bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and effects of homeopathic treatment of malaria in Kenya, a multi-centre study
Authors: Brands Martien , Van Berkel Suzanne , Wambua Julius 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
In Kenya malaria is the leading cause for illness and death; homeopathy is used for many years to treat this disease. A previous study in Ghana in 1996, showed comparable effects of homeopathy and chloroquine. Methods: In three studies we documented homeopathic treatment in a retrospective qualitative study, a prospective single arm study, and a comparison between one cohort receiving homeopathic treatment and the other artemether. Results: In the qualitative retrospective study (2014) (n=54), we related typical malaria and individual symptoms, with remedy prescriptions and affected organs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed, that specific remedies were prescribed for patterns of affected organs . In the prospective study (2014) (n=70), the primary outcome was the parasitological status at the first follow up (median 8 days), secondary outcome was the quality of life measure with Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Life.
In the third study, of the group (n=79) (b) exposed to homeopathy, n=6 (a) were still parasite-positive after one week, in the control (co-artem) group of n=35 (c) no patient was positive (d). The odds ratio was 5.8068 (95% CI 0.3183 – 105.8794), with z = 1.187 and P = 0.2352. The difference was not statistically significant; homeopathic remedies and coartem tablets had similar effect for uncomplicated malaria in that region. Co-morbidity was treated with different remedies.
Conclusion: Homeopathic treatment can be used as a valuable option, also when other treatments are ineffective by microbial resistance, not indicated (as in pregnancy) and financially not affordable.
Key words: malaria, homeopathy, artemether, comparative study, cohort study, plasmodium, ORIDL
Extreme dilutions of mercuric chloride produce longer binding interaction with ?-amylase as compared to blank solvents
Authors: Mondal Priya , Chakraborty Indrani , Sukul Nirmal Chandra , Konar Atheni , Sarkar Tandra , Sukul Anirban 
Published: April 2021

Background
High and ultra low doses of HgCl2 modulate ?-amylase starch interaction through two different binding sites of the enzyme. Mercurius corrosivus at ultra high dilution (UHD) is reported to have a long duration of action for 30-60 days.
Objectives
(i) To see whether the mother tincture and UHDs of mercuric chloride could directly act on ?-amylase without intervention of its substrate starch. (ii) To see whether the MT and UHDs produce longer binding interaction with ?-amylase than the control.
Methods
Mercuric chloride MT (0.15 M) or Merc cor ? and its three UHDs, 30, 200, 1000 cH called potencies were in 90% ethanol. Blank 90% ethanol and deionised and distilled (DD) water were used as controls. All ethanol based ligands were diluted with DD water to reduce EtOH content to 0.09%. Using an ITC instrument each ligand was injected once at 10 µl into15µM ?-amylase at 25 0C and the reaction was observed for 2000 s.
Results
While Merc cor ? produced endothermic reaction, all other ligands did exothermic reaction. Water control and blank ethanol maintained post injection heat change up to 1200 sec. All other ligands sustained heat change for the entire period of observation (2000 sec).
Conclusions
Merc cor ? and potencies produced exactly the opposite reaction at the protein binding sites. The reaction was short-lived with water control and blank ethanol, but prolonged with Merc cor ? and potencies. Merc cor 200 cH and 1000 cH produced highest heat change (6 µl/sec) during interaction with ?-amylase.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN TERHADAP POLA RUANG DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI BIALO
Authors: Soma Andang Suryana 
Published: April 2021

This research aims to analyze the land use and identify the suitability of the land use plan of space in Bialo Watersheds and determine the direction of land use if there is a mismatch between the land use with the regional plan in Bialo watersheds. The data were collected in primary data was the land use and secondary data of regional plan. The data were analyzed with interpretation, test accuracy, and conformity determination for land use overlay with the plan space. Based on the analysis of land-use suitability with the plan space, a land-use plan is acquired that fits the area of 87.80% and is not following 12.20%. Use of the referral in the form of reboisation, the village forests, agroforestry, multi-purpose tree species (MPTS) on dry land forest land use, agricultural secondary dry land, settlements. Planting cover crops and soil reinforcement terrace on paddy fields and natural succession on land use scrub.
PRODUKSI BIBIT KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L) DENGAN PEMANFAATAN AGEN HAYATI JAMUR TRICHODERMA SP.
Authors: Amiruddin Leli 
Published: April 2021

