bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-pot synthesis of high-capacity silicon-lithium anodes via on-copper growth of a semi-conducting, porous polymer
Authors: Bojdys Michael , Huang Jieyang , Urbanski Anna , Martin Andréa , Kulkarni Ranjit , Amsalem Patrick , Exner Moritz , Müller Johannes , Burmeister David , Koch Norbert , Pinna Nicola , Uhlmann Petra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Silicon-based anodes with lithium ions as charge carriers have the highest predicted charge density of 3579 mA h g-1 (for Li15Si4) while being comparatively safe. Contemporary electrodes do not achieve these theoretical values largely because production paradigms remained unchanged since their inception and rely on the mixing of weakly coordinated, multiple components. In this paper, we present the one-pot synthesis of high-performance anodes that reach the theoretical capacity of the fully lithiated state of silicon. Here, a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network is grown around silicon nanoparticles directly on the current collector, a copper sheet. The current collector (Cu) acts as the catalyst for the formation of a semi-conductive triazine-based graphdiyne polymer network that grows around the inorganic, active material (Si). In comparison to established electrode assemblies, this process (i) omits any steps related to curing, drying, and annealing, (ii) does away with binders and conductivity-enhancing additives that decrease volumetric and gravimetric capacity, and (iii) cancels out the detrimental effects on performance, chemical and physical stability of conventional, three-component anodes (Si, binder, carbon black). This is because, the porous, semi-conducting organic framework (i) adheres to the current collector on which it grows via cooperative van der Waals interactions, (ii) acts effectively as conductor for electrical charges and binder of silicon nanoparticles via conjugated, covalent bonds, and (iii) enables selective transport of mass and charge-carriers (electrolyte and Li-ions) through pores of defined size. As a result, the anode shows extraordinarily high capacity at the theoretical limit of fully lithiated silicon, excellent performances in terms of cycling (exceeding 70% capacity retention after 100 cycles), and high mechanical and thermal stability. These high-performance anodes pave the way for use in flexible, wearable electronics and in environmentally demanding applications.
Distribution of Oil, Grease and Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Coastal Water and Sediments of Suez Bay
Authors: Elmorsi Randa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Permanganate index (PI), oil and grease (O&G) and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were tested in 13 sites of surface sediment and water samples collected from the western coast of Suez Bay (SB). PI and O&G in the SB coastal seawater ranged from 9.6 mg O2 L− 1 and 17.0 mg L− 1 to 16.0 mg O2 L− 1 and 37.0 mg L− 1, respectively. Petroleum aromatic hydrocarbon levels of water and sediment in the area offshore of SB have been determined by Gas Chromatography. The concentration ranged from 0.574 to 16873.2 ng g− 1 in sediment and 0.502 to 43.540 ng L− 1 in water. The observed data were compared with values reported in the literature. The possible source of pollution was also identified by using gas chromatographic analysis of the samples.
Event-Triggered Fixed-Time Control for Steer-by-Wire Systems With Prespecified Tracking Performance
Authors: Ma Bingxin , Luo Gang , Wang Yongfu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the event-triggered output feedback control problem for (steer-by-wire) SbW systems with uncertain nonlinearity and time-varying disturbance. First, a new framework of event-triggered control systems is proposed to eliminate the jumping phenomenon of event-based control input, and the trade-off between saving communication resources and attenuating jumping phenomenon can be removed. Then, the adaptive disturbance observer and fuzzy-based state observer are developed to estimate the external disturbanceand unavailable state of augmented SbW systems, respectively. Third, an event-triggered fixed-time control is developed for SbW systems to achieve prespecified tracking accuracy while saving communication resources of the controller area network (CAN). Furthermore, theoretical analysis based on Lyapunov stability theory is provided to verify the tracking error of SbW systems can converge to the prespecified neighborhood of the origin in fixed time regardless of the initial tracking error. Finally, simulations and experiments are given to evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods.
