bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfit Stewards: The Role of the Intensive Pet Parenting Ideology in Constructing Racialized Narratives
Authors: James Adilia E E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScholars have found that privileged, white individuals in integrated neighborhoods construct narratives that people of color (POC) have relationships with pets that are culturally different and morally questionable. They use these narratives to justify surveilling, punishing, and excluding their POC neighbors. How do privileged white people come up with the pet-related narratives they use as part of racialization processes? The dual purposes in this paper are to identify the constitutive elements of the intensive pet parenting ideology and show how individuals rely on this ideology to construct pet-related, racialized narratives. I extend the current discussion about the use of pet-related, racialized narratives by taking a closer look at the white-dominated veterinary profession. I conducted 44 in-depth interviews with a racially-diverse group of employed veterinarians and veterinary college students to determine if and how they rely on the intensive pet parenting ideology to explain a broad racial/ethnic process such as occupational segregation. Respondents proposed that POC cultures do not promote a self-sacrificing love for common pet species that would engender a passion for veterinary medicine within individuals of color. In this manner, they drew on the intensive pet parenting ideology to both racialize people and naturalize POC exclusion from the veterinary profession.
The first comprehensive, multigene molecular phylogeny for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)
Authors: Motamedinia Behnam , Skevington Jeffrey H , Kelso Scott , Kehlmaier Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Pipunculidae (Diptera) is inferred from analyses of 6963 bp of DNA sequence data from the following five loci: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb), 12S ribosomal DNA, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase region of CAD (CAD) and alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AATS). The monophyly of Pipunculidae and most known subfamilies, including Chalarinae, Nephrocerinae, Pipunculinae and Protonephrocerinae, are well supported, as are most existing generic concepts. Molecular analysis reveals that Nephrocerinae, either with or without Protonephrocerinae, depending on analytical method, is sister to the rest of the family. Within Pipunculinae, Cephalopsini is synonymized with Pipunculini (synon. nov.) and Eudorylini with Tomosvaryellini (synon. nov.), leaving Pipunculinae with three tribes: Microcephalopsini, Pipunculini and Tomosvaryellini. Jassidophaga is proposed as a synonym of Verrallia (synon. nov.). Beckerias, Cephalops s.s., Cephalosphaera s.s., Neocephalosphaera, Parabeckerias and Semicephalops are all raised to generic status (stat. nov.). Eudorylas fusculus and E. vineti are transferred to Clistoabdominalis (comb. nov.) and Clistoabdominalis ruralis and C. doczkali to Eudorylas (comb. nov.). We provide evidence for four new genera of Pipunculidae, one of which is described herein (Tricosus gen. nov.; Australia: New South Wales, contains two new combinations, Tricosus cyclohirtus and Tricosus anorhaebus).
Intracranial Pressure Variability: A New Potential Metric of Cerebral Ischemia and Energy Metabolic Dysfunction in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?
Authors: Svedung Wettervik Teodor , Howells Timothy , Hånell Anders , Ronne-Engström Elisabeth , Lewén Anders , Enblad Per 
Published: October 2021

Background:
It was recently reported that lower intracranial pressure variability (ICPV) is associated with delayed ischemic neurological deficits and unfavorable outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). In this study, we aimed to determine whether lower ICPV also correlated with worse cerebral energy metabolism after aSAH.

Methods:
A total of 75 aSAH patients treated in the neurointensive care unit at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden between 2008 and 2018 and with both intracranial pressure and cerebral microdialysis (MD) monitoring during the first 10 days after ictus were included in this retrospective study. ICPV was calculated with a bandpass filter limited to intracranial pressure slow waves with a wavelength of 55 to 15 seconds. Cerebral energy metabolites were measured hourly with MD. The monitoring period was divided into 3 phases; early (days 1 to 3), early vasospasm (days 4 to 6.5), and late vasospasm (days 6.5 to 10).

