bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug Use, Homelessness and Health: Responding to the Opioid Overdose Crisis with Housing and Harm Reduction Services
Authors: milaney katrina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Canada is in the midst of an opioid overdose crisis and Alberta has one of the highest opioid use rates across the country. Populations made vulnerable through structural inequities who also use opioids, such as those who are unstably housed, are at an increased risk of experiencing harms associated with opioid use. The main purpose of this study was to explore if there was an association between unstable housing and hospital use for people who use opioids.
Methods

Analysis utilized self-reported data from the Alberta Health and Drug Use Survey which surveyed 813 Albertans in three cities. Hospital use was modeled using a logistic regression with our primary variable of interest being housing unstable status. Chi square tests were conducted between hospital use and variables associated with demographics, characteristics of drug use, health characteristics, and experiences of receiving services to establish model inclusion.
Results

Results revealed a significant association between housing instability and hospital use.with unstably housed individuals twice as likely torequire hospital care.
Conclusions

Results highlight the importance of concurrently addressing housing instability alongside the provision of harm reduction services such assafe supply and supervised consumption sites. These findings have significant implications for policy and policymakers during the opioid overdose epidemic, and provide a foundation for future areas of research.
Do the dimensions of the hard palate have a relationship with the volumes of the upper airways and maxillary sinuses? A CBCT study
Authors: Miranda-Viana Murilo , Freitas Deborah Queiroz , Machado Alessiana Helena , Gomes Amanda Farias , Nejaim Yuri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: As the hard palate is a central structure of the skull, and its close relationship with the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and maxillary sinuses, it would be of interest to study if there is a relationship between this bone structure and other structures of the stomatognathic system. Thus, this study aimed to assess the dimensions of the hard palate and correlate them with sex, and skeletal and breathing patterns. Also, to investigate if there is a relationship with these dimensions and the volumes of the upper airways and maxillary sinuses.Methods: Two hundred and ninety-eight CBCT scans of patients were classified according to sex, and skeletal and breathing patterns. Then, the linear dimensions of width and height of the hard palate at the regions of the first premolars and first molars, and the volumes of the upper airways and maxillary sinuses were measured using the CS 3D Imaging and ITK-SNAP software, respectively. Data were submitted to multi-way analysis of variance and linear regression, with a significance level of 5% (α=0.05).Results: Sex and facial type influenced the hard palate dimensions (p<0.05). Males had greater width and height of the hard palate than females (p<0.0001). It was observed greater width for brachycephalics at the first premolars region (p=0.0032), and greater height for dolichocephalics at the first premolars (p=0.0154) and first molars (p=0.0038) regions. Skeletal malocclusion and breathing pattern did not influence the measurements of the hard palate (p>0.05). There was a significant relationship between the width and height of the hard palate at the premolars region and the total volume of the upper airways (p=0.018, and p=0.038), and between both dimensions of the hard palate at the molars region and the total volume of the maxillary sinuses (p<0.0001).Conclusions: The hard palate dimensions are influenced by sex and facial type, but not by skeletal malocclusion or breathing pattern. Also, there is an association between these dimensions and the volumes of the upper airways and maxillary sinuses.
Physical Layer Security In Autonomous Driving Based Non-Competitive Distributed Consensus Scheme
Authors: Ahn N. Y. , Lee D. H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents autonomous driving using a non-competitive distributed consensus scheme for physical layer security. The non-competitive distributed consensus scheme provides decentralization, security, and scalability as compared with the existing distributed consensus scheme. The non-competitive distributed consensus scheme makes it possible to share real-time traffic information in autonomous driving by achieving block generation within a relatively short time before consensus. Proposed traffic information communication method for autonomous driving is basically configured to generate a temporary block for a blockchain with traffic information only at vehicle nodes that have secured a certain level of secrecy capacity. Since secrecy capacity can be controlled by each vehicle node, it is expected that physical layer security will be enhanced in traffic information communications. This study is expected to contribute to reliably securing physical layer security in the commercialization of autonomous driving.
