2) EDU group consisting of an active patient control group that received educational materials by mail. All subjects completed behavioral assessments and underwent neuroimaging at: baseline prior to any intervention (TP1), 11-weeks following either CBT or EDU (TP2), and four months following completion of the intervention (TP3). CBT resulted in significant clinical improvements, assessed via behavioral self-reports, compared to EDU. Compared to EDU, region of interest WM analysis revealed several fiber tracts that had significantly increased WM complexity following CBT intervention, including the bilateral posterior internal capsule and the left cingulum within the temporal lobe. Conversely, several tracts exhibited a decrease in WM complexity including the right external capsule, the left posterior internal capsule, and the right cingulum within the temporal lobe. Changes in clinical outcomes were predictive of alterations in WM complexity metrics immediately following intervention and at long-term follow-up. No between-group differences were observed in either WM connectivity or GM volume. In conclusion, psychotherapeutic interventions such as group CBT influence coping strategies for effective pain relief that influence WM microstructure, however, the mechanisms of these changes remain undetermined. Future studies will be required to uncover the biological underpinnings of these alterations in pain populations.ClinicaltrialsgovCan Therapy Alter CNS Processing of Chronic Pain: A Longitudinal Study (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01794988?term=naylor&cntry=US&state=US%3AVT&draw=2&rank=1;NCT01794988). The study protocol was registered in the Clinical Trials Database.
Vitamin D deficiency and its association with iron deficiency in African children
Authors: Mogire Reagan M , Muriuki John Muthii , Morovat Alireza , Mentzer Alexander J , Webb Emily L , Kimita Wandia , Ndungu Francis M , Macharia Alex W , Cutland Clare L. , Sirima Sodiomon B , Diarra Amidou , Tiono Alfred B , Lule Swaib A , Madhi Shabir A , Prentice Andrew M. , Bejon Philip , Pettifor John M , Elliott Alison M , Adeyemo Adebowale , Williams Thomas N , Atkinson Sarah H 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVitamin D regulates the master iron hormone hepcidin, and iron in turn alters vitamin D metabolism. Although vitamin D and iron deficiency are highly prevalent globally little is known about their interactions in Africa. To evaluate associations between vitamin D and iron status we measured markers of iron status, inflammation, malaria parasitemia and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in 4509 children aged 0.3 months to 8 years living in Kenya, Uganda, Burkina Faso, The Gambia and South Africa. Prevalence of iron deficiency was 35.1%, and preva- lence of vitamin D deficiency was 0.6% and 7.8% as defined by 25(OH)D concentrations of <30 nmol/L and <50 nmol/L respectively. Children with 25(OH)D concentrations of <50 nmol/L had a 98% increased risk of iron deficiency (OR 1.98 [95% CI 1.52, 2.58]) compared to those with 25(OH)D concentrations >75 nmol/L. 25(OH)D concentrations variably influenced individual markers of iron status. Inflammation interacted with 25(OH)D concentrations to predict ferritin levels. The link between vitamin D and iron status should be considered in strategies to manage these nutrient deficiencies in African children.
Antipsychotic-induced epigenomic reorganization in frontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Zhu Bohan , Ainsworth Richard I. , Wang Zengmiao , Liu Zhengzhi , Sierra Salvador , Deng Chengyu , Callado Luis F. , Meana J. Javier , Wang Wei , Lu Chang , González-Maeso Javier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have revealed >270 loci associated with schizophrenia risk, yet these genetic factors do not seem to be sufficient to fully explain the molecular determinants behind this psychiatric condition. Epigenetic marks such as post-translational histone modifications remain largely plastic during development and adulthood, allowing a dynamic impact of environmental factors, including antipsychotic medications, on access to genes and regulatory elements. However, few studies so far have profiled cell-specific genome-wide histone modifications in postmortem brain samples from schizophrenia subjects, or the effect of antipsychotic treatment on such epigenetic marks. Here we conducted ChIP-seq analyses focusing on histone marks indicative of active enhancers (H3K27ac) and active promoters (H3K4me3), alongside RNA-seq, using frontal cortex samples from antipsychotic-free (AF) and antipsychotic-treated (AT) individuals with schizophrenia, as well as individually matched controls (n = 58). Schizophrenia subjects exhibited thousands of neuronal and non-neuronal epigenetic differences at regions that included several susceptibility genetic loci, such asNRG1,DISC1,andDRD3. By analyzing the AF and AT cohorts separately, we identified schizophrenia-associated alterations in specific transcription factors, their regulatees, and epigenomic and transcriptomic features that were reversed by antipsychotic treatment; as well as those that represented a consequence of antipsychotic medication rather than a hallmark of schizophrenia in postmortem human brain samples. Notably, we also found that the effect of age on epigenomic landscapes was more pronounced in frontal cortex of AT-schizophrenics, as compared to AF-schizophrenics and controls. Together, these data provide important evidence of epigenetic alterations in the frontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia, and remark for the first time the impact of age and antipsychotic treatment on chromatin organization.