bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal ideation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Jimma medical center, Ethiopia
Authors: Anbesaw Tamrat , Negash Alemayehu , Mamaru Almaz , Abebe Habtamu , Belete Asmare , Ayano Getinet 
Published: August 2021

Background
Suicidal ideation (SI) among pregnant women is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with a higher risk of completed suicide. However, there are limited studies that determined the prevalence and the potential determinants of suicidal ideation in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Jimma, Ethiopia.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 pregnant women attending Jimma medical center in Southwest, Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Suicidal ideation assessed using the Suicidality Module of the World Mental Health survey initiative version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Other tools used are EPDS, Abuse Assessment Scale (AAS), DASS -21, PSS, Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential determinants of suicidal ideation among the participants.

Result
The prevalence of SI among women who are on antenatal care was found to be 13.3% (95% CI (10.1,16.4). In multivariable analysis, marital status with lack of cohabiting partners (AOR = 2.80,95%CI:1.23,6.37), history of abortion (AOR = 2.45,95% CI:1.03,5.93), having depression (AOR = 4.28,95% CI:1.75,10.44),anxiety(AOR = 2.99,95% CI:1.24,7.20), poor sleep quality (AOR = 2.85,95% CI:1.19,6.79), stress (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI:1.01,5.67), and intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.07,5.47) were found to be significant predictors of suicidal ideation.

Conclusion
The prevalence of SI among pregnant women was found to be huge. Lack of cohabiting partners, previous history of abortion, depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, poor sleep quality, and stress were variables that are independent predictors of suicidal ideation. Screening and interventions of antenatal SI are needed.
Health and social behaviour through pandemic phases in Switzerland: Regional time-trends of the COVID-19 Social Monitor panel study
Authors: Moser André , von Wyl Viktor , Höglinger Marc 
Published: August 2021

Background
Switzerland has a liberal implementation of Coronavirus mitigation measures compared to other European countries. Since March 2020, measures have been evolving and include a mixture of central and federalistic mitigation strategies across three culturally diverse language regions. The present study investigates a hypothesised heterogeneity in health, social behavior and adherence to mitigation measures across the language regions by studying pre-specified interaction effects. Our findings aim to support the communication of regionally targeted mitigation strategies and to provide evidence to address longterm population-health consequences of the pandemic by accounting for different pandemic contexts and cultural aspects.

Methods
We use data from from the COVID-19 Social Monitor, a longitudinal population-based online survey. We define five mitigation periods between March 2020 and May 2021. We use unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models to investigate a hypothesized interaction effect between mitigation periods and language regions on selected study outcomes covering the domains of general health and quality of life, mental health, loneliness/isolation, physical activity, health care use and adherence to mitigation measures.

Results
We analyze 2,163 (64%) participants from the German/Romansh-speaking part of Switzerland, 713 (21%) from the French-speaking part and 505 (15%) from the Italian-speaking part. We found evidence for an interaction effect between mitigation periods and language regions for adherence to mitigation measures, but not for other study outcomes (social behavior, health). The presence of poor quality of life, lack of energy, no physical activity, health care use, and the adherence to mitigation measures changed similarly over mitigation periods in all language regions.

Discussion
As the pandemic unfolded in Switzerland, also health and social behavior changed between March 2020 to May 2021. Changes in adherence to mitigation measures differ between language regions and reflect the COVID-19 incidence patterns in the investigated mitigation periods, with higher adherence in regions with previously higher incidence. Targeted communcation of mitigation measures and policy making should include cultural, geographical and socioeconomic aspects to address yet unknown long-term population health consequences caused by the pandemic.
Comparative study on the changes of bacterial species and severity of antimicrobial resistance during 13 years
Authors: Zhang Huili , Zhou Kairui , He Xinglong , Yuan Xin 
Published: August 2021

Background
With the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the problem of bacterial resistance has become a global crisis. To monitor bacterial resistance in our hospital, the distribution of specimens, the detection of pathogens and their drug resistance from July 2005 to June 2007 (13 years ago) and July 2018 to June 2020 were compared and analyzed.

Methods
Ordinary specimens (such as sputum, urine, feces, and secretion) were inoculated in blood AGAR media, MacConkey medium, chocolate medium, double SS medium and selective culture medium. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, joint cavity effusion and other sterile body fluid samples were inoculated in aerobic and anaerobic blood culture flasks. Automatic microbial identification, drug sensitivity analysis and mass spectrometry analysis were used to determine their drug sensitivity.

