bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation green‐up date is more sensitive to permafrost degradation than climate change in spring across the northern permafrost region
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Desheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobal climate change substantially influences vegetation spring phenology, that is, green‐up date (GUD), in the northern permafrost region. Changes in GUD regulate ecosystem carbon uptake, further feeding back to local and regional climate systems. Extant studies mainly focused on the direct effects of climate factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and insolation; however, the responses of GUD to permafrost degradation caused by warming (i.e., indirect effects) remain elusive yet. In this study, we examined the impacts of permafrost degradation on GUD by analyzing the long‐term trend of satellite‐based GUD in relation to permafrost degradation measured by the start of thaw (SOT) and active layer thickness (ALT). We found significant trends of advancing GUD, SOT, and thickening ALT (p < 0.05), with a spatially averaged slope of −2.1 days decade−1, −4.1 days decade−1, and +1.1 cm decade−1, respectively. Using partial correlation analyses, we found more than half of the regions with significantly negative correlations between spring temperature and GUD became nonsignificant after considering permafrost degradation. GUD exhibits dominant‐positive (37.6% vs. 0.6%) and dominant‐negative (1.8% vs. 35.1%) responses to SOT and ALT, respectively. Earlier SOT and thicker ALT would enhance soil water availability, thus alleviating water stress for vegetation green‐up. Based on sensitivity analyses, permafrost degradation was the dominant factor controlling GUD variations in 41.7% of the regions, whereas only 19.6% of the regions were dominated by other climatic factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and insolation). Our results indicate that GUDs were more sensitive to permafrost degradation than direct climate change in spring among different vegetation types, especially in high latitudes. This study reveals the significant impacts of permafrost degradation on vegetation GUD and highlights the importance of permafrost status in better understanding spring phenological responses to future climate change.
Multi‐model projections of tree species performance in Quebec, Canada under future climate change
Authors: Boulanger Yan , Pascual Jesus , Bouchard Mathieu , D'Orangeville Loïc , Périé Catherine , Girardin Martin P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany modelling approaches have been developed to project climate change impacts on forests. By analysing ‘comparable’ yet distinct variables (e.g. productivity, growth, dominance, biomass, etc.) through different structures, parameterizations and assumptions, models can yield different outcomes to rather similar initial questions. This variability can lead to some confusion for forest managers when developing strategies to adapt forest management to climate change. In this study, we standardized results from seven different models (Habitat suitability, trGam, StandLEAP, Quebec Landscape Dynamics, PICUS, LANDIS‐II and LPJ‐LMfire) to provide a simple and comprehensive assessment of the uncertainty and consensus in future performance (decline, status quo, improvement) for six tree species in Quebec under two radiative forcing scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). Despite a large diversity of model types, we found a high level of agreement (73.1%) in projected species' performance across species, regions, scenarios and time periods. Low agreements in model outcomes resulted from small dissensions among models. Model agreement was much higher for cold‐tolerant species (up to 99.9%), especially in southernmost forest regions and under RCP 8.5, indicating that these species are especially sensitive to increased climate forcing in the southern part of their distribution range. Lower agreement was found for thermophilous species (sugar maple, yellow birch) in boreal regions under RCP 8.5 mostly as a result of the way the different models are handling natural disturbances (e.g. wildfires) and lags in the response of populations (forest inertia or migration capability) to climate change. Agreement was slightly higher under high anthropogenic climate forcing, suggesting that important thresholds in species‐specific performance might be crossed if radiative forcing reach values as high as those projected under RCP 8.5. We expect that strong agreement among models despite their different assumptions, predictors and structure should inspire the development of forest management strategies to be better adapted to climate change.
