bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Diglyme‐based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Na‐based Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Babu Binson , Enke Marcel , Prykhodska Sofiia , Lex‐Balducci Alexandra , Schubert Ulrich S. , Balducci Andrea 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work presents for the first time a new diglyme‐based gel polymer (DOBn‐GPE) suitable for Na‐based energy storage devices. The DOBn‐GPE, which contains a methacrylate‐based polymer, exhibited an excellent high ionic conductivity (2.3 mS cm−1 at 20 °C), broad electrochemical stability (>5.0 V), and high mechanical stability. DOBn‐GPE could be successfully used for the realization of Na‐ion capacitors, sodium‐metal batteries, and sodium‐ion batteries, displaying performance comparable with those of systems containing liquid electrolytes at room temperature and at 60 °C. The results of these investigation indicated that the development of diglyme‐based gel polymer electrolytes represents a promising strategy for the realization of advanced Na‐based energy storage devices.
Season of prescribed fire determines grassland restoration outcomes after fire exclusion and overgrazing
Authors: Novak Erin N. , Bertelsen Michelle , Davis Dick , Grobert Devin M. , Lyons Kelly G. , Martina Jason P. , McCaw W. Matt , O'Toole Matthew , Veldman Joseph W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFire exclusion and mismanaged grazing are globally important drivers of environmental change in mesic C4 grasslands and savannas. Although interest is growing in prescribed fire for grassland restoration, we have little long‐term experimental evidence of the influence of burn season on the recovery of herbaceous plant communities, encroachment by trees and shrubs, and invasion by exotic grasses. We conducted a prescribed fire experiment (seven burns between 2001 and 2019) in historically fire‐excluded and overgrazed grasslands of central Texas. Sites were assigned to one of four experimental treatments: summer burns (warm season, lightning season), fall burns (early cool season), winter burns (late cool season), or unburned (fire exclusion). To assess restoration outcomes of the experiment, in 2019, we identified old‐growth grasslands to serve as reference sites. Herbaceous‐layer plant communities in all experimental sites were compositionally and functionally distinct from old‐growth grasslands, with little recovery of perennial C4 grasses and long‐lived forbs. Unburned sites were characterized by several species of tree, shrub, and vine; summer sites were characterized by certain C3 grasses and forbs; and fall and winter sites were intermediate in composition to the unburned and summer sites. Despite compositional differences, all treatments had comparable plot‐level plant species richness (range 89–95 species/1000 m2). At the local‐scale, summer sites (23 species/m2) and old‐growth grasslands (20 species/m2) supported greater richness than unburned sites (15 species/m2), but did not differ significantly from fall or winter sites. Among fire treatments, summer and winter burns most consistently produced the vegetation structure of old‐growth grasslands (e.g., mean woody canopy cover of 9%). But whereas winter burns promoted the invasive grass Bothriochloa ischaemum by maintaining areas with low canopy cover, summer burns simultaneously limited woody encroachment and controlled B. ischaemum invasion. Our results support a growing body of literature that shows that prescribed fire alone, without the introduction of plant propagules, cannot necessarily restore old‐growth grassland community composition. Nonetheless, this long‐term experiment demonstrates that prescribed burns implemented in the summer can benefit restoration by preventing woody encroachment while also controlling an invasive grass. We suggest that fire season deserves greater attention in grassland restoration planning and ecological research.
