bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers in Public Health Facilities in Eastern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Farah Alinoor Mohamed , Nour Tahir Yousuf , Obsiye Muse , Aden Mowlid Akil , Ali Omar Moeline , Hussein Muktar Arab , Budul Abdullahi Bedel , Omer Muktar , Getnet Fentabil 
Published: August 2021

Background
On March 13, 2020, Ethiopia reported the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Addis Ababa. COVID-19 is likely to overwhelm an already-fragile health care delivery system and reduce the availability of essential health services. This analysis of data from the Somali Region of Eastern Ethiopia on health care workers’ (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19 may be used in planning health education programs about the emerging viral disease.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HCWs regarding COVID-19 infection.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in three public health facilities in the Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia. A self-administered questionnaire was shared with all HCWs working at the public health facilities. A total of 15 knowledge questions were scored as 1 or 0 for correct or incorrect responses, respectively. A total of 14 practice questions were scored on a 3-point scale from 1 (“always”) to 3 (“never”). A total of six attitude questions were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, in a negative dimension, as follows: 1 (“strongly agree”), 2 (“agree”), 3 (“neutral”), 4 (“disagree”), and 5 (“strongly disagree”). Mean scores were calculated and used as a cut point to dichotomize the outcome variables (>13.7 indicated good knowledge, <18.8 indicated good practices, and ≤10.5 indicated favorable attitudes). We used t tests and analyses of variance (ie, F tests) to analyze the mean score differences of knowledge, attitudes, and practices between the independent variables. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between mean knowledge and attitude scores.

Results
Of the 686 HCWs approached, a total of 434 HCWs responded (63.3% response rate). The mean age of the participants was 27.6 (SD 5.3) years, and the majority of the participants were male (293/434, 67.5%). The mean knowledge score was 13.7 (SD 2.6), and 73.3% (318/434) of participants had sufficient knowledge. The mean attitude score was 10.5 (SD 4.1), and 54.8% (238/434) of the participants had a good attitude toward COVID-19. The mean practice score was 18.8 (SD 5.8), and 61.5% (267/434) of the participants practiced precautionary measures to prevent COVID-19. There was a negative correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r=–0.295, P<.001) and between knowledge and practice scores (r=–0.298, P<.001).

Conclusions
The overall levels of knowledge and practice were relatively better than the attitude level. This highlights the need to implement strategies that enhance the positive attitudes and safe practices of the HCWs for better containment of the pandemic and supporting of essential health care services.
Designing Better Exposure Notification Apps: The Role of Persuasive Design
Authors: Oyibo Kiemute , Morita Plinio Pelegrini 
Published: August 2021

Background
Digital contact tracing apps have been deployed worldwide to limit the spread of COVID-19 during this pandemic and to facilitate the lifting of public health restrictions. However, due to privacy-, trust-, and design-related issues, the apps are yet to be widely adopted. This calls for an intervention to enable a critical mass of users to adopt them.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to provide guidelines to design contact tracing apps as persuasive technologies to make them more appealing and effective.

Methods
We identified the limitations of the current contact tracing apps on the market using the Government of Canada’s official exposure notification app (COVID Alert) as a case study. Particularly, we identified three interfaces in the COVID Alert app where the design can be improved. The interfaces include the no exposure status interface, exposure interface, and diagnosis report interface. We propose persuasive technology design guidelines to make them more motivational and effective in eliciting the desired behavior change.

