bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monopoly and corporate innovation: evidence from antitrust law
Authors: Yu Minggui , Huang Yujing , Zhong Huijie , Zhang Qing 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
There are two opposite views about whether the Antitrust Law is conducive to the development of the economy. One view is that the Antitrust Law can restrain monopoly, maintain market competition and benefit economic growth. The other view is that the Antitrust Law inhibits innovation by monopolistic firms and fosters rent-seeking, which is bad for economic growth. To provide a possible perspective for clarifying the controversy, this paper aims to answer the following two questions: first, will the Antitrust Law inhibit corporate innovation? Second, does the antitrust enforcement agency discriminate against private enterprises?

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the samples of A-share listed companies from 2003 to 2013, the authors use the implementation of China’s Antitrust Law in 2008 as a policy shock, take the monopoly enterprises in each industry as the treatment group and competitive enterprises as the control group, using the difference-in-differences method to test the impact of the implementation of the Antitrust Law on corporate innovation activities.

Findings
The results show that compared with competitive enterprises, the patent output of monopolistic enterprises was significantly reduced after the implementation of the Antitrust Law, which indicates that the Antitrust Law does inhibit the innovation activities of monopolistic enterprises. Further research finds that the innovation suppression effect of the Antitrust Law is more prominent in state-owned enterprises, which means that the government does not have “selective law enforcement” against private enterprises in the process of law enforcement. Therefore, the results provide evidence for the idea that government intervention is neutral.

Originality/value
First, the paper enriches and expands the research on the factors affecting corporate innovation from the perspective of market structure. Second, it enriches and expands relevant research on the consequences of implementing the Antitrust Law from the perspective of corporate innovation. Third, it not only provides the relevant empirical evidence for clarifying the dispute about the Antitrust Law but also is helpful to clarify whether the Chinese Government has “selective law enforcement” against private enterprises.
Including people with intellectual disabilities in the development of their own positive behaviour support plans
Authors: Breeze James 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
People with intellectual disabilities are not routinely involved in the assessment of their behaviours that challenge, as this is often completed by a proxy respondent and the health-care professional. This is contrary to guidance stating that everyone should be involved in the planning of their care. This paper aims to show how health-care professionals can support people with intellectual disabilities to engage in the assessment of their behaviours that challenge and the subsequent development of their own positive behaviour support (PBS) plans.

Design/methodology/approach
A non-systematic review of the existing literature on improving the engagement of people with learning disabilities in health-care planning, and specifically PBS planning, was undertaken. Appropriate papers were included in this paper.

Findings
There are several evidence-based methods to improve people’s engagement in the assessment of their own behaviours that challenge and then the development of their PBS plans. These methods are discussed in terms of their application to supporting people to communicate and involving them in the process of developing a valid and meaningful PBS plan. This is a relatively new focus within the literature, and further research should focus on increasing engagement in the process, as well as monitoring how co-production affects PBS outcomes.

Originality/value
This paper summarises some of the approaches used to support people with intellectual disabilities to engage in the assessment of their behaviours that challenge and the development of their own PBS plans. This should encourage health-care professionals to consider how to use alternative and augmentative communication strategies to facilitate co-production in their own clinical practice.
Fungal response to abruptly or gradually delivered antifungal agent amphotericin B is growth stage dependent
Authors: Li Erqin , Krsmanovic Aleksandra , Ballhausen Max‐Bernhard , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryAnthropogenic disturbances pose a multitude of novel challenges to ecosystems. While many experiments have tested effects using abrupt treatment applications, most environmental changes in fact are gradual. Since ecosystem responses might be highly dependent on the temporal nature of stressors, it is crucial to differentiate the effects of abrupt vs gradual treatment application. Antifungal agents, which are widely used in disease control both for humans and in agriculture, are becoming a new class of environmental contaminants. In this study, we examined the effect of a sub‐lethal application of one antifungal agent, amphotericin B. We applied different rates of delivery, e.g. gradual and abrupt, and monitored biomass and sporulation of the model fungus Neurospora crassa in a batch culture. Our results demonstrate that: (i) the effect size difference between abrupt and gradual treatments is fungal growth stage dependent and (ii) the gradual treatment clearly had a higher sporulation level compared with all types of abrupt treatments. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the rate of change in environmental change research and point to a new research direction for future global change studies. Furthermore, our results also have important implications for avoiding treatment‐induced spore production in agriculture and medical practise.
