bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of hospitalization, technique failure, and death with increased training duration in 3‐days‐a‐week home hemodialysis
Authors: Morin Catherine , Gionest Isabelle , Laurin Louis‐Philippe , Goupil Rémi , Nadeau‐Fredette Annie‐Claire 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionQuality training is a core component of successful home hemodialysis (HHD) and training duration varies significantly between dialysis centers as well as at the patient level. This study aimed to assess the adverse outcomes associated with HHD training duration.MethodsAll HHD patients successfully trained in a single dialysis center between January 2005 and July 2017 were included. A multivariable multiple‐events (Andersen‐Gill) survival model was built to evaluate the association between training time and main adverse events, including hospitalizations, technique failure, and death on HHD. Potential confounding factors were defined a priori (age, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and year of training start). Adjusted risk of vascular interventions (arteriovenous fistula angioplasties and central venous catheter replacements) was assessed as the secondary outcome in a negative binomial regression.FindingsForty‐eight patients were included in the study. Median HHD training duration was 86 (67–108) days, using a thrice weekly training schedule. Over a follow‐up median time of 2.0 (0.7–3.3) years, three patients died while on HHD, 10 had a definitive transfer to HD, and 18 experienced a least 1 hospitalization (38 hospitalizations in total). Training duration was associated with a higher risk of hospitalization, technique failure, and death in unadjusted (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16 per month, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.24) and adjusted multiple events model (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.43). Risk of vascular access intervention was also significantly higher with increased training time (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.64, per training month).DiscussionIn this single‐center observational study, HHD training duration was associated with a higher risk of adverse events including, death, technique failure, hospitalizations, and vascular access intervention. Enhanced clinical follow‐up and home support should be offered to these more vulnerable patients to mitigate this heightened risk.
Improvement of high‐temperature stability of PIP SiCf/SiC material through in situ grown BNNTs
Authors: Xu Shenwei , Pi Huiling , Wu Pengfei , Huang Xiaozhong , Shi Yuan , Li Longbiao , Yang Haitang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of in situ grown boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and preparation temperature on mechanical behavior of PIP (Precursor Infiltration and Pyrolysis) SiCf/SiC minicomposites under monotonic and compliance tensile is investigated. In situ BNNTs are grown on the surface of SiC fibers using ball milling–annealing process. Composite elastic modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, tangent modulus, and loading/unloading inverse tangent modulus (ITM) are obtained and adopted to characterize the mechanical properties of the composites. Microstructures of in situ grown BNNTs and tensile fracture surfaces are observed under scanning electronic microscopic (SEM). For SiCf/SiC minicomposites with BNNTs, the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and fracture strain are all lower than those of SiCf/SiC minicomposites without BNNTs, mainly due to high preparation temperature and the oxidation of the PyC interphase during the annealing process. Tensile stress–strain curves of SiCf/SiC minicomposites with and without BNNTs are predicted using the developed micromechanical constitutive model. The predicted results agreed with experimental data. This work will provide guidance for predicting the service life of SiCf/SiC composite materials and may enable these materials to become a backbone for thermal structure systems in aerospace applications.
CXCL12/CXCR4 facilitates perineural invasion via induction of the Twist/S100A4 axis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zheng Min , Dai Li , Zhang Wei‐long , Fan Hua‐yang , Yu Xiang‐hua , Pang Xin , Liao Peng , Chen Bing‐jun , Wang Sha‐sha , Cao Ming‐xin , Ma Xiang‐rui , Liang Xin‐hua , Tang Ya‐ling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe activation of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis participated in the progression of multiple cancers, but potential effect in terms of perineural invasion (PNI) in SACC remained ambiguous. In this study, we identified that CXCL12 substantially expressed in nerve cells. CXCR4 strikingly expressed in tumour cells, and CXCR4 expression was closely associated with the level of EMT‐associated proteins and Schwann cell hallmarks at nerve invasion frontier in SACC. Activation of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis could promote PNI and up‐regulate relative genes of EMT and Schwann cell hallmarks both in vitro and in vivo, which could be inhibited by Twist silence. After overexpressing S100A4, the impaired PNI ability of SACC cells induced by Twist knockdown was significantly reversed, and pseudo foot was visualized frequently. Collectively, the results indicated that CXCL12/CXCR4 might promote PNI by provoking the tumour cell to differentiate towards Schwann‐like cell through Twist/S100A4 axis in SACC.
