bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodynamic models of short-lived, long-lived and periodic flat slab subduction
Authors: Schellart W P , Strak V 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARY
Flat slab subduction has been ascribed to a variety of causes, including subduction of buoyant ridges/plateaus and forced trench retreat. The former, however, has irregular spatial correlations with flat slabs, while the latter has required external forcing in geodynamic subduction models, which might be insufficient or absent in nature. In this paper, we present buoyancy-driven numerical geodynamic models and aim to investigate flat slab subduction in the absence of external forcing as well as test the influence of overriding plate strength, subducting plate thickness, inclusion/exclusion of an oceanic plateau and lower mantle viscosity on flat slab formation and its evolution. Flat slab subduction is reproduced during normal oceanic subduction in the absence of ridge/plateau subduction and without externally forced plate motion. Subduction of a plateau-like feature, in this buoyancy-driven setting, enhances slab steepening. In models that produce flat slab subduction, it only commences after a prolonged period of slab dip angle reduction during lower mantle slab penetration. The flat slab is supported by mantle wedge suction, vertical compressive stresses at the base of the slab and upper mantle slab buckling stresses. Our models demonstrate three modes of flat slab subduction, namely short-lived (transient) flat slab subduction, long-lived flat slab subduction and periodic flat slab subduction, which occur for different model parameter combinations. Most models demonstrate slab folding at the 660 km discontinuity, which produces periodic changes in the upper mantle slab dip angle. With relatively high overriding plate strength or large subducting plate thickness, such folding results in periodic changes in the dip angle of the flat slab segment, which can lead to periodic flat slab subduction, providing a potential explanation for periodic arc migration. Flat slab subduction ends due to the local overriding plate shortening and thickening it produces, which forces mantle wedge opening and a reduction in mantle wedge suction. As overriding plate strength controls the shortening rate, it has a strong control on the duration of flat slab subduction, which increases with increasing strength. For the weakest overriding plate, flat slab subduction is short-lived and lasts only 6 Myr, while for the strongest overriding plate flat slab subduction is long-lived and exceeds 75 Myr. Progressive overriding plate shortening during flat slab subduction might explain why flat slab subduction terminated in the Eocene in western North America and in the Jurassic in South China.
Generation and characterization of a P2rx2 V60L mouse model for DFNA41
Authors: Chen Xiaoya , Abad Clemer , Chen Zheng-yi , Young Juan I , Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah B , Walz Katherina , Liu Xue Zhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
P2RX2 encodes the P2X2 receptor, which is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) gated (purinoreceptor) ion channel. P2RX2 c. 178G &gt; T (p.V60L) mutation was previously identified in two unrelated Chinese families, as the cause of human DFNA41, a form of dominant, early-onset and progressive sensorineural hearing loss. We generated and characterized a knock-in mouse model based on human p.V60L mutation that recapitulates the human phenotype. Heterozygous KI mice started to exhibit hearing loss at 21-day-old and progressed to deafness by 6-month-old. Vestibular dysfunction was also observed in mutant mice. Abnormal morphology of the inner hair cells and ribbon synapses was progressively observed in KI animals suggesting that P2rx2 plays a role in the membrane spatial location of the ribbon synapses. These results suggest that P2rx2 is essential for acoustic information transfer, which can be the molecular mechanism related to hearing loss.
Alternative data sources can fill the gaps in data-poor fisheries
Authors: Machado Alexandre M S , Giehl Eduardo L Hettwer , Fernandes Luiza Pacheco , Ingram Simon N , Daura-Jorge Fábio G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Assessing fish stocks harvested by small-scale fisheries is challenging. The lack of official fisheries data constrains the proper management of such fisheries. Thus, alternative sources of information are crucial to enrich data-poor fisheries. Here, we evaluated different sources of data for the mullet (Mugil liza) fishery, one of the most important but overexploited fisheries in Brazil. We gathered three alternative sources of catch data by artisanal fisheries: 14 years of self-reported catches by artisanal fishers across 24 municipalities; 16 years of catches by traditional beach seines mined from news outlets; and 13 years from a single community monitoring their beach seine catches. We tested whether alternative data sources follow the same trends of landing reports from systematic, official monitoring of the industrial fleet. We fitted Bayesian time-series models to test if environmental changes and stock abundance can predict these data. We found that only self-reported catches matched the official reporting trends, thereby improving our understanding of changes in the mullet stock. These findings reveal that self-reported catches by fishers provide reliable additional data useful for management. Self-reporting data are cost-effective, deals with the complexity of small-scale fisheries, and welcomes fishers as key stakeholders in management practices.
Educational intervention to improve the safety medication process: a review using the GRADE approach
Authors: Giannetta Noemi , Dionisi Sara , Tonello Monica , Cappadona Rosaria , Di Muzio Marco , Di Simone Emanuele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Medication errors are frequent and affect patient safety in all the world. This review using the GRADE approach aims to identify the educational intervention which improves nursing medication competences and knowledge.