A cross‐sectional survey study on influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates and the factors affecting vaccination rates in hemodialysis patients in Kocaeli Province of Turkey
Authors: Mutlu Aşkın , Şengül Erkan , Boz Gülşah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the rates of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations and the factors affecting vaccination rates in hemodialysis patients.MethodsThe study included 360 hemodialysis patients. Patients' data were collected via a questionnaire form applied during a face‐to‐face interview.ResultsOf the patients, 51.4% vaccinated at least once with influenza vaccine and 14.4% vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine. While 31.4% of the patients had annual vaccination regularly for influenza, 20% were vaccinated irregularly. Of the patients with missing vaccination, 76.2% reported the reason for not being vaccinated as lack of knowledge about the relevant vaccine. At initial evaluation in the beginning of the study, the percentage of patients vaccinated with both influenza and pneumococcal vaccines was 10.8%. After informing the patients in the face‐to‐face interview, 89.7% of them reported that they planned to have both vaccines (p < 0.001). The rate of vaccine refusal, which was 17.8% at the initial evaluation, reduced to 10.3% at the end of the interview (p < 0.001). The most common source of information about influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (44%–43.3%, respectively) was dialysis nurses. Majority of the patients (87%) were vaccinated in the hemodialysis units.ConclusionThe rates of pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations in dialysis patients were observed to be below the targeted rates and the main reason for such low rates was lack of information/recommend. All health care professionals, providing the patients with information about vaccinations, using communication tools such as media, phone, mails that facilitate to reach large populations more easily may enhance vaccination rates.
A systematic review of parent report measures assessing the psychosocial impact of food allergy on patients and families
Authors: Proctor Kaitlin B. , Tison Katherine , H. Estrem Hayley , Park Jinhee , Scahill Lawrence , Vickery Brian P. , Sharp William G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundReducing the psychosocial impact of food allergy (FA) represents a top patient‐centered research priority. This priority recognizes that psychosocial impact is an important outcome of current FA therapies (eg, oral immunotherapy), as well as interventions aimed at improving overall quality of life and illness adaptation. Reliable and valid measurement is a necessary prerequisite to developing and evaluating current and emerging FA therapies and potential changes in psychosocial impact.MethodsIn this systematic review, we applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement to evaluate available parent report measures assessing the psychosocial impact of pediatric IgE‐mediated FA.ResultsThe systematic search yielded 64 articles involving 13 unique measures. Measures were evaluated through the lens of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) guidelines. Findings indicated that available measures show some evidence of reliability and validity; however, none completely adhere to PROMIS guidelines for measure development.ConclusionResults highlight a continued need to dedicate research to develop a measurement approach that assesses the full range of psychosocial impact that parents and families may experience as a result of FA, as well as serve as a research outcome as the field continues to develop effective treatments, including immunotherapy.
Serum osteocalcin levels at 4 months of age were associated with neurodevelopment at 4 years of age in term‐born children
Authors: Berggren Sara , Andersson Ola , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Dahlgren Jovanna , Roswall Josefine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe hormone osteocalcin influenced neurodevelopment and cognition in mice models; this human study explored potential associations between total serum levels in human infants and neurodevelopment at 4 years of age.MethodsThe data were based on two Swedish birth cohorts from 2008 to 2009. We followed 158 healthy full‐term vaginal births (51% girls) by measuring serum osteocalcin in cord blood and at 4, 12 and 36 months. The values were compared with neurodevelopment tests at 4 years of age.ResultsThere was an association between osteocalcin at 4 months and later full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ; r2 0.031, p < 0.05). Children with osteocalcin levels in the highest quartile scored 5.6 (95% confidence interval [1.3, 9.9]) points higher than those in the lowest quartile, with mean scores of 118.8 ± 8.8 and 113.2 ± 9.2 (p < 0.05). They also scored higher on gross motor skills (p < 0.05) and showed greater ability during the drawing trail test (p < 0.005). Cord levels of osteocalcin were negatively associated with processing speed and fine motor development at 4 years, but levels at 12 and 36 months were not associated with later neurodevelopment.ConclusionOsteocalcin levels in infancy appeared to be associated with later IQ and motor development, but more research is needed.
