bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Efficacy of an Emotion Regulation Intervention on Physical Activity and Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Individuals in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Wierenga Kelly L. , Fresco David M. , Alder Megan , Sattar Abdus , Moore Shirley M. 
Published: July 2021

Background
For the 720 000 Americans expected to experience a new acute cardiac event this year, cardiac rehabilitation is an important part of recovery. Symptoms of depression and anxiety undermine recovery efforts, leaving recovering patients at risk for diminished functional capacity and heightened risk of mortality. Poor emotion regulation can worsen symptoms of depression and anxiety and hinder recovery efforts.

Objective
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the early efficacy testing of a theoretically based emotion regulation treatment (Regulating Emotions to Improve Self-management of Nutrition, Exercise, and Stress [RENEwS]) designed to assist survivors of an acute cardiac event in cardiac rehabilitation to optimize recovery.

Methods
Survivors of an acute cardiac event in cardiac rehabilitation (n = 30, 83% men) were randomized to five 1-hour in-person group sessions of RENEwS or a phone-based attention-control group. Participants completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms at 3 time points. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was objectively measured for 7 days at each time point using waist-worn actigraphy monitors. Between-group differences were calculated using analysis of variance with Cohen f effect sizes calculated to evaluate initial efficacy.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in depression, anxiety, or MVPA over time based on group assignment (all P > .05). Compared with attention control participants, in RENEwS participants, preliminary effects showed greater reductions in depression (Cohen f = 0.34) and anxiety (Cohen f = 0.40) symptoms but only modest improvements in MVPA from baseline to 5 months (Cohen f = 0.08).

Conclusions
Findings show that RENEwS is a promising emotion regulation intervention to enhance cardiac rehabilitation and potentially decrease symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Secondary pneumonias in critically ill patients with COVID-19: risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Povoa Pedro , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Nseir Saad 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current evidence of secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 patients, its incidence, risk factors and impact outcomes.

Recent findings
Early studies reported low incidence of hospital-acquired infections in COVID-19 patients. More recent large studies clearly showed that the incidence of secondary pneumonias was markedly high in patients under mechanical ventilation. Duration of mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, prone position and male sex were identified as risk factors. The adjunctive therapy with steroids and immunomodulators were associated with a higher risk of pneumonia and invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis. Although secondary pneumonias seemed to be associated with poor outcomes, namely mortality, in comparison with influenza, no difference was found in heterogeneity of outcomes. Immunosuppressive therapy has been studied in several observational and randomized trials with conflicting results and the true impact on superinfections, namely secondary pneumonias, has not been properly assessed.

Summary
According to the current evidence, COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of secondary pneumonias. The impact of immunosuppressive therapies on superinfections is yet to be determined. Further studies are needed to assess the true risk of secondary infections associated with immunosuppressive therapies and to identify preventive strategies.
The development of artificial livers
Authors: Misra Asish C. , Eckhoff Devin 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review
While liver transplantation is an established treatment for liver failure, the number of patients with liver failure amenable to such intervention far outnumbers the donor supply of livers. Technologies serving to bridge this gap are required. Artificial livers may serve as an alternative. In this review, we discuss the development of artificial liver technologies.

Recent findings
The accrued clinical data suggest that current liver assist devices may serve a role in specific liver diseases, but for the most part no survival benefit has been demonstrated. More clinical trials are expected to elucidate their utilization. Simultaneously, recent advances in materials and tissue engineering are allowing for exciting developments for novel artificial livers.

