bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of oxygen vacancies enriched Cu/ZnO/CeO2 for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Guo Junxin , Luo Zhao , Hu GuoTao , Wang Zhao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTernary CuO/ZnO/CeO2 catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 were successfully prepared and modified by electron etching with plasma as the electron source. Results indicate that the plasma decomposition leads to higher specific surface, unique structure, and the formation of copper species with a high dispersion, while enhancing reducibility of Cu particles and promoting the catalyst‐support interaction due to the especially low temperature of plasma process. Most interesting, electron bombardment produces more oxygen vacancy on CeO2, which facilitates to increase interaction between Cu, Zn, and CeO2. CO2 molecules are preferably adsorbed on the oxygen vacancies of CeO2 to generate carbonate species. Furthermore, the study shows that CeO2 is a highly tunable material, which has great catalytic potential for carbon dioxide due to its unique properties, such as rich oxygen vacancy and metal−support interaction, especially under plasma conditions. Surprisingly, Catalytic evaluation revealed that CuO/ZnO/CeO2 by plasma exhibited a remarkable space‐time yield of 162.7 g methanol·kg–1 cat·h–1 (1.5 times of that of conventional calcined catalyst) at 260 °C. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abdominal aortic calcification and cognitive function among older adults: Cross‐sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013‐2014
Authors: Wei Jingkai , Ali Mohammed K. , Wang Tiansheng , Xu Hanzhang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesSubclinical atherosclerotic disease is an emerging risk factor for cognitive function among older adults, though less is known about the association between abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and cognitive function. This study aimed to examine the cross‐sectional association of AAC with cognitive function in a nationally representative sample of population in the U.S.MethodsA total of 1,209 older adults (60 years or older) in the 2013‐2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. AAC was obtained with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Cognitive function was examined using the CERAD Word Learning subtest (memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (executive function/processing speed), and Animal Fluency Test (language). Test‐specific and global cognition z‐scores were created based on means and standard deviations of cognitive tests. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations of presence of AAC and severity of AAC with cognition z‐scores.ResultsAdjusted for covariates, presence of AAC was associated with poorer global cognition (beta (β) = −0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.28, −0.06), memory (β = −0.20, 95% CI: −0.31, −0.09), and language ability (β = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.29, −0.01). More severe AAC was associated with poorer cognitive function. The associations were significant among participants <75 years.DiscussionThe presence of AAC and greater severity of AAC, were associated with poorer cognitive function, particularly among older adults <75 years. Future research is expected to assess whether lowering global vascular risk can slow cognitive decline.
Osteoradionecrosis of the hyoid presenting as acute airway compromise
Authors: Wang Sherrie , Stanisce Luke , Begun Zoe , Wilson Traeden , Ahmad Nadir , Kubicek Gregory J. , Koshkareva Yekaterina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a well‐known complication of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. However, few reports have described hyoid bone ORN and its clinical implications.MethodsWe describe a retrospective case series of previously irradiated patients who were seen with sudden airway compromise, found to have underlying pathological hyoid fractures secondary to osteoradionecrosis.ResultsSix patients within postchemoradiation period (3–9 months) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were seen with acute‐onset dyspnea. Computed topography (CT) imaging was remarkable for severe airway luminal narrowing and pathological hyoid fractures. All six patients required urgent intervention with direct laryngoscopy and tracheostomy. Intraoperatively, five patients were seen with exposed necrotic hyoid bones.ConclusionThe hyoid and its associated musculature strongly influence upper airway patency. ORN may compromise its physiological function and leads to acute airway compromise. Hyoid ORN may hold significant and imperative clinical implications in head and neck cancer post‐treatment surveillance.
