bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The case for neurons: a no-go theorem for consciousness on a chip
Authors: Kleiner Johannes , Ludwig Tim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We apply the methodology of no-go theorems as developed in physics to the question of artificial consciousness. The result is a no-go theorem which shows that under a general assumption, called dynamical relevance, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that run on contemporary computer chips cannot be conscious. Consciousness is dynamically relevant, simply put, if, according to a theory of consciousness, it is relevant for the temporal evolution of a system’s states. The no-go theorem rests on facts about semiconductor development: that AI systems run on central processing units, graphics processing units, tensor processing units, or other processors which have been designed and verified to adhere to computational dynamics that systematically preclude or suppress deviations. Whether our result resolves the question of AI consciousness on contemporary processors depends on the truth of the theorem’s main assumption, dynamical relevance, which this paper does not establish.
Effects on Multimodal Connectivity Patterns in Female Schizophrenia During 8 Weeks of Antipsychotic Treatment
Authors: Gao Shuzhan , Sun Yunkai , Wu Fan , Jiang Jing , Peng Ting , Zhang Rongrong , Ling Chenxi , Han Yanlin , Xu Qing , Zou Lulu , Liao Yanhui , Liang Chuang , Zhang Daoqiang , Qi Shile , Tang Jinsong , Xu Xijia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Respective abnormal structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) have been reported in individuals with schizophrenia. However, transmodal associations between SC and FC following antipsychotic treatment, especially in female schizophrenia, remain unclear. We hypothesized that increased SC-FC coupling may be found in female schizophrenia, and could be normalized after antipsychotic treatment.

Study Design
Sixty-four female drug-naïve patients with first-diagnosed schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic drugs for 8 weeks, and 55 female healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from HCs at baseline and from patients at baseline and after treatment. SC and FC were analyzed by network-based statistics, calculating nonzero SC-FC coupling of the whole brain and altered connectivity following treatment. Finally, an Elastic-net logistic regression analysis was employed to establish a predictive model for evaluating the clinical efficacy treatment.

Study Results
At baseline, female schizophrenia patients exhibited abnormal SC in cortico-cortical, frontal-limbic, frontal-striatal, limbic-striatal, and limbic-cerebellar connectivity compared to HCs, while FC showed no abnormalities. Following treatment, cortico-cortical, frontal-limbic, frontal-striatal, limbic-striatal, temporal-cerebellar, and limbic-cerebellar connectivity were altered in both SC and FC. Additionally, SC-FC coupling of altered connectivity was higher in patients at baseline than in HC, trending toward normalization after treatment. Furthermore, identified FC or/and SC predicted changes in psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairment among female schizophrenia following treatment.

Conclusions
SC-FC coupling may be a potential predictive biomarker of treatment response. Cortico-cortical, frontal-limbic, frontal-striatal, limbic-striatal, temporal-cerebellar, and limbic-cerebellar could represent major targets for antipsychotic drugs in female schizophrenia.
The performance of ejection fraction as a predictor of mortality and morbidity in acute aluminium phosphide poisoning
Authors: Zaghary Meray Medhat Shokry , Ali Hasnaa Ahmed Ahmed , Ahmed Asmaa Mohammed Khalaf 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aluminium phosphide poison become an alarming, well-known, effective suicidal poison with a high mortality rate. There is a need for a simple tool that can triage patients with bad prognosis. The study aimed to assess the accuracy of ejection fraction as a predictor of mortality and morbidity in acute aluminium phosphide toxicity cases. The study involved 70 cases of acutely aluminium phosphide-poisoned patients in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2024. The study found that 54.3% of the cases were males and 45.7% were females, with a mean age of 22.4 ± 11.8 years old. The oral route was the route of administration of all cases, and the intention of poisoning was intentional in 84.3% of cases. Regarding the outcome of patients, 62.9% of the cases recovered, and 37.1% died. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve found that the ejection fraction below 37.5% had an accuracy rate of 96.8% with excellent discrimination for mortality, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.2%, positive predictive value of 89.6%, and negative predictive value of 100%. The ejection fraction below 52.5% had an accuracy rate of 89% with good discrimination for complications, sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 96.8%, positive predictive value of 90.9%, and negative predictive value of 93.7%. So, the ejection fraction plays an essential tool in predicting mortality and complications in acute aluminium phosphide toxicity and should be assessed on every patient in the first 24 h of admission to facilitate the triage of these patients.
Rehabilitation for Physical Frailty in Lung Transplant Candidates: A Systematic Review
Authors: McGarrigle Laura , Norman Gill , Hurst Helen , Gillespie Loraine , Todd Chris 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Physical frailty is prevalent in lung transplant (LTx) candidates and is linked to adverse outcomes preoperatively and postoperatively. Exercise is beneficial in optimizing exercise capacity and quality of life in candidates, but its impact on physical frailty is unknown.

