bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbid diseases associated with pemphigus: a case‐control study
Authors: Bardazzi Federico , Rucci Paola , Rosa Simona , Loi Camilla , Iommi Marica , Altobrando Ambra Di 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBackground and objectivesPemphigus has been associated with physical and psychiatric comorbid diseases. This study aims to further investigate these associations in patients with pemphigus, and to analyze the relationships of comorbid conditions with sex and age, pemphigus disease area index score, diagnostic delay and cutaneous/mucous involvement.Patients and methodsPatients with pemphigus were matched by age, gender and area of residence with eight controls each. The odds of comorbid conditions in patients vs. matched controls was determined using univariate conditional logistic regression models. Comorbid diseases significantly associated with the diagnosis of pemphigus at P < 0.05 in univariate models were subsequently included in a multivariable conditional logistic regression model with a forward procedure.ResultsThe study sample included 163 patients with pemphigus. Cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, autoimmune thyroid disorders, dermatological autoimmune/inflammatory conditions and cancer were the most prominent conditions at the time of diagnosis. In the multiple conditional regression analysis, the two diagnoses independently associated with patients with pemphigus were cancer and dermatological autoimmune/inflammatory conditions. In sensitivity analyses excluding four patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus, these associations were still significant.ConclusionsCancer and dermatological autoimmune/inflammatory conditions may represent possible triggering conditions for pemphigus and should be considered as early warning signs for the disease.
The African Small Island Developing States and normative coherence for sustainable development: The quality of civil rights and liberties
Authors: Graham Victoria , Graham Suzanne 
Published: November 2021

SummaryMotivationThe literature on small states suggests that small island states are more likely than larger states to support regional and international democratic norms, but is this true of the six African Small Island Developing States (ASIDS), an underexplored regional grouping? This article explores the ASIDS' normative commitment to regional democratic norms of civil rights and liberties.PurposeThis article aims to answer the question: how normatively coherent are ASIDS with the normative development of regional civil rights and liberty norms promoted by the African Union (AU) through the Banjul Charter?Methods and approachThe article adopts a normative conceptual lens in its outlook and uses quality of democracy methodology to compare the quality of selected regional civil rights and liberty norms across the ASIDS grouping.FindingsThe article finds that procedurally all ASIDS are coherent with the Banjul Charter norms on civil rights and liberties, but that local realities mean that substantive coherence to these norms is often slow or, in some cases, ineffectual. Cultural context, agency, and capacity are as important as size and “islandness” in determining small island state democratic quality.Policy implicationsIt suggests that political will for normative coherence for sustainable development (NCSD) within a region is not enough, at least for these island states. A real lack of capacity warrants greater regional support from continental Africa in the form of, among other things, financing, capacity building, expertise, peer review, and monitoring. Only through reinforcement of NCSD can the AU fulfil its rights‐based mission.
Fertility control for managing macropods – Current approaches and future prospects
Authors: Wimpenny Claire , Hinds Lyn A. , Herbert Catherine A. , Wilson Michelle , Coulson Graeme 
Published: November 2021

SummaryMacropods play an important ecological role in the Australian environment; however, at high population densities can adversely affect biodiversity and primary production and result in human–wildlife conflicts. While shooting is recognised as the most humane and species‐specific method for controlling macropod populations, in peri‐urban situations fertility control provides an attractive option to replace or reduce lethal interventions. An appropriate fertility control agent for managing overabundant macropods needs to provide long‐lasting infertility following a single treatment, be species‐specific in its action or administration method, and be safe, humane, and cost‐effective. Several contraceptive methods that induce infertility for multiple years have been tested on macropods. These include surgical techniques; hormonal implants containing deslorelin, a gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, or levonorgestrel, a progestin; and immunocontraceptive vaccines (zona pellucida vaccine and the GnRH‐based vaccine, GonaCon). These methods vary in the complexity of delivery and therefore their potential for adverse welfare impacts. Minimal side effects on behaviour and health have been observed. Despite some recent progress with remote dart delivery of deslorelin implants and GonaCon, efficient deployment of all existing methods is currently restricted to either captive or small, wild populations where individuals can be approached closely enough for safe capture and treatment. Of the currently available methods, levonorgestrel and GonaCon are the most suited to population‐scale management. To date, studies addressing the effect of fertility control on the growth rate of macropod populations have been limited but are essential to enable full evaluation of the efficacy and cost/benefit analysis of the different approaches. Mathematical modelling to identify the level of infertility required to meet population management goals, as well as comparing integrated management strategies, will support planning of large‐scale field trials. Improving dart delivery of existing contraceptive agents and developing new methods, such as an oral contraceptive, would increase the cost‐effectiveness of applying fertility control to free‐ranging macropods and may make treating larger populations feasible.
