bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllability robustness of heat exchanger network based on complex network theory
Authors: Wang Zheng , Dong Ran , Dong Yunqing , Li Huapeng , Liu Ruijie , Hu Yiyi , Jia Xiaoping , Wang Fang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of process industry, the heat exchanger network is becoming larger and more complicated. The heat exchanger network will inevitably be subject to internal and external interference, resulting in cascading failures, which reduces the controllability of the heat exchanger network and affects normal operation. A controllability robustness analysis method is proposed based on the complex network theory, to enhance the ability of the heat exchanger network to operate normally under external interference. First, combined with the interference transfer law of the heat exchanger network, a weighted directed complex network model of the heat exchanger network is constructed. Then, based on the controllability robustness analysis method of the minimum driver node, the controllability robustness of the heat exchanger network under four different attack modes is analyzed and compared. The comparative analysis of examples proves that the method takes into account the global controllability, accurately determines the attack modes and attack targets that have a greater impact on the controllability robustness of the heat exchanger network, reduces the computational complexity, and provides theoretical basis for improving the controllability robustness of the heat exchanger network and maintaining the normal operation of the heat exchanger network.
Reaction kinetics of melt post‐polycondensation process for polycarbonate in film state
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Bao Jianna , Zheng Mingfu , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMelt post‐polycondensation (MPP) process is one of manufactures industrially that can efficiently increase the molecular weight of polycarbonate (PC). Herein, the MPP experiments of several PC materials using quaternary ammonium hydroxides and alkali metal compounds as the catalyst in the film state are studied. The reaction products are characterized by Ubbelohde viscometer, DSC, 1H‐NMR, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, advanced polymer chromatography and rotational rheometer. It is found that MPP can effectively improve the intrinsic viscosity of PC. After a certain reaction time at a specific temperature, the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PC is raised from 19,000 to 54,600 g/mol. Furthermore, the 1H‐NMR results reveal that Fries rearrangement products are produced during the MPP process. Based on the functional group model, a reaction kinetic model, combining the effects of the main melt polycondensation reaction and the Fries rearrangement reaction, is established for the first time. The reaction rate constants at different temperatures and the reaction activation energies of the two PC materials are obtained. This work provides a new reaction kinetics model to guide the MPP process of PC, which contains Fries rearrangement reaction.
Stabilization of palladium nanoparticles inside chitosan derived N‐doped carbon nanofibers for Heck reaction
Authors: Gao Danning , Zhang Qi , Liu Zhifeng , Zhang Fureng , Gou Faliang , Xing Guiying , Zhou Shujing , Shao Linjun , Li Jinjing , Du Yijun , Qi Chenze 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles encapsulated N‐doped carbon nanofibers derived from environmentally benign chitosan. Palladium salt was incorporated into the chitosan/sodium polyacrylate composite nanofibers by electrospinning, followed by carbonization under argon atmosphere to prepare palladium encapsulated mesoporous carbon nanofibers (Pd@Carbon). SEM images shows that the fibrous structures were well retained after carbonization processes. The Raman spectra demonstrates that the ratio of graphite carbon were increased with the carbonization temperature. X‐ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that PdO and Pd nanoparticles were formed in the carbon fibers and their sizes grew with the carbonization temperature. The sizes and concentrations of submicroscopic pores inside the nanofibers were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments and positron annihilation lifetime spectra. Heck reaction catalysis result shows that high carbonization temperature could improve the catalytic activity of Pd@Carbon nanofibers and the nanofibers carbonized at 800°C had the highest catalytic activity. Moreover, the catalytic activity of these novel composite nanofibers was well retained even after recycling for 13 times. The excellent catalytic performance of this fibrous palladium catalyst can be attributed to the N‐rich carbon nanofibers and encapsulation of palladium active species inside the ultrathin mesoporous carbon fibers.
