bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Biomechanical Loading Magnitude During a Landing Task in Male Athletes With and Those Without Patellar Tendinopathy
Authors: Pietrosimone Laura S. , Blackburn J. Troy , Wikstrom Erik A. , Berkoff David J. , Docking Sean I. , Cook Jill , Padua Darin A. 
Published: April 2021

ContextResearchers have not established if overloading or underloading movement profiles are present in symptomatic and asymptomatic athletes with patellar tendon structural abnormality (PTA) compared with healthy athletes.ObjectiveTo compare involved-limb landing biomechanics between male athletes with and those without patellar tendinopathy.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingLaboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 43 male athletes were grouped based on patellar tendon pain and ultrasound imaging of the proximal patellar tendon: symptomatic with PTA (SYM; n = 13; age = 19.62 ± 1.61 years, height = 1.82 ± 0.05 m, mass = 83.46 ± 5.12 kg), asymptomatic with PTA (ASYM; n = 15; age = 21.13 ± 1.88 years, height = 1.84 ± 0.07 m, mass = 81.45 ± 13.26 kg), and healthy control (CON; n = 15; age = 19.60 ± 1.55 years, height = 1.84 ± 0.09 m, mass = 79.09 ± 12.37 kg).Main Outcome Measure(s)Three-dimensional biomechanics were collected during a double-limb jump-landing task. Kinematic (knee-flexion angle [KF]) and kinetic (vertical ground reaction force, internal knee-extension moment [KEM], patellar tendon force [FPT]) variables were analyzed as continuous waveforms during the stance phase for the involved limb. Mean values were calculated for each 1% of stance, normalized over 202 data points (0%–100%), and plotted with 95% CIs. Statistical significance was defined as a lack of 95% CI overlap for a minimum of a consecutive 3% of the stance phase.ResultsThe SYM group had less KF than the CON group throughout the stance phase (8%–76%: Cohen d = 1.14 ± 0.12, mean difference [MD] = 15.83° ± 2.71°). The ASYM group had less KF than the CON group in the early (8%–13%: Cohen d = 0.99 ± 0.04, MD = 7.99° ± 0.39°; 21%–24%: Cohen d = 1.01 ± 0.01, MD = 11.11° ± 0.32°) and late (74%–94%: Cohen d = 0.96 ± 0.07, MD = 9.55° ± 1.13°) stance phases. The SYM group had a smaller KEM (6.5%–9%: Cohen d = 1.21 ± 0.08, MD = 0.04 ± 0.004 N·m/[Nbw·mht]) and less FPT (6%–9%: Cohen d = 1.15 ± 0.15, MD = 0.85 ± 0.15 body weight) than the CON group in the early stance phase. The SYM group also displayed a smaller KEM (38%–56%: Cohen d = 1.17 ± 0.06, MD = 0.03 ± 0.001 N·m/[Nbw·mht]) and less FPT (36%–60%: Cohen d = 1.22 ± 0.08, MD = 0.66 ± 0.05 body weight) than the ASYM group in the midstance phase.ConclusionsThe SYM group demonstrated a patellar tendon load-avoidance profile compared with the ASYM and CON groups. The ASYM group showed no evidence of overloading compared with the CON group. Our findings support the need for individualized treatments for athletes with tendinopathy to maximize load capacity.
Examining the Relationship between the Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Myths among University Students in Turkey
Authors: Balkanoglu Cuneyt , Erensoy Habib , Donmezler Suleyman , Berkol Tonguc Demir 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of knowledge among university students on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to compare the level of knowledge of this sample on STDs and their sexual myths.

Methods:
The sociodemographic data of 200 university students studying at several universities in Turkey randomly selected between January and March 2019 were evaluated with the “Sociodemographic Questionnaire,” their knowledge of STDs with the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Knowledge Questionnaire (STDKQ), and their beliefs in sexual myths with the Sexual Myths Scale (SMS).

Results:
There was no difference between the STDKQ and the SMS in terms of demographic variables. However, differentiation was seen between the “sexual behavior,” which is one of the subscales of sexual myths, and STDs. The STDKQ scores revealed that individuals who were previously informed received higher scores than those who did not. The level of knowledge about STDs was higher in men than in women.

