bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of arterial catheter use and related complications in dogs and cats in an intensive care unit
Authors: Hagley Matthew J. , Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify characteristics of arterial catheter use, including indwelling times and reasons for removal, and analyze potential risk factors for complications based on patient‐ and catheter‐related variables.DesignProspective clinical study from July 2012 to September 2016.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsOne hundred ninety‐eight dogs and 29 cats with an arterial catheter monitored in the ICU.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsA questionnaire was used to obtain patient and catheter information for arterial catheters monitored in the ICU during the study period. Two hundred twenty‐seven catheters met the inclusion criteria. Most catheters were placed in the dorsal metatarsal artery in dogs (90.4%) and either the dorsal metatarsal artery (51.7%) or coccygeal artery (48.3%) in cats. Weights ranged from 1.5 to 64 kg in dogs and 0.77 to 8.7 kg in cats. The median indwelling time was 24 hours for dogs and 12 hours for cats. Minor complications occurred in 19.2% of catheters in dogs and 17.2% of those in cats with removal of catheter due to complications in 13 of 198 (6.6%) for dogs and 2 of 29 (6.9%) for cats. There was no association between the incidence of complications and patient weight, catheter indwelling time, species, insertion site, catheter size, or level of consciousness during placement. There was also no association between the method of catheter maintenance (intermittent flushing or continuous pressure transducer) and the failure of a catheter to aspirate or flush.ConclusionsArterial catheter‐related complications were relatively frequent, but most complications were minor and did not justify removal of the catheter. This suggests that the use of arterial catheters in both species is relatively safe. However, further research is needed to assess complications related to longer catheter indwelling times, particularly in cats.
An Experimental Investigation of the Governing Properties in a Vortex Tube
Authors: Fuqua Matthew N. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although awareness of the phenomenon of temperature separation in Ranque-Hilsch vortex tubes dates back at least nine decades, some mystery surrounding the phenomenon remains to this day. These devices split an incoming stream of fluid into two streams—one with a greater total temperature than the incoming fluid and the other with a lower total temperature. This temperature separation is accomplished with no moving parts and no external sources of energy including heat transfer to or from the device. In attempts to understand the physics of the temperature separation, previous researchers have characterized the effect through various inlet temperatures and pressures as well as various gases with different properties. Unfortunately, the findings documented in the literature are sometimes inconsistent indicating the possibility that previously uncontrolled properties and flow conditions govern temperature separation to an unappreciated degree. In the present research, two new flow characteristics are examined for their role in temperature separation—volumetric heat capacity, ρCp, and nozzle velocity. In the present experiments with air, it was found that by matching nozzle velocity and ρCp—even with disparate pressures, temperatures, Reynolds numbers, and Mach numbers—the resulting temperature separation curves are identical. This is the first known documentation of such a finding. The results suggest that nozzle velocity is fundamental to scaling the performance of a vortex tube, while the nozzle volumetric heat capacity is also relevant to its behavior.
Preliminary Study of the Superlubricity Behavior of Polyimide-Induced Liquid Crystal Alignment
Authors: Gao Xinlei , Chen Hao , Lv Sichao , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Tingting 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We have studied the friction behavior based on liquid crystal (LC) alignment of a unique tribological system composed of a nematic LC and polyimide (PI). The LC was used as a lubricant and a tribological factor with molecular alignment ability. PI was used as both a rubbing pair part and a LC alignment agent. The LCs used as lubricants included the single LC 5CB and the mixed LCs 5CB–2UTPP3 and 3PEP5–3UTPP4. The PI used as the friction pair was 6FDA-ODA PI, and its counterpart was GCr15 steel. For this system, it was found that under the premise that the nematic phase temperature range of the selected LC meets the operating temperature of the friction test at a suitable ambient temperature, the operating speed and load are controlled to maintain a stable lubricating film thickness between the friction pairs during operation of the system. Moreover, by avoiding excessive or insufficient friction heat generated by the running speed being too high or too low to change the phase state of the LC, with the anchoring energy between the PI and the LC, the LC molecules will align in the rubbing direction, that is, they will arrange parallel to each other along the grooves, which can contribute to achieve superlubricity behavior.
Thinking about the 2020 SIGCAS membership survey
Authors: Schuler Douglas 
Published: June 2021

