bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional in vivo characterization of sox10 enhancers in neural crest and melanoma development
Authors: Cunningham Rebecca L. , Kramer Eva T. , DeGeorgia Sophia K. , Godoy Paula M. , Zarov Anna P. , Seneviratne Shayana , Grigura Vadim , Kaufman Charles K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe role of a neural crest developmental transcriptional program, which critically involves Sox10 upregulation, is a key conserved aspect of melanoma initiation in both humans and zebrafish, yet transcriptional regulation of sox10 expression is incompletely understood. Here we used ATAC-Seq analysis of multiple zebrafish melanoma tumors to identify recurrently open chromatin domains as putative melanoma-specific sox10 enhancers. Screening in vivo with EGFP reporter constructs revealed 9 of 11 putative sox10 enhancers with embryonic activity in zebrafish. Focusing on the most active enhancer region in melanoma, we identified a region 23 kilobases upstream of sox10, termed peak5, that drives EGFP reporter expression in a subset of neural crest cells, Kolmer-Agduhr neurons, and early melanoma patches and tumors with high specificity. A ~200 base pair region, conserved in Cyprinidae, within peak5 is required for transgenic reporter activity in neural crest and melanoma. This region contains dimeric SoxE/Sox10 dimeric binding sites essential for peak5 neural crest and melanoma activity. We show that deletion of the endogenous peak5 conserved genomic locus decreases embryonic sox10 expression and disrupts adult stripe patterning in our melanoma model background. Our work demonstrates the power of linking developmental and cancer models to better understand neural crest identity in melanoma.
LINE-1 transcription in round spermatids is associated with accretion of 5-carboxylcytosine in their open reading frames
Authors: Blythe Martin J. , Kocer Ayhan , Rubio-Roldan Alejandro , Giles Tom , Abakir Abdulkadir , Ialy-Radio Côme , Wheldon Lee M. , Bereshchenko Oxana , Bruscoli Stefano , Kondrashov Alexander , Drevet Joël R. , Emes Richard D. , Johnson Andrew D. , McCarrey John R. , Gackowski Daniel , Olinski Ryszard , Cocquet Julie , Garcia-Perez Jose L. , Ruzov Alexey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChromatin of male and female gametes undergoes a number of reprogramming events during the transition from germ cell to embryonic developmental programs. Although the rearrangement of DNA methylation patterns occurring in the zygote has been extensively characterized, little is known about the dynamics of DNA modifications during spermatid maturation. Here, we demonstrate that the dynamics of 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) correlate with active transcription of LINE-1 retroelements during murine spermiogenesis. We show that the open reading frames of active and evolutionary young LINE-1s are 5caC-enriched in round spermatids and 5caC is eliminated from LINE-1s and spermiogenesis-specific genes during spermatid maturation, being simultaneously retained at promoters and introns of developmental genes. Our results reveal an association of 5caC with activity of LINE-1 retrotransposons suggesting a potential direct role for this DNA modification in fine regulation of their transcription.
Capturing the failure of a cohesive granular step
Authors: Staron Lydie , Abramian Anais , Lagrée Pierre-Yves 
Published: June 2021

A Contact Dynamics algorithm is applied to simulate the failure of 2-dimensional granular steps. Focussing on one single value for both the adhesive force threshold and the contact friction, we track the signature of the failure in the cumulative displacement of the grains. The introduction of a displacement threshold allows for the identification of the onset of a rapid failure and the formation of the corresponding shear band. The latter gives access to an estimation of the failure orientation.
The robustness of the measure thus performed for one single run is assessed by carrying out a series of 10 additional simulations, showing a fairly reproducible behaviour.
Chiari Type I Malformation Presenting with Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Ciçek Abdulhamid , Cortier Jeroen , Hendrickx Sarah , Van Cauwenbergh Johan , Calus Lien , Dehem Johan , Vanhauwaert Dimitri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Chiari type I malformations can present in different ways, but the most frequent symptom is an occipitocervical headache. Hearing loss as the main presenting symptom is rare.
