bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Coupling Architectures for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Dong , Xue Can 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlasmonic photocatalysis is a promising approach for solar energy transformation. Comparing with isolated metal nanoparticles, the plasmonic coupling architectures can provide further strengthened local electromagnetic field and boosted light‐harvesting capability through optimal control over the composition, spacing, and orientation of individual nanocomponents. As such, when integrated with semiconductor photocatalysts, the coupled metal nanostructures can dramatically promote exciton generation and separation through plasmonic‐coupling‐driven charge/energy transfer toward superior photocatalytic efficiencies. Herein, the principles of the plasmonic coupling effect are presented and recent progress on the construction of plasmonic coupling architectures and their integration with semiconductors for enhanced photocatalytic reactions is summarized. In addition, the remaining challenges as to the rational design and utilization of plasmon coupling structures are elaborated, and some prospects to inspire new opportunities on the future development of plasmonic coupling structures for efficient and sustainable light‐driven reactions are raised.
A Bottom‐Up Approach to Red‐Emitting Molecular‐Based Nanoparticles with Natural Stealth Properties and their Use for Single‐Particle Tracking Deep in Brain Tissue
Authors: Rosendale Morgane , Flores Jessica , Paviolo Chiara , Pagano Paolo , Daniel Jonathan , Ferreira Joana , Verlhac Jean‐Baptiste , Groc Laurent , Cognet Laurent , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluorescent nanoparticles dedicated to bioimaging applications should possess specific properties that have to be maintained in the aqueous, reactive, and crowded biological environment. These include chemical and photostability, small size (on the scale of subcellular structures), biocompatibility, high brightness, and good solubility. The latter is a major challenge for inorganic nanoparticles, which require surface coating to be made water soluble. Molecular‐based fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) may prove a promising, spontaneously water‐soluble alternative, whose bottom‐up design allows for the fine‐tuning of individual properties. Here, the critical challenge of controlling the interaction of nanoparticles with cellular membranes is addressed. This is a report on bright, size‐tunable, red‐emitting, naturally stealthy FONs that do not require the use of antifouling agents to impede interactions with cellular membranes. As a proof of concept, single FONs diffusing up to 150 µm deep in brain tissue are imaged and tracked.
Polymeric Microparticles Generated via Confinement‐Free Fluid Instability
Authors: Song Jianing , Zhang Wenluan , Wang Dehui , Fan Yue , Zhang Chenglin , Wang Dapeng , Chen Longquan , Miao Bing , Cui Jiaxi , Deng Xu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn‐fiber fluid instability can be harnessed to realize scalable microparticles fabrication with tunable sizes and multifunctional characteristics making it competitive in comparison to conventional microparticles fabrication methods. However, since in‐fiber fluid instability has to be induced via thermal annealing and the resulting microparticles can only be collected after dissolving the fiber cladding, obtaining contamination‐free particles for high‐temperature incompatible materials remains great challenge. Herein, confinement‐free fluid instability is demonstrated to fabricate polymeric microparticles in a facile manner induced by the ultralow surface energy of the superamphiphobic surface. The polymer solution columns break up into uniform droplets then form spherical particles spontaneously in seconds at ambient temperature. This method can be applied to a variety of polymers spanning an exceptionally wide range of sizes: from 1 mm down to 1 µm. With the aid of microfluidic spinning instrument, a large quantity of microparticles can be obtained, making this method promising for scaling up production. Notably, through simple modification of the feed solution configuration, composite/structured micromaterials can also be produced, including quantum‐dots‐labeled fluorescent particles, magnetic particles, core–shell particles, microcapsules, and necklace‐like microfibers. This method, with general applicability and facile control, is envisioned to have great prospects in the field of polymer microprocessing.
