bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable waste management in the Indonesian medical and health-care industry: technological performance on environmental impacts and occupational safety
Authors: Tseng Ming Lang , Ardaniah Viqi , Bui Tat-Dat , (Aaron) Jiun-Wei Tseng , Lim Ming K. , Ali Mohd Helmi 
Published: December 2021

PurposeSustainable waste management (SWM) leads to human safety by eliminating dangerous substances, increasing cost efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. Integrating social, economic and environmental factors is the standard for successfully implementing SWM. However, prior studies have not incorporated the triple bottom line with technological performance and occupational safety in establishing SWM. To drive sustainability in waste management, this study aims to provide a set of SWM attributes and identify a causality model based on the interrelationships among the attributes.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the Delphi method to list the relevant attributes and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) involving 18 experts from the medical and health-care industry to present the interrelationships indicating the group of cause–effect attributes of SWM.FindingsThe study selected 5 aspects and 20 criteria as the relevant attributes of SWM. The cause group consists of environmental impacts and occupational safety, with positive values of 27.031 and 24.499, respectively. The effect group includes technological performance, economic performance and social performance. In particular, the challenges and practices of technological performance are linked to environmental impacts and occupational safety.Practical implicationsThe top four criteria for industrial improvement are green practices, government policy and rules, the awareness of workers and waste separation and collection. These results present deeper insights into theoretical and managerial implications.Originality/valueThis study contributes to addressing the challenges and practices of SWM in technological performance leading to environmental impacts and occupational safety. Studies on the technological performance aspect in the causality relationships between environmental impacts and occupational safety are lacking. This study describes SWM using qualitative information and quantitative data.
Community patch dynamics governs direct and indirect nutrient recycling by aggregated animals across spatial scales
Authors: Atkinson Carla L. , Forshay Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnimals can have pervasive effects on ecosystems as they modify their biogeochemical and physical environments. In particular, when animals occur in high densities these effects can result in dramatic changes in the physical environment and biogeochemical hotspots or hot moments. While most research to date has focused on the direct role of animals in biogeochemical cycles, few have examined how animals indirectly influence biogeochemical cycles across scales.Freshwater mussels occur as spatially heterogeneous, dense and species‐rich aggregations in many river ecosystems world‐wide. Here we examined how mussel communities (a) directly influence the flux of particulate and dissolved nutrients and (b) indirectly effect the flux of N2production, via denitrification, across a gradient of mussel biomass and differences in community composition at the patch‐ (0.25 m2) and stream reach‐scales (60–80 m).We combined measurements of ammonia (N) and soluble reactive phosphorous (P) excretion and C, N and P biodeposition rates for 10 species with biomass and distribution estimates for seven mixed‐species aggregations to quantify direct mussel contributions to biogeochemical cycling and the spatial heterogeneity of their impact. Additionally, we sampled sediments at a fine spatial scale to determine how mussel biomass and richness influence potential denitrification (indirect flux) rates at the patch‐ and reach‐scales.We predicted that increasing mussel biomass would lead to greater direct and indirect fluxes of nutrients, manifesting in heterogeneous nutrient redistribution within and among stream reaches. We also predicted that variation in community composition would result in differential nutrient excretion and egestion stoichiometries.Our results indicate that mussel aggregations directly influence soluble and particulate nutrient fluxes with community composition, particularly phylogenetic tribe composition, controlling the stoichiometry. Mussel aggregations also indirectly influenced nutrient fluxes as greater mussel biomass and species richness resulted in higher denitrification rates as mediated by their interactions with the sediments and enhancement of nutrient availability. Our results underscore the importance of patchy communities in acting as biogeochemical control points.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Links between boreal forest management, soil fungal communities and below‐ground carbon sequestration
Authors: Jörgensen Karolina , Granath Gustaf , Strengbom Joachim , Lindahl Björn D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Forest management has a potential to alter below‐ground carbon storage. However, the underlying mechanisms, and the relative importance of carbon input and decomposition in regulation of soil carbon dynamics are poorly understood.

We examined whether interactive effects of forest fertilization and thinning on carbon stocks in the topsoil of boreal forests were linked to changes in fungal community composition, biomass and enzyme activities, in a long‐term fertilization and thinning experiment distributed across 29 Pinus sylvestris forests along a 1,300 km latitudinal transect in Sweden.

Nitrogen fertilization increased fungal biomass, particularly towards the north and mainly by promoting root‐associated Ascomycetes, but the response was moderated by thinning. Fungal biomass correlated positively with carbon stocks in the organic topsoil. However, ectomycorrhizal Cortinarius species were reduced in abundance by fertilization and correlated negatively with carbon stocks.

