bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Performance Comparison of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) Using Various Nanofluids
Authors: Shirole Ashutosh , Wagh Mahesh , Kulkarni Vivek 
Published: July 2021

The objective of this paper is to investigate the theoretical performance of Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) using various nanofluids. The theoretical performances are calculated for Al2O3, graphite, magnetite, SWCNH, CuO, SiO2, MWCNT, TiO2, Fe2O3, and ZnO in water nanofluids. The heat transfer equations, thermodynamic properties of nanofluid and pumping power are utilised for the development of novel thermal model. The theoretical thermal efficiency of the PTC is calculated, and the economic viability of the technology is predicted for a range of nanofluid concentration. The results showed that the thermal conductivity increases with the concentration of nanoparticles in the base fluid. Magnetite nanofluid showed the highest thermal efficiency, followed by CuO, MWCNT, ZnO, SWCNH, TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, graphite, and SiO2, respectively. The study reveals that MWCNT at 0.4% concentration is the best-suited nanofluid considering thermal gain and pumping power. Most of the nanofluids achieved optimum efficiency at 0.4% concentration. The influence of mass flow rate on thermal efficiency is evaluated. When the mass flow rate increased from 70 Kg/hr to 90Kg/hr, a 10%-20% efficiency increase is observed. Dispersing nanofluids reduces the levelized cost of energy of large-scale power plants. These findings add to the knowledge of the scientific community aimed explicitly at solar thermal energy technology. The report can also be used as a base to pursue solar thermal projects on an economic basis.
Embodied Human Intersubjectivity: Imaginative Agency, To Share Meaning
Authors: Trevarthen Colwyn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Human beings move coherently as individual selves, body and mind adapted to perform complex activities with imagination, knowledge, and skill; perceiving the environment by engaging it with discrimination and care. Human beings live intersubjectively in communitiesl each with the rituals, beliefs, and language of a culture, along with a history of affective relationships and agreed habits for acting in cooperation. These attachments and cultural habits depend upon an ability to sense the intentions, interests, and feelings of other human selves through sympathetic response to motives and emotions as displayed in the shapes and rhythms of body movement: an ability that infants possess from birth. No brain theory explains this ‘felt immediacy’ of others’ life experience, which philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment accepted as proof that human beings are ‘innately sympathetic’. An innate time sense, capacity to ‘attune’ to the dynamics of body movement, and ability to recognise serial ordering in ‘stories’ all appear essential. A theory of ‘communicative musicality’ employs key parameters of pulse, quality of movement, and narrative, applying them to poetry, music, dance, the prosody and rhetoric of language, and the regulation of skillful practices of all kinds. These elements - present in foetal movements and engaged in through joyful intersubjective ‘story-telling’ from birth - give direct information on how the human brain orchestrates reflex functions to move the body with sensations of grace and efficiency. Their age-related development leads to mastery of language and cultural rituals. They conduct all cognitive functions and all meaning making.
La Falange: The Structure of a Fascist Dream
Authors: Brandt Per Aage 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The text proposes a structural narrative reading of José Antonio Primo de Rivera’s falangist discourse and shows how its thinking is based on spatial and dynamic imagination and a particularly strong sacrificial nationalist motif. It further suggests that the symbolic dimension in its nationalism constitutes a driving emotional force to be found in all nationalisms. Falangism was a religious version of fascism, famous for becoming the official ideology of Francoist Spain; but it shared with all militant national political forms of thinking the emotionally compelling mystique: the feeling of a spiritual essence and force emanating from a beloved land and conveying existential identity and value to its subjects, thus justifying and calling for committed violent and sacrificial acts that override ordinary systems of lawful behavior.
