bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Brain Emotional Control Design for the Synchronization of 4D Nonlinear Hyperchaotic Systems
Authors: Huynh Tuan-Tu , Lin Chih-Min , Le Tien-Loc , Vu Mai The , Chao Fei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research provides a novel intelligent control structure for 4D nonlinear hyperchaotic systems. This is a hybrid design containing a new interval type-2 fuzzy fourfold function-link brain emotional controller and a smooth robust controller. It comprises a fuzzy inference system and three subnetworks. The subnetworks are a new fourfold function-link network, a type-2 fuzzy amygdala network and a type-2 fuzzy prefrontal cortex network that decrease the synchronization errors efficiently, follow the reference signal well and achieve good performance. Two Lyapunov stability functions are utilized to get the adaptive laws, and they are applied to online tune the parameters of the system. The proposed design is used to synchronize two 4D nonlinear hyperchaotic systems and the simulation results are given to demonstrate its superiority and effectiveness.
A 1150-year-long AMV reconstruction suggests early warning for a North Atlantic climate tipping point
Authors: Michel Simon , Swingedouw Didier , Mignot Juliette , Gastineau Guillaume , Ortega Pablo , Khodri Myriam , McCarthy Gerard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) is a large-scale climate phenomenon with crucial impacts on human societies and ecosystems. Its periodicity and drivers are controversial due to the short temporal extent of instrumental observations and competing impacts of external forcing and internal variability. Here, we use a well-verified set of paleoclimate proxy records and compare four regression methods to perform different reconstructions of the AMV since 850 C.E., built to only reflect internal variability in the Atlantic. The best performing reconstruction, when verified both against climate model outputs and independent proxy records is obtained using the non-linear random forest method. It exhibits large multi-decadal variations in the range of 20-90 years, a broader range than the 50-70 years identified in instrumental records. The reconstruction shows that AMV autocorrelation properties have experienced a significant change in the recent decades, suggesting an early warning signal for the proximity of a tipping point in the Atlantic.
Associations Between Personality Traits and Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in an African Population
Authors: Antiri Ebenezer Oduro , Ocansey Stephen , Ntodie Michael , Abokyi Samuel , Abraham Carl Halladay , Abu Emmanuel Kwasi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: There is poor adherence to medication among patients with glaucoma especially in people of African ancestry. The present study assessed the influence of personality traits on adherence to glaucoma medication among patients living with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) from an African population. Methods: A clinic-based cross sectional study was conducted among patients with POAG attending a specialist eye care facility. Adapted and validated personality trait and medication adherence measures questionnaires were used.Results: Self-reported adherence to glaucoma medication was 60.8% but the overall mean adherence score was 18.58±3.40, indicating slight non-adherence. The personality traits conscientiousness and agreeableness significantly predicted medication adherence but accounted for only 30.3% and 13.3% of the variance respectively. Non-adherence to medication was significantly predicted by the personality profiles neuroticism, extraversion and openness which respectively accounted for 61.7%, 20.3% and 13.3% of the variance in the personality trait assessment. Old age and longer use of glaucoma medications were also significantly associated with non-adherence to glaucoma medication.Conclusions: Glaucoma patients’ personality profiles significantly predicted their adherence to glaucoma medications. Assessment of the personality profiles and appropriate psychotherapeutic approaches should be included in glaucoma diagnosis and management protocols in order to enhance medication adherence in patients living with glaucoma.
A Fine-Grained Analysis of Misinformation in COVID-19 Tweets
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Pranesh Raj Ratn , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the past few years, there has been an expeditious growth in the usage of social media platforms and blogging websites which has passed 3.8 billion marks of active users that use text as a prominentmeans for interactive communication. A fraction of users spread misinformation on social media. As Twitter has 330 million monthly active users, researchers have been using it as a source of data for misinformation identification. In this paper, we have proposed a Twitter dataset for fine-grained classification. Our dataset is consists of 1970 manually annotated tweets and is categorized into 4 misinformation classes, i.e, “Irrelevant”, “Conspiracy”, “True Information”, and “False Information” based on response erupted during COVID-19. In this work, we also generated useful insights on our dataset and performed a systematic analysis of various language models, namely, RNN (BiLSTM, LSTM), CNN (TextCNN), BERT, ROBERTA, and ALBERT for the classification task on our dataset. Through our work, we aim at contributing to the substantial efforts of the research community for the identification and mitigation of misinformation on the internet.
Lipoma HMGIC fusion partner expression differs in primary tumors and lymph node metastases in malignancy.
