bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating UPLC‐MS/MS Bioinformatics and In Vivo Experiments Validation to Elucidate the Mechanism of Wenzi Jiedu Decoction in Suppressing Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sang Tianqing , Liang Aoshengxiong , Zhou Hongli , Qiu Wenli , Shi Lijing , Zhou Hongguang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe used ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS), bioinformatics, and in vivo experiments to study the anti‐colorectal cancer (CRC) effects of Wenzi Jiedu Decoction (WJD).MethodsDetected the main components of WJD by UPLC‐MS/MS. Obtained WJD targets and CRC targets through the open source database. Analyzed the WJD‐CRC targets from a macro perspective by PPI, GO, and KEGG analyses. Validated bioinformatics findings by molecular docking and animal experiments.ResultsThis study obtained 91 active compounds and 240 targets of WJD. Intersection with CRC genes (GSE32323 388 DEGs, GSE 215510 1253 DEGs), 36 WJD‐CRC common targets were obtained. PPI and enrichment analyses indicated WJD exerted anti‐CRC effects mainly through the chemokine signaling pathway and apoptosis. Quercetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Formononetin, Stigmasterol, and Hederagenin were the main compounds of WJD. CXCL8, BCL‐2, BAX, BCL2L1, CASP3, AKT1, and TP53 were the core targets of WJD‐CRC. Bulk molecular docking showed that core WJD compounds had good docking activity with WJD‐CRC targets. Animal experiments had shown the tumor inhibition rate of the WJD group was 36.53%. WJD could regulate the ratio of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+, reduce the expression of CXCL8, and BCL‐2, and increase the expression of BAX.ConclusionsThis study indicated that the potential mechanism of WJD in the prevention and treatment of CRC had the characteristics of the multi‐target, multi‐path, and multi‐system mechanisms, which were mainly related to the regulation of chemokines and the promotion of apoptosis.
Effect of Graphene on Ignition Mechanism of HMX Powder and Propellant Under Low‐Velocity Impact
Authors: Duan Hongzheng , Wu Yanqing , Yang Kun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the effect of graphene powder on the ignition mechanism of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) and propellant under low‐velocity impact, an improved drop hammer impact system equipped with a high‐speed camera was used to study the ignition response of HMX, HMX and graphene mixture, and graphene‐based propellant. The results show that HMX undergoes mechanical deformation, physical melting, and chemical response under different impact loading heights. The mixture of HMX and graphene experienced crack initiation, crack propagation, jetting, and carbonization effect during the whole impact loading process. The whole process of graphene‐based propellant impact undergoes mechanical deformation and chemical response (hot‐spot and ignition). The ignition thresholds of HMX and HMX powder‐graphene mixture were 20 and 25 cm, respectively. It is revealed that graphene powder has an inhibitory effect on the hot‐spot ignition formation of HMX. The ignition threshold of the graphene‐based propellant is 4.245 m/s. It is revealed that the ignition mechanism of the three types of specimens under low‐velocity impact loading is particle friction.
Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity evaluation of novel Marinoquinoline derivatives against phytopathogenic bacteria
Authors: Zhou Han , Wang Deng‐Tuo , Ma Li , Jin Ya‐Rui , Qin Lu‐Lu , Dai Tian‐Li , Zhang Yue , Zhang Wen , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Zhang Shao‐Yong , Chen Gui‐Sha , Mou Guo‐Liang , Liu Ying‐Qian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant diseases caused by plant pathogens pose a great threat to biodiversity and food security, and the problem of drug resistance caused by traditional antibiotics and fungicides is becoming more and more serious. It is urgent to develop new antibacterial molecules with low toxicity and high efficiency. Marinoquinoline A is an alkaloid isolated from marine actinomycetes and has a variety of pharmacological activities. In this study, a series of compounds were designed and synthesized by fragment fusion strategy inspired by Marinoquinoline, and their antibacterial activities were evaluated, and the structure–activity relationship was discussed.RESULTSAmong these derivatives, ZM‐9 showed the most significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo) with MIC of 1.56 μg mL−1, while ZN‐8 showed the best antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri (Xac) with MIC of 0.78 μg mL−1, both of which were better than Thiodiazole copper. The results of in vivo antibacterial activity test showed that 200 μg mL−1 ZM‐9 and ZN‐8 had significant control effects on rice and citrus. The biochemical experiments showed that ZM‐9 and ZN‐8 could inhibit the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides, destroy the biofilm integrity of the pathogens, increase permeability, and cause oxidative stress damage.CONCLUSIONIn summary, most of the chemical entities inspired by Marinoquinoline have shown good antibacterial activity. In particular, compounds ZM‐9 and ZN‐8 can be used as lead compounds for further structural optimization to develop new antibacterial agents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Uptake of the Hepatitis B Vaccine Among Pre‐Service Health Professionals in Rwanda
Authors: Ntwari Bivegete Kenny , Rubuga Felix K. , Uwingabiye Silene Jolie , Dushimimana Vincent , Hategekimana Jean Baptiste , Cyubahiro Serieux , Rwema Ivan Steve , Ukwishatse Daniel , Karakwende Patrick , Muhire Jean , Ndikubwimana Adolphe , Ntakirutimana Theoneste , Dukuziyaturemye Pierre , Mugisha Didas , Gasana Canisius , Musabwa Edith , Irafasha Felicien , Banamwana Celestin , Gasana Frank , Nkurunziza Idrissa , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigh hepatitis B vaccine uptake has led to significant reductions in hepatitis B infection rates and associated health burdens in many countries. Despite the administration of the same vaccine, there has been a lack of emphasis on pre‐service health professionals. This study aimed at assessing uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among pre‐service health professionals at the University of Rwanda.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire, whereas data analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 25; IBM Corp).ResultsA total of 360 respondents participated in the study; among them, 218 (60.6%) were males. About half of the participants, 170 (47.2%), scored between 40% and 60% on the knowledge assessment, whereas the majority of the respondents, 354 (98.3%), were aware of the hepatitis B vaccine. Most of the participants 334 (92.8%), were vaccinated, whereas 231 (69.2%) received the complete 3‐dose vaccination. The most commonly cited reason for not getting vaccinated was lack of awareness (45%). The factors that influenced vaccination status were free vaccination provided by institutions, awareness of the vaccine, and knowledge of hepatitis B infection and its vaccine.ConclusionPre‐service health professionals are at risk of hepatitis infection due to low coverage of hepatitis B vaccination and lack of comprehensive knowledge and awareness regarding the hepatitis B infection and its vaccination.
Calibration of an apparent electrical conductivity sensor using capacitance probes for determining soil water content
Authors: Barnard J. H. , Edeh J. A. , van Rensburg L. D. , du Preez C. C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measurements, although more suitable for soil salinity quantification, are often used to determine volumetric soil water content, θv, in site‐specific crop management. Generally, the approach is to develop a field‐specific calibration function between ECa and measured θv, θv(m). Such a calibration function is possible when soil water dominates ECa at a field. When this is not the case, θv(m) data taken over time may be helpful to develop a function. Data regarding θv(m) can be costly and time‐consuming as soil samples are needed to measure bulk density and gravimetric soil water. We postulate that capacitance probes, which measure scaled frequency (SF) as an indicator of the dielectric constant to estimate θv, can be used to establish ECa‐θv calibration functions. Capacitance probes that simultaneously provide temperature readings allow for ECa to be temperature‐corrected to 25°C, enabling development of ECa25‐θv calibration functions. A field experiment was set up to establish whether SF readings can be used to estimate θv, θv(SF), in structured high montmorillonite clay soils accurately and determine if ECa25‐θv(SF) calibration functions are possible. Our results revealed that a single SF‐θv(m) calibration function representing 12 probes, or a specific soil form, is impossible. Each capacitance probe should be calibrated separately. The parameters for ECa25‐θv(m) calibration functions were like ECa25‐θv(SF) functions. The R2 for ECa25‐θv(m) calibration functions was higher compared to the ECa25‐θv(SF) functions. Further investigation of using capacitance probes to estimate θv for developing ECa‐θv functions is needed before this approach can be applied confidently.
