bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Week Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on Gut Microbiota of Late Neonates With Pneumonia or Meningitis
Authors: Han Shujing , Zhang Qiaoru , Ding Yijun , Chu Ping , Zhang Jinjing , Shi Jin , Jia Shengnan , Yang Caiyun , Lu Jie , Wang Yajuan 
Published: October 2021

Background: The neonatal period is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbial community. Antibiotics can change the composition of gut microbiota.Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 14 patients with pneumonia and 14 patients with meningitis before and after antibiotic treatment, and fecal samples from five healthy neonates at the 14th and 21st days after birth were collected as well. DNA of fecal samples was extracted, and PCR amplification was performed targeting the V3–V4 variable region of 16S rDNA. After detection by high-throughput sequencing, OTU (operational taxonomic unit) clustering, species annotation, and α diversity analysis were calculated and analyzed statistically.Results: In the healthy control group, the abundance of Bifidobacterium increased significantly from 16.75 to 40.42%, becoming the most dominant bacteria. The results of α diversity analysis suggested that the Sobs indexes of the gut microbiota in the pneumonia and meningitis groups were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (p &lt; 0.05). PCoA analysis showed that the gut microbiota of pneumonia and meningitis groups clustered distinctly with the control group (Adonis p = 0.001, R2 = 0.565), and there was no significant change in the diversity of gut microbiota before and after the use of antibiotics.Conclusions: The gut microbiota of neonates with infectious diseases were mainly related to the disease conditions. The initial state of neonatal gut microbiome determines its state after 1-week antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic application with 7 days had little effect on the community richness and some effect on the composition of gut microbiota of neonates with pneumonia or meningitis.
Model Based Identification of Linezolid Exposure–toxicity Thresholds in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Fang Jie , Zhang Xiao-Shan , Zhang Chun-Hong , Zhou Zi-Ye , Han Lu , Wang Ye-Xuan , He Xiao-Shuang , Bian Xiao-Lan , Lin Guan-Yang , Jiao Zheng , Dai Ying , Yu Xu-Ben , Pan Jing-Ye 
Published: October 2021

Evidence supports linezolid therapeutic drug monitoring as the exposure–response relationship has been identified for toxicity among patients receiving linezolid, but the data to establish the upper limit are limited and the published toxicity thresholds range widely. The purpose of this study was to determine the linezolid exposure–toxicity thresholds to improve the safety of linezolid. This is a multicenter retrospective study of adult patients treated with linezolid from 2018 to 2019. The population pharmacokinetic model of linezolid was established based on 270 plasma concentrations in 152 patients, which showed creatinine clearance and white cell count are covariates affecting the clearance of linezolid, and serum albumin is the covariate affecting the volume of distribution. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to determine the linezolid exposure thresholds associated with an increased probability of toxicity. Among 141 patients included for toxicity analysis, the rate of occurring toxicity was significantly higher among patients with an AUC0-24, d1 ≥163 mg h/L, AUC0-24, d2 ≥207 mg h/L, AUC0-24, ss ≥210 mg h/L, and Cmin,d2 ≥6.9 mg/L, Cmin,ss ≥6.9 mg/L, while no threshold was discovered for Cmin, d1. Those exposure thresholds and duration of linezolid treatment were independently associated with linezolid-related toxicity in the logistic regression analyses. In addition, the predictive performance of the AUC0-24 and Cmin thresholds at day 2 and steady state were close. Considering that the AUC estimation is cumbersome, Cmin threshold at 48 h and steady state with a value of ≥6.9 mg/L is recommended to improve safety, especially for patients with renal insufficiency and patients with low serum albumin.
Germacrone Attenuates Hepatic Stellate Cells Activation and Liver Fibrosis via Regulating Multiple Signaling Pathways
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Wang Zhilei , Dong Fang , Shi Wei , Dai Wenzhang , Zhao Jing , Li Qiang , Fang Zhi-e , Ren Lutong , Liu Tingting , Wei Ziying , Mou Wenqing , Lin Li , Yang Yan , Xiao Xiaohe , Ma Li , Bai Zhaofang 
Published: October 2021