Kangaroo management and animal welfare
Authors: Stephens Tanya 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThis paper focuses on and summarizes the animal welfare impacts of kangaroo (Macropus and Osphranter spp.) management and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to a complex problem for the best animal welfare outcomes. A concern for the welfare of kangaroos was the main motivator for preparation of the National Statement which underpins this special edition. Importantly, given that the primary concern of veterinarians is the health and welfare of all animals, the Australian Veterinary Association welfare and ethics special interest group (AVAWE) and the conservation biology special interest group (AVCB) have endorsed the National Statement.
Fatigue life prediction method of face‐centered cubic single‐crystal metals under multiaxial nonproportional loading based on structural mechanical model
Authors: Wang Qizhi , Geng Pei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBased on the characteristics of the sliding surface, sliding direction, and fatigue damage mechanism of metal materials, the mechanical model of a body–bar–plate structure is proposed with consideration to the plastic damage mechanism. The elastoplastic constitutive equations and damage constitutive equations of the face‐centered cubic (FCC) structure subjected to multiaxial cyclic loading were derived, and the damage evolution law of the body–bar–plate mechanical model was investigated. Then, the meso‐damage evolution equation was established under multiaxial nonproportional loading. Subsequently, the relationship between the fatigue performance and microstructure under multiaxial nonproportional loading was investigated, and a damage mechanics–finite element method (FEM) with consideration to the damage evolution is proposed. The proposed model and method provide a new approach for predicting the fatigue life of metal materials.
Pressure injury prevention practices among medical surgical nurses in a tertiary hospital: An observational and chart audit study
Authors: Li Zhaoyu , Marshall Andrea P , Lin Frances , Ding Yanming , Chaboyer Wendy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPressure injuries are frequently occurring adverse events in hospitals, negatively impacting patient safety and quality of care. Most pressure injuries are avoidable if effective prevention strategies are used. However, the extent to which various settings influence their use of prevention strategies is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe and compare pressure injury prevention strategies used by medical and surgical nurses in the Chinese context. In this observational study, we used semi‐structured observations with chart audits to collect data in two medical and two surgical wards in a tertiary hospital from June to December 2020. Observations were patient‐focused; any prevention practices the patient received were recorded, and a chart audit was used to identify documented prevention strategies. The frequency of each prevention strategy was reported, and differences between medical and surgical wards were analysed using independent t‐test or χ2 test. A total of 577 patients (n = 294, 50.9% medical; n = 283, 49.1% surgical) were observed and their charts audited. Risk assessment was completed on admission for all patients. Repositioning was the most frequently used strategy, with about 84% (n = 486) patients being repositioned regularly. However, skin care, nutritional risk screening and the use of support surfaces were suboptimal. Patient education was not commonly observed but was documented in 75% (n = 433) of audited charts. More medical patients' skin was kept clean and hydrated, but more surgical patients received barrier creams, had a support surface and received more nutrition support and if a prone position was used, they were more likely to be turned after 2 hr and to be repositioned after sitting in a chair for an hour. Prevention strategies were more likely to be documented in surgical patients' charts. Despite pressure injury prevention guideline recommendations provided various prevention strategies for nurses to apply, the observed use of some strategies such as nutrition, skin care and support surfaces was not ideal. Nurses relied heavily on repositioning for pressure injury prevention. Most pressure injury prevention practices need improvement although surgical patients generally received better preventative care. These findings can facilitate clinicians and nurse managers when tailoring future pressure injury prevention work.
Straight from the horse's mouth: Increasing self‐report in mental health assessment in individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: Havercamp Susan M. , Barnhill L. Jarrett , Bonardi Alexandra , Chapman Richard A. , Cobranchi Chelsea , Fletcher Robert J. , Rabidoux Paula , Seeley John R. , Tassé Marc J. ,   The Nisonger Center RRTC on Health and Function
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMental health conditions are common among individuals with intellectual disability. Under recognition of mental health disorders leading to unmet treatment needs is common in this population. This article addresses one major contributing factor, the lack of cognitively accessible self‐report measures for individuals with intellectual disability.MethodIn this literature‐informed overview of the state of the field, we discuss the need for, and complexities of, including individuals with intellectual disability in mental health assessments.ResultsWith appropriate supports, many individuals with intellectual disability can respond to mental health questions. We discuss evidence‐based strategies to make mental health assessments more accessible.ConclusionWe highlight the need to engage individuals with intellectual disability to provide first‐hand information about their health and well‐being. New instruments and research procedures should be developed in partnership with individuals with intellectual disability. Self‐report may be essential to advancing the science of mental health research.
Unhealthy food preferences: A psychological consequence of poverty?
