bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase constituent of an as-cast Co–Ni–Al–W–Re–Ti alloy: correlation of DTA results with CALPHAD and map structure simulations
Authors: Tomaszewska A. , Moskal G. , Homa M. , Kierat M. , Liśkiewicz M. , Mikuszewski T. , Witala B. , Szczotok A. , Kolakowski P. , Maciąg T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Designing the chemical composition of new heat-resistant materials, including a new group of cobalt-based materials strengthened with the L12 phase with the general formula Co3(Al,X), requires the introduction of numerous alloy components, stabilizing the strengthening phase into the base composition. Typically, these are elements of high melting metals, whose main role is to stabilize the interphase boundary between the matrix and L12 precipitates and, in some way, strengthen the solid solution. These elements are characterized by high bond energy. On the other hand, the high content of this type of alloy addition increases the tendency of the alloy to release undesirable topologically compact phases, which rapidly deteriorate the mechanical properties of the alloy. These phases usually form in interdendritic areas, generating the so-called melting onset temperature, which deviates significantly from the solidus value. Therefore, the ability to predict the type and number of topologically compact phases being formed allows for the skilful design of the chemical composition of the alloy and its heat treatment, ensuring full dissolution of the mentioned phases in the matrix. This topic is the area of research in this article and concerns the Co–20Ni–9Al–7W–3Re–2Ti alloy in its immediately as-cast state. The scope of the research included simulations using the CALPHAD method and prediction of the phase composition of precipitates using two-dimensional structure maps. The obtained theoretical results were verified in microstructural tests using the STEM method and correlated with the results of DTA tests.
Risk-taking, knowledge, and mindset: unpacking the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Nguyen Vu Huu Anh , Delladio Silvia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper expands the existing literature on entrepreneurial intentions by employing the integrated model of external factors, personality characteristics, the theory of planned behavior, and social cognitive theory to explore the effects of risk-taking, entrepreneurial knowledge, entrepreneurial mindset, and cognitive antecedents on entrepreneurial intention. Adopting a cross-sectional approach, this study collected data from 422 respondents using questionnaires, and the findings were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling. The results suggest that risk-taking is closely related to opportunities and shapes entrepreneurial self-efficacy; entrepreneurial knowledge is crucial in developing entrepreneurial intention by shaping cognitive antecedents. The effect mechanism of the entrepreneurial mindset can change the coping defense mechanism by boosting attitude and self-confidence. Attitude towards entrepreneurship is one of the best factors in driving entrepreneurial intention and will subsequently directly affect behavior. Unleashing entrepreneurial competencies is vital for enhancing entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, entrepreneurial passion can act as a moderator among attitudes toward entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention. The findings also provide seminal insights into external factors, cognitive antecedents, and entrepreneurial intentions for policymakers to design education programs.
The Readability Study: A Randomised Trial of Health Information Written at Different Grade Reading Levels
Authors: Mac Olivia , Ayre Julie , McCaffery Kirsten , Boroumand Farzaneh , Bell Katy , Muscat Danielle M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite increasing attention on health literacy and the inclusion of grade reading level recommendations in guidelines, it remains unclear if lowering the grade reading level of written health information to specific target grades improves patient-related outcomes.

Objective
To assess whether grade reading level of written information affects knowledge, perceived reading ease, acceptability and trustworthiness of information and, to explore whether information written at a lower grade reading level reduces disparities in outcomes across health literacy levels.

Design
We conducted a 4-arm online randomized trial with a community sample of adults living in Australia from 31 July to 20 September 2023.

Experimental Arms
Participants were randomised to one of four arms: Information about sciatica and knee osteoarthritis written at a grade 8, 10, 12 or 14 reading level. Readability was assessed using the SMOG Index and iteratively revised to each lower grade.

Measures
Primary outcome was knowledge of health conditions. Secondary outcomes were brief knowledge, perceived reading ease, acceptability (i.e., perceived usefulness and likelihood to recommend) and trustworthiness of information.

Results
2235 participants were randomised and included in the analysis. Mean age was 41 years and 54.5% identified as female. Low health literacy was identified in 28.2% of participants. We found no evidence of a main effect of grade reading level on knowledge (grade 8: 9.0 (SD = 2.7), grade 10: 9.1 (SD = 2.6), grade 12: 8.9, grade 14: 9.1 (SD = 2.7). Participants with high health literacy had higher knowledge scores overall, however, there was no evidence that health literacy modified the effect of grade reading level. There were no significant differences in any of the secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
Our study showed no difference in knowledge when grade reading level was manipulated alone. Our findings indicate there is limited value in reducing grade reading level without attention to other health literacy principles.

