bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out‐of‐Town Home Buyers and City Welfare
Authors: FAVILUKIS JACK , VAN NIEUWERBURGH STIJN 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTMany cities have attracted a flurry of out‐of‐town (OOT) home buyers. Such capital inflows affect house prices, rents, construction, labor income, wealth, and ultimately welfare. We develop an equilibrium model to quantify the welfare effects of OOT home buyers for the typical U.S. metropolitan area. When OOT investors buy 10% of the housing in the city center and 5% in the suburbs, welfare among residents falls by 0.61% in consumption‐equivalent units. House prices and rents rise substantially, resulting in welfare gains for owners and losses for renters. Policies that tax OOT buyers or mandate renting out vacant property mitigate welfare losses.
Comparison of Post Space Volume Changes Following Fiber Post Removal Using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Versus Ultrasonic Instrument
Authors: Cho Juyeon , Liu Jie , Bukhari Esraa A. , Zheng Fengyuan , Kim Do‐Gyoon , Lee Damian J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the post space volume changes following removal of glass fiber posts in endodontically treated teeth by using erbium, chromium:yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser to the conventional ultrasonic method.Materials and MethodsTwelve single‐root human extracted teeth were cut into 13 mm near cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and then underwent endodontic treatment. The post spaces were prepared to 8 mm in length. Glass fiber posts were inserted with self‐curing resin cement. Specimens were randomly assigned to laser or ultrasonic methods for their post removal. Post space volumes were measured using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) before post cementation and after post removal. Dentin thickness was measured after post removal at coronal, middle, and apical third of the root canal space. Paired t‐test and t‐test were used to compare space volumes between before post cementation and after post removal, and between laser and ultrasonic groups, respectively.ResultsSix specimens were tested for each group. The average volume change was 6.499 mm3 in laser and 7.418 mm3 in ultrasonic method. There was not a significant difference between laser and ultrasonic group in respect of post space volume changes (p = 0.71). Both methods showed significant volume increase following post removal (p < 0.05). Significantly less dentin was lost when laser was used for post removal in the coronal portion of the post space (p = 0.002).ConclusionsEr,Cr:YSGG laser can be used as effective option, comparable to the conventional ultrasonic method when removing posts in endodontically treated teeth. Laser has the potential to provide conservative post removal.
Vertical Load and Torque during Postspace Preparation and Their Influence on Microcrack Development
Authors: Jamleh Ahmed , Alghilan Maryam , Alsharif Asma , Alqahtani Nouf , Aloqayli Abdulrahman , Aljarrah Abdulkader 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate, in vitro, the magnitudes of vertical load and torque generated during post space preparation of root canal treated teeth and their influence on microcrack development.Materials and MethodsForty extracted premolars with single canals were decoronated. The roots were prepared using ProTaper Next system (Dentsply Sirona) to X3 file, obturated, and provisionalized. After a 3‐week incubation period, the roots were distributed into 2 groups according to the post drill system used (ParaPost fiber post and RelyX fiber post). During post space preparation, the vertical load, torque, and preparation time were recorded. Before and after the post space preparation, the roots were imaged with micro‐computed tomography (SkyScan 1172; Bruker micro‐CT) to detect new microcracks. The data were analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test and chi‐square test.ResultsIn ParaPost and RelyX, the post space was prepared in 48.31 ±25.28 and 47.71 ±13.36 seconds, respectively (p = 0.360). The peak vertical load generated with ParaPost (20.23 ±7.80 N) was significantly lower than that of RelyX (29.43 ±5.82 N) (p = 0.010). The maximum torque attained with ParaPost (1.42 ±0.61 N.cm) was found to be significantly lower than that of RelyX (3.23 ±1.58 N.cm) (p = 0.000). No post drill fracture or visible deformation was noticed throughout the experiment. New microcracks were found in three ParaPost samples only.ConclusionsThe choice of postdrill influenced the loads and torques generated during postspace preparation. The ParaPost system showed favorably lower load and torque values during the postspace preparation compared with the RelyX system.
