bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in toddlers’ negative attributions to challenges: Associations with maternal emotion coaching and emotional awareness
Authors: Perkins Haiden A. , Brophy‐Herb Holly E. , Hyunjin‐Choi Hailey , Williams Jessica , Dalimonte‐Merckling Danielle , Mitchell Koi , Vallotton Claire D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChildren's attributions during challenge have roots in toddlerhood with the onset of self‐evaluative emotions and may reflect sex differences in early socialization practices. This study examined toddler sex as moderating associations between mothers’ (n = 104, 73.1% White, 75% with a college degree or more) characteristics (low emotional awareness, emotion coaching beliefs) and toddlers’ (Mage = 26.4 mos.; 51 girls) self‐evaluative negative attributions of difficulty during a challenging lab task. Negative attributions reflected self‐directed comments such as “I can't do it.” Girls made more negative self‐attributions in the context of mothers’ lower emotional awareness whereas boys made more negative self‐attributions in the context of mothers’ greater emotion coaching (medium effects). Results demonstrate early sex differences in toddlers’ negative self‐attributions to challenge.
Weed seed mass affects seedling establishment and resource allocation patterns across a cereal rye surface residue gradient
Authors: Ficks Teala S. , Lowry Carolyn J. , Wallace John M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractKnowledge of weed population‐ and community‐level responses to the integration of cover crop surface residues (CCSRs) is vital to understanding their value when integrated into no‐till field crop production systems. Ecological theory suggests that weed seedling survival and resource allocation patterns during the establishment phase should be influenced by the interaction between seed mass and CCSR levels. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate seedling establishment rates and resource allocation patterns in response to increasing CCSR levels across a seed mass gradient, including weed and crop species. The experiment utilised a two‐factor treatment structure, including 10 plant species that varied in seed mass by three orders of magnitude and four cereal rye mulch levels (0, 3360, 6720 and 10,080 kg ha−1). Our results support the hypothesis that the effect of CCSRs on seedling establishment rates is a function of seed mass. Analysis by species showed a decrease in seedling establishment rates of dicotyledon species across all CCSR levels, but this relationship varied among monocotyledon species. CCSR levels were positively correlated with resource allocation to the hypocotyl and specific hypocotyl length of dicotyledon species. Increasing CCSR levels decreased allocation of resources to roots in broadleaved species but did not affect resource allocation patterns in monocotyledon species. We conclude that the combined effects of CCSRs on seedling establishment rates and resource allocation could significantly influence weed population‐ and community‐level dynamics.
Temperature Profiles During Cryolipolysis
Authors: McClintock Dillon H. , Wright Neil T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCryolipolysis (CLL) is a noninvasive clinical procedure for local reduction of adipose tissue. Paddles as cold as −10 °C are pressed against the skin to cool the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to ∼10 °C, crystalize the stored triglycerides, and trigger apoptosis in the adipocytes. Occasional adverse effects occur following CLL. There is some uncertainty in the temperature profile during the procedure. Here, a Green's function solution of the one-dimensional (1D) Pennes equation is used to examine how uncertainties in thermal diffusivity and blood perfusion may change the temperature profile during CLL. Improved description of the temperature profile might aid in understanding the mechanisms leading to these adverse effects. The plausible range of values of blood perfusion adds significant uncertainty to the temperature profile during treatment.
Perceiving Roughness via a Rigid Probe: Effects of Exploration Speed
Authors: Klatzky R. L. , Lederman S. J. , Hamilton C. , Ramsay G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the psychophysical consequences for roughness perception of altering the speed with which textured surfaces are explored using a rigid probe. Two ranges of probe speed are used: a 4-fold change (Experiment 1) and a 10-fold change (Experiment 2). The data are examined in terms of the effects of speed upon the psychophysical roughness functions (i.e., perceived roughness as a function of interelement spacing). In addition, we perform a global comparison of the relative magnitude of haptic speed effects across current and previous experiments, using a new measure that we derive here. We discover that roughness constancy declines as the range of speed is reduced, sometimes quite substantially so. The results are considered as well in terms of their implications for producing and exploring simulated textures with haptic interfaces for teleoperation and virtual-environment systems.
While we most often touch objects directly with our bare hands, we also frequently use intermediary links such as tools to bring about such interactions. In this paper, we report the results of two psychophysical experiments that extend our recent work (Klatzky & Lederman, 1999; Lederman & Klatzky, 1999) on how people perceive surface roughness via rigid probes. The current experiments investigate the effects of probe speed on roughness perception under active exploration. A more comprehensive paper, which also includes comparable results for passive touch (the surfaces are moved across a stationary probe), has been submitted1. In addition to their contribution to psychophysical issues pertaining to the sense of touch, the results are also relevant to the preparation and exploration of synthetic texture information by means of haptic interfaces for teleoperator and virtual-environment systems.
