bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature documentaries as catalysts for change: Mapping out the ‘Blackfish Effect’
Authors: Boissat Laure , Thomas‐Walters Laura , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

It is essential for us to understand what drives human behaviour if we want to tackle anthropogenic damage to the environment. Popular media can play an important role in shaping public attitudes, behaviours and norms towards wildlife, and documentaries in particular have become an increasingly prominent tool for social change. There is, however, a need for robust impact evaluation both in documentary‐making and in conservation, to refine future interventions.

The 2013 documentary Blackfish portrayed human–orca interactions at the US‐based marine park, SeaWorld. Following its release, SeaWorld suffered financial difficulties and the company underwent structural changes, including a cessation of its orca breeding programme. These impacts have often been attributed to the Blackfish documentary, but little evidence has been provided to justify these claims. We combined an analysis of stock market data and semi‐structured interviews with 26 key informants to build an in‐depth contribution analysis. We used General Elimination Methodology, a qualitative impact evaluation methodology to build an understanding of the impact of Blackfish.

We found a consensus among stakeholder groups that Blackfish induced negative publicity for SeaWorld and a change in people's perceptions of captivity. As a result, attendance at the park decreased and the market value of the company dropped. Blackfish catalysed a whole movement against marine mammal captivity. There were three key factors that led to its impact: the support from major distribution channels which allowed it to reach major audiences, emotional impact of the content and timing of its release. Blackfish benefitted from a perfect storm, building upon decades of activism to create an appropriate cultural climate for its release in 2013.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Optical mesoscopy, machine learning, and computational microscopy enable high information content diagnostic imaging of blood films
Authors: Shaw Michael , Claveau Rémy , Manescu Petru , Elmi Muna , Brown Biobele J , Scrimgeour Ross , Kölln Lisa S , McConnell Gail , Fernandez‐Reyes Delmiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutomated image‐based assessment of blood films has tremendous potential to support clinical haematology within overstretched healthcare systems. To achieve this, efficient and reliable digital capture of the rich diagnostic information contained within a blood film is a critical first step. However, this is often challenging, and in many cases entirely unfeasible, with the microscopes typically used in haematology due to the fundamental trade‐off between magnification and spatial resolution. To address this, we investigated three state‐of‐the‐art approaches to microscopic imaging of blood films which leverage recent advances in optical and computational imaging and analysis to increase the information capture capacity of the optical microscope: optical mesoscopy, which uses a giant microscope objective (Mesolens) to enable high‐resolution imaging at low magnification; Fourier ptychographic microscopy, a computational imaging method which relies on oblique illumination with a series of LEDs to capture high‐resolution information; and deep neural networks which can be trained to increase the quality of low magnification, low resolution images. We compare and contrast the performance of these techniques for blood film imaging for the exemplar case of Giemsa‐stained peripheral blood smears. Using computational image analysis and shape‐based object classification, we demonstrate their use for automated analysis of red blood cell morphology and visualization and detection of small blood‐borne parasites such as the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Our results demonstrate that these new methods greatly increase the information capturing capacity of the light microscope, with transformative potential for haematology and more generally across digital pathology. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
No effect modification of influenza virus vaccine effectiveness by age or chronic condition was observed in the 2010/11 to 2017/18 seasons
Authors: Machado Ausenda , Leite Andreia , Larrauri Amparo , Gomez Verónica , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Kislaya Irina , Nunes Baltazar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeMost European influenza vaccine strategies target individuals at higher risk of complications, which include, among others, individuals aged ≥65 years and with chronic conditions. These individuals not only have a high‐risk of post‐infection complications but also could have lower capacity of acquiring adequate vaccine‐induced protection. As such, chronic conditions and age could modify the effect of vaccines. This study aimed at assessing the potential effect modification of influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) by age and chronic conditions.MethodsWe used eight‐season data from the Portuguese vaccine effectiveness study. Every season, physicians at primary care units recruited patients with influenza‐like illness. Clinical data and swabs were collected for Reverse Transverse Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR) detection of influenza. Trivalent inactivated IVE was estimated as 1 – odds ratio (OR) of being vaccinated in cases (RT‐PCR positive for influenza) versus negative controls. ORs were obtained using a multivariable conditional logistic regression model, paired by week of onset within each season. Confounders were assessed by designing a specific causal diagram. Age (< 65 or ≥65 years) and chronic conditions (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease, chronic hepatic disease, obesity, chronic respiratory disease, and congenital or acquired immunodeficiency) were studied as effect modifiers by including an interaction term in the regression models. Significance was established at 5%.ResultsPoint estimates indicate a higher IVE in the chronic condition strata compared to that in the no chronic condition strata. Regarding age, different results were obtained considering the virus type and (sub)type. When comparing the ≥65 years with the <65 years of age strata, we observed a higher IVE against A(H1N1)pdm09, an equal IVE against A(H3N2) and a lower IVE against B virus. However, all interaction terms were statistically insignificant, and this may be due to a small sample size.ConclusionThe potential effect modification of age or chronic condition was not observed within our study.
