bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wastewater‐recovered struvite effects on total extractable phosphorus compared with other phosphorus sources
Authors: Anderson Ryder , Brye Kristofor R. , Greenlee Lauren , Roberts Trent L. , Gbur Edward 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntentional precipitation of the phosphorus (P)‐containing mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) is an attractive option in sustainable water management due to the ability to recover P from various waste sources. Limited research has assessed struvite's potential as a fertilizer P source in agronomic soils compared with other conventional fertilizer P sources under flooded soil conditions, common for lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate total extractable soil P over time from a wastewater‐recovered struvite (ST) material in a plant‐less soil incubation with two silt‐loam (SiL) and a silty clay loam (SiCL) soil in a flooded soil environment compared to monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP). Replicated soil cups were amended at a rate of 24.5 kg P ha–1 and were sampled after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mo. Total water‐soluble (WS) soil P concentrations increased the most from the initial in the ST treatment (69.9 and 52.2 mg kg–1 after 0.5 and 1 mo, respectively) than in any other treatment in the first month. However, throughout the remaining 3 mo of incubation, total WS soil P concentrations generally decreased, but remained greater than the initial, and were similar among fertilizer treatments. Averaged over time, total Mehlich‐3 (M3) soil P concentrations in all three soils increased the most from the initial in the ST treatment (66.6, 71.3, and 74.5 mg kg–1, respectively), which did not differ from MAP and TSP. The comparable total WS‐P and M3‐P concentrations among fertilizers under flooded soil conditions further support struvite's agronomic potential as an alternative fertilizer P source.
Measurements of High Oleic Purity in Peanut Lots Using Rapid, Single Kernel Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Davis Brittany I. , Agraz Catherine B. , Kline Mark , Gottschall Emma , Nolt Michael , Whitaker Thomas B. , Osborne Jason A. , Tengstrand Erik , Ostrowski Kamil , Teixeira Rita , Davis Jack P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh oleic peanuts have improved shelf life vs. conventional peanuts. Purity (percentage of high oleic peanuts within a lot) is critical to ingredient performance and final lot value. Contamination can result from unintentional mix‐ups at the breeder/seed level, improper production handling, or due to physiologically immature high oleic kernels. Therefore, industry groups have established unofficial sampling plans to monitor purity. Assuming equivalent measurement performance and simple random sampling, increasing the sample size decreases variance among replicated sample test results and increases the precision of estimated lot purity. A novel instrument (QSorter Explorer by QualySense AG) using near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy was evaluated for high speed (20 kernels per second) high oleic purity measurements. The study objectives were to assess instrument performance in: (1) measuring oleic acid (%) in runner peanuts and (2) estimating the true high oleic purity of artificially mixed peanut lots. Three grades (Jumbo, Medium, and No 1) of US Runner mini‐lots each at seven different contamination levels (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%) were prepared. Oleic acid (%) of individual kernels was measured by scanning replicated samples of 10, 50, 100, and 500 kernels using the QSorter Explorer. The variance associated with each sample size and lot contamination level on returned purity values is discussed in the context of binomial sampling. Overall, the demonstrated measurement performance and capacity of the QSorter Explorer to process much larger sample sizes suggest this instrument can better identify true high oleic peanut lot purity vs. other currently available technologies.
Influences of nanoparticle content on electrical and thermal performances of micro‐nano hybrid composites for packaging materials
Authors: Dai Chao , Chen Xiangrong , Meng Fanbo , Jiang Tie , Paramane Ashish , Tanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents electrical and thermal properties of a novel type of micro‐nano hybrid composites to be potential for packaging. The micro‐nano hybrid composites contain 20 wt% of micro‐aluminium nitride (AlN) with 1, 3, and 5 wt% of nano‐AlN, respectively. Electrical measurement and thermal analysis are used to analyze the performances. The results show that the nano‐AlN in the hybrid composites can suppress the space charge accumulation near the cathode and facilitate the conversion of hetero charge into the homo‐charge accumulations near the anode. No apparent electric field distortion can be observed in the M20N3 sample, whereas it exhibits a minimum electrical conductivity and highest thermal conductivity amongst all samples. Furthermore, the nano‐filler addition can enhance the DC breakdown strength and the thermal stability of the hybrid composites. The thermal and electrical conduction mechanism of the micro and nano fillers in the hybrid composites is also elucidated.
