bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of process parameters on the degradation of high salinity industrial wastewater
Authors: Li Zhishen , Gao Xiaolei , Miao Dongtian , Yang Wanlin , Xie Yuanquan , Ma Li , Wei Qiuping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh salinity wastewater is characterized by high salt content, a large number of organic pollutants and difficulty in biochemical degradation, which has become a major problem in industrial wastewater treatment. In this article, the electrochemical oxidation technology was used to treat high salinity wastewater. The effects of temperature, current density, pH and additives on the removal effect of high salinity wastewater were investigated to optimize the process parameters. The results show that the best degradation effect is when the current density is 21.43 mA cm−2, pH = 2, the temperature is 60 °C, and electric field activates additional persulfate. After purification of high salt wastewater, the evaporated salt can be utilized as a resource. The industrial cost of degradation was estimated, and its economic benefits were calculated. This work will provide a theoretical and experimental basis for treating high salt wastewater by boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrochemical degradation technology.
Historical evolution of urban water conservancy projects in Xi'an, China in the past 3,000 years and its revelations
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chai Junrui , Xu Zengguang , Wang Yixuan , Wei Kewu , Dang Yungang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Xi'an has a special historical position in ancient China, and it has made great achievements in water conservancy projects in all dynasties. The water network skeleton formed mainly by the ‘Eight Waters’ in the territory, along with the historical changes of Xi'an, has experienced the Lantian ape-man ‘living by the water’, the Western Zhou Fenghao ‘two capitals along the Fenghe River’, and the Qin Xianyang city ‘capital passed by Weihe river’. Developments and changes such as the ‘diversion of water to develop the capital’ in Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty, the ‘capital be ringed by eight rivers’ in Chang'an in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, ‘reduced water’ from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and the ‘coordinated supply’ after the founding of the People's Republic of China. After sorting out the system, it is believed that the ‘Eight Waters’ in the territory are the original driving force for the flourishing Chang'an in history. From ancient times to the present, with the development of industry, there has been a trend that human settlements and rivers are farther away. Urban water supply has shifted from groundwater sources to surface water sources. This article investigates the evolution of water conservancy projects in Xi'an from the Paleolithic Age to the present, and studies the relationship between human production and life and water resources. The changing law and development trend of the water supply structure in Xi'an urban area in modern times are analyzed. We have summarized the enlightenment left to us by the practice of water conservancy projects for thousands of years. This paper provides references for the development and planning of water resources in similar cities.
An experimental study on the use of a sequencing-batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) for the treatment of mixed municipal wastewater
Authors: Gao Yulan , Yang Jie , Song Xinwei , Shen Dongmei , Wang Wanfen , Zhang Weimin , Jiang Jichao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Several water treatment techniques have been combined using the sequencing batch reactor with the membrane bioreactor for addressing water pollution. However, cleaning of the membrane is dependent on the approach involved as well as the operating conditions. In the present study, the sequencing-batch membrane bioreactor was used to treat real mixed municipal wastewater. The pollutant removal and membrane filtration performances were examined. The results show that the average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, NH3-N, total phosphorus, and turbidity were 90.75, 63.52, 92.85, 87.58, and 99.48%, respectively, when the system was in continuous operation for 95 days. The membrane had a significant effect on COD and turbidity removal and provided stable performances for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. By observing the appearance of the membrane modules before and after the cleaning operation, it was concluded that the deposited sludge and granular sediment on the membrane surface can be effectively removed by hydraulic cleaning. In addition, recovery of membrane filtration performance to 60% of that of a new membrane can be achieved. Furthermore, we found that different sequences and duration of cleaning have different effects on the recovery of membrane filtration performance.
Prevalence of Non-coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis from the HELLAS-FH
Authors: Anagnostis Panagiotis , Rizos Christos V. , Skoumas Ioannis , Rallidis Loukianos , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Skalidis Emmanuel , Kotsis Vasileios , Doumas Michalis , Kolovou Genovefa , Sfikas George , Bilianou Eleni , Koutagiar Iosif , Agapakis Dimitrios , Zacharis Evangelos , Antza Christina , Koumaras Charalambos , Boutari Chrysoula , Liamis George , Liberopoulos Evangelos N. 
Published: February 2021

Aims:
Despite the established link between familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and increased risk of
coronary heart disease (CHD), its association with other common atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases has
not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease
(PAD) [i.e., common carotid artery disease (CCAD) and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD)], aortic valve
stenosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with FH.

