bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' needs regarding rehabilitation services delivered via mobile applications after arthroplasty: A qualitative study
Authors: Wang Qingling , Hunter Sharyn , Lee Regina Lai‐Tong , Wang Xiaofeng , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo obtain an in‐depth understanding of the specific needs of patients for rehabilitation services delivered via mobile applications after total hip or knee arthroplasty.BackgroundDue to increased demand for arthroplasty, the provision of face‐to‐face rehabilitation services for patients is becoming challenging. New approaches using digital technologies are being developed, such as mobile applications to deliver rehabilitation services. However, the perspectives of patients on the delivery of these services via mobile applications after total hip or knee arthroplasty have not been explored extensively.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsTwenty patients who had been discharged from the hospital after a total hip or knee arthroplasty were interviewed via telephone about their needs regarding the future use of mobile applications to conduct arthroplasty rehabilitation. Interview records were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive content analysis. Reporting of the findings complies with the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies.ResultsFour categories emerged from the data collected from the participants: (1) assisting rehabilitation self‐management, (2) facilitating peer support, (3) facilitating contact with healthcare professionals and (4) supporting emotional well‐being.ConclusionsThe study provided an in‐depth understanding of the specific needs of patients for rehabilitation services delivered via mobile applications after total hip or knee arthroplasty. The findings of the study could be used in the development or revision of mobile application rehabilitation programmes to better support the rehabilitation of patients. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such programmes, especially including the self‐efficacy of patients as an outcome measure.Relevance to clinical practiceFrom the perspective of patients who have undergone arthroplasty, a mobile application rehabilitation programme should encourage patients in rehabilitation self‐management, assist them to contact healthcare professionals and other patients and support their postoperative emotional well‐being. The study findings will assist nurses with the preparation and delivery of telerehabilitation programmes after arthroplasty.
Sexual dimorphism in the cerebrovascular network: Brain MRI shows lower arterial density in women
Authors: Barbeau‐Meunier Charles‐Antoine , Bernier Michaël , Côté Samantha , Gilbert Guillaume , Bocti Christian , Whittingstall Kevin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and PurposeAccumulating evidence suggests that there is a sexual dimorphism in brain health, with women exhibiting greater disability following strokes of comparable size and having a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment later in life. Despite the critical implication of the cerebrovascular architecture in brain perfusion and brain health, it remains unclear whether structural differences in vessel density exist across the sexes.MethodsIn this study, we used high‐density MRI imaging to characterize the intracerebral arterial and venous density of 28 (14 women) sex‐matched healthy young volunteers in vivo. Using an in‐house vessel segmentation algorithm, we quantified and compared these vascular features across the cortical and subcortical deep gray matter, white matter, and periventricular white matter.ResultsWe found that, on average, women have reduced intracerebral arterial density in comparison to men (F 2.34 ± 0.48%, M 2.67 ± 0.39%; p<.05). This difference was most pronounced in the subcortical deep gray matter (F 1.78 ± 0.53%, M 2.38 ± 0.82%; p<.05) and periventricular white matter (F 0.68 ± 0.15%, M 1.14 ± 0.33%; p<.0005), indicating a potential sex‐specific vulnerability to hypoperfusion in areas critical to core cerebral functions. In contrast, venous density did not exhibit a significant difference between sexes.ConclusionsWhile this research remains exploratory, it raises important pathophysiological considerations for brain health, adverse cerebrovascular events, and dementia across the sexes. Our findings also highlight the need to take into account sex differences when investigating cerebral characteristics in humans.
Effect of Splinting of Tilted External Hexagon Implants on 3‐Unit Implant‐Supported Prostheses in the Posterior Maxilla: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: de Faria Almeida Daniel A. , Verri Fellippo R. , Lemos Cleidiel A. A. , de Souza Batista Victor E. , Santiago Júnior Joel. F. , Rosa Cleber D. D. R. D. , Noritomi Pedro Y. , Pellizzer Eduardo P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effects of tilted external hexagon implants and splinted restorations in terms of stress distribution on the bone tissue, implants, and prosthetic screws, using three‐dimensional finite element analysis.Materials and MethodsSix models were used to simulate a posterior maxilla bone block (type IV) from the first premolar to the first molar. Each model included three 4.1‐mm‐diameter external hexagon implants with varying inclinations (0°, 17°, and 30°) and crown designs (splinted and nonsplinted restorations). The forces applied were as follows: 400 N axially (50 N for each slope of the cusp) and 200 N obliquely (45° only on the buccal slope of the cusp). Stress distribution on the implants and prosthetic screw was evaluated using Von Mises stress, while the maximum principal stress was used to evaluate the stress distribution in the bone tissue.ResultsThe oblique load increased the stress on all the structures in all the models. Increased inclination of the implants resulted in higher stress concentration in the bone tissue, implants, and prosthetic screws. However, splinted restorations contributed to reduction of the stress for the oblique loading, mainly in the bone tissue and prosthetic screw of the first molar, as the stress was shared between the first and second premolar restorations.ConclusionsTilted implants increased proportionally the stress on bone tissue and prosthetic screws of models. Additionally, splinting restorations reduced the stress concentration area in the simulated bone tissue, implants, and prosthetic screws in the first molar, as the stress was shared with the adjacent implants.