3D‐printed wood‐polylactic acid‐thermoplastic starch composites: Performance features in relation to biodegradation treatment
Authors: Lee Danbee , Sun Yufeng , Youe Won‐Jae , Gwon Jaegyoung , Cheng Huai N. , Wu Qinglin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn view of the current public concern about microplastics, biodegradability of 3D‐printed polymeric materials is an important issue. In this work, we studied the effects of soil‐burial biodegradation treatment on wood‐polylactic acid (PLA) blends with three different thermoplastic starch (TPS) contents (i.e., 0, 10, and 20 wt%). The wood‐PLA‐TPS composites were 3D‐printed through the fused deposition modeling technique. The use of TPS led to reduced mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites. Biodeterioration of the composites was clearly observed for the composite with high TPS content after the soil burial test. Thermal decomposition temperature, activation energy, and degree of crystallinity of biodegradation treated composites increased for composites with higher TPS content. The observed behavior was due to decomposed TPS and wood in the composites from biodegradation treatment, resulting in increase in the relative PLA content level. Also, the weight loss percentage of composites increased from 3.2% to 18.5% after the soil burial test as the TPS content in the composites increased from 0 to 20 wt%. The presence of TPS and wood helped improve the biodegradation of the 3D printed PLA composites, while PLA itself is not easily bio‐degraded.
Mechanically improved superhydrophobic nanofibrous polystyrene/high‐impact polystyrene membranes for promising membrane distillation application
Authors: Niknejad Ali Sallakh , Bazgir Saeed , Kargari Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRobust membranes for commercial applications of membrane distillation (MD) are nearly the Achilles ankle of the process. Despite from high hydrophobicity requirements of the MD membranes, they must have enough mechanical and thermal stabilities. In this regard, flexible, superhydrophobic, and high‐productive nanofibrous membranes were fabricated using mixed dope solutions made of polystyrene (PS) and high‐impact PS (HIPS) through the electroblowing process. Although the PS nanofibers can be designed to have hierarchically rough surfaces to show superhydrophobicity, the inherent brittleness of this polymer still remains a big issue for practical application for a longer period of time. Upon adding HIPS into the PS‐containing dope solution, the rigid PS membrane turned into a more flexible one with improved elongation at break from 5.83% to 14.89%. Also, excellent direct contact membrane distillation performance was achieved using high saline (up to 150 g/L) and 0.1 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate/35 g/L NaCl feed solutions during 96 and 24 h, respectively. Superhydrophobicity (˃160°) and high LEP value (up to 173.2 kPa) gifted membranes with outstanding wetting resistance. Our proposed procedure can pave the route for the facile fabrication of robust MD membranes using cost‐effective materials and a high‐throughput fabrication process.
Circular economy and sustainability: The role of organizational behaviour in the transition journey
Authors: Bertassini Ana Carolina , Ometto Aldo Roberto , Severengiz Semih , Gerolamo Mateus Cecilio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImplementing circular economy (CE) requires complex and dynamic changes in technical and behavioural aspects. Few studies spend efforts to understand the organizational behavioural side of CE transition. Thus, this study proposes a theoretical framework that addresses the requirements for the transition towards CE from the organizational perspective. We conducted a systematic review aiming to identify the relations between CE and organizational culture. As a result, we developed a theoretical framework composed of five building blocks (mindsets, values, behaviours, capabilities and competences) that guide the transition towards a CE‐oriented culture aiming to achieve sustainability in business. We also identified several gaps for future researches. We concluded that the framework could enrich the literature discussion in the field and be used by practitioners for the identification of paths to implement CE from the organizational culture perspective. In addition, the use of this framework could lead to the achievement of the sustainable development.
