bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eine Frage der Kontrolle? Betriebliche Strategien der Digitalisierung und die Autonomie von Beschäftigen in der Produktion
Authors: Nies Sarah 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der digitalen Transformation von Arbeit wird das Verhältnis von Fremd- und Selbstbestimmung im Arbeitsprozess neu verhandelt. Insbesondere im Industriesektor sind Autonomie und Handlungsspielräume von Produktionsbeschäftigten durch den Einsatz digitaler Technologien neuen Rahmenbedingungen unterworfen. Während bislang häufig von den Kontrollpotenzialen neuer Technologien auf Einschränkungen von Beschäftigtenautonomie im Industriebetrieb geschlossen wurde, schlägt der Beitrag eine konzeptionelle Analyseperspektive vor, die die betrieblichen Strategien, die der Einführung digitaler Technologien vorausgehen, ins Zentrum rückt. Auf der Basis qualitativer Empirie aus drei Industriebetrieben wird eine Typologie vier betrieblicher Strategien der Leistungssteuerung unterschieden. An zwei empirischen Anwendungsfällen von Systemen der Echtzeit-Transparenz wird im Anschluss gezeigt, wie ein vermeintlich prototypisches Kontrollszenario zu reinterpretieren ist: Hinter dem Einsatz digitaler Systeme stehen vor allem prozessorientierte Rationalisierungsstrategien, die sich in den untersuchten Fällen mit einer Ausweitung der Anforderungen an Selbstorganisation und Eigenverantwortung koppeln. Für die Beschäftigten hat dies aber nicht weniger, sondern andere Formen der Belastung und Fremdbeherrschung zur Folge als in dem häufig skizzierten Kontrollregime eines digitalen Taylorismus.
Neue Ungleichheitsfragen, neue Cleavages? Ein internationaler Vergleich der Einstellungen in vier Ungleichheitsfeldern
Authors: Lux Thomas , Mau Steffen , Jacobi Aljoscha 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag fragt vor dem Hintergrund neuer gesellschaftlicher Konfliktthemen nach der sozialstrukturellen Fundierung von Ungleichheitseinstellungen. Es werden vier Ungleichheitsachsen in den Blick genommen: (1) Oben-Unten-Ungleichheiten, bei denen die ökonomische Ressourcenverteilung im Mittelpunkt steht, (2) Innen-Außen-Ungleichheiten, die sich auf territorialen Zugang, Migration und Mitgliedschaft beziehen, (3) Wir-Sie-Ungleichheiten, die die gesellschaftliche Anerkennung von Diversität umfassen, und (4) Heute-Morgen-Ungleichheiten, die sich auf Fragen der Generationengerechtigkeit und ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit richten. In jedem Bereich werden die Ausprägungen und Strukturierungen der sozialen Orientierungen aufgezeigt und in der Literatur gängige Erwartungen hierzu getestet. Zentral geht es um die Frage, ob die Einstellungsmuster in einer Weise mit sozialstrukturellen Differenzierungen einhergehen, dass man von Cleavages sprechen könnte. Auf der Basis des European Social Survey aus dem Jahr 2016 werden die Einstellungsstrukturen deskriptiv sowie faktoren- und regressionsanalytisch für eine ausgewählte Gruppe europäischer Länder (Schweden, Frankreich, Italien, Deutschland, Polen und Ungarn) untersucht. Der Kernbefund ist, dass sich, erstens, kein zweidimensionaler Einstellungsraum zeigt, bei dem die alten ökonomischen Ungleichheiten den neuen Ungleichheiten gegenüberstehen, und, zweitens, nur punktuell und nicht in allen untersuchten Ländern starke Cleavages zu finden sind. Diese zeigen sich am ehesten beim Migrationsthema.
Lifestyle management to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: evidence and challenges
Authors: van Trier T. J. , Mohammadnia N. , Snaterse M. , Peters R. J. G. , Jørstad H. T. , Bax W. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLifestyle management is the cornerstone of both primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and the importance of lifestyle management is emphasised by all major guidelines. Despite this, actual implementation of lifestyle management is poor. Lifestyle modification includes smoking cessation, weight loss, dietary change, increasing physical inactivity, and stress management. This review summarises evidence-based opportunities and challenges for healthcare professionals to promote healthy lifestyles at an individual level for the prevention of ASCVD.