Neuroinflammation-Induced Parvalbumin Interneuron and Oscillation Deficits Might Contribute to Neurobehavioral Abnormities in a Two-Hit Model of Depression
Authors: Wang Fei , Tong Jianhua , Gao Yuzhu , Wang Shixu , Ji Muhuo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that causes profound disability worldwide, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a two-hit model of depression on glial activation, parvalbumin (PV) interneuron, oscillation activity, and behavior alternations, and whether chronic fluoxetine treatment can reverse these abnormalities. Methods: Male mice were submitted to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, followed by a modified chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol. Results: In our study, we showed that mice exposed to LPS and CUS exhibited reduced body weight, anhedonic-like behavior as well as cognitive and anxiety symptoms. These behavioral alternations were related to enhanced neuroinflammation, as reflected by significantly increased IL-1β and IL-6 levels and microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In addition, mice exposed to LPS and CUS displayed significantly decreased PV expression and disturbance of theta and gamma oscillations in the PFC. However, chronic fluoxetine treatment reversed most of these abnormalities. Conclusion: Our study of this two-hit model of depression is clinically relevant and suggests the combination of different etiological and pathophysiological components of depression may provide with a more translational value.
25-hydroxyvitamin D effect on cancer colon: Is visceral obesity the link?
Authors: Aboelnaga Mohamed M. , Aboelnaga Engy Mossad , Nahed Abdullah , Shaer Mostafa El 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: low 25-hydroxyvitamin have been identified in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) with survival affection. Visceral fat tissue predisposes to chronic inflammation and release of growth factors that mediate colonic neoplasia.Aim of the work: to evaluate effect of vitamin D status and visceral obesity on cancer colon and to report the possible link between vitamin D and visceral obesity in those patients. Patients & Methods: Our patients were distributed in two groups; group 1 included cancer colon cases (no= 60) and 2nd group included control cases (no= 40). Clinical, anthropometric and pathological data were collected. Calculation of body mass index, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and detection of Vitamin D (25 OHD) serum level were performed to compare between groups. Results: There were significant differences in VAI and level of 25 OHD between both groups(P=0.011). We found significant higher prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in patient’ group [32 (53.3%) versus control group 13 (32.5%)]. There was a significant lower mean of VAI in vitamin D deficient patients versus non deficient cases (P=0.024). A significant different means of VAI and Vitamin D in patients’ group with different TNM stages. As higher stages associated with lower level of Vitamin D (P=0.027) and higher VAI (P=0.031)Conclusion: The vitamin D may augment the inflammatory status in visceral obesity which reported to be involved in tumourgenesis of cancer colon. Vitamin D deficiency may be a mediator between obesity and cancer and associated with higher tumour stage.
Adaptive Deep Learning for Time-Varying Systems With Hidden Parameters: Predicting Changing Input Beam Distributions of Compact Particle Accelerators
Authors: Scheinker Alexander , Cropp Frederick , Paiagua Sergio , Filippetto Daniele 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) tools are able to learn relationships between the inputs and outputs of large complex systems directly from data. However for time-varying systems, the predictive capabilities of ML tools degrade if the systems are no longer accurately represented by the data with which the ML models were trained. For complex systems, re-training is only possible if the changes are slow relative to the rate at which large numbers of new input-output training data can be non-invasively recorded. In this work, we present an approach to deep learning for time-varying systems which does not require re-training. Our approach is to include adaptive feedback in the architecture of deep generative convolutional neural networks (CNN). The feedback is based only on available system output measurements and is applied in the encoded low-dimensional dense layers of the encoder-decoder CNNs. Our approach is inspired by biological systems in which separate groups of neurons interact and are controlled and synchronized by external feedbacks. We demonstrate this approach by developing an inverse model of a complex charged particle accelerator system, mapping output beam measurements to input beam distributions, while both the accelerator components and the unknown input beam distribution vary rapidly with time. We demonstrate our methods on experimental measurements of the input and output beam distributions of the HiRES ultra-fast electron diffraction (UED) beam line at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Our method can be successfully used to aid both physics and ML-based surrogate online models to provide non-invasive beam diagnostics. We also demonstrate our method for automatically tracking the time varying quantum efficiency map of a particle accelerator’s photocathode.