Evaluation of changes in cellulose micro/nanofibrils structure under chemical and enzymatic pre-treatments
Authors: Moulin Jordão Cabral , Durães Alisson Farley Soares , Dias Matheus Cordazzo , Silva Luiz Eduardo , de Amorim dos Santos Allan , Damásio Renato Augusto Pereira , Ugucioni Júlio César , Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the use of Raman microspectroscopy analysis to assess changes in cellulose micro/nanofibril structure from fibers subjected to different pre-treatments. Pulp fibers were pre-treated with 5 wt% NaOH for 2 h, 10 wt% NaOH for 1 h, and endoglucanase-type enzymes to improve nanofibrilation. After the pre-treatments, the fibers were mechanically fibrillated to produce cellulose micro/nanofibrils, which were made into films to be analyzed. Fibers pre-treated with 5 wt% NaOH produced 59% micro/nanofibrils with average diameter less than 30 nm, for Eucalyptus, and 46% of micro/nanofibrils, with the same diameter, for Pinus. However, the enzymatic pre-treatment was the most efficient, resulting in 83% of micro/nanofibrils for Eucalyptus and 78% for Pinus. This corroborates with the lowest values of the 1.096/2.896 ratio and degree of polymerization, indicating chain shortening in cellulose. X-ray diffraction and Raman microspectroscopy crystallinity results presented similar tendencies, with increased crystallinity caused by all pre-treatments, being 5 wt% NaOH for 2 h the highest, with 70%, for Eucalyptus and Pinus. Enzymatic pre-treatment has produced the best fibrillation and greater crystallinity. The present work has shown a reliable way of assessing cellulose structure using Raman microspectroscopy.
Size Effects and Beyond-Fourier Heat Conduction in Room-Temperature Experiments
Authors: Fehér Anna , Lukács Norbert , Somlai László , Fodor Tamás , Szücs Mátyás , Fülöp Tamás , Ván Peter , Kovács Róbert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is a long-lasting task to understand heat conduction phenomena beyond Fourier. Besides the low-temperature experiments on extremely pure crystals, it has turned out recently that heterogeneous materials with macro-scale size can also show thermal effects that cannot be modeled by the Fourier equation. This is called over-diffusive propagation, different from low-temperature observations, and is found in numerous samples made from metal foam, rocks, and composites. The measured temperature history is indeed similar to what Fourier’s law predicts but the usual evaluation cannot provide reliable thermal parameters. This paper is a report on our experiments on several rock types, each type having multiple samples with different thicknesses. We show that size-dependent thermal behavior can occur for both Fourier and non-Fourier situations. Moreover, based on the present experimental data, we find an empirical relation between the Fourier and non-Fourier parameters, which may be helpful in later experiments to develop a more robust and reliable evaluation procedure.
Crystal structure of monocarbonyl(N-nitroso-N-oxido-phenylamine-κ
2
O,O′)(tricyclohexylphosphine-κP)rhodium(I), C25H39N2O3PRh
Authors: Alexander Orbett T. , Venter Johan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C25H39N2O3PRh, triclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.505(5) Å, b = 14.266(5) Å, c = 13.405(4) Å, β = 91.280(3)°, V = 2574.8(15) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0399, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1026, T = 100 K.
The crystal structure of the co-crystal: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid – N′-(butan-2-ylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazide, C10H13N3O·C7H6O3
Authors: Setshedi Itumeleng B. , Smith Mark G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
C10H13N3O·C7H6O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.4038(9) Å, b = 30.448(3) Å, c = 7.6744(8) Å, β = 112.013(3)°, V = 1603.9(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0492, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1384, T = 173 K.
Reproducibilidad de la escala de Masmali en la valoración de la película lagrimal
Authors: Daza Martínez Camilo Luis , Sánchez Fragozo Rafael Humberto , Márquez García Martha Lucila , Barrios Arlante Juan José 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: determinar la reproducibilidad inter evaluador de la escala de Masmali en función del Test de Ferning para la evaluación de la película lagrimal.Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas. La muestra estuvo integrada por 50 estudiantes del programa de optometría de la Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga. Se evaluó la osmolaridad de la película lagrimal de los individuos a través del test de Ferning. Dos observadores clasificaron los patrones en helecho obtenidos, empleando la escala de Masmali para determinar su reproducibilidad.Resultados: se demostró que la escala de Masmali es una herramienta de medición de la osmolaridad lagrimal válida; sus resultados son confiables y reproducibles. La concordancia inter evaluador fue moderada con un Kappa Ponderado de 0,5658 con un 88% de acuerdo y un error estándar de kappa de 0,0995 y un valor P de <0,0001.Conclusiones: se recomienda el uso de la escala de Masmali como un método de evaluación del fluido lagrimal, por arrojar resultados confiables. No obstante, estos deben ser correlacionados con otras pruebas de superficie ocular para la emisión de diagnósticos en la evaluación de las disfunciones lagrimales.
