bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harold Wilson, ‘Selsdon Man’, and the defence of social democracy in 1970s Britain
Authors: Sloman Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Harold Wilson's attack on ‘Selsdon Man’ in the run-up to the 1970 general election has generally been seen as a flawed rhetorical gambit, which inadvertently gave coherence to Edward Heath's policies. The subsequent invocation of ‘Selsdon’ by critics of Heath's ‘u-turns’ has meant that the episode has mainly attracted scrutiny from historians of the Conservative Party. Yet the debate over Selsdon can also be seen as a landmark in Wilson's transition from the ‘modernizing’ politics of the 1960s to a more defensive posture, in which he presented Labour as a bulwark against regressive market-liberal policies. This article explores Wilson's critique of the ‘new Conservatism’ and argues that the themes which he established in 1970 played an important role in framing Labour's opposition to the Heath government during the subsequent Parliament. In particular, his focus on the distributional effects of Tory policies dovetailed with an emerging body of social science research on income and wealth and so contributed to a ‘rediscovery of inequality’. In the turbulent economic climate of the mid-1970s, however, Labour's efforts to protect working-class households from the effects of market pricing proved difficult to sustain in office. The rise and fall of this politics of ‘decommodification’ has important implications for our understanding of the changing fortunes of British social democracy.
Inhalation of Tungsten Metal Particulates Alters the Lung and Bone Microenvironments Following Acute Exposure
Authors: Miller Kara , McVeigh Charlotte M , Barr Edward B , Herbert Guy W , Jacquez Quiteria , Hunter Russell , Medina Sebastian , Lucas Selita N , Ali Abdul-Mehdi S , Campen Matthew J , Bolt Alicia M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Inhalation of tungsten particulates is a relevant route of exposure in occupational and military settings. Exposure to tungsten alloys is associated with increased incidence of lung pathologies, including interstitial lung disease and cancer. We have demonstrated, oral exposure to soluble tungsten enhances breast cancer metastasis to the lungs through changes in the surrounding microenvironment. However, more research is required to investigate if changes in the lung microenvironment, following tungsten particulate exposure, can drive tumorigenesis or metastasis to the lung niche. This study examined if inhalation to environmentally relevant concentrations of tungsten particulates caused acute damage to the microenvironment in the lungs and/or systemically using a whole-body inhalation system. Twenty-four female BALB/c mice were exposed to Filtered Air, 0.60 mg/m3, or 1.7 mg/m3 tungsten particulates (&lt;1 µm) for 4 h. Tissue samples were collected at days 1 and 7 post-exposure. Tungsten accumulation in the lungs persisted up to 7 days post-exposure and produced acute changes to the lung microenvironment including increased macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, and an increased percentage of activated fibroblasts (alpha-smooth muscle actin+). Exposure to tungsten also resulted in systemic effects on the bone, including tungsten deposition and transient increases in gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, acute whole-body inhalation of tungsten particulates, at levels commonly observed in occupational and military settings, resulted in changes to the lung and bone microenvironments that may promote tumorigenesis or metastasis and be important molecular drivers of other tungsten-associated lung pathologies such as interstitial lung disease.
Neurological Manifestations Associated with Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompetent Children: Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Monteiro Vinícius Silva , Baía-da-Silva Djane Clarys , Silva Valderjane Aprigio , Pivoto João Guilherme Augusto , Marinho Eveny Perlize Melo , Cubas-Vega Nadia Carolina , Val Fernando Fonseca Almeida , Perez-Gomez Aline Stephanie , Monte Rossiclea Lins , Mota Adolfo , Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães , Souza Bastos Michele 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An increasing number of reports have described human parvovirus B19 infection in association with a variety of neurological manifestations, especially in children. This study assessed the clinical and laboratory outcomes found in a case series of immunocompetent children who tested positive for parvovirus B19 by qualitative polymerase chain reaction assays of cerebrospinal fluid, in a tertiary referral center in the western Brazilian Amazon. We screened 178 children with clinically diagnosed central nervous system infections (meningoencephalitis). Of these, five (2.8%) were positive for parvovirus B19. A literature review also presented herein identified a further 50 cases of parvovirus B19 with neurological manifestations. Thus, even if the classic signs of parvovirus B19 infection are absent, such as the well-known rash, children with signs of neurological infection should also be evaluated for parvovirus B19 infection.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Leptospira sp. among different groups in the Jordanian population: first study
Authors: Obaidat M M , Malania L , Bani Salman A E , Dreyfus A , Arner R J , Roess A A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Leptospirosis is re-emerging as a major public health problem worldwide. However, there are limited data on the disease from the Middle East, including from Jordan, despite recent outbreaks occurring in Jordan's neighbouring countries.

