bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraprocedural PRAETORIAN score for early assessment of S‐ICD implantation: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Gasperetti Alessio , Schiavone Marco , Biffi Mauro , Casella Michela , Compagnucci Paolo , Mitacchione Gianfranco , Angeletti Andrea , Vogler Julia , Proietti Riccardo , Ziacchi Matteo , Dello Russo Antonio , Natale Andrea , Tilz Roland R. , Forleo Giovanni B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe PRAETORIAN score (PS) was developed to assess the implant position and predict defibrillation success of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S‐ICD). The main critique moved to the routine use of PS has been its postprocedural timing, that limits its usefulness on procedure guidance. The aim of this proof‐of‐concept study was to assess the feasibility of an intraprocedural use of PS.MethodsForty consecutive patients undergoing S‐ICD implantation were enrolled. Intraprocedural PS (IP‐PS) obtained with fluoroscopy before closure of the pocket and postprocedural PS (PP‐PS) obtained with two‐views chest X‐ray were compared. Intraprocedural data and PS were compared with the historic cohorts of the involved institutions.ResultsWhen assessing IP‐PS and PP‐PS, a complete overall agreement was observed (100%, 1.00‐κ; p < .001). When assessing a per‐step agreement, a very high‐degree of concordance in evaluating Step 1 of the PS was observed (95%, 0.81‐κ; p < .001). A complete agreement in Step 2–3 (100%, 1.00‐κ; p < .001) of the PS was reported. In comparison with our historical cohort, procedural time in the IP‐PS cohort did not increase (45 [41–52] vs. 45 [39–49] min; p = .351) while the expected increase in fluoroscopy time resulted scarce (15 [10–15] s).ConclusionAn IP‐PS can be reliably obtained using fluoroscopy guidance during S‐ICD implantation, without a significant increase in procedural duration and may serve as guidance for implanting physicians, to avoid postprocedural S‐ICD repositioning, leading to patient discomfort and significantly enhancing infective risks. IP‐PS showed a very high agreement with the PP‐PS obtained from two‐views chest X‐ray.
Cryofreezing for slow‐pathway modification in patients with slow‐fast AVNRT: Efficacy, safety, and electroanatomical relation between sites of transient AV block and sites of successful cryoablation
Authors: Fukuda Reiko , Nakahara Shiro , Wakamatsu Yuji , Hori Yuichi , Nishiyama Naoki , Sato Hirotsugu , Aoki Hideyuki , Mizutani Yukiko , Kobayashi Sayuki , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Taguchi Isao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionCryoablation has emerged as an alternative to radiofrequency ablation for treating atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cryoapplication at sites within the mid/high septal region of Koch's triangle and the relation between sites of transient AV block (AVB) and sites of successful cryoablation.Methods and ResultsIncluded were 45 consecutive patients undergoing slow‐fast AVNRT cryoablation. Initial delivery of cryoenergy was to the mid‐septal to high septal region of Koch's triangle. Transient AVB occurred during cryoenergy delivery in 62% (28/45) of patients. Median distance between sites at which cryofreezing successfully eliminated slow pathway conduction and sites of AVB was 4.0 (3.25–5.0) mm. Sites of successful cryoablation tended to be to the left and inferior to the AVB sites. The atrial/ventricular electrogram ratio was significantly lower at sites of successful cryoablation than at AVB sites (0.25 [0.17–0.56] vs. 0.80 [0.36–1.25], p < .001). Delayed discrete or fractionated atrial electrograms were recorded more frequently at sites of successful cryoablation than at AVB sites (78% vs. 20%, p < .001). No persistent AV conduction disturbance occurred, and 96% (43/45) of patients showed absence of recurrence at a median follow‐up time of 25.0 months.ConclusionCryoablation of slow‐fast AVNRT and targeting the mid/high septal region of Koch's triangle was highly successful. AVB frequently emerged near the site at which the slow pathway was eliminated but always resolved by regulating the energy delivery under careful monitoring, and it may be distinguishable by its local electrogram features.
