bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyst- and solvent-free Csp2–H functionalization of 4-hydroxycoumarins via C-3 dehydrogenative aza-coupling under ball-milling
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam , Karmakar Indrajit , Karmakar Pintu 
Published: May 2021

A mechanochemistry-driven green and efficient synthetic protocol for bio-relevant coumarin-hydrazones from a one-pot three-component reaction between 4-hydrocoumarins, primary aromatic amines and tert-butyl nitrite under ball-milling has been developed.
Investigating Acoustic Correlates of Intelligibility Gains and Losses During Slowed Speech: A Hybridization Approach
Authors: van Brenk Frits , Kain Alexander , Tjaden Kris 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis exploratory study sought to identify acoustic variables explaining rate-related variation in intelligibility for speakers with dysarthria secondary to multiple sclerosis.MethodSeven speakers with dysarthria due to multiple sclerosis produced the same set of Harvard sentences at habitual and slow rates. Speakers were selected from a larger corpus on the basis of rate-related intelligibility characteristics. Four speakers demonstrated improved intelligibility and three speakers demonstrated reduced intelligibility when rate was slowed. A speech analysis resynthesis paradigm termedhybridizationwas used to create stimuli in which segmental (i.e., short-term spectral) and suprasegmental variables (i.e., sentence-level fundamental frequency, energy characteristics, and duration) of sentences produced at the slow rate were donated individually or in combination to habitually produced sentences. Online crowdsourced orthographic transcription was used to quantify intelligibility for six hybridized sentence types and the original habitual and slow productions.ResultsSentence duration alone was not a contributing factor to improved intelligibility associated with slowed rate. Speakers whose intelligibility improved with slowed rate showed higher intelligibility scores for duration spectrum hybrids and energy hybrids compared to the original habitual rate sentences, suggesting these acoustic cues contributed to improved intelligibility for sentences produced with a slowed rate. Energy contour characteristics were also found to play a role in intelligibility losses for speakers with decreased intelligibility at slowed rate. The relative contribution of speech acoustic variables to intelligibility gains and losses varied considerably between speakers.ConclusionsHybridization can be used to identify acoustic correlates of intelligibility variation associated with slowed rate. This approach has further elucidated speaker-specific and individualized speech production adjustments when slowing rate.
Simulation of positive streamer propagation in an air gap with a GFRP composite barrier
Authors: He Hengxin , Xia Dezhi , Luo Bin , Chen Weijiang , Bian Kai , Xiang NianWen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe puncture of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate is a primary damage pattern of wind turbine blades due to lightning strikes. A numerical simulation model of positive streamer propagation in a needle‐to‐plate air gap with a GFRP laminate is established to investigate the breakdown mechanism of GFRP laminate. The model not only considers the dynamics of charged particles in the air and the composite laminate, but also the current continuity at gas–solid interfaces. The simulated streamer discharge pattern and the surface streamer length are in good agreement with the observation results. The distributions and evolutions of the electron number density, electric field, and surface charge densities during streamer propagation are obtained. It is found that the enhancement of the electric field on the GFRP laminate is caused by the rapid deposition of positive and negative space charges on the GFRP laminate after a secondary streamer incepts on the lower surface of the GFRP laminate. The effects of the applied voltage, relative permittivity, and thickness of the GFRP laminate on the electric field on the GFRP laminate are investigated. The obtained results could assist in further understanding of the mechanism of GFRP wind blade breakdown due to lightning strikes.