Plausibly, increased soil carbon stocks after fertilization are linked to increased input of carbon in the form of root‐associated mycelium combined with the loss of ectomycorrhizal decomposers within the genus Cortinarius. These fungal responses to fertilization may mediate a natural climate solution by promoting carbon sequestration in the organic topsoil, but the effect of fertilization may also be undesired from a biodiversity perspective.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Ruminating on the science of carbon ranching
Authors: Reinhart Kurt O. , Sanni Worogo Hilaire S. , Rinella Matthew J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

There is interest in reducing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by managing livestock grazing to increase carbon (C) storage in soil. However, our understanding of the value of this practice of ‘C ranching’ is based on studies suffering substantial, overlooked methodological problems.

We reviewed research into effects of grazing treatments on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (mass SOC × area₋1). We show the empirical basis for C ranching (C offset) projects relies mainly on studies with unrealistic and overly simplistic livestock grazing treatments (e.g. grazed vs. not grazed), suboptimal experimental designs (e.g. lack pretreatment data, low number of treatment replications) and problematic SOC stock metrics.

Synthesis and applications. It is not clear that grazing treatments differ enough in their effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks to reliably offset CO2 generated by human activities and/or reduce CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Therefore, we caution against overselling the value of carbon (C) ranching. Knowledge of C ranching effects on SOC is inadequate to justify C offset projects that provide ranchers with payment for environmental services. To better quantify benefits of C ranching, we advise using current best practices and expanding C ranching research with more realistic treatments over either broader spatio‐temporal scales and/or climate change treatments (e.g. drought, warming, elevated CO2).
Colposcopic assessment by Swedescore, evaluation of effectiveness in the Swedish screening programme: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alfonzo Emilia , Holmberg Erik , Milsom Ian , Strander Björn 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and performance of Swedescore in the Swedish screening programme.DesignCross‐sectional register study.Setting and PopulationAll Swedish women aged over 18 years with a colposcopic assessment linked to a biopsy in the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry, 2015–20.MethodsColposcopies with Swedescore were compared with the histopathological diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+). The respective influence of cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, at referral for colposcopy and concurrently with colposcopy, were investigated in regression models.Main Outcome MeasuresCIN2+.ResultsA total of 11 317 colposcopic assessments with Swedescore were included. Odds ratios for CIN2+ increased for every step in the Swedescore scale. At Swedescore ≥0–1, the proportion of CIN2+ was 9.8%. At Swedescore ≥8, the specificity was 93.3% and the positive predictive value was 60.1%, Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was 0.71. If the smear had been abnormal at referral, a normal colposcopy (Swedescore 0–1) was still associated with a CIN2+ risk of more than 5%. In the regression model, cytology and HPV had higher odds ratio for CIN2+ than colposcopy; the combination resulted in an AUC of 0.88.ConclusionsSwedescore works well in a routine clinical setting but colposcopy assessed with Swedescore was inferior to that reported in previous clinical studies. No safe cutoff level was identified for refraining from biopsy. See‐and‐treat at Swedescore 8–10 is feasible only if referral cytology showed high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.Tweetable AbstractNo safe cutoff level for refraining from biopsy nor for see‐and‐treat with Swedescore.
Burnout of the US midwifery workforce and the role of practice environment
Authors: Thumm E. Brie , Smith Denise C. , Squires Allison P. , Breedlove Ginger , Meek Paula M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of burnout among the midwifery workforce and the association between fixed personal and practice characteristics and modifiable organizational factors, specifically practice environment, to burnout among midwives in the United States.Data SourcePrimary data collection was conducted via an online survey of the complete national roster of certified nurse‐midwives and certified midwives over 3 weeks in April 2017.Study DesignThe study was a cross‐sectional observational survey consisting of 95 items about personal and practice characteristics, respondents' practice environments, and professional burnout.Data Collection MethodsThe inclusion criterion was actively practicing midwifery in the United States. Data were analyzed with bivariate analyses to determine the association between personal and practice characteristics and burnout. A hierarchal multilinear regression evaluated the interrelationship between personal and practice characteristics, practice environment, and burnout.Principal FindingsOf the almost one third (30.9%) of certified nurse‐midwives and certified midwives who responded to the survey, 40.6% met criteria for burnout. Weak negative correlations existed between burnout and indicators of career