Hepatic lead and copper concentrations in dogs with chronic hepatitis and their relationship with hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology
Authors: Gori Eleonora , Pierini Alessio , Meucci Valentina , Abramo Francesca , Muscatello Luisa V. , Marchetti Veronica 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the influence of copper ([Cu]) on chronic hepatitis (CH) has been widely studied in dogs, little information is available about the accumulation of other metals.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe assessed the concentration of lead ([Pb]) in the livers of dogs with CH with or without abnormal hepatic [Cu] to establish if any association existed between [Pb] and either hematologic or biochemical variables, fibrosis, necrosis and inflammation of the liver on histology.AnimalsThirty‐four dogs with CH that had hepatic [Cu] and [Pb] determined.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of dogs with CH and hepatic [Cu] and [Pb]. Chronic hepatitis was defined using current American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement guidelines. Hepatic [Cu] and [Pb] were determined using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Dogs were divided into 2 groups based on [Cu]: <400 ppm (LoCu) and ≥400 ppm (HiCu).ResultsThe median [Cu] and [Pb] were 357 ppm (range, 100‐7743 ppm) and 58.7 (range, 6.89‐224.4 ppm), respectively. Nineteen dogs had LoCu and 15 dogs had HiCu. Median [Pb] was significantly higher in HiCu compared to LoCu dogs (P < .001). Hepatic [Pb] and [Cu] were significantly correlated (rho = 0.7; P < .001). Dogs with microcytosis had higher [Pb] than did dogs with normal red cell volume (P = .02). Hepatic [Pb] was not correlated with either necroinflammatory or fibrosis scores.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough additional studies are needed to better understand the clinical role of hepatic [Pb], dogs with abnormal hepatic [Cu] may also have higher hepatic [Pb]. In addition, in dogs with high hepatic [Pb], microcytosis may be present.
A Twitter discourse analysis of negative feelings and stigma related to NAFLD, NASH and obesity
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Kakalou Christine , Palayew Adam , Karamanidou Christina , Maramis Christos , Natsiavas Pantelis , Picchio Camila A , Villota‐Rivas Marcela , Zelber‐Sagi Shira , Carrieri Patrizia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are stigmatized, partly since ‘non‐alcoholic’ is in the name, but also because of obesity, which is a common condition in this group. Stigma is pervasive in social media and can contribute to poorer health outcomes. We examine how stigma and negative feelings concerning NAFLD/NASH and obesity manifest on Twitter.MethodsUsing a self‐developed search terms index, we collected NAFLD/NASH tweets from May to October 2019 (Phase I). Because stigmatizing NAFLD/NASH tweets were limited, Phase II focused on obesity (November‐December 2019). Via sentiment analysis, >5000 tweets were annotated as positive, neutral or negative and used to train machine learning–based Natural Language Processing software, applied to 193 747 randomly sampled tweets. All tweets collected were analysed.ResultsIn Phase I, 16 835 tweets for NAFLD and 2376 for NASH were retrieved. Of the annotated NAFLD/NASH tweets, 97/1130 (8.6%) and 63/535 (11.8%), respectively, related to obesity and 13/1130 (1.2%) and 5/535 (0.9%), to stigma; they primarily focused on scientific discourse and unverified information. Of the 193 747 non‐annotated obesity tweets (Phase II), the algorithm classified 40.0% as related to obesity, of which 85.2% were negative, 1.0% positive and 13.7% neutral.ConclusionsNAFLD/NASH tweets mostly indicated an unmet information need and showed no clear signs of stigma. However, the negative content of obesity tweets was recurrent. As obesity‐related stigma is associated with reduced care engagement and lifestyle modification, the main NAFLD/NASH treatment, stigma‐reducing interventions in social media should be included in the liver health agenda.