Reaction Network Analysis of the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Dimethoxymethane
Authors: Leopold Max , Siebert Max , Siegle Alexander F. , Trapp Oliver 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to the growing interest in dimethoxymethane (DMM) as formaldehyde synthon and fuel additive, new and more efficient routes toward the formaldehyde analog are being investigated. One approach is the reductive transformation of carbon dioxide using a ruthenium phosphine catalyst and a Lewis acid additive in methanol. In the present work, we investigated the underlying reaction network, consisting of several intermediates, equilibria and side products, through in situ IR spectroscopy. We determined rate constants and activation parameters for the hydrogenation steps. Their temperature‐dependent differences can be used to influence the product selectivity in this catalysis. To favor DMM formation, the acetalization equilibrium and especially the amount of water formed were identified as promising optimization opportunities. Simulation of concentration profiles on the basis of the proposed kinetic model enables the prediction of experimental product distributions for various reaction parameters, demonstrating the power of reaction network analysis for process optimization.
A Simple and Efficient Model to Determine the Photonic Parameters of a Photopolymerizable Resin Usable in 3D Printing
Authors: Champion Aymeric , Metral Boris , Schuller Anne‐Sophie , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Ley Christian , Halbardier Lucile , Allonas Xavier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study provides insight into the relationship between the photochemical reactivity and the photonic parameters of an acrylate formulation usable in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. First the photoreactivity of riboflavin tetrabutyrate (RFT) used as a non‐toxic photoinitiator is assessed by laser flash photolysis in the absence and in the presence of an amine as co‐initiator. RFT alone is able to photopolymerize the acrylate formulation at a rate which is drastically increased when the co‐initiator is added. Then, the depth of light penetration (Dp) and the critical energy (Ec) to form a polymer film were measured and compared to those determined from the Bouguer‐Lambert‐Beer law for Dp and from the Stockmayer equation and photopolymerization experiments for Ec. A new proposed model is able to predict the in‐depth acrylate conversion within a printed part with a relatively low input of experimental parameters. Confocal Raman microscopy is used to discuss the effect of the photobleaching of RFT in the absence of co‐initiator on the photopolymerized films. Finally, it is shown that this formulation performs quite well for 3D printing with a resolution close to the best performance of the DLP printer.
Similarity Calculation, Enrichment Analysis, and Ontology Visualization of Biomedical Ontologies using UFO
Authors: Nguyen Quang‐Huy , Le Duc‐Hau 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe rapid growth of biomedical ontologies observed in recent years has been reported to be useful in various applications. In this article, we propose two main‐function protocols—term‐related and entity‐related—with the three most common ontology analyses, including similarity calculation, enrichment analysis, and ontology visualization, which can be done by separate methods. Many previously developed tools implementing those methods run on different platforms and implement a limited number of the methods for similarity calculation and enrichment analysis tools for a specific type of biomedical ontology, although any type can be acceptable. Moreover, depending on each application, methods have distinct advantages; thus, the greater the number of methods a tool has, the better decisions that users make. The protocol here implements all the analyses above using an advanced popular tool called UFO. UFO is a Cytoscape app that unifies most of the semantic similarity measures for between‐term and between‐entity similarity calculation for biomedical ontologies in OBO format, which can calculate the similarity between two sets of entities and weigh imported entity networks, as well as generate functional similarity networks. The complete protocol can be performed in 30 min and is designed for use by biologists with no prior bioinformatics training. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 27 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol: Running UFO using a list of input Gene Ontology, Disease Ontology, or Human Phenotype Ontology data
Can optimizing seeding rate and planting density alleviate the yield loss of double‐season rice caused by prolonged seedling age?
