bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR SWITCH BASED ON BITHIOPHENE-AZOBENZENE: HOW TO CONTROL CONDUCTANCE THROUGH THE MONOLAYER USING LIGHT
Authors: Савченко Владислав Анатольевич , Гуськова Ольга Александровна 
Published: November 2021

Молекулярные переключатели на основе азобензола (азо) являются светочувствительными молекулами, которые могут переключаться между двумя конфигурационными состояниями под действием света. Светочувствительные азо -монослои можно использовать для модуляции работы выхода, то есть они влияют на свойства электродов. В данной работе мы отвечаем на вопрос, что происходит со структурами, электронными свойствами и перераспределением заряда в монослоях азобитиофена (азо-бт) в зависимости от светового стимула, используя теорию функционала плотности. Моделируются два типа переключателей, различающихся расположением азо и бт от группы пришивки молекулы к поверхности: азо-бт и бт-азо . Один из них (бт-азо) описан в литературе, другой же является продуктом молекулярного дизайна. Мы описываем транс- и цис-изомеры для каждого переключателя, находящегося в контакте с кластером золота. Наше моделирование объясняет гигантское соотношение в проводимости ON/OFF-состояний при воздействии УФ-излучения на монослой улучшенной электронной связью между цис-изомерами (состояние ON) и кластером золота. Транс-изомеры же (OFF состояние) моделируемых переключателей играют роль изоляторов. Кроме того, мы показываем, какие именно свойства улучшаются после молекулярного дизайна. Данное исследование открывает новые возможности в разработке инновационных модификаций поверхности электродов.
Molecular switches based on azobenzene (azo) are defined as light-responsive molecules which can change between two configurational states under light stimuli. Responsive azo monolayers can be used to modulate the work function, i.e. they tune the properties of the interfaces at the electrodes. In this work, we investigate what happens to the structures, electronic properties, and the charge redistribution within azo-bithiophene (azo-bt) monolayers depending on the light stimulus using density functional theory. Two types of switches differing in the order of azo and bt counting from the anchor group are modelled: azo-bt and bt-azo . One of them (bt-azo) is known from the literature, the remaining one is a product of rational design. We describe trans- and cis-isomers for each switch being in a contact with a gold cluster. Our simulations explain a giant ON/OFF conductance ratio upon UV light stimulus by improved electronic coupling between the cis-isomers (ON-state) and the gold cluster. The trans-isomers (OFF-state) of the simulated switches play the role of the insulators. Moreover, we show which molecular properties are enchanced by molecular design. This study opens up new avenues to the development of the innovative design of electrode surface modifications.
THE RADICAL FORMATION DURING THE HYDROQUINONE AUTOOXIDATION IN THE STRONG ALKALINE MEDIUM
Authors: Одарюк Иван Дмитриевич , Одарюк Виктория Валентиновна 
Published: November 2021

При окислении гидрохинона в сильнощелочных средах основной вклад в процесс окисления вносит реакция прямого взаимодействия бианиона гидрохинона с кислородом. В результате исследования ингибированного аскорбиновой кислотой окисления гидрохинона в сильнощелочной среде хемилюминесцентным и спектрофотометрическим методами установлена константа скорости этой реакции, равная 241 ± 44 (М·с).
The direct interaction between the dianion of hydroquinone and oxygen has made the major contribution in the process of hydroquinone oxidation in the strong alkaline media. As a result of the investigation of hydroquinone oxidation inhibited by ascorbic acid with chemiluminescence and spectrophotometric methods the rate constant of this reaction has been determined to be equal to 241 ± 44 (М·s).
INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING THEORETICAL MODELING METHODS TO DETERMINE THE EUTECTIC COMPOSITION OF BINARY ALLOYS
Authors: Мощенская Елена Юрьевна , Стифатов Борис Михайлович 
Published: November 2021