Summary
As there continues to be more clinical data regarding the use of current liver devices, new intricate artificial liver technologies, with the use of sophisticated three-dimensional materials, are being developed that may help improve outcomes of liver failure patients.
Obesity Increases the Risk of Hospital Readmission Following Intestinal Surgery for Children With Crohn Disease
Authors: Egberg Matthew D. , Galanko Joseph A. , Banegas Marcela , Roberson Mya , Strassle Paula D. , Phillips Michael , Kappelman Michael D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:Obese habitus can lead to adverse outcomes for colorectal surgeries due to technical challenges and pro‐inflammatory immune mediators associated with excess adipose tissue. Surgical planning, pre‐operative risk stratification, and patient counseling of pediatric Crohn disease (CD) patients are limited by the scarcity of data on this topic. We sought to determine the association between obesity and hospital readmission in children with CD undergoing intestinal resection.Methods:We used the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program‐Pediatric (NSQIP‐P) database to identify pediatric CD patients undergoing intestinal resection between 2012 and 2018. We calculated age‐ and sex‐adjusted body mass index (BMI) z scores using CDC population statistics. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between obesity and readmission compared to average‐BMI patients adjusting for age, race, sex, steroid exposure, disease activity, and surgery type.Results:We evaluated 1258 pediatric CD intestinal resections occurring between 2012 and 2018. Patients were predominantly adolescent (91%), white (84%), and male (56%). Those with average BMI comprised 50% of the cohort, 31% were underweight, 11% overweight, and 8% obese. The overall 30‐day hospital readmission rate was 8.8%. Compared to those with average BMI, obese children had a 2‐fold (adjusted odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.0–3.8) increase in risk of hospital readmission.Conclusions:Obese patients undergoing intestinal resection face a higher risk of 30‐day hospital readmission compared to average‐BMI patients. These results can inform pre‐surgical risk counseling and underscore the need for long‐term weight management strategies to aid in risk reduction for obese children with CD at risk of future surgery.
Progress Toward the 90-90-90 HIV Targets in Zimbabwe and Identifying Those Left Behind
Authors: Hakim Avi J. , Tippett Barr Beth A. , Kinchen Steven , Musuka Godfrey , Manjengwa Julius , Munyati Shungu , Gwanzura Lovemore , Mugurungi Owen , Ncube Getrude , Saito Suzue , Parekh Bharat S. , Patel Hetal , Duong Yen T. , Gonese Elizabeth , Sleeman Katrina , Ruangtragool Leala , Justman Jessica , Herman-Roloff Amy , Radin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
We present findings from the nationally representative Zimbabwe Population–based HIV Impact Assessment that characterize Zimbabwe's progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 targets.

Design:
We conducted a cross-sectional household survey.

Methods:
Consenting adults and children in the household were eligible to participate in Zimbabwe Population–based HIV Impact Assessment (October 2015–August 2016). Participants completed face-to-face interviews and provided blood for HIV, CD4, viral load, and syphilis testing. Viral load suppression (VLS) was defined as HIV RNA <1000 copies/mL. HIV-positive specimens were tested for the presence of selected antiretroviral drugs. Data were weighted. Analysis was restricted to HIV-positive adults aged 15–64 years.

Results:
We enrolled 11,098 men and 14,033 women aged 15–64 years. HIV prevalence was 14.1%. Of those living with HIV, 76.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74.9 to 78.7) were aware of their HIV status or had detectable antiretroviral levels. Of these, 88.4% (95% CI: 87.1 to 89.7) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and of these people, 85.3% (95% CI: 83.4 to 87.1) had VLS. Male sex age 15–34 years and having 1 or more sexual partners were associated with being unaware of one's HIV-positive status. Age <50 years and not taking cotrimoxazole were associated with being less likely to be being both aware and taking ART. Male sex, age <50 years, and taking cotrimoxazole were associated with being on ART but not having VLS.

Conclusions:
Zimbabwe has made great strides toward epidemic control. Focusing resources on case finding, particularly among men, people aged <35 years, and sexually active individuals can help Zimbabwe attain 90-90-90 targets.
Clinical Significance of Raynaud Phenomenon in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Barbacki Ariane , Rached-d'Astous Nour , Pineau Christian A. , Vinet Evelyne , Grenier Louis-Pierre , Kalache Fares , Fallavollita Sabrina , Lukusa Luck , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: July 2021

Objective
There are limited reports of the clinical significance of Raynaud phenomenon (RP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with some suggesting RP is associated with less severe lupus. Since most prior studies were small and/or focused on a specific race/ethnic demographic, it is unclear if those results are generalizable. We evaluated whether RP was associated with demographic and clinical factors in a large multiethnic SLE cohort.

Methods
We studied Montreal General Hospital SLE cohort patients who are followed with standardized annual assessments. We included patients with at least 1 visit across 2011–2018 and assessed demographic and clinical variables (using the 1997 American College of Rheumatology criteria and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index) at their first visit. We present multivariate logistics regression analyses of cross-sectional associations between these variables and RP in SLE.

Results
Of 489 SLE patients, most were female (n = 445, 91%). Mean age at SLE diagnosis was 31.5 (standard deviation, 13.5) years, and 169 (34.6%) had RP. In our fully adjusted model, female sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–6.03), White race/ethnicity (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.10–3.17), neurological/neuropsychiatric manifestations (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.10–3.56), and anti-RNP antibodies (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.73–5.38) were positively associated with RP, whereas hemolytic anemia and cellular casts were negatively associated.

