bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic radiomic expression patterns after 20 Gy demonstrate early metabolic response of oropharyngeal cancers
Authors: Lafata Kyle J. , Chang Yushi , Wang Chunhao , Mowery Yvonne M. , Vergalasova Irina , Niedzwiecki Donna , Yoo David S. , Liu Jian‐Guo , Brizel David M. , Yin Fang‐Fang 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study investigated the prognostic potential of intra‐treatment PET radiomics data in patients undergoing definitive (chemo) radiation therapy for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) on a prospective clinical trial. We hypothesized that the radiomic expression of OPC tumors after 20 Gy is associated with recurrence‐free survival (RFS).Materials and MethodsSixty‐four patients undergoing definitive (chemo)radiation for OPC were prospectively enrolled on an IRB‐approved study. Investigational 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT images were acquired prior to treatment and 2 weeks (20 Gy) into a seven‐week course of therapy. Fifty‐five quantitative radiomic features were extracted from the primary tumor as potential biomarkers of early metabolic response. An unsupervised data clustering algorithm was used to partition patients into clusters based only on their radiomic expression. Clustering results were naïvely compared to residual disease and/or subsequent recurrence and used to derive Kaplan‐Meier estimators of RFS. To test whether radiomic expression provides prognostic value beyond conventional clinical features associated with head and neck cancer, multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to adjust radiomic clusters for T and N stage, HPV status, and change in tumor volume.ResultsWhile pre‐treatment radiomics were not prognostic, intra‐treatment radiomic expression was intrinsically associated with both residual/recurrent disease (P = 0.0256, test) and RFS (HR = 7.53, 95% CI = 2.54–22.3; P = 0.0201). On univariate Cox analysis, radiomic cluster was associated with RFS (unadjusted HR = 2.70; 95% CI = 1.26–5.76; P = 0.0104) and maintained significance after adjustment for T, N staging, HPV status, and change in tumor volume after 20 Gy (adjusted HR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.03–7.04; P = 0.0442). The particular radiomic characteristics associated with outcomes suggest that metabolic spatial heterogeneity after 20 Gy portends complete and durable therapeutic response. This finding is independent of baseline metabolic imaging characteristics and clinical features of head and neck cancer, thus providing prognostic advantages over existing approaches.ConclusionsOur data illustrate the prognostic value of intra‐treatment metabolic image interrogation, which may potentially guide adaptive therapy strategies for OPC patients and serve as a blueprint for other disease sites. The quality of our study was strengthened by its prospective image acquisition protocol, homogenous patient cohort, relatively long patient follow‐up times, and unsupervised clustering formalism that is less prone to hyper‐parameter tuning and over‐fitting compared to supervised learning.
Deep learning‐based coronary artery motion estimation and compensation for short‐scan cardiac CT
Authors: Maier Joscha , Lebedev Sergej , Erath Julien , Eulig Elias , Sawall Stefan , Fournié Eric , Stierstorfer Karl , Lell Michael , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: May 2021

PurposeDuring a typical cardiac short scan, the heart can move several millimeters. As a result, the corresponding CT reconstructions may be corrupted by motion artifacts. Especially the assessment of small structures, such as the coronary arteries, is potentially impaired by the presence of these artifacts. In order to estimate and compensate for coronary artery motion, this manuscript proposes the deep partial angle‐based motion compensation (Deep PAMoCo).MethodsThe basic principle of the Deep PAMoCo relies on the concept of partial angle reconstructions (PARs), that is, it divides the short scan data into several consecutive angular segments and reconstructs them separately. Subsequently, the PARs are deformed according to a motion vector field (MVF) such that they represent the same motion state and summed up to obtain the final motion‐compensated reconstruction. However, in contrast to prior work that is based on the same principle, the Deep PAMoCo estimates and applies the MVF via a deep neural network to increase the computational performance as well as the quality of the motion compensated reconstructions.ResultsUsing simulated data, it could be demonstrated that the Deep PAMoCo is able to remove almost all motion artifacts independent of the contrast, the radius and the motion amplitude of the coronary artery. In any case, the average error of the CT values along the coronary artery is about 25 HU while errors of up to 300 HU can be observed if no correction is applied. Similar results were obtained for clinical cardiac CT scans where the Deep PAMoCo clearly outperforms state‐of‐the‐art coronary artery motion compensation approaches in terms of processing time as well as accuracy.ConclusionsThe Deep PAMoCo provides an efficient approach to increase the diagnostic value of cardiac CT scans even if they are highly corrupted by motion.
