bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal obstruction in a tertiary care centre in India: are the differences with the Western experience becoming less?
Authors: Jena Suvendu Sekhar , Obili Ravi Chandra Reddy , Das Sri Aurobindo Prasad , Bhavsar Ruchir , Solanki Sanket , Nundy Samiran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with intestinal obstruction consist of a major proportion of emergency room visits and the complication is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It has a diverse etiology and varies from region to country. In developed countries it is mainly due to adhesions and in developing countries due to obstructed hernias. Although there are numerous studies from the western world there have been few recent publications from the developing world. Method: We retrospectively analyzed all the patients admitted for intestinal obstruction to our department from January 1996 to December 2019. Their demographic data, duration of symptoms before presenting to the hospital and duration of stay before surgery in the hospital were noted along with cause and level of obstruction. The type of procedure, any post-operative complications, mortality or re-exploration were also noted. Post-operative complications were graded as per Clavien Dindo classification. Results: A total of 986 patients presented with intestinal obstruction during this period out of which 743 patients underwent surgery. There were 429 (57.74%) males 314 (42.26%) females who had a mean age of 50.1 years (range 11 to 96 years). The commonest cause of obstruction was adhesions in 273 (36.7%) followed by carcinoma [130(17.5%)], tuberculosis [111(14.9%)], stricture [94(12.7%)] and hernia (5.4%) patients. Colorectal surgery was the most common previous procedure in the adhesive group [85(31.1%)]. Colon cancer was the common cause in carcinoma group. Ileum was the most common site of obstruction [329(44.3%)]. The overall operative mortality was 41 (5.5%). Conclusion: Postoperative adhesions are now the commonest cause of intestinal obstruction in our referral center with a comparable mortality rate with western reports. Though the etiology of intestinal obstruction is shifting towards the western pattern, tuberculosis, obstructed inguinal hernia still consists a major chunk of patients in developing countries.
Potential Landfill Site Suitability Study for Environmental Sustainability using RS-GIS &amp; MCDA
Authors: Ahire Vishal , Saxena Manoj , Patil Swati , Endait Mahesh , Behera Dhiroj Kumar , Poduri Harshitha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Because of the increasing population and more waste generation, the area required for the disposal of MSW increases. Sanitary Landfill is one of the important method used for the disposal of MSW. The problem faced during new landfill sitting and availability of land is also increased simultaneously. Optimization of landfill sitting shows the prime importance at the environmental, social, and economic levels. The present work is carried out for the Solid Waste Management plant of Nashik Municipal Corporation (MH) India. As the landfill site is on the verge of the closure period, new landfill sitting identification is essential with consideration of all criteria to reduce environmental degradation and improve the standard of living of people nearby vicinity. This study aims to identify potential landfill sites for the year 2021 and the upcoming 25-year period, using a Remote Sensing (RS) - Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Fifteen parameters were considered while selecting a potential landfill site i.e., geomorphology, hydrogeology, distance to road, drainage, lineament, slope, LULC, distance to water bodies, population density used for AHP-MCDA. Airport, water bodies, road, habitation are used for restriction buffer analysis and aspect, while the wind rose diagram used for final site suitability. The weights of the 9 parameters were obtained from a constructed AHP matrix with a consistency ratio of 0.05557.During the study restricted zones were omitted. Afterward, the threshold limit and selection criteria were used for potential site selection. The study revealed several potential landfill sites and their suitability. Furthermore, the landfill area required for upcoming years is calculated based on the projected population, and the result of the potential landfill sites map shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results from this work showed the effectiveness of potential landfill site suitability for Environmental Sustainability in the selection process.
The Economic Burden of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Iran
Authors: Alipour Vahid , Rad Soroush , Mezginejad Fateme , Dolatshahi Zeinab , Jahangiri Reza , nargesi shahin , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah , Meshkani Zahra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCancer imposes a significant economic burden on the health system and society. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the third deadliest leukemia and is one of the leading health problems worldwide. The present study aims to estimate the economic burden of AML in Iran for 2020.MethodsIn this study, we estimated a prevalence-based on the cost-of-illness of the AML in Iran. A societal perspective was considered, in which the direct costs and productivity losses with the adoption of the human capital approach in the AML cases were estimated for 2020. Moreover, in the present study, several resources including national cancer registry reports, hospital records, occupational data, and interviews with experts were cited.ResultApproximately 98% of patients with AML received induction therapy. The AML economic burden was $ 33243107.39. Indirect costs accounted for 60% of this amount, and direct medical costs made up for 19% of this estimated economic burden.ConclusionThe economic burden of AML in Iran is very significant and due to the increasing prevalence of this disease, it is expected to increase more gradually. Awareness of the costs associated with this disease provides a great opportunity for policymakers and managers of the health systems to improve resource allocation efficiently.