Conclusions/Discussion
Over one third of our large multiethnic North American SLE cohort had RP. This study confirmed associations between RP and a specific SLE phenotype.
Whole-genome sequencing analysis of clozapine-induced myocarditis
Authors: Narang Ankita , Lacaze Paul , Ronaldson Kathlyn J , McNeil John J , Jayaram Mahesh , Thomas Naveen , Sellmer Rory , Crockford David , Stowe Robert , Greenway Steven C. , Pantelis Christos , Bousman Chad A 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTOne of the concerns limiting the use of clozapine in schizophrenia treatment is the risk of rare but potentially fatal myocarditis. Our previous genome-wide association study and human leucocyte antigen analyses identified putative loci associated with clozapine-induced myocarditis. However, the contribution of DNA variation in cytochrome P450 genes, copy number variants and rare deleterious variants have not been investigated. We explored these unexplored classes of DNA variation using whole-genome sequencing data from 25 cases with clozapine-induced myocarditis and 25 demographically-matched clozapine-tolerant control subjects. We identified 15 genes based on rare variant gene-burden analysis (MLLT6, CADPS, TACC2, L3MBTL4, NPY, SLC25A21, PARVB, GPR179, ACAD9, NOL8, C5orf33, FAM127A, AFDN, SLC6A11, PXDN)nominally associated (p<0.05) with clozapine-induced myocarditis. Of these genes, 13 were expressed in human myocardial tissue. Although independent replication of these findings is required, our study provides preliminary insights into the potential role of rare genetic variants in susceptibility to clozapine-induced myocarditis.
Major sex differences in migraine prevalence among occupational categories: a cross-sectional study using UK Biobank
Authors: Affatato Oreste , Miguet Maud , Schiöth Helgi B. , Mwinyi Jessica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMigraine represents one of the most prevalent neurological conditions worldwide. It is a disabling condition with high impact on the working situation of migraineurs. Interestingly, gender-related differences regarding an association of migraine with important occupational characteristics has been hardly studied. The current study scrutinizes gender-specific differences in the prevalence of migraine across a broad spectrum of occupational categories, shedding also light on associations with important job-related features such as shift work, job satisfaction, and physical activity. The study included data from 415 712 participants from the UK Biobank cohort, using the official ICD10 diagnosis of migraine and other health conditions as selection criteria. Prevalence ratios of migraineurs compared to healthy controls among different occupational categories and job-related variables were estimated using log-binomial regression analyses. Statistical models were adjusted for important sociodemographic features such as age, BMI, ethnicity, education and neuroticism. To better highlight specific differences between men and women we stratified by sex. We detected a differential prevalence pattern in relation to different job categories between men and women. Especially in men, migraine appears to be more prevalent in highly physically demanding occupations (PR 1.38, 95% CI [0.93, 2.04]). Furthermore, migraine is also more prevalent in jobs that frequently involve shift or night shift work compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, this prevalence is especially high in women (shift work PR 1.45, 95% CI [1.14, 1.83], night shift work PR 1.46, 95% CI [0.93, 2.31]). Our results show that higher migraine prevalence is associated with physically demanding jobs and shift working.
Outbreak of P.3 (Theta) SARS-CoV-2 emerging variant of concern among service workers in Louisiana
Authors: Rose Rebecca , Nolan David J. , LaFleur Tessa M. , Lamers Susanna L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIn May, 2021, during routine oil and gas industrial quarantine/premobilization procedures, four individuals who recently arrived to Louisiana from the Philippines tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Subsequent genomic analysis showed that all were infected with a Variant of Interest (P.3-Theta). This increases the number of known P.3 infections in the United States to eleven and highlights the importance of genomic surveillance within industries that are prone to rapidly spread the infection.
Photoacoustic-MR Image Registration Based on a Co-Sparse Analysis Model to Compensate for Brain Shift
Authors: Farnia Parastoo , Makkiabadi Bahador , Alimohamadi Maysam , Najafzadeh Ebrahim , Basij Maryam , Yan Yan , Mehrmohammadi Mohammad , Ahmadian Alireza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBrain shift is an important obstacle to the application of image guidance during neurosurgical interventions. There has been a growing interest in intra-operative imaging to update the image-guided surgery systems. However, due to the innate limitations of the current imaging modalities, accurate brain shift compensation continues to be a challenging task. In this study, the application of intra-operative photoacoustic imaging and registration of the intra-operative photoacoustic with pre-operative MR images is proposed to compensate for brain deformation. Finding a satisfactory registration method is challenging due to the unpredictable nature of brain deformation. In this study, the co-sparse analysis model is proposed for photoacoustic -MR image registration, which can capture the interdependency of the two modalities. The proposed algorithm works based on the minimization of the mapping transform via a pair of analysis operators that are learned by the alternating direction method of multipliers. The method was evaluated using experimental phantom and ex-vivo data obtained from the mouse brain. The results of phantom data show about 63% improvement in target registration error in comparison with the commonly used normalized mutual information method. Results proved that intra-operative photoacoustic images could become a promising tool when the brain shift invalidated pre-operative MRI.
