bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary management of congenitally missing lateral incisors: A minimally invasive approach
Authors: Ben Gassem Afnan , Hashem Danya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe following case report demonstrates how a multidisciplinary team approach can be utilized successfully for the minimally invasive esthetic treatment of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors through space closure and canine re‐anatomization.
Ru Nanoparticles Immobilized on Chitosan as Effective Catalysts for Boosting NH3BH3 Hydrolysis
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Li Peiyun , Jiang Renfeng , Zheng Xiucheng , Liu Pu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeveloping an advanced heterogeneous catalyst is essential for realizing high‐performance ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis, which is a safe and efficient way to generate hydrogen. In this work, a series of ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on chitosan (CS) natural polymers are synthesized via an adsorption‐in situ reduction method. Various analytical techniques, including XRD, XPS, FT‐IR, SEM and TEM, are adopted to explore the structure‐catalytic performance relationships of the obtained catalysts for hydrolysis of AB. Benefitting from the possible interaction between Ru NPs and the amino and hydroxyl groups in CS, the as‐prepared catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic behavior for hydrogen generation from AB hydrolysis. Catalyzed by the optimal Ru/CS, the turnover frequency reaches up to 331.8 min−1 in NaOH solution at 303 K, and the corresponding apparent activation energy is 41.3 kJ mol−1, which are superior to many results previously reported. This work demonstrates that the obtained Ru/CS is a promising and efficient catalyst for the hydrolysis of solid hydrogen storage materials.
Ultrasound as an Advanced Oxidative Process: A Review on Treating Pharmaceutical Compounds
Authors: Reggiane de Carvalho Costa Letícia , Guerra Pacheco Nunes Keila , Amaral Féris Liliana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUltrasound treatment, among the various existing water and effluent treatment techniques, is considered an emerging method in recent years due to the degradation of complex organic and inorganic contaminants. It offers substantial advantages, such as cleanliness, safety, and minor or non‐existent secondary pollution products, when compared to other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A systematic review of the published peer‐reviewed literature relating the use of ultrasound as an AOP is provided based on theoretical concepts and factors that influence sonochemical reactions. The synergistic effects of ultrasound with other degradation technologies for the oxidation of medications are investigated and the importance of assessing toxicity and biodegradability for the treatment of water and effluents with emerging pollutants is evaluated. The mechanistic understanding of the sonochemical effects in drugs, classification of intermediates, and the development of new treatment technologies are still the subject of future research, however, the synergy of treatments and cavitation studies must be considered.
Enhancing the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Red Mud
Authors: Salman Ali Dawood , Juzsakova Tatjána , Rédey Ákos , Le Phuoc-Cuong , Nguyen X. Cuong , Domokos Endre , Abdullah Thamer A. , Vagvolgyi Veronika , Chang S. Woong , Nguyen D. Duc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn overview of methods used to enhance the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from bauxite residue or red mud (RM) is given. RM is a byproduct of the Bayer alumina production process. The composition of RM depends on the bauxite source and digestion protocol. This study aimed at developing and improving technological steps to recover REEs such as Sc, La, and Y from RM. Parameters such as leaching agent, contact time, temperature, and solid‐to‐liquid ratio were investigated to achieve optimum REE recovery from RM by combining hydrometallurgical steps such as acid digestion, ion exchange, and solvent extraction. The process was selected by considering its efficiency for selective recovery of Sc, La, and Y and suitability for subsequent solvent extraction and ion exchange of the leaching solution to separate the individual REEs.
