bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birmingham Intervention Tent Technique (BITT): A Technical Note
Authors: Rajakulasingam R. , Kho J. , Almeer G. , Azzopardi C. , James S. L. , Botchu R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective We describe a novel and safe CT biopsy technique that we have termed the “Birmingham intervention tent technique (BITT).” This technique is ideal for biopsying osseous lesions where a direct approach is not possible due to difficult positioning.
Methods The BITT uses a plastic surgical forceps clamp attached at an angle to the biopsy needle, creating a tent shape. The finger rings of the forceps is stabilized on the table.
Results In our institution, we have already used the BITT successfully in over 10 cases.
Conclusion The BITT is an inexpensive and reproducible technique.
Assessment of Financial Conflicts of Interest Related to the Use of Dermal Substitutes in Burn Management
Authors: Radparvar Jacob , Tian Tina , Karamchandani Manish , Aalberg Jeffrey , Driscoll Daniel , Homsy Christopher , Chatterjee Abhishek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to systematically review the accuracy of the self-reporting of conflicts of interest (COIs) among studies related to the use of dermal substitute products in burn management and evaluate factors associated with increased discrepancies. To do so, a literature search was done to identify studies investigating the use of dermal substitutes in burn management published between 2015 and 2019. Industry payments were collected using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database. Declared COIs were then compared with the listed payments. Studies and authors were considered to have a COI if they received payments totaling more than $100 for each company. A total of 51 studies (322 authors) were included for analysis. Forty studies and 104 authors received at least one payment from the industry. Of these studies, 38 (95%) studies and 91 (88%) authors were found to have a COI discrepancy. From 2015 to 2019, 1391 general payments (totaling $1,696,848) and 108 research payments (totaling $1,849,537) were made by 82 companies. When increasing the threshold on what would be considered an undisclosed payment, the proportion of authors with discrepancies gradually decreased, from 88% of authors with undisclosed payments more than $100 to 27% of authors with undisclosed payments more than $10,000. Author order, journal impact factor, and study type were not significantly associated with increased risk of discrepancy. We found that the majority of studies investigating the use of dermal substitute products for burn management did not accurately declare COI, highlighting the need for a uniform declaration process and greater transparency of industry sponsorship by authors when publishing peer-reviewed burn surgery research papers.
Transparency, Contracting Frictions, and Trade: Evidence across Firms
Authors: Fisman Raymond , Hardy Eric , Mityakov Sergey 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Firms engage in off-the-books activities to avoid taxes and government oversight. We conjecture, however, that hidden transactions also increase a firm’s opacity, which leads to ex ante contracting frictions that may be particularly costly when trading partners have little legal recourse for contract abrogation. We study these tradeoffs using Russian firm- and transaction-level data. Consistent with hidden transactions leading to higher contracting frictions, we show that firms with more off-the-books activities tend to be in low contract intensity industries and are less likely to participate in import/export transactions. Conditional on engaging in international trade, off-the-books firms are more likely to trade in homogeneous products in which quality is easier to identify (JEL D22, D23, D73, F14).
Mixed Amphetamine Salts Without a Mood Stabilizer for Treating Comorbid Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Bipolar Disorder: Two Case Reports
Authors: Armstrong Cody , Kapolowicz Michelle R 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often comorbid in patients and can have significant overlap in symptoms. Because of this common comorbidity and often overlapping symptoms, accurate diagnoses can be difficult. The standard treatment for these comorbid disorders is a mood stabilizer with the possibility of adding a psychostimulant. However, research suggesting treatment for comorbid disorders with a psychostimulant without a mood stabilizer is lacking. Here, we present two cases where mixed amphetamine salts, which are traditionally avoided in those with BD, were effectively used without a mood stabilizer to treat comorbid BD and ADHD in both patients. The outcome of this case series serves to motivate future investigations which are needed to validate treatment with a psychostimulant without a mood stabilizer for the treatment of comorbid BD and ADHD.
Tidal disruption event discs are larger than they seem: removing systematic biases in TDE X-ray spectral modelling
