bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic cotton textile wastes pyrolyzed by ferric cerium oxide for degradation of p-nitrophenol by catalytic ozonation
Authors: Fu Xiaojie , Huang Yuanxing , Jin Zhihao , Li Liang , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, magnetic cotton textile wastes pyrolyzed by ferric cerium oxide (FexCey oxide/PC) were synthesized for degradation of p-nitrophenol by catalytic ozonation, and the optimal Fe-Ce ratio was 10:1. Compared to Fe10Ce1 oxide, the Fe10Ce1 oxide/PC not only greatly improved the degradation efficiency of PNP, but also reduced the dosage of catalyst. Through the BET test, the Fe10Ce1 oxide/PC has a high specific surface area to absorb part of the pollutants. VSM test shows that the material is magnetic and easy to recycle. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the experimental condition, and the optimal removal rate was 90% when the initial pH was 9, the catalyst dosage was 0.4 g/L, and the ozone addition was 1.77 L/min (5.9 mg/L). Finally, the mechanism of PNP degradation was explored utilizing inhibitor and ESR free radical detection. The adsorption capacity of the material and electron-absorbing property of PNP jointly determined the high catalytic efficiency with Fe10Ce1 oxide/PC in catalytic ozonation.
Optimization of electrocoagulation process parameters for enhancing phosphate removal in a biofilm-electrocoagulation system
Authors: Zeng Jie , Ji Min , Zhao Yingxin , Helmer Pedersen Thomas , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the removal of phosphate in synthetic rural sewage by using a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) combined with biofilm process in an integrated system. Characteristic indexes of biofilm process effluent covering pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphate maintained a narrow fluctuation range and tended not readily to influence the phosphate removal of subsequent electrocoagulation. Three parameters including inter-electrode distance, current intensity and reaction time were selected to investigate the performance of enhancing phosphate removal. On the strength of single-factor tests, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the individual and mutual interaction impacts of the major operating parameters and to optimize conditions. The optimum conditions were found to be inter-electrode distance of 1.8 cm, current density of 2.1 mA/cm2 and EC reaction time of 34 min, and phosphate removal efficiency of 90.24% was achieved along with less than 1 mg/L in case of periodic polarity switching mode, which raised removal efficiency by 10.10% and reduced operating cost by 0.13 CNY/g PO4− compared to non-switching mode. The combination of biofilm processing and electrocoagulation treatment was proven to be a valid and feasible method for enhancing phosphate removal.
Pyrite/H2O2/hydroxylamine system for efficient decolorization of rhodamine B
Authors: He Guang-Jun , Zhong Deng-Jie , Xu Yun-Lan , Liu Peng , Zeng Si-Jing , Wang Shuang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To improve the efficiency of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle and continuous reactivity of pyrite, a pyrite/H2O2/hydroxylamine (HA) system was proposed to treat rhodamine B (RhB). The results showed that near-complete decolorization and 52.8% mineralization 50 mg L−1 RhB were achieved under its optimum conditions: HA 0.8 mM, H2O2 1.6 mM, pyrite 0.4 g L−1, and initial pH 4.0. The degradation reaction was dominated by an •OH radical produced by the reaction of Fe2+ with H2O2 in solution. HA primarily had two roles: in solution, HA could accelerate the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle through its strong reducibility to enhance RhB decolorization; on the pyrite surface, HA could improve the continuous reactivity of pyrite by inhibiting the oxidation of pyrite. In addition, the dosing manner of HA had a significant effect on RhB decolorization. In addition, the high decolorization and mineralization efficiency of other dye pollutants suggested that the pyrite/H2O2/HA system might be widely used in textile wastewater treatment.
Recent Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Detection of Gastrointestinal, Hepatic and Pancreatic Diseases
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Khan Farhat Ullah , Sharma Anju , Aziz Izzatdin B.A. , Poddar Nitesh Kumar 
Published: April 2021

:There has been substantial progress in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and their medical sciences applications in the last two decades. AI-assisted programs have already been established for remote health monitoring using sensors and smartphones. A variety of AI-based prediction models are available for gastrointestinal, inflammatory, non-malignant diseases, and bowel bleeding using wireless capsule endoscopy, hepatitis-associated fibrosis using electronic medical records, and pancreatic carcinoma utilizing endoscopic ultrasounds. AI-based models may be of immense help for healthcare professionals in the identification, analysis, and decision support using endoscopic images to establish prognosis and risk assessment of patients’ treatment employing multiple factors. Enough randomized clinical trials are warranted to establish the efficacy of AI-algorithms assisted and non-AI-based treatments before approval of such techniques from medical regulatory authorities. In this article, available AI approaches and AI-based prediction models for detecting gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic diseases are reviewed. The limitations of AI techniques in such diseases’ prognosis, risk assessment, and decision support are discussed.
1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Cyanoborohydride Catalyzed Solvent Free
Microwave Assisted One Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[
b]Pyran Derivatives
Authors: Manjul Rajesh K. , Gade Vilas B. , Gaikwad Dhananjay N. , Suryavanshi Dayanand M. , Rajbhoj Anjali S. , Gaikwad Suresh T. 
Published: April 2021

