bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Identification of Isolates of Ustilago Maydis (Dc.) Corda the Causal Common Smut in Maize
Authors: Abed J. M. , Samer S. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim of study was to isolate and identify U. maydis races that cause common smut disease using molecular methods. In addition to detect phylogenetic relation among isolates of local races and global races using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) through phylogenetic tree using Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS). DNA was extracted from 50 isolates of U.maydis and detected 34 bands from the isolates using gel electrophoresis including (8 Baghdad, 5 Babylon, 14 Waset and 7 Erbil ) .Results revealed that detection of isolates was on ITS region and DNA diagnostic was detected at 650 base pair( bp) of all the isolates using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Also the study included determination of sequencing the nitrogen bases for the isolates. Results indicated that Baghdad isolates of (Um 21,Um 22, Um23, Um24, Um25, Um26, Um27, Um28) have relative relation with global race of FBI.. While Babylon isolates ( Um 5, Um 6, Um7, Um8, Um 10) were had close relation with race 521. And isolates of Waset showed a variation in relationship of a number of global races, Isolate Um41 was closely related to 521, and isolates Um32, Um47, Um48 were closely to the race XA0609, and isolates Um30, Um33, Um36, Um37, Um38, Um43, Um44, Um46, Um49 they are relevant to the races CPO10.020a. However, isolates of Erbil ( Um11, Um 12, Um 14, Um15, Um 16, Um 17, Um19) were in relation with race FB1. Results of genetic origin demonstrated that of Baghdad,Babylon,Waset and Erbil have close relation with global FB1, 521, CPO10.020a, XA0609 which has a1b1 genotype).
Response of Kumquat (Fortunella margarita) Transplants to Foliar Spray with Bio-stimulator and GA3
Authors: Al-Falahy Th. H. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in one of the private orchards at Ramadi district, Anbar governorate for two seasons (2019 and 2020) with the objective to observe the effect of spraying kumquat transplants with age 2 years by bio-stimulator “Grow Amine “and gibberellic acid (GA3) on some vegetative characteristics and leaf mineral content. Bio-stimulator spray included control (distilled water only), 0.5, 0.75, and 1gm.l−1, on the other hand, spraying GA3 included, spray with distilled water served as (control), 15 and 20 mg.l−1. Spray bio-stimulator and GA3 had a significant effect in most of the vegetative traits and N, P, K leaf content compared to the control, bio-stimulator with 1gm.l−1 and GA3with 20 mg.l−1 had achieved the highest value for all parameters.
Morphological Response of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni to Organic Fertilizer and Proline
Authors: Al-Shaheen M. R. , Hamad R. M. , Khaleefa H. G. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy - Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering - College of Agriculture - University of Anbar to testing the response of Stevia rebaudiana bertoni to spraying Organic fertilizer and Proline, three levels of Organic fertilizer (0mg, 50mg and 100mg) used, as well as three levels of Proline used (0mg, 100mg and 200mg). The results showed that the treatments sprayed with the Organic fertilizer (100mg) were significantly superior with the highest ratios of plant height, number of leaves per plant and leaf thickness, recorded (55.20cm) (729 leaf) (07370mm), respectively Whereas, the best ratios of the above characteristics were recorded when spraying with Proline, (87.04cm) (737 leaf) (07620mm) respectively. The highest rate of plant height, the number of leaves per plant, and the thickness of the leaf were recorded when the interaction between the experiment factors, where the highest rate was recorded at the interaction (100 mg Organic fertilizer and 200 mg Proline) the highest ratios were recorded (97.50cm) (789 leaf) (07740mm), respectively.
Response of Four Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Varieties to Four Nano Fertilizers
Authors: Al-Zebari Y.I , Kahlel A.M S. , Al-Hamdany S.Y.H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at vegetable field, Department of Plant Production, Technical Agricultural College, Mosul, Iraq during spring season of 2020, to investigate the response of four potato varieties (Arizona, Florice, Laperla, Montreal) to four Nano fertilizers Kind (K, B. Zn, Fe 2 gm. L.−1) with recommend dosage of NPK as well as the recommend dosage of NPK 20:20:20 at 600 Kg.ha−1 as control.
The four potato varieties were sown on 26 February in loamy soil at drip irrigation system T-tap. Nano fertilizers were spraying at 2 gm. L.−1 constriction three times in the season. The treatments were arranged in factorial experiment in split plot with in randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed Montreal variety give the higher value of average tuber weight (82.022 gm.), total and marketable yield of plant (1048.3, 1007.8 gm.), total and marketable yield of hectare ( 58.241,55.993 ton.ha.−1), dry matter and starch in tuber( 21.877 %, 15.500%). Spraying with four Nano fertilizers kind increase significantly all the parameters of yield and quality compared with control treatment an Zn nano give the higher value of number of tubers per plant (15.177), plant yield (1150.6 gm.), total yield (63.925 ton.ha.−1 ) and marketable yield (61.106 ton.ha.−1) while the higher value of dry matter (22.062 %), starch (15.667 %) an TSS (5.571%) was from K nano.
