bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A state-wide audit of unhealthy sponsorship within junior sporting clubs in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Martino Florentine , Chung Alexandra , Potter Jane , Heneghan Tara , Chisholm Melanie , Riesenberg Devorah , Gupta Adyya , Backholer Kathryn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:To systematically audit the extent of unhealthy sponsorship within junior community sporting clubs and ascertain whether differences exist across geographical areas and sport types.Design:Club sponsorship data were assessed to determine the extent of unhealthy food/beverage, alcohol and gambling sponsorship using a cross-sectional design. Differences across geographical areas were assessed using logistic regressions.Setting:A stratified random sampling procedure was used to select thirty communities across the state of Victoria, Australia. Within each community, local clubs across the top eight participating junior sports were selected for audit.Participants:Sponsorship data were collected from 191 club websites and Facebook pages in September–November 2019.Results:Unhealthy sponsorships represented 8·9 % of all identified sponsorship arrangements. A quarter of all clubs accepted alcohol (25·6 %) and unhealthy food sponsors (25·9 %), and one-fifth of all clubs accepted high-risk food (unhealthy brands with large market share) (18·1 %) and gambling sponsors (20·4 %). Acceptance of unhealthy sponsorship differed across sport types with football, netball, cricket and soccer clubs having the greatest numbers. Compared with metro areas, a significantly greater proportion of sporting clubs in regional areas were affiliated with unhealthy food (32·7 % v. 19·6 %) and high-risk food sponsors (26·9 % v. 9·8 %). A higher proportion of clubs in low socio-economic status (SES), compared with the high SES areas, were affiliated with alcohol (33·9 % v. 16·5 %) and gambling sponsors (27·4 % v. 12·6 %).Conclusion:Victorian children participating in community junior sports are being exposed to marketing of unhealthy brands and products. Public health intervention is necessary to protect children from this exposure.
Validation of the FRESH Austin food frequency questionnaire using multiple 24-h dietary recalls
Authors: Jovanovic Christine ES , Whitefield Jacob , Hoelscher Deanna M , Chen Boajiang , Ranjit Nalini , van den Berg Alexandra E 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:The purpose of the current study was to examine the validity of an FFQ utilised in the Food Retail: Evaluating Strategies for a Healthy Austin (FRESH Austin) study, designed to evaluate changes in the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) in diverse low-income communities in Austin, TX.Design:The FRESH Austin FFQ was validated against three 24-h dietary recalls (24hDR). All dietary assessments were administered (in-person or by telephone) by trained investigators.Setting:Recruitment was conducted at sites within the geographic areas targeted in the FRESH Austin recruitment. People at a community health clinic, a local health centre and a YMCA within the intervention area were approached by trained and certified data collectors, and invited to participate.Participants:Among fifty-six participants, 83 % were female, 46 % were non-White, 24 % had income < $25 K/year and 30 % spoke only/mostly Spanish at home.Results:The FFQ and average of three 24hDR produce similar estimates of average total servings/d across FV (6·68 and 6·40 servings/d, respectively). Correlations produced measures from 0·01 for ‘Potatoes’ and 0·59 for ‘Other Vegetables’. Mean absolute percentage errors values were small for all FV, suggesting the variance of the error estimates was also small. Bland–Altman plots indicate acceptable levels of agreement between the two methods.Conclusion:These outcomes indicate that the FRESH FFQ is a valid instrument for assessing FV consumption. The validation of the FRESH Austin FFQ provides important insights for evaluating community-based efforts to increase FV consumption in diverse populations.
Is bioelectrical impedance vector analysis a good indicator of nutritional status in children and adolescents?