ANZCTR trial registry number
ACTRN12623000224628p.
Predictors for national junior squad selection in the German Volleyball Federation
Authors: Cermak N. , Wittenbrink P. , Rosenkötter M. , Zentgraf K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
More and more studies recommend combining holistic coaches’ assessments (CA) with multidimensional measurements for selection decisions to enhance predictive value for talent development. The so-called coach’s eye is one of the most used criteria for talent selection, especially in sports games. Few studies have analyzed predictors for talent selection in volleyball, particularly among female athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study predictors for being selected to the first German junior national squad in volleyball, both in female and male players.

Methods
Data of 106 athletes (female n = 53, male n = 53), participating in the national selection camps for the under 17 (U17) national squad, were analyzed in this study. Anthropometrics, motor performance, motor–cognitive and cognitive data, as well as CA were collected during the camp. In a first step, these data were reduced using a principal component analysis; resulting components were then analyzed in a binomial logistic regression (stepwise backwards) to predict selection.

Results
For both sexes, the CA were found to predict selection, with 86.8% of female athletes (Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.53) and 81.1% of male athletes (Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.61) correctly classified. No other data were found to be predictive for the German national squads.

Conclusion
Accordingly, the CA play a particularly important role in talent selection as they were the only predictors for selection to both national squads. Combining the per se multidimensional coach’s eye with further assessments and tests seems to be a valid approach.
How advocacy coalitions in Sweden explain the policy gap between Swedish and EU eel fishery policies
Authors: Nilsson Jens , Sandström Annica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Our study explores governing of European eel in Sweden. The paper aims to analyze and tentatively explain the degree of policy coherence between different political levels and discuss implications for management. The study focuses on the Advocacy Coalition Framework and a qualitative methodology. Results show that EU and Swedish eel fishery policies are based on partly different beliefs about prioritized groups, problem descriptions, and policy preferences. Swedish policy is more considerate of fishery, attentive to the problems of hydropower, and hesitant toward fishery closures, than is the EU. These differences can be understood by the positions and power of the two advocacy coalitions competing for influence at the national level. National decisions align more with the coalition that includes fishery organizations, the Swedish Board of Agriculture, and coastal municipalities than with the beliefs of the coalition involving environmental—and sport fishing organizations and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.
Insights into pubertal development: a narrative review on the role of epigenetics
Authors: Shulhai Anna-Mariia , Munerati Anna , Menzella Marialaura , Palanza Paola , Esposito Susanna , Street Maria Elisabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Puberty is a key phase of growth and development, characterized by psychophysical transformations. It is driven by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental variables. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone post-translational modifications and chromatin remodeling, microRNAs, and DNA methylation, play important roles in orchestrating the developmental processes. We describe environmental factors that may interact with genetics, and factors influencing puberty onset, focusing in particular on epigenetic mechanisms that can help understand the timing and variations that lead to precocious or delayed puberty.

Methods
We conducted a narrative review of associations between puberty and epigenetic mechanisms through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.

Results
The chromatin landscape of genes as KISS1 has revealed dynamic changes in histone modifications as puberty approaches, influencing the stimulation or inhibition of gene expression critical for reproductive maturation. MiRNAs regulate gene expression, whereas DNA methylation affects activation or repression of gene transcription of genes involved in pubertal timing. Moreover, studies in animal models have provided insights into the role of DNA methylation and miRNAs in brain sexual differentiation, highlighting the active involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in shaping sexually dimorphic brain structures.