Performance of Some Plant Species Grown in Replacement Design under Different Competition Mode
Authors: Dizayee A. S. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA pot experiments was conducted at Grdarasha Experimental Farm / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / Salahaddin University / Erbil, during the winter growing season 2016 and 2017 to study the performance ofTriticum aestivumL. andCicer arietinumL. in sole cropping and intercropping in the presence of theSinapis arvensisL. in a substitutive experiment arrangement with single, double and triple consortium. Experimental treatments were both pure stands and mix stands. Intercrops were symbolized by numbers and letters as (1A:2B:3C). The preceding number of each letter denotes the proportion of the land occupied by each of theTriticum aestivum(A),Cicer arietinumL. (B) andSinapis arvensisL. (C). Pot experiment was consist of four modes of competition (full, shoot, root and no-competition) among three competitor plant species. As for wheat the relative plant height 1.05 was obtained in root competition mode, the same effect observed on grain yield relatively with values 1.29. In addition, it appears that mustard in treatment 2A3B1C has significantly outperformed all the other treatments with mean relative values 1.54 and 1.17 respectively in grain and biological yield measured originally as g plant−1.
Effects of Using Magnetic Water on Egg Quality and Biochemical composition in Commercial Layers
Authors: Radha G. H. , Al-Sardary S. Y. T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using different powers of magnetic field technology (0, 1000, 1500, 2000 gausses) of well water treatment on, egg quality (external and internal properties of egg and Biochemical internal egg composition) of (Brown Lohman classic) layers. A total of two hundred and fifty-six (256) commercial Brown Lohman Classic strain 48 week’s age and nearly similar body weight were randomly assigned of commercial-type caged layer divided into four groups of 64 hens for each group, with (8) replicates per treatment. The birds housed in an environmentally controlled building with a density of eight (8) hens per replicate (cage). The results showed that using magnetic water had significantly (P≤0.05) increasing in accumulative results of external egg improving in eggshell thickness, egg shape index, egg soft shell percentage, undesirable egg percentage) in groups that used magnetic water compared with the control group but eggshell percentage and shell strength and broken egg percentage had not affected significantly (P≤0.05) by using magnetic water. Accumulative results of internal egg quality showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in yolk index, albumen index, albumen high, haugh unit by groups that used magnetic water compared with the control group, also, revealed that yolk percentage and albumen percentage had not been affected significantly (P≤0.05) by different level of magnetic water .Also Results showed that using magnetic water with different powers caused a significant (P≤0.05) increasing in chemical egg composition (egg moisture percentage, protein percentage, calcium and sodium ppm) compared with the control group, Fat percentage and ash percentage decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by all groups that used magnetic water comparing with the control group.
Meat Quality and Carcass Characteristics Assessments in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Different Pre-Slaughter Feed Withdrawal Times
Authors: Sabaw A. B. , Muhammed T. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different pre-slaughter feed withdrawal on broiler chickens meat yield and quality. Eighteen 42-d-old broilers were submitted to either 9 hours pre-slaughter feed withdrawal, 12 hours pre-slaughter feed withdrawal or 15 hours pre-slaughter feed withdrawal. At the end of each fasting times, the birds were slaughtered following the halal slaughter procedure to assess carcass and meat quality characteristics. The results indicated no differences (P>0.05) in the physicochemical properties of meat among different pre-slaughter fasting times. However, broiler fasted 15 hours possessed the lowest (P<0.05) carcass yields than others. It can deduce that 9h pre-slaughter feed fasting duration had better efficiency on carcass and quality of meat traits but pre-slaughter feed withdrawal duration can last up to 12 hours. Therefore, more investigations are needed to study 9 or 12 hours pre-slaughter feed fasting times on other factors such as carcass contamination and lipid oxidation.
Some Characteristics and Functional Properties of Chitin Produced From Local Mushroom Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Fadhil A. , Mous E. F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The physiochemical characteristics include: density, solubility, viscosity, molecular weight, degree of deacetylation and functional properties like fat and water binding capacity were studied for chitosan that prepared from chitin of Agaricus bisporus mushroom, the chitosan prepared by treatment of chitin with 47% alkaline solution at 60°C remove 4 hour−1. The yield of chitin extract from chitosan showed that the chitin extraction rate was 16% based on the dry weight of the fungus. Chitosan, which was produced in this study, was diagnosed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) method. The degree of deacetylation (DD%) of the chitosan produced from the fungus it was 71.5% chitosan showed viscosity of 5.5 centipoise the viscosity has been estimated when chitosan dissolved in 1% acetic acid solution. The molecular weight of the fungus chitosan was 604,610 Dalton. The chitosan was characterized by high solubility (72%) in 1% acetic acid solution and showed high water binding capacity and fat binding capacity were 674%, 257% respectively of the fungal chitosan.
