bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Autonomous Vehicles for People with Visual Impairment
Authors: Fink Paul D. S. , Holz Jessica A. , Giudice Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2021

A significant number of individuals in the United States report a disability that limits their ability to travel, including many people who are
blind or visually impaired (BVI).
The implications of restricted transportation result in negative impacts related to economic security, physical and mental health, and overall quality of life.
Fully autonomous vehicles (FAVs)
present a means to mitigate travel barriers for this population by providing new, safe, and independent travel opportunities. However, current policies governing interactions with the
artificial intelligence (AI)
‘at the wheel’ of FAVs do not reflect the accessibility needs articulated by BVI people in the extant literature, failing to encourage use cases that would result in life changing mobility. By reviewing the legislative and policy efforts surrounding FAVs, we argue that the heart of this problem is due to a disjointed, laissez-faire approach to FAV accessibility that has yet to actualize the full benefits of this new transportation mode, not only for BVI people, but also for all users. We outline the necessity for a policy framework that guides the design of FAVs to include the concerns of BVI people and then propose legislative and design recommendations aimed to promote enhanced accessibility, transparency, and fairness during FAV travel.
Certifying the synthesis of heap-manipulating programs
Authors: Watanabe Yasunari , Gopinathan Kiran , Pîrlea George , Polikarpova Nadia , Sergey Ilya 
Published: August 2021

