Overview of the TJ-II stellarator research programme towards model validation in fusion plasmas
Authors: Hidalgo C. , Ascasíbar E. , Alegre D. , Alonso A. , Alonso J. , Antón R. , Baciero A. , Baldzuhn J. , Barcala J.M. , Barrera L. , Blanco E. , Botija J. , Bueno L. , Cabrera S. , de Castro A. , Cal E. de la , Calvo I. , Cappa A. , Carralero D. , Carrasco R. , Carreras B. , Castro R. , de Castro A. , Cebrián L. , Chmyga A.A. , Chamorro M. , Colino P. , de Aragón F. , Drabinskiy M. , Duque J. , Eliseev L. , Escoto F.J. , Estrada T. , Ezzat M. , Fraguas F. , Fernández-Ruiz D. , Fontdecaba J.M. , Gabriel A. , Gadariya D. , García L. , García-Cortés I. , García-Gómez R. , García-Regaña J.M. , González-Jerez A. , Grenfell G. , Guasp J. , Guisse V. , Hernández-Sánchez J. , Hernanz J. , Jiménez-Denche A. , Khabanov P. , Kharchev N. , Kleiber R. , Koechl F. , Kobayashi T. , Kocsis G. , Koepke M. , Kozachek A.S. , Krupnik L. , Lapayese F. , Liniers M. , Liu B. , López-Bruna D. , López-Miranda B. , Losada U. , Luna E. de la , Lysenko S.E. , Martín-Díaz F. , Martín-Gómez G. , Maragkoudakis E. , Martínez-Fernández J. , McCarthy K.J. , Medina F. , Medrano M. , Melnikov A.V. , Méndez P. , Miguel F.J. , van Milligen B. , Molinero A. , Motojima G. , Mulas S. , Narushima Y. , Navarro M. , Nedzelskiy I. , Nuñez R. , Ochando M. , Ohshima S. , Oyarzábal E. , de Pablos J.L. , Palomares F. , Panadero N. , Papoušek F. , Parra F. , Pastor C. , Pastor I. , Peña A. de la , Peralta R. , Pereira A. , Pons-Villalonga P. , Polaino H. , Portas A.B. , Poveda E. , Ramos F.J. , Rattá G.A. , Redondo M. , Reynoso C. , Rincón E. , Rodríguez-Fernández C. , Rodríguez-Rodrigo L. , Ros A. , Sánchez E. , Sánchez J. , Sánchez-Sarabia E. , Satake S. , Sebastián J.A. , Sharma R. , Smith N. , Silva C. , Solano E.R. , Soleto A. , Spolaore M. , Szepesi T. , Tabarés F.L. , Tafalla D. , Takahashi H. , Tamura N. , Thienpondt H. , Tolkachev A. , Unamuno R. , Varela J. , Vega J. , Velasco J.L. , Voldiner I. , Yamamoto S. , the TJ-II Team  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
TJ-II stellarator results on modelling and validation of plasma flow asymmetries due to on-surface potential variations, plasma fuelling physics, Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) control and stability, the interplay between turbulence and neoclassical (NC) mechanisms and liquid metals are reported. Regarding the validation of the neoclassically predicted potential asymmetries, its impact on the radial electric field along the flux surface has been successfully validated against Doppler reflectometry measurements. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellets and tracer encapsulated solid pellet injection has shown that, although post-injection particle radial redistributions can be understood qualitatively from NC mechanisms, turbulence and fluctuations are strongly affected during the ablation process. Advanced analysis tools based on transfer entropy have shown that radial electric fields do not only affect the radial turbulence correlation length but are also capable of reducing the propagation of turbulence from the edge into the scrape-off layer. Direct experimental observation of long range correlated structures show that zonal flow structures are ubiquitous in the whole plasma cross-section in the TJ-II stellarator. Alfvénic activity control strategies using ECRH and ECCD as well as the relation between zonal structures and AEs are reported. Finally, the behaviour of liquid metals exposed to hot and cold plasmas in a capillary porous system container was investigated.