bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology to incorporate damaged BWR spent fuel as contents in the NAC-UMS® storage system
Authors: Su M , Carver G , Chen C C , Yang C W , Shih C L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Following Taiwan’s nuclear waste management policy, INER launched Taiwan’s first Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI) project in 2005. The technology of dry storage system adopted is NAC-UMS system. INER made some design modifications of NAC-UMS system in order to accommodate the constraints at Chin-Shan Nuclear Power Plant (CSNPP). The modified UMS was named as INER High Performance System (INER-HPS). The corresponding Safety Analysis Report (SAR) of ISFSI was approved by AEC on November of 2008. Through years of dedication, the first dry run test has been accomplished on November 2012. INER-HPS is capable to cover most of the spent fuels dry storage needs in Taiwan with current NAC-UMS License. The current CoC for NAC-UMS includes undamaged BWR fuel with a burn-up of not greater than 45 GWD/MTU. For the purpose of NAC-UMS to incorporate damaged BWR fuel as approved contents, INER and NAC further enter into cooperation to developing and licensing NAC-UMS to include up to four BWR damaged fuel cans and a new BWR damaged fuel basket. This paper summarized the project progress, results of trial fabrication of damaged fuel can, and the methodology to incorporate damaged BWR spent fuel as contents in the NAC-UMS storage system.
Finite element analysis of plastic hollow core sandwich composites
Authors: Gomber D , Ramezani M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Applications of sandwich composites are increasing as they continue to develop. The reason for the growth in development and the rising demand for sandwich composites in numerous industries is due to its ability to achieve high stiffness and strength, while simultaneously being lightweight in comparison to traditional materials. 3D printed plastic hollow core sandwich composites were focused on in this study where a bioplastic, Polylactic Acid (PLA), was compared to a conventional plastic, Polypropylene (PP). The study investigated the effects of varying core and face sheet parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D printed plastic core sandwich composites to obtain the optimum sandwich composite structure. A finite element model was developed in ANSYS Workbench to conduct the study. Numerical results were compared with experimental results, and both results revealed that the mechanical properties of sandwich composite structures are certainly influenced by the core and face sheet parameters. An optimum sandwich composite structure cannot be defined for a general case, as it depends on the application for which it is being designed. Hence, different optimum structures were determined for different desired mechanical properties.
Study on size effects in micro deep drawing of stainless steel foil
Authors: Yuan S N , Xie H B , Jia F H , Wu H , Pan D , Wang T X , Zhou C , Jiang Z Y 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the mechanism of processing parameters, such as lubrication conditions, grain size and foil thickness, on micro deep drawing (MDD) of stainless steel 304 (SUS304) foil has been investigated. The dry and glycerin-based nano-additive TiO2 lubricant with different concentrations were selected to study the effects of lubrication on MDD process. Four stainless steel samples with different thicknesses of 20, 30, 40 and 50 μm were employed in this study. Each foil was annealed under 950, 980 and 1050 °C respectively to obtain different grain sizes of the samples. The formed cups qualities in terms of surface roughness, wrinkling and earing defects were analysed, and the punch force-stroke curves and the stress-strain curves were studied in MDD. The experimental results show that 4.0 wt.% glycerin-based nano-additive TiO2 lubricant has the best lubrication effects due to its lowest drawing force and the better surface quality obtained, and the SUS304 foil with thinner thickness required smaller punch force, while the surface is more uneven in comparison with the thicker SUS304 foil. Moreover, the SUS304 foils annealed at lower temperature had smaller grains, and subsequently had smoother surface textures than those of SUS304 foils with larger grains annealed at higher temperature. The findings of size effects from lubrication, grain size and foil thickness obtained in this study will enhance the mechanism understanding of SUS304 foil deformation in MDD.
Exploring key aspects of art documentation and examination in curation technology-using Cheng-Shiu university conservation center’s project as a case study
Authors: Lin L C , Li I C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Current discussions of art documentation and examination focus on improving the artifact documentation and examination process, constructing databases, applying new technology, and conducting technical training of staff. For curators, museum collections, private collectors, artifact surveyors, and art gallery workers, documentation and examination are a critical stage in the process of archiving, exhibiting, conserving, and repairing artwork. Workers understand the function of documentation and examination, but not all workers understand these processes’ value and purpose. Apart from revealing the current condition of artifacts, what is the real value and purpose of artifact documentation and the examination process? This research considers the international and domestic projects completed by the conservation center of Cheng Shiu university and explores problems arising in the documentation and examination process for curation, art exhibitions, and collaboration with other museums, along with resolutions provided by the process. This research also examines the key roles played by the documentation and examination process in those cases. This paper emphasizes the importance of the documentation and examination process; moreover, this paper’s study of real cases demonstrates the practical applications of the documentation and examination process.
