bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEACE BUILDING BASED ON THE LOCAL WISDOM (The study of Phenomenology-Ethnography in the Society of Islamic Relegion, Cristian, Hinduism at Balun Village, Turi Subdistric Lamongan District )
Authors: Fuad Ahmad Zakki 
Published: November 2021

The differences between of religion and belief in a particular community is usually will show a conflict between followers of religions. It has become a fact of history that can not be ignored. whereas, if it is returned on the purpose of religion itself, of course, conflict, hostility, war is something contradictory. All ofÂ true religion have aimed to creat the objectives of the human being. Such as, through the realization of harmony in social life. Religion suggests the importance of building a good attitude in the society besides spiritual rites. It was a union ofÂ two aspectsÂ relations between vertical and horizontal. Rural Prototype communities in the region which have three religions and places of worship side by side in Balun Village Turi subdistric Lamongan district. Balun one of the village have multicultur and plural in the society over the years never happened conflicts religious. Because of it, the researcher suppose to searh how is the social construction of the religious, in the harmony and howÂ is the process of establishing the values of harmony, religious rites and cultural activities that involve people of the different religions.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Phenomenological etnographyÂ approach in this research through the data sources that are grouping refers to theÂ stratification. Social startifikasi in used in this research according to Pitrim A.Sorokin and Max Weber theories were theÂ strata of society devided into some group based on the standard such as; respectable, power and authority,Â knowledge and income . then From this theory theÂ researcher devided the societyÂ into four group. The first are the figures of Islamic religious, Christian, Hindu. Second the committee of mosgue, Church and Temple Board, thirdÂ local goverment staff, educators, teachers in all religius. The fourthÂ regular community; farmers , factory workers. Based on analyzed of phenomenological ethnography, the researchers found the result of the study, these are the social construction of the religious community,Â harmony and the establishment of the values in theÂ harmony guided by the respectable each others in ideology, respectable to the hereditary tradition, expressing happiness had shown when other communities in religious rituals celebration, gave awards to other religious communities as well as a sense of togetherness reflected in any religious activities and social activities in Balun village. The HarmonyÂ foundationÂ in the application as "sacrifices" of religion for the sake of harmony by the local wisdom communities.
RESISTENSI KOMUNITAS BONOKELING TERHADAP ISLAM PURITAN DI DESA PEKUNCEN KECAMATAN JATILAWANG KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Nawai Nawawi , Lasiyo Lasiyo , Wahyono Sugeng Bayu 
Published: November 2021

Desa Pekuncen Kecamatan Jatilawang merupakan desa yang menyimpan penuh keunikan. Secara sosial mereka tampak hidup rukun, saling bekerjasama dan saling menghormati antaraÂ warga yang satu dengan yang lain. Sekilas bila dipandang secara lahiriyah tampak demikian, seakan tidak ada masalah dalam kehidupan mereka. Namun, bila dicermati dan diamati secara mendalam, ternyata warga Pekuncen menyimpan permasalahan dan ketegangan di antara mereka. Hal itu dipicu oleh pemahaman keyakinan yang berbeda yaitu penganut Islam adat dan penganut Islam Puritan atau Islam yang murni berdasarkan al Qurâ€™an dan Hadits. Kedua corak keislaman tersebut sangat berbeda bahkan kontradiktif. Komunitas Bonokeling sebagai penganut Islam Adat menduduki posisi subordinat dan selalu mendapat tekanan dari Islam Puritan. Oleh karena itu, mereka berusaha melakukan resistensi dan negosiasi terhadap pengaruh-pengaruh Islam Puritan agar kehidupan mereka tetap eksis. Mereka melakukan perlawanan dengan cara mimikri, plesetan, storytelling dan involusi kebudayaan.
DINAMIKA KEKUASAAN, ISLAM DAN WARISAN BUDAYA DI BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Marwah Sofa 
Published: November 2021

