bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InsectChange: a global database of temporal changes in insect and arachnid assemblages
Authors: van Klink Roel , Bowler Diana E. , Comay Orr , Driessen Michael M. , Ernest S. K. Morgan , Gentile Alessandro , Gilbert Francis , Gongalsky Konstantin B. , Owen Jennifer , Pe'er Guy , Pe'er Israel , Resh Vincent H. , Rochlin Ilia , Schuch Sebastian , Swengel Ann B. , Swengel Scott R. , Valone Thomas J. , Vermeulen Rikjan , Wepprich Tyson , Wiedmann Jerome L. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInsects are the most ubiquitous and diverse group of eukaryotic organisms on Earth, forming a crucial link in terrestrial and freshwater food webs. They have recently become the subject of headlines because of observations of dramatic declines in some places. Although there are hundreds of long‐term insect monitoring programs, a global database for long‐term data on insect assemblages has so far remained unavailable. In order to facilitate synthetic analyses of insect abundance changes, we compiled a database of long‐term (≥10 yr) studies of assemblages of insects (many also including arachnids) in the terrestrial and freshwater realms. We searched the scientific literature and public repositories for data on insect and arachnid monitoring using standardized protocols over a time span of 10 yr or longer, with at least two sampling events. We focused on studies that presented or allowed calculation of total community abundance or biomass. We extracted data from tables, figures, and appendices, and, for data sets that provided raw data, we standardized trapping effort over space and time when necessary. For each site, we extracted provenance details (such as country, state, and continent) as well as information on protection status, land use, and climatic details from publicly available GIS sources. In all, the database contains 1,668 plot‐level time series sourced from 165 studies with samples collected between 1925 and 2018. Sixteen data sets provided here were previously unpublished. Studies were separated into those collected in the terrestrial realm (103 studies with a total of 1,053 plots) and those collected in the freshwater realm (62 studies with 615 plots). Most studies were from Europe (48%) and North America (29%), with 34% of the plots located in protected areas. The median monitoring time span was 19 yr, with 12 sampling years. The number of individuals was reported in 129 studies, the total biomass was reported in 13 studies, and both abundance and biomass were reported in 23 studies. This data set is published under a CC‐BY license, requiring attribution of the data source. Please cite this paper if the data are used in publications, and respect the licenses of the original sources when using (part of) their data as detailed in Metadata S1: Table 1.
Community change can buffer chronic nitrogen impacts, but multiple nutrients tip the scale
Authors: Wilcots Megan E. , Harpole W. Stanley , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs are causing large changes in ecosystems worldwide. Many previous studies have examined the impact of N on terrestrial ecosystems; however, most have added N at rates that are much higher than predicted future deposition rates. Here, we present the results from a gradient of experimental N addition (0–10 g·N·m−2) in a temperate grassland. After a decade of N addition, we found that all levels of N addition changed plant functional group composition, likely indicating altered function for plant communities exposed to 10 yr of N inputs. However, N addition only had weak impacts on species composition and this functional group shift was not driven by any particular species, suggesting high levels of functional redundancy among grasslands species. Adding other nutrients (P, K, and micronutrients) in combination with N caused substantially greater changes in the relative abundance of species and functional groups. Together, these results suggest that compositional change within functional groups may buffer grasslands from impacts of N deposition, but concurrent eutrophication with other elements will likely lead to substantial changes in plant composition and biomass.
A trusted distributed routing scheme for wireless sensor networks using blockchain and meta‐heuristics‐based deep learning technique
Authors: Revanesh M , Sridhar Venugopalachar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe wireless sensor network (WSN) with fluctuating environs might be susceptible to diverse types of malicious cyber‐attacks, and they are mostly dependent on the authentication and encryption algorithm to astound this challenge. Most predominant routing schemes in literature are fall backs in characterizing the malicious nodes on networks due to the real time variation of routing information. Therefore, a reliable and trustworthy inter‐correlated routing scheme based on Block chain, Meta‐heuristic, and Deep Learning Algorithms are presented in this paper. The disseminated routing info in the WSN is handled by Block chain strategy, in which the optimal routing is accomplished with the help of Salp Swarm Optimization algorithm. The routing info variations between the nodes are envisaged and the optimal routing decisions are done by using the Deep Convolutional Neural network algorithm. The proposed routing scheme is implemented in NS2 and its performance is evaluated based on latency, energy consumption, and throughput metrics are analyzed. The efficiency of the method is improved as 97% and the evaluation is done for the malicious attacks, latency, and the delay. The comparison is made for the existing methods as particle swarm optimization, Markov decision process, security disjoint routing‐based verified message, trusted‐cluster–based routing, and reinforcement learning‐based neural network (RLNN) with the proposed method for the delay ratio.