Ovarian Cancer Cell-Derived Exosomal miR-205 Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Ovarian Cancer Cell Metastasis By Activating The AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathway
Authors: He Liuqing , Chen Quan , Wu Di , Zhu Wei , Chen Qifeng , Wu Xiaoying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumour environment and are considered to be similar to M2 macrophages, which facilitate cancer progression. Exosomes, as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication, can alter the phenotype of TAMs by transferring microRNAs (miRNAs) that influence targets and signalling pathways. However, the exact mechanisms by which cancer-derived exosomal miRNAs facilitate the development and metastasis of ovarian cancer (OC) remain unclear.Methods: In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the relationship between miR-205 and CD163 in OC. Exosome labelling experiments and qRT-PCR were used to detect the transfer of miR-205 from OC cells to macrophages. The effects of exosomal miR-205-induced macrophages on OC cell migration, invasion and EMT were assessed by in vitro assays in a co-culture model. Western blotting and qRT-PCR experiments were performed to investigate the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in M2 macrophage polarization induced by exosomal miR-205. An in vivo mouse tumour model was used to evaluate the effects of M2 macrophages induced by exosomal miR-205.Results: We found that miR-205 expression levels were associated with M2 macrophage infiltration in patients with OC. miR-205 could be transported from OC cells to macrophages via exosomes and altered the macrophage phenotype. Moreover, macrophages that received exosomal miR-205 further enhanced the invasion, migration and EMT of OC cells. Decreased PTEN levels caused by exosomal miR-205 could increase the activation of AKT and mTOR as well as the expression of several immunosuppressive factors. In contrast, inhibition of miR-205 or restoration of PTEN effectively decreased cancer-mediated M2-type polarization, improving the infiltration of inflammatory factors in the tumour environment. Exosomal miR-205 derived from OC cells was found to induce M2-type polarization of macrophages and promote cancer progression in vivo.Conclusions: These results suggest a novel mechanism by which exosomal miR-205 induces M2 macrophage polarization and facilitates OC progression by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. Targeting exosomal miR-205 may offer a potential diagnosis and treatment strategy for OC.
Electrocatalytic Performance of NiNH2BDC MOF Based Composites with rGO For Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Yaqoob Lubna , Noor Tayyaba , Iqbal Naseem , Nasir Habib , Mumtaz Asad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Present work comprehensively investigated the electrochemical response of Nickel-2 Aminoterephthalic acid metal organic framework (NiNH2BDC) and its reduced graphitic carbon (rGO) based hybrids for methanol (CH3OH) oxidation reaction (MOR) in an alkaline environment. In thorough analysis of solvothermally synthesized Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and its reduced graphitic carbon based hybrids, functional groups detection was performed by FTIR, morphological study by SEM, crystal structure analysis via XRD, and elemental analysis through XPS while electrochemical testing was accomplished by chronoamperometry (CA), cyclic voltametric method (CV), electrochemically active surface area (EASA), Tafel slope (b), Electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS), mass activity, and roughness factor. Among all the fabricated composites, NiNH2BDC MOF/5 wt % rGO hybrid by possessing auspicious current density (j) of 267.7 mA / cm2 at 0.699 V (vs Hg/HgO), a Tafel slope value of 60.8 mV.dec-1, EASA value of 15.7 cm2, and by exhibiting resistance of 13.26 Ω in a 3 M CH3OH / 1M NaOH solution displays grander electrocatalytic activity as compared to state-of-the-art platinum-based electrocatalysts.
Diversity of Endo and Exo-Bacteria Associated With Fungi Isolated From Plant Rhizospheres: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lupini Simone , Nguyen Hang N. , III Demosthenes Morales , House Geoffrey L. , Paudel Sachin , Chain Patrick S.G. , Rodrigues Debora F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Over the past several years, the scientific community has described the diversity of microbial communities in a variety of soils associated with plants, but at present, little is known about the specific diversity of the soil fungal microbiome involving bacteria colonizing the surface of fungi (i.e., exo-bacteria) or existing within fungal hypha (i.e., endobacteria). This study aimed to collect, identify, and characterize several fungi and their associated (endo- and exo-) microbiome obtained from the rhizosphere of six different plants. Microcosm devices called fungal highway columns, containing one of four plant-based media as attractants, were placed in the rhizosphere of six different plants. The isolated fungi and their associated endo- and exo- bacteria were identified by sequencing of the ITS (fungi) or 16S (bacteria) rRNA regions, followed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging.Results: Most of the fungi recovered are known plant pathogens, such as Fusarium, Pleosporales, and Cladosporium together with species associated with the soil, e.g. Kalmusia. The exo-bacteria recovered were previously described as plant promoters, such as Bacillus, Rhizobium, Acinetobacter or Ensifer. The interactions between fungi and exo-bacteria recovered from fungal highway columns were further investigated via confrontation assays. From the reconstruction of the potential co-occurring bacterial-fungal associations in the rhizosphere, we discovered that the most promiscuous exo-bacterium group (associated with diverse fungi) was Bacillus. From the study of the endobacterial community, emerged a core of shared endosymbionts with a potential implication in the nitrogen cycle.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the importance of selecting and studying cultivable fungi and bacteria from the rhizosphere. Our findings demonstrated that at the rhizosphere level, the range of interactions between fungi and bacteria, both internal and external to the fungal hypha, could vary even among closely related species.
Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on the Organic Matter Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community of Grazing Simmental Heifers
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Chunjie , Huasai Simujide , Chen Aorigele 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In grazing systems, supplementation is an effective way to improve ruminant performance. Little is known regarding how concentrate supplementation affects rumen fermentation and the bacterial community of grazing animals in the grasslands of northern China. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of concentrate supplementation on the organic matter intake, rumen fermentation and bacterial community of grazing Simmental heifers. Twenty-four 7-month-old heifers were randomly divided into a supplement group and a control group (n = 12 per group). The control group heifers were grazed on a Leymus chinensis-based pasture without any supplementation (CON), while those in the supplement group (SUP) were grazed on the same grassland but received a concentrate supplement.Results: Compared with the CON heifers, those in the SUP group had a greater (P < 0.05) total organic matter (OM) intake and digestibility. However, heifers from the CON group had a higher (P < 0.05) herbage OM intake than those from the SUP group. The total VFA and NH3-N concentrations were significantly higher in the SUP group than in the CON group; of these, propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate were also significantly increased in the SUP group. Furthermore, the acetate/propionate ratio was significantly decreased in the SUP group. Compared with the CON heifers, those in the SUP group had a higher bacterial richness. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two predominant bacteria at the phylum level, representing 54.32% and 38.59% of all sequences, respectively. Compared with the CON animals, the SUP animals showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, but supplementation did not affect the relative abundance of other bacteria at the phylum level. At the genus level, different diet treatments had an important effect on the relative abundance of the major genera (Fig. 3C). The relative abundance of the genus Butyrivibrio was greater (p < 0.05) in the SUP group than in the CON group. The relative abundances of the genera Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-011 were higher (p < 0.05) in the CON group than in the SUP group.Conclusions: In conclusion, providing 1.28 kg of supplement (DM basis) is a nutritional management strategy that can be adopted to improve the rumen fermentation, organic matter intake and digestibility of grazing heifers. Furthermore, supplementation has significant effects on the microbial community in the rumen of heifers, which might contribute to the anatomic development of the rumen, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in grazing heifers.
The Differences Between Action of Inhaled Silica and Iron Nanoparticles in ApoE-knockout mice – Silica Nanoparticles Exacerbate Atherosclerosis Through Skewing Macrophage Polarization Towards M1 Phenotype
Authors: Stachyra Kamila , Wiśniewska Anna , Kiepura Anna , Kuś Katarzyna , Rolski Filip , Czepiel Klaudia , Chmura Łukasz , Majka Grzegorz , Surmiak Marcin , Suski Maciej , Olszanecki Rafał 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Exposure to airborne particulate matter, especially its organic part, is strongly related to the development of cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis. The role of inorganic part of air pollution in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of two substantial components of inorganic part of airborne particulate matter (SiO2 and Fe2O3) in atherosclerosis. To do this, we used apolipoprotein E-knockout mice exposed to silica (SiNPs) and ferric oxide (FeNPs) nanoparticles in a whole body inhalation chamber for 16 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first time when whole body exposure system was applied to examine the effects of silica and ferric oxide nanoparticles on atherosclerosis development in mouse model of atherosclerosis. Results: Inhaled silica nanoparticles augmented the atherosclerotic lesions and increased the percentage of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in both the plaque and the peritoneum in apoE-/- mice. Exposure to ferric oxide nanoparticles did not enhance atherogenesis process, however, it caused significant changes in the atherosclerotic plaque composition (elevated content of CD68-positive macrophages and enlarged necrotic core accompanied by the decreased level of M1 macrophages). Both silica and iron oxide NPs altered the phenotype of T lymphocytes in the spleen by promoting polarization towards Th17 cells. Conclusions: Exposure to silica and ferric oxide nanoparticles exerts differential impact on atherosclerosis development. Silica nanoparticles enhance atherosclerosis, which is associated with increased level of M1 macrophages, while ferric oxide nanoparticles alter atherosclerotic plaque composition without influencing the size of the lesions.