bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationing of Nursing Care and Patient Safety
Authors: Witczak Izabela , Rypicz Łukasz , Karniej Piotr , Młynarska Agnieszka , Kubielas Grzegorz , Uchmanowicz Izabella 
Published: September 2021

Background: Nursing care has a significant impact on patient safety, which affects clinical outcomes, patients’ satisfaction with the care received and nursing personnel’s satisfaction with the care provided. This study aimed to determine the extent of nursing care rationing and its relationship with patient safety including identification of the specific reasons.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 245 nurses and was performed between April–June 2019 in four hospitals in Wrocław, Poland. The standardized and relevant research tools such as Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) and the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA) were used. The data was submitted to hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee and was followed with the STROBE guidelines.Results: The PIRNCA scores were negatively correlated with the HSOPSC subscales, which indicates that more frequent rationing of nursing care was associated with lower levels of patient safety parameters. It was shown that the highest level of unfinished nursing care was associated with decreases in patient safety factors linked with supervisor manager expectations actions promoting safety (rs = −0.321, p &lt; 0.001), teamwork within hospital units (rs = −0.377, p &lt; 0.001), feedback and communication about error (rs = −0.271, p &lt; 0.001), teamwork across hospital units (rs = −0.221, p &lt; 0.01), and hospital handoffs transitions (rs = −0.179, p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, the strongest association was observed between the PIRNCA scores with patient safety grade (rs = 0.477, p &lt; 0.001). Also, the PIRNCA scores among the internal unit were significantly higher than in the intensive care and surgical units.Conclusion: Our study indicated the presence of nursing care rationing. Regarding patient safety, we found insufficient numbers of medical personnel and excessive personnel workload for providing safe care to patients, a lack of transparency in handling adverse event reports and analyses, and a lack of cooperation between hospital units regarding patient safety.
The Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions in Healthy Young Men: Event-Related Potential and Behavioral Evidence
Authors: Liu Yutong , Peng Huini , Wu Jianhui , Duan Hongxia 
Published: September 2021

Background: Individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment present with a deficiency in emotional processing in later life. Most studies have focused mainly on childhood physical or sexual abuse; however, childhood emotional abuse, a core issue underlying different forms of childhood maltreatment, has received relatively little attention. The current study explored whether childhood emotional abuse is related to the impaired processing of emotional facial expressions in healthy young men.Methods: The emotional facial processing was investigated in a classical gender discrimination task while the event-related potentials (ERPs) data were collected. Childhood emotional abuse was assessed by a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) among 60 healthy young men. The relationship between the score of emotional abuse and the behavioral and the ERP index of emotional facial expression (angry, disgust, and happy) were explored.Results: Participants with a higher score of childhood emotional abuse responded faster on the behavioral level and had a smaller P2 amplitude on the neural level when processing disgust faces compared to neutral faces.Discussion: Individuals with a higher level of childhood emotional abuse may quickly identify negative faces with less cognitive resources consumed, suggesting altered processing of emotional facial expressions in young men with a higher level of childhood emotional abuse.
Smartphone Use and Psychological Well-Being Among College Students in China: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Dai Cheng , Tai Zixue , Ni Shan 
Published: September 2021

Background: Problematic smartphone use is widespread, and college-age youth faces an especially high risk of its associated consequences. While a promising body of research has emerged in recent years in this area, the domination of quantitative inquiries can be fruitfully and conceptually complemented by perspectives informed through qualitative research. Toward that end, this study aimed to interrogate the myriad behavioral, attitudinal, and psychological tendencies as a side effect of college students’ engagement with the smartphone in their everyday lived experience through in-depth interviews.Methods: We recruited 70 participants from seven college campuses hailing from different geographic regions in China, and conducted semi-structured in-depth virtual interviews via WeChat in November and December 2020. Subjective experiences, personal narratives and individual perceptions in the context of routine interaction with the smartphone were thematically analyzed through a reiterative process in an effort to detect prevailing threads and recurring subthemes.Results: The smartphone has established a pervasive presence in college students’ everyday life. Time-based use characteristics generated a typology of four distinct user groups: hypo-connected antagonists, balanced majority, hyper-connected enthusiasts, and indulgent zealots. Habitual usage falls on predictable patterns matched onto temporal, locale-based and contextual cues and triggers. Students’ dependency relationships with the smartphone have both functional and emotional dimensions, as prominently manifested in occasions of detachment from the device. Self-regulatory effort in monitoring and limiting use is significantly impacted by mental focus and personal goal setting. Perspectives from our qualitative data suggest the need for taking into account a variety of contextual cues and situational factors in dissecting psychological and emotional outcomes of smartphone use and abuse.
Toward a Biological, Psychological and Familial Approach of Eating Disorders at Onset: Case-Control ANOBAS Study
Authors: Sepúlveda Ana Rosa , Moreno-Encinas Alba , Martínez-Huertas José Angel , Anastasiadou Dimitra , Nova Esther , Marcos Ascensión , Gómez-Martínez Sonia , Villa-Asensi José Ramón , Mollejo Encarna , Graell Montserrat 
Published: September 2021

