bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Wrist Tapping on Interhemispheric Coherence in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Authors: Narodova Ekaterina , Shnayder Natalia , Karnaukhov Vladislav , Bogomolova Olesya , Petrov Kirill , Narodova Valeriya 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of interhemispheric coherence (IC) as an indicator of integration of different areas of the brain and their participation in the performance of certain functions before and after wrist tapping (WT), using the author's method in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).	Methods and Results: The study included 81 subjects of working age, including 51 clinically healthy volunteers (median age of 39[21;56] years) and 30 patients (median age of 27[23;38] years) with JME. Analysis of IC in the electrode pairs Fp1-Fp2, F3-F4, C3-C4, T3-T4 was performed using a computer encephalographic complex. A coherent EEG analysis was used to identify and evaluate the relationships between different areas of the brain. Based on the change in the coherence coefficients (CCs), the level of integrative activity of brain structures was quantified. In healthy volunteers, before and after WT, we observed a statistically significant decrease in CCs for the beta-1 band in the pairs Fp1-Fp2, F3-F4, and C3-C4 (P<0.05), while in the pair T3-T4, changes in CCs were not statistically significant (P>0.05). At the same time, a statistically significant decrease in CCs in the alpha band was found only in the frontal regions in the pairs Fp1-Fp2 and F3-F4 (P<0.05). No statistically significant changes were found in all the studied pairs in the theta band. When comparing CCs in JME patients in beta–1 and theta bands, before and after WT, we did not find statistically significant changes in CCs in all the studied electrode pairs. However, in the alpha band, we found a statistically significant decrease in CCs in the frontal region in the F3-F4 (P=0.0038) and C3-C4 electrode pairs (P=0.034). The results of the study of interhemispheric integration showed statistically significant differences between patients with JME and the control group.	Conclusion: WT according to the author's method does not provoke the occurrence of interictal epileptiform discharges on the EEG and epileptic seizures in patients with JME. Coherent analysis showed positive changes in interhemispheric integrations of neurons in the beta–1 and alpha frequency ranges, mainly in the anterior hemispheres.
Low-temperature Direct Bonding of Inp and Diamond Substrates Under Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Matsumae Takashi , Takigawa Ryo , Kurashima Yuichi , Takagi Hideki , Higurashi Eiji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An InP substrate was directly bonded on a diamond heat spreader for efficient heat dissipation. The InP surface activated by oxygen plasma and the diamond surface cleaned with an NH3/H2O2 mixture were contacted under atmospheric conditions. Subsequently, the InP/diamond specimen was annealed at 250 °C to form direct bonding. The InP and diamond substrates formed atomic bonds with a shear strength of 9.3 MPa through an amorphous intermediate layer with a thickness of 3 nm. As advanced thermal management can be provided by typical surface cleaning processes followed by low-temperature annealing, the proposed bonding method would facilitate next-generation InP devices, such as transistors for high-frequency and high-power operations.
Comparison of Apical and Basolateral Cu Treatment for Iron-related Gene Regulation During Deferoxamine Induced Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Evcan Ezgi , gulec sukru 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Intestinal copper transporter (Atp7a) mutant brindled mice with systemic Cu deficiency had elevated Cu levels in enterocyte cells without any perturbation of iron regulating genes, suggesting that blood Cu level might be important for intestinal iron homeostasis during iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We hypothesized that the blood Cu level and polarization (apical and basolateral) of enterocyte cells might be important regulators for the compensatory response on the regulation of genes in enterocyte cells during IDA. Methods: We grew Caco-2 cells on a bicameral cell culture plate to mimic the human intestine system and on a regular tissue culture plate. IDA was induced by Deferoxamine (DFO). The cells were treated with Cu and Cu with Fe following mRNA expressions of DMT1, FPN, TFR, and ANKRD37 were analyzed. Results: Our main finding was that basolateral treatment of Cu significantly reduced mRNA expressions of iron-regulated genes, including DMT1, FPN, TFR, and ANKRD37, compared to DFO treated and DFO with apical Cu treated groups in both bicameral and regular tissue culture plates. Conclusions: Cu level in the basolateral side of Caco-2 cells significantly influenced the intracellular gene regulation in DFO induced iron-deficient condition, and polarization of the cells might be important factor gene regulation in enterocyte cells.
