bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Nanoparticle Trafficking into Glioblastomas Uncovers an Augmented Antitumor Effect of Metronomic Chemotherapy
Authors: Ang Melgious Jin Yan , Yoon Jeehyun , Zhou Mingzhu , Wei Han‐Lin , Goh Yi Yiing , Li Zhenglin , Feng Jia , Wang Haifang , Su Qianqian , Ong Derrick Sek Tong , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNanoparticles have been explored in glioblastomas as they can traverse the blood–brain barrier and target glioblastoma selectively. However, direct observation of nanoparticle trafficking into glioblastoma cells and their underlying intracellular fate after systemic administration remains uncharacterized. Here, based on high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments of an intracranial glioblastoma model, it is shown that ligand‐modified nanoparticles can traverse the blood–brain barrier, endocytose into the lysosomes of glioblastoma cells, and undergo endolysosomal escape upon photochemical ionization. Moreover, an optimal dose of metronomic chemotherapy using dual‐drug‐loaded nanocarriers can induce an augmented antitumor effect directly on tumors, which has not been recognized in previous studies. Metronomic chemotherapy enhances antitumor effects 3.5‐fold compared with the standard chemotherapy regimen using the same accumulative dose in vivo. This study provides a conceptual framework that can be used to develop metronomic nanoparticle regimens as a safe and viable therapeutic strategy for treating glioblastomas and other advanced‐stage solid tumors.
Movement behaviors in short versus adequate nocturnal sleepers: A compositional analysis of preschoolers
Authors: de Souza Alesandra Araújo , Clark Cain C. T , Mota Jorge , Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Duncan Michael J. , Martins Clarice M. de L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccruing adequate daily amounts of time spent on movement behaviors (physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep) in childhood has been associated with positive short and long‐term health outcomes. Nonetheless, how waking time is distributed across PA and SB among preschoolers who are short and adequate sleepers at night is unknown.AimThis study investigated: (1) if there are differences in a movement behaviors composition among adequate and short nocturnal sleepers; and (2) the association between preschoolers' time spent in PA, SB, and sleep among adequate and short nocturnal sleepers.MethodsA total of 270 preschoolers (132 boys; 3.97 ± 0.81 years old; 15.48 ± 1.62 kg/m2) participated in this study. PA and SB were assessed using accelerometry (model wGT3X). Sleep duration was assessed through a parental‐proxy interview, and preschoolers were stratified as short and adequate sleepers, according to attendance to international sleep duration guidelines. Compositional data analysis was used to explore the time‐use patterns of behaviors among adequate and short sleepers.ResultsShort sleepers spent 64 min less time asleep, accumulated 32 min in more sedentary time (p = .005, Cohen's d = 0.36, Bayes Factor: 6.17), and 24 min more in light PA (p = .0005, Cohen's d = 0.44, Bayes Factor: 46.37) compared to adequate sleepers.ConclusionsBeing a short sleeper was associated with greater time spent in SB and light PA during their waking hours. The health implications of movement behaviors composition among short sleep preschoolers should be further investigated.
Green synthesis of cobalt and iron incorporated citric acid/β‐cyclodextrin composites: Efficient H2O2 scavengers
Authors: Pirouzmand Mahtab , Nikzad Kojanag Behnaz , Hosseini‐Yazdi Seyed Abolfazl , Aghabeigy Nasrin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSonochemical procedure was used to synthesize Co/β‐cyclodextrin complex. For the first time, Fe/β‐cyclodextrin complex was also synthesized in alkaline media. Moreover, β‐cyclodextrin was modified by citric acid (CA) and reacted with metal salts under ultrasonic irradiation. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using EDX, UV–vis and FTIR analytical techniques. The highest incorporation of metal into β‐cyclodextrin was observed in the citric acid cross linked β‐CD. The catalase like activity (peroxide scavenging) of Co/β‐CD and Fe/β‐CD complexes and composites was evaluated by UV–visible spectrophotometer and their superoxide scavenging capacity were measured using the pyrogallol method. The Co3/CA‐β‐CD complex showed the best catalase mimetic activity (93.2%) even in comparison to catalase enzyme extracted from potato. Therefore, cobalt complexes of citric acid/β‐CD are promising candidates for H2O2 scavenging. By contrast Fe3/CA‐βCD complex had stronger capability to eliminate superoxide anion radicals.
