bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's disease research progress in Australia: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium in Sydney
Authors: Sexton Claire E. , Anstey Kaarin J. , Baldacci Filippo , Barnum C. J. , Barron Anna M. , Blennow Kaj , Brodaty Henry , Burnham Samantha , Elahi Fanny M. , Götz Jürgen , Jeon Yun‐Hee , Koronyo‐Hamaoui Maya , Landau Susan M. , Lautenschlager Nicola T. , Laws Simon M. , Lipnicki Darren M. , Lu Hanzhang , Masters Colin L. , Moyle Wendy , Nakamura Akinori , Pasinetti Giulio Maria , Rao Naren , Rowe Christopher , Sachdev Perminder S. , Schofield Peter R. , Sigurdsson Einar M. , Smith Kate , Srikanth Velandai , Szoeke Cassandra , Tansey Malú G. , Whitmer Rachel , Wilcock Donna , Wong Tien Y. , Bain Lisa J. , Carrillo Maria C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Alzheimer's Association International Conference held its sixth Satellite Symposium in Sydney, Australia in 2019, highlighting the leadership of Australian researchers in advancing the understanding of and treatment developments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias.This leadership includes the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), which has fueled the identification and development of many biomarkers and novel therapeutics. Two multimodal lifestyle intervention studies have been launched in Australia; and Australian researchers have played leadership roles in other global studies in diverse populations.Australian researchers have also played an instrumental role in efforts to understand mechanisms underlying vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia; and through the Women's Healthy Aging Project have elucidated hormonal and other factors that contribute to the increased risk of AD in women. Alleviating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia has also been a strong research and clinical focus in Australia.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Branched Aromatic α‐Amino Acids by Biocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution**
Authors: Li Fuzhuo , Yang Li‐Cheng , Zhang Jingyang , Chen Jason S. , Renata Hans 
Published: May 2021

Abstractβ‐Branched noncanonical amino acids are valuable molecules in modern drug development efforts. However, they are still challenging to prepare due to the need to set multiple stereocenters in a stereoselective fashion, and contemporary methods for the synthesis of such compounds often rely on the use of rare‐transition‐metal catalysts with designer ligands. Herein, we report a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective biocatalytic transamination method to prepare a broad range of aromatic β‐branched α‐amino acids. Mechanistic studies show that the transformation proceeds through dynamic kinetic resolution that is unique to the optimal enzyme. To highlight its utility and practicality, the biocatalytic reaction was applied to the synthesis of several sp3‐rich cyclic fragments and the first total synthesis of jomthonic acid A.
Effect of modified layered double hydroxide on the flammability of intumescent flame retardant PP nanocomposites
Authors: Shen Hui , Wu Wei , Wang Zhengyi , Wu Wenzheng , Yuan Yue , Feng Yanling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe dodecyl sulfate intercalated CaMgAl‐hydrotalcites (layered double hydroxides [LDHs]) were successfully prepared by co‐precipitation method, and characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectra [FT‐IR]), thermogravimetry (TG‐DTA), scanning electron microscope, and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET). The prepared LDHs were added to the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites, and the limiting oxygen index method (LOI), vertical combustion method (UL‐94), cone calorimetry (CCT), and other test methods were used to study its thermal stability and combustion performance. The results showed that when the flame retardant was composed of 23 wt% IFR and 2 wt% O‐SDS‐LDHs, the LOI value of the material was increased to 31.5%, reaching the V‐0 level, and the flame retardant performance was significantly improved. The results also showed that there was a significant synergistic effect between IFR and O‐SDS‐LDHs, which could improve the thermal stability and graphitization degree of PP nanocomposites. In addition, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of the PP/IFR/O‐SDS‐LDHs system were 177 kW/m2, 101 MJ/m2, and 15.4 m2, respectively, which were 82.2%, 51.0%, and 23.0% lower than those of pure PP, respectively. These improvements could be attributed to the presence of dense and continuous char layer formed by the synergistic effect.
