bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR-205-driven downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis through SQLE-inhibition identifies therapeutic vulnerability in aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Kalogirou C. , Linxweiler J. , Schmucker P. , Snaebjornsson M. T. , Schmitz W. , Wach S. , Krebs M. , Hartmann E. , Puhr M. , Müller A. , Spahn M. , Seitz A. K. , Frank T. , Marouf H. , Büchel G. , Eckstein M. , Kübler H. , Eilers M. , Saar M. , Junker K. , Röhrig F. , Kneitz B. , Rosenfeldt M. T. , Schulze A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) shows strong dependence on the androgen receptor (AR) pathway. Here, we show that squalene epoxidase (SQLE), an enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, is overexpressed in advanced PCa and its expression correlates with poor survival. SQLE expression is controlled by micro-RNA 205 (miR-205), which is significantly downregulated in advanced PCa. Restoration of miR-205 expression or competitive inhibition of SQLE led to inhibition of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, SQLE was essential for proliferation of AR-positive PCa cell lines, including abiraterone or enzalutamide resistant derivatives, and blocked transactivation of the AR pathway. Inhibition of SQLE with the FDA approved antifungal drug terbinafine also efficiently blocked orthotopic tumour growth in mice. Finally, terbinafine reduced levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in three out of four late-stage PCa patients. These results highlight SQLE as a therapeutic target for the treatment of advanced PCa.
Molecular recognition of an acyl-peptide hormone and activation of ghrelin receptor
Authors: Wang Yue , Guo Shimeng , Zhuang Youwen , Yun Ying , Xu Peiyu , He Xinheng , Guo Jia , Yin Wanchao , Xu H. Eric , Xie Xin , Jiang Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGhrelin, also called “the hunger hormone”, is a gastric peptide hormone that regulates food intake, body weight, as well as taste sensation, reward, cognition, learning and memory. One unique feature of ghrelin is its acylation, primarily with an octanoic acid, which is essential for its binding and activation of the ghrelin receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor. The multifaceted roles of ghrelin make ghrelin receptor a highly attractive drug target for growth retardation, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Here we present two cryo-electron microscopy structures of Gq-coupled ghrelin receptor bound to ghrelin and a synthetic agonist, GHRP-6. Analysis of these two structures reveals a unique binding pocket for the octanoyl group, which guides the correct positioning of the peptide to initiate the receptor activation. Together with mutational and functional data, our structures define the rules for recognition of the acylated peptide hormone and activation of ghrelin receptor, and provide structural templates to facilitate drug design targeting ghrelin receptor.
Superconductivity up to 243 K in the yttrium-hydrogen system under high pressure
Authors: Kong Panpan , Minkov Vasily S. , Kuzovnikov Mikhail A. , Drozdov Alexander P. , Besedin Stanislav P. , Mozaffari Shirin , Balicas Luis , Balakirev Fedor Fedorovich , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Chariton Stella , Knyazev Dmitry A. , Greenberg Eran , Eremets Mikhail I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe discovery of superconducting H3S with a critical temperature Tc∼200 K opened a door to room temperature superconductivity and stimulated further extensive studies of hydrogen-rich compounds stabilized by high pressure. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the yttrium-hydrogen system with the highest predicted Tcs among binary compounds and discuss the contradictions between different theoretical calculations and experimental data. We synthesized yttrium hydrides with the compositions of YH3, YH4, YH6 and YH9 in a diamond anvil cell and studied their crystal structures, electrical and magnetic transport properties, and isotopic effects. We found superconductivity in the Im-3m YH6 and P63/mmc YH9 phases with maximal Tcs of ∼220 K at 183 GPa and ∼243 K at 201 GPa, respectively. Fm-3m YH10 with the highest predicted Tc > 300 K was not observed in our experiments, and instead, YH9 was found to be the hydrogen-richest yttrium hydride in the studied pressure and temperature range up to record 410 GPa and 2250 K.