Quantitative proteomic analysis after neuroprotective MyD88 inhibition in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse
Authors: Carmy‐Bennun Tal , Myer Ciara , Bhattacharya Sanjoy K. , Hackam Abigail S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProgressive photoreceptor death occurs in blinding diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is a central adaptor protein for innate immune system Toll‐like receptors (TLR) and induces cytokine secretion during retinal disease. We recently demonstrated that inhibiting MyD88 in mouse models of retinal degeneration led to increased photoreceptor survival, which was associated with altered cytokines and increased neuroprotective microglia. However, the identity of additional molecular changes associated with MyD88 inhibitor‐induced neuroprotection is not known. In this study, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labelling followed by LC‐MS/MS for quantitative proteomic analysis on the rd10 mouse model of retinal degeneration to identify protein pathways changed by MyD88 inhibition. Quantitative proteomics using iTRAQ LC‐MS/MS is a high‐throughput method ideal for providing insight into molecular pathways during disease and experimental treatments. Forty‐two proteins were differentially expressed in retinas from mice treated with MyD88 inhibitor compared with control. Notably, increased expression of multiple crystallins and chaperones that respond to cellular stress and have anti‐apoptotic properties was identified in the MyD88‐inhibited mice. These data suggest that inhibiting MyD88 enhances chaperone‐mediated retinal protection pathways. Therefore, this study provides insight into molecular events contributing to photoreceptor protection from modulating inflammation.
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Hamaguchi Masahide , Okamura Takuro , Nakanishi Naoko , Obora Akihiro , Kojima Takao , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsTo clarify the relationship between metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsThe participants were divided into four groups by the presence or absence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and metabolic dysfunction (MD). MAFLD was defined as having both FLD and MD, whereas CKD was defined as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria.ResultsIn this cross‐sectional study of 27,371 participants, the proportions of those in the non‐FLD without MD, non‐FLD with MD, FLD without MD, and MAFLD groups were 48.7, 28.2, 2.3, and 20.8%, respectively. Compared with non‐FLD without MD, MAFLD was associated with the risk of CKD (adjusted odds ratio 1.83 [1.66–2.01], P < 0.001), whereas FLD without MD was not (1.02 [0.79–1.33], P = 0.868). Moreover, compared with FLD without MD, MAFLD was associated with the risk of CKD (1.19 [1.09–1.31], P < 0.001). In this retrospective cohort study, 16,938 of 27,371 participants underwent a median 4.6 (2.0–8.1) years follow‐up, and incident data of non‐FLD without MD, non‐FLD with MD, FLD without MD, and MAFLD were 21.0, 31.1, 26.1, and 31.1 cases per 1,000 person‐years, respectively. Compared with the non‐FLD without MD, MAFLD was associated with the risk of incident CKD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.24 [1.14–1.36], P < 0.001), whereas FLD without MD was not (1.11 [0.85–1.41], P = 0.433).ConclusionsMAFLD was associated with a risk of CKD, whereas FLD without MD was not a risk for CKD.
“Our fair trade coffee tastes better”: It might, but under what conditions?
Authors: Carr Stuart C. , Meyer Ines , Saxena Mahima , Seubert Christian , Hopfgartner Lisa , Arora Bimal , Jyoti Divya , Rugimbana Robert , Kempton Heather , Marai Leo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sustainability of Fair Trade ultimately relies on consumers choosing fair‐traded products. To date, research has tended to study consumer and producer engagement, and reactions to Fair Trade separately. These areas do, however, interconnect systematically through supply chains. In this paper, we introduce a self‐catalyzing model of Fair Trade which acknowledges those interconnections, traces them along supply chains from producer to consumer and addresses different international development priorities articulated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Its conceptual elements span (a) product quality, in this case, taste experience influenced by organoleptic properties and moral satisfaction; (b) organizational morality via corporate social responsibility and living wages; and (c) strategic management of slack farming resources—each catalyzed by, and catalyzing, positive emotions. Contingencies at each point in the model alter the likelihood that produce will be and feel fair and taste better to consumers.
Mesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma of the ovary in an elderly woman: A case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Ujita Mari , Abiko Kaoru , Kuwahara Ryo , Emoto Ikuko , Amano Yasuaki , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMesonephric‐like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a rare tumor that occurs in the uterine endometrium and ovary. It morphologically and immunohistochemically resembles cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MA). Here, we present a case of MLA of the ovary along with a literature review. An asymptomatic 84‐year‐old woman presented with a pelvic mass, detected by computerized tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a polycystic mass with a solid component in the left adnexal region. The solid component showed low signal intensity on T2‐weighted imaging and high signal intensity on diffusion‐weighted imaging. We strongly suspected an ovarian malignant tumor; therefore, surgical resection of the uterus and adnexa was performed. Macroscopically, the tumor was predominantly solid with yellowish‐tan cut surface. Microscopically, it showed a tubular pattern with intraluminal colloid‐like material resembling MA. The tumor cells were negative for estrogen receptor, calretinin, and CD10 and positive for PAX8 and TTF‐1. These findings are consistent with those of MLA.
The Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus of Stereolithography Additively Manufactured Zirconia with Different Porosities
Authors: Zandinejad Amirali , Das Omprakash , Barmak Abdul Basir , Kuttolamadom Mathew , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies are capable of fabricating complex geometries with different porosities. However, the effect of such porosities on mechanical properties of stereolithography (SLA) AM zirconia with different porosities is unclear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the mechanical properties namely flexural strength, and flexural modulus of AM zirconia with different porosities.Materials and MethodsA bar (25 × 4 × 3 mm) for flexural strength test (ISO standard 6872/2015) was designed by CAD software program and standard tessellation language (STL) file was obtained. The STL file was used to fabricate a total of 80 bars in four groups. Three experimental groups each containing 20 samples were manufactured using an SLA ceramic printer (CeraMaker 900; 3DCeram Co) and zirconia material (3DMix ZrO2 paste; 3DCeram Co) with different sintering post processing to achieve different porosities including 0%‐porosity (AMZ0), 20%‐porosity (AMZ20), and 40%‐porosity (AMZ40). The same STL file was used for subtractive manufacturing or milling of 20 zirconia bars as control group (CNCZ) with the same dimensions using a commercial zirconia. Three‐point bending tests were performed for all groups following ISO standard 6872/2015 specification using a universal testing machine. Outcomes measured included load at fracture, mean flexural strength, and flexural modulus and they were compared across the experimental groups using a one‐way ANOVA. Post hoc pair wise comparison between each pair of the groups were performed using Tukey test.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the four groups, in terms of fracture load, flexural strength and flexural modulus using one‐way ANOVA. AM zirconia with 0% porosity (AMZ0) showed the highest value for fracture load (1132.7 ± 220.6 N), flexural strength (755.1 ± 147.1 MPa) and flexural modulus (41,273 ± 2193 MPa) and AM zirconia with 40% porosity (AMZ40) showed the lowest fracture load (72.13 ± 13.42 N), flexural strength (48.09 ± 8.95 MPa) and flexural modulus (7177 ± 506 MPa). Tukey's pairwise comparisons detected a significant difference between all the possible pairs for all variables except flexural modulus between AMZ0 and CNCZ. The Weibull moduli presented the lowest value for AMZ20 (4.4) followed by AMZ40 (6.1), AMZ0 (6.1), and the highest value was for CNCZ (8.1).ConclusionAM zirconia with 0% porosity showed significantly higher flexural strength and flexural modulus when compared to milled and AM zirconia with 20% and 40% porosities.
