bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from airways of patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Długaszewska Jolanta , Antczak Marta , Kaczmarek Izabella , Jankowiak Renata , Buszkiewicz Malgorzata , Herkowiak Magdalena , Michalak Klaudia , Kukuła Helena , Ratajczak Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of airway infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) as a result of its ability to form biofilm. Resistance to antimicrobial agents is the most important feature of biofilm infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate biofilm formation and to compare antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa living in two modes of growth: planktonic and biofilm, isolated from respiratory tract of CF patients. Methods: Biofilm formation and biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics were determined using modified microtitere plate method. For susceptibility testing of planktonic culture to antibiotics serial microdilution broth method were used.Results: More than 95% of isolates were capable to form biofilm. Isolates grown as biofilms were more resistant to tested antibiotics compared to those grown planktonically. Ciprofloxacin showed the highest activity against P. aeruginosa biofilm. In contrast, no bacteriostatic activity was obtain for the highest concentration of piperacillin tested against most of P. aeruginosa strains growing in a biofilm (BIC > 4096 mg/L).Conclusions: Our study indicates the need to develop a standardized susceptibility testing method for biofilm mode of growth of pathogens. It appears that it is appropriate to introduce a biofilm susceptibility testing to routinely performed tests, as the effect of antibiotics on biofilm eradication may be variable and unpredictable.
Retrospective analysis of infections prevalence in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis treated with cyclophosphamide
Authors: Schlabs Małgorzata , Pawlak-Buś Katarzyna , Leszczyński Piotr 
Published: April 2021

Aim. Assessment of infections prevalence rate, type and severity in patients diagnosed with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX), during 12 months of observations. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of mild, moderate and severe infections in 17 women with a mean age of 58.8 ± 10.0, based on an interview, physical examination, additional tests, and available medical records. Results. 46 various infections were diagnosed in the analysed group of patients. 32 (69.6%) infections involved the respiratory system, and 14 (30.4%) infections concerned the urinary tract. The average frequency per one patient was 2.7 ± 3.5 (median: 2) events during 12 months of observations. The majority of infections, 60.9 % (n = 28), were mild ones of slight intensity, and 37.0% (n = 17) were moderate ones. Only one person (2.2% of all infections) had a severe infection requiring hospitalisation.Conclusions. In the studied group the infection prevalence rate was comparable to that in a healthy population. The majority of infections were mild and involved the respiratory system. Basis of conducted analysis 12 months intravenous administration of CTX is not a factor significantly increasing a risk of severe infections in the studied group of patients. In PSS patients CTX pulse therapy is relatively safe, as it does not cause severe infections requiring hospitalisation
A thousand words about cardiac mobile health
Authors: Noori Vincent , Guzik Przemysław 
Published: April 2021

Cardiac mHealth (mobile health) is an innovative method of integrating technological and medical advances to provide healthcare in a convenient and cost effective manner in cardiology. While still considered an experimental and upcoming technology, its potential use in cardiology is feasible and may soon replace some standard medical practices. From basic encouragement of lifestyle modification to chronic disease self-management, mHealth can be a personal “pocket-doc”. It can provide personal health benefits and immediate life-saving interventions to those who are unable to access medical care. mHealth’s potential has much to offer to both physicians and patients.
Liposuction-induced metabolic alterations – the effect on insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, leptin and resistin
Authors: Gibas-Dorna Magdalena , Turkowski Piotr , Bernatek Małgorzata , Mikrut Kinga , Kupsz Justyna , Piątek Jacek 
Published: April 2021

Liposuction surgically removes subcutaneous abdominal tissue (SAT) and has almost no effect on visceral abdominal tissue (VAT) depot. However, some authors suggest that deep layers of SAT are functionally similar to VAT and the amount of deep subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue is strongly related to insulin resistance in a manner nearly identical to that of visceral adiposity. Moreover, SAT determines leptin secretion which indirectly reflects the level of insulin sensitivity in the body. Thus, the immediate removal of SAT could potentially affect metabolic profile of a patient. The current data are conflicting and cannot bring a clear evidence suggesting that liposuction itself results in important metabolic outcomes and, on the other hand, cannot exclude such a possibility. This review summarizes the liposuction-induced metabolic changes with regard to release of major adipokines and insulin sensitivity.
Presacral schwannoma. Case description
Authors: Jankowski Roman , Kościński Jeremi , Sokół Bartosz , Malinger Stanisław , Szymaś Janusz 
Published: April 2021

