bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diapause vs. reproductive programs: transcriptional phenotypes in a keystone copepod
Authors: Lenz Petra H. , Roncalli Vittoria , Cieslak Matthew C. , Tarrant Ann M. , Castelfranco Ann M. , Hartline Daniel K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany arthropods undergo a seasonal dormancy termed “diapause” to optimize timing of reproduction in highly seasonal environments. In the North Atlantic, the copepodCalanus finmarchicuscompletes one to three generations annually with some individuals maturing into adults, while others interrupt their development to enter diapause. It is unknown which, why and when individuals enter the diapause program. Transcriptomic data from copepods on known programs were analyzed using dimensionality reduction of gene expression and functional analyses to identify program-specific genes and biological processes. These analyses elucidated physiological differences and established protocols that distinguish between programs. Differences in gene expression were associated with maturation of individuals on the reproductive program, while those on the diapause program showed little change over time. Only two of six filters effectively separated copepods by developmental program. The first one included all genes annotated to RNA metabolism and this was confirmed using differential gene expression analysis. The second filter identified 54 differentially expressed genes that were consistently up-regulated in individuals on the diapause program in comparison with those on the reproductive program. Annotated to oogenesis, RNA metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis, these genes are both indicators for diapause preparation and good candidates for functional studies.
Coordinated collision avoidance for multi‐vehicle systems based on collision time
Authors: Yu Hongjun , Wang Ying , Liang Lihua , Shi Peng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVehicles have irregular shapes and inter‐vehicle coordination is not a trivial task. Based on the distributed‐system framework, this paper studies multi‐vehicle control and coordinated obstacle avoidance for multiple autonomous vehicles with irregular shapes. The goal is to reach target points without collisions. The proposed approaches are based on collision time, which is calculated using vehicles' irregular shapes. The approaches have two parts. The first part enables a number of vehicles to reach the target points. The second part enables collision avoidance, which includes inter‐vehicle collisions and vehicle‐to‐obstacle collisions. Speed regulation approach is proposed to change the speeds, and frequency‐modulation approach is proposed to update control commands at varying steps, and a combined approach is also proposed. Simulation examples are set to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Sensing accuracy enhancement of long‐range distributed fibre‐optic temperature sensor using hybrid algorithm
Authors: Pradhan Himansu Shekhar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a long‐range distributed fibre‐optic temperature sensor with high sensing accuracy to monitor temperature using Brillouin scattering mechanism. Fourier deconvolution, Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution, dichotomised singular value decomposition and hybrid algorithms were employed to measure the temperature of proposed sensor. Optical time domain reflectometry technique is used to extract the temperature profile for 70, 60 and 50 km sensing ranges. The improvement of temperature accuracy using hybrid algorithm is achieved for 70 km sensing distance. In order to extract temperature information, the numerical simulation process has been incorporated in the proposed long‐range sensing system. Moreover, the temperature accuracy of the proposed system is obtained using Fourier deconvolution, Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution, dichotomised singular value decomposition and hybrid algorithms for 70, 60 and 50 km sensing ranges. The simulation results show that the temperature accuracy is observed as 4.8°K using hybrid algorithm compared to Fourier deconvolution algorithm that shows temperature accuracy as 14°K at 70 km. In the proposed sensor, a spatial resolution of 20 m is observed for a sensing range of 70 km using hybrid algorithm. In addition, the denoising competence of the proposed hybrid algorithm is validated using 50 km optical time domain reflectometry backscattered trace observed experimentally. Further, a peak dynamic range improvement of optical time domain reflectometry backscattered trace as 3.91 dB is observed using hybrid algorithm.
