bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic cigarette and smoking paraphernalia point of sale displays: an observational study in England
Authors: Brocklebank Laura A , Blackwell Anna K M , Marteau Theresa M , De-loyde Katie , Morris Richard W , Burgoine Thomas , Hobson Alice , Ventsel Minna , Munafo Marcus R 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundTobacco point of sale (POS) retail displays are banned in many countries, including in England, due in part to evidence linking them to greater susceptibility to smoking in children. There is no equivalent ban on displays of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or smoking paraphernalia (eg, cigarette lighters) in England, which are often positioned alongside covered tobacco storage units. This observational study describes the visibility and placement of e-cigarette and smoking paraphernalia POS displays in major tobacco retailers in two cities in England to inform future research examining their possible links to susceptibility to tobacco smoking, particularly in children.MethodsResearchers visited all small- and large-format stores of four supermarket chains and a randomly selected sample of convenience stores, in Bristol and Cambridge. A standardised checklist was used to create a total visibility score for POS displays of (a) e-cigarettes and (b) smoking paraphernalia, plus other measures of visibility and placement. These were described for the total sample and compared between areas of low, medium, and high deprivation using general linear models adjusting for store location and store type.ResultsThe visibility checklist was completed in 133 of 166 stores (80% completion rate). Both e-cigarette and smoking paraphernalia POS displays were present in 96% of stores. POS displays were highly visible across all stores: mean (SD) total visibility scores, out of 17, were 14.7 (1.8) for e-cigarettes and 12.7 (1.8) for smoking paraphernalia. There was no clear evidence of differences in visibility by area of deprivation.ConclusionE-cigarette and smoking paraphernalia POS displays are near ubiquitous and highly visible in major tobacco retailers in two cities in England. The impact of these displays on tobacco smoking in children and adults is unknown, meriting urgent research to assess their effect on susceptibility to tobacco smoking in children.
Utilization of granite powder and glass powder in reactive powder concrete: assessment of strength and long-term durability properties
Authors: Venkatesan B. , Kannan V. , Sophia M. 
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to assess the mechanical and long-term durability performance of reactive powder concrete (RPC) containing granite powder (GrP) as cement replacement and waste glass powder (GP) as quartz sand replacement. The workability and mechanical behaviour of RPC containing various proportions of GrP and GP are assessed for different water/binder (w/b) ratios (0.3, 0.35, 0.4, and 0.45). The water resistance and tightness of RPC are measured by monitoring the electrical resistivity, water absorption, sorptivity, and chloride migration over a one-year period. Results reveal that substitution of GrP and GP at optimum levels of 15% and 30% respectively enhances the performance of RPC with the achievement of satisfiable workability at a 0.35 w/b ratio. A significant increase in the resistance towards chloride penetration and electrical resistivity was also observed with increasing ages. Thus, glass powder and granite powder can be considered as alternative construction materials providing economical and ecological efficiency.
W-shape bright and several other solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Saliou Youssoufa , Abbagari Souleymanou , Houwe Alphonse , Osman M. S. , Yamigno Doka Serge , Crépin Kofané Timoléon , Inc Mustafa 
Published: September 2021

By employing the Modified Sardar Sub-Equation Method (MSEM), several solitons such as W-shape bright, dark solitons, trigonometric function solutions and singular function solutions have been obtained in two famous nonlinear evolution equations which are used to describe waves in quantum electron–positron–ion magnetoplasmas and weakly nonlinear ion-acoustic waves in a plasma. These models are the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear extended quantum Zakharov–Kuznetsov (NLEQZK) equation and the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (NLmZK) equation, respectively. Comparing the obtained results with Refs. 32–34 and Refs. 43–46, additional soliton-like solutions have been retrieved and will be useful in future to explain the interaction between lower nonlinear ion-acoustic waves and the parameters of the MSEM and the obtained figures will have more physical explanation.
SwingNet
Authors: Jia Hong , Hu Jiawei , Hu Wen 
Published: September 2021