Last November (2020) the SIGCAS executive board conducted a survey of SIGCAS members to get a picture of who we are, where we come from, what we're interested in, and what the membership would like to see the board do to better fulfill its mission. Based on discussions with the executive board, SIGCAS Vice Chair Lisa Kaczmarczyk implemented the survey using Survey Monkey. As with all surveys one can't get all the information one would like and the more information one tries to obtain, the fewer people are likely to supply it. We settled on eight questions and we received input from 68 people, about 23% of our membership (then just under 300 people---now slightly over).
What follows is a presentation of the survey results along with some commentary. How I interpret the data and what I think ought to (or could) be done with the data might not be how you'd interpret the data and think about what ought to be done. And that's a good discussion to have! At any rate, the responses that we've received represent a valuable part of our collective intelligence, consciousness, and visions for the future. The hope is that these will inform out work going forward.
Please note that I'm not doing any professional analysis since I'm not qualified to do that. I also suspect that the wisdom we can glean wouldn't be found via additional number crunching. And I would also add that there are dangers to reading too much into survey data. As a precaution I have asked the other board members to take a look at this article so I don't get anything terribly wrong.
Just a reminder that the data we have doesn't necessarily reflect the totality of what our entire membership would provide. (Although, as one somewhat validating figure, the percentage of people outside of North America on our roster is about the same as the percentage of people who told us they were from outside North America on the survey, 72%.) Also, I'm trying to avoid the temptation to comment on everything. There's too much material for that. And, obviously, there are too many suggestions and ideas out there for SIGCAS to move on all of them. But based on these responses a multitude of useful information is now available and it should help lead us into productive discussions and actions.
Evolution and Mass Loss of Cool Aging Stars: A Daedalean Story
Authors: Decin Leen 
Published: June 2021

A multitude of phenomena—such as the chemical enrichment of the Universe, the mass spectrum of planetary nebulae, white dwarfs and gravitational wave progenitors, the frequency distribution of supernovae, the fate of exoplanets, etc.—are highly regulated by the amounts of mass that stars expel through a powerful wind. For more than half a century, these winds of cool aging stars have been interpreted within the common interpretive framework of 1D models. I here discuss how that framework now appears to be highly problematic. ▪  Current 1D mass-loss rate formulae differ by orders of magnitude, rendering contemporary stellar evolution predictions highly uncertain. These stellar winds harbor 3D complexities that bridge 23 orders of magnitude in scale, ranging from the nanometer up to thousands of astronomical units. We need to embrace and understand these 3D spatial realities if we aim to quantify mass loss and assess its effect on stellar evolution. We therefore need to gauge the following: ▪  The 3D life of molecules and solid-state aggregates: The gas-phase clusters that form the first dust seeds are not yet identified. This limits our ability to predict mass-loss rates using a self-consistent approach. ▪  The emergence of 3D clumps: They contribute in a nonnegligible way to the mass loss, although they seem of limited importance for the wind-driving mechanism. ▪  The 3D lasting impact of a (hidden) companion: Unrecognized binary interaction has biased previous mass-loss rate estimates toward values that are too large. Only then will it be possible to drastically improve our predictive power of the evolutionary path in 4D (classical) spacetime of any star.
Pulseless Electrical Activity as the Initial Cardiac Arrest Rhythm: Importance of Preexisting Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Ambinder Daniel I. , Patil Kaustubha D. , Kadioglu Hikmet , Wetstein Pace S. , Tunin Richard S. , Fink Sarah J. , Tao Susumu , Agnetti Giulio , Halperin Henry R. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is a common initial rhythm in cardiac arrest. A substantial number of PEA arrests are caused by coronary ischemia in the setting of acute coronary occlusion, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. We hypothesized that the initial rhythm in patients with acute coronary occlusion is more likely to be PEA than ventricular fibrillation in those with prearrest severe left ventricular dysfunction.

