bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of E-cadherin expression in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chao Dong , Hu Gawei , Li Qingxin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule, as an important mediator of adhesion and signaling pathway, plays a key role in maintaining tissue integrity. However, the association of E-cadherin expression with clinicopathological features and prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to explore the clinicopathological features and prognostic value of E-cadherin expression in non-small cell lung cancer by meta-analysis.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched to collect the studies about expression of E-cadherin and clinicopathological features and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. The last search time was May 2020. Stata 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
A total of 35 studies were included, of which the results showed that high expression of E-cadherin compared with its low expression, for overall survival, HR = 0.68 (95% CI:0.64–0.73, P < .05); for disease-free survival or progression-free survival, HR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44–0.67); low differentiation of lung cancer compared with moderate and high differentiation, OR = 0.40 (95% CI: 0.27–0.58, P < .05); Advanced lung cancer compared with early stage, OR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.44–0.66, P < .05); lymph node metastasis compared with non-lymph node metastasis, OR = 0.49 (95% CI: 0.31∼0.77).

Conclusion:
Low expression of E-cadherin is closely related to poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC, promoting tumor staging and lymph node metastasis, inhibiting tumor differentiation as well.
Surgical indications for operative management of vesicoureteral reflux in children
Authors: Coco Caitlin , Jacobs Micah 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) management has been steadily evolving over the last several years. There is not a definitive algorithm for operative intervention, but there are some recognized patterns to follow when caring for this patient base. It is extremely relevant to review the rationale behind practice patterns as both literature and clinical practice are dynamic.

Recent findings
VUR is a common malady that is emotionally, physically, and financially draining for families. As new treatment options emerge with minimally invasive techniques and older methods are re-explored, it is imperative to re-evaluate care strategies. This article reviews the mainstays of treatment in addition to newer therapeutic modalities.

Summary
The decision to operate on any patient, particularly pediatric patients, must be preceded by sound clinical judgment. Thoughtful planning must be utilized to ensure every patient receives individualized and up-to-date VUR management. This article reviews indications for surgical intervention to consider when managing these patients.
The current status of virus-positive liver transplantation
Authors: Delman Aaron M. , Ammann Allison M. , Shah Shimul A. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
The last 2 years have seen significant developments in virus-positive liver transplantation. This review provides an updated account of the transplantation of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV-positive livers, with a specific focus on studies published in the last 18 months.

Recent findings
The advent of highly efficacious direct acting antiviral agents, nucleos(t)ide analogues and a continued organ shortage have led to the well tolerated utilization of HCV, HBV and HIV-positive organs. There has been a significant increase in the transplantation of HCV seropositive and NAT+ organs into HCV-negative recipients, without compromising patient or graft survival. Early reports of HBV core antibody (HBVcAb), HBV surface antigen (HBVsAg) positive and NAT+ donors are growing in the USA with promising results. Similarly, small studies have described the use of HIV-positive to HIV-positive liver transplantation without concerns for superinfection.

Summary
HCV, HBV and HIV-positive liver transplantations can be accomplished safely and are associated with equivalent outcomes when paired with appropriate recipients. The practice of virus positive liver transplantation should be encouraged to combat the ongoing organ shortage.
Association of Gestational Age at Birth With Brain Morphometry
Authors: El Marroun Hanan , Zou Runyu , Leeuwenburg Michelle F. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Muetzel Ryan L. , Kushner Steven A. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: February 2021

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2020;e202991)
Gestational age (GA) at birth is an important factor in child health and neurodevelopment. Yet, few studies have evaluated the associations between GA and brain morphometry.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Bulb Aspirator With a Nasal-Oral Aspirator in the Treatment of Bronchiolitis
Authors: Schwarz Whitney Wroe , Wilkinson Matthew , Allen Addison 
Published: February 2021

Objective
This study aimed to compare the traditional bulb aspirator with a nasal-oral aspirator in the treatment of bronchiolitis.

Methods
This was a single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Patients with bronchiolitis discharged from the emergency department were randomized to receive a bulb or nasal-oral aspirator for home use.
Data regarding return visits, hydration, respiratory relief, parental satisfaction, device preference, and adverse events were gathered using a predistribution questionnaire, diary, poststudy questionnaire, and chart review.

Results
There was not a statistically significant difference in the rate of unscheduled return visits (bulb vs nasal-oral, 28.2% vs 20.7%; P = 0.26). No difference was seen in hydration or respiratory relief in either the diary or poststudy questionnaire. The nasal-oral aspirator had higher satisfaction rates (bulb vs nasal-oral, 68.8% vs 93.9%; P < 0.01). When asked which device was preferred with regard to all devices ever tried, 57.2% of respondents reported the nasal-oral aspirator. More adverse events were seen with the bulb compared with the nasal-oral aspirator (bulb vs nasal-oral, 50.0% vs 17.5%; P < 0.01).

