bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel strain of Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila produces super-active alkaline protease during cassava effluent fermentation: process optimization, kinetic modeling and scale-up
Authors: Asitok Atim , Ekpenyong Maurice George , Takon Iquo , Antai Sylvester , Ogarekpe Nkpa , Antigha Richard , Edet Philomena , Antai Agnes , Essien Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Microbial fermentations for value-added metabolites production are exploited for efficient bioconversion of agro-industrial wastes for the dual purposes of pollution abatement and cost-effectiveness. In the present study, the regular 2-level factorial design was employed to screen fermentation parameters that enhance production of a novel alkaline protease by a strain of Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila using cassava processing effluent as substrate. Data from randomized experiments of central composite rotatable design for improved enzyme activity, guided by path of steepest ascent experiments, were modeled and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Shake flask kinetics of production under optimized conditions was modeled by logistic and modified Gompertz models and determinations of maximum specific growth rate, µmax, maximum volumetric rate of substrate consumption, rsm, maximum volumetric rate of biomass formation, rxm and specific yield of product, Yp/x were made. Logistic model poorly fitted RSM-generated product formation and substrate consumption data. However, biomass formation was accurately fitted (adjusted r2 >99%), with µmax of 0.471 h-1. The modified Gompertz model, on the contrary, more accurately fitted all three major response data with minimal mean squared error. Potential for scale-up of bioprocess evaluated in 5-L bioreactor satisfactorily revealed 8.5-fold more substrate consumption in bioreactor than in shake flask. The 86.76-fold aqueous two-phase system-purified protease had a specific activity of 1416.73 Umg-1 which improved with increasing surfactant concentration. These results suggest significant bioprocess potential for sustainable cassava effluent management and concomitant commercial production of alkaline protease for industrial detergent application.
Outcomes of 27 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Resections of Paired Primary Pulmonary and Brain Metastatic Tumours: Is EGFR Negative Mutation of Brain Metastasis Bring More Benefit?
Authors: Xu Shuonan , Zhu Jianfei , Zhong Daixing , Xia Yanmin , Wen Yingsheng , Zhang Lanjun , Jiang Tang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To analyze the heterogeneity and clinical outcomes of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation in primary tumour and corresponding brain metastasis(BM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: Primary pulmonary tumours and paired metastatic brain tumours were surgically removed from twenty-seven NSCLC patients from July 1999 to November 2013 in our hospital. All brain lesions were confirmed as metastases stemming from NSCLC by pathological examination. EGFR gene (exons 18-21) mutant status was detected in matched tumour by using amplification refraction mutation system (ARMS). If inconsistency was detected, the paired tumour was evaluated again. The McNemar test was performed to compare the consistency of the paired tumour, and the Kappa test was used to quantify the agreement of both methods.Progression free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS) were exhibited by the Kaplan-Meier.Results: In this study, of the 27 patients, nine (33.3%) cases were found to have EGFR mutations in BMs, and ten (37.0%) patients were detected positive EGFR status in primary lung tumour tissue. The rate of consistency of the matched tumour was 24/27 (88.9%, P≤0.001), and the Kappa coefficient was 0.757. Among the three cases presenting EGFR mutational heterogeneity, two patients harbored EGFR mutation in primary tumors but was negative in BMs, meanwhile, the other patient had the opposite pattern. Comparing to patients with consistent EGFR mutations(both mutant or wild),patients with inconsistent EGFR mutations tended to have better outcomes, including PFS(37.2months vs 25.0months vs 16.5months,P=0.159) and OS(53.6months vs 27.5months vs 26.8months,P=0.380), further analysis showed that two patients whose EGFR mutant-type primary tumor progressing to wild-type cerebral metastastic tumor might have longer overall survival(53.6months,37.8months) than one patient harboring reverse mutant difference(EGFR wild-type primary tumor progressing to mutant-type brain metastastic tumor) (16.7months). Also we found that patients with wild type in brain metastatic tumour had longer overall survival (OS)(mOS, 36.3 months vs 29.1months, P = 0.944).Conclusions: EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients between primary lung tumour and paired BM was heterogeneous, patients harbored wild type EGFR mutation in BM might have better outcomes, especially for positive status transferred to wild.