Agronomic management of early maturing soybeans in North Carolina
Authors: Gross MaKayla Raquel , Vann Rachel , Brown Austin , Formella Adam , Gibbs Andrea , Gurganus Rod , Heiniger Ryan , Hurry Jarette , Jordan David , Leary Matthew , Lilley Dylan , Malloy Mac , Smith Leslie P. , Stowe Katherine , Tilley Matthew Scott , Waters Jalynne , Williams Anna‐Beth , Wood Alton , Woodley Alex 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterest in producing indeterminate, early maturing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties [maturity group (MG) ≤IV] has increased in the southeastern United States as producers seek ways to increase soybean yields. The objective of this experiment was to generate agronomic management recommendations for early maturing soybean varieties across the southeastern United States and compare these management recommendations to historical recommendations for later‐maturing varieties through identification of the optimal seeding rates, row spacing, planting dates, and fertility management. Experiments were conducted across North Carolina at seven environments in 2018 and at four environments in 2019. Two MGs were used in this study: MG III and MG IV. Data on soybean yield and soybean seed quality were collected. Row spacing recommendations were similar to recommendations for later‐maturing varieties with narrow rows providing a 7.3 bu acre–1 yield advantage across environments on average, with more pronounced yield advantages in high‐yield environments. Seeding rate impacted soybean yield but not seed quality. An economic analysis was conducted for seeding rate, suggesting that 80,000 to 120,000 seeds per acre will optimize both profit and yield across environments with May planting. Planting date sometimes impacted yield and seed quality, suggesting that earlier planting with these varieties could be critical to optimizing soybean yield and seed quality. Fertility applications at R1 (beginning of flowering) did not have an impact on soybean yield or seed quality.
C−C Cross‐Couplings from a Cyclometalated Au(III) CN Complex: Mechanistic Insights and Synthetic Developments
Authors: Bonsignore Riccardo , Thomas Sophie R. , Rigoulet Mathilde , Jandl Christian , Pöthig Alexander , Bourissou Didier , Barone Giampaolo , Casini Angela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the reactivity of gold complexes was shown to extend well beyond π‐activation and to hold promises to achieve selective cross‐couplings in several C−C and C−E (E=heteroatom) bond forming reactions. Here, with the aim of exploiting new organometallic species for cross‐coupling reactions, we report on the Au(III)‐mediated C(sp2)−C(sp) occurring upon reaction of the cyclometalated complex [Au(CCH2N)Cl2] (1, CCH2N=2‐benzylpyridine) with AgPhCC. The reaction progress has been monitored by NMR spectroscopy, demonstrating the involvement of a number of key intermediates, whose structures have been unambiguously ascertained through 1D and 2D NMR analyses (1H, 13C, 1H‐1H COSY, 1H‐13C HSQC and 1H‐13C HMBC) as well as by HR‐ESI‐MS and X‐ray diffraction studies. Furthermore, crystallographic studies have serendipitously resulted in the authentication of zwitterionic Au(I) complexes as side‐products arising from cyclization of the coupling product in the coordination sphere of gold. The experimental work has been paralleled and complemented by DFT calculations of the reaction profiles, providing valuable insight into the structure and energetics of the key intermediates and transition states, as well as on the coordination sphere of gold along the whole process. Of note, the broader scope of the cross‐coupling at the Au(III) CCH2N centre has also been demonstrated studying the reaction of 1 with C(sp2)‐based nucleophiles, namely vinyl and heteroaryl tin and zinc reagents. These reactions stand as rare examples of C(sp2)−C(sp2) cross‐couplings at Au(III).