Conclusion:
The knowledge of STDs among university students and their beliefs in sexual myths were evaluated based on sociodemographic variables. According to the results, we obtained from our research to increase the level of knowledge about STDs, and for the healthy development of sexual behavior, formal education including sexual health issues should be provided, research should be done for each region in Turkey on this subject, and in line with the results, necessary information should be provided regarding sexual health.
COVID-19 in Africa: Survey Analysis of Impact on Health-Care Workers
Authors: Quadri Nasreen S. , Sultan Amir , Ali Sophia Ibrahim , Yousif Mirghani , Moussa Abdelmajeed , Fawzy Abdo Ehab , Hassany Sahar , Kayandabila Johnstone , Benjamin Allison , Jacobson Mark , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Ochola Lucy , Ijeoma Ifeorah , Debes Jose D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads across Africa, little is known about the impact of the pandemic on health-care workers (HCWs) in the region. We designed an anonymous survey distributed via e-mail and phone messaging to 13 countries through the African Hepatitis B Network. We obtained 489 analyzable responses. We used risk ratio analysis to quantify the relationship between binary variables and χ2 testing to quantify the statistical significance of these relationships. Median age of respondents was 30 years (interquartile range, 26–36 years) and 63% were physicians. The top three sources of information used by HCWs for COVID-19 management included the Ministry of Health of each country, the WHO, and social media. Forty-nine percent reported a decrease in income since the start of the pandemic, with the majority experiencing between a 1% and a 25% salary reduction. Sixty-six percent reported some access to personal protective equipment; only 14% reported appropriate access. Moreover, one third of respondents reported no availability of ventilators at their facility. Strikingly, the percentage of HCWs reporting never feeling depressed changed from 61% before the pandemic to 31% during the pandemic, with a corresponding increase in daily depressive symptoms from 2% to 20%. Most respondents (> 97%) correctly answered survey questions about COVID-19 symptoms, virus transmission, and prevention. Our survey revealed African HCWs face a variety of personal and professional context-dependent challenges. Ongoing support of HCWs through and after the COVID-19 pandemic is essential.
Assessing the Mental Impact and Burnout among Physicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Developing Country Single-Center Experience
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Sohaib , Yasmin Farah , Alvi Haris , Shah Syed Muhammad Ismail , Malhotra Kashish , Farhan Syed Ali , Ali Naqvi Syed Anosh , Yaseen Rabail , Anwar Saira , Rasheed Uzma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.Health-care workers are on the front line to combat the peculiar coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and are susceptible to acquiring this infection. This study is aimed at documenting the effect of “coronaphobia” on mental well-being and to report burnout among physicians. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey between November 17, 2020 and January 1, 2021 via a Google form distributed among the physicians of a tertiary care hospital, in Karachi, Pakistan. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) was used to assess the mental well-being of physicians. Burnout was documented by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel. Eighty-seven physicians participated in the survey (mean age, 30.9 ± 7.3 years). The mean WEMWBS score of the study participants was 51.6 ± 10.8. Regarding the WEMWBS, emotional exhaustion was observed in 54% (N = 47) of participants, depersonalization in 77% (N = 67), and low personal accomplishment was reported in 31% (N = 27) of participants. The results of the survey further highlight that depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and low personal accomplishment were associated significantly with a history of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 postings. Hence, immediate measures are required to reduce the burnout among physicians while battling the second wave of the pandemic.
Better Decision-Making: Shared Mental Models and the Clinical Competency Committee
Authors: Edgar Laura , Jones M. Douglas , Harsy Braden , Passiment Morgan , Hauer Karen E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Shared mental models (SMMs) help groups make better decisions. Clinical competency committees (CCCs) can benefit from the development and use of SMMs in their decision-making as a way to optimize the quality and consistency of their decisions.

Objective
We reviewed the use of SMMs for decision making in graduate medical education, particularly their use in CCCs.

Methods
In May 2020, the authors conducted a narrative review of the literature related to SMMs. This review included the SMM related to teams, team functioning, CCCs, and graduate medical education.

Results
The literature identified the general use of SMMs, SMMs in graduate medical education, and strategies for building SMMs into the work of the CCC. Through the use of clear communication and guidelines, and a shared understanding of goals and expectations, CCCs can make better decisions. SMMs can be applied to Milestones, resident performance, assessment, and feedback.

