bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syndepositional processes in the pigmentation of oceanic red beds: evidence from the Basque–Cantabrian Basin (northern Spain)
Authors: Elorza Javier , Gómez-Alday Juan José , Jiménez Berrocoso Álvaro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOceanic red beds (ORBs) are present in Upper Cretaceous and Danian deep-marine deposits in the Basque–Cantabrian Basin of northern Spain. The presence and regularity of the succession of marl–limestone couplets is exceptional based on the macroscopic, microscopic and geochemical evidence collected. Five types of marl–limestone couplets are identified based on the colour, and a high maximum sedimentation rate (3.6 cm ka–1 ) is noted. The oxidizing activity of deep, cold-water masses is indicated by the oxygen isotope signal in the lower–upper Maastrichtian and Danian sections and the presence of the boreal inoceramidSpyridoceramus tegulatus.In theory, the variation in colour from grey to greenish-yellow, purple and pink up to red tones correlates with the Fe2+/(Fe2++Fe3+) ratio. It is interpreted as the possible palaeoenvironmental transit of particles that sediment out slowly in oxic environments when they circulate through cooler, oxidizing water masses. The colour is considered to be a depositional feature, and hematite, detected by X-ray diffraction, is the main staining agent, without discarding the possible redistribution of previous oxyhydroxides passing to hematite as a final product. The cell filling of the foraminifer shells does not incorporate appreciable amounts of Fe and Mg during diagenesis. Bacterial activity is detected using scanning electron microscopy images, both in the coccolith debris and in the detrital micas, although there is uncertainty as to its importance in the staining process.
Learning to deliver LGBT+ aged care: exploring and documenting best practices in professional and vocational education through the World Café method
Authors: Hafford-Letchfield Trish , Pezzella Alfonso , Connell Sandra , Urek Mojca , Jurček Anže , Higgins Agnes , Keogh Brian , Van de Vaart Nina , Rabelink Irma , Robotham George , Bus Elisa , Buitenkamp Charlotte , Lewis-Brooke Sarah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSubstantial evidence on the adverse impact of ageing on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT+) populations through the lack of inclusive care services has highlighted the need for education and training of the health and social care workforce to enhance their skills, knowledge and capabilities in this area. We describe a cross-national collaboration across four European Union countries called BEING ME. This collaboration examined the current pedagogic environment within professional, vocational and community-based education to identify what is most valuable for addressing these needs. The World Café method enabled a process of structured learning and knowledge exchange between stakeholders resulting in: (a) identification of best practices in pedagogies, (b) generation of tailored co-produced educational resources, and (c) recommendations on how to improve the knowledge and capabilities of future care professionals in the area of LGBT+ affirmative practices. Combined with themes from the post-Café evaluation, our findings suggest that underpinning professional and vocational education with a person-in-environment perspective facilitates going some way to acknowledging the historical context of older LGBT+ people's lives. Addressing the unique needs of sub-populations within LGBT+ communities and setting these in the context of holistic and person-centred care may better enable the meeting of their unique diverse needs for ageing. Recommendations are made for learning and teaching strategies to support improved LGBT+ aged care.
“And they had a big, big, very long fight:” The development of evaluative language in preschoolers' oral fictional stories told in a peer-group context
Authors: NICOLOPOULOU Ageliki , ILGAZ Hande , SHIRO Marta , HSIN Lisa B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examined the development of evaluative language in preschoolers’ oral fictional narratives using a storytelling/story-acting practice where children told stories to and for their friends. Evaluative language orients the audience to the teller's cognitive and emotional engagement with a story's events and characters, and we hypothesized that this STSA context might yield new information about the early development of this language, prior to elementary school. We analyzed 60 stories: the first and last story told by 10 children in each of three preschool classrooms (3-, 4-, and 5-year-old classes) that used STSA throughout the school year. Stories were coded for evaluative expressions and evidential expressions. Five-year-olds used significantly more evaluative language than did 3-year-olds, and children at all ages used significantly more evaluative language at the end than at the beginning of the year. The number of stories told throughout the year explained unique variance in children's evaluative language growth.
