bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Technique for Descemet Membrane Exposure in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Using the Transconjunctival Single-plane Sclerocorneal Incision
Authors: Hayashi Takahiko , Yamagami Satoru 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To describe a simple technique for Descemet membrane exposure during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).Methods: As a prospective interventional case series, consecutive patients who underwent DALK were enrolled. The technique involved the separation of the Descemet membrane by injecting air and ophthalmic viscosurgical devices from the point where transconjunctival single-plane sclerocorneal incision with the slit knife is terminated prior to perforation using a mirror image. Descemet membrane exposure success rates and the incidence of intra- and postoperative complications were analyzed. Outcomes of successful DALK procedures, which were not converted to penetrating keratoplasty, were analyzed by evaluating best corrected visual acuity (BCVA; converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) and graft survival.Results: We included 11 eyes from 11 patients (seven males and four females; 53.6 ± 16.1 years; mean follow-up duration, 26.1 weeks [6–51 weeks]). Ten surgeries were successful in Descemet membrane exposure without rupture, eight were successful in big-bubble formation, and two were finally successful in Descemet membrane exposure after a failed big-bubble. The DALK procedure for only one eye was converted to a penetrating keratoplasty owing to a tear in the Descemet membrane. BCVA improved from 0.83 ± 0.38 logMAR preoperatively to 0.24 ± 0.12 logMAR postoperatively (n=10, p < 0.001). There was no primary graft failure.Conclusion: This simple technique of transconjunctival single-plane sclerocorneal incision could be very useful for exposing the Descemet membrane during DALK.
Cytokine and Interleukin Profile in Patients With Headache and Covid-19: a Pilot, Case-control, Study on 104 Patients
Authors: Trigo-López Javier , GARCÍA-AZORÍN DAVID , SIERRA-MENCÍA ÁLVARO , TAMAYO ÁLVARO , MARTÍNEZ-PAZ PEDRO , TAMAYO EDUARDO , GUERRERO ANGEL LUIS , GONZALO-BENITO HUGO 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The presence of headache during the acute phase of COVID-19 could be associated with the innate response and the cytokine release. We aim to compare the cytokine and interleukin profile by the time they were hospitalized in COVID-19 patients with and without headache during the course of the disease.Methods: An observational analytic study with a case control design was performed. Hospitalized patients from a tertiary hospital with confirmed COVID-19 disease were included. Patients were classified into the headache or the control group depending on whether they presented headache not better accounted for by another headache disorder other than acute headache attributed to systemic viral infection. Several demographic and clinical variables were studies in both groups. We determined the plasmatic levels of 45 different cytokines and interleukins from the first hospitalization plasma extraction in both groups. Results: One hundred and four patients were included in the study, aged 67.4 (12.8), 43.3% female. Among them, 29 (27.9%) had headache. Patients with headache were younger (61.8 vs. 69.5 years, p=0.005) and had higher frequency of fever (96.6 vs. 78.7%, p=0.036) and anosmia (48.3% vs. 22.7%, p=0.016). In the comparison of the crude median values of cytokines, many cytokines were different between both groups. In the comparison of the central and dispersion parameters between the two groups, GROa, IL-10, IL1RA, IL-21, IL-22 remained statistically significant. After adjusting the values for age, sex, baseline situation and COVID-19 severity, IL-10 remained statistically significant (3.3 vs. 2.2 ng/dL, p=0.042), with a trend towards signification in IL-23 (11.9 vs. 8.6 ng/dL, p=0.082) and PIGF1 (1621.8 vs. 110.6 ng/dL, p=0.071). Conclusion: The higher levels of IL-10-an anti-inflammatory cytokines- found in our sample in patients with headache may be explained as a counteract of cytokine release, reflecting a more efficient immune response in these patients
The Efficacy of Different Sealer Removal Protocols on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Adhesives to a Bioceramic Sealer-Contaminated Dentin
Authors: Kürklü Zeliha Gonca Bek , Yoldaş Oğuz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The optimal bonding of adhesives to dentin requires the sealer to be completely removed from dentinal walls. This study compared the efficacy of different sealer removal protocols on the microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) of single step adhesives to a calcium silicate-based bioceramic root canal sealer contaminated dentin. Methods: Standardized box-shaped Class I cavities were prepared in human lower third molars (N=50). All cavities were contaminated with a bioceramic root canal sealer (Endosequence BC Sealer, Brasseler, Savannah, USA), except the control group cavities. For the experimental groups, dentin surfaces were wiped with dry cotton pellets, cotton pellets saturated with water or rinsed with an air water syringe for 5 seconds, or applied aqueous ultrasonic scaler for 5 seconds prior to restoration procedure. All the cavity surface was restored with a one-bottle universal adhesive and composite resin. All the specimens were subjected to both thermocycling and mechanical loading. The restored specimens were sectioned into resin-dentin beams for mictotensile bond strength (Mtbs) evaluation. Additional specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examination of dentin-adhesive interface (N=10).Results: The Mtbs for the 5 groups, the control, dry cotton, wet cotton, water rinse, and ultrasonic rinse group, were 13.42 ± 4.68, 11.96 ± 5.26, 13.03±6.07, 12.73±3.68, and 14.39±4.22 MPa, respectively. No significant difference was found between the mean bond strengths of the groups (p=0.725). In SEM examination no residual sealer was found in any group. Conclusions: Calcium silicate-based bioceramic sealer was removed from the dentin surface with all removal protocols when evaluated with Mtbs after thermal and mechanical cycle tests.