Case A young woman with progressive left-sided unilateral hearing loss was diagnosed with a Chiari type I malformation. She underwent a suboccipital craniectomy with C1 laminectomy and duraplasty. The hearing loss had resolved postoperatively with normalization of the audiometry.
Conclusion Chiari type I malformation can present solely with hearing loss. Improvement after surgical decompression is possible. This phenomenon is not emphasized well enough within the neurologic community. In this report, we present a summary of the pathophysiology and management in Chiari type I malformations.
Districting that minimizes partisan bias
Authors: Brick Aaron , Brick Cameron 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe shapes of electoral districts determine how votes translate into seats. When districts favor certain political parties, electoral results can be disproportionate and the public may lose faith in the political process. Disagreement about appropriate district shapes is subjective, rarely resolved, and often leads to lawsuits. Previously, many authors have called for objective districting criteria. We offer a novel synthesis of models that enables the proactive comparison of district maps, by relating a planar graph partition, the single-member plurality rule, the maximin decision rule, and any agreed measure of partisan bias with a territorial map and historical vote results. Historical vote totals avoid the complexity and uncertainty associated with counterfactual models of vote swing. Districting plans could be objectively compared on such criteria as party proportionality or compact shape to reject plans with worse bias. Objective tools to reduce partisan bias in district maps could boost collaborative participation, increase perceptions of fairness and justice, and reduce costs.
Asteroid break-ups and meteorite delivery to Earth the past 500 million years
Authors: Terfelt Fredrik , Schmitz Birger 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceThe standard view of meteorite delivery to Earth is that of the cascading model where large asteroid break-ups generate new fragment populations that feed the inner solar system with material for extended time periods. Our investigated time windows, stretching from the Cambrian to the present, do not support this model. In fact, of 70 major family-forming break-ups the past ∼500 Ma, only 1 appears to have given rise to a strongly enhanced flux to Earth. We argue that meteorites and small asteroids delivered to Earth in deep time are not primarily linked to the sequence of asteroid family-forming events. Another, as yet unknown, delivery process appears to be associated with a very restricted region in the asteroid belt.
Herded and hunted goat genomes from the dawn of domestication in the Zagros Mountains
Authors: Daly Kevin G. , Mattiangeli Valeria , Hare Andrew J. , Davoudi Hossein , Fathi Homa , Doost Sanaz Beizaee , Amiri Sarieh , Khazaeli Roya , Decruyenaere Delphine , Nokandeh Jebrael , Richter Tobias , Darabi Hojjat , Mortensen Peder , Pantos Alexis , Yeomans Lisa , Bangsgaard Pernille , Mashkour Marjan , Zeder Melinda A. , Bradley Daniel G. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Goats were among the first domestic animals and today are an important livestock species; archaeozoological evidence from the Zagros Mountains of western Iran indicates that goats were managed by the late ninth/early eighth millennium. We assess goat assemblages from Ganj Dareh and Tepe Abdul Hosein, two Aceramic Neolithic Zagros sites, using complementary archaeozoological and archaeogenomic approaches. Nuclear and mitochondrial genomes indicate that these goats were genetically diverse and ancestral to later domestic goats and already distinct from wild goats. Demographic profiles from bone remains, differential diversity patterns of uniparental markers, and presence of long runs of homozygosity reveal the practicing and consequences of management, thus expanding our understanding of the beginnings of animal husbandry.
Literal is not always easier
Authors: Jiménez-Crespo Miguel A. , Casillas Joseph V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
“Literal translation” is a popular construct in Translation Studies. Research from computational approaches has
consistently shown that non-literal translations, i.e., renderings semantically and syntactically different or not close to the
source text, are more difficult or effortful to produce than literal ones. This paper researches whether literal translations are
systematically less effortful to process than non-literal ones using comparable corpus data. The effort incurred in processing
literal translations from a parallel corpus is compared to that of processing the most frequent non-literal renderings found in
previous comparable corpus studies. Ten professional translators edited a text using a mock translation environment setup using
the keylogger Inputlog. The task was presented as a regular editing process with a full cohesive text presented segment pair by
segment pair. Time served as a proxy for overall cognitive effort. We analyzed time from presentation to type
(TTP) and time to completion of segment edit (TC), or complete editing events. Results showed
that processing efforts are indistinguishable between categories, suggesting that cognitive effort to edit non-literal
default translation candidates is not always higher when compared to the most frequent literal translations
from a parallel corpus.