Рассмотрена возможность поиска эвтектического состава бинарных сплавов различными методами теоретическую математического моделирования. Проведена оценка применимости для этих целей методов Шредера-Ле-Шателье, Кордеса, Эпстейна-Хоуленда, А.В. Суворова на примере сплавов Cd-Bi и Sn-Bi.
The possibility of searching for the eutectic composition of binary alloys by various methods of theoretical mathematical modeling is considered. An assessment of the applicability for these purposes of the methods of Schroeder-Le-Chatelier, Cordes, Epstein-Howland, A.V. Suvorov on the example of alloys Cd-Bi and Sn-Bi.
CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF ARENES UNDER HYDRODYNAMIC CAVITATION ACTION OF AQUEOUS MEDIA ON ALUMINUM OXIDE
Authors: Дудкин Денис Владимирович , Федяева Ирина Михайловна , Журавлева Людмила Анатольевна 
Published: November 2021

На примере эталонного бензола исследованы химические превращения аренов в водной и водно-кислой среде при гидродинамическом кавитационном воздействии на оксиде алюминия. На основе газовой хроматографии и газовой хроматографии с масс-спектральным детектированием установлено, что ведение процесса на поверхности твёрдого катализатора приводит к образованию н-алканов, алкилзамещенных производных циклогексана, алкилзамещённых моноядерных аренов и полиядерных ароматических соединений. Образующиеся соединения имеют в два-три раза большую, в сравнении с исходным ареном, молекулярную массу. Образование из арена новых классов органических соединений обусловлено интенсивным течением реакций гидрирования, алкилирования и дегедроциклизации. Кислая реакция среды подавляет течение свободно-радикального образования н-алканов.
Using the example of reference benzene, the chemical transformations of arenes in an aqueous and aqueous-acid medium under hydrodynamic cavitation action on aluminum oxide are studied. Based on gas chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectral detection, it was found that conducting the process on the surface of a solid catalyst leads to the formation of n-alkanes, alkyl-substituted cyclohexane derivatives, alkyl-substituted mononuclear arenes and polynuclear aromatic compounds. The resulting compounds have two to three times the molecular weight compared to the initial arene. The formation of new classes of organic compounds from arenes is due to the intensive course of hydrogenation, alkylation and dehedrocyclization reactions. The acidic reaction of the medium suppresses the process of free radical formation of n-alkanes.
THE USE OF ULTRASOUND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE CATALYST Ru/HPS MN 100 AND ITS ACTIVITY IN THE PROCESS OF HYDROGENATION OF XYLOSE AND LACTOSE
Authors: Григорьев Максим Евгеньевич , Бровко Роман Викторович , Долуда Евгений Олегович 
Published: November 2021

В работе рассмотрена возможность использование ультразвука при получении рутений содержащей каталитической системы Ru/СПС MN 100. Проведено кинетическое тестирование данного катализатора и сравнение его активности с таким же катализатором, но синтезированным без использования ультразвука, в процессе гидрирования ксилозы и лактозы до соответствующих полиолов - ксилита и лактита. Процесс гидрирования осуществлялся в реакторе периодического и непрерывного действия при оптимальных условиях (температуре, концентрации моно- и дисахарида, парциальном давлении водорода, скорости подачи водного раствора ксилозы и лактозы и скорости подачи водорода). Установлено, что ультразвуковая обработка рутениевого катализатора способствует повышению его активности, что отражается на увеличении конверсии моно- и дисахарида при проведении процесса в периодических условиях, при этом практически не происходит изменения конверсии субстратов при их гидрировании в реакторе проточного типа.
The paper considers the possibility of using ultrasound in the production of ruthenium-containing catalytic system Ru/SPS MN 100. Kinetic testing of this catalyst was carried out and its activity was compared with the same catalyst, but synthesized without the use of ultrasound, in the process of hydrogenation of xylose and lactose to the corresponding polyols - xylitol and lactite. The hydrogenation process was carried out in a periodic and continuous reactor under optimal conditions (temperature, concentration of mono - and disaccharide, partial pressure of hydrogen, the rate of supply of an aqueous solution of xylitol and lactite and the rate of supply of hydrogen). It was found that ultrasonic treatment of the ruthenium catalyst contributes to an increase in its activity, which is reflected in an increase in the conversion of mono - and disaccharide during the process under periodic conditions, while there is practically no change in the conversion of substrates during their hydrogenation in a flow-type reactor.
El deterioro de las capacidades técnico-operativas de las empresas públicas argentinas durante la última dictadura cívico-militar (1976-1983)
Authors: Ascencio Débora 
Published: November 2021

