bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The learning curve in robotic colorectal surgery compared with laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Flynn Julie , Larach José Tomás , Kong Joseph C. H. , Waters Peadar S. , Warrier Satish K. , Heriot Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe learning curve has implications for efficient surgical training. Robotic surgery is perceived to have a shorter learning curve than laparoscopy; however, detailed analysis is lacking. The aim of this work was to analyse studies comparing robotic and laparoscopic colorectal learning curves. Simulation studies comparing novices’ learning curves were analysed in order to surmise applicability to colorectal surgery.MethodA systematic search of Medline, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library identified colorectal papers (from 1 January 2000 to 3 March 2021) comparing robotic and laparoscopic learning curves where surgeons lacked laparoscopic colorectal experience. Simulation studies comparing learning curves were also included. The learning curve was defined as the period of ongoing improvement in speed and/or accuracy.ResultsFrom 576 abstracts reviewed, three operative and 16 simulation studies were included. The robotic learning curve for right colectomy was significantly faster in one study (16 vs. 25 cases) and equal for anterior resection in two studies (44 vs. 41 cases and 55 vs. 55). One study showed fewer complications for robotic patients (14.6% vs. 0%, p = 0.013). Ten simulation studies reported faster times and eight recorded error rates favouring robotic surgery. Seven studies measured the learning curve. Four favoured laparoscopic surgery, but operating times were faster using the robotic platform.ConclusionOperating times for robotic surgery may be faster than laparoscopy when surgeons are inexperienced with both platforms. This may be related to a superior baseline performance rather than a shorter learning curve. Whether a shorter learning curve on the laparoscopic platform will persist for long enough to enable skills to overtake robotic ability needs further investigation.
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided hepaticogastrostomy using a novel laser‐cut type partially covered self‐expandable metal stent (with video)
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Kitano Masayuki , Okuda Atsushi , Itonaga Masahiro , Ueno Saori , Yamashita Yasunobu , Nishioka Nobu , Ashida Reiko , Miyano Akira , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: July 2021

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (HGS) is of clinical benefit in patients with failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, some endoscopists are concerned about the potential risk of adverse events. Bile peritonitis due to bile leakage through the fistula is one of the possible adverse events following EUS‐HGS. Recently, a novel laser‐cut type partially covered self‐expandable metal stent (PCSEMS), which is a dedicated stent for EUS‐HGS, has become available. This stent has an uncovered part, despite it being a laser‐cut type stent, along with a flared end. In addition, it uses a 7‐Fr stent delivery. Therefore, tract dilation might not be needed to deploy the stent, which might reduce the incidence of stent migration. In this study, the safety of EUS‐HGS using this novel laser‐cut type PCSEMS was evaluated by assessing technical success, which was defined as successful stent deployment, and clinical success, which was defined as reduction in serum total bilirubin levels by 50% and resolution of symptoms related to biliary tract obstruction within 2 weeks. Five patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction underwent EUS‐HGS using the novel stent. Stent deployment was successfully performed without tract dilation in four patients, although tract dilation using a balloon catheter was needed in one patient. Clinical success was obtained in all patients, and adverse events including abdominal pain and bile peritonitis were not observed in any of the patients. EUS‐HGS without tract dilation can be safely performed using a novel laser‐cut type PCSEMS. A prospective comparative study evaluating this stent versus conventional stents is needed to corroborate our results.
