bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Come to the dark side- Make your own OSPES: a pilot study
Authors: Atta Komal 
Published: September 2021

Background: Physiology for BDS is a tediously long course crammed into one year, students going through this cognitive overlook tend to overlook the clinical aspects and underperform in OSPEs , as they are exerting efforts in learning the core content
Aim: to develop a learning technique to promote deeper learning of the practical and critical aspects of Physiology and perform better in the OSPE
Methods: a longitudinal study was conducted with the newly enrolled BDS class of 2018 (n=50), after debriefing and a preliminary OSPE, they were debriefed about the technique of the ROSPE (reverse OSPE) in which they were to make their own questions with answers already provided at the stations. Feedback was provided and reflections of students were recorded and analyzed thematically. After every ROSPE, the test scores of the subsequent OSPEs were compared with the class of the previous year.
Results: test scores of students who had undergone the ROSPE interventions were remarkably higher as compared to those of the previous batch (p=0.0050,0.001,0.001) and results in Professional examination were also better. Thematic analysis showed the ROSPE to be a confidence building activity that promoted deeper learning and team work.
Conclusion: the ROSPE is a successful intervention to improve practical and clinical skills for the OSPE exam.
Key words : peer assisted learning, OSPE, practical skills, cognitive load ,physiology
Knowledge Skill and Attitude among fresh dental graduates about orthodontics
Authors: Zohra Shan , Amin Malik Muhammad Haider 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The field of orthodontics is an essential component of the bachelor in dental surgery program. As stated by the American Association of Orthodontics, it is defined as an area of dentistry that deals with diagnostics, prevention, interceptions, and correcting the relationships between mature or developing orofacial structures. The goals of orthodontic therapy are to improve the aesthetics of a person of which a very important component is the smile, obtain the normal or close to normal occlusion, and establish normal oral function. Due to a growing esthetic awareness among the general population orthodontics is gaining popularity as a profession. Hence dentists need to be trained well in this field to cater to the growing needs of the general population.Objective: The objective of the survey was to find out whether the graduates that are being produced by the dental colleges of Pakistan are knowledgeable and skillful in the field of orthodontics or not.Methods: It was a quantitative descriptive survey carried out in 2018. The questionnaire was developed with the help of an orthodontic expert following the American, European, Canadian, and Australian competencies and piloted before being used for the actual research process. Students who had recently graduated were the target population. Informed consent was obtained from each student before handing them the questionnaire. 33 students in total participated in the study.Results:33 surveys were returned. The questionnaire was divided into knowledge, skills, and attitude portion. For the knowledge part, the majority of graduates felt underconfident and were felt they were not well versed theoretically. In the skills portion, the most common answers were either not confident or fairly confident revealing that students again did not have again enough confidence in their skills and the majority had done either very little or no patients in their final year. For the attitude section, the majority of students were not interested in taking orthodontic as their subject of post-graduation since they did not feel very confident about it.Conclusion: The results of the survey identified the lags in the final year BDS curriculum especially when it came to orthodontics. Serious consideration needs to be given to training students in the particular field so the dental graduates are confident and skilled in all fields of dentistry when they pass out.
Keywords:
Fresh dental graduate, Knowledge, Skill, Attitude
Gender Disparities in Academic Rank and Writing amongst Medical Faculty Members
Authors: Fahim Ayesha , Haider Jafari Fahim 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Pakistan is a developing country with rich cultural values. With increased urban development and high workforce demands in the labor market during the last two decades, we have seen a positive shift in the stereotypical paradigm with an immense influx of female students in all fields of education including medicine. Although there is increased representation of female doctors, their academic contribution and representation in higher academic ranks seem scarce.
Objective:
In this study, we investigate gender differences in academic ranks and research in renowned Medical Institutions of Pakistan.
Methods:
Websites of three institutions were used to identify male and female faculty members, their respective publications were counted using “Pakmedinet.com” and “Scholar.google.com”.
Results:
A one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the male-female ratio at higher academic ranks. This ratio drastically increases at the Full Professor level where males are three times more than female Professors. ANOVA results also show that publications by male faculty members are significantly higher than females. Even on the same rank, women have not published their work in the same capacity as men.
