bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing crystallinity in solid polymer electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries via statistical copolymerization
Authors: St-Onge Vincent , Cui Mengyang , Rochon Sylviane , Daigle Jean-Christophe , Claverie Jerome P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe discovery that polyethylene oxide promotes ionic conductivity led to the development of solid polymer electrolytes. However, their conductivity is severely reduced by crystallinity. Here, statistical copolymerization is used to design macromolecular architectures where crystallinity is disrupted by a minimal amount of non-ethylene oxide comonomer units. Using the Flory exclusion model, we demonstrate that polymers containing 18 mol% comonomer and 18 wt% LiTFSI are devoid of crystallinity. A 10 mol% comonomer content is sufficient to reach a conductivity of 0.3 × 10−4 S cm−1at 25 °C. The Li+transference number is 0.6, indicating that the comonomer units not only limit the crystallinity but also weaken the strength of the Li+coordination to the polymer. The resulting solid polymer electrolyte is effective in an all-solid LFP|Li-metal battery operating at 25 °C, demonstrating that statistical copolymerization is an efficient tool for polymer electrolyte design.
MalDroid: Secure DL‐enabled intelligent malware detection framework
Authors: Haq Ikram Ul , Khan Tamim Ahmed , Akhunzada Adnan , Liu Xuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNowadays, smartphones are provided with an abundance of capabilities. During the last decade, the availability of smartphone users and online mobile payment services and applications have substantially grown. Besides, the Android infotainment market is exponentially growing and thus potentially becoming a primary target for cyber adversaries and attackers. Likewise, varied Android vulnerability exploitation and targeted pervasive malware sophisticated attacks are also becoming a hot spot for both industry and academia. The authors present a secure by design efficient and intelligent Android detection framework against prevalent, sophisticated and persistent malware threats and attacks. A novel and highly proficient Cuda‐enabled multi‐class malware threat detection and identification Deep Learning (DL)‐driven mechanism that leverages ConvLSTM2D and CNN has been proposed. The devised approach has been extensively evaluated on publicly available state‐of‐the‐art datasets of Android applications (i.e. Android Malware Dataset (AMD), Androzoo). Standard and extended assessment metrics have been employed to thoroughly evaluate the proposed technique. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm has been verified both with the constructed hybrid DL‐driven algorithms and current benchmarks. Additionally, the proposed scheme is cross validated to explicitly show unbiased results.
Strategic PMU placement to alleviate power system vulnerability against cyber attacks
Authors: Khare Gaurav , Mohapatra Abheejeet , Singh Sri Niwas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA strategic phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement scheme is proposed in this work to reduce the cyber vulnerability of the power system against cyber attacks. A multi‐stage PMU placement strategy is developed to alleviate the power system vulnerability against the possible false data injection attacks using the forward dynamic programming to distribute the capital cost of PMUs over a time horizon. An index is also proposed to quantify the vulnerability of the nodes of a grid against false data injection attacks. This index is useful in selecting the optimal set of candidate buses for PMUs placement and prioritising the candidate buses for PMUs placement in a specific deployment stage. The proposed scheme will also ensure the critical observability of the grid in its first stage and increment in observability levels in subsequent stages. Simulation results are provided for IEEE 14‐bus, IEEE 39‐bus, and IEEE 118‐bus test systems, considering the impact of zero injection buses (ZIBs) on optimisation process, to justify the effectiveness of the proposed index and PMUs placement approach.
Generation of mean flows in rotating anisotropic turbulence: The case of solar near-surface shear layer
Authors: Barekat A. , Käpylä M. J. , Käpylä P. J. , Gilson E. P. , Ji H. 
