bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topically delivered 22 nt siRNAs enhance RNAi silencing of endogenous genes in two species
Authors: Hendrix Bill , Zheng Wei , Bauer Matthew J. , Havecker Ericka R. , Mai Jennifer T. , Hoffer Paul H. , Sanders Rick A. , Eads Brian D. , Caruano-Yzermans Amy , Taylor Danielle N. , Hresko Chelly , Oakes Janette , Iandolino Alberto B. , Bennett Michael J. , Deikman Jill 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMain conclusion22 nt siRNAs applied to leaves induce production of transitive sRNAs for targeted genes and can enhance local silencing. Systemic silencing was only observed for aGFPtransgene.AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing mechanism important in regulating gene expression during plant development, response to the environment and defense. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this pathway may lead to future strategies to improve crop traits of value. An abrasion method to deliver siRNAs into leaf cells of intact plants was used to investigate the activities of 21 and 22 nt siRNAs in silencing genes inNicotiana benthamianaandAmaranthus cruentus. We confirmed that both 21 and 22 nt siRNAs were able to silence a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene in treated leaves ofN. benthamiana, but systemic silencing ofGFPoccurred only when the guide strand contained 22 nt. Silencing in the treated leaves ofN. benthamianawas demonstrated for three endogenous genes:magnesium cheletase subunit I(CHL-I),magnesium cheletase subunit H(CHL-H), andGENOMES UNCOUPLED4 (GUN4). However, systemic silencing of these endogenous genes was not observed. Very high levels of transitive siRNAs were produced forGFPin response to treatment with 22 nt siRNAs but only low levels were produced in response to a 21 nt siRNA. The endogenous genes tested also produced transitive siRNAs in response to 22 nt siRNAs. 22 nt siRNAs produced greater local silencing phenotypes than 21 nt siRNAs for three of the genes. These special properties of 22 nt siRNAs were also observed for theCHL-Hgene inA. cruentus. These experiments suggest a functional role for transitive siRNAs in amplifying the RNAi response.
Impact of small diameter and low level of emission laser coronary atherectomy in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Masuda Ryo , Shibui Takashi , Mizunuma Yoshiaki , Yoshikawa Shogo , Takeda Kosuke , Kujiraoka Hirofumi , Yamaoka Koichiro , Arai Tomoyuki , Inagaki Dai , Kimura Takashi , Yoshida Kiyotaka , Takahashi Masao , Kitamura Takeshi , Hojo Rintaro , Tsuchiyama Takaaki , Fukamizu Seiji , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExcimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) is an effective treatment to remove intracoronary thrombi. In the present study, we compared in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent conventional treatment and conventional treatment plus ELCA. Among 656 patients who were admitted to our hospital through the Tokyo CCU Network, 104 patients with AMI who were treated by percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2013 and December 2016 met inclusions criteria and underwent conventional treatment with ELCA (ELCA group) and 89 underwent conventional treatment alone (conventional group). We retrospectively evaluated in-hospital mortality within 30 days and used propensity score (PS) matching to reduce assignment bias and multivariate analysis to detect the predictors of in-hospital mortality. In-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in the ELCA group before and after PS matching (2.9% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.006 before PS matching, and 2.8% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.016 after PS matching). After PS matching, β-blocker or statins use, incidence of shock, Killip classification, and door-to-balloon time were not significantly different. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified ELCA, dyslipidemia, shock, and left ventricular ejection fraction as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR), 0.147, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.022–0.959, p = 0.045; OR, 0.077, 95% CI, 0.007–0.805, p = 0.032; OR, 6.494, 95% CI, 1.228–34.34, p = 0.028; OR, 0.890, 95% CI, 0.828–0.957, p = 0.002, respectively). Our data indicate that ELCA with the small diameter and low level emission may reduce the in-hospital mortality compared to conventional methods in patients with AMI in drug-eluting stent era.
How many data clusters are in the Galaxy data set?
Authors: Grün Bettina , Malsiner-Walli Gertraud , Frühwirth-Schnatter Sylvia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn model-based clustering, the Galaxy data set is often used as a benchmark data set to study the performance of different modeling approaches. Aitkin (Stat Model 1:287–304) compares maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the Galaxy data set and expresses reservations about the Bayesian approach due to the fact that the prior assumptions imposed remain rather obscure while playing a major role in the results obtained and conclusions drawn. The aim of the paper is to address Aitkin’s concerns about the Bayesian approach by shedding light on how the specified priors influence the number of estimated clusters. We perform a sensitivity analysis of different prior specifications for the mixtures of finite mixture model, i.e., the mixture model where a prior on the number of components is included. We use an extensive set of different prior specifications in a full factorial design and assess their impact on the estimated number of clusters for the Galaxy data set. Results highlight the interaction effects of the prior specifications and provide insights into which prior specifications are recommended to obtain a sparse clustering solution. A simulation study with artificial data provides further empirical evidence to support the recommendations. A clear understanding of the impact of the prior specifications removes restraints preventing the use of Bayesian methods due to the complexity of selecting suitable priors. Also, the regularizing properties of the priors may be intentionally exploited to obtain a suitable clustering solution meeting prior expectations and needs of the application.
