bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the deformation and strength properties of parts manufactured using additive technologies, depending on the connection method and operating conditions
Authors: Nefelov I S , Baurova N I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The manufacture of dimensional parts on 3D printers with a small working area for printing leads to the need to separate the model into parts, print them separately and join them after the end of printing. The paper considers various ways of joining plastic products obtained by 3D printing methods. Samples were made, parts of which were connected in the process of research in the three considered ways. The tests were carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 11262-2014 “Plastics. Tensile tests”. The evaluation of the deformation and strength characteristics of the joints at different temperatures (+ 20°C, −30°C, −50°C) was carried out. It has been established that negative temperatures do not have a negative effect on the deformation and strength characteristics of the joints of parts made of ABS plastic. The results of tensile tests are presented. The use of the technology proposed by the author for joining plastic parts at enterprises engaged in the manufacture and repair of dimensional products will allow expanding the range of products without significant changes in the material and technical base.
Energy efficiency of autonomous vehicles on hilly roads
Authors: Shadrin S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Energy efficiency is traditionally among the main development trends in the automobile industry. We suspected that intelligent speed control systems can provide economic and ecological benefits for implementing civil autonomous driving technologies. We introduced the approach for autonomous driving, which is based on the analysis of the precise Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and optimal vehicle control actions with respect to a requested transport task, which can be a task of fuel or energy economy in this particular case. We addressed the research question of fuel economy estimation with respect to the reference parameter that is applicable to compare different control algorithms. We demonstrated the use of roadway-related factors of DTM to affect fuel consumption. We contributed the algorithm for saving fuel while driving on a hilly road and examined the influence of vehicle load on possible economy values. We compared fuel and energy-saving values of gasoline and electric vehicles based on the same chassis with and without use of the proposed algorithm. Practical results of tests on public roads are presented.
Modern methods of the digital virtual analysis for design and tests of road vehicle restraint systems
Authors: Demiyanushko I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Widespread introduction of information technologies of virtual digital testing to reproduce vehicle impacts against vehicle restraint systems with simulation impact modeling road safety barriers, crash cushions, terminals, removable barrier sections, transitions and passive safety devices, is one of the main actions providing decline in mortality on roads as a result of the road accidents. On this basis the so-called “Virtual Digital Proving Ground” (Virtual Test House) for testing of road arrangement elements is developed. The researches, conducted for its development are based on use of modern world-class software products and numerical methods of mechanics. Digital modeling of crash-situations with arrival of vehicles on elements of road arrangement, allows to solve complex problems of the analysis of new designs now, to investigate behavior of vehicles at with arrival on the design. Implementation of intellectual systems of automated management of vehicles does not give the chance to hope for the exception of refusals, both the equipment, and control systems, that does the problem of development of the innovation passive safety systems extremely relevant. Research and development carried out MADI by the general research team together with LLC M&PQ allowed to take the major step in advance of works on increase in safety on roads, to create tools for design of new innovations, to develop reasonable standards in the field of the road systems of passive safety. In article prospects the development of these researches in scientific and practical directions and for the purpose of increase in competences of educational programs are considered.
Reduction and equalization of thermal loading of contact pairs of the friction unit
Authors: Polyakov P A , Litvinov A E , Polyakova E A , Fedotov E S , Golikov A A , Zadayanchuk A E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Controlling the processes of interaction of the working pairs of the friction unit is possible when solving the problem of determining the parameters of influence. As the main criterion of the process, it is necessary to highlight the temperature on the surface of the friction unit. This paper presents a method for modeling the magnitude and distribution of temperature over the surface of a metal friction element depending on the nanogeometry of the surface profile of contact pairs of friction units. The ability to control the process of interaction of contacting pairs of the friction unit will further predict the life of the part and avoid such phenomena as burns and the formation of foci of microcracks.
Synthesis of oil-soluble corrosion inhibitors from raw materials of plant origin
Authors: Gaidar S M , Karelina M Yu , Quang Hoang Duc , Akulov A A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of low-soluble corrosion inhibitors based on raw materials of plant origin is one of the most promising methods of metalwork processing to prevent corrosion. Carbon acids with carbon radicals are used for the synthesis of such inhibitors, which participate in the formation of hydrophobic part of the molecule. It is known that the hydrophilic part of the molecule causes solubility in water, and the hydrophobic part-in hydrocarbons. The study found that by changing the structure of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts it is possible to obtain a substance that will dissolve in water as well as in hydrocarbons. The obtained organic compounds can be used as corrosion inhibitors, antiwear and antiadhesive additives. Therefore, by synthesizing carboxylic acids with various radicals and using them for treating metal surfaces, we can obtain not only anti-corrosion properties of the metal, but also anti-wear and anti-adhesion properties, which makes it possible to use inhibitors not only for protection against corrosion, but also for extending the service life of loaded or rubbing metal surfaces.
Hardy–Littlewood and Ulyanov inequalities
Authors: Kolomoitsev Yurii , Tikhonov Sergey 
Published: July 2021

