bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of donor characteristics on T cell‐replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation over the last 10 years at a single institution
Authors: Wu Yibo , Lai Xiaoyu , Shi Jimin , Tan Yamin , Zhao Yanmin , Yu Jian , Liu Lizhen , Zhang Wei , Huang He , Luo Yi 
Published: December 2021

SummaryOne of the most complex issues with haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo‐SCT) is donor selection, given that multiple haploidentical donors are often available for a given recipient. To develop evidence‐based guidance for donor selection in the setting of anti‐thymocyte globulin‐based haplo‐SCT, we performed a prospective cohort study of 512 patients with haematological malignancies who had haplo‐SCT to determine which donor variables were most important in favouring transplant outcomes. Increasing donor age was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) 1·08, P = 0·044]. Female donors to male recipients was significantly associated with higher non‐relapse mortality (NRM; HR 2·05, P = 0·006). Furthermore, increasing donor age had a higher risk of Grades 3–4 acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD; HR 1·17, P = 0·005), female donors to male recipients was associated with a higher risk of Grades 2–4 aGVHD (HR 1·50, P = 0·022). Sibling donors had superior OS, disease‐free survival, and NRM than parental donors in patients aged <35 years. However, sibling donors had higher NRM than offspring donors in patients aged ≥35 years. A younger donor, usually a young sibling in younger recipients (aged <35 years) or a young offspring in older patients (aged ≥35 years) and avoiding female donors to male recipients should be preferred when multiple haploidentical donors are available.
Mapping Word to World in ASL: Evidence from a Human Simulation Paradigm
Authors: Fitch Allison , Arunachalam Sudha , Lieberman Amy M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcross languages, children map words to meaning with great efficiency, despite a seemingly unconstrained space of potential mappings. The literature on how children do this is primarily limited to spoken language. This leaves a gap in our understanding of sign language acquisition, because several of the hypothesized mechanisms that children use are visual (e.g., visual attention to the referent), and sign languages are perceived in the visual modality. Here, we used the Human Simulation Paradigm in American Sign Language (ASL) to determine potential cues to word learning. Sign‐naïve adult participants viewed video clips of parent–child interactions in ASL, and at a designated point, had to guess what ASL sign the parent produced. Across two studies, we demonstrate that referential clarity in ASL interactions is characterized by access to information about word class and referent presence (for verbs), similarly to spoken language. Unlike spoken language, iconicity is a cue to word meaning in ASL, although this is not always a fruitful cue. We also present evidence that verbs are highlighted well in the input, relative to spoken English. The results shed light on both similarities and differences in the information that learners may have access to in acquiring signed versus spoken languages.
Exotic herbivores dominate Australian high‐elevation grasslands
Authors: Hartley Renée , Blanchard Wade , Schroder Mellesa , Lindenmayer David B. , Sato Chloe , Scheele Ben C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInvasive species are major drivers of ecosystem degradation globally. How invasive herbivore impacts differ from native herbivore impacts remains understudied. We examined the relationships between herbivore sign and vegetation height, foliage density, cover of forbs, weeds, bare ground, and soil compaction across environmental and herbivore activity gradients in the mainland Australian Alps. We detected native and exotic herbivore sign at 32.8% and 94.0% of sites, respectively. Total herbivore activity was primarily attributed to exotic herbivores and was associated with elevation and grassland type. Greater horse (exotic) activity was associated with lower vegetation height, lower foliage density, higher forb cover, and higher soil compaction. Greater rabbit and hare (exotic) activity was associated with lower vegetation height, lower foliage density, and a higher cover of bare ground. Greater total herbivore activity was associated with greater weed cover. Neither deer (exotic) nor kangaroo and wallaby (native) activity was related to response variables. We demonstrate that exotic herbivores dominate mammalian herbivory in these grasslands, which evolved without analogous hooved species. Given the restricted distribution and high endemism of these ecosystems, and associations between exotic herbivores and characteristics of degraded grasslands, we recommend landscape‐scale exotic herbivore management, focusing on maintaining ground cover and vegetation structure.
Squash cytology of clear cell meningioma: Report of a case
Authors: Basu Tista , Das Mou , Ghosh Arijit , Chaudhuri Shubhamitra , Chatterjee Uttara , Ghosh Subhasis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClear cell meningioma (CCM) is a rare histological variant of meningioma. It is commonly located at the cerebellopontine angle and the spine particularly around the cauda equina. Squash cytology finding of meningioma is well‐established, however there is sparse literature available on squash cytology of CCM. Here we describe a case of CCM occurring in the lumbar spine in a young woman. Initially, on squash cytology a diagnosis of a low grade glioma favouring an ependymoma was considered. Eventually histopathological examination along with immunohistochemistry helped us reach the diagnosis of a CCM. In this article we discuss the cytomorphology of CCM along with its cytological differentials and the hurdles to an accurate diagnosis.
