bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Fuzzy PI-LADRC Combined Control Strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motorized Spindle
Authors: Wentao Shan , Yun Zhiheng , Bai Guomeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the vector control scheme of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motorized spindle, to solve the problem of poor speed regulation performance of spindle under high-speed operation conditions, according to the principle of double closed-loop vector control, the characteristics of speed loop and current loop are analyzed, and fuzzy theory is introduced to optimize the traditional speed loop PI controller, furthermore the system parameters are adjusted in real time. Aiming at improving the dynamic response ability of the control system, a first-order linear active disturbance rejection controller is proposed to replace the traditional current loop PI controller, which enhances the anti-interference ability of the system. Experimental results show that the fuzzy PI-LADRC combined control strategy can effectively reduce stator current ripple and torque ripple, and improve the dynamic response speed and anti-interference ability of the system. At last can also improve the output performance of the motorized spindle.
Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions in China's Municipalities: A LMDI Approach
Authors: Liu Yuanxin , Jiang Yajing , Liu Hui , Li Bo , Yuan Jia-hai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
China, as the world’s largest carbon dioxide emitter, is bound to assume the important responsibility of energy conservation and emission reduction. To this end, each city, led by representative municipalities directly under the Central Government, must enhance efforts in carbon emission reduction to jointly realize China’s low-carbon transition. Taking four representative municipalities, namely, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing as the case cities, this paper establishes a decomposition analysis for the driving factors of carbon emissions by applying the LMDI method covering data from 2007 to 2017. Kaya identity is used to decompose the effects into eight driving factors: GDP effect, industrial structure effect, energy intensity effect, overall energy structure effect, population effect, urbanization effect, per capita energy consumption effect, urban and rural energy structure effect. The results show that at the municipality level, the driving factors that promote the growth of carbon emissions are the GDP growth effect and the population effect, with the former still being the most important factor in the municipalities with faster economic growth; and industrial structure effect is the most important factor that inhibits the growth of carbon emissions, followed by energy structure effect. The paper thereby puts forward policy implications for China's economic policies.
The Institutional Logic of Digitalism: Exploring The Aftermath of Large-Scale Technology In Healthcare Organisations
Authors: Kjekshus Lars Erik , Bygstad Bendik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Healthcare organisations experience organisational difficulties and inertia in the implementation of large-scale information and communication technology (ICT). The ongoing discussion concerns the full understanding of these changes and the interplay between ICT, innovation and organisational change.Methods: We introduce ‘digitalism’ as a new institutional logic in healthcare organisations, alongside managerialism and professionalism. To develop our argument, we combine organisational and institutional logic theory with information systems research into enterprise architecture and large-scale ICT systems. We illustrate our arguments with a multi-source case study of a process of organisational development before and after the implementation of centralised large-scale ICT systems at a large Norwegian university hospital in 2015. Conclusion: Understanding of digitalism, blending and competing with traditional institutional logics in healthcare organisations, gives insight into how large-scale technology and organisations are tied together and can contribute to effective healthcare management and prevent organisational inertia.
Biodegradation of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate by Novel Rhodococcus Aetherivorans PFS1 Strain Isolated From Paddy Field Soil
Authors: Kamaraj Yoganathan , Subramaniyan Satheeshkumar , Punamalai Ganesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is the phthalate ester frequently utilized as a plasticizer, commonly found in cosmetics, packaging materials, moreover, it has carcinogenic and mutagenic effect on humans. In the current study, we isolated the soil bacterium Rhodococcus aetherivorans PFS1 and to assess its DEHP degradation ability in various environmental conditions. The strain PFS1 was isolated from paddy field soil and identified by the 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. The strain PFS1 was examined for its biodegradation ability of DEHP at various pH, temperature, salt concentration, glucose concentration, and high and low concentration of DEHP. Moreover, the biodegradation of DEHP at a contaminated soil environment by strain PFS1 was assessed. Further, the metabolic pathway of DEHP degradation by PFS1 was analyzed by HPLC-MS analysis. The results showed that the strain PFS1 effectively degraded the DEHP at neutral pH and temperature 30 °C, moreover, expressed excellent DEHP degradation at the high salt concentration (up to 50 g/L). The strain PFS1 was efficiently degraded the different tested phthalate esters (PAEs) up to 90%. Significantly removed the DEHP contamination in soil along with native organisms which are present in soil up to 94.66%, nevertheless, the PFS1 alone degraded the DEHP up to 87.665% in sterilized soil. According to HPLC-MS analysis, DEHP was degraded into phthalate (PA) by PFS1 strain via mono (2-ethylehxyl) phthalate (MEHP), then PA was utilized for cell growth. These results suggest that R. aetherivorans PFS1 has excellent potential to degrade DEHP at various environmental conditions especially in contaminated paddy field soil.
