bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of stroke in cancer survivors using a propensity score-matched cohort analysis
Authors: Saito Eiko , Inoue Manami , Sawada Norie , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Iso Hiroyasu , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   JPHC Study Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the risk of cerebrovascular disease in cancer survivors. We aimed to assess the association between incident cancer and the subsequent risk of stroke using a large-scale, population-based prospective study. 74,530 Japanese aged between 40 and 69 years at baseline study were matched by the status of cancer diagnosis during follow-up using propensity score nearest-neighbor matching with allowance for replacement. A total of 2242 strokes were reported during 557,885 person-years of follow-up. Associations between incident cancer and the subsequent risk of all strokes, cerebral infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model stratified on the propensity score-matched pairs. No significant association was observed between the status of cancer diagnosis of all types, gastric, colorectal and lung cancer, and subsequent occurrence of all strokes, cerebral infarction, and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, analysis by discrete time periods suggested an elevated risk in cancer patients for one to three months after a cancer diagnosis in all stroke (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.06, 4.74) and cerebral infarction (HR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.05, 6.53). This prospective cohort study found no association between the status of cancer diagnosis and the subsequent occurrence of all strokes and its subtypes during the entire follow-up period but suggested an increase in stroke risk during the active phase of malignancy.
Organophosphate poisoning of Hyacinth Macaws in the Southern Pantanal, Brazil
Authors: Vicente Eliane C. , Guedes Neiva M. R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe populations of hyacinth macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), an emblematic species, have suffered declines due to many environmental factors. The Hyacinth Macaw Institute’s actions are showing positive outcomes for the conservation of A. hyacinthinus. However, environmental issues, such as fires and deforestation due to inefficient and unsustainable cattle ranching practices, are a threat to the biodiversity. Another major threat is the reckless use of pesticides. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the findings, in the Pantanal, of three dead hyacinth macaws and to investigate their cause of death and conservation implications. A necropsy was conducted on two individuals and biological samples were collected and sent to conduct toxicological exams to test for organophosphates, organochlorines, and carbomates. Compatible with other findings, results showed a highly dangerous level of organophosphate, 158.44 ppb. We describe for the first time, a rare, isolated but unusual mortality event associated with organophosphate pesticide poisoning of hyacinth macaws. Mortality reports for bees and other bird species on how the improper use of pesticides can potentially cause the contamination of food and water resources are discussed. These factors are antagonistic to long-term efforts to preserve wildlife and carry out other conservation efforts in Brazil’s southern Pantanal.
Association between coffee and green tea intake and pneumonia among the Japanese elderly: a case-control study
Authors: Kondo Kyoko , Suzuki Kanzo , Washio Masakazu , Ohfuji Satoko , Adachi Satoru , Kan Sakae , Imai Seiichiro , Yoshimura Kunihiko , Miyashita Naoyuki , Fujisawa Nobumitsu , Maeda Akiko , Fukushima Wakaba , Hirota Yoshio ,   The Pneumonia in Elderly People Study Group, Suzuki Kanzo , Washio Masakazu , Kondo Kyoko , Ohfuji Satoko , Maeda Akiko , Fukushima Wakaba , Hirota Yoshio , Adachi Satoru , Kan Sakae , Imai Seiichiro , Yoshimura Kunihiko , Miyashita Naoyuki , Fujisawa Nobumitsu , Kojimahara Noriko , Ota Chiharu , Usami Ikuji , Kato Munehiro , Yamamoto Toshinobu , Yamamoto Kazuhide , Nakanishi Yoichi , Kitazono Takanari , Matsumoto Takafumi , Tashiro Hideki , Taketomi Masahiko , Iwanaga Tomoaki , Nogami Hiroko , Takano Koichi , Tonegawa Ken , Hayashi Yoshimitsu , Ikeda Ikuo , Sugiyama Shigeki , Aoshima Masahiro , Nakashima Kei , Nakamori Yoshitaka , Seida Yasushi , Kichikawa Yoshiko , Nakamura Atsushi , Iwashima Yasuhito , Kojima Yasuhiro , Yamada Yasuo , Kawamura Hidekazu , Niwa Toshiaki , Kawai Atsuro , Ito Yuuji , Aoyama Emi , Kusada Noriko , Sumida Chizuko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA large prospective cohort study in the United States examined the association between coffee intake and overall and cause-specific mortality and showed a inverse association between pneumonia and influenza deaths and coffee intake. In Japan, the mortality rate of pneumonia in elderly people is high, and its prevention is an important issue. The present study investigated the association between coffee and green tea intake and pneumonia among the elderly. The design was a hospital-based case control study. The cases were patients over 65 years old newly diagnosed as pneumonia. As a control, patients with the same sex and age (range of 5 years) who visited the same medical institution around the same time (within 2 months after examination of the case) for a disease other than pneumonia were selected. There were two controls per case. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for pneumonia of coffee and green tea intake during the past month were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model. A total of 199 cases and 374 controls were enrolled. When compared to those who do not drink coffee, the OR for pneumonia of those who drink less than one cup of coffee per day was 0.69 (95% CI 0.39–1.21), OR of those who drink one cup was 0.67 (0.38–1.18), and OR of those who drink two or more cups was 0.50 (0.28–0.88) (Trend p = 0.024). No association was found between pneumonia and green tea consumption. This study suggested a preventive association between coffee intake over 2 cups per day and pneumonia in the elderly.