The Spectrum of COVID-19 in Children in Spain
Authors: Tagarro Alfredo , Cobos-Carrascosa Elena , Villaverde Serena , Sanz-Santaeufemia Francisco Javier , Grasa Carlos , Soriano-Arandes Antoni , Hernanz Alicia , Navarro María Luisa , Pino Rosa , Epalza Cristina , Batista Rosa , Rizo Jana , Iglesias-Bouzas María Isabel , Rodríguez-Molino Paula , Villanueva-Medina Sara , Carrasco-Colom Jaime , Alonso Jose Antonio , Mellado María José , Herrero Blanca , Melendo Susana , Torre Mercedes De la , Calleja Lourdes , Calvo Cristina , Urretavizcaya-Martínez Maria , Astigarraga Itziar , Menasalvas Ana , Penin María , Neth Olaf , Berzosa Arantxa , De Ceano-Vivas María , Vidal Paula , Romero Isabel , González Raúl , García María Luz , Mesa Juan Miguel , Ballesteros Alvaro , Bernardino Maria , Moraleda Cinta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: We aimed to identify the spectrum of disease in children with COVID-19, and the risk factors for admission in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs).Methods: We conducted a multicentre, prospective study of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 76 Spanish hospitals. We included children with COVID-19 or multi-inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) younger than 18 years old, attended during the first year of the pandemic.Results: We enrolled 1 200 children. A total of 666 (55.5%) were hospitalized, and 123 (18.4%) required admission to PICU. Most frequent major clinical syndromes in the cohort were: mild syndrome (including upper respiratory tract infection and flu-like syndrome, skin or mucosae problems and asymptomatic), 44.8%; bronchopulmonary syndrome (including pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma flare), 18.5%; fever without a source, 16.2%; MIS-C, 10.6%; and gastrointestinal syndrome, 10%. In hospitalized children, the proportions were: 28.5%, 25.7%, 16.5%, 19.1% and 10.2%, respectively. Risk factors associated with PICU admission were MIS-C (odds ratio [OR]: 37.5,95% CI 22.7 to 57.8), moderate or severe liver disease (OR: 9,95% CI 1.6 to 47.6), chronic cardiac disease (OR: 4.8,95% CI 1.8 to 13) and asthma or recurrent wheezing (OR: 2.8,95% CI 1.3 to 5.8). However, asthmatic children were admitted into the PICU due to MIS-C or pneumonia, not due to asthma flare. Conclusion: Hospitalized children with COVID-19 usually present as one of five major clinical phenotypes of decreasing severity. Risk factors for PICU include MIS-C, elevation of inflammation biomarkers, asthma, moderate or severe liver disease and cardiac disease.
A 10-Year Experience of Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Pan Jun , Qiu Chenyang , He Yangyan , Xue Xing , Li Donglin , Tian Lu , Cheng Fei , Wu Zi-heng , Hongkun Zhang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is rare. The study reviewed patients with IVC leiomyosarcoma in our hospital in the past ten years.Methods: 20 patients diagnosed with IVC leiomyosarcoma between October 2010 and October 2020 were enrolled. Their clinical manifestations, treatments and follow-up results were analyzed.Results: The sarcoma was located in the lower IVC segment in six patients, with 13 in the middle IVC segment and one in the upper IVC segment. The median tumor size was 8.5 cm (range 2.5-27.0). Except for two patients who underwent partial resection, other patients underwent R0 resection. After resection, 16 patients (80%) had primary repair of the IVC, while four patients underwent ligation. Three patients with tumors invading the renal vein but not the kidney underwent renal vein revascularization. There was no perioperative death. During a mean follow-up of 37.7 months, seven patients died due to tumor metastasis, four patients were alive with the tumor recurrence and other nine patients were alive without recurrence.Conclusion: The perioperative mortality was low. The management of the IVC after tumor resection depended on the tumor location and size. R0 resection provided a chance for long term survival.
