bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing analysis of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) (case: Belawan Sicanang Village, Medan Belawan District, Medan, North Sumatra)
Authors: Rais R R , Supriana T , Sebayang T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Shrimp is an important export commodity in North Sumatra. Demand for shrimp will continue to increase with the increasing need for consumption and industrial needs such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The difference in prices at the farmer level with market prices and export prices, and fluctuations of price are faced by shrimp farmers. The objectives of the research are to examine the marketing channel, marketing function, marketing costs, marketing margin, share margin, price spread and the obstacles faced in marketing. The research area is determined purposively in Sicanang Village. The sampling method used is a census, with 37 sample size. Quantitative and qualitative analysis are used to analysis. The results showed that there are 3 marketing channels in the area, and farmers perform 6 marketing functions, while collector traders and retailers perform 8 marketing functions. There is a difference in price and share margin in each channel. Price in channel I is highest while share margin of farmers in channel III is highest. The lack of seed fires and infrastructure, unorganized cooperatives, wet weather during the rainy season, waste from Electric Steam Power Plant Industry, the fluctuation of selling price are the obstacles faced in the research area.
Market structure of abalone (Haliotis asinina) in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Taridala S A A , Nursavista R , Saediman H , Limi M A , Salam I , Gafaruddin A , Patadjai A B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Abalone is one type of shellfish that has high economic value. This study aimed to assess market structure of abalone. The study was carried out in Bajo Bahari Village in Buton District, and Bau-Bau Municipality. Respondents consisted of 30 abalone catchers in the village, and three village abalone collectors (VACs) and two inter-island abalone traders (IATs) selected using snowball sampling method. Data were collected first in February 2015 and in May 2020 during Covid-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Market structure was identified through assessment of the nature of competition based on the number of buyers and sellers, product differentiation, and entry and exit barriers. Study results showed that market structure exhibits oligopsony, in which the number of producers are more than that of village collectors, product differentiation is absent, and there exist some barriers to entry for village collectors. During Covid-19 pandemic, fishermen stop catching wild abalone, so there are still no more products to be marketed.
Impact of diversification of CPO to biodiesel on financial performance and stock price of palm oil plantation company
Authors: Ayu S F , Verawati  , Supriana T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable energy source that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether there were differences in financial performance and stock prices of oil palm plantation companies before and after the policy mandatory of CPO diversification into biodiesel. The financial ratios analysed consist of: Current Ratio, Debt to Asset Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Return On Equity, and Return On Asset. To answer these objectives, the were conducted Paired Sample t-Test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. This research resulted that Current Ratio negative shows significant differences at PT Bakrie Sumatera Plantations Tbk. and positively significant at PT London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk. Debt to Asset Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio show significant negative differences in PT London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk. and positively significant at PT Tunas Baru Lampung Tbk. Net Profit Margin shows a significant positive difference at PT Tunas Baru Lampung Tbk. Return on Equity Ratio and Return on Asset Ratio show significant negative differences in PT Bakrie Sumatera Plantations Tbk. The policy mandatory of CPO diversification into Biodiesel doesn’t show a significant difference to the share price for the period 2004-2013.
Indonesian consumers’ awareness towards organic coffee
Authors: Khaliqi M , Pane T C , Gurning H R H , Novanda R R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Organic farming is growing. Consumers’ knowledge of environmental friendly products and consumer awareness of health have caused the market for agricultural products to start growing in Indonesia. Initially, agricultural products were in food crops and horticulture. However, the market growth has resulted in several agricultural products in the plantation sector, such as coffee, which have started the organic coffee certification process. This study aimed to analyse the factors influencing the awareness level of Indonesian consumers towards organic coffee. Respondents in this study assessed 766 samples. Respondents were s elected using accidental sampling technique. Furthermore, the respondent’s data were processed using structural equation model. The results showed that health factors, environmental factors and supporting factors for local farmers had a significant effect on the awareness of Indonesian consumers towards organic coffee. Although some of these factors influenced the awareness of consumers towards organic coffee, the awareness level of coffee consumers towards organic coffee was still relatively low, only 17.89% of respondents were able to show the right organic certification logo.