Understanding Biochemical Defense of Leucas Aspera in Crude Oil Polluted Habitat and Changes in Soil Properties
Authors: Kalita Meghali , Chakravarty Paramita , Deka Hemen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The response of an indigenous medicinal herb Leucas aspera in crude oil polluted habitat was studied. The productivity, antioxidants, phytochemical and functional group profiles of the plant species in stress conditions were investigated. Besides, changes in enzymes, beneficial bacterial populations and physico-chemical conditions and total oil and grease (TOG) contents in the contaminated soils were also studied. The results showed improvement in physico-chemical conditions, increase in beneficial bacterial population (4.1-5.4 folds) and decrease in TOG (31.3%) level of the contaminated soils by end of the experimental trials. The activities of dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, catalase, amylase and cellulase have increased in the range of 23.6-174.4% after introduction of L. aspera in the contaminated soils. Further, there were significant variations in leaf area index, chlorophyll and biomass contents of the experimental plant as against the initial level and control. Besides, the results also revealed significant deviations in the antioxidant and phytochemical profiles of L. aspera suggesting the enzymatic defense of the plant species in the crude oil contaminated soils. The fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the uptake and metabolism of some hydrocarbon components by the experimental plant from the contaminated soils.
The Value of MRI Dynamic Enhancement Quantitative Parameters In Distinguishing UIP And NSIP
Authors: Chen Xinhui , Cheng Ge , Yang Xinguan , Hu Yufang , Zhou Zhipeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Interstitial pneumonia is a lung disease characterized by pulmonary interstitial inflammation and progressive pulmonary fibrosis. There are many causes of it, which lead to different types with different prognosis. Moreover, the mixture of different classifications will make the diagnosis difficult for radiologists, and it will also make treatment difficult for clinicians. Therefore, patients and clinicians urgently need new imaging methods to solve this problem. Currently, the most common types of interstitial pneumonia are usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP).The purpose of this article is to introduce the value of MRI dynamic enhancement quantitative parameters in the identification of UIP and NSIP.Methods All patients with interstitial pneumonia whose images on HRCT were consistent with UIP and patients with NSIP were further examined by dynamic enhanced MRI. Follow-up was continued. Patients with UIP confirmed by pathology or ineffective after treatment and with imaging characteristics consistent with UIP were classified as UIP group (n=9). In addition, NSIP was confirmed pathologically, or the treatment was effective and the imaging characteristics were consistent with NSIP, which was classified as another group (n=18). All patients underwent high-resolution CT plain scan and MRI plain scan + dynamic enhancement scan. Different types of interstitial pneumonia were compared to obtain the dynamic enhancement quantitative parameter values at the pathological site or the most severe level was selected for the region of interest after clinical diagnosis. (Region of interest, ROI) delineate the obtained quantitative parameter values, and then compare the quantitative parameter values of MRI dynamic enhancement in each group. Results The differences in dynamic enhancement quantitative parameters between the UIP and NSIP groups were statistically significant. Correspondingly, the pseudo-colour images formed by the lesions in these two groups were different. ktrans and iAUC values were lower in the UIP group than in the NSIP group, with p-values of 0.000 and 0.043 respectively; Kep and Ve values were not statistically different between the two groups. On the pseudo-colour map, the lesions in UIP were mainly blue - colourless, while the NSIP lesions were mainly light yellow - light blue.Conclusions The quantitative parameters of MRI dynamic enhancement examinations are considered to be valuable in identifying UIP and NSIP.
Nutritional Status And Associated Factors Among Lactating Women In Eastern, Ethiopia
Authors: Tariku Zerihun , Tefera Bereket , Samuel Serawit , Derese Tariku , Markos Melese , Dessu Samuel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The nutritional status of lactating women is very important since it also affects the health of their children. However, there was limited information on maternal nutrition status in low-income countries like Ethiopia, especially in the study area. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 lactating women in Dire Dawa town health facilities from February 10/02/2019 – March 30/ 03/2019. All variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 were entered into multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with undernutrition.Result: Prevalence of undernutrition was 22 %. Women who age 15-25 years were four times more likely undernourished than older [AOR=4.04(CI: (1.74, 9.40)]. Unable to read and write Women were almost five times more likely to be undernourished than formal education [AOR=4.76 CI: (2.31, 9.81)]. Women who have family size >7 were six times more likely to be undernourished than family size < 3 [AOR=5.53 CI :( 1.15, 26.53)]. Women not take additional food during lactating were 4.5 times more likely undernourished than take additional food [AOR=4.56 CI (1.50, 13.9)]. DD score < 5 were four times more likely to be undernourished than (>= 5) DD [AOR= 4 CI: (2.02, 7.90)].Conclusion: prevalence of undernutrition in the study area was high: Factors associated with undernu+trion were: Age of lactating women, Education status, and Family size, Additional food during lactation and DD score. Thus, multi-sectoral collaboration targeted at improving women’s educational status and increasing food during lactation need to be emphasized.
