bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term Diet Patterns Associated with MMSE Scores in Filipino Women
Authors: BORJA JUDITH RAFAELITA , DUAZO PAULITA , CINCO MARILYN , ADAIR LINDA 
Published: June 2021

The role of diet in cognitive health has increasingly gained interest in recent years, with studies showing the protective effects of antioxidants and B‐vitamins against memory loss. The influence of fish consumption on cognition remains unclear. Age‐related cognitive decline is likely to gradually manifest over time and any association with diet may be best explained by looking at long‐term intakes. In this paper we examine long‐term diet patterns and their influence on Mini‐Mental Health Examination (MMSE) scores in 1408 Filipino women aged 43‐75 (22% 蠅 60) using data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Data from 24‐hr food recalls collected in 7 time points between 1983 and 2005 were used to define diet patterns. Mean (SD) score for the 30‐item MMSE was 23 (4.1) with significantly lower scores in women 蠅 60 (57% in this age group are classified as cognitively impaired). Multivariable regression models adjusted for age, education, socioeconomic status, urbanicity, BMI, energy, and intake levels in other food groups showed that long‐term high consumption of green vegetables was positively associated with MMSE [β=0.68, p<0.05]. Long‐term high seafood consumption was negatively associated with MMSE [β=‐0.68, p<0.05]. Findings from this community‐based study reveal potentials for diet‐based interventions for improving cognitive health.NIH Grant No. 5R01AG039443
One in Every Five Women Misperceived Body Mass in a Sample of Young Adult and Mid‐Life Women Enrolled in a Weight Gain Prevention Intervention
Authors: Metzgar Catherine , Nickols‐Richardson Sharon 
Published: June 2021

Inaccurate perception of body mass may be problematic for normal weight individuals who regard themselves as overweight and for overweight/obese individuals who regard themselves as normal weight. This study explored the prevalence of body mass misperception, or the discrepancy between perceived and actual body mass, in a sample of 81 women [mean±SD age: 31.4±8.2 y, body weight (BW): 76.1±19.0 kg, body mass index (BMI): 27.9±6.8 kg/m2] who enrolled in a 1‐year weight gain prevention study. Women answered the question, “Do you perceive yourself as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese?” Trained investigators measured current BW and standing height of participants; investigators used these values to estimate actual BMI. Body mass misperception was determined by comparing perceived BW classification versus actual BMI category and was recorded as overestimated, underestimated or accurately perceived. Forty‐two percent (n=34) of women were of normal BMI, 30.9% (n=25) were overweight and 27.1% (n=22) were obese; 38.3% (n=31) of women classified themselves as normal weight, 38.3% (n=31) as overweight, and 18.5% (n=15) as obese, while 4.9% (n=4) of women did not answer the question or chose more than one category. Of these 81 women, 77.9% (n=63) accurately perceived, 4.9% (n=4) overestimated and 12.3% (n=10) underestimated BMI (4.9%, n= 4, did not respond). Approximately 1 in every 5 women enrolled in the study misperceived body mass. Such misperception should be further explored as a barrier to appropriate BW control practices or awareness of physical health.Funded by an Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station/National Institute of Food and Agriculture research grant (#1001251).