Materials & Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study retrieving data from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Registry (HELLAS-FH).

Results:
A total of 1,633 adult patients (850 males) with heterozygous FH (HeFH) were included (mean age
51.3±14.6 years at registration and 44.3±15.9 years at diagnosis). Any common carotid artery stenosis (CCAS)
was diagnosed in 124 out of 569 patients with available related data (21.8%), while the prevalence of CCAD
(defined as a CCAS ≥50%) was 4.2%. The median (interquartile range - IQR) CCAS was 30% (20-40),
whereas the median (IQR) carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was 0.7 (0.1-1.4) mm. LEAD was reported
in 44 patients (prevalence 2.7%). The prevalence of aortic valve stenosis and CKD was 2.0% and 6.4%, respectively.
NAFLD was present in 24% of study participants.

Conclusions:
HeFH is associated with a relatively high prevalence of any CCAS and CCAD. The prevalence
of LEAD, CKD and aortic valve stenosis was relatively low, whereas the prevalence of NAFLD was similar to
that of the general population.
A Label-Free Fluorescent AND Logic Gate Aptasensor for Carbohydrate
Antigen 15-3 Detection Based on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Hu Wenxiao , Dong Yafei , Wang Luhui , Wang Yue , Qian Mengyao , Xi Sunfan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Molecular logic gate always makes use of fluorescent dyes to realize
fluorescence signals. The labeling of the fluorophore is relatively expensive, resulting in low yield,
and singly labeled impurities affect the affinity between the target and the aptamer. Label-free
fluorescent aptamer biosensor strategy has attracted widespread interest due to lower cost and
simplicity.

Objective:
Herein, we have designed an AND logic gate fluorescent aptasensor for detecting
carbohydrate antigen 15-3(CA15-3) based on label-free fluorescence signal output.

Materials and Methods:
A hairpin DNA probe consists of CA15-3 aptamer and partly anti-CA15-
3 aptamer sequences as a long stem and G-rich sequences of the middle ring as a quadruplexforming
oligomer. G-rich sequences can fold into a quadruplex by K+, and then G-quadruplex
interacts specifically with N-methylmesoporphyrin IX(NMM), leading to a dramatic increase in
fluorescence of NMM. With CA15-3 and NMM as the two inputs, the fluorescence intensity of the
NMM is the output signal. Lacking CA15-3 or NMM, there is no significant fluorescence
enhancement, and the output of the signal is “0”. The fluorescence signal dramatically increases
and the output of the signal is “1” only when CA15-3 protein and NMM are added at the same
time.

Results:
This biosensor strategy was observed to possess selectivity and high sensitivity for detecting
CA15-3 protein from 10 to 500 U mL-1 and the detection limit was found to be 10 U mL-1, which also
showed good reproducibility in spiked human serum.

Conclusion:
In summary, the proposed AND logic gate fluorescent aptasensor could specifically
detect CA15-3.
Immunological Impact of Whey Protein on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Mizubuti Yani G.G. , Correia Maria I.T.D. , da Silva Thales A. , de Vasconcelos Generoso Simone , Teixeira Antônio L. , Lima Agnaldo S. , Vieira Érica L.M. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Recent in vitro studies point to the immune properties of milk proteins.

Objective:
To investigate the immunomodulating properties of whey protein isolate (WHEY) compared
to those of casein (CAS) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) death and supernatant
cytokine levels in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients and healthy individuals.

Method:
The role of WHEY on the immune cells was evaluated under-stimulated and non-stimulated
conditions to determine cellular death and cytokine production, post-exposure with 40, 400 or
4.000 μg mL-1 of WHEY or CAS. Flow cytometry was used to identify the monocyte and lymphocyte
population. Cytokines were measured from the supernatants of 24 hour-old PBMC cultures.