Conclusion:
The results are in alignment with several previous studies that indicate gender disparities between males and females especially as they climb up the academic ladder. Publications are a measure of academic productivity. This study suggests that although female representation as faculty members have increased over the years, their lack of frequent publications might be a factor that hinders women in advancing in academic ranks.

Keywords:
Gender imbalance, Academic productivity, Medical institutions, Pakistan.
Dante
Authors: von Müler Achatz 
Published: September 2021

Der Dichter Dante Alighieri als Kristallisationsfigur der Imaginationen einer grenzenlosen Moderne, in der unsere Freiheiten und Hoffnungen ebenso wurzeln wie alle Schrecken und Ängste.

Dante Alighieri wurde schon von den Zeitgenossen als Visionär bewundert und gefürchtet. Er erlebte den Aufbruch Italiens in eine neue Epoche und gab dieser zugleich in seinen Briefen, philosophisch-politischen Abhandlungen sowie mit seiner monumentalen Dichtung »Die Göttliche Komödie« eine europäische Richtung.

Achatz von Müller zeigt anhand von Dantes Politik-, Sprach- und Geschichtstheorie den Dichter-Philosophen als Bezugspunkt der »Moderne«. In Dantes Texten schaffen methodische Vernunft, entgrenzte Subjektivität und säkularisierte Macht wunderbare Licht- und erschreckende Missgestalten: Gleichheit, Freiheit, Sicherheit, Schönheit, doch nicht weniger Gewalt, Gier, Unterdrückung, Massenmord. Als Imaginationskünstler dieser Widersprüche wird Dante seit der Romantik immer wieder literarisch in den Blick genommen - sowohl von poetischen Kritikern der Moderne von Jorge Luis Borges bis zu Mary McCarthy als auch von Diagnostikern von Benedetto Croce bis Hannah Arendt.
Variation in Toxicity and Physicochemical Parameters of Cassava Pulp (Manihot esculenta) during Storage
Authors: Bénédicte Deffan Zranseu Ange , Constant Yapi Jocelyn , Prudence Deffan Kahndo , Diomandé Masse , Maxwell Beugre Grah Avit 
Published: September 2021

Background: A staple for about 800 million people in tropical countries, cassava contains a high content of hydrocyanic acid making it toxic.
Objective: This study was proposed to test the conservation effectiveness on tuber toxicity. Materials and Methods: Tests were carried out on the varieties commonly known as Bonoua and Yacé. The conservation parameters studied were: the level of hydrocyanic acid, moisture content and hardness. The cassava tubers were stored at room temperature. The samples for analysis were taken on the pulp every 24 hours.
Results: Results showed that hydrocyanic acid levels reached their minimum levels between 96 and 120 hours of storage with 5.87 ± 0.46 and 5.66 ± 0.50 mg/kg in Bonoua, then 9.53 ± 0.78 and 9.85 ± 0.93 mg/kg in IAC. Water levels are positively correlated with those of hydrocyanic acid in both cassava types. Proteins reach reveal in their maximum concentrations between 48 and 72 hours of storage (respectively to then drop. The ash and fat contents as well as the total carbohydrate contents generally decrease during storage. However, an increase is observed from 120 hours of storage, at the level of carbohydrate concentrations.
Conclusion: For a non-toxic cassava pulp, a storage period of at least 48 hours at the Bonoua and 96 hours at the IAC would be advisable with however a lower biochemical quality.
