bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Silk Anchor Structure as the Joint Effect of Spinning Behavior and Spinneret Morphology
Authors: Wolff Jonas O , Michalik Peter , Ravelo Alexandra M , Herberstein Mariella E , Ramírez Martín J 
Published: February 2021

Synopsis
Spider web anchors are attachment structures composed of the bi-phasic glue-fiber secretion from the piriform silk glands. The mechanical performance of the anchors strongly correlates with the structural assembly of the silk lines, which makes spider silk anchors an ideal system to study the biomechanical function of extended phenotypes and its evolution. It was proposed that silk anchor function guided the evolution of spider web architectures, but its fine-structural variation and whether its evolution was rather determined by changes of the shape of the spinneret tip or in the innate spinning choreography remained unresolved. Here, we comparatively studied the micro-structure of silk anchors across the spider tree of life, and set it in relation to spinneret morphology, spinning behavior and the ecology of the spider. We identified a number of apomorphies in the structure of silk anchors that may positively affect anchor function: (1) bundled dragline, (2) dragline envelope, and (3) dragline suspension (“bridge”). All these characters were apomorphic and evolved repeatedly in multiple lineages, supporting the notion that they are adaptive. The occurrence of these structural features can be explained with changes in the shape and mobility of the spinneret tip, the spinning behavior, or both. Spinneret shapes generally varied less than their fine-tuned movements, indicating that changes in construction behavior play a more important role in the evolution of silk anchor assembly. However, the morphology of the spinning apparatus is also a major constraint to the evolution of the spinning choreography. These results highlight the changes in behavior as the proximate and in morphology as the ultimate causes of extended phenotype evolution. Further, this research provides a roadmap for future bioprospecting research to design high-performance instant line anchors.
Corrigendum to: An extension problem and trace Hardy inequality for the sublaplacian on H-type groups
Authors: Roncal Luz , Thangavelu Sundaram 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently we have found a couple of errors in our paper entitled An extension problem and trace Hardy inequality for the sub-Laplacian on $H$-type groups, Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN (2020), no. 14, 4238–4294. They concern Propositions 3.12–3.13, and Theorem 1.5, Corollary 1.6 and Remark 4.10. The purpose of this corrigendum is to point out the errors and supply necessary modifications where it is applicable.
Final analysis of a Multicenter Single-Arm Confirmatory Trial of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery in Japan: JCOG0906
Authors: Nozaki Miwako , Kagami Yoshikazu , Machida Ryunosuke , Nakamura Kenichi , Ito Yoshinori , Nishimura Yasumasa , Teshima Teruki , Saito Yoshihiro , Nagata Yasushi , Matsumoto Yasuo , Akimoto Tetsuo , Hiraoka Masahiro ,   Japan Clinical Oncology Group, Radiation Therapy Study Group
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation for Asian women after breast-conserving surgery. This is an updated report with 5-year follow-up.

Methods and materials
Asian women who had invasive breast cancer with clinical tumor size ≤3 cm, pN0-1c and negative inked margins were enrolled. Hypofractionated whole breast irradiation of 42.56 Gy/16 fractions was delivered, and boost irradiation of 10.64 Gy/4 fractions was added when the surgical margin was ≤5 mm. The primary endpoint was the proportion of grade ≥ 2 late adverse reactions within 3 years. Secondary endpoints included early adverse events, overall survival, disease-free survival, ipsilateral breast relapse-free survival, late adverse reactions and cosmetic outcome. Toxicities were evaluated using CTCAE ver3.0. Cosmetic outcomes were assessed using a 4-point scale and CTCAE ver3.0 for hyper/hypopigmentation, breast nipple/areolar deformity and breast volume/deformity.

Results
Between February 2010 and August 2012, 312 patients were enrolled, and 306 received hypofractionated whole breast irradiation. Median follow-up was 70.5 (range 7.6–88.9) months. The proportion of grade ≥ 2 late adverse reactions within 3 years was 4.3% (90% confidence interval 2.5–6.7%). Grade 2 early adverse events occurred in 38 (12.4%); none had grade 3/4. Five-year overall survival, disease-free survival and ipsilateral breast relapse-free survival were 98.7, 95.4 and 98.0%, respectively. Of the 304 evaluable patients, 29 (9.5%; 95% confidence interval 6.5–13.4%) had grade 2/3 late adverse reactions; none had grade 4/5. At 5 years, 70/289 (24.2%) showed any worsening of breast cosmetic changes.

