bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sophistication in a seemingly simple creature: a review of wild holothurian nutrition in marine ecosystems
Authors: Pierrat Joséphine , Bédier Alexandre , Eeckhaut Igor , Magalon Hélène , Frouin Patrick 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTHolothurians are marine invertebrates that are among the most widespread benthic megafauna communities by both biomass and abundance in shallow‐water and deep‐sea ecosystems, their functions supporting important ecological services worldwide. Despite their simple appearance as sea cucumbers, holothurians show a wide range of feeding practices. However, information on what and how these animals eat is scattered and potentially confusing. We provide a comprehensive review of holothurian nutrition in coastal and deep‐sea ecosystems. First, we describe morphological aspects of holothurian feeding and the ultrastructure of tentacles. We discuss the two processes for food capture, concluding that mucus adhesion is likely the main method; two mucous cells, type‐1 and type‐2, possibly allow the adhesion and de‐adhesion, respectively, of food particles. Secondly, this review aims to clarify behavioural aspects of holothurian suspension‐ and deposit‐feeding. We discuss the daily feeding cycle, and selective feeding strategies. We conclude that there is selectivity for fine and organically rich particles, and that feeding through the cloaca is also a route for nutrient absorption. Third, we provide a wide description of the diet of holothurians, which can be split into two categories: living and non‐living material. We suggest that Synallactida, Molpadida, Persiculida, Holothuriida and Elasipodida, ingest the same fractions, and emphasise the importance of bacteria in the diet of holothurians.
Allergic contact dermatitis from dyes used in the temple of spectacles
Authors: Ahrensbøll‐Friis Ulrik , Simonsen Anne Birgitte , Dahlin Jakob , Isaksson Marléne , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne Duus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe observed an increasing number of patients who presented with facial or retro‐auricular dermatitis after skin contact with plastic spectacles or plastic covered temples.ObjectivesTo identify the allergens in plastic spectacles that may cause allergic contact dermatitis.MethodsAll patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis to eyewear were tested with Solvent Orange 60 (SO60), four additionally with Solvent Yellow 14 (SY14), and five with scrapings from their own spectacles. In one case, a chemical analysis of the spectacles was performed to uncover the causative allergen.ResultsThree patients were allergic to SO60, two patients to SY14, and two patients were allergic to both SO60 and SY14.ConclusionPatients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis from spectacles should be tested with SO60 and SY14, and based on findings from previous reports, also with Solvent Red 179.
A Neural Dynamic Model of the Perceptual Grounding of Spatial and Movement Relations
Authors: Richter Mathis , Lins Jonas , Schöner Gregor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow does the human brain link relational concepts to perceptual experience? For example, a speaker may say “the cup to the left of the computer” to direct the listener's attention to one of two cups on a desk. We provide a neural dynamic account for both perceptual grounding, in which relational concepts enable the attentional selection of objects in the visual array, and for the generation of descriptions of the visual array using relational concepts. In the model, activation in neural populations evolves dynamically under the influence of both inputs and strong interaction as formalized in dynamic field theory. Relational concepts are modeled as patterns of connectivity to perceptual representations. These generalize across the visual array through active coordinate transforms that center the representation of target objects in potential reference objects. How the model perceptually grounds or generates relational descriptions is probed in 104 simulations that systematically vary the spatial and movement relations employed, the number of feature dimensions used, and the number of matching and nonmatching objects. We explain how sequences of decisions emerge from the time‐ and state‐continuous neural dynamics, how relational hypotheses are generated and either accepted or rejected, followed by the selection of new objects or the generation of new relational hypotheses. Its neural realism distinguishes the model from information processing accounts, its capacity to autonomously generate sequences of processing steps distinguishes it from deep neural network accounts. The model points toward a neural dynamic theory of higher cognition.
Dynamics Versus Development in Numerosity Estimation: A Computational Model Accurately Predicts a Developmental Reversal
Authors: Kim Dan , Opfer John E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerceptual judgments result from a dynamic process, but little is known about the dynamics of number‐line estimation. A recent study proposed a computational model that combined a model of trial‐to‐trial changes with a model for the internal scaling of discrete numbers. Here, we tested a surprising prediction of the model—a situation in which children's estimates of numerosity would be better than those of adults. Consistent with the model simulations, task contexts led to a clear developmental reversal: children made more adult‐like, linear estimates when to‐be‐estimated numbers were descending over trials (i.e., backward condition), whereas adults became more like children with logarithmic estimates when numbers were ascending (i.e., forward condition). In addition, adults’ estimates were subject to inter‐trial differences regardless of stimulus order. In contrast, children were not able to use the trial‐to‐trial dynamics unless stimuli varied systematically, indicating the limited cognitive capacity for dynamic updates. Together, the model adequately predicts both developmental and trial‐to‐trial changes in number‐line tasks.