We give the full solution of the following problem: obtain sharp inequalities between the moduli of smoothness

ω
α

(
f
,
t

)
q

\omega _\alpha (f,t)_q

and

ω
β

(
f
,
t

)
p

\omega _\beta (f,t)_p

for

0
>
p
>
q
≤
∞

0>p>q\le \infty

. A similar problem for the generalized

K
K

-functionals and their realizations between the couples

(

L
p

,

W
p
ψ

)

(L_p, W_p^\psi )

and

(

L
q

,

W
q
φ

)

(L_q, W_q^\varphi )

is also solved.

The main tool is the new Hardy–Littlewood–Nikol’skii inequalities. More precisely, we obtained the asymptotic behavior of the quantity

sup

T
n

‖

D

(
ψ
)
(

T
n

)

‖
q

‖

D

(

φ

)
(

T
n

)

‖
p

,

0
>
p
>
q
≤
∞
,

\begin{equation*} \sup _{T_n} \frac {\Vert \mathcal {D}(\psi )(T_n)\Vert _q}{\Vert \mathcal {D}({\varphi })(T_n)\Vert _p},\qquad 0>p>q\le \infty , \end{equation*}

where the supremum is taken over all nontrivial trigonometric polynomials

T
n

T_n

of degree at most

n
n

and

D

(
ψ
)
,

D

(

φ

)

\mathcal {D}(\psi ), \mathcal {D}({\varphi })

are the Weyl-type differentiation operators.

