bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus 16 lineage D is associated with high risk of cervical cancer in the Brazilian Northeast region
Authors: Martins Luís Felipe Leite , Moreira Miguel Ângelo Martins , Pinho Rodrigo Alves , Bertoni Neilane , Felix Shayany Pinto , Vidal João Paulo Castello Branco , Torres Leuridan Cavalcante , Souza Ariani Impieri , de Almeida Liz Maria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLike HPV types, different lineages also appear to have different carcinogenic capabilities. Studies have shown that oncogenic HPV specific to the genotype lineage is associated with different risks for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 / CIN3) and cervical cancer. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity of HPV 16 genotype in cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/CIN3) and cervical cancer in women from the Northeast region of Brazil.Methods and ResultsA cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted in the Northeast region of Brazil from 2014 through 2016. In the sample, there were 196 cases of HPV-16 variant (59 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - CIN2/CIN3 and 137 cases of cervical cancer). Difference of proportion test was used to compare groups of CIN2/CIN3 and cervical cancer by viral lineage (p-value <0.05) in respect to HPV-16 lineage prevalence.The percentage of lineage frequencies by histopathological diagnosis showed a borderline difference of lineage A in the CIN2/CIN3 group compared to the cervical cancer group (p = 0.053). In relation to lineage D, the proportion was higher in cancer cases (32.8%) compared to the CIN2/CIN3 group (16.9%), p-value of 0.023.ConclusionsHPV16 lineage A was the most frequent in both CIN2/CIN3 and cervical cancer samples, while lineage D predominated in cervical cancer, suggesting a possible association of HPV-16 lineage D with cervical cancer.
Validity of Trunk Acceleration Measurement With a Chest-worn Monitor for Assessment of Exercise Intensity
Authors: Mukaino Masahiko , Ogasawara Takayuki , Matsuura Hirotaka , Aoshima Yasushi , Suzuki Takuya , Yamaguchi Masumi , Nakashima Hiroshi , Saitoh Eiichi , Tsukada Shingo , Otaka Yohei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent advancements in wearable technology has enabled easy measurement of daily activities, which can be applied in rehabilitation practice for the purposes such as maintaining and increasing the activity levels of the patients. A smart clothing system is one of the newly developed wearable systems that enables the measurement of physical activity such as heart rate and/or acceleration. In this study, we aimed to examine the validity of trunk acceleration measurement using a smart clothing system (‘hitoe’ system) in assessing the physical activity, which was measured using the expiratory gas analysis. Methods: Twelve healthy individuals participated in the study. The trunk acceleration was simultaneously measured using a triaxial accelerometer embedded in a smart clothing activity monitoring system (‘hitoe’ system), and the percent VO2 reserve (%VO2R) was determined by performing expiratory gas analysis during treadmill testing. Three parameters, that is, moving average (MA), moving standard deviation (MSD), and moving root mean square (RMS), were calculated using the norm of the trunk acceleration. The relationships between these accelerometer-based parameters and %VO2R from expiratory gas analysis for each individual were examined. Results: The values of MA, MSD, RMS, and %VO2R were significantly different between levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the Bruce protocol (P<0.01). The average coefficients of determination for individual regression for %VO2R vs. MA, %VO2R vs. MSD, and %VO2R vs. RMS were 0.89±0.05, 0.96±0.03 and 0.91±0.05, respectively. The parameters based on the trunk acceleration measurements were significantly correlated with %VO2R and activity levels. Among the parameters examined, MSD showed the best correlation with %VO2R, indicating high validity of the parameter for assessing physical activity. Conclusions: The present results support the validity of the MSD calculated from the trunk acceleration measured with a smart clothing system in assessing the exercise intensity.Trial registration: UMIN000034967Registered 21 November 2018 (retrospectively registered).