Evolutionary dynamics of bipartite begomoviruses revealed by complete genome analysis
Authors: Xavier César A. D. , Godinho Márcio T. , Mar Talita B. , Ferro Camila G. , Sande Osvaldo F. L. , Silva José C. , Ramos‐Sobrinho Roberto , Nascimento Renato N. , Assunção Iraildes , Lima Gaus S. A. , Lima Alison T. M. , Murilo Zerbini F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral key evolutionary events marked the evolution of geminiviruses, culminating with the emergence of divided (bipartite) genomes represented by viruses classified in the genusBegomovirus. This genus represents the most abundant group of multipartite viruses, contributing significantly to the observed abundance of multipartite species in the virosphere. Although aspects related to virus‐host interactions and evolutionary dynamics have been extensively studied, the bipartite nature of these viruses has been little explored in evolutionary studies. Here, we performed a parallel evolutionary analysis of the DNA‐A and DNA‐B segments of New World begomoviruses. A total of 239 full‐length DNA‐B sequences obtained in this study, combined with 292 DNA‐A and 76 DNA‐B sequences retrieved from GenBank, were analysed. The results indicate that the DNA‐A and DNA‐B respond differentially to evolutionary processes, with the DNA‐B being more permissive to variation and more prone to recombination than the DNA‐A. Although a clear geographic segregation was observed for both segments, differences in the genetic structure between DNA‐A and DNA‐B were also observed, with cognate segments belonging to distinct genetic clusters. DNA‐B coding regions evolve under the same selection pressures than DNA‐A coding regions. Together, our results indicate an interplay between reassortment and recombination acting at different levels across distinct subpopulations and segments.
Comparative analysis of the corneal birefringence pattern in healthy children and adults
Authors: Sobczak Marcelina , Asejczyk Magdalena , Kalinowski Kamil , Pierścionek Barbara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo undertake a comparative analysis of the corneal shape, thickness and isochromatics in the eyes of children and adults in order to determine the extent of similarities and differences between the cohorts.MethodsThe study involved 24 children (aged 8 years) and 37 young White adults (aged between 22–24 years) with no apparent or known health or ocular conditions. Measurements were made of corneal radius of curvature, both central (CCT) and paracentral (PCT) corneal thickness and intraocular pressure (IOP). Images of the isochromatics were captured using a slit lamp and a circular polarizer. The geometry of fringe I and II of the isochromatics was analysed.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between CCT and PCT in nasal and temporal regions for both the children and adult cohorts. The same trends were observed in the radii of the cornea. Statistically significant differences between side lengths and angles of isochromatic fringes were found. No differences in asymmetry of shape for fringe I between adults and children were detected; greater symmetry was seen in fringe II in children than for adults.ConclusionsThe asymmetry in corneal shape and curvature contributes to the shape of the isochromatic fringes. This is likely linked to the orientation and parameters of the collagen fibres and to the muscles’ forces, and be relevant for surgical procedures such as corneal transplantation.
Impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on the arrhythmic burden of patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators
Authors: Sassone Biagio , Virzì Santo , Bertini Matteo , Pasanisi Giovanni , Manzoli Lamberto , Myers Jonathan , Grazzi Giovanni , Muser Daniele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Italy, a nationwide full lockdown was declared between March and May 2020 to hinder the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The potential individual health effects of long‐term isolation are largely unknown. The current study investigated the arrhythmic consequences of the COVID‐19 lockdown in patients with defibrillators (ICDs) living in the province of Ferrara, Italy.MethodsBoth the arrhythmias and the delivered ICD therapies as notified by the devices were prospectively collected during the lockdown period (P1) and compared to those occurred during the 10 weeks before the lockdown began (P2) and during the same period in 2019 (P3). Changes in outcome over the three study periods were evaluated for significance using McNemar's test.ResultsA total of 413 patients were included in the analysis. No differences were found concerning either arrhythmias or shocks or anti‐tachycardia pacing. Only the number of patients experiencing non‐sustained ventricular tachycardias (NSVTs) during P1 significantly decreased as compared to P2 (p = 0.026) and P3 (p = 0.009). The subgroup analysis showed a significant decrease in NSVTs during P1 for men (vs. P2, p = 0.014; vs. P3, p = 0.040) and younger patients (vs. P2, p = 0.002; vs. P3, p = 0.040) and for ischemic etiology (vs. P2, p = 0.003). No arrhythmic deaths occurred during P1.ConclusionsThe complete nationwide lockdown, as declared by the Italian government during the first COVID‐19 pandemic peak, did not impact on the incidence of arrhythmias in an urban cohort of patients with ICDs.