Construction and modulation of dual responsive fluorescent aggregates combined with molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Yu Huajie , Sui Pengliang , Ge Shujin , Chang Xiujie , Li Qiuhong , Li Aixiang , Sun Xia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe fluorescent functional material prepared by combining 16‐alkyl (ferrocenyl‐methyl) ammonium bromide (Fc16AB) and dye molecule Congo red (CR) via ionic self‐assembly strategy exhibits double stimuli‐responsive behavior triggered by redox and pH value. Both the fabrication and switching mechanism of aggregates are proposed according to the cooperative binding of noncovalent interactions, including π‐π stacking, electrostatic interactions, charge transfer interaction, and amphiphilic hydrophobic association. The optimal geometry and energy transfer between monomers and aggregate are studied by means of quantum chemistry calculation and wavefunction analysis, which provides a deep and theoretical understanding for formation mechanism of ionic self‐assemblies. Moreover, the fluorescent switching behavior of assemblies upon pH was studied in detail, which opens the new way for the construction of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED).
A corotational mixed flat shell finite element for the efficient geometrically nonlinear analysis of laminated composite structures
Authors: Liguori Francesco S. , Madeo Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA corotational flat shell element for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of laminated composite structures is presented. The element is obtained from the Hellinger–Reissner variational principle with assumed stress and displacement fields. The stress interpolation is derived from the linear elastic solution for symmetric composite materials. The element is isostatic, namely the stress interpolation is ruled by the minimum number of parameters. Displacement and rotation fields are only assumed along the contour of the element. As such, all the operators are efficiently obtained through analytical contour integration. The geometrical nonlinearity is introduced by means of a corotational formulation. The proposed finite element, named MISS‐4c, proves to be locking free and shows no rank defectiveness. A multimodal Koiter's algorithm is used to obtain the initial postbuckling response. Results show good accuracy and high convergence rate in the geometrically nonlinear analysis of composite shell structures.
Comparison study: The effect of unmodified and modified graphene nano‐platelets (GNP) on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance of different types of GNP‐filled materials
Authors: Ka Wei Kam , Leng Teh Pei , Keat Yeoh Cheow , Osman Hakimah , Sullivan Martin , Hong Voon Chun , Ying Lim Bee , Rasidi Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGraphene nano‐platelet (GNP) nano‐fillers were successfully covalently functionalized with carboxylic and epoxide groups as proven by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. This paper reports the effect of unmodified and modified GNP nano‐fillers on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance of GNP‐filled materials. The results show that the mechanical properties of GNP‐filled materials were enhanced with a modified GNP nano‐filler. Among the GNP‐filled materials, the modified epoxy/NR/GNP compatibilized material shows higher flexural and toughness properties. The modified GNP nano‐filler has reduced the thermal stability of the modified compatibilized material. This is because the oxygen‐containing groups (C–O–C and –COOH) on the surfaces of modified GNP nano‐fillers have lower thermal stability; which accelerates the thermal decomposition of the modified material. Modified compatibilized material shows higher electrical conductivity than the unmodified compatibilized material. X‐ray diffraction results proved that d‐spacing of modified GNP nano‐fillers in modified compatibilized material was shortest when compared to unmodified GNP nano‐fillers in unmodified compatibilized material, thus, allowing more electrons to travel at a faster rate through the conductive pathways.