Effects of Dietary Protein Quantity and Source in Appetite Responses in Energy‐Restricted Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Li Jia , Armstrong Cheryl , Campbell Wayne 
Published: June 2021

Weight loss is pivotal for improving obesity‐related comorbidities. Under ad libitum conditions, high‐protein diets reportedly aid weight loss partially by sustaining satiety. However, it is not clear during energy restriction (ER), how 1) protein quantity across the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) and 2) predominant protein source affect appetitive responses in overweight/obese adults adapted to such diets. In this study, 23F/11M overweight/obese adults (age 蠅21y, BMI 30.8±0.4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to two groups with either lean pork/beef or soy/legume as the predominant protein source (30% total protein). Each subject consumed ER diets (‐750 kcal/d) containing 10%, 20%, or 30% energy from protein for 3 consecutive 4‐wk trials (in random order). At the end of each trial, perceived appetite ratings (fullness, hunger, and desire to eat) were measured using visual analog scales (0‐100mm) under free‐living (days 25‐27, waking hours) and in‐lab (day 28, for 4 hours post‐breakfast consumption) conditions with all foods and breakfast provided, respectively. Neither protein quantity nor predominant protein source affected appetite ratings, with the exception that during the 30% protein trial daily fullness was higher than during the 10% trial (areas under the curve: 638±45 vs. 582±43 mm*13h, P<0.05). Our results suggest that protein quantity within the AMDR, regardless of predominant source, has a minimal impact on daily and meal‐specific appetite during weight loss.Support: National Cattleman's Beef Assoc.; National Pork Board; NIH UL1TR001108.
Obesity and Mortality among Chinese HBV Carriers
Authors: Lin Wen‐Yuan , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Davidson Lance , Huang Kuo‐Chin 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVESBoth obesity and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increase the risk of death. Little information reported the relationship between obesity and the risk of death among HBV carriers in Chinese. We aimed to determine the association between obesity and all‐cause mortality among Chinese HBV carriers.METHODSWe prospectively examined the association between obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) and the risk of death among 20,011 adult HBV carriers in Taiwan. Cox regression analyses were used for this association.RESULTSDuring the follow‐up period, 671 participants died and 79 of them (11.8%) were liver‐related. The lowest risk of all‐cause death in relation to BMI was observed at a BMI of 23.0 to 24.9 (mean BMI=24.0±0.6kg/m2). Both underweight and general obesity were associated with an increased risk of death.CONCLUSIONSBoth underweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of death. A mean BMI of 24 was observed to relate to the lowest risk for all‐cause death among Chinese HBV carriers.
Effects of Milk Protein Concentrate on Energy Restriction‐Induced Changes in Body Composition and Indices of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Jing , Kim Jung Eun , Campbell Wayne 
Published: June 2021

This study assessed the effects of higher protein intake achieved using milk protein concentrate (MPC) on body composition and metabolic health. We conducted a 20‐wk randomized, double blind study (4‐wk weight maintenance baseline and 16‐wk energy restricted intervention with 750 kcal/d energy deficit) with 44 subjects (12M:32F, age 52 ± 7 y, BMI 30.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2) assigned to either a normal (NP, n=23) or high (HP, n=21) protein diet (0.8 vs. 1.5 g protein•kg‐1 baseline body weight•d‐1). The HP diet had 0.7 g•kg‐1•d‐1 MPC. At weeks 4 and 20, body (DEXA) and muscle (MRI) composition, waist circumference (WC), morning resting blood pressure (BP), 24‐h BP, fasting plasma glucose (Glu), insulin (Ins), triglyceride (TG), LDL‐cholesterol (C), and HDL‐C were assessed. Higher protein intake did not influence changes in these parameters, except BP. 24‐h systolic and diastolic BP decreased in HP (‐5.5 ± 1.9 and ‐3.2 ± 1.1 mmHg), but remained stable in NP (1.3 ± 1.9 and 0.1 ± 1.1 mmHg). The same pattern of changes also occurred in awake (trend for diastolic), sleep and morning BPs. Over time, subjects lost weight (‐8.2 ± 2.9 kg), fat mass (FM) (‐7.0 ± 2.5 kg), FM% (‐4.6 ± 2.1%), lean mass (LM) (‐1.2 ± 1.1 kg), and gained LM% (4.3 ± 2.0%). They also lost thigh intermuscular (IMAT) and subcutaneous (SubQ) adipose tissue areas, (‐1.4 ± 1.0 and ‐22 ± 11 cm2), fat area% (IMAT + SubQ, ‐3.6 ± 1.8%), muscle area (MA, ‐6.8 ± 4.6 cm2), and gained MA% (3.2 ± 1.6%). WC, BP, Glu, Ins, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐ ß, LDL‐C, TG and HDL‐C all improved over time. A MPC‐based higher protein diet supported weight loss‐induced improvements in body composition and indices of metabolic syndrome, and enhanced changes in BP.Support: National Dairy Council, NIH (UL1TR001108), Purdue Ingestive Behavior Research Center.
