bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of serotonin levels in patients of vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Hammad Raziq  , Humaira Fayyaz  , Rabia Azhar  , Azmat Hayyat  , Sobia Waqas  
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To determine the level of serotonin in patients of vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome after head-up tilt test.
Method: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Islamic International Medical College and the Department of Electrophysiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, from April 2017 to March 2018. Group A comprised cases of vasovagal syncope, group B had patients of postural tachycardia syndrome, and group C had healthy controls. Cases were chosen on the basis of history, episodes of syncope and findings of head-up tilt test. After the test, blood samples were taken for hormonal analysis of serotonin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 80 subjects, 35(43.8%) were in group A, 35(43.8%) in group B and 10(12.4%) in group C. Mean serotonin value in group A was 918.39±380.16nM, in group B it was 1188.70±449.55nM., while in control group C the mean value was 771.40±376.14nM (p<0.05)
Conclusion: Serotonin was found to have a significant role in syncope pathophysiology.
Continuous...
Regeneration Status and Soil Nutrient Content in Burned Blue Pine Forest in Thimphu, Western Bhutan
Authors: Namgay Shacha  , Yonten Dorji  , Nepal Arjun , Sangay Choden  , Tez Bdr Ghally  , Karma Chorten Dendup  
Published: April 2021

A forest fire and human disturbances are a major threat to regeneration and forest health. This study was conducted in western Bhutan in Thimphu, above Depsi. The Objective of the research was to assess diversity, species richness, regeneration, and soil nutrients content (N, P& K) along the altitudinal gradient after a forest fire. A total of 30 standard plots of size 20x20 m plots were established in the burned blue pine forest systematically, along the altitudinal gradient. Systematic random sampling was adopted. Sampling was carried out at three different altitudinal zones that is; lower (2500-2700 masl), middle (2701-2900 masl), and higher (2901-3100 masl) altitude. A total of 1703 individual plants belonging to 21 families were recorded from the study area. The diversity, regeneration, and soil nutrient increased till mid-altitude and decreased with further increase in altitude, making a unimodal, hump shape pattern. The regeneration, soil nutrient, and diversity were higher in the gentle slope and the slope facing southeast due to the longer duration of sunlight exposition. The regeneration and diversity of vegetation showed a positive correlation with aspect, carbon, phosphorous, and nitrogen (p<.05). The diversity and regeneration after a fire was affected by environmental factors, especially soil nutrients, aspect, and slope. The study forms the baseline data for the forest manager to sustainably restore the forest after a fire. Species resistant to fire can be chosen for forest restoration. It can also be incorporated in management plans for sustainable management and conservation of mountain blue pine forests.
Rapid Screening of Cultural Parameters for Extracellular Halophilic Glutaminase Production from Tetragenococcus Muriaticus FF5302 using the Plackett-Burman’s Experimental Design
Authors: DUERAMAE Sawitree , VARICHANAN Patthinan , ENOMOTO Toshiki 
Published: April 2021

The Plackett-Burman’s experiemental design was used to efficiently select the key cultural parameters for the production of halophilic glutaminase by moderating halophilic bacterium Tetragenococcus muriaticus FF5302. Eleven variables were selected, which involved glutamine, peptone, yeast extract, glucose, fructose, KCl, MgSO4, NaCl, temperature, pH, and inoculum size, to identify the most significant variables affecting halophilic glutaminase production in 12 experimental trials. The results of the statistical analyses demonstrated that glutamine, pH, and temperature had significant effects on halophilic glutaminase production. The maximum halophilic glutaminase activity of 199.27 U mL-1 was observed after 120 h of fermentation. After Plackett-Burman’s design experiments, the glutaminase activity was found to be 2.28 folds increase compared to basal conditions. Thus, the cultivation of T. muriaticus FF5302 under the optimal condition could enhance the production of halophilic glutaminase enzyme effectively.
The influence of outside foreign language and culture exposure in EFL classroom collaborative writing tasks
Authors: Manegre Marni 
Published: April 2021