Scavenging ROS Decreases Amyloid-beta Levels via Activation of PI3K/Akt/GLUT1 pathway in N2a/APP695swe Cells
Authors: Peng Yan , Zhang Li , Zhou Fanlin , Wang Yangyang , Li Shijie , Fan Jianing , Li Xiaoju , Li Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dysregulated glucose metabolism in the brain is considered to be the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal glucose metabolism in AD is associated with decreased glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3 in the brain, but the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we reported that GLUT1 expression was decreased in N2a/APP695swe cells and GLUT3 expression was not significantly changed. Flow Cytometry analysis showed a significant increase of intracellular ROS content in N2a/APP695swe cells and GLUT1 expression was upregulated after treatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC). Cellular glucose uptake and ATP levels were reduced following decreased GLUT1 expression and increased after upregulating GLUT1. Western blot analyses showed that phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt pathway decreased in N2a/APP695swe cells. Aβ levels decreased after upregulation of GLUT1 expression and increased after downregulation of GLUT1. After NAC treatment, PI3K/Akt pathway phosphorylation levels and GLUT1 expression were upregulated, glucose uptake and ATP contents were increased, and Aβ levels were decreased. After adding PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY29004, GLUT1 expression was reduced and Aβ levels were increased. Besides, the increased glucose uptake and ATP contents by the Akt activator SC79 were hindered with the GLUT1 inhibitor WZB117. Aβ levels decreased after SC79 treatment and increased after WZB117 treatment. Overall, our data suggest that ROS reduced GLUT1 expression by inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway activity resulting in impaired glucose metabolism and scavenging ROS prevents Aβ via activation of PI3K/Akt/GLUT1 pathway in N2a/APP695swe cells.
Effects of Storage Conditions on the Total Content of Anthocyanins and Degradation of Phenolic Compounds During Long Storage of Pomegranate Fruit (Punica Granatum L.)
Authors: Lashkari Elham 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Effects of storage temperature, elevated CO2 and reduced O2 in the package headspace, packaging material, and their interactions on the total content of anthocyanins and degradation of phenolic compounds in ‘Malase Torsh Saveh’ pomegranate were studied during long storage. The results showed that only storage temperature and its duration had significant effects on the degradation of phenolic compounds. The content of anthocyanins was affected by the single effect of storage time and its 3-way interaction effect with the storage temperature and the surrounding gas composition. Higher amounts of both total anthocyanins and browning pigments were recorded at 2 °C. The Browning index (BI) of the pomegranate extracts changed quadratically with the variations in the total anthocyanins content and linearly with the variations in the content of browning compounds. Thermal dipping treatment and its interaction with the storage time significantly affected the BI values of modified atmosphere packaged pomegranates stored at 6 °C.
Nonoperative Management for Peri-Appendiceal Abscesses after Percutaneous Drainage Without Interval Appendectomy
Authors: Park Chang Sung , Lee In A , Jung Yun Tae , Lee Jae Gil 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Initial non-operative management (NOM) with percutaneous drainage for peri-appendiceal abscesses has been proven to be safe and effective. However, the appropriateness of interval appendectomy after NOM is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of NOM without performing interval appendectomy.Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed for patients who were admitted with peri-appendiceal abscesses between January 2009 and December 2019. After percutaneous drainage for the abscesses, whether to undergo interval appendectomy was decided by the patients. Their clinical courses were reviewed thoroughly through their medical records. Telephone contact with these patients was made when necessary. Results: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 63.1 years (± 11.9 years). The median follow-up period was 25.7 months. The most common co-morbidities were cardiovascular disorders (eight patients) and underlying malignancies (eight patients). The mean size of the abscesses was 5.4 x 4.1 ㎝. Three patients consequently received surgery for the recurrence of appendicitis or peri-appendiceal abscesses. One patient received a right hemicolectomy, and another two received open appendectomies. Four patients (14.8%) died within the follow-up period due to underlying diseases.Conclusion: Initial NOM without interval appendectomy was a safe option in selected patients with peri-appendiceal abscess.