Influence of New Generation PGRs on Yield Parameter and Economics of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari
Authors: Patel Manas Kumar , Panda Chintamani , Senapati Susanta , Nayak Pradyot Kumar 
Published: September 2021

The present investigation entitled “Influence of new generation PGRs on yield of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari” was conducted at Horticulture experiment Station, Baramunda, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during the year 2017-19. The objective of this experiment was to improve the fruit retention of mango, Yield and its economic in c.v. Dashehari by using brassinostroids and triacontanol. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replication and 12 treatments. Comprising spraying of brassinostroids (each 0.5 and 1.0 ppm), Triacontanol (@ each 300, 500 and 700 ppm) and control and its combination. The observations on different characters of fruit viz., fruit set per panicle at pea stage, fruit retention per panicle at marble stage, fruit drop %, fruit retention per panicle at harvest stage, fruit retention per shoot cluster, fruit retention per tree, number of days taken from spraying to ripening, yield per tree (kg), and its economics were recorded. Among these treatments 1 ppm brassinosteroid and 300ppm triacontanol sprayed at pea stage has increased in fruit retention per panicle at harvest stage (5.95), fruit retention per shoot cluster (30.04) and fruit retention per tree (174.84) along with early maturity (81.66 days) and yield (31.87 kg) found whereas 1 ppm brassinosteroid give maximum fruit set per panicle at pea stage (35.16) & Fruit retention per panicle at marble stage (14.63) and minimum fruit drop percentage (49.25%) were found in 300 ppm triacontanol. Maximum gross return (Rs74,625/-) and B:C ratio (1: 2.94) also found in the treatment 1 ppm brassinosteroid and 300 ppm triacontanol.
Analysis on the Effect of Different Mulberry Varieties on the Commercial Parameters of Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori): A Review
Authors: Bukhari Rubia , Sudan Kalpna 
Published: September 2021

Sericulture is a commerce that involves the cultivation of mulberry plant species, the raising of silkworms, and the manufacture of silk. It is a sustainable, eco-friendly, and agricultural focused commerce. It is one of the largest employment industries, and it has played a significant role in rural opportunities and financial progress. The silkworm is the greatest mulberry assessor since different mulberry types differ in numerous characteristics. Criteria for assessment have been created using a bioassay of silkworm larvae. The impact of a specific mulberry variety on a certain silkworm hybrid may be assessed based on growth/development, survival, and eventually cocoon generation, which directly influences silk productivity.
Implementing a Virtual Flipped Classroom in a Rheumatology Fellowship Program
Authors: Wade Stefanie D. , Freed Jason A. , Kyttaris Vasileios C. , Saunders Staci , Hausmann Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveActive learning opportunities within graduate medical education may be underused. We aimed to assess whether active learning strategies increase after implementing a faculty development workshop and transitioning rheumatology fellowship didactics to a virtual flipped classroom.MethodsWe measured baseline faculty use of active learning strategies during lectures within the Introductory Rheumatology Curriculum by calculating an “active learning score” from a cognitive learning theory assessment tool. We held a faculty development workshop demonstrating active teaching strategies and encouraged using a flipped classroom for fellowship didactics. Because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the strategies were discussed in a virtual classroom setting where the intervention phase would occur. We compared active learning scores before and after the intervention for lectures within the Introductory Rheumatology Curriculum. The primary outcome was the change in active teaching scores preintervention versus postintervention.ResultsActive learning scores increased in 14 of the 16 lectures, with a mean score increase of 4.7 of 24 points (95% confidence interval 2.3–7.2). Paired t‐test analyses comparing active learning scores preintervention and postintervention for each lecture confirmed that results were highly statistically significant (P < 0.001). Despite faculty hesitancy to teach within a virtual environment, faculty satisfaction remained high postintervention.ConclusionA virtual flipped classroom increased the use of active learning strategies within the Introductory Rheumatology Curriculum. Faculty satisfaction remained high despite modest increases in time spent updating their presentations. Fellows and faculty reported a largely positive experience within the virtual classroom.