Microsurgical Treatment of Symptomatic Vestibular Schwannomas in Patients Under 40: Different Results Before and After Age of 30
Authors: Mastronardi Luciano , Campione Alberto , Cacciotti Guglielmo , Carpineta Ettore , Scavo Carlo Giacobbo , Roperto Raffaelino , Stati Giovanni , Sufianov Albert A. , Schaller Karl 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In 10-15% of cases of vestibular schwannoma (VS) age at diagnosis is 40 years or less. Little is known about the differences in natural history, surgical findings and postoperative outcomes of such younger patients as compared to those of greater age. Objectives : To analyze clinical and surgical and imaging data of a consecutive series of n=50 patients with unilateral sporadic VS, aged 40 years or younger – separated in a very young group (15-30 years) and a moderately young group (31-40 years). Study design: Retrospective case series Methods: 50 consecutive patients under 40 years of age underwent microsurgical resection of unilateral sporadic VS via the retrosigmoid approach. The study cohort was subdivided into two groups according to the age range: Group A, age range 15-30 years (n=23 patients) and Group B, age range 31-40 years (n=27 patients). The adherence of VS capsule to surrounding nervous structures and the tendency of the tumors to bleed were evaluated by reviewing video records; the course of the FN in relation to the tumor’s surface was assessed in each case. Microsurgical removal of tumor was classified as total (T), near total (residual tumor volume <5%), subtotal (residual tumor volume 5-10%) or partial (residual tumor volume >10%). Results: Mean tumor size of entire cohort was 2,53 (range: 0,6-5,8) cm: 2,84 cm in Group A and 2,36 cm in Group B (p=NS). Facial nerve course and position within the cerebellopontine angle did not differ significantly between the two groups. At 6-month follow-up, FN functional outcome was: HBI-II in 69,5% in Group A, versus 96,3% in Group B (p<,001). Hearing preservation was achieved in 60,0% of patients of Group A and in 58,3% of Group B (p=NS). Total and near-total resection was feasible in 95,6% of cases of Group A and in 88,9% of Group B (p=NS). Tumor capsule was tightly adherent to nervous structures in 69,6% patients of Group A and in 22,2% of Group B (p<,05). Significant bleeding was encountered in 56,5% of Group A tumors, and in 29,6% of Group B tumors (p<,01).Conclusions: Microsurgery of VS in patients aged 40 or less is associated with good functional results, and with high rates of total and near total tumor removal. Patients <30 years of age have more adherent tumor capsules. Furthermore, their tumors exhibit a tendency to larger sizes, to hypervascularization, to profuse intraoperative bleeding and they present worse long-term functional FN results when compared to patients in their fourth decade of life. Our limited experience seems to suggest that a near total resection in very young VS patients with large tumors should be preferred in adherent and hypervascularized cases, in order to maximize resection and preserve function.
Phosphorylation-dependent BRD4 dimerization and implications for therapeutic inhibition of BET family proteins
Authors: Mcalister Mark , Malvezzi Francesca , Stubbs Christopher , Jowitt Thomas , Dale Ian , Guo Xieyang , DeGnore Jon , Degliesposti Gianluca , Skehel John , Bannister Andrew 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an epigenetic reader and oncology drug target that regulates gene transcription through binding to acetylated chromatin via bromodomains (BD). Phosphorylation by casein kinase II (CK2) regulates BRD4 function, is necessary for active transcription and is involved in resistance to BRD4 drug inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer. Here, we provide the first biophysical analysis of BRD4 phospho-regulation. Using integrative structural biology, we show that phosphorylation by CK2 modulates the dimerization of human BRD4. We identify two conserved regions, a coiled-coil motif and the Basic-residue enriched Interaction Domain (BID), essential for the BRD4 structural rearrangement, which we term the phosphorylation-dependent dimerization domain (PDD). Finally, we demonstrate that bivalent inhibitors induce a conformational change within BRD4 dimers in vitro and in cancer cells. Our results enable the proposal of a new model for BRD4 activation critical for the characterization of its protein-protein interaction network and for the development of new specific therapeutics.