Results
Compared with the results obtained 13 years ago, the number of specimens submitted for inspection in the past two years has increased significantly, exhibiting a growth rate of 283%. The changes in the pathogen species were obvious. Gram-positive cocci were the dominant bacteria 13 years ago, and Gram-negative bacilli were the dominant bacteria in the past two years. In addition, the resistance of several major Gram-negative bacilli to piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem and imipenem all showed an increasing trend.

Conclusion
The variety of pathogenic bacteria in our hospital has changed significantly in the past two years compared with that 13 years ago, and the clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli have increased significantly compared with Gram-positive cocci. In the clinical treatment of anti-infective diseases, antimicrobial agents should be selected according to the bacterial distribution characteristics and drug resistance in each hospital.
Inflammatory pathways amongst people living with HIV in Malawi differ according to socioeconomic status
Authors: Kelly Christine , Tinago Willard , Alber Dagmar , Hunter Patricia , Luckhurst Natasha , Connolly Jake , Arrigoni Francesca , Garcia Abner Alejandro , Kamn’gona Raphael , Sheha Irene , Chammudzi Mishek , Jambo Kondwani , Mallewa Jane , Rapala Alicja , Mallon Patrick W. G. , Mwandumba Henry , Klein Nigel , Khoo Saye 
Published: August 2021

Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increased amongst people living with HIV (PLWH) and are driven by persistent immune activation. The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in immune activation amongst PLWH is unknown, especially in low-income sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where such impacts may be particularly severe.

Methods
We recruited Malawian adults with CD4<100 cells/ul two weeks after starting ART in the REALITY trial (NCT01825031), as well as volunteers without HIV infection. Clinical assessment, socioeconomic evaluation, blood draw for immune activation markers and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) were carried out at 2- and 42-weeks post-ART initiation. Socioeconomic risk factors for immune activation and arterial stiffness were assessed using linear regression models.

Results
Of 279 PLWH, the median (IQR) age was 36 (31–43) years and 122 (44%) were female. Activated CD8 T-cells increased from 70% amongst those with no education to 88% amongst those with a tertiary education (p = 0.002); and from 71% amongst those earning less than 10 USD/month to 87% amongst those earning between 100–150 USD/month (p = 0.0001). Arterial stiffness was also associated with higher SES (car ownership p = 0.003, television ownership p = 0.012 and electricity access p = 0.029). Conversely, intermediate monocytes were higher amongst those with no education compared to a tertiary education (12.6% versus 7.3%; p = 0.01) and trended towards being higher amongst those earning less than 10 USD/month compared to 100–150 USD/month (10.5% versus 8.0%; p = 0.08). Water kiosk use showed a protective association against T cell activation (p = 0.007), as well as endothelial damage (MIP1β, sICAM1 and sVCAM1 p = 0.047, 0.026 and 0.031 respectively).