Treatment Plan and Challenges in Full‐Mouth Rehabilitation of a Quadriplegic Patient: A Clinical Report
Authors: Auerbacher Marc , Kakoschke Tamara Katharina , Hickel Reinhard , Kaisarly Dalia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpinal cord injuries lead to physical limitations, and the resulting levels of dependency and emotional distress have devastating consequences on individuals’ oral health. A 46‐year‐old patient with incomplete quadriplegia due to a complicated medical history presented for prosthetic rehabilitation. The patient's ability and tolerance to be treated in the dental chair was assessed. Prosthetic treatment options were discussed considering his dependency on alternating caregivers. The final treatment plan involved restorative treatment, implant‐supported crowns, an implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis and, in the upper jaw, an implant‐supported overdenture to allow proper oral hygiene. The dental treatment sessions were performed with frequent interruptions in the dental chair, whereas the implants were placed under general anesthesia in the maxillo‐facial surgery department. The final treatment plan resulted in a compromise between the prosthetic recommendation and the patient's wish. The decisive factor for choosing an implant‐supported overdenture rather than an implant‐supported fixed dental prosthesis in the upper jaw was the inability of the patient to maintain adequate hygiene measures by himself and his dependence on the caregivers. This clinical report demonstrates how special care dentistry can improve quality of life, even in people with severe physical and/or mental impairments. We would like to encourage dental professionals to provide high‐quality care for patients with disabilities in particular, and this practice is in line with the requirements of the UN convention on the rights of persons with disabilities.
Investigation of the Type of Angled Abutment for Anterior Maxillary Implants: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Korkmaz Ismail Hakki , Kul Esra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe optimal abutment material and design for an angled implant‐abutment connection in the esthetic zone is unclear. The purpose of this finite element analysis (FEA) study was to compare different abutment models by evaluating the stress values in the implant components and strain values on the simulated bone around an anterior maxillary implant with different angled abutment models and loading conditions.Materials and MethodsOne Ø3.5×12‐mm implant was placed in 3D FEA models representing the anterior left lateral segment of the maxilla. Three different contemporary implant models were created with 17° or 25° angled abutments (Ti base abutment, zirconia abutment, and titanium abutment) and 3D‐modeled. The implant abutment model was an angled Ti base abutment (TIB), an angled zirconia abutment (ZIR), or an angled titanium abutment (TIT). Vertical and oblique loads of 100 N for the central incisors were applied as boundary conditions to the cingulum area and incisal area in a nonlinear FEA.ResultsThe TIB model resulted in reduced stress conditions. According to the von Mises stresses occurring on the screw, abutment, crown, and implant, especially under oblique loads, the TIB model was exposed to less stress than the ZIR or TIT models. Strain values in simulated cortical and trabecular bones were obtained lower in the TIB model.ConclusionsWhen a standard implant was placed in the esthetic zone at an increased angle, the implants, abutments, and screws had more unfavorable stress levels; therefore, using a Ti‐base abutment may reduce stress. The amount of contact surface of the implant with the simulated cortical bone is also an important factor affecting stress and strain.
