bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) pada Pekerja Proyek Pembangunan PLTGU Muara Tawar (Persero)
Authors: Azizah Dhesti Nisrina , Pulungan Rafiah Maharani , Utari Dyah , Amrullah Afif Amir 
Published: September 2021

Abstrak
Latar belakang: Faktor perilaku merupakan salah satu permasalahan dalam kepatuhan menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) yang dapat mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Teori Lawrence Green menjelaskan bahwa perilaku terdiri atas faktor predisposisi, pendukung, dan pendorong. Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) sudah menjadi sebuah pakaian wajib bagi pekerja, terutama bagi pekerja yang bekerja pada wilayah dengan risiko yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD pada pekerja Proyek pembangunan PLTGU Muara Tawar PT. Hutama Karya (Persero).
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analitik kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini pekerja Proyek PLTGU Muara Tawar PT Hutama Karya yang berada di area STG dan HRSG sebanyak 349 pekerja.
Hasil: Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 9 pekerja tidak patuh dalam menggunakan APD. Hasil analisis statistik menyimpulkan hubungan pada faktor predisposisi pengetahuan (P=0,005), faktor pemungkin ketersediaan APD (p=0,003), faktor pendorong pengawasan (p=0,11), sementara itu tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan antara variabel usia (p=0,474), sikap (p=0,157), pendidikan (p=1,000) dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD
Kesimpulan: Disarankan agar perusahaan dapat konsisten memberikan pemahaman mengenai APD dan tegas dalam kepatuhan penggunaan APD
Kata kunci: kepatuhan APD, Pekerja, APD pada pekerja
Abstract
Background: Behavioral factor is one of the problems in compliance with Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage which can prevent work accidents. Lawrence Green's theory explains that behavior consists of 3 factors such as predisposing, supporting and driving factors. Personal protective equipment (PPE) has become a mandatory attire for workers, especially for workers who work in high risk areas.
Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that related to the compliance to wear PPE on the workers of the Muara Tawar PT. Hutama Karya (Persero) project. This research type was quantitative analytic with cross sectional design. The population of this study were 349 workers of the Muara Tawar PLTGU PT Hutama Karya project in the STG and HRSG areas.
Result: The results showed that 9 workers (questionnaire) and 32 workers (observation sheets) did not comply to wear PPE. The results of statistical analysis showed a connection to the predisposing factors of knowledge (P = 0.005), the enabling factors for the availability of PPE (p = 0.003), and the driving factors for supervision (p = 0.11) and there was no connection between the variables of age (p = 0.474), attitude (p = 0.157), education (p = 1,000) with compliance to wear PPE.
Conclusion: suggested that companies can consistently provide an understanding PPE and be firm in compliance to wear PPE.
Key Words: compliance PPE, Workers, PPE on Workers
Hubungan Sanitasi Rumah dengan Kejadian Penyakit Common Cold di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bandar Kabupaten Bener Meriah
Authors: Magfirah Afdalul Aan , Muslima Lia , Sabdi M 
Published: September 2021

Abtrak
Latar Belakang: Common Cold adalah infeksi yang terjadi di nasofaring dan hidung, salah satu upaya untuk mencegah penyakit Common Cold adalah kebersihan lingkungan rumah atau sanoitasi. Di Aceh jumlah penyakit common cold masuk dalam peringkat pertama dari 10 besar penyakit terbanyak.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini bersifat diskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pengujung puskesmas berobat di puskesmas Bandar Kabupaten Bener Meriah sebanyak 138 KK. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dimana jumlah sampel 58 responden. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 58 responden mayoritas sanitasi rumah responden Tidak Memenuhi Syarat sebanyak 43 responden (74,1%), dan mayoritas kejadian Common Cold sebanyak 40 responden (69,0%). Uji statistik Chi Square dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan sanitasi rumah dengan kejadian common cold diperoleh p- value 0,000 (P ≤ 0,05). Kesimpulan: Hal ini menunjukkan secara statistis bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara sanitasi rumah dengan kejadian common cold, Disarankan kepada responden agar dapat meningkatkan atau menjaga sanitasi rumah yang sehat sehingga terhindar dari kejadian penyakit common cold.
