bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tweeter-in-Chief Donald J. Trump: How Social Media Can Be the Downfall of Your Brand
Authors: Hill Ron , Mazvancheryl Sanal , Wright Ben 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Trump’s frustration with mainstream “fake news” media led him to focus his communications on social media and Twitter in particular. An analysis of his tweets shows that they can be interpreted as major stages of the classic “hero’s journey.” At the end of his presidency, Trump refused to return and failed to become a master of the political and his earlier business world. The effect on the Trump brand was devastating. At its height, attaching the Trump brand to a property would add up to 20% over the price of similar properties. By 2018, in contrast, Trump-branded properties and products were selling at up to a 20% discount relative to the market and lost even more ground after the second impeachment trial. A turn for the Trump brand seems unlikely. If it does resurrect itself, it will be buoyed by a very different target market of typical Trump voters.
The Tolerant Society and its Enemies: Moral Relativism, Multiculturalism, and Islamism
Authors: Murray T. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, T. M. Murray defends a vision of liberal tolerance as grounding the common good. She critiques the discourse that Western liberalism amounts to ‘Islamophobia’ or ‘cultural imperialism’. She argues that liberal academics, in maintaining these narratives, contradict their own vaunted values and tacitly collude with religious hypocrisy and intolerance. She argues for a universal vision of the common good broadly grounded in human flourishing and human nature and linked to the philosophies of Aristotle and J. S. Mill.
Endoscopic resection of supergiant pituitary adenoma
Authors: Penner Federica , Di Perna Giuseppe , Baldassarre Bianca Maria , Garbossa Diego , Zenga Francesco 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Giant pituitary adenomas are a rare finding and the literature is inconclusive regarding the most appropriate approach. In supergiant adenomas, where the size of the tumor is exceptional, both a combine approach versus a solely transcranial or endoscopic approach have been reported.[2,3,5]

Case Description:
In this video, an entirely endoscopic resection of a supergiant pituitary adenoma is demonstrated. The exceptional size (4.5 × 5.8 × 5.4 cm) of the tumor and the peculiarity of the anatomical relations are documented in the video. The anterior cerebral arteries, both the A1 and A2 tracts, as well as the anterior communicating arteries are shown to be posteriorly dislocated and encased by the tumor which is pealed from the arteries themselves. Furthermore, the optic nerves are decompressed and cleaned from any residual tumor. The procedure is highly technically challenging since the furthermost part of the adenoma is also the one attached to the great intracranial arteries. A 45 optic and angle instruments were used for the major part of the surgery. Considering the high risk of postoperative CSF leak, a multilayer closure with nasoseptal flap was chosen. The postoperative MRI showed a gross total resection of the lesion in the absence of any complications and no new neurological nor endocrinological deficit appeared.

Conclusion:
Expanded endoscopic endonasal approach could represent a valuable way to face giant adenoma, providing a direct corridor toward the lesion and safe control of both the chiasmatic vasculature and the anterior communicating artery complex. Multilayer reconstruction is mandatory to avoid postoperative CSF leak.[1,4]
Acute communicating hydrocephalus after intracranial arachnoid cyst decompression: A report of two cases
Authors: Benton Joshua A. , Dominguez Jose , Ng Christina , Li Boyi , Gandhi Chirag D. , Santarelli Justin G. , Houten John K. , Kinon Merritt D. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Arachnoid cysts (AC) may cause hydrocephalus and neurological symptoms, necessitating surgical intervention. Cyst drainage may result in postoperative complications, however, these interventions are not normally associated with the subsequent development of acute hydrocephalus. Herein, we present two unique cases of AC drainage with postoperative development of acute communicating hydrocephalus.