Variational preparation of finite-temperature states on a quantum computer
Authors: Sagastizabal R. , Premaratne S. P. , Klaver B. A. , Rol M. A. , Negîrneac V. , Moreira M. S. , Zou X. , Johri S. , Muthusubramanian N. , Beekman M. , Zachariadis C. , Ostroukh V. P. , Haider N. , Bruno A. , Matsuura A. Y. , DiCarlo L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe preparation of thermal equilibrium states is important for the simulation of condensed matter and cosmology systems using a quantum computer. We present a method to prepare such mixed states with unitary operators and demonstrate this technique experimentally using a gate-based quantum processor. Our method targets the generation of thermofield double states using a hybrid quantum-classical variational approach motivated by quantum-approximate optimization algorithms, without prior calculation of optimal variational parameters by numerical simulation. The fidelity of generated states to the thermal-equilibrium state smoothly varies from 99 to 75% between infinite and near-zero simulated temperature, in quantitative agreement with numerical simulations of the noisy quantum processor with error parameters drawn from experiment.
MethylSPWNet and MethylCapsNet: Biologically Motivated Organization of DNAm Neural Networks, Inspired by Capsule Networks
Authors: Levy Joshua J. , Chen Youdinghuan , Azizgolshani Nasim , Petersen Curtis L. , Titus Alexander J. , Moen Erika L. , Vaickus Louis J. , Salas Lucas A. , Christensen Brock C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDNA methylation (DNAm) alterations have been heavily implicated in carcinogenesis and the pathophysiology of diseases through upstream regulation of gene expression. DNAm deep-learning approaches are able to capture features associated with aging, cell type, and disease progression, but lack incorporation of prior biological knowledge. Here, we present modular, user-friendly deep-learning methodology and software, MethylCapsNet and MethylSPWNet, that group CpGs into biologically relevant capsules—such as gene promoter context, CpG island relationship, or user-defined groupings—and relate them to diagnostic and prognostic outcomes. We demonstrate these models’ utility on 3,897 individuals in the classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. MethylCapsNet and MethylSPWNet provide an opportunity to increase DNAm deep-learning analyses’ interpretability by enabling a flexible organization of DNAm data into biologically relevant capsules.
Environmental DNA preserved in marine sediment for detecting jellyfish blooms after a tsunami
Authors: Ogata Mizuki , Masuda Reiji , Harino Hiroya , Sakata Masayuki K. , Hatakeyama Makoto , Yokoyama Katsuhide , Yamashita Yoh , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) can be a powerful tool for detecting the distribution and abundance of target species. This study aimed to test the longevity of eDNA in marine sediment through a tank experiment and to use this information to reconstruct past faunal occurrence. In the tank experiment, juvenile jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were kept in flow-through tanks with marine sediment for two weeks. Water and sediment samples from the tanks were collected after the removal of fish. In the field trial, sediment cores were collected in Moune Bay, northeast Japan, where unusual blooms of jellyfish (Aurelia sp.) occurred after a tsunami. The samples were analyzed by layers to detect the eDNA of jellyfish. The tank experiment revealed that after fish were removed, eDNA was not present in the water the next day, or subsequently, whereas eDNA was detectable in the sediment for 12 months. In the sediment core samples, jellyfish eDNA was detected at high concentrations above the layer with the highest content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reflecting tsunami-induced oil spills. Thus, marine sediment eDNA preserves a record of target species for at least one year and can be used to reconstruct past faunal occurrence.
Metagenomic characterization of swine slurry in a North American swine farm operation
Authors: Ramesh Akshaya , Bailey Emily S. , Ahyong Vida , Langelier Charles , Phelps Maira , Neff Norma , Sit Rene , Tato Cristina , DeRisi Joseph L. , Greer Annette G. , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractModern day large-scale, high-density farming environments are inherently susceptible to viral outbreaks, inadvertently creating conditions that favor increased pathogen transmission and potential zoonotic spread. Metagenomic sequencing has proven to be a useful tool for characterizing the microbial burden in both people, livestock, and environmental samples. International efforts have been successful at characterizing pathogens in commercial farming environments, especially swine farms, however it is unclear whether the full extent of microbial agents have been adequately captured or is representative of farms elsewhere. To augment international efforts we performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing on nine swine slurry and three environmental samples from a United States of America (U.S.A.) farm operation, characterized the microbial composition of slurry, and identified novel viruses. We assembled a remarkable total of 1792 viral genomes, of which 554 were novel/divergent. We assembled 1637 Picobirnavirus genome segments, of which 538 are novel. In addition, we discovered 10 new viruses belonging to a novel taxon: porcine Statoviruses; which have only been previously reported in human, macaques, mouse, and cows. We assembled 3 divergent Posaviruses and 3 swine Picornaviruses. In addition to viruses described, we found other eukaryotic genera such as Entamoeba and Blastocystis, and bacterial genera such as Listeria, Treponema, Peptoclostridium and Bordetella in the slurry. Of these, two species Entamoeba histolytica and Listeria monocytogenes known to cause human disease were detected. Further, antimicrobial resistance genes such as tetracycline and MLS (macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin) were also identified. Metagenomic surveillance in swine fecal slurry has great potential for novel and antimicrobial resistant pathogen detection.