Methods
Sera samples from 809 participants in 11 governorates were tested for Leptospira sp. seropositivity to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Leptospira sp. in Jordan.

Results
Overall, 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2 to 4.8) of individuals tested were seropositive for Leptospira antibodies. Individuals who drink surface water (spring or rain water) had 5.69 (95% CI 2.57 to 12.60) higher odds of seropositivity compared with individuals who used municipal or filtered water, after controlling for age and practicing horticulture.

Conclusions
This is the first seroprevalence study of Leptospira sp. in Jordan and included important data on environmental and animal exposures.
Urban Agglomeration and Firm Innovation: Evidence from Asia
Authors: Chen Liming , Hasan Rana , Jiang Yi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between urban agglomeration and firm innovation using a recently developed dataset that consistently measures city boundaries across Asia together with geo-referenced firm-level data. It finds that the spatial distribution of innovation by firms is highly concentrated within countries. Further, firms in larger cities have substantially higher propensities to introduce product and process innovations and to undertake R&D activities, a result that holds for subgroups of countries and even when the largest cities are excluded from the analysis. Finally, the presence of high-quality universities and highly ranked engineering departments in cities is positively associated with firm innovation, lending support to the idea that the accumulation of human capital locally is a key channel through which urban agglomeration affects innovation.
The evolution of tinamous (Palaeognathae: Tinamidae) in light of molecular and combined analyses
Authors: Almeida Francisca C , Porzecanski Ana L , Cracraft Joel L , Bertelli Sara 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Neotropical tinamous are of particular interest in our efforts to understand the evolution of modern birds. They inhabit both forested and open environments and, although volant, have limited flight capabilities. Numerous studies have recognized the monophyly of tinamous and their relationships either as sister to the flightless ratites (ostriches, emus and their relatives) or within the ratites themselves. Despite the numerous bird phylogenies published recently, modern investigations of relationships within the tinamous themselves have been limited. Here, we present the first detailed phylogenetic analysis and divergence-date estimation including a significant number of tinamou species, both extant and fossil. The monophyly of most currently recognized polytypic genera is recovered with high support, with the exception of the paraphyletic Nothura and Nothoprocta. The traditional subdivision between those tinamous inhabiting open areas (Nothurinae) and forest environments (Tinaminae) is also confirmed. A temporal calibration of the resultant phylogeny estimates that the basal divergence of crown Tinamidae took place between 31 and 40 Mya.
Neolepetopsid true limpets (Gastropoda: Patellogastropoda) from Indian Ocean hot vents shed light on relationships among genera
Authors: Chen Chong , Zhou Yadong , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Zhang Ruiyan , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeolepetopsidae is a family of true limpets restricted to deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems. It is a small and little-studied family with about a dozen species in three genera, namely Eulepetopsis, Neolepetopsis and Paralepetopsis, and all named species were from the Pacific or Atlantic Oceans. Here, we describe three new species from Indian Ocean vents, namely Eulepetopsis crystallina sp. nov. found across three ridges,ŠNeolepetopsis ardua sp. nov. from the Southwest Indian Ridge and Neolepetopsis prismatica sp. nov. from the Carlsberg Ridge. Given that Neolepetopsis appears to specialize on inactive sulfide deposits, the apparent wider distribution of E. crystallina is probably attributable to bias in sampling effort at inactive chimneys. The molecular phylogeny of Patellogastropoda, reconstructed using the COI gene, supported the monophyly of Neolepetopsidae. These are the first molecular data available for Neolepetopsis, confirming that the three genera are genetically distinct. Eulepetopsis appears to be adapted to active vents, and its derived position compared with Paralepetopsis indicates a possible ‘stepping-stone’ evolutionary pathway from seeps and organic falls to vents. Our results provide new insights into this enigmatic family and highlight the importance of surveying the vent periphery, especially given that inactive vents are being eyed as a replacement for active ones in deep-sea mining.
Acellular Dermal Matrix–Associated Contracture: A Clinical and Histologic Analysis of Patients Undergoing Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kearney Aaron M. , Yan Yufan , Bricker Jonathan T. , Pincus Jennifer L. , Alghoul Mohammed S. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Capsular contracture is a well-recognized complication following prosthetic breast reconstruction. It has been the authors’ observation that some patients undergoing breast reconstruction experience contracture specifically of the acellular dermal matrix placed at the time of their tissue expander insertion. The goal of the authors’ study was to identify clinical and histologic findings associated with the development of acellular dermal matrix–associated contracture.

