bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing and Machine Learning Approaches for Extracting Entities Indicating Potential Foodborne Outbreaks From Social Media
Authors: Tao Dandan , Zhang Dongyu , Hu Ruofan , Rundensteiner Elke , Feng Hao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Foodborne outbreaks are a serious but preventable threat to public health that often lead to illness, loss of life, significant economic loss, and the erosion of consumer confidence. Understanding how consumers respond when interacting with foods, as well as extracting information from posts on social media may provide new means of reducing the risks and curtailing the outbreaks. In recent years, Twitter has been employed as a new tool for identifying unreported foodborne illnesses. However, there is a huge gap between the identification of sporadic illnesses and the early detection of a potential outbreak. In this work, the dual-task BERTweet model was developed to identify unreported foodborne illnesses and extract foodborne-illness-related entities from Twitter. Unlike previous methods, our model leveraged the mutually beneficial relationships between the two tasks. The results showed that the F1-score of relevance prediction was 0.87, and the F1-score of entity extraction was 0.61. Key elements such as time, location, and food detected from sentences indicating foodborne illnesses were used to analyze potential foodborne outbreaks in massive historical tweets. A case study on tweets indicating foodborne illnesses showed that the discovered trend is consistent with the true outbreaks that occurred during the same period.
Enhanced Reduction of Polymicrobial Biofilms on the Orthodontic Brackets and Enamel Surface Remineralization Using Zeolite-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Based Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Pourhajibagher Maryam , Bahador Abbas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm and anti-metabolic activities of zeolite-zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zeo\ZnONPs)-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against pre-formed polymicrobial biofilms on the orthodontic brackets, as well as, assess the remineralization efficacy on polymicrobial biofilms induced enamel lesions. Following synthesis and characterization of Zeo\ZnONPs, cell cytotoxicity, hemolytic effect, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined. The anti-biofilm and anti-metabolic activities of aPDT using different concentrations of Zeo\ZnONPs were investigated. Microhardness tester and DIAGNOdent Pen were used to evaluate the changes of remineralization degree on the treated enamel slabs duration one and three months. No significant cytotoxicity and erythrocyte hemolysis were observed in treated cells with Ze\ZnONPs. When irradiated, suggesting that the Ze\ZnONPs were photoactivated, generating ROS and leading to reduce dose-dependently the cell viability and metabolic activity of polymicrobial biofilms. Also, the enamel surface microhardness value of exposed enamel showed a steady increase with the concentration of Zeo\ZnONPs. No statistically significant differences were shown between aPDT and sodium fluoride varnish as the control group. Overall, Zeo\ZnONPs-based aPDT with the greatest remineralization efficacy of enamel surface can be used as an anti-biofilm therapeutic method, which is involved with their potent ability to produce ROS.
Medium-term Effects of Mineral Fertilizer and Organic Amendments on Aggregate and Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil
Authors: Mi Wenhai , Zha Taotao , Gao Qiang , Zhao Haitao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soil aggregate stability is one of the important physical properties affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) production and soil sustainability. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of different medium-term fertilization regimes on soil aggregate stability and aggregate associated carbon and nitrogen in rhizosphere and bulk soil. This experiment consisted of three treatments including mineral fertilizer alone (NPK), mineral fertilizer plus rice straw (NPK + RS), and controlled-release blended fertilizer plus cattle manure (CRF + CM). The results showed that bulk soil contained higher mean weight diameter (MWD) than in rhizosphere soil at the rice jointing and maturity stages. Compared to the NPK alone, combined application of NPK with organic amendments improved the proportion of > 0.25 mm macroaggregate, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, and MWD in both rhizosphere and bulk soil. In rhizosphere, the proportion of macroaggregate was significantly positively (p < 0.01) correlated with root biomass while had no significant correlations with SOC in all sizes aggregates. By contrast, bulk soil had a significantly (p < 0.01) positive relationship between the proportion of > 2 mm class and organic C associated with smaller particle-size aggregates (0.25–2 mm and < 0.25 mm). During the rice-growing season, the highest MWD value was observed at the jointing stage except for the NPK + RS treatment in bulk soil. Overall, the results suggested that the medium-term application of mineral fertilizer with organic amendments is beneficial to improve soil aggregate stability and C and N accumulation.