Sports analytics in the wild (i.e., ubiquitously) is a thriving industry. Swing tracking is a key feature in sports analytics. Therefore, a centimeter-level tracking resolution solution is required. Recent research has explored deep neural networks for sensor fusion to produce consistent swing-tracking performance. This is achieved by combining the advantages of two sensor modalities (IMUs and depth sensors) for golf swing tracking. Here, the IMUs are not affected by occlusion and can support high sampling rates. Meanwhile, depth sensors produce significantly more accurate motion measurements than those produced by IMUs. Nevertheless, this method can be further improved in terms of accuracy and lacking information for different domains (e.g., subjects, sports, and devices). Unfortunately, designing a deep neural network with good performance is time consuming and labor intensive, which is challenging when a network model is deployed to be used in new settings. To this end, we propose a network based on Neural Architecture Search (NAS), called SwingNet, which is a regression-based automatic generated deep neural network via stochastic neural network search. The proposed network aims to learn the swing tracking feature for better prediction automatically. Furthermore, SwingNet features a domain discriminator by using unsupervised learning and adversarial learning to ensure that it can be adaptive to unobserved domains. We implemented SwingNet prototypes with a smart wristband (IMU) and smartphone (depth sensor), which are ubiquitously available. They enable accurate sports analytics (e.g., coaching, tracking, analysis and assessment) in the wild.
Our comprehensive experiment shows that SwingNet achieves less than 10 cm errors of swing tracking with a subject-independent model covering multiple sports (e.g., golf and tennis) and depth sensor hardware, which outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.
The Novel RET Inhibitor SYHA1815 Inhibits RET-Driven Cancers and Overcomes Gatekeeper Mutations by Inducing G1 Cell-Cycle Arrest through c-Myc Downregulation
Authors: Jiang Yuchen , Peng Xia , Ji Yinchun , Dai Yang , Fang Yanfen , Xiong Bing , Ren Wenming , Hu Youhong , Chen Yi , Ai Jing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rearranged during transfection (RET), an oncogenic driver, has been found in multiple tumor types and is thus a promising anticancer therapeutic target. Novel selective RET inhibitors (RETi) that can overcome V804 gatekeeper mutations, endowing resistance to multikinase inhibitors (MKI) and, in particular, achieving KDR selectivity, are needed. In addition, the mechanisms underlying RET–inhibition-induced antiproliferative effects in the context of RET addiction are incompletely understood. This study describes a novel selective RETi, SYHA1815, which inhibited the kinase activity of RET wild type and V804 mutant with an IC50 in the subnanomolar to nanomolar range. Notably, SYHA1815 exhibited approximately 20-fold selectivity for RET over KDR, almost equivalent to that of the launched selective inhibitor pralsetinib. SYHA1815 had only a marginal inhibitory effect on cellular KDR signaling at a high (200 nmol/L) concentration, confirming the selectivity over KDR. In addition, SYHA1815 exhibited a favorable selectivity profile, with greater than 100-fold selectivity for RET over 347 other kinases. It exhibited potent antitumor efficacy and overcame V804 mutations in vitro and in vivo by targeting RET. Then, using SYHA1815 as a probe, we found that RET inhibition suppressed RET-driven cell proliferation via G1 cell-cycle arrest through downregulating c-Myc. Furthermore, disruption of c-Myc upon Brd4 inhibitor treatment led to G1 cell-cycle arrest and overrode RET-driven cell proliferation. Moreover, consistent with the marked in vivo efficacy of RET inhibition, the intratumoral c-Myc level was significantly decreased. In summary, SYHA1815 is a promising RETi for RET-aberrant cancer treatment that is currently in a phase I trial.
Adenosine A2A Receptor Activation Enhances Blood–Tumor Barrier Permeability in a Rodent Glioma Model
Authors: Vézina Amélie , Manglani Monica , Morris DreeAnna , Foster Brandon , McCord Matthew , Song Hua , Zhang Meili , Davis Dionne , Zhang Wei , Bills Jessica , Nagashima Kunio , Shankarappa Priya , Kindrick Jessica , Walbridge Stuart , Peer Cody J. , Figg William D. , Gilbert Mark R. , McGavern Dorian B. , Muldoon Leslie L. , Jackson Sadhana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

