bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “space” of one’s own: identity and conflict in two Milan districts
Authors: Stefanizzi Sonia , Verdolini Valeria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe article is based on a qualitative data collection on the city of Milan, paradigmatic city as a neoliberal city, at the centre of recent urban, economic and social transformations. In particular, the essay compares the urban space s of two districts of the city, reflecting on spatial categories, recent transformations, forced cohabitations in interclosed and in-between spaces. Drawing on the classics of sociological literature, and on the most recent theoretical proposals of urban g eography studies, the essay attempts to define how and on the basis of which factors urban conflict in the global metropolis has changed.
Experts in the crowd and their influence on herding in reward-based crowdfunding of cultural projects
Authors: Petit Aurélien , Wirtz Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present research investigates certification effects and rational herding in reward-based crowdfunding (RBCF) campaigns of cultural projects. Culture is a domain where expert opinion traditionally plays an important role. Consequently, to test the role of experts in collective behaviour and outcomes of crowdfunding campaigns, RBCF of cultural projects is a particularly relevant field. The authors analyse data obtained from France’s leading RBCF platform, Ulule, and show that the contributing crowd is heterogeneous, both in terms of expertise and willingness to follow information cascades. Testing the impact of different backer categories on (1) campaign success, (2) composition of the crowd and (3) overall day-by-day funding dynamics, the study provides evidence of the existence of both a certification effect at the very beginning of a funding campaign, and dynamic herding later all along the campaign. Contributions from expert backers, whether specialized in the same creative industry as a given project or not, trigger additional contributions and improve the success probability of a funding campaign. Senior experts follow other senior experts, which supports normative social influence and, when specialized, they follow other specialized senior experts, which highlights taste-based homophily. We also show that junior experts, i.e. future serial backers, follow senior experts, particularly when specialized, which supports informational social influence. Experts hence lead the crowd in their decision to contribute to cultural projects, and those who follow them are mostly senior experts themselves and apprentice experts, not one-time contributors, which suggests the existence of community logic and rational information cascades in RBCF.
Depth estimation problems in microgravity survey
Authors: Porzucek Slawomir , Loj Monika 
Published: February 2021

AbstractQualitative interpretation is one of the most important missions in geophysical methods, particularly the determination of the shape and depth of disturbing bodies. The characteristics of the gravity field make it difficult to unequivocally determine both of these parameters; therefore, the problem is solved by reducing the shape of the body by means of simple solid figures and on this basis an attempt to estimate their depth. This paper presents an analysis of depth estimation in microgravity surveys. The useful signal-to-error ratio in this survey causes an additional factor influencing the quality of the estimated depths. Werner deconvolution and Extended Euler deconvolution, as the most frequently applied methods, were used to resolving the problem. Based on the Werner method, a processing methodology was developed that minimizes the impact of the error on the calculation results. An algorithm was also created that allows obtaining a depth solution in this method. The results of the Werner method were compared with the results of the Extended Euler method. Tests have shown that despite the relatively high error to amplitude ratio of the anomaly, satisfactory results can be obtained with the appropriate methodology.
Reconstructing Religious Attendance in European Communist Countries
Authors: Minarik Pavol 
Published: February 2021

Background The research on religion under communism suffers from a lack of quantitative data on religious attendance to complement the existing information about government policies and anecdotal data about the operation of religious organizations under communism. The available data are scarce and often unreliable. Purpose This paper presents a method for reconstructing data on past religious attendance and presents a dataset that contains an estimate of religious attendance rates in seven European communist countries covering the period between the 1930s and the 1990s. Such data are needed to corroborate and complement the sources currently available. Methods The reconstruction is based on retrospective questions in surveys conducted in the post-communist period, particularly the ISSP. The paper also verifies the internal consistency of the reconstructed attendance rates using different characteristics of survey respondents to predict their reported attendance. Further, it verifies external consistency against post-communist surveys (ISSP, EVS) and the data available from the communist period. Results The dataset support existing literature and provide some new information about religiosity under communist rule. The reconstructed attendance rates appear internally consistent, and the responses regarding past religious attendance do not seem to be driven primarily by the respondents’ present characteristics. The estimated past attendance rates are also consistent with other sources. Conclusions and Implications The dataset provides additional data that allow an evaluation of the level and change of religious attendance, the effectiveness of communist anti-religious campaigns and secularization trends in the communist countries. Such data were not available before that were estimated in a consistent way across different countries and time periods. The method can also be used in other settings.
