bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass Energy Potential for Domestic Combustion in Myanmar: Characterization of Biomass Fuel Pellets
Authors: Win Nwe Nwe , Zin Khaing Win , Tun Swe Zin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biomass is the largest contributing energy source in Myanmar due to low cost and environmental consequences. Myanmar annually produces 5.77 million ton of rice husk on 26.21 million ton of paddy rice production and 114,975 cubic ton of wood left in the forest on annually 365,000 ton of wood logs. Myanmar still needs more energy consumption to develop the agricultural economy and biomass energy in the future of the country although electricity supply is expected to increase to 55 percent in 2021-2022 FY. In this work, the chemical composition and energy composition of rice husk and assorted wood were determined. And then, the physicomechanical properties of rice husk pellets without doing size reduction but assorted wood pellets with size reduction were analyzed and compared these results with ISO 17225-6 and ISO 17225-2 standards. The assorted wood lignin content was higher than of rice husk. The ash content of rice husk was higher than that of assorted wood due to large amount of ash forming compounds such as silicon dioxide and potassium oxide in rice husk. The bulk density, net calorific value, and mechanical durability of assorted wood pellets were higher than that of rice husk pellets due to the larger amount of lignin in assorted wood. The physicomechanical properties of produced pellets were complied with ISO standards.
Study of material characteristics of core and winding to minimize losses on power transformer
Authors: Aziz M , Indarto A , Hudaya C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Power transformer has an important role in a transmission system. One factor that can reduce efficiency in the transmission system is transmission losses. Efficiency can be increased by reducing losses in the power transformer. The biggest influence determining the losses on the transformer is the material characteristic used by the transformer itself. To get maximum efficiency, it is necessary to optimize the materials on the transformer to get the lowest losses. The study is conducted by measuring core losses and copper losses on the 60 MVA 150/20 kV power transformer with the specified specifications. Furthermore, the transformer materials are changed into several types and the losses calculations are done. The calculation results are compared to get the most effective material. The results show that in the calculation of core losses, the core material type with the lowest core loss value is NK E-core of 0,49 Watt/kg. While in the calculation of copper losses, the winding material type with the lowest loss value is Continuously Transposed Conductor.
Performance of oil-free water-cooled chiller for a shopping center air conditioning system
Authors: Yatim A , Prima J A , Jofansya M A , Alhamid M I , Budihardjo  , Lubis A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many researches have been conducted on cooling equipment to reduce its energy consumption, maintenance and operation cost. Oil-free chiller uses a magnetic bearing compressor to avoid friction loss from the bearing’s contact surface. In comparison to a conventional compressor, the magnetic bearing of the motor, with the help of variable speed drive (VSD), runs more efficiently at partial loads. This paper presents the application of oil-free compressors in a chiller plant. The chiller plant also includes a chilled water system. In designing an energy-efficient air conditioning system it is important to choose proper chilled water and cooling water system. The evaporator is used to absorb the heat from the conditioned room while the condenser rejects the heat from the chiller to the environment through circulating cooling water. This research also aims to analyze the chiller plant for the air conditioning system operates in one of the shopping malls in Indonesia and how it affects the performance of the magnetic bearing chiller. The research also presents an analysis of the efficiency of the chiller plant, the coefficient of performance of each compressor, and their compliance with both national and international standards.
The use of gross split contract scheme in economic analysis of shale gas field at meliat formation in Tarakan Basin
Authors: Wahyunita S Z , Ahmudi A , Wijanarko A , Asih S C , Nasikin M , Sahlan M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to the low supply and increasing demand for natural gas in Indonesia, the government has decided to develop other resources such as shale gas. The Meliat formation in the Tarakan Basin has a shale-gas potential for which 3.8 TCF is technically recoverable with 25.1 TCF risked in place. This study examines the economic impact of the gross split contract scheme on the development of this shale-gas field. Our model leverages three flow-rate profiles, comprising a low-production profile wells having an initial production (qi) of 50 mmcf/mo, a medium-production profile wells of qi = 125 mmcf/mo and a high-production profile wells of qi = 200 mmcf/mo. We used US models and the nearest field in the Tarakan Basin as a benchmark in making investment costs for development. Sensitivity analysis was conduct for the production profile, drilling costs and wellhead gas prices. Gross split contracts have a net present value (NPV) > 0 and an individual rate of return >10% on medium and high-production profile wells. The analysis showed that the production profile is the most substantial factor that is affected by the NPV increase. As a result, the indicator of NPV reaching positive is when the gas price sets at $9.24/MMBTU for medium-production profile wells and $6.43/MMBTU for high-production profile wells.
