bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the urban heat islands phenomenon in a small city: the study case of Três Rios/RJ, Brazil
Authors: Neves Silva Yuri Matheus , Silva Helder Martins , De Andrade Silva Raiany Dias , Marques Eduardo Duarte , De Oliveira Gomes Olga Venimar 
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of urban heat islands (UHI) is caused by the increase in temperatures of an urban area as a result of the development of human activities within that area, this phenomenon is usually studied in medium and large cities. This study aims to verify if the phenomenon of UHI occurs in the municipality of Três Rios – RJ, a small sized city. This study included the use of mobile transect, through pre-established data collection points/stations. Five data collection points were selected, from which one was included in a rural area, one in the Parque Natural Municipal (Urban Park, within the city), and three points within the urbanized area. The equipment used was the Brunton® / ADC PRO handheld weather station. The data collection period ranged from September 2018 until July 2019, which included the four seasons. Measurements were taken at 6:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, and 21:00h, in alternate days during the study period. Considering the temperature measurements, two different indicators of thermal variability were used. Strong magnitude heat islands were detected, taking into consideration the relevant variation of maximum temperatures observed in the urban area when compared to the rural area. The results indicate the most affected populations to be the ones located within urban areas, mostly individuals under socioeconomic vulnerability. The results obtained can be used as support for the development of strategies to minimize the thermal discomfort to populations exposed to the influence of higher magnitude urban heat islands.
Analysis of the water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus in a water supply system in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Alves Isaura Macêdo , Bezerra Saulo de Tarso Marques , Silva Gilson Lima da , Duarte Armando Dias , Maranduba Henrique Leonardo 
Published: December 2021

In recent years, water utilities have been under pressure to increase the efficiency of their processes, mainly due to the decrease in water availability and the need to increase environmental sustainability in their processes. Leak reduction is clearly an important part of sustainable management in the water industry, and its impacts should be assessed with a broader environmental protection objective. This study aimed to present an environmental and energy assessment of the water supply system (WSS) in Caruaru City, northeast of Brazil, for different levels of water loss. This research is one of the first to assess the environmental impacts of a WSS in Latin America. Primary data adopted for preparing the inventory were provided by the water utility, and modeling and analysis were performed with the SimaPro 8.0® program. Cumulative energy demand (CED) was used to track the energy consumption of the system’s life cycle. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were calculated through the IPCC GWP 100a method with emissions expressed as CO2-Eq. The data sets from life-cycle inventories were used from the Ecoinvent 3.1 database. Four scenarios with different levels of water loss were analyzed. Scenario S0 was represented with the real conditions of the system, whereas the others considered hypothetical indices. The percentages proposed for Scenarios S1, S2, and S3 were based on indices that indicate good loss rate in the distribution network for the Brazilian reality (25%), reduction by half of loss rates, and excellent loss rates for the water pipeline system (5%) and distribution network (10%). The analysis of the processes’ contributions showed that the electricity consumption of the pumping systems of water mains represented the greatest environmental impact in all scenarios. The most efficient scenario would result in a 52% reduction in the emission of GHGs, demonstrating that the increase in the hydraulic efficiency of the distribution networks represents a significant opportunity to reduce the environmental impacts of the processes.
Wavelet transform for medium-range streamflows projections in national interconnected system
Authors: Sousa Lima Carlos Eduardo , Maciel da Silva Marx Vinicius , Da Silva Silveira Cleiton , Vasconcelos Junior Francisco das Chagas 
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to analyze the variability of average annual streamflow time series of the National Interconnected System (NIS) (Brazil) and create a projection model of future streamflow scenarios from 3 to 10 years using wavelet transform (WT). The streamflow time series were used and divided into two periods, namely, 1931–2005 and 2006–2017, for calibration and verification, respectively. The annual series was standardized, and by the WT, it was decomposed into two bands plus the residue for each base posts (BP) for later reconstruction. Then, an autoregressive (AR) model per band and residue was made. The projection was obtained by adding the AR models. For performance evaluation, a qualitative analysis of the cumulative probability distribution of the projected years and an analysis of the likelihood were performed. The model identified the probability distribution function of the projected years and obtained a likelihood ratio of > 1 in most SIN regions, indicating that this methodology can capture the mediumrange variability.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL KARO ORNAMENTS IN THE INCULTURATIVE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF BERASTAGI
Authors: Hasugian Viktor Saimar Lamhot , Mesra Mesra 
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by the uniqueness of the Karo Berastagi Inculturative Catholic Church, where there are ornaments on the walls of the buildings that adopt the architecture of the traditional Karo traditional house and the incorporation of Christian ornaments. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape, color, meaning and placement of ornaments in the Berastagi Inculturative Catholic Church. The research method in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used are field observations, interviews and documentation. Precisely in the shape of the ornament, the color of the ornament, the meaning of the ornament and the placement of the ornament. This change is also not much different from the traditional Karo onamen in general. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh keunikan dari Gereja Katolik Inkulturatif Karo Berastagi dimana terdapat Ornamen-ornamen pada dinding bangunan yang mengadopsi arsitektur pada rumah adat Tradisional Karo dan adanya penggabungan ornamen kekristenan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Bentuk, Warna, Makna dan penempatan ornamen pada Gereja Katolik Inkulturatif Berastagi. Metode penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah observasi lapangan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Tepatnya pada bentuk ornamen, warna ornamen, makna ornamen da penempatan ornamen. Perubahan tersebut juga tidak jauh beda dari onamen Tradisional Karo pada umumnya. Kata Kunci: Ornamen; Catholic Chuch; Tradisional Karo ;Inkulturatif; Berastagi
El manejo debido de las incidencias procesales
Authors: Castillo Canto Juan Francisco 
Published: December 2021

