bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Yasuda Itaru , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Sakamaki Yusuke , Muraoka Hirokazu , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Kusahana Ei , Ono Takashi , Kanda Takeshi , Tokuyama Hirobumi , Wakino Shu , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: April 2021

Significance Statement
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is the precursor of NAD+ that activates Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), an antiaging enzyme. Although some studies have administered NMN treatment in several disease models with favorable outcomes, NMN treatment in diabetic nephropathy has been scarcely examined. The authors showed a long-lasting renoprotective effect by transient pulse NMN administration in early DN in a murine model. Specifically, although NMN treatment did not change metabolic parameters, it attenuated decreased Sirt1, foot-process effacement of podocytes, and decreased albuminuria even long after pulse NMN treatment cessation. These findings indicate NMN is a potential preventive treatment in DN.

Background
The activation of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirt1, by the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ameliorates various aging-related diseases.

Methods
Diabetic db/db mice were treated with NMN transiently for 2 weeks and observed for effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Results
At 14 weeks after the treatment period, NMN attenuated the increases in urinary albumin excretion in db/db mice without ameliorating hemoglobin A1c levels. Short-term NMN treatment mitigated mesangium expansion and foot process effacement, while ameliorating decreased Sirt1 expression and increased claudin-1 expression in the kidneys of db/db mice. This treatment also improved the decrease in the expression of H3K9me2 and DNMT1. Short-term NMN treatment also increased kidney concentrations of NAD+ and the expression of Sirt1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), and it maintained nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase1 (Nmnat1) expression in the kidneys. In addition, survival rates improved after NMN treatment.

Conclusions:
Short-term NMN treatment in early-stage DN has remote renal protective effects through the upregulation of Sirt1 and activation of the NAD+ salvage pathway, both of which indicate NMN legacy effects on DN.
The Effectiveness of Sovodak in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Talebian Farshad , Parhizkar Baran , Mohsenpour Behzad , Sharifi Pezhman , Hajati Amirreza , Sheikhesmaeili Farshad 
Published: April 2021

Background: Recently, interferon-free treatment has been considered for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C due to their high therapeutic success and lack of serious side effects. The combination of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir is effective in the treatment of the disease because of its pan-genotype. In the present study, the effectiveness of Sovodak, which is a combination of the aforementioned two drugs in one tablet, in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis was investigated.
Methods: Patients with chronic hepatitis C whose diagnosis was confirmed by HCV RNA–PCR test were included in the study. These patients received one Sovodak tablet daily (for 12 weeks for non-cirrhotic patients and 24 weeks for cirrhotic patients). Sustained virologic response (SVR) was assessed by PCR test 12 weeks after the end of the treatment and one year later. Also, serum levels of liver enzymes, platelet count, and liver stiffness (using elastography method) were measured and their levels were compared before and after treatment in patients.
Results: Findings related to the PCR test in patients showed that the level of SVR was 100% in patients 12 weeks after treatment (SVR-12). In three cirrhotic patients who received only 12 weeks of drug treatment, the disease recurred a year later. According to the results, ALT and AST serum levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.001), and platelet count level was increased (P < 0.001) one year after the end of the treatment period. Also, the liver stiffness index measured using FibroScan was significantly decreased in patients 12 weeks after the end of the treatment (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study, in line with other studies, showed the effective role of Sovodak in completely eliminating the HCV virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Cirrhotic patients need to receive treatment for at least six months.
Key words: Sovodak, hepatitis C, sustained virologic response, effectiveness, liver cirrhosis
A City Full of Life or a City Buried Alive? Vittorio Alfieri’s Venice and Venice in the Travel Journals by Polish Artists at the Turn of the 19th Century
Authors: Szadkowska-Mańkowska Olga 
Published: April 2021

The article raises the topic of the evolving image of Venice from the perspectives of three travel accounts: by Vittorio Alfieri, Fryderyk August Moszyński, and Stanisław Dunin-Borkowski. They were all bound by the figure of the Italian playwright Alfieri. In the article, I propose a new look into the accounts from the travels of Polish intellectual elite: an enlightened journey described in the recollections by Moszyński, and a 19th-century journey depicted in the journals by Borkowski, following Alfieri as the guide. Considering his tragedies in support of national liberation, he perfectly matched the ideas in the minds of Polish artists at the turn of the 19th century. Even though the author may be forgotten today, the reception of his works, depending on the historical period, political situation, and literary streams, evolved interchangeably placing him in the spotlight and ignoring him. In the first half of the 19th century, he was a significant figure, a fact which triggers interesting observations, particularly in the context of the journeys of artists to Venice.
Venice in Films. "Wenecja" by Jan Jakub Kolski (2010)
Authors: Grodź Iwona 
Published: April 2021