:
We present a facile and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives via multi-component condensation of dimedon, malononitrile and different aromatic aldehydes in presence of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cyanoborohydride ([EMIm][BH3CN]) as catalyst under microwave irradiation. The one-pot synthesis, facile solvent-free condition and good isolated yield illustrate the utility of this green approach. The structural features are de-rived using analytical tools including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Electronic synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives by using catalytic action of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cyanoborohydride has been used to obtain maximum yield.
The Factors Associated with the Length of the Third Stage of Labour: A
Descriptive-Analytical Study
Authors: Refaei Mansoureh , Aghababaei Soodabeh , Yazdkhasti Mansoureh , Kazemi Farideh , Farahmandpour Fatemeh 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Several risk factors have been identified for postpartum hemorrhage, one
of which being the duration of the third stage of labour. This stage refers to the interval between
the expulsion of the fetus to the expulsion of the placenta. Some bleeding occurs in this stage due
to the separation of the placenta.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the length of the third stage of
labour.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 300 women hospitalized for vaginal birth were selected via
convenience sampling. The study data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The
data were then analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.

Results:
The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.41 (6.26) years. Investigation of the relationship
between the study variables and the time of placental separation indicated that a minute increase
in the length of membrane ruptures caused a 0.003 minute decrease in the time of placental
separation. However, this time increased by 2.75, 6.68, and 2.86 minutes in the individuals without
history of abortion, those with history of stillbirth, and those who had not received hyoscine, respectively.
The results of multivariate analysis indicated that suffering from preeclampsia or hypertension,
history of stillbirth, not receiving hyoscine, and not receiving misoprostol increased the
length of the third stage by 4.40, 8.55, 2.38, and 6.04 minutes, respectively.

Conclusion:
Suffering from preeclampsia and having the history of stillbirth increased and using
hyoscine and misoprostol decreased the length of the third stage of labour. However, no significant
relationship was found between the length of the third stage of labour and mother’s age, gestational
age, parity, mother’s body mass index, mother’s chronic disorders, history of manual placenta removal,
length of the first and second stages, membranes rupture, induction, amount of oxytocin after
delivery, and infant’s weight and gender.
Design, Synthesis and Binding Affinity Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 1B1 Targeted Chelators
Authors: Chen Dongmei , Fan Qiqi , Xu Ting , Dong Jinyun , Cui Jiahua , Wang Zengtao , Wang Jie , Meng Qingqing , Li Shaoshun 
Published: April 2021

