bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated algorithm for calculation of setup corrections and planning target volume margins for offline image‐guided radiotherapy protocols
Authors: Abubakar Auwal , Zamri Nada Alia M. , Shaukat Shazril Imran , Mohd Zin Hafiz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeEach radiotherapy center should have a site‐specific planning target volume (PTV) margins and image‐guided (IG) radiotherapy (IGRT) correction protocols to compensate for the geometric errors that can occur during treatment. This study developed an automated algorithm for the calculation and evaluation of these parameters from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐based IG‐intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG‐IMRT) treatment.Methods and materialsA MATLAB algorithm was developed to extract the setup errors in three translational directions (x, y, and z) from the data logged by the CBCT system during treatment delivery. The algorithm also calculates the resulted population setup error and PTV margin based on the van Herk margin recipe and subsequently estimates their respective values for no action level (NAL) and extended no action level (eNAL) offline correction protocols. The algorithm was tested on 25 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated using IG‐IMRT.ResultsThe algorithms calculated that the HNC patients require a PTV margin of 3.1, 2.7, and 3.2 mm in the x‐, y‐, and z‐direction, respectively, without IGRT. The margin can be reduced to 2.0, 2.2, and 3.0 mm in the x‐, y‐, and z‐direction, respectively, with NAL and 1.6, 1.7, and 2.2 mm in the x‐, y‐, and z‐direction, respectively, with eNAL protocol. The results obtained were verified to be the same with the margins calculated using an Excel spreadsheet. The algorithm calculates the weekly offline setup error correction values automatically and reduces the risk of input data error observed in the spreadsheet.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the algorithm provides an automated method for optimization and reduction of PTV margin using logged setup errors from CBCT‐based IGRT.
Fucoidan Hydrogels Significantly Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Enhance the Endocrine Function of Encapsulated Beta Cells
Authors: Reys Lara L. , Vaithilingam Vijayaganapathy , Sthijns Mireille M. J. P. E. , Soares Eduardo , Rademakers Timo , de Vries Rick , Mohammed Sami G. , de Bont Denise , Jetten Marlon J. , Hermanns Carolin , Filho Omar Paulino da Silva , Stell Adam , Mourad Nizar I. , Gianello Pierre , LaPointe Vanessa L. S. , Silva Simone S. , Reis Rui L. , Silva Tiago H. , van Apeldoorn Aart A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroencapsulating pancreatic islets in immunoprotective alginate hydrogels is a promising strategy for treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, this strategy is limited by inflammation and hypoxia mediated oxidative stress, due to encapsulation and the hydrogel itself, leading to impaired insulin secretion and limited short and long term cell survival. Herein, the antioxidant effect of fucoidan, an algae derived polysaccharide, on beta cells, and its positive effects on encapsulated beta cell viability and function is presented. Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus (FF) exhibits a high total antioxidant capacity, and free radical scavenging activity, and is able to significantly alleviate intracellular oxidative stress in rat insolinoma beta cells (INS1E). In addition, FF significantly increases insulin secretion in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. When FF is incorporated in ultrapure alginate used for microencapsulation of primary rat islets, both viability and glucose responsiveness of rat islets in these socalled Fucogel microcapsules (Fucocaps) are found to be significantly higher compared to islets encapsulated in alginate alone. Similar results are obtained with INS1E pseudoislets and neonatal pig islets. Fucocaps can provide a redox‐modulatory niche and an immune barrier for islets and beta cells in the same time leading to significantly improved survival and endocrine function by mitigating oxidative stress.
