bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Emotion‐Oriented Care for Older People With ID: Defining and Understanding Intervention Components of a Person‐Centered Approach
Authors: Thalen Marloes , van Oorsouw Wietske M. W. J. , Volkers Karin M. , Taminiau Elsbeth F. , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn increase in descriptive evidence regarding person‐centered approaches for older people with intellectual disability (ID) is important, due to increased life expectancy and the present lack of sufficiently underpinned interventions. This is especially true of interventions designed to increase well‐being and quality of life. A specific Dutch example is the Integrated Emotion‐Oriented Care approach. Despite its status as a good practice, its effectiveness has not yet been proved, nor has descriptive evidence been made available. The primary aims of this qualitative study are to identify the intervention components, to provide demonstrative illustrations and to gain an in‐depth understanding of the use of these components in the day‐to‐day support of older people with ID. A content analysis of five key documents was carried out. Five semi‐structured interviews were then conducted with early adopters, followed by a concept mapping study with daily users. The final stage in the data collection process was a series of five focus‐group interviews with experts and experienced support staff. The five intervention components of Integrated Emotion‐Oriented Care for older people with ID have been systematically identified and described in detail in five narrative summaries drawn up in collaboration with early adopters, experts and experienced support staff. This study provides valuable insights that offer descriptive evidence for Integrated Emotion‐Oriented Care in the care for older people with ID. Both implications and possible opportunities for future research are discussed.
The diversification of the northern temperate woody flora – A case study of the Elm family (Ulmaceae) based on phylogenomic and paleobotanical evidence
Authors: Zhang Qiu‐Yue , Deng Min , Bouchenak‐Khelladi Yanis , Zhou Zhe‐Kun , Hu Guang‐Wan , Xing Yao‐Wu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUlmaceae is a woody family widespread in northern temperate forests. Despite the ecological importance of this family, its phylogeny and biogeographic history are poorly understood. In this study, we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the family and infer spatio‐temporal diversification patterns based on chloroplast genome (complete cpDNA) and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (nrDNA). The seven Ulmaceae genera are resolved in two main clades (temperate vs. tropical) by both cpDNA and nrDNA sequences. The temperate clade includes four genera, Hemiptelea, Zelkova, Planera, and Ulmus. The relationships among Planera and other genera are controversial because of inconsistent topologies between plastid and nuclear data. The tropical clade includes three genera ((Ampelocera, Phyllostylon), Holoptelea). Molecular dating and diversification analyses show that Ulmaceae originated in the Early Cretaceous (ca. 110–125 Ma) with the main lineages establishing from the Late Cretaceous to the early Eocene. The diversification rate slowed during the middle to the late Paleogene (ca. 23–45 Ma), followed by a rapid diversification of the East Asian temperate group in the Neogene, congruent with a global cooling event. The ancestral state optimization analysis suggests an East Asian origin of the temperate Ulmaceae clade during the Paleocene, which is consistent with the fossil record. Both phylogenomic and fossil evidence support East Asia as a center of origin and diversification for the temperate woody lineages.
Plastid and nuclear phylogenomic incongruences and biogeographic implications of Magnolia s.l. (Magnoliaceae)
Authors: Dong Shan‐Shan , Wang Ya‐Ling , Xia Nian‐He , Liu Yang , Liu Min , Lian Lian , Li Na , Li Ling‐Fei , Lang Xiao‐An , Gong Yi‐Qing , Chen Lu , Wu Ernest , Zhang Shou‐Zhou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagnoliaceae, an assemblage of early diverged angiosperms, comprises two subfamilies, speciose Magnolioideae with approximately 300 species in varying numbers of genera and monogeneric Liriodendroideae with two species in Liriodendron L. This family occupies a pivotal phylogenetic position with important insights into the diversification of early angiosperms, and shows intercontinentally disjunct distribution patterns between eastern Asia and the Americas. Widespread morphological homogeneity and slow substitution rates in Magnolia L. s.l. resulted in poorly supported phylogenetic relationships based on morphology or molecular evidence, which hampers our understanding of the genus’ temporal and spacial evolution. Here, based on the newly generated genome skimming data for 48 Magnolia s.l. species, we produced robust Magnolia phylogenies using genome‐wide markers from both plastid genomes and single nucleotide polymorphism data. Contrasting the plastid and nuclear phylogenies revealed extensive cytonuclear conflicts in both shallow and deep relationships. ABBA‐BABA and PhyloNet analyses suggested hybridization occurred within sect. Yulania, and sect. Magnolia, which is in concordance with the ploidy level of the species in these two sections. Divergence time estimates and biogeographic reconstruction indicated that the timing of the three tropical Magnolia disjunctions coincided with the mid‐Eocene cooling climate and/or late Eocene climate deterioration, and two temperate disjunctions occurred much later, possibly during the warm periods of the Miocene, hence supporting the boreotropical flora concept of Magnolia s.l.
