bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic constrained optimization on flow networks
Authors: Schuster Michael , Strauch Elisa , Gugat Martin , Lang Jens 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUncertainty often plays an important role in dynamic flow problems. In this paper, we consider both, a stationary and a dynamic flow model with uncertain boundary data on networks. We introduce two different ways how to compute the probability for random boundary data to be feasible, discussing their advantages and disadvantages. In this context, feasible means, that the flow corresponding to the random boundary data meets some box constraints at the network junctions. The first method is the spheric radial decomposition and the second method is a kernel density estimation. In both settings, we consider certain optimization problems and we compute derivatives of the probabilistic constraint using the kernel density estimator. Moreover, we derive necessary optimality conditions for an approximated problem for the stationary and the dynamic case. Throughout the paper, we use numerical examples to illustrate our results by comparing them with a classical Monte Carlo approach to compute the desired probability.
Genetic Diversity and Population Assessment of Musa L. (Musaceae) Employing CDDP Markers
Authors: Igwe David Okeh , Ihearahu Onyinye Constance , Osano Anne Adhiambo , Acquaah George , Ude George Nkem 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSixty-six accessions ofMusagenus with different genomic groups that consisted of wild relatives and cultivated lines were obtained from the International Transit Center, Belgium, for DNA extraction using Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide method, followed by amplification with Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP) markers for genetic diversity and population assessment. A total of 421 alleles with major allele frequency of 2.051 were detected from the reproducible markers. High genetic diversity (GD, 11.093) and polymorphic information content (0.918) were revealed. The number of polymorphic loci and percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 59 to 66 and 89.34 to 100, respectively. Using the potential genetic indicators including effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity, and Shannon’s information index, the AS genomic group was identified to have the highest GD, while the AAA accessions had the lowest GD indices. The GD parameters identified in the accessions were ranked as AS > AAB > AAAA > AA > ABB > wild diploidy > BB > AB > AAA from high to low based on polymorphic loci of the markers. Total intraspecific GD, interspecific GD, and estimate gene flow identified were 0.433, 0.404, and 7.113, respectively. The coefficient of gene differentiation of 0.066 was obtained, indicating 6.57% among the population and 93.43% within the population. Dendrogram analysis produced nine major groups with subgroups at similarity index of 0.814. These CDDP functional gene-based markers were informative and very efficient in resolving GD, and population indices among the banana and plantain accessions of different genomes. The identified CDDP markers might serve as potential tools for selecting suitable training populations for breeding and conservation ofMusaspecies.
Scientific conclusions need not be accurate, justified, or believed by their authors
Authors: Dang Haixin , Bright Liam Kofi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe argue that the main results of scientific papers may appropriately be published even if they are false, unjustified, and not believed to be true or justified by their author. To defend this claim we draw upon the literature studying the norms of assertion, and consider how they would apply if one attempted to hold claims made in scientific papers to their strictures, as assertions and discovery claims in scientific papers seem naturally analogous. We first use a case study of William H. Bragg’s early twentieth century work in physics to demonstrate that successful science has in fact violated these norms. We then argue that features of the social epistemic arrangement of science which are necessary for its long run success require that we do not hold claims of scientific results to their standards. We end by making a suggestion about the norms that it would be appropriate to hold scientific claims to, along with an explanation of why the social epistemology of science—considered as an instance of collective inquiry—would require such apparently lax norms for claims to be put forward.