Establishment and Application of a Taqman Reverse Transcriptase Quantitative Real Time Pcr Assay for Feline Calicivirus
Authors: zhao jingjie , Liang Lin , Zhang Guangzhi , Li Wenhui , Li Shaohan , Cui Shangjin , Liang Ruiying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an infectious pathogen that causes disease in cats. With the current emergence of FCV-associated virulent systemic disease (FCV VSD) worldwide, the establishment of a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible diagnostic assay for its detection is important to inform prevention and control strategies. In this study, specific primers and TaqMan-FAM probes were designed based on the conserved regions of the FCV genome sequence, and a TaqMan reverse transcriptase quantitative real time PCR assay was established. This assay could specifically detected the FCV genome. The assay had a wide dynamic range, with linear detection in the range of 9.6×109 copies/μL to 9.6×100 copies/μL, with a limit of detection of 9.6×100 copies/μL, showing high sensitivity and repeatability. In addition, we used this assay to evaluated clinical samples (n=100) taken from cats from across China for the presence/absence of FCV genetic material For samples with low virus content, the positive detection rate of TaqMan reverse transcriptase quantitative real time PCR assay (RT-qPCR) was much higher than that of conventional reverse transcriptase PCR assay (cRT-PCR). And The qRT-PCR assay was used to detect the viral load of cat swabs within 17 days after FCV infection. From days 1-9, the oral and nasal swabs generally had higher viral loads than the anal swabs. While from days 10-17, the levels in the oral and nasal swabs being generally lower than those in the anal swabs. Overall, this FCV TaqMan RT-qPCR assay assay represents a rapid and accurate.
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling to increase BMI1 by Licl attenuates the toxicity of cisplatin in the HEI-OC1 auditory cells
Authors: Xu Yingpeng , Sun Chen , Lu Chen , Liu Yaqing , Lu Ling , Li Qi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cisplatin is a very effective anti-tumor drug; nonetheless, it can induce cochlear hair cell apoptosis and ototoxicity in large doses. WNT/β-catenin signaling is also closely related to aging, embryonic development, and apoptosis. We establish a cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 auditory cells model. WNT/β-catenin was activated by GSK3 inhibitor Licl to detect the expression level of each component of the WNT pathway and BMI1. The expression of BMI1 in the hair cell line model of HEI-OC1 cells induced by cisplatin was significantly reduced, and cell apoptosis was significantly reduced by increasing the expression level of cell line BMI through activating WNT/β-catenin signaling. Activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling to increase BMI1 expression can reduce the apoptosis of cochlear hair cells induced by cisplatin. BMI1 also has a protective effect on the ototoxicity of cisplatin.
Customized Depolarization Spatial Patterns With Dynamic Retardance Functions
Authors: Marco David , López-Morales Guadalupe , Sánchez-López María Mar , Lizana Ángel , Moreno Ignacio , Campos Juan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work we demonstrate customized depolarization spatial patterns by imaging a dynamical time-dependent pixelated retarder. A proof-of-concept of the proposed method is presented, where a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator is used as a spatial retarder that emulates a controlled spatially variant depolarizing sample by addressing a time-dependent phase mask. We apply an imaging Mueller polarimetric system based on a polarization camera to verify the effective depolarization effect. Experimental validation is provided by temporal integration on the detection system. The effective depolarizance results are fully described within a simple graphical approach which agrees with standard Mueller matrix decomposition methods. The potential of the method is discussed by means of three practical cases, which include non-reported depolarization spatial patterns, including exotic structures as a spirally shaped depolarization pattern.