Emerging role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and its malignant transformation
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Hunter Keith D. , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Radhakrishnan Raghu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSenescence is a common denominator in wound healing, fibrosis, and cancer. Although, senescence is transiently antifibrotic, when prolonged, promotes fibrosis and malignant transformation. Eligible studies indexed in MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched to understand the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and its malignant transformation. The senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components like IL‐1, IL‐6, and GRO‐α induce double‐strand DNA breaks in keratinocytes and drive genetic instability. SASP derived from myofibroblasts induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition in OSF and facilitates cancer progression. The use of senolytics has been shown to eliminate senescent cells from the areas of fibrosis, thereby preventing malignancy. Naturally occurring agents such as apigenin and kaempferol inhibit SASP. Mechanistic insight into the emerging role of senescence in the pathogenesis of OSF and modalities to inhibit senescence‐associated antiapoptotic pathways as a supplementary therapy to prevent malignant transformation of OSF is underlined.
A comprehensive assessment framework for attributing trends in streamflow and groundwater storage to climatic and anthropogenic changes: A case study in the typical semi‐arid catchments of southern India
Authors: Nune Rajesh , George Biju A. , Western Andrew W. , Garg Kaushal K. , Dixit Sreenath , Ragab Ragab 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe clearest signs of hydrologic change can be observed from the trends in streamflow and groundwater levels in a catchment. During 1980–2007, significant declines in streamflow (−3.03 mm/year) and groundwater levels (−0.22 m/year) were observed in Himayat Sagar (HS) catchment, India. We examined the degree to which hydrologic changes observed in the HS catchment can be attributed to various internal and external drivers of change (climatic and anthropogenic changes). This study used an investigative approach to attribute hydrologic changes. First, it involves to develop a model and test its ability to predict hydrologic trends in a catchment that has undergone significant changes. Second, it examines the relative importance of different causes of change on the hydrologic response. The analysis was carried out using Modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a semi‐distributed rainfall‐runoff model coupled with a lumped groundwater model for each sub‐ catchment. The model results indicated that the decline in potential evapotranspiration (PET) appears to be partially offset by a significant response to changes in rainfall. Measures that enhance recharge, such as watershed hydrological structures, have had limited success in terms of reducing impacts on the catchment‐scale water balance. Groundwater storage has declined at a rate of 5 mm/y due to impact of land use changes and this was replaced by a net addition of 2 mm/y by hydrological structures. The impact of land use change on streamflow is an order of magnitude larger than the impact of hydrological structures and about is 2.5 times higher in terms of groundwater impact. Model results indicate that both exogenous and endogenous changes can have large impacts on catchment hydrology and should be considered together. The proposed comprehensive framework and approach demonstrated here is valuable in attributing trends in streamflow and groundwater levels to catchment climatic and anthropogenic changes.
Impact of adenomyosis on the prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Raimondo Diego , Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Maletta Manuela , Casadio Paolo , Ambrosio Marco , Chiara Aru Anna , Santoro Angela , Franco Zannoni Gian , Insabato Luigi , Mollo Antonio , Zullo Fulvio , Seracchioli Renato 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the high prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens of endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients, the relationship between adenomyosis and EC prognosis appears unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic value of coexistent adenomyosis in patients with EC.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed by searching six electronic databases for studies reporting data on prognosis of EC patients with and without coexistent adenomyosis. Studies with patient selection based on prognostic factors were excluded. Pooled univariate hazard ratio (HR) analyses for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DRF) were performed, using EC patients without adenomyosis as a control group. For DFS, pooled multivariate HR analysis was also evaluable.ResultsThree studies of 2505 EC patients (553 with and 1952 without adenomyosis) were included. Compared with EC patients without adenomyosis, EC patients with coexistent adenomyosis showed a pooled HR of 0.533 (CI 95%, 0.329–0.864) for OS at univariate analysis; 0.536 (CI 95%, 0.334–0.859) for DFS at univariate analysis; and 0.875 (CI 95%, 0.331–2.315) for DFS at multivariate analysis.ConclusionIn EC patients with coexistent adenomyosis, the risk of death is halved compared with EC patients without adenomyosis. However, the independence of this association needs to be verified in future studies.
