bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion in young children in Japan
Authors: Ogawa Yui , Kunimoto Masaru , Takeno Sachio , Sonoyama Toru , Ishino Takashi , Hamamoto Takao , Ueda Tsutomu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivePneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been reported to reduce the incidence of myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion (MTTI) in children. However, little information is available focusing specific ages. We examined the prophylactic efficacy of PCVs on the onset of complex otitis media (ComOM) that requires MTTI.MethodFrom 2011, the public support for PCV7 started with the usual four‐dose schedule and an emergency schedule for 2‐ to 4‐year‐old children in Japan. PCV7 was replaced with PCV13 in 2013. We reviewed the nationwide database obtained from the JMDC Claims Database (https://www.jmdc.co.jp/en/) to examine the MTTI incidence during the era before and after PCV introduction (from 2008 to 2010 and from 2011 to 2017, respectively). Subjects were analyzed by stratified age groups (from 0 to 8 years old) and in subdivided groups of 6 months (from 0 to 35 months old). We compared the MTTI incidence between the groups for each age as well as between those for each calendar year.ResultsA significant reduction in the MTTI incidence was detected in the 1‐year‐old children of the PCV era compared to those of the pre‐PCV era. The reduction rates were more prominent in the 12–17 months group as compared to the 18–23 months group (PCV7 p = .005 and PCV13 p = .011, PCV7 p = .014 and PCV13 p = .153, respectively). The significant difference in the 1‐year‐old children continued in six of seven calendar years from 2011 to 2017, whereas no significant reduction was detected in children >3 years old.ConclusionsThe introduction of both PCV7 and PCV13 reduced MTTI incidences in children around 1 year old, and the effects were more prominent during the early half‐periods. Our results support etiological evidence that pneumococcal infection in children aged 1 year and younger might play roles in the pathogenesis of ComOM that requires MTTI.
Dysphagia, hypothyroidism, and osteoradionecrosis after radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Ranta Pihla , Kytö Eero , Nissi Linda , Kinnunen Ilpo , Vahlberg Tero , Minn Heikki , Haapio Eeva , Nelimarkka Lassi , Irjala Heikki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the long‐term side effects of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsRetrospective chart analysis of all 688 HNC patients treated during 2010–2015 at Turku University Hospital, Finland. All patients who survived for more than a year after RT/chemoRT were included (n = 233). Intensity modulated RT (IMRT) with standard fractionation was applied in each case.ResultsOne hundred and six patients (45%) reported persisting dysphagia, for which neck RT increased risk. Definitive neck RT to high‐risk volume did not increase late toxicity risks compared to elective neck RT. Radiation‐induced hypothyroidism (29%, n = 67) was more common among younger patients and females. Osteoradionecrosis (12%, n = 29) was more common in the oral cavity cancer group (20.7%, n = 92) compared to all other subsites.ConclusionsLate toxicities of RT for HNC are common. Age, gender, tumor subsite, and neck RT affect susceptibility to long‐term side effects.Level of evidence4.
Realization of Exciton‐Mediated Optical Spin‐Orbit Interaction in Organic Microcrystalline Resonators
Authors: Ren Jiahuan , Liao Qing , Ma Xuekai , Schumacher Stefan , Yao Jiannian , Fu Hongbing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe ability to control the spin‐orbit interaction (SOI) of light in optical microresonators is of fundamental importance for future photonics. Organic microcrystals, due to their giant optical anisotropy, play a crucial role in spin‐optics and topological photonics. Here, the controllable and wavelength‐dependent Rashba–Dresselhaus (RD) SOI is realized that is attributed to the anisotropic excitonic response in an optical microcavity filled with an organic microcrystalline. This work investigates the transition of the spin‐splitting from twice winding caused by the splitting of the transverse‐electric and transverse‐magnetic modes to once winding caused by the RD effect. The interplay of the two allows engineer the SOI of light in organic microcavities, which besides its fundamental interest promises applications in spin‐controlled on‐chip integrated nanophotonic elements, toward exploiting nonmagnetic and low‐cost spin‐photonic devices.
