bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspective on the Potential Vertical Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 Through Breast Milk
Authors: Le Nam Phuong , Cravo Emma , Burke Tyler , Brooks Benjamin , Tucker Andrew 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimSARS‐CoV‐2 is highly transmissible, having infected ~16 million children in the United States. Symptom severity is higher in infants compared to older children, possibly due to their ineligibility for vaccination. Concerns persist that mothers transmit infectious viral loads of SARS‐CoV‐2 through breast milk. In this review, we discuss the mechanism by which viruses transmit through breast milk, weigh the specific virulence and infectivity of SARS‐COV‐2, and review current guidelines for minimizing transmission in neonates.MethodsThrough available literature, we propose a stepwise pathway for vertical transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. The level of risk and probability of infection is assessed based on established mechanisms, reported viral loads, and presence of transmembrane receptors.ResultsTo successfully transmit viruses through breast milk, the virus must infect the mother's breast cells, replicate in the mammary gland, be secreted into breast milk, survive contact with the infant's oral mucosa and digestive tract, infect enterocytes, replicate while evading the infant's immune system, exit the gastrointestinal tract, and enter the bloodstream for systemic infection.ConclusionsWe conclude that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through breast milk has limited transmission risk, and benefits for infants far outweigh the risks, aligning with current AAP/WHO/CDC guidelines. Though close contact during breastfeeding and exposure to respiratory droplets pose a higher transmission risk.
Inconsistent geographical patterns of phylogenetic relatedness among different plant growth forms: A case study in woody and herbaceous angiosperms of China
Authors: Liu Yang‐Yang , Qian Hong , Zhou Ya‐Dong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlants exhibiting different growth forms possess different capabilities in adapting to their respective environments, consequently displaying distinct geographical patterns of phylogenetic relatedness across a broad environmental gradient. Here, we compare the geographical patterns of phylogenetic relatedness between woody and herbaceous angiosperms in China, based on three phylogenetic relatedness metrics, namely, the standardized effect sizes of phylogenetic diversity (PDses), mean pairwise distance (MPDses), and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTDses). Additionally, we explore the effects of three categories of environmental variables (current climate, historical climate change, and environmental heterogeneity) on the geographical patterns of phylogenetic relatedness of both plant groups. Our results indicate that the geographical patterns of phylogenetic relatedness of herbaceous and woody plants are inconsistent, and the deviations of phylogenetic relatedness between woody and herbaceous angiosperms have geographical patterns and vary along environmental gradients. Our study found that environmental variables have a greater influence on the phylogenetic relatedness of herbaceous plants than on that of woody plants, emphasizing that environmental variables, especially current climatic variables, are the primary drivers of the deviations of phylogenetic relatedness between woody and herbaceous angiosperms. In summary, we illustrate the distinct differences in phylogenetic relatedness among plants of different growth forms, providing valuable insights into the driving factors of species coexistence at various spatial scales.
The Distributional Effects of Expansionary Monetary Policy
Authors: Gmeiner Robert 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMonetary expansion can lead to inflation. Using economy‐wide measures, such as the all item CPI or the GDP deflator, these effects can be quantified, but this leaves open the question of which prices are inflating more, and thus whether monetary expansion is more harmful to the rich or poor, depending on their respective consumption patterns. This paper constructs quarterly consumer price indices specific to each income quintile in the United States from 1990 to 2022. Using transfer function autoregressive moving average models with exogenous regressors (ARMAX), significant inflationary effects of monetary expansion CPIs for the lowest income quintile are observed that are independent of changes in the CPI for higher income quintiles. More generally, households that are likely to spend a higher proportion of income on goods with inelastic demand experience higher inflation rates. These effects, which are robust to specification, are caused by monetary expansion from Federal Reserve purchases of government debt, but not other assets.
