bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Workers in Northern Italy
Authors: Airoldi Chiara , Calcagno Andrea , Di Perri Giovanni , Valinotto Rosanna , Gallo Lucia , Locana Elisabetta , Trunfio Mattia , Patrucco Filippo , Vineis Paolo , Faggiano Fabrizio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
The spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among active workers is poor known. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) among a convenience sample of workers and to identify high-risk job sectors during the first pandemic way.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among workers tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 28 March and 7 August 2020, recorded by a private healthcare center located in North-West Italy. Association among seroprevalence and demographic and occupational variables was evaluated using chi square test and the seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results
We collected the results for 23568 serological tests from a sample of 22708 workers from about 1000 companies. Median age was 45 years and about 60% of subjects were male. The overall seroprevalence was 4.97% [95%CI 4.69–5.25]. No statistical difference was found among gender while seroprevalence was associated with subjects’ age, geographical location, and occupational sector. Significantly higher values of positivity were observed for the logistics sector (31.3%), weaving factory (12.6%), nursing homes (9.8%), and chemical industry (6.9%) workers. However, we observed some clusters of cases in single companies independently from the sector.
Then, a detailed focus on 940 food workers shown a seroprevalence of 5.21% [95%CI 3.79–6.63] and subjects who self-reported COVID-19 symptoms and who worked during lockdown had a higher probability of being infected (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Data obtained might be useful for future public health decision; more than occupation sector, it seems that failure on prevention system in single companies increase the SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
A novel framework integrating AI model and enzymological experiments promotes identification of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors and activity-based probe
Authors: Hu Fan , Wang Lei , Hu Yishen , Wang Dongqi , Wang Weijie , Jiang Jianbing , Li Nan , Yin Peng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The identification of protein–ligand interaction plays a key role in biochemical research and drug discovery. Although deep learning has recently shown great promise in discovering new drugs, there remains a gap between deep learning-based and experimental approaches. Here, we propose a novel framework, named AIMEE, integrating AI model and enzymological experiments, to identify inhibitors against 3CL protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which has taken a significant toll on people across the globe. From a bioactive chemical library, we have conducted two rounds of experiments and identified six novel inhibitors with a hit rate of 29.41%, and four of them showed an IC50 value &lt;3 μM. Moreover, we explored the interpretability of the central model in AIMEE, mapping the deep learning extracted features to the domain knowledge of chemical properties. Based on this knowledge, a commercially available compound was selected and was proven to be an activity-based probe of 3CLpro. This work highlights the great potential of combining deep learning models and biochemical experiments for intelligent iteration and for expanding the boundaries of drug discovery. The code and data are available at https://github.com/SIAT-code/AIMEE.
Age-Dependent Contribution of Domain-General Networks to Semantic Cognition
Authors: Martin Sandra , Saur Dorothee , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAging is characterized by a decline of cognitive control. In semantic cognition, this leads to the paradox that older adults usually show poorer task performance than young adults despite their greater semantic knowledge. So far, the underlying neural changes of these behavioral differences are poorly understood. In the current neuroimaging study, we investigated the interaction of domain-specific and domain-general networks during verbal semantic fluency in young and older adults. Across age groups, task processing was characterized by a strong positive integration within the multiple-demand as well as between the multiple-demand and the default mode network during semantic fluency. However, the behavioral relevance of strengthened connectivity differed between groups: While within-network functional connectivity in both networks predicted greater efficiency in semantic fluency in young adults, it was associated with slower performance in older adults. Moreover, only young adults profited from connectivity between networks for their semantic memory performance. Our results suggest that the functional coupling of usually anticorrelated networks is critical for successful task processing, independent of age, when access to semantic memory is required. Furthermore, our findings lend novel support to the notion of reduced efficiency in the aging brain due to neural dedifferentiation in semantic cognition.
Hippocampal-Medial Prefrontal Event Segmentation and Integration Contribute to Episodic Memory Formation
Authors: Liu Wei , Shi Yingjie , Cousins James N , Kohn Nils , Fernández Guillén 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
How do we encode our continuous life experiences for later retrieval? Theories of event segmentation and integration suggest that the hippocampus binds separately represented events into an ordered narrative. Using a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) movie watching-recall dataset, we quantified two types of neural similarities (i.e., “activation pattern” similarity and within-region voxel-based “connectivity pattern” similarity) between separate events during movie watching and related them to subsequent retrieval of events as well as retrieval of sequential order. We demonstrated that compared with forgotten events, successfully remembered events were associated with distinct “activation patterns” in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. In contrast, similar “connectivity pattern” between events were associated with memory formation and were also relevant for retaining events in the correct order. We applied the same approaches to an independent movie watching fMRI dataset as validation and highlighted again the role of hippocampal activation pattern and connectivity pattern in memory formation. We propose that distinct activation patterns represent neural segmentation of events, while similar connectivity patterns encode context information and, therefore, integrate events into a narrative. Our results provide novel evidence for the role of hippocampal-medial prefrontal event segmentation and integration in episodic memory formation of real-life experience.
The Toronto IBD Global Endoscopic Reporting [TIGER] Score: A Single, Easy to Use Endoscopic Score for Both Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Zittan E , Steinhart A H , Aran H , Milgrom R , Gralnek I M , Zelber-Sagi S , Silverberg M S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
We constructed the Toronto IBD Global Endoscopic Reporting [TIGER] score for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. The aim of our study was to develop and validate the TIGER score against faecal calprotectin [FC], C-reactive protein [CRP], and IBD Disk.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed among 113 adult patients (60 Crohn’s disease [CD] and 53 ulcerative colitis [UC]). In the development and usability phase, blinded IBD experts reviewed and graded ileocolonoscopy videos. In the validity phase the TIGER score was compared with: [1] the Simple endoscopic Score for CD [SES-CD] and the Mayo endoscopic score in CD and UC, respectively; [2] FC and CRP; and [3] IBD Disk.