Eating disorders (ED) are considered as heterogeneous disorders with a complex multifactor etiology that involves biological and environmental interaction.Objective: The aim was to identify specific ED bio-psychological-familial correlates at illness onset.Methods: A case-control (1:1) design was applied, which studied 50 adolescents diagnosed with ED at onset (12–17 years old) and their families, paired by age and parents’ socio-educational level with three control samples (40 with an affective disorder, 40 with asthma, and 50 with no pathology) and their respective families. Biological, psychological, and familial correlates were assessed using interviews, standardized questionnaires, and a blood test.Results: After performing conditional logistic regression models for each type of variable, those correlates that showed to be specific for ED were included in a global exploratory model (R2 = 0.44). The specific correlates identified associated to the onset of an ED were triiodothyronine (T3) as the main specific biological correlate; patients’ drive for thinness, perfectionism and anxiety as the main psychological correlates; and fathers’ emotional over-involvement and depression, and mothers’ anxiety as the main familial correlates.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to use three specific control groups assessed through standardized interviews, and to collect a wide variety of data at the illness onset. This study design has allowed to explore which correlates, among those measured, were specific to EDs; finding that perfectionism and family emotional over-involvement, as well as the T3 hormone were relevant to discern ED cases at the illness onset from other adolescents with or without a concurrent pathology.
Catastrophic Health Expenditure Associated With Frailty in Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Fan Lijun , Hou Xiang-Yu , Liu Yingyan , Chen Sunan , Wang Qian , Du Wei 
Published: September 2021

Background: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) represents a key indicator for excessive financial burden due to out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare costs, which could push the household into poverty and is highly pronounced in households with members at an advanced age. Previous studies have been devoted to understanding the determinants for CHE, yet little evidence exists on its association with frailty, an important geriatric syndrome attracting growing recognition. We thus aim to examine the relationship between frailty and CHE and to explore whether this effect is moderated by socioeconomic-related factors.Methods: A total of 3,277 older adults were drawn from two waves (2011 and 2013) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). CHE was defined when OOP healthcare expenditure exceeded a specific proportion of the capacity of the household to pay. Frailty was measured following the Fried Phenotype (FP) scale. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were employed to assess the longitudinal relationship between frailty and CHE, and stratification analyses were conducted to explore the moderation effect.Results: The incidence of CHE among Chinese community-dwelling older adults was 21.76% in 2011 and increased to 26.46% in 2013. Compared with non-frail individuals, prefrail or frail adults were associated with higher odds for CHE after controlling for age, gender, residence, education, marriage, income, health insurance, smoking, drinking, and comorbidity (prefrail: odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.14–1.52; frail: OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.13–2.47). Three frailty components including weakness, exhaustion, and shrinking contributed to a significantly increased likelihood of CHE (all p &lt; 0.05), while the other two components including slowness and inactivity showed a non-significant effect (all p &gt; 0.05). Similar effects from frailty on CHE were observed across socioeconomic-related subgroups differentiated by gender, residence, education, household income, and social health insurance.Conclusions: Frailty is a significant predictor for CHE in China. Developing and implementing cost-effective strategies for the prevention and management of frailty is imperative to protect households from financial catastrophe.
PARENTING STRESS DENGAN KEKERASAN VERBAL PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Maghfiroh Laeli , Wijayanti Fiki 
Published: September 2021