Children's Ideas About What Can Really Happen: The Impact of Age and Religious Background
Authors: Payir Ayse , Mcloughlin Niamh , Cui Yixin Kelly , Davoodi Telli , Clegg Jennifer M. , Harris Paul L. , Corriveau Kathleen H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFive‐ to 11‐year‐old U.S. children, from either a religious or secular background, judged whether story events could really happen. There were four different types of stories: magical stories violating ordinary causal regularities; religious stories also violating ordinary causal regularities but via a divine agent; unusual stories not violating ordinary causal regularities but with an improbable event; and realistic stories not violating ordinary causal regularities and with no improbable event. Overall, children were less likely to judge that religious and magical stories could really happen than unusual and realistic stories although religious children were more likely than secular children to judge that religious stories could really happen. Irrespective of background, children frequently invoked causal regularities in justifying their judgments. Thus, in justifying their conclusion that a story could really happen, children often invoked a causal regularity, whereas in justifying their conclusion that a story could not really happen, they often pointed to the violation of causal regularity. Overall, the findings show that children appraise the likelihood of story events actually happening in light of their beliefs about causal regularities. A religious upbringing does not impact the frequency with which children invoke causal regularities in judging what can happen, even if it does impact the type of causal factors that children endorse.
Linguistic Distributional Knowledge and Sensorimotor Grounding both Contribute to Semantic Category Production
Authors: Banks Briony , Wingfield Cai , Connell Louise 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe human conceptual system comprises simulated information of sensorimotor experience and linguistic distributional information of how words are used in language. Moreover, the linguistic shortcut hypothesis predicts that people will use computationally cheaper linguistic distributional information where it is sufficient to inform a task response. In a pre‐registered category production study, we asked participants to verbally name members of concrete and abstract categories and tested whether performance could be predicted by a novel measure of sensorimotor similarity (based on an 11‐dimensional representation of sensorimotor strength) and linguistic proximity (based on word co‐occurrence derived from a large corpus). As predicted, both measures predicted the order and frequency of category production but, critically, linguistic proximity had an effect above and beyond sensorimotor similarity. A follow‐up study using typicality ratings as an additional predictor found that typicality was often the strongest predictor of category production variables, but it did not subsume sensorimotor and linguistic effects. Finally, we created a novel, fully grounded computational model of conceptual activation during category production, which best approximated typical human performance when conceptual activation was allowed to spread indirectly between concepts, and when candidate category members came from both sensorimotor and linguistic distributional representations. Critically, model performance was indistinguishable from typical human performance. Results support the linguistic shortcut hypothesis in semantic processing and provide strong evidence that both linguistic and grounded representations are inherent to the functioning of the conceptual system. All materials, data, and code are available at https://osf.io/vaq56/.
The value of increased spatial resolution of pesticide usage data for assessing risk to endangered species
Authors: Murphy Erin L. , Eikenberry Steffen , Iacona Gwenllian , Watson Greg , Gerber Leah R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDecision makers often cite data quality as a limitation in environmental management. Value of information approaches evaluate the benefit of new data collection for management outcomes. Pesticide exposure risk assessment for endangered species is one context where data limitations may affect decisions and a value of information type approach could be useful for identifying optimal data quality and resolution. Under the U.S. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for registering pesticides before they can be sold and regularly reviewing pesticides. Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act requires that the EPA consider potential impacts of pesticides to listed endangered species and critical habitats in this process, and for the Services—U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service—to complete a formal Section 7 consultation if the EPA deems it necessary. The current process is time‐intensive, lacks transparency and confidence among stakeholders, and leaves hundreds of unreviewed pesticides on the market. Increasing the resolution of pesticide usage data could address these concerns by improving estimated overlaps between species ranges and pesticide usage. Thus, we evaluated the relative importance of different resolutions of pesticide usage data for assessing expected carbaryl exposure to endangered plant species endemic to California. We found that spatially explicit, township resolution usage data (~36 mile2) excluded 33% of terrestrial plants (55/168) and 51% their critical habitats (27/53) from requiring a Section 7 consultation, while coarser resolution data excluded none. In contrast, the EPA's biological evaluation for carbaryl only excludes 4% of terrestrial plants (nationally) from requiring formal Section 7 consultation. This suggests high‐resolution data could increase pesticide review efficiency and decrease the amount of time pesticides remain on the market without a formal evaluation.