Results:
Lower ICPV was associated with lower MD-glucose in the late vasospasm phase, lower MD-pyruvate in the early vasospasm phases, and higher MD-lactate-pyruvate ratio (LPR) in the early and late vasospasm phases. Lower ICPV was associated with poor cerebral substrate supply (LPR >25 and pyruvate <120 µM) rather than mitochondrial failure (LPR >25 and pyruvate >120 µM). There was no association between ICPV and delayed ischemic neurological deficit, but lower ICPV in both vasospasm phases correlated with unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusion:
Lower ICPV was associated with an increased risk for disturbed cerebral energy metabolism and worse clinical outcomes in aSAH patients, possibly explained by a vasospasm-related decrease in cerebral blood volume dynamics and cerebral ischemia.
Failure of Hip Reconstruction in Children With Cerebral Palsy: What Are the Risk Factors?
Authors: Minaie Arya , Gordon J. Eric , Schoenecker Perry , Hosseinzadeh Pooya 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The rates and risk factors contributing to failure after hip reconstruction among patients with cerebral palsy (CP) are not well established. In analyzing a large cohort of children with CP who underwent hip reconstruction, the objectives of this study are to establish (1) the failure rates and (2) associated risk factors.

Methods:
This retrospective study included chart and radiographic review of patients between the ages of 1 to 18, with a diagnosis of CP, who underwent a hip reconstructive procedure at a single children’s hospital over a 9-year period (2010 to 2018). Patients without at least 2 years of follow-up were excluded. Age at time of surgery, sex, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), procedure(s) performed, preoperative migration percentage (MP), neck-shaft angle, and acetabular index (AI) were recorded. Failure was defined as need for revision surgery or a MP >50% on follow-up radiographs. Logistic regression and multiple-variable regression-type models were used to test for significance of risk factors.

Results:
Of the 291 hips in 179 patients (102 males, 77 females) that met inclusion criteria, 38 hips (13%) failed. Significant differences in the failure group were seen in age at time of surgery (6.2±3.2 vs. 8.1±3.2; P<0.001), preoperative MP (62.3±28.7 vs. 39.9±24.1%; P<0.001) and preoperative neck-shaft angle (164.9±8.2 vs. 157.3±15.6 degrees; P<0.001). Age below 6 at time of surgery significantly increased failure rate (26% vs. 6.3%, P<0.001) as did preoperative MP >70% (28.9% vs. 9.9%, P<0.001). Receiving an acetabular osteotomy was protective against failure (9.1% vs. 16.9%, P=0.048), particularly in patients with a preoperative AI >25° (odds ratio=0.236; confidence interval: 0.090-0.549).

Conclusions:
In this case series, failure after hip reconstruction for children with CP was determined to be 13.1%. There was a higher risk associated with age under 6 at time of surgery or a preoperative MP >70%. Correction of acetabular dysplasia when AI is more than 25 degrees with acetabular osteotomy at time of hip reconstruction, exerted a protective effect against subsequent failure.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective case series.
A Trigger and Response System for Preventing Cardiac Arrest in the ICU
Authors: Moskowitz Ari , Berg Katherine M. , Cocchi Michael N. , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Issa Mahmoud , Balaji Lakshman , Chase Maureen , Yang Jesse X. , Sarge Jennifer , O’Donoghue Sharon , Sarge Todd , Donnino Michael W. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Although patients in the ICU are closely monitored, some ICU cardiac arrest events may be preventable. In this study, we sought to reduce the rate of cardiac arrests occurring in the ICU through a quality improvement initiative.

DESIGN:
Prospective, observational study.

SETTING:
ICUs of a single tertiary care center.

PATIENTS:
Patients hospitalized in the ICUs between August 2017 and November 2019.

INTERVENTIONS:
A comprehensive trigger and response tool.