Methods
According to PRISMA statement, a review was conducted.

Key findings
In this review of nine studies, we determined that there is a lot of educational intervention aimed to improve nursing knowledge, such as traditional classroom training, simulation, e-learning, slide show presentations and the use of posters and pamphlets or mobile application. All of these can improve the medication process and nursing skills. Only three studies reached moderate, and two studies reached low-quality ratings.

Conclusions
Our findings show that all educational interventions can lead to medication without harm. This work will inform regulators, public health initiatives and policy makers considering the nursing educational intervention for increasing patient safety and improve medication competence and knowledge.
The influence of surface CO2 condensation on the evolution of warm and cold rocky planets orbiting Sun-like stars
Authors: Bonati I , Ramirez R M 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The habitable zone is the region around a star where standing bodies of liquid water can be stable on a planetary surface. Its width is often assumed to be dictated by the efficiency of the carbonate–silicate cycle, which has maintained habitable surface conditions on our planet for billions of years. This cycle may be inhibited by surface condensation of significant amounts of CO2 ice, which is likely to occur on distant planets containing high enough levels of atmospheric CO2. Such a process could permanently trap CO2 ice within the planet, threatening its long-term habitability. Recent work has modelled this scenario for initially cold and icy planetary bodies orbiting the Sun. Here, we use an advanced energy balance model to consider both initially warm and cold rapidly rotating planets orbiting F - K stars. We show that the range of orbital distances where significant surface CO2 ice condensation occurs is significantly reduced for warm start planets. Star type does not affect this conclusion, although surface CO2 ice condenses over a larger fraction of the habitable zone around hotter stars. The warm start simulations are thus consistent with 1D model predictions, suggesting that the classical habitable zone limits in those earlier models are still valid. We also find that the cold start simulations exhibit trends that are consistent with those of previous work for the Sun although we now extend the analysis to other star types.
Kinetic powers of the relativistic jets in Mrk 421 and Mrk 501
Authors: Deng Xiao-Chun , Hu Wen , Lu Fang-Wu , Dai Ben-Zhong 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Using the standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, we systematically analyse the quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 during states of relatively low activity. With this model in place, a semi-analytical method is developed to examine the uncertainty in jet power estimation caused by degeneracy of the radiative models. The semi-analytical method, in combination with the MCMC technique, allows us to explore the jet properties over a wide range of the variability time-scale. Our results seem to support the following. (i) In both Mrk 421 and Mrk 501, the jets are powered by rapidly rotating black holes. The black hole spin in Mrk 501 could be lower than that in Mrk 421 or possibly they are equal under the assumption of the Blandford–Znajek mechanism. (ii) The energy losses, which could be used to form the large-scale radio structure, are important for reconciling the differences of the kinetic power derived from the observations of the large-scale structure and the SED fitting results. Moreover, the jet energy losses in the propagation are more significant for Mrk 501 than for Mrk 421.
The prospects for observing [O iii] 52 micron emission from galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Yang Shengqi , Lidz Adam , Popping Gergö 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The [O iii] 88 $\mu$m fine-structure emission line has been detected into the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) from star-forming galaxies at redshifts 6 &lt; z ≲ 9 with ALMA. These measurements provide valuable information regarding the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the highest redshift galaxies discovered thus far. The [O iii] 88 $\mu$m line observations leave, however, a degeneracy between the gas density and metallicity in these systems. Here, we quantify the prospects for breaking this degeneracy using future ALMA observations of the [O iii] 52 $\mu$m line. Among the current set of 10 [O iii] 88 $\mu$m emitters at 6 &lt; z ≲ 9, we forecast 52 $\mu$m detections (at 6σ) in SXDF-NB1006-2, B14-6566, J0217-0208, and J1211-0118 within on-source observing times of 2–10 h, provided their gas densities are larger than about nH ≳ 102–103 cm−3. Other targets generally require much longer integration times for a 6σ detection. Either successful detections of the 52 $\mu$m line or reliable upper limits will lead to significantly tighter constraints on ISM parameters. The forecasted improvements are as large as ∼3 dex in gas density and ∼1 dex in metallicity for some regions of parameter space. We suggest SXDF-NB1006-2 as a promising first target for 52 $\mu$m line measurements. We discuss how such measurements will help in understanding the mass–metallicity relationship during the EoR.
Gravitational lensing in LoTSS DR2: extremely faint 144-MHz radio emission from two highly magnified quasars