An update of the correlation between polarimetric and thermal properties of cometary dust
Authors: Kwon Yuna G. , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Agarwal Jessica , Markkanen Johannes 
Published: May 2021

Context.Comets are conglomerates of ice and dust particles, the latter of which encode information on changes in the radiative and thermal environments. Dust displays distinctive scattered and thermal radiation in the visible and mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths, respectively, based on its inherent characteristics.Aims.We aim to identify a possible correlation between the properties of scattered and thermal radiation from dust and the principal dust characteristics responsible for this relationship, and therefrom gain insights into comet evolution.Methods.We use the NASA/PDS archival polarimetric data on cometary dust in the red (0.62−0.73 μm) and K (2.00−2.39 μm) domains to leverage the relative excess of the polarisation degree of a comet to the average trend at the given phase angle (Pexcess) as a metric of the dust’s scattered light characteristics. The flux excess of silicate emissions to the continuum around 10 μm (FSi/Fcont) is adopted from previous studies as a metric of the dust’s MIR feature.Results.The two observables –PexcessandFSi/Fcont– show a positive correlation whenPexcessis measured in the K domain (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficientρ= 0.71−0.19+0.10). No significant correlation was identified in the red domain (ρ= 0.13−0.15+0.16). The gas-rich comets have systematically weakerFSi/Fcontthan the dust-rich ones, and yet both groups retain the same overall tendency with different slope values.Conclusions.The observed positive correlation between the two metrics indicates that composition is a peripheral factor in characterising the dust’s polarimetric and silicate emission properties. The systematic difference inFSi/Fcontfor gas-rich versus dust-rich comets would instead correspond to the difference in their dust size distribution. Hence, our results suggest that the current MIR spectral models of cometary dust, which search for a minimumχ2fit by considering various dust properties simultaneously, should prioritise the dust size and porosity over the composition. With light scattering being sensitive to different size scales in two wavebands, we expect the K-domain polarimetry to be sensitive to the properties of dust aggregates, such as size and porosity, which might have been influenced by evolutionary processes. On the other hand, the red-domain polarimetry reflects the characteristics of sub-micrometre constituents in the aggregate.
Modified high-strength concrete with the addition of CONPLAST SP430
Authors: Kalbaev Baxauatdin , Utegenova Gulzar , Ilyasov A. , Gandjuntsev Mikhail 
Published: May 2021

In most high-strength concrete technologies, high-quality Portland cements are used, which is not always achievable in conditions of a shortage of such binders.
The research’s purpose is to obtain high-strength concrete based on ordinary Portland cement of the M400 brand. To achieve this goal, the possibility of using the superplasticizer Conplast SP430 was studied.
The research was carried out using standard methods, like using mathematical planning and result’s analytical processing.
The implementation of the experiment allowed us to determine the optimal values of the basic composition of concrete: the consumption of superplasticizer-1.0 % of the mass of cement; the consumption of cement-485 kg/m3, the ratio of sand/crushed stone-0.36. At the optimal value of the parameters, the achieved maximum compressive strength was 58.8 MPa.
The novelty is the justification of the possibility of obtaining high-strength concretes using Portland cement with an activity not exceeding 40 MPa based on the use of a new generation superplasticizer and the development of the basics of the method for selecting the composition of concrete.
The significance of the result is due to the expansion of the possibility of using ordinary Portland cement for the production of products and structures with the use of high-strength concrete.
Prospects for the use of sandwich panels in the construction industry of Kazakhstan
Authors: Omarov Zhumabek , Zhukenova Gulnara , Bulyga Leonid , Beisembaev Murat 
Published: May 2021

One of the main priorities for the implementation of the tasks set in the Address of the Head of State Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan “Kazakhstan’s way - 2050: common goal, common interests, common future” is the transition of traditional industries of Kazakhstan to the production of high value added products.
Structural insulated panel (SIP) in common people is a sandwich panel. Aside from the architectural and aesthetic requirements for building projects, sandwich panels could be called the ideal building material.
The shell of sandwich panels is made with a good and reliable anti-corrosion coating, the insulation material has a low thermal conductivity, minimal moisture absorption, sufficient mechanical strength, and high durability. And the sandwich panel itself is resistant to harmful ultraviolet radiation, atmospheric and mechanical influences. In addition, any communications are easily laid through sandwich panels: drilling or cutting this structure is much easier than reinforced concrete panels.
Informal settlements in Baghdad city
Authors: Repeva Anastasia 
Published: May 2021

The research deals with the issue of slums, urban sprawl on agriculture land and its impact on the city of Baghdad. This topic needs close attention because it has become a problem facing the city of Baghdad through recruiting agricultural lands and converting them to residential homes in addition to the transgression on the state lands and building abuses.