Fuzzy logic and Lyapunov‐based non‐linear controllers for HCV infection
Authors: Hamza Ali , Ahmad Iftikhar , Uneeb Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHepatitis C is the liver disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which can lead to serious health problems such as liver cancer. In this research work, the non‐linear model of HCV having three state variables (uninfected hepatocytes, infected hepatocytes and virions) and two control inputs has been taken into account, and four non‐linear controllers namely non‐linear PID controller, Lyapunov Redesign controller, Synergetic controller and Fuzzy Logic‐Based controller have been proposed to control HCV infection inside the human body. The controllers have been designed for the anti‐viral therapy in order to control the amount of uninfected hepatocytes to the desired safe limit and to track the amount of infected hepatocytes and virions to their reference value which is zero. One control input is the Pegylated interferon (peg‐IFN‐α) which acts in reducing the infected hepatocytes and the other input is ribavirin which blocks the production of virions. By doing so, the uninfected hepatocytes increase and achieve the required safe limit. Lyapunov stability analysis has been used to prove the stability of the whole system. The comparative analysis of the proposed nonlinear controllers using MATLAB/Simulink have been done with each other and with linear PID. These results depict that the infected hepatocytes and virions are reduced to the desired level, enhancing the rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) and reducing the treatment period as compared with previous strategies introduced in the literature.
Update Übelkeit und Erbrechen in der Geriatrie
Authors: Schaefer Rolf 
Published: March 2021

Was ist neu?
Definition/Epidemiologie/Ursachen Übelkeit ist, ebenso wie das Erbrechen, ein Symptom und kein eigenständiges Krankheitsbild. Dies macht eine genaue Angabe der Häufigkeit im Alter schwierig. Schätzungsweise jeder 2. bis 3. ist betroffen.
Veränderungen des Magen-Darm-Trakts Übelkeit im Alter hat viele mögliche Ursachen (zerebral gesteuert oder durch gastrointestinale Veränderungen bedingt). Die physiologische Alterung des Magen-Darm-Trakts bewirkt allein keine Übelkeit.
Mögliche Ursachen für Übelkeit und Erbrechen Viele Erkrankungen, die gehäuft im Alter auftreten, können ursächlich für Übelkeit und Erbrechen sein. Dazu gehören z. B. Diabetes mellitus oder Morbus Parkinson. Aber auch die häufig bestehende Multimedikation kann zu gastrointestinalen Symptomen führen.
Diagnostik Basis der Diagnostik sind die detaillierte Anamnese und die gute körperliche Untersuchung. Die weiteren diagnostischen Schritte müssen individuell auf den Patienten abgestimmt sein. Eine offizielle Leitlinie zur Diagnostik gibt es nicht.
Therapie Die Therapie zielt zunächst auf die Behandlung der Ursache (ursächliche Grunderkrankung(en) oder Multimedikation). Erst im zweiten Schritt sollte eine symptomorientierte Medikation erfolgen. Viele mögliche Medikamente sind jedoch beim alten Menschen inadäquat.
Rheuma, Entzündung und kardiovaskuläres Risiko
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Baerwald Christoph 
Published: March 2021

Was ist neu?
Kardiovaskuläres Risikoprofil von Patienten mit entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen Patienten mit entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen leiden häufiger an kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen als die Normalbevölkerung. Trotz der Feststellung dieses erhöhten Risikos vor mehr als einem Jahrzehnt konnte die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität in dieser Patientengruppe noch nicht gesenkt werden. Auch im Jahr 2021 bleibt das kardiovaskuläre Risikomanagement von Patienten mit entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen ein relevanter Aspekt für Hausärzte, klinisch tätige Rheumatologen und Forschende.
Kardiovaskuläre Risikobewertung Gängige Berechnungen des kardiovaskulären Risikos für die Normalbevölkerung schätzen das Risiko für Patienten mit entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen oft falsch niedrig ein. Obwohl die Entzündung immer wieder als unabhängiger Risikofaktor bestätigt wird, fehlt es derzeit noch an einem validierten Entzündungsparameter, der in Risikoberechnungen integriert werden kann. Zudem muss der Einfluss weiterer krankheitsspezifischen Faktoren – etwa die Krankheitsaktivität oder die Therapie – auf das kardiovaskuläre Risiko untersucht werden. Aktuell existiert noch keine eigenständige kardiovaskuläre Risikobewertung für Patienten mit entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen.
Medikamentöse Beeinflussung des kardiovaskulären Risikos Krankheitsmodifizierende antirheumatische Medikamente reduzieren das kardiovaskuläre Risiko. Dieser Effekt konnte in aktuellen Studien besonders für Biologika bestätigt werden. Tumornekrosefaktor-α-Inhibitoren senken beispielsweise die Rate der kardiovaskulären Ereignisse um 15 %. Auch Methotrexat, das wahrscheinlich am häufigsten eingesetzte Medikament, kann einen positiven Einfluss auf das kardiovaskuläre Risiko haben. Daten zu den relativ neuen Januskinase-Inhibitoren werden in den kommenden Jahren erwartet.
