bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of transcription factors controlling cell wall invertase gene expression for reproductive development via bioinformatic and transgenic analyses
Authors: Li Jun , Foster Ryan , Ma Si , Liao Sheng‐Jin , Bliss Samuel , Kartika Dewi , Wang Lu , Wu Limin , Eamens Andrew L. , Ruan Yong‐Ling 
Published: March 2021

SummaryCell wall invertase (CWIN) hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose in the extracellular matrix and plays crucial roles in assimilate partitioning and sugar signalling. However, the molecular regulators controlling CWIN gene transcription remain unknown. As the first step to address this issue, we performed bioinformatic and transgenic studies, which identified a cohort of transcription factors (TFs) modulating CWIN gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses identified 18 TFs as putative regulators of the expression of AtCWIN2 and AtCWIN4 that are predominantly expressed in Arabidopsis reproductive organs. Among them, MYB21, ARF6, ARF8, AP3 and CRC were subsequently shown to be the most likely regulators of CWIN gene expression based on molecular characterization of the respective mutant of each candidate TF. More specifically, the obtained data indicate that ARF6, ARF8 and MYB21 regulate CWIN2 expression in the anthers and CWIN4 in nectaries, anthers and petals, whereas AP3 and CRC were determined primarily to regulate the transcriptional activity of CWIN4. TF‐promoter interaction assays demonstrated that ARF6 and ARF8 directly control CWIN2 and CWIN4 transcription with AP3 activating CWIN4. The involvement of ARF8 in regulating CWIN4 expression was further supported by the finding that enhanced CWIN4 expression partially recovered the short silique phenotype displayed by the arf8‐3 mutant. The identification of the five TFs regulating CWIN expression serves as a launching pad for future studies to dissect the upstream molecular network underpinning the transcription of CWINs and provides a new avenue, potentially, to engineer assimilate allocation and reproductive development for improving seed yield.
The impact of health‐related quality of life and depressive symptoms on blood donor career—Results from the Danish blood donor study
Authors: Didriksen Maria , Thørner Lise W. , Larsen Margit A. H. , Sørensen Erik , Burgdorf Kristoffer , Mikkelsen Susan , Rostgaard Klaus , Banasik Karina , Pedersen Ole B. , Erikstrup Christian , Nielsen Kaspar R. , Bruun Mie T. , Hjalgrim Henrik , Ullum Henrik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBlood donors report better health‐related quality of life (HRQL) than non‐donors. Likewise, donors reporting good health are less likely to stop donating and have a higher donation frequency. This is evidence of the healthy donor effect (HDE). This study is the first to investigate the impact of HRQL and depressive symptoms on subsequent donor career.Study Design and MethodsProspective cohort study includes 102,065 participants from the Danish Blood Donor Study applying the 12‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐12) measuring a mental (MCS) and a physical component score (PCS) and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI). Poisson and Cox regression models were used to assess the effect of SF‐12 and MDI scores on donation frequency and donor cessation. Higher MCS/PCS scores indicate good HRQL, while higher MDI score indicates higher experience of depressive symptoms.ResultsFor both sexes, MCS was positively correlated with donation frequency for up to 5 years, and similarly for PCS among women. A negative correlation between MDI score and donation frequency in the year following assessment was observed only among men. No correlation was observed among women. An increase in both MCS and PCS was associated with a lower risk of donation cessation in both sexes, while an increase in MDI score was only associated with an increased risk of donation cessation in men.ConclusionMCS, PCS, and MDI score affect donor career. Thus, adjusting for donation frequency may reduce HDE‐bias in donor health research. However, because of the small effect sizes, other ways of quantifying HDE may be beneficial.
Prevalence and incidence of injuries among female cricket players: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Jacobs Jolandi , Olivier Benita , Dawood Muhammad , Panagodage Perera Nirmala Kanthi 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to describe the incidence and prevalence of injuries in female cricket players participating in recreational-, school-, club-, and elite-level cricket.

Introduction:
Recent investments in women's cricket, stand-alone tournaments, and increased visibility through new broadcasting milestones has increased participation in many countries. With increased participation of women in cricket comes increased risk of injury. Epidemiological data are needed to underpin evidence-based injury-prevention strategies. No systematic review or meta-analysis of injuries is currently available to provide a comprehensive overview of synthesized findings to make the evidence accessible.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies on female cricket players of all ages and participating in all levels of cricket will be included. Studies that contain data on only male cricket players will be excluded. Studies where data from female cricket players can be distinguished from male players will be included. Injuries sustained when playing cricket, that are self-reported or diagnosed by a health care professional will be included. Definitions of injury including, but not limited to, medical-attention injuries, general time-loss injuries, or player-reported injuries will be considered.