This research deals with the causes of slums, irregular urban sprawl and risks of excesses on land uses of land in Baghdad. In this research, we try to know the extent to which these problems have affected the city of Baghdad.
The research methodology based on the descriptive methodology to clarify the factors affecting urban sprawl at the expense of agricultural land, using studies in government and service institutions and images from satellites to clarify the size of urban sprawl over periods after the 2003 war. Finally, a conclusion and future solutions were set to solve these problems.
Derrière le spectre des « conflits d’intérêts » généralisés. Les agences face aux défis de l’évaluation réglementaire de produits
Authors: Boullier Henri 
Published: May 2021

Les agences réglementaires sont aujourd’hui au cœur des politiques de protection des populations et de l’environnement, en France comme en Europe. À chaque fois que les effets sanitaires d’un produit font l’objet d’une controverse publique (bisphénol A, benfluorex, glyphosate), ces agences sont mises en accusation : leurs procédures de gestion des conflits d’intérêts et leurs politiques de transparence seraient insuffisantes. Les débats qui ont récemment entouré les évaluations divergentes du Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (CIRC) et de l’Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA) sur la cancérogénicité du glyphosate suggèrent cependant une situation plus complexe. Plutôt qu’un problème de « conflit d’intérêts », les critiques formulées à l’égard de l’EFSA sont liées au fait que les questions qui lui sont posées, les protocoles sur lesquels elle s’appuie, et les données qu’elle utilise, le sont dans un contexte bien particulier : celui de l’évaluation réglementaire de produits en vue de leur commercialisation.
Construire un regard sociohydrologique (3). Expérimenter un canevas pour engager la négociation interdisciplinaire
Authors: Collard Anne-Laure , Riaux Jeanne , Massuel Sylvain , Bonté Bruno , Laurenceau Martin , Richard Bastien , Rivière-Honegger Anne 
Published: May 2021

Troisième volet d’un travail sur la démarche sociohydrologique, ce retour d’expérience s’intéresse aux modalités du dialogue interdisciplinaire en l’absence d’une expérience de terrain partagée. Un postulat a guidé la confection d’un « canevas » pour structurer les échanges au sein d’un groupe de chercheurs : la nécessité de partager des expériences pour négocier les points de convergence entre regards des sciences de la nature et de la société sur un même objet, ici les canaux d’irrigation communautaires. L’analyse du processus de construction, d’expérimentation et d’évaluation de ce canevas est entendue comme élément à part entière du processus interdisciplinaire. La double perspective sur laquelle repose cette contribution, expérimentation et réflexivité, permet un retour sur les modalités du dialogue interdisciplinaire et examine l’importance des frustrations dans la progression de la négociation.
Renale Komplikationen bei Immuntherapien von Malignomen
Authors: Schanz Moritz , Kimmel Martin 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDurch ein targetspezifisches Vorgehen stellen Immuntherapien eine neue hocheffektive Therapieform bei fortgeschrittenen Malignomen dar, zunehmende Verbreitung findet in diesem Feld insbesondere die Therapie mit Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (CPI). Allerdings kann es hierunter neben anderen immunvermittelten unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen zu renalen Komplikationen kommen. Eine hierdurch bedingte Nephrotoxizität ist häufiger als initial angenommen und tritt teilweise erst mit einer deutlichen Latenz auf. Histologisch handelt es sich in den meisten Fällen um eine akute interstitielle Nephritis. Diese lässt sich i. d. R. durch Stoppen der CPI-Therapie und Gabe von Kortikosteroiden gut therapieren. Die renale Prognose ist unter Anwendung dieser Maßnahmen überwiegend gut. Andere Immuntherapien von Tumoren spielen hinsichtlich der Nephrotoxizität eine eher untergeordnete Rolle, wobei mit zunehmender Verbreitung einer CAR-T-Zell-Therapie zukünftig auch die renalen Nebenwirkungen berücksichtigt werden sollten.