Human Health Risk Regulation of Reproductive Toxicity, Neurotoxicity, and Endocrine Disruption in Special Populations Exposed to Organophosphorus Flame Retardants
Authors: Yang Jiawen , Zhao Wenjin , Li Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the joint toxicological characteristics of reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and endocrine disruption (ED) by organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) were regulated by process control. Molecular docking technology, molecular dynamics (MD), 2D-QSAR model, and density functional theory (DFT) were used to develop a health risk regulation scheme for special population such as pregnant women exposed to OPFRs. It was found that MD simulations confirmed the effectiveness of the recommended complementary food scheme (CFS) for the pregnant women with low health risk. When β-lactoglobulin, α-lactoalbumin, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein, ovalbumin (OVA), ovotransferrin (OVT), vitamin, plant pigment, apple polyphenols, and malic acid were present in the CFS, the joint toxicity of OPFRs in pregnant women were significantly decreased by 91.18%. The reproductive toxicity played a dominant role in the joint toxicity and could be reduced by 82.48% under the recommended CFS. There was a competitive relationship between the nutrients in the recommended CFS and OPFRs binding to the joint toxic receptor (JTR). The former could easily occupy the target binding spot of the JTR protein, which reduced or prevented the binding of OPFRs to the JTR. In addition, simulation of OPFRs molecular metabolic pathways in pregnant women under the recommended CFS showed that the binding affinity between OPFRs and six metabolic kinases in pregnant women was significantly decreased (–28.85% -–87.54%), indicating that the inhibition effect of OPFRs on normal biochemical reactions in the human body was significantly reduced, which to a certain extent verified the effectiveness of the recommended CFS.
Perceptions and Experiences of Health-care Personnel Regarding Violence Against Health Care: a Qualitative Multiple Case Study
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naseem , Awan Babar , Khan Mirwais , Mehboob Usman , Haq Zia Ul , Zohaib Mohsin , Baddia Faryal , Khan Salman , Polkowski Maciej 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealth-care workers are at high risk of facing violence all over the world. The sanctity, respect and protection of health care is threatened by violence in health-care settings. The study aims to explore the perception of health-care personnel about violence in health-care settings in district Peshawar.MethodsThis qualitative multiple case study uses a participatory approach to develop an understanding of the processes and themes that explain the health-care personnel`s experience of violence. Ten focus group discussions and three individual in-depth interviews were conducted with eighty-three participants recruited through purposive sampling.ResultsThree distinct recurrent themes emerged from the responses of the different stakeholders and consensus was reached on seven broad categories. The themes were: (a) Not all the wounds are visible: the theme describes the nature, frequency, and characteristics of violence and explores that violence is not merely any physical action taken against men or women to cause visible physical wounds, but also includes verbal or emotional abuse that attempts to hurt the feelings or affects the health of an individual. (b) But violence is never the answer: different categories including the perpetrators of violence, causes, and contributing factors, and the consequences and effects of violence on individuals and institutions were explored and summarized that there could be many causes to provoke violence but still violence cannot be justified. (c) Vaccine for violence: described the various strategies for the prevention of violence and suggests various measures at the public and institutional levels to be incorporated for a future without violence. ConclusionThe study concluded that violence against health care is a frequently occurring phenomenon in health-care settings. Most of the incidents are not highlighted as they are verbal/emotional but have far more impact on the health-care personnel. A holistic approach was suggested for ending violence in the health-care settings and the need to involve all relevant stakeholders was emphasized. The recommended measures include policy formulation, promoting awareness and education, capacity building of health-care personnel on communication strategies/consultation skills, improved security of the health-care settings, and positive role of media in promoting the respect of health-care personnel. Further research should then focus on evaluating the effectiveness of these measures.