Authors: Mummery Andrew 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The physical sizes of tidal disruption event (TDE) accretion discs are regularly inferred, from modelling of the TDEs X-ray spectrum as a single-temperature blackbody, to be smaller than the plausible event horizons of the black holes which they occur around – a clearly unphysical result. In this Lltter, we demonstrate that the use of single-temperature blackbody functions results in the systematic underestimation of TDE accretion disc sizes by as much as an order of magnitude. In fact, the radial ‘size’ inferred from fitting a single-temperature blackbody to an observed accretion disc X-ray spectrum does not even positively correlate with the physical size of that accretion disc. We further demonstrate that the disc-observer inclination angle and absorption of X-ray photons may both lead to additional underestimation of the radial sizes of TDE discs, but by smaller factors. To rectify these issues, we present a new fitting function which accurately reproduces the size of an accretion disc from its 0.3−10 keV X-ray spectrum. Unlike traditional approaches, this new fitting function does not assume that the accretion disc has reached a steady-state configuration, an assumption which is unlikely to be satisfied by most TDEs.
Les inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine ou de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline pendant la grossesse : les effets cliniques chez les nourrissons et les enfants
Authors: Hendson Leonora , Shah Vibhuti , Trkulja Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Le présent document de principes fournit des conseils sur la surveillance, les soins et le suivi des nouveau-nés exposés in utero à des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine ou de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline. La dépression et l’anxiété sont courantes pendant la grossesse et la période postnatale. Bien qu’il y ait des risques à prendre des médicaments pendant la grossesse, la dépression et l’anxiété non traitées ou traitées insuffisamment comportent aussi des risques pour le nouveau-né. Le tiers des nouveau-nés exposés in utero à des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine ou de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline présente un syndrome d’inadaptation néonatale, mais il est généralement léger et autorésolutif. Les faibles taux de ces médicaments excrétés dans le lait maternel n’empêchent pas l’allaitement. Dans de rares cas, l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire persistante du nouveau-né et les cardiopathies congénitales sont associées à l’exposition à ces médicaments in utero. Les publications scientifiques ne s’entendent pas toutes sur l’évolution neurodéveloppementale de ces enfants, notamment pour ce qui est du trouble du spectre de l’autisme et du trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité. Ces incohérences découlent probablement d’autres facteurs (génétique, dépression de la mère, mode de vie, autres problèmes de santé), plutôt que de l’exposition in utero à des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine ou de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline. Les professionnels de la santé et les parents devraient être rassurés : en général, des mesures non pharmacologiques suffisent pour traiter le syndrome d’inadaptation néonatale, et le risque de graves effets indésirables découlant de l’exposition à ces médicaments in utero est faible.
A global pandemic Covid-19: the UK tax consequences of restrictions on movement and how the costs of ongoing government support will be funded by UK taxpayers in the long term
Authors: Brassey John , Burns Rosalind 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The impacts of Covid-19 have been felt across the globe. Governments have grappled to try and contain the virus, restricting movement to protect their people and trying to protect their economy. Funding the support packages and the long-term effects of this pandemic will come from taxation. The UK government recently announced its latest budget, but was it as expected? It was widely speculated that there would be an increase in Capital Gains Tax but, with no mention in the Chancellor’s speech, is there still a risk of an imminent increase? Is there anything that can be done now in anticipation?
Modernizing the PA and NP workforce
Authors: McGrath Bridget A. , Saltzman Jina , Cardin Tracy , Callender Brian 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has been exceptionally disruptive to healthcare delivery, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of our healthcare system. Though systems will continue to improvise in the short term to provide essential patient care, thoughtful consideration should be given to a long-term approach to improve healthcare delivery. Policy makers, legislators, and healthcare system leaders have the opportunity to reflect on lessons learned during this time and update outdated and detrimental restrictions affecting healthcare providers who have been vital to the pandemic response. This article focuses on lessons learned about the use of physician assistants and NPs, who have been readily deployed during this time.
Association between nuclear factor of activated T cells C2 polymorphisms and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors
Authors: Kim Woorim , Kim Hyun Jeong , Trinh Nga Thi , Yeon Ha Rim , Kim Joo Hee , Choi In Ah , Kim Hyoun-Ah , Jung Ju-Yang , Lee Kyung Eun 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
Nuclear factor of activated T cells C2 (NFATC2) is known as a member of the transcription family and enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) synthesis in human T cells at the gene transcription level. Although NFATC2 has a potential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression and treatment, no study has investigated the association between NFATC2 gene polymorphisms and response status in RA patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors. This study aimed to examine the effects of polymorphisms in NFATC2, a TNF-α transcription factor, on response to TNF-α inhibitors.

