bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shellfishers’ Knowledge in Western Iberia: The Case Study of Edible Cockle (Cerastoderma Edule) In the Ria de Aveiro Lagoon
Authors: Braga Heitor Oliveira , Azeiteiro Ulisses Miranda , Magalhães Luísa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCockles are an essential biological resource for several fishing villages in Europe, especially in Portugal. This bivalve is highly commercialized in the Aveiro coastal lagoon and has relevant socio-economic importance for local shellfishers. In the absence of a management plan, indications for carrying out new ecological studies on the cockle, and all the aggregated history of this natural resource in the Ria de Aveiro, sharing the ethnobiological knowledge of shellfishers becomes relevant in this scenario. We shared the highlights of local ecological knowledge (LEK) about the cockle (C. edule) in the Ria de Aveiro in favor of the adaptive management of this bioresource. MethodsRia de Aveiro is an ecologically prominent area in Europe due to its faunal biodiversity. Semi-structured interviews with sixty shellfishers in this coastal lagoon were carried out during April and May 2021. LEK data on the biology and ecology of the cockle (C. edule) were analyzed using an ethical-emic approach and the model of integration of different individual skills. These informal data were compared with previously published data for the species, the Fish Base, and GBIF databases. Interviews were categorized and analyzed using the Microsoft 365 MSO.Results and Discussion Five cockle capture tools were used in the traditional fishing of this bivalve in the Ria de Aveiro. The average minimum size of the cockle for capture was 23.4 mm, and the average capture per tide was 137.12 kg. The areas with the highest productivity and the most shellfish were RIAV1 and RIAV2. The habitat of the cockle is usually areas of sand and mud to an average depth of 2.71 cm. Feeds mainly small particles, plankton, mud, and algae. The main predators were crabs, European plaice, and bird species. Cockles spawn primarily in late spring and summer. As of 2010, there was a slight decrease in cockle stocks in the Ria de Aveiro due to overfishing, increased rainfall, and changes in the sediment. Shellfishers shared informal ecological and biological data often compared to previously published data for the species. Deeply considering and analyzing this knowledge is essential for a better understanding of the environmental context in the view of users of the natural resource in the Ria de Aveiro. ConclusionInformal data shared by shellfishers in the Ria de Aveiro were typical of filter-feeding bivalve mollusks. LEK may assist in planning future management plans for cockles, and unrefuted data may serve as untestable hypotheses. Understanding how fishers exploit the natural resource in the ecosystem can clarify and shape more adaptive socio-ecological actions. Ethnobiological studies in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon with other species may contribute to better management of this system since multiple fisheries are carried out in this coastal area.
Smartphone-Based Paper Microfluidic Detection of Paraquat Mediated by Citrate-Capped Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Srit Navaporn , Kongpreecha Pakawat , Yoon Jeong-Yeol , Siri Sineenat 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Paraquat has been widely used in agriculture due to its efficient herbicidal activity. However, its remaining residues in the environment have caused eco-toxicity to live organisms and humans. Therefore, a portable and sensitive sensing system is required for field-monitoring paraquat towards eco-friendly usage. Toward this goal, citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on a microfluidic paper analytic device (µPAD) were used to detect paraquat, accompanied by smartphone detection. Capillary action through paper fibers enabled the distribution of pre-loaded AgNPs across paper microfluidic channels and allowed rapid citrate-paraquat binding, which led to rapid, reproducible, and sensitive detection of paraquat. Full extents of color changes were recorded within 1 min using a smartphone camera, using only 2 µL samples. The assay's linear range was from 2.5 to 20 ppm, and the limit of detection was 2.3 ppm (8.94 µM) paraquat. Successful selectivity was also demonstrated using several different ions and herbicides, without substantial non-specific aggregation. Moreover, paraquat was further assayed with co-existing ions and field water samples, with satisfactory analytical recoveries of 95−117%, demonstrating its potential application towards on-site and field-ready assay of paraquat.