Resistive Switching by Percolative Conducting Filaments in Organometal Perovskite Unipolar Memory Devices Analyzed Using Current Noise Spectra
Authors: Ahn Heebeom , Kang Keehoon , Song Younggul , Lee Woocheol , Kim Jae‐Keun , Kim Junwoo , Lee Jonghoon , Baek Kyeong‐Yoon , Shin Jiwon , Lim Hyungbin , Kim Yongjin , Lee Jae Sung , Lee Takhee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskites have emerged as potential material systems for resistive memory devices besides their outstanding optical and electrical properties. Although halide‐perovskite resistive memory has the advantage of operating with a low voltage and large on/off ratio, random distribution in operation voltage remains a challenge in memory application. This stochastic operation characteristic is due to the random formation of conducting filaments that cause resistance fluctuations in the material. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the formation and dissolution of conducting filaments and their structure. However, direct observation of a nanoscale filamentary structure is often challenging. Moreover, detailed studies of conducting filaments in halide‐perovskite materials have rarely been reported. By employing a scaling theory with a fractal structure, this study investigates the geometric structures and dynamics of conducting filaments formed in organometal halide perovskite through current noise analysis. The temperature‐dependent electrical properties and current noise demonstrate the role of ion migration in the formation of conducting filaments. The findings could enhance the understanding of the resistive switching phenomena of perovskite resistive memory devices in terms of percolative conducting filaments. Thus, providing a route for achieving a stable memory operation by controlling the relevant structure and dynamics of the switching processes.
Bioinspired Multifunctional Photonic‐Electronic Smart Skin for Ultrasensitive Health Monitoring, for Visual and Self‐Powered Sensing
Authors: Zhao Yi , Gao Wenchao , Dai Kun , Wang Shuo , Yuan Zuqing , Li Jiannan , Zhai Wei , Zheng Guoqiang , Pan Caofeng , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSmart skin is highly desired to be ultrasensitive and self‐powered as the medium of artificial intelligence. Here, an ultrasensitive self‐powered mechanoluminescence smart skin (SPMSS) inspired by the luminescence mechanism of cephalopod skin and the ultrasensitive response of spider‐slit‐organ is developed. Benefitting from the unique strain‐dependent microcrack structure design based on Ti3C2Tx (MXene)/carbon nanotube synergistic interaction, SPMSS possesses excellent strain sensing performances including ultralow detection limit (0.001% strain), ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor, GF = 3.92 × 107), ultrafast response time (5 ms), and superior durability and stability (>45 000 cycles). Synchronously, SPMSS exhibits tunable and highly sensitive mechanoluminescence (ML) features under stretching. A relationship between ML features, strain sensing performances, and the deformation has been established successfully. Importantly, the SPMSS demonstrates excellent properties as triboelectric nanogenerator (4 × 4 cm2), including ultrahigh triboelectric output (open‐circuit voltage VOC = 540 V, short‐circuit current ISC = 42 µA, short‐circuit charge QSC = 317 nC) and power density (7.42 W m−2), endowing the smart skin with reliable power source supply and self‐powered sensing ability. This bioinspired smart skin exhibits multifunctional applications in health monitoring, visual sensing, and self‐powered sensing, showing great potential in artificial intelligence.
NanoRobotic Structures with Embedded Actuation via Ion Induced Folding
Authors: Benouhiba Amine , Wurtz Léo , Rauch Jean‐Yves , Agnus Joël , Rabenorosoa Kanty , Clévy Cédric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract4D structures are tridimensional structures with time‐varying abilities that provide high versatility, sophisticated designs, and a broad spectrum of actuation and sensing possibilities. The downsizing of these structures below 100 μm opens up exceptional opportunities for many disciplines, including photonics, acoustics, medicine, and nanorobotics. However, it requires a paradigm shift in manufacturing methods, especially for dynamic structures. A novel fabrication method based on ion‐induced folding of planar multilayer structures embedding their actuation is proposed—the planar structures are fabricated in bulk through batch microfabrication techniques. Programmable and accurate bidirectional foldings (−70° − +90°) of Silica/Chromium/Aluminium (SiO2/Cr/Al) multilayer structures are modeled, experimentally demonstrated then applied to embedded electrothermal actuation of controllable and dynamic 4D nanorobotic structures. The method is used to produce high‐performances case‐study grippers for nanorobotic applications in confined environments. Once folded, a gripping task at the nano‐scale is demonstrated. The proposed fabrication method is suitable for creating small‐scale 4D systems for nanorobotics, medical devices, and tunable metamaterials, where rapid folding and enhanced dynamic control are required.