GABAergic-like dopamine synapses in the brain
Authors: Kim Jae-Ick , Kim Hyun-Jin , Hwang Byungjae , Reva Maria , Lee Jieun , Lee Byeong Eun , Lee Youngeun , Myung Kyungjae , Baik Ja-Hyun , Park Jung-Hoon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dopaminergic axons originate in the midbrain and establish widely spread synapses throughout the brain. Synaptic transmission at these synapses plays a crucial role for volitional movement and reward-related behaviors, while dysfunction of dopamine (DA) synapses causes various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Despite this significance, the true nature of brain-wide spatial and functional features of DA synapses remains poorly understood due to difficulties defining functional DA synapses at the molecular and physiological levels. Here we show that DA synapses are structured and function like GABAergic synapses in the mouse brain with marked regional heterogeneity. DA transmission is strongly correlated with GABA co-transmission at DA synapses across the brain areas. In addition, functional DA synapses possess GABAergic postsynaptic markers and are unevenly distributed throughout the brain with distinct spatial clustering. In the dorsal striatum, GABAergic-like DA synapses are uniquely clustered on the dendrites and GABA transmission at DA synapses has disparate physiological properties. Remarkably, the attenuation of GABA co-transmission precedes deficits in dopaminergic transmission in animal model of Parkinsonism. Our findings unravel distinct spatial and functional nature of GABAergic-like DA synapses in health and disease. Furthermore, the broader implication of our results is that GABAergic-like features of DA synapses can be utilized to better understand the real complexity of synaptic actions at DA synapses in regulating neural circuits.
Knowledge and Expectations of Perinatal Care Among Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lim Caleb Chun Wei , Goh Marlene Samantha Sze Minn , Chua Ka-Hee , Seet Meei Jiun , Tay Siew Guek , Mathur Manisha , Kong Juin Yee , Yeo Kee Thai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and expectations of pregnant women on perinatal and neonatal care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to pregnant women attending antenatal clinics between August and September 2020 via a secure online platform. Participants aged ≥21 years without a history of confirmed COVID-19 were included. The survey consisted of 10 questions which evaluated the knowledge and expectations on perinatal and neonatal care during the current pandemic. Results: A total of 313 pregnant women completed the survey. The mean age of the participants was 30 years (SD 4; range 22-43 years). The median gestational age was 25 weeks (range 4-40 weeks). The participants were predominantly multiparous (54%) and almost all (98%) had completed secondary level education. Majority of participants were aware of the spread of COVID-19 by respiratory secretions and contact (90%), and the importance of prevention strategies (94%). Up to 72% agreed or strongly agreed that in-utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was possible. Most were unsure of the optimal mode of delivery (77%) and only 22% believed that breastfeeding was safe in a pregnant woman with active COVID-19. There was no significant association between the sociodemographic factors evaluated and maternal agreement with the possibility of in-utero SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the risk associated with vaginal delivery in women with COVID-19. Although 46% of participants were concerned about the increased risk of contracting COVID-19 during routine clinic appointments, only 37% of the cohort were agreeable with teleconferencing of clinic appointments. More than half (56%) of the participants reported that their postnatal confinement plans were affected by the current pandemic. Conclusions: Our survey revealed that majority of participants were aware of modes of transmission, prevention strategies and in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Significant gaps were identified in their knowledge related to method of delivery and safety of breastfeeding, along with significant variability to the agreement with alterations to the perinatal care. For best practice we recommend provision of evidence-based information early to expectant mothers by the healthcare professionals to reduce misinformation and anxiety amongst pregnant women.
Elucidating the Photoluminescence Quenching in Ensulizole: An Artificial Water Soluble Sunscreen
Authors: Mubeen Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad Adnan , Mukhtar Maria , Shahrum Saba , Zahra Shanila , Shabbir Saima , Iqbal Azhar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Employing natural or artificial sunscreens is essential to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiations that cause premature aging and develop melanoma and other forms of skin cancer. The 2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, commonly known as ensulizole is a water-soluble artificial sunscreen that absorbs mostly UV-B (280 nm − 315 nm) radiations and protects the skin against the harmful effects of these radiations. Steady-state absorption indicates a strong absorption feature at 303 nm and a weak at 316 nm that have been identified as π → π* and n → π* transitions, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate that the PL of ensulizole is less Stokes-shifted in polar solvents and more Stokes-shifted in non-polar solvents. The average PL lifetime of ensulizole is longer in non-polar solvents as compared to polar solvents and it exhibits the shortest PL lifetime in aqueous medium that signifies its efficiency in water. This suggests in non-polar solvents intersystem crossing is the dominant mode of relaxation of the excited ππ* state. Furthermore, an increase of pH of ensulizole solution decreases the PL intensity and the lifetime. Stern-Volmer equation is employed to evaluate bimolecular quenching rate constant kq that suggests the diffusional dynamic mode of PL quenching is operative.
