bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Modic Changes on Cervical Fusion After Single-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.
Authors: Zhang Mengxin , Zhang Shangpu , Shen Yong , Wu Zhanyong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cervical Modic changes and cervical fusion. Methods: This study enrolled 222 patients who underwent single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF) surgical treatment between April 2014 and July 2019 at our institution, xingtai mining group general. All patients were followed up for more than 1 year after surgery. According to the presence or absence of Modic changes, 66 cases were divided into group A with Modic changes and 156 cases in group B without Modic changes. The pathological changes of cervical spine Modic were divided into 3 stages: Type 1 (inflammation or edema), manifested as endplate and subendplate The tissue is replaced by fibrovascular tissue, accompanied by granulation tissue ingrowth, bone marrow and trabecular edema; type 2 (fatty stage or yellow bone marrow stage), showing the corresponding histopathological changes as red bone marrow transition between trabecular bone It is yellow bone marrow with a large amount of adipose tissue deposition; Type 3 (osteosclerosis stage), which manifests as the endplate and the sub-endplate tissue hyperplasia and hardening into bone tissue. The bone healing process is roughly divided into the organizing period of hematoma formation; the original callus formation period; and the plastic period of callus transformation. According to Modic I, II, and III classifications, sub-groups are carried out in sequence: A1, A2, A3, and the differences in fusion between the groups during follow-up are compared. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups at the 3 months (p=0.004) and 6 months (p=0.044) follow-up of group A and group B, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups at the last follow-up (p=0.43) Significance; the three groups of A1, A2, and A3 were followed up for 3 months (p=0.007) and 6 months (p=0.002). The difference between the three groups was statistically significant, and the difference between the three groups at the last follow-up (p=0.092) No statistical significance. Conclusion: The fusion rate of patients with cervical Modic changes in the early and middle postoperative period is lower than that of normal cervical patients, and the fusion effect of Modic type I patients is better than that of Moidc II and III. However, the last follow-up showed that all patients have achieved fusion, that is, cervical Modic changes have a positive effect. The patient's fusion rate has no effect.
Systematically developing a family-based health promotion intervention for women with prior gestational diabetes based on evidence, theory and co-production: the Face-it study
Authors: Maindal Helle Terkildsen , Timm Anne , Dahl-Petersen Inger Katrine , Davidsen Emma , Hillersdal Line , Jensen Nanna Husted , Thøgersen Maja , Jensen Dorte Møller , Ovesen Per , Damm Peter , Kampmann Ulla , Vinter Christina Anne , Mathiesen Elisabeth Reinhardt , Nielsen Karoline Kragelund 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes; however, this risk can be reduced by engaging in e.g. healthy diet and regular physical activity. As such behaviours are difficult to obtain there is a need to develop sustainable behavioural interventions following GDM. We aimed to report the process of systematically developing a health promotion intervention to increase quality of life and reduce diabetes risk among women with prior GDM and their families. We distil general lessons about developing complex interventions through co-production and discuss our extensions to intervention development frameworks.Methods: The development process draws on the Medical Research Council UK Development of complex interventions in primary care framework and an adaptation of a three-stage framework proposed by Hawkins et al. We iteratively developed the Face-it intervention in four stages: 1) Evidence review, qualitative research and stakeholder consultations; 2) Co-production of the intervention content; 3) Prototyping, feasibility- and pilot-testing and 4) Core outcome development. In all stages, we involved stakeholders from three study sites. Results: During stage 1, we identified the target areas for health promotion in families where the mother had prior GDM, including applying a broad understanding of health and a multilevel and multi-determinant approach. We pinpointed municipal health visitors as deliverers and the potential of using digital technology. In stage 2, we tested intervention content and delivery methods. A health pedagogic dialogue tool and a digital health app were co-adapted as the main intervention components. In stage 3, the intervention content and delivery were further adapted in the local context of the three study sites. Suggestions for intervention manuals were refined to optimise flexibility, delivery, sequencing of activities and from this, specific training manuals were developed. Finally, at stage 4, all stakeholders were involved in developing realistic and relevant evaluation outcomes. Conclusions: This comprehensive description of the development of the Face-it intervention provides an example of how to co-produce and prototype a complex intervention balancing evidence and local conditions. The thorough, four-stage development is expected to create ownership and feasibility among intervention participants, deliverers and local stakeholders. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03997773, registered retrospectively on 25 June 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03997773
Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Post-COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon Population
Authors: Bichara Carlos David Araújo , Amoras Ednelza da Silva Graça , Vaz Gergiane Lopes , Torres Maria Karoliny da Silva , Queiroz Maria Alice Freitas , Amaral Isabella Pinheiro Costa do , Vallinoto Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres , Bichara Cléa Nazaré Carneiro , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, the prevalence and persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus) IgG was evaluated in volunteers 90 days after COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) diagnosis by correlating response dynamics with clinical conditions, IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine levels, epidemiological characteristics, and disease severity. Methods: The study recruited 200 volunteers aged 18 years or older of both sexes diagnosed with COVID-19. ELISA testing was performed to detect IgG persistence and cytokine levels in 135 individuals with a previous serological test at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis.Results: Among the 135 individuals who underwent a previous serological test for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and provided a new blood sample 90 days after the first examination, 125 showed reactivity to IgG (92.6%). Of the 125 individuals with detectable IgG in the first test, 69.6% showed persistence of this antibody after 90 days; however, in 10 (30.4%) individuals, IgG was nonreactive in the second evaluation. The frequency of all reported symptoms was higher in individuals who maintained IgG persistence after 90 days of symptoms, and no relationship with cytokine levels was observed. Conclusions: The results of the present study show a high frequency of loss of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies within three months after COVID-19 diagnosis in the Brazilian Amazon.
Association Between Maternal Dietary Pattern and Infant Birth Weight: a Structural Equation Modelling Analysis
Authors: Santana Jerusa Mota , Queiroz Valterlinda Alves Oliveira , Pereira Marcos , Paixao Enny S. , Brito Sheila Monteiro , Santos Djanilson Barbosa dos , Oliveira Ana Marlucia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The mother’s diet during pregnancy is associated with maternal and child health. However, there are few studies with moderation analysis on maternal dietary patterns and infant birth weight. We aim to analyse the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight. Methods: A cohort study was performed with pregnant women in Bahia, Brazil. A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake. Birth weight was measured by a prenatal service team. Statistical analyses were performed using factor analysis with a principal component extraction technique and structural equation modelling. Results: Four patterns of dietary consumption were identified for each trimester of the pregnancy evaluated. Adherence to the "Meat, Eggs, Fried Snacks and Processed foods” dietary pattern (pattern 1) and the "Sugars and Sweets" dietary pattern (pattern 4) in the third trimester directly reduced birth weight, by 98.42 g (Confidence interval (CI) 95%: 24.26, 172.59) and 92,03g (CI 95%: 39.88, 165.30), respectively. Insufficient dietary consumption in the third trimester increases maternal complications during pregnancy, indirectly reducing birth weight by 145 g (CI 95%: -21.39, -211.45). Conclusion: Inadequate dietary intake in the third trimester appears to have negative results on birth weight, directly and indirectly.
Effects of Potassium Deficiency on Growth of Pakchoi in Cold and Dry Areas
Authors: LI Shi-Heng , LI Wei-Ming , BU Ling-Hao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
[Background] To reveal the effect of potassium deficiency on the growth and development of pakchoi in cold and dry areas.[Results] The effect of potassium deficiency on the growth status of P. pakchoi in cold and dry areas was significant. P. pakchoi treated with potassium-free nutrient solution had the best growth, the largest number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, root length and weight; P. pakchoi treated with 100% potassium deficiency had the smallest plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, root length and weight; P. pakchoi treated with potassium deficiency 50% had the middle growth and development status, and the root ratio was the smallest in d 21.[Conclusion] Potassium can effectively promote the growth and development of pakchoi in cold and dry areas, increase its root length, leaf width, leaf area, weight, etc. The quality of the upper part and the underground part of d,21 of pakchoi treated with deficiency is the most different.