Results
Inter-observer reliability of the TIGER score per segment between reviewers was excellent: interclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.92–0.96]. For CD patients, overall agreement per segment between SES-CD and TIGER was 91% [95% CI: 84–95] with kappa coefficient 0.77 [95% CI: 0.63–0.91]. There was a significant correlation between TIGER and CRP [p &lt;0.0083], and TIGER and FC [p &lt;0.0001]. In addition, there was significant correlation between TIGER and IBD Disk [p &lt;0.0001]. For UC patients, overall agreement per segment between Mayo endoscopic score and TIGER was 84% [95% CI: 74%-90%] and kappa coefficient 0.60 [95% CI: 0.42–0.808]. There was a significant correlation between TIGER and FC [p &lt;0.0001]. There was a significant correlation between TIGER and IBD Disk [p &lt;0.0001].

Conclusions
The TIGER score is a reliable and simple novel endoscopic score that can be used for both CD and UC patients and captures full endoscopic disease burden.
Pathogenesis of Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zabana Yamile , Tontini Gian , Hultgren-Hörnquist Elisabeth , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina , Latella Giovanni , Østvik Ann Elisabeth , Marlicz Wojciech , D’Amato Mauro , Arias Angel , Miehlke Stephan , Münch Andreas , Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Lucendo Alfredo J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Whereas the exact aetiology of microscopic colitis [MC] remains unknown, a dysregulated immune response to luminal factors or medications is the most accepted pathogenesis hypothesis.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the pathogenesis of MC. We applied the Joanna Briggs Institute methodologies and the PRISMA statement for the reporting of systematic reviews [PROSPERO Trial Identifier: CRD42020145008]. Populations, Exposure of interest, and Outcome [PEO] questions were used to explore the following topics in MC: 1] intestinal luminal factors; 2] autoimmunity; 3] innate immunity; 4] adaptive immunity; 5] extracellular matrix; 6] genetic risk factors; and 7] mechanism of diarrhoea. A search was done in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to February 2020. A narrative description was performed explaining the findings for each aspect of MC aetiopathogenesis.

Results
Thirty-eight documents provided evidence for PEO1, 100 for PEO2, 72 for PEO3 and 4, 38 for PEO5, 20 for PEO6, and 23 for PEO7. The majority of documents were cohorts, case reports, and case series, with a few case-control and some experimental studies. Consistency among data provided by different studies was considered to support pathogenetic hypotheses. MC is a multifactorial disease believed to involve innate and adaptive immune responses to luminal factors, genetic risk, autoimmunity, and extracellular matrix alterations, all contributing by varied mechanisms to watery diarrhoea.

Conclusions
This is the first systematic review on the aetiology of MC supporting the notion that MC is a multifactorial disease. However, high-profile studies are lacking, and most evidence derives from small heterogeneous studies.
Trimethyllysine predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling adults and patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Bjørnestad Espen Ø , Dhar Indu , Svingen Gard F T , Pedersen Eva R , Svenningsson Mads M , Tell Grethe S , Ueland Per M , Ørn Stein , Sulo Gerhard , Laaksonen Reijo , Nygård Ottar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Trimethyllysine (TML) is involved in carnitine synthesis, serves as a precursor of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD). We prospectively examined circulating TML as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling adults and patients with CHD.

