bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planetary nebulae with Wolf–Rayet-type central stars – II. Dissecting the compact planetary nebula M 2-31 with GTC MEGARA
Authors: Rechy-García J S , Toalá J A , Cazzoli S , Guerrero M A , Sabin L , Gómez-González V M A , Ramos-Larios G 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive analysis of the compact planetary nebula M 2-31 investigating its spectral properties, spatio-kinematical structure, and chemical composition using Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Multi-Espectrógrafo en GTC de Alta Resolución para Astronomía (MEGARA) integral field spectroscopic observations and Nordic Optical Telescope(NOT) Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (ALFOSC) medium-resolution spectra and narrow-band images. The GTC MEGARA high-dispersion observations have remarkable tomographic capabilities, producing an unprecedented view of the morphology and kinematics of M 2-31 that discloses a fast spectroscopic bipolar outflow along position angles 50○ and 230○, an extended shell, and a toroidal structure or waist surrounding the central star perpendicularly aligned with the fast outflows. These observations also show that the C ii emission is confined in the central region and enclosed by the [N ii] emission. This is the first time that the spatial segregation revealed by a two-dimensional map of the C ii line implies the presence of multiple plasma components. The deep NOT ALFOSC observations allowed us to detect broad Wolf–Rayet (WR) features from the central star of M 2-31, including previously undetected broad O vi lines that suggest a reclassification as a [WO4]-type star.
Lensing magnification: gravitational waves from coalescing stellar-mass binary black holes
Authors: Shan Xikai , Wei Chengliang , Hu Bin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves (GWs) may be magnified or de-magnified due to lensing. This phenomenon will bias the distance estimation based on the matched filtering technique. Via the multi-sphere ray-tracing technique, we study the GW magnification effect and selection effect with particular attention to the stellar-mass binary black holes. We find that, for the observed luminosity distance $\lesssim 3\, \mathrm{Gpc}$, which is the aLIGO/Virgo observational horizon limit, the average magnification keeps as unity, namely unbiased estimation, with the relative distance uncertainty $\sigma (\hat{d})/\hat{d}\simeq 0.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\sim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Beyond this observational horizon, the estimation bias can not be ignored, and with the scatters $\sigma (\hat{d})/\hat{d} = 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\sim 15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Furthermore, we forecast these numbers for Einstein Telescope (ET). We find that the average magnification keeps closely as unity for the observed luminosity distance $\lesssim 90\, \mathrm{Gpc}$. The luminosity distance estimation error due to lensing for ET is about $\sigma (\hat{d})/\hat{d} \simeq 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the luminosity distance $\gtrsim 25\, \mathrm{Gpc}$. Unlike the aLIGO/Virgo case, this sizable error is not due to the selection effect. It purely comes from the unavoidably accumulated lensing magnification. Moreover, we investigated the effects of the orientation angle and the BH mass distribution models. We found that the results are strongly dependent on these two components.
The cumulative star formation histories of dwarf galaxies with TNG50. I: environment-driven diversity and connection to quenching
Authors: Joshi Gandhali D , Pillepich Annalisa , Nelson Dylan , Zinger Elad , Marinacci Federico , Springel Volker , Vogelsberger Mark , Hernquist Lars 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the cumulative star formation histories (SFHs) of &gt;15 000 dwarf galaxies ($M_{\rm *}=10^{7-10}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) simulated with the TNG50 run of the IllustrisTNG suite across a vast range of environments. The key factors that determine the dwarfs’ SFHs are their central/satellite status and stellar mass, with centrals and more massive dwarfs assembling their stellar mass at later times, on average, compared to satellites and lower mass dwarfs. Satellites (in hosts of mass $M_{\rm 200c, host}=10^{12-14.3}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) assembled 90 per cent of their stellar mass ${\sim}7.0_{-5.5}^{+3.3}$ Gyr ago, on average and within the 10th to 90th percentiles, while the centrals did so only ${\sim}1.0_{-0.5}^{+4.0}$ Gyr ago. TNG50 predicts a large diversity in SFHs, so that individual dwarfs can have significantly different cumulative SFHs compared to the stacked median SFHs. Satellite dwarfs with the highest stellar mass to host cluster mass ratios have the latest stellar mass assembly. Conversely, satellites at fixed stellar and host halo mass found closer to the cluster centre or accreted at earlier times show significantly earlier stellar mass assembly. These trends and the shapes of the SFHs themselves are a manifestation of the varying proportions within a given subsample of quenched versus star-forming galaxies, which exhibit markedly distinct SFH shapes. Finally, satellite dwarfs in the most massive hosts have higher SFRs at early times, well before accretion into their z = 0 host, compared to a control sample of centrals mass-matched at the time of accretion. This is the result of the satellites being preprocessed in smaller hosts prior to accretion. Our findings are useful theoretical predictions for comparison to future resolved stellar population observations.