Stability of diagnostic rate in a cohort of 38,813 colorectal polyp specimens and implications for histomorphology and statistical process control
Authors: Bonert Michael , Naqvi Asghar , Rahman Mozibur , Marshall John K. , Xenodemetropoulos Ted , Arora Paul , Slater Justin , Major Pierre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work sought to quantify pathologists’ diagnostic bias over time in their evaluation of colorectal polyps to assess how this may impact the utility of statistical process control (SPC). All colorectal polyp specimens(CRPS) for 2011–2017 in a region were categorized using a validated free text string matching algorithm. Pathologist diagnostic rates (PDRs) for high grade dysplasia (HGD), tubular adenoma (TA_ad), villous morphology (TVA + VA), sessile serrated adenoma (SSA) and hyperplastic polyp (HP), were assessed (1) for each pathologist in yearly intervals with control charts (CCs), and (2) with a generalized linear model (GLM). The study included 64,115 CRPS. Fifteen pathologists each interpreted > 150 CRPS/year in all years and together diagnosed 38,813. The number of pathologists (of 15) with zero or one (p < 0.05) outlier in seven years, compared to their overall PDR, was 13, 9, 9, 5 and 9 for HGD, TVA + VA, TA_ad, HP and SSA respectively. The GLM confirmed, for the subset where pathologists/endoscopists saw > 600 CRPS each(total 52,760 CRPS), that pathologist, endoscopist, anatomical location and year were all strongly correlated (all p < 0.0001) with the diagnosis. The moderate PDR stability over time supports the hypothesis that diagnostic rates are amendable to calibration via SPC and outcome data.
Tetra-gel enables superior accuracy in combined super-resolution imaging and expansion microscopy
Authors: Lee Hsuan , Yu Chih-Chieh , Boyden Edward S. , Zhuang Xiaowei , Kosuri Pallav 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe accuracy of expansion microscopy (ExM) depends on the structural preservation of samples embedded in a hydrogel. However, it has been unknown to what extent gel embedding alters the molecular positions of individual labeled sites. Here, we quantified the accuracy of gel embedding by using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to image DNA origami with well-defined structures. We found that embedding in hydrogels based on polyacrylamide, the most widely used chemistry in ExM, resulted in random displacements of labeled sites with a standard deviation of ~ 16 nm. In contrast, we found that embedding in tetra-gel, a hydrogel that does not depend on free-radical chain-growth polymerization, preserved labeled sites with a standard deviation of less than 5 nm. By combining tetra-gel ExM with STORM, we were able to resolve 11-nm structural features without the loss in accuracy seen with polyacrylamide gels. Our study thus provides direct measurements of the single-molecule distortions resulting from hydrogel embedding, and presents a way to improve super-resolution microscopy through combination with tetra-gel ExM.
Longitudinal study of risk factors for decreased cross-sectional area of psoas major and paraspinal muscle in 1849 individuals
Authors: Murata Yoichi , Nakamura Eiichiro , Tsukamoto Manabu , Nakagawa Toru , Takeda Masaru , Kozuma Mio , Kadomura Takayuki , Narusawa Kenichiro , Shimizu Kenji , Uchida Soshi , Hayashi Takeshi , Sakai Akinori 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis 10-year retrospective observational study investigated longitudinal losses in psoas major and paraspinal muscle area in 1849 healthy individuals (1690 male, 159 female) screened using computed tomography. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant decreases in psoas major and paraspinal muscle area at 10 years relative to the baseline area regardless of age or sex, starting at 30 years of age. Only aging [≥ 50 s (odds ratio [OR]: 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–2.84; p = 0.03) and ≥ 60 s (OR: 2.67; 95% CI 1.55–4.60; p < 0.001)] was a risk factor for decreases in psoas major area. Age ≥ 60 years (OR: 2.05; 95% CI 1.24–3.39; p = 0.005), body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.01–1.73; p = 0.04), and visceral fat ≥ 100 cm2 (OR: 1.61; 95% CI 1.20–2.15; p = 0.001) were risk factors for decreases in paraspinal muscle area. Physical activity ≥ 900 kcal/week (OR: 0.68; 95% CI 0.50–0.94; p = 0.02) attenuated paraspinal muscle area loss in male. Our study demonstrated that walking > 45 min daily (Calories = METs (walking: 3.0) × duration of time (h) × weight (60 kg) × 1.05) can reduce paraspinal muscle loss, which may in turn decrease the risk of falls, low-back pain, and sarcopenia.
