bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling of computed tomography body composition to height: relevance of height‐normalized indices in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Caan Bette J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBody weight scales to height with a power of ≈2 (weight/height2), forming the basis of body mass index (BMI). The corresponding scaling of body composition measured by abdominal computed tomography (CT) to height has not been established. The objective of this analysis was to quantify the scaling of body composition measured by a single‐slice axial abdominal CT image (skeletal muscle, and visceral, subcutaneous, and total adipose tissue) to height in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included non‐Hispanic white males and females, aged 18–80 years, who were diagnosed with stage I–III CRC at an integrated health care system in North America between January 2006 and December 2011. Body composition was measured by a single‐slice axial CT image of the third lumbar vertebra and analysed with a semi‐automated threshold segmentation procedure. Allometric regression models were used to quantify height scaling powers (β ± standard error) for each body composition measure, adjusted for age, for males and females. An interaction test was used to determine if height scaling powers were statistically significantly different between males and females.ResultsAmong 2036 subjects, the mean (standard deviation) age was 64 ± 11 years, 1008 (49.5%) were female, and the mean (standard deviation) BMI was 27.9 ± 5.4 kg/m2. Powers for skeletal muscle area were 1.06 ± 0.12 for males and 0.80 ± 0.12 for females (P = 0.049). Powers for visceral adipose tissue area were 1.81 ± 0.64 for males and 0.57 ± 0.79 for females (P = 0.16). Powers for subcutaneous adipose tissue area were 2.04 ± 0.42 for males and 0.81 ± 0.45 for females (P = 0.056). Powers for total abdominal adipose tissue area were 1.80 ± 0.46 for males and 0.76 ± 0.50 for females (P = 0.20).ConclusionsBody composition measured by single‐slice axial abdominal CT, particularly muscle area, scales to height with age‐adjusted powers that are different than 2 and are distinct between males and females. These observations may have implications for the development of height‐adjusted body composition indices in patients with cancer.
Global research trends on anaerobic digestion and biogas production from cassava wastewater: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: dos Santos Amanda LM , Castro Ana Luiza S , Salomon Karina R , de Souza Theo SO , Vich Daniele V 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cassava processing chain is potentially sustainable and can actively contribute in the change towards the circular economy. The present article aimed at assessing global scientific research trends on anaerobic treatment of wastewater originating from cassava processing. In this regard, a bibliometric analysis of anaerobic digestion and biogas production of wastewater from cassava processing was carried out within the period between 1980 and 2020, using the Scopus database. The results showed that the interest of research on the subject grew exponentially from 2001, being mainly focused on the recovery of by‐products such as methane, biogas, hydrogen, bio‐oil, bioethanol, propionic acid and butyric acid. Full‐scale anaerobic wastewater treatment already is carried out in countries such as India, China and Thailand, and has been explored largely in developing countries. The studies demonstrated that wastewater bioconversion is an attractive solution, with widespread full‐scale applications. The authors of the present work expect that new publications on environmental and economic sustainability of the processing industry of cassava by‐products will contribute to the sector's development towards a green and low‐carbon economy. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Experiences of reproductive genetic counselors with abortion regulations in Ohio
Authors: Heuerman Anne C. , Bessett Danielle , Matheny Antommaria Armand H. , Tolusso Leandra K. , Smith Nicki , Norris Alison H. , McGowan Michelle L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSince 2010, Ohio legislators have passed more than 15 legislative changes related to abortion and abortion providers, and nine procedural abortion clinics have closed. We investigated reproductive genetic counselors’ perceptions, attitudes and self‐reported practices regarding Ohio's current and proposed abortion regulations. We conducted five focus groups and two telephone interviews in 2019–2020, with a total of 19 reproductive genetic counselors. Participants discussed difficulties keeping current on abortion legislation and clinics’ and hospitals’ policies, resulting in anticipatory anxiety and leading to additional work to discuss the laws with patients. Participants articulated that practices of reproductive genetic counseling—and patient advocacy—are impeded by the legislation. Genetic counselors perceive negative impacts on patients’ autonomy, particularly reflective of healthcare disparities of marginalized groups, which may contribute to frustration and anger. Ultimately, the mental and emotional burden on genetic counselors created by abortion legislation contributes to compassion fatigue and burnout. Our findings show that Ohio's abortion regulations negatively impact reproductive genetic counselors and their relationships with their patients. Repealing existing abortion regulations and preventing future restrictive legislation may ameliorate the negative effects of regulations on reproductive genetic counselors and their patients. In the event that these laws remain, innovative communication tools and proactive professional society advocacy are potential means to mitigate the negative impact on reproductive genetic counselors.