Urinary sugars excretion as an estimate of sugars intakes is limited in its relationship to cardio‐metabolic risk factors
Authors: Kruimer Devonia , Te Morenga Lisa , Mann Jim 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundConclusive evidence on the role of free sugars intakes in cardio‐metabolic disease development is confounded by bias in self‐reported measures of intake.ObjectiveTo examine associations between urinary sugars excretion as an objective biomarker for free sugars intakes and cardio‐metabolic risk factors.MethodsIn an 8‐wk intervention study, participants consumed different beverages (orange juice, sugar sweetened beverages, diet soft drink, or milk). For the analyses we used data of 41 participants. Linear regression was used to examine urinary sugars excretion against body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and biochemical indicators (CRP, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TAG, insulin, uric acid, AST, and ALT).ResultsUrinary fructose excretion was associated with total cholesterol (B=0.009; p=0.031). Change in urinary sucrose and fructose together was associated with waist circumference (B=0.014; p=0.033). When corrected for baseline measures and sex, the change in urinary sucrose and urinary fructose were not associated with BMI, blood pressure, or percentage body fat, nor was urinary sucrose excretion associated with any of the biochemical indicators. Changes in urinary sugars excretion and self reported values were not associated with treatment (p=0.964 and p=0.536 respectively).ConclusionThe results of this study show no convincing evidence for the change in sugars intakes and the association with cardio‐metabolic risk factors.
Has honey different short‐term metabolic effects than glucose:fructose mixtures? A pilot human study
Authors: Despland Camille , Campos Vanessa , Walther Barbara , Kast Christina , Tappy Luc 
Published: June 2021

A high fructose diet can cause hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic insulin resistance. In this study, we assessed whether honey may have different metabolic effects than an isomolar glucose:fructose mixture due to its polyphenols and antioxidant content.Eight healthy male volunteers were studied in a randomized, crossover design after 7 days on a weight‐maintenance, low fructose diet (control, C), or on isocaloric diets in which 25% complex carbohydrates were substituted with either acacia honey (HON; fructose:glucose ratio = 1.7) or 15.7% fructose and 9.3% glucose (FG). During all three dietary conditions, a day‐long metabolic profile was obtained, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGT) with dual glucose isotope (oral 13C‐ , iv 6,6 2H2 glucose) was performed.Fasting triglyceride concentrations were not different between all three conditions (C:1.08±0.25 mmol/L control; HON:1.06±0.26, FG: 0.97±0.24). Postprandial TG responses were higher with HON and FG than with C, but there was no difference between HON and FG. 2‐hour blood glucose concentration during OGT was C:4.1±0.3 mmol/L, HON: 4.6±0.4, and FG: 4.3±0.3 (NS). Suppression of hepatic glucose output after oral glucose was the same in all three conditions (C: ‐69.9±4.4%, HON: ‐72.5±4.1, FG: ‐65.8±5.9, NS).These results indicate that in young healthy male a) consumption of a weight‐maintenance diet containing 25% energy as honey or as a fructose‐glucose mixture slightly increases postprandial triglyceride, but does not alter glucose tolerance nor suppression of hepatic glucose production, and b) the metabolic effects induced by honey and glucose‐fructose are not significantly different.
