bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food insecurity, food skills, health literacy and food preparation activities among young Canadian adults: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Pepetone Alexandra , Vanderlee Lana , White Christine M , Hammond David , Kirkpatrick Sharon I 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:To assess associations between household food security status and indicators of food skills, health literacy and home meal preparation, among young Canadian adults.Design:Cross-sectional data were analysed using logistic regression and general linear models to assess associations between food security status and food skills, health literacy and the proportion of meals prepared at home, by gender.Setting:Participants recruited from five Canadian cities (Vancouver (BC), Edmonton (AB), Toronto (ON), Montreal (QB) and Halifax (NS)) completed an online survey.Participants:1389 men and 1340 women aged 16–30 years.Results:Self-reported food skills were not associated with food security status (P > 0·05) among men or women. Compared to those with high health literacy (based on interpretation of a nutrition label), higher odds of food insecurity were observed among men (adjusted OR (AOR): 2·58, 95 % CI 1·74, 3·82 and 1·56, 95 % CI 1·07, 2·28) and women (AOR: 2·34, 95 % CI 1·48, 3·70 and 1·92, 95 % CI 1·34, 2·74) with lower health literacy. Women in food-insecure households reported preparing a lower proportion of breakfasts (β = −0·051, 95 % CI −0·085, −0·017), lunches (β = −0·062, 95 % CI −0·098, −0·026) and total meals at home (β = −0·041, 95 % CI −0·065, −0·016). Men and women identifying as Black or Indigenous, reporting financial difficulty and with lower levels of education had heightened odds of experiencing food insecurity.Conclusions:Findings are consistent with other studies underscoring the financial precarity, rather than lack of food skills, associated with food insecurity. This precarity may reduce opportunities to apply health literacy and undertake meal preparation.
Games prisoners do not play: against the Hobbes-Zimbardo approach of unmitigated prison violence
Authors: Kaminski Marek M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
I analyze institutions of prison subculture that mitigate potential violent confrontations among inmates, in contrast to Hobbesian-Zimbardo default spontaneous violence. The games that are relatively rarely played in prison are Chicken and other violent confrontation games. Incoming rookie inmates are subject to initiation tests that allocate them into different subcultural groups, which signals their toughness and disincentivizes fighting. Most experienced inmates develop the eristic skills utilizing prison argot, use informal conflict adjudicators, and fake aggression toward rookies. All inmates form defensive coalitions. Finally, when inmates commit self-injuries, they follow well-rehearsed protocols to minimize the damage to their bodies and to maximize the impression made on the authorities. The secret knowledge of the associated rules, tricks, and cons is passed down over generations of prisoners through informal schooling. The material for this study comes from two Polish prisons, where the author spent 5 months as a political prisoner in 1985.
Mammillary body injury in neonatal encephalopathy: a multicentre, retrospective study
Authors: Lequin Maarten. H. , Steggerda Sylke. J. , Severino Mariasavina , Tortora Domenico , Parodi Alessandro , Ramenghi Luca A. , Groenendaal Floris , Meys Karlijn M. E. , Benders Manon J. N. L. , de Vries Linda S. , Vann Seralynne D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The mammillary bodies (MBs) have repeatedly been shown to be critical for memory, yet little is known about their involvement in numerous neurological conditions linked to memory impairments, including neonatal encephalopathy.

Methods
We implemented a multicentre retrospective study, assessing magnetic resonance scans of 219 infants with neonatal encephalopathy who had undergone hypothermia treatment in neonatal intensive care units located in the Netherlands and Italy.

Results
Abnormal MB signal was observed in ~40% of infants scanned; in half of these cases, the brain appeared otherwise normal. MB involvement was not related to the severity of encephalopathy or the pattern/severity of hypoxic–ischaemic brain injury. Follow-up scans were available for 18 cases with abnormal MB signal; in eight of these cases, the MBs appeared severely atrophic.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of assessing the status of the MBs in neonatal encephalopathy; this may require changes to scanning protocols to ensure that the slices are sufficiently thin to capture the MBs. Furthermore, long-term follow-up of infants with abnormal MB signal is needed to determine the effects on cognition, which may enable the use of early intervention strategies. Further research is needed to assess the role of therapeutic hypothermia in MB involvement in neonatal encephalopathy.

