bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of beef cattle type characters in Bali young bull from smallholder farms through individual control for the purpose of artificial insemination
Authors: Sonjaya H , Hasbi H , Gustina S , Farida S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Some of the male Bali cattle kept at the Artificial Insemination Center are the result of selection from the weaning process to become bulls. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the extent bulls selected from smallholder farms have the same quality spermatozoa as the males raised by the Institute for Artificial Insemination. The research method began in 2016-2018, which selected the performance of 50 heads, followed by a selection of biological characters, ejaculation, and livestock health in young bulls. Selected bulls were trained to collect their sperm and the quality of their sperm was examined macroscopically and microscopically. The results showed that 15 young bulls were selected by performance selection and four bulls were selected for selection based on the quality of frozen semen. Three bulls passed the selection to meet the frozen semen requirements of the Indonesian National Standard. The conclusion of this study is that the provision of males to the Institute for Center of Artificial Insemination can be done by selecting the best bull belonging to the farm community.
The effect of supplementation of liquid fertilizer from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) on Taiwan napier grass
Authors: Harbi H , Islamiyati R , Hasan S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the quality of liquid fertilizer from water hyacinth and Siam weed and to identify its effect on Taiwan napier grass quality and growth. This study was performed from November 2019 to January 2020. This study was designed according to a completely randomized design employing 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments encompassed: T0=Taiwan napier grass without organic liquid fertilizer supplementation (control; T1= Taiwan napier grass + 20 L/ha = 300 mL/ plot; T2= Taiwan napier grass + liquid organic fertilizer 30 L/ha = 450 mL/ plot; T3= Taiwan napier grass + liquid organic fertilizer 40 L/ha = 600 mL/plot. The observed parameters were plant height, number of the tiller, number of leaves, chlorophyll index in each treatment. The result of the analysis of variance indicated that the liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the plant height, number of the tiller, number of leaves, and chlorophyll index. From this study, it can be concluded that the combination of 50% water hyacinth and 50% Siam weed is the most optimal combination at the dosage of 450 mL/plot (T2) for Taiwan napier grass.
Growth and yield responses of forage sorghum ratoon to different inorganic fertilizers
Authors: Wakano F , Nohong B , Nompo S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine effect of the level of NPK fertilizers on the growth and yield of sweet sorghum forage. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and three replications. Each treatment was given a dose of NPK fertilizers (16:16:16) with different doses. The treatments were P1 by 100 kg N/ ha (3,125 g NPK/polybag); P2 by 150 kg N/ha (4,625 g NPK/polybag); P3 by 200 kg N/ha (6,125 g NPK/polybag); P5 = 250 kg N/ha (7,625 g NPK/polybag) and P5 = 300 kg N/ha (9,125 g NPK/polybag). Parameters observed were growth and production of sorghum. Results showed that NPK fertilizer was a significantly (P <0.05) by plant height, internode length and leaf blade length, while stem diameter, leaf width and number of leaves per plant was no significantly (P>0.05). Application of NPK fertilizer was a significant (P<0.05) by production of leaf dry matter, stem dry matter and leaf/stem ratio. It was concluded that NPK fertilizer increased the growth and production of sorghum ratoon.
Effect of Indigofera leaves as a subtitute for soybean meal in laying quail (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) ration on egg production, feed conversion ratio, and yolk color score
Authors: Has H , Ribriani R , Samsuddin  , Napirah A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndigofera leaves is one of alternative feed that can be used in quail rations. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Indigofera leaves a substitute for soybean meal in quail rations. The material used were 100 female quails aged 56 weeks, yellow corn, rice bran, laying hens concentrate, soybean meal, and Indigofera leaves. This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The treatments applied were T0 (control), T1 (rations containing 4% Indigofera leaves), T2 (rations containing 6% Indigofera leaves), and T3 (rations containing 8% indigofera leaves). The variables observed were feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and yolk color score. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued using Duncan Multiple Range Test through SPSS program. The results showed that the use of Indigofera leaves significantly affect (P <0.05) the FCR and egg yolk color score, but did not affect feed consumption, egg production and egg weight.Indigofera zollingerianaleaves meal could be used in laying quail (Cortunix cortunix Japonica) ration up to 8% as a substitute for soybean meal and did not gave a negative effect on its performance. Moreover, Indigofera leaves meal increased egg yolk color value.