Results
Apart from trust and privacy concerns, we identified the minimalist and nonmotivational design of exposure notification apps as the key design-related factors that contribute to the current low uptake. We proposed persuasive strategies such as self-monitoring of daily contacts and exposure time to make the no exposure and exposure interfaces visually appealing and motivational. Moreover, we proposed social learning, praise, and reward to increase the diagnosis report interface’s effectiveness.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that exposure notification apps can be designed as persuasive technologies by incorporating key persuasive features, which have the potential to improve uptake, use, COVID-19 diagnosis reporting, and compliance with social distancing guidelines.
Konsep Hermeneutika Al-Qur’an Ma’nā-Cum-Mağza dan Aplikasinya dalam Memahami Bunga Bank
Authors: Zaman Akhmad Roja Badrus 
Published: August 2021

Artikel ini mengelaborasi teori ma’nā-cum-maġza dan implementasinya terhadap topik riba dalam Al-Qur’an. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif, dan termasuk dalam penelitian pustaka. Teknik kerja teori hermeneutika ma’nā-cum-maġza adalah melakukan analisis linguistik, melihat historisitas penurunan suatu ayat dalam konteks makro dan mikro, dan melakukan penggalian maqṣad atau maġza (signifikasi) suatu ayat. Dengan menggunakan teori tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa dalam aspek historisnya, riba menunjuk kepada fenomena realitas bangsa Arab abad ke-7 yang melipatgandakan nominal pinjaman awal yang mengarah kepada perbuatan eksploitatif dan zalim. Hal tersebut berbeda dengan konsep bunga bank dalam sistem perbankan kontemporer. Dengan mengambil maġza melalui kajian historis, teori interpretasi ma’nā-cum-maġza cenderung menekankan pada aspek moral pengharaman riba, dan menomorduakan bentuk legal riba—karena memiliki signifikasi hukum yang tidak terkatakan, sehingga menjadikannya tidak diharamkan.
Al-Qur’an dan Pembahasalokalan di Indonesia
Authors: Rohmana Jajang A 
Published: August 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penggunaan istilah aing (aku) bagi Tuhan dalam tafsir Al-Qur’an berbahasa Sunda. Objek kajian ini adalah penggunaan kata aing tersebut dalam tafsir Qur’anul Adhimi karangan Haji Hasan Mustapa (1852-1930) dan beberapa tafsir Al-Qur’an karya K.H. Ahmad Sanusi (1888-1950). Keduanya menggunakan istilah aing bagi Allah sebagai kata ganti orang pertama tunggal. Melalui metode riset kepustakaan dan pendekatan sosiolinguistik, kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan istilah aing tersebut tidak hanya terkait dengan keyakinan teologis akan superioritas Allah dibanding makhluk, tetapi juga mencerminkan pengaruh stratifikasi sosial di masyarakat yang menempatkan aing pada tingkatan tertinggi. Meski sekarang penggunaan istilah aing dianggap kurang sopan, tetapi penggunaannya pada awal abad ke-20 dapat diterima karena dianggap paling bisa mewadahi superioritas Allah itu dibanding kata sejenis yang menunjukkan strata sosial rendah. Sebuah kesadaran diglosia bahasa dalam tafsir kitab suci sebagai cermin perlakuan orang Sunda terhadap Allah ke dalam situasi bahasa tertinggi yang berbeda dengan situasi lainnya.
Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Auditing Profession: A Literature Review
Authors: Almufadda Ghayah , Almezeini Nora Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates some essential questions that might interest auditors regarding the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) applications on the auditing profession by reviewing a selective bibliography of papers published mainly between 2016 and 2020. It discusses the major AI applications in the auditing field and explores the associated benefits in increasing auditing work's effectiveness, efficiency, and quality. It further illustrates the major internal critical considerations that should be taken into account before AI application adoption in auditing practices, from initial decision-making to the use of proper countermeasures, to ensure the successful and effective implementation of AI applications. The extent to which AI applications in the accounting and auditing field might affect current hiring practices and threaten an auditor's job, as performed today, is discussed and various debates and contradictory opinions are presented. The major AI applications adopted by the Big 4 accounting firms are also discussed.
National Trends in Out-of-Pocket Costs Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes Aged 18–64 Years: 2001–2017
Authors: Wang Yu , Park Joohyun , Li Rui , Luman Elizabeth , Zhang Ping 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
To assess national trends in out-of-pocket (OOP) costs among adults aged 18–64 years with diabetes in the U.S.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using data from the 2001–2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we estimated total per person annual OOP costs (insurance premiums, prescription drug costs, inpatient and outpatient deductibles, copays, and other payments not covered by insurance) and high OOP cost rate, defined as the percentage of people with OOP spending &gt;10% of their family’s pretax income. We examined trends overall, by subgroup (insurance type, income level, insulin use, size of patient’s employer, and whether the patient was enrolled in a high deductible health plan), and by type of service. Changes in trends were identified using joinpoint analysis; costs were adjusted to 2017 U.S. dollars.

