bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitioning to a Circular Economy: Understanding the Circular Economy Ecosystem in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Iyer-Raniga Usha , Ho Oanh Thi-Kieu , Gajanayake Akvan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAustralia’s journey towards a circular economy is in its initial stage. Demand for resources is putting pressure on Australia’s urban environments, which house over 75% of the country’s population and account for over 80% of national GDP. Until 2018, recyclable waste was largely exported to other countries for processing. This has now changed and has led to national and state-based discussions on more effective reprocessing of waste resources.This chapter aims to present findings based on research conducted to understand the current circular economy ecosystem in the state of Victoria (Australia) to support its plans for waste reduction and transition to a circular economy. A mixed-methods approach was taken, comprising desktop research, interviews with key actors, and a survey targeting a wide range of businesses. It was found that there was no consistent or systemic understanding of the concept of the circular economy; rather, the narrative revolved around waste management and recycling. For transitioning to a circular economy, a systematic shift is needed, supported by a clear policy directive, financial outlay, technical know-how, education, awareness, engagement, and collaboration across traditional isolated sectors.
Remaking Cities: Applying New Urban-Transition Concepts and Processes to Regenerate Greyfield Suburbia
Authors: Newton Peter W. , Glackin Stephen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe mission of remaking cities to become more sustainable, productive, liveable, resilient, and inclusive is a twenty-first-century grand challenge. This chapter reports on the application of urban transition frameworks and processes in the development and implementation of a new planning model for regenerating and re-urbanising Australia’s low-density, car-dependent greyfield suburbs: the established, ageing, but well-located middle-ring suburbs built in the post-war era on larger lots. Most housing in these areas has now reached the end of its service life and is prime for redevelopment. Since greyfields comprise most residentially zoned land in cities, this positions them as the critical entry points for regenerative, medium-density, compact city redevelopment. But the wrong planning models are being used. Most infill redevelopment in greyfields is fragmented, piecemeal, small-lot subdivision, delivering a low yield of new housing, significant loss of greenspace, and no added services, infrastructure, or residential amenity.This chapter introduces greyfield precinct regeneration (GPR), the product of a set of innovative, transition-oriented planning concepts, models, tools, and processes capable of regenerating established, ageing precincts in occupied greyfields: a mission-scale challenge. It provides a blueprint for mainstreaming GPR, illustrated with a case study from a middle-suburban municipality in Melbourne that charts the urban transition from concept to implementation.
Regenerative Urban Development Paradigms in a Time of Climate Change and Ecological Crisis
Authors: Pineda Pinto Melissa , Steele Wendy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we draw attention to the need for, and yet radical nature of, embracing regenerative urban futures in the context of the climate and biodiversity crisis. This is a mission-oriented vision that recognises the need to fundamentally reconceptualise cities and urban regions as living entities that must be supported by more regenerative ways of imagining the role of urban nature cultures and multispecies justice. This is an emphasis on the “livingness” of cities and the urgent need to shift away from extraction, devaluation, and displacement practices that affect both humans and non-humans. Genuinely addressing a regenerative future vision demands that cities are co-designed with, and for, the flourishing of more-than-human communities. The chapter draws on the Three Horizons approach to put forward a paradigm shift to regenerative futures, which is framed as alternative ways of governing our cities, and illustrates this shift with examples of regenerative practices in Australia. The need for urban regeneration as a transformative mission within the Australian context is highlighted.
Cooperation by harvester ant queens brings direct energetic benefits during colony founding
Authors: Clark Rebecca M. , Fox Trevor P. , Fewell Jennifer H. , Harrison Jon F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cooperative behavior by nonrelatives is an evolutionary puzzle, because costs of cooperation are often strong while selective factors favoring cooperative groups remain unclear. In some populations of the seed harvester ant Pogonomyrmex californicus, unrelated queens form groups at colony founding (pleometrosis), whereas in other populations, colonies are initiated by single queens (haplometrosis). We tested the hypothesis that energetic savings of grouping contribute a benefit that may enhance queen success during colony founding and early growth for pleometrotic colonies. We measured metabolic rates and locomotor activity of individuals or pairs of freshly collected, newly mated P. californicus queens from pleometrotic and haplometrotic populations. Population source did not significantly affect metabolic rates, but paired queens from both populations had mass-specific metabolic rates only 86% of those of individual queens. The metabolic effect of grouping was not explained by differences in locomotion. To test whether this degree of energetic saving could be biologically significant, we assessed metabolic rate, body mass, and egg production for pleometrotic pairs at four time points of colony founding and compared the energetic content of stored lipid to energy use up to the point of worker emergence. Metabolic rates dropped over time for queens, as did body mass, and gas exchange switched from continuous to discontinuous, suggestive of metabolic suppression. Total joules required for queens to reach the worker emergence stage were 1.5 times the energy content of stored lipids, consistent with the need for foraging for these queens, and supporting the hypothesis that energetic savings of grouping can be beneficial by extending energetic stores and reducing the need for risky foraging.