No cabe la menor duda que el proceso civil panameño es un proceso complejo. Y lo es porque definitivamente, en fase de postulación, permite la participación de cualquier cantidad de involucrados, con solo acreditar que tiene y mantiene alguna relación con el objeto del proceso. Igual aplica para la parte demandada, que puede comprometer a una o a muchas personas vinculadas con la pretensión. También incide en la complejidad del proceso, que el sistema permita la invocación de excepciones procesales de todo tipo e incluso aquellas que no tienen una denominación conocida – las indeterminadas –. Pero de todas, la situación que más conflicto crea en la tramitación regular de un caso, son los incidentes o cuestiones accidentales que se presentan en los procesos y que como la ley lo dice, requieren de una decisión especial.
Por supuesto que la atención de un proceso complejo, donde abundan acciones y mociones de todo tipo, por parte de los involucrados, provoca muchas dudas y ciertas irregularidades en la tramitación y conducción del proceso.
Afortunadamente el mismo sistema procesal panameño, tiene las herramientas jurídicas para responder a esas situaciones, sin afectar el debate de fondo que es el reconocimiento de los derechos consignados en la ley substancial.
Son estas reflexiones producto del estudio analítico de las disposiciones del Código Judicial sobre el tema y la experiencia en el manejo de los casos, son las que queremos compartir en este escrito.
A diagnostic study of contrasting rainfall epochs over Mumbai
Authors: DUTTA S. N. , DE U. S. 
Published: December 2021

An attempt has made to diagnose the synoptic features and some dynamic and thermodynamic parameters associated with contrasting rainfall situations (on consecutive days) during the monsoon season, over Mumbai. Study has been made for two contrasting monsoon years, viz. 1987 (Bad monsoon year) and 1988 (Good monsoon year). For this study RS data of Mumbai have been used.

In many cases heavy rainfall on an isolated day over Mumbai is associated with the following synoptic systems (a) a trough on sea level chart running along west coast through Maharashtra Coast and (b) a cyclonic circulation (CYCIR) over Gujarat in the lower/middle tropospheric level.

At least one of the above two systems ceased to exist on the days of light rainfall.

Weighted average value of moist static energy is more on the day of heavy rainfall. In most of the cases convective available potential energy (CAPE) is also more on the day of heavy rainfall. LFC, on most of the cases, is seen to have lowered down on the days of heavy rainfall. Variation in upper air flow pattern and scorer parameter also gave very interesting clues to variation of rainfall on contrasting days.
Analysis and correlation of ultraviolet solar radiation from routine meteorological measurements over Egypt
Authors: SALEM A. I. 
Published: December 2021

For three years (1990-92) measurements of the monthly average daily global, G, and ultraviolet, UV, solar radiation incident on a horizontal surface at Cairo (30°15'N, 31°17'E) and Aswan (23°58'N, 32°47'E) are presented. processed and analysed. It was found that the computed monthly average daily values for the obtained solar radiation components, G and UV, were (18.1 MJ/m2, 0.55 MJ/m2, for Cairo and (22.1 MJ/m2, 0.71 MJ/m2, for Aswan. The effect of atmospheric dust on the measured solar radiation components is also investigated and discussed. The ratio of the ultraviolet to global radiation (UV/G) are calculated and compared with other sites in the Arabian Peninsula. A regression analysis has been done to find a correlation between G and UV at the selected sites during the three year period and the recommended correlation equations have also been stated.

