bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can chronopharmacology improve the therapeutic management of neurological diseases?
Authors: Sion Benoit , Bégou Mélina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe importance of circadian rhythm dysfunctions in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases has been highlighted recently. Chronopharmacology principles imply that tailoring the timing of treatments to the circadian rhythm of individual patients could optimize therapeutic management. According to these principles, chronopharmacology takes into account the individual differences in patients’ clocks, the rhythmic changes in the organism sensitivity to therapeutic and side effects of drugs, and the predictable time variations of disease. This review examines the current literature on chronopharmacology of neurological diseases focusing its scope on epilepsy, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and neuropathic pain, even if other neurological diseases could have been analyzed. While the results of the studies discussed in this review point to a potential therapeutic benefit of chronopharmacology in neurological diseases, the field is still in its infancy. Studies including a sufficiently large number of patients and measuring gold standard markers of the circadian rhythmicity are still needed to evaluate the beneficial effect of administration times over the 24‐hour day but also of clock modulating drugs.
Mechanism study of novel inducer combinations containing laver powder for Penicillium piceum lignocellulolytic enzyme production
Authors: Jia Wendi , Ge Mingyue , Zhang Zhaokun , Zhang Dongyuan , Gao Le 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInducers play an important role in fungus cellulase production. In this study, a combination of Avicel and laver powder, which contains cellulose, hemicellulose, other polysaccharides, and crude lipid, was used to induce lignocellulolytic enzyme production in Penicillium piceum H16. When Avicel was supplemented with various amounts of laver powder, cellulase activities or extracellular protein yields increased by 11.4%–102.5%, relative to those observed when Avicel alone was used. In particular, filter paper and cellobiohydrolase activities increased by as much as 39.3% and 102.5%, respectively, after supplementation with laver powder. Furthermore, laver powder supplementation enhanced the efficiency of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis in crude corn stover by 39.3% and 22.2%, respectively. The results suggest that laver powder and Avicel synergistically induce lignocellulytic enzyme production and P. piceum H16 growth. iTRAQ‐based quantitative proteomics analysis results further demonstrate that laver powder supplementation optimized the synergistic lignocellulytic enzyme cocktail from P. piceum H16 by upregulating the production of cellulase‐enhancing factors and lignocellulolytic enzymes. The oligosaccharides released by laver powder may account for the synergistic induction, which may help reduce the cost of producing lignocellulytic enzymes by filamentous fungi.
5‐aza‐2’‐deoxycytidine may regulate the inflammatory response of human odontoblast‐like cells through the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Feng Z. , Meng R. , Li Q. , Li D. , Xu Q. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the role of DNA methylation in the innate immunity of the dental pulp, this study investigated the effect of 5‐aza‐2’‐deoxycytidine (AZA) on lipoteichoic acid (LTA)‐induced cytokine production and related intracellular signalling pathways in human odontoblast‐like cells (hOBs).MethodologyhOBs were cultured and differentiated from human dental pulp tissue, and the odontoblastic phenotype of the cells was detected using immunofluorescence, qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. hOBs were pretreated with AZA and then stimulated with 10 μg mL−1 LTA. The levels of 42 cytokines related to immunity and inflammation were examined using a cytokine antibody array and verified using qRT‐PCR and ELISA. The effect of AZA on the LTA‐induced NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways was explored using Western blotting. The cells were treated with the specific NF‐κB inhibitor PDTC and MAPK inhibitors (the ERK inhibitor U0126, the p38 inhibitor SB203580, and the JNK inhibitor SP600125) to further confirm the role of the signalling pathways in LTA‐treated hOBs. DNA immunoprecipitation–PCR was used to examine the dynamic methylation status of the gene promoters of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in the LTA‐induced hOBs. Statistical analyses of the differences between two groups were performed using Student’s t‐test. One‐way analysis of variance (anova) or repeated‐measures anova with a post hoc Dunnett’s test was used to assess the differences between multiple sets of data. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsThe odontoblastic markers were significantly higher in hOBs than those in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) (P < 0.05). According to the cytokine antibody array results, hOBs pretreated with AZA had significantly increased production of several inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05), in which the expression levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 were the most dramatically increased upon LTA stimulation (P < 0.01). Furthermore, AZA resulted in the significant upregulation of p‐IKKα/β, p‐IκBα, p‐p65, p‐p38 and p‐ERK in LTA‐stimulated hOBs (P < 0.01). Treatment with the NF‐κB pathway inhibitor suppressed both IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression (P < 0.05), whereas inhibitors of the MAPK pathway (SB203580 and SP600125) did not. In LTA‐treated hOBs, AZA significantly increased the expression levels of TRAF6 and MyD88 (P < 0.05). AZA induced MyD88 promoter hypomethylation but did not affect TRAF6 methylation.ConclusionAZA regulated the LTA‐induced inflammatory response through the NF‐κB signal pathway in hOBs. This study highlights the important role of DNA methylation in the immunity defence of odontoblasts during the dental pulp immunity response to caries.