Methods:
We prospectively registered and published a protocol (PROSPERO CRD42022363730) before undertaking a systematic review. We searched 4 databases plus trial registries from 1980 to February 2024 for studies of exercise interventions in adults awaiting LTx. Outcomes were measures or surrogate markers of physical frailty. An NIH assessment tool was used to assess study quality, and certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.

Results:
Fifteen studies (664 patients) were included. Interventions were in-person pulmonary rehabilitation, home exercise, and telerehabilitation. Studies included aerobic, resistance, balance, and breathing training. Only 2 studies assessed frailty using a phenotypic measure. Studies demonstrated improvement in some surrogate frailty outcomes including the Short Physical Performance Battery, 5 times sit-to-stand test, and handgrip or muscle strength measures. The study quality was fair or poor; evidence was low or very low certainty for all outcomes due to imprecision and high risk of bias. Uncontrolled study designs and heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes limit conclusions on effectiveness.

Conclusions:
Exercise training appears beneficial in modifying surrogate markers of physical frailty before LTx, but conclusions are limited by low or very low certainty evidence. High quality randomized trials are needed to determine the impact of exercise interventions on physical frailty and to develop guidelines for LTx prehabilitation.
Audit of a Novel Nurse-Led Program for Non-Antibiotic Management of Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
Authors: Alibrahim Huseen , Pinto Jessica , Sabboobeh Sarah , Boukhili Neyla , Demian Marie , Vasilevsky Carol-Ann , Boutros Marylise 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Non-antibiotic outpatient treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe; however, uptake remains low.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the success of non-antibiotic management of uncomplicated diverticulitis through a nurse clinician-led outpatient program.

DESIGN:
Retrospective audit from June 2022-March 2024.

SETTINGS:
Nurse clinician-led outpatient program for non-antibiotic management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis at a university-affiliated hospital.

PATIENTS:
Immunocompetent adults with CT-proven acute uncomplicated diverticulitis and C-reactive protein <150 mg/L. Eligible patients not referred to the program but treated in the Emergency Department during the same time period were also reviewed.

INTERVENTIONS:
This program included education, diet modification, analgesia, clinic visit, and telephone follow-ups by a nurse-clinician.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Primary outcome was success of the program, defined as the proportion not requiring an Emergency Department visit, admissions within 60 days of diagnosis or need for antibiotics.

RESULTS:
Of 236 patients referred to the program, 84 met inclusion criteria, of which 43 (51.2%) were started on antibiotics before referral but were treated by the program. Forty-one (48.8%) completed the non-antibiotic protocol (48.8%, n = 41), with 97.6% success. Concurrently, 219 eligible patients were treated in the Emergency Department but not referred to the program. There was no difference in the number of Emergency Department visits between the 2 groups [program: n = 7 (8.3%) vs Emergency Department: n = 27 (12.3%)] within 60 days of diagnosis. Two patients (2.3%) treated in the program required admission, while 7 (3.2%) patients in the Emergency Department group were admitted. Overall, antibiotics were started before referral in 51.2% of patients in the program compared to 92.2% in the Emergency Department (p < 0.005).

