bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Treatment of Organic Solvent Vapor in a Baking Oven
Authors: Inoue Kenichiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA catalytic treatment for organic solvent vapor using the heat of a baking oven was investigated. A Pt/Al2O3 catalyst showed high activity for toluene. A Co3O4‐CeO2 catalyst preferentially oxidized ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, but by‐products were generated. These organic solvents produce high emissions from painting and printing ink in Japan. However, treating all three solvents simultaneously at low temperatures is difficult. In the present study, when a Pt/Co3O4‐CeO2 catalyst was employed at oven temperatures of 230–250 °C, a gas containing toluene, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate was able to be effectively treated with no carbon deposition. The application of the Pt/Co3O4‐CeO2 catalyst enabled treatment in the oven using the oven's own heat.
Modeling stress–strain behavior of ceramic composites
Authors: Kerans Ronald J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA well‐known model of stress–strain behavior in continuous‐fiber ceramic composites was expanded, corrected, and coded in a popular programming language. Four versions of the code with differing output plot formats are included. They can be pasted into a program file and used without editing. One of them allows observing the changes in the stress–strain curve while varying nearly any of the input properties. The ability to observe or quickly plot and compare curves using different parameters can aid in understanding the roles of constituent and interface properties in composite behavior. It can also aid in inferring unmeasurable properties in actual composites. Comparisons of model output to experiment are presented and discussed.
The Machine Learning Life Cycle in Chemical Operations – Status and Open Challenges
Authors: Gärtler Marco , Khaydarov Valentin , Klöpper Benjamin , Urbas Leon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has received a lot of attention with many publications in recent years. Interestingly related projects in the industry are mostly still in their early stages. We are convinced that progress will only be possible if the entire machine learning (ML) life cycle is considered. Our study focuses on the practical challenges, uses a recent study as foundation and adopts the life‐cycle description, highlights the life‐cycle practices in other domains and formulates research directions that can help to improve the utilization of AI and machine learning in the process industry.
Reminders of money increase patient empowerment
Authors: Whelan Jodie , Goode Miranda R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe passage of price transparency legislation in the US combined with efforts to enhance the customer experience suggest that patients are more likely to encounter reminders of money when thinking about and making healthcare decisions. Because money is symbolically and empirically associated with empowerment, we propose that money reminders in the healthcare domain will increase patient empowerment. Across three experiments, we find that reminding people of money increases patient empowerment, as indicated by an established patient empowerment scale (Study 1), heightened desire for autonomy when making healthcare decisions (Study 2), and greater reactance to imagining a doctor's refusal to prescribe a requested drug (Study 3). We show that this effect is attenuated when the health condition is serious (as opposed to minor).
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Flavones and Isoflavones via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Gao Qianwen , Zhou Lan , Liu Shanshan , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Zhou Qianghui 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryFlavones and isoflavones are recognized as privileged heterocyclic scaffolds for the preparation of bioactive compounds. Efficient methods to access these heterocycles are in urgent need. Herein, we report diversity‐oriented synthesis of flavones and isoflavones from 3‐iodochromones via palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis. The success of this research relies on the use of a unique bridge‐head ester modified norbornene derivative as the mediator. Salient features of this include readily available starting materials regarding 3‐iodochromones, ortho‐C—H arylating and alkylating reagents and ipso‐terminating reagents, broad substrate scope, good chemoselectivity, good step‐economy and scalability. A large number of structurally diversified flavones, isoflavones and 2,3‐diarylated chromones can be quickly prepared in a predictable manner. As showcased by the efficient formal synthesis of umbralisib, this chemistry can be treated as another valuable addition to the toolbox of medicinal chemists.
