bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution Patterns of Calcite Cement in the Turbidite Sandstones of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression, Eastern China
Authors: ZHANG Yongwang , QU Zhengyang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCalcite cements are volumetrically dominant among the most diagenetic constituents in turbidite sandstones of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression. The results show carbonate cements mainly occur in three phases: Calcite I (pre‐compaction), Calcite II (post‐compaction) and ankerite in the turbidite sandstone. The isotopic composition of Calcite I and Calcite II range from –4.3‰ to 4.4‰, –3.5‰ to 4.3‰ PDB, respectively, suggesting that the calcite cements are mainly derived from the interbedded shales. The early calcite cement precipitated from the mixing of lacustrine and meteoric waters at 38–69°C. The late‐phase calcite precipitated from pore waters modified by water‐rock interactions at 64–126°C. Two distribution patterns of calcite cements can be identified, depending on their position within the sandstone. The peripheral cementation of the sandstones is near the sand‐shale contact. The development of cement is controlled by sandstone thickness and the properties of the interbedded shale. For scattered cementation, the distribution of the calcite cement is not controlled by the sand‐shale contact. Calcite cement was preferentially distributed in coarsegrained sandstones, indicating that sandstones with high original permeability are the preferred pathway for the migration of early diagenetic fluids.
Intrusion‐related Gold Deposits in Egypt
Authors: BOTROS Nagy Shawky 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntrusion‐related gold deposits (IRGDs) occur in the Eastern Desert (ED) of Egypt within magmatic districts that are exploited for tungsten and tin mineralization. IRGDs and intrusion‐related rare metal deposits (IRRMDs) are almost invariably linked with the late to post collisional Younger Granites (YGs) that have three successive phases (I, II and III). At ∼635–630 Ma, the ED underwent a transition in deformation style from compressional to extensional and a switch from subduction with crustal thickening to delamination with crustal thinning. This transition was concurrent with the emplacement of a short magmatic pulse (∼635–630 Ma) that represents a transition between orogenic gold deposits and IRGDs. K‐rich calc alkaline granites (phase I and II of the YGs) hosting IRGDs like the Hangalia deposit were emplaced during the time span 630–610 Ma. Alkaline magmatism began at 610 Ma, coexisting with the K‐rich calc‐alkaline magmatism over the 610–590 Ma time span, where the Fawakhir (598 ± 3 Ma) and Um Had (596 ± 2 Ma) granites that host the IRGDs were emplaced. In time, the alkaline magmatism became more alkaline giving rise to phase III of the YGs that hosts IRRMDs. A distinct metallogenic epoch comprising both IRGDs and IRRMDs, was undergoing extreme growth at ∼600 Ma.
New Discovery of Hipparion theobaldi Skull from the Late Miocene of Padhri, District Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan and Associated Mammalian Fossil Assemblage
Authors: SAMIULLAH Khizar , DRAZ Omer , YASIN Riffat , RASOOL Bilal , MUHAMMAD ISHAQ Hafiz , HARIS AZIZ Muhammad , MEHROZ FAZAL Rana , NAZ Shakila , RAZA Tehreem , NIAZI Romesa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA fossil‐bearing locality near Padhri village, Dhok Pathan, 55 km away from the tehsil Dina, Jhelum District, in the Potwar Plateau, Middle Siwaliks, Punjab, northern Pakistan, is significantly rich in mammalian fossils. This site has provided an abundant mammalian fossil fauna of Late Miocene age from the Dhok Pathan Formation (Fm.). The recovered material belongs to four families: Equidae (horses), Rhinocerotidae (rhinos), Bovidae (cows), and Suidae (pigs). We discovered a new skull of hipparionine Hipparion theobaldi from this locality along with 22 specimens from the associated assemblage of fossil mammals. The recovered material includes seven other species: the aceratheriine Chilotherium intermedium, boselaphines Tragoportax punjabicus, Selenoportax vexillarius, Pachyportax latidens, the antelope Gazella lydekkeri and suinine Propotamochoerus hysudricus. The specimens are isolated teeth, fragments of maxilla, mandibles and horn cores. The Dhok Pathan Fm. is generally composed of claystone, siltstone and sandstone beds and, based on the mammalian fauna, the Padhri fossil locality is dated as Late Miocene. Thi99s formation was deposited in a subtropical paleoenvironment and the predominance of fossil bovids indicates extremely moist conditions with small but frequent standing water bodies.