This study describe the dynamics of a power in Banjarnegara and to study Islam and its cultural heritage. Banjarnegara is located far from negarigung; hence, it does not become the focus study of experts. Nevertheless, Banjarnegaraâ€™s history and its culture are precious. This study is a library research based on many sources talked about Banjarnegara. The result shows that the power ruling in Banjarnegara is hereditary, but then, it has to fight against the colonial politics and higher power caused this hereditary is useless. The dynamics of a power in Banjarnegara also takes a part in developing Islam as the Walisanga ancestry are prominent figures in the area. Along with the power of Mataram, the palace gave the status of a perdikan in Kademangan Gumelem, as storage of palaceâ€™s heirlooms and burial of Islamic leaders in Banjarnegara. At this moment, Gumelem is the center of nyadran gede held by local government, a good way to fuse previous legacies and present authorities. Gumelem also bequeaths traditional batik as one of palace legacies.
Kontroversi Nilai Keadilan Sahabat dalam Studi Hadis
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan 
Published: November 2021

The position of companions in â€˜ulum al-hadith mainly related to their justice value has brought out controversy. Rasulullah stated in his speech â€˜the best generation is mine and the nextâ€™. It legitimates the theology about companionsâ€™ position in religious frame. Minimally there are three different mainstreams Muâ€™tazilah (ideoligical group), Abi al-Sunnah majority (idealist group) Ahl-al Sunnah miniroty (realism group) in judjing the justice value of prophetâ€™s companions. The root of the problem Interpreting Al-Qurâ€™an and hadis as well as humanity and sacred value.
Argumen A Fortiori dan Argumen A Contrario dalam Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Marwadi Marwadi 
Published: November 2021

Understanding a law is not only to know explicitly but also to know implicitly. It can be used for finding out the â€˜law causeâ€™ or illat as the cause for analogizing the situation. In Islamic law the study of enlarging understanding is wider than positive law since there is a difference between analogical interpretation and a fortiori argument.
Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia
Authors: Nganro Andi Samsan 
Published: November 2021

The changing of â€˜UUâ€™ is intended to guarentee the law, to avoid the different law interpretation and to give protection to the economic and social right. The latets, â€˜UUâ€™ no. 20 th. 2001 which is known as the changing of UU no. 31 th. 1999 is about corruption demolishing.
Two Tier Mudarabah di Bank Syariah: Transformasi Fikih dalam Bisnis
Authors: Dahlan Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

Secara konseptual, two-tier mudarabah merupakan praktik fikih dalam bisnis lembaga bank yang menjadi dasar pengembangan model sistem keuangan ekonomi Islam modern. Dalam two-tier mudarabah, mekanisme profit and loss sharing terintegrasi antara mudarabah pada pendanaan dengan mudarabah pada pembiayaan. Bank syariah diposisikan sebagai lembaga intermediari laksana manager investasi, walaupun bank juga terlibat dalam investasi langsung didasarkan pada penyertaan modal bank. Dalam praktik, two-tier mudarabah kurang berjalan efektif pada pembiayaan yang sangat didominasi produk debt-financing. Hal tersebut menjadi kritik besar di kalangan pakar dan peminat bank syariah. Ironisnya, kritik tersebut menjadi hal yang kurang diperhatikan oleh praktisi bank syariah yang disebabkan karena banyak faktor. Epistemologi bank syariah lebih mendahulukan shareholder value daripada stackholder value, serta kultur sosial yang belum siap dengan produk mudarabah secara total.
Design and Simulation of Hybrid System for Electricity Generation in IRAQI Rural Regions
Authors: Qusay Abdul-Jabbar Jawad  , Mohammed Ridha Jawad  , Kareem Kadhum Gasem  
Published: November 2021

In this research the design and simulation of a hybrid wind-solar and diesel was studied and discussed to be used in the far areas of our country to help the people there in improving their life where electricity from the main grid has not reached yet. The proposed connecting configurations are compared to select the one with the best efficiency of power consumption to the consumers by considering each power sources independently. It is found that best efficiency of power consumption can be achieved with the Mixed-coupling HPSs, when compared with the other topologies and the selected topology is used for further investigation.
A Comprehensive Framework Planning for Reconstruction and Development of the Kurdistan Region Iraq
Authors: Othman Karim Mohammed  
Published: November 2021