Conclusions
No difference was appreciated between the bulb and nasal-oral aspirators in unscheduled return rates. The nasal-oral aspirator demonstrated higher parental satisfaction and preference rates, and fewer adverse effects compared with the bulb aspirator. Medical providers should have a cost-benefit discussion with caregivers when recommending home aspirators for the treatment of bronchiolitis.
Registry ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03288857. Comparison of the Bulb Aspirator With a Nasal-Oral Aspirator in the Treatment of Bronchiolitis.
HIV viral load and pregnancy loss: results from a population-based cohort study in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Moodley Yoshan , Tomita Andrew , de Oliveira Tulio , Tanser Frank 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
With ever-expanding antiretroviral therapy (ART) access among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, it is more than ever important to address the gap in knowledge around ART effectiveness, as measured by HIV viral load, and pregnancy loss.

Design:
A population-based cohort study.

Methods:
The study sample consisted of 3431 pregnancies from 2835 women living with HIV aged 16–35 years old. All women participated in a population-based cohort conducted between 2004 and 2018 in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Viral load data were collected at prior surveys and an HIV care registry. The closest available viral load to the date that each pregnancy ended was used and classified as either a pre- or postconception viral load. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between high viral load (log10 viral load >4.0 copies/ml) and pregnancy loss, defined as either a miscarriage or stillbirth.

Results:
Pregnancy loss occurred at a rate of 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.0–1.8) per 100 pregnancies. There were 1451 pregnancies (42.3%) with postconception viral load measurements. The median time between the viral load measurement and the pregnancy end date was 11.7 (interquartile range: 5.0–25.4) months. We found a higher likelihood of pregnancy loss in women who had high viral loads prior to the outcome of their pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio: 2.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–5.18).

Conclusion:
Given the significant relationship between high viral load and pregnancy loss, our study lends further credence to ensuring effective ART through enrolment and retention of pregnant women living with HIV in ART programs, treatment adherence interventions, and viral load monitoring during pregnancy.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial of colchicine to improve vascular health in people living with HIV
Authors: Hays Allison G. , Schär Michael , Barditch-Crovo Patricia , Bagchi Shashwatee , Bonanno Gabriele , Meyer Joseph , Afework Yohannes , Streeb Valerie , Stradley Samuel , Kelly Shannon , Anders Nicole M. , Margolick Joseph B. , Lai Shenghan , Gerstenblith Gary , Weiss Robert G. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
People living with HIV (PWH) experience an increased burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) believed to be related, in part, to an interplay of chronically increased inflammation and traditional risk factors. Recent trials suggest cardiovascular benefits of the anti-inflammatory, colchicine, in HIV-seronegative CAD patients. However, the impact of colchicine on impaired vascular health, as measured by coronary endothelial function (CEF), an independent contributor to CAD, has not been studied in PWH. We tested the hypothesis that colchicine improves vascular health in PWH.

Design:
This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial in 81 PWH to test whether low-dose colchicine (0.6 mg daily) improves CEF over 8–24 weeks.

Methods:
Coronary and systemic endothelial function and serum inflammatory markers were measured at baseline, and at 8 and 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was CEF, measured as the change in coronary blood flow from rest to that during an isometric handgrip exercise, an endothelial-dependent stressor, measured with non-invasive MRI at 8 weeks.

Results:
Colchicine was well tolerated and not associated with increased adverse events. However, there were no significant improvements in coronary or systemic endothelial function or reductions in serum inflammatory markers at 8 or 24 weeks with colchicine as compared to placebo.

Conclusions:
In PWH with no history of CAD, low-dose colchicine was well tolerated but did not improve impaired coronary endothelial function, a predictor of cardiovascular events. These findings suggest that this anti-inflammatory approach using colchicine in PWH does not improve vascular health, the central, early driver of coronary atherosclerosis.
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Dhanani Naila H. , Olavarria Oscar A. , Holihan Julie L. , Shah Shinil K. , Wilson Todd D. , Loor Michele M. , Ko Tien C. , Kao Lillian S. , Liang Mike K. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) at 1-year postoperative.

Summary of Background Data:
Despite a relative lack of research at low risk for bias assessing robotic ventral hernia repair (RVHR), the growth of RVHR has been rapid. We previously reported short-term results of the first randomized control trial comparing RVHR versus LVHR; there was no clear difference in clinical outcomes but increased operative time and cost with robotic repair.

