bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAFLD: Renovation of clinical practice and disease awareness of fatty liver
Authors: Kawaguchi Takumi , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Nakano Dan , Torimura Takuji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, international expert panels have proposed a new definition of fatty liver: metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD is not just a simple renaming of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The unique feature of MAFLD is the inclusion of metabolic dysfunctions, which are high‐risk factors for events. In addition, MAFLD is independent of alcohol intake and the co‐existing causes of liver disease. This new concept of MAFLD may have a widespread impact on patients, medical doctors, medical staff, and various stakeholders regarding fatty liver. Thus, MAFLD may renovate clinical practice and disease awareness of fatty liver. In this review, we introduce the definition of and rationale for MAFLD. We further describe representative cases showing how the diagnostic processes differ between MAFLD and NAFLD. We also summarize recent studies comparing MAFLD with NAFLD and discuss the impact of MAFLD on clinical trials, Japanese populations, and disease awareness.
Concordance between core needle biopsy and surgical excision specimens for Ki‐67 in breast cancer – a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kalvala Jahnavi , Parks Ruth M , Green Andrew R , Cheung Kwok‐Leung 
Published: September 2021

AimsThe biomarkers oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are routinely measured in patients with breast cancer with international consensus on how they should be interpreted. There is evidence to support use of other biomarkers to give more detailed predictive and prognostic information. Ki‐67 is one example, and measures the proliferative activity of cancer cells. It is important that this can be performed at diagnosis of breast cancer for patients who do not have initial surgical treatment (mainly older women) and those receiving neoadjuvant therapies.Methods and resultsA systematic review was performed to assess concordance of measurement of Ki‐67 between core needle biopsy (CNB) samples and surgical excision (SE) samples in patients with invasive breast cancer. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched. Studies were eligible if performed within the last 10 years; included quantitative measurement of Ki‐67 in both CNB and SE samples with no prior breast cancer treatment; measured concordance between two samples; and had full text available. A total of 22 studies, including 5982 paired CNB and SE samples on which Ki‐67 was measured, were appraised. Overall, there appeared to be concordance; however, reliability was unclear. Where given, the Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) of correlation between samples ranged from 0.261 to 0.712. The concordance rate between CNB and SE where measured as a percentage had a range from 70.3 to 92.7%ConclusionsAssessment of level of concordance of Ki‐67 between CNB and SE samples is hampered by different methodologies. International consensus on Ki‐67 measurement is urgently needed.
Effectiveness of D,L‐2‐hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) and alpha‐mangostin against endodontopathogenic microorganisms in a multispecies bacterial–fungal biofilm in anex vivotooth model
Authors: Leelapornpisid Warat , Novak‐Frazer Lilyann , Qualtrough Alison , Rautemaa‐Richardson Riina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo develop a defined multispecies root canal biofilm modelex vivo, and to perform viable compositional analysis following D,L‐2‐hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA), alpha‐mangostin, Calcicur®, and Odontopaste®exposure.MethodologyTime‐kill assays were conductedin vitrousing HICA, alpha‐mangostin, Calcicur®, Odontopaste®, and saline solution on the planktonic cultures ofC. albicans,E. faecalis,L. rhamnosus, andS. gordonii. Human root dentine blocks were prepared (n = 100)ex vivo, and multispecies suspensions containing each of 1.5 × 108 CFU/mLC. albicans,E. faecalis,L. rhamnosus, andS. gordoniiin brain heart infusion (BHI) were incubated within the root canals for 21 days. Canals (n = 20/group) were then exposed to medicaments for 7 days. Samples taken from the inner (first 0.1 mm) and deeper (second 0.1 mm) dentine by drilling with Ash Steel Burs No. 5 and No. 6, and residual roots were cultured in broth for 24 h. Cell growth was detected by spectrophotometry and confirmed by culture on agar. The other set of inner dentine, deeper dentine, and residual root samples were sonicated, and then exposed with 50 μM PMA before DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. Real‐time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the biofilm composition as well as the number of live and total cells remaining in the biofilm following each treatment. The OD data were analysed with Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test between and within groups, respectively, agar culture and qPCR data with Pearson chi‐square with Mann–Whitney and Cochran with McNemar tests, respectively (p < .0001).ResultsTime‐kill assays revealed that HICA and Calcicur®killed all planktonic organisms within 24 h, whilst alpha‐mangostin killed the organisms within 72 h. However, Odontopaste®was a slow‐killing agent: 10 cells of planktonic organisms survived after exposure to the agent for 7 days. Theex vivotooth model demonstrated that HICA and alpha‐mangostin significantly inhibited the cell growth in all sampling depths (p < .0001). All species‐specific data revealed the effectiveness of each medicament on the biofilm composition.ConclusionsD,L‐2‐hydroxyisocaproic acid and alpha‐mangostin had antimicrobial activity against multispecies bacterial–fungal biofilms.