Since the meteorological measurements of UV solar radiation are not available over Egypt. except at Cairo (Lower Egypt) and Aswan (Upper Egypt) stations, our correlation equations can be used to calculate this component from the available global solar radiation measurements at any site in the two zones of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Measurement and analysis of refractive index structure constant Cn2 profile over Delhi on diurnal and seasonal basis
Authors: ANSARI M.I. , KUNDU S.K. , SAIKRISHNAN K.C. , MADAN RANJU 
Published: December 2021

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The radio refractivity is an important factor which effects radio wave propagation. Radio refractivity depends upon the physical states of atmosphere, i.e., its temperature, pressure and humidity. Radars are sensitive to refractive index irregularities on scale size equal to half wavelength of Radar. Backscattered power is dependent on the magnitude of refractive index structure constant Cn2. Hence Cn2values of a place are useful for designing weather radar specially wind profiler radars. This paper is an attempt to map the profile of refractive index structure constant Cn2 of atmosphere in the upper atmosphere, over Delhi on diurnal and seasonal basis.
Some statistics of Ionospheric total electron content variations at mid-latitude zones of Mongolia
Authors: Dagva Baatarkhuu , Sharav Amarjargal , Chultemiin Lkhagvajav 
Published: December 2021

This work is focused on the correlation of ionosphere total electron content (TEC) with solar and geomagnetic activities of the space weather at mid-latitude zone. In our analysis, we investigate the TEC time series obtained from dual-frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) observations at three continuous GPS/GNSS stations HOVD (48.00N, 91.66E), CHOB (48.08N, 114.53E) and DALN (43.56N, 104.42) for 2013. The statistical analyses are performed on 15 minute averaged yearly TEC values, which reveal the semi-annual anomaly and high correlation with the activities of the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Phase overlapping seasonal variations of TEC and Sunspot, and Solar flux (10.7) indices, and Earth rotations (LOD) and Atmospheric angular moment (AAM) are observed in our data analyses. Sudden ionospheric storm changes in TEC with geomagnetic storm induced by the extreme solar flare and 2013 events were investigated. The result shows that GPS derived TEC behaves as an indicator of these events showing sudden increase in TEC during the event.
The Myxobiota of the Łagiewnicki Forest in Łódź (Central Poland)
Authors: Maria Salamaga Agnieszka 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein, the results of studies conducted in the Łagiewnicki Forest in the city of Łódź (central Poland) in 2010–2012 are presented. These were the first long-term observations into myxomycetes in the Łagiewnicki Forest and in central Poland. Investigations were conducted using the route method for the entire forest complex (2010–2012). Additionally, twelve logs were selected in the “Las Łagiewnicki” forest reserve for detailed observations in 2011–2012; these logs belonged to four tree species:Betula pendulaRoth,Carpinus betulusL.,Quercussp., andPicea abies(L.) H. Karst. In total, 1,561 specimens were collected and were classified into 96 taxa (91 species and five varieties). Three species (Diderma saundersii,Oligonema flavidum, andDidymium eximium) are new to the biota of Poland, while five (Arcyria stipata,Hemitrichia calyculata,Oligonema schweinitzii,Physarum flavicomum, andPhysarum robustum) are included on the red list of rare myxomycetes in Poland.Stemonitopsis amoenais also classified as a rare species; to date, this species has been reported in one locality in Poland. The scale by Stephenson et al. was used to determine the frequency of occurrence of individual taxa; 55 taxa were classified as rare, nine as sporadic, 26 as common, and six as abundant taxa. Three ecological groups of slime molds were identified based on the type of substrate they colonized: lignicolous (54 taxa), foliicolous (seven taxa), and corticolous (two taxa). No preference for the substrate was noticed in a group of 33 taxa that occurred on different substrate types. The phenology of myxomycete occurrence was also analyzed; 49 taxa occurred throughout the entire vegetative season, while only single records of species that were found in specific months were noted. The biota collected in the “Las Łagiewnicki” forest reserve and that in a Łagiewnicki Forest segment outside it (of the same size and the same occurrence of plant communities as in the reserve) in 2011–2012 were also compared.
Ordinary Fragmentation: Network Secession of Urban Centers in Jakarta
Authors: Astuti Wahyu Kusuma , Herlambang Suryono 
Published: December 2021