Conclusions
To ensure fair and robust decision-making, the CCC must develop and maintain SMMs through excellent communication and understanding of expectations among members.
PENERAPAN METODE DRAG AND DROP PADA GAME EDUKASI
Authors: Wijaya Rian Farta , Tasril Virdyra , Utomo Rahmad Budi 
Published: April 2021

Dalam melakukan pembelajaran seorang Pendidik harus mampu dalam menguasai materi dan kelas. Penggunaan media menjadi salah satu alat dalam pembelajaran. Sampai pada saat ini, media pembelajaran sudah menjadi bagian penting dalam menghasilkan pembelajaran yang efektif, efisien dan praktis. Didalam media pembelajaran yang baik, diharuskan terdapat learning, testing, dan evaluation. Game atau permainan, dapat diubah menjadi media pembelajaran, dan umumnya disebut dengan game edukasi. Penggunaan game edukasi akan digabungkan dengan metode drag and drop. Metode ini digunakan untuk menghasilkan interaksi antara pengguna dan media atau game. Sehingga dengan adanya penerapan metode drag and drop pada game edukasi, akan menghasilkan media yang baik untuk sebuah pembelajaran. Kata Kunci— Aplikasi, Drag and Drop, Edukasi, Game, Macromedia Flash.
Registros ocasionales de Alouatta seniculus (Primates: Atelidae) en sabanas de la Orinoquia colombiana, San Martín de los Llanos, Meta, Colombia
Authors: García-Restrepo Sebastián , Gómez-Sánchez Diego A. 
Published: April 2021

Se ha considerado que la matriz del paisaje actúa como una barrera que influye en la dispersión, diversidad y persistencia de algunas especies de fauna, pero su importancia no ha sido evaluada en detalle para primates arborícolas. Investigaciones del género Alouatta han reportado desplazamientos terrestres entre parches de bosque sugiriendo cierta plasticidad comportamental que ayuda al uso eficiente de recursos en fragmentos reducidos. Adicionalmente al uso de la matriz para desplazamiento, se ha estimado para Alouatta pigra, un alto porcentaje de tiempo destinado al descanso en este tipo de cobertura. Aquí reportamos dos registros ocasionales del uso de sabanas para el descanso y forrajeo por parte de individuos de Alouatta seniculus en una zona de transición entre el piedemonte y sabanas drenadas de la altillanura, en el departamento del Meta, Colombia.
EL DESARROLLO DE LAS COMPETENCIAS SOBRE POLÍTICA CIENTÍFICA EN ESTADOS EUROPEOS: EVALUACIÓN Y RETOS
Authors: CUETO PÉREZ MIRIAM , DÍEZ BUESO LAURA , FERNÁNDEZ ZUBIETA ANA 
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo un estudio comparado sobre la articulación de los sistemas de I+D+i en otros países de la Unión Europea como son Alemania, Austria y Reino Unido, situando el modelo español en este contexto. Par ello se atenderá a la distribución de competencias en esta materia entre el Estado y el resto entidades, a la gobernanza y a la planificación de las políticas públicas, así como a las fórmulas de colaboración público-privadas y a la transferencia de conocimiento como elementos fundamentales para alcanzar la eficiencia en este ámbito de actuación.
I i+G+b sistemak Europar Batasuneko beste herrialde batzuetan (Alemanian, Austrian eta Erresuma Batuan) zer-nola egituratzen diren konparatu eta aztertzea da lan honen helburua, Espainiako eredua testuinguru horretan kokatuz. Horretarako, honako hauek aztertuko dira, alor horretan eraginkorrak izateko oinarrizko elementu bezala: arlo horren inguruko eskumenen banaketa Estatuaren eta bestelako erakundeen artean, gobernamendua eta politika publikoen plangintza, lankidetza publiko-pribatuko formulak, eta ezagutza eskualdatzea.
this work seeks to carry out a comparative study on the organisation of R+D+i systems in other European Union countries such as Germany, Austria and United Kingdom, placing the Spanish model in that context. To do his, it will be taken into consideration the allocation of powers in this field among State and the rest of entities, the governance and the planning of public policies together with the public-private formulas of collaboration and the knowledge transfer as crucial elements for achieving efficiency within this policy field.
LAS CANTERAS SUBTERRÁNEAS Y EL URBANISMO (LA STSJPV DE 3 DE DICIEMBRE DE 2014)
Authors: MORENO GARCIA JOSE JAVIER 
Published: April 2021