Influence of the solvent on the Lewis acidity of antimony pentahalides and group 13 Lewis acids toward acetonitrile and pyridine
Authors: Pomogaeva Anna V. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnergetic effects of solvation of SbF5, SbCl5, and 21 group 13 Lewis acids (LA) and their molecular complexes with acetonitrile and pyridine are evaluated using SMD approach. Compared to the gas phase, solvation increases the stability of boron‐ and aluminum‐containing complexes but decreases the stability of gallium and indium‐containing homologs due to larger solation energies of free LA. New Lewis acidity scales, based on the Gibbs energy of dissociation of the molecular complexes LA·pyridine and LA·acetonitrile in the gas phase, in benzene and acetonitrile solutions, are proposed.
Dental hygiene and public health students’ perception of an online interprofessional education applied learning activity
Authors: Claiborne Denise M. , Durgampudi Praveen K. , Patel Priyanka T. , Akpinar‐Elci Muge 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose/objectivesTo pilot an online interprofessional education (IPE) applied learning activity (ALA), to understand students’ socialization and values towards IPE teams, and evaluate the IPE learning activity for future implementation.MethodsA pre‐and post‐test design was used to assess interprofessional socialization and values utilizing the (ISVS‐9A/9B) surveys before and after the IPE ALA among dental hygiene (DH) and Master of Public Health (MPH) students (n = 86). Three statements from the ISVS‐9A/9B surveys were not included due to the nature of the activity. The IPE ALA was a case study related to a federally funded community health center seeking funding for a dental van within 14 local targeted communities (i.e., children, senior citizens, special needs). Student groups were randomly assigned to one targeted community and completed questions that required application of prevention, systems thinking and management and solutions of oral health issues. Students collaboratively developed an executive summary and presentation through an online learning platform.ResultsA total of 73 DH (n = 38) and MPH (n = 35) students (84.8% response rate) completed the ISVS 9‐A (modified), and 57 students DH (n = 33) and MPH (n = 24) students (66.3% response rate) completed the ISVS‐9B (modified) and IPE activity evaluation. A positive change (pre‐post) was observed based on the students’ responses (p < 0.05) and 64% agreed that the skills obtained from the IPE ALA would help them in their careers.ConclusionsOverall, student learners’ ISVS toward IPE improved after engaging in the online ALA. The use of online platforms is one low resource strategy to integrate IPE experiences into allied health and dental education.
Effects of Home Care on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib
Authors: Moser Monika , Radu Iuliana‐Pompilia , Dufour Jean‐François 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimTreatment with sorafenib causes diverse side effects, which limits adherence. This work assesses whether Home Care, a psychosocial nursing intervention, prolongs the duration of treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and if it influences health‐related quality of life (HRQL).Methods and ResultsThis is a cohort study using data from patients receiving sorafenib in the prospective Bern HCC Cohort at the University Hospital. Duration of treatment, overall survival, and HRQL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Hepatobiliary questionnaire were compared in the two groups. A total of 173 patients were eligible for the analysis. Among them, 141 were in the Home Care program, and 32 were not. Patients with Home Care had a significantly longer duration of treatment (265 days vs 152 days, P = 0.003) and a better functional well‐being (17.7 vs 12.5, P = 0.015).ConclusionPsychosocial interventions such as Home Care are a valid method in improving adherence to sorafenib and can therefore be recommended.
Domination versus independent domination in regular graphs
Authors: Knor Martin , Škrekovski Riste , Tepeh Aleksandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA set of vertices in a graph is a dominating set if every vertex of is in or is adjacent to a vertex in . If, in addition, is an independent set, then is an independent dominating set. The domination number of is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set in , while the independent domination number of is the minimum cardinality of an independent dominating set in . We prove that for all integers it holds that if is a connected ‐regular graph, then , with equality if and only if . The result was previously known only for . This affirmatively answers a question of Babikir and Henning.