The blood–tumor barrier (BTB) limits the entry of effective chemotherapeutic agents into the brain for treatment of malignant tumors like glioblastoma. Poor drug entry across the BTB allows infiltrative glioma stem cells to evade therapy and develop treatment resistance. Regadenoson, an FDA-approved adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist, has been shown to increase drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier in non–tumor-bearing rodents without a defined mechanism of enhancing BTB permeability. Here, we characterize the time-dependent impact of regadenoson on brain endothelial cell interactions and paracellular transport, using mouse and rat brain endothelial cells and tumor models. In vitro, A2AR activation leads to disorganization of cytoskeletal actin filaments by 30 minutes, downregulation of junctional protein expression by 4 hours, and reestablishment of endothelial cell integrity by 8 hours. In rats bearing intracranial gliomas, regadenoson treatment results in increase of intratumoral temozolomide concentrations, yet no increased survival noted with combined temozolomide therapy. These findings demonstrate regadenoson's ability to induce brain endothelial structural changes among glioma to increase BTB permeability. The use of vasoactive mediators, like regadenoson, which transiently influences paracellular transport, should further be explored to evaluate their potential to enhance central nervous system treatment delivery to aggressive brain tumors.

Implications:
This study provides insight on the use of a vasoactive agent to increase exposure of the BTB to chemotherapy with intention to improve glioma treatment efficacy.
Resenha elaborada por Maria Catarina Chitolina Zanini
Authors: Zanini Maria Catarina Chitolina 
Published: September 2021

GASPAR, Rafael Bezerra. O Eldorado dos gaúchos. Deslocamentos de agricultores do sul do país e seu estabelecimento no leste maranhense. São Luis: EDUFMA/FAPEMA, 2013.
TEXT REVIEW:
Rafael Bezerra Gaspar.
Long-Term Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Progression of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Their Correlation With Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Kalantarian Shadi , Åström Aneq Meriam , Svetlichnaya Jana , Sharma Shikha , Vittinghoff Eric , Klein Liviu , Scheinman Melvin M. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Prior studies of structural and electrocardiographic changes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy and their role in predicting ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia) have shown conflicting results.

Methods:
We reviewed 405 ECGs, 315 transthoracic echocardiographies, and 441 implantable cardioverter defibrillator interrogations in 64 arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy patients (56% men, mean age [SD], 44.2 [14.6] years) over a mean follow-up of 10 (range, 2.3–19) years. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify the association between ECG abnormalities, clinical variables, and transthoracic echocardiographic measurements (>mild degree of tricuspid regurgitation, RV outflow tract diameter in parasternal long axis and short axis, RV end-diastolic area, fractional area change).

Results:
There was a 4.65 (95% CI, 0.51%–8.8%) increase in RV end-diastolic area, a 3.75 (95% CI, 1.17%–6.34%) decrease in fractional area change, and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3–2.8) higher odds (odds ratio) of RV wall motion abnormality with every 5-year increase in age after patients’ first transthoracic echocardiography. >Mild tricuspid regurgitation was an independent predictor of RV enlargement and dysfunction (hazard ratio of >10% drop in fractional area change from baseline [95% CI], 3.51 [1.77–6.95] and hazard ratio of >10% increase in RV end-diastolic area from baseline [95% CI], 4.90 [2.52–9.52]). Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator were more likely to develop >mild tricuspid regurgitation and larger structural and functional disease progression. More pronounced increase in RV end-diastolic area was translated into higher rates of any ventricular tachycardia. Inferior T-wave inversions and sum of R waves (mm) in V1 to V3 were predictors of RV enlargement and dysfunction with the former also predicting risk of any ventricular tachycardia.