Conclusions
Hypofractionated whole breast irradiation is considered a standard treatment for Asian women with margin-negative invasive breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery.
Prognostic factors and impact of surgery in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma at diagnosis: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Zhang Liuzhe , Akiyama Toru , Fukushima Takashi , Iwata Shintaro , Tsuda Yusuke , Takeshita Katsushi , Kawai Akira , Tanaka Sakae , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Approximately 10% of the patients with soft tissue sarcoma show metastasis at initial diagnosis, and hence, poorer prognosis. However, the prognostic factors and whether definitive surgery for the primary lesion improves overall survival, especially when complete resection of metastasis is difficult, remain unclear.

Methods
This retrospective analysis was based on the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan. Patients with soft tissue sarcoma having metastasis at diagnosis were enrolled, excluding those with Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and several other sarcomas with unique behavior and treatment strategies. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared among the common histologic subtypes. Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors.

Results
In total, 1184 patients were included, with a median follow-up duration of 10 months (range: 1–83). The median overall survival was 21 months (95% confidence interval: 18.2–23.8). The multivariate analyses indicated that tumor size, grade and histologic subtypes significantly correlated with overall survival. Moreover, surgery for the primary lesion, in addition to surgery for metastases and chemotherapy, showed significant association with better survival.

Conclusions
The prognostic factors in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma at diagnosis are generally similar to those in patients with localized disease. The overall survival in patients differed significantly according to histologic subtype. Surgical resection of primary lesions, especially those with a wide margin, may be an independent prognostic factor. Further studies are needed identify which subgroup of patients would benefit the most from primary lesion surgery.
SNF1-related protein kinase 1: the many-faced signaling hub regulating developmental plasticity in plants
Authors: Jamsheer K Muhammed , Kumar Manoj , Srivastava Vibha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Snf1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is the plant homolog of the heterotrimeric AMP-activated protein kinase/sucrose non-fermenting 1 (AMPK/Snf1), which works as a major regulator of growth under nutrient-limiting conditions in eukaryotes. Along with its conserved role as a master regulator of sugar starvation responses, SnRK1 is involved in controlling the developmental plasticity and resilience under diverse environmental conditions in plants. In this review, through mining and analyzing the interactome and phosphoproteome data of SnRK1, we are highlighting its role in fundamental cellular processes such as gene regulation, protein synthesis, primary metabolism, protein trafficking, nutrient homeostasis, and autophagy. Along with the well-characterized molecular interaction in SnRK1 signaling, our analysis highlights several unchartered regions of SnRK1 signaling in plants such as its possible communication with chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, and inositol phosphate signaling. We also discuss potential reciprocal interactions of SnRK1 signaling with other signaling pathways and cellular processes, which could be involved in maintaining flexibility and homeostasis under different environmental conditions. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the SnRK1 signaling network in plants and suggests many novel directions for future research.
On the Consistency and Reversibility of Certain Sequences of Counterfactual Assertions
Authors: Klecha Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper is about Sobel sequences, which are sequences of counterfactuals that supposedly display two interesting properties: first, they are consistent, as accounted for by the famous Lewis-Stalnaker analysis; but second, they are not consistent in the reverse order, which is not accounted for by Lewis-Stalnaker. I argue that there has been an empirical oversight in the literature on these sequences: there are consistent sequences (which I call true Sobel sequences), and there are irreversible sequences (which I call Lewis sequences), but no sequence is both. The Lewis-Stalnaker theory neatly captures Sobel sequences, and also captures the inconsistency (in both directions) of Lewis sequences. But there is still a dynamic asymmetry at work with Lewis sequences, which I account for by appeal to the pragmatic phenomenon of imprecision. Lewis sequences seem consistent because they do not belie factual disagreements, but rather metalinguistic disagreements about how precise to be. This also accounts for their irreversibility—such metalinguistic disagreements about the standard of precision are only possible in one direction, as famously observed by Lewis (1979), who observed them in discourses not containing counterfactuals.
The GALAH survey: tracing the Galactic disc with open clusters
Authors: Spina L , Ting Y-S , De Silva G M , Frankel N , Sharma S , Cantat-Gaudin T , Joyce M , Stello D , Karakas A I , Asplund M B , Nordlander T , Casagrande L , D’Orazi V , Casey A R , Cottrell P , Tepper-García T , Baratella M , Kos J , Čotar K , Bland-Hawthorn J , Buder S , Freeman K C , Hayden M R , Lewis G F , Lin J , Lind K , Martell S L , Schlesinger K J , Simpson J D , Zucker D B , Zwitter T 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Open clusters are unique tracers of the history of our own Galaxy’s disc. According to our membership analysis based on Gaia astrometry, out of the 226 potential clusters falling in the footprint of the GALactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey or the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey, we find that 205 have secure members that were observed by at least one of the surveys. Furthermore, members of 134 clusters have high-quality spectroscopic data that we use to determine their chemical composition. We leverage this information to study the chemical distribution throughout the Galactic disc of 21 elements, from C to Eu. The radial metallicity gradient obtained from our analysis is −0.076 ± 0.009 dex kpc−1, which is in agreement with previous works based on smaller samples. Furthermore, the gradient in the [Fe/H]–guiding radius (rguid) plane is −0.073 ± 0.008 dex kpc−1. We show consistently that open clusters trace the distribution of chemical elements throughout the Galactic disc differently than field stars. In particular, at the given radius, open clusters show an age–metallicity relation that has less scatter than field stars. As such scatter is often interpreted as an effect of radial migration, we suggest that these differences are due to the physical selection effect imposed by our Galaxy: clusters that would have migrated significantly also had higher chances to get destroyed. Finally, our results reveal trends in the [X/Fe]–rguid–age space, which are important to understand production rates of different elements as a function of space and time.