The role of astrocytes in generating circadian rhythmicity in health and disease
Authors: Costa Rodolfo , Montagnese Sara 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEvidence is accumulating that the mammalian circadian clock system is considerably more complex than previously believed, also in terms of the cell types that actually contribute to generating the oscillation within the master clock, in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Here we review the evidence that has lead to the identification of a bona fide astrocytic circadian clock, and that of the potential contribution of such clock to the generation of circadian and seasonal rhythmicity in health and in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we speculate on the role of the astrocytic clock in determining some of the clinical features of hepatic encephalopathy, a reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with advanced liver disease, which is characterized by transient, profound morphological and functional astrocytic abnormalities, in the absence of significant, structural neuronal changes.
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Increase adapalene delivery using chemical and herbal enhancers
Authors: Salimi Anayatollah , Emam Monasadat , Mohammad Soleymani Saeed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcne is one of the skin diseases that include abnormalities in the production of sebum, changes in the microbial flora, abnormal keratinization, and inflammation. Adapalene is a good choice in the treatment of acne with fewer side effects and high effectiveness. However, the absorption of adapalene through human skin is low. We investigated the effect of several enhancers on the skin absorption of adapalene.MethodsFor the preparation of a topical formulation, this drug needs proper skin absorption. Therefore, to increase the effect of chemical absorption of the Adapalene skin permeability, it should first be put on the skin in a touch of some absorption like Eucalyptus, Urea, Clove oil, propylene glycol, and oleic acid for 1 and 2 hours and was then examined for the passing of the drug on the treated skin and for the effect of absorptions by calculating of the permeability parameters using DSC and FT‐IR techniques.Result and ConclusionThe results show that the enhancers used increased the permeability of the drug adapalene to water. Several mechanisms including lipid liquefaction, degradation of the fat structure, as well as irreversible denaturation of intracellular creatine caused by Eucalyptus, urea clove oil, PG, and oleic acid are the main mechanisms of drug penetration. Based on the results, it was found that among the enhancers studied, eucalyptus and urea had the highest and the lowest absorption effect in 2‐ and 1‐hour pre‐contact, respectively.
