bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older adults’ lifestyles are associated with their structural position, health and wellbeing
Authors: Jarosz E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The association between older adults' everyday activities, health and subjective wellbeing has mostly been examined using different activities as separate variables. It has not been analysed which activities are likely to come together in individuals' daily time use patterns, or in what context. Meanwhile, different combinations of activities and contextual variables may indicate distinctive lifestyles. This study looks at a broad range of spontaneously reported activities, their location and social context, and constructs latent behavioural classes. It examines how individuals' class belonging is linked with their structural position, health and wellbeing. The data used in the study came from a sample of 200 noninstitutionalized adults aged 65 and above. Activity data was collected using Experience Sampling Method. Generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM) was used to identify latent classes. Three behavioural classes were identified and labelled as: passive domiciliary, active functional, and social recreational. Lifestyles are related to individuals' structural characteristics and health status. Variables associated with class belonging are age, education, and detailed dimensions of health measured using the Nottingham Health Profile. Class differences in mean subjective wellbeing were statistically significant, but fully explained by sociodemographic and health-related variables. This study shows that behaviours and their settings form distinctive lifestyles, and that there is consistency between objectively measured lifestyles and subjective assessment of individuals' physical and emotional health.

Key messages
There is association between older individuals' daily behaviours and their subjective evaluation of detailed dimensions of their health. This study points to the life-long effects of education and suggests that individuals' socioeconomic characteristics may predict their lifestyle at older age.
Communications and public health
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA, EUPHA-PHMR,   Moderators: Iveta Nagyova (EUPHA), Petronille Bogaert (EUPHA-PHMR)
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Communications have always been a key part of public health. This plenary highlights current communication challenges and opportunities for public health.
At the same time as we have been experiencing a pandemic, the world is also experiencing an “infodemic”: an overabundance of information that occurs during an epidemic. This information may be accurate or not and spreads via digital and physical information systems. It can lead to mistrust in health authorities and undermines the public health response. An infodemic can intensify or lengthen outbreaks when people are unsure about what they need to do to protect their health and the health of people around them. It also impacts citizens in every country, and addressing them is a new and centrally important challenge in responding to disease outbreaks. The public health workforce needs to adapt to this changing environment and its growing digitization — an expansion of social media and internet use.
Once you have the right information, it’s time to change behaviour. In the second part of this plenary, we’ll dive into the theory of behaviour change, as well as present innovative interventions to change behaviour of populations. Behavioural insights combine insights from various disciplines, including psychology, cognitive science, and social science which can be used for policies that promote health and healthy environments.