We also prove the Ulyanov and Kolyada-type inequalities in the Hardy spaces. Finally, we apply the obtained estimates to derive new embedding theorems for the Lipschitz and Besov spaces.
Fingerprinting and Determination of Hepatotoxic Constituents in Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata of Different Producing Places by HPLC
Authors: Zhou Gui , Feng Yi-Ming , Li Zhi-Cheng , Tao Li-Yu , Kong Wei-Song , Xie Rui-Fang , Zhou Xin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) is used as Chinese herbal medicine with long history. However, reports about PMRP hepatotoxicity have increased recently, and producing area might be one reason. This article aims to figure out the relationship between producing area and hepatotoxic ingredients in PMRP. HPLC fingerprint for PMRP was established and the contents of gallic acid, trans-stilbene glycoside (TSG), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside (EG), emodin and physcion were determined. Clustering heatmap was implemented by TCMNPAS software，and principal component analysis was implemented by SPSS and SIMCA-P software. Hepatotoxic constituents’ contents of PMRP from separate producing area were different. PMRP from Guangxi had the highest content of gallic acid, TSG, EG, emodin and physcion, followed by Hubei, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan. PMRP from Henan had the lowest contents of hepatotoxic components. Hepatotoxic components’ contents of PMRP in southern were higher than central China. This study carried out a preliminary qualitative and quantitative investigation on the PMRP from different producing places, which provided a basis for safe medication of PMRP.
Fertilization modifies forest stand growth but not stand density: consequences for modelling stand dynamics in a changing climate
Authors: Pretzsch Hans , Biber Peter 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of the maximum forest stand density and the self-thinning process is important for understanding, modelling and scheduling thinnings in silviculture. The upper trajectories of stem number, N, vs mean diameter, dq or mean tree volume vs stem number are often used for quantifying maximum stand density. The long debate about how site conditions modify these relationships is presently revived due to global change. A crucial question is whether environmental conditions alter the trajectories themselves or just the velocity at which stands move along them.
Our contribution is based on fully stocked plots from long-term Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) fertilization experiments along an ecological gradient in South Germany. This allows us to compare the self-thinning trajectories of fertilized and unfertilized plots under different environmental conditions.
We can show that repeated fertilization with nitrogen did not change the N ~ dq trajectories. Assuming that fertilization affects forests in a similar way as an ongoing atmospheric N-deposition, this means that presently growth, mortality, and volume accumulation in forest stands proceed faster in time but still follow the same N ~ dq allometric trajectories. Furthermore, we found that the level of the self-thinning line generally increases with the annual precipitation. The allometric self-thinning exponent, however, did not respond to environmental conditions.
Finally, we quantitatively demonstrate and discuss the implications and consequences of the results regarding understanding and modelling forest stand dynamics, carbon sequestration and the development and adaptation of silvicultural guidelines in view of climate change.
Syndromic diagnostic testing: a new way to approach patient care in the treatment of infectious diseases
Authors: Dumkow Lisa E , Worden Lacy J , Rao Sonia N 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdvanced microbiology technologies such as multiplex molecular assays (i.e. syndromic diagnostic tests) are a novel approach to the rapid diagnosis of common infectious diseases. As the global burden of antimicrobial resistance continues to rise, the judicious use of antimicrobials is of utmost importance. Syndromic panels are now being recognized in some clinical practice guidelines as a ‘game-changer’ in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. These syndromic panels, if implemented thoughtfully and interpreted carefully, have the potential to improve patient outcomes through improved clinical decision making, optimized laboratory workflow, and enhanced antimicrobial stewardship. This paper reviews the potential benefits of and considerations regarding various infectious diseases syndromic panels, and highlights how to maximize impact through collaboration between clinical microbiology laboratory and antimicrobial stewardship programmes.
The Rise and Fall of Isotonitazene and Brorphine: Two Recent Stars in the Synthetic Opioid Firmament