Fabrication and Characterization of Resistance Temperature Detector By Smart Mask Design
Authors: LÖK Ramazan , KARACALI Huseyın , VAROL Alı , CAMLI Ugur , YILMAZ Ercan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to give detailed information about fabrication and characterization of resistance temperature detector by smart mask design. The effects of annealing on both structural and electrical properties were investigated. Changes in micro strain, lattice parameter and grain size values were observed by means of annealing. It has been shown that the structural changes cause a decrease in resistivity and sheet resistance values. Thousands of sensors can be fabricated according to the substrate size of thin film RTD produced. It is almost impossible to fabricated thousands of sensors with the same resistance value. But by the agency of the smart mask design proposed in this study, it is possible to adjust each RTD to the same resistance value by using the resistance adjustment points. Maximum TCR value was found to be around 3.84x103 ppm/0C. This value is very close to the standard TCR value 3.85x103 ppm/0C used for industrial applications.
Bacterial Aerosol, Particulate Matter And Microclimatic Parameters In The Horse Stables In Poland
Authors: Grzyb Jacek , Podstawski Zenon , Bulski Karol 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Keeping horses in good condition requires providing them with living conditions that meet welfare requirements. These animals should be accommodated with suitable space, access to high nutritional fodder and water as well as a suitable microclimate in their shelters. When it comes to the environment in the stables, a serious problem is created by particulate matter (PM), that consists bacteria. High PM concentration may be responsible for developing multiple upper respiratory tract diseases in horses, including allergies and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). In turn, these ailments may lead to decreasing equine physical and mental fitness. Additionally, people who spend time in the stables are exposed to the same harmful factors. The study was conducted in Udórz Stud Farm located in the southern region of Poland. The study was carried out in 2 different types of stables: 3 runners and 2 box stables. The research continued for 2 years and the samples were collected in each season. The bioaerosol samples were collected using a six-stage Andersen-Graseby cascade impactor to assess size distribution and concentrations of airborne bacteria. PM concentration was analyzed using the DustTrak™ II Aerosol Monitor 8530, while microclimate parameters were measured using the Kestrel 5000 Weather Meter. There are almost no studies concerning size distribution of airborne bacteria, individual PM factions and the impact of everyday handling on the changes in the bioaerosol and PM concentration. This preliminary study provided basic information on this subject. We have revealed a strong correlation between high PM and bacterial aerosol concentrations. Higher contamination levels were recorded in runners, as compared to box stables. The highest bacterial aerosol level was detected in the spring. The analysis of the fractions of the bacterial aerosol in the stables indicated the highest share of ultra-fine fraction (0.65–2.1), while respirable fraction (below 4.7 µm) exceeded 75%. It was established that the concentration of the bacterial aerosol inside the stables was many times higher than outside. It depended significantly on everyday activities undertaken in the stables, like feeding or cleaning. Taking the above into account, a different cleaning system should be developed (a wet cleaning system) and excrement should be removed more frequently.
Inline monitoring of high cell density cultivation of Scenedesmus rubescens in a mesh ultra-thin layer photobioreactor by Photon Density Wave spectroscopy
Authors: Sandmann Michael , Münzberg Marvin , Bressel Lena , Reich Oliver , Hass Roland 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
Due to multiple light scattering that occurs inside and between cells, quantitative optical spectroscopy in turbid biological suspensions is still a major challenge. This includes also optical in-line determination of biomass in bioprocessing. Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy, a technique based on multiple light scattering, enables the independent and absolute determination of optical key parameters of concentrated cell suspensions, which allow to determine biomass during cultivation.