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS:
Forty-three patients experienced an ICU cardiac arrest in the preintervention epoch (6.79 arrests per 1,000 discharges), and 59 patients experienced an ICU cardiac arrest in the intervention epoch (7.91 arrests per 1,000 discharges). In the intervention epoch, the clinical trigger and response tool was activated 106 times over a 1-year period, most commonly due to unexpected new/worsening hypotension. There was no step change in arrest rate (2.24 arrests/1,000 patients; 95% CI, –1.82 to 6.28; p = 0.28) or slope change (–0.02 slope of arrest rate; 95% CI, –0.14 to 0.11; p = 0.79) comparing the preintervention and intervention time epochs. Cardiac arrests in the preintervention epoch were more likely to be “potentially preventable” than that in the intervention epoch (25.6% vs 12.3%, respectively; odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.20–0.88; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:
A novel trigger-and-response tool did not reduce the frequency of ICU cardiac arrest. Additional investigation is needed into the optimal approach for ICU cardiac arrest prevention.
Alterations in the oral microbiome in HIV infection: causes, effects and potential interventions
Authors: Li Shuang , Su Bin , He Qiu-Shui , Wu Hao , Zhang Tong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A massive depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes has been described in early and acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, leading to an imbalance between the human microbiome and immune responses. In recent years, a growing interest in the alterations in gut microbiota in HIV infection has led to many studies; however, only few studies have been conducted to explore the importance of oral microbiome in HIV-infected individuals. Evidence has indicated the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in people living with HIV (PLWH). Potential mechanisms might be related to the immunodeficiency in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals, including changes in secretory components such as reduced levels of enzymes and proteins in saliva and altered cellular components involved in the reduction and dysfunction of innate and adaptive immune cells. As a result, disrupted oral immunity in HIV-infected individuals leads to an imbalance between the oral microbiome and local immune responses, which may contribute to the development of HIV-related diseases and HIV-associated non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome comorbidities. Although the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a significant decrease in occurrence of the opportunistic oral infections in HIV-infected individuals, the dysbiosis in oral microbiome persists. Furthermore, several studies with the aim to investigate the ability of probiotics to regulate the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in HIV-infected individuals are ongoing. However, the effects of ART and probiotics on oral microbiome in HIV-infected individuals remain unclear. In this article, we review the composition of the oral microbiome in healthy and HIV-infected individuals and the possible effect of oral microbiome on HIV-associated oral diseases. We also discuss how ART and probiotics influence the oral microbiome in HIV infection. We believe that a deeper understanding of composition and function of the oral microbiome is critical for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for HIV infection.
Suicide Risk Screening in Pediatric Outpatient Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Clinics
Authors: Rybczynski Suzanne , Ryan Taylor C. , Wilcox Holly C. , Van Eck Kathryn , Cwik Mary , Vasa Roma A. , Findling Robert L. , Slifer Keith , Kleiner Daniel , Lipkin Paul H. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of universal suicide risk screening in pediatric neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) medical clinics, analyze demographic and clinical characteristics of eligible patients, describe outcomes of positive screenings, and describe factors that influenced participation in screenings.

Methods:
A suicide risk screening protocol was developed and implemented for medical clinic patients aged 8 to 18 years. Registered nurses screened patients using the “Ask Suicide-Screening Questions” tool during triage. Positive screenings were referred for further assessment and mental health management. Demographics and clinical data were extracted from medical records using retrospective chart reviews.

Results:
During the 6-month study period, 2961 individual patients presented for 5260 screening eligible patient visits. In total, 3854 (73.3%) screenings were completed with 261 (6.8%) positive screenings noted. Screenings were declined in 1406 (26.7%) visits. Parents of children with cognitive impairments were more likely to decline screening. Clinics serving children with autism spectrum disorder had higher rates of positive screenings compared with all other clinic attendees. Seventy-two of 187 children (38.5%) with positive screenings were identified and referred to outpatient mental health referrals. Seven (2.5%) of these children required acute psychiatric treatment.