The topic of the article is the image of Venice in Wenecja, a Polish feature film direc­ted by Jan Jakub Kolski from 2010. The imaginary image of this city was inspired by “Sezon w Wenecji” (from the volume titled Jedźmy, wracajmy..., Krakow 1993 or Jedźmy, wracajmy i inne opowiadania, Warsaw 2000), a literary text by Włodzimierz Odojewski (1930–2016). The article undertakes to analyse the image of Venice in the film by the author of Historia kina w Popielawach as a testimony of understanding its role in a particular historical space and time, of both the plot of the film and the projected reception.
Extrasystoles: adverse effects of the first postextrasystolic contraction
Authors: Germanova O. A. , Germanov V. A. , Shchukin Yu. V. , Germanov A. V. , Piskunov M. V. 
Published: April 2021

Aim. To determine the changes of parameters of heart biomechanics and kinetics of arteries, to reveal the adverse events of first post-extrasystolic contraction.Materials and methods. In our investigation we included 286 patients. We excluded all the main traditional risk factors of the atherosclerosis. All the patients were branched into two main groups in accordance to the quantity of extrasystoles per 24 hours: I group – less than 3000, II group – more than 3000 extrasystoles per 24 hours. We took the data about complaints, anamnesis, made laboratory and instrumental investigations to reveal the character and severity of atherosclerotic process.Results. We determined that the atherosclerotic process was more advanced and more often in the group II. Also the atherosclerosis was more severe in patients with extrasystoles in the phase of cardiocycle before opening of the mitral valve and before the transmitral blood flow peak. The parameters (acceleration, speed, power, work) that were calculated by apexcardiography and sphygmography increased with the further tendency: if earlier extrasystole appears in cardiocycle, than more changes were observed.Conclusion. The first post-extrasystolic contraction causes the increase of all parameters of heart biomechanics and kinetics of vessels and can be an additional factor of progressing of atherosclerosis.
The association of the IL-1ß-31 polymorphism and the development of neuroinfections
Authors: Biesiada Grażyna , Czepiel Jacek , Piątek Anna , Birczyńska Malwina , Żurańska Justyna , Wołkow Paweł , Perucki William , Jędrychowski Michał , Garlicki Aleskander 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Inflammation of the meninges can have various clinical courses, from mild, self-limiting in some viral neuroinfections to severe, sometimes ending in death. The pro-inflammatory cascade and defects in the inhibitors of the inflammatory response play an important prognostic role. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes encoding cytokines, influence the severity of the inflammatory response.Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, TNF-? and IL-8 on the development of neuroinfections.Material and Methods. We evaluated the laboratory results of 30 patients treated for bacterial and viral meningitis and compared those to 30 healthy volunteers. The following 4 variants were analyzed for occurrence of genetic polymorphism in patients with meningitis versus the control group: IL-1ß 3953, IL-1ß -31, TNF-? -308, and IL-8 781. Then, we assessed the association between these genetic polymorphisms and the inflammatory response during the course of meningitis.Results and Conclusions. We observed that polymorphism of the IL-1ß-31 significantly differs between patients and healthy subjects, the IL-1ß -31AA polymorphism existed only in healthy individuals (p < 0.001). The WBC count was dependent on the TNF-? -308 polymorphism with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.021) occurring among persons with variants AA and AG. In conclusion the study showed that the presence of the AA genotype of IL-1ß-31polymorphism may have a protective effect on the development of meningitis. This polymorphism was not observed in any patient with meningitis.
Assessment of nutritional status and feeding methods in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Swora-Cwynar Ewelina , Karczewski Jacek , Musiał Anna , Grzymisławski Marian , Marcinkowska Emilia , Dobrowolska Agnieszka , Mańkowska-Wierzbicka Dorota 
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate diet of patients with IBD, their nutritional status and potential differences as compared to diet of healthy persons.Material and methods. The examination included the patients of Internal, Metabolic Diseases and Dietetics Ward and Gastroenterology, Internal Diseases and Human Nutrition Ward of Heliodor Święcicki Clinic in the Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poznan. The criterion allowing participation into the study involved a diagnosed ulcerative or Crohn’s disease, basing on histopathology and radiological examination. The study was conducted on 50 patients, 25 women and 25 men. The control of group included 50 persons, 30 women and 20 men, potentially healthy and occupationally active. In the study the authors' own questionnaire was used, which contained questions related to diet and evaluating conditions of nutrition, based on the results of anthropometric measurements and selected biochemical parameters.Results. The study documented that IBD affected diet, which proved to be distinct from that of potentially healthy person. Course of the disease reduced some laboratory parameters in serum: decreased levels of total protein were detected in 40% patients, reduced levels of albumin in 28% patients and of haemoglobin in 72% patients with IBD. Most of patients introduced some modifications and dietary restrictions to reduce the symptoms and prolong remission. Presentation of such attitudes, indicates a need for an effective multidirectional education, which should affect a conscious decision making about the diet. The Body Mass Index and evaluation of nutrition demonstrated that IBD predisposed development of malnutrition: as compared to the control group, 28% of the patients manifested underweight.
Foot arch condition in comparison with the muscular balance of lower limbs in children at school age of 6–14 years
Authors: Skowron Natalia , Malak Roksana , Mojs Ewa , Samborski Włodzimierz 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Foot arch condition plays an important role in correct setting of lower limbs joints, proper muscles tone and well-being [1]. More and more frequently foot arch deviations affect population of school age children [2, 3]. It is based on anatomic knowledge that abnormal foot arch is strongly connected with the disturbed muscle tone of lower limb. The aim of the presented study is to evaluate the relation between the foot arch condition and muscular balance of the lower limbs.Material and methods. Children were assessed using the Clarke’s angle and indicatory muscles length tests including: quadratus lumborum muscle, hamstring muscle, thigh adductors, piriformis muscle.Results. Abnormal foot arch was showed by 70% of subject children. The greatest number of muscles length abnormality was observed in quadratus lumborum muscles. There was a statistically significant correlation between right hamstring muscle contraction and abnormal foot arch (p = 0.011). Conclusions. Foot arch alternations increasingly more often appear in the greater number of school–age children. The assessment and therapy of abnormal foot arch should include the examination of muscular balance of the lower limbs.
Homocysteine – relation to hypertension, age and smoking in patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension
Authors: Korzeniowska Katarzyna , Cieślewicz Artur , Chmara Ewa , Jabłecka Anna 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. An elevated circulating concentration of homocysteine is associated with an increased risk of coronary, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of homocysteine in the patients with newly diagnosed essential hypertension and healthy subjects and to analyze the correlation between homocysteine level and the other parameters (age, blood pressure, smoking).Material and methods. The study group consisted of 18 patients with essential hypertension, 4 women and 14 men (mean age 43 ± 16 years) and 15 healthy volunteers, 8 women and 7 men (mean age 47 ± 10 years). Serum homocysteine was analyzed by FPIA method (Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay).Results. The patients with essential hypertension had significantly higher homocysteine concentration compared to control group. No correlation was observed between homocysteine levels and age, diastolic, systolic blood pressure in subjects with essential hypertension. In healthy volunteers, only a correlation between age and homocysteine concentration was found.
TAZ oncogene as a prognostic factor in breast cancer
Authors: Glapa Aleksandra , Nijak Aleksandra 
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females and one of the main causes of cancer related deaths. Breast cancer in the metastatic stage is related with poor prognosis. Metastasis is the process whereby cancer cells travel to and colonize distant sites through the lymphatic system or bloodstream, which usually indicates a poor prognosis. The metastatic cascade involves several molecular and cellular interactions and different signaling pathaways. Recently the Hippo signaling has emerged as an important regulatory pathway in cancer. The Hippo target protein TAZ has been reported as a novel oncogene that may have important role in the development of breast cancer. Its overexpression promotes cancer stem cell formation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in many human cancers. In breast TAZ seems to play a critical developmental role and in breast cancer is one of the factors involved in therapeutic resistance and clinical relapse. Herein, we review the biological functions of TAZ and summarize the current knowledge and opportunities for therapeutic intervention in this field.
Characteristic of no-synthase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with rheumatic pathology
Authors: Efremova Ulyana , Lychkovska Nataliya , Fafula Roman , Vorobets Zinoviy 
Published: April 2021