Impact

The MBs are particularly sensitive to hypoxia in neonates.

Current hypothermia treatment provides incomplete protection against MB injury.

MB involvement is likely overlooked as it can often occur when the rest of the brain appears normal.

Given the importance of the MBs for memory, it is necessary that this region is properly assessed in neonatal encephalopathy. This may require improvements in scanning protocols.
Downregulation of XBP1 protects kidney against ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing HRD1-mediated NRF2 ubiquitylation
Authors: Zhang Ji , Zhang Jiasi , Ni Haiqiang , Wang Yanfeng , Katwal Gaurav , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Kailun , Wang Mengqin , Li Qingwen , Chen Gen , Miao Yun , Gong Nianqiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion (IR) injury to the renal epithelia is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondria dysfunction, which lead to oxidative stress-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), an ERS response protein, could play a prominent role in IR-induced AKI. In this study, we revealed that XBP1 and its downstream target HRD1 participated in the crosstalk between ERS and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulation of NRF2/HO-1-mediated reactive oxidative stress (ROS) signaling. Mice with reduced expression of XBP1 (heterozygous Xbp1±) were resistant to IR-induced AKI due to the enhanced expression of NRF2/HO-1 and diminished ROS in the kidney. Downregulation of XBP1 in renal epithelial cells resulted in reduced HRD1 expression and increased NRF2/HO-1 function, accompanied with enhanced antioxidant response. Furthermore, HRD1 served as an E3-ligase to facilitate the downregulation of NRF2 through ubiquitination-degradation pathway, and the QSLVPDI motif on NRF2 constituted an active site for its interaction with HRD1. Thus, our findings unveil an important physiological role for XBP1/HRD1 in modulating the antioxidant function of NRF2/HO-1 in the kidney under stress conditions. Molecular therapeutic approaches that target XBP1-HRD1-NRF2 pathway may represent potential effective means to treat renal IR injury.
A CCHFV DNA vaccine protects against heterologous challenge and establishes GP38 as immunorelevant in mice
Authors: Suschak John J. , Golden Joseph W. , Fitzpatrick Collin J. , Shoemaker Charles J. , Badger Catherine V. , Schmaljohn Connie S. , Garrison Aura R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. Currently, no licensed CCHF vaccines exist, and the protective epitopes remain unclear. Previously, we tested a DNA vaccine expressing the M-segment glycoprotein precursor gene of the laboratory CCHFV strain IbAr 10200 (CCHFV-M10200). CCHFV-M10200 provided >60% protection against homologous CCHFV-IbAr 10200 challenge in mice. Here, we report that increasing the dose of CCHFV-M10200 provides complete protection from homologous CCHFV challenge in mice, and significant (80%) protection from challenge with the clinically relevant heterologous strain CCHFV-Afg09-2990. We also report complete protection from CCHFV-Afg09-2990 challenge following vaccination with a CCHFV-Afg09-2990 M-segment DNA vaccine (CCHFV-MAfg09). Finally, we show that the non-structural M-segment protein, GP38, influences CCHF vaccine immunogenicity and provides significant protection from homologous CCHFV challenge. Our results demonstrate that M-segment DNA vaccines elicit protective CCHF immunity and further illustrate the immunorelevance of GP38.