Entwicklung sekundärer Kopfschmerzen durch Exposition oder Übergebrauch einer Substanz
Authors: Lenz Britta , Obermann Mark , Katsarava Zaza 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSekundäre Kopfschmerzen, die auf die Exposition, den Übergebrauch oder den Entzug einer Substanz zurückzuführen sind, sind in Kapitel 8 der 3. Auflage der Internationalen Klassifikation von Kopfschmerzerkrankungen (ICHD-3) aufgeführt. Es werden 3 Unterkapitel unterschieden: 8.1. Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Substanzgebrauch oder Substanzexposition, 8.2. Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf einen Medikamentenübergebrauch und 8.3. Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf den Entzug einer Substanz. Ersterer – Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf Substanzgebrauch oder Substanzexposition – bezieht sich auf einen Kopfschmerz mit Beginn unmittelbar oder innerhalb von Stunden nach der Exposition. Hingegen ist der „Kopfschmerz zurückzuführen auf einen Medikamentenübergebrauch“ (MOH) definiert als ein Kopfschmerz, der an 15 oder mehr Tagen pro Monat bei Patienten mit einer vorbestehenden primären Kopfschmerzerkrankung auftritt und sich als Folge der regelmäßigen Einnahme akuter Kopfschmerzmedikamenten über einen Zeitraum von mehr als 3 aufeinanderfolgende Monate entwickelt hat. Bezüglich letzterem, ist der Entzug von Koffein, Östrogen und Opioiden am häufigsten mit der Entwicklung von Kopfschmerzen assoziiert.Der vorliegende Artikel soll einen Überblick über die neuesten Erkenntnisse zur Klassifikation, Pathophysiologie und zu Behandlungsstrategien dieser sekundären Kopfschmerzentitäten geben und legt den Schwerpunkt dabei auf die Unterkapitel 8.1 und 8.2. der ICHD-3-Klassifikation.
Korrektur einer mandibulären Asymmetrie mit frontal offenem
Biss mittels Frontzahnextraktion und Lingualtechnik
Authors: Pauls Alexander 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Bestimmte Dysgnathien sowie von der Norm abweichende
Zahnformen stellen für Patienten nicht nur funktionelle Risiken,
sondern auch ästhetische Probleme dar. Die vorgestellte Kasuistik
beschreibt die Korrektur beider Problemfelder.
Kasuistik Präsentiert wird der Fall einer 61-jährigen
Patientin mit Laterognathie, moderater Angle-Klasse III, frontalem Kreuz-
und Kopfbiss, frontal offenem Biss und ausgeprägten
Engständen sowie deren Korrektur mittels vollständig
individueller lingualer Apparatur und Extraktion eines unteren Frontzahnes
sowie nachfolgender konservierender Umgestaltung einiger Frontzähne
durch den Hauszahnarzt. Um die Ästhetik im Bereich der
Extraktionslücke zu optimieren, erfolgte die temporäre
Applikation eines Pontics durch den Kieferorthopäden.
Schlussfolgerungen Bei geeigneten Behandlungsfällen kann eine
Frontzahnextraktion im Unterkiefer die Therapie einer Asymmetrie sowie einer
moderate Angle-Klasse III mit frontalem Kopf-/Kreuzbiss
unterstützen. Auch komplexe Fälle lassen sich mit einer
vollständig individuellen lingualen Apparatur erfolgreich und
vorhersagbar behandeln.