Energy efficient smart indoor fogponics farming system
Authors: Rakib Uddin M , Suliaman M F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fogponics is a modern modified version of an Aeroponics farming system which may also be known as “Aeroponics 2.0”. This kind of farming method has been practiced and introduced by NASA through a lot of researches and experiments. To explain further, Fogponics operates similarly like the Aeroponics which uses soilless cultivation and the process of growing plants is by suspending it in the air or a fog without relying on soil to give the nutrients that plants required to grow. In addition to that, the fog is produced by placing an ultrasonic fog generator inside the mixture of water and nutrients within an enclosed base chamber. The ultrasonic fog generator capable to vibrates at supersonic frequencies and produced micro droplets of water nutrient make it easier and faster for the plant to absorb via the roots with enough amount of mixture and oxygenation. In general, one of the main factors to grow plants is the existence of sunlight energy where it will later be converted into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. During this process, water is broken down through a chemical reaction to separate oxygen and hydrogen with the released of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Thus, by the practice of indoor Fogponics farming system, the sunlight energy will be replaced with the use of suitable LED light wavelengths. LED lights are capable to emits a full photosynthetically active radiation. Another factor that contributes to the system is by monitoring the temperature, humidity, pH of the water nutrients as well as the light intensity projection. Therefore, these parameters will be monitored and controlled with the use of sensors and through the implementation of the Real-Time Clock (RTC) functionality which is benefited to operate the system with enough amount of time throughout the day, suitable for plant’s growing condition.
Techno-economic analysis of natural gas high CO2 content for dimethyl ether production with different CO2 separation using CFZ and membrane technologies
Authors: Nizami M , Purwanto W W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Development of the East Natuna gas field, the largest natural gas resources in Southeast Asia, is still highly challenging because of the presence of CO2, up to 72%. Reliable CO2 separation technology implementation with suitable CO2 handling methods is crucial to maximizing the field’s potential. Dimethyl ether is one of the chemical products that can be synthesized from natural gas that can be used as a substitute fuel for LPG. In this study, we compare the techno-economic analysis of natural gas high CO2 content to dimethyl ether using two schemes of CO2 separation: controlled freeze zone (CFZ) and membrane technology with CO2 sequestration. The process simulation is performed by Aspen Hysys V11 software. The results show that in technical aspect on dimethyl ether synthesis with CFZ feed gas (gas consumption of 0.0412 MMSCF/tonne-DME and 2.077 MWh/tonne-DME) is slightly better performance than synthesis process with membrane feed gas (0.043 MMSCF/tonne-DME and 2.077 MWh/tonne-DME). In an economical aspect, levelized cost of dimethyl ether production with CO2 sequestration of 556 US$/tonne-DME (CFZ) and 495 US$/tonne-DME (membrane) is higher than levelized cost without CO2 sequestration with the value of 378 US$/tonne-DME (CFZ) and 329 US$/tonne-DME (membrane).
A grid-tied photovoltaic transformer-less inverter with reduced leakage current
Authors: Ahmad S , Mekhilef S , Mokhlis H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The importance of transformer-less inverters has been increased since these are highly efficient, less costly, reduced in weight compared to conventional inverters for PV systems connected to grid. This fact led researchers to propose various topologies of transformer-less inverters, which have been validated for only injection of real power towards grid. However, recently new regulation has been imposed by all international power regulatory agency is that these PV inverters integrated with grid should have the capability of handling flow of a certain quantity of reactive power. By considering this point, a noble topology of transformer-less inverter has been developed for grid integrated PV system. Unlike previous topologies during reactive power injection, the new topology does not face reverse recovery issues, which helps to enhance the efficiency of the proposed inverter by exploiting MOSFET switches. Moreover, leakage current becomes low by keeping the common mode (CM) voltage at input DC voltage’s midpoint.
Numerical simulation of tides for the assessment of tidal in-stream energy in selected sites in the Philippines
Authors: Villalba I B O , Cleofe E J V , Bautista D M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Philippines has an untapped potential of ocean renewable energy, and one of the appropriate tidal energy converters for the country is in-stream tidal energy. The archipelagic nature of the country along with its position between the Pacific Ocean and West Philippine Sea results in high tidal currents due to the narrow transitions between the two large bodies of water. This study aims to assess the potential in-stream energy in the Visayas-Mindanao region using numerical simulation. Using the Advanced Circulation Model (ADCIRC) in the modelling of tides, four (4) locations in the study area with the highest simulated depth-averaged current velocities are identified, namely, Liloan Port, Hilutungan Channel, Surigao Strait and Banug Strait. Among the selected stations, Banug Strait between the Islands of Bayagnan and Awasan produces the highest energy density of 253.2 kW-h/m2. Using an 18-m diameter turbine, it is estimated to have a monthly energy output of 64.4 MW-h, which is estimated to support 260 households on average. The annual energy output of the said 18-m diameter turbine is 773.3 MW-h.
