bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal patterns of snowmelt refreezing in a Himalayan catchment
Authors: Veldhuijsen Sanne B. M. , de Kok Remco J. , Stigter Emmy E. , Steiner Jakob F. , Saloranta Tuomo M. , Immerzeel Walter W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent progress has been made in quantifying snowmelt in the Himalaya. Although the conditions are favorable for refreezing, little is known about the spatial variability of meltwater refreezing, hindering a complete understanding of seasonal snowmelt dynamics. This study aims to improve our understanding about how refreezing varies in space and time. We simulated refreezing with the seNorge (v2.0) snow model for the Langtang catchment, Nepalese Himalaya, covering a 5-year period. Meteorological forcing data were derived from a unique elaborate network of meteorological stations and high-resolution meteorological simulations. The results show that the annual catchment average refreezing amounts to 122 mm w.e. (21% of the melt), and varies strongly in space depending on elevation and aspect. In addition, there is a seasonal altitudinal variability related to air temperature and snow depth, with most refreezing during the early melt season. Substantial intra-annual variability resulted from fluctuations in snowfall. Daily refreezing simulations decreased by 84% (annual catchment average of 19 mm w.e.) compared to hourly simulations, emphasizing the importance of using sub-daily time steps to capture melt–refreeze cycles. Climate sensitivity experiments revealed that refreezing is highly sensitive to changes in air temperature as a 2°C increase leads to a refreezing decrease of 35%.
Brachiopods from the Latham Shale Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) and Cadiz Formation (Miaolingian, Wuliuan), California
Authors: Liang Yue , Holmer Lars E. , Duan Xiaolin , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA moderately diverse assemblage of brachiopods from the Latham Shale Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, upper Stage 4) and the upper Cadiz Formation (Miaolingian, Wuliuan), California is described in detail for the first time. The fauna includes both linguliform and rhynchonelliform brachiopods—Hadrotreta primaea(Walcott, 1902),Paterina prospectensis(Walcott, 1884),Dictyonina pannula(White, 1874), andMickwitzia occidensWalcott, 1908; andNisusia fulleriMount, 1981 andWimanella highlandensis(Walcott, 1886), respectively—together with olenellid trilobites and hyolithids. The fauna differs from other Cambrian Konservat-Lagerstätten (notably Cambrian Series 2 Chengjiang and Guanshan Lagerstätten, eastern Yunnan) in that the brachiopod shell valves in many cases are still preserved with their original mineralization. Moreover, the excellently preserved shale-hosted valves even include cases with exquisite epithelial cell molds, otherwise only seen in acid-etched material from carbonate rocks. The pitted ornamentation inD. pannulaclosely resembles that described from Ordovician linguliforms. The unusual preservation ofN. fulleriprovides important clues for ancestral composition of the brachiopod shell. The two articulated rhynchonelliform species probably represent the oldest records of this group from the west Laurentia. The fauna could also represent the earliest onset of the transition from the Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna (CEF) to the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna (PEF).
Assessing Data Quality: An Approach and An Application
Authors: McMann Kelly , Pemstein Daniel , Seim Brigitte , Teorell Jan , Lindberg Staffan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolitical scientists routinely face the challenge of assessing the quality (validity and reliability) of measures in order to use them in substantive research. While stand-alone assessment tools exist, researchers rarely combine them comprehensively. Further, while a large literature informs dataproducers, dataconsumerslack guidance on how to assess existing measures for use in substantive research. We delineate a three-component practical approach to data quality assessment that integrates complementary multimethod tools to assess: (1) content validity; (2) the validity and reliability of the data generation process; and (3) convergent validity. We apply our quality assessment approach to the corruption measures from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project, both illustrating our rubric and unearthing several quality advantages and disadvantages of the V-Dem measures, compared to other existing measures of corruption.