EMS Safety and Prehospital Emergency Care of Animals
Authors: Kryda Katharyn T. , Mitek Ashley , McMichael Maureen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel frequently encounter animals in situations ranging from injured law enforcement canines (LEK9s) to pets with smoke inhalation injury. In recent years, several US states have enacted laws that legally allow EMS personnel to provide basic emergency care to certain animals. Currently, nine states allow some type of emergency medical treatment and/or ambulance transport of animals by EMS, and five states limit liability for vehicle damage resulting from rescuing animals trapped inside. Despite this expanding body of legislation encouraging EMS to assist animals, EMS personnel are not typically trained in the safe handling or medical treatment of animals. Interaction with veterinary patients can pose serious injury and infectious disease risks to untrained EMS personnel. Furthermore, relationships with veterinarians must be built and treatment and transport protocols must be developed for EMS agencies to appropriately care for these animals. This report serves as an initial framework from the veterinary perspective for EMS consideration regarding current legislation, safety concerns, transport protocols, and common life-saving treatments in the prehospital emergency care of animals. Increased collaboration between EMS personnel and veterinary professionals provides an opportunity to develop quality training programs for EMS and to improve disaster preparedness of the whole community.
Efficacy of various prescribed vitamin D supplementation regimens on 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels in long-term care
Authors: Robbins Ronna N , Serra Monica , Ranjit Nalini , Hoelscher Deanna M , Sweitzer Sara J , Briley Margaret E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:The aims of this study were to examine the efficacy among various vitamin D supplementation regimens on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and determine the minimal dose rate required to achieve sufficient serum concentrations (≥75 nmol/l) among older adults in long-term care (LTC).Design:A 1-year medical history was abstracted from medical records, and a one-time blood draw to measure serum 25(OH)D concentrations was obtained. Individuals were stratified into vitamin D-supplemented and non-supplemented groups. The supplemented group was further categorised into four treatment forms: single-ingredient vitamin D2or3, multivitamin, Ca with vitamin D or combination of the three, and by daily prescribed doses: 0–9·9, 10–19·9, 20–49·9, 50–99·9 and >100 μg/d.Setting:Five LTC communities in Austin, Texas.Participants:One hundred seventy-three older (≥65 years) adults.Results:Of the participants, 62% received a vitamin D supplement and 55% had insufficient (≤75 nmol/l) 25(OH)D serum concentrations. Individuals receiving single-ingredient vitamin D2or3 supplementation received the highest daily vitamin D mean dose (72·5 μg/d), while combination of forms was the most frequent treatment (44%) with the highest mean serum concentration (108 nmol/l). All supplementation doses were successful at reaching sufficient serum concentrations, except those<20 μg/d. Using a prediction model, it was observed that 0·025 μg/d of vitamin D supplementation resulted in a 0·008 nmol/l increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations.Conclusions:Based on the predictive equation, results suggest that supplementation of 37·5 μg/d of vitamin D2or3 or combination of vitamin D is most likely to achieve sufficient serum 25(OH)D concentrations in older adults in LTC.