Authors: Almeida Yohanne L , Costa Maia Carla S , Barros Natássia ERP , Moreno Luis A , Carioca Antônio Augusto F , Loureiro Adriano CC 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:The study objective is to propose bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) ellipses for the population and investigate its use to assess nutritional status through the BMI/age ratio and the cardiovascular risk through waist circumference (WC).Design:Age, weight, height and WC were recorded, along with the values of resistance (R), reactance (Xc) and phase angle (PA) by impedance. Student’s t test and ANOVA were applied to ascertain the significance between means and a specific programme was applied to investigate the significance between ellipses.Setting:Fortaleza, Brazil.Participants:A total of 467 students from public schools participated in the study: 120 children and 347 adolescents were evaluated, with respective means of age, weight and height of 8·2 years, 27·6 kg and 1·29 m and 12·7 years, 48·6 kg and 1·53 m, respectively.Results:The mean values of R/H, Xc/H and PA were 569·0 and 424·7 Ohm/m, 59·1 and 50·4 Ohm/m, and 5·9º and 6·8º for children and adolescents, respectively. The mean vectors for R/H and Xc/H show significant differences between for both age ranges and are inversely proportional to the BMI/A. As for WC, individuals without cardiovascular risk had higher R/H and lower Xc/H, but Xc and R in participants without cardiovascular risk were greater than with cardiovascular risk.Conclusions:It was possible to propose confidence and tolerance BIVA ellipses for children and adolescent’s clinical evaluation. The method was also suitable to identify cardiovascular risk ellipses in these age groups, but it was not possible to draw nutritional classifications ellipses by BMI/age data.
Sources of nutrition information for Indonesian women during pregnancy: how is information sought and provided?
Authors: Rahmawati Widya , van der Pligt Paige , Willcox Jane C , Worsley Anthony F 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:Adequate and appropriate nutrition education is expected to contribute towards preventing risk of child stunting and maternal overweight/obesity. Understanding women’s information-seeking behaviours is an important key step for health professionals and departments of health in order to improve the development of optimal and targeted nutrition education during pregnancy. This study investigated the experience of Indonesian women in seeking and receiving nutritional information during pregnancy and its relationship to women’s socio-demographic and pregnancy characteristics.Design:An online cross-sectional study.Setting:Malang City, Indonesia.Participants:Women who had given birth within the past 2 years (n335).Results:All women in this study sought or received food and nutrition information from multiple sources, including social and health professional contacts and media sources. The women frequently discussed nutrition issues with their family, particularly their husband (98·2 %) and mother or mother-in-law (91·6 %). This study identified four groups of sources based on women’s search habits. Women from high socio-economic strata were more likely to discuss food and nutrition issues or received nutrition information from obstetricians, their family or online sources (adjustedR2= 26·3 %). Women from low socio-economic strata were more likely to receive nutrition information from midwives, health volunteers or Maternal and Child Health books (adjustedR2= 14·5 %).Conclusions:A variety of nutrition information sources needs to be provided for women from different socio-economic strata. Involvement of family members in antenatal nutrition education may improve the communication and effectiveness of young mothers’ dietary and nutrition education.
Stratigraphy of volcanic rock successions of the North Atlantic rifted margin: the offshore record of the Faroe–Shetland and Rockall basins
Authors: JOLLEY David W. , MILLETT John M. , SCHOFIELD Nick , BROADLEY Lena , HOLE Malcolm J. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe integration of biostratigraphical, wireline log, geophysical and available geochronological ages has identified two principal periods of volcanism in the Faroe–Shetland and Rockall basins. The first is pre-breakup, upper Danian to lower Thanetian: in the Rockall and Faroe–Shetland basins, isolated volcanic activity from 62 Ma to 58.7 Ma is identified in areas closely linked to the SSW–NNE structural fabric of the continental margin. Volcanic activity was concentrated at basin flank fissures and localised point sources. This rift-flank volcanism led to widespread volcanic ash deposition, localised lava flow fields and the formation of igneous centres. Some of the Hebridean and onshore central complexes (e.g., Rum) were uplifted and rapidly eroded during the later pre-breakup period, while additional accommodation space was developed in the adjacent offshore basins. Onset and termination of pre-breakup volcanism is correlated to intra-plate stress regimes in Europe, following the cessation of convergence of Africa and Europe in the Danian. The second is syn-breakup, upper Thanetian to Ypresian, initiated at ca.57 Ma in the Rockall and Faroe–Shetland basins. Initial high-volume extrusive igneous successions were focussed to the W in the Faroe–Shetland Basin. In the centre and E of the Faroe–Shetland and Rockall basins, separate eruption loci developed along pre-existing lineaments either as fissure or point-sourced lava fields. Short-term cessation of eruption at ~55.8 Ma was followed by resumption of flood basalt eruptions and a shift in focus to the NW. Fluctuations in the syn-breakup eruption tempo are reflected in the formation and subsequent rejuvenation of prominent unconformities, only previously recognised as a single erosive event. The W and northward shift of eruption focus, and the eruption of mid ocean ridge basalt-type lavas in the syn-breakup period reflect the onset of lithospheric thinning in the nascent North Atlantic Rift prior to flooding of the rift and eruption of the widespread lower Ypresian Balder Formation tephras.
