bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving Surgical Management for Early-Onset Scoliosis in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 Given Improvements in Survival
Authors: Drain Joseph P. , Iobst Christopher A. , Chambers Reid , Seilhamer Crystal , Beebe Allan C. , Klamar Jan E. 
Published: March 2021

Case:
We present a case of an 18-month-old child with early-onset scoliosis in the setting of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 whose rapidly progressive scoliosis is successfully managed with magnetic growing rods, the youngest age of implantation in a patient with SMA we are currently aware of. Technical challenges, complications, and outcome are described in this case presentation.

Conclusion:
Patients with SMA type 1 and early-onset scoliosis can be managed with growing-rod constructs given dramatic improvements in medical care that have expanded life expectancy.
Challenging Diagnosis of Stickler Syndrome in a Patient with Premature Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yousef Mohamed A. , Ayers David C. 
Published: March 2021

Case:
A 53-year-old male patient, subsequently diagnosed with type I Stickler syndrome, presented with severe premature osteoarthritis associated with bilateral hip dysplasia and knee epiphyseal dysplasia. Despite the presence of the typical manifestations of orofacial defects, hearing, ocular, and musculoskeletal abnormalities, the patient had never been diagnosed with the syndrome.

Conclusion:
Stickler syndrome can present with a wide spectrum of musculoskeletal abnormalities without previous diagnosis. It is often underrecognized if the manifestations of other systems are not appreciated. Stickler syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained musculoskeletal abnormality particularly in the presence of other system manifestations.
Power Efficient Model of PWM Generator for Green Computing and Communication on High Performance FPGAs
Authors: Kumar Keshav , Pandey Bishwajeet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PWM generator is one of the core modules of a communication model. Its main function is to control the amplitude of signal and used for reducing average power of the pulses and signals. The PWM generator can also be used in promoting the green computing and green communication other than data and wireless communication if it is made power and energy efficient. In this work we are using different Stub Series Terminated Logic (SSTL) IO with three distinguished FPGAs of different Nano meter (nm) gate size that are 28 nm SPARTAN-7, 20 nm KINTEX-7 Ultra scale, and 16 nm ZYNQ Ultra scale+. The model has been synthesized and implemented on VIVADO ISE tool. From the power analysis it is observed that 16 nm ZYNQ Ultra scale+ requires the highest amount of power for operation with SSTL18_I IO and 28 nm SPARTAN-7 uses least amount of power for the operation with SSTL135 IO, while the 20 nm KINTEX-7 Ultra scale lies in mid of both of these devices.
Performance Analysis of Linearly arranged Concentric Circular Antenna Array with Low Sidelobe Level and Beamwidth Using Robust Tapering Technique.
Authors: Rahaman Imteaz , Reza Md. Farhamdur , Hossain Md. Selim , Sarkar Pallab Kumar , Rashid Md. Mamunur , Ali Md. Yeakub , Ali Md. Firoj 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, a novel antenna array named Linearly arranged Concentric Circular Antenna Array (LCCAA) is proposed concerning lower beamwidth, lower sidelobe level, sharp ability to detect the false signal, and impressive SINR performance. The performance of the proposed LCCAA beamformer is compared with geometrically identical existing beamformers using the conventional technique where the LCCAA beamformer shows the lowest beamwidth and sidelobe level(SLL) of 12.50°and -15.17 dB in equal element accordingly. However, the performance gets degraded due to looking direction error, and robust techniques- fixed diagonal loading (FDL), optimal diagonal loading (ODL), and variable diagonal loading (VDL) are applied to all the potential arrays to minimize this problem. Furthermore, the LCCAA beamformer is further simulated to reduce the sidelobe applying tapering techniques where the hamming window shows the best performance having 17.097 dB less sidelobe level compared to the uniform window. The proposed structure is also analyzed under a robust tapered (VDL-hamming) method which reduces around 69.92 dB and 48.39 dB more sidelobe level compared to conventional and robust techniques. Analyzing all the performances, it is clear that the proposed LCCAA beamformer is superior and provides the best performance with the proposed robust tapered (VDL-hamming) technique.
A Relay Selection Algorithm Based on User Trust Degree for D2D Communications
Authors: Li Xiaobin , Liu Haoran 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The emergence of 5G has promoted the rapid development of the Internet of Things(IOT), the dramatic increasing of mobile equipment has led to the increasing shortage of spectrum resources, D2D(Device-to-Device) communication technology is widely concerned for its ability to improve the utilization of spectrum resources. In order to expand the communication scope, relay nodes are introduced into D2D communications, as the third party of D2D relay communication, the quality of relay nodes directly affects the quality of communication process. In order to make more users willing to participate in relay communication, social relationship is introduced into D2D relay communication, However, as an explicit relationship between people, the function of social relationship in D2D communication is limited by the mobility of users and the variability of communication scenarios. In order to find a more reli­able relay node and upgrade the connection success rate of D2D relay communication, implicit social relationship between the users need to be mined. Aiming at that, user trust degree (UTD) is established in this paper. By combining the explicit relationship which is called the social connectivity degree with the implicit social relationship called the interest similarity degree, and considering the user’s movement, a relay selection algorithm is presented to help sender find a relay node with a deeper user trust, which can increase the user’s willingness to participate in D2D relay communication and upgrade the success rate of communication connection, so this algorithm can ensure the security of the relay node and can improve the throughput performance. Simulation results show that this algorithm can increase the success rate of connection, improve the overall throughput of the system and improve the user's communication expe­rience.
Visual Speech Recognition using VGG16 Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: R Shashidhar , Patilkulkarni S , Murthy Nishanth S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Communication is all about expressing one’s thoughts to another person through speech and facial expressions. But for people with hearing impairment, it is difficult to communicate without any assistance. In most of these cases Visual speech recognition (VSR) systems simplify the tasks by using Machine Learning algorithms and assisting them to understand speech and socialize without depending on the auditory perception. Thus, one can visualize VSR system as a lifeline for people with hearing impairment which helps them in providing a way to understand the words that are being tried to convey to them through speech. In this work we used VGG16 convolutional neural network architecture for Kannada and English datasets. We used custom dataset for the research work and got the accuracy of 90.10% for English database and 91.90% for Kannada database.
Cryptographic Engineering on COVID-19 Telemedicine: An Intelligent Transmission Through Recurrent Relation Based Session Key
