bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-omics analysis reveals contextual tumor suppressive and oncogenic gene modules within the acute hypoxic response
Authors: Andrysik Zdenek , Bender Heather , Galbraith Matthew D. , Espinosa Joaquin M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCellular adaptation to hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer, but the relative contribution of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) versus other oxygen sensors to tumorigenesis is unclear. We employ a multi-omics pipeline including measurements of nascent RNA to characterize transcriptional changes upon acute hypoxia. We identify an immediate early transcriptional response that is strongly dependent on HIF1A and the kinase activity of its cofactor CDK8, includes indirect repression of MYC targets, and is highly conserved across cancer types. HIF1A drives this acute response via conserved high-occupancy enhancers. Genetic screen data indicates that, in normoxia, HIF1A displays strong cell-autonomous tumor suppressive effects through a gene module mediating mTOR inhibition. Conversely, in advanced malignancies, expression of a module of HIF1A targets involved in collagen remodeling is associated with poor prognosis across diverse cancer types. In this work, we provide a valuable resource for investigating context-dependent roles of HIF1A and its targets in cancer biology.
Computational modelling of nanotube delivery of anti-cancer drug into glutathione reductase enzyme
Authors: Begum Saheen Shehnaz , Das Dharitri , Gour Nand Kishor , Deka Ramesh Chandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDensity functional theory method combined with docking and molecular dynamics simulations are used to understand the interaction of carmustine with human glutathione reductase enzyme. The active site of the enzyme is evaluated by docking simulation is used for molecular dynamics simulation to deliver the carmustine molecule by (5,5) single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). Our model of carmustine in the active site of GR gives a negative binding energy that is further refined by QM/MM study in gas phase and solvent phase to confirm the stability of the drug molecule inside the active site. Once released from SWCNT, carmustine forms multiple polar and non-polar hydrogen bonding interactions with Tyr180, Phe209, Lys318, Ala319, Leu320, Leu321, Ile350, Thr352 and Val354 in the range of 2–4 Å. The SWCNT vehicle itself is held fix at its place due to multiple pi-pi stacking, pi-amide, pi-sigma interactions with the neighboring residues. These interactions in the range of 3–5 Å are crucial in holding the nanotube outside the drug binding region, hence, making an effective delivery. This study can be extended to envisage the potential applications of computational studies in the modification of known drugs to find newer targets and designing new and improved controlled drug delivery systems.
A study on the characteristics of cognitive function in patients with multiple system atrophy in China
Authors: Li Nannan , Yang Tianwen , Ran Weizheng , Zhang Xinning , Wang Yao , Xu Zhifang , Ren Shan , Zhao Qianyu , Guo Bingyu , Wang Sushi , Meng Fanxing , Chen Zhigang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonmotor symptoms in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) have received an increasing amount of attention in recent years, but no research on MSA patients' cognitive characteristics has been conducted in China. To evaluate the cognitive function of MSA patients in China. Using a case–control study design, 256 MSA patients and 64 controls were evaluated by the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale to characterize their cognitive function. Like the controls, 60.5% of the patients with MSA had cognitive impairment, but the characteristics of cognitive impairment between the two groups were different. The cognitive impairment in MSA patients was prominent in the cognitive domains of visuospatial/executive functions, naming, attention, and orientation; particularly, the visuospatial/executive functions were the most significantly impaired, while impairment in language function was mainly seen in the controls. Besides, impairments in visuospatial/executive functions, attention, language, and orientation were more prominent in MSA-P (MSA with predominant Parkinsonism) patients than in MSA-C (MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia). The cognitive impairments were more severe in patients with probable MSA than in patients with possible MSA. In addition, the results showed that the level of cognitive function was negatively correlated with the severity of MSA. This study, which characterized the cognitive function of MSA patients with the largest sample size known so far in China, found that patients with MSA do have cognitive impairment and display specific characteristics. Therefore, the cognitive impairment of MSA should be paid more attention.The study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (Registration No: ChiCTR1900022462).
