bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Microcapillary Drug Delivery System Self‐Powered by a Flexible Energy Harvester
Authors: Gabrielsson Erik O. , Jung Young Hoon , Han Jae Hyun , Joe Daniel Juhyung , Simon Daniel T. , Lee Keon Jae , Berggren Magnus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImplantable bioelectronic devices pave the way for novel biomedical applications operating at high spatiotemporal resolution, which is crucial for neural recording and stimulation, drug delivery, and brain–machine interfaces. Before successful long‐term implantation and clinical applications, these devices face a number of challenges, such as mechanical and operational stability, biocompatibility, miniaturization, and powering. To address two of these crucial challenges—miniaturization and powering—the development and characterization of an electrophoretic drug delivery device, manufactured inside fused quartz fibers (outer diameter of 125 µm), which is self‐powered by a flexible piezoelectric energy harvester, are reported. The resulting device—the first integration of piezoelectric charging with “iontronic” delivery—exhibits a high delivery efficiency (number of neurotransmitters delivered per charges applied) and a direct correlation between the piezoelectric charging and the amount delivered (number of dynamic bends versus pmols delivered).
Metal Ion‐Induced Assembly of MXene Aerogels via Biomimetic Microtextures for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Capacitive Deionization, and Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Ding Meng , Li Shuo , Guo Lu , Jing Lin , Gao Si‐Ping , Yang Haitao , Little Joshua M. , Dissanayake Thilini U. , Li Kerui , Yang Jie , Guo Yong‐Xin , Yang Hui Ying , Woehl Taylor J. , Chen Po‐Yen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractScaling the synergistic properties of MXene nanosheets to microporous aerogel architectures requires effective strategies to overcome the nanosheet restacking without compromising MXene's advantageous properties. Traditional assembly approaches of 3D MXene aerogels normally involve external binders/templates and/or additional functionalization, which sacrifice the electrical conductivities and electrochemical activities of MXene aerogels. Herein, inspired by the hierarchal scale textures of Phrynosoma cornutum, a crumple‐textured Ti3C2Tx MXene platform is engineered to facilitate Mg2+‐induced assembly, enabling conformal formation of large‐area Mg2+‐MXene aerogels without polymeric binders. Through a doctor blading technique and freeze drying, the Mg2+‐MXene aerogels are produced with customized shapes/dimensions, featuring high surface area (140.5 m2 g−1), superior electrical conductivity (758.4 S m−1), and high robustness in water. The highly conductive MXene aerogels show their versatile applications from macroscale technologies (e.g., electromagnetic interference shielding and capacitive deionization (CDI)) to on‐chip electronics (e.g., quasi‐solid‐state microsupercapacitors (QMSCs)). As CDI electrodes, the Mg2+‐MXene aerogels exhibit high salt adsorption capacity (33.3 mg g−1) and long‐term operation reliability (over 30 cycles), showing a superb comparison with the literature. Also, the QMSCs with interdigitated Mg2+‐MXene aerogel electrodes demonstrate high areal capacitances (409.3 mF cm−2) with superior power density and energy density compared with other state‐of‐art QMSCs.
Tuning Electrostatic Gating of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes by Controlling Protein Orientation in Biosensing Devices
Authors: Xu Xinzhao , Bowen Benjamin J. , Gwyther Rebecca E. A. , Freeley Mark , Grigorenko Bella , Nemukhin Alexander V. , Eklöf‐Österberg Johnas , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper , Jones D. Dafydd , Palma Matteo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ability to detect proteins through gating conductance by their unique surface electrostatic signature holds great potential for improving biosensing sensitivity and precision. Two challenges are: (1) defining the electrostatic surface of the incoming ligand protein presented to the conductive surface; (2) bridging the Debye gap to generate a measurable response. Herein, we report the construction of nanoscale protein‐based sensing devices designed to present proteins in defined orientations; this allowed us to control the local electrostatic surface presented within the Debye length, and thus modulate the conductance gating effect upon binding incoming protein targets. Using a β‐lactamase binding protein (BLIP2) as the capture protein attached to carbon nanotube field effect transistors in different defined orientations. Device conductance had influence on binding TEM‐1, an important β‐lactamase involved in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Conductance increased or decreased depending on TEM‐1 presenting either negative or positive local charge patches, demonstrating that local electrostatic properties, as opposed to protein net charge, act as the key driving force for electrostatic gating. This, in turn can, improve our ability to tune the gating of electrical biosensors toward optimized detection, including for AMR as outlined herein.