Antioxidant activity and controlled‐release feature of Quercetin loaded amines‐functionalized magnetically porous cellulose
Authors: Saputra Ozi Adi , Apriansyah Fiqri , Puspitasari Melani Puji , Hanifah Syifa , Prakoso Agung , Wibowo Fajar Rakhman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLoading of quercetin onto drug cargo is still progressively studied to not only improve its solubility but also control the release behavior for improving therapeutics efficacy. In this present study, we successfully prepared drug cargo based magnetically porous cellulose (PC) functionalized by amine‐based alkoxysilane (MPC−NH2) for effectively carrying and sustainably delivering quercetin. The PC derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches provides high loading capacity reaching 344.48 ± 5.69 mg/g with loading effectiveness of 67.02 ± 1.11%. Surface modification of PC surfaces by Fe3O4 nanoparticles and aminosilane compounds not only enhances the quercetin loading effectiveness to 80.83 ± 1.10% but also controls the quercetin release behavior either at artificial gastric or physiological condition. The kinetic release study elaborates that anomalous transport is mainly involved during release of quercetin under physiological condition, but the Fickian diffusion plays the role at artificial gastric condition. The kinetic release rate of quercetin calculated following Higuchi model indicates that the Que@MPC−NH2 has slower release rate compared to another drug carrier. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of quercetin is significantly improved after being loaded onto MPC−NH2. Finally, we recapitulate that the loading of quercetin within MPC−NH2 is a powerful strategy for improving loading capacity, drug‐release ability, and antioxidant activity.
A highly fragrant comestible: the cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes) in pre‐European Māori New Zealand
Authors: Campbell Matthew , Shepherd Lara , Kellett Melissa , Brassey Robert 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTA count of 6235 Chondrichthyes vertebrae was recovered from the 17th to 18th century AD NRD site (R11/859) on the Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand. These have been identified by aDNA analysis as mostly rig (Mustelus lenticulatus). To provide context for this unusual assemblage we briefly review the archaeological record of Chondrichthyes fishing in Oceania and New Zealand, and more extensively review the 19th and early 20th century ethnography of Māori shark fishing in New Zealand along with the archaeological record. Chondrichthyes were of economic, social and spiritual importance to pre‐European Māori. A variety of species were caught by a variety of techniques, including mass harvest, and could be dried for storage. Our initial reading of the ethnographic record led us to expect that the assemblage would be dominated by school shark (Galeorhinus galeus), but a closer analysis of the record showed that Māori sharking practice was diverse. The NRD assemblage encapsulates this variation.
Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz durch die Begrünung von Außenanlagen und Gebäuden
Authors: Fahrion Marc‐Steffen , Nickl Christoph , Bangalore Deekshitha , Lakatos Michael , Brombacher Moritz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInfolge des Klimawandels werden die Sommer in Deutschland im Durchschnitt immer heißer. Die Begrünung von Außenanlagen und Gebäuden reduziert den städtischen Wärmeinseleffekt und verbessert das Mikroklima. Ob sich dies auch bei stark gedämmten Gebäuden wesentlich auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz und die Behaglichkeit in Innenräumen auswirkt, ist bislang allerdings unklar. Um diese Fragestellung zu untersuchen, wurden thermisch‐dynamische Gebäudesimulationen mit IDA ICE und Mikroklimasimulationen mit ENVI‐MET gekoppelt. Die Untersuchung erfolgte an einer für Deutschland typischen Ein‐ und Mehrfamilienhaussiedlung. Im Vergleich zu unbegrünten Gebäuden und Gartenflächen mit Rasen kann durch das Pflanzen von Sträuchern und Bäumen in Kombination mit einer extensiven Dachbegrünung und Moosfassaden der sommerliche Wärmeschutz an einem heißen Tag um bis zu 20 % verbessert werden. Die Begrünung hat gegenüber konventionellen Maßnahmen zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz den Vorteil, dass bei gezielter Pflanzenauswahl zusätzlich die Biodiversität und die Luftqualität am Standort verbessert werden.