Clinical significance of new‐onset atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kubo Toru , Baba Yuichi , Ochi Yuri , Hirota Takayoshi , Yamasaki Naohito , Kawai Kazuya , Yamamoto Katsuhito , Kondo Fumiaki , Bando Kanji , Yamada Eisuke , Furuno Takashi , Yabe Toshikazu , Doi Yoshinori L. , Kitaoka Hiroaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsThere is limited information about the clinical significance of atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly new‐onset AF, in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in a community‐based patient cohort. This study was carried out to clarify the prevalence and prognostic impact of AF in Japanese HCM patients.Methods and resultsIn 2004, we established a cardiomyopathy registration network in Kochi Prefecture as a prospective study, and finally, 293 patients with HCM were followed. In the patients' cohort, we recently reported the clinical outcomes including mortality and HCM‐related morbid events. HCM‐related adverse cardiovascular events were defined in the following: (i) sudden cardiac death (SCD)‐relevant events including SCD, spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia, and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge; (ii) heart failure (HF) events with the composite of HF death and hospitalization for HF; and (iii) embolic events included embolic stroke‐related death and admission for embolic events. In the present study, we focused on AF and conducted a detailed investigation. At registration, the mean age of the patients was 63 ± 14 years, and 86 patients (29%) had documented AF including paroxysmal AF. Patients with AF at registration were characterized by worse clinical profiles including more advanced age, more symptomatic, more advanced left ventricular, and left atrial remodelling at registration. During a mean follow‐up period of 6.1 ± 3.2 years, a total of 77 HCM‐related adverse events occurred, and the presence of AF at registration was associated with an increased risk of HCM‐related adverse events, particularly heart failure events. During the follow‐up period, an additional 31 patients (11%) had documentation of AF for the first time, defined as new‐onset AF, with an annual incidence of approximately 1.8%, and finally, a total of 117 patients (40%) showed AF. The presence of palpitation and enlarged left atrial diameter, particularly left atrial diameter ≥50 mm, at registration were significant predictors of new‐onset AF. Importantly, the incidence of overall HCM‐related adverse events was further higher in patients with new‐onset AF observed from AF onset than in patients with AF at registration.ConclusionsIn our HCM registry in an aged Japanese community, a significant proportion developed AF. The presence of AF, particularly new‐onset AF, was associated with increased incidence of HCM‐related events. AF may not be just a marker of disease stage but an important trigger of adverse events.
Thermally‐Induced Spin‐Crossover in Fe1‐xTx(pyrazine)[Fe(CN)5NO] with T=Co, Ni – Effects of Iron Atom Dilution
Authors: Avila Yosuan , Terrero Ricardo , Crespo Paula M. , Díaz‐Paneque Luis A. , González Marlene , Ávila Manuel , Reguera Edilso 
Published: September 2021

Abstract2D ferrous nitroprusside with the pyrazine molecule as a pillar between adjacent layers shows a thermally induced spin‐crossover behavior. This supposes that the energy gap between the high and low spin states is the order of kT in the temperature region where such a spin transition is observed. If a fraction of the iron atoms involved in that transition is progressively replaced by a second metal, to form a solid solution (alloy), the thermal effect could be modified due to the iron atom dilution, but such behavior also depends on the bonding properties of the ligands for the iron atom and of the NO and CN interaction in the interlayer region. This hypothesis was the idea that motivated the preparation of the titled systems of solid solutions and their study from magnetic and Mössbauer data recorded at different temperatures in the range of 5–300 K, complemented with XRD, Raman, and IR measurements. Co and Ni were considered to form the solid solutions under study because they form isostructural solids in the parent 3D coordination polymers. For both metals, the formed solids show a spin‐crossover effect for all the compositions range but from a certain degree of dilution for the iron atom, above 75 % substitution by the second metal, the thermal hysteresis almost disappears. This suggests that from that dilution degree, the spin transition involves structural changes at the local coordination environment for the iron atom but not for the entire solid framework. This hypothesis is properly supported by the recorded Raman and Mössbauer spectra. The presence of Co and Ni atoms in the solid solutions results in higher stability for the entropy‐driven high spin state. This is appreciated as lower values for T↓HS,1/2, and T↑LS,1/2 corresponding to the temperatures where the subscript 1/2 indicates the temperature where 50 % of the metal centers have changed their spin state.
