bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus-related Disease Pandemic: A Review on Machine Learning Approaches and Treatment Trials on Diagnosed Population for Future Clinical Decision Support
Authors: A. Reyana , Kautish Sandeep 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
Coronavirus-related disease, a deadly illness, has raised public health issues
worldwide. The majority of individuals infected are multiplying. The government is taking aggressive
steps to quarantine people, people exposed to infection, and clinical trials for treatment. Subsequently
recommends critical care for the aged, children, and health-care personnel. While machine
learning methods have been previously used to augment clinical decisions, there is now a demand
for “Emergency ML.” With rapidly growing datasets, there also remain important considerations
when developing and validating ML models.

Methods:
This paper reviews the recent study that applies machine-learning technology addressing
Corona virus-related disease issues' challenges in different perspectives. The report also discusses
various treatment trials and procedures on Corona virus-related disease infected patients providing
insights to physicians and the public on the current treatment challenges.

Results:
The paper provides the individual with insights into certain precautions to prevent and control
the spread of this deadly disease.

Conclusion:
This review highlights the utility of evidence-based machine learning prediction tools
in several clinical settings, and how similar models can be deployed during the Corona virus-related
disease pandemic to guide hospital frontlines and health-care administrators to make informed
decisions about patient care and managing hospital volume. Further, the clinical trials conducted so
far for infected patients with Corona virus-related disease addresses their results to improve community
alertness from the viewpoint of a well-known saying, “prevention is always better.”
Patient and Professional Experiences With Virtual Antenatal Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a UK Tertiary Obstetric Hospital: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Quinn Lauren Marie , Olajide Oluwafumbi , Green Marsha , Sayed Hazem , Ansar Humera 
Published: April 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic required rapid implementation of virtual antenatal care to keep pregnant women safe. This transition from face-to-face usual care had to be embraced by patients and professionals alike.

Objective
We evaluated patients’ and professionals’ experiences with virtual antenatal clinic appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine satisfaction and inquire into the safety and quality of care received.

Methods
A total of 148 women who attended a virtual antenatal clinic appointment at our UK tertiary obstetric care center over a 2-week period provided feedback (n=92, 62% response rate). A further 37 health care professionals (HCPs) delivering care in the virtual antenatal clinics participated in another questionnaire study (37/45, 82% response rate).

Results
We showed that women were highly satisfied with the virtual clinics, with 86% (127/148) rating their experience as good or very good, and this was not associated with any statistically significant differences in age (P=.23), ethnicity (P=.95), number of previous births (P=.65), or pregnancy losses (P=.94). Even though 56% (83/148) preferred face-to-face appointments, 44% (65/148) either expressed no preference or preferred virtual, and these preferences were not associated with significant differences in patient demographics. For HCPs, 67% (18/27) rated their experience of virtual clinics as good or very good, 78% (21/27) described their experience as the same or better than face-to-face clinics, 15% (4/27) preferred virtual clinics, and 44% (12/27) had no preference. Importantly, 67% (18/27) found it easy or very easy to adapt to virtual clinics. Over 90% of HCPs agreed virtual clinics should be implemented long-term.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates high satisfaction with telephone antenatal clinics during the pandemic, which supports the transition toward widespread digitalization of antenatal care suited to 21st-century patients and professionals.
Estimated Loss of Lifetime Employment Duration for Patients Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu-Tzu , Wang Fuhmei , Huang Wen-Yen , Hsiao Hsuan , Wang Jung-Der , Lin Chang-Ching 
Published: April 2021

Background and objectives
An accurate estimate of the loss of lifetime employment duration resulting from kidney failure can facilitate comprehensive evaluation of societal financial burdens.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
All patients undergoing incident dialysis in Taiwan during 2000–2017 were identified using the National Health Insurance Research Database. The corresponding age-, sex-, and calendar year-matched general population served as the referents. The survival functions and the employment states of the index cohort (patients on dialysis) and their referents for each age strata were first calculated, and then extrapolated until age 65 years, where the sum of the product of the survival function and the employment states was the lifetime employment duration. The difference in lifetime employment duration between the index and referent cohort was the loss of lifetime employment duration. Extrapolation of survival function and relative employment-to-population ratios were estimated by the restricted cubic spline models and the quadratic/linear models, respectively.

