bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium alginate/chitosan/glyphosate superabsorbent bio‐foam as a release system for herbicide
Authors: Melo da Costa Marcia Parente , Rabelo Kíssila , Ferreira Ivana Lourenço de Mello , Cruz Maurício Tavares de Macedo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work presents a prepare method of a bio‐foam constituted by sodium alginate, chitosan (CH), and glyphosate to form a material to be applied in controlled release of herbicide. It was investigated the influence of mixture pH on the bio‐foam physicochemical properties. Kinetic studies of glyphosate adsorption and release were performed. The interactions between the polysaccharides and the herbicide were also investigated. The bio‐foams were evaluated for their mechanical and morphological properties. All samples presented swelling degree above 1000%. The bio‐foam prepared at pH 6 presented a higher compression resistance and provided the higher herbicide adsorption. The bio‐foam was able to control the release of glyphosate. The release kinetics reached equilibrium state after 30 days, during which cumulative release was approximately 90%. Confocal microscopy images showed the preferential interaction of glyphosate with the CH molecules in bio‐foam. This work presents a new perspective for polysaccharide systems, enabling new high‐performance agricultural applications.
Effect of ionic liquids on thermomechanical properties of polyetheretherketone‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Mansor Nurlidia , Mahmood Hamayoun , Iqbal Tanveer , Moniruzzaman Muhammad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) nanocomposites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a nanofiller have emerged as a potential alternative in biomedical applications. However, the effective dispersion of MWCNTs in PEEK matrices is still challenging due to the low compatibility of the MWCNTs with the polymer phase. This article investigates the effect of two ionic liquids (ILs) at different concentrations on thermomechanical properties of PEEK/MWCNTs composites. MWCNTs are modified with various concentrations (0.5–2 wt%) of IL[EMIM]Ac (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate) and IL[BMIM]HSO4(1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate), and nanocomposite sheets were prepared by melt‐mixing and thermal pressing methods. Optical and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy micrographs studies confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of IL‐modified MWCNTs in PEEK. Results of nanoindentation and mechanical properties showed the superior mechanical strength of nanocomposites prepared by 1 wt% IL compared to samples prepared without IL. PEEK/MWCNTs nanocomposites containing 1 wt% IL provided 37% higher elastic modulus than that of non‐IL nanocomposites. ILs based PEEK/MWCNTs nanocomposites exhibited maximum degradation temperature. Thermal degradation kinetics of nanocomposites as modelled by the Coats‐Redfern approach indicated the higher activation energy of PEEK/MWCNTs/IL composites. The reported approach for PEEK/MWCNTs nanocomposites fabrication could be potential for promising biomedical applications.
Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Roles of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Osteoarthritis Knee Pain
Authors: Gowler Peter R. W. , Turnbull James , Shahtaheri Mohsen , Gohir Sameer , Kelly Tony , McReynolds Cindy , Yang Jun , Jha Rakesh R. , Fernandes Gwen S. , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael , Walsh David A. , Hammock Bruce D. , Valdes Ana M. , Barrett David A. , Chapman Victoria 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveChronic pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) is a major clinical problem, and existing analgesics often have limited beneficial effects and/or adverse effects, necessitating the development of novel therapies. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous antiinflammatory mediators, rapidly metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (EH) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). We undertook this study to assess whether soluble EH–driven metabolism of EETs to DHETs plays a critical role in chronic joint pain associated with OA and provides a new target for treatment.MethodsPotential associations of chronic knee pain with single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene‐encoding soluble EH and with circulating levels of EETs and DHETs were investigated in human subjects. A surgically induced murine model of OA was used to determine the effects of both acute and chronic selective inhibition of soluble EH by N‐[1‐(1‐oxopropy)‐4‐piperidinyl]‐N′‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]‐urea (TPPU) on weight‐bearing asymmetry, hind paw withdrawal thresholds, joint histology, and circulating concentrations of EETs and DHETs.ResultsIn human subjects with chronic knee pain, 3 pain measures were associated with SNPs of the soluble EH gene EPHX2, and in 2 separate cohorts of subjects, circulating levels of EETs and DHETs were also associated with 3 pain measures. In the murine OA model, systemic administration of TPPU both acutely and chronically reversed established pain behaviors and decreased circulating levels of 8,9‐DHET and 14,15‐DHET. EET levels were unchanged by TPPU administration.ConclusionOur novel findings support a role of soluble EH in OA pain and suggest that inhibition of soluble EH and protection of endogenous EETs from catabolism represents a potential new therapeutic target for OA pain.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in a large, diverse metropolitan area: Variation by sociodemographic factors
Authors: Shenouda Josephine , Barrett Emily , Davidow Amy L. , Halperin William , Silenzio Vincent M. B. , Zahorodny Walter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence estimates have varied by region. In this study, ASD prevalence, based on active case finding from multiple sources, was determined at the county and school district levels in the New Jersey metropolitan area. Among children born in 2008, residing in a four‐county area and enrolled in public school in 2016, ASD prevalence was estimated to be 36 per 1000, but was significantly higher in one region—54 per 1000 and greater than 70 per 1000, in multiple school districts. Significant variation in ASD prevalence by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and school district size was identified. Highest prevalence was in mid‐SES communities, contrary to expectation. Prevalence among Hispanic children was lower than expected, indicating a disparity in identification. Comprehensive surveillance should provide estimates at the county and town levels to appreciate ASD trends, identify disparities in detection or treatment, and explore factors influencing change in prevalence.Lay SummaryWe found autism prevalence to be 3.6% in New Jersey overall, but higher in one region (5.4%) and in multiple areas approaching 7.0%. We identified significant variation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES) and school district size. Mapping prevalence in smaller, well‐specified, regions may be useful to better understand the true scope of ASD, disparities in ASD detection and the factors impacting ASD prevalence estimation.