Conclusion
This review highlights the importance of understanding the complex interplay between epigenetic regulation and pubertal development, which can lead to new therapeutic options and shed light on the fundamental processes driving reproductive maturation.
Relation Semantic Guidance and Entity Position Location for Relation Extraction
Authors: Chen Guojun , Chen Panfeng , Li Hui , Wang Xibin , Zhou Xin , Yu Aihua , Deng Xingzhi , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRelation extraction is a research hot-spot in the field of natural language processing, and aims at structured knowledge acquirement. However, existing methods still grapple with the issue of entity overlapping, where they treat relation types as inconsequential labels, overlooking the fact that relation type has a great influence on entity type hindering the performance of these models from further improving. Furthermore, current models are inadequate in handling the fine-grained aspect of entity positioning, which leads to ambiguity in entity boundary localization and uncertainty in relation inference, directly. In response to this challenge, a relation extraction model is proposed, which is guided by relational semantic cues and focused on entity boundary localization. The model uses an attention mechanism to align relation semantics with sentence information, so as to obtain the most relevant semantic expression to the target relation instance. It then incorporates an entity locator to harness additional positional features, thereby, enhancing the capability of the model to pinpoint entity start and end tags. Consequently, this approach effectively alleviates the problem of entity overlapping. Extensive experiments are conducted on the widely used datasets NYT and WebNLG. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the baseline ones in F1 scores of the two datasets, and the improvement margin is up to 5.50% and 2.80%, respectively.
Public Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Consumption: Case of Bioplastic Medical Masks
Authors: Zeng Ke , Murayama Takehiko , Nishikizawa Shigeo , Suwanteep Kultip 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBioplastics have the potential to mitigate plastic pollution and contribute to the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). However, the proportion of bioplastics in total plastic production is still comparatively low. Understanding consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) and influencing factors is essential as consumers’ demands drive the need for production. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted to investigate consumers’ WTP and identify underlying drivers and barriers to sustainable purchase intention. Results showed that 89% of the time consumers chose the bioplastic medical masks while 11% of the time chose not to purchase. Biodegradability was the most valued attributes which reflected on the highest premium price for product that are biodegradable under six months. Consumers preferred first generation raw material rather than second and third generation raw material. Moreover, greater bioplastic percentage and free of pollutants information were preferred properties. By estimating the influence of covariates, results showed that education level, income, personal innovativeness, subjective norm, and influence of COVID-19 acted as drivers, whereas age and perceived policy effectiveness acted as barriers to sustainable consumption of bioplastic products. Based on the results, policy implications include highlighting sustainable attributes that consumers value, providing quality and reliability information, informing and educating targeted consumer groups, enhancing policy publicity, and adjusting policies based on feedback. These results can be used to develop market promotion strategies for bioplastic products and to increase bioplastic market shares and penetration.
LGBTQIA+ medical student sexual healthcare workshop: peer learning and student leadership
Authors: Dullea Elizabeth J. , Steffens Karly A. , Phillips Keeley I. , Rogers Sydney N. , Highland Krista B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To address the absence of medical education curriculum focused on LGBTQ+ inclusive healthcare, this performance improvement project evaluated a medical student-developed and -led workshop focused on inclusive healthcare, including aspects of sexual health and well-being care.

Approach
The project utilized a peer-to-peer and community engaged approach to ensure inclusiveness and effectiveness in improving learner knowledge, confidence, and motivation to engage in evidence-based, patient-centered care. Over two years, the health professions student LGBTQIA+ interest group, Spectrum, hosted two voluntary workshops to support medical students’ sexual health history-taking skills. The 2022 Spectrum leadership team wrote three LGBTQIA+ standardized patient scenarios set within the students’ training hospitals focused on using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 5Ps, using inclusive language, and recognizing institutional barriers to healthcare. Workshops included a 10-min discussion highlighting best practices, 45 min of small group practice with standardized patient-facilitator dyads, and a 10-min reflection. Project evaluation incorporated quantitative and qualitative feedback from participants and facilitators.

Results
Quantitative feedback reflected consistently positive ratings, with learners reporting increased comfort, satisfaction, perceived applicability, and confidence. Qualitative feedback highlighted the benefits of including representative patients, practicing inclusive language, and receiving real-time feedback. Peer-led facilitation contributed to a supportive learning environment, emphasizing the importance of curricular co-production and experiential leadership development. Facilitators described feeling empowered to develop cases reflecting genuine lived experiences and not simplified scenarios.