Dezentrales Monitoring als Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Raumklimas und der Betriebsführung von Nichtwohngebäuden
Authors: Voss Karsten , Nengel Nils , Berges Malin Johanna , Kırant‐Mitić Tuğçin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractViele bestehende Nichtwohngebäude bieten Potenziale zur Verbesserung des Raumklimas und der Energieperformance durch eine verbesserte Nutzung und Betriebsführung. Dazu müssen aber zunächst die Verhältnisse messtechnisch erfasst und beurteilt werden, sodass Handlungsempfehlungen entwickelt werden können. Bestehende Gebäudeautomationssysteme sind dazu häufig nicht ausreichend qualifiziert. Eine entsprechende Erweiterung der Hard‐ und/oder Software ist oft wirtschaftlich unverhältnismäßig. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in exemplarischen Gebäuden raumklimatische Messungen mit dezentralen Datenloggern unterschiedlicher Bauart über mindestens ein Jahr durchgeführt. Die drei für diesen Beitrag ausgewählten Gebäude besitzen sehr unterschiedliche Lüftungskonzepte. Die beiden Gebäude ohne raumlufttechnische (RLT) Anlagen zeigten auf unterschiedliche Weise den Einfluss des Nutzerverhaltens auf das erreichte raumklimatische Niveau. Das Gebäude mit RLT‐Anlage zeigte beispielhaft den Einfluss einer unvorteilhaften Sollwertsetzung auf den Energieverbrauch. Die dezentrale Messtechnik bietet große Potenziale für Qualitätssicherung im Bestand. Bei neuen Gebäuden besteht die Notwendigkeit, Gebäudeautomationssysteme bereits für die Aufgaben der Qualitätssicherung auszulegen und nicht nur auf Funktionssicherung zu setzen.
A pilot study of the effects of crocin on high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake capacity in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saberi‐Karimian Maryam , Safarian‐Bana Hamideh , Mohammadzadeh Elham , Kazemi Tooba , Mansoori Amin , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Samadi Sara , Nikbakht‐Jam Irandokht , Nosrati Mina , Ferns Gordon A. , Esmaily Habibollah , Aghasizadeh Malihe , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA randomized clinical trial high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) is reduced in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). We have assessed the effect of crocin supplementation on HDL CUC in patients with MetS. Forty‐four subjects with MetS were randomly allocated to one of two groups: one group received placebo and the other group received crocin at a dose of 30 mg (two tablets of 15 mg per day) for 8 weeks. Serum biochemical parameters were measured using an AutoAnalyzer BT3000 (BioTechnica). The modified CUC method is a cell free, simple, and high‐throughput assay that used to evaluate HDL CUC of serum samples. The decision tree analysis was undertaken using JMP Pro (SAS) version 13. The mean age of the crocin and placebo groups were 38.97 ± 13.33 and 43.46 ± 12.77 years, respectively. There was a significant increase in serum HDL CUC in the crocin group compared to that of the placebo group in patients with MetS (p‐value< 0.05). The decision tree analysis showed that serum HDL functionality was more important variable than HDL‐C level in predicting patients with hypertension at baseline (p‐value < 0.05). Crocin administration (30 mg for a period of 8 weeks) was found to improve serum HDL CUC in patients with MetS.Trial registrationIRCT2013080514279N1
Bioactive Compounds of Fruit Parts of Three Eugenia uniflora Biotypes in Four Ripening Stages
Authors: Santos Suzana C. , Pereira Marx O. A. , Santos Karoline B. , Ferri Pedro H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVariability of secondary metabolites in edible (peel and pulp) and inedible (seeds) parts of three pitanga varieties, red, red‐orange and purple, was investigated during the maturation process. Hydrolysable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids were quantified by HPLC/DAD and carotenoids by absorbance. Peel/pulp showed greater complexity of constituents (carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and hydrolysable tannins), while only tannins were identified in seeds, but in quantities of 10 to 100 times greater. The red‐orange variety showed the highest levels of phenolic compounds in seeds and peel/pulp, except anthocyanins. The analysis of the principal response curves showed that the pitanga biotype has greater influence on metabolite variation than ripening stages. During peel/pulp maturation, a reduction in the levels of flavonoids and tannins contrasted with an increase in carotenoids and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside in all varieties, whereas in the seeds oenothein B, the major tannin, increased up to 1.32 g/100 g fresh weight. Such marked differences between fruit parts demonstrate that the seeds in stages E3 and E4 are a source of hydrolysable tannins, compounds known for their antitumor activity, while peel/pulp of all varieties in the ripe stage provide natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids and flavonoids. Lastly, the purple biotype can be a rich source of the cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside pigment a potent bioactive compound.