To What Extent Does the Involvement Load Hypothesis Predict Incidental L2 Vocabulary Learning? A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yanagisawa Akifumi , Webb Stuart 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe involvement load hypothesis (ILH) was designed to predict the effectiveness of instructional tasks for incidental L2 vocabulary learning. In this meta‐analysis we examined 398 effect sizes from 42 empirical studies (N = 4,628) to explore (a) the overall predictive ability of the ILH, (b) the relative effects of different components of the ILH (need, search, and evaluation), and (c) the influence of potential factors moderating learning (e.g., time on task, frequency of encounters or use, and test format). Results showed that the ILH was significantly predictive of learning and explained 15.0% and 5.1% of the variance in effect sizes on immediate and delayed posttests, respectively. We found that the evaluation component contributed to the greatest amount of learning, followed by need, whereas search did not contribute to learning. Moderator analyses revealed that (a) test format and frequency moderated learning gains and (b) involvement load had a greater impact on learning than time on task.
Connecting high‐throughput biodiversity inventories: Opportunities for a site‐based genomic framework for global integration and synthesis
Authors: Arribas Paula , Andújar Carmelo , Bidartondo Martin I. , Bohmann Kristine , Coissac Éric , Creer Simon , deWaard Jeremy R. , Elbrecht Vasco , Ficetola Gentile F. , Goberna Marta , Kennedy Susan , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Leese Florian , Novotny Vojtech , Ronquist Fredrik , Yu Douglas W. , Zinger Lucie , Creedy Thomas J. , Meramveliotakis Emmanouil , Noguerales Víctor , Overcast Isaac , Morlon Hélène , Vogler Alfried P. , Papadopoulou Anna , Emerson Brent C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing (HTS) is increasingly being used for the characterization and monitoring of biodiversity. If applied in a structured way, across broad geographical scales, it offers the potential for a much deeper understanding of global biodiversity through the integration of massive quantities of molecular inventory data generated independently at local, regional and global scales. The universality, reliability and efficiency of HTS data can potentially facilitate the seamless linking of data among species assemblages from different sites, at different hierarchical levels of diversity, for any taxonomic group and regardless of prior taxonomic knowledge. However, collective international efforts are required to optimally exploit the potential of site‐based HTS data for global integration and synthesis, efforts that at present are limited to the microbial domain. To contribute to the development of an analogous strategy for the nonmicrobial terrestrial domain, an international symposium entitled “Next Generation Biodiversity Monitoring” was held in November 2019 in Nicosia (Cyprus). The symposium brought together evolutionary geneticists, ecologists and biodiversity scientists involved in diverse regional and global initiatives using HTS as a core tool for biodiversity assessment. In this review, we summarize the consensus that emerged from the 3‐day symposium. We converged on the opinion that an effective terrestrial Genomic Observatories network for global biodiversity integration and synthesis should be spatially led and strategically united under the umbrella of the metabarcoding approach. Subsequently, we outline an HTS‐based strategy to collectively build an integrative framework for site‐based biodiversity data generation.