Capture‐Release Strategy Facilitates Rapid Enzymatic Assembly of Oligosaccharides
Authors: Fang Wenyuan , Zhong Kan , Cheng Jiansong , Liu Xian‐Wei , Liu Chang‐Cheng , Wang Zhongfu , Cao Hongzhi 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryA convenient and highly efficient strategy was developed for the simplification of enzymatic synthesis and purification of oligosaccharides. Glycosyl acceptors terminated with a thiol tag were extended by enzymatic modular assembly (EMA) in the aqueous phase, and the desired products were captured during solid‐phase workup (SPW) using commercially available thiopropyl Sepharose 6B resin through a reversible disulfide linkage. Finally, the products were released from solid‐phase resin in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) as reducing agent and the resin could be recovered and reused. This strategy overcomes the uncertain influence of polymer‐ or ionic‐supports commonly used in enzymatic glycosylation, and showed perfect compatibility with all 10 enzyme modules for the rapid assembly of a series of complex oligosaccharides.
PROTOCOL: Teacher professional development for disability inclusion in low‐ and middle‐income Asia‐Pacific countries: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Ahmed Syeda K. , Jeffries David , Chakraborty Anannya , Lietz Petra , Kaushik Amit , Rahayu Budiarti , Armstrong David , Sundarsagar Kris 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccording to prior research, teacher readiness and capability are key contributors for successful transition towards disability inclusive education, yet in‐service teacher professional development for disability inclusion remains an under‐researched area. The key objective of this evidence and gap map (EGM) is to locate evidence on interventions for disability inclusion focused teacher professional development (TPD) in low‐to‐middle‐income‐countries (LMICs) in the Asia‐Pacific region. As such, it will illustrate different levels of evidence for TPD interventions as well as where there is no evidence (i.e., gaps). In other words, the EGM can make agencies aware where they might be operating in an area that is evidence‐free or evidence‐weak so they can take up interventions that are evidence‐based or collect evidence for the intervention they are presently supporting. Thus, the ultimate goal for the EGM is to assist funders and implementing agencies when making decisions as to how to support LMICs in the region to reach their aim of developing quality teachers for the global inclusive education agenda (target SDG 4.c).
Is diabetes associated with increased pathological burden in Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Sadrolashrafi Kaviyon , Craft Suzanne , Decourt Boris , Adem Abdu , Wilson Jeffrey R. , Miller Justin , Sabbagh Marwan N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypothesized that diabetes is associated with an increased pathological burden in clinically and pathologically diagnosed AD.MethodsAll data were obtained from the Uniform Data Set (UDS) v3, the Neuropathology Data Set, and the Researcher's Data Dictionary‐Genetic Data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. The dataset (37 cases with diabetes and 1158 cases without) relies on autopsy‐confirmed data in clinically diagnosed AD patients who were assessed for diabetes type in form A5 or D2 during at least one visit. Differences in scores were explored using a general linear model. Effect sizes were calculated using sample means and standard deviations (Cohen's d).ResultsThe presence of diabetes was associated with a lower Thal phase of amyloid plaques (A score; 4.6 ± 0.79 vs. 4.3 ± 0.85, P < .05) and lower Braak stage for neurofibrillary degeneration (B score; 5.58 ± 0.72 vs. 5.16 ± 0.96, P < 0.05) but not for density of neocortical neuritic plaques (CERAD score‐C score). The National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ABC score) was not different between AD+DM and AD‐DM.DiscussionThis pilot study found a significantly lower Thal phase of amyloid plaques and Braak stage for neurofibrillary degeneration in AD‐confirmed individuals with diabetes compared to those without. Thus type 2 DM is not associated with increased AD pathology in clinically and pathologically confirmed cases of AD.