Carbonyl Hypoiodites as Extremely Strong Halogen Bond Donors
Authors: Yu Shilin , Ward Jas S. , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Rissanen Kari 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeutral halogen‐bonded O−I−N complexes were prepared from in situ formed carbonyl hypoiodites and aromatic organic bases. The carbonyl hypoiodites have a strongly polarized iodine atom with larger σ‐holes than any known uncharged halogen bond donor. Modulating the Lewis basicity of the selected pyridine derivatives and carboxylates leads to halogen‐bonded complexes where the classical O−I⋅⋅⋅N halogen bond transforms more into a halogen‐bonded COO−⋅⋅⋅I−N+ ion‐pair (salt) with an asymmetric O−I−N moiety. X‐ray analyses, NMR studies, and calculations reveal the halogen bonding geometries of the carbonyl hypoiodite‐based O−I−N complexes, confirming that in the solid‐state the iodine atom is much closer to the N‐atom of the pyridine derivatives than its original position at the carboxylate O‐atom.
Fused‐Nonacyclic Multi‐Resonance Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Based on Ladder‐Thiaborin Exhibiting Narrowband Sky‐Blue Emission with Accelerated Reverse Intersystem Crossing
Authors: Nagata Masakazu , Min Hyukgi , Watanabe Erika , Fukumoto Hiroki , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro , Agou Tomohiro , Yasuda Takuma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeveloping organic luminophores with unique capability of strong narrowband emission is both crucial and challenging for the further advancement of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a nanographitic fused‐nonacyclic π‐system (BSBS‐N1), which was strategically embedded with multiple boron, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms, was developed as a new multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitter. Narrowband sky‐blue emission with a peak at 478 nm, full width at half maximum of 24 nm, and photoluminescence quantum yield of 89 % was obtained with BSBS‐N1. Additionally, the spin‐orbit coupling was enhanced by incorporating two sulfur atoms, thereby facilitating the spin‐flipping process between the excited triplet and singlet states. OLEDs based on BSBS‐N1 as a sky‐blue MR‐TADF emitter achieved a high maximum external electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 21.0 %, with improved efficiency roll‐off.
Deuterated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Significantly Enhanced Luminescence
Authors: Yuan Mengjia , Ma Fuyin , Dai Xing , Chen Lixi , Zhai Fuwan , He Linwei , Zhang Mingxing , Chen Junchang , Shu Jie , Wang Xiaomei , Wang Xia , Zhang Yugang , Fu Xiaobin , Li Zhenyu , Guo Chenglong , Chen Long , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLuminescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) find promising applications in chemical sensing, photocatalysis, and optoelectronic devices, however, the majority of COFs are non or weakly emissive owing to the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) or the molecular thermal motion‐based energy dissipation. Here, we report a previously unperceived approach to improve luminescence performance of COFs by introducing isotope effect, which is achieved through substitution of hydrogen from high‐frequency oscillators X‐H (X=O, N, C) by heavier isotope deuterium. Combining the “bottom‐up” and in situ deuteration methods generates the first deuterated COF, which exhibits an impressively 19‐fold enhancement in quantum yield over that of the non‐deuterated counterpart. These results are interpreted by theoretical calculations as the consequence of slower C/N‐D and OD⋅⋅⋅O vibrations that impede the nonradiative deactivation process. The proposed strategy is proved applicable to many other types of emissive COFs.