Seismic Performance Assessment of High Asphalt Concrete Core Rockfill Dam Considering Shorter Duration and Longer Duration
Authors: sun benbo , Deng Mingjiang , Zhang Sherong , Wang Chao , Zhu Guojin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Current research trends in seismic frequent regions aim at developing the appropriate performance – based design approach for high asphalt concrete core rockfill dams (ACCRDs). Under intense ground motions (GMs), the seismic performance of dams depends on seismological characteristics mainly containing the frequency, amplitude, and duration. Recently, the characteristic of frequency and amplitude of GMs which can trigger severe damages to the dams has been accepted and incorporated into the seismic design codes in most countries. As one of the key characteristics of earthquakes, the duration of strong GMs also should be fully understood in order to carry out more reasonable performance – based design approach of dams. This paper explores the effect of the duration of strong GMs, investing the seismic performance of high ACCRDs by employing integrated duration concept, which can reflect the duration of all components of GMs. The high ACCRD was built in the commercial software ABAQUS considering the dam-reservoir-foundation interaction systems. Additionally, the coupling multiple stripe analysis and maximum likelihood estimate method are used to generate seismic fragility curves for the dam according to two damage indicators. Findings from this study revealed that the longer duration GMs can give rise to higher probability of exceedance (POE) of the dam than shorter duration. It is recommended that in the work of the current seismic design and seismic performance evaluate, the effects of GM duration in addition to frequency and amplitude should be considered.
Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Symptomatic Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jiang Si-si , Liu Xue-hua , Han Nan , Zhang Hai-jing , Xie Wu-xiang , Xie Zhi-juan , Lu Xin-yuan , Zhou Xuan-zi , Zhao Yu-qi , Duan Ai-deng , Zhao Shu-qin , Zhang Zhi-cheng , Huang Xue-bing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a promising treatment for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently considered a first-line treatment for GAD. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of MBCT in symptomatic GAD patients compared with CBT for a variety of outcomes of anxiety symptoms, as well as depressive symptoms, overall illness severity, quality of life and mindfulness. Methods: Adult patients with GAD (n = 138) were randomized to a MBCT or CBT group. Both groups received either MBCT or CBT in addition to treatment-as-usual (TAU). The primary outcomes were the anxiety response and remission rates, as measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Secondary outcomes included scores on the HAMA, the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Severity Subscale of the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S), and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) , as well as mindfulness measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Assessments were performed at baseline, 8 weeks after treatment, and at a 3-month follow-up. For primary analyses, response and remission rates were analyzed by the χ2 test in the two groups at each assessment time. For the secondary analyses, separate two-way mixed ANOVAs were performed to compare the mean differences in all secondary outcomes. Results: The anxiety remission rate of the two groups significantly differed (63.8% in the MBCT group vs. 44.6% in the CBT group, p = 0.040, Cohen’s d = 0.39) but not in anxiety response rate (86.2% vs. 80.4%, p = 0.402; Cohen’s d = 0.16) at 8 weeks. Overall illness severity and mindfulness were significantly different between the groups at 8 weeks. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Our data indicate that MBCT was effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in GAD patients. While MBCT appeared to have better short-term benefits, the long-term benefits of CBT may be superior.Trial registration: registered at chic.org.cn (registration number: ChiCTR1800019150, registration date: 27/10/2018).
