bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aplication of Soil Productivity Index after Eight Years of Soil Reclamation with Sewage Sludge Amendments
Authors: Halecki Wiktor , Klatka Sławomir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRemediation methods are gaining acceptance as effective and inexpensive techniques used in the reclamation of degraded areas. The reclamation of post-mining sites has become important for the conservation of soil and vegetation. An assessment of potential productivity of plants based on the depth of their root zone is crucial for the validation of properties of post-mining soils. Our aim was to present soil productivity parameters that would facilitate assessment of various post-mining objects. Soil productivity index (SPI) was calculated to assess soil quality, mainly in areas degraded by hard coal mining. It is based on an equation determining the relationship between the productivity index and the physical, chemical, and hydrological properties of soil. Our study demonstrated the positive effects of enriched sewage sludge with amendments on newly formed soil and plants. The soil productivity index was 0.81, demonstrating the suitable condition of the initial soil resulting from reclamation. This parameter might be important for post-industrial reclamation, such as wasteland intended to be transformed into woodland. Considering the composition of sewage sludge amendments, it can be successfully used as an effective method of restoring and improving both the physical and chemical properties of soils, thus effectively replacing mineral fertilisers. The use of sewage sludge in soil reclamation will be an important method of managing this waste material in post-mining areas.
Five-Card AND Computations in Committed Format Using Only Uniform Cyclic Shuffles
Authors: Abe Yuta , Hayashi Yu-ichi , Mizuki Takaaki , Sone Hideaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn card-based cryptography, designing AND protocols in committed format is a major research topic. The state-of-the-art AND protocol proposed by Koch, Walzer, and Härtel in ASIACRYPT 2015 uses only four cards, which is the minimum permissible number. The minimality of their protocol relies on somewhat
complicated shuffles having non-uniform probabilities of possible outcomes. Restricting the allowed shuffles to uniform closed ones entails that, to the best of our knowledge, six cards are sufficient: the six-card AND protocol proposed by Mizuki and Sone in 2009 utilizes the random bisection cut, which is a uniform and cyclic (and hence, closed) shuffle. Thus, a question has arisen: “Can we improve upon this six-card protocol using only uniform closed shuffles?” In other words, the existence or otherwise of a five-card AND protocol in committed format using only uniform closed shuffles has been one of the most important open questions in this field. In this paper, we answer the question affirmatively by designing five-card committed-format AND protocols using only uniform cyclic shuffles. The shuffles that our protocols use are the random cut and random bisection cut, both of which are uniform cyclic shuffles and can be easily implemented by humans.
Scope for predicting seasonal variation of the SPCZ with ACCESS-S1
Authors: Beischer Thomas A. , Gregory Paul , Dayal Kavina , Brown Josephine R. , Charles Andrew N. , Wang William X. D. , Brown Jaclyn N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRegional seasonal forecasting requires accurate simulation of the variability of local climate drivers. The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) is a large region of low-level convergence, clouds and precipitation in the South Pacific, whose effects extend as far as northeast Australia (NEA). The location of the SPCZ is modulated by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) which causes rainfall variability in the region. Correctly simulating the ENSO-SPCZ teleconnection and its interplay with local conditions is essential for improving seasonal rainfall forecasts. Here we analyse the ability of the ACCESS-S1 seasonal forecast system to predict the SPCZ’s relationship with ENSO including its latitudinal shifts, zonal slope and rainfall magnitude between 1990 and 2012 for the December–January–February (DJF) season. We found improvements in ACCESS-S1’s SPCZ prediction capability compared to its predecessor (POAMA), although prediction of the slope is still limited. The inability of ACCESS-S1 to replicate seasons with a strong anti-zonal SPCZ slope is attributed to its atmospheric model. This has implications for accurate seasonal rainfall forecasts for NEA and South Pacific Islands. Future challenges in seasonal prediction facing regional communities and developers of coupled ocean–atmosphere forecast models are discussed.
No implant, no solution, lost cases to surgery: orthopedic trauma triage for surgery in an NGO hospital in Sierra Leone
Authors: Wichlas F. , Hofmann V. , Moursy M. , Strada G. , Deininger C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In low-income countries (LIC), international surgeons face the fact that there are patients they cannot treat. The goal of this study was to identify and analyze patients lost to treatment.

Material and methods
We analyzed retrospectively the data of 282 trauma victims from a non-governmental organizational (NGO) hospital in Sierra Leone, Africa. During a 3-month period (10.10.2015–08.01.2016), these patients had 367 injuries and underwent 263 orthopedic surgeries. Despite a clear indication, some patients did not receive surgical treatment. We identified these injuries and the reason why they could not be operated. The anatomic region of the injury was evaluated and if they had a bone or soft tissue defect or were infected.

