bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy sharing based on microscopic level densities
Authors: Randrup Jørgen , Albertsson Martin , Carlsson Gillis , Døssing Thomas , Möller Peter , Åberg Sven 
Published: December 2021

The transformation of a moderately excited heavy nucleus into two excited fission fragments is modeled as a strongly damped evolution of the nuclear shape. The resulting Brownian motion in the multi-dimensional deformation space is guided by the shape-dependent level density which has been calculated microscopically for each of nearly ten million shapes (given in the three-quadratic-surfaces parametrization) by using a previously developed combinatorial method that employs the same single-particle levels as those used for the calculation of the pairing and shell contributions to the five-dimensional macroscopic-microscopic potential-energy surface.The stochastic shape evolution is followed until a small critical neck radius is reached, at which point the mass, charge, and shape of the two proto-fragments are extracted. The available excitation energy is divided statistically on the basis of the microscopic level densities associated with the two distorted fragments. Specific fragment structure features may cause the distribution of the energy disvision to deviate significantly from expectations based on a Fermi-gas level density.After their formation at scission, the initially distorted fragments are being accelerated by their mutual Coulomb repulsion as their shapes relax to their equilibrium forms. The associated distortion energy is converted to additional excitation energy in the fully accelerated fragments. These subsequently undergo sequential neutron evaporation which is calculated using again the appropriate microscopic level densities. The resulting dependence of the mean neutron multiplicity on the fragment mass, as well as the dependence of on the initial excitation energy of the fissioning compound nucleus, exhibit features that are similar to the experimentally observed behavior, suggesting that the microscopic energy sharing mechanism plays an important role in low-energy fission.
Trends that Impact IR’s Future
Authors: Enzmann Dieter 
Published: December 2021

The future of IR will evolve as a result of current trends in advances in medicine, disease biology, technology, and IR devices and accoutrements. Changes in the trends that lie at the center of the differentiation of IR from other treatment specialties will have the greatest impact. Differentiation revolves around image guidance knowledge and procedural treatment skills and involves three key components: access, mapping, and action, all of which have the common thread of imaging knowledge. The main trends that are discussed are: image-guided diagnostics (IgDx), image-guided treatment (IgRx), sub-specialization in IgRx, large device design for IgRx, multimodality IgRx, interdisciplinary IgRx, and decentralized IgRx growth. Success in attaining a patient-facing “front-line” patient position will determine the future not only of IR but of radiology as a field. IgRx is anti-commoditization immunization.
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Cost-effectiveness analysis in radiology: methods, results and implications
Authors: Froelich Matthias F. , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Tollens Fabian , Schnitzer Moritz L. , Schönberg Stefan O. , Kaiser Clemens G. , Rübenthaler Johannes 
Published: December 2021

Background Diagnostic radiological examinations as well as interventional radiological therapies are performed at a steadily increasing rate amidst increasingly limited resources in healthcare systems. Given their potential to contribute decisively to optimized therapy, in most cases associated short-term direct costs can be well justified from a clinical perspective. However, to realize their clinical benefits, they must also succeed in justifying them to payers and policymakers. Therefore, the aim of this work is to present suitable methods for economic analysis of radiological precedures and to elaborate their relevance for radiology.
Methodology Methods and metrics of cost-effectiveness analysis are presented and then exemplified using the example cases of MR mammography and interventional treatment of oligometastatic tumor disease of the liver.
Results Cost-effectiveness considerations, taking into account long-term gains in lifespan and quality of life, as well as potential savings through improved treatment planning, do often objectively and credibly justify short-term additional costs.
Conclusions Cost-effectiveness analyses performed with radiological and health economic expertise can support the establishment of new radiological technologies in diagnostics and therapy.
