bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a phase 2, multicenter, single‐arm, open‐label study of lenalidomide in pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: O'Brien Maureen M. , Alonzo Todd A. , Cooper Todd M. , Levine John E. , Brown Patrick A. , Slone Tamra , August Keith J. , Benettaib Bouchra , Biserna Noha , Poon Jennifer , Patturajan Meera , Chen Nianhang , Simcock Mathew , Zimmerman Linda , Kolb E. Anders 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes after relapse remain poor in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Lenalidomide has demonstrated activity in adults with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes and older adults with relapsed or refractory (R/R) AML.MethodsIn this phase 2 study (NCT02538965), pediatric patients with R/R AML who received two or more prior therapies were treated with lenalidomide (starting dose 2 mg/kg/day on days 1–21 of each 28‐day cycle) for a maximum of 12 cycles. The primary endpoint was rate of complete response (CR) and CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) within the first four cycles.ResultsSeventeen patients enrolled and received one or more dose of lenalidomide. Median age was 12 years (range 5–18 years), median white blood cell count was 3.7 × 109/L, and median peripheral blood blast count was 1.0 × 109/L. One patient (5.9%) with a complex karyotype including del(5q) achieved CRi after two cycles of lenalidomide. This responder proceeded to a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and has remained without evidence of disease for 3 years. All patients experienced one or more of grades 3–4 treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE). The most common grades 3–4 TEAEs were thrombocytopenia (58.8%), febrile neutropenia (47.1%), anemia (41.2%), and hypokalemia (41.2%).ConclusionsIn this population of pediatric patients with R/R AML, safety data were consistent with the known safety profile of lenalidomide. As only one patient responded, further evaluation of lenalidomide at the dose and schedule studied is not warranted in pediatric AML, with the possible exception of patients with del(5q).
Explaining the economic, social, and political structure of rural poverty using a mixed exploratory approach: A case study of Shamshir village, Kermanshah province, Iran
Authors: Saadollahi Pouria , Roosta Kuroush , Farani Ahmad Yaghoubi , Baradaran Reza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed at description of the economic, social, and political structure of the poverty in Shamshir village using an exploratory mixed methods' approach. To do so, qualitative methodologies were conducted among 30 residents of Shamshir village using purposive theoretical sampling. Also, an additional quantitative investigation was carried out among 327 villagers based on random sampling method. The qualitative phase was performed applying observation, unstructured interview, note‐taking, and focus groups while quantitative data were collected by the questionnaire. The findings of the research indicated the importance of economic, social, and political structures in respondents' poverty status of the Shamshir Village; where, the social structure played a greater role. In more detail, the governmental support, private companies, cooperatives, and governmental economic policies were assumed as the factors which could reduce the poverty in Shamshir village.
Biological drug therapy for ocular angiogenesis: Anti‐VEGF agents and novel strategies based on nanotechnology
Authors: Formica María L. , Awde Alfonso Hamoudi G. , Palma Santiago D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrently, biological drug therapy for ocular angiogenesis treatment is based on the administration of anti‐VEGF agents via intravitreal route. The molecules approved with this purpose for ocular use include pegaptanib, ranibizumab, and aflibercept, whereas bevacizumab is commonly off‐label used in the clinical practice. The schedule dosage involves repeated intravitreal injections of anti‐VEGF agents to achieve and maintain effective concentrations in retina and choroids, which are administrated as solutions form. In this review article, we describe the features of different anti‐VEGF agents, major challenges for their ocular delivery and the nanoparticles in development as delivery system of them. In this way, several polymeric and lipid nanoparticles are explored to load anti‐VEGF agents with the aim of achieving sustained drug release and thus, minimize the number of intravitreal injections required. The main challenges were focused in the loading the molecules that maintain their bioactivity after their release from nanoparticulate system, followed the evaluation of them through studies of formulation stability, pharmacokinetic, and efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models. The analysis was based on the information published in peer‐reviewed published papers relevant to anti‐VEGF treatments and nanoparticles developed as ocular anti‐VEGF delivery system.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to support qualification of pyridoxic acid as endogenous biomarker of OAT1/3 renal transporters
Authors: Ahmad Amais , Ogungbenro Kayode , Kunze Annett , Jacobs Frank , Snoeys Jan , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Galetin Aleksandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRenal clearance of many drugs is mediated by renal organic anion transporters OAT1/3 and inhibition of these transporters may lead to drug‐drug interactions (DDIs). Pyridoxic acid (PDA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were indicated as potential biomarkers of OAT1/3. The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for PDA and HVA to support biomarker qualification. Simultaneous fitting of biomarker plasma and urine data in the presence and absence of potent OAT1/3 inhibitor (probenecid, 500 mg every 6 h) was performed. The impact of study design (multiple vs. single dose of OAT1/3 inhibitor) and ability to detect interactions in the presence of weak/moderate OAT1/3 inhibitors was investigated, together with corresponding power calculations. The population models developed successfully described biomarker baseline and PDA/HVA OAT1/3‐mediated interaction data. No prominent effect of circadian rhythm on PDA and HVA individual baseline levels was evident. Renal elimination contributed greater than 80% to total clearance of both endogenous biomarkers investigated. Estimated probenecid unbound in vivo OAT inhibitory constant was up to 6.4‐fold lower than in vitro values obtained with PDA as a probe. The PDA model was successfully verified against independent literature reported datasets. No significant difference in power of DDI detection was found between multiple and single dose study design when using the same total daily dose of 2000 mg probenecid. Model‐based simulations and power calculations confirmed sensitivity and robustness of plasma PDA data to identify weak, moderate, and strong OAT1/3 inhibitors in an adequately powered clinical study to support optimal design of prospective clinical OAT1/3 interaction studies.