Forecasting evapotranspiration equation based on Hargreaves Evapotranspiration Method for Semangat Village, Merdeka Sub-district, Karo Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ichwan N , Nasution D L S , Sartiva H , Daulay S B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Providing water according to plant water requirement is a problem faced by many farmers because it’s related to cost of production and water scarcity. Some methods of calculating evapotranspiration are very difficult for farmers to use because they require some meteorological data. Simplifying the use of calculation equation is needed to make it easier for farmers to determine plant water requirements. The aims of study were to forecast evapotranspiration equation based on Hargreaves Evapotranspiration Method for Semangat Village. The methods divided two steps, they were observing potential evapotranspiration using Hargreaves Evapotranspiration method, and forecasting evapotranspiration equation. The results show potential evapotranspiration (ETo) in Semangat Village were 2.9 – 7.1 mm/days during January until July, 2020. Forecasted evapotranspiration equation for Semangat Village y = 0.444x – 4.0964 with R2 = 0,435 for daily average temperature, y = 0.2265x – 1.9029 with R2 = 0.8518 for daily maximum temperature, and y = -0.2137x + 8.6148 with R2 = 0.1361 for minimum temperature. The conclusion shows that the formula y = 0.2265x – 1.9029 where x is daily maximum temperature is the best formula which can be used to forecast evapotranspiration in Semangat Village, Merdeka Sub-district, Karo Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia.
Bio-oil characteristics of palm oil shell and empty fruit bunch (EFB) pyrolysis
Authors: Raju  , Panggabean S , Irfan A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Oil palm shell and empty fruit bunch (EFB) are biomass which contains lignocellulose which can potentially converted to bio-oil (liquid product of pyrolysis). Pyrolysis process produces solid, liquid and gas products. Temperature level of pyrolysis process influences bio-oil composition and its characteristics. The objective of this research was to characterize bio-oil of pyrolysis product on palm oil shell and empty fruit bunch at 3 different temperature levels. Pyrolysis process was done by using mini pyrolysis reactor. The temperature was set at 400°C, 500°C and 600°C. The result showed that mass fraction of palm oil shell was fluctuating along with the temperature difference. Shell solid fraction was decreasing at range 44.27-34.99% while shell liquid and gas fraction were increasing at range 38.33-43.28% and 17.40-21.73%, respectively. EFB products mass fraction was fluctuating at range 30.66-45.28%, 24.85-29.16% and 28.86-44.49% for solid, liquid and gas respectively. The highest shell bio-oil calorific value was 36.15 kJ/g at temperature 500°C and EFB highest bio-oil calorific value was 40.86 kJ/g at temperature 600°C. The highest shell and EFB bio-oil energy was 7,445.39 kJ and 1117.62 kJ.
Estimating water requirements of tomato plant based on Forecast-Evapotranspiration Equation in Semangat Village, Merdeka Sub-district, Karo Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ichwan N , Purba D P , Nasution D L S , Sartiva H , Daulay S B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tomato plant is one of the horticulture products that produce in Semangat Village. One of the problems focused by tomato’s farmer was how much water will give. Estimating water requirements for tomato plants will make it easier for farmers to provide water according to the phase of plant growth. The aims of the research was to estimating water requirements of tomato plants in Semangat Village Merdeka District, Karo Residence. The methods divided two steps, they were analysis the forecast-potential evapotranspiration, and estimating water requirements of tomato plant where calculated by the relation of crop coefficient and forecast-potential evapotranspiration. The results showed forecast-potential evapotranspiration (ETo) in Semangat Village were 3.36 – 6.89 mm/day during January until July, 2020. The water requirements of tomato plant showed 3.141 mm/day in the early phase, 6.02 mm/day in the middle phase, and 4.188 mm/day in the final phase. The conclusion showed that the water requirement of tomato plants for all of growth phase was increase as high as crop coefficient of tomato plants.
The effect of marination using sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) spices on the physical quality of local chicken meat
Authors: Patriani P , Hafid H , Sepriadi S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a popular herb for flavouring and has a fresh taste. Besides being used for spices, sweet basil is also commonly used as medicine because it has nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of marination using sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) at different concentrations on the physical quality of local chicken meat. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. This study had several treatments based on the concentration of sweet basil, namely P0: 0%, P1: 3%, P2: 6%, and P3: 9% with a marinating time of 30 minutes. After marinating, meat was stored at room temperature for 24 hours and then physical quality measurements were taken. The results of the study showed that marination with sweet basil had a significant influence (P<0.05) on the physical quality of local chicken meat. Sweet basil can reduce the pH value, maintain water content, reduce the percentage of cooking loss, reduce the percentage of drip loss, and increase meat tenderness. It can be concluded that 6% sweet basil marinade (Ocimum basilicum) can produce the best physical quality of local chicken meat.