Cost-Effectiveness of Nasal High Flow Versus CPAP for Newborn Infants in Special-Care Nurseries
Authors: Huang Li , Manley Brett J. , Arnolda Gaston R. B. , Owen Louise S. , Wright Ian M. R. , Foster Jann P. , Davis Peter G. , Buckmaster Adam G. , Dalziel Kim M. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Treating respiratory distress in newborns is expensive. We compared the cost-effectiveness of 2 common noninvasive therapies, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and nasal high-flow (nHF), for newborn infants cared for in nontertiary special care nurseries.

METHODS
The economic evaluation was planned alongside a randomized control trial conducted in 9 Australian special care nurseries. Costs were considered from a hospital perspective until infants were 12 months of age. A total of 754 infants with respiratory distress, born ≥31 weeks’ gestation and with birth weight ≥1200 g, &lt;24 hours old, requiring noninvasive respiratory support and/or supplemental oxygen for &gt;1 hour were recruited during 2015–2017. Inpatient costing records were obtained for 753 infants, of whom 676 were included in the per-protocol analysis. Two scenarios were considered: (1) CPAP versus nHF, with infants in the nHF group having “rescue” CPAP backup available (trial scenario); and (2) CPAP versus nHF, as sole primary support (hypothetical scenario). Effectiveness outcomes were rate of endotracheal intubation and transfer to a tertiary-level NICU.

RESULTS
As sole primary support, CPAP is more effective and on average cheaper, and thus is superior. However, nHF with back-up CPAP produced equivalent cost and effectiveness results, and there is no reason to make a decision between the 2 treatments on the basis of the cost or effectiveness outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Nontertiary special care nurseries choosing to use only 1 of the modes should choose CPAP. In units with both modes available, using nHF as first-line therapy may be acceptable if there is back-up CPAP.
Regularities of plaque stabilization in various scenarios of neointimal calcification and vascularization
Authors: Osyaev N. Yu. , Bogdanov L. A. , Mukhamadiyarov R. A. , Shabaev A. R. , Shishkova D. K. , Markova V. E. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Kutikhin A. G. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To study the relationships between phenotypes of extracranial arteries' plaques (stable/unstable), their calcification and its causes, in particular, vascularization.Material and methods. The study included 88 patients: patients (n=44) with ischemic stroke and those (n=44) with chronic brain ischemia. In all subjects, the parameters of systemic mineral homeostasis were assessed (total and ionized calcium, phosphate, total protein, albumin, and calcification propensity). Atherosclerotic plaques have been obtained during carotid endarterectomy, fixed in formalin, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, stained in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ascending ethanol series and acetone, stained with 2% alcoholic uranyl acetate and embedded into epoxy resin with its further polymerization. Epoxy resin blocks were grinded, polished, counterstained with Reynolds' lead citrate and sputter coated with carbon. Sample visualization was performed employing backscattered scanning electron microscopy. Number and area of calcium deposits and neointimal vessels were quantified using ImageJ. Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Results. It was found that area of neointimal calcification, but not number of calcium deposits, was associated with the stable plaque phenotype. The stabilizing effect of calcification was manifested in retarding stenosis associated with plaque rupture and stroke. Calcification extent directly correlated with total and local plaque vascularization, which have been associated with unstable and stable plaque phenotype, respectively. In addition, plaque calcification negatively correlated with total protein and albumin, thereby reflecting the impaired systemic mineral homeostasis.Conclusion. Atherosclerotic plaque calcification and active local vascularization reduce stenosis extent and stabilize plaque. In contrast, total plaque calcification contributes to the atherosclerosis progression and promotes major acute cardiovascular events.