longevity: age (r(2256) = −0.09, p < 0.01), years as a midwife (r(2267) = −0.07, p = 0.01), and years with employer (r(2271) = −0.05, p = 0.02). There were significant relationships between burnout score and patient workload indicators: patients per day in outpatient setting (F(5,2292) = 13.995, p < 0.01), birth volume (F(3,1864) = 8.35, p < 0.01), and patient acuity (F(2,2295) = 20.21, p < 0.01). When the practice environment was entered into the model with personal and practice characteristics, the explained variance increased from 6.4% to 26.5% (F(20,1478) = 27.98, p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that a key driver of burnout among US midwives was the practice environment, specifically practice leadership and participation and support for the midwifery model of care. Structural and personal characteristics contributed less to burnout score than the practice environment, implying that prevention of burnout may be achieved through organizational support and does not require structural changes to the provision of perinatal health.
Recovered microbiome of an oviparous lizard differs across gut and reproductive tissues, cloacal swabs, and faeces
Authors: Bunker Marie E. , Martin Mark O. , Weiss Stacey L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicrobial diversity and community function are related, and can be highly specialized in different gut regions. The cloacal microbiome of Sceloporus virgatus females provides antifungal protection to eggshells, a specialized function that suggests a specialized microbiome. Here, we describe the cloacal, intestinal, and oviductal microbiome from S. virgatus gravid females, adding to growing evidence of microbiome localization in reptiles and other taxa. We further assessed whether common methods for sampling gastrointestinal (GI) microbes – cloacal swabs and faeces – provide accurate representations of these microbial communities. We found that different regions of the gut had unique microbial communities. The cloacal microbiome showed extreme specialization averaging 99% Proteobacteria (Phylum) and 83% Enterobacteriacaea (Family). Enterobacteriacaea decreased up the GI and reproductive tracts. Cloacal swabs recovered communities similar to that of lower intestine and cloacal tissues. In contrast, faecal samples had much higher diversity and a distinct composition (common Phyla: 62% Firmicutes, 18% Bacteroidetes, 10% Proteobacteria; common families: 39% Lachnospiraceae, 11% Ruminococcaceae, 11% Bacteroidaceae) relative to all gut regions. The common families in faecal samples made up <1% of cloacal tissue samples, increasing to 43% at the upper intestine. Similarly, the common families in gut tissue (Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacteraceae) made up <1% of the faecal microbiome. Further, we found that cloacal swabs taken shortly after defaecation may be contaminated with faecal matter. Our results serve as a caution against using faeces as a proxy for GI microbes, and may help explain high between‐sample variation seen in some studies using cloacal swabs.
Outcome of low‐dose prednisolone use for the induction of remission in lupus nephritis patients
Authors: Bandhan Iftekhar Hussain , Islam Md. Nazrul , Ahmad Habib Imtiaz , Ahmedullah Abul Khair 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of low‐dose prednisolone with conventional high‐dose regimen in proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) for remission.MethodsThis open‐label randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Rheumatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 32 LN patients were randomized into low‐dose (experimental) and high‐dose (control) groups. All subjects received standard dose of intravenous (I/V) methylprednisolone and pulse I/V cyclophosphamide. Oral prednisolone, 0.5 mg/kg/d and 1 mg/kg/d were given to experimental and control groups respectively for initially 4 weeks then tapered. The patients were followed for 24 weeks. The rates of renal remission (complete and partial) were assessed at 24 weeks. The disease activity, biochemical markers, and quality of life were evaluated at baseline and at 24 weeks.ResultsComplete renal remission was achieved by 66.7% of patients in each group (P = .99). Renal remission (partial/complete) was achieved by 86.7% and 83.3% of patients in the prednisolone low‐dose group and high‐dose group respectively (P = .99). In between groups, no significant difference was observed in the improvement of active urinary sediments, serum creatinine level, anti‐double‐stranded DNA level, complements level, disease activity and Short Form‐12 score. The prednisolone dose‐related adverse events like cushingoid facies, abdominal stria, infections and serious adverse events like death occurred more in the high‐dose prednisolone group.ConclusionsIt has been observed that low‐dose prednisolone regimen may be effective in LN. Steroid dose‐related side effects and rate of infections were lower in this group.
GinJinn2: Object detection and segmentation for ecology and evolution
Authors: Ott Tankred , Lautenschlager Ulrich 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Collection and preparation of empirical data still represent one of the most important, but also expensive steps in ecological and evolutionary/systematic research. Modern machine learning approaches, however, have the potential to automate a variety of tasks, which until recently could only be performed manually. Unfortunately, the application of such methods by researchers outside the field is hampered by technical difficulties.