Metal Coordinated Tri‐ and Tetraborane Analogues
Authors: Kar Sourav , Bairagi Subhash , Kar Ketaki , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Ghosh Sundargopal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of triborane and tetraborane analogues have been isolated and structurally characterized utilizing chalcogenatoborate ligands Li[BH3(EPh)] (E=S or Se). Thermolysis of [Cp*TaCl4] in the presence of Li[BH3(SPh)] afforded bimetallic tantallaheteroborane [(Cp*Ta)2(μ‐η3:η3‐B2H4S)(μ‐η2:η2‐SBH3)] (1) and hexasulfido trimetallic complex [(Cp*Ta)3(μ‐S)4(μ‐SPh)2] (2). Compound1is a fused ditantallaheteroborane, in which both di‐ and triborane analogues are stabilized by two tantalum atoms. In an attempt to synthesize the selenium analogues of1and2, room‐temperature reaction of [Cp*TaCl4] with Li[BH3(SePh)] was carried out, which afforded bimetallic tantallaheteroborane [(Cp*Ta)2{μ‐η3:η3‐B3H6(SePh)}{μ‐SePh}2] (3), monometallic tantallaheteroboranes [Cp*Ta(SePh)2{B4H8‐n(SePh)n}] (4: n=0,5: n=1), and trimetallic species [(Cp*Ta)3(μ‐Se)4{μ‐Se2(Se)}] (6). Compound3is the rarest example of triborane analogue {B3H6(SePh)} in the coordination sphere of two tantalum atoms. Whereas compounds4and5are examples of unsaturated metallaheteroboranes, in which the tetraborane analogues are stabilized in the coordination sphere of tantalum. One of the unique features of3and5is the presence of terminal B‐SePh. Compound6has similar Ta3Se6trisbutterfly core as that of2with additional bridging selenide unit. All the compounds have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
A Novel Flexible Electrochemical Ascorbic Acid Sensor Constructed by Ferrocene Methanol doped Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube Yarn
Authors: Wang Yue , Wu Jinping , Yang Tian , Wang Zhong , Hasebe Yasushi , Lv Tianhang , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn ascorbic acid (AA) electrochemical sensor was fabricated by ferrocene methanol (Fc−OH) modified multi‐walled carbon nanotube yarn (CNTY). The prepared sensor (Fc−OH/CNTY) exhibited outstanding flexibility, highly stretchability, excellent bendability and obviously electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of ascorbic acid. The morphology of Fc−OH/CNTY was evaluated by scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical behaviour of Fc−OH/CNTY sensor was studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry measurements. Moreover, the influence of Fc−OH concentration, applied potential and electrolyte solution pH were also investigated to obtain the best sensor performance. The prepared sensor exhibited a wide linear range from 3 μM to 3.0 mM toward AA, and a detection limit of 1.32 μM (S/N=3). It also possessed a good lifetime and a fast response speed (2.83 s). In addition, the Fc−OH/CNTY sensor remained 90 % and 60 % of its initial activity after 100 and 500 times bending, respectively, which indicated a potential application on flexible, implantable and/or wearable electrochemical sensors.
Are Fragrance Encapsulates Taken Up by Aquatic and Terrestrial Invertebrate Species?
Authors: Kuehr Sebastian , Windisch H. , Schlechtriem C. , Leon G. , Gasparini G. , Gimeno S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The uptake potential of fragrance encapsulates by aquatic or terrestrial organisms was investigated. Because of their size of &lt;5 mm and their polymeric nature, fragrance encapsulates fall under the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection definition of microplastics. After use, fragrance encapsulates enter the sewer system and reach the sewage treatment plant (STP), where &gt;90% of them are likely to be removed by sorption to the sludge. When the STP-generated sludge is used as fertilizer for agricultural soils, this may lead to potential exposure of terrestrial invertebrates to fragrance encapsulates, especially those feeding on particles of a similar size as the fragrance encapsulates. Two aquatic (Corbicula fluminea [water exposure] and Hyalella azteca [water and dietary exposure]) and one terrestrial invertebrate (Eisenia andrei [soil exposure]) species were exposed to 50 mg/L (or mg/kg) double fluorescence-labeled fragrance encapsulates (diameter 5–50 µm). The results showed that fragrance encapsulates are available to aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates but that species-specific differences regarding the ability to ingest fragrance encapsulates may exist. The benthic grazer H. azteca showed no ingestion of fragrance encapsulates, whereas the capsules were readily ingested and egested by the unselective freshwater filter feeder C. fluminea as well as the terrestrial decomposer E. andrei. No signs of bioaccumulation of fragrance encapsulates were indicated by microscopic assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:931–943. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
A Mechanically Flexible Superhydrophobic Rock Wool Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Chloroperene Rubber for Oil‐Spill Clean‐Up
Authors: Davardoostmanesh Maryam , Ahmadzadeh Hossein 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe leakage of industrial oil and organic wastewater discharge has caused serious damage to the natural environment and ecology. Therefore, implementation of a low‐cost and high‐performance adsorbent material is of great significant. This work reports the preparation of superhydrophobic rock wool (RW) for efficient clean‐up of oil and organic solvents. The modified RW is prepared by coating a commercial RW with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets under hydrothermal treatment. To improve the adhesion between the RGO nanosheets and RW, a film of chloroperene rubber is deposited on the RW surface followed by modification with RGO. The modified RW possesses superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity with a water contact angle of 152.4°, and it is used for separation of oil–water mixture. The modified RW exhibits excellent mechanical elasticity and durability when compared with commercial one, and the adsorbed oils are recycled by simple squeezing. Its oil adsorption capacities are maintained above 95%, after several compression cycles. Importantly, the modified RW exhibits excellent photothermal properties which are beneficial for the separation of high‐viscosity oils. Owing to low costs, versatility, and scalability in production, the modified RW can be regarded as a suitable choice for large‐scale oil/water separation.