AMCD: an accurate deep learning-based metallic corrosion detector for MAV-based real-time visual inspection
Authors: Yu Leijian , Yang Erfu , Luo Cai , Ren Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorrosion has been concerned as a serious safety issue for metallic facilities. Visual inspection carried out by an engineer is expensive, subjective and time-consuming. Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) equipped with detection algorithms have the potential to perform safer and much more efficient visual inspection tasks than engineers. Towards corrosion detection algorithms, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have enabled the power for high accuracy metallic corrosion detection. However, these detectors are restricted by MAVs on-board capabilities. In this study, based on You Only Look Once v3-tiny (Yolov3-tiny), an accurate deep learning-based metallic corrosion detector (AMCD) is proposed for MAVs on-board metallic corrosion detection. Specifically, a backbone with depthwise separable convolution (DSConv) layers is designed to realise efficient corrosion detection. The convolutional block attention module (CBAM), three-scale object detection and focal loss are incorporated to improve the detection accuracy. Moreover, the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module is improved to fuse local features for further improvement of detection accuracy. A field inspection image dataset labelled with four types of corrosions (the nubby corrosion, bar corrosion, exfoliation and fastener corrosion) is utilised for training and testing the AMCD. Test results show that the AMCD achieves 84.96% mean average precision (mAP), which outperforms other state-of-the-art detectors. Meanwhile, 20.18 frames per second (FPS) is achieved leveraging NVIDIA Jetson TX2, the most popular MAVs on-board computer, and the model size is only 6.1 MB.
Separation characteristics and structure optimization of double spherical tangent double-field coupling demulsifier
Authors: Gong Haifeng , Qiu Zhi , Peng Ye , Yu Bao , Liao Zhixiang , Chen Ling , Xin Luo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe demulsification and dewatering of the W/O emulsion are widely used in petrochemical industry, oilfield exploitation, and resource and environmental engineering. However, efficiently treating emulsion via traditional single methods. In this study, a new double-field coupling demulsification and dewatering device is proposed, where the conical structure of the device is double spherical tangential type. The numerical model for double-field coupling is established, especially, the population balance model (PBM) is used to simulate the coalescence and breakup of dispersed droplets under the double-field coupling action. And the effects of three conical structures on the internal flow and separation efficiency are analyzed. Results show that the conical structure has a significant effect on the coalescence of droplets, especially the double spherical tangential cone is more conducive for improving the coalescence ability of small droplets and improving the separation efficiency of the device. After optimization, the optimal R value of the double spherical tangential coupling device is 300 mm, and the separation efficiency can be up to 96.32%, which is 6.13% higher than the separation efficiency of the straight double-cone coupling device.
Subjektives Befinden und Arbeitsfähigkeit nach SARS-CoV-2-Immunisierung mit dem Vektor-Impfstoff ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca COVID-19–Vakzin)
Authors: Kalbhenn Johannes , Gabler Feline , Heinrich Sebastian , Steinmann Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit dem 29.01.2021 wurde der COVID-19-Impfstoff ChAdOx1‑S (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca) durch das Paul-Ehrlich-Institut in Deutschland zugelassen. In mehreren Kampagnen wurde MitarbeiterInnen des Gesundheitssystems und Medizinstudierenden die Impfung mit diesem Vakzin auf freiwilliger Basis angeboten.

Ziel der Arbeit
Primärer Endpunkt der Arbeit war die Erfassung der Rate und Dauer von Arbeitsunfähigkeits(AU)-Meldungen von Arbeitnehmern in Folge der Erstimmunisierung mit ChAdOx1‑S. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren Art und Ausprägung von Nebenwirkungen sowie die selbstempfundene Verträglichkeit.