Authors: Thomas Dominic 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrawing on the literature on the psychological consequences of poverty, this paper examines whether stress explains poor people's stronger preferences for unhealthy food and whether self‐affirmation mitigates stress and reduces unhealthy food preferences. Through a quasiexperimental field study of patrons of a community kitchen, we show that poor people (vs. controls) prefer more unhealthy food and, more importantly, that chronic stress mediates the relationship between poverty and unhealthy food preferences. A second quasiexperimental study of poor residents of a home for homeless people replicates this effect for actual unhealthy food choices. A final online study reveals that a social‐psychological self‐affirmation intervention mitigates poor people's experienced stress, which in turn helps reduce unhealthy food preferences. The discussion focuses on how managing stress through timely interventions such as self‐affirmation can improve poor people's unhealthy food preferences. Finally, policy implications are discussed.
Estimation of CD3, CD4, and CD8 in Iraqi patients with alopecia areata and alopecia universalis
Authors: Aldaffaie Sahar Taha Hatif , Hussein Talib Abdullah , Muhieldden Ali Abd Razzak 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata is considered to be an autoimmune disease characterized by T‐cell response and production of cytokines around the anagen stage.Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to assess T cells in blood using immune biomarkers (CD3, CD4, and CD8) in patients with AA and AU compared with healthy individuals.Materials and methodsThis study was carried out at private clinic and in the Department of Dermatology in Al Karama Teaching Hospital. The study groups included 58 patients from different geographic areas in Iraq, with ages ranging from 5 to 48 years from the end of August 2019 to the January 2020; AA patient group included 19, AU patient group included, 11 and control group included 30 with no scalp or body lesions in their disease history. All patients were clinically diagnosed to detect clinical types of disease in the scalp, in the body, and any hair‐bearing area. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants where CD3 T cell, CD4 T cell, and CD8 T cell in whole blood were estimated by flow cytometry technique.ResultsThe present study has found the males are more susceptible to infection than the females in both types of disease. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) detected for immune biomarkers (CD3, CD4, and CD8) in blood between patient groups in comparison with healthy individuals, but there was a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in immune biomarkers (CD8, CD3) according to stress status in AU and in CD8 T cell between patient groups. CD4/CD8 ratio increased in alopecia patients.ConclusionIn current study, There was no significant difference detected for biomarkers (CD3, CD4, and CD8) in blood between patient groups and healthy control, but significantly decrease in CD8 T cell and CD3T cell according to stress in AU, and in CD8T cell between patient groups according to stress This research may have proven one of the theories. Study of CD markers receptors and B cell receptors these will help for future studies.
Efficacy and safety of automated epidermal micrograft in patients with stable segmental and nonsegmental vitiligo
Authors: Wang Chi‐Hui , Lin Yu‐Jr , Hu Sindy , Huang Yao‐Li , Chung Wen‐Hung , Ng Chau Yee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVitiligo is a common, psychologically devastating pigmentary disorder. Surgical graftings are used to treat stable vitiligo when medical treatment fails. An automated epidermal micrograft harvesting (AEMH) system was first designated to treat wounds, and very few studies investigated the application of AEMH in vitiligo. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of the AEMH system in patients with stable segmental and nonsegmental vitiligo. The rate of repigmentation and adverse events was recorded bimonthly for at least 12 months. We analyzed the efficacy based on patient characteristics, vitiligo subtypes, and different anatomical locations. A total of 56 depigmented lesions from 34 patients were included. 95.50% of the automated epidermal micrografts were successfully grafted at the recipient sites. There was a significant improvement in Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) and Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI) in patients treated with AEMH (p < 0.001). The rate of repigmentation by VASI score improves from 96.25 ± 8.59 to 48.30 ± 28.16 after the treatment (p < 0.001). Treatment outcomes were comparable between the patients of segmental and stable nonsegmental vitiligo. The face and neck region achieved a better outcome, followed by the trunk (chest, abdomen, back, and axilla), limbs, and the worse outcome was found in the acral region (p < 0.014). Conclusively, AEMH is an effective treatment procedure with limited adverse events in patients with stable vitiligo. This harvesting method may be a feasible option for vitiligo surgical treatment.
The Use of Restrictive Measures in Community Services for People With Intellectual Disabilities in Sweden
Authors: Björne Petra , Deveau Roy , McGill Peter , Nylander Lena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCommunity services for Swedish people with intellectual disability (ID) are intended to support self‐determination and integrity. Legislation does not allow the use of restrictive or coercive measures.AimThe aim of this study is to identify the extent of, rationale for, and strategies staff believe would reduce the use of restrictive measures in group homes and daily activities services for people with ID.MethodA survey was sent to all staff in group homes and daily activities in one large Swedish municipality. The survey comprised four Likert style questions and one free text question, addressing the type of and reasons for restrictive measures, and how much staff value their replacement. A total of 250 surveys were completed.ResultsA third of staff reported that some restrictive measures were used daily or weekly, primarily to protect and support service users. Adequate numbers of staff, better service design, and training were considered necessary for change.ConclusionStaff report structural reasons, such as staffing, resources time, lack of training, and supervision for using restrictive measures. Staff see reducing the use of restrictive measures as requiring structural changes with engagement from the whole organization.