In vitro antibacterial activities of Syzygium polyanthum leaves extract-nanoparticle against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherchia coli, and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: ‘Afifah A N , Zuprizal  , Dono N D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A research with six treatments in a completely randomized design was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Syzygium polyanthum leaves extract (SpLE)-nanoparticles against Salmonella typhimurium FNCC-0050, Escherichia coli FNCC-0091, and Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC-0051. The disc diffusion method was used to measure antibacterial activities of the bay leaves extract. The sample plates were incubated at room temperature 37 ° C for 24 hours, and the antibacterial activity was further determined by measuring the inhibition zone diameter manually using a precision ruler. The treatments were: aquades only (SpLE-0), aquades with 50 ppm antibiotic Tetracycline (SpLE-1), aquades with 0.2% chitosan (SpLE-2), aquades with 0.04% Sodium triphosphate (SpLE-3), aquades with 2.0% SpLE (SpLE-4), and aquades with 2.0% SpLE-N (SpLE-5). One-way ANOVA was used to analysese data statistically and if there were significant differences, it was followed by Duncan’s new multiple range test. The results showed that there was an inhibition zone in SpLE against S. typhimurium, E. coli, and L. acidophilus (P <0.001). SpLE-N and chitosan inhibited S. typhimurium and E. coli (P<0.001). While Tetracycline inhibited only E. coli (P<0.001). Currently, findings show that S. polyanthum leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth and colonization of several pathogenic bacteria.
The effect of palm kernel meal (PKM) fermentation by different level and time using Aspergillus Niger to nutrition composition and digestibility on the sensi Agrinak-1 Chicken
Authors: Sitindaon S H , Hanafi N D , Tafsin M , Ginting S P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study consisted of two stages; the first stage was to evaluate the chemical nutritional content of palm kernel meal fermented Aspergillus niger then followed by a biological test of the palm kernel meal treatment. The research was conducted using a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was the dose of Aspergillus niger inoculum: D1 = 4 g/kg DM PKM, D2 = 8 g/kg and D3 = 12 g/kg. The second factor is fermentation time: T1 = fermentation for 3 days, T2 = 6 days and T3 = 9 days. The fermented PKM results were analysed for chemical composition followed by a biological test. The biological test was carried out by placing 30 Sensi Agrinak-1 chickens in individual cages. Chickens were fed palm kernel meal in the first treatment by force feeding as much as 40 g/head. Observation data were tabulated and statistically analysed. The results showed that fermentation of oil palm kernel meal using a dose of Aspergillus niger and different fermentation times could increase the nutrients (chemicals) of palm kernel meal, especially the content of organic matter, besides that it can also increase the digestibility value of dry matter and organic matter in native chickens.
Strategy development of goat and sheep in North Labuhanbatu Regency to support North Sumatra Province as a producer of goat and sheep
Authors: Anwar S , Mirwandhono R E , Wahyuni T H , Sepriadi S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
North Labuhanbatu regency is one of the districts in North Sumatra Province that has the potential in the development of agriculture and livestock sector. This research aims to identify internal and external factors in the development of goat and sheep farming businesses, formulate alternative development strategies, and strategic priorities that can be applied in the development of goat and sheep in North Labuhanbatu regency. The research site is in North Labuhanbatu regency in February – April 2020. The data used is primary and secondary data. The basic method used in this study is descriptive analytics. The data analysis method used matrix analysis (IFE), matrix (EFE) and matrix (SWOT). The results showed that alternative strategies that can be used in the development of goat and sheep livestock in North Labuhanbatu regency are active and professional agriculture and livestock counselling human resources, establishing livestock institutions such as livestock groups, the role of local governments in mentoring and approaching, establishing livestock health services and cooperative as well as strengthening the livestock and sheep markets in North Labuhanbatu regency.
The effect of Batak onion (Allium
chinense) extract and powder adduction on the carcass characteristic of broiler chicken infected by Escherichia coli
Authors: Sadeli A , Hanafi N D , Tafsin M , Hamdan  , Syahputra K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Batak onion (Allium chinense) is a local plant typical of North Sumatra and have several antimicrobial compounds, so it has the potential to be used as natural antibiotics. One of the bacteria that often infects the broiler chickens is Escherichia
coli which can reduce the carcass quality of broiler chickens. This research aimed to determine the influence of giving extract and powder of Batak Onions (Allium chinense) on carcass characteristics of broiler chickens infected by Escherichia
coli. The research was using a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 repetitions, and there were five broiler chicken for each repetition. The treatments were P0A: Control without infection, P0B: infected by E. coli, P1: P0A + Batak Onion extract, P2: P0A + Batak Onion powder, P3: P0B + Batak Onion extract, P4: P0B + Batak Onion powder and P5: P0B + Tetracycline antibiotic of 0.05%. Research results indicated that the giving of batak onion extract and powder gave a significant difference to the carcass characteristics including slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass percentage of broiler chickens infected with Escherichia
coli. The conclusion of this research was that the giving of Batak onion extract and powder was effective in improving the carcass characteristics of broiler chickens infected with Escherichia
coli.