RESULTS
From 2001 to 2017, OOP costs decreased 4.3%, from $4,328 to $4,139, and the high OOP cost rate fell 32%, from 28 to 19% (P &lt; 0.001). Changes in the high OOP cost rate varied by subgroup, declining among those with public or no insurance and those with an income &lt;200% of the federal poverty level (P &lt; 0.001) but remaining stable among those with private insurance and higher income. Drug prescription OOP costs decreased among all subgroups (P &lt; 0.001). Decreases in total (−$58 vs. −$37, P &lt; 0.001) and prescription (−$79 vs. −$68, P &lt; 0.001) OOP costs were higher among insulin users than noninsulin users.

CONCLUSIONS
OOP costs among U.S. nonelderly adults with diabetes declined, especially among those least able to afford them. Future studies may explore factors contributing to the decline in OOP costs and the impact on the quality of diabetes care and complication rates.
La nueva pandemia por SARS-CoV-2: epidemiología y la respuesta del sistema de salud peruano
Authors: Gonzales Menis Gabriela Alejandra , Aramburu Pumacallao Gian Pierre , Espinoza Pantoja Juan , Gonzales Vega Roxana , Guzman Aparicio Fiorella , Julca Valle Nathaly , Ladera Castañeda Marysela , Cayo Rojas Cesar 
Published: August 2021

Desde que la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el 12 de marzo a la nueva enfermedad COVID-19 como pandemia, hasta la fecha 13 de enero de 2021 se han registrado más de 86 millones de casos confirmados de COVID-19 en todo el mundo, a nivel de Latinoamérica, Perú se encuentra en el quinto lugar con 1 082 907 casos confirmados presentando una tasa de letalidad de 3,63%. Así mismo el estado peruano en respuesta a esta enfermedad por COVID-19, emitió normativas a través del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) con la finalidad de contrarrestar el contagio y cantidad de defunciones. A pesar de haber sido Perú uno de los primeros países en la región en ejecutar medidas restrictivas en los primeros meses del 2020, que junto a las directrices ejecutadas por las instituciones del MINSA, no reflejaron los resultados esperados, observándose al 21 de enero de 2021 la disponibilidad de 141 camas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) a nivel nacional, y a Perú en el quinto lugar en cifras de contagios en Latinoamérica con 1 082 907 casos confirmados, y 39 274 fallecidos.
PERDAGANGAN SATWA LIAR JENIS KUKANG (Nycticebus sp) DI PASAR HEWAN PLERED KECAMATAN WERU KABUPATEN CIREBON
Authors: Nuraeni Erni , Supartono Toto , Deni Deni 
Published: August 2021