Methods and results
By Cox regression modelling, risk associations were examined in 6393 subjects in the community-based Hordaland Health Study (HUSK). A replication study was conducted among 4117 patients with suspected stable angina pectoris in the Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort (WECAC). During a mean follow-up of 10.5 years in the HUSK-cohort, 884 (13.8%) subjects died, of whom 287 from cardiovascular causes. After multivariable adjustments for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] for all-cause mortality comparing the 4th vs. 1st TML-quartile was 1.66 (1.31–2.10, P &lt; 0.001). Particularly strong associations were observed for cardiovascular mortality [HR (95% CI) 2.04 (1.32–3.15, P = 0.001)]. Corresponding risk-estimates in the WECAC (mean follow-up of 9.8 years) were 1.35 [1.10–1.66, P = 0.004] for all-cause and 1.45 [1.06–1.98, P = 0.02] for cardiovascular mortality. Significant correlations between plasma TML and TMAO were observed in both cohorts (rs ≥ 0.42, P &lt; 0.001); however, additional adjustments for TMAO did not materially influence the risk associations, and no effect modification by TMAO was found.

Conclusions
Elevated TML-levels were associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality both in subjects with and without established CHD.
The effect of high-intensity interval training on exercise capacity in post-myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Yuan , Kumar Bundhun Pravesh , Yuan Zhang-Li , Chen Meng-Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has been recommended a treatment for patients with cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, it remains controversial which exercise characteristics are most beneficial for post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in these patients.

Methods and results
We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and Wanfang Dataset (from the earliest date available to February 2021) for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that evaluated the effects of HIIT on post-MI patients. Studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data synthesis was performed with R software version 4.0.1. Eight studies met the study criteria, including 387 patients. Compared to the control group [moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or routine physical activity], HIIT significantly improved peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) [mean difference = 3.83 mL/kg/min, 95% confidence interval (CI) (3.25, 4.41), P &lt; 0.01]. No significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, peak and resting heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and the quality of life was found between HIIT group and control group. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 to 12 weeks. The incidence of adverse events was similar between groups [risk difference = 0.01, 95% CI (-0.02, 0.04), P = 0.53].

Conclusion
Compared with MICT and routine physical activity, HIIT could significantly improve exercise capacity in post-MI patients, and appears to be safe.
Characterization of atrial fibrillation in real-world patients: testing the 4S-AF scheme in the Spanish and French cohorts of the EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry
Authors: Rivera-Caravaca José Miguel , Piot Olivier , Roldán-Rabadán Inmaculada , Denis Arnaud , Anguita Manuel , Mansourati Jacques , Pérez-Cabeza Alejandro , Marijon Eloi , García-Seara Javier , Leclercq Christophe , García-Bolao Ignacio , Lellouche Nicolas , Potpara Tatjana , Boriani Giuseppe , Fauchier Laurent , Lip Gregory Y H , Marín Francisco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
The 4S-AF scheme [Stroke risk, Symptom severity, Severity of atrial fibrillation (AF) burden, Substrate severity] has recently been described as a novel approach to in-depth characterization of AF. We aim to determine if the 4S-AF scheme would be useful for AF characterization and provides prognostic information in real-world AF patients.

Methods and results
The Spanish and French cohorts of the EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry were included. The baseline 4S-AF scheme was calculated and related to the primary management strategy (rhythm or rate control). Follow-up was performed at 1-year with all-cause mortality and the composite of ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause death, as primary endpoints. A total of 1479 patients [36.9% females, median age 72 interquartile range (IQR 64–80) years] were included. The median 4S-AF scheme score was 5 (IQR 4–7). The 4S-AF scheme, as continuous and as categorical, was associated with the management strategy decided for the patient (both P &lt; 0.001). The predictive performances of the 4S-AF scheme for the actual management strategy were appropriate in its continuous [c-index 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.80] and categorical (c-index 0.75, 95% CI 0.72–0.78) forms. Cox regression analyses showed that ‘red category’ classified patients in the 4S-AF scheme had a higher risk of all-cause death (aHR 1.75, 95% CI 1.02–2.99) and composite outcomes (aHR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05–2.44).