Reproductive plasticity as an advantage of snakes during island invasion
Authors: Fisher Samuel , Fisher Robert N. , Alcaraz Sophie E. , Gallo‐Barneto Ramón , Patino‐Martinez Clara , López‐Jurado Luis Felipe , Cabrera‐Pérez Miguel Ángel , Grismer Jesse L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost invasive species are not studied during their initial colonization of ecosystems to which they were recently introduced. Rather, research is typically performed after invasive species are well established and causing harm to the native biodiversity. Thus, novel adaptations of invasive species during their initial invasions are rarely identified. The California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) is an invasive species in the Canary Islands that originated via escape or release from captive populations. Previous studies have demonstrated several morphological differences between the native California population and the invasive populations on Gran Canaria Island, particularly in regard to color pattern and body mass. In this study, we assessed the reproductive condition of 1,538 museum specimens of L. californiae from the native range, and 668 from Gran Canaria. Our results show that 57.1% of female L. californiae from Gran Canaria were gravid versus 13.4% of those from California. Moreover, average follicle size and clutch size were both greater in the invasive range (20.3 and 65%). In addition, there was a marked phenological shift in the invasive populations, among which follicles appeared 60 days sooner than in the native range. These differences can possibly be attributed to a larger body mass in the invasive populations, a lack of interspecific competition, origination from the pet trade, increased selection for large clutch sizes, and/or increased climate suitability in the invaded habitats. Overall, these reproductive and phenological attributes appear to constitute advantages for L. californiae during the invasion of this newly encountered ecosystem. The phenomenon of reproductive plasticity might generally be advantageous for rapid irruption of snakes on islands.
Clonal cutaneous and neurosyphilis: A pitfall in pseudolymphoma diagnosis
Authors: Yi Lauren G. , Rusu Corina A. , Cropley Thomas G. , Marchi Enrica , Gru Alejandro A. , Greer Kenneth E. , Raghavan Shyam S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSyphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and can cause a wide variety of cutaneous manifestations, most commonly, a papulosquamous eruption of the trunk and extremities. Treatment with penicillin is curative. We report a case of a 69‐year‐old man who presented with recent onset of blurry vision and a nonpainful, nonpruritic eruption of pink‐to‐violaceous dermal nodules on his upper trunk and upper extremities. Biopsies of two separate locations revealed a dense superficial and deep perivascular atypical lymphocytic infiltrate with admixed plasma cells, histiocytes, and eosinophils. Some scattered cells expressed CD30, PD1, BCL‐6, and ICOS. T‐cell receptor (TCR)‐rearrangement showed an identical TCR‐gamma clone between both biopsy specimens. The patient was subsequently seen by ophthalmology and diagnosed with acute anterior uveitis. Rapid plasma reagin was reactive and cerebrospinal fluid studies showed findings consistent with a diagnosis of neurosyphilis. A T. pallidum immunostain of the skin biopsies was performed upon re‐review, and was diffusely positive for spirochetes at the dermal‐epidermal junction and within injured vessels. The patient was treated with penicillin G with near‐resolution of his skin lesions. This case highlights the unusual ability of syphilis to mimic a T‐cell lymphoma with matching clones across two different biopsy sites.
The impact of anti‐hypertensive treatment on foetal growth and haemodynamics in pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes – An explorative study
Authors: Vestgaard Marianne , Al‐Saudi Elaf , Ásbjörnsdóttir Björg , Nørgaard Lone N. , Pedersen Berit Woetman , Ekelund Charlotte Kvist , Ringholm Lene , Andersen Lise Lotte T. , Jensen Dorte M. , Tabor Ann , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the impact of anti‐hypertensive treatment of pregnancy‐induced hypertension on foetal growth and hemodynamics in women with pre‐existing diabetes.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 247 consecutive pregnant women with pre‐existing diabetes (152 type 1 diabetes; 95 type 2 diabetes), where tight anti‐hypertensive treatment was initiated and intensified (mainly with methyldopa) when office blood pressure (BP) ≥135/85 mmHg and home BP ≥130/80 mmHg. Foetal growth was assessed by ultrasound at 27, 33 and 36 weeks and foetal hemodynamics were assessed by ultrasound Doppler before and 1–2 weeks after initiation of anti‐hypertensive treatment.ResultsIn 215 initially normotensive women, anti‐hypertensive treatment for pregnancy‐induced hypertensive disorders was initiated in 42 (20%), whilst 173 were left untreated. Chronic hypertension was present in 32 (13%). Anti‐hypertensive treatment for pregnancy‐induced hypertensive disorders was not associated with foetal growth deviation (linear mixed model, p = 0.681). At 27 weeks, mainly before initiation of anti‐hypertensive treatment, the prevalence of small foetuses with an estimated foetal weight <10th percentile was 12% in women initiating anti‐hypertensive treatment compared with 4% in untreated women (p = 0.054). These numbers were close to the prevalence of birth weight ≤10th percentile (small for gestational age (SGA)) (17% vs. 4%, p = 0.003). Pulsatility index in the umbilical and middle cerebral artery remained stable after the onset of anti‐hypertensive treatment in a representative subgroup (n = 12, p = 0.941 and p = 0.799, respectively).ConclusionThere is no clear indication that antihypertensive treatment causes harm in this particular at‐high‐risk group of pregnant women with diabetes, such that a larger well‐designed study to determine the value of tight antihypertensive control would be worthwhile.