Design and analysis of component for non-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Shiau Y R , Fang J , Chen Y L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely applied in various industries and fields. Because they use a variety of rotor types, from single rotors to multi-rotors, UAVs offer a wide array of functions. However, continuously rotating rotors can be dangerous if they accidentally encounter foreign objects or bare hands. Therefore, non-rotor UAVs are the focus of discussion and modification in the present study. Non-rotor UAVs do not contain visible rotor mechanical components. Compared with the development of popularized multirotor UAVs, that of non-rotor UAVs is challenging in terms of structure and flight control. To address this challenge, wind tunnel structure models were developed in this study for different levels of aerodynamic force, and computer-aided engineering was used to conduct structural and flow field analyses to determine the key elements that reinforce non-rotor UAV structures. The research results revealed that the thickness and fillet design at the joint of the non-rotor UAV aerodynamic wind tunnel system were crucial factors influencing the system’s performance. Motor rotors can be embedded inside support structures to reduce airflow turbulence in the wind tunnel.
Remote sun tracing and solar energy generation system
Authors: Huang W C , Chiu M C , Yeh L J , Yeh L M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to generate the most electricity on a solar board. A hemisphere suntracing-module composed of small solar boards is established. According to the electrical voltages of the small solar boards, the coordinates (angles) of the solar board with maximal electrical voltage will be recognized by the server port. With this, the server port will send the information to the client ports (the solar energy generation stations) via the internet. The client ports that wirelessly (with Wi-Fi module) connect to the individual microcontroller will direct the microcontroller to trigger two step motors to rotate to the related coordinates. All the main solar boards will be simultaneously adjusted to the best direction to generate the maximal solar electricity. The generated electricity will be stored in the related storage battery. For every time interval, the new coordinate will be recognized by the sun tracing module and then forwarded to the solar energy generation stations. The time interval can be predetermined on the server port.
Optimization of rectangular mufflers inserted with baffles at high-order-modes using differential evolution method
Authors: Cheng H C , Chiu M C , Chang Y C 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough rectangular mufflers have been widely used in industry, there has been scant research on both rectangular mufflers equipped with baffles under space-constrained conditions. Moreover, much muffler assessments have been restricted to lower frequencies using the plane wave theory. This has led to an underestimation of acoustical performances at higher frequencies. Beside, an analysis of three-dimensional waves propagating for mufflers using the finite element and boundary element methods is time-consuming in calculating the noise level. Also, the optimization of space-constrained mufflers is complicated. Therefore, to enhance the acoustical performance of mufflers, rectangular mufflers internally inserted with three kinds of baffles are presented. To illuminate the acoustical effect in high-order-modes and develop an optimally shaped muffler within a space-constrained situation, an eigen function in conjunction with a differential evolution is adopted. In this paper, a four-pole system matrix for evaluating the transmission loss of a muffler is derived using an eigen function.
Investigating the role of low level reinforcement reflex loops in insect locomotion
Authors: Goldsmith C A , Quinn R D , Szczecinski N S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Insects are highly capable walkers, but many questions remain regarding how the insect nervous system controls locomotion. One particular question is how information is communicated between the ‘lower level’ ventral nerve cord (VNC) and the ‘higher level’ head ganglia to facilitate control. In this work, we seek to explore this question by investigating how systems traditionally described as ‘positive feedback’ may initiate and maintain stepping in the VNC with limited information exchanged between lower and higher level centers. We focus on the ‘reflex reversal’ of the stick insect femur-tibia joint between a resistance reflex (RR) and an active reaction in response to joint flexion, as well as the activation of populations of descending dorsal median unpaired (desDUM) neurons from limb strain as our primary reflex loops. We present the development of a neuromechanical model of the stick insect (Carausius morosus) femur-tibia (FTi) and coxa-trochanter joint control networks ‘in-the-loop’ with a physical robotic limb. The control network generates motor commands for the robotic limb, whose motion and forces generate sensory feedback for the network. We based our network architecture on the anatomy of the non-spiking interneuron joint control network that controls the FTi joint, extrapolated network connectivity based on known muscle responses, and previously developed mechanisms to produce ‘sideways stepping’. Previous studies hypothesized that RR is enacted by selective inhibition of sensory afferents from the femoral chordotonal organ, but no study has tested this hypothesis with a model of an intact limb. We found that inhibiting the network’s flexion position and velocity afferents generated a reflex reversal in the robot limb’s FTi joint. We also explored the intact network’s ability to sustain steady locomotion on our test limb. Our results suggested that the reflex reversal and limb strain reinforcement mechanisms are both necessary but individually insufficient to produce and maintain rhythmic stepping in the limb, which can be initiated or halted by brief, transient descending signals. Removing portions of this feedback loop or creating a large enough disruption can halt stepping independent of the higher-level centers. We conclude by discussing why the nervous system might control motor output in this manner, as well as how to apply these findings to generalized nervous system understanding and improved robotic control.