Patient violence, physicians treatment decisions, and patient welfare: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Xiaoxue , Torgler Benno , Dulleck Uwe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough violence in healthcare settings has become a common occurrence worldwide, there is limited evidence on the spillover effects of patient violence on physicians' medical decisions. Utilizing microdata on inpatients from a major public hospital, we investigated how extreme patient violence—the murder of a physician in China—affected physicians' treatment decisions and patient welfare in a hospital geographically distant from the murder site. By matching this patient dataset to physician profiles, we performed a difference‐in‐differences analysis in which the treatment group comprised patients admitted shortly before and after the murder shock, and the control group consisted of patients admitted during the same months in the previous year. Immediately after the shock, the provision of medical treatment was notably higher, with a 16.9% increase in the number of surgeries and a 9.5% increase in the treatment expenditures. However, patient health outcomes were worse, with an increased mortality rate of 0.9% points. Findings suggest that patient violence dramatically changed physician behavior, causing negative consequences on patients even when the healthcare workers were not direct victims of patient violence.
Digitisation and realtime sharing of unified surveillance tool and clinicopathological data for efficient management of disease outbreaks
Authors: Shrivastva Suyesh , Chakma Tapas , Das Aparup , Verma Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExisting chronic co‐morbidities in a population affect the clinical outcome of infectious diseases. In order to devise better management strategies at community level, patients related clinicopathological as well as local health care infrastructure data is required. The use of digitised, unified, multilingual surveillance tool may facilitate real‐time sharing of clinicopathological data and better service delivery to the affected communities. In this article, we discuss that how digital collection, collation and sharing of health‐related data may improve planning and management of disease outbreaks.
Bone regeneration in both small and large preclinical bone defect models using an injectable polymer‐based substitute containing hydroxyapatite and reconstituted with saline or autologous blood
Authors: Maurel Delphine B , Fénelon Mathilde , Aid‐Launais Rachida , Bidault Laurent , Le Nir Alice , Renard Martine , Fricain Jean‐Christophe , Letourneur Didier , Amédée Joëlle , Catros Sylvain 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMicrobeads consisting of pullulan and dextran supplemented with hydroxyapatite have recently been developed for bone tissue engineering applications. Here, we evaluate the bone formation in two different preclinical models after injection of microbeads reconstituted with either saline buffer or autologous blood. Addition of saline solution or autologous blood to dried microbeads packaged into syringes allowed an easy injection. In the first rat bone defect model performed in the femoral condyle, microcomputed tomography performed after 30 and 60 days revealed an important mineralization process occurring around and within the core of the microbeads in both conditions. Bone volume/total volume measurements revealed no significant differences between the saline solution and the autologous blood groups. Histologically, osteoid tissue was evidenced around and in contact of the microbeads in both conditions. Using the sinus lift model performed in sheep, cone beam computed tomography revealed an important mineralization inside the sinus cavity for both groups after 3 months of implantation. Representative Masson trichrome staining images showed that bone formation occurs at the periphery and inside the microbeads in both conditions. Quantitative evaluation of the new bone formation displayed no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, reconstitution of microbeads with autologous blood did not enhance the regenerative capacity of these microbeads compared to the saline buffer group. This study is of particular interest for clinical applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Enhanced osteogenic potential of unzipped carbon nanotubes for tissue engineering
Authors: Patel Dinesh K. , Dutta Sayan Deb , Ganguly Keya , Kim Jin‐Woo , Lim Ki‐Taek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted significant interest for various applications owing to their superior physicochemical properties. The unzipping of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes was accomplished by strong acid treatment. The solution of unzipped carbon nanotubes (u‐CNTs) was homogeneous and stable. The u‐CNTs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dimensions and morphologies of the synthesized u‐CNTs were examined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The u‐CNTs exhibited increased zeta potential and diameter compared with pure CNTs. A decrease in the thermal stability was observed in the u‐CNTs compared with pure CNTs. The u‐CNTs exhibited better biocompatibility than pure CNTs in the presence of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, showing improved biocompatibility. The u‐CNT‐treated media generated lower amounts of reactive oxygen species than pure CNTs. Enhanced mineralization was observed in the u‐CNT‐treated groups compared with the pure CNTs and the control, indicating its better osteogenic potential. The upregulation of osteogenic‐associated gene markers in u‐CNT groups compared with pure CNTs confirms their superior osteogenic potential. Thus, u‐CNTs are potential candidates for tissue engineering applications, especially bone tissue.
