bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic variation in the crocodylian vestibular system
Authors: Schwab Julia A. , Young Mark T. , Walsh Stig A. , Witmer Lawrence M. , Herrera Yanina , Brochu Christopher A. , Butler Ian B. , Brusatte Stephen L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCrocodylians today live in tropical to subtropical environments, occupying mostly shallow waters. Their body size changes drastically during ontogeny, as do their skull dimensions and bite forces, which are associated with changes in prey preferences. Endocranial neurosensory structures have also shown to change ontogenetically, but less is known about the vestibular system of the inner ear. Here we use 30 high‐resolution computed tomography (CT) scans and three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics to investigate the size and shape changes of crocodylian endosseous labyrinths throughout ontogeny, across four stages (hatchling, juvenile, subadult and adult). We find two major patterns of ontogenetic change. First, the labyrinth increases in size during ontogeny, with negative allometry in relation to skull size. Second, labyrinth shape changes significantly, with hatchlings having shorter semicircular canal radii, with thicker diameters and an overall dorsoventrally shorter labyrinth than those of more mature individuals. We argue that the modification of the labyrinth during crocodylian ontogeny is related to constraints imposed by skull growth, due to fundamental changes in the crocodylian braincase during ontogeny (e.g. verticalisation of the basicranium), rather than changes in locomotion, diet, or other biological functions or behaviours.
Cast away in the Adriatic: Low degree of parallel genetic differentiation in three‐spined sticklebacks
Authors: Dahms Carolin , Kemppainen Petri , Zanella Linda N. , Zanella Davor , Carosi Antonella , Merilä Juha , Momigliano Paolo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has repeatedly and independently adapted to freshwater habitats from standing genetic variation (SGV) following colonization from the sea. However, in the Mediterranean Sea G. aculeatus is believed to have gone extinct, and thus the spread of locally adapted alleles between different freshwater populations via the sea since then has been highly unlikely. This is expected to limit parallel evolution, that is the extent to which phylogenetically related alleles can be shared among independently colonized freshwater populations. Using whole genome and 2b‐RAD sequencing data, we compared levels of genetic differentiation and genetic parallelism of 15 Adriatic stickleback populations to 19 Pacific, Atlantic and Caspian populations, where gene flow between freshwater populations across extant marine populations is still possible. Our findings support previous studies suggesting that Adriatic populations are highly differentiated (average FST ≈ 0.45), of low genetic diversity and connectivity, and likely to stem from multiple independent colonizations during the Pleistocene. Linkage disequilibrium network analyses in combination with linear mixed models nevertheless revealed several parallel marine–freshwater differentiated genomic regions, although still not to the extent observed elsewhere in the world. We hypothesize that current levels of genetic parallelism in the Adriatic lineages are a relic of freshwater adaptation from SGV prior to the extinction of marine sticklebacks in the Mediterranean that has persisted despite substantial genetic drift experienced by the Adriatic stickleback isolates.
lncRsp1, a long noncoding RNA, influences Fgsp1 expression and sexual reproduction in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Wang Jie , Zeng Wenping , Cheng Jiasen , Xie Jiatao , Fu Yanping , Jiang Daohong , Lin Yang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression in many biological processes, but their biological functions remain largely unknown, especially in fungi. Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen that causes the destructive disease Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab disease on wheat and barley. In our previous RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) study, we discovered that lncRsp1 is an lncRNA that is located +99 bp upstream of a putative sugar transporter gene, Fgsp1, with the same transcription direction. Functional studies revealed that ΔlncRsp1 and ΔFgsp1 were normal in growth and conidiation but had defects in ascospore discharge and virulence on wheat coleoptiles. Moreover, lncRsp1 and Fgsp1 were shown to negatively regulate the expression of several deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis genes, TRI4, TRI5, TRI6, and TRI13, as well as DON production. Further analysis showed that the overexpression of lncRsp1 enhanced the ability of ascospore release and increased the mRNA expression level of the Fgsp1 gene, while lncRsp1‐silenced strains reduced ascospore discharge and inhibited Fgsp1 expression during the sexual reproduction stage. In addition, the lncRsp1 complementary strains lncRsp1‐LC‐1 and lncRsp1‐LC‐2 restored ascospore discharge to the level of the wild‐type strain PH‐1. Taken together, our results reveal the distinct and specific functions of lncRsp1 and Fgsp1 in F. graminearum and principally demonstrate that lncRsp1 can affect the release of ascospores by regulating the expression of Fgsp1.