Material und Methoden
Anonymisierter Online-Fragebogen, einmalig ausfüllbar durch alle Geimpften nach Erhalt der ersten Dosis von ChAdOx1‑S. Die Ausprägung von Nebenwirkungen wurde über eine ordinale numerische Rating-Skala mit Werten zwischen 0 und 10 abgefragt. Weitere wesentliche Datenpunkte waren Alter, Geschlecht und Berufsgruppe. Die Arbeitsfähigkeit in den Folgetagen der Injektion wurde ebenfalls durch Selbstangabe erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden Daten von 1988 Befragten ausgewertet. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 37,13 (13,73) Jahren (Standardabweichung). 69,8 % der Befragten waren weiblich, 48,1 % gehörten zu therapeutischen und technischen Berufsgruppen mit Patientenkontakt, 38 % waren Studierende, 10,6 % waren dem pflegerischen und 4 % dem ärztlichen Dienst zuzuordnen. Nur 14,4 % der Befragten gaben an, die Impfung ohne Nebenwirkungen vertragen zu haben. Häufigste Nebenwirkung war Müdigkeit, gefolgt von Schmerzen an der Injektionsstelle. In absteigender Häufigkeit folgten Kopfschmerzen, Gliederschmerzen und Schüttelfrost. Nach der Impfung fühlten sich 18 % der Befragten unmittelbar wieder arbeitsfähig. 51 % aller Befragten mussten sich nach der Impfung für mindestens einen Tag arbeitsunfähig melden. Nebenwirkungen waren bei männlichen und jüngeren Befragten stärker ausgeprägt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Impfung mit ChAdOx1‑S führte häufig zu Nebenwirkungen. Diese hatten bei 37 % der Befragten eine Krankmeldung zur Folge. Dennoch würden sich 89,6 % aller Befragten wieder für eine Impfung mit ChAdOx1‑S entscheiden.
Design and Experiment of a Deformable Bird-inspired UAV Perching Mechanism
Authors: Bai Long , Wang Hao , Chen Xiaohong , Zheng Jia , Xin Liming , Deng Yupeng , Sun Yuanxi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnergy consumption and acoustic noise can be significantly reduced through perching in the sustained flights of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). However, the existing flying perching robots lack good adaptability or loading capacity in unstructured environments. Aiming at solving these problems, a deformable UAV perching mechanism with strong adaptability and high loading capacity, which is inspired by the structure and movements of birds' feet, is presented in this paper. Three elastic toes, an inverted crank slider mechanism used to realize the opening and closing movements, and a gear mechanism used to deform between two configurations are included in this mechanism. With experiments on its performance towards different objects, Results show that it can perch on various objects reliably, and its payload is more than 15 times its weight. By integrating it with a quadcopter, it can perch on different types of targets in outdoor environments, such as tree branches, cables, eaves, and spherical lamps. In addition, the energy consumption of the UAV perching system when perching on objects can be reduced to 0.015 times that of hovering.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Thoracolumbar Vertebra Heterogeneity and Rib-Genesis in Pigs
Authors: Li Jianbo , Wang Ligang , Yu Dawei , Hao Junfeng , Zhang Longchao , Adeola Adeniyi C. , Mao Bingyu , Gao Yun , Wu Shifang , Zhu Chunling , Zhang Yongqing , Ren Jilong , Mu Changgai , Irwin David M. , Wang Lixian , Hai Tang , Xie Haibing , Zhang Yaping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDevelopment of thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates, although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV- and RP-related genes has been lacking. Here, we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development. Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA10 3′-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells, which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.
STROCSS 2021: Strengthening the reporting of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies in surgery
Authors: Mathew Ginimol , Agha Riaz , Albrecht Joerg , Goel Prabudh , Mukherjee Indraneil , Pai Prathamesh , D’Cruz Anil K. , Nixon Iain J. , Roberto Klappenbach , Enam Syed Ather , Basu Somprakas , Muensterer Oliver J. , Giordano Salvatore , Pagano Duilio , Machado-Aranda David , Bradley Patrick James , Bashashati Mohammad , Thoma Achilles , Afifi Raafat Y. , Johnston Maximilian , Challacombe Ben , Ngu James Chi-Yong , Chalkoo Mushtaq , Raveendran Kandiah , Hoffman Jerome R. , Kirshtein Boris , Lau Wan Yee , Thorat Mangesh A. , Miguel Diana , Beamish Andrew James , Roy Gaurav , Healy Donagh , Ather Hammad M , Raja Shahzad G. , Mei Zubing , Manning Todd G. , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Rivas Juan Gómez , Coppola Roberto , Ekser Burcin , Karanth Veena L. , Kadioglu Huseyin , Valmasoni Michele , Noureldin Ashraf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Strengthening The Reporting Of Cohort Studies in Surgery (STROCSS) guidelines were developed in 2017 in order to improve the reporting quality of observational studies in surgery and updated in 2019. In order to maintain relevance and continue upholding good reporting quality among observational studies in surgery, we aimed to update STROCSS 2019 guidelines.