Population genomics in the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti reveals the genomic architecture and evolution of endogenous viral elements
Authors: Crava Cristina M. , Varghese Finny S. , Pischedda Elisa , Halbach Rebecca , Palatini Umberto , Marconcini Michele , Gasmi Leila , Redmond Seth , Afrane Yaw , Ayala Diego , Paupy Christophe , Carballar‐Lejarazu Rebeca , Miesen Pascal , van Rij Ronald P. , Bonizzoni Mariangela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer from viruses to eukaryotic cells is a pervasive phenomenon. Somatic viral integrations are linked to persistent viral infection whereas integrations into germline cells are maintained in host genomes by vertical transmission and may be co‐opted for host functions. In the arboviral vector Aedes aegypti, an endogenous viral element from a nonretroviral RNA virus (nrEVE) was shown to produce PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to limit infection with a cognate virus. Thus, nrEVEs may constitute a heritable, sequence‐specific mechanism for antiviral immunity, analogous to piRNA‐mediated silencing of transposable elements. Here, we combine population genomics and evolutionary approaches to analyse the genomic architecture of nrEVEs in A. aegypti. We conducted a genome‐wide screen for adaptive nrEVEs and searched for novel population‐specific nrEVEs in the genomes of 80 individual wild‐caught mosquitoes from five geographical populations. We show a dynamic landscape of nrEVEs in mosquito genomes and identified five novel nrEVEs derived from two currently circulating viruses, providing evidence of the environmental‐dependent modification of a piRNA cluster. Overall, our results show that virus endogenization events are complex with only a few nrEVEs contributing to adaptive evolution in A. aegypti.
Before the scalpel: Exploring surgical residents' preoperative preparatory strategies
Authors: Cadieux Danielle C. , Mishra Anuradha , Goldszmidt Mark A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to increase understanding of preoperative preparatory strategies utilised by senior surgical residents and identify how social and material forces come together to shape practice.Summary/Background DataPreoperative preparation can play a powerful role in operative learning. Residents rarely receive guidance, feedback, or explicit expectations on how to prepare for the OR. Understanding current practice and how to support preoperative preparation represents an important gap in our efforts to improve surgical training.MethodsConstructivist grounded theory with sensitizing concepts from sociomateriality guided data collection and analysis. Fifteen senior surgical residents from a range of surgical disciplines were purposefully sampled and participated in an in‐depth individual interview. Two return‐of‐finding focus groups followed with seven residents. Rigor was enhanced through constant comparison, theoretical sampling, pursuit of discrepant data, and investigator triangulation.ResultsResidents utilised a range of strategies addressing four areas of focus: develop technical skills, improve procedural knowledge, enhance patient‐specificity, and know surgical preferences. However, residents also described receiving limited guidance on what it means to ‘be prepared’ and experience significant challenges in achieving preparedness. A mix of social and material things that enabled or constrained preparatory efforts influenced individual strategies. These included rotation structure, relationships, the OR list, and time.ConclusionsOur findings offer possible solutions by elaborating on preparatory variability and considerations for residents, faculty, and programs to improve practice. As a first step, we suggest programs begin to engage in explicit dialogue and reflection with their residents, faculty, and residency program committees.
Seizure activity and brain damage in a model of focal non‐convulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Vila Verde Diogo , Zimmer Till , Cattalini Alessandro , Pereira Marlene F. , van Vliet Erwin A. , Testa Giuseppe , Gnatkovsky Vadym , Aronica Eleonora , de Curtis Marco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsFocal non‐convulsive status epilepticus (FncSE) is a common emergency condition that may present as the first epileptic manifestation. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that de novo FncSE should be promptly treated to improve post‐status outcome. Whether seizure activity occurring during the course of the FncSE contributes to ensuing brain damage has not been demonstrated unequivocally and is here addressed.MethodsWe used continuous video‐EEG monitoring to characterise an acute experimental FncSE model induced by unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) in guinea pigs. Immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis were utilised to detect and quantify brain injury, 3‐days and 1‐month after FncSE.ResultsSeizure activity occurring during the course of FncSE involved both hippocampi equally. Neuronal loss, blood‐brain barrier permeability changes, gliosis and up‐regulation of inflammation, activity‐induced and astrocyte‐specific genes were observed in the KA‐injected hippocampus. Diazepam treatment reduced FncSE duration and KA‐induced neuropathological damage. In the contralateral hippocampus, transient and possibly reversible gliosis with increase of aquaporin‐4 and Kir4.1 genes were observed 3 days post‐KA. No tissue injury and gene expression changes were found 1‐month after FncSE.ConclusionsIn our model, focal seizures occurring during FncSE worsen ipsilateral KA‐induced tissue damage. FncSE only transiently activated glia in regions remote from KA‐injection, suggesting that seizure activity during FncSE without local pathogenic co‐factors does not promote long‐lasting detrimental changes in the brain. These findings demonstrate that in our experimental model, brain damage remains circumscribed to the area where the primary cause (KA) of the FncSE acts. Our study emphasises the need to use antiepileptic drugs to contain local damage induced by focal seizures that occur during FncSE.