Identification of novel thiadiazin derivatives as potentially selective inhibitors towards trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi by molecular docking using the numerical index poses ratio Pr and the binding mode analysis
Authors: Coro-Bermello Julieta , López-Rodríguez Ernesto R. , Alfonso-Ramos Javier E. , Alonso Dayana , Ojeda-Carralero Gerardo M. , Prado Gustavo A. , Moreno-Castillo Elena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chagas disease is a serious health problem in Central and South America for which effective treatment is not currently available. This illness is caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, a species that relies on a thiol-based metabolism to regulate oxidative stress. Trypanothione reductase enzyme plays a central role in the metabolic pathway of the parasite. In this work, a virtual screening of a library of novel thiadiazine derivatives against trypanothione reductase using molecular docking was performed. Four different series of hybrid ligands having in the structure one or two peptoid moieties (series I and II) or the tetrazole ring (series III and IV) were considered. An ad hoc numerical index called poses ratio was introduced to interpret the results of the docking analysis and to establish relevant structure-interaction relationships. In addition, six binding modes were found for the ligands with the highest populated conformational clusters after applying contact-based analysis. The most regular and relevant were binding modes I and II, found mainly for ligands from series I. A subsequent molecular docking on human glutathione reductase enzyme allowed to assess the possible cytotoxicity of the ligands towards human cells. A selective binding profile was found for ligands with interactions in the Hydrophobic cleft, the spermidine and the Z subsites inside the active site of trypanothione reductase. At the end of the study, new thiadiazine-based compounds were identified as plausible candidates to selectively inhibit the parasitic enzyme.

Graphic abstract
Performance analysis of a fail-safe wireless communication architecture for IoT based fire alarm control panels
Authors: Qiu Song , Allan Robert , Nilavalan Rajagopal , Ivey Jeff , Butterfield Steven , Li Maozhen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study presents a fail-safe wireless communication architecture for Internet of Things based fire alarm control panels. In fire safety industry, one of the most important issues is to ensure the key information be delivered. A radio frequency wireless communication link is considered for enabling the fail-safe feature when the primary Internet of Things link is failed. In this paper, the design of the wireless communication architecture is proposed, and the system hardware based on customised micro-controller and wireless communication processors is implemented. In order to examine the performance of the proposed wireless communication architecture, a long-term evaluation is designed and conducted in an industrial warehouse, to demonstrate the information latency with parameter of round-trip time, and system reliability with parameter of probability failure rate. The experimental results show that the proposed wireless communication architecture could achieve the low latency and high reliability requirements and reduce the chance of key information loss. With the multi-disciplinary findings discovered, the proposed wireless communication architecture is feasible to be considered to use in future Internet of Things based fire safety products.
Tail asymptotics of an infinitely divisible space-time model with convolution equivalent Lévy measure
Authors: Stehr Mads , Rønn-Nielsen Anders 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider a space-time random field on ${{\mathbb{R}^d} \times {\mathbb{R}}}$ given as an integral of a kernel function with respect to a Lévy basis with a convolution equivalent Lévy measure. The field obeys causality in time and is thereby not continuous along the time axis. For a large class of such random fields we study the tail behaviour of certain functionals of the field. It turns out that the tail is asymptotically equivalent to the right tail of the underlying Lévy measure. Particular examples are the asymptotic probability that there is a time point and a rotation of a spatial object with fixed radius, in which the field exceeds the level x, and that there is a time interval and a rotation of a spatial object with fixed radius, in which the average of the field exceeds the level x.
Scale-free percolation in continuous space: quenched degree and clustering coefficient
Authors: Dalmau Joseba , Salvi Michele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpatial random graphs capture several important properties of real-world networks. We prove quenched results for the continuous-space version of scale-free percolation introduced in [14]. This is an undirected inhomogeneous random graph whose vertices are given by a Poisson point process in$\mathbb{R}^d$. Each vertex is equipped with a random weight, and the probability that two vertices are connected by an edge depends on their weights and on their distance. Under suitable conditions on the parameters of the model, we show that, for almost all realizations of the point process, the degree distributions of all the nodes of the graph follow a power law with the same tail at infinity. We also show that the averaged clustering coefficient of the graph isself-averaging. In particular, it is almost surely equal to the annealed clustering coefficient of one point, which is a strictly positive quantity.
The martingale comparison method for Markov processes
Authors: Köpfer Benedikt , Rüschendorf Ludger 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComparison results for Markov processes with respect to function-class-induced (integral) stochastic orders have a long history. The most general results so far for this problem have been obtained based on the theory of evolution systems on Banach spaces. In this paper we transfer the martingale comparison method, known for the comparison of semimartingales to Markovian semimartingales, to general Markov processes. The basic step of this martingale approach is the derivation of the supermartingale property of the linking process, giving a link between the processes to be compared. This property is achieved using the characterization of Markov processes by the associated martingale problem in an essential way. As a result, the martingale comparison method gives a comparison result for Markov processes under a general alternative but related set of regularity conditions compared to the evolution system approach.