Methods
This prospective observational study was performed in two centers. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated. Good responders were defined as patients with disease activity score (DAS)28 ≤3.2 after 6 months of treatment. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms and response to the treatment. To test the model’s goodness of fit, a Hosmer–Lemeshow test was performed.

Results
This study included 98 patients, among whom 46 showed favorable responses to the treatment. Patients with hypertension revealed an approximately three-fold lower response to TNF-α inhibitors compared to those without hypertension (23.5 vs. 76.5%; P = 0.049). After adjusting for covariates, C allele carriers of NFATC2 rs3787186 exhibited approximately three-fold lower rates of treatment response compared to those with TT genotype (P = 0.037). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed that the fitness of the multivariable analysis model was satisfactory (χ2 = 9.745; 8 degrees of freedom; P = 0.283).

Conclusion
This study suggested an association between the C allele of rs3787186 and treatment response in RA patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors.
In-Person Versus Telehealth for Concussion Clinical Care in Adolescents: A Pilot Study of Therapeutic Alliance and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Elbin R. J. , Stephenson Katie , Lipinski Damon , Maxey Kristin , Womble Melissa N. , Reynolds Erin , Covert Kayla , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To conduct a pilot study of caregiver ratings of therapeutic alliance and patient satisfaction outcomes between telehealth and in-person concussion clinical care in male and female adolescent athletes.

Setting:
Outpatient neuropsychology concussion clinic.

Participants:
Fifteen patients (aged 15.40 ± 1.35 years; 33% female) with a concussion and their accompanying caregivers (n = 15; 87% female) were randomly assigned to an in-person clinic visit and 15 patients (aged 15.13 ± 1.25 years; 40% female) with a concussion and their accompanying caregivers (n = 15; 73% female) were randomly assigned to a telehealth clinic visit.

Design:
A prospective, randomized design.

Main Measures:
Therapeutic alliance and patient satisfaction scores.

Results:
Therapeutic alliance scores were not significantly different for patients in the in-person or telehealth setting, and caregiver therapeutic alliance scores were significantly higher for the in-person condition than for the telehealth condition. There were no significant differences between in-person and telehealth session satisfaction scores for patients on depth, smoothness, positivity, arousal, and bad-good outcomes. Patient and caregiver satisfaction with the clinical setting was high (ie, General Endorsement).

Conclusion:
Telehealth is feasible for assessing and interpreting clinical concussion examination, interview, and neurocognitive findings, which are perceived by patients and their caregivers to be comparable with in-person care. Positive satisfaction scores also serve to reinforce the need for healthcare providers to seek ways to actively engage with patients and their caregivers through elements of communicative skills such as active listening, building patient rapport, encouraging patient autonomy, and providing an adequate amount of time for interaction and questions. Telehealth for concussion care is increasing in implementation across health systems, and demand is likely to grow in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic and advances in telehealth delivery.
The Persistence of Blast- Versus Impact-Induced Concussion Symptomology Following Deployment
Authors: Belding Jennifer N. , Khokhar Bilal , Englert Robyn Martin , Fitzmaurice Shannon , Thomsen Cynthia J. 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
To examine the persistence of concussion-related symptoms following injury as a function of mechanism of injury (high-level blast [HLB] vs impact) and low-level blast (LLB) exposure among Marines.

