bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth Program in Reducing Alcohol-Related Harms in Young Naval Trainees
Authors: Watterson Jason R , Gabbe Belinda , Dietze Paul , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
The aim of this study was to test whether participation in an alcohol risk reduction program known as Prevent Alcohol and Risk-Related Trauma in Youth (P.A.R.T.Y.) is effective in reducing the prevalence of risky drinking at 12 months’ post-intervention in a sample of Royal Australian Navy (RAN) trainees.

Methods
A non-blinded randomized controlled trial of 952 RAN trainees comparing two forms of P.A.R.T.Y. plus RAN annual alcohol and other drug awareness training with annual alcohol and other drugs awareness training only (Control). Participants were screened at baseline and at 12-month follow-up using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Participants were randomized to one of three arms: (1) in-hospital P.A.R.T.Y program, (2) on-base P.A.R.T.Y. program, or (3) control.
The primary outcome measure was the percentage of participants reporting an AUDIT score of 8 or above at 12 months in each group. A secondary outcome considered was reports of alcohol-related incidents in the 12-month follow-up.

Results
There was no difference in the risk of reporting an AUDIT score of 8 or above in either the in-hospital (Relative Risk (RR) 0.96, 95% CI: 0.75-1.23; P = .75) or on-base (RR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.89-1.369; P = 0.35) intervention groups, compared to the control group. Compared to the on-base group, there was no difference in the risk of reporting an AUDIT score of 8 or above in the in-hospital group (RR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.90-1.48; P = .24). The rate of reporting an alcohol-related incident was not different for the in-hospital (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.60, 95% CI: 0.27-1.33; P = .21) or on-base (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.21-1.16; P = .11) intervention groups when compared to the control group.

Conclusion
Participation in either an on-base or an in-hospital P.A.R.T.Y. program did not affect the proportion of naval trainee participants screening positive for risky drinking on the AUDIT.
Low back pain prevalence, beliefs and treatment-seeking behaviour in multi-ethnic Suriname
Authors: Ho-A-Tham Nancy , Ting-A-Kee Beverly , Struyf Niels , Vanlandewijck Yves , Dankaerts Wim 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aims were to determine, for the first time, the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in urban and rural communities and to assess back beliefs and treatment-seeking behaviour in Suriname, a multi-ethnic country in the Caribbean community.

Methods
A cross-sectional community-based survey using the Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases methodology was performed between April 2016 and July 2017. Information was collected on LBP prevalence and LBP-related treatment seeking, beliefs about LBP [Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ)], level of disability (Oswestry Disability Index) and the risk of developing persistent disabling pain (Start Back Screening Tool).

Results
A total of 541 out of 2902 individuals reported current acute or chronic LBP. It was more prevalent in urban (20.2%) than in rural (13.7%) communities, especially in females and older adults (&gt;55 years of age). Individuals from rural areas [median BBQ = 18.00 (14.00–22.00)] had significantly more negative beliefs than the urban population [median BBQ = 25.00 (19.00–31.00); P &lt; 0.001]. Maroons displayed more negative beliefs than Creole (P = 0.040), Hindustani (P &lt; 0.001), Javanese (P &lt; 0.001) and mixed ethnicity (P &lt; 0.001) groups. At least 75% of the LBP population sought care, especially from a western health-care practitioner. Seeking treatment and having a higher risk of developing persistent disabling pain was significantly associated with more disability (P &lt; 0.001). Age ≥45 years (P &lt; 0.001), Indigenous ethnicity (P &lt; 0.05) and functional disability (P &lt; 0.001) were factors influencing treatment seeking.