Two Selective Sites Control of Cr3+‐Doped ABO4 Phosphors for Tuning Ultra‐Broadband Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence and Multi‐Applications
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Liu Dongjie , Dang Peipei , Lian Hongzhou , Li Guogang , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAchieving ultra‐broadband and tunable photoluminescence of near‐infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors is a key challenge for realizing its multi‐applications. Here, a series of new ABO4:Cr3+`(A3+ = Ga, Sc, In; B5+ = Ta, Nb) NIR‐emitting phosphors with unprecedented tunable photoluminescence based on crystallographic site engineering and crystal field regulation is reported. Large spectral tuning from NIR‐I to NIR‐II is realized with the peak position varying from 825 to 1025 nm, by cation substitution with decreasing crystal field strength. Broadened full‐width at half maximum from 125 to 231 nm can be tailored by controlling the occupancy of Cr3+ on two different sites. Potential multi‐applications of the tunable NIR emitting phosphors are proposed and validated in NIR spectroscopy detection, night vision, penetrating biology tissue, and so on. This work demonstrates that crystallographic site engineering can effectively tune the NIR optical properties of Cr3+‐doped phosphor materials for multi‐photoelectric applications.
Lisdexamfetamine Therapy in Paroxysmal Non‐kinesigenic Dyskinesia Associated with the KCNMA1‐N999S Variant
Authors: Keros Sotirios , Heim Jennifer , Hakami Wejdan , Zohar‐Dayan Efrat , Ben‐Zeev Bruria , Grinspan Zach , Kruer Michael C. , Meredith Andrea L. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundKCNMA1‐linked channelopathy is a rare movement disorder first reported in 2005. Paroxysmal non‐kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) in KCNMA1‐linked channelopathy is the most common symptom in patients harboring the KCNMA1‐N999S mutation. PNKD episodes occur up to hundreds of times daily with significant morbidity and limited treatment options, often in the context of epilepsy.CasesWe report 6 cases with the KCNMA1‐N999S variant treated with lisdexamfetamine (0.7–1.25 mg/kg/day), a pro‐drug of dextroamphetamine. Data were collected retrospectively from interviews and chart review. Parent‐reported daily PNKD episode counts were reduced under treatment, ranging from a 10‐fold decrease to complete resolution.ConclusionOur findings suggest that lisdexamfetamine is an effective therapy for PNKD3 (KCNMA1‐associated PNKD). Treatment produced dramatic reductions in debilitating dyskinesia episodes, without provocation or exacerbation of other KCNMA1‐associated symptoms such as seizures.
Variable expressivity in a family with an aggrecanopathy
Authors: Denis Antoine , Chergui Sami , Basalom Shuaa , Campeau Philippe M. , Janelle Chantal , Pauyo Thierry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteochondritis dissecans is a condition wherein there is a subchondral bone lesion that causes pain, inflammation, and cartilage damage. Dominant Familial Osteochondritis Dissecans is a rare and severe form of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). It is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the gene encoding Aggrecan; ACAN. Aggrecan, a proteoglycan, is an essential component of the articular and growth plate cartilage.MethodsHerein, we report three individuals from one family; the proband who presented with short stature, a lower limb bone exostosis, and bilateral knee and elbow OCD at the age of 13 years old. His twin brother presented with isolated short stature and his father with short stature and lumbar disc herniation.ResultsNext‐generation sequencing of the ACAN gene in the proband identified a frameshift variant which is also present in the brother and father with short stature. The proband was treated surgically with bilateral elbow microfracture, after the failure of conservative therapy.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient with an aggrecanopathy who presents with osteochondritis dissecans due to a frameshift variant. This family presents with variable expressivity which might be attributed to modifier genes.
