bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transdural Spinal Cord Herniation: An Exceptional Complication of Thoracoscopic Discectomy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Pommier Benjamin , Grelat Michaël , Messerer Rostom , Portet Sylvain , Barrey Cédric Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thoracic disc herniation is a rare and severe condition, whose treatment may have complications including dural tears. Although benign in most cases, dural tears may induce iatrogenic transdural herniation of the spinal cord. The video demonstrates the diagnosis and surgical treatment of iatrogenic transdural herniation of the spinal cord. Here, we report a case of spinal cord herniation after thorascopic treatment of a thoracic disc herniation (DH). A 28-yr-old male presented with several years of left lower extremity weakness and was found to have a T6-7 DH. He underwent DH resection through video assisted mini-thoracotomy at another institution. In the immediate postoperative period, he developed a Brown-Sequard syndrome with left leg weakness. The surgeon decided not to reoperate and the patient improved with rehabilitation, allowing him to walk again. At 6 mo postop, he experienced sudden neurologic worsening but did not present to our clinic until 6 mo later. At this time, he had near complete paraplegia with bilateral lower extremity spasticity and central neuropathic pain. MRI showed a pseudo-meningocele and features suggesting a lateral spinal cord herniation. After a multidisciplinary meeting, we elected to perform a posterolateral approach with costo-arthro-pediculectomy and durotomy to repair the SC herniation. Immediately postop, the patient had a slight improvement in right lower extremity function, with decreased pain and spasticity. This case shows a transdural SC herniation, a rare complication after resection of DH. It is possible that an unreported or unrecognized dural tear at the time of the initial surgery, combined with the negative pressure of the thoracic cavity, put the patient at risk for this particular complication.
The authors state that the patient gave his informed consent.
Prioritizing the marginalized in the COVID-19 vaccine rollout
Authors: Braganza Brent B , Capulong Harvey Gain M , Gopez Jose Ma W , Gozum Ivan Efreaim A , Galang Joseph Renus F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A recent correspondence pointed out that indigenous people and other ethnic communities should be included in the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine. Indigenous communities carry a unique set of cultural beliefs and traditions that need to be preserved. This paper suggests that, aside from indigenous people, other marginalized sectors should also be included in the vaccine rollout by the government.
How Should Performance Signals Affect Contracts?
Authors: Chaigneau Pierre , Edmans Alex , Gottlieb Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The informativeness principle states that a contract should depend on informative signals. This paper studies how it should do so. Signals indicating that the output distribution has shifted to the left (e.g., weak industry performance) reduce the threshold for the manager to be paid; those indicating that output is a precise measure of effort (e.g., low volatility) decrease high thresholds and increase low thresholds. Surprisingly, “good” signals of performance need not reduce the threshold. Applying our model to performance-based vesting, we show that performance measures should affect the strike price, rather than the number of vesting options, contrary to practice.
Development and acceptability of an educational video about a smoking cessation quitline for use in adult outpatient mental healthcare
Authors: Kazan Adina S , Perry Laura M , Atiya Wasef F , Voss Hallie M , Kim Seowoo , Easwar Sanjana , Mercorella Hannah N , Lewson Ashley , Rogers James L , Arnold Dodie , Raines Amanda M , Brown Lisanne , Moore Tonia , Hoerger Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of early mortality and is prevalent among adults with mental health diagnoses, especially in the southern USA. Increasing cessation resources in outpatient mental health care and targeting individuals most receptive to changing their behavior may improve cessation. Drawing on the transtheoretical model, our goals were to develop an educational video about the Louisiana Tobacco Quitline and evaluate its acceptability. We designed the video with knowledge derived from Louisiana-specific data (2016 Louisiana Adult Tobacco Survey, N = 6,469) and stakeholder feedback. Bivariate associations between demographic/tobacco-use characteristics and participants’ stage of quitting (preparation phase vs. nonpreparation phase) were conducted, which informed design elements of the video. Four stakeholder advisory board meetings involving current smokers, mental health clinicians, and public health advocates convened to provide iterative feedback on the intervention. Our stakeholder advisory board (n = 10) and external stakeholders (n = 20) evaluated intervention acceptability. We found that 17.9% of Louisiana adults were current smokers, with 46.9% of them in the preparation phase of quitting. Using insights from data and stakeholders, we succeeded in producing a 2-min video about the Louisiana Tobacco Quitline which incorporated three themes identified as important by stakeholders: positivity, relatability, and approachability. Supporting acceptability, 96.7% of stakeholders rated the video as helpful and engaging. This study demonstrates the acceptability of combining theory, existing data, and iterative stakeholder feedback to develop a quitline educational video. Future research should examine whether the video can be used to reduce tobacco use.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Fluid Resuscitation and Vasopressor Therapy Research Priorities in Adult Patients
Authors: Lat Ishaq , Coopersmith Craig M. , De Backer Daniel 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE:
Expand upon the priorities of fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy research priorities identified by a group of experts assigned by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.