Results:
Compared to CAS, WHEY significantly decreased lymphocyte death at 4.000 μg mL-1 in
both groups of individuals with no effects on the monocyte population regardless of the group. At
the same concentration (4.000 μg mL-1), WHEY increased TNF and IL-10 cytokine levels in the stimulated
PBMC supernatant from CLD patients.

Conclusion:
Compared to CAS, WHEY exerted immunomodulating effects in CLD patients. A
similar response may be anticipated for other pathological conditions in which high stress and immune
dysfunction are present.
Investigation of the Structural, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Nanocellulose Synthesised from Pineapple Leaves and Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Sainorudin Muhammad Hanif , Abdullah Nur Athirah , Rani Mohd Saiful Asmal , Mohammad Masita , Abd Kadir Nurul Huda , Razali Halim , Asim Nilofar , Yaakob Zahira 
Published: February 2021

Background:Nanocrystalline celluloses (NCCs), also known as nanocelluloses derived from natural renewable resources, have elicited much interest from researchers. The annual local agricultural residues of pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse are abundant and must be used properly. The detailed comparative analysis of chemical, physical and thermal properties conducted in this work demonstrates that several types of agro-waste can be utilised economically and reasonably for various applications.Methods:NCCs were successfully isolated by the pre-treatment (alkaline and bleaching) and acid hydrolysis of pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse. The structural, crystallinity, morphological and thermal properties, were evaluated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).Results:The FTIR spectra revealed an extensive removal of hemicellulose and lignin from the extracted NCC. Morphological investigations conducted through TEM revealed that the NCC nanostructure had a needle-like shape, whereas SEM showed an irregular rod-like shape. The XRD pattern proved the crystallinity of the isolated NCC from both samples. The crystallinity indices of NCC from pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse were 76.38% and 74.60%, respectively. NCC’s thermal stability increased in both samples at different purification stages.Conclusion:Pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse can be the industry’s primary source of raw materials and a possible alternative for costly and non-renewable materials. The use of NCCs from these agro-waste forms is beneficial and can provide considerable biomass to the agricultural industry with nano-energy-based markets.
Recent Innovations in Nano Container-Based Self-Healing Coatings in the Construction Industry
Authors: Thakur Abhinay , Kaya Savas , Kumar Ashish 
Published: February 2021

:Globally, the maintenance and repair of infrastructure cost billions of dollars and impact the day-to-day life of people. Corrosion of infrastructure and metals used in the manufacture of goods and supplies is a major cause of deterioration in the construction industry. Nanocontainerbased self-healing coatings attract enormous scientific attention as they offer a wide range of applications in conjunction with long-lasting inhibition performance. These coatings prevent the rate of crack progression by releasing active agents from micro/nanocontainers in a controllable manner and heal crack, thereby mitigating corrosion. The potential of such coatings to heal local damage induced by climatic causes or by mechanical damage is a significant contributing factor to their desirability. This review is a comprehensive analysis of nanocontainers used to manufacture self-healing anticorrosive coatings as well as explains their self-healing mechanism. The technique used to develop nanocontainers such as layer-by-layer assembly of layered double hydroxide has been clarified. An attempt has also been made to cover the latest developments in the manufacture of nanocontainermediated self-healing corrosion coatings used in several construction industries.
An Optimal Combination of Chemically Pure Compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza
for Inhibiting Cell Proliferation
Authors: Shao Tiemei , Zhang Jing , An Shengjun , Xu Hongjun , Wu Jiangli , Wang Lei , Zhao Wei , Zhou Yongjie , Zhou Luyang , Cui Qingzhuo 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM) is a traditional Chinese medicine used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Its therapeutic effect has been confirmed by many clinical and pharmacological studies. However, the optimal formulation of active ingredients in SM for treating cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. In this study, we determined the ratio of the optimal compatibility of SM ingredients DSS, Sal-A, Sal-B, and PAL (SABP）with a uniform and orthogonal optimized experimental design. In addition, we determined the anti-oxidation effect of SABP using Adventitial Fibroblasts (AFs).