Erdheim‐Chester disease with long‐standing diabetes insipidus and generalized edema
Authors: Naji Faezeh Sadat , Hajmiri Minoo Sadat , Mazari Zahra , Salahshour Faeze , Soleimani Vahid , Nakhjavani Manouchehr , Hemmatabadi Mahboobeh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractErdheim‐Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non‐Langerhans histiocytosis. ECD is detected more frequently due to increased awareness of healthcare providers and improved diagnostic tools. This report describes a 51‐year‐old woman with a history of weakness, bone pain, xanthelasma palpebrarum, and diabetes insipidus. ECD is a multisystemic condition with a poor prognosis. This disease should be considered in patients with diabetes insipidus, bone pain, and multiorgan involvements.
Cow's milk allergy non‐responsive to amino acid‐based formula? A successful transplanted patient with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X‐linked syndrome
Authors: Veramendi‐Espinoza Liz , Rentería‐Valdiviezo Claudia Alejandra , Díaz‐Subauste Roxana , Aldave‐Becerra Juan Carlos , Alva‐Lozada Guisela , Becilli Marco , Locatelli Franco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe wide variety of IPEX symptoms leads to diagnosis and treatment delay with fatal outcomes if left untreated before two first years of life. Cow's milk allergy non‐responsive to amino acid‐based formula must raise suspicion of this syndrome.
Interfacial pH Measurements Using a Rotating Ring‐Disc Electrode with a Voltammetric pH Sensor
Authors: Monteiro Mariana C. O. , Liu Xuan , Hagedoorn Bellenod J. L. , Snabilié Demi D. , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrochemical reactions in which H+ or OH− ions are produced or consumed, affect the pH near the electrode surface. Probing the pH locally is therefore highly desired to understand and model the reaction environment under operando conditions. We carried out interfacial pH measurements under mass transport control using a rotating ring‐disc electrode (RRDE) coupled with our recently developed voltammetric pH sensor. The interfacial disc pH is detected by functionalizing the gold ring with a hydroxylaminothiophenol (4‐HATP)/4‐nitrosothiophenol (4‐NSTP) redox couple. As protons only have to interact with a monolayer containing the 4‐HATP/4‐NSTP, the sensitivity and time resolution that can be achieved are superior to potentiometric sensors. We used hydrogen evolution as a model reaction and performed measurements in buffered and unbuffered electrolytes. The effects of the current density, potential, the buffer capacity of the electrolyte and rotation rate on the local pH were investigated. This work shows a reliable and sensitive method for accurately probing the reaction environment under well‐defined mass transport conditions, over a wide pH range.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous Urchin‐like Co−Ni−Fe Ternary Hydroxide Nanoneedles on Ni Foam for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Zheng Lirong , Yuan Meini , Wang Kai , Wei Zeyuan , Chen Yuke , Ding Congming , Cao Xiaochen , Shen Xingquan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel mesoporous urchin‐like Co−Ni−Fe ternary hydroxide (CoNiFe−TH) assembled by a large amount of nanoneedles on nickel foam was successfully prepared through a facile one‐step hydrothermal method. The mesoporous urchin‐like CoNiFe−TH nanoneedle electrode has a high specific capacitance of 1318.52 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 in a three‐electrode system. Besides, the electrode exhibits an excellent cycling stability with 63.3 % specific capacitance retention and almost 100 % Coulombic efficiency during 1000 cycles of a charge‐discharge process at a current density of 5 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the electrode is due to the unique mesoporous urchin‐like CoNiFe−TH nanoneedles structures with more active reaction sites and polymetallic synergistic effects, which can facilitate the faradic reaction process to improve the electrochemical performance. The current synthesis method can be used for the preparation of other ternary transition metal hydroxides as electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Developmental refinement of visual callosal inputs to ferret area 17
Authors: Khalil Reem , Gonzalez Cyndi , Alsuwaidi Shaima , Levitt Jonathan B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCorticocortical connections link visual cortical areas in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. We studied the postnatal refinement of callosal connections linking multiple cortical areas with ferret area 17 during the period from just before eye opening (4 weeks) to 10 weeks of age. We aimed to determine (1) whether callosal projections from multiple visual cortical areas to area 17 refine with a similar rate and (2) whether the refinement of callosal projections parallels that of intrahemispheric cortical circuits. We injected the bidirectional tracer CTb into area 17, and mapped the areal and laminar distribution of labeled cells in visual areas of the contralateral hemisphere. Like intrahemispheric projections, callosal inputs to area 17 before eye opening are dominated by Suprasylvian area Ssy (with lesser and comparable input from areas 17, 18, 19, and 21), but within 2 weeks of eye opening are jointly dominated by area 18 and Ssy inputs; however, there are fewer labeled cells in the contralateral hemisphere. Unlike intrahemispheric projections, there is no laminar reorganization of callosal inputs; in all visual areas and at all ages studied, the greatest proportion of callosal projections arises from the infragranular layers. Also, unlike intrahemispheric projections, the peak density of callosal cells in each area projecting to area 17 declines more modestly. These results reveal important similarities and differences in the postnatal reorganization of inter‐ and intrahemispheric projections to area 17.
Morphological principles of neuronal mitochondria
Authors: Mendelsohn Rachel , Garcia Guadalupe C. , Bartol Thomas M. , Lee Christopher T. , Khandelwal Priya , Liu Emily , Spencer Donald J. , Husar Adam , Bushong Eric A. , Phan Sebastien , Perkins Guy , Ellisman Mark H. , Skupin Alexander , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Rangamani Padmini 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the highly dynamic metabolic landscape of a neuron, mitochondrial membrane architectures can provide critical insight into the unique energy balance of the cell. Current theoretical calculations of functional outputs like adenosine triphosphate and heat often represent mitochondria as idealized geometries, and therefore, can miscalculate the metabolic fluxes. To analyze mitochondrial morphology in neurons of mouse cerebellum neuropil, 3D tracings of complete synaptic and axonal mitochondria were constructed using a database of serial transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography images and converted to watertight meshes with minimal distortion of the original microscopy volumes with a granularity of 1.64 nanometer isotropic voxels. The resulting in‐silico representations were subsequently quantified by differential geometry methods in terms of the mean and Gaussian curvatures, surface areas, volumes, and membrane motifs, all of which can alter the metabolic output of the organelle. Finally, we identify structural motifs present across this population of mitochondria, which may contribute to future modeling studies of mitochondrial physiology and metabolism in neurons.
The Voyage of Micro/nanorobots inside the Human Body
Authors: Wei Fanan , Wang Lin , Yin Chao , Zhong Tianliang , Lu Zongxing , Yao Ligang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractControllable locomotion enables micron/nanorobots to voyage and perform microsurgeries inside the human body. With the assistance of micro/nanorobots, medical tasks can be fulfilled more efficiently than traditional treatment approaches. The micro/nanorobots have performed various tasks that would not be possible by conventional methods. Moreover, wireless propelling methods bring about a lot of benefits, so that the biomedical field gains a new development opportunity. Because of the continuous efforts made by researchers in the past decade, tremendous achievements have been obtained for micro/nanorobots working in vivo. Inside the human body, the micro/nanorobots hold great potential for various applications including cancer therapy, sensing, gene silencing and thrombolysis. In this paper, we provide an overview on recent wireless micro&nanorobots applied in cells, blood vessels, tissue and eyes. Actuation methods, including acoustic, magnetic, light, chemical and bioenergy, for micro&nanorobots insidethe human body are summarized and specific applications of them are also discussed. Furthermore, challenges such as speed, biocompatibility, controllability still exist. However, we can also foresee promising developments in future. Multifunction, simplified devices and intelligence will be the forthcoming development directions for in body micro&nanorobots.