TiRobot‐Assisted Percutaneous Cannulated Screw Fixation in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures: A Minimum 2‐Year Follow‐up of 50 Patients
Authors: Zhu Zong‐dong , Xiao Cheng‐wei , Tan Bo , Tang Xiao‐ming , Wei Dan , Yuan Jia‐bin , Hu Jiang , Feng Liao 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the long‐term clinical efficacy of TiRobot‐assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fractures.MethodsThis retrospective study included 50 patients with unilateral femoral neck fractures who were treated with TiRobot‐assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation from September 2017 to May 2018. After at least 2 years of follow‐up, the results of treatment, including operation duration, frequency of fluoroscopy use, intraoperative bleeding, hospital stay, medical expense, screw placement accuracy, rate of fracture healing and necrosis of the femoral head, and Harris hip scores at the last follow up, were recorded and compared with those of 83 matched patients who underwent conventional manual positioning surgery.ResultsThe TiRobot group had longer operation duration (83.3 ± 31.2 min vs 44.1 ± 14.8 min) and higher medical expenses (28,407.1 ± 7498.0 yuan vs 22,672.3 ± 4130.3 yuan) than the conventional group. The TiRobot group had significantly less intraoperative bleeding (11.3 ± 7.3 mL vs 51.6 ± 40.4 mL) and shorter hospital stay (8.6 ± 2.8 days vs 11.1 ± 3.41 days) than the conventional group. Screw parallelism (1.32° ± 1.85° vs 2.54° ± 2.99° on anteroposterior radiograph; 1.42° ± 2.25° vs 3.09° ± 3.63° on lateral radiograph) and distance between screws (58.44 ± 10.52 mm vs 39.69 ± 12.17 mm) were significantly improved. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the use of fluoroscopy (40.1 ± 28.5 times vs 38.6 ± 21.0 times) and Harris hip scores at the last follow‐up (93.2 ± 10.3 points vs 88.4 ± 11.9 points). Two cannulated screws penetrated the femoral head during manual insertion in the conventional group but not in the TiRobot group. The rate of nonunion and necrosis of the femoral head in the TiRobot group was reduced compared with that in the conventional group (0 vs 7.2%; 6.0% vs 24.1%).ConclusionTiRobot‐assisted percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of femoral neck fractures is accurate and minimally invasive and helps in reducing late complications, particularly necrosis of the femoral head and nonunion of fractures.
Beyond co‐production: Value creation and public services
Authors: Osborne Stephen P. , Nasi Greta , Powell Madeline 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper argues for the need to go beyond appreciating co‐production as a stand‐alone process. Rather it offers a holistic model of value creation for public services, by integrating insights from both the public administration and management and the service management and marketing literatures. The components of this model are the loci, elements, and processes of value creation. Co‐production is located within this model but only as one process, not as the pre‐eminent one. The implications of this new model for public management theory and practice are explored.