Results
We identified 95 (25.89%) injuries in 70 patients (47 males; 23 females) that were not be operated. The reasons were lack of specific implants (no implant group; N = 33), no treatment strategy for the injury (no solution group; N = 29), and patients that were lost (lost patient group; N = 33), almost equally distributed by 1/3. In the no implant group were mainly closed fractures and fractures of the pelvis and the proximal femur. The implants needed were locking plates (N = 19), proximal femoral nails (N = 8), and implants for pelvic surgery (N = 6). In the no solution group were nearly all bone (P < 0.0000), soft tissue defects (P < 0.00001) and infections (P = 0.00003) compared to the rest and more open fractures (P < 0.00001). In the lost patients group, most fractures were closed (24 out of 33, P = 0.033). These fractures were mostly not urgent and were postponed repeatedly.

Conclusion
One quarter of the patients did not receive the surgical treatment needed. Besides acquisition of implants, surgical skills and expertise could be a solution for this issue. Nevertheless, these skills must be passed to local surgeons.
Occupational exposures and respiratory symptoms and lung function among hairdressers in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Heibati Behzad , Jaakkola Maritta S. , Lajunen Taina K. , Ducatman Alan , Bamshad Zahra , Eslamizad Samira , Shafee Fatemeh , Karimi Ali , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
Exposures at hairdressers’ work have been reported to lead to an increased risk of several health outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the relations between occupational exposures and respiratory symptoms and lung function among hairdressers in Iran.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare potential respiratory effects among 140 women working as hairdressers to such effects among 140 women working as office workers (administrative personnel). Both groups worked in Shiraz, Iran. Respiratory symptoms were assessed by a standard respiratory questionnaire. The questionnaire also inquired about substances used and workspace conditions, including ventilation type. Lung function levels were measured by spirometry.

Results
Respiratory symptoms, including cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness were significantly more frequent in hairdressers compared to the reference group (p < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, hairdressers had a prevalence ratio (PR) of 2.18 (95% CI 1.26–3.77) for cough, 9.59 (95% CI 1.004–91.73) for wheezing, 2.06 (95% CI 1.25–3.39) for shortness of breath, and 3.31 (95% CI 1.84–5.97) for chest tightness compared to the reference group. Lung function parameters (including VC, FVC, and FEV1) were significantly reduced in hairdressers (p < 0.001). Absence of air conditioning predicted greater reduction in lung function (p < 0.05) in the exposed. Decrease in FVC with normal FEV1/FVC in the exposed group suggested existence of restrictive lung function.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence of increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and restrictive lung function impairment among hairdressers in Iran.
Induced secretion system mutation alters rhizosphere bacterial composition in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Authors: Balasubramanian Vimal Kumar , Dampanaboina Lavanya , Cobos Christopher Joseph , Yuan Ning , Xin Zhanguo , Mendu Venugopal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
A novel inducible secretion system mutation in Sorghum named Red root has been identified. The mutant plant root exudes pigmented compounds that enriches Actinobacteria in its rhizosphere compared to BTx623.