Comparative Evaluation of Characterization Methods for Powders Used in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Mitterlehner Marco , Danninger Herbert , Gierl-Mayer Christian , Gschiel Harald , Martinez Carlos , Tomisser Manuel , Schatz Michael , Senck Sascha , Auer Jaqueline , Benigni Caterina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the interest in additive manufacturing technologies has increased significantly, most of them using powders as feedstock material. It is therefore essential to check the quality of the powder before processing in order to ensure the same quality of the printed components at all times. This kind of quality assurance of a powder should be carried out independently of the additive manufacturing technology used. Since there is a lack of standards in this field, various powder analysis methods are available, with which, in principle, the same characteristics can often be measured, at least nominally. To verify the validity of these methods, three different nickel-based powders used for additive manufacturing were examined in the present study using standard methods (apparent density, tap density, Hall flow rate, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and advanced characterization methods (dynamic image analysis, x-ray microcomputed tomography, adsorption measurement by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method). A special focus has been given on particle size distribution, particle shape, specific surface area, and internal porosity. The results of these measurements were statistically compared. This study therefore provides an insight into the advantages and disadvantages of various optical characterization techniques.
Sea-level rise impact and future scenarios of inundation risk along the coastal plains in Campania (Italy)
Authors: Di Paola Gianluigi , Rizzo Angela , Benassai Guido , Corrado Giuseppe , Matano Fabio , Aucelli Pietro P. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSea-level rise as a consequence of global warming increases the need to analyze coastal risks to conceive adaptation strategies aimed at coping with marine impacts at both short- and long-term scales. In this context, this study presents future scenarios of inundation risk evaluated along the main alluvial coastal plains of the Campania region (Italy). Due to their geomorphological and stratigraphical setting, the investigated areas are characterized by low topography and relevant but variable subsidence rates. Based on the upgrade of already published data and the new analysis of available datasets derived by multi-temporal interferometric processing of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, future scenarios of local sea level for the years 2065 and 2100 have been evaluated coupling global projections with local subsidence trends. Furthermore, aspects related with the distribution of natural and anthropic assets, as well as the local social vulnerability, have been taken into account to calculate the overall risk. The inundation risk maps here proposed can effectively address the request to improve the knowledge of policymakers and local administrators and to raise their awareness about the potential impacts of climate change in coastal areas.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy using a magnetic tracer versus standard technique: A multicentre comparative non-inferiority study (IMAGINE-II)
Authors: Giménez-Climent Julia , Marín-Hernández Caridad , Fuster-Diana Carlos A. , Torró-Richart Jose A. , Navarro-Cecilia Joaquin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Previous studies have shown that a magnetic tracer technique using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and a manual magnetometer (Sentimag, SM) is as effective as the standard technique using a radioisotope injection and a gamma probe (GP) for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study was designed to investigate the performance of SM for post-neoadjuvant (NAT) SLN biopsy in BC patients.

Materials and methods:
Post-NAT BC patients were recruited from five centres. Readings of SLNs were recorded in transcutaneous, intraoperative and ex vivo scenarios by both GP and SM techniques. SLNs were assessed by OSNA (One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification).

Results:
A total of 89 patients were included. At the patient level, the transcutaneous and intraoperative SLN detection rate was 97.8% by both techniques. At the node level, the GP detection rate intraoperatively was lower than that of SM (93.8% vs. 99.2%), with a concordance rate of 93% (90% CI 1.25; 9.44). The ex vivo detection rate was lower for GP compared to SM both per patient 96.6% vs. 97.8%, and per node 90.6% vs. 98.4% (90% CI -2.03; 4.22 and 1.82; 13.68, respectively). Furthermore, the detection rate of pathologically positive SLNs per patient and per node was lower for GP than SM both intraoperatively and ex vivo. These results showed the non-inferiority of SM intraoperatively per node (90% CI -4.89; 20.89) and ex vivo per patient (90% CI -2.38; 29.66).

Conclusion:
Our study showed the non-inferiority of SM compared to GP for detecting SLNs in post-NAT BC patients.