<p>This study examines whether foreign language acquisition can be acquired through sharing information when students participate in knowledge building forums using English as the lingua franca. It also explores whether the students with higher levels of linguistic knowledge and cultural awareness relating to the foreign language share this information with their peers throughout the writing process. The study was conducted in two Spanish classrooms, where the participants were bilingual in both Catalan and Spanish. A pre-questionnaire was used to determine the level of exposure to the English language and English culture outside of the classroom. The students were scored on their responses and then divided into three groups: low-, medium-, and high-level exposure to the English language and culture. A one-way ANOVA was used to determine whether exposure to the English language and culture outside of the classroom would influence pre-test scores, and there is an interaction effect between language and cultural exposure and the pre-test scores (F = 5.17). Upon the conclusion of the collaborative writing task, a one-way ANOVA was used to determine whether there was an interaction effect between language and cultural exposure and the post-test scores (F = 4.47). The student scores increased at the same rate across the groups. In collaborative writing and knowledge building tasks, students learn about the content from their peers, and the information disperses throughout the group where there is a shared understanding of the content upon completion. However, the linguistic and cultural knowledge the students have prior to participating in these tasks do not get dispersed in the same manner, rather, all groups show an improvement in their foreign language skills, but the knowledge of the foreign language does not equalize across the groups.</p>
Estimation of Apolipoprotein A1, Haptoglobin and Alpha 2macroglobulin with some Biochemical Metabolic Markers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Iraqi Patients
Authors: Hassan Hiba Abid Al-hussein , Dawood Dawood Salman , Hussein Raghad Jawad 
Published: April 2021

"non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" starts with hepatic lipid accumulation and is a dangerous factor for disease development.
Thus, we aimed to determine the serum levels of haptoglobin,alpha2 macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A1, gamma-glutamyl transferase, hemoglobin A1c, Total bilirubin, Triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, urea, and creatinine among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy individuals. This study was carried out on 60 patients with NAFLD and 30 healthy subjects who were attending the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital/Baghdad from August /2019 to March /2020. Patients data included age, sex, BMI, and abdominal ultrasound with other medical information. Serum samples were collected and then some biochemical tests were done by an Autoanalyzer, while serum apolipoprotein A1, haptoglobin, and Alpha 2maacroglobulin were measured by ELISA technique.
The study found that obesity (70%) and dyslipidemia (50%) are more common in NAFLD patients than another metabolic disease such as hypertension (20%) and diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2) (3% and 30%) respectively. Also, the results showed a significant difference among the age group (p=0.006). NAFLD subjects had a highly significant elevation (p=0.000) in the mean ± SD of BMI, FBS, HbA1c, AST, ALP, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, and Alpha 2 macroglobulin compared with the healthy control. Serum ALT and total bilirubin (mean ± SD) were significantly elevated (p=0.001) in NAFLD subjects (54.28±23.05IU/L and 14.47±9.65 µmole/l respectively) when compared with the mean± SD of healthy control. In addition, the results revealed a significant elevation (P=0.027) in the mean ± SD of serum albumin in NAFLD patients when compared with mean ± SD of healthy control and a significant elevation (P=0.002)in the mean ± SD of the LDL of the NAFLD patients as compared to the healthy control. However, the results showed a highly significant decrease (P=0.000) in the mean ± SD of serum HDL, Apolipoprotein, and haptoglobin. Furthermore, the present study observed that the optimal cut-off value was ≤67.13ng/ml for haptoglobin with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 93.33% respectively. In addition, the results revealed that the optimal cut-off value was >257ng/ml for Alpha 2Macroglobulin with a sensitivity and specificity of 73.33% and 86.67% respectively. The study found an optimal cut-off value of ≤86 ng/ml for Apolipoprotein A1 with a sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 90% respectively.
Influence of Silver-Zinc Zeolite Incorporation on Shear Bond Strength of Silicon Cold Cure Soft Liner
Authors: Sadeq Huda Alaa Aldeen , Hummudi Israa Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