Background:Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is specifically expressed in a variety of tumors which makes it a promising imaging target of tumor.Objective:We aimed to design and synthesize CYP1B1 targeted chelators for the potential application in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor.Methods:1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diiacetic acid (NODA) was connected to the CYP1B1 selective inhibitor we developed before through polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers with different lengths. The inhibitory activities of chelators 6a-c against CYP1 family were evaluated by 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylation (EROD) assay. The manual docking between the chelators and the CYP1B1 was conducted subsequently. To determine the binding affinities of 6a-c to CYP1B1 in cells, we further performed a competition study at the cellular level.Results:Among three chelators, 6a with the shortest linker showed the best inhibitory activity against CYP1B1. In the following molecular simulation study, protein-inhibitor complex of 6a showed the nearest F-heme distance which is consistent with the results of enzymatic assay. Finally, the cell based competitive assay proved the binding affinity of 6a-c to CYP1B1 enzyme.Conclusion:We designed and synthesized a series of chelators which can bind to CYP1B1 enzyme in cancer cells.To our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to construct CYP1B1 targeted chelators for radiolabeling and we hope it will prompt the application of CYP1B1 imaging in tumor detection.
Traditionally Used Natural Products in Preventing Ionizing Radiation-Induced
Authors: Baliga Manjeshwar S. , Kalekhan Faizan , Kudva Avinash K. , Raghu Shamprasad V. , Rao Suresh , Hegde Sanath K. , Simon Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:In the treatment of cancer, the use of ionizing radiation is an important modality. However, on the downside, radiation, when used for curative purposes, causes acute dermatitis or radiodermatitis at the site of radiation in most individuals. From a clinical viewpoint, severe dermatitis causes a burning and itching sensation is very painful and severely affects the quality of life of the individual undergoing treatment. In worse situations, acute radiation dermatitis can cause gaps or breaks in the planned treatment and this can adversely affect the treatment objective and outcome.Background:In various traditional and folk systems of medicine, plants and plant products have been used since time immemorial for treating various skin ailments. Further, many cosmeceutical creams formulated based on knowledge from ethnomedicinal use are marketed and used to treat various ailments. In the current review, an attempt is made at summarizing the beneficial effects of some plants and plant products in mitigating acute radiation dermatitis in humans undergoing curative radiotherapy. Additionally, emphasis is also placed on the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects.Objective:The objective of this review is to summarize the clinical observations on the prevention of radiodermatitis by plant products. In this review, the protective effects of Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) bran extract, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, green tea constituent the epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honey, Achillea millefolium, Matricaria chamomilla, olive oil, and some polyherbal creams are addressed by also focusing on the mechanism of action for the beneficial effects.Methods:Two authors’ data mined for information in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1901 up to July 2020. The focus was on acute radiation dermatitis, ionizing radiation, curative radiotherapy, human cancer. The articles were collected and analyzed.Results:For the first time, this review addresses the usefulness of natural products like adlay bran, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, green tea constituent the epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honey, Achillea millefolium, Matricaria chamomilla, olive oil, and some experimentally constituted and commercially available polyherbal creams as skincare agents against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on the skin. The protective effects are possibly due to the free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and skin protective effects.Conclusion:The authors suggest that these plants have been used since antiquity as medicinal agents and require in-depth investigation with both clinical and preclinical validated models of study. The results of these studies will be extremely useful to cancer patients requiring curative radiotherapy, the dermatology fraternity, agro-based and pharmaceutical sectors at large.
Synthesis of Tri- and Tetra- Phenyl Substituted 1H-imidazoles in the Presence of Chitin and Pectin as Natural Catalyst
Authors: Marandi Ghasem , Rasoulizadeh Salmeh , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Chitin and pectin are important natural polymers which are used as a natural
catalyst for the synthesis of tri- and tetra- phenyl substituted 1H-imidazoles.

Material and Methods:
The reaction of benzil and aromatic aldehydes with ammonium acetate in the
presence of chitin produces 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazoles and the reaction of benzil, aromatic aldehydes
and aniline derivatives with ammonium acetate in the presence of pectin produces 1,2,4,5-
tetraphenyl-1H-imidazoles, respectively.

Results:
The results show that the synthesis of 2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetraphenyl-
1H-imidazoles can be catalyzed by chitin and pectin in an effective route, respectively. All synthesized
compounds are in good agreement with previously reported compounds.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, an efficient methodology has been carried out to generate 2,4,5-triphenyl-
1H-imidazoles and 1,2,4,5-tetraphenyl-1H-imidazoles, by using non-toxic, cheap and in available catalysis
(chitin and pectin).
Structural Refinement, Morphological Features, and Optical, Photo- and Sonophotocatalytic Properties of (Ca1-xSrx)WO4 Synthesized by the Sonochemical Method
Authors: de Sousa Priscila B. , Nogueira Içamira C. , Sczancoski Júlio C. , Viana Bartolomeu C. , Santos Maria R.M.C. , Longo Elson , Cavalcante Laecio S. 
Published: April 2021

Aims:
We investigate the structural and morphological features as well as the sonophotocatalytic
properties of (Ca1-xSrx)WO4 (x = 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1) synthesized by the sonochemical method (SC). The
as-synthesized samples were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement,
micro-Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopies. Field-emission scanning electron
microscopy (FE–SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to analyze the morphological
aspects and elemental chemical composition, respectively.

Background:
Currently, environmental issues have been one of the main concerns in the world, especially
the contamination of freshwater supplies. Hence, environmental scientists have an enormous interest in developing
efficient wastewater treatment technologies to remove harmful substances from contaminated water
resources. In general, synthetic organic dyes and pigments, widely employed as coloring agents in leather
or textile industries, severely impact the environment because of their toxic and carcinogenic nature.
When discharged into water sources, such chemical pollutants have an irreversible and devastating impact
on flora and fauna. As an alternative route to minimize these negative impacts, heterogeneous photocatalysis
has emerged as a low-cost, safe, and versatile wastewater treatment approach.

Objective:
To analyze the effect of different strontium (Sr) contents (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1) on the
structural, morphological, optical, and sonophotocatalytic (SPC) properties of (Ca1-xSrx)WO4 samples.

Methods:
(Ca1-xSrx)WO4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1) were synthesized by the sonochemical method at 40
ºC for 3 h.