Comparison of 2.5% agarose gel vs hyaluronic acid filler, for the correction of moderate to severe nasolabial folds
Authors: Scuderi Nicolò , Fanelli Benedetta , Fino Pasquale , Kinney Brian M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAgarose gel filler is a natural hydrocolloid with a three‐dimensional structure similar to the extracellular matrix, with gel formed by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions rather than through chemical cross‐linking or polymerization.ObjectiveTo determine efficacy and safety of 2.5% agarose gel filler for the correction of nasolabial folds.MethodsIn this split‐face study, efficacy, safety, and usability of 2.5% agarose gel were compared to those of NASHA‐L. Assessments included the nasolabial fold (NLF) Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS), Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS [blinded investigator]), subject satisfaction, safety (adverse events), and usability.ResultsSixty‐six subjects were treated, and 46/66 (66.7%) were available for evaluation at 3 months, when mean change in WSRS was identical for both products (−1.1 ± 0.4 for 2.5% agarose; −1.1 ± 0.4 for NASHA‐L). Scores for each product remained similar across all time points and began to return to baseline between 7 and 8 months. GAIS score followed a similar pattern, rising between months 7 and 8 (2.7 ± 0.6 for 2.5% agarose at month 7‐3.3 ± 0.5 at month 8 and 2.7 ± 0.6 for NASHA‐L at month 7‐3.3 ± 0.5 at month 8). Ultrasound confirmed the longevity of both fillers between 7 and 8 months. All adverse events were transient in nature and resolved within 15 days. Most events were mild in nature, and the number of events was similar between the two fillers.ConclusionTreatment with 2.5% agarose gel resulted in improvement that persisted for between 7 and 8 months. The treatment effect was equivalent to NASHA‐L.
Effect of Cartridge Storage Time and Ambient Laboratory Conditions on the Stability of Mechanical Properties of Bis‐Acryl Interim Resin Materials
Authors: Niem Thomas , Heun Ulrich , Hübner Antje , Wöstmann Bernd 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the stability of mechanical properties during the entire shelf life of chemically‐activated bis‐acryl interim resin materials stored at ambient laboratory conditions.Materials and methodsFour bis‐acryl interim resin materials with no explicit recommendation for refrigerator storage were selected (Luxatemp Plus, Visalys Temp, Structur 3, Structur Premium). Following cartridge storage at ambient laboratory conditions in 6‐month intervals, 30 specimens (2.0 × 2.0 × 25.0 mm3) were prepared in each case and stored in distilled water (37.0 ± 1.0 °C) with 3 different water storage times (2 hours, 24 hours, 7 days). Flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, modulus of toughness, and elastic recovery were determined (3‐point bend test). Data were subjected to a three‐way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to determine overall significance, followed by a series of separate one‐way ANOVAs after data were split, using Tukey and Games‐Howell post hoc tests to identify significant differences between groups (α = 0.05).ResultsWhile Luxatemp Plus showed no significant decrease for all mechanical properties during the investigated shelf life of 21 months (p > 0.05), Visalys Temp exhibited a continuous decline of the corresponding values (p < 0.05), irrespective of the water storage time. Structur 3 and Structur Premium properties remained almost unchanged during the first 6 months of the examination period. Subsequently, a progressive decrease was observed for flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, while most modulus of toughness and elastic recovery results revealed little alteration.ConclusionDepending on the bis‐acryl interim resin material, mechanical properties appeared to be susceptible to continuous degradation processes during cartridge storage at ambient conditions, especially towards the end of the material shelf life. For some materials, the chemical stabilization and recommended storage conditions should be revised by the manufacturers to prevent premature aging during shelf life.
Household factors and gestational age predict diet quality of pregnant women
Authors: Bukari Mohammed , Saaka Mahama , Masahudu Azaratu , Ali Zakari , Abubakari Abdul‐Latif , Danquah Lillian Owusuwaa , Abdulai Ayishetu Napari , Abizari Abdul‐Razak 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdequate diet during pregnancy has positive effects on the mother and pregnancy outcome. Assessment of diet quality during pregnancy is particularly important in areas where household food security is suboptimal, to enable appropriate targeting and intervention. This study assessed diet quality and identified predicting factors among pregnant women in northern Ghana. A cross‐sectional study involving 403 pregnant women was conducted in May 2018. Pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics (ANC) were selected using simple random sampling technique. We assessed socio‐demographic characteristics, 24‐h recall and household food security. The minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD‐W) was used as a proxy measure for diet quality based on Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) guidelines. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine the predictors of diet quality. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) of 10 food groups was 4.4 ± 1.1 (95% CI: 4.3–4.5). Logistic regression showed that women of high educational level (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.21–4.84];P= 0.01), women of high household wealth index (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI [1.14–2.77];P= 0.01], none/mild household hunger (AOR = 2.71; 95% CI [1.26–5.82];P= 0.01), medium household size (6–15 members) (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI [1.04–2.66];P= 0.03) and women of gestational age 20–35 weeks (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI [1.05–3.40];P= 0.03) were more likely to have quality diets after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Diet quality among pregnant women was low and was predicted by educational level, household wealth, gestational age and food security. Women education and improvements in household food security could impact diets of pregnant women in northern Ghana.
Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072, level S2k)
Authors: Farr Alex , Effendy Isaak , Frey Tirri Brigitte , Hof Herbert , Mayser Peter , Petricevic Ljubomir , Ruhnke Markus , Schaller Martin , Schaefer Axel P. A. , Sustr Valentina , Willinger Birgit , Mendling Werner 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApproximately 70‐75% of women will have vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) at least once in their lifetime. In premenopausal, pregnant, asymptomatic and healthy women and women with acute VVC, Candida albicans is the predominant species. The diagnosis of VVC should be based on clinical symptoms and microscopic detection of pseudohyphae. Symptoms alone do not allow reliable differentiation of the causes of vaginitis. In recurrent or complicated cases, diagnostics should involve fungal culture with species identification. Serological determination of antibody titres has no role in VVC. Before the induction of therapy, VVC should always be medically confirmed. Acute VVC can be treated with local imidazoles, polyenes or ciclopirox olamine, using vaginal tablets, ovules or creams. Triazoles can also be prescribed orally, together with antifungal creams, for the treatment of the vulva. Commonly available antimycotics are generally well tolerated, and the different regimens show similarly good results. Antiseptics are potentially effective but act against the physiological vaginal flora. Neither a woman with asymptomatic colonisation nor an asymptomatic sexual partner should be treated. Women with chronic recurrent Candida albicans vulvovaginitis should undergo dose‐reducing maintenance therapy with oral triazoles. Unnecessary antimycotic therapies should always be avoided, and non‐albicans vaginitis should be treated with alternative antifungal agents. In the last 6 weeks of pregnancy, women should receive antifungal treatment to reduce the risk of vertical transmission, oral thrush and diaper dermatitis of the newborn. Local treatment is preferred during pregnancy.
Epidemiology and clinical features of demyelinating disorders in India
Authors: Pandit Lekha , Mustafa Sharik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEpidemiological and clinical features of demyelinating disorders in the Indian context have been sparsely reported. This paper aims to provide a review of literature from the past decade on the same. PubMed, Google scholar, and PubMed search databases were searched using subject headings and key words for data from the past 10 years (1999‐2019). Data from studies that collected Incidence and prevalence of demyelinating disorders were prioritized. In addition, clinical and demographic features of demyelinating disorders were obtained from hospital‐based studies published from different regions within India. The sole epidemiological study from India showed a prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) among Indians to be 8.3/100 000 and that of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) to be 2.7/100 000. Clinical features of MS obtained from hospital‐based studies showed female predominance, an onset of disease predominantly in the second decade of life and pyramidal dysfunction as a common initial attack. Aquaporin 4‐IgG‐associated NMOSD were predominantly in woman with myelitis as the most common initial attack. In contrast, MOG‐IgG‐associated disorders showed no gender bias and presented often with optic neuritis. There is growing awareness of demyelinating disorders in India, and the availability of imaging and serological tests has allowed for accurate and early diagnosis. In the absence of large epidemiological studies at the national level, there is likely to be a significant underestimation of prevalence and incidence of these diseases.
