bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing solar performance of CFTSe-based solar cells using MoSe2 as an innovative buffer layers
Authors: Moustafa Mohamed , Abu Waar Ziad , Yasin Shadi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, we explore the photovoltaic performance of an innovative high efficiency heterostructure utilizing the quaternary semiconductor Cu2FeSnSe4 (CFTSe). This material features a kesterite symmetrical structure and is distinguished by its non-toxic nature and abundant presence in the earth’s crust. Utilizing the SCAPS simulator, we explore various electrical specifications such as short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), the fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) were explored at a large range of thicknesses, and the acceptor carrier concentration doping (NA). Our results demonstrate that optimized parameters yield a remarkable PCE of 26.47%, accompanied by a Voc of 1.194 V, Jsc of 35.37 mA/cm2, and FF of 62.65% at a CFTSe absorber thickness of 0.5 μm. Furthermore, the performance of the photovoltaic cell is assessed for the defect levels in the CFTSe absorber and MoSe2 buffer layers. Results indicate that deep defect levels above 1 × 1017 cm− 3 lead to a decrease in Jsc. The study also investigates the effect of operating temperature on cell performance within the 300–500 K range. A notable decline in Voc is observed, likely due to an increase in saturation current, suggesting an interaction between temperature and cell behavior. In this work, we propose a practical CFTSe-based structure that replaces conventional buffer layers, such as CdS, with MoSe2 TMDC as a promising alternative buffer layer, paving the way for more sustainable solar technology.
Chitosan nanoencapsulation of Turbinaria triquetra metabolites in the management of podocyturia in nephrotoxic rats
Authors: Abdel-Aal Abdullah , F. Abdel-Aziz A. , El-khayat Zakaria , Mohamed Nadia , Rostom Merit , Tolba Emad , Galal El-Din Shams El-Din Nihal , Mettwally Walaa S. A. , Hamdy Abdelhamid Aly 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug, which exhibits undesirable side effects. Chitosan nanoparticles are promising for drug delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the brown alga Turbinaria triquetra ethyl acetate fraction and polysaccharides, either loaded on chitosan nanoparticles or free, against podocyturia and cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats. Sixty-six male rats were distributed into 11 equal groups: untreated control, chitosan (CSNPs), ethyl acetate fraction (EAE), polysaccharide (PS), EAE loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (EAE-CSNPs), PS loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (PS-CSNPs), Cisplatin or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), CDDP + EAE, CDDP + PS, CDDP + EAE-CSNPs, and CDDP + PS-CSNPs. Serum urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, renal malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, paraoxonase 1, renal nephrin, and podocin, and their renal mRNA gene expressions, as well as urinary nephrin and podocin were determined. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction and polysaccharides, either free or loaded, efficiently attenuated podocyturia and cisplatin nephrotoxicity compared to the Cis group. However, the improvement was higher in the nephrotoxic groups treated with EAE-CSNPs and PS-CSNPs. The current study revealed that chitosan nanoencapsulation showed ameliorative effects against podocyturia and cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats compared to free extracts, offering a new therapeutic strategy for attenuating podocyturia and CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.
Discovery of potent anti-toxoplasmosis drugs from secondary metabolites in Citrus limon (lemon) leaves, supported in-silico study
Authors: Mohammed Magdy Mostafa Desoky , Mohammed Hala Sh. , El Wafa Salwa A. Abu , Ahmed Doaa A. , Heikal Elham A. , Elgohary Islam , Barakat Ashraf M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Toxoplasmosis induced by Toxoplasma gondii is a well-known health threat, that prompts fatal encephalitis increased with immunocompromised patients, in addition, it can cause chorioretinitis, microcephaly, stillbirth in the fetus and even led to death. Standard therapy uses sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine drugs revealed beneficial results during the acute stage, however, it has severe side effects. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS used to explore C. limon MeOH ext. constituents, which revealed a list of 41 metabolites of different classes encompasses; unsaturated fatty acid, tricarboxylic acids, phenolic aldehyde, phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactone, limonoid, steroid and flavonoids. C. limon MeOH ext. and the isolates reduced significantly the number of T. gondii tachyzoites. Consequently, histopathological examination, proved significant reduction in the number of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the kidney and liver sections, besides, lowering the number of shrunken and degenerative neurons in the brain sections of infected mice. Molecular docking study was performed targeted certain receptors, which are important for the life cycle fundamentals for the parasite mobility including invasion and egress, and further molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to get insights into the structural changes of the formed complexes, along with a pharmacophoric mapping approach, that confirmed the need for a free hydroxyl group and/or a phenolic substituted one, in order to form HB, Hyd/Aro and ML interactions, through which, cell cycle disruption via iron chelation, could be achieved. In addition, the ADMIT properties of all identified metabolites were predicted.