LIMITATIONS:
Modest sample size, single institutional data and retrospective design.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of non-antibiotic treatment for mild acute uncomplicated diverticulitis can be successful using an outpatient nurse-clinician led program with referrals from the Emergency Department and community. See Video Abstract.
Guideline Concordant Extended Pharmacologic Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Utilization After Colorectal Cancer Resection Is Low Regardless of Patient Factors or Hospital Characteristics
Authors: Donahue Colleen , Brinton Daniel , Booth Alexander , Westfal Maggie , George Virgilio , Maxwell Pinckney Johnstone , Simpson Kit , Curran Thomas 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Venous thromboembolism after colorectal cancer resection is common and highly morbid. Extended pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after cancer surgery lowers venous thromboembolism risk and is recommended by major professional societies. Adherence is low in contemporary local and regional studies.

OBJECTIVE:
Assess patient and hospital factors associated with receipt of prophylaxis after colorectal cancer surgery in a national data set.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTINGS:
Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results Medicare dataset.

PATIENTS:
Patients over age 64 undergoing resection for colorectal cancer between 2016 and 2017.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Primary outcome was receipt of prophylaxis within 7 days of discharge. Patient and hospital factors associated with receiving prophylaxis were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Secondary outcomes included 30- and 90-day venous thromboembolism.

RESULTS:
Of 23,527 patients, 4.7% received prophylaxis. Utilization increased from 2016 to 2017 (3.9% vs. 5.5%; p < 0.001). Patients treated at National Cancer Institute designated hospitals received prophylaxis more frequently than teaching, non-National Cancer Institute hospitals and non-teaching, non-National Cancer Institute hospitals (10.2% vs. 5.6% vs. 1.7%; p < 0.001). Patients receiving care at larger hospitals by bed size quartile were more likely to receive prophylaxis compared to those at smaller hospitals (9.0% vs. 4.0% vs. 3.4% vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). On multivariable regression, National Cancer Institute status, larger bed size, White race (compared to other), rectal tumor location and more recent year of treatment were independently associated with prophylaxis utilization. Venous thromboembolism events at 30- and 90-days were 1.87% and 2.63%, respectively. Prophylaxis was associated with decreased 30-day venous thromboembolism (1.26% vs. 1.9%; p = 0.1211).

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective, large database study.

CONCLUSIONS:
Utilization of prophylaxis after colorectal cancer surgery remains limited even in large, specialized hospitals. Further work is needed to understand this departure from guideline concordant care. See Video Abstract.
Jazz dancing for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscle strength, and sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial with 6- and 12-month follow-ups
Authors: Bocchi Martins Julia Beatriz , Fausto Danielly Yani , Sonza Anelise , Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães Adriana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of 16 weeks of Jazz Dance training compared to a control group in postmenopausal women, postintervention, and at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscle strength, and sleep quality.

Methods
Two-arm randomized clinical trial with a total of 47 women (jazz dance intervention group [JDIG] [n = 23] and control group (CG) [n = 24]) with a mean age of 53.41 ± 2.8 y. Data collection was carried out at four times, baseline, postintervention, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups using the 6-minute walk test (cardiorespiratory fitness); bioimpedance (body composition); isokinetic dynamometry (muscle strength); and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (sleep quality).

Results
In the intention-to-treat analysis, the results showed positive differences for the JDIG in cardiorespiratory fitness at all time points (P = 0.034) and in the group x time interaction (P = <0.001). Lower limb muscle strength showed differences from baseline to postintervention and from baseline to the 12-month follow-up for the concentric force ratio (P = 0.021; P = 0.009). However, for peak extension and flexion, the results were not positive for the JDIG. There was a short-term improvement in sleep duration for the JDIG (P = 0.001) and significant intergroup differences in subjective sleep quality, where the JDIG showed better results compared to the CG (P = 0.041).