Conclusions:
Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease. Tricuspid regurgitation is an independent predictor of structural disease progression, which may be exacerbated by use of a transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead.
Arterial Spin Labeling for the Etiological Workup of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Children
Authors: Hak Jean François , Boulouis Grégoire , Kerleroux Basile , Benichi Sandro , Stricker Sarah , Gariel Florent , Garzelli Lorenzo , Meyer Philippe , Kossorotoff Manoelle , Boddaert Nathalie , Vidal Vincent , Girard Nadine , Dangouloff Ros Volodia , Brunelle Francis , Blauwblomme Thomas , Naggara Olivier 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:
Pediatric nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for half of stroke in children. Early diagnostic of the causative underlying lesion is the first step toward prevention of hemorrhagic recurrence. We aimed to investigate the performance of arterial spin labeling sequence (ASL) in the acute phase etiological workup for the detection of an arteriovenous shunt (AVS: including malformation and fistula), the most frequent cause of pediatric nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods:
Children with a pediatric nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage between 2011 and 2019 enrolled in a prospective registry were retrospectively included if they had undergone ASL-magnetic resonance imaging before any etiological treatment. ASL sequences were reviewed using cerebral blood flow maps by 2 raters for the presence of an AVS. The diagnostic performance of ASL was compared with admission computed tomography angiography, other magnetic resonance imaging sequences including contrast-enhanced sequences and subsequent digital subtraction angiography.

Results:
A total of 121 patients with pediatric nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage were included (median age, 9.9 [interquartile range, 5.8–13]; male sex 48.8%) of whom 76 (63%) had a final diagnosis of AVS. Using digital subtraction angiography as an intermediate reference, visual ASL inspection had a sensitivity and a specificity of, respectively, 95.9% (95% CI, 88.5%–99.1%) and 79.0% (95% CI, 54.4%–94.0%). ASL had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 90.2%, 97.2%, and 92.5%, respectively for the detection of the presence of an AVS, with near perfect interrater agreement (κ=0.963 [95% CI, 0.912–1.0]). The performance of ASL alone was higher than that of other magnetic resonance imaging sequences, individually or combined, and higher than that of computed tomography angiography.