Influence of endogenous reference points on the selling decisions of retail investors
Authors: Bansal Avijit , Jacob Joshy , Pandey Ajay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing trader‐level data, we examine the impact of the stock‐specific endogenous reference points, the ‘realized‐return’ and the ‘peak‐return’ of the prior round on the selling propensity in a subsequent investment round in the same asset. The selling propensity rises significantly near the endogenous reference points. The significance is greater when the holding period is relatively shorter and when the time gap between the consecutive rounds is lower, implying a recency effect. Finally, the impact is more substantial on traders holding fewer stocks. The results imply that traders' prior stock‐specific experience plays a significant role in the reference point formation.
Backcalculation of damage density of in‐service asphalt pavements using artificial intelligence‐based finite element model updating
Authors: Deng Yong , Luo Xue , Wang Hang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFatigue damage is a common distress significantly affecting asphalt pavements in the performance, economy, and safety aspects. Accordingly, this paper aims to propose a methodology to backcalculate a continuum damage mechanics (CDM)‐based damage density of in‐service asphalt pavements from field nondestructive testing (NDT). An artificial intelligence (AI)‐based finite element (FE) model updating was applied with the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) test results for the calibrations of the damage density and supporting layer moduli. The development of the damage density with pavement service time was categorized and fitted with proposed analytical models. The damage density was compared with field observations on the fatigue cracking performance of asphalt pavements. It was found that the damage density had close relations with the material type, structural configuration, and fatigue cracking area of the pavement. This study shows a promising application of the damage density in the evaluation and prediction of the fatigue damage of asphalt pavements, which will lead to a timely and cost‐effective pavement maintenance and rehabilitation.
Reference intervals of automated reticulocyte count and immature reticulocyte fraction in a pediatric population
Authors: Bracho Fernando Javier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionReticulocytes are erythroid precursors that develop into mature erythrocytes, and they are an important tool to assess erythropoietic activity, as their count indicates the balance between the cells released from the bone marrow, their stage of maturity, and their rate of development into mature erythrocytes. Considering the described biological variability of the absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) and the immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) and the limited information available on these hematological parameters in children, this study determined the reference intervals (RIs) of these parameters in a healthy pediatric population.MethodsA retrospective, observational, and analytical study was designed to establish RIs for the ARC and the IRF according to age and sex. An indirect sampling method was applied to a mixed database of complete blood counts from children aged 2 months to 18 years, using the truncated maximum likelihood indirect method for reference interval estimation. Percentiles were calculated to obtain bimodal RIs.ResultsFrom a total of 190,812 samples, 6,814 were selected. Gender stratification was not necessary for the ARC and the IRF but they required partitioning into six and two age groups, respectively.ConclusionThis study determined, by an indirect sampling method, RIs for the ARC and the IRF in a pediatric population according to age and sex.
Odour detection in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Petitpierre Geneviève , Dind Juliane , De Blasio Catherine , Gremaud Germaine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlfaction provides information on very important dimensions of the environment; however the olfactory abilities of children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) remain largely unknown. This within‐subjects study explores olfactory detection abilities in children with PIMD.MethodTwenty‐two children and young people with PIMD (7–18 years) were presented with 18 medium intensity odours and an odourless control stimulus. Odorants were presented one by one in a randomised order. The neutral stimulus was presented prior to each odorant. Participants' responses were measured using 21 behavioural indicators.ResultsResults show that participants make a clear distinction between odorous and neutral conditions, between food and non‐food, and between pleasant and unpleasant odours. The detection abilities are manifested by several behaviours, in particular by the duration of the head alignment on the odorant.ConclusionsThis study shows that participants detect the stimuli and act differently depending on the category.
The European Semester as Goldilocks: Macroeconomic Policy Coordination and the Recovery and Resilience Facility
Authors: Vanhercke Bart , Verdun Amy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow and why did the European Semester end up as the main institutional vehicle of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF)? To what extent did this new set‐up change the power balance among key actors (for example, financial and economic actors versus social affairs actors)? Drawing on historical institutionalism and based on 28 semi‐structured interviews and document analysis, our assessment suggests that while social actors were initially side‐lined and national executives strengthened, over time the pendulum is swinging back. The usual actors are strategically using the institutional structures of the revised Semester as a vehicle to ‘have a say’ in the RRF. Having more carrots and sticks suggests further strengthening the pivotal role of the European Commission. Yet having the option of submitting national plans gives member states options too. The EU institutional response to the Covid‐19 pandemic built on, and further cemented, the EU's socio‐economic governance architecture.