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the value of increased medical student engagement in sexual healthcare education and advocates for further integration of LGBTQ+ inclusive curriculum into the medical curriculum.
Nigerian journals, publishers, and libraries: a response to Hans Zell
Authors: Limb Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn important and timely recent article by Hans Zell on Nigerian university presses prompts wider questions about the state of Nigerian scholarly publishing, how universities in general and journal publishers in particular adapt, and how libraries access scholarly outputs. This brief response to the article seeks to widen the discussion and encourage further research and action on the subject.
A Machine Learning architecture to forecast Irregular Border Crossings and Asylum requests for policy support in Europe: a case study
Authors: Bosco Claudio , Minora Umberto , Rosińska Anna , Teobaldelli Maurizio , Belmonte Martina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anticipating future migration trends is instrumental to the development of effective policies to manage the challenges and opportunities that arise from population movements. However, anticipation is challenging. Migration is a complex system, with multifaceted drivers, such as demographic structure, economic disparities, political instability, and climate change. Measurements encompass inherent uncertainties, and the majority of migration theories are either under-specified or hardly actionable. Moreover, approaches for forecasting generally target specific migration flows, and this poses challenges for generalisation.
In this paper, we present the results of a case study to predict Irregular Border Crossings (IBCs) through the Central Mediterranean Route and Asylum requests in Italy. We applied a set of Machine Learning techniques in combination with a suite of traditional data to forecast migration flows. We then applied an ensemble modelling approach for aggregating the results of the different Machine Learning models to improve the modelling prediction capacity.
Our results show the potential of this modelling architecture in producing forecasts of IBCs and Asylum requests over 6 months. The explained variance of our models through a validation set is as high as 80%. This study offers a robust basis for the construction of timely forecasts. In the discussion, we offer a comment on how this approach could benefit migration management in the European Union at various levels of policy making.
A feminist framework for urban AI governance: addressing challenges for public–private partnerships
Authors: McCrory Laine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This analysis provides a critical account of AI governance in the modern “smart city” through a feminist lens. Evaluating the case of Sidewalk Labs’ Quayside project—a smart city development that was to be implemented in Toronto, Canada—it is argued that public–private partnerships can create harmful impacts when corporate actors seek to establish new “rules of the game” regarding data regulation. While the Quayside project was eventually abandoned in 2020, it demonstrates key observations for the state of urban algorithmic governance both within Canada and internationally. Articulating the need for a revitalised and participatory smart city governance programme prioritizes meaningful engagement in the forms of transparency and accountability measures. Taking a feminist lens, it argues for a two-pronged approach to governance: integrating collective engagement from the outset in the design process and ensuring the civilian data protection through a robust yet localized rights-based privacy regulation strategy. Engaging with feminist theories of intersectionality in relation to technology and data collection, this framework articulates the need to understand the broader histories of social marginalization when implementing governance strategies regarding artificial intelligence in cities.
STEP: toward a semantics-aware framework for monitoring community-scale infrastructure
Authors: Chio Andrew , Peng Jian , Venkatasubramanian Nalini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Urban communities rely on built utility infrastructures as critical lifelines that provide essential services such as water, gas, and power, to sustain modern socioeconomic systems. These infrastructures consist of underground and surface-level assets that are operated and geo-distributed over large regions where continuous monitoring for anomalies is required but challenging to implement. This article addresses the problem of deploying heterogeneous Internet of Things sensors in these networks to support future decision-support tasks, for example, anomaly detection, source identification, and mitigation. We use stormwater as a driving use case; these systems are responsible for drainage and flood control, but act as conduits that can carry contaminants to the receiving waters. Challenges toward effective monitoring include the transient and random nature of the pollution incidents, the scarcity of historical data, the complexity of the system, and technological limitations for real-time monitoring. We design a SemanTics-aware sEnsor Placement framework (STEP) to capture pollution incidents using structural, behavioral, and semantic aspects of the infrastructure. We leverage historical data to inform our system with new, credible instances of potential anomalies. Several key topological and empirical network properties are used in proposing candidate deployments that optimize the balance between multiple objectives. We also explore the quality of anomaly representation in the network through new perspectives, and provide techniques to enhance the realism of the anomalies considered in a network. We evaluate STEP on six real-world stormwater networks in Southern California, USA, which shows its efficacy in monitoring areas of interest over other baseline methods.
Vines and MAT-labeled graphs
Authors: Tran Hung Manh , Tran Tan Nhat , Tsujie Shuhei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present paper explores a connection between two concepts arising from different fields of mathematics. The first concept, called vine, is a graphical model for dependent random variables. This concept first appeared in a work of Joe (1994), and the formal definition was given later by Cooke (1997). Vines have nowadays become an active research area whose applications can be found in probability theory and uncertainty analysis. The second concept, called MAT-freeness, is a combinatorial property in the theory of freeness of logarithmic derivation modules of hyperplane arrangements. This concept was first studied by Abe-Barakat-Cuntz-Hoge-Terao (2016), and soon afterwards investigated further by Cuntz-Mücksch (2020).
In the particular case of graphic arrangements, the last two authors (2023) recently proved that the MAT-freeness is completely characterized by the existence of certain edge-labeled graphs, called MAT-labeled graphs. In this paper, we first introduce a poset characterization of a vine. Then we show that, interestingly, there exists an explicit equivalence between the categories of locally regular vines and MAT-labeled graphs. In particular, we obtain an equivalence between the categories of regular vines and MAT-labeled complete graphs.
Several applications will be mentioned to illustrate the interaction between the two concepts. Notably, we give an affirmative answer to a question of Cuntz-Mücksch that MAT-freeness can be characterized by a generalization of the root poset in the case of graphic arrangements.