Authors: McKean J P , Luichies R , Drabent A , Gürkan G , Hartley P , Lafontaine A , Prandoni I , Röttgering H J A , Shimwell T W , Stacey H R , Tasse C 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We report extremely faint 144 MHz radio emission from two gravitationally lensed quasars, SDSS J1004+4112 (z = 1.730) and SDSS J2222+2745 (z = 2.803), using the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) data release 2. After correcting for the lensing magnifications, the two objects have intrinsic flux-densities of 13 ± 2 and 58 ± 6 μJy, respectively, corresponding to 144 MHz rest-frame luminosities of 1023.2 ± 0.2 and 1024.42 ± 0.05 W Hz−1, respectively. In the case of SDSS J1004+4112, the intrinsic flux density is close to the confusion limit of LoTSS, making this radio source the faintest to be detected thus far at low frequencies, and the lowest luminosity known at z ≳ 0.65. Under the assumption that all of the radio emission is due to star-formation processes, the quasar host galaxies are predicted to have star-formation rates of $5.5^{+1.8}_{-1.4}$ and $73^{+34}_{-22}$ M⊙ yr−1, respectively. Further multiwavelength observations at higher angular resolution will be needed to determine if any of the detected radio emission is due to weak jets associated with the quasars.
ADMETlab 2.0: an integrated online platform for accurate and comprehensive predictions of ADMET properties
Authors: Xiong Guoli , Wu Zhenxing , Yi Jiacai , Fu Li , Yang Zhijiang , Hsieh Changyu , Yin Mingzhu , Zeng Xiangxiang , Wu Chengkun , Lu Aiping , Chen Xiang , Hou Tingjun , Cao Dongsheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Because undesirable pharmacokinetics and toxicity of candidate compounds are the main reasons for the failure of drug development, it has been widely recognized that absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) should be evaluated as early as possible. In silico ADMET evaluation models have been developed as an additional tool to assist medicinal chemists in the design and optimization of leads. Here, we announced the release of ADMETlab 2.0, a completely redesigned version of the widely used AMDETlab web server for the predictions of pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties of chemicals, of which the supported ADMET-related endpoints are approximately twice the number of the endpoints in the previous version, including 17 physicochemical properties, 13 medicinal chemistry properties, 23 ADME properties, 27 toxicity endpoints and 8 toxicophore rules (751 substructures). A multi-task graph attention framework was employed to develop the robust and accurate models in ADMETlab 2.0. The batch computation module was provided in response to numerous requests from users, and the representation of the results was further optimized. The ADMETlab 2.0 server is freely available, without registration, at https://admetmesh.scbdd.com/.
Holographic entanglement entropy of a de Sitter braneworld with Lovelock terms
Authors: Kushihara Kouki , Izumi Keisuke , Shiromizu Tetsuya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We examine the de Sitter entropy in the braneworld model with the Gauss–Bonnet/Lovelock terms. We find that the de Sitter entropy computed through the Euclidean action exactly coincides with the holographic entanglement entropy.
Most Genomic Loci Misrepresent the Phylogeny of an Avian Radiation Because of Ancient Gene Flow
Authors: Zhang Dezhi , Rheindt Frank E , She Huishang , Cheng Yalin , Song Gang , Jia Chenxi , Qu Yanhua , Alström Per , Lei Fumin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhylogenetic trees based on genome-wide sequence data may not always represent the true evolutionary history for a variety of reasons. One process that can lead to incorrect reconstruction of species phylogenies is gene flow, especially if interspecific gene flow has affected large parts of the genome. We investigated phylogenetic relationships within a clade comprising eight species of passerine birds (Phylloscopidae, Phylloscopus, leaf warblers) using one de novo genome assembly and 78 resequenced genomes. On the basis of hypothesis-exclusion trials based on D-statistics, phylogenetic network analysis, and demographic inference analysis, we identified ancient gene flow affecting large parts of the genome between one species and the ancestral lineage of a sister species pair. This ancient gene flow consistently caused erroneous reconstruction of the phylogeny when using large amounts of genome-wide sequence data. In contrast, the true relationships were captured when smaller parts of the genome were analyzed, showing that the “winner-takes-all democratic majority tree” is not necessarily the true species tree. Under this condition, smaller amounts of data may sometimes avoid the effects of gene flow due to stochastic sampling, as hidden reticulation histories are more likely to emerge from the use of larger data sets, especially whole-genome data sets. In addition, we also found that genomic regions affected by ancient gene flow generally exhibited higher genomic differentiation but a lower recombination rate and nucleotide diversity. Our study highlights the importance of considering reticulation in phylogenetic reconstructions in the genomic era.[Bifurcation; introgression; recombination; reticulation; Phylloscopus.]
Association of leptospirosis and scrub typhus in acute encephalitis syndrome in a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India
Authors: Das Bidyut Kumar , Mohanty Sriprasad , Sahoo Prakash Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a major public health concern in India, causing febrile illness principally associated with viral infection. Bacteria-like scrub typhus and leptospirosis also cause acute febrile illness. Therefore, this study was conceived to address the possible etiological agents contributing to sporadic AES in a tertiary care center in Odisha, India.