Authors: Levy Willard A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer found in women. 1. Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality among cancer patients. 2. As the number of axillary lymph nodes with metastases grows the prognosis for patients with breast cancer worsens3. We used a published microarray dataset4 to find genes linked to lymph node metastasis, which is an early stage of breast cancer metastasis. When comparing original breast tumors to lymph node metastases from patients diagnosed with breast cancer, we discovered substantial differences in LHFP gene expression. When comparing primary breast tumors to neighboring normal breast tissue, LHFP was shown to be one of the most differentially expressed genes in a separate microarray dataset5. In individuals with breast cancer, LHFP expression was shown to be substantially linked with median overall survival. LHFP may be involved in the mechanisms that lead to the transformation or progression of the original tumor in human breast cancer, as well as lymph node metastasis. Breast cancer, breast cancer metastasis, lymph node metastasis, LHFP, breast cancer systems biology, and breast cancer targeted treatments.
In diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, non-coding RNA expression is significantly varied dependent on overall survival
Authors: Castillo Henley , Mellor Kenzie , Marks Amelia-Mae , L Willard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is a kind of pediatric brain cancer that kills 99 percent of patients within five years and for which there are no conventional chemotherapies. It is crucial for new treatments to comprehend the cancer's transcriptional activity. Using a published dataset, we compared the transcriptomes of tumors from patients who lived longer or less than six months. Among the genes whose expression changed most, we observed that numerous microRNAs and snoRNAs were present. The publication's findings are the first evidence of variable levels of non-coding RNA expression in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.
COVID-19 recovery measures and use of medications among COVID-19 patients at home: A cross- sectional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Noman Abdullah Al , Joarder Taufique , Islam Md. Shofiqul , Hossain Md. Sabbir , Sadaf Samia , Noman Md. Abdullah Al , Sakib Nazmus , Ekra Jannatul Efte , Islam Md. Sujan , Meem Rima Islam , Sana Samiron , Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 is the greatest catastrophe of the 21st century that ravaged health, economy, and everyday life. Over 90% of the infected individuals in Bangladesh took home treatments following various approaches and consuming different medications. The study aims to identify the recovery measures and the medications used by COVID-19 patients at home.
Methods
An online-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted between 5 October 2020 and 5 January 2021 among the COVID-19 patients who did not seek care from hospitals and recovered at home. Participants from all the administrative divisions of Bangladesh were recruited via social media. After obtaining consent, subjects were enrolled to complete the questionnaire that included questions on demographic characteristics, clinical itinerary, non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches.
Results
Of the 241 respondents, the majority were males (64.3%), aged 21-30 years (42.3%), and urban residents (65.6%). Fever (92.5%), cough (78.4%), and sore throat (62.7%) were the most common symptoms. Hypertension (17.3%), allergic rhinitis (15.3%), and asthma (15.3%) were the most prevalent pre-existing chronic conditions. Most of the respondents adopted some non-pharmacological approaches, such as inhaling steam/gargling warm water (75.1%), drinking any hot drink (85.9%), and consuming vegetables and fruits (67.6%) daily. Among the medicines consumed, paracetamol was the highest (97.1%), followed by antihistamines (77.6%) and antibiotics (61.4%) while corticosteroid, antiparasitic and antiviral drugs were less consumed drugs. Binary logistic regression found, living in the urban area, level of education and pre-existing diabetes were significant factors that impact recovery time from the COVID-19.
Conclusions
Most of the individuals experienced mild to moderate symptoms and used non-pharmacological approaches, while over-the-counter drugs were the most consumed medicines. Though these measures did not contribute significantly to recovery time, these can be used as a form of home management in the early stage to reduce the disease severity and may be effective for mild and moderate patients.
Biosequestration of chromium (VI) from aqueous medium using carbonaceous adsorbents derived from Eichhornia crassipes
Authors: PARAMESWARI E , Premalatha R.P. , Davamani V. , Sebastian S.Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Utilization of the biochar that are derived from Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) as biosorbent for Cr (VI) adsorption was investigated. The biochar was characterized before and after Cr (VI) adsorption by SEM, FTIR and EDX. The influencing parameters viz., solution pH, solute concentrations, reaction duration, adsorbent dose and size have been examined. The most favorable conditions for Cr (VI) removal were found to be pH = 2.0, adsorbent size = 0.2 mm, adsorbent dosage = 2.5g/100ml, adsorbate/solute concentration = 100mg/L of Cr (VI) at 25ºC at 250 rpm. Rate of adsorption was rapid and equilibrium was reached at 36 hours. The equilibrium relationship between the sorbent and sorbate was determined using the isotherms Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The Langmuir dimensionless constant (KR) for each of the solute concentration was ranged between 0 and 1, it indicates the favourable adsorption of Cr (VI) onto the adsorbent. Adsorption data was very well explained through Langmuir isotherm where sorption occurs on monolayer with the maximum biosorption capacity of 55.55 mg/g. Adsorption rate and its mechanisms were elucidated through kinetic studies viz., Pseudo first order, second order, elovich and intra particle diffusion models. On comparison with various kinetic models, results fitted excellently with pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.999). It suggests that Cr (VI) adsorption by could be better described by chemisorption which involves sharing of electrons between adsorbents and adsorbate. Hence, the biochar derived from E. crassipes are efficiently used as an ecofriendly biosorbent for the management of Cr (VI) rich waste water.