Neoproterozoic U‐Th‐REE‐bearing Pegmatites in Wadi Ibib, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: Structural and Geochemical Measures for a Syn‐Tectonic Anatectic Model of Formation
Authors: IBRAHIM Waleed S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Wadi Ibib area is situated in the northern part of the Neoproterozoic Hamisana Shear Zone (HSZ), which is a high strain zone evolved during the late stages of the Pan‐African orogeny, likely as a tectonic escape structure. Amphibolite facies pelitic metasedimentary windows crop out in the axial parts of the HSZ and are noticeably associated with numerous N‐trending pegmatite dikes. Whole‐rock geochemistry of the pegmatites reveals a peraluminous (S‐type) affinity, with low K/Rb ratios and elevated concentrations of U, Th, REE, Rb, Li, Cs, Y, Nb and Ta. Structurally, the pegmatite sets intrude along the shear plane of the HSZ, corresponding to the regional N‐trending tectonic fabrics, such as axial planar foliation and dextral‐shearing in the metasedimentary host rock. Field relationships, including structural context, coupled with geochemical characteristics of the Wadi Ibib pegmatites, do not support their formation as a complementary part of evolved granitic magmas. Space‐localized decompression‐induced partial melting of peraluminous garnet‐bearing metapelites was alternatively the underlying process for formation of these pegmatites. Such decompression was associated with regional escape tectonics and stress axes permutations during the late deformation stage (D3) in the evolution of the south Eastern Desert terrane, due to end‐orogeny system pressure‐release.
MD&A readability, auditor characteristics, and audit fees
Authors: Wang Le , Chen Xiaoyan , Li Xing , Tian Gaoliang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between audit fees and MD&A readability in China. We find that audit fees generally are higher when MD&A readability is lower. However, we find Big4 auditors and industry specialist auditors do not increase audit fees when MD&As are less readable while the other auditors do. We also find that it is the content unique to the reporting firm, rather than standard industry and market content in a MD&A that affects auditor fees. Our results also support that audit risk and audit efforts are two channels through which MD&A readability affects audit fees.
Clinical experience of trainees of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in insertion of long‐acting reversible contraceptives
Authors: Abdalla Orit , Black Kirsten , Bateson Deborah , Woods Cindy , de Costa Caroline 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundLong‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) include both progestogen‐containing implants and intrauterine devices releasing either a progestogen or copper, providing highly effective contraception. Increasing uptake of LARCs is advocated by governments and professional organisations as an important strategy to reduce unintended pregnancy; such uptake requires, among other measures, adequate training of doctors in the areas of obstetrics and gynaecology and women’s health.AimsTo assess The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) trainees’ (Fellowship, Diploma or Certificate of Women’s Health) experience and training in insertion and removal of LARCs.Materials and methodsAn invitation email to participate in an anonymous survey approved by the Continuing Professional Development Committee of RANZCOG was sent to all current RANZCOG trainees in the three categories. The responses were categorised and analysed.ResultsOf 1686 invited trainees, 294 (17.4%) responded: 250 in Australia and 44 in New Zealand; 127 were undertaking Fellowship training (8.3% of those invited) and 166 (100% of those invited) were undertaking training for the Diploma (either DRANZCOG and DRANZCOG Advanced) or the Certificate of Women’s Health. Significant numbers of all categories of trainees had no or limited experience of insertion or removal of LARCs of all types and/or lacked self‐confidence in LARC provision.ConclusionRANZCOG needs to address this training deficiency to continue as the leader in Australia in the provision of women’s reproductive healthcare.