Nanophotonic crystals on unpolished sapphire substrates for deep-UV light-emitting diodes
Authors: Tran Tinh Binh , AlQatari Feras , Luc Quang-Ho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new method has been established and employed to create a random nanophotonic crystal (NPhC) structure without photolithography on the unpolished side of a single-side-polished sapphire substrate. This nano structure has potential use in enhancing the light-extraction efficiency (LEE) of deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs), and has never been built for DUV-LED applications before. Two mask layers in the nano scale (Au and SiO2) were used to create the NPhC and observed using scanning electron microscopy to have an average height of 400 nm and various sizes from 10 to 200 nm. Finally, a conventional DUV-LED and a DUV-LED device with NPhC were simulated using 2D Lumerical Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) for comparison. The results show that the LEE of the DUV-LED device with this NPhC integrated was significantly directly enhanced by up to 46% and 90% for TE and TM modes, respectively, compared to the conventional DUV-LED device. Thus, this NPhC is believed to be a new, key technique to enhance the LEE of DUV-LEDs.
Treatment of distal clavicle fracture of Neer type II with locking plate in combination with titanium cable under the guide
Authors: Wang Jun , Guan Jie , Liu Minbo , Cui Yongfeng , Zhang Yuhang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo observe and compare the curative effect of a locking plate plus titanium cable under the Guide device and clavicular hook plate in the treatment of Neer type II distal clavicle fractures. A prospective cohort study was conducted to analyse the clinical data of 36 patients with distal clavicle fractures from January 2016 to January 2019. The results were analysed. According to the random number method, the patients were divided into two groups: the titanium cable group (fixed with a titanium cable in combination with a locking plate) and hook plate group (fixed with a clavicular hook plate only). Under the guidance of a special device (for which a patent was obtained), in the titanium cable group, the coracoclavicular ligament was fixed with tension reduction, and then the distal clavicular fracture was fixed with a locking plate. In the hook plate group, the distal clavicle fracture was fixed with a hook plate. The incision length, operation time, bleeding volume and VAS score before, 1 week after and 1 year after the operation were compared between the two groups. The effect of the operation was evaluated by the Constant-Murley score before and 1 year after the operation. X-ray films were taken 2 days, 3 months, half a year and 1 year after the operation to observe the reduction and healing of fractures. At the same time, complications were recorded. The amount of bleeding was the same in the two groups. The operation time in the hook plate group was relatively short, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The VAS score in the titanium cable group was significantly lower than that in the hook plate group one year after the operation. The Constant-Murley score in the titanium cable group and hook plate group was significantly higher 1 year after the operation. The number of postoperative complications in the titanium cable group was significantly lower than that in the hook plate group. The treatment of Neer type II distal clavicle fractures with a titanium cable plus a locking plate has a good curative effect, few complications and good postoperative recovery and thus is worth popularizing.
A new synthetic protectin D1 analog 3-oxa-PD1n-3 DPA reduces neuropathic pain and chronic itch in mice
Authors: Nesman Jannicke Irina , Chen Ouyang , Luo Xin , Ji Ru-Rong , Serhan Charles N. , Hansen Trond Vidar 
Published: March 2021

