bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bekanntes und Neues zum Basalzellkarzinom
Authors: Seidl‐Philipp Magdalena , Frischhut Nina , Höllweger Nicole , Schmuth Matthias , Nguyen Van Anh 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Basalzellkarzinom (BZK) ist der häufigste maligne Tumor bei hellhäutigen Menschen und macht circa 75 % aller Hautkrebsfälle aus. Seit Jahrzehnten werden weltweit steigende Inzidenzraten berichtet. Hauptrisikofaktoren sind UV‐Strahlung, männliches Geschlecht, heller Hauttyp, fortgeschrittenes Alter, langandauernde Immunsuppression, eine positive Familien‐/Eigenanamnese sowie bestimmte Genodermatosen. Das BZK metastasiert selten und die Mortalität ist gering, allerdings kann es zu einer erheblichen Morbidität führen. In der Pathogenese sind genetische Mutationen, welche insbesondere den Hedgehog‐Signalweg betreffen, bedeutsam. In der Diagnostik werden neben der Inspektion mit dem freien Auge und der Dermatoskopie zunehmend auch nichtinvasive Verfahren (optische Kohärenztomographie, konfokale Laserscanmikroskopie) eingesetzt, wobei auf die histologische Diagnosesicherung nur in Ausnahmefällen verzichtet werden kann. Klinisch und histologisch werden zahlreiche Unterformen unterschieden. Die Unterscheidung zwischen BZK mit hohem und niedrigem Rezidivrisiko beeinflusst die Therapieplanung maßgeblich. Die allermeisten BZK können effektiv und sicher mit chirurgischen Standardverfahren beziehungsweise in ausgewählten Fällen mit topischen Therapien behandelt werden. Lokal fortgeschrittene und metastasierte BZK werden einer Radiatio oder Systemtherapie zugeführt. Die Strahlentherapie ist zudem eine Option für ältere Patienten, wenn Kontraindikationen gegen eine Operation bestehen. In der Systemtherapie sind in Europa aktuell die Hedgehog‐Inhibitoren Vismodegib und Sonidegib zugelassen. Eine Zulassung für den PD1‐Inhibitor Cemiplimab in der Zweitlinientherapie ist zu erwarten.
Spin infrequently occurs in abstracts of systematic reviews for the pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ottwell Ryan , Esmond Lindy , Rea William , Hartwell Micah , Som Mousumi , Harris Rachael , Miao Zhuqi , Zhu Lan , Arthur Wade , Brachtenbach Travis , Wright Drew N. , Vassar Matt 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsCurrently, there is a growing body of research demonstrating that spin—the misinterpretation and distortion of a study's findings—is common in different fields of medicine. To our knowledge, no study has investigated its presence in systematic reviews focused on diabetic therapies.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study by searching MEDLINE and Embase for systematic reviews focused on pharmacologic treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our search retrieved 26,490 records, from which 199 studies were extracted in a masked, duplicate fashion. Each study was evaluated for the nine most severe types of spin and other study design parameters. Spin was presented as frequencies and odds ratios to identify associations between study characteristics.ResultsSpin was identified in the abstracts of 15 systematic reviews (15/199, 7.5%). Spin type 5 was the most common type identified (7/199, 3.5%). Spin types 1, 2, 4 and 8 were not identified. In the last 5 years (2016–2021), seven systematic reviews contained spin within their abstract. There was no association between the presence of spins and any extracted study characteristic.ConclusionsOur findings show that spin infrequently occurs in the abstracts of systematic reviews focused on pharmacologic therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, any amount of spin can lead to the distortion of a reader's interpretation of the study's findings. Thus, we provide recommendations with rationale to prevent spin in future systematic reviews.
What Is Educational about Education? The Distinctiveness of Education
Authors: Norris Trevor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores two questions: (1) Is education a unique and distinct discipline? (2) Is education anything other than the achievement of noneducational aims or objectives? In it, Trevor Norris examines how these two questions are interconnected, specifically analyzing how what we think about education as a distinct field of study informs what we ask of it as a practice. When we study education, we should be educational about it, because if we render education as the object of study, it is never endowed with agency or distinctiveness. Norris inquires into the distinctiveness of education as a way of thinking and a way of impacting the world, asking what are the conditions that make it possible for us to identify something as “educational”? To investigate this question, Norris draws from Hannah Arendt's account of politics, and he concludes by describing a case study assignment that requires educational foundations students to draw from philosophy of education in order to show what exactly is educational about education by contrasting education with business and psychology.