Abjection and the weaponization of bodily excretions in forensic psychiatry settings: A poststructural reflection
Authors: Johansson Jim A. , Holmes Dave 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNurses working in forensic psychiatric settings face unique challenges in practice, where they take on a dual role of custody and caring. Patient resistance is widespread within these restrictive settings and can take many forms. Perhaps the most disturbing form of resistance entails a patient's weaponization of their bodily fluids, with nurses as their target. The tendency in assigning motive for this act is to relegate to the psychopathology of the patient. This paper will adopt a poststructuralist perspective to reexamine this phenomenon as an act of resistance through the lens of Kristeva's concept of abjection. Patients confined in these settings have little sense of control, and in resistance may resort to the only thing available: their bodily fluids. By weaponizing the abject, patients actively violate and permeate the physical and psychological boundaries of nurses—the very boundaries considered crucial to safe and professional forensic psychiatric nursing practice. By recognizing this phenomenon as an act of resistance to confinement and loss of control, nurses may reorient their approach to care in forensic psychiatric settings.
High‐resolution colonic manometry interobserver analysis trial
Authors: Pannemans Jasper , Vanuytsel Tim , Pauwels Ans , Rommel Nathalie , De Schepper Heiko , Lam Tze J. , Thys Alexander , Tack Jan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionColonic high‐resolution manometry (HRM) is a novel, not widely used diagnostic method used in the final workup of chronic constipation before surgery. Since its introduction, different motor patterns have been defined. However, it remains to be established whether these patterns are easily and reproducibly identified by different investigators.MethodsThe primary aim of this study was to determine agreement for motor pattern identification with HRM. To calculate the interobserver agreement (IOA), the Fleiss's kappa statistic for multiple observers was used. Seven participants analyzed 106 one‐min time frames, derived from five measurements in healthy volunteers and five in patients with chronic constipation. The time frames were chosen to show a variety and combination of motor patterns consisting of short antegrade, short retrograde, cyclic anterograde, cyclic retrograde, long antegrade, long retrograde, slow retrograde motor pattern, high‐amplitude propagating motor patterns, and pancolonic pressurizations. All of the measurements were performed with a solid‐state colonic HRM catheter, comprising 40 pressure sensors spaced 2.5 cm apart.ResultsA median of 10.25 h (range 6–20) were required to analyze all time frames. High‐amplitude propagating contractions achieved an almost perfect level of agreement (k = 0.91). Several motor patterns achieved substantial agreement; these included the short antegrade (k = 0.63), long antegrade (k = 0.68), cyclic retrograde (k = 0.70), slow retrograde motor pattern (k = 0.80), and abdominal pressure or movement artifacts (k = 0.67). Moderate agreement was found for short retrograde (k = 0.57), cyclic anterograde (k = 0.59), long retrograde motor patterns (k = 0.59) and simultaneous pressure waves (k = 0.59).ConclusionFor the majority of motor patterns, the overall IOA for colonic manometry was substantial or high. This high level of agreement supports the use of colonic manometry application in clinical and research settings. Harmonization has the potential to improve agreement for long anterograde motor patterns with high amplitudes and for mixed direction patterns.