Authors: DEY JOYDEEP , BHOWMIK ANIRBAN , SARKAR ARINDAM , KARFORMA SUNIL , CHOWDHURY BAPPADITYA 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Constraints imposed due to the cameo of the novel coronavirus has abruptly changed the operative mode of medical sciences. Most of the hospitals have migrated towards the telemedicine mode of services of the non-invasive and non-emergency patients during the COVID-19 time. The advent of telemedicine services has remotely rendered health services to different types of patients from their quarantines. Here, the patients’ medical data has to be transmitted to different physicians / doctors. Such data are to be secured with a view to restore its privacy clause. Cardio vascular diseases (CVDs) are a kind of cardiac disease related to blockage of arteries and veins. This paper presents an intelligent and secured transmission of cardiac reports of the patients through recurrence relation based session key. Such reports were made through the following confusion matrix operations. The beauty of this technique is that confusion matrices are transferred to specified number of cardiologists with further secret shares encapsulation. The case of robustness checking, transparency and cryptographic engineering has been tested under different inputs. Different types of result and its analysis proves the efficiency of the proposed technique. It will provide more security in medical data transmission, especially in the needy hours of COVID-19 pandemic.
Measurement Engineering to Design a Truncated Ground Plane Compact Circular Ring Monopole Patch Antenna for Ultra Wideband Applications
Authors: Ali syed zeeshan , Khuda Ikrame E , Raza Kamran , Ebrahim Mansoor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, using in-depth simulations and measurements, a simple and compact design is engineered for making a circular ring microstrip patch antenna radiating element which is suitable for different ultra wide band(UWB) applications. This design approach is different because it has not utilized the usual method of using a set of electromagnetic equations and calculations to make the radiating antenna. Measurements and simulations were performed on Microwave CST. Using this measurement engineering approach, novelty of proposed antenna structure is obtained by making the required changes in the ground plane. The measurements showed that truncating the ground plane by a square shape structure of 2.5mm by 2.5mm size at the feed point was practically significant to provide an impedance bandwidth (\({S}_{11}cript>\)) ranging from 2.75 GHz to 32.035 GHz with a VSWR which is less than 2. For this entire bandwidth the directivity has shown a variation from 0.8 dBi to 7.9 dBi. The compact size (33mm x28mm x1.57mm), low design complexity, very high bandwidth, good directivity and satisfying VSWR has made this antenna unique among all previously presented UWB antennas.
Gold-Like Activity, Copper-Like Selectivity of Heteroatomic Transition Metal Carbides (M2C) for Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction
Authors: Esmaeilirad Mohammadreza , Baskin Artem , Kondori Alireza , Matias Ana Sanz , Qian Jin , Song Boao , Saray Mahmoud Tamadoni , Kucuk Kamil , Belmonte Andres Ruiz , Delgado Pablo Navarro Munoz , Park Junwon , Azari Rahman , Segre Carlo , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza , Prendergast David , Asadi Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An overarching challenge of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) is finding an earth-abundant, highly active catalyst that selectively produces hydrocarbons at relatively low overpotentials. Here, we have studied the two-dimensional transition metal carbide (TMC) class of materials and found that di-tungsten carbide (W2C) nanoflakes exhibit maximum methane (CH4) current density of -421.63 mA/cm2 and a CH4 faradic efficiency of 82.7%±2% in a hybrid electrolyte of 3 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 2 M choline-chloride (CC). Powered by a triple junction photovoltaic cell, we have demonstrated a flow electrolyzer that uses humidified CO2 to produce CH4 in a 700-hours process under one sun illumination with a CO2RR energy efficiency of about 62.3% and a solar-to-fuel efficiency of 20.7%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that dissociation of water, chemisorption of CO2 and cleavage of the C-O bond – the most energy consuming elementary steps in other catalysts such as copper – become nearly spontaneous at the W2C surface. This results in instantaneous formation of adsorbed CO – an important reaction intermediate – and an unlimited source of protons near the tungsten surface sites that are the main reasons for the observed superior activity, selectivity, and small potential.
Probabilistic Modeling for Manufacturing of Automotive Electric Equipment
Authors: Kozlovsky Vladimir , Klochkov Yury 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A generalized quality criterion is proposed for the processes of designing and manufacturing electrical equipment. The relationship between the parameters of the technological process of manufacturing electrical equipment and the ones of statistical plans acceptance quality control is taking into account for the calculation of the criterion. This creates the prerequisites for effective management of design and manufacturing processes to achieve the desired level of quality.
Freeze–thaw combined with activated carbon improves electrochemical dewaterability of sludge: Analysis of sludge floc structure and dewatering mechanism
Authors: Hui Kai , Song Lei , Yin Zhenzhou , Song Hongwei , Wang Zehao , Gao Wenjian , Xuan Lili 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Freeze–thaw (F/T) and electrochemistry are environment-friendly and efficient sludge treatment technologies. In this study, F/T and electrochemistry were combined in the pretreatment of sludge dewatering in the laboratory, and activated carbon (AC) was added to improve the electrochemical dewatering performance of sludge. During the experiment, the effect of F/T on the floc structure was analyzed by a laser particle analyzer and scanning electron microscope. F/T treatment not only improved the dewatering performance of sludge, but also promoted the aggregation of sludge flocs into larger particles. The median diameter (D50) increased from 45.27 µm to 128.94 µm. Then, the intracellular polymer of large-particle sludge was analyzed by three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (3D-EEM). The tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) still contained a large amount of protein substances, which hindered the improvement of sludge dewatering performance. AC was added to the thawed sludge solution before electrochemical treatment (EP). The conductivity of AC enhanced the effect of EP, thereby cracking the sludge flocs. Thus, the light intensity of TB-EPS in the 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy was decreased, and the D50 was also reduced to 105.3 µm. The final specific resistance of filtration and water content were reduced by 96.39% and 32.17%, respectively. Element analysis of the sludge cake after dehydration showed that the addition of AC significantly improved the combustion efficiency of the sludge cake. Moreover, preliminary economic analysis showed that the cost of this research was low, which indicated the potential application value of combined treatment.
A population-based study of neonatal deaths in Indonesia based on the Indonesian demographic health survey: what determinants play an essential role?
Authors: Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Mapindra Muhammad Pradhika , Mahindra Muhammad Pradhiki , Efendi Ferry , Etika Risa , Utomo Martono Tri , Angelika Dina , Handayani Kartika Darma , Harianto Agus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Neonatal mortality appears to be one of the most concerning problems to fulfill Sustainable Developmental Goals globally. Indonesia, as a developing country with uneven distribution of standardized health facilities over the archipelago, has been reported to be the country with the highest fatality cases of the newborn in Southeast Asia. To address this problem, we evaluate how substantive the socioeconomic spectrum and proximate determinants as a substantial predictor of the neonatal mortality rate in advance to maximize the health policies’ quality in reducing the rate of newborn death.
Method