Results
A total of 83,358 patients with kidney failure were identified. Men had a higher rate of employment than women in each age strata. The expected loss of lifetime employment duration for men with kidney failure was 11.8, 7.6, 5.7, 3.8, 2.3, 1.0, and 0.2 years for those aged 25–34, 35–40, 41–45, 46–50, 51–55, 56–60, and 61–64 years, respectively; and the corresponding data for women was 10.5, 10.1, 7.9, 5.6, 3.3, 1.5, and 0.3 years, respectively. The values for loss of lifetime employment duration divided by loss of life expectancy were all >70% for women and >88% for men across the different age strata. The sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust.

Conclusions
The loss of lifetime employment duration in patients undergoing dialysis mainly originates from loss of life expectancy.
La telepresencia robótica mejora las acciones deseadas y objetivos de aprendizaje en urgencias médicas simuladas
Authors: Gutiérrez Avilés Elizabeth Gutiérrez Avilés , Vázquez de Anda Gilberto Felipe , Rogel Jaimes Ricardo , Pereda Sánchez Eugenio Otoniel , Delaye Aguilar María Guadalupe , Lucena Navarrete Mario Roberto , Pérez Castañeda Ana Ivonne 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: Durante el ejercicio clínico en urgencias medicas simuladas, las acciones deseadas (AD) y objetivos de aprendizaje (OA) en los estudiantes de pregrado pueden ser incrementados con el uso de telepresencia robótica (TPR).Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la TPR para la mejora de AD y OA en casos de urgencias médicas simuladas.Método: Estudio comparativo de un modelo educativo por competencias. Universo de trabajo: estudiantes de quinto año de la carrera de médico cirujano. La TPR consistió en un software: Double [app version 2.0.5 (230)], robot Double, Ipad air primera generación. Asesoría vía TPR por médico especialista en urgencias médicas. Se siguió una lista predeterminada para calificar el cumplimiento de AD y OA a desarrollar en cada uno de los nueve escenarios clínicos de urgencias médicas asignados con y sin el apoyo de TPR. Al final se realizó una encuesta de satisfacción de los participantes sobre el uso de la TPR.Resultados: se obtuvieron nueve pares de casos clínicos antes y después de la TPR. Se observó diferencia significativa en las AD antes y después de la TPR: 50.57 (46.10-57.74) versus 81.53 (70.62-85.70) así como en los OA: 32.50 (25.89-47.44) versus 75 (63.07-75.67). Los estudiantes se sintieron apoyados por la herramienta de TPR en un 92.8%.Conclusiones: la TPR es de utilidad para la resolución de casos clínicos de urgencias entre dos equipos de salud distantes, a través del incremento en el número de AD y OA, con un alto nivel de aceptación.
Construcción de la identidad docente en medicina y la capacitación temprana en la docencia
Authors: Vives Varela Tania , Albarrán Pérez Daniela , Hamui Sutton Liz , Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I. 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La construcción de una Identidad Profesional Docente (IPD) sólida y valorada permite que el profesor realice su labor de manera satisfactoria y comprometida con el bienestar de los estudiantes.Objetivo: Indagar cómo repercute la capacitación temprana como ayudantes de profesor en la IPD en los docentes de medicina.Método: Estudio cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas para obtener datos y un análisis de los mismos, acorde con el método utilizado.Resultados: Se identificaron 4 componentes que constituyeron las historias profesionales de los docentes: 1) el inicio temprano a la docencia, respaldado por un curso que profesionaliza la labor del ayudante de profesor, 2) el curso de iniciación a la docencia, que les brindó la oportunidad de establecer comunicación con profesores prestigiados por la institución, 3) la valoración positiva por parte de sus compañeros de su papel como puente entre las necesidades de los estudiantes y los requerimientos de los docentes titulares y 4) el acompañamiento de un docente experto (profesor titular o coordinador del curso de instructores), quien fue una figura relevante en el proceso de consolidar las competencias docentes.Conclusiones: El inicio temprano a la docencia, respaldado por un curso que profesionaliza la labor del ayudante de profesor, y el apoyo de un docente experto, fueron elementos que influyeron de manera positiva en la construcción de las representaciones del papel profesional, de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje; así como en los sentimientos derivados del quehacer docente.