Modified Ileal Conduit for Urinary Diversion After Radical Cystectomy: Perioperative and Oncological Outcomes
Authors: Zhang Yimu , Li Jing , Bai Jiyan , Zhou Zhengyu , Tian Pei , Yang Dong , Ma Yan , Zhao Pengcheng , He Chaohong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the surgical effects and oncological outcomes of modified ileal conduit (IC) after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer.Methods: A single-centre cohort of 211 consecutive bladder cancer patients who underwent RC + modified IC from September 2012 to August 2019 were retrospectively studied. Demographic data, perioperative results, complications 30 and 90 days after surgery and oncological outcomes were recorded. Kaplan–Meier method was used to plot the stage-specific survival results. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS）and overall survival (OS) rate was calculated. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses assessed the predictive risk factors on survival rate.Results: Overall, 211 patients received modified IC after RC. The median operative time (OT) was 315 minutes (IQR, 260–375 minutes), and the median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 500 ml (IQR, 300–900 ml). There were a total of 103 (48.8%) complications. There were 35, 54, 11, and 2 cases of grade I, II, III, and IV complications, respectively; of which 89 cases were grade I and II, accounting for 87.3% of total cases. There were 38 cases of preoperative hydronephrosis and 22 cases of postoperative hydronephrosis. There were 19, 24, 108, 40, and 20 cases of PT0, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, in postoperative pathological stages. The median lymphadenectomy was 14 (IQR, 6–18), and lymph node was found positive in 18 patients. The median follow-up time was 26 months (IQR, 13–43), with a total survival of 177 (83.9%), an RFS of 171 (81%), and 34 deaths. The estimated 5-year OS and RFS rates were 76.80% and 79.10%. Preoperative comorbidities, pathological stage, grade, and lymph node involvement were important influencing factors for OS, while preoperative comorbidities and high pathological grade were important influencing factors for RFS.Conclusions: Modified IC after RC not only can achieve lower postoperative complications, especially the lower incidence of uretero-ileal anastomosis and stoma-related complications but can also achieve the established oncological outcomes of critical radical surgery.
Factors Associated With the People Preferences for the Breast Cancer Genetic Tests: a Systematic Review
Authors: Meshkani Zahra , Aboutorabi Ali , Moradi Najmeh , Langarizadeh Mostafa , Motlagh Ali Ghanbari 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the genetic test’s benefits in early detection of disease, many people do not have the test performed. This study aimed to systematically review the associated factors with a preference for the gene tests regarding breast cancer. Methods: It was a systematic review study. Data were collected from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), ProQuest, and Embase databases. All full-text English language studies up to 2020 that addressed the preference for the gene screening tests for early detection of breast cancer were included. Data extracted and assessed for quality by two independent reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by a consensus meeting with a third reviewer. The vote counting was determined for identifying the associated factors with the preference.Results: From 1269 initially retrieved citations, 25 studies were included. According to vote counting analysis, age was identified as strongly negative factor while being married, income, family history of breast cancer, personal history or presence of breast cancer, BRCA-related knowledge were identified as strongly positive factors with preference of genetic tests for breast cancer. About 96% of articles were in high quality.Conclusion: There was low evidence in associated factors with a preference on gene tests, especially for psychological factors. So, further research is needed to help policymakers to develop early detection strategies and increase people's participation that leads to the success of the strategies and avoiding the high cost of treatment as well.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2020 (ID: CRD42020190811).