A Novel Model Concerning the Independence of Emissivity and Absorptivity for Enhancing the Sustainability of Radiant Cooling Technology
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Guoqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Radiant cooling technology is a sustainable technology for improving built environment. The past research only studied the performance (e.g., radiant heat flux) based on Kirchhoff’s law while the accuracy and its reasons were seldom analyzed. In order to study the mechanism deeply, a new model of radiant heat transfer is derived theoretically which considers emissivity and absorptivity independently. This model is validated by the experimental data then applied in a reference case for further analysis. The analyzing methods of sensitivity and relative deviation are performed to investigate the reasons for the errors. The results of sensitivity analysis show that it is about 20% − 40% more sensitive for the emissivity to the heat flux than the absorptivity. Furthermore, the deviation of the heat flux can reach up to 20% when the absorptivity is in the range from 0.4 to 0.9. This deviation is close to the estimated error range of 21.8% in the past studies. Therefore, the discussion based on the theoretical analysis, shows that the errors in past studies are highly due to the oversimplified preconditions for applying Kirchhoff’s law and they ignored the impact of surface absorption. Additionally, the validation in the previous experiments was highly coincidence, since they neglected the key independent tests of the absorptivity and radiant heat flux. Comprehensively, the new model is valuable to provide a more reliable solution for analyzing the radiant heat transfer and for the future design of an independent test of radiant heat flux.
Reference values for Ductus Venosus pulsatility index between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of Gestation: A Single-center Observational Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ahmadi Somayeh Haji , Adariani Alireza Rezaei , Amini Ehsan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe ductus venosus pulsatility index(DVPI) has been evolved as an important marker of the first trimester screening sonography. The aim of this study is to define a reference for ductus venosus pulsatility index at 11–13 +6 weeks of gestation.MethodsIn this cross sectional observational study, 415 women with singleton pregnancies and crown lump length(CRL) between 45 and 84 mm were included. Exclusion criteria were abnormal biochemical screening results, presence of fetal structural malformation or chromosomal abnormalities such as thickened nuchal fold, abnormal perinatal outcomes, and newborns with a chromosomal abnormality. Transabdominal U/S was performed in all participants by an expert radiologist in obstetric sonography. CRL, nuchal translucency(NT), and blood flow indices of ductus venosus (DV) in each fetus were measured. The collected data were analyzed by IBM SPSS software version 20. Linear regression was performed to demonstrate the association between CRL DVPI. Further, 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of DV blood flow indices were calculated for each gestational age.ResultThe mean value of DVPI ranged from 1.05 at CRL 42mm to 1.3 at CRL 82mm. DVPI and CRL did not show any significant linear association (Regression coefficient B=0.001, R2=0.003, P=0.31)Conclusion: We defined means and ranges of DVPI, while determining the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of DVPI for each CRL at our institution which were approximately similar to previous studies.
Multidimensional Rural Poverty In Burji And Konso Area, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mare Yohannes , Gecho YishaK , Mada Melkamu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ethiopia is among the poorest countries in the world and the level of poverty is more challenging in rural areas compared to urban. Currently, there are great tendencies over the world to measure poverty using Alkire and Fosters' MPI approach among different approaches of poverty assessment. This study aimed at assessing multidimensional rural poverty status household's poverty in Burji and Konso area in Southern Ethiopia. To address this objective, 368 households were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Interview schedule, focused group discussion, key informant interview, and observation methods were implemented to collect primary data. Alkire & Foster Methodology with modified four dimensions and 14 indicators used to analyze multidimensional rural poverty. The study reveals as the highest three deprivations 97.8% of cooking fuel, 92.6% of the floor, and 76.1% of drinking water. The multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) of the study area was 0.419 with 76.6% of incidence and 54.7% the intensity of multidimensional rural poverty. The highest (15%) contributor to MPI was deprivation in school attendants and the highest (34%) deprivation dimension was in living Standard out of four dimensions.