Speakers
Tina Purnat ECDC Jose Alcami Pertejo Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain Susan Michie UCL Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, UK
Toward a (More) Critical FPA
Authors: Brummer Klaus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractContrary to other subfields of international relations, foreign policy analysis (FPA) has not experienced a “critical turn” yet. This research note suggests that this may be in part because FPA scholarship does already contain certain “critical” features, such as holding decision-makers to account and the incorporation of various “subordinated” actors in its analyses. Having said that, FPA scholarship tends to fall short on other dimensions of critical scholarship. That is, despite its relatively broad analytical net, it nonetheless silences certain actors, places little attention to the effects of foreign policy decisions, and shows a somewhat limited ethical-political engagement. While an outright critical turn is unlikely to be forthcoming not least for epistemological reasons, FPA would still benefit from a further infusion of critical insights.
A distinct inner nuclear membrane proteome inSaccharomyces cerevisiaegametes
Authors: Shelton Shary N , Smith Sarah E , Unruh Jay R , Jaspersen Sue L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteome regulates gene expression, chromatin organization, and nuclear transport; however, it is poorly understood how changes in INM protein composition contribute to developmentally regulated processes, such as gametogenesis. We conducted a screen to determine how the INM proteome differs between mitotic cells and gametes. In addition, we used a strategy that allowed us to determine if spores synthesize their INM proteins de novo, rather than inheriting their INM proteins from the parental cell. This screen used a split-GFP complementation system, where we were able to compare the distribution of all C-terminally tagged transmembrane proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in gametes to that of mitotic cells. Gametes contain a distinct INM proteome needed to complete gamete formation, including expression of genes linked to cell wall biosynthesis, lipid biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, protein degradation, and unknown functions. Based on the inheritance pattern, INM components are made de novo in the gametes. Whereas mitotic cells show a strong preference for proteins with small extraluminal domains, gametes do not exhibit this size preference likely due to the changes in the nuclear permeability barrier during gametogenesis. Taken together, our data provide evidence for INM changes during gametogenesis and shed light on mechanisms used to shape the INM proteome of spores.
Genomics analysis of hexanoic acid exposure inDrosophilaspecies
Authors: Drum Zachary A , Lanno Stephen M , Gregory Sara M , Shimshak Serena J , Ahamed Mukshud , Barr Will , Bekele Bethlehem , Biester Alison , Castro Colleen , Connolly Lauren , DelGaudio Nicole , Humphrey William , Karimi Helen , Karolczak Sophie , Lawrence Tay-Shaun , McCracken Andrew , Miller-Medzon Noah , Murphy Leah , Park Cameron , Park Sojeong , Qiu Chloe , Serra Kevin , Snyder Gigi , Strauss Alexa , Tang Spencer , Vyzas Christina , Coolon Joseph D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDrosophila sechellia is a dietary specialist endemic to the Seychelles islands that has evolved to consume the fruit of Morinda citrifolia. When ripe, the fruit of M. citrifolia contains octanoic acid and hexanoic acid, two medium-chain fatty acid volatiles that deter and are toxic to generalist insects. Drosophila sechellia has evolved resistance to these volatiles allowing it to feed almost exclusively on this host plant. The genetic basis of octanoic acid resistance has been the focus of multiple recent studies, but the mechanisms that govern hexanoic acid resistance in D. sechellia remain unknown. To understand how D. sechellia has evolved to specialize on M. citrifolia fruit and avoid the toxic effects of hexanoic acid, we exposed adult D. sechellia, D. melanogaster and D. simulans to hexanoic acid and performed RNA sequencing comparing their transcriptional responses to identify D. sechellia specific responses. Our analysis identified many more genes responding transcriptionally to hexanoic acid in the susceptible generalist species than in the specialist D. sechellia. Interrogation of the sets of differentially expressed genes showed that generalists regulated the expression of many genes involved in metabolism and detoxification whereas the specialist primarily downregulated genes involved in the innate immunity. Using these data, we have identified interesting candidate genes that may be critically important in aspects of adaptation to their food source that contains high concentrations of HA. Understanding how gene expression evolves during dietary specialization is crucial for our understanding of how ecological communities are built and how evolution shapes trophic interactions.
Population modeling with machine learning can enhance measures of mental health
Authors: Dadi Kamalaker , Varoquaux Gaël , Houenou Josselin , Bzdok Danilo , Thirion Bertrand , Engemann Denis 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Biological aging is revealed by physical measures, e.g., DNA probes or brain scans. In contrast, individual differences in mental function are explained by psychological constructs, e.g., intelligence or neuroticism. These constructs are typically assessed by tailored neuropsychological tests that build on expert judgement and require careful interpretation. Could machine learning on large samples from the general population be used to build proxy measures of these constructs that do not require human intervention?

Results
Here, we built proxy measures by applying machine learning on multimodal MR images and rich sociodemographic information from the largest biomedical cohort to date: the UK Biobank. Objective model comparisons revealed that all proxies captured the target constructs and were as useful, and sometimes more useful, than the original measures for characterizing real-world health behavior (sleep, exercise, tobacco, alcohol consumption). We observed this complementarity of proxy measures and original measures at capturing multiple health-related constructs when modeling from, both, brain signals and sociodemographic data.

Conclusion
Population modeling with machine learning can derive measures of mental health from heterogeneous inputs including brain signals and questionnaire data. This may complement or even substitute for psychometric assessments in clinical populations.
Coping with El Niño: phenotypic flexibility of reproductive traits in red squat lobster determines recruitment success
Authors: Flores Andrés , Wiff Rodrigo , Ahumada Mauricio , Queirolo Dante , Apablaza Pedro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Many organisms display changes in behaviour and life-history traits when facing variabilities in environmental conditions. A subset of these changes comprises reversible within-individual variations, known as phenotypic flexibility. Using red squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon) individuals harvested at the Humboldt Current Ecosystem (HCE), we evaluated how changes in habitat temperatures associated with warm El Niño (EN) conditions and cold La Niña conditions induce phenotypic flexibility in reproductive traits and how this flexibility affects recruitment success. The biological data were obtained from swept area surveys conducted between 2015 and 2020. Remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) data were used to compute anomalies (SSTA). Our results showed that females facing warmer environmental conditions carried more eggs with smaller sizes, and under cold conditions, females carried fewer eggs with larger sizes. The recruitments lagged by 1 year correlated positively with the egg density and negatively with the egg size. Our evidence shows that for phenotypic flexibility to be expressed in recruitment success, the warm conditions experienced by females should match good food availability for the planktonic stages. We discussed how climate change predictions for HCE will amplify responses of the reproductive traits of red squat lobster with strong impacts on recruitment likely.
Validation of the 3M™ Petrifilm™ Coliform Count Plate for Enumeration of Coliforms in Bottled Water: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 082101
Authors: Schumacher April J , Lingle Cari K , Silbernagel Karen M , Thompson-Strehlow Leslie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The 3M™ Petrifilm™ Coliform Count (CC) Plate is a sample-ready-culture medium system which contains modified Violet Red Bile nutrients, a cold-water-soluble gelling agent, and a tetrazolium indicator that facilitates colony enumeration.