Enhanced Stability of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes by a Facile Liquid Annealing Strategy
Authors: Shi Jindou , Ge Wanyin , Tian Ye , Xu Meimei , Gao Wenxing , Wu Yuanting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEnsuring the stability of all‐inorganic halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) has become an obstacle that needs to be broken for commercial applications. Currently, lead halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Br, I, Cl) nanocrystals (NCs) are considered as alternative materials for future fluorescent lighting devices due to their combination of superior optical and electronic properties. However, the temperature of the surface of the LEDs will increase after long‐term power‐on work, which greatly affects the optical stability of CsPbX3 NCs. In order to overcome this bottleneck issue, a strategy of annealing perovskite materials in liquid is proposed, and the changes in photoluminescence and electroluminescence (EL) behaviors before and after annealing are studied. The results show that the luminescence stability of the annealed perovskite materials is significantly improved. Moreover, the EL stability of different perovskite LED devices under long‐term operation is monitored, and the performance of the annealed materials is particularly outstanding. The results have proved that this convenient and low‐cost liquid annealing strategy is suitable for large‐scale postprocessing of perovskite materials, granting them stable fluorescence emission, which will bring a new dawn to the commercialization of next‐generation optoelectronic devices.
High‐Yield Exfoliation of Ultrathin 2D Ni3Cr2P2S9 and Ni3Cr2P2Se9 Nanosheets
Authors: Lai Zhuangchai , Chaturvedi Apoorva , Shi Zhenyu , Zhao Jiangqi , Tran Thu Ha , Chen Bo , Huang Ying , Cao Xiehong , He Qiyuan , Zeng Zhiyuan , Tan Chaoliang , Zhang Hua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultinary layered 2D nanomaterials can exhibit distinct physicochemical properties and innovative applications as compared to binary 2D nanomaterials due to their unique crystal structures. However, it still remains a challenge for the high‐yield preparation of high‐quality multinary 2D nanosheets. Here, the high‐yield and large‐scale production of two quaternary metal thiophosphate nanosheets are reported, i.e., Ni3Cr2P2S9 and Ni3Cr2P2Se9, via the liquid exfoliation of their layered bulk crystals. The exfoliated single‐crystalline Ni3Cr2P2S9 nanosheets, with a lateral size ranging from a few hundred nanometers to a few micrometers and thickness of 1.4 ± 0.2 nm, can be easily used to prepare flexible thin films via a simple vacuum filtration process. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the fabricated thin film is used as a supercapacitor electrode with good specific capacitance. These high‐yield, large‐scale, solution‐processable quaternary metal thiophosphate nanosheets could also be promising in other applications like biosensors, cancer therapies, and flexible electronics.