Neurological Manifestations of Sickle Cell Anaemia among Sudanese patients
Authors: Ahmed Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Siddig Amira , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Central nervous system involvement is one of the most devastating aspects of sickle cell disease. Objectives: The aim of this review is to document the range of neurological complications of sickle cell disease. Methods and materials: This is a descriptive cross-sectional Hospital based study. One hundred Sudanese patients with Sickle cell anemia were included in the study during the period from March to July 2018. Results: The most common age group affected was below 20 years, Male to female ratio was almost equal; irritability & headache were the most common symptoms 41%, 40% respectively. Numbness was observed in 25%, hemiplegia in 24%, seizure in 19%, recurrence of hemiplegia occurred in 8%, gait was found to be spastic in 14%, limping gait (due to non-neurological causes) in 7%, while inability to walk in 6% and cerebellar manifestation in 2%.Conclusion: The study revealed high incidence of irritability and headache followed by numbness then hemiplegia.Hemiplegia is usually ischemic in children and hemorrhagic in adults. Silent brain infarcts occur in 17% of patients. Convulsions occur as an isolated event but frequently associated with stroke.
B2M gene knockout in HEK293T cells by non-viral delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 for the induction of universal cell
Authors: Ranjbar Maryam , Amiri Farshid , Nourigorji Marjan , Torabizadeh Farid , Dara Mahintaj , Dianatpour Mehdi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Allogeneic stem cells have been introduced as a potential approach to generate grafts in regenerative medicine. But the clinical usage of them is limited due to the risk of immune rejection that is induced by the incompatibility of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) between donors and recipients. To overcome this limitation, we knocked out the β2 microglobulin (B2M) gene which is crucial for HLA class I expression, using CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Non-viral transfer of two gRNAs targeting exon 1 and intron 1 in B2M gene caused in large and predictable deletion in region between two loci, which was defined by sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, results revealed that roughly 11.11% and 22.22% of the GFP expressing cells reflecting a homozygous and heterozygous pattern of genomic modifications. We demonstrated that the dual guide RNA approach is a simple and efficient method for gene disruption. Significantly, these engineered hypoimmunogenic cells could be proposed as universal cells that are not distinguishable to the recipient immune system in cell therapy and transplantation.
Caveats on COVID-19 Herd Immunity Threshold: the Spain case
Authors: Garcia-Garcia David , Morales Enrique , Fonfría Eva S. , Vigo Isabel , Bordehore Cesar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
After a year of living with the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated consequences, hope looms on the horizon thanks to vaccines. The question is what percentage of the population needs to be immune to reach herd immunity, that is to avoid future outbreaks. The answer depends on the basic reproductive number, R0, a key epidemiological parameter measuring the transmission capacity of a disease. Besides the virus itself, R0 depends on the characteristics of the population and their environment. Additionally, the estimate of R0 depends on the methodology used, the accuracy of data, and the generation time distribution. The aim of this study is to provide a herd immunity threshold for Spain, for which we considered the different combinations of these elements to obtain the R0 for the Spanish population. Estimates of R0 range from 1.39 to 3.10, with the largest differences produced by the choice of the methodology to estimate R0. With these values, the herd immunity threshold ranges from 28.1–67.7%, which makes 70% a realistic upper bound for Spain.
Fifth fundamental force and unification of fundamental forces
Authors: Singh Raghvendra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There are four known fundamental forces of nature and there is a need to combine them into a unified theory. Progress has been made toward this goal but gravity remains an issue. However, the four forces are body forces that act on points. They together do not make the universe a closed system. Here, I identify a surface force, which acts outward normal to the surface of the universe. Further, using water drop hanging in a vacuum as a model, I provide a formula to find the magnitude of this force. The fifth force is generated by the surface tension, a property of dark energy. On the other hand, matter particles interact with each other through a cohesive force and with dark matter through an adhesive force. I give a range of the functional forms of all cohesive and adhesive forces and present an equation that unifies all the forces of nature.
Doxorubicin Loaded Dextran-coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Na-noparticles with Sustained Release Property: Intracellular Uptake, Phar-macokinetics and Biodistribution Study
Authors: Li Houli , Luo Zhiyi , Peng Mingli , Guo Lili , Li Fuqiang , Feng Weiyi , Cui Yali 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Due to the short biological half-life and serious side effects (especially for heart and kidney), the application of Doxorubicin (Dox) in clinical therapy is strictly limited. To overcome these shortcomings, a novel sustained release formulation of doxorubicin-loaded dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Dox-DSPIONs) was prepared.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intracellular uptake behavior of Dox-DSPIONs and to investigate their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution properties.