Comprehensive investigation on metabolites of Panax quinquefolium L. in two main producing areas of China based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Si Yu , Jiao Yufeng , Li Le , Lin Hongqiang , Wang Cuizhu , Zhou Baisong , Liu Yunhe , Li Zhuo , Li Pingya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractJilin Province and Shandong Province are two main American ginseng (AG) producing areas in China. The geographical difference existed in these two provinces. Aiming at evaluating the similarities and differences of the secondary metabolites, the comprehensive metabolite profiling of AG from Jilin Province (AGJ) and Shandong Province (AGS) was performed based on UPLC‐QTOF‐MS for the first time. In screening analysis, a total of 111 shared compounds, with ginsenosides being major components, were identified or tentatively characterized, which indicated that AGJ and AGS were all rich in phytochemicals and contained similar structural types. Untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the contents of certain constituents in AGJ and AGS. Nineteen (12 for AGJ, 7 for AGS) potential producing area‐dependent chemical markers were discovered. Based on the contents and MS responses, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, and pseudoginsenoside F11 could be considered as the characteristical markers of AGJ, whereas ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 of AGS. This comprehensive phytochemical profile study could provide valuable chemical evidence for evaluating the characteristics qualities of AG from various producing areas.
Studies on chemical constituents of Flos Puerariae‐Semen Hoveniae medicine pair by HPLC and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Wei Ziyun , Yu Xiaomin , Zhang Yu , Wang Yanan , Zhang Haotian , Wang Sijie , Zhang Zan , Sui Wenwen , Zhang Xin , Han Fei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease is currently the most clinically concerning liver disease, which occurs from chronic alcohol abuse. Flos Puerariae and Semen Hoveniae have been used to treat alcohol drinking excessively for thousands of years in China. In this study, the ethanol extract of the medicine pair was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. First, the high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was established to obtain the overall chromatographic data of its chemical constituents. Next, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was applied to identify its chemical constituents. Then, the characteristic constituents were simultaneously quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the chemical constituents that were absorbed into rat plasma were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. As a result, a total of 48 chemical constituents in the medicine pair were detected and identified in vitro. Meanwhile, the content of seven representative constituents, including dihydromyricetin, glycitin, genistin, tectoridin, glycitein, genistein, and tectorigenin were simultaneously determined. Furthermore, a total of 19 chemical constituents were detected in rat plasma after oral administration. In short, the chemical constituents of the medicine pair were initially investigated in this study, which will lay the foundation for the discovery of its pharmacodynamic substances in further works.
Endoscopic considerations for the management of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Geraghty Joe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract. The goals of endoscopy in CCA are to (a) provide an accurate diagnosis (tissue acquisition) and staging of disease and (b) relieve biliary obstruction and associated symptoms such as pruritis (stent placement). This then facilitates optimal treatment to occur; be this surgical resection, uninterrupted chemotherapy or improvement in symptoms. Endoscopy can involve endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with or without cholangioscopy, or endoscopic ultrasound with fine‐needle aspiration to support these goals of making surgery safer and chemotherapy possible while avoiding endoscopy compilations such as pancreatitis and sepsis.