Formation of ring-like structures in flared α-discs with X-ray/FUV photoevaporation
Authors: Vallejo Juan C , Gómez de Castro Ana Inés 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Protoplanetary discs are complex dynamical systems where several processes may lead to the formation of ring-like structures and planets. These discs are flared following a profile where the vertical scale height increases with radius. In this work, we investigate the role of this disc flaring geometry on the formation of rings and holes. We combine a flattening law change with X-ray and FUV photoevaporative winds. We have used a semi-analytical 1D viscous α approach, presenting the evolution of the disc mass and mass rate in a grid of representative systems. Our results show that changing the profile of the flared disc may favour the formation of ring-like features resembling those observed in real systems at the proper evolutionary times, with proper disc masses and accretion rate values. However, these features seem to be short-lived and further enhancements are still needed for better matching all the features seen in real systems.
Birth of the ELMs: a ZTF survey for evolved cataclysmic variables turning into extremely low-mass white dwarfs
Authors: El-Badry Kareem , Rix Hans-Walter , Quataert Eliot , Kupfer Thomas , Shen Ken J 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic survey for mass-transferring and recently detached cataclysmic variables (CVs) with evolved secondaries, which are progenitors of extremely low mass white dwarfs (ELM WDs), AM CVn systems, and detached ultracompact binaries. We select targets below the main sequence in the Gaia colour–magnitude diagram with ZTF light curves showing large-amplitude ellipsoidal variability and orbital period Porb &lt; 6 h. This yields 51 candidates brighter than G = 18, of which we have obtained many-epoch spectra for 21. We confirm all 21 to be completely or nearly Roche lobe filling close binaries. Thirteen show evidence of ongoing mass transfer, which has likely just ceased in the other eight. Most of the secondaries are hotter than any previously known CV donors, with temperatures 4700 &lt; Teff/K &lt; 8000. Remarkably, all secondaries with $T_{\rm eff} \gtrsim 7000\, \rm K$ appear to be detached, while all cooler secondaries are still mass-transferring. This transition likely marks the temperature where magnetic braking becomes inefficient due to loss of the donor’s convective envelope. Most of the proto-WD secondaries have masses near $0.15\, \rm M_{\odot }$; their companions have masses near $0.8\, \rm M_{\odot }$. We infer a space density of $\sim 60\, \rm kpc^{-3}$, roughly 80 times lower than that of normal CVs and three times lower than that of ELM WDs. The implied Galactic birth rate, $\mathcal {R}\sim 60\, \rm Myr^{-1}$, is half that of AM CVn binaries. Most systems are well-described by mesa models for CVs in which mass transfer begins only as the donor leaves the main sequence. All are predicted to reach minimum periods 5 ≲ Porb min−1 ≲ 30 within a Hubble time, where they will become AM CVn binaries or merge. This sample triples the known evolved CV population and offers broad opportunities for improving understanding of the compact binary population.