Drawing from the literature on ‘premium networked spaces’, introduced in Graham and Marvin’s seminal work Splintering Urbanism in 2001, this paper argues that splintering or fragmentation of networks – and ultimately urban space – is constituted in so-called premium enclaves in Jakarta. Our study exemplifies that significant land acquisition and discretionary zoning policy contribute to the splintering of Jakarta’s urban space. This paper uses the TB Simatupang corridor in South Jakarta and Puri Indah CBD in West Jakarta to illustrate the interplay between urban planning and secessionary space production in high-profile economic districts. Lastly, this paper proposes the ‘ordinary fragmented network’ as the norm and expands the idea of the splintering of marginalized parts of the city to also incorporate areas within premium network spaces as part of splintering urbanism.

Abstrak. Diambil dari literatur tentang 'ruang jaringan premium' yang diperkenalkan dalam karya mani Graham dan Marvin pada tahun 2001, Splintering Urbanism, makalah ini berpendapat bahwa splintering atau fragmentasi jaringan – dan akhirnya ruang perkotaan, dibentuk dalam apa yang disebut kantong-kantong premium di Jakarta. Studi kami menunjukkan bahwa pembebasan lahan dan kebijakan zonasi diskresioner yang signifikan berkontribusi pada pecahnya ruang kota Jakarta. Makalah ini menggunakan koridor TB Simatupang di Jakarta Selatan dan CBD Puri Indah di Jakarta Barat untuk menggambarkan interaksi antara perencanaan kota dan produksi jaringan pemisahan di distrik ekonomi kelas atas. Terakhir, makalah ini mengusulkan 'jaringan terfragmentasi biasa' sebagai norma dan menggeser ide-ide sempalan dari hanya bagian kota yang terpinggirkan untuk menggabungkan area dalam 'ruang jaringan premium' sebagai bagian dari urbanisme yang terpecah.

Kata kunci. Pusat perkotaan, jaringan terfragmentasi, jaringan jalan, Jakarta.
Palbosiklib’in Triple Negatif Meme Kanseri Hücre Hatları (MDA-MB-231 ve MDA-MB-468) Üzerine Sitotoksik Etkisi
Authors: BULUT Gülcan , ATMACA Harika , KARACA Burçak 
Published: December 2021