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Verkalkungsneigung und kardiovaskuläres Risiko bei Dialysepatienten
Authors: Pasch Andreas 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDialysepatienten sind kardiovaskuläre Hochrisikopatienten. Mit Phosphat und Parathormon messen und behandeln wir heute lediglich 2 Faktoren des pathophysiologischen Verkalkungssystems. Als Kliniker sind wir bzgl. der Funktionalität dieses Verkalkungssystems weitgehend im Blindflug unterwegs. Wir behandeln zwar vermutlich das Richtige, können aber weder die Patientenprognose noch die Effektstärke unserer Interventionen gut abschätzen. Diese diagnostische Lücke könnte zukünftig der T50-Test füllen, ein neuartiger funktioneller Bluttest zur Messung der Verkalkungsneigung im Serum. Dieser Test hat das Potenzial, durch eine verbesserte koordinierte Therapielenkung und Einbeziehung etablierter Therapien ins Behandlungskonzept, zu einer Verbesserung des kardiovaskulären Outcomes von Dialysepatienten beizutragen.
CKD-MBD und sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus (Teil 1)
Authors: Ketteler Markus , Hahn Kai 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Begriff CKD-MBD (Chronic Kidney Disease – Mineral Bone Disorder) ist seit einigen Jahren für Störungen des Kalzium-Phosphat-Stoffwechsels und der damit verbundenen Risiken für das Mineral-Knochen- und Herz-Kreislauf-System bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen bekannt. Die Bezeichnung entstand nach einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Pathophysiologie des sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus und da neue Akteure wie FGF23 und Klotho gefunden wurden, die eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung der Störungen spielen. Das wachsende Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen den neuen Akteuren und Kalzium, Phosphat, Vitamin D und Vitamin K2 und der Verkalkung von Gefäßen und Weichteilen beeinflusste unweigerlich unsere Therapien. Dieser erste Teil des Beitrags verschafft einen Überblick über die neuesten Erkenntnisse zum Phosphat-Sensing, die Rolle von FGF23 und Klotho und die Besonderheiten des Vitamin-D- und Vitamin-K-Stoffwechsels bei Gesundheit und chronischer Nierenerkrankung.
Die Bedeutung der Fitness- und Gesundheitsbranche vor,
während und nach der Corona-Krise
Authors: Kobel Sarah 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise verändert das Leben auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise.
Untersuchungen in verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen zeigen, dass
solche lebensverändernden Ereignisse u. a. Einfluss auf
Einstellung, Verhaltensabsichten und tatsächliches Verhalten von
Menschen nehmen können. Für die Fitness- und Gesundheitsbranche
bedeutet dies, dass die Corona-Krise zu einer Veränderung der
Einstellung und des Trainingsverhaltens der Mitglieder führen kann. Sich
wandelnde Ziel- und Werteorientierungen der Mitglieder infolge der Krise
können eine Anpassung des Leistungsangebots der Fitness- und
Gesundheitsstudios erforderlich machen. Um zu verstehen, wie die Corona-Krise
die Branche bislang verändert hat und gegebenenfalls nachhaltig
verändern wird, hat die Deutsche Hochschule für
Prävention und Gesundheitsmanagement (DHfPG) in insgesamt drei
Untersuchungen die Perspektive der Mitglieder in Fitness- und Gesundheitsanlagen
eingenommen. Ziel war es, die Erwartungshaltung der Mitglieder transparent und
die Erkenntnisse für die Betreiber von Fitness- und Gesundheitsanlagen
greifbar sowie umsetzbar zu machen.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine starke emotionale Verbindung zwischen den
Mitgliedern und ihren Fitness- und Gesundheitsanlagen besteht und die
Trainingsmotivation wesentlich an die Öffnung der Anlagen
geknüpft zu sein scheint. Gleichzeitig aber ist eine starke Fokussierung
auf Gesundheit und einen gesundheitsorientierten Lebensstil zu erkennen. Dieser
ganzheitliche Ansatz muss Einzug in das Leistungsangebot der Anlagen halten.
Die ISS am Anfang einer neuen Ära der Raumfahrtmedizin
Authors: Ngo-Anh Thu Jennifer , Ullrich Oliver 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Raumfahrtmedizin steht aktuell vor 2 enormen Herausforderungen: Zum einen erfordern die geplanten interplanetaren Langzeitmissionen eine gewaltige Weiterentwicklung von medizinischem Wissen, Prozeduren und Technologien, die anschließend in einer weitgehend autonomen Umgebung fern der Erde zum Einsatz kommen müssen, zum anderen erfordert die menschliche Präsenz im All neben hochselektierten Berufsastronauten die Einbeziehung eines weitaus größeren Personenkreises an Menschen. Die Internationale Raumstation (ISS) – als Forschungsstation im All in sicherer Nähe zur Erde – ermöglicht seit mehr als 20 Jahren raumfahrtmedizinische Forschung, als zwingende Grundlagen für die Mobilität des Menschen im All und als Laboratorium zur Gewinnung medizinischer Erkenntnisse zur Erhaltung der Gesundheit des Menschen, die auf der Erde so nicht möglich wären. Die ISS ist für die Medizin die Brücke ins All und gleichzeitig ein Laboratorium für die Erde.
