bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Sampling Methods for Small Oxbow wetland Fish Communities
Authors: Osterhaus Dylan M , Leberg Samuel S , Pierce Clay L , Stewart Timothy W , McCombs Audrey 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The value of wetland ecosystems is becoming increasingly recognized, promoting actions needed to preserve and restore them. Post-restoration monitoring is necessary to analyze restoration success or failure, thereby informing subsequent management decisions. Standardized monitoring protocols enable comparison of responses to restoration actions. Within the Midwestern United States, restoration of oxbow wetlands has become the focus of targeted restoration. Management objectives include recovery of biodiversity and sensitive species, and enhanced ecosystem services. The fish communities of oxbows have been the subject of many monitoring studies as endangered Topeka Shiner ( Notropis topeka ) use these habitats for spawning. However, an optimal method for monitoring Topeka Shiner and other fishes in oxbows has not been described, thereby limiting our capacity to effectively manage these ecosystems. With a primary objective of identifying a standardized protocol for sampling fish in oxbow wetlands, we compared efficacy of four sampling methodologies (backpack electrofishing, fyke netting, minnow trapping, and seining) for fish community data collection. Seining and fyke netting were determined to be the most effective methods for sampling oxbow fish communities. Although seining and fyke netting produced similar taxonomic diversity and abundance values, qualitative analysis revealed that seining caused greater habitat disturbance and stress to fish. Therefore, consideration must be given to how species present within the wetland could be impacted by sampling disturbance when choosing between seining and fyke netting.
Derivation and Validation of Urinary TIMP-1 for Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Huang Hui , Lin Qiang , Dai Xiaomei , Chen Jiao , Bai Zhenjiang , Li Xiaozhong , Fang Fang , Li Yanhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Multiple urinary biomarkers have been identified to associate with the prediction of AKI and outcomes. However, the accuracy of these urinary biomarkers for AKI and associated outcomes has not been clearly defined, especially in heterogeneous populations. The aims of the study were to compare the ability of 10 existing or potential urinary biomarkers for prediction of AKI and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality, and identify and validate the best biomarker of urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (uTIMP-1) for early prediction in heterogeneous critically ill children.Methods: A derivation-validation approach with separate critically ill cohorts was designed. We first conducted a prospective cohort study to determine the ability of 10 candidate urinary biomarkers serially measured in 123 children during the first 7 days of PICU stay and identify the best biomarker for predicting AKI and PICU mortality (derivation study). The best biomarker of uTIMP-1 from derivation was validated in a separate cohort of 357 critically ill children (validation study). AKI diagnosis was based on KDIGO classification with serum creatinine and urine output.Results: In the derivation cohort, 17 of 123 (13.8%) children developed AKI stage 3 or died during PICU stay, and both the initial and peak uTIMP-1 displayed the highest AUC of 0.87 (0.79-0.94) and 0.90 (0.84-0.96), respectively, for predicting AKI stage 3 or death. In the validation cohort, 47 of 357 (13.2%) developed AKI during the first week after admission, and 38 (10.6%) died during PICU stay. The initial uTIMP-1 level was validated to be independently associated with AKI (AOR=1.88, P=0.001), severe AKI (AOR=2.35, P<0.001), AKI stage 3 (AOR=2.87, P<0.001) and PICU mortality (AOR=1.92, P=0.019) after adjustment for potential confounders. The predictive values of uTIMP-1 for AKI, severe AKI, AKI stage 3 and PICU mortality were 0.82 (0.75-0.88), 0.84 (95%CI 0.77-0.91), 0.87 (0.81-0.94) and 0.83 (0.76-0.89), respectively.Conclusions: Urinary TIMP-1 level has been identified and validated to be independently associated with AKI and PICU mortality in independent prospective cohorts, and may be an early potential indicator of AKI and PICU mortality in critically ill children.
Magnitude of Preterm Birth Admission, Immediate Outcomes and Their Predictors in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, North West, Ethiopia.
