Abstract 1354: Deciphering the functional basis of synergy between taxanes and TAK715: A novel repurposed drug candidate in treatment-refractory aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Chakravarti Sayak , Mazumder Suman , Hemmati Farnaz , Amiri Farshad , Ghosh Taraswi Mitra , Mukherjee Ujjal Kumar , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Moore Timothy , Arnold Robert , Yates Clayton , Mitra Amit Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is the most advanced and lethal stage of prostate cancer. A subset of advanced CRPC patients eventually develop an aggressive variant of prostate cancer (AVPCa), a rapidly progressive disease state with lack of AR expression (AR-ve mCRPC) and limited or no therapeutic options. To address this outstanding issue, we have previously reported using a novel computational algorithm (‘secDrug') and in vitro chemosensitivity and phenotypic assays to identify TAK715-a p38MAPK inhibitor as a synergistic partner for Taxanes/TX in treating AVPCa. Notably, in CRPC, MAPK pathway is involved in sustaining AR-independent cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the genes, networks and molecular pathways underlining TX+TAK715 drug synergy in AVPCa. Gene expression profiling (mRNA sequencing) followed by Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) revealed upregulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as the top dysregulated pathways following single-agent and combination treatment, which were confirmed by immunoblotting. In vitro ROS generation assay and Mitochondrial membrane potential measurement following combination treatment confirmed elevated intra-cellular ROS level (≈7 folds; indicating oxidative stress) and membrane depolarization (indicating mitochondrial dysfunction), respectively, in mCRPC lines. Furthermore, our IPA causal network analysis predicted significant upregulation of microRNA-132 and downregulation of miR-21 in response to combination treatment. Using in silico analysis on multiple GEO PCa datasets, we found low expression level of miR-132 was associated with poor clinical prognosis, transition from androgen dependent (AD) to independent (AI) stage and metastasis. miRNA 21 was significantly up regulated in the GEO PCa datasets. miRNA 21 is an AR-regulated miRNA that plays key role in nullifying the effect of castration, drive progression to AI stage, TX resistance and cellular invasiveness through down-regulation of tumor suppressor PTEN. Finally, using single-cell transcriptomic analysis we showed that cell subpopulations expressing the PCa stemness marker CD44, or drug resistant markers (CXCL8, CDK1), or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers (Vimentin, TGFB1) were also very high expressors of TAK715 target genes (CSNK1D, MAPK14, MAP4K4) indicating TAK715 is potentially effective against treatment-refractory and stem-cell like subclones.Together, we conclude that TAK715+Taxane combination may be useful in curbing oncogenic progressions in AVPCa through simultaneous inhibition of multiple oncogenic factors/pathways. Currently, we are performing functional analysis of microRNA signatures of drug synergy as well as in vivo validation of the drug combinations using mouse xenograft models.
Citation Format: Sayak Chakravarti, Suman Mazumder, Farnaz Hemmati, Farshad Amiri, Taraswi Mitra Ghosh, Ujjal Kumar Mukherjee, Panagiotis Mistriotis, Timothy Moore, Robert Arnold, Clayton Yates, Amit Kumar Mitra. Deciphering the functional basis of synergy between taxanes and TAK715: A novel repurposed drug candidate in treatment-refractory aggressive prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1354.