bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROMPT Wales project: national scaling of an evidence-based intervention to improve safety and training in maternity
Authors: Renwick Sophie , Hookes Sarah , Draycott Tim , Dey Madhuchanda , Hodge Frances , Storey Jane , Winter Cathy , Sengupta Niladri , Benjamin Fiona 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundIn healthcare, there is increasing recognition of the importance of developing and testing strategies to scale effective interventions. The NHS long-term plan (2019) acknowledges that often a gold standard approach to a problem already exists somewhere within the NHS, however, it has not been replicated widely across the system.MethodsWe describe the approach and process measures for national scaling of PROMPT (Practical Obstetric Multi-Professional Training) across 12 obstetric-led maternity units in Wales. PROMPT is an evidence-based training package for local maternity staff, previously associated with improvements in maternal and neonatal outcomes, reduction in litigation related to preventable harm and improved safety culture. PROMPT has previously been disseminated internationally using a train-the-trainer model. However, this has been associated with variations in uptake, fidelity and impact. In Wales, the project was supported by Welsh Government, and a structured scaling plan was developed, encompassing ongoing implementation support from a multi-professional team.ResultsPROMPT was successfully implemented in all obstetric led units in Wales, with 326 local PROMPT facilitators trained, and 82.5%–100% of maternity staff attended a local PROMPT course in the first 15 months of the project (January 2019–March 2020). All training courses included evidence-based authentic elements, and 93% of courses in the first year (100/107) were supported by a national implementation team, providing coaching, implementation support and quality assurance.ConclusionsAuthentically scaling up complex interventions is a significant challenge. To replicate the improved outcomes demonstrated by PROMPT, intervention reach and fidelity must first be demonstrated.In this national scaling project, our scaling methodology led to the successful implementation of PROMPT across all health boards in Wales. Additionally, we demonstrated reduced variation in adoption, reach, timescale and intervention fidelity between maternity units with varying readiness for change, which had been difficult in two previous large-scale PROMPT implementation projects.
Massive Congenital Pelvic Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Keenan R. A. , Wilkes F. R. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTPelvic arteriovenous fistulae, congenital or traumatic, are rare. The management of such problems are enormous and new approaches are being sought to improve results of both operative and non-operative techniques. A case is presented of a patient with a massive congenital pelvic arteriovenous fistula, emphasising the unusual clinical presentation and attempts at therapeutic embolisation.
67 Years Ago — The Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service Vol 1, No. 1
Authors: Oliver T. P. 
Published: October 2021