Esta crónica da cuenta de una sentencia dictada por el TSJPV en la que se anula la licencia municipal que denegaba la autorización de una cantera subterránea. La sentencia es de gran interés en la ordenación territorial tridimensional del territorio en un doble sentido: por un lado, refrenda la correcta concepción de un territorio estratificado con distintos usos a diversas cotas; por el otro, sin embargo, supone un freno a la igualdad de trato jurídico entre los usos en la superficie y los del subsuelo, que entiendo no está refrendado por el ordenamiento jurídico y que es contrario a una correcta ordenación del territorio, concretamente cuando señala que las actividades extractivas subterráneas no están sujetas a la obligación de delimitarse en el planeamiento urbanístico, como sí ocurre para las de a cielo abierto, tal y como prescriben las determinaciones vinculantes directas de las DOT. Además, permite el uso extractivo subterráneo aunque el planeamiento no vincule ese espacio a dicha finalidad.
Kronika honetan EAEANek emandako sententzia baten berri ematen da. Horren bitartez lurpeko harrobi baterako baimena ez emateko udal- lizentzia bat ezesten da. Sententziak interes handia du hiru dimentsioko lurraldearen antolamenduaren ikuspegitik, bi arrazoirengatik: alde batetik, estratutan banatutako lurraldearen ikuspegi egokia berresten du, kota bakoitzean erabilera desberdinak daudelarik; bestetik, ordea, geldialdia dakar lurpeko eta lur gaineko jardueren berdintasun juridikoaren alorrean, lurpeko erauzketa-erabilerek hirigintza-planteamenduetan zehaztuta egoteko beharrik ez dutela esaten baita. Aire zabaleko erauzketa-erabilerek badute betebehar hori, LAGetik eratorritako xedapen lotesleek hala derrigortzen dutelako. Uste dut ordenamendu juridikoak ez duela hori babesten eta, gainera, lurraldearen antolamendu egokiaren aurkakoa dela uste dut. Gainera, lurpeko erauzketa-erabilera baimentzen du, planteamenduak espazio hori erabilera horrekin lotzen ez badu ere.
this chronicle gives account of the judgment delivered by the High Court of the Basque Country cancelling a municipal licence that denied the permit for an underground quarry.The judgment is of great interest for the three-dimensional spatial planning in a dual sense: on the one hand, it endorses the correct conception for stratified territory with diverse uses depending on the height; on the other hand, nevertheless, it puts a brake to the equal treatment in surface and subsurface uses which I consider not reflected by the legal order and that runs counter to a correct land use in particular when it points out that extractive underground activities are not subject to the duty of being demarcated by urban planning as it is the case of those opencast, just as it is prescribed by the binding determinations of the Regional planning guidelines. Besides, it allows the subsurface extractive underground use although the planning shall not affect that space for the aforementioned purpose.
Richard Murphy’s The God Who Eats Corn: A Colonizer’s Critique of British Imperialism in Ireland and Africa
Authors: Sackett J.R. 
Published: April 2021

With the passing of Richard Murphy in 2018, Ireland lost its last poet of the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy. Yet his poetry often displays the poet’s sense of unease with his background and features attempts to reconcile Ireland’s colonial history with feelings of guilt and self-consciousness as an inheritor to the gains of the British imperialist project. A dedicatory poem to his aging father who had retired to what was then known as Southern Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), ‘The God Who Eats Corn’ draws parallels between Irish and African colonial experiences. Yet far from celebrating the ‘civilizing’ mission of British imperialism, Murphy deftly challenges and questions the legitimacy of his family legacy. I argue that rather than reinforcing the poet’s image as representative of the Ascendancy class, ‘The God Who Eats Corn’ reveals sympathies with the subject peoples of British imperialism and aligns Murphy with a nationalist narrative of history and conception of ‘native’ identity. For this reason, the poem should be considered a landmark of modern Irish poetics in its articulation of trans-racial anti-colonial solidarity.
Code-Switching and Code Mixing in the Selected Tracks of the Hip Hop Music of Flavour and 9ice
Authors: Sarah Balogun , Oladayo Murana Muniru 
Published: April 2021