A Japanese patient with anti-PM/Scl and centromere antibody-positive scleroderma-amyopathic dermatomyositis overlap syndrome who developed renal crisis
Authors: Nishida Tomoya , Nakano Kazuhisa , Satoh Minoru , Fukuyo Shunsuke , Akashi Koichi , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Anti-PM/Scl antibodies are associated with the overlap syndrome of systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis/polymyositis (SSc-DM/PM), and are found in 50% of SSc-DM/PM cases in Europe and the USA, whereas they are rare in Japan. We report a case of an 80-year-old Japanese female with SSc-amyopathic dermatomyositis overlap syndrome, who developed scleroderma renal crisis, a complication of SSc. She had positive antinuclear antibodies in a discrete-speckled and nucleolar pattern and anti-centromere antibodies and anti-PM/Scl antibodies were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation, respectively. The incidence rate of SRC in SSc patients varies significantly depending on the specificity of autoantibodies, with the highest incidence of ∼50% in anti-RNA polymerase III antibody positive patients, followed by ∼10% in anti-PM/Scl and lower incidence of 0.45% in anti-centromere antibody-positive cases. Anti-PM/Scl antibodies are uncommon in Japanese patients presumably due to its strong association with certain human leucocyte antigen haplotype that is rare in Japanese. Clinical significance of anti-PM/Scl antibodies in Japanese patients will need to be clarified with accumulation of cases in future studies.
Primary mesenchymal stromal cells in co-culture with leukaemic HL-60 cells are sensitised to cytarabine-induced genotoxicity, while leukaemic cells are protected
Authors: Gynn Liana E , Anderson Elizabeth , Robinson Gareth , Wexler Sarah A , Upstill-Goddard Gillian , Cox Christine , May Jennifer E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tumour microenvironments are hallmarked in many cancer types. In haematological malignancies, bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) protect malignant cells from drug-induced cytotoxicity. However, less is known about malignant impact on supportive stroma. Notably, it is unknown whether these interactions alter long-term genotoxic damage in either direction. The nucleoside analogue cytarabine (ara-C), common in haematological therapies, remains the most effective agent for acute myeloid leukaemia, yet one-third of patients develop resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the bidirectional effect of MSC and malignant cell co-culture on ara-C genotoxicity modulation. Primary MSC, isolated from patient BM aspirates for haematological investigations, and malignant haematopoietic cells (leukaemic HL-60) were co-cultured using trans-well inserts, prior to treatment with physiological dose ara-C. Co-culture genotoxic effects were assessed by micronucleus and alkaline comet assays. Patient BM cells from chemotherapy-treated patients had reduced ex vivo survival (P = 0.0049) and increased genotoxicity (P = 0.3172) than untreated patients. It was shown for the first time that HL-60 were protected by MSC from ara-C-induced genotoxicity, with reduced MN incidence in co-culture as compared to mono-culture (P = 0.0068). Comet tail intensity also significantly increased in ara-C-treated MSC with HL-60 influence (P = 0.0308). MSC sensitisation to ara-C genotoxicity was also demonstrated following co-culture with HL60 (P = 0.0116), which showed significantly greater sensitisation when MSC-HL-60 co-cultures were exposed to ara-C (P = 0.0409). This study shows for the first time that malignant HSC and MSC bidirectionally modulate genotoxicity, providing grounding for future research identifying mechanisms of altered genotoxicity in leukaemic microenvironments. MSC retain long-term genotoxic and functional damage following chemotherapy exposure. Understanding the interactions perpetuating such damage may inform modifications to reduce therapy-related complications, such as secondary malignancies and BM failure.
Screening by deep sequencing reveals mediators of microRNA tailing in C. elegans
Authors: Vieux Karl-Frédéric , Prothro Katherine P , Kelley Leanne H , Palmer Cameron , Maine Eleanor M , Veksler-Lublinsky Isana , McJunkin Katherine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
microRNAs are frequently modified by addition of untemplated nucleotides to the 3′ end, but the role of this tailing is often unclear. Here we characterize the prevalence and functional consequences of microRNA tailing in vivo, using Caenorhabditis elegans. MicroRNA tailing in C. elegans consists mostly of mono-uridylation of mature microRNA species, with rarer mono-adenylation which is likely added to microRNA precursors. Through a targeted RNAi screen, we discover that the TUT4/TUT7 gene family member CID-1/CDE-1/PUP-1 is required for uridylation, whereas the GLD2 gene family member F31C3.2—here named GLD-2-related 2 (GLDR-2)—is required for adenylation. Thus, the TUT4/TUT7 and GLD2 gene families have broadly conserved roles in miRNA modification. We specifically examine the role of tailing in microRNA turnover. We determine half-lives of microRNAs after acute inactivation of microRNA biogenesis, revealing that half-lives are generally long (median = 20.7 h), as observed in other systems. Although we observe that the proportion of tailed species increases over time after biogenesis, disrupting tailing does not alter microRNA decay. Thus, tailing is not a global regulator of decay in C. elegans. Nonetheless, by identifying the responsible enzymes, this study lays the groundwork to explore whether tailing plays more specialized context- or miRNA-specific regulatory roles.