Effects of polymerization parameters on the slow crack growth resistance and rheological properties of bimodal polyethylene resins
Authors: Jandaghian Mohammad Hossein , Maddah Yasaman , Sepahi Abdolhannan , Houshmandmoayed Saeed , Nikzinat Ehsan , Masoori Maryam , Afzali Kamal , Rashedi Reza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, using a comprehensive study, we have investigated the effect of various polymerization parameters during the synthesis of bimodal polyethylene resins on their rheological and mechanical properties. Bimodal polyethylene resins were synthesized in two subsequent stages in a lab‐scale reactor by manipulating a set of parameters such as C2/H2 ratios in the first and second stages, the split value, and the comonomer type. The results showed that the comonomer type and C2/H2 ratio of the second stage of the polymerization are the most critical parameters that control the final resins' slow crack growth resistance properties. On the other hand, the shear‐thinning behavior of the resins is mainly controlled by the first‐stage polymers. Although the C2/H2 ratio of the first stage results in a moderate effect on the rheological properties of the final resins, its split value governs the flow characteristics of the final molten polymers under high shear rates.
Habitat protection planning for Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in deteriorating environments: Knowledge gaps and recommendations for action
Authors: Huang Shiang‐Lin , Wang Xianyan , Wu Haiping , Peng Chongwei , Jefferson Thomas A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

In Chinese and South‐east Asian waters, the coastal and estuarine environments are important habitats for the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). Coastal and estuarine maritime engineering (CEME), including land reclamation, embankment or shoreline armouring, harbour construction and marine farming, permanently changes coastal environments and threatens the long‐term persistence of marine biota and ecosystems. Such impacts on humpback dolphin viability, however, are rarely discussed.
Likely core habitat of the humpback dolphin was extrapolated based on present understanding of habitat characteristics, which is much narrower than present data describing the species’ range. Some uninvestigated habitats near densely populated landscapes may be prone to intense CEME impacts.
CEME impacts compromise humpback dolphin survival through habitat loss, population fragmentation, alteration of ecological regimes and deterioration of ecosystem functionality. A 30% loss of core habitat can catastrophically reduce the population viability of this species. The best strategy to avoid CEME impacts on humpback dolphin viability is to adopt a conservative planning regime from the outset.
To inform habitat protection planning, current and past habitat configuration and habitat characteristics of the humpback dolphin can be clarified by systematically designed surveys, local ecological knowledge investigation, long‐term satellite remote‐sensing data and species distribution modelling exercises. Sound habitat protection planning includes mapping hierarchical marine protected area (MPA) networks using spatial planning algorithms and carefully examining CEME impacts from an ecosystem perspective.
To prevent inappropriate CEME planning, the inclusion of citizen science, local community participation, marine environmental education and effective information delivery is proposed. Questions relating to the proposed areas of habitat loss, the extent of environmental change and the status of population–habitat viability under the scenario of CEME impacts are proposed in order to examine and re‐examine the environmental impacts of any CEME project.
A simple and fast LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of tenofovir alafenamide and tenofovir in human plasma
Authors: Qian Xiaoping , Chen Qi , Chen Yunhui , Ji Shiliang , Wang Ying , Sun Ye , Qi Huixin , Zhong Kan , Jiang Jinfang , Chen Xin , Huang Lifeng , Yang Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA simple and fast liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and tenofovir (TNF) in human plasma. A simple protein precipitation procedure was employed to extract analytes from plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Eclipse Plus C18 column utilizing a fast gradient elution starting with 2% of 2 mM ammonium acetate–formic acid (100/0.1, v/v) followed by increasing the percentage of acetonitrile. Detection was performed on a tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source operated in the positive ionization mode, using the transitions m/z 477.2 → m/z 346.1 for TAF and m/z 288.1 → m/z 176.1 for TNF. TAF‐d5 and TNF‐d7 were used as the internal standard of TAF and TNF, respectively. The method was validated in the concentration ranges 1.25–500 ng/mlfor TAF and 0.300–15.0 ng/ml for TNF with acceptable accuracy and precision.