Prevalence of Thalassemia-carrier of Couples at Childbearing Age and Risk Prediction of Thalassemia
Authors: Wu Liu-song , Zhang Li-Jun , Luo Hong-Fang , Huang Ge , Luo Xi , Tan Mei , Chen Jindong , Chen Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Thalassemia is highly prevalent hematologic disease in Guizhou, China. This study aims to determine the epidemiological characteristics of thalassemia for couples at childbearing age in this subpopulation.Results: There were 4481 couples at childbearing age recruited for thalassemia-carrier screening through both traditional hematological tests and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Of them, 1314 (14.66%) thalassemia-carriers were identified, including 857 (9.76%) α-thalassemia, 391 (4.36%) β-thalassemia, and 48 (0.54%) composite α and β-thalassemia. Of them, 38 couples were high-risk thalassemia carriers. In addition, 12 a-globin gene alterations and 16 b-globin mutations were detected including four novel thalassemia mutations. SEA is the most common α-thalassemia genotype (26.86%), CD41-42 is the most prevalent β-thalassemia genotype (36.57%); the αα/-α3.7 + CD41-42 is the most frequent composite α and β-thalassemia genotype (18.75%). Ethnically, the Zhuang has the highest rate of thalassemia-gene carriers among the ethnic groups. Geographically, Qiannan presented the highest rate of thalassemia-gene carrier. Conclusion: This result enriched the genetic map of thalassemia and provided thalassemia genetic counseling and fertility-guidance for thalassemia-carriers in Guizhou, China. The NGS is so far the most accurate method for population thalassemia screening.
Physical Exercise Mitigates the Disturbs Caused in Ventral Prostate by High Fat Diet, Clarifying the Role of&nbsp;PPAR-Alpha
Authors: Tavares Maria Eduarda Almeida , Veras Allice Santos Cruz , Baptista Danilo Bianchini , Teixeira Giovana Rampazzo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Body fat resulting from the consumption of fatty foods develops inflammation, a precursor to obesity, diabetes mellitus and prostatic diseases, causing tissue changes. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise in conjunction with PPARα promotes an increase in energy expenditure, modulating cellular metabolism by altering prostate cell metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of the gene transcription factor PPARα as a prostatic regulator associated with the effects of aerobic physical exercise in mice fed to a high-fat diet. Wild Type and PPARα -/- mice (C57BL/6J) were fed a high-fat diet and submitted to aerobic physical training for 8 weeks. Prostates of male mice were analyzed histologically and metabolically for PIN progression. These findings suggest that the absence of PPARα reduces adiposity and but does not modify the expression AR and GR, up-regulate prostate inflammation, and suppresses Fas (CD95/Apo-1) increase in TNF-α, induced by prostatic lesions. On the other hand, aerobic physical exercise was effective in protecting prostatic damage induced by a high-fat diet, both in wild type and in PPARα-/- animals. The absence PPARα induces an inflammatory process and prostatic changes and associated with a high-fat diet, however, these inflammatory processes induce increased apoptosis and may further inhibit cell growth associated with physical exercise.
Shared Decision-Making for Pain Management After Third Molar Extractions in Adolescents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mitchell Shannon , Truitt Anjali , Davin Lauryn , Rindal D. Brad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Understanding how adolescent patients and their parents make decisions about pain management after complex dental procedures could help reduce the use of opioid medications in this population. This study explored how adolescent patients and their parents make decisions about pain management after third molar extractions.Methods: Participants were identified from administrative databases based on age (15-17 years) and a dental extraction performed in the last 8 days. Structured interviews were conducted by phone, with interview guides tailored separately to patients and parents. De-identified interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative analysis software using a directed content analysis approach.Results: A total of 15 patient/parent dyads were interviewed. There was high concordance in terms of shared decision-making and pain management views in this dyadic sample. In addition to conversations with their dentist, most patients and their parents discussed pain management plans that included non-medication options, over-the-counter medications, and opioid medications to be taken as needed. All participants reported that the adolescent received an opioid prescription for post-extraction pain management but most only took it the day of the extraction and up to 2 days following, usually based on the patient’s reported pain levels and perceptions of over-the-counter medication adequacy. Participants said they did not receive guidance from their provider concerning disposal of unused opioid medications. Conclusions: Shared decision-making concerning pain management was common for adolescents and their parents following third molar extractions. Providers may have an opportunity to reduce the number of opioids prescribed, since respondents reported little to no use of opioids that they were prescribed. Providers should educate patients and their parents about safe disposal of opioids to mitigate the potential for diversion.Trial registration: not applicable