TEMPO Containing Radical Polymonothiocarbonate Polymers with Regio‐ and Stereo‐Regularities: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrical Conductivity Studies
Authors: Bhat Gulzar A. , Rashad Ahmed Z. , Ji Xiaozhou , Quiroz Manuel , Fang Lei , Darensbourg Donald J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxidanyl) (TEMPO) appended polymonothiocarbonates through the ring‐opening copolymerization of (4‐glycidyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl) (GTEMPO) in the presence of carbonyl sulfide under ambient conditions. We have prepared the atactic and isotactic versions of this polymer, using enantiopure R or S forms of the GTEMPO monomer in the latter instances. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed both oxidation and reduction events that were characteristic of TEMPO radicals. Electrical conductivity of these polymers was measured as solid‐state films after annealing the samples above their glass transition temperatures. At room temperature the isotactic polymer shows much greater conductivity (ca. 10−4 S cm−1) than the atactic (ca. 10−7 S cm−1), attributed to the well‐defined stereochemistry and regulated charge transport pathway of isotactic polymer chains in contrast to the irregular structure of the atactic counterpart.
Diarylethene‐Based Photoswitchable Inhibitors of Serine Proteases
Authors: Babii Oleg , Afonin Sergii , Diel Christian , Huhn Marcel , Dommermuth Jennifer , Schober Tim , Koniev Serhii , Hrebonkin Andrii , Nesterov‐Mueller Alexander , Komarov Igor V. , Ulrich Anne S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA bicyclic peptide scaffold was chemically adapted to generate diarylethene‐based photoswitchable inhibitors of serine protease Bos taurus trypsin 1 (T1). Starting from a prototype molecule—sunflower trypsin inhibitor‐1 (SFTI‐1)—we obtained light‐controllable inhibitors of T1 with Ki in the low nanomolar range, whose activity could be modulated over 20‐fold by irradiation. The inhibitory potency as well as resistance to proteolytic degradation were systematically studied on a series of 17 SFTI‐1 analogues. The hydrogen bond network that stabilizes the structure of inhibitors and possibly the enzyme–inhibitor binding dynamics were affected by isomerization of the photoswitch. The feasibility of manipulating enzyme activity in time and space was demonstrated by controlled digestion of gelatin‐based hydrogel and an antimicrobial peptide BP100‐RW. Finally, our design principles of diarylethene photoswitches are shown to apply also for the development of other serine protease inhibitors.
Selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol catalysed by ruthenium complexes containing phosphorus‐nitrogen ligands
Authors: Valdebenito Gonzalo , Parra‐Melipán Sebastián , López Vicente , Aranda Braulio , García Eryck , Vega Andrés , Negrete‐Vergara Camila , Moya Sergio A. , Aguirre Pedro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo ruthenium (II) complexes containing heterobidentated phosphorous–nitrogen ligands were studied as homogeneous catalysts in the hydrogenation of furfural, a key step in the transformation of biomass to biofuels or renewable chemicals. The catalysts exhibited high percentages of conversion towards the formation of furfuryl alcohol. The studied ruthenium (II) complexes are able to maintain their catalytic activities in substrate/catalyst ratios ranging from 1000/1 to 6000/1. The reaction is sensitive to hydrogen pressure and the substrate concentration. The maximum conversion is achieved at a pressure of 40 bar and a substrate/catalyst ratio of 3000/1 (TOF 3000 h−1). In situ 1H‐NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis suggests that the presence of a phosphorous–nitrogen ligand improves the catalytic activity of the complex by stabilizing the intermediate ruthenium‐dihydride, which is considered the active species in the hydrogenation reactions.
Poly(ester‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) for digital light processing in biomedical applications
Authors: Risangud Nuttapol , Jiraborvornpongsa Noppakhate , Pasee Supasin , Kaewkong Pakkanun , Kunkit Nootcharee , Sungkhaphan Piyarat , Janvikul Wanida 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMethacrylate‐containing polyesters exploited for digital light processing (DLP) are generally prepared through ring‐opening polymerization followed by photoactivation via methacrylation, which commonly requires the additional chemical and reaction workup. Herein, such a drawback is overcome by introducing a facile method of sequential addition of ester monomer and glycidyl methacrylate into the reaction. Two different hydroxyl beginning monomers, that is, ethylene glycol and glycerol, were utilized. The chemical structures and molecular weights of the resultant copolymers were analyzed using 1H‐NMR and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. The effects of the copolymer structures on the properties of both resins formulated with and without hydroxyapatite, for example, rheological behavior and printability, and DLP‐printed specimens, for example, mechanical property and cytotoxicity, were assessed. By controlling the beginning monomer to monomer feeding ratio from 1:6 to 1:14, the Mn values of the resultant copolymers fell in the range of 1.7 to 2.5 kDa. The DLP‐printed specimens possessed compressive moduli in the range of 10.20 ± 0.16 MPa and 18.65 ± 0.75 MPa. The cytotoxicity result suggested that the DLP‐printed specimens were noncytotoxic to porcine chondrocytes. Altogether, these methacrylate‐containing polyesters simply synthesized via a concise one‐pot reaction revealed great potential for DLP printing resins in biomedical applications.