Personnel Emotion Recognition Model for Internet of Vehicles Security Monitoring
Authors: Fu Erkang , Li Xi , Yao Zhi , Ren Yuxin , Wu Yuanhao , Fan Qiqi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the Internet of vehicles (IOV) with intelligent networked automobiles as the terminal node has gradually become the development trend of the automotive industry and the research hot spot in related fields. This is due to its characteristics of intelligence, networking, low-carbon and energy saving. Real time emotion recognition for drivers and pedestrians in the community can be utilized to prevent fatigue driving and malicious collision, keep safety verification and pedestrian safety detection. This paper mainly studies the face emotion recognition model that can be utilized for IOV. Considering the fluctuation of image acquisition perspective and image quality in the application scene of IOV, the natural scene video similar to vehicle environment and its galvanic skin response (GSR) are utilized to make the testing set of emotion recognition. Then an expression recognition model combining codec and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is proposed. Finally, emotion recognition testing is completed on the basis of Algorithm 1. The matching accuracy between the emotion recognition model and GSR is 82.01%. In the process of model testing, 189 effective videos are involved and 155 are correctly identified.
Observation of photoacoustic Smith-Purcell radiation
Authors: Shen Dongyi , Zhou Zhihao , Zhao Guolin , Chen Xianfeng , Wan Wenjie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Relativistic electrons moving over a periodic metal grating can lead to an intriguing emission of light, known as Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR), the precursor of the free-electron laser. During the radiation process, the speed of light plays a critical role in determining the emitted angle and frequency spectrum. Inspired by the photonic SPR, here we experimentally demonstrate a photoacoustic version of the Smith-Purcell effect using laser-induced surface shock waves generation. We observe similar acoustic radiation pattern and their associated frequency spectrum in the far-field, perfectly predicted by a universal theory working for both the photonic and acoustic SPR. Moreover, our numerical studies reveal non-constant frequency components due to the supersonic traveling of the shock waves in the near field, greatly contrasting its photonic counterpart. This scheme extends the SPR into the acoustic domain by levitating the wave’s speed limit, paves the way towards coherent acoustic wave generation and microstructure metrology.
Exploration of Key Genes Combining with Immune Infiltration Level and Tumor Mutational Burden in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jing , wu shuzhen , ge sijia , Ji ran , Chen Yuyan , Huang Wei , Lu Cui-hua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a lethal malignancy because of its heterogenicity and aggressive behavior, with unsatisfactory early diagnosis and poor prognosis. Recently, few somatic mutations have been reported to associated with HCC carcinogenesis and function in predicting HCC progression. Interactions of tumor cells with surrounding immune microenvironment in HCC participate in orchestrating the onset and development. Herein, our aim is to investigate the associations of tumor mutational burden (TMB) with immune microenvironment in HCC. Then we will seek for differential expression genes (DEGs) in terms of immune and TMB scores and discuss whether their latent functions affect HCC prognosis and progression.Methods: The expression, clinical and mutational data were downloaded from TCGA database, then calculated the immune infiltration of these HCC samples by R package “ssGSEA”, “CIBERSORT” and “ESTIMATE”. Then the samples were clarified to 2 groups according to the immune levels. TMB was also calculated and differential expressional genes (DEGs) in the low and high TMB group were intersected and the different immune level groups. Then the cox analyses and prognostic model were performed and tested by R package “glmnet”. Then the selected genes BCL10 and TRAF3 were tested their expression by qrt-PCR and IHC and tested their clinical correlation by chi-square analyses and their biological processes enriched by GSEA, and their immune infiltration by “ssGSEA” individualy. Last, pearson algorithm was employed to judge the relevance of BCL10 and TRAF3.Results: Upregulated degrees of immune infiltration correlated with TMB, they synergistically predicted poor prognosis in HCC. DEGs enriched in immune-related pathways could serve as an indicator of therapeutic effect of HCC immunotherapy. Among these DEGs, BCL10 and TRAF3 were highly expressed in HCC tissues, especially in TP53 mutation group. BCL10 and TRAF3 corporately exhibited immunological function, thereby affecting HCC progression and prognosis.Conclusions: We identified that BCL10 and TRAF3 exhibited good prognostic value in predicting the clinical outcome of HCC patients, which may influence TMB and tumor microenvironment (TME) and help us moving towards immune-based therapies with HCC patients, ultimately improving their long-term survival.