Advancements of aquaporin 1 in ultrafiltration failure secondary to peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Jiang Tianxin , Liu Jiahan , Shi Yuanyuan , Zhang Lijie , Xu Xinxin , Xiao Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD), exposure to biologically incompatible PD solutions and the consequent peritoneal structure change can lead to progressive angiogenesis and fibrosis, and ultimately result in ultrafiltration failure (UFF). Peritoneal transport studies in aquaporin 1 (AQP1) knockout mice indicate that water transport across the peritoneum is mediated by AQP1, which accounts for up to 50% of ultrafiltration. Another recent study on a large cohort of PD patients with kidney failure further substantiated the impact of AQP1 genotype variation on water channel expression in the peritoneal membrane, influencing water transport, ultrafiltration, and patient prognosis. High-dose corticosteroid therapy in both patients and mice seems to be effective in regulating AQP1 to improve ultrafiltration. At present, increasing evidence suggests that AQP1 is relevant for the process of PD water osmotic transport and ultrafiltration. Despite a great deal of research having been done on the structure and function of aquaporin proteins, many fundamental issues remain unresolved.
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Neurodevelopmental disorders in children with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review
Authors: Cook Benjamin , Van Bockstaele Stef , Crow Samuel B. , Sainsbury David , Butterworth Sophie , Filson Simon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIndividuals with orofacial clefts (OFCs) may be at an increased risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review provides a summary of the most recent data regarding the prevalence of ASD and ADHD in the OFC population and compares this to the general paediatric population. Multiple databases were searched including PubMed/Medline and Embase in July 2024, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024565219). 1025 papers were identified for screening, of which nine were included in the report. Percentage prevalence was calculated and compared to global prevalence or control populations where available. Overall, ASD prevalence among children with a cleft ranged from 0 to 50% (Mean = 2.87%; SD = 5.40) compared to ~ 1% globally (WHO) and ADHD prevalence ranged from 2.34 to 31.71% (Mean = 3.63%; SD = 4.30) compared to ~ 5% globally (NICE). Matched control populations showed larger differences. Isolated cleft palate was associated with higher rates than isolated cleft lip or combined cleft lip and palate. Prevalence in individuals with syndromic clefts appeared greater still (Mean = 14.80%; SD = 16.58) although populations were small. Children with OFCs demonstrate increased prevalence of ASD compared to the average paediatric population. Evidence for increased prevalence of ADHD is less clear, with varying rates across studies. Children with isolated cleft palate or cleft associated with genetic syndromes appear most at risk, although further research is needed.
The Better Choice? The Status Quo versus Radical Human Enhancement
Authors: Hayenhjelm Madeleine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCan it be rational to favour the status quo when the alternatives to the status quo promise considerable increases in overall value? For instance, can it be rational to favour the status quo over radical human enhancement? A reasonable response to these questions would be to say that it can only be rational if the status quo is indeed the better choice on some measure. In this paper, I argue that it can be rational to favour the status quo over a radical improvement such as human germline genetic enhancement. First, I distinguish between three different meanings of the “status quo.” Then, I argue that the status quo enjoys modal and epistemic advantages that sometimes translate into other advantages. I propose eight parameters for comparison between the status quo and radical options. These parameters weigh in favour of the status quo but can be outweighed by the benefits of change. Each of these parameters needs to be assessed from case to case. I defend what I refer to as an Open Status Quo position over a Fixed Status Quo position. The former is decision-specific and does not entail a commitment to remaining with the status quo in later decisions. Lastly, I address the objection that an Open Status Quo position risk slipping into a Fixed Status Quo position that would, in turn, block radical progress, change, and discovery.
Recognizing sensory gestures in historical artworks
Authors: Zinnen Mathias , Hussian Azhar , Maier Andreas , Christlein Vincent 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe automatic recognition of sensory gestures in artworks provides the opportunity to open up methods of computational humanities to modern paradigms like sensory studies or everyday history. We introduce SensoryArt, a dataset of multisensory gestures in historical artworks, annotated with person boxes, pose estimation key points and gesture labels. We analyze algorithms for each label type and explore their combination for gesture recognition without intermediate supervision. These combined algorithms are evaluated for their ability to recognize and localize depicted persons performing sensory gestures. Our experiments show that direct detection of smell gestures is the most effective method for both detecting and localizing gestures. After applying post-processing, this method outperforms even image-level classification algorithms in image-level classification metrics, despite not being the primary training objective. This work aims to open up the field of sensory history to the computational humanities and provide humanities-based scholars with a solid foundation to complement their methodological toolbox with quantitative methods.
A multiscale study of a heavy rainfall event of April 2019 in Rio de Janeiro city
Authors: Unfer Gabriela Rosalino , França José Ricardo de Almeida , Menezes Wallace Figueiredo , Silva Fabricio Polifke da 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOn April 8th and 9th, 2019, the city of Rio de Janeiro experienced intense rainfall characterized by accumulations exceeding 300 mm/24 hours, reaching a maximum of 343.4 mm. Accumulations were higher in stations located south of the Tijuca Massif, while lower values were recorded in the Northern Zone (NZ) stations. The rainfall persisted for 28 h, and three distinct precipitation peaks denoted as P1, P2, and P3, were identified. The P1 stood out for its higher intensities and long-lived rainfall duration and was the only peak associated with electrical discharges. It exhibited clouds with the highest tops, lowest temperatures, and a prevalence of clouds with ice-phase tops. P1 was associated with the presence of Cumulonimbus clouds, hitting significantly all stations in the Southern Zone. P2 and P3 were similar in intensity and duration, although with distinct cloud characteristics. P3 was dominated by Nimbostratus clouds, having the lowest top heights and warmer temperatures, and a prevalence of supercooled water at the cloud tops, indicating a high liquid water content. P2 was intermediate, featuring cloud tops lower than P1 but higher than P3. However, during peak rainfall intensity, Nimbostratus clouds were present, which was more critical in NZ stations, when surface winds were predominantly from the North. The event was influenced by the transport of high moisture content from the Central-Western region of Brazil towards the Southeast, coupled with the formation of a cyclone near the coast of Rio de Janeiro, besides the presence of pronounced moisture convergence zones over the municipality.
Temporal holism
Authors: Pemberton John Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow can a persisting object change whilst remaining the same object? Lewis, who frames this as the problem of temporary intrinsics, presents us with the perdurance solution: objects persist by having temporal parts which may have differing properties. And in doing so he characterises the opposing view as persisting but not by having temporal parts – a view he calls endurance. But this dichotomous picture of Lewis, although now widely embraced, misses out the orthodox historic view – a view I call temporal holism: objects persist by having temporal parts to which they are ontologically prior. (In the perduring solution, by contrast, the temporal parts are ontologically prior.) This paper sets out this temporal holist solution and makes clear its differences from perdurantist and endurantist solutions. Although temporal holism has a long and illustrious history, this history has not been explicitly recognised. I begin the task of recognising this history in this paper, in order to make clear the nature of temporal holism, and to show that it is a long-established, well supported and distinctive position. The paper sets out, too, how temporal holism solves other ontological problems so that, despite its current neglect, temporary holism has the potential to greatly enrich contemporary philosophical debates.
Understanding and veritism
Authors: Pritchard Duncan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMy interest is in an apparent tension between two epistemological theses. The first is veritism, which is roughly the claim that truth is the fundamental epistemic good. The second is the idea that understanding is the proper goal of inquiry. The two theses seem to be in tension because the former seems to imply that the proper goal of inquiry should be truth rather than understanding. And yet there is a strong prima facie case to be made for thinking that properly conducted inquiry aims at an elevated epistemic standing like understanding rather than merely true belief. I suggest that this putative tension is one of the reasons why veritism is these days not widely endorsed. As I show, however, there is in fact no tension between these two claims, at least once they are each properly understood. Indeed, I will be suggesting that there is a plausible conception of veritism which would explain why intellectual exemplars seek out understanding in inquiry.
Considering Multiple Sources of Validity Evidence Can Help to Address Challenges in the Development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Multiple-Choice Items
Authors: Lieberei Tobias , Großmann Leroy , Welter Virginia Deborah Elaine , Krüger Dirk , Krell Moritz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe use of multiple-choice (MC) instruments to assess pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) has advantages in terms of test economy and objectivity, but it also poses challenges, for example, in terms of adequately capturing the intended construct. To help address these challenges, we developed and evaluated a new instrument to assess science teachers’ PCK of scientific reasoning in biology contexts (PCKSR-bio), considering multiple sources of validity evidence. First, 12 MC items were developed to assess crucial PCK components for three scientific reasoning skills. Subsequently, the correlation of corresponding content knowledge (CK) with the PCKSR-bio score was tested with 67 master’s students. In addition, the instrument was used in a cross-sectional study with 165 students (n = 29 bachelor, n = 115 master, n = 21 school-based preservice teachers), and the internal consistency as well as the correlation of the test score with the educational level was determined. An analysis of the response processes of 10 bachelor’s students showed that they more often referred to PCK when selecting an attractor and more often (rather intuitively) to other knowledge when selecting a distractor. In the cross-sectional study, the internal consistency was relatively low but increased with higher educational level. A correlation was found between the test score and CK but not between the test score and the educational level. Our results show that considering multiple sources of validity evidence can help to address common challenges in developing MC–PCK instruments. The results and limitations are discussed, and recommendations are made for the development of MC instruments to assess PCK in general.
A Bayesian framework for learning proactive robot behaviour in assistive tasks
Authors: Andriella Antonio , Cucciniello Ilenia , Origlia Antonio , Rossi Silvia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSocially assistive robots represent a promising tool in assistive contexts for improving people’s quality of life and well-being through social, emotional, cognitive, and physical support. However, the effectiveness of interactions heavily relies on the robots’ ability to adapt to the needs of the assisted individuals and to offer support proactively, before it is explicitly requested. Previous work has primarily focused on defining the actions the robot should perform, rather than considering when to act and how confident it should be in a given situation. To address this gap, this paper introduces a new data-driven framework that involves a learning pipeline, consisting of two phases, with the ultimate goal of training an algorithm based on Influence Diagrams. The proposed assistance scenario involves a sequential memory game, where the robot autonomously learns what assistance to provide when to intervene, and with what confidence to take control. The results from a user study showed that the proactive behaviour of the robot had a positive impact on the users’ game performance. Users obtained higher scores, made fewer mistakes, and requested less assistance from the robot. The study also highlighted the robot’s ability to provide assistance tailored to users’ specific needs and anticipate their requests.
Development of Water-Soluble Nanoformulations of Novel Pyrazolone Derivatives and the Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Igbokwe Nkeiruka N. , Ismail Eman A. , Obakachi Vincent A. , Ntsethe Aviwe , Gamede Mlindeli , Karpoormath Rajshekhar , Faya Mbuso A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility and stability hinder the clinical translation of pyrazolone-based derivatives despite their various biological activities. This study aimed to address these issues by developing water-soluble nanoformulations of two specific pyrazolone derivatives, Compounds I and II, selected based on their promising structural features and previous biological activity data. PLGA/poloxamer-based nanoformulations were prepared and optimized for size, PDI, zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency (EE). The optimized formulations demonstrated sizes of 166.6 ± 7.12 nm and 192.5 ± 1.08 nm, PDI of 0.129 ± 0.042 and 0.132 ± 0.025, ZP of − 14.14 ± 2.90 mV and − 10.77 ± 1.515 mV, and %EE of 84.20 ± 0.930 and 81.5 ± 2.051, respectively. A sustained drug release was observed over 48 h, with cumulative releases of approximately 37% and 53%, for both formulations, and characterized by a complex drug release behavior. The formulations exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus (SA), with greater than 90% cell death for SA and greater than 80% for MRSA, observed using the flow cytometer. Also, enhanced antioxidant activity was observed using DPPH, FRAP, and NO methods, showing better radical scavenging than standard gallic acid and bare compounds. The hemolysis assay confirmed the biocompatibility of the developed formulation, with a hemolysis percentage of less than 5%. This study highlights the successful development of water-soluble nanoformulations with significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities, emphasizing the impact of solubility enhancement on biological efficacy and suggesting potential pharmaceutical applications for these agents.

Graphical Abstract