Authors: Assefa Birtukan , Abate Abebe , Yirga Tadesse 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Each year 15 million preterm babies are born. Pre-term birth complications account for 35% of the estimated 3.1 million global neonatal deaths and are the second leading cause of death in children less than 5 years aged.Objective: we assessed the magnitude of preterm birth admissions, immediate outcomes and their predictors in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, North West, Ethiopia, 2019. Methodology: An institutional based retrospective cross- sectional study design was conducted among 212 neonates registered from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2019. Data was entered using Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressional analysis were done. Variables with p value <0.05 in multivariate analysis were declared as statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Out of 212 neonates involved in the study, 27.8% were preterm birth admissions. From this 36.3% of neonates was died before discharge. In the final multivariate analysis hypertension during pregnancy was significantly associated for preterm admissions (P= 0.013, AOR= 4.464, 95% CI: (1.375, 14.498)) and being extreme low and very low birth weight (P= 0.005, AOR= 2.107, 95% CI: (0.023, 0.508)) and those with low APGAR score (P= 0.016, AOR= 3.113, 95% CI: (0.019, 0.669)) was significantly associated with death before discharge. Conclusion: Preterm admissions accounted for a significant percentage of neonatal admissions with significant death outcomes. Maternal medical problems like hypertension during pregnancy, premature rupture of membrane had significant association for preterm admissions. Also, being extreme low weight and very low weight baby, low APGAR score had significant association with death outcome of preterm neonates. Therefor, strategies should be designed to prevent preterm birth and their complications. Special attention should be given for pregnant mothers having medical problems especially hypertension. Furthermore, health institutions should have organised ANC follow up for regular screening of pregnant mothers for medical and obstetric complications.
Satisfaction of Township Hospitals Health Workers on Performance-based Salary in China
Authors: Yuan Beibei , Zhao Xuan , Yu Yahang , Zhang Hongni , Li Huiwen , Kong Chen , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Township hospitals (THs) are crucial primary health care providers in China health delivery system. Low job satisfaction of THs health workers has been one of biggest challenges to strengthening the primary health system in China. Even huge amount of studies confirming THs health workers ranked low remuneration level as one most important demotivating factor, few published studies explored the feelings of health workers on existing payment method design -- a kind of Performance-based Salary System. Objective: To analyze how key design of PBS influences the satisfaction of health workers with the intention to provide policy suggestions on how to improve the design of PBS, the motivation and performance of health workers in primary healthcare facilities. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 47 THs in Shandong China. A total of 1,136 PCPs were recruited in the quantitative analyses. Expectancy theory was applied to design the measurements on designs of PBS. We analyzed the associations between PBS design and satisfaction of health workers using logistic regression. Results: The three key components of PBS design were all related to the satisfaction status of health workers. Those health workers were aware of assessment methods were more likely to be satisfied with how they were paid (OR=2.44, p<0.001) compared with those being not aware of the assessment criteria and targets. The knowledge on personal performance was also associated with being satisfied with the payment methods (OR=3.34, p<0.001). The percentage of floating income in total income was negatively associated with the satisfaction, and one percentage point increase in floating income proportion could result in the possibility of feeling satisfaction decreased by 2.82% (95%CI -4.9 to -0.7, p=0.01). And when we grouped the health workers based on their value on monetary rewards, we found that only in those with lower value on monetary income, the negative influence of more floating income was significant. Conclusions: When policymakers or managers tried to apply the performance-related payment methods to incentivise certain work behavior, they should pay attention to some design details, including keeping transparency in the performance assessment criteria, clear performance feedback each health worker, and setting the proportion of performance-related income based on the preference of health workers in certain cultural setting.