Conclusions:
ASL has strong diagnostic performance for the detection of AVS in the initial workup of intracerebral hemorrhage in children. If our findings are confirmed in other settings, ASL may be a helpful diagnostic imaging modality for patients with pediatric nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: 3618210420, 2217698.
Reconsidering the Topography of al-Balīd (Oman): A Preliminary Review of the Graphical Documentation
Authors: D’Andrea Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the last 70 years several groups investigated the ancient site of al-Balīd. From Costa onwards all researchers placed their spatial data on the grid provided by the Italian archaeologist; in order to precise the positioning of the monuments and of the single excavations, the scholars sub-divided the original grid in smaller units. Jansen introduced a completely 3D digital recording system by the use of total station. Isenberg improved the information system using more sophisticated and accurate spatial technologies. From Jansen onwards all data were geo-referenced according to local cartographical coordinates. The paper focused on the graphical documentation provided by each research group and on the methodology underlying the data.
Srednii mir. L’eurasismo e la riflessione storica di Nicola Ottokar
Authors: Pubblici Lorenzo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Within the generation of Russian intellectuals, emigrated because of the Revolution and disseminated in universities all over the world, a new critical elaboration of Russian history was born. It was an authentic cultural movement; it called itself eurasianist, and their historical theses took the name of Eurasianism. For the Eurasianists, Russian history underwent an epochal turning point following the Mongol invasion and domination, which dragged Russian politics, economy, and culture towards Asia. It was the Asian cultural influence that dominated the most profound Russian spirit and made the country the beacon of future civilization, in contrast to Western decadent capitalist materialism. Nikolaj P. Ottokar was a highly respected specialist of medieval Florence, but he was also a Russian émigré, who desired to make his homeland known in a Western Europe that had an image of Russia mostly filtered through the most recent events and ideological paroxysm of those years. Ottokar belongs to that generation of exiles and dedicated two books (1936 and 1950) to Russia’s history. Through the analysis of those texts and the historical part that Ottokar wrote for the Italian Encyclopedia under Russia, this article (the first of a wider project on the Russian historian) aims to analyze Ottokar’s historical thought on Russia and understand whether or not the medievalist shared the eurasianist theses.
Greek Influences on Syriac and Contact-Induced Changes: Reflections on a Recent Book
Authors: Nicosia Mara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews and comments upon a recent monograph by Aaron M. Butts on linguistic contacts between Greek and Syriac, Language Change in the Wake of Empire: this volume is also used as an opportunity to discuss the expectations for this kind of studies in the future years, and to reflect upon their past. The importance of Butts’ book as a crucial tool for the scholarly community involved in contact-induced studies is here highlighted. Butts offers a most welcome new and thorough analysis of the materials collected by his predecessors and adds his personal new data. This review article also provides a brief recollection of previous studies, that opened the way to Butts’ comprehensive approach.
Dynamical Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity Using the FGOALS-f2 Ensemble Prediction System
Authors: Li Jinxiao , Bao Qing , Liu Yimin , Wu Guoxiong , Wang Lei , He Bian , Wang Xiaocong , Yang Jing , Wu Xiaofei , Shen Zili 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThere is a distinct gap between tropical cyclone (TC) prediction skill and the societal demand for accurate predictions, especially in the western Pacific (WP) and North Atlantic (NA) basins, where densely populated areas are frequently affected by intense TC events. In this study, seasonal prediction skill for TC activity in the WP and NA of the fully coupled FGOALS-f2 V1.0 dynamical prediction system is evaluated. In total, 36 years of monthly hindcasts from 1981 to 2016 were completed with 24 ensemble members. The FGOALS-f2 V1.0 system has been used for real-time predictions since June 2017 with 35 ensemble members, and has been operationally used in the two operational prediction centers of China. Our evaluation indicates that FGOALS-f2 V1.0 can reasonably reproduce the density of TC genesis locations and tracks in the WP and NA. The model shows significant skill in terms of the TC number correlation in the WP (0.60) and the NA (0.61) from 1981 to 2015; however, the model underestimates accumulated cyclone energy. When the number of ensemble members was increased from 2 to 24, the correlation coefficients clearly increased (from 0.21 to 0.60 in the WP, and from 0.18 to 0.61 in the NA). FGOALS-f2 V1.0 also successfully reproduces the genesis potential index pattern and the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation and TC activity, which is one of the dominant contributors to TC seasonal prediction skill. However, the biases in large-scale factors are barriers to the improvement of the seasonal prediction skill, e.g., larger wind shear, higher relative humidity, and weaker potential intensity of TCs. For real-time predictions in the WP, FGOALS-f2 V1.0 demonstrates a skillful prediction for track density in terms of landfalling TCs, and the model successfully forecasts the correct sign of seasonal anomalies of landfalling TCs for various regions in China.
Pediatric Tracheostomy‐Related Complications: A Cross‐sectional Analysis
Authors: Newton Micah , Johnson Romaine F. , Wynings Erin , Jaffal Hussein , Chorney Stephen R. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the rate of tracheostomy‐related complications in pediatric patients from nationally representative databases.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.Setting2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database and 2016 Nationwide Readmission Database.MethodsAll pediatric tracheostomy procedures were included. Complication type, admission outcomes, and readmission rates were recorded with a logistic regression analysis to determine patient characteristics associated with complications.ResultsAn estimated 5309 tracheostomies were performed among pediatric patients in 2016, 8% (n = 432) of whom developed tracheostomy‐related complications. This group was younger (4.7 vs 8.7 years, P <. 001) and required longer hospital admissions (68.7 vs 33.2 days, P <. 001) than children without tracheostomy‐related complications. Mean costs ($459,324 vs $397,937, P <. 001) and mean total charges ($1,573,964 vs $1,099,347, P <. 001) were increased if a tracheostomy‐related complication occurred. These events occurred more often in those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (24% vs 12%, P <. 001), heart disease (24% vs 12%, P =. 001), gastroesophageal reflux disease (31% vs 19%, P <. 001), short gestational age (24% vs 14%, P <. 001), and subglottic stenosis (9.9% vs 5.4%, P =. 001). The estimated 30‐day readmission rate was 24% (SE, 1.7%) but did not increase after tracheostomy complications (27% vs 15%, P =. 04). Tracheostomy‐related complications were predicted by gastroesophageal reflux disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.97; P =. 004), younger age (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.22; P =. 002), and lengthier hospitalization (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.01; P <. 001) on multiple logistic regression analysis.ConclusionTracheostomy‐related complications occur in approximately 8% of pediatric patients and are higher in younger children or those with longer admission lengths. These data have implications for benchmarking standards of posttracheostomy complications across institutions.