Giriş ve amaç: Triple negatif meme kanseri, en agresif meme kanseri türüdür ve kemoterapiden başka bir tedavi seçeneği yoktur. Palbosiklib (PD), Siklin Bağımlı Kinaz (CDK4/6) aktivitelerini inhibe eder. PD, düşük nanomolar konsantrasyonlarda Rb genlerini sağlam olan meme kanseri hücrelerinin proliferasyonunu inhibe eder ve DNA replikasyonunu baskılar. Rb yolu meme kanseri fenotipine göre farklılık gösterdiğinden, PD tedavisine duyarlılık da değişir. PD'nin hormonoterapiyle kombine edilmesi hormon pozitif meme kanseri tedavisinde iyi bir seçenektir. Bu çalışmada PD’nin triple negatif meme kanseri hücre hatlarındaki (MDA-MB-231 ve MDA-MB-468) sitotoksik etkileri araştırılmıştır.
Yöntemler: Triple negatif bu hücre hatları uygun besi yerine ekilip; uygun inkübatörde çoğaltıldı. Yeterli canlı hücre sayısına ulaşınca besiyerindeki hücreler deney planına göre planlanan dozda palbosiklib ile muamele edildi. XTT hücre canlılığı Kiti kullanılarak hücre canlılığı 24,48 ve 72. saatte ölçüldü. Hücrelerin %50 sini öldüren doz: IC50 değerleri CalcuSyn v2.0 yazılımı ile hesaplandı. Her deney üç tekrarlı olarak gerçekleştirildi. Grafikler ve istatistiksel analiz Graphpad 5.0 yazılımı kullanılarak yapıldı. Data analizi için ANOVA, ardından Dunnet test uygulandı. p≤0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Palbosiklib; MDA-MB-231 hücre hattı üzerinde artan konsantrasyonlarda (1-50 μM) zamana bağlı sitotoksik etki gösterdi (p≤0.05). 72. saatteki IC50 değeri ise 26.2 μM olarak hesaplandı. Aynı şekilde, PD artan konsantrasyonlarda (1-50 μM) MDA-MB-468 hücre hattı üzerinde zamana bağlı sitotoksik etki gösterdi (p≤0.05). 72. saatteki IC50 değeri ise 34.2 μM olarak hesaplandı.
Tartışma ve Sonuç: Hızlı prolifere olan triple negatif meme kanserinde CDK4 ve CDK 6 sistemini hedeflemek ve palbosiklib ile olası hücresel arresti sağlamak bu çalışmanın primer amacıydı ve bu hücre kültür deneyi ile palbosiklibin kanserli hücreler üzerinde doz ve zamana bağlı olarak artan sitotoksisitesi gösterildi. Bu çalışma; ilaç kombinasyonu çalışmalarına ve in vivo çalışmalar ışık tutacak niteliktedir.
Técnicas de animación para la comprensión y narración de procesos de montaje constructivos
Authors: Maciá Torregrosa María Eugenia 
Published: December 2021

The inclusion of ICT in university teaching in the Degree in Architecture as well as the huge amount of information from various fields that students handle can divert the focus of attention from the general and basic skills that an architect must have in terms of the construction of a building. Through this article, it is proposed to showthe use of a simple and free animation tool that helps to generate the assembly of architectural projects and a better understanding of all the variables associated withthese construction assembly processes. In this way, it is possible to combine all the disciplines in one thanks to a "virtual execution of a work" that will anticipate theproper use of more complex collaborative tools, will facilitate the acquisition of important skills for professional life and will avoid failures in the development orerrors in execution.
La inclusión de las TIC en la docencia universitaria en el Grado en Arquitectura así como la ingente cantidad de información de diversos ámbitos que manejan los alumnos pueden desviar el foco de atención de las aptitudes generales y básicas que debe tener un arquitecto en cuanto a la construcción de un edificio se refiere. Se propone, a través de este artículo, mostrar el empleo de una herramienta de animación sencilla y gratuita que ayuda a la generación del montaje de los proyectos arquitectónicos y la mejor comprensión de todas las variables asociadas a esos procesos de montaje constructivos. De esta manera es posible aunar todas las disciplinas en una gracias a una “ejecución virtual de una obra” que anticipará el buen uso de herramientas colaborativas más complejas, facilitará la adquisición de competencias importantes para la vida profesional y evitará fallos en el desarrollo o errores en la ejecución.
Alternativas para enseñar arquitectura: del proyecto introspectivo al campo expandido
Authors: Juarranz Serrano Angela , Rivera Linares Javier 
Published: December 2021

The teaching experience carried out in the optional subject Digital Projects (Department of Architectural Projects, School of Architecture and Design, CEU Cardenal Herrera University) proposed the application of a transdisciplinary methodology for an immersion in an expanded architectural culture. The course consisted of a contest for students through a development in ten project phases linked to other professional fields. Implicitly, the transdisciplinary condition of the course required a new teaching methodology that operates within the diversity of levels in today's world. Horizontal collaborations, external views and other relations between the students and the teacher were implemented. The proposed teaching model allowed the consolidation of an open and participatory work space, adapted to the demanding and exciting professional career of the future graduate.
La experiencia docente analizada en el presente texto se desarrolló en una asignatura optativa vinculada al área de proyectos arquitectónicos. Dentro de las asignaturas de cuarto curso, esta clase daba continuidad a la enseñanza de proyectos mediante la inmersión en un cultura arquitectónica ampliada, tanto en las referencias y conocimientos impartidos, como en los procesos e instrumentos empleados. El curso consistió en la realización de un concurso de arquitectura, mediante un desarrollo pautado en diez fases de proyecto ligadas a otros ámbitos profesionales.