Multimodality imaging in delineation of complex sinus venosus defects and treatment outcomes over the last decade
Authors: Ng Li Y. , Nolke Lars , James Adam , Grant Brian , Franklin Orla , Redmond J. Mark , McGuinness Jonathan , Walsh Kevin , McMahon Colin J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground:Diagnosis of sinus venosus defects, not infrequently associated with complex anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, may be delayed requiring multimodality imaging.Methods:Retrospective review of all patients from February 2008 to January 2019.Results:Thirty-seven children were diagnosed at a median age of 4.2 years (range 0.5−15.5 years). In 32 of 37 (86%) patients, diagnosis was achieved on transthoracic echocardiography, but five patients (14%) had complex variants (four had high insertion of anomalous vein into the superior caval vein and three had multiple anomalous veins draining to different sites, two of whom had drainage of one vein into the high superior caval vein). In these five patients, the final diagnosis was achieved by multimodality imaging and intra-operative findings. The median age at surgery was 5.2 years (range 1.6−15.8 years). Thirty-one patients underwent double patch repair, four patients a Warden repair, and two patients a single-patch repair. Of the four Warden repairs, two patients had a high insertion of right-sided anomalous pulmonary vein into the superior caval vein, one patient had bilateral superior caval veins, and one patient had right lower pulmonary vein insertion into the right atrium/superior caval vein junction. There was no post-operative mortality, reoperation, residual shunt or pulmonary venous obstruction. One patient developed superior caval vein obstruction and one patient developed atrial flutter.Conclusion:Complementary cardiac imaging modalities improve diagnosis of complex sinus venosus defects associated with a wide variation in the pattern of anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Nonetheless, surgical treatment is associated with excellent outcomes.
Playing with Horses
Authors: Sider Kimber 
Published: September 2021

Listening to animals is not only about hearing howls, chirps, snorts, mews, nickers, and other vocal articulations; it is about recognizing preferences, perspectives, and relationships that animals communicate through movement, gesture, feeling, and resonance. When humans observe the complex ways that animals make meaning through performance, space emerges for animals to claim their rights to voice and agency in the presence of humans.
Morphological and Crystal-Chemical Features of Macro- and Microcalcifications of Human Aorta
Authors: Radomychelski Inna-Margaryta , Piddubnyi Artem , Danilchenko Sergey , Maksymova Olena , Moskalenko Yuliia , Moskalenko Roman 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ectopic calcification or pathological biomineralization correlates with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Aortas with atherosclerotic lesions and biomineralization were selected for the study. Thirty samples of mineralized abdominal aortas (group M) were examined by histology. Depending on the calcifications size, samples were separated into group M1 (macroscopic calcifications) and M2 (microscopic calcifications). Each group consists of 15 samples. Calcification 2 mm or less were considered as microscopic, &gt;2 mm—macroscopic. Thirty samples of aortic tissue without biomineralization (group C) were used as a control group. Aortic tissue was examined by macroscopic description, histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with microanalysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of IHC showed the involvement of OPN in the formation and development of pathological biomineralization, but the obvious role of OPN in the differentiation of macro- and microcalcifications of atherosclerotic aorta was not revealed. SEM with X-ray microanalysis confirmed that the biomineral part of the aortic samples of the M1 group consisted mainly of apatites, which correspond to previous studies. The Ca/P ratio was less in the M2 group than in the M1 group. It means that microcalcifications can be formed by more defective (immature) hydroxyapatite.
Effects of diabetes self-management education program on lowering blood glucose level, stress, and quality of life among females with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Thailand
Authors: Nooseisai Monthalee , Viwattanakulvanid Pramon , Kumar Ramesh , Viriyautsahakul Napaphan , Muhammad Baloch Gul , Somrongthong Ratana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of diabetes self-management education (DSME) on lowering blood glucose level, stress, and quality of life (QoL) among female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Thailand.

Background:
The burden of noncommunicable diseases has increased globally, and it has negatively affected the QoL of diabetic patients.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental study was conducted by including 77 T2DM patients selected from 2 public health centers in Thailand. The respondents were randomly selected 38 in control group and 39 in intervention group. Pretested, piloted, and validated tool were used during this study. Knowledge on blood glucose level, stress, and QoL was measured at baseline and then compared to end line after 3 months of the intervention. The effects of intervention were estimated by regression coefficient of intervention on blood glucose level and QoL. The study was ethically approved by the Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.

Findings:
Baseline characteristics of both the groups were similar before the start of the intervention and there were no significant differences observed in age, education, blood sugar monitoring behavior, medical checkup, knowledge, self-care, stress, and hemoglobin HbA1c (>0.05). However, blood HbA1c, stress level, and QoL among the T2DM patients had significant changes (<0.05) after the intervention. The control group was remained same and there was no statistically significant difference reported (>0.05).

Conclusions:
The study concluded that the designed intervention of DSME has proved effective in lowering the blood sugar level, HbA1c level, stress level, and improved QoL among T2DM patients during this limited period of time. Hence, policy-makers can replicate this intervention for diabetic patients in a similar context.