Multiplication rate variation of malaria parasites from hospital cases and community infections
Authors: Stewart Lindsay B. , Escolar Elena Lantero , Philpott James , Claessens Antoine , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred , Conway David J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The significance of multiplication rate variation in malaria parasites needs to be determined, particularly for Plasmodium falciparum, the species that causes most virulent infections. To investigate this, parasites from cases presenting to hospital in The Gambia and from local community infections were culture-established and then tested under exponential growth conditions in a standardised six-day multiplication rate assay. The multiplication rate distribution was lower than seen previously in clinical isolates from another area in West Africa where infection is more highly endemic. Multiplication rates were higher in cultured isolates derived from hospital cases (N = 23, mean = 2.9-fold per 48 h) than in those from community infections (N = 11, mean = 1.8-fold)(Mann-Whitney P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between levels of parasitaemia in peripheral blood of sampled individuals and multiplication rates of the isolates in culture (Spearman’s rho = 0.45, P = 0.017). There was no significant difference between isolates containing single parasite genotypes or multiple genotypes at the time of assay, suggesting that parasites do not modify their multiplication rates in response to the presence of different genotypes. It will be important to uncover the mechanisms of this intrinsic multiplication rate variation, and to also investigate the epidemiological distribution and potential associations with infection phenotypes in other populations.
Exploring the structure and properties of $$\alpha$$-sheet based bilayer borophenes
Authors: Rakshit Subrata , Gonzalez Szwacki Nevill 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent experimental realizations of bilayer boron materials motivated us to study the structure and properties of $$\alpha$$-sheet-based bilayer borophenes with interlayer covalent bonds. As shown here, at least three stacking variations are possible: AA, AB, and $$\hbox {AB}'$$. The on-top AA-stacking has been obtained experimentally supported on a metallic substrate. The AB-stacking is the most stable among neutral freestanding structures, whereas the AA and $$\hbox {AB}'$$ stacking sequences are very close in energy, both for neutral and negatively charged cases. The studied bilayer borophenes exhibit extraordinarily high electric conductivity with values as high as $${\sim } 10^7\mathrm {~S}/\textrm{m}$$ for the experimentally observed AA-stacking. The highly stable AB-stacking bilayer, reported here for the first time, exhibits an anisotropic conductivity with an average value of $$6.0 \times 10^6~\mathrm {~S}/\textrm{m}$$. Contrary to the AA-stacking bilayer that retains the 6-fold fold rotational symmetry of the $$\alpha$$-sheet, the AB-stacking structure has 2-fold symmetry, which leads to the anisotropic transport properties.