Method
This was a prospective hospital-based study that enrolled 92 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed AES whose blood/cerebrospinal fluid samples were tested for IgM antibodies to dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), leptospirosis and scrub typhus.

Results
Viral antibodies to dengue were detected in three (3.26%) cases, HSV1 in four (4.34%) and HSV2 in three (3.26%) cases. Significantly, antibodies to EBV in 22 (23.591%) and to JE in 27 (29.34%) cases were detected. Notably, 30 (32.60%) and 11(12.0%) of patients had IgM antibodies to leptospirosis and scrub typhus, respectively.

Conclusion
This observation indicates an association of leptospirosis and scrub typhus infection in sporadic cases of AES, besides other viruses.
Parental Experiences of Infant Car Bed Use After Failure of Car Seat Tolerance Screen
Authors: O'Connor Christina M. , McGrath Jacqueline , DeGrazia Michele 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Failure of the car seat tolerance screen (CSTS) during hospitalization often leads to a recommendation for automobile travel within a car bed at discharge.

Purpose:
To describe the parental experience utilizing a car bed for infant automobile transportation.

Methods:
A descriptive, qualitative study design was undertaken with a purposive sample of parents recruited for a single interview in the pulmonary clinic at the time of the follow-up CSTS, approximately 1 month after hospital discharge. Interviews, guided by a semistructured interview tool, provided a holistic understanding of the parental experience utilizing car bed travel.