Frame Mapping and Motion Constraint Effects on Task Performance in Robotic Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Lai Fuji , Howe Robert D. , Millman Paul A. , Sur Sudipto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the implementation and evaluation of a minimally invasive surgical system whereby a surgeon can maintain as natural a spatio-motor mapping as possible using a 4 DOF constrained slave robot. One way to achieve this interface is to interpose a robotic system between surgeon and patient which will act as a translator between the 6 degree-of-freedom open surgery-like motions of the surgeon and corresponding endoscopic motions within the patient. Our goal was to find the interface that was easiest to learn. We investigated the effects of different master-slave mappings (screen-mapped versus instrument-mapped) and master dexterities (6DOF versus 4 DOF) by means of performance measures noted on simple surgical tasks. This interface has been found to allow motions very similar to those used in natural prehension and open surgery. The particular combination of instrument-based master-slave mapping and 4DOF master has been found to be especially advantageous.
Passivity-Based Nonlinear Control Strategies for Strict Feedback Form Systems
Authors: Alleyne Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a tracking algorithm for the control of nonlinear dynamic systems represented in Strict Feedback Form. The construction of the stabilizing algorithm is given using Passivity-based arguments which result in a Passivity-Based Controller (PBC). Also shown are simulations demonstrating the performance of the suggested approach. This paper also shows a direct comparison with the most popular control strategy for Strict Feedback Form Systems: Integrator Backstepping. It is shown that although Integrator Backstepping has several advantages, most notably flexibility in designing output feedback and adaptive approaches, there do exist important situations that favor the PBC. When the model structure is poorly known, the PBC contains diagnostic effects allowing it to systematically pinpoint parts of the model containing inaccuracies. Moreover, the PBC can be simpler to implement than the Backstepping algorithms in the non-adaptive, state feedback case.
Inclusion Probing: Signal Detection and Haptic Playback of 2D FEM and Experimental Data
Authors: Yan Joseph , Scott Paul K. , Fearing Ronald S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The task of probing a medium for an inclusion is cast as a signal detection problem. A sufficient statistic is developed for determining the existence and location of an inclusion. The analysis shows the human limitations of palpation when using a probe and the limitations imposed by a haptic display either when emulating such an environment or when relaying related information in a teleoperated system. Force calculations using FEM models were compared to data measured from constructed gels. Psychophysics experiments demonstrated promising results for the playback of the FEM data.
A Tactile Display Using Ultrasonic Elastic Waves in a Metal Tapered Membrane
Authors: Nara Takaaki , Maeda Taro , Yanagida Yasuyuki , Tachi Susumu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study is the development of a tactile display which can control a spatial pattern of friction on a metal surface by using ultrasonic elastic waves in a tapered membrane (a membrane whose width decreases gradually). It is reported that, a surface of a vibrating object with ultrasonic frequency feels smooth by air lubrication called squeeze effect. In this paper, we show two properties of elastic waves in the tapered membrane. First, waves can be localized on the surface. Second, the localized vibrating area can be freely controlled (enlarged or reduced) by changing the frequency of the wave. Therefore, by generating ultrasonic elastic waves in the metal tapered membrane, we can construct a tactile display, where the localized smooth area can be moved on the metal surface. In an experimental display employing a brass-tapered membrane vibrated by a Langevin-type ultrasonic vibrator, validity of our method is confirmed.
Safe, Smooth, and Versatile Haptic Device With Large Workspace and Torque
Authors: Matsuoka Yoky , Miller Larry C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate a general-purpose large-workspace machine that is inherently safe and smooth. The design is targeted to allow natural whole body movements without any potential for machine induced injury. The device can be used for various applications including training athletes, rehabilitating elderly people, and large product prototyping.
A Unified Approach to Driver Assistance Systems Based on Artificial Potential Fields
Authors: Gerdes J. Christian , Rossetter Eric J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an approach to vehicle control based upon the paradigm of artificial potential fields. Using this method, the dynamics of the vehicle are coupled with the environment in a manner that ensures that the system exhibits safe motion in the absence of driver inputs. The driver remains in control of the vehicle, however, with the control systems presenting a predictable and safe set of dynamics. With the control approach presented here, integration of various assistance systems can be easily achieved through simple superposition of individual potential and damping functions. A simple example of a combined lanekeeping and stability system demonstrates how this can be accomplished. Preliminary simulation results suggest that both safety and driveability are achievable with such a system, prompting further investigation.