Genetic diversity analysis of Chinese plum (Prunus salicina L.) based on whole-genome resequencing
Authors: Wei Xiao , Shen Fei , Zhang Qiuping , Liu Ning , Zhang Yuping , Xu Ming , Liu Shuo , Zhang Yujun , Ma Xiaoxue , Liu Weisheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChinese plum (Prunus salicina L.), also known as Japanese plum, is gaining importance because of its extensive genetic diversity and nutritional attributes that are beneficial for human health. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant form of genomic polymorphisms and are widely used in population genetics research. In this study, we constructed high-quality SNPs through whole-genome resequencing of 67 Prunus accessions with a depth of ~20× to evaluate the genome-level diversity and population structure. Phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis, and population structure profiling indicated that the 67 plum accessions could be classified into four groups corresponding to their origin location, the southern cultivar group (SCG), the northern cultivar group (NCG), the foreign cultivar group (FG), and the mixed cultivar group (MG). Some cultivars from South China clustered with the other three groups. The genetic diversity indices including private allele number, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and the nucleotide diversity of the SCG were higher than those of the NCG. Gene flow from the SCG to FG was also detected. Based on the distribution of wild resources, we concluded that the domestication center of origin of the Chinese plum was southwestern China. This study also provided genetic variation features and the population structure of Chinese plum cultivars, laying a foundation for breeders to use diverse germplasm and allelic variants to improve Chinese plum varieties.
THE BEGINNING OF THE IRON AGE AT ARSLANTEPE: A14C PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Manuelli Federico , Vignola Cristiano , Marzaioli Fabio , Passariello Isabella , Terrasi Filippo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe Iron Age chronology at Arslantepe is the result of the interpretation of Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions and archaeological data coming from the site and its surrounding region. A new round of investigations of the Iron Age levels has been conducted at the site over the last 10 years. Preliminary results allowed the combination of the archaeological sequence with the historical events that extended from the collapse of the Late Bronze Age empires to the formation and development of the new Iron Age kingdoms. The integration into this picture of a new set of radiocarbon (14C) dates is aimed at establishing a more solid local chronology. High precision14C dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and its correlation with archaeobotanical analysis and stratigraphic data are presented here with the purpose of improving our knowledge of the site’s history and to build a reliable absolute chronology of the Iron Age. The results show that the earliest level of the sequence dates to ca. the mid-13th century BC, implying that the site started developing a new set of relationships with the Levant already before the breakdown of the Hittite empire, entailing important historical implications for the Syro-Anatolian region at the end of the 2nd millennium BC.
UNIFORM LOWER BOUND AND LIOUVILLE TYPE THEOREM FOR FRACTIONAL LICHNEROWICZ EQUATIONS
Authors: DUONG ANH TUAN , NGUYEN VAN HOANG , NGUYEN THI QUYNH 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the fractional parabolic Lichnerowicz equation