Association between quality and duration of sleep and subjective cognitive decline: a cross-sectional study in South Korea
Authors: Joo Hye Jin , Joo Jae Hong , Kwon Junhyun , Jang Bich Na , Park Eun-Cheol 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSleep is being emphasized as a factor that improves mental health and quality of life. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between the quality and duration of sleep and subjective cognitive decline in the Korean population. We used the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey data that are nationwide representative data collected by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sleep quality was measured using the Korean version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The study population comprised 206,719 individuals aged 19 years and over. We used multiple logistic regression for the analysis. Individuals of both sexes with poor sleep quality were more likely to experience subjective cognitive decline compared with the reference group (good sleep quality) (men, odds ratio (OR) = 1.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.86–2.09]; women, OR = 1.75 [95% CI 1.67–1.84]). U-shape associations were found between sleep duration and subjective cognitive decline. Additionally, the presence of depressive symptom or stress and health-related behaviors, including smoking, drinking, and not walking, were high-risk factors for subjective cognitive decline. Our results indicate that poor sleep quality might contribute to subjective cognitive decline in the Korean population. We suggest the implementation of intervention measures for poor sleep behaviors to prevent cognitive decline.
Hypoglycemic and lipid lowering effects of theaflavins in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Cai Xiaqiang , Liu Zenghui , Dong Xu , Wang Ying , Zhu Luwei , Li Mengli , Xu Yan 
Published: August 2021

TFs, TF1, TF2a and TF3 administered to HFD mice not only decreased the level of blood glucose and HOMA-IR but also activated the SIRT6/AMPK/SREBP-1/FASN pathway to inhibite synthesis and accumulation of the lipids in the liver to ameliorate obesity.
3D complex envelope leapfrog ADI‐FDTD algorithm
Authors: Dong Yunyang , Zhou Jianyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a 3D complex envelope leapfrog alternating‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain method. Compared with the previous work, the proposed method costs less computation runtime and memory while maintaining similar accuracy. The stability, accuracy and efficiency of the method are demonstrated by the numerical examples.
Comportement au revenu
d'un acier du type Z80CDSV8.2.1.1
pour cylindres de laminoirs à chaud
Authors: Djebaïli H. 
Published: August 2021

Transformations in Cr-Mo-Si steels with a specific addition of Vanadium have been characterized
precisely as well as their effect on the hardness of the materials. A preliminary treatment in
the austenitic field leads to a limited enrichment of the matrix as well as temperature is less
than 1050°C : only M3C and M23C6 carbides may then be dissolved. On the contrary, the dissolution
of M7C3 and MC carbides is observed over 1100°C but is only partial even after treatment
at 1150°C. After quenching from three distinct temperatures (1050-1100 and 1150°C), the
microstructure consists of martensite, residual austenite and primary carbides (mainly M7C3
and MC type) ; different tempering treatments have been performed (isochronal, isothermal or
on continuous heating) using various physical methods (dilatometry, DTA and magnetic measurements,
TEM observations and hot hardness testing). According to the maximum θR temperature
reached, the following structural evolutions were observed :•ε carbide precipitates at θR < 250° C in the a’ matrix, then M3C carbide forms between 250 and 350°C which transforms in M7C3 carbide from 450 to 500°C. At the same time (300-
500°C) a secondary hardening occurs linked to the formation of very fine V4C3 carbides : a
progressive increase in hot hardness is observed while holding isothermally at 300-450°C.•From 450 to 600°C, the residual austenite is destabilized owing to the precipitation of small
carbides in α'/γ interfaces and may be transformed on cooling either in bainite or secondary
martensite. On the other hand that impoverished austenite may be transformed in (α + carbides)
between 600-700°C. Besides in the same temperature range, M6C and M23C6 may be
formed at the expense of fine M7C3 carbides previously formed.