LncRNA JPX Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by Targeting miR-516b-5p/VEGFA Axis
Authors: He Yi , Li Bin , Yang Yang , Hua Rong , Li Zhigang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported act as important regulators in various cancers. LncRNA JPX was identified as an oncogenic regulator in lung cancer. However, the function of lncRNA JPX in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Methods: The effects and molecular mechanism of JPX on the progression of ESCC were investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), cell proliferation, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, dual luciferase, cell cycle, 5-Ethynyl-2′-Deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, transwell, RNA pull-down, tube formation and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Results: In the present study, we found JPX was highly expressed in tissues of ESCC patients and different ESCC cell lines. Functional assays demonstrated that JPX promoted ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we found JPX promoted ESCC mobility in vitro. Mechanistically, the results showed that JPX functions as a sponge of miR-516b-5p, which targets an oncogene vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in ESCC cells. Interactions between miR-516b-5p and JPX or VEGFA were confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, inhibition of JPX significantly attenuated the cell growth and mobility ability of ESCC cells in vitro. In addition, miR-516b-5p overexpression abrogated JPX enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of ESCC cells. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that JPX played an important role in promoting ESCC progression via the miR-516b-5p/VEGFA pathway and might serve as a promising novel therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
Multiplex Immunofluorescence Analysis of Infiltrating Mononuclear Cell Subsets in Acute T-cell-mediated Rejection and Bk Virus-Associated Nephropathy in The Allograft Kidney
Authors: Kim Yong-Jin , Lim Jeong-Hoon , Han Man-Hoon , Kim Mi Sun , Kim Sang-Yeob , Kim Yun Jae 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Transplant rejection has been diagnosed by mononuclear cell infiltration patterns light microscopically. Although infiltration involves different types of mononuclear cells, analysis of the rejection-associated variation was difficult by usual immunohistochemistry; one antibody staining on each slide and laborious cell counting. The authors applied the newly developed multiplex immunofluorescence staining(MIF) and image analysis system to overcome those disadvantages. By using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded slides of acute T-cell–mediated rejection (TCMR, 9 cases) and BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN, 5 cases), the immunologic analysis was done because both had similar mononuclear cell infiltration patterns histologically. Antibodies to CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, Foxp3, and cytokeratin were used.The cellular subsets were similar to each other. CD68+ cells were dominant in the cortical interstitium. However, by using this method, we could find differences in cellular distributions in the area by area. In the medullary rays, albeit the location being in the cortex, cellular subsets were similar to those of the medulla. In areas surrounding large vessels thought of as non-diagnostic areas, the CD20+ cells were dominant. This MIF could use as an ancillary method of diagnosis and follow up the cellular changes during rejection or treatment. Further large samples with rejection condition-matched studies should be followed.
Impacts of Gain Versus Loss Frame Messages About Beverages on Boy Students, an Application of Extended Parallel Process Model
Authors: Zareharofteh Fateme , Karimi Masoud 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Unhealthy diet including consumption of high amounts of Sugar-sweetened beverages is a key modifiable risk factor for obesity and NCDs which begin in childhood and adolescence. The study aimed to compare the effect of gain frame vs. loss frame messages on SSBs consumption intention and behavior of high school boy students. Methods: In this three-arm educational randomized controlled trial, 270 students from three boy’s high schools which were selected through a multistage random sampling. data collection was done through a 15 items self-reported questionnaire before and two months after the intervention. each of the two intervention groups received one of the two types of gain frame or loss frame designed pamphlets inspired with extended parallel process model. The control group received no pamphlet. Results: In control, GFM and LFM groups 91, 86 and 89 students participated in the study, respectively. After the intervention significant differences were observed in perceived efficacy and threat of the GFM group and perceived efficacy, threat and intention in the LFM group compared with before the intervention. The GFM group had higher perceived self-efficacy than the control group and lower perceived severity than the LFM group. Intention to consume SSBs reduced significantly in LFM group, compared with the control group.Conclusions: A combination of LFM and GFM messages could more effectively lead to nutritional behavior change regarding the consumption of SSBs. results help to design messages for educational programs and nutritional campaigns.