The role of working memory capacity in interpreting performance
Authors: Bae Munjung , Jeong Cheol Ja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between working memory (WM) capacity and the performance of student
interpreters defined as the quality of their interpreting output. To measure WM capacity, we administered Korean and English
reading span tasks, and an operation span task. The WM scores were analysed for correlation with simultaneous interpreting (SI)
and consecutive interpreting (CI) scores. The results were mixed: (1) the CI score showed no correlation with any of the WM span
tasks and (2) the SI score correlated with only one WM span task, the operation span task. Given that the participants received
shorter training in SI than in CI, we can tentatively conclude that interpreting performance is influenced more by WM capacity
when the interpreter performs a less familiar type of interpreting. Further research is needed to find out why the reading span
tasks and the operation span task showed different relationships with SI.
Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid).
Authors: Whittaker Angela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Haplaxius crudus, commonly known as American palm cixiid, is native to the American tropics and subtropics. The species was first described from Jamaica in 1907 and is currently known from northern South America, Central America, certain islands of the Caribbean, and Florida and southern Texas in the USA. The adults of H. crudus feed mainly on palms, particularly coconut palms, while the nymphs feed mainly on grasses. The main economic impact of H. crudus is as a vector of coconut (or palm) lethal yellowing (LY) caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae, a highly destructive disease that affects at least 37 species of palms, including coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Control of LY is best achieved by the planting of resistant cultivars integrated with cultural measures such as ground cover management because chemical control of H. crudus is not practical. International trade in palms from LY-infected areas is prohibited because of the threat of the disease and vector spreading not only to coconuts and date palms, but also to palms that are important as ornamental plants or as local sources of food or fibre.
Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback).
Authors: Davison Elaine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

P. cinnamomi is a soilborne pathogen that is now widely established in many parts of the world. Initial long-range spread is likely to have been on infected nursery plants (e.g., Kenerley and Bruck, 1983; Benson and Campbell, 1985; Davison et al., 2006), and still occurs in this way. Additional long-range spread is by movement of soil and gravel infested with chlamydospores (e.g., Batini, 1977; Colquhoun and Petersen, 1994). Short-range spread is also by zoospores in drainage, seepage and irrigation water (Kinal et al., 1993; MacDonald et al., 1994). It has a very wide host range (Zentmyer, 1980) so that, once introduced into an area, it can persist on the roots of many different plants without necessarily causing symptoms on the foliage. It is a major pathogen of horticultural crops, in forestry and in natural vegetation, especially in southern Australia (Natural Resource Management Western Australia, 2013 - see http://www.dieback.net.au/pages/1382/susceptible-species). It is regarded as a key threatening process in the Australian environment (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, 1999), affecting both plant communities by reducing diversity, and the animal communities that depend on them. It is considered by ISSG (2012) to be one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide.
Xylophilus ampelinus (canker of grapevine).
Authors: Dreo Tanja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The causative agent of bacterial blight of grapevine, X. ampelinus, is a slow-growing bacterium. It is thought that only European grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are susceptible (Panagopoulos, 1988b). Natural dispersal from infected plants is limited to the vineyard and the immediately surrounding area and is mostly associated with pruning. Dispersal over large distances is expected to occur only associated with host plants, most likely during trading of planting material. It is difficult to control as outbreaks are sporadic and infections are often latent thus hindering detection.
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. mangiferaeindicae (mango black spot).
Authors: Doy Marion 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Several commercial cultivars of mango are very susceptible, and losses can be serious if environmental conditions are favourable (Willis, 2009; Pruvost et al., 2011a). On susceptible mango cultivars, namely Keitt, Kent and Tommy Atkins, trees may be weakened through loss of foliage, which eventually leads to lower yields (Kotzé and Visser, 1997).