Improving access to cancer information and supportive care services: A systematic review of mechanisms applied to link people with cancer to psychosocial supportive care services
Authors: White Victoria M. , Pejoski Natalie , Vella Elizabeth , Skaczkowski Gemma , Ugalde Anna , Yuen Eva Y. N. , Livingston Patricia , Wilson Carlene 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has described the low uptake of psychosocial support services in people living with cancer. While characteristics of individuals using services have been examined, mechanisms applied to link individuals to support services are less frequently considered. This review aims to identify the mechanisms used to link people with cancer to support services and assess their impact.MethodsSystematic searches of Pubmed, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO were conducted up to May 2020. Studies reporting service use associated with mechanisms to link adults with cancer to support services targeting emotional, informational, practical or social support needs were eligible. Eligible study designs included controlled trials, pre‐post designs and observational studies. Study quality was assessed and a narrative synthesis of findings undertaken.ResultsA total of 10 papers (from 8,037 unique titles) were eligible. Testing the feasibility of the linkage mechanism was the primary aim in five (50%) studies. Three linkage mechanisms were identified: (a) outreach from the support service; (b) clinician recommendation/referral; (c) mailed invitation. Outreach was the most successful in connecting people with cancer to services (52%–90% use); clinician recommendation/referral was least successful (3%–28%). The impact of different linkage mechanisms for different demographic groups was not assessed.ConclusionsOutreach from services shows the most potential for increasing access to support services. However, the limited number of studies and limitations in the types of support services people with cancer were linked to, demonstrated the need for further work in this area. Identifying mechanisms that are effective for underserved, high‐needs patient groups is also needed.
A compact valveless pressure control source for soft rehabilitation glove
Authors: Ahmadjou Ahmadreza , Sadeghi Sajad , Zareinejad Mohammad , Talebi Heidar Ali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSoft pneumatic robots have shown great promises in hand rehabilitation systems as alternatives to conventional rigid systems. However, their application is limited to clinical rehabilitation programs due to their dependency on large‐sized compressors as air suppliers. This disadvantage triggered the search for compact portable pneumatic sources.MethodA compact valveless pneumatic source to control the bending angle of a soft actuator is proposed in this paper. The source incorporates two series of serially connected commercially available microcompressors to provide additional pressure and flowrate in two directions. In the proposed design, an inner‐loop controller, controls the output characteristics of the source while an outer‐loop controller handles the trajectory tracking of the angular position.ResultsExperimental results show that the source is capable of providing up to 160 kPa of output. The controller is able to track up to 2 rad/sec sinusoidal trajectory with a maximum 0.066 rad root‐mean‐square error.ConclusionExperimental measurements showed satisfactory results in the maximum ratings and tracking errors whilst relatively low average power was consumed by eliminating control valves.