Trends in Diurnal Cycle of Summertime Rainfall Over Coastal South China in the Past 135 Years: Characteristics and Possible Causes
Authors: Su Lin , Fung Jimmy C. H. , Li Junlu , Wong Wai Kin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe interdecadal changes in the diurnal cycle of summertime rainfall over coastal South China (CSC) were analyzed for the period of 1884–2018. The results revealed that rainfall intensity has increased with the decrease of occurrence frequency during both pre‐ and mid‐summer in the past 135 years. During the most recent 40 years, occurrence frequency and intensity of nocturnal rainfall, especially extreme rainfall, have substantially increased over CSC, whereas those of daytime extreme rainfall have decreased. Different increasing rates of near‐surface temperature over land and sea are the main contributors to the distinct trends of daytime and nocturnal extreme rainfall. During daytime, a higher increasing rate of near‐surface temperature over sea results in a smaller temperature gradient along the coast, leading to a less convective atmosphere. This negates the effect of increased air‐temperature over CSC in both pre‐ and mid‐summer. In contrast, during nighttime, a higher increasing rate of near‐surface temperature over sea results in a greater temperature gradient along the coast, leading to stronger low‐level offshore winds and more convective layers over coastal waters. During pre‐summer, the stronger nocturnal low‐level offshore winds meets the warm and moist monsoonal flows, substantially enhancing nocturnal extreme rainfall along the coast. In mid‐summer, more vigorous upward motions over coastal waters of CSC enhance convective activities during nighttime, which also lead to an intensification of nocturnal rainfall. The most significant increase and intensification of extreme rainfall is observed in western CSC during pre‐summer, where the land‐sea difference of near‐surface temperature is the greatest over CSC.
Electrical Resistivity of FeS at High Pressures and Temperatures: Implications of Thermal Transport in the Core of Ganymede
Authors: Littleton Joshua A. H. , Secco Richard A. , Yong Wenjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTerrestrial‐type planetary cores are thought to be predominantly composed of Fe with varying amounts of lighter chemical species or impurities chosen from a narrow range of possible elements, which includes S. These impurity elements may contribute significant effects to the transport properties of these cores, which have direct influence over dynamo and thermal evolution of the planetary body. Recent experimental methods have partially eased the substantial challenges that arise in direct measurements of electrical transport properties at high pressures and temperatures. In this study we show how this methodology can be used to measure the electrical resistivity of a sample in powder form. The electrical resistivity of FeS was measured in both solid and molten states at pressures up to 5 GPa and the thermal conductivity was calculated using the Wiedemann–Franz Law from the electrical measurements. The results showed FeS is notably more electrically and thermally conductive when compared to previous studies in both the solid and molten states. The results were used to estimate the adiabatic conductive heat flow of a molten FeS core model of Ganymede, which showed that thermal convection is permissible as a dynamo power source.
Controls on Asymmetric Rift Dynamics: Numerical Modeling of Strain Localization and Fault Evolution in the Kenya Rift
Authors: Richter Maximilian J. E. A. , Brune Sascha , Riedl Simon , Glerum Anne , Neuharth Derek , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComplex, time‐dependent, and asymmetric rift geometries are observed throughout the East African Rift System (EARS) and are well documented, for instance, in the Kenya Rift. To unravel asymmetric rifting processes in this region, we conduct 2D geodynamic models. We use the finite element software ASPECT employing visco‐plastic rheologies, mesh‐refinement, distributed random noise seeding, and a free surface. In contrast to many previous numerical modeling studies that aimed at understanding final rifted margin symmetry, we explicitly focus on initial rifting stages to assess geodynamic controls on strain localization and fault evolution. We thereby link to geological and geophysical observations from the Southern and Central Kenya Rift. Our models suggest a three‐stage early rift evolution that dynamically bridges previously inferred fault‐configuration phases of the eastern EARS branch: (1) accommodation of initial strain localization by a single border fault and flexure of the hanging‐wall crust, (2) faulting in the hanging‐wall and increasing upper‐crustal faulting in the rift‐basin center, and (3) loss of pronounced early stage asymmetry prior to basinward localization of deformation. This evolution may provide a template for understanding early extensional faulting in other branches of the East African Rift and in asymmetric rifts worldwide. By modifying the initial random noise distribution that approximates small‐scale tectonic inheritance, we show that a spectrum of first‐order fault configurations with variable symmetry can be produced in models with an otherwise identical setup. This approach sheds new light on along‐strike rift variability controls in active asymmetric rifts and proximal rifted margins.
