bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MDP SPECT/CT Demonstration of Baastrup Disease
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Huipan , Zhang Wei , Chen Yue 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report the MDP SPECT/CT findings of Baastrup disease in the interspinal region of L4 to L5 in a 76-year-old woman with a history of lung cancer. Baastrup disease, also known as “kissing” spine, is characterized by close contact of adjacent spinous processes with resultant enlargement, flattening, and reactive sclerosis of apposing interspinous surfaces. Knowledge regarding the appearance of Baastrup disease on 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT is important to distinguish it from spinal bone metastasis.
Long-term pulmonary function, thoracic pain, and quality of life in patients with one or more rib fractures
Authors: Prins Jonne T.H. , Van Lieshout Esther M.M. , Overtoom Hidde C.G. , Tekin Yusuf S. , Verhofstad Michael H.J. , Wijffels Mathieu M.E. 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND
Long-term outcomes after rib fractures and the effect of treatment modality or chest wall injury severity on these outcomes remains uncertain. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the long-term pulmonary function, thoracic pain, and quality of life in patients admitted with rib fractures.

METHODS
Patients admitted with rib fractures between January 1, 2012, and December 1, 2019, were included. Data on long-term outcomes were collected during one follow-up visit. Patients were stratified by chest wall injury severity (one or two rib fractures, ≥3 rib fractures, or a flail chest) and treatment modality (surgical stabilization of rib fractures [SSRF] or nonoperative management). Multivariable analysis was performed to compare outcomes after SSRF with nonoperative treatment in patients with three or more rib fractures.

RESULTS
In total, 300 patients were included. The median follow-up was 39 months (P25–P75, 18–65 months). At follow-up, the corrected forced vital capacity returned to 84.7% (P25–P75, 74.3–93.7) and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second to 86.3% (P25–P75, 75.3–97.0) of the predicted reference values. Quality of life was determined using the Short Form-12 version 2 and EuroQoL-5D-5L. The Short Form-12 version 2 physical and mental component summary were 45 (P25-P75, 38–54) and 53 (P25-P75, 43–60), respectively. The EuroQoL-5D-5L utility score was 0.82 (P25–P75 0.66–0.92) and visual analog scale score 75 (P25–P75 70–85). This indicated a quality of life within normal population ranges. Moderate to severe thoracic pain was reported by 64 (21.3%) patients. Long-term outcomes returned to values within population ranges and were similar across chest wall injury severity and for patients treated with SSRF or nonoperatively.

CONCLUSION
While long-term pulmonary function and quality of life recover to values considered normal, subjective thoracic complaints, such as pain and dyspnea, remain frequently present following rib fractures. No effect of chest wall injury severity or treatment modality on long-term outcomes was demonstrated.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level III
Taylor White's ‘paper museum’
Authors: Dickenson Victoria , Garland Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

For almost 40 years, the British jurist and Fellow of the Royal Society Taylor White (1701–1772) actively engaged in commissioning artists to paint plants and animals for his ‘paper museum’. White amassed a collection of almost 1000 drawings of birds, mammals, fish, amphibians and reptiles, acquired by McGill University in 1927. His first recorded purchase was a watercolour by George Edwards (1694–1773). He also acquired works from Eleazar Albin (
fl.
1690–
ca
1742) and Jacob van Huysum (
ca
1687–1740), but the majority of the watercolours were painted by two artists, Charles Collins (
ca
1680–1744) and Peter Paillou (
ca
1712–1782). In 2018 a research group at McGill University Library received funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for the project ‘Undescrib'd: Taylor White's paper museum’. The project produced a complete catalogue of the White collection, including attribution of all unsigned works, and digitized all paintings and notes. This paper documents the process surrounding the original creation of the collection, reviewing the careers of the artists and White's relationship with them, the value of the commissions and the challenges of painting natural history subjects. It also describes the mechanics of painting, including pigments, papers used and artists' techniques.
Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific and heterologous immune responses after natural infection in elderly residents of Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Tut Gokhan , Lancaster Tara , Butler Megan S. , Sylla Panagiota , Spalkova Eliska , Bone David , Kaur Nayandeep , Bentley Christopher , Amin Umayr , Jadir Azar T. , Hulme Samuel , Ayodel Morenike , Dowell Alexander C. , Pearce Hayden , Margielewska-Davies Sandra , Verma Kriti , Nicol Samantha , Begum Jusnara , Blakeway D. , Jinks Elizabeth , Tut Elif , Bruton Rachel , Krutikov Maria , Shrotri Madhumita , Giddings Rebecca , Azmi Borscha , Fuller Chris , Irwin-Singer Aidan , Hayward Andrew , Copas Andrew , Shallcross Laura , Moss Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong term care facilities (LTCF) provide residential and/or nursing care support for frail and elderly people and many have suffered from a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although mortality rates have been high in LTCF residents there is little information regarding the features of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity after infection in this setting or how this may influence immunity to other infections. We studied humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in 152 LTCF staff and 124 residents over a prospective 4-month period shortly after the first wave of infection and related viral serostatus to heterologous immunity to other respiratory viruses and systemic inflammatory markers. LTCF residents developed high levels of antibodies against spike protein and RBD domain which were stable over 4 months of follow up. Nucleocapsid-specific responses were also elevated in elderly donors but showed waning across all populations. Antibodies showed stable and equivalent levels of functional inhibition against spike-ACE2 binding in all age groups with comparable activity against viral variants of concern. SARS-CoV-2 seropositive donors showed high levels of antibodies to other beta-coronaviruses but serostatus did not impact humoral immunity to influenza or RSV. SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular responses were equivalent across the life course but virus-specific populations showed elevated levels of activation in older donors. LTCF residents who are survivors of SARS-CoV-2 infection thus show robust and stable immunity which does not impact responses to other seasonal viruses. These findings augur well for relative protection of LTCF residents to re-infection. Furthermore, they underlie the potent influence of previous infection on the immune response to Covid-19 vaccine which may prove to be an important determinant of future vaccine strategy.One sentence summeryCare home residents show waning of nucleocapsid specific antibodies and enhanced expression of activation markers on SARS-CoV-2 specific cells
Adjusting for time of infection or positive test when estimating the risk of a post-infection outcome in an epidemic
Authors: Seaman Shaun R. , Nyberg Tommy , Overton Christopher E. , Pascall David , Presanis Anne M. , De Angelis Daniela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhen comparing the risk of a post-infection binary outcome, e.g. hospitalisation, for two variants of an infectious pathogen, it is important to adjust for calendar time of infection to avoid the confounding that would occur if the relative incidence of the two variants and the variant-specific risks of the outcome both change over time. Infection time is typically unknown and time of positive test used instead. Likewise, time of positive test may be used instead of infection time when assessing how the risk of the binary outcome changes over calendar time. Here we show that if mean time from infection to positive test is correlated with the outcome, the risk conditional on positive test time depends on whether incidence of infection is increasing or decreasing over calendar time. This complicates interpretation of risk ratios adjusted for positive test time. We also propose a simple sensitivity analysis that indicates how these risk ratios may differ from the risk ratios adjusted for infection time.
A second dramatic rise in seroprevalence rates of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among adult healthy blood donors in Jordan; have we achieved herd immunity?
Authors: Sughayer Maher A. , Mansour Asem , Nuirat Abeer Al , Souan Lina , Abdel-Razeq Rashid , Siag Mahmoud 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the impact of the second wave of COVID-19 and the vaccination campaign on the seroprevalence rates of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthy blood donors in Jordan.MethodsSera from 536 healthy adult blood donors collected in June -2021 were tested using a commercially available quantitative assay for the total antibodies including IgG against the spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2.Results399 (74.4%) of the donors tested positive for the antibodies of whom 69 (17.3%) were confirmed to have been previously infected, 245(61.4%) have received at least one dose of the vaccine and 123(30.8%) were neither diagnosed nor vaccinated. The seropositive donors were significantly more likely to have been vaccinated or previously infected.ConclusionThe crude seroprevalence rate of 74.4% among this group of healthy donors may be encouraging in terms of approaching herd immunity, however with predominance of the delta variant and the uncertainty regarding the required level of herd immunity this goal appears to be far from full achievement in Jordan.
