bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing planar solid oxide cell degradation mechanisms: A critical review of selected components
Authors: McPhail Stephen J. , Frangini Stefano , Laurencin Jérôme , Effori Elisa , Abaza Amira , Padinjarethil Aiswarya Krishnakumar , Hagen Anke , Léon Aline , Brisse Annabelle , Vladikova Daria , Burdin Blagoy , Bianchi Fiammetta Rita , Bosio Barbara , Piccardo Paolo , Spotorno Roberto , Uchida Hiroyuki , Polverino Pierpaolo , Adinolfi Ennio Andrea , Postiglione Fabio , Lee Jong‐Ho , Moussaoui Hamza , Van herle Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this review paper, a critical assessment of the main degradation processes in three key components of solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysers (negative and positive electrodes and the interconnect) is undertaken, attempting prioritization of respective degradation effects and recommendation of the best approaches in their experimental ascertainment and numerical modeling. Besides different approaches to quantifying the degradation rate of an operating solid oxide cell (SOC), the latest advancements in microstructural representation (3D imaging and reconstruction) of SOC electrodes are reviewed, applied to the quantification of triple‐phase boundary (TPB) lengths and morphology evolution over time. The intrinsic degradation processes in the negative (fuel) electrode and the positive (oxygen) electrode are discussed, covering first the composition and governing mechanisms of the respective electrodes, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of the most important factors of degradation during operation. By this systematic identification of dominant degradation processes, measurement techniques, and modeling approaches, the foundations are laid for the definition of meaningful accelerated stress testing of SOC cells and stacks, which will help the technology achieve the constantly more demanding durability targets in market applications.
Defect identification of wind turbine blade based on multi‐feature fusion residual network and transfer learning
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Wen Chuanbo , Liu Jihui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a key part of the wind turbines (WTs), the blade has a direct influence on the efficiency of WT. Because the defect detection technology of WT blade is not widely used, and the robustness of traditional detection methods is poor, this paper proposes a multi‐feature fusion residual network combined with transfer learning. In this paper, the WT blade image dataset is enhanced and constructed to train the convolutional network. Two residual structures of multi‐feature fusion (two feature fusion and three feature fusion) are proposed and compared. At the same time, transfer learning is used to improve training process and accelerate convergence. Compared with several convolutional neural networks based on indices include training loss and testing accuracy, f1‐score and confusion matrix, the method proposed greatly reduces the time while achieving accurate detection.
Astrocytes as essential time‐keepers of the central pacemaker
Authors: Astiz Mariana , Delgado‐García Lina Maria , López‐Mascaraque Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince the early observations made by Santiago Ramon y Cajal more than a century ago till now, astrocytes have gradually gained protagonism as essential partners of neurons in building brain circuits that regulate complex behavior. In mammals, processes such as sleep–wake cycle, locomotor activity, cognition and memory consolidation, homeostatic and hedonic appetite and stress response (among others), are synchronized in 24‐h rhythms by the circadian system. In such a way, physiology efficiently anticipates and adapts to daily recurring changes in the environment. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered the central pacemaker, it has been traditionally described as a nucleus of around 10,000 neurons nearly all GABAergic able to be entrained by light and to convey time information through multiple neuronal and hormonal pathways. Only recently, this neuro‐centered view was challenged by breakthrough discoveries implicating astrocytes as essential time‐keepers. In the present review, we will describe the current view on the SCN circuit and discuss whether astrocytic functions described in other brain regions and state‐of‐the‐art experimental approaches, could help explaining better those well‐ and not so well‐known features of the central pacemaker.