Methods and Results
We studied the initial cardiac arrest rhythm induced by acute left anterior descending coronary occlusion in swine without and with preexisting severe left ventricular dysfunction induced by prior infarcts in non–left anterior descending coronary territories. Balloon occlusion resulted in ventricular fibrillation in 18 of 34 naïve animals, occurring 23.5±9.0 minutes following occlusion, and PEA in 1 animal. However, all 18 animals with severe prearrest left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 15±5%) developed PEA 1.7±1.1 minutes after occlusion.

Conclusions
Acute coronary ischemia in the setting of severe left ventricular dysfunction produces PEA because of acute pump failure, which occurs almost immediately after coronary occlusion. After the onset of coronary ischemia, PEA occurred significantly earlier than ventricular fibrillation (<2 minutes versus 20 minutes). These findings support the notion that patients with baseline left ventricular dysfunction and suspected coronary disease who develop PEA should be evaluated for acute coronary occlusion.
Cardiac Morphology, Function, and Hemodynamics in Patients With Morbid Obesity and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Styczynski Grzegorz , Kalinowski Piotr , Michałowski Łukasz , Paluszkiewicz Rafał , Ziarkiewicz‐Wróblewska Bogna , Zieniewicz Krzysztof , Tataj Emanuel , Rabczenko Daniel , Szmigielski Cezary A. , Sinski Maciej 
Published: June 2021

Background
The patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrate an increased cardiovascular risk. The adverse influence of liver abnormalities on cardiac function are among many postulated mechanisms behind this association. The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiac morphology and function in patients with morbid obesity referred for bariatric surgery with liver biopsy.

Methods and Results

We evaluated with echocardiography 171 consecutive patients without known cardiac disease (median age 42 [interquartile range, 37–48] years, median body mass index 43.7 [interquartile range, 41.0–47.5], 67% female patients. Based on the liver biopsy results, there were 44 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 69 patients with isolated steatosis, and 58 patients without steatosis. Patients with NASH demonstrated signs of left ventricular concentric remodeling and hyperdynamic circulation, including indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter [cm/m
2
]: NASH 1.87 [0.22]; isolated steatosis 2.03 [0.33]; without steatosis 2.01 [0.19],
P
=0.001; relative wall thickness: NASH 0.49±0.05, isolated steatosis 0.47±0.06, without steatosis 0.46±0.06,
P
=0.011; cardiac index [L/m
2
]: NASH 3.05±0.54, isolated steatosis 2.80±0.44, without steatosis 2.79±0.50,
P
=0.013. After adjustment for sex, age, blood pressure, and heart rate, most of the measures of the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, left atrial size, right ventricular function, and right ventricular size did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
In a group of patients with extreme obesity, NASH was associated with left ventricular concentric remodeling and hyperdynamic circulation. Increased cardiac output in NASH may represent an additional risk factor for incident cardiovascular events in this population.
Gleditsia saxatilis (Fabaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: LU ZHAO-CEN , HUANG ZHANG-PING , YANG PING , HUANG YU-SONG , LIU YAN 
Published: June 2021