Methods
A STROCSS 2021 steering group was formed to come up with proposals to update STROCSS 2019 guidelines. An expert panel of researchers assessed these proposals and judged whether they should become part of STROCSS 2021 guidelines or not, through a Delphi consensus exercise.

Results
42 people (89%) completed the DELPHI survey and hence participated in the development of STROCSS 2021 guidelines. All items received a score between 7 and 9 by greater than 70% of the participants, indicating a high level of agreement among the DELPHI group members with the proposed changes to all the items.

Conclusion
We present updated STROCSS 2021 guidelines to ensure ongoing good reporting quality among observational studies in surgery.

Highlights
Educational Programs and Sexual Counselling for Postmenopausal Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Santos Silva Inês Marques , Paula Pinto Mafalda , Gonçalves Diana 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundFemale sexual dysfunction has a high prevalence in women in the postmenopausal period. Not only factors like comorbidities and chronic illnesses are responsible for this high prevalence, but also psychological and interpersonal factors play a significant role. Sexual counselling educational programs have shown positive sexual behavioral changes and they should be considered the first line approach to female sexual dysfunction in this group of women.AimTo review the evidence of the efficacy of sexual counselling educational programs for sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women.MethodsA systematic search was performed in February 2021 from electronic databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Scopus), unpublished studies, ongoing clinical trials, conference abstracts and journal archives, dissertations and theses, gray literature and free search on the Google Scholar search engine. Studies that evaluate the effectiveness of sexual educational programs in postmenopausal women were selected. Study selection and data extraction were performed by 2 independent researchers. Extracted data included author identification, publication date, geographic location, study population and sample size, type of intervention, sexual function evaluation tool and outcome. Studies that evaluate sexual function by using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were included in the meta-analysis, calculating the mean difference.OutcomesImprovement of sexual function in postmenopausal women.ResultsWe included 8 studies in the systematic review, 6 randomized and 2 nonrandomized controlled trials, with a total sample size of 619 women, aged between 39 and 75 years old, all in menopause for less than 5 years. The studies described sexual education programs, with 4–10 sessions, 45–60 minutes each, including themes like sexual anatomy, physiological sexual response, menopause, methods of stimulation, and common sexual myths. Five studies also included cognitive-behavior therapy and 3 studies assessed mindfulness techniques. Six studies evaluated the effectiveness of sexual educational programs using FSFI. The results showed that sexual counselling educational programs had statistically significant effects on enhancing the total FSFI score (mean difference = +7.14, 95% confidence interval = 3.70–10.6, P &lt; .0001) in comparison to routine care. Results were also significant in all evaluated sex domains: pain, arousal, lubrication, desire, orgasm and satisfaction (P &lt; .05).ConclusionOur meta-analysis shows that sexual counselling educational programs are effective in improving sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women when compared to routine care. These are simple approaches, easily administered with minimal resources that help prevent the psychological and social consequences of sexual dysfunction at this age.