Event‐based run‐off and sediment yield dynamics and controls in the subhumid headwaters of the Blue Nile, Ethiopia
Authors: Assaye Habtamu , Nyssen Jan , Poesen Jean , Lemma Hanibal , Meshesha Derege Tsegaye , Wassie Alemayehu , Adgo Enyew , Fentie Deribew , Frankl Amaury 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLand degradation due to soil erosion presents a major challenge for sustainable development. We investigated run‐off and sediment yield (SY) dynamics in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. The study area included 14 zero‐order catchments with a surface area ranging from 324 to 1715 m2. V‐notch weirs produced from plastic jars were introduced as measuring alternatives that met local constraints. Run‐off (RO) depth at the weir was registered manually at 5‐min intervals during two rainy seasons in 2018 and 2019, and a total of 618 events were monitored. Rainfall was measured using tipping‐bucket rain gauges. RO samples were collected in 1‐L bottles, and suspended sediment concentration was determined. The mean event RO coefficient ranged from 3% for forests to 56% for badlands. Similarly, the mean annual SY was lowest for forests (0.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and highest for badlands (43.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1), with significant differences among land‐use types (14.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in cropland, 5.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in grazing land, and 2.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in plantations). Soil organic matter (SOM) reduced RO and SY, necessitating the consideration of agronomic and land management practices that enhance SOM. Annual SY decreased exponentially with the rock fragment cover (RFC). In fields where RFC was less than 20%, collecting rock fragments for installing stone bunds resulted in a net increase in SY. Rehabilitating badlands and enhancing SOM content in croplands can substantially reduce catchment SY and hence contribute to the sustainability of land uses in the subhumid highlands.
Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Using Anilinonaphthoquinone‐Ligated Nickel Complexes and Thermal/Rheological Properties of the Produced Polymers
Authors: Chowdhury Samiul Islam , Kida Takumitsu , Tanaka Ryo , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolystyrenes (PStX, X = H, OMe, Me, or Cl at 4‐position) are synthesized by the use of anilinonaphthoquinone‐ligated nickel complexes [Ni(C10H5O2NAr)(Ph)(PPh3): 1a, Ar = C6H3‐2,6‐iPr; 1b, Ar = C6H2‐2,4,6‐Me; 1c, Ar = C6H5] activated with modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) in toluene. The polymer yield is dependent on the substituent X and decreases in the following order: OMe > Me > H >> Cl. The highest weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) of 107 000 with polydispersity (Ð)of 1.4 is achieved for PStOMe by the 1a‐MMAO catalytic system.13C NMR analysis indicated that the polymers obtained at 70 °C are atactic but those obtained at 0 °C are isotactoid (isotactic triad ≈ 74 ̶ 82 %), which depended on X. The linear viscoelasticity measurement is also performed to investigate the influences of the substituent on the rheological properties. The critical molecular weight of the chain entanglement of PStOMe is higher than that of PStMe, which should be due to the suppression of the chain entanglement by the methoxy group.
An efficient wide flatness gain bandwidth with parallel hybrid fiber amplifier
Authors: Gurkaynak Irfan Alp , Al‐Mashhadani Thamer Fahad , Al‐Mashhadani Mohammed Kamil Salh , Ali Mudhafar Hussein , Gunduz Abdullah Erkam , Yucel Murat , Goktas Halim Haldun , Zidan Khamis A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this article, we experimentally propose an efficient wide flat gain bandwidth with a parallel hybrid fiber amplifier. The setup includes parallel amplifier branches. In the first branch, serial erbium‐doped and Raman fiber amplifiers are used. In the second branch, only a Raman fiber amplifier is used. Three Raman pump power units (i.e., 1410, 1480, and 1495 nm) are used to achieve Raman gain at different optical communication bands. At optimum pump powers and at a small‐signal power of −30 dBm, an average gain of 18.5 dB with a maximum gain variation of 3 dB and a gain flatness bandwidth of 83 nm, that is, from 1527 to 1610 nm, is achieved. This gain flatness is expanded to 92 nm (1525–1617 nm) at a large input signal power of −5 dBm with an average gain level of 13 dB. In our proposed amplifier, the Raman amplification peaks (1510 and 1595 nm) are chosen to be far from the erbium amplification peak (1530–1570 nm) in order to avoid the overlapping and the saturation in the first amplifier branch. Therefore, due to such wavelength optimization in addition to the recycling the residual Raman pump power, a wide flatness gain bandwidth is achieved for both of low and large input signal powers.