Hyperactivation of the proteasome core particle in Caenorhabditis elegans protects against proteotoxic stress and extends lifespan
Authors: Anderson Raymond , Bradley Thomas , Smith David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Many age-related diseases (ARDs) including virtually all neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the accumulation of proteins that are thought to significantly contribute to disease pathogenesis. One of the cell’s primary systems for the degradation of misfolded/damaged proteins is the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS), and its impairment is implicated in essentially all NDs. Thus, upregulating this system to combat NDs has garnered a great deal of interest in recent years. Various animal models have focused on increasing the total proteasome levels, but thus far, none have focused on intrinsic activation of the proteasome itself. With this in mind, we constructed a, first to our knowledge, animal model that endogenously expresses a hyperactive open-gate proteasome in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The gate-destabilizing mutation introduced into the nematode germline created a viable nematode population with substantially enhanced proteasomal peptidase and unstructured protein degradation activity. These CRISPR edited nematodes showed a significantly increased lifespan and substantial resistance to oxidative/proteotoxic stress with surprisingly mild consequential phenotypes. These results show that introducing a constitutively active proteasome into a multicellular organism is feasible and suggests targeting the proteasome gating mechanism as a valid approach for future ARD research efforts in mammals.
Hydrologic modeling by means of a hybrid downscaling approach: an application to the Sai Gon–Dong Nai Rivers Basin
Authors: Trinh T. , Nguyen V. T. , Do N. , Carr K. , Tran D. H. , Thang N. V. , Dang T. H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The spatial and temporal availability and reliability of hydrological data are substantial contributions to the accuracy of watershed modeling; unfortunately, such data requirements are challenging and perhaps impossible in many regions of the world. In this study, hydrological conditions are simulated using the hydrologic model-WEHY, whose data input are obtained from a hybrid downscaling technique to provide reliable and high temporal and spatial resolution hydrological data. The hybrid downscaling technique is coupled to a hydroclimate and machine learning models; wherein the global atmospheric reanalysis data, including ERA-Interim, ERA-20C, and CFSR are used for initial and boundary conditions of dynamical downscaling utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The machine learning model (ANN) then follows to further downscale the WRF outputs to a finer resolution over the studied watershed. An application of the combination of mentioned techniques is applied to the third-largest river basin in Vietnam, the Sai Gon–Dong Nai Rivers Basin. The validation of hybrid model is in the ‘satisfactory’ range. After the estimation of geomorphology and land cover within the watershed, WEHY's calibration and validation are performed based on observed rainfall data. The simulation results matched well with flow observation data with respect to magnitude for both the rising and recession time segments. In comparison, among the three selected reanalysis data sets, the best calibration and validation results were obtained from the CFSR data set. These results are closer to the observation data than those using only the dynamic downscaling technique in combination with the WEHY model.
Indazole Derivatives Effective against Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Saha Supriyo , Pal Dilipkumar , Nimse Satish Balasaheb 
Published: December 2021

Background:
In this fast-growing lifestyle, humans are in the race against time to cope up with busy schedule. Less exercise, consumption of high calorie-low fiber food and stress take us one step closer towards digestive dysfunction. Dysfunctional digestive system causes various gas-trointestinal disorders like constipation, IBS, UC, diarrhea, gastrointestinal tract immobility, hyper-glycemia, hemorrhoids, fistula, anal fissures, stomach cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer and metabolic syndrome. Amongst various natural and synthetic indazole de-rivatives nigellicine, nigellamine, nigellidine, zanubrutinib and SCH772984 showed prominent re-sults to cure various gastrointestinal disorders.

Objective:
In this manuscript, we focus on the importance of indazole derivatives in the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases.