The human nose organoid respiratory virus model: an ex-vivo human challenge model to study RSV and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and evaluate therapeutics
Authors: Rajan Anubama , Weaver Ashley Morgan , Aloisio Gina Marie , Jelinski Joseph , Johnson Hannah L. , Venable Susan F. , McBride Trevor , Aideyan Letisha , Piedra Felipe-Andrés , Ye Xunyan , Melicoff-Portillo Ernestina , Yerramilli Malli Rama Kanthi , Zeng Xi-Lei , Mancini Michael A , Stossi Fabio , Maresso Anthony W. , Kotkar Shalaka A. , Estes Mary K. , Blutt Sarah , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Piedra Pedro A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is an unmet need for pre-clinical models to understand the pathogenesis of human respiratory viruses; and predict responsiveness to immunotherapies. Airway organoids can serve as an ex-vivo human airway model to study respiratory viral pathogenesis; however, they rely on invasive techniques to obtain patient samples. Here, we report a non-invasive technique to generate human nose organoids (HNOs) as an alternate to biopsy derived organoids. We made air liquid interface (ALI) cultures from HNOs and assessed infection with two major human respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infected HNO-ALI cultures recapitulate aspects of RSV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, including viral shedding, ciliary damage, innate immune responses, and mucus hyper-secretion. Next, we evaluated the feasibility of the HNO-ALI respiratory virus model system to test the efficacy of palivizumab to prevent RSV infection. Palivizumab was administered in the basolateral compartment (circulation) while viral infection occurred in the apical ciliated cells (airways), simulating the events in infants. In our model, palivizumab effectively prevented RSV infection in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, the HNO-ALI model can serve as an alternate to lung organoids to study respiratory viruses and testing therapeutics.
Chemogenetic Inhibition of Corticostriatal Circuits Reduces Cued Reinstatement of Methamphetamine Seeking
Authors: Kearns Angela M. , Siemsen Benjamin M. , Hopkins Jordan L. , Weber Rachel A. , Scofield Michael D. , Peters Jamie , Reichel Carmela M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMethamphetamine (meth) causes enduring changes within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NA). Projections from the mPFC to the NA have a distinct dorsal-ventral distribution, with the prelimbic (PL) mPFC projecting to the NAcore, and the infralimbic (IL) mPFC projecting to the NAshell. Inhibition of these circuits has opposing effects on cocaine relapse. Inhibition of PL-NAcore reduces cued reinstatement of cocaine seeking and IL-NAshell inhibition reinstates cocaine seeking. Meth, however, exhibits a different profile, as pharmacological inhibition of either the PL or IL decrease cued reinstatement of meth-seeking. The potentially opposing roles of the PL-NAcore and IL-NAshell projections remain to be explored in the context of cued meth seeking. Here we used an intersectional viral vector approach that employs a retrograde delivery of Cre from the NA and Cre-dependent expression of DREADD in the mPFC, in both male and female rats to inhibit or activate these parallel pathways. Inhibition of the PL-NAcore circuit reduced cued reinstatement of meth seeking under short and long-access meth self-administration and after withdrawal with and without extinction. Inhibition of the IL-NAshell also decreased meth cued reinstatement. Activation of the parallel circuits was without an effect. These studies show that inhibition of the PL-NAcore or the IL-NAshell circuits can inhibit reinstated meth seeking. Thus, the neural circuitry mediating cued reinstatement of meth seeking is similar to cocaine in the dorsal, but not ventral, mPFC-NA circuit.
Comparative analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellite markers for parentage verification and discovery within the equine Thoroughbred breed
Authors: Flynn P. , Morrin-O’Donnell R. , Weld R. , Gargan L. M. , Carlsson J. , Daly S. , Suren H. , Siddavatam P. , Gujjula K. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShort tandem repeat (STR), also known as microsatellite markers are currently used for genetic parentage verification within equine. Transitioning from STR to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to perform equine parentage verification is now a potentially feasible prospect and a key area requiring evaluation is parentage testing accuracies when using SNP based methods, in comparison to STRs. To investigate, we utilised a targeted equine genotyping by sequencing (GBS) panel of 562 SNPs to SNP genotype 309 Thoroughbred horses - inclusive of 55 previously parentage verified offspring. Availability of STR profiles for all 309 horses, enabled comparison of parentage accuracies between SNP and STR panels. An average sample call rate of 97.2% was initially observed, and subsequent removal of underperforming SNPs realised a pruned final panel of 516 SNPs. Simulated trio and partial parentage scenarios were tested across 12-STR, 16-STR, 147-SNP and 516-SNP panels. False-positives (i.e. expected to fail parentage, but pass) ranged from 0% for 147-SNP and 516-SNP panels to 0.003% when using 12-STRs within trio parentage scenarios, and 0% for 516-SNPs to 1.6% for 12-STRs within partial parentage scenarios. Our study leverages targeted GBS methods to generate low-density equine SNP profiles and demonstrates the value of SNP based equine parentage analysis in comparison to STRs - particularly when performing partial parentage discovery.