Endonasal Endoscopic Approach for a Psammomatous Juvenile Active Ossifying Fibroma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Khan Nickalus R , Elarjani Turki , Crespo Jolie A , Sargi Zoukaa , Morcos Jacques J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the case of an 18-yr-old female with 4 mo of progressive vision loss in the left eye. She underwent a computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which revealed a large mass in the sphenoid sinus, sella, and anterior cranial fossa. This mass was T1 isointense, with heterogenous enhancement noted on T1 with gadolinium sequences. The mass was found to have calcifications and cystic portions on T2-weighted MRI scans and CT-based imaging. She underwent an endonasal endoscopic approach for resection of the mass. The tumor was found to be bloody, with islands of bone nests within the dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa. The patient improved postoperatively. The pathological diagnosis was found to be the psammomatoid variant of juvenile active ossifying fibroma (JAOF). We present the neuroimaging, anatomic nuances,
1
and operative techniques used in this case. We also review the disease background of this rare lesion of the anterior skull base.
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The patient gave informed consent for the procedure and verbal consent for the publication of this article.
Family Therapy for Treating Trauma
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert  J. , Lee Mo Yee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Family Therapy for Trauma: An Integrative Family and Systems Treatment (I-FAST) Approach offers a stand-alone family therapy treatment approach for trauma, addressing a gap in the trauma treatment literature. The book outlines a flexible yet structured family therapy approach that can integrate intervention procedures from any of the evidence-based manualized trauma treatments into a family treatment framework. The authors show how this flexibility offers great advantages for engaging trauma survivors and their families into treatment, who otherwise would not cooperate with standard trauma treatment approaches. They show how tracking and utilizing client and family frames in the organizing of treatment enhances both family engagement and the healing process in general. We show the role of family interactional patterns in the perpetuation of trauma symptoms and how changing these patterns leads to the resolution of trauma symptoms. The book demonstrates how tracking and enlarging interactional exceptions plays a key role in overcoming problems related to trauma. For clients who are not interested in trauma treatment, the authors show how treatment focusing on whatever issue they are willing to address can simultaneously resolve their trauma symptoms.
Trauma and Interactional Patterns
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Family interactional patterns that interfere with the resolution of trauma symptoms are identified in detail. Two types of patterns are described: how family are habitually responding to trauma symptoms and how the family was structured before traumatic events occurred and their respective impact on trauma. Several case examples are offered with one or both types of patterns identified in each case.
Stories of Violence and Resilience
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Intense urban violence as a source of trauma is examined. Epidemiology of urban violence and its consequences for development of posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma-related difficulties is shown. Social structures and frames common in violent urban neighborhoods are described. Factors related to strengths and resiliency are identified. How to intervene on both a family and neighborhood level within integrative family and systems treatment (I-FAST) is outlined. Several stories and case examples are given.
Intergenerational Trauma
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Intergenerational trauma and subsequent impairment of trauma survivors parenting of their children is explored. How to engage these parents in integrative family and systems treatment (I-FAST) and how to simultaneously help with their parenting impairments and their trauma symptoms is described. Four cases are examined in detail, covering four types of treatment situations. In Cases 1 and 2, helping a trauma survivor parent when they are requesting help for their problem teenagers, but not for their trauma-related difficulties is described. In Case 3, helping a trauma survivor mother focus directly on resolving her trauma symptoms as a method for helping her seriously impaired daughter is described. In Case 4, focusing on serious dissociative symptoms of a mother, which only developed after the successful resolution of her son’s difficulties is described.
Supporting Evidence for I-FAST Treatment of Trauma
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Wang Xiafei , Scott Pamela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter describes evidence and efficacy of I-FAST as a treatment model primarily for child and adolescents with DSM diagnoses as well as families with history of intergenerational trauma. Efficacy of I-FAST was established by five published studies since 2009. These studies focus on I-FAST efficacy on child- and family-level outcomes, role of systems collaborations, and I-FAST training model. In addition, this chapter presents detailed findings of two recent studies. Chapter 3 outlined the positive impact of safe, predictable, and harmonious families on moderating the effects of trauma. Study 1 demonstrates the positive impact of I-FAST on family cohesion, family adaptability, family communication, and family satisfaction. Study 2 is an ethnographic study that demonstrates the impact of utilizing I-FAST—a strengths-based, family systems approach—when treating children who have family histories of intergenerational trauma.