Increased functional connectivity between presupplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus associated with the ability of motor response inhibition in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Tomiyama Hirofumi , Murayama Keitaro , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Tomita Mayumi , Hasuzawa Suguru , Mizobe Taro , Kato Kenta , Ohno Aikana , Tsuruta Sae , Togao Osamu , Hiwatashi Akio , Nakao Tomohiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that presupplementary motor area (pre‐SMA) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) play an important role in response inhibition. However, no study has investigated the relationship between these brain networks at resting‐state and response inhibition in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). We performed resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and then measured the response inhibition of 41 medication‐free OCD patients and 49 healthy control (HC) participants by using the stop‐signal task outside the scanner. We explored the differences between OCD and HC groups in the functional connectivity of pre‐SMA and IFG associated with the ability of motor response inhibition. OCD patients showed a longer stop‐signal reaction time (SSRT). Compared to HC, OCD patients exhibit different associations between the ability of motor response inhibition and the functional connectivity between pre‐SMA and IFG, inferior parietal lobule, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and anterior prefrontal cortex. Additional analysis to investigate the functional connectivity difference from the seed ROIs to the whole brain voxels revealed that, compared to HC, OCD exhibited greater functional connectivity between pre‐SMA and IFG. Also, this functional connectivity was positively correlated with the SSRT score. These results provide additional insight into the characteristics of the resting‐state functional connectivity of the regions belonging to the cortico‐striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuit and the cingulo‐opercular salience network, underlying the impaired motor response inhibition of OCD. In particular, we emphasize the importance of altered functional connectivity between pre‐SMA and IFG for the pathophysiology of motor response inhibition in OCD.
The role of complement in the clinical course of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qian Xinye , Yang Zhoujing , Gao Lu , Liu Yipiao , Yan Jun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe complement system, an innate immune system, may either play an antitumor role, or promote tumorigenesis and cancer progression in different kinds of cancer. The function of complement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear.MethodsThe gene expressions of the complement system were based on data obtained from TCGA and GEO. We explored gene expressions, mutation, enrichment analysis, clinicopathology, patients' outcome, and immune infiltration via Gepia2, cBioPortal, Metascape, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, and TIMER 2.ResultsFive complement genes, including C1R, C6, C7, CFP, and CFHR3, were not only found to be significantly downregulated in HCC samples compared with normal liver samples, but also found to be significantly associated with overall survival, disease‐free survival, and progress‐free survival in HCC patients. In addition, lower mRNA expression of C1R, C6, C7, and CFHR3 were found correlated with advanced cancer stages and higher tumor grades in HCC patients. Also, the expression levels of CFP were correlated with many sets of immune markers of tumor immune cells, such as those of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, M2 macrophages, neutrophils, DCs, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, and T cell exhaustion in HCC. Based on that, we developed a prognostic model for HCC patients—Riskscore = (−0.0053)*C6+(−0.0498)*C7+(−0.1045)*CFHR3.ConclusionC1R, C6, C7, CFP, and CFHR3 could be prognostic biomarkers for patients with HCC.
“Ideal” parathyroid hormone in erythropoietin‐stimulating agents‐resistant anemia
Authors: Ashraf Bilal , Bat Taha , Weinberg Olga K. , Moe Orson W. , Ibrahim Ibrahim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractErythropoietin‐stimulating agents (ESAs) have revolutionized anemia treatment in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), but ESA resistance is increasingly identified. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is one cause of ESA resistance. We describe a patient with ESA‐resistant, transfusion‐dependent anemia and mild SHP with remodeling and reticulin fibrosis on bone marrow biopsy, all of which resolved with stricter SHP management. We identified 64 patients with anemia, ESRD, and bone marrow biopsy. The parathyroid hormone (PTH) range for bony remodeling was 183–16,161.9 pg/ml versus 90.8–3283 pg/ml. The PTH range for fibrotic changes was 183–2487 pg/ml versus 90.8–16,161.9 pg/ml. We found no clear PTH range predictive for bone marrow changes.