Conclusion
Low back pain is a prevalent health problem in the Surinamese urban community, especially in older adults and among females. Most individuals experiencing LBP visited a western health-care practitioner and had more negative beliefs compared with other communities.
Proboscis sensory cells in Nemertea: comparative morphology and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Magarlamov Timur Yu , Chernyshev Alexei V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Analyses of molecular data have clarified the phylogenetic relations between classes and orders of the phylum Nemertea as a whole, but the ‘deficit’ of morphological synapomorphies characterizing main clades remains problematic. Characters identified with classic histological studies of nemerteans reveal a high level of homoplasy, thus complicating the search for synapomorphies. To identify more potential synapomorphies, sensory cells of the proboscis epithelium of 39 nemertean species were studied with electron and confocal laser-scanning microscopes. Three types of sensory cells were described: monociliated (found in nemerteans from all orders), multiciliated (found only in polystiliferous hoplonemerteans) and nonciliated (found in two species of monostiliferous hoplonemerteans) sensory cells. Monociliated sensory cells of the proboscis have a common structure, differing from monociliated sensory cells of the epidermis and cerebral organ canals. Each monociliated cell consists of a cilium with a bulb-like expanded tip surrounded by a cone-like collar of microvilli, an intra-epithelially located body (perikaryon) and a single basal process (axon). Some features of the monociliated sensory cell structure are thought to provide solid mechanical support. Specific features in the structure of the axial rootlets, cilia, microvillus collars and their microfilaments, considered synapomorphies/autapomorphies, were revealed in the representatives of some nemertean taxa.
Recognition of Microbe- and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns by Leucine-Rich Repeat Pattern Recognition Receptor Kinases Confers Salt Tolerance in Plants
Authors: Loo Eliza P.-I. , Tajima Yuri , Yamada Kohji , Kido Shota , Hirase Taishi , Ariga Hirotaka , Fujiwara Tadashi , Tanaka Keisuke , Taji Teruaki , Somssich Imre E. , Parker Jane E. , Saijo Yusuke 
Published: November 2021

In plants, a first layer of inducible immunity is conferred by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind microbe- and damage-associated molecular patterns to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). PTI is strengthened or followed by another potent form of immunity when intracellular receptors recognize pathogen effectors, termed effector-triggered immunity. Immunity signaling regulators have been reported to influence abiotic stress responses as well, yet the governing principles and mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here, we report that PRRs of a leucine-rich repeat ectodomain also confer salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, following recognition of cognate ligands such as bacterial flagellin (flg22 epitope) and elongation factor Tu (elf18 epitope), and the endogenous Pep peptides. Pattern-triggered salt tolerance (PTST) requires authentic PTI signaling components; namely, the PRR-associated kinases BAK1 and BIK1 and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD. Exposure to salt stress induces the release of Pep precursors, pointing to the involvement of the endogenous immunogenic peptides in developing plant tolerance to high salinity. Transcriptome profiling reveals an inventory of PTST target genes, which increase or acquire salt responsiveness following a preexposure to immunogenic patterns. In good accordance, plants challenged with nonpathogenic bacteria also acquired salt tolerance in a manner dependent on PRRs. Our findings provide insight into signaling plasticity underlying biotic or abiotic stress cross-tolerance in plants conferred by PRRs.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Effect of Noise Reduction on Cortical Speech-in-Noise Processing and Its Variance due to Individual Noise Tolerance
Authors: Kim Subong , Wu Yu-Hsiang , Bharadwaj Hari M. , Choi Inyong 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
Despite the widespread use of noise reduction (NR) in modern digital hearing aids, our neurophysiological understanding of how NR affects speech-in-noise perception and why its effect is variable is limited. The current study aimed to (1) characterize the effect of NR on the neural processing of target speech and (2) seek neural determinants of individual differences in the NR effect on speech-in-noise performance, hypothesizing that an individual’s own capability to inhibit background noise would inversely predict NR benefits in speech-in-noise perception.

Design:
Thirty-six adult listeners with normal hearing participated in the study. Behavioral and electroencephalographic responses were simultaneously obtained during a speech-in-noise task in which natural monosyllabic words were presented at three different signal-to-noise ratios, each with NR off and on. A within-subject analysis assessed the effect of NR on cortical evoked responses to target speech in the temporal-frontal speech and language brain regions, including supramarginal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere. In addition, an across-subject analysis related an individual’s tolerance to noise, measured as the amplitude ratio of auditory-cortical responses to target speech and background noise, to their speech-in-noise performance.