The novel protectin D1 analog 3-oxa-PD1n-3 DPA was synthesized. Nanogram amounts of this analog reduces neuropathic pain and chronic itch, and shows analgesic action in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy.
Formation of Ni(ii)-phenoxyl radical complexes by O2: a mechanistic insight into the reaction of Ni(ii)-phenol complexes with O2
Authors: Suzuki Takashi , Sato Akari , Oshita Hiromi , Yajima Tatsuo , Tani Fumito , Abe Hitoshi , Mieda-Higa Kaoru , Yanagisawa Sachiko , Ogura Takashi , Shimazaki Yuichi 
Published: March 2021

The reaction of Ni(ii)-(phenol)(phenolate) complexes with O2 gave the Ni(ii)-phenoxyl radical complexes assisted by CH3OH. This reaction was concluded to undergo via the proton transfer–electron transfer type mechanism without redox of the Ni ion.
Evaluating the Language ENvironment Analysis System for Korean
Authors: McDonald Margarethe , Kwon Taeahn , Kim Hyunji , Lee Youngki , Ko Eon-Suk 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The algorithm of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system for calculating language environment measures was trained on American English; thus, its validity with other languages cannot be assumed. This article evaluates the accuracy of the LENA system applied to Korean.

Method
We sampled sixty 5-min recording clips involving 38 key children aged 7–18 months from a larger data set. We establish the identification error rate, precision, and recall of LENA classification compared to human coders. We then examine the correlation between standard LENA measures of adult word count, child vocalization count, and conversational turn count and human counts of the same measures.

Results

Our identification error rate (64% or 67%), including false alarm, confusion, and misses, was similar to the rate found in
Cristia, Lavechin, et al. (2020)
. The correlation between LENA and human counts for adult word count (
r
= .78 or .79) was similar to that found in the other studies, but the same measure for child vocalization count (
r
= .34–.47) was lower than the value in Cristia, Lavechin, et al., though it fell within ranges found in other non-European languages. The correlation between LENA and human conversational turn count was not high (
r
= .36–.47), similar to the findings in other studies.

Conclusions
LENA technology is similarly reliable for Korean language environments as it is for other non-English language environments. Factors affecting the accuracy of diarization include speakers' pitch, duration of utterances, age, and the presence of noise and electronic sounds.
Small‐signal‐based study of a two stage AC/DC and DC/DC battery charger using battery one time constant model
Authors: Hajisadeghian Hossein , Motie Birjandi Ali Akbar , Asadi Mehdi , Vazini Hossein 
Published: March 2021