Low C‐peptide together with a high glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody level predicts progression to insulin dependence in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: The HUNT study
Authors: Sørgjerd Elin P. , Åsvold Bjørn O. , Grill Valdemar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo search for risk factors that could predict progression in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and compare them with those for type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis study included 175 participants with LADA (autoantibody positive, without insulin treatment ≥1 year after diagnosis) and 2331 participants with type 2 diabetes (autoantibody negative, without insulin treatment ≥1 year after diagnosis) from the HUNT2 and HUNT3 surveys. We used Cox regression models and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to identify predictive factors for progression to insulin dependency within 10 years.ResultsLow C‐peptide levels (<0.3 nmol/L) predicted progression to insulin dependency within 10 years in both LADA (hazard ratio [HR] 6.40 [95% CI, 2.02‐20.3]) and type 2 diabetes (HR 5.01 [95% CI, 3.53‐7.10]). In addition, a high glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) level (HR 5.37 [95% CI, 1.17‐24.6]) predicted progression in LADA. Together, these two factors had a discriminatory power between non‐progressors and progressors of area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80‐0.93). In type 2 diabetes, younger age at diagnosis (<50 years: HR 2.83 [95% CI, 1.56‐5.15]; 50‐69 years: HR 2.11 [95% CI, 1.19‐3.74]), high HbA1c levels (≥53 mmol/mol, HR 2.44 [95% CI, 1.72‐3.46]), central obesity (HR 1.65 [95% CI, 1.06‐2.55]) and a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2 (HR 1.73 [95% CI, 1.23‐2.41]) were independent predictors. Together with C‐peptide they reached an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76‐0.82).ConclusionFactors predicting progression to insulin dependence are partly similar and partly dissimilar between LADA and type 2 diabetes. A constellation of low C‐peptide and high GADA levels identifies LADA patients who are probable to progress to insulin dependence.
First report of the bay sucker Trioza alacris Flor (Triozidae: Hemiptera) in Tunisia
Authors: Ben Halima Kamel Monia , Zouari Sana , Adouani Rihem , Mdellel Lassaad , Ouvrard David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn June 2016, abnormal growth and rolling of young leaves of bay laurel, Laurus nobilis, were observed in private gardens and in ornamental nurseries near Sousse (Tunisia). Symptomatic plants were examined, and insects present on leaves were collected and identified as the bay sucker Trioza alacris Flor (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Information on the nature of the damage caused and a review of pest distribution are provided. The predatory bug Anthocoris nemoralis was also observed feeding on T. alacris colonies.
Association of polypharmacy with falls among older Chinese inpatients: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Ming , Jiao Jing , Guo Na , Bo Hai‐Xin , Xu Tao , Wu Xin‐Juan 
Published: July 2021

AimPolypharmacy is prevalent among older adults and has been mainly reported to be associated with falls among community‐dwelling or nursing home residents. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between polypharmacy and falls among older Chinese hospitalized patients.MethodsA nationwide prospective cohort study included 9062 participants in six hospitals from China aged ≥65 years, with a 1‐year follow‐up period. Baseline polypharmacy and other health‐related variables were collected when older inpatients were recruited on hospital admission. Polypharmacy was defined as patients who have taken five medications or more. Well‐trained nurses assessed falls by telephone at follow up. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the association between polypharmacy and the risk of falls based on cross‐sectional analyses and longitudinal analyses.ResultsOf 9062 participants, the mean age was 72.42 years (SD= 5.69), and 5228 (57.69%) were men. After fully adjusted for age, sex, education, depression, cognitive impairment, low handgrip strength, frailty, various hospitals, and nutritional status, the cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses showed that inpatients with polypharmacy had an increased risk of falls (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.17–1.56 for the cross‐sectional association; OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.01–2.03 for the longitudinal association, respectively), compared with those without polypharmacy. In addition, subgroup analyses of the association between polypharmacy and 1‐year falls, or history of falls was unchanged.ConclusionsPolypharmacy was prevalent among older Chinese hospitalized patients and was an independent risk factor of 1‐year falls, suggesting that clinicians should make a comprehensive assessment of medications, and deprescribing strategies should be implemented to reduce unnecessary medications for decreasing the rate of falls. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 810–817.