Kata kunci: Common Cold ,Perilaku Merokok, Sanitasi

Abstract
Background: Common cold is a primary infection of the nasopharynx and nose Sanitation is an effort to prevent disease that focuses on activities for the health of the human environment.This type of research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional design.
Method: The population in this study were all patients seeking treatment at the Puskesmas Bandar, Bener Meriah Regency, as many as 138 families. Sampling was carried out using the Slovin formula where the number of samples was 58 respondents. The study was conducted from 25 November to 5 December 2020 using a questionnaire.
Result: The results of this study indicate that of the 58 respondents the majority of respondents' home sanitation does not meet the requirements as many as 43 respondents (74.1%), and the majority of common cold incidents are 40 respondents (69.0%). Based on the results of the Chi Square statistical test and at the 95% level of confidence, it was carried out to determine the relationship between home sanitation and the incidence of common cold, the P value was obtained (P ≤ 0.05).
Conlusion: This shows statistically that there is a significant relationship between home sanitation and common cold.
Key Words: common cold,Smoking Behavior, sanitation.
Fogyatékos személyek médiareprezentációja a reklámokban - egy célzott, rövid kutatás bemutatása
Authors: Nagy Zoltána Gréta , Kármán Bianka 
Published: September 2021

Háttér és célok: A kutatás során a fogyatékos személyek reklámokban történő megjelenítését vizsgáltuk. A téma aktuális és jelentőségteljes, ugyanis a fogyatékossággal élő személyek reprezentációi egyszerre tükrözik és befolyásolják az érintett populáció adott korban fennálló társadalmi integrációját, felfedik a sztereotípiákat és alakítják azokat (Fraser, 2018).
Módszer: A kutatás során a tartalomelemzés módszerét alkalmazva egy vezető hazai kereskedelmi televíziós csatorna, a TV2 két héten keresztül, főműsoridőben sugárzott reklámanyagát monitoroztuk 2020 januárjában. Kutatási kérdéseink arra irányultak, hogy milyen gyakorisággal, szerepben és milyen típusú fogyatékosság esetén jelennek meg a fogyatékos személyek ezen időszak reklámblokkjaiban az említett csatornán.
Eredmények: A kutatás során összesen megfigyelt, 789 perc 33 másodperc időtartamú reklámanyagban 6 alkalommal, összesen 4 másodperc 48 századmásodperc időtartamban szerepelt fogyatékossággal élő személy. Mindkét reklám kerekesszékes személyt jelenített meg, akik segítségre és gondoskodásra szoruló személyekként szerepeltek a látott reklámokban.
Következtetések: A megfigyelt csatornán és időszakban fogyatékos emberek elenyésző mértékben jelentek meg a sugárzott reklámokban. Ezalatt a kis számú megjelenés alatt is szentimentális retorikában jelentek meg a fogyatékos személyek, mint segítségre szoruló emberek.
Kulcsszavak: a fogyatékosság megjelenítése; fogyatékosság a reklámokban; média és fogyatékosság; médiareprezentáció; fogyatékoskép
Calculation of the cost-effectiveness
of subcutaneous administration
of trastuzumab
Authors: Omarova I. M. , Nurketaeva J. O. , Dorogan D. D. 
Published: September 2021

Rational selection of medicines with an assessment of
their pharmacoeconomic effectiveness is the most effective
way to ensure safe and efficient treatment and economical
use of budget funds allocated for drug therapy, as well as to
reduce the time of hospitalization and treatment of patients.
The purpose of the research was to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic effectiveness of using the subcutaneous and
intravenous forms of drug Trastuzumab.
Research tasks:
1. Estimate costs when using subcutaneous trastuzumab in an outpatient chemotherapy room (OCR).
2. Estimate costs when using intravenous trastuzumab
in a day patient department (DPD)
3. Estimate costs when using intravenous trastuzumab
in a round-the-clock hospital
Results: The paper presents the pharmacoeconomic
analysis of targeted therapy with trastuzumab in two forms
for intravenous (IV) administration and trastuzumab emtansine for subcutaneous (SC) administration in breast cancer
by cost minimization method.
The costs include the cost of used drugs according to the
price-list of the unified national distributor SK Pharmacia as
of January 1, 2018.
