bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the possibility of using anaerobic impregnating compositions to increase frost resistance of rubber suspension elements of road vehicles
Authors: Marenkov I G , Baurova N I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The conditions of operation of non-metallic elements of air suspension of road vehicles are analyzed. The influence of negative temperatures on non-metallic (rubber) elements of an air spring has been studied. An assessment of the possibility of using impregnating compositions for servicing the rubber elements of the air suspension of road vehicles in various temperature conditions has been carried out. It is shown that the use of impregnating compositions when servicing rubber elements of an air suspension allows minimizing cracking of the material and, consequently, increasing the durability of the suspension.
Design of Intelligent Early Warning Robot System for Warehouse Autonomous Patrol based on Scale Estimation Algorithm of Probability Theory
Authors: Li Jie , Tu Yaoyao , Lu Biao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In view of the backward monitoring status in the traditional safety management of hazardous chemicals warehouse, a patrol robot for hazardous chemicals warehouse with autonomous patrol stereo detection, intelligent early warning and remote monitoring functions is designed, and the design process of related functions of autonomous patrol navigation subsystem, environmental detection subsystem and remote monitoring subsystem is discussed from two aspects of hardware and software. Because both the camera and the target may be in motion, it is necessary to consider the scale change of target influence caused by relative distance. In order to overcome the shortcoming of invariable scale in Mean Shift algorithm, this paper adopts a scale adaptive method to estimate the size of the target, adjusts the parameters of kernel function by using ellipse feature, and takes the parameters of the current frame as the initial data of the next frame, so as to achieve the effect of adaptively adjusting the target scale. The test results show that the system can effectively traverse the map of hazardous chemicals warehouse, accurately assess the leakage of hazardous chemicals and the environmental safety of warehouse, and give early warning. The remote monitoring platform greatly facilitates the remote management of the warehouse.
Influence of the X-point location on edge plasma transport in the J-TEXT tokamak with a high-field-side single-null divertor
Authors: WANG Hao , LIANG Yunfeng , XU Shuai , JIANG Zhonghe , FENG Yuhe , KNIEPS A , DREWS P , YANG Jie , XU Xin , LONG Ting , JIAO Shaodong , ZHANG Xiaolong , HAO Zhigang , YANG Qinglong , CHEN Zhipeng , CHEN Zhongyong , WANG Nengchao , YANG Zhoujun , ZHANG Xiaoqing , DING Yonghua , PAN Yuan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
High-density experiments in the high-field-side mid-plane single-null divertor configuration have been performed for the first time on J-TEXT. The experiments show an increase in the highest central channel line-averaged density from