The European Semester in the North and in the South: Domestic Politics and the Salience of EU‐Induced Wage Reform in Different Growth Models*
Authors: D'Erman Valerie J. , Schulz Daniel F. , Verdun Amy , Zagermann Dennis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMacro‐economic policy coordination remains a challenge in the EU. The European Semester was designed to help facilitate more coordination. In the area of wage policies, it encourages Germany and the Netherlands to support stronger wage growth, while Italy and Portugal have been told to exercise wage restraint. This paper analyses how domestic interest group politics influence how EU recommendations are received. Reflecting on the different growth models that underpin these four countries, we find that country‐specific recommendations meet country‐specific obstacles – independent of whether recommendations aim at increasing or reducing wages. Specifically, we observe that domestic actors successfully mobilize against EU recommendations that go against the interests of their constituencies, but are less effective in mobilizing for recommendations aligning with their interests. Hence, we submit that high salience of EU influence poses an obstacle for EU‐induced reform in the South while low salience limits EU influence in the North.
Contribution of opsins and chromophores to cone pigment variation across populations of Lake Victoria cichlids
Authors: Wilwert Elodie , Etienne Rampal S. , van de Zande Louis , Maan Martine E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdaptation to heterogeneous sensory environments has been implicated as a key parameter in speciation. Cichlid fish are a textbook example of divergent visual adaptation, mediated by variation in the sequences and expression levels of cone opsin genes (encoding the protein component of visual pigments). In some vertebrates including fish, visual sensitivity is also tuned by the ratio of vitamin A1/A2–derived chromophores (i.e., the light‐sensitive component of the visual pigment bound to the opsin protein), where higher proportions of A2 cause a more red‐shifted wavelength absorbance. This study explores the variation in chromophore ratios across multiple cichlid populations in Lake Victoria, using as a proxy the expression of the gene Cyp27c1, which has been shown to regulate the conversion of vitamin A1 into vitamin A2 in several vertebrates. This study focuses on sympatric Pundamilia cichlids, where species with blue or red male coloration co‐occur at multiple islands but occupy different depths and consequently different visual habitats. In the red species, we found higher cyp27c1 expression in populations from turbid waters than from clear waters, but there was no such pattern in the blue species. Across populations, differences between the sympatric species in cyp27c1 expression had a consistent relationship with species differences in opsin expression patterns, but the red/blue identity reversed between clear and turbid waters. To assess the contribution of heritable vs. environmental causes of variation, we tested whether light manipulations induce a change in cyp27c1 expression in the laboratory. We found that cyp27c1 expression was not influenced by experimental light conditions, suggesting that the observed variation in the wild is due to genetic differences. Nonetheless, compared to other cichlid species, cyp27c1 is expressed at very low levels in Pundamilia, suggesting that it may not be relevant for visual adaptation in this species. Conclusively, establishing the biological importance of this variation requires testing of actual A1/A2 ratios in the eye, as well as its consequences for visual performance.
Immunohistochemical expression of cornulin in lesional and perilesional skin of plaque psoriasis
Authors: Shehata Wafaa Ahmed , Hammam Mostafa Ahmed , Ayad Amina , Holah Nanis S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an immune‐related disease with dermal inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia. Cornulin has a significant role in keratinocyte proliferation and stimulates inflammation in psoriasis.Aim of the WorkThis work aims to evaluate Cornulin expression values in lesional and perilesional psoriatic skin compared with the control group's skin through immunohistochemistry.MethodsThis case‐control study included 30 cases with plaque psoriasis and another 30 as controls. Patient samples were collected, and immunohistochemical staining of Cornulin was conducted.ResultsIn the epidermis, there was a stepwise pattern of significant Cornulin overexpression in keratinocytes starting from controls (34.00 ± 23.65) to lesional (62.59 ± 23.93) passing through perilesional skin (36.52 ± 18.49) (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was also a stepwise pattern of the significance of Cornulin starting from 4 in controls (13.3% for both) to 28 lesional cases (93.3%) and 18 (60.0%) passing through 17 perilesional skin cases (56.7%) and 5 (16.7%) (p < 0.001 for both) for inflammatory cells and adnexa, respectively. A significant relationship between lesional epidermal Cornulin's strong intensity and a higher H‐score and both hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis was found (p = 0.008 for both intensity and 0.028 for both H‐scores).ConclusionCornulin might be implicated in keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inflammation in plaque psoriasis and may be valuable as therapeutic target.