Case Description:
Case 1. A 75-year-old female presented with progressive headaches, cognitive decline, and questionable seizures. Her neurological examination was non-focal, but a head computed tomography scan (CT) identified a large right frontal AC with mass effect. She subsequently underwent craniotomy and decompression of the cyst. Postoperatively, her neurological examination deteriorated, and a head CT demonstrated new communicating hydrocephalus. The opening pressure was elevated upon placement of an external ventricular drain. Her hydrocephalus improved on follow-up imaging, but her neurological examination failed to improve, and she ultimately expired. Case 2. A 61-year-old female presented with headache and seizures attributed to a left parietal AC. She underwent open craniotomy for fenestration of the cyst into the Sylvian fissure. Postoperatively, her neurologic examination deteriorated, and she developed acute communicating hydrocephalus. She was initially managed with external ventricular drainage (EVD). The hydrocephalus resolved after several days, and the EVD was subsequently removed. Late follow-up imaging at 2 years showed that the regression of the AC was maintained.

Conclusion:
Acute development of hydrocephalus is a potential complication of intracranial AC fenestration. A better understanding of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics may better inform as to the underlying cause of this complication.
Exoscopic carotid endarterectomy using movable 4K 3D monitor: Technical note
Authors: Toyota Shingo , Murakami Tomoaki , Shimizu Takeshi , Nakagawa Kanji , Taki Takuyu 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) using conventional surgical microscope has been already established as golden standard. Recently, exoscope was introduced into the field of neurosurgery, and various merits of it have been reported. We report the experiences of exoscopic CEA using a movable 4K 3D monitor and discuss the feasibility of it.

Methods:
We report a consecutive series of 15 cases of exoscopic CEA for internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis using a movable 4K 3D monitor between January 2020 and April 2021. We utilized ORBEYE as an exoscope system and a 31-inch movable 4K 3D monitor, which was installed in the Maquet Moduevo ceiling supply unit.

Results:
In all 15 cases, the procedures were accomplished only using the ORBEYE. There were no operative complications due to the use of the exoscope. In response to the operative site, the 4K 3D monitor was moved to face the operator. Even when the angle of the visual axis of the exoscope against the horizontal plane was small during the surgical manipulation in the distal portion of ICA, the operator was able to maintain a comfortable posture.

Conclusion:
Using the movable 4K 3D monitor, exoscopic CEA can be performed ergonomically. The operator can manipulate the distal portion of the ICA or proximal portion of the common carotid artery in a comfortable posture and face the monitor by adjusting its position.
Determination of the Type and Origin of Stone Tesseras Used in Antiochian Mosaics, Museum Hotel Example
Authors: KAVŞUT Fatima , AYDIN Mahmut 
Published: October 2021

(Museum Hotel) mosaics in Hatay province. Archaeometric analysis was performed on 60 tessera samples belonging to 6 different mosaics. In the scope of the study, color analysis, P-XRF and petrographic thin section optical microscopy analysis were performed on tessera samples. As a result of the analyzes, the color components of the tesserae were documented. According to the results of P-XRF analysis; main, artifact, transition and presence of rare earth elements were determined. At the same time, because the majority of tessera is composed of limestone, it is determined that there are high Ca elements in their structures and these results support the results obtained by petrography analysis.
According to petrography analysis; the majority of the tessera are limestone, siltstone, clay stone and radiolarite rock species and just one rock type is not determined. It is concluded that these rock types are found in Antakya and surrounding of the region. When the tissue characteristics of tesserae samples were evaluated, it was seen that the tesserae belonging to the limestone species had micritic and sparitic texture and the other rock types had crystalline and clastic texture. When the hardness levels of tesserae samples were examined, it was found that the hardest tesserae was tesserae of the radiolith rock type (4,5- 5 mohs) and the others were generally (2- 3 mohs).
CONSTRUCTION OF EXPLICIT RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS FOR MODELING OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS WITH DELAY
Authors: Nataliya Bondarenko  , Vasiliy Pechuk  
Published: October 2021