Factors Associated With Adherence to Osteoporosis Medications Among Male Veterans
Authors: Sagalla Nicole , Lee Richard , Sloane Richard , Lyles Kenneth , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTRisk factors for nonadherence to osteoporosis medication have been well described for cohorts of women with osteoporosis, but little is known about predictors or mediators of nonadherence in men. We conducted a secondary analysis of a national cohort of male veterans to explore factors associated with nonadherence to osteoporosis medications. We included veterans with a prescription for an oral bisphosphonate or calcitonin between 2000 and 2010. We identified demographic, comorbid, and fracture‐related risk factors by their International Classification of Diseases‐9 (ICD‐9) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate their association with adherence. Adherence was measured by medication possession ratio (MPR) over 5 years, starting at the time of their first prescription during the study period and censoring at death or end of study period. Of 135,306 men identified with at least one prescription for an osteoporosis medication during the study period, 90,406 (67%) were nonadherent (MPR < 0.80). The median duration of therapy was 3.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.7–5.0). In the fully adjusted model, the odds of adherence were lower in those aged <65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.89), with no copay (OR = 0.78; 95% CI 0.76–0.80), dementia (OR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.83–0.91), anxiety/depression (OR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.90–0.95), tobacco use (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.89–0.94), alcohol abuse (OR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.89–0.94), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.87–0.97), and on androgen deprivation therapy (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.83–0.95). The odds of adherence were higher in whites (OR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.11–1.17), with a prior screening colonoscopy (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.09–1.14), on alendronate versus other agents (OR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.55–1.67), with a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) (OR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.12–1.17), on glucocorticoids (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.02–1.14), and with recent fracture (OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.04–1.10). In conclusion, adherence to oral bisphosphonates/calcitonin is poor, with particular subgroups at greatest risk. These findings may help tailor approaches for supporting adherence in men prescribed osteoporosis medications. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Genetic interaction between glyoxylate pathway regulator UCC1 and La‐motif‐encoding SRO9 regulates stress response and growth rate improvement in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Pandita Monika , Shoket Heena , Rakewal Aayushi , Wazir Shreya , Kumar Prabhat , Kumar Rakesh , Bairwa Narendra K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNonavailability of glucose as a carbon source results in glyoxylate pathway activation, which metabolizes nonfermentable carbon for energy generation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ucc1p of S. cerevisiae inhibits activation of the glyoxylate pathway by targeting Cit2p, a key glyoxylate enzyme for ubiquitin‐mediated proteasomal degradation when glucose is available as a carbon source. Sro9p, a La‐motif protein involved in RNA biogenesis, interacts physically with the messenger RNA of UCC1; however, its functional relevance is yet to be discovered. This study presents binary epistatic interaction between UCC1 and SRO9, with functional implication on the growth rate, response to genotoxic stress, resistance to apoptosis, and petite mutation. Cells with ucc1Δsro9Δ, as their genetic background, exhibit alteration in morphology, improvement in growth rate, resistance to apoptosis, and petite mutation. Moreover, the study indicates a cross‐link between ubiquitin‐proteasome system and RNA biogenesis and metabolism, with applications in industrial fermentation and screening for cancer therapeutics.
The genetic counseling profession in Austria: Stakeholders’ perspectives
Authors: Schwaninger Gunda , Benjamin Caroline , Rudnik‐Schöneborn Sabine , Zschocke Johannes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn contrast to most European countries, genetic counseling in Austria, Germany, and German‐speaking Switzerland is exclusively carried out by medical doctors. In this study, we investigate the perspectives of key clinician stakeholders in Austrian genetics services regarding prerequisites, opportunities, and challenges of implementing master's trained genetic counselors. Semi‐structured interviews with open‐ended questions and thematic analysis were carried out with nine participants, mostly medical geneticists at different hierarchy levels from three Centers for Medical Genetics in Austria. Several Austrian medical geneticists strongly object to the implementation of non‐physician genetic counselors, and representatives of 3/6 medical genetic centers declined to be interviewed. Semantic framing was identified as a critical factor: In German medical language, patient consultations carried out by medical geneticists are generally called ‘Genetische Beratung’ (genetic counseling), and many medical geneticists see themselves primarily as ‘Genetische Berater’ (genetic counselors). ‘Genetic counseling’ is specified as an exclusively medical task in Austrian law. There is apprehension that the introduction of non‐physician genetic counselors could reduce quality and undermine the position of medical genetics as a clinical specialty. The situation in Austria resembles that in Germany. Our study highlights the need for a clear definition of roles, expertise, and scope of practice of different genetic professionals. The integration of genetic counselors into Austrian genetics services is most likely acceptable in multi‐professional teams, closely affiliated with medical genetic services, and under the medico‐legal oversight of medical geneticists.