Results:
At the group level, in the poorest signal-to-noise ratio condition, NR significantly increased early supramarginal gyrus activity and decreased late inferior frontal gyrus activity, indicating a switch to more immediate lexical access and less effortful cognitive processing, although no improvement in behavioral performance was found. The across-subject analysis revealed that the cortical index of individual noise tolerance significantly correlated with NR-driven changes in speech-in-noise performance.

Conclusions:
NR can facilitate speech-in-noise processing despite no improvement in behavioral performance. Findings from the current study also indicate that people with lower noise tolerance are more likely to get more benefits from NR. Overall, results suggest that future research should take a mechanistic approach to NR outcomes and individual noise tolerance.
Pulse Granuloma–Like Reaction on the Forearm Following an Accidental Wound
Authors: Gil-Pallares Pedro , Vilas-Sueiro Alejandro , Monteagudo Benigno , Mosquera-Martínez María Teresa , Fernandez-Flores Angel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Pulse granulomas are uncommon reactions to vegetable exogenous matter characterized by the presence of hyaline rings. Although they are usually found in the oral cavity or along the gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts, there are a few cases described outside those regions. We present the first case of a granulomatous reaction with hyaline rings in the skin reaction after an accidental wound and suggest the term pulse granuloma-like to describe lesions that resemble pulse granulomas but with no connection to the gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts. Moreover, we provide a graphic comparison of the hyaline rings observed in our case and the histologic sections of some plants that could have been involved.
Cutaneous Actinomycosis of the Perineum in an Immunocompetent Man
Authors: Sanford Jeffrey A. , Rush Walter L. , Klassen-Fischer Mary K. , Allbritton Jill I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
We present a case of primary cutaneous actinomycosis of unclear pathogenesis. A 30-year-old-man with no significant medical or surgical history presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of a tender perineal mass. The patient denied trauma or perforating injury to the area. Examination of the area revealed an indurated, nonfluctuant, erythematous papulonodule located 2 cm from the anus. The lesion was unresponsive to oral and topical antibiotics and was therefore excised. The excision specimen revealed a dense mixed infiltrate partially filling the reticular dermis and extending into the subcutaneous fat. The infiltrate surrounded grains of basophilic material with an outer rim of eosinophilic radiating Splendore–Hoeppli material. Within the grains, filamentous bacteria were highlighted with Periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott's methenamine silver. The organisms were gram-positive and acid-fast negative. Given the clinical and histopathologic findings, actinomycosis was diagnosed. Two weeks later, the patient reported resolution of symptoms. The patient was lost to follow-up. This case highlights an unusual presentation of actinomycosis and the crucial role histopathology plays in diagnosis.
Mitochondrial DNA methylation drift and postoperative delirium in mice
Authors: Liu Yue , Song Fen , Yang Yan , Yang Shuai , Jiang Ming , Zhang Wei , Ma Zhengliang , Gu Xiaoping 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND
Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to the etiopathogenesis of postoperative delirium (POD), which severely affects the prognosis of elderly patients undergoing surgery. The methylation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a new and incompletely described phenomenon that regulates the structure and function of mitochondria, is associated with ageing. However, the relationship between mtDNA methylation and POD has not been established.

OBJECTIVE
To explore the potential roles of mitochondrial epigenetic regulation in POD.

DESIGN
A randomised animal study.

PARTICIPANTS
Eighty-eight 6-month-old and one hundred seventy-six 18-month-old male C57BL/6N mice.

INTERVENTIONS
POD was induced by abdominal surgery under 1.4% isoflurane for 2 h. Behavioural tests were performed at 24 h before surgery and at 6, 9 and 24 h after surgery.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
5-methylcytosine (5-mC) at five CpG sites of the displacement loop (D-loop) and at 60 CpG sites of coding gene loci in the mitochondrial genome after surgery of the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex in 6 and 18-month-old mice were detected using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial gene expression and mtDNA copy number were also examined using Electron microscopy and real time PCR to find the association with mtDNA methylation.

RESULTS
The mtDNA methylation drift manifested as a decrease in the methylation levels at the D-loop and an increase or decrease in the methylation levels at several coding gene loci, ultimately resulting in reduced mtDNA copy numbers, altered mitochondrial gene expression and damaged mitochondrial structures in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex after surgery. The activation of Silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) ameliorated anaesthesia-induced and surgery-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and delirium-like behaviours by regulating mtDNA methyltransferase-mediated mtDNA methylation.

