bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Synthesis, Configurational Assignment and Biological Evaluations of the Lipid Mediator RvD2n‐3 DPA
Authors: Reinertsen Amalie F. , Primdahl Karoline G. , De Matteis Roberta , Dalli Jesmond , Hansen Trond V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein we report the first total synthesis of RvD2n‐3 DPA, an endogenously formed mediator biosynthesized from the omega‐3 fatty acid n‐3 docosapentaenoic acid. The key steps are the Midland Alpine borane reduction, Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions, and a Z‐selective alkyne reduction protocol, yielding RvD2n‐3 DPA methyl ester in 13 % yield over 12 steps (longest linear sequence). The physical property data (UV chromophore, chromatography and MS/MS fragmentation) of the synthetic lipid mediator matched those obtained from biologically produced material. Moreover, synthetic RvD2n‐3 DPA also carried the potent biological activities of enhancing macrophage uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and zymosan A bioparticles.
Doubly‐Reduced Pentacene in Different Coordination Environments: X‐ray Crystallographic and Theoretical Insights into Structural and Electronic Changes
Authors: Pennachio Matthew , Zhou Zheng , Wei Zheng , Liu Shuyang , Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChemical reduction of pentacene (C22H14, 1) with Group 1 metals ranging from Li to Cs revealed that 1 readily undergoes a two‐fold reduction to afford a doubly‐reduced 12− anion in THF. With the help of 18‐crown‐6 ether used as a secondary coordinating agent, five π‐complexes of 12− with different alkali metal counterions have been isolated and fully characterized. This series of complexes enables the first evaluation of alkali‐metal ion binding patterns and structural changes of the 12− dianion based on the crystallographically confirmed examples. The difference in coordination of the smallest Li+ ion vs. heavier Group 1 congeners has been demonstrated. In addition, the use of benzo‐15‐crown‐5 in the reaction of 1 with Na metal allowed the isolation of the unique solvent‐separated ion product with a “naked” dianion, 12−. The detailed structural analyses of the series revealed the C−C bond alteration and core deformation of pentacene upon two‐fold reduction and complexation. The negative charge localization at the central six‐membered ring of 12− identified by theoretical calculations corroborates with the X‐ray crystallographic results. Subsequent in‐depth theoretical analysis provided a detailed description of changes in the electronic structure and aromaticity of pentacene upon reduction.
Synthesis of Stimuli‐Responsive Block Copolymers and Block Copolymer Nano‐assemblies
Authors: Liu Yuan , Sun Yu , Zhang Wangqing 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryBlock copolymers have aroused much interest, and their application has been rapidly expanded. In recent years, our group has committed to exploring synthesis and self‐assembly of block copolymers. We have designed and synthesized several new thermo‐responsive polymers and photo‐responsive polymers by living/controlled radical polymerization (LCRP) and investigated their stimuli‐responsive properties. Aiming at convenient and efficient synthesis of block copolymer nano‐assemblies, we have developed several methods based on polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA). Herein, we give a short summary of our research in these years. The aim of this account is to stimulate innovative synthesis strategies of block copolymer nano‐assemblies, and promote more scientific research cooperation to face the exciting opportunities and challenges encountered in block copolymers.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Thermo‐responsive polymers based on dialkylamine groups may be the such thing. It is found that the dialkylamine groups especially the diethylamine group act the predominant role to the thermo‐response, and based on this finding several new thermo‐responsive polymers and stimuli‐responsive block copolymer nano‐assemblies have been synthesized.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?Since 2004 I got Ph.D. degree in polymer chemistry and physics from Nankai University, I began my research mainly on polymer chemistry tillnow. I think it the most important to focus on a topic useful in science or in practical application, which helps to maintain interest continuously.How do you supervise your students?It is a good way to discuss with students timely and deeply.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Hard work and keen interest.What are your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?I like flower farming and fishing. When I retire, I think I will be a good farmer.Who influences you mostly in your life?My parents. They are simple, kind hearted and hardworking.
Climate mediates long‐term impacts of rodent exclusion on desert plant communities
Authors: Maron John L. , Lightfoot David C. , Rodriguez‐Cabal Mariano A. , Collins Scott L. , Rudgers Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDetermining how climate affects biotic interactions can improve understanding of drivers of context‐dependence and inform predictions of how interactions may influence plants under future climates. In arid environments, the community‐level impacts of seed predators may depend strongly on aridity; yet, long‐term studies documenting impacts of granivores on plant communities over variable climate conditions remain scarce. We evaluated how rodent exclusion interacted with climate to influence grassland and shrubland forb communities and the community‐scale distribution of seed mass over 15 years in the climatically variable northern Chihuahuan Desert. In this dynamic system, two seasonally distinct plant community phases occur annually, one in spring and the other during the summer monsoon. Rodent exclusion significantly altered the community composition of monsoon season plant communities in both grassland and shrubland, but did not affect spring plant composition. Rodents suppressed the abundance of larger‐seeded forb species and promoted smaller‐seeded species. As a consequence, rodent exclusion increased community seed mass (CWM) in monsoon forb communities, most strongly in grassland. The magnitude of impacts of rodents on seed mass varied substantially from year‐to‐year, tracking variation in climate. Specifically, rodent exclusion increased community mean seed mass the most in dry years (grassland) or in years following dry years (shrubland). Rodent exclusion had relatively weak effects on plant species diversity and richness. Our results indicate that climate interacts with the presence of rodents to structure not only the composition but also the traits of desert plant communities.