Abstract
Favorable plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere positively influence plant growth and stress tolerance. Sorghum bicolor, a staple biomass and food crop, has been shown to selectively recruit Gram-positive bacteria (Actinobacteria) in its rhizosphere under drought conditions to enhance stress tolerance. However, the genetic/biochemical mechanism underlying the selective enrichment of specific microbial phyla in the sorghum rhizosphere is poorly known due to the lack of available mutants with altered root secretion systems. Using a subset of sorghum ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutant lines, we have isolated a novel Red root (RR) mutant with an increased accumulation and secretion of phenolic compounds in roots. Genetic analysis showed that RR is a single dominant mutation. We further investigated the effect of root-specific phenolic compounds on rhizosphere microbiome composition under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. The microbiome diversity analysis of the RR rhizosphere showed that Actinobacteria were enriched significantly under the well-watered condition but showed no significant change under the water-deficit condition. BTx623 rhizosphere showed a significant increase in Actinobacteria under the water-deficit condition. Overall, the rhizosphere of RR genotype retained a higher bacterial diversity and richness relative to the rhizosphere of BTx623, especially under water-deficit condition. Therefore, the RR mutant provides an excellent genetic resource for rhizosphere-microbiome interaction studies as well as to develop drought-tolerant lines. Identification of the RR gene and the molecular mechanism through which the mutant selectively enriches microbial populations in the rhizosphere will be useful in designing strategies for improving sorghum productivity and stress tolerance.
Ultrastructural observations on the oncomiracidium epidermis and adult tegument of Discocotyle sagittata, a monogenean gill parasite of salmonids
Authors: El-Naggar Mohamed Mohamed , Tinsley Richard C , Cable Jo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring their different life stages, parasites undergo remarkable morphological, physiological, and behavioral “metamorphoses” to meet the needs of their changing habitats. This is even true for ectoparasites, such as the monogeneans, which typically have a free-swimming larval stage (oncomiracidium) that seeks out and attaches to the external surfaces of fish where they mature. Before any obvious changes occur, there are ultrastructural differences in the oncomiracidium’s outer surface that prepare it for a parasitic existence. The present findings suggest a distinct variation in timing of the switch from oncomiracidia epidermis to the syncytial structure of the adult tegument and so, to date, there are three such categories within the Monogenea: (1) Nuclei of both ciliated cells and interciliary cytoplasm are shed from the surface layer and the epidermis becomes a syncytial layer during the later stages of embryogenesis; (2) nuclei of both ciliated cells and interciliary syncytium remain distinct and the switch occurs later after the oncomiracidia hatch (as in the present study); and (3) the nuclei remain distinct in the ciliated epidermis but those of the interciliary epidermis are lost during embryonic development. Here we describe how the epidermis of the oncomiracidium of Discocotyle sagittata is differentiated into two regions, a ciliated cell layer and an interciliary, syncytial cytoplasm, both of which are nucleated. The interciliary syncytium extends in-between and underneath the ciliated cells and sometimes covers part of their apical surfaces, possibly the start of their shedding process. The presence of membranous whorls and pyknotic nuclei over the surface are indicative of membrane turnover suggesting that the switch in epidermis morphology is already initiated at this stage. The body tegument and associated putative sensory receptors of subadult and adult D. sagittata are similar to those in other monogeneans.
Higher Hölder regularity for nonlocal equations with irregular kernel
Authors: Nowak Simon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the higher Hölder regularity of local weak solutions to a class of nonlinear nonlocal elliptic equations with kernels that satisfy a mild continuity assumption. An interesting feature of our main result is that the obtained regularity is better than one might expect when considering corresponding results for local elliptic equations in divergence form with continuous coefficients. Therefore, in some sense our result can be considered to be of purely nonlocal type, following the trend of various such purely nonlocal phenomena observed in recent years. Our approach can be summarized as follows. First, we use certain test functions that involve discrete fractional derivatives in order to obtain higher Hölder regularity for homogeneous equations driven by a locally translation invariant kernel, while the global behaviour of the kernel is allowed to be more general. This enables us to deduce the desired regularity in the general case by an approximation argument.
Schielen oder nicht Schielen? – Strabismus divergens intermittens, eine besondere Schielform
Authors: Resch Ruth E. , Entacher Sigrid 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schielen tritt bei ca. 5–7 % der gesunden Kinder auf. Außenschielen ist mit 1,24 % weltweit seltener als Innenschielen. Der Strabismus divergens intermittens stellt mit 40–90 % die häufigste divergente Schielform dar. Das klinische Bild wurde von vielen AutorInnen beschrieben. Dennoch stellt es durch die Variabilität der Befunde eine therapeutische Herausforderung dar.

Material und Methode
Es wurden im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche die Ergebnisse von Studien zum Strabismus divergens intermittens mit Fokus auf klinisches Bild, Untersuchungskriterien und Therapieansätze gesammelt und die Ergebnisse dargestellt.

Resultate
Der Strabismus divergens intermittens zeichnet sich durch eine besondere Binokularsituation und bisher ursächlich nicht vollends geklärte Symptome (Photophobie, Kneifen) aus. Konservative Therapien dienen der Entlastung des visuellen Systems, in vielen Fällen ist aber eine Schieloperation nötig. In der präoperativen Beurteilung ist der Stabilität des Schielwinkels besonderes Augenmerk zu schenken, als Entscheidungshilfe hinsichtlich Schieloperation hat sich der New Castle Control Score bewährt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die klinischen Charakteristika des Strabismus divergens intermittens sind klar beschrieben. Hinsichtlich therapeutischer Ansätze zeigen sich im internationalen Vergleich Unterschiede. Die Bedeutung der Einbeziehung der Eltern („shared decision making“) bei der Beurteilung der Schielhäufigkeit und bei der Operationsentscheidung ist zu betonen.
Articulating bargaining theories: movement, chance, and necessity as descriptive principles
Authors: Laengle Sigifredo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Nash Demand Game (NDG) has been one of the first models (Nash in Econometrica 21(1):128–140, 1953. 10.2307/1906951) that has tried to describe the process of negotiation, competition, and cooperation. This model has had enormous repercussions and has leveraged basic and applied research on bargaining processes. Therefore, we wonder whether it is possible to articulate extensive and multiple developments into a single unifying framework. The Viability Theory has this inclusive approach. Thus, we investigate the NDG under this point of view, and, carrying out this work, we find that the answer is not only affirmative but that we also advance in characterising viable NDGs. In particular, we found foundations describe the distributive Bargaining Theory: the principle of movement and the principle of chance and necessity. Finally, this initial work has many interesting perspectives. The probably most important idea is to integrate developments of the Bargaining Theory and thus capture the complexity of the real world in an articulated way.
Effects and Safety of a Novel Oral Potassium-Lowering Drug-Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Xu Ruiling , Wang Fanghao , Liu Youxia , Xu Junying , Zhao Na , Cheng Fajuan , Long Lihong , Jia Junya , Lin Shan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Oral sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is a novel potassium binder capable of achieving a rapid reduction of serum potassium (sK+) and maintaining a long-term normokalemia. We undertook a meta-analysis to summarize and evaluate the effects surrounding SZC in patients with hyperkalemia.