Highlights
Educational inequalities in longevity in 18 OECD countries
Authors: Murtin Fabrice , Mackenbach Johan P. , Jasilionis Domantas , Mira d'Ercole Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses inequality in longevity across education and gender groups in 23 OECD countries around 2011. Data on mortality rates by age, gender, educational attainment, and, for 17 countries, cause of death were collected from national sources, with similar treatment applied to all countries in order to derive comparable measures of longevity at age 25 and 65 by gender and education. These estimates show that, on average, the gap in life expectancy between high and low-educated people is 7.6 years for men and 4.8 years for women at age 25 years, and 3.6 years for men and 2.6 years for women at age 65. At the age of 25, the gap in life expectancy between high and low-educated people varies between 4.1 years (in Canada) and 13.9 years (in Hungary) for men, and between 2.5 years (in Italy) and 8.3 years (in Latvia) for women; in the United States, the gap is 10.0 years for men and 7.0 years for women. Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death for all gender and education groups after age 65 years, and the first cause of mortality inequality between the high and low-education elderly.
The Friendship Bench as a brief psychological intervention with peer support in rural Zimbabwean women: a mixed methods pilot evaluation
Authors: Fernando Shamiso , Brown Tim , Datta Kavita , Chidhanguro Dzivaidzo , Tavengwa Naume V. , Chandna Jaya , Munetsi Epiphania , Dzapasi Lloyd , Nyachowe Chandiwana , Mutasa Batsirai , Chasekwa Bernard , Ntozini Robert , Chibanda Dixon , Prendergast Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a large treatment gap for common mental disorders in rural areas of low-income countries. We tested the Friendship Bench as a brief psychological intervention delivered by village health workers (VHWs) in rural Zimbabwe.MethodsRural women identified with depression in a previous trial received weekly home-based problem-solving therapy from VHWs for 6 weeks, and joined a peer-support group. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ). Acceptability was explored through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The proportion of women with depression pre- and post-intervention was compared using McNemar's test.ResultsTen VHWs delivered problem-solving therapy to 27 women of mean age 33 years; 25 completed six sessions. Women valued an established and trustful relationship with their VHW, which ensured confidentiality and prevented gossip, and reported finding individual problem-solving therapy beneficial. Peer-support meetings provided space to share problems, solutions and skills. The proportion of women with depression or suicidal ideation on the EPDS declined from 68% to 12% [difference 56% (95% confidence interval (CI) 27.0–85.0);p= 0.001], and the proportion scoring high (>7) on the SSQ declined from 52% to 4% [difference 48% (95% CI 24.4–71.6);p< 0.001] after the 6-week intervention.ConclusionVHW-delivered problem-solving therapy and peer-support was acceptable and showed promising results in this pilot evaluation, leading to quantitative and qualitative improvements in mental health among rural Zimbabwean women. Scale-up of the Friendship Bench in rural areas would help close the treatment gap for common mental disorders.
The genus Sveltia (Gastropoda, Cancellariidae) in the Atlantic Pliocene of Iberia with a new species from the Cenozoic Mondego Basin of Portugal
Authors: Landau Bernard M. , Silva Carlos Marques da 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cancellarid genus Sveltia Jousseaume, 1887, is widespread in western European and North African Neogene marine fossil assemblages. In Pliocene deposits it is commonly represented by Sveltia varicosa (Brocchi, 1814), which until recently was considered a widely distributed taxon in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Atlantic faunas. A recent review of the species from the Pliocene of Italy and Spain (Guadalquivir Basin), leading to the erection of S. confusa, prompted the reassessment of the Sveltia material from the Atlantic Pliocene of the Portuguese Mondego Basin and the subsequent description of Sveltia sofiae n. sp. Consequently, a mosaic of species has emerged from what was previously viewed as the broad Atlanto-Mediterranean range of the widespread and quite variable S. varicosa. From a biogeographic standpoint, it is now clear that S. varicosa was a Mediterranean species, occurring east of the Alboran Sea. Sveltia confusa had a mainly Atlantic distribution, from the French Pliocene Ligerian Gulf to the Gulf of Cadiz, at least, and straddling the Strait of Gibraltar into the Alboran Sea. Sveltia sofiae n. sp. was endemic to western Iberia, represented today only in the western Portuguese Mondego Basin. Sveltia is a thermophilic genus. Since early Pliocene times, because of northeastern Atlantic sea surface temperature decline, it underwent a southward range contraction, occurring today—in the eastern Atlantic—from Cape Blanc, Mauritania, south. This range reduction was coupled with the post mid-Piacenzian southward contraction of the Pliocene Mediterranean-West African tropical molluscan province and the consequent rise of the present-day Mediterranean-Moroccan subtropical province.UUID: http://zoobank.org/0cf3c73a-8d57-472e-87e4-f1ad065e5fb6.
Media Partisanship and Fundamental Corporate Decisions
Authors: Knill April , Liu Baixiao , McConnell John J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing the introduction of Fox News as a natural experiment, we investigate whether partisanship in television news coverage influences fundamental corporate decisions. We find that during the George W. Bush presidency, firms led by Republican-leaning managers headquartered in regions into which Fox was introduced shift upward their total investment expenditures and financial leverage. Our findings imply that in making fundamental corporate decisions, Republican-leaning managers are swayed by the Republican slant of Fox that presents an optimistic macroeconomic outlook. The results highlight the importance of heterogeneity in media slant in understanding the role of the media in corporate decision making.