Development institutions of the Russian Far East and Asia‐Pacific countries: Goals, instruments, and results in comparative perspective
Authors: Kireev Anton , Sevastianov Sergei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe major innovation of the Far Eastern policy of Russia in the 2010s—the introduction of the macroregional system of development institutions—is studied today mainly as an intra‐Russian and economic phenomenon. In this article, we place studied development institutions in a wider social and international context. Identifying the origin, strategic goals, preferential instruments, and the results of functioning of the development institutions system of the Russian Far East, we compare it with analogous systems in Japan, Korea, China, Vietnam, Singapore, and India. The article concludes that there is an objectively conditioned typological proximity of the development institutions system of the Russian Far East with similar systems in China and Vietnam. We emphasize that this proximity is based on the similarity of the problems of the macroregion and the named countries, and, consequently, the goals of their development policies. On this basis, we recommend to increase the number of territorial development institutions in this macroregion of Russia, decentralize the regulation of Advanced Development Territories and Vladivostok Free Port, and involve private developers in the management of these institutuions.
‘I don't do it for the money, I do it for the kids’: Examining school foodservice staff and student interactions using the lens of school connectedness
Authors: Caruso Christine C. , Rosenthal Amy K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigated social interactions between students and school foodservice staff in six US school districts. Qualitative data was analysed from 23 in‐depth interviews with school foodservice managers and 17 focus groups in five high schools, seven middle schools and five elementary schools. Applying the lens of school connectedness, findings highlight the various forms of care experienced by students and staff. However, structural constraints limit opportunities for staff and students to interact and demonstrate care, suggesting potential opportunities for interventions to enhance the role of the cafeteria in contributing to students’ social‐emotional well‐being.
CoCrMo‐Nanoparticles induced peri‐implant osteolysis by promoting osteoblast ferroptosis via regulating Nrf2‐ARE signalling pathway
Authors: Xu Yiming , Sang Weilin , Zhong Yiming , Xue Song , Yang Mengkai , Wang Cong , Lu Haiming , Huan Renchun , Mao Xinjie , Zhu Libo , He Chuanglong , Ma Jinzhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesAseptic loosening (AL) is the most common reason of total hip arthroplasty (THA) failure and revision surgery. Osteolysis, caused by wear particles released from implant surfaces, has a vital role in AL. Although previous studies suggest that wear particles always lead to osteoblast programmed death in the process of AL, the specific mechanism remains incompletely understood and osteoblast ferroptosis maybe a new mechanism of AL.Materials and MethodsCoCrMo nanoparticles (CoNPs) were prepared to investigate the influence of ferroptosis in osteoblasts and calvaria resorption animal models. Periprosthetic osteolytic bone tissue was collected from patients who underwent AL after THA to verify osteoblast ferroptosis.ResultsOur study demonstrated that CoNPs induced significant ferroptosis in osteoblasts and particles induced osteolysis (PIO) animal models. Blocking ferroptosis with specific inhibitor Ferrostatin‐1 dramatically reduced particle‐induced ferroptosis in vitro. Moreover, in osteoblasts, CoNPs significantly downregulated the expression of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2), a core element in the antioxidant response. The overexpression of Nrf2 by siKeap1 or Nrf2 activator Oltipraz obviously upregulated antioxidant response elements (AREs) and suppressed ferroptosis in osteoblasts. Furthermore, in PIO animal models, the combined utilization of Ferrostatin‐1 and Oltipraz dramatically ameliorated ferroptosis and the severity of osteolysis.ConclusionsThese results indicate that CoNPs promote osteoblast ferroptosis by regulating the Nrf2‐ARE signalling pathway, which suggests a new mechanism underlying PIO and represents a potential therapeutic approach for AL.
A phase 1 multiple‐ascending dose study of tirzepatide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Furihata Kenichi , Mimura Hanaka , Urva Shweta , Oura Tomonori , Ohwaki Kenji , Imaoka Takeshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of tirzepatide in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis phase 1, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐dose, multiple‐ascending dose study randomized participants to once‐weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide or placebo. The tirzepatide treatment groups were: 5 mg (5 mg, weeks 1‐8), 10 mg (2.5 mg, weeks 1‐2; 5 mg, weeks 3‐4; 10 mg, weeks 5‐8), and 15 mg (5 mg, weeks 1‐2; 10 mg, weeks 3‐6; 15 mg, weeks 7‐8). The primary outcome was tirzepatide safety and tolerability.ResultsForty‐eight participants were randomized. The most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) were decreased appetite and gastrointestinal AEs, which were generally dose‐dependent and mild in severity. The plasma tirzepatide concentration half‐life was approximately 5 days. After 8 weeks of treatment, fasting plasma glucose decreased from baseline with tirzepatide versus placebo; the least squares (LS) mean decrease compared with placebo (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 52.7 (35.9‐69.6), 69.1 (52.3‐85.9), and 68.9 (53.2‐84.6) mg/dL in the 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐mg treatment groups, respectively (P < .0001 for all treatment groups). Tirzepatide also resulted in LS mean decreases from baseline versus placebo at 8 weeks in HbA1c up to 1.6% (95% CI 1.2%‐1.9%; P < .0001 for all treatment groups) and body weight up to 6.6 kg (95% CI 5.3‐7.9; P < .0001 for all treatment groups).ConclusionsAll tirzepatide doses were well tolerated. The safety, tolerability, PK, and PD profiles of tirzepatide support further evaluation of once‐weekly dosing in Japanese people with T2D.