Published: August 2021

Context.Results from helioseismology indicate that the radial gradient of the rotation rate in the near-surface shear layer (NSSL) of the Sun is independent of latitude and radius. Theoretical models using the mean-field approach have been successful in explaining this property of the NSSL, while global direct or large-eddy magnetoconvection models have so far been unable to reproduce this.Aims.We investigate the reason for this discrepancy by measuring the mean flows, Reynolds stress, and turbulent transport coefficients under conditions mimicking those in the solar NSSL.Methods.Simulations with as few ingredients as possible to generate mean flows were studied. These ingredients are inhomogeneity due to boundaries, anisotropic turbulence, and rotation. The parameters of the simulations were chosen such that they matched the weakly rotationally constrained NSSL. The simulations probe locally Cartesian patches of the star at a given depth and latitude. The depth of the patch was varied by changing the rotation rate such that the resulting Coriolis numbers covered the same range as in the NSSL. We measured the turbulent transport coefficient relevant for the nondiffusive (Λ-effect) and diffusive (turbulent viscosity) parts of the Reynolds stress and compared them with predictions of current mean-field theories.Results.A negative radial gradient of the mean flow is generated only at the equator where meridional flows are absent. At other latitudes, the meridional flow is comparable to the mean flow corresponding to differential rotation. We also find that the meridional components of the Reynolds stress cannot be ignored. Additionally, we find that the turbulent viscosity is quenched by rotation by about 50% from the surface to the bottom of the NSSL.Conclusions.Our local simulations do not validate the explanation for the generation of the NSSL from mean-field theory where meridional flows and stresses are neglected. However, the rotational dependence of the turbulent viscosity in our simulations agrees well with theoretical predictions. Moreover, our results agree qualitatively with global convection simulations in that an NSSL can only be obtained near the equator.
Follow-up of non-transiting planets detected by Kepler
Authors: Lillo-Box J. , Millholland S. , Laughlin G. 
Published: August 2021

Context. The direct detection of new extrasolar planets from high-precision photometry data is commonly based on the observation of the transit signal of the planet as it passes in front of its star. Close-in planets, however, leave additional imprints in the light curve even if they do not transit. These are the so-called phase curve variations that include ellipsoidal, reflection and beaming effects.
Aims. In a previous paper, we scrutinized the Kepler database looking for these phase variations from non-transiting planets. They found 60 candidates whose signals were compatible with planetary companions. In this paper, we perform a ground-based follow-up of a subsample of these systems with the aim of confirming and characterizing these planets and thus validating the detection technique.
Methods. We used the CAFE and HERMES instruments to monitor the radial velocity (RV) of ten non-transiting planet candidates along their orbits. We additionally used AstraLux to obtain high-resolution images of some of these candidates to discard blended binaries that contaminate the Kepler light curves by mimicking planetary signals.
Results. Among the ten systems, we confirm three new hot-Jupiters (KIC 8121913 b, KIC 10068024 b, and KIC 5479689 b) with masses in the range 0.5–2 MJup and set mass constraints within the planetary regime for the other three candidates (KIC 8026887 b, KIC 5878307 b, and KIC 11362225 b), thus strongly suggestive of their planetary nature.
Conclusions. For the first time, we validate the technique of detecting non-transiting planets via their phase curve variations. We present the new planetary systems and their properties. We find good agreement between the RV-derived masses and the photometric masses in all cases except KIC 8121913 b, which shows a significantly lower mass derived from the ellipsoidal modulations than from beaming and RV data.
Cardiovascular Effects Induced by Fruit Peels from Passiflora edulis in Hypertensive Rats and Fingerprint Analysis by HPLC-ESI-MSn spectrometry
Authors: Cabral Bárbara , Gonçalves Tays Amanda Felisberto , Abreu Lucas Silva , Andrade Anderson Wilbur Lopes , de Azevedo Fátima de Lourdes Assunção Araújo , de Castro Francker Duarte , Tavares Josean Fechine , Guerra Gerlane Coelho Bernardo , de Rezende Adriana Augusto , de Medeiros Isac Almeida , Zucolotto Silvana Maria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHypertension is a chronic disease and a global health problem. Due to its high prevalence, it constitutes the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Fruit peels from Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa are rich in bioactive natural compounds that may have action in hypertension. This study aimed to perform a fingerprinting analysis of Passiflora edulis fruit peel extract and evaluate its actions on the cardiovascular system in an in vivo model. The extract was obtained from the dried and powdered fruit peels of Passiflora edulis. Glycoside flavonoids were identified in the extract by HPLC-ESI-MSn. The extract showed a significant hypotensive effect after 28 days of treatment and improved vascular function in the mesenteric artery. This effect was verified by decreased vascular hypercontractility and increased vasorelaxant in response to sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine. There was also a decrease in
endothelial dysfunction, which can be attributed to nitric oxideʼs increased bioavailability. Thus, we hypothesize that all these effects contributed to a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, leading to a significant hypotensive effect. These results are novel for fruit peels from P. edulis. Also, there was a decrease in plasma and cardiac malondialdehyde levels and an increase in glutathione, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress, as well as an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 in the plasma. This study demonstrated that the extract can be a new source of raw material to be applied as food or medicine adjuvant for treating hypertension.