A Prospective Evaluation of a Nurse-Led Stent Removal Service Using the Single-Use Isiris®in a Tertiary Referral Stone Unit and its Impact on Patient Waiting Times
Authors: Thakare Niyukta , Collie Jane , Shah Syed , Al-Hayek Samih , Durrant Jordan , Dragos Laurian , Saeb-Parsy Kasra , Wiseman Oliver 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective Double J (JJ) ureteric stenting represents one of the most significant causes of patient discomfort and dissatisfaction following endourological procedures. At our institution, a large tertiary referral centre for complex stones, standard JJ stent removal was previously undertaken with a flexible cystoscope (FC) in the endoscopy department by a doctor. The pathway was prone to delays through capacity constraints and prioritization being given to cancer investigations. The Isiris® is a single-use stent removal system consisting of a ‘camera on chip’ disposable FC with an integrated grasper. We examine the feasibility of a nurse-led stent removal service using Isiris®, performed as an office-based procedure, and its effect on waiting times. Material and Methods A specialist stone nurse undertook training in FC approved by the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) and the British Association of Urological Nurses (BAUN). Once competency was reached, a nurseled service was offered to patients in the outpatient setting. A prospective database from April 2018 to March 2020 was maintained to include patient data for stent removals in the nurse-led clinic using Isiris®. This was compared to a retrospective dataset of FC and stent removal between July 2016 and December 2016, performed by a doctor in the endoscopy department. The delays in stent removal compared to the ‘ideal’ stent removal date (planned date plus or minus 3 days tolerance allowed) were compared between the two pathways. Results The specialist nurse undertook BAUS theory training and competency was reached using an approved BAUS/BAUN competency package. 414 stent removals were booked in the nurse group, of which 395 were undertaken. 291 of 395 (74%) patients in the nurse removal Isiris® group had their stent removed on time, whereas only 16 of 54 (30%) patients had their stents removed on time in the FC stent removal group. A delay of more than 21 days was seen in 22% of FC group vs only 2% in the nurse-led Isiris® group. Both planned removal and actual stent dwell time were longer in the FC group compared to Isiris® group (p < 0.0001). There were no major complications with the use of Isiris® for stent removal in the nurse-led clinic. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that it is feasible to introduce a nurse-led stent removal service. The introduction of this service using the Isiris® system has led to a reduction in delays of stent removal, which is likely to translate into significant quality of life improvement for patients and economic benefits for the healthcare system.
Effects of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Energy Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Trial
Authors: Op den Kamp Yvo J.M. , de Ligt Marlies , Dautzenberg Bas , Kornips Esther , Esterline Russell , Hesselink Matthijs K.C. , Hoeks Joris , Schrauwen-Hinderling Vera B. , Havekes Bas , Oscarsson Jan , Phielix Esther , Schrauwen Patrick 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
SGTL2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion and have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The underlying mechanism may involve caloric restriction-like metabolic effects due to urinary glucose loss. We investigated the effects of dapagliflozin on 24-h energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
There were 26 patients with type 2 diabetes randomized to a 5-week double-blind, crossover study with a 6- to 8-week washout. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure 24-h energy metabolism and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), both by whole-room calorimetry and by ventilated hood during a two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results are presented as the differences in least squares mean (95% CI) between treatments.