Fibrosis biomarkers and global myocardial strain in the diagnosis and prediction of diastolic dysfunction in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Osokina A. V. , Karetnikova V. N. , Ryzhenkova S. N. , Polikutina O. M. , Ivanova A. V. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To assess the correlation of fibrosis biomarkers with parameters of diastolic function (DF) in assessing global longitudinal strain in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF).Material and methods. We examined 50 patients (100%) with primary STEMI and preserved LVEF at the end of hospitalization. On the 1st day of MI, standard diagnostic investigations were carried out. On the 12th day, the serum concentration of procollagen type I carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP), N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type III (PIIINP), and galectin-3 was determined, as well as echocardiography was performed to assess left ventricular DF. After 1 year, all participants underwent reassessment of PICP, PIIINP, and galectin-3 serum levels. Echocardiography was also performed with an assessment of DF and LV global longitudinal strain.Results. According to speckle-tracking echocardiography, LV global longitudinal strain was visualized in 30 patients (60%), who were included in the final analysis. In the rest of the patients (40%), the limitations did not allow the technique to be performed. During the hospitalization, signs of diastolic dysfunction (DD) were detected in 5 (16,6%) patients; after 1 year, their number increased by 7 (23,3%). During the 1-year follow-up, the total number of patients with echocardiographic signs of DD was 20 (67%). At the same time, global strain parameters indicated the presence of DD in 23 (77%) patients. However, comparison of the incidence of DD according to echocardiography and using the speckle-tracking technology did not show significant differences (p=0,283). Throughout the entire follow-up period, the concentration of the studied fibrosis markers significantly exceeded the control group values. We recorded associations of global strain parameters with biochemical markers of fibrosis and LV DF indicators.Conclusion. Fibrosis biomarkers (PICP, PIIINP, galectin-3), assessed in the subacute period of MI in patients with preserved EF, correlated with indicators of global myocardial strain, which indicates the potential value of their determination for predicting and detecting DD in the postinfarction period.
Multicenter study: carotid endarterectomy in the first hours after ischemic stroke
Authors: Kazantsev A. N. , Vinogradov R. A. , Chernyavsky M. A. , Kravchuk V. N. , Matusevich V. V. , Chernykh K. P. , Shabaev A. R. , Shukurov I. N. , Bagdavadze G. Sh. , Lutsenko V. A. , Sultanov R. V. , Vaiman E. F. , Porkhanov V. A. , Khubulava G. G. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To analyze inhospital outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CE) in the acute period (within 3 days from the onset) of ischemic stroke.Material and methods. This retrospective multicenter study for the period from January 2008 to August 2020 included 357 patients who underwent CE in the acute period of stroke. An interdisciplinary commission defined the revascularization timing. There were following inclusion criteria: 1. Mild neurological disorders: NIHSS stroke of 3-8; modified Rankin Scale score <2; Bartel index >61; 2. Indications for CE according to the current national guidelines; 3. Brain ischemic focus <2,5 cm in diameter. There were following exclusion criteria: 1. Presence of contraindications to CE. The endpoints were such unfavorable cardiovascular events as death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), silent stroke, silent hemorrhagic transformations, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type >3b bleeding, internal carotid artery thrombosis, composite endpoint (death + all strokes/TIA + MI). Silent strokes were those strokes, established according to control multi-slice computed tomography angiography, without symptoms.Results. During the in-hospital follow-up period, 8 deaths (2,24%), 5 MIs (1,4%), 6 strokes/TIAs (1,7%), 15 silent ischemic strokes (4,2%), 13 hemorrhagic transformations (3,6%), 26 silent hemorrhagic transformations (7,3%), and 6 BARC type >3b bleeding (1,7%) were recorded. Thus, the combined endpoint was 20,4% (n=73).Conclusion. Due to the high incidence of cardiovascular events, CE is not a safe operation for patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke. The stroke + mortality rate exceeding 3% demonstrates the ineffectiveness of this method of treatment.