A new approach to model reduction of nonlinear control systems using smooth orthogonal decomposition
Authors: Ilbeigi Shahab , Chelidze David 
Published: June 2021

SummaryA new approach to model order reduction of nonlinear control systems is aimed at developing persistent reduced order models (ROMs) that are robust to the changes in system's energy level. A multivariate analysis method called smooth orthogonal decomposition (SOD) is used to identify the dynamically relevant modal structures of the control system. The identified SOD subspaces are used to develop persistent ROMs. Performance of the resultant SOD‐based ROM is compared with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)–based ROM by evaluating their robustness to the changes in system's energy level. Results show that SOD‐based ROMs are valid for a relatively wider range of the nonlinear control system's energy when compared with POD‐based models. In addition, the SOD‐based ROMs show considerably faster computations compared to the POD‐based ROMs of same order. For the considered dynamic system, SOD provides more effective reduction in dimension and complexity compared to POD.
Carbon Materials for Solar Water Evaporation and Desalination
Authors: Guan Weixin , Guo Youhong , Yu Guihua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeawater desalination is viewed as a promising solution to world freshwater scarcity. Solar assisted desalination is proposed to overcome the high energy consumption in current desalination technologies, as it uses abundant and sustainable solar energy as the only energy input. Interfacial solar vapor generation (SVG) has attracted considerable research interest due to its high energy conversion efficiency, simple implementation, and cost‐effectiveness. Among all the candidate materials for solar evaporators, carbon‐based materials stand out due to their intrinsic high solar absorption, highly tunable structure, easy preparation, low cost, and earth‐abundancy. In this review, the recent progress on carbon‐based materials for the development of interfacial SVG is summarized. First, a brief introduction to the basic design principles of the interfacial SVG system is presented. Then, recent efforts in carbon‐based solar evaporators, from artificial structures to bioinspired configurations, focusing on their structure–function relationship are highlighted. Strategies for designing antisalt‐fouling desalination systems are also summarized. Last, the challenges and opportunities of carbon‐based materials for solar evaporation technology are elaborated.
Effort prediction for the software project construction phase
Authors: López‐Martín Cuauhtémoc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe construction phase effort prediction is needed for assigning resources to teams of practitioners destined specifically to this phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Construction effort (CE) has been reported between 27.5% and 58% of the total SDLC effort causing the uncertainty of taking these percentages as reference. A support vector regression (SVR) training involves quadratic programming problems that can analytically be solved using a sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm. Moreover, a Pearson VII (PUK) kernel is useful to replace a set of kernel functions commonly used by a SVR. The objective of this study is to apply the SMO with the PUK to train SVR for predicting CE. The SVR model trained with the SMO algorithm having as kernel to the PUK (SVR‐SMO‐PUK) prediction accuracy was statistically compared to those accuracies obtained from statistical regression (SR), neural network (NN), and two types of SVR. Seven international public data sets of software projects were used. Results showed that the SVR‐SMO‐PUK was better than the SR in five data sets and better than NN in two of these five data sets. It was equal than SR and NN in the remaining two data sets. It was equal than ε‐SVR and ʋ‐SVR in the seven data sets. Thus, the SVR‐SMO‐PUK is useful to software managers to predict CE.
Framing effects and the market selection hypothesis: Evidence from real‐world isomorphic bets
Authors: Brown Alasdair , Yang Fuyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe collect data on 75 million GBP of tennis bets over a 6 year period to analyze whether participants in high‐stakes environments recognize simple framing differences. The structure of this market means that we can place the same bet at the same time in two different ways. These two isomorphic bets are framed differently, and often priced differently. We find that bettors make frequent mistakes, choosing the worse of the two bets in 35% of cases. However, bettors who choose the inferior price earn higher returns from their bets, suggesting that their effort has been focused on fundamental information acquisition rather than bet execution. The net result is that market selection may, if anything, slightly favor those who are unable, or unwilling, to recognize framing differences.