Bibit kakao yang berkualitas diperoleh melalui pemeliharaan yang baik dengan penggunaan jamur yang bermanfaat mengoptimalkan fungsi media tanam yang mengandung bahan organik. Salah satu diantaranya adalah penggunaan jamur Trichoderma sp. Pemanfaatan Jamur Trichoderma sp. memacu pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kakao. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian jamur Trichoderma sp. pada pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kakao. Terdapat dua perlakuan yaitu: pemberian jamur Trichoderma sp. 20 mg/polybag dan tanpa pemberian jamur Trichoderma sp., yang masing-masing terdiri atas 12 unit poercobaan. Data dianalisis dengan statistic sederhana. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian jamur Trichoderma sp. 20 mg/polybag memberikan pengaruh terbaik dan hasil tertinggi pada bibit tanaman kakao pada semua parameter yang diamati.
THE ROLE OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING TECHNIQUES IN OVERCOMING INTERFERENCE PECANDU DRUGS AT AR-RAHMAN DRUG REHABILITATION PANTI AR-RAHMAN PLAJU DARAT PALEMBANG
Authors: Noviza Neni 
Published: April 2021

One of the problems experienced by drug addicts is the loss of confidence due to the effects of consuming drugs. To overcome this one of the techniques used dip re-rehabilitation of Ar rahman drugs is to use motivational interviewing techniques. This technique aims to provide motivation for addicts to change. This study aims to determine the confidence of drug addicts when they enter the rehabilitation of drugs Ar-Rahman, to know the process of motivational techniques Interviewing (MI) in Arrangman Drug Rehabilitation and to know the role from motivational interviewing (MI) techniques. The type of data used is qualitative data. The subjects of this study amounted to 3 people drug addicts, and 1 counselor. Sources of data taken in this study are primary and secondary data sources. Data obtained by using interview methods, observation methods and documentation methods. Data analysis techniques of qualitative data analysis consists of four stages, namely: data reduction (data reduction), presentation data (display data), conclusion drawing and verification. From the research results obtained confidence drug addicts when new re-entry rehabilitation Ar-Rahman drugs that is, often solitary, be closed to others, silent, embarrassed, insecure and always negative thingking (thinking negative) to others, fear, to himself, always be negative, no matter to the environment, reluctant to communicate, not serious, irresponsible, closed and pessimistic about what he does. The process of motivational interviewing (MI) technique carried out by the counselor at Ar-Rahman drug rehabilitation center and the four principles is run, expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, accepting resistance and supporting efficacy. Motivational Interviewing Technique (MI) is very instrumental in overcoming the confidence of drug addicts with the change of attitude behavior and way of thinking, the changes experienced are, the client is more serious, responsible, think and be positive, open to others, optimistic, thinking that is rational, and better understand the feelings of self and others.
Proximity and Animal Ethics in “The Last Will and Testament of Silverdene Emblem O'Neill”
Authors: Williams Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
“The Last Will and Testament” portrays the proximity of Eugene O'Neill and his dog, Blemie, questioning the ethical obligations that humans have toward domestic animals. Building on animal studies, I demonstrate that the style of “The Last Will and Testament” shapes the narrative's ethics by treating Blemie as a being in himself. This article compares animal representations in “The Last Will and Testament” and The Hairy Ape, and it shows that the genre of the “will and testament” raises questions about animal communication, desire, and suffering. The article concludes by emphasizing that although “The Last Will and Testament” foregrounds the emotional reciprocity of pet-owner relationships, it can also obfuscate the long history of animal domination.
The Status of the Non-Muslim Communities in the Ottoman Empire: A Non-Orientalised Decolonial Approach
Authors: Bezwan Naif 
Published: April 2021