Liver fibrosis is an abnormal proliferation of connective tissue in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors. Chronic liver injury leads to release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from damaged hepatocytes, which activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to secrete extracellular matrix proteins, thereby leading to fibrosis. Thus, inhibition of hepatocyte injury and HSC activation, and promotion of apoptosis of activated HSCs are important strategies for prevention of liver fibrosis. In this study, we showed that the germacrone (GER), the main component in the volatile oil of zedoary turmeric, inhibited hepatic fibrosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways. First, GER improved the cell survival rate by inhibiting the production of ROS after hepatocyte injury caused by acetaminophen (APAP). In addition, GER inhibited the activation of HSCs and expression of collagen I by blocking TGF-β/Smad pathway in LX-2 cells. However, when the concentration of GER was higher than 60 μM, it specifically induced HSCs apoptosis by promoting the expression and activation of apoptosis-related proteins, but it had no effect on hepatocytes. Importantly, GER significantly attenuated the methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting liver injury and the activation of HSCs in vivo. In summary, GER can not only protect hepatocytes by reducing ROS release to avoid the liver injury-induced HSC activation, but also directly inhibit the activation and survival of HSCs by regulating TGF-β/Smad and apoptosis pathways. These results demonstrate that GER can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Comparative Study of the Effects of Tai Chi and Square Dance on Immune Function, Physical Health, and Life Satisfaction in Urban Empty-Nest Older Adults
Authors: Su ZhongJun , Zhao JieXiu 
Published: October 2021

Objective:To compare the effects of Tai Chi and Square dance on immune function, physical health, and life satisfaction in urban, empty-nest older adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 249 older adults (60–69 years) who were categorized into Tai Chi (n= 81), Square dance (n= 90), and control groups (n= 78). We evaluated immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity by MTT assay, physical health indices by physical fitness levels, and life satisfaction by Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA) scores.Results:Immune function, physical health, and life satisfaction in older adults in the Tai Chi and Square dance groups were significantly better than those in the control group (P&lt; 0.05). Regarding immune function and physical health, the Tai Chi group exhibited significantly higher levels of IgG (15.41 ± 0.26 g/L vs. 11.99 ± 0.35 g/L,P&lt; 0.05), IL-2 (4.60 ± 0.20 ng/mL vs. 4.45 ± 0.21 ng/mL,P&lt; 0.05), and NK cell cytotoxicity (0.28 ± 0.02 vs. 0.22 ± 0.02,P&lt; 0.05) than the square dance group, significantly lower waist-to-hip ratio (0.87 ± 0.02 vs. 0.89 ± 0.02,P&lt; 0.05), resting pulse (78.4 ± 4.6 beats/min vs. 81.0 ± 3.1 beats/min,P&lt; 0.05), systolic blood pressure (132.0 ± 5.2 mmHg vs. 136.2 ± 3.2 mmHg,P&lt; 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (80.0 ± 2.6 mmHg vs. 83.0 ± 2.7 mmHg,P&lt; 0.05), and significantly higher vital capacity (2978.0 ± 263.0 mL vs. 2628.3 ± 262.8 mL,P&lt; 0.05) and duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed (16.2 ± 1.9 s vs. 12.0 ± 1.7 s). However, there was no significant difference in LSIA scores between the Tai Chi and Square dance groups (12.05 ± 1.96 vs. 13.07 ± 1.51,P&gt; 0.05). Further, there was a significant correlation between LSIA scores and immune function (r= 0.50,P= 0.00) and physical health (r= 0.64,P= 0.00).Conclusion:(1) Both Tai Chi and square dance practitioners had better health outcomes, compared with sedentary individuals; (2) Tai Chi practitioners had better physical health and immune function than Square dance practitioners. (3) Tai Chi and Square dance exercises had similar effects on life satisfaction among urban empty-nest older adults.Suggestions:For urban empty-nest older adults who want to have better physical health and immune function, long-term Tai Chi exercise may be a better choice; however, those who are concerned about life satisfaction can choose either Tai Chi or Square dance exercise.
Influential Factors on Collective Anxiety of Online Topic-Based Communities
Authors: Yang Yi , Ta Na , Li Kaiyu , Jiao Fang , Hu Baijing , Li Zhanghao 
Published: October 2021