Die psychische Gesundheit von Pflegenden (Teil 4)
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit von Pflegenden setzen Trainingsmethoden an den Resilienzfaktoren an. Neben Übungen, die einem auf Defizite fokussierten Wahrnehmen und Bewerten von Situationen entgegenwirken, werden in diesem letzten Teil der Artikelserie Methoden vorgestellt, die effektiv das subjektiv empfundene Stresslevel senken können. Durch Klopfen von Akupunkturpunkten, die Formulierung von Affirmationen bei gleichzeitiger Körperstimulation, die Verwendung positiver Sprachbilder sowie Achtsamkeitsübungen kann wirksam Stress reduziert und die individuelle Resilienz gefördert werden. Resilientes Verhalten heißt dann nicht, die Welt durch eine rosarote Brille zu sehen, sondern selbst positive Erlebnisse, Gedanken und Gefühle bewusst herbeizuführen, um sich besser zu fühlen. Das kann gelingen, indem achtsam die eigene Aufmerksamkeit auf das Gelingende und das Mögliche gelenkt wird. Pflegende können damit ihr Empowerment fördern, indem sie sich nicht mehr als Opfer der Stressoren wahrnehmen, sondern durch eigenes Handeln die gesundheitliche Handlungskompetenz auch für ein Mehr an seelischem Wohlbefinden erreichen.
Qualitative and Quantitative Workplace Analysis of Staff Requirement in an Academic Radiology Department
Authors: Streit Ulrike , Uhlig Johannes , Lotz Joachim , Panahi Babak , Seif Amir Hosseini Ali 
Published: May 2021

Purpose The role of today’s hospital-based radiologists goes far beyond interpretation-related tasks. This observational study defines these types of activities and quantifies the type of value-adding interactions radiologists experience on a daily basis with referring departments and other health personnel. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of these value-adding non-image interpretation tasks in the daily routine of hospital-based residents and attending radiologists.
Methods A prospective, observational study was performed in the radiology department of a German university hospital. Two experienced radiologists performed a 30-day observation of the entire medical staff. The observers followed the subject radiologists throughout the workday, recording activities using a time and motion methodology. An evaluation matrix was developed to characterize and quantify image interpretation tasks (IITs), non-image interpretation tasks (NITs), and contingency allowance (CA) for residents and attending radiologists. Here, the example of the MRI unit is used.
Results Four main categories of responsibilities for NITs were identified including teaching and education, clinical decision support, management and organization, and patient care. The quantitative analysis for residents showed: IITs 15 h/d (53 %), NITs 9.8 h/d (34 %), CA 2.2 h/d (13 %). For attendings the analysis revealed: IITs 6.7 h/d (40 %), NITs 7.8 h/d (47 %), and CA 1.7 h/d (13 %). This resulted in staff requirements of 2 attendings and 3.4 residents for the MRI unit. On average, 6 TSEs/h occurred in the case of residents and 13 TSEs/h in the case of attendings.
Conclusion NITs consumed a significant portion of a radiologist’s workday. Therefore, the number of examinations performed is not a reliable surrogate for the daily workload of hospital-based radiologists especially in cross-sectional imaging units. Though time-consuming, these non-interpretive tasks are greatly contributing to the fact that modern radiology is assuming a central position in patient management, fulfilling a critical role that surpasses image interpretation-related tasks to include a more integrative and consultative role. These findings will help to further define the changing role of radiologists with respect to other physicians, non-medical personnel, hospital administrators, as well as policy makers.