Novel polysulfone/sulfonated polyaniline/niobium pentoxide polymer blend nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications
Authors: Maria Mahimai Berlina , Kulasekaran Poonkuzhali , Deivanayagam Paradesi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNew series of polymer nanocomposite membranes were prepared from polysulfone (PSU), sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) by solution casting technique. In order to assess the suitability of the polymer electrolytes in fuel cell applications, the membranes were characterized with respect to their physicochemical properties. Scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data confirmed the successful incorporation of nanofillers into the polymer matrix. The membrane loaded with 10 wt% of niobium pentoxide into PSU/SPANI exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.0674 S cm−1, whereas the control membrane showed 0.0110 S cm−1. The incorporation of niobium pentoxide into pristine polymer not only improved the ionic conductivity but also enhanced the thermal and oxidative stabilities. The substantial results achieved with the organic–inorganic polymer composites derived from PSU‐SPANI and Nb2O5 have been established and can be viable materials for electrolyte in fuel cell applications.
Splitting model reduction for bilinear control systems
Authors: Huang Yao , Jiang Yao‐Lin , Qiu Zhi‐Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, based on low‐rank balanced truncation (BT), we present a splitting model reduction method for bilinear control systems with nonzero initial conditions. By analyzing Volterra series, the original bilinear control system is split up into two systems: one is a bilinear control system with zero initial condition, and the other is our constructed control system. Specifically, we prove that the Volterra series containing initial condition of the original system converges to the output of our constructed control system. Thus, we develop a new splitting model reduction method that involves reducing two systems independently by low‐rank BT method and then combining the reduced outputs into an aggregate output. A nonlinear RC circuit and a heat transfer model are taken as numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Anterior, posterior, or all‐vessel infrapopliteal revascularization in patients with moderate‐severe claudication: Insights from the LIBERTY 360 study
Authors: Salahuddin Taufiq , Giannopoulos Stefanos , Adams George , Armstrong Ehrin J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle data guides revascularization of infrapopliteal peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with claudication. We assessed outcomes after infrapopliteal‐only intervention for claudication in the LIBERTY 360 observational study.MethodsIn this post hoc analysis, LIBERTY 360 patients (N = 128) with claudication and isolated infrapopliteal disease undergoing endovascular revascularization were divided by territory into anterior‐vessel, posterior‐vessel, or all‐vessel groups. Patients were followed for periprocedural, in‐hospital, and long‐term outcomes. Logistic regression for odds ratios, Cox proportional hazard models, ANOVA, and Kaplan–Meier estimates were utilized to compare outcomes.ResultsPatients underwent anterior (N = 37), posterior (N = 76), or all‐vessel (N = 15) infrapopliteal revascularization. Initial procedural success was 86%, 86%, and 69% for anterior, posterior, and all‐vessel groups, respectively. Each group had improvements in Rutherford classification (RC) from baseline to 2 years (mean RC change: −1.3, −1.5, and −1.5, respectively). Compared with all‐vessel intervention, both anterior and posterior groups had lower rate of major adverse events (MAE) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) at 3 years (MAE: 12% and 15% in anterior and posterior groups, respectively compared with 51% in the all‐vessel group; hazard ratios and 95% CIs 0.22 [0.06–0.74], p = .015; 0.24 [0.09–0.64], p = .004). Other outcomes were similar among the three groups. The anterior group showed more improvement in pain subdomain and total VascuQoL scores compared with posterior and all‐vessel groups at 2 years (p = .016, p = .020 and p = .068, p = .009, respectively).ConclusionsBoth anterior or posterior revascularization have favorable outcomes and may be beneficial for improvement of symptoms in claudicants with isolated infrapopliteal PAD.