RADIUS – ein verhaltenstherapeutisches blended treatment in der Suchtbehandlung
Authors: Bertino Martina , Gevers Mario 
Published: May 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bekannt? Im blended treatment wird Onlinetherapie nicht mehr als stand-alone-Technik angewandt, sondern im Face-to-Face-Setting. Ziel ist die Verbindung der Vorteile aus beiden Ansätzen. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? CRA und RADIUS zeigen einen Prototyp des blended treatments in der Behandlung von Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. Dabei zeigen sich neue Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten und mehr Flexibilität für die Nutzer_innen. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Die Möglichkeit der ambulanten therapeutischen Arbeit wird aus mulitprofessioneller Perspektive erweitert. Die psychotherapeutische Zusammenarbeit kann Pflegende einbinden und die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten erweitern.
Development and Validation of the Perceived Societal Marginalization Scale
Authors: Bollwerk Michael , Schlipphak Bernd , Back Mitja D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Current societal conflicts are characterized by identity struggles and discontent concerning globalization and modernization. While the literature identifies several psychological determinants of this discontent, systematic measurement approaches based on well-defined constructs are rare. Here, we present the development and validation of the Perceived Societal Marginalization (PSM) scale, which aims to assess individual differences in people’s subjective perceptions of the insignificance and lack of recognition of their own social groups in the domains of economy, culture, and politics. We first provide a definition of PSM and a conceptual analysis of its components based on (a) a top-down review of relevant psychological, sociological, and political science theories and (b) a bottom-up approach involving semi-structured group interviews with various German citizen associations followed by qualitative content analysis. We then present the results of psychometric validation of the PSM scale (factor structure, reliability) based on three large online surveys with heterogeneous samples (total N = 2,566) and explore sociodemographic, personality, and attitudinal correlates. The discussion focuses on applications of the PSM scale, that is, the role of PSM in explaining societal cleavages as well as threat perceptions towards and rejection of cultural, ethnic, and religious minorities.
The Key Role of Production Efficiency Changes in Livestock Methane Emission Mitigation
Authors: Chang Jinfeng , Peng Shushi , Yin Yi , Ciais Philippe , Havlik Petr , Herrero Mario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe livestock sector is the largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions and is projected to increase in the future with the increased demand for livestock products. Here, we compare livestock methane emissions and emission intensities, defined by the amount of methane emitted per unit of animal proteins, estimated by different methodologies, and identify mitigation potentials in different regions of the world based on possible future projections. We show that emission intensity decreased for most livestock categories globally during 2000–2018, due to an increasing protein‐production efficiency, and the IPCC Tier 2 method should be used for capturing the temporal changes in the emission intensities. We further show that efforts on the demand‐side to promote balanced, healthy, and environmentally sustainable diets in most countries will not be sufficient to mitigate livestock methane emissions without parallel efforts to improve production efficiency. The latter efforts have much greater mitigating effects than demand‐side efforts, and hence should be prioritized in a few developing countries that contribute most of the mitigation potential.
Limitations in One‐Dimensional (an)Elastic Earth Models for Explaining GPS‐Observed M2 Ocean Tide Loading Displacements in New Zealand
Authors: Matviichuk Bogdan , King Matt A. , Watson Christopher S. , Bos Machiel S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGPS observations of ocean tide loading displacements can help infer the regional anelastic properties of the asthenosphere. We estimate M2 ocean tide loading displacements at 170 GPS sites in New Zealand and compare these to modeled values using a range of numerical tide and radially symmetric (1D) elastic and anelastic Earth models. Regardless of the model combination, we are unable to reduce the strong spatial coherence of the M2 residuals across the North Island where they reach 0.4 mm (2%). The best fit in the North Island is obtained when combining the FES2014b tide model with spatially variable ocean density and water compressibility, and the STW105 Earth model. The residuals exhibit a change of ∼0.3 mm in magnitude between the Taupo Volcanic Zone and the east coast (∼100 km), suggesting that this region's laterally varying, shallow rheological structure may need to be considered to explain these observations.
Effects of intermittent (5:2) or continuous energy restriction on basal and postprandial metabolism: a randomised study in normal-weight, young participants
Authors: Gao Yangfan , Tsintzas Kostas , Macdonald Ian A. , Cordon Sally M. , Taylor Moira A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
Intermittent energy restriction (IER) may overcome poor long-term adherence with continuous energy restriction (CER), for weight reduction. We compared the effects of IER with CER for fasting and postprandial metabolism and appetite in metabolically healthy participants, in whom excess weight would not confound intrinsic metabolic differences.

Subjects/methods
In a 2-week randomised, parallel trial, 16 young, healthy-weight participants were assigned to either CER (20% below estimated energy requirements (EER)) or 5:2 IER (70% below EER on 2 non-consecutive days; 5 days at EER, per week). Metabolic and appetite regulation markers were assessed before and for 3 h after a liquid breakfast; followed by an ad libitum lunch; pre- and post-intervention.

Results
Weight loss was similar in both groups: −2.5 (95% CI, −3.4, −1.6) kg for 5:2 IER vs. −2.3 (−2.9, −1.7) kg for CER. There were no differences between groups for postprandial incremental area under the curve for serum insulin, blood glucose or subjective appetite ratings. Compared with CER, 5:2 IER led to a reduction in fasting blood glucose concentrations (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.018, η2p = 0.14). Similarly, compared with CER, there were beneficial changes in fasting composite appetite scores after 5:2 IER (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.0003, η2p = 0.35).

Conclusions
There were no significant differences in postprandial insulinaemic, glycaemic or appetite responses between treatments. However, 5:2 IER resulted in greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, and beneficial changes in fasting subjective appetite ratings.
The consumption of low-calorie sweetener containing foods during pregnancy: results from the ROLO study
Authors: Conway Marie C. , Cawley Shona , Geraghty Aisling A. , Walsh Niamh M. , O’Brien Eileen C. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are advised to adapt a low glycaemic index (GI) diet, which may impact consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS). LCS are increasingly popular as they add sweetness without contributing calories. This study aims to investigate the reported intakes of LCS-containing foods in women during pregnancy.

Subjects/methods
Pregnant women recruited for the ROLO study were included in this analysis (n = 571). Women were randomised to receive either an intervention of low-GI dietary advice or usual antenatal care. Women completed a 3-day food diary in each trimester. Nine LCS-containing food groups were identified, and the quantity (g/day) consumed was calculated.

Results
One-third of all pregnant women consumed LCS across each trimester of pregnancy. Of those in the intervention group who were LCS consumers in trimester 1, 71.6% were consumers in trimester 2, and 54.1% remained consumers in trimester 3. In the control group, less women remained consumers in trimester 2 and 3 at 58.1% and 41.9%, respectively. In trimester 2, following the dietary intervention, the proportion of LCS consumers in the intervention group was significantly higher than the proportion of consumers who were in the control group (p < 0.001). The most commonly consumed food groups were low-calorie fruit drinks, diet-cola drinks, and low-calorie yoghurts.

Conclusions
One-third of pregnant women consumed LCS. The proportion of LCS consumers increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Further research is needed to determine exposure levels to individual LCS, and the effect of prenatal exposure to LCS on maternal and child health outcomes.
