bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA-sequencing for transcriptomic analysis of chili peppers induced by Serratia plymuthica strain UBCF_13
Authors: Gozalia E N , Tjong D H , Renfiyeni R , Jamsari J , Nova B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Non-pathogenic bacteria are used as biocontrol agents in plants because of their capability to induce the plant’s resistance system through the ISR [Induction Systemic Resistance] mechanism. Rhizobacteria are known for their ability to signal the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and ethylene, also stimulate an increased expression level of resistance genes and auxin in plants. RNA-sequencing can be used to analyze the transcriptomic profile of plants. In this study, we used the bacteria Serratia plymuthica strain UBCF_13 to induce the resistance system of chili plants. This study aimed to obtain information on the transcriptome level of chili after being induced by the bacteria. This study is expected to be a useful reference for generating transcriptome data of bacteria UBCF_13 as a biocontrol agent. For RNA sequencing, we used two different plants, namely plants without and with the induction of bacteria UBCF_13. The bacteria UBCF_13 [OD600 1] was applied 12 days after planting in the root area. Total RNA was isolated from plant roots after 14 days of treatment. Differential gene expression, GO enrichment, and KEGG analysis showed that the resistance genes expression increases. Genes involved in hormone signal transduction like tryptophan metabolism is affected by the induction of bacteria UBCF_13. The AUX1 [Auxin Influx Carrier], SAUR [Small Auxin Up RNA], and GH3 [Gretchen Hagen 3] genes family in the tryptophan metabolism become upregulated.
Direct organogenesis of patchouli [Pogostemon cablin Benth]
Authors: Yusniwati Y , Setiawan R B , Syarif Z , Yusmarni Y , Fitriawati F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Patchouli [Pogostemon cablin Benth] is a plant that produces essential oils that are used for various industrial purposes. To increase the productivity of patchouli, quality seeds are needed. Patchouli propagation can be performed by in vitro culture such as direct or indirect organogenesis. The purpose of this study was to obtain the types of explants and composition of the media to inducing shoot through direct organogenesis. The research used a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was the type of explants [leaves and nodus], the second factor was the concentration of BA [0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 ppm]. Data were analyzed using the F test and Duncan as posthoc test using the STAR [Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research]. The results showed shoot induction time varies from 9.3-21.7 days after culture. BA with 0.3 ppm gives the best performance in a number of the shoot and shoots height about 16.3 shoots and 2.1 cm, respectively.
Diversity of flower visitor insects in monoculture of luffa [Luffa acutangula L.] and intercropping of luffa and bitter melon [Momordica charantia L.]
Authors: Pujiastuti Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Insects play important roles in pollinating flowers. The success of a plant to produce fruit depends more on the pollinating insects than other factors. This research aimed to study the diversity of species of flower-visiting insects and their role in monoculture and intercropping systems. The research was conducted on luffa [Luffa actangula] and intercropping between luffa and bitter gourd [Momordica charantia] in a vegetable crop center in Tanjung Pering Village, Inderalaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatera. Insects observations were carried out visually [scan sampling] and insects behavior was documented. The observations indicated in intercropping plants the number of insects visiting flowers was more than in monocultures, both in terms of species and numbers. The monoculture system was visited by 4 orders, 5 families, and 7 species, whereas the intercropping system was visited by 6 orders, 12 families, and 16 species. Insects visiting flowers, both adult and larva/nymph, acted as flower eaters, predators, parasitoids, and pollinators. The visit times varied with an intercropping range of 10 seconds to 3 minutes. The order of Hymenoptera dominated the presence of insects both in monoculture and intercropping systems.