Orbital-hybridization-created optical excitations in Li2GeO3
Authors: Dien Vo Khuong , Pham Hai Duong , Tran Ngoc Thanh Thuy , Han Nguyen Thi , Huynh Thi My Duyen , Nguyen Thi Dieu Hien , Fa-Lin Ming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe three-dimensional ternary Li2GeO3 compound presents various unusual essential properties. The main features are thoroughly explored from the first-principles calculations. The concise pictures, the critical orbital hybridizations in Li–O and Ge–O bonds, are clearly examined through the optimal geometric structure, the atom-dominated electronic energy spectrum, the spatial charge densities, the atom and orbital-decomposed van Hove singularities, and the strong optical responses. The unusual optical transitions cover the red-shift optical gap, various frequency-dependent absorption structures and the most prominent plasmon mode in terms of the dielectric functions, energy loss functions, reflectance spectra, and absorption coefficients. Optical excitations, depending on the directions of electric polarization, are strongly affected by excitonic effects. The close combinations of electronic and optical properties can identify a significant orbital hybridization for each available excitation channel. The developed theoretical framework will be very useful in fully understanding the diverse phenomena of other emergent materials.
Seltenere, aber klinisch relevante episodische Schwindelsyndrome
Authors: Becker-Bense Sandra , Huppert Doreen 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Differentialdiagnostik der selteneren, episodischen Schwindelsyndrome kann im klinischen Alltag eine Herausforderung darstellen, insbesondere wenn sie keine im Intervall messbaren Befunde in der neuro-ophthalmologischen oder -otologischen Routinediagnostik hinterlassen. Ursächlich für diese episodischen Schwindelsyndrome können physiologische Reaktionen aufgrund intersensorischer Inkongruenzen oder angeborene bzw. erworbene neuroanatomische/neurophysiologische Varianten sein, die zu vestibulären Reizsyndromen führen. In dieser Übersicht fokussieren wir auf die folgenden, aus unserer Sicht wichtigen vestibulären Syndrome: Bewegungskrankheit, Mal de Debarquement Syndrom, Visuelle Höhenintoleranz, Vestibularisparoxysmie, Zervikaler Schwindel, Episodische Ataxie Typ II und Syndrome eines dritten mobilen Fensters wie das Syndrom der Dehiszenz des superioren Bogengangs. Die Ausprägung reicht von milden Symptomen mit geringer Belastung bis hin zu schweren Krankheitsbildern mit relevanter Alltagseinschränkung. Sie können vom Kindes- oder Jugendalter bis ins Senium auftreten, teilweise mit abweichender Symptomatik. Durch gezielte Anamnese und ggf. erweiterte vestibuläre Diagnostik in einem spezialisierten Zentrum lassen sich diese Syndrome oft klar herausarbeiten und einer erfolgreichen Therapie zuführen.
Residual resistance ratio as indicator for the influence of impurities on fixed-point temperatures
Authors: Fellmuth Bernd , Gaiser Christof 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The component caused by the influence of impurities often dominates the uncertainty budgets of realisations of temperature fixed points. The Consultative Committee for Thermometry recommended, therefore, in section 2.1 Fixed Points: Influence of Impurities of the Guide to the Realization of the ITS-90 (www.bipm.org) two methods for estimating this component. One is based on summing up the individual effects of all relevant impurities. This method causes huge efforts. The second one requires a reliable information on the overall impurity concentration, which is usually not supplied by the producers of the fixed-point materials. In the paper, it is analysed if the determination of the residual resistance ratio r
0 can aid in getting the required information [r
0 means the ratio of the electrical resistivities ρ at a sufficiently low temperature and at 293 K, usually r
0 = ρ(4.2 K)/ρ(293 K)]. The crucial criterion is the sensitivity of r
0 for the influence of an impurity on the fixed-point temperature, i.e. the magnitude of the derivative dT
l/dr
0 of the liquidus-line temperature T
l with respect to r
0. As examples, the developed methodology is applied to three fixed points of the ITS-90, namely the freezing points of indium, zinc, and aluminium. It can be shown that the use of r
0 can reduce the number of impurities, for which the effortful determination of the individual concentrations is necessary, by an order of magnitude, namely to about 10 or below.