COVID-19-assoziierte Koagulopathie
Authors: Nopp Stephan , Ay Cihan 
Published: August 2021

Was ist neu?
Häufigkeit thrombotischer Ereignisse COVID-19 ist deutlich mit einem erhöhten Thromboserisiko assoziiert. 5–11 % der PatientInnen auf Normalstationen und 18–28 % der intensivpflichtigen PatientInnen entwickeln eine venöse Thromboembolie. Auch das Risiko für arterielle thromboembolische Ereignisse ist erhöht: ungefähr 3 % der COVID-19-PatientInnen auf einer Intensivstation erleiden einen Herzinfarkt, Schlaganfall oder eine systemische Embolie. Zusätzlich zum prothrombotischen Zustandsbild ist auch das Blutungsrisiko erhöht (3,9 % bei hospitalisierten PatientInnen). Für ambulant betreute oder bereits wieder entlassene PatientInnen dürfte das Thromboserisiko gering sein.
Pathomechanismus: Koagulopathie Bei COVID-19 besteht ein prothrombotisches Zustandsbild, hervorgerufen durch ein Zusammenspiel aus Infektionserreger, Inflammation und dem Gerinnungssystem. Die sich potenzierenden Effekte verursachen eine Endothelaktivierung, die Ausschüttung proinflammatorischer Zytokine und eine Kettenreaktion im Gerinnungssystem. Laborchemisch imponieren bei der COVID-19-assoziierten Koagulopathie ein stark erhöhtes D-Dimer, hohes Fibrinogen, eine verlängerte Prothrombinzeit sowie eine verminderte Thrombozytenanzahl. Das überproportional hohe Auftreten von Lungenembolien lässt eine teilweise pulmonale Thrombenentstehung vermuten, welche auf Basis der entkoppelten Inflammation entsteht. Die Aktivierung des Gerinnungssystems durch COVID-19 kann sich auch prognostisch zunutze gemacht werden, um Morbidität und Letalität anhand von Gerinnungsparametern abzuschätzen.
Therapie und Thromboseprophylaxe Aufgrund des hohen thrombotischen Risikos ist eine prophylaktische Antikoagulation, bevorzugt mit niedermolekularem Heparin, bei allen hospitalisierten PatientInnen indiziert. Lediglich über die Dosierung herrscht Unklarheit. Neue randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien zeigen erste Signale: eine therapeutische oder intermediäre Antikoagulation scheint keinen Vorteil gegenüber einer Standardprophylaxe für intensivpflichtige PatientInnen zu bringen. Es ist jedoch möglich, dass eine therapeutische Dosierung, eingesetzt auf Normalstationen bei PatientInnen mit (noch) moderatem Verlauf, zu einem besseren Outcome führt. Für ambulant betreute oder bereits entlassene PatientInnen ist die Evidenz nach wie vor gering. In beiden Fällen ist keine routinemäßige Antikoagulation empfohlen. Bei niedrigem Blutungsrisiko kann jedoch eine Thromboseprophylaxe erwogen werden.