Author’s NoteThis article, together with a proposed editorial, was written in March before the events in the South Atlantic were even contemplated. That editorial read in part:“Volume 1 No 1, written in the terminology and current knowledge of its time. covers many of the problems we are still dealing with today — survival in hostile environments. combat casualty care, medical selection of aircrew. transport of casualties and epidemic outbreaks and control of infection. The image is of a professional service coping with difficulties of war of a type and scale not seen before. Today’s Navy and its Medical Branch have similar tasks, to prepare and, if all else fails, to cope and survive a conflict of whose nature none of us have had any experience.”
Bilateral inguinal herniae—a reappraisal of dogma
Authors: Soul J. O. , Dewar E. P. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe results of a retrospective study have indicated that contrary to popular teaching, there is no evidence that there is an increase in the post-operative morbidity when bilateral inguinal herniae are repaired at one operation. This should be investigated by a prospective randomised study.
Coxsackie B infection in a Scottish general practice
Authors: Calder B. D. , Warnock P. J. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe authors describe 38 cases of protracted illness, characterized by varied multisystem symptomatology. Significant antibody titres to Coxsackie B viruses, suggesting recent infection, were found in these 38 patients (47% of 81 cases investigated). The syndrome has many of the features of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), a condition which has frequently been found in closely clustered epidemics but seldom in sporadic or endemic form. The reported cases emerged over a four-year period and fresh cases continue to appear.
A study of in-patients aged 60 years and over treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dundee Royal Infirmary, in 1983
Authors: Low C. D. T. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis study was conducted to determine the extent to which elderly patients constitute a special problem in plastic surgery. In 1983 patients aged 60 years and over accounted for 37% of all admissions to the plastic surgery ward at the Dundee Royal Infirmary and 52% of all patient-days there; they tended to stay longer than other patients and cost the Health Service more than £130000. About one-third of admissions were as a direct result of accidents; of the other two-thirds, the majority was for the treatment of malignancies. In the study, special consideration was given to delayed healing after surgery and other problems arising while these patients were in hospital, and the reasons for prolonged stays. The study confirms that there is a problem which is stretching available resources.
The first Antarctic winter in tents: The Joint Services Expedition to Brabant Island
Authors: Oakley E. H. N. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis second article covers aspects of the physiological research carried out during the JSE to Brabant Island, Antarctica. The major task in this was to investigate fluid balance in the 12 subjects whilst they lived in harsh field conditions through the Austral winter, to see if any acclimatisation occurred. The practical relevance of this to the prevention of cold injury, which is highly likely in those dehydrated by the climate, is discussed. Practical matters to enable such research to be carried out are described, and some of the findings tentatively presented. In particular, it would appear that the subjects did undergo cold dehydration, to be followed after six weeks or so by an apparent return to normal. Their cold diuresis appeared not to be the result of nocturnal changes in renal perfusion, but may have a hormonal basis.
Does endoscopic sclerotherapy affect oesophageal function?
Authors: Williams J. G. , Turner J. R. , Beckly D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe transit of a liquid radionuclide bolus down the oesophagus has been used to assess the effect of endoscopic sclerotherapy for variceal bleeding on oesophageal function. Oesophageal transit times are prolonged in patients with untreated varices and this abnormality is enhanced by sclerotherapy.
A review of the treatment and recurrence of varicose veins in the Royal Naval Hospital, Plymouth 1981–1985
Authors: Quaile A. , Rowland F. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a retrospective study the accuracy of matching the treatment given to the recorded diagnosis was assessed. In those presenting with recurrent varicose veins the rate of saphenofemoral incompetence was no higher than in those attending for the first time.
Combined Pes Anserinus and Ellison procedures for co-existing antero-medial and antero-lateral instability of the knee
Authors: Walker A. J. , Osborne A. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeven patients are assessed who underwent combined Pes Anserinus and Ellison procedures for severe co-existing antero-medial and antero-lateral instability of the knee. The results appear successful in the short term.
Some haematopathological features of marathon running
Authors: Pipkin C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the last decade marathon running has become an increasingly popular sport. There were over eighty thousand applicants for the 1987 London marathon and nearly twenty thousand runners eventually realised their ambitions and crossed the finishing line. The potential for scientific study of the effects of running for a little over twenty six miles on human physiology and metabolism has not gone unrealised and a large and increasing body of literature on this and related subjects can now be found. I was fortunate enough to run in the 1987 London marathon and undertook a simple study of the effect of the run on various haematological parameters. This article presents a brief review of some of the more important haematopathological features of long distance running together with my own personal observations.
Determination of perturbative QCD coupling from ALEPH $$\tau $$ decay data using pinched Borel–Laplace and Finite Energy Sum Rules
Authors: Ayala César , Cvetič Gorazd , Teca Diego 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a determination of the perturbative QCD (pQCD) coupling using the V+A channel ALEPH $$\tau $$
τ
-decay data. The determination involves the double-pinched Borel–Laplace Sum Rules and Finite Energy Sum Rules. The theoretical basis is the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) of the V+A channel Adler function in which the higher order terms of the leading-twist part originate from a model based on the known structure of the leading renormalons of this quantity. The applied evaluation methods are contour-improved perturbation theory (CIPT), fixed-order perturbation theory (FOPT), and Principal Value of the Borel resummation (PV). All the methods involve truncations in the order of the coupling. In contrast to the truncated CIPT method, the truncated FOPT and PV methods account correctly for the suppression of various renormalon contributions of the Adler function in the mentioned sum rules. The extracted value of the $${\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}$$

MS
¯

coupling is $$\alpha _s(m_{\tau }^2) = 0.3116 \pm 0.0073$$

α
s

(

m

τ

2

)

=
0.3116
±
0.0073

[$$\alpha _s(M_Z^2)=0.1176 \pm 0.0010$$

α
s

(

M
Z
2

)

=
0.1176
±
0.0010

] for the average of the FOPT and PV methods, which we regard as our main result. On the other hand, if we include in the average also the CIPT method, the resulting values are significantly higher, $$\alpha _s(m_{\tau }^2) = 0.3194 \pm 0.0167$$

α
s

(

m

τ

2

)

=
0.3194
±
0.0167

[$$\alpha _s(M_Z^2)=0.1186 \pm 0.0021$$

α
s

(

M
Z
2

)