Working process of Roots vacuum pumps
Authors: Raykov A. , Burmistrov A. , Salikeev S. , Isaev A. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungEntwicklung und Verifizierung des CFD‐Modells für WälzkolbenpumpenWälzkolbenpumpen sind aufgrund der Ölfreiheit des Arbeitsvolumens, der Einfachheit der Konstruktion, des hohen Arbeitsdurchsatzes und der Zuverlässigkeit weit verbreitet. Der Arbeitsprozess in Roots‐Gebläsen wurde mit Hilfe von Methoden der numerischen Strömungsmechanik (CFD) untersucht. Es wurde ein hexaedrisch strukturiertes Netz des Arbeitsvolumens mit konstanter Schrittweite über den Rotordrehwinkel erstellt. Luft wurde als Arbeitsmedium im Modell eines kompressiblen idealen Gases betrachtet. Für die Berechnung wurde das Turbulenzmodell Shear Stress Transport (SST) verwendet.Die Verifizierung des entwickelten mathematischen Modells wurde durch den Vergleich der berechneten und experimentell gewonnenen Beziehung zwischen der Fördermenge und dem Druckverhältnis bei verschiedenen Drehzahlen im Kompressorregime durchgeführt. Der Unterschied zwischen Berechnung und Experiment übersteigt nicht 8 %. Es wurde ein Vergleich zwischen berechneten und experimentellen Indikatordiagrammen in der Arbeitskammer durchgeführt und das Wälzkolben‐Vakuumpumpumpen‐Drehzahlniveau gemessen.Die maximale Differenz zwischen dem Experiment und der Berechnung mit der CFD‐Methode beträgt 9,8 %. In beiden Fällen kann der Unterschied zwischen Berechnung und Experiment vor allem durch Fehler bei der Messung der tatsächlichen Radialabstände erklärt werden. Die Analyse der Geschwindigkeitsfelder im Roots‐Gebläse, das im Vakuum‐ und Kompressorregime arbeitet, wurde mit Hilfe des CFD‐Modells durchgeführt. Die Gasgeschwindigkeit im Spalt ist bei niedrigen Drücken viel höher. Dies lässt sich durch die größere Druckdifferenz zwischen Einlass und Auslass bei Vakuumbedingungen erklären.
Threshold Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS)
Authors: Hatton P. J. , Davies S. , Wardropper C. L. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungSchwellenwert‐Ionisations‐Massenspektrometrie (TIMS) – Sanfte Ionisierung für verbesserte Selektivität in EchtzeitDie Schwellenwert‐Ionisations‐Massenspektrometrie (TIMS) hat sich als Technik zur Verbesserung von Standardmethoden der Restgasanalyse etabliert, insbesondere wenn die dominanten Peaks im Massenspektrum bei nahezu gleichem Masse/Ladungs‐Verhältnis auftreten. Die Massenpeaks sind dann mit Standard‐Quadrupol‐Massenspektrometrie‐Methoden schwer zu trennen. Es werden mehrere Anwendungen beschrieben, bei denen sich TIMS als sehr effektiv erwiesen hat. Darüber hinaus wurde untersucht, wie die Interpretation von TIMS‐Messungen durch die Anpassung von aus theoretischen Ausdrücken berechneten Trendlinien an die experimentellen Daten verbessert werden kann.
Preparation of a novel environmentally friendly hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent ChCl‐THY and its application in removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution
Authors: Rajput Mohit Kumar , Konwar Manashjyoti , Sarma Diganta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA liquid–liquid extraction methodology was developed for the removal of Cr(VI) from contaminated water using a novel green hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) as an efficient sole extracting agent. The hydrophobic DES was obtained by mixing choline chloride and thymol in 1:4 molar ratio at 70°C for 10 min and was denoted as ChCl‐THY(1:4). The ChCl‐THY(1:4) works efficiently for removal of high (20 mg/L) and low (500 µg/L) concentration of Cr(VI) from artificially contaminated natural water with >95% extraction efficiency (E%) at optimized reaction conditions (pH 2–6, 40°C). The DES was characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, and the data suggest that interaction occurs between Cl− ion of choline chloride and H atoms of thymol molecules. Physicochemical properties such as density, melting point, moisture, and solubility were studied and discussed. Herein, no sharp melting point was observed for ChCl‐THY(1:4) in DSC curve. DES was regenerated using 0.1 M NaOH as stripping agent, and 50%–60% extraction efficiency could be attained in the next cycle. A plausible mechanism of interaction between Cr(VI) species and DES was also explored with the help of FTIR spectroscopy.Practitioner Points

A novel hydrophobic DES (ChCl‐THY) is prepared by mixing choline chloride and thymol at 1:4 molar ratio.
