bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Powered Low‐Cost UVC Sensor Based on Organic‐Inorganic Heterojunction for Partial Discharge Detection
Authors: Park Taehyun , Hur Jaehyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPower outages caused by the aging of high‐voltage power facilities can cause significant economic and social damage. To prevent such problems, it is necessary to implement a widespread and sustainable monitoring system. Partial discharge (PD) is a preliminary symptom of power equipment aging accompanying the light, typically in the UV range. UVC (200–280 nm) is more useful than UVA and UVB because of low interference from the environment owing to its solar‐blindness by the stratosphere. Therefore, to realize a wide‐range and durable diagnosis system, it is necessary to develop sensors that can selectively detect UVC, while enabling mass production at low‐cost and low power consumption. Here, a solution‐processable photodiode sensor that is inexpensive, mass‐producible, and self‐powered with selective UVC detection is developed. The optoelectronic characteristics of photodiode consisting of organic p‐polymer and inorganic n‐ZnO nanoparticles are systematically studied to determine the optimum p‐type polymer and its thickness. The device shows high‐performance: fast response time (rise/fall time: 36.6/37.0 ms) and high spectral response in the UVC region (maximum responsivity of 20 mA W−1) under self‐powered operation. Furthermore, the practical application of the device to detect PD signals with a visual alarm system under UVC release conditions is demonstrated.
Fast Response Organic Tandem Photodetector for Visible and Near‐Infrared Digital Optical Communications
Authors: Liu Junshi , Jiang Jizhong , Wang Shuangpeng , Li Tengfei , Jing Xin , Liu Yanling , Wang Yaxi , Wen Han , Yao Mengnan , Zhan Xiaowei , Shen Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrganic photodetectors (OPDs), which usually work as photodiodes, photoconductors, or phototransistors, have emerged as candidates for next‐generation light sensing. However, low response speed caused by low carrier mobility and resistance‐capacitance (RC) time constant, severely hinders the commercialization of OPDs. Herein, the authors demonstrate a state‐of‐the‐art OPD with a record response speed of 146.8 ns by employing tandem structure to simultaneously reduce both the carrier transit time and RC time constant of the device, which is faster than that of previously reported OPDs as far as they know. Moreover, benefitting from the multi‐level barrier enhancement and voltage division engendered by tandem structure, an ultralow noise current of 7.82 × 10−14 A Hz−1/2 is obtained, as well as a wide detection range in 300–1000 nm. In addition, the tandem OPDs are successfully integrated into the optical communication system as signal receivers, demonstrating the precise digital signal communication from visible to near‐infrared light. It is believed that tandem OPDs have promising application potential in the wireless transmission system.
An Intelligent Graphene‐Based Biosensing Device for Cytokine Storm Syndrome Biomarkers Detection in Human Biofluids
Authors: Hao Zhuang , Luo Yang , Huang Cong , Wang Ziran , Song Guoli , Pan Yunlu , Zhao Xuezeng , Liu Shaoqin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAbnormal elevated levels of cytokines such as interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), are considered as one of the prognosis biomarkers for indicating the progression to severe or critical COVID‐19. Hence, it is of great significance to develop devices for monitoring their levels in COVID‐19 patients, and thus enabling detecting COVID‐19 patients that are worsening and to treat them before they become critically ill. Here, an intelligent aptameric dual channel graphene‐TWEEN 80 field effect transistor (DGTFET) biosensing device for on‐site detection of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 within 7 min with limits of detection (LODs) of 476 × 10−15, 608 × 10−15, or 611 × 10−15 m respectively in biofluids is presented. Using the customized Android App together with this intelligent device, asymptomatic or mild COVID‐19 patients can have a preliminary self‐detection of cytokines and get a warning reminder while the condition starts to deteriorate. Also, the device can be fabricated on flexible substrates toward wearable applications for moderate or even critical COVID‐19 cases for consistently monitoring cytokines under different deformations. Hence, the intelligent aptameric DGTFET biosensing device is promising to be used for point‐of‐care applications for monitoring conditions of COVID‐19 patients who are in different situations.
Carbon‐based anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries: From material, mechanism to performance
Authors: Zhou Jinhui , Guo Shaojun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) show great potential in the application of large‐scale energy storage devices due to the comparable high operating voltage with lithium‐ion batteries and lower cost. Carbon‐based materials are promising candidates as anodes for PIBs, for their low cost, high abundance, nontoxicity, environmental benignity, and sustainability. In this review, we will first discuss the potassium storage mechanisms of graphitic and defective carbon materials and carbon‐based composites with various compositions and microstructures to comprehensively understand the potassium storage behavior. Then, several strategies based on heteroatoms doping, unique nanostructure design, and introduction of the conductive matrix to form composites are proposed to optimize the carbon‐based materials and achieve high performance for PIBs. Finally, we conclude the existing challenges and perspectives for further development of carbon‐based materials, which is believed to promote the practical application of PIBs in the future.
Preparation of magnetic zeolite/chitosan composite using silane as modifier for adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Liu Xiaoqi , Liu Yan , Zhang Ting'an 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to prepare an efficient, cost‐effective, and separable magnetic zeolite/chitosan composite (MZFA/CS) adsorbent from solid waste to deal with the water pollution of Cr(VI). The MZFA/CS was characterized by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. Then, the effect of pH, temperature, initial concentration of Cr(VI) ions, and contact time was considered in the study. For a sorbent dose of 0.1 g in 50 mL of a Cr(VI) solution, at a contact time of 30 min, temperature of 30°C, and a pH of 3, an adsorption capacity (qe) of 16.96 mg g−1 was achieved. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm data obtained for all adsorption systems were well‐fitted by pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir models, respectively. The thermodynamic study suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. In summary, the adsorbent with better separability (Ms = 16.83 emu g−1) and adsorbability was successfully fabricated.
Effective Solution of Ill-Posed Inverse Problems with Stabilized Forward Solver
Authors: Łoś Marcin , Schaefer Robert , Smołka Maciej 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider inverse parametric problems for elliptic variational PDEs. They are solved through the minimization of misfit functionals. Main difficulties encountered consist in the misfit multimodality and insensitivity as well as in the weak conditioning of the direct (forward) problem, that therefore requires stabilization. A complex multi-population memetic strategy hp-HMS combined with the Petrov-Galerkin method stabilized by the Demkowicz operator is proposed to overcome obstacles mentioned above. This paper delivers the theoretical motivation for the common inverse/forward error scaling, that can reduce significantly the computational cost of the whole strategy. A short illustrative numerical example is attached at the end of the paper.
Accounting for epistasis improves genomic prediction of phenotypes with univariate and bivariate models across environments
Authors: Vojgani Elaheh , Pook Torsten , Martini Johannes W. R. , Hölker Armin C. , Mayer Manfred , Schön Chris-Carolin , Simianer Henner 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Key Message
The accuracy of genomic prediction of phenotypes can be increased by including the top-ranked pairwise SNP interactions into the prediction model.