Gleditsia saxatilis Z.C.Lu, Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu, a new species was found from limestone areas of Guangxi, China. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses showed that G. saxatilis is similar to G. sinensis, but differs by its habit indeciduous, winter buds globose or subglobose, apex round, petiolules glabrescent to glabrous, leaflets 2–4 pairs, leathery, both sides glabrous, racemes shorter, 2.5–7 cm long, ovary glabrous, legume slightly falcate, stipe 3–8 mm long.
School-Based Nutrition Programs for Adolescents in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Situation Analysis
Authors: Rector Colette , Afifa Nadhira Nuraini , Gupta Varun , Ismail Abbas , Mosha Dominic , Katalambula Leonard K. , Vuai Said , Young Tara , Hemler Elena C. , Wang Dongqing , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Tanzania has a double burden of malnutrition, including a high prevalence of undernutrition and an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Schools present a valuable opportunity to reach a large section of the country’s adolescent population with nutrition-oriented interventions. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the current state of adolescent school nutrition interventions in Dodoma, Tanzania, with emphasis on 3 potential school-based nutrition interventions, school vegetable gardens, school meals, and education (on nutrition, agriculture, and water, sanitation, and hygiene). Methods: Focus group discussions were conducted with several regional and district-level governmental stakeholders, including health, education, and agricultural officers. Ten public secondary schools were visited, and interviews with school administrators, teachers, students, and parents were conducted. Results: All stakeholders interviewed supported interventions to improve school-based nutrition, including school gardens, school feeding, and nutrition education. All 10 schools visited had some experience providing school meals, but parents’ contributions were essential for the program’s sustainability. Most schools visited had land available for a school garden program, but water availability could be challenging during certain times of the year. The teachers interviewed expressed that the curriculum on nutrition education was highly theoretical and did not allow students to practice the knowledge and skills they learned in the classroom. Conclusions: The current school-based approach to tackling the double burden of adolescent malnutrition in Dodoma is localized and ad hoc. To leverage the potential of schools as a platform for nutrition interventions, integrated and policy-mandated interventions are needed.
Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Routine Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and the Value of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients Diagnosed With Oestrogen Receptor Positive, Clinically Node Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Davey Matthew G , Ryan Éanna J , Burke Daniel , McKevitt Kevin , McAnena Peter F , Kerin Michael J , Lowery Aoife J 
Published: June 2021

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) provides staging information and guides adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer (EBC). Routine SLNB in oncogeriatricians with low-risk EBC remains controversial. Aims: To evaluate axillary management in elderly patients diagnosed with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+), clinically lymph node negative (cLN−) EBC, and to assess whether SLNB affects further axillary management or adjuvant chemotherapy (ACTX) decision making. Methods: Female patients aged > 65 years, diagnosed with ER+, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative (HER2−), and cLN− breast cancer (BC), who underwent surgery and SLNB were included. Clinicopathological predictors of ACTX and completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) were determined. Kaplan-Meier analyses assessed survival outcomes. Results: A total of 253 patients were included (median age: 72 years, range: 66-90), all underwent SLNB; 50 (19.8%) had lymphatic metastasis on SLNB (SLNB+). Of these, 19 proceeded to CALND (38.0%), 10 (52.6%) of whom had further axillary disease (ALND+). 20 of the 50 SLNB+ patients received ACTX (40.0%) as did 31 of the 203 SLNB− patients (15.2%) ( P < .001). Oncotype DX (ODX) testing was utilized in 82 cases (32.8%). Younger age ( P < .001), SLNB+ ( P < .001) and ODX score ( P = .003) were all associated with ACTX prescription. ODX > 25 (OR: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.38-13.80, P = .012) independently predicted receiving ACTX. Receiving ACTX and proceeding to CALND did not improve disease-free ( P = .485 and P = .345) or overall survival ( P = .981 and P = .646). Conclusions: Routine SNLB may not be necessary in elderly patients diagnosed with ER+, cLN− EBC. Future oncogeriatric practice is likely to see genomic testing guiding ACTX prescription in this group.
Impact of a manager-oriented intervention on occupational exposures and well-being among pregnant hospital and day-care employees: A cluster randomised trial
Authors: Begtrup Luise Mølenberg , Brauer Charlotte , Jensen Johan Høy , Søgaard Tøttenborg Sandra , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Hammer Paula Edeusa Cristina , Malmros Per Åkesson , Bonde Jens Peter Ellekilde 
Published: June 2021

