bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Combination Sulfuryl Fluoride and Propylene Oxide Treatment for Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Authors: Myers Scott W , Ghimire Mukti N , Arthur Frank H , Phillips Thomas W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, is an important quarantine pest of stored-products. While it is not established in the North America, frequent interceptions highlight the need for treatments to eradicate isolated populations if they occur. Methyl bromide has long been the standard fumigant used for this purpose; however, increasing restrictions on its use necessitate the development of new treatment options. Here we evaluate a treatment for khapra beetle using a combination of sulfuryl fluoride (SF) and propylene oxide (PPO). Experiments were conducted to determine the most tolerant stages and the effective rates for each compound. Combination treatments using both products were then evaluated at several temperatures to determine effective doses for quarantine level control. The egg stage was by far the most tolerant to SF, requiring concentration × time (CT) products roughly 10-fold greater than the next most tolerant stage, diapausing larvae. Diapausing larvae were significantly more tolerant to SF than non-diapausing larvae in a recently collected ‘field’ strain, but not in a more than 30-yr-old ‘laboratory’ culture. PPO treatments were shown to completely control the egg stage at CTs greater than 155 hr-mgL-1 at both 10 and 20°C. Resulting combination treatments with initial dose rates of 96 and 40 mgL-1 at 10°C and 80 and 40 mgL-1 at 20°C are proposed for SF and PPO, respectively. These combination treatments utilize SF’s efficacy against the larval stage along with PPO’s superior ovicidal properties to provide enhanced treatment efficacy over each product alone against all life stages of khapra beetle.
Causes and Expectations: On the Interpretation of the Tagalog Ability/Involuntary Action Form
Authors: Alonso-Ovalle Luis , Hsieh Henrison 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Tagalog Ability/Involuntary Action (aia) verbal form conveys apparently unrelated modal meanings: that an action was within what an agent could do or that it was beyond what an agent could control, for instance. Recent analyses for the Malagasy and St’át’imcets counterparts of this form propose that this morphology contributes circumstantial modality and conveys, roughly, that the event described follows from a set of facts ( Davis et al., 2009; Paul et al., 2016). We discuss some challenges for extending this type of analysis to Tagalog and present an alternative proposal. We follow previous analyses in assuming that the aia form projects its domain of possibilities from a set of facts, but depart from these analyses by proposing (i) that the modal component of the Tagalog aia form is non-at-issue and (ii) that it conveys, via a presupposition, that this event was not expected given the facts that the described event is taken to causally depend on.
Scoping Review on Menstrual Suppression Among U.S. Military Service Members
Authors: Phillips Angela K , Lynn Amy B 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically evaluate literature addressing menstrual suppression in the military population and to identify gaps in the literature.

Materials and Methods
A scoping review of the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines was completed. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Evidence Level and Quality Guide.

Results
Thirteen research articles and nine non-research articles were included. The themes identified were methods for menstrual suppression, barriers to menstrual suppression, and educational recommendations.