Method:
Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to study the intracellular uptake and release properties of Dox from Dox-DSPIONs in SMMC-7721 cells. Simple high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) method was established to study the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution properties of Dox-DSPIONs in vivo after intravenous administration and compared with free Dox.

Results:
Intracellular uptake experiment indicated that Dox could be released sustainedly from Dox-DSPIONs over time. The pharmacokinetics parameters displayed that the T1/2and AUC0-24h of Dox-DSPIONs were higher than those of free Dox, while the Cmax of Dox-DSPIONs was significantly lower than that of free drug. The biodistribution behaviors of the drug were altered by Dox-DSPIONs in mice, which showed obvious liver targeting, and significantly reduced the distribution of the drug in the heart and kidney.

Conclusion:
Dox-DSPIONs have the sustained-release property in vitro and in vivo, which could significantly prolong blood circulation time, improve bioavailability, and reduce the side effects of Dox. Therefore, the novel formulation of the Dox-DSPIONs has the potential as a promising drug delivery system in cancer therapy.
Novel Dipeptides Bearing Sulfonamide as Antimalarial and Antitrypanosomal
Agents: Synthesis and Molecular Docking
Authors: Ekoh Ogechi Chinelo , Okoro Uchechukwu , Ugwu David , Ali Rafat , Okafor Sunday , Ugwuja Daniel , Attah Solomon 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
Currently, there is a problem of ineffective chemotherapy to trypanosomiasis
and the increasing emergence of malaria drug-resistant parasites. The research aimed at the development
of new dipeptide-sulfonamides as antiprotozoal agents.