Environmental Justice Modules: A Case Study Approach for Intermediate and Advanced German Learners
Authors: Brunow Beate , Krick‐Aigner Kirsten , Kuhn‐Brown Kerstin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSustainability and environmental justice are connected concepts; however, environmental justice serves as a foundation to an approach to sustainability that moves beyond conservation and preservation of resources for current and future generations to explore issues of equity in terms of access to resources and protection from environmental hazards. Examining environmental conditions for communities from an environmental justice lens uncovers disparities that suggest connections between lower socioeconomic status and exposure to environmental issues. This article addresses the need to integrate environmental justice across the German curriculum and demonstrates a case study approach for intermediate‐ and advanced‐level German classes. The first case study presents an Instagram job application for environmental justice projects in Berlin‐Neukölln, and the second case study deals with a blog about Schimmelwohnungen or apartments with mold in the city of Bremen. This article illustrates how case studies can be embedded in both a genre‐based approach and how case studies on environmental justice can be integrated in courses across the German curriculum.
Patients undergoing dialysis as a model for medical students’ longitudinal engagement with chronic illness: Patient perspectives
Authors: Koehler Nicole , Schmidt Erica , Roberts Matthew A , Martin Jenepher Ann 
Published: November 2021

Background: Medical students are predominantly exposed to patients with chronic conditions during acute episodes requiring hospitalisation. Consequently, this limits students’ opportunities to learn about continuity of patient care. Unlike hospitalised patients, patients undergoing haemodialysis attend dialysis clinics in ambulatory/outpatient settings multiple times per week over long time periods. Patients undergoing dialysis would be well placed to share their knowledge of their own chronic illness and their experience of patient-centred care. This study explored the willingness of patients undergoing haemodialysis to interact with the same medical student throughout the academic year. Methods: Twenty-seven patients undergoing dialysis at four dialysis units were interviewed.Results: Twenty-five patients indicated that they would be willing to regularly interact with students. Patients indicated that they would permit students to conduct a range of activities (e.g., taking a medical history). All 25 were willing to provide students with verbal feedback. Twelve were willing to provide written feedback. In terms of interacting with students, there were two predominant groups: 1) those who focus on the students’ needs and are prepared to interact with students frequently and over a long duration and 2) those who have had “enough” after a while and are prepared to interact with students over a shorter duration. Conclusions: Patients undergoing haemodialysis could provide students with opportunities to follow a patient’s journey, provided the length and frequency of the patient–student interaction is matched with patient preferences.
Comparison of Terrestrial and Lunar Time Scales by Giant Pulsar Impulses
Authors: Rodin A. E. , Oreshko V. V. , Fedorova V. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We have developed a model for the time delay of pulse arrival between stations on the Moon and Earth. Comparison of the lunar and terrestrial time scales is proposed to be carried out by comparing the arrival time moments of giant pulses from pulsars. A method for such a comparison has been developed based on the cross-correlation analysis of the received pulses. Using the example of giant pulses from the pulsar PSR 0531+21, we showed that the error of comparing scales in the case of a high signal-to-noise ratio reaches a sub-discrete level and, thus, is determined by the reception band of the recording equipment.
Long-term outcomes of administration of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide after posterior vitreous detachment during pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Liao Mengyu , Huang Yunli , Wang Jiaxing , Meng Xiangda , Liu Yuanyuan , Yu Jinguo , Yan Hua 
Published: November 2021

AimTo evaluate the long-term outcomes of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) administration after posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsA total of 189 eyes (152 patients) who underwent PPV for severe PDR were reviewed. Intravitreal injection of TA (IVTA) was administered during PPV in 118 eyes (PPV+IVTA group), and 71 eyes did not receive IVTA (PPV group). Immediately after PVD, when most of the vitreous and proliferative membranes were removed, 0.1 mL TA (40 mg/mL) was injected into the vitreous cavity in the PPV+IVTA group. All patients were followed-up for least 12 months. Visual outcomes and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups.ResultsIVTA was helpful for proliferative membrane peeling and haemostasis during PPV. In the PPV+IVTA group, best-corrected visual acuity had significantly improved and the intraocular pressure was controlled well during the follow-up. The incidence of early recurrent vitreous haemorrhage after PPV was significantly lower in the PPV+IVTA group (1.7%) than in the PPV group (9.9%) (p=0.028).ConclusionThe administration of IVTA after PVD during PPV can effectively improve the final visual outcomes and prevent postoperative complications in patients with severe PDR.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and return to play in junior competitive athletes: is systematic cardiac screening needed?