The analysis was conducted using the data source of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey from 11.965 live-born infants born from singleton pregnancy in the year of 2017. By using a hierarchical approach and logistic regression, the multilevel analysis was carried out to assess the possible contributing factors including socioeconomic, household, and proximate factors to neonatal mortality.
Results

At socioeconomic determinants, the odds of newborn death was significantly higher for those who born from mothers with poor education level (OR = 1.72, p = 0.03), insufficient antenatal visits (OR = 3.98, p = 0.01), and not being involved to postnatal care (OR = 6.60, p = 0.01). Regarding community factors, the variable of traditional birth attendants was significantly higher for the odds of newborn death (OR = 2.06, p = 0.01) as well as the delivery in government public hospitals (OR = 1.89, p = 0.01). In terms of proximate determinants, the odds of newborn death found to be higher for male infants (OR = 1.43, p = 0.03) and low birth (< 2.5 kg) weight infants (OR = 4.15, p = 0.01). After the adjustment of these covariates, the newborn death were associated to mothers with insufficient antenatal care (OR = 2.58, p = 0.01), not participating in postnatal care (OR = 5.66, p = 0.01), assisted by traditional birth attendants (OR = 1.46, p = 0.03), and neonatal factors such as male gender (OR = 5.66, p = 0.01 and low birth weight (OR = 4.37, p = 0.01).
Conclusion