Institutional evaluation of the community plantation forest (CPF) permit holders in Langkat District
Authors: Lubis A Z , Rahmawaty  , Harahap R H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
CPF in Langkat District has been permitted since 2012 and most commercial productions of forest resources, both timber (charcoal) and non-timber, are in place. This study aims to analyse the institutional, economic and social conditions of HTR permit holders in Langkat Regency. The research was using the descriptive analysis method, a scoring method based on the Regulation of the Director General of PSKL Number 9 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Evaluating Social Forestry Permits. Data was obtained from interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) on group institutional aspect and scoring analysis on social and economic aspect. The result showed that Bahagia Keluarga Bahari Cooperative, Rakyat Pantai and Wahana Hijau had a decent institutional, while Tunas Baru had poor institutional due to lack of member found in the location. The economic aspect shows that the Rakyat Pantai Cooperative are good (100%), Wahana Hijau are medium (80%), Bahagia Keluarga Bahari are not good (56%), and Tunas Baru are not good (40%). The social aspect shows that the Rakyat Pantai Cooperative are good (86%), Wahana Hijau are medium (76%), Bahagia Keluarga Bahari are medium (72%), and Tunas Baru are not good (55%).
Identification of land cover trajectories before and after forest and land fires in Jambi Province in 2019
Authors: Thoha A S , Istima N , Daulay I A , Hulu D L N , Budi S , Ulfa M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Jambi Province has a very extensive forest area. However, the forest area in Jambi Province continues to decline due to forest and land fires which result in changes in land cover every year. There have been large-scale forest and land fires in Jambi Province in 2019. The objectives of this study to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of hotspots in Jambi Province and to find out changes in the land cover before and after forest and land fires in 2019. The method used in this study was an analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of hotspots and satellite imagery processing of land cover at locations with the highest hotspot density. The period of increasing hotspots in Jambi Province in 2019 occurred from August to December and reached a peak in September. The highest hotspot density was in Muaro Jambi District. Land cover that experienced forest and land fires was dominated by palm oil plantation and swamp shrubs. The forest and land fire incidents generally occur at the same location over the years.
Vegetation diversity of feeding plant of Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in the land of other uses around the Batang Toru Forest Area, North Sumatera
Authors: Patana P , Zahra M , Rivai M I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is an endemic species found in the Batang Toru ecosystem. The population of Tapanuli orangutan is divided into two main regions (west and east blocks), and also a small population in the natural reserve. Its status based on the IUCN red list is classified as “Critically Endangered”. It is necessary to identify the diversity and abundance of forage vegetation for Tapanuli orangutan using vegetation analysis especially in other zones of Batang Toru forest area. All is related to the importance and urgency of Orangutan habitat protection. This research aimed to estimate the availability of forage sources of Orangutans particularly outside the protection area. It shows a total diversity index (H’) of 4.62, which means that the level of diversity is high. Consequently, protection efforts outside the conservation area are really needed to support Batang Toru ecosystem from land conversion threat that may cause negative impact on the sustainability of Orangutan habitat itself.
Habitat fragmentation effect on the characteristics of orangutan nest tree selection
Authors: Auliah N L , Maulana M I , Onrizal O 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrangutans are an endemic to Indonesia and Malaysia with an almost extinct with critically endangered status and only found on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan/Borneo. Orangutan extinction is mainly threat by habitat loss and fragmentation as well as low reproduction rates. Habitat fragmentation, along with habitat loss, should be clearly considered when assessing implications of landscape change for population extinctions. Environmental changes force species to immediately adapt both behaviourally and physiologically. Forest structure affects the adaptability and nesting behaviour of orangutans. One of the steps to prevent orangutan extinction is by increasing habitat connectivity through corridors and reducing fragmentation of landscapes as well as stopping habitat lost.
Effect of different salt concentrations on the growth and biomass of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings
Authors: Basyuni M , Keliat D A , Utomo B , Amelia R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Rhizophora apiculata Blume is very easy species to find and is widely distributed in mangroves. This study was purposed to determine the optimum salinity concentration for mangrove seedling growth as a reference when rehabilitating mangrove forests. The effect of salinity on the growth and development of R. apiculata mangrove seedling roots was carried out in the greenhouse, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This study used five levels of salinity concentration of 0%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3% with 10 replications. Parameter observations comprised of height, diameter, number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf area, number of main roots, number of lateral roots, main root length, lateral root length, main root diameter, lateral root diameter, canopy water content, root moisture content, and canopy and root ratio. The most parameter of R. apiculata seedlings was at the salinity concentration level of 0.5%.
Types and benefit of non timber forest product for community around the forest
Authors: Latifah S , Purwoko A , Fachrudin K A , Dahriyanti N S T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Community dependence on logging forest resources which exceeds the carrying capacity limit. The existence of natural resources in the form of Non-Timber Forest Products can directly reduce the exploitation of timber forest products. Method of data collection were interview technique and field observation. The results showed that the types of non-timber forest products (HHBK) that have economic potential are sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), frankincense (Sytrax benzoin), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and areca nut (Areca catechu).