Here, we present GinJinn2, a user‐friendly toolbox for deep learning‐based object detection and instance segmentation on image data. Besides providing a convenient command‐line interface to existing software libraries, it comprises several additional tools for data handling, pre‐ and postprocessing, and building advanced analysis pipelines.

We demonstrate the application of GinJinn2 for biological purposes using four exemplary analyses, namely the evaluation of seed mixtures, detection of insects on glue traps, segmentation of stomata and extraction of leaf silhouettes from herbarium specimens.

GinJinn2, by providing a coding‐free environment, will enable users with a primary background in biology to apply deep learning‐based methods for object detection and segmentation in order to automate feature extraction from image data.
Altered neural responses to missed chance contribute to the risk‐taking behaviour in individuals with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Huang Pujiang , Gong Yue , Wang Yifan , Wu Yuyan , Wang Chenggong , Guo Xiuyan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMissed chance is a powerful factor in shaping risk‐taking behaviour. The abnormal risk‐taking behaviour is an obvious feature of individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the relationship between the neural responses to missed chance and risk‐taking behaviour in IGD individuals remains unclear. In the current fMRI study, 28 IGD subjects (12 female, 23.04 ± 2.43 years old) and 26 healthy control (HC) subjects (13 female, 23.58 ± 2.67 years old) participated in fMRI scanning during performance of a sequential risk‐taking task. The general linear model and the psycho‐physiological interaction analyses were conducted to explore the difference in neural responses between the two groups. The results showed that IGD subjects reported more regret for the large missed chance and took more risk than HC subjects. Moreover, compared with HC subjects, IGD subjects exhibited greater activations in brain regions like ventral striatum (VS) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and stronger VS‐thalamus functional connectivity for the large missed chance. Additionally, among IGD subjects, the SFG activation for the large missed chance was positively correlated with the risk‐taking behaviour. Together, the results revealed the altered neural responses to missed chance contributed to the risk‐taking behaviour in IGD individuals. The findings could help to clearly understand why IGD individuals continue playing online games despite the risks of widely known and could provide a new perspective for the intervention of IGD.
Delayed greening during leaf expansion under ambient and elevated CO2 in tropical tree seedlings
Authors: Vogado Nara O. , Cheesman Alexander W. , Cernusak Lucas A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTropical tree species employ varying strategies in young leaves to minimise losses to herbivory. The young leaves of species with delayed greening are thought to be less visible to herbivores, but likely incur a cost to leaf‐level carbon gain via lower photosynthetic rates during leaf development. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations may reduce the cost of delayed greening, and/or modify leaf expansion rates, altering the ecological interaction of species. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on physiological responses of three Australian rainforest tree species, two with delayed greening in young leaves. Net photosynthesis rates were significantly lower in recently flushed leaves of species with delayed greening than in the species with normal greening. Yet, surprisingly, total nitrogen concentrations were higher in the former than in the latter. Intrinsic water‐use efficiency increased at a steeper rate during leaf development under elevated CO2 in all three species, irrespective of greening strategy. Leaf growth rate, in terms of area expansion, did not increase under elevated CO2 in any of the species. Although elevated CO2 did not boost the performance of the delayed greening species more than that of the normal greening species, we found higher nitrogen concentrations in their young leaves. This supports the intriguing possibility that delayed greening may have evolved in these species to protect young leaves that are especially rich in nitrogen.
Rare colour in medieval China: Case study of yellow pigments on tomb mural paintings at Xi'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang dynasty
Authors: Guo Rui , Feng Jian , Liu Ruiliang , Xia Yin , Fu Qianli , Xi Na , Wang Zhan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractYellow colourants appear to have been rarely employed for tombs mural paintings in ancient China. The recently discovered mural paintings at Xi'an (dated to the Tang dynasty, 618–907 ce) offer fresh materials for characterization of yellow pigments, which can be potentially useful for filling the gap of the yellow pigments. Multi‐analytical approaches have been applied in this study, including chromaticity analysis, cross‐section, polarizing microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction. The results show that the yellow pigment in three tombs is goethite (FeO[OH]), whereas in a late Tang tomb is vanadinite (Pb5[VO4]3Cl). Compared to geothite, vanadinite is even more rarely found in tomb mural painting and fewer reports have been mentioned, which led us to think about the accessibility of such pigment. Interestingly, Chinese craftspeople had a long history of interacting with the iron‐ or lead‐bearing minerals related to these yellow pigments, and there seem no critical technological barriers against extracting and using yellow by the Tang dynasty. The lack of yellow colourants in China tomb murals is more likely to be a cultural rather than technological choice.