In-situ Monitoring of Direct Energy Deposition via Structured Light System and its Application in Remanufacturing Industry
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Shen Weijun , Suresh Vignesh , Hamilton Jakob , Yeh Li-Hsin , Jiang Xuepeng , Zhang Zhan , Li Qing , Li Beiwen , Rivero Iris V. , Qin Hantang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Direct Energy Deposition (DED) process utilizes laser energy to melt metal powders and deposit them on the substrate layer to manufacture complex metal parts. This study was applied as a remanufacturing and repair process to fix used parts, which reduced unnecessary waste in the manufacturing industry. However, there could be defects generated during the repair, such as porosity or bumpy morphological defects. Traditionally the operator would use a design of experiment (DOE) or simulation method to understand the printing parameters’ influence on the printed part. There are several influential factors: laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding rate, and standoff distance. Each DED machine has a different setup in practice, which results in some uncertainties for the printing results. For example, the nozzle diameter and laser type could be varied in different DED machines. Thus, it was hypothesized that a repair could be more effective if the printing process could be monitored in real-time. In this study, a structured light system (SLS) was used to capture the printing process’s layer-wise information. The SLS system is capable of performing 3D surface scanning with a high-resolution of 10 µm. To determine how much material needs to be deposited, given the initial scanning of the part and allowing the real-time observation of each layer’s information. Once a defect was found in-situ, the DED machine (hybrid machine) would change the tool and remove the flawed layer. After the repair, the nondestructive approach computed tomography (CT) was applied to examine its interior features. In this research, a DED machine using 316L stainless steel was used to perform the repairing process to demonstrate its effectiveness. The lab-built SLS system was used to capture each layer’s information, and CT data was provided for the quality evaluation. The novel manufacturing approach could improve the DED repair quality, reduce the repair time, and promote repair automation. In the future, it has a great potential to be used in the manufacturing industry to repair used parts and avoid the extra cost involved in buying a new part.
Priming Effect of Thiamine on the Enhancement of Induced Resistance to the Plant Disease Phytophthora Nicotianae in Tobacco
Authors: Tao Liu , Suohui Tian , Yanping Chen , Shuhui Zi , Jian Mei , Zhijiang Wang , Xianwen Ye 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Induced resistance by elicitors is considered to be an eco-friendly strategy to stimulate plant defense against pathogen attack. Thiamine (vitamin B1,VB1) can act as a plant defence trigger, or priming agent, leading to a rapid counterattack on pathogen invasion.To date, the mechanisms by which VB1 provides protection against plant disease have yet to be fully elucidated, expecially no reports about VB1 treatment influenced the development of Phytophthora nicotianae in plant. Tobacco black shank (TBS) caused by P. nicotianae is destructive to almost all tobacco cultivars and is widespread in many tobacco-growing countries. In the present study, the priming effect of VB1 on tobacco against the disease P. nicotianae and its biochemical and molecular impact on plant defense mechanisms were evaluated. Base on the effect of VB1 on mycelial growth and zoospore formation, the appropriate VB1 treatment was used in protecting tobacco against P. nicotianae. For VB1 pretreatment, tobacco exhibited a significant reduction in disease severity. Consistent with the occurrence of induced resistance, the pronounced increase in H2O2 level, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) activities were observed. For defense reactions, VB1 promoted the increases of H2O2, SA and lignin contents. Moreover, the expressions of PR1, PR5, NPR1, PAL, CM1, H1N1 and EFE26 were induced by VB1, which also involved in defense reactions. Our findings indicate that the priming effect of VB1 may partially depend on the production of the callose deposition, H2O2 accumulation, and hormone SA production.