bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Unlocking Legal Gridlock in High-Income Countries: How Excessive Litigation Hampers Growth and Harms Democracy”
Authors: Rasquin Christian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on rules of standing in the context of environmental law. With the implementation of the Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making, and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention) in European law, interest groups have become major players in the enforcement of environmental regulations. Although such interest groups can help to reduce enforcement deficits, their involvements create the risk of regulatory gridlock, with excessive litigation lengthening approval processes which can discourage investment in public and private infrastructure. The paper discusses the implementation of the Aarhus Convention in Germany, highlights ways to overcome administrative gridlock and facilitate effective approval procedures. If implemented, these strategies will enable Germany’s economy to remain competitive, supporting the maintenance of the country’s high standard of living and strong welfare state.
A pilot study on the home range and movement patterns of the Andean Fox Lycalopex culpaeus (Molina, 1782) in Cotopaxi National Park, Ecuador
Authors: Castellanos Armando , Castellanos Francisco X. , Kays Roland , Brito Jorge 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study reports movement patterns and home range estimates of an Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) in Cotopaxi National Park in Ecuador, representing the first GPS-tagging of the species. The GPS functioned well during the 197-day tracking period. Home range sizes ranged between 4.9 and 8.1 km2, depending on the estimation method. Movement speeds averaged 0.17 km/h at day versus 0.87 km/h at night, and distance traveled averaged 0.23 km at day versus 0.89 km at night. These preliminary results highlight the importance of collecting unbiased, high-quality data which enables an enhanced understanding on mammal behavior and human/animal interaction.
Mitigation of heat treatment distortion of AA 7075 aluminum alloy by deep cryogenic processing using the Navy C-ring test
Authors: Sonar Tushar , Balasubramanian Visvalingam , Malarvizhi Sudersanan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Heat treatment is a promising approach to advance the mechanical properties of AA 7075 aluminum alloy for aerospace structural applications. Quenching is commonly performed after solutionizing of AA 7075 aluminum alloy to impart supersaturated solid solution condition. It involves rapid cooling of the previously solutionized part to room temperature with water as a quenching medium. It leads to severe distortion of the structural part and deteriorates its surface integrity due to the high thermal residual stresses. This paper reports the distortion behavior of heat-treated AA 7075 aluminum alloy by implementing the standard Navy C-ring test. For precise measurements, the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used. Deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) was executed after conventional heat treatment (CHT) to reduce the tensile residual stresses and mitigate the distortion potential of AA 7075 aluminum alloy. Results showed significant improvement in surface finish and hardness of deep cryogenically treated AA 7075 aluminum alloy. It is attributed to the precipitation of fine spherical second phase particles distributed uniformly in the matrix. The distortion potential of heat-treated AA 7075 aluminum alloy is minimized by 30.7 % by deep cryogenic processing. It is correlated to the counterbalancing of tensile residual stresses in the heat treated part by compressive residual stresses ensued by deep cryogenic quenching.
A fractional study of generalized Oldroyd-B fluid with ramped conditions via local & non-local kernels
Authors: Saeed Syed Tauseef , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Convective flow is a self-sustained flow with the effect of the temperature gradient. The density is nonuniform due to the variation of temperature. The effect of the magnetic flux plays a major role in convective flow. The process of heat transfer is accompanied by mass transfer process; for instance condensation, evaporation and chemical process. Due to the applications of the heat and mass transfer combined effects in different field, the main aim of this paper is to do comprehensive analysis of heat and mass transfer of MHD unsteady Oldroyd-B fluid in the presence of ramped conditions. The new governing equations of MHD Oldroyd-B fluid have been fractionalized by means of singular and non-singular differentiable operators. In order to have an accurate physical significance of imposed conditions on the geometry of Oldroyd-B fluid, the ramped temperature, concentration and velocity are considered. The fractional solutions of