Mental health and health‐related quality of life in preschool‐aged childhood cancer survivors. Results of the prospective cohort study ikidS‐OEVA
Authors: Neu Marie A. , Schlecht Jennifer , Schmidt Martina F. , Robinson Abigale L. , Spix Claudia , Grabow Desiree , Kaatsch Peter , Erdmann Friederike , Faber Jörg , Urschitz Michael S. ,   IkidS Study Group
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesLong‐term survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for sequelae such as poor mental health (MH) or impaired health‐related quality of life (HrQoL). We aimed to evaluate early adverse effects on MH and HrQoL in young childhood cancer survivors (YCCS) before school entry.MethodsIn a nationwide prospective cohort study, children with cancer other than brain tumors diagnosed at preschool age and completed cancer treatments were identified from the German Childhood Cancer Registry. The comparison group was children of the same age without a cancer diagnosis who participated in the prospective population‐based health survey ikidS. MH problems and HrQoL were assessed by parental versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the questionnaire for health‐related quality of life in children (KINDL), respectively. Associations between cancer and MH as well as HrQoL were analyzed by multivariable linear regression.ResultsOf 382 YCCS contacted, 145 were enrolled (mean age 6.6 years) and 124 analyzed. Compared to children without a cancer diagnosis (3683 contacted, 2003 enrolled, 1422 analyzed), YCCS had more MH problems (13% vs. 3%) and slightly worse HrQoL (median 78.7 vs. 80.2 points). In the adjusted analysis, YCCS had higher SDQ scores (2.2 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 3.0) and lower KINDL scores (−2.4 points, 95% CI −3.7, −1.1) compared to children without cancer diagnosis.ConclusionAlready at preschool age, YCCS may be at increased risk of MH problems and impaired HrQoL. This could have impacts on subsequent school performance and educational attainment. Follow‐up health care for YCCS may include early screening for MH problems and reasons for HrQoL deficits.
Validation of coding algorithms for the identification of herpes zoster among children
Authors: Rutstein Beth H. , Gmuca Sabrina , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Lim Tristan , Argraves Melissa , Ogdie Alexis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine the validity of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, (ICD‐10) code‐based algorithms for herpes zoster (HZ) in the electronic medical record (EMR) of a large, integrated pediatric healthcare network and to examine baseline demographics and chronic comorbidities associated with HZ in a representative pediatric population.MethodsWe reviewed the electronic charts of all patients with a single ICD‐10 for HZ (B02.xx) as their primary or secondary diagnosis in the EMR of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) healthcare network from January 2010–March 2019. The positive predictive value (PPV) for a single code for HZ was calculated and alternative algorithms were examined to determine which method resulted in the highest PPV.ResultsThe PPV for a single ICD‐10 code was 91.7% (95% CI 80.8–95.4) for definitive and/or probable cases of HZ and 63.9% (95% CI 53.4%–75.5%) for definitive cases alone. Adding a prescription for an antiviral did not improve the PPV. However, adding a new code for rash entered within 1 week of the HZ code increased the PPV to 100% for definitive and/or probable cases but with substantial loss of sensitivity. A high proportion of children with HZ who required inpatient hospitalization had chronic disease (70%) and were on systemic immunomodulatory therapy (50%).ConclusionsHZ can be identified with a high PPV in electronic medical records of children using ICD‐10 code alone. These findings lay the foundation for future pharmacoepidemiologic research to better understand risk factors for HZ infection.
Registration of GA‐BatSten1 and GA‐MagSten1, two induced allotetraploids derived from peanut wild relatives with superior resistance to leaf spots, rust, and root‐knot nematode
Authors: Bertioli D.J. , Gao D. , Ballen‐Taborda C. , Chu Y. , Ozias‐Akins P. , Jackson S.A. , Holbrook C.C. , Leal‐Bertioli S.C.M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWild relatives of peanut harbor alleles that confer strong resistance to diseases and pests and adaptation to environmental stresses, traits that frequently cannot be found in Arachis hypogaea. However, most wild species are diploid, while cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea L.) is tetraploid. When crossed, they produce sterile progeny, thus hindering their direct use in peanut breeding. To make the alleles of three wild species accessions directly available for breeding, we developed at the University of Georgia two fertile artificially induced allotetraploids (also known as amphidiploids or neotetraploids): GA‐BatSten1 (Reg. no. GP‐239, PI 695418) and GA‐MagSten1 (GP‐240, PI 695417). They derive from crosses between wild diploid species of peanut, A. batizocoi × A. stenosperma, and A. magna × A. stenosperma, respectively. Cuttings from the sterile diploid F1s were treated with colchicine. From some of these cuttings, fertile induced tetraploid seed were produced. These induced tetraploids are compatible with cultivated peanut, carry resistance to early and late leaf spot and root‐knot nematode, and are being used in breeding programs in the United States for the production of resistant cultivars.