Impedance calculation of power ground grid by using artificial neural network
Authors: Ding Li , Wei Xing‐Chang , Zou Guo‐Ping , Yang Zhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe power distribution network (PDN) is an essential component in high speed circuits, and the impedance calculation of PDN becomes a hot topic. In this paper, we proposed a method to calculate the impedance of power ground grid (PGG), which is one type of the PDN, by using artificial neural network (ANN). First, the PGG is equivalent to a simple power ground plane (PGP). The equivalent PGP has the same dimension and port location but different relative permittivity and relative permeability of the substrate compared to the original PGG. Then, ANN is used to calculate the equivalent and of the equivalent PGP. Thus, the impedance of equivalent PGP can be obtained by using Green's function. The proposed method has been validated by numerical and measurement examples. The agreement and difference of the impedance results in both examples are also analyzed.
Doppler Ultrasound of the Fetal Descending Aorta: An Objective Tool to Assess Placental Blood Flow Resistance in Pregnancies With Discordant Umbilical Arteries
Authors: Cahill Lindsay S. , Mercer Grace V. , Jagota Dakshita , Ravi Chandran Anjana , Milligan Natasha , Shinar Shiri , Whitehead Clare L. , Hobson Sebastian R. , Serghides Lena , Parks W. Tony , Macgowan Christopher K. , Kingdom John C. , Sled John G. , Baschat Ahmet A. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between blood flow in the fetal descending aorta and discordant umbilical arteries (UAs).MethodsPulsed wave Doppler of both UAs and the descending aorta was performed at 4‐weekly intervals between 14 and 40 weeks of gestation in 209 pregnant women. In datasets with discordant UAs, a linear mixed effects model was used to determine the categorical relationship between the UA pulsatility index (PI) (high, low and average) and the descending aorta PI.ResultsOf the 209 cases, 81 had a discordance of greater than 25% in UA PI during one of their visits. There were no differences in birth outcomes between the groups with concordant and discordant UA PIs. In the cases with discordant UA PIs, the descending aorta PI was most strongly associated with both the average UA PI (P = .008), and with the UA with the lower PI (P = .008).ConclusionsThe relationship between blood flow in the descending aorta and UAs is consistent with the law for combining resistances in parallel. Measurements of the descending aorta PI, particularly in a scenario with discordant UAs, may inform the stability of the feto‐placental circulation where discordant UA PIs are found.
Grazing accelerates labile and recalcitrant soil carbon loss driving by rare microbial taxa in a desert steppe
Authors: Fan Jianling , Zhang Chuanhong , Jin Hao , Zhang Jun , Han Guodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLivestock grazing in grasslands regulates the multifunctionality of those ecosystems and has an adverse effect on soil carbon (C) dynamics and fractions. However, our understanding of grazing‐induced changes in soil microbial community and their links to soil organic C (SOC) fractions is limited. By using a long‐term grazing experiment in desert steppe, we examined impacts of different grazing intensity on the diversity and composition of soil microbial community and their potential contribution to SOC content and fractions. The results showed that 15‐year grazing reduced total SOC (TSOC), albeit not significant, but induced a notable decrease in both labile and recalcitrant SOC fractions, especially under high grazing intensity. Soil prokaryotic communities were not significantly impacted by grazing intensity. However, we observed that sensitive operational taxonomic units (OTUs), identified by indicator taxa analysis, grouped in distinct modules that reflected the different grazing intensities, suggesting that groups of microbes may cluster together and respond to grazing intensity. Association networks of prokaryotic OTUs and organic C fractions showed that SOC fractions were significantly related to rare taxa, indicating that grazing practice may act as a kind of environmental filtering and strongly affected soil microbial rare taxa and thereafter SOC fractions. Together, our findings suggest that grazing intensity did not change total microbial community and TSOC but affected SOC fractions by altering rare taxa. Overall, our results indicated that soil C fractions and rare microbial taxa were more sensitive to grazing intensity, which could act as indicator of variations in ecosystem functions in the semi‐arid desert steppe.