SARS-CoV-2 in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Collection Network and Hospital Wastewater
Authors: Karami Chiman , Dargahi Abdollah , Vosoughi Mehdi , Normohammadi Ali , Jalali Farhad , Asghariazar Vahid , Mokhtari Ahamad , Sedigh Anoshirvan , Zandian Hamed , Alighadri Morteza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to creating a public health emergency conditions since 2019. COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, is spread via human-to-human transmission by direct contact or droplets. Through conducting this study, we were looking for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater produced in Iran country (Ardabil, Nir, Khalkhal and Givi) (wastewater collection network, wastewater treatment plant and hospital wastewater). In this research, samples (n = 76) were collected from influent and effluent of municipal and hospital wastewater treatment plants and some samples were also collected from Ardabil municipal wastewater manholes. The sampling duration included the white (lower risk of covid-19) and red (high risk of covid-19) conditions. Samples were stored at -20°C for further diagnostic tests. Out of 76 samples, a total of 16 samples (21.05%) collected from wastewater in Ardabil province (Ardabil, Nir, Khalkhal, and Givi), were positive in terms of SARS-CoV-2. Wastewater epidemiology can facilitate detection of the incidence of pathogens through metropolises, measurement of population prevalence without direct testing, and provision of information to public health system about the efficiency of intervening efforts.
Analysis of Time-Dependent Soil Behavior above High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Using Discrete Element Method
Authors: Li Sheng , Han Guoqiang , HO I-HSUAN , Ma Li , Muhunthan Balasingam , Wang Qicai , Wang Changdan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the Northwest Loess Plateau of China that is full of mountains and deep valleys, high-filled cut-and-cover tunnels (HFCCTs) not only satisfy transportation demands, but they create usable land as well. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the feasibility of HFCCTs, but the time-dependent behavior of the significant backfill needed for HFCCTs has not been adequately examined. Settlement can be severely underestimated due to the time-dependent behavior of ultra-high backfill, and the earth pressure becomes redistributed accordingly. Therefore, the ability to predict the long-term behavior of backfill on HFCCTs is necessary to ensure the long-term safety of the structure. Using a discrete element method (DEM), the changes in vertical earth pressure (VEP), vertical displacement, and load transfer mechanisms above an HFCCT were investigated in this study under scenarios with and without considering backfill creep. The results show that the differential displacement of the soil and the surface settlement obviously increase due to creep and the subsequent cycles of primary and secondary consolidation. Moreover, the stress surrounding the HFCCT is redistributed, causing both the stress concentration and slope effect to weaken over time, but the VEP increases significantly. The micromechanical parameters also change correspondingly. Our results clearly show that the creep of high backfill soil must be considered carefully in HFCCT projects to ensure structural safety.
Deformation Failure and Gas Seepage of Raw Coal in Alternate Loading and Unloading by Stages
Authors: Zhang Bang-an , yushun Yang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the cyclic loading and unloading confining pressure tests of raw coal samples were carried out by using the "Triaxial seepage test device of thermal fluid solid of coal and rock" developed by Chongqing University. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The axial strain change rate ε1´, the radial strain change rate ε3´ and the permeability change rate k´ under unit stress state are used to represent the sensitivity of axial stress and confining pressure to deformation and permeability characteristics of samples under unit stress state. (2) At the initial stage of unloading the confining pressure, the confining pressure has a greater influence on the permeability of the sample. At the initial stage of loading confining pressure, the confining pressure has a greater influence on the radial strain of the specimen. During the subsequent loading and unloading process, the confining pressure of loading and unloading has a greater influence on the permeability of the sample, and a smaller influence on the axial strain. The loading axial stress has a greater influence on the axial strain of the sample, and a smaller influence on the permeability of the sample. (3) When the axial stress is constant, the increase range of sample permeability increases with the increase of unloading confining pressure range, and the decreasing range of sample permeability increases with the increase of loading confining pressure range, and the increase range of sample permeability under unloading confining pressure is higher than that under increasing confining pressure. (4) In the process of loading axial stress and loading confining pressure, the permeability of samples decreases nonlinearly with the increase of principal stress difference, while the permeability of samples increases nonlinearly with the decrease of principal stress difference in the process of unloading confining pressure.
An Early Prediction Model for Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Yuan , Qiu Jiali , Zhang Xiaodan , Wei Fengjiang , Feng Jiayi , Chen Chen , Zhang Kai , Feng Shuzhi , Wang Yaogang , Li Wei-Dong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Identifying individuals predisposed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is crucial for intervention and treatment, however, risk equations were relatively rare among the middle-aged and elderly in China.Methods: Eventually, 116 CKD patients and 232 their healthy counterparts from “Tianjin Medical University Chronic Disease Cohort (N=21750)” were included in this study. One nested case-control set (N = 348; followed up for at least five years) was used to develop and internally validate the predictive model. The clinical, demographic and laboratory features were collected and subjected to logistic regression analyses. Using natural logarithm odds ratio value weighting methods, several risk factors (genetic and non-genetic) were selected to construct predictive models. The final comprehensive prediction model is the arithmetic sum of the two optimal models.Results: We found that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were effective biomarkers for CKD, the area under the curve (AUC), specificity and sensitivity for the non-genetic equation were 0.889, 0.851 and 0.770, respectively, in the genetic equation, 0.643, 0.794 and 0.838, respectively, and 0.894, 0.827, 0.801, respectively, in the comprehensive prediction model. After internal verification of Bootstrap, its AUC value was 0.820, indicating it showed a favorable predictive performance.Conclusions: A comprehensive prediction model was established, which may help early identify individuals who are most likely to develop CKD. Its feasibility in the clinic warrants further investigation.
Simultaneous Selection Index as a Tool for Identification of Stable High Yielding Maydis Leaf Blight Resistant Maize Prebreeding Lines
Authors: Joshi Anjali , Adhikari Sneha , Singh Narendra Kumar , Kumar Amarjeet , Jaiswal Jai Prakash , Pant Usha , Singh Rajesh Pratap 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Maize is a crop possessing high adaptability however, large differential genotypic responses have been reported when evaluated under multiple environments. Using randomized complete block design with two replications a total of 169 teosinte derived maize backcross inbred lines (BILs) were evaluated in three different environments namely, E2, E4 and E6 for maydis leaf blight (MLB) resistance and grain yield. Out of these, 73 BILs were identified displaying resistance to MLB in at least one of the environments and were subjected to additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis and genotype and genotype X environment (GGE) biplot analysis for identification of lines showing stable and high MLB resistance and grain yield. Highly significant effects of genotype, environment and genotype X environment interaction (GEI) were observed for both the traits studied. AMMI ANOVA for percent disease index (PDI) revealed that highest percentage of total sum of squares (SS) was attributed to GEI (40.55%) while 32.86% and 26.59% was contributed by genotype and environment, respectively. For grain yield largest contribution of 68.02% towards SS was done by genotype component followed by GEI (17.50%) and E (14.48%). GGE biplot analysis identified two mega environments for both PDI (E2, E4/E6) and grain yield (E2/E4, E6). Based on AMMI stability value (ASV), genotype MT-90 (32) was observed to be most stable for PDI. While for grain yield highest stability was displayed by genotype MT-83 (28). Simultaneous selection index (SSI) helped in identification of ten stable high yielding MLB resistant genotypes namely, MT-120 (45), MT-14 (2), MT-166 (62), MT-148 (55), MT-190 (72), MT-37 (9), MT-19 (3), MT-114 (42), MT-77 (27) and MT-94 (35) which could be used in future breeding programmes either as donor of MLB resistance and grain yield or after combining ability analysis these genotypes could be used as parents for development of superior yielding MLB resistant hybrids.
Effect of COVID 19 on Lower Urinary Track Symptoms in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Elaimeri Ahmed , Alemairy Amr A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Lower Urinary Track Symptoms (LUTS) in patients with BPH could be assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Studies find that COVID-19 can be detected in urine samples, although unreliably, this suggest the need to investigate whether the virus has effect on the urinary track especially those who are with pre-morbid conditions such as BPH. Hence the study aims to assess the effect of COVID-19 on the LUTS measured objectively by the IPSS on patients with BPH.Methods: 85 male patients over 40 years of age already diagnosed with BPH were included in the study. Any patient who recovered from a confirmed oropharyngeal swap PCR test was reassessed using I-PSS. Post-COVID19 IPSS surveys were compared to pre-COVID19 ones.Results: Out of 85 subjects, 39 (45.9%) were mild before COVID-19 compared to 19 (22.4%) after the infection. 46 subjects (54.1%) were moderate before COVID-19, whereas, 66 (77.6%) became moderate after the infection, (P < 0.001). The mean IPSS score of patients after they receive the appropriate treatment was found to be (8.1), while the mean score after COVID-19 infection was found to be (9.8). (P < 0.001) using paired sample t test.Conclusions: COVID-19 is associated with higher I-PSS score in patients with BPH, and more objective assessments are needed for further investigation.
Msx1 Haploinsufficiency Modifies the Pax9-Deficient Cardiovascular Phenotype
Authors: Khasawneh Ramada R. , Kist Ralf , Schneider Jürgen E , Mohun Timothy J , Peters Heiko , Phillips Helen M , Bamforth Simon D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Successful embryogenesis relies on the coordinated interaction between genes and tissues. The transcription factors Pax9 and Msx1 genetically interact during mouse craniofacial morphogenesis, and mice deficient for either gene display abnormal tooth and palate development. Pax9 is expressed specifically in the pharyngeal endoderm at mid-embryogenesis, and mice deficient for Pax9 on a C57Bl/6 genetic background also have cardiovascular defects affecting the outflow tract and aortic arch arteries giving double-outlet right ventricle, absent common carotid arteries and interruption of the aortic arch.
Results

In this study we have investigated both the effect of a different genetic background and Msx1 haploinsufficiency on the presentation of the Pax9-deficient cardiovascular phenotype. Compared to mice on a C57Bl/6 background, congenic CD1-Pax9−/− mice displayed a significantly reduced incidence of outflow tract defects but aortic arch defects were unchanged. Pax9−/− mice with Msx1 haploinsufficiency, however, have a reduced incidence of interrupted aortic arch, but more cases with cervical origins of the right subclavian artery and aortic arch, than seen in Pax9−/− mice. This alteration in arch artery defects was accompanied by a rescue in third pharyngeal arch neural crest cell migration and smooth muscle cell coverage of the third pharyngeal arch arteries. Although this change in phenotype could theoretically be compatible with post-natal survival, using tissue-specific inactivation of Pax9 to maintain correct palate development whilst inducing the cardiovascular defects was unable to prevent postnatal death in the mutant mice. Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage formation were abnormal in Pax9−/− mice.
Conclusions

Msx1 haploinsufficiency mitigates the arch artery defects in Pax9−/− mice, potentially by maintaining the survival of the 3rd arch artery through unimpaired migration of neural crest cells to the third pharyngeal arches. With the neural crest cell derived hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage also being defective in Pax9−/− mice, we speculate that the pharyngeal endoderm is a key signalling centre that impacts on neural crest cell behaviour highlighting the ability of cells in different tissues to act synergistically or antagonistically during embryo development.
A Semi-Analytical Solution for Temperature Distribution in Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Darvazi Armin Rahmati 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a semi-analytical thermal model of friction stir welding processes is developed in which the heat-generating regions are divided into many elements as point heat sources. The heat generation in each element involves the friction and plastic deformation, and the temperature rise caused by each element is calculated by solving the heat conduction equation of a moving heat source in a solid body. The heat loss through the top and bottom surfaces are considered in the model as heat sinks. The asymmetric distribution of the temperature is calculated through the whole process and over the whole volume of the workpiece by integrating the effects of all heat sources and sinks. The temperature-dependent material properties are updated by a numerical routine. The comparison between the calculated results and the experimental data clearly approved the validity of the proposed method for some aluminum and steel alloys.