Analysis of improving oil recovery in polymer area by expanding swept volume
Authors: Zou Lipeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to realize the development effect of the new K1 polymer flooding block in T oilfield, meet the recovery ratio not lower than that of the old test area and the small well spacing area, and reach or exceed the established development goal of the salt-resistant test area, it is necessary to expand the swept volume technology research. Through the research and application of a series of swept volume expansion technologies, such as high concentration and low speed stage parameters of different types of well groups, application of concentration reduction and speed increase, injection modification and deep profile control, the oil recovery is enhanced. At the stage of high concentration and low speed injection, the suitable injection concentrations of ABCD-IV wells are 1800mg/L-2100mg/L, 1500mg/L-1800mg/L, 1200mg/L-1500mg/L and 1200mg/L and below respectively. Based on the inflection point pressure of the indicator curve during water injection, after the pressure limit of concentration reduction and speed increase is determined to be 8.0MPa, the ratio of liquid absorption thickness before and after the measures and the relative liquid absorption of thin and poor layers show a trend of rising first and then falling; According to the pressure rising space, the injection pressure of all kinds of wells has decreased and the water absorption profile has been improved, and the effect of C and D wells is better than that of A and B; Seen from the drop of apparent water absorption index, the increase of liquid absorption thickness, the maximum water cut drop of connected production wells and the cumulative oil increase of single well, the effect of deep adjustment is the best in blank water drive period, followed by water cut drop period and poor in water cut recovery period.
Research Progress on Structure and Property of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite
Authors: Liu Yaodong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research briefly introduces the research background, structure, properties and application fields of perovskite, and reviews the research progress of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite in recent years. The effects of crystal structure and organic cations on the stability, thermal conductivity, carrier mobility and optical and electrical properties of the hybrid perovskite are summarized, with which the importance of controlled crystal growth is highlighted and the current preparation methods and new preparation processes of perovskite materials are concluded. Finally, a prospection of perovskite materials and their applications is put forward, which provides a theoretical understanding for new perovskite materials with better crystal growth and crystal face control in the future, so as to promote the development of perovskite solar cells, light energy devices and other related fields.
Mineral Economic Regionalization in the Context of Resource Crisis and Sustained Economic Growth
Authors: Song Meng , Liu Baoshun , Zhang Junyu , Keqing Li 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As mineral resources are the material basis of social and economic development, the study on the correlation between the mineral resource industry and the regional economy, which aims at a scientific division of economic zones and a clear understanding of industrial characteristics, is crucial in addressing issues related to the management of resources and economy such as regional industrial development and territorial and spatial planning. By discussing the relation between dependence on mineral resources and national economy development, this study divides the Chinese mainland into three resource-based regions, nine resource-assisted regions and 19 non-resource-based regions based on quantified regional differences underpinned by the theory of threshold effects for measurement data. Furthermore, policy recommendations are proposed to pave the path for differentiated regional development after considering multiple factors including features of regional economy and resource potential. In addition to better serving and supporting economic development, territorial and spatial planning and the strategy of mineral resources, such recommendations are expected to provide differentiated development strategies for different types of regions.
The Optimal Operation Model of Electric-Thermal-Gas Integrated Energy System Considering Multi-Energy Complementarity
Authors: Zhao Ailin , Ma Jiaxin , Zhou Xichao , Cong Lin , Bai Baohua , Zeng Ming , Zhang Xiaochun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As China’s environment and climate problems become more and more serious, the integrated energy system is booming. However, the coupling between various systems is not strong, and it is urgent to increase the coupling between multiple systems. Taking the total cost of the integrated energy system as the objective function, the independent operation and coupling transformation of the power system, natural gas system and thermal system within the system are considered. In this paper, a system planning model is built to meet the three types of loads in the system: electric load, thermal load and gas load, so as to increase the coupling of the system, ensure the reliable operation of the integrated energy system and improve the energy utilization efficiency.
Analysis of Combined Participation of Wind Power and Electric Heating in Power Supply System
Authors: Sun Yong , Li Yutian , Liu Xin , Zeng Ming , Liu Chang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the serious situation of wind abandonment in the “Three North” areas, solve the problem of local consumption of large-scale wind power and improve the peak shaving capacity of power grid, this paper combines regenerative electric heating with wind power with anti-peak shaving characteristics, and analyses the benefits of power side and load side under the combined operation mode of wind power and regenerative electric heating from two aspects of cost and benefit. The analysis results show that the joint participation of wind power and electric heating in the power market can effectively “cut valley and fill peak” and promote wind power consumption. The benefit analysis theory proposed in this paper provides guidance for the research of joint operation scheduling optimization model.