Schwannomas in the presacral region of vertebral column occur sporadically and are usually diagnosed incidentally during diagnostic procedures applied as a response to nonspecific complaints associated with vertebral column or abdominal cavity. This study focuses not only on the presentation of the case of the patient with giant schwannoma in the retrorectal area, but on the highlighting of the problems associated with diagnosis and treatment of tumours located in this anatomic region as well. The presented case involves a 23-year old woman. The diagnosis of the disease was made during gynecological examination accompanied by ultrasonography of pelvic organs. Neurological examination disclosed no deviations from the normal condition. MR imaging allowed to determine precise location of the tumour and its anatomic relations to pelvic visceral and vascular structures. The patient underwent a successful surgery using laparotomy. Histological examination revealed structures of schwannoma. Surgical radicality and the lack of relapse were confirmed by MR imaging taken five years after the surgery.
Metabolic Consequences of Efferocytosis and Its Impact on Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yurdagul Jr. Arif 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Billions of cells undergo apoptosis daily and are swiftly removed by macrophages through an evolutionarily conserved program termed "efferocytosis". Consequently, macromolecules within an apoptotic cell significantly burden a phagocyte with nutrients, such as lipids, oligonucleotides, and amino acids. In response to this nutrient overload, metabolic reprogramming must occur for the process of efferocytosis to remain non-phlogistic and to execute successive rounds of efferocytosis. The inability to undergo metabolic reprogramming after efferocytosis drives inflammation and impairs its resolution, often promoting many chronic inflammatory diseases. This is particularly evident for atherosclerosis, as metabolic reprogramming alters macrophage function in every stage of atherosclerosis, from the early formation of benign lesions to the progression of clinically relevant atheromas and during atherosclerosis regression upon aggressive lipid-lowering. This Review focuses on the metabolic pathways utilized upon apoptotic cell ingestion, the consequences of these metabolic pathways in macrophage function thereafter, and the role of metabolic reprogramming during atherosclerosis. Due to the growing interest in this new field, I introduce a new term, "efferotabolism", as a means to define the process by which macrophages break down, metabolize, and respond to AC-derived macromolecules. Understanding these aspects of efferotabolism will shed light on novel strategies to combat atherosclerosis and compromised inflammation resolution.
INTELECTUAL CAPITAL IN PUBLIC ZAKAH INSTITUTION ON ZAKAH MANAGEMENT
Authors: Haryanti Rina Herlina , Ansoriyah Faizatul 
Published: April 2021

<pre>Indonesia is the biggest moslem country, it has chance to reduction poverty through zakah. One of the zakah intitution is BAZ (Public Zakah Intitution). The purpose in study is to know about intelectual capital in public zakah Institution. Intelectual capital is important in zakah management. It consist of human capital, structural capital and relational capital.Research methodology is empirically qualitative research. The result of this study show that intelectual capital is not maximized. Although the level of employee education is high but still lower innovation and creativity still low. Bazda In Surakarta is the temporal institution in Ministry of Religion. </pre><p> </p><strong>Keywords:</strong><em>Intellectual Capital</em>, Pengelolaan Zakat
Analisis Kebijakan Prinsip Governance dan Aktor Melalui Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dalam Perencanaan Kota
Authors: Sutiyoso Bambang Utoyo 
Published: April 2021

<p>Urban spatial planning as a part of spatial planning activities actually is a form of public policy formulation related with urban space management. Actions done by the policy actor in the formulation process of public policy will be extremely determined by the perspectives used. Governance as the main perspective in public administration and management demands the application of principles which attributed to it in order to achieve good governance. Based on that, the problem of the research is: how is the priority of the governance principles related to the actor/agent involved in urban planning? The purposes of the research are to know, to describe, and to analyze the priority of governance principles related to the actor/agent involved in urban planning. The type of the research, basically, is a descriptive research using the quantitative model analysis, that is Analythical Hierarchy Process. Data sources are taken from the research respondents which are consisting of municipal government elements; civil society and private (business) sector.</p>The result shows that the priorities of governance principles application in urban planning based on the involved actor/agent are: <em>first</em>: participation (3.141); <em>second</em>: responsive (3.021); <em>third </em>: transparancy (3.009); and <em>fourth </em>: accountability (2.867), with the actors value: civil society (1.168); municipal government (1.096); and business (private) sector by the value of (0.736) respectively. Civil society participation is done to the whole phases of urban planning in the form of providing data and information, opinion and aspiration, as well as objection and rebuttal toward the concept of city territorial development. Meanwhile, practically, the research recommends the need of regulation toward the civil society participation in urban planning in local nature to find the best practice; the application of governance principles should become the mindset of public officer and the planner in spatial planning.
Implementasi Kebijakan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Perkotaan (Studi Pengembangan di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara)
Authors: Wijayanto Hendra , Hidayati Ratih Kurnia 
Published: April 2021