Kirschner Wire as a Reference Marker for the Positioning of a Syndesmotic Screw: a Radiological Study and Clinical Application
Authors: Zhang Congming , Wang Qian , Duan Ning , Ma Teng , Zhang Kun , Xue Hanzhong , Li Zhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Without a reliable and static reference, the rate of eccentrically positioned distal syndesmotic screw is very high. This article describes an additional method to improve surgeons’ ability to ideally place this screw. The purposes of our study were (1) to determine if an ideal space at 2.5 cm proximal to the plafond existed between the tibia and fibula for the placement of a Kirschner (K) wire and (2) to detect if it could act as a reliable and static fibular incisura plane reference. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 42 uninjured adult ankles with foot fractures were analysed to measure the tibiofibular vertical distance (TFVD) at 2.5 cm proximal to the plafond on transverse images. TFVD was defined as the distance between two lines: Line 1 was tangent to the fibular incisura, and Line 2 was parallel to Line 1 along the medial fibula. Patients were divided into four groups according to our TFVD data: 0–1, 1–2, 2–3, and 3–4 mm, and the number of patients in each group was counted. We assessed 23 patients who underwent syndesmotic screw fixation for ankle fractures. Comparison of the angle between the anatomic axis of the syndesmosis and screw axis (AAS) was performed between patients using conventional method (11 patients) and with K-wire marker (12 patients). Results: TFVD measured 2.23 ± 1.01 mm at 2.5 cm proximal to the plafond. TFVD occurred at 25% of the distance from 2 to 3 mm in 47.6% of patients. This new technique decreased the deformation of AAS by 75%, from 13.06 ± 2.55° to 4.28 ± 1.72°, in the conventional group.Conclusions: Placing a 1.6-mm K-wire in the syndesmosis at 2.5 cm proximal to the tibial plafond is easy because of emerging TFVDs. Compared to the conventional method, this new technique increased the accuracy of syndesmotic screw placement by up to 75 percent. Therefore, K-wire could be used as a reliable and static intraoperative reference of the fibular incisura plane through which surgeons can accurately place a screw trajectory.
Design Plasmonic Optical 4×2 Encoder based on 2D Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator
Authors: hamedi samaneh , Negahdari Roozbeh , Ansari Hamid Reza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Digital encoders are one of the key devices required in optical communication and digital signal processing systems. In this paper, a new photonic crystal structure is used to design all optical 4x2 encoder constructed from GaAs rods with square lattice in the pentane bachground based on plasmonic effect. Gold rods have also been used at the interface of dielectric rods and lines defect, which create plasmonic properties into the photonic crystal structure. The designed optical device is composed of four input waveguides and two output waveguides with two ring resonators at the resonant wavelength of 1.4mm with TM polarization. The presented encoder platform has the small size of 19 mm ×33 mm, that makes it to integration into all optical communication systems. The encoder operation is simulated and analyzed with numerical Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method hand Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. In the proposed structure, we have shown that by selecting the appropriate radius size for the resonant cavities, the desirable wavelength can be obtained. The maximum values of transmission efficiency for the first and second outputs are 82% and 96%, respectively. Resonant cavities are also located in the crystal lattice in such a way that by activating third input, 50% and 48% of the input signal will be obtained in each output ports indicating (1,1) logic state. So the new plasmonic photonic crystal encoder could be future applicable in the field of optical computing.