Transforming growth factor-β1-induced N-cadherin drives cell–cell communication through connexin43 in osteoblast lineage
Authors: Yang Yueyi , Liu Wenjing , Wei JieYa , Cui Yujia , Zhang Demao , Xie Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGap junction (GJ) has been indicated to have an intimate correlation with adhesion junction. However, the direct interaction between them partially remains elusive. In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the role of N-cadherin, one of the core components in adhesion junction, in mediating connexin 43, one of the functional constituents in gap junction, via transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) induction in osteoblasts. We first elucidated the expressions of N-cadherin induced by TGF-β1 and also confirmed the upregulation of Cx43, and the enhancement of functional gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) triggered by TGF-β1 in both primary osteoblasts and MC3T3 cell line. Colocalization analysis and Co-IP experimentation showed that N-cadherin interacts with Cx43 at the site of cell–cell contact. Knockdown of N-cadherin by siRNA interference decreased the Cx43 expression and abolished the promoting effect of TGF-β1 on Cx43. Functional GJICs in living primary osteoblasts and MC3T3 cell line were also reduced. TGF-β1-induced increase in N-cadherin and Cx43 was via Smad3 activation, whereas knockdown of Smad3 signaling by using siRNA decreased the expressions of both N-cadherin and Cx43. Overall, these data indicate the direct interactions between N-cadherin and Cx43, and reveal the intervention of adhesion junction in functional gap junction in living osteoblasts.
Characterization of respiratory microbial dysbiosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zhong Huanzi , Wang Yanqun , Shi Zhun , Zhang Lu , Ren Huahui , He Weiqun , Zhang Zhaoyong , Zhu Airu , Zhao Jingxian , Xiao Fei , Yang Fangming , Liang Tianzhu , Ye Feng , Zhong Bei , Ruan Shicong , Gan Mian , Zhu Jiahui , Li Fang , Li Fuqiang , Wang Daxi , Li Jiandong , Ren Peidi , Zhu Shida , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Kristiansen Karsten , Tun Hein Min , Chen Weijun , Zhong Nanshan , Xu Xun , Li Yi-min , Li Junhua , Zhao Jincun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the microbial composition of the respiratory tract and other infected tissues as well as their possible pathogenic contributions to varying degrees of disease severity in COVID-19 patients remain unclear. Between 27 January and 26 February 2020, serial clinical specimens (sputum, nasal and throat swab, anal swab and feces) were collected from a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, including 8 mildly and 15 severely ill patients in Guangdong province, China. Total RNA was extracted and ultra-deep metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed in combination with laboratory diagnostic assays. We identified distinct signatures of microbial dysbiosis among severely ill COVID-19 patients on broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy. Co-detection of other human respiratory viruses (including human alphaherpesvirus 1, rhinovirus B, and human orthopneumovirus) was demonstrated in 30.8% (4/13) of the severely ill patients, but not in any of the mildly affected patients. Notably, the predominant respiratory microbial taxa of severely ill patients were Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Mycoplasma spp. (including M. hominis and M. orale). The presence of the former two bacterial taxa was also confirmed by clinical cultures of respiratory specimens (expectorated sputum or nasal secretions) in 23.1% (3/13) of the severe cases. Finally, a time-dependent, secondary infection of B. cenocepacia with expressions of multiple virulence genes was demonstrated in one severely ill patient, which might accelerate his disease deterioration and death occurring one month after ICU admission. Our findings point to SARS-CoV-2-related microbial dysbiosis and various antibiotic-resistant respiratory microbes/pathogens in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in relation to disease severity. Detection and tracking strategies are needed to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance, improve the treatment regimen and clinical outcomes of hospitalized, severely ill COVID-19 patients.