Osteonecrosis of the jaw among patients with cancer treated with denosumab or zoledronic acid: Results of a regulator‐mandated cohort postauthorization safety study in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
Authors: Ehrenstein Vera , Heide‐Jørgensen Uffe , Schiødt Morten , Akre Olof , Herlofson Bente Brokstad , Hansen Svein , Larsson Wexell Cecilia , Nørholt Sven Erik , Tretli Steinar , Kjellman Anders , Glennane Anthony , Lowe Kimberly A. , Sørensen Henrik T. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUNDOsteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is an adverse effect of antiresorptive treatment. This study estimated incidence proportions and incidence rates of ONJ in cancer patients with bone metastases from solid tumors treated for the prevention of skeletal‐related events in routine clinical practice.METHODSThis cohort study in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden in 2011‐2018 included 3 treatment cohorts: a denosumab inception cohort (DEIC), a zoledronic acid inception cohort (ZAIC), and a denosumab‐switch cohort (DESC). The authors estimated 1‐ to 5‐year incidence proportions and incidence rates of ONJ overall, by cancer site (breast, prostate, or other solid tumor), and by country. ONJ diagnoses were confirmed by adjudication.RESULTSThere were 1340 patients in the DEIC, 1352 in the ZAIC, and 408 in the DESC. The median ages of the 3 cohorts were 70, 69, and 70 years, respectively; the proportions of men were 72.6%, 53.8%, and 48.3%, respectively; and the median follow‐up was 19.8, 12.9, and 13.3 months, respectively. The 5‐year incidence proportions of ONJ were 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4%‐7.3%) in the DEIC, 1.4% (95% CI, 0.8%‐2.3%) in the ZAIC, and 6.6% (95% CI, 4.2%‐10.0%) in the DESC. The corresponding ONJ incidence rates per 100 person‐years were 3.0 (95% CI, 2.3‐3.7), 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6‐1.5), and 4.3 (95% CI, 2.8‐6.3). Incidence proportions and incidence rates were highest in patients with prostate cancer and in Denmark.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides estimates of the risk of medically confirmed ONJ among patients initiating denosumab or zoledronic acid in routine clinical practice in 3 Scandinavian countries. The results varied by cancer site and by country.LAY SUMMARY

Denosumab and zoledronic acid reduce the risk of bone fractures, pain, and surgery in patients with advanced cancers involving bone.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)—death of a jawbone—is a known side effect of treatment with denosumab or zoledronic acid.

The authors examined almost 2900 denosumab‐ or zoledronic acid–treated patients with cancer in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.

Over the course of 5 years, ONJ developed in 5.7% of the patients whose initial treatment was denosumab, in 1.4% of the patients whose initial treatment was zoledronic acid, and in 6.6% of the patients who switched from zoledronic acid to denosumab.
Holistic rehabilitation for children with cancer: The Chilean model
Authors: Celedón Vera , Rossell Nuria , Zubieta Marcela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe increasingly positive outcomes of childhood cancer treatments are among the most inspiring stories in modern medicine. Many of the children and adolescents surviving cancer will have a healthy life; however, many others will suffer from physical, cognitive, psychological, and social sequelae. During treatment, many children experience multiple temporary and permanent side effects which negatively impact their quality of life. Low‐ and middle‐income countries where childhood cancer treatment outcomes are improving are facing the reality of a growing population of teenagers and young adults suffering from long‐term disease‐ and treatment‐related consequences. In Chile, 500 children are diagnosed with cancer each year. Treatment is granted for all through public health policies and NGO collaboration. In order to address the complex problems from acute and long‐term consequences of disease and treatment, the Oncological Rehabilitation Center Fundación Nuestros Hijos (CROFNH) provides multidisciplinary attention to an extensive variety of rehabilitation needs for children and adolescents with cancer. With its integrated services in the medical treatment of children and adolescents with cancer, the CROFNH helps reduce the impact of treatment‐related side effects in children's daily lives, improves quality of life, and aims at contributing to these children becoming independent and functional adults to the maximum of their capacities. The aim of this article is to show the experience of the Chilean Oncological Rehabilitation Centre and its unique multidisciplinary approach. In addition, we discuss the successful telerehabilitation strategy implemented in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in order to secure continuity of treatment.