The Sakaguchi-Kuramoto Model in Presence of Asymmetric Interactions That Break Rotational Symmetry.
Authors: M Manoranjani , Gupta Shamik , K Chandrasekar V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The celebrated Kuramoto model provides an analytically tractable framework to study spontaneous collective synchronization, and comprises globally coupled limit-cycle oscillators interacting symmetrically with one another. The Sakaguchi-Kuramoto model is a generalization of the basic model that considers the presence of a phase-lag parameter in the interaction, thereby making it asymmetric between oscillator pairs. Here, we consider a further generalization, by adding an interaction that breaks the rotational symmetry of the model. The highlight of our study is the unveiling of a very rich phase diagram comprising both oscillatory and non-oscillatory synchronized phases as well as an incoherent phase: There are regions of two-phase as well as an interesting and hitherto unexplored three-phase coexistence arising from asymmetric interactions in our model.
P2X7 on mast cells participates in peripheral pain and serves as a potential target for salicylic acid and aspirin analgesia
Authors: Jiang Yucui , Ye Fan , Du Ying , Tang Zongxiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Extracellular ATP signaling through excitatory and calcium-permeable P2X receptor channels is considered as a critical player in pain generation and maintenance. P2X7 has attracted much attention over the past decade because of its prominent role in driving inflammatory processes. The role of P2X7 in mast cells in peripheral pain remains unclear.Methods P2X expression in mouse peritoneal mast cells was detected by RT-PCR. The subtypes of P2X receptors in mouse peritoneal mast cells were determined with a series of blockers by using calcium imaging and electrophysiology. The regulation of inflammatory factors mediated by different P2X subtypes were detected by ELISA and real-time PCR. The role of mast cells and P2X7 receptor in peripheral pain was explored by behavioral assays, pathological analysis and real-time PCR. Several anti-inflammatory small molecules were screened based on P2X7 in mast cells by using calcium imaging, electrophysiology and molecular docking.Results We found that ATP was significantly increased in inflammatory pain. Mouse peritoneal mast cells expressed P2X1, P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 and could be activated by different concentrations of extracellular ATP, which could be blocked by specific ion channel antagonists. In particularly, high concentration of ATP could induce mast cells to release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, IL-1β and CCL3 through P2X7 receptor. Furthermore, peripheral pain induced by high concentration of ATP could be alleviated by P2X7 blockers or mast cell defects. Interestingly, salicylic acid and aspirin could attenuate the inward current, the release of inflammatory factors and peripheral pain induced by ATP with high concentration. Furthermore, salicylic acid and aspirin also inhibited the inward current evoked by P2X7 agonist BZATP. Molecular docking results showed that salicylic acid and aspirin had affinity to the cytoplasmic GDP-binding region of P2X7.Conclusions We concluded that P2X7 on mast cells involved in peripheral pain. Salicylic acid and aspirin could inhibit the activity of P2X7 via interacting with the GDP binding region. P2X7 receptor was a potential target for salicylic acid and aspirin analgesia.
Laser isotope separation of 176Lu through off-the-shelf lasers
Authors: Suryanarayana Mv , Sankari Manda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose a novel and simple method for the laser isotope separation of 176Lu a precursor for the production of177Lu medical isotope. The physics of the laser-atom interaction has been studied through the dynamics of the atomic level populations using the density matrix formalism. It has been shown that a combination of cw excitation lasers and pulsed ionization laser can be used for the laser isotope separation of 176Lu. The optimum conditions for the efficient and selective separation of 176Lu have been derived by studying the time evolution of level population under laser excitation. It has also been shown that, it is possible to produce ~100% enriched 176Lu isotope at a rate of 5 mg / hour, which is higher than all previously reported methods so far. The isotope separation process proposed can be easily adopted using off-the-shelf lasers, for similar atomic systems.
Prioritising Interventions for Preventing Mental Health Problems for Children Experiencing Adversity: a Modified Nominal Group Technique Australian Consensus Study
Authors: Hall Teresa , Honisett Suzy , Paton Kate , Loftus Hayley , Constable Leanne , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the well-established link between childhood adversity and mental health problems, there is a dearth of evidence to inform decision making about the most acceptable and feasible interventions for preventing mental health problems for children experiencing adversity. Expert consensus is an important input into evidence-informed policy and practice but is often employed at the national level which misses important local contextual factors shaping decision making. This study aimed to: (1) reach consensus on local priority interventions for preventing mental health problems for children living with adversity in Wyndham, Victoria; and (2) understand the enabling factors and barriers to implementing these interventions. Methods: This study employed six online modified nominal group technique (NGT) workshops with 19 stakeholders; intersectoral service providers from health, social and education sectors and caregivers of children aged 0-8 years. Results: Three interventions reached consensus among the mixed stakeholder groups as being a high or very high priority for implementation in Wyndham: nurse home visiting, parenting programs and community-wide programs. Key rationales were the ability for these interventions to act as a gateway for families to increase their knowledge about topics immediately relevant to them (i.e. parenting), increase their knowledge about available supports and build relationships with service providers.Conclusions: Local priorities for preventing mental health problems for children living with adversity emphasized relational approaches to service provision and were shaped by the availability of existing interventions and supports in the locality. The NGT was found to be an effective method for prioritising evidence-based practice interventions in health settings, engaging local stakeholders, and identifying enablers and barriers to implementation.
Effects of Environmental Aging on The Durability of Wood-Flour Filled Recycled PET/PA6 Wood Plastic Composites
Authors: Chiang Chin-Lung , Li Yi-Luen , Shen Ming-Yuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Outdoor building materials made of wood require preservatives containing chromated copper arsenate and other carcinogenic substances but still are subject to decay, hence they need to be replaced every few years. Wood plastic composite (WPC) is a novel environmental-friendly composite of wood flour/fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymers (i.e. plastic). As WPC is made of plastic to evenly cover the wood flour, it has a lower moisture content than wood. In this study, maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin (POE-g-ma) and methyl metharylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer (MBS) were used as impact modifiers to prepare recycled WPCs (rWPCs) from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) and recycled polyamide 6 (rPA6) blends (PET/PA6). The thermal properties of the WPCs with different mixing ratio polymer blends of rPET to rPA6 (E60/A40, E50/A50, and E40/A60) were investigated, as well as their mechanical properties after accelerated weathering. Furthermore, the creep property of rWPC was also investigated under different applied loading and environmental aging conditions. The higher PET content resulted in lower flowability and a higher initial decomposition temperature, with the E60/A40 rWPC having better mechanical properties. During the 10-hour creep test, the rWPC strain changed significantly with environmental aging and higher loadings. In conclusion, the rWPC composed of 60:40 PET to PA6 is more suitable for outdoor building applications.
Delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance simulation imaging for prone radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery: Assessing its application in lumpectomy cavity delineation based on deformable image registration
Authors: Zhao changhui , Li Jianbin , Wang Wei , Gong Guanzhong , Xu Liang , Zhang Yingjie , Li Fengxiang , Shao Qian , Wang Jinzhi , Liu Xijun , Xu Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The application of delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance (DE-MR) simulation imaging in lumpectomy cavity (LC) delineation for prone radiotherapy in patients with an invisible seroma or a low seroma clarity score (SCS) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) based on deformable image registration (DIR) was assessed.
Methods

Twenty-six patients who were suitable for radiotherapy in prone positions after BCS were enrolled, and both computed tomography (CT) and DE-MR simulation scans were acquired. The LC delineated based on titanium surgical clips on CT images was denoted as LCCT. The LC delineated based on the signal of cavity boundaries on fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and multiphase delayed-enhancement T1-weighted imaging (DE-T1WI), which was performed at 2 min, 5 min and 10 min postinjection, were denoted as LCT2, LC2T1, LC5T1 and LC10T1, respectively. Afterwards, DIR was performed to compare the volumes and locations of the LCs with MIM software. The generalized conformity index (CIgen) of inter (intra) observer (Inter-CIgen and Intra-CIgen) was also used to explore the inter(intra) observer variation for LC delineation on each image modality.
Results

LCCT-LC10T1 provided the best conformal index (CI) and degree of inclusion (DI), increasing by 2.08% and 4.48% compared to LCCT-LCT2, 11.36% and 2.94% for LCCT-LC2T1, and 8.89% and 7.69% for LC5T1-LCCT, respectively. The center of mass (COM) of LCCT-LC10T1 decreased by 17.86%, 6.12% and 13.21% compared with that of LCCT-LCT2, LCCT-LC2T1 and LCCT-LC5T1, respectively. The agreement of LC delineation was strongest for 10th min DE-TIWI (coefficient of variation, COV = 2.30%, Inter-CIgen = 87.06%, Intra-CIgen = 92.64%).
Conclusion

For patients with a low SCS (SCS ≤ 2) after BCS, it is feasible to contour the LC based on prone DE-MR simulation images. Furthermore, the LC derived from prone DE-T1WI at 10 min was found to be most similar to that derived from prone CT simulation scans using titanium surgical clips regardless of the volume and location of the LC. Inter(intra)variability was minimal for the delineation of the LC based on 10th min DE-TIWI.