2.73

×

10

19

m

−
3

to

6.49

×

10

19

m

−
3

, while the X-point moves away from the target by increasing the divertor coil current. The corresponding Greenwald fraction rises from 0.50 to 0.79. For the impurity transport, the density normalized radiation intensity (absolute extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray) of the central channel density decreased significantly (>50%) with an increase in the plasma density. To better understand the underlying physics mechanisms, the 3D edge Monte Carlo code coupled with EIRENE (EMC3- EIRENE) has been implemented for the first time on J-TEXT. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental findings. As the X-point moves away from the target, the divertor power decay length drops and the scrape-off layer impurity screening effect is enhanced.
Cartilage Curvature Reshaping: A Quantitative Assessment
Authors: As’adi Kamran , Hashemian Seyed Jafar , Salehi Seyed Hamid , Mousavi Seyed Jaber 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHorizontal mattress suturing is frequently performed during rhinoplasty and otoplasty procedures to control the curvature of the cartilages. Despite the popularity of this technique, there are no quantitative methods for determining the effects of mattress sutures in the cartilage reshaping.ObjectivesThe aim of this experimental study was to quantify the straightening effect of mattress suturing on the convexity of ear cartilage in a rabbit model.MethodsEleven young adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. A horizontal mattress suture with spacing 3 mm × 6 mm was placed in a rectangle demarcated on the left ear in the area with maximum convexity. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were taken before and immediately after surgery, respectively. The radius of curvature (ROC), the first-order derivative (FOD), and the second-order derivative (SOD) were calculated to quantify the net cartilage reshaping, the changes in each point, and the homogeneity of the newly shaped cartilage, respectively.ResultsThe mean ROCs were 1.112 cm and 2.169 cm before and after surgery, respectively, and this increase was statistically significant. The mean FOD for each point slope index was statistically lower after surgery (0.269 before surgery vs 0.135 after surgery). The mean SOD also significantly decreased after surgery (0.007 before surgery vs 0.003 after surgery). The values of the SOD remained positive after surgery, indicating that changes in the curvature were homogeneous.ConclusionsA quantitative measurement method was introduced to directly quantify the controlling effect of a mattress suture. This method makes it possible to achieve the important task of comparing the effect of horizontal mattress suturing with that of other cartilage-reshaping techniques.
A de novo protein structure prediction by iterative partition sampling, topology adjustment and residue-level distance deviation optimization
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhao Kai-Long , He Guang-Xing , Wang Liu-Jing , Zhou Xiao-Gen , Zhang Gui-Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Motivation
With the great progress of deep learning-based inter-residue contact/distance prediction, the discrete space formed by fragment assembly cannot satisfy the distance constraint well. Thus, the optimal solution of the continuous space may not be achieved. Designing an effective closed-loop continuous dihedral angle optimization strategy that complements the discrete fragment assembly is crucial to improve the performance of the distance-assisted fragment assembly method.

Results
In this article, we proposed a de novo protein structure prediction method called IPTDFold based on closed-loop iterative partition sampling, topology adjustment and residue-level distance deviation optimization. First, local dihedral angle crossover and mutation operators are designed to explore the conformational space extensively and achieve information exchange between the conformations in the population. Then, the dihedral angle rotation model of loop region with partial inter-residue distance constraints is constructed, and the rotation angle satisfying the constraints is obtained by differential evolution algorithm, so as to adjust the spatial position relationship between the secondary structures. Finally, the residue distance deviation is evaluated according to the difference between the conformation and the predicted distance, and the dihedral angle of the residue is optimized with biased probability. The final model is generated by iterating the above three steps. IPTDFold is tested on 462 benchmark proteins, 24 FM targets of CASP13 and 20 FM targets of CASP14. Results show that IPTDFold is significantly superior to the distance-assisted fragment assembly method Rosetta_D (Rosetta with distance). In particular, the prediction accuracy of IPTDFold does not decrease as the length of the protein increases. When using the same FastRelax protocol, the prediction accuracy of IPTDFold is significantly superior to that of trRosetta without orientation constraints, and is equivalent to that of the full version of trRosetta.

Availabilityand implementation
The source code and executable are freely available at https://github.com/iobio-zjut/IPTDFold.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Microbial Cell-Free DNA Identifies Etiology of Bloodstream Infections, Persists Longer Than Conventional Blood Cultures, and Its Duration of Detection Is Associated With Metastatic Infection in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Authors: Eichenberger Emily M , de Vries Christiaan R , Ruffin Felicia , Sharma-Kuinkel Batu , Park Lawrence , Hong David , Scott Erick R , Blair Lily , Degner Nicholas , Hollemon Desiree H , Blauwkamp Timothy A , Ho Carine , Seng Hon , Shah Pratik , Wanda Lisa , Fowler Vance G , Ahmed Asim A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) sequencing of plasma can identify the presence of a pathogen in a host. In this study, we evaluated the duration of pathogen detection by mcfDNA sequencing vs conventional blood culture in patients with bacteremia.

Methods
Blood samples from patients with culture-confirmed bloodstream infection were collected within 24 hours of the index positive blood culture and 48 to 72 hours thereafter. mcfDNA was extracted from plasma, and next-generation sequencing was applied. Reads were aligned against a curated pathogen database. Statistical significance was defined with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons (P &lt; .0033).