Automated deductive program synthesis promises to generate executable programs from concise specifications, along with proofs of correctness that can be independently verified using third-party tools. However, an attempt to exercise this promise using existing proof-certification frameworks reveals significant discrepancies in how proof derivations are structured for two different purposes: program synthesis and program verification. These discrepancies make it difficult to use certified verifiers to validate synthesis results, forcing one to write an ad-hoc translation procedure from synthesis proofs to correctness proofs for each verification backend.
In this work, we address this challenge in the context of the synthesis and verification of heap-manipulating programs. We present a technique for principled translation of deductive synthesis derivations (a.k.a. source proofs) into deductive target proofs about the synthesised programs in the logics of interactive program verifiers. We showcase our technique by implementing three different certifiers for programs generated via SuSLik, a Separation Logic-based tool for automated synthesis of programs with pointers, in foundational verification frameworks embedded in Coq: Hoare Type Theory (HTT), Iris, and Verified Software Toolchain (VST), producing concise and efficient machine-checkable proofs for characteristic synthesis benchmarks.
SLFN11 is Widely Expressed in Pediatric Sarcoma and Induces Variable Sensitization to Replicative Stress Caused By DNA-Damaging Agents
Authors: Gartrell Jessica , Mellado-Largarde Marcia , Clay Michael R. , Bahrami Armita , Sahr Natasha A. , Sykes April , Blankenship Kaley , Hoffmann Lauren , Xie Jia , Cho Hyekyung P. , Twarog Nathaniel , Connelly Michele , Yan Koon-Kiu , Yu Jiyang , Porter Shaina N. , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Neale Geoffrey , Tinkle Christopher L. , Federico Sara M. , Stewart Elizabeth A. , Shelat Anang A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Pediatric sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies that exhibit variable response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Schlafen family member 11 protein (SLFN11) increases sensitivity to replicative stress and has been implicated as a potential biomarker to predict sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents (DDA). SLFN11 expression was quantified in 220 children with solid tumors using IHC. Sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor talazoparib (TAL) and the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (IRN) was assessed in sarcoma cell lines, including SLFN11 knock-out (KO) and overexpression models, and a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model (PDOX). SLFN11 was expressed in 69% of pediatric sarcoma sampled, including 90% and 100% of Ewing sarcoma and desmoplastic small round-cell tumors, respectively, although the magnitude of expression varied widely. In sarcoma cell lines, protein expression strongly correlated with response to TAL and IRN, with SLFN11 KO resulting in significant loss of sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, retrospective analysis of children with sarcoma found no association between SLFN11 levels and favorable outcome. Subsequently, high SLFN11 expression was confirmed in a PDOX model derived from a patient with recurrent Ewing sarcoma who failed to respond to treatment with TAL + IRN. Selective inhibition of BCL-xL increased sensitivity to TAL + IRN in SLFN11-positive resistant tumor cells. Although SLFN11 appears to drive sensitivity to replicative stress in pediatric sarcomas, its potential to act as a biomarker may be limited to certain tumor backgrounds or contexts. Impaired apoptotic response may be one mechanism of resistance to DDA-induced replicative stress.
ATR Inhibitor M6620 (VX-970) Enhances the Effect of Radiation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis Patient-Derived Xenografts