Results and Conclusion:
In the treatment of IBS, four positions (R1, R2, R3 and R4) of indazole were mainly substituted with aromatic aldehyde/substituted methyl, aromatic acid/formamide, ben-zamide/sulfonamide and methyl groups, respectively. In case of diarrhea and metabolic syndrome treatment, substitutions with benzyl/isopropyl/acetaldehyde (R1 position) and carboxamide/ formamide (R2 position) of indazole play a critical role. Also, in the treatment of diabetes melitus, all six positions of indazole derivative were substituted with substituted aryl/alkyl/aromatic acid, substituted formamide, substituted acetamide/hydrazide group, halo aryl, substituted aryl/aromatic acid and a long chain of alkyl-aryl alcohol groups, respectively. In the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, all six positions of indazole derivative were substituted with benzylamide (R1), octanedia-mide/benzamide/formamide (R2), carbaldehyde (R4) and substituted phenyl (R5 and R6) groups, re-spectively. Six receptors (6NP0, 2YME, 4EFU, 4WZ8, 5U4W and 7KKP) associated with GI dis-orders (co-crystallized with indazole derivative) were identified. Analysis of the receptors showed that co-crystalized ligand molecules were well-interacted with receptors via pie-pie interaction, co-ordinate and sigma bonding within 4 Å distance. As per Ramachandran plot analysis, more than 90% of the amino acid residues were present in the most favored region. So, if sufficient focuses are imposed on the development of newer indazole derivatives to treat gastrointestinal diseases, it will work as a boon to society.
Impact of racial differences on the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Quah Jing Xian , Dharmaprani Dhani , Tiver Kathryn , McGavigan Andrew D. , Ganesan Anand N. 
Published: December 2021

:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The overall AF burden is expected to rise over the next decade, and this will have significant implications on the healthcare cost. Current literature on the pathophysiology, epidemiology and management of patients with AF have focused mainly on predominantly Caucasian/white population while published studies in non-white populations have been mainly observational or retrospective in nature. Hence, the implications of AF in terms of management and complications in the non-white population have not been fully appreciated. In this review, we summarized based on the available literature, the racial differences in the prevalence, management and outcomes of patients with AF comparing the white vs non-white population.
Solitary Fibrous Tumors Arising from Bilateral Ovaries: A Case Report
and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tian Tongtong , Ye Jing , Sun Jun 
Published: December 2021

Background:
A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a distinct mesenchymal neoplasm. It
was originally described as a tumor localized to the pleura but was later reported in several other
anatomic sites and exhibited a wide spectrum of histological features. Owing to its rarity, the diagnosis
of extrapleural SFT is challenging and requires an integrated approach comprising specific
clinical, imaging, histological, and immunohistochemical findings.

Case Presentation:
Herein, we report the imaging findings of a rare case of SFT arising from bilateral
ovaries confirmed by surgical excision and histological examination. No adjuvant radiotherapy
or chemotherapy was given to the patient, and she was disease-free with no evidence of recurrence
or metastasis at the 96-month postoperative follow-up. Although it mostly follows a favorable
course, SFT is notoriously difficult for prognostication because of its propensity for late relapse or
even metastases in 10-39% of cases.

Conclusion:
Close follow-up is recommended because of the limited information on its long-term
behavior.
The Management of Fiat Money or Gold Standard in the Financial System
Authors: Rifqi Lathif Lanafir , Nihayah Ana Zahrotun 
Published: December 2021

In recent years, several prominent figures in Islamic Economics have called for a reform of the financial system from the concept of fiat money to return to the gold standard system (dinar dirham).Â The main reason for financial system reform is the perspective that fiat money is considered not resistant to inflation.Â However, the gold standard system is considered to have various weaknesses namely;Â physical size is relatively heavy, is not proven to be anti-inflation based on historical records, high production costs, inefficient utilization of production resources, only benefits certain groups, and is vulnerable to payment deficits.Â In theory, the problem of inflation is caused by the imbalance between supply and demand for money itself. If the money supply is greater than the demand, it will cause inflation.Â Conversely, if the money supply is less than the demand, then the economic activity will not be smooth.Â Therefore, this article believes that inflation is not due to the physical form of money (paper or goldÂ ), butÂ is caused by effective money supply and demand management.Â Therefore, government policies are needed including (a) deregulation of the banking system by nationalizing all banks, (b) playing an active role in intervening in the surge in prices of goods and services (c) promotingÂ ZiswafÂ institutions.