Nondestructive detection of lead content in oilseed rape leaves based on MRF‐HHO‐SVR and hyperspectral technology
Authors: Cao Yan , Sun Jun , Yao Kunshan , Xu Min , Tang Ningqiu , Zhou Xin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLead (Pb) pollution poses a huge threat to environmental quality and food safety. Eating products made by excessive Pb contaminated oilseed rape can seriously harm human health. To detect Pb content in rape leaves more accurately, a method based on visible‐near infrared (400.68–1000.61 nm) hyperspectral technology was studied. First, the first derivative was used to pretreat the original spectral data. To reduce the number of iterations and the randomness of variable selection, the random frog (RF) algorithm was improved and named modified random frog (MRF). Then, the characteristic wavelengths were selected by MRF and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), respectively, and support vector regression (SVR) model was established to predict the Pb content in rape. MRF was determined as the best feature selection algorithm. Finally, Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO) was used to optimize SVR and the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the prediction set were 0.9431 and 0.1645 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the combination of hyperspectral technology and the optimal model (MRF‐HHO‐SVR) is feasible for nondestructive detection of Pb content in rape leaves.Practical applicationsIn recent years, the development of mineral resources has caused more and more serious pollution of heavy metals in the soil. The problem of lead pollution is particularly prominent, and various crops have been polluted to varying degrees. The physiological indicators and nutrient content of Pb contaminated oilseed rape have obvious changes. Excessive consumption of lead contaminated rape products can be hazardous to human health. A method for detecting lead content in rape leaves based on hyperspectral technology was studied in this article. The results show that the hyperspectral technology could be used for the accurate and nondestructive determination of lead content in rape leaves, which provides a new method and idea for the detection of lead content in crops.
Money and Costly Credit
Authors: DONG MEI , HUANGFU STELLA 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study an economy in which money and credit serve as a means of payment and the settlement of credit requires money. The model extends recent developments in microfounded monetary theory to address the choice of payment methods and the effects of inflation. Whether a buyer uses money or credit depends on the fixed cost of credit and the inflation rate. In particular, inflation not only makes money less valuable, but also makes credit more expensive because of the delayed settlement. The model predicts that either very low inflation or very high inflation hampers the use of credit.
Determination of Health Literacy in Different Generations
Authors: Muslu Leyla , Sarvan Sureyya , Oncel Selma , Ugur Emine 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe development of health literacy (HL) is critical in reducing lifestyle‐related diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of HL and related variables among members of Generations X and Z.METHODSThis study was a descriptive survey conducted in the city of Antalya, Turkey. Participants were 350 Generation Z students and 150 Generation X parents. We created a personal data form for both students and parents, and used the Secondary Education HL Scale and Adult HL Scale for data collection.RESULTSThe average HL score of Generation Z was 20.98 ± 6.19 and that of Generation X 17.38 ± 3.54. The HL levels of 75% of the Generation Z were low to marginal and those of 33.1% of the Generation X were below average.CONCLUSIONSMore than half of the Generation Z students and about one‐third of Generation X parents were found to have low HL. Health professionals and nurses can give direction to the different generations to improve overall HL.