This study focuses on considering battery one time constant model in the design of controllers of a two‐stage AC/DC and DC/DC battery charger using the small‐signal approach. For this aim, small‐signal models of DC/DC and AC/DC converters and also the battery model are obtained. Moreover, the effect of disturbance terms are analysed to be omitted in controller loops. Simulation and experimental results of a 1 kW laboratory prototype show appropriate performance of designed controllers in tracking reference signals. Also, tuned controllers using this approach have guaranteed unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion. Furthermore, a complete charge cycle of a lithium‐ion battery evaluates the performance of the converter in different constant current/voltage controlling modes. In comparison with restive model consideration, results show a more accurate model with grater damping ration and better stability characteristics.
Zur Beziehungsgestaltung mit Künstlicher emotionaler Intelligenz – vom „Hier und Jetzt“ zum „Dort und Dann“
Authors: Jordan Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Beziehungsgestaltung in der Vergangenheit, der Gegenwart und der Zukunft wird von der Idee des Humanismus geprägt. Getragen von diesem Konstrukt beleuchtet der Beitrag verschiedene Aspekte und Ausgestaltungen des Humanismus auf einer Zeitachse vom „Hier und Jetzt“ zum „Dort und Dann“. Die gegenwärtige Versorgungsrealität geht mit einer emotionalen Entfremdung menschlicher Beziehungen einher. Eine voranschreitende Technologie und reduktionistische neurobiologische Vorstellungen können den Blick auf das psychische Kranksein eines Menschen in seiner Ganzheit erschweren. Jede (Kommunikations-)Technik, die in der Vergangenheit entwickelt wurde oder in der Zukunft noch zu entwickeln ist, wird früher oder später Einzug in die Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie halten und Beziehungen verändern. Der Transhumanismus birgt die Gefahr, dass die Menschen sich voneinander und ihrer Gattung entfremden. Neuronale Netzwerke sind Algorithmen, welche unabhängig von der verwendeten Hardware funktionieren, sei es, sie basieren auf organischen Kohlenstoffeinheiten wie der Mensch oder auf nichtorganischen Siliziumeinheiten wie der Computer/Cyborg. Es wird verschiedene Wege geben, eine Superintelligenz zu erlangen. Dabei ist Intelligenz ein „Muss“ und Bewusstsein ein „Kann“. Wenn es zu einem Wandel von einem homo- zu einem datenzentrischen Weltbild kommt und die Macht der Menschen auf die Algorithmen übergeht, könnte der Mensch sein Alleinstellungsmerkmal verlieren und die humanistischen Ziele von Gesundheit und Glück würden verloren gehen.
Der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz bei Alzheimer-Krankheit – Personalisierte Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Wiltfang Jens , Esselmann Hermann , Barnikol Utako B. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel der Demenz bei Alzheimer-Krankheit wird aufgezeigt, welche Chancen, aber auch Risiken neuere methodische Ansätze der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) (Artificial Intelligence, AI) für die Diagnostik und Therapie der Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) bieten. Daneben wird KI im Kontext einer ethisch-philosophischen Technologiekritik beleuchtet.
Pole-piece position distance identification of cylindrical lithium-ion battery through x-ray testing technology
Authors: Wu Yapeng , Yang Min , Wang Yishuai , Li Honggang , Gui ZhiGuo , Liu Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the preparation process of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, a rigorous manufacturing process demands that the position distances between positive and negative pole-pieces must be kept within a reasonable range of variation. Otherwise, a too small position distance may cause safety problems, such as short circuits and thermal runaway. To inspect the position distances between positive and negative pole-pieces automatically, and to decrease the risk of safety and economic losses during the subsequent use, this paper proposes a method to identify the position distance defects of a cylindrical lithium-ion battery on the base of x-ray digital radiography (DR) images. According to this method, the DR image is firstly enhanced by the GPU-accelerated homomorphic filtering algorithm to intensify its contrast and detailed information. Then through the Shi-Tomasi corner detection algorithm, corners of all the positive and negative pole-pieces are preliminarily detected in a region of interest which is defined in advance. To delete the false corners and find the lost corners, one-dimension region growing and curve-fitting methods are adopted. Finally, the minimum position distance, repeated accuracy and alignment metrics are calculated at the base of the detected corners. The experimental results show that the corner positions of five 26 650 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries with different pole-piece structural characteristics can be effectively identified by the proposed method, which provides a useful approach to filtrate unqualified batteries during the process of manufacture.
Characterization of Ce:CSSO, Pr:CSSO, and co-doped Ce,Pr:CSSO phosphors for aerosol phosphor thermometry
Authors: Herzog Joshua M , Witkowski Dustin , Rothamer David A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The phosphor Ce:Ca3Sc2Si3O12(Ce:CSSO) was recently investigated for aerosol phosphor thermometry (APT) and shown to be capable of temperature imaging up to at least 1400 K. To date, no thorough characterization of the temperature dependent emission properties of the phosphor has been performed up to 1400 K. Additionally, due to limited sensitivity over certain temperature ranges continuous temperature imaging from 300 to 1400 K was not possible. Here, cerium and praseodymium doped into CSSO are investigated to address these limitations. Singly-doped Ce:CSSO and Pr:CSSO, and co-doped Ce,Pr:CSSO phosphor samples were studied. Emission lifetimes and quenching behavior were characterized in a tube furnace for each phosphor. Results from the singly-doped phosphors were used to interpret the co-doped phosphor results. The phosphor characterization data was used to estimate thermometry performance at temperatures relevant to low-temperature ignition studies in engines. The proposed diagnostic uses a combination of co-doped APT, host-referenced APT, and scattering-referenced APT approaches to increase the range over which high-precision temperature measurements can be made. Characterization results include the first reported measurements of luminescence lifetimes for Ce:CSSO and Pr:CSSO at temperatures up to 1400 K, and the highest reported quenching temperature for a phosphor using 4f5d emission (1230 K for Ce:CSSO). Furnace measurements showed a normalized temperature-sensitivity of