Development of a Combined Plasma‐Matrix Reformer for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Chun Young Nam , An June 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel plasma‐matrix reformer (PMR) was suggested for methane conversion into hydrogen‐rich fuel. To demonstrate the possibility of reforming performance, characteristics of product gas and CH4 conversion were identified according to O2/C ratio, water vapor supply, reformed gas recirculation, and water feed in the recirculation gas affecting energy conversion and hydrogen production. When the reformed gas recirculation and water feed to the recirculation pipe were performed at the same time, hydrogen production and energy conversion efficiency were superior compared to the conventional reforming method. The optimal operating conditions of the PMR were determined. The obtained high energy conversion efficiency and hydrogen selectivity indicated the applicability to solid oxide fuel cell stacks for residential power generation.
Optically active porous hybrid particles constructed by alkynylated cellulose nanocrystals, helical substituted polyacetylene, and inorganic silica for enantio‐differentiating towards naproxen
Authors: Zhong Hai , Zhang Yingjie , Deng Jianping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article reports on a novel type of ternary chiral porous hybrid particles (TCPHPs) constructed by alkynylated cellulose nanocrystals (A‐CNCs), helical substituted polyacetylene, and inorganic silica. The resulting TCPHPs combine the respective advantages of the three components. A‐CNCs serve as stabilizer, co‐monomer, and chiral source simultaneously and transfer their chirality to the resulting helical substituted polyacetylenes in the course of copolymerization with achiral acetylenic monomer following “sergeants and soldiers rule”. Helical substituted polyacetylenes form chiral helical structures and thus endow TCPHPs with the anticipated optical activity. Inorganic silica constitutes the rigid framework and is covalently bonded with the organic components through hydrolysis of Si‐O‐Et groups. Phase separation between the organic and inorganic components renders TCPHPs with abundant pores. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm the formation of spherical particles with porous structures. Circular dichroism spectra demonstrate the optical activity of the chiral hybrid particles. The as‐prepared TCPHPs exhibit capacity for enantio‐differentiating performance towards chiral naproxen.
Strategies for Inhibition and Disaggregation of Amyloid‐β Fibrillation
Authors: Geng Hao , Gao Dong , Wang Zijuan , Liu Xiaoning , Cao Zhanshuo , Xing Chengfen 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryAmyloid‐β protein (Aβ) is a fatal cause of Alzheimer's disease, which can trigger a series of cytotoxicity by the abnormal aggregation of Aβ in human brain. The strategies for inhibition and disaggregation of Aβ fibrillation are mostly based on the interaction between monomers, oligomers, fibrils, and materials. This review summarizes recent researches of materials and regulation of interactions for inhibiting Aβ aggregation and disaggregating Aβ fibrils. The materials have been reviewed and divided into several kinds according to molecular type. And the regulation of interactions between materials and Aβ protein mainly focuses on covalent interaction, non‐covalent interaction and photoactivated effect based on covalent and non‐covalent interaction. In this review, the photodynamic effect and photothermal effect on regulation of Aβ aggregation are summarized in detail. In the end, the challenges and outlook of the application prospects on the strategies for inhibition and disaggregation of Aβ fibrillation are estimated.
Interaction of Copper Trafficking Proteins with the Platinum Anticancer Drug Kiteplatin
Authors: Barbanente Alessandra , Galliani Angela , Iacobazzi Rosa Maria , Lasorsa Alessia , Nardella Maria Incoronata , Pennetta Antonio , Margiotta Nicola , Arnesano Fabio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe interaction of metallodrugs with proteins influences their mechanism of action and side effects. In the case of platinum drugs, copper transporters modulate sensitivity and resistance to these anticancer agents. To deepen the knowledge of the structural properties underlying the reactivity of platinum drugs with copper transporters, we studied the interaction of kiteplatin and two of its derivatives with the methionine‐rich motif of copper importer Ctr1 and with the dithiol motif of the first domain of Menkes ATPase. Furthermore, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the three complexes were evaluated in cisplatin‐sensitive and ‐resistant ovarian cancer cells, comparing the data with those of clinically relevant drugs. Reactivity depends on the tightness of the chelate ring formed by the carrier ligands and the nature of the leaving and entering groups. The results highlight the importance of subtle changes in the platinum coordination sphere that affect drug absorption and intracellular fate.