A comparison of cannula insufflation device performance for emergency front of neck airway
Authors: Mann Caroline M , Baker Paul A , Sainsbury David M , Taylor Richard 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPediatric emergency front of neck airway guidelines recommend oxygenation via cannula cricothyroidotomy or tracheotomy.AimThe primary aim was to measure test lung pressures and volumes generated by cannula insufflation devices recommended for emergency front of neck airway compared with a pressure limit of 50 cm H2O and volume limit of 20 ml/kg. The secondary aim was to calculate pressure and volume variability. The primary end point was test lung expansion.MethodAdult, child, and infant airway models, each with three degrees of upper airway obstruction, were oxygenated using six cannula insufflation devices: 3‐way stopcock, Rapid‐O2, Manujet, Enk oxygen flow modulator, Ventrain, and self‐inflating bags. Test lung pressures and volumes were recorded.ResultsPressures and volumes from all devices were highly variable, despite oxygen flow calibration and strict adherence to oxygen insufflation protocols. With upper airway occlusion, pressures >50 cm H20 were produced by Rapid‐O2 and Enk oxygen flow meter in adult and infant lungs, 3‐way stopcock in adult and child lungs, and Manujet in all lung sizes. Ventrain produced acceptable pressures <35 cm H2O in all models.Test lung volumes >20 ml/kg were recorded in airway models with fully obstructed proximal airways using Rapid‐O2 and Enk oxygen flow meter in infant lungs, and Manujet in all lung sizes. Rapid‐O2 produced lung volumes >20 ml/kg in the infant model with partially obstructed and open upper airways. Test lung volumes >20 ml/kg were produced by the 3‐way stopcock in adult, child, and infant models. Insufflation was unsuccessful with the self‐inflating bag. Ventrain produced acceptable volumes <7 ml/kg in all airway models.ConclusionRapid‐O2, Enkoxygen flow meter, Manujet, and 3‐way stopcock oxygenation devices produced highly variable and excessive airway pressures and volumes in models with obstructed upper airways. Self‐inflating bag insufflation was unsuccessful. Ventrain was the only device that insufflated oxygen with acceptable pressures and volumes in adult, child, and infant airway models with any degree of airway obstruction.
Influence of Rose Bengal Dimerization on Photosensitization
Authors: Mendes Bryan , Kassumeh Stefan , Aguirre‐Soto Alan , Pei Qing , Heyne Belinda , Kochevar Irene E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProtein crosslinking photosensitized by rose Bengal (RB2−) has multiple medical applications and understanding the photosensitization mechanism can improve treatment effectiveness. To this end, we investigated the photochemical efficiencies of monomeric RB2− (RBM2−) and dimeric RB2− (RBD2−) and the optimal pH for anaerobic RB2− photosensitization in cornea. Absorption spectra and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were used to estimate the fractions of RBM2− and RBD2−. RB2− self‐photosensitized bleaching was used to evaluate the photoactivity of RBM2− and RBD2−. The pH dependence of anaerobic RB2− photosensitization was evaluated in ex vivo rabbit corneas. The 549 nm/515 nm absorption ratio indicated that concentrations > 0.10 mm RB contained RBD2−. Results from DLS gave estimated mean diameters for RBM2− and RBD2− of 0.70 ± 0.02 nm and 1.75 ± 0.13 nm, respectively, and indicated that 1 mm RB2− contained equal fractions of RBM2− and RBD2−. Quantum yields for RB2− bleaching were not influenced by RBD2− in RB2− solutions although accounting for RB2− concentration effects on the reaction kinetics demonstrated that RBD2− is not a photosensitizer. Optimal anaerobic photosensitization occurred at pH 8.5 for solutions containing 200 mm Arg. These results suggest potential approaches to optimizing RBM2−‐photosensitized protein crosslinking in tissues.
Can smart nutrient applications optimize the plant's hidden half to improve drought resistance?
Authors: Bardhan Kirti , York Larry M. , Hasanuzzaman Mirza , Parekh Vipulkumar , Jena Suchismita , Pandya Mansi N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobal agriculture is challenged with achieving sustainable food security while the climate changes and the threat of drought increases. Much of the research attention has focused on above‐ground plant responses with an aim to improve drought resistance. The hidden half, that is, the root system belowground, is receiving increasing attention as the interface of the plant with the soil. Because roots are a sensing organ for nutrients and moisture, we speculate that crop root system traits can be managed using smart nutrient application in order to increase drought resistance. Roots are known to be influenced both by their underlying genetics and also by responses to the environment, termed root plasticity. Though very little is known about the combined effect of water and nutrients on root plasticity, we explore the possibilities of root system manipulation by nutrient application. We compare the effects of different water or nutrient levels on root plasticity and its genetic regulation, with a focus on how this may affect drought resistance. We propose four primary mechanisms through which smart nutrient management can optimize root traits for drought resistance: (1) overall plant vigor, (2) increased root allocation, (3) influence specific root traits, and (4) use smart placement and timing to encourage deep rooting. In the longer term, we envision that beneficial root traits, including plasticity, could be bred into efficient varieties and combined with advanced precision management of water and nutrients to achieve agricultural sustainability.