Conclusions
Jazz Dance is effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (in the short, medium, and long term) and sleep quality (in the short and medium term); however, it does not seem to have presented sufficient intensity and duration for facilitating changes in body composition or increasing lower limb muscle strength in postmenopausal women.
Emotional Distress in Younger (<55 Years) and Older (≥55) Patients After a First-Time Myocardial Infarction and Its Prospective Associations With Working Status and Secondary Preventive Goals Among the Younger Cohort
Authors: Almén Niclas , Leissner Philip , Hambraeus Kristina , Borg Sabina , Norlund Fredrika , Henriksson Catrin , Johansson Pelle , Olsson Erik M.G. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Research has shown that younger patients who have had a myocardial infarction (MI) experience more emotional distress than their older counterparts.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to compare emotional distress 2 months post-MI (follow-up 1) between younger (<55) vs older (≥55) patients in Sweden, and investigate its impact on working status and 4 secondary preventive goals 1 year after MI (follow-up 2).

Methods
Data (N = 50 213) from the SWEDEHEART National Quality Registers for Cardiac Care, which covers approximately 90% of all MIs in Sweden, were used.

Results
After adjusting for confounders, logistic regression analyses showed that younger patients who had experienced an MI had higher odds of experiencing emotional distress than older patients at follow-up 1 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52–1.67) and follow-up 2 (AOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.40–1.55). Emotional distress at follow-up 1 was associated with lower odds of working (AOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.53–0.67) and achieving smoking and physical activity goals (AOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67–0.86; AOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76–0.91) at follow-up 2. However, emotional distress was not associated with achieving goals for low-density lipoproteins or systolic blood pressure at follow-up 2.

Conclusions
Younger patients experienced emotional distress more often after a first-time MI than their older counterparts, and their distress predicted long-term lower levels of returning to work and achievement of smoking and physical activity goals. The results highlight the importance of identifying younger patients who have had an MI and are experiencing emotional distress, and offering them interventions targeting distress.
Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model to predict major adverse cardiovascular events after noncardiac surgery in geriatric patients: a prospective study
Authors: Yu Jiayu , Peng Xiran , Zhou Ruihao , Zhu Tao , Hao Xuechao 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 30 days following noncardiac surgery are prognostically relevant. Accurate prediction of risk and modifiable risk factors for postoperative MACEs is critical for surgical planning and patient outcomes. We aimed to develop and validate an accurate and easy-to-use machine learning model for predicting postoperative MACEs in geriatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Materials and methods:
The cohort study was conducted at an academic medical center between June 2019 and February 2023. The outcome was postoperative MACEs within 30 days after surgery. Significant predictors were selected using permutation-shuffling. Ten machine learning models were established and compared with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). The SHapley Additive exPlanations algorithm was used to interpret the models.

Results:
Of the 18,395 patients included, 354 (1.92%) experienced postoperative MACEs. Eighteen predictors were included in model development. The AutoGluon model outperformed other models and the RCRI with an AUROC of 0.884 (95% CI: 0.878–0.890), an accuracy of 0.976 (95% CI: 0.973–0.978), and a Brier score of 0.023 (95% CI: 0.020–0.026). In interpretability analyses, the hemoglobin level was the most important predictor. We identified the relationships between predictors and postoperative MACEs and interaction effects between some predictors. The AutoGluon model has been deployed as a web-based tool for further external validation (https://huggingface.co/spaces/MDC2J/Predicting_postoperative_MACEs).