Intrusion Detection System for Cloud Based Software-Defined Networks
Authors: Ibrahim Omar Jamal , Bhaya Wesam S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Software-Defined Networks is a programmable network architecture for the cloud programmable control plane, decoupled from its data plane, offers new possibilities for creative security measures for overall visibility of the status network. This paper leverages these capabilities of SDN and presents the software-enabled Intrusion Detection System (IDS) architecture using the consideration of SDN. It combines the advantages of machine learning with IDS to ensure a high detection rate and protect the network from attacks. The Python script was utilized the Mininet emulator to create a virtual network. Also, it has been used as an Open Daylight software as an SDN controller hosted at a Google cloud. The proposed IDS uses a Grid Search technique with Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detect anomaly of attack. The proposed work was trained on UNSW-NB15 and NSL-KDD datasets. The results show that the proposed system offers a high detection rate. With the proposed machine learning model, the detection rate becomes more than 99.8 percent of accuracy. The results show positive progress in detecting almost all possible network attacks in the SDN-based cloud environment.
An Analytical Study to Evaluate Iraqi Construction Sector Readiness to Manage Post-Disaster Reconstruction
Authors: Al-Qaicy Surra Talal , Breesam Hatem Khaleefah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The research aims to conduct an analytical study for Iraqi construction sector to examine the extent of readiness to implement campaigns for post-disaster reconstruction, especially after war disasters. Wars cause massive disasters and great devastation for all sectors, especially to the construction sector. Post-disaster reconstruction after wars become a critical topic for many countries, especially developing ones. The Iraqi construction sector witnessed great destruction in large parts of it due to the last wars in 2014, which resulted in the destruction of many areas and a significant deterioration in infrastructure. Through literary reviews of studies related to the research topic, the researcher will determine the critical success factors for disaster management and devise measures to be taken to be suitable for their application in the reconstruction of the Iraqi construction sector. various terms such as risk management, Stakeholder Management and supply chain management were investigated. In addition to exploring various aspects of disaster management to better understand it, for example, the classification of disasters and the stages of disaster management. Project management principles are discovered for the commitments of this research as well as opinions of experts working in Iraqi construction sector to investigate the suitable action plans for post disaster reconstruction management system. The consequences of this research are used to provide a better understanding of reconstruction mechanisms as well as a comprehensive assessment of the readiness of the Iraqi construction sector.
Cubic ideals of semigroup in KU-algebra
Authors: Kareem Fatema F. , Hasan Omniat Adnan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study of the concept of a cubic set of a semigroup in KU-algebra. Firstly, we study a cubic sub KU-semigroup and achieve some results in this notion. And then, we get a relation between a cubic sub KU-semi group and a level set of a cubic set. Moreover, we define some cubic ideals of this structure and we found relationships between these ideals.
2010 AMS Classification. 08A72, 03G25, 06F35
Solving Fractional Coupled EW and Coupled MEW Equations Using Bernstein Collocation Method
Authors: Mohammad Susan H. , Al-Rawi Ekhlass S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with approximation solution for coupled of space-time-fractional of both the equal width wave equation(FCEWE) and the modified equal width wave equation (FCMEWE) using Bernstein polynomials with collocation method and employing the Caputo definition for fractional derivatives. The method reduces the coupled system to a system of algebraic equations which is simple in handling and gives the best results.
Proposed CG method to solve unconstrained optimization problems
Authors: Wasi H. A. , Shiker M. A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Conjugate Gradient (CG) method of unconstrained optimization algorithms possesses good properties like less requirement memory and global convergence properties. Many modified algorithms have been made to this method, as well as new suggestions for its work to obtain the best results. In this article, a modified of conjugate gradient method is introduced, so that global convergence was smoothly proven, and the numerical results of the proposed method were compared with other methods, and the results were better in its general form, this confirms the strength, durability, and effectiveness of the proposed new method.
Flow Optimization in Dynamic Networks on Time Scales
Authors: Abraheim Ahmed Kamil , Jaber Ali K. , Al-Salih Rasheed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Network flow optimization has a wide range of real world applications such as in transportation, in electric, in civil engineering, in industrial engineering and in communication networks and so on. In the minimum cost network flow model, the goal is to find the values of the decisions variables that minimize the total cost of flows over the given network. In this work, a new formulation of flow optimization in dynamic networks using time scales approach has been presented. The continuous network model and the quantum case model are also obtained as special cases. The formulation has been given for both dynamic models and time scales models. Moreover, the new approach provides the exact optimal solution for this type of optimization problems. Furthermore, a new version of some duality theorems for time scales flow optimization in dynamic networks has been introduced.
