bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital On-Chip Calibration of Analog Systems towards Enhanced Reliability
Authors: Sovcik Michal , Nagy Lukas , Stopjakova Viera , Arbet Daniel 
Published: March 2021

This chapter deals with digital method of calibration for analog integrated circuits as a means of extending its lifetime and reliability, which consequently affects the reliability the analog electronic system as a whole. The proposed method can compensate for drift in circuit’s electrical parameters, which occurs either in a long term due to aging and electrical stress or it is rather more acute, being caused by process, voltage and temperature variations. The chapter reveals the implementation of ultra-low voltage on-chip system of digitally calibrated variable-gain amplifier (VGA), fabricated in CMOS 130 nm technology. It operates reliably under supply voltage of 600mV with 10% variation, in temperature range from −20°C to 85°C. Simulations suggest that the system will preserve its parameters for at least 10 years of operation. Experimental verification over 10 packaged integrated circuit (IC) samples shows the input offset voltage of VGA is suppressed in range of 13μV to 167μV. With calibration the VGA closely meets its nominally designed essential specifications as voltage gain or bandwidth. Digital calibration is comprehensively compared to its widely used alternative, Chopper stabilization through its implementation for the same VGA.
Rediscovering Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii): Molecular Analysis and Threats
Authors: Angel Reyes-López Miguel , Yedith Camacho-Sánchez Fátima , E. Hart Catherine , Leal-Sepúlveda Valeria , Alan Zavala-Félix Kevin , Paúl Ley-Quiñónez César , Alonso Aguirre A. , Alfredo Zavala-Norzagaray Alan 
Published: March 2021

Sea turtles are reptiles that have inhabited the earth for 100 million years. These are divided into 2 families (Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae) and 7 species of sea turtles in the world: the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea); hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata); Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii); olive ridley (L. olivacea); Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta); flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas). In particular, Kemp’s ridley is included in the red list of IUCN categorized as “critically endangered”. The most important site around the Word is in Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Where 80–95% of the world’s nesting is concentrated. Other nesting areas are Tepeguajes and Barra del Tordo, in Tamaulipas, and with less intensity in Veracruz (Lechuguillas and El Raudal beaches) and South Padre Island, Texas, USA. They deposit an average of about 90 eggs and hatching takes 40 to 60 days. Therefore, they are vulnerable to different anthropogenic activities and sources of pollution, such as heavy metals, which can cause toxic effects that are harmful to the turtles, damage their physiology and health. To understand the real situation about health and genetic parameters it is necessary to analyze biochemical and molecular factors in this species.
Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenicity of Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in Suburban and Rural Groundwater Supplies of Marrakesh Area (Morocco)
Authors: Lamrani Alaoui Hafsa , Oufdou Khalid , Mezrioui Nour-Eddine 
Published: March 2021

This synthesis of research work considers the dynamic, antibiotic resistance, hemolytic, and hemagglutination activities of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in comparison with those of fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from suburban and rural groundwater supplies in a Marrakesh area (Morocco). In addition, it assesses the influence of some chemical factors on the distribution of all these bacterial groups. The obtained results showed that the prospected well waters contain them at varying abundance degrees while undergoing generally spatial and temporal fluctuations. The total occurrence of these bacteria during the period of study was 94%. Detectable non-O1 V. cholerae was present in 81% of the samples and the mean abundances ranged from 0 to 11100 MPN/100 ml. According to WHO standards for drinking water, they were heavily contaminated and could have significant health risks for the local population consuming them. Non-O1 V. cholerae and the other studied bacteria are virulent since most of them were found to be adhesive, producers of hemolysins and multi-resistant to antibiotics. Pollution activities around the wells lead to an increase of virulence and antimicrobial resistance in groundwater. This shows the role of these bacteria in several cases of gastro-enteric and systemic pathologies noted in Marrakech local population.
Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5): Their Obtaining Methods and Wide Applications
Authors: Tadeu Cestarolli Dane , Maria Guerra Elidia 
Published: March 2021

The first synthesis of pentoxide vanadium (V2O5) as gel completed 135 years in 2020. Since its first synthesis, the V2O5 has attracted attention over the years in different areas in science and technology. There are several possibilities to obtain V2O5 resulting in different structures. Among these methods, it is possible to mention the sol–gel, hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis, electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), template-based methods, reverse micelle techniques, Pechini method and electrochemical deposition that can be considered as the great asset for its varied structures and properties. Progress towards obtaining of different structures of V2O5, and phases have been resulted in lamellar structure with wide interlayer spacing, good chemical and thermal stability and thermoelectric and electrochromic properties. Throughout this advancement, its performance for industrial applications have made a strong candidate in electrochromic devices, photovoltaic cell, reversible cathode materials for Li batteries, supercapacitor, among others. This chapter will be to assist an updated review since the first synthesis up to current development.
Fixed Lingual Retainer Positioner: A narrative review
Authors: Lakhanam Medha , Srivastava Kamna , Singh Raghavendr 
Published: March 2021

Retention is one of the most critical phase of Orthodontic treatment . Angle stated that "the problem involved in retention are greater than the difficulties being encountered in the treatment, and tests the utmost skill of the operator. The various retention appliances available include Removable retainers and bonded retainers. Removable retainers have their own advantages and disadvantages, but they need patient’s compliance to wear them.Fixed retainers consist of a length of orthodontic wire that is bonded on the lingual aspect of tooth .The major advantages of bonded retainers includes invisibility, no patient compliance required and long term retention.

Bonding of a lingual retainer is a challenging and technique sensitive procedure because it requires long working time and has a risk of contamination from saliva and moisture, leading to bond failure as it is difficult to adaptation of the retainer wire and further stabilization of contoured retainer wire in the oral cavity during bonding.
If retainer wire can be effectively stabilized over the lingual surface of tooth prior to bonding, bonding becomes a simple process.
Various methods used to stabilize lingual retainer before bonding involves use of separators (Kesling and elastomeric separators), materials like resin, memosil, glue etc or use of metal Stablizers in form of W,V or use of wires .

The objectives of this article is to compile the different retention techniques used to stabilize the lingual retainer wire for bonding altogether at one place.

Keywords: Retainers, lingual aspect, Bonding, Stablization
Bullying and malocclusion in adolescence: a case report
Authors: Grassia Vincenzo , Rotolo Rossana Patricia , Nucci Ludovica , D'Apuzzo Fabrizia , Perillo Letizia 
Published: March 2021

Adolescents with bad malocclusion can more often be victims of bullying and the improvement of their facial appearance through oral rehabilitation is nowadays an important issue.
The aim of this case report was to describe the orthodontic treatment in a teenager with a dentoskeletal malocclusion exposed to bullying to correct his occlusal problems and improve facial esthetics and quality of life. The patient, a boy aged 13.5 years, had a class II, division 1, malocclusion with hyperdivergent pattern, mandibular asymmetry, constricted maxillary arch and molar crossbite, increased overjet, lower mild crowding and lip sucking. A two-phase approach was necessary to achieve proper occlusion, better esthetics and promote the patient's self-esteem with consequent greater serenity of his family.
De montgolfieras y globos.
Authors: Masán Lucas Andrés 
Published: March 2021