Keyed shear connections with looped U‐bars subjected to normal and shear forces Part I: Experimental investigation
Authors: Sørensen Jesper Harrild , Hoang Linh Cao , Poulsen Peter Noe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractShear connections in prefabricated concrete buildings are important for the structural performance in both the serviceability and the ultimate limit state. A normal force has a large impact on the shear strength and deformation capacity, however, no experimental record includes compression–shear and tension–shear interaction. This article presents an experimental investigation of keyed shear connections with looped U‐bars subjected to combinations of shear and normal forces. The tests were performed in a custom‐built double frame, where forces could be applied in two perpendicular directions, which was utilized to introduce normal and shear forces. The load combinations ranged from pure tension, over shear–tension and pure shear to shear–compression. The results include load–displacement relationships supplemented by digital image correlation (DIC) results to exemplify the experimental findings and underline the influence of a normal force on the behavior. It was found that a compressive normal force has a positive influence on the shear capacity in the entire displacement domain tested. A tensile normal force reduces not only the shear capacity but also the deformation capacity of the connection. The ultimate shear load was associated with failure in the joint mortar, which in all cases took place as a local key corner shearing. This article constitutes Part I of the investigation, while Part II introduces rigid‐plastic modeling of the ultimate load carrying capacity.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on statistical design and analysis plans for multidomain intervention clinical trials: Experience from World‐Wide FINGERS
Authors: Röhr Susanne , Arai Hidenori , Mangialasche Francesca , Matsumoto Nanae , Peltonen Markku , Raman Rema , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Sakurai Takashi , Snyder Heather M. , Sugimoto Taiki , Carrillo Maria , Kivipelto Miia , Espeland Mark A. ,   for the World‐Wide FINGERS Study Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic presents challenges to the conduct of randomized clinical trials of lifestyle interventions.MethodsWorld‐Wide FINGERS is an international network of clinical trials to assess the impact of multidomain lifestyle intervention on cognitive decline in at‐risk adults. Individual trials are tailoring successful approaches from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) to local cultures and environments. The network convened a forum for researchers to discuss statistical design and analysis issues they faced during the pandemic. We report on experiences of three trials that, at various stages of conduct, altered designs and analysis plans to navigate these issues. We provide recommendations for future trials to consider as they develop and launch behavioral intervention trials.ResultsThe pandemic led researchers to change recruitment plans, interrupt timelines for assessments and intervention delivery, and move to remote intervention and assessment protocols. The necessity of these changes add emphasis to the importance, in study design and analysis, of intention to treat approaches, flexibility, within‐site stratification, interim power projections, and sensitivity analyses.DiscussionRobust approaches to study design and analysis are critical to negotiate issues related to the intervention. The world‐wide network of similarly oriented clinical trials will allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of responses to the pandemic across cultures, local environments, and phases of the pandemic.
Enrichment of Melanoma Stem-Like Cells via Sphere Assays
Authors: Mukherjee Nabanita , Lambert Karoline A. , Norris David A. , Shellman Yiqun G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSphere assays are widely used in vitro techniques to enrich and evaluate the stem-like cell behavior of both normal and cancer cells. Utilizing three-dimensional in vitro sphere culture conditions provide a better representation of tumor growth in vivo than the more common monolayer cultures. We describe how to perform primary and secondary sphere assays, used for the enrichment and self-renewability studies of melanoma/melanocyte stem-like cells. Spheres are generated by growing melanoma cells at low density in nonadherent conditions with stem cell media. We provide protocols for preparing inexpensive and versatile polyHEMA-coated plates, setting up primary and secondary sphere assays in almost any tissue culture format and quantification methods using standard inverted microscopy. Our protocol is easily adaptable to laboratories with basic cell culture capabilities, without the need for expensive fluidic instruments.
An Introduction to the Health Promotion Perspective in the Health Care Services
Authors: Haugan Gørill , Eriksson Monica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrently, the world faces a shift to an older population. For the first time in the history, now most people can expect to live into their 60s and beyond. Within this trend of people living longer, many grow very old; 80, 90 and 100 years. Today, 125 million people are 80 years or older; the proportion of ≥80 years increases the most. Age is not an illness, still most chronically ill are older people. Consequently, all countries in the world face major challenges to ensure that their health and social systems are ready to make the most of this demographic shift. Globally, finding new and effective ways to improve people’s health is crucial. Thus, in the years to come, health promotive initiatives will become ever more important. Accordingly, learning how to reorient the health care sector in a health promotion direction is highly needed. The salutogenic approach seems useful for such a reorientation.Salutogenesis is a resource-oriented theoretical approach which focuses on the origin of health along with people’s abilities and capacities for well-functioning and well-being. Salutogenesis is an area of knowledge and learning, a way of relating to others, and a way of working in a health-promoting manner. From the salutogenic point of view, health is a movement on a continuum between ease and dis-ease. In this approach, no one is categorized as healthy or diseased; we are all somewhere between the imaginary poles of total wellness and total illness.This chapter, as well as this book, comprehend the salutogenic health theory as a model of health and a life orientation, representing a vital theoretical basis for the health promotion field. Accordingly, this chapter presents some important points in the development of the health promotion field, followed by the core principles and strategies of health promotion and the promising potential of the salutogenic health theory.