The concept of the case study "comprehensive framework planning" is crucial to consider it encompasses a number of important issues relevant to rebuild and develop the Iraqi Kurdistan– especially the countryside- after miss-failure of the regional government to master the reconstruction and development problem, of which three major interconnected issues that of integration, coordination and sustainable development. It begins to produce connections of integrated governance, spatial integration, and sustainability to those of very local- and regional-based needs. Accordingly, it specifies the root causes the entire accumulated-chronically problems in both rural and urban areas and worked out the related solutions in form of a "frame work planning", within which the interconnected sphere, of Agriculture, industry, environment impacts, housing and related infrastructures integrated. Then the study assumes that most of the reasons that have led to miss-failure of the regional governments lie in the miss-definition the problem itself that results in the sporadic, disintegrated, disjointed manner of planning actions of institutions that involved directly or indirectly in rehabilitation and development affair of the region. In addition to this, the development problem is still seeing to be as if the provision of housing only.
ﺘﻘﯿﯿم إدارة اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ﻷﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام ﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ أﻓﻀﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻨظﺎم ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﻊ اﻟﺤل اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ )TOPSIS(
Authors: Naji Hafiz 
Published: November 2021

ﺘﻌد ﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺸﺎرﯿﻊ اﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت وأﺴﺎﻟﯿب إدارﺘﻬﺎ ﻤن اﻟﻤواﻀﯿﻊ اﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯿﺠب وﻀﻊ اﻟﺠﻬود ﻟﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺒﻬﺎ وٕاﻋطﺎﺌﻬﺎ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤطﻠوﺒﺔ، ﻤﻤﺎ ﯿﺘطﻠب اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟداﺌم ﻋن أﻓﻀل اﻷﺴﺎﻟﯿب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻋد ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﯿﯿم إدارة أﻋﻤﺎل ﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯿﻊ . وﯿﻌد اﺴﻠوب اﻓﻀﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻨظﺎم ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﻊ اﻟﺤل اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ اﺤد ﺘﻠك اﻷﺴﺎﻟﯿب. ﯿرﻛز ﻫذا اﻟﺒﺤث ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘدﯿم اﻓﻀﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻨظﺎم ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﻊ اﻟﺤل اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ )TOPSIS( ﻛﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻋد ﻋﻠﻰ اﺘﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘرار اﻻﻤﺜل ﻋﻨد اﻨﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺸروع اﻟذي ﺘﻌﺘرﻀﻪ ﻤﺸﺎﻛل ﻤﻌﻘدة وﻤﺘﻌدد اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯿﯿر)MCDM(. وﺘطﺒق ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ ﻤﺘﻨوﻋﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎت ﻛوﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻟدراﺴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ وﻏﯿر اﻟﻤﺘﺤﯿزة ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﯿﯿر واﻟﺒداﺌل. ﯿﻬدف ﻫذا اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟﻰ اﺒراز اﻫﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ، وﻛﯿف ﯿﻤﻛن ﺘوظﯿف اﺴس ﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ )TOPSIS( ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﯿﯿم ادارة ﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺸﺎرﯿﻊ اﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓظﺔ دﯿﺎﻟﻰ ﻤن ﺨﻼل ﺘﺤدﯿد اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯿﯿر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨدﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤدﯿد اﻟﻤﺸروع اﻷﻤﺜل ﻤن ﻨﺎﺤﯿﺔ ادارة اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ، وﻛذﻟك ﺘﺤدﯿد ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺸﺎرﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت ﻟﻛﻲ ﻨﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺸروع اﻻﻤﺜل ﻤن ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻨﺎﺤﯿﺔ وﻤن ﺜم اﻟوﺼول اﻟﻰ ادارة ﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺜﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓظﺔ.وﻟﻐرض ﺘﺤﻘﯿق ﻫدف اﻟﺒﺤث ، ﻓﻘد ﺘم ﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻨﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻤن اﻻدﺒﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺎوﻟت ﻤوﻀوﻋﻲ اﻓﻀﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻨظﺎم ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﻊ اﻟﺤل اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ وادارة اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ، واﺨﯿرا ﻤن اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼت اﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ ﻤن ذوي اﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎص ﻤن اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﯿن واﻟﻤﻨﻔذﯿن واﻟﻤﺸﻐﻠﯿن ﻟﻬذﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت. اظﻬرت ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺤﻠﯿل اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻨﺎت ﻻﻓراد اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ ان ﻤﻌﺎﯿﯿر اﻟﺘﺨطﯿط، اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿذ، اﻟﺘﻨظﯿم، اﻟﺴﯿطرة ﻫﻲ اﻛﺜر اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯿﯿر اﻫﻤﯿﺔ ﻻﺠراء اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻨﺎت اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺌﯿﺔ ﺒﯿن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت، وان ﻤﻌﯿﺎري اﻟﺘﺨطﯿط واﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿذ ﻫﻲ اﻛﺜر اﻫﻤﯿﺔ ﻤن ﺒﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯿﯿر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت. واﺨﯿرا ،وﻤن ﺨﻼل ﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺘﻘﺎرب اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ وﻤؤﺸر اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿف ﻟﺘرﺘﯿب اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت ﻨﺠد ان ﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﺒﻌﻘوﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻗد ﺤﺼﻠت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺼﯿب اﻻﻛﺒر ﻤن اﻻﻫﻤﯿﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﯿﺎت اﻷﺨرى واﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎج ادارة ﺼﯿﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻛﺒر ﻟﻠوﺼول ﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺒﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘرﻤﯿز ﻟﺘﺸﻤل اﻋﻤﺎل اﻻﺒﻨﯿﺔ واﻟﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﻌﺎ. وﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﯿﺔ ﺘم اﻟﺘوﺼل اﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ ﻤن اﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎت واﻟﺘوﺼﯿﺎت ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠف ﺠواﻨب اﻟﻤوﻀوع ﻤن ﺒﯿﻨﻬﺎ، اﻹﺴراع ﻓﻲ ﺘطﺒﯿق ﺘﻘﻨﯿﺎت اﺘﺨﺎذ اﻟﻘرار اﻟﻤﺘﻌدد اﻟﻤﻌﺎﯿﯿر ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﯿﯿم اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﯿﻊ إﻀﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻹﺴراع ﻓﻲ ﺘطﺒﯿق اﻟﻨظم اﻟﻤﻘﺘرﺤﺔ ﻤن ﻗﺒل اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﯿن ﻹدارة اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋدة اﻟﻤﻬﻨدﺴﯿن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘطﺒﯿق اﻻﻤﺜل ﻟﻬذﻩ اﻻدارة.
راسة عملية لكلال سبيكة الالمنيوم ( (6061 – T651 تحت التحميل الانحنائي المتناوب
Authors: ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس  
Published: November 2021