ChCl‐THY(1:4) is employed for the first time as sole extracting agent to remove the Cr(VI) from contaminated aqueous solution.
>95% extraction efficiency was achieved by ChCl‐THY(1:4) in natural water conditions at µg/L and mg/L level of contamination.
Both the component used to prepare the DES are naturally abundant; hence, DES is not toxic for biota.
The element present in natural water did not show any interference with extraction of Cr(VI).
The Ill(s) of the Nation: The Experience of Tuberculosis in Finland from the 1920s to the 1970s
Authors: Hakosalo Heini 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHeini Hakosalo makes use of an extensive collection of written, unpublished tuberculosis-related illness narratives to analyze the experience of tuberculosis and tuberculosis sanatoria “from below” within the context of twentieth-century Finland. Hakosalo argues that by linking their personal illness histories to national history, the authors could give a sense of purpose and meaning to their personal losses and suffering. At the same time, their testimonies stood as a contribution, however modest, to the national knowledge-community. She distinguishes three narrative strands that allowed the authors to assimilate their personal illness with the collective ills of the nation: histories of tuberculosis as stories of progress, stories of war, and stories of belonging.
Feeling the Nation through Exploring the City: Urban Pedagogy and Children’s Lived Experiences in Postwar Helsinki
Authors: Malinen Antti , Vahtikari Tanja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the post-1945 world, Finnish schools were appointed the new task of fostering democratic values and educating peace-loving citizens. By exploring postwar art and environmental education in Helsinki, understood as means to expand children’s emotional competences, Malinen and Vahtikari provide a unique analysis of the ways educators, children and urban space co-produced the nation in everyday (school) practices. Malinen and Vahtikari show the importance of fully acknowledging the spatial, material and sensory aspects of emotions when discussing children’s emotional formation and historical manifestations of everyday nationalism. To illustrate the adult-children co-creation of different ideas, practices and emotions with respect to the national community, the chapter uses two sets of contemporary sources: educators’ writings and children’s drawings.
Red Orphans’ Fatherland: Children in the Civil War of 1918 and Its Aftermath
Authors: Kaarninen Mervi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Civil War in 1918 divided Finland into White winners and Red losers. These divisions affected all citizens, including children. Drawing from a regional oral history collection from the 1970s, this chapter analyzes how the children of the Reds were integrated into the shared fatherland, and how they understood and experienced the nation. The Children of the Reds had to respond to different expectations and demands. At school, they were taught emotions and values that stood in contrast to the values to which they were raised at home. The children of the Reds experienced the feeling that they belonged to the losers of the war and were marginalized within the context of the nation.
Cosmological α′-corrections from the functional renormalization group
Authors: Basile Ivano , Platania Alessia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We employ the techniques of the Functional Renormalization Group in string theory, in order to derive an effective mini-superspace action for cosmological backgrounds to all orders in the string scale α′. To this end, T-duality plays a crucial role, classifying all perturbative curvature corrections in terms of a single function of the Hubble parameter. The resulting renormalization group equations admit an exact, albeit non-analytic, solution in any spacetime dimension D, which is however incompatible with Einstein gravity at low energies. Within an E-expansion about D = 2, we also find an analytic solution which exhibits a non-Gaussian ultraviolet fixed point with positive Newton coupling, as well as an acceptable low-energy limit. Yet, within polynomial truncations of the full theory space, we find no evidence for an analog of this solution in D = 4. Finally, we comment on potential cosmological implications of our findings.