Cusatuzumab for treatment of CD70‐positive relapsed or refractory cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Leupin Nicolas , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Morschhauser Franck , Dalle Stéphane , Maerevoet Marie , Michot Jean‐Marie , Ribrag Vincent , Offner Fritz , Beylot‐Barry Marie , Moins‐Teisserenc Hélène , Zwaenepoel Karen , de Winne Koen , Battistella Maxime , Hultberg Anna , Gandini Domenica , Moshir Mahan , Jacobs Julie , Delahaye Tim , Khan Aitzaz , Zabrocki Piotr , Silence Karen , van Rompaey Luc , Borg Christophe , Motta Giovanna , Melle Federica , Calleri Angelica , Pauwels Patrick , de Haard Hans , Pileri Stefano , Bagot Martine 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe clinical benefit of cusatuzumab, a CD70‐directed monoclonal antibody with enhanced effector functions, was investigated in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL).MethodsIn this cohort expansion of the ARGX‐110‐1201 study, 27 patients with R/R CTCL received cusatuzumab at 1 (n = 11) or 5 mg/kg (n = 16) once every 3 weeks to investigate its safety, dose, and exploratory efficacy. The pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, CD70 expression, and CD70/CD27 biology were also assessed.ResultsThe most common adverse events included infusion‐related reactions, pyrexia, and asthenia. Eighteen serious adverse events (grade 1‐3) were reported in 11 patients; 1 of these (vasculitis) was considered drug‐related. For 8 of the 11 patients receiving 1 mg/kg, anti‐drug antibodies (ADAs) affected the minimal concentration, and this resulted in undetectable cusatuzumab concentrations at the end of treatment and, in some cases, a loss of response. This effect was greatly reduced in the patients receiving 5 mg/kg. The overall response rate was 23%; this included 1 complete response and 5 partial responses (PRs) in 26 of the 27 evaluable patients. In addition, 9 patients achieved stable disease. The mean duration on cusatuzumab was 5.2 months, and the median duration was 2.5 months. Patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) achieved a 60% PR rate with a dosage of 5 mg/kg and a 33% PR rate with a dosage of 1 mg/kg; this resulted in an overall response rate of 50% for patients with SS at both doses.ConclusionsCusatuzumab was well tolerated, and antitumor activity was observed at both 1 and 5 mg/kg in highly pretreated patients with R/R CTCL. The observed dose‐dependent effect on exposure supports the use of 5 mg/kg for future development.
Detection of colorectal lesions during colonoscopy
Authors: Ikematsu Hiroaki , Murano Tatsuro , Shinmura Kensuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOwing to its high mortality rate, the prevention of colorectal cancer is of particular importance. The resection of colorectal polyps is reported to drastically reduce colorectal cancer mortality, and examination by endoscopists who had a high adenoma detection rate was found to lower the risk of colorectal cancer, highlighting the importance of identifying lesions. Various devices, imaging techniques, and diagnostic tools aimed at reducing the rate of missed lesions have therefore been developed to improve detection. The distal attachments and devices for improving the endoscopic view angle are intended to help avoid missing blind spots such as folds and flexures in the colon, whereas the imaging techniques represented by image‐enhanced endoscopy contribute to improving lesion visibility. Recent advances in artificial intelligence‐supported detection systems are expected to supplement an endoscopist's eye through the instant diagnosis of the lesions displayed on the monitor. In this review, we provide an outline of each tool and assess its impact on the reduction in the incidence of missed colorectal polyps by summarizing previous clinical research and meta‐analyses. Although useful, the many devices, image‐enhanced endoscopy, and artificial intelligence tools exhibited various limitations. Integrating these tools can improve their shortcomings. Combining artificial intelligence‐based diagnoses with wide‐angle image‐enhanced endoscopy may be particularly useful. Thus, we hope that such tools will be available in the near future.