Synthesis of Wafer‐Scale Graphene with Chemical Vapor Deposition for Electronic Device Applications
Authors: Sun Baojun , Pang Jinbo , Cheng Qilin , Zhang Shu , Li Yufen , Zhang Congcong , Sun Dehui , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Li Yang , Chen Duo , Fan Huaimin , Han Qingfang , Chao Mengxin , Liu Hong , Wang Jingang , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Han Lin , Zhou Weijia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first isolation of graphene opens the avenue for new platforms for physics, electronic engineering, and materials sciences. Among several kinds of synthesis approaches, chemical vapor deposition is most promising for the growth at wafer‐scale, which is compatible with the Si‐based electronic device integration protocols. In this review, the types, properties, and synthesis methods of graphene are first introduced. Many details of wafer‐scale graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition strategies are given, including the wafer‐scale single crystal metal and alloy preparation, roll to roll synthesis over Cu, roll to roll electrochemical transfer technique. Besides, the batch‐to‐batch synthesis are highlighted for direct graphene over dielectric substrates such as sapphire and Si/SiO2. The electronic transport and transparent conductance of the wafer‐scale graphene are compared with high‐quality single crystal. The progress and proof‐of‐the‐concept are briefly recalled in graphene‐based electronics such as transistors, sensors, integrated circuits, and spin transport valves. Eventually, the readers are provoked with the current challenges as well as the future opportunities.​
Optical Momentum Alignment Effect in WSe2 Phototransistor
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Xu Ya‐Qiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe optical momentum alignment effect is demonstrated in WSe2 phototransistors . When the photon energy is above the A exciton energy, the maximum photocurrent response occurs for the light polarization direction parallel to the metal electrode edge, suggesting that electrons in the valence band of WSe2 prefer to absorb photons with the polarization direction perpendicular to their momentum direction. Further studies indicate that the anisotropic distribution of photo‐excited carriers is likely due to the pseudospin‐induced optical transition selection rules. If the photon energy is below the A exciton energy, the photocurrent signals are maximized when the incident light is polarized in the direction perpendicular to the electrode edge, which is mainly attributed to the polarized absorption of the plasmonic gold electrodes. Moreover, the photocurrent peak can be controlled by an electric field via the quantum confined Stark effect. This resonance peak can also be shifted by adjusting environmental temperatures due to the temperature‐dependent nature of the WSe2 band gap. These experimental studies shed light on the knowledge of photocurrent generation mechanisms, opening the door for engineering future anisotropic optoelectronics.
Tunable Light Polarization Information from Single Upconverting Fluoride Microcrystal
Authors: Yang Dandan , Peng Zixing , Guo Xin , Qiao Shuqian , Zhao Pu , Zhan Qiuqiang , Qiu Jianrong , Yang Zhongmin , Dong Guoping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe key components in display, imaging, data communication, and photoelectric detection fields are low‐dimensional micro‐/nanomaterials with highly anisotropic optoelectronic properties manifesting polarized light. However, for anisotropic upconversion (UC) materials, obtaining tunable polarization characteristics remains a significant challenge. Herein, based on a detailed investigation of the crystal structure, local symmetry, and properties of rare‐earth ions (RE3+), the authors successfully realized a tunable UC light polarization characteristic (UCLPC) with dependence on excitation polarization using a series of RE3+ single‐ or co‐doped β‐NaYF4 microrods. By simulating the electron cloud distribution and bonding structure based on density functional theory calculations, it is shown that: i) Yb3+ with a unique electron cloud distribution adjusts the UCLPC of the activator via energy transfer processes; ii) co‐doping with RE3+ having a larger dipole polarizability improves the UCLPC of the activator by performing its electric field distribution toward anisotropy; and iii) increasing the activator concentration strengthens the UCLPC. By exploiting the unique UCLPC from different doping combinations, applications in optical storage, encryption, and anti‐counterfeiting are illustrated. Simultaneously, the findings obtained in this work will provide new and exciting fundamental insights into understanding the polarization properties of RE3+ in an anisotropic structure.