Large‐Area Pixelized Optoelectronic Neuromorphic Devices with Multispectral Light‐Modulated Bidirectional Synaptic Circuits
Authors: Kwon Sung Min , Kwak Jee Young , Song Seungho , Kim Jeehoon , Jo Chanho , Cho Sung Soo , Nam Seung‐Ji , Kim Jaehyun , Park Gyeong‐Su , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Park Sung Kyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe complete hardware implementation of an optoelectronic neuromorphic computing system is considered as one of the most promising solutions to realize energy‐efficient artificial intelligence. Here, a fully light‐driven and scalable optoelectronic neuromorphic circuit with metal‐chalcogenide/metal‐oxide heterostructure phototransistor and photovoltaic divider is proposed. To achieve wavelength‐selective neural operation and hardware‐based pattern recognition, multispectral light modulated bidirectional synaptic circuits are utilized as an individual pixel for highly accurate and large‐area neuromorphic computing system. The wavelength selective control of photo‐generated charges at the heterostructure interface enables the bidirectional synaptic modulation behaviors including the excitatory and inhibitory modulations. More importantly, a 7 × 7 neuromorphic pixel circuit array is demonstrated to show the viability of implementing highly accurate hardware‐based pattern training. In both the pixel training and pattern recognition simulation, the neuromorphic circuit array with the bidirectional synaptic modulation exhibits lower training errors and higher recognition rates, respectively.
Cerium‐Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals for Extremely High‐Performance Deep‐Ultraviolet Photoelectric Detection
Authors: Li Dongyu , Xu Wen , Zhou Donglei , Ji Yanan , Ding Nan , Chen Xu , Zhu Jinyang , Sun Rui , Lu Siyu , Ma Chonggeng , Jia Zhixu , Qin Guanshi , Bai Xue , Song Hongwei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel deep‐ultraviolet photodetector (DUVPD) based on the hybrids of solution‐processed CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br):Ce3+ perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) and plasmonic Al film is presented. The optical absorption strength of the CsPbX3:Ce3+ PNCs is improved by one order of magnitude in the solar‐blind DUV range (200–280 nm) compared with the undoped. First‐principles calculations and Dorenbos's 4f and 5d host referred binding energy (HRBE) models prove that such an improvement results from the 4f–5d transition of Ce3+. The presence of Al film further improves the optical absorption strength in this DUV range due to the plasmonic effect and the metal−perovskite junction between Al film and perovskite. Finally, the DUVPDs based on CsPbCl3:Ce3+/Al hybrids demonstrate extremely high detectivity of 4 × 1013 Jones. This work is the first approach to build up high‐performance DUVPDs based on the doped PNCs.
Optical Resonance Coupled with Electronic Structure Engineering toward High‐Sensitivity Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Yan Jiahao , Ma Churong , Gao Wei , Zhou Yuchen , Yao Jiandong , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Wu Fugen , Li Jingbo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltrasensitive photodetectors with high responsivity, detectivity, and fast response rate have triggered urgent demand in extensive applications. In recent years, 2D indium chalcogenides have emerged as appealing photoactive materials due to their excellent electrical and optoelectronic properties. However, suffering from the weak optical absorption induced by atomically thin thickness as well as the short lifetime of photogenerated carriers, conventional 2D indium chalcogenides photodetectors commonly exhibit limited photodetection performance. Herein, a universal strategy integrating 2D indium chalcogenides and Si nanostripe array is demonstrated. The Si nanostripes afford Mie‐type resonance, which facilitates light absorption. In addition, the introduction of photoconductive gain and strain engineering prolongs photogenerated carriers’ lifetime and accelerates their transport. The coupling effect of these three mechanisms enables the device to exhibit high photodetection performance. The constructed α‐In2Se3 device manifests a high responsivity of 9.4 × 103 A W−1, detectivity of 5.5 × 1013 Jones while maintaining fast rise/decay time of 2.7/3.8 ms. In addition, this proposed strategy can also be employed to construct InSe device with comprehensively enhanced photodetection performance, which presents universality and wide applicability. These results demonstrate that advanced device design is an effective avenue to achieve future multifunctional optoelectronic devices with high sensitivity.