Chairman Cotton: Socialist Bulgaria’s cotton trade with African countries during the early Cold War (1946–70)
Authors: Zofka Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article follows Bulgarian officials engaged in cotton and textile exchange with African states in the early Cold War. These officials founded enterprises for carrying out transactions, collected information on prices at international cotton exchanges and attended meetings of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) to coordinate trade activities in capitalist markets. Exploring how Bulgarian foreign trade organizations positioned themselves on the scene of international trade, this article argues that cotton traders, instead of upholding the supposed bloc bipolarity of the Cold War, followed the logic of the markets they worked in. A focus on trade infrastructures in particular shows that early Cold War East–South trade was not as strictly bilateral as official agreements and statistics suggest and reveals the systematic embeddedness of the socialist traders’ practices in global capitalist structures. In the field of cotton, the globalizing economy of the early Cold War was not cut in half, as globalization studies have implied.
The Political Asceticism of Mamata Banerjee: Female Populist Leadership in Contemporary India
Authors: Ray Chaudhury Proma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOperating within the androcentric premises that support idealized models of populist leadership, self-representations cultivated by female populist leaders often involve precarious balancing acts, compelling them to appropriate contextualized traditionalist discourses and modes of power to qualify for conventional leadership models. This article engages with the stylistic performance of populist leadership by Mamata Banerjee of the All India Trinamool Congress in the state of West Bengal, India, focusing on her adoption of the discursive mode of political asceticism, nativist rhetoric, and religious iconography. Through an interpretive analysis of selected party documents, autobiography, and semistructured interviews with Banerjee's followers and critics, the article delineates Banerjee's populist self-fashioning as a political ascetic and explores perceptions of her leadership. The article argues that while the self-makings of female populist leaders remain fraught and contested, they contribute substantially toward redrawing the boundaries of both conventional leadership models and the broader political landscapes they inhabit.
The Influence of Preexisting Stratification and Tropical Rain Modes on the Mixed Layer Salinity Response to Rainfall
Authors: Iyer Suneil , Drushka Kyla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe freshwater input from rain to the surface ocean is a key component of the global water cycle. Frequent rainfall in the inter‐tropical convergence zone creates regions of strong surface stratification and low salinity, which vary seasonally. We evaluate how variations in rain type and preexisting upper ocean stratification influence the timing and duration of the salinity response to rainfall using the General Ocean Turbulence Model. A series of model simulations was run by prescribing three typical background stratification conditions and idealized rain and wind forcing that was consistent with observed convective, stratiform, and mixed convective and stratiform rainfall. Background stratification was assessed using underway CTD observations and rain forcing was identified from mooring observations collected in the eastern tropical Pacific during the second Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study. Model results show that strong stratification, whether preexisting or from convective rainfall, inhibits downward mixing of freshwater and allows near‐surface salinity anomalies to persist following rain. In contrast, when stratiform rain precedes convective rain, salinity anomalies are quickly mixed downward and longer lasting deeper in the mixed layer. This implies that accurately quantifying the salinity structure following rain should consider preexisting stratification and the type of rainfall. Furthermore, patterns of rainfall and stratification likely affect the bias between salinity observations at the surface and deeper in the mixed layer. Because satellite rain data do not correctly represent the small scales of rain forcing, the small‐scale surface salinity response to rain cannot be predicted from satellite data.
Convective Mass‐Flux From Long Term Radar Reflectivities Over Darwin, Australia
Authors: Savazzi Alessandro C. M. , Jakob Christian , Siebesma A. Pier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost cumulus parametrizations today make use of a simple conceptual model of convection, called the mass‐flux approach. This approach depicts convection as an ensemble of updrafts and downdrafts occurring within a model grid‐box. The aim of this study is to determine convective mass‐fluxes and their constituents on the scale of a 100 km GCM grid‐box from a C‐band polarimetric radar and thereafter investigate the relative role of area fraction and vertical velocity in determining the shape and magnitude of bulk mass‐flux profiles. We make use of observational estimates of these quantities spanning 13 wet seasons in the tropical region of Darwin. Following a bulk approach, the results show that the distribution of mass‐flux is positively skewed and its mean profile peaks at 4 km. This is the result of constant area fractions and increasing vertical velocities below that level. Above 4 km, in‐cloud vertical velocity plays a marginal role compared to the convective area fraction in controlling mass‐flux profiles.