Efficiently Luminescent and Stable Lead‐free Cs3Cu2Cl5@Silica Nanocrystals for White Light‐Emitting Diodes and Communication
Authors: Zhao Shuangyi , Chen Chen , Cai Wensi , Li Ru , Li Haiyun , Jiang Siqi , Liu Min , Zang Zhigang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe poor stability of lead‐free Cs3Cu2Cl5nanocrystals (NCs) is the main impediment for their broad practical applications. Here, a sol‐gel reaction using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the silica coating precursor to prepare Cs3Cu2Cl5@SiOxNCs is proposed. Due to the efficient passivation and robust protection of SiOxshells on the NCs surface, Cs3Cu2Cl5@SiOxNCs solution and films exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 98% and 76%, respectively, and improved stability against water and heat. Cs3Cu2Cl5@SiOxNCs are then used to fabricate warm white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs), which show a high color‐rendering index of 94 and a proper correlated color temperature of 5049 K, and maintain an excellent thermal (265–360 K) and prolonged operating (380 h) stability. In addition, the good white light emission facilitates the application in visible light communication (VLC). The VLC light source demonstrates a −3 dB bandwidth of 420 kHz, and the achieved data rate of the VLC system reaches 2.65 Mbps using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation with a bit loading. As a result, lead‐free Cs3Cu2Cl5@SiOxNCs with an efficient optical performance and an excellent stability might promote the development of stable NCs and extend the applications in optoelectronics.
Superoxide Dismutase‐Loaded Nanoparticles Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury and Protect against Chronic Adverse Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Altshuler Peter J. , Schiazza Alexis R. , Luo Lijun , Helmers Mark R. , Chhay Bonirath , Han Jason J. , Hu Robin , Herbst David Alan , Tsourkas Andrew , Cheng Zhiliang , Atluri Pavan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly revascularization is critical to reduce morbidity after myocardial infarction, although reperfusion incites additional oxidative injury. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) but has low endogenous expression and rapid myocardial washout when administered exogenously. This study utilizes a novel nanoparticle carrier to improve exogeneous SOD retention while preserving enzyme function. Its role is assessed in preserving cardiac function after myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here, nanoparticle‐encapsulated SOD (NP‐SOD) exhibits similar enzyme activity as free SOD, measured by ferricytochrome‐c assay. In an in vitro I/R model, free and NP‐SOD reduce active ROS, preserve mitochondrial integrity, and improve cell viability compared to controls. In a rat in vivo I/R injury model, NP‐encapsulation of fluorescent‐tagged SOD improves intramyocardial retention after direct injection. Intramyocardial NP‐SOD administration in vivo improves left ventricular contractility at 3‐h post‐reperfusion by echocardiography and 4‐weeks by echocardiography and invasive pressure–volume catheter analysis. These findings suggest that NP‐SOD mitigates ROS damage in cardiac I/R injury in vitro and maximizes retention in vivo. NP‐SOD further attenuates acute injury and protects against myocyte loss and chronic adverse ventricular remodeling, demonstrating potential for translating NP‐SOD as a therapy to mitigate myocardial I/R injury.
Dopants in the Design of Noble Metal Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts and their Effect on Surface Energy and Coordination Chemistry at the Nanocrystal Surface
Authors: Kwon Taehyun , Kim Taekyung , Son Yunchang , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCommercialization of energy conversion technologies, such as water electrolysis or fuel cells, has become a common prioritized goal in academia and industry due to the accelerated environmental crisis caused by the rapid increase in demand for fossil fuel‐based energy resources. However, these state‐of‐the‐art technologies require the use of expensive noble metal‐based electrocatalysts, which significantly undermine the feasibility of their commercial success. The introduction of less expensive elements into the noble metal‐based electrocatalysts, namely, doping, has become common in nanocatalysis research because of the lower catalyst preparation costs. Interestingly, recent studies have revealed additional roles of dopants in noble metal catalysts; doping can enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity by modulating the band structure, optimizing the surface energy of the catalysts, controlling the binding strength of adsorbates, and thus affecting the reaction kinetics. Dopants can also intervene in the nanocrystal growth mechanism, leading to shape‐ and phase‐controlled nanocrystals. This review discusses the great versatility of dopants in nanoparticle‐based catalysis in all aspects, from nanocrystal growth to nanocatalyst performance. The future challenges and outlook for dopants in nanocrystals and their applications are further discussed.