Lycopene supplementation of maternal and weanling high-fat diets influences adipose tissue development and metabolic outcomes of Sprague-Dawley offspring
Authors: Senkus Katelyn E. , Zhang Yanqi , Wang Hui , Tan Libo , Crowe-White Kristi M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDietary patterns high in fat contribute to the onset of cardiometabolic disease through the accrual of adipose tissue (AT). Lycopene, a carotenoid shown to exert multiple health benefits, may disrupt these metabolic perturbations. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate AT development and obesity-associated metabolic outcomes in the neonate and weanling offspring of Sprague-Dawley mothers fed a high-fat diet (HFD = 50 % fat) with and without lycopene supplementation. Sprague-Dawley rats consumed either a normal fat diet (NFD; 25 % fat) or HFD throughout gestation. Upon delivery, half of HFD mothers were transitioned to an HFD supplemented with 1 % lycopene (HFDL). At postnatal day 14 (P14), P25, and P35, pups were euthanised, body weight was recorded, and visceral white AT (WAT) and brown AT (BAT) mass were determined. Serum redox status, adipokines, glucose and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated, as well as BAT mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The HFD was effective in inducing weight gain as evident by significantly greater BW and WAT in the HFD group compared to the NFD group across all time points. Compared to HFD, the HFDL group exhibited significantly greater BAT with concomitant reductions in WAT mass, serum lipid peroxides and serum glucose. No significant differences were observed in serum adipokines, inflammatory markers or UCP1 expression despite the aforementioned alterations in AT development. Results suggest that dietary lycopene supplementation may influence metabolic outcomes during the weaning and post-weaning periods. Additional research is warranted to elucidate molecular mechanisms by which lycopene influences AT biology.
Testing the Skill of a Species Distribution Model Using a 21st Century Virtual Ecosystem
Authors: Bardon L. R. , Ward B. A. , Dutkiewicz S. , Cael B. B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlankton communities play an important role in marine food webs, in biogeochemical cycling, and in Earth's climate; yet observations are sparse, and predictions of how they might respond to climate change vary. Correlative species distribution models (SDM's) have been applied to predicting biogeography based on relationships to observed environmental variables. To investigate sources of uncertainty, we use a correlative SDM to predict the plankton biogeography of a 21st century marine ecosystem model (Darwin). Darwin output is sampled to mimic historical ocean observations, and the SDM is trained using generalized additive models. We find that predictive skill varies across test cases, and between functional groups, with errors that are more attributable to spatiotemporal sampling bias than sample size. End‐of‐century predictions are poor, limited by changes in target‐predictor relationships over time. Our findings illustrate the fundamental challenges faced by empirical models in using limited observational data to predict complex, dynamic systems.
Enhanced Eastern Pacific ENSO‐Tropical North Atlantic Connection Under Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Ziguang , Lin Xiaopei , Yang Jun‐Chao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSea surface temperature variability in the tropical North Atlantic has far‐reaching climate impacts, especially in causing weather extremes in the Atlantic Ocean‐rim countries. El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can drive the tropical North Atlantic warming/cooling via the trans‐basin atmospheric bridge mechanism, yet how this interbasin connection will respond to greenhouse warming is unclear. Here, we find an enhanced eastern Pacific ENSO‐tropical North Atlantic connection under greenhouse warming using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) multimodel projections. This enhanced connection is attributed to the strengthened Pacific‐to‐Atlantic atmospheric bridge mechanism due to a faster warming in the tropical eastern Pacific than tropical Atlantic under greenhouse warming. Thus, ENSO‐induced anomalous tropical North Atlantic warming/cooling and its related weather extremes are expected to increase in the future.
A Novel Spatial Downscaling Approach for Climate Change Assessment in Regions With Sparse Ground Data Networks
Authors: Kim Yong‐Tak , Kwon Hyun‐Han , Lima Carlos , Sharma Ashish 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a novel approach that expands the existing QDM (quantile delta mapping) to address spatial bias, using Kriging within a Bayesian framework to assess the impact of using a point reference field. Our focus here is to spatially downscale daily rainfall sequences simulated by regional climate models (RCMs), coupled to the proposed QDM‐spatial bias‐correction, in which the distribution parameters are first interpolated onto a fine grid (rather than the observed daily rainfall). The proposed model is validated through a cross‐validatory (CV) evaluation using rainfall data from a set of weather stations in South Korea and climate change scenarios simulated by three alternate RCMs. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model to simulate the bias‐corrected daily rainfall sequences over large regions at fine resolutions. A discussion of the potential use of the proposed approach in the field of hydrometeorology is also offered.