With a focus on the key developments and critical junctures that shaped and reshaped the relationship between the Ottomans and its non-Muslim subject communities, this paper seeks to understand the dynamics and the rationale behind the Ottoman policies and practices vis-a-vis non-Muslim communities. It will do so by offering a periodisation of Ottoman rule along four major pathways, each of which also provides the title of the respective section. The first period is referred to as structural exclusion by toleration over centuries, from the conquest of the respective territories to their incorporation into the imperial domain. The second phase is entitled integration via politics of recognition which basically covers the Tanzimat era (1838-1876). The third period is put under the heading of coercive domination and control, roughly corresponding to the Hamidian Period (1876-1908). And finally, the last period is concerned with the Young Turks regime (1908-1918), discussing its politics and policies towards non-Muslims communities framed under the title of nation-building by nation-destruction.
The chapter titles act both as hypothesis and structuring elements of the periodisation presented. As such they shall help identify the dominant paradigm of each period pertinent to the status and situation of the communities under consideration, while connecting them in a plausible manner. This paper is motivated by a non-Orientalised decolonial approach to the study of the Ottoman empire as well as the nation-states established in the post-Ottoman political geographies.
Study the Protective Effect of Ginger against the Toxicity of Dimethoate on Hormones in Rabbits
Authors: Elgazwi Sara M. , Khaled Fayrouz A. , Alsanous Manal F. 
Published: April 2021

Organophosphorus insecticides have been widely classified as a health dangerous and high toxicity compounds due to their widespread use and release into the environment. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been used as a medicinal plant since antiquity and is known to play diverse biological roles including anti oxidation, anti-inflammation, hyperlipidemia, anti-carcinogenesis, anti-nausea, anti-thrombosis, and antibacterial process. The purpose of these experiments was to study decreasing the toxicity effect of Dimethoate by ginger. All animals in this study were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 0 mg ginger and 0 mg dimethoate /kg BW (control); 100 mg ginger/kg BW; 43.2 mg dimethoate /kg BW; and 43.2 mg dimethoate plus 100 mg ginger/kg BW. Rabbits were orally managed the particular measurements each other day for 12 weeks. Results indicated that treatment with ginger alone caused significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight (BW) and relative weight of testes compared to control animals. Whereas the rabbits treated with dimethoate showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in BW and relative weight of testes compared with control. Results showed that treatment with DM caused significant (P<0.05) decrease activity of testosterone, T3 and T4. While, increase the levels of FSH and LH in plasma. Ginger caused significant (P<0.05) increase in the activity of testosterone, T3 and T4 in plasma compared to control. While, decrease the levels of FSH and LH in plasma. The presence of ginger with DM caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in the reduction of T3 and T4, while caused an improvement in the levels of testosterone as compared to control and the presence of ginger with DM caused increase in the levels of FSH and LH as compared to control, and this means that ginger counteracted the toxic effects of DM.
Studies on Lignin Degradation Activity by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Kware Lake
Authors: Usman Muhammad Hizbullahi , Dabai Aliyu Ibrahim 
Published: April 2021

Background: Wood is naturally degraded by wood degrading microorganisms and modified and partly degraded residual of lignin goes into soil. It is an amorphous and complex aromatic compound. In the plant cells, lignin can be converted via phenylalanine and tyrosine by transamination. Africa generates a huge amount of waste from agricultural and household activities. This huge amount of waste can be exploited as a sustainable raw material for many industrial processes other than just simply burning it as a solid fuel.
Aims: The study aimed at isolating and screening Pseudomonas aeruginoas for lignin degradation.
Methods: The bacterium was characterized and identified according to morphological and biochemical characteristics. The bacterial DNA was extracted using DNA isolation kit and used for molecular analysis. Four (4) dyes such as Methylene blue, Congo red, iodine and Malachite green were screened on bacterial isolate for its ability to decolorize the dyes. The effect of some growth parameters such incubation time, temperature, pH and agitation were studies on the isolate for lignin degradation as well as bacterial biomass production.
Results: The effect of some growth parameters such incubation time, temperature, pH and agitation were studies on the isolate for lignin degradation as well as bacterial biomass production. From the results, it was observed that the isolate showed higher zone of inhibition on Congo red (14.00 mm) and Methylene blue (10.00 mm), while no decolorization was observed on Malachite green. The growth parameters studied indicated the optimum condition required for both lignin degradation and bacterial biomass production as follows; 48 hours (65%, 0.41g), 40oC (77%, 0.31g), pH 7 (58%, 0.26g) and 100rpm (72%, 0.42). The FTIR revealed two peaks at 3375 cm-1 which attributed to O-H stretching while the second peak 1687.5 cm-1 corresponded to C=O stretching.
Conclusion: The results of GC-MS detected the presence of 2,5-Hexanediol, 2-Octynoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid and i-Propyl9,12-octadecenadienoate.
Application of Genome Editing Technologies for Disease Treatment: Review
Authors: Belachew Girum Tefera , Hanumanthaiah Paramesh , Tekelemariam Bitaniya Abera 
Published: April 2021