Revisiting the structure of Heliannuol L: A computational approach
Authors: Martorano Lucas H. , Brito Jordana T. , de Albuquerque Ana Carolina F. , Ribeiro Carlos Magno Rocha , Fiorot Rodolfo Goetze , Carneiro José Walkimar de Mesquita , Costa Fabio Luiz Paranhos , Valverde Alessandra L. , dos Santos Junior Fernando Martins 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently, structural elucidation of natural products has undergone a revolution. The combined use of different modern spectroscopic methods has allowed obtaining a complete structural assignment of natural products using small amounts of sample. However, despite the extraordinary ongoing advances in spectroscopy, the mischaracterization of natural products has been and remains a recurrent problem, especially when the substance presents several stereogenic centers. The misinterpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data has resulted in frequent reports addressing structural reassignment. In this context, a great effort has been devoted to developing quantum chemical calculations that simulate NMR parameters accurately, allowing to achieve a more precise spectral interpretation. In this work, we employed a protocol for theoretical calculations of 1H NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants using density functional theory (DFT), followed by the application of the DP4+ method to revisit the structure of Heliannuol L, a member of the Heliannuol class, isolated from Helianthus annuus. Our results indicate that the originally proposed structure of Heliannuol L needs a stereochemical reassignment, placing the hydroxyl bonded to C10 in the opposite side of the methyl and hydroxyl groups bonded to C7 and C8, respectively.
The concept, importance and values of support during childbearing and breastfeeding – A discourse paper
Authors: Ekström‐Bergström Anette , Thorstensson Stina , Bäckström Caroline 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundProfessional support in childbearing has beneficial effects on childbirth experience, interactions within the family, breastfeeding and medical outcomes. However, more knowledge is needed about prerequisites for professional support to be valuable and satisfactory during childbearing.AimThe aim of this discourse paper is to describe and explore prerequisites for professional support that are of value for women and their families during childbearing as well as how healthcare organizations can be formed to facilitate these prerequisites.DesignDiscourse paper.MethodsThis discourse paper is based on our own experiences and is supported by literature and theory.ResultsWell‐functioning structures and processes facilitate professional support that leads to safe, secure, calm and prepared parents with the ability to handle the challenges of childbearing and parenting. When organizing care in childbearing, prerequisites for support needs must also be considered.
Effectiveness of a nurse‐led mindfulness stress‐reduction intervention on diabetes distress, diabetes self‐management, and HbA1c levels among people with type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guo Jia , Wang Hongjuan , Ge Lin , Valimaki Maritta , Wiley James , Whittemore Robin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPeople with diabetes frequently have elevated diabetes distress. Although mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) therapy has been shown effective in reducing diabetes distress, it has only been delivered by psychologists or a multidisciplinary team with an attrition rate of up to 39%, which limits its dissemination to a broader audience. This study was aimed to pilot evaluate the feasibility of a nurse‐led MBSR therapy and explore its potential efficacy amongst people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 100 participants were randomly allocated either to the intervention group (nurse‐led MBSR therapy + regular diabetes education) or the control group (regular diabetes education). Data on diabetes distress, diabetes self‐efficacy, and diabetes self‐management were collected at baseline, 8 and 12 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was collected at baseline and 12 weeks. A generalized estimating equation analysis for repeated measures was used to determine intervention and time effects. As predicted, the nurse‐led MBSR therapy had a significant time‐by‐group interaction effect on diabetes distress total score (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.77, p < 0.001), diabetes self‐efficacy (95% CI: −0.93 to −0.74, p < 0.001), diabetes self‐management (95% CI: −10.80 to −7.83, p < 0.001), and HbA1c levels (95% CI: 0.04–1.14, p = 0.03) in the intervention group compared with the control group over 12 weeks. This is the first nurse‐led MBSR therapy in a hospital setting that is feasible and has the potential to improve health outcomes. This approach may offer an innovative model to deliver MBSR therapy. A randomized controlled trial comparing the nurse‐led MBSR plus usual diabetes education with usual diabetes education along with a mechanism to equalize intervention attention between the groups is indicated.