Perdagangan satwa liar ilegal merupakan ancaman serius terhadap pelestarian satwa liar di Indonesia. Kukang adalah salah satu primata yang paling banyak diperdagangkan baik di pasar tradisional dan pasar online (cyber market). Masuknya kukang di Appendix I dari Konvensi Perdagangan yang Terancam Punah (CITES), menurut IUCN kukang dikategorikan sebagai Terancam Kritis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, investigasi, literatur, wawancara berbagai pihak terkait perdagangan satwa liar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis kualitatif dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada aktivitas perdagangan spesies kukang liar yang terjadi di pasar hewan Plered. Motif pedagang dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi, fasilitas dan infrastruktur yang memadai, dan promosi oleh komunitas pecinta hewan melalui media sosial. Pola perdagangan satwa liar yang dilindungi melalui pemburu, pengepul, pedagang dan pembeli. Penegakan hukum di Indonesia tentang perdagangan satwa liar tercantum dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 7/1999 tentang Pelestarian Spesies Tanaman dan Satwa dan Undang-Undang No. 5 tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya serta Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan No. P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018 tentang Jenis Tumbuhan dan Satwa yang Dilindungi. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan oleh pemerintah yaitu pendekatan dan pengawasan pemerintah untuk mengendalikan pembelian hewan. Memperkuat pelaksanaan pengamanan peraturan dan penegakan hukum yang konsisten terhadap pelanggaran. Kata kunci: perdagangan satwa liar; kukang; hewan yang dilindungi; terancam punah
Keanekaragaman Tanaman Pangan Kehutanan Pada Lahan Agroforestri Di Desa Haurkuning Kecamatan Nusaherang Kabupaten Kuningan
Authors: Rudiansah Dian , Nurlaila Ai , Karyaningsih Ika 
Published: August 2021

Kebutuhan pangan terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun dan salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan produksi pangan adalah dengan mengolah lahan hutan yang berpotensi tanaman pangan dengan sistem agroforestri yang terdapat di Desa Haurkuning. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2018 dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman tanaman pangan kehutanan pada lahan agroforestri dan status budidayanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode wawancara kepada setiap petani agroforestri yang memiliki luas 0,25 ha dengan cara random sampling. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan: 35 / Kementerian Kehutanan-II / 2007 di Desa Haurkuning terdapat 19 jenis tanaman pangan yang terdiri dari 5 jenis tanaman sebagai sumber karbohidrat, 13 jenis tanaman penghasil buah dan 2 penghasil minyak lemak. 60% dari tanaman pangan ini dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat, yang meliputi penyiapan benih, penanaman, pemeliharaan, dan panen. Kata Kunci: Agroforestri; Status Budidaya; Keanekaragaman; Desa Haurkuning
System Balance Index as an Indicator of the Russian Gas Industry’s Sustainable Growth
Authors: Kleiner G. B. , Rybachuk M. A. , Steblyanskaya A. N. 
Published: August 2021

The paper examines an approach to developing a strategy for the Russian gas industry’s sustainable growth based on the system economic theory’s methodology. The aim of the study is to evaluate the current state of the industry by calculating sustainable growth indices. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) reveals a deep relationship between sustainable growth indices and Return on equity ( ROE ), Lambert Energy Index ( LEI ), Return on environmental investments (ROEenv ), and Return on social investments (ROEsr ). The system balance index ( SBI ) is calculated, which expresses the intensity of links between the financial, energy, environmental and social subsystems of the gas industry. The results show that the Russian gas industry companies are characterized by a low level of ROEenv or ROEsr , negatively affecting the SBI value. The authors conclude the importance of environmental protection and social responsibility for achieving sustainable industry growth should not be underestimated. This circumstance should be taken into account when setting strategic goals for companies in the gas industry. According to the authors, applying system economic theory to achieve sustainable growth goals has huge potential to overcome economic phenomena and improve company management practices.
An assessment of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University for improving the research capacity
Authors: Rayna Shahrin Emdad , Khalequzzaman Md , Khan Fahmida Afroz , Rahman K M Thouhidur , Mehnaz Novera , Jahan Nusrat , Hakim Ferdous , Zaman M Mostafa , Islam Syed Shariful 
Published: August 2021