Challenges in nanofabrication for efficient optical metasurfaces
Authors: Patoux Adelin , Agez Gonzague , Girard Christian , Paillard Vincent , Wiecha Peter R. , Lecestre Aurélie , Carcenac Franck , Larrieu Guilhem , Arbouet Arnaud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOptical metasurfaces have raised immense expectations as cheaper and lighter alternatives to bulk optical components. In recent years, novel components combining multiple optical functions have been proposed pushing further the level of requirement on the manufacturing precision of these objects. In this work, we study in details the influence of the most common fabrication errors on the optical response of a metasurface and quantitatively assess the tolerance to fabrication errors based on extensive numerical simulations. We illustrate these results with the design, fabrication and characterization of a silicon nanoresonator-based metasurface that operates as a beam deflector in the near-infrared range.
A new wearable multichannel magnetocardiogram system with a SERF atomic magnetometer array
Authors: Yang Yanfei , Xu Mingzhu , Liang Aimin , Yin Yan , Ma Xin , Gao Yang , Ning Xiaolin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, a wearable multichannel human magnetocardiogram (MCG) system based on a spin exchange relaxation-free regime (SERF) magnetometer array is developed. The MCG system consists of a magnetically shielded device, a wearable SERF magnetometer array, and a computer for data acquisition and processing. Multichannel MCG signals from a healthy human are successfully recorded simultaneously. Independent component analysis (ICA) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are used to denoise MCG data. MCG imaging is realized to visualize the magnetic and current distribution around the heart. The validity of the MCG signals detected by the system is verified by electrocardiogram (ECG) signals obtained at the same position, and similar features and intervals of cardiac signal waveform appear on both MCG and ECG. Experiments show that our wearable MCG system is reliable for detecting MCG signals and can provide cardiac electromagnetic activity imaging.
Accuracy and precision of the spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) for predicting vertebral compression fractures after radiotherapy in spinal metastases: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Young Rak , Lee Chang-Hyun , Yang Seung Heon , Hyun Seung-Jae , Kim Chi Heon , Park Sung Bae , Kim Ki-Jeong , Chung Chun Kee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRadiotherapy has played an important role in the treatment of spinal metastases. One of the major complications of radiotherapy is vertebral compression fracture (VCF). Although the spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) was developed for evaluating spinal instability in patients with spinal metastases, it is also commonly used to predict VCF after radiotherapy in patients with spinal metastases. However, its accuracy for predicting radiotherapy-induced VCF and precision remain controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify the diagnostic value of the SINS to predict radiotherapy-induced VCF and to make recommendations for improving its diagnostic power. We searched core databases and identified 246 studies. Fourteen studies were analyzed, including 7 studies (with 1269 segments) for accuracy and 7 studies (with 280 patients) for precision. For accuracy, the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.776. When a SINS cut-off value of 7 was used, as was done in the included studies, the pooled sensitivity was 0.790 and the pooled specificity was 0.546. For precision, the summary estimate of interobserver agreement was the highest dividing 2 categories based on a cut-off value of 7, and the value was 0.788. The body collapse showed moderate relationship and precision with the VCF. The lytic tumor of bone lesion showed high accuracy and fair reliability, while location had excellent reliability, but low accuracy. The SINS system can be used to predict the occurrence of VCF after radiotherapy in spinal metastases with moderate accuracy and substantial reliability. Increasing the cut-off value and revising the domains may improve the diagnostic performance to predict the VCF of the SINS.
Effect of load sequence interaction on bond-wire lifetime due to power cycling
Authors: Khatir Zoubir , Tran Son-Ha , Ibrahim Ali , Lallemand Richard , Degrenne Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExperimental investigations on the effects of load sequence on degradations of bond-wire contacts of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors power modules are reported in this paper. Both the junction temperature swing ($$\Delta T_{j}$$

