bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CASE OF SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS) AS REPORTED IN 1863
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

On March 9, 1863, Dr David Cheever, Adjunct Professor of Clinical Surgery at the Harvard Medical School, presented the following case report of the sudden infant death syndrome at a meeting of the Boston Society for Medical Improvement.1 His report is one of the earliest descriptions of this syndrome in the American medical literature.
An infant, 10 weeks old, apparently in perfect health, suddenly died while sleeping, and after having been asleep one and a half hours. There had been no struggle, and the face was not livid. On post-mortem examination, Dr C. found no morbid appearances, except some serous effusion in the ventricles and at the base of the brain; the latter organ was also somewhat congested. The thoracic organs were all healthy, and the larynx free of obstruction. An infant cousin of the child had died in a precisely similar manner. Dr C. was unable to account for the death, unless the effusion might possibly have been accumulating insidiously for some time until it became sufficient to destroy life.
THE FIRST DESCRIPTION OF GAVAGE FEEDING OF NEWBORN INFANTS (1850)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Gavage feeding of premature or debilitated infants was first described by Marchant at a meeting of the Academy of Medicine in Paris on December 23, 1850.1 Marchant's report of about 200 words is worth citing in full because gavage feeding was eventually found to be of life-saving value in feeding many premature infants.
My translation follows:
Care to Give to Newborns
1. Infants are often born in a debilitated state labeled frequently by the accoucheurs under the name of feebleness of birth: respiration is poorly developed; and the ability to swallow food is impossible; the smallest quantity of liquid placed in the mouth passes into the larynx and leads to suffocation. Feeding being impossible, the newborn infants die infallibly with a period of time that varies from a few hours to one or two days.
2. Asphyxiated infants brought back to life by artificial respiration are often in a state of prolonged asphyxia, and chilling of the infant has not been adequately prevented. In all these cases I intend to use a method of artificial feeding by using a rubber sound [catheter] of a number 14 Charrière [14 French]. The introduction of the catheter into the infant's esophagus is neither dangerous nor difficult. By this means, one will be able to overcome the [infant's] weakness and save a life which is the target of strong feelings and attachment; and one that humanity directs us to preserve.
Apparently, Marchant's report went unnoticed because it was not until March 22, 1884 that the practice of gavage feeding was introduced by Tarnier at the Maternité Hospital in Paris.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Chadwick Douglas W. 
Published: December 2021

The article by Greer et al1 provokes some comment.
The implication is that there may not be enough vitamins in mother's milk. However, as a private practitioner of general pediatrics and an ardent supporter of breast-feeding for more than 16 years, it has been my routine practice to recommend breast-feeding alone for at least four to six months (or longer—14 months of age is the record so far) with no supplementary vitamins to the infant save a prescription for fluoride drops plus a multivitamin and mineral tablet daily for the mother.
A Simple Modification of the Intermittent Gavage Feeding Technique in Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Stronati Mauro , Lombardi Giuseppina , Rondini Giorgio 
Published: December 2021

We appreciated the article by Pereira and Lemons,1 the subsequent correspondence of Minoli and Moro,2 and Lemons' reply.3 We would like to suggest a simple modification of the intermittent gavage feeding technique in low-birth-weight infants in use in our division.
A syringe without the barrel is connected to the orogastric feeding tube and suspended from the top of the incubator. Formula or breast milk is placed in the syringe in the amount required; it then falls by gravity, thus avoiding sudden abdominal distention.4,5
RLQ Pain = Surgery?
Authors: STRASBURGER VICTOR C. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Ravitch's article1 is elegantly written but, unfortunately, ill-conceived. Ravitch would have us send to surgery any child with abdominal pain and right-lower-quadrant (RLQ) tenderness in whom no other diagnosis can be found. Why? Because the incidence of mortality for appendectomies is less than 1% and because the risk of missing a perforation is unacceptably high. Not so—if Ravitch had chosen to cite the recent surgical literature instead of reveling in McBurney's original observations, he would have found an important study from Johns Hopkins2 in which children with abdominal pain were all admitted to the hospital for intensive observation.
Testosterone Need Questioned
Authors: DANNENHOFFER ROBERT , CRAWFORD JOHN D. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
We have read with interest the report of Rosenfeld et al1 describing the effects of testosterone treatment in boys with constitutional growth delay. We are concerned, however, by a number of methodologic flaws, which may have led the authors to recommend testosterone where none is needed. On entry into the study, the treatment and control groups are not similar and thus, not comparable. The treatment group is significantly taller (149.9 v 143.0 cm, P &lt; .05) and somewhat older (15.2 v 14.6 years, P &gt; .05).
A Partially Blind Study
Authors: FORSYTH BRIAN 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
I would like to suggest that the article entitled: "Cow's Milk Formula as a Cause of Infantile Colic: A Double-Blind Study"1 would be better entitled: Infantile Colic and Confusion with Milk Formulas: A Partially Blinded Study. The authors of the article suggest that their results demonstrate that infantile colic was "cow's milk dependent in 71% of the infants in the study" and "53% of these infants also showed an adverse reaction to soy." With this, I disagree.
A Partially Blind Study
Authors: LOTHE L. , LINDBERG T. , JAKOBSSON I. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
In reply to Forsyth we want to refer to our recent publication in this journal. Once again we emphasize that our conclusion that cow's milk seems to be one major factor in causing infantile colic is based on the results of the whole study (ie, not only the double-blind test, but also the outcome of the cow's milk challenges at follow-up). Concerning the 18% (11 infants) who did not react adversely to soy formula, seven infants received it as the first challenge and four as the second.
Circumcision Continues
Authors: HERRERA ALFREDO J. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
The reason why Brenneman feels that parental Information given prenatally is successful in decreasing the circumcision rate is probably because he believes there is not any clear medical indication for circumcision (in the majority of cases), and he gives that input to the parents as I believe he should. However, I am afraid he is in the minority group. Of a survey of 400 pediatricians and obstetricians across the country, we found that 50% believe for one reason or another that circumcision is indicated in the male newborn, 33% do not believe so, and 17.4% are undecided.
Pharyngeal Gonorrhea
Authors: CHACKO MARIAM R. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
We are pleased to have Emans and Silber support our recommendations regarding screening for pharyngeal gonorrhea in high-risk urban adolescents. We are also glad to note that our data are consistent with the study done by Silber et al.1 It is important to reemphasize that in our study, of the 80 patients with gonorrhea, 15% had only pharyngeal gonorrhea, and therefore would have been missed if throat cultures had not been taken. In addition, approximately, half (6/12) were detected at a family planning visit and at the time were considered totally asymptomatic.
Postoperative Ketotic Hyperglycemia During Prostaglandin E1 Infusion in Infancy
Authors: COHEN MARK H. , NIHILL MICHAEL R. 
Published: December 2021

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE-1) has recently been approved for intravenous infusion in infants as a palliative treatment in selected cardiovascular anomalies (E. Micalizzi, personal communication, 1981). These include lesions in which patency of the ductus arteriosus is necessary to assure either pulmonary or systemic blood flow.1
In addition to its vasoactive properties, PGE-1 has many metabolic properties, some of which are now coming under close scrutiny. This case report describes the postoperative course of an infant who, while under treatment with PGE-1, became severely hyperglycemic with apparent ketoacidosis.
CASE REPORT
J.R. was the product of a 35-week gestation as determined by dates. The mother was an insulin-dependent diabetic with renal-vascular involvement.
Criteria for Diastolic Pressure: Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Now a Compromise
Authors: MOSS ARTHUR J. 
Published: December 2021

In 1967, an editorial entitled, "The Criterion for Diastolic Pressure: Revolution and Counterrevolution" appeared in a cardiology journal.1 The comments centered on deliberations of three committees appointed through the years by the American Heart Association. The charge of these committees was, among other things, to resolve the issue of whether the fourth phase of Korotkoff sounds (muffling) or the fifth phase (cessation) is the proper index of diastolic pressure.
In 1939, the American Heart Association, together with the Cardiac Society of Great Britain and Ireland, recommended quite definitely that the fourth phase should be considered the index of diastolic pressure.2
REVOLUTION
In 1951, a second committee of the American Heart Association reversed the recommendation of the 1939 International Committee and stated that the fifth phase was to be regarded as the more reliable index of diastolic pressure.3
Acute Versus Chronic Salicylate Poisoning
Authors: GAUDREAULT PIERRE , TEMPLE ANTHONY R. , LOVEJOY FREDERICK H. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Fink's letter affords us the opportunity to elaborate on certain points addressed in our paper. In the last decade the mode of presentation of aspirin intoxication has changed. Since the introduction of safety caps and the limitation of children's aspirin to 36 per bottle, the incidence of acute aspirin intoxication has decreased.1 However, salicylate intoxication following chronic ingestion of an excessive amount of aspirin has increased. In this study we wished to evaluate the relative severity and nature of salicylate intoxication following chronic exposure as opposed to a single ingestion.
Central Venous Catheter Complications
Authors: HOELZER DENNIS J. , L'HOMMEDIEU CHARLES S 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
We read with interest the paper of Dolcourt and Bose.1 We commend them on their technical expertise and success rate in establishing central venous access. There are several conclusions with which we take issue.
1. Duration of Line Usage. The authors report that their catheters remained in place for a mean of 24.8 days (variance of 15.9 days). More informative would be median days of usage. They compare their results with other reports and claim that their catheters lasted twice as long.
Flaws in Study of Management of Children with Febrile Illness
Authors: SOMAN MICHAEL P. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
I found the recent article1 comparing the management of febrile children by pediatricians and general practitioners to be quite thought provoking but seriously flawed. The section regarding variability in laboratory use was interesting, but not enough information on subjects (particularly age and degree of temperature) was given to compare the care by either group of physicians with recent age-specific recommendations.2-4 More importantly, the most relevant outcome conclusion was that "no significant differences in the measured outcomes of episodes of febrile illness seen by pediatricians or generalists was found."
Teaching Hospitals Today and the Challenge for Excellence
Authors: GEME JOSEPH W. ST. 
Published: December 2021

The contemporary pediatric chairman exists in an extraordinary professional milieu. The challenge for academic leaders in this deacde becomes more rigorous with each passing day. No longer will the traditional attributes of teacher, clinician, and biomedical researcher suffice. The chairman must also become a competitive academic-administrative leader with additional skills in personnel management and entrepreneurial business pursuits. At the same time, the arena in which he or she toils, the teaching hospital, has become an economic battle-ground.
Competition for patient population and teaching material in our academic medical centers is intense. Can we meet it? Nonteaching community hospitals surround every teaching institution. These hospitals provide primary and secondary hospital care with much less fuss.
Principles of Child Health Care Financing
Authors:   Committee on Child Health Financing
Published: December 2021

Whether it is through employment, personal means, a publicily financed plan or a privately purchased plan, the financing of health care must provide for appropriate pediatric care. An unacceptable level of mortality and morbidity persists today among American children, and it is clear that archaic and inequitable financing mechanisms contribute to this circumstance.
Waste, inefficiency, and discrimination against children in current financing systems must give way to improvements that maximize access to comprehensive pediatric care and ensure the quality of the care.
As both the public and private sectors continue to explore the redesign of health financing, the following principles are among those against which the Academy will weigh proposed changes.
1. Children's Right to Access to the Health Care System.
• All children have a right to health care.
• Financial barriers should not prevent children from receiving comprehensive health care.
• When families are unable to provide for adequate health financing, through employment, purchase of a private plan, or personal means, children should be covered by a comprehensive public plan.
• Health care financing systems should permit reasonable options for the patient to choose appropriate providers of services.
2. Standards for Comprehensiveness and Quality Assurance.
• Health care financing systems should cover medical care needed by infants, children, and adolescents, including prenatal consultations, newborn care, preventive care, health supervision, and treatment services through age 21 years.
• Heealth care financing systems should encourage continuity of care by primary care physicians.
• Health care financing systems should recognize the value eof cognitive services in addition to procedural services.
• Health care financing systems should cover physician-directed ancillary and rehabilitative services.
Breast-Feeding or Infant Formula Should Be Continued for 12 Months
Authors: WOODRUFF CALVIN 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The age at which the feeding of fresh homogenized cow's milk can produce occult blood loss has not been determined. The most recent study1 suggests that iron-replete infants fed less than 1 L/day are susceptible when less than age 140 days but not between 140 and 196 days (4.7 to 6.5 months). This study used the Hemoccult test, a relatively insensitive test for blood in the stool. A review of the feeding histories of 12 infants previously reported22 and four studied subsequently who had evidence of iron deficiency anemia associated with the ingestion of large amounts of fresh homogenized cow's milk (1 to 2 L daily) showed that eight of the 16 infants hed received infant formula with or without iron for at least 6 months, and four others for at least 3 months.
Transverse Myelitis and Penicillin
Authors: WEIR MICHAEL R. , FEARNOW RONALD G. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The review by Beregson et al1 was of particular interest to staff pediatricians at William Beaumont Army Medical Center due to a recent case of transverse myelitis following gluteal injection of benzathine penicillin. The case promoted a review of the literature, and that report is being prepared for publication (W. Stafford, H. Mena, W. S. Piskun, et a, in preparation). We concluded that preparations or mixtures are not safe in the gluteal musclature of children less than 2 to 3 years of age.
Transverse Myelitis and Penicillin
Authors: BERGESON PAUL S. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Weir and Fearnow have made an extremely important observation and have thereby contributed significantly to the emedical literature. Their proposed mechanism of injury is lucid and logical. This report represents a strong consideration regarding the use of the gluteal area for intramuscular injections in infants, even when appropriate technique is used. How safe is the injection of nonviscous, lucent materials in this area? Further studies are urgently needed to clarify this point. Finally, pediatric practitioners must make honest reports of complications resulting from intramuscular injections (such as the above letter) to allow us to gain understanding in this area.
Multiple Anaerobic Pulmonary Abscesses
Authors: BEHRENTS ROLF G. , DIETRICH CARL P. , SABAT MICHAEL R. , WENGER TERRENCE L. , YONALLY JAMES F. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
In response to the article by Stern et al, "Multiple Microaerophilic Streptococal Lung Abscesses After Orthodontic Treatment" (Pediatrics 1982;70:722-724), we, of course, concur that the possibility of lung abscesses following supine-position aspiration of minute, orally contaminated substances should be considered by orthodontists as well as all other appropriate practitioners. The "message" that is ultimately derived from the paper is timely, and it is within reason that this situation could occur.
However, in the case presented, we do feel the circumstantial evidence is too tenuous and fragile to constitute reasonable proof that the situation did in fact occur. The authors suggest that the concisely described infection (in this presumably previously healthy patient) was caused, with little question, by an uneventful aspiration of some orally contaminated flecks of dental cement during the application of orthodontic appliances.
Renal Calcification in Premature Infants
Authors: GOLDSMITH MARTIN A. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Hufnagle et al1 reported on ten premature infants who developed renal calcifications while receiving long-term furosemide therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A similar case has been reported,2 and I have been informed of another premature male infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who developed a left renal calculus while receiving chronic furosemide therapy. At six months of age, the infant developed hydronephrosis, which required nephrostomy for decompression and removal of the calculus (N. Visveshwara, personal communication, 1982).
Aluminum Toxicity
Authors: GRISWOLD W. R. , REZNIK VIVIAN M. , MENDOZA S. A. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
As we mentioned in the discussion section of our paper,1 parathyroidectomy may have been deleterious to this patient. The experience of Hodsman et al2 with the inappropriateness of parathyroidectomy in nondialyzed uremic patients with osteomalacia could not be applied to our patient because that literature was not in print at the time our patient was treated.
Evidence for toxicity of aluminum has, until recently, been controversial. The literature of the past year clearly shows that aluminum can be toxic to bone.
Hazards of Battery Ingestions
Authors: TEMPLE DAVID M. , McNEESE MARGARET C. 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
The guidelines for management of battery ingestion presented by Mofenson et al certainly exhibit compromise between those physicians who advocate immediate removal of all batteries1,2 and those who essentially advocate "cautious observation only"3 one the battery is to the stomach. Since our article4 was submitted in July 1982, several additional case reports have come to our attention.3 Five of these cases involved a battery that lodged in the eosphagus. All patients in this group experienced significant if not fatal complications.
Fluorocarbon Propellants and Central Nervous System Stimulation in Asthma
Authors: ADINOFF ALLEN , TELLEZ PATRICK 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
Pressurized aerosols used in the treatment of asthma contain a mixture of fluorocarbons as propellants. Although the possible cardiac toxicity of these substances in asthmatics has been discussed,1 little attention has been given to the stimulatory effects on the central nervous system. We have observed a patient who demonstrated behavior that, we feel, illustrates this point.
J.C. is a 12-year-old girl who has had asthma since infancy and who has required alternate-day corticosteroids for the past 3 years.
Cutaneous Amebiasis
Authors: RIMSZA MARY ELLEN 
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—
Brook has heightened the pediatrician's awareness of anaerobic etiologies of cutaneous abscesses, especially in the perineal area. He suggests that our patient may have had an anaerobic infection rather than cutaneous amebiasis, although our patient had an open ulcer rather than a closed abscess. In our patient, aerobic and anaerobic cultures of the genital lesions grew coagulase-negative staphylococci and diphtheroids. Viral cultures were sterile. Cultures of the genital ulcers, vagina, and rectum were negative for Neisseria gonorrhoea.
Misconceptions About Sleep
Authors: GUILLEMINAULT C. , ARIAGNO R. , KOROBKIN R. , COONS S. 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
It was with interest that we read the article on obstructive apnea in human infants by van Someren and Stothers.1 We would, however, like to correct some of the misconceptions concerning our work. We did not find that "the only difference between `near miss SIDS infants' and control groups was an increased frequency of short 3- to 6-second periods of mixed and obstructive apnea in the high risk group." As written in Pediatrics,2 we found that "the total number of mixed and obstructive apnea greater than 3 seconds during total sleep time, between 3 weeks and 4½ months statistically differentiated the two groups."
Quality of Life
Authors: WILL MADELEINE 
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—
The article by Singer, "Sanctity of Life or Quality of Life?" (Pediatrics 1983;72:128-129) chronicled and supported the decline in the sanctity of life ethic; Singer also unwittingly chronicled a decline in the quality of our understanding and respect for persons with disabilities.
The article, which compares severely disabled infants unfavorably with pigs and dogs, is not only needlessly provocative, but disregards among other things, the constitutional rights of disabled citizens. In Singer's words, the lives of these Americans are "demonstrably awful."
Acute Monarticular Arthritis Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus Type I
Authors: RAMAFEDI GARY , MULDOON ROBERT L. 
Published: December 2021

Numerous viruses have been described as potential causes of acute arthritides.1-3 Recently, herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I has been implicated as a possible etiologic agent in acute arthritis in adults.4-6 The purpose here is to review evidence of the role of herpes viruses in acute arthritis and to report the isolation of HSV from the synovial fluid of a child with arthritis.
CASE REPORT
A 6-year-old of Mexican descent was admitted to the hospital because of the acute onset of pain and swelling in her light knee. The patients had been well until four days prior to admission when she developed fever and painful oral lesions.