A system of differential equations with delay is considered, which is a mathematical model of many technical processes with a time delay. Numerical Runge-Kutta methods and the method of expansion onTaylorseries on time delay are most often used to model such systems.When the value of the delay is greater than the step of numerical integration, the numerical solution of these systems is not difficult. For this, interpolation of the prehistory of the model and numerical methods for conventional systems of differential equations are used. For example, explicit Runge-Kutta methods. Using the method of steps, a numerical solution is obtained for the required period of time. But, if the time interval is large enough in comparison with the delay, then the number of steps turns out to be large, which slows down the process of numerical integration and leads to the accumulation of errors.For small delays,Taylortime delay expansions are used and the further solution of the usual system of differential equations by a numerical method, for example, by the Runge-Kutta method. This approach has limitations on the amount of delay and is not applicable for many models.Thus, it is often necessary to apply a step of numerical integration that is larger than the delay value and continuous implicit Runge-Kutta methods, which leads to a complication of the numerical algorithm, since at each step of numerical integration it is necessary to solve systems of nonlinear equations.In this paper, based on the construction of Newton's and Taylor's polynomials, an algorithm has been developed that allows using explicit Runge-Kutta methods to solve systems with delay and the step size of numerical integration is more than the delay value. For systems with delay, an explicit Runge-Kutta method of the fifth order of approximation is constructed on the basis of the most frequently used explicit Runge-Kutta methods of the fifth order of approximation. These methods are convenient in programming, have a higher speed of calculation than implicit methods, and are applicable for steps of numerical integration that are large in comparison with the lag.
Aktifitas Membaca untuk Menelusuri Pesan Moral dalam Cerita Pendek Anak
Authors: Maharini May Triranto , Sitepu Setiana Sri Wahyuni 
Published: October 2021