Understanding and managing the interactive impacts of growth in urban land use and climate change on freshwater biota: A case study using the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Authors: Coleman Rhys A. , Chee Yung En , Bond Nick R. , Weeks Andrew , Griffiths Josh , Serena Melody , Williams Geoff A. , Walsh Christopher J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobally, urban expansion and climate change interact to threaten stream ecosystems and are accelerating the loss of aquatic biodiversity. Waterway managers urgently need tools to understand the potential combined impacts of urbanization and climate change and to identify effective mitigating management interventions for protecting freshwater biota. We address this challenge using the semi‐aquatic mammal the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) as a focal species. We developed high‐resolution environmental spatial data for stream networks and spatially explicit habitat suitability models (HSMs) to explore the impact of threats and to identify the combination of management actions most likely to maintain or improve habitat suitability over the next 50 years in greater Melbourne, Australia. We developed and evaluated platypus HSMs (males‐and‐females and females‐only) including validation using an independent environmental DNA data set. Platypus occurred more commonly in larger, cooler streams with greater catchment‐weighted discharge, following periods of greater stream flow. They were positively associated with near‐stream forest cover and negatively associated with annual air temperature and urban stormwater runoff. Extensive reductions in suitable platypus habitat are predicted to occur under urbanization and climate change scenarios, with the greatest threat expected from reduced streamflows. This emphasizes the importance of maintaining flow regimes as part of conserving platypus in the region; however, substantial additional benefit is predicted by concurrent riparian revegetation and urban stormwater management efforts (that also have the potential to contribute to the streamflow objectives). Provision of adequate streamflows in a future with increasing water demands and water security requirements will likely require creative integrated water management solutions. Our high‐resolution stream network and HSMs have allowed predictions of potential range‐shifts due to urban expansion and climate change impacts at management‐relevant scales and at the whole‐of‐landscape scale. This has enabled systematic strategic planning, priority action planning and target setting in strategic policy development.
Embodying feminism: Donor demands and bridgework in Cambodian nongovernmental organizations
Authors: Wilks Mary‐Collier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article illustrates how nongovernmental organization (NGO) workers in developing countries are pressured to present themselves as ideal feminist subjects to international donors. Previous research has highlighted the potential of NGOs to promote and support feminist change, but also the ways in which the agendas of such organizations are shaped by the demands of donors in the global North. Extending the literature on embodiment to investigate NGOs, this article introduces a new aspect of donor demands on NGO work: embodying feminism. Drawing from 30 in‐depth interviews and ethnographic observation in NGOs in Cambodia, I analyze two processes. First, I show how foreign donors demand specific presentations of self from Khmer NGO staff. Second, I analyze the ways in which Khmer employees make sense of these expectations, which require them to change their interaction style, manage their emotions, and transform their esthetic to present themselves as “good feminists” to donors. Documenting an understudied aspect of NGO work, I demonstrate how the visions of feminism and development promoted by international donors make demands on the bodies of Khmer workers.
Efficacy of an iodoform‐based filling material for pulpectomy of primary teeth: A 24‐month non‐inferiority randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bresolin Carmela R. , Marques Renata P. S. , Okamura Bruna , Costa Claudio , Moura‐Netto Cacio , Lara Juan S. , Mello‐Moura Anna Carolina V. , Mendes Fausto M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this non‐inferiority randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of an iodoform‐based paste (Guedes‐Pinto –(GP)) as a filling material in pulpectomies of primary teeth, and a standard material composed by calcium hydroxide and iodoform (CaOH/Iodof paste; Vitapex®).DesignA total of 104 teeth from 61 children (3–8 years old) were randomly allocated to two groups according to filling materials. Children were followed up for 24 months. The primary endpoint was the treatment success rate evaluated through clinical and radiographic examinations at follow‐up, and the secondary outcome was the analysis of the canal filling quality. Differences in the proportion of treatment success was calculated based on 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and with the Miettinen and Nurminen method in the intention‐to‐treat population, considering a −20% of the non‐inferiority limit.ResultsFrom 104 randomized teeth, 102 were followed up after 24 months (attrition rate of 1.9%). The success rate of teeth treated with the GP paste was 86.8% (95% CI: 69.9–94.9) and 78.4% (95% CI: 61.8–89.1) with the CaOH/Iodof paste. Consequently, a non‐inferiority of the GP paste was observed when compared to the CaOH/Iodof paste (P < .001).ConclusionThe GP paste has a non‐inferior success rate than the CaOH/Iodof paste used as filling material for pulpectomy in primary teeth.