Experience of patients with Asthma from the role of social support in self-care: A qualitative study
Authors: Haghighi mohammadAli , vali leila , goudarzi reza , samare mitra , GhorbaniNia Rahil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAsthma is one of the biggest challenges of health systems. One of the most effective ways to control this chronic disease is self-care. Self-care can be affected by social support. This study aimed to explain the experience of patients with Asthma from the role of social support in their self-care.MethodsThis study was qualitative and phenomenological and conducted in 2019. Data collected through semi-structured interviews with 40 patients using purposive sampling. It is noteworthy that the implemented interviews were analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi method.ResultsFindings presented two main themes (patient communication network, self-care of asthmatics) and ten sub-themes. Some of the sub-themes included motivating peers as a reason for self-care, lifestyle and self-care advice, add exercise to the life plan, and therapeutic recommendations are a factor in following a treatment regimen.ConclusionsIt seems that self-care with social support and establishing a communication network between people with Asthma to transfer information and experiences and identify their needs in the management and control of this disease at the community level can be very serious.Trial registration: IR.KMU.REC.1399.357 date: 1399/6/17 (7september2020)
Transcriptomic and histological analysis of exposed facial skin areas wrinkled or not and unexposed skin
Authors: Martin Renan Paulo , Varela Patricia , Gomes Caio Peres , Marins Maryana Mara , Filippelli-Silva Rafael , Yarak Samira , Soares Juliana L.M. , Sanudo Adriana , Idkowiak-Baldys Jolanta , Chen Siming , Hwang Cheng , Zhuang Yong , Lyga John , Pesquero João Bosco , Bagatin Edileia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Skin aging involves genetic, environmental and hormonal factors. Facial wrinkles also depend on muscular activity. Gene expression investigation may be useful for new anti-aging products. To evaluate structure and gene expression differences among exposed and unexposed skin in menopausal women. Cross-sectional study, including 15 menopausal women, 55-65yo, phototype III; photo-exposed, periorbital wrinkles (A1), preauricular, not wrinkled (A2), and unexposed gluteal (A3) areas were described and compared by non-invasive measures, histology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression (RNASeq); participants mean age was 61yo, presenting moderate periorbital wrinkles and light facial photodamage. Higher roughness, wrinkles number and echogenicity were observed in A1 and A2 versus A3. Decreased epidermal thickness and dermal collagen IV were demonstrated in A1 versus A2 and A3. Exposed areas impacted different pathways compared to unexposed. Exposed wrinkled skin (A1) showed impact on cell movement with decreased inflammatory activation state. Pathways related to lipid and aminoacids metabolism were modulated in non-wrinkled exposed (A2) compared to unexposed (A3) skin. Expected histological findings and gene expression differences among areas were observed. Photoaging in menopausal women may modulate lipid and aminoacids metabolism and decrease inflammatory and keratinization pathways, cellular homeostasis, immune response, fibrogenesis and filament formation. These findings may help development of new therapies for skin health and aging control.
Tocilizumab-induced unexpected increase of several inflammatory cytokines in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ponthieux Fanny , Dauby Nicolas , Maillart Evelyne , Fils Jean-François , Smet Julie , Claus Marc , Besse-Hammer Tatiana , Bels David De , Corazza Francis , Nagant Carole 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Early evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated high levels of IL-6 in patients with severe COVID-19. This led to the off-label use of tocilizumab (TCZ) during the first wave of the pandemic.We aimed to monitor IL-6 and several inflammatory cytokines in critically ill COVID-19 patients receiving off-label TCZ. Fifteen critically ill SARS-CoV-2 PCR confirmed cases were enrolled and serum samples were collected during 8 days, before and following administration of a single dose of TCZ. In parallel, a control group consisting of 8 non-treated COVID-19 patients not receiving TCZ was established. Serum profile of 12 cytokines (IL-1β, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, -12, -13, -17, -18, TNF-α and INF-γ) and of IL-6R were assessed in these two groups. Although the increased IL-6 concentrations after TCZ infusion were expected, we observed an unexpected increase in IL-1β, -2, -4, -10, -12p70, -18 and IL-6R levels in the treated patients with maximal values reached 2 to 4 days after TCZ. In contrast, no change in cytokine levels was observed in the control group. There was no significant difference in cytokine levels between survivors (TCZ/S) or non-survivors (TCZ/D). This observation suggests that some inflammatory pathways escape IL-6R blockade leading to an increase in several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings could highlight an anti-inflammatory role of IL-6 and may explain why TCZ has failed to improve survival in critically ill COVID-19 patients when given alone.