bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformational learning for sustainability leadership – essential components in synergy
Authors: Bryant Jayne , Ayers James , Missimer Merlina , Broman Göran 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Transformative learning (TL) and leadership are key leverage points for supporting society’s transition toward sustainability. The purpose of this study is to identify essential components of TL within an international sustainability leadership master’s program in Sweden that has been described by many students as life-changing, empowering and transformational.

Design/methodology/approach
Alumni spanning 15 cohorts provided answers to a survey and the responses were used to map components of TL as experienced by the students.

Findings
The survey confirms the anecdotal assertions that the program is transformational. The findings suggest that community, place, pedagogy, concepts and content, disorientation and hope and agency are essential components, combined with the synergy of those into an integrated whole that support transformational change according to many respondents.

Originality/value
This study provides program designers and educators with suggested components and emphasizes their integration and synergy, to support TL experiences for sustainability leaders.
An analysis of the smoking debate ahead of Bernays’ “Torches of Freedom” campaign through the lens of the New York Times coverage (1870–1929)
Authors: Topić Martina 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the social debate on women, health and smoking in the New York Times from 1870 until 1929. The paper aimed to establish whether smoking for women was a form of oppression and whether it was publicly known that smoking is harmful in decades preceding the “Torches of Freedom” campaign run by Edward L. Bernays. This criticism for engineering women’s smoking, and thus harming women’s health up to today causes harm to the reputation of the public relations (PR) industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Articles were analysed per decade and a total of 294 articles from the New York Times was analysed. The coverage was analysed using two themes, smoking and health and women and smoking and discourse analysis have been carried out on articles in these themes to explore what was known of smoking and whether the social perception of women smoking was oppressive and could be seen as a woman’s issue that “Torches of Freedom” addressed.

Findings
Findings show that it was not known that cigarettes were harmful to health and that smoking can be seen as constituting part of women’s oppression in the US before the “Torches of Freedom” campaign. The oppression of women who smoked intensified during the 1920s and Bernays’ Torches of Freedom campaign directly addressed an existing social issue rather than engineering a campaign and manipulating women to start smoking.

Practical implications
The paper highlights the revolutionary potential in Bernays’ campaign. This could inspire researchers and consumers to keep on critically reflecting on PR campaigns while still appreciating any progressive agenda they might contribute to. Simultaneously, PR practitioners may take away from the article that a message of social relevance may just be more memorable than the advertised brand itself.

Originality/value
This paper engages with the coverage of the New York Times, a newspaper that is often mentioned in the context of the “Torches of Freedom” campaign success and explores in detail what the debate on smoking, health and women were in nearly 60 years preceding the much-criticised campaign.
Factors influencing the rate of formation of tree‐related microhabitats and implications for biodiversity conservation and forest management
Authors: Courbaud Benoit , Larrieu Laurent , Kozak Daniel , Kraus Daniel , Lachat Thibault , Ladet Sylvie , Müller Jörg , Paillet Yoan , Sagheb‐Talebi Khosro , Schuck Andreas , Stillhard Jonas , Svoboda Miroslav , Zudin Sergey 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The retention of trees bearing tree‐related microhabitats (TreMs) has become an important means of conserving biodiversity in production forests. However, we lack estimates of TreM formation rates and evidence on factors driving TreM formation.

Based on the observation of 80,099 living trees from 19 species groups in Europe and Iran, we estimated the probability of TreM occurrence on trees and the associated rate of first TreM formation as a function of tree DBH, management, tree species group and random site effects. We built a separate model for each of 11 TreM groups.

The hazard rate of first TreM formation (defined as the probability of formation of a first TreM forming on a tree that is known to have none, during an infinitesimal DBH increment) increased with DBH for some TreM groups like breeding‐woodpecker‐hole, rot‐hole or root‐concavity, indicating an acceleration in TreM formation during tree growth. However, it decreased with DBH for TreM groups like bark‐loss or dendrotelm, indicating slower formation on very large trees. Most TreM groups had reduced formation rates in managed forests (last logging less than 100 years ago) compared to unmanaged forests (no logging for at least 100 years), with the exception of dendrotelms. No general difference appeared between broadleaves and conifers, but early‐successional species tended to have different TreMs than mid‐ and late‐successional species. Abies, Alnus, Betula, Fagus, Prunus, Quercus, Sorbus, Tilia and Ulmus displayed high formation rates for six TreM groups or more. Variability among sites was considerable.