Characterization of persistent atrial fibrillation with non‐contact charge density mapping and relationship to voltage
Authors: Lee Justin M. S. , Nelson Thomas A. , Clayton Richard H. , Kelland Nicholas F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite studies using localized high density contact mapping and lower resolution panoramic approaches, the mechanisms that sustain human persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unresolved. Voltage mapping is commonly employed as a surrogate of atrial substrate to guide ablation procedures.ObjectiveTo study the distribution and temporal stability of activation during persistent AF using a global non‐contact charge density approach and compare the findings with bipolar contact mapping.MethodsPatients undergoing either redo or de novo ablation for persistent AF underwent charge density and voltage mapping to guide the ablation procedure. Offline analysis was performed to measure the temporal stability of three specific charge density activation (CDA) patterns, and the degree of spatial overlap between CDA patterns and low voltage regions.ResultsCDA was observed in patient‐specific locations that partially overlapped, comprising local rotational activity (18% of LA), local irregular activity (41% of LA), and focal activity (39% of LA). Local irregular activity had the highest temporal stability. LA voltage was similar in regions with and without CDA.ConclusionIn persistent AF, CDA patterns appear unrelated to low voltage areas but occur in varying locations with high temporal stability.
Biopolymer‐Based Membrane Adsorber for Removing Contaminants from Aqueous Solution: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Yang Facui , Yang Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe demand for energy‐efficient water treatment as well as the limitation in adsorption of existing membranes has motivated the pursuit of membranes that can break the selectivity‐permeability trade‐off and provide high selective adsorption for chemicals of interest. The membrane adsorbers have received a lot of attention for removing contaminants from aqueous solution due to combine both advantages of adsorption and membrane separation. Membrane adsorbers constructed by biopolymer with many functional groups are widely used in water purification, because the biopolymers are easily available from biomass materials in nature, degradable, and low‐cost. This paper summarizes the characteristics and important development direction of these types of biomass‐based membrane adsorption materials to adsorb organic/inorganic contaminants of water and analyzes the preparation methods of natural biomacromolecule cellulose, chitosan, sodium alginate, and protein to construct the membrane adsorption materials, as well as the application of pollutant removal from aqueous solutions. According to the current problems and shortcomings in the research of biopolymer‐based membrane adsorbers, it is proposed to improve the understanding of the adsorption mechanism of biopolymer‐based membrane adsorbers and accelerate the development of practical applications as the focus of future research.
Risk prioritisation using fuzzy analytic network process: A case of Addis–Djibouti railway construction project
Authors: Gashaw Tesfaye , Jilcha Kassu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a risk assessment model to prioritise the risks of railway construction projects. A fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) is employed to rank project risks based on the likelihood of project risks and their impact on cost and time. Fuzzy set theory is used to represent the vagueness in each expert's judgment, while ANP is used to deal with interdependence and feedback effects of risks. The data for this study was collected through literature reviews, interviews, and questionnaires. According to the study results, the right‐of‐way corresponds to the top risk that has highest impact on time and cost. Construction errors and incomplete contract details were found to rank second and third in terms of risk severity. Similarly, design changes and lack of coordination among parties are ranked fourth and fifth, respectively. The study results help practitioners and decision‐makers understand the main risks of the Ethiopian railway construction projects and take proactive actions accordingly. Furthermore, this paper can help researchers' model project risks and analyse their impact on project objectives considering uncertainty, interdependence, and feedback.
Computing eigenvalues of quasi‐rational Bernstein–Vandermonde matrices to high relative accuracy
Authors: Yang Zhao , Ma Xiao‐Xiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we consider how to accurately solve the eigenvalue problem for a class of quasi‐rational Bernstein–Vandermonde (q‐RBV) matrices. This class of matrices belongs to generalized sign regular matrices with signature . An algorithm is developed to accurately compute the parameter matrix for q‐RBV matrices. Based on the parameter matrix, all the eigenvalues of q‐RBV matrices have been computed to high relative accuracy. The perturbation theory for the eigenvalues of q‐RBV matrices and the error analysis of our proposed algorithm are provided. Numerical experiments are performed to confirm the claimed high relative accuracy.