National Pharmacy Associations in the Commonwealth -current scenario and future needs to maximise effective contributions of the pharmacy profession towards Universal health coverage
Authors: Iqbal Ayesha , Rutter Victoria , Gülpınar Gizem , Halai Manjula , Awele Briella , Elshenawy Rasha Abdelsalam , Anderson Claire , Hussain Rabia , Chan Amy Hai Yan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The Commonwealth Pharmacists Association (CPA) is a charity representing pharmacists across the Commonwealth, with the vision of empowering and collaboratively develop the profession and fully utilise the potential of pharmacists to strengthen health systems through supporting better access to, quality and use of medicines and related services. Commonwealth comprises predominantly of low and middle-income countries where limited data often exists in pharmacy practice. There is a recognised need across the Commonwealth to focus on developing, implementing and fully utilising pharmacy professional services to progress universal health coverage and achieve the sustainable development goals, particularly in low and middle-income countries; however, currently a knowledge gap exists in understanding the national priorities in Commonwealth nations. CPA is ideally positioned to access to these nations. The aim of this study was thus to explore the priorities and focus areas of NPAs across the Commonwealth and create evidence for a needs-based approach to inform the support that the Commonwealth pharmacists association can collaboratively and strategically provide to its members to progress towards shared goals.Methods: Data was collected virtually on Zoom by conducting interviews using a semi-structured interview guide developed for this study with CPA councillors representing NPAs or their equivalents if no official body existed. An inductive, reflexive, thematic analysis was performed for data analysis. Results: In total, 30 councillors were interviewed from 30 low- and medium-income countries. The three main overarching priority areas identified across respective Commonwealth nations developing extended pharmacy services, improving pharmacy education, and developing and redefining the role of NPAs.Conclusions: This novel study highlights the collective priorities for the pharmacy profession across the low and middle-income countries of the Commonwealth and the urgent need for supporting NPAs around the three identified overarching priority areas. The mapped-out priorities will inform an evidence-based approach for the CPA to better support NPAs in their mission through advocacy and practitioner development, to fully harness pharmacists’ unique skill set and maximise their contribution to progressing universal health coverage.
The Economic Impact of Compassionate Use of Medicines
Authors: Jommi Claudio , Pantellini Federico , Stagi Lisa , Verykiou Maria , Cavazza Marianna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Compassionate use programs (CUP) for medicines respond to the ethical imperative of providing earlier access to medicines to patients not recruited in trials. While the economic impact of clinical trials has been already investigated, no evidence on the net economic benefit of CUP exists. This research aims to fill the information gap by estimating the economic consequences of 11 CUP in Italy conducted between May 2015 and December 2020 from the perspective of health care payers. Eight programs concern cancer treatments, two refer to drugs for spinal muscular atrophy, and one is indicated for multiple sclerosis.METHODS: The net economic benefit includes the avoided costs from the Standard of Care (SoC) the patients would have received if they had not joined the CUP, and costs not covered by the pharmaceutical industry but instead sustained by payers, such as those associated to adverse events (only severe sides effects resulting in hospitalisation and attributed to CUP medicines), and costs for combination therapies and diagnostic procedures not used with the SoC. The SoC costing relied on publicly available data. Information on adverse events and diagnostic procedures was retrieved from the CUP and monetized using the relevant fee for episode or service. One CUP was excluded since a SoC was not identified.RESULTS: 2,712 patients were treated in the 11 CUP, where SoC was identified. The SoC mean cost per patient ranges from €11,415 to €20,299. The total cost of the SoC ranged between €31.0 and €55.1 million. The mean cost per patient covered by hospitals hosting CUP was equal to €1,646, with a total cost of €4.5 million. The net economic benefit ranged from €26.5 million to €50.6 million (€17.8 million - €42.0 million for cancer treatments). CONCLUSIONS: Despite research limitations, this paper illustrates for the first time the net economic impact of CUP in oncology patients from a payer perspective. It is important to integrate these estimates with the prospective effects of CUP implementation, i.e., the economic value of the comparative benefit profile of medicines used in CUP versus the SoC, including effects from a societal perspective.
Metformin Collaborates With PINK1/Mfn2 Overexpression Prevented Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury By Improving Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Liu Zuheng , Xue Yuting , Zhang Hao , Xiong Wenjun , Zhou Haobin , Zeng Qingchun , Ren Hao , Xu Dingli 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Both mitochondrial quality control and energy metabolism are critical in maintaining the physiological function of cardiomyocytes. Previous studies indicated that PGC-1α is a transcription co-activator in promoting mitochondrial energy metabolism which would be beneficial for cardiomyocytes. However, PGC-1α overexpression in heart tissues could also result in the development of cardiomyopathy. This discrepancy in vivo and in vitro might be due to neglecting the elimination of damaged mitochondrial. Thus, an integration strategy of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy might be beneficial.Methods: We studied the function of PINK1 in mitophagy in isoproterenol (Iso)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Adenovirus was used to provoke an overexpression of the PINK1/Mfn2 protein. Mitochondrial morphology was examined via electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Cardiomyocytes injury were measured by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Metformin was used to increase mitochondrial biogenesis, the level of which was detected via immunoblotting. Additionally, mitochondrial respiratory function was measured by ATP production and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Results: Cardiomyocytes treated with Iso had high levels of PINK1 and low levels of Mfn2 in a time-dependent manner. PINK1 overexpression promoted mitophagy, alleviated Iso-induced reduction in MMP, reduced ROS production and the apoptotic rate. In addition to increasing mitophagy, metformin could promote mitochondrial biogenensis and the overexpression of Mfn2 induce mitochondrial fusion. Moreover, metformin treatment and PINK1/Mfn2 overexpression reduced the mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting the generation of ROS, and leading to an increase in both ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential in Iso-induced cardiomyocytes injury. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a combination strategy may help ameliorate myocardial injury through mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis.
Contemporary Integrated Community Planning – Mixed-age, Sustainability, and Disaster Resilient Approaches
Authors: Wang Jieh-Jiuh , Tsai Ning-Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, conventional concepts of social reform planning for sustainable, secure, and disaster-resilient communities have continuously driven the thought and practice of community planning and management; furthermore, environmental safety has become the common foundation of these visionary community models. Additionally, low birth rates and aging populations have become common social problems in numerous developed countries. This study integrated the design and planning of sustainable, disaster-resilient, and intergenerational collective communities to develop factors and models of an intergenerational community. Moreover, this study constructed evaluation indicators for intergenerational communities under a safety basis, which were used as the foundation for planning and designing strategies.
Unexpected Systolic Murmur in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant Undergoing Insulin Therapy
Authors: Salvatori Guglielmo , Brindisi Giulia , Colantonio Mario , Zicari Anna Maria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in newborns is a rare and pathological condition with heterogeneous etiologies. Among all the different causes of HCM, hyperinsulinism is not generally reported but the relationship between hyperinsulinism and cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is known. Case presentation We report the case of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) in an Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) infant who underwent insulin therapy after the onset of a persistent hyperglycemia due to parenteral nutrition (PN); the finding supports the hypothesis of a newborn’s iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia in cardiac involvement. Despite the effects of hyperglycemia on myocardial cells are well known and infants of diabetic mother may develop cardiac malformations, the consequences of an early administration of insulin in preterm infants have never been fully clarified and are often underestimated. The present case underlines the importance of a close cardiological follow-up in infants undergoing insulin infusion for an alteration in the glucose metabolism PN-related, that is a common finding in preterm infants. Conclusion: This case report, also considering the scientific literature, reiterates the importance of taking into account hyperinsulinism in the differential diagnosis of cardiac hypertrophy.
Role of LncRNA H19/miR-93-5p/Orai1 axis in the regulation of human bronchial smooth muscle cell functions and airway remodeling in murine models of asthma
Authors: Xiang Lin-Li , Wan Qian-qian , Wang Yi-min , He Shao-jun , Xu Wen-juan , GAO Ya-dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Type 2 cytokine Interleukin (IL)-13 regulates airway remodeling in asthma by acting on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in airway smooth muscle cells. The underlying mechanisms of this regulating effect of IL-13 are not fully understood.