Nanostructured scaffolds containing graphene oxide for nanomedicine applications
Authors: Uehara Thiers M. , Migliorini Fernanda L. , Facure Murilo H. M. , Palma Filho Nicolau B. , Miranda Paulo B. , Zucolotto Valtencir , Correa Daniel S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe use of graphene oxide (GO) has become widespread due to its advantageous properties for applications in medical devices, including cell scaffolds and sensors. Investigations on the spectroscopic and electrochemical features of nanostructured cell scaffolds may be of interest to design novel scaffolds architectures aimed at understanding their interactions with healthy and cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the interactions between liver cancer cells and two GO‐containing scaffold platforms, namely: cells membrane models containing GO in the form of Langmuir–Blodgett films, and GO‐modified biodegradable polycaprolactone nanofibers. Sum‐frequency generation spectroscopy revealed the presence and formation of an expanded phospholipid monolayer underneath GO, while scanning electron microscopy images revealed the morphology of the cells on the different surfaces. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the charge transfer resistance in different nanostructured scaffolds containing liver cancer cells. The nanosystems developed here can be applied to study the interactions between cells on polymer nanofibers and Langmuir–Blodgett films modified with GO for regenerative medicine.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy composites via bridged Al2O3 network with in situ formed silver nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Liyi , Zheng Minmin , Ge Fan , Ma Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is of great significance to achieve excellent thermal conduction for polymer composites in electrical insulation application. However, traditional polymer composites exhibit limited thermal conduction due to the absence of efficient heat transfer pathways. Herein, Al2O3 microspheres absorbed with silver acetate (AgAc) and 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole (2E4MI) complex were prepared as fillers for constructing heat transfer paths in epoxy composites. At a suitable temperature, 2E4MI was released from Ag(2E4MI)2Ac complex and initiated the curing reaction of epoxy. Simultaneously, nano silver ions were reduced, sintered in situ and then bridged separate Al2O3 microspheres to 3D filler network, which acted as thermal transport pathways in matrix. The thermal conductivity increased from 1.38 W/mK for Al2O3/epoxy composites to 2.62 W/mK for Al2O3@Ag(2E4MI)2Ac/epoxy composites at 60 vol% Al2O3 loading. Thanks to the 3D filler network, the tensile strength of Al2O3@Ag(2E4MI)2Ac/epoxy composites was obviously improved. Both the electrical resistivity and dielectric strength of the composites were basically preserved. Al2O3@Ag(2E4MI)2Ac/epoxy composites exhibit promising application in thermal management materials for advanced electric machinery and electronic devices.
Formulation of interfacial parameter in Kolarik model by aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes and interfacial shear strength to simulate the tensile strength of carbon‐nanotube‐based systems
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo‐Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, we formulate the “A” interfacial parameter in Kolarik model by the features of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and interface. The formulated “A” is applied to develop the Kolarik model for tensile strength of polymer CNT nanocomposites using CNT concentration, CNT aspect ratio, interfacial shear strength, and interfacial stress transfer factor. The advanced equations are applied to approximate the interfacial properties and sample strength. Moreover, the impacts of all factors on the nanocomposite strength are examined to validate the advanced model. CNT size (length and radius) largely changes the “A” from 0 to 250. Both CNT aspect ratio and interfacial stress transfer factor directly manage the “A” and nanocomposite strength. Too thin and extremely large CNTs result in the significant improvement in the strength of nanocomposites, but thick and short CNTs cannot reinforce the polymer media. Very thin (R = 2 nm) and extremely large CNTs (l = 20 μm) cause 1100% improvement in the strength of nanocomposites, whereas R > 12 nm and l < 10 μm cannot strengthen the polymer medium.