El propósito de este artículo es analizar las capacidades técnico-operativas de diez de las principales empresas públicas argentinas durante la última dictadura cívico-militar (1976-1983), a partir de examinar su desempeño en una serie de indicadores productivos y laborales. Como resultado, se destaca un cambio cualitativo en la relación producción-empleo. Mientras que, durante los años previos al golpe de Estado, el incremento (moderado) en la productividad fue acompañado de un crecimiento en la producción y en el empleo, entre 1974 y 1983 se constata un incremento en el volumen físico de la producción junto con una significativa y generalizada contracción en la dotación de trabajadores y sus remuneraciones. Esto conllevó un aumento del margen de explotación y el retroceso en las capacidades técnico-operativas de las firmas.
Palabras clave: Empresas públicas- desempeño técnico-operativo- capacidades estatales- dictadura cívico-militar
Irineu Evangelista de Souza na Guerra Grande: o intermediário dos contratos secretos entre o Brasil e o Uruguai em 1850
Authors: Messias Talita Alves de 
Published: November 2021

O trabalho tem como objetivo explorar o papel de intermediador desempenhado por Irineu Evangelista de Souza, futuro Barão e depois Visconde de Mauá, nos contratos de empréstimos financeiros realizados pelo Império do Brasil ao governo do Uruguai em 1850, no início da chamada Diplomacia do Patacão. A análise é baseada no cruzamento de dados entre as fontes documentais relacionadas à Diplomacia do Patacão em 1850 e os dados e análises presentes na historiografia sobre o assunto. O estudo indica que Irineu foi convidado para atuar nessa política apenas como intermediador, de modo a tornar mais plausível o cenário que os agentes do Império visavam criar, mas que sua participação na ação secreta lhe permitiu combinar o acesso a informações privilegiadas da geopolítica regional com oportunidades de negócios, nas quais ele decidiu investir.
Palavras-chave: Diplomacia do Patacão; Irineu Evangelista de Souza; Mauá; Guerra Grande, empréstimos.
A Espiritualidade e seu impacto na saúde
Authors: Perse Aline Menegazzo , Dos Santos Ferreira Andresa , Dafllon Vinhosa Muniz Eduardo , Alvarenga Gonçalves Gomes Pereira Patrícia , Fernanda da Silva Azevedo Rios Nathalia 
Published: November 2021

A espiritualidade poderia ser definida como uma propensão humana a buscar significado para a vida por meio de conceitos que transcendem o tangível: um sentido de conexão com algo maior que si próprio, que pode ou não incluir uma participação religiosa formal (Saad et al., 2001; Volcan, 2003). A espiritualidade e sua relação com a saúde tem se tornado claro paradigma a ser estabelecido na prática médica diária. A doença permanece como entidade de impacto amplo sobre aspectos de abordagem desde a fisiopatologia básica até sua complexa relação social, psíquica e econômica; é fundamental reconhecer que esses diversos aspectos estão correlacionados em múltipla interação.Convém definir neste cenário que a religiosidade e a espiritualidade, apesar de relacionadas, não são claramente descritas como sinônimos. A religiosidade envolve sistematização de culto e doutrina compartilhados por um grupo. A espiritualidade está afeita a questões sobre o significado e o propósito da vida, com a crença em aspectos espiritualistas para justificar sua existência e significados (Saad et al., 2001; Powell et al., 2003).A comprovação da utilização de aspectos distintos da espiritualidade e da religiosidade como suporte, terapêutica e determinação de desfechos positivos em diversas doenças tem constituído emblemático desafio para a ciência médica. Em se considerando as limitações éticas e de método, demonstra-se o quão dificultoso se faz mensurar e quantificar o impacto de experiências religiosas e espirituais pelos métodos científicos tradicionais.Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar de forma concisa as evidências recentes do papel da espiritualidade e da religiosidade em diversos campos da prática clínica diária.
Le palme muoiono in piedi
al-Naḫl yamūtu wāqifan
Authors: Facchin Andrea 
Published: November 2021