All-Stars
Authors: Robin William 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In 1992, Bang on a Can launched their own in-house ensemble, the All-Stars, an amplified sextet designed to take the spirit of the festival on the road. Along with building a new audience via national and international tours, the All-Stars also unlocked a new source of earned income for Bang on a Can amidst an era of declining government support. The sound and image of the extroverted ensemble facilitated a pivot in Bang on a Can’s identity, from strongly emphasizing the overcoming of stylistic divides within new music (as epitomized by the uptown–downtown binary) to instead emphasizing the blurring of genre boundaries between contemporary classical music and rock. The All-Stars also instantiated a division of labor between composers and performers that was unusual in the history of new-music ensembles and led to some significant tensions, tied to how Bang on a Can carefully positioned their new group toward the marketplace.
Epilogue
Authors: Robin William 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
By the early twenty-first century, new music’s marketplace turn was complete, though Bang on a Can’s journey had only begun: in the past two decades, they have received Pulitzer Prizes and grown into a multi-faced, multi-million dollar organization. The three founders began writing more large-scale works, and Bang on a Can’s marathons at the World Financial Center expanded their audience and diversified their programming. With their summer institute in the Berkshires, Bang on a Can has cultivated their ethos among a new generation of entrepreneurial composers, including the prominent indie classical scene, while American new music has grown from a fringe phenomenon to a cottage industry. But in the wake of the Great Recession, younger musicians are emerging amidst a crowded and precarious market, in which opportunities proliferate but stability remains elusive.
Introduction
Authors: Natale Simone 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The introduction presents the main arguments of the book and the theoretical and historical background guiding the analysis, proposing a shift in approaches to artificial intelligence on the basis of a new assumption: that what machines are changing is primarily us: humans. It introduces the concept of “banal deception,” which describes deceptive mechanisms and practices that are embedded in media technologies and contribute to their integration into everyday life. Five key characteristics of banal deception are outlined and discussed: first, its everyday and ordinary character; second, its functionality and the fact that it always has some potential value to the user; third, its obliviousness, or the fact that the deception is not understood as such but taken for granted; fourth, its low definition, which refers to the fact that it demands participation from users in the construction of sense; and fifth, that banal deception is not just imposed on users but also “programmed” by designers and developers.
The Turing Test
Authors: Natale Simone 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The relationship between AI and deception was initially explored by Alan Turing, who famously proposed in 1950 a practical test addressing the question “Can machines think?” This chapter argues that Turing’s proposal of the Imitation Game, now more commonly called the Turing test, located the prospects of AI not just in improvements of hardware and software but also in a more complex scenario emerging from the interaction between humans and computers. The Turing test, by placing humans at the center of its design as judges and as conversation agents alongside computers, created a space to imagine and experiment with AI technologies in terms of their credibility to human users. This entailed the discovery that AI was to be achieved not only through the development of more complex and functional computing technologies but also through the use of strategies and techniques exploiting humans’ liability to illusion and deception.
The ELIZA Effect
Authors: Natale Simone 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on ELIZA, the first chatbot program, developed in the 1960s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Joseph Weizenbaum to engage in written conversations with users of the MAC time-sharing system. The program’s alleged capacity for conversation attracted the attention of audiences in the United States and the world, and Weizenbaum’s book Computer Power and Human Reasons (1976) drew readers from well outside his discipline of computer science. In the process, the program presented AI in ways that sharply contrasted with the vision of human-machine symbiosis that dominated approaches to human-computer interaction at the time. Drawing on Weizenbaum’s writings, computer science literature, and journalistic reports, the chapter argues that the impact of this alternative vision was not without consequence, informing the development of critical approaches to digital media as well as of actual technologies and pragmatic strategies in AI research.
Of Daemons, Dogs, and Trees
Authors: Natale Simone 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines how AI was embedded in a range of software applications from the late 1970s to the 1990s—a period marked by the emergence of personal computing. Focusing on diverse software artifacts such as computer daemons, digital games, and social interfaces, the chapter interrogates the ways developers introduced deceptive mechanisms within a wider framework promising universal access and ease of use for computing technologies, and how their doing so informed work that was aimed at improving the usability of computing systems. Their explorations of this territory involved a crucial shift away from considering deception something that could be dispelled by making computers more “transparent” and toward the full integration of forms of deception in the experiences of users interacting with AI.