bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeographic history and habitat specialization shape floristic and phylogenetic composition across Amazonian forests
Authors: Baraloto Christopher , Vleminckx Jason , Engel Julien , Petronelli Pascal , Dávila Nállarett , RÍos Marcos , Valderrama Sandoval Elvis Harry , Mesones Italo , Guevara Andino Juan Ernesto , Fortunel Claire , Allie Elodie , Paine C. E. Timothy , Dourdain Aurélie , Goret Jean‐Yves , Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Draper Freddie , Fine Paul V. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA major challenge remains to understand the relative contributions of history, dispersal, and environmental filtering to the assembly of hyperdiverse communities across spatial scales. Here, we examine the extent to which biogeographical history and habitat specialization have generated turnover among and within lineages of Amazonian trees across broad geographic and environmental gradients. We replicated standardized tree inventories in 102 0.1‐ha plots located in two distant regions—the western Amazon and the eastern Guiana shield. Within each region, we used a nested design to replicate plots on contrasted habitats: white‐sand, terra firme, and seasonally flooded forests. Our plot network encompassed 26,386 trees that together represented 2,745 distinct taxa, which we standardized across all plots and regions. We combined taxonomic and phylogenetic data with detailed soil measurements and climatic data to: (1) test whether patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic composition are consistent with recent or historical processes, (2) disentangle the relative effects of habitat, environment, and geographic distance on taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover among plots, and (3) contrast the proportion of habitat specialists among species from each region. We found substantial species turnover between Peru and French Guiana, with only 8.8% of species shared across regions; genus composition remained differentiated across habitats and regions, whereas turnover at higher taxonomic levels (family, order) was much lower. Species turnover across plots was explained primarily by regions, but also substantially by habitat differences and to a lesser extent by spatial distance within regions. Conversely, the composition of higher taxonomic levels was better explained by habitats (especially comparing white‐sand forests to other habitats) than spatial distance. White‐sand forests harbored most of the habitat specialists in both regions, with stronger habitat specialization in Peru than in French Guiana. Our results suggest that recent diversification events have resulted in extremely high turnover in species and genus composition with relatively little change in the composition of higher lineages. Our results also emphasize the contributions of rare habitats, such as white‐sand forests, to the extraordinary diversity of the Amazon and underline their importance as conservation priorities.
Circulating microRNA‐29‐5p can add to the discrimination between dilated cardiomyopathy and ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Brundin Martin , Wågsäter Dick , Alehagen Urban , Carlhäll Carl‐Johan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure describes a large and heterogeneous spectrum of underlying cardiac diseases. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non‐coding RNAs that in recent years have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful imaging modality for the evaluation of cardiac characteristics in heart failure. In this study, we sought to compare heart failure patients with a diagnosis of either idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or ischaemic heart disease (IHD), in the context of serum levels of certain miRs and also magnetic resonance imaging parameters of cardiac structure and function.Methods and resultsA total of 135 subjects were studied: 53 patients with DCM (age: 59 ± 12 years, mean ± SD), 34 patients with IHD (66 ± 9 years), and 48 controls (64 ± 5 years). The participants underwent baseline medical examination, blood sampling, and a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging examination at 3 Tesla (Philips Ingenia). The serum levels of seven different miRs were analysed and assessed: 16‐5p, 21‐5p, 29‐5p, 133a‐3p, 191‐5p, 320a, and 423‐5p, all of which have been demonstrated to play potential roles in the pathogenesis of heart failure.The patients in the DCM and IHD groups had left ventricles that had larger end‐diastolic volume (P < 0.001), larger mass (P < 0.001), and lower ejection fraction (P < 0.001) compared with controls. Serum levels of miR‐29‐5p were increased in DCM compared with IHD (P < 0.005) and serum levels of miR‐320a were elevated in DCM compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between miR levels and magnetic resonance imaging parameters of left ventricular structure and function.ConclusionsCirculating miR‐320a can add to the discrimination between patients with DCM and healthy controls and circulating miR‐29‐5p can add to the discrimination between DCM and IHD.
A rare cause of effusive–constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Giordani Andrea S. , De Gaspari Monica , Baritussio Anna , Rizzo Stefania , Carturan Elisa , Basso Cristina , Napodano Massimo , Testolin Luca , Marcolongo Renzo , Caforio Alida L.P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEffusive–constrictive pericarditis (ECP) is an uncommon diagnosis, frequently missed due to its heterogeneous presentation, but a potentially reversible cause of heart failure. A 62‐year‐old Caucasian male presented with remittent right heart failure and mild–moderate pericardial effusion. Following an initial diagnosis of idiopathic pericarditis, indomethacin was started, but the patient shortly relapsed, presenting with severe pericardial effusion and signs of cardiac tamponade, requiring pericardiocentesis. ECP was diagnosed on cardiac catheterization. Cardiac computed tomography showed non‐calcified, mildly thickened and inflamed parietal pericardium. Pericardiectomy was performed with symptoms remission. On histological examination of pericardium, chronic non‐necrotizing granulomatous inflammation was noted. Polymerase chain reaction assay was positive for non‐tuberculous mycobacteria. This case represents a rare finding of ECP with unusual presentation due to atypical mycobacteriosis in a non‐immunocompromised patient and in a non‐endemic area. Pericardiectomy can be an effective option in cases unresponsive to anti‐inflammatory treatment, even in the absence of significant pericardial thickening or calcification.