=
0.1186
±
0.0021

].
From quantum field theory to quantum mechanics
Authors: Barros e Sá Nuno , Gomes Cláudio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to construct an explicit relation between the field operators in Quantum Field Theory and the relevant operators in Quantum Mechanics for a system of N identical particles, which are the symmetrised functions of the canonical operators of position and momentum, thus providing a clear relation between Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Mechanics. This is achieved in the context of the non-interacting Klein–Gordon field. Though this procedure may not be extendible to interacting field theories, since it relies crucially on particle number conservation, we find it nevertheless important that such an explicit relation can be found at least for free fields. It also comes out that whatever statistics the field operators obey (either commuting or anticommuting), the position and momentum operators obey commutation relations. The construction of position operators raises the issue of localizability of particles in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, as the position operator for a single particle turns out to be the Newton–Wigner position operator. We make some clarifications on the interpretation of Newton–Wigner localized states and we consider the transformation properties of position operators under Lorentz transformations, showing that they do not transform as tensors, rather in a manner that preserves the canonical commutation relations. From a complex Klein–Gordon field, position and momentum operators can be constructed for both particles and antiparticles.
What Advertising Can Teach Us About Effective Writing and Speaking
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: October 2021

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
As a form of writing, advertising copy has a poor reputation because in many minds its objective is to "sell people things they don't want and don't need." This is debatable. What is not debatable is that advertising copy represents some of the best writing you will ever see. It has to because its objective is to say a world of things in just a thimbleful of words. Writers of more meritorious texts (articles, essays, book reports, business reports, research papers, etc.) can learn a lot from understanding how these consummate wordsmiths go about their work.
‘The Mute Compulsion of Economic Relations’: Towards a Marxist Theory of the Abstract and Impersonal Power of Capital
Authors: Mau Søren 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAccording to Marx’s unfinished critique of political economy, capitalist relations of production rely on what Marx refers to inCapitalas ‘the mute compulsion of economic relations’. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that this constitutes a distinct form of economic power which cannot be reduced to either ideology or violence, and to provide the conceptual groundwork for a systematic theory of capital’s mute compulsion.
Diagnostic Peritoneal Aspiration Revisited: Its Diagnostic Accuracy for the Detection of Intraabdominal Hemorrhage
Authors: Liasidis Panagiotis K. , Garapati Hemanth , Ghafil Cameron , Marchini Reitz Marianne , Guzman Ruben , Nwokedi Josephine , Matthew Robert , Matsushima Kazuhide 
Published: October 2021

Background The use of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) in combination with computed tomography (CT) has become the mainstay of diagnostic workup in patients with suspected intraabdominal hemorrhage (IAH). However, diagnostic peritoneal aspiration (DPA) can be an important adjunct in hemodynamically unstable patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and diagnostic accuracy of DPA in detecting IAH. Methods Retrospective analysis of all patients who presented to the LAC+USC Medical Center and underwent evaluation with DPA between January 2010 and December 2016. Intraoperative, CT, and autopsy findings were used as gold standards in determining the diagnostic accuracy of DPA for the detection of IAH. Results A total of 73 consecutive patients were included in the study. The median age was 42 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 25-56), median injury severity score was 29 (IQR: 21-41), and 82.2% sustained blunt trauma. The most common indications for DPA were hemodynamically unstable patients with suspected IAH and patients with return of spontaneous circulation following resuscitative thoracotomy. Overall, the positive and negative predictive values of DPA were 89.4% and 88.9%, respectively. In 14 cases (19.2%), DPA correctly identified false positive/negative FAST results. Conclusion Our data suggest that DPA has high diagnostic yield for IAH. The use of DPA should be considered in unstable patients with inconclusive FAST results who cannot safely be evaluated with CT.
Comparison of kinesio taping and cold therapy in patients with total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yuksel Ertugrul , Unver Bayram , Karatosun Vasfi 
Published: October 2021

