bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left atrioventricular coupling index to predict incident heart failure: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Pezel T , Ambale Venkatesh B , Kato Y , De Vasconcellos H , Heckbert S , Wu C , Post W , Bluemke D , Cohen Solal A , Henry P , Lima J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

BACKGROUND
Although left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) structural and functional parameters have independent prognostic value as predictors of HF, the close physiological relationship between LA and LV suggest that the assessment of LA/LV coupling could better reflect left atrioventricular dysfunction and be a better predictor of heart failure (HF).

PURPOSE
We investigated the prognostic value of a left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI), measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), as well as change in LACI to predict incident HF in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

METHODS
In the MESA, 2,250 study participants, free of clinically recognized HF and cardiovascular disease at baseline, had LACI assessed by CMR imaging at baseline (Exam 1, 2000–2002), and ten years later (Exam 5, 2010–2012). LACI was defined as the ratio of LA to LV end-diastolic volumes. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations of LACI and average annualized change in LACI (ΔLACI) with incident HF after adjustment on traditional HF risk factors. The incremental risk prediction was calculated using C-statistic, categorical net reclassification index (NRI) and integrative discrimination index (IDI).

RESULTS
Among the 2,250 participants (mean age 59.3 ± 9.3 years and 47.6% male participants), 50 incident HF events occurred over 6.8 ± 1.3 years after the second CMR exam. After adjustment, greater LACI and ΔLACI were independently associated with HF (adjusted HR 1.44, 95% CI [1.25-1.66] and adjusted HR 1.55, 95% CI [1.30-1.85], respectively; both p &lt; 0.0001). Adjusted models for LACI showed significant improvement in model discrimination and reclassification compared to currently used HF risk score model for predicting HF incidence (C-statistic: 0.81 vs. 0.77; NRI = 0.411; IDI = 0.043). After adjustment, ΔLACI showed also significant improvement in model discrimination compared to the multivariable model with traditional HF risk factors for predicting incident HF (C-statistic: 0.82 vs. 0.77; NRI = 0.491; IDI = 0.058).

CONCLUSIONS
In a multi-ethnic population, atrioventricular coupling (LACI) and coupling change (ΔLACI) are independently associated with incident HF. Both have incremental prognostic value for predicting HF over traditional HF risk factors.
The role of peak troponin in patients with a working diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA)
Authors: Williams MGL , Liang K , De Garate E , Spagnoli L , Fiori E , Lawton CB , Biglino G , Dastidar A , Johnson TW , Bucciarelli-Ducci C 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Rosetrees Trust James Tudor Foundation

Background
6-10% of patients who present with an acute coronary syndrome have a myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Troponin T predicts infarct size and outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The value of peak troponin T in patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA is not well understood.

Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of troponin in patients with MINOCA.

Methods
Consecutive patients with a working diagnosis of MINOCA (n = 719) from a single tertiary centre who underwent comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were followed prospectively. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results
Peak troponin T ≥211 ng/L and time to CMR of ≤17 days have a positive predictive value of 94% for being able to make a diagnosis on CMR. If the scan was performed in ≤17 days the diagnostic yield was still 75% even in the lowest troponin decile, but this was 59% if performed after 17 days. Each increase in troponin decile increases the mean diagnostic yield of the CMR by 3.7% (p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI 3.4 – 3.9; R2 0.84; Figure 1). There is no overall difference in median troponin in patients who died and those who survived (229 ng/l v. 424 ng/l; p = 0.157), however mortality is significantly lower in the highest two troponin quartiles (11.9% versus 6.9%; p = 0.009, figure 2).

Conclusions
Peak troponin T and time to CMR can be used by cardiologists to determine the likelihood of making a diagnosis using CMR. A higher troponin quartile is associated with lower mortality.
Prognostic implications of peak early diastolic strain rate (PEDSR) by feature-tracking cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with st-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Wei LAI , Ge HENG , Pu JUN 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): the National Key Research and Development Program of China