Feedback Linearizing Control of All Wheel Steered Articulated Vehicles
Authors: de Bruin D. , van den Bosch P. P. J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the design of an input-output linearising controller for lateral guidance of a double articulated bus with all wheel steering. Contrary to the majority of nonlinear controllers for articulated vehicles, this controller is based on a dynamic vehicle model, which is assumed to be nessecary at high velocities. Simulations under varying load conditions and for different scenarios illustrate good performance of the controller, even for large disurbances and parameter uncertainty.
Characterization of Positioning Repeatability for Systems With Variable Friction
Authors: Gilbert Douglas R. , McLain Timothy W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Friction poses a significant challenge in precise position control. A limiting factor has been the stochastic behavior of friction and the uncertainty that it imposes on the position control problem. This paper quantifies a bound for positioning repeatability for a position control system having impulsive inputs in the presence of variable friction. The repeatability bound is defined as the smallest position error for which the probability of reducing that error is equal to fifty percent. This is the smallest error that can be repeatably reduced. A method for finding that bound is described. A nondimensional form of a servo positioning system’s state equations is used to solve for the repeatability bound in general and give insight into some design tradeoffs for servo positioning system design. Hardware experiments validate the analysis method and the existence of a repeatability bound due to frictional variation.
3D Position Sensing Using the Differences in the Time-of-Flights From a Wave Source to Various Receivers — A Conceptual Model
Authors: Mahajan Ajay , Walworth Maurice 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel formulation for the conceptual model for the estimation of the coordinates of a wave source based on the differences in the time-of-flights (TOFs) to various receivers fixed in 3D space. 3D position sensing using wave sources is typically done by triangulating the position of the wave source using the actual TOFs to the various receivers. There are two problems with such a formulation. The first one deals with synchronizing the wave bursts from the transmitter so as to measure the TOFs to the receivers. Further, this measured TOF incorporates delays that have to be subtracted from the measured TOFs to obtain the actual TOFs. Identification of this time delay term is the second problem. The formulation presented in this paper takes the differences in the TOFs to the various receivers, which circumvents both the problems. Typical applications that will benefit from this technology are 3D position sensing systems that may be used in robotics, navigation of autonomously guided vehicles, tracking of objects for virtual reality cells, and vibration analysis.
Adaptive Control of Flexible-Link Robots Based on a V-Shape Lyapunov Function
Authors: Lee Ho-Hoon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a new model-based control for flexible-link robots based on Lyapunov stability theorem, where a V-shape Lyapunov function is introduced for the flexible robot dynamics that do not satisfy the so-called matching condition. First, a new model-based nonlinear control is proposed based on a V-shape Lyapunov function, where the global exponential stability of the control is obtained. The model-based control is then extended to a model-based adaptive control to cope with parametric uncertainties in the dynamics, where the global asymptotic stability of the control is attained. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been shown by computer simulation.
Reduced Order Finite Element Modeling of Thermally Induced Bearing Loads in Machine Tool Spindles
Authors: Gibson Alex O. , Stein Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Machine tool spindle bearings are subjected to a large range of axial and radial loads due to the machining process. Further the rotating spindle must be extremely stiff to minimize the cutting tool’s deflection. The high spindle stiffness is achieved by applying a mechanical load to the bearings, the preload. In fixed preload spindles the bearing loads tend to increase with increasing spindle speed due to thermal expansion and it is well established that these thermally induced loads can lead to premature bearing failure. A model of thermally induced bearing load in angular contact bearing spindles is developed that includes an axis-symmetric reduced order finite element model of the heat transfer and thermal expansion within the spindle’s housing and shaft and the bearing and shaft dynamics. Nodal reduction is used in the reduced order model to minimize the number of temperature states and the computational load. The reduced order model’s calculated temperature and bearing load values are shown to closely match experimentally measured values over a wide range of spindle speeds. The paper ends with a parameter variation study which predicts a dramatic decrease in the thermally induced bearing load when silicon nitride balls are substituted for steel balls.