Results
A total of 175 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (n = 66), gram-negative bacteremia (n = 74), or noninfected controls (n = 35) were enrolled. The overall sensitivity of mcfDNA sequencing compared with index blood culture was 89.3% (125 of 140), and the specificity was 74.3%. Among patients with bacteremia, pathogen-specific mcfDNA remained detectable for significantly longer than conventional blood cultures (median 15 days vs 2 days; P &lt; .0001). Each additional day of mcfDNA detection significantly increased the odds of metastatic infection (odds ratio, 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.53–5.46; P = .0011).

Conclusions
Pathogen mcfDNA identified the bacterial etiology of bloodstream infection for a significantly longer interval than conventional cultures, and its duration of detection was associated with increased risk for metastatic infection. mcfDNA could play a role in the diagnosis of partially treated endovascular infections.
Positional behavior and canopy use of black snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus strykeri in the Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China
Authors: Yang Yin , Youlatos Dionisios , Behie Alison M , Belbeisi Roula Al , Huang Zhipang , Tian Yinping , Wang Bin , Zhou Linchun , Xiao Wen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Studies on positional behavior and canopy use are essential for understanding how arboreal animals adapt their morphological characteristics and behaviors to the challenges of their environment. This study explores canopy and substrate use along with positional behavior in adult black snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus strykeri, an endemic, critically endangered primate species in Gaoligong Mountains, southwest China. Using continuous focal animal sampling, we collected data over a 52-month period and found that R. strykeri is highly arboreal primarily using the high layers of the forest canopy (15–30 m), along with the terminal zone of tree crowns (52.9%), medium substrates (41.5%), and oblique substrates (56.8%). We also found sex differences in canopy and substrate use. Females use the terminal zones (56.7% versus 40.4%), small/medium (77.7% versus 60.1%), and oblique (59.9% versus 46.5%) substrates significantly more than males. On the other hand, males spend more time on large/very large (39.9% versus 22.3%) and horizontal (49.7% versus 35.2%) substrates. Whereas both sexes mainly sit (84.7%), and stand quadrupedally (9.1%), males stand quadrupedally (11.5% versus 8.3%), and bipedally (2.9% versus 0.8%) more often than females. Clamber, quadrupedalism, and leap/drop are the main locomotor modes for both sexes. Rhinopithecus strykeri populations never enter canopies of degenerated secondary forest and mainly use terminal branches in the middle and upper layers of canopies in intact mid-montane moist evergreen broadleaf forest and hemlock coniferous broadleaf mixed forests across their habitat.
Comparative frequency and prognostic impact of myocardial injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and Influenza
Authors: Biasco Luigi , Klersy Catherine , Beretta Giulia S , Valgimigli Marco , Valotta Amabile , Gabutti Luca , Bruna Roberto Della , Pagnamenta Alberto , Tersalvi Gregorio , Ruinelli Lorenzo , Artero Andrea , Senatore Gaetano , Jüni Peter , Pedrazzini Giovanni B 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsMyocardial injury (MINJ) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) identifies individuals at high mortality risk but its clinical relevance is less well established for Influenza and no comparative analyses evaluating frequency and clinical implications of MINJ among hospitalized patients with Influenza or COVID-19 are available.Methods and resultsHospitalized adults with laboratory confirmed Influenza A or B or COVID-19 underwent highly sensitive cardiac T Troponin (hs-cTnT) measurement at admission in four regional hospitals in Canton Ticino, Switzerland. MINJ was defined as hs-cTnT &gt;14 ng/L. Clinical, laboratory and outcome data were retrospectively collected. The primary outcome was mortality up to 28 days. Cox regression models were used to assess correlations between admission diagnosis, MINJ, and mortality. Clinical correlates of MINJ in both viral diseases were also identified. MINJ occurred in 94 (65.5%) out of 145 patients hospitalized for Influenza and 216 (47.8%) out of 452 patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Advanced age and renal impairment were factors associated with MINJ in both diseases. At 28 days, 7 (4.8%) deaths occurred among Influenza and 76 deaths (16.8%) among COVID-19 patients with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70–8.00]. Adjusted Cox regression models showed admission diagnosis of COVID-19 [HR 6.41 (95% CI 4.05–10.14)] and MINJ [HR 8.01 (95% CI 4.64–13.82)] to be associated with mortality.ConclusionsMyocardial injury is frequent among both viral diseases and increases the risk of death in both COVID-19 and Influenza. The absolute risk of death is considerably higher in patients admitted for COVID-19 when compared with Influenza.
Pathways From Early-Life SES to Dementia Risk in Old Age: The Role of Personality
Authors: Sesker Amanda A , O’Súilleabháin Páraic S , Lee Ji Hyun , Aschwanden Damaris , Luchetti Martina , Stephan Yannick , Terracciano Antonio , Sutin Angelina R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigates the association between childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) and risk of cognitive impairment in older adulthood, and whether the Five-Factor Model personality traits mediated this association.