Oral health‐related quality of life in US adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vu Giang T. , Little Bert B. , Esterhay Robert J. , Jennings J' Aime , Creel Liza , Gettleman Lawrence 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nondiabetic US adults.MethodsThe study sample included 2945 participants (aged ≥20) selected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004 that represented 130,689,262 million persons in a probability weighted sample. Oral health outcomes were measured by the NHANES version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) for OHRQoL and summarized as additive scores (OHIP‐ADD) and as prevalence of negative impacts (OHIP‐SC). Multiple logistic regression models used dichotomous outcome variables OHIP‐ADD and OHIP‐SC. The cut‐off values for poor OHRQoL were heuristically defined as OHIP‐ADD ≥6 and as OHIP‐SC > 0.ResultsPoor OHRQoL was significantly (p < 0.0001) predicted by T2DM (ORSC‐controlled = 1.43, ORSC‐uncontrolled = 1.73), obesity (ORSC = 1.24), untreated dental caries (ORSC = 1.79), periodontal disease (ORADD = 1.07), evaluated unmet denture need (ORSC = 1.72), low income (ORADD = 1.22), smoking (ORSC‐former‐smoker = 1.04, ORSC‐current‐smoker = 1.99), African‐American (ORSC = 1.19), and female (ORSC = 1.66) in both logistic regression models. In contrast, protective factors significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with poor OHRQoL were private dental insurance (ORSC = 0.81), college education (ORSC = 0.85), and annual dental prophylaxis (ORSC = 0.83), after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsThis study showed that private insurance coverage and annual prophylaxis are associated with better average OHRQoL among individuals with T2DM. Improved OHRQoL may be associated with glycaemia control, decreased BMI, and smoking cessation. The highest odds for poor OHRQoL were found among US adults with T2DM with uncontrolled HbA1c, untreated dental caries, and current smoking.
Comparison of serum creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in dogs with Neospora meningoencephalitis and noninfectious meningoencephalitis
Authors: Jones Bethan S. , Harcourt‐Brown Tom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCreatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity can be increased with myositis associated with Toxoplasma and Neospora infection in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesSerum activity of CK and AST can be used as a rapid screen for predicting positive serology in meningoencephalitis caused by Toxoplasma gondii or Neospora caninum in dogs compared to dogs with noninfectious meningoencephalitis.AnimalsEighty dogs with meningoencephalitis based on magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Serological cutoffs (≥1:800 immunofluorescence for Neospora and ≥1:400 IgG or ≥1:64 IgM or both for Toxoplasma) categorized dogs as infected (n = 21, all neosporosis) or noninfected (n = 59). Activities of CK and AST between infected and noninfected groups were compared using a Mann‐Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsNo dogs were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. Serum CK and AST activities were significantly increased (P < .001) in dogs with positive serology for Neospora (CK: median, 1334 U/L; range, 281‐3633 U/L and AST: median, 124 U/L; range, 59‐333 U/L) compared to noninfectious cases (CK: median, 215 U/L; range, 69‐683 U/L and AST: median, 36 U/L; range, 19‐139 U/L). A CK cutoff of 485 U/L had 95.24% sensitivity and 96.61% specificity with a negative predicative value of >99%. An AST cutoff of 57 U/L had 94.44% sensitivity and 85.71% specificity with an estimated negative predicative value of 99%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHigh serum CK and AST activity can increase suspicion for neosporosis while awaiting serological tests for dogs with meningoencephalitis.
Elderly people with gait disorder in Lewy body diseases, white matter diseases, and their combination: A neuroimaging‐assisted analysis
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Tateno Fuyuki , Aiba Yosuke , Sawai Setsu , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Terada Hitoshi , Inaoka Tsutomu , Nakatsuka Tomoya , Katsuragawa Shuichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAim of studyWhile Lewy body diseases (LBDs, comprising Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies) and white matter diseases (WMD) coexist pathologically, it is uncertain to what extent each disease and the combination of the two manifests clinically, particularly regarding gait disorders. To answer this question, we performed neuroimaging‐assisted analysis.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study (215 patients with gait, cognitive, or sleep‐autonomic disorders who were referred to our department within a 2‐year period). The inclusion criteria were apparent gait disorder; age >65 years; WMD observed on MRI; and LBD observed on both DAT and MIBG for clarity.ResultsWe had 39 patients with LBD; 31 with WMD; and 52 with dual diseases. The types of motor disorder in LBD varied (purely akinetic, akineto‐rigid, and tremor forms), whereas in WMD it was purely akinetic with a wide‐based gait. Those with dual diseases showed a clinical combination of the two. Cognitive disorders of LBD‐only and of dual diseases were more severe than WMD only. Sleep disorder and postural hypotension occurred only in LBD‐only and in dual diseases; constipation was common in LBD and dual groups. However, none of the differences reached statistical significance.ConclusionAmong the patients, 23%‐50% of LBD and those of dual diseases had the purely akinetic form, which might be indistinguishable from WMD. In such cases, additional motor (subtle upper‐half akinesia, abnormal posture) and nonmotor (cognitive‐sleep‐autonomic) signatures may help in diagnosing (comorbid) LBD cases that require treatment.
Pain in irritable bowel syndrome: Does anything really help?