Conclusion:
Routine screening, identification of increased suicide risk, and referral to mental health care among children with NDD are feasible. It remains unclear whether variation in rates among youth with and without NDD may indicate true differences in suicide risk or cognitive impairments or reflect psychiatric comorbidities. High rates of declined participation may have influenced identification of children with NDD and suicide risk. Preliminary findings identified groups of children with NDD at heightened risk for suicidal ideation and behavior. Further research is needed to assess the validity of suicide risk screening tools in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectories From Birth to 7 Years of Age
Authors: Rautava Samuli , Turta Olli , Vahtera Jussi , Pentti Jaana , Kivimäki Mika , Pearce Jamie , Kawachi Ichiro , Rautava Päivi , Lagström Hanna 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The epidemic of increasing childhood overweight and obesity is a major global health concern, with local contextual factors identified as possible contributors. Robust research is needed to establish an evidence base supporting health policy decisions to reverse the trend. We aimed to examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from birth to age 7.

Methods:
The present study included 11,023 children born within the Southwest Finland Birth Cohort who were free of severe conditions affecting growth with adequate exposure and growth data. We obtained child growth data until school age from municipal follow-up clinics. We based cumulative childhood neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage on the average annual income, unemployment, and level of education in a residential area defined using a geographic grid at a spatial resolution of 250 m by 250 m.

Results:
Cumulative neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with distinct childhood BMI z score trajectories from birth to age 7. Despite being born in the lowest BMI z scores, children growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods subsequently exhibited a trajectory of increasing BMI z scores starting at 4 years of age, ending up with a higher risk of overweight at the end of the follow-up (30%) as compared with children living in more affluent neighborhoods (22%). The corresponding risk of obesity was 5 % for those in affluent neighborhoods and 9 % and those in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Conclusion:
Cumulative exposure to neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is independently associated with unfavorable BMI development and obesity in childhood.
Trastuzumab-Induced Negative Chronotropic and Lusitropic Effects in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Ishizaka Tomomichi , Yoshimatsu Yu , Maeda Yu , Chiba Katsuyoshi , Mori Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Treatment with trastuzumab, an antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 humanized monoclonal antibody, has been associated with heart failure in certain patients with cancer; however, the mechanism underlying trastuzumab-induced cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. This study was conducted to clarify the cardiac effects of trastuzumab in cynomolgus monkeys, which are commonly used as cross-reactive species in preclinical safety evaluation. Monkeys were treated with trastuzumab weekly for 1 month (5 doses in total). At first and fifth doses for pressure–volume loop analysis, trastuzumab at 20 mg·kg−1·10 min−1, equivalent to the human therapeutic dose, was administered intravenously to isoflurane-anesthetized animals, followed by 60 mg·kg−1·10 min−1 at a 30-minute interval. The other doses were fixed at 80 mg·kg−1·10 min−1 under unanesthetized conditions. After the first dose, reduced heart rate, decreases in maximal rate of fall of left ventricular pressure, and prolonged time constant for isovolumic relaxation, which are predictors of drug-induced changes in lusitropy, were observed at 20 and 60 mg·kg−1. The changes after the fifth dose were comparable with those after the first dose, indicating trastuzumab did not show exacerbation of cardiac function during the 1-month trial. No significant changes in slope of preload recruitable stroke work, which is a load-independent inotropic parameter, were observed at either dose. In conclusion, trastuzumab-induced little inotropic effect but induced negative chronotropic or lusitropic effects in monkeys, which might be associated with impaired left ventricular diastolic function.
Review of Scavenged Sampling for Sustainable Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Do More With Less
Authors: Schouwenburg Stef , van der Klip Robin F. J. , Smeets Tim J. L. , Hunfeld Nicole G. M. , Flint Robert B. , de Hoog Matthijs , Endeman Henrik , Koch Birgit C. P. , Wildschut Enno D. , Abdulla Alan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
Innovative and sustainable sampling strategies for bioanalytical quantification of drugs and metabolites have gained considerable interest. Scavenging can be stratified as a sustainable sampling strategy using residual material because it aligns with the green principles of waste reduction and sampling optimization. Scavenged sampling includes all biological fluids' (eg, blood, liquor, and urine) leftover from standard clinical care. This review elaborates on the past and current landscape of sustainable sampling within therapeutic drug monitoring, with a focus on scavenged sampling.