CONCLUSION
These data support the existence of epigenetic mtDNA regulation in POD; however, further studies are required to explore the specific mechanisms.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
No 20181204 Drum tower hospital.
Interindividual Variability in the Bioavailability of Gabapentin Enacarbil Extended Release in Healthy Adults: An Analysis of Data From 6 Phase I Studies
Authors: Lal Ritu , Ellenbogen Aaron , Gidal Barry 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The absorption and bioavailability of oral gabapentin are associated with a high degree of interindividual variability. Gabapentin enacarbil, a prodrug of gabapentin, is well absorbed and provides sustained, dose-proportional exposure to gabapentin. The aim of this analysis was to describe the interindividual variability in the bioavailability of gabapentin after gabapentin enacarbil administration in healthy subjects.

Methods:
Gabapentin pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters after an oral dose of gabapentin enacarbil 1200 mg (2 600-mg tablets) were compared across 6 phase I studies in healthy adults (n = 12 per study). The distribution of bioavailability values was assessed in all studies.

Results:
The mean PK parameters of gabapentin were consistent across the trials: maximum concentration range: 6.4–7.9 μg/mL, time to maximum concentration range: 5.2–8.2 hours, area under the plasma–concentration curve extrapolated from time 0 to infinity or at steady state range: 70.8–109.4 μg·h/mL, and bioavailability range: 64.8%–82.9%. Overall, the mean bioavailability was 74.1% (SD, 14.1; coefficient of variation, 19.1%). Individual bioavailability across all studies ranged from 42% to 100%.

Conclusions:
Gabapentin PK after gabapentin enacarbil administration was consistent across studies, with low interindividual variability in bioavailability. Gabapentin enacarbil may provide more consistent and predictable exposure to gabapentin than oral gabapentin formulations.
Surgical Reconstruction of Severe Tophaceous Gout in the Hand: A Customized Approach
Authors: Galeano Mariarosaria , Colonna Michele R. , Pfanner Sandra , Ceruso Massimo 
Published: November 2021