In reducing neonatal death, public health interventions should be targeted to individual and community-level factors of socioeconomic determinants. Improving the quality and coverage of perinatal health services such as the utilization of either antenatal care or postnatal care, the availability of trained birth attendants, and the optimization in public hospitals’ services have a significant meaning for better infants’ lives.
Understanding Parents’ Views Toward the Newly Enacted HPV Vaccine School Entry: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Colón-López Vivian , Medina-Laabes Diana T. , Abreu Roxana Soto , Miranda Olga L. Díaz , Ortiz Ana P. , Fernández María , Hull Pamela C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) is an important tool for prevention of HPV- related cancers. In Puerto Rico, the Secretary of Health established a school entry requirement of at least 1 dose of HPV vaccination in girls and boys aged 11 and 12 years taking effect in August 2018. Our study aims to examine parents’ views and opinions of the process of implementing the new HPV vaccination school entry policy in Puerto Rico, and understand barriers and facilitators related to this HPV immunization policy. Methods: Three focus group (n=12) and eight in-depth semi-structured interviews were performed, along with a survey. The interviews were recorded and transcript by our staff members. Through a thematic analysis were identified emergent themes. Results: Lack of information in relation to the policy were the theme most mentioned in the interviews. Moreover, participants expressed that previous negative experiences, from friends or family member, adverse effect and the lack of communication from school and healthcare providers deter them from the decision of vaccinated their kids. Barriers in the process of soliciting an exemption was discussed. Conclusion: Most barriers mentioned by participants who express hesitation about vaccinating their kids with the HPV vaccine, are modifiable providing parents information about the mandate’s implementation, and educational materials that address their concerns related to the vaccine’s side effects. Implementation of this efforts, however, need to consider impacting the school (teachers, principal directors, and administrative staff), the government and parents. This multilevel approach will help to improve the dissemination of information about HPV vaccination in order to clarify doubts and misinformation among hesitant parents.
Evaluation of a Limited-area Energy Budget Cycle of an Extratropical Storm Under Lagrangian and Eulerian Frameworks
Authors: Rougerie-durocher Sébastien , Laprise René , Nikiéma Oumarou 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To conceptualize the uncertainties regarding the mechanisms of extratropical cyclones (EC), a study of their energy cycle can provide key information of their fundamental structure. This study applies a set of equations built from earlier works for a limited-area energy decomposed into temporal mean and deviations. It compares the results obtained with a reference frame that tracks an EC through its eddy kinetic energy with those obtained with a larger but fixed frame. A specific storm that occurred throughout the period of December 10-18th 2004 and simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM – version 5) was studied. Results support the notion that the moving reference results in larger amplitudes for all temporal deviation components of the cycle than for the fixed reference. A time tendency analysis of the energetic reservoirs reveals noteworthy phases in the storm’s energy, with an increase and decrease occurring during the periods of 10-14 December and 14-18 December, respectively. The energy budget is overall fairly well balanced, with the exception of a lateral boundary term, hkTV , with considerable negative values; this term exhibits a spatially larger scale than the other contributions in the EC. An evaluation of the sensibility of the tracking scheme related to its size and positioning was also performed to determine its influence on the boundary term hkTV.
Temporarily double-pin external fixator fixation following unstable ankle fracture
Authors: Yuan Yusong , Lu Hao , Kou Yuhui , Lv Haorun , Li Guicheng , Feng Shuo , Xu Hailin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study designed a new type of double-pin external fixator for temporary fixation of unstable ankle fractures, and the safety and effectiveness of this fixation method were explored. Cases were included in patients with ankle fractures treated in the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics at Peking University People's Hospital from February 2016 to February 2020. Two groups of cases were obtained (cast group, n=19; double-pin external fixator group, n=21). All cases received the same postoperative care, and the VAS score before and after temporary fixation, the maintenance of fracture reduction, the complications of temporary fixation and the interval time were recorded. All patients completed follow-ups. There were 4 cases and 0 cases of complications in the cast and double-pin external fixator groups respectively. 6 cases and 1 case each had a loss of reduction in the cast and double-pin external fixator groups respectively. There was no difference in interval time for final open reduction with internal fixation between the two groups. The post-fixation VAS score of the double-pin external fixator group was significantly lower than that of the cast group. This technique is a simple, safe, and effective treatment for the temporary reduction of unstable ankle fractures with double-pin external fixator which can relieve patients' pain, effectively maintain the length of the lateral malleolus, and create good soft tissue conditions for elective surgery under the state of grasping the indications strictly.