Conclusions
Socioeconomic risk factors for persistent inflammation amongst PLWH in SSA differ depending on the type of inflammatory pathway. Understanding these pathways and their socioeconomic drivers will help identify those at risk and target interventions for NCDs. Future studies assessing drivers of inflammation in HIV should include an SES assessment.
Differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on laboratory reporting of norovirus and Campylobacter in England: A modelling approach
Authors: Ondrikova Nikola , Clough Helen E. , Douglas Amy , Iturriza-Gomara Miren , Larkin Lesley , Vivancos Roberto , Harris John P. , Cunliffe Nigel A. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted surveillance activities for multiple pathogens. Since March 2020, there was a decline in the number of reports of norovirus andCampylobacterrecorded by England’s national laboratory surveillance system. The aim is to estimate and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on norovirus andCampylobactersurveillance data in England.MethodsWe utilised two quasi-experimental approaches based on a generalised linear model for sequential count data. The first approach estimates overall impact and the second approach focuses on the impact of specific elements of the pandemic response (COVID-19 diagnostic testing and control measures). The following time series (27, 2015–43, 2020) were used: weekly laboratory-confirmed norovirus andCampylobacterreports, air temperature, conducted Sars-CoV-2 tests and Index of COVID-19 control measures stringency.ResultsThe period of Sars-CoV-2 emergence and subsequent sustained transmission was associated with persistent reductions in norovirus laboratory reports (p = 0.001), whereas the reductions were more pronounced during pandemic emergence and later recovered forCampylobacter(p = 0.075). The total estimated reduction was 47% - 79% for norovirus (12–43, 2020). The total reduction varied by time forCampylobacter, e.g. 19% - 33% in April, 1% - 7% in August.ConclusionLaboratory reporting of norovirus was more adversely impacted thanCampylobacterby the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be partially explained by a comparatively stronger effect of behavioural interventions on norovirus transmission and a relatively greater reduction in norovirus testing capacity. Our study underlines the differential impact a pandemic may have on surveillance of gastrointestinal infectious diseases.
Population Aging and the Demand for Private Health Insurance in China
Authors: Zheng Lili 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study examines the potential impact of aging on the demand for private health insurance (PHI) in China. Using the provincial data for 2000–2018, we find that a 1-percent increase in each proportion of the elderly population and old-age dependency ratio increases the PHI demand by 4.8 and 5.2%, respectively. A one-percent increase in the child dependency ratio decreases the PHI demand by 1.5%. We employ an instrumental variable approach; the findings support that the proportion of the elderly individuals in the total population, old-age dependency ratio, child dependency ratio, and urban green area significantly affect the PHI demand. The rolling estimate indicates that aging has a significant positive effect on the PHI demand over a rolling window of a fixed sample size. Additionally, by controlling for province and year fixed effects, we find that aging is positively associated with the PHI demand in China.
Rufinamide (RUF) suppresses inflammation and maintains the integrity of the blood–brain barrier during kainic acid-induced brain damage
Authors: Yu Huaxu , He Bin , Han Xu , Yan Ting 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rufinamide (RUF) is a structurally unique anti-epileptic drug, but its protective mechanism against brain injury remains unclear. In the present study, we validated how the RUF protected mice with kainic acid (KA)-induced neuronal damage. To achieve that, a mouse epilepsy model was established by KA intraperitoneal injection. After Nissl staining, although there was a significant reduction in Nissl bodies in mice treated with KA, 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, RUF significantly reduced KA-induced neuronal damage, in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, 120 mg/kg RUF was most pronounced. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis showed that RUF inhibited the IBA-1 overexpression caused by KA to block microglia cell overactivation. Further, RUF treatment partially reversed neuroinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNFα, HMGB1, and NLRP3) overexpression in mRNA and protein levels in KA mice. Moreover, although KA stimulation inhibited the expression of tight junctions, RUF treatment significantly upregulated expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin 5) in both mRNA and protein levels in the brain tissues of KA mice. RUF inhibited the overactivation of microglia, suppressed the neuroinflammatory response, and reduced the destruction of blood–brain barrier, thereby alleviating the excitatory nerve damage of the KA-mice.
3D-printed porous scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation of hADMSCs
Authors: He Xuebin , Ao Huafei , Qiao Ying , Li Zhengwen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To explore the role of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous titanium alloy scaffold (3D scaffold) in the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
hADMSCs were divided into control and 3D scaffold groups. The osteogenic differentiation of hADMSCs and expression of osteogenic makers were estimated. Based on the information from published articles, five candidate circular RNAs were selected, and among them, hsa_circ_0019142 showed the most promising results. Finally, control group cells were overexpressed or silenced with the hsa_circ_0019142. Then, Alizarin red S (ARS) staining, calcium content analysis and estimation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and collagen-1 (COL1) were performed to evaluate the role of hsa_circ_0019142 on osteogenic differentiation.

Results
Osteogenic differentiation of the hADMSCs was significantly higher in the 3D scaffold group than in the control group, as evidenced by ARS staining, increased calcium concentration, and elevated expression of above four osteogenic factors. qPCR revealed that the expression of hsa_circ_0019142 was significantly higher in the 3D scaffold group. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0019142 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hADMSCs, while knockdown of hsa_circ_0019142 caused the opposite results.

Conclusion
The 3D-printed scaffold promoted osteogenic differentiation of hADMSCs by upregulating hsa_circ_0019142.
Cavity optomechanical sensing
Authors: Li Bei-Bei , Ou Lingfeng , Lei Yuechen , Liu Yong-Chun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cavity optomechanical systems enable interactions between light and mechanical resonators, providing a platform both for fundamental physics of macroscopic quantum systems and for practical applications of precision sensing. The resonant enhancement of both mechanical and optical response in the cavity optomechanical systems has enabled precision sensing of multiple physical quantities, including displacements, masses, forces, accelerations, magnetic fields, and ultrasounds. In this article, we review the progress of precision sensing applications using cavity optomechanical systems. The review is organized in the following way: first we will introduce the physical principles of optomechanical sensing, including a discussion of the noises and sensitivity of the systems, and then review the progress in displacement sensing, mass sensing, force sensing, atomic force microscope (AFM) and magnetic resonance force microscope (MRFM), accelerometry, magnetometry, and ultrasound sensing, and introduce the progress of using quantum techniques especially squeezed light to enhance the performance of the optomechanical sensors. Finally, we give a summary and outlook.
Preference Change and Behavioral Ethics: Can States Create Ethical People?
Authors: Feldman Yuval , Kaplan Yotam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Law and economics scholarship suggests that, in appropriate cases, the law can improve people’s behavior by changing their preferences. For example, the law can curb discriminatory hiring practices by providing employers with information that might change their discriminatory preference. Supposedly, if employers no longer prefer one class of employees to another, they will simply stop discriminating, with no need for further legal intervention. The current Article aims to add some depth to this familiar analysis by introducing the insights of behavioral ethics into the law and economics literature on preference change. Behavioral ethics research shows that wrongdoing often originates from semi-deliberative or non-deliberative cognitive processes. These findings suggest that the process of preference change through the use of the law is markedly more complicated and nuanced than previously appreciated. For instance, even if an employer’s explicit discriminatory stance is changed, and the employer no longer consciously prefers one class of employees over another, discriminatory behavior might persist if it originates from semi-conscious, habitual, or non-deliberative decision-making mechanisms. Therefore, actual change in behavior might necessitate a close engagement with people’s level of moral awareness. We discuss the institutional and normative implications of these insights and evaluate their significance for the attempt to improve preferences through the different functions of the legal system.
A snapshot of the coaching practices in undergraduate nursing education: evaluation of stakeholders’ perceptions and program costs
Authors: Sezer Hale , Şahin Hatice 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesSkills training is carried out with coaching in nursing education and all stakeholders are important. The aim of study was to evaluate the views of different stakeholders on coaching practice and the costs.MethodsData was collected between October 2015 and December 2016. The student dimension was evaluated using the Coaching Process Evaluation Scale with sophomore (n=237) and junior (n=219). Data was collected from the faculty member (n=18) using Critical Incidents Technique and from the educational managers (n=7) through in-depth interviews. The 2015–2016 educational program was analyzed for cost analysis.ResultsStudent evaluations of the Coaching Process Evaluation Scale demonstrated mean scores of 66.68 ± 0.85 for the Observed Coaching Skills subscale. There were four headlines (use of coaching skills, benefiting from the Coaching Process, Emotions, and Reflection) which were also observed in the faculty members data which revealed a total of 60 codes from positive and negative incidents. The educational managers, on the other hand, stressed three categories and the emotions category, which emerged in the students and faculty was not found among the educational managers. The per student cost of practice education increase sixfold from the freshman year to the junior year.ConclusionsThe perception and views on coaching practices of educational managers, faculty members, and students are positive and support each other. This provides an important opportunity for the placement of coaching practices into education programs in nursing.
Combined Effects of Geometric and Material Non—linearities on One Dimensional Structural Members
Authors: Varma R.Ramgopal , Rao G. Venkateswazra 
Published: August 2021

Combined effects of geometric and material non-linearities on a uniform column subjected to an axial compressive load are presented in the present note. A simple, direct iterative numerical method has been proposed to study the geometric and material non-linear behavior of columns subjected to varying boundary conditions. Introduction of material non-linearity in the large deﬂection analysis of columns subjected to an axial compressive load reveals a reduction in Euler stress obtained when compared to the effect of geometric non-linear analysis and increase in the same when compared to the eﬂect of material non-linear analysis. A convergence study has been carried outfor the results obtained from the proposed iterative method to prove the efficacy.
Optimization of Cutting Parameters When Machining of Magnesium AZ31 Using Box Behnken Design
Authors: Ibrahim G.A. , Hamni A. , Nadhira W. , Burhanudin Y. 
Published: August 2021

Magnesium alloy is one type of metals that is currently widely used to replace various components in the biomedical field, but because of its low melting point. special attention is required during the machining process of magnesium alloy. This study aims to optimize machining parameters specifically cutting speed, feed rate and rotary tool speed. Analyze was done by using Response Surface Method of Box Behnken Design. The rotary turning of magnesium AZ31 was done to achieve minimum wear value on the cutting tool. The use of pressurized cold air was also applied to this study to reduce the temperature between work piece and rotary cutting tool. Based on the analysis using Response Surface Method of Box Behnken Design obtained, the optimum value for the minimum tool wear in the amount of 0,27728 mm at cutting speed of 80 m/min, feeding speed of 0,1 mm/rev and rotary tool speed of 45,7071 rotation/min. The mathematical modeling obtanied is Vb = 0.3550 + 0.000797 Vc + 0.3950 f - 0.008159 Vt + 0.000090 Vt*Vt.