Objective
To validate the 3M Petrifilm CC Plate method for bottled water through the AOAC® Performance Tested Method(s)SM program.

Methods
The performance of the 3M Petrifilm CC Plate was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 4, Section III.D for the enumeration of coliforms in bottled water. Matrix data were normalized by log10 transformation and performance indicators included repeatability and difference of means with 90 and 95% confidence intervals. Inclusivity, exclusivity, robustness, and product consistency and stability were evaluated.

Results
This study demonstrated that the 3M Petrifilm CC Plate method detects and enumerates coliforms from bottled water. The average log10 counts of the 3M Petrifilm CC Plate method were equivalent to or better than the average log10 counts of the reference method. Results from inclusivity and exclusivity studies demonstrated that the 3M Petrifilm CC Plate method differentiated coliforms from non-coliform strains. In product consistency, stability, and robustness testing, different lots of 3M Petrifilm CC Plates and small deviations in incubation time and temperature did not affect test results.

Conclusion
The 3M Petrifilm CC Plate method is an accurate and robust method for the enumeration of coliforms in bottled water.

Highlights
The 3M Petrifilm CC Plate allows for detection of confirmed coliforms within 24 h. Up to 20 sample-ready plates can be stacked during incubation, providing flexibility and saving space.
Integrating diverse data sources to predict disease risk in dairy cattle—a machine learning approach
Authors: Lasser Jana , Matzhold Caspar , Egger-Danner Christa , Fuerst-Waltl Birgit , Steininger Franz , Wittek Thomas , Klimek Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Livestock farming is currently undergoing a digital revolution and becoming increasingly data-driven. Yet, such data often reside in disconnected silos making them impossible to leverage their full potential to improve animal well-being. Here, we introduce a precision livestock farming approach, bringing together information streams from a variety of life domains of dairy cattle to study whether including more and diverse data sources improves the quality of predictions for eight diseases and whether using more complex prediction algorithms can, to some extent, compensate for less diverse data. Using three machine learning approaches of varying complexity (from logistic regression to gradient boosted trees) trained on data from 5,828 animals in 165 herds in Austria, we show that the prediction of lameness, acute and chronic mastitis, anestrus, ovarian cysts, metritis, ketosis (hyperketonemia), and periparturient hypocalcemia (milk fever) from routinely available data gives encouraging results. For example, we can predict lameness with high sensitivity and specificity (F1 = 0.74). An analysis of the importance of individual variables to prediction performance shows that disease in dairy cattle is a product of the complex interplay between a multitude of life domains, such as housing, nutrition, or climate, that including more and diverse data sources increases prediction performance, and that the reuse of existing data can create actionable information for preventive interventions. Our findings pave the way toward data-driven point-of-care interventions and demonstrate the added value of integrating all available data in the dairy industry to improve animal well-being and reduce disease risk.
Bisdemethoxycurcumin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal damage through improving barrier integrity, suppressing inflammation, and modulating gut microbiota in broilers
Authors: Zhang Jingfei , Yang Yuxiang , Han Hongli , Zhang Lili , Wang Tian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bisdemethoxycurcumin has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has been widely used as food and feed supplements in the form of curcuminoids. However, the beneficial effect of individual bisdemethoxycurcumin on preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflamed intestinal damage is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation could attenuate LPS-induced intestinal damage and alteration of cecal microbiota in broiler chickens. In total, 320 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chickens with a similar weight were randomly divided into four treatments. The treatments were designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: basal diet (CON); 150 mg/kg bisdemethoxycurcumin diet (BUR); LPS challenge + basal diet (LPS); LPS challenge + 150 mg/kg bisdemethoxycurcumin diet (L-BUR). Results showed that dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation attenuated the LPS-induced decrease of average daily feed intake. LPS challenge compromised the intestinal morphology and disrupted the intestinal tight junction barrier. Dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation significantly increased villus length:crypt depth ratio and upregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins. Moreover, a remarkably reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators was observed following bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation. The cecal microbiota analysis showed that bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation increased the relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium while decreased the relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Subdoligranulum. In conclusion, dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation could counteract LPS-induced inflamed intestinal damage in broiler chickens by improving intestinal morphology, maintaining intestinal tight junction, downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators, and restoring cecal microbiota.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer: A Collaboration Between the American College of Radiology Commissions on Women and Diversity and Breast Imaging