ﻘد ﺘﻤت دراﺴﺔ ظﺎﻫرة اﻟﻛﻼل ﻟﺴﺒﯿﻛﺔ اﻻﻟﻤﻨﯿوم ذات اﻟرﻤز )T٦٥١ – ٦٠٦١( وذﻟك ﺒﺘﺴﻠﯿط اﺠﻬﺎدات دورﯿـﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘـﺔ وﻤﺘﻐﯿرة )constant and variable cyclic stresses( ﻤـن ﻨـوع اﻻﻨﺤﻨـﺎء اﻟﺼـﺎﻓﻲ )pure bending( ﻓـﻲ درﺠـﺔ ﺤـرارة اﻟﻐرﻓـﺔ. وﻤـن ﺨـﻼل ﻗﯿـﺎس اطـوال اﻟﺸـﻘوق اﻟﺴـطﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﺼـﻐﯿرة )Short surface fatigue cracks( واﻟﺸـﻘوق اﻟﺴـطﺤﯿﺔ اﻟﻛﺒﯿـرة )long surface fatigue cracks( وﻛـذﻟك ﻋـدد اﻟـدورات )number of cycles( ﺘـم ﺒﻨـﺎء ﻨﻤـوذج )model( رﯿﺎﻀﻲ ﯿﺼف ﺤرﻛﺔ اﻟﺸﻘوق اﻟﺼﻐﯿرة واﻟﻛﺒﯿرة وأﺠرﯿت ﺘﺠـﺎرب ﻤﺨﺘﺒرﯿـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﻋﯿﻨـﺎت ﻤـن ﻨﻔـس اﻟﻤـﺎدة ﺘﺤـت أﺠﻬـﺎدات دورﯿـﺔ ﻤﺘﻐﯿــرة )variable stresses( ﻟﺘﻘرﯿـب اﻟﺤﺎﻟــﺔ اﻟــﻰ ﻤــﺎ ﻫــو ﻋﻠﯿــﻪ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﺤﯿـﺎة اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿــﺔ وﺘــم ﺘﺨﻤــﯿن ﻋﻤــر ﻫــذﻩ اﻟﻌﯿﻨــﺎت ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام اﻟﻨﻤوذج اﻟﻤﻘﺘرح وأﺜﺒت ﻛﻔﺎءة ﺠﯿدة ﻻﻨﻪ اﻋطﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ أﻗل ﻤن اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿـﺔ وﻫـذا ﯿﻌﻨـﻲ أن اﻟﻨﻤـوذج ﯿﻌطـﻲ ﺘﺨﻤـﯿن ﻤﺤﺎﻓظ اي ﯿﻌطﻲ ﺘﺤذﯿر ﻤﻬم ﺠداً وﺨﺎﺼﺔ ان اﻟﺴﺒﯿﻛﺔ أﻋﻼﻩ ﺘﺴﺘﺨدم ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ أﺠزاء اﻟطـﺎﺌرات اﻟﺤرﺒﯿـﺔ واﻟﻤدﻨﯿـﺔ ، ﯿوﻀـﺢ ﻫذا اﻟﺒﺤث أﻤﻛﺎﻨﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋن ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ وﯿﻠر او )S-N curve( .
استخدام مونة البيرلايت في تلييس المنشات والمباني السكنية
Authors: ليلي خسانفنا  , فاليري ليسفيك  , محمود حسني شكارنة  
Published: November 2021