It is known that NO is a ubiquitous mediator which acts as a universal modulator of various functions in organism and is produced by three isoforms of NO synthase. Nowadays the role of NO in the development of autoimmune diseases is actively studied. However, it remains unclear the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of disturbances of NOS activity in blood lymphocytes at autoimmune process. The aim of present work is to study the kinetic properties of NO-synthase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with rheumatic pathology. The study was carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. NOS activity was determined on the saponin-permeabilized blood lymphocytes. The difference between the values of NADPH oxidation with L-Arg and with inhibitor L-NAME reflects the value of the NADPH oxidation, ie total NOS activity. The kinetic properties of NO-synthase in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with rheumatic pathology were studied. It was found that the development of rheumatic pathology is associated with an imbalance in the NO synthesis and changes of kinetic parameters of NOS. It was shown that reduction in eNOS activity is accompanied by a sharp increase in activity of its inducible form. It was established that inhibition of eNOS occurs by noncompetitive type. NO production in lymphocytes of patients with rheumatic diseases is mainly realized by iNOS, whereas under normal physiological conditions endothelial form of the enzyme is being involved.
Legal aspects of a healthy diet for children. Comments on the grounds of the directive on foodstuffs in schools
Authors: Urbaniak Monika 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze legal solutions for the availability of foodstuffs in schools, binding from Sep 1, 2015, targeted to introduce into school shops and canteens so-called healthy food. The Directive issued by the Minister of Health on Aug 26, 2015 on groups of foodstuffs intended to be sold to children and young people in education system units and requirements for foodstuffs used within collective feeding of children and young people in those units eliminated from school shops provide a list of food which is considered unhealthy. The adopted solutions are an introduction to the legal statutory fight against obesity in children and young people and enhance the protection of the health of children at pre-school and school age by limiting access within kindergartens, schools and tutelary-educational institutions to foodstuffs containing significant quantities of ingredients not recommended for their development.
Long QT in stunned myocardium: unrecognised cause of acquired long QT syndrome
Authors: Sacha Jerzy 
Published: April 2021