Results
A unique reactor type, called “mesh ultra-thin layer PBR” was used to create a highly concentrated algal suspension. PDW spectroscopy measurements were carried out continuously in the reactor without any need of sampling or sample preparation, over 3 weeks, and with 10-minutes time resolution. Conventional dry matter content and coulter counter measurements have been employed as established off-line reference analysis. The PBR allowed peak cell dry weight (CDW) of 33.4 g L−1. It is shown that the reduced scattering coefficient determined by PDW spectroscopy is strongly correlated with the biomass concentration in suspension and is thus suitable for process understanding. The reactor in combination with the fiber-optical measurement approach will lead to a better process management.
User-Centered Design and Spatially-Distributed Sequential Electrical Stimulation in Cycling for Individuals with Paraplegia
Authors: Baptista Roberto , Moreira Marina C. C. , Pinheiro Lucas D. M. , Pereira Tiago R , Carmona Gabriel G. , Freire Joao P. D. , Bastos Julia A. I. , Bo Antonio P. L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background In this work, we share the enhancements made in our system to take part in the 2020 Cybathlon Global Edition Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES) Bike Race. The main improvements were: first, an overhaul of the system and user interface developed with User-Centered Design principles with remote access to enable telerehabilitation. Second, the implementation and experimental comparison between the traditional single electrode stimulation (SES) and spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS) applied for FES Cycling. Methods We report on the main aspects of the developed system. To evaluate the user perception of the system, we applied a System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. In comparing SDSS and SES, we collected data from one subject in four sessions, each simulating one race in the Cybathlon format.Results User perception measured with SUS indicates a positive outcome in the developed system. The SDSS trials were superior in absolute and average values to SES regarding total distance covered and velocity. We successfully competed in the Cybathlon 2020 Global Edition, finishing in 6th position in the FES Bike Race category. Conclusions The Cybathlon format induced us to put the end-user in the center of our system design principle, which was well perceived. However, further improvements are required if the intention is to progress to a commercial product. The SDSS trials were superior in absolute and average values compared to SES, indicating that this technique enhances the performance of FES Cycling systems. Although, more extensive studies are required to assess these aspects.
The Expression of MMP-2 on the Pressure Side During Tooth Movement
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Qiuqiu , Luo Fuxiang , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To explore the effects of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) on the development of orthodontic root resorption in rats and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of root resorption in clinical diagnosis.Methods: Thirty-five 6-8-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, each with 5 rats weighing approximately 200 g±20 g. An orthodontic traction device was applied between the right first molar and the maxillary incisor in the experimental rats, and a mesial tractive force of 60 g was applied. Five rats were used for the control group without orthodontic applications. After 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days, the maxillae were abducted, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. We used hematoxylin eosin staining to observe root resorption. The expression of MMP-2 was also assessed by immunohistochemical staining. SPSS17.0 statistical software was used to process the data.Results: Forcing 3 d was observed in the formation of bone resorption lacunae, which were confined to the cementum. After that, it becomes more serious. The most serious damage in 7 days. In 14 d, root absorption was relieved, and osteogenic cells aggregated at the root absorption site. Root resorption lacuna visible dentin repair phenomenon. With the extension of the force application time, the expression of MMP-2 was raised gradually, reached the peak at 7 d, and then gradually declined, 21d tends to be stable, but still stronger than controls.Conclusion: MMP-2 is involved in the metabolism of extracellular matrix in the process of root absorption.
A Catchment Scale Assessment of Water Balance Components: A Case Study of Chittar Catchment in South India
Authors: Pandi Dinagarapandi , Kothandaraman Saravanan , Kasiviswanathan K S , Kuppusamy Mohan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Analyzing the Water Balance Components (WBCs) of catchment help in assessing the water resources for their sustainable management and development. This paper used Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model mainly to analyze the variation in the WBCs through the change in the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) and meteorological variables. For this purpose, the model used the inputs of LULC and meteorological variables between the year 2001-2020 at five year and daily time interval respectively from the Chittar river catchment. The developed models were evaluated using SWAT-CUP split-up procedure (pre-calibration and post-calibration). The model was found to be good in calibration and validation, yielding the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.94 and 0.81 respectively. Furthermore, WBCs of the catchment were estimated for the near future (2021 - 2030) at monthly and annual scale. For this endeavour, LULC was forecasted for the year 2021 and 2026 using Celluar Automata (CA)-ANN and for the same period meteorological variables were also forecasted using the smoothing moving average method from the historical data.