Cross‐sectional study of psychosocial well‐being among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual gynecologic cancer survivors
Authors: Schefter Alexandra , Thomaier Lauren , Jewett Patricia , Brown Katherine , Stenzel Ashley E. , Blaes Anne , Teoh Deanna , Vogel Rachel I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelays in care and increased risk for mental health diagnoses put individuals identifying as a sexual minority with cancer at risk for decreased quality of life.AimTo assess psychosocial health among sexual minority gynecologic cancer survivors, we compared self‐reported quality of life and psychosocial measures between individuals diagnosed with gynecologic cancers identifying as lesbian/gay/bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual.Methods and ResultsEnglish‐speaking adults with gynecologic cancers were invited to participate in an ongoing cohort survey study. Quality of life and psychosocial measures included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General, Distress Thermometer (distress), Patient Health Questionnaire‐8 (depression), General Anxiety Disorder‐7 (anxiety), and Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‐5 (post‐traumatic stress disorder; PTSD). Measures were compared by self‐reported sexual orientation (heterosexual vs. LGB) using descriptive statistics (frequencies and means) and linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for college education.Of 814 patients invited, 457 enrolled (56.1%) and 401 (92.6%) completed the survey and provided information on their sexuality. All but one self‐identified as cisgender women and 22 (5.5%) as LGB. LGB participants were more likely to have completed college (68.2% vs. 40.1%, p = .009) but were otherwise similar across demographic and clinical characteristics. Quality of life and distress scores were similar between groups. LGB participants, compared to heterosexual, reported higher rates of depression (31.8% vs. 10.6%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.1 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–11.0], p = .004), anxiety (25.0% vs. 7.1%, adjusted OR = 5.4 [95% CI: 1.7–16.7], p= .004), and PTSD (13.6% vs. 3.5%, adjusted OR = 4.2 [95% CI: 1.1–16.3], p = .04).ConclusionLGB participants reported poorer emotional health following a gynecologic cancer diagnosis than heterosexual participants. Our data suggest this population may need additional resources and support during and after their cancer diagnosis. Future work is needed to identify additional risk factors and the underlying sources of these disparities in order to improve patient care and wellness in this population.
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibition of IgG/IgE production in murine B cells is counter‐balanced by a strong Th2 bias
Authors: Dalloul Zeinab , Best Marie , Chenuet Pauline , Dalloul Iman , Le Noir Sandrine , Togbé Dieudonnée , Gador Mylène , Ryffel Bernhard , FJ Quesniaux Valerie , El Makhour Yolla , Boyer François , Aldigier Jean‐Claude , Cook‐Moreau Jeanne , Fazilleau Nicolas , Cogné Michel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesInhibitors of bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) proteins are a new and growing class of anti‐cancer drugs, which decrease oncogene expression by targeting superenhancers. Antibody production is another physiological process relying on superenhancers, and it remains to be clarified whether potential immunomodulatory properties of BET inhibitors might impact humoral immunity and allergy.MethodsWe thus evaluated humoral immune responses and their Th2 context in vitro and in vivo in mice following treatment with the classical BET‐inhibitor JQ1. We quantified immunoglobulin (Ig) and antibody production by B cells either stimulated in vitro or obtained from immunised mice. JQ1 effects on class switching and activation‐induced deaminase loading were determined, together with modifications of B, T follicular helper (Tfh) and T helper 2 (Th2) populations. JQ1 was finally tested in B‐cell‐dependent models of immune disorders.ResultsBromodomain and extra terminal domain inhibition reduced class switching, Ig expression on B cells and antibody secretion and was correlated with decreased numbers of Tfh cells. However, JQ1 strongly increased the proportion of GATA3+ Th2 cells and the secretion of corresponding cytokines. In a mouse allergic model of lung inflammation, JQ1 did not affect eosinophil infiltration or mucus production but enhanced Th2 cytokine production and aggravated clinical manifestations.ConclusionAltogether, BET inhibition thus interweaves intrinsic negative effects on B cells with a parallel complex reshaping of T‐cell polarisation which can increase type 2 cytokines and eventually promote B‐cell‐dependent immunopathology. These opposite and potentially hazardous immunomodulatory effects raise concerns for clinical use of BET inhibitors in patients with immune disorders.