Influence of Metallic Powder Characteristics On Extruded Feedstock Performance For Indirect Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Santos Cyril , Gatões Daniel , Cerejo Fábio , Vieira Teresa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Material Extrusion (MEX) of metallic powder-based filaments has been showing great potential as an additive manufacturing technology. MEX provides an easy solution, as an alternative to direct additive manufacturing technologies (e.g. SLM, EBM, DED) for problematic metallic powder, like copper powder, due to its reflectivity and thermal conductivity. MEX, an indirect technology, consists of 5 steps – optimising metal powder, mixing (feedstock), filament production, shaping, debinding and sintering. The great challenge in MEX is, undoubtedly, filament manufacturing for optimal green density, and consequently the sintered properties. The filament, to be extrudable, must accomplish at optimal powder volume concentration (CPVC) with good rheological performance, flexibility, and stiffness. These have a main role in the quality of the 3D objects after debinding and sintering. In this study, a feedstock composition (similar binder, additives and CPVC - 61% vol.) of copper with three different particle powder characteristics was selected, in order to highlight their role. The quality of the filaments, strands and 3D objects was analyzed by micro-CT highlighting the influence of the different powder characteristics on the homogeneity and defects of the greens. Sintered filaments were also analysed, regarding hardness, microstructure and a comparison between green and sintered defects, using micro-CT. The filament based on particles powder with D50 close to 11 µm and straight distribution of particles size shows the best homogeneity and lower defects.
Exposure-lag Response of Air Temperature on COVID-19 Incidence in Italy
Authors: Fong Fang Chyi , Goodson Michaela Louise , Smith Daniel Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The exposure-lag response of air temperature on COVID-19 incidence is unclear and there have been concerns regarding the robustness of previous studies. Here we present an analysis of high spatial and temporal resolution using the distributed lag non-linear modelling (DLNM) framework. We first fit statistical models to select Italian cities, accounting for lag effects up to 10 days and several categories of potential confounders (policy, mobility, meteorological, and pollution variables). Estimates from these models are then synthesised using random effects meta-analysis to yield pooled estimates of the exposure-lag response presented as the relative risk (RR) and cumulative RR (RRcum). Though there was variation in the lag-specific exposure-response curves, the cumulative exposure response was approximately bell shaped, with highest risk at 19.8 °C, 2.39 [95% CI: 1.13; 2.94] times that at 4.7 °C which represented the lowest risk. Our work is in agreement with studies suggesting “lower” and “higher” temperatures might reduce covid-19 transmission, though our results suggest the optimum temperature for outdoor transmission might be higher than previously thought. Due to this uncertainty, our work underscores the need for facemasks and social distancing even in warm temperatures.
Spectral Characterization, Antioxidant And Anti-Tumor Activity of Kaempferol- 3-O-Alpha-L-Rhamnoside; A Flavonol Glycoside Isolated From The Ethyl Acetate Extract of Pithecellobium Dulce Leaves
Authors: Akter Masuma , Hasan Mahadi , Parvin Shahnaj , Rahman Aziz Abdur , Islam Ekramul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.), an evergreen medium-sized, spiny tree which have vast nutritional values and widely used in ayurvedic medicines and home remedies. The plant has also been a rich source of biologically active compounds. The present study was designed to isolate pure compound and to know the efficacy as antioxidant as well as its anti-tumor activity on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell (EAC). Methods: The isolation of the compound was carried out by column chromatography and structure was revealed by 1H-NMR and 13C NMR. The antioxidant activity was investigated by the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals as well as the inhibition of oxidative damage of pUC19 plasmid DNA, hemolysis and lipid peroxidation induced by 2, 2’-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in human erythrocytes. In vivo anti-tumor activity of the compound was also evaluated by determining the viable tumor cell count, hematological profiles of experimental mice along with observing morphological changes of EAC cells by fluorescence microscope. Results: The isolated compound showed strong antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging with IC50 of 14.6μg/ml. It also effectively inhibited AAPH induced oxidation in DNA and human erythrocyte model and lipid per oxidation. In anti-tumor assay, 70.89±6.62% growth of inhibition of EAC was observed as compare to the control mice (p<0.05) at a dose 50mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The compound may have a great importance as a therapeutic agent in preventing oxidative damage of biomolecules and therapeutic use in chemotherapy.