Factors that predict ventricular arrhythmias in the late phase after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Saito Kan , Kondo Yusuke , Takahashi Masashi , Kitahara Hideki , Nakayama Takashi , Fujimoto Yoshihide , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsLittle is known regarding factors that predict the occurrence of lethal ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) occurring after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This observational cohort study aimed to identify factors that predicted lethal VAs during the late phase after AMI in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Methods and resultsData were collected from our AMI database regarding consecutive patients with an LVEF of ≤40% after AMI (January 2012 to July 2018). The ‘late phase’ was defined as ≥7 days after AMI onset, and the primary endpoint was defined as lethal VAs in the late phase. The study included 136 patients (82% men; mean age: 66 ± 13 years). The average LVEF at admission was 32.7 ± 8.2%. During a mean follow‐up period of 20.7 months, 14 patients (10%) experienced lethal VAs, including ventricular fibrillation (n = 8) and sustained ventricular tachycardia (n = 10). Univariate analyses revealed that lethal VAs were predicted by age and LVEF at admission. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the optimal cut‐off value was 23% for using the LVEF at admission to predict the primary endpoint (area under the curve: 0.77, P < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis also demonstrated that LVEF at admission was an independent predictor of the primary endpoint (risk ratio = 7.12, P = 0.001).ConclusionsLethal VAs in the late phase are common in patients with AMI, and reduced LVEF and cardiac function at admission play a significant role in the risk stratification for future lethal VAs in this population.
Dietary interventions and nutritional supplements for heart failure: a systematic appraisal and evidence map
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Khan Fiza , Fonarow Gregg C. , Sreenivasan Jayakumar , Greene Stephen J. , Khan Safi U. , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Fudim Marat , Anker Stefan D. , Butler Javed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo appraise meta‐analytically determined effect of dietary interventions and nutritional supplements on heart failure (HF)‐related outcomes, and create an evidence map to visualize the findings and certainty of evidence.Methods and resultsOnline databases were systematically searched for meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of dietary interventions and nutritional supplements on HF outcomes and incidence. These were then updated if new RCTs were available. Estimates were pooled using a random‐effects model and reported as risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. We identified 14 relevant meta‐analyses, to which 21 new RCTs were added. The total evidence base reviewed included 122 RCTs (n = 176 097 participants) assessing 14 interventions. We found that coenzyme Q10 was associated with lower all‐cause mortality [RR 0.69 (0.50–0.96); I2 = 0%; low certainty of evidence] in HF patients. Incident HF risk was reduced with Mediterranean diet [RR 0.45 (0.26–0.79); I2 = 0%; low certainty of evidence]. Vitamin E supplementation was associated with a small but significant increase in the risk of HF hospitalization [RR 1.21 (1.04–1.40); I2 = 0%; moderate certainty of evidence]. There was moderate certainty of evidence that thiamine, vitamin D, iron, and L‐carnitine supplementation had a beneficial effect on left ventricular ejection fraction.ConclusionCoenzyme Q10 may reduce all‐cause mortality in HF patients, while a Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of incident HF; however, the low certainty of evidence warrants the need for further RCTs to confirm a definite clinical role. RCT data were lacking for several common interventions including intermittent fasting, caffeine, DASH diet, and ketogenic diet. More research is needed to fill the knowledge gap.
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy for the study of (nano)particle electrochemistry: From the sub‐particle to ensemble level
Authors: Bentley Cameron L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a scanning‐droplet‐based technique that allows electrochemical fluxes and/or interfacial reactivity to be measured and visualized with high spatiotemporal resolution. This minireview spotlights the use of SECCM for studying the electrochemistry of (nano)particles, highlighting recent works spanning multiple timescales (i.e., microseconds to seconds) and lengthscales (i.e., nanometers to micrometers) to probe physicochemical phenomena at the sub‐particle, single particle, and/or (micro)ensemble levels. In SECCM, single (nano)particles (or small particle ensembles) are electrochemically interrogated—directly from colloidal solution (i.e., by investigating electrochemical nanoimpacts with a substrate electrode) or supported on an electrochemically inert support electrode—with a pipette probe that is operated in either a stationary (point measurement) or dynamic scanning/imaging mode. Nanoscale‐resolved electrochemical information (e.g., local rates of electron‐ or ion‐transfer, catalytic activity, corrosion resistance, etc.) from SECCM is readily related to (nano)particle structure and properties, collected at a commensurate scale with complementary, co‐located microscopy/spectroscopy techniques, allowing structure and function to be resolved directly and unambiguously down to the sub‐particle level. Understanding structure−function on this scale enables macroscopic “particle‐on‐support” electrode behavior to be rationalized and further predicted, guiding the discovery, design, and engineering of novel electromaterials with enhanced function, which is a “holy grail” in materials science.