Chronic limbic epilepsy models for therapy discovery: Protocols to improve efficiency
Authors: Bertram Edward H. , Edelbroek Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere have been recommendations to improve therapy discovery for epilepsy by incorporating chronic epilepsy models into the preclinical process, but unpredictable seizures and difficulties in maintaining drug levels over prolonged periods have been obstacles to using these animals. We report new protocols in which drugs are administered through a new chronic gastric tube to rats with higher seizure frequencies to minimize these obstacles.MethodsAdult rats with spontaneous limbic seizures following an episode of limbic status epilepticus induced by electrical hippocampal stimulation were monitored with long‐term video– electroencephalography (EEG). Animals with a predetermined baseline seizure frequency received an intragastric tube for drug administration. Carbamazepine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, and phenytoin were tested with either an acute protocol (an increasing single dose every other day for a maximum of three doses) or with a chronic protocol (multiple administrations of one dose for a week). Drug levels were obtained to correlate the effect with the level.ResultsWith the acute protocol, all four drugs induced a clear dose‐related response. Similar dose‐related responses were seen following the week‐long dosing protocol for carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin, and these responses were associated with drug levels that were in the human therapeutic range. The response to chronic levetiracetam was much less robust. The gastric tube route of administration was well tolerated over a number of months.SignificanceUsing rats with stable, higher seizure frequencies made it possible to identify the potential of a drug to suppress seizures in a realistic model of epilepsy with drug levels that are similar to those of human therapeutic levels. The acute protocol provided a full dose response in 1 week. The chronic administration protocol further differentiated drugs that may be effective long term. The gastric tube facilitates a less stressful, humane, and consistent administration of multiple doses.
The impact of genotype‐by‐environment interaction on the dry matter yield and chemical composition in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) examined by using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Radkowski Adam , Nowosad Kamila , Radkowska Iwona , Zieliński Andrzej 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTimothy‐grass (Phleum pratense L.) is one of the most valuable pasture grasses in Poland, and the productivity of its genotypes (in the case of outcrossing grass species, the term accession instead of genotype was used in this study) varies depending on environmental conditions. In this study, we aimed to examine the accession‐by‐environment interaction for seven traits in timothy accessions grown in Southern Poland using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The plant materials used in the study included a total of 11 timothy accessions—six Polish synthetic cultivars (Skald, Egida, Emma, Skala, Skaut and Karta) and five strains (POB‐TT1, POB‐TT2, POB‐TT3, POB‐T‐100 and POB‐T‐107). All these accessions were examined in field trials at three locations, Polanowice, Nieznanice and Palikije, in two growing seasons. The field trials were conducted according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The AMMI analyses revealed significant effects of accession and environment as well as the accession‐by‐environment interaction for all the seven analysed traits. The cultivar Skald and the strain POB‐TT3 are recommended for inclusion in future breeding programmes as they exhibit high stability and show good average values for the majority of the examined traits.
Novel insights into immunohistochemical analysis for diagnosing serous neoplasm of the pancreas: aquaporin 1, stereocilin, and transmembrane protein 255B
Authors: Watase Chikashi , Fuse Masanori , Ino Yoshinori , Naito Chie , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi 
Published: July 2021

AimsSerous (cystic) neoplasm (SCN) of the pancreas is generally benign, and surgical treatment is recommended in only a limited number of cases. To avoid unnecessary surgery, an accurate diagnosis of SCN is essential. In the present study, we aimed to identify new immunohistochemical markers with which to distinguish SCN from other tumours.Methods and resultsWe compared the comprehensive gene expression profiles of SCN with those of normal pancreas and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We selected the candidate molecules that were up‐regulated in SCN, were minimally expressed or unexpressed in PDAC, and had specific and available antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry, and then analysed their immunohistochemical expression in various tumours. We selected aquaporin 1 (AQP1), stereocilin (STRC), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and transmembrane protein 255B (TMEM255B), which were diffusely expressed in SCN cells in 79%, 100%, 100% and 100% of SCN cases. AQP1 was not expressed in other tumours, except in 20% of mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) and 19% of PDACs. STRC was rarely expressed in MCNs, neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), and PDACs. FGFR3 was expressed in 31% of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), 50% of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms, 40% of NENs, 30% of acinar cell carcinomas, 40% of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and 52% of PDACs. TMEM255B was not expressed in the other tumours, except in 50% of MCNs, 80% of gastric‐subtype IPMNs, and 29% of PDACs. All antigens were usually expressed in a small proportion of cells when they were positive in tumours other than SCN.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that AQP1 and STRC, and potentially TMEM255B, may act as SCN markers.