Methods:
In February 2021, 4 databases were searched to assess the literature on the clinical use of innovative and sustainable sampling techniques without applying publication date restrictions. Studies reporting the clinical use of scavenged blood sampling and bridging studies of scavenged sampling and normal blood sampling were eligible for inclusion.

Results:
Overall, 19 eligible studies concerning scavenged sampling were identified from 1441 records. Scavenged sampling is mainly applied in the pediatric population, although other patient groups may benefit from this strategy. The infrastructure required for scavenged sampling encounters several challenges, including logistic hurdles, storage and handling conditions, and documentation errors. A workflow is proposed with identified opportunities that guide the implementation of scavenged sampling.

Conclusions:
This review presents current evidence on the clinical use of scavenged sampling strategies. Scavenged sampling can be a suitable approach for drug quantification to improve dosage regimens, perform pharmacokinetic studies, and explore the value of therapeutic drug monitoring without additional sample collection.
Brugada syndrome – minimizing overdiagnosis and over treatment in children
Authors: Corcia M. Cecilia Gonzalez 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Is to summarise the new contributions toward the understanding of the broad spectrum of manifestations of Brugada syndrome (BrS) during the first years of life. The review encompasses the screening of the asymptomatic patient referred due to family history in one extreme of the spectrum, and also the rare child with early clinical expression of the disease on the opposite side.

Recent findings
Involve specific features of pediatric BrS including the risk related to a positive family history of sudden cardiac death, the risk of presenting with syncope and the multiple diagnostic challenges of the disease. We included some of the most controversial aspects of the diagnosis and risk stratification, encompassing noninvasive studies (Holter monitors, exercise test, implantable loop recorders, and provocative tests), as well as invasive stratification during the first years of life. Finally, the role and concerns of genetic testing in this age group are commented upon.

Summary
The main key to minimize overdiagnosis and overtreatment in the young population with a personal and/or family diagnosis of BrS is to perform a systematic but also individualized assessment. Appropriate diagnostic guidelines need to be created and age-specific risk stratification algorithms built for the young patient both with suspected and confirmed BrS.
Association of parental and adolescent emotion-related factors with adolescent chronic pain behaviors
Authors: Koechlin Helen , Beeckman Melanie , Meier Andrea H. , Locher Cosima , Goubert Liesbet , Kossowsky Joe , Simons Laura E. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chronic pain is a prevalent condition in youth, and the pain experience is strongly influenced by emotional processes. Studying emotion variability and regulation (ER) may help better understand pain behavior. As the development of emotion-related abilities predominantly takes place in the family context, examining ER within parent–adolescent dyads is important. We set out to test the association of parent and adolescent ER and adolescent emotional variability with adolescent pain behavior (ie, pain interference, activity avoidance, and activity engagement). A sample of 56 adolescents (Mage = 14.5, 85.7% women) with chronic pain and one of their parents (92.9% mothers) participated in this study. Adolescents completed baseline measures of average pain intensity, ER, and mean positive and negative affect. Furthermore, adolescents completed an electronic diary for 14 consecutive days, reporting on emotional state, activity avoidance, activity engagement, and pain interference. Parents completed measures of ER and their own history of pain. We performed a variable selection procedure, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, to determine important predictors of adolescent pain behavior. Adolescent high positive affect was associated with more activity engagement, less pain interference, and less activity avoidance, indicating that positive affect might enhance the willingness to engage in activities in the presence of pain. Adolescent ER strategy emotional reappraisal and parents' own history of pain were predictors of less activity engagement. Parent ER was not related to adolescent ER. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of enhancing positive affect as an intervention target for chronic pain.