Immune changes beyond Th2 pathways during rapid multifood immunotherapy enabled with omalizumab
Authors: Manohar Monali , Dunham Diane , Gupta Sheena , Yan Zheng , Zhang Wenming , Minnicozzi Samantha , Kirkey Matthew , Bunning Bryan , Roy Chowdhury Roshni , Galli Stephen J. , Boyd Scott D. , Kost Laurie Elizabeth , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Desai Manisha , Oettgen Hans C. , Maecker Holden T. , Yu Wong , DeKruyff Rosemarie H. , Andorf Sandra , Nadeau Kari C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultifood oral immunotherapy (mOIT) with adjunctive anti‐IgE (omalizumab, XOLAIR®) treatment affords safe, effective, and rapid desensitization to multiple foods, although the specific immune mechanisms mediating this desensitization remain to be fully elucidated.MethodsParticipants in our phase 2 mOIT trial (NCT02643862) received omalizumab from baseline to week 16 and mOIT from week 8 to week 36. We compared the immune profile of PBMCs and plasma taken at baseline, week 8, and week 36 using high‐dimensional mass cytometry, component‐resolved diagnostics, the indirect basophil activation test, and Luminex.ResultsWe found (i) decreased frequency of IL‐4+ peanut‐reactive CD4+ T cells and a marked downregulation of GPR15 expression and CXCR3 frequency among γδ and CD8+ T‐cell subsets at week 8 during the initial, omalizumab‐alone induction phase; (ii) significant upregulation of the skin‐homing receptor CCR4 in peanut‐reactive CD4+ T and Th2 effector memory (EM) cells and of cutaneous lymphocyte‐associated antigen (CLA) in peanut‐reactive CD8+ T and CD8+ EM cells; (iii) downregulation of CD86 expression among antigen‐presenting cell subsets; and (iv) reduction in pro‐inflammatory cytokines, notably IL‐17, at week 36 post‐OIT. We also observed significant attenuation of the Th2 phenotype post‐OIT, defined by downregulation of IL‐4 peanut‐reactive T cells and OX40 in Th2EM cells, increased allergen component‐specific IgG4/IgE ratio, and decreased allergen‐driven activation of indirectly sensitized basophils.ConclusionsThis exploratory study provides novel comprehensive insight into the immune underpinnings of desensitization through omalizumab‐facilitated mOIT. Moreover, this study provides encouraging results to support the complex immune changes that can be induced by OIT.
Effect of intranasal corticosteroid treatment on allergen‐induced changes in group 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic rhinitis with mild asthma
Authors: Xie Yanqing , Ju Xiaotian , Beaudin Suzanne , Wiltshire Lesley , Oliveria John Paul , MacLean Jonathan , Sommer Doron D. , Cusack Ruth , Li Olga , Banerjee Prajna , Keith Paul K. , O'Byrne Paul M. , Bauer Rebecca N. , Staton Tracy , Gauvreau Gail M. , Sehmi Roma 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis is characterized by rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing and nasal pruritus. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), CD4+ T cells and eosinophils in nasal mucosa are increased significantly after nasal allergen challenge (NAC). Effects of intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) on ILC2s remain to be investigated.MethodsSubjects (n = 10) with allergic rhinitis and mild asthma were enrolled in a single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, sequential treatment study and treated twice daily with intranasal triamcinolone acetonide (220 µg) or placebo for 14 days, separated by a 7‐day washout period. Following treatment, subjects underwent NAC and upper airway function was assessed. Cells from the nasal mucosa and blood, sampled 24 h post‐NAC, underwent flow cytometric enumeration for ILC2s, CD4+ T and eosinophil progenitor (EoPs) levels. Cell differentials and cytokine levels were assessed in nasal lavage.ResultsTreatment with INCS significantly attenuated ILC2s, IL‐5+/IL‐13+ILC2s, HLA‐DR+ILC2s and CD4+ T cells in the nasal mucosa, 24 h post‐NAC. EoP in nasal mucosa was significantly increased, while mature eosinophils were significantly decreased, 24 h post‐NAC in INCS versus placebo treatment arm. Following INCS treatment, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 were significantly attenuated 24 h post‐NAC accompanied by significant improvement in upper airway function.ConclusionPre‐treatment with INCS attenuates allergen‐induced increases in ILC2s, CD4+ T cells and terminal differentiation of EoPs in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients with mild asthma, with little systemic effect. Attenuation of HLA‐DR expression by ILC2s may be an additional mechanism by which steroids modulate adaptive immune responses in the upper airways.