Energy compensation and metabolic adaptation: “The Biggest Loser” study reinterpreted
Authors: Hall Kevin D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract“The Biggest Loser” weight‐loss competition offered a unique opportunity to investigate human energy metabolism and body composition before, during, and after an extreme lifestyle intervention. Here, I reinterpret the results of “The Biggest Loser” study in the context of a constrained model of human energy expenditure. Specifically, “The Biggest Loser” contestants engaged in large, sustained increases in physical activity that may have caused compensatory metabolic adaptations to substantially decrease resting metabolic rate and thereby minimize changes in total energy expenditure. This interpretation helps explain why the magnitude of persistent metabolic adaptation was largest in contestants with the greatest increases in sustained physical activity and why weight‐loss interventions involving lower levels of physical activity have not measured similarly large metabolic adaptations. Additional longitudinal studies quantifying the interrelationships between various components of energy expenditure and energy intake are needed to better understand the dynamics of human body weight regulation.
Data‐driven robust value iteration control with application to wind turbine pitch control
Authors: Liu Yang , Jiang Zhanpeng , Hao Lichao , Xing Zuoxia , Chen Mingyang , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor the large equipment, system model is usually difficult to obtain, or changes slowly with the running time. Therefore, some methods based on accurate model are difficult to apply, such as wind turbine. Therefore, the data‐based robust value iteration method based on data is studied for variable pitch control of wind turbine for the first time, which can deal with uncertainty and do not require an accurate model. First, a new data‐driven Bellman equation is derived base on the system operation data. Next, the robust VI structure based on data is designed, which is a model free iteration algorithm. Then, a data‐driven value iteration pitch controller is proposed, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the control method.
High density interfaces enhanced microwave absorption in multifunctional carbon nanotubes‐glass fiber‐epoxy composites
Authors: Zhao Rong , Xia Jiaxin , Adamaquaye Peter , Zhao Guang‐lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, we fabricated and systematically investigated the mechanical and microwave absorption properties of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)—glass fiber (GF)—epoxy composites. The composites showed high electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance in a wide frequency range. The maximum reflection loss of the composites can reach to −48 dB at 24.5 GHz. The EM wave absorption of the composites strongly depends on MWCNT and GF contents and can reach to ~70% at 26.5 GHz; further, such dependence is peculiar, contradicting to the conventional wisdom, due to high density interfaces in the materials, which lead to multiple scatterings and multiple absorptions of EM waves. The tensile strength of the composites was enhanced to ~427 MPa with ~74 wt% GFs, that is comparable to that of commercial Al alloy 6061 (~300 MPa, but not much EM wave absorption). The composites have the potential as multifunctional microwave absorption and low‐weight structural materials without a need of additional coating.
Regenerated cellulose membrane incorporating photocatalytic zinc oxide as a bifunctional membrane for decoloration of methylene blue
Authors: Azmi Azima , Lau Kam Sheng , Chin Siew Xian , Zakaria Sarani , Chia Chin Hua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the development of regenerated cotton linter cellulose membranes embedded with ZnO nanoparticles was conducted using the dissolution‐regeneration process. The physical and chemical properties of composite membranes were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The characterizations revealed that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles changes the crystallinity, bond properties, thermal properties, and hydrophilicity of the regenerated cellulose membrane. These nanocomposite membranes demonstrated good capability in water absorption, with pore volumes ranging from 3.6 to 2.1 cm3/g. In the photocatalytic studies, the cellulose membranes incorporating ZnO particles (1.6 wt%) can remove up to 87.6% of MB in 100 min under UV irradiation and also maintained reusability (84%) after sixth cycles after 6 months. Taken together, this bifunctional cellulose/ZnO membrane is a promising material for solving the wastewater crisis.