Recent advances and new discoveries in the pipeline of the treatment of primary spinal tumors and spinal metastases: a scoping review of registered clinical studies from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Furlan Julio C , Wilson Jefferson R , Massicotte Eric M , Sahgal Arjun , Fehlings Michael G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The field of spinal oncology has substantially evolved over the past decades. This review synthesizes and appraises what was learned and what will potentially be discovered from the recently completed and ongoing clinical studies related to the treatment of primary and secondary spinal neoplasms. This scoping review included all clinical studies on the treatment of spinal neoplasms registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov website from February 2000 to December 2020. The terms “spinal cord tumor,” “spinal metastasis,” and “metastatic spinal cord compression” were used. Of the 174 registered clinical studies on primary spinal tumors and spinal metastasis, most of the clinical studies registered in this American registry were interventional studies led by single institutions in North America (n = 101), Europe (n = 43), Asia (n = 24), or other continents (n = 6). The registered clinical studies mainly focused on treatment strategies for spinal neoplasms (90.2%) that included investigating stereotactic radiosurgery (n = 33), radiotherapy (n = 21), chemotherapy (n = 20), and surgical technique (n = 11). Of the 69 completed studies, the results from 44 studies were published in the literature. In conclusion, this review highlights the key features of the 174 clinical studies on spinal neoplasms that were registered from 2000 to 2020. Clinical trials were heavily skewed toward the metastatic population as opposed to the primary tumors which likely reflects the rarity of the latter condition and associated challenges in undertaking prospective clinical studies in this population. This review serves to emphasize the need for a focused approach to enhancing translational research in spinal neoplasms with a particular emphasis on primary tumors.
Glutamine anaplerosis is required for amino acid biosynthesis in human meningiomas
Authors: Ijare Omkar B , Hambarde Shashank , Brasil da Costa Fabio Henrique , Lopez Sophie , Sharpe Martyn A , Helekar Santosh A , Hangel Gilbert , Bogner Wolfgang , Widhalm Georg , Bachoo Robert M , Baskin David S , Pichumani Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
We postulate that meningiomas undergo distinct metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and unraveling their metabolic phenotypes provide new therapeutic insights. Glutamine catabolism is key to the growth and proliferation of tumors. Here, we investigated the metabolomics of freshly resected meningiomas and glutamine metabolism in patient-derived meningioma cells.

Methods
1H NMR spectroscopy of tumor tissues from meningioma patients was used to differentiate the metabolite profiles of grade-I and grade-II meningiomas. Glutamine metabolism was examined using 13C/15N glutamine tracer, in 5 patient-derived meningioma cells.

Results
Alanine, lactate, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine were predominantly elevated only in grade-II meningiomas by 74%, 76%, 35%, 75%, and 33%, respectively, with alanine and glutamine levels being statistically significant (P ≤ .02). 13C/15N glutamine tracer experiments revealed that both grade-I and -II meningiomas actively metabolize glutamine to generate various key carbon intermediates including alanine and proline that are necessary for the tumor growth. Also, it is shown that glutaminase (GLS1) inhibitor, CB-839 is highly effective in downregulating glutamine metabolism and decreasing proliferation in meningioma cells.