Authors: Baschnagel Andrew M. , Elnaggar Jacob H. , VanBeek Haley J. , Kromke Ashley C. , Skiba Justin H. , Kaushik Saakshi , Abel Lindsey , Clark Paul A. , Longhurst Colin A. , Nickel Kwangok P. , Leal Ticiana A. , Zhao Shuang G. , Kimple Randall J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractM6620, a selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of the ATM and RAD3-related (ATR) kinase, is currently under investigation with radiation in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases. We evaluated the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway profile of NSCLC and assessed the radiosensitizing effects of M6620 in a preclinical NSCLC brain metastasis model. Mutation analysis and transcriptome profiling of DDR genes and pathways was performed on NSCLC patient samples. NSCLC cell lines were assessed with proliferation, clonogenic survival, apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage signaling and repair assays. NSCLC brain metastasis patient-derived xenograft models were used to assess intracranial response and overall survival. In vivo IHC was performed to confirm in vitro results. A significant portion of NSCLC patient tumors demonstrated enrichment of DDR pathways. DDR pathways correlated with lung squamous cell histology; and mutations in ATR, ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK1, and CHEK2 correlated with enrichment of DDR pathways in lung adenocarcinomas. M6620 reduced colony formation after radiotherapy and resulted in inhibition of DNA DSB repair, abrogation of the radiation-induced G2 cell checkpoint, and formation of dysfunctional micronuclei, leading to enhanced radiation-induced mitotic death. The combination of M6620 and radiation resulted in improved overall survival in mice compared with radiation alone. In vivo IHC revealed inhibition of pChk1 in the radiation plus M6620 group. M6620 enhances the effect of radiation in our preclinical NSCLC brain metastasis models, supporting the ongoing clinical trial (NCT02589522) evaluating M6620 in combination with whole brain irradiation in patients with NSCLC brain metastases.
Optimizing Emergency Stroke Transport Strategies Using Physiological Models
Authors: Paydarfar Daniel A. , Paydarfar David , Mucha Peter J. , Chang Joshua 
Published: August 2021

Background and Purpose:
The criteria for choosing between drip and ship and mothership transport strategies in emergency stroke care is widely debated. Although existing data-driven probability models can inform transport decision-making at an epidemiological level, we propose a novel mathematical, physiologically derived framework that provides insight into how patient characteristics underlying infarct core growth influence these decisions.

Methods:

We represent the physiology of time-dependent infarct core growth within an ischemic penumbra as an exponential function with consideration to rate-determining collateral blood flow. Monte Carlo methods generate distributions of infarct core volumes, which are translated to distributions of 90-day modified Rankin Scale scores. We apply the model to a stroke network that serves rural Bastrop County and urban Travis County by simulating transport strategies from thousands of potential patient pickup locations. In every pickup location, the simulation yields a distribution of outcomes corresponding to each transport strategy. A 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Student
t
test determine which transport strategy provides a significantly better probability of a good outcome for a given pickup location in each respective county (
P
<0.01).

Results:
In Travis County, drip and ship provides significantly better probabilities of a good outcome in 24.0% of the pickup locations, while 59.8% favor mothership. In Bastrop County, 11.3% of the pickup locations favor drip and ship, while only 7.1% favor mothership. The remaining pickup locations in each county are not statistically significant in either direction. We also reveal how differing rates of infarct core growth, the application of bypass policies, and the use of large vessel occlusion field tests impact these results.