Self-exciting multifractional processes
Authors: Harang Fabian A. , Lagunas-Merino Marc , Ortiz-Latorre Salvador 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe propose a new multifractional stochastic process which allows for self-exciting behavior, similar to what can be seen for example in earthquakes and other self-organizing phenomena. The process can be seen as an extension of a multifractional Brownian motion, where the Hurst function is dependent on the past of the process. We define this by means of a stochastic Volterra equation, and we prove existence and uniqueness of this equation, as well as giving bounds on the p-order moments, for all $p\geq1$. We show convergence of an Euler–Maruyama scheme for the process, and also give the rate of convergence, which is dependent on the self-exciting dynamics of the process. Moreover, we discuss various applications of this process, and give examples of different functions to model self-exciting behavior.
The coastal lowland of northwestern Germany as an archive of Holocene landscape evolution: basis for a spatial evaluation of Stone Age settlement patterns in the Dornumer tidal basin
Authors: Becker Thorsten , Siegmüller Annette 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ‘Wadden Sea Archive of landscape evolution, climate change and settlement history’ project (WASA) focuses on the analysis of marine sediment archives from the East Frisian Wadden Sea region. It aims at understanding the formation of palaeolandscapes since the end of the last ice age. One part of the project studies the possible correlation and shift of archaeological settlement patterns, climate change and sea-level rise through time in order to derive archaeological expectancy maps. In this paper we present our findings for a quantifiable set of Stone Age sites in the area of the prehistorical Dornumer tidal basin, discussing them against the background of coastal environmental factors and the applied methodology of our modelling. To enable spatial analysis of these sites, we developed a palaeographic elevation model, which was subsequently flooded at 2000-year intervals between the Boreal and early Subboreal periods. Particular challenges are posed by the dynamics of marine transgression, the related changes in the natural environment and their spatial extent. As a result of our GIS-based approach, the model can be extended geographically and provides a basis for future research.
Experimental Plastic Reactivation of Pseudotachylyte‐Filled Shear Zones
Authors: Passelègue François X. , Tielke Jacob , Mecklenburgh Julian , Violay Marie , Deldicque Damien , Di Toro Giulio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPseudotachylytes are fine‐grained fault rocks that solidify from melt that is produced in fault zones during earthquakes. Exposed sections of natural fault zones reveal evidence of postseismic plastic deformation (i.e., reactivation) of pseudotachylyte, which suggests these rocks may contribute to aseismic slip behavior in regions of repeated seismicity. To measure the plastic flow behavior of pseudotachylyte, we performed high‐temperature deformation experiments on pseudotachylyte from the Gole Larghe Fault Zone, Italy. Plastic reactivation of pseudotachylyte occurs at temperatures above 700°C for strain rates accessible during laboratory experiments. Extrapolation of experimental results to natural conditions demonstrates that pseudotachylyte deforms via diffusion creep at crustal conditions and is much weaker than host rocks in seismically active regions. Importantly, the presence of plastically deforming pseudotachylyte may influence the thickness of the seismogenic layer in some fault zones that experience repeated seismicity.
Diffuse Auroral Electron Scattering by Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in the Dayside Magnetosphere
Authors: Lou Yuequn , Cao Xing , Ni Binbin , Tu Weichao , Gu Xudong , Fu Song , Xiang Zheng , Ma Xin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves are frequently observed in the dayside magnetosphere, their effects on the formation of dayside diffuse aurora remain poorly understood. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of dayside ECH wave scattering in producing the electron diffuse aurora precipitation during a typical ECH wave event by calculating the quasi‐linear bounce‐averaged scattering rates. We find that dayside ECH waves can efficiently pitch angle scatter diffuse auroral electrons on timescales of a few hours to ∼1 day over a broad range of electron energy and equatorial pitch angle α
eq, that is, from ∼300 eV to 10 keV with α
eq from the loss cone to 45°. Especially for ∼300 eV–2 keV electrons, the scattering rates can even approach the strong diffusion limit, resulting in an almost fully filled loss cone. Our results confirm the significant role of ECH waves in driving the dayside diffuse aurora.