Δ

T
j

) and the heating duration ($$t_{ON}$$

t

ON

) are investigated. First, power cycling tests with single conditions (in $$\Delta T_{j}$$

Δ

T
j

and $$t_{ON}$$

t

ON

), are performed in order to serve as test references. Then, combined power cycling tests with two-level stress conditions have been done sequentially. These tests are carried-out in the two sequences: low stress/high stress (LH) and high stress/low stress (HL) for both $$\Delta T_{j}$$

Δ

T
j

and $$t_{ON}$$

t

ON

. The tests conducted show that a sequencing in $$\Delta T_{j}$$

Δ

T
j

regardless of the direction “high-low” or “low–high” leads to an acceleration of degradations and so, to shorter lifetimes. This is more pronounced when the difference between the stress levels is large. With regard to the heating duration ($$t_{ON}$$

t

ON

), the effect seems insignificant. However, it is necessary to confirm the effect of this last parameter by additional tests.
Protein network analyses of pulmonary endothelial cells in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Nukala Sarath Babu , Tura-Ceide Olga , Aldini Giancarlo , Smolders Valérie F. E. D. , Blanco Isabel , Peinado Victor I. , Castellà Manuel , Barberà Joan Albert , Altomare Alessandra , Baron Giovanna , Carini Marina , Cascante Marta , D’Amato Alfonsina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a vascular disease characterized by the presence of organized thromboembolic material in pulmonary arteries leading to increased vascular resistance, heart failure and death. Dysfunction of endothelial cells is involved in CTEPH. The present study describes for the first time the molecular processes underlying endothelial dysfunction in the development of the CTEPH. The advanced analytical approach and the protein network analyses of patient derived CTEPH endothelial cells allowed the quantitation of 3258 proteins. The 673 differentially regulated proteins were associated with functional and disease protein network modules. The protein network analyses resulted in the characterization of dysregulated pathways associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, sirtuin signaling, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and fatty acid metabolism related pathways. In addition, the quantification of advanced oxidation protein products, total protein carbonyl content, and intracellular reactive oxygen species resulted increased attesting the dysregulation of oxidative stress response. In conclusion this is the first quantitative study to highlight the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in CTEPH using patient samples and by network medicine approach.
Effectiveness of Nutrition and WASH/malaria educational community-based interventions in reducing anemia in children from Angola
Authors: Fançony Cláudia , Soares Ânia , Lavinha João , Barros Henrique , Brito Miguel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe found no published data in Angola regarding the effect of combining nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive approaches in the reduction of anemia in preschool children. Thus, we implemented a cluster-randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of two educational-plus-therapeutic interventions, in Nutrition and WASH/Malaria, in reducing anemia. We compared them to (1) a test-and-treat intervention and (2) with each other. A block randomization was performed to allocate 6 isolated hamlets to 3 study arms. A difference-in-difference technique, using Fit Generalized estimating models, was used to determine differences between the children successfully followed in all groups, between 2015 and 2016. We found no significant differences in anemia´s and hemoglobin variability between educational and the control group. However, the WASH/Malaria group had 22.8% higher prevalence of anemia when compared with the Nutrition group, having also higher prevalence of P. falciparum. Thus, our results suggest that adding a 12-month educational Nutrition or a WASH/Malaria component to a test-and-treat approach may have a limited effect in controlling anemia. Possibly, the intensity and duration of the educational interventions were not sufficient to observe the amount of behavior change needed to stop transmission and improve the general child feeding practices.
Nanoscopic live electrooptic imaging
Authors: Tsuchiya Masahiro , Takata Shigeru , Ohsone Kazuhiro , Fukui Shinji , Yorinaga Muneo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA door to the nanoscopic domain is opened regarding real-time visualization of electric field distributions and dynamics. Through the use of a live electrooptic imaging system with an oil-immersion objective lens and a highly thinned electrooptic sensor film, a minimum linewidth of 330 nm and a minimum peak splitting of 650 nm in real-time electric field video images have been successfully demonstrated. In addition, room to improve the resolution is noted, while a few problems that need to be solved are discussed, including an effect caused by optical interference.
A Chinese multicenter retrospective study of isolated increased nuchal translucency associated chromosome anomaly and prenatal diagnostic suggestions
Authors: Jin Hua , Wang Juan , Zhang Guoying , Jiao Hongyan , Zhu Jiansheng , Li Zhimin , Chen Chen , Zhang XuanPing , Huang Huan , Wang JiaYin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractExtensive researches involving fetuses with multiple ultrasound anomalies have been conducted over the years, but only few were focused on the isolated increased nuchal translucency (NT). On top of that, these limited number of researches were all designed as single-arm studies and the control group was missing. In this study, we conducted a multicenter, retrospective study using amniotic fluid samples collected from 1197 pregnant women having fetuses with isolated increased NT (INT group) or normal NT values (NNT group). Copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) was performed to determine their chromosome status and pathogenic variations were validated using SNP array. Overall, 59 chromosome aneuploidies, 34 pathogenic CNVs and 23 copy number variants of unknown significance (VOUS CNVs) were discovered. the INT group had a significantly higher proportion of aneuploidy (19.44%) and pathogenic CNV (8.33%) than the control group (3.49% and 2.30% respectively), and 88.89% of the pathogenic CNVs were related to heart defects. Additionally, more male fetuses were presented in the INT group (68.51%), but they did not have a higher risk (Relative Risk = 1.03) of carrying pathogenic chromosome variations than female fetuses. Our results demonstrated that fetuses with isolated increased NT had a distinct pattern of chromosome abnormality and majority of detected pathogenic CNVs could be linked to the congenital heart disease. Furthermore, because a considerable proportion of pathogenic CNVs were detected, we strongly recommend to perform a joint test of karyotyping and CNV analysis in prenatal diagnosis for fetuses with isolated increased NT in order to decrease the incident of missed diagnosis.