Conclusion:
In this prospective study, the AutoGluon model could accurately predict MACEs after noncardiac surgery in geriatric patients, outperforming existing models and the RCRI. Subsequent interpretability analysis can provide insight into how our model works and help personalize surgical strategies.
Positioning of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Surgical Implications
Authors: Charoenvicha Chirakan , Sirikul Wachiranun , Thaweethanasit Ditsayanin , Kongmebhol Pailin , Madla Chakri , Wongtriratanachai Puttan 
Published: December 2024

Background
The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), a crucial branch of the trigeminal nerve, innervates the mandible. Precise knowledge of IAN positioning ensures surgical safety.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed head and neck computed tomography scans from Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. Inclusion criteria comprised dentate adults. Exclusion criteria included mandibular trauma/pathology or prior surgery. The study aimed to determine IAN positioning relative to key surgical landmarks: the first molar, lingula, and mental foramen.

Results
A total of 450 Thai mandibles (900 hemimandibles) with a mean age of 36 years (58.2% male) were included. No significant differences were observed in IAN positioning relative to the first molar between the left and right sides in superior and inferior landmarks. However, the buccal distance was significantly closer on the left. The lingula distance was higher on the left, whereas that to the mental foramen was lower.

Conclusion
Surgical implications suggest maintaining a 15-mm distance from the lower mandibular border during osteotomy and upper plate placement, restricting horizontal cuts within this 15-mm range from the lingula, and ensuring screws do not extend more than 7 mm from the buccal surface. This study provides valuable guidance for minimizing the risk of iatrogenic injury to the IAN.
Assessing the Reliability of YouTube Content for Plastic Surgery Patient Information in Africa With the Modified DISCERN and JAMA Scores
Authors: Alice Umutoni , Dadson Shirley S. , Edeh Emmanuel , Ndudi Mbonu G. , Kuol Piel P. , Barasa Theophilus , Ojamah Okojie S. , Nkansah-Poku Kwadwo A.B. , Nyarko Emmanuel B. , Majata Ebenisha Choonya , Kanmounye Ulrick Sidney 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
YouTube has become a popular source of health information, including plastic surgery. Given the platform's wide reach and potential influence on patient decisions, this study aimed to assess the quality of information available on YouTube for African audiences seeking plastic surgery procedures.

Methods
This cross-sectional study extracted data from YouTube videos on plastic surgery relevant to Africa. A search strategy identified videos in English using keywords. The first 50 results for each term were included, with duplicates removed. Next, the metadata of videos published from inception to June 9, 2024, were extracted. Two reviewers independently assessed videos using standardized tools to evaluate reliability (modified DISCERN and JAMA criteria) and engagement (likes-to-views ratio [LVR] and comments-to-views ratio [CVR]). The Mann-Whitney U test was used for unadjusted bivariable comparisons. Then ordinal logistic and beta regression analyses were used to evaluate the primary (modified DISCERN and JAMA scores) and secondary (LVR and CVR) outcomes, with a statistical significance level set at 0.05.

Results
Eight hundred ninety-seven plastic surgery videos were analyzed, and 3.9% were published by African entities. Large subscriber count (coefficient = −6.9e-8, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−1.13e-7, −2.9e-8], P = 0.001), African-authored (coefficient = −0.85, 95% CI [−1.44, −0.25], P = 0.005), and advertising (coefficient = −1.01, 95% CI [−1.63, −0.57], P < 0.001) videos had lower modified DISCERN scores. Advertising videos equally had lower JAMA scores (coefficient = −1.29, 95% CI [−1.83, −0.74], P < 0.001). Academic videos had lower LVR (coefficient = −0.48, 95% CI [−0.66, −0.30], P < 0.001), whereas independent videos had higher LVR (coefficient = 0.40, 95% CI [0.26, 0.54], P < 0.001). Academic videos had lower CVR (coefficient = −0.40, 95% CI [−0.67, −0.13], P = 0.003), whereas videos with other purposes had higher CVR (coefficient = 0.37, 95% CI [0.10, 0.64], P = 0.007).

Conclusions
This study underscores a potential disparity in the quality of online plastic surgery information based on video sources and purposes.