Conclusions
Six gaps were identified: (1) readiness, (2) single branch of service, (3) options for suppression, (4) hesitance to suppress, (5) provider practices, and (6) stagnant research. Recommendations for future research, practice, and military health policy are provided. Expanding research on menstrual suppression in U.S. military service members will enhance the health of military service members, provider practices, and military health policy to promote military readiness.
A Case of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Because ofRothia Mucilaginosa
Authors: Schermerhorn Janse T , Colantonio Donald F , Larson Derek T , McGill Robert J 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty. Identifying the offending infectious agent is essential to appropriate treatment, and uncommon pathogens often lead to a diagnostic delay. This case describes the first known instance of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with Rothia mucilaginosa, a typical respiratory tract organism. This report aims to provide insight into the treatment of this atypical PJI, as there are only six previously published cases of Rothia species PJI septic arthritis. The patient is a 64-year-old diabetic male who underwent a right TKA and left TKA ∼6 months later. Approximately 3 weeks status post-left TKA, he showed evidence of left PJI. One year after treatment and recovery from his left PJI, he presented with several months of right knee pain and fatigue. Subsequent labs and imaging revealed right PJI. No recent history of dental disease or work was observed. He then underwent two-stage revision right knee arthroplasty and microbial cultures yielded Rothia mucilaginosa. After initial empiric treatment, antibiotic therapy was narrowed to 6 weeks of vancomycin. Following negative aspiration cultures the patient underwent reimplantation of right TKA components. One year following treatment, the patient was fully recovered with no evidence of infection. This case emphasizes the possibility of microbial persistence despite various antibiotic treatment regimens for the patient’s contralateral knee arthroplasty and PJI. Additionally, this case demonstrates the importance of two-stage revision in patients with PJI, and the viability of treating Rothia species PJIs with vancomycin.
Parasite common envelope evolution by triple-star systems
Authors: Soker Noam , Bear Ealeal 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We study a scenario in which a giant wide tertiary star engulfs and forces a tight binary system of a white dwarf (WD) and a main-sequence (MS) star to enter a common envelope evolution (CEE) with each other, and then unbinds the WD–MS common envelope. The WD–MS binary system, now with the WD inside the MS envelope, does not have sufficient orbital energy to unbind their common envelope. However, as they approach the centre of the giant star Roche lobe overflow to the core of the giant star and/or merger of the WD with the core remove a large fraction of the WD–MS common envelope or all of it. Namely, the energy source for unbinding the WD–MS tight common envelope is the triple-star CEE. For that, we term this scenario a parasite CEE. Overall, the destruction of the MS star absorbs energy from the triple-star system, a process that might lead to WD–core merger during the triple-star CEE. The parasite CEE leaves behind either one massive WD that in some cases might explode as a peculiar Type Ia supernova or two close WDs that at later time might explode as a Type Ia supernova. We very crudely estimate the rate of the parasite CEE to be a fraction of ≈0.001 out of all evolved triple stars.
Force-free magnetic flux ropes: inner structure and basic properties
Authors: Solov'ev A A , Kirichek E A 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
There are two main properties of a shielded magnetic flux rope. The first is the net electric current through its cross-section should be zero, i.e. $I = 0$. The second is the existence of a non-zero pressure of external magnetic field ${{B_{ex}^2} {/ {\vphantom {{B_{ex}^2} {8\pi}}}} {8\pi }}$ in order to keep in balance the magnetic rope with the strong force-free inner structure in a rarefied solar atmosphere. The first condition requires the existence of a special cylindrical surface within the magnetic flux rope on which the current density j changes sign, so that the direction of the current at the rope’s periphery (return current) is opposite to the current at its axis (direct current). Numerical calculations have shown that, when the pressure ${{B_{ex}^2} {/ {\vphantom {{B_{ex}^2} {8\pi }}}} {8\pi }}$ drops to a certain limit, an indefinite increase in the electric current density j and the force-free parameter $\alpha $ takes place in the vicinity of this special surface resulting in a dissipative collapse of the system. Such a drop in ${{B_{ex}^2} {/ {\vphantom {{B_{ex}^2} {8\pi }}}} {8\pi }}$ may happen due to a multitude of reasons with the most obvious reason being the uprise of a magnetic flux rope into rarefied layers of the chromosphere or corona. Due to the dissipative collapse a violent energy release begins in a thin azimuthal shell at the periphery of the twisted magnetic flux tube. On the basis of these properties of the force-free magnetic flux rope, the problems of plasma instabilities excitation and coronal heating are discussed.
Break-up of the synchronous state of binary asteroid systems
Authors: Wang Hai-Shuo , Hou Xi-Yun 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper continues the authors’ previous work and presents a coplanar averaged ellipsoid–ellipsoid model of synchronous binary asteroid system (BAS) plus thermal and tidal effects. Using this model, we analyse the break-up mechanism of the synchronous BAS. Different from the classical spin-orbit coupling model that neglects the rotational motion’s influence on the orbital motion, our model considers simultaneously the orbital motion and the rotational motions. Our findings are as follows: (1) Stable region of the secondary’s synchronous state is mainly up to the secondary’s shape. The primary’s shape has little influence on it. (2) The stable region shrinks continuously with the increasing value of the secondary’s shape parameter aB/bB. Beyond the value of $a_B/b_B=\sqrt{2}$, the planar stable region for the secondary’s synchronous rotation is small but not zero. (3) Considering the BYORP torque, our model shows agreement with the 1-degree-of-freedom adiabatic invariance theory in the outwards migration process, but an obvious difference in the inwards migration process. In particular, our studies show that the so-called ‘long-term’ stable equilibrium between the BYORP torque and the tidal torque is never a real equilibrium state, although the BAS can be captured in this state for quite a long time. (4) In case that the primary’s angular velocity gradually reduces due to the YORP effect, the secondary’s synchronous state may be broken when the primary’s rotational motion crosses some major spin-orbit resonances.
Prior Statin Use and Risk of Mortality and Severe Disease From Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A , Chesdachai Supavit , Kashour Tarek , Riaz Muhammad , Gerberi Danielle J , Badley Andrew D , Berbari Elie F , Tleyjeh Imad M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Statins up-regulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while also exhibiting pleiotropic antiviral, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Uncertainties exist about their effect on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sought to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to examine the association between prior statin use and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
We searched Ovid Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and the preprint server medRxiv from inception to December 2020. We assessed the quality of eligible studies with the Newcastle-Ottawa quality scale. We pooled adjusted relative risk (aRRs) of the association between prior statin use and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model and assessed heterogeneity using the I2 index.