Methods:
MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), EBSCO MasterFILE Premier, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, Scopus, and ScienceDirect will be systematically searched from inception to the present. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClincalTrials.gov will be searched as well as gray literature databases. Retrieval of full-text studies, assessment of methodological quality, and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. If possible, meta-analyses will be performed.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020166052
Bearing Pressures and Cracks: Bearing Pressures Through a Slightly Waved Surface or Through a Nearly Flat Part of a Cylinder, and Related Problems of Cracks
Authors: Westergaard H. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The task is undertaken of determining the bearing pressures, and the stresses and deformations created by them, in some cases that differ from those considered by Hertz in his classical study of contact. Thus two solids are examined which, before loading, are in contact along a row of evenly spaced lines in a horizontal plane, as indicated in Fig. 1(a). Between these lines the surfaces have a separation defined by a nearly flat cosine wave. A uniform pressure on top of the upper solid creates contact over an area consisting of a row of strips, reduces the separation of the solids between the strips, as suggested in Fig. 1(b), and creates contact pressures distributed as indicated in Fig. 1(c), with vertical rises in the diagram of pressure at the edges of the strips. At a greater load the width of the strip becomes equal to the wave length, and the contact is complete. At still greater loads the stresses increase as if the two solids were one. The procedure by which this problem is solved is demonstrated first by showing its easy application to some well-known cases, especially Hertz’s problem of circular cylinders in contact.
Further applications are to a noncircular cylinder resting on a solid with a flat top, with an initial separation of the surfaces varying as the fourth power of the distance from the initial line of contact; to partial contact of two surfaces which are initially plane, except that one of them has a ridge or several parallel ridges; and to some related problems in which two parts of the same body are partially separated by the forming of one or more cracks.
A Theory of Flexure for Beams With Nonparallel Extreme Fibers
Authors: Osgood William R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A theory of flexure for beams with nonparallel extreme fibers is presented. The theory is shown to reduce to the ordinary theory of flexure as the angle between the extreme fibers approaches zero. Maximum fiber stresses computed by the theory and by the ordinary theory for a plate girder with nonparallel flanges show that for angles between the flanges up to twenty degrees the ordinary theory can never be in error more than about five per cent, but for larger angles the error in general increases rapidly with the angle. Finally an example is given of the application of the theory as an approximation to a beam with curved extreme fibers. In this case the theory was confirmed by the results of tests.
Some Applications of Photoelasticity in Turbine-Generator Design
Authors: Hetényi M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with three particular problems in turbine-generator design, namely (a) stress concentrations in transverse grooves of two-pole generator rotors, (b) centrifugal stresses in rotors, and (c) stress concentrations in T-heads (bolts and blade fastenings). The connection between these problems is only their mutual sphere of application and the fact that in each case the solution has been obtained by photoelasticity. The problems have been investigated as two-dimensional ones, the first and third being analyzed by the standard photoelastic technique, while in the second problem the fundamentally three-dimensional method of “freezing” the stresses in bakelite samples was applied.
Rubber Springs—Shear Loading
Authors: Downie Smith J. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The designer in industry should be in a position to predetermine by calculation the size and hardness of, and the deflection to be expected from, a rubber spring which is to serve a special purpose. Unfortunately the literature contains little which would be of help; and it is the author’s intention in this paper to supply such information for rubber springs loaded in shear. Most of the designs ordinarily encountered in practice have been considered.
The agreement of theory and experiment is shown in all cases where data are available.
A chart is given which enables anyone to determine immediately the shear angle expected from a plane shear mounting of any size and rubber hardness within the limits ordinarily used for springs.
A Convenient Electrical Micrometer and Its Use in Mechanical Measurements
Authors: Gunn Ross 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A simple electrical micrometer of great mechanical and electrical stability has been developed. The electrical-current output from the micrometer is accurately proportional to the impressed mechanical displacement. The least count of typical micrometers using portable micro-ammeters as indicators and employing no amplification is 5/1,000,000 in. Zero drift, hysteresis, temperature, and pressure variations have been reduced to less than 1 per cent. Special circuits are described which permit the indication of the sums, differences, ratios, or products of mechanical displacements and hence are useful in many mechanical measurements. The micrometer is also convenient for zero and low-frequency vibration studies.
A Photoelastic Study of Stresses in Rotating Disks
Authors: Newton R. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The recent experiments of Hetényi and others in developing a technique for “freezing” stresses in bakelite and other photoelastic plastics have broadened tremendously the scope of the photoelastic method of stress analysis. In addition to making possible the solution of three-dimensional problems, the new technique offers itself as a powerful tool in solving problems in which it is inconvenient to study the fringe pattern while the model is actually under load. Problems of centrifugal stresses in constant-speed rotors fall in this class and are readily handled by the stress-freezing method. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the application of the technique to the determination of the stresses in rotating disks of uniform thickness having symmetrically placed noncentral holes, as shown in Fig. 1 (1, 2).