Generation of chaotic random binary sequences for cryptographic applications
Authors: S. Sheela , S. V. Sathyanarayana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn stream cipher systems, random key sequence generation is the primary task. The concept of chaotic systems can be considered in generating a random key sequence due to its inherent randomness property. Though the chaotic real sequences are random, the randomness will be lost after converting them to binary sequences. In this context, the authors propose a technique which uses a non‐linear feedback system to enhance the randomness of the binary sequences. In this work, three binary chaotic sequences using a logistic map are generated with three different initial conditions and each real value of the chaotic sequence is converted to ‘k’ bit binary value using a thresholding function. Some of the resulting sequences are not random. Hence, in this article a non‐linear structure is used to make the resulting sequence random. Here, a non‐linear function similar to the structure of the Simplified Data Encryption Standard is used to generate a sequence using two non‐random chaotic binary sequences. The resulting sequence is XORed with another non‐random chaotic binary sequence to get a random sequence. Sequences obtained from this nonlinear system are subjected to randomness tests and the results indicate that the sequences pass all the randomness tests. Hence, the sequences qualify as random key sequences, which can be used in a stream cipher based system to encrypt the data samples like audio, image, video, and so forth.
Accuracy of genomic prediction for seed oil concentration in high‐oleic soybean populations using a low‐density marker panel
Authors: Hemingway Joel , Schnebly Steve R. , Rajcan Istvan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInsoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], seed oil concentration is a complex quantitative trait, and genomic selection (GS) has been shown to be a valuable tool for performing selection on such traits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate multiple GS models for seed oil concentration using a low‐density marker panel in four biparental soybean populations and to assess predictive ability of the models using six unique training populations (TPs). Individuals were grown as BC1F4:F5 progeny rows in 2014. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were calculated for each genotype within a population using genomic best linear unbiased predictor (GBLUP), BayesA, and BayesB models in a biparental specific context. In 2015, 60 individuals from each population were randomly selected and grown at six locations with two replications each to generate a “true” phenotypic value for each genotype. Prediction accuracies for each estimation set were generated by correlating the GEBVs with the “true” phenotypic value. Across all populations, the GS prediction accuracy was greatest using GBLUP; however, no GS prediction model showed a significant advantage in accuracy over the phenotypic values. Generally, TPs consisting of more individuals had higher prediction accuracies; however, variations were observed across populations and models. The results show that GS in a biparental context and with low marker densities can be a valuable tool for breeders focused on making gains for oil concentration; however, consideration must be given as to how to apply these methods to each situation.
Performance evaluation of GNRFET and TMDFET devices in static random access memory cells design
Authors: Abbasian Erfan , Gholipour Morteza , Izadinasab Farzaneh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGraphene nanoribbon and transition metal dichalcogenide field‐effect transistors (GNRFETs and TMDFETs) have emerged as favorable candidates to replace conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) transistor in future technologies. Their competence must be proven through the study and evaluation of various circuits, including static random access memories (SRAMs). Therefore, this paper presents a single‐ended 12T (SE12T) SRAM cell designed using GNRFETs and TMDFETs to evaluate their performance. The proposed SE12T cell designed with GNRFETs/TMDFET device improves read static noise margin by 1.95×/3.20× and incurs a penalty of 1.16×/1.14× in read delay compared to the GNRFETs/TMDFET‐based fully differential 8T cell through a read buffer, decoupling the bitline from the storing nodes during the read operation. Furthermore, two transmission gates (TGs) placed inside the cell core cut off the feedback of cross‐coupled inverters pair during the write operation, enhancing write static noise margin by 1.65×/1.71×. These two TGs along with high logic level of virtual ground (VGND) control signal during hold mode reduce leakage power. Existence of a higher number of p‐type MOS (PMOS) devices, the presence of stacked transistors, and being single‐ended bitcell further reduce this metric, nearly 1.48×/1.17× designed with GNRFETs/TMDFET device as compared to FD8T. Furthermore, it is observed from the results that GNRFET‐based designs have better performance than those of their TMDFET counterparts. The proposed cell eliminates write half‐select disturb, and therefore, bit‐interleaving architecture can be applied to reduce multi‐bit errors.