Background: Under the uncertainty led by the decentralized information on social media, people seek homogeneity in either opinions or affection to establish group identity to better understand the information. This also means they are easily polarized, not only ideologically but also in their actions. Affective polarization is the emotional tendency for people to show animosity toward opposing partisans while seeking homogeneity from fellow partisans. Much research into online affective polarization has focused on quantifying anxiety at an individual level while neglecting that on a collective basis. Therefore, this paper examined the polarization of collective anxiety in topic-based communities on Weibo.Methods: We aim to interpret correlations between collective anxiety online and topic characteristics, user competence, as well as the proportion of influencers of Weibo topic-based communities. Our neural networks model and statistical analysis were based on 200 communities with 403,380 personal accounts and 1,012,830 messages.Results: Collective anxiety levels are correlated to (1) the extent to which a topic captures public interest, (2) how community members articulate topics on social network platforms, and (3) the ratio of influencers in the community. Specifically, people’s conflicting perceptions and articulations of topics might increase collective anxiety, while the extent to which a topic is of the public interest and the number of influencers engaged in a topic account for any decline in its ranking. Furthermore, familiarity with a topic does not help predict collective anxiety levels. There are no significant links between community size or interactivity dynamics and the level of collective anxiety in the topic-based community. Our computational model has 85.00% precision and 87.00% recall.Conclusion: This study found the collective anxiety augment due to topic proximities to public interest and members’ lack of declarative knowledge on topics, while to decline with an increasing portion of online influencers. These findings indicate that collective anxiety is induced due to a lack of credibility. Also, the amount of conflicting information shared by different people places them in a state of flux. Therefore, a community with more influencers may be more likely to experience anxiety polarization, bringing forth the issue of layered information and inequality.
Effectiveness Between Daily and After-Each-Case Room Disinfection of the Endoscopy Unit
Authors: Jin Bo , Hu Yue , Huang Liang , Cheng Xiaoyun , Zhao Jin , Yang Xuejing , Sun Xiling , Gan Tieer , Lu Bin 
Published: October 2021

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness between daily and after-each-case room disinfection in the endoscopy unit.Methods: This study was conducted in an endoscopy unit of the First Affiliation of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. We cultured samples from the surface of endoscopy unit items, including operation unit air, isolation gown of an endoscopist, control panel buttons, workstation mouse, and the bed head of the patient. All the samples were divided into daily and after-each-case room disinfection groups. In addition, each group was subdivided into sedation and nonsedation gastroscopy with and without ventilation room groups.Results: The qualified rate of bed head samples of the patient were lower in the daily room disinfection group (76.67%) compared with the after-each-case group (100%). The isolation gown, mouse at the workstation, and the bed head of the patient demonstrated the lowest bacterial and fungal load in the after-each-case room disinfection group compared with the daily room disinfection group (p &lt; 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, a higher microbial load was observed for the isolation gown of the endoscopist used during nonsedation gastroscopy in an unventilated room under the after-each-case room disinfection pattern (p &lt; 0.05); a higher microbial load was observed for the control panel buttons used during nonsedation gastroscopy under the after-each-case room disinfection pattern (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: For risk-free or low-risk patients, daily room disinfection provides the basic health requirements of the endoscopy procedure. However, it is better to adopt the after-each-case room disinfection for the isolation gown of the endoscopist and bed head of the patient. For the patients with high risk, the after-each-case room disinfection is more suitable for every endoscopy unit (www.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04399005).
The Expected Demand for Elderly Care Services and Anticipated Living Arrangements Among the Oldest Old in China Based on the Andersen Model
Authors: Zeng Yanbing , Que Shuang , Lin Chenxi , Fang Ya 
Published: October 2021