Dampak pandemi COVID-19 di dunia pendidikan yaitu adanya kebijakan belajar dari rumah atau daring. Kondisi ini menjadi salah satu faktor pemicu parenting stress selama pandemi COVID-19. Orangtua yang tidak dapat mengelola parenting stress cenderung melakukan kekerasan verbal pada anak. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara parenting stress dengan kekerasan verbal pada anak usia sekolah. Desain penelitian deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah anak kelas 4, 5 dan 6 sebanyak 102 anak. Teknik sampling penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar kuesioner parenting stress dan kekerasan verbal. Analisis data menggunakan uji kendall tau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parenting stress dalam kategori rendah 46,1%, kategori sedang 43,1%, dan kategori tinggi 10,8%; kekerasan verbal pada anak dalam kategori rendah 78,4%, kategori sedang 18,6%, dan kategori tinggi 3%. Hasil uji statistik kendall tau didapatkan hasil p-value 0.001 artinya ada hubungan signifikan antara parenting stress dengan kekerasan verbal pada anak usia sekolah di masa pandemi COVID-19. Orangtua diharapkan mampu mengelola parenting stress sehingga meminimalkan kekerasan verbal.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for education is the existence of a policy of study from home or online study. This condition is one of the factors that trigger parenting stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents who cannot manage parenting stress tend to verbally abuse their children. The study aimed to identify the correlations between parenting stress and verbal abuse in school-age children. The study used descriptive correlational design with cross sectional approach. The population were 102 children in grades 4, 5, and 6. The sample were selected with total sampling technique. The data were collected with parenting stress and verbal abuse questionnaire. The data analysis used Kendall Tau Test. The results showed that parenting stress in the low category 46,1%, medium category 43,1%, and high category 10,8%; verbal violence against children was in the low category 78,4%, the medium category 18,6%, and the high category 3%. The results of the Kendall Tau Test showed a p-value 0.001 meaning that there was a significant relationship between parenting stress and verbal abuse in school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents are expected to be able to manage parenting stress to minimize verbal violence.
HUBUNGAN PASCA PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL DENGAN KESUBURAN PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Hindriyawati Wiwin , Nurwiandani Widy 
Published: September 2021

Kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan kontrasepsi yang diminati masyarakat. Kontrasepsi hormonal progestin terdiri dari KB suntik 3 bulan dan implant, kontrasepsi hormonal jenis kombinasi berisi estrogen dan progestin terdiri dari KB suntik 1 bulan. Persepsi masyarakat menganggap kontrasepsi hormonal dapat membuat seseorang mengalami gangguan kesuburan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan pasca pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kesuburan pada ibu hamil. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif correlation dengan pendekatan retrospektif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Uji statistik bivariat menggunakan kendall’s tau. Populasi ibu hamil yang pernah menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal di Desa Guwosari pada bulan November 2019-Januari 2020. Sampel penelitian 64 responden diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna pasca pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kesuburan pada ibu hamil (perolehan menstruasi p-value 0,003; perolehan kehamilan p-value 0,011). Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat hubungan bermakna pasca pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kesuburan pada ibu hamil.
People tend to use hormonal contraceptives. Progestin hormonal contraceptives consist of 3-month injectable contraceptives and implants, combined hormonal contraceptives contain estrogen and progestin consisting of 1-month injections. People have perception considers hormonal contraception that can make a woman experience fertility problem. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between post-hormonal contraceptive use and fertility in pregnant women. The research method was using descriptive correlation with a retrospective approach with a cross sectional design. Bivariate statistical test was using Kendall's tau. The population were pregnant women who have used hormonal contraception in Guwosari Village in November 2019-January 2020. The research sample of 64 respondents were taken using a purposive sampling technique. The result showed that there was a significant relationship after using hormonal contraception with fertility in pregnant women (menstrual gain p-value 0.003; pregnancy gain p-value 0.011). The conclusion of the study was there is a significant relationship after the use of hormonal contraception with fertility in pregnant women.
Identification of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Kidney Biopsy through Blood and Urinary Profiles of d-Serine
Authors: Iwata Yukimasa , Okushima Hiroki , Hesaka Atsushi , Kawamura Masataka , Imamura Ryoichi , Takahara Shiro , Horio Masaru , Tanaka Youko , Ikeda Tatsuhiko , Nakane Maiko , Mita Masashi , Hayashi Terumasa , Isaka Yoshitaka , Kimura Tomonori 
Published: September 2021

Key Points

The blood level of d-serine discriminates participants without kidney diseases, whereas the fractional excretion of d-serine is higher in diabetic nephropathy.The combined analysis of d-serine and clinical factors correctly predicted the presence of diabetic nephropathy.Analysis of d-serine in blood and urinary excretion is useful in identifying diabetic nephropathy in patients undergoing kidney biopsy.

Background
The diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), the major cause of ESKD, requires kidney biopsy. d-Serine, present only in trace amounts in humans, is a biomarker for kidney diseases and shows potential to distinguish the origin of kidney diseases, whose diagnoses usually require kidney biopsy. We extended this concept and examined the potential of d-serine in the diagnosis of DN.