Interannual, Seasonal and Regional Variations in the Martian Convective Boundary Layer Derived From GCM Simulations With a Semi‐Interactive Dust Transport Model
Authors: Senel Cem Berk , Temel Orkun , Lee Christopher , Newman Claire E. , Mischna Michael A. , Muñoz‐Esparza Domingo , Sert Hakan , Karatekin Özgür 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present interannual, seasonal, and regional variations in the daytime Martian convective boundary layer (CBL). Martian CBL meteorology is driven both by the effect of diurnal and seasonal cycles as well as complex Martian topography. One of the most important components of the Martian atmosphere is its dust cycle. Here, we develop a novel semi‐interactive dust transport model within the MarsWRF framework, in which the dust is lifted, advected by model winds, mixed, and allowed to sediment, but is then scaled to match two‐dimensional maps of the observed daily column‐integrated dust opacity. This allows the vertical dust distribution and associated dust radiative heating to be controlled by model processes, while the horizontal dust distribution is constrained to follow observations. We report the impact of the dust cycle on Martian boundary layer meteorology. Enhanced dust transport lowers the global net surface heating rates, decreasing the turbulent mixing in CBL to virtually zero (within the dust storm season) and, enhances the wind shear on average by almost 50%. As a superposition of both impacts, during global dust storms (GDS) in Mars Year (MY) 25 and 34, we find that long‐lasting extremely shallow daytime boundary layers can globally form as shallow as 0.5 km (but not for the less intense GDS in MY 28), unlike the 9 km deep and highly turbulent CBL formation at GDS onset and decay. Based on our GCM results, strong CBL suppression lasts as long as approximately 67 and 57 sols during GDS events in MY 25 and 34.
Evaluation of probiotic characteristics and whole genome analysis of Pediococcus pentosaceus MR001 for use as probiotic bacteria in shrimp aquaculture
Authors: Wanna Warapond , Surachat Komwit , Kaitimonchai Panmile , Phongdara Amornrat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of non-antibiotic and environmentally friendly agents is a key consideration for health management in shrimp aquaculture. In this study, the probiotic potential in shrimp aquaculture of Pediococcus pentosaceus MR001, isolated from Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was investigated by means of feeding trial and genetic characterization. In the feeding trial, dietary supplementation with P. pentosaceus MR001 significantly increased weight gain and digestive enzyme activity (p < 0.05) in shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The intestinal histology showed that shrimp given the probiotic diet had healthier guts than the control group. Also, the immune gene expression and the survival rate in the treatment group were significantly increased when compared with the control group. The genetic characteristics of P. pentosaceus strain MR001 were explored by performing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using the HiSeq 2500 platform and PacBio system, revealing the complete circular genome of 1,804,896 bp. We also identified 1789 coding genes and subsequently characterized genes related to the biosynthesis of bacteriocins, stress resistance, and bile tolerance. Our findings suggest that insights in the functional and genetic characteristics of P. pentosaceus strain MR001 could provide opportunities for applications of such strain in shrimp diet supplementation.
A prospectively collected observational study of pelvic floor muscle strength and erectile function using a novel personalized extracorporeal perineometer
Authors: Kim Jung Kwon , Lee Young Ju , Kim Hwanik , Song Sang Hun , Jeong Seong Jin , Byun Seok-Soo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo investigate the association between pelvic floor muscle strength and erectile function in a prospectively collected observational cohort. 270 male volunteers were prospectively collected and grouped by International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) scores. Pelvic floor muscle strength was compared. Patients with obvious neurologic deficits, abnormal pelvic bones, history of pelvic radiation therapy, prostatectomy, or urinary incontinence were excluded. We analyzed 247 patients with mean (± standard deviation, SD) age of 62.8 (± 10.1) years. Mean (± SD) maximal and average strength were 2.0 (± 1.5) and 1.1 (± 0.8) kgf, respectively. Mean (± SD) endurance and IIEF-5 scores were 7.2 (± 2.6) seconds and 13.3 (± 7.9), respectively. Patients with IIEF-5 scores ≤ 12 tended to be older, with a higher occurrence of hypertension and lower body mass index. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.12, p < 0.001], and maximal strength < 1.9 kgf (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.38–4.97, p = 0.003) were independent predictors for IIEF-5 scores ≤ 12 in multivariate regression analysis. Patients with erectile dysfunction were older and showed lower pelvic floor muscle maximal strength. Future prospective trials needed for using physiotherapy are required to verify our results.
Quantifying the contribution of individual variation in timing to delay-discounting
Authors: Lukinova Evgeniya , Erlich Jeffrey C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDelay-discounting studies in neuroscience, psychology, and economics have been mostly focused on concepts of self-control, reward evaluation, and discounting. Another important relationship to consider is the link betweenintertemporal choiceandtime perception. We presented 50 college students with timing tasks on the range of seconds to minutes and intertemporal-choice tasks on both the time-scale of seconds and of days. We hypothesized that individual differences in time perception would influence decisions about short experienced delays but not long delays. While we found some evidence that individual differences ininternal clock speedaccount for some unexplained variance between choices across time-horizons, overall our findings suggest a nominal contribution of the altered sense of time in intertemporal choice.