Improvement of Displacement Efficiency in Heavy Oil Reservoirs With Enzyme
Authors: Shi Yu , Ding Yanan , Feng Qianghan , Yang Daoyong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, a systematical technique has been developed to experimentally and numerically evaluate the displacement efficiency in heavy oil reservoirs with enzyme under different conditions. First, dynamic interfacial tensions (IFTs) between enzyme solution and heavy oil are measured with a pendant-drop tensiometer, while effects of pressure, temperature, enzyme concentration, and contact time of enzyme and heavy oil on equilibrium IFT were systematically examined and analyzed. After waterflooding, enzyme flooding was carried out in sandpacks to evaluate its potential to enhance heavy oil recovery at high water-cut stage. Numerical simulation was then performed to identify the underlying mechanisms accounting for the enzyme flooding performance. Subsequently, a total of 18 scenarios were designed to simulate and examine effects of the injection modes and temperature on oil recovery. Except for pressure, temperature, enzyme concentration, and contact time are found to impose a great impact on the equilibrium IFTs, i.e., a high temperature, a high enzyme concentration, and a long contact time reduce the equilibrium IFTs. All three enzyme flooding tests with different enzyme concentrations show the superior recovery performance in comparison to that of pure waterflooding. In addition to the IFT reduction, modification of relative permeability curves is found to be the main reason responsible for further mobilizing the residual heavy oil. A large slug size of enzyme solution usually leads to a high recovery factor, although its incremental oil production is gradually decreased. In addition, temperature is found to have a great effect on the recovery factor of enzyme flooding likely owing to reduction of both oil viscosity and IFT.
An Improved Method for Extracting Photovoltaic Module I–V Characteristic Curve Using Hybrid Learning Machine System
Authors: Khatib Tamer , Direya Rezeq , Said Asmaa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper provides an improved method for predicting the I–V curve of the photovoltaic module using a hybrid machine learning system. The proposed method is based on a random forest algorithm and a cascade forward neural network. A random forest algorithm is used to predict a specific factor that is subsequently used as an input for the cascade neural network to remove the correlation between voltage and current. Then, the actual current is predicted using the cascade neural network. This procedure assures the ability of the proposed model to extract the I–V curve of any photovoltaic module regardless of its rating or type. A dataset that contains values for air temperature, solar radiation, voltage, and current of two polycrystalline photovoltaic modules is used in the training process of the proposed algorithm. The hybrid model has general inputs such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, and data from the photovoltaic module datasheet (Voc and Isc). The proposed model is trained, tested, and validated by 86% of the data. Meanwhile, 14% of the data are used for testing. Thus, the proposed model is tested using unknown data so as to avoid overfitting. Results show that the proposed model is very accurate in predicting I–V curves based on three types of errors which are mean absolute percentage error (0.68%), mean bias error (0.0191 A), and root-mean-squared error (0.04458 A). This hybrid model can be used to obtain the I–V curves for several types of photovoltaic modules.
Pulsed Impingement Turbine Cooling and Its Effect on the Efficiency of Gas Turbines With Pressure Gain Combustion
Authors: Neumann Nicolai , Berthold Arne , Haucke Frank , Peitsch Dieter , Stathopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Performance improvements of conventional gas turbines are becoming increasingly difficult and costly to achieve. Pressure gain combustion (PGC) has emerged as a promising technology in this respect, due to the higher thermal efficiency of the respective ideal gas turbine cycle. Previous cycle analyses considering turbine cooling methods have shown that the application of pressure gain combustion may require more turbine cooling air. This has a direct impact on the cycle efficiency and reduces the possible efficiency gain that can potentially be harvested from the new combustion technology. Novel cooling techniques could unlock an existing potential for a further increase in efficiency. Such a novel turbine cooling approach is the application of pulsed impingement jets inside the turbine blades. In the first part of this paper, results of pulsed impingement cooling experiments on a curved plate are presented. The potential of this novel cooling approach to increase the convective heat transfer in the inner side of turbine blades is quantified. The second part of this paper presents a gas turbine cycle analysis where the improved cooling approach is incorporated in the cooling air calculation. The effect of pulsed impingement cooling on the overall cycle efficiency is shown for both Joule and PGC cycles. In contrast to the authors’ anticipation, the results suggest that for relevant thermodynamic cycles pulsed impingement cooling increases the thermal efficiency of Joule cycles more significantly than it does in the case of PGC cycles. Thermal efficiency improvements of 1.0 p.p. for pure convective cooling and 0.5 p.p. for combined convective and film with TBC are observed for Joule cycles. But just up to 0.5 p.p. for pure convective cooling and 0.3 p.p. for combined convective and film cooling with TBC are recorded for PGC cycles.
Effect of Mongolian warm acupuncture on the gene expression profile of rats with insomnia
Authors: A Gula , Li Xian , Su Budao , Lian Hua , Bao Manjie , Liang Yabin , Chen Yingsong , Jia Yongfeng , Bao Lidao , Su Xiulan 
Published: March 2021

Background: The mechanism of Mongolian warm acupuncture (MWA) for the treatment of insomnia has not been previously reported. Objective: To investigate the effect of MWA on gene expression profile in the p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced rat model of insomnia. Methods A rat model of insomnia was established and the animals were divided into five groups: control, PCPA (untreated), PCPA+estazolam, PCPA+MA (manual acupuncture), and PCPA+MWA. The rats were euthanased at 7 days after treatment, and hypothalamic tissue was harvested to extract total RNA for the analysis of gene expression profile. Micro-array and Partek Genomics Suite analysis system were used to analyse differential expression of genes between groups. Furthermore, ingenuity pathways analysis was used to analyse the main regulators. Results: After treatment, in rats with improved sleep, micro-array data from the follow-up phase compared with baseline showed that MWA down-regulated 11 genes compared with the control group and 16 genes compared with the PCPA group. Six genes were selected following the micro-array detection to perform quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) verification, and the results showed that the coincidence rate was up to 90%, which verified the reliability of the microarray results. Compared with the PCPA group, transcription levels of Egr 1, Btg2 and BDNF in the PCPA+MWA group were up-regulated (P<0.05). Conclusion: In combination, the findings of this study suggests that MWA is efficacious at improving sleep in an experimental rat model of insomnia.
Effects of electroacupuncture on functional indices and pS6 expression following acute sciatic nerve crush injury in rats
Authors: Zeng Linghuan , Cen Ying , Chen Junjie , Lei Lei , Zhang Lei , Qin Xiaohui , Gao Xinchang , Wang Ya , Zeng Chuanxiu 
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on recovery from acute sciatic nerve crush injury and the expression of pS6 in rats. Methods: A total of 108 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA and EA+rapamycin (EA+Rapa) groups. 28 rats were allocated to undergo measurement of sciatic functional index (SFI); one rat in the EA+Rapa group was unsuccessfully modelled and excluded because of an anaesthetic problem. The remaining 80 rats were allocated to undergo Western blot detection of S6 ribosomal protein (pS6, ser240/244). The model was created by mechanical clamping of the sciatic nerve stem. EA stimulation at GB30 and ST36 for 15 min separately was applied once daily for rats in the EA and EA+Rapa groups. For rats in the EA+Rapa group, rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) pathway inhibitor, was injected intramuscularly (1 mg/kg/day) near the site of crush injury in the sciatic nerve and an equivalent amount of dimethyl sulfoxide was injected in the other three groups every other day. After treatment for 7, 14, 28 and 42 days post-operation, the SFI of 27 rats was obtained to evaluate recovery of motor function and five rats from each group per stage were used for Western blot detection of pS6. Results: The SFI values showed that EA could significantly promote recovery of the injured sciatic nerve but rapamycin hindered the therapeutic effect of EA. Moreover, immunoblotting indicated that EA improved the expression of pS6 in the area of the sciatic nerve crush injury and local injection of rapamycin near the injured sciatic nerve decreased its expression. The pS6 level correlated with the extent of recovery of the injury. Conclusions: This study indicated that EA may activate the mTOR signalling pathway to enhance expression of pS6 and facilitate recovery following sciatic nerve crush injury.
Acupuncture combined with swallowing training for poststroke dysphagia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Li Ling Xin , Deng Kai 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the combination of acupuncture with swallowing training for poststroke dysphagia. Method: Nine electronic databases (including PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched from their inception through June 2016. Seventeen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Data on 1479 eligible patients were extracted, and the relative risk (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI for the effective rate (ER), swallowing function assessment (SFA), individual activity (IA), eg., modified Barthel Index (MBI) and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated. Results: The pooled ER (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.34, P<0.001, 14 studies) and SFA (SMD 1.06, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.32, P<0.001, five studies) suggested that combination therapy yielded a significantly higher ER and improved the SFA scores to a greater degree than swallowing training alone in patients with poststroke dysphagia. The pooled QOL score (SMD 1.06; 95% CI −0.04 to 2.17, P=0.06, two studies) did not differ between groups. The MBI data (SMD 1.47, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.87, P<0.001, one study) showed significant improvement in IA. Some evidence of publication bias was observed for the ER, although the trim-and-fill analysis and fail-safe number indicated no influence of publication bias on its pooled effect size. There was no evidence of publication bias of any other outcome measures. Conclusion: This study showed that acupuncture combined with swallowing training may improve the ER, swallowing function and activities of daily life of patients with poststroke dysphagia compared with conventional swallowing training alone.