Authors: Cavigli Luna , Cillis Michele , Mochi Veronica , Frascaro Federica , Mochi Nicola , Hajdarevic Arnel , Roselli Alessandra , Capitani Massimo , Alvino Federico , Giovani Silvia , Lisi Corrado , Cappellini Maria Teresa , Colloca Rosa Anna , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Valente Serafina , Focardi Marta , Cameli Matteo , Bonifazi Marco , D'Ascenzi Flavio 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection might be associated with cardiac complications in low-risk populations, such as in competitive athletes. However, data obtained in adults cannot be directly transferred to preadolescents and adolescents who are less susceptible to adverse clinical outcomes and are often asymptomatic.ObjectivesWe conducted this prospective multicentre study to describe the incidence of cardiovascular complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort of junior athletes and to examine the effectiveness of a screening protocol for a safe return to play.MethodsJunior competitive athletes suffering from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent cardiac screening, including physical examination, 12-lead resting ECG, echocardiogram and exercise ECG testing. Further investigations were performed in cases of abnormal findings.ResultsA total of 571 competitive junior athletes (14.3±2.5 years) were evaluated. About half of the population (50.3%) was mildly symptomatic during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the average duration of symptoms was 4±1 days. Pericardial involvement was found in 3.2% of junior athletes: small pericardial effusion (2.6%), moderate pericardial effusion (0.2%) and pericarditis (0.4%). No relevant arrhythmias or myocardial inflammation was found in subjects with pericardial involvement. Athletes with pericarditis or moderate pericardial effusion were temporarily disqualified, and a gradual return to play was achieved after complete clinical resolution.ConclusionsThe prevalence of cardiac involvement was low in junior athletes after asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. A screening strategy primarily driven by cardiac symptoms should detect cardiac involvement from SARS-CoV-2 infection in most junior athletes. Systematic echocardiographic screening is not recommended in junior athletes.
Management of patellar tendinopathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised studies
Authors: Challoumas Dimitris , Pedret Carles , Biddle Mairiosa , Ng Nigel Yong Boon , Kirwan Paul , Cooper Blair , Nicholas Patrick , Wilson Scott , Clifford Chris , Millar Neal L 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesWe performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to provide insights into the effectiveness of available treatment modalities in patellar tendinopathy(PT).MethodsSeveral databases were searched in May 2021 for RCTs assessing the effectiveness of any intervention compared with any other intervention, placebo or no treatment for pain and/or function in PT. The risk of bias and strength of evidence were assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations)/GRADE-NMA tools.ResultsA total of 37 RCTs were eligible that assessed 33 different interventions and their combinations, most represented by single studies. Based on pairwise meta-analyses of two RCTs, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) does not appear to be superior to sham ESWT (eccentric exercise in both groups) for short-term pain (mean differences (MD) +0.1, 95% CI (−0.8 to 1), p=0.84) or function (MD −1.8, 95% CI (–8 to 4.4), p=0.57). Based on a pairwise meta-analysis of three RCTs, isometric exercise appears as effective as isotonic exercise for immediate postintervention pain relief (MD −1.03, 95% CI (−2.6 to 0.5), p=0.19). Our NMA showed that topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and hyaluronic acid injection, both combined with eccentric exercise and moderate, slow resistance exercise had the highest probability of being the most effective interventions (low/very low strength of evidence).ConclusionsPromising interventions with inadequate evidence, such as topical GTN, hyaluronic acid injections and isometric and slow resistance exercise, should be further investigated through high-quality RCTs. Meanwhile, eccentric loading with or without adjuncts should remain the first-line treatment for all individuals with patellar tendinopathy.