Method
We searched data sources from MEDLINE (from 1950 to Sep 2020), EMBASE (from 1970 to Sep 2020), and the Cochrane Library database (from 1950 to Sep 2020) for eligible studies. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding comparison of therapeutic effects of SZC in hyperkalemia participants were included.

Results
Seven studies, including 1697 patients with hyperkalemia, were analyzed. SZC significantly reduced mean sK+ (−0.42 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.20 mmol/L, p = 0.0001) compared with placebo, with a significantly greater proportion of patients with normokalemia (RR 3.48, 95% CI 1.49 to 8.11, p = 0.004). Subgroup analyses showed that the longer durations of SZC treatment, the greater magnitudes of potassium reduction when compared with those of placebo (p between subgroups = 0.01) at correction phase. Besides, it also demonstrated sK+ tended to decrease more in patients who got longer treatment or larger dosage of SZC at maintenance phase; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, the drug was equally effective in studies with larger than 50% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or diabetes or patients using renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor (RAAS) inhibitors (all p < 0.05). The risk of edema (4.30, 1.17 to 15.84; p = 0.03) in SZC group was higher than those of placebo group. No statistically significant differences in the risks of other adverse events were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions
SZC effectively decreased the sK+ level in patients with hyperkalemia within 48 h and had benefits in the long-term control of serum potassium in patients who continued to receive SZC with a favorable safety profile from available data.
The Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane via In-situ H2O2 Production Over Supported Pd-based Catalysts
Authors: Crombie Caitlin M. , Lewis Richard J. , Kovačič Dávid , Morgan David J. , Slater Thomas J. A. , Davies Thomas E. , Edwards Jennifer. K. , Skjøth-Rasmussen Martin Skov , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe oxidation of cyclohexane via the in-situ production of H2O2 from molecular H2 and O2 offers an attractive route to the current industrial means of producing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol (KA oil), key materials in the production of Nylon. The in-situ route has the potential to overcome the significant economic and environmental concerns associated with the use of commercial H2O2, while also allowing for the use of far lower reaction temperatures than those typical of the purely aerobic route to KA oil. Herein we demonstrate the efficacy of a series of bi-functional Pd-based catalysts, which offer appreciable concentrations of KA oil, under conditions where limited activity is observed using O2 alone. In particular the introduction of V into a supported Pd catalyst is seen to improve KA oil concentration by an order of magnitude, compared to the Pd-only analogue. In particular we ascribe this improvement in catalytic performance to the development of Pd domains of mixed oxidation state upon V incorporation as evidenced through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Graphic Abstract
How Potential New Members Approach an Online Community
Authors: Cho Janghee , Wash Rick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOnline communities, socio-technical systems where people interact with others, depend on new members coming to the community. While the majority of research in online communities relation to the recruitment of new members has focused on new members’ socialization and retention, little work has focused on howpotential new memberswho are not yet a member of the community make the decision on whether they are willing to join in the online community. To understand this initial decision process, we investigated how potential new members build mental models of the online community from their first experience within the community, and how this process impacts the decision to continue participating in the community. We interviewed 31 potential new members of the online communities, Quora and Reddit, to better understand how they evaluate a new community. We found that the process of understanding a community involves orienting toward multiple different aspects of the community, including the content available on the community, the people who are already part of the community, and the technology interface and mechanisms that control the community. Participants who focused on consuming and enjoying content were much more likely to express an interest in future participation in these communities than participants who just evaluated the community, looking at the people in the community or the technology of the community. This extends previous considerations for recruiting new members in online communities. We conclude by discussing how our findings can have broad implications in developing successful online communities and suggesting future research efforts that could help understand potential new members.