Methods:
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing bilateral implant-based breast reconstruction performed by the senior author (M.S.A.). Patients were excluded if they had radiation therapy to the breast. Patients with suspected acellular dermal matrix–associated contracture were identified by clinical photographs and review of operative notes. Histologic analysis was performed on specimens taken from two patients with acellular dermal matrix contracture.

Results:
The authors included a total of 46 patients (92 breasts), of which 19 breasts had suspected acellular dermal matrix–associated contracture. Acellular dermal matrix contracture was less common in direct-to-implant reconstruction (4.2 percent versus 26.5 percent; p = 0.020) and more common in breasts that had seromas (0 percent versus 15.8 percent; p = 0.001) or complications requiring early expander replacement. Contracted acellular dermal matrix had less vascularity and a lower collagen I–to–collagen III ratio, and was twice as thick as noncontracted acellular dermal matrix.

Conclusions:
The authors have described a distinct phenomenon of acellular dermal matrix–associated contracture that occurs in a small subset of breasts where acellular dermal matrix is used. This merits further investigation. Future work will be required to better characterize the clinical factors that make acellular dermal matrix–associated contracture more likely to occur.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Management dilemmas in Nocardia brain infection
Authors: Lebeaux David , Coussement Julien , Bodilsen Jacob , Tattevin Pierre 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Brain nocardiosis is a rare but severe infection mostly occurring among immunocompromised patients. In this review, we present recent data on this infection and address some of the common clinical dilemmas encountered in patients with brain nocardiosis.

Recent findings
Strategies used to approach a patient with suspected brain nocardiosis include the ’conservative strategy’ (without early neurosurgery) and the ’neurosurgical strategy’ (with early aspiration or excision of brain abscess[es]). The advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are summarised. Our opinion is that the use of the ’conservative strategy’ should be limited to well-selected patients presenting with an easily accessible extra-neurological lesion(s) and have brain abscesses at low risk of treatment failure. In terms of antimicrobial therapy, we summarise the data supporting the use of a multidrug regimen in patients with brain nocardiosis.
Last, we list possible reasons for treatment failure in patients with brain nocardiosis and suggest interventions to overcome them.