Assessing common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population structure in Mississippi Sound and coastal waters of the north central Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Vollmer Nicole L. , Rosel Patricia E. , Mullin Keith D. , Schwacke Lori H. , Garrison Lance P. , Balmer Brian C. , Barry Kevin , Martinez Anthony , Quigley Brian M. , Sinclair Carrie , Speakman Todd R. , Wicker Jesse , Wilcox Lynsey , Zolman Eric S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Population structure of highly mobile marine organisms can be complex and difficult to study, but it is important to understand how populations partition themselves within their environment for accurate assessment of both natural and anthropogenic impacts and successful management. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill negatively impacted common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) within Mississippi Sound and the surrounding north central Gulf of Mexico (GOMx); however, little was known about their underlying population structure in these waters. Thus, it was unclear how many demographically independent populations were affected by the spill.
Common bottlenose dolphin samples were collected throughout inshore waters of Mississippi Sound and coastal waters of the north‐central GOMx. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequence data and 19 nuclear microsatellite loci were analysed to determine how many populations are present and characterize their range throughout these waters.
Bayesian clustering and migration analyses identified two genetically distinct and demographically independent populations: one predominantly inhabiting Mississippi Sound and adjacent coastal waters, and a second population extending generally from offshore of Mobile Bay, Alabama, east along the Florida Panhandle. Neither of these populations align with the currently delineated management stocks previously used to estimate impacts from the oil spill on common bottlenose dolphins in this portion of the GOMx.
These results suggest that revisions may be necessary so that management stocks accurately represent the demographically independent populations present in these waters. Furthermore, better comprehension of underlying population structure will enhance impact assessments on common bottlenose dolphins and provide more appropriate baseline data to support future restoration and conservation objectives.
Dynamic use of coastal areas by bull sharks and the conciliation of conservation and management of negative human–wildlife interactions
Authors: Mourier Johann , Soria Marc , Blaison Antonin , Simier Monique , Certain Grégoire , Demichelis Angélique , Hattab Tarek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Knowledge about spatial and temporal variability in the distribution and abundance of predators is necessary to adapt measures to mitigate human–wildlife interactions.
Acoustic telemetry and network analyses were used to investigate the spatial ecology of bull sharks, the species responsible for most shark bites in Reunion Island, one of the world's shark bite hotspots.
The west coast of the island was not used uniformly by every individual, with size predicting the movements of sharks along the coast.
Node‐based metrics – closeness, node strength, and cumulated continuous residency times – derived from up to 181 monthly movement networks from 20 individuals, revealed that smaller sharks (<250 cm total length) primarily used the south‐west coast while larger individuals spent most of their time in the northern region with regular visits to multiple areas along the coast.
This study provides essential knowledge on bull shark behaviour and central areas used at different periods of the year, which correlates well with the dynamics of observed shark bites. Our approach provides a non‐invasive alternative to help predicting and anticipating human–shark conflicts and avoid shark culling programmes detrimental to the conservation of large predators such as sharks.