Eszett (ẞ; ß)-Glucuronidase, a False Positive of Beta (β)-Glucuronidase: Focus on Plant Genetic Transformation
Authors: Silva Jaime A. Teixeira da 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Escherichia coli beta (β)-glucuronidase gene ( GUS ), coded for by the uidA gene, is a popular reporter gene in plant genetic transformation experiments. As a result of a typographic-type error, leading to confusion between Eszett (uppercase ẞ; lowercase ß), a German special character, and Greek lowercase beta (β), some published papers claimed to have used Eszett (ẞ/ß)-glucuronidase, which does not exist. Attention was paid to the 114 false positive entries, i.e., ẞ/ß-glucuronidase, that were detected on PubMed on July 6, 2021. From the 114 entries, 81 (71.1%) were in papers in the field of plant science. After screening 79 of the full texts, the error was quantified in the article’s location. The error was detected in 100% of abstracts on PubMed and also in 100% of the abstracts on the original journal/publisher websites, while 62.0% of papers had this error in the text (once or multiple times). The origin of these errors is unclear. Given that there are approximately 4000, 1100 and 10,600 hits for this false positive on sciencedirect.com, Springer Link, and Google Scholar, respectively, the quantification of this error based on PubMed suggests that a large and thorough quantitative post-publication analysis of papers claiming erroneously to have used non-existent Eszett (ẞ/ß)-glucuronidase is needed. Importantly, where possible, those errors should be corrected.
Evaluation of the stability of cucurbit[8]uril-based ternary host−guest complexation in physiological environment and the fabrication of a supramolecular theranostic nanomedicine
Authors: Wu Han , Chen Zuobing , Qi Shaolong , Bai Bing , Ye Jiajun , Wu Dan , Shen Jie , Kang Fei , Yu Guocan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the stability of cucurbit[8]uril-based 1:1:1 ternary host−guest complexation in physiological environment for the fabrication of supramolecular theranostics with promising potentials in precise cancer imaging and therapy. MethodsThe host−guest complexation between cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), 4,4′-bipyridinium, and napththyl guest was fully studied using various characterizations, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The association constants of this ternary complex were determined using isothermal titration calorimetry. The stability of the non-covalent interactions and self-assemblies form from this molecular recognition was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). A supramolecular nanomedicine was constructed on the basis of this 1:1:1 ternary recognition, and its in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy were thoroughly evaluated. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was used to monitor the delivery and biodistribution of the supramolecular nanomedicine. ResultsVarious experiments confirmed that the ternary complexation between 4,4′-bipyridinium, and napththyl derivative and CB[8] was stable in physiological environment, including phosphate buffered solution and cell culture medium. Supramolecular nanomedicine (SNM@DOX) encapsulating a neutral anticancer drug (doxrubincin, DOX) was prepared based on this molecular recognition that linked the hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) chain and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol segment. The non-covalent interactions guaranteed the stability of SNM@DOX during blood circulation and promoted its tumor accumulation by taking advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect, thus greatly improving the anti-tumor efficacy as compared with the free drug. ConclusionArising from the host-enhanced charge-transfer interactions, the CB[8]-based ternary recognition was stable enough in physiological environment, which was suitable for the fabrication of supramolecular nanotheranostics showing promising potentials in precise cancer diagnosis and therapy.