Findings/Results:
Data from 15 parental interviews revealed an overarching emotional journey consisting of 5 themes: (1) an adjustment period; (2) decision-making related to the car bed purchase; (3) encounters with varied provider education and knowledge; (4) safety and security of the car bed during transit; and (5) space and mobility restrictions imposed by the car bed.

Implications for Practice
While recommendations exist for infant travel in a car seat, supportive recommendations for parents with an infant who needs to travel in a car bed do not exist. Based on study findings, providing parents supportive guidelines, education, and recommendations for their infant requiring travel in a car bed may be a strategy to ease the stress experienced in this situation.

Implications for Research:
Findings indicated a need to develop policies and standards, as well as comprehensive education, for providers and parents related to car bed travel. Further research is needed to identify strategies to best support parents and infants.
A Review of the NANN Research Summit Experience
Authors: Esser Media S. , Shelley Lauren , Moore Tiffany A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The NANN Research Summit has been providing a platform for neonatal scholarship and clinical inquiry for 15 years. As the discipline of nursing and nursing research continue to evolve, it is important to gain perspective on current trends and needs for areas of strength and growth.

Purpose:
To evaluate participant outcomes of the NANN Research Summit and determine opportunities for improvement.

Methods:
A 9-question survey was sent to 90 past participants for the Research Summit years 2015-2019.

Results:
Thirty-seven (41%) participants from 2015 to 2019 responded. Of those responding, 75% continued to pursue their presentation topic; 95% felt empowered to continue their research based on their Summit experience; 84% felt more comfortable presenting their research findings after attending; 84% felt confident in publishing research after attending the Summit, with 43% reporting publications. These accomplished results would not have been possible without Mead Johnson's support. In addition, 57% did not publish the work presented and 65% lacked continued mentorship.

Implications for Practice:
A redesigned Summit is presented to address the priorities for growth and alignment with continued emphasis on collegiality among neonatal nurse scholars. The redesigned Summit will promote continued clinical inquiry as a result of intentional focus on mentorship and development of scholarship.

Implications for Research:
The data collected from this initial survey will continue to serve as the basis for future data collection. Continued evaluation of strengths and areas for growth including the number of publications and mentorship experience can lead to expansion of research for the Summit facilitators and participants.
Reducing Admission Hypothermia in Neonates Born at Less Than 32 Weeks or 1500 g
Authors: Frazer Milena , Ciarlo Amy , Hinderer Katherine A. , Briere Carrie-Ellen 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this quality improvement project was to decrease admission hypothermia in neonates born at less than 32 weeks or less than 1500 g.

Methods:
At delivery, neonates born less than 1500 g or at less than 32 weeks received polyurethane bags, polyurethane hats, and chemical mattresses. New practice guidelines from 2016 promoted this practice for all neonates born at less than 32 weeks, but the authors' prior work indicated that all neonates born less than 1500 g were at risk (regardless of gestational age) and would benefit from these interventions.

Findings/Results:
After the intervention, only 2.1% (n = 2) of neonates born less than 1500 g or at less than 32 weeks were admitted moderately hypothermic (<36°C) compared with 9.6% in 2016, 20.2% in 2015, and 32.4% in 2014. Overall, the mean admission temperature in 2017 was 37°C, improved from 36.6°C in 2016, 36.3°C in 2015, and 36.2°C in 2014 (P < .001).

Implications for Practice:
The intervention significantly reduced the number of neonates admitted moderately hypothermic (<36.0°C) to this neonatal intensive care unit. Using chemical mattresses and polyurethane bags with neonates born less than 1500 g or at less than 32 weeks (compared with only <1000 g) improved admission temperatures. It is important to include all neonates born less than 1500 g in these practice interventions and not only those born at less than 32 weeks; both gestational age and weight should guide practice.

Implications for Research:
More research is needed on the effects of thermoregulation interventions and hyperthermia in neonates, as well as best practice thermoregulation interventions for preterm and ill neonates of all gestational ages and weights.