Methods:
By using a combination of uniform and orthogonal designs, we determined the optimal formulation of aqueous extract from SM. MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effects of these 4 components of SM on the AFs, which were isolated and cultured from aorta. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AFs was compared before and after SABP treatment.

Results:
The optimal formulation of these 4 aqueous extracts from SM were 150︰7︰300︰500, and their concentrations were S(1.5×10-4 mol/L), A(7×10-6 mol/L), B(3×10-4 mol/L), and P(5×10-4 mol/L). There were some synergies between these 4 components. Moreover, SABP decreased ROS production in AFs.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that SABP inhibits the proliferation and oxidation stress in AFs. The present study provides a new evidence that the efficacy and function generated from optimal formulation of active ingredients in SM are better than lyophilized powder of SM.
Recent Advancements in Lignin Valorization and Biomedical Applications:
A Patent Review
Authors: Prasad Vandana , Siddiqui Lubna , Mishra Pawan Kumar , Ekielski Adam , Talegaonkar Sushama 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Synthetic polymers present disadvantages such as high cost, limited availability, safety concerns, environmental hazards and overtime accumulation in body. Lignin, an aromatic biopolymer, is highly abundant and offers various advantages including cost effectiveness, biocompatibility and biodegradability. It also possesses various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and UV protection, thus lignin has become a popular biopolymer in recent years and is no more considered as bio-waste rather an extensive research is been carried out on developing it as drug carrier. Lignin also has non-biomedical applications including dispersing agents, surfactants, detergent/cleaning agents, energy storage, etc.

Methods:
This review compiles patents granted on production of technical lignin, different lignin therapeutic carriers and its biomedical and non-biomedical applications. The literature is collected from recent years including both articles as well as patents and is carefully analyzed and compiled in an easy to comprehend pattern for guiding future research.

Results:
The reviewed patents and articles highlighted the advancement made in lignin isolation and valorization. Numerous lignin nanoformulations as drug delivery agents or as standalone entities with various pharmacological actions like antibacterial, antioxidant or UV protectant have been reported. As well as industrial applications of lignin as adhesives, insulators or supercapacitors have also made lignin a biopolymer of choice.

Conclusion:
Lignin being a bio-inspired polymer has huge potential in commercial applications. New methods of lignin isolation from lignocellulosic biomass including physical pretreatments, solvent fraction, and chemical and biological pretreatment have been widely patented. Several micro/nano lignin formulations with improved and controllable reactivity like nanocontainers, nanocapsules, nanoparticles have also been reported recently. Also various pharmacological properties of lignin have also been explored, thus valorization of lignin is a hot topic of hour.
An Insight to the Toxic Effect of Sulfamerazine on Porcine Pancreatic Amylase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Malla Avirup , Mukherjee Koel , Mandal Mukulika , Mukherjee Aishwarya , Sur Runa , Gupta Suvroma 
Published: February 2021