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Modified for Diabetes
Authors: Peairs Abigail , Hess Melody , Shah Amy , Couch Sarah 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo utilize a modified DASH diet (mDASH) to minimize glucose variability in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previous testing of a traditional DASH diet resulted in a greater standard deviation (SD) and lability index (LI) compared to a usual diet since the DASH diet had a lower percentage of energy from fat (21% compared to 36% on a usual diet). Thus, we tested a reformulated DASH diet with increased fat (30% of energy), a level which still complies with the American Diabetes Association guidelines for meal planning.Methods: Eleven adolescents with T1D (11‐17y) recruited from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center consumed their usual diet first and then a mDASH diet. Each diet was given for 3 days while wearing a continuous glucose monitor.Results: mDASH was higher in fruits, vegetables, fiber, protein, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin E (all p<0.01), and vitamin C (p=0.02), while lower in sodium (p<0.01) than usual intake. No significant differences in average blood glucose (BG), SD, LI, low BG index, high BG index, or glycemic risk assessment in diabetes equation. Postprandial (PP) glucose indices were lower on mDASH (average BG at 2h PP (p=0.026), and there was a trend for less time spent with BG >140 mg/dL (p=0.10), although also a trend for more time spent <70mg/dL (p=0.078), overall suggesting reduced BG excursions.ConclusionsMinimizing daily BG excursions has long term cardiovascular benefits thus, the mDASH may be useful to reduce cardiovascular risk in this high risk group.Support: Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award, NIH/NCRR Grant # 8UL1TR000077
Maternal Serum Fatty Acids are Positively Associated with Systolic Blood Pressure Changes during Pregnancy: Longitudinal Study.
Authors: Farias Dayana , Rebelo Fernanda , Eshriqui Ilana , Lepsch Jaqueline , Pinto Thatiana , Franco‐Sena Ana , Lima Natália , Kac Gilberto 
Published: June 2021

AimTo evaluate if maternal serum Fatty Acids (FAs) are associated with Systolic (SBP) and Diastolic (DBP) blood pressure changes during pregnancy.MethodsProspective cohort of 225 healthy pregnant women followed at all pregnancy trimesters: 5th‐13th, 20th‐26th and30th‐36th weeks. SBP and DBP (mmHg) were measured twice at each follow‐up visit using an automatic sphygmomanometer (Omron HEM‐742 INT). The mean values at each trimester were used. Blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting. Serum FAs (µg/ml) were evaluated by a high‐throughput robotic direct methylation coupled with fast gas‐liquid chromatography. Longitudinal linear mixed‐effects models were adjusted for gestational age, socio‐economic, demographic, lifestyle, biochemical and anthropometric variables.ResultsWe observed a positive and significant association of total saturated (β=0.004; 95% CI: 0.001‐0.008), monounsaturated (β=0.004; 95% CI: 0.0003‐0.009) and polyunsaturated n‐6 (β=0.005; 95% CI: 0.001‐0.009) FAs with SBP levels during pregnancy. The following fractions were associated with SBP: 16:0 (β=0.005), 18:0 (β=0.040), 20:0 (β=0.746), 16:1 n‐7 (β=0.028), 18:1 n‐7 (β=0.047), 18:1 n‐9 (β=0.006), 18:2 n‐6 (β=0.005), 20:3 n‐6 (β=0.046) (all p‐values<0.05). We did not observe significant associations between FAs and DBP and between polyunsaturated n‐3 FAs and BP changes during pregnancy.ConclusionMaternal serum concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n‐6 FAs were positively associated with SBP changes during pregnancy.Support: CNPq and FAPERJ
The effects of consuming high protein solid vs. beverage breakfasts on changes in body weight and body composition in overweight, breakfast skipping adolescents