Some results on Best proximity in geodesic spaces
Authors: Jassim Khalid Abed , Abed Salwa Salman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Eldred and Veeramani have proved the existence and uniqueness of best proximity for contraction cyclic contraction mapping in uniformly convex banach spaces. In this paper, Eldred and Veeramani study is extended to geodesic spaces particularly in CAT(0) spaces, prove the sequences (x<sub>2n</sub>) and (x<sub>2n+1)</sub> are Cauchy sequences and prove the existenace and uniqueness of best proximity point for contraction cyclic mapping in CAT(0) spaces.
New Fabrication (PVA-PVP-C. B) Nanocomposites: Structural and Electrical Properties
Authors: Abid Ali A. , Al-nesrawy Sameer H. , Abdulridha Ali R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this present study, polymer blend (PVA-PVP)-Carbon black (C. B N375) nanocomposites have been investigated. The (PVA-PVP-C. B) nanocomposites are organized by via casting procedure. The optical microscope, FTIR and electrical properties have been studied. The constant of dielectric with the dielectric loss of the samples were reduced with increasing the value of frequency during the application of electric field, while an increasing in the A. C electrical conductivity results existed with the rising the value of the frequency. The electrical conductivity (A. C), dielectric loss and constant of all the samples were increased with the increasing of the carbon black concentrations.
Environment of Car Service Centers in Iraq. Its benefits? The most important problems field study on the reality of the services they provide
Authors: Rahim Ahmad Ibrahem , Fareq Tareq , Abulrahman Luqman Qader , Bakr Hoba Hameed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
After a significant increase in the need of the preparation of cars in Iraq, the suffering of the owners with the faults and the services are not as acceptable by the car owners. A number of countries in the world has been established a huge number of service centers especially in large cities. This is to make the repairing and maintenance of cars easier, Statistics show that the service centers were not at the level of assessment, especially according to environmental pollution and the requirement of manpower. With regard to the high prices of spare parts and over-estimation of the repair process and lack of interest in the environment in general of the most important problems of maintenance centers, in addition to the difficulty of booking an appointment for maintenance, there are large agencies have a large share of the sale of cars in the market and have special centers in maintenance do not want In the maintenance of their cars in any unattached center and this is a big problem. There are not enough service centers to accommodate large numbers of cars. Once the customer goes to the service center to solve a simple problem, it does not need a lot of time that they are spending in today’s service centers. If want to change oil or filter of the car takes 10 minutes while needs a lot of time when trying to change it in service center. Because of this it will affect in raising the price of fixing the car for administrative expenses, dismantling, installation, and sales taxes.
Deep Learning Algorithms based Voiceprint Recognition System in Noisy Environment
Authors: Khdier Hajer Y. , Jasim Wesam M. , Aliesawi Salah A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Voiceprint Recognition (VPR) is the mechanism by which a user’s so-called identity is determined using characteristics taken from their voice, where this-technique is one of the world’s most useful and common biometric recognition techniques particularly the fields-relevant to security. These can be used for authentication, monitoring, forensic identification of speakers, and a variety of related activities. In this work, an attempt is applied to create a system that recognizes human speaker identity using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Two methods are used in this work which are MFCC-CNN and RW-CNN. The first method is standard method using MFCC, to use the features in the audio, where these features are will be entered into CNN to perform a process. The training CNN will take input as a picture and then the process of training via the proposed CNN is beginning. The second method, RW-CNN, the same steps as the first method, but without going through the MFCC phases where direct entry to CNN. In which, the same CNN structure was used in both methods. In this work, a 96% accuracy gained for both RW-CNN and MFCC-CNN. Both methods are similar in their results, either with or without noise, but the performance is mixed. This system can deep learn a large amount of human voices with high accuracy and minimum processes requirement.