temperature, concentration and velocity have been investigated by means of integral transform and inversion algorithm. The influence of physical parameters and flow is analyzed graphically via computational software (MATHCAD-15). The velocity profile decreases by increasing the Prandtl number. The existence of a Prandtl number may reflect the control of the thickness and enlargement of the thermal effect. The classical calculus is assumed as the instant rate of change of the output when the input level changes. Therefore it is not able to include the previous state of the system called the memory effect. Due to this reason, we applied the modern definition of fractional derivatives. Obtained generalized results are very important due to their vast applications in the field of engineering and applied sciences.
Die Theorie mehrseitiger Marktplätze in der US-amerikanischen und deutschen Zusammenschlusskontrolle: Eine empirische Untersuchung für den Mediensektor
Authors: Kuchinke Björn A. 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist die Untersuchung der praktischen Relevanz der aktuellen medientheoretischen Erkenntnisse (insbesondere der Theorie zweiseitiger Märkte (TMT)) in der Zusammenschlussprüfung der US-amerikanischen und deutschen Kartellbehörden. In die Analyse wurden alle im Untersuchungszeitraum von 1999 bis Juli 2016 angemeldeten und dem Mediensektor zurechenbaren Zusammenschlussfällen der FTC und der ATD einbezogen. Analog wurden alle anmeldungspflichtigen Zusammenschlussvorhaben aus den Jahren 1999 bis 2014 in Deutschland untersucht. Zusammenfassend zeigt sich für die Marktabgrenzung und die Prognose der Gefahr der Monopolisierung, dass bisher eine unzulängliche Einbindung der TMT in das Prüfverfahren der Kartellbehörden nachzuweisen ist. Während FTC und DoJ bisher weitgehend auf den Einbezug verzichtet haben, erfolgt dieser in Deutschland bisher wenig systematisch. In 83,33 % der seit 2008 geprüften Fälle wurden die Besonderheiten von Medienmärkten in Deutschland demgemäß gar nicht oder nur sporadisch gewürdigt. Hierdurch kann es aus theoretischer Sicht zu Fehlentscheidungen kommen. Insbesondere besteht die Gefahr der Überschätzung der negativen Wohlfahrtswirkungen bei zeitgleicher Unterschätzung möglicher Effizienzgewinne.
Was ist „Wohlfahrt“ aus verhaltensökonomischer Sicht?
Authors: Schubert Christian 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Einblick in die aktuelle Debatte, wie ökonomische „Wohlfahrt“ zu denken ist, wenn man nicht mehr davon ausgehen kann, dass individuelle Präferenzen vollständig, stabil und konsistent sind. Konkret geht es um Robert Sugdens Vorschlag, ein Opportunity-Kriterium an die Stelle des traditionellen wohlfahrtsökonomischen Fokus auf die Befriedigung gegebener Präferenzen zu setzen. Mit unvollständigen und inkonsistenten Präferenzen erscheint jener Fokus nicht mehr überzeugend. Sugden schlägt vor, die Maximierung der individuellen Chancen anzustreben, jedwede Präferenz zu befriedigen, die ein Individuum in künftigen Perioden potentiell ausprägen könnte. Einige Einwände gegen diesen Ansatz werden diskutiert.
Zweifelhafte Evaluationen von Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie: Eine kritische Diskussion am Beispiel der Thesen Stefan Homburgs
Authors: Siemering Christian 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Volkswirt Stefan Homburg hat sich öffentlich gegen viele der beschlossenen präventiven Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der COVID-19-Pandemie positioniert. Dieser Artikel fasst ausgewählte Thesen und Äußerungen Stefan Homburgs zu diesem Thema zusammen und hinterfragt sie kritisch. Im Ergebnis stellen sich diese oft als nicht hinreichend belegt oder fehlerhaft heraus. Zudem werden Homburgs Thesen in einer irreführenden und selektiven Art und Weise von ihm in den sozialen Netzwerken verbreitet.
Radon concentration in compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas and its release range in residential houses
Authors: Abbasi Akbar , Zakaly Hesham M.H. , Hessien Mahmoud M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Radon (222Rn) exposure in the environment is an important issue, and many pathways exist for radon exposure to humans. One of these pathways is 222Rn release through the consumption of natural gas. The issues of 222Rn concentration measurement techniques and worldwide concentration distribution were reviewed in natural gas, with emphasis on performing an active method to determine 222Rn concentration in LPG and CNG gases used in Cyprus. The obtained results were compared with 222Rn concentration in natural gas worldwide and UNSCEAR reports. The average 222Rn concentration value in LPG gas was observed higher than CNG gas. Also, the 222Rn concentration in LPG and CNG gases was less than the UNSCEAR reported value.
Intervenção Comunitária. Conhecimentos e Práticas da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa
Authors: Bracons Hélia Augusta 
Published: August 2021