Mapping and Interpreting the Uppermost Mantle Reflectivity Beneath Central and South‐West Iberia
Authors: Palomeras I. , Ayarza P. , Andrés J. , Álvarez‐Valero A. M. , Gómez‐Barreiro J. , Díaz J. , Alcalde J. , Carbonell R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAt least two sub‐Moho reflectors have been identified in different seismic refraction and wide‐angle reflection experiments conducted in western Iberia since the early 1990s. The wavelet kinematics and characteristics of the shallowest event are probably produced by an increase in P‐wave velocity that forward modeling places at ∼70–75 km depth beneath the Ossa‐Morena Zone (OMZ) shallowing up to 50–60 km beneath the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ). Synthetic modeling suggests that the coda and amplitude of this arrival may correspond to a ∼10‐km‐thick heterogeneous layer. We used a two‐dimensional second‐order finite‐difference acoustic full wavefield modeling scheme with an input model which includes a layer of randomly distributed bodies thinner than one‐fourth of the wavelength of the source waves and ΔVp = ±0.1 km/s at the considered depth range. The resulting synthetic data reproduce well the observed amplitudes and codas because of the constructive interferences caused by this heterogeneous zone. The origin of this layer also discussed here in detail, is very likely related to the phase transition from spinel to garnet lherzolite, the so‐called Hales discontinuity. A second reflection also observed in some of the experiments suggests the presence of a velocity inversion at greater depths. Forward modeling places this discontinuity at around 90 km depth beneath the OMZ, deepening to 105–110 km depth beneath the southeast CIZ and shallowing up to 80 km depth in the northeast CIZ. The observed characteristics of this event are consistent with those of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary.
Long‐Term Carbon Sinks in Marsh Soils of Coastal Louisiana are at Risk to Wetland Loss
Authors: Baustian Melissa M. , Stagg Camille L. , Perry Carey L. , Moss Leland C. , Carruthers Tim J. B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoastal marshes are essential habitats for soil carbon accumulation and burial, which can influence the global carbon budget. Coastal Louisiana has extensive marsh habitats (fresh, intermediate, brackish, and saline) where soil cores were collected to a depth of 100 cm at 24 sites to assess long‐term carbon accumulation and burial rates. Select soil depth intervals were analyzed for bulk density, total carbon, and radionuclide (137Cs and 210Pb) dating. Marsh habitat maps (years 1949–2013) were also used to determine the most frequently occurring habitat at each field site. Over 5 decades, half of the sites transitioned between marsh habitats at least once. Saline marshes tended to have lower mean total carbon density (0.04 ± 0.002 g cm−3) and lower mean long‐term total carbon accumulation rates (211 ± 46 g TC m−2 yr−1, n = 5, based on 210Pb) compared to the other marsh habitats. Using marsh habitat specific accumulation rates and area, the total carbon burial rate for coastal Louisiana in year 2013 was estimated at 4.3 Tg TC yr−1 which accounts for about 5%–21% of the estimated tidal wetland burial rate globally. Historically, about 1.0 Tg TC yr−1 was lost due to reduced marsh area from 1949 to 2013. With no coastal restoration activity, the predicted wetland loss over the next 50 years could reduce carbon burial in coastal Louisiana to 2.1 Tg TC yr−1, a reduction of about 50% from the year 2013 rate, with potential to significantly alter the global carbon budget.
Deep learning identification for citizen science surveillance of tiger mosquitoes
Authors: Pataki Balint Armin , Garriga Joan , Eritja Roger , Palmer John R. B. , Bartumeus Frederic , Csabai Istvan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobal monitoring of disease vectors is undoubtedly becoming an urgent need as the human population rises and becomes increasingly mobile, international commercial exchanges increase, and climate change expands the habitats of many vector species. Traditional surveillance of mosquitoes, vectors of many diseases, relies on catches, which requires regular manual inspection and reporting, and dedicated personnel, making large-scale monitoring difficult and expensive. New approaches are solving the problem of scalability by relying on smartphones and the Internet to enable novel community-based and digital observatories, where people can upload pictures of mosquitoes whenever they encounter them. An example is the Mosquito Alert citizen science system, which includes a dedicated mobile phone app through which geotagged images are collected. This system provides a viable option for monitoring the spread of various mosquito species across the globe, although it is partly limited by the quality of the citizen scientists’ photos. To make the system useful for public health agencies, and to give feedback to the volunteering citizens, the submitted images are inspected and labeled by entomology experts. Although citizen-based data collection can greatly broaden disease-vector monitoring scales, manual inspection of each image is not an easily scalable option in the long run, and the system could be improved through automation. Based on Mosquito Alert’s curated database of expert-validated mosquito photos, we trained a deep learning model to find tiger mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus), a species that is responsible for spreading chikungunya, dengue, and Zika among other diseases. The highly accurate 0.96 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve score promises not only a helpful pre-selector for the expert validation process but also an automated classifier giving quick feedback to the app participants, which may help to keep them motivated. In the paper, we also explored the possibilities of using the model to improve future data collection quality as a feedback loop.