Conclusion
Alanine and glutamine/glutamate are mainly elevated in grade-II meningiomas. Grade-I meningiomas possess relatively higher glutamine metabolism providing carbon/nitrogen for the biosynthesis of key nonessential amino acids. GLS1 inhibitor (CB-839) is very effective in downregulating glutamine metabolic pathways in grade-I meningiomas leading to decreased cellular proliferation.
A pH-response chemotherapy synergistic photothermal therapy for tumor suppression and bone regeneration by mussel-inspired Mg implant
Authors: Shao Hongwei , Cheng Shi , Yao Mengyu , Ji Xiongfa , Zhong Hua , Wang Donghui , Fan Xiujuan , Li Qian , Zhou Jielong , Zhang Yu , Peng Feng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Primary malignant bone tumors can be life-threatening. Surgical resection of tumor plus chemotherapy is the standard clinical treatment. However, postoperative recovery is hindered due to tumor recurrence caused by residual tumor cells and bone defect caused by resection of tumor tissue. Herein, a multifunctional mussel-inspired film was fabricated on Mg alloy, that is, an inner hydrothermal-treated layer, a middle layer of polydopamine, and an outer layer of doxorubicin. The modified Mg alloy showed excellent photothermal effect and thermal/pH-controlled release of doxorubicin. The synergistic effect of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy enabled the modified Mg alloy to kill bone tumor in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in nude mice. Moreover, because of the controlled release of Mg ions and biocompatibility of polydopamine, the modified Mg alloy supported extracellular matrix mineralization, alkaline phosphatase activity, and bone-related gene expression in C3H10T1/2. Bone implantation model in rats verified that the modified Mg showed excellent osteointegration. These findings prove that the use of mussel-inspired multifunction film on Mg alloy offers a promising strategy for the therapy of primary malignant bone tumor.
CORRELATION BETWEEN ANTERIOR–POSTERIOR AND LATERAL DIMENSIONS WITH THE EFFECTIVE AND WATER-EQUIVALENT DIAMETERS IN AXIAL IMAGES FROM HEAD COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Dewi Winda Kusuma , Anam Choirul , Hidayanto Eko , Wati Annisa Lidia , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe study aims to correlate the effective diameter (Deff) and water-equivalent diameter (Dw) parameters with anterior–posterior (AP), lateral (LAT) and AP + LAT dimensions in order to estimate the patient dose in head CT examinations. Seventy-four patient datasets from head CT examinations were retrospectively collected. The patient’s sizes were calculated from the middle slice using a software of IndoseCT. Dw and Deff were plotted as functions of AP, LAT and AP + LAT dimensions. The best trendline fit for LAT and AP functions was a second order polynomial, which resulted in R2 of 0.89 for Deff vs LAT, 0.88 for Dw vs LAT, 0.92 for Deff vs AP and 0.91 for Dw vs AP. A linear correlation was found for Deff vs AP + LAT, Dw vs AP + LAT and Dw vs Deff with R2 of 0.97, 0.96 and 0.98, respectively.
University students’ fully digital study of mathematics: an identification of student-groups via their resources usage and a characterization by personal and affective characteristics
Authors: Kempen Leander , Liebendörfer Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We investigated university students’ study of mathematics in the digital setting context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We gathered data from a survey of 89 students enrolled in a ‘Linear Algebra 1’ course including affective variables, learning strategies, social relatedness and resources considered useful. The results indicate students’ high effort and self-regulation and a high variation in affective characteristics and social relatedness. All the traditional aspects of mathematics teaching (lecture, tutorials and lecture notes) were rated as particularly useful. In addition, the videos from external resources were rated as equally useful as the teaching team’s videos. In contrast, traditional literature such as textbooks was rarely considered useful. The most useful resource rated was communication with peers, underlining the important role of social learning despite fully digital learning environments. Finally, a cluster analysis based on students’ rated usefulness of the resources led to three different user-types. Whereas the ‘digitals’ find the external digital resources very useful (videos, webpages, etc.), the ‘traditionalists’ rate the digitalized traditional resources best (lecture, tutorials, etc.). All resources receive uniformly good ratings from a third group (‘all resource users’). We reflect on our findings in light of the pandemic and describe directions for future research.