Genetic risks, adolescent health, and schooling attainment
Authors: Amin Vikesh , Behrman Jere R. , Fletcher Jason M. , Flores Carlos A. , Flores‐Lagunes Alfonso , Kohler Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe provide new evidence on the effect of adolescent health behaviors/outcomes (obesity, depression, smoking, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) on schooling attainment using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We take two different approaches to deal with omitted variable bias and reverse causality. Our first approach attends to the issue of reverse causality by estimating the effect of health polygenic scores (PGSs) on schooling. Second, we estimate the effect of adolescent health using sibling fixed‐effects models that control for unmeasured genetic and family factors shared by siblings. We use the PGSs as additional controls in the sibling fixed‐effects models to reduce concerns about residual confounding from sibling‐specific genetic differences. We find consistent evidence across both approaches that being genetically predisposed to smoking and smoking regularly in adolescence reduces schooling attainment. Estimates for depression are more imprecise, but also suggest that a high genetic risk of depression and adolescent depression reduce schooling attainment. We find mixed evidence for ADHD. Our estimates suggest that having a high genetic risk for ADHD reduces grades of schooling, but we do not find any statistically significant negative effects of ADHD. Finally, we find no consistent evidence for a detrimental effect of obesity on schooling attainment.
Wilson’s Disease: An Analysis of Health Care Use and Cost Burden of Commercially Insured Adults in the United States
Authors: Rustgi Vinod K. , Gupta Kapil , Tait Christopher , Bhurwal Abhishek , Kabaria Savan , Catalano Carolyn , Li You , Minacapelli Carlos D. 
Published: September 2021

The economic and health care use burdens of Wilson’s disease (WD) are unknown. In this study, we aimed to quantify this health care resource use and economic burden. We performed a retrospective case‐control analysis of individuals in the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims database (2007‐2017). Using propensity scores, 424 WD cases were matched 1:1 to chronic liver disease (CLD) controls without WD. Total and service‐specific parameters, expressed in monthly averages, were quantified for the 6‐month pre‐WD diagnosis versus the 12‐month period after diagnosis. Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests and McNemar tests were used to examine incremental differences in burden between cases and controls. Adjusted multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to compare health care burdens. Relative to the 6‐month pre‐WD diagnosis, the 12 months after diagnosis had more claims per patient (2.87 vs. 3.35; P < 0.0001) and increased per patient health care costs (US $2,089 vs. US $3,887; P < 0.0001). WD cases incurred US $1,908 more in total unadjusted costs compared to controls in the 12‐month postindex date monthly averages. The increase in claims was primarily due to outpatient visits (1.62 vs. 1.82) and pharmaceutical claims (1.11 vs. 1.37). Cases also had higher health care costs for inpatient admissions (US $559 vs. US $1,264), outpatient visits (US $770 vs. US $1,037), and pharmaceutical claims (US $686 vs. US $1,489). Conclusion: WD is associated with significant health care cost and use burdens driven by increased inpatient admissions, outpatient visits, and pharmaceutical claims.