Bamboo as a structural element of architectural buildings in tropical climates
Authors: Apsari D P , Dewi O C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to give an overview of how to use bamboo as an environmentally friendly material, in order to identify its use as a structural element of architecture. The relevance of bamboo use in architectural buildings in tropical areas can be identified by examining the nature of the material. The data collection method used in this paper is derived from the review of the literature, by examining the theory of bamboo as the structure, the potential of bamboo, and the definition of structural elements on buildings in tropical climates, as well as a review of the case studies of buildings in tropical climates. There are three aspects to be reviewed, namely the material capability of the structure withstands the loads, the durability of building materials, and material flexibility in the building. Based on the results of the review, the bamboo material is still relevant when used as a structural element of the building in tropical climates, namely as a curved structure and used as a column structure-beams. Bamboo can be used as elements that require material flexibility in buildings, such as the curved structure, precast panels, funicular structures, Bamboo Reinforced Concrete, and Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Concrete (BFRC). To maintain the resilience of bamboo, effective preservation process is needed, namely by the method of Simple sap displacement technique or Modified Boucherie technique, and can also be done with the right design selection, such as design with overhang, the concept of open plan, the optimization of openings, and the use concrete footing.
Spatial justice in the distribution of public services
Authors: Setianto M A S , Gamal A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to get a better understanding on the dynamics of spatial justice and social justice, particularly in the distribution of public services. Cities are the result of social relations that create abstract spaces, where the manipulation of power takes place to maximize profits for certain parties. It is a symbol where inequality often occurs, where it shows a striking difference between the rich and the poor. This difference does not only occur in terms of income but also the quality of the environment, public facilities, access to transportation, and the distribution of public services. This study shows how the concept of spatial justice is formed from the notion of social justice. This study will also discuss the relationship between socio-spatial structure in an unjust distribution of public services; such as access to decent basic living conditions, public spaces, and infrastructure.
Correlation of 3 dimensional visibility value to rental price among retail unit in shopping centers
Authors: Khairunnisa N A , Gamal A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Conventional buying behavior has gradually changed to online shopping because of technological development. It encourages developers to develop a new shopping experience. Shopping center creates a good experience to leave a delightful impression of the shopping center for their visitors. To create a good shopping experience, we need to consider the visibility factor to provide comfort for the visitors. Shops and products that are visible can help the visitors find what they are looking for and enrich their shopping activities. This research aims to find the correlation between the 3D visibility value of shop front and rental price in the shopping center through shopping experience. The experiment conducted in this research used a different method to measure visibility compared to previous studies. The visibility value is measured in a three-dimensional way by using the volume value of the storefront area. We used an explanatory research design with a quantitative analysis method of 150 units of stores based on permanent storefront and data availability. The results showed that visibility value in estimating rental price retail units in a shopping center is significant. The finding of this research can be useful for shopping center managers to estimate the rental rate for retail units and for architects to consider the visibility factor when designing shopping center.
Elements identification for pedestrian comfort
Authors: Tanzil Y T , Gamal A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research paper aims to identify aspects that affect walking comfort. This research was triggered by the different conditions of pedestrian paths in Jakarta. Some areas in Jakarta lack the proper infrastructures that provide an optimal space for a human to walk comfortably. But how do we know that a pedestrian path is deemed comfortable by its users? Which aspects play a role to affect comfort? This research will try to look for these aspects so future urban designers will take them into consideration when designing a comfortable pedestrian path. There are a lot of theories about pedestrian and comfort, but we have selected 6 important aspects of pedestrian paths that provide comforting feeling to pedestrians. The more aspects the pedestrian has, the higher the sense of comforting feeling the users can feel.