Effect of water‐soluble magnesium lactate on the volume stability of refractory castables containing calcium aluminate cement
Authors: Guo Liu , Fu Yunhe , Zhao Zongqiang , Cui Junyan , Mu Yuandong , Jia Quanli , Chen Liugang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA kind of organic magnesium salt, water‐soluble magnesium lactate, was used as the MgO‐precursor in new forms to identify the particular impact of additive dispersity on properties of calcium aluminate cement (CAC)‐bonded castables, especially the volume stability. Magnesium lactate could dissolve in water in the mixing process, distribute uniformly, and decompose during heating, providing space for counterbalancing the expansion from in‐situ calcium aluminates and MgAl2O4 spinel generation. Hence, in this study, CAC‐bonded castables containing 0–1.2 wt% magnesium lactate were prepared. The volume stability and thermo‐mechanical strength of castables were tested. Results show that the dissolution of magnesium lactate in water distinctly enhances the volume stability of castables. To understand the underlying mechanism of water‐soluble magnesium lactate on the samples, phase compositions and microstructure development of castable matrices were examined.
Compassion fatigue among haemodialysis nurses in public and private hospitals in China
Authors: Wang Yun‐Yan , Xiong Ying , Zhang Ying , Li Chun‐Yin , Fu Li‐Li , Luo Hua‐Li , Sun Yan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThis study was conducted to identify and compare the levels of compassion fatigue and job satisfaction among haemodialysis nurses in public and private hospitals in China and explore explanatory factors based on sociodemographic and occupational characteristics.MethodsA descriptive study was conducted using a self‐designed demographic questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, with responses from 283 haemodialysis nurses working at six public and private hospitals in China between June and November 2018.ResultsThe compassion fatigue score of public hospital nurses was significantly higher than that of private hospital nurses. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in compassion fatigue among nurses based on the number of years worked, nature of employment, and education level. Correlational analysis showed a negative correlation between overall job satisfaction and compassion fatigue in both public and private hospitals. Multiple regression analysis showed that compassion fatigue among haemodialysis nurses in public hospitals was associated with years worked, type of employment, and intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction, whereas in private hospitals, education level, years worked, and intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction were significant.ConclusionHaemodialysis nurses in public hospitals are more likely to develop compassion fatigue than those in private hospitals.
Contraceptive literacy among school‐going adolescents in Botswana
Authors: Barchi Francis , Ntshebe Oleosi , Apps Helen , Ramaphane Peggie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo examine adolescent contraceptive literacy and condom knowledge in Botswana.BackgroundIn Botswana, adolescent HIV infection rates remain high and unintended pregnancies are the predominant reason girls drop out of school. Despite a national mandate for comprehensive sexuality education and youth‐friendly health services, access to accurate sexual and reproductive health information for adolescents remains limited.MethodsTwo hundred forty adolescents attending secondary schools in Maun, Botswana, completed cross‐sectional surveys in 2020. Bivariate and logistic regression examined factors associated with contraceptive literacy and self‐reported condom knowledge.FindingsAlthough 90% of students were aware of one or more forms of contraception, only 67% could name a method for which they knew a source and only half of sexually active respondents had used birth control during their last sexual experience. Respondents reported that teachers and family members were the most important sources of information; only 8.2% of respondents identified health professionals in that role. Adolescents who consulted nurses had eight times greater odds of reporting correct condom‐use knowledge than those who consulted teachers.Implications for Nursing PolicyThe positive association between adolescents’ condom‐use knowledge and nurses as information resources supports a call to expand nurses’ role in health education in secondary schools and clinics in Botswana. Education and training programs for health professionals that build communication skills for working with adolescents should be promoted as an essential step in youth‐friendly service provision.ConclusionContraceptive literacy among adolescents in Botswana is low and may contribute to risk behaviors that drive rates of HIV and pregnancies in this population. Interventions to reduce adolescent HIV risk behaviors and unintended pregnancy may prove more effective if they involve nurses as communicators and educators.