Predictors of Jaundice Resolution and Survival After Endoscopic Treatment of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Eaton John E. , Haseeb Abdul , Rupp Christian , Eusebi Leonardo H. , van Munster Kim , Voitl Robert , Thorburn Douglas , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , Enders Felicity T. , Petersen Bret T. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Baron Todd H. , Chandrasekhara Vinay , Gostout Christopher J. , Levy Michael J. , Martin John , Storm Andrew C. , Dierkhising Ross , Kamath Patrick S. , Gores Gregory J. , Topazian Mark 
Published: September 2021

The benefit of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) remains controversial. To identify predictors of jaundice resolution after ERCP and whether resolution is associated with improved patient outcomes, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 124 patients with jaundice and PSC. These patients underwent endoscopic biliary balloon dilation and/or stent placement at an American tertiary center, with validation in a separate cohort of 102 patients from European centers. Jaundice resolved after ERCP in 52% of patients. Median follow‐up was 4.8 years. Independent predictors of jaundice resolution included older age (P = 0.048; odds ratio [OR], 1.03 for every 1‐year increase), shorter duration of jaundice (P = 0.059; OR, 0.59 for every 1‐year increase), lower Mayo Risk Score (MRS) (P = 0.025; OR, 0.58 for every 1‐point increase), and extrahepatic location of the most advanced biliary stricture (P = 0.011; OR, 3.13). A logistic regression model predicted jaundice resolution with area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.5‐0.79) in the validation set. Independent predictors of death or transplant during follow‐up included higher MRS at the time of ERCP (P < 0.0001; hazard ratio [HR], 2.33 for every 1‐point increase), lower total serum bilirubin before ERCP (P = 0.031; HR, 0.91 for every 1 mg/dL increase), and persistence of jaundice after endoscopic therapy (P = 0.003; HR, 2.30). Conclusion: Resolution of jaundice after endoscopic treatment of biliary strictures is associated with longer transplant‐free survival of patients with PSC. The likelihood of resolution is affected by demographic, hepatic, and biliary variables and can be predicted using noninvasive data. These findings may refine the use of ERCP in patients with jaundice with PSC.
Primary treatment and recent survival trends in patients with primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of central nervous system, 1995–2016: A population‐based SEER analysis
Authors: Chen Cui , Sun Peng , Sun Xiao‐Qing , Chen Shao‐Yong , Hang Yang  , Wang Yu , Li Zhi‐Ming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate primary treatment and recent survival trends in patients with primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of central nervous system (CNS) from 1995 to 2016. Using the SEER data, patients diagnosed with non‐HIV‐associated primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)–diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) aged ⩾18 years between 1995 and 2016 were identified. The year of diagnosis was divided into the time period‐1 (1995–2002), the time period‐2 (2003–2012), and the time period‐3 (2013–2016). Chi‐square tests, the Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank test, and Cox regression model were used in the analysis. Overall, 3760 patients were included. Both the use of radiotherapy alone and the application of combined chemoradiotherapy decreased significantly, following the wider use of chemotherapy alone during 1995–2016. There was a significant improvement in PCNSL cause‐specific survival (CSS) (period‐1: 13 months vs. period‐2: 19 months vs. period‐3: 41 months, p < 0.001). Survival of patients aged above 70 years did not change from the time period‐1 to the time period‐2 (p = 0.101). However, there was an increase in CSS from the time period‐2 to the time period‐3 in the elderly patients (period‐2: 5 months vs. period‐3: 9 months, p < 0.001). On multivariable analyses, diagnosed in the time period‐3 was significantly and independently associated with better CSS (hazard ratio 0.577, 95% confidence interval 0.506–0.659, p < 0.001). Our analysis shows the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of PCNSL has waned over the study span. There was a significant improvement in CSS during 1995–2016, which reflected developments in treatment over time. The elderly patient population also gained a significant CSS benefit in the most recent period.
Role of neutrophils in acute viral infection
Authors: Ma Yuan , Zhang Yue , Zhu Liuluan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeutrophils play multiple roles in acute viral infections. They restrict viral replication and diffusion through phagocytosis, degranulation, respiratory burst, secretion of cytokines, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, as well as, activate the adaptive immune response. However, the overactivation of neutrophils may cause tissue damage and lead to poor outcomes. Additionally, some characteristics and functions of neutrophils, such as cell number, lifespan, and antiviral capability, can be influenced while eliminating viruses. This review provides a general description of the protective and pathological roles of neutrophils in acute viral infection.