Pengabdian kemasyarakatan ini mengangkat tema “Meningkatkan pesan moral dalam cerita pendek anak melalui aktifitas membaca”. Kegiatn ini diadakan di RW 16 Kelurahan Benda Baru, Pamulang 2. Di setiap minggunya, anak-anak di RW 16 ini mengikuti kegiatan informal untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam berbahasa Inggris. Kegiatan ini dikoordinir oleh pengurus RW setempat. Hal ini untuk mendukung mereka agar lebih dapat mengembangkan kemampuan mereka yang mungkin tidak mereka dapat di sekolah mereka. Tiga media utama yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kemasyarakatan kali ini adalah teks bacaan cerita anak berbahasa Inggris, buku aktifitas peserta, video panduan dari para pembimbing. Teks bacaan anak berbahasa Inggris adalah media utama yang digunakan peserta untuk memahami pesan moral melalui kesusastraan dalam kontek kehidupan anak-anak. Kemudian buku aktifitas membaca dibuat oleh pembimbing dari Tim PkM yang merupakan teks bacaan cerita anak berbahasa Inggris berikut dengan instruksi-instruksi aktifitas membaca. Lalu video yang dibuat oleh para pembimbing yang merupakan mahasiswa Universitas Pamulang. Video ini diperuntukkan agar memudahkan para peserta mengerti dan memahami instruksi instruksi dalam buku aktifitas membaca yang diberikan pembimbing kepada peserta. Dari semua hal tersebut maka hasil yang didapat oleh Tim PkM adalah peningkatan pemahaman peserta mengenai pesan moral yang terkandung di dalam cerita berikut kosakatanya.
Aberrant Functional Connectivity of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Type 2 Diabetes Without Cognitive Impairment and Microvascular Complications
Authors: Cheng Panpan , Song Shuyan , Li Yumin , Zhang Yao , Yi Jun , Xu Xiangyang , Zhou Hongmei , Zuo Zhentao 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the alterations of brain functional connectivity (FC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without clinical evidence of cognitive impairment and microvascular complications (woCIMC-T2DM) using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and to determine whether its value was correlated with clinical indicators.MethodsA total of 27 T2DM and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively examined. Cognitive impairment was excluded using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scales, and microvascular complications were excluded by fundus photography, microalbuminuria, and other indicators. The correlation maps, derived from rs-fMRI with posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) as the seed, were compared between T2DM patients and HCs. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the FC of PCC and the clinical indicators.ResultsCompared with HC, woCIMC-T2DM patients showed significantly decreased FCs with PCC (PCC-FCs) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right superior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, and right angular gyrus. Meanwhile, increased PCC-FCs was observed in the right superior temporal gyrus and calcarine fissure (CAL). The FC of PCC-ACC was negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and diabetes duration, and the FC of PCC-CAL was significantly positively correlated with HbA1c and diabetes duration.ConclusionThe FC, especially of the PCC with cognitive and visual brain regions, was altered before clinically measurable cognitive impairment and microvascular complications occurred in T2DM patients. In addition, the FC of the PCC with cognitive and visual brain regions was correlated with HbA1c and diabetes duration. This indicates that clinicians should pay attention not only to blood glucose control but also to brain function changes before the occurrence of adverse complications, which is of great significance for the prevention of cognitive dysfunction and visual impairment.
Heat Stress Increases Movement Jerk During Physical Exertion
Authors: Hostler David , Schwob Jacqueline , Schlader Zachary J. , Cavuoto Lora 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Movement efficiency can be quantified during physical tasks by measuring the rate of change of acceleration (jerk). Jerk captures the smoothness of a motion and has been used to quantify movement for upper extremity and torso-based tasks. We collected triaxial accelerometer data during four physical tasks commonly performed in the work place to determine if jerk increases with physiologic strain.Methods: Participants completed a circuit of activities that mimicked the demands of manual labor in hot (40°C) and temperate (18°C) conditions. The circuit included walking on a treadmill carrying a load on the shoulder, lifting objects from the floor to the table, using a dead blow to strike the end of a heavy steel beam, and a kneeling rope pull. After the 9 min circuit, the participant had a standing rest for 1 min before repeating the circuit 3 additional times. Participants were instrumented with four 3-axis accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3X) secured to the torso, wrist, and upper arm.Results: There were 20 trials in the hot condition and 12 trials in the temperate condition. Heart rate and core body temperature increased during both protocols (p &lt; 0.001). Measures of jerk varied by accelerometer location and activity. During treadmill walking, the wrist, torso, arm accelerometers measured higher jerk during the fourth circuit in the hot condition. During the lifting task, mean jerk increased in the hot condition in all accelerometers. Max jerk increased in the temperate condition in the arm accelerometer and jerk cost increased in the hot condition in the torso and arm accelerometers.Conclusions: Forty minutes of paced work performed in the heat resulted in increased acceleration and jerk in accelerometers placed on the torso, arm, and wrist. The accelerometers most consistently reporting these changes were task specific and suggest that a limited number of worn sensors could identify the onset of fatigue and increased injury risk.
Hematological Parameters, Lipid Profile, and Cardiovascular Risk Analysis Among Genotype-Controlled Indigenous Kiwcha Men and Women Living at Low and High Altitudes
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Portilla David , Mosquera-Moscoso Johanna , Simbaña-Rivera Katherine , Duta Diego , Ochoa Israel , Burgos German , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S. , Vásconez Eduardo , Calvopiña Manuel , Viscor Ginés 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Human adaptation to high altitude is due to characteristic adjustments at every physiological level. Differences in lipid profile and cardiovascular risk factors in altitude dwellers have been previously explored. Nevertheless, there are no reports available on genotype-controlled matches among different altitude-adapted indigenous populations.Objective: To explore the possible differences in plasma lipid profile and cardiovascular risk among autochthonous Kiwcha people inhabitants of low and high-altitude locations.Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis of plasmatic lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk factors in lowland Kiwchas from Limoncocha (230 m) and high-altitude Kiwchas from Oyacachi (3,800 m).Results: In the low altitude group, 66% were women (n = 78) and 34% (n = 40) were men, whereas in the high altitude group, 59% (n = 56) were women and 41% (n = 41%) were men. We found the proportion of overweight and obese individuals to be higher among low altitude dwellers (p &lt; 0.05). Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration, and SpO2% were higher among high altitude dwellers and the erythrocyte size was found to be smaller at high altitude. The group located at low altitude also showed lower levels of plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but most of these differences are not influenced by gender or elevation.Conclusions: Living at an altitude elicits well-known adaptive physiological changes such as erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level, and serum glucose level. We also report clinical differences in the plasma lipid profile, with higher levels of cholesterol, HDL, and LDL in inhabitants of the Andes Mountain vs. their Amazonian basin peers. Despite this, we did not find significant differences in cardiovascular risk.
Factors of influence on the quality of services provided by the employment center of Bryansk
Authors: Гостенина В.И. 
Published: October 2021