Longitudinal changes in age and race of patients with SARS-CoV-2 in a multi-hospital health system
Authors: Barbash Ian J. , Harrison Lee H. , Jacobs Jana L. , Shah Faraaz Ali , Suber Tomeka L. , Quinn Kevin L. , Marroquin Oscar C. , Gladwin Mark T. , Sackrowitz Rachel E. , Morris Alison 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect the United States and the world. Media reports have suggested that the wave of the alpha variant in the Spring of 2021 in the US caused more cases among younger patients and racial and ethnic subgroups.ApproachWe analyzed electronic health record data from a multihospital health system to test whether younger patients accounted for more cases and more severe disease, and whether racial disparities are widening. We compared demographics, patient characteristics, and hospitalization variables for patients admitted from November 2020 through January 2021 to those admitted in March and April 2021.ResultsWe analyzed data for 37, 502 unique inpatients and outpatients at 21 hospitals from November 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. Compared to patients from November through January, those with positive tests in March and April were younger and less likely to die. Among patients under age 50, those with positive tests in March and April were three times as likely to be hospitalized and twice as likely to require ICU admission or mechanical ventilation. Individuals identified as Black represented a greater proportion of cases and hospitalizations in March and April as compared to November through January.ConclusionsWe found that relative COVID-19 hospitalization rates for younger individuals and individuals identified as Black were rising over time. These findings have important implications for ongoing public health measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of Intravascular Temperature Management after cardiac arrest in England
Authors: Yaghoubi Mohsen , Javanbakht Mehdi , Mashayekhi Atefeh , Hemami Mohsen Rezaei , Branagan-Harris Michael , Keeble Thomas R 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is recognized that Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) can improve neurological outcomes and survival in patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest, the cost-effectiveness of multiple methods of TTM is still uncertain.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Intravascular Temperature Management (IVTM) through Thermogard XP in targeted temperature management compared to surface cooling method after cardiac arrest in England.MethodsWe developed a multi-state Markov model that compared intravascular temperature management through Thermogard XP and the surface cooling method through two different devices including Blanketrol III and Arctic Sun 5000, over a short-term and lifetime horizon. Model input parameters were obtained from the literature and local databases. We assumed hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients who need TTM after cardiac arrest per year in England. The outcomes were costs (in 2019 £) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), discounted at 3.5% annually. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were undertaken to examine the effect of alternative assumptions and uncertainty in model parameters on the results.ResultsIn a simulated cohort of 1,000 patients who need TTM, the Thermogard XP resulted in direct cost savings of £2,339 and £2,925 (per patient) when compared with Blanketrol III and Arctic Sun 5000 respectively, and a gain of 0.98 QALYs over the patient lifetime. Total cost saving considering cohort of 1,000 patients is £2,339,479 and £ 2,925,109 when using IVTM through Thermogard XP compared with Blanketrol III and Arctic Sun 5000 respectively in life-time horizon. Results were robust against alternative assumptions, changes in values of input parameters, and alternative time horizons.ConclusionImplementation of intravascular temperature management using Thermogard XP can lead to cost-savings and improvement in patients’ quality of life versus surface cooling methods.
The Impact of COVID-19 Testing on College Campuses*
Authors: Yu Zhuoting , Fujimoto Akane B. , Keskinocak Pinar , Swann Julie L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter moving instruction online for more than a year, many colleges and universities are preparing to reopen and offering fully in-person classes for the Fall 2021 semester. In this paper, we study the impact of weekly testing protocols on college campuses.MethodsAn extended susceptible–infectious–removed (SIR) compartmental model was used to simulate COVID-19 spread on a college campus setting. Seven scenarios were evaluated which considered polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid antigen testing kits available at various levels of supply. The infection attack rate (IAR), the number of infections, and the number of tests utilized by the end of the simulation semester are reported and compared.ResultsWeekly testing significantly reduces the number of infections compared to when testing is not available. The use of PCR tests results in the lowest infection attack rate and the total number of cases; however, using rapid antigen tests with higher coverage is more effective than using PCR tests with lower coverage.ConclusionsThe implementation of COVID-19 testing protocols should be considered and evaluated as using testing allows for identification and isolation of cases which reduces the spread of COVID-19 on college campuses. Even if testing capacity is limited, its partial implementation can be beneficial.
Fitness effects of CTX-M-15-encoding IncF plasmids on their native Escherichia coli ST131 H30Rx hosts
Authors: Palkovicova Jana , Kutilova Iva , DelaFuente Javier , Valcek Adam , Medvecky Matej , Jamborova Ivana , Bitar Ibrahim , Phan Minh Duy , Millan Alvaro San , Dolejska Monika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate effects of large CTX-M-15-encoding IncF plasmids on the fitness of their native E. coli ST131 H30Rx hosts in order to understand possible plasmid-host coevolution.MethodsWe selected five E. coli ST131 H30Rx strains of diverse origin, each carrying a multireplicon IncF plasmid encoding the gene blaCTX-M-15. The plasmid was eliminated from each isolate by displacement using an incompatible plasmid vector pMDP5_cureEC958. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to obtain complete chromosome and plasmid sequences of wild-type isolates and to detect chromosomal mutations in plasmid-free strains. Competition assays were conducted to determine the relative fitness of plasmid-free clones compared to the corresponding wild-type isolates.ResultsWe were able to successfully eliminate the IncF plasmids from all of the wild-type strains using the curing vector pMDP5_cureEC958. The chromosomes of plasmid-free clones contained zero to six point mutations. Plasmid-free strains of three isolates showed no significant difference in relative fitness compared to the corresponding plasmid-free strains. In the two remaining isolates, the plasmids produced a small but significant fitness cost.ConclusionWe conclude that IncF plasmids produce moderate fitness effects in their E. coli ST131 H30Rx hosts. This fitness compatibility is likely to promote the maintenance of antibiotic resistance in this worrisome E. coli lineage.