al-Naḫl yamūtu wāqifan (Palm Trees Wither Upright) is the first work by Tunisian writer Ibrāhīm Darġūṯī, born in El-Mahassen (Tozeur) in 1955, proponent of the experimentalism and magical realism, and known all over the Arab world for his pungent writing style. The work was published in Sfax in 1989, and is a collection of short stories devoted to the local life of al-Ǧarīd region, in southern Tunisia; to its traditions, distinctive traits and, at times, to imagination, creating a unique mixture, which is representative of Darġūṯī’s literature. Men, the desert, and palm trees are the essential elements, the three primary colours of this literary text. Stories unfold around this triad and through them its author introduces the many facets of local reality. “A hand full of sun for ʿAzīz” or “Lion’s paw” reveal an intimate relationship between nature, represented by the palm grove, and the inhabitants of that land; a sort of tacit agreement for which one has promised to take care of the other since the dawn of time. Other stories explore all the repressive elements of the system: class differences, hunger, humiliation, tyranny; in short, the loss of fundamental rights. In this sense, Darġūṯī’s work is not remission or defenceless immobility in the face of the injustices perpetrated by man on his neighbour; on the contrary, it is pure rebellion. al-Naḫl is a vivid mixture in which multiple traditions blend. It is a set of fragments of an Arab, Tunisian or Saharan setting fairy tale, or of the Islamic cultural heritage. It shows the scars left by French colonialism, or the challenge of man facing the change of times. It is a condemnation of all kinds of injustice, a cry of anguish and restlessness for the troubles of everyday life. It is a glimpse of the Ǧarīd with its mysteries, the desert that claims men’s lives, the almost metaphysical landscapes of a salt lake that was once a sea. It is the first work by Darġūṯī translated into Italian.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Siswa pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis
Authors: Sucipto Heri , Kusumawati Ratih , Nayazik Akhmad 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis faktor kesulitan belajar matematika siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar ditinjau dari kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIIA MTs Al Hidayah Sadeng Kota Semarang sebanyak 33 siswa akan tetapi pada saat penelitian tidak hadir 3 siswa, sehingga subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 siswa. Instrumen penelitian adalah lembar observasi kemampuan komunikasi matematis sebanyak 4 aspek pengamatan, angket faktor kesulitan pembelajaran sebanyak 50 butir soal pilihan ganda, soal tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis sebanyak 2 butir soal essay, serta wawancara. Hasil tes yang telah dilaksanakan membagi siswa ke dalam 3 kriteria kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Terlihat analisis angket kesulitan belajar pada kemampuan komunikasi tinggi sebanyak 9 siswa mengalami kesulitan belajar pada faktor internal yaitu kesiapan belajar yang rendah, analisis angket kesulitan belajar pada kemampuan komunikasi sedang sebanyak 18 siswa mengalami kesulitan belajar pada faktor internal yaitu motivasi belajar dan keaktifan bertanya, serta analisis angket kesulitan belajar pada kemampuan komunikasi matematis rendah sebanyak 3 siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar pada faktro internal yaitu pad bakat dan minat belajar serta pada faktor eksternal yaitu pada perhatian orangtua.
"Hasil UN Buruk HOTS yang Salah, Benarkah?": Analisis HOTS pada Soal UNBK terhadap Hasil UN Matematika SMA di Indonesia
Authors: Akhyar Muhammad Khoiril 
Published: November 2021