DATA SOURCES:
Original article, literature search.

STUDY SELECTION:
Several members of the original task force with expertise specific to the area of fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy.

DATA EXTRACTION:
None.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
None.

CONCLUSION:
In the second of a series of manuscripts subsequent to the original article, members with expertise in the subjects expound upon the three identified priorities related to fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapies. This analysis summarizes what is known and what were identified as ongoing and future research.
Isolated Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus Midbrain Infarction Mimicking Medial Rectus Paralysis
Authors: Yan Minli , Liu Jiayi , Zhang Zhengxiang 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Medial longitudinal fasciculus infarction is rare in clinical practice and generally accompanied by brain tissue damage around the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Isolated medial longitudinal fasciculus midbrain infarction was seldom reported.

Case Report:
An 81-year-old man with hypertension was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset diplopia. A neurological examination revealed right adduction paresis without abducting nystagmus in the left eye, whereas the convergence reflex was normal. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a small acute lacunar medial longitudinal fasciculus infarction in the right midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus. Diffusion-tensor imaging showed a reduction of the right medial longitudinal fasciculus. Medial longitudinal fasciculus infarction is rare and occurs most commonly in the pons. The authors report on a case of isolated medial longitudinal fasciculus infarction that was diagnosed because of sudden diplopia and manifested as simple internal rectus paralysis with no abducting nystagmus on the contralateral side of the lesion.

Conclusion:
Isolated midbrain-medial longitudinal fasciculus infarction without contralateral abducting nystagmus is a rare occurrence. It can be differentiated from partial oculomotor palsy by assessing the convergence reflex, primary gaze, and diffusion-tensor imaging.
Review: Can temperature be used to inform changes to flood extremes with global warming?
Authors: Wasko Conrad 
Published: March 2021

As climate change alters flood risk, there is a need to project changes in flooding for water resource management, infrastructure design and planning. The use of observed temperature relationships for informing changes in hydrologic extremes takes many forms, from simple proportional change approaches to conditioning stochastic rainfall generation on observed temperatures. Although generally focused on understanding changes to precipitation, there is an implied transfer of information gained from precipitation-temperature sensitivities to flooding as extreme precipitation is often responsible for flooding. While reviews of precipitation-temperature sensitivities and the non-stationarity of flooding exist, little attention has been given to the intersection of these two topics. Models which use temperature as a covariate to assess the non-stationarity of extreme precipitation outperform both stationary models and those using a temporal trend as a covariate. But care must be taken when projecting changes in flooding on the basis on precipitation-temperature sensitivities, as antecedent conditions modify the runoff response. Although good agreement is found between peak flow-temperature sensitivities and historical trends across Australia, there remains little evaluation of flood projections using temperature sensitivities globally. Significant work needs to be done before the use of temperature as a covariate for flood projection can be adopted with confidence.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks’.
Storm types in India: linking rainfall duration, spatial extent and intensity
Authors: Moron Vincent , Barbero Renaud , Fowler Hayley J. , Mishra Vimal 
Published: March 2021