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of ZrO2 coating deposited by EB‐PVD
Authors: Gao Jin , Jing Yuhang , He Xiaodong , Jiang Chunzhu , Song Guangping , Zheng Yongting , Bai Yuelei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations have been used for electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB‐PVD) of ZrO2 coatings, with the critical potential function fitted by full first‐principles calculations in the framework of density functional theory, emphasizing the effect of critical processing parameters, for example, the substrate temperature (600–1150 K), deposition rate (0.03–7.5 μm/min), and initial kinetic energy (0–0.5 eV). Here, the interaction between ZrO2 particles is described by coarse grain (CG) model with a numerical non‐bonded potential developed by multi‐iterative boltzmann inversion (multi‐IBI). Overall, the calculated energy barrier by the nudged elastic band (NEB) shows the internal diffusion (3.29–4.80 eV) requires more energy than the surface diffusion (2.90–3.42 eV), because of fewer surrounding particles in the latter. Moreover, the energy barrier of Line Jump is smaller than that of Schwoebel Jump, contributing to the columnar grains rather than a dense coating. Of importance, the simulated morphologies of ZrO2 coatings are well consistent to experiments, with a weaker effect from the substrate temperature, initial kinetic energy to deposition rate. Furthermore, the porosity can be effectively reduced by increasing the temperature and initial kinetic energy, however, with a slight increase when increasing the deposition rate.
Periodontal furcation lesions: A survey of diagnosis and management by general dental practitioners
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Shemie Melissa , Li Guanhong , Ting Rachel , Asimakopoulou Koula , Barbagallo Giovanni , Lee Ryan , Eickholz Peter , Kocher Thomas , Walter Clemens , Aimetti Mario , Rüdiger Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore general dental practitioners' (GDPs) attitude to periodontal furcation involvement (FI).Materials and methodsAn online survey focused on diagnosis and management of periodontal FI was circulated to GDPs in seven different countries.ResultsA total of 400 responses were collected. Nearly a fifth of participants reported rarely or never taking 6‐point pocket charts; 65.8% of participants had access to a Nabers probe in their practice. When shown clinical pictures and radiographs of FI‐involved molars, the majority of participants correctly diagnosed it. Although 47.1% of participants were very/extremely confident in detecting FI, only 8.9% felt very/extremely confident at treating it. Differences in responses were detected according to country and year of qualification, with a trend towards less interest in periodontal diagnosis and treatment in younger generations. Lack of knowledge of management/referral pathways (reported by 22.8%) and lack of correct equipment were considered the biggest barriers to FI management. Most participants (80.9%) were interested in learning more about FI, ideally face to face followed by online tutorials.ConclusionsPlans should be put in place to improve general dentists' knowledge and ability to manage FI, as this can have a significant impact on public health.
Recent progress in research on the gut microbiota and highland adaptation on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liu Kui , Yang Jinshui , Yuan Hongli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrobial communities that inhabit the host's intestine influence many aspects of the host's health and bear the adaptive potential to alterations in harsh environments and diets. The Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau represents one of the harshest environments in the world. Preliminary progress has been made in identifying the communities of gut microbes in Indigenous Tibetans and non‐human animals. However, due to the complexity of microbial communities, the effects of gut microbes on the host's health and high‐plateau adaptation remain unexplained. Herein, we review the latest progress in identifying factors affecting the gut microbiota of native Tibetans and non‐human animals and highlight the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, health and highland adaptation, which provides a basis for exploring the correlations between the gut microbiota and clinical indexes in native highland residents and travellers, as well as developing microbiota‐based strategies to mitigate health risks for tourists and treatments for mountain sickness during high‐altitude travel in the future.
A multi‐epitope chimeric protein elicited a strong antibody response and partial protection against Edwardsiella ictaluri in Nile tilapia
Authors: Machimbirike Vimbai Irene , Pornputtapong Natapol , Senapin Saengchan , Wangkahart Eakapol , Srisapoome Prapansak , Khunrae Pongsak , Rattanarojpong Triwit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEdwardsiella ictaluri infects several fish species and protection of the all the susceptible fish hosts from the pathogen using a monovalent vaccine is impossible because the species is composed of host‐based genotypes that are genetic, serological and antigenic heterogenous. Here, immunoinformatic approach was employed to design a cross‐immunogenic chimeric EiCh protein containing multi‐epitopes. The chimeric EiCh protein is composed of 11 B‐cell epitopes and 7 major histocompatibility complex class II epitopes identified from E. ictaluri immunogenic proteins previously reported. The 49.32 kDa recombinant EiCh protein was expressed in vitro in Escherichia coli BL‐21 (DE3) after which inclusion bodies were successfully solubilized and refolded. Ab initio protein modelling revealed secondary and tertiary structures. Secondary structure was confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Antigenicity of the chimeric EiCh protein was exhibited by strong reactivity with serum from striped catfish and Nile tilapia experimentally infected with E. ictaluri. Furthermore, immunogenicity of the chimeric EiCh protein was investigated in vivo in Nile tilapia juveniles and it was found that the protein could strongly induce production of specific antibodies conferring agglutination activity and partially protected Nile tilapia juveniles with a relative survival percentage (RPS) of 42%. This study explored immunoinformatics as reverse vaccinology approach in vaccine design for aquaculture to manage E. ictaluri infections.