High performance accelerators for deep neural networks: A review
Authors: Akhoon Mohd Saqib , Suandi Shahrel A. , Alshahrani Abdullah , Saad Abdul‐Malik H. Y. , Albogamy Fahad R. , Abdullah Mohd Zaid Bin , Loan Sajad A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe availability of huge structured and unstructured data, advanced highly dense memory and high performance computing machines have provided a strong push for the development in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) domains. AI and machine learning has rekindled the hope of efficiently solving complex problems which was not possible in the recent past. The generation and availability of big‐data is a strong driving force for the development of AI/ML applications, however, several challenges need to be addressed, like processing speed, memory requirement, high bandwidth, low latency memory access, and highly conductive and flexible connections between processing units and memory blocks. The conventional computing platforms are unable to address these issues with machine learning and AI. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely employed for machine learning and AI applications, like speech recognition, computer vison, robotics, and so forth, efficiently and accurately. However, accuracy is achieved at the cost of high computational complexity, sacrificing energy efficiency and throughput like performance measuring parameters along with high latency. To address the problems of latency, energy efficiency, complexity, power consumption, and so forth, a lot of state of the art DNN accelerators have been designed and implemented in the form of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This work provides the state of the art of all these DNN accelerators which have been developed recently. Various DNN architectures, their computing units, emerging technologies used in improving the performance of DNN accelerators will be discussed. Finally, we will try to explore the scope for further improvement in these accelerator designs, various opportunities and challenges for the future research.
Microbial chemolithotrophic oxidation of pyrite in a subsurface shale weathering environment: Geologic considerations and potential mechanisms
Authors: Napieralski Stephanie A. , Fang Yihang , Marcon Virginia , Forsythe Brandon , Brantley Susan L. , Xu Huifang , Roden Eric E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOxidative weathering of pyrite plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of Fe and S in terrestrial environments. While the mechanism and occurrence of biologically accelerated pyrite oxidation under acidic conditions are well established, much less is known about microbially mediated pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH. Recent work (Percak‐Dennett et al., 2017, Geobiology, 15, 690) has demonstrated the ability of aerobic chemolithotrophic microorganisms to accelerate pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH and proposed two mechanistic models by which this phenomenon might occur. Here, we assess the potential relevance of aerobic microbially catalyzed circumneutral pH pyrite oxidation in relation to subsurface shale weathering at Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory (SSHCZO) in Pennsylvania, USA. Specimen pyrite mixed with native shale was incubated in groundwater for 3 months at the inferred depth of in situ pyrite oxidation. The colonized materials were used as an inoculum for pyrite‐oxidizing enrichment cultures. Microbial activity accelerated the release of sulfate across all conditions. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic analysis revealed the dominance of a putative chemolithoautotrophic sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium from the genus Thiobacillus in the enrichment cultures. Previously proposed models for aerobic microbial pyrite oxidation were assessed in terms of physical constraints, enrichment culture geochemistry, and metagenomic analysis. Although we conclude that subsurface pyrite oxidation at SSCHZO is largely abiotic, this work nonetheless yields new insight into the potential pathways by which aerobic microorganisms may accelerate pyrite oxidation at circumneutral pH. We propose a new “direct sulfur oxidation” pathway, whereby sulfhydryl‐bearing outer membrane proteins mediate oxidation of pyrite surfaces through a persulfide intermediate, analogous to previously proposed mechanisms for direct microbial oxidation of elemental sulfur. The action of this and other direct microbial pyrite oxidation pathways have major implications for controls on pyrite weathering rates in circumneutral pH sedimentary environments where pore throat sizes permit widespread access of microorganisms to pyrite surfaces.