Background: Pregnancy can make it difficult to cope with demands at work and may affect women’s well-being. We investigated if a manager-targeted educational intervention reduced demanding occupational exposures and improved the psychosocial work environment and well-being among pregnant employees. Methods: Data came from a cluster randomised trial in Danish hospitals and day-care institutions. Work units were assigned randomly and were non-blinded to the intervention, where managers were either invited to participate in a three-hour seminar addressing job adjustment in pregnancy or assigned to a control group undertaking their usual practice. Self-reported outcomes by pregnant employees at the work units were the proportion of pregnant employees with demanding occupational exposures, good psychosocial work environment and good well-being. Mixed logistic regression was applied in the population of responders and in intention-to-treat analyses using multiple imputations. Results: We included 915 pregnant employees: 451 in the intervention group and 464 in the control group. Of 216 invited managers, 103 (48%) participated in the seminar. A total of 339 (37%) pregnant employees answered the questionnaire. The proportion of pregnant employees who had demanding occupational exposures, good psychosocial work environment and good well-being in the intervention versus the control group were 36% versus 39% (odds ratio (OR)=0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–1.44), 56% versus 59% (OR=1.01, 95% CI 0.60–1.71) and 77% versus 73% (OR=1.13, 95% CI 0.68–1.87), respectively. Conclusions: This manager-targeted educational intervention did not reduce demanding occupational exposures and did not improve the psychosocial work environment or the well-being among pregnant employees in hospital and day-care settings. Comprehensive and participatory interventions may be considered in future studies.
Data from national health registers as endpoints for the Tromsø Study: Correctness and completeness of stroke diagnoses
Authors: Varmdal Torunn , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Wilsgaard Tom , Njølstad Inger , Nyrnes Audhild , Grimsgaard Sameline , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To assess whether stroke diagnoses in national health registers are sufficiently correct and complete to replace manual collection of endpoint data for the Tromsø Study, a population-based epidemiological study. Method: Using the Tromsø Study Cardiovascular Disease Register for 2013–2014 as the gold standard, we calculated correctness (defined as positive predictive value, PPV) and completeness (defined as sensitivity) of stroke cases in four different data subsets derived from the Norwegian Patient Register and the Norwegian Stroke Register. We calculated the sensitivity and PPV with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assuming a normal approximation of the binomial distribution. Results: In the Norwegian Stroke Register we found a sensitivity of 79.8% (95% CI 74.2–85.4) and a PPV of 97.5% (95% CI 95.1–99.9). In the Norwegian Patient Register the sensitivity was 86.4% (95% CI 81.6–91.1) and the PPV was 84.2% (95% CI 79.2–89.2). The overall highest levels were found in a subset based on a linkage between the Norwegian Stroke Register and the Norwegian Patient Register, with a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% CI 84.5–93.3), and a PPV of 89.3% (95% CI 85.0–93.6). Conclusions: Data from the Norwegian Patient Register and from the linked data set between the Norwegian Patient Register and the Norwegian Stroke Register had acceptable levels of correctness and completeness to be considered as endpoint sources for the Tromsø Study Cardiovascular Disease Register. The benefits of using data from national registers as endpoints in epidemiological studies must be weighed against the impact of potentially decreased data quality.
Study on dynamic characteristics of leaf spring system in vibration screen
Authors: Zhou Jiacheng , Hu Chao , Wang Ziqiu , Ren Zhengfa , Wang Xiaoyu , Mao Kuanmin 
Published: June 2021

By studying dynamic characteristics of the leaf spring system, a new elastic component is designed to reduce the working load and to a certain extent to ensure the linearity as well as increase the amplitude in the vertical and horizontal directions in vibration screen. The modal parameters, amplitudes, and amplification factors of the leaf spring system are studied by simulation and experiment. The modal results show that the leaf spring system vibrates in horizontal and vertical directions in first and second mode shapes, respectively. It is conducive to loosening and moving the particles on the vibration screen. In addition, it is found that the maximum amplitude and amplification factor in the horizontal direction appear at 300 r/min (5 Hz) while those in the vertical direction appear at 480 r/min (8 Hz), which are higher than those in the disc spring system. Moreover, the amplitude of the leaf spring system increases proportionally with the increase of exciting force while the amplification factors are basically the same under different exciting forces, indicating the good linearity of the leaf spring system. Furthermore, the minimum exciting force occurs in the leaf spring system under the same amplitude by comparing the exciting force among different elastic components. The above works can provide guidance for the industrial production in vibration screen.