Microvascular free tissue transfer for reconstruction of complex lower extremity trauma: Predictors of complications and flap failure
Authors: Othman Sammy , Stranix John T. , Piwnica‐Worms William , Bauder Andrew , Azoury Saïd C. , Elfanagely Omar , Klifto Kevin M. , Levin L. Scott , Kovach Stephen J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite advanced wound care techniques, open fractures in the setting of lower extremity trauma remain a challenging pathology, particularly when free tissue transfer is required for coverage. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with flap failure in this setting using a large, heterogeneous patient population.MethodsRetrospective review of patients who underwent traumatic lower extremity free flap reconstruction (2002–2019). Demographics wound/vessel injury characteristics, pre and perioperative factors, and flap outcomes were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐eight free flaps met inclusion criteria, with 23 partial (12.2%) and 13 total (6.9%) flap failures. Angiography was performed in 87 patients, with arterial injury suffered in 43.1% of those evaluated. Time to flap coverage varied within 3 days (4.5%), 10 days (17.3%), or 30 days of injury (42.7%). In all, 41 (21.8%) subjects suffered from major flap complications, including failure and takebacks. Multivariate regression demonstrated the presence of posterior tibial (PT) artery injury predictive of both flap‐failure (Odds ratio [OR] = 11.4, p < .015) and major flap complications (OR = 12.1, p < .012). Immunocompromised status was also predictive of flap failure (OR = 12.6, p < .004) and major complications (OR = 11.6, p < .007), while achieving flap coverage within 30 days was protective against flap complications (OR = 0.413, p < .049). Defect size, infection, and injury location were not associated with failure.ConclusionsWhen examining a large, heterogeneous patient cohort, free flap outcomes in the setting of lower extremity open fractures can be influenced by multiple factors. This presence of PT artery injury, flap coverage beyond 30 days of injury, and immunocompromised status appear predictive of flap complications in this context.
Time‐domain analysis of parameters in the fitting of multiport frequency‐dependent system through matrix pencil method
Authors: Zhang Yin , Liao Cheng , Shang Yuping , Du Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this letter, in this process of using matrix pencil method (MPM) to perform the equivalent of the multiport frequency‐dependent system, a modified MPM is proposed to realize the solutions of common poles and residue matrix in time domain. In this technique, the frequency domain data of all ports are transformed into the time domain matrix vectors by IFFT. Then, the time domain matrix vectors are superimposed into a single vector, which is analyzed by the MPM to generate a common set of poles. The residue matrix is obtained by using the least square method to solve the equation consisting of the common poles and the time domain matrix vectors. The fast evaluation of the frequency domain data of the multiport frequency‐dependent system can be thus completed by the common poles and residue matrix. Finally, the correctness of the proposed method is verified by a three‐conductor transmission lines system.
Indirect boundary element method for modelling 2‐D poroelastic wave diffraction by cavities and cracks in half space
Authors: Sun Shuaijie , Liu Zhongxian , Cheng Alexander H.D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn indirect boundary element method (IBEM) is developed to solve two‐dimensional (2‐D) wave diffraction by cavities and cracks in a fluid‐saturated poroelastic half space. The dynamic Green's functions of forces and fluid source in a poroelastic full‐space, rather than their half‐space counterparts, are utilized, because of their closed‐form expressions. The diffracted wave field is constructed by distributing forces and sources in fictitious densities over the boundaries, based on the single‐layer potential theory. The densities are determined by matching the approximate solution with the boundary conditions. The nonuniqueness of integral equation caused by the degenerated geometry of a crack is treated by a zoned approach. The numerical accuracy and stability of the IBEM are verified by comparing with available results in the literature. Problems of wave scattering by cavity and flat crack in saturated half plane are solved. The displacement amplification effect on the free surface is investigated. The numerical solutions show that the response is strongly dependent on factors such as wave frequency, incident angle, the length and depth of the crack, and material properties.