Conclusions:
Modeling stroke physiology enables the use of clinically relevant metrics for determining comparative significance between drip and ship and mothership in a given geography. This formalism can help understand and inform emergency medical service transport decision-making, as well as regional bypass policies.
The Necessity of the Epochē and Reduction for a Husserlian Phenomenological Science of Psychology
Authors: Giorgi Amedeo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In adapting Husserl’s philosophical phenomenological method to conduct research in psychology I included Husserl’s two methodical steps, the epochē and the reduction (sometimes combined), as part of the scientific procedure. Zahavi objected to my use of those steps. This article is a response to his objections and it is a reaffirmation of the necessity of the epochē and reduction for Husserlian phenomenological psychological research. A description of Husserl’s acknowledged types of psychology and a description of his transcendental phenomenology are also presented along with two outlines of how Husserlian phenomenological research could be conducted.
Empathy and Togetherness Online Compared to IRL: A Phenomenological Account
Authors: Svenaeus Fredrik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper I aim to show with the aid of philosophers Edith Stein and Peter Goldie, how empathy and other social feelings are instantiated and developed in real life versus on the Internet. The examples of on-line communication show both how important the embodied aspects of empathy are and how empathy may be possible also in the cases of encountering personal stories rather than personal bodies. Since video meetings, social media, online gaming and other forms of interaction via digital technologies are taking up an increasing part of our time, it is important to understand how such forms of social intercourse are different from in real life (IRL) meetings and why they can accordingly foster not only new communal bonds but also hatred and misunderstanding.
The Role of Chinese Medicine in Treating and Preventing COVID-19 in Hubei, China
Authors: Ochs Shelley , Garran Thomas Avery 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The mobilization of Chinese medicine resources in the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei, China, was part of the larger mobilization of society and multiple tiers of the healthcare system. In this article we describe how Chinese medicine teams organized treatment and prevention, how they conceptualized this treatment and evaluated the results, and what this may contribute to our understanding of how traditional medical traditions can be safely and effectively integrated into modern epidemic treatment and control.
Putting a Face on the Pathogen and Its Nemesis
Authors: Triplett Katja 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In medieval Japan, so-called “four boundary demarcation rituals” were believed to turn invisible epidemic disease-bringing “demons” into visible beings. Making the demons visible, at least to the ritual experts involved, was a way of controlling them. The demons had a dual nature in that they harmed humans but could also become powerful protectors against disease and other calamities. This essay introduces the elaborate ritual culture of yin-yang divination, esoteric Buddhism, and kami worship in Japan, all of which involve “demonic” and protective deities. It explores images of two epidemic demons that serve humans as guardians and protectors against epidemic disease: Tenkeisei 天刑星, the Star of Heavenly Punishment, and Gozutennō 牛頭天王, the Bull-Headed Divine King. Tenkeisei ultimately merged with Gozutennō, who is also conflated with the deity Susanoo 素戔嗚.
The Practice of Two Danish Female Islamic Authorities Facilitating Divorce
Authors: Petersen Jesper 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Research on Muslim divorce practices in Europe often focuses exclusively on male Islamic authority, neglecting the role of women. This article compares the Islamic divorce practice of two female Islamic authorities with that of nineteen male Islamic authorities to demonstrate that women have important roles in relation to Islamic divorce. It also analyses how the two Danish female informants, Zaynab and Aisha, function as highly specialised volunteer social workers, referring Muslim women to shelters and guiding them through their Islamic divorce. Thus, the article points out a vacuum in the services provided by the Danish state – the lack of knowledge about conflicts relating to Islamic divorce – which makes professional social workers a less relevant option for Muslim women experiencing nikah-captivity (marital captivity within an Islamic symbolic frame of reference).
Managing the Risk of Self-Judging Security Exceptions Through Insurance: How Recent Mergers and Acquisitions Practice Copes with Investment Screening
Authors: Hagemeyer Teoman M. , Pohl Jens Hillebrand 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In light of the limited possibility to seek legal recourse against screening of foreign investments on grounds of national security, can insurance provide an alternative avenue to compensate affected investors? The answer is: Yes, but with caveats. For investors, even if insurance does not provide an equivalent to full reparation, it can serve as a useful mitigant of the risk that contemplated investment transactions cannot be consummated as anticipated due to screening measures. For host States, insurance provides a useful mechanism by which they can facilitate compensation of investors without having to disclose information contrary to their essential security interests and thus a means by which host States can remain attractive to foreign direct investment in spite of investment screening.
The Strange Case of the Diocese of Olena and the Churches of Andravida, Capital of the Principality of Achaia
Authors: Schabel Chris 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
By the mid-thirteenth century, at least five Latin churches stood in Andravida (Andreville), capital of the Principality of Achaia, and yet the town lay in the diocese of Olena, an obscure village. Understandably, it is the unanimous view of writers of every sort that the Latin bishops merely took their title from Olena but were actually bishops of Andravida, where they allegedly presided. Many even assert that these de facto bishops of Andravida employed as their cathedral the Dominican church of Holy Wisdom (Sancta Sophia), ubiquitously identified with the vaulted remains of the Gothic east end of a church still prominent in the town. After reviewing the evidence for the above claims, this paper analyzes the phenomena in light of the broader context of the transition from Byzantine to Frankish secular control and from Greek to Latin ecclesiastical rule. It proposes instead that, after the Frankish conquest, a Greek bishop remained in situ in Olena, leading the Franks to create a new episcopal see in Andravida, the memory of which persisted for centuries. With the eventual demise, deposition, or departure of the Greek prelate, however, there was no need for the new see. Whether the Latin bishops of Olena then resided in Andravida, Olena, or both, they did not preside from the Dominican church of Holy Wisdom.
Cockroach (Blattodea, Blaberoidea) fauna of the Maltese Islands, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: BOHN HORST , SCIBERRAS ARNOLD 
Published: August 2021