>

0.25

% K−1 from room temperature to 1400 K for at least one diagnostic approach using the co-doped Ce,Pr:CSSO phosphor. Estimates suggest that the co-doped Ce,Pr:CSSO phosphor is feasible for APT at temperatures ranging from 300 to 925 K and 1030 to at least 1400 K, with better than 40-K single-shot precision. The performance of Ce:CSSO and Ce,Pr:CSSO are similar throughout the investigated temperature range.
Fast super-resolution ultrasound microvessel imaging using spatiotemporal data with deep fully convolutional neural network
Authors: Lok U-Wai , Huang Chengwu , Gong Ping , Tang Shanshan , Yang Lulu , Zhang Wei , Kim Yohan , Korfiatis Panagiotis , Blezek Daniel J , Lucien Fabrice , Zheng Rongqin , Trzasko Joshua D , Chen Shigao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) has been proposed to image microvasculature beyond the ultrasound diffraction limit. Although ULM can attain microvascular images with a sub-diffraction resolution, long data acquisition time and processing time are the critical limitations. Deep learning-based ULM (deep-ULM) has been proposed to mitigate these limitations. However, microbubble (MB) localization used in deep-ULMs is currently based on spatial information without the use of temporal information. The highly spatiotemporally coherent MB signals provide a strong feature that can be used to differentiate MB signals from background artifacts. In this study, a deep neural network was employed and trained with spatiotemporal ultrasound datasets to better identify the MB signals by leveraging both the spatial and temporal information of the MB signals. Training, validation and testing datasets were acquired from MB suspension to mimic the realistic intensity-varying and moving MB signals. The performance of the proposed network was first demonstrated in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane dataset with an optical microscopic image as the reference standard. Substantial improvement in spatial resolution was shown for the reconstructed super-resolved images compared with power Doppler images. The full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of a microvessel was improved from 133 μm to 35 μm, which is smaller than the ultrasound wavelength (73 μm). The proposed method was further tested in an in vivo human liver data. Results showed the reconstructed super-resolved images could resolve a microvessel of nearly 170 μm (FWHM). Adjacent microvessels with a distance of 670 μm, which cannot be resolved with power Doppler imaging, can be well-separated with the proposed method. Improved contrast ratios using the proposed method were shown compared with that of the conventional deep-ULM method. Additionally, the processing time to reconstruct a high-resolution ultrasound frame with an image size of 1024 × 512 pixels was around 16 ms, comparable to state-of-the-art deep-ULMs.
A GPU-accelerated framework for rapid estimation of scanner-specific scatter in CT for virtual imaging trials
Authors: Sharma Shobhit , Abadi Ehsan , Kapadia Anuj , Segars W Paul , Samei Ehsan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Virtual imaging trials (VITs), defined as the process of conducting clinical imaging trials using computer simulations, offer a time- and cost-effective alternative to traditional imaging trials for CT. The clinical potential of VITs hinges on the realism of simulations modeling the image acquisition process, where the accurate scanner-specific simulation of scatter in a time-feasible manner poses a particular challenge. To meet this need, this study proposes, develops, and validates a rapid scatter estimation framework, based on GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and denoising methods, for estimating scatter in single source, dual-source, and photon-counting CT. A CT simulator was developed to incorporate parametric models for an anti-scatter grid and a curved energy integrating detector with an energy-dependent response. The scatter estimates from the simulator were validated using physical measurements acquired on a clinical CT system using the standard single-blocker method. The MC simulator was further extended to incorporate a pre-validated model for a PCD and an additional source-detector pair to model cross scatter in dual-source configurations. To estimate scatter with desirable levels of statistical noise using a manageable computational load, two denoising methods using a (1) convolutional neural network and an (2) optimized Gaussian filter were further deployed. The viability of this framework for clinical VITs was assessed by integrating it with a scanner-specific ray-tracer program to simulate images for an image quality (Mercury) and an anthropomorphic phantom (XCAT). The simulated scatter-to-primary ratios agreed with physical measurements within 4.4% ± 10.8% across all projection angles and kVs. The differences of ∼121 HU between images with and without scatter, signifying the importance of scatter for simulating clinical images. The denoising methods preserved the magnitudes and trends observed in the reference scatter distributions, with an averaged rRMSE value of 0.91 and 0.97 for the two methods, respectively. The execution time of ∼30 s for simulating scatter in a single projection with a desirable level of statistical noise indicates a major improvement in performance, making our tool an eligible candidate for conducting extensive VITs spanning multiple patients and scan protocols.