Background Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) is a postgraduate medical university in Bangladesh, where health research is an institutional mission. To improve the institutional research culture that contributes to better research capabilities, an assessment of BSMMU’s research output, challenges faced while conducting research, feasible actions to overcome them, and indicators for evaluating the research capacity were identified. Methods Published manuscripts from BSMMU for the year 2018, registered with PubMed and BanglaJOL, were reviewed to assess the status of research output. Key informant interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted with various members of the academic departments, central library, institutional review board and University journals, to identify research-related challenges, strategies to overcome, and indicators to evaluate the research capacity. Results In 2018, the total number of scientific articles published was 364, among which 68.4% of the articles were published in local journals and 31.6% in international journals. Journals published by the University lacked indexation into international medical databases and had no impact factor. The majority of the interviewees mentioned about the lack of dedicated time for research, prioritized research agendas and need for research-related trainings to improve research performance as challenges. Establishing policies for research support, development of University’s research infrastructure and better mechanisms to disseminate research findings, were identified as key opportunities for improvement. For future evaluation of research capacity strengthening, individual levels indicators (publication outputs, research grants, awards, number of collaborations) were emphasized. Conclusions Preference for publishing in the local journals was observed rather than in international peer-reviewed journals. The key challenges for undertaking research included the absence of dedicated time and trainings for skill development. Publication outputs, research grants, awards, number of collaborations were identified as notable indicators for evaluating improvements in research capacity at an individual level. Establishing policies and guidelines for research support, along with the development of appropriate research infrastructure in the University, will enable it to guide national policies and programs.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematika Siswa
Authors: Astuti Ayu , Fitriyani Harina 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek siswa kelas X Lukis 1 SMK N 3 Kasihan Bantul tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri atas dua pertemuan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman observasi dan tes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas X Lukis 1 SMK N 3 Kasihan Bantul tahun ajaran 2017/2018 mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II setelah dilaksanakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan setiap aspek kemampuan berpikir kritis serta nilai rata-rata kelas. Aspek memberi penjelasan sederhana yang dimiliki oleh siswa adalah 73,33% (sedang) menjadi 90,00% (sangat tinggi), aspek membangun kemampuan dasar yang dimiliki oleh siswa adalah 47,73% (sangat rendah) menjadi 63,33% (sedang), aspek memberi penjelasan lanjut yang dimiliki oleh siswa adalah 62,00% (rendah) menjadi 72,00% (sedang), aspek strategi dan taktik yang dimiliki oleh siswa adalah 67,33% (sedang) menjadi 86,00% (tinggi) dan aspek menyimpulkan yang dimiliki oleh siswa adalah 62,00% (rendah) menjadi 68,00% (sedang) pada kondisi akhir. Sedangkan untuk nilai rata-rata kelas dari kondisi awal adalah 62,48% (rendah) menjadi 77,07% (sedang) pada kondisi akhir. Kata kunci: Peningkatan, Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah, Berpikir Kritis
Penerapan Strategi REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, and Transferring) terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Kelas IV SD
Authors: Sukma Melati Aini , Yandari Indhira Asih Vivi , Alamsyah Trian Pamungkas 
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi bahwa pembelajaran matematika di sekolah belum memberikan ruang pada siswa untuk mengembangkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis sehingga siswa tidak terlibat aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan strategi REACT dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Populasi yang diteliti adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN Sempu 2 Kota Serang. Sedangkan sampelnya menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kelas IV B sebagai kelas eksperimen dan IV A sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen tes dan non tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang menggunakan strategi REACT dengan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang menggunakan strategi Cooperative Learning dan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang menggunakan strategi REACT lebih baik daripada kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa yang menggunakan strategi Cooperative Learning.
Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Metakognisi dan Prokrastinasi Akademik
Authors: Ikhsan Shevi , Ibrahim  
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan metakognisi dan prokrastinasi akademik terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MAN 4 Bantul pada kelas XI tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Subjek sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 38 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa skala kemampuan metakognisi dan skala prokrastinasi akademik, serta tes hasil belajar matematika. Tes hasil belajar matematika yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar matematika pada penilaian akhir semester (PAS). Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi ganda didahukui dengan melakukan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan: 1) adanya pengaruh positif secara signifikan kemampuan metakognisi terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa; 2) adanya pengaruh negatif secara signifikan prokrastinasi akademik terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa; 3) adanya pengaruh signifikan kemampuan metakognisi dan prokrastinasi akademik secara bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa.