bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of sedel and 302C&gt;T (rs200157007) responsible for nonsecretor phenotype by real-time PCR-based methods
Authors: Soejima Mikiko , Koda Yoshiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The sedel allele is one of the nonsecretor alleles (se) of FUT2 generated by an Alu-mediated recombination event and was first found in an Indian Bombay phenotype. Like sedel, se302 having a missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 302C > T, is characteristic of South Asians with a frequency of 10–30%. We developed a real-time PCR melting curve analysis for detection of sedel using a 127-bp amplicon encompassing the breakpoint junction. In addition, by performing duplex PCR by amplifying a 65-bp amplicon of the FUT2 coding region at the same time, we could determine the zygosity of sedel in a single tube. We also developed an Eprobe-mediated PCR assay (Eprobe-PCR) for detection of 302C > T of FUT2. These methods were validated by analyzing 58 Tamils and 54 Sinhalese in Sri Lanka. Both the duplex PCR melting curve analysis for determination of sedel zygosity and the Eprobe-PCR assay for detection of 302C > T exactly determined three genotypes. In addition, the results of the present methods were in complete agreement with those obtained by previously established methods. The two present methods were reliable and seem to be advantageous for large-scale association studies of FUT2 polymorphisms in South Asian populations.
A Geometric Formulation of Multirotor Aerial Vehicle Dynamics
Authors: Hong Youngsuk , Rashad Ramy , Noh Soocheol , Lee Taeyoon , Stramigioli Stefano , Park Frank Chongwoo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A geometric dynamic modeling framework for generic multirotor aerial vehicles (MAV), based on a modern Lie group formulation of classical screw theory, is presented. Our framework allows for a broad range of rotor-wing con gurations: any number of rotors can be attached in arbitrary con gurations to either the body or wings, with the rotors and wings also tiltable. Our framework takes into account all masses and inertias of the MAV body and rotors, and accounts for both rotor thrust forces and moments as well as external aerodynamic and other forces. Compared to existing methods, our Lie group framework possesses several practical advantages useful for applications ranging from design optimization to model identi cation and trajectory optimization: (i) the dynamic equations can be easily transformed to coordinates of any reference frame; (ii) kinematic and mass-inertial parameters can be easily factored from the dynamic equations; (iii) exact, closedform analytic derivatives of the dynamics with respect to the con guration variables are easily derived. We demonstrate our systematic modeling procedure on examples of xed-tilt, variable-tilt, and hybrid MAVs with wings.
New insights into the proteins interacting with the promoters of silkworm fibroin genes
Authors: Ma Yan , Luo Qin , Ou Yao , Tang Yiyun , Zeng Wenhui , Wang Haomiao , Hu Jie , Xu Hanfu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a silk-producing insect that has contributed greatly to human society. The silk gland of B. mori is a specialized organ responsible for synthesizing silk fibroin and sericin proteins under control of numerous factors. However, which factors are involved in direct silk protein synthesis regulation remains largely unknown. We report the identification of promoter-interacting proteins (PIPs) necessary for the direct regulation of genes encoding fibroin proteins, including the fibroin heavy chain (fibH), fibroin light chain (fibL), and a 25-kD polypeptide protein (P25). In the fourth larval molting stage (M4) or day 5 fifth-instar larvae (L5D5), a total of 198, 292, and 247 or 330, 305, and 460 proteins binding to fibH, fibL and P25, respectively, were identified from the posterior silk gland by DNA pull-down combined with mass spectrometry. Many PIPs were particularly involved in ribosome-, metabolism- and disease-related pathways. Additionally, 135 and 212 proteins were identified as common PIPs of fibH, fibL and P25 in M4 and L5D5, respectively. Among all PIPs, we identified 31 potential transcription factors, such as Y-box and poly A-binding proteins, which play roles in nucleotide binding, ATP binding, or protein folding. This study provides the first in-depth profile of proteins interacting with fibroin gene promoters and contributes to a better understanding of silk protein synthesis regulation.
Dissecting drug-induced in vitro cytotoxicity and metabolic dysfunction in conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule cells
Authors: Hoogstraten Charlotte A. , Smeitink Jan A.M. , Russel Frans G.M. , Schirris Tom J.J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Acute kidney injury accounts for 20% of all hospitalized adults, and 14 to 26% is drug-induced, emphasizing the importance of proper nephrotoxicity assessment. The ‘gold standard’ MTT assay is widely used to measure cell viability, but depends on cellular metabolic activity. Consequently, MTT may not be most optimal to assess cytotoxicity, as nephrotoxicity often involves mitochondrial dysfunction. We compared MTT with a direct cell death assay based on a compromised plasma membrane permeability. Mature conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells were dose- (0.1-1,000 µM) and time- (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours) dependently exposed to a selection of prototypic nephrotoxicants. Dose-dependent reductions in cellular metabolic activity were stronger compared to declines in fluorescence-based cell death, most prominently for cisplatin (1.6 ± 2.0% and 68 ± 4% (mean ± SEM), respectively) and chloroacetaldehyde (2.13 ± 0.05% and 61.0 ± 0.8%). Similar, but more pronounced time-dependent effects were observed, particularly for sanguinarine. We show that assessing cellular metabolic activity by MTT provides a composite readout of cellular metabolic activity and cell death. A nuclear staining approach is preferable when assessing nephrotoxicity of metabolically active compounds. We recommend both assays during drug development to discriminate between metabolically active versus non-active compounds.
Knowledge Sharing Practice and Its Associated Factors Among Healthcare Providers at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopian: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Demsash Addisalem Workie , Chakilu Biniyam , Mazengia Atsede 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In healthcare, information and knowledge needs of health care providers arise in the patient care process. However, the right information and knowledge at the right time and place to the right person is not reached so far yet. Thus, leads limited knowledge sharing practice among health providers in Ethiopia.
Objectives
The objectives of the study were to assess knowledge sharing practice and associated factors among healthcare providers at University of Gondar hospital.
Methods
Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted through stratified simple random sampling technique among 423 samples from February 24 up to March 27, 2020. Pretested and self-administered questionnaire was used. Epi info version 7 and stata version 15 software were used for data entry, processing and analysis respectively. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression model were applied to describe the study objects and to assess knowledge sharing practice and its associated factors by considering P value ≤ 0.05.
Results
423 respondents were participated with 100% response rate. From the total respondents, 222 of 423 (52.48%) of respondents were male. More than two third (66.90%) of respondents were degree and diploma holders. Nearly three fourth of 423 (74.70%) healthcare providers were under the age group of 21–30 years. The level of knowledge sharing practice among the respondents was 65.01% (95% CI: 60.46–69.56). In multivariable logistic regression model awareness AOR = 2.44, 95% CI= [1.32–4.50], willingness AOR = 1.96, 95% CI= [1.10–3.53], loss of knowledge power AOR = 0.192, 95% CI= [.12-.32], availability of health information resource AOR = 2.00, 95% CI= [1.56–5.38] and opportunity AOR = 2.91, 95% CI= [1.71–4.95] were significantly associated with knowledge sharing practice.
Conclusions
Knowledge sharing practice of healthcare providers is higher as compared with most studies conducted in Ethiopia. However, it needs further opportunity, resource allocation and supportive leadership.
Value and Methods of Measuring Combat Effectiveness: A New Approach
Authors: Jiesheng Wang , Weipu Sun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The lack of effective methods to measure the combat effectiveness of an army deters military mathematical models and military simulation software from realizing their full potential. In this paper, we use Galilean idealization and domain theory to suggest solutions and propose an appropriate mathematical method to reach universally applicable results. We introduce the International System of Units (SI) to measure combat effectiveness without relying on subjective assumptions regarding parameters. Our method requires only spatial and temporal data to calculate combat effectiveness by evaluating the extent of territorial changes (outcome) within a given time period (time). Moreover, we measure influencing factors of combat effectiveness, based on the ratio of combat effectiveness. We discuss the practical value and applicability of this method in the development of the analysis-simulation software of combat effectiveness.
Factors associated with knowledge on risk factors of sexual abuse among house girls and house boys in Singida Municipality, Central zone Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: EMILY FILMON , Peter Dedius E. , Milanzi Walter C. , Joho Angelina A. , Moshi Fabiola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Sexual abuse is a situation whereby any people or individual entered in any sexual malpractice or sexual contact without his/her will. Sexual abuse among house girls and house boys is among of general medical issue in our nation particularly in the urban areas and towns. The aim of the study was to examine predicators associated with knowledge on risk factors of sexual abuse among house girls and house boys in Singida Municipality.Methods: The cross section study involved a total of 252 participants from the selected house hold in Singida Municipality. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain sample and data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaire. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to determine the association between knowledge on risk factors and sexual abuse among house girls and house boys.Results: The large numbers of respondents with mean age of 22years old were single. Only 53.1% of house girls were knowledgeable on risk factors associated with sexual abuse compared to house boys. After control of the confounders the predictors of knowledge about risk factors on sexual abuse were educational level (AOR = 0.332, p = 0.002, 95%CI:0.167; 0.659), how did you find a job(AOR=2.412, p=0.001, 95%CI:1.433; 2.523), and type of family he/she living(AOR=4.672, p=0.002, 95%CI:0.0709; 0.719, nuclear family (AOR=4.023, p=0.023, 95%CI:0.101;0902). Conclusion: The findings depicted that the study participants have inadequate knowledge on risk factors associated with sexual abuse and it discovered that the influencing factors were education level, means of getting a job and type of family.
Trend analysis method on vertical axis and comparison with Şen’s ITA approach
Authors: Güçlü Yavuz Selim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The classical trend tests are applied frequently in meteorological and hydrological data. Recently, Şen-innovative trend analysis (ITA) method provides the ability to visualize inspection and identification of trend conditions. The main objective of this paper is to attempt determination and visualization of trends by means of a special graphical representation based on alternative illustration of Şen-ITA method. The suggested methodology shows different trend information than classical Şen-ITA test on the Black Sea, Mediterranean, and continental climate regions in Turkey. This research comprises 50-year rainfall station records in Çanakkale, Edirne, Kocaeli, and Zonguldak stations located in North-West part of Turkey.
A1 astrocytes activated by 2-Chloroethanol via the ROS-induced p38 MAPK/NF-κB and AP-1 pathways modulate microglia polarization
Authors: Wang Tong , Sun Qi , Tang Hongge , Wang Gaoyang , Zhao Fenghong , Chen Yuhua , Jin Yaping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is a synthetic organic chemical that causes brain edema under subacute poisoning. Our previous studies indicated that the neuroinflammation could be induced due to activation of both astrocytes and microglia during the course of brain edema in 1,2-DCE intoxicated mice. However, the crosstalk between the two glial cells in 1,2-DCE-induced neuroinflammation is unclear. In the current studies, we hypothesized that astrocytes are the first responder to the effects of 1,2-DCE in the brain, as they adhere to the cerebral capillaries, and they are an essential component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).MethodsWe used primary cultured rat astrocytes and microglia, as well as a highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) microglia cell line to study the effects of astrocytes on microglia polarization following exposure to 2-CE.ResultsFindings from the present studies demonstrated that treatment of primary rat astrocytes with 2-chloroethanol (2-CE), the intermediate metabolite of 1,2-DCE in vivo, can stimulate the activation of A1 reactive astrocytes (A1s) through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathways by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during 2-CE metabolism. A1s activated by 2-CE can upregulate the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and stimulate the M1 polarization of microglia through IL-1β and TNF-α released by 2-CE activated A1s. Microglia are less sensitive to 2-CE than astrocytes, since treatment of primary rat microglia with 30 mM 2-CE alone failed to activate them, though this dose of 2-CE can activate A1s and in turn stimulate M1 polarization of microglia through the factors released by A1s.ConclusionThe neuroinflammation induced by 1,2-DCE in the brain of mice is most probably triggered by the activation of astrocytes. The understanding of the multidimensional roles of reactive astrocytes may further the development of new treatment strategies in reducing neuroinflammation and brain edema following 1,2-DCE-induced toxic encephalopathy.
Problematic issues of bringing disciplinary and criminal liability of medical workers
Authors: Kononenko V. , Demura M. 
Published: April 2021

Despite numerous in-depth scientific works, we believe that the issue of disciplinary and criminal prosecution of medical workers needs further study in the light of legislative changes and law-making activities of the European Court of Human Rights. The purpose of the article is to characterize the national legislation governing the disciplinary and criminal prosecution of medical workers. The article analyzes the national legislation governing criminal and disciplinary proceedings for medical offenses. It is established that the criminal legislation in the field of regulation of criminal liability for medical crimes needs to be improved, in particular Art. 140 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Based on the generalization of case law, it was concluded that there is no single approach to determining the objective side of this type of crime. This requirement is related to the need to avoid cases of unjustified criminal prosecution of medical workers, when criminal prosecution is carried out and only in court the truth in the case is established and an acquittal is passed. The study provided an opportunity to conclude that a disciplinary misdemeanor is an illegal culpable act or omission, which is expressed in non-performance or improper performance by the employee of duties and other requirements imposed on him under labor law, other special regulations, for which may be subject to disciplinary action. Like any offense, a disciplinary offense is characterized by a set of objective and subjective features, called the composition of the offense: the subject, the subjective side, the object, the objective side. Disciplinary liability of a medical worker is a separate type of legal liability that arises in the event of a disciplinary misconduct by a medical worker. Disciplinary liability of medical workers occurs not only for disciplinary misconduct, but also for violation of moral and ethical norms, as workers in this category must comply with the requirements of professional ethics, respect for honor and dignity of citizens (patients).
An evaluation of microplastics fate in the wastewater treatment plants: frequency and removal of microplastics by microfiltration membrane
Authors: Yahyanezhad Neda , Bardi Mohammad Javad , Aminirad Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this research, the fate and removal of microplastics (MPs) entering and leaving a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated. Additionally, application of the microfiltration membrane technique for MPs removal was evaluated. In the first phase, the quantity, type and size of the MPs were studied from three different points of the WWTP. The results showed that the average amount of MPs entering into the WWTP, accumulated in the sludge matrix and discharged from the effluent were 206, 183 and 94 MP/L, respectively. The MPs were observed mainly in the forms of fibers, pellets, and fragments, with a proportion of 35%, 39%, 22%, and 34%, 22%, 38%, and 31%, 39%, 37.7% in the influent, effluent and sludge of the WWTP, respectively. It should be noted, a minor amount of foam (2%) and film (0.3%) was also observed. The particle size distribution of the MPs in the effluent of the system was almost identical (6–14% for 1–5,000 μm), while the influent mostly contained particles within 1–100 μm (above 26%) with other particle sizes within 100–5,000 μm (8–17%). Particle size within a range of 500–5,000 μm was abundant in the sludge. In the second phase, a micro-filtration (MF) membrane with a pore size of 0.1 μm was applied to eliminate the MPs from the WWTP effluent. It was observed the application of the MF membrane technique could achieve MPs removal efficiency up to 98% in the effluent of the system.
Toward enhancing the chlorine resistance of forward osmosis membranes: an effective strategy via grafting cyclohexylamine
Authors: Li Yinghua , Deng Wenhe , Li Haibo , Su Fei , Huang Xin , Mo Fan , Zhang Ran , Ren Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The forward osmosis (FO) membrane exhibits great performance degradation when contacting with chlorine solutions. The damage of chlorine to membrane material will seriously reduce the lifetime of the membrane and increase the cost of membrane treatment technology. Here, we prepared chlorine-stable membranes by a covalent modification method with cyclohexylamine. The cyclohexylamine observably changed the surface morphology, the roughness (arithmetic average) of the membrane decreased from 22 to 17.2 nm. The addition of cyclohexylamine produced a denser sacrificial layer of short chain polyamide, which made modified membranes possess significantly better chlorine resistance with slightly declined water flux. The water flux of the optimal modified membrane was 10.78 Lm−2 h−1, only 13% less than that of the pristine membrane. Importantly, after 20,000 ppm·h chlorine exposure, the membrane with 1.5 wt% cyclohexylamine had a salt rejection of 77.2% and showed 26.0% lower water flux than pristine TFC (thin film composite) membrane in FO mode. Notably, the grafting membranes could maintain a high performance under acidic chlorination conditions. The membrane with best performance had a salt rejection of 81.6%, exhibiting 24.4% higher salt rejection than pristine membrane with 20,000 ppm·h chlorine exposure at a pH of 4. The cyclohexylamine endowed the FO membrane with better chlorine resistance, making it attractive for the development of chlorine-resistant membrane for environmental and desalination processes.
Rainfed cultivation with supplemental irrigation modelling on seed yield and oil of Coriandrum sativum L. using precision agriculture and GIS moisture mapping
Authors: Filintas Agathos , Wogiatzi Eleni , Gougoulias Nikolaos 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of rainfed and supplemental irrigation, and sowing period (SP) treatments on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) yield, essential oil content and umbel heights by applying new agro-technologies (TDR-sensors for soil moisture (SM), geographical information system (GIS), precision agriculture, soil-hydraulic analyses and geostatistical models) for yield and SM root zone geospatial modelling and two-dimensional GIS mapping. Results of laboratory analysis indicated a suitable soil for coriander's growth and revealed that field's soil was characterized sandy clay loam (SCL) with mean values: soil organic matter (SOM) = 1.70%, bulk specific gravity = 1.42 g·cm−3, plant available water = 0.129 cm·cm−1, pH = 7.10 and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) = 19.3 cmol·kg−1. The two-way ANOVA statistical analysis (P = 0.05) results revealed that the irrigation treatments (IR1: rainfed, IR2: rainfed plus supplemental irrigation [best]), and the SP treatments (SP1: October's last week, SP2: November's first week [best]) significantly affects coriander's seed yield and essential oil content, but the SP have no significant effect on plant's umbel height (P = 0.873). Supplemental irrigation, using a limited amount of water, if applied during the critical crop growth stages, can result in substantial improvement on seed yield (+284.934%), essential oil content (+125.396%) and plant's umbel height (+117.929%).
Water leak detection based on convolutional neural network using actual leak sounds and the hold-out method
Authors: Nam Y. W. , Arai Y. , Kunizane T. , Koizumi A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether machine learning can be used to detect leak sounds in the field. A method for detecting water leaks was developed using a convolutional neural network (CNN), after taking recurrence plots and visualising the time series as input data. In collaboration with a pipeline restoration company, 20 acoustic datasets of leak sounds were recorded by sensors at 10 leak sites. The detection ability of the constructed CNN model was tested using the hold-out method for the 20 cases: 19 showed more than 70% accuracy, of which 15 showed more than 80%.
Performance of polycaprolactone/TiO2 composite membrane for the effective treatment of dairy effluents
Authors: Nivedita Sankar , Joseph Shiny 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to use polycaprolactone (PCL)-based membrane for the treatment of dairy wastewater. PCL is a biodegradable polymer with high biocompatibility and good oil resistance. The chlorine tolerance analysis of PCL-based membranes exhibited a good tolerance against chlorine. The PCL/TiO2 nanocomposite membrane with the addition of polyethylene glycol was prepared and tested for protein separation. The dependency of contact angle with time was analysed for the membrane, and the contact angle value reduced from 74.5 ± 2° to a steady value of 65 ± 2° in 120 s. The proteins were removed using a cross-flow filtration unit at an operating pressure of 0.4 MPa at room temperature with permeate flux of 10 L/m2 h and a relative permeate flux of about 0.10. The removal of proteins was measured qualitatively using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and quantitatively using Lowry's test. A percentage rejection of 97.6 was obtained and the native PAGE showed the complete removal of all the major proteins present in the milk sample.