Summary
Literature is scarce regarding brain nocardiosis, as a consequence of the rarity of this disease. A multidisciplinary and individualised management is required to optimise the outcome of patients with brain nocardiosis.
Proangiogenic functions of osteopontin-derived synthetic peptide RSKSKKFRR in endothelial cells and postischemic brain
Authors: Guo Ya-ning , Guo Qun , Zhang Qi , Ren Lei , Ren Xiao-yu , Nie Mu-lan , Xu Lu , Long Qian-mei , Guo Yi-fan , Zhao Wei , Wang Dong , Guo Yi-shan , Jin Yin-chuan 
Published: September 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of a newly discovered osteopontin-derived synthetic peptide “RSKKFRR” in a rat model of ischemic stroke.

Methods
A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. The model of ischemic stroke was made up of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO). The rats were divided into sham operation group (Sham), control group (MACO + PBS) and treatment group (MACO + OPNpt9), eight rats in each group. In the control group and the treatment group, PBS or OPNpt9 was injected into the nasal cavity after MACO once a day, and the area of new blood vessels and the recovery of nerve function were observed 14 days later. Whether the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs were promoted by OPNpt9 was tested. The expression levels of related proangiogenic factors were also detected.

Results
OPNpt9 was found to contribute to cerebral microvascular remodeling and neurological improvement in ischemic rats while promoting endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tube formation in vitro. These effects were mediated by activation of the p-ERK/MMP-9/VEGF pathway.

Conclusion
In conclusion, OPNpt9 promotes angiogenesis and neurological recovery after ischemic stroke.
Nurse and Health Care Aide Knowledge of Urinary Continence Promotion and Management In Hospitalized Older People
Authors: Hunter Kathleen F. , Dahlke Sherry 
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE:
The aims of this study were to determine if there was a change in medical unit nursing staffs' knowledge about lower urinary tract symptoms following an education presentation and whether the education session met their learning needs.

DESIGN:
Single-group, before-after study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The study sample comprised 21 licensed nurses and 16 health care aides from 3 medical units in a tertiary care hospital in western Canada.

METHODS:
Participants completed pre- and post-true/false questionnaires developed for the project to assess lower urinary tract symptom knowledge, and a questionnaire to determine whether the education session met staff learning needs.

RESULTS:
Knowledge was moderate on the pretest in both groups, with licensed nurses showing a significant improvement after the education intervention. Health care aides did not have a significant change in knowledge; they persisted in their belief that incontinence is a normal change of aging.

CONCLUSIONS:
Health care aides need targeted education and enhanced care processes to shift their knowledge and thinking about continence.
Crushed Corticosteroid Tablets in Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Burlando Martina , Paravisi Andrea , Bodini Giorgia , Cozzani Emanuele , Parodi Aurora 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND:
Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG) is a variant of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). It results from a pathergy response to trauma from effluent from the ostomy or secondary to trauma caused by removal of the ostomy appliance adhesive in contact with the skin. Currently, no evidence-based guidelines for the management of PPG exist. This case study reports a dramatic response to crushed corticosteroid tablets in a patient who proved refractory to first- and second-line treatments of her PPG and several surgeries.

CASE:
Ms T. was a 39-year-old woman with Crohn's disease who underwent several ileostomies, developed PPG, and failed treatment with adalimumab. Her PPG was successfully treated topically with crushed prednisone tablets.

CONCLUSION:
We found that crushed corticosteroid tablets were an effective treatment of PPG, due to the ability to reduce pain and allow adhesion of the ostomy appliance.
Epidemiology of binge eating disorder: prevalence, course, comorbidity, and risk factors
Authors: Keski-Rahkonen Anna 
Published: September 2021

Purpose of review
Binge eating disorder (BED) is a new diagnosis in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).

Recent findings
DSM-5 BED is currently estimated to affect 1.5% of women and 0.3% of men worldwide; a lifetime diagnosis of DSM-5 BED is reported by 0.6–1.8% of women and 0.3–0.7% of men. In adolescence, BED is even more prevalent, but often transient. Many adults with BED report longstanding symptoms; less than half are recognized in healthcare. Commonly co-occurring conditions include obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. In a nationally representative US-based study, up to 23% of individuals with BED had attempted suicide, and virtually all (94%) reported lifetime mental health symptoms: 70% mood disorders, 68% substance use disorders, 59% anxiety disorders, 49% borderline personality disorder, and 32% posttraumatic stress disorder. Data on mortality are scarce, but the standardized mortality ratio of BED is estimated to be 1.5–1.8. Various minority statuses, deprivation, violence, trauma, and major mental illness may increase the risk of BED.