IFN-λ4 is associated with increased risk and earlier occurrence of several common infections in African children
Authors: Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila , Morrison Robert D. , Obajemu Adeola , Mahamar Almahamoudou , Kim Sungduk , Attaher Oumar , Florez-Vargas Oscar , Sidibe Youssoufa , Onabajo Olusegun O. , Hutchinson Amy A. , Manning Michelle , Kwan Jennifer , Brand Nathan , Dicko Alassane , Fried Michal , Albert Paul S. , Mbulaiteye Sam M. , Duffy Patrick E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms within the IFNL3/IFNL4 genomic region, which encodes type III interferons, have been strongly associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus. We hypothesized that type III interferons might be important for the immune response to other pathogens as well. In a cohort of 914 Malian children, we genotyped functional variants IFNL4-rs368234815, IFNL4-rs117648444, and IFNL3-rs4803217 and analyzed episodes of malaria, gastrointestinal, and respiratory infections recorded at 30,626 clinic visits from birth up to 5 years of age. Compared to children with the rs368234815-TT/TT genotype (IFN-λ4-Null), rs368234815-dG allele was most strongly associated with an earlier time-to-first episode of gastrointestinal infections (p = 0.003). The risk of experiencing an infection episode during the follow-up was also significantly increased with rs368234815-dG allele, with OR = 1.53, 95%CI (1.13–2.07), p = 0.005 for gastrointestinal infections and OR = 1.30, 95%CI (1.02–1.65), p = 0.033 for malaria. All the associations for the moderately linked rs4803217 (r2 = 0.78 in this set) were weaker and lost significance after adjusting for rs368234815. We also analyzed all outcomes in relation to IFN-λ4-P70S groups. Our results implicate IFN-λ4 and not IFN-λ3 as the primary functional cause of genetic associations with increased overall risk and younger age at first clinical episodes but not with recurrence or intensity of several common pediatric infections.
Identifying therapeutic drug targets using bidirectional effect genes
Authors: Estrada Karol , Froelich Steven , Wuster Arthur , Bauer Christopher R. , Sterling Teague , Clark Wyatt T. , Ru Yuanbin , Trinidad Marena , Nguyen Hong Phuc , Luu Amanda R. , Wendt Daniel J. , Yogalingam Gouri , Yu Guoying Karen , LeBowitz Jonathan H. , Cardon Lon R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrioritizing genes for translation to therapeutics for common diseases has been challenging. Here, we propose an approach to identify drug targets with high probability of success by focusing on genes with both gain of function (GoF) and loss of function (LoF) mutations associated with opposing effects on phenotype (Bidirectional Effect Selected Targets, BEST). We find 98 BEST genes for a variety of indications. Drugs targeting those genes are 3.8-fold more likely to be approved than non-BEST genes. We focus on five genes (IGF1R, NPPC, NPR2, FGFR3, and SHOX) with evidence for bidirectional effects on stature. Rare protein-altering variants in those genes result in significantly increased risk for idiopathic short stature (ISS) (OR = 2.75, p = 3.99 × 10−8). Finally, using functional experiments, we demonstrate that adding an exogenous CNP analog (encoded by NPPC) rescues the phenotype, thus validating its potential as a therapeutic treatment for ISS. Our results show the value of looking for bidirectional effects to identify and validate drug targets.
Fermi surface in La-based cuprate superconductors from Compton scattering imaging
Authors: Yamase Hiroyuki , Sakurai Yoshiharu , Fujita Masaki , Wakimoto Shuichi , Yamada Kazuyoshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompton scattering provides invaluable information on the underlying Fermi surface (FS) and is a powerful tool complementary to angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and quantum oscillation measurements. Here we perform high-resolution Compton scattering measurements for La2−xSrxCuO4 with x = 0.08 (Tc = 20 K) at 300 K and 150 K, and image the momentum distribution function in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone. We find that the observed images cannot be reconciled with the conventional hole-like FS believed so far. Instead, our data imply that the FS is strongly deformed by the underlying nematicity in each CuO2 plane, but the bulk FSs recover the fourfold symmetry. We also find an unusually strong temperature dependence of the momentum distribution function, which may originate from the pseudogap formation in the presence of the reconstructed FSs due to the underlying nematicity. Additional measurements for x = 0.15 and 0.30 at 300 K suggest similar FS deformation with weaker nematicity, which nearly vanishes at x = 0.30.