Automatic mapping of multiplexed social receptive fields by deep learning and GPU-accelerated 3D videography
Authors: Ebbesen Christian , Froemke Robert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Social interactions powerfully impact the brain and the body, but high-resolution descriptions of these important physical interactions are lacking. Currently, most studies rely on labor-intensive methods such as manual annotation. Scalable and objective tracking methods are required to understand the neural circuits underlying social behavior. Here we describe a hardware/software system and analysis pipeline that combines 3D videography, deep learning, physical modeling, and GPU-accelerated robust optimization, with automatic analysis of neuronal receptive fields recorded in interacting mice. Our system is capable of fully automatic multi-animal tracking with minimal errors (including in complete darkness) during complex, spontaneous social encounters, together with simultaneous electrophysiological recordings. We capture posture dynamics of multiple unmarked mice with high spatiotemporal precision (~2 mm, 60 frames/s). A generative model revealed the multiplexed ‘social receptive field’ of neurons in barrel cortex. This approach could be broadly useful for neurobehavioral studies of multiple animals interacting in complex low-light environments.
Eperience of ankle arthroscopy in the treatment of Herscovici B.C type medial malleolus fracture
Authors: Jun-Zhong Yang , Cheng-Lin Wang , Jun Zhang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Ankle fracture is one of the most common intra-articular fractures, which accounts for about 3.9% of adult systemic fractures. For displaced and unstable ankle fractures, the traditional treatment method is open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF).However,the incidence of postoperative complications ORIF is as high as 36%,So.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ankle arthroscopy in the treatment of Herscovici B.C medial malleolus fractures.Methods: From July 2018 to October 2020, 21 patients with Herscovici B.C type medial malleolus fractures (16 males and 5 females, with an average age of 37.2 years, ranging from 28 to 56 years) underwent closed reduction and internal fixation under ankle arthroscopy. During the follow-up period, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) were used to evaluate the curative effect.Results: All the 21 patients were followed up for 8 ~ 15months, with an average of 12.5 months. the average VAS scores on the 3rd and 2nd week after surgery were 2.6 (range, 2-3) and 1.5 (range, 1-2), the average AOFAS ankle scores at the 6 months and 1 year were 80.2 ( Range, 76-84) and 92.9 (range, 88-98). The wounds of all patients reached stage I healing, and no wound infection was reported. 1 case of superficial peroneal nerve injury was found. Medial malleolus fractures achieved bone union time was 8-12 weeks, with an average of 10.5 weeks. Conclusion: Closed reduction and internal fixation under ankle arthroscopy for the treatment of Herscovici B.C medial malleolus fractures, with less damage, reducing local blood supply damage to the fracture, and facilitating the healing of the fractured end, as well as the reduction of wound infection rate, and is conducive to the recovery and exercise of early ankle joint function.
Callistemon Citrinus (Curtis) Skeels as A Source of Antitubercular Compounds
Authors: Bunalema Lydia , Fotso Ghislain Wabo , Waako Paul , Yeboah Samuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a principal cause of death in the world. There is considerable emphasis for search of novel drugs against TB due to increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance and co infection with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that are challenging to treat. Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) skeels is one of the medicinal plants that are used in treatment of tuberculosis by local communities in Uganda. Though crude extracts from the plant have shown antimycobacterial activity in-vitro, the specific phytochemicals responsible for this activity are not known. The study aimed at isolating and characterizing compounds from C. citrinus and testing the compounds on different strains of M. tuberculosis. Methods: Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were used for isolation and characterization of pure compounds, while Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) was used to determine its efficacy on sensitive and resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Results: Betulinic acid, ursolic acid and epicatechin were isolated from C. citrinus. Epicatechin had minimum inhibitory concentration values of 3.4 μg/ml, 5.9 μg/ml and 3.9 μg/ml on the pan sensitive, rifampicin resistant and isoniazid resistant strains respectively. Betulinic acid and ursolic acid had MIC values of 29.3 μg/ml and 30.1 μg/ml respectively on the pan sensitive strain. Conclusion: Our results substantiate the use of C. citrinus in traditional medicine for treatment of tuberculosis and this activity is related to presence of ursolic acid, betulinic acid and epicatechin.