Traditional and heritage commodities in the era 4.0: Batik home-based enterprises in the use of the internet
Authors: Tyas W P , Muhammad F , Hutama J K P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As one of Indonesia’s cultural heritage and a traditional textile, it is interesting to explore’ Batik in the modern era. As one of the leading products, Batik home-based enterprises (HBEs) need to continue to make adjustments amid the rapid development of technology. The internet is one of the technological advancement products that contribute to supporting business performance. Using the internet, entrepreneurs have the opportunity to connect to various networks and find it easy to find their buyers. This research was conducted in Pekalongan-Indonesia because Pekalongan is one of the centres for Batik artisans. This study aims to determine the extent of Batik HBEs in using the internet for the sustainability of businesses. This study uses a quantitative approach to 80 Batik home-based entrepreneurs as respondents. The study indicates that Batik HBEs in Pekalongan experience positive impacts after using the internet. The perceived impact includes increasing income and increasing market coverage of the Batik HBEs.
Performance of distributed coordination function for serving IoT applications
Authors: Harwahyu R , Cheng R G , Sari R F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) interconnects “things” and autonomously exchanges data between them. It is expected that there are more than seven billion of connections interconnected by low-power wide-area (LPWA) networks to support IoT services before 2025. Several LPWA technologies are gaining popularity recently, such as LoRa and NB-IoT. Despite of their advertised advantages over conventional technologies such as low power, long range, and cheap module, several studies and field tests shows that they cannot communicate in long-range, the DIY supporting modules are not really power efficient, and the development are rather expensive. While commercial IoT networks have yet to be widely deployed, many smart connected devices use WiFi-based connectivity. This motivates us to study and evaluate the performance of WiFi’s medium access protocol for this new use case of IoT. In the experiment, our proposed analytical model is evaluated against a custom-made Monte Carlo simulation. The result shows that our model is accurate in estimating the system performance in term of normalized throughput.
Antenna coupled bolometer simulation for terahertz radiation detection diffracted by a small metal object
Authors: Marbun H S , Apriono C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) wave technologies are becoming near future wireless technologies because of its advantages of considerable bandwidth and still unlicensed spectrum. Its small bandwidth offers a more compact wireless device on a scale of micrometers. Detection is a challenge for applying these potential technologies. An antenna coupled with a bolometer device is a candidate to capture emitted THz wave radiation. Another consideration can be any possible obstacles. This paper presents a simulation of Terahertz wave radiation detected with a dipole antenna connected to a bolometer. This research uses a 3D simulation software of CST Microwave Studio to simulate linearly THz plane waves radiation passing through a small metal object. Some dipole antennas coupled bolometer detect the power of the plane wave radiation in location after the emitted plane waves hit the object. The result shows that the highest detected power can be detected. Even the detector is located at the center of the area blocked by the metal object. This condition indicates that diffraction is high enough, affected by the comparable size, the metal, wavelength, and observation distances. More studies to characterize this diffraction effect are becoming useful, especially for THz imaging applications, such as metal detection for an airport security system.
Light detection experiment with avalanche photo diode and pin photo diode for green visible light communication
Authors: Sianturi P P , Apriono C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Visible Light Communication (VLC) has been attracting many researchers in the last decade to develop a lighting system as well as a communication system simultaneously. Light Emitting Diode (LED) for lighting systems are becoming more popular and widespread. It offers low consumption energy due to its energy transfer efficiency from electric to light. LED also offers a high response for modulation that makes it is also possible for communication purposes. Therefore, an improved configuration can provide a green communication system by reducing power consumption through combining lighting and communication system. Detection responsivity is a challenging issue to realize a VLC system. It will affect covered areas and obtained signal quality. This paper discusses the use of PIN photodiode and Avalanche Photo Diode (APD) for a detection device in a digital transmission data. This detector is generally used for fiber optic systems and offers an avalanche effect that can increase the obtained photocurrent. The obtained proper configuration and multiplication effect characteristics will be useful for designing a VLC system for green communication.
Crossing the threshold: understanding spatial patterns formed by threshold space in urban contexts
Authors: Prasetiyo A Y , Fuad A H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper explains how human perceives threshold space and its effect on spatial experience in urban contexts in Jakarta. Threshold space provides the key to the transition and connection between areas with different territorial claims. This makes the threshold space an interesting condition to see the correlation between interior and exterior spaces. This paper will focus on the threshold space formed between the commercial area and pedestrian paths in Senopati area, Jakarta. In this paper, we will analyze how threshold space eliminating the sharp division between interior of commercial buildings and exterior spaces (pedestrian paths) in order to present continuous spatial experience between two different spaces in selected urban area. This research is conducted using Boettger’s method and its six elements to analyze threshold space. This research found that a different arrangement and completeness of elements in threshold space will produce different spatial patterns.