Excessive Treadmill Training Produces different Cardiac-related MicroRNA Profiles in the Left and Right Ventricles in Mice
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Lin , Yin Xin , Zheng Yi Li , Zhang Hai Peng , Xu Sheng Jia , Wang Wei , Wang Sen , Zhang Chen Yu , Ma Ji Zheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh-volume training followed by inadequate recovery may cause overtraining. This process may undermine the protective effect of regular exercise on the cardiovascular system and may increase the risk of pathological cardiac remodelling. We evaluated whether chronic overtraining changes cardiac-related microRNA profiles in the left and right ventricles. C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control, normal training, and overtrained by running without inclination, uphill running or downhill running groups. After an 8-week treadmill training protocol, the incremental load test and training volume results showed that the model had been successfully established. The qRT-PCR results showed increased cardiac miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, miR-208b and miR-499 levels in the left ventricle of the downhill running group compared with the left ventricle of the control group. Similarly, compared with the control group, the downhill running induced increased expression of miR-21, miR-17–3p, and miR-29b in the left ventricle. Unlike the changes in the left ventricle, no difference in the expression of the tested miRNAs was observed in the right ventricle. Briefly, our results indicated that overtraining generally affects key miRNAs in the left ventricle (rather than the right ventricle) and that changes in individual miRNAs may cause either adaptive or maladaptive remodelling with overtraining.
Psychiatrisch Erscheinendes muss nicht immer psychiatrisch sein. Schwerhörigkeit als Ursache einer psychopathologischen Verdachtsdiagnose
Authors: Tränkner Anja , Steinberg Holger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Geschichte von Psychiatrie und Otologie gibt es Belege, dass psychische und Hörerkrankungen voneinander abhängen können. So wiesen z. B. Emil Kraepelin 1915 und eine 1962 publizierte Leipziger Reihenuntersuchung darauf hin, dass hörerkrankte Menschen häufiger psychisch auffällig werden oder psychisch erkranken als hörgesunde.Wir skizzieren den Fall einer Patientin, die vor und nach der Geburt einer Tochter psychopathologische Auffälligkeiten v. a. in der Aufmerksamkeit, kognitiven Umstellungsfähigkeit und sozialen Kompetenz aufwies. Nach der Diagnose einer beidseitigen mittelgradigen Schallempfindungsschwerhörigkeit und der Versorgung mit Hörgeräten war der psychopathologische Befund unauffällig. Der Fall kann eine Erinnerung dafür sein, dass nach wie vor Hörgeschädigte aufgrund ihrer fehlenden oder eingeschränkten Kommunikationsfähigkeit in der Versorgung durch fachspezifische Grenzen fallen.
The Effect of Lipoteichoic Acid from Lactobacillus plantarum on Dental Pulp Inflammation
Authors: Pribadi Nirawati , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Ismiyatin Kun , Putri Cindy Ramadhan , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Lactobacillus plantarum, a bacterium located in deep caries, has a virulence factor in the form of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which is found in the bacterial cell wall. LTA is able to trigger a neutrophils response in the dental pulp inflammation process within the first 6 to 24 hours. The quantity of bacteria is one factor influencing the increase in number of neutrophils in addition to the quality of the bacteria. This study seeks to analyze the effect of lipoteichoic acid of Lactobacillus plantarum (LTA-Lp) in the dental pulp inflammation by observing the number of neutrophil cells in a histopathological view.
Materials and Methods The LTA was isolated from L. plantarum. The left upper molar of Rattus novergicus was mechanically perforated under anesthesia to induce dental pulp inflammation. The perforated tooth was then induced by 10 and 15 µg/mL of LTA-Lp and then restored by a temporary filling. The perforated tooth in the control group was only restored by a temporary filling. After 24, 48, and 72 hours, the tooth was extracted and then stained with hematoxylins and eosin to observe the neutrophils in the dental pulp via a light microscope.
Result The number of neutrophils in the dental pulp after induction by 15 µg/mL of LTA-Lp is higher than 10 µg/mL of LTA-Lp and both controls. There were significant differences in the number of neutrophils in the dental pulp, in each group on 24, 48, and 72 hours after LTA-Lp inducing (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The LTA-Lp dose of of 10 and 15 µg/mL affected the dental pulp inflammation by affecting the number of neutrophils.