Multiplication of arabica “Solok Rajo” coffee through bio cellular technology
Authors: Suliansyah I , Yusniwati  , Resigia E , Febjislami S , Warnita  , Amanda CP , Rahimah L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The extensification of Rajo coffee cultivation faces obstacles due to the limited quality of planting material. Biocellular technology can be used for the mass propagation of plants in a short time. The objective of this study was to develop an effective in vitro protocol for propagating Rajo coffee. The media used for in vitro coffee seed germination was MS media strength [0; ¼; ½; ¾; 1 MS [full]]. Subsequently, the explant was transferred to full MS media supplemented with BAP [0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10,0 mg l−1]. Callus induced from young leaves cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D [2,0; 3,0; 4,0 mg l−1] and BAP [0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 mg l−1]. From the initial experimental results obtained that seeds can be considered a good starting material for in vitro establishment in the propagation of Arabica coffee “Solok Rajo”. The ¼ MS medium gave more root, hypocotyls, and plantlet length, and full cotyledonary leaves expansion. The addition of 5.0 and 7.5 mg l−1 BAP was able to increase the number of shoots and shoot length. BAP and 2,4-D affected callus initiation and development of Rajo coffee explants, where all concentrations could induce callus, but 3,0 mg l−1 2,4-D was able to induce callus better and faster. There was no interaction between 2,4-D and BAP for callus induction and there was no effect between the addition of 2 mg l−1, 3 mg l−1, and 4 mg l−1 on callus induction. The addition of BAP affected the callus induction time and callus fresh weight. In general, callus formed has a friable structure with yellowish-white color.
Optimization of antagonistic activity of the extracellular compound Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 against phytopathogenic fungi through the addition of carbon and nitrogen
Authors: Sulastri I , Aisyah S N , Syukriani L , Jamsari J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Serratia plymuthica UBCF_13 is one of the biocontrol bacteria that can suppress the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Bacterial antifungal activity is influenced by several environmental factors, including the addition of carbon and nitrogen sources. This study aimed to determine the carbon and nitrogen sources that can encourage the maximum antagonistic activity of the extracellular compound from S. plymuthica UBCF_13. Carbon and nitrogen sources used in this study were glucose, sucrose, glycerol, ethanol, peptone, ammonium sulfate, tryptone, and yeast extract, with a concentration of 2 %. Bacterial extracellular compounds were applied to phytopathogenic fungi [Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium oxysporum] to see their antifungal activity. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way variance with DNMRT at the 5 % level. The best antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides resulted from the addition of carbon source [ethanol] 22.28 % and nitrogen source [peptone] 16.94 %. The best antifungal activity against S. rolfsii fungi resulted from the addition of carbon source [ethanol] 14.67 % and nitrogen source [ammonium sulfate] 15.53 %. The inhibition ability of the extracellular bacterial compounds of S. plymuthica UBCF_13 in recording the growth of S. rolfsii with the addition of carbon and nitrogen is fairly low. S. plymuthica bacteria are less able to produce antifungal compounds that can suppress the growth of S. rolfsii fungi. The best antifungal activity against F. oxysporum fungi resulted from the addition of carbon source [ethanol] 8.47 % and nitrogen source [ammonium sulfate and tryptone] 28.25 % & 26.88 %.
Cellulolytic and xylanolytic faecal bacteria from tedong bonga, [Toraja buffalo, Bubalus bubalis carabanesis]
Authors: Saputra S , Dinoto A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants contains a considerable number of microbes that can utilize lignocellulosic biomass from plants. In this study, faecal samples of a local white spotted swamp buffalo or tedong bonga from North Toraja, South Sulawesi [Bubalus bubalis carabanesis] were investigated to aimed bacterial isolate that are capable of degrading both cellulose and xylan. Direct isolation and enrichment methods were performed by using selective medium containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] or xylan in the isolation process. Plate screening and enzyme quantification indicate that 11 out of 25 isolates have double actions of cellulase and xylanase with the range of 0.18-0.30 U/ml and 0.10-1.56 U/ml, respectively. Further, molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene for four selected isolates shows that three strains [KBX04, KBX07 and KBX08] were identical to Bacillus altitudinis 41KF2bT [100%] while another strain [KBX03] were identical to Cellulomonas flavigena DSM 20109T [99%]. We demonstrated that faeces from ruminants are a promising source for lignocellulose degrading bacteria that could be used for biomass conversion.