Examination of the association of steroids with fluid accumulation in critically ill patients, considering the possibility of biases
Authors: Frenkel Amit , Abuhasira Ran , Bichovsky Yoav , Bukhin Anton , Novack Victor , Brotfain Evgeni , Zlotnik Alexander , Klein Moti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids might have significant influence on positive fluid balance, mostly due to their mineralocorticoid effect. We assessed the association between glucocorticoid therapy and fluid balance in septic patients, in the intensive care unit (ICU). We considered two definitions of exposure: daily exposure to glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid treatment at any time. Of 945 patients, 375 were treated with glucocorticoids in the ICU. We applied four regression models. In the first, fluid balance did not differ during days with and without glucocorticoid treatment, among patients treated and not treated with glucocorticoids in the ICU. In our second model, daily fluid balance was increased in patients who were ever treated with glucocorticoids during their ICU stay compared to untreated patients. In the third model, which included only patients treated with glucocorticoids during their ICU stay, glucocorticoid treatment days were not associated with daily fluid balance. In the last model, on "steroid-free days", patients who received glucocorticoid treatment during their ICU stay had a positive fluid balance compared to those who were never treated with steroids. Despite their known mineralocorticoid activity, glucocorticoids themselves appear not to contribute substantially to fluid retention. This work highlights the importance of precise selection of variables to mitigate biases.
Groundwater recharge potential zonation using an ensemble of machine learning and bivariate statistical models
Authors: Jaafarzadeh Maryam Sadat , Tahmasebipour Naser , Haghizadeh Ali , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Rouhani Hamed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany regions in Iran are currently experience water crisis, largely driven by frequent droughts and expanding agricultural land combined with over abstraction of groundwater. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify potential groundwater recharge (GWR) zones to help in prevent water scarcity. The key objective of this research is to applying different scenarios for GWR potential mapping by means of a classifier ensemble approach, namely a combination of Maximum Entropy (ME) and Frequency Ratio (FR) models in a semi-arid mountainous, Marboreh Watershed of Iran. To consider the ensemble effect of these models, 15 input layers were generated and used in two models and then the models were combined in seven scenarios. According to marginal response curves (MRCs) and the Jackknife technique, quaternary formations (Qft1 and Qft2) of lithology, sandy-clay-loam (Sa. Cl. L) class of soil, 0–4% class of slope, and agriculture & rangeland classes of land use, offered the highest percolation potential. Results of the FR model showed that the highest weight belonged to Qft1 rocks and Sa. Cl. L textures. Seven scenarios were used for GWR potential maps by different ensembles based on basic mathematical operations. Correctly Classified Instances (CCI), and the AUC indices were applied to validate model predictions. The validation indices showed that scenarios 5 had the best performance. The combination of models by different ensemble scenarios enhances the efficiency of these models. This study serves as a basis for future investigations and provides useful information for prediction of sites with groundwater recharge potential through combination of state-of-the-art statistical and machine learning models. The proposed ensemble model reduced the machine learning and statistical models’ limitations gaps and promoted the accuracy of the model where combining, especially for data-scarce areas. The results of present study can be used for the GWR potential mapping, land use planning, and groundwater development plans.
The emerging clinical role of wearables: factors for successful implementation in healthcare
Authors: Smuck Matthew , Odonkor Charles A. , Wilt Jonathan K. , Schmidt Nicolas , Swiernik Michael A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWearable technologies promise to redefine assessment of health behaviors, yet their clinical implementation remains a challenge. To address this gap, two of the NIH’s Big Data to Knowledge Centers of Excellence organized a workshop on potential clinical applications of wearables. A workgroup comprised of 14 stakeholders from diverse backgrounds (hospital administration, clinical medicine, academia, insurance, and the commercial device industry) discussed two successful digital health interventions that involve wearables to identify common features responsible for their success. Seven features were identified including: a clearly defined problem, integration into a system of healthcare delivery, technology support, personalized experience, focus on end-user experience, alignment with reimbursement models, and inclusion of clinician champions. Health providers and systems keen to establish new models of care inclusive of wearables may consider these features during program design. A better understanding of these features is necessary to guide future clinical applications of wearable technology.