Molecular Energies Derived from Deep Learning: Application to the Prediction of Formation Enthalpies Up to High Energy Compounds
Authors: Mathieu Didier 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTotal electronic energies and frequencies predicted using the deep learning models ANI‐1x and ANI‐1ccx are converted to gas‐phase formation enthalpies ΔfH0 using an atom equivalent (AE) scheme for a database of CHNO compounds. As expected from the accuracy of those models in predicting reference DFT frequencies and DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/CBS energies, this procedure usually outperforms DFT‐based AE schemes. However, for some compounds, including energetic molecules, significant deviations from experiment are observed, larger than obtained using DFT procedures. A close examination of the GDB‐11 database from which the training data was drawn reveals that many structures of interest in the energetic materials community are excluded from this extensive compilation primarily focused on drug discovery and designed with stability constraints in mind. This points to the urgent need to set up a comparable database including energetic species of interest for the design of energetic materials such as propellants or explosives.
Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Thirteen Animal-Based Feedstuffs by the Orange-spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides
Authors: He Yuanfa , Wang Wenjuan , Tan Beiping , Dong Xiaohui , Yang Qihui , Liu Hongyu , Chi Shuyan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of 13 animal-based feedstuffs were determined for a common aquaculture fish, the Orange-spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides. The feedstuffs included five kinds of fish meal (white fish meal [WFM]; low-temperature-steam-dried brown fish meal [LTSBFM]; domestic flame-dried fish meal; imported flame-dried fish meal; miscellaneous fish meal [MFM]), two kinds of blood meal (spray-dried hemoglobin meal; dried-blood meal [DBM]), and six kinds of animal by-product meal (chicken meal; meat and bone meal; pork meat meal; fermented feather meal [FFM]; hydrolyzed feather meal [HFM]; shrimp meal). Experimental diets were composed of reference diet at 699 g/kg, yttrium oxide at 1 g/kg (as a tracer), and each tested feedstuff at 300 g/kg. The ADCs of dry matter, crude protein, lipid, gross energy, phosphorus, and amino acids were determined for each experimental diet by the fecal sedimentation method. Overall, the ADCs of dry matter, crude protein, lipid, energy, phosphorus, and amino acids had ranges of 61.39–76.72, 72.23–91.96, 60.75–91.56, 45.20–88.45, 39.61–76.20, and 70.39–96.71%, respectively. The protein ADCs of the WFM (91.96%) and LTSBFM (91.28%) diets were significantly higher than those of the other feeds. The protein ADCs of the remaining tested diets were over 80%, except for those of the MFM, DBM, and HFM diets. The DBM and HFM diets each had the lowest and second-lowest ADCs of crude protein, lipid, and energy. In conclusion, Orange-spotted Grouper demonstrated high nutrient digestibility for the tested animal-based feedstuffs except MFM, DBM, FFM, and HFM. This digestibility information can aid in the formulation of feed substitutes for least cost diets to be used with cultured Orange-spotted Grouper.
Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles on the Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota in Juvenile Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Gyan Ray Watson , Yang Qihui , Tan Beiping , Dong Xiaohui , Chi Shuyan , Liu Hongyu , Zhang Shuang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted to assess the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) at various levels (D1 [0% of total diet] as control diet, D2 [2%], D3 [4%], D4 [6%], D5 [8%], D6 [12%], and D7 [16%]) on the growth performance and gut microbiota in juvenile Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp with an initial weight of 0.23 ± 0.00 g (mean ± SD) were stocked (40 shrimp/tank) in seven different tanks, with three replicates of each treatment group. Shrimp were fed their respective experimental diets for 56 d. Afterwards, an Illumina-based sequencing method was used to examine the intestinal bacterial composition of the shrimp. The results showed an enhancement of growth performance, including final weight and weight gain, in shrimp that were fed DDGS diets. In addition, the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in shrimp that were fed D6 and D8 than in shrimp that received D0. Survival rates ranged from 76.6% to 92.50%. The richness estimates (Chao 1 and the abundance-based coverage estimator) and diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson) of the microbial community were affected when DDGS were included in the shrimp diet. Beneficial bacteria, including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, dominated the gut microbiota at the phylum level for shrimp that were fed DDGS diets. The number of operational taxonomic units obtained ranged from 783 to 920. These results suggest that replacing FM with DDGS at 8% (D5) in the total shrimp diet could enhance the growth performance and affect gut microbiota composition in Pacific whiteleg shrimp.