Synthesis and applications. The rate of formation of tree‐related microhabitats (TreMs) varies greatly among TreM groups, tree species, locations, tree diameters at breast height and forest management. The high rate of formation of some TeM groups on small trees implies that tree retention for biodiversity should concern trees of all sizes and start as soon as thinning operations have occurred. Biodiversity conservation should value not only forest stands and trees that already have many TreMs but also those where the likelihood of future TreM formation is high due to species, maturity or local environmental conditions. The addition of quantitative models of TreM formation to forest stand dynamics simulators is necessary to better take into account biodiversity conservation in forest management.
Routine screening for hepatitis C in pregnancy is cost‐effective in a large urban population in Ireland: a retrospective study
Authors: McCormick CA , Domegan L , Carty PG , Drew R , McAuliffe FM , O’Donohoe O , White N , Garvey P , O’Grady M , De Gascun CF , McCormick PA 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether risk factor‐based screening in pregnancy is failing to identify women with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to assess the cost‐effectiveness of universal screening.DesignRetrospective study and model‐based economic evaluation.SettingTwo urban tertiary referral maternity units, currently using risk factor‐based screening for HCV infection.PopulationPregnant women who had been tested for hepatitis B, HIV but not HCV.MethodsAnonymised sera were tested for HCV antibody. Positive sera were tested for HCV antigen. A cost‐effectiveness analysis of a change to universal screening was performed using a Markov model to simulate disease progression and Monte Carlo simulations for probabilistic sensitivity analysis.Main outcome measuresPresence of HCV antigen and cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY).ResultsIn all, 4655 samples were analysed. Twenty had HCV antibodies and five HCV antigen. This gives an active infection rate of 5/4655, or 0.11%, compared with a rate of 0.15% in the risk‐factor group. This prevalence is 65% lower than a previous study in the same hospitals from 2001 to 2005. The calculated incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for universal screening was €3,315 per QALY gained.ConclusionThis study showed that the prevalence of HCV infection in pregnant women in the Dublin region has declined by 65% over the past two decades. Risk factor‐based screening misses a significant proportion of infections. A change to universal maternal screening for hepatitis C would be cost‐effective in our population.Tweetable abstractUniversal maternal screening for hepatitis C is cost‐effective in this urban Irish population.
Faecal microbiota transplantation‐mediated jejunal microbiota changes halt high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in mice via retarding intestinal fat absorption
Authors: Zhu Luoyi , Fu Jie , Xiao Xiao , Wang Fengqin , Jin Mingliang , Fang Weihuan , Wang Yizhen , Zong Xin 
Published: October 2021

SummaryFaecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is considered as a promising technology to fight against obesity. Wild boar has leanermuscle and less fat in comparison to the domestic pig, which were thought to be related with microbiota. To investigate the function and mechanism of the wild boar microbiota on obesity, we first analysed the wild boar microbiota composition via 16S rDNA sequencing, which showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria. Then, we established a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity model, and transfer low and high concentrations of wild boar faecal suspension in mice for 9 weeks. The results showed that FMT prevented HFD‐induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorders, and altered the jejunal microbiota composition especially increasing the abundance of the Lactobacillus and Romboutsia, which were negatively correlated with obesity‐related indicators. Moreover, we found that the anti‐obesity effect of wild boar faecal suspension was associated with jejunal N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) levels. Overall, these results suggest that FMT has a mitigating effect on HFD‐induced obesity, which may be due to the impressive effects of FMT on the microbial composition and structure of the jejunum. These changes further alter intestinal lipid metabolism and m6A levels to achieve resistance to obesity.
Multiple myeloma masquerading as mandibular medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case report
Authors: Danskin Y , Alhajji D , Singh A , Rota A , Huryn JM , Estilo CL 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis is a unique case report of a 67‐year‐old female diagnosed with multiple myeloma and extensive use of intravenous bisphosphonate, whose clinical and radiographic presentation of an oral lesion made it challenging to confirm its definitive diagnosis. This patient was referred to the dental service for a suspected medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Clinically, the lesion was located underneath a fixed partial denture in the left posterior mandible. There was a purulent swelling on the lingual side of the fixed partial denture, and a hyperplastic exophytic lesion on the buccal side of the bridge. Panoramic radiograph showed a well circumscribed radiolucent lesion in the left mandible. A biopsy of the gingival lesion on the buccal aspect was inconclusive. As the positron emission tomography scan showed lytic lesions, oral manifestation of multiple myeloma could not be ruled out. A computed tomography‐guided biopsy of the left mandible showed plasma cell neoplasm in the histological analysis. Upon confirmed diagnosis, the patient was treated with 20Gy to the left mandible and subsequent debridement of the loose necrotic bone. Following treatment, this gingival lesion resolved completely, and the tumour has remained stable till date.
Thrombogenicity of biomaterials depends on hemodynamic shear rate
Authors: Han Qing , Shea Susan M. , Arleo Timothy , Qian Joshua Y. , Ku David N. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile it is well recognized that different biomaterials induce thrombosis at low shear rates, the effect of high shear rates may be quite different. We hypothesize that the amount of thrombus formation on a given material can be greatly influenced by the local shear rate.MethodsWe tested this hypothesis with two different whole blood perfusion loop assays to quantify biomaterial thrombogenicity as a function of shear stress. One assay uses obstructive posts (pins) of material positioned centrally in a tube perfused at high shear rate of >5000/s for 24 h. A second assay uses a parallel plate chamber to perfuse low (<150/s), medium (~500/s), and high shear rates over 96 h. We evaluated the thrombogenicity of seven different biomaterials including stainless steel, acrylic, ceramic, Dacron, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silicone, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).ResultsFor the pin assay, thrombus mass was significantly greater for stainless steel than either zirconia ceramic or acrylic (p < 0.001). Similarly, the parallel plate chamber at high shear showed that steel and PTFE (p < 0.02) occluded the chamber faster than acrylic. In contrast, a low shear parallel plate chamber revealed that stainless steel and PTFE wereleastthrombogenic, while silicone, Dacron, and other plastics such as acrylic weremostthrombogenic. Histology revealed that high shear thrombi had a large proportion of platelets not seen in the low shear fibrin‐rich thrombi.ConclusionThis differential thrombogenicity based on shear rate conditions may be important in the selection of biomaterials for blood‐contacting devices.
Practising fashion and wardrobe studies: A geographical reframing?
Authors: Maguire Helen , Fahy Frances 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEveryday household sustainability challenges and dilemmas, particularly related to consumption of domestic resources energy, water, and food, are already an important focus in contemporary geographical inquiry. This paper seeks to advance the perspective by exploring a less obvious aspect: everyday fashion consumption practices specifically in the use phase of clothing. Whereas research on clothing sustainability impact has largely pursued production, acquisition, and divestment, here the spotlight is on the active everyday use of clothing already owned. Data were gathered in Ireland using wardrobe studies, a range of visual, verbal, and aural methodological approaches employed to uncover knowledge about wardrobe contents, user practices, cultures, and experiences, along with overarching systems. A central aim of the paper is to explore what geography can learn from wardrobe studies methodologies, thereby opening new opportunities to investigate and to generate valuable data regarding sustainable consumption in both the home and the wardrobe. Consequent to a critical review of current geographical work concerning the sustainability implications of clothing use and an examination of existing research on the geographical dimensions of household sustainability, the paper presents some key ways in which wardrobe studies may be more widely employed by geographers as an effective research method to reframe, analyse, and appreciate the complexities of everyday actions in the clothing use phase. Much research on clothing sustainability impact has largely pursued production, acquisition, and divestment. Here, the spotlight is on the active everyday use of clothing already owned. Data were gathered in Ireland using wardrobe studies, a range of visual, verbal, and aural methodological approaches employed to uncover knowledge about wardrobe contents, user practices, cultures, and experiences, along with overarching systems. A central aim of the paper is to explore what geography can learn from wardrobe studies methodologies, thereby opening new opportunities to investigate and to generate valuable data regarding sustainable consumption in both the home and the wardrobe.
Populist ecologies