Notum Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Via Shh/p-GSK3β/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Yang Panpan , Li Congshan , Zhou Qin , Zhang Xiaoqi , Kou Yuying , Feng Qiushi , Wang He , Su Rongjian , Liu Hongrui , Hasegawa Tomoka , Li Minqi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck, accounting for more than 90% of oral and maxillofacial malignancies. Therefore, it is of great importance to explore the key factors regulating OSCC. Notum belongs to the α/β hydrolase family and is a deacylated extracellular protein that regulates Wnt and other signaling pathways. Studies have found that Notum participates in the progression of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma and targeting Notum can regulate the occurrence of cancer. However, the relationship between Notum and OSCC is currently unclear. This study aims to explore the role of Notum in regulating OSCC and its specific mechanism. Methods: Nine OSCC tissue sections were selected for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for PCNA and Notum. Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the correlation between OSCC and Notum expression. CCK8, Western blot, RT-PCR, scratch experiment, transwell, clone formation, flow cytometry, cellular immunofluorescence and in vivo nude mouse tumor formation methods were applied to OSCC cells treated with Notum human recombinant protein, a Notum overexpression plasmid, and a Notum small interfering RNA to explore the mechanism of Notum in regulating OSCC. Results: The results of immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analysis showed that Notum was highly expressed in OSCC tissues. Notum human recombinant protein promoted the proliferation and migration of Cal-27 and SCC-15 cells; overexpression of Notum promoted the proliferation and migration of Cal-27 and SCC-15 cells; si-Notum can significantly inhibit proliferation and migration of Cal-27 and SCC-15 cells and promote their apoptosis. Western blot and RT-PCR results showed that si-Notum can inhibit the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In addition, Notum human recombinant protein can increase the phosphorylation level of GSK3β and promote the expression of β-catenin, thereby further regulating the biological behavior of OSCC.Conclusions: Notum regulates the proliferation and migration of OSCC through Shh/p-GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Notum maybe an effective targets for the treatment of OSCC.
ISO 10993 Biological Evaluation of Novel Hemostatic Powder – 4SEAL®
Authors: Szymanski Lukasz , Golaszewska Kamila , Wiatrowska Anna , Dropik Monika , Szymanski Pawel , Krakowiak Patrycja , Wierzchowska Justyna , Matak Damian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background:Hemostasis plays a crucial role during every surgery allowing for a bloodless operating field. Fast and effective surgery leads to a reduced risk of postoperative complications. One of the latest method for achieving homeostasis is the use of natural polysaccharide-based hemostatic powders. The study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility according to the ISO 10993 standards of 4SEAL® Hemostatic powder.Methods:Chemical characterization (Headspace GC-MS, GC-MS, and ICP-MS), cytotoxicity, genotoxicity (MLA and AMES), endotoxin contamination, sensitization potential, intracutaneous reactivity, acute and subacute systemic toxicity with implantation, and pyrogenicity were evaluated to investigate the biocompatibility of the 4SEAL® Hemostatic powder. Studies were conducted according to ISO 10993 standards.Results:The biocompatibility requirements with accordance to ISO 10993-1 for 4SEAL® Hemostatic powder were met.Conclusions:4SEAL® Hemostatic powder is a promising new hemostatic agent with a wide range of potential applications and excellent biocompatibility.