Amplified drought induced by climate change reduces seedling emergence and increases seedling mortality for two Mediterranean perennial herbs
Authors: Garnier Suzon , Giordanengo Emma , Saatkamp Arne , Santonja Mathieu , Reiter Ilja M. , Orts Jean‐Philippe , Gauquelin Thierry , Meineri Eric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeedling recruitment is a bottleneck for population dynamics and range shift. The vital rates linked to recruitment by seed are impacted by amplified drought induced by climate change. In the Mediterranean region, autumn and winter seedling emergence and mortality may have strong impact on the overall seedling recruitment. However, studies focusing on the temporal dynamic of recruitment during these seasons are rare. This study was performed in a deciduous Mediterranean oak forest located in southern France and quantifies the impact of amplified drought conditions on autumn and winter seedling emergence and seedling mortality rates of two herbaceous plant species with meso‐Mediterranean and supra‐Mediterranean distribution (respectively, Silene italica and Silene nutans). Seedlings were followed from October 2019 to May 2020 in both undisturbed and disturbed plots where the litter and the aboveground biomass have been removed to create open microsites. Amplified drought conditions reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality for both Silene species but these negative effects were dependent on soil disturbance conditions. Emergence of S. italica decreased only in undisturbed plots (−7%) whereas emergence of S. nutans decreased only in disturbed plots (−10%) under amplified drought conditions. The seedling mortality rate of S. italica was 51% higher under amplified drought conditions in undisturbed plots while that of S. nutans was 38% higher in disturbed plots. Aridification due to lower precipitation in the Mediterranean region will negatively impact the seedling recruitment of these two Silene species. Climate change effects on early vital rates may likely have major negative impacts on the overall population dynamic.
A review on recent advances in the enrichment of glycopeptides and glycoproteins by liquid chromatographic methods: 2016–Present
Authors: Kumari Mona , Tetala Kishore K. R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmong various protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs), glycosylation has received special attention due to its immense role in molecular interactions, cellular signal transduction, immune response, etc. Aberration in glycan moieties of a glycoprotein is associated with cancer, diabetes, and bacterial and viral infections. In biofluids (plasma, saliva, urine, milk, etc.), glycoproteins are low in abundance and are masked by the presence of high abundant proteins. Hence, prior to their identification using mass spectrometry methods, liquid chromatography (LC)‐based approaches were widely used. A general enrichment strategy involves a protein digestion step, followed by LC‐based enrichment and desorption of glycopeptides, and enzymatic excision of the glycans. The focus of this review article is to highlight the articles published since 2016 that dealt with different LC‐based approaches for glycopeptide and glycoprotein enrichment. The preparation of stationary phases, their surface activation, and ligand immobilization strategies have been discussed in detail. Finally, the major developments and future trends in the field have been summarized.
Stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy corpus callosotomy for the treatment of pediatric drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Mallela Arka N. , Hect Jasmine L. , Abou‐Al‐Shaar Hussam , Akwayena Emefa , Abel Taylor J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveCorpus callosotomy is a safe and effective procedure for reducing the frequency of drop attacks. MR‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) offers a minimally invasive alternative to conventional open craniotomy for callosotomy. We hypothesized that MRgLITT callosotomy could be safely performed in pediatric patients with similar seizure control.MethodsWe present an institutional case series of 11 procedures in 10 patients for the treatment of drop attacks in drug‐refractory primary generalized epilepsy. MRgLITT was used for complete callosotomy, anterior two‐thirds, posterior, or ablation of residual callosal fibers following prior callosotomy (open or MRgLITT). We retrospectively reviewed clinical course, operative details, radiographic imaging, clinical outcomes, and complications.ResultsOperative time ranged from 4‐8 hours, and median hospitalization was 2 days. No complications were encountered. Among the 7 patients with at least 3 months of follow‐up, 71% experienced freedom from drop attacks at longest follow‐up and 57% of cases showed improvement in their other seizure semiologies as well (Engel Class II: 28%, Class III: 28%, Class IV: 43%).SignificanceMR‐guided LITT callosotomy is safe and effective modality in the management of pediatric patients with medically intractable epilepsy characterized by drop attacks. While this is among the largest pediatric series to date, further studies are required to delineate its safety and efficacy among such patients.