Impact of the coronavirus pandemic on anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa presentations to an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital
Authors: Springall Gabriella , Cheung Michael , Sawyer Susan M , Yeo Michele 
Published: September 2021

AimThe coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to increased concerns about adolescent mental health. This study aimed to determine the effect of the pandemic on adolescent eating disorders (EDs) by measuring changes in the number and severity of presentations to an Australian paediatric ED service that utilises a standardised approach to triage and assessment.MethodsA 4‐year retrospective chart review (2017–2020) of all patients (n = 457) presenting to the Royal Children's Hospital Eating Disorder Service, Melbourne, was undertaken. The incidence of each diagnosis and measures of condition severity were extracted from the database and patient medical records. Clinical comments relating to the impact of COVID‐19, on both ED behaviours and treatment, were also noted.ResultsAnnual presentations increased from a mean of 98.7 per annum from 2017 to 2019 to 161 in 2020 (63% increase). COVID‐19 restrictions were reported to be a trigger for ED behaviours in 40.4% of adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa in 2020. There was no significant difference in severity across years despite increased cases.ConclusionsThe dramatic increase in presentations has implications for primary health and paediatric care as well as specialist ED services. Increased support is needed for EDs during this time.
Chronicity of Challenging Behaviors in Persons with Severe/Profound Intellectual Disabilities Who Received Active Treatment During a 20‐Year Period
Authors: Thompson Thomas J. , Walker Michael W. , LeBoeuf Jessica Boisjoli , Simeonsson Rune J. , Karakul Eda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence of the chronicity of challenging behaviors in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorder while receiving active treatment over long periods is limited. Analysis of the chronicity of these behaviors and the corresponding intensity of treatment has important implications for clinical practice and provision of services.Specific AimsThe aim was to examine chronicity of challenging behaviors in individuals with ID receiving residential treatment over a 20‐year period addressing the following questions: (1) What is the prevalence of challenging behaviors requiring a Behavior Support Plan (BSP) within the population of the facility during the study? (2) Is there a significant decline in frequency of challenging behaviors of these persons with ID over time? (3) Is there a significant decrease in intensity of intervention targeting challenging behaviors of these persons with ID over time?MethodsThe treatment records of 216 persons with ID were examined to identify individuals for whom challenging behaviors required a Behavior Support Plan. The chronicity of five categories of challenging behavior and associated treatment interventions over a 20‐year period was analyzed through repeated measures analyses.FindingsA significant decline was found for the frequency of Physical Aggression, and Physical Disruption over 20 years, but not for Self‐Injury, Verbal Disruption, and Program Refusal. There was a corresponding significant reduction of intervention intensity for Physical Aggression and Physical Disruption, however, the need for interventions persisted over time for all challenging behaviors.DiscussionResults demonstrate that rates of challenging behaviors are chronic, but remain relatively low in the repertoire of persons with ID. Parallel findings on interventions suggest that comprehensive treatment programs are needed to maintain low rates of these challenging behaviors with implications for provision of services for persons with ID, as well as planning and policy implications for managing challenging behaviors.