This article attempts a comparative analysis of code-switching and code-mixing in the Nigerian music industry, using the lyrics of Flavour and 9ice as a case study. Although the English language is the national language in Nigeria and the language used by most of the musicians for the composition of their songs, and due to the linguistic plurality of Nigeria, most of these musicians tend to lace their songs chunks of words and phrases from their mother tongue or at least one of the three major languages in Nigeria, which are Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. The Markedness Model by Myers-Scotton (1993) is used as the framework to interrogate the switching and mixing in the codes used by these selected musicians and we find that while most code-switching is done in three languages – English, Nigerian Pidgin and the artist’ first language (mother tongue) – their mother tongue plays the prominent role. Code-switching or code-mixing in these songs, therefore, becomes a depiction of the Nigerian state with its diverse languages and it provides the links between the literates and the illiterates thereby giving the artiste the popularity desired. The study concludes that the unique identity created by code-switching and code-mixing in the Nigerian music industry has a positive influence on music lovers, helping artists to achieve wide patronage and reflecting the ethnolinguistic diversity of the Nigerian nation.
Betwixt and Between: Academic Women in Transition
Authors: Bosetti Lynn , Kawalilak Colleen , Patterson Peggy 
Published: April 2021

University culture is increasingly being influenced by globalization, competition, the commercialization of research, and external demands for accountability. Corporate managerial practices that value individualism and productivity bump up against more democratic and collaborative practices inherent in the traditional academic culture and governance. Tensions result as faculty members are left on their own to make sense of the shifting political, economic and social landscape of higher education and to understand the implications for their professional identity within their Faculty. In an unstable institutional culture that lacks rules or mechanisms to shepherd faculty through this process, individuals can feel anxious, confused or incompetent as they negotiate the contradictions in their professional lives and deal with issues of power and resistance.
Grounded in their own experiences of liminality, this paper uses an autoethnographic approach to explore and describe the experiences of three academic women “betwixt and between” their senior management positions, taking up positions as academic members of a Faculty, and the strategies they used to support each other, to reconstruct their professional identities and to understand the norms of the Faculty culture. The paper speaks to the importance of post-heroic forms of leadership, dialogue and collaborative communities that contribute to the creation of a culture in which faculty members can flourish.
Exosome derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells pre-treated with curcumin alleviates osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation via regulating the METTL3/microRNA-320/RUNX2 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yunhui , Wang Naiguo , Zhang Chenglin 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionCurcumin (CUR) was reported to stimulate the expression of methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3), a potential new target for the replacement therapy of osteoporosis. Besides, marrow stem cells (MSC)-derived exosomes (EXO) were proven to improve osteoporosis by promoting the proliferation of osteoblasts. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of CUR and BMSC-derived exosomes in the treatment of osteoporosis.Material and methodsMicroscopy was used to characterize exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). MicroCT was carried out to analyze the parameters of bone formation. Western blot was carried out to analyze the expression of surface markers on BMSC-derived exosomes and METTL3/Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) proteins under different conditions. Real-time PCR was used to assess the gene expression under different circumstances.ResultsThe exosomes derived from CUR-treated BMSCs showed an enhanced therapeutic effect on osteoporosis mice compared with exosomes derived from untreated BMSCs. Mechanistically, the effect of BMSC-derived exosomes on restoring the de-regulated expression of METTL3, miR-320 and RUNX2 was significantly enhanced by CUR treatment upon BMSCs. Besides, CUR treatment upon BMSCs showed an obvious effect on enhancing the stimulatory role of BMSC-derived exosomes in the expression of METTL3, miR-320, RUNX2, BGLAP and LAP in BMSCs. Furthermore, luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-320 was capable of suppressing the expression of RUNX2 through binding to the 3’ UTR of RUNX2.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that BMSC-derived exosomes could modulate the METTL3/miRNA-320/RUNX2 axis to attenuate osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, the CUR treatment upon BMSCs promoted the therapeutic effect of BMSC-derived exosomes.