Molecular and metabolic characteristics of changes in the platelet sensitivity to antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease before and after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Goncharov M. D. , Grinshtein Yu. I. , Savchenko A. A. , Kosinova A. A. 
Published: July 2021

Aim. To study the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by platelets in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), depending on their sensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as a part of ASA monotherapy and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (ASA+clopidogrel).Material and methods. The study included 104 patients with CAD (ASA monotherapy, 64 patients; DAPT, 40 patients). From day 1 after CABG, they took 100 mg a day of enteric-coated ASA. In the DAPT group, clopidogrel was prescribed for 2-3 days after CABG. All measurements were performed before surgery, on the 1st day and days 8-10 after surgery. Control group consisted of 36 healthy donors. Resistance to ASA was determined at a level of optical platelet aggregation with arachidonic acid >20% at least at one observation point. The spontaneous and ADP-induced chemiluminescence (CL) of platelets with luminol and lucigenin was assessed according to the following parameters: time to maximum intensity (Tmax), maximum intensity (Imax), area (S) under the CL curve, and the ratio of ADP-induced CL S to spontaneous CL S.Results. Throughout the study, 71 patients with CAD were sensitive to ASA (sASA) (ASA monotherapy, 46 patients; DAPT, 25 patients), three patients — resistant (rASA) (ASA monotherapy, 1; DAPT, 2). Sensitivity of other 30 patients (ASA monotherapy, 17; DAPT, 13) changed in different follow-up periods. Compared to the control group, sASA patients had increased values of platelet CL parameters throughout the study, while in the rASA group (ASA monotherapy), Tmax was higher before CABG, and in the rASA group (ASA therapy+clopidogrel), Imax and S were higher on the first day after CABG, while Imax — on days 8-10 after CABG. Compared to sASA, the values of S and Imax before CABG, Imax after CABG, as well as Imax and S on the days 8-10 after CABG in rASA (ASA monotherapy) were significantly lower, while in rASA (ASA therapy+clopidogrel), only the Tmax values were lower on the 8-10 days after CABG.Conclusion. In patients with CAD, depending on the sensitivity to ASA and antiplatelet therapy after CABG, the metabolic activity of platelets in terms of ROS production differs. In sASA patients, ROS synthesis is higher than in healthy individuals, while, in rASA patients (ASA monotherapy), platelets produce ROS levels lower than in sASA. CABG surgery and the addition of clopidogrel to ASA therapy leads to increased ROS production in rASA patients in the postoperative period.
Organization of lipid centers operation in the Russian Federation — new opportunities
Authors: Ezhov M. V. , Barbarash O. L. , Voevoda M. I. , Gurevich V. S. , Vezikova N. N. , Sadykova D. I. , Sergienko I. V. , Kashtalap V. V. , Meshkov A. N. , Duplyakov D. V. , Sokolov A. A. , Boytsov S. A. 
Published: July 2021

Project of the Russian National Atherosclerosis SocietyIn 2016, Guidelines on the medical care organization to the patients with hereditary atherogenic lipid disorders in the regions of Russia were published, which described and presented the principles of routing patients with hereditary dyslipidemia and the organization of medical care for them within the current regulatory documents. In December 2018, the Russian Ministry of Health approved clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia. Thus, persons with a severe hereditary dyslipidemia were able to get free medication with expensive lipid-lowering drugs and receive apheresis. Following the European ones, the Russian guidelines on the management of lipid metabolism disorders were updated: lower target low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were adopted. In the Russian population, there is a high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, including familial monogenic and polygenic types. Therefore, timely detection and routing to a lipid center or an office to a specialist (cardiologist, lipidologist), adequate and modern prescription of lipid-lowering therapy will make an important contribution not only to secondary, but also to primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications.