bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Composite Design for Solvent Extraction of Oil from Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed
Authors: Ojewumi M. E. , Ehinmowo A.B. , Ekanem G.P. , Nsionu J.U. , Bolujo E.O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOptimization of neem oil extraction using Central Composite Design (CCD) was evaluated in this research. The effects of two factors: sample weight and extraction duration on the response which is neem oil volume extracted, were investigated. The CCD employed resulted in 13 experimental runs. Extraction was carried out in a 250 ml Soxhlet extractor. Hexane was used as solvent with thermostated heating mantle at temperature 60°C. Results obtained shows the optimized values of 54.69% of neem oil was obtained with 25 g weight of sample with extraction time of 12hours. Ther2andr2adjvalues were close to 1 which indicates that the regression model was a good one.
A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Power Plants Reliability Using Stochastic Methods
Authors: Shopeju O. O , Oyedepo S. O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Adequate and reliable electricity supplies are essential for socio-economic transformation of any nation. Therefore, in the current competitive market, the major focus of any power utility should be to provide consumers with electrical energy in the most economical way, with a high quality and reliability level. On a global scale, reliable electric power availability has been observed as effective and indispensable machinery for the rapid industrial and economic growth of any nation. Efficient and quality energy supply continuity has become one of the more relevant factors of development both in Industrialized and in Developing Countries; therefore, a suitable analysis is recommended to reach a sound compromise between service quality and cost. The analysis of reliability has increasingly been accepted as a basic tool for designing, operation scheduling and maintenance of any system. A power system is expected to supply electrical energy as economical as possible and with a high level of quality and reliability. The reliability of a power system can be evaluated deterministically or probabilistically. The use of deterministic reliability indices in terms of generating reserve capacity is now considered obsolete. Hence, in this study, reliability assessments using probabilistic indices to estimate the operational reliability of thermal power plants have been comprehensively reviewed. This paper concludes that a probabilistic approach of assessing thermal power plants is more result-oriented than deterministic approach.
The Possibility of Biogas production in Nigeria from Organic Waste Material: A Review
Authors: Biodun M.B. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Okeniyi J. O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Biogas waste initiative is one big solution to Nigeria’s growing solid waste problem. This study explores the potential biogas processing of organic waste materials and their benefits to the areas where the excess of such organic waste is located. Based on this review, researchers were noted to be proposing lots of distinctive ways to contain generating solid waste and discoveries have been highlighted to show the importance of converting these organic wastes to biogas. Processing is a well-established technology mainly for sustainable energy use generation in addition to the valorization of organic residues. Through this analysis, these wastes were described as enormous sources of biogas that can assist to solve some of the electricity problems in the country.
Slurry-Phase Bioremediation of Ogoni Land Crude Oil Contaminated Soil
Authors: Babalola R. , Efeovbokhan V.E. , Atiku Y. O. , Usoro U.E. , Ibeh M. A. , Alagbe E.E. , Omoleye J. A. , Abatan O. G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The contamination of soil originated from evolutional activities such as transportation and spillage, as in the case of Ogoni land in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, and it is a well-known environmental problem in Nigeria. This study examined the capacity of two indigenous bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis to remediate the hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The focus of the work was to isolate, identify, and determine the extent of bioremediation achieved in the soil contaminated with crude oil in Ogoni land, which was used as a case study for the slurry-phase bioremediation process. These organisms earlier mentioned were identified based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The bacteria species were considered separately and in combination in a Laboratory-scale slurry-phase in a 14-day treatment period using 30 g of soil for each case. The performance of each batch bioreactor was compared to the sterile control. The slurry phase bio-reactor, RA, treated with Pseudomonas sp., had an actual degradation of 31%, the slurry phase bio-reactor, RB, treated with Bacillus sp., had a real degradation of 35%. The slurry phase bio-reactor Rc, which contain both microorganisms had an actual degradation of 36%, the slurry phase bio-reactor RD had a real degradation of 0%. The results obtained confirm that the isolated bacterial from the soil can effectively utilize contaminating crude oil as a source of carbon and energy. The decrease of hydrocarbon in the sterile control was used as a basis for comparison of the petroleum hydrocarbons lost through the extraction process as microbiological activity was not possible. Results from the study have shown that P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis strains were effective for the slurry-phase bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil.
Investigation of Fracture behaviour of API X70 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Egene M. S. , Adedipe O. , Okoro U.G. , Obanimomo K. T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Oil and gas production has significantly increased over the years in order to meet future demands for oil and gas products, regardless of the unstable price being experienced by producing nations. The use of pipelines for the transportation of these products has been the globally recognized solution. These pipelines are fabricated by welding and their fracture properties depend on a number of factors which include temperature, particularly for pipelines operating in cold environment such as deeper water depths. Therefore, information of fracture behaviour of welded pipelines located in cold regions is therefore important for reliable design for service. In this paper, fracture behaviour of welded x70 pipeline steel was investigated using charpy v-notch specimens. Impact tests were carried out on weld and parent materials at temperatures -10°C, -20°C, -40°C, -60°C, -80°C, -100°C, -120°C, -160°C, 0°C, 10°C and 20°C. Results revealed that higher energy was absorbed in the weld than in parent materials regardless of the test temperature used. results implied that the fracture behaviour of the material could be significantly influenced by temperature, welding and the notch sensitivity of the materials.
Development of Heat sink from Aluminium Silicon Carbide for Electrical and Electronic Applications
Authors: Olaoluwayinka O. , Inegbenebor A.O. , Fayomi O. S. I. , Udoye N.E. , Babalola P. O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heat sinks play a vital role in dissipating heat in electrical and electronic equipment. The heat sink device influences the overall efficiency, cost, and size of this equipment. Due to the development of the ever-evolving electronics market, new materials with a good thermal conductivity that can absorb and disperse heat away from high temperature and lightweight are sought for. As a result of this, searching for new materials with the tended properties to replace the traditional material is the focus of this work. The candidate materials choosing is aluminium silicon carbide composite because of its properties similar to the one needed for the heat sink. The aluminium silicon carbide composite was processed with different grits silicon carbide. Thereafter, additives with different oxide composition of calcium, zinc and chromium through the processing of stir and mechanical casting were used for the production of the samples. Nine samples in all were produced for the analysis and properties testing. The results show that density, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of produced samples are closely similar to the control sample. This preliminary result indicated that the developed heat sink sample could replace the traditional one.
Design and construction of a manual food grinder
Authors: Kilanko O. , Leramo R.O. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Oyedepo S.O. , Babalola P.O. , Ilori T.A. , Mozea K.P. , Patrick P.N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, a light weight portable manual food grinder for domestic use was designed and fabricated to meet food grinding needs that arise from erratic power supply in Nigeria. The design analysis for crank lever parameters and conveyor shaft diameter were done. To make the grinder light weight, the body of the machine, the front cover that house the grinding mechanisms and the support stand were printed with Fused deposition modelling 3D printer. The crank lever, conveyour shaft, grinding discs and the adjustment lever were made of cast alumimum metal. The design analysis revealed that an effort force of 600N on the crank lever will inflict maximum twisting moment of 72000 N-mm and 45000 N-mm on the conveyor shaft of the grinder. For the design of crank lever arm, the minimum boss diameter, boss length, boss thickness, lever thickness, lever width, and crank lever diameter were 18.24 mm, 22.9 mm, 3.42 mm, 8.58 mm, 17.36 mm and 14.94 mm respectively. The minimum conveyor shaft diameter was 25.02 mm while the machine required minimum power of 301.59W.
Mechanical Ventilator for Respiratory Impaired Persons: A Review
Authors: Owodolu T. , Bolu C. A. , Azeta J. , Okokpujie I. P. , O. Kilanko S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMechanical ventilator is one of the most important devices used in anesthesia and intensive care units for generating a regulated flow of gas into a patient’s lungs. Oxygen is required by every human to stay alive and in cases where a patient is undergoing an acute respiratory distress, a mechanical ventilator is used to deliver external ventilation which could be generated from a hospital’s built in supply system or from a portable oxygen generator. The ventilator is connected to the patient’s lungs through an endotracheal tube (ETT) to deliver air by compressing a conventional bag-valve mask (BVM) with a pivoting cam arm, thereby eliminating the need for a human operator. The device also operates by setting some parameters which can be predetermined by clinicians as well as an assist control mode and an alarm to determine when the system is over pressured. The paper focuses on review of Mechanical ventilators, the different modes of ventilation, anatomy tract of the respiratory system, respiratory mechanics, and approaches of ventilation.
Experimental study on the surface microstructural evolution and fatigue wear resistance of pearlite wheel steels during rolling-sliding condition
Authors: Zhao Hai , He Yizhu , Jiang Bo , Zou Qiang , An Tao , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In present paper, the relationship between fatigue and wear of three kinds of pearlite wheel steel samples is investigated by using rolling wear tester under 0.2% slip ratio condition. The results show that the weight loss, the surface hardness and the thickness of plastic deformation layer of three kinds of wheel samples are increased as the increase of cycles during rolling wear process. The weight loss of the G1 wheel sample is the highest owing to the existence of a large amount of proeutectoid ferrite (PF)grains. The correlation between weight loss and fatigue is competitive. High weight loss of the G1 wheel sample can hinder the formation of fatigue wear cracks. As a result, the G1 wheel sample surface changes to smooth after wear. The low weight loss of the G2 wheel sample and the G3 wheel sample cannot hinder the production of fatigue wear cracks during wear process. At the late wear stage, the wheel sample surface produces many fatigue wear cracks, and the wear mechanism becomes fatigue wear. Fatigue wear cracks, which are the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) crack source, can accelerate the RCF failure of wheel samples.
Sex, Age, BMI, and C-Reactive Protein Impact the Odds of Developing Hypertension—Findings Based on Data From the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
Authors: Speer Hollie , D’Cunha Nathan M , Naumovski Nenad , McKune Andrew J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases and premature death, therefore determining factors that contribute to such a high burden of disease is critically important. This study examined anthropometric and physical measurements, as well as blood and saliva biomarkers, as predictors for hypertension using datasets from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study.

Methods
A total of 2,924 participants (aged 74.84 ± 6.45 years) were included. Binary logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of sex, age, telomere length, C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), and additional markers on the odds of developing hypertension.

Results
Males had 2.3 times the odds (odds ratio (OR) = 2.313, confidence interval (CI) 95% (1.391, 3.845); P = 0.001) of being hypertensive if they were obese, females had 1.7 times the odds (OR = 1.788, CI 95% (1.260, 2.536); P = 0.001) if overweight, and 2.4 times (OR = 2.479, CI 95% (1.693, 3.630); P &lt; 0.001) if obese. Age in females was an independent predictor where every 1-year increase in age was tied to a 5.1% increase in being hypertensive (OR = 1.051, CI 95% (1.027, 1.075); P &lt;0.001), and CRP (&gt;3 mg/l) had 1.4 times the odds (OR = 1.447, CI 95% (1.079, 1.942); P = 0.014).

Conclusions
This study provides verification for BMI as a predictor for hypertension and proposes age and CRP as predictors for females. Specific sex differences and life stage should be considered when evaluating hypertension risk to improve clinical outcomes and promote healthy aging.
Overexpression of MicroRNA-429 Transgene Into the Renal Medulla Attenuated Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Dahl S Rats
Authors: Zhu Qing , Hu Junping , Wang Lei , Wang Weili , Wang Zhengchao , Li Pin-Lan , Li Ningjun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
We have previously shown that high salt stimulates the expression of miR-429 in the renal medulla, which induces mRNA decay of HIF prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), an enzyme to promote the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and increases the HIF-1α-mediated activation of antihypertensive genes in the renal medulla, consequently promoting extra sodium excretion. Our preliminary results showed that high salt-induced increase of miR-429 was not observed in Dahl S rats. This present study determined whether correction of this impairment in miR-429 would reduce PHD2 levels, increase antihypertensive gene expression in the renal medulla and attenuate salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl S rats.

Methods
Lentiviruses encoding rat miR-429 were transfected into the renal medulla in uninephrectomized Dahl S rats. Sodium excretion and blood pressure were then measured.

Results
Transduction of lentiviruses expressing miR-429 into the renal medulla increased miR-429 levels, decreased PHD2 levels, and upregulated HIF-1α target gene NOS-2, which restored the adaptive mechanism to increase the antihypertensive gene after high-salt intake in Dahl S rats. Functionally, overexpression of miR-429 transgene in the renal medulla significantly improved pressure natriuretic response, enhanced urinary sodium excretion, and reduced sodium retention upon extra sodium loading, and consequently, attenuated the salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl S rats.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the impaired miR-429-mediated PHD2 inhibition in response to high salt in the renal medulla may represent a novel mechanism for salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl S rats and that correction of this impairment in miR-429 pathway could be a therapeutic approach for salt-sensitive hypertension.
Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring Among Adults With Self-Reported Hypertension in 20 US States and the District of Columbia, 2019
Authors: Fang Jing , Luncheon Cecily , Wall Hilary K , Wozniak Gregory , Loustalot Fleetwood 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Achieving hypertension control requires multiple supportive inventions, including self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring. The objective of this study is to report the use of SMBP among US adults.

Methods
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data were used for this study. The 2019 survey included, for the first time, an optional SMBP module. Twenty states and the District of Columbia (N = 159,536) opted to include the module, which assessed whether participants were advised by a healthcare professional to use SMBP, and if they used SMBP monitoring. Among those using SMBP, additional questions assessed the location of SMBP monitoring and whether SMBP readings were shared with a healthcare professional.