Factors affecting consumer’s purchasing decision of vegetables during Covid-19 pandemic in Padang, West Sumatera
Authors: Yusmarni Y , Putri A , Paloma C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The human need for healthy food containing sufficient nutrition for health and increases body immunity is essential during the Covid-19 pandemic. Vegetables and fruits are the primary sources of nutrients rich in vitamins and minerals needed for health. However, people are advised to limit outdoor activities to prevent the virus’s spread during this pandemic. It will impact people’s efforts to meet their various needs, including the need for vegetables and fruit. This study aimed to observe and analyse what factors affect consumer decisions in purchasing vegetables either online or offline during the Covid-19 pandemic in Padang City The method used is a survey method with a sample of 100 vegetable consumers in Padang city who were selected accidentally. The variables used in the study were product quality, price, easy access to vegetables, the influence of friends and family, age, purchase motivation, and purchase method. The data were analysed quantitatively using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that simultaneously all variables affect purchase decisions. However, partially only four variables significantly influence consumer decisions in buying vegetables during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely ease of access, the influence of friends and family, purchase motivation, and purchasing methods.
Livelihood strategies of farmers in Padang City during pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Astuti N B , Mutiara V I , Hariance R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pandemic Covid 19 has affected all life sectors. One of the sectors affected by this condition is the livelihood strategies of the farmers. This research aimed to identify the livelihood strategies of farmers in Padang City during Covid-19. The research was conducted using a survey method in three selected districts in Padang City, namely Kuranji, Pauh, and Koto Tangah. They were selected based on the most populated districts in Padang City. 150 households were interviewed, which represented 50 households of each district. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis. The research results show that there are two kinds of livelihood strategies both on-farm and off-farm, which are survival strategy and collaborative strategy. Households that using survival strategies are characterized by limited natural resources, such as limited land, and do not have any permanent job in the off-farm sector. While households using collaborative strategy are characterized by the utilization of family labor in an informal off-farm sector such as small scale business and any work that relies on labor.
Impact of entrepreneurial characteristics, access to credit and product innovation on the coffee powder agroindustry business performance in rural areas
Authors: Suryani N , Nofialdi N , Azriani Z , Hendri M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The competitiveness of rural coffee agroindustry needs to be designed to increase the income of coffee entrepreneurs in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impacts of entrepreneurial characteristics, Access to Credit, and product innovation on the business performance of the coffee powder agroindustry. Data collection was carried out through field observations in-depth interviews. Key informants were all parties related to the development of the Robusta coffee agroindustry, and the research respondents were 49 coffee powder processors in coffee canters in Tanah Datar Regency. Data analysis was performed using descriptive methods and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using smartPLS. Entrepreneurial characteristics have a significant effect on access credit, and then Access to Credit has a significant effect on business performance. The entrepreneurial characteristics also have a significant effect on the coffee powder agroindustry business performance.
Blue-barred parrotfish Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775: is it a protogynous?
Authors: Tresnati J , Utari D , Yasir I , Aprianto R , Rahmani P Y , Yanti A , Tuwo A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The blue-barred parrotfish Scarus ghobban is a reef fish that has not been a target fish in the past, but is now becoming a target fish. The blue-barred parrotfish is a monochromatic fish, so that the sex of individual cannot be identified based on secondary sexual characters. This research aimed to determine whether the blue-barred parrotfish is protogeny. The parameters observed were sex ratio, gonad maturity and size at first maturity. The sex ratio of Blue-barred parrotfish was not balanced. This study cannot reinforces the previous assumption that Blue-barred parrotfish was protogeny because the distribution of sex ratio related to the length class was dominated by males. This study cannot also reinforces the previous assumption that Blue-barred parrotfish is protogeny because the distribution of sex ratio related to the length class was dominated by males. The size at first maturity of the male Blue-barred parrotfish is 24.0 cm and the female is 31.6 cm. Small length class which was dominated by males, and size at first maturity of males which was smaller than females reinforces the assumption that Blue-barred parrotfish was not hermaphrodite protogynous, but dioecious. This is just a preliminary suspicion, more detailed studies are ongoing.