Exploring the causal impact of body mass index on metabolic biomarkers and cholelithiasis risk: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhao Feng , Yang Yanjiang , Yang Wenwen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObesity is a well-established risk factor for various diseases, but the mechanisms through which it influences disease development remain unclear. Using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we examined the causal relationship between BMI, 249 metabolic traits, and cholelithiasis. BMI data were obtained from four sources, and cholelithiasis data were from two distinct datasets. We analyzed the direct effect of BMI on cholelithiasis and identified key metabolic mediators. BMI was found to be positively associated with the risk of cholelithiasis across all datasets analyzed. A total of 176 metabolites were identified to be significantly associated with BMI, including amino acids, cholesterol esters, free cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. Among these, 49 metabolites were identified as mediators in the BMI-cholelithiasis relationship. Specifically, fatty acid levels, cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, triglycerides, and free cholesterol were key mediators in this relationship, with mediation proportions ranging from − 2.38–7.14%. This study provides robust evidence that BMI significantly impacts metabolic biomarkers, which in turn affect the risk of cholelithiasis. These findings highlight the importance of managing BMI to mitigate metabolic dysfunction and reduce the risk of gallstone formation. Future research should explore the specific metabolic pathways involved to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Serum inflammation-related proteins in a acute compartment syndrome rat model
Authors: Wang Tao , Cao Jingcheng , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Qi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe aim to explore variations of serum inflammation-related proteins in an acute compartment syndrome (ACS) rat model. We collected serum from 25 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (control group, CG) and 50 rats with tibial fractures, including 25 rats with ACS (ACS group, AG), and 25 rats without ACS (fracture group, FG). Ten samples per group were randomly chosen for proximity extension assay analysis of 92 inflammation-related proteins, and all samples were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to identify the diagnostic ability and cut-off values. Our findings showed that the levels of Il6 and Prdx5 in the FG and Il6, Prdx5, Dctn2, and Plin1 in the AG, were significantly higher than those in the CG. Notably, compared with the FG, high expression of Prdx5, Dctn2, and Plin1 was observed in the AG. Additionally, we identified 58.8764, 14.023, and 31.8730 pg/ml as the cut-off values of Prdx5, Dctn2, and Plin1 to predict ACS in rats. Similarly, the cut-off values of Il6, Prdx5, Dctn2, and Plin1 to predict ACS in healthy rats were 10.6783, 766.5879, 12.5627, and 14.3623 pg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of these proteins had the highest diagnostic accuracy. We identified Prdx5, Dctn2, and Plin1 as potential biomarkers of ACS compared with fracture in rats and revealed that combination of Il6, Prdx5, Dctn2, and Plin1 had the highest diagnostic accuracy to predict ACS compared with the healthy condition. Furthermore, the cut-off values for these biomarkers were determined, providing a new method to rapidly assess the risk of ACS and manage early targeted interventions.
The optimal neoadjuvant treatment strategy for HR+/HER2 + breast cancer: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Yu Miao , Mou Exian , Wang Meihua , Liu Shuanghua , Xia Li , Li Hui , Tang Hao , Feng Yajing , Yu Xin , Mi Kun , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy varies significantly with hormone receptor (HR) status for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer (BC). Despite extensive research on HER2 + BC, the optimal neoadjuvant strategy for HR+/HER2 + BC remains inconclusive. This study aimed to identify the optimal neoadjuvant regimen for HR+/HER2 + BC treatment. We conducted a systematic search for trials comparing neoadjuvant regimens for HR+/HER2 + BC and a network meta-analysis. Odds ratios for pathological complete response (pCR) and hazard ratios for event-free survival (EFS) were calculated. Treatment regimens were ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. 20 trials with 2809 patients were included. In pCR analysis, three neoadjuvant regimens sequentially ranked at the top, namely those comprising T-DM1, pertuzumab with trastuzumab, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor with trastuzumab, demonstrating significantly higher pCR rates than monotherapies. In EFS analysis, pertuzumab with trastuzumab ranked the first while T-DM1 containing regimen ranked the last. Anthracycline-free regimens showed a marginally higher pCR rate than anthracycline-containing regimens, while carboplatin-containing regimens demonstrated a numerically higher pCR rate than carboplatin-free regimens. Significant heterogeneity was observed in endocrine therapy analysis, which may be caused by different strategies for incorporating endocrine therapy. In conclusion, trastuzumab plus pertuzumab stands out as the optimal neoadjuvant HER2-targeting regimen for HR+/HER2 + BC Furthermore, anthracycline-free carboplatin-containing chemotherapy emerges as a promising combination treatment. Further investigation is required to clarify the role of endocrine therapy in HR+/HER2 + BC to guide its clinical application.