Results
Among adults in the study population, 33.9% (95% confidence interval 33.4%–34.5%) reported having hypertension (N = 66,869). Among them, nearly 70% were recommended to use SMBP by their healthcare professional and approximately 61% reported SMBP use regardless of recommendation. The most common location of SMBP was the home (85.6%). Overall, &gt;80% shared their SMBP reading with their healthcare professional, 74% and 7% were shared in person and via the internet or email, respectively. There were differences in healthcare professional recommendations, use of SMBP, and SMBP information sharing across demographic characteristics and state of residency.

Conclusions
SMBP recommendation was common practice among healthcare professionals, as reported by US adults with hypertension. Data from this study can be used to guide interventions to promote hypertension self-management and control.
Stroke Survivors Experience Elevated Levels of Loneliness: A Multi-Year Analysis of the National Survey for Wales
Authors: Byrne Christopher , Saville Christopher W N , Coetzer Rudi , Ramsey Richard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
Despite clinical observation that stroke survivors frequently experience loneliness, there is no large-scale empirical evidence to support this observation. Therefore, the primary objective of this research was to provide the first large-scale and comprehensive estimate of loneliness in the stroke survivor population.

Method
To address this issue, we completed two preregistered analyses of a nationally representative annual survey (N &gt; 21,000). A two-phase approach was adopted combining both exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory (Study 2) phases. The benefit of such an approach is that replication is built into the design, which considerably strengthens the inferences that can be made.

Results
Across two separate cohorts, the results consistently showed that human stroke survivors report higher levels of loneliness compared with healthy individuals, and this relationship could not be accounted for by demographic factors (e.g., age, sex) or objective measures of social isolation (e.g., marital status, number of household members).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that elevated levels of loneliness poststroke are robust in that they replicate in large nationally representative samples and cannot be reduced to objective measures of social isolation. The work has clinical and societal relevance by suggesting that loneliness poststroke is unlikely to be adequately “treated” if only the quantity and not the quality of social experiences are considered.
MIMIC: an optimization method to identify cell type-specific marker panel for cell sorting
Authors: Zou Meng , Duren Zhana , Yuan Qiuyue , Li Henry , Hutchins Andrew Paul , Wong Wing Hung , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMulti-omics data allow us to select a small set of informative markers for the discrimination of specific cell types and study of cellular heterogeneity. However, it is often challenging to choose an optimal marker panel from the high-dimensional molecular profiles for a large amount of cell types. Here, we propose a method called Mixed Integer programming Model to Identify Cell type-specific marker panel (MIMIC). MIMIC maintains the hierarchical topology among different cell types and simultaneously maximizes the specificity of a fixed number of selected markers. MIMIC was benchmarked on the mouse ENCODE RNA-seq dataset, with 29 diverse tissues, for 43 surface markers (SMs) and 1345 transcription factors (TFs). MIMIC could select biologically meaningful markers and is robust for different accuracy criteria. It shows advantages over the standard single gene-based approaches and widely used dimensional reduction methods, such as multidimensional scaling and t-SNE, both in accuracy and in biological interpretation. Furthermore, the combination of SMs and TFs achieves better specificity than SMs or TFs alone. Applying MIMIC to a large collection of 641 RNA-seq samples covering 231 cell types identifies a panel of TFs and SMs that reveal the modularity of cell type association networks. Finally, the scalability of MIMIC is demonstrated by selecting enhancer markers from mouse ENCODE data. MIMIC is freely available at https://github.com/MengZou1/MIMIC.
Consensus clustering of single-cell RNA-seq data by enhancing network affinity
Authors: Cui Yaxuan , Zhang Shaoqiang , Liang Ying , Wang Xiangyun , Ferraro Thomas N , Chen Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractElucidation of cell subpopulations at high resolution is a key and challenging goal of single-cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. Although unsupervised clustering methods have been proposed for de novo identification of cell populations, their performance and robustness suffer from the high variability, low capture efficiency and high dropout rates which are characteristic of scRNA-seq experiments. Here, we present a novel unsupervised method for Single-cell Clustering by Enhancing Network Affinity (SCENA), which mainly employed three strategies: selecting multiple gene sets, enhancing local affinity among cells and clustering of consensus matrices. Large-scale validations on 13 real scRNA-seq datasets show that SCENA has high accuracy in detecting cell populations and is robust against dropout noise. When we applied SCENA to large-scale scRNA-seq data of mouse brain cells, known cell types were successfully detected, and novel cell types of interneurons were identified with differential expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunits and transporters. SCENA is equipped with CPU + GPU (Central Processing Units + Graphics Processing Units) heterogeneous parallel computing to achieve high running speed. The high performance and running speed of SCENA combine into a new and efficient platform for biological discoveries in clustering analysis of large and diverse scRNA-seq datasets.