Methods
A sample of 9,995 participants (mean age = 67.01 years) from the Health and Retirement Study were followed up every 2 years from 2006 to 2018. cSES was tested as a predictor of risk of dementia and risk of cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND). Personality was tested as a mediator of these associations. Models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, race, education, and baseline year.

Results
Although effect sizes were modest, results indicated that lower cSES was associated with a higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 0.88 [0.775–0.985]). Higher cSES was also associated with higher conscientiousness and lower neuroticism. Conscientiousness and neuroticism each accounted for 7.9% of the total effect of cSES on dementia. Results were similar for CIND.

Discussion
Early childhood socioeconomic factors may contribute to cognitive impairment in older adulthood, an association mediated, in part, through adult personality traits.
Improving depth estimations of African earthquakes using teleseismic data, and influence for the East-African rift seismic hazard characterization
Authors: Gounon Alisson , Letort Jean , Cotton Fabrice , Weatherill Graeme , Sylvander Matthieu , Latour Soumaya 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARY
Well-constrained earthquake depth estimations are important for seismic hazard determination. As local networks of the East-African Rift are usually too sparse for reliable depth estimations, we used detections of pP and sP phase arrivals (the so-called depth phases) at teleseismic distance to constrain earthquake depths in this region. We rely on a fully automatic Cepstral analysis approach, first validated at the global scale using the ISC-EHB catalogue, then applied on the East-African seismicity. We investigated 9575 earthquakes from magnitude 2 since 2005 which allows us to constrain the depth estimation of 584 events with magnitude mainly above 3.5, complemented by 139 reliable depth estimations from previous studies based on teleseismic data as well. To ensure a final catalogue as complete as possible, we also identified from regional catalogues 113 earthquakes assumed to be well constrained, based on network geometry empirical criteria. Thanks to this study, we finally propose new earthquake depth distributions for the seismic source zonation defined by Poggi et al., in order to estimate the seismic hazard of the East African Rift region. Including those new distributions in the source models leads to significant changes of seismic hazard assessments results.
Impact of a multifaceted intervention to improve emergency care on newborn and child health outcomes in Rwanda
Authors: Hategeka Celestin , Lynd Larry D , Kenyon Cynthia , Tuyisenge Lisine , Law Michael R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Implementing context-appropriate neonatal and paediatric advanced life support management interventions has increasingly been recommended as one of the approaches to reduce under-five mortality in resource-constrained settings like Rwanda. One such intervention is ETAT+, which stands for Emergency Triage, Assessment and Treatment plus Admission care for severely ill newborns and children. In 2013, ETAT+ was implemented in Rwandan district hospitals. We evaluated the impact of the ETAT+ intervention on newborn and child health outcomes. We used monthly time-series data from the DHIS2-enabled Rwanda Health Management Information System from 2012 to 2016 to examine neonatal and paediatric hospital mortality rates. Each hospital contributed data for 12 and 36 months before and after ETAT+ implementation, respectively. Using controlled interrupted time-series analysis and segmented regression model, we estimated longitudinal changes in neonatal and paediatric hospital mortality rates in intervention hospitals relative to matched concurrent control hospitals. We also studied changes in case fatality rate specifically for ETAT+-targeted conditions. Our study cohort consisted of 7 intervention hospitals and 14 matched control hospitals contributing 142 424 neonatal and paediatric hospital admissions. After controlling for secular trends and autocorrelations, we found that the ETAT+ implementation had no statistically significant impact on the rate of all-cause neonatal and paediatric hospital mortality in intervention hospitals relative to control hospitals. However, the case fatality rate for ETAT+-targeted neonatal conditions decreased immediately following implementation by 5% (95% confidence interval: −9.25, −0.77) and over time by 0.8% monthly (95% confidence interval: −1.36, −0.25) in intervention hospitals compared with control hospitals. Case fatality rate for ETAT+-targeted paediatric conditions did not decrease following the ETAT+ implementation. While ETAT+ focuses on improving the quality of hospital care for both newborns and children, we only found an impact on neonatal hospital mortality for ETAT+-targeted conditions that should be interpreted with caution given the relatively short pre-intervention period and potential regression to the mean.
Decreased Susceptibility to Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors Associated With Genetic Polymorphisms in Ugandan Plasmodium falciparum Isolates
Authors: Kreutzfeld Oriana , Tumwebaze Patrick K , Byaruhanga Oswald , Katairo Thomas , Okitwi Martin , Orena Stephen , Rasmussen Stephanie A , Legac Jennifer , Conrad Melissa D , Nsobya Sam L , Aydemir Ozkan , Bailey Jeffrey A , Duffey Maelle , Cooper Roland A , Rosenthal Philip J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) inhibitors pyrimethamine and cycloguanil (the active metabolite of proguanil) have important roles in malaria chemoprevention, but drug resistance challenges their efficacies. A new compound, P218, was designed to overcome resistance, but drug-susceptibility data for P falciparum field isolates are limited.