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heart disorder characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval on ECG and a predisposition to ventricular tachyarrhythmias, which may lead to syncope, cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. This condition may be inherited or induced by external factors such as drugs, electrolyte imbalances and some acquired cardiac diseases. The review addresses LQTS caused by acute cardiac illnesses which are associated with a large amount of stunned myocardium, i.e. the reperfused myocardial infarction and the group of stress-related cardiomyopathies. In these cases, specific ECG evolutionary changes may be observed, i.e. dynamic deep T-wave inversion and QT interval prolongation which predispose to fatal polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia, i.e. torsade de pointes. However, lethal arrhythmias are relatively rare in these instances and probably concern patients with an underlying predisposition to LQTS. The pathological mechanisms of both repolarization abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmias as well as the practical approach how to interpret electrocardiographic changes and identify high risk patients are discussed in this review.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURING MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SURABAYA CITY GOVERNMENT
Authors: Hertati Diana 
Published: April 2021

<p align="center">Structuring local government organizations system is important in the regional autonomy implementation, as it is one of the many instruments of decentralization principles. Structuring local organizations, as part of bureaucratic reform, aimed to create a government system that is efficient, effective and flexible. The flexibility in this case is based on the regional organization characteristics of the area, population and number of regional budget. In this regard, there is inconsistency in Surabaya City Government’s organization structuring, that is overly focused on the institutional issues, rigid standardization but does not consider other dimensions such as: human resources, system of governance, and the basic values of the organization. Based on this phenomenon a study is needed to formulate a model structuring for Surabaya City Government. To do so, researchers conducted a study in the following stages: (1) based on the criteria of the subject, the researchers chose one subject of the research; (2) based on the prior studies, researcher developed a research instrument consisting of local government assessment instruments - i.e. human resources, authorities, organization size, public service performance - in solving the Surabaya City Government’s structuring problem; (3) interviews were conducted based on the organization’s authorities; and (4) the data obtained is then described and analyzed using qualitative analysis method to obtain to develop a model for solving organizational structuring problem in Surabaya City Government.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Organisation Restructuring, Organisation Restructuring Model, Governance. </p>
Implementasi Perubahan Kelembagaan Pelayanan Terpadu dalam Merespon Kebijakan Pemerintah Pusat
Authors: - Ardiyati 
Published: April 2021

<p>Bentuk kelembagaan merupakan faktor penting yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja lembaga pelayanan terpadu satu pintu. Bentuk kelembagaan pelayanan terpadu diatur menurut kemampuan daerah. Meskipun begitu kebijakan pemerintah pusat juga mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan kelembagaan daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sejauhmana implementasi Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 100 tahun 2016 tentang Pedoman Nomenklatur Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu berpengaruh terhadap terwujudnya proses kelembagaan pelayanan terpadu satu pintu di Kabupaten Bantul. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan pemerintah pusat melalui Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 100 tahun 2016 tentang Pedoman Nomenklatur Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu mendorong adanya perubahan nomenklatur Dinas Perijinan Terpadu Kabupaten Bantul (DPT) berubah menjadi Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu (DPMPT). Terjadi peningkatan kewenangan lembaga dari sekedar sharing kewenangan proses perijinan permodalan dan investasi menjadi mempunyai kewenangan penuh dalam memproses dan monitoring evaluasi. Peningkatan kewenangan tersebut tidak disertai dengan perubahan pada nomenklatur kelembagaan, peningkatan kewenangan terkait dengan perijinan investasi, penambahan bidang dan seksi terkait investasi dan informasi. Peningkatan kewenangan pengolaan ijin investasi tersebut tidak diikuti dengan penambahan ijin yang dikelola dan sumber daya manusia lembaga pelayanan terpadu. Kebijakan perubahan nomenklatur lembaga pelayanan terpadu dengan peningkatan kewenangan perumusan kebijakan dan pelaksanaan dalam penanaman modal berhasil dalam mempercepat proses perijinan penanaman modal. Disisi lain beban kerja ini dirasakan terlalu berat tanpa penambahan sumber daya dinas. </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Pelayanan Terpadu, Kelembagaan</strong></p>