Reproductive strategy of rivulated parrotfish Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840
Authors: Tuwo A , Tresnati J , Huda N , Yasir I , Rahmani P Y , Aprianto R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The rivulated parrotfish Scarus rivulatus is a reef fish that use not to be a target fish, but is now becoming a fisheries target. This change in status is causing the rivulated parrotfish population to be depressed due to fishing effort and interspecific and intraspecific competition in their habitat. This research aimed to examine the parrotfish’s reproductive strategies and tactics. The parameters observed were sex ratio, gonad maturity and first maturity at the female and male. Sex and gonad maturity was determined based on the macroscopic characteristics of the gonads. First maturity was estimated based on the total length. This study indicates that the sex-ratio of rivulated parrotfish was unbalanced, males was fewer than females (1: 2.49). The maturity stages of male and female were quite synchronous. Early maturation and maturity stages that were dominant during the study indicate that rivulated parrotfish can spawn at any time throughout the year. The size at first maturity of rivulated parrotfish was achieved very quickly with sizes 16.9 for female cm and 24.3 cm for male. Females that mature more quickly are an indication that the rivulated parrotfish is protogynous. An imbalance in sex ratios, spawning at any time throughout the year, early maturity, and protogynous could be a strong indication that rivulated parrotfish was an r-strategy.
Zooplankton Tintinnopsis dominance in the Estuary of Polong River, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Massinai Arniati , La Nafie Yayu Anugrah , Amri Khairul , Hamdiah  , Farid Samawi Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Genus Tintinnopsis is a microzooplankton from the protozoa (ciliate) group that lives in various habitats in marine waters. Like other zooplankton, Tintinnopsis holds important roles in the food chain. An investigation on the zooplankton community focusing on species composition had been conducted in July 2020 in Polong River estuary, Pangkajene District, South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out at four stations, each with three replications. Seventy-five liters of seawater were filtered using a plankton net 25 (0.06 mm) into a 100 mL sample bottle and added with 2mL of 1% Lugol. Zooplankton species were counted and identified by putting 1ml of water sample on a Sedgwick Rafter counter and observed on a microscope. Zooplankton identification followed Identification of Marine Plankton and Marine Plankton A Practical Guide. The number of zooplankton differences amongst stations was analyzed statistically by using a one-way ANOVA. Results showed that Tintinnopsis were found in all stations, and were most abundant in station 2, followed by stations 1, 3, and 4. There were two other zooplankton species found in the area, i.e. nauplii Copepoda (stations 1, 3, and 4) and Apocyclops sp (station 2). Each species composition was 80.60%, 18.62% and 0.78% for Tintinnopsis sp., nauplii copepods and Apocyclops sp., respectively. One-way ANOVA also showed no significant differences in the individual abundances amongst station (CI 95%; (p>0.05).
Species composition of birds in converted coastal area of Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Priosambodo D , Nadiarti N , Nafie YA La , Jamal M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sulawesi, the largest island in Wallacea region is well-known for its avifauna diversity and endemism. The island is mountainous and surrounded by long coastline with mangrove and wetland ecosystems. To date, most of coastal area converted into fishpond, rice field and settlement. As a result, many species are seriously threatened by land conversion. Nevertheless, species composition of birds in the converted coastal area has poorly studied. To fill in the information gaps, we conducted research in Universitas Hasanuddin fishpond. The fishpond situated in Tanjung Kupa, a small peninsula in Mallusetasi subdistrict, Barru regency, South Sulawesi. This research aimed to figure out the species composition, ecological niche, conservation status and feeding guild of the bird at converted coastal area. Data were collected using MacKinnon list method in the morning at 06.30-09.30 and in the afternoon at 15.30-17.30 from August to September 2020. From the observations, we recorded 37 bird species from 25 families consist of 29 resident, 4 migratory, 3 introduce and 1 endemic species. Most of common birds species dominated by open-country specialist which indicates a change in the composition of bird species in the converted coastal areas of Barru Regency.