Value of Nontechnical Skills in Minimally Invasive Surgery
Authors: Araujo Sergio Eduardo Alonso , Kim Nam Jin , Cendoroglo Neto Miguel , Klajner Sidney 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNontechnical skills are of increasing importance in surgery and surgical training. The main studies on its impact on the safety and effectiveness of surgical interventions were mainly published in the first decade of the 2000s. Due to the significant technical complexity and great diversity of instruments for nontechnical skills evaluation, the interest in training and in measuring the impact on surgical safety has relatively decreased. However, the advent of minimally invasive surgery and its peculiar technical characteristics of sophisticated technique and constant innovation through the adoption of new materials and drugs has rekindled interest in this expertise area.In the present review, we have revisited the main instruments available to measure nontechnical skill of surgical teams and analyzed the role of the main competencies on which they are based, such as situational awareness, leadership and communication skills, and the consistency of the intraoperative decision-making process.We conclude that despite the great consensus that exists among all members of the health team on the importance of nontechnical skills for the surgical team in minimally invasive surgery, the reproducible evidence on the subject is scarce and laborious to obtain. To the extent that protecting and expanding nontechnical skills is fundamental to the path toward the high reliability of health institutions, it is possible to anticipate here the role of these institutions as promoters of continuity and new research models in this area of knowledge, especially in minimally invasive surgery, an access route to which more and more patients undergoing surgical treatment in these same institutions are submitted.
Safe Introduction of New Technologies and Techniques in Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Melani Armando Geraldo Franchini , Romagnolo Luis Gustavo Capochin , Davila Eduardo Parra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the past 20 years, colorectal surgery has experienced important advances as a result of new technologies that have increasingly transformed conventional open surgery into maximal usage of minimally invasive approaches. While many tools are being developed to change the way that operations are being performed, quality must not suffer. We describe here some of the aspects to pursue to achieve optimal and safe outcomes while utilizing minimally invasive techniques such as robotic surgery, transanal total mesorectal excision, as well as the role of immunofluorescence.
Elements that affect foreign tourists’ satisfaction: a case study in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Ryu Chehyun , Kwon Youngsang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCity tourism is one of the fastest growing industries worldwide. City tourism based on the attractiveness of the city is an important policy objective to secure competitiveness and sustainability of the city. However, as a city attracts more tourists, this uniqueness tends to decrease with the introduction of global corporate franchises as well as the construction of standardised buildings. Policymakers focus more on building hotels and shopping centres than on enhancing the cityscape. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the effect of cityscapes on tourist satisfaction. It encourages policymakers to bear in mind what really matters in fostering tourist satisfaction. During this research, about 250 foreign tourists visiting Seoul were given questionnaires to complete. Ordered logistic regression was used to analyse the data collected. The results demonstrated that among several elements that affected tourist satisfaction, such as shopping, security, and public transportation services, the cityscape had the greatest influence. This fact shows that urban competitiveness and sustainable city tourism are more important than the construction of new buildings or infrastructure in the short term. In the future, policymakers should seek to strengthen the city’s competitiveness from a longer-term perspective for its sustainable economic revitalisation.
Measures of both perceived general and specific risks and benefits differentially predict adolescent and young adult tobacco and marijuana use: findings from a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: McKelvey Karma , Gaiha Shivani Mathur , Delucchi Kevin L. , Halpern-Felsher Bonnie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHealth behavior theorists and prevention researchers use a variety of measures of adolescent and young adult (AYA) risk and benefit perceptions to predict tobacco-use and marijuana-use behaviors. However, studies have not examined whether and how perception measures that ask about likelihood of more general outcomes such as “harm” versus ask about specific risk or benefit outcomes compare or whether they differentially predict AYA willingness to use if one of your best friends were to offer it and intentions to use in the next year; and if these measures have differential ability to predict actual use of tobacco and marijuana. We used data from a prospective cohort of California AYAs to create and test new scales to measure perceptions of specific health and social outcomes related to risks (e.g., smell bad) and benefits (e.g., look cool) related to tobacco and marijuana, and then addressed three questions: (1) Whether and how measures of perceptions of specific social and health risks and benefits (for our purposes “specific measures”) and measures of perceived general harm are differentially associated with measures of willingness, social norms, and intentions to use? (2) Are specific versus general measures differentially associated with and predictive of tobacco and cannabis use behavior? (3) Are specific perceptions measures differentially predictive of behavior compared to measures of willingness, social norms, and behavioral intentions? Our results demonstrate that to better predict AYA tobacco and marijuana use, measures that address general outcomes, such as harmfulness, as well as willingness and behavioral intention should be used. We also found that measures of specific perceived risks (short-term, long-term, social) and benefits were unrelated and correlated differently with different products. For example, adolescents perceived both risks and benefits from using products like e-cigarettes, and perceived greater risk from smokeless tobacco compared to combustible cigarettes. These findings indicate that measures of specific perceived social and health outcomes can be useful to discern nuanced differences in motivation for using different substances. Study implications are important for survey dimension-reduction and assessing relationships among perceptions, motivations, and use of tobacco and marijuana products.