Setting:
Upon return from deployment and approximately 6 months later, respectively, Marines completed the Post-Deployment Health Assessment and Post-Deployment Health Re-Assessment in an operational or clinic setting.

Participants:
Data from active duty enlisted Marines who completed both assessments (n = 102 075) and who reported a potentially mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)-inducing event and completed an mTBI screen (n = 8106) were analyzed.

Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study of Marines deployed between 2008 and 2012. Marines were categorized into groups with relatively high versus low risk for occupational risk of LLB exposure. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to examine the number of symptoms Marines reported experiencing during deployment as a function of probable concussion, HLB exposure, occupational risk, type of symptom, and time of measurement.

Main Measures:
Self-reported deployment exposures including HLB, probable mTBIs, and occupational risk of LLB exposure were identified. Outcomes included the proportion of neurological, musculoskeletal, and immunological symptoms for which Marines reported seeking care during and following deployment were analyzed.

Results:
Probable HLB-induced mTBIs (vs impact-induced) were associated with significantly more neurological symptoms at return from deployment and approximately 6 months later. Although symptom reporting decreased at statistically equivalent rates regardless of mechanism of injury, those with a probable HLB-induced concussion continued to report elevated symptomology post-deployment. Additionally, Marines with probable concussion working in occupations with LLB exposure reported elevated levels of persistent neurological symptoms. Both HLB and LLB exposure were associated with neurological symptoms that persisted following deployment.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that blast-induced brain injuries may be fundamentally different from impact-induced injuries, and that additional screening and symptomatic treatment for blast-exposed patients may be warranted.
Pre-existing chronic kidney disease and hypertension increased the risk of cardiotoxicity among colorectal cancer patients treated with anticancer drugs
Authors: Ho Chin-Chin , Wen Pin-Chun , Yu Wen-Chung , Hu Yu-Wen , Yang Chen-Chang 
Published: July 2021

Background:
This population-based study was to investigate the potential risk factors of cardiotoxicity among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with anticancer drugs.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database to identify the CRC patients receiving chemotherapy (CT) alone or CT combined with targeted therapies between 2000 and 2013. The patients enrolled were those who had the first diagnosis of CRC established ≥20 years and had no cancer history three years before the incident diagnosis of CRC. The outcomes of cardiotoxicity were defined by the diagnosis of acute myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, and so on.