At comparable efficacy and toxicity, the estimated
cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab per 100 patients per year
is KZT16,939,600 ($50,972) for SC administration in OCR and
IV administration in DPD vs. KZT41,783,200 ($125,728) for SC
administration in OCR and IV administration in a round-theclock hospital.
The use of in vivo dosimetry within the
combined treatment of uterine body
cancer
Authors: Sukhina O. M. , Sukhin V. S. , Radzishevska Y. B. , Sіmbіrova A. S. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Radiotherapy is the standard post-surgery
treatment in patients with uterine cancer. However, radiotherapy affects 90.0–100.0% of the volume of risk organs. Information on the actual dose delivered to critical structures is needed
to ensure the quality of radiotherapy.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact
of the type of ionizing radiation on the dose load on the rectal
mucosa using in vivo dosimetry.
Results: At the first and tenth sessions of treatment using a
cobalt apparatus, the in vivo dosimetry showed that the minimum value of the dose received during the tenth cycle was
higher by 0.1 Gy. That is, the deviations from the planned dose
were less at the same maximum values. Both the average value
and the median during the tenth cycle were also moderately
higher. The relative difference between the dose planned and
received during the tenth cycle was higher than during the first
cycle by an average of 1.12575%, with a median of 0.82214.
When conducting radiotherapy using a linear accelerator, the
average and median values were higher in the second measurement despite almost identical minimum and maximum
values. The relative difference between the planned and received doses during the tenth cycle was higher than during
the first cycle by an average of 0.55619%, with a median of
0.42948.
Conclusion: The conducted study showed an intro- and
interindividual variability of in vivo dosimetry results during
radiotherapy of genital cancer patients. In vivo dosimetric
control showed that the relative difference between the doses
calculated and received by the rectal mucosa upon reaching of
20.0 Gy dose in comparison to the first irradiation cycle were
twice higher on the ROCUS-AM cobalt apparatus vs. the Clinac
600 C linear accelerator.
The data obtained during the investigation indicates the
need to develop innovative approaches to topometric preparation of genital cancer patients and to continue their dosimetric monitoring to establish the causes of discrepancies in the
results.
Lung cancer in Kazakhstan:
age-gender features
Authors: Kaidarova D. R. , Shatkovskaya O. V. , Zholdybay Zh. Zh. , Zhylkaidarova A. Zh. , Panina A. S. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Over the years, lung cancer (LC) remains
the leading cause of cancer deaths in Kazakhstan. In
2018, LC was diagnosed in 3741 people in the RK, and
2377 dies from LC.
The purpose of this study was to assess the age-gender characteristics of morbidity and mortality from LC in
Kazakhstan based on statistical and literature data.
Results: The conducted analysis by gender and age
showed a consistent and significant increase in LC mortality in the RK, starting from the age of 40-44 years. The
highest incidence and mortality were registered in the age
groups of 65-69 years and 70+ years. In general, in all age
categories, the incidence and mortality in men exceeded
the incidence and mortality in women by 4.5–5.3 times.
The highest mortality in men and women of all ages was
registered in 2009 (34.3‰₀₀ and 6.9‰₀₀, respectively), the
lowest – in 2019 (20.8‰₀₀ in men and 4.6‰₀₀ in women).
Conclusions: The results of the assessment can be
used to improve early diagnosis of LC and in the preparation of national screening programs and regional pilot
projects for LC prevention and the identification of risk
groups. The use of the results will contribute to increasing
the effectiveness of treatment, improving the five-year
survival of patients, reducing the level of neglect and mortality from LC.
The role of A.N. Syzganov
and N.F. Kramchaninov
in the study of epidemiology, etiology,
and prevention of cancer
Authors: Dynjak А. К. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Many issues of cancer epidemiology are not
resolved, the incidence remains high. In 1960, Kazakhstani scientists studied the regional features of skin cancer. Many questions and conclusions which modern scientists have come to in
the world have been previously studied and resolved in detail by
domestic researchers. It is worth to analyze this data, expand its
academic circulation, use it in science and practice, and specify
the possibilities for resolving cancer prevention issues.
Diagnostics and treatment of hemodynamic
disorders in cancer patients:
current trends and own experience
Authors: ARYNOV A. A. , SHAPATOVA N. Z. , SMAGINA I. М. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Hemodynamic disorders occupy a central position among pathological syndromes in patients receiving intensive care. Still, their diagnostics and treatment are sometimes delayed, and hemodynamic parameters and types of blood
circulation are misinterpreted. This adds to the severity of such disorders and increases mortality.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the diagnostics and treatment of hemodynamic disorders in cancer patients.
Results: The applied methods of clinical diagnostics and non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic parameters correlated
well with invasive monitoring methods and have proven useful in the everyday practice of intensive care.
Conclusion: A combination of methods of clinical diagnosis of hemodynamic disorders and with modern non-invasive
methods of measuring central hemodynamics parameters allows for earlier and more accurate diagnostics and correction of
hemodynamic disorders in the perioperative period in cancer patients.
The role of A.N. Syzganov and
N.F. Kramchaninov in the study of epidemiology,
etiology, and prevention of cancer
Authors: DYNYAK А. К. 
Published: September 2021

Many issues of cancer epidemiology are not resolved; the incidence remains high. In 1960, Kazakhstani scientists studied
the regional features of skin cancer. Many questions and conclusions which modern scientists have come to in the world have
been previously studied and resolved in detail by domestic researchers. It is worth to analyze this data, expand its academic
circulation, use it in science and practice, and specify the possibilities for resolving cancer prevention issues.
Immediate results of electrochemotherapy for
malignant tumors of the skin and soft tissues,
cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases
of melanoma
Authors: TULEUOVA D. A. , SERIKBAEV G. A. , KURMANALIEV A. K. , PYSANOVA J. U. , NAJIBULO Sh. P. , VOSKANYAN E. A. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Surgical removal of locally advanced forms of skin cancer and multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma does not always provide satisfactory aesthetic, functional, and long-term results. The treatment outcomes
depend on the size, shape, location, and some other characteristics of the tumor. The relapse rate after surgical removal of
locally advanced skin cancer is 12.5-34%, and the long-term survival of patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases
of melanoma does not exceed 30%. Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma and some superficial tumors are
usually initially inoperable. Their complications such as bleeding, infection, pain, and pitting cause serious clinical problems
and often require local therapy even at the 4th stage of the disease.
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is one of the modern treatment methods for skin cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and metastatic
melanoma. ECT is a treatment of choice in the presence of contraindications to surgical and radiation therapy. ECT combines
the physical properties of current-induced electroporation with the chemical properties of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this
method, an electric current affecting the tissue causes a temporary increase in cell membrane permeability, thereby providing
free access to the cell of large molecules, including cytostatic drugs, which are not initially transferred to the cytosol. This significantly increases the potential toxicity of cytostatic drugs.
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the immediate results of ECT in patients with malignant tumors of the skin,
soft tissue, cutaneous, and subcutaneous melanoma metastases.
Results: Since 2017, 27 patients were treated by ECT at the Centre for bone and soft tissue tumors and melanomas of Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology (Almaty, Kazakhstan). After two months, 67% of patients had a complete response
(CR), 26% – a partial response (PR), and 7% had progression of the tumor. Side effects included local edema (n=13, 40%)
which independently disappeared within several days to 2 weeks, local pains (12%) which disappeared within six months in 3%
and within a month after treatment in 11%, and hyperthermia in the early postoperative period in 6% of patients which was
stopped within 10-15 min after the procedure.
Kidney cancer epidemiology in Kazakhstan,
2010-2019
Authors: UMURZAKOV K. , KAIDAROVA D. , APSALIKOV B. , SHALGUMBAYEVA G. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Kidney cancer is among the most common oncourological malignancies, which incidence is currently growing.
Risk factors for kidney cancer include tobacco smoking, overweight, and a history of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases.
Kidney cancer is twice more often in men than in women.
The purpose was to study the epidemiological trends in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019 years.
Results: In the study period, the kidney cancer incidence increased from 5.64 to 6.74, and mortality decreased from 2.65 to
1.96 per 100 000 population. Both unadjusted and standardized incidence was high at the age of 50-69 years in both sexes.
The incidence decreased in the age group below 29, was stable at the age of 30-49, was unstable at the age of 50-69, and was
growing at 70 years and above. Unadjusted mortality was high at the age of 70 and above. Standardized mortality was high
at the age of 50-69.
Conclusion: In Kazakhstan, in 2010-2019, there was an increase in kidney cancer incidence against the background of a
decrease in mortality from this disease. The most unfavorable in terms of incidence was the age group of 50-69 years in both
sexes. The highest absolute mortality was registered at the age of 70 and above, while standardized mortality rates were the
highest at 50-69.
The peculiarities
of emotional and mental resources
of the Republic of Kazakhstan
cancer service medical workers
Authors: KHUSAINOVA I. , NADIRBEKOVA A. , BAIBATYR N. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Medical workers render assistance in conditions of constant increased emotional stress. They experience various psychological problems, a decrease in emotional and mental resources. A marked decrease in medical workers’ emotional
resources makes it difficult to establish psychological contact with the patient, complicates patient interaction and providing
the necessary emotional support, and adversely affects the preservation of medical workers’ emotional stability, psychological
reliability, and professional image.
The study aimed to reveal the peculiarities of emotional and mental resources of cancer clinic medical workers.
Results: The study showed that a successful professional activity of a medical worker requires such psychic features as a
high level of communicative competence in dealing with patients and their relatives; a medical worker’s independence and
autonomy, self-confidence, and stability in various situations, combined with flexible behavior in changing non-standard professional situations; a high degree of resistance to stress, emotional and informational overload; the presence of developed
adaptation and compensation mechanisms.
Conclusion: The formedness of a medical worker’s mental self-regulation methods and techniques, mastering psychological and emotional adaptation and compensation mechanisms contribute to the development and formation of high emotional stability, the ability to withstand stress, and increase job satisfaction.
Radiation diagnostics of peripheral primitive
neuroectodermal tumors (PNET)
in children at the Scientific Center
of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery
(Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Authors: IBRAGIMOV U. , SARGELOV S. , ENSEPBAEV M. , TAYNEKOVA A. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (primitive neuroectodermal tumor – PNET) belongs to the group
of malignant tumors that develop from migrating embryonic neural crest cells. PNET includes several nosological forms: Askin’s
tumor, esthesioneuroblastoma, the very peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and Ewing’s sarcoma. PNET accounts for
3–9% of all soft tissue tumors and 19% of all soft tissue sarcomas in children. In Europe and the US, PNETs account for 3.4 cases
per year per 1 million children below 15 years; in Kazakhstan – 0.6-1.2 cases per 1 million child population. Rapid tumor growth,
malignancy, and early metastasis to other organs and systems predetermine the PNET’s specific role in oncology.
The purpose of the study was to improve the quality and availability of early sarcoma diagnostics in children at medical
institutions of the general medical network.
Results: 35 cases of peripheral PNET in children were analyzed. The age of the patients was 1.5 to 17 years, the average age –
9.3 years. Boys were 1.3 times more than girls. One patient (3.6%) had extra-skeletal tumor localization. Children with stage IIB
prevailed – 46.4% of cases (13 children).
Radiographical differentiation between Ewing’s sarcoma and primary chronic or “healed” (antibiotic) acute hematogenous
osteomyelitis in the initial phase of the process is almost impossible before the extraosseous soft tissue component is formed.
The bone damage process is more often localized in the bone diaphysis and subsequently spreads to its metaphyses.
Conclusion: PNET is more likely to come from the chest wall, so it is advisable to start the X-ray examination from the chest.
In terms of radiation semiotics, PNET is similar to Ewing’s sarcoma and Askin’s tumor; therefore, an additional immunohistochemical study of the tumor tissue is required. An important indirect diagnostic criterion in Ewing’s sarcoma is the predominance of the soft tissue component over the bone manifestations. Extended CT and MRI studies with contrast enhancement
(chest, abdominal cavity, pelvis, and the primary lesion area) and skeletal scintigraphy are required to clarify the extent of
changes, stage the tumor accurately, and assess the tumor dynamics after treatment. The above conclusions generally confirm
the available literature data.