Development and Application of a Size Structure Index for Blue Sucker
Authors: Carlson Tanner L. , Schall Benjamin J. , Lucchesi David O. , Wesner Jeff S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Blue Sucker Cycleptus elongatus is a species of concern across much of its native range due to population fragmentation and habitat loss. A primary component of managing this species is monitoring various population characteristics, including size structure. A common way to quickly index population size structure is to calculate the proportional size distribution (PSD). However, no standard length categories have been established for Blue Suckers, precluding the use of this index. We used databases, literature searches, field guides, and sampling records to find the largest recorded Blue Sucker. The maximum size Blue Sucker on record was 93 cm, so we propose the following standardized length categories: stock = 23 cm, quality = 38 cm, preferred = 51 cm, memorable = 59 cm, and trophy = 74 cm. We estimated mean values for PSDs using a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model, with a multinomial likelihood for populations of Blue Suckers from six rivers: the James, Big Sioux, Colorado, Red, Wabash, and Missouri. Most of these populations exhibited large size structures except for the James River. The length categories that we derived from the values for PSD should provide an additional tool for evaluating spatial and temporal changes in the size structure of Blue Sucker populations when monitoring the status of this species of concern.
“When I go my family will see my life in programmes”: Legacy giving and identity at the Royal Opera House
Authors: Jones Marina , Routley Claire 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith £5.5 trillion due to be transferred between generations over forthcoming decades in the UK alone, non‐profits stand to increase their income from legacy giving significantly, if they can make lasting and meaningful connections with donors. Extant research suggests that autobiographical memory may play a key role in this process. In this article, we go beyond considering autobiographical memory in general to examining how connection with a particular non‐profit, and the memories that are generated can shape individual identity. We report the results of twenty life‐history interviews with people who plan to leave a legacy to the Royal Opera House, and discuss how identity is created through a connection with opera and/or ballet in general and the Royal Opera House in particular. We then go on to explore how the strength of that connection and development of a shared identity can create a sense of symbolic immortality and influence the legacy giving decision, drawing on peak memorable experiences and nostalgia as a social emotion that connects people to what they love. We conclude by reflecting on how other non‐profits might create or stimulate such identities.
Developing a children's rights approach to fundraising with children in primary schools and the ethics of cultivating philanthropic citizenship
Authors: Body Alison , Lau Emily , Cameron Lindsey , Ali Shazza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFundraising literature predominantly focuses on adult donors, with limited literature addressing younger donors, particularly children, and virtually no discussion on the normative ethics which inform fundraising with children. Addressing this gap, this article examines the ethical dilemmas posed by the mainstreaming of charity fundraising in primary schools. Regardless of high levels of participation, research with primary school pupils shows that children's engagement in fundraising activities is often passive, with little decision making afforded to children. First, we question the ethics of passively engaging children in the fundraising relationship. Second, we question the role of fundraising more broadly in helping to cultivate children's philanthropic citizenship, suggesting that current fundraising mechanisms in schools are counter‐intuitive to fostering long‐term philanthropic engagement. We argue that by critically engaging children in the process of giving, children develop a deeper understanding of the cause areas that matter to them, which cultivates a longer‐term commitment to philanthropy. This is potentially a different goal than that of many organisations involving schools in fundraising, where the focus is on incentivising transactional fundraising efforts aiming to raise as much money as possible and thus raises particular ethical challenges which must be considered. In this paper we draw on previous research and established frameworks for understanding philanthropic behaviour to explore the ethical challenges of fundraising with children in schools and present a pathway towards a more child‐led, children's rights approach to fundraising in primary schools.