Chatter Suppression in Milling: An Active Approach
Authors: Browning Douglas R. , Golioto Igor , Thompson Norman B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A new approach to chatter control in milling is presented in this paper. The proof-of-concept control system comprises a tool holder, analog and digital control electronics, and power amplifiers to drive the actuator elements. The active tool holder, designed to impart counter-vibration forces to the milling tool, mounts to existing machines with a standard industrial interface. Sensors and piezoelectric actuators are imbedded in the stationary portion of the tool holder and are therefore fixed relative to the body of the milling machine. The controller operates on the two sensor signals, producing two orthogonal actuator drive signals to oppose resonant tool vibrations induced from the cutting forces. The paper first introduces the fundamental concepts of milling chatter and their relation to the described active system. The actuation, sensing and controller details follow. The influence of the tool holder on system dynamics and cutting stability is also addressed. Cutting test results using a titanium alloy are then described, demonstrating an improvement of a factor of five in surface finish relative to the uncontrolled, chatter-dominated case.
Buckling and Postbuckling of Sandwich Beams With Delaminated Faces Based on Higher Order Core Theory
Authors: Li R. F. , Frostig Y. , Kardomateas G. A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Delaminations within the face sheets are often observed when a sandwich structure is exposed to impact loads. The buckling and postbuckling behavior of sandwich beams with delaminated faces is investigated in this work. The governing nonlinear equations, boundary conditions, and continuity conditions are formulated through variational principles. The beam construction consists of upper and lower, metallic or composite laminated symmetric skins, and a soft core of a foam or low strength honeycomb type. A high order theory is used for the core that accounts for the nonlinear distortion of the plane of section of the core and the compressibility in the vertical direction. The delamination considered is an interface crack, in which the substrate includes the transversely flexible core. The case of a debond at one of the skin-core interfaces is also included. The effects of the delamination length and location on the overall and local behavior are examined with an arbitrary initial imperfection.
Determination of the Permeability Tensor of Fibrous Reinforcements for VARTM
Authors: Nedanov Pavel B. , Advani Suresh G. , Walsh Shawn W. , Ballata William O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
VARTM and SCRIMP composite manufacturing processes use a highly permeable media to distribute the resin through the thickness of the composite. Hence, manufacturing simulations of resin flow in such processes requires reliable data for in-plane as well as transverse permeability. The goal of this study is to propose a method for simultaneous determination of the principal values of 3D-permeability tensor of fibrous reinforcements. The permeability components are calculated from experimental data, consisting of flow front position with time during resin impregnation in three dimensions from a radial source under constant pressure using the SMARTweave [Walsh (1993), Fink et al.(1995)] sensor system. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulation.
A Numerical Approach to Predict the Mechanical Behaviour of Woven Fabric Composites
Authors: Riva Enrica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical tool for the design of the composites structures that allows to predict the mechanical behaviour of woven fabric composites, both in terms of global stiffness and damage process, and therefore to optimise the components dimensions and weight. Starting from an accurate study of the mesostructure of the material, finite element models are developed. To reduce the computational effort, a submodeling technique was used by employing two separate meshes: global and local meshes. Two idealised configurations are examined: they have a circular warp and fill yarn path and a lenticular cross-section. The mechanical response is estimated in terms of global stiffness and stress-strain curves of plain weave composites by simulating the damage process. The agreement between the FE global stiffness and experimental and analytical data is good. The FE results are very sensitive to the curvature of the yarns. Similar results were obtained for the FE stress-strain curves.
Optimal Design of Composite Plates Under Thermal Loads
Authors: Abrate Serge 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, the effect of thermal expansion on laminated composite plates are examined and the influence of the layup is studied using non-dimensional lamination parameters. A maximum of 12 parameters are needed to describe all possible laminates regardless of the number of plies. In some applications, the layup is selected to minimum thermal expansion in a certain direction. We show that thermal expansion cannot be prevented in all directions. Thermal deflections of symmetrically laminated plates that are continuous over many line supports are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The constitutive equations and the thermal loads are expressed in terms of four non-dimensional lamination parameters. Layups that minimize thermal deflections are determined for several types of composite plates subjected to temperature increases that vary linearly through the thickness.
Composite Materials in Defense: Overview and Outlook
Authors: Sloter Lewis E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Department of Defense maintains an annual investment of $7.4 billion in basic and applied research and advanced technology development. This investment is the foundation of future systems and operational capability and supports an annual $70 billion investment in the engineering development, testing, and acquisition of new systems. The Materials Science and Technology Program at $330 million per year forms a significant part of this investment. Currently, approximately $90 million within the Materials Program is invested in composite materials of all types. These investments are described in context of the overall Defense Science and Technology Program and with respect to the future Defense capabilities and materiel opportunities that are enabled by composite materials. Emphasis is placed on the changing nature of the Defense missions, the platforms required to meet those missions, and the role of composite materials in Defense platforms. Significant challenges posed by expected operations and acquisition needs are related to composite materials. The need for improved affordability in composite systems is discussed in terms of current projects and future challenges and outlook.