Gesundheit im Alter ist kein Zufall
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungGesunde Ernährung und optimale Versorgung mit Mikronährstoffen
sind aus Sicht der orthomolekularen Medizin die wichtigsten Säulen der
Prävention. Der Verzehr industriell hergestellter und verarbeiteter
Nahrungsmittel, von Transfettsäuren, Fleisch aus Massentierhaltung sowie
verarbeiteten Fleisch- und Wurstwaren sollte aufgrund negativer Auswirkungen auf
die Gesundheit gemieden werden. Einen hohen Stellenwert haben kaltgepresste
Öle, naturbelassenes und biologisch erzeugtes Fleisch, frischer Seefisch
sowie Obst und Gemüse aus biologischem Anbau. Kuhmilch ist in
Maßen zu genießen, da sie in größeren Mengen
Gewichtszunahme und Insulinresistenz begünstigt. Die Einnahme von
Medikamenten kann den Bedarf an Mikronährstoffen erhöhen. Ein
Mikronährstoffmangel schwächt das Immunsystem und
begünstigt Krankheiten. Die Supplementierung von Folsäure,
B-Vitaminen, Magnesium, Selen und Vitamin D trägt zur Erhaltung der
Gesundheit bei.
Avaliação das concordâncias intra e interobservadores da nova classificação AO/OTA para fraturas da região trocantérica e do colo do fêmur
Authors: Busato Thiago Sampaio , Baldasso Daniel , Matioski Filho Gladyston Roberto , Godoi Lucas Dias , Morozowski Marcelo Gavazzoni , Capriotti Juan Rodolfo Vilela 
Published: December 2021

Resumo
Objetivo Neste estudo, investigamos a concordância intra e interobservador da nova classificação Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) para fraturas da extremidade proximal do fêmur.
Métodos Foram selecionadas 100 radiografias do quadril de pacientes que sofreram fraturas da região trocantérica ou do colo do fêmur. Quatro ortopedistas cirurgiões de quadril e quatro residentes de ortopedia e traumatologia avaliaram e classificaram as fraturas segundo o novo sistema AO/OTA em duas ocasiões distintas. O coeficiente de kappa (k) foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância intra e interobservador nos diferentes passos da classificação, a saber: tipo, grupo, subgrupo e qualificador.

Resultados Especialistas em cirurgia do quadril obtiveram concordância intraobservador quase perfeita de tipo, substancial para grupo e, apenas moderada para subgrupo e qualificadores. Os residentes tiveram desempenho inferior, com concordância substancial para o tipo, moderada para o grupo, e razoável para o subgrupo e qualificador. Na avaliação interobservadores dos especialistas, também se observou queda gradual da concordância entre tipo (quase perfeita) e grupo (moderada), que se mostrou ainda menor para subgrupo e qualificadores. Residentes tiveram uma concordância interobservadores substancial para tipo, moderada para grupo e razoável nas demais ramificações.
Conclusão A Nova Classificação AO/OTA para fraturas da região trocantérica e do colo do fêmur mostrou concordâncias intra e interobservadores consideradas adequadas para tipo e grupo com queda nas ramificações subsequentes ou seja para subgrupo e qualificador. Ainda assim em relação à classificação AO/OTA antiga houve melhora nas concordâncias para subgrupo.