Thrushes in Love: Extensive Gene Flow, With Differential Resistance and Selection, Obscures and Reveals the Evolutionary History of a Songbird Clade
Authors: Delmore Kira E. , DaCosta Jeffrey M. , Winker Kevin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe application of high‐throughput sequencing to phylogenetic analyses is allowing authors to reconstruct the true evolutionary history of species. This work can illuminate specific mechanisms underlying divergence when combined with analyses of gene flow, recombination and selection. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis of Catharus, a songbird genus with considerable potential for gene flow, variation in migratory behaviour and genomic resources. We documented discordance among trees constructed for mitochondrial, autosomal and sex (Z) chromosome partitions. Two trees were recovered on the Z. Both trees differed from the autosomes, one matched the mitochondria, and the other was unique to the Z. Gene flow with one species likely generated much of this discordance; substantial admixture between ustulatus and the remaining species was documented and linked to at least two historic events. The tree unique to the Z likely reflects the true history of Catharus; local genomic analyses recovered the same tree in autosomal regions with reduced admixture and recombination. Genes previously connected to migration were enriched in these regions suggesting transitions between migratory and non‐migratory states helped generate divergence. Migratory (vs. nonmigratory) Catharus formed a monophyletic clade in a subset of genomic regions. Gene flow was elevated in some of these regions suggesting adaptive introgression may have occurred, but the dominant pattern was of balancing selection maintaining ancestral polymorphisms important for olfaction and perhaps, by extension, adaptation to temperate climates. This work illuminates the evolutionary history of an important model in speciation and demonstrates how differential resistance to gene flow can affect local genomic patterns.
Microarchitecture and Crystalline Composition: A Comprehensive Exploration of Salivary Gland Stones
Authors: Qu Liu‐Yang , Zheng Dan‐Ni , Ling Xiao‐Tong , Liu Guan‐qi , Xu Xiao‐Yun , Liu Deng‐Gao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the microarchitecture and crystalline composition of sialoliths and to explore their formation mechanisms.MethodsSixty‐six sialolith samples (51 from the submandibular glands and 15 from the parotid glands) were retrospectively collected. Their diameter and quality were measured. Micro‐computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and polycrystalline X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) were utilized to determine their microstructure and crystalline composition.ResultsStone diameter and weight averaged at 9.6 mm and 0.31 g, respectively. Submandibular stones showed larger size and weight than parotid stones. Microstructurally, the main stones were concentric (n = 51) or mixed (n = 15). Most concentric stones occurred at submandibular glands, while 80% of the mixed stones were parotid stones. Stone surface exhibited three microscopic structures: lamellar, grape‐like, and porous, indicating their differences in mineralization process and composition. XRD revealed that all stones contained hydroxyapatite, with 57 containing whitlockite. Concentration of hydroxyapatite in concentric stones was significantly higher than that in mixed stones (p = 0.036) and correlated positively with stone diameter (p = 0.001). The microstructure and crystalline composition of multiple and recurrent stones were similar to that of single stones.ConclusionSialoliths display pronounced diversity in microarchitecture and crystalline composition, reflecting the differences in mineralization process and local microenvironments among stones.
The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974: Form Over Substance
Authors: Redburn Steve 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Budget Act created a congressional budget process in form but not in substance, ignoring the inherent analytical and political limitations of Congress as an institution. The 1974 Act fails to give Congress a budgetary role within its competence and is consistent with the role of a body whose members represent subnational geographic jurisdictions. The attempt to create a counterweight to Presidential power has ironically blurred accountability, making it harder for Congress and the voters to hold a President with a strong electoral mandate responsible for the results of his policies.
The origin of island dolostones: Novel insights from in situ Mg isotope, major and minor elements analyses of Miocene dolostones on Shidao, the Xisha Islands
Authors: Li Rong , Jones Brian , Chen Wei , Yao Zhuosen , Shao Lei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTZoned dolomite crystals, characterized by their dirty core and clear outer rim, are common in most island dolostones. The conditions under which these dolostones formed, however, remains controversial. To explain the origin of island dolostones, here, in situ determinations of Mg isotopic compositions, major (Ca, Mg) and trace (Fe, Mn, Sr, Na) elemental concentrations are carried out for the cores and rims of zoned dolomite crystals for dolostone samples from the Sanya Formation (Lower Miocene) and Meishan Formation (Middle Miocene) of well XK‐1 drilled on Shidao Island, the Xisha Islands. For all of the dolomite crystals, both cores and rims are formed of high‐Ca calcian dolomite, but the cores have higher %Ca, Sr and Na concentrations than the rims. Moreover, the cores (−3.85 to −2.95‰) have ca 0.2 to 0.5‰ lower δ26Mg values than the rims (−3.34 to −2.60‰). The difference in δ26Mg values between the dolomite crystal core and the rim cannot be explained by the presence of calcite inclusions or dolomite recrystallization, but rather reflect the nature of Mg isotopic fractionation due to the growth of the dolomite crystals during different stages of replacement. For zoned dolomite crystals, the progressive decrease in Ca and trace element concentrations but increase in δ26Mg values from dirty core to clear rim demonstrate that: (i) the dolomite crystal cores grow via a diffusion‐limited process; and (ii) the rims form through an incremental process (interface‐controlled) whereby the zone of dissolution/dolomite precipitation was very thin and simply repeated many times until it had fully developed. This growth model of zoned dolomite crystals may be applied to dolostones that share similar zoned patterns in petrography and geochemistry throughout the world.
HEUA‐SDI: Usability Assessment of Spatial Data Infrastructures
Authors: Silva Priscila de Lima e , Santos Afonso de Paula dos , Lisboa Filho Jugurta 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a systematic literature review and proposes a method, called HEUA‐SDI, to evaluate the usability of spatial data infrastructures (SDI). This new approach jointly considers the subjectivity of users' opinions, assessing satisfaction, and usability heuristics, and assessing effectiveness and efficiency. The analysis is performed remotely, where, through tasks, the users themselves analyze the adequacy of the infrastructure to the usability heuristics. This enables the calculation of quantitative metrics and the qualitative identification of problems and solutions. This differs from traditional methods, generally based only on users' opinions or quantitative metrics obtained by evaluations from the perspective of system developers. The application of pilot questionnaires in 16 Brazilian SDIs demonstrated the effectiveness of HEUA‐SDI, evidencing that the proposed method is comprehensive and can be applied to evaluate the usability of SDIs of various formats and purposes.
The Effect of Adherence to a Tai Chi Intervention on Quality of Life of Older People Living With Dementia
Authors: Bibi Iram , Polman Remco , Nyman Samuel R. 
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Adherence to exercise programs is required to reap their established benefits and to sustain Quality of Life (QoL). This study explored People Living with Dementia’s (PLWD) adherence to a Tai Chi exercise program and its effects on their QoL. The study included assessment of factors affecting adherence to a Tai Chi exercise intervention, causes of nonadherence, and effect of adherence on PLWD’s QoL. Methods: This study was part of a randomized controlled trial where 41 community-dwelling PLWD received a Tai Chi exercise intervention in addition to usual care for 20 weeks. The measures used in this study included PLWD’s QoL, global cognitive function, moderate physical activity, intention and confidence to attend classes, record of PLWD’s and their carers’ health conditions, and percentages of PLWD’s Tai Chi class attendance and home practice during the intervention phase. Multiple linear regression, bivariate correlation, and independent sample t-test analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between these variables. Results: PLWD’s overall percentage of class attendance, M (SD) = 69.19 (29.95), demonstrated high adherence. Moreover, QoL of highly adherent PLWD was significantly higher than low adherents. Among all variables, PLWD’s and carers’ health conditions (β = −0.64; p < .001, β = −0.38; p < .001, respectively) were the dominating factors that reduced PLWD’s Tai Chi adherence, while PLWD’s moderate physical activity at baseline (β = 0.27; p = .02) was significant positive predictor. Significance/Implications: PLWD’s and their carers’ health issues must be addressed to enhance PLWD’s exercise adherence and sustain good QoL.
Preretinal abnormal tissue before and after pars plana vitrectomy in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a multimodal imaging study
Authors: Quarta Alberto , Toto Lisa , Ruggeri Maria Ludovica , Porreca Annamaria , Aharrh-Gnama Agbeanda , Zeppa Lucio , Motta Lorenzo , Gironi Matteo , Di Nicola Marta , Mastropasqua Rodolfo 
Published: January 2025

PurposeTo quantitatively explore preretinal abnormal tissue (PAT) in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgery.MethodsIn this case-series study, PAT was detected by en-face optical coherence tomography images with custom slabs in eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SF6 for macula-on RRD.Main outcome measures were PAT area at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up, and its relative change. Associations between PAT and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) at superficial capillary plexus (SCP), RRD area, retinal tear (RT) area and endolaser area were investigated.Results36 macula-on eyes RRD were included in the analysis. Significant PAT growth was registered from baseline until 6 months (p<0.001). Baseline PAT area correlated with RT area (r=0.54, p=0.001). Significant correlation between relative change in PAT and relative change in FAZ SCP was found. The multivariable regression model showed a statistically significant association between Endolaser area (cm2) and relative changes in PAT (p=0.004).ConclusionsOur study found that despite good retinal reattachment, PAT proliferates over months with vascular changes. Endolaser area has a major influence on PAT growth, without impact on best-corrected visual acuity. Additional knowledge about pathophysiological mechanisms of growth could help understanding which surgical approach may limit PAT extension and future secondary epiretinal membrane.
Prehospital video triage of suspected stroke patients in Greater Manchester: pilot project report
Authors: Alghamdi Ibrahim , Brunton Lisa , Ashton Christopher , Jenkins David A , Parry-Jones Adrian R 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionStroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, demanding prompt and accurate identification. However, prehospital diagnosis is challenging, with up to 50% of suspected strokes having other diagnoses. A prehospital video triage (PHVT) system was piloted in Greater Manchester to improve prehospital diagnostic accuracy and appropriate conveyance decisions.MethodA service evaluation of a PHVT pilot was conducted to assess PHVT efficacy and identify facilitators and barriers. The pilot (October–December 2022) was a collaboration between the North West Ambulance Service, Greater Manchester Neurorehabilitation and Integrated Stroke Delivery Network and stroke clinicians at Salford Royal Hospital. The service evaluation was mixed methods, including qualitative semistructured interviews with stroke clinicians, paramedics and patients (and/or caregivers). Interviews were analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsOut of 46 PHVT calls during the pilot, eight (18%) were diverted to local emergency department, 1 (2%) was left at their usual residence and 37 (80%) were transported to Salford Royal Hospital. Final diagnosis for PHVT patients was stroke in 15 (33%) of cases, non-stroke in 20 (43%) and transient ischaemic attack in 11 (24%).Patients/caregivers found PHVT beneficial in directing them to appropriate hospitals and streamlining admission and treatment. However, some reported delays as a result. Clinicians expressed mixed opinions regarding PHVT’s utility. Paramedics found PHVT improved confidence in managing stroke patients. Hospital clinicians believed it provided valuable prearrival patient information, enhancing preparation. Others found PHVT less effective due to on-scene delays, challenges conducting comprehensive assessments over video and inability to identify all non-stroke cases.ConclusionPHVT was viewed favourably by most patients for enhancing the care quality. Paramedics and hospital clinicians acknowledge PHVT’s support in making appropriate conveyance decisions and improving the preparation process before the patient’s arrival. Participants, however, suggested prearrival registration, 24-hour availability and clinicians' buy-in for a more effective future rollout.
The Artisse intrasaccular device for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms: initial experience from three Austrian neurovascular centers
Authors: Hecker Constantin , Janu Andrea , Pfaff Johannes Alex Rolf , Pikija Slaven , Sonnberger Michael , Pangratz-Daller Cornelia , Kral Michael , Lunzer Manuel , Griessenauer Christoph J , Killer-Oberpfalzer Monika 
Published: January 2025

Background and purposeThis study evaluates the early clinical performance of the new Artisse Intrasaccular Device (Artisse ISD), a self-expandable intrasaccular flow diverter, for treating wide-necked aneurysms (WNAs). We report initial safety and efficacy outcomes in the first cohort of patients treated with this novel device.MethodsProspective clinical and radiological data were collected for all patients treated with the Artisse ISD at three Austrian neurovascular centers from July 2023 to August 2024. Aneurysm occlusion was assessed using the Raymond-Roy Classification (RR), the O-Kelly-Marotta (OKM) scale, and the Bicêtre Occlusion Scale Score (BOSS).ResultsIn our study 23 patients (60.9% female, median age 62 years) with 23 saccular aneurysms were treated with the Artisse ISD. Nineteen aneurysms (82.6%) were unruptured and located in the anterior circulation. Initial post-procedure angiography revealed incomplete occlusion in all aneurysms, with significant contrast stasis observed (OKM A2/A3). In 16 patients with a minimum of 3 month follow-up, 81.3% of aneurysms demonstrated complete occlusion (RR1), while 6.3% showed neck remnants (RR2), adding up to an adequate occlusion rate of 87.6%. Two asymptomatic thromboembolic events (8.7%) occurred (small diffusion-weighted restrictions on routine postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), with no hemorrhagic complications. No device migration or shape modification was observed during follow-up.ConclusionEarly clinical experience with the Artisse ISD demonstrates promising safety and efficacy in the treatment of WNAs, with high rates of complete occlusion at 3 month follow-up.
Buprenorphine versus full agonist opioids for acute postoperative pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hickey Thomas R , Costa Gabriel P A , Oliveira Debora , Podosek Alexandra , Abelleira Audrey , Avila-Quintero Victor Javier , De Aquino Joao P 
Published: January 2025

Background/ImportanceOpioids continue to play a key role in managing acute postoperative pain, but their use contributes to adverse outcomes. Buprenorphine may offer effective analgesia with a superior safety profile.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine with other opioids for acute postoperative pain management in adults.Evidence reviewMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched from inception to February 2024. Randomized controlled trials comparing buprenorphine with other opioids for acute postoperative pain management in adults were included. Of 2421 records identified, 58 studies met inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed using Stata/BE V.18. The primary outcome was pain intensity. Secondary outcomes included rescue analgesia use, duration of analgesia, and adverse effects.FindingsAnalysis of 41 comparisons (2587 participants) showed buprenorphine significantly reduced pain intensity compared with all other opioids (Hedges’s g=−0.36, 95% CI=−0.59 to −0.14, p<0.001, 95% prediction interval (PI)=−1.70 to 0.97). This effect persisted when compared with full agonist opioid (FAO) alone (standardized mean difference −0.34, 95% CI=−0.59 to −0.10, p<0.001, 95% PI=-1.76 to 1.07). Patients receiving buprenorphine were less likely to require rescue analgesia (OR=0.40, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.63, p<0.001, 95% PI=0.12 to 1.36). Mean duration of analgesia was 8.5 hours (SD 1.84). There were no significant differences in other adverse effects including nausea and respiratory depression. Inconsistency was significant for pain intensity (I2=86.28%, 95% CI=81.55% to 88.99%) and moderate for rescue analgesia (I2=38.93%, 95% CI=1.44% to 64.37%). Risk of bias was low in 19 studies, with some concerns in 37 studies, and high in two studies.ConclusionsBuprenorphine demonstrated superior efficacy in managing acute postoperative pain compared with FAOs, with a favorable safety profile and longer duration of action. These findings support the use of buprenorphine as a first-line opioid analgesic for acute postoperative pain management requiring opioid analgesia, potentially reducing opioid-related harm in the postoperative period.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023447715.