OnBehalf
Renji Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University
Background：The prognostic value of Peak Early Diastolic Strain Rate (PEDSR) measured by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is not clear.
Methods：420 first-STEMI patients from the EARLY Assessment of MYOcardial Tissue Characteristics by CMR in STEMI (EARLY-MYO-CMR) registry (NCT03768453) and 40 normal people were enrolled and followed up. The patients received timely percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12h and CMR within 1 week (median,5 days; range, 2-7 days) after infarction. LV circumferential, radial, longitudinal PEDSR and other routine CMR parameters were measured. Clinical end point was a composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) including cardiovascular death, re-infarction and re-hospitalization for heart failure.
Results：During follow-up (median: 52 months, inter-quartile range: 29–78 months), 73 (17.4%) patients experienced a MACE event. Compared with normal people, STEMI patients had lower PEDSR (circumf. PEDSR 0.77 vs. 1.27%/s, P &lt; 0.001). Patients who developed MACEs also had lower PEDSR than patients who didn’t (circumf. PEDSR 0.64 vs. 0.78%/s, P &lt; 0.001). Circumf. PEDSR can significantly predict MACEs with an AUC of 0.659 (95%CI 0.587-0.731, P &lt; 0.001) which is not inferior to LVEF (0.659 vs. 0.651, P = 0.843), LVIS (0.659 vs. 0.661, P = 0.678) and LVMVO (0.659 vs. 0.666, P = 0.600). Circumf. PEDSR ≤ 0.665%/s is the independent predictive factor of MACEs in clinical (HR 2.099 [95%CI 1.273-3.461], P = 0.004) and CMR models (HR 1.795 [95%CI 1.065-3.026], P = 0.028). In Kaplan-Meier curve, patients with impaired PEDSR are more likely to experience MACEs (P &lt; 0.001). When subdivided by LVEF, PEDSR still makes a significant difference to MACEs in patients with LVEF &gt; 50.28% (P = 0.003) but not in reduced LVEF patients (P = 0.204). PEDSR is also incremental to LVEF (Continuous NRI 0.515 [95%CI 0.268-0.763], P &lt; 0.001), LVIS (Continuous NRI 0.576 [95%CI 0.330-0.822], P &lt; 0.001), and LVMVO (Continuous NRI 0.576 [95%CI 0.330-0.822], P &lt; 0.001). Finally, worse TIMI flow post-PCI (HR 3.353 [95%CI 1.603-7.016], P = 0.001) and LVEF (HR 0.920 [95%CI 0.900, 0.940], P &lt; 0.001) are the risk factors for PEDSR impairment.
Conclusions：CMR-derived PEDSR can significantly predict MACEs with the discriminative power not inferior to LVEF, LVIS and LVMVO. Circumf. PEDSR ≤ 0.665%/s is an independent predictive factor of MACEs and is incremental in the prognostic risk stratification of STEMI.
Framework for large-scale automatic curation of heterogeneous cardiac MRI (ACUR MRI)
Authors: Galazis C , Vimalesvaran K , Zaman S , Petri C , Howard J , Linton N , Peters N , Cole G , Bharath AA , Varela M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): UKRI CDT in AI for Healthcare http://ai4health.io and British Heart Foundation
Background
Data curation is an important process that structures and organises data, supporting research and the development of artificial intelligence models. However, manually curating a large volume of medical data is a time-consuming, repetitive and costly process that puts additional strain on clinical experts. The curation becomes more complex and demanding as more data sources are used. This leads to an introduction of disparity in the data structure and protocols.
Purpose
Here, we propose an automatic framework to curate large volumes of heterogenous cardiac MRI scans acquired across different sites and scanner vendors. Our framework requires minimal expert involvement throughout and works directly on DICOM images from the scanner or PACS. The resulting structured standardised data allow for straightforward image analysis, hypothesis testing and the training and application of artificial intelligence models.
Methods

It is broken down into three main components
anonymisation, cataloguing and outlier detection (see Figure 1). Anonymisation automatically removes any identifiable patient information from the DICOM image attributes. These data are replaced with anonymised labels, whilst maintaining relevant longitudinal information from each patient. DICOM attributes are also used to automatically group the different images according to imaging sequence (e.g. CINE, Delayed-Enhancement, T1 maps), acquisition geometry (e.g. short-axis, 2-chamber, 4-chamber) and imaging attributes (e.g. slice thickness, TE, TR), for easier querying. The sorting characteristics are flexible and can easily be defined by the user. Finally, we detect and flag, for subsequent manual inspection, any outliers within those groups, based on the similarity levels of chosen DICOM attributes. This framework additionally offers interactive image visualisation to allow users to assess its performance in real time.
Results
We tested the performance of ACUR CMRI on 26,668 CMR image series (723,531 images) from 858 patient examinations, which took place across two sites in four different scanners. With an average execution time per patient of 100 seconds, ACUR was able to sort imaging data with 1191 different sequence names into 43 categories. The framework can be freely downloaded from https://bitbucket.org/cmr-ai-working-group/acur/.
Conclusions
We present ACUR, an automatic framework to curate large volumes of heterogeneous cardiac MRI data. We show how it can quickly and automatically curate data, grouping it according to desired imaging characteristics defined in DICOM attributes. The proposed framework is flexible and ideally suited as a pre-processing tool for large biomedical imaging data studies.
The Effect of Adult Entertainment Establishments on Sex Crime: Evidence from New York City
Authors: Ciacci Riccardo , Sviatschi María Micaela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study how the presence of adult entertainment establishments affects the incidence of sex crimes. We build a high-frequency daily and weekly panel that combines the exact location of non-self-reported sex crimes with the day of opening and exact location of adult entertainment establishments in New York City. We find that these businesses decrease sex crime by 13% per police precinct one week after the opening, and have no effect on other types of crime. The results suggest that the reduction is mostly driven by potential sex offenders frequenting these establishments rather than committing crimes.
European Society of Cardiology Quality Indicators for the care and outcomes of cardiac pacing: developed by the Working Group for Cardiac Pacing Quality Indicators in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Aktaa Suleman , Abdin Amr , Arbelo Elena , Burri Haran , Vernooy Kevin , Blomström-Lundqvist Carina , Boriani Giuseppe , Defaye Pascal , Deharo Jean-Claude , Drossart Inga , Foldager Dan , Gold Michael R , Johansen Jens Brock , Leyva Francisco , Linde Cecilia , Michowitz Yoav , Kronborg Mads Brix , Slotwiner David , Steen Torkel , Tolosana José Maria , Tzeis Stylianos , Varma Niraj , Glikson Michael , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Gale Chris P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
To develop a suite of quality indicators (QIs) for the evaluation of the care and outcomes for adults undergoing cardiac pacing.