Methods:
Patients from a multicenter, blinded randomized control trial comparing RVHR versus LVHR were followed at 1 year. Outcomes included wound complication (surgical site infection, surgical site occurrence, wound dehiscence), hernia occurrence including recurrence and port site hernia, readmission, reoperation, and patient-reported outcomes (functional status, pain, and satisfaction with repair and cosmesis).

Results:
A total of 124 patients were randomized and 113 patients (91%; 60 robot, 53 laparoscopic) completed 1-year follow-up. Baseline demographics were similar in both groups. No differences were seen in wound complication (15% vs 15%; P = 0.899), hernia recurrence (7% vs 9%; P = 0.576), or readmission (2% vs 6%; P = 0.251). No patients underwent reoperation in the robotic arm, whereas 5 (9%) did in the laparoscopic arm (P = 0.020). No differences were seen in patient-reported outcomes. Both arms reported clinically significant improvements in functional status, low pain scores, and high satisfaction scores at 1-year post repair.

Conclusion:
This study confirms that robotic ventral hernia repair is safe when compared to laparoscopy. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Patterns and Trends of Gun Violence Against Women in the United States
Authors: Olufajo Olubode A. , Williams Mallory , Ahuja Geeta , Okereke Ngozichinyere K. , Zeineddin Ahmad , Hughes Kakra , Cooper Zara , Cornwell Edward E. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To examine patterns and trends of firearm injuries in a nationally representative sample of US women.

Summary of Background Data:
Gun violence in the United States exceeds rates seen in most other industrialized countries. Due to the paucity of data little is known regarding demographics and temporal variations in firearm injuries among women.

Methods:
Data were extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (2001–2017) for women 18 years and older. Number of nonfatal firearm assaults and homicide per year were extracted and crude population-based injury rates were calculated. Sub-stratification by age-group and time period were performed.

Results:
Between 2001 and 2017, there were 88,823 nonfatal firearm assaults involving women and 29,106 firearm homicides. There were 4116 victims of nonfatal firearm assault in 2001 (3.8 per 105) and 12,959 by 2017 (10.0 per 105). Homicide rates were 1.5 per 105 in 2001 and 1.7 per 105 in 2017. Sub-stratification by age-group and time period showed that there were no significant changes in nonfatal firearm assault rates between 2001 and 2010 (P-trend = 0.132 in 18–44 yo; 0.298 in 45–64 yo). However between 2011 and 2017, nonfatal assault rates increased from 7.10 per 105 to 19.24 per 105 in 18–44 yo (P-trend = 0.013) and from 1.48 per 105 to 3.93 per 105 in 45–64 yo (P-trend = 0.003). Similar trends were seen with firearm homicide among 18–44 yo (1.91 per 105 to 2.47 per 105 in 2011–2017, P-trend = 0.022). However, the trends among 45–64 yo were not significant in both time periods.

Conclusions:
Female victims of gun violence are increasing and more recent years have been marked with higher rates of firearm injuries, particularly among younger women. These data suggest that improved public health strategies and policies may be beneficial in reducing gun violence against US women.
What is ‘Alzheimer's disease’? The neuropathological heterogeneity of clinically defined Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Mehta Rupal I. , Schneider Julie A. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose of review
Beta-amyloid with paired helical filaments (PHF)-tau neurofibrillary tangles define hallmark Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (AD-NC). Yet persons with Alzheimer's dementia, defined broadly as an amnestic multidomain progressive dementia, often exhibit postmortem evidence of other neuropathologies including other neurodegenerative (Lewy body disease and transactive response DNA-binding protein disease) and vascular-related brain lesions. Clinicopathologic and epidemiologic analyses demonstrate the significance of these substrates, as coinciding neuropathologies mitigate the threshold for diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia. In addition, other biologic processes may also independently underlie a progressive amnestic dementia. Advances in research on the relationship between age-related cognitive decline and the underlying neuropathologic substrates indicate that consensus neuropathologic criteria or disease nomenclature may need new considerations or refinement. This review appraises seminal literature as well as mixed pathologies and biological factors that may be determinants of clinical and pathologic disease.

Recent findings
Cognition in aging (spanning from normal cognition to dementia) represents a clinical continuum. Traditional neuropathologic substrates of dementia however do not explain the variability of cognitive decline. Conversely, not all patients with AD-NC exhibit symptomatology of Alzheimer's dementia. In addition to diagnostic plaques and tangles, other neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and perivascular substrates manifest through discrete tissue lesions. Factors related to energetics, neurogenetics, neuroimmunology, resilience, proteinopathies, and waste clearance are increasingly suggested to be general drivers of disease. Recognition of novel neuroimmune pathways and brain–body connections further suggest there may be broader extracranial determinants of person-specific disease.