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Current Insights into the Steroidal Module of the Athlete Biological Passport
Authors: Piper Thomas , Geyer Hans , Haenelt Nadine , Huelsemann Frank , Schaenzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor decades, the class of anabolic androgenic steroids has represented the most frequently detected doping agents in athletes’ urine samples. Roughly 50% of all adverse analytical findings per year can be attributed to anabolic androgenic steroids, of which about 2/3 are synthetic exogenous steroids, where a qualitative analytical approach is sufficient for routine doping controls. For the remaining 1/3 of findings, caused by endogenous steroid-derived analytical test results, a more sophisticated quantitative approach is required, as their sheer presence in urine cannot be directly linked to an illicit administration. Here, the determination of urinary concentrations and concentration ratios proved to be a suitable tool to identify abnormal steroid profiles. Due to the large inter-individual variability of both concentrations and ratios, population-based thresholds demonstrated to be of limited practicability, leading to the introduction of the steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport. The passport enabled the generation of athlete-specific individual reference ranges for steroid profile parameters. Besides an increase in sensitivity, several other aspects like sample substitution or numerous confounding factors affecting the steroid profile are addressed by the Athlete Biological Passport-based approach. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview on current prospects, supporting professionals in sports drug testing and steroid physiology.
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery Lung Resection in United States Veterans: Trends and Outcomes versus Thoracotomy
Authors: Napolitano Michael A. , Sparks Andrew D. , Werba Gregor , Rosenfeld Ethan S. , Antevil Jared L. , Trachiotis Gregory D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) offers reduced morbidity compared with open thoracotomy (OT) for pulmonary surgery. The use of VATS over time has increased, but at a modest rate in civilian populations. This study examines temporal trends in VATS use and compares outcomes between VATS and OT in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
Methods Patients who underwent pulmonary surgery (wedge or segmental resection, lobectomy, or pneumonectomy) at Veterans Affairs centers from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively identified using the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Project database. The cohort was divided into OT and VATS and propensity score matched, taking into account the type of pulmonary resection, preoperative diagnosis, and comorbidities. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes were compared. The prevalence of VATS use and respective complications over time was also analyzed.
Results A total of 16,895 patients were identified, with 5,748 per group after propensity matching. VATS had significantly lower rates of morbidity and a 2-day reduction in hospital stay. Whereas 76% of lung resections were performed open in 2008, nearly 70% of procedures were performed using VATS in 2018. While VATS was associated with an 8% lower rate of major complications compared with thoracotomy in 2008, patients undergoing VATS lung resection in 2018 had a 58% lower rate of complications (p < 0.001).
Conclusions VATS utilization at VHA centers has become the predominant technique used for pulmonary surgeries over time. OT patients had more complications and longer hospital stays compared with VATS. Over the study period, VATS patients had increasingly lower complication rates compared with open surgery.
Long-Term Outcomes and Course of Compensatory Sweating after Endoscopic Sympathicotomy
Authors: Turhan Kutsal , Kavurmaci Önder , Akçam Tevfik İlker , Ergönül Ayşe Gül , Özdil Ali , Çakan Alpaslan , Çağirici Ufuk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy is an effective approach to the treatment of idiopathic localized hyperhidrosis, and compensatory sweating is the main reason for patient dissatisfaction. Our study discusses both the long-term outcomes of sympathicotomy and the course of compensatory sweating.
Methods Patients with palmar and/or axillary hyperhidrosis who were operated by the same surgical team between January 2008 and December 2014 were included in the study. After at least 5 years (60 months) from operation, patients were questioned about their treatment outcomes by using an original survey form.
Results Of the 137 patients included in the study, 88 (64.2%) were female and 49 (35.8%) were male. The mean time from the operation to the survey interview was 80.9 ± 14.1 (64–136) months. After operation, complaints disappeared in 95.1% of the patients, and decreased in 4.9% with palmar hyperhidrosis. Complaints completely disappeared in 12.9% and decreased in 81.7% of the patients with axillary hyperhidrosis. Ninety-seven (70.8%) of the patients described increased sweating in some parts of their body after operation but only 47 reached an uncomfortable intensity. The number of patients who regretted the operation due to the compensatory sweating was 13 (9.5%). The patients' overall scoring of the operation and procedure was calculated as 8.0 ± 2.1 (0–10 points) out of 10.
Conclusion Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy's long-term outcomes are also satisfactory in the treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Compensatory sweating may decrease over time, only a minority of patients will express regret at undergoing the treatment.