Resenha do Livro "Intervenção Comunitária. Conhecimentos e Práticas da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa"
Maria Natália Nunes (coord), Ana Maria Viana, Nuno Serra e Rogério Roque Amaro
Lisboa: Edições Santa Casa, 2017, 136 pp.
Impaired Tubular Secretion of Organic Solutes in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mair Robert D. , Lee Seolhyun , Plummer Natalie S. , Sirich Tammy L. , Meyer Timothy W. 
Published: August 2021

Significance Statement
In patients with CKD, the clearance of waste solutes removed by tubular secretion may be altered to an extent that is disproportionate to the reduction in the GFR. However, an average change in the clearance of secreted waste solutes relative to the GFR in CKD has not been reported, possibly because studies performed so far have included few subjects with advanced CKD. The authors found that the secretory clearance of many waste solutes is reduced relative to the GFR in patients with an eGFR<12 ml/min per 1.73 m2. As patients approach dialysis, to the extent that secreted solutes contribute to uremic symptoms, reductions in fractional clearances of secreted solutes might cause such symptoms to increase out of proportion to the reduction in GFR.

Background
The clearance of solutes removed by tubular secretion may be altered out of proportion to the GFR in CKD. Recent studies have described considerable variability in the secretory clearance of waste solutes relative to the GFR in patients with CKD.

Methods
To test the hypothesis that secretory clearance relative to GFR is reduced in patients approaching dialysis, we used metabolomic analysis to identify solutes in simultaneous urine and plasma samples from 16 patients with CKD and an eGFR of 7±2 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and 16 control participants. Fractional clearances were calculated as the ratios of urine to plasma levels of each solute relative to those of creatinine and urea in patients with CKD and to those of creatinine in controls.

Results
Metabolomic analysis identified 39 secreted solutes with fractional clearance >3.0 in control participants. Fractional clearance values in patients with CKD were reduced on average to 65%±27% of those in controls. These values were significantly lower for 18 of 39 individual solutes and significantly higher for only one. Assays of the secreted anions phenylacetyl glutamine, p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and hippurate confirmed variable impairment of secretory clearances in advanced CKD. Fractional clearances were markedly reduced for phenylacetylglutamine (4.2±0.6 for controls versus 2.3±0.6 for patients with CKD; P<0.001), p-cresol sulfate (8.6±2.6 for controls versus 4.1±1.5 for patients with CKD; P<0.001), and indoxyl sulfate (23.0±7.3 versus 7.5±2.8; P<0.001) but not for hippurate (10.2±3.8 versus 8.4±2.6; P=0.13).

Conclusions
Secretory clearances for many solutes are reduced more than the GFR in advanced CKD. Impaired secretion of these solutes might contribute to uremic symptoms as patients approach dialysis.
Propuesta metodológica para la gestión del sistema indígena de salud intercultural
Authors: Vélez-Álvarez Consuelo , Arias-Giraldo Viviana Andrea , Orozco-Castillo Liliana , Jaramillo-Ángel Claudia Patricia 
Published: August 2021