Methods and results
Under the auspice of the Clinical Practice Guideline Quality Indicator Committee of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), the Working Group for cardiac pacing QIs was formed. The Group comprised Task Force members of the 2021 ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines on Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, members of the European Heart Rhythm Association, international cardiac device experts, and patient representatives. We followed the ESC methodology for QI development, which involved (i) the identification of the key domains of care by constructing a conceptual framework of the management of patients receiving cardiac pacing, (ii) the development of candidate QIs by conducting a systematic review of the literature, (iii) the selection of the final set of QIs using a modified-Delphi method, and (iv) the evaluation of the feasibility of the developed QIs. Four domains of care were identified: (i) structural framework, (ii) patient assessment, (iii) pacing strategy, and (iv) clinical outcomes. In total, seven main and four secondary QIs were selected across these domains and were embedded within the 2021 ESC Guidelines on Cardiac Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization therapy.

Conclusion
By way of a standardized process, 11 QIs for cardiac pacing were developed. These indicators may be used to quantify adherence to guideline-recommended clinical practice and have the potential to improve the care and outcomes of patients receiving cardiac pacemakers.
Increasing Frequency and Transmission of HIV-1 Non-B Subtypes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Duran Ramirez Jessy J , Ballouz Tala , Nguyen Huyen , Kusejko Katharina , Chaudron Sandra E , Huber Michael , Hirsch Hans H , Perreau Matthieu , Ramette Alban , Yerly Sabine , Cavassini Matthias , Stöckle Marcel , Furrer Hansjakob , Vernazza Pietro , Bernasconi Enos , Günthard Huldrych F , Kouyos Roger D ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Aebi-Popp K , Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , A Fux C , Günthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Kahlert C R , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Kusejko K , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
In Switzerland, HIV-1 transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been dominated by subtype B, whilst non-B subtypes are commonly attributed to infections acquired abroad among heterosexuals. Here, we evaluated the temporal trends of non-B subtypes and the characteristics of molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) among MSM.

Methods
Sociodemographic and clinical data and partial pol sequences were obtained from participants enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. For non-B subtypes, maximum likelihood trees were constructed, from which Swiss MTCs were identified and analyzed by transmission group.

Results
Non-B subtypes were identified in 8.1% (416/5116) of MSM participants. CRF01_AE was the most prevalent strain (3.5%), followed by subtype A (1.2%), F (1.1%), CRF02_AG (1.1%), C (0.9%), and G (0.3%). Between 1990 and 2019, an increase in the proportion of newly diagnosed individuals (0/123 [0%] to 11/32 [34%]) with non-B subtypes in MSM was found. Across all non-B subtypes, the majority of MSM MTCs were European. Larger MTCs were observed for MSM than heterosexuals.