Summary
Alzheimer's dementia is a pathologically heterogeneous and biologically multilayered disease. Recent studies and exercises in nomenclature reveal shortcomings in existing terminologies. Recognizing and overcoming these limitations is required for experts to effectively communicate about and ultimately prevent and treat Alzheimer's dementia.
CINS: Cell Interaction Network inference from Single cell expression data
Authors: Yuan Ye , Cosme Carlos , Adams Taylor Sterling , Schupp Jonas , Sakamoto Koji , Xylourgidis Nikos , Ruffalo Matthew , Kaminski Naftali , Bar-Joseph Ziv 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStudies comparing single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data between conditions mainly focus on differences in the proportion of cell types or on differentially expressed genes. In many cases these differences are driven by changes in cell interactions which are challenging to infer without spatial information. To determine cell-cell interactions that differ between conditions we developed the Cell Interaction Network Inference (CINS) pipeline. CINS combines Bayesian network analysis with regression-based modeling to identify differential cell type interactions and the proteins that underlie them. We tested CINS on a disease case control and on an aging human dataset. In both cases CINS correctly identifies cell type interactions and the ligands involved in these interactions. We performed additional mouse aging scRNA-Seq experiments which further support the interactions identified by CINS.
Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence using multiple serology platforms
Authors: Carreño Juan Manuel , Mendu Damodara Rao , Simon Viviana , Shariff Masood A , Singh Gagandeep , Menon Vidya , Krammer Florian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSerological tests are important tools helping to determine previous infection with severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to monitor immune responses. The current tests are based on spike (S), the receptor binding domain (RBD), or the nucleoprotein (NP) as substrate. Here, we used samples from a high seroprevalence cohort of health care workers (HCWs) to perform a longitudinal analysis of the antibody responses using three distinct serological assays. 501 serum samples were tested using: a) a research-grade RBD and spike based tandem enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MS–RBD ELISA, MS-spike ELISA), b) a commercial RBD and spike based tandem ELISA (Kantaro-RBD, -spike), and c) a commercial NP-based chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA, Abbott Architect). Seroprevalence ranged around 28% during the early stage of the pandemic (a: 28.4% positives; b: 28.1%; c: 27.3%). Good correlation was observed between the MS and Kantaro RBD ELISAs and between the MS and Kantaro spike ELISAs. By contrast, modest correlations were observed between the Abbott Architect and both RBD and spike-based assays. A proportion of HCWs (n=178) were sampled again 3-5 months after the first time point. Although antibody levels declined in most of the positive individuals, the overall seroprevalence measured by RBD-spike based assays remained unchanged. However the seroprevalence of NP-reactive antibodies significantly declined. Lastly, we tested six samples of individuals who received two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and found that seroconversion was detected by the RBD-spike assays but – of course as expected - not the NP based assay. In summary, our results consolidate the strength of different serological assays to assess the magnitude and duration of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
A simple and robust method for automating analysis of naïve and regenerating peripheral nerves
Authors: Wong Alison L. , Hricz Nicholas , Malapati Harsha , von Guionneau Nicholas , Wong Michael , Harris Thomas , Boudreau Mathieu , Cohen-Adad Julien , Tuffaha Sami 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundManual axon histomorphometry (AH) is time- and resource-intensive, which has inspired many attempts at automation. However, there has been little investigation on implementation of automated programs for widespread use. Ideally such a program should be able to perform AH across imaging modalities and nerve states. AxonDeepSeg (ADS) is an open source deep learning program that has previously been validated in electron microscopy. We evaluated the robustness of ADS for peripheral nerve axonal histomorphometry in light micrographs prepared using two different methods.MethodsAxon histomorphometry using ADS and manual analysis (gold-standard) was performed on light micrographs of naïve or regenerating rat median nerve cross-sections prepared with either toluidine-resin or osmium-paraffin embedding protocols. The parameters of interest included axon count, axon diameter, myelin thickness, and g-ratio.ResultsManual and automatic ADS axon counts demonstrated good agreement in naïve nerves and moderate agreement on regenerating nerves. There were small but consistent differences in measured axon diameter, myelin thickness and g-ratio; however, absolute differences were small. Both methods appropriately identified differences between naïve and regenerating nerves. ADS was faster than manual axon analysis.ConclusionsWithout any algorithm retraining, ADS was able to appropriately identify critical differences between naïve and regenerating nerves and work with different sample preparation methods of peripheral nerve light micrographs. While there were differences between absolute values between manual and ADS, ADS performed consistently and required much less time. ADS is an accessible and robust tool for AH that can provide consistent analysis across protocols and nerve states.