Data protection and tech startups: The need for attention, support, and scrutiny
Authors: Norval Chris , Janssen Heleen , Cobbe Jennifer , Singh Jatinder 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThough discussions of data protection have focused on the larger, more established organisations, startups also warrant attention. This is particularly so for tech startups, who are often innovating at the ‘cutting‐edge’—pushing the boundaries of technologies that typically lack established data protection best‐practices. Initial decisions taken by startups could well have long‐term impacts, and their actions may inform (for better or for worse) how particular technologies and the applications they support are implemented, deployed, and perceived for years to come. Ensuring that the innovations and practices of tech startups are sound, appropriate and acceptable should therefore be a high priority. This paper explores the attitudes and preparedness of tech startups to issues of data protection. We interviewed a series of UK‐based emerging tech startups as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into effect, which revealed areas in which there is a disconnect between the approaches of the startups and the nature and requirements of the GDPR. We discuss the misconceptions and associated risks facing innovative tech startups and offer a number of considerations for the firms and supervisory authorities alike. In light of our discussions, and given what is at stake, we argue that more needs to be done to help ensure that emerging technologies and the practices of the companies that operate them better align with the regulatory obligations. We conclude that tech startups warrant increased attention, support, and scrutiny to raise the standard of data protection for the benefit of us all.
Cyclic allylic sulfide based photopolymer for holographic recording showing high refractive index modulation
Authors: Galli Paola , Evans Richard A. , Bertarelli Chiara , Bianco Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development and characterization of a new holographic photopolymer system showing high refractive index modulation (∆n) is presented. It exploits the ring‐opening polymerization reaction of a cyclic allylic sulfide (CAS) monomer, which is dispersed in a cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) polymer matrix together with a blue sensitive radical photoinitiator. Volume Phase Holographic Gratings (VPHGs) obtained using these films show a very good fidelity of the transferred pattern, without deviations from the theoretical curves. A high ∆n is obtained due to the addition to this system of a tetrafunctional thiol crosslinker, which maximizes the material potential (formula limit) of the formulation. It also allows for a thermal post process of the gratings, further enhancing the ∆n. The photopolymer properties are evaluated as function of the monomer and thiol concentration to determine the optimal composition, at which a ∆n greater than 0.03 is obtained. This is a considerably high value in the field of photopolymers for holography and it enables the manufacturing of efficient holograms.
BLB8, an antiviral protein from Brevibacillus laterosporus strain B8, inhibits Tobacco mosaic virus infection by triggering immune response in tobacco
Authors: Li Yanfang , Jiao Yubing , Shi Jia , Xie Jingjing , Yin Jing , Zhao Xiuxiang , Chen Huamin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one of destructive plant viruses, causing serious economic losses in the world. Using antiviral proteins or elicitors to inhibit viral infection or promote plant immunity is one of the efficient strategies against TMV. Our previous study identified that the fermentation broth of Brevibacillus laterosporus strain B8 showed strong antiviral activity against TMV. However, the active antiviral ingredient is still unclear.RESULTSHere, BLB8 (B. laterosporus strain B8 protein, BLB8), an antiviral protein from B. laterosporus strain B8 was isolated and characterized. BLB8 showed protective, inactive and curative effects against TMV, and the inhibition rate reached up to 63%, 83% and 55%, respectively. BLB8 infiltrated around the infection site of the recombinant virus TMV‐GFP inhibited the systemic extend and movement of TMV. Pretreatment of the bottom leaves with BLB8 inhibited the spread and accumulation of TMV in upper systemic leaves. Furthermore, BLB8 caused hypersensitive response (HR) in a dose‐dependent way, promoted H2O2 accumulation, and induced the expression of defense‐relative genes in Nicotiana benthamiana.CONCLUSIONThe antiviral protein BLB8 from B. laterosporus strain B8 effectively inhibits TMV infection in inactivation, protective and curative effects through triggering plant immunity in tobacco. Therefore, the present study provides a new antiviral agent for prevention and control of viral disease. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dasatinib‐induced chylothorax in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hsu Chao‐Chin , Hsu Jui‐Feng , Wu Kuan‐Li 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDasatinib is a potent and effective second‐generation oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is clinically indicated for the treatment of imatinib‐resistant or imatinib‐intolerant breakpoint cluster region‐Abelson (BCR‐ABL)‐positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) or for Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphocytic leukaemia. The most common adverse events associated with dasatinib therapy are skin rash, gastrointestinal upset, pancytopenia, pulmonary hypertension, and fluid retention, including pleural effusion. However, chylothorax secondary to dasatinib administration has rarely been reported. Although the underlying mechanism leading to dasatinib‐induced chylothorax is uncertain, the preferred treatment options are usually supported with diuretics or systemic steroids. Moreover, the discontinuation of the drug is mandatory in refractory cases. Here, we present the case of a patient with dasatinib‐induced chylothorax, and review the previously reported cases in the literature.