Applications of microneedling for various dermatologic indications with a special focus on pigmentary disorders: A comprehensive review study
Authors: Ziaeifar Elham , Ziaeifar Fatemeh , Mozafarpoor Samaneh , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicroneedling can accelerate skin repair through numerous complex processes triggered by micro‐injuries it produces on the skin surface with very thin needles. The current growth in the application of microneedling in the treatment of cutaneous diseases can be explained by its numerous effects on the skin as reported in the literature. Despite the numerous studies conducted on the application of microneedling in the treatment of skin lesions, its effects on pigmented skin lesions have remained relatively unexplored. The present review comprises an examination of the evidence for the application of microneedling in skin diseases in general and a comprehensive review of the applications of microneedling in pigmentation disorders. The review involved a search of all clinical studies, including trials, case reports, and case series, in the databases MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “microneedling,” “dermal needling,” “percutaneous collagen induction,” “skin needling,” “dermaroller,” and “dermatology disorder.” Pertinent data were extracted from all relevant articles published from 1990 to April 2021, and focused on the application of microneedling in the treatment of pigmented skin lesions. Despite the limited number of available studies, evidence suggests the effectiveness and safety of microneedling in treating vitiligo, melasma, and periorbital hypermelanosis. It is noteworthy that the combination of any type of non‐aggressive needing technique with other effective therapies (especially topical agents and mesotherapy) yields more promising therapeutic results than single therapy for melasma, dark cycles, and vitiligo as the prototype of pigmentary disorders. However, single needling therapy is significantly effective, too.
Optimal factor taxation in a scale free model of vertical innovation
Authors: Annicchiarico Barbara , Antonaroli Valentina , Pelloni Alessandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to study how the tax burden arising from an exogenous stream of public expenditures and transfers should be distributed between labor and capital in a scale‐less endogenous growth model, where the engine of growth are successful innovations. Our laboratory is a prototypical quality ladder model with a labor/leisure choice where research and development productivity is decreasing in the size of the economy. Our contribution is to show that even when labor supply has no effects on growth in the long run, it will still be optimal to tax capital for reasonable parametrizations of the model.
Naked (N) mutant mice carry a nonsense mutation in the homeobox of Hoxc13
Authors: Perez Carlos J. , Mecklenburg Lars , Fernandez Almudena , Cantero Marta , de Souza Tiago Antonio , Lin Kevin , Dent Sharon Y. R. , Montoliu Lluis , Awgulewitsch Alexander , Benavides Fernando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLoss of function mutations in HOXC13 have been associated with Ectodermal Dysplasia‐9, Hair/Nail Type (ECTD9) in consanguineous families, characterized by sparse to complete absence of hair and nail dystrophy. Here we characterize the spontaneous mouse mutation Naked (N) as a terminal truncation in the Hoxc13 (homeobox C13) gene. Similar to previous reports for homozygous Hoxc13 knock‐out (KO) mice, homozygous N/N mice exhibit generalized alopecia with abnormal nails and a short lifespan. However, in contrast to Hoxc13 heterozygous KO mice, N/+ mice show generalized or partial alopecia, associated with loss of hair fibres, along with normal lifespan and fertility. Our data point to a lack of nonsense‐mediated Hoxc13 transcript decay and the presence of the truncated mutant protein in N/N and N/+ hair follicles, thus suggesting a dominant‐negative mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a semi‐dominant and potentially dominant‐negative mutation affecting Hoxc13/HOXC13. Furthermore, recreating the N mutant allele in mice using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing resulted in the same spectrum of deficiencies as those associated with the spontaneous Naked mutation, thus confirming that N is indeed a Hoxc13 mutant allele. Considering the low viability of the Hoxc13 KO mice, the Naked mutation provides an attractive new model for studying ECTD9 disease mechanisms.