Authors: Smetherman Dana , Biggs Kelly , Fayanju Oluwadamilola M , Grosskreutz Scott , Khan Zahra , Malak Sharp , Moseley Tanya , Smith-Graziani Demetria , Valero Vicente , Lightfoote Johnson 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Since the 1980s, the mortality rate from breast cancer in the United States has dropped almost 40%. The quality of life and survival gains from early detection and improved treatment have not been shared equally by all ethnic groups, however. Many factors, including social determinants of health, unequal access to screening and oncologic care, and differences in incidence, tumor biology, and risk factors, have contributed to these unequal breast cancer outcomes. As breast radiologists approach their own patients, they must be aware that minority women are disproportionately affected by breast cancer at earlier ages and that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women are impacted by greater severity of disease than non-Hispanic White women. Guidelines that do not include women younger than 50 and/or have longer intervals between examinations could have a disproportionately negative impact on minority women. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic could worsen existing disparities in breast cancer mortality. Increased awareness and targeted efforts to identify and mitigate all of the underlying causes of breast cancer disparities will be necessary to realize the maximum benefit of screening, diagnosis, and treatment and to optimize quality of life and mortality gains for all women. Breast radiologists, as leaders in breast cancer care, have the opportunity to address and reduce some of these disparities for their patients and communities.
Honey Bees and Industrial Agriculture: What Researchers are Missing, and Why it’s a Problem
Authors: Shanahan Maggie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Industrial agriculture is the root cause of many health problems that honey bees (Apis mellifera Linneaus, 1758) face, but honey bee researchers seldom call attention to this fact. We often discuss the stressors that contribute to colony loss (e.g., pathogens, pesticides, poor nutrition), but we rarely talk about where those stressors come from. This is a problem because we cannot resolve honey bee health issues unless we confront the systems that cause them harm. In this forum article, I unpack the relationship between honey bee health and industrial agriculture. I propose steps we can take to reframe our research to account for the impacts of this destructive system, and I discuss the uncomfortable questions that surface when we engage in this process. The goal of this article is to encourage conversation within the honey bee research community around the impacts of industrial agriculture, so that we can fully engage in the transformative change needed to support honey bee health.
Tenderness of the knee is associated with thinning of the articular cartilage evaluated with ultrasonography in a community-based cohort: The Nagahama study
Authors: Saito Motoo , Nishitani Kohei , Ito Hiromu , Ikezoe Tome , Furu Moritoshi , Okahata Akinori , Nigoro Kazuya , Kawata Tomotoshi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kuriyama Shinichi , Tabara Yasuharu , Ichihashi Noriaki , Tsuboyama Tadao , Matsuda Fumihiko , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to elucidate the association between joint line tenderness (JLT) of the knee and knee joint structural changes evaluated with ultrasonography (US) for the early diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 121 participants (age 71.7 ± 5.8 years, 75 women) from a community-based population. Bilateral structural changes in the knee joint were evaluated with US, and the presence or absence of JLT was evaluated using a pressure algometer. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) of US findings for the presence of JLT. Moreover, when the analysis was limited to knees with pre-/early radiographic KOA, the ORs were also calculated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong the 242 knees, 38 had medial JLT, which was significantly associated with female sex (OR 11.87) and loss of cartilage thickness of the distal medial femoral condyle (CTh-MFC) (OR 0.12). Among 96 knees with Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≤ 2, 18 knees had medial JLT, which was also significantly associated with loss of CTh-MFC (OR 0.07) and medial osteophytes (OR 2.01).ConclusionsJLT is significantly associated with thinning of the femoral cartilage and larger osteophytes in elderly patients, even in those with pre-/early radiographic KOA.