Man does not live by intrinsically unstructured proteins alone: The role of structured regions in aggregation
Authors: Aprile Francesco A. , Temussi Piero Andrea , Pastore Annalisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProtein misfolding is a topic that is of primary interest both in biology and medicine because of its impact on fundamental processes and disease. In this review, we revisit the concept of protein misfolding and discuss how the field has evolved from the study of globular folded proteins to focusing mainly on intrinsically unstructured and often disordered regions. We argue that this shift of paradigm reflects the more recent realisation that misfolding may not only be an adverse event, as originally considered, but also may fulfil a basic biological need to compartmentalise the cell with transient reversible granules. We nevertheless provide examples in which structure is an important component of a much more complex aggregation behaviour that involves both structured and unstructured regions of a protein. We thus suggest that a more comprehensive evaluation of the mechanisms that lead to aggregation might be necessary.
A multi‐centric study on validation of the Fear Scale for COVID‐19 in five Arabic speaking countries
Authors: Deek Hiba , El Nayal Mayssah , Alabdulwahhab Khalid , Ahmad Mohammad , Shaik Riyaz , Alzahrani Meshari , Elmahdi Iman , Youssef Naglaa , Alboraie Mohamed , Fong Daniel YT , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Chan Bobo Kai Yin , Omar Nagla 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe Eight‐item Fear Scale is a unidimensional scale evaluating the perceived feelings of fear associated with the thought of the coronavirus.AimThe Arabic version of this scale did not exist; hence, this study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Fear Scale in participants aged 18 years and above in five Arabic countries: Egypt, Lebanon, Libya, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan by using a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodThe English version of the COVID‐19 Fear Scale was translated into Arabic following the guidelines and disseminated through social media. Factorial and convergent validity and internal reliability were evaluated. Results: The total number of participants was 2783; the majority was young (41.9%) and female (60.5%). Fear scores were moderate in four countries and severe in Egypt. The scale showed good structural validity, with the items explaining up to 70% of the variance. The scale items correlated significantly with the total scores, and the Cronbach alpha was above 0.9.ConclusionThe study concluded that the Arabic Fear Scale is a psychometrically robust scale that can be used to evaluate the perceived feelings of fear with the thought of the coronavirus or pandemic in general.
Trigeminal neuropathy: Two case reports of gasserian ganglion stimulation
Authors: Logghe Yannick , Smet Iris , Jerjir Ali , Verelst Peter , Devos Marieke , Van Buyten Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis report describes the successful treatment of two patients with trigeminal neuropathy by using gasserian ganglion stimulation.Case reports: The first case report deals with a 53‐year‐old woman suffering from right‐sided facial pain after a gamma knife lesion for schwannoma of the right inner ear. For 9 years, several interventions with the aim of relieving the pain were unsuccessful; in fact, they had aggravated the symptoms. A trial with a neurostimulator at the level of the Gasser ganglion had an immediately positive effect on her score for facial pain, which decreased from 7.3 to 0 on a visual analog scale, assessed during a period of 2 months. Additionally, the patient had weaned off all her medication by the end of the period. The second case report describes a 64‐year‐old man suffering from trigeminal neuropathy, which mainly manifested itself as an itch. For a period of 15 years, neither medication nor several interventions were effective. A trial with an electrode at the level of the Gasser ganglion reduced his pain score from 7.0 to 1.5 on a visual analog scale, assessed during a period of three months. His medication could be limited to pregabalin 150 mg bidaily. In contrast, prior to the implantation, his oral medication consisted of pregabalin 75 mg up to five times a day.Conclusion: These case reports show that stimulation of the gasserian ganglion is a successful, minimally invasive, and non‐destructive treatment in refractory trigeminal neuropathy and should be considered earlier in the treatment algorithm of trigeminal neuropathy.