Rebound Effects as an Obstacle to Sustainable Housing Goals: How Green Features Lead to Larger‐Sized Homes
Authors: Olson Erik L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal resource use and emissions continue to rise despite the widespread adoption of more energy‐efficient products and technologies. The current research addresses this green paradox by examining how the availability of rooftop solar panels and other energy‐saving green features leads to rebound effects that inadvertently increase the popularity of physically larger and more resource‐intensive homes. A conjoint analysis‐based survey of US home buyers is utilized to determine the presence of income and moral licensing‐based rebound effects, which together are predicted to increase buyer preference for larger homes. As expected, the findings show a shift in buyer preference towards larger homes due to significant income and moral licensing‐based rebound effects created by the availability of energy‐saving/guilt‐reducing green features. The conjoint analysis results are then utilized in conjunction with home construction‐sourced secondary data to estimate the economic and environmental implications of the larger home sizes. These estimates reveal that larger homes increase the financial attractiveness of green features for home builders and buyers, but at the cost of largely eliminating their environmental benefits. This suggests that efforts to achieve the widespread adoption of green features should focus on introducing them on physically larger products first when doing so makes the features more popular and profitable, because such popularity may create the potential for scale‐based cost reductions that could lead to their wider adoption across all product sizes with consequent environmental benefits.
Android Source Code Smells: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Fawad Muhammad , Rasool Ghulam , Palma Francis 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionModern software developers strive to develop applications that are robust, easy to maintain, and possess high levels of quality. However, code smells can hinder this goal as they are visible signs of underlying issues. Numerous techniques and tools have been proposed for detecting code smells in various contexts and programming languages. Despite this, research on Android‐specific code smells and their impact on external quality attributes is still in its early stages.ObjectiveThis study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of state‐of‐the‐art techniques, tools, and approaches used for detecting and refactoring code smells in Android applications.MethodologyA systematic literature review was conducted between November 2007 and December 2023, adhering to standard guidelines. In total, 79 primary studies were identified, analyzed, and synthesized.ResultsA total of 237 code smells were identified using 51 techniques and tools, based on seven distinct approaches. Efficiency was found to be the most affected external quality attribute. The code smell Durable Wakelock was the most studied.ChallengesDespite the extensive research, the software engineering community faces numerous challenges. These include a lack of in‐depth investigation into Android‐specific code smells, a limited number of studied quality attributes, insufficient involvement of industry experts in the research process, scarcity of Android‐oriented metrics, and dependence on industry‐exclusive datasets.Future DirectionsThis review suggests potential research directions that are valuable for researchers and practitioners seeking to gain insights into current open research problems in this domain.
Improved Mobile Security Based on Two‐Factor Authentication
Authors: Jayaram Raja Sekar , Balajothi Dinesh , Natchirajan Deepu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite password‐based security schemes offering increased protection against unwanted access, two‐factor authentication (TFA) is still not widely used primarily because users find additional login steps to be exhausting. To solve this challenge, SoundSignature, a unique TFA technique, is introduced that is intended to be both deployable and user friendly. It verifies that the user's phone is in close proximity to the login device by recording background noise using the microphones on the device. By mimicking the seamless experience of password‐only authentication, this technique enhances security without requiring direct user intervention. Our experimental research demonstrates in both indoor and outdoor scenarios, as well as those in which a phone is carried in a pocket or handbag, ambient noise serves as an effective classifier for device proximity. SoundSignature, being easy to set up and compatible with most devices and browsers without the need for additional plugins, stops attackers from trying to impersonate or predict by utilizing a complicated connection between acoustic propagation mechanisms and the constant frequency response of hardware components. A prototype implementation of SoundSignature, which attains an average accuracy rate of about 90.2% with a minimal equal error rate of 8.5%, validates the system's robustness and effectiveness in five different environments.
Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Pharmacokinetics of Doxorubicin and Its Prodrug in Rats After Administration of Nanoparticles
Authors: Bai Chenxia , Xu Xiaolan , Zhang Jiaming , Fu Yang , Jiang Qikun , Zhang Tianhong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTo further improve the dilemma facing the clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX), we designed a cathepsin B sensitive DOX prodrug albumin nanoparticle (NP). To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of prodrug albumin NPs (C16‐GFLG‐PAB‐DOX NPs), we developed and validated a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the same time analysis of DOX and its fatty acid prodrug (C16‐GFLG‐PAB‐DOX) in rat plasma. The method uses the precipitated protein method to extract analytes from rat plasma. The validated method on selectivity, linearity (r ≥ 0.992), precision (relative standard deviation: 3.5%–9.5%), accuracy (relative error: −2.9% to 3.5%), extraction recovery (80.2% to 90.4%), matrix effect (87.8% to 96.6%), and stability in different conditions were satisfied. Therefore, the pharmacokinetic behavior of C16‐GFLG‐PAB‐DOX NPs in rats was investigated using this analytical approach. The outcome of the pharmacokinetic study illustrated that prodrug albumin NPs are promising to alleviate the problems associated with DOX in clinical applications.
Effect of polypropylene and brass‐coated steel fibers on bond behavior of GFRP bars in normal and high‐strength geopolymer concrete
Authors: Niyazuddin  , Umesh B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the current study, the effect of two types of fibers, polypropylene (PP) and brass‐coated steel (BS) fibers, on the bond performance of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer bars with geopolymer concrete is investigated. Additionally, the impact of embedment length, bar diameter, and compressive strength of the concrete on the bond behavior was considered. The result shows that inclusion of BS fibers considerably improves the pullout capacity and the curve's initial stiffness, as the BS fibers have a superior tensile strength than PP fibers. In the case of PP specimens, few samples demonstrated a change in failure mode from split to pullout. However, in the case of BS specimens, including those that showed split failure in PP specimens, failed in a pullout fashion. The crack width seen on the exterior concrete surface is considerably reduced with the addition of fibers. To assess the post‐peak response of the bond stress versus slip curves, energy‐based bond toughness parameters were proposed, and the results indicate that the post‐peak response was enhanced by the addition of BS fibers. Increasing the embedment length and bar diameter has a negative impact on the bond characteristics, whereas the concrete strength has the opposite effect. Experimental results compared with analytical models, and Cosenza‐Manfredi‐Realfonzo model outperformed the modified Eligehausen, Popov, and Bertero model. Overall, BS fibers produce superior outcomes.
Frans Hals Connoisseurship
Authors: Tummers Anna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOf all seventeenth-century Dutch painters, Frans Hals is the most controversial in as far as the exact scope of his oeuvre is concerned. The most prominent twentieth-century Hals experts, Harvard Professor Seymour Slive (1920–2014) and his German peer Professor Claus Grimm (born 1940) disagreed about no less than a third of Hals’s oeuvre. Moreover, some of the fiercest public debates and legal battles about attributions in this field concern paintings in the style of Frans Hals. This chapter provides an overview of the evolving insights in this field, both in theory and in practice.
Case Study 1: Portrait of a Young Woman: Assessing New Technologies
Authors: Tummers Anna , Wallert Arie , Kleinert Katja , Hartwieg Babette , Laurenze-Landsberg Claudia , Dik Joris , Groves Roger , Anisimov Andrei , Papadakis Vassilis , G. Erdmann Robert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis case study evaluates the respective use of five non-destructive techniques that are at our disposal to research the characteristic style and painting technique of Frans Hals. For this purpose, a typical Frans Hals portrait of around 1635, Portrait of a Woman in the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin, was researched using not only observations with the naked eye, x-rays (XR) and infrared reflectography (IRR), but also macro-x-ray fluorescence scans (MA-XRF), hyperspectral imaging also known as reflectance imaging spectroscopy (HI/RIS), and even neutron activated radiographs (NAR). As the portrait is the only painting to date to have been researched with all these techniques, it provided a unique opportunity to compare their respective merits and assess their potential.