The PD‐1/PD‐L1 binding inhibitor BMS‐202 suppresses the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins and enhances apoptosis via p38 MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Ying , Zhang Jinglin , Qiu Jingtao , Cui Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo determine whether BMS‐202 can disrupt the pituitary gland and reproductive system. BMS‐202 (2.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into adult female mice every 96 h for four times. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, double immunofluorescence staining and radioimmunoassays (RIA) were used to study the expressions of programmed death receptor 1 (PD‐1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), and detect changes after BMS‐202 treatment in the mouse pituitary gland. PD‐1 and PD‐L1 were expressed in the mouse pituitary gland. Further functional studies demonstrated that BMS‐202 inhibited the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins and prolonged the estrous cycle in mice. Moreover, the increases of cleaved caspase3 (c‐caspase3) protein level both in vivo and in vitro indicated that BMS‐202 induced apoptosis. Additionally, the effects of BMS‐202 on follicle‐stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone mRNA levels were blocked by a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Of note, the inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway decreased the apoptosis induced by BMS‐202. BMS‐202, as a drug which inhibits the formation of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 complex, disrupts the normal function of the pituitary gland. Importantly, the results confirmed the potential insecurity of BMS‐202 in the pituitary gland and provided data to support the evaluation of its clinical application.
Blood‐to‐muscle distribution and urinary excretion of higenamine in rats
Authors: Chang William Chih‐Wei , Yen Ching‐Chi , Liu Wan‐Yi , Hsieh Yun‐Shan , Hsu Mei‐Chich , Wu Yu‐Tse 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigenamine is a β2‐agonist that has been prohibited in sports by the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Higenamine could potentially promote anabolism and lipolysis; however, its crucial pharmacokinetics data, particularly muscle distribution, remain unavailable. The present study aims to investigate the blood‐to‐muscle distribution as well as the urinary excretion of higenamine in laboratory rats. In the first experiment, the microdialysis technique was employed to continuously measure free, protein‐unbound concentrations in blood and muscle for 90 min (sampling at a 5‐min interval) after rats received IV infusion of higenamine. The mean half‐lives of higenamine in blood and muscle were 17.9 and 19.0 min, respectively. The blood‐to‐muscle distribution ratio (AUCmuscle/AUCblood) of higenamine was estimated to be 22%. In the second experiment, rats were orally administered with a single‐dose higenamine, and their urine samples were profiled at a 12‐h interval for up to 48 h. Results showed only a small portion of total consumption (1.44%, ranging 0.71%–2.50%) was excreted in the urine. Among these time points, about 43% cumulative amount of higenamine was eliminated within the first 12 h. Our data suggested that one‐quarter of the unbound higenamine rapidly penetrates from the vessels into muscle, distributes to the interstitial fluid, then eliminates from the rat in a short span of time. The muscle tissue is likely to have a low binding affinity for higenamine, and renal excretion plays a minor role in its elimination. Together, our findings provide valuable pharmacokinetics data that may gain deeper insights into higenamine's role in skeletal muscle functions.
Reevaluating claims of ecological speciation in Halichoeres bivittatus
Authors: Warren Dan L. , Eytan Ron I. , Dornburg Alex , Iglesias Teresa L. , Brandley Matthew C. , Wainwright Peter C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAllopatry has traditionally been viewed as the primary driver of speciation in marine taxa, but the geography of the marine environment and the larval dispersal capabilities of many marine organisms render this view somewhat questionable. In marine fishes, one of the earliest and most highly cited empirical examples of ecological speciation with gene flow is the slippery dick wrasse, Halichoeres bivittatus. Evidence for this cryptic or incipient speciation event was primarily in the form of a deep divergence in a single mitochondrial locus between the northern and southern Gulf of Mexico, combined with a finding that these two haplotypes were associated with different habitat types (“tropical” vs. “subtropical”) in the Florida Keys and Bermuda, where they overlap. Here, we examine habitat assortment in the Florida Keys using a broader sampling of populations and habitat types than were available for the original study. We find no evidence to support the claim that haplotype frequencies differ between habitat types, and little evidence to support any differences between populations in the Keys. These results undermine claims of ecological speciation with gene flow in Halichoeres bivittatus. Future claims of this type should be supported by multiple lines of evidence that illuminate potential mechanisms and allow researchers to rule out alternative explanations for spatial patterns of genetic differences.