в статье отражены результаты социологического исследования состояния и качества услуг по трудоустройству граждан в Брянске. Приведены факторы, оказывающие негативное влияние на качество предоставляемых услуг, указан перечень услуг государственного центра занятости населения, которыми пользуются граждане.
The article reflects the results of a sociological study on the state and quality of employment services for citizens in Bryansk. The factors that have a negative impact on the quality of services provided are given, and the list of services provided by the state employment center of the population, which are used by citizens, is indicated.
Electromagnetic Proton Beam Instabilities in the Inner Heliosphere: Energy Transfer Rate, Radial Distribution, and Effective Excitation
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhao Jinsong , Xie Huasheng , Yao Yuhang , Wu Dejin , Lee L. C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Differential flows among different ion species are often observed in the solar wind, and such ion differential flows can provide the free energy to drive Alfvén/ion cyclotron and fast-magnetosonic/whistler instabilities. Previous works mainly focused on ion beam instability under the parameters representative of the solar wind nearby 1 au. In this paper we further study proton beam instability using the radial models of the magnetic field and plasma parameters in the inner heliosphere. We explore a comprehensive distribution of proton beam instability as functions of the heliocentric distance and the beam speed. We also perform a detailed analysis of the energy transfer between unstable waves and particles and quantify how much the free energy of the proton beam flows into unstable waves and other kinds of particle species (i.e., proton core, alpha particle, and electron). This work clarifies that both parallel and perpendicular electric fields are responsible for the excitation of oblique Alfvén/ion cyclotron and oblique fast-magnetosonic/whistler instabilities. Moreover, this work proposes an effective growth length to estimate whether the instability is efficiently excited or not. It shows that oblique Alfvén/ion cyclotron instability, oblique fast-magnetosonic/whistler instability, and oblique Alfvén/ion beam instability can be efficiently driven by proton beams drifting at the speed ∼600–1300 km s−1 in the solar atmosphere. In particular, oblique Alfvén/ion cyclotron waves driven in the solar atmosphere can be significantly damped therein, leading to solar corona heating. These results are helpful for understanding proton beam dynamics in the inner heliosphere and can be verified through in situ satellite measurements.
Formation and Characteristics of Filament Threads in Double-dipped Magnetic Flux Tubes
Authors: Guo J. H. , Zhou Y. H. , Guo Y. , Ni Y. W. , Karpen J. T. , Chen P. F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
As one of the main formation mechanisms of solar filament formation, the chromospheric evaporation–coronal condensation model has been confirmed by numerical simulations to explain the formation of filament threads very well in flux tubes with single dips. However, coronal magnetic extrapolations indicated that some magnetic field lines might possess more than one dip. It is expected that the formation process would be significantly different in this case compared to a single-dipped magnetic flux tube. In this paper, based on the evaporation–condensation model, we study filament thread formation in double-dipped magnetic flux tubes by numerical simulations. We find that only with particular combinations of magnetic configuration and heating, e.g., concentrated localized heating and a long magnetic flux tube with deep dips, can two threads form and persist in a double-dipped magnetic flux tube. Comparing our parametric survey with observations, we conclude that such magnetically connected threads due to multiple dips are more likely to exist in quiescent filaments than in active-region filaments. Moreover, we find that these threads are usually shorter than independently trapped threads, which might be one of the reasons why quiescent filaments have short threads. These characteristics of magnetically connected threads could also explain barbs and vertical threads in quiescent filaments.