“Peanut saves the day”: an innovative solution to massive, cryptogenic haemoptysis—a case study
Authors: Chetana Shanmukhappa Sanjana , Lokeshwaran Srivatsa , Kumar K Sunil , Doraiswamy Prakash 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMassive (or life‐threatening) haemoptysis is a time‐sensitive emergency encountered by a physician that requires an interdisciplinary, collaborative effort to arrest the bleeding in a prompt and timely manner. Placement of an endobronchial Watanabe spigot (EWS) to halt haemoptysis is a relatively recent technique finding its wide application in airway pathology, with the current extension of its use to bronchial bleeding. However, the lack of immediate access to EWS gives rise to the need to innovate with day‐to‐day materials used in routine surgical practice and available in resource‐limited settings, which may serve the purpose of a spigot. In this report, we bring to light a case of life‐threatening, cryptogenic haemoptysis that was managed by a novel technique of using peanut gauze as a spigot resulting in a successful endobronchial tamponade.
Case series analysis of eight underground tunnellers with chronic silicosis in Queensland
Authors: Seevnarain Kalesh , Burke Nicholas , Newbigin Katrina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWithin Australia, chronic silicosis has been long thought of as being a well‐controlled occupational lung disease. While recent cases of acute silicosis in artificial stone benchtop cutters have emerged, chronic silicosis within the general workforce population has not been recorded. Our case series describes the re‐emergence of chronic silicosis amongst workers within the tunnelling industry representing the potential for a more widespread insidious occupational lung disease. While undertaking pre‐employment medicals, eight tunnellers have been diagnosed with chronic silicosis. These eight tunnellers had a minimum of 10 years of cumulative dust exposure prior to diagnosis. Diagnosis was made by radiological evaluation of chest X‐rays and computerized tomography scans by International Labour Organization B Readers. The re‐emergence of chronic pneumoconiosis as illustrated by this case series suggests the presence of undiagnosed occupational lung disease with far reaching implications for workers, employers, compensation systems, and the public healthcare sectors.
Recurrent spindle cell carcinoma of the lung successfully treated by chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Akaba Tomohiro , Shiota Yuno , Onizawa Fumi , Isaka Tamami , Nagashima Yoji , Tagaya Etsuko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is limited evidence for the treatment of sarcomatoid lung carcinoma, especially spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) because of the rarity of disease. Although the efficacy of combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (i.e. chemoimmunotherapy) for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is well recognized, the effect for SpCC is not fully elucidated. A 72‐year‐old woman underwent surgical resection for the treatment of stage IIIA SpCC. Recurrence occurred three months after surgery, and then she received combination of carboplatin, paclitaxel, bevacizumab, and atezolizumab. A clinically favourable response was achieved by four cycles of chemoimmunotherapy and sequential maintenance therapy with bevacizumab and atezolizumab. The prognosis of advanced SpCC is generally poor, but chemoimmunotherapy can be a good therapeutic option for the first‐line treatment of SpCC.