Authors: Huang Liying , Wang Fei , Liu Yi , Tian Xiaohai , Zhang Yunbo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProlonged seedling age (PS) caused by delayed transplanting frequently occurs in double‐season rice (Oryza sativa L.), leading to a significant grain yield loss. However, it is not clear whether optimizing the seeding rate in the nursery and planting density in the field could compensate for this yield loss. Field experiments with two seedling age, two planting density, and two seeding rate treatments were conducted in the early and late growing seasons of 2013 and 2014 in Wuxue County, Hubei Province, China. Increasing the planting density significantly increased grain yield but couldn't completely alleviate the negative effect of PS on grain yield in both early and late growing seasons. Reducing the seeding rate in the nursery significantly increased the grain yield in both seedling age treatments in the late season with an average of 4.4% across treatments and years. There was a significant interaction effect between seedling age and seeding rate on grain yield in the early season, suggesting that yield loss could be significantly mitigated by reducing seeding rate. In conclusion, optimizing seeding rate and planting density could partially compensate for the yield loss caused by PS.
In ovo electroporation of chicken limb bud ectoderm
Authors: Tomizawa Reiko Rachel , Tabin Clifford James , Atsuta Yuji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeciphering how ectodermal tissues form, and how they maintain their integrity, is crucial for understanding epidermal development and pathogenesis. However, lack of simple and rapid gene manipulation techniques limits genetic studies to elucidate mechanisms underlying these events.ResultsHere we describe an easy method for electroporation of chick limb bud ectoderm enabling gene manipulation during ectoderm development and wound healing. Taking advantage of a small parafilm well that constrains DNA plasmids locally and the fact that the limb ectoderm arises from a defined site, we target the limb ectoderm forming region by in ovo electroporation. This approach results in focal and efficient transgenesis of the limb ectodermal cells. Further, using a previously described Msx2 promoter, gene manipulation can be specifically targeted to the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a signaling center regulating limb development. Using the electroporation technique to deliver a fluorescent marker into the embryonic limb ectoderm, we show its utility in performing time‐lapse imaging during wound healing. This analysis revealed previously unrecognized dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and lamellipodia formation at the edges of the wound. We find that the lamellipodia formation requires activity of Rac1 GTPase, suggesting its necessity for wound closure.ConclusionOur method is simple and easy. Thus, it would permit high throughput tests for gene function during limb ectodermal development and wound healing.
Effects of ignoring survey design information for data reuse
Authors: Foster Scott D. , Vanhatalo Jarno , Trenkel Verena M. , Schulz Torsti , Lawrence Emma , Przeslawski Rachel , Hosack Geoffrey R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractData are currently being used, and reused, in ecological research at an unprecedented rate. To ensure appropriate reuse however, we need to ask the question: “Are aggregated databases currently providing the right information to enable effective and unbiased reuse?” We investigate this question, with a focus on designs that purposefully favor the selection of sampling locations (upweighting the probability of selection of some locations). These designs are common and examples are those designs that have uneven inclusion probabilities or are stratified. We perform a simulation experiment by creating data sets with progressively more uneven inclusion probabilities and examine the resulting estimates of the average number of individuals per unit area (density). The effect of ignoring the survey design can be profound, with biases of up to 250% in density estimates when naive analytical methods are used. This density estimation bias is not reduced by adding more data. Fortunately, the estimation bias can be mitigated by using an appropriate estimator or an appropriate model that incorporates the design information. These are only available however, when essential information about the survey design is available: the sample location selection process (e.g., inclusion probabilities), and/or covariates used in their specification. The results suggest that such information must be stored and served with the data to support meaningful inference and data reuse.
Chloral hydrate as an accelerant for the Weissler reaction
Authors: Pan Hsin‐Yu , Chen Nelson G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Weissler reaction, in which a potassium iodide aqueous solution is oxidized to produce triiodide ion, is a conventional means of quantifying ultrasound‐induced inertial cavitation. The reaction is commonly accelerated by saturating the solution with carbon tetrachloride, thereby increasing triiodide ion yields for any given ultrasound exposure. Chloral hydrate, being less toxic and easier to handle, is an alternative accelerant that was characterized. Observed triiodide ion levels were around 11–15% of that produced with carbon tetrachloride. Chloral hydrate was shown to be less susceptible to accelerant exhaustion for prolonged measurements. Spectrophotometric measurement of triiodide ion is typically performed through absorbance measurements at 350 nm; however, there is a separate absorption peak at 288 nm. Measurements at 288 nm were strongly correlated with 350 nm measurements. Due to the greater molar absorptivity at 288 nm, Weissler reaction measurements in the future may be preferably conducted at this alternative wavelength regardless of the means of acceleration.