Abstract
We compared the predictive ability of various prediction models for a maize dataset derived from 910 doubled haploid lines from two European landraces (Kemater Landmais Gelb and Petkuser Ferdinand Rot), which were tested at six locations in Germany and Spain. The compared models were Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) as an additive model, Epistatic Random Regression BLUP (ERRBLUP) accounting for all pairwise SNP interactions, and selective Epistatic Random Regression BLUP (sERRBLUP) accounting for a selected subset of pairwise SNP interactions. These models have been compared in both univariate and bivariate statistical settings for predictions within and across environments. Our results indicate that modeling all pairwise SNP interactions into the univariate/bivariate model (ERRBLUP) is not superior in predictive ability to the respective additive model (GBLUP). However, incorporating only a selected subset of interactions with the highest effect variances in univariate/bivariate sERRBLUP can increase predictive ability significantly compared to the univariate/bivariate GBLUP. Overall, bivariate models consistently outperform univariate models in predictive ability. Across all studied traits, locations and landraces, the increase in prediction accuracy from univariate GBLUP to univariate sERRBLUP ranged from 5.9 to 112.4 percent, with an average increase of 47 percent. For bivariate models, the change ranged from −0.3 to + 27.9 percent comparing the bivariate sERRBLUP to the bivariate GBLUP, with an average increase of 11 percent. This considerable increase in predictive ability achieved by sERRBLUP may be of interest for “sparse testing” approaches in which only a subset of the lines/hybrids of interest is observed at each location.
Grain flash temperatures in diamond wire sawing of silicon
Authors: Pala Uygar , Süssmaier Stefan , Wegener Konrad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiamond wire sawing has obtained 90% of the single-crystal silicon–based photovoltaic market, mainly for its high production efficiency, high wafer quality, and low tool wear. The diamond wire wear is strongly influenced by the temperatures in the grain-workpiece contact zone; and yet, research studies on experimental investigations and modeling are currently lacking. In this direction, a temperature model is developed for the evaluation of the flash temperatures at the grain tip with respect to the grain penetration depth. An experimental single-grain scratch test setup is designed to validate the model that can emulate the long contact lengths as in the wire sawing process, at high speeds. Furthermore, the influence of brittle and ductile material removal modes on cutting zone temperatures is evaluated.
Perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling (ASL)–MRI predicts malignant progression in low‑grade (WHO grade II) gliomas
Authors: Flies Christina M. , Snijders Tom J. , Van Seeters Tom , Smits Marion , De Vos Filip Y. F. , Hendrikse Jeroen , Dankbaar Jan Willem 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Predicting malignant progression of grade II gliomas would allow for earlier initiation of treatment. The hypothesis for this single-centre, case–control study was that the perfusion signal on ASL-MRI predicts such malignant progression in the following 12 months.