Methods

Bioinformatic analysis identified interactions of microRNA 93-5p with Orai1, the pore-forming molecule of SOCE, and long non-coding RNA H19 respectively. We investigated the role of H19/miR-93-5p/Orai1 axis in the regulation of proliferation and migration of in vitro cultured human bronchial smooth muscle cells (hBSMCs) induced by IL-13. Functional relevance of H19 in airway inflammation and airway remodeling was investigated in acute and chronic murine models of asthma.
Results

IL-13 dose-dependently increased the expression of H19 and Orai1 and decreased the expression of miR-93-5p in hBSMCs; H19 siRNA reversed IL-13-induced miR-93-5p and Orai1 expression, and the proliferation and migration of hBSMCs. IL-13-promoted expression of H19 and Orai1 was reduced by miR-93-5p mimic and enhanced by miR-93-5p inhibitor. IL-13-promoted hBSMCs proliferation was enhanced by miR-93-5p inhibitor but not changed by miR-93-5p mimic; whereas IL-13-promoted hBSMCs migration was enhanced by miR-93-5p inhibitor and reduced by miR-93-5p mimic. MiR-93-5p mimic enhanced the inhibiting effect of H19 siRNA on IL-13-induced Orai1 mRNA expression, whereas miR-93-5p inhibitor reversed the inhibiting effects of H19 siRNA on IL-13-induced H19 and Orai1 mRNA and protein expression. The inhibiting effect of H19 siRNA on IL-13-induced hBSMCs proliferation and migration was reversed by miR-93-5p inhibitor but not changed by miR-935p mimic. In the lungs of both asthma mice models, the expression of H19 and Orai1 was higher than in control mice. In acute asthma mice, H19 siRNA reduced Orai1 expression, inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs, and IL-13 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In chronic asthma mice, H19 siRNA reduced Orai1 expression, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition and smooth muscle mass in the lungs, as well as IL-13 levels in the BALF.
Conclusion

IL-13 increases the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells by acting on H19/miR-93-5p/Orai1 axis, which also regulates airway inflammation and airway remodeling in murine models of asthma.
New Insight into Dynamic Mechanical Relaxation in N-butyl-N-(2-nitroxy-ethyl) Nitramine Plasticized Nitrocellulose through Molecular Dynamic Simulations
Authors: Qi Xiaofei , yan ning , Li Hongyan , Zhao Yu , Liu Peijin , Yan Qilong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We performed dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) on nitrocellulose (NC) plasticized by an insensitive plasticizer N-butyl-N-(2-nitroxy-ethyl)nitramine (Bu-NENA). NC/Bu-NENA blend shows two mechanical relaxation processes in the temperature ranges of -50~-40oC and 30~40oC, and their variations with deformation frequencies were studied. To explore further the effect of temperature on relaxation, the binary mixture model of NC/Bu-NENA was constructed, and molecular dynamic simulations were conducted. The simulated mean square displacements (MSD) show abrupt increase in the temperature range of -50~-40oC and 30~40oC, which are consistent with those of the two relaxation processes observed in the DMA curves. Moreover, the free volume (Vfree) and torsion energy obtained from molecular dynamic simulations exhibit distinct increase at the temperature above 30oC and -50oC respectively, reflecting the sudden enhancements on the mobility of polymer chain elements and the rotation of molecular bonds. Furthermore, the radial distribution function (RDF) associated with the intermolecular interactions reveals that the intensities of both hydrogen bond and van-der-vaals forces decrease with the increase of temperature, which is responsible for the decrease of storage modulus at high temperature. These computational and experimental studies reveal guidance to strengthening the NC base propellants in broad temperature range.