Variability of sleep stage scoring in late midlife and early old age
Authors: Chylinski Daphne , Berthomier Christian , Lambot Eric , Frenette Sonia , Brandewinder Marie , Carrier Julie , Vandewalle Gilles , Muto Vincenzo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSleep stage scoring can lead to important inter‐expert variability. Although likely, whether this issue is amplified in older populations, which show alterations of sleep electrophysiology, has not been thoroughly assessed. Algorithms for automatic sleep stage scoring may appear ideal to eliminate inter‐expert variability. Yet, variability between human experts and algorithm sleep stage scoring in healthy older individuals has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to compare stage scoring of older individuals and hypothesized that variability, whether between experts or considering the algorithm, would be higher than usually reported in the literature. Twenty cognitively normal and healthy late midlife individuals’ (61 ± 5 years; 10 women) night‐time sleep recordings were scored by two experts from different research centres and one algorithm. We computed agreements for the entire night (percentage and Cohen's κ) and each sleep stage. Whole‐night pairwise agreements were relatively low and ranged from 67% to 78% (κ, 0.54–0.67). Sensitivity across pairs of scorers proved lowest for stages N1 (8.2%–63.4%) and N3 (44.8%–99.3%). Significant differences between experts and/or algorithm were found for total sleep time, sleep efficiency, time spent in N1/N2/N3 and wake after sleep onset (p ≤ 0.005), but not for sleep onset latency, rapid eye movement (REM) and slow‐wave sleep (SWS) duration (N2 + N3). Our results confirm high inter‐expert variability in healthy aging. Consensus appears good for REM and SWS, considered as a whole. It seems more difficult for N3, potentially because human raters adapt their interpretation according to overall changes in sleep characteristics. Although the algorithm does not substantially reduce variability, it would favour time‐efficient standardization.
Cotton GhSSI2 isoforms from the stearoyl acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase family regulate Verticillium wilt resistance
Authors: Mo Shaojing , Zhang Yan , Wang Xingfen , Yang Jun , Sun Zhengwen , Zhang Dongmei , Chen Bin , Wang Guoning , Ke Huifeng , Liu Zhengwen , Meng Chengsheng , Li Zhikun , Wu Liqiang , Zhang Guiyin , Duan Huijun , Ma Zhiying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLipids are major and essential constituents of plant cells and provide energy for various metabolic processes. However, the function of the lipid signal in defence against Verticillium dahliae, a hemibiotrophic pathogen, remains unknown. Here, we characterized 19 conserved stearoyl‐ACP desaturase family proteins from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). We further confirmed that GhSSI2 isoforms, including GhSSI2‐A, GhSSI2‐B, and GhSSI2‐C located on chromosomes A10, D10, and A12, respectively, played a dominant role to the cotton 18:1 (oleic acid) pool. Suppressing the expression of GhSSI2s reduced the 18:1 level, which autoactivated the hypersensitive response (HR) and enhanced cotton Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt resistance. We found that low 18:1 levels induced phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase‐mediated salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and activated a SA‐independent defence response in GhSSI2s‐silenced cotton, whereas suppressing expression of GhSSI2s affected PDF1.2‐dependent jasmonic acid (JA) perception but not the biosynthesis and signalling cascade of JA. Further investigation showed that structurally divergent resistance‐related genes and nitric oxide (NO) signal were activated in GhSSI2s‐silenced cotton. Taken together, these results indicate that SA‐independent defence response, multiple resistance‐related proteins, and elevated NO level play an important role in GhSSI2s‐regulated Verticillium wilt resistance. These findings broaden our knowledge regarding the lipid signal in disease resistance and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of cotton fungal disease resistance.
Health science knowledge translation: Critical appraisal of online physical activity promotion material
Authors: Thomas Jafrā D. , Cardinal Bradley J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLimited research exists on how often health behavior theory concepts, principles, and techniques are embedded in the design of material to promote physical activity and exercise, such as persuasive communications disseminated via the Internet. This cross‐sectional study examined 139 web articles on physical activity and exercise. We assessed how often article messages targeted recommended motivational determinants of health behavior: that is, outcome expectancy, self‐efficacy, and self‐regulation. Moreover, exploratory analyses were performed, which compared patterns in article messages by organization type. Results showed the largest categories were other messages and self‐efficacy, each representing nearly one‐third of article messages. The frequency that article messages targeted motivational determinants of physical activity and exercise differed by organization type. Our results suggest web articles that could promote physical activity and exercise motivation exist; however, they can be better constructed to meet the needs of people. For example, over half of article messages targeted a recommended motivational determinant, but the least targeted determinant was self‐regulation. We present steps nurse educators and clinicians may take to improve the design or selection of physical activity and exercise promotion material.