The impact of tightened prescribing restrictions on proton pump inhibitor use in Australia: An evaluation using interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Daniels Benjamin , Schaffer Andrea , Buckley Nicholas A. , Bruno Claudia , Jun Min , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Zoega Helga 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimIn May 2019, Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) tightened the prescribing restrictions for publicly subsidized high and standard strength proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs). We aimed to determine the impacts on PPI use in Australia.MethodsPopulation‐based interrupted time series analysis of PBS dispensing claims for a 10% sample of PBS‐eligible Australian residents from January 2017 to December 2020 and national prescription and over‐the‐counter sales to pharmacies from January 2017 to October 2020. We examined trends in monthly PPI dispensings, switches from higher to lower strength formulations, and volume (kg) dispensed and sold.ResultsFrom May 2019, we observed a small, immediate decrease (−7830 [95%CI: −8818 to −6842]) in standard strength PPI dispensings/month, which rebounded to exceed pre‐intervention levels by December 2020. High strength dispensings decreased until the end of the study period to less than half their pre‐intervention average/month; low strength dispensings/month increased until the end of the study period to more than double their pre‐intervention average/month. We observed transient increases in switches to lower strength formulations post‐intervention. The kilograms of PPIs sold/month followed a similar pattern to PBS kilograms dispensed/month with the exception of standard strength formulations where PBS dispensings decreased by −74 (95%CI: −93 to −55) but total sales remained unchanged (comprising PBS and private prescriptions, and over‐the‐counter sales).ConclusionsTightened prescribing restrictions had an immediate and sustained impact on PPI use in Australia, with decreased high strength use and increased low strength use. Some patients likely switched to private market prescriptions for standard strength PPI, given the observed patterns in total volume sold/dispensed.
A mini‐review of microstructural control during composite fiber spinning
Authors: Xu Weiheng , Jambhulkar Sayli , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Zhu Yuxiang , Lanke Shantanu , Bawareth Mohammed , Song Kenan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFrom wool to Kevlar, one‐dimensional (1D) fiber has experienced the transition from clothing materials to structural applications in the past centuries. However, the recent advancements in tooling engineering and manufacturing processes have attracted much attention from both academia and industry to fabricate novel, versatile fibers with unique microstructures and unprecedented properties. This mini‐review focuses on the fabrication techniques of porous, coaxial, layer‐by‐layer and segmented fibers with continuous solution and melt fiber spinning methods. In each section of this review article, the unique structure‐related applications, including intelligent devices, healthcare devices, energy storage systems, wearable electronics and sustainable products, are discussed and evaluated. Finally, the combination of additive manufacturing for 1D fiber patterning in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional devices, in addition to challenges in the reviewed fiber microstructures, is briefly introduced in the conclusion. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Inheritance and mechanism of glyphosate resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.)
Authors: Barua Rajesh , Malone Jenna , Boutsalis Peter , Gill Gurjeet , Preston Christopher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn initial screening, glyphosate was ineffective in controlling five Poa annua populations. These populations were tested for resistance, and studies undertaken to determine resistance mechanisms and inheritance pattern.RESULTSDose–response studies conducted at 16/12°C and 27/20°C on the five putative resistant populations showed low‐level resistance (1.4‐ to 2.5‐fold) to glyphosate. Shikimic acid accumulation in response to glyphosate confirmed differences among the populations, with greater shikimic acid accumulation in the susceptible population. The EPSPS gene copy number was 0.5‐ to 5.2‐fold greater in one resistant population (HT) than in the susceptible (S) population, but not in the others. EPSPS gene expression was five‐ to tenfold higher in HT compared with the susceptible population. Target site mutations, differences in glyphosate absorption or translocation or altered expression of aldo‐keto reductase (AKR) were not identified in any of the resistant populations. Crosses were successful between one resistant population and the susceptible population (P262‐16♂ ✕ S♀) and inheritance of glyphosate resistance appears to be controlled by a single, nuclear dominant gene in this population.CONCLUSIONOur study identified EPSPS gene amplification in a South Australian glyphosate‐resistant P. annua population (HT). This mechanism of resistance was not identified in the other four glyphosate‐resistant populations, and other common mechanisms were excluded. Although the resistance mechanism in some P. annua populations remains unknown, inheritance studies with one population suggest the involvement of a single dominant gene. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.