Classification and Segmentation of Breast Tumor Using Mask R- CNN on Mammograms
Authors: Raza Syed Kazim , Sarwar Syed Shameer , Syed Saad Muhammad , Khan Najeed Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer has caused more deaths in women compared to any other cancer that might be found among women. With that being said, this research has proposed a method which can detect classify and segment the different types of breast tumors. This paper has also discussed the different methods by which the breast cancer has been classified and segmented in the past. Method Breast cancer can be detected in its early stages by MRI and/or mammography of the breast muscles. For this research a novel approach is proposed for breast cancer detection, classification and segmentation. The proposed framework uses breast mammograms from the CBIS-DDSM (Curated Breast Imaging Subset of DDSM) DICOM images. Mammograms are radio images of a muscle. The DICOM data has been preprocessed in such a way that it could be incorporated with more traditional format, then the patches from the mammogram images have been taken out and finally fed into the Mask RCNN neural network.Results The outcome of the approach is, that the proposed framework is able to localize cancer tumor, even when it has developed in multiple regions, making it a multi-class classifier. The framework is also able to classify whether the tumor is benign or malignant as well as segments the cancerous tumor region with a pixel wise annotation. The average accuracy observed is about 85% on test cases, with precision value of 0.75, recall being 0.8 and F1 score 0.825.Conclusion The proposed framework is cost efficient and can be used as a helping tool for the radiologist in breast cancer detection. In future the proposed approach can also be implemented on other cancerous tumors for classification and segmentation purposes.
Introduction to desalination and microbial desalination cells
Authors: Salinas-Rodríguez Sergio G. , Arévalo Juan , Ortiz Juan Manuel , Mendoza-Sammet Ángeles , Borràs-Camps Eduard , Monsalvo-Garcia Victor , Kennedy Maria D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents desalination as one of the technologies to alleviate water scarcity and its contribution to the sustainable development goals. An overview of the world and regional desalination capacity is presented and areas where desalination has potential for development are identified. The overall concept of the microbial desalination cells is presented and the areas where key innovations were developed is presented. A discussion on the energy costs and production costs in seawater reverse osmosis is briefly discussed.
Key elements and materials in microbial desalination cells
Authors: Borràs Eduard , Aliaguilla Martí , Huidobro Laura , Martínez-Crespiera Sandra , Matencio Sonia , Molognoni Daniele , Ortiz Juan Manuel , Ramírez-Moreno Marina , Rodenas Pau , Faccini Mirko , Juan-y-Seva Marta , Schweiss Ruediger , Schwenke Almut , Meijlink Maarten , Alhadidi Abdulsalam , Bosch-Jimenez Pau 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the most relevant advances achieved during the MIDES project in relation to material development of key elements for microbial desalination cells. The first section is devoted to electrodes. Providing a general overview of the requirements of carbon-based materials to serve either as anodes or cathodes for microbial desalination cells. Advances achieved during MIDES in the development of materials for anode and cathode application are listed. The second section is focussed on ion-exchange membranes for microbial desalination cells. General considerations for the use of these membranes are reported as well as key parameters. Finally, advances in ion-exchange membrane development, in terms of antifouling and their performance in desalination trials, achieved during the MIDES project, are reported.
Framework for the sustainable development of village tanks in cascades as an adaptation to climate change and for improved water security, Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera K. T. N. , Wijayaratna T. M. N. , Jayatillake H. M. , Manatunge J. M. A. , Priyadarshana Tilak 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all UN member states, provides a policy framework for achieving sustainable development goals. The 13th SDG: Climate Action is fully dedicated to ‘taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts’. Increasing storage is a key adaptation strategy in the water sector, and restoration and rehabilitation of ancient village tanks have been identified as one of the Nationally Determined Contributions in Sri Lanka. Though the country has engaged in the restoration of village tanks for nearly 170 years, only around 50% of the ancient tanks amounting to around 16,000 are restored and in working condition. Hence, this study aims to identify a strategy for restoring the abandoned tanks in the country towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals. The study reviewed the evolution of policies and approaches adopted in developing village tanks and identified conceptual and technical drawbacks in the existing normative assessment approach. New conceptual and decision-making frameworks were developed, incorporating design-level strategic considerations identified while following a multidimensional and transdisciplinary approach. The approach presented would be a viable strategy to develop village tanks in cascades as sustainable social–ecological systems.