A case of a primary myelofibrosis with progression and related literature review of progression phase genetics
Authors: Chen Dong , Fuda Franklin , Weinberg Olga 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhiladelphia (BCR‐ABL)‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). MPN can transform into an accelerated or a blast phase, which is associated with poor response to standard therapy and low overall median survival. We present an interesting case of a patient with a history of PMF and progression and summarize the current studies on genetic features of myeloproliferative neoplasms in blast phase (MPN‐BP) with an emphasis on PMF. Although MPN‐BP show ≥20% blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow, it is not considered as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) according to the WHO classification. While MPNs‐BP typically lack genetic mutations seen in de novo AML, they commonly harbor IDH1/2, SRSF2, ASXL1, and TP53 mutations, similar to the genetic profiles of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia‐related changes (AML‐MRC).
Evaluation of pretreatment telomere length as a prognostic marker in intermediate‐risk acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gu Runxia , Cao Jingjing , Wei Shuning , Gong Xiaoyuan , Wang Ying , Mi Yingchang , Zhang Junping , Qiu Shaowei , Rao Qing , Wang Min , Wei Hui , Wang Jianxiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe current framework for risk stratification is still insufficient for highly heterogeneous intermediate‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (IRC‐AML), which lacks specific genomic abnormalities.MethodsIn order to incorporate novel biomarkers to refine current risk stratification strategies for patients with this subtype, we investigated pretreatment telomere length (TL), which is essential for maintaining genomic stability, in 204 adults with de novo AML (non‐acute promyelocytic leukemia).ResultsWe found that TL measured at diagnosis did not decrease with advancing age in 204 patients with AML (R2 = 0.001, P = .695). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that short TL was independently associated with an inferior relapse‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 3.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48‐6.41, P = .003); event‐free survival (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.12‐4.08, P = .021); and overall survival (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.09‐4.67, P = .028) in IRC‐AML patients. In addition, IRC‐AML patients with short TL also exhibited an increased cumulative incidence of hematologic relapse (HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.08‐5.26, P = .032).ConclusionShort TL is an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in patients with IRC‐AML and may represent a novel mechanism that links genomic stability and disease progression.
Prognostic signature and immune efficacy of m1A‐, m5C‐ and m6A‐related regulators in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Wu Xian rui , Chen Zheng , Liu Yang , Chen Zi zi , Tang Fengjie , Chen Zhi zhao , Li Jing jing , Liao Jun lin , Cao Ke , Chen Xiang , Zhou Jianda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCutaneous melanoma (CM) is an aggressive cancer; given that initial and specific signs are lacking, diagnosis is often late and the prognosis is poor. RNA modification has been widely studied in tumour progression. Nevertheless, little progress has been made in the signature of N1‐methyladenosine (m1A), 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐related regulators and the tumour microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration in CM. Our study identified the characteristics of m1A‐, m5C‐ and m6A‐related regulators based on 468 CM samples from the public database. Using univariate, multivariate and LASSO Cox regression analysis, a risk model of regulators was established and validated by a nomogram on independent prognostic factors. The gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) clarified the involved functional pathways. A combined single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT approach revealed TME of regulator‐related prognostic signature. The nine‐gene signature stratified the patients into distinct risk subgroups for personalized prognostic assessment. Additionally, functional enrichment, immune infiltration and immunotherapy response analysis indicated that the high‐risk group was correlated with T‐cell suppression, while the low‐risk group was more sensitive to immunotherapy. The findings presented here contribute to our understanding of the TME molecular heterogeneity in CM. Nine m1A‐, m5C‐ and m6A‐related regulators may also be promising biomarkers for future research.
Low bone mineral density is associated with severe periodontitis at the end of the second decade of life: A population‐based study
Authors: Costa Susilena Arouche , Ribeiro Cecilia Claudia Costa , de Oliveira Kheops Renoir , Alves Cláudia Maria Coelho , Thomaz Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca , Casarin Renato Corrêa Viana , Souza Soraia de Fátima Carvalho 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between low bone mineral density (BMD) and severe periodontitis at the end of the second decade of life.Materials and methodsThis population‐based study analysed 2032 youngers (18–19 years old) of the RPS cohort. BMD of lumbar spine (BMD‐LS) and of the whole body (BMD‐WB) were assessed by dual x‐ray emission densitometry. Low BMD‐LS (Z‐score ≤ −2) and low BMD‐WB (Z‐score ≤ −1.5) were correlated with severe periodontitis. The extent of periodontal disease was also evaluated as the following outcomes: proportions of teeth affected by clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm and probing depth ≥5 mm. Multivariate models by sex, education, family income, risk of alcohol dependence, smoking, plaque, bleeding index, and body mass index were estimated through logistic regression (binary outcomes) and Poisson regression (continuous outcomes).ResultsThe prevalence of severe periodontitis was 10.97%. Low BMD‐LS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–3.85, p = .01) and low BMD‐WB (OR = 1.34, CI = 1.001–1.81, p = .04) were associated with severe periodontitis in the final multivariate models. Low BMD‐LS and BMD‐WB were also associated with a greater extent of periodontitis (p < .05).ConclusionsLow BMD was found to be associated with the severity and extent of periodontitis in adolescents. Adolescents at peak bone mass age presenting low BMD are more likely to be affected by severe periodontitis.
Eye fluke effects on Danish freshwater fish: Field and experimental investigations
Authors: Duan Yajiao , von Gersdorff Jørgensen Louise , Kania Per Walter , Karami Asma M. , Al‐Jubury Azmi , Buchmann Kurt 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEye flukes in fish are common in freshwater lakes. Fish become infected by the penetration of cercariae released from freshwater snails, and high infection pressures may be associated with mortalities in a Danish lake. Examination of two other freshwater lakes, combined with laboratory study, supported the notion. We investigated 77 freshwater fish from two lakes and the infection level suggested the occurrence of a high cercarial infection pressure in the Danish lakes. Dominant genera were Tylodelphys and Diplostomum covering a range of species identified by PCR and sequencing of the 18S (partial)‐ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2‐28S (partial) of the rDNA. Cercariae of the prevalent species Diplostomum pseudospathaceum were used to infect zebrafish Danio rerio for the elucidation of short‐term effects on the fish host. Zebrafish did not display abnormal behaviour when exposed to 200–400 cercariae, but a dosage of 600 and 1,000 cercariae/fish proved lethal. When fish were exposed to sublethal dosages, 19 out of 27 immune genes were significantly regulated and three genes encoding cytokine (IL 4/13B, IL‐6 and IL‐8) were upregulated at 3 hr post‐infection (hpi), whereas others were downregulated especially at a later time point. We suggest that direct massive cercarial penetration of fish surfaces may be detrimental and may represent a threat to fish populations.
Critical flows in semi‐alluvial channels during extraordinarily high discharges: Implications for flood risk management
Authors: Hauer Christoph , Flödl Peter , Habersack Helmut , Pulg Ulrich 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor channelized, flood‐regulated rivers, morphological changes are avoided as much as possible. Extraordinarily high flows in the past, however, have demonstrated that channelized rivers may also become morphologically active, especially when a discharge exceeds the design discharge, such as in hundred‐year floods. However, the morphodynamic potentials and critical flows in such cases have hardly been investigated, and the flood risk to human settlements is therefore poorly understood. The present study aims to analyse the critical flow conditions in Flåmselva, western Norway and the consequences of morphological adjustment on the Froude number from an extraordinary flood event in 2014. Based on a step‐backwater modelling approach, three different high‐resolution river bathymetries of Flåmselva were investigated: (i) pre‐flood, (ii) post‐flood and (iii) re‐channelized morphology. The results showed that due to the 2014 flood, large parts that were in critical flow conditions in the pre‐flood stage (>1), exhibited significantly lower Froude numbers in the post‐flood stage. It turned out that the artificially created plane‐bed morphologies in flood‐regulated channelized rivers can act as drivers for critical flow conditions and that structural as well as non‐structural measures should consider non‐fluvial, semi‐fluvial and fluvial sediment deposits in rivers and floodplains in terms of flood risk management.
Genetic analysis implicates a molecular chaperone complex in regulating epigenetic silencing of methylated genomic regions
Authors: Feng Zhengyan , Zhan Xiangqiang , Pang Jia , Liu Xue , Zhang Huiming , Lang Zhaobo , Zhu Jian‐Kang 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTDNA cytosine methylation confers stable epigenetic silencing in plants and many animals. However, the mechanisms underlying DNA methylation‐mediated genomic silencing are not fully understood. We conducted a forward genetic screen for cellular factors required for the silencing of a heavily methylated p35S:NPTII transgene in the Arabidopsis thaliana rdm1‐1 mutant background, which led to the identification of a Hsp20 family protein, RDS1 (rdm1‐1
suppressor 1). Loss‐of‐function mutations in RDS1 released the silencing of the p35S::NPTII transgene in rdm1‐1 mutant plants, without changing the DNA methylation state of the transgene. Protein interaction analyses suggest that RDS1 exists in a protein complex consisting of the methyl‐DNA binding domain proteins MBD5 and MBD6, two other Hsp20 family proteins, RDS2 and IDM3, a Hsp40/DNAJ family protein, and a Hsp70 family protein. Like rds1 mutations, mutations in RDS2, MBD5, or MBD6 release the silencing of the transgene in the rdm1 mutant background. Our results suggest that Hsp20, Hsp40, and Hsp70 proteins may form a complex that is recruited to some genomic regions with DNA methylation by methyl‐DNA binding proteins to regulate the state of silencing of these regions.