We examine wet events (WEs) defined from an hourly rainfall dataset based on 64 gauged observations across India (1969–2016). More than 90% of the WEs (accounting for nearly 60% of total rainfall) are found to last less than or equal to 5 h. WEs are then clustered into six canonical local-scale storm profiles (CanWE). The most frequent canonical type (CanWE#1 and #2) are associated with very short and nominal rainfall. The remaining canonical WEs can be grouped into two broad families: (i) CanWE#3 and #5 with short (usually less than or equal to 3–4 h), but very intense rainfall strongly phase-locked onto the diurnal cycle (initiation peaks in mid-afternoon) and probably related to isolated thunderstorms or small mesoscale convective clusters (MCS), and (ii) CanWE#4 and #6 with longer and lighter rainfall in mean (but not necessarily for their maximum) and more independent of the diurnal cycle, thus probably related to larger MCSs or tropical lows. The spatial extent of the total rainfall received during each CanWE, as shown by IMERG gridded rainfall, is indeed smaller for CanWE#3 and #5 than for CanWE#4 and especially #6. Most of the annual maximum 1 hour rainfalls occur during CanWE#5. Long-term trend analysis of the June–September canonical WEs across boreal monsoonal India reveals an increase in the relative frequency of the convective storm types CanWE#3 and #5 in recent years, as expected from global warming and thermodynamic considerations.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes and implications for flash flood risks’.
Synthetic protein antigens for COVID-19 diagnostics
Authors: Schein Catherine H. , Levine Corri B. , McLellan Susan L F , Negi Surendra S. , Braun Werner , Dreskin Stephen C. , Anaya Elizabeth S. , Schmidt Jurgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need for inexpensive, rapid and specific antigen-based assays to test for infection with SARS-CoV-2 and distinguish variants arising as the COVID-19 pandemic spreads. We have identified a small, synthetic protein (JS7), representing a region of maximum variability within the receptor binding domain (RBD), which binds antibodies in sera from nine patients with PCR-verified COVID-19 of varying severity. Antibodies binding to either JS7 or the SARS-CoV-2 recombinant RBD, as well as those that disrupt binding between a fragment of the ACE2 receptor and the RBD, are proportional to disease severity and clinical outcome. Binding to JS7 was inhibited by linear peptides from the RBD interface with ACE2. Variants of JS7, such as N501Y, can be quickly synthesized in a pure form in large quantities by automated methods. JS7 and related synthetic antigens can provide a basis for specific diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Remdesivir as a tool to relieve hospital care systems stressed by COVID-19: A modelling study on bed resources and budget impact
Authors: Béraud Guillaume , Timsit Jean-François , Leleu Henri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRemdesivir and dexamethasone are the only drugs providing reductions in the lengths of hospital stays for COVID-19 patients. We assessed the impacts of remdesivir on hospital-bed resources and budgets affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. A stochastic agent-based model was combined with epidemiological data available on the COVID-19 outbreak in France and data from two randomized control trials. Strategies involving treating with remdesivir only patients with low-flow oxygen and patients with low-flow and high-flow oxygen were examined. Treating all eligible low-flow oxygen patients during the entirety of the second wave would have decreased hospital-bed occupancy in conventional wards by 4% [2%; 7%] and intensive care unit (ICU)-bed occupancy by 9% [6%; 13%]. Extending remdesivir use to high-flow-oxygen patients would have amplified reductions in ICU-bed occupancy by up to 14% [18%; 11%]. A minimum remdesivir uptake of 20% was required to observe decreases in bed occupancy. Dexamethasone had effects of similar amplitude. Depending on the treatment strategy, using remdesivir would, in most cases, generate savings (up to 722€) or at least be cost neutral (an extra cost of 34€). Treating eligible patients could significantly limit the saturation of hospital capacities, particularly in ICUs. The generated savings would exceed the costs of medications.
Characterization of the indoor near-field and far-field aerosol transmission in a model commercial office building
Authors: Chien Chih-Hsiang , Cheng Mengdawn , Piljae Im , Nawaz Kashif , Fricke Brian , Armstrong Anthony 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo simulate the exposure potential of infectious aerosol such as SARS-CoV-2 in an office building setting, experimental studies for airborne particle transmission have been conducted in a model commercial office building at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The synthetic test aerosol particles had diameters similar to that of viral particles, in the nanometer size range of genetic fragments. Thus, the test aerosol provided a realistic representation of SARS-CoV-2 viral particle transmission. The study results, which are still being analyzed carefully at the present, suggest that in a door-closed single room setting, the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system can facilitate aerosol transmission, and 10 measuring points in a single room report the normalized concentration ranged from 0.45 – 0.66. Additionally, at a measuring point 6 feet away from the source, the aerosol concentration can reach a plateau normalized concentration of about 0.6 within 30 minutes. When interior doors were closed, aerosol particle transmission into adjacent rooms occurred through the building HVAC system, at a lower rate compared to the open-door scenario. If the interior doors were open, however, then the transmission into adjacent rooms depends on building indoor air movement and distance from the source. The building HVAC system provided an approximately less than 10% aerosol transmission rate, while transmission through a door opening can add up to 40% of transmission into adjacent rooms from the source location.FootnoteThis manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