Methods
Consecutive patients with the following criteria were included: ≥ 18 years, grade II glioma (biopsied or resected) and an ASL-MRI 6–12 months prior to malignant progression (cases) or stable disease (controls). Malignant progression was defined either radiologically (new T1w-contrast enhancement) or histologically (neurosurgical tissue sampling). Three controls were matched with each case. Some patients served as their own control by using earlier imaging. The ASL-MRIs were reviewed by two neuroradiologists and classified as positive (hyper-intense or iso-intense compared to cortical grey matter) or negative (hypo-intense). In patients with epilepsy, a neurologist reviewed clinicoradiological data to exclude peri-ictal pseudoprogression. The statistical analysis included diagnostic test properties, a Cohen’s Kappa interrater reliability coefficient and stratification for previous radiotherapy.

Results
Eleven cases (median age = 48, IQR = 43–50 years) and 33 controls (43, 27–50 years) were included. Malignant progression appeared at 37 months (median, IQR = 17–44) after first surgery. Thirty ASL-MRIs were assessed as negative and 14 as positive. None of the MRIs showed signs of peri-ictal pseudoprogression. ASL significantly predicted subsequent malignant progression (sensitivity = 73%; specificity = 82%; OR = 12; 95%-CI = 2.4–59.1; p = 0.002). The interrater reliability coefficient was 0.65. In stratified analysis, ASL-MRI predicted malignant progression both in patients with previous radiotherapy and in those without (Mantel–Haenszel test, p = 0.003).

Conclusion
Perfusion imaging with ASL-MRI can predict malignant progression within 12 months in patients with grade II glioma.
Head-to-head comparison of (R)-[11C]verapamil and [18F]MC225 in non-human primates, tracers for measuring P-glycoprotein function
Authors: García-Varela Lara , Vállez García David , Aguiar Pablo , Kakiuchi Takeharu , Ohba Hiroyuki , Harada Norihiro , Nishiyama Shingo , Tago Tetsuro , Elsinga Philip H. , Tsukada Hideo , Colabufo Nicola A. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , van Waarde Aren , Toyohara Jun , Boellaard Ronald , Luurtsema Gert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function is altered in several brain disorders; thus, it is of interest to monitor the P-gp function in vivo using PET. (R)-[11C]verapamil is considered the gold standard tracer to measure the P-gp function; however, it presents some drawbacks that limit its use. New P-gp tracers have been developed with improved properties, such as [18F]MC225. This study compares the characteristics of (R)-[11C]verapamil and [18F]MC225 in the same subjects.

Methods
Three non-human primates underwent 4 PET scans: 2 with (R)-[11C]verapamil and 2 with [18F]MC225, at baseline and after P-gp inhibition. The 30-min PET data were analyzed using 1-Tissue Compartment Model (1-TCM) and metabolite-corrected plasma as input function. Tracer kinetic parameters at baseline and after inhibition were compared. Regional differences and simplified methods to quantify the P-gp function were also assessed.

Results
At baseline, [18F]MC225 VT values were higher, and k2 values were lower than those of (R)-[11C]verapamil, whereas K1 values were not significantly different. After inhibition, VT values of the 2 tracers were similar; however, (R)-[11C]verapamil K1 and k2 values were higher than those of [18F]MC225. Significant regional differences between tracers were found at baseline, which disappeared after inhibition. The positive slope of the SUV-TAC was positively correlated to the K1 and VT of both tracers.