Pith‐specific lignification in Nicotiana attenuata as a defense against a stem‐boring herbivore
Authors: Joo Youngsung , Kim Hoon , Kang Moonyoung , Lee Gisuk , Choung Sungjun , Kaur Harleen , Oh Shinyoung , Choi Jun Weon , Ralph John , Baldwin Ian T. , Kim Sang‐Gyu 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Plants have developed tissue‐specific defense strategies in response to various herbivores with different feeding habits. Although defense responses to leaf‐chewing insects have been well studied, little is known about stem‐specific responses, particularly in the pith, to stem‐boring herbivores.

To understand the stem‐specific defense, we first conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata before and after attack by the leaf‐chewing herbivore Manduca sexta and the stem borer Trichobaris mucorea. When the stem‐boring herbivore attacked, lignin‐associated genes were upregulated specifically in the inner parenchymal cells of the stem, the pith; lignin also accumulated highly in the attacked pith. Silencing the lignin biosynthetic gene cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase enhanced the performance of the stem‐boring herbivore but had no effect on the growth of the leaf‐chewing herbivore.

Two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance results revealed that lignified pith contains feruloyltyramine as an unusual lignin component in the cell wall, as a response against stem‐boring herbivore attack. Pith‐specific lignification induced by the stem‐boring herbivore was modulated by both jasmonate and ethylene signaling.

These results suggest that lignin provides a stem‐specific inducible barrier, protecting plants against stem‐boring insects.
Comparing costs and cost‐efficiency of platforms for micronutrient powder (MNP) delivery to children in rural Uganda
Authors: Schott Whitney , Richardson Belinda , Baker Emily , D'Agostino Alexis , Namaste Sorrel , Vosti Stephen A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicronutrient powder (MNP) can reduce iron deficiency in young children, which has been well established in efficacy trials. However, the cost of different delivery platforms has not been determined. We calculated the cost and cost‐efficiency of distributed MNP through community‐based mechanisms and in health facilities in a primarily rural district in Uganda. An endline survey (n = 1072) identified reach and adherence. During the 9‐month pilot, 37,458 (community platform) and 12,390 (facility platform) packets of MNP were distributed. Each packet consisted of 30 MNP sachets. In 2016, total costs were $277,082 (community platform, $0.24/sachet) and $221,568 (facility platform, $0.59/sachet). The cost per child reached was lower in the community platform ($53.24) than the facility platform ($65.97). The cost per child adhering to a protocol was $58.08 (community platform) and $72.69 (facility platform). The estimated cost of scaling up the community platform pilot to the district level over 3 years to cover approximately 17,890 children was $1.23 million (scale‐up integrated into a partner agency program) to $1.62 million (government scale‐up scenario). Unlike previous estimates, these included opportunity costs. Community‐based MNP delivery costs were greater, yet more cost‐efficient per child reached and adhering to protocol than facility‐based delivery. However, total costs for untargeted MNP delivery under program settings are potentially prohibitive.