Design and construction of the mechanical structure for thin-gap RPC triplets for the upgrade of the ATLAS muon spectrometer
Authors: Kortner O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The advent of thin-gap RPCs, with 1 mm gas gaps instead of 2 mm in the present RPCs, opened the possibility to instrument the inner barrel layer of the ATLAS muon spectrometer where there is very limited amount of space in radial direction from the beam line. The environment is particularly dense in the barrel end-cap transition region. A compact mechanical structure coping with the expected thickness variations of the assembled RPCs is needed to fit into the limited available space. At the same time the mechanical structure must be sufficiently rigid to keep the deformations of the RPC packages within the allowed envelopes. The tight space constraints make it impossible to achieve the required rigidity with thick paper honeycomb plates as used in the present ATLAS RPCs. For the phase I upgrade of the barrel end-cap transition region of the ATLAS muon spectrometer three 1 mm gap RPCs are put into an aluminium frame. In this frame the RPC triplet is compressed with pre-bent 2 mm thick aluminium plates. The rigidity of the frame is achieved by stiffening rods connecting the lateral structure of the frame. The same concept can be used for the phase II upgrade of the inner layer of the muon spectrometer.
Retracted: Preparation and biological properties of silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite/hyaluronic acid composite scaffold
Authors: Wang Lu , Nan Xiaoru , Hou Jiaxin , Xia Yijing , Guo Yanqin , Meng Kejing , Xu Changzhen , Lian Jing , Zhang Yufang , Wang Xiangyu , Zhao Bin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, the silk fibroin/nano-hydroxyapatite/hyaluronic acid (SF/nHAp/HA) composite scaffolds with different HA contents were developed by blending, cross-linking and freeze-drying, and their physicochemical properties and cell biocompatibility in vitro were subsequently studied. It was observed that the molecular conformation of the composite scaffolds was mainly composed of silk I and a small amount of the β-sheets structure. On enhancing the HA content, the pore size of the scaffold decreased, while the porosity, water absorption, swelling ratio and mechanical properties were observed to increase. In particular, the SF/nHAp/HA scaffold with a 5.0 wt% ratio exhibited the highest water absorption and mechanical properties among the developed materials. In addition, the in vitro cytocompatibility analysis showed that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited excellent cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability on the SF/nHAp/5.0 wt%HA scaffolds, as compared with the other scaffolds. It can be concluded that the developed composite scaffolds represent a promising class of materials for the bone tissue repair and regeneration.
Relation Between Post-Augmentation Parenchymal Atrophy and Local Tissue Pressure
Authors: Pontello João , Roxo Ana Claudia , Abreu Maria Lidia , Torezani Rodrigo , Pamplona Djenane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Breast parenchyma interacts dynamically with an inserted implant, which may lead to local atrophy and sensory involvement, changes in vascular tissue and lactation, and volume reduction over time. The inversely proportional relationship between pressure and volume cannot be stated with certainty; that is, the larger implants having more local pressure would lead to compression, thus leading to atrophy of parenchyma more intensely compared with smaller implants. The objective of this study was to assess and list breast parenchyma volume changes with different pressure levels due to silicone implants of several sizes.

Objectives
The authors sought to list the pressure exerted by silicone implants and the atrophy caused in the breast tissue.

Methods
Thirty-six women were placed in 3 groups (n = 12) and subjected to augmentation mammoplasty in the subglandular plane. The measurement of pressure in millimeters of mercury was conducted with help of molds with the same base and projection of implants introduced posteriorly. MRI was conducted in all participants in the preoperative period and at 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Results
Twelve months after breast implant insertion, the groups had a significant glandular volume reduction (mean, 12.97% in the right breast and 12.42% in the left breast). There was a statistically significant difference in the proportions of volume reduction and the pressure levels measured.

Conclusions
A reduction in breast volume was verified. This reduction was also related to the level of pressure exerted on the implant.