Results
Overall, 19 (16 cohorts and 3 case-control) studies were eligible, with a total of 395 513 patients. Sixteen of 19 studies had low or moderate risk of bias. Among 109 080 patients enrolled in 13 separate studies, prior statin use was associated with a lower risk of mortality (pooled aRR, 0.65 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .56–.77], I2 = 84.1%) and a reduced risk of severe COVID-19 was also observed in 48 110 patients enrolled in 9 studies (pooled aRR, 0.73 [95% CI, .57–.94], I2 = 82.8%), with no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions
Cumulative evidence suggests that prior statin use is associated with lower risks of mortality or severe disease in patients with COVID-19. These data support the continued use of statins medications in patients with an indication for lipid-lowering therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Investigating the effects of a novel rumen-protected folic acid supplement on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers
Authors: Deters Erin L , Niedermayer Emma K , Genther-Schroeder Olivia N , Blank Christopher P , Carmichael Remy N , Hartman Sarah J , Messersmith Elizabeth M , VanValin Katherine R , Branine Mark E , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Angus-crossbred steers (n = 180; 292 ± 18 kg) from a single ranch were used to investigate the effects of a novel rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) supplement on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. On d 0, steers were blocked by body weight to pens (5 steers/pen), and pens within a block were randomly assigned to dietary treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): target intake of 0 (CON), 30 (RPFA-30), 60 (RPFA-60), 90 (RPFA-90), 120 (RPFA-120), or 150 (RPFA-150) mg RPFA·steer−1·d−1. Steers were weighed before feeding on d −1, 0, 55, 56, 86, 87, 181, and 182. Pen average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and gain:feed (G:F) were calculated for growing (d 0 to 56), dietary transition (d 56 to 87), finishing (d 87 to 182), and overall (d 0 to 182). Liver and blood samples were collected from two steers/pen before trial initiation and at the end of growing and finishing. Steers were slaughtered on d 183, and carcass data were collected after a 48-h chill. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using ProcMixed of SAS 9.4 (fixed effects of treatment and block; experimental unit of pen). Liver abscess scores were analyzed using the Genmod Procedure of SAS 9.4. Contrast statements assessed the polynomial effects of RPFA. Supplemental RPFA linearly increased plasma folate at the end of growing and finishing (P &lt; 0.01), and linearly decreased plasma glucose at the end of growing (P = 0.01). There was a cubic effect of RPFA on liver folate at the end of growing (P = 0.01), driven by lesser concentrations for RPFA-30, RPFA-60, and RPFA-150. Growing period ADG and G:F were greatest for CON and RPFA-120 (cubic P ≤ 0.03). Transition period DMI was linearly increased due to RPFA (P = 0.05). There was a tendency for a cubic effect of RPFA on the percentage of livers with no abscesses (P = 0.06), driven by a greater percentage of non-abscessed livers in RPFA-30 and RPFA-60. Despite supplementing 1 mg Co/kg DM, and regardless of treatment, plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were low (&lt;200 pg/mL), which may have influenced the response to RPFA as vitamin B12 is essential for recycling of folate.
Precision medicine for cow's milk immunotherapy in clinical practice
Authors: Miura Yoko , Nagakura Ken-ichi , Sato Sakura , Yanagida Noriyuki , Ebisawa Motohiro 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review
Several novel immunotherapies have recently been reported for the treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA). However, systematic methods for the selection of immunotherapy in clinical practice have not been investigated. In this review, we have provided suggestions for safe and effective immunotherapy for patients with CMA.

Recent findings
Recent studies on cow's milk immunotherapy, using lower target doses, heated or baked cow's milk, combination treatment with adjuvants, or various routes of immunotherapy, included school-aged children with severe allergies, infants, and patients with mild CMA. These patients were administered various maintenance doses for various time periods. In the selection of immunotherapy, it would be useful to consider the patient's age and CMA severity at baseline: threshold dose, history of cow's milk anaphylaxis, and cow's milk-specific IgE levels.

Summary
Considering the risks and benefits for patients with CMA, appropriate treatment should be selected based on the current evidence. Low-dose oral immunotherapy may be useful in clinical practice for school-aged children with severe CMA. Additional studies are needed to assess the indications for immunotherapy to select appropriate treatments in real-life settings.
Using Nonheparin Anticoagulant to Treat a Near-Fatal Case With Multiple Venous Thrombotic Lesions During ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination-Related Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Bersinger Samuel , Lagarde Kevin , Marlu Raphael , Pernod Gilles , Payen Jean-Francois 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the successful recovery from multiple and life-threatening venous thrombosis after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.