Objective To investigate the effects of kinesio taping and cold therapy on pain, edema, range of motion, muscle strength, functional level and quality of life in patients with total knee arthroplasty. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting A university hospital. Subjects One-hundred patients were included. Intervention Patients were allocated into three groups; control group, kinesio group and cold therapy group. The control group received a standard rehabilitation program. Kinesio taping group received two fan-shaped kinesio taping bands and cold therapy group received cold packs in addition to the standard rehabilitation program. Main measures The outcome measures were pain, edema, range of motion, muscle strength, functional level and quality of life. Participants were assessed at preoperative, discharge and postoperative third month. Results The groups were similar at preoperative. A significant difference was determined in terms of pain in kinesio taping group compared to the control group at the discharge. Cold therapy was efficient in reducing postoperative swelling but kinesio taping had no significant effects on swelling control. There was no difference between the groups in terms of range of motion, muscle strength, functional level and quality of life. The groups were similar in all parameters at the postoperative third month measurements. Conclusion Fan-shaped kinesio taping is an effective technique in terms of postoperative pain relief. Cold therapy is an effective method in terms of edema control. Kinesio taping and cold therapy has no specific beneficial effect on functional level, muscle strength and quality of life compared to control group.
Estimation of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in combination with diabetic kidney disease and identification of the associated factors in patients attending primary hospitals in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Xia Li , Cheng Lanlan , Jiang Tian , Liu Chao , Zhang Shiqi , Hu Honglin , Dai Fang , Zhang Qiu , Lu Yunxia 
Published: October 2021

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with chronic kidney disease (DM-CKD) and identify the associated factors in patients attending primary hospitals in Anhui Province, China. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to collect the demographic information, general clinical data, and details of the kidney disease of patients in 2019 through a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory examination. Results A total of 1067 patients with T2DM were studied, of whom 345 had chronic kidney disease (CKD; 32.33%); 18.8%, 12.2%, 58.0%, 9.9% and 1.2% of the participants had stages 1 to 5 CKD. Fifty-point-three percent of the participants were female and they were 59 ± 11.3 years old. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, systolic blood pressure, the duration of diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and smoking were associated with DM-CKD. The duration of diabetes was positively associated with body mass index, 2-hour postprandial glucose, fasting blood glucose concentration, glycosylated haemoglobin, total cholesterol concentration and triglyceride concentration. Conclusions The incidence of DM-CKD is relatively high in primary hospitals in Anhui Province. Appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures should be instituted according to the age, the duration of diabetes, sex, hypertension, smoking habits, and lipidaemia of patients.
Comparison of arteriovenous fistulas constructed with main or internal branch of the cephalic vein: a retrospective analysis of 32 cases
Authors: Guo Ning , Pan Zhong-Jian , Tian Jun 
Published: October 2021

Objective To evaluate the effect on the maturation of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) when using the internal branch of the cephalic vein compared with the main branch of the cephalic vein. Methods The study enrolled patients with end-stage renal disease and divided them into an internal branch group (AVF constructed using the internal branch of the cephalic vein) or a main branch group (AVF constructed using the main branch of the cephalic vein). The surgical outcomes including complications were observed in these patients after 12 weeks. Results Thirty-two patients with end-stage renal disease were included in the study. There were 16 patients in each group. The demographic and clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. The diameter of the arteries and veins were not significantly different between the two groups before the operation. In the internal branch group, significantly more ( n = 7) patients failed to mature or required surgical intervention compared with the main branch group ( n = 1). Conclusion For veins of the same diameter, these findings suggest that constructing AVFs using the main branch of the cephalic vein instead of the internal branch was more suitable for patients with end-stage renal disease requiring haemodialysis.
Investigation of an injectable gold nanoparticle extracellular matrix
Authors: Snider Colten , Grant David , Grant Sheila A 
Published: October 2021

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a progressive articular degenerative disease that degrades articular cartilage and stimulates apoptosis in chondrocyte cells. An injectable decellularized, extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, that might be able to combat the effects of PTOA, was developed where the ECM was conjugated with 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and supplemented with curcumin and hyaluronic acid (HA). Porcine diaphragm ECM was decellularized and homogenized; AuNPs were conjugated using chemical crosslinking followed by mixing with curcumin and/or HA. Injection force testing and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the ECM scaffolds. In vitro testing with L929 murine fibroblasts, equine synovial fibroblasts, and Human Chondrocytes were used to determine biocompatibility, reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, and chondroprotective ability. The results demonstrated that conjugation of 20 nm AuNPs to the ECM was successful without significantly altering the physical properties as noted in the low injection force. In vitro work provided evidence of biocompatibility with a propensity to reduce intracellular ROS and an ability to mitigate apoptosis of chondrocyte cells stimulated with IL-1β, a known apoptosis inducing cytokine. It was concluded that an injectable AuNP-ECM may have the ability to mitigate inflammation and apoptosis.