Metformin suppresses self‐renewal and stemness of cancer stem cell models derived from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zahra Maram H. , Afify Said M. , Hassan Ghmkin , Nawara Hend M. , Kumon Kazuki , Seno Akimasa , Seno Masaharu 
Published: July 2021

Metformin exhibits anti‐cancer activities in various types of tumours while it is prescribed as the first‐line drug for type 2 diabetes. Since new evidence has recently suggested that metformin could target cancer stem cells (CSCs) and prevent their recurrence, repositioning of metformin could be considered as a candidate for anti‐CSC agent. In this study, we assessed the effect of metformin on the cancer stem cells developed from induced pluripotent stem cells. As the result, metformin significantly suppressed the self‐renewal ability of CSCs when assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethythiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and cell counting methods exhibiting the IC50 as approximately 20 mM, which suppressed tube formation by CSCs on Matrigel reducing the angiogenic potential of CSCs. Cell cycle analysis showed that metformin reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase increasing the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, the tumorigenicity of CSCs was found to be attenuated when the cells were injected with metformin. From these results, we concluded that metformin could be promising for targeted therapy by repositioning the widely available drugs with safety.Significance of the studyMetformin could target CSCs and prevent their recurrence, repositioning of metformin could be considered as a candidate for the anti‐CSC agent. In this paper, we assessed the effect of metformin on the CSCs developed from induced pluripotent stem cells. Here, we show that metformin suppresses the self‐renewal and tube formation abilities of CSCs. We also show that metformin reduces the percentage of cells in the S phase increasing the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, the tumorigenicity of CSCs was found to be attenuated when grafted in vivo after treatment with metformin.
ETV4 transcriptionally activates HES1 and promotes Stat3 phosphorylation to promote malignant behaviors of colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yao Dan , Bao Zhongming , Qian Xu , Yang Yong , Mao Zhongqi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractColon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the commonest type of colorectal cancer with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. ETS variant 4 (ETV4) is a member of the ETS transcription factors and is frequently involved in the progression of many cancers. This study focused on the relevance of ETV4 to the progression of COAD. ETV4 was highly expressed in the collected COAD tissues and acquired cells and indicated advanced Dukes staging in patients. Knockdown of ETV4 in COAD cells weakened proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) activity of cells. The downstream genes of ETV4 were predicted, and a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was conducted to identify the key molecule involved. ETV4 bound to the promoter sequence of HES1 and activated its transcription. Further overexpression of HES1 restored the malignant behaviors of COAD cells. HES1 was also found to promote phosphorylation of Stat3. Similar results were reproduced in vivo where downregulation of ETV4 blocked the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. This study demonstrated that ETV4 encourages malignant development of COAD through activating HES1 transcription and Stat3 phosphorylation. This study may offer novel insights into COAD therapy.
Coexistence of periorbital lichen planus pigmentosus and pemphigus vulgaris: Report of an unusual case and a rare association
Authors: Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Talebzadeh Zahra , Bahraminejad Mahsa , Rezaei Mina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLichen planus pigmentosus is a rare variant of lichen planus with different patterns and manifestations. The coexistence of LPP and PV suggests that there might be a relationship between these two conditions in terms of immunologic mechanisms.
The Role of Alkali Cation Intercalates on the Electrochemical Characteristics of Nb2CTX MXene for Energy Storage
Authors: Liao Liping , Wu Bing , Kovalska Evgeniya , Mazánek Vlastimil , Veselý Martin , Marek Ivo , Spejchalová Lucie , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe intercalation of cations into layered‐structure electrode materials has long been studied in depth for energy storage applications. In particular, Li+‐, Na+‐, and K+‐based cation transport in energy storage devices such as batteries and electrochemical capacitors is closely related to the capacitance behavior. We have exploited different sizes of cations from aqueous salt electrolytes intercalating into a layered Nb2CTx electrode in a supercapacitor for the first time. As a result, we have demonstrated that capacitive performance was dependent on cation intercalation behavior. The interlayer spacing expansion of the electrode material can be observed in Li2SO4, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 electrolytes with d‐spacing. Additionally, our results showed that the Nb2CTx electrode exhibited higher electrochemical performance in the presence of Li2SO4 than in that of Na2SO4 and K2SO4. This is partly because the smaller‐sized Li+ transports quickly and intercalates between the layers of Nb2CTx easily. Poor ion transport in the Na2SO4 electrolyte limited the electrode capacitance and presented the lowest electrochemical performance, although the cation radius follows Li+>Na+>K+. Our experimental studies provide direct evidence for the intercalation mechanism of Li+, Na+, and K+ on the 2D layered Nb2CTx electrode, which provides a new path for exploring the relationship between intercalated cations and other MXene electrodes.