Assessment of the External Insulation Performance of Post Insulator in Rain: A Review
Authors: Qiao Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the surface discharge of polluted post insulators in rain which affects HVDC transmission has brought great influence to the national economy and people’s daily life. In order to improve the strength of the external insulation of HVDC converter stations, this paper mainly focus on the environmental characteristics and areal rainfall of UHV power stations, analyzes the influence of experimental factors (sample treatment mode, rain-drenching mode, pressurization mode and insulation material) on the discharge behavior of post insulators in rain flash experiment, summarizes the relevant standards in the rain flash experiment of large-scals post insulators. The results showed that the effects of different contamination methods on rain flashover are not different, among which spraying method can improve the experimental efficiency, and the quantitative brushing method can reach the specified ash density and salt density more easily; The number and length of water column of composite insulators are lower than that of porcelain insulators, and the number of water droplets between large sheds and the number of water droplets on the edge of large sheds are higher than that of porcelain insulators.
Research progress of high performance cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Xiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lithium-sulfur battery is supposed to be a key for the next generation of energy storage devices due to its advantages of high energy density, high theoretical specific capacity, low cost and environmental friendliness, and has attracted extensive attention from researchers. However, the intermediate products of lithium-sulfur batteries are easily dissolved in the electrolyte to produce shuttle effect. In addition, there is volume expansion, low inherent conductivity, slow dynamics and other factors, which limit its commercial application. This paper describes the working principle of lithium-sulfur batteries, reviews the current research status of lithium-sulfur battery cathode materials, analyzes the existing problems of lithium-sulfur batteries, summarizes the improvement methods of cathode materials, and prospects the future development direction of lithium-sulfur batteries.
Prospects of Air Conditioning Condensate Recovery and Utilization Technology
Authors: NanNan Li , Li Jie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As an excellent indoor environment conditioning equipment, air conditioners have been used on a large scale since they were listed. However, with the popularization of air conditioners, many discharged condensed water has caused many problems such as waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is imperative to recover and use condensed water. Generally speaking, air or atmosphere is humid air, mainly composed of dry air and water vapor. This paper introduces the feasibility of recycling air-conditioning condensate water as irrigation and green water through theoretical research and analysis. Based on the formation process of condensate, through theoretical analysis and calculation, it is concluded that condensate has the three characteristics of higher water quality, lower temperature and considerable water volume. The advantages of the two condensate recovery technologies of open recovery and closed recovery are dialectically analyzed. Disadvantages, the primary utilization method of condensate water “as a water resource” is systematically explained. A particular scientific outlook is made for the future recycling and utilization technology of air-conditioning condensate water.
Research of New Pollutant Microplastics in Soil
Authors: Yan Li , Peng Wang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microplastic pollution is one of the key new pollutants to be controlled in ecological environment protection. This article describes in detail the abundance and distribution of microplastics in the soil, their sources and access routes. It focuses on the analysis of the accumulation, migration, and degradation of microplastics in the soil, as well as the interaction with metal and organic pollutants and their environmental effects; expounds the impact of microplastics on soil organisms and soil quality and ecological risks and discuss the exposure pathways and potential human health risks of microplastics in the soil are discussed. Finally, the future direction and focus of the research on microplastics in the soil environment are prospected. It is expected to provide information and scientific guidance for a comprehensive understanding of the present and future of soil environmental microplastics research.
Discrete Element Modelling of the dynamics of a Self-Rotating Object in dense Granular Media
Authors: Liu Ping , Zou Xuan , zhou Jingyuan , Tang Wenhui , Ran Xianwen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Many reptiles can move significant distances through sand or many seeds drill out soil during germination by rotating their bodies. Inspired by the biological behaviour and challenged by the absence of physical mechanism for the locomotion in granular materials, we developed a numerical study of a self-excited spherical intruder in a granular bed under gravity, using discrete element method. In simulation, the intruder was rotated around x-axis with different friction coefficient μ and rotation angular velocity ω. We find that the space motion of intruder is sensitive to these two parameters. It moves farther in the Z+ direction with the increase of μ and ω. and there emerges opposite movement in the Y direction with the change of ω. We analysed the physical mechanisms governing these motions and proposed two qualitative theory: the tangential force raises with the increase of ω. which causes the intruder to lift faster; the competition mechanism between friction effect and squeezing effect leads to the motion differentiation of intruder in the Y direction. These results of this study pave the way for the design of an efficient bio-inspired robot moving within seabed or desert according to this mode of locomotion.