Shunt complications and revisions in children: A retrospective single institution study
Authors: Mansoor Nadia , Solheim Ole , Fredriksli Oddrun A. , Gulati Sasha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionShunt surgery in children is associated with high revision and complication rates. We investigated revision rates and postoperative complications to specify current challenges associated with pediatric shunt surgery.MethodsAll patients aged < 18 years admitted to St. Olavs University Hospital, Norway, from January 2008 through December 2017, who underwent primary shunt insertions, were reviewed. Follow‐up ranged from 1 to 10 years. Ventriculoperitoneal, cystoperitoneal, and ventriculoatrial shunts were included. All subsequent shunt revisions and 30‐day postoperative complication rates were registered.Results81 patients underwent 206 surgeries in the study period. 47 patients (58%) required minimum one revision during follow‐up. In 14 (29.8%), the first revision was due to the misplacement of hardware. Proximal occlusion was the most common cause of revision (30.4%), followed by misplacement (18.5%) and infection (9.6%). Young age and MMC were associated with revision surgery in a univariable analysis, but were not significant in multivariable analyses. Congenital hydrocephalus was associated with infection (p = .028). In approximately 30% of procedures, complications occurred within 30 days postoperatively, the most common being revision surgery. In approximately 5% of the procedures, medical complications occurred.ConclusionChildren are prone to high revision and complication rates, and in this study, misplacement of hardware and proximal occlusion were the most common. Complication rates should not be limited to revision rates only, as 30‐day complication rates indicate a significant rate of other complications as well. Multi‐targeted approaches, perhaps focusing on measures to reduce misplacement, may be key to reducing revision rates.
Correlational study between online friendship network and internet game disorder among university students
Authors: Son Sung‐Min , Oh Jin‐Seok , Jeon Byoung‐Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to provide basic information about the analysis of the correlation between online friendship network and internet game disorder among university students.MethodsStudy subjects were 77 university students. For analysis of online friendship among them, social network analysis was performed and the analysis of degree, closeness, and betweenness centrality was measured. Assessment of internet game disorder was done using the Korean version of Internet Gaming Disorder Scale.ResultsAs per the results, the positive correlation showed between in‐closeness centrality and internet gaming disorder (IGD) and the negative correlation showed between out‐closeness centrality and internet gaming disorder.ConclusionsOnline friendship is considered to contribute to the changes of internet game disorder level. Thus, in the relationship between online friendship and internet game disorder, closeness centrality should be considered, and causal relation analysis should be performed in further studies.
From circular business models to circular business ecosystems
Authors: Kanda Wisdom , Geissdoerfer Martin , Hjelm Olof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe circular economy aims to minimize resource inputs and waste and emission outputs of the economy and its organizational subsystems. This can benefit both financial and sustainability performance of companies. To analyze industrial implementation of the concept, the prevalent unit of analysis on the firm level is currently the circular business model. Our investigation of nine Swedish biogas companies and one branch organization indicates a range of conceptual shortcomings that challenges this approach. Our comparative case analysis points towards circular ecosystems being a more appropriate concept to describe the high level of coordination between different stakeholders necessary to implement circular systems. This increases the suitability to analyze, plan, and communicate circular economy systems on an organizational level, especially if value chain integration is low. An ecosystem perspective can thus support innovation and entrepreneurship in the context of the circular economy.
Efficacy and safety of a novel anti‐HER2 therapeutic antibody RC48 in patients with HER2‐overexpressing, locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a single‐arm phase II study
Authors: Peng Zhi , Liu Tianshu , Wei Jia , Wang Airong , He Yifu , Yang Liuzhong , Zhang Xizhi , Fan Nanfeng , Luo Suxia , Li Zhen , Gu Kangsheng , Lu Jianwei , Xu Jianming , Fan Qingxia , Xu Ruihua , Zhang Liangming , Li Enxiao , Sun Yuping , Yu Guohua , Bai Chunmei , Liu Yong , Zeng Jiangzheng , Ying Jieer , Liang Xinjun , Xu Nong , Gao Chao , Shu Yongqian , Ma Dong , Dai Guanghai , Li Shengmian , Deng Ting , Cui Yuehong , Fang Jianmin , Ba Yi , Shen Lin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent treatment options for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐overexpressing gastric cancer at third‐line have shown limited clinical benefit. Further, there is no specific treatment for HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2+ and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization‐negative patients. Here, we report the efficacy and safety of a novel anti‐HER2 antibody RC48 for patients with HER2‐overexpressing, advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer.MethodsPatients with HER2‐overexpressing (IHC 2+ or 3+), locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who were under at least second‐line therapy were eligible and received RC48 2.5 mg/kg alone every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) assessed by an independent review committee. Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response, time to progression, disease control rate, and safety.ResultsOf 179 patients screened, 125 were eligible and received RC48 treatment. The ORR was 24.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.5%‐33.3%). The median PFS and OS were 4.1 months (95% CI: 3.7‐4.9 months) and 7.9 months (95% CI: 6.7‐9.9 months), respectively. The most frequently reported adverse events were decreased white blood cell count (53.6%), asthenia (53.6%), hair loss (53.6%), decreased neutrophil count (52.0%), anemia (49.6%), and increased aspartate aminotransferase level (43.2%). Serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred in 45 (36.0%) patients, and RC48‐related SAEs were mainly decreased neutrophil count (3.2%). Seven patients had adverse events that led to death were not RC48‐related.ConclusionsRC48 showed promising activity with manageable safety, suggesting potential application in patients with HER2‐overexpressing, advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who have previously received at least two lines of chemotherapy.