Cytokine expression patterns in hospitalized children with Bordetella pertussis, Rhinovirus or co-infection
Authors: Pandolfi Elisabetta , Panera Nadia , Alisi Anna , Carloni Emanuela , Russo Luisa , Campagna Ilaria , Rizzo Caterina , Concato Carlo , Linardos Giulia , Piccioni Livia , Jackson Sally , Villani Alberto , Midulla Fabio , Tozzi Alberto E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMechanisms of interaction between Bordetella pertussis and other viral agents are yet to be fully explored. We studied the inflammatory cytokine expression patterns among children with both viral-bacterial infections. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples were taken from children, aged < 1 year, positive for Rhinovirus, Bordetella pertussis and for Rhinovirus and Bordetella pertussis. Forty cytokines were evaluated in NPA by using human cytokine protein arrays and a quantitative analysis was performed on significantly altered cytokines. Forty cytokines were evaluated in NPA by using human cytokine protein arrays and a quantitative analysis was performed on significantly altered cytokines. Our results show that co-infections display a different inflammatory pattern compared to single infections, suggesting that a chronic inflammation caused by one of the two pathogens could be the trigger for exacerbation in co-infections.
Subclinical hypothyroidism or isolated high TSH in hospitalized patients with chronic heart-failure and chronic renal-failure
Authors: Bashkin Amir , Abu Saleh Wagde , Shehadeh Mona , Even Lea , Ronen Ohad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSub-clinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is common in heart failure (HF) and advanced renal failure (RF), but it is unclear whether there is a thyroid disease or a transient increase in TSH level. This is a retrospective study of hospitalized patients in medical departments. All patients with SCH and a TSH level up to less than 12 mIU/L were identified. Those who had at least one recurring admission within at least 6 months were included. A change in thyroid function during the last re-admission was determined and classified as an improvement, no change, or worsening of thyroid function. Overall, 126 cases of SCH met the inclusion criteria for re-admission. Analysis of the most recent hospitalization showed that in 100 (79.4%) patients thyroid function improved, in 15 (11.9%) patients thyroid function remained unchanged and only in 11 (8.7%) patients did thyroid function worsen. In most cases, worsening of hypothyroidism was determined by initiation of a low dose levothyroxine treatment. Of the 126 participants, 43 (34.1%) and 22 (17.5%) had a diagnosis of HF and RF (CKD stages 4 and 5), respectively. There was no association between HF or advanced RF and worsening of SCH. No association was found between worsening of hypothyroidism and gender, age, TSH, or creatinine levels in the first hospitalization. A borderline association between elevated CRP levels at first hospitalization and hypothyroidism worsening was found (p = 0.066). Mildly elevated TSH in hospitalized patients with HF and advanced RF is transient and most probably not related to thyroid disease and not associated with age or gender.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation immediately after trauma predicts a poor prognosis in severely injured patients
Authors: Wada Takeshi , Shiraishi Atsushi , Gando Satoshi , Yamakawa Kazuma , Fujishima Seitaro , Saitoh Daizoh , Kushimoto Shigeki , Ogura Hiroshi , Abe Toshikazu , Mayumi Toshihiko , Sasaki Junichi , Kotani Joji , Takeyama Naoshi , Tsuruta Ryosuke , Takuma Kiyotsugu , Yamashita Norio , Shiraishi Shin-ichiro , Ikeda Hiroto , Shiino Yasukazu , Tarui Takehiko , Nakada Taka-aki , Hifumi Toru , Okamoto Kohji , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Hagiwara Akiyoshi , Masuno Tomohiko , Ueyama Masashi , Fujimi Satoshi , Umemura Yutaka , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrauma patients die from massive bleeding due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with a fibrinolytic phenotype in the early phase, which transforms to DIC with a thrombotic phenotype in the late phase of trauma, contributing to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and a consequently poor outcome. This is a sub-analysis of a multicenter prospective descriptive cross-sectional study on DIC to evaluate the effect of a DIC diagnosis on the survival probability and predictive performance of DIC scores for massive transfusion, MODS, and hospital death in severely injured trauma patients. A DIC diagnosis on admission was associated with a lower survival probability (Log Rank P < 0.001), higher frequency of massive transfusion and MODS and a higher mortality rate than no such diagnosis. The DIC scores at 0 and 3 h significantly predicted massive transfusion, MODS, and hospital death. Markers of thrombin and plasmin generation and fibrinolysis inhibition also showed a good predictive ability for these three items. In conclusion, a DIC diagnosis on admission was associated with a low survival probability. DIC scores obtained immediately after trauma predicted a poor prognosis of severely injured trauma patients.