The improvement of particularly versatile genome-modifying advancements has outfitted experts with the ability to rapidly and monetarily bring sequence-specific changes into the genomes of a wide scope of cell types and organisms. The CRISPR framework was first found as a protection system in Escherichia coli against infections. Short portions of unfamiliar DNA are coordinated inside the CRISPR locus and translated into CRISPR RNA (crRNA), which at that point toughen to trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) to coordinate sequence specific debasement of pathogenic DNA by the Cas9 protein. Many studies have now revealed insight into the primary premise of DNA recognition by Cas9, showing that the heteroduplex shaped by the gRNA and its complementary strand of DNA is housed in a positively charged groove between the two nuclease areas (RuvC and HNH) inside the Cas9 protein, and that PAM recognition is intervened by an arginine-rich motif present in Cas9.
Genome altering biological tools likewise bring healing chances. For instance, ZFN-interceded gene interruption has been taken to the clinic, particularly for the treatment of glioblastoma and HIV by Sangamo biosciences. ZFNs focused to the HIV co-receptor CCR5 for the medication of HIV/AIDS are in stage I clinical trials have been finished currently and are in advancement). In these clinical investigations, the security and possibility of autologous infusion of ex vivo extended CD4+ T cells treated with CCR5- specific ZFNs are assessed in patients with HIV/AIDS. Genome altering itself likewise holds huge potential for treating the fundamental hereditary causes for specific infections. Thusly, the point of this survey is to sum up the vital standards of genome altering, focusing a considerable lot of the designing advances that have laid the foundation for the creation, refinement, and usage of the current set-up of genome-changing biological tools.
A Study of Lesions of Upper Respiratory Tract
Authors: Anbukkarasi K. , Ganapathy Hemalatha , Thanka J. 
Published: April 2021

The development of the organ systems are highly regulated in physiological conditions and the development of nose and paranasal sinuses commences in the 3rd week of gestation, when the primordial structures first appear and continues until completion in early adulthood when sinus pneumatization and bony growth have ceased. Their misregulation lead to the development of many cancers and primitive nasal septum Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper respiratory tract ranks as the sixth leading cause of cancer worldwide.In the current study, out of 31 cases, maximum cases were found to be moderately differentiated grade amounting to 64.5%, followed by well differentiated grade (22.6%) and poorly differentiated grade (12.9%). The present study also showed that poorly differentiated SCC had higher Ki 67 proliferative index and it could be a useful tool for determining the stages of tumors. Ki 67 proliferative index study of the tumor helps in better understanding of the tumor behavior so as to provide appropriate treatment and thereby increasing the survival rate of the patient.
Thermodesulforhabdaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Ther.mo.de.sul.fo.rhab.da.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Thermodesulforhabdus
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermodesulforhabdaceae
, the family of
Thermodesulforhabdus
.

Desulfobacterota / Syntrophobacteria / Syntrophobacterales / Thermodesulforhabdaceae

Cells are rod shaped and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motile. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph. Organic compounds used as electron donors and carbon sources are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and sulfite serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Thermophilic and neutrophilic. The major menaquinone, the polar lipids, and cellular fatty acids are not known. The family currently accommodates a single genus
Thermodesulforhabdus
. Members of the genus are present in geothermally influenced marine sediments and oil fields.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.7 (genome).

Type genus
:
Thermodesulforhabdus
Beeder et al. 1995, VL57.
Sphingomonas
Authors: Sood Utkarsh , Hira Princy , Singh Priya , Singh Durgesh Narain , Lal Rup 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Sphin.go.mo'nas. Gr. gen. n.
sphingos
of sphinx; Gr. fem. n.
monas
unit, monad; N.L. fem. n.
Sphingomonas
a sphingosine‐containing monad.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Sphingomonadales / Sphingomonadaceae / Sphingomonas

Gram‐negative, straight or slightly curved rods or ovoid cells.
Rosette‐like aggregation occurs in some species, a characteristic caused by polar fimbriae. The formation of endospores is not observed. Budding, binary fission, and asymmetric division are the major modes of reproduction in most of the species. Cells are either nonmotile or motile with polar flagellation and gliding motility. Mostly aerobic, but few species are microaerobic as well. Esculin hydrolysis is done by most of the species, but there are few exceptions. Colony coloration varies from yellow or red or orange to white to nonpigmented. Catalase and oxidase tests are positive or negative for different species.
Glucuronosyl
‐(
1
→
1
)‐
ceramide
(
SGL‐1
),
galacturonosyl‐β
(
1
→
1
)‐
ceramide
(
in several species
),
and 2‐hydroxymyristic acid occur but not 3‐hydroxy fatty acids.
Cell‐wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is replaced by sphingolipids. The major fatty acids are C
18:1
, saturated C
16:0
, and/or C
17:1
. The major 2‐hydroxy fatty acids are C
14:0
2‐OH or C
15:0
2‐OH. Glycosphingolipids are present. The predominant respiratory quinone is ubiquinone Q‐10 with minor amounts of Q‐9 and Q‐8. Homospermidine and
sym
‐homospermidine are the major polyamines detected. Characteristic 16S rRNA signatures are found at positions 52:359 (C:G), 134 (G), 593 (G), 987:1218 (G:C), and 990:1215 (U:G). Few species are opportunistic pathogens that cause meningitis peritonitis, septicemia, and neonatal infections in intensive care units. Pathogenicity toward animals is not yet known. Distribution is ubiquitous with
free living
in natural as well as man‐made environments.

DNA G
+
C content (mol
%
)
: 60.7–72.2.

Type species
:
Sphingomonas paucimobilis
Yabuuchi et al. 1990, VL34 (basonym:
Pseudomonas paucimobilis
Holmes et al. 1977).
Marinobacterium
Authors: González José M. , Buchan Alison 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Ma.ri.no.bac.te'ri.um. L. masc. adj.
marinus
of the sea; Gr. neut. n.
bakterion
a small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Marinobacterium
small marine rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Oceanospirillaceae / Marinobacterium

The genus includes slightly halophilic organisms isolated from the marine environment and oil reservoirs. Cells stain Gram‐negative and are chemoheterotrophic, aerobic, or facultatively anaerobic, with some members capable of nitrate reduction. Motile by one or two polar flagella, rod‐shaped. Reproduces by binary cell division. The cytoplasm contains intracellular poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules. Members typically enriched from marine samples or brine oil reservoirs using simple organic, such as
l
‐leucine or
n
‐propanol, or aromatic compounds (e.g., benzene) or isolated directly from seawater on a standard nutrient replete marine medium (Marine Agar 2216). Some members are capable of atmospheric nitrogen fixation under reduced oxygen tension. Strains are mesophilic and require NaCl for growth. The major fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
. DNA G + C content, determined from available genome sequences, ranges between 54.9 and 58.8%. These organisms thrive in marine habitats and oil brines; are common in both pristine and contaminated systems; found in marine water columns, sediments, tidal flats, and coastal rhizospheres; and in association with marine animals.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.71 (genome).

Type species
:

Marinobacterium georgiense

Gonzales et al. 1997
VP
. This species is a later heterotypic synonym of
Marinobacterium iners
Tindall 2019, VL191 (basonym:
Pseudomonas iners
Iizuka and Komagata 1964
AL
emend. Satomi et al. 2002).