Aggressive T‐cell lymphomas: 2021 Updates on diagnosis, risk stratification and management
Authors: Zain Jasmine M. , Hanona Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAggressive T‐cell lymphomas continue to have a poor prognosis. There are over 27 different subtypes of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), and we are now beginning to understand the differences between the various subtypes beyond histologic variations.Molecular Pathogenesis of Various Subtypes of PTCLGene expression profiling (GEP) can help in diagnosis and prognostication of various subtypes including PTCL‐nos and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). In addition, mutational analysis is now being incorporated in clinical trials of novel agents to evaluate various biomarkers of response to allow better therapeutic choices for patients.Targeted TherapiesThere are many targeted agents currently in various stages of clinical trials for PTCL that take advantage of the differential expression of specific proteins or receptors in PTCL tumors. This includes the CD30 directed antibody drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin. Other notable targets are CD25, CCR4, inhibition of PI3kinase – m TOR and JAK/STAT pathways. The ALK inhibitors are promising for ALK expressing tumors.ImmunotherapiesAllogeneic stem cell transplant continues to be the curative therapy for most aggressive subtypes of PTCL. The use of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of PTCL is still controversial. The most promising results have been seen in cases of extranodal natural killer cell/T‐cell (ENK/T) lymphomas and cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL). Bispecific antibody based treatments as well as CAR‐T cell based therapies are in clinical trials.
Endangered mountain gorillas and COVID‐19: One health lessons for prevention and preparedness during a global pandemic
Authors: Gilardi Kirsten , Nziza Julius , Ssebide Benard , Syaluha Eddy Kambale , Muvunyi Richard , Aruho Robert , Shalukoma Chantal , Seguya Andrew , Masozera Anna Behm 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe world's 1063 mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) live in two subpopulations at the borders of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda. The majority of mountain gorillas are human‐habituated to facilitate tourism and research, which brings mountain gorillas into close proximity of people daily. Wild great apes are proven to be susceptible to human pathogens, including viruses that have caused fatal respiratory disease in mountain gorillas (e.g., human metapneumovirus1). This is the result of the close genetic relatedness of humans and gorillas as species, and the structural and genetic similarity in molecular receptors that allow viruses to infect cells2. At the time of writing, there is no evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19), has infected a mountain gorilla. However, due to the significant potential for human‐to‐gorilla transmission, mountain gorilla range States took immediate steps to minimize the COVID‐19 threat. These actions included a combination of preventive practice around gorillas and other great apes (e.g., mandatory face mask use, increased “social” minimum distancing from gorillas) as well as human public health measures (e.g., daily health/fever screenings, COVID‐19 screening, and quarantines). Minimization of the COVID‐19 threat also required socioeconomic decision‐making and political will, as all gorilla tourism was suspended by late March 2020 and guidelines developed for tourism reopening. A consortium that collaborates and coordinates on mountain gorilla management and conservation, working within an intergovernmental institutional framework, took a multifaceted One Health approach to address the COVID‐19 threat to mountain gorillas by developing a phased contingency plan for prevention and response. The aim of this paper is to describe how range States and partners achieved this collaborative planning effort, with intent that this real‐world experience will inform similar actions at other great ape sites.
Unraveling the heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease progression across multiple cohorts and the implications for data‐driven disease modeling
Authors: Birkenbihl Colin , Salimi Yasamin , Fröhlich Holger ,   for the Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionGiven study‐specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohort studies effectively sample from different statistical distributions. This heterogeneity can propagate into cohort‐specific signals and subsequently bias data‐driven investigations of disease progression patterns.MethodsWe built multi‐state models for six independent AD cohort datasets to statistically compare disease progression patterns across them. Additionally, we propose a novel method for clustering cohorts with regard to their progression signals.ResultsWe identified significant differences in progression patterns across cohorts. Models trained on cohort data learned cohort‐specific effects that bias their estimations. We demonstrated how six cohorts relate to each other regarding their disease progression.DiscussionHeterogeneity in cohort datasets impedes the reproducibility of data‐driven results and validation of progression models generated on single cohorts. To ensure robust scientific insights, it is advisable to externally validate results in independent cohort datasets. The proposed clustering assesses the comparability of cohorts in an unbiased, data‐driven manner.