In Vivo Multi-Day Calcium Imaging of CA1 Hippocampus in Freely Moving Rats Reveals a High Preponderance of Place Cells with Consistent Place Fields
Authors: Wirtshafter Hannah S , Disterhoft John F 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCalcium imaging using GCaMP indicators and miniature microscopes has been used to image cellular populations during long timescales and in different task phases, as well as to determine neuronal circuit topology and organization. Because the hippocampus (HPC) is essential for tasks of memory, spatial navigation, and learning, calcium imaging of large populations of HPC neurons can provide new insight on cell changes over time during these tasks. All reported HPC in vivo calcium imaging experiments have been done in mouse. However, rats have many behavioral and physiological experimental advantages over mice. In this paper, we present the first (to our knowledge) in vivo calcium imaging from CA1 hippocampus in freely moving male rats. Using the UCLA Miniscope, we demonstrate that, in rat, hundreds of cells can be visualized and held across weeks. We show that calcium events in these cells are highly correlated with periods of movement, with few calcium events occurring during periods without movement. We additionally show that an extremely large percent of cells recorded during a navigational task are place cells (77.3±5.0%, surpassing the percent seen during mouse calcium imaging), and that these cells enable accurate decoding of animal position and can be held over days with consistent place fields in a consistent spatial map. A detailed protocol is included, and implications of these advancements on in vivo imaging and place field literature are discussed.Significance statementIn vivo calcium imaging in freely moving animals allows the visualization of cellular activity across days. In this paper, we present the first in vivo Ca2+ recording from CA1 hippocampus in freely moving rats. We demonstrate that hundreds of cells can be visualized and held across weeks, and that calcium activity corresponds to periods of movement. We show that a high percentage (77.3±5.0%) of imaged cells are place cells, and that these place cells enable accurate decoding and can be held stably over days with little change in field location. Because the hippocampus is essential for many tasks involving memory, navigation, and learning, imaging of large populations of HPC neurons can shed new insight on cellular activity changes and organization.
Distinct neural circuits establish the same chemosensory behavior in C. elegans
Authors: Banerjee Navonil , Shih Pei-Yin , Rojas Palato Elisa J. , Sternberg Paul W. , Hallem Elissa A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnimals frequently exhibit the same behavior under different environmental or physiological conditions. To what extent these behaviors are generated by similar vs. distinct mechanisms is unclear. Moreover, the circumstances under which divergent neural mechanisms establish the same behavior, and the molecular signals that regulate the same behavior across conditions, are poorly understood. We show that in C. elegans, distinct neural mechanisms mediate the same chemosensory behavior at two different life stages. Both dauer larvae and starved adults are attracted to carbon dioxide (CO2), but CO2 attraction is mediated by distinct sets of interneurons at the two life stages. Some interneurons mediate CO2 response only in dauers, some show CO2-evoked activity in adults and dauers but contribute to CO2 response only in adults, and some show CO2-evoked activity that opposes CO2 attraction in adults but promotes CO2 attraction in dauers. We also identify a novel role for insulin signaling in establishing life-stage-specific CO2 responses by modulating interneuron activity. Further, we show that a combinatorial code of both shared and life-stage-specific molecular signals regulate CO2 attraction. Our results identify a mechanism by which the same chemosensory behavior can be generated by distinct neural circuits, revealing an unexpected complexity to chemosensory processing.
Targeting interferon-λ signaling promotes recovery from central nervous system autoimmunity
Authors: Manivasagam Sindhu , Williams Jessica L. , Vollmer Lauren L. , Bollman Bryan , Bartleson Juliet M. , Ai Shenjian , Wu Gregory F. , Klein Robyn S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractType III interferons (IFNLs) are newly discovered cytokines, acting at epithelial and other barriers, that exert immunomodulatory functions in addition to their primary roles in antiviral defense. Here we define a role for IFNLs in maintaining autoreactive T cell effector function and limiting recovery in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Genetic or antibody-based neutralization of the IFNL receptor (IFNLR) resulted in lack of disease maintenance during EAE, with loss of CNS Th1 effector responses and limited axonal injury. Phenotypic effects of IFNLR signaling were traced to increased antigen presenting cell (APC) function, with associated increase in T cell production of IFNγ and GM-CSF. Consistent with this, IFNL levels within lesions of CNS tissues derived from MS patients were elevated compared to MS normal appearing white matter (NAWM). Furthermore, expression of IFNLR was selectively elevated in MS active lesions compared to inactive lesions or NAWM. These findings suggest IFNL signaling as a potential therapeutic target to prevent chronic autoimmune neuroinflammation.