Methods
We enrolled patients with biopsy sample–proven DN and primary GN (minimal change disease and IgA nephropathy) and participants without kidney disease. A total of 388 participants were included in this study, and d-serine levels in blood and urine were measured using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, and urinary fractional excretion (FE) of d-serine was calculated. Using data from 259 participants, we developed prediction models for detecting DN by logistic regression analyses, and the models were validated in 129 participants.

Results
A d-serine blood level of >2.34 μM demonstrated a high specificity of 83% (95% CI, 70% to 93%) for excluding participants without kidney diseases. In participants with a d-serine blood level >2.34 μM, the threshold of 47% in FE of d-serine provided an optimal threshold for the detection of DN (AUC, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76 to 0.95]; sensitivity, 79% [95% CI, 61% to 91%]; specificity, 83% [95% CI, 67% to 94%]). This plasma-high and FE-high profile of d-serine in combination with clinical factors (age, sex, eGFR, and albuminuria) correctly predicted DN with a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI, 72% to 99%) and a specificity of 79% (95% CI, 63% to 80%), and outperformed the model based on clinical factors alone in the validation dataset (P<0.02).

Conclusions
Analysis of d-serine in blood and urinary excretion is useful in identifying DN in patients undergoing kidney biopsy. Profiling of d-serine in patients with kidney diseases supports the suitable treatment through the auxial diagnosis of the origins of kidney diseases.
POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX FOR THE ESSENTIAL CEREAL CROPS VARIETIES (RICE BUHOOTH 1, AND CORN SYNTHETIC GENOTYPE BAGHDAD 3) (STUDY CASE) IN IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2012
Authors: & et al. Lateef 
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research was to analyze the economic impact of government intervention in the essential cereal crops for (Rice Buhooth1, and Synthetic genotype Baghdad3) by comparing the social price and private prices through adopting policy analysis matrix approach PAM and the derived parameters from it .The research was divided into two chapters; the first chapter was about field counting for the policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention on the Rice Buhooth1. The second chapter was about explaining the field counting for policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention impact on the second synthetic genotype Baghdad3.The research found a set of results, the most important result showed that the value of profitability coefficient was about 3.69, this indicates that the rice crop production system for the Rice Buhooth 1 takes advantage of the adopted government policy in that year, which means that there is governmental support for the product. In addition, domestic resource cost coefficient value which was about 0.72 indicates that there is comparative advantage for the Rice Buhooth 1 for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.74 and 1.59 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Regarding the Synthetic genotype Baghdad3, the value of profitability coefficient was about 1.75 which means that there is governmental support for the product. The domestic resource cost coefficient value was about 0.24 which indicates that there was comparative advantage for the mentioned above for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.48 and 1.56 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Finally, it is highly recommended that support should be increased for the varieties that the country has greater comparative advantage in order to improve the utilization of available resources and reduce wasted resources. Moreover, similar studies should be done in the future by other researchers to major cereal crops varieties at the country level in order to do comparison between them to set a mechanism for the government intervention policy in the main crop prices in the country which help both the local producer and agricultural investor in directing its resources properly.
PATH COEFFICIENT IN SAFFLOWER AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST DATES
Authors: & et al. Wuhaib 
Published: September 2021

In order to determine the traits that correlate to yield to rely on them as selection criteria for high yield in safflower; seeds of five cultivars .2081, Gelser Almais , Ordini, and rabia 500 planted in the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agriculture –Uni. Of Baghdad during 2010and 2011.The design of experiments is randomize complete block design with split plot arrangement with three replication. Data were recorded for traits: yield/ plant, total yield, harvest index, oil%, number of seed/plant, number of seeds/capsules, seed weight,dry weight of plant, number of capsules/plant, number of primary and secondary branches and plant height. Results of statistical analysis illustrate that the genotypic and phenotypic correlation and direct and indirect effects were different due to differences in harvest dates and tow years of planting.The highest positive genetic correlation and direct effects with yield were for plant height and total yield for first harvest in first year, for second year were dry weight, number of capsules/ plant, number of seed/ plant and total yield. For second harvest in first year was total yield only. and number of capsule/ plant, dry weight, total yield and number of seeds/ plant, in second year. Also only total yield in third harvest in first year, and dry weight and total yield in second year. In fourth harvest first year the traits were number of capsules\plant and total yield, dry weight and total yield in second year. For that we can rely these traits as criteria for selection in breeding programs to improve the yield of safflower.