Corrosion prediction of galvanized steel electrode in soil using deep learning‐based model
Authors: Wu Kongyong , Zhang Guofeng , Dong Manling , Zheng Wei , Peng Mingxiao , Lei Bing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate prediction for the corrosion status of grounding electrodes is critical for the safe and stable operation of power systems. However, the corrosion rate of grounding electrodes changes dramatically with the soil environmental parameters, making it hard to be precisely predicted. To address this problem, a deep learning method was proposed to numerically predict the corrosion rate of a galvanized carbon steel grounding electrode in this paper. The long‐short term memory method is selected as the modeling algorithm, and also chosen as the hidden layer for the Recurrent Neural Network, while the soil environmental parameters are used as input features. The predicted results match well with the experimental data when evaluated using different soil parameters, such as soil moisture, chloride (Cl–) concentrations, and sulfate (SO42–) concentrations. The threshold corrosion rate related to each parameter is obtained to estimate the corrosion rate with more accuracy.
A secure aggregation routing protocol with authentication and energy conservation
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Fengyin , Ren Pei , Yu Siqi , Sun Yuhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged in various applications. However, the uneven resource allocation of sensor devices seriously affect the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Moreover, the privacy leakage problem in wireless sensor networks is becoming increasingly serious. To solve the imbalance of energy consumption and privacy disclosure of nodes, we propose a secure aggregation routing protocol with authentication and energy conservation. Firstly, a new cluster head and cluster gateway selection method is proposed to balance the energy consumption of each node. By designing cost function and node density function, a cluster head and cluster gateway selection indicator is defined, and furthermore, a cluster head and cluster gateway node selection method is proposed. Secondly, a key negotiation scheme with authentication function is proposed. By introducing a trusted authorized node, a node authorization method is proposed to distribute the authorized keys. Finally, by introducing the proposed cluster head selection method and key negotiation scheme into WSN, a secure aggregation routing protocol with authentication and energy conservation is proposed. Performance analysis shows the proposed protocol obtains more executable rounds with less total energy consumption and extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.
The longitudinal psychological, physical activity, and financial impact of a COVID‐19 lockdown on older adults in Singapore: The PIONEER‐COVID population‐based study
Authors: Lee Ester Pei Xuan , Man Ryan Eyn Kidd , Gan Tau Liang Alfred , Fenwick Eva K. , Aravindhan Amudha , Ho Kam Chun , Sung Sharon Cohan , Wong Tien Yin , Ho Cyrus Su Hui , Gupta Preeti , Lamoureux Ecosse L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral countries have implemented ‘lockdown’ measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).AimsTo examine the psychological, physical activity (PA), and financial impact of a 2‐month COVID‐19 lockdown on older adults aged ≥60 years in Singapore, and to identify factors associated with adverse lockdown‐related outcomes.MethodWe interviewed 496 community‐dwelling adults (mean age [standard deviation]: 73.8 [7.6] years; 54.8% female) during the lockdown who had previously participated in a population‐based epidemiological study. Validated questionnaires were utilised to assess loneliness and depressive symptoms at both timepoints, while inhouse questionnaires were used to assess PA and financial difficulty during lockdown. Multivariable regression models determined the lockdown‐related change in loneliness and depression scores, and the factors associated with adverse outcomes.ResultsLoneliness increased significantly during the lockdown period (p < 0.001) while depressive symptoms decreased (p = 0.022). Decreased PA, greater financial problems, male gender, Indian ethnicity, living alone, having a greater body mass index and perceived susceptibility to COVID‐19 were all associated with worsening loneliness scores. A total of 36.9% and 19.6% participants reported decreased PA and had financial problems during the lockdown, respectively. Unemployment was associated with decreased PA, while self‐employed individuals, cleaners, retail workers and smokers had greater odds of experiencing financial difficulty.ConclusionDespite a decrease in depressive symptoms, our population of older Asians reported a significant increase in loneliness and decreased PA, with one‐fifth experiencing financial problems during lockdown. Our data suggest that more targeted public health efforts are needed to reduce repercussions of future lockdowns.