Negative pressure wound therapy compared with conventional wound dressings for closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Dai Lingyan , Qi Yameng , Jiang Xixi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of negative pressure wound therapy compared with conventional wound dressings on closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. A systematic literature search up to October 2021 was done and 12 studies included 3555 subjects with closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery at the start of the study: 1833 of them were provided with negative pressure wound therapy and 1722 were conventional wound dressings. They were reporting relationships about the effect of negative pressure wound therapy compared with conventional wound dressings on closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effect of negative pressure wound therapy compared with conventional wound dressings on closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery using the dichotomous and continuous methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. Negative pressure wound therapy had significantly lower deep surgical site infection (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.88, P = .005), superficial surgical site infection (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11–0.49, P = .31), and wound dehiscence (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21–0.80, P = .009) compared with conventional wound dressings in subjects with closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. However, negative pressure wound therapy had no significant effect on the length of hospital stay (MD, 0.29; 95% CI, −2.00‐ 2.58, P = .80) compared with conventional wound dressings in subjects with closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. Negative pressure wound therapy had significantly lower deep surgical site infection, superficial surgical site infection, and wound dehiscence; however, negative pressure wound therapy had no beneficial effect on the length of hospital stay compared with conventional wound dressings in subjects with closed incisions in orthopaedic trauma surgery. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Reflections of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches on the distribution of phyllostomid bats in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Stevens Richard D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimEcological niches are complex and result from interactions with biotic and abiotic environments across the entire geographic range of species. One recent distinction is between Grinnellian niche characteristics that reflect influences at large spatial scales such as climate and Eltonian niche characteristics that reflect influences at the local level such as distribution of resources and their allocation among species. Aims of this research were to estimate Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics of phyllostomid bats distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest, examine degree of phylogenetic non‐independence of distribution and niche characteristics, and estimate the relative contribution of niche characteristics to distribution across this large Neotropical region.LocationThe Atlantic Forest.TaxonPhyllostomid bats.MethodsCanonical correlation analysis was used to characterize the association between Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics. Phylogenetic non‐independence of distribution and niche characteristics was estimated with phylogenetic eigenvector regression. Variation partitioning was used to distinguish relative contributions of Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics to the distribution of bats.ResultsGrinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics were strongly and significantly associated. Phylogenetic signal was weak for Grinnellian and strong for Eltonian niche characteristics. Both suites accounted for significant unique variation in the distribution of phyllostomid bats in the Atlantic Forest. Grinnellian niche characteristics accounted for more than five times the variation in distribution than Eltonian characteristics.Main ConclusionsDistinct Grinnellian and Eltonian perspectives on the niche provide valuable insights into the distribution of species. The degree to which these two different sets of characteristics account for distribution is likely scale dependent with Grinnellian characteristics more important at geographic spatial scales and Eltonian characteristics more important at local spatial scales. Grinnellian and Eltonian niches are important corollaries of α‐ and β‐ niches and their associated traits and similarities and differences in the two distinct concepts should be better explored across different taxa and geographic domains.
Update of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Jong E. , Lammerts M.U.P.A. , Genders R.E. , Bouwes Bavinck J.N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is rapidly increasing. A growing part of this patient group is formed by immunocompromised patients, for example organ‐transplant recipients (OTR). Although over 90% of the cSCC show a relatively harmless clinical behaviour, there is also a chance of developing advanced cSCC and metastases. Locally advanced cSCC are defined as cSCC that have locally advanced progression and are no longer amenable to surgery or radiation therapy. Better understanding of the clinical behaviour of cSCC is essential to discriminate between low‐ and high‐risk cSCC. Staging systems are important and have recently been improved. Genetic characterisation of SCC will likely become an important tool to help distinguish low and high‐risk cSCC with an increased potential to metastasise in the near future. Available treatments for high‐risk and advanced cSCC include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy with epidermal growth factor receptors inhibitors. Anti‐PD‐1 antibodies show promising results with response rates of up to 50% in both locally advanced and metastatic cSCC but, in its present form, is not suitable for OTR.
Reducing mental health disparities among racially and ethnically diverse populations: A review of couple and family intervention research methods (2010–2019)
Authors: Dwanyen Lekie , Holtrop Kendal , Parra‐Cardona Ruben 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRacially and ethnically diverse and globally underserved populations continue to experience mental health disparities. The goal of this review was to examine the extent to which diverse populations were included in couple and family intervention research over the past decade and whether these studies were conducted with attention to issues of diversity. We performed a review of 271 articles reviewed in the current special issue on the efficacy and effectiveness of couple and family interventions across 11 mental health topics. Overall, only 68 of the 271 (25%) articles included predominately racial/ethnic minority samples or globally underserved populations. Among articles (n = 60) describing US‐based research with racial/ethnic minority samples, there was a pattern of inattention to methodological considerations relevant to diverse populations. Although some progress was noted, more research is necessary. Specifically, we call for research that advances social justice by using critically conscious methods to promote mental health equity.
Hydromethylthionine enhancement of central cholinergic signalling is blocked by rivastigmine and memantine
Authors: Kondak Constantin , Riedel Gernot , Harrington Charles R. , Wischik Claude M. , Klein Jochen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe prevention of tau protein aggregations is a therapeutic goal for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and hydromethylthionine (HMT) (also known as leucomethylthioninium‐mesylate [LMTM]), is a potent inhibitor of tau aggregation in vitro and in vivo. In two Phase 3 clinical trials in AD, HMT had greater pharmacological activity on clinical endpoints in patients not receiving approved symptomatic treatments for AD (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and/or memantine) despite different mechanisms of action. To investigate this drug interaction in an animal model, we used tau‐transgenic L1 and wild‐type NMRI mice treated with rivastigmine or memantine prior to adding HMT, and measured changes in hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) by microdialysis. HMT given alone doubled hippocampal ACh levels in both mouse lines and increased stimulated ACh release induced by exploration of the open field or by infusion of scopolamine. Rivastigmine increased ACh release in both mouse lines, whereas memantine was more active in tau‐transgenic L1 mice. Importantly, our study revealed a negative interaction between HMT and symptomatic AD drugs: the HMT effect was completely eliminated in mice that had been pre‐treated with either rivastigmine or memantine. Rivastigmine was found to inhibit AChE, whereas HMT and memantine had no effects on AChE or on choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The interactions observed in this study demonstrate that HMT enhances cholinergic activity in mouse brain by a mechanism of action unrelated to AChE inhibition. Our findings establish that the drug interaction that was first observed clinically has a neuropharmacological basis and is not restricted to animals with tau aggregation pathology. Given the importance of the cholinergic system for memory function, the potential for commonly used AD drugs to interfere with the treatment effects of disease‐modifying drugs needs to be taken into account in the design of clinical trials.
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Diabetes nurse practitioners in the shadow of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Challenges, insights, and suggestions for improvement
Authors: Waizinger Orit , Shpigelman Miriam , Shental Rachel , Yunis Bushra , Shimoni Pnina , Od Cohen Yehudit , Kagan Ilya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe study examined the role of diabetes nurse practitioners (DiNPs) and their contribution to the quality of care of individuals with diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Specifically, we examined the benefits and barriers of using telemedicine for managing diabetes.DesignA descriptive qualitative research using content analysis of interviews.MethodsParticipants were invited through the National DiNPs’ Forum. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 24 licensed DiNPs (age range, 37–58 years) who were involved in the clinical care of individuals with diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, and content analysis was then used for extracting themes and their related categories.FindingsContent analysis revealed five themes: (a) Benefits and barriers of remote diabetes treatment; (b) Teamwork and its implications to DiNPs; (c) Technological challenges, resourcefulness, and creativity; (d) Changed perception of DiNP roles; and (e) Cultural diversity and improving communication skills. The benefits of telemedicine included improved control, efficiency, convenience and satisfaction, while the disadvantages of this method included the inability to provide optimal practical guidance on technical aspects of physical assessments and care. Sectors with limited digital literacy and language barriers had difficulties using telemedicine. Teamwork was reported as a facilitator to managing treatment. Telemedicine provided an opportunity for DiNPs to become more efficient and focused and to clearly define their role in the organization.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has posed new challenges. Along with the need to adapt the therapeutic approach to remote care, DiNPs improved their professional status, acquired new skills, and were satisfied with their personal and professional growth.Clinical relevanceTelemedicine should become an integral part of diabetes management to enable access to populations who cannot come to the clinic. Patients should be guided on using telemedicine platforms.
Association of placenta previa with placental size in Japanese women: A study from a single tertiary referral center
Authors: Kyozuka Hyo , Jin Toki , Fujimori Mimori , Matsuno Mariko , Nomura Shinji , Suzuki Daisuke , Fukuda Toma , Murata Tsuyoshi , Yasuda Shun , Yamaguchi Akiko , Nomura Yasuhisa , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThe effect of placenta previa on age‐specific placental size has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to examine the effect of placenta previa on the Japanese standardized z‐scores of placental size.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included Japanese participants from Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital with single pregnancies who gave birth during 2013–2019. The participants were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of placenta previa. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify the association of placenta previa with the z‐score of placental size, after adjusting for factors, such as maternal smoking status, maternal age, assisted reproductive technology, myoma uteri, uterine anomaly, maternal hypertension at the time of pregnancy, and body mass index before pregnancy.ResultsA total of 4071 Japanese women (76 with placenta previa and 3995 without placenta previa) were identified. Placenta previa significantly increased the placental weight z‐score (partial regression coefficient: 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.70, p < 0.001).ConclusionPlacenta previa increased the age‐specific placental size. Further studies are required to examine whether placenta previa is associated with the risk of obstetrics complications related to the placental size.