Authors: Vandeputte Marthe M , Krotulski Alex J , Papsun Donna M , Logan Barry K , Stove Christophe P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Synthetic opioids constitute one of the fastest-growing groups of new psychoactive substances (NPS) worldwide. With fentanyl analogues being increasingly controlled via classwide scheduling, many non-fentanyl-related opioids are now emerging on the recreational opioid market, rendering the landscape highly complex and dynamic. While new compounds are entering the supply in rapid and unpredictable manners, some recent patterns have become apparent. Many of these newly emerging opioids are being pirated from early patent literature and/or research papers, synthesized and sold online through various channels. Burdened by the identification of every newly emerging drug, many toxicology labs struggle to keep up. Moreover, by the time a ‘new’ drug is controlled via legislative measures, illicit drug markets will have already adapted and diversified as manufacturers work to avoid the restricted product(s). Hence, the typical life cycle of an NPS opioid is generally short (less than 6 months to 1 year), with only a few drugs escalating to significant numbers of detections. In this review, we summarize the key events in the emergence, rise and subsequent decline of two non-fentanyl opioids—isotonitazene and brorphine. These two opioids sequentially dominated the NPS opioid market in 2019 and 2020. Both isotonitazene and brorphine remained in circulation for over a year, each contributing to hundreds of deaths and adverse events. By detailing the life cycles of these opioids from their earliest synthesis as described in scientific literature to their subsequent rise and fall on recreational markets, this review illustrates the new characteristic life cycle of synthetic opioids in the ‘post-fentanyl-analogue’ era.
Screening Breast MRI and the Science of Premenopausal Background Parenchymal Enhancement
Authors: Vong Stephen , Ronco Anthony J , Najafpour Elham , Aminololama-Shakeri Shadi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The significance of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on screening and diagnostic breast MRI continues to be elucidated. Background parenchymal enhancement was initially deemed probably benign and followed or thought of as an artifact degrading the accuracy of breast cancer detection on breast MRI examinations. Subsequent research has focused on understanding the role of BPE regarding screening breast MRI. Today, there is growing evidence that a myriad of factors affect BPE, which in turn may influence patient outcomes. Additionally, BPE could represent an important risk factor for the future development of breast cancer. This article aims to describe the most up-to-date research on BPE as it relates to screening breast MRI in premenopausal women.
Thyroid hyalinizing trabecular adenoma with a high thyroglobulin level: a case report
Authors: Katano Hirofumi , Hasegawa Hisashi , Matsuzaki Hiroumi , Oshima Takeshi , Tang Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thyroid hyalinizing trabecular adenoma (HTA) is a rare and borderline tumor of follicular origin. It is characterized by a trabecular growth pattern and marked intratrabecular hyalinization. Excessively elevated thyroglobulin levels have not been reported previously in cases without bilateral lung metastases. Here, we present a case of a 54-year-old woman with chronic thyroiditis with a 50-mm tumor in the left lobe of the thyroid gland, which was observed on ultrasonography. Her thyroglobulin level was found to be elevated at 684 ng/ml. Since fine needle aspiration cytology could not exclude possible malignancy, she underwent thyroid lobectomy; the final diagnosis was thyroid HTA. Two weeks after resection, her thyroglobulin level showed negative conversion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with a thyroid HTA exhibiting a thyroglobulin level as high as that for a patient with hyalinizing trabecular carcinoma.
Shaving Waivers in the United States Air Force and Their Impact on Promotions of Black/African-American Members
Authors: Ritchie Simon , Park Jisuk , Banta Jonathan , Bowen Casey , McCarthy Sean , Wong Emily , Garnier Romain , Beachkofsky Thomas 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Regulations of the United States Air Force (USAF) prohibit male members from growing beards. Shaving waivers can be issued to airmen who are not able to shave due to various medical conditions such as pseudofolliculitis barbae, a condition that predominantly affects Blacks/African-Americans. Beard growth has been anecdotally associated with a negative impact on career progression. This study sought to establish if shaving waivers are associated with delays in promotion and, if present, if this association leads to racial bias.