Consistency of performance of adverse outcome prediction models for hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Castro Victor M. , McCoy Thomas H. , Perlis Roy H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported and validated a risk prediction tool based on COVID-19 hospitalizations prior to June 2020. Here, we report performance of that model on subsequent data from 6 hospitals and among individual patient subgroups.MethodWe included individuals age 18 or older hospitalized at one of 2 academic medical centers and 4 community hospitals from 6/7/2020 through 1/22/2021 with positive PCR test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within 5 days of admission. Coefficients from our previously reported least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) risk models were applied to estimate probability of a mortality, as well as a composite severe illness outcome, including admission to the ICU, mechanical ventilation or mortality.ResultsOverall model performance for mortality included AUC of 0.83 (95% CI:0.80-0.87) for mortality, with a PPV 0.55 and NPV of 0.95 when using a cutoff corresponding to the highest 20% of predicted risk derived in the training set. For all adverse outcomes, AUC was 0.79 (95% CI:0.75-0.81) and PPV 0.48 and NPV 0.98 in the top 20% risk group. Model discrimination was generally similar between genders and race/ethnicity groups, but markedly poorer for younger age groups.ConclusionAlthough the population of individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 has shifted and outcomes have improved overall, prediction models derived earlier in the pandemic may maintain utility.
A qualitative study on cultural determinants for breastfeeding cessation and their association with child diarrhoea in the rural Peruvian Andes
Authors: Martínez Néstor Nuño , Wallenborn Jordyn , Mäusezahl Daniel , Hartinger Stella M. , Ribera Joan Muela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn some parts of the world, breast milk is seen as a potential source of child diarrhoea. While this belief has been explored in African and Southeast Asian countries, it remains vastly understudied in Latin American contexts. We investigate cultural factors contributing to breastfeeding cessation in rural high-altitude populations of the Peruvian Andes. The role of cultural factors in the local explanatory model of child diarrhoea, and whether these perceptions are integrated in the local healthcare system were assessed.MethodsWe carried out semi-structured interviews with mothers (n=40) from 29 communities participating in a large community-randomised controlled trial and health personnel (n=15). We used trial’s baseline information to describe characteristics of women participants.ResultsCultural beliefs for breastfeeding cessation included the perception that breast milk turned into “blood” after six months and that breastfeeding caused child diarrhoea. We identified eight local types of child diarrhoea, and women associated six of them with breastfeeding practices. “Infection” was the only diarrhoea mothers linked to hygiene and the germ disease concept and perceived as treatable through drug therapy. Women believed that other types of diarrhoea could not be treated within the formal healthcare sector. Interviews with health personnel revealed no protocol for, or consensus about, the integration of the local explanatory model for child diarrhoea in local healthcare and service provision.ConclusionThe local explanatory model in rural Andean Peru associated breastfeeding with child diarrhoeas. Cultural beliefs regarding diarrhoea management may increase home treatments, even in cases of severe diarrhoeal episodes. Future breastfeeding interventions should promote peer-counselling approaches to reduce negative attitudes towards breastfeeding and health practitioners. Local explanatory models should be incorporated into provincial and regional strategies for child diarrhoea management to promote equity in health and improve provider-patient relationships.
Study on horizon-scanning with a focus on the development of AI-based medical products: citation network analysis
Authors: Takata Takuya , Sasaki Hajime , Yamano Hiroko , Honma Masashi , Shikano Mayumi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesHorizon-scanning for innovative technologies that might be applied to medical products and require new assessment approaches/regulations will help to prepare regulators, allowing earlier access to the product for patients and an improved benefit/risk ratio. In this study, we focused on the field of AI-based medical image analysis as a retrospective example of medical devices, where many products have recently been developed and applied. We proposed and validated horizon-scanning using citation network analysis and text mining for bibliographic information analysis.Methods and analysisResearch papers for citation network analysis which contain “convolutional*” OR “machine-learning” OR “deep-learning” were obtained from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-expanded) in the Web of Science (WoS). The citation network among those papers was converted into an unweighted network with papers as nodes and citation relationships as links. The network was then divided into clusters using the topological clustering method and the characteristics of each cluster were confirmed by extracting a summary of frequently cited academic papers, and the characteristic keywords, in the cluster.ResultsWe classified 119,553 publications obtained from SCI and grouped them into 36 clusters. Hence, it was possible to understand the academic landscape of AI applications. The key articles on AI-based medical image analysis were included in one or two clusters, suggesting that clusters specific to the technology were appropriately formed. Based on the average publication year of the constituent papers of each cluster, we tracked recent research trends. It was also suggested that significant research progress would be detected as a quick increase in constituent papers and the number of citations of hub papers in the cluster.ConclusionWe validated that citation network analysis applies to the horizon-scanning of innovative medical devices and demonstrated that AI-based electrocardiograms and electroencephalograms can lead to the development of innovative products.Article SummaryStrengths and limitations of this studyCitation network analysis can provide an academic landscape in the investigated research field, based on the citation relationship of research papers and objective information, such as characteristic keywords and publication year.It might be possible to detect possible significant research progress and the emergence of new research areas through analysis every several months.It is important to confirm the opinions of experts in this area when evaluating the results of the analysis.Information on patents and clinical trials for this analysis is currently unavailable.