Almost sure exponential stability of hybrid stochastic delayed Cohen–Grossberg neural networks
Authors: Yu Peilin , Cheng Pei , Deng Feiqi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBenefit from the significant work of Song and Mao (2018), this paper focuses on the almost sure exponential stability of hybrid stochastic delayed Cohen–Grossberg neural network (SDCGNN) with the nonlinear disturbance. By virtue of stationary distribution, Lyapunov stability theory and LMI tool, we will propose that if the corresponding delay‐free stochastic neural network is almost surely exponentially stable, then there exists a positive number τ∗ such that the SDCGNN is also almost surely exponentially stable so long as τ < τ∗. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of our results, and an implicit lower bound for τ∗ is provided.
Travelling ultrasound promotes vasculogenesis of three‐dimensional‐monocultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Imashiro Chikahiro , Azuma Tetsuya , Itai Shun , Kuribara Taiki , Totani Kiichiro , Onoe Hiroaki , Takemura Kenjiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo generate three‐dimensional tissue in vitro, promoting vasculogenesis in cell aggregates is an important factor. Here, we found that ultrasound promoted vasculogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Promotion of HUVEC network formation and lumen formation were observed using our method. In addition to morphological evaluations, protein expression was quantified by western blot assays. As a result, expression of proteins related to vasculogenesis and the response to mechanical stress on cells was enhanced by exposure to ultrasound. Although several previous studies have shown that ultrasound may promote vasculogenesis, the effect of ultrasound was unclear because of unregulated ultrasound, the complex culture environment, or two‐dimensional‐cultured HUVECs that cannot form a lumen structure. In this study, regulated ultrasound was propagated on three‐dimensional‐monocultured HUVECs, which clarified the effect of ultrasound on vasculogenesis. We believe this finding may be an innovation in the tissue engineering field.
On‐chip determination of tissue‐specific metastatic potential of breast cancer cells
Authors: Firatligil‐Yildirir Burcu , Bati‐Ayaz Gizem , Tahmaz Ismail , Bilgen Muge , Pesen‐Okvur Devrim , Yalcin‐Ozuysal Ozden 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetastasis is one of the major obstacles for breast cancer patients. Limitations of current models demand the development of custom platforms to predict metastatic potential and homing choices of cancer cells. Here, two organ‐on‐chip platforms, invasion/chemotaxis (IC‐chip) and extravasation (EX‐chip) were used for the quantitative assessment of invasion and extravasation towards specific tissues. Lung, liver and breast microenvironments were simulated in the chips using tissue‐specific cells embedded in matrigel. In the IC‐chip, invasive MDA‐MB‐231, but not noninvasive MCF‐7 breast cancer cells invaded into lung and liver microenvironments. In the EX‐chip, MDA‐MB‐231 cells extravasated more into the lung compared to the liver and breast microenvironments. In addition, lung‐specific MDA‐MB‐231 clone invaded and extravasated into the lung microenvironment more efficiently than the bone‐specific clone. Both invasion/chemotaxis and extravasation results were in agreement with published clinical data. Collectively, our results show that IC‐chip and EX‐chip, simulating tissue‐specific microenvironments, can distinguish different in vivo metastatic phenotypes, in vitro. Determination of tissue‐specific metastatic potential of breast cancer cells is expected to improve diagnosis and help select the ideal therapy.