Back ground: Reduction of a durable bond to acrylic denture base is the main problem associated with soft liner materials.
Purpose: Evaluation of the influence of addition of Ag-Zn Zeolite on shear bond strength of silicon cold cure soft liner.
Approach: thirty specimens of silicon cold cure soft liner were constructed for shear bond- strength test and divided into three groups: Control groups: 10 specimens without incorporation of Ag-Zn Zeolite, Experimental group: 10 specimens with 0.5% by weight of Ag-Zn Zeolite Experimental Group: 10 specimens with 0.75 %by weight of Ag-Zn Zeolite Plastic pattern of acrylic block with dimensions (75 mm length x 25mm width x 5mm depth )was fabricated and evaluated by Instron testing machine.
Results: Least significant difference of (0.75%) of Ag-Zn zeolite group was significantly different compared with the experimental group of (0.5% and control group) at p<0.05.
Conclusion: The incorporation of 0.5%, 0.75% by weight into silicon cold cure soft liner had significant effect and causes improvement in shear bond strength.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI SUSUN LOR DESA RAMBI GUNDAM KECAMATAN RAMBI PUJI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Suryaningtyas Eka 
Published: April 2021

Lingkungan adalah kombinasi antra kondisi fisik yang mencakup keadaan sumber daya alam seperti tanah, air, energi surya, minerl serta flora dan fauna yang tumbuh di Atas tanah maupun lautan, dengan kelembapan yang meliputi ciptaan manusia di sebabkan oleh: (1) faktor demografi, (2) faktor biologis (3) faktor polusi (4) faktor timbulnya penyakit. Pada penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan mengetahui hubungan faktor Lingkungan dengan kejadian ISPA di dusun Lor desa Rambigundam .Penelitian ini merupakan desain korelasi, untuk menentukan sampel, menggunakan sampel random sejumlah 31 responden, alat pngukuran data mengunakan lembar observasi yang di lakukan pada tanggal 10 April Di dusun Kerajan Lor desa Rambigundam kecamatan Rambipuji Jember.
Pengolahan data meliputi: editing, coding, entry, scoring, trublating, kemudian data di analisa mengunakan wilcoxson. Hasil dari pengolahan data di peroleh sebagian besar responden mempunyai lingkungan yg cukup baik sebanyak 21 responden (68%), dari Data riwayat ISPA sebagian besar responden pernah mengalami ISPA sebanyak 22 Responden (71%), maka di peroleh hasil p value: 0,000 a=o,o5 sehinga di simpulkan H1 di terima, artinya adalah hubungan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian ISPA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di harapkan respon dapat menjaga kebersihan lingkungan, dengan cara menjaga kebersihan lingkungan maka responder akan terhindar Dari penularan ISPA.
Pengalaman Psikologis Ketidakberdayaan Post COVID-19 di Jember (Studi Kasus)
Authors: Azari Abdul Aziz 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Helplessness is a condition in which the individual feels unable to endure all painful and uncomfortable things that support himself. In people with post-Covid-19, the helplessness they experience tends to be the signs and symptoms they experience when suffering from Covid-19. This study aims to describe the helplessness of Covid-19 patients as long as they are attacked by Covid-19. Methods: This study used a qualitative research design with a case study approach. Participants in the study were 1 person with purposive sampling data collection technique. Data analysis using Colaizzi technique. Results: Based on the research conducted, there were several manifestations of helplessness presented by Covid-19 sufferers, emotional, motivational and behavioral symptoms; where it all decreases and affects a person's depression. Discussion: The experience of suffering from Covid-19 provides traumatic experiences for sufferers, one of which is helplessness during the Covid-19 treatment period, and this results in changes in the emotional, cognitive, and behavior of someone who has suffered from Covid-19.
Keywords: helplessness, Covid-19, psychological, depression.
Study of Nidanpanchak , Ayurvedic Management and Pathya – Apathya of Kushtha (Skin Diseases )
Authors: Shashikant Shashikant  Laturkar 
Published: April 2021