Substitution and carbon storage impacts of harvested wood products - Effects of increased cascading with different market responses
Authors: Kunttu Janni , Hurmekoski Elias , Myllyviita Tanja , Kilpeläinen Antti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe climate impacts of wood-based products can be measured by substitution impacts and changes in product carbon stocks. Cascade use of wood aims to increase resource efficiency and minimize the impact on the environment and climate, but it may lead to changes in the product portfolios of industries. Thus, measuring the overall impact is challenging. This study analyses the impact of wood cascading on the climate under varying market responses. Cascade use here refers to discarded sawnwood product utilisation in panel and wood-based composite production. The study utilises explorative scenarios where Finnish wood-based flows are modelled in an Excel-based material flow model, and discarded sawnwood flows are shifted from energy use to material use in the end-of-life stage. The Reference case represents the situation where discarded wood-based products are only used for energy. The scenarios portray plausible market responses to cascading, with cascade production either leading to additional wood-based panel and composite production, or substituting primary sawnwood products thus leading to lower overall harvest levels. ResultsThe results show that the cascading can result in 1.6%-5.4% more avoided C emissions compared to reference when considering the substitution impacts, the carbon stock changes in wood products, and the avoided carbon loss from roundwood harvest. Besides the market response, the results vary depending on the time-period selected for the estimation of the average annual carbon stock change of wood products and the emission profile of non-wood products. ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that cascading can contribute to climate change mitigation regardless of the market response, but it depends on the market response whether the reduction potential origins from wood-based products or indirect changes in the harvest levels. There are less avoided C emission gains in the technosystem, if cascading production substitutes primary production and therefore reduces the wood harvest. However, the opposite holds, if the average substitution impacts are significantly reduced in the future due to decarbonization of non-wood sectors. Thus, in the long-term, extending the carbon residence in the technosystem or in the ecosystem may provide a larger climate change mitigation potential than increasing the substitution impacts. Keywords: carbon stock change, cascading, forest industries, greenhouse gas emissions, harvested wood products, substitution, substitution impact
Norepinephrine and dobutamine improve cardiac index equally by supporting opposite sides of the heart in an experimental model of chronic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Hyldebrandt Janus Adler , Bøgh Nikolaj , Christensen Camilla Omann , Agger Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary hypertension is a significant risk factor in patients undergoing surgery. The combined effects of general anaesthesia and positive pressure ventilation can aggravate this condition and cause increased pulmonary blood pressures, reduced systemic blood pressures and ventricular contractility. Although perioperative use of inotropic support or vasopressors is almost mandatory for these patients, preference is disputed. In this study, we investigated the effects of norepinephrine and dobutamine and their ability to improve the arterio-ventricular relationship and haemodynamics in pigs suffering from chronic pulmonary hypertension.Method: Pulmonary hypertension was induced in five pigs by banding the pulmonary artery at 2–3 weeks of age. Six pigs served as controls. After 16 weeks of pulmonary artery banding, the animals were re-examined under general anaesthesia using biventricular conductance catheters and a pulmonary artery catheter. After baseline measurements, the animals were exposed to both norepinephrine and dobutamine infusions in incremental doses, with a stabilizing period in between the infusions. The hypothesis of differences between norepinephrine and dobutamine with incremental doses was tested using repeated two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-test. Results: At baseline, pulmonary artery banded animals had increased right ventricular pressure (+39%, p=0.04), lower cardiac index (-23% p=0.04), lower systolic blood pressure (-13%, p=0.02) and reduced left ventricular end-diastolic volume (-33%, p=0.02). When incremental doses of norepinephrine and dobutamine were administered, the right ventricular arterio-ventricular coupling was improved only by dobutamine (p<0.05). Norepinephrine increased both left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular contractility to a greater extent (p<0.05) in pulmonary artery banded animals. While the cardiac index was improved equally by norepinephrine and dobutamine treatments in pulmonary artery banded animals, norepinephrine had a significantly greater effect on mean arterial pressure (p<0.05) and diastolic arterial pressure (p<0.05).Conclusion: While norepinephrine and dobutamine improved cardiac index equally, it was obtained in different manners. Dobutamine significantly improved the right ventricular function and the arterio-ventricular coupling. Norepinephrine increased systemic resistance, thereby improving arterial pressures and left ventricular systolic function by maintaining left ventricular end-diastolic volume.