Objective: The first aim of this study was to explore expected demands of the oldest old and their determinants for different types of elderly care services. The second aim was to investigate preferred choices of living arrangements among the oldest old and the influencing factors.Methods: Data of 4,738 participants aged ≥80 years were extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey carried out in 2014. Using the Andersen model as the analysis framework, a multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the expected elderly care services and living arrangements and other influencing factors. The odds ratios were calculated to indicate the relationship between the influencing factors and the dependent variables.Results: From the descriptive analysis results, we found that the oldest old showed high anticipated needs for home visits (83.5%) and health education (76.4%). Further, there existed a huge imbalance between the supply and demand of care services for the aged. Living with children is still the most important way of providing for the oldest old. The regression results showed that the expected demands for elderly care services and anticipated living arrangements among the oldest old in China are influenced by age, residence, housing property rights, economic status, loneliness, and activities of daily living (ADLs). The oldest old who are older without housing property rights, childless, and have restricted ADLs were more frequently observed to live in long-term care institutions.Conclusions: There is an inequality of the supply and expected demand for elderly care services, and living with children is still a preferred choice of the Chinese oldest old. Our findings indicate that when planning how to promote elderly care services among the oldest old, it is important to consider their expectations, especially for the subgroup that is relatively disadvantaged. Related policies should be developed to offer incentives to family caregivers when they live with the oldest old.
Ciranda entre Educação e Saúde: Aspectos da Saúde Mental do Adolescente em Contexto Escolar em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Inácio de Alencar Aguiar Ana Caroline , Rocha Barros Lemos Delite Conceição , Rodrigues da Silva Érica Vanessa , Vasconcelos Sousa Estefane , Nascimento Sousa Kaynna Beatriz , Borges de Sousa Filho Paulo César 
Published: October 2021

O contexto escolar e o público adolescente foram bastante impactados pelo novo cenário de pandemia. Objetivo: Analisar quais fatores decorrentes da pandemia tem repercutido na saúde mental dos adolescentes em contexto escolar, bem como averiguar as principais estratégias promotoras de saúde mental no contexto escolar em tempos de pandemia. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de práticas multiprofissionais no contexto escolar, envolvendo as áreas da psicologia e da enfermagem com os alunos do ensino médio de uma escola filantrópica da cidade de Teresina - PI. Resultados: Foram identificadas demandas relacionadas í saúde do adolescente e a partir das práticas dos respectivos profissionais foi possí­vel oportunizar estratégias de promoção í saúde dos mesmos. Conclusão: Ficou evidente que mesmo diante da situação pandêmica e das adversidades, a preocupação com a saúde e bem estar dos alunos é única e impulsionou para o desenvolvimento de novas ações dentro da escola.
Підвищення якості великогабаритних деталей, виготовлених методом FDM 3D друку.
Authors: Vysloukh S. , Yaryhin V. , Globa О. , Ivanenko R. 
Published: October 2021

Сучасне устаткування дозволяє регулювати лише безпосередньо температуру сопла (температуру друку пластику), не враховуючи при цьому температуру зовнішнього середовища. Відомо, що більшість моделей принтерів мають відкриті корпуси і виріб може охолоджуватись нерівномірно. Ймовірність отримання браку як за якісними характеристиками поверхонь, так і за формою зростає. Описана нами пропозиція модернізації конструкції принтера дозволить оптимізувати весь процес друку. Зменшення або усунення необхідності пост-обробки деталі, дозволить зменшити час повного циклу її виготовлення і знизить її кінцеву вартість. Уникнення ж помилок на етапі виготовлення прототипу, виключать можливість прихованих помилок після запуску виробу в серію.У статті, з метою пошуку оптимальних параметрів покращення якості деталі, визначається, яким чином підтримання мікрокліматичних умов в зоні друку впливає на параметри якості деталі. Встановлено, що на якість крупногабаритних виробів, виготовлених методом FDM друку, суттєво впливають процеси підтримання температурних режимів. Результатом дослідження окреслено шляхи усунення недоліків друку, зокрема шляхом модернізації принтера.
A kora újkori magyarországi prédikációirodalom kutatásának eredményei és jövőbeni irányai
Authors: Kecskeméti Gábor 
Published: October 2021