$$ \begin{align*} v_t+(-\Delta)^s v=v^{-p-2}-v^p \quad\mbox{in } \mathbb R^N\times\mathbb R \end{align*} $$
where
$p>0$
and

$ 0<s<1 $
. We establish a Liouville-type theorem for positive solutions in the case

$p>1$
and give a uniform lower bound of positive solutions when

$0<p\leq 1$
. In particular, when v is independent of the time variable, we obtain a similar result for the fractional elliptic Lichnerowicz equation
$$ \begin{align*} (-\Delta)^s u=u^{-p-2}-u^p \quad\mbox{in }\mathbb R^N \end{align*} $$
with

$p>0$
and

$0<s<1$
. This extends the result of Brézis [‘Comments on two notes by L. Ma and X. Xu’, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris349(5–6) (2011), 269–271] to the fractional Laplacian.
Did Terrorism Affect Voting in the Brexit Referendum?
Authors: Bove Vincenzo , Efthyvoulou Georgios , Pickard Harry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article contributes to the recent research on Brexit and public opinion formation by contending that the determinants of the referendum results should be evaluated against the background of wider public security concerns. The British public has long regarded terrorism as a top concern, more so than in any other European country. Terrorist attacks on UK soil raised voters' awareness of security issues and their saliency in the context of the EU referendum. The study finds that locations affected by terrorist violence in their proximity exhibit an increase in the share of pro-Remain votes, particularly those that experienced more sensational attacks. Using individual-level data, the results show that in the aftermath of terrorist attacks, citizens are more likely to reconsider the security risks involved in leaving the EU.
Geometric Attributes of Polygonal Crack Patterns in Columnar Joints
Authors: Akiba Y. , Takashima A. , Inoue A. , Ishidaira H. , Shima H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA well‐ordered polygonal crack pattern is frequently observed on the outcrop surface of columnar joints. The crack pattern's geometry and topology result from the volume contraction of solidified lava during thermal dissipation. In this study, we conducted field measurements of columnar joints at four different sites with various lithologies in Japan to understand the influence of geography and lithological character on their geometric characteristics. Drone‐aided photography and computer‐based image analysis enabled us to examine the constituent polygons' geometric attributes and their statistics with high accuracy. This methodology revealed a relationship between the geometry and topology of the polygonal crack patterns. Moreover, we established a positive correlation between the polygon area and the number of vertices of a polygon at each study site, irrespective of lithology, or geographic position. These results are consistent with previous investigational studies, in particular starch‐based analog experiments.
Exploring the Suitability of Ecosystem Metabolomes to Assess Imprints of Brownification and Nutrient Enrichment on Lakes
Authors: Fonvielle Jeremy A. , Giling Darren P. , Dittmar Thorsten , Berger Stella A. , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Lyche Solheim Anne , Gessner Mark O. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Singer Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLoadings of colored dissolved organic matter (cDOM) and nutrients affect lake ecosystem functioning in opposite ways, rendering assessments of combined effects challenging. We used the “ecosystem metabolome” as a conceptual framework to overcome this problem by characterizing the chemically diverse pool of DOM in lakes. The underlying rationale is that the diversity of dissolved metabolites bears the legacy of allochthonous inputs, autochthonous primary production, and a wealth of organic matter transformations resulting from microbial or photodegradation. Our objective was to assess whether high‐resolution mass‐spectrometric analyses can unlock that information on DOM origin and transformation pathways as well as environmental drivers imprinting the lake ecosystem metabolome. We performed a large‐scale enclosure experiment to assess the influences of brownification and nutrient enrichment on the composition and diversity of DOM, and a complementary bottle incubation to isolate the effect of photodegradation. For validation, we assessed whether the same patterns emerge from published observational data from 109 Swedish lakes. Ultra‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry distinguished ∼3000 metabolites in solid‐phase extracts of lake water. Network analysis revealed five metabolite clusters that could be related to different source processes based on molecular weight, position in van Krevelen diagrams and assignment to molecular categories (peptides, lipids, etc.). Emergent DOM properties such as molecular diversity provided insights into the processes generating each of the five DOM clusters. Overall, our data suggest that the thousands of molecular formulas comprising ecosystem metabolomes of lakes arise from few major processes and reflect imprints of environmental drivers such as brownification and nutrient enrichment.
Simulation and Analysis of Geomagnetically Induced Current Levels in Shandong Power Grid
Authors: Wang Han , Xing Zan‐Yang , Balan Nanan , Wang Yan‐Ling , Zhang Qing‐He , Liang Li‐Kai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeomagnetically induced current (GIC) in utility systems such as electric power grids occurring during extreme geomagnetic storms can exceed the tolerance limit of the systems, which can cause serious system damages. It has therefore been important to evaluate the GIC levels in the utility systems. This study presents the simulation and analysis of GIC levels in the Shandong 500 kV power grid system consisting of 34 substations under a variety of uniform induced geoelectric fields. The line type, substation grounding resistance, and other influencing factors are included in the simulations. The results show that the GIC level varies largely in the 34 substations. In 11 substations, the GIC exceeds 100 A and it reaches up to ∼200 A in two substations for an assumed 1 V/km induced electric field. The changes in the GIC distribution are found consistent with the direction changes of the electric field. Utilizing the directional sensitivity, we calculate the maximum GIC level for the optimum direction for all substations. By combining this information with statistical tools, we propose a method for identifying the key substations which are most vulnerable. The result can provide suggestions for GIC disaster prevention and mitigation, substation site selection, monitoring equipment installation, and so on, in Shandong province.
Wolfram-like syndrome with bicuspid aortic valve due to a homozygous missense variant in CDK13
Authors: Acharya Anushree , Raza Syed Irfan , Anwar Muhammad Zeeshan , Bharadwaj Thashi , Liaqat Khurram , Khokhar Muhammad Akram Shahzad , Everard Jenna L. , Nasir Abdul ,   University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Nickerson Deborah A. , Bamshad Michael J. , Ansar Muhammad , Schrauwen Isabelle , Ahmad Wasim , Leal Suzanne M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is characterized by deafness, diabetes mellitus, and diabetes insipidus along with optic atrophy. WFS has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and is due to variants in WFS1 and CISD2.