Authors: Gwin Jess , Leidy Heather 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe consumption of high protein (HP) solid breakfast meals lead to improved appetite control and satiety; however, HP beverages elicit a blunted satiety effect. Purpose: To examine the long term effects of consuming HP Solid vs. Beverage breakfasts on body weight management in overweight breakfast skipping teens. Methods: Twelve overweight adolescents (age: 14 ± 1y; BMI: 93.1 ± 4 %ile; breakfast skipping: 6 ± 1 skipping occasions/wk) consumed either a 300 kcal HP (28 g Protein/28 g Carbohydrates/8 g Fat) Solid breakfast or HP Beverage breakfast for 12 wks. Specifically, the HP solid meals consisted of commonly consumed egg and dairy‐based breakfast foods, whereas the HP beverage meals were egg and dairy‐based breakfast shakes. Body weight, body composition, and appetite were measured during baseline and post‐study. Results: No main effects of time, treatment, or interactions were detected for weight, fat mass, or lean mass. Although no main effect of time or group were detected for percent body fat, a group by time interaction tended to occur (p=0.09). Post‐hoc comparisons demonstrated that the HP Solid breakfast led to greater changes in percent body fat (‐3.23 ± 1.9%) compared to the HP Beverage breakfast (+0.63 ± 0.9%; p=0.09).ConclusionsThe consumption of a high protein solid breakfast led to improvements in weight management in overweight, breakfast skipping adolescents, whereas a high protein beverage breakfast did not. Funding: NCRR/NIH M01 RR023940
Effects of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass on sugar‐induced hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Surowska A , De Giorgi S , Theytaz F , Lecoultre V , Campos V , Giusti V , Tappy L 
Published: June 2021

Oral fructose increases postprandial blood triglyceride (TG) concentrations, possibly by stimulating intestinal de novo lipogenesis (iDNL) and decreasing extrasplanchnic TG clearance. We hypothesized that these effects of fructose may be abolished by Roux‐en‐Y‐gastric bypass (RYGB) due to bypass of the proximal small bowel. To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied 8 patients 12‐18 months after RYGB, and 8 age‐, weight‐ and gender‐matched controls (C). Each participant was studied on two occasions, over 6‐hours after ingestion of 1) a protein/ lipid meal (PL), and 2) a protein/ lipid/ glucose/ fructose meal (PLGF). Chylomicrons‐triglyceride secretion and clearance were assessed from postprandial incremental areas under the curve for TG and apoB48. Sugar‐related hyperlipemia was assessed from the difference between chylomicron‐TG iAUC after PLGF and after PL.Postprandial chylomicrons‐TG iAUCs were, in RYGB: 16.8 ± 7.0 mmol/L*360min after PL vs 6.4 ± 5.7 mmol/L*360min after PLGF (NS), and in C: 28.4 ± 12.7 mmol/L*360min after PL vs 67.9 ± 23.0 mmol/L*360min after PLGF (p = 0.025). Sugar‐related hypertriglyceridemia was 2.1 ± 10.6 mmol/L*360min in RYGB vs 46.7 ± 15.0 mmol/L*360min in C (p = 0.03). ApoB48 peaked earlier in RYGB than in C, but post‐prandial iAUCs for apoB48 were not different in the two groups.These results indicate that sugar induced hypertriglyceridemia was abolished after RYGB. A lower iDNL may possibly account for this effect of RYGB. An increased extrasplanchnic clearance of chylomicrons‐TG (as suggested by lower TG iAUCs together with unchanged apoB48 iAUCs) may also be involved.This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation
Relation between Candida spp in Dental Plaque and Nutritional Status in Kindergarten Children
Authors: Rodriguez Patricia , Mateo María , Iglesias María , Martinez Reinoso Josefina , Lifshitz Fima , Molgatini Susana , Argentieri Angela 
Published: June 2021

Early childhood caries, an ecological disease, and obesity are related to dietary habits. We previously found an association among nutritional status (NS), prevalence of caries and microbiology composition of dental biofilm, that leads to a negative relationship between obesity and caries risk. Candida spp is a frequent commensal yeast of the oral microbiota; however, in the pediatric population is associated with presence of caries.The aim of the present study was to determine the association between NS, Candida spp, and caries in preschool children. Fifty one children aged 3 to 6 years were were classified in adequate (A), overweight (OW) or obese (Ob) with Anthro software. Presence/absence of caries lesions, and Candida spp in the dental plaque were determined. Dental plaque samples were collected and seeded in selective medium CHROMagar Candida®.ResultsNS showed 49% of A, 29.4% OW and 21.6% Ob. Candida spp strains were isolated from dental plaque of (% and CI95%): 52 (32‐72) of A, 33 (12‐62) OW and 0(0‐28) Ob children (Fisher's test, p=0.0107), regardless the presence of caries. Althoug 36% of Ob children presented caries, we did not isolated Candida spp in dental plaque.ConclusionColonization of dental plaque biofilm by Candida spp is related with nutritional status of preschoolers.UBACyT 20720130100017BA.