The research of Early Modern sermon literature in Hungary has achieved significant results in the past decades. The research has covered the availability and interpretation of the texts as well as the historical understanding of the metadiscourse of theoretical reflection on preaching. In my opinion, however, we do not always make a clear enough distinction regarding when and to what extent we deliver the work of a literary historian. This study highlights three approaches based on which we do not simply chase the references of the texts but aim at examining their auto-referential characteristics.
1. Two quite different schools of literary studies have a common interest in understanding the intertextuality of sermon texts. Structural description cannot make a move without intertextuality as it has great significance in judging the structure, formation, integrity, and coherence of texts; while its importance for the approach of reception history is obvious.
2. Regarding all the rhetorical systems of the Early Modern Age, rhetorical genre theory was the one which initiated the greatest renewal of the tradition of rhetorical theory that had stemmed from antiquity and had been revealed by Humanism (Melanchthon’s genus didascalicum; Hyperius’ five homiletic genera). The widespread prevalence of Melanchthon’s idea that had lasted for a century was halted by Vossius’ reception, that is, rational-intellectual teaching-disserting confessional discussion gave its place to the discourse of Classicism at the beginning of the 17th century. Hyperius’ classification was cherished by the homiletics of international Calvinism at the end of the 16th century; it turned his literary genres into those parts of the sermon text that give space to the usus. In the second half of the 17th century, in a Lutheran milieu, provoking emotions got a greater significance – the three non-didactic kinds of Hyperius’ five gains could still provide an appropriate framework to it.
3. Out of the reflections that anticipate the late 18th-century theses of poetic and aesthetic thinking, the theoretic positions occupied by homiletics are the most articulated ones in the field of alterity. In the corpus of previous literature, the text group, which can be most evidently compared to the unique role that emotionality would have in post-romantic literature, had developed in the literary genres of piety.
FEATURES OF THE FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT OF OWN CAPITAL: PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPING A SELF-FINANCING POLICY
Authors: Симонова Елена Сергеевна 
Published: October 2021

Статья посвящена раскрытию темы об особенностях формирования политики управления собственным капиталом. Поскольку от качества управления собственными ресурсами зависит дальнейшая деятельность предприятия, его стабильное и устойчивое состояние в условиях рыночной экономики.
The article is devoted to the disclosure of the topic about the peculiarities of the formation of the equity management policy. Since the quality of the management of its own resources depends on the further activity of the enterprise, its stable and stable state in a market economy.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE ESSENCE OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONAL-EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES
Authors: Фантров Павел Петрович , Каххоров Давлатали Гаффорович , Магомедов Микаил Рабазанович 
Published: October 2021

В статье на основе анализа современной научной литературы, дается общая характеристика теоретических подходов к определению сущности результатов оперативно-розыскной деятельности. Отмечается, что в российской юридической литературе еще не до конца сложилась доктрина единого научного подхода к определению концепта «результаты оперативно-розыскной деятельности».
Based on the analysis of modern scientific literature, the article provides a general description of theoretical approaches to determining the essence of the results of operational-search activities. It is noted that in the Russian legal literature the doctrine of a unified scientific approach to the definition of the concept of "results of operational-search activity" has not yet been fully developed.
THE PROBLEM OF APPLYING OPTION AGREEMENTS
Authors: Колесникова Ольга Юрьевна 
Published: October 2021

Актуальность исследования опционных соглашений и практики их применения в предпринимательской деятельности в настоящее время вызвана недостаточно проработанным механизмом правового регулирования возникающих в связи с этим отношений. Проблема исследования заключается в определении понятия "опцион". По итогам анализа проблемы предложено уточнение данного понятия.
The study relevance of option agreements and the practice of their application in business activities are currently caused by an insufficiently developed mechanism of legal regulation of the relations arising in this regard. The study problem is the definition of the concept of "option". Based on the problem analysis results, a clarification of this concept is proposed.