Skin is outermost covering of the body. Its function as antimicrobial and chemical barrier, and protects body from a number of external hazards. In Ayurveda, skin diseases are described in various texts. Cause of the skin disease is vitiation of tridosha and dhatus in ayurvedic text. Total 166 skin diseases are described in brahttrie. Out of 166 skin diseases, 22 are vata prominent, 24 are pitta prominent, 21 are kapha prominent, 18 are raktaja, 10 are vata pitta prominent,10 are pitta kapha prominent, 17 are vata kapha prominent, 14 are tridoshaja, 13 are agantuj (external causes), and other 17 skin diseases. Although most of skin diseases are described under the kushtha and kshudraroga but description of some other skin diseases is also described under headings of bahaya visarpa, vidradhi, shotha, nanatmaja vyadhi, shukaroga, granthi arbuda, upadansh and shilipada. Allergic conditions which are not included in any of these are described as udarda- kotha-uattkotha.
A “A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ASITAKADI CHURNA AND ALAMBUSADI CHUNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA”
Authors: KANDIKATTIWAR Dr.PRIYANKA 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: - INTRODUCTION: - Amavata is one of the challenging diseases for the physicians due to its chronic nature, difficulty, complications. Amavata is the prime disease which makes the person unfit for an independent life. In this study, Asitakadi Churna and Alambusadi chuna are considered, as both the drugs possess Vata-Kaphahara and Amapachak properties. Here an attempt is made to compare the efficacy of Asitakadi Churna and Alambusadi chuna in Amavata with the title “A Comparative study of Asitakadi Churna and Alambusadi chuna in the management of Amavata” AIM & OBJECTIVE: - To compare effect of Alabushadi churna and Asitakadi churna in Amavata. MATERIALS AND METHODS - The patients were selected from the OPD and IPD of concern institution. 60 patients of Amavata were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 30 patients each, and subjected to clinical trial. Group- A patients were treated with Asitakadi Churna and Group-B patients were treated with Alambusadi chuna. The signs and symptoms were recorded on the preformed designed for the study and assessment was done on subjective and objective criteria and results were analyzed statistically. RESULT – In the present study, it is concluded that both Group A and Group B showed significance in decreasing shool, Shoth, gourava, and jadya. Asitakadi Churna is equally effective as Alambusadi chuna in on Amavata. CONCLUSION – The treatments were found to be statistically significant in reducing the signs and symptoms of the disease.
De black box van de WETS
Authors: Dölle F.T.C. (Frederieke) , de Boer T. (Tom) 
Published: April 2021

De black box van de WETS
De bijdrage bespreekt de erkenning en tenuitvoerlegging van in andere EU-lidstaten opgelegde vrijheidsbenemende sancties in Nederland. De EU-lidstaten wilden door middel van kaderbesluiten de stroperige traditionele rechtshulp efficiënter maken. Nederland heeft aan deze wens gehoor gegeven bij de totstandkoming van de WETS. De WETS kent een belangrijke rol toe aan het hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden, dat de minister adviseert over de toelaatbaarheid van de strafoverdracht. De veroordeelde is niet bij deze procedure betrokken. De auteurs concluderen dat deze procedure op gespannen voet staat met het Unierecht en aanpassing verdient.
Fluoride Content in Drinking Water and the Health Implications of Fluoride-Rich Water Consumption: An Overview of the Situation in Canada and Nigeria
Authors: Orakpoghenor Ochuko , Patience Markus Talatu , Inotu Osagie Meshack , Terkende Hambesha Paul 
Published: April 2021