Aerodynamic analysis of hummingbird-like hovering flight
Authors: Haider Naeem , Shahzad Aamer , Qadri Muhammad Nafees Mumtaz , Shams Taimur Ali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Flapping wing micro aerial vehicles are studied as the substitute for fixed and rotary wing micro aerial vehicles because of the advantages such as agility, maneuverability, and employability in confined environments. Hummingbird’s sustainable hovering capability inspires many researchers to develop micro aerial vehicles with similar dynamics. In this research, a wing of a ruby-throated hummingbird is modeled as an insect wing using membrane and stiffeners. The effect of flexibility on the aerodynamic performance of a wing in hovering flight has been studied numerically by using a fluid–structure interaction scheme at a Reynolds number of 3000. Different wings have been developed by using different positions and thicknesses of the stiffeners. The chordwise and spanwise flexural stiffnesses of all the wings modeled in this work are comparable to insects of similar span and chord length. When the position of the stiffener is varied, the best-performing wing has an average lift coefficient of 0.51. Subsequently, the average lift coefficient is increased to 0.56 when the appropriate thickness of the stiffeners is chosen. The best flexible wing outperforms its rigid counterpart and produces lift and power economy comparable to a real hummingbird’s wing. That is, the average lift coefficient and power economy of 0.56 and 0.88 for the best flexible wing as compared to 0.61 and 1.07 for the hummingbird’s wing. It can be concluded that a simple manufacturable flexible wing design based on appropriate positioning and thickness of stiffeners can serve as a potential candidate for bio-inspired flapping-wing micro aerial vehicles.
Modelling and Finite Element Analysis of an Aircraft Wing using Composite Laminates
Authors: Nath Arijeet , Anand Raunika , Desai Jeet , Sultan M.T.H. , Aravind Raj S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The use of finite element analysis is increasingly gaining popularity in the design and analysis of aircraft structures. Also, composite materials in the manufacturing and design of aircraft structures are increasing due to their exceptional properties of high stiffness to weight ratio. Applications include Composite structures are made up of laminates with different fibre orientations, which adversely affects the property of the composites formed. For this study, the three main parts of the aircraft wing are considered for designing: the spars, the ribs, and the aircraft’s skin. The spars and made up of aluminium alloy, and the ribs are made up of structural steel. Two different wing models are designed. For Model 1, the skin is assigned Titanium alloy as a material, and for Model 2, CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer) with resin epoxy is used as the skin material. The ribs are made of structural steel and the spars of titanium alloy for both models. This paper aims to compare the materials mentioned above to find the optimum strength to weight ratio. It was found that, for a given uniform load on the bottom of the aircraft’s skin, a weight reduction of 2.37 % was observed in favour of Model 2, the deformation was reduced by 51 per cent, and the von-Mises stress was reduced by ≈ 85%. This paper’s results can be used in manufacturing structural components of UAV, especially the wings due to lighter weight and more flexibility and durability than standard titanium alloys and the significant role played by the orientation of the plies in deciding the strength of the composite.
Hume: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Harris James A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hume: A Very Short Introduction provides a summary of the ideas and arguments of the philosopher and historian David Hume (1711–76), looking at Hume’s writings on human nature, morality, politics, and religion. Hume’s books need to be put in biographical, historical, and intellectual context. Hume’s major philosophical works, his essays on moral and political subjects, and his History of England constitute a very important part of his output. Hume’s arguments were complex but his conclusions had subtlety. Hume had an interesting and varied life, from his early solitary philosophical experiments to the achievement of fame and wealth. Hume was without doubt a major contributor to the European Enlightenment.