Internationale und deutsche Leitlinien zur Behandlung der PTBS bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Steil Regina , Fischer Anne , Rosner Rita 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Über die Hälfte aller Kinder und Jugendlichen erleben vor ihrem 18. Geburtstag ein potentiell traumatisierendes Ereignis. Entwickeln die Betroffenen in der Folge eine posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS), wirken sich die damit verbundenen Konsequenzen häufig bis ins Erwachsenenalter aus. Klinische Leitlinien unterstützen die Behandlerinnen und Behandler bei der Auswahl geeigneter Therapien, sind aufgrund variierender Methodik und unterschiedlicher Evidenzgrundlage aber mit Interpretationsschwierigkeiten verbunden. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle nationale und internationale Leitlinienempfehlungen. Als Methode erster Wahl zur Behandlung der PTBS bei Kindern und Jugendlichen wird übereinstimmend Psychotherapie in Form von Traumafokussierter Kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie (Tf-KVT) und teilweise auch Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) empfohlen. Bezugspersonen sollen, wenn möglich, in die Behandlung einbezogen werden. Eine Pharmakotherapie wird nicht empfohlen. Forschungsbedarf besteht in den Bereichen der Dissemination empirisch gestützter Behandlungen, EMDR, und der Behandlung komplexer PTBS.
Variations in Cosmic Noise Absorption in Association With Equatorward Development of the Pulsating Auroral Patch: A Case Study to Estimate the Energy Spectra of Auroral Precipitating Electrons
Authors: Miyamoto Taishiro , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Raita Tero , Hosokawa Keisuke , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Ogawa Yasunobu , Kurita Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study focused on a pulsating aurora event associated with aurora morphological changes in Fennoscandia in the early morning on March 7, 2017. A high‐speed sampling all‐sky camera captured equatorward development of the pulsating auroral patch in association with a substorm centered over the Greenland/North America region. Of particular interest in this event is the interconnection between the auroral intensity and the cosmic noise absorption (CNA) derived from three riometers aligned meridionally in Finland (from north to south: Ivalo, Sodankylä, and Rovaniemi). The analysis was made by dividing optical measurements into two oscillation components: longer and shorter than 40 s, that is, nonpulsating and pulsating auroral modulations. The interrelation between the auroral brightness and CNA showed a linear correlation. The inclination of the regression line changed with time depending on latitudes, which was interpreted as hardening or softening of the precipitating electron spectrum. Especially in the case of the low‐pass component, the inclination of the CNA‐vs‐intensity interrelation increased at the three riometer latitudes in the substorm recovery phase. On the other hand, for the high‐pass component, the inclination decreased at Rovaniemi (lower latitude) but remained uniform at Sodankylä (higher latitude). These features suggest that the precipitating electron spectrum has softened in the low‐pass or nonpulsating auroral component, but the spectrum has hardened in the high‐pass or pulsating auroral component on the lower latitude part of the auroral patch region. This study proposes a new application of riometer‐camera measurements to examine auroral particle precipitation.
Multicolor imaging of calcium-binding proteins in human kidney stones for elucidating the effects of proteins on crystal growth
Authors: Tanaka Yutaro , Maruyama Mihoko , Okada Atsushi , Furukawa Yoshihiro , Momma Koichi , Sugiura Yuki , Tajiri Rie , Sawada Koichi P. , Tanaka Shunichi , Takano Kazufumi , Taguchi Kazumi , Hamamoto Shuzo , Ando Ryosuke , Tsukamoto Katsuo , Yoshimura Masashi , Mori Yusuke , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of kidney stone formation includes multi-step processes involving complex interactions between mineral components and protein matrix. Calcium-binding proteins in kidney stones have great influences on the stone formation. The spatial distributions of these proteins in kidney stones are essential for evaluating the in vivo effects of proteins on the stone formation, although the actual distribution of these proteins is still unclear. We reveal micro-scale distributions of three different proteins, namely osteopontin (OPN), renal prothrombin fragment 1 (RPTF-1), and calgranulin A (Cal-A), in human kidney stones retaining original mineral phases and textures: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). OPN and RPTF-1 were distributed inside of both COM and COD crystals, whereas Cal-A was distributed outside of crystals. OPN and RPTF-1 showed homogeneous distributions in COM crystals with mosaic texture, and periodically distributions parallel to specific crystal faces in COD crystals. The unique distributions of these proteins enable us to interpret the different in vivo effects of each protein on CaOx crystal growth based on their physico-chemical properties and the complex physical environment changes of each protein. This method will further allow us to elucidate in vivo effects of different proteins on kidney stone formation.