Authors: Atkins Ed , Menga Filippo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRight‐wing variants of populism are on the rise across the globe, creating new patterns of interaction between society and the environment. These new socio‐ecological relationships – dubbed “populist ecologies” – are not homogenous and, instead, can vary from country to country and populist to populist. In this paper, we adopt two illustrative case studies to outline two particular right‐wing populist ecologies. First, we turn to the government of Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil (2019 onwards) and detail the ways in which Bolsonaro's anti‐science agenda is evident in his response to patterns of deforestation and the “burning of the Amazon” in 2019. Second, we explore the politics of Matteo Salvini in Italy, highlighting how, in this form of right‐wing populism, the environment has become a container for wider political ambitions. In doing so, this work highlights the complexity of the relationship between contemporary right‐wing populism and the environment – and the ways in which populist ecologies may act to conceal the more‐nefarious elements of the populist moment.
The “stateless” Rohingya in Bangladesh: Crisis management and policy responses
Authors: Habib Md Reza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince 1978, subjugation, discrimination, and human rights violations have forced the Rohingya to flee Myanmar and seek refuge in Bangladesh. The legalized “statelessness” and marginalized ethnoreligious status of the Rohingya in Myanmar and their violent expulsion eventually determined their status in Bangladesh and the government response. Initially, the Bangladesh government and local communities took a liberal attitude towards the humanitarian crisis, accommodated the refugees in camps along the border region, and offered assistance. However, there are over a million Rohingya in the country now, and its resources limited, to begin with, are under enormous strain. The tensions between the Rohingya and host communities have led the government to oppose the integration and encourage the voluntary repatriation of refugees to Myanmar. This study analyses the shift in Bangladesh government domestic, as well as regional policies such as Look East policy, in managing the Rohingya crisis and proffers policy recommendations at the end.
Personal condition but social cure: Agentic ingroups elevate well‐being in chronically ill patients through perceptions of personal control
Authors: Relke Susanne , Fritsche Immo , Masson Torsten , Kleine Anne‐Kathrin , Thien Katharina , von Glahn Lisa , Leuteritz Katja , Richter Diana 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesSocial‐cure research has shown that ingroup identification can be beneficial for personal health and well‐being. Initial evidence for healthy participants suggests that this might be due to group membership providing a sense of personal control. In this research, we investigate this pathway for chronically ill patients, assuming that any ingroup (even patient identity) can serve as social cure by increasing control as long as the ingroup is perceived as agentic (i.e., effective).DesignWe conducted six correlational field studies with patients suffering from different chronic conditions, e.g., cancer (Ntotal = 795).MethodsAll participants were asked about one specific ingroup, e.g., their self‐help group. Our main measures were ingroup identification, ingroup agency, personal control and well‐being, as well as self‐esteem and social support (both discussed as alternative mediators). We performed simple mediation and/or moderated mediation analyses for each study and across studies (merging Studies 2–6).ResultsOverall, the impact of ingroup identification on personal well‐being was uniquely mediated via personal control (Studies 1, 2, 3, 6) but, as expected, only for those perceiving their ingroup as highly agentic (Studies 4, 5, 6).ConclusionsIngroup agency is a boundary condition for the control‐based pathway of the social cure effect supporting the model of group‐based control. This has practical implications for clinical interventions with chronically ill patients.
C‐reactive protein (CRP) trajectory as a predictor of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Hoek Vincent T. , Sparreboom Cloë L. , Wolthuis Albert M. , Menon Anand G. , Kleinrensink Gert‐Jan , D'Hoore André , Komen Niels , Lange Johan F. ,   the APPEAL II collaborators
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify whether CRP‐trajectory measurement, including increase in CRP‐level of 50 mg/l per day, is an accurate predictor of anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients undergoing resection for rectal cancer.MethodsA prospective multicentre database was used. CRP was recorded on the first three postoperative days. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyse performances of CRP‐trajectory measurements between postoperative day (POD) 1–2, 2–3, 1–3 and between any two days.ResultsA total of 271 patients were included in the study. AL was observed in 12.5% (34/271). Increase in CRP‐level of 50 mg/l between POD 1–2 had a negative predictive value of 0.92, specificity of 0.71 and sensitivity of 0.57. Changes in CRP‐levels between POD 2–3 were associated with a negative predictive value, specificity and sensitivity of 0.89, 0.93 and 0.26, respectively. Changes in CRP‐levels between POD 1–3 showed a negative predictive value of 0.94, specificity of 0.76 and sensitivity of 0.65. In addition, 50 mg/l changes between any two days showed a negative predictive value of 0.92, specificity of 0.66 and sensitivity of 0.62. The area under the ROC curve for all CRP‐trajectory measurements ranged from 0.593–0.700.ConclusionThe present study showed that CRP‐trajectory between postoperative days lacks predictive value to singularly rule out AL. Early and safe discharge in patients undergoing rectal surgery for adenocarcinoma cannot be guaranteed based on this parameter. High negative predictive values are mainly caused by the relatively low prevalence of AL.
Long‐term (1979–2019) dynamics of protected orchid bees in Panama
Authors: Roubik David W. , Basset Yves , Lopez Yacksecari , Bobadilla Ricardo , Perez Filonila , Ramírez S. José Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlants and pollinators are linked but their dynamics are scarcely known. Chemical monitoring of male “orchid bees” at two sites revealed 75% of species were stable or increasing. Forest bees of 33 species, with live sighting at Pipeline Road (PR), and trapping on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), included 132,000 individuals. No species or community changes occurred in strong El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate events, which lasted 145 total months during more than 70 bee generations. Parasite and host bees fluctuated in unison. A few very common species, adapted to relatively disturbed habitat, diminished over time at PR, while sightings and traps revealed stable abundance ranks in Euglossa 40 years on BCI. Bee abundance and biomass were stable but 50% of species had few records. Orchid bees appear more stable in older forest, they were evidently insulated from ENSO disturbance, and probably benefit from the increasing abundance of flowering lianas and vines.