Clinicopathologic and survival correlates of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma driven by RAS/RAF mutations
Authors: Agaram Narasimhan P. , Huang Shih‐Chiang , Tap William D. , Wexler Leonard H. , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEmbryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is the most common subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Among RMS subtypes, ERMS is associated with a favorable outcome with an overall survival of 70% at 5 years for localized disease. The molecular profile of ERMS is heterogeneous, including mostly point mutations in various genes. Therapeutic strategies have remained relatively consistent irrespective of the molecular abnormalities. In this study, we focus on a homogeneous RAS/RAF mutated ERMS subset and correlate with clinicopathologic findings. Twenty‐six cases (16 males and 10 females) were identified from screening 98 ERMS, either by targeted DNA sequencing (MSK‐IMPACT) or by Sanger sequencing. Fourteen (54%) cases had NRAS mutations, 6 (23%) had KRAS mutations, 5 (19%) had HRAS mutations, and 1 case (4%) had BRAF mutation. Median age at diagnosis was 8 years (range 1–70) with two‐thirds occurring in the children. Tumor sites varied with H&N and GU sites accounting for 62% of cases. RAS isoform hot spot mutations predominated: NRAS p.Q61K (57%), KRAS p.G12D (67%), and HRAS (codons 12, 14, and 61). Additional genetic abnormalities were identified in 85% of the RAS‐mutated cases. At last follow‐up, 29% of patients died of disease and 23% were alive with disease. The 3‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 75% and 61% respectively. In conclusion, RAS mutations occur in 27% of ERMS, with NRAS mutations encompassing half of the cases. Overall RAS‐mutant RMS does not correlate with age or site, but most tumors show an undifferentiated and spindle cell morphology.
Subwavelength on‐chip light focusing with bigradient all‐dielectric metamaterials for dense photonic integration
Authors: Ren Zhihao , Dong Bowei , Qiao Qifeng , Liu Xinmiao , Liu Jinyuan , Zhou Guangya , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits (PICs) provide a promising platform for miniaturized on‐chip optical systems for communication, computation, and sensing applications. The dense integration of photonic components is one of the keys to exploit the advantages of PIC. Although light focusing is a fundamental and indispensable function in PICs, focusing light at the micro/nanometer‐scale is challenging. Here, a bigradient on‐chip metalens (BOML) is proposed to achieve ultrasmall focal lengths and spot sizes at the subwavelength scale for dense PICs. The design of BOML combines gradient geometry and gradient refractive index into one metalens by simultaneously engineering the length and width of subwavelength silicon slots. With a small device footprint of only 168 μm, the BOML achieves efficient on‐chip focusing with the record‐breaking figure‐of‐merits, which are the ratio of wavelength to focal length/spot size (0.268 and 2.83) and numerical aperture (1.78). Leveraging on the Fresnel design, the footprint of BOML is further reduced by 55.1%, and the numerical aperture is enhanced to 1.9. The demonstration of mode conversion and beam steering with efficiency over 80% and a tilting range of 7.2° holds the potential for highly dense on‐chip photonic systems for optical communication, optical sensing, nonlinear optics, and neural networks for deep learning.image
Impact of grit, resilience, and stress levels on burnout and well‐being of dental students
Authors: Al‐Zain Afnan O. , Abdulsalam Sarah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveDentistry is demanding and requires a high level of diligence and resilience, resulting in high stress that may impact students’ burnout and well‐being. The aims were to: (1) investigate the levels of grit, resilience, stress, burnout, and well‐being among students at King Abdulaziz University‐Faculty of Dentistry; (2) explore age, gender, dentistry as the first career choice, academic level, grit, resilience, and stress as predictors for burnout and well‐being among dental students; (3) investigate the correlations among grit, resilience, stress, burnout, and well‐being among dental students.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was distributed, comprised of demographic information and five validated scales: (1) grit (grit‐8‐item); (2) resilience (The Connor‐Davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC)); (3) stress (perceived stress scale); (4) burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory); (5) well‐being (World Health Organization‐5). The total students number was (n = 1057), number of participants were (n = 355), and the response rate was (33%). Predictors of well‐being and burnout (multiple linear regression analyses) and correlations among the scales (Spearman Correlation Coefficient) were performed.ResultsMedian age (22 years old). Trait levels varied among students. Grit, stress, and academic year were significant predictors for burnout (p < 0.0001), where sixth‐year undergraduates showed significantly high, third‐year undergraduate and graduates showed significantly low burnout levels. Age, gender, stress, and academic year were significant predictors for well‐being (p < 0.0001), where older students and fifth‐year undergraduates showed significantly low, and males showed significantly high well‐being levels. Burnout had a significant moderate positive relationship with stress and a weak negative relationship with resilience and grit. Well‐being had a significant negative moderate relationship with burnout and stress and a weak positive relationship with resilience.ConclusionThe levels of grit, resilience, stress, burnout, and well‐being, and correlations varied among dental students. The academic level was a common significant predictor between burnout and well‐being. We recommend reinforcing existing programs at the school and implementing a resilience program to reduce burnout levels and improve students’ well‐being.