Correlations among soil biochemical parameters, crop yield, and soil respiration vary with growth stage and soil depth under fertilization
Authors: Liang Guopeng , Wu Xueping , Cai Andong , Dai Hongcui , Zhou Liping , Cai Dianxiong , Houssou Albert , Gao Lili , Wang Bisheng , Li Shengping , Song Xiaojun , Wu Huijun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMost studies only measure soil biochemical parameters in the surface soil at one growth stage to uncover how fertilization affects crop yield and soil respiration. A field study was conducted in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system to determine whether correlations among soil biochemical parameters, crop yield, and soil respiration vary with growth stage and soil depth. Annual crop yield, seasonal soil respiration, soil biochemical parameters at different growth stages (i.e., soil enzyme activity and available N content), and soil chemical parameters at different soil depths (i.e., soil organic carbon [SOC] and total nitrogen [TN] content) were measured. Stronger positive relationships between crop yield, soil respiration, and soil biochemical parameters were found at the first growth stage relative to other stages during both the 2013 wheat and 2014 maize growing seasons. In addition, the most significant relationship among soil chemical properties, crop yield, and soil respiration was found at 20‐to‐40‐cm soil depth during the 2013 wheat growing season but was found at 0‐to‐20‐cm soil depth during the 2014 maize growing season. Overall, correlations among soil biochemical parameters, crop yield, and soil respiration vary with growth stage and soil depth under fertilization. Our study indicates that single time‐point measurements of only surface soil biochemical parameters are not sufficient to understand fertilization impacts on crop yield and soil respiration.
Structural Community Governance: Importance for Community‐Academic Research Partnerships
Authors: Sanchez‐Youngman Shannon , Boursaw Blake , Oetzel John , Kastellic Sara , Devia Carlos , Scarpetta Maia , Belone Lorenda , Wallerstein Nina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCommunity based participatory research (CBPR) emphasizes democratic knowledge production and joint action between academics and communities to promote health equity through multilevel interventions. While much scholarship has expressed a commitment to collaboration between researchers and communities, effective methods of structural governance between community and academic stakeholders is under explored. We fill this gap by presenting a conceptual and empirical analysis describing multiple dimensions of structural governance in CBPR partnerships. First, we integrate public policy evidence on effective collaborative governance designs with the emerging literature in CBPR to create a conceptual model. Next, we utilize internet surveys of 179 federally funded community engaged research projects to construct and assess a measure of structural governance across multiple dimensions using confirmatory factor analysis. We explore whether antecedent factors such as the stage of the partnership and ethnic composition are associated with these dimensions and we examine associations for each of these components on positive perceptions of community involvement of research and collective empowerment. We develop a robust multidimensional measure of structural governance that is positively associated with perceptions of increased community involvement in research and collective empowerment.
Electrocatalytic Activation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes: An Alternative C(sp3)−C(sp3) Cleavage Mode
Authors: Kolb Simon , Petzold Martin , Brandt Felix , Jones Peter G. , Jacob Christoph R. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe describe the first electrochemical activation of D–A cyclopropanes and D–A cyclobutanes leading after C(sp3)−C(sp3) cleavage to the formation of highly reactive radical cations. This concept is utilized to formally insert molecular oxygen after direct or DDQ‐assisted anodic oxidation of the strained carbocycles, delivering β‐ and γ‐hydroxy ketones and 1,2‐dioxanes electrocatalytically. Furthermore, insights into the mechanism of the oxidative process, obtained experimentally and by additional quantum‐chemical calculations are presented. The synthetic potential of the reaction products is demonstrated by diverse derivatizations.