RESULTS
Evaluable patients (n = 24) had a mean (SD) age of 64.2 (4.6) years, BMI of 28.1 (2.4) kg/m2, and HbA1c of 6.9% (0.7) (51.7 [6.8] mmol/mol). Rate of glucose disappearance was unaffected by dapagliflozin, whereas fasting endogenous glucose production (EGP) increased by dapagliflozin (+2.27 [1.39, 3.14] μmol/kg/min, P &lt; 0.0001). Insulin-induced suppression of EGP (–1.71 [–2.75, –0.63] μmol/kg/min, P = 0.0036) and plasma free fatty acids (–21.93% [–39.31, –4.54], P = 0.016) was greater with dapagliflozin. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure (–0.11 [–0.24, 0.03] MJ/day) remained unaffected by dapagliflozin, but dapagliflozin reduced the RER during daytime and nighttime, resulting in an increased day-to-nighttime difference in the RER (–0.010 [–0.017, –0.002], P = 0.016). Dapagliflozin treatment resulted in a negative 24-h energy and fat balance (–20.51 [–27.90, –13.12] g/day).

CONCLUSIONS
Dapagliflozin treatment for 5 weeks resulted in major adjustments of metabolism mimicking caloric restriction, increased fat oxidation, improved hepatic and adipose insulin sensitivity, and improved 24-h energy metabolism.
Development of Sustainable LSP-Bricks Using Local Industrial Wastes
Authors: Saleh Ani Maslina , Rahmat Mohamad Nidzam , Ismai Norsalisma 
Published: April 2021

Uncontrolled infrastructure development may produce excessive carbon emission and scarcity of natural resources. The reuse of waste materials in general promotes material ecology and the cradle-to-cradle concept. The utilisation of industrial waste in the development of advanced materials promoting the extensive research on sustainable building components. The main objective of this research is to investigate the potential of utilising local industrial waste, Solid Waste Fly Ash (SwFA) and Paint Sludge (PS) as target material in replacing laterite soil that is non-renewable natural resources. Standard industrial size bricks were fabricated consist the combination of Laterite Clay, SwFA and PS (LSP) at 50:25:25 ratios. The results for engineering and environmental properties were within the acceptable of engineering standards and performances. This test result suggests potential used of SwFA and Paint Sludge as substitute to clay for unfired brick. This will certainly contribute to the recycling of SwFA and industrial sludge (Paint Sludge andpossibly others) and hence to minimise the impact of these by-product to the environment if send to landfill. The manufacture of unfired bricks can exploit locally available waste materials and can be used in certain applications of low load bearing situation. This research also suggests innovation and enhanced waste management and contribution towards the concept of green building components.
Keywords: Industrial waste, eco-bricks, durability, thermal, acoustic
INTRODUCING MACHINE TRANSLATION IN TRANSLATOR TRAINING: COMPARING “INFORMATION MINING” WITH POST-EDITING
Authors: Killman Jeff A. 
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un experimento para introducir a alumnos de traducción la traducción automática estadística, comparando su postedición con el empleo de métodos de documentación tradicionales. Al inicio de una asignatura introductoria de las tecnologías de traducción, los estudiantes tradujeron un texto en español o inglés y anotaron los casos en los que el empleo de una herramienta de referencia electrónica, sobre la que habían aprendido anteriormente, les había ayudado a elegir manualmente una resolución de traducción adecuada. Al final de la asignatura los estudiantes volvieron a replantearse el mismo texto y eligieron partes de él, cuya traducción les había requerido una cantidad de tiempo y esfuerzo considerable, como ponen de manifiesto sus anotaciones. Las partes del texto que habían elegido las introdujeron en el gratuito sistema abierto de traducción automática estadística de Google Translate (GT) y, después, posteditaron los resultados de este.
En este trabajo se comparan las traducciones que habían elegido manualmente los estudiantes con las producidas por GT (para determinar diferencias de calidad) y con las postediciones de estas últimas (con el fin de analizar si las decisiones de los estudiantes de aceptar o rechazar las traducciones automáticas dieron como resultado ganancias o pérdidas cualitativas). Según los resultados, la calidad de las traducciones automáticas no editadas era de media muy por debajo de la de las producidas por los estudiantes, y la postedición resultó en un ligero aumento medio de calidad al compararse con los métodos de documentación tradicionales.
Midbody penile urethrocutaneous fistula repaired by fistulectomy and urethral anastomosis in a stallion
Authors: Sanclemente Jorge L. , Ragle Claude A. , Lund Caleb M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