Materials and Methods
An online survey that collected information relating to shaving waivers and demographic data was emailed to all air force male members at 12 randomly selected air force bases. Generalized linear models were conducted to test the waiver group difference in promotion time controlling for rank and the covariates of race/ethnicity, level of education, professional military education completion, and disciplinary action.

Results
A total of 51,703 survey invitations were emailed to members, and 10,383 complete responses were received (20.08% response rate). The demographics of the study cohort closely matched that of the USAF. Shaving waivers were associated with a longer time to promotion (P = .0003). The interaction between race and waiver status was not significant, indicating that shaving waivers are associated with a similarly longer time to promotion in individuals of all races. However, 64.18% of those in the waiver group were Black/African-American despite only being 12.85% of the study cohort.

Conclusions
This study found an association between shaving waivers and delayed promotions. The majority of the waiver group was Black/African-American, which may lead to a racially discriminatory effect of the male grooming standards of the USAF.
Non-clinical repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity, reproductive toxicity and cytotoxicity studies of the polar fraction of Parkinsonia aculeata aerial parts extract
Authors: Menezes Tamires Meira , de Souza Franco Eryvelton , de Almeida Sousa Lima Larissa Caroline , de Souza Pereira Áurea Marcela , de Santos Lima Laísa Wanessa , Quixabeira Carla Mirele Tabósa , da Silva Janilson Felix , Cahu Thiago Barbosa , de Souza Bezerra Ranilson , Lira Eduardo Carvalho , Militão Gardênia Carmen Gadelha , de Sousa Maia Maria Bernadete 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate toxicity in repeated doses for 28 days, reproductive toxicity and cytotoxicity of a polar fraction obtained from the hydroethanolic extract of Parkinsonia aculeata (PfrHEPA) in experimental models. To perform the toxicity test in repeated doses for 28 days, male and female Wistar rats were treated via orogastric for 28 days with PfrHEPA (35, 70 or 140 mg/kg) according to the guidelines established by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) number 407 (1995). For assessment, the impact of PfrHEPA on the reproductive output various parameters were measured, including maternal weight, no. of pregnant females, female fertility index (%), gestation lengthtime, implantation sites, litter size and placental index of test animals. The cytotoxicity of PfrHEPA was performed on the tumor lines NCI-H292 (human lung carcinoma), HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) and HCT-116 (colorectal cancer). In the repeated dose toxicity test for 28 days, no mortality was observed in the male and female rats treated with PfrHEPA as well as morphological changes and biochemical and hematological parameters. In the reproductive toxicity test, no abnormalities were observed related to the toxicological parameters in both mothers and offspring. Regarding the cytotoxicity assay, the PfrHEPA fraction did not demonstrate significant cytotoxic effect on the cell lines analyzed. The present results suggest the use of PfrHEPA is safe and well tolerated in rats. Further studies are planned to identify and purify the active compounds for subsequent in vivo evaluation.
Surgical Teams’ Attitudes About Surgical Safety and the Surgical Safety Checklist at 10 Years
Authors: Urban Denisa , Burian Barbara K. , Patel Kripa , Turley Nathan W. , Elam Meagan , MacRobie Ali G. , Merry Alan F. , Kumar Manoj , Hannenberg Alexander , Haynes Alex B. , Brindle Mary E. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To assess health care professionals’ attitudes on the Surgical Safety Checklist (“the Checklist”) in resource-rich health systems and provide insights on strategies for optimizing Checklist use.

Background:
In use for over a decade, the Checklist is a safety instrument aimed at improving operating room communication, teamwork, and evidence-based safety practices.

Methods:
An online survey was sent to surgeons, nurses, and anesthesiologists in 5 high-income countries (Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand). Survey results were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:
A total of 2032 health care professionals completed the survey. Of these respondents, 47.6% were nurses, 70.5% were women, 65.1% were from the United States, and 50.0% had 20 years of experience or more in their role. Most respondents felt the Checklist positively impacted patient safety (70.9%), team communication (73.1%), and teamwork (58.9%). Only 50.3% of respondents were satisfied their team’s use of the Checklist, and only 47.5% reported team members stopping to fully participate in the process. More nurses lacked confidence regarding their role in the Checklist process than surgeons and anesthesiologists combined (8.9% vs 4.3%). Fewer surgeons and anesthesiologists than nurses felt they received adequate training on the Checklist’s use (57.8% vs 76.7%).

Conclusions:
While most respondents perceive the Checklist as enhancing patient safety, not all surgical team members are actively engaging with its use. To enhance buy-in and meaningful use of the Checklist, health systems should provide more training on the Checklist with respect to its purpose and strengthening teamwork.
Dual Suture Button Fixation With Buttress Plate for Ankle Syndesmotic Injury
Authors: Sprowls Gregory R. , Maxwell Garrett T. , Kriel Hilda H. , Probe Robert A. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
In this video, we present a unique approach to a purely ligamentous syndesmotic injury in a 16-year-old football player. Syndesmotic reduction was obtained using a large clamp and validated by matching fibular position to a fluoroscopic image of the contralateral ankle. Fixation was achieved using dual suture button devices in combination with a buttress plate. A small medial incision was used to protect the saphenous neurovascular bundle during button placement.
Knee Dislocation With Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Posterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Repair
Authors: Gajari Vamshi , Pritchett Charles , Obremskey William T. 
Published: July 2021

Summary:
This video depicts the materials and steps for the repair of a Schenck classification KD III multiligamentous injury in a patient who had bilateral injuries after his car pinned him to a cabinet in his garage. The video demonstrates acute allograft reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament and primary repair of the avulsions of posterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament in the patient.