<p>Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 mengamanatkan bahwa di setiap kota harus memiliki Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) minimal sebesar 30%, dimana sebesar 20% RTH publik dan 10% RTH privat. Persentase luas RTH Jakarta Utara yang dimiliki saat ini baru sebesar 5% dari luasan wilayahnya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai “Implementasi Kebijakan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah dalam Penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan RTRW dalam penyediaanruang terbuka hijau di Jakarta Utara dan upaya-upaya yang dilakukan dalam penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi.Teknik analisa data interaktif yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Uji validitas data dilakukan dengan menggunakan triangulasi sumber.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan RTRW dalam penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara masih belum optimal dan baru terealisasi sebesar 10%, dikarenakan penggunaan lahan yang tersedia untuk RTH tidak difungsikan sebagaimana peruntukannya dan adanya beberapa kendala yang dihadapi seperti lemahnya pengawasan, harga tanah yang mahal, peningkatan lahan terbangun dan kurangnya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat.</p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <strong>Implementasi, Kebijakan, Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah, Ruang Terbuka Hijau</strong>
A Comprehensive 3D-Molded Bone Flap Protocol for Patient-Specific Cranioplasty
Authors: Bertani Raphael , Novo Caio Moreno Perret , Freitas Pedro Henrique , Nunes Amanda Amorin , Palhares Thiago Nunes , Noritomi Pedro , Oliveira Marcelo , Vicentini Joana Campos , Lima Tagore Martins de Morais , Pilon Barbara Contarato , Albuquerque Silvia , Rozental Stefano F.A. , Capitao Claudia , Rodrigues Pedro Cesar , Schiavini Hugo C , Maia Monica Diuana Calasans , Granjeiro José Mauro , Rossi Alexandre Malta , Maricevich Juan Pablo Borges Rodrigues , Filho Ruy Castro Monteiro da Silva , Silva Jorge Vicente Lopes da , Rozental Renato 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present a detailed step-by-step approach for the low-cost production and surgical implantation of cranial prostheses, aimed at restoring aesthetics, cerebral protection, and facilitating neurological rehabilitation. This protocol uses combined scan computed tomography (CT) cross-sectional images, in DICOM format, along with a 3D printing (additive manufacturing) setup. The in-house developed software InVesalius®️ is an open-source tool for medical imaging manipulation. The protocol describes image acquisition (CT scanning) procedures, and image post-processing procedures such as image segmentation, surface/volume rendering, mesh generation of a 3D digital model of the cranial defect and the desired prostheses, and their preparation for use in 3D printers. Furthermore, the protocol describes a detailed powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process, known as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), using Polyamide (PA12) as feedstock to produce a 3-piece customized printed set per patient. Each set consists of a “cranial defect printout” and a “testing prosthesis” to assemble parts for precision testing, and a cranial “prostheses mold” in 2 parts to allow for the intraoperative modeling of the final implant cast using the medical grade Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in a time span of a few min. The entire 3D processing time, including modelling, design, production, post-processing and qualification, takes approximately 42 h. Modeling the PMMA flap with a critical thickness of 4 mm by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) assures mechanical and impact properties to be slightly weaker than the bone tissue around it, a safety design to prevent fracturing the skull after a possible subsequent episode of head injury. On a parallel track, the Protocol seeks to provide guidance in the context of equipment, manufacturing cost and troubleshooting. Customized 3D PMMA prostheses offers a reduced operating time, good biocompatibility, and great functional and aesthetic outcomes. Additionally, it offers greater than 15-fold cost advantage over the usage of other materials, including metallic parts produced by additive manufacturing.
Selection of functional EPHB2 genotype in ENU mutated grass carp response to GCRV by the method of BSA Sequence Analysis
Authors: Nissa Meher un , Jiang ZhuXiang , Zheng GuoDong , Zou ShuMing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis is a useful method for genetic development of plants, as well as for inducing functional mutants in animal models including mice and zebrafish. GCRV (Grass carp Reovirus) is the hemorrhage disease of grass carp and causes noteworthy loss of fingerlings in the last few years. To overcome this problem, we have used ENU mutant grass carp might be a helpful to find out some resistant functional gene for future hereditary rearing projects in grass carp.Results In the present study, ENU-mutated grass carp were used to identify genetic markers correlated with anti hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). The BSA (Bulked segregant analysis) technology were performed on two homozygous gynogenetic ENU grass carp groups with susceptible or resistant in response of GCRV. Our results showed that 466,162 