Ignoring nationalism? Religious, corporate, material, regional and dynastic options on Mt Athos, 1839–1912
Authors: Vovchenko Denis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe article challenges the existing view of Mt Athos, a centre of Orthodox Christian monasticism, as a hotbed of Russian and Balkan nationalism at the turn of the 20th century. It proposes to analyse that complex situation using the concept of “national indifference,” that is, prioritisation of concerns and loyalties different from the agendas pursued by nationalist activists. The article suggests that the motivations of most Russian and Greek monks in that autonomous monastic republic were dominated by traditional piety, corporate interests, mundane economic concerns, regional and dynastic loyalties. I will rely on Greek and Russian archival sources to discuss chronologically how those alternatives appeared to take the upper hand around several flashpoints from the return of significant groups of Russian friars in 1839 after a late medieval hiatus to the end of over four centuries of Ottoman control of the area in 1912.
Distinguishing solidarity from identity in studies of nationhood: An alternative to the civic–ethnic dichotomy?
Authors: Kaplan Danny 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article argues for an analytic distinction between questions of collective identity and questions of solidarity in studies of nationhood. Whereas the former inquiry centres on group classifications and commonalities, the latter examines cooperation and patterns of interaction among group members. Although theoretical discussion of national solidarity is sparse, three central approaches in the field can be highlighted: understanding solidarity as a byproduct of identity, as a relationship between strangers and as an extension of sociability. The distinction between solidarity and identity bears on the much‐disputed dichotomy between ethnic and civic nationalism. Civic nationalism has been widely criticized for failing to account for group boundaries and shared culture. Yet its emphasis on patterns of interaction and cooperation should not be neglected either. Instead of addressing the civic–ethnic dichotomy as two types of national identity, one could benefit from differentiating between epistemological questions about (ethnic‐national) identity and those about (civic‐national) solidarity.
Chloroplast development in green plant tissues: the interplay between light, hormone, and transcriptional regulation
Authors: Cackett Lee , Luginbuehl Leonie H. , Schreier Tina B. , Lopez‐Juez Enrique , Hibberd Julian M. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryChloroplasts are best known for their role in photosynthesis, but they also allow nitrogen and sulphur assimilation, amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide and hormone synthesis. How chloroplasts develop is therefore relevant to these diverse and fundamental biological processes, but also to attempts at their rational redesign. Light is strictly required for chloroplast formation in all angiosperms and directly regulates the expression of hundreds of chloroplast‐related genes. Light also modulates the levels of several hormones including brassinosteriods, cytokinins, auxins and gibberellins, which themselves control chloroplast development particularly during early stages of plant development. Transcription factors such as GOLDENLIKE1&2 (GLK1&2), GATA NITRATE‐INDUCIBLE CARBON METABOLISM‐INVOLVED (GNC) and CYTOKININ‐RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (CGA1) act downstream of both light and phytohormone signalling to regulate chloroplast development. Thus, in green tissues transcription factors, light signalling and hormone signalling form a complex network regulating the transcription of chloroplast‐ and photosynthesis‐related genes to control the development and number of chloroplasts per cell. We use this conceptual framework to identify points of regulation that could be harnessed to modulate chloroplast abundance and increase photosynthetic efficiency of crops, and to highlight future avenues to overcome gaps in current knowledge.
On the character of the new entrepreneurial National Health Service in England: Reforming health care from within?
Authors: Hodgson Damian E. , Bailey Simon , Exworthy Mark , Bresnen Mike , Hassard John , Hyde Paula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent health care reforms in England, combined with financial austerity, have accelerated both corporatization and commercialization in the English National Health Service (NHS) and this has encouraged greater public sector entrepreneurialism (PSE). We advance this argument by examining the meaning and experience of corporatization in this sector, illustrating our argument with qualitative data from a specialist hospital at the forefront of this trend. We demonstrate how the policy and practice of corporatization is entangled with increased commercialism and how this shapes more entrepreneurial conduct from staff. Framed in terms of the recursive relationship between organizational dynamics and individual behaviors, we focus empirically upon the shifting epistemic boundaries associated with increased corporatization, describing the dissonant effects of these shifts upon individuals, their attempts to compartmentalize, and the ethical dilemmas that result. Through this case we draw conclusions about the emerging impact of corporatization, commercialization, and public sector entrepreneurialism across public services.