Influence of Digital Technologies and Framework Design on the Load to Fracture of Co‐Cr Posterior Fixed Partial Denture Frameworks
Authors: Tobar Celia , Rodriguez Veronica , Lopez‐Suarez Carlos , Pelaez Jesus , Suarez Maria J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare the load to fracture of cobalt‐chromium (Co‐Cr) 3‐unit posterior fixed partial denture (FPD) frameworks manufactured by conventional and digital techniques and to evaluate the influence of the framework design on the fracture load.Material and methodsEighty 3‐unit Co‐Cr posterior FPD frameworks were fabricated with two designs: intermediate pontic (n = 40) and cantilever (n = 40). Each design was randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): casting, direct metal laser sintering, soft metal milling, and hard metal milling. After thermal cycling, all specimens were subjected to a 3‐point bending test until fracture. Data were statistically analyzed using one‐way ANOVA, Welch and Brown‐Forsythe test, Ryan‐Einot‐Gabriel‐Welsch F and Tamhane T2 post hoc test, Student's t test, and Weibull statistics (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences (p < 0.001; F = 39.59) were found among intermediate pontic frameworks (except between laser sintering and hard metal milling), and cantilevered frameworks (F = 36.75) (except between laser sintering and hard metal milling, and casting and soft metal milling). The cantilever groups showed load to fracture values significantly lower than those of the intermediate pontic (p < 0.001; F = 28.29). The Weibull statistics corroborated the results.ConclusionsHard metal milling and laser sintered frameworks exhibited the highest load to fracture values. However, all tested frameworks demonstrated clinically acceptable load to fracture values. The framework design directly affected the fracture load, with drastically lower values in cantilevered frameworks.
Overcoming Complications with Implants in the Esthetic Zone: An Innovative Approach
Authors: Mori Gentaro , Oda Yukari , Iijima Toshikazu , Yajima Yasutomo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOwing to the satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes of implant surgery for the anterior teeth, some dentists consider it the gold standard treatment. However, the risk of developing peri‐implantitis is positively associated with the long‐term use of the implant. This necessitates the development of an implant design that reduces the risk of peri‐implantitis, especially considering the long‐term use of implants in young patients. This case report describes a new approach for an implant surgery using a two‐stage implant in a 28‐year‐old woman. Her clinical course was satisfactory during the 4‐year postoperative follow‐up period; no inflammation was noted in the surrounding tissues. The two‐stage implants allow for the removal of an implant body from an infected area and its replacement with a new abutment if peri‐implantitis develops in the future.
Factors associated with frailty in kidney transplant recipients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Bei , Zhao Peiyu , Wang Han , Wang Shasha , Wei Changyun , Gao Fengli , Liu Hongxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is prevalent in kidney transplant recipients and associated with multiple health care challenges. The association between frailty and outcomes has been extensively studied in kidney transplant recipients, but the status of frailty and its associated factors are not well studied, hindering efforts to develop strategies to improve care and reduce frailty.ObjectivesTo identify the factors that are associated with frailty in kidney transplant recipients comprehensively.Design and ParticipantsThe associated factors of frailty were explored by a cross‐sectional study of 185 kidney transplant recipients.MeasurementsData were collected using the general information questionnaire, the Charlson comorbidity index, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsA total of 75 (40.5%) kidney transplant recipients were assessed as frail by Chinese TFI. Age (β = 0.228), time post‐transplant (β = 0.055), sleep quality (β = 0.224) and psychological resilience (β = −0.038) entered the final multiple regression equation and accounted for 41.8% of the total frailty variation (R2 = 0.418, F = 21.31, p < 0.05).ConclusionsFrailty was common among kidney transplant recipients. Old age, long time after transplantation, poor sleep quality and low psychological resilience were main associated factors for frailty. Integrated care interventions are therefore needed for this vulnerable population to prevent or delay frailty.
The opioid crisis and economic distress: Consequences for population change
Authors: Taylor Samuel , Stephens Heather M. , Grossman Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDrug‐related overdoses, and opioid overdoses in particular, have increased substantially over the past two decades, creating a public health crisis. This crisis has hit both urban and rural areas. However, it hit at a time in which rural areas were already struggling to retain population and adjust to new economic realities presented by a transition to service economies and increasing urbanization. Thus, to explore how the opioid crisis may have affected migration and contributed to population loss, we consider county‐level population changes due to all overdose deaths, controlling for other relevant factors, recognizing that opioid overdose is the primary mechanism for overdose death in the United States. We find that higher levels of these deaths in a county are associated with population declines, especially for those aged 25–34, which is problematic since this is the working‐age population critical to the long‐term economic success in a region. Our findings suggest that policymakers should address the drug crisis, not only to help the affected population, but also as an economic development tool to stop outmigration and to rebuild distressed communities.