Eine Kurzversion des Fragebogens zur Beurteilung des eigenen Körpers (FBeK): Ergebnisse aus klinischen und bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichproben
Authors: Schmalbach Bjarne , Altmann Uwe , Peitsch-Vuorilehto Helena , Brähler Elmar , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Ziel der Studie war die Entwicklung und Evaluation einer 9 Item- Kurzversion des Fragebogens zur Beurteilung des eigenen Körpers (FBeK-9).Methode Auf der Basis einer Repräsentativerhebung aus dem Jahr 1996 wurde zunächst ein 15-Item_Version des FBeK erstellt, die in einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichprobe (N=2510) und in drei klinischen Gruppen, nämlich Patienten mit depressiven Störungen (N=106), Patienten mit Essstörungen (N=107) und Patienten mit Schmerzstörungen (N=90) überprüft wurde. Weiterhin wurden depressive Symptome, Angstsymptome und Schmerzbeeinträchtigung mit Selbst-Ratings (PHQ-9, PHQ-4, PDI) erhoben. Die Auswahl der Items und Evaluation der Faktorenstruktur erfolgte mit explorativen und konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen (EFA und CFA) und führte zur Entwicklung des FBeK-9 als neue Kurzform. Für Geschlecht, Altersgruppen und Störungsgruppe wurden die drei FBeK-9 Skalen auf Messinvarianz getestet. Schließlich wurden die konvergente Validität untersucht und Normwerte berechnet.Ergebnisse Die Modelle der konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse wiesen in allen vier Stichproben akzeptable Fitindizes auf ((CFI) =0,982,(ω ) =0,020). Die Skalen „Unsicherheit/ Missempfinden“, „Attraktivität/Selbstvertrauen“ sowie „Akzentuierung des Körpers/Sensibilität“ hatten eine akzeptable Reliabilität (ω=0,707) und korrelierten in erwarteter Weise mit depressiven Symptomen, Angstsymptomen und Schmerzbeeinträchtigung. Auch zeigten sich erwartungskonforme Mittelwertunterschiede beim Vergleich der vier Stichproben. Messinvarianz wurde für Alter und Geschlecht gezeigt.SchlussfolgerungAuch die Kurzform des FBeK, der FBeK-9 stellt ein reliables, valides und effizientes Instrument dar, welches in klinischen und nicht-klinischen Stichproben zur Untersuchung des subjektiven Körpererlebens eingesetzt werden kann. Für die Kurzform sind noch weitere Prüfungen der Validität notwendig.
Decreased Native T1 Values and Impaired Myocardial Contractility in Anabolic Steroid Users
Authors: de Souza Francis Ribeiro , dos Santos Marcelo Rodrigues , Rochitte Carlos Eduardo , dos Santos Rafael Parenquine , Jordão Camila Paixão , Leite Ivanhoe Stuart , da Fonseca Guilherme Wesley Peixoto , Fonseca Rafael Almeida , de Oliveira Tiago Franco , Yonamine Maurício , Pereira Rosa Maria Rodrigues , Negrão Carlos Eduardo , Alves de Nazaré Nunes Maria Janieire 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse leads to myocardial toxicity. Human studies are conflicting about the myocardial fibrosis in AAS users. We evaluated cardiac tissue characterization, left ventricle (LV) function, and cardiac structure by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Twenty strength-trained AAS users (AASU) aged 29±5 yr, 20 strength-trained AAS nonusers (AASNU), and 7 sedentary controls (SC) were enrolled. Native T1 mapping, late-gadolinium enhancement (LGE), extracellular volume (ECV), and myocardial strain were evaluated. AASU showed lower Native T1 values than AASNU (888±162 vs. 1020±179 ms p=0.047). Focal myocardial fibrosis was found in 2 AASU. AASU showed lower LV radial strain (30±8 vs. 38±6%, p<0.01), LV circumferential strain (–17±3 vs. −20±2%, p<0.01), and LV global longitudinal strain (–17±3 vs. –20±3%, p<0.01) than AASNU by CMR. By echocardiography, AASU demonstrated lower 4-chamber longitudinal strain than AASNU (–15±g3 vs. –18±2%, p=0.03). ECV was similar among AASU, AASNU, and SC (28±10 vs. 28±7 vs. 30±7%, p=0.93). AASU had higher LV mass index than AASNU and SC (85±14 vs. 64±8 vs. 58±5 g/m2, respectively, p<0.01). AAS abuse may be linked to decreased myocardial native T1 values, impaired myocardial contractility, and focal fibrosis. These alterations may be associated with maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy in young AAS users.
Functional Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Lovelock Thomas , Claydon Matthew , Dean Anastasia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPopliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome (PAES) is an uncommon syndrome that predominantly affects young athletes. Functional PAES is a subtype of PAES without anatomic entrapment of the popliteal artery. Patients with functional PAES tend to be younger and more active than typical PAES patients. A number of differential diagnoses exist, the most common of which is chronic exertional compartment syndrome. There is no consensus regarding choice of investigation for these patients. However, exercise ankle-brachial indices and magnetic resonance imaging are less invasive alternatives to digital subtraction angiography. Patients with typical symptoms that are severe and repetitive should be considered for intervention. Surgical intervention consists of release of the popliteal artery, either via a posterior or medial approach. The Turnipseed procedure involves a medial approach with a concomitant release of the medial gastrocnemius and soleal fascia, the medial tibial attachments of the soleus and excision of the proximal third of the plantaris muscle. Injection of botulinum A toxin under electromyographic guidance has recently shown promise as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention in small case series. This review provides relevant information for the clinician investigating and managing patients with functional PAES.