Cockroach (Blattodea, Blaberoidea) fauna of the Maltese Islands. Hitherto seven species of cockroaches were known from the Maltese Archipelago (Schembri 1980): four of them are synanthropic species introduced by man: Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana and Supella longipalpa; the remaining three are indigenous species: Ectobius kraussianus, Loboptera decipiens and Polyphaga aegyptiaca. The earlier reports almost exclusively concern the largest island Malta; only one report (L. decipiens) applies to the islet Comino.

Faunistic part. By recent collectings of the authors (mainly A.S.) including also the smaller islands Gozo, Comino and some rock islets (Cominotto, Filfla, Fungus Rock, Large Blue Lagoon Rock, Pigean Rock) the known distribution of the species could be largely widened; two further obviously indigenous species were found, both new to science and presumably endemic to Malta: Ectobius melitensis, sp. nov. (Ectobiidae, Ectobiinae) and Heterogamisca jeffreyana, sp. nov. (Corydiidae, Corydiinae). E. kraussianus presumably has to be eliminated from the list of Maltese cockroaches; the older report most likely concerns a misidentified E. melitensis. During the last years the number of introduced species was strongly increased (1) by escapees of species cultivated for the nourishment of amphibia and reptilia, as are Blaptica dubia, Gromphadorhina sp., Nauphoeta cinerea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Shelfordella lateralis and Symploce pallens, and (2) by species presumably imported with gardening materials: Pycnoscelus surinamensis and Phoetalia pallida. The mentioned species have repeatedly been found in human buildings and adjacent gardens of a number of settlements, mostly in the surroundings of the capital Valetta. They seem to be well established there; part of them has even been observed in the wild. The newly introduced species are in spite of their successful establishment and reproduction in Malta not considered as a danger for the indigenous species: The great differences in the requirements between the two groups most likely exclude competition between them. Three species, Ectobius vittiventris, Henschoutedenis flexivitta, and Periplaneta australasiae, have only occasionally been found and can, therefore, scarcely be considered as members of the Maltese fauna; the latter also applies to species of the genus Panchlora which were repeatedly observed on fruit markets at freshly imported bananas, but never found outside, neither in the Maltese banana plantations.
Taxonomic part. The new species are described and compared with their closest relatives, colouration and characteristic structures are shown in several figures. Ectobius melitensis belongs to the kraussianus-species group of Ectobius known from Sicily and surrounding islands (Ustica, Aeolian Islands, Ponza), but with one species also reaching Albania; the nearest relatives of Heterogamisca jeffreyana are occurring on the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia).
A Global Perspective of Tropical Cyclone Precipitation in Reanalyses
Authors: Jones Evan , Wing Allison A. , Parfitt Rhys 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study compares the spread in climatological tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation across eight different reanalysis datasets: NCEP-CFSR, ERA-20C, ERA-40, ERA5, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and NOAA-20C. TC precipitation is assigned using manual tracking via a fixed 500-km radius from each TC center. The reanalyses capture similar general spatial patterns of TC precipitation and TC precipitation fraction, defined as the fraction of annual precipitation assigned to TCs, and the spread in TC precipitation is larger than the spread in total precipitation across reanalyses. The spread in TC precipitation relative to the inter-reanalysis mean TC precipitation, or relative spread, is larger in the east Pacific than in the west Pacific. Partitioned by reanalysis intensity, the largest relative spread across reanalyses in TC precipitation is from high-intensity TCs. In comparison with satellite observations, reanalyses show lower climatological mean annual TC precipitation over most areas. A comparison of area-averaged precipitation rate in TCs composited over reanalysis intensity shows the spread across reanalyses is larger for higher intensity TCs. Testing the sensitivity of TC precipitation assignment to tracking method shows that climatological mean annual TC precipitation is systematically larger when assigned via manual tracking versus objective tracking. However, this tendency is minimized when TC precipitation is normalized by TC density. Overall, TC precipitation in reanalyses is affected by not only horizontal output resolution or any TC preprocessing, but also data assimilation and parameterization schemes. The results indicate that improvements in the representation of TCs and their precipitation in reanalyses are needed to improve overall precipitation.
Growth of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Observations and a Seasonal Convection-Permitting Simulation over Argentina
Authors: Zhang Zhixiao , Varble Adam , Feng Zhe , Hardin Joseph , Zipser Edward 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 6.5-month, convection-permitting simulation is conducted over Argentina covering the Remote Sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations and Clouds, Aerosols, and Complex Terrain Interactions (RELAMPAGO-CACTI) field campaign and is compared with observations to evaluate mesoscale convective system (MCS) growth prediction. Observed and simulated MCSs are consistently identified, tracked, and separated into growth, mature, and decay stages using top-of-the-atmosphere infrared brightness temperature and surface rainfall. Simulated MCS number, lifetime, seasonal and diurnal cycles, and various cloud-shield characteristics including growth rate are similar to those observed. However, the simulation produces smaller rainfall areas, greater proportions of heavy rainfall, and faster system propagations. Rainfall area is significantly underestimated for long-lived MCSs but not for shorter-lived MCSs, and rain rates are always overestimated. These differences result from a combination of model and satellite retrieval biases, in which simulated MCS rain rates are shifted from light to heavy, while satellite-retrieved rainfall is too frequent relative to rain gauge estimates. However, the simulation reproduces satellite-retrieved MCS cloud-shield evolution well, supporting its usage to examine environmental controls on MCS growth. MCS initiation locations are associated with removal of convective inhibition more than maximized low-level moisture convergence or instability. Rapid growth is associated with a stronger upper-level jet (ULJ) and a deeper northwestern Argentinean low that causes a stronger northerly low-level jet (LLJ), increasing heat and moisture fluxes, low-level vertical wind shear, baroclinicity, and instability. Sustained growth corresponds to similar LLJ, baroclinicity, and instability conditions but is less sensitive to the ULJ, large-scale vertical motion, or low-level shear. Growth sustenance controls MCS maximum extent more than growth rate.