bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epicoccum purpurascens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Epicoccum purpurascens
[Epicoccum nigrum]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: plurivorous. DISEASE: The species usually occurs as a saprophyte or weak parasite although there are a number of reference to its occurance as a specific parasite. It occurs on a wide range of plants and plant material, human and animal tissue and processed foodstuffs. Generally regarded as a saprophyte or weak parasite but it has been listed as causing leaf spot of cassava (48, 2104), twig blight of Asiatic chestnuts (51, 1193) and because of its reddish-brown pigments (Β-carotene, torularhodin and rhodo-xanthin) it has been referred to as causing 'Red Kernel' disease of sweet corn (54, 2217), Red Blotch of rice (13, 538) and Brown Rot of apple. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Although new records of its distribution are constantly being published its range is probably world-wide wherever vegetation occurs. The CMI has material from all the major regions of the world and collections too numerous to list here. TRANSMISSION: Spores of the species are amongst the commonest components of the air spore (51, 1193) and have been frequently isolated from seeds of rice (53, 135), millet (53, 3004) and cereals in general.
Bremia lactucae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Morgan W. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Bremia lactucae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: At least 230 species in the following genera of
Compositae: Agoseris, Arctium, Carduus, Carthamus, Centaurea, Cichorium, Cineraria, Cirsium, Crepis, Cynara, Dendroseris, Dimorphotheca, Erechtites, Gaillardia, Gnaphalium, Helichrysum, Hemistepta, Hieracium, Hypochoeris, Jacobaea, Knightia, Lactuca, Lagoseris, Lapsana, Lappa, Leontodon, Mulgedium, Nabalus, Picris, Prenanthes, Rhodanthe, Saussurea, Senecio, Solidago, Sonchus, Taraxacum
and
Tragopogon
. DISEASE: 'Downy mildew' of lettuce, globe artichoke, endive, chicory and many ornamental and wild species of Compositae. Infection can occur on any part of the lettuce plant (
Lactuca sativa
) except the capitulum (40: 197) and the fungus may colonize the plant systemically even as far as the roots (42: 429). In infected seedlings, the cotyledons stop growing, leading to stunting or death of the plant. Sporulation occurs on both sides of the cotyledon, which becomes chlorotic. As seedlings age, they become less susceptible, systemic infection becomes progressively less and fewer sporangiophores are produced (53, 3262). Newly formed true leaves are less susceptible than cotyledons (53, 3262). On mature leaves, profuse sporulation on the lower surface is sometimes preceded by a slight chlorosis; in widespread infections of wrapper leaves conidiophores are often the first sign of infection. On the upper surface chlorosis becomes severe and the lesion, bounded by the main veins, is frequently angular in appearance. Browning may occur later, probably due to secondary infections. On globe artichoke (
Cynara scolymus
) infection of the peduncle and basal bracts allows access to secondary infections (43, 3104). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide except Antarctica and Arctic (CMI Map 86, ed. 3, 1969). TRANSMISSION: Sporulation is usually profuse and conidia are air-borne. Conidia from cultivated lettuce are viable for at least 60 days at low temperatures and high humidity (40: 197) and, where lettuce is grown throughout the year, conidia are the most important means of transmission of the disease. The fungus is probably also carried over from season to season by means of oospores in soil debris (51, 3663).
Peronospora jaapiana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Francis S. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Peronospora jaapiana
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Rheum officinale, R. palmatum, R. rhaponticum, R. undulatum
. DISEASE: Downy mildew of rhubarb. Seedlings in cold frames and plants in the field may be attacked and heavy losses caused in cold, wet seasons. The fungus causes a severe spotting and eventual destruction of the leaves. Plants may be almost completely defoliated. The earliest symptoms are conspicuous yellowish spots of 1 cm or more diameter which appear on the upper leaf surface. These areas are at first delimited by the veins but in severe attacks they soon spread causing the veins to break and the leaves then fall to pieces. With age the leaf spots become dry and brown and very brittle. The condiophores which may be seen on the under surface of the leaves beneath the yellow spots in the earlier phases of the disease were sparingly produced in the material seen (IMI 251354) and resembled the downy mildew of rose,
Peronospora sparsa
, in this respect. They are reported as forming a grey to fawn downy growth in Australia when conditions are moist. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (USSR (Estonia, Latvia)); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (Britain, Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Poland, Switzerland); N. America (Canada, USA). TRANSMISSION: No oospores have been reported for this species and the pathogen is said to perennate as mycelium in the young shoots of propagating roots (Chupp & Sherf, 1960). The hyphae of
P. jaapiana
contain unusually large amounts of glycogen which enables them to overwinter in decaying leaf material on the ground (Magnus, 1910).
Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Sesamum indicum
. Inoculation of
Phaseolus vulgaris
stems and pods produces characteristic reddish spots with bacterial exudate, but leaves are not infected. Limited reactions reported for some other plants by Sutic & Dowson (1962) were probably what would now be called hypersensitive reactions. DISEASE: Dark brown to black leaf spots tending to be limited by veins. Spots may also appear on all other above-ground parts. On stems they often elongate and coalesce into lesions several cm long. Early infection of capsules may turn them black. Seriously infected plants may die. Under damp conditions epidemics cause severe losses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, China, India, Japan, Korea, Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, Yugoslavia, USA, Brazil (see CMI Map 398, ed. 2, 1973). Recent reports not included on the map are Uganda (56, 116), South Africa (58, 1681), Mexico (55, 5647) and Venezuela (54, 524). The known distribution in India now includes the whole of UP (49, 2389a). TRANSMISSION: Within the crop transmission is presumed to be by wind-driven rain. Seed transmission occurs (58, 5764) and allows spread into new areas.
Aspergillus wentii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aspergillus wentii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: A common species, with its main distribution in tropical and sub-tropical climates.
Eurotium chevalieri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Eurotium chevalieri
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly distributed in tropical and sub-tropical areas, but also found in temperate climates.
Pseudocercospora brevis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sutton B. C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora brevis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Terminalia bellerica
Roxb. (
Combretaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia dispersed by wind, less so by water.
Pseudocercospora combretacearum var. minima
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sutton B. C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora combretacearum var. minima
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Terminalia bellerica
Roxb. (
Combretaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by conidia dispersed by wind, less so by water.
Zeus olympius
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Zeus olympius
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus leucodermis
(branch). DISEASE:
Zeus olympius
has been found on dead portions of twigs which are often still alive towards their bases, suggesting it may be a parasite or facultative endophyte of the tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Greece. The fungus is known only from one site at around 1300m altitude on Mount Olympus. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions; ascomata containing ascospores have been observed in April.
Mortierella mutabilis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kirk P. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mortierella mutabilis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: From soil. DISEASE: None as a primary pathogen of plants; frequently encountered as a secondary invader or as a saprobe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Austria, China, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, UK, USA (North Carolina). TRANSMISSION: Movement of soil, or water-borne dispersal of sporangiospores.
Pseudocercospora carpentariae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Leung H. Y. M. , Goh T. K. , Hyde K. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudocercospora carpentariae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Carpentaria acuminata
(
Arecaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash-dispersal of conidia.
Fusarium dlaminii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium dlaminii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Saprobic in soil, plant debris. DISEASE: None known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Italy (76, 6733), Republic of South Africa (Transkei). TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be dispersed by movement of contaminated soil or plant debris.
Fusarium napiforme
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium napiforme
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Grain of
Pennisetum americanum
[Pennisetum glaucum]
(millet),
Sorghum
, also saprobic on plant debris in soil. Man. DISEASE: Not known to cause plant disease but potentially may cause mycotoxicosis. Occasionally an opportunistic pathogen of humans. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Namibia, South Africa (Transkei), Australia (Queensland). TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be dispersed by movement of contaminated soil or plant debris. Human transportation of infected grain.
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean),
P. coccineus
(scarlet runner bean). May also infect some lupin varieties (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1963). Not pathogenic to other types of beans such as Lima beans (
P. limensis
var.
limenanus
), cowpea (
Vigna sinensis
[Vigna unguiculata]
) or soyabeans (
Soja max
[Glycine max]
). DISEASE:
Fusarium
Yellows, vascular wilt. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where
Phaseolus vulgaris
is grown, including Brazil, Czech Republic, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Rwanda, Slovakia, The Netherlands, UK, USA, (former) Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be dispersed by movement of contaminated soil or plant debris. The fungus is also seed-borne by conidial contamination (Kendrick, 1934).
Fusarium polyphialidicum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium polyphialidicum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Saprobic on plant debris in soil. DISEASE: None known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Republic of South Africa (Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal), Zimbabwe; Americas: USA (Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia); Australasia: Australia (Northern Territory). TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets. Chlamydospores may be dispersed by movement of contaminated soil or plant debris.
Fusarium tumidum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium tumidum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Leguminosae
. DISEASE: Infects pods and is associated with circular stem lesions and tip dieback. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Germany, New Zealand. Possibly more widespread in temperate regions, but not reported. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed locally by water flow and splash droplets.
Colpoma crispum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Colpoma crispum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: On dead, rather brittle twigs of
Picea abies
, but usually attached but sometimes fallen by the time ascomata contain ascospores. Probably involved in self-pruning of the tree, but associated with lichen colonies unlike species of
Therrya
on
Pinus
(IMI Descriptions 1297 and 1298), and
Colpoma
on
Quercus
(IMI Description 942) which occur on twigs without lichen colonies. HOSTS:
Juniperus virginiana
(twig),
Larix
sp. (bark, twig),
Picea abies
(bark, twig),
Picea
sp. (bark),
Pseudotsuga menziesii
(twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon). Unsuccessful searches in north-west Poland. Altitude records exist up to 950m (Ukraine). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.
Didymascella thujina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Didymascella thujina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
'Keithia
disease' or 'cedar leaf blight'. HOSTS: Leaves of
Thuja occidentalis, T
.
plicata
. Occurring on
T. plicata
throughout its range in western North America, and widespread in North America on
T. occidentalis
, apparently confined to these two hosts,
fide
Pawsey (1958). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Belgium, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec), Denmark, Eire, Netherlands, Norway, UK (England, Scotland, Wales), USA (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin). Unsuccessful searches on introduced plants in Chile and Ukraine. With the introduction of resistant varieties of its host, this fungus is becoming less common in planted forests and on hedge trees, though it is still generally abundant in natural stands of its hosts. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions.
Mycosphaerella jonkershoekensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella jonkershoekensis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Protea longifolia, P. magnifica, P. repens, Protea
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Spores are wind borne.
Teratosphaeria maculiformis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Teratosphaeria maculiformis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Protea amplexicaulis, P. burchelli, P. caffra, P. compacta, P. compacta
×
magnifica
cv. Pink Duke,
P. cordata, P. cynaroides, P. eximia, P. gaguedi, P. grandiceps, P. lorifolia, P. magnifica, P. magnifica
×
susannae
cv. Susara,
P. neriifolia, P. nitida, P. obtusifolia, P. obtusifolia
×
magnifica
cv. Shelia,
P. punctata, P. roupelliae, P. simplex, P. speciosa, P. stokoei, P. susannae
×
eximia
cv. Sylvia,
P. repens, Protea
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa. TRANSMISSION: Wind borne ascospores.
Vizella interrupta
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Taylor J. E. , Crous P. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Vizella interrupta
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Banksiae integrifoliae, B. serrulata, Grevilleae aquifoliae, Grevellieae
sp.,
Hakea crassifolia, Isopogon anemonifolius, Leucospermum conocarpodendron, L. cordifolium, Leucadendron discolor, L. gandogeri, L. laureolum, Leucadendron
spp.,
Protea cynaroides, P. grandiceps, P. lepidocarpodendron, P. magnifica, P. neriifolia, P. nitida, Protea
spp. DISEASE: Leaf spot which can vary in appearance on different hosts, ranging from ascomata scattered randomly or arranged concentrically on the slightly discoloured leaf tissue. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Australia. TRANSMISSION: Wind borne.
Meliola capsicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Meliola capsicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Meliola capsicola
produces chlorotic zones in the leaves, under and around the colonies. A strong attack might thus result in reduction of photosynthetic capability. HOSTS:
Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. frutescens
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Meliola piperis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez M. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Meliola piperis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Meliola piperis
occurs mainly on thin and green branches of living
Piper
plants. This fungus does not produce symptoms of any disease. HOSTS:
Piper aduncum, P. hispidum, P. medium, Piper
sp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: British Guiana, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.
Valsa ambiens subsp. leucostomoides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Valsa ambiens subsp. leucostomoides
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: The anamorph can occasionally be found on dying twigs and the fungus is therefore probably a weak parasite. HOSTS:
Acer campestre, A. negundo, A. platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, A. rubrum, A. saccharinum, A. saccharum, A. tataricum, Fraxinus
spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: northern and eastern Europe. North America: Canada (eastern Canada), USA (north-eastern and north-central states). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia and ascospores in humid conditions.
Valsa ceratosperma
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Valsa ceratosperma
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Valsa ceratosperma
is known to be a pathogen, causing
Valsa
canker of apple trees in Japan (Sawamura
et al.
, 1990). HOSTS: Dead or dying twigs and branches of numerous woody angiosperms. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Republic of Georgia, Japan, India, Korea, Russia. Australasia: Australia. Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. North America: USA. South America: Argentina. Spielman (1985) describes distribution as worldwide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia and ascospores in humid conditions. Conidial and ascospore dispersal of
V. ceratosperma
was studied in apple tree orchards in Japan (Fujita
et al.
, 1980; Saito
et al.
, 1972).