Intent to Stay in Nursing Profession and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Public Hospitals of Harari Regional State and Dire Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Eshetu Kirubel , Gelaw Belete , Lankrew Tadele , Tekalegn Tiwabwork , Assefa Andualem , Demeke Tsegaye 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Intent to stay in nursing profession becomes a critical issue across a globe and lack of nurses represent problems of health care system in terms of cost, ability to care for patients and quality of care. Many nurses are departing from their profession. There is scarce data about the level and factors associated with intent to stay.Objective: To determine the level of intent to stay in nursing profession and associated factors among nurses working at public hospitals of Harari regional state and Dire Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 413 nurses working in public hospitals, Harar and Dire Dawa Administration from March 1 to 30/2020. Participants were selected by simple random sampling methods. Interviewer guided pre-tested and structured self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were entered using EpiData Version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were carried out. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were used. The association between dependent and independent variables was determined using adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Finally, the variables that have p-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Goodness of fit was tested by Hosmer Lemeshow statistic which was 0.254 and omnibus test, which was 0.00.Results: The results showed that level of Nurses’ intent to stay in the profession was 49.3% (95%CI: 46-55.9). Having dependent family members (AOR=1.908, 95%CI:1.142-3.188), overall job satisfaction (AOR=6.54, 95%CI, 2.774-15.41) and overall organizational commitment (AOR=0.301, 95%CI, 0.127-0.713) and normative commitment (AOR=3.617,95%CI, 1.879-6.963) were significantly associated with intent to stay.Conclusion: This study showed that the level of intent to stay was low among nurses. Having dependent family members, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and having a high normative commitment showed association with intent to stay. This kind of instability in nursing staffs might compromise the nursing service quality. Therefore, enhancing nurses’ job satisfaction, autonomy, professional opportunity, and organizational commitment are key for improving nurse’s intent to stay.
Comparative Efficacy of Traditional Conservative Treatment and Ct-guided Local Chemotherapy for Mild Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Guo Yangyang , Xu Meitao , Li Lei , Gu Bin , Zhang Zehua , Diao Wenbo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: There are considerable differences in the treatment strategy for spinal tuberculosis, inclouding conservative or surgical procedures. Conservative treatment is always suitable for most patients. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of traditional conservative treatment with CT-guided local chemotherapy strategy of mild spinal tuberculosis.Methods: This research retrospectively analysed 120 patients with spinal tuberculosis between January 2005 and January 2016 according to the diagnostic criteria of mild spinal tuberculosis. In total, 89 patients underwent traditional conservative treatment, 31 underwent CT-guided local chemotherapy. Clinical outcome, laboratory indexes, and radiological results were analysed to provide a clinical basis for the choice of mild spinal tuberculosis treatment.Results: All cases achieved a clinical cure with 24 to 50 months followed up. Cobb angle of the two groups spinal tuberculosis segments was 6.25 ± 3.11°, 5.69 ± 2.58° before treatment and 12.36 ± 6.31°, 14.87 ± 7.26° after treatment, respectively. VAS scores were significantly decreased post-treatment. There was no obvious kyphosis, symptoms or neurological deficits at the final follow-up.Conclusions: For mild spinal tuberculosis, traditional conservative treatment can achieve satisfactory results. The strategy combined with CT-guided local chemotherapy treatment is minimally invasive, beneficial for the drainage of paravertebral abscesses and pain relief.
Dacryoendoscopic Findings of Patients With Nasolacrimal Obstruction Associated With Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kim Yuri , Lee Seunghyun , Lew Helen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the etiology of lacrimal drainage obstruction(LDO) of people who underwent systemic chemotherapy(CTx) or radioactive iodine treatment(RAI) by using dacryoendoscopy and at the same time performing microendoscopic silicone tube insertion(MESI) to treat epiphora.MethodFrom July 2017 to December 2020, the medical records of 11 patients(16 eyes) who diagnosed LDO after the CTx or RAI and underwent MESI were reviewed retrospectively. ResultsThe mean age was 69.0±8.2 years and prevalence of female was higher(2:9). The mean duration of the epiphora was 28.3±35.5 months, and the mean start period of epiphora after treatment was 29.5±36.5 months. In all patients, the tear meniscus height was significantly reduced after surgery. Dacryoendoscopic findings were as follows (n,(%)): mucus, 10(62.5); granulation, 4(25.0); fibrotic membrane, 6(37.5); stenosis, 5(31.3); edema, 4(25.0). Levels of obstruction were as follows (%): canaliculus, 10(62.5); lacrimal sac, 11(68.8); nasolacrimal duct, 5(37.3); inferior turbinate, 4(25.0). There was no difference in level of obstruction, but the granulation finding was significantly often in RAI (p=0.038), while mucosal edema was more often in CTx(p=0.025). ConclusionsThe dacryoendoscope enabled us to observe the nasolacrimal system in real time and examine the lesions causing LDO. Even though CTx or RAI is considered as mandatory treatment for the patients, it could affect their whole body including LDS. However, MESI can be a treatment of choice for LDO after the treatment. It is important to refer the patients suffering from epiphora to ophthalmologists for improving their quality of life by non-invasive treatment during and after additional treatment.