Heart failure with preserved, mid‐range, and reduced ejection fraction across health care settings: an observational study
Authors: de Boer Annemarijn R. , Vaartjes Ilonca , Gohar Aisha , Valk Mark J.M. , Brugts Jasper J. , Boonman‐de Winter Leandra J.M. , van Riet Evelien E. , van Mourik Yvonne , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Linssen Gerard C.M. , Hoes Arno W. , Bots Michiel L. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Rutten Frans H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess the sex‐specific distribution of heart failure (HF) with preserved, mid‐range, and reduced ejection fraction across three health care settings.Methods and resultsIn this descriptive observational study, we retrieved the distribution of HF types [with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), mid‐range ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)] for men and women between 65 and 79 years of age in three health care settings from a single country: (i) patients with screening‐detected HF in the high‐risk community (i.e. those with shortness of breath, frailty, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) from four screening studies, (ii) patients with confirmed HF from primary care derived from a single observational study, and (iii) patients with confirmed HF from outpatient cardiology clinics participating in a registry. Among 1407 patients from the high‐risk community, 288 had screen‐detected HF (15% HFrEF, 12% HFmrEF, 74% HFpEF), and 51% of the screen‐detected HF patients were women. In both women (82%) and men (65%), HFpEF was the most prevalent HF type. In the routine general practice population (30 practices, 70 000 individuals), among the 160 confirmed HF cases, 35% had HFrEF, 23% HFmrEF, and 43% HFpEF, and in total, 43% were women. In women, HFpEF was the most prevalent HF type (52%), while in men, this was HFrEF (41%). In outpatient cardiology clinics (n = 34), of the 4742 HF patients (66% HFrEF, 15% HFmrEF, 20% HFpEF), 36% were women. In both women (56%) and men (71%), HFrEF was the most prevalent HF type.ConclusionsBoth HF types and sex distribution vary considerably in HF patients of 65–79 years of age among health care settings. From the high‐risk community through to general practice to the cardiology outpatient setting, there is a shift in HF type from HFpEF to HFrEF and a decrease in the proportion of HF patients that are women.
Kaolinite‐based Hybrid Material from Interlayer Grafting of 1‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)piperazine and Application to the Sensitive Voltammetric Detection of Lead
Authors: Ngassa Guy B. Piegang , Fafard Jonathan , Tonle Ignas K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis of an organo‐inorganic hybrid material and its application as low‐cost electrode material for the electrochemical detection of trace levels of lead in contaminated water. The organo‐inorganic hybrid material was obtained by the grafting of 1‐(2‐hydroxyethylpiperazine) (HEP) in the interlayer space of a natural kaolinite (K). The obtained organokaolinite (K‐HEP) was characterized by XRD, FTIR and TGA‐DTG techniques. XRD results in particular showed that the structure of the pristine kaolinite was not affected during the synthesis of K‐HEP. It was also noticed from 13C NMR data that the structure of HEP was preserved during the synthesis process. Taking into account the affinity of the amine group on HEP molecule for lead ions, K‐HEP was used to modify the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (GCE/K‐HEP) in order to build a sensor for lead detection. The peak current of Pb(II) recorded on GCE/K‐HEP was more intense compared to the signal recorded on bare GCE, and on natural kaolinite film modified GCE. Several parameters that can affect the stripping response were systematically investigated to optimize the sensitivity of the organokaolinite film modified electrode. Under optimized conditions, a calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range from 8.29 to 116.03 ppb; with a detection limit of 0.25 ppb (S/N=3). After the study of some interfering species on the electrochemical response of Pb(II), the developed sensor was successfully applied to the quantification of the same pollutant in tap water and spring water samples.
Functionalization of electrospun fish gelatin mats with bioactive agents: Comparative effect on morphology, thermo‐mechanical, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties, and bread shelf stability
Authors: Mahmood Kaiser , Kamilah Hanisah , Alias Abd Karim , Ariffin Fazilah , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the current study, fish gelatin‐based nanofiber mats were embedded with different bioactive agents (BAs) such as cinnamaldehyde (CEO), limonene (LEO), and eugenol (EEO) at 1, 3, and 5% via electrospinning, and their effects on the morphological, structural, mechanical, thermal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bread packaging properties of the mats were evaluated. The gelatin mats presented different physicochemical properties due to the inherent differences in the chemical structure of the added BAs and their interaction with the gelatin chains. The conductivity, surface tension, and viscosity of gelatin dopes changed with the presence of the BAs, yet the electrospun nanofibers showed defect‐free uniform morphology as confirmed by electron microscopy, with no significant change in the chemical structure of gelatin. The melting temperature of gelatin mats remained in the range of 187–197°C. The mats presented lower tensile strength and elongation at break by the addition of BAs compared with the pristine gelatin mat. The highest radical scavenging (90%) was yielded by mats with EEO, while mats with CEO depicted better antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 18.83 mm. However, a dose‐dependent increase in the antifungal properties was noticed for all the mats. The mats retained almost 50% of BAs after 60 days of storage at 45% relative humidity. Electrospun gelatin mats inhibited the aerobic bacteria (81%) and yeast and molds (61%) in preservative‐free bread after 10 days of storage.
Negative bias effects during audiovisual emotional processing in major depression disorder
Authors: Li Liyuan , Li Rong , Shen Fei , Wang Xuyang , Zou Ting , Deng Chijun , Wang Chong , Li Jiyi , Wang Hongyu , Huang Xinju , Lu Fengmei , He Zongling , Chen Huafu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAberrant affective neural processing and negative emotional bias are trait‐marks of major depression disorders (MDDs). However, most research on biased emotional perception in depression has only focused on unimodal experimental stimuli, the neural basis of potentially biased emotional processing of multimodal inputs remains unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by implementing an audiovisual emotional task during functional MRI scanning sessions with 37 patients with MDD and 37 gender‐, age‐ and education‐matched healthy controls. Participants were asked to distinguish laughing and crying sounds while being exposed to faces with different emotional valences as background. We combined general linear model and psychophysiological interaction analyses to identify abnormal local functional activity and integrative processes during audiovisual emotional processing in MDD patients. At the local neural level, MDD patients showed increased bias activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) while listening to negative auditory stimuli and concurrently processing visual facial expressions, along with decreased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity in both the positive and negative visual facial conditions. At the network level, MDD exhibited significantly decreased connectivity in areas involved in automatic emotional processes and voluntary control systems during perception of negative stimuli, including the vmPFC, dlPFC, insula, as well as the subcortical regions of posterior cingulate cortex and striatum. These findings support a multimodal emotion dysregulation hypothesis for MDD by demonstrating that negative bias effects may be facilitated by the excessive ventral bottom‐up negative emotional influences along with incapability in dorsal prefrontal top‐down control system.
Social determinants of health and treatment decisions in head and neck cancer
Authors: Shehan Jennifer N. , Alwani Tooba , LeClair Jessica , Mahoney Taylor F. , Agarwal Pratima , Chaudhry Salil T. , Wang Judy J. , Noordzij Jacob Pieter , Tracy Lauren F. , Edwards Heather A. , Grillone Gregory , Salama Andrew R. , Jalisi Scharukh M. , Devaiah Anand K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study compares select social determinants of health (SDOH) with treatment modality selection and treatment completion in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, to better understand disparities in health outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of HNC (n = 1428) patients was conducted. Demographic and disease‐specific variables were recorded, including treatment modality selection and completion. Data were analyzed using two‐sample t tests, chi‐square, and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsPrimary language was significantly associated with treatment choice, where non‐English speakers were less likely to choose treatment as recommended by the Tumor Board. Lower mean distance from the hospital (37.38 [48.31] vs. 16.92 [19.10], p < 0.0001) and a county‐based higher mean percentage of bachelor degree or higher education (42.16 [8.82] vs. 44.95 [6.19], p < 0.0003) were associated with treatment selection.ConclusionLanguage, distance from the hospital, and education affected treatment selection in this study and may be useful in understanding how to counsel patients on treatment selection for HNC.
NASHFit: A randomized controlled trial of an exercise training program to reduce clotting risk in patients with NASH
Authors: Stine Jonathan G. , Schreibman Ian R. , Faust Alison J. , Dahmus Jessica , Stern Benjamin , Soriano Christopher , Rivas Gloriany , Hummer Breianna , Kimball Scot R. , Geyer Nate R. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Loomba Rohit , Schmitz Kathryn , Sciamanna Christopher 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
NASH is a common disease associated with increased rates of thromboembolism (TE). Although exercise training can lessen thrombotic risk in patients with vascular disease, whether similar findings are observed in patients with NASH is open for study.

Approach and Results
We conducted a 20‐week randomized controlled clinical trial involving patients with biopsy‐confirmed NASH. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to receive either an exercise training program or standard clinical care. The primary endpoint was change in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) level, an established thrombotic biomarker. Twenty‐eight patients were randomly assigned (18 exercise training and 10 standard clinical care). PAI‐1 level was significantly decreased by exercise training when compared to standard clinical care (−40 ± 100 vs. +70 ± 63 ng/ml; p = 0.02). Exercise training decreased MRI proton density fat fraction (MRI‐PDFF; −4.7 ± 5.6 vs. 1.2 ± 2.8% absolute liver fat; p = 0.01); 40% of exercise subjects had a ≥30% relative reduction in MRI‐PDFF (histological response threshold) compared to 13% for standard of care (p < 0.01). Exercise training improved fitness (VO2 peak, +3.0 ± 5.6 vs. −1.8 ± 5.1 ml/kg/min; p = 0.05) in comparison to standard clinical care.

Conclusions
This clinical trial showed that, independent of weight loss or dietary change, exercise training resulted in a significantly greater decrease in thrombotic risk than standard clinical care in patients with NASH, in parallel with MRI‐PDFF reduction and improvement in fitness. Future studies are required to determine whether exercise training can directly impact patient outcomes and lower rates of TE.
Fat‐associated lymphoid clusters as expandable niches for ectopic liver development
Authors: Han Bing , Francipane Maria Giovanna , Cheikhi Amin , Johnson Joycelyn , Chen Fei , Chen Ruoyu , Lagasse Eric 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Hepatocyte transplantation holds great promise as an alternative approach to whole‐organ transplantation. Intraportal and intrasplenic cell infusions are primary hepatocyte transplantation delivery routes for this procedure. However, patients with severe liver diseases often have disrupted liver and spleen architectures, which introduce risks in the engraftment process. We previously demonstrated i.p. injection of hepatocytes as an alternative route of delivery that could benefit this subpopulation of patients, particularly if less invasive and low‐risk procedures are required; and we have established that lymph nodes may serve as extrahepatic sites for hepatocyte engraftment. However, whether other niches in the abdominal cavity support the survival and proliferation of the transplanted hepatocytes remains unclear.

Approach and Results
Here, we showed that hepatocytes transplanted by i.p. injection engraft and generate ectopic liver tissues in fat‐associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs), which are adipose tissue–embedded, tertiary lymphoid structures localized throughout the peritoneal cavity. The FALC‐engrafted hepatocytes formed functional ectopic livers that rescued tyrosinemic mice from liver failure. Consistently, analyses of ectopic and native liver transcriptomes revealed a selective ectopic compensatory gene expression of hepatic function–controlling genes in ectopic livers, implying a regulated functional integration between the two livers. The lack of FALCs in the abdominal cavity of immunodeficient tyrosinemic mice hindered ectopic liver development, whereas the restoration of FALC formation through bone marrow transplantation restored ectopic liver development in these mice. Accordingly, induced abdominal inflammation increased FALC numbers, which improved hepatocyte engraftment and accelerated the recovery of tyrosinemic mice from liver failure.

Conclusions
Abdominal FALCs are essential extrahepatic sites for hepatocyte engraftment after i.p. transplantation and, as such, represent an easy‐to‐access and expandable niche for ectopic liver regeneration when adequate growth stimulus is present.
Roles of forest disturbance and climate variability on streamflow components in snow‐dominated paired watersheds at multiple temporal scales
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Mingfang , Wei Xiaohua , Winkler Rita , Spencer Sheena , Hou Yiping , Scott David F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paired watershed experimental (PWE) approach has long been used as an effective means to assess the impacts of forest change on hydrology in small watersheds (<100 km2). Yet, the effects of climate variability on streamflow are not often assessed in PWE design. In this study, two sets of paired watersheds, (1) Camp and Greata Creeks and (2) 240 and 241 Creeks located in the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, were selected to explore relative roles of forest disturbance and climate variability on streamflow components (i.e., baseflow and surface runoff) at different time scales. Our analyses showed that forest disturbance is positively related to annual streamflow components. However, this relationship is statistically insignificant since forest disturbance can either increase or decrease seasonal streamflow components, which eventually limited the positive effect on streamflow at the annual scale. Interestingly, we found that forest disturbance consistently decreased summer streamflow components in the two PWEs as forest disturbance can augment earlier and quicker snow‐melt processes and hence reduce soil moisture to maintain summer streamflow components. More importantly, this study revealed that climate variability played a more significant role than forest disturbance in both annual and seasonal streamflow components, for instance, climate variability can account for as much as 90% of summer streamflow components variation in Camp, suggesting the role of climate variability on streamflow should be highlighted in the traditional PWE approach to truly advance our understanding of the interactions of forest change, climate variability and water for sustainable water resource management.