إن ﻤن طﺒﯿﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ اﻟﺘرﻛﯿز ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل اﻟﺴﻛﻨﯿﺔ واﻟﻔﯿﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘوﻓر اﻟﺨﺼوﺼﯿﺔ واﻟراﺤﺔ واﻟرﻓﺎﻫﯿﺔ، ﻛﻤﺎ ان ارﺘﻔﺎع ﻋدد اﻓراد اﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ اﻟواﺤدة ﯿوﺠب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻛﺜﯿر ﻤن اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﻌﯿش ﻓﻲ ﺒﯿوت ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ او ﻓﯿﻼت، ﻟﻛن ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﺎزل واﻟﺒﯿوت وﻨﺤن ﻨﻌﯿش اﻟﻘرن اﻟواﺤد واﻟﻌﺸرون وﻫو ﻗرن اﻟﺘﻘدم اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ واﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﯿﺠب ان ﺘﻛون ﻤﺒﻨﯿﺔ ﻤن ﻤواد ﺘﻠﺒﻲ ﻤﺘطﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﺼر ﺒﺘﻀﻤﯿﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻛﺜﯿر ﻤن اﻟﻤواﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ وﻓﻲ ﻫذا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻨذﻛر ان ﻤن اﻫم ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤواﺼﻔﺎت ﻫﻲ اﻟﺨﻠطﺎت اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ. ﯿﻬدف اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟﻰ ﺒﯿﺎن اﻫم ﻤﯿزات اﻟﺨﻠطﺎت اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ )ﺨﻠطﺎت اﻟﺒﯿرﻻﯿت( اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨدم ﻓﻲ اﻟوﻗت اﻟﺤﺎﻀر ﺒﺸﻛل ﻛﺒﯿر ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﯿﯿس اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ واﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت، وﺘﺒﯿﯿن اﻫم اﻟﻤواﺼﻔﺎت واﻟﺸروط اﻟﺘﻲ ﯿﺠب ان ﺘﻠﺒﯿﻬﺎ ﻫذﻩ اﻟﺨﻠطﺎت ، وﻛذﻟك اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨدم ﻟزﯿﺎدة ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺘﻬﺎ. ﺘم اﻟﺘوﺼل ﻤن ﺨﻼل ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ان ﺤﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻠطﺎت ﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨدام اﻟﺒﯿرﻟﯿت ذات ﻤواﺼﻔﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ وﺘﻠﺒﻲ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺎس ﻤﺘطﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤواﺼﻔﺎت اﻻورﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤدد ﻤﻌﺎﻤل اﻟﺘوﺼﻲ اﻟﺤراري ﻟﻠﻨوع T١_ ٠ .١واط/ )م. ك(,
The Importance of Trust at the Level of Public International Law: A Contribution to Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Duszka-Jakimko Hanna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to point to trust as a value serving the coexistence of international community cooperation, as well as the elimination of global threats in public international law. The article presents selected approaches and typology of trust adopted in social sciences (with particular emphasis on the sociology of law as an auxiliary science of jurisprudence), their reference to the understanding and meaning of trust in public international law, as well as consequences in the form of shaping the quality and content of legislative solutions and practice of acting in the international arena.
As a result of the conducted analyses, trust in international law can be considered in three ways: first, as trust in the binding rule established by the subjects of international law; second, as a value expressed by the axiology of international law and principles of institutional significance; third, as a requirement of effective practice that exemplifies the theoretical and axiological assumptions of law.
Effects of Different Types of Feed on the Growth and Survival Rate of Betta splendens
Authors: NengTias Resti Ayu , Watiniasih Ni Luh , Dewi Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna 
Published: November 2021

Betta fish (Betta splendens) are freshwater ornamental fish that is very popular because it’s beautiful colors and unique behavior. This study aims to determine the growth measuring weight and length as well as the survival rate of betta fish seeds by providing different types of food that was conducted in door at Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. The study was experimentally designed with completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments A was fed with Tubifex sp., treatment B with artificial food (pellets), and treatment C was consisted of a combination of Tubifex sp., and artificial food. The test fish were 30 days old with a stocking density of 5/plastic bucket, where feeding was done ad-libitum. The study was conducted for 42 days. The parameters measured in this study were the growth in absolute weight and absolute length and its survival rate. Observations were analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further tests were carried out using the Duncan test. The results show that different feeding strategies had a significant effect on the growth of absolute weight and absolute length, and had no significant effect on the survival rate of betta fish. Water quality parameters measured include an average temperature was valued at 25.01oC-25.87oC, while the average pH was 8.42-8.47, and average dissolved oxygen (DO) was 4.13-4.17 mg/L.
Brain stem auditory evoked potential response in neonates after recovery from hyperbilirubinemia: A neurophysiological approach to screening neuronal hearing loss
Authors: Yadav Ram Lochan , Yadav Laxmi Kumari , Bhusal Pujan , Timilsina Sameer , Sapkota Niraj Khatri , Islam Md. Nazrul 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia leads to neurological damages including encephalopathy and hearing loss. This study aimed to screen and evaluate the hearing loss in neonates after recovery from hyperbilirubinemia using the Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) test.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Physiology Department at Chitwan Medical College, Nepal. It included 20 age and sex-matched neonates recently recovered from hyperbilirubinemia and 20 normal healthy controls. The external acoustic canals of subjects were checked for any blockage or collapse before BERA testing. The BERA recordings were performed after the neonate’s natural sleep following a standard lab protocol explained by Taylor’s Evoked Potential in Clinical Testing.