Stiff Person Syndrome and Encephalitis with GAD Antibodies with Severe Anterograde Amnesia in an Adolescent: A Case Study and Literature Review
Authors: Herbulot Léa , Bost Chloé , Viguier Agnès , Faure-Marie Nathalie , Baudou Eloïse , Cheuret Emmanuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAntiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) encephalitis is rare and few pediatric cases have been reported, with variable clinical presentations. A 14-year-old female adolescent was managed in our department. She had been treated for several months for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and gradually presented major anterograde amnesia with confusion. Upon her arrival at the University Hospital Centre, she showed a classical form of stiff person syndrome. The brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bitemporal hyperintensities and hypertrophy of the amygdala. The blood and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for GAD65 antibodies. At 2 years of immunosuppressive treatment and rehabilitation, the course showed partial improvement of the memory and neuropsychiatric impairment, and epilepsy that continued to be active. GAD65 antibodies are associated with various neurological syndromes, and this presentation combining limbic encephalitis and stiff person syndrome is the first pediatric form published to date; there are also few cases described in adults.
Endoscopic Anatomy of the Zygomatic Nerve: Implications for the Endoscopic Transmaxillary Approach
Authors: Xu Yuanzhi , Nunez Maximiliano Alberto , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction Understanding the anatomic features of the zygomatic nerve is critical for performing the endoscopic transmaxillary approach properly. Injury to the zygomatic nerve can result in facial numbness and corneal problems.
Objective To evaluate the surgical anatomy of the zygomatic nerve and its segments from an endoscopic endonasal perspective for clinical implications of performing the endoscopic transmaxillary approach.
Methods The origin, course, length, and segments of the zygomatic nerve were studied in four specimens from an endonasal perspective.
Results The zygomatic nerve arises 4.1 ± 1.7 mm from the foramen rotundum of the maxillary nerve in the superolateral pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). According to its anatomic region in endonasal endoscopic surgery, we divided the zygomatic nerve into two segments: the PPF segment, from origin to the point of entry under Muller's muscle, which runs superolaterally to the inferior orbital fissure (IOF) (length, 4.6 ± 1.3 mm), and the IOF segment, starting at the entry point in Muller's muscle and terminating at the exit point in the IOF, which travels between Muller's muscle and the great wing of the sphenoid bone (length, 19.6 ± 3.6 mm). In the transmaxillary approach, the zygomatic nerve is a critical landmark in the superolateral PPF.
Conclusion The zygomatic nerve travels in the PPF and the IOF; better visualization and preservation of this nerve during endonasal endoscopic surgery are crucial for successful outcomes.
Abdominal Wall Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bustos Valeria P. , Escandón Joseph M. , Santamaría Eric , Ciudad Pedro , Forte Antonio J. , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto , Leckenby Jonathan I. , Langstein Howard N. , Manrique Oscar J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground Abdominal wall vascularized composite allotransplantation (AW-VCA) is a novel reconstructive technique used for large abdominal wall defects in combination with intestinal transplantation (ITx) or multivisceral abdominal transplantation (MVTx). Since the introduction of this procedure, several studies have been published reporting their experience. This study aims to present a scoping review looking at all available evidence-based medicine information to understand the most current surgical techniques and clinical outcomes.Methods This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews checklist. A comprehensive research strategy of several databases was conducted.Results A total of 31 studies were included in this review, which comprised animal, cadaveric, and human studies. In human studies, four surgical techniques with high flap survival rates and low complication rates were found. In cadaveric studies, it was shown that the use of iliofemoral cuff-based flaps provided adequate tissue perfusion to the abdominal wall graft. Also, the use of thoracolumbar nerves have been described to provide functionality to the AW-VCA and prevent long-term muscle atrophy.Conclusion AW-VCA is a safe and efficient alternative for patients with large and complex abdominal wall defects. The future holds a promising evolution of a functional AW-VCA, though surgeons must face and overcome the challenge of distorted anatomy frequently present in this population. Forthcoming studies with a better level of evidence are required to evaluate functionality and differences between surgical techniques.