Background:Sulfamerazine, a sulfonamide, has been routinely used to treat various bacterial infections, namely Pneumonia, Urinary tract infections, Shigellosis, Bronchitis, Prostatitis, and many more. It interferes with the bacterial folic acid biosynthesis, albeit higher eukaryotes are not susceptible to its action due to the inherent absence of this specific pathway.Objective:In spite of its constant use, Sulfamerazine administration evokes serious issues like the development of antibacterial resistance through environmental contamination, although how it affects the eukaryotic system, specifically its target identification, has not been addressed in detail.Methods:The source of the cell line, including when and from where it was obtained. Whether the cell line has recently been authenticated and by what method. Whether the cell line has recently been tested for mycoplasma contamination. Hela Cells are cultured as per the standard method, amylase and lactate dehydrogenase assay are conducted using a standard procedure with a spectrophotometer. Binding thermodynamics and conformational study have been estimated with isothermal titration calorimetry as well as with docking.Results:Experimental observations reveal that Sulfamerazine inhibits porcine pancreatic amylase in a noncompetitive mode (IC50 of 0.96 mM). The binding of the drug to porcine pancreatic amylase is entropy-driven with conformational changes of the protein as indicated by concomitant redshift. It enhances the inhibitory effects of acarbose and cetapin on their in vitro pancreatic amylase activity. It augments lipid peroxidation and promotes lactic acidosis in a dose-dependent manner. Docking studies ensure effective interactions between Sulfamerazine and proteins like lactic dehydrogenase and porcine pancreatic amylase.Conclusion:Detailed study is to be conducted to confirm whether the molecular scaffold of Sulfamerazine might serve as an effective repurposed drug acting as a lead molecule to design antidiabetic drugs of future use. Alternatively, it should be prescribed with caution under specific medical situations like diabetes, cancer and hepatic disorders manifesting lactic acidosis to avoid the crisis.
Migración de retorno y escolaridad en México: atención educativa a la población transnacional
Authors: Tacelosky Kathleen 
Published: February 2021

<p>Los cambios en los patrones migratorios por parte de los mexicanos, primero a los Estados Unidos y luego de regreso a México, han dado como resultado a aproximadamente 600 000 estudiantes (Jensen y Jacobo-Suarez 2019) en escuelas mexicanas que han cursado una parte o la totalidad de su educación en inglés en los Estados Unidos. Este artículo explora el fenómeno de la educación transnacional prestando especial atención al aspecto lingüístico. Después de esbozar brevemente la historia de la inmigración hacia y desde Estados Unidos el artículo presenta un trabajo de investigación etnolingüística llevada a cabo en los estados mexicanos de Puebla y Zacatecas durante los últimos diez años (2010-2020). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto los desafíos lingüísticos que enfrentan estos estudiantes transnacionales cuando intentan adaptar un lenguaje, que hasta ahora han utilizado para un propósito (hogar y encuentros sociales), a otro (escuela). El artículo concluye con un ejemplo del estado de Zacatecas, donde se está creando una capacitación para que docentes actuales y en formación tengan las herramientas necesarias para educar a dichos estudiantes.</p><div> </div><p> </p>
Las implicaciones de la migración transnacional entre Estados Unidos y México para el desarrollo profesional de los docentes: perspectivas antropológicas
Authors: Hamann Edmund 'Ted' 
Published: February 2021

<p>La docencia suele ser una profesión para toda la vida. Las tareas, res-<br /> ponsabilidades y tradiciones que se inculcan a través de la formación del maestro y se refuerzan a lo largo de su desarrollo profesional permiten descubrir qué es lo que hacen y lo que tratan de hacer los maes-tros. Siempre existe una tensión entre lo que la sociedad en general espera, lo que interesa a los alumnos y lo que intentan llevar a cabo los maestros. Pero, estas brechas se hacen más hondas y complejas cuando se trata de alumnos que migraron de un país a otro. En este artículo se<br /> presentan algunas aportaciones teóricas desde la antropología para comprender la migración escolar transnacional y los retos que enfrentan los maestros que atienden a los alumnos migrantes. Si decimos que los cambios sociodemográficos (como la migración internacional) inciden en lo que los maestros deberían enseñar y la manera como deberían enseñar, entonces bien vale la pena identificar las formas en que las teorías antropológicas pueden ayudar a guiar a los maestros a enfrentar estos cambios. Esta aproximación teórica puede explicar algunos de los retos a los que se enfrentan los niños y adolescentes que ahora se encuentran en las escuelas mexicanas y que previamente habían estado inscritos en escuelas estadounidenses. En este análisis de carácter teórico, debemos detenernos a considerar la cultura y la identidad docentes para proponer formas pedagógicas adecuadas que respondan a las necesidades propias de los alumnos transnacionales (los que se mueven de las escuelas de un país al otro). Haciendo esto estamos intentando responder a la pregunta: ¿qué plantea la teoría antropológica sobre estos cambios educativos?</p><div> </div>