Results:
The BERA wave latencies were delayed with a higher number of case group neonates I (IL-75%, IR-80%), III (IIIL-70%, III R-80%), and V (VL-80%, VR-85%) than those of controls. The percentage of neonates with delayed interwave latencies was comparable between groups. The neonate’s hearing sensitivity assessed using the grades of hearing impairment by WHO revealed slight (threshold of hearing left ear [THL]-25% and threshold of hearing right ear [THR]-30%) and moderate (THL-40% and THR-35%) grades among cases whereas no impairment (THL-60% and THR-55%) in controls. The hearing thresholds were more in cases.

Conclusion:
The auditory pathway is highly sensitive to elevated serum bilirubin. BERA detects even a minute degree of hearing damage seen after complete treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, BERA is a helpful tool in the early screening of hearing impairment in neonates. This improves prognosis by early management so that the neurosensory systems develop to their full extent and one can enjoy a normal social life.
FEATURES TECHNOLOGY OF GLUTEN-FREE BAKERY PRODUCTS
Authors: ВЕРШИНИНА О.Л. , ГОНЧАР В.В. , РОСЛЯКОВ Ю.Ф. , ЕРЕМИНА А.Е. , СИМОНЯН Э.А. 
Published: November 2021

Исследована возможность использования полуобезжиренной льняной муки (ПЛМ) для улучшения качества и повышения пищевой ценности безглютеновых хлебобулочных изделий. В процессе исследования выпекали хлеб из рисовой муки с добавлением 4, 6, 9 и 11% ПЛМ. Контролем служил хлеб без добавления льняной муки. После выпечки определяли физико-химические показатели качества образцов рисового хлеба с ПЛМ. Установлено, что с увеличением содержания ПЛМ влажность в образцах хлеба снизилась на 0,4–5,7%; кислотность мякиша увеличилась на 57–185,7%. Удельный объем и пористость опытных образцов хлеба с добавлением ПЛМ в количествах 4 и 6% увеличились по сравнению с контролем на 9,1–13,6% и 3,21–8,1% соответственно, однако при увеличении дозировки льняной муки свыше 6% эти показатели снизились на 4,5–14,1% и 1,6–6,5% соответственно. Количество клетчатки при добавлении 6% ПЛМ увеличилось до 1,8%; белка – до 2,9%. Энергетическая ценность хлеба из смеси рисовой муки и ПЛМ осталась на уровне энергетической ценности хлеба из рисовой муки. Рекомендовано применение ПЛМ при производстве безглютенового хлеба из рисовой муки. Определена дозировка ПЛМ – 6% в смеси с рисовой мукой.
The possibility of using semi-fat-free linen flour (SFF LF) to improve the quality and nutritional value of gluten-free bakery products has been studied. During the study, bread was baked from rice flour with the addition of 4, 6, 9 and 11% SFF LF. The control served the bread without adding linen flour. After baking, the physicochemical parameters of the quality of rice bread samples with SFF LF were determined. It is established that with increase in the content of SFF LF moisture content in samples of bread was down 0,4 to 5,7%; the acidity of the crumb increased by 57–185,7%. The specific volume and porosity of bread samples with the addition of SFF LF in quantities of 4 and 6% increased compared to the control by 9,1–13,6% and 3,21–8,1%, respectively, but with an increase in the dosage of linen flour over 6%, these indicators decreased by 4,5–14,1% and 1,6–6,5%, respectively. The amount of fibre with the addition of 6% of SFF LF increased to 1,8%; protein – to 2,9%. The energy value of bread from a mixture of rice flour and SFF LF remained at the level of energy value of bread from rice flour. The use of SFF LF in the production of gluten-free bread from rice flour is recommended. The dosage of SFF LF – 6% in a mixture with rice flour was determined.