Common response of dominant plants in typical grassland of Inner Mongolia to long‐term overgrazing revealed by transcriptome analysis
Authors: Wan Dongli , Wan Yongqing , Ren Weibo , Yu Linqing , Ding Yong , Li Guojing , Li Fang , Hou Xiangyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLeymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn. are dominant species in grassland on the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. Long‐term overgrazing, which is considered to represent multiple stresses, reduces the growth of L. chinensis and S. grandis. To gain an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of these plants to overgrazing, we explored the gene expression profiles of L. chinensis and S. grandis to discover the common features of these dominant plants in response to overgrazing. Using the Illumina RNA‐Seq platform, two sequencing libraries prepared from non‐grazed (Lc‐NG) and overgrazed samples (Lc‐OG) of L. chinensis were sequenced. Using Trinity software assembly, 129,087 unigenes with a mean length of 693 bp and an N50 of 1,093 bp were obtained by combining the Lc‐NG and Lc‐OG data. By comparing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of L. chinensis with those of S. grandis, we identified 16 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and 15 Gene Ontology terms that were significantly enriched with DEGs in both species. Most of these DEG‐enriched pathways, for example, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis, were related to stress responses. The results suggest that stress plays an important role in plants’ responsiveness to long‐term overgrazing and associated reductions in plant growth. The DEGs shared by these two species will be valuable for further research on key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in plants’ adaptation to overgrazing and associated stresses.
Critical feminist analysis of STEM mentoring programs: A meta‐synthesis of the existing literature
Authors: Beck Makini , Cadwell Jillian , Kern Anne , Wu Ke , Dickerson Maniphone , Howard Melinda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe conducted a meta‐synthesis review of existing literature on science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) mentoring programs for women. Critical feminist theory (CFT) was used to understand how mentoring programs support retention and occupational advancement of women in traditionally male‐dominated STEM fields. Four primary strands of CFT were explored: gender, oppression/patriarchy, social institutions, and systemic change. Traditional models of mentoring encompass varied approaches, including institutionally enforced programs, formal and informal programs, paired peer grouping, as well as face‐to‐face and online forums. However, low levels of retention and self‐stated lack of professional satisfaction for women in STEM fields continue to plague those professions. This study reviews the literature on mentoring programs that have been implemented to support women in STEM, thus adding to the epistemology of mentoring women in STEM through feminist discourse.
Risk factors for intradialytic decline in cerebral perfusion and impaired cerebral autoregulation in adults on hemodialysis
Authors: Wolfgram Dawn F. , Novotny Julia , Goodman Max J. , Visotcky Alexis , Laud Purushottam , Barnes Jill N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionHemodialysis (HD) patients have significant burden of cerebral ischemic pathology noted on brain imaging. These ischemic type lesions maybe due to cerebral hypoperfusion that may be occurring during blood pressure (BP) fluctuations commonly noted during HD sessions. We evaluated changes in cerebral perfusion and measured an index of cerebral autoregulation (CA index) during HD to identify potential risk factors for intradialytic decline in cerebral perfusion and impaired cerebral autoregulation.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we included HD patients age 50 years or older receiving conventional in‐center HD. We measured cerebral perfusion during HD, using cerebral oximetry, and calculated the correlation between cerebral perfusion and BP during HD as an index of CA. We measured the association between potential risk factors for intradialytic decline in cerebral perfusion and CA index.FindingsWe included 32 participants and 118 HD sessions in our analysis. The mean ± SD decline in cerebral oxygen saturation during HD was 6.5% ± 2.9% with a relative decline from baseline values of 9.2% ± 4.4%. Greater drop in systolic BP (SBP) during HD was associated with decline in cerebral oxygen saturation, p = 0.02. Impaired CA index was noted in 37.3% of HD sessions. Having diabetes and >20 mmHg drop in SBP during HD were associated with increased (worse) CA index with an increase of 0.24 95%CI [0.06, 0.41] for diabetes and increase of 0.43 95%CI [0.27, 0.56] for a >20 mmHg drop in SBP during HD.DiscussionCerebral perfusion can decline during HD and is associated with changes in systemic BP. This may be due to impaired cerebral autoregulation in HD patients. Risk factors for worse CA index include diabetes and >20 mmHg drop in SBP during HD. This study highlights the risk of intradialytic decline in cerebral perfusion and impaired cerebral autoregulation in HD patients.