Cows that are less active in the chute have more optimal grazing distribution
Authors: Creamer Maggie , Horback Kristina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIndividual grazing patterns among cattle can contribute to sustainability of land use, however, little is known about the consistency of these grazing patterns. To address this knowledge gap, fifty Angus x Hereford cows were observed in repeated assays: A management assay (handling procedure, narrow chute, hydraulic squeeze), a social-feed trade-off assay (SFTA; choice between social mates and feed item), and novel approach assay (choice between social mates and feed item with novel pattern). The same cattle were tracked with GPS collars over two grazing seasons (June-August 2021 and 2022) and average grazing-related metrics (e.g., elevation used, distance traveled) were calculated within each season. Cows with a more passive response in the chute were found at higher elevation (p = 0.017), further from water (p = 0.043), and closer to supplement sites (p = 0.029). Cows that had higher latency to supplement in the SFTA traveled shorter distances on rangeland (p = 0.035). Thus, there was some evidence that cows with a more passive response to isolation and management had more optimal grazing patterns (grazed underutilized areas of the range at higher elevations and further from water sources). Selecting cattle with more optimal foraging patterns based on observable behaviors during handling and isolation could improve the sustainability of rangeland grazing.
Differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia from aplastic anemia using machine learning and explainable Artificial Intelligence utilizing blood attributes
Authors: Darshan B. S. Dhruva , Sampathila Niranjana , Bairy G. Muralidhar , Prabhu Srikanth , Belurkar Sushma , Chadaga Krishnaraj , Nandish S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs per world health organization, Anemia is a most prevalent blood disorder all over the world. Reduced number of Red Blood Cells or decrease in the number of healthy red blood cells is considered as Anemia. This condition also leads to the decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. The main goal of this research is to develop a dependable method for diagnosing Aplastic Anemia and Iron Deficiency Anemia by examining the blood test attributes. As of today, there are no studies which use Interpretable Artificial Intelligence to perform the above differential diagnosis. The dataset used in this study is collected from Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. The dataset consisted of various blood test attributes such as Red Blood cell count, Hemoglobin level, Mean Corpuscular Volume, etc. One of the trending topics in Machine Learning is Explainable Artificial Intelligence. They are known to demystify the machine learning outputs to all its stakeholders. Hence, Five XAI tools including SHAP, LIME, Eli5, Qlattice and Anchor are used to understand the model’s predictions. The importance characteristics according to XAI models are PLT, PCT, MCV, PDW, HGB, ABS LYMP, WBC, MCH, and MCHC. are employed to train and test the data. The goal of using data analytic techniques is to give medical professionals a useful tool that improves decision-making, enhances resource management, and eventually raises the standard of patient care. By considering the unique qualities of each patient, medical professionals who must rely on AI-assisted diagnosis and treatment suggestions, XAI offers arguments to strengthen their faith in the model outcomes.
Adaptive hip exoskeleton control using heart rate feedback reduces oxygen cost during ecological locomotion
Authors: Manzoori Ali Reza , Malatesta Davide , Mortier Alexandre , Garcia Johan , Ijspeert Auke , Bouri Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite their potential, exoskeletons have not reached widespread adoption in daily life, partly due to the challenge of seamlessly adapting assistance across various tasks and environments. Task-specific designs, reliance on complex sensing and extensive data-driven training often limit the practicality of the existing control strategies. To address this challenge, we introduce an adaptive control strategy for hip exoskeletons, emphasizing minimal sensing and ease of implementation. Using only insole pressure and heart rate (HR) sensing, the controller modulates assistance across various locomotor tasks. We evaluated this strategy with twelve able-bodied participants in a real-world scenario including level walking, stairs, and inclines. The controller successfully adapted assistance timing and amplitude to different activities. This resulted in effort intensity reductions (measured by oxygen uptake) of up to 12.6% compared to walking with no exoskeleton, and up to 25.5% compared to walking with the exoskeleton in zero-torque mode. Cardiodynamic response of HR, although delayed, proved sufficient for adaptation in tasks lasting longer than around 45 s, and delay-induced limitations primarily affected brief bouts of abrupt change in intensity. However, we found discernible patterns in HR shortly after the onset of such changes that can be exploited to improve responsiveness. Our findings underscore the potential of HR as a promising measure of user effort intensity, encouraging future research to explore its integration into advanced adaptive algorithms.