Performance of two prognostic scores that incorporate genetic information to predict long‐term outcomes following resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases: An external validation of the MD Anderson and JHH‐MSK scores
Authors: Sasaki Kazunari , Gagnière Johan , Dupré Aurélien , Ardiles Victoria , O'Connor Juan Manuel , Wang Jaeyun , Moro Amika , Morioka Daisuke , Buettner Stefan , Gau Laurence , Ribeiro Mathieu , Wagner Doris , Andreatos Nikolaos , Løes Inger Marie , Fitschek Fabian , Kaczirek Klaus , Lønning Per Eystein , Kornprat Peter , Poultsides George , Kamphues Carsten , Imai Katsunori , Baba Hideo , Endo Itaru , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Aucejo Federico N. , de Santibañes Eduardo , Kreis Martin E. , Margonis Georgios Antonios 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionTwo novel clinical risk scores (CRS) that incorporate KRAS mutation status were developed: modified CRS (mCRS) and GAME score. However, they have not been tested in large national and international cohorts. The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic discrimination utility and determine the clinical usefulness of the two novel CRS.MethodsPatients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM (2000‐2018) in 10 centers were included. The discriminatory abilities of mCRS, GAME, and Fong CRS were evaluated using Harrell's C‐index and Akaike's Information Criterion.ResultsIn the entire cohort, the C‐index of the GAME score (0.61) was significantly higher than those of Fong score (0.57) and mCRS (0.54), while the C‐Index of mCRS was significantly lower than that of Fong score. When we compared the models in the various geographical regions, the C‐index of GAME score was significantly higher than that of mCRS in North America, Europe, and South America. The AIC of Fong score, mCRS, and GAME score were 14 405, 14 447, and 14 319, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, using the largest and most heterogenous population of CRLM patients with known KRAS status, this independent, external validation demonstrated that the GAME score outperforms both the traditional Fong score and mCRS.
What induces the interdecadal shift of the dipole patterns of summer precipitation trends over the Tibetan Plateau?
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Huopo , Li Hua , Zhang Guoqing , Wang Huijun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrecipitation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) exert great impacts on the energy, water cycle, and regional ecosystem. But due to the wide differences in climate regimes and complicated topography, TP precipitation is characterized as greater spatial diversity and lower confidence of temporal tendency. Based on the precipitation datasets from in situ observations, reanalysis, and satellites, this study identifies the interdecadal shift of the summer precipitation trends in the southern and northern TP, which corresponds well with the remarkable changes of TP lakes area in recent years. The statistical results indicate that the TP summer precipitation has experienced an interdecadal transition in the late 1990s, with precipitation increasing and then decreasing in the southern TP, and decreasing and then increasing in the northern TP. Further analyses suggest that the changes in moisture budget and convection activities play an important role in the interdecadal variations of precipitation in the northern and southern TP, respectively. More specifically, the variations in the southern TP are contributed largely by the persistent weakening sensible heat source, which can depress the ascending motion and hinder the northward moisture transport in the southern TP. While in the northern TP, both observations and model sensitivity experiments indicate that the co‐effect of the cold interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and warm Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) has profound impacts on the decadal shift of the net moisture budget in the northern TP. Specifically, the AMO can impact the Lake Baikal anticyclone through the anomalous wave propagation and then decrease the moisture output in the eastern TP. While the IPO can weaken the climatological westerlies and prompt the moisture to get stuck in the northern TP. Consequently, the variations in the net moisture budget can give rise to the decadal variations in summer precipitation in the northern TP.
Contributions of natural climate variability on the trends of seasonal precipitation extremes over China
Authors: Cao Fuqiang , Gao Tao , Dan Li , Zhao Fengxia , Gong Xiang , Zhang Xinyu , Long Xiaoyu , Zhan Junjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe increased trends of extreme precipitation events over China have been partially attributed to global warming, while it is unclear how the natural climate variability affect these variations in extreme rainfall trends. Here we examine the contributions of large‐scale modes climate variability from the Pacific Ocean, which are represented by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), on the trends of seasonal extreme events across China. Results show that the effects of climate variability modes on precipitation extremes exhibit evidently spatiotemporal characteristics at the seasonal scale. A significant positive trend is found over southeastern and northwestern China in four seasons, and substantial increases in two types of extreme events are also seen over northwestern China in spring and winter. Most of the seasonal trends of extreme precipitation events can be explained by the trends of the principal components. El Niño (La Niña) and PDO–like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Pacific have a close linkage with the variations in precipitation extremes. By modulating the large‐scale atmospheric circulations, these Pacific SST anomalies associated with climatic oscillations, such as ENSO and PDO, provide the conducive conditions responsible for the occurrences of seasonal precipitation extremes across China. The seasonal trends of extreme events can be largely explained by the variability of the ENSO and PDO episodes, with a relatively larger modulation of PDO as compared to ENSO. These researches have important implications for improving seasonal flood disaster predictability and climate model performances.