The integrated diagnostic suite of the C-2W experimental field-reversed configuration device and its applications
Authors: Roche T. , Romero J. , Zhai K. , Granstedt E. , Gota H. , Putvinski S. , Smirnov A. , Binderbauer M. W. ,   the TAE Team
Published: March 2021

In the current experimental device of TAE Technologies, C-2W (also called “Norman”), record breaking advanced beam-driven field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas are produced and sustained in steady state utilizing variable energy neutral beams (15–40 keV, total power up to 20 MW), advanced divertors, bias electrodes, and an active plasma control system. This fully operational experiment is coupled with a fully operational suite of advanced diagnostic systems. The suite consists of 60+ individual systems spanning 20 categories, including magnetic sensors, Thomson scattering, interferometry/polarimetry, spectroscopy, fast imaging, bolometry, reflectometry, charged and neutral particle analysis, fusion product detection, and electric probes. Recently, measurements of main ion temperatures via a diagnostic neutral beam, axial profiles of energy flux from an array of bolometers, and divertor and edge plasma parameters via an extensive set of electric probes, interferometers, and spectrometers have all been made available. All the diagnostics work together to provide a complete picture of the FRC, fast-ion inventory, and edge plasma details enabling tomographic reconstruction of plasma parameter profiles and real-time plasma control.
Band point algorithms for measuring diffraction pattern parameters in laser ektacytometry of red blood cells
Authors: Nikitin S.Yu. , Ustinov V.D. , Shishkin S.D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider the issues of measuring the deformability of red blood cells by the method of laser diffractometry in shear flow (ektacytometry). The measurement procedure is optimised taking into account the finite resolution of the video recording system of the laser ektacytometer. An algorithm is proposed that allows one to determine with high accuracy the diffraction pattern parameters necessary for measuring the characteristics of the erythrocyte deformability distribution.
Modulation and amplification of wave packets in amplifiers with a travelling refractive-index wave
Authors: Zolotovskii I.O. , Kadochkin A.S. , Lapin V.A. , Sannikov D.G. , Yavtushenko M.S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the conditions of frequency modulation, spectral broadening, and amplification of a Gaussian pulse – a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) wave packet (WP) – propagating along a spiral trajectory on the surface of an active cylindrical optical waveguide, in which a travelling refractive-index wave (TRIW) is generated. Analytical expressions are obtained for the dependences of the duration, chirp, and spectral width on the distance travelled by the pulse along the waveguide, as well as on the parameters of the waveguide and the radiation launched into it. It is shown that the interaction of a wave packet with the TRIW leads to a strong frequency modulation of the amplified pulse with the conserved linearity of the chirp. It is demonstrated that this circumstance can be used to generate pico- and subpicosecond pulses with peak powers above 100 kW.
Investigation on laser selective photoionisation of the 177mLu isomer
Authors: D’yachkov A.B. , Gorkunov A.A. , Labozin A.V. , Makoveeva K.A. , Mironov S.M. , Firsov V.A. , Tsvetkov G.O. , Panchenko V.Ya. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The selectivity of laser photoionisation of 177mLu nuclear isomer with respect to natural isotopes has been studied for the first time using a three-stage lutetium photoionisation scheme

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Tunable low-coherence light source with high spectral brightness
Authors: Shidlovskii V.R. , Shramenko M.V. , Yakubovich S.D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Operation of a tunable tandem-type low-coherence light source with high spectral brightness based on commercially available optical elements (superluminescent diode, semiconductor optical amplifier, and bulk dwiffraction grating) is studied experimentally. A unique combination of the output source characteristics, namely, a spectral power density of 36 mW nm−1, a wavelength tuning range of 35 nm (834 – 869 nm), and a more than 20-dB excess of the central peak intensity over the superluminescent pedestal, is experimentally obtained. It is shown that the output radiation spectrum with a width of 1.4 nm has a smooth bell-shaped profile with side lobes lying below the superluminescent pedestal. It is proved that such a light source is of practical interest for various applications.