Inflammatory bowel disease presenting with pyodermatitis‐pyostomatitis vegetans in a pediatric patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Berzin Daniella , Lahad Avishai , Weiss Batia , Barzilai Aviv , Greenberger Shoshana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPyodermatitis‐pyostomatitis vegetans (PD‐PSV) is rarely reported in the pediatric population. Here, we provide a review of pediatric PD‐PSV in the literature and report a case of widespread PD‐PSV in a 15‐year‐old male without a previous history of inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical, histological, and immunopathological workup established PD‐PSV and revealed subclinical Crohn's disease. Treatment with infliximab was effective in inducing rapid resolution of the lesions.
Endometrial angiogenesis induced by uterine insufflation with an oxygen–ozone gas mixture in mares
Authors: Camargo Ferreira Jair , Silva Amaral Rafael , Mara Cardoso Letícia , Panelli Marchió Sophia , Aldrovani Rodrigues Marcela , Fonseca Alves Carlos Eduardo , de Meira Cezinande 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOzone (O3) therapy has been used to improve peripheral tissue oxygenation in humans and domestic animals. The goal of the present study was to characterize histological changes in the endometria of healthy equines following tissue exposure to gas mixtures enriched with different concentrations of O3. Cycling mares without endometrial degeneration were divided into three groups according to treatment (n = 9 mares/group). The uteri from the O3, ½O3 and control groups were insufflated for 3 min with gas containing 42, 21 and 0 μg O3 ml‐1, respectively. Treatments were performed every three days from D0 to D6. Endometrial samples were collected immediately before the first treatment and 24 hr after the last treatment. The following nine histological parameters were evaluated: (i) the number of endometrial blood vessels, (ii) endometrial vascular degree (EVD), (iii) increase rate of blood vessels, (iv) increase rate of EVD, (v) glandular total area, (vi) glandular lumen area, (vii) intraglandular secretion area, (viii) glandular epithelial height and (ix) luminal epithelial height. In the O3 group, a positive effect from treatment (p < .01) was detected for all vascular parameters (i, ii, iii and iv), glandular total area, intraglandular secretion area and glandular epithelial height. Compared to the control group, the ½O3 group had greater (p < .01) EVD (84.1 ± 12%) and a higher increase rate of blood vessels (151.9 ± 47.1%). Uterine insufflation with low or intermediate concentrations of the O2–O3 gas mixture induced endometrial angiogenesis. Morphometry, but not morphology, of the endometrial glands was affected by local O3 therapy. These findings would be of great significance for the development of new therapies for infertility in mares.
Shedding light inside the black box of implementation: Tax crimes as a predicate crime for money laundering
Authors: Rossel Lucia , Unger Brigitte , Ferwerda Joras 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEven perfect transposition of EU Directives does not necessarily translate into homogeneous rules or application of rules across the European Union. Europeanization literature focused on the formal transposition of EU Directives. Newer studies suggest looking into the black box of how this translates into law in action. The 4th Anti‐Money Laundering Directive incorporated taxes as a predicate crime for money laundering. We analyze how and why this Directive has been implemented so differently across EU countries both in the books and in action through a novel dataset. We find that country characteristics can explain formal transposition patterns and influence the domestic adaptation of regulation as well as how practitioners, the second front line of implementation, use these rules in action. We find that corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, tax morale, and tax administrative capacity are important factors to explain lingering differences in the books and in action among EU Member States.
Beyond the monitors: Anaesthesiologists’ experiences of the process of extubation
Authors: Rönnberg Linda , Nilsson Ulrica , Hellzén Ove , Melin‐Johansson Christina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough extubation is a high‐risk phase associated with risk of severe complications for patients undergoing general anaesthesia, there is a lack of research about this phenomenon from the perspective of anaesthesiologists’ experiences of the process of extubation in the anaesthesia setting.AimTo describe Swedish anaesthesiologists’ experiences of the extubation process in the anaesthesia setting.MethodsA qualitative descriptive design study with individual semi‐structured interviews was conducted in three hospitals in Sweden with a total of 17 anaesthesiologists. A qualitative manifest content analysis method was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe anaesthesiologists’ experiences were described in two categories: To assemble sensibilities, where the anaesthesiologists are receptive to inputs, create tailored plans, are guided by emotions and experiences, and sense the atmosphere in the process of extubation; and To stay focused, where they understand the importance of preparation and being prepared, and of being calm and strategic, and of needing to trust the registered nurse anaesthetist in the process of extubation.ConclusionsDecision‐making regarding the process of extubation does not rely solely on monitoring signs; rather, the anaesthesiologists described how, by looking beyond the monitors and by being receptive to inputs from the patient and other professionals, their experience and intuition guides them through the process of extubation.