Conclusion
Characterization of AF by using the 4S-AF scheme may aid in identifying AF patients that would be managed by rhythm or rate control and could also help in identifying high-risk AF patients for worse clinical outcomes in a ‘real-world’ setting.
Metabolic Adaptations to Marine Environments: Molecular Diversity and Evolution of Ovothiol Biosynthesis in Bacteria
Authors: Brancaccio Mariarita , Tangherlini Michael , Danovaro Roberto , Castellano Immacolata 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ovothiols are sulfur-containing amino acids synthesized by marine invertebrates, protozoans, and bacteria. They act as pleiotropic molecules in signaling and protection against oxidative stress. The discovery of ovothiol biosynthetic enzymes, sulfoxide synthase OvoA and β-lyase OvoB, paves the way for a systematic investigation of ovothiol distribution and molecular diversification in nature. In this work, we conducted genomic and metagenomics data mining to investigate the distribution and diversification of ovothiol biosynthetic enzymes in Bacteria. We identified the bacteria endowed with this secondary metabolic pathway, described their taxonomy, habitat and biotic interactions in order to provide insight into their adaptation to specific environments. We report that OvoA and OvoB are mostly encountered in marine aerobic Proteobacteria, some of them establishing symbiotic or parasitic relationships with other organisms. We identified a horizontal gene transfer event of OvoB from Bacteroidetes living in symbiosis with Hydrozoa. Our search within the Ocean Gene Atlas revealed the occurrence of ovothiol biosynthetic genes in Proteobacteria living in a wide range of pelagic and highly oxygenated environments. Finally, we tracked the evolutionary history of ovothiol biosynthesis from marine bacteria to unicellular eukaryotes and metazoans. Our analysis provides new conceptual elements to unravel the evolutionary and ecological significance of ovothiol biosynthesis.
Charting a New Frontier Integrating Mathematical Modeling in Complex Biological Systems from Molecules to Ecosystems
Authors: White Katharine A , McEntire Kira D , Buan Nicole R , Robinson Lecia , Barbar Elisar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Advances in quantitative biology data collection and analysis across scales (molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological) have transformed how we understand, categorize, and predict complex biological systems. This surge of quantitative data creates an opportunity to apply, develop, and evaluate mathematical models of biological systems and explore novel methods of analysis. Simultaneously, thanks to increased computational power, mathematicians, engineers and physical scientists have developed sophisticated models of biological systems at different scales. Novel modeling schemes can offer deeper understanding of principles in biology, but there is still a disconnect between modeling and experimental biology that limits our ability to fully realize the integration of mathematical modeling and biology. In this work, we explore the urgent need to expand the use of existing mathematical models across biological scales, develop models that are robust to biological heterogeneity, harness feedback loops within the iterative modeling process, and nurture a cultural shift towards interdisciplinary and cross-field interactions. Better integration of biological experimentation and robust mathematical modeling will transform our ability to understand and predict complex biological systems.
Fragmented QRS complex may predict long-term mortality after isolated surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Panç Cafer , Güler Arda , Doğan Arda Can , Gülmez Recep , Güner Ahmet , Çelik Ömer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract OBJECTIVESFragmented QRS (fQRS), related to myocardial fibrosis, is an important prognostic marker of cardiovascular events and mortality. Aortic stenosis (AS), the most frequent valvular heart disease in developed countries, causes myocardial fibrosis due to ventricular pressure overload. The current study aimed to investigate whether fQRS is associated with long-term mortality after isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with severe AS.METHODSA total of 289 patients who underwent SAVR for severe AS between May 2009 and January 2020 with interpretable electrocardiogram were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of fQRS. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were used to detect cumulative survival rates. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the predictors of all-cause mortality.RESULTSfQRS occurred in 126 (43.5%) patients. A total of 59 (20.4%) patients died over a follow-up period of 54 ± 32 months. All-cause mortality was higher in the fQRS group (23 [14.1%] vs 36 [28.6], log-rank test P = 0.002) in the long term. The presence of fQRS [hazard ratio (HR): 1.802, confidence interval (CI): 1.035–3.135, P = 0.037], electrocardiographic left ventricular strain (HR: 1.836, CI: 1.036–3.254, P = 0.038) and history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (HR: 3.130, CI: 1.528–6.412, P = 0.002) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality in the multivariable Cox regression model.CONCLUSIONSfQRS is associated with a 1.8-fold increase in long-term mortality in patients undergoing isolated SAVR for severe AS. Detecting fQRS in electrocardiograms may provide prognostic information about the long-term outcomes.
Characterization of Beauville’s Numbers via Hodge Theory
Authors: Li Muxi , Sheng Mao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We provide a new Hodge theoretical characterization of the set of complex numbers that arises from the complete list, due to A. Beauville, of semistable families of elliptic curves over ${\mathbb {P}}^1$ with four singular fibers. The characterization is approached via a detailed analysis of the periodicity of the uniformizing Higgs bundle attached to ${\mathbb {P}}^1$ minus four points over the field of complex numbers.