Covalent organic framework supported Pd(II)‐catalyzed conjugate additions of arylboronic acids to α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids
Authors: Wen Min , Lu Shujuan , Fan Chaogang , Shen Kai , Lin Shaohui , Pan Qinmin 
Published: April 2021

A palladium(II)‐coordinated covalent organic framework (Pd(II)@COF) was mechanochemically synthesized from [2,2′‐bipyridine]‐5,5′‐diamine (Bpy) and 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp), which was demonstrated as a catalyst for conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to unreactive α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids in aqueous media (water/acetone = 1:1). Modest to good yields were obtained for most substrates, and studies on the catalyst recyclability showed that the heterogeneous catalyst gave >80% yields in the first 4 cycles. This research broadens the application of COFs supported catalysis and gave a new option for Pd(II)‐catalysis.
Tuning piezoelectric properties in elastomeric polyurethane nanocomposites utilizing cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Sanches Alex O. , da Silva Michael J. , Malmonge Luiz F. , Basso Nara R. S. , Malmonge José A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlexible piezoelectric nanocomposites have been the subject of a lot of recent research due to the development and use of wearable electronic devices and the increasing need for new harvesting devices and sensors due to increasingly intelligent and interconnected cities. In this study, flexible piezoelectric nanocomposites using elastomeric polyurethane (PU) as matrix, and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) as active phase, were produced using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as the third phase. The study describes the effect of CNC insertion on the morphology, thermal, electrical, and piezoelectric properties of the nanocomposites. It points out that the CNCs not only act to cause greater dispersion of the ceramic grains in the matrix, but also to lead to greater polarization effectiveness of the ceramic grains, resulting in a longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d33) increase of more than 370%, as compared with biphasic composites dependent on the ceramic and nanocrystals content.
The use of Bis‐(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphane for surface modification of silica, ferrite and kenaf fiber filled natural rubber composites; comparison of aqueous solvent deposition, dry blend and integral blend methods
Authors: Shuib Raa Khimi , Shamsuddin Rashid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, Bis‐(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulphane was employed for surface modification of silica, ferrite and kenaf fiber filled natural rubber composites using aqueous solvent deposition, dry blending and integral blend methods. The efficiency of each method and the preferred modification method for improving the mechanical performance of natural rubber composites was assessed. The appearance of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peak around 1088 cm−1for all types of fillers provided evidence that silane interaction had occurred between the fillers and rubber and the formation of siloxane linkages were quantitatively determined by the crosslink density measurement. The surface treatment by dry method for silica and ferrite fillers showed significant improvement of tensile performance at approximately 67% and 34% compared to those with untreated fillers. For kenaf fiber‐filled rubber composites, the surface treatment by aqueous solvent deposition showed the highest tensile improvement of 59% compared to the dry blending and integral blend method.
It is the ambience, not the menu. Prey availability does not drive habitat selection by the endangered Pyrenean desman
Authors: Esnaola Amaiur , Mata Vanessa , Arrizabalaga‐Escudero Aitor , González‐Esteban Jorge , Larrañaga Aitor , Rebelo Hugo , Elosegi Arturo , Aihartza Joxerra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is an endangered stream‐dwelling insectivore endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and the north of the Pyrenees. It favours riffles over slow habitats such as runs or pools, yet it is still unclear whether habitat preference is based on prey availability or on other factors, such as mechanical constraints on its hunting habits.
Desman diet and prey selection were analysed along the pristine Elama Stream and the slightly modified Leitzaran Stream in the Basque Country, Spain.
In each stream the prey consumed were identified by metabarcoding 94 desman faeces, and prey availability characterized from 10 Surber samples taken in each habitat type (riffles, runs and pools). Invertebrates were sorted and identified, the biomass of each taxon was calculated, and their DNA was also extracted, amplified using PCR, and sequenced to build a reference database.
Prey availability and diet varied between streams. Desmans positively selected shredders and invertebrates that live on the substrate, and selected against taxa that live in fine sediment, taxa with hard shells or those that are highly mobile. The diet of desmans was more selective in the Elama, the stream with better ecological status. Food availability did not differ among habitats, and therefore does not explain the preference of desmans for riffles; rather, mechanical constraints to deal with buoyancy and physical habitat heterogeneity were hypothesized to be the reason behind the habitat preference.
The results suggest that promoting the formation of riffles in streams can improve the situation of some desman populations living in degraded habitats.