Differences in chlorhexidine mouthrinses formulations influence the quantitative and qualitative changes in in‐vitro oral biofilms
Authors: Zayed Naiera , Boon Nico , Bernaerts Kristel , Chatzigiannidou Ioanna , Van Holm Wannes , Verspecht Tim , Teughels Wim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveChlorhexidine mouthrinses are marketed in different formulations. This study aimed at investigating qualitative and quantitative changes in in‐vitro multispecies oral biofilms, induced by different chlorhexidine‐containing mouthrinses.Background dataEarlier studies comparing chlorhexidine mouthrinses are either clinical studies or in‐vitro studies assessing the antimicrobial efficacy of the mouthrinses. However, no clear investigations are available regarding ecological impact of different chlorhexidine formulations on in‐vitro multispecies oral biofilms after rinsing with different chlorhexidine formulations.MethodsNine commercially available chlorhexidine mouthrinses were selected. Multispecies oral communities (14 species) were grown for 48 h in a Biostat‐B Twin bioreactor. After that, they were used to develop biofilms on the surface of hydroxyapatite disks in 24‐well pates for 48 h. Biofilms were then rinsed once or multiple times with the corresponding mouthrinse. Biofilms were collected before starting the rinsing experiment and every 24 h for 3 days and vitality quantitative PCR was performed. The experiment was repeated 3 independent times on 3 different days and the results were analyzed using a linear mixed model.ResultsThe mouthrinses provoked different effects in terms of change in total viable bacterial load (VBL), ecology, and community structure of the multispecies biofilms. There was no relation between chlorhexidine concentrations, presence, or absence of cetylpyridinium chloride and/or alcohol, and the observed effects. Some tested chlorhexidine mouthrinses (MC, HG, HH, and HI) strongly lowered the total VBL (≈1007 Geq/ml), but disrupted biofilm symbiosis (≥40% of the biofilms communities are pathobionts). On the other hand, other tested chlorhexidine mouthrinses (MD, ME, and HF) had limited impact on total VBL (≥1010 Geq/ml), but improved the biofilm ecology and community structure (≤10% of the biofilms communities are pathobionts).ConclusionNot all chlorhexidine mouthrinses have the same effect on oral biofilms. Their effect seems to be strongly product dependent and vary according to their compositions and formulations.
Impact of different microwave treatments on food texture
Authors: Kutlu Naciye , Pandiselvam Ravi , Saka Irem , Kamiloglu Aybike , Sahni Prashant , Kothakota Anjineyulu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic waves are frequently used for food processing with commercial or domestic type microwave ovens at present. Microwaves cause molecular movement by the migration of ionic particles or rotation of dipolar particles. Considering the potential applications of microwave technique in food industry, it is seen that microwaves have many advantages such as saving time, better final product quality (more taste, color, and nutritional value), and rapid heat generation. Although microwave treatment used for food processing with developing technologies have a positive effect in terms of time, energy, or nutrient value, it is also very important to what extent they affect the textural properties of the food that they apply to. For this purpose, in this study, it has been investigated that the effects of commonly used microwave treatments such as drying, heating, baking, cooking, thawing, toasting, blanching, frying, and sterilization on the textural properties of food. In addition, this study has also covered the challenges of microwave treatments and future work. In conclusion, microwave treatments cause energy saving due to a short processing time. Therefore, it can be said that it affects the textural properties positively. However, it is important that the microwave processing conditions used are chosen appropriately for each food material.
Liver fibrosis scores and risk of liver‐related mortality in young adults with chronic hepatitis B: A cohort study
Authors: Sohn Won , Chang Yoosoo , Cho Yong Kyun , Hong Yun Soo , Shin Hocheol , Ryu Seungho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe predictive role of noninvasive liver fibrosis scores on liver‐related mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B below 40 years of age remains unclarified. We examined the association of liver fibrosis scores with liver‐related mortality in young (<40 years) and older adults with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A cohort study was performed in 21,360 HBsAg‐positive Korean adults without liver cirrhosis or liver cancer at baseline who were followed up for up to 18 years. The liver fibrosis scores were determined using the fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4) and aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI). Patients’ vital status and cause of death were ascertained through the National Death Records. During a median follow‐up of 10.2 years, 283 liver‐related deaths were identified (liver‐related mortality, 127.4/105 person‐years). The liver fibrosis scores were significantly associated with increased risks of liver‐related mortality; this association did not differ by age group (<40 vs. ≥40 years). The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for liver‐related mortality comparing intermediate and high to low FIB‐4 scores were 4.23 (1.99–9.00), and 15.16 (5.18–44.38), respectively, among individuals under 40, and 4.46 (3.03–6.56) and 22.47 (15.11–33.41), respectively, among older individuals. These associations were similar in analyses using APRI. In this cohort of HBsAg‐positive individuals, the liver fibrosis scores were associated with increased risks of liver‐related mortality in young and older adults. The liver fibrosis scores have a role in predicting liver mortality, even in young adults with HBV.