In Vitro Batch Fermentation Analysis of Wheat Dextrin and Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum ‐ Fermentation Kinetics and Prebiotics Effects
Authors: Carlson Justin , Slavin Joanne , Deng Ping , Swanson Kelly , Hospattankar Ashok 
Published: June 2021

Scientific research demonstrates that two indigenous gut bacteria, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can contribute to human health. The primary objective of this in vitro study was to quantitatively analyze at the genus level how wheat dextrin (WD) and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) increased the levels of these two gut bacteria at 12 h and 24 h, via qPCR. Secondary objectives were changes in fecal pH, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and total gas volume produced. At 12 h WD was significantly more bifidogenic (9.50 CFU log10/mL) than PHGG (9.30 CFU log10/mL) (p<0.05), and also at 24 h WD (9.41 CFU log10/mL) compared with PHGG (9.27 CFU log10/mL) (p<0.05). WD produced less total SCFAs at both 12 h and 24 h (p<0.05), and produced significantly lower amounts of gas at 12 h and 24 h (p<0.05). Both PHGG and WD also promoted growth of Lactobacilli when measured at 12 h and 24 h compared with the 0 h analysis (p<0.05), indicating that both fibers are lactogenic. These results demonstrate prebiotic effect of WD and PHGG. Based on fermentation kinetics, PHGG is more rapidly fermented than WD, and both fibers show prebiotic effects as early as 12 h.This study was supported by a research funding from Novartis Consumer Health Inc. NJ, USA.
Detection of Intimal Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Lesions Using a CD36‐Targeted Ligand Containing Nanoparticle
Authors: Dhanasekara Chathurika , Zhang Jia , Nie Shufang , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Macrophages and lipid‐laden macrophages (foam cells) are the predominant immune cells in the lesions. We have synthesized biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles (NP), and we incorporated CD36‐targeting ligands on the surface of NP to make ligand‐NP (L‐NP). Our objective was to compare the target specificity of NP and L‐NP to macrophages in vitro and in LDL receptor null (LDL r‐/‐) mice.Methods: THP‐1 derived macrophages were incubated with florescence‐dye labeled NP and L‐NP and target specificity was measured using an EVOS® Fluorescence Microscope. Six male 6 week old LDL r‐/‐ mice developed atherosclerotic lesions after feeding an atherogenic diet for 22 weeks. Fluorescence‐dye labeled NP or L‐NP were injected via tail veins. After 20 hours, fluorescence signals in aortic lesions were imaged in‐situ and in isolated aortas using an IVIS® Lumina XR imaging system. Then dissected aortas were embedded in O.C.T. compound and serially sectioned. Fluorescence signals in cross‐sections of aortas were taken using an EVOS® Fluorescence Microscope. Total Cy7 signal intensity in the cross‐sections of aortic lesions was analyzed using a NIH Image J software.Results: L‐NP as compared to NP had higher binding affinity to THP‐1 derived macrophages
imageIn‐vivo data showed that L‐NP had 1.4‐fold higher target specificity to aortic lesions than NP (p<0.001)
imageConclusionOur novel L‐NP has the potential for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis through targeting the macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions.Grant Funding Source: NIH 1R15AT007013‐01