Natural Products as a Source of Inspiration for Novel Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) Formation
Authors: Velichkova Stefaniya , Foubert Kenn , Pieters Luc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtein glycation, a post-translational modification found in biological systems, is often associated with a core defect in glucose metabolism. In particular, advanced glycation endproducts are complex heterogeneous sugar-derived protein modifications implicated in the progression of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetic complications, skin diseases, rheumatism, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. Undoubtedly, there is the need to expand the knowledge about antiglycation agents that can offer a therapeutic approach in preventing and treating health issues of high social and economic importance. Although various compounds have been under consideration, little data from clinical trials are available, and there is a lack of approved and registered antiglycation agents. Next to the search for novel synthetic advanced glycation endproduct inhibitors, more and more the efforts of scientists are focusing on researching antiglycation compounds from
natural origin. The main purpose of this review is to provide a thorough overview of the state of scientific knowledge in the field of natural products from plant origin (e.g., extracts and pure compounds) as inhibitors of advanced glycation endproduct formation in the period between 1990 and 2019. Moreover, the objectives of the summary also include basic chemistry of AGEs formation and classification, pathophysiological significance of AGEs, mechanisms for inhibiting AGEs formation, and examples of several synthetic anti-AGEs drugs.
Die COVID-19-Pandemie als Chance für Teletherapie? –
Eine Umfrage bei Vertreter*innen von
Gesundheitsfachberufen
Authors: Richter Birte , Wattenberg Ivonne , Vollmer Anna-Lisa , Hornberg Claudia , Wrede Britta , Lätzsch Rebecca 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war die Bereitstellung von Ergebnissen zur
Nutzung von Teletherapie während der Corona-Pandemie durch
Vertreter*innen von drei Gesundheitsfachberufen.
Methoden Im Rahmen einer fragebogengestützten Online-Erhebung
wurden 282 Beschäftigte der Ergotherapie, Physiotherapie und
Sprachtherapie/Logopädie zu Nutzungsverhalten,
Herausforderungen, Potentialen und Rahmenbedingungen von Teletherapie
befragt.
Ergebnisse Insbesondere Ergotherapeut*innen und
Logopäd*innen nutzen die Therapieform. Teletherapie bietet aus
Sicht der Befragten auch unabhängig von der Corona-Pandemie Potenzial
als alternative Therapieform. Allerdings ist der Bedarf an
Unterstützungsangeboten und Schulungen im Bereich der Teletherapie
groß.
Schlussfolgerung Für eine langfristige Etablierung der
Therapieform sind neben technischen Anforderungen und Schulungsangeboten
insbesondere Klärungen zu zukünftigen
Abrechnungsformalitäten nötig.
The Correlation of Lung Function Parameters, Blood Pressure and Beta-Blocker Medication in a General Population
Authors: Schäper Christoph , Ittermann Till , Gläser Sven , Dörr Marcus , Völzke Henry , Stubbe Beate , Felix Stephan B. , Ewert Ralf , Bollmann Tom 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives Prior studies have investigated possible links between blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, especially beta-blockers and impairment of lung function. The aim of our study was to investigate an association between blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, focusing on beta-blockers, and its influence on lung function parameters in our adult population.
Methods From the two analysed cohorts of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1 and SHIP-TREND), pooled data for interview-based information, lung function variables including bodyplethysmography and blood pressure variables were used to perform adjusted linear regression analyses. Association analyses were conducted for the pooled population.
Results Within the whole pooled population we found some minor statistically significant interrelations in the multivariate analyses for blood pressure and lung function parameters. Statistical correlation between lung function and blood pressure were significant but too weak to be deemed clinically relevant.We also found interrelations between lung function and use of beta-blocker medication. Within the subgroup of individuals with antihypertensive medication containing beta-blockers compared to the reference group we found lower dynamic and static volumes e. g. for FEV1 (–70 ml), FVC (–90 ml), a reduction of TLC (–130 ml) and ITGV (–100 ml), however we did not find an increase in airway resistance (Rtot).
Conclusion Based on the data of SHIP-1 and SHIP TREND our results confirm a minor association between blood pressure and lung function. More importantly, we have seen a significant decrease of lung volumes for hypertensive patients with beta- blocker medication as described in literature before. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to examine the interrelation between blood pressure, medication and lung function in an epidemiological study using data of spirometry, body plethysmography and CO transfer.