SNPs and 197644 InDel were found out in the mixed pool. A total of 170 genes were annotated in the associated region, including 49 genes with non-synonymous mutations at SNP sites and 25 genes with frame shift mutations at InDel sites. Among these 170 mutated genes, 5 randomly selected immune-related genes expression was higher in resistant group as compared to susceptible. Furthermore, we found one immune-related gene EPHB2 has confirmed two heterozygous SNP mutations which responded to GCRV disease. The SNPs within gene EPHB2 were found out in the intron region with position 5859 (5859G>A) and 5968 (5968G>A) were significantly (p = 0.002, 0.003) associated with the resistance against GCRV. These SNP sites were confirmed to correlate with the GCRV-resistant phenotype of ENU grass carp. The SNPs associated with GCRV resistance are useful in selecting GCRV-resistant genes for genetic breeding in grass carp.Conclusion Our results proved the possibility of BSA-sequence analysis in detecting genes responsible for the exciting phenotypes and will help in carrying out the marker-assisted selection, especially for disease resistance in the response of GCRV.
Fiscal Policy and Environment: A Long-Run Multivariate Empirical Analysis of Ecological Footprint in Pakistan.
Authors: Zahra Samia , Khan Dilawar , Nouman Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite differences in carbon emissions shares and differences in ecological footprint patterns of each nation, these differences are guaranteed to show similar features in long run, thus making it a global issue.An increase in economic growth contributes to an increase in waste production with an impact on environmental degradation and climate change. An ecological footprint is a relatively comprehensive measure than previously used CO2 emission as an environmental proxy as it includes comprehensive multi-facets environmental indicators because ecological footprint includes built-up land, CO2 emission, cropland, fishing ground, grazing land, and forest products which has included all environmental dimensions. This research has focused to empirically investigate the long-run impact of fiscal policy on the ecological footprint in Pakistan keeping different socio-economic factors into consideration. Per annum, time-series data have been collected between 1976 and 2018. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test has been employed to determine the unit root of the data. To investigate the long-run association between fiscal policy and ecological footprint, modern econometric techniques such as Johansen co-integration test, ARDL Bounds test, different diagnostic tests, and variance decomposition analysis are used. Johnson co-integration test depicts significant long-run co-integration between fiscal policy, ecological footprint, and its major socio-economic determinants in Pakistan. Conclusion of ARDL model shows that 1% increase in public development expenditures, total population, GDP, and energy consumption increase 0.19, 2.17, 1.16, and 2.17% ecological footprint respectively in Pakistan between 1976 and 2018 and vice versa. However, it is also derived that a 1% increase in public tax and non-tax revenue and public current expenditures (in health, education, and other social sectors) shrink 0.36 and 0.013% ecological footprint in the long-run in Pakistan. The stability, reliability, and credibility of the ARDL model are found correct based on different diagnostic tests. Variance decomposition analysis also depicts fiscal policy significantly cause ecological footprint in Pakistan.
Managing biological invasions: the cost of inaction
Authors: Ahmed Danish Ali , Hudgins Emma Judith , Cuthbert Ross Noel , Kourantidou Melina , Diagne Christophe , Haubrock Phillip Joschka , Leung Brian , Liu Chunlong , Leroy Boris , Petrovskii Sergei , Courchamp Franck 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ecological and socio-economic impacts from biological invasions are rapidly escalating worldwide. While effective management underpins impact mitigation, such actions are often delayed, insufficient or entirely absent. Presently, management delays emanate from a lack of monetary rationale to invest at early invasion stages, which precludes effective prevention. Here, we provide such rationale by developing a conceptual model, based on logistic growth, to quantify the cost of inaction towards invasive alien species under varying time delays and management efforts. Further, we apply the resulting model to management and damage data from a relatively data-rich genus (Aedes mosquitoes). Our model confirms that rapid management interventions following invasion drastically minimise costs, and that higher management investments lead to much steeper cost declines. Further, we identify a ‘runaway’ point beyond which costs of inaction slowly approach saturation. Any management action during this phase can be considered severely delayed, resulting in substantial losses. For Aedes, we estimated that a management delay of just 20 years could have accrued additional costs of at least US$ 842 million in 40 years, whereas in the case of no management, inaction costs could have been approximately three-fold higher, totalling US$ 2433 million. These results highlight the need for more timely management of invasive alien species by demonstrating how early investments rapidly reduce long-term economic impacts.