Methods
We studied ex vivo PfDHFR inhibitor susceptibilities of 559 isolates from Tororo and Busia districts, Uganda, from 2016 to 2020, sequenced 383 isolates, and assessed associations between genotypes and drug-susceptibility phenotypes.

Results
Median half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were 42 100 nM for pyrimethamine, 1200 nM for cycloguanil, 13000 nM for proguanil, and 0.6 nM for P218. Among sequenced isolates, 3 PfDHFR mutations, 51I (100%), 59R (93.7%), and 108N (100%), were very common, as previously seen in Uganda, and another mutation, 164L (12.8%), had moderate prevalence. Increasing numbers of mutations were associated with decreasing susceptibility to pyrimethamine, cycloguanil, and P218, but not proguanil, which does not act directly against PfDHFR. Differences in P218 susceptibilities were modest, with median IC50s of 1.4 nM for parasites with mixed genotype at position 164 and 5.7 nM for pure quadruple mutant (51I/59R/108N/164L) parasites.

Conclusions
Resistance-mediating PfDHFR mutations were common in Ugandan isolates, but P218 retained excellent activity against mutant parasites.
Fine cryo-SEM observation of the microstructure of emulsions frozen via high-pressure freezing
Authors: Nishino Yuri , Miyazaki Kanako , Kaise Mizuho , Miyazawa Atsuo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An emulsion, a type of soft matter, is complexed with at least two materials in the liquid state (e.g. water and oil). Emulsions are classified into two types: water in oil (W/O) and oil in water (O/W), depending on the strength of the emulsifier. The properties and behavior of emulsions are directly correlated with the size, number, localization and structure of the dispersed phases in the continuous phase. Therefore, an understanding of the microstructure comprising liquid-state emulsions is essential for producing and evaluating these emulsions. Generally, it is impossible for conventional electron microscopy to examine liquid specimens, such as emulsion. Recent advances in cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) could allow us to visualize the microstructure of the emulsions in a frozen state. Immersion freezing in slush nitrogen has often been used for preparing the frozen samples of soft matters. This preparation could generate ice crystals, and they would deform the microstructure of specimens. High-pressure freezing contributes to the inhibition of ice-crystal formation and is commonly used for preparing frozen biological samples with high moisture content. In this study, we compared the microstructures of immersion-frozen and high-pressure frozen emulsions (O/W and W/O types, respectively). The cryo-SEM observations suggested that high-pressure freezing is more suitable for preserving the microstructure of emulsions than immersion freezing.