Results:
A total of 11 819 CRC patients were identified and 3781 were eligible; 556 (14.7%) patients developed cardiotoxicity after receiving anticancer treatment. Patients showed a similar risk of having primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.7; p = 0.3662) between CT and CT combined with targeted therapy groups, whereas the risk of developing secondary outcome was significantly different between the two groups (HR, 0.7; p = 0.0339). The hazard was found to be increased with age (60–69, HR 2.1, p = 0.0236; 70–79, HR 3.3, p = 0.0003; and ≥80, HR 3.7, p < 0.0001). CRC patients who had a prior history of hypertension exhibited a higher risk than those without hypertension (HR 1.6, p < 0.0001). The hazard of having cardiotoxicity among patients with a prior history of severe chronic kidney disease was 2.4 times than that in those without renal dysfunction, regardless of the stage of cancer (HR 2.4, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
CRC patients over 60 years of age run a higher risk of developing cardiotoxicity when treated with anticancer drugs. For CRC patients who have a previous history of hypertension or chronic kidney disease, physicians must be careful in evaluating the risk of anticancer drugs–related cardiotoxicity. Prescribe drugs may prevent cardiotoxicity if necessary.
FDG-Avid Sclerosing Adenosis of the Breast Mimicking Malignancy
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yu Zhongfei , Dong Aisheng , Zhu Yuzhao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sclerosing adenosis is a common benign proliferative disorder of the breast. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of sclerosing adenosis showing focal intense FDG uptake mimicking malignancy. This case indicates that sclerosing adenosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of focal breast FDG accumulation along with malignant and nonmalignant conditions.
The Role of Rigid Suspension and Fixation in Treating Lagophthalmos After Lower Eyelid Reconstruction
Authors: Yang Tianye , Zhang Duo , Rong Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A patient with severe eyelid defects caused by a car accident was admitted to the Plastic Surgery Department of the First Hospital of Jilin University. The lower eyelid was first reconstructed with autogenous palatal mucosa and a temporal musculocutaneous flap, which provided adequate tissue volume. Postoperatively, eyelid closure was good. After long-term follow-up, the reconstructed lower eyelid showed laxity and downward movement. The eyelid could not close completely and lagophthalmos occurred. Then, the lower eyelid was suspended by the fascia lata. The suture at the point of fixation became loose again after the operation. Incomplete eyelid closure recurred. Finally, palmaris longus tendon graft suspension combined with screw fixation was used to obtain a satisfactory therapeutic effect. in summary, rigid suspension and fixation can provide adequate lateral tension to resist lower reconstructed eyelid shifting and lagophthalmos, which is important for the maintenance of lasting effects.
Morphometric Analysis of the Mental Foramen Variation in an Iraqi Population by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Hassan Thair Abdel Lateef , Mohammed Heba Basim , Al-Ghurabi Zainab H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effects of gender, side, and ridge condition on the position of the mental foramen (MF) were investigated in this research. A total of 122 cone-beam computed tomography scans were chosen from healthy patients with age ranging from 18 to 72 years. The following parameters were used to evaluate images: MS-MF (horizontal distance to the mandibular symphysis from the anterior MF limit) and MB-MF (vertical measurement of distance from the inferior boundary of the mandible to the lower border of the MF). The mean distance between the MF and mandibular symphysis was 20.98 ± 1.95. The average measurement between the MF and the mandible's lower boundary was 10.36 ± 1.63. The horizontal distance was slightly different between males and females (21.5 ± 1.59 and 20.6 ± 1.6, respectively). In terms of gender and ridge condition, a significant difference in vertical distance (10.97 ± 1.14 versus 9.9 ± 1.24 and 10.13 ± 1.5 versus 10.55 ± 1.07, respectively) was observed. By contrast, in vertical and horizontal distances, significant differences were noted between edentulous men and women. Meanwhile, a significant difference between dentate male and female patients was found at vertical distances only. In conclusion, in both vertical and horizontal measurements, the location of the MF was higher in males than in females and edentulous more than dentate.
A New Method for Anterior Boundary Demarcation of the Nasopharynx in Three-Dimensional Analysis
Authors: Wang Rongyang , Li Feifei , Chen Shuai , Liu Dongxu , Yang Ruimei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the upper airway have been extensively applied and researched, but the division of the airway is carried out in various ways, especially when demarcating the anterior boundary of the nasopharynx. The present study was to propose a new method based on the anatomical definition for the anterior boundary demarcation of the nasopharynx used in three-dimensional analysis. Twenty computed tomography scans (age 9.5 ± 2.5 years, 11 males, and 9 females) of head and neck were randomly selected and transferred to Materialism's interactive medical image control system 19.0 for segmentation of the nasopharynx. Precise localization of the reference points that determining the nasopharyngeal anterior and inferior boundaries was managed by recording their coordinates in the interface of the software. The area of the anterior and the inferior boundaries, and the volume of the nasopharynx were measured and repeated with a 2-week interval for the consistency test. Both the interobserver reliability as well as the intra-observer reliability were very high (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.985–0.997). Paired t test showed no significant difference between the first and the second examinations. This new simple method proposed for demarcation of the nasopharyngeal anterior boundary was based on the innate anatomical boundary, which was statistically reliable, technically convenient, and clinically reasonable.