Banyak siswa SMA mengeluhkan begitu sulitnya soal Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer (UNBK). Mendikbud Muhadjir Effendy menyatakan sulitnya soal tersebut disebabkan oleh disisipkannya soal jenis Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) ditingkat SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah keberadaan HOTS pada soal UNBK menyebabkan rendahnya capaian nilai UN Matematika SMA IPA di Indonesia. Analisis tersebut meliputi klasifikasi HOTS pada soal UNBK berdasarkan taksonomi Bloom yang sudah direvisi oleh Krathwohl dan analisis HOTS terhadap Hasil UN Matematika SMA IPA. Hasil analisis tersebut menunjukkan bahwa, jika dilihat dari sudut pandang Widana (2017) yang menyatakan bahwa yang dimaksud soal HOTS, selain harus mencakup aspek Create, Evaluate, dan analysis, juga harus merupakan soal kontekstual dan non rutin, maka soal HOTS hanya dapat memberikan kontribusi kesalahan 39,4% (2017/2018) dan 37,4% (2018/2019). Oleh karena itu, bahkan jika tidak ada satupun soal HOTS yang dijawab dengan benar seharusnya siswa masih mampu mendapatkan capaian lebih tinggi dari hasil UN Matematika SMA IPA yaitu 37,06 (2017/2018) dan 39,23 (2018/2019). Sehingga anggapan bahwa soal HOTS berpengaruh terhadap buruknya nilai UN Matematika SMA IPA di Indonesia tidak terbukti.
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS LANGUAGES AND MAINTENANCE OF HERITAGE LANGUAGES: A CASE STUDY OF PAPUAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Roostini Kasih Elisabet , Manara Christine 
Published: November 2021

Language shift may lead to language investment, and it may also affect language heritage maintenance. This case study aims to explore maintenance of language heritage among a group of Papuan students who are living in a school dormitory, away from their families. These 29 senior high school students are originally from different ethnic groups from several districts in Papua. A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview video-recorded for data collection were employed to find out the students’ attitudes towards languages and maintenance of heritage languages. The questionnaire was designed and developed by adapting the semi-structured interview questions designed by Berman et al. (2011). The data were analysed based on the aspects organised in the questionnaire and the results were compared with the findings of Berman et al.’s (2011), Ehala and Niglas’s (2006), and Nguyen’s (2018) studies. The result shows that there has been a language shift among these adolescents. Living among a community that is totally different from theirs has driven them to adapt and accept the language used in the community. Technology exposure at school has also affected their perspectives towards their future, which motivates them to invest in other languages that they think are important for their future career. Their positive attitudes towards other languages do not discourage them from maintaining their heritage language, as they perceive the use of heritage language as a way to stay connected with their own culture.
STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH ABSTRACTS IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL PUBLISHED IN 2020
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur 
Published: November 2021

<p>The objective of this research is to analyze the move structure of English abstracts published in the International Journal of Economics, Business, and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) in 2020. The result shows that 10 types of moves were used in 96 abstracts’ articles in the IJEBAR journal. The abstracts’ article used two, three, or four moves. The first type was M2-M3-M4 (Purpose-Method-Product/Result) which shows 3 moves. It consists of 49 articles (51.04 %). The second type is M1-M2-M3-M4 (Introduction-Purpose-Method-Product/Result) which shows 4 moves. It consists of 27 articles (28.13 %). The third type is M2-M3-M4-M5 (Purpose-Method-Product/Result-Conclusion) shows 4 moves. It consists of 6 articles (6.25 %). The fourth type is M1-M2-M4 (Introduction-Purpose-Product/Result) which shows 3 moves. It consists of 4 articles (4.17 %). The fifth type is M1-M2-M3-M4-M5 (Introduction-Purpose-Method-Product/Result-Conclusion) which shows 5 moves. It consists of 3 articles (3.12%). The sixth type is M1-M3-M4 (Introduction-Method-Product/Result) which shows 3 moves. It consists of 3 articles (3.12 %) The seventh type is M1-M4 (Introduction-Product/Result) which shows 2 moves. It consists of 1 article (1.04 %). The eighth type is M1-M3-M4-M5 (Introduction-Method-Product/Result-Conclusion) which shows 4 moves. It consists of 1 article (3.12 %). The ninth type is M2-M4 or Purpose-Product/Result which shows 2 moves. It consists of 1 article (1.04 %). The last type is M2-M5 (Purpose-Conclusion) which consists of 1 article (1.04 %). From the explanation above, it shows that the most frequent move uses 3 moves with type M2-M3-M4 or Purpose-Method-Product/Result.</p>