Preclinical evaluation of DC-CIK cells as potentially effective immunotherapy model for the treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Lück Annika Simone , Pu Jingjing , Melhem Ahmad , Schneider Matthias , Sharma Amit , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. H. , Maciaczyk Jarek 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite the favorable effects of immunotherapies in multiple types of cancers, its complete success in CNS malignancies remains challenging. Recently, a successful clinical trial of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) has opened a new avenue for adoptive cellular immunotherapies in CNS malignancies. Prompt from these findings, herein, we investigated whether dendritic cells (DC) in combination with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) could also provide an alternative and more effective way to improve the efficacy of GBM treatment. The analysis showed that DC-CIK cells exerted a significant cytotoxic effect on the glioblastoma cell lines, especially with the phenotype of stem-like cells (GSCs). In addition, the increased specific lysis of these cells subsequent to DC-CIK co-culture was confirmed with confocal fluorescence microscope. The direct interactions between tumor and effector cells were found to be highly effective in GBM organoids (GBOs). Moreover, a significant increase in apoptosis and elevated levels of IFN-γ (and not TNF-α) secretion were observed as a targeting mechanism of DC-CIK cells against GBM cell models. Overall, we provide important preliminary evidence that DC-CIK cells may have potential in the treatment of CNS malignancies, particularly glioblastoma.
Vitality insights of fish escaping from a sorting grid installed on a bottom trawl net
Authors: Petetta Andrea , Herrmann Bent , Li Veli Daniel , Canduci Giovanni , Tatone Ivan , Bonanomi Sara , De Santis Lorenzo Jacopo , Giuliani Giordano , Virgili Massimo , Carpentieri Paolo , Lucchetti Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSorting grids to exclude the juveniles of species targeted by bottom trawl fisheries from the catch are among the most promising solutions to reduce discards. We tested a two-sections Juveniles’ Sorting Grid (JSG) in a Mediterranean fisheries restricted area. First, we provided information on the vitality of individuals escaping from the JSG bars during towing, by analysing underwater footage. Then, we evaluated the catch performance of the JSG-equipped trawl compared to a standard trawl by analysing both the full species community in the catches and the main commercial species. The probability for individuals to be alive while escaping from JSG was always higher than 65% (on average), with some species (e.g. red mullet, gurnards, 91–99% on average) showing significantly higher probability than others (e.g. European hake, crustaceans, 65–82% on average). The installation of a JSG in the trawl net did not change the overall catch composition in the codend, although significant differences were observed at the single species level. The JSG was effective at reducing undersized individuals of European hake, although a loss of legal-sized individuals was observed due to escapement. A significantly lower retention of the JSG-equipped trawl was also observed for other commercial species, such as deep-water rose shrimp and broadtail shortfin squid.
Heart-retina time analysis using electrocardiogram-coupled time-resolved dynamic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Valmaggia Philippe , Wolleb Julia , Bieder Florentin , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Cattin Philippe C. , Maloca Peter M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe eye and the heart are two closely interlinked organs, and many diseases affecting the cardiovascular system manifest in the eye. To contribute to the understanding of blood flow propagation towards the retina, we developed a method to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) coupled time-resolved dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. This method allows for continuous synchronised monitoring of the cardiac cycle and retinal blood flow dynamics. The dynamic OCT measurements were used to calculate time-resolved blood flow profiles using fringe washout analysis. The relative fringe washout was computed to generate the flow velocity profiles within arterioles at the optic nerve head rim. We found that the blood column between the heart and the retina propagates within one cardiac cycle, denoting the arrival time as the heart-retina time (HRT). In a group of healthy subjects, the HRT was 144 ± 19 ms (mean ± SD). The HRT could provide a novel potential biomarker for cardiovascular health in direct relation to retinal perfusion.