bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan modified sodium ferric silicate and its adsorption properties
Authors: Chen Mingyan , Feng Xinkai , Liu Jie , Liu Yucheng , Bai Yihong , Wang Ziying 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe layered material of sodium ferric silicate (SFS) has good adsorption properties for cationic dyes, but its stacking properties limit its application. The organic–inorganic composite assembled by macromolecular polymer and inorganic material can improve this situation. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CC) was loaded onto SFS, and the compound was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), zero energy thermonuclear assembly (Zeta), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The results showed that CC was successfully supported in the layered structure of SFS, and the adsorption capacity of the composite for methylene blue (MB) was 729.67 mg g−1. The adsorption process was described by pseudo second‐order kinetics, Langmuir isothermal equation, and intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous, and the monomolecular adsorption was dominant.
Patienteneinwilligungen für das TraumaRegister DGU® aufgrund der EU-Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (EU-DSGVO) – Eine Herausforderung für die Kliniken: Status quo und Lösungsstrategien
Authors: Herbst T. , Popp D. , Thiedemann C. , Alt V. , Ernstberger A. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungGemäß der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (EU-DSGVO, Mai 2018) werden anonymisierte Datensätze mit ausreichend hoher Datendichte als nachverfolgbar eingestuft und benötigen eine Einwilligungserklärung, wenn diese zu Forschungs- oder Qualitätskontrollzwecken zentral ausgewertet werden. Qualitätssicherung und weitere Steigerung der Versorgungsqualität sind im Rahmen der flächendeckenden Schwerstverletztenerhebung im Sinne der Versorgungsforschung allerdings nur mit einer annähernden Vollerhebung möglich. Die über 600 deutschen Kliniken, die am TraumaRegister DGU® teilnehmen, versuchen, von diesem speziellen Patientengut die Einverständniserklärungen zu erhalten. In der Studienklinik wurden über einen 12-Monats-Zeitraum hinweg die Rate an Einwilligungen und die Gründe für eine Ablehnung bzw. Nichteinholung evaluiert.Bei Anwendung eines ressourcenintensiven Workflows speziell für die Patientenaufklärung und Einholung der TR-Einwilligungen wurden eine Zustimmungsquote der Patienten von 64,5 % und damit gleichzeitig eine Fehlquote von 35,5 % erfasst. Es konnten 98 von 276 potenziellen TraumaRegister-DGU®-Datensätzen nicht eingegeben werden und standen dementsprechend weder für die Qualitätskontrolle noch für die Polytraumaforschung zur Verfügung.Um die Qualitätskontrolle und die weitere Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität zu gewährleisten, ist eine annähernde Gesamterfassung des Patientenguts notwendig. Diese lässt sich durch die Notwendigkeit der Einwilligungserklärung jedoch nicht erreichen, wie unsere Studie zeigt. Somit plädieren wir dafür, dass die Möglichkeit geschaffen wird, den TraumaRegister-Datensatz ohne Einwilligung zu erheben, da dieser letztlich einen Regeldatensatz darstellt, vergleichbar mit dem §21-KHEntgG-Datensatz, jedoch im Gegensatz zu diesem pseudonymisiert.
Plant–plant interactions and local patterns of diversity from semi-arid to subalpine Mediterranean plant communities
Authors: Arroyo Antonio I. , Pueyo Yolanda , Saiz Hugo , Alados Concepción L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn understanding of the diversity spatial organization in plant communities provides essential information for management and conservation planning. In this study we investigated, using a multi-species approach, how plant–plant interactions determine the local structure and composition of diversity in a set of Mediterranean plant communities, ranging from semi-arid to subalpine habitats. Specifically, we evaluated the spatial pattern of diversity (i.e., diversity aggregation or segregation) in the local neighborhood of perennial plant species using the ISAR (individual species–area relationship) method. We also assessed the local pattern of beta-diversity (i.e., the spatial heterogeneity in species composition among local assemblages), including the contribution of species turnover (i.e., species replacement) and nestedness (i.e., differences in species richness) to the overall local beta-diversity. Our results showed that local diversity segregation decreased in the less productive plant communities. Also, we found that graminoids largely acted as diversity segregators, while forbs showed more diverse neighborhoods than expected in less productive study sites. Interestingly, not all shrub and dwarf shrub species aggregated diversity in their surroundings. Finally, an increase in nestedness was associated with less segregated diversity patterns in the local neighborhood of shrub species, underlining their role in creating diversity islands in less productive environmental conditions. Our results provide further insights into the effect of plant–plant interactions in shaping the structure and composition of diversity in Mediterranean plant communities, and highlight the species and groups of species that management and conservation strategies should focus on in order to prevent a loss of biodiversity.
Actual and virtual dimension of codimension 2 general linear subspaces in $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$
Authors: Chmiel Natalia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the paper we compute the virtual dimension (defined by the Hilbert polynomial) of a space of hypersurfaces of given degree containing s codimension 2 general linear subspaces in $${\mathbb {P}}^n$$

P

n

. We use Veneroni maps to find a family of unexpected hypersurfaces (in the style of B. Harbourne, J. Migliore, U. Nagel, Z. Teitler) and rigorously prove and extend examples presented in the paper by B. Harbourne, J. Migliore and H. Tutaj-Gasińska.
Technical and procedural comparison of two different cryoballoon ablation systems in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Knecht Sven , Sticherling Christian , Roten Laurent , Badertscher Patrick , Chollet Laurève , Küffer Thomas , Spies Florian , Madaffari Antonio , Mühl Aline , Baldinger Samuel H. , Servatius Helge , Osswald Stefan , Reichlin Tobias , Kühne Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to report procedural and technical differences of a novel cryoballoon (NCB) ablation catheter for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) compared to the standard cryoballoon (SCB) catheter.

Methods
Consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing PVI using the NCB and the SCB were included. Procedural parameters, technical differences, acute efficacy, and safety are reported.

Results
Eighty patients (age 66 ± 10 years, ejection fraction 57 ± 10%, left atrial volume index 40 ± 6 ml/m2) were studied. With the NCB, 156 of 158 PVs (99%) were isolated compared to isolation of 159 of 159 PVs (100%) with the SCB. The median number of freezes in the NCB and the SCB group was 6 (IQR 5–8) and 5 (IQR 4–7), respectively (p = 0.051), with 73% and 71% of the PVs isolated with a single freeze, respectively. Nadir temperature and temperature at isolation were − 59 ± 6 °C and − 45 ± 17 °C in the NCB group and − 46 ± 7 °C and − 32 ± 23 °C in the SCB group, respectively (both p < 0.001) with no difference in time to isolation (TTI). Procedural differences were observed for the total procedure time (84 ± 29 min in the NCB group and 65 ± 17 min in the SCB group, p = 0.003). There was a peri-procedural stroke in one patient in the NCB group. Differences in catheter design were observed that may account for the differences in temperature recordings and ice cap formation.

Conclusions
Acute efficacy and TTI were similar with the NCB compared to the SCB. Measured temperatures were lower with the NCB, most likely due to differences in catheter design.
Developing a smart multifunctional outdoor jacket with wearable sensing technology for user health and safety
Authors: Lee Hyunseung , Baek Kyungsoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the decades, there has been a sustained effort to use fashion as a medium for delivering digital functionality. The goal is to integrate information technology (IT) into clothing to provide users with functions to assist them in their tasks. Regarding the direction of previous efforts, this study developed a multifunctional smart outdoor jacket prototype that senses, recognizes, responds, and manages various safety risks and potentially hazardous situations and identifies environmental factors that are difficult to predict. The prototype’s research and development (R & D) was carried out through the following steps. First, to determine functions that can practically assist users in outdoor environments and help ensure their health and safety, a user requirement survey subject to expert evaluation was conducted. Six functions were selected: (1) Bluetooth hands-free calling and audio streaming, (2) heart rate monitoring for self-health care, (3) emergency calls to request assistance, (4) temperature-reactive heating to retain body heat for survival, (5) fall detection and automatic emergency calls, and (6) ultraviolet monitoring for self-health care. Next, a wearable system and its garment platform were developed, containing detachable device modules for washability and ease of maintenance. Lastly, a dedicated smartphone application was developed for extended functionality. By exploring the use of clothing in diversifying wearable health care and HAR systems, the study could be used to diversify wearable healthcare and safety platforms.
HPV-Impfstoffe – zugelassene Vakzinen und experimenteller RG1-VLP-Impfstoff der nächsten Generation
Authors: Schellenbacher Christina , Huber Bettina , Shafti-Keramat Saeed , Kirnbauer Reinhard 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungInfektionen mit >12 sexuell übertragbaren genitalen „high-risk“ (hr) humanen Papillomviren (HPV) sind hauptverantwortlich für anogenitale Karzinome, insbesondere Zervix- und Analkarzinome sowie oropharyngeale Karzinome, insgesamt für 5 % der Karzinome weltweit. Genitale „low-risk“ (lr) HPV und kutane HPV verursachen Anogenitalwarzen (Kondylome) bzw. Hautwarzen, kutane Genus β‑HPV sind ein potenzieller Kofaktor für die Entwicklung nichtmelanozytärer Hautkarzinome in Immunsupprimierten. Die zugelassenen HPV-Vakzinen sind Spaltimpfstoffe bestehend aus leeren Hauptkapsidproteinhüllen (L1-virus-like particles, VLP). Die prophylaktische Impfung mit dem modernen nonavalenten Impfstoff Gardasil‑9 (HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) verhindert persistierende Infektionen mit Typen, die bis zu 90 % der Zervixkarzinome und Kondylome verursachen. Der Impfschutz ist vorwiegend typenspezifisch, daher besteht kein Schutz gegen Infektionen mit den übrigen genitalen hrHPV oder Hauttypen. RG1-VLP ist ein experimenteller „next generation“-Impfstoff, bestehend aus HPV16L1-VLP, welche ein Kreuzneutralisierungs-Epitop des HPV16 Nebenkapsidproteins L2 („RG1“; Aminosäuren 17–36) repetitiv (360×) an der Oberfläche tragen. Eine Vakzinierung mit RG1-VLP schützt im Tierversuch gegen experimentelle Infektionen mit allen relevanten genitalen hrHPV (~96 % aller Zervixkarzinome), lrHPV (~90 % der Kondylome) sowie gegen einige kutane und β‑HPV. Präklinische Daten zeigen langanhaltende Protektion ohne Boosterimmunisierung ein Jahr nach der Impfung sowie Wirksamkeit nach nur 2 Dosen. Auch in lyophilisierter, thermostabiler Form bleibt die Immunogenität der RG1-VLP erhalten. Eine Phase-I-Studie ist mit Unterstützung des US NCI/NIH in Vorbereitung. Der vorliegende Artikel diskutiert Fragestellungen zur HPV-Impfstoffoptimierung und präsentiert den pan-HPV-Impfstoffkandidat RG1-VLP.
Thief zone identification and classification in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs: A field case study
Authors: Xu Anzhu , Shan Fachao , Yang Xiao , Li Jiaqi , Wang Chenggang , Li Junjian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChanneling between injectors and producers leads to bypassed oil left in the reservoir, which is one of most common reasons that wells in mature oil fields experience high water cut after long-term waterflooding. Identification and evaluation of the higher permeable channels (thief zones) are the key to effectively plug these thief zones and improve the conformance of water flood. This study applies three different methods to identify and evaluate the thief zones of a water injection project in North Buzazi Oilfield, a thick-bedded unconsolidated sandstone heavy oil reservoir in Manghestau, Kazakhstan. The thief zones, which evolve as a result of formation erosion and sand production, are identified and classified with respect to four different levels of significance using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, production/injection profile method and pressure index (PI) methods. Good consistency is observed among the identification results using these methods. Finally, we present two ways to quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of the thief zones using water–oil-ratio as the input, which can be readily applied for future field development design.
Agents in the sporting field: a law and economics perspective
Authors: Bull William , Faure Michael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile agents have been active in the sporting field since the late 1800s, sports agents and their activities have grown in prominence only in more recent times, particularly as a result of typically adverse headlines. Agents are generally considered to be necessary (or some might say a necessary evil) for the sporting industry, in the representation of sportsmen and women, the consultation of sports clubs and franchises, or the facilitation of employment contracts and transfer deals. In contrast to players and clubs (not to mention sports federations and governing bodies), however, sports agents are not engaged in sporting endeavour. Rather, the essence of their role is an economic one for the provision of services. This peripheral position of sports agents implies that their interests are likely to be quite different from those of other stakeholders in the sports industry – but it also gives rise to a significant regulatory conundrum. This conundrum has become especially apparent in the sport of football in recent years, where various attempts at regulation of access to and the performance of the profession of football agent have been made at national and international level. The field of sports and football in particular clearly has a great societal impact and a large economic value. Yet, sports law is remarkably absent so far from the economic approach to law. From a law and economics perspective and in the light of regulation theory, therefore, our main research questions are whether there is a need to regulate the profession of sports agent and, if so, what type of regulation is needed.
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for primary lymph node staging of intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Yip Ka Chun Jonathan , Li Yan-Lin , Chen Sirong , Ho Chi Lai , Wartolowska Karolina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) compared with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods
PRISMA-compliant systematic review updated to September 2020 was performed to identify studies that evaluated the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in the same cohort of PCa patients using histopathologic examination as a reference standard. The quality of each study was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) instrument. STATA version 16.0 was used to obtain the pooled estimates of diagnostic accuracy for per-patient and per-lesion analyses. Heterogeneity in the accuracy estimates was explored by reviewing the generated forest plots, summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curves, hierarchical SROC plots, chi-squared test, heterogeneity index, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients.

Results
Six studies, which included 476 patients, met the eligibility criteria for per-patient analysis and four of these studies, reporting data from 4859 dissected lymph nodes, were included in the per-lesion analysis. In the per-patient analysis (N = 6), the pooled sensitivity and specificity for 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 0.69 and 0.93, and for mpMRI the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.37 and 0.95. In the per-lesion analysis (N = 4), the pooled sensitivity and specificity for 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 0.58 and 0.99, and for mpMRI the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.44 and 0.99. There was high heterogeneity and a threshold effect in outcomes. A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the pooled estimates were stable when excluding studies with patient selection concerns, whereas the variances of the pooled estimates became significant, and the characteristics of heterogeneity changed when excluding studies with concerns about index imaging tests.

Conclusion
Both imaging techniques have high specificity for the detection of nodal metastases of PCa. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT has the advantage of being more sensitive and making it possible to detect distant metastases during the same examination. These modalities may play a complementary role in the diagnosis of PCa. Given the paucity of data and methodological limitations of the included studies, large scale trials are necessary to confirm their clinical values.
Hope levels across adolescence and the transition to high school: Associations with school stress and achievement
Authors: Fraser Ashley M. , Bryce Crystal I. , Alexander Brittany L. , Fabes Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionFeeling hopeful is an important condition for adolescents’ health, well‐being, and educational success and attainment, yet limited research has examined hope at different ages throughout adolescence. Information regarding hope levels across grade could help educators know when to capitalize on goal‐setting behaviors, and when to intervene should hope levels be low. Additionally, hope could help with the middle to high school transition because it presents opportunities and challenges, including school‐related stress, as students adjust to new environments and expectations.MethodsTo investigate hope levels across adolescence, inter‐ and intra‐personal analyses examined hope levels across grade‐level in two cohorts of southwestern U.S. students (n = 1,018, 6th‐10th grade students, 47% female, 55% White/45% non‐White, (predominately Latinx)). The study used online self‐report surveys to collect data. Next, longitudinal regression analyses across one year investigated relations of school stress and hope, and hope and achievement across the transition to high school.ResultsStudents in both cohorts reported relatively stable hope levels from 6th to 10th grade, except for large decreases in hope during 8th grade, which recovered during 9th grade. For longitudinal analyses across the high school transition, student stress about school performance primarily influenced 8th graders who had relatively low hope. Eighth grade hope predicted 9th grade academic achievement.ConclusionFindings regarding hope across adolescence show that hope is similar across grade, except for a large decrease in hope that may occur before the transition to high school. Longitudinal analyses showed that school performance stress may contribute to this decrease but may also assist in hope recovery after the transition. Findings support educational practices and policies that target student hope before the high school transition to potentially buffer student stress and promote high school achievement.
Impact of mandatory online learning module for healthcare workers intending to decline influenza immunization: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Delaney Leanne M. , Williams Victoria R. , Tomiczek Nick , Robinson Lawrence , Kiss Alex , Leis Jerome A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A policy mandating the completion of an online learning module for healthcare workers intending to decline influenza immunization was associated with a nearly 25% relative increase in immunization and significant reduction in healthcare-associated influenza. In the absence of mandatory vaccination, this model may help to augment severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine efforts.
The first Cretaceous ophiopluteus skeleton (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
Authors: Reich Mike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLarvae of sea urchins, brittle stars, and allies are common, ecologically important, and diverse members of marine ecosystems in all of the world's oceans today. In contrast to modern representatives, the fossil record of echinoderm larvae is poorly known. This study reports the first ophiopluteus skeleton from Cretaceous sediments worldwide, obtained from chalky sediment of the Isle of Wolin, NW Poland. The evidence presented here, that it is possible to isolate fossil echinoderm larval skeletons from rocks, indicates a hidden diversity of such fragile fossils and thus the possibility of direct geological recording.
How many major US laws delegate to federal agencies? (almost) all of them
Authors: Clouser McCann Pamela J. , Shipan Charles R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDelegation is a well-known feature of policymaking in separation of powers systems. Yet despite the importance of this activity, there is little systematic evidence about how many major laws in the United States actually delegate policymaking authority to administrators in federal agencies. Using a database of agency regulatory activity along with text searches, we examine significant US federal enactments from 1947 to 2016 to see which of these laws delegate to agencies. We find that nearly all major laws—more than 99 percent—contain delegation. We also find that the number of agencies receiving delegation in each law has increased over time.
CLAH Lecture: Learning and Teaching
Authors: Holloway Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe following speech was written in acceptance of the Distinguished Service Award of the Conference on Latin American History (CLAH) for 2020, would have been delivered at the January 2021 meeting of the American Historical Association/CLAH, were it not for the coronavirus pandemic. I share this award with the majority of the members of CLAH: the scholar-teachers of Latin American history who dedicate most of their professional time and energy to teaching undergraduates across North America. Harking back to Herbert Bolton's project for a hemispheric history, incidents and anecdotes from my own experience learning and teaching about Latin America serve to illustrate that reducing provincialism, chauvinism, and ethnocentrism among North American undergraduates are still valid objectives.