No gas source, no problem: Proximity to pre‐existing embolism and segmentation affect embolism spreading in angiosperm xylem by gas diffusion
Authors: Guan Xinyi , Pereira Luciano , McAdam Scott A. M. , Cao Kun‐Fang , Jansen Steven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmbolism spreading in dehydrating angiosperm xylem is driven by gas movement between embolized and sap‐filled conduits. Here we examine how the proximity to pre‐existing embolism and hydraulic segmentation affect embolism propagation. Based on the optical method, we compare xylem embolism resistance between detached leaves and leaves attached to branches, and between intact leaves and leaves with cut minor veins, for six species. Embolism resistance of detached leaves was significantly lower than that of leaves attached to stems, except for two species, with all vessels ending in their petioles. Cutting of minor veins showed limited embolism spreading in minor veins near the cuts prior to major veins. Moreover, despite strong agreement in the overall embolism resistance of detached leaves between the optical and pneumatic method, minor differences were observed during early stages of embolism formation. We conclude that embolism resistance may represent a relative trait due to an open‐xylem artefact, with embolism spreading possibly affected by the proximity and connectivity to pre‐existing embolism as a gas source, while hydraulic segmentation prevents such artefact. Since embolism formation may not rely on a certain pressure difference threshold between functional and embolized conduits, we speculate that embolism is facilitated by pressure‐driven gas diffusion across pit membranes.
Ozone Generation by Ultraviolet Lamps†
Authors: Claus Holger 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has generated a great deal of interest in ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) as an important means to disinfect air and surfaces. The traditional lamp employed for UVGI has been the low‐pressure mercury‐discharge lamp that emits primarily at 254 nm in the ultraviolet photobiological band UV‐C (100–280 nm). The recent development of even shorter‐wavelength UV‐C lamps, such as the Krypton–Chloride, 222‐nm lamp, has led to greater concerns about the UV‐C generation of ozone. It is well known that wavelengths below 240 nm more readily generate ozone. However, there is a great misunderstanding with regard to the actual generation and dissipation of ozone molecules by UV‐C lamps. A review of this subject is much warranted. An overview of the ozone generation of various UV‐C light sources is presented to give users a better understanding of risk and how to assure control of ozone when employing UV‐C lamps.
Waiting in the wings: RUNX3 reveals hidden depths of immune regulation with potential implications for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Dybska Emilia , Adams Alex T. , Duclaux‐Loras Rémi , Walkowiak Jarosław , Nowak Jan K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplex interactions between the environment and the mucosal immune system underlie inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The involved cytokine signalling pathways are modulated by a number of transcription factors, one of which is runt‐related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3).ObjectiveTo systematically review the immune roles of RUNX3 in immune regulation, with a focus on the context of IBD.MethodsRelevant articles and reviews were identified through a Scopus search in April 2020. Information was categorized by immune cell types, analysed and synthesized. IBD transcriptome data sets and FANTOM5 regulatory networks were processed in order to complement the literature review.ResultsThe available evidence on the immune roles of RUNX3 allowed for its description in twelve cell types: intraepithelial lymphocyte, Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, double‐positive T, cytotoxic T, B, dendritic, innate lymphoid, natural killer and macrophages. In the gut, the activity of RUNX3 is multifaceted and context‐dependent: it may promote homeostasis or exacerbated reactions via cytokine signalling and regulation of receptor expression. RUNX3 is mostly engaged in pathways involving ThPOK, T‐bet, IFN‐γ, TGF‐β/IL‐2Rβ, GATA/CBF‐β, SMAD/p300 and a number of miRNAs. RUNX3 targets relevant to IBD may include RAG1, OSM and IL‐17B. Moreover, in IBD RUNX3 expression correlates positively with GZMM, and negatively with IFNAR1, whereas in controls, it strongly associates with TGFBR3.ConclusionsDysregulation of RUNX3, mostly in the form of deficiency, likely contributes to IBD pathogenesis. More clinical research is needed to examine RUNX3 in IBD.