Synthesis and characterization of potential impurities of Oxcarbazepine drug substance: An antiepileptic agent
Authors: Velugula Siva Rama Kasibabu , Reddy Aaramadaka Sunil Kumar , Misra Nimesh Chandra , Reddy Pindi Santhosh , Chavakula Ramadas , Guduri Anil Kumar , Douglas Sanasi Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOxcarbazepine is a drug substance used to treat epilepsy. During its bulk synthesis of various impurities formation will be observed. Herein we describe the formation, synthesis and characterization of four potential impurities, namely, N‐acetyl Oxcarbazepine, N‐formyl Oxcarbazepine, N‐carbamoyl Oxcarbazepine, and Oxcarbazepine dimer. These impurities are listed in several Pharmacopoeias and the control of these impurities below the threshold level is essential. Our study will be a guide for making these reference standards.
Surface temperature‐related variations in the East Asian summer monsoon during three warming stages
Authors: Huang Weizhi , Qiao Yunting , Jian Maoqiu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe global mean surface temperature has experienced different warming stages, but there is less work on discussion of the regional climate changes under the background of different global warming rates. This study investigated the surface temperature (ST)‐related trends in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and underlying mechanisms during three warming stages, with a view to develop a new understanding of the responses of the EASM to global warming. Based on the statistical method of piecewise linear regression (PLR) to ST anomaly time series, the ST variation process from 1958 to 2014 has been divided into three stages with different linear trends: 1958–1975 (hiatus), 1976–1997 (acceleration) and 1998–2014 (slowdown). During the first stage, accompanied by two anomalous lower‐level cyclones, a weakening trend of the southerly winds over eastern China is observed. The enhanced cyclone over the Yellow Sea, with local ST cooling, is associated with the CGT‐like (circumglobal teleconnection) pattern, while the other one over the Philippines can be attributed to the local sea surface temperature (SST) warming. The ST‐related anomalous EASM circulation exhibits an enhanced lower‐level anticyclone over the northern Philippine Sea during the second stage. The warming around Lake Baikal and the phase change of the East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) pattern can weaken upper‐level East Asian jet stream (EAJS) and then provide a favourable condition for the descent related to the lower‐level anticyclonic anomaly. As for the third stage, the anomalous ST and related EASM circulation both display a dipole pattern. Through influencing the meridional thermal contrast and distribution of convergence over East Asia (EA), the interaction between anomalous ST and EASM circulation may be the major mechanism that results in the increased (decreased) ST and enhanced barotropic anticyclone (cyclone) over southern (northern) EA.
A miniaturized wideband antenna using hybrid L/T‐shaped metasurface structure
Authors: Che Qizhou , Chen Dongxu , Che Wenquan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel miniaturized wideband antenna based on a hybrid L/T‐shaped metasurface structure is proposed, which is fed by an aperture coupling through a microstrip line. To realize the miniaturization of the metasurface antenna, the hybrid L/T‐shaped metasurface structure composed of several L‐shaped metal patches and T‐shaped metal patches is firstly presented. By placing the L‐ and T‐ shaped metal patches with an inverted arrangement, the capacitances caused by interdigital‐like capacitors can be introduced accordingly, which can decrease the resonance frequency and then realize obvious size reduction. The fabricated antenna prototype exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 44.0% (5.93 ~ 9.28 GHz) with reflection coefficient ≤ −10 dB and peak gain of 6.57 dBi within a compact radiation aperture size of 0.32λ0 × 0.39λ0.