Conclusions
We found a substantial increase in HIV-1 non-B subtypes among MSM in Switzerland and the occurrence of large MTCs, highlighting the importance of molecular surveillance in guiding public health strategies targeting the HIV-1 epidemic.
Focusing on Young Children in Pediatric Psychology Research: Introduction to the Special Issue on Young Children
Authors: Tully Carrie , McMurtry C Meghan , Streisand Randi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This special issue focusing on pediatric psychology research in young children highlights 15 papers that focus on infants through preschoolers. Studies selected for inclusion cover a range of pediatric health conditions such as food allergy, medical trauma, injuries/traumatic brain injury, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, pain, and sleep. The inherent challenges of researching young children are described, and studies vary in their methods for assessment and intervention; multiple studies include an observational component or developmental evaluation. Six of the studies employ diverse samples of children and/or parents and demonstrate the feasibility as well as importance of increasing our understanding of factors related to health disparities. Taken together, the special issue demonstrates the high quality of research focusing on young children. As the special issue editors, we hope this collection will spark an interest in others to focus on research with young children across pediatric populations.
Lithium in red giants: the roles of the He-core flash and the luminosity bump
Authors: Deepak  , Lambert David L 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Lithium abundances for red giants in the GALAH DR3 survey are studied. The rare examples of Li-enriched stars with abundances A(Li) ≥1.5 are confirmed to be He-core burning stars belonging to or evolved from the red clump with similar masses and metallicity: M ≃ 1.1 ± 0.2 M⊙ and [Fe/H] ≃ −0.3 ± 0.3. Li enrichment over the Li abundance present in a star’s predecessor at the tip of the red giant branch likely occurs in all these red clump stars. Examination of the elemental abundances (C to Eu) in the GALAH catalogue shows no anomalous abundances in red clump giants and, in particular, no dependence on the Li abundance, which ranges over at least five dex. Lithium synthesis is attributed to the He-core flash occurring in stars at the tip of the red giant branch. Models from the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) match the observed evolution of these stars along the red giant branch and to the red clump but only at the low effective temperature end of the observed spread of red clump giants. Run of Li abundance on the red giant branch is fairly well reproduced by MESA models. A speculation is presented that the series of He-core flashes not only leads to 7Li synthesis from a star’s internal reservoir of 3He but also may lead to internal restructuring leading to the observed effective temperature spread of red clump stars at about a constant luminosity. Giants exhibiting marked Li enrichments are not found at other evolutionary phases and, in particular, not directly associated with the luminosity bump on the red giant branch for which the Li abundance increase does not exceed 0.3 dex.
Genomic Evidence for Speciation with Gene Flow in Broadcast Spawning Marine Invertebrates
Authors: Hirase Shotaro , Yamasaki Yo Y , Sekino Masashi , Nishisako Masato , Ikeda Minoru , Hara Motoyuki , Merilä Juha , Kikuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
How early stages of speciation in free-spawning marine invertebrates proceed is poorly understood. The Western Pacific abalones, Haliotis discus, H. madaka, and H. gigantea, occur in sympatry with shared breeding season and are capable of producing viable F1 hybrids in spite of being ecologically differentiated. Population genomic analyses revealed that although the three species are genetically distinct, there is evidence for historical and ongoing gene flow among these species. Evidence from demographic modeling suggests that reproductive isolation among the three species started to build in allopatry and has proceeded with gene flow, possibly driven by ecological selection. We identified 27 differentiation islands between the closely related H. discus and H. madaka characterized by high FST and dA, but not high dXY values, as well as high genetic diversity in one H. madaka population. These genomic signatures suggest differentiation driven by recent ecological divergent selection in presence of gene flow outside of the genomic islands of differentiation. The differentiation islands showed low polymorphism in H. gigantea, and both high FST, dXY, and dA values between H. discus and H. gigantea, as well as between H. madaka and H. gigantea. Collectively, the Western Pacific abalones appear to occupy the early stages speciation continuum, and the differentiation islands associated with ecological divergence among the abalones do not appear to have acted as barrier loci to gene flow in the younger divergences but appear to do so in older divergences.
Genetic testing in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease: recommendations for clinical practice
Authors: Knoers Nine , Antignac Corinne , Bergmann Carsten , Dahan Karin , Giglio Sabrina , Heidet Laurence , Lipska-Ziętkiewicz Beata S , Noris Marina , Remuzzi Giuseppe , Vargas-Poussou Rosa , Schaefer Franz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The overall diagnostic yield of massively parallel sequencing–based tests in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is 30% for paediatric cases and 6–30% for adult cases. These figures should encourage nephrologists to frequently use genetic testing as a diagnostic means for their patients. However, in reality, several barriers appear to hinder the implementation of massively parallel sequencing–based diagnostics in routine clinical practice. In this article we aim to support the nephrologist to overcome these barriers. After a detailed discussion of the general items that are important to genetic testing in nephrology, namely genetic testing modalities and their indications, clinical information needed for high-quality interpretation of genetic tests, the clinical benefit of genetic testing and genetic counselling, we describe each of these items more specifically for the different groups of genetic kidney diseases and for CKD of unknown origin.