Plasma metabolites of Kampung chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in peatland free-range system with differences of vegetation
Authors: Fitra D , Ulupi N , Arief I I , Mutia R , Abdullah L , Erwan E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vegetation in free range rearing systems can be obtained from grass or legumes. The aims of this study was to investigate the effect of different vegetation on free range systems in peatlands on plasma metabolites of kampung chickens, including concentration of cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), and glucose (GLU). This experimental study used two hundred and ten kampung chickens with a completely randomized design of 4 treatments with 5 replications. Each paddock was placed in a portable housing. Twelve kampung chickens aged 5-12 weeks were reared in different types of vegetation with a density of 6.67 m2/head. The treatment without vegetation was reared in the postal housing. At the end of the study, blood was collected from the jungularis vein to observe plasma metabolites. The results showed that the maintenance system and differences in vegetation types had a significant effect (P<0.05) on CHO, TG and GLU. The highest TG was in the Axonopus compressus treatment, GLU was in the Indigofera zollingeriana treatment. while the lowest CHO was in the control or without vegetation. The conclusion of this study was the paddock planted with Indigofera zollingeriana can reduce CHO levels of kampung chickens in addition to control treatment.
Lactic acid production and the inhibitory capability of lactic acid bacteria isolated from poultry feces
Authors: Mujnisa A , Natsir A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was performed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from poultry feces, identify the lactic acid production capability and its inhibitory effect against pathogenes as a promising probiotic candidate for livestock. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated and cultured on De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) media. The parameters of this study are bacterial characterization and antimicrobial activity of LAB Isolates against gram-positive and negative bacteria. LAB characterization was performed by Gram staining test, morphological test, catalase test, and fermentation type test. Microscopic observation of LAB isolated by feces showed that cocci and bacilli morphologies. The gram staining test showed Gram-positive and Gram-negative test results and the catalase test showed all LAB isolates obtained were facultative anaerobic. The results indicated that LAB M1 isolates could produce greater lactic acid with more effective inhibitory capability against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 and Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050 compared to other isolates.
The relationship between avian influenza disease vaccination and chicken mortality in Sukabumi District, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Mahendri I G A P , Saptati R A , Syarifah I , Nurhayati I S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vaccination program is an important aspect in the development of chicken industry. This paper aims to analyse the relationship between vaccination program and local chicken mortality during Poverty Alleviation Program in Sukabumi District, West Java Province. Total of 3579 households in two subdistricts namely Lengkong and Cikembar were involved in this study, who received superior local chicken KUB (improved local chicken) followed by Newcastle and Avian Influenza vaccination program. Monitoring of chicken population were done during March-November 2019, while households’ characteristics data were obtained from the Ministry of Social Affairs in 2017. Descriptive and regression analysis were used to identify households’ characteristic, coverage rate and relationship between vaccination and chicken mortality. The results showed that the number of vaccinated chickens during the program significantly increased chicken mortality by 0.381 times. Even though, the coverage rate of chicken vaccination in Cikembar was higher compared to that number in Lengkong, chicken mortality in Cikembar was much greater than the other. Probably, chickens were stress or sick during vaccination program, exacerbated by poor management practices (such as lack of water and feed) notably during dry season. In conclusion, a better understanding of chicken vaccination as well as a good management practices was required to lessen chicken mortality.
Diversity and evolution of Bradyrhizobium communities relating to Soybean cultivation: A review
Authors: Saranraj P , Sivasakthivelan P , Al-Tawaha A R M , Sudha A , Al-Tawaha A R , Sirajuddin S N , Hastang  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soybean is a nitrogen fixer. Also it is a model plant for the study of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Soybeans produce more protein and vegetable oil per acre than they do. Over 5000 years, China has been the centre of global soybean production. The Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences (CAAS) institute for crop germplasm resources has a national gene bank called the National Gene Bank (NGB) that is made up of nearly 24,000 soybean accessions, which include both wild and domesticated varieties. It started in the 18th century, but more intense cultivation started in the latter half of the 20th century. This has led to North America becoming the world’s leading soybean producer. This present review is focused on the diversity and evolution of Bradyrhizobium communities relating to Soybean cultivation.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on broiler farms in Moncongloe District, Maros Regency South Sulawesi
Authors: Sain F A , Asnawi A , Nurlaelah S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on all sectors of the economy including broiler farming. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on broiler chicken farming in Moncongloe District, Maros Regency. This research was conducted in August - September 2020. The data collection method used literature review, observation and interviews. The broiler chicken farm industry and business owners are feeling the positive and negative impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. The positive impact is the increasing number of people who open businesses in the food and beverage sector, including those using broiler as raw material. Indirectly, this will increase the demand for broilers on the producer side. The negative impact is that the price of chickens is always fluctuating and a fairly drastic drop in the price of live chickens has caused farmers to suffer losses. The condition of the decrease in the number of sales is also felt by restaurants, hotels and restaurants due to large-scale social restrictions in Makassar City, which are intermediate consumers.
The Variability of Upper-Ocean Salinity in the Eastern Inflow Region of ITF
Authors: Surinati D , Corvianawatie C , Kusmanto E , Budiman A S , Bayhaqi A , Avianto P , Wardana A K , Purwandana A , Ismail M F A , Dirhamsyah  , Arifin Z , Yuan D , Li X , Li Y , Wang Z , Wang J 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe north and south Pacific waters influenced the water mass profile in the eastern inflow region of Indonesian throughflow (ITF), including Halmahera Sea, Maluku Sea, and Sangihe–Talaud Waters. Pacific waters are characterized by the strong salinity stratification in the upper-ocean (0–300m depth). Repeated annual oceanographic observations in the eastern inflow region of ITF found anomalous upper-ocean salinity profiles during the 2014–2017 periods. At the end of 2015 (El Niño condition), saltier salinity and nearly homogeneous salinity profile (>34.6 PSU) in the upper-ocean were found, and it is expected due to the decreasing precipitation rate. Conversely, freshening of upper-ocean salinity (33.5 – 34.6 PSU) was found during the weak La Niña condition in 2017. An increased precipitation rate might cause this condition for five months in a sequence (varies within +22% to 112% higher than its monthly mean). In between, the weak El Niño and weak La Niña condition in 2014 and 2016 are more likely to show a similar salinity profile to the strong El Niño 2015 and weak La Niña 2017, respectively. There is a slight reduction (increase) of precipitation rate during 2014 (2016), but it does not lead to a drastic increase (freshening) of salinity as indicated in 2015 and 2017. This study also suggests the less effect of MJO on the precipitation rate and salinity anomalies in the eastern inflow region of ITF, especially during its active phase in 2017.
Mode of Wind and Sea Surface Temperature Over the South China Sea During Rainy Season in Indonesia
Authors: Yulihastin E , Hadi T W , Syahputra M R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Research on near-surface wind and sea surface temperature dynamics in the South China Sea (SCS) is important to understand their impact on Indonesia’s rainy season variations. In this study, we use daily wind data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis and sea surface temperature (SST) from the Optimal Interpolated Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) during November-to-March (NDJFM) period of 2000-2016 to explore the dominant signal of temporal and spatial variations in the SCS. Results of the first EOF (EOF-1) show that the SST cooling occurred in the entire region (the South China Sea, local Indonesian sea, and the Indian Ocean nearly Sumatra), thus, is remarked as “Cold Tongue” (CT). Additionally, the CT coincides with the strengthening of northerly wind over the South China Sea (SCS) elongated in the equator’s vicinity, which is indicated as a cross-equatorial north wind (CENS). For meridional wind, the spatial pattern of the EOF-1 (17.75%) shows that the strength of this CENS is associated with SCS-type (remarked as South China Sea type) of Cold Surge (CS) pathway. This CS SCS-type could enhance the Asian winter monsoon flows over Indonesia. On the other hand, the spatial pattern of the second EOF (EOF-2) shows the enhancement of the northerly wind towards the Philippine Sea (12.65%) associated with PHP-type (remarked as Filipina sea type) of CS pathway (CS PHP-type). The CS PHP-type has a relationship with strong CT (12.65%). The CT, which is observed extending southward close to the Karimata Strait, appeared not to relate to the local CENS, which occurred early. Regarding the EOF-1 results, it appeared that the correlation between northerly wind and SST in the whole of the Maritime Continent region. It also shows that the CT developed from mid-December to mid-January. On the other side, the CENS occurred from mid-December to last-February.
Phytoplankton Community Structure of the Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Rachman A , Purwandana A , Fitriya N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Makassar Strait is a unique oceanic ecosystem influenced by Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and acted as a geographical barrier for Asian and Australasian ecozones. Those characteristics could form the diversity of phytoplankton in the strait. Thus, this research aimed to describe the phytoplankton community structures and determine the longitudinal or latitudinal shift in the Makassar Strait community. Specimen collection was carried out in 2013 from 20 stations along the Makassar Strait during the Widya Nusantara Expedition (EWIN). There were 165 phytoplankton species identified in this study, which consists of 1 cyanobacterium, 97 diatoms, and 67 dinoflagellates. The cyanobacteria, Trichodesmium spp. was dominating the phytoplankton communities, with a relative density of >60%. Aside from Trichodesmium spp, the diatoms, Chaetoceros lorenzianus, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Bacteriastrum furcatum, Chaetoceros curvisetus, and Chaetoceros dichaeta were also the most abundant species in Makassar Strait. There was no extreme species assemblage shifting along the latitudinal and longitudinal gradients in the Makassar Strait. The phytoplankton community structure in all stations was similar, with noticeable differences only found at stations 8, 21, and 29 that are located in proximity to the Kalimantan coastline. However, a southward decrease in the density and diversity of phytoplankton was noticed in this study. It was confirmed that Makassar Strait was not a barrier for phytoplankton dispersal, which is shown in an indistinct shift in the phytoplankton community structure both latitudinally and longitudinally. However, ITF might be an important factor that controls the latitudinal trend in phytoplankton diversity and cell density in this research.
Ichthyological Research and Biodiversity of Marine Fishes in Indonesia
Authors: Peristiwady T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A brief review of ichthyological research and compiled results about the records of fishes from Indonesian waters are presented. A total of 4,954 species in 324 families of fishes are currently known from the area. Over of half of the total number specimen collected were represented by the families of Pomacentridae, Labridae, Gobiidae, Apogonidae, Chaetodontidae, Serranidae, Acanthuridae, Lutjanidae, Carangidae, and Scaridae. These families comprise about 48.9% of the total species reported. The Ichthyofauna is dominated by reef-associated fishes and pelagic or benthic fishes inhabiting offshore habitats. The highest number of fish species was found to present around Sulawesi Island.
Notes on flyingfish diversity in Indonesia waters
Authors: Syahailatua A , Rijoly F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Flyingfish is a small pelagic commercial species caught by local fishermen in Indonesia waters which is an important fish by its roe (eggs) for export. Flyingfish diversity has been studied for almost a century since Weber and de Beaufort published their findings in 1922. In 1960, Parin extended this study, and after that, Hutomo et al. (1985) reviewed several flyingfish studies in Indonesia waters, especially on fishery aspects. Again, Parin (1999) revised the systematics of flyingfish in Indo-west Pacific, splitting the genus of Cypselurus Swainson 1838 into Cheilopogon Lowe 1841 and Hirundichthys Breeder 1928. In 2004-2010, we studied the diversity and distribution of flyingfish at 7 locations throughout Indonesia. We identified 14 species, and found that Parexocoetus mento was widely distributed. The Makassar Strait, Flores Sea and Ambon (central Maluku) are suggested as hotspots of flyingfish diversity in Indonesia waters.
Characteristics of Deposited mine tailing on the Senunu Canyon, Indonesia
Authors: Witasari Y , Helfinalis  , Kusmanto E , Prayogo W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The characteristics, distribution, and accumulation of detrital sediment on the surface sediment in the Senunu Sea are used as a preliminary study to identify the detrital and sedimentation processes’ origin. This study aims to present the characters and composition of detrital sediment on Senunu seabed. It illustrates the influence of land sediment sources on sediment compositions settled on the bottom of the surrounding seas. Specific review on the sediment character in this region was done to identify surface sediment layers carrying tailings materials from ore mining on land and differentiate them from natural sediment. 53 sediment core from the Senunu bottom were collected and analyzed for their detrital characteristics using a binocular microscope. In general, sediment composition in Senunu seabed was terrigenous sediment with dominant material quartz, andesite, and tuffaceous breccia. Based on the detrital analysis, sediment lithology of natural seabed sediment and sediment containing tailing material is distinguished by color, layer contact, grain packing, grain shape, biota association, and specific mineral content quartz, mica, and magnetite. Surface sediment containing tailing material had more quartz mineral, had more similar grain size and crystal shape, fresher mineral condition, clearer color, and looser grain relation than seabed sediment that did not contain tailings material.. Based on the different characters and distribution patterns, sediment carrying tailings in the Senunu seabed. Based on the other characters and distribution patterns, sediments carrying tailings in the Senunu seabed on average were 2-167 centimeter thick at the surface with accumulated tailing 1-50% of total sediment at the sea bottom. Furthermore, the distribution of these tailing deposits is influenced mainly by morphodynamic, hydrodynamic conditions and the process of redeposition.
Sustainable use and conservation of inland water ecosystem in Indonesia: Challenge for fisheries management in lake and river ecosystem
Authors: Haryani GS 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to provide sustainable use and conservation insight into tropical aquatic resources with a special emphasis on inland water ecosystems in Indonesia, such as lakes and rivers. The talks focuses on certain use of resources in these ecosystems by humans. The inland water ecosystem should be properly managed to protect and maintain its biodiversity and sustainability through wise use of the aquatic resources with several ecological approaches. The richness in inland water resources does not lead Indonesia to freedom from water crises, and social and environmental problems. Degraded inland water ecosystem with much reduced carrying capacities, trapping people in conflicts of ecosystem use. The challenge of simplifying the adoption of conservation and sustainable use approaches to promote the implementation of practices in Indonesia remains.