Potentially inappropriate medications and their effect on falls during hospital admission
Authors: Damoiseaux-Volman Birgit A , Raven Kimmy , Sent Danielle , Medlock Stephanie , Romijn Johannes A , Abu-Hanna Ameen , van der Velde Nathalie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
to investigate the effect of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) on inpatient falls and to identify whether PIMs as defined by STOPPFall or the designated section K for falls of STOPP v2 have a stronger association with inpatient falls when compared to the general tool STOPP v2.

Methods
a retrospective observational matching study using an electronic health records dataset of patients (≥70 years) admitted to an academic hospital (2015–19), including free text to identify inpatient falls. PIMs were identified using the STOPP v2, section K of STOPP v2 and STOPPFall. We first matched admissions with PIMs to those without PIMs on confounding factors. We then applied multinomial logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis on the matched datasets to identify effects of PIMs on inpatient falls.

Results
the dataset included 16,678 hospital admissions, with a mean age of 77.2 years. Inpatient falls occurred during 446 (2.7%) admissions. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for the association between PIM exposure and falls were 7.9 (6.1–10.3) for STOPP section K, 2.2 (2.0–2.5) for STOPP and 1.4 (1.3–1.5) for STOPPFall. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) for the effect on time to first fall were 2.8 (2.3–3.5) for STOPP section K, 1.5 (1.3–1.6) for STOPP and 1.3 (1.2–1.5) for STOPPFall.

Conclusions
we identified an independent association of PIMs on inpatient falls for all applied (de)prescribing tools. The strongest effect was identified for STOPP section K, which is restricted to high-risk medication for falls. Our results suggest that decreasing PIM exposure during hospital stay might benefit fall prevention, but intervention studies are warranted.
Post-hospital falls incidence and risk factors among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Xing Xing , Chen Zi , Fong Daniel Y T , Ho Mandy , Chau Pui Hing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Post-hospital falls constitute a significant health concern for older adults who have been recently discharged from the hospital.

Objectives
To systematically summarise existing evidence on the incidence and risk factors for post-hospital falls among older adults.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Six electronic databases were searched to identify cohort studies investigating the incidence and risk factors for post-hospital falls in older adults. The incidence and risk factors for post-hospital falls were extracted. The meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled incidences and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The meta-regression and subgroup meta-analysis were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity in incidence proportions across the eligible studies. A qualitative synthesis was performed for the post-hospital falls risk factors.

Results
Eighteen studies from eight countries (n = 9,080,568) were included. The pooled incidence proportion of any and recurrent post-hospital falls was 14% (95% CI: 13%–15%) and 10% (95% CI: 5%–14%), respectively. Follow-up period, study quality, study country, setting, percentage of female subjects, percentage of subjects with previous falls and the primary data collection method for falls significantly contributed to the 64.8% of the heterogeneity in incidence proportions. Twenty-six risk factors for post-hospital falls were identified in the eligible studies, where biological factors were the most commonly identified factors. The highest risks were reported for previous falls, previous fractures, delirium and neurological diseases.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggested future post-hospital falls prevention should prioritise the needs of older adults with the dominant risk factors. Further investigations into the period-specific incidence and socioeconomic and environmental risk factors for post-hospital falls are also required.
High-resolution imaging as a tool for identifying quantitative trait loci that regulate photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Deslauriers Stephen D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A primary component of seedling establishment is the photomorphogenic response as seedlings emerge from the soil. This process is characterized by a reduced growth rate in the hypocotyl, increased root growth, opening of the apical hook and expansion of the cotyledons as photosynthetic organs. While fundamental to plant success, the photomorphogenic response can be highly variable. Additionally, studies of Arabidopsis thaliana are made difficult by subtle differences in growth rate between individuals. High-resolution imaging and computational processing have emerged as useful tools for quantification of such phenotypes. This study sought to: (i) develop an imaging methodology which could capture changes in growth rate as seedlings transition from darkness to blue light in real time, and (ii) apply this methodology to single-quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using the Cvi × Ler recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population. Significant differences in the photomorphogenic response were observed between the parent lines and analysis of 158 RILs revealed a wide range of growth rate phenotypes. Quantitative trait locus analysis detected significant loci associated with dark growth rate on chromosome 5 and significant loci associated with light growth rate on chromosome 2. Candidate genes associated with these loci, such as the previously characterized ER locus, highlight the application of this approach for QTL analysis. Genetic analysis of Landsberg lines without the erecta mutation also supports a role for ER in modulating the photomorphogenic response, consistent with previous QTL analyses of this population. Strengths and limitations of this methodology are presented, as well as means of improvement.