Carotid Artery-Cavernous Segment Injury during an Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review of the Overlooked Option for Surgical Trapping in the Hyperacute Phase
Authors: Kahilogullari Gokmen , Bahadır Burak , Bozkurt Melih , Akcalar Seray , Balci Sinan , Arat Anil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInternal carotid artery (ICA) injury is a catastrophic complication of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES). However, its standard management, emergent endovascular treatment, may not always be available, and the transnasal approach may be insufficient to achieve hemostasis.A 44-year-old woman with pituitary adenoma underwent EES complicated with the ICA cavernous segment injury (CSI). In urgent intraoperative angiogram, a good collateral flow from the contralateral carotid circulation was observed. Due to the unavailability of intraoperative embolization, emergent surgical trapping was performed by combined transcranial and cervical approach. The patient recovered but later developed a giant cavernous pseudoaneurysm. During the pseudoaneurysm embolization, ICA was directly accessed via a 1.7-F puncture hole using a bare microcatheter technique. Then, both the aneurysm and parent artery were obliterated with coils. At the 4-year follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic without a residual tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ICA–CSI during EES successfully treated with ICA trapping as a lifesaving urgent surgery that achieved a complete recovery after a pseudoaneurysm embolization. Although several studies reported that EES-related ICA–CSIs with percutaneous carotid artery access, neither our surgical salvage technique nor our carotid access and tract embolization techniques were previously described.
Integrability, normal forms, and magnetic axis coordinates
Authors: Burby J. W. , Duignan N. , Meiss J. D. 
Published: December 2021

Integrable or near-integrable magnetic fields are prominent in the design of plasma confinement devices. Such a field is characterized by the existence of a singular foliation entirely consisting of invariant submanifolds. A compact regular leaf (a flux surface) of this foliation must be diffeomorphic to the two-torus. In a neighborhood of a flux surface, it is known that the magnetic field admits several exact smooth normal forms in which the field lines are straight. However, these normal forms break down near singular leaves, including elliptic and hyperbolic magnetic axes. In this paper, the existence of exact smooth normal forms for integrable magnetic fields near elliptic and hyperbolic magnetic axes is established. In the elliptic case, smooth near-axis Hamada and Boozer coordinates are defined and constructed. Ultimately, these results establish previously conjectured smoothness properties for smooth solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium equations. The key arguments are a consequence of a geometric reframing of integrability and magnetic fields: they are presymplectic systems.
Developing a near-infrared spectroscopy and microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography-based dual-modality imaging system
Authors: Su L. , Xu S. Z. , Huang Y. X. , Wu Q. , Hou Z. W. 
Published: December 2021

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques can provide noninvasive in vivo hemoglobin oxygenation information but suffer from relatively low resolution in biological tissue imaging. Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) can produce high-resolution images of the biological tissue anatomy but offer limited physiological information of samples because of the single species of the chromophore it maps. To overcome these drawbacks and take advantage of the merits of the two independent techniques, we built a dual-modality system by combining a NIRS system and a TAT system to image biological tissues. A series of phantom trials were carried out to demonstrate the performance of the new system. The spatial resolution is about 1 mm, with a penetration depth of at least 17.5 mm in the human subject. A cohort of five healthy subjects was recruited to conduct real-time forearm venous and arterial cuff occlusion experiments. Numerous results showed that this dual-modality system could measure oxygen metabolism and simultaneously provide anatomical structure changes of biological tissues. We also found that although the hemoglobin concentration varied consistently with many other published papers, the TAT signal intensity of veins showed an opposite variation tendency in the venous occlusion stage compared with other existing work. A detailed explanation is given to account for the discrepancy, thus, providing another possibility for the forearm experiments using TAT. Furthermore, based on the multiple types of information afforded by this dual-modality system, a pilot clinical application for the diagnosis of anemia is discussed.
Prediction errors disrupt hippocampal representations and update episodic memories
Authors: Sinclair Alyssa H. , Manalili Grace M. , Brunec Iva K. , Adcock R. Alison , Barense Morgan D. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Our brains draw on memories to predict the future; when our predictions are incorrect, we must update our memories to improve future predictions. Past studies have demonstrated that the hippocampus signals prediction error (i.e., surprise) but have not linked this neural signal to memory updating. Here, we uncover this missing connection. We show that mnemonic prediction errors change the role of the hippocampus, reversing the relationship between hippocampal activation and memory outcomes. We examine the mechanisms of this shift in neural processing, showing that prediction errors disrupt the temporal continuity of hippocampal patterns. We propose that prediction errors disrupt sustained representations and enable memory updating. Our findings bear implications for improving education, understanding eyewitness memory distortion, and treating pathological memories.