Evaluation of critical separation distance to avoid seismic pounding between buildings: A spectral approach
Authors: Lin Jeng‐Hsiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetermining a minimum separation distance required to avoid seismic pounding between adjacent buildings is a capacity‐demand design issue. This study developed a spectral approach to evaluate the expected minimum separation demand (referred to as the critical separation distance, [CSD]) to prevent pounding between buildings during strong earthquake motions. Presented firstly in this paper is an analytical procedure for evaluating the relative displacement process at the potential pounding location between two adjacent buildings during earthquake motions. The procedure is based on random vibration theory and modal analysis with application of the well‐known CQC rule. Subsequently, an approximate nonlinear closed‐form solution for evaluating CSD is derived, by means of a simplified spectral‐based procedure with introducing the concept of equivalent linearization of nonlinear hysteretic behavior and the effective correlation coefficients of the generalized coordinates of equivalent linearized systems to consider inelastic vibration phase between buildings. Finally, the CSDs between two buildings having different heights and the same height for various combinations of buildings with different fundamental periods are separately examined as verification examples of the proposed approach. The accuracy of solution is demonstrated by comparing computed results with corresponding numerical results from nonlinear response history analyses (RHAs). The results show that the proposed approach provides a reliable solution in predicting the separation demand of buildings during earthquake motions.
Computation of amplification functions of earth dam‐flexible canyon systems by the hybrid FEM‐SBFEM technique
Authors: Yaseri Alireza , Konrad Jean‐Marie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA dam's responses can be amplified by the geometry and flexibility of its surrounding canyon. To modeling a canyon as an elastic unbounded domain, the radiation damping condition should be satisfied, and in this regard, the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) is a powerful tool. In this article, a substructure method was used to combine the standard Finite Element Method (FEM) with the SBFEM, resulting in the hybrid FEM‐SBFEM technique. This hybrid technique treats an earth dam by using FEM and a corresponding elastic unbounded canyon by SBFEM. The proposed approach was verified by data available in the literature. The seismic response of an earth dam‐flexible canyon system was investigated by employing a 3D FEM‐SBFEM method. Several amplification functions corresponding to different canyon conditions were obtained by applying a uniform displacement for the canyon boundary, and a comprehensive study was performed to examine the effects of canyon geometry and flexibility on the steady‐state response of the dam, as these two effects influenced the amplification functions. While the flexibility of the canyon significantly affects the maximum amplification function value for a dam, this value does not change for earth dams in canyons with different shapes but the same length. In addition, the lateral response of earth dams in the time domain was computed in order to analyze the aforementioned effects under an actual earthquake. The proposed amplification functions were used to compare the recorded response spectra of the El Infiernillo dam under the two earthquakes in 1966 with the calculated amplification function, and a reasonable agreement was observed between them.
Electro‐osmotic flow of fractional second‐grade fluid with fractional Cattaneo heat flux through a vertical microchannel
Authors: Abdellateef Ahmed I. , Alshehri Hashim M. , Elmaboud Yasser Abd 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the unsteady electro‐osmotic flow (EOF) of a fractional second‐grade fluid through a vertical microchannel with convection heat transfer. The fractional Cattaneo heat flux model will be used to modify the heat equation. The solutions for the velocity and the temperature have been derived by employing the Laplace and finite Fourier sine transforms and their numerical inverses. The results show that at the beginning of the time period, the fractional parameter postpones the movement of the fluid. Furthermore, the results show that at the high values of retardation time (non‐Newtonian case), the required time for the velocity and the flow rate to reach the steady state increases. Moreover, the heat relaxation time reduces the heat transfer until a critical time, and then the effect reverses.