Methods
We evaluated the underlying molecular etiology of three affected members of a consanguineous family with hearing impairment, bicuspid aortic valve, diabetes mellitus and insipidus, clinodactyly, and gastrointestinal tract abnormalities via exome sequencing approach. We correlated clinical and imaging data with the genetic findings and their associated phenotypes.

Results
We identified a homozygous missense variant p.(Asn1097Lys) in CDK13, a gene previously associated with autosomal dominant congenital heart defects, dysmorphic facial features, clinodactyly, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, intellectual developmental disorder, and seizures with variable phenotypic features.

Conclusion
We report a homozygous variant in CDK13 and suggest that this gene causes an autosomal recessive disorder with hearing impairment, bicuspid aortic valve, diabetes mellitus and insipidus, clinodactyly, and gastrointestinal tract abnormalities.
Evolution of genetic networks for human creativity
Authors: Zwir I. , Del-Val C. , Hintsanen M. , Cloninger K. M. , Romero-Zaliz R. , Mesa A. , Arnedo J. , Salas R. , Poblete G. F. , Raitoharju E. , Raitakari O. , Keltikangas-Järvinen L. , de Erausquin G. A. , Tattersall I. , Lehtimäki T. , Cloninger C. R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe genetic basis for the emergence of creativity in modern humans remains a mystery despite sequencing the genomes of chimpanzees and Neanderthals, our closest hominid relatives. Data-driven methods allowed us to uncover networks of genes distinguishing the three major systems of modern human personality and adaptability: emotional reactivity, self-control, and self-awareness. Now we have identified which of these genes are present in chimpanzees and Neanderthals. We replicated our findings in separate analyses of three high-coverage genomes of Neanderthals. We found that Neanderthals had nearly the same genes for emotional reactivity as chimpanzees, and they were intermediate between modern humans and chimpanzees in their numbers of genes for both self-control and self-awareness. 95% of the 267 genes we found only in modern humans were not protein-coding, including many long-non-coding RNAs in the self-awareness network. These genes may have arisen by positive selection for the characteristics of human well-being and behavioral modernity, including creativity, prosocial behavior, and healthy longevity. The genes that cluster in association with those found only in modern humans are over-expressed in brain regions involved in human self-awareness and creativity, including late-myelinating and phylogenetically recent regions of neocortex for autobiographical memory in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, as well as related components of cortico-thalamo-ponto-cerebellar-cortical and cortico-striato-cortical loops. We conclude that modern humans have more than 200 unique non-protein-coding genes regulating co-expression of many more protein-coding genes in coordinated networks that underlie their capacities for self-awareness, creativity, prosocial behavior, and healthy longevity, which are not found in chimpanzees or Neanderthals.
Impact of chronic respiratory diseases on re-intubation rate in critically ill patients: a cohort study
Authors: Shen Yanfei , Ru Weizhe , Huang Xinmei , Chen Shangzhong , Yan Jing , Yang Zhouxin , Cai Guolong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic respiratory diseases’ (CRDs) impact on re-intubation rate remains unclear. We investigated the association between these factors in mechanically ventilated patients. Data were extracted from the freely available online Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. CRDs were defined according to ICD-9 codes. Generalised linear regression and propensity score matching were performed. Of 13,132 patients, 7.9% required re-intubation. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had higher re-intubation (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.83–3.33) and mortality rates (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.15–2.34) than those without. Patients with asthma had a lower mortality rate (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43–0.92) but a similar re-intubation rate to those of patients without. These findings remained stable after propensity score matching and bootstrapping analysis. The association of COPD with re-intubation was significantly stronger in patients with high oxygen-partial pressure (PaO2) or mild disease severity but was independent of carbon dioxide partial pressure. Corticosteroid use was associated with increased re-intubation rates in subgroups without CRDs (OR 1.77–1.99, p < 0.001) but not in subgroups with CRDs. COPD patients with high post-extubation PaO2 or mild disease severity should be carefully monitored as they have higher re-intubation and mortality rates.
Fatty liver index is independently associated with deterioration of renal function during a 10-year period in healthy subjects
Authors: Takahashi Satoko , Tanaka Marenao , Furuhashi Masato , Moniwa Norihito , Koyama Masayuki , Higashiura Yukimura , Osanami Arata , Gocho Yufu , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Numata Keita , Hisasue Takashi , Hanawa Nagisa , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA potential link between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been suggested. We investigated the relationship between fatty liver index (FLI), a noninvasive and simple predictor of NAFLD, and the development of CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or positive for urinary protein during a 10-year follow-up period in subjects who received annual health examinations (n = 28,890). After exclusion of CKD at baseline, a total of 14,163 subjects (male/female: 9077/5086) were recruited. During the 10-year period, 1458 males (16.1%) and 737 females (14.5%) had new onset of CKD. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with a restricted cubic spline showed that hazard ratios (HRs) of CKD development increased with a higher FLI at baseline in both males and females after adjustment of confounders. When divided by tertiles of FLI level at baseline (T1 ~ T3), the adjusted risk of CKD development in the T3 group (HR [95% confidence interval], male/female: 1.33 [1.16–1.54]/1.33 [1.08–1.63]) was significantly higher than that in both sexes in the T1 group as the reference. The addition of FLI into traditional risk factors significantly improved the discriminatory capability for predicting CKD. In conclusion, a high level of FLI predicts the development of CKD in both sexes in a general population.
Functionalization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinesviaradical reactions
Authors: Ma Chun-Hua , Chen Ming , Feng Zhi-Wen , Zhang Yan , Wang Jin , Jiang Yu-Qin , Yu Bing 
Published: April 2021