Hot saline irrigation in comparison to nasal packing after sinus surgery
Authors: Nordström Axel , Jangard Mattias , Svedberg Marie , Kullenberg Helena , Ryott Michael , Kumlin Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have shown that hot saline solution (HSS) nasal irrigation is effective against nasal bleeding and is used to treat nasal hemorrhage. In a pilot study, we evaluated hot saline nasal irrigation in comparison to a routinely used nasal packing in terms of self‐reported complications and mucosal healing after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodsPatients undergoing surgery for bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis received polyvinyl acetate (PVA) nasal packing in the left nostril, and the right nostril was rinsed with 47°C sterile saline immediately after surgery. Patients' experiences of pain, bleeding, and other types of uncomfortable experiences were measured using a visual analog scale for each nostril before, during, and immediately after nasal packing removal. Two weeks post‐surgery, the assessments were repeated including an endoscopic evaluation of the mucosa by the surgeon.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients completed the study. Prior to removal of the packing, the patients experienced significantly more pain and other uncomfortable experiences in the nostril treated with nasal packing, as compared to the nostril solely rinsed with hot saline. After removal, patients reported significantly more uncomfortable experiences from the packing treated nostril. Two weeks post‐surgery, no difference in mucosal healing was observed between the two nostrils.ConclusionsThe results from this study indicate that irrigation with HSS could be an alternative postoperative treatment to conventional PVA nasal packing. Hot saline irrigation may contribute to patients experiencing improved control of postoperative bleeding, pain, and less suffering of other causes as well as health‐economic benefits, without affecting the mucosal healing up to 2 weeks post‐surgery.Level of Evidence1b
Elaboration of near‐valence band defect states leading deterioration of ambipolar operation in SnO thin‐film transistors
Authors: Minohara Makoto , Asanuma Shutaro , Asai Hidehiro , Dobashi Yuka , Samizo Akane , Tezuka Yasuhisa , Ozawa Kenichi , Mase Kazuhiko , Hase Izumi , Kikuchi Naoto , Aiura Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAmbipolar transistor operation in SnO thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is a promising character for future practical application, such as in integrated logic devices based on oxide semiconductors, because of its ability to develop them using a single material. However, there are only a few reports that demonstrate the apparent ambipolar operation for SnO TFTs owing to the insufficient knowledge on the reasons for deterioration of device performance. Although a previous study controls the operation mode of SnO TFTs [A. W. Lee et al. Adv. Electron. Mater. 6, 200742 (2020)], an additional passivating layer is required; however, it hinders the benefits of SnO usage. In this study, we provide the mechanism of deterioration of the ambipolar character of bare SnO TFTs, that is, the origin of defect states near the valence band maximum (near‐VB defect). Comprehensive spectroscopic approaches including photoemission, X‐ray emission, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, reveal that near‐VB defect states originate from oxygen vacancies, existing at the surface, and also in the entire SnO film. This finding is useful to improve device performance for obtaining the ambipolar operation of SnO TFTs.