WITHDRAWN: Performance of channels coding and space-time trellis codes on fading channel for multiple-input multiple-output free-space optical communication systems
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we review and analyze the space-time trellis codes with and without ideal beamforming. Space-time trellis code with ideal beamforming at transmitter termed as weighted space. Smart antenna technology provides a wide variety of options, ranging from single-input multiple-output architectures that collect more energy to improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver, to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures that open up multiple data pipes over a link. Atmospheric turbulence can cause signiﬁcant performance degradation in free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. An efﬁcient solution could be to exploit the temporal diversity to improve the performance of the FSO link.
Circulation patterns linked to extreme wet and dry conditions in Mozambique, relationship with climatic modes, and changes since 1961
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigates circulation types (CTs) in Africa south of the equator that can be associated with extreme wet and dry conditions in Mozambique; the relationship between the CTs and climatic modes in the south Indian Ocean; and changes in the frequency of occurrence of the CTs since 1961. Obliquely rotated principal component analysis applied to sea level pressure field from NCEP-NACR for the 1961-2020 period was used to derive physically interpretable CTs. At the synoptic scale, widespread rainfall in Mozambique was found to be related to widespread cyclonic activity on the Mozambique landmass and in the southwest Indian Ocean, coupled with abundant onshore moisture advection by southeast winds. On average, this circulation type (CT) was found to be significantly related to the positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Niño climatic modes, which both favor anomalous warming of the (western) tropical Indian Ocean. The aforementioned climatic modes equally constrain the annual frequency of occurrence of the CT, possibly due to the anomalous deepening of cyclonic activity in the southwest Indian Ocean during their active periods. Since 1961 the frequency of occurrence and days of persistence of the aforementioned CT has increased, suggesting a possible increase in the vulnerability of the hydroclimate of Mozambique. Extreme dry conditions in Mozambique can be related to widespread anticyclonic activity on the Mozambique landmass and the southwest Indian Ocean, coupled with the weakening of onshore moisture advection.
Adamantinoma-like variant of Ewing sarcoma in the metatarsal bone after chemotherapy: Report of a case successfully treated with a pedicled osteocutaneous fibular transfer
Authors: Marais Yolandi Anne , Saini Aaron , Ferreira Nando , Reddy Kershinee , Zühlke Alexander , Rossouw Nelmarie , Zaharie Stefan Dan , Schubert Pawel Tomasz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma is a rare variant of Ewing sarcoma known to have histologic and immunohistochemical evidence of squamous differentiation. This variant most commonly occurs in the head and neck region with a few cases reported in long bones of the limbs. It may be associated with poorer clinical outcome and could pose a diagnostic challenge(s) particularly if it occurs in older patients or as a metastatic lesion. We present a case of Ewing sarcoma in the metatarsal of an 11 year old boy that manifested adamantinoma-like morphology after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has been reported to induce neuronal maturation and rhabdoid morphology in cases of Ewing sarcoma, but no reports of treatment induced squamous differentiation with P40/P63 expression have been demonstrated. This is also the first documented case to use a pedicled osteocutaneous fibular transfer in a metatarsal malignancy, which is usually treated by either ray or below knee amputation.
Irrigation pipe distribution network optimization with Jaya Algorithm: a hybrid approach
Authors: Gajghate Preeti Walmik , Mirajkar Ashwini B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study demonstrates the implementation of Jaya Algorithm (JA) to optimize the Irrigation Pipe Distribution Network (IPDN) for the networks of the Kanhan Branch of Pench project, Maharashtra, India. In the present work, two case studies with their networks of two different sizes are designed using the Critical Path Method (CPM). The pipe diameters thus obtained in CPM are optimized using two optimization techniques, viz. linear programming (LP) and recently developed Jaya Algorithm (JA). JA is a relatively new optimization technique requiring minimum input parameters and are selected based on sensitivity analysis. The comparison of the results using LP and JA exhibits significant reduction in cost of IPDN using newly developed JA. The scope of reduction in the total cost using JA increases with increase in the network area.
A EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS NAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS FEDERAIS DA AMAZÔNIA: o Pacto Universitário e as iniciativas institucionais
Authors: Guimarães Queiroz Simões Helena Cristina , De Araújo Moraes Andrade Jemina , De Andrade Barleta Ilma 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta a politíca de Educação em Direitos Humanos (EDH), no âmbito da educação superior, e algumas estratégias de efetividade nas universidades, pertencentes à Amazônia brasileira. A pesquisa parte da problemática sobre quais ações, em EDH, tornaram-se possíveis concretizar nas instituições superiores de natureza pública federal, especificamente nos eixos: institucionalização, ações afirmativas, núcleos, coletivos, cátedras e observatórios. É uma pesquisa documental, cuja base de análise é o Relatório sintético de iniciativas do Pacto Universitário pela Promoção do Respeito à Diversidade, da Cultura da Paz e dos Direitos Humanos, consolidado pelo Ministério da Educação, em 2018. Os resultados apontam que, embora seja um rol exemplificativo de ações em EDH, houve avanços institucionalizados, especialmente em relação à diversidade social amazônica, que podem ser replicados e que possuem um efeito de capilaridade na comunidade universitária, mas que é necessário maior troca de experiências entre as IES, para consolidação em rede.
Rugby femenino: Análisis de la ingesta de macronutrientes y líquidos
Authors: Valenti Karen , Carrió Maria Josefina , Ravelli Sandra 
Published: April 2021

En los últimos años el rugby como práctica deportiva femenina, creció considerablemente. La ingesta de macronutrientes, líquidos entre otros factores influyen en el rendimiento deportivo. Una alimentación inadecuada, puede disminuir la performance deportiva.
Objetivo: Evaluar la ingesta de macronutrientes y líquidos, en rugbiers femeninas de club Querandi de Santa Fe, 2018.
Metodología: Se aplicó a 14 jugadoras de rugby amateurs, tres recordatorios de 24 hs, para determinar la ingesta energética, de macronutrientes y líquidos.
Resultados: La ingesta energética media de las jugadoras fue de 1832,17 (±553,23) kcal. El aporte de hidratos de carbono de 50,03 (±0,07) %, las proteínas de 14,97 (±0,04) % y las grasas de 33,93 (±0,06) % de las kcal totales para el deporte. En cuanto a los líquidos, el 85,71% de las rugbiers no alcanzaron las recomendaciones. El consumo promedio de agua fue de 769,06 (±323,17) ml.
Conclusión: Las jugadoras cumplieron con las recomendaciones energéticas, de hidratos de carbono y lípidos. Presentaron ingesta proteica elevada según las recomendaciones. La ingesta de líquidos fue inferior a las recomendaciones.
MORAL ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENTS᾿ PROFESSIONAL FORMATION
Authors: Khavula Roman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The article considers the moral sphere of the individual as a necessary condition for the existence and effective functioning of man in society. It is emphasized that moral norms regulate interpersonal interaction, which is associated with professional activities, and morality is the basis for effective interaction between people.
Moral guidelines as a basis of maturity from the standpoint of the system-subject approach are analyzed. It is noted that moral values are formed on the basis of human needs, and value in general is formed in relation to the object that is able to meet human needs. Moral judgments are seen as a process of social decision-making based on numerous factors.
The generalization of the views of researchers dealing with the moral sphere of personality, allowed within the concept of moral development of personality, to distinguish three stages of moral development of the individual: pre-moral, conventional (guided by most members of society) and post-conventional, which requires the following factors: social contacts, high level intelligence, independence from authorities.
It is determined that morality is an individual property of the individual, based on the norms of morality. For the formation of morality it necessary to determine the following basic foundations of morality: biological, spiritual, social, pragmatic.
It is established that the highest level of personal and professional self-determination is the moral, value-semantic level, which has a great influence on professional self-determination and professional development of a person.
It is emphasized that moral guidelines as a tool of social regulation are a necessary prerequisite and resource for successful professional development and play a crucial role in the course of professional development and the effectiveness of professional activity. It is noted that the key stage of professional development in the study of moral guidelines is the acquisition of higher education. It was found that in the process of learning in adolescents, moral guidelines reflect the general ethical values accepted in society and serve as a basis for the formation of specific professional values adopted in the profession, which is mastered by the student.
Learning During COVID-19: Rapid E-Learning Transition at a Regional Medical School Campus
Authors: Moore Ramey , Purvis Rachel , Bogulski Cari , Maddox Tina , Haggard-Duff Lauren , Schulz Tom , Warmack Scott , McElfish Pearl 
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 has changed the day-to-day landscape of education for students, faculty, and staff worldwide, and this is especially true for students in health sciences and medical education programs. This paper explores the effects of the rapid shift to e-learning modalities for students at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, a regional medical campus located in Northwest Arkansas. A survey and open-ended written interview questions was conducted with a total of 144 student respondents and in-depth follow up interviews were conducted with 29 of those students. Utilizing descriptive statistics and qualitative descriptive analysis, the survey and interviews explored the effects of COVID-19 on the lived experiences of students as part of the transition to e-learning. We found that 64.5% students reported satisfaction with the transition to e-learning as good or very good and the primary themes that influenced e-learning success for students were: Communication, technology, pedagogy, and community.