Summary
BED is often invisible and overlooked, perhaps due to societal biases. For this reason, prevention, detection, and management of BED are closely linked with social justice and equity.
Assessment of COVID-19 intervention strategies in the Nordic countries using genomic epidemiology
Authors: Duchene Sebastian , Featherstone Leo , de Blasio Birgitte Freiesleben , Holmes Edward C. , Bohlin Jon , Pettersson John H.-O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe Nordic countries, defined here as Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland, are known for their comparable demographics and political systems. Since these countries implemented different COVID-19 intervention strategies, they provide a natural laboratory for examining how COVID-19 policies and mitigation strategies affected the propagation, evolution and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We explored how the duration, the size and number of transmission clusters, defined as country-specific monophyletic groups in a SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree, differed between the Nordic countries. We found that Sweden had the largest number of COVID-19 transmission clusters followed by Denmark, Norway, Finland and Iceland. Moreover, Sweden and Denmark had the largest, and most enduring, transmission clusters followed by Norway, Finland and Iceland. In addition, there was a significant positive association between transmission cluster size and duration, suggesting that the size of transmission clusters could be reduced by rapid and effective contact tracing. Thus, these data indicate that to reduce the general burden of COVID-19 there should be a focus on limiting dense gatherings and their subsequent contacts to keep the number, size and duration of transmission clusters to a minimum. Our results further suggest that although geographical connectivity, population density and openness influence the spread and the size of SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters, country-specific intervention strategies had the largest single impact.
Additional heterologous versus homologous booster vaccination in immunosuppressed patients without SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion after primary mRNA vaccination: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bonelli Michael , Mrak Daniel , Tobudic Selma , Sieghart Daniela , Koblischke Maximilian , Mandl Peter , Kornek Barbara , Simader Elisabeth , Radner Helga , Perkmann Thomas , Haslacher Helmuth , Mayer Margareta , Hofer Philipp , Redlich Kurt , Husar-Memmer Emma , Fritsch-Stork Ruth , Thalhammer Renate , Stiasny Karin , Winkler Stefan , Smolen Josef S. , Aberle Judith H. , Zeitlinger Markus , Heinz Leonhard X. , Aletaha Daniel 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to exponentially rising mortality, particularly in immunosuppressed patients, who inadequately respond to conventional COVID-19 vaccination. In this blinded randomized clinical trial (EudraCT 2021-002348-57) we compare the efficacy and safety of an additional booster vaccination with a vector versus mRNA vaccine in non-seroconverted patients. We assigned 60 patients under rituximab treatment, who did not seroconvert after their primary mRNA vaccination with either BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna), to receive a third dose, either using the same mRNA or the vector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca). Patients were stratified according to the presence of peripheral B-cells. The primary efficacy endpoint was the difference in the SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rate between vector (heterologous) and mRNA (homologous) vaccinated patients by week four. Key secondary endpoints included the overall seroconversion and cellular immune response; safety was assessed at weeks one and four.Seroconversion rates at week four were comparable between vector (6/27 patients, 22%) and mRNA (9/28, 32%) vaccine (p=0.6). Overall, 27% of patients seroconverted; specific T-cell responses were observed in 20/20 (100%) vector versus 13/16 (81%) mRNA vaccinated patients. Newly induced humoral and/or cellular responses occurred in 9/11 (82%) patients. No serious adverse events, related to immunization, were observed. This enhanced humoral and/or cellular immune response supports an additional booster vaccination in non-seroconverted patients irrespective of a heterologous or homologous vaccination regimen.