Case Study 2: The New York Malle Babbe (‘Mad Barbara’): Original, Studio Work or Forgery?
Authors: Tummers Anna , Wallert Arie , G. Erdmann Robert , Kleinert Katja , Hartwieg Babette , Mahon Dorothy , Centeno Silvia , Groves Roger , Anisimov Andrei , Dik Joris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractQuite a few of the most innovative and best-known paintings by Frans Hals exist in several variants. Attributing some of these versions or imitations is a notoriously difficult challenge. A case in point is the Malle Babbe painting at the Metropolitan Museum in New York, which has a rich attribution history: it has been called an original Frans Hals, a work by one of his sons, an early imitation with a forged signature and even a modern forgery (Fig. 4.1). This case study sheds new light on its attribution by comparing its style, technique and materials in depth to the well-known original by Frans Hals in Berlin, to the Malle Babbe forgery created by Han van Meegeren at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, and by relating it to relevant primary sources and seventeenth-century art theory. New technical research was done on all three paintings specifically for this study, including infrared reflectography (IRR), macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF), hyperspectral imaging or reflectance imaging spectroscopy (HI/RIS) and lead isotope analysis. Advanced digital tools were developed to aid the comparison (sn.pub/3xs1ac; https://images.erdmann.io/Draper/?manifest=/NICAS/Frans_Hals/image_manifest_MB.json).
Conditional Independence
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides the requisite foundations for the remaining chapters in Part II and for some of the results established in Part III. We use graphs to represent conditional independence among counter and label variables. This leads to a probabilistic graphical model, defined via a graph in which the vertex set is the set of counter and label variables, and the edge set effectively determines the degree of conditional independence among these variables.
Models with Simple Transition Dynamics
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides examples of practical models that can be represented as QPLEX chains with simple transition dynamics via suitable choices of model primitives. These examples include generalizations and variations of the multiserver queueing model presented in Chap. 2, a stochastic infectious disease model, a production-inventory model with backlogs and finished goods capacity, and several variations of a queueing network of multiserver stations.
Introduction to Graphical QPLEX Calculus
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the worst case, the computational effort to evaluate a QPLEX map grows at least linearly in the cardinality of the support of the marginal pmf of the counter vector. Thus, for models involving many counters, such as (large) network models, evaluating the QPLEX map (and calculating QPLEX iterates) can require an effort that is exponential in the number of counters, resulting in a second curse of dimensionality. We call this the curse of dimensionality for counters. Instead of working with pmfs of a counter vector and a label vector, we overcome this curse of dimensionality for counters in Part II by working with collections of pmfs of (generally) fewer variables.
Why Utopia Instead of What Utopia
Authors: Sand Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter paves the way for a reconciliation of Utopian Studies, philosophy of technology and political philosophy. It introduces the general idea of vindicating technological utopias and engagement with them. The value question is being moved to the fore of the present essay, sidestepping the quest for a definition to unresolved methodological problems. A commonsensical idea of utopia is not a priori flawed; its value still remains unclear. Some paradigmatic technological utopias are introduced.
Perfectionism, Stagnation and Transcendental Theorizing
Authors: Sand Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVarious arguments that consider utopianisms as risky or dangerous will be discussed—many of them related to the notion of perfectionism: violence as a result of careless politics, stagnation and the assumption of normative superiority. Rebutting these concerns, paves the way toward a more positive perception of utopianism. Utopianism, while unable to directly guide governance, can fulfill both important cognitive and dispositional functions, which are intertwined.