The recent advances in radical reactions for the direct functionalization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines are reviewed.
Organspende in Deutschland: „Wind of Change“?
Authors: Braun Felix , Abel Wiebke , Middel Claus-Dieter 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland besteht seit vielen Jahrzehnten ein Spenderorganmangel, der im Jahr 2017 einen historischen Tiefpunkt erreichte. Die Analyse des Spenderorganmangels ergab vielschichtige Ursachen und Ansatzpunkte, die in 2 Gesetzesänderungen resultierten. Das Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Zusammenarbeit und der Strukturen bei der Organspende stärkt insbesondere die Funktion der Transplantationsbeauftragten in den Spenderkrankenhäusern. Das Gesetz zur Stärkung der Entscheidungsbereitschaft bei der Organspende beinhaltet die Einrichtung eines Organspenderegisters. Die gesetzlichen Änderungen sollen durch einen Aktionsplan in der Umsetzung begleitet werden. Das langfristige Ziel der ergriffenen Maßnahmen ist eine Steigerung der Organspenderate durch einen rationalen und nicht emotionalen Umgang mit dem Thema, das gesellschaftlich akzeptiert zu einer Kultur der Organspende in Deutschland führen kann.
Quo vadis, Kurortmedizin?
Authors: Niklas Anke 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDie Verlagerung von Kurortangeboten in den zweiten Gesundheitsmarkt eröffnet auch Chancen – Sich wieder dem Individuum widmen und auf die persönlichen Möglichkeiten und Erwartungen eingehen Ein Gespräch mit Prof. Karl-Ludwig Resch
Yb(OTf)3-Mediated Regioselective Hydroamination of Ynamides with Anilines and p-Toluenesulfonamide
Authors: Zeng Xiaobao , Gu Qingyun , Dai Wenjing , Xie Yushan , Liu Xinyi , Wu Guixia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA rare-earth salt Yb(OTf)3-catalyzed regioselective hydroamination of ynamides with anilines and p-toluenesulfonamide has been developed. This protocol provided facile access to a diverse range of amidines with good functional group tolerance in moderate to high yields.