Novel method for quantifying cells on carriers and its demonstration during SARS‐2 vaccine development
Authors: Rosen Osnat , Jayson Avital , Natan Niva , Monash Arik , Girshengorn Meni , Goldvaser Michael , Levin Lilach , Epstein Eyal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe most effective way to prevent and control infectious disease outbreak is through vaccines. The increasing use of vaccines has elevated the need to establish new manufacturing strategies. One of the major approaches is cell‐based production, which creates a need for high cell density to enable higher cell production levels. This has led to development of the technology of cell carriers, including micro and macro cell carriers. To follow the production process, quantifying the number of cells on these carriers is required, as well as the tracking of their viability and proliferation. However, owing to various carriers' unique structures, tracking the cell's is challenging using current traditional assays that were originally developed for monolayers of adherent cells. The current “gold standard” method is counting cell nuclei, separating cells from the carrier, staining with crystal violet, and visually counting under a microscope. This method is tedious and counts both live and dead cells. A few other techniques were developed but were specific to the carrier type and involved specialized equipment. In this study, we describe a broadly ranging method for counting cells on carriers that was developed and employed as part of the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine. The method is based on the Alamar blue dye, a well‐known, common marker for cell activity, and was found to be successful in tracking cell adsorption, cell growth, and viability on carriers. No separation of the cells from the carriers is needed, nor is any specialized equipment; the method is simple and rapid and provides comprehensive details necessary for process control of viral vaccine production in cells. This method can be easily implemented in any of a number of cell‐based processes and other unique platforms for measuring the growth of encapsulated cells.
Prehabilitation exercise therapy for cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Michael Christina M. , Lehrer Eric J. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Zaorsky Nicholas G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of prehabilitation exercise intervention with respect to (1) acceptability, feasibility, and safety; and (2) physical function, measured by 6‐minute‐walk test (6MWT).Data sourcesPRISMA guidelines were used to systematically search PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases evaluating prehabilitation exercise interventions.Study selectionThe inclusion criteria were studies investigating patients who underwent surgery for their cancer and underwent prehabilitation exercise.Data extraction and synthesisGuidelines were applied by independent extraction by multiple observers. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model.Main outcome(s) and measure(s)Acceptability, feasibility, and safety rates were calculated. 6MWT (maximum distance a person can walk at their own pace on a hard, flat surface, measured in meters, with longer distance indicative of better performance status) was compared using two arms using the DerSimonian and Laird method.ResultsObjective 1. Across 21 studies included in this review, 1564 patients were enrolled, 1371 (87.7%) accepted the trial; of 1371, 1230 (89.7% feasibility) completed the intervention. There was no grade 3+ toxicities. Objective 2. Meta‐analysis of five studies demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in 6MWT distance postoperatively in the control group (mean difference = +27.9 m; 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.3; 46.6) and a significant improvement postoperatively in the prehabilitation group (mean difference = −24.1 m; 95% CI: −45.7; −2.6). Meta‐analysis demonstrated improvements in 6MWT distance 4–8 weeks postoperatively in the prehabilitation group compared to the control group (mean difference = −58.0 m, 95% CI: −92.8; −23.3).Conclusions and relevancePrehabilitation exercise for cancer patients undergoing surgery was found to be safe, acceptable, and feasible with a statistically significant improvement in the 6MWT, indicating that prehabilitation can improve postoperative functional capacity.
Using choice query to persuade consumers with different construal of self: Purchase uncertainty as a mediator
Authors: Ku Hsuan‐Hsuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQueries about choices inviting recipients to reflect on purchase decisions are widely used in advertising. This study adopts purchase uncertainty as a foundation for evaluating how promotional messages designed as choice queries could predispose responses by individuals identifying as either an independent or interdependent self‐view. The results of three experiments show that independents are more readily persuaded by queries phrased in abstract rather than concrete terms, while the reverse occurs for interdependents; purchase uncertainty mediates the results. Furthermore, when physical risk is high, a choice query represented at a low level of construal stimulates greater purchase uncertainty and more favorable product evaluation, regardless of the type of self‐construal. Expanding knowledge of how query performs in promotional communication will aid in better message structuring for advertisements and meeting more goals for persuasion.
Blame it on the pump
Authors: Levins Kirk John , Khan Mohamed , Drago Thomas , Roman Elena , Suiter Cillian , Nasa Anurag , Roddy Darren William , Murphy Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough intrathecal pumps may lead to spinal symptoms that are likely related to the pump itself, the case presented herein underscores the importance of casting a broad differential diagnosis at the time of initial presentation.