Speckle‐tracking echocardiography can predict atrial fibrillation in patients with supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Eren Hayati , Acar Rezzan Deniz , Demir Serdar , Omar Muhammed Bahadır , Öcal Lütfi , kalkan Mehmet Emin , Cerşit Sinan , Akçakoyun Mustafa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeAtrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) is the most common supraventriculer arrhythmia in daily clinical practice. Comorbidity of AVNRT and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been well documented in some patients and AF development has been observed more frequently in AVNRT patients during their long‐term follow‐up. This study was conducted in order to investigate the left atrial two‐dimensional‐speckle‐tracking echocardiographic (STE) parametres as the predictors of the occurence of AF in long‐term follow‐up in patients with spontaneously developed AF during AVNRT ablation.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty two consecutive AVNRT patients who developed spontaneous AF during ablation procedure were included in the study. The patients were followed up for a mean follow‐up period of 6.2 ± 2.1 years. All patients were evaluated using the 2D‐STE method. AF was developed in 34 patients during the follow‐up period. Cox regression analysis was performed in order to identify the independent predictors of AF occurence.ResultsLeft atrial LA‐res, LA‐pump, LA‐SRs, LA‐SRe, and LA‐SRa values were found to be significantly decreased in the group of patients that developed AF during the follow‐up period (p < .001 for all aforementioned values). Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that LA‐res (hazard ratio [HR], 0.367; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.161–0.0.683, p < .001) and SRe (HR, 0.472; 95% CI, 0.346–0.825, p = .006) were independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of AF.ConclusionIn conclusion, it was demonstrated for the first time with this study that 2D‐STE can effectively predict the development of AF in long‐term follow‐up in patients with spontaneously developed AF during AVNRT ablation.
Computational fluid dynamics confirms drag reduction associated with trilobite queuing behaviour
Authors: Song Hanchen , Song Haijun , Rahman Imran A. , Chu Daoliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQueuing behaviour has been documented in marine arthropods from Cambrian to modern oceans. It was previously hypothesized that this behaviour provided energy savings through hydrodynamic drafting, with trilobites in following positions hypothesized to produce less drag than those leading. In this study, we evaluate the hydrodynamics of queuing behaviour in the Devonian trilobite Trimerocephalus chopini using computational fluid dynamics. The results show that the drag forces of the trilobites following in the queue were substantially lower than those produced by the leader (˜65–79% lower at velocities of 0.5–2 cm s−1). Drag reduction was positively correlated with the movement speed of the trilobites, but decreased with increasing distance from the leader, and there was essentially no drag reduction at all for the first following trilobite when the following distance was greater than about six times its body length. This agrees with fossil evidence preserving trilobites in queues in close proximity to each other. The results also show that drag reduction was still significant (˜86.8% at 2 cm s−1) even for the longest queues preserved in the fossil record. Our findings support the hypothesis that the queuing behaviour of trilobites was an adaptation for reducing hydrodynamic drag. This drag reduction effect compensated for the energy cost of movement, which would have been particularly advantageous during migration.
Retracted: Experience of cases with inhaled nitric oxide and therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Fukuda Sayaka , Nabetani Makoto , Goldman Ran D. , Shinomoto Tadashi , Kobata Keisuke , Yutaka Nanae , Sano Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeonates with hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on therapeutic hypothermia (TH) therapy may show persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). In Japan, the reported mortality rate is lower than in the US, possibly due to treatment differences of newborns with moderate to severe HIE and PPHN. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and long‐term outcomes of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and TH therapy in newborns with moderate to severe HIE and PPHN.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of neonates with moderate to severe HIE that were treated with TH from 2008 to 2017 at a large medical center in Japan. We documented their long‐term neurological prognosis, measuring their developmental and Gross Motor Function Classification System level at 18 months old.ResultsA total of 37 neonates with moderate to severe HIE underwent TH therapy and six of them were started with iNO therapy for PPHN. iNO with TH was safely administered to all six newborns with moderate to severe HIE with PPHN. In two neonates TH was discontinued because of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and severe hypotension. Neurological outcomes were similar in newborns who were treated with iNO and TH and those who were treated with TH alone.ConclusionThese initial findings suggest that monitoring hematological and cardiovascular status is important with iNO for severe asphyxia in infants with PPHN. Safer and more feasible protocols are needed for when iNO and TH therapy are administered together.