Background:
Protozoan parasites cause severe diseases, with African human trypanosomiasis (HAT)
and malaria standing on top of the list. The noted deficiencies of existing antitrypanosomal drugs and
the worldwide resurgence of malaria, accompanied by the springing up of widespread drug-resistant
protozoan parasites, represent a huge challenge in infectious disease treatment in tropical regions.

Methods:
To discover new antiprotozoal agents, ten novel p-nitrobenzenesulphonamide derivatives
incorporating dipeptide moiety were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 3-methyl-2-(4-
nitrophenylsulphonamido)pentanoic acid (6) with substituted acetamides (4a-j) using peptide coupling
reagents, characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, HRMS and investigated for their antimalarial
and antitrypanosomal activities in vivo employing standard methods.

Results:
At 100 mg/kg body weight, N-(2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-methyl-2-(4-
nitrophenylsulfonamido)pentanamide showed the highest activity by inhibiting P. berghei parasite by
79.89%, which was comparable with the standard drug (artemether-lumefantrine 79.77%). In the
antitrypanosomal study, N-(2-(4-chlorophenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-methyl-2-(4-
nitrophenylsulfonamido)pentanamide, N-(2-(4-fluorophenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-methyl-2-(4-
nitrophenylsulfonamido)pentanamide and N-(2-(3-chlorophenylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-methyl-2-(4-
nitrophenylsulfonamido)pentanamide were most potent in clearing Trypanosome brucei in mice, but
they were less active than the standard drug (diminazene aceturate). Molecular docking results
demonstrated good binding affinity among the reported derivatives and target proteins in the active
place of the protein. The outcome of hematological analysis, liver, and kidney function tests showed
that the new compounds had no adverse effect on the blood and organs.

Conclusions:
The results of this research showed that the new compounds demonstrated interesting
antitrypanosomal and antimalarial potentials. However, further research should be carried out on the
synthesized derivatives as promising drug candidates for trypanosomiasis and malaria.
Improving Human Happiness Analysis Based on Transfer Learning: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Yu Lele , Zhang Shaowu , Zhang Yijia , Lin Hongfei 
Published: June 2021

Background
Happiness refers to the joyful and pleasant emotions that humans produce subjectively. It is the positive part of emotions, and it affects the quality of human life. Therefore, understanding human happiness is a meaningful task in sentiment analysis.

Objective
We mainly discuss 2 facets (Agency/Sociality) of happiness in this paper. Through analysis and research on happiness, we can expand on new concepts that define happiness and enrich our understanding of emotions.

Methods
This paper treated each happy moment as a sequence of short sentences, then proposed a short happiness detection model based on transfer learning to analyze the Agency and Sociality aspects of happiness. First, we utilized the unlabeled training set to retrain the pretraining language model Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and got a semantically enhanced language model happyBERT in the target domain. Then, we got several single text classification models by fine-tuning BERT and happyBERT. Finally, an improved voting strategy was proposed to integrate multiple single models, and “pseudo data” were introduced to retrain the combined models.

Results
The proposed approach was evaluated on the public dataset happyDB. Experimental results showed that our approach significantly outperforms the baselines. When predicting the Agency aspect of happiness, our approach achieved an accuracy of 0.8653 and an F1 score of 0.9126. When predicting Sociality, our approach achieved an accuracy of 0.9367 and an F1 score of 0.9491.

Conclusions
By evaluating the dataset, the comparison results demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach for happiness analysis. Experimental results confirmed that our method achieved state-of-the-art performance and transfer learning effectively improved happiness analysis.