Multifocal tuberculosis on certolizumab pegol in a patient followed for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hannech Emna , Boussaid Soumaya , Rekik Sonia , Jemmali Samia , Ajlani Houda , Cheour Elhem , Sahli Hela , Elleuch Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTuberculosis must be considered in front of deterioration in general condition in patient with rheumatic disease under biological therapy. Rheumatologists may pay attention and screen infections before and after prescribing biological therapy.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and viral illness in DiGeorge syndrome. Case report and literature review
Authors: Yousaf Zohaib , Ata Fateen , Iqbal Phool , Muthanna Bassam , Khan Adeel Ahmad , Akram Jaweria , Kartha Anand 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVitamin B12 plays a crucial role in cell maturation and differentiation. Its deficiency can lead to cytopenias and even hemolysis. We suggest regular monitoring and maintenance of Vit B12 levels in DiGeorge syndrome patients to prevent such triggers.
Percutaneous treatment of acute axillary artery occlusion after percutaneous coronary intervention: A case report
Authors: Umeno Akihiro , Tsuda Shigeyasu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe JR guide catheter is preferred for operability; however, we should pay more attention to the guide catheter in the case of radial artery approach with severe vessel tortuosity especially in patients with hypertension or in older female patients.
Chylopericardium associated with constrictive pericarditis assessed by multimodality imaging
Authors: Androulakis Emmanuel , Bratis Konstantinos , Chua TP , Chandrasekaran Venkatachalam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcute‐onset presentation with breathlessness and calcific pericardial thickening encapsulating the heart. Extremely chylous pericardium, which is by itself rare, in combination with constriction assessed with multiple imaging modalities.
Differentiation of Epoxide Enantiomers in the Confined Spaces of an Homochiral Cu(II) Metal‐Organic Framework by Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Cabezas‐Giménez Juanjo , Lillo Vanesa , Luis Núñez‐Rico José , Nieves Corella‐Ochoa M. , Jover Jesús , Galán‐Mascarós José Ramón , Vidal‐Ferran Anton 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTAMOF‐1, a homochiral metal‐organic framework (MOF) constructed from an amino acid derivative and Cu(II), was investigated as a heterogeneous catalyst in kinetic resolutions involving the ring opening of styrene oxide with a set of anilines. The branched products generated from the ring opening of styrene oxide with anilines and the unreacted epoxide were obtained with moderately high enantiomeric excesses. The linear product arising from the attack on the non‐benzylic position of styrene oxide underwent a second kinetic resolution by reacting with the epoxide, resulting in an amplification of its final enantiomeric excess and a concomitant formation of an array of isomeric aminodiols. Computational studies confirmed the experimental results, providing a deep understanding of the whole process involving the two successive kinetic resolutions. Furthermore, TAMOF‐1 activity was conserved after several catalytic cycles. The ring opening of a meso‐epoxide with aniline catalyzed by TAMOF‐1 was also studied and moderate enantioselectivities were obtained.
Access to Indole‐Fused Benzannulated Medium‐Sized Rings through a Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Azido‐Alkynes
Authors: Greiner Luca C. , Inuki Shinsuke , Arichi Norihito , Oishi Shinya , Suzuki Rikito , Iwai Tomohiro , Sawamura Masaya , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBecause benzannulated and indole‐fused medium‐sized rings are found in many bioactive compounds, combining these fragments might lead to unexplored areas of biologically relevant and uncovered chemical space. Herein is shown that α‐imino gold carbene chemistry can play an important role in solving the difficulty in the formation of medium‐sized rings. Namely, phenylene‐tethered azido‐alkynes undergo arylative cyclization through the formation of a gold carbene intermediate to afford benzannulated indole‐fused medium‐sized tetracycles. The reactions allow a range of different aryl substitution patterns and efficient access to these otherwise difficult‐to‐obtain medium‐sized rings. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of the semihollow‐shaped C‐dtbm ligand for the construction of a nine‐membered ring.