CASE DESCRIPTION
A 12-year-old Friesian stallion was examined because of a 1-year history of preputial injury and urination through a urethrocutaneous fistula located at the midbody of the ventral aspect of the penis.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
Physical examination revealed an opening with a clearly apparent mucocutaneous junction 12 cm from the distal opening of the urethra on the ventral left side of the penis. Endoscopic examination of the distal portion of the urethra confirmed a blind pouch with no communication with the fistula or proximal portion of the urethra.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
A temporary perineal urethrostomy was performed with sedation and local anesthesia, with the stallion standing, to divert urine from the urethral reconstruction site. Fistulectomy and urethral resection and anastomosis were performed under general anesthesia with the stallion in dorsal recumbency. At 15 days after surgery, endoscopic examination of the urethra revealed distortion of the urethral lumen at the fistulectomy site. Under sedation, the urethra was dilated for 5 minutes every 12 hours for 3 days. At 22 days after surgery, endoscopic examination of the urethra revealed a healed anastomosis site and a large urethral luminal diameter. At 36 months after surgery, the owner reported that the stallion had normal micturition and had sired multiple foals by live cover matings.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Severe preputial or penile trauma in horses is most commonly treated with amputation because of concerns of postoperative urethral stricture and occlusion. To the authors' knowledge, this case represented the first time that a successful end-to-end anastomosis of the distal portion of the urethra has been performed in a stallion.
Ultrasound-guided paravertebral perineural glucocorticoid injection for signs of refractory cervical pain associated with foraminal intervertebral disk protrusion in four dogs
Authors: Wolf Johanna K. , Early Peter J. , Pozzi Antonio , Vigani Alessio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

CASE DESCRIPTION
4 dogs, 7.5 to 10 years of age, were presented for evaluation of signs of chronic cervical pain and forelimb lameness secondary to cervical foraminal intervertebral disk protrusion (IVDP). All dogs were refractory to ≥ 2 weeks of conservative management including strict rest and pain management with anti-inflammatory drugs, methocarbamol, and gabapentin.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
The MRI findings included left foraminal IVDP at C2-3 causing mild C3 nerve root compression (dog 1), multifocal degenerative disk disease with mild focal left-sided disk protrusion at C6-7 without associated spinal cord or nerve root compression (dog 2), left foraminal C6-7 IVDP with suspected focal spinal cord atrophy or mild compression (dog 3), and right foraminal C6-7 IVDP and multifocal cervical intervertebral disk degeneration with annulus fibrosus protrusion (dog 4).

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Ultrasound-guided paravertebral perineural injections with methylprednisolone acetate (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]) at the C3 nerve root in dog 1 and at the C7 nerve root in the other 3 dogs were performed. Injections were repeated at intervals of 4 weeks to 3 months on the basis of clinical response. None of the dogs had any complications from the procedures. For dogs 1 and 4, there was complete resolution of lameness and signs of cervical pain following perineural injections, and for dog 3, there was complete resolution of lameness and only minimal residual cervical pain. Dog 2 did not have long-lasting improvement.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings indicated that ultrasound-guided paravertebral perineural injection can be an effective treatment of cervical foraminal IVDP for some dogs. Additional studies to determine appropriate case selection and better assess the overall success rate and risks associated with this technique are warranted.
An algorithm of moving pieces to become black alternation with white based on dimension reduction
Authors: Yanfei Sha , Yahong Zhang , Tianxiong Wu , Lin Zhang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Moving pieces to become black alternation with white (MPBBAW)is a game in which black and white pieces are continuously arranged by moving. This article traces the problem of MPBBAW and points out the possibility and necessity of computer calculation and commercial application of the problem. Using the non- recursive algorithm based on dimensionality reduction, this article deals with the problem of n-order MPBBAW. The special-order problem is solved and resubstituted. Thus, the computer processing and rule exploration of n-order and n-order MPBBAW are realised. As an auxiliary card, C++ is used to provide 20 black and 20 white pieces as an example. This article lays a foundation for the computer calculation and commercial application of MPBBAW.