Efficacy of erythritol powder air‐polishing in active and supportive periodontal therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdulbaqi Hayder R. , Shaikh Muhammad Saad , Abdulkareem Ali A. , Zafar Muhammad S. , Gul Sarhang S. , Sha Aram M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to analyse available evidence to answer two focused questions about the efficacy of erythritol powder air‐polishing (EPAP) (i) as an adjunctive during active periodontal therapy (APT) and (ii) as an alternative to hand/ultrasonic instrumentation during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Additionally, microbiological outcomes and patient's comfort/perceptions were assessed as secondary outcomes.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane and Medline were searched for relevant articles published before February 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted by three independent reviewers, and the agreement was measured by Cohen's kappa score. Out of 1043 articles, eight randomized clinical trials were selected for systematic review and quantitative synthesis. Only periodontal parameters, such as clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BoP), showed homogeneity and, thus, were selected for meta‐analysis.ResultsThe improvement in PPD and BoP scores after using EPAP was comparable with hand/ultrasonic instrumentation during both APT and SPT. Significant CAL gain was achieved with EPAP during APT (0.16 mm, p < 0.02) compared with hand/ultrasonic instrumentation at the end point, whereas non‐significant CAL gain was achieved during SPT. No differences were observed regarding microbiological outcomes between the two treatment modalities. However, EPAP inflicted less pain and was better perceived by the patients.ConclusionErythritol powder air‐polishing can substitute hand/ultrasonic instrumentation for SPT, and CAL gain is significantly improved when EPAP is used as an adjunct during APT. For microbiological outcomes, no significant differences were observed between the two approaches; however, EPAP was better tolerated by the patients than hand/ultrasonic instrumentation.Clinical relevanceErythritol powder air‐polishing can be used as an adjunct during APT and as an alternative to conventional mechanical debridement during SPT.
Feasibility, safety and outcomes of ambulation within 2 h postoperatively in patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Liu Tingting , Feng Jing , Ge Ling , Jin Fengxia , Zhou Chao , Liu Xiaoxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to evaluate the safety, feasibility and outcomes of ambulation within 2 h after thoracoscopic surgery in patients with lung cancer.BackgroundThere are no consensus guidelines on the ideal time for early ambulation following thoracic surgery, although enhanced recovery programmes have been proposed since years.MethodsThis non‐randomized, concurrent‐control study was conducted on patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery between October 2020 and February 2021. Participants were assigned to either the observation group (ambulation within 2 h of extubation) or the control group (ambulation on the first postoperative day).ResultsOf the 325 patients who were eligible, 227 were included in the study. Eighty‐three per cent of patients were able to walk any distance within 2 h of extubation, and no adverse events occurred in patients. The length of hospital stay and time to first postoperative flatus were significantly shorter in the observation group than in the control group. There were no differences in the occurrence of postoperative complications and orthostatic hypotension, readmission rate and 6‐min walk distance at discharge.ConclusionAmbulation within 2 h of extubation was safe and feasible and could lead to better recovery in patients with lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.
Fair play? Sex‐, age‐, and job‐related correlates of performance in a computer‐based simulation game
Authors: Melchers Klaus G. , Basch Johannes M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGamified and game‐based assessments (GBAs) are increasingly used for personnel selection but there are concerns that males and younger applicants have an advantage in these assessments. However, hardly any research has addressed whether sex and age are related to GBA performance. Similarly, the criterion‐related validity of GBAs is also not sufficiently confirmed. Therefore, we analyzed archival data from a high‐stakes setting in which applicants completed a computer‐based simulation game targeting complex problem solving. The analyses confirmed expectations for the present simulation game of better performance for males than for females and for younger than for older applicants. However, the effect sizes were small. Furthermore, performance in the current simulation game correlated with job‐related performance as measured in an assessment center.