DESIGN:
Case report.

SETTING:
University Hospital.

Patient:
Few days after the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, a 21-year-old woman experienced massive thrombosis in the deep and superficial cerebral veins together with seizures, neurologic focal deficit, and thrombocytopenia. In the neurointensive care unit, her condition worsened despite early decompressive craniectomy. She developed bilateral segmental pulmonary embolism, left hepatic, and left external iliac venous thrombosis.

INTERVENTION:
Argatroban (0.5–2.2 µg/kg/min) and high-dose IV immunoglobulin (1 g/kg/d for 2 consecutive days) were initiated on day 6 after admission. With these therapies, there was a gradual resolution of multiple sites of venous thrombosis, and platelet count returned to normal. The patient left the ICU with full consciousness, expressive aphasia, and right hemiparesis.

CONCLUSIONS:
This case of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia shows that a good outcome can be obtained even with multiple and life-threatening venous thrombotic lesions. Argatroban and high-dose IV immunoglobulin along with management of severe cerebral venous thrombosis played a major role in this epilogue.
Real-world Patterns of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Patients With Resected Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar , King Karen , Scarfe Andrew 
Published: May 2021

Objective:
The objective of this study was to analyze patterns of adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with resected rectal adenocarcinomas following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection.

Methods:
Alberta Cancer Registry and other provincial electronic medical registries (2004 to 2018) identified patients with nonmetastatic rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection and either oxaliplatin-based or fluoropyrimidine-only adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then undertaken to identify factors associated with the use of either regimen. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to compare overall survival between both groups and multivariable Cox regression analysis was then used to identify factors associated with worse overall survival.

Results:
A total of 532 patients who fulfilled eligibility criteria were included in the current study: 347 patients received adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-only chemotherapy and 185 patients received adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. The following variables were associated with use of fluoropyrimidine-only adjuvant chemotherapy: older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.06), higher Charlson comorbidity index (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.00-2.15), and no involved lymph nodes in the surgical pathology (OR: 5.55; 95% CI: 3.66-8.41). Using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, no difference in overall survival between patients treated with adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and those treated with adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-only chemotherapy was identified (P=0.152). Within multivariable Cox regression analysis, type of chemotherapy was not associated with a difference in overall survival (hazard ratio for fluoropyrimidine-only chemotherapy vs. oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.61-1.71).

Conclusion:
Oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy is not associated with improved survival outcomes compared with fluoropyrimidine-only chemotherapy in this real-world study.
Comparative analysis of visual outcome with 3 intraocular lenses: monofocal, enhanced monofocal, and extended depth of focus
Authors: Corbelli Eleonora , Iuliano Lorenzo , Bandello Francesco , Fasce Francesco 
Published: May 2021

Purpose:
To compare the visual performance, spectacle independence, and subjective visual quality of 3 intraocular lenses (IOLs): monofocal, enhanced monofocal, and extended depth of focus.

Setting:
Ophthalmology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

Design:
Prospective case series.

Methods:
Patients without ocular comorbidities and corneal astigmatism <0.75 diopters (D) undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of monofocal Tecnis ZCB00, enhanced monofocal Eyhance ICB00, and extended depth-of-focus Symfony ZXR00 IOLs were included. 6 months postoperatively, the following parameters were analyzed: subjective and objective refraction; monocular and binocular corrected distance (4 m) and uncorrected distance (UDVA) visual acuity; corrected distance, intermediate (66 cm), and near (40 cm) visual acuities, as well as uncorrected intermediate (UIVA) and uncorrected near (UNVA) visual acuities; photopic contrast sensitivity; binocular defocus curve; halo and glare perception; and spectacle independence.

Results:
150 eyes of 75 patients (25 patients per IOL group) were evaluated. Monocular and binocular UDVA was excellent in all 3 groups. Eyhance achieved binocular UIVA similar to that of Symfony, the latter showing the highest binocular UNVA. The defocus curves at −1.0 D were equivalent for both Eyhance and Symfony, whereas contrast sensitivity was similar in all 3 groups. The Eyhance spectacle independence score was comparable with Symfony for intermediate distance activities, the latter, however, achieved the worst results for halos and glare.

Conclusions:
Enhanced monofocal Eyhance was not inferior to Symfony as regards intermediate distance visual outcome and spectacle independence, and also provided lower subjective perception of halos and glare.