Nurse-Patient Interaction: A Vital Salutogenic Resource in Nursing Home Care
Authors: Haugan Gørill 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe are now witnessing a major change in the world’s population. Many people globally grow very old: 80, 90, and 100 years. Increased age is followed by an increased incidence of functional and chronic comorbidities and diverse disabilities, which for many leads to the need for long-term care in a nursing home. Quality of life and health promotive initiatives for older persons living in nursing homes will become ever more important in the years to come. Therefore, this chapter focuses on health promotion among older adults living in nursing homes. First, this chapter clarifies the concepts of health, salutogenesis, and pathogenesis, followed by knowledge about health promotion. Then insight and knowledge about the nursing home population is provided; what promotes health and well-being in nursing home residents?Health promotion in the health services should be based on integrated knowledge of salutogenesis and pathogenesis. The salutogenic understanding of health is holistic and considers man as a wholeness including physical, mental, social, and spiritual/existential dimensions. Research indicates that various health-promoting interventions, specifically the nurse–patient interaction, influence on older adults in nursing homes as a wholeness of body–soul–spirit, affecting the whole being. Hence, dimensions such as pain, fatigue, dyspnea, nausea, loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms will be influenced through health-promoting approaches. Therefore, two separate studies on the health-promoting influences of nurse–patient interaction in nursing home residents were conducted. In total, nine hypotheses of directional influence of the nurse–patient interaction were tested, all of which finding support.Along with competence in pain and symptom management, health-promoting nurse–patient interaction based on awareness and attentional skills is essential in nursing home care. Thus, health care workers should be given the opportunity to further develop their knowledge and relational skills, in order to “refine” their way of being present together with residents in nursing homes. Health professionals’ competence involves the “being in the doing”; that is, both thedoingand the way ofbeingare essential in health and nursing care.
Salutogenic-Oriented Mental Health Nursing: Strengthening Mental Health Among Adults with Mental Illness
Authors: Mjøsund Nina Helen , Eriksson Monica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on mental health promotion with a salutogenic understanding of mental health as an individual’s subjective well-being encompassing both feelings and functioning. Mental health is an ever-present aspect of life, relevant for everybody; thus, to promote mental health is a universal ambition. Our chapter is written with adults with mental illness in need of mental health nursing in mind. To understand the present and make suggestions for the future, knowledge of the past is needed. We elaborate on historical trends of nursing, nursing models, and the hospital setting to support our statement; persons with mental illness need a more complete mental health nursing care, including salutogenic mental health promotion. In the last part of the chapter, we introduce the salutogenic-oriented mental health nursing, and further showing how salutogenesis can be integrated in nursing care for persons with mental illness. As well as elaborating on the features of salutogenic-oriented mental health nursing, and briefly present the Act-Belong-Commit framework for mental health promotion as an example of salutogenesis in nursing practice.
Sociocultural Aspects of Health Promotion in Palliative Care in Uganda
Authors: Mugisha James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite its vital importance, health promotion has not occupied its due place in public health in Uganda. The country is engulfed into a rising wave of both communicable and non-communicable conditions. This rising burden of both communicable and non-communicable conditions turns health promotion and palliative care essential health care packages; though there is little to show that these two important programs are getting vital support at policy and service delivery levels. A new theoretical framework that is anchored into sociocultural issues is essential in guiding the design and delivery of both health promotion and palliative care in Uganda. The salutogenic theory puts socio-cultural issues at the centre of developing health promotion and palliative care and, seems to solve this dilemma. In this chapter, illustrations from indigenous communities in Uganda are employed to demonstrate the challenges to the health promotion and palliative care agenda in the country and how they can be addressed. Uganda Ministry of Health should develop robust structures within public health for development of health promotion and palliative care in the country. Research should be conducted on the effectiveness of the current strategies on health promotion and palliative care and their cultural sensitivity and appropriateness. Given the limited resources available for development of health care in Uganda, as an overall strategy, health promotion and palliative care should be anchored in public health and its (public health) resources.
SHAPE: A Healthy Aging Community Project Designed Based on the Salutogenic Theory
Authors: Seah Betsy , Wang Wenru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSalutogenesis introduces a paradigm that requires a perceptual change towards what creates health and how health can be facilitated. Removing the lens of pathogenesis, aging is an achievement to be embraced and older people are valued as assets for their wealth of experiences, resources, skills and knowledge. From the perspectives of older adults, the concept of healthy aging is multidimensional, comprising bio-psycho-social-spiritual health. Evidence shows that sense of coherence via resistance resources promotes health outcomes among older adults. However, very few works have attempted to operationalise the salutogenic theory to promote healthy aging among older community dwellers. This chapter provides a detailed description of the Salutogenic Healthy Aging Program Embracement (SHAPE) intervention for senior-only household dwellers. SHAPE represents an application of the salutogenic concepts: sense of coherence and resistance resources. SHAPE is an integrative person-centric multi-dimensional health resource program that employs an asset-based insight-oriented approach. Illustration of examples in which how the salutogenic concepts were operationalised in developing the SHAPE intervention approach, its content, activities and the conduction of the intervention are presented.