Conclusion
[18F]MC225 and (R)-[11C]verapamil show comparable sensitivity to measure the P-gp function in non-human primates. Moreover, this study highlights the 30-min VT as the best parameter to measure decreases in the P-gp function with both tracers. [18F]MC225 may become the first radiofluorinated tracer able to measure decreases and increases in the P-gp function due to its higher baseline VT.
GFAP positivity in neurons following traumatic brain injuries
Authors: Zwirner Johann , Lier Julia , Franke Heike , Hammer Niels , Matschke Jakob , Trautz Florian , Tse Rexon , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a well-established astrocytic biomarker for the diagnosis, monitoring and outcome prediction of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Few studies stated an accumulation of neuronal GFAP that was observed in various brain pathologies, including traumatic brain injuries. As the neuronal immunopositivity for GFAP in Alzheimer patients was shown to cross-react with non-GFAP epitopes, the neuronal immunopositivity for GFAP in TBI patients should be challenged. In this study, cerebral and cerebellar tissues of 52 TBI fatalities and 17 controls were screened for immunopositivity for GFAP in neurons by means of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The results revealed that neuronal immunopositivity for GFAP is most likely a staining artefact as negative controls also revealed neuronal GFAP staining. However, the phenomenon was twice as frequent for TBI fatalities compared to non-TBI control cases (12 vs. 6%). Neuronal GFAP staining was observed in the pericontusional zone and the ipsilateral hippocampus, but was absent in the contralateral cortex of TBI cases. Immunopositivity for GFAP was significantly correlated with the survival time (r = 0.306, P = 0.015), but no correlations were found with age at death, sex nor the post-mortem interval in TBI fatalities. This study provides evidence that the TBI-associated neuronal immunopositivity for GFAP is indeed a staining artefact. However, an absence post-traumatic neuronal GFAP cannot readily be assumed. Regardless of the particular mechanism, this study revealed that the artefact/potential neuronal immunopositivity for GFAP is a global, rather than a regional brain phenomenon and might be useful for minimum TBI survival time determinations, if certain exclusion criteria are strictly respected.
Are explicit and implicit affective attitudes toward different body shape categories related to the own body-satisfaction in young women? The role of mindfulness, self-compassion and social media activity
Authors: Jansen Petra , Schroter Franziska Anna , Hofmann Philipp 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImplicit and explicit attitudes influence our behavior. Accordingly, it was the main goal of the paper to investigate if those attitudes are related to body image satisfaction. 134 young women between 18 and 34 years completed an explicit affective rating and an implicit affective priming task with pictures of women with different BMIs. Because it is well known that mindfulness, self-compassion and social media activity influence body image satisfaction, these variables were registered as well. The results confirmed an explicit positive affective bias toward pictures of slim women and a negative bias toward emaciated and obese body pictures. It adds to the literature that the explicit positive bias does not hold true for the strongest form of underweight, suggesting that instead of dividing different body shapes into two groups, different gradings of under- and overweight should be considered. Concerning the affective priming task, no significant differences between the different pictures could be carved out. Implicit and explicit affective attitudes were not related to the body satisfaction of the participating women. In line with former studies, body satisfaction was predicted by the actual-ideal weight discrepancy, the BMI, aspects of mindfulness and self-compassion. This study indicates that implicit and explicit affective attitudes toward underweight and overweight women are unrelated to the participants’ body satisfaction.
A systematic review of the impact of intensive care admissions on post discharge cognition in children
Authors: Royer Ana Sánchez-Moreno , Busari Jamiu O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how hospitalization affects cognitive development is crucial to safeguard children’s cognition; however, there is little research evaluating the associations between NICU or PICU hospitalization and survivors’ cognition. The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the associations between a neonatal or pediatric ICU hospitalization and the short- and long-term cognition of survivors. The databases Cochrane Library, Medline, EBSCO, Embase, and Google Scholar and the journals JAMA Pediatrics, Journal of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Archives of Disease in Childhood, Academic Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and Child Development were searched until April 2021. Retrieved article references were analyzed. Included articles investigated cognition as an outcome of ICU hospitalization in non-preterm neonatal or pediatric patients. Case studies and studies analyzing diagnosis or treatment interventions were excluded. Four prospective cohort or case-control studies and two retrospective cohort studies were included, totaling 2172 neonatal and 42368 pediatric patients. Quality assessment using the BMJ Criteria and Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk-of-Bias tool displayed good results. Significant negative associations were found between neonatal cognition and length-of-ICU-stay at 9- (p<0.001) and 24 months (p<0.01), and between pediatric cognition and length-of-ICU-stay at discharge (p<0.001). Additional weeks on the neonatal ICU increased odds of impairment at 9- (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.034–1.112) and 24 months (OR 1.11, 95%CI 1.065–1.165).Conclusion: There is a significant negative correlation between NICU and PICU hospitalization and the short- and long-term cognitive status. Future research must identify patient- and hospital-related risk factors and develop management strategies.

What is Known:• Cognitive development relies on the presence of stimulating factors and absence of risk factors, and is hypothesized to be directly and indirectly affected by hospitalization in the short and long term.• No research examines the relation between survivor cognition post-discharge of a general pediatric hospitalization, and scarcely more of a neonatal or pediatric intensive care hospitalization.

What is New:• NICU and PICU hospitalization is independent risk factors for survivor impaired cognition in the short and in the long term with a dose-response effect. High risk patients for cognitive impairment should be identified and appropriately followed-up.• Patients with an ICU hospitalization of over 2.5 days and two or more of the following factors should be considered high risk: increased mortality risk, invasive interventions, neurological or oncological diagnosis, postnatal complications or decreased maternal mental health status.