Dada la lucha de reivindicación de derechos de los pueblos indígenas y sus procesos legislativos, las autoridades sanitarias deben articular la política pública en salud, según necesidades del contexto cultural para garantizar derechos como nutrición, atención con calidad y educación en salud según necesidades. El objetivo de este artículo es aportar es lineamientos metodológicos que contribuyan a adecuar y armonizar un Plan Territorial de Salud Pública con el Sistema Indígena de Salud Propio e Intercultural. Investigación crítico-propositiva, surge de la experiencia del trabajo de campo y análisis documental. Se obtuvo una ruta metodológica con siete etapas, cuya aplicación permite a la autoridad sanitaria un abordaje y gestión de la interculturalidad para el mejoramiento de la política pública en salud y el buen vivir de las comunidades indígenas. La implementación de esta ruta permite asumir las políticas que en materia de inclusión y gestión de interculturalidad en salud se vienen concretando en Colombia en los últimos años.
ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF RAINFALL EROSIVITY INDEX (R) FOR MAJHA REGION, PUNJAB IS A STATE IN NORTHERN, INDIA
Authors: Kumar Prashant 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: This study gives a critical assessment of the rainfall erosivity factor (R) for selected sites in the Majha region, representing different locations use of mean monthly rainfall data.
Methodology: By applying empirical methods, the rainfall intensity for all the locations were obtained and was further determined at three different intervals of 30-minutes, 45-minutes and 60-minutes, respectively. The rainfall erosivity factor (R) was calculated by the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE).
Main Findings: Using RUSLE, the rainfall erosivity factor (R) for each of the locations was measured as follows; EI = 3878.49 (MJmmha-1hr-1), EI = 4013.71 (MJmmha-1hr-1), EI = 4302.24 (MJmmha-1hr-1) for Majha region of Amritsar, Tarntaran and Pathankot respectively. A close observation of the data obtained revealed that as rainfall intensity increased with the duration, the rainfall erosivity index reduced or decreased.
Implications of study: Nevertheless, it is expected that if proper cover crop and management practices are applied despite the region, the study area falls within, rainfall erosivity can be cushioned, thus reducing further erosion tendencies and enhancing food production chances from productive lands within the area.
The novelty of study: The rainfall erosivity factor (R) was calculated by the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE).
Associations between health literacy and information-evaluation and decision-making skills in Japanese adults
Authors: Nakayama Kazuhiro , Yonekura Yuki , Danya Hitomi , Hagihara Kanako 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Health literacy in Japanese people is often low because people find it difficult to evaluate health information and make informed decisions. Clarifying the association between health literacy and the skills to evaluate information and make appropriate decisions (not necessarily limited to health information) would inform efforts to improve health literacy. Therefore, the study objectives were to investigate the following issues using a nationwide survey in Japan: 1) When obtaining information, to what extent do people appropriately evaluate whether the information is reliable, and when making decisions, to what extent do they seek out available options and compare pros and cons based on their own values? 2) How strongly are these skills associated with health literacy and demographic characteristics? 3) What opportunities are available to learn these skills?
Methods
An online questionnaire survey was conducted using a Japanese Internet research company; 3,914 valid responses were received. The measures comprised health literacy (European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire), five items on information evaluation, four items on the decision-making process, and items on the availability and location of learning opportunities. Pearson correlations were calculated to explore the association of health literacy with information-evaluation and decision-making skills. Multivariate analyses were also conducted using these factors as dependent variables.
Results
Less than half of respondents always or often evaluated information and engaged in the decision-making process. Health literacy was significantly correlated with information evaluation and the decision-making process (.26 and .30, respectively). More than 40% of respondents had no learning opportunities. Respondents who did have learning opportunities learned on their own, rather than at school or work, using sources such as the Internet and television.
Conclusions
Both information-evaluation and decision-making skills were associated with health literacy. However, these skills are not sufficiently widespread in Japan, because there are few opportunities to learn them. More research is needed to raise awareness of the importance of these skills for improving health literacy, and to provide appropriate learning opportunities. Additionally, an environment must be created in which all individuals can easily receive support at any time, so that they can make appropriate decisions based on reliable information.
Efficacy of Manual Acupuncture Versus Placebo Acupuncture for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Gad) in Perimenopause Women : Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Xin , Xie Xiaoyan , Li Yingjia , Li Meichen , Wang Yuting , Wang Nanbu , Liao Muxi , Zhuang Lixing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common among perimenopause women. Drug treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy have their pros and cons. Acupuncture may be an effective treatment for GAD, but evidence is limited. The pathogenesis of GAD is not yet clear, but it is related to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and its excretion, cortisol (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The object of this study is to assess the efficacy of manual acupuncture (MA) versus placebo acupuncture (PA) for perimenopause women with GAD. MethodsThis study is a single center, randomized, double blind clinical trial that will be conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 112 eligible GAD patients will be randomly assigned (1:1) to receive MA (n=56) or PA (n=56) three times per week for four weeks. The primary outcome measure will be the score of GAD-7. The secondary outcome measures will be the score of HAMA and PSQI, and the level of CORT and ACTH. The evaluation will execute at baseline, 2 weeks, the end of the treatment and a follow-up period. All main analyses will be carried out based on the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. DiscussionThis study intends to conduct to compare the efficacy between MA and PA in the treatment of perimenopause woman with GAD, and to further study the mechanisms of effect. Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR2100046604. Registered on 22 May 2021. URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Single-Incision Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial (SCAR Trial)
Authors: Kang Sung Il , Woo In Teak , Bae Sung Uk , Yang Chun-Seok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Although single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) was introduced decades ago, it is still considered a difficult technique to perform compared to conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA). In addition, controversy about the benefits of SILA compared to CLA abounds and no definite criteria for choosing SILA over CLA in patients with appendicitis currently exist. Therefore, we have planned a multi-center randomized controlled trial to compare SILA with CLA in terms of cosmetic satisfaction and pain reduction. Methods: Patients diagnosed with appendicitis at the participating centers will be recruited and allocated into either a CLA or an SILA groups using a 1:1 randomization. Patients in the CLA group will receive a conventional 3-port laparoscopic appendectomy and patients in the SILA group will receive a laparoscopic appendectomy using a single-incision at the umbilicus. The primary trial endpoint is cosmetic satisfaction assessed using the Patients and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) at 6 weeks after surgery. Secondary trial endpoints include cosmetic satisfaction assessed via the Body Image Questionnaire, pain levels assessed via the Visual Analog Scale and International Pain Outcomes questionnaire, and the presence of postoperative complications. The target sample size of this superiority trial is 120 patients, as this will provide 80% power at the 2.5% level of significance to detect a 3-point difference in POSAS. Discussion: The results of this planned multi-center randomized controlled trial will provide substantive evidence to help surgeons choose when to use SILA over CLA in patients with appendicitis.Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Registered on 21 May, 2020 (KCT0005048). https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=16171