Modelos de econometría espacial para la lucha contra la delincuencia en el Perú: un enfoque de optimización en tiempo real
Authors: Caparó Rafael , Pari Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

El grado de correlación espacial mostrado entre las regiones evidencia que existe unefecto contagio a nivel de delincuencia sobre todo en las regiones periféricas de Lima,se ha encontrado una relación positiva que avanza de región en región, de distritoen distrito, con tendencias positivas y con claras dependencias con los niveles deingresos y densidad poblacional, sobre todo en los distritos que se encuentran en losconos, confirmando que el modelo puede contrastar la realidad y predecir escenarios
futuros en cuanto a niveles de delincuencia. Si bien la tecnología relacionada al alma-cenaje de información es reducida, se presenta una alternativa para la recolección
de datos y algunos códigos para almacenar grandes volúmenes de datos, sobre todolos relacionados a las posiciones georreferenciadas de zonas de alta delincuencia, loscuales han servido para encontrar patrones de expansión regional de actos delictivos,monitorear los mismos y proponer alternativas de mejora.
La educación y la probabilidad de ser pobre en el Perú
Authors: Quiroz Vera Eduardo 
Published: May 2021

El principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los factores educacionales, demográficos, geográficos, mercado laboral, vivienda, ingreso y patrimonio relacionados con el jefe de hogar y la pobreza a través de un modelo logit, tratando de explicar la probabilidad de ser pobre monetario. Para esto se analizó los datos recogidos por la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares del 2016 realizada por el INEI. A través del primer modelo logit se encuentra que la educación –por sus efectos sobre la productividad y la generación de ingresos– se constituye en un instrumento clave en la política de superación de la pobreza, puesto que si mayor es el nivel alcanzado en sus estudios, mayores son las reducciones en la probabilidad de ser pobre; en especial se encuentra que concluir la universidad significa reducir la probabilidad de ser pobre en 14,1 puntos porcentuales, con respecto a un individuo que concluye secundaria, mientras que concluir una carrera técnica significa reducir la probabilidad de ser pobre en 9 puntos porcentuales con respecto a un individuo que concluye secundaria. En el segundo modelo logit queda demostrada la importancia de la educación en la probabilidad de ser pobre, pero de que por sí sola no podrá exhibir retornos positivos si el diseño de las políticas públicas no son eficientes y no se consideran algunos aspectos como son los aspectos demográficos, laborales, patrimoniales, geográficos y de vivienda, que son los que también explican la probabilidad de ser pobre.