Acute effect of HIIT on testosterone and cortisol levels in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dote‐Montero Manuel , Carneiro‐Barrera Almudena , Martinez‐Vizcaino Vicente , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. 
Published: May 2021

To determine the acute effect of a single high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) session on testosterone and cortisol levels in healthy individuals, a systematic search of studies was conducted in MEDLINE and Web of Science databases from inception to February 2020. Meta‐analyses were performed to establish the acute effect of HIIT on testosterone and cortisol levels immediately after a single HIIT session; after 30 min and 60 min (primary outcomes); and after 120 min, 180 min, and 24 h (secondary outcomes, only for pre‐post intervention groups). Potential effect‐size modifiers were assessed by meta‐regression analyses and analyses of variance. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane's risk of bias tool and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The meta‐analyses of 10 controlled studies (213 participants) and 50 pre‐post intervention groups (677 participants) revealed a significant increase in testosterone immediately after a single HIIT session (d = 0.92 and 0.52, respectively), which disappeared after 30 min (d = 0.18 and −0.04), and returned to baseline values after 60 min (d = −0.37 and −0.16). Significant increases of cortisol were found immediately after (d = 2.17 and 0.64), after 30 min (d = 1.62 and 0.67) and 60 min (d = 1.32 and 0.27). Testosterone and cortisol levels decreased significantly after 120 min (d = −0.48 and −0.95, respectively) and 180 min (d = −0.29 and −1.08), and returned to baseline values after 24 h (d = 0.14 and −0.02). HIIT components and participant's characteristics seem to moderate the effect sizes. In conclusion, testosterone and cortisol increase immediately after a single HIIT session, then drop below baseline levels, and finally return to baseline values after 24 h. This meta‐analysis provides a better understanding of the acute endocrine response to a single HIIT session, which would certainly be valuable for both clinicians and coaches in the prescription of exercise programs to improve health and performance. Testosterone and cortisol may be used as sensitive biomarkers to monitor the anabolic and catabolic response to HIIT.
The chicken or the egg? Plastome evolution and an independent loss of the inverted repeat in papilionoid legumes
Authors: Lee Chaehee , Choi In‐Su , Cardoso Domingos , de Lima Haroldo C. , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Wojciechowski Martin F. , Jansen Robert K. , Ruhlman Tracey A. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe plastid genome (plastome), while surprisingly constant in gene order and content across most photosynthetic angiosperms, exhibits variability in several unrelated lineages. During the diversification history of the legume family Fabaceae, plastomes have undergone many rearrangements, including inversions, expansion, contraction and loss of the typical inverted repeat (IR), gene loss and repeat accumulation in both shared and independent events. While legume plastomes have been the subject of study for some time, most work has focused on agricultural species in the IR‐lacking clade (IRLC) and the plant model Medicago truncatula. The subfamily Papilionoideae, which contains virtually all of the agricultural legume species, also comprises most of the plastome variation detected thus far in the family. In this study three non‐papilioniods were included among 34 newly sequenced legume plastomes, along with 33 publicly available sequences, to assess plastome structural evolution in the subfamily. In an effort to examine plastome variation across the subfamily, approximately 20% of the sampling represents the IRLC with the remainder selected to represent the early‐branching papilionoid clades. A number of IR‐related and repeat‐mediated changes were identified and examined in a phylogenetic context. Recombination between direct repeats associated with ycf2 resulted in intraindividual plastome heteroplasmy. Although loss of the IR has not been reported in legumes outside of the IRLC, one genistoid taxon was found to completely lack the typical plastome IR. The role of the IR and non‐IR repeats in the progression of plastome change is discussed.