Alkene polymerization reactions with catalysts based on acetylacetonate complexes of vanadium and titanium: effect of cocatalyst
Authors: Rishina Laura A , Kissin Yury V , Lalayan Svetlana S , Nedorezova Polina M , Krasheninnikov Vadim G 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlkene polymerization reactions were studied with three catalyst systems containing complexes of vanadium and titanium with the acetylacetonate ligand (V(acac)3, VO(acac)2, Ti(acac)2Cl2) and a binary activator, a combination of Al(C2H5)2Cl and Mg(C4H9)2 at an [Al]:[Mg] molar ratio of ca 3. All three catalysts are highly active in ethylene homopolymerization reactions. They copolymerize ethylene and 1‐hexene to random, compositionally uniform products with 1‐hexene content of up to 20–25%. The Ti(acac)2Cl2–Al(C2H5)2Cl/Mg(C4H9)2 combination is also an effective catalyst for propylene polymerization to an essentially atactic product. Gel permeation chromatography analysis showed that all the studied M(acac)n–Al(C2H5)2Cl/Mg(C4H9)2 catalysts contain several types of active centers which differ in the average molecular weight of polymer material they produce. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Hydrophilic isopropanol/acetone‐substituted polymers for safe hydrogen storage
Authors: Oka Kouki , Tobita Yuka , Kataoka Miho , Kobayashi Kazuki , Kaiwa Yusuke , Nishide Hiroyuki , Oyaizu Kenichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of hydrogen carriers that are free from safety risks such as explosivity, volatility and toxicity is essential for safe hydrogen storage. In this study, we synthesize a safe and hydrophilic isopropanol/acetone‐substituted polymeric hydrogen carrier by a facile synthetic procedure that is conducted in water and only requires dialysis with water for purification. A simple nucleophilic substitution of poly(allylamine) and 2‐bromoacetone produces a hydrophilic acetone‐substituted poly(allylamine) derivative, facilitating control over the hydrophilicity of the polymer according to the degree of substitution. The polymer is readily hydrogenated using NaBH4 to obtain a hydrophilic isopropanol‐substituted poly(allylamine). The high density of the repeating units and high hydrophilicity of the amine groups enable the maximization of the mass hydrogen storage density of the redox polymer to ca 1.5 wt%. Reversible hydrogen gas fixation/release from the polymeric hydrogels via chemical bond formation/disconnection is realized with complete conversion, with dehydrogenation occurring at 65–95 °C in the presence of an iridium complex catalyst. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Utility of polysomnography for management of chronic invasive mechanical ventilation in children
Authors: Gurbani Neepa , Benscoter Dan , Torres‐Silva Cherie , Huang Guixia , Hossain Md M. , Simakajornboon Narong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveWith advances in technology, pediatric patients are sent home with chronic invasive mechanical ventilation (CIMV). Ventilation optimization and preparation for weaning are essential processes, however, there is no standard approach to weaning and titrating ventilator settings in children. There is little information in the literature on the utility of polysomnography (PSG) in weaning and titration of CIMV. Our objective is to review the role of PSG on titration and weaning of CIMV in children.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records and polysomnograms was performed on CIMV dependent patients at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center from January 2011 to October 2017. Patients underwent overnight ventilator weaning or titration PSG. Subjects with less than 3 h of total sleep time were excluded.ResultsAbout 163 PSGs were divided into 97 PSGs for ventilator titration and 66 PSGs for ventilator weaning. Of the 97 ventilator titration PSGs, 59 (60.8%) had inadequate ventilation, 10 (10.3%) had inadequate oxygenation, 22 (22.7%) had significant tracheostomy leak, 13 (13.4%) had autocycling, 3 (3.1%) had failure to trigger, 4 (4.1%) had central sleep apnea, and 24 (25.8%) had adequate ventilation on current ventilator settings. Of the 66 ventilator weaning PSGs, 48 (72.7%) weaned to lower ventilator settings or off ventilator support and 18 (27.3%) did not wean.DiscussionOur results indicate that PSG is useful in titration and weaning of ventilator settings in children with CIMV. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the subgroup of this population who would benefit most from PSG for assessment of adequate ventilator support.