Results:
XRD patterns, Rietveld refinement data, and micro-Raman and FT–IR spectra proved that all samples
are structurally organized in a scheelite-type tetragonal structure without deleterious phases. FE–SEM
images showed the growth of flower- and spindle-like crystals. UV–Vis spectra indicated that the increase
of Egap (from 4.68 to 4.94 eV) in (Ca1-xSrx)WO4 samples was proportional to Sr concentration inserted into
the lattice.

Conclusion:
Among all samples, CaWO4 exhibited the highest SPC performance for the degradation of
RhB solution under UV irradiation. When irradiated for 200 min, a degradation rate of around 96% was
achieved for this sample. The ultrasound-assisted photocatalysis proved to be a promising approach for the
degradation of organic dyes.
Prediction Models for the Clinical Severity of Patients With COVID-19 in Korea: Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Oh Bumjo , Hwangbo Suhyun , Jung Taeyeong , Min Kyungha , Lee Chanhee , Apio Catherine , Lee Hyejin , Lee Seungyeoun , Moon Min Kyong , Kim Shin-Woo , Park Taesung 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundLimited information is available about the present characteristics and dynamic clinical changes that occur in patients with COVID-19 during the early phase of the illness.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate machine learning models based on clinical features to assess the risk of severe disease and triage for COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter cohort study included patients with COVID-19 who were released from quarantine until April 30, 2020, in Korea. A total of 5628 patients were included in the training and testing cohorts to train and validate the models that predict clinical severity and the duration of hospitalization, and the clinical severity score was defined at four levels: mild, moderate, severe, and critical.ResultsOut of a total of 5601 patients, 4455 (79.5%), 330 (5.9%), 512 (9.1%), and 301 (5.4%) were included in the mild, moderate, severe, and critical levels, respectively. As risk factors for predicting critical patients, we selected older age, shortness of breath, a high white blood cell count, low hemoglobin levels, a low lymphocyte count, and a low platelet count. We developed 3 prediction models to classify clinical severity levels. For example, the prediction model with 6 variables yielded a predictive power of >0.93 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We developed a web-based nomogram, using these models.ConclusionsOur prediction models, along with the web-based nomogram, are expected to be useful for the assessment of the onset of severe and critical illness among patients with COVID-19 and triage patients upon hospital admission.
Protective Behaviors and Secondary Harms Resulting From Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Epidemic in South Africa: Multisite, Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Harling Guy , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Tlouyamma Joseph , Mutevedzi Tinofa , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa Whiteson , Mahlako Ruth , Singh Urisha , Ohene-Kwofie Daniel , Buckland Rose , Ndagurwa Pedzisai , Gareta Dickman , Gunda Resign , Mngomezulu Thobeka , Nxumalo Siyabonga , Wong Emily B , Kahn Kathleen , Siedner Mark J , Maimela Eric , Tollman Stephen , Collinson Mark , Herbst Kobus 
Published: April 2021

Background
In March 2020, South Africa implemented strict nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to contain the spread of COVID-19. Over the subsequent 5 months, NPI policies were eased in stages according to a national strategy. COVID-19 spread throughout the country heterogeneously; the disease reached rural areas by July and case numbers peaked from July to August. A second COVID-19 wave began in late 2020. Data on the impact of NPI policies on social and economic well-being and access to health care are limited.

Objective
We aimed to determine how rural residents in three South African provinces changed their behaviors during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave.

Methods
The South African Population Research Infrastructure Network nodes in the Mpumalanga (Agincourt), KwaZulu-Natal, (Africa Health Research Institute) and Limpopo (Dikgale-Mamabolo-Mothiba) provinces conducted up to 14 rounds of longitudinal telephone surveys among randomly sampled households from rural and periurban surveillance populations every 2-3 weeks. Interviews included questions on the following topics: COVID-19–related knowledge and behaviors, the health and economic impacts of NPIs, and mental health. We analyzed how responses varied based on NPI stringency and household sociodemographics.

Results
In total, 5120 households completed 23,095 interviews between April and December 2020. Respondents’ self-reported satisfaction with their COVID-19–related knowledge and face mask use rapidly rose to 85% and 95%, respectively, by August. As selected NPIs were eased, the amount of travel increased, economic losses were reduced, and the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms fell. When the number of COVID-19 cases spiked at one node in July, the amount of travel dropped rapidly and the rate of missed daily medications doubled. Households where more adults received government-funded old-age pensions reported concerns about economic matters and medication access less often.

Conclusions
South Africans complied with stringent, COVID-19–related NPIs despite the threat of substantial social, economic, and health repercussions. Government-supported social welfare programs appeared to buffer interruptions in income and health care access during local outbreaks. Epidemic control policies must be balanced against the broader well-being of people in resource-limited settings and designed with parallel support systems when such policies threaten peoples’ income and access to basic services.