Authors: BouSaba Joelle , Sannaa Wassel , Camilleri Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPain relief remains a significant challenge in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): “Does anything really help relieve the pain in patients with IBS?”. Interventions aimed at pain relief in patients with IBS include diet, probiotics or antibiotics, antidepressants, antispasmodics, and drugs targeting specific gastrointestinal receptors such as opioid or histamine receptors. In the systematic review and meta‐analysis published in this journal, Lambarth et al. examined the literature on the role of oral and parenteral anti‐neuropathic agents in the management of pain in patients with IBS. This review article appraises their assessment of the efficacy of the anti‐neuropathic agents amitriptyline, pregabalin, gabapentin, and duloxetine in the relief of abdominal pain or discomfort, and impact on overall IBS severity and quality of life. This commentary provides an update of current evidence on the efficacy of the dietary and pharmacological treatments that are available or in development, as well psychological and cognitive behavioral therapy for pain in IBS. Advances in recent years augur well for efficacious treatments that may expand the therapeutic arsenal for pain in IBS.
Mundane hallucinations and new wave relationalism
Authors: Beck Jacob 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRelationalism maintains that mind‐independent objects are essential constituents of veridical perceptual experiences. According to the argument from hallucination, relationalism is undermined by perfect hallucinations, experiences that are introspectively indistinguishable from veridical perceptual experiences but lack an object. Recently, a new wave of relationalists have responded by questioning whether perfect hallucinations are possible: what seem to be perfect hallucinations may really be something else, such as illusions, veridical experiences of non‐obvious objects, or experiences that are not genuinely possible. This paper argues that however well new wave relationalism may handle brains in vats, drug users “seeing” pink elephants, and other extraordinary hallucinations, it struggles to accommodate mundane hallucinations, such as “hearing” your child cry out from the room down the hall when she is actually sound asleep or “feeling” vibrations on your thigh even when your phone isn't in your pocket. Mundane hallucinations are best explained as byproducts of noise in the perceptual system, and noise‐induced hallucinations are resistant to the strategies that new wave relationalists deploy to explain away other hallucinations. Mundane hallucinations can thus underpin an especially powerful version of the argument from hallucination.
A pilot to promote early child development within health systems in Mozambique: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Jeong Joshua , Bliznashka Lilia , Ahun Marilyn N. , Karuskina‐Drivdale Svetlana , Picolo Melanie , Lalwani Tanya , Pinto Judite , Frey Matthew , Velthauz Daan , Donco Rotafina , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHealth systems offer unique opportunities for integrating services to promote early child development (ECD). However, there is limited knowledge about the implementation experiences of using health services to target nurturing care and ECD, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. We conducted a qualitative implementation evaluation to assess the delivery, acceptability, perceived changes, and barriers and facilitators associated with a pilot strategy that integrated developmental monitoring, nutritional screening, and early learning and nutrition counseling into the existing health facility, and community‐based services for young children in rural Mozambique. We completed individual interviews with caregivers (N = 36), providers (N = 27), and district stakeholders (N = 10), and nine facility observational visits at three primary health facilities in October–November 2020. We analyzed data using thematic content analysis. Results supported fidelity to the intended pilot model and acceptability of nurturing care services. Respondents expressed various program benefits, including strengthened health system capacity and improved knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding nurturing care and ECD. Government leadership and supportive supervision were key facilitators, whereas health system resource constraints were key barriers. We conclude that health systems are promising platforms for supporting ECD and discuss several programmatic recommendations for enhancing service delivery and maximizing potential impacts on nurturing care and ECD outcomes.
Emergency preservation and resuscitation for cardiac arrest from trauma
Authors: Tisherman Samuel A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatients who suffer a cardiac arrest from trauma rarely survive. Surgical control of hemorrhage cannot be obtained in time to prevent irreversible organ damage. Emergency preservation and resuscitation (EPR) was developed to utilize hypothermia to buy time to achieve hemostasis and allow delayed resuscitation. Large animal studies have demonstrated that cooling to tympanic membrane temperature 10 °C during exsanguination cardiac arrest can allow up to 2 h of circulatory arrest and repair of simulated injuries with normal neurologic recovery. The Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest from Trauma (EPR‐CAT) trial is testing the feasibility and safety of initiating EPR. Study subjects include patients with penetrating trauma who lose a pulse within 5 minutes of hospital arrival and remain pulseless despite standard care. EPR is initiated via an intra‐aortic flush of ice‐cold saline solution. Following hemostasis, delayed resuscitation and rewarming are accomplished with cardiopulmonary bypass. The primary outcome is survival to hospital discharge without significant neurologic deficits. If trained team members are available, subjects can undergo EPR. If not, subjects can be enrolled as concurrent controls. Ten EPR and 10 control subjects will be enrolled. If successful, EPR could save the lives of trauma patients who are currently dying from exsanguinating hemorrhage.