Clinical applications of microperimetry in RPGR‐related retinitis pigmentosa: a review
Authors: Buckley Thomas M.W. , Jolly Jasleen K. , Josan Amandeep Singh , Wood Laura J. , Cehajic‐Kapetanovic Jasmina , MacLaren Robert E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMicroperimetry, or fundus‐tracked perimetry, is a precise static‐automated perimetric technique to assess central retinal function. As visual acuity only deteriorates at a late disease stage in RPGR‐related retinitis pigmentosa (RP), alternative markers for disease progression are of great utility. Microperimetry assessment has been of critical value as an outcome measure in a recently reported phase I/II gene therapy trial for RPGR‐related RP, both in terms of detecting safety and efficacy signals. Here, we performed a review of the literature. We describe the principles of microperimetry before outlining specific parameters that may be useful as outcome measures in clinical trial settings. The current state of structure–function correlations between short‐wavelength autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics in RPGR‐related retinitis pigmentosa are also summarized.
Health needs of accompanied refugee and asylum‐seeking children in a UK specialist clinic
Authors: Harkensee Christian , Andrew Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo identify health needs and healthcare access barriers of accompanied refugee and asylum‐seeking (RAS) children in the North East of England, and pilot a new service model to address these.MethodsMixed‐methods study (retrospective analysis of routinely collected service data, qualitative data from focus groups) of children who attended a hospital‐based specialist clinic.ResultsOver two years, 80 children were referred to this service. Most frequent diagnoses (total n = 104) were anaemia (n = 17), neurodevelopmental (n = 12), respiratory (n = 12) and mental health (n = 9) conditions. Mild–moderate stunting (23%), overweight and obesity (41%), stunting with obesity (9%) and micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin D (66%), vitamin A (40%) and manifest (14%) or latent (25%) iron deficiency anaemia) were highly prevalent. 62% of children had experienced psychological trauma, and 39% had abnormal results in psychosocial wellbeing screening. 21% of children required secondary or tertiary care, 8% mental health referrals, and 47% were followed up in this specialist clinic. Focus groups with families and the community report unaddressed health needs and substantial barriers of access to health care.ConclusionRefugee and asylum‐seeking children have substantial health needs and healthcare access barriers that are not routinely addressed. The authors propose a service model for healthcare provision.
Inferring UK COVID‐19 fatal infection trajectories from daily mortality data: Were infections already in decline before the UK lockdowns?
Authors: Wood Simon N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe number of new infections per day is a key quantity for effective epidemic management. It can be estimated relatively directly by testing of random population samples. Without such direct epidemiological measurement, other approaches are required to infer whether the number of new cases is likely to be increasing or decreasing: for example, estimating the pathogen‐effective reproduction number, R, using data gathered from the clinical response to the disease. For coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19/SARS‐Cov‐2), such R estimation is heavily dependent on modelling assumptions, because the available clinical case data are opportunistic observational data subject to severe temporal confounding. Given this difficulty, it is useful to retrospectively reconstruct the time course of infections from the least compromised available data, using minimal prior assumptions. A Bayesian inverse problem approach applied to UK data on first‐wave Covid‐19 deaths and the disease duration distribution suggests that fatal infections were in decline before full UK lockdown (24 March 2020), and that fatal infections in Sweden started to decline only a day or two later. An analysis of UK data using the model of Flaxman et al. gives the same result under relaxation of its prior assumptions on R, suggesting an enhanced role for non‐pharmaceutical interventions short of full lockdown in the UK context. Similar patterns appear to have occurred in the subsequent two lockdowns.
Migration in butterflies: a global overview
Authors: Chowdhury Shawan , Fuller Richard A. , Dingle Hugh , Chapman Jason W. , Zalucki Myron P. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTInsect populations including butterflies are declining worldwide, and they are becoming an urgent conservation priority in many regions. Understanding which butterfly species migrate is critical to planning for their conservation, because management actions for migrants need to be coordinated across time and space. Yet, while migration appears to be widespread among butterflies, its prevalence, as well as its taxonomic and geographic distribution are poorly understood. The study of insect migration is hampered by their small size and the difficulty of tracking individuals over long distances. Here we review the literature on migration in butterflies, one of the best‐known insect groups. We find that nearly 600 butterfly species show evidence of migratory movements. Indeed, the rate of ‘discovery’ of migratory movements in butterflies suggests that many more species might in fact be migratory. Butterfly migration occurs across all families, in tropical as well as temperate taxa; Nymphalidae has more migratory species than any other family (275 species), and Pieridae has the highest proportion of migrants (13%; 133 species). Some 13 lines of evidence have been used to ascribe migration status in the literature, but only a single line of evidence is available for 92% of the migratory species identified, with four or more lines of evidence available for only 10 species – all from the Pieridae and Nymphalidae. Migratory butterflies occur worldwide, although the geographic distribution of migration in butterflies is poorly resolved, with most data so far coming from Europe, USA, and Australia. Migration is much more widespread in butterflies than previously realised – extending far beyond the well‐known examples of the monarchDanaus plexippusand the painted ladyVanessa cardui– and actions to conserve butterflies and insects in general must account for the spatial dependencies introduced by migratory movements.
Editorial: A Vision of a Fair and Efficient, Diverse and Inclusive, Cumulative Science of Child Development in the Best and Worst of Times
Authors: Roisman Glenn I. 
Published: March 2021

If you have come here in search of the submission requirements at Child Development, this is perhaps not the editorial you are looking for. Consider visiting instead our revised instructions to authors. Nor does this essay simply detail the priorities of the incoming board and the initiatives we will be implementing over the next 6 years, though these are summarized in Table 1. Rather, this editorial was written to articulate clearly the scientific values underlying current plans and policies at the journal in support of publishing the highest quality and highest impact research on child development. I emphasize two interrelated themes: (a) our plans for continuing to emphasize and enhance diversity and inclusion in research on child development and (b) our policies that remove impediments to cumulative developmental science. Discussion focuses primarily on how we are incentivizing efforts to achieve these widely held yet too often neglected goals, taking as its point of departure emerging challenges to a fair and efficient editorial process at the journal. In so doing, I mean to highlight the essential work of continuously cultivating editorial structures that firmly embed in developmental science fundamental scientific values, principles that make it possible for research on child development to flourish in both the best and worst of times.
Fatigue: A forgotten symptom of asthma
Authors: Günaydın Fatma Esra , Ediger Dane , Erbay Müge 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveFatigue is a common symptom frequently reported in many disorders but little is known about the prevalence of fatigue in asthma. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of fatigue in asthmatic patients, the effect of fatigue on asthma quality of life and the relationship between fatigue and anxiety/depressionMaterials and methodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted in Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Allergic Diseases outpatient clinic from June 2019 to December 2019. Fatigue was assessed using the Checklist Individual Strength‐Fatigue (CIS‐Fatigue), psychological distress was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and quality of life were assessed using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ).ResultsIn the present study, a total of 168 patients are included with an average age of 43.8 ± 4.3 years. Nearly 64.8% of patients had controlled asthma and (35.2%) patients had uncontrolled asthma. Fatigue (CIS‐Fatigue ≥ 27 points) was detected in 62.6% of patients and associated with asthma‐related quality of life, asthma control, dyspnea, depression and anxiety (P < 0.05). However, the degree of lung function impairment and asthma severity were not associated with fatigue.ConclusionsFatigue as a symptom is common in asthmatic patients and correlates with asthma‐related quality of life, asthma control, dyspnea, depression and anxiety. Future studies are needed to better understand the physical, psychological, behavioural and systemic factors that precipitate or perpetuate fatigue in asthma.
American Lutheran arguments about slavery
Authors: Erling Maria 
Published: March 2021

Abstract19th century Lutherans in the United States confronted the presence of slavery not only as a social condition but as a theological challenge. Immigrants who formed Lutheran churches and gathered into synods also had to choose alliances among the Lutheran groups already present. Most traditional histories of this process of denominational formation focus on the confessional standpoints of the various groups, but underneath and hovering over these discussions of theology and doctrine were positions on antislavery movements and the coming of the Civil War. These social realities affected the theological formation of Lutheranism in the United States.