Industrial metabolism analysis of a Chinese wine industry chain based on material flow and input–output analyses
Authors: Liu Lu , Li Jinhua , Jia Zhibin , Liu Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecently, Chinese wine industry has developed rapidly and its sustainability has attracted increasing attention. However, the existing wine industry chain is short and its metabolic pathway and metabolic efficiency remain unknown. Therefore, we selected a representative wine company in China to conduct industrial metabolism analysis (IMA) research based on material flow analysis (MFA) and input–output analysis. MFA model and input–output matrix for the traditional industry chain (TIC) and ecological industry chain (EIC) of the investigated company were established to explore the material flow relationship between the industrial structure and the nodes. A new IMA evaluation index system was developed to evaluate the industrial metabolic efficiency and development trends of two scenarios considered in the study. The results showed that the addition of nodes in EIC promoted the reuse of byproducts and wastes, and reduced the waste of resources. The industrial metabolic efficiency of EIC was also higher than that of TIC. For example, the node material cycle coefficient (Ri) during the preliminary treatment and pressing and fermentation of EIC was increased by 0.041 and 0.127, respectively, compared with TIC. A correlation analysis showed that EIC nodes had stronger pull and push effects on upstream and downstream than those of TIC, and the influence coefficient (Uj) of viticulture and pressing and fermentation increased by 0.168 and 0.112, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the wine industrial layout, improving the overall environmental performance of the industry chain, and promoting sustainable development.
Does Rosacea, a localized skin disease, affect the choroidal thickness?
Authors: Şahin Tayfun , Öztekin Aynure , Cevher Selim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to compare the choroidal thickness (CT) of patients with rosacea with healthy individuals.MethodsThis study was conducted with 42 patients with Papulopustular Rosacea (PPR), 38 patients with Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea (ETR), and gender and age‐matched 37 healthy individuals in the control group. CT measurements were done using the spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography.ResultsChoroidal thickness means were measured as 352 ± 78 μm, 331 ± 67 μm, and 346 ± 83 μm at the subfoveal region; 323 ± 72.3 μm, 303.5 ± 68.4 μm, and 314 ± 80.3 μm at 1000 μm nasal; and 325.2 ± 71 μm, 304.4 ± 52.2 μm, and 309 ± 67 μm at 1000 μm temporal in the PPR, ETR, and control groups, respectively (p > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough rosacea is a common chronic skin disease that could have systemic findings, CT is not affected by this disease.
Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in a rodent model of acute mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: McCunn Patrick , Xu Xiaoyun , Moszczynski Alexander , Li Alex , Brown Arthur , Bartha Robert 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeIdentification of changesin brain microstructure following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) could be instrumental in understanding the underlying pathophysiology. The purpose of this study was to apply neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to a rodent model of mTBI to determine whether microstructural changes could be detected immediately following injury.MethodsFifteen adult male Wistar rats were scanned on a Bruker 9.4 Tesla small animal MRI using a multi‐shell acquisition (30 b = 1000 s/mm2 and 60 b = 2000 s/mm2). Nine animals experienced a single closed head controlled cortical impact followed by NODDI from 1 to 4 h post injury. Region of interest analysis focused on the corpus callosum and hippocampus. A mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine statistically significant interactions in neurite density index (NDI), orientation dispersion index (ODI), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity. Follow up repeated‐measures ANOVAs were used to determine individual changes over time.ResultsNDI showed a significant increase in the hippocampus and corpus callosum following injury, while ODI showed increases in the corpus callosum. No significant changes were observed in the sham control animals. No changes were found in FA, MD, AD, or RD. Histological analysis revealed increased glial fibrillary acidic protein staining relative to controls in both the hippocampus and corpus callosum, with evidence of activated astrocytes in these regions.ConclusionsChanges in NODDI metrics were detected as early as 1 h following mTBI. No changes were detected with conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, suggesting that NODDI provides greater sensitivity to microstructural changes than conventional DTI.
Framing and insurance choices
Authors: Burkovskaya Anastasia , Teperski Adam , Atalay Kadir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe presentation of objective information should not affect a rational decision‐maker; however, in practice, it often does. This paper studies the effect of the framing of contingencies on insurance choices. In several experiments, we presented participants with differently framed insurance tasks, where they had to choose deductibles against two different types of losses. The treatment group received a broad description of the risky situation and was asked to decide on the deductibles jointly, whereas the control group received a narrow description of the same task and was asked to decide on the deductibles separately. We discovered that the distribution of the insurance premium paid was identical in all groups, but the actual choices of the insurance plans were significantly diverse: On average, the treatment group preferred more similar deductibles than did the control group. These results indicate the importance of framing in insurance decision‐making.