bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Twin-Based Fractional Order Controller Optimization for Industrial Robot
Authors: Liu Xuan , Chen Pengchong , Luo Ying 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a practical and systematic tuning procedure for fractional order controller using particle swarm algorithm (PSO) based on digital twin (DT) system of industrial robot has been developed. The procedure includes a virtual realization of control system based on digital twin concept. Then a particle swarm algorithm is introduced to optimize the five parameters of the cascade fractional order PI-PIλ controller. The optimization procedure using particle swarm algorithm based on digital twin concept is also presented. Finally, the virtual industrial robot model in digital twin is simulated to verify the applicability of the optimization method. The effectiveness of using the cascaded fractional order PI-PIλ controller compared to the cascaded integer order PI-PI controller is illustrated by the simulation results, where the cascaded fractional order PI-PIλ controller responses faster with smaller tracking error over the integer order one.
Detrital geochronology and lithologic signatures of Weddell Sea Embayment ice streams, Antarctica—Implications for subglacial geology and ice sheet history
Authors: Agrios Liana M. , Licht Kathy J. , Williams Trevor , Hemming Sidney R. , Welch Lauren , Mickey Jeremiah L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Tills from moraines adjacent to major ice streams of the Weddell Sea Embayment contain distinct detrital zircon (n = 5304) and K-bearing mineral age populations (n = 323) that, when combined with pebble composition data, can be used to better understand Antarctica's subglacial geology and ice sheet history. Till representing the Institute, Foundation, Academy, Recovery and Slessor Ice Streams each have distinct detrital zircon age populations. Detrital Ar-Ar ages are mostly younger than zircon ages, and distinctive populations include 270–300 Ma (Institute), 170–190 Ma (Foundation), and 1200–1400 Ma (Recovery), which are not easily explained by known outcrops. Pebble fractions of the Foundation and Academy tills are most diverse with up to &gt;40% exotic erratics. The southern side of the Recovery Glacier has fossiliferous limestone erratics. Mixing models created using a nonlinear squares curve-fitting approach were developed to evaluate contributors of zircons to Foundation Ice Stream till. These model results and pebble lithology data both indicate that unexposed (subglacial) bedrock is mixed with exposed rocks to produce the observed till. Notably, the model required limited local Patuxent Formation input to the Foundation till's zircon population. Our data suggest that sandstones underlie the Foundation Ice Stream and Recovery Glacier troughs, which has a bearing on basal ice flow conditions and results in geological controls on ice stream location. This geo- and thermo-chronological characterization of the ice streams will enable ice-rafted debris in Weddell Sea marine sediments to be traced back to its sources and interpreted in terms of ice stream dynamics.
Plasma Stability in a Tokamak with Reactor Technologies Taking into Account the Pressure Pedestal
Authors: Medvedev S. Yu. , Martynov A. A. , Konovalov S. V. , Leonov V. M. , Lukash V. E. , Khayrutdinov R. R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStudying stationary regimes with high plasma confinement in a tokamak with reactor technologies (TRT) [1] involves calculating the plasma stability taking into account the influence of the current density profiles and pressure gradient in the pedestal near the boundary. At the same time, the operating limits should be determined by the parameters of the pedestal, which, in particular, are set by the stability limit of the peeling–ballooning modes that trigger the peripheral disruption of edge localized modes (ELM). Using simulation of the quasi-equilibrium evolution of the plasma by the ASTRA and DINA codes, as well as a simulator of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes localized at the boundary of the plasma torus based on the KINX code, stability calculations are performed for different plasma scenarios in the TRT with varying plasma density and temperature profiles, as well as the corresponding bootstrap current density in the pedestal region. At the same time, experimental scalings for the width of the pedestal are used. The obtained pressure values are below the limits for an ITER-like plasma due to the lower triangularity and higher aspect ratio of TRT plasma. For the same reason, the reversal of magnetic field shear in the pedestal occurs at a lower current density, which causes the instability of modes with low toroidal wave numbers and reduces the effect of diamagnetic stabilization.
Coded masks for imaging of neutrino events
Authors: Andreotti M. , Bernardini P. , Bersani A. , Bertolucci S. , Biagi S. , Branca A. , Brizzolari C. , Brunetti G. , Cagnoli I. , Calabrese R. , Caminata A. , Campani A. , Carniti P. , Cataldo R. , Cattadori C. , Cherubini S. , Cicero V. , Citterio M. , Copello S. , Cova P. , Cristaldo Morales E. , Davini S. , Delmonte N. , De Matteis G. , Domizio S. Di , Noto L. Di , Distefano C. , Giammaria T. , Guarise M. , Falcone A. , Ferraro F. , Fiorini M. , Gallice N. , Gotti C. , Guerzoni M. , Iliescu M. A. , Ingratta G. , Lazzaroni M. , Lax I. , Laurenti G. , Leaci A. , Luppi E. , Martina L. , Mauri N. , Minotti A. , Moggi N. , Montagna E. , Montanari A. , Montanino D. , Pallavicini M. , Panareo M. , Parozzi E. G. , Pasqualini L. , Patrizii L. , Pessina G. , Poppi F. , Pozzato M. , Pia V. , Riboldi S. , Riccobene G. , Sala P. , Sapienza P. , Schifano F. , Sirri G. , Spanu M. , Stanco L. , Surdo A. , Taibi A. , Tenti M. , Terranova F. , Testera G. , Tomassetti L. , Torti M. , Tosi N. , Travaglini R. , Uboldi L. , Vicenzi M. , Zani A. , Zucchelli S. ,   (NU@FNAL Collaboration)
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe capture of scintillation light emitted by liquid Argon and Xenon under molecular excitations by charged particles is still a challenging task. Here we present a first attempt to design a device able to have a sufficiently high photon detection efficiency, in order to reconstruct the path of ionizing particles. The study is based on the use of masks to encode the light signal combined with single-photon detectors, showing the capability to detect tracks over focal distances of about tens of centimeters. From numerical simulations it emerges that it is possible to successfully decode and recognize signals, even of rather complex topology, with a relatively limited number of acquisition channels. Thus, the main aim is to elucidate a proof of principle of a technology developed in very different contexts, but which has potential applications in liquid argon detectors that require a fast reading. The findings support us to think that such innovative technique could be very fruitful in a new generation of detectors devoted to neutrino physics.
Fasting-Mimicking Diet Is Safe and Reshapes Metabolism and Antitumor Immunity in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Vernieri Claudio , Fucà Giovanni , Ligorio Francesca , Huber Veronica , Vingiani Andrea , Iannelli Fabio , Raimondi Alessandra , Rinchai Darawan , Frigè Gianmaria , Belfiore Antonino , Lalli Luca , Chiodoni Claudia , Cancila Valeria , Zanardi Federica , Ajazi Arta , Cortellino Salvatore , Vallacchi Viviana , Squarcina Paola , Cova Agata , Pesce Samantha , Frati Paola , Mall Raghvendra , Corsetto Paola Antonia , Rizzo Angela Maria , Ferraris Cