bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the surrogate gradient method for a multi-item single-machine dynamic lot size scheduling problem
Authors: Kobayashi Minoru 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study treats a multi-item single-machine dynamic lot size scheduling problem with sequence-independent setup cost and setup time. This problem has various heterogeneous decision features, such as lot sizing and lot sequencing. Traditionally, the problem has been treated by putting artificial constraints on the other feature in order to determine one of them. The proposed model is a Lagrange decomposition and coordination method that aims at simultaneous optimization of these decision features; however, smooth convergence to a feasible near-optimal solution has been a problem. So, in this paper, we propose a model that improves the constraint equation of the existing model and showed that it satisfies the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition when we obtained a feasible solution. In addition, by applying the surrogate gradient method, which has never been applied to this problem before, it was shown that smoother convergence than before can be achieved through actual example of printed circuit board.
Natural variation and artificial selection of photoperiodic flowering genes and their applications in crop adaptation
Authors: Lin Xiaoya , Fang Chao , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFlowering links vegetative growth and reproductive growth and involves the coordination of local environmental cues and plant genetic information. Appropriate timing of floral initiation and maturation in both wild and cultivated plants is important to their fitness and productivity in a given growth environment. The domestication of plants into crops, and later crop expansion and improvement, has often involved selection for early flowering. In this review, we analyze the basic rules for photoperiodic adaptation in several economically important and/or well-researched crop species. The ancestors of rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are short-day plants whose photosensitivity was reduced or lost during domestication and expansion to high-latitude areas. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) are long-day crops whose photosensitivity is influenced by both latitude and vernalization type. Here, we summarize recent studies about where these crops were domesticated, how they adapted to photoperiodic conditions as their growing area expanded from domestication locations to modern cultivating regions, and how allelic variants of photoperiodic flowering genes were selected during this process. A deeper understanding of photoperiodic flowering in each crop will enable better molecular design and breeding of high-yielding cultivars suited to particular local environments.
Sexual Function in Chinese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Correlation with Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics
Authors: Tian Xuanxuan , Ruan Xiangyan , Du Juan , Wang Juan , Yin Dongmei , Cheng Jiaojiao , Ju Rui , Mueck Alfred O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate sexual function in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the correlation with clinical and biochemical characteristics. A cross-sectional study was designed in 1000 PCOS women, aged 18–45 years, via the Chinese version of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) evaluating sexual function, with additional questions possibly related to sexual life. Clinical and biochemical characteristics likely to affect sexual function were determined, including anthropometric indicators, serum levels of hormones, luteinizing hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone ratio (LH/FSH ratio), prolactin (PRL), total testosterone (TT), free androgen index (FAI), sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), glucose, and lipid metabolism indicators. Nine hundred ten PCOS women participated in the study, 685 patients were included after screening, and 211 were suitable to detect correlations of clinical and biochemical characteristics with sex function parameters. The mean total FSFI score was 24.19 ± 2.8; 79.56% of the women were at risk of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Women doing regular aerobic exercise and use of contraception had higher FSFI scores, while those with a desire to conceive and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism had lower FSFI scores. There were negative associations of FSFI scores with age and body fat distribution. No significant associations between FSFI scores and hormonal factors (surprisingly including SHBG) were found, except for total testosterone and satisfaction (OR = 0.976, p = 0.002). HOMA-IR was significantly related to reduced desire score (OR = 0.914, p = 0.004) and lubrication score (OR = 0.964, p = 0.044). PCOS was associated with a high risk of FSD (defined according to FSFI) in about 80% of the women in our study, and clinical characteristics play a more important role.
Male Sexual Dysfunctions in the Infertile Couple–Recommendations From the European Society of Sexual Medicine (ESSM)
Authors: Capogrosso Paolo , Jensen Christian Fuglesang S. , Rastrelli Giulia , Torremade Josep , Russo Giorgio I. , Raheem Amr Abdel , Frey Anders , Fode Mikkel , Maggi Mario , Reisman Yacov , Bettocchi Carlo , Corona Giovanni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionSexual dysfunctions (SDs) have been frequently reported among male partners of infertile couples due to psychogenic, relational and/or organic issues related with the inability to conceive. Likewise, male infertility (MI) could be a consequence of sexual dysfunctions.AimTo review the evidence on the prevalence and treatment of male SDs in men of infertile couples and provide clinical recommendations on behalf of the European Society of Sexual Medicine (ESSM).MethodsThe MEDLINE database was searched in September 2019 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs), meta-analyses and open-label prospective or retrospective studies investigating the presence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and/or ejaculatory dysfunctions (EjDs) and/or low sexual desire (LSD) in conjunction with infertility.Main Outcome MeasureThe panel provided statements on: (i) Prevalence and association between SDs and MI; (ii) Treatment of male SDs in men of infertile couples.ResultsED has been reported in 9% to 62% of male partners of infertile couples, with severe impairment observed in only 1% to 3% of ED cases. Moreover, worse semen parameters have been associated with greater ED severity. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) can be safely used to treat ED among patients seeking fatherhood. Male partners of infertile couples are at higher risk of premature ejaculation (PE). Retrograde ejaculation (RE) and anejaculation are a cause of MI and can be managed with electroejaculation (EEJ) or penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) or, alternatively, with oral treatments, however the latter with limited documented success. Low sexual desire has been reported by one third of men of infertile couples.ConclusionED could significantly affect male partners of infertile couple; PDE5is should be suggested to ensure an effective and satisfactory sexual relationship of the couple. Anejaculation and RE should be considered as a possible cause of MI and treated accordingly. Low sexual desire is frequently reported among men of infertile couple and could be a symptom of other systemic conditions or psychological distress.
Annual cycle of growth and population structure of the estuarine crabHemigrapsus crenulatus(Brachyura: Varunidae) off central Chile
Authors: Riquelme-Bugueño Ramiro A. , Luppi Tomás , Saldías Gonzalo S. , Lagos Marcelo E. , Urbina Mauricio A. , Retamal Marco A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEstuaries and saltmarshes play a fundamental role in the life cycle of many crab species. Diverse studies show that temperature and salinity modulate abundance, size frequency distribution (SFD), sex ratio and growth in crustaceans. These population parameters are usually challenging to estimate due to the high environmental variability of estuaries. Monthly samples of the estuarine crabHemigrapsus crenulatuswere taken from October 2003 to October 2004 (except July 2004) in the Tubul estuary, central Chile. We quantified temporal changes in abundance, size distribution, sex ratio and monthly growth through the annual cycle. A total of 1025 individuals were collected. Sizes ranged from 7.72–33.51 mm carapace length (CL) with a growth rate ranging between 2.13–30.5% mm CL mo−1. Size and growth rates were greater in spring-summer, suggesting a faster growth of younger crabs correlated with increasing sea temperatures in the austral summer. Overall, sex ratio was 1.75:1 in favour of males. Modal analysis identified at least seven cohorts cohabiting throughout the annual cycle. Growth parameters for males and females were the following, respectively:L∞ = 33.6 and 29.6,k= 0.69 and 0.91,t0= –0.39 and −0.28. Changes in size distribution suggested a recruitment period during autumn and winter seasons when there are lower salinities and temperature fluctuations stresses. Generalized linear models indicated that sea temperature, salinity and chlorophyll were the environmental variables that better predicted the annual patterns in the population structure.
Introduction of macroalgae as a source of biodiesel in Iran: analysis of total lipid content, fatty acid and biodiesel indices
Authors: Jeliani Zahra Zarei , Fazelian Nasrin , Yousefzadi Morteza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work was to describe and compare the main fatty acids and biodiesel indices of some green and brown macroalgae (seaweeds) collected from the Persian Gulf, as an alternative raw material for renewable biodiesel production. The macroalgae showed low lipid content (< 10% DW) but marine macroalgae with total lipid content > 5% DW are a good source for biodiesel production. The total lipid content and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of green algae were higher than that of brown algae, while higher accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) was observed in brown seaweeds. Further, the main fatty acid in all studied seaweeds was palmitic acid (C16:0), which was followed by oleic acid (C18:1). The results of this work showed that three of the green algae, especially C. sertularioides, could be a potential source of fatty acids for biodiesel production owing to their high total lipid content, high cold flow indices (long chain saturated factor, cold filter plugging point and cloud point) and a fatty acid profile rich in SFAs with a high amount of C18:1, which is suitable for oil-based bio products. In contrast, the brown seaweeds Sargassum boveanum and Sirophysalis trinodis lipid content had a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which makes them suitable for replacing fish oil.
Individual and environmental correlates of childhood maltreatment and exposure to community violence: Utilizing a latent profile and a multilevel meta-analytic approach
Authors: Estrada Suzanne , Gee Dylan G. , Bozic Ivana , Cinguina Michelle , Joormann Jutta , Baskin-Sommers Arielle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildhood maltreatment (CM) and exposure to community violence (ETV) are correlated with physical/mental health and psychosocial problems. Typically, CM and ETV are examined separately, by subtypes within category, or collapsed across both into one category of adversity. Consequently, research is limited in identifying subgroups of individuals with different amounts of exposure to both CM and ETV. Accordingly, we lack sufficient understanding of the extent to which problems associated with CM and ETV vary based on the amount (i.e. dose) of exposure to both of these experiences.MethodsWe used 20 samples (28,300 individuals) to estimate person-centered profiles of CM and ETV occurrence and co-occurrence within each sample. An individual data multilevel meta-analytic framework was used to determine the average effect size across samples for different profiles and conditional probability correlations within sociodemographic, neighborhood, health, mental health, and psychosocial domains.ResultsThe profile characterized by high levels of CM and high levels of ETV correlated with stressful life events, depression and anxiety symptoms, and general indicators of externalizing behaviors. CM predominant profiles were associated with mental health diagnoses and treatment. ETV predominant profiles associated with risk-taking/violent behavior and neighborhood-level disadvantage. However, nuance based on the dose of CM or ETV was evident.ConclusionsIt is important to identify subgroups based on the amount of exposure to CM and ETV. These subgroups have differential relationships with correlates across domains. Greater delineation and description of the lived experience will allow for more precision in addressing the burden of childhood adversity.
In a bilingual state of mind: Investigating the continuous relationship between bilingual language experience and mentalizing
Authors: Tiv Mehrgol , O’Regan Elisabeth , Titone Debra 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMentalizing, a dynamic form of social cognition, is strengthened by language experience. Past research has found that bilingual children and adults outperform monolinguals on mentalizing tasks. However, bilingual experiences are multidimensional and diverse, and it is unclear how continuous individual differences in bilingual language experience relate to mentalizing. Here, we examine whether individual differences in bilingual language diversity, measured through language entropy, continuously pattern with mentalizing judgments among bilingual adults, and whether this relationship is constrained by first vs. second language reading. We tested sixty-one bilingual adults on a reading and inference task that compared mental state and logical inferences. We found that greater language diversity patterned with higher mentalizing judgments of mental state inferences across all readers, and that L2 readers attributed more mentalizing to logical inferences compared to L1 readers. Together, we found evidence of a positive relationship between continuous individual differences in bilingual language diversity and mentalizing.
Investigating Thaw and Plant Productivity Constraints on Old Soil Carbon Respiration From Permafrost
Authors: Mauritz Marguerite , Pegoraro Elaine , Ogle Kiona , Ebert Christopher , Schuur Edward A. G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIsotopic radiocarbon (Δ14C) signatures of ecosystem respiration (Reco) can identify old soil carbon (C) loss and serve as an early indicator of permafrost destabilization in a warming climate. Warming also stimulates plant productivity causing plant respiration to dominate Reco Δ14C signatures and potentially obscuring old soil C loss. Here, we investigate how a wide spatio‐temporal gradient of permafrost thaw and plant productivity affects Reco Δ14C patterns and isotopic partitioning. Spatial gradients came from a warming experiment with doubling thaw depth and variable biomass, and a vegetation removal manipulation to eliminate plant contributions. We sampled in August and September to capture transitions from high to low plant productivity, decreased surface soil temperature, and relatively small seasonal thaw extensions. We found that surface processes dominate spatial variation in old soil C loss and a process‐based partitioning approach was crucial for constraining old soil C loss. Resampling the same plots in different times of the year revealed that old soil C losses tripled with cooling surface temperature, and the largest old soil C losses were detected when the organic‐to‐mineral soil horizons thawed (∼50–60 cm). We suggest that the measured increase in old soil respiration over the season and when the organic‐to‐mineral horizon thawed, may be explained by mobilization of nitrogen that stimulates microbial decomposition at depth. Our results suggest that soil C in the organic to mineral horizon may be an important source of soil C loss as the entire Arctic region warms and could lead to nonlinearities in projected permafrost climate feedbacks.
Comparison of Current and Future PM2.5 Air Quality in China Under CMIP6 and DPEC Emission Scenarios
Authors: Cheng Jing , Tong Dan , Liu Yang , Yu Sha , Yan Liu , Zheng Bo , Geng Guannan , He Kebin , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) scenarios provide opportunities to explore global climate and pollution mitigation pathways with socioeconomic features, but they might be limited on regional‐scale projections due to inadequate consideration of local policies. Here, we simulated China's PM2.5 air quality with local policy‐based scenarios (Dynamic Projection for Emissions in China (DPEC)) and the CMIP6 scenarios. We found both emission inventories can reproduce China's base‐year PM2.5 and chemical aerosols while using DPEC emissions could better match in‐situ observations. In addition, DPEC mitigation scenarios can better capture China's PM2.5 decline during 2015–2019 (22% under SSP2‐45‐policy and 30% under SSP1‐26‐best) with observations (∼28%) than CMIP6 emissions. With the effects of current‐year bias and inadequate considerations of pollution control policies, PM2.5 projections in 2030 and 2050 with CMIP6 mitigation scenarios are 42%–48% (9–13 μg/m3) and 59%–73% (8–12 μg/m3) higher than projections with DEPC. Our study suggests the community should incorporate more region‐specific environmental policy in future scenario designs.
Spring Festival and COVID‐19 Lockdown: Disentangling PM Sources in Major Chinese Cities
Authors: Dai Qili , Hou Linlu , Liu Bowen , Zhang Yufen , Song Congbo , Shi Zongbo , Hopke Philip K. , Feng Yinchang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResponding to the 2020 COVID‐19 outbreak, China imposed an unprecedented lockdown producing reductions in air pollutant emissions. However, the lockdown driven air pollution changes have not been fully quantified. We applied machine learning to quantify the effects of meteorology on surface air quality data in 31 major Chinese cities. The meteorologically normalized NO2, O3, and PM2.5 concentrations changed by −29.5%, +31.2%, and −7.0%, respectively, after the lockdown began. However, part of this effect was also associated with emission changes due to the Chinese Spring Festival, which led to ∼14.1% decrease in NO2, ∼6.6% increase in O3 and a mixed effect on PM2.5 in the studied cities that largely resulted from festival associated fireworks. After decoupling the weather and Spring Festival effects, changes in air quality attributable to the lockdown were much smaller: −15.4%, +24.6%, and −9.7% for NO2, O3, and PM2.5, respectively.
The Potential for Low‐Grade Metamorphism to Facilitate Fault Instability in a Geothermal Reservoir
Authors: An Mengke , Zhang Fengshou , Min Ki‐Bok , Elsworth Derek , Marone Chris , He Changrong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNative and fluid circulation‐induced metamorphic products may affect the stability of faults in geothermal reservoirs–particularly epidote (Ep) and chlorite (Cl). Our laboratory experiments conducted at hydrothermal conditions show that these two minerals, when precipitated on natural faults, may promote fault instability or failure under conditions typifying a geothermal reservoir. Shear experiments on Ep‐rich fault gouges indicate potentially unstable frictional behavior—more pronounced at elevated temperatures and pore fluid pressures—and indicate increased potential for the nucleation of slip instability relative to that of the host granodiorite gouge. Experimental results indicate in particular that Ep can increase the potential for induced seismicity on existing faults. Increased proportions of Cl in gouges stabilize the faults but apparently lower the frictional strength. Our results reveal that the metamorphic minerals exert a subtle but potentially significant control on fault strength and stability in geothermal reservoirs.
Oleoylethanolamide induces eosinophilic airway inflammation in bronchial asthma
Authors: Kwon Eun-Kyung , Choi Youngwoo , Yoon Il-Hee , Won Ha-Kyeong , Sim Soyoon , Lee Hee-Ra , Kim Hyoung Su , Ye Young-Min , Shin Yoo Seob , Park Hae-Sim , Ban Ga-Young 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAsthma is a chronic eosinophilic inflammatory disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Endocannabinoids are known to have immunomodulatory biological effects. However, the contribution of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) to airway inflammation remains to be elucidated. To investigate the effect of OEA, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines was measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA in airway epithelial (A549) cells. The numbers of airway inflammatory cells and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway hyperresponsiveness, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were examined in BALB/c mice after 4 days of OEA treatment. Furthermore, eosinophil activation after OEA treatment was evaluated by measuring cellular CD69 levels in eosinophils from human peripheral eosinophils using flow cytometry. OEA induced type 2 inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. OEA increased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and IL-33, in A549 cells. In addition, it also induced eosinophilic inflammation, the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and airway hyperresponsiveness. OEA increased the numbers of IL-5- or IL-13-producing ILC2s in a mouse model. Finally, we confirmed that OEA increased CD69 expression (an eosinophil activation marker) on purified eosinophils from patients with asthma compared to those from healthy controls. OEA may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma by activating ILC2s and eosinophils.
COVID-19 and stem cell transplantation; results from an EBMT and GETH multicenter prospective survey
Authors: Ljungman Per , de la Camara Rafael , Mikulska Malgorzata , Tridello Gloria , Aguado Beatriz , Zahrani Mohsen Al , Apperley Jane , Berceanu Ana , Bofarull Rodrigo Martino , Calbacho Maria , Ciceri Fabio , Lopez-Corral Lucia , Crippa Claudia , Fox Maria Laura , Grassi Anna , Jimenez Maria-Jose , Demir Safiye Koçulu , Kwon Mi , Llamas Carlos Vallejo , Lorenzo José Luis López , Mielke Stephan , Orchard Kim , Porras Rocio Parody , Vallisa Daniele , Xhaard Alienor , Knelange Nina Simone , Cedillo Angel , Kröger Nicolaus , Piñana José Luis , Styczynski Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study reports on 382 COVID-19 patients having undergone allogeneic (n = 236) or autologous (n = 146) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) reported to the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) or to the Spanish Group of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (GETH). The median age was 54.1 years (1.0–80.3) for allogeneic, and 60.6 years (7.7–81.6) for autologous HCT patients. The median time from HCT to COVID-19 was 15.8 months (0.2–292.7) in allogeneic and 24.6 months (−0.9 to 350.3) in autologous recipients. 83.5% developed lower respiratory tract disease and 22.5% were admitted to an ICU. Overall survival at 6 weeks from diagnosis was 77.9% and 72.1% in allogeneic and autologous recipients, respectively. Children had a survival of 93.4%. In multivariate analysis, older age (p = 0.02), need for ICU (p < 0.0001) and moderate/high immunodeficiency index (p = 0.04) increased the risk while better performance status (p = 0.001) decreased the risk for mortality. Other factors such as underlying diagnosis, time from HCT, GVHD, or ongoing immunosuppression did not significantly impact overall survival. We conclude that HCT patients are at high risk of developing LRTD, require admission to ICU, and have increased mortality in COVID-19.