Excellent ferroelectric and pyroelectric performance of rhombohedral Mn‐doped PIMNT thin films with (111) orientation
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Tang Yanxue , Wang Feifei , Ming Leung Chung , Zhao Xiangyong , Qin Xiaomei , Wang Tao , Duan Zhihua , Wu Yanhui , Wang Jiasheng , Shi Wangzhou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMn‐doped 0.36Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.36Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.28PbTiO3 [Mn‐PIMNT(36/36/28)] thin films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition. The microstructures and ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectric, pyroelectric properties were investigated. The films exhibited a (111) orientation as well as a uniform and dense surface. The Raman spectra revealed that the films showed a rhombohedral phase at room temperature, rhombohedral to tetragonal, and tetragonal to paraelectric phase transitions near 150℃ and 250℃, respectively. Furthermore, the films exhibited a high remnant polarization (Pr) of 51.3 μC cm−2, a coercive field (EC) of 3.14 kV mm−1, a high normalized piezoelectric strain coefficient () up to 47 pm V−1, a pyroelectric coefficient (p) up to 8.5 × 10−4 C m−2 K−1, and dielectric constant (εr) of 2824, as well as excellent dielectric tunability of 89% at room temperature. The excellent ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties combined with high Curie point indicate that the Mn‐PIMNT(36/36/28) films are a potential candidate for ferroelectric and pyroelectric devices.
Peripheral thermometry: Agreement between non‐touch infrared versus traditional modes in an adult population
Authors: Sweeting Penelope , Murphy Minakshi , Geraghty Sadie , Duddle Maree 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo test whether infrared non‐touch forehead thermometry (FNTT) obtains comparable temperature readings in adults compared with common, non‐invasive thermometry methods such as axillary (DAT), oral (DOT) and infrared tympanic (ITT).DesignA prospective, repeated‐measures comparative diagnostic test study design was used for this study.MethodsData were collected from a convenience sample of 169 nursing students over 3 months (March 2019 to May 2019). Participants had their temperature measured once with each of the four thermometers. Agreement between thermometers was assessed using repeated‐measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc testing.Results/findingsOne hundred and sixty‐one participants were included in the final analysis. A repeated‐measures ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the four thermometer temperature readings. Post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment revealed infrared non‐touch forehead thermometry demonstrated statistically significant higher mean temperatures compared with digital oral thermometry MD = 0.466℃ (95% CI, 0.357–0.576, p < .001) and digital axillary thermometry MD = 0.897℃ (95% CI, 0.752–1.043, p < .001), but not with infrared tympanic MD = 0.069℃ (95% CI, −0.025–0.162, p = .307).ConclusionsThis study found that infrared non‐touch forehead thermometry consistently produced higher temperature readings in adults compared with other common forms of peripheral thermometry. Caution should be taken when using forehead non‐touch thermometer readings interchangeably with digital oral and digital axillary readings unless corrections for bias are made. More research is needed into whether infrared non‐touch forehead thermometry and infrared tympanic could be used interchangeably.Impact statementThis study aimed to address whether non‐touch forehead could be used interchangeably with other common forms of non‐invasive thermometry. Our result revealed inconsistencies in temperature readings between the different thermometers. Consequently, healthcare professionals should exercise caution when monitoring temperature trends where readings have been taken by different types of peripheral thermometers. This study could impact healthcare clinicians responsible for the monitoring and recording of peripheral temperatures.
The emerging roles of long non‐coding RNAs in polyglutamine diseases
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Cong Shuyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are characterized by trinucleotide repeat amplifications within genes, thus resulting in the formation of polyQ peptides, selective neuronal degeneration and possibly death due to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which exceed 200 nucleotides in length, have been shown to play important roles in several pathological processes of NDDs, including polyQ diseases. Some lncRNAs have been consistently identified to be specific to polyQ diseases, and circulating lncRNAs are among the most promising novel candidates in the search for non‐invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of polyQ diseases. In this review, we describe the emerging roles of lncRNAs in polyQ diseases and provide an overview of the general biology of lncRNAs, their implications in pathophysiology and their potential roles as future biomarkers and applications for therapy.