Fluoride is an inorganic monatomic anion of fluorine and forms part of essential reagents used by the chemical industry. It occurs naturally in several minerals and in trace quantities in water. Fluoride has been used to prevent tooth decay and in the treatment of osteoporosis. Extensive research has consistently demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of fluorides in the prevention of dental caries following the practice of water fluoridation. Despite these benefits, fluorides pose danger as an endocrine disruptor thus, affecting bones, brain, thyroid gland, pineal gland and blood sugar levels. In Canada, water fluoridation remains a contentious issue although dental decay constitutes the most common chronic disease. However, several Canadians are receiving the benefits of water fluoridation and about 1% have access to naturally fluoridated water. In Nigeria, the prevalence of dental caries has been documented to be greatly reduced following fluoridation of public water supplies in areas where the condition was endemic. Fluoride is therefore the only medicine added to public water, and at the recommended level, fluoride is safe and effective in the reduction of dental decay and poses no risk for health problems. Hence, this article highlighted fluoride content in drinking water and the health implications of consuming fluoride-rich water with a focus on the situation in Canada and Nigeria.
Prevalence and Distribution of Ankle Joint Equinus in 249 Consecutive Patients Attending a Foot and Ankle Specialty Clinic
Authors: DeHeer Patrick A. , Standish Sarah N. , Kirchner Kyle J. , Fleischer Adam E. 
Published: April 2021

Background
The definition of equinus varies from less than 0° to less than 25° of dorsiflexion with the foot at 90° to the leg. Despite its pervasive nature and broad association with many lower-extremity conditions, the prevalence of ankle equinus is unclear. Furthermore, there are few data to suggest whether equinus is predominantly a bilateral finding or isolated to the affected limb only.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study examining consecutive patients attending a single foot and ankle specialty practice. Participation involved an assessment of ankle joint range of motion by a single rater with more than 25 years of clinical experience. We defined ankle equinus as ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion less than or equal to 0° and severe equinus as less than or equal to –5°. Patients who had previously experienced an Achilles tendon rupture, undergone posterior group lengthening (ie, Achilles tendon or gastrocnemius muscle lengthening), or had conservative or surgical treatment of equinus previously were excluded.

Results
Of 249 included patients, 61% were female and 79% nondiabetic. The prevalence of ankle equinus was 73% [183 of 249], and nearly all of these patients had bilateral restriction of ankle joint range of motion (prevalence of bilateral ankle equinus was 98.4% [180 of 183] among those with equinus). We also found that ankle equinus was more common in patients with diabetes, higher body mass indexes (BMIs), or overuse symptoms.

Conclusions
The prevalence of ankle equinus in this sample was higher than previously reported, and nearly all of these patients had bilateral involvement. These data suggest that many people attending foot/ankle specialty clinics will have ankle equinus, and select groups (diabetes, increased BMI, overuse symptoms) are increasingly likely.
Intermetatarsal Angle and Hallux Abductus Angle Reduction After First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Hallux Valgus
Authors: Cravey Kimberly S. , Barron Ian M. , Atway Said A. , Anthony Michael L. , Monson Erik K. 
Published: April 2021

Background
First metatarsophalangeal joint fusion is a commonly used procedure for treating many pathologic disorders of the first ray. Historically, hallux valgus deformity with severely increased intermetatarsal angle or metatarsus primus adductus indicated need for a proximal metatarsal procedure. However, the effectiveness and reliability of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis in reducing the intermetatarsal angle has been increasingly described in the literature. We compared findings at our institution with current literature for further validation of this well-accepted procedure in correcting hallux valgus deformity with high intermetatarsal angle.

Methods
Weightbearing preoperative and postoperative radiographs of 43 patients, 31 women and 12 men, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. Two independent investigators measured the hallux abductus and intermetatarsal angles. Preoperative and postoperative measurements for each angle were compared and average reduction calculated. The data were further analyzed by grouping deformities as mild, moderate, and severe. Mean follow-up was 10 months.

Results
The overall mean preoperative intermetatarsal and hallux abductus angles decreased significantly (from 13.09° to 9.33° and from 23.72° to 12.19°, respectively; both P < .01). When grouping deformities as mild, moderate, and severe, all of the categories maintained reduction of intermetatarsal and hallux abductus angles (P < .01). Furthermore, the mean reduction of the intermetatarsal and hallux abductus angles seemed to correlate with preoperative deformity severity.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing correction of hallux valgus deformity, first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis produced consistent reductions in the intermetatarsal and hallux abductus angles. Furthermore, these findings are consistent with those reported by other institutions.