Level of Evidence: 3
Navigating Ecological Transformation: Resist–Accept–Direct as a Path to a New Resource Management Paradigm
Authors: Schuurman Gregor W , Cole David N , Cravens Amanda E , Covington Scott , Crausbay Shelley D , Hoffman Cat Hawkins , Lawrence David J , Magness Dawn R , Morton John M , Nelson Elizabeth A , O'Malley Robin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNatural resource managers worldwide face a growing challenge: Intensifying global change increasingly propels ecosystems toward irreversible ecological transformations. This nonstationarity challenges traditional conservation goals and human well-being. It also confounds a longstanding management paradigm that assumes a future that reflects the past. As once-familiar ecological conditions disappear, managers need a new approach to guide decision-making. The resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework, designed for and by managers, identifies the options managers have for responding and helps them make informed, purposeful, and strategic choices in this context. Moving beyond the diversity and complexity of myriad emerging frameworks, RAD is a simple, flexible, decision-making tool that encompasses the entire decision space for stewarding transforming ecosystems. Through shared application of a common approach, the RAD framework can help the wider natural resource management and research community build the robust, shared habits of mind necessary for a new, twenty-first-century natural resource management paradigm.
Air Pollution and Violent Criminal Behaviour
Authors: Cruz Erik , D’alessio Stewart J , Stolzenberg Lisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study advances the literature by examining the effect of carbon monoxide emissions on the degree of physical violence exhibited by a criminal offender during the commission of a criminal offense. A multilevel analysis is conducted to probe the relationship between carbon monoxide levels and whether a criminal offender physically injures his or her victim. The offender-level data are drawn from the National Incident-Based Reporting System and represent 139,709 single offender/single victim crime incidents for 109 cities in 22 states during 2015. Carbon monoxide concentration and city-level contextual control variables are drawn from other sources. Results show that while carbon monoxide emissions have little effect on the overall level of physical violence displayed by a criminal offender, both the offender’s race and sex moderate the relationship between air pollution and victim injury. As carbon monoxide levels rise in a city, both black and male offenders are more likely to injure their victims physically. We theorize that black and male offenders are more vulnerable to the violence-inducing effects of air pollution because of pronounced racial and sex differences in carbon monoxide exposure.
Impaired dopamine metabolism is linked to fatigability in mice and fatigue in Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Scheffer Débora da Luz , Freitas Fernando Cini , Aguiar Jr Aderbal Silva , Ward Catherine , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci , Prediger Rui Daniel , Cronin Shane J F , Walz Roger , Andrews Nick A , Latini Alexandra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Fatigue is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease that compromises significantly the patients’ quality of life. Despite that, fatigue has been under-recognized as symptom, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and there is no adequate treatment so far. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, eliciting the classical motor symptoms including slowing of movements, muscular rigidity and resting tremor. The dopamine synthesis is mediated by the rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which requires tetrahydrobiopterin as a mandatory cofactor. Here, we showed that reserpine administration (1 mg/kg, two intraperitoneal injections with an interval of 48 h) in adult Swiss male mice (8–10 weeks; 35–45 g) provoked striatal depletion of dopamine and tetrahydrobiopterin, and intolerance to exercise. The poor exercise performance of reserpinized mice was not influenced by emotional or anhedonic factors, mechanical nociceptive thresholds, electrocardiogram pattern alterations or muscle-impaired bioenergetics. The administration of levodopa (100 mg/kg; i.p.) plus benserazide (50 mg/kg; i.p.) rescued reserpine-induced fatigability-like symptoms and restored striatal dopamine and tetrahydrobiopterin levels. Remarkably, it was observed, for the first time, that impaired blood dopamine metabolism inversely and idependently correlated with fatigue scores in eighteen idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients (male n = 13; female n = 5; age 61.3 ± 9.59 years). Altogether, this study provides new experimental and clinical evidence that fatigue symptoms might be caused by the impaired striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission, pointing to a central origin of fatigue in Parkinson’s disease.