Competencias laborales y demanda laboral de los egresados de Ingeniería Económica, UNI 2017
Authors: Saavedra Pacheco José 
Published: May 2021

El presente estudio sobre la relación entre las competencias laborales de los egresadosde la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Económica. y la demanda de las empresas,
analiza cuantitativamente el proceso de inserción laboral de los egresados universi-tarios de dicha escuela conectado a los requerimientos que las empresas privadas o
públicas en Lima metropolitana que solicitan en la práctica del ejercicio profesionaldel economista. Este estudio, pone de manifiesto la sensibilidad e importancia que laEPIEC_ UNI, debe poner en la formación para el empleo de sus titulados. El trabajode investigación se divide en 4 capítulos:
El capítulo 1 se refiere al planteamiento del problema en dos aspectos: La fun-damentación del problema, en el cual se determina que existe un divorcio entre
lo que la escuela profesional de ingeniería económica provee y lo que exigen losempleadores. En segundo lugar se planeta la pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuáles sonlas competencias laborales que los egresados de la escuela profesional de ingenieríaeconómica. UNI deben adquirir para insertarse con éxito en el mercado laboral deLima metropolitana?En el capítulo 2, marco teórico, se destaca el concepto de competencias laboralesentendidas como las capacidades que requieren los egresados para afrontar con éxitolas diferentes áreas del quehacer de las empresas, en el campo macroeconómico,microeconómico, marketing y proyectos de inversión,El capítulo 3, presenta las hipótesis del estudio. La hipótesis principal: Si los egresadosde ingeniería económica de la UNI adquieren competencias laborales que el mercadolaboral exige, se insertarían con mayor éxito. Se presentan las hipótesis secundarias
El capítulo 4, presenta la metodología y el desarrollo de la investigación: La opiniónde los egresados de los cuatro últimos ciclos académicos mediante encuestas y porotro lado la selección de 20 empresas, privadas y del sector público, para recabar laversión del empleador respecto a las capacidades de los egresados de la EPIEC- UNIEl capítulo 5 presenta las principales conclusiones y encuentra una relaciónsignificativa entre las competencias laborales de los egresados de la EPIEC-UNI y lademanda laboral.
Pasivos ambientales mineros, salud y agricultura: una primera aproximación espacial
Authors: Carlos Orihuela José , Huaroto César , Pérez Carlos A. 
Published: May 2021

En la literatura de desarrollo económico internacional abundan estudios sobreimpactos nacionales y locales de las actividades extractivas en empleo e ingresos.No son frecuentes, en cambio, los estudios sobre externalidades negativas como la
contaminación. Utilizando una base de datos administrativa sobre pasivos ambien-tales mineros (PAM) y encuestas de hogares georreferenciadas, exploramos cómo la
cercanía a estos pasivos afecta las condiciones de salud y producción agropecuariaen hogares peruanos para el año 2016. Primero, obtenemos evidencia parcialmente
robusta a correlación espacial de la relación entre cercanía relativa a un PAM e indica-dores de salud: niños con menor altura y peso, según edad, y con mayor probabilidad
de encontrarse desnutridos. Segundo, obtenemos evidencia que la cercanía a PAMse relaciona con un menor número de cabezas de ganado en hogares productoresagropecuarios.
Los agentes contralores y la gestión de inversiones en las universidades públicas del Perú: percepción de los directivos universitarios
Authors: Arnao Rondán Raymundo 
Published: May 2021

En Perú, las universidades públicas tienen dificultades para ejecutar sus proyectos de inversión. En el periodo 2016-2019 el conjunto de ellas ha tenido una baja ejecución algo ascendente, entre 44% y 69%; postergando la atención de necesidades insatisfechas importantes en formación académica, investigación, entre otras.
La presente investigación parte de la idea avalada por la teoría y la evidencia empírica: que la percepción es un importante factor en la toma de decisión; y, la baja ejecución de inversiones en las universidades públicas. Su objetivo general es conocer si el sistema de control –a través de los agentes contralores– influye negativamente o no en la toma de decisión de los directivos de las universidades públicas directamente involucrados en la gestión de inversiones.
Para su desarrollo, se revisó la normatividad que rige el sistema de control en el Perú, así como la que concierne a la gestión de inversiones. Seguidamente, se revisó la literatura pertinente, para luego con ambos insumos diseñar una encuesta que se aplicó a los antes mencionados directivos. El procesamiento de los datos recopilados mediante la encuesta proveyó información importante para determinar en qué modo la percepción del directivo respecto de la actuación de los agentes contralores, constituye un factor que dificulta o no su desempeño. Y sobre la base del respectivo análisis, se extrajo conclusiones y formuló recomendaciones, para coadyuvar en la mejor gestión de inversión en las universidades públicas para atender relevantes demandas en formación académica, investigación y otras del ámbito universitario público nacional.