A preliminary study of the effect of different seedling sources on growth of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in Konawe Selatan and Bombana Regency, Southeast (SE) Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Aslan La Ode Muhammad , Iba Wa , Patadjai Andi Besse , Ruslaini  , Rahim Manat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine the effect of different seedling sources on growth of K. alvarezii. There were three seedling sources used in this study: local strain, tissue-cultured seedlings, and seedlings resulting from mass selection combined with tissue–cultured method called “prof”. This research was conducted for 6 months in two regencies, Konawe Selatan and Bombana, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia, using the longline seaweed culture method. The results showed that the daily growth rate (DGR) during this study tended to fluctuate within each treatment, but tissue-cultured and “prof” seedlings had higher mean DGRs than local strain seedlings. In Konawe Selatan, the mean of DGR was highest in tissue-cultured seedlings (5.72 ±0.13%/day), followed by prof seedlings (5.21 ±0.26%/day) and local strain seedlings (4.58±0.23%/day). In addition, the DGRs peaked in November when the tissue-cultured seedlings had the highest DGR (6.20 ±0.35%/day) followed by prof seedlings (5.92 ±1.03%/day) and local strain seedlings (5.39±0.67%/day). In Bombana, the tissue-cultured seedlings had higher DGRs than prof and local strain seedlings. The mean DGR of tissue-cultured seedlings was 4.61 ±0.19%/day followed by prof seedlings (4.18 ±0.13%/day) and local strain seedlings (3.61±0.19%/day). However, in contrast to the results obtained from Selatan Konawe, the DGRs peaked in September, when tissue-cultured seedlings had the highest DGR (4.61 ±0.14%/day) followed by prof seedlings (4.49 ±0.15%/day) and local strain seedlings (4.11±0.05%/day). This study shows that tissue-cultured and prof seedlings have the potential to increase seaweed farming production.
Effect of different doses of saponins and salinity on giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Yasir I , Tresnati J , Aprianto R , Yanti A , Bestari A D , Tuwo A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Nile TilapiaOreochromis niloticusis considering as a pest in shrimp farming ponds, as it is a shrimp competitor and predator of benthic organisms. This study aims to determine the effective and efficient saponins doses to eradicate tilapia without causing shrimp mortality. The study used two different saponins doses (200 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha) with seven different levels of salinity (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 ppt). The saponins doses used in this study had no effect on shrimp mortality, but had a significant effect on mortality of nile tilapia. The mortality of nile tilapia was 100% for all treatments. The death time of nile tilapia decreased significantly with increasing salinity. Longest nile tilapia death time was found at 10 ppt water salinity; this salinity is close to that of body fluids (14 ppt). The greater the difference between the ion content of body fluids and water ions in the test media, the faster the time of death. The effects of bleeding on the operculum, pectoral and caudal fins are more severe at high salinity. It is advisable not to increase the saponins doses, use the same saponins doses at any salinity, because predatory and competitive fish will die at any salinity.
Moulting and growth of mangrove crabs Scylla olivacea (Herbst 1796) with injection of phytoecdysteroids and artificial feed
Authors: Hasnidar  , Tamsil Andi , Kamaruddin  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Moulting in crabs can be accelerated by adding moulting hormone. Phytoecdysteroids are an active compound found in certain plants, for example amaranthus, that are analogous to the moulting hormone in crustaceans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of phytoecdysteroid administration through injection and artificial feed on moulting and growth of mud crabs (Scylla olivacea). Mud crabs with carapace width 61–62 mm and weight 50–51 g were reared in individual crab boxes with dimensions 25×20×20 cm. The selected crabs were injected with amaranthus extract at a dose of 1 mL/crab (I), then placed in the crab boxes and kept in a pond. Amaranthus leaves were dried in an oven at 60°C for 24 hours, ground using a hammer mill, and mixed with other feed ingredients. Different doses of amaranthus flour were applied: 0% (control), 10%. 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20%. Moulting and growth data were analysed for a variance. The results showed that the administration of phytoecdysteroids from amaranthus by injection and through artificial feed had no effect on the percentage of mud crabs moulting, survival rate, growth, and feed conversion value. The mud crabs were not able to take full advantage of the artificial feed provided because of the inappropriate size of the feed and the fragile structure that cause wasted and uneaten feed.