Chemical analysis of nitro‐aromatic compounds of secondary organic aerosol formed from photooxidation of p‐xylene with NOx
Authors: Zhu Min‐Cong , Huang Ming‐Qiang , Xue Bing‐Bing , Cai Shun‐You , Hu Chang‐Jin , Zhao Wei‐Xiong , Gu Xue‐Jun , Zhang Wei‐Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNitro‐aromatic compounds (NACs) measured in ambient aerosol are important contributors to brown carbon. Aromatic compounds are expected to be vital precursors of NACs in the presence of NOx in urban atmospheres. NACs of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from photooxidation of p‐xylene with a variety of NO2 in smog chamber were investigated in this study. NACs were on‐line measured by aerosol laser time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer and verified by off‐line of ultraviolet absorption and electrospray ionization mass spectra. The results show that NO2 can promote the formation of p‐xylene SOA. Different from the carbonyls detected in p‐xylene SOA without NO2, nitrophenols, nitrocatechols, and other NACs via the nitration of phenolic products of p‐xylene are detected as the major components of SOA with NO2. The increase of electrophilic nitro groups in SOA strengthens absorption ability. The mass absorption coefficient averaged over 200–600 nm (<MAC>) of SOA gradually increased with the increasing of the concentration of NO2. The <MAC> of SOA with 1,000 ppb NO2 was comparable to that of biomass burning organic aerosols. These provided experimental basis for studying the formation mechanism and optics of anthropogenic NACs in the background of high concentration of NOx in Chinese urban atmosphere.
European multicenter evaluation of Xpert® Xpress SARS‐CoV‐2/Flu/RSV test
Authors: Wolters Femke , Grünberg Maria , Huber Michael , Kessler Harald H. , Prüller Florian , Saleh Lanja , Fébreau Christine , Rahamat‐Langendoen Janette , Thibault Vincent , Melchers Willem J. G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRapid diagnostics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) are paramount for reducing the spread of the current pandemic. During additional seasonal epidemics with influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the clinical signs and symptoms cannot be distinguished easily from SARS‐CoV‐2. Therefore, a new assay combining four targets in the form of the new Xpert Xpress SARS‐CoV‐2/Flu/RSV assay was evaluated. The assay was compared to the Xpert Xpress SARS‐CoV‐2, Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV, Seegene Flu/RSV, influenza A/B r‐gene® and RSV/hMPV r‐gene®. A total of 295 nasopharyngeal and throat swabs were tested at four institutes throughout Europe including 72 samples positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, 65 for influenza A, 47 for influenza B, and 77 for RSV. The sensitivity of the new assay was above 95% for all targets, with the highest for SARS‐CoV‐2 (97.2%). The overall correlation of SARS‐CoV‐2 Ct values between Xpert Xpress SARS‐CoV‐2 assay and Xpert Xpress SARS‐CoV‐2/Flu/RSV assay was high. The agreement between Ct values above 30 showed the multiplex giving higher Ct values for SARS‐CoV‐2 on average than the singleplex assay. In conclusion, the new assay is a rapid and reliable alternative with less hands‐on time for the detection of not one, but four upper respiratory tract pathogens that may circulate at the same time.
A dynamical and numerical study of the effects of the topography of the Tibetan Plateau and westerly wind speed on the East Asian Trough
Authors: Liang Zhaoming , Xu Pengcheng , Gao Shouting , Zuo Qunjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effects of the topography of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and westerly wind speed on the East Asian Trough (EAT) is discussed with analysis using a dynamical model, and verified with numerical experiments based on real cases. The dynamical model utilizes a complex terrain function to approximate the TP topography, and derives a stream function generated by the TP terrain. The numerical experiments used for the verification consider the influence of different TP terrain heights and westerly wind speeds. The results show that the topography of the TP has a prominent contribution to the intensity of the EAT, but little effect on its position. The topography of the TP in the westerly winds causes a low‐pressure trough to its east, which promotes a deepening of the EAT to the east side of the TP. In contrast, in the context of the TP, westerly wind speed has an important influence on the position of the EAT, but a minor impact on the deepening of the EAT. A larger westerly wind speed causes a more eastern position of the EAT. These findings indicate that the combination of large‐scale topography and westerly wind speed plays a key role in the evolution of the EAT, in the terms of intensity and position.