En estas páginas efectuamos una primera aproximación sobre los eventos aerostáticos en Buenos Aires durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Entendidos como espectáculos públicos inscriptos en un espacio urbano en reconfiguración, es posible advertir en la paulatina incorporación de lo aéreo cierta vocación social por interpelar a los habitantes de la ciudad. Para dar cuenta de este derrotero examinamos desde las germinales inscripciones de las montgolfieras en el imaginario local en la década de 1820 hasta la primera experiencia de globo tripulado efectuada por Bartolomé Lartet en 1856. Observamos la trayectoria de estas exhibiciones como instancias que condensan expresiones y deseos comunitarios entre los cuales es posible entrever preocupaciones de carácter social y político. En este camino los sentidos asociados al globo aerostático nos permiten ver una latente incorporación del ideario moderno basado en la novedad, la valoración de acciones temerarias y una nueva estimulación sensorial del habitante.
In these pages we make a first approximation of the aerostatic events in Buenos Aires during the first half of the 19th century. Understood as public performances inscribed in an urban space undergoing reconfiguration, it is possible to notice in the gradual incorporation of the air a social vocation for questioning the inhabitants of the city. To account for this course we examine from the germinal inscriptions of the montgolfieras in the local imagination in the 1820s to the first manned balloon experience carried out by Bartolomé Lartet in 1856. We observe the trajectory of these exhibitions as instances that condense expressions and wishes community among which it is possible to glimpse social and political concerns. In this way, the senses associated with the hot air balloon allow us to see a latent incorporation of modern ideology based on novelty, the valuation of reckless actions and a new sensory stimulation of the inhabitant.
Effects of functional correction training on injury risk of athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Junxia , Zhang Chunhe , Chen Sheng , Zhao Yuhua 
Published: March 2021

Background
We explored functional correction training using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) tool. We also analyzed the effects of training on the injuries of athletes in a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized clinical trials.

Methodology
We collected twenty-four articles from PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, SPORTDiscus, Embase, WanFang, and CNKI that were published between January 1997 to September 2020. Articles were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, studies with functional correction training screened by FMS™ as the independent variable, and studies with injury risk to the athlete as the dependent variable. Data conditions included the sample size, mean, standard deviation, total FMS™ scores, number of injuries, and asymmetry movement patterns after interventions in the experimental and control groups. Exclusion criteria included: conference abstracts, cross-sectional studies, articles with retrospective study design.

Results
Twelve non-randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. The injury risk ratio of athletes after functional correction training was 0.39 RR (95 CI [1.50–1.93]; Z = 15.53; P < 0.0001; I2 = 2.6%), indicating an improvement of athletes functional patterns.

Conclusion
Grade B evidence indicates that functional correction training based on FMS™ may improve the functional patterns of athletes and Grade D evidence indicates that it may reduce the risk of sports injury. However, the true effect is likely to be different from the estimate of the effect. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the influence of functional correction training on the injury risks of athletes. Protocol registration: CRD42019145287.
Warming resistant corals from the Gulf of Aqaba live close to their cold-water bleaching threshold
Authors: Bellworthy Jessica , Fine Maoz 
Published: March 2021

Global climate change is causing increasing variability and extremes in weather worldwide, a trend set to continue. In recent decades both anomalously warm and cold seawater temperatures have resulted in mass coral bleaching events. Whilst corals’ response to elevated temperature has justifiably attracted substantial research interest, coral physiology under cold water stress is relatively unfamiliar. The response to below typical winter water temperature was tested for two common reef building species from the Gulf of Aqaba in an ex situ experiment. Stylophora pistillata and Acropora eurystoma were exposed to 1 or 3 °C below average winter temperature and a suite of physiological parameters were assessed. At 3 °C below winter minima (ca. 18.6 °C), both species had significant declines in photosynthetic indices (maximum quantum yield, electron transport rate, saturation irradiance, and photochemical efficiency) and chlorophyll concentration compared to corals at ambient winter temperatures. It was previously unknown that corals at this site live close to their cold-water bleaching threshold and may be vulnerable as climate variability increases in magnitude. In order to determine if a cold winter reduces the known heat resistance of this population, the corals were subsequently exposed to an acute warm period at 30 °C the following summer. Exposed to above typical summer temperatures, both species showed fewer physiological deviations compared to the cold-water stress. Therefore, the cold winter experience did not increase corals’ susceptibility to above ambient summer temperatures. This study provides further support for the selection of heat tolerant genotypes colonising the Red Sea basin and thereby support the mechanism behind the Reef Refuge Hypothesis.
Assessing the performance of an automated breast treatment planning software
Authors: Dragojević Irena , Hoisak Jeremy D. P. , Mansy Gina J. , Rahn Douglas A. , Manger Ryan P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess the dosimetric performance of an automated breast planning software.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 15 breast cancer patients treated with tangent fields according to the RTOG 1005 protocol and 30 patients treated off‐protocol. Planning with electronic compensators (eComps) via manual, iterative fluence editing was compared to an automated planning program called EZFluence (EZF) (Radformation, Inc.). We compared the minimum dose received by 95% of the volume (D95%), D90%, the volume receiving at least 105% of prescription (V105%), V95%, the conformity index of the V95% and PTV volumes (CI95%), and total monitor units (MUs). The PTV_Eval structure generated by EZF was compared to the RTOG 1005 breast PTV_Eval structure.ResultsThe average D95% was significantly greater for the EZF plans, 95.0%, vs. the original plans 93.2% (P = 0.022). CI95% was less for the EZF plans, 1.18, than the original plans, 1.48 (P = 0.09). D90% was only slightly greater for EZF, averaging at 98.3% for EZF plans and 97.3% for the original plans (P = 0.0483). V105% (cc) was, on average, 27.8cc less in the EZF breast plans, which was significantly less than for those manually planned. The average number of MUs for the EZF plans, 453, was significantly less than original protocol plans, 500 (P = 8 × 10−6). The average difference between the protocol PTV volume and the EZF PTV volume was 196 cc, with all but two cases having a larger EZF PTV volume (P = 0.020).ConclusionEZF improved dose homogeneity, coverage, and MU efficiency vs. manually produced eComp plans. The EZF‐generated PTV eval is based on the volume encompassed by the tangents, and is not appropriate for dosimetric comparison to constraints for RTOG 1005 PTV eval. EZF produced dosimetrically similar or superior plans to manual, iteratively derived plans and may also offer time and efficiency benefits.
Solvent‐Assisted Kinetic Trapping in Quaternary Perovskites
Authors: Parmar Darshan H. , Pina Joao M. , Choubisa Hitarth , Bappi Golam , Bertens Koen , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEngineering halide perovskites through alloying allows synthesis of materials having tuned electronic and optical properties; however, synthesizing many of these alloys is hindered by the formation of demixed phases arising due to thermodynamically unstable crystal structures. Methods have been developed to make such alloys, such as solid‐phase reactions, chemical vapor deposition, and mechanical grinding; but these are incompatible with low‐temperature solution‐processing and monolithic integration, precluding a number of important applications of these materials. Here, solvent‐phase kinetic trapping (SPKT), an approach that enables the synthesis of novel thermodynamically unfavored perovskite alloys, is developed. SPKT is used to synthesize Cs1−xRbxPbCl3 and report the first instance of ultraviolet emission in polycrystalline perovskite thin films. SPKT leads to materials exhibiting superior thermal and photostability compared to non‐kinetically trapped materials of the same precursors. Transient absorption spectroscopy of the kinetically trapped material reveals improved optical properties: greater absorption, and longer ground‐state bleach lifetimes. SPKT may be applied to other perovskites to realize improved material properties while benefiting from facile solution‐processing.
Vertically Oriented Cu2+1O@Cu‐MOFs Hybrid Clusters for High‐Performance Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Zheng Kun , Tan Hua , Wang Lihua , Liu Jingquan , Ding Meichun , Jia Dedong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study of metal–organic framework (MOF) as supercapacitor materials has attracted much attention. Here, a novel vapor‐phase approach is developed to in situ grow arrays of Cu2+1O (Cu2O with metal excess defects) @Cu‐MOF clusters on copper foam (CF) from the well‐aligned Cu(OH)2 nanorods in response to the exposure in the ligand gas. Benefiting from highly oriented and hierarchical structure of Cu‐MOF clusters arrays, synergistic effect between Cu2+1O and Cu‐MOF, and intimate connection of Cu2+1O@Cu‐MOF and CF, the Cu2+1O@Cu‐MOF/CF displays enhanced specific capacitance compared to Cu(OH)2/CF and Cu2+1O/CF (≈2.5 F cm−2 vs ≈0.8 and 0.9 F cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2). The quantitative analysis reveals that the capacitance of the Cu2+1O@Cu‐MOF/CF is largely contributed by the surface capacitive processes, consisting of double‐layer capacitance coming from porous Cu‐MOF and Faradaic capacitance rooting from Cu ion. The asymmetric supercapacitor of Cu2+1O@Cu‐MOF/CF//AC achieves high energy density of 38.3 Wh kg−1 at power density of 824.6 W kg−1 with capacitance retention of 90% after 5000 cycles. This study provides new avenue for in situ growth of MOF as electrodes for supercapacitors, by directly using high conductive metal as precursor through vapor‐phase approach, rather than traditional combination of linkers and metal salts in organic solvent.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells‐Based Targeting Delivery System: Therapeutic Promises and Immunomodulation against Tumor
Authors: Zhang Tianyuan , Huang Ting , Su Yuanqin , Gao Jianqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe inherent homing ability toward tumor sites of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after systemic delivery has, during the past decade, created an impetus to develop these stem cells as living carriers for successful tumor‐targeted therapy. Nevertheless, the controversies about the role of MSCs in promoting or inhibiting tumor progress are impeding the potential clinical application of this system, which is partly due to the contradictory immunomodulation capability. Therefore, in this review, updated progress in the applications of MSCs as the cellular carrier for tumor‐targeting therapy, are summarized. In addition, the immunomodulating capability of MSCs and its influences on tumor progress and metastasis are highlighted. Finally, the advantages and potential risks of MSCs concerning their modulation of immune responses and the factors determining their immune properties are emphasized. It is hoped that the challenges surrounding the impacts on immune response induced by the administration of MSCs summarized in this review will provide a critical guidance for the rational design and proper application of MSCs‐based targeting delivery system for tumor therapy.
Statistical Correlation Measures From Higher‐Order Moments in Quantum Oscillator Systems
Authors: Salazar Saúl J. C. , Laguna Humberto G. , Sagar Robin P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTriple‐wise and higher‐order correlation measures are proposed using analogies from information theory. Two‐ and three‐variable statistical correlation measures, obtained from higher‐order moments, are examined in three‐particle continuous variable quantum oscillator systems. It is illustrated how the mutual information and cokurtosis measures exhibit similar behaviors, as the strength of the attractive or repulsive interparticle potential is varied.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Mediates Alcohol‐Induced Colorectal Cancer Immune Escape through Stabilizing PD‐L1 Expression
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xia Yuhui , Wang Fang , Luo Min , Yang Ke , Liang Shaobo , An Sainan , Wu Shaocong , Yang Chuan , Chen Da , Xu Meng , Cai Muyan , To Kenneth K. W. , Fu Liwu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the great success of immunotherapy in a small subset of cancer patients, most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients do not respond to programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD‐1) blockade immunotherapy. There is an urgent medical need to elucidate how cancer cells evade immune response and to develop novel means to boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, alcohol induces ligand programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD‐L1) expression of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Alcohol exposure is shown to induce aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) expression that is a crucial enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism, and low level of lymphocytes infiltration in the murine CRC model and patients. Intriguingly, ALDH2 and PD‐L1 protein expression are positively correlated in tumor tissues from the CRC patients. Mechanistically, ALDH2 stabilizes PD‐L1 protein expression by physically interacting with the intracellular segment of PD‐L1 and inhibiting its proteasome‐dependent degradation mediated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase Speckle Type POZ Protein (SPOP). Importantly, inhibition of ALDH2 reduces PD‐L1 protein in CRC cells and promotes tumor‐infiltrating T cells (TILs) infiltration, presumably leading to the significant potentiation of anti‐PD‐1 antibody efficacy in a mouse CT26 CRC model. The findings highlight a crucial role played by ALDH2 to facilitate alcohol‐mediated tumor escape from immunity surveillance and promote tumor progression.