Integrated analysis reveals prognostic value of HLA-I LOH in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Yi-Fan , Xiao Yi , Jin Xi , Di Gen-Hong , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), especially those non-immune-inflamed tumors, have a poor prognosis and limited therapies. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I not only contributes to antitumor immune response and the phenotype of the tumor microenvironment, but also is a negative predictor of outcomes after immunotherapy. However, the importance of HLA functional status in TNBCs remains poorly understood.MethodsUsing the largest original multiomics datasets on TNBCs, we systematically characterized the HLA-Ⅰ status of TNBCs from the perspective of HLA-Ⅰ homogeneity and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The prognostic significance of HLA-I status was measured. To explain the potential mechanism of prognostic value in HLA-Ⅰ status, the mutational signature, copy number alteration, neoantigen and intratumoral heterogeneity were measured. Furthermore, the correlation between HLA-Ⅰ functional status and the tumor immune microenvironment was analyzed.ResultsLOH and homogeneity in HLA-I accounted for 18% and 21% of TNBCs, respectively. HLA-I LOH instead of HLA-I homogeneity was an independent prognostic biomarker in TNBCs. In particular, for patients with non-immune-inflamed tumors, HLA-I LOH indicated a worse prognosis than HLA-I non-LOH. Furthermore, integrated genomic and transcriptomic analysis showed that HLA-I LOH was accompanied by upregulated scores of mutational signature 3 and homologous recombination deficiency scores, which implied the failure of DNA double-strand break repair. Moreover, HLA-I LOH had higher mutation and neoantigen loads and more subclones than HLA-I non-LOH. These results indicated that although HLA-I LOH tumors with failure of DNA double-strand break repair were prone to produce neoantigens, their limited capacity for antigen presentation finally contributed to poor immune selection pressure.ConclusionOur study illustrates the genomic landscape of HLA-I functional status and stresses the prognostic significance of HLA-I LOH in TNBCs. For “cold” tumors in TNBCs, HLA-I LOH indicated a worse prognosis than HLA-I non-LOH.
Comprehensive epithelial tubo-ovarian cancer risk prediction model incorporating genetic and epidemiological risk factors
Authors: Lee Andrew , Yang Xin , Tyrer Jonathan , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Ryan Andy , Mavaddat Nasim , Cunningham Alex P , Carver Tim , Archer Stephanie , Leslie Goska , Kalsi Jatinder , Gaba Faiza , Manchanda Ranjit , Gayther Simon , Ramus Susan J , Walter Fiona M , Tischkowitz Marc , Jacobs Ian , Menon Usha , Easton Douglas F , Pharoah Paul , Antoniou Antonis C 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundEpithelial tubo-ovarian cancer (EOC) has high mortality partly due to late diagnosis. Prevention is available but may be associated with adverse effects. A multifactorial risk model based on known genetic and epidemiological risk factors (RFs) for EOC can help identify women at higher risk who could benefit from targeted screening and prevention.MethodsWe developed a multifactorial EOC risk model for women of European ancestry incorporating the effects of pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, RAD51D and BRIP1, a Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) of arbitrary size, the effects of RFs and explicit family history (FH) using a synthetic model approach. The PRS, PV and RFs were assumed to act multiplicatively.ResultsBased on a currently available PRS for EOC that explains 5% of the EOC polygenic variance, the estimated lifetime risks under the multifactorial model in the general population vary from 0.5% to 4.6% for the first to 99th percentiles of the EOC risk distribution. The corresponding range for women with an affected first-degree relative is 1.9%–10.3%. Based on the combined risk distribution, 33% of RAD51D PV carriers are expected to have a lifetime EOC risk of less than 10%. RFs provided the widest distribution, followed by the PRS. In an independent partial model validation, absolute and relative 5-year risks were well calibrated in quintiles of predicted risk.ConclusionThis multifactorial risk model can facilitate stratification, in particular among women with FH of cancer and/or moderate-risk and high-risk PVs. The model is available via the CanRisk Tool (www.canrisk.org).