Effectiveness and safety of pyrotinib‐based therapy in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer: A real‐world retrospective study
Authors: Li Chao , Bian Xiaoli , Liu Zhaoyun , Wang Xinzhao , Song Xiang , Zhao Wei , Liu Yansong , Yu Zhiyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe previous studies had demonstrated the promising effectiveness and acceptable safety of pyrotinib in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer. We aimed to investigate the real‐world data of pyrotinib in complex clinical practice and complement the findings of clinical trials. Two hundred and eighteen patients were included for effectiveness analysis. A total of 62.0% had received two or more lines of systematic therapy, and 95.4% had been exposed to prior anti‐HER2 therapy, with 95.4% receiving trastuzumab, 5.0% receiving pertuzumab, and 40.8% receiving lapatinib. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 9.3 months and the objective response rate (ORR) was 44.0%. Patients treated with pyrotinib‐based therapy as first, second, or later line had a median PFS of 15.0, 10.3, and 6.8 months, respectively. Patients treated with pyrotinib and trastuzumab received significant benefit in terms of median PFS compared with pyrotinib alone (10.7 (9.1–12.3) vs. 8.8 (8.1–9.5), p = 0.016). Patients pretreated with lapatinib had a median PFS of 6.9 months. The median PFS time was 7.0 months in patients with brain metastasis. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that lines of pyrotinib‐based therapy (1 vs. 2 vs. ≥3), prior treatment with lapatinib, and combination treatments with trastuzumab proved to be independent predictors of PFS. Two hundred and forty‐eight patients were included in the safety analysis, and the results showed that the toxicity of pyrotinib was tolerable, with the most common grade 3/4 adverse event being diarrhea (19.8%). Pyrotinib‐based therapy demonstrated promising efficacy and tolerable toxicity in first‐, second‐, and later‐line treatments and in lapatinib‐treated patients. The combination of pyrotinib and trastuzumab showed advantages in PFS, even for patients resisting trastuzumab. Pyrotinib‐based therapy could be the preferred choice for brain metastasis patients, especially when combined with brain radiotherapy.
Potential utility of longitudinal somatic mutation and methylation profiling for predicting molecular residual disease in postoperative non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Li Hang , Ma Ze‐Lin , Li Bin , Pan Yun‐jian , Xiang Jia‐Qing , Zhang Ya‐Wei , Sun Yi‐Hua , Hou Ting , Lizaso Analyn , Chen Yan , Li Xi , Hu Hong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGrowing efforts are being invested in investigating various molecular approaches to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) and predict disease recurrence. In our study, we investigated the utility of parallel longitudinal analysis of mutation and DNA methylation profiles for predicting MRD in postoperative non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tumor tissues and longitudinal blood samples were obtained from 65 patients with resected stage IA‐IIIB NSCLC. Somatic mutation and DNA methylation profiling were performed using ultra‐deep targeted sequencing and targeted bisulfite sequencing, respectively. Dynamic changes in plasma‐based mutation and tumor‐informed methylation profiles, reflected as MRD score, were observed from before surgery (baseline) to postoperative follow‐up, reflecting the decrease in tumor burden of the patients with resected NSCLC. Mutations were detected from plasma samples in 63% of the patients at baseline, which significantly reduced to 23‐25% during post‐operative follow‐ups. MRD score positive rate was 95.7% at baseline, which reduced to 74% at the first and 70% at the second follow‐up. Among the 5 relapsed patients with parallel longitudinal analysis of mutation and methylation profile, elevated MRD score was observed at follow‐up between 0.5‐7 months prior to radiologic recurrence for all 5 patients. Of them, 4 patients also had concomitant increase in allelic fraction of mutations in at least 1 follow‐up time point, but one patient had no mutation detected throughout all follow‐ups. Our results demonstrate that longitudinal profiling of mutation and DNA methylation may have potential for detecting MRD and predicting recurrence in postoperative NSCLC patients.