Summary:
Tophaceous gout can represent a major problem for hand surgeons when it turns into aggressive nodules, spreading and destroying soft tissue and bone. The combination of ablative and reconstructive surgery may also be complex when the patient refuses amputations and multiple segments are involved. We present a difficult case, where a customized approach, chosen according to the different features of the osteoarticular and tendon involvement of fingers, adopted different solutions for the four affected rays. A patient suffering from severe gout arthritis with osteoarticular destruction in both hands refused amputations and was treated with several reconstructive procedures. After excision of the tophaceous deposits, a long bone autograft, two segmental cement spacers together with distal arthrodeses, and an osteoarticular allograft were used. Functional pinches were maintained in both hands, even at a 13-year follow up, with the allograft preserved and working. On the other hand, significant osteolysis and bone resorption in all the segments that had undergone stabilization was documented, producing extrusion of both cement and distal interphalangeal joint fusion screws. Pre- and postoperation range of motion, visual analogue scale, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score, and pinch strength tests showed reduced pain and improved function. A review of literature is presented in particular regarding different reconstructive approaches. Combining different techniques in the same hand can lead to successful osteoarticular reconstruction after tophi resection, above all to avoid amputation. However, long-term follow up shows that functional osteoarticular reconstructions seem to be more stable, whereas osteolysis may damage bone grafts used for arthrodesis and produce screw extrusion.
Two parallel pathways are required for ultrasound-evoked behavioral changes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Magaram Uri , Weiss Connor , Vasan Aditya , Reddy Kirthi C. , Friend James , Chalasani Sreekanth H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUltrasound has been shown to affect the function of both neurons and non-neuronal cells. However, the underlying molecular machinery has been poorly understood. Here, we show that at least two mechanosensitive proteins act in parallel to generate C. elegans behavioral responses to ultrasound stimuli. We first show that these animals generate reversals in response to a single 10 msec pulse from a 2.25 MHz ultrasound transducer. Next, we show that the pore-forming subunit of the mechanosensitive channel TRP-4, and a DEG/ENaC/ASIC ion channel MEC-4, are both required for this ultrasound-evoked reversal response. Further, the trp-4 mec-4 double mutant shows a stronger behavioral deficit compared to either single mutant. Finally, overexpressing TRP-4 in specific chemosensory neurons can rescue the ultrasound-triggered behavioral deficit in the mec-4 null mutant, suggesting that these two pathways act in parallel. Together, we demonstrate that multiple mechanosensitive proteins likely cooperate to transform ultrasound stimuli into behavioral changes.
Emergence of an adaptive epigenetic cell state in human bladder urothelial carcinoma evolution
Authors: Xiao Yu , Jin Wan , Qian Kaiyu , Wu Kai , Wang Gang , Jiang Wei , Cao Rui , Ju Lingao , Zhao Yan , Zheng Hang , Liu Tongzu , Chang Luyuan , Xu Zilin , Wang Ting , Luo Jun , Shan Liuying , Yu Fang , Chen Xintong , Liu Dongmei , Cao Hong , Yang Zhonghua , Li Sheng , Shi Hongjie , Guo Zhongqiang , Gong Yan , Liu Nan , Li Shenjuan , Wang Yejinpeng , Cao Xinyue , Ding Wenjun , Zhou Wei , Cui Diansheng , Tian Ye , Ji Chundong , Luo Yongwen , Hong Xin , Ma Haoli , Chen Fangjin , Peng Minsheng , Zhang Yi , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of bladder cancer (BLCA) facilitates therapy resistance and immune evasion to affect clinical prognosis directly. However, the molecular and cellular mechanism generating ITH in BLCA remains elusive. Here we show that a TM4SF1-positive cancer subpopulation (TPCS) drives ITH diversification in BLCA. By extensive profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome of BLCA from 79 donors across all stages, we elucidated the evolution trajectories of luminal and basal BLCA. TPCS emerges from the basal trajectory and shows extensive transcriptional plasticity with a distinct epigenomic landscape. Clinically, TPCS were enriched in advanced stage patients and associated with poor prognosis. Our results showed how cancer adapts to its environment by adopting a stem cell-like epigenomic landscape.
A database and comprehensive analysis of the algae genomes
Authors: Shi Chengcheng , Liu Xiaochuan , Han Kai , Peng Ling , Li Liangwei , Ge Qijin , Fan Guangyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlgae characterize their high diversity, taxonomy and morphology for wide-used studying the plant origins and terrestrialization, as well as multicellular evolution. Due to the genome assembly challenge of algae caused by symbionts with microbiome, the published algae genomes are relatively less than the terrestrial plants. Here we comprehensively collected and re-annotated 191 available algae genomes distributed in nine major lineages. We systemically investigated the genome features including genome size, assembly continuity and integrity, GC content, abundance of repetitive sequences and protein-coding gene number. We construct the phylogenetic trees using 193 algae genomes, which is consistent with the well-known evolution path that Glaucophyte is the most ancient, going through eight lineages, and finally evolved to terrestrial plants. We also examined the Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) genes distribution in algae genomes and provides a substantial genomic resource for functional gene origins and plant evolution.
The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA): Development of a New Adapted Assessment Measure for Remote Telehealth Administration through COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Dow Deanna , Holbrook Alison , Toolan Christina , McDonald Nicole , Sterrett Kyle , Rosen Nicole , Kim So Hyun , Lord Catherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterest in telehealth assessment for autism has increased due to COVID-19 and subsequent expansion of remote psychological services, though options that are easy for clinicians to adopt and available through the lifespan are limited. The Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) provides a social context with standardized materials and activities that can be coded by clinicians trained in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). The current project examined psychometric properties to determine optimal use for each BOSA version. Three hundred and seven participants with 453 BOSAs were included to determine best performing items for algorithms, validity, sensitivity, specificity, recommended cut-offs, and proposed ranges of concern. While preliminary, the BOSA provides a promising new option for telehealth-administered assessment for autism.