Capping agent‐free synthesis of surface engineered Pt nanocube for direct ammonia fuel cell
Authors: Jin Haneul , Lee Sehyun , Sohn Yeonsun , Lee Soo‐Hyoung , Kim Pil , Yoo Sung Jong 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDirect ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs), wherein the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) occurs at the anode and oxygen reduction at the cathode, are a promising clean energy production system using easily liquefied ammonia because they exhibit high energy density. However, only a few catalysts are, thus far, available for the AOR because of its sluggish six‐electron‐based reaction kinetics. Pt (100) is considered an optimal catalyst for the AOR; however, the synthesis of pristine Pt (100) is difficult because it requires the use of strong capping agents for faceting particles. Moreover, the capping agents block surface active sites, thereby deaccelerating electrochemical reactions. Herein, we report a novel synthetic method (hot separation) to achieve pristine Pt (100) by precisely controlling the formation kinetics of Pt nanocubes, wherein the further treatment for surface capping agent removal is not required. Hot separation prevents particle aggregation and overgrowth through the rapid separation of the Pt nanocubes and reaction solution and preserves the Pt (100) surface. Furthermore, the characterization of the pristine surface of Pt nanocubes was conducted to compare the properties of the Pt nanocubes with those of the particles prepared from conventional methods. The Pt nanocubes showed better mass activity toward the AOR and 2.3 times higher DAFC performance than those of commercial Pt.
Assisted differential network analysis for gene expression data
Authors: Yi Huangdi , Ma Shuangge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the analysis of gene expression data, when there are two or more disease conditions/groups (e.g., diseased and normal, responder and nonresponder, and multiple stages/subtypes), differential analysis has been extensively conducted to identify key differences and has important implications. Network analysis takes a system perspective and can be more informative than that limited to simple statistics such as mean and variance. In differential network analysis, a common practice is to first estimate a gene expression network for each condition/group, and then spectral clustering can be applied to the network difference(s) to identify key genes and biological mechanisms that lead to the differences. Compared to “simple” analysis such as regression, differential network analysis can be more challenging with the significantly larger number of parameters. In this study, taking advantage of the increasing popularity of multidimensional profiling data, we develop an assisted analysis strategy and propose incorporating regulator information to improve the identification of key genes (that lead to the differences in gene expression networks). An effective computational algorithm is developed. Comprehensive simulation is conducted, showing that the proposed approach can outperform the benchmark alternatives in identification accuracy. With the The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma data, we analyze the expressions of genes in the KEGG cell cycle pathway, assisted by copy number variation data. The proposed assisted analysis leads to identification results similar to the alternatives but different estimations. Overall, this study can deliver an efficient and cost‐effective way of improving differential network analysis.
Effective connectivity underlying reward‐based executive control
Authors: Hippmann Bernadette , Tzvi Elinor , Göttlich Martin , Weiblen Ronja , Münte Thomas F. , Jessen Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivational influences on cognitive control play an important role in shaping human behavior. Cognitive facilitation through motivators such as prospective reward or punishment is thought to depend on regions from the dopaminergic mesocortical network, primarily the ventral tegmental area (VTA), inferior frontal junction (IFJ), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, how interactions between these regions relate to motivated control remains elusive. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to investigate effective connectivity between left IFJ, ACC, and VTA in a task‐switching paradigm comprising three distinct motivational conditions (prospective monetary reward or punishment and a control condition). We found that while prospective punishment significantly facilitated switching between tasks on a behavioral level, interactions between IFJ, ACC, and VTA were characterized by modulations through prospective reward but not punishment. Our DCM results show that IFJ and VTA modulate ACC activity in parallel rather than by interaction to serve task demands in reward‐based cognitive control. Our findings further demonstrate that prospective reward and punishment differentially affect neural control mechanisms to initiate decision‐making.
Conducting a rapid health promotion audit in suburban Adelaide, South Australia: Can it contribute to revitalising health promotion?
Authors: Roesler Anna , Musolino Connie , van Eyk Helen , Flavel Joanne , Freeman Toby , Fisher Matt , MacDougall Colin , Baum Fran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIssues addressedHow health promotion is implemented varies and it is often not clear what activities are in place in a region. Understanding the extent of health promotion activities helps planning activities.MethodsThis research involved a rapid audit of the types of health promotion activities in a suburban region of South Australia. This analysis was guided by the WHO Ottawa Charter's principles. To better understand population needs and which health promoting activities may help, an epidemiological, demographic and social determinants of health profile of southern Adelaide described disease patterns and health inequities.ResultsWhile there was evidence of a range of health promoting activities, most concerned individual or behavioural services. A key finding was the small number of activities that the state health department and local health system were responsible for. Alongside local government, NGOs provided the bulk of health promotion activities. In addition, there were no overarching health promotion strategies or coordinating bodies to evaluate the activities. The epidemiological, demographic and social determinants of health profile found persistent health and social inequities.ConclusionThis rapid audit of health promotion in a region enabled a quick assessment of the current health promotion situation and provided evidence of gaps and areas where policy change should be advocated.So what?The key findings distilled from this research were designed to inform policy priorities to shift health promotion in southern Adelaide onto a trajectory consistent with the Ottawa Charter and prevent further focus on individualised behaviour change strategies known as ‘lifestyle drift’.
Combined influences of irrigation diversions and associated subsurface return flows on river temperature in a semi‐arid region
Authors: Alger Madison , Lane Belize A. , Neilson Bethany T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIrrigation activities alter water distribution and storage in arid and semi‐arid regions worldwide. The removal of water from streams can drastically impact instream flows. However, irrigation water conveyance and application onto fields can create surface and subsurface hydrologic connections, or lateral inflows, that return some of this diverted water back to streams. Prior research has shown the impact of surface water diversions from streams on downstream warming that increases stress on aquatic species. However, the combined effects of flow depletion and irrigation‐enhanced lateral inflows on stream temperature and river ecosystems remains poorly studied. To further understand these relationships, we combined intensive field monitoring over three irrigation seasons and thermal aerial imagery to identify irrigation‐enhanced subsurface lateral inflow locations and evaluate their effects on stream flow and temperature patterns over a 2.5‐km highly depleted study reach. Considering variable hydrology, weather, flow diversions, channel geometry and lateral inflows, we found irrigation‐enhanced lateral inflows were the likely explanation for buffered longitudinal and diel warming patterns that prevented stressful or lethal thermal conditions for brown trout. These localized temperature effects were more pronounced in drier years, under high diversion rates and during high solar radiation intensity. We also found that lateral inflows corresponded with greater spatial variability of stream temperatures and potential thermal refugia. Study results illustrate the potential ecological consequences of reducing irrigation‐enhanced lateral inflows and highlight the importance of hydrologic monitoring in irrigated arid river valleys. The role and preservation of these lateral inflows should be considered in water resources management related to irrigation efficiency and environmental flows.
Financial relationships between industry and principal investigators of US cooperative group randomized cancer clinical trials
Authors: Metzger April L. , Kusi Appiah Adams , Wright Christopher M. , Jairam Vikram , Amini Arya , Park Henry S. , Welsh James W. , Thomas Charles R. , Verma Vivek , Ludmir Ethan B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFinancial conflicts of interest (FCOIs) could bias the potentially practice‐changing oncologic randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of tomorrow. This investigation characterized the FCOIs of the principal investigators (PIs) of all currently accruing trials of the four (adult) cooperative groups of the National Clinical Trials Network. For our study, the PI list was first compiled, and each name was then searched in the CMS Open Payments database. For each transaction (general payments (GPs) or research funding (RF)), the amount/number/source of payments was recorded. Results showed that from 2014 to 2019, the 91 PIs collectively accepted nearly one‐third of a billion dollars ($10 477 023 GPs and $320 096 233 RF). The mean and median GP was $6505 and $945, respectively, and $301 693 and $49 824 RF, respectively. Multivariable Gamma regression analysis revealed that higher GP sums were associated with RCTs involving any type of systemic therapy, and higher RF sums with medical oncologist PIs, trials with phase III components, and RCTs involving radiotherapy (P < .05 for all). Both higher‐volume GPs and RF were predicted by PIs having accepted payment(s) from the manufacturer of the drug utilized in their RCT (P < .001 GP, P = .008 RF). Taken together, the main message of this investigation is that FCOIs may be particularly high in PIs of phase III systemic therapy trials, especially if the PI accepted payments from the manufacturer of the drug utilized in their trial. Such RCTs should be thoroughly scrutinized by medical journals, the FDA, and insurance companies for potential “industry bias” that could influence the integrity of their conclusions.
Effect of a hypnosis session before hysterectomy on pre‐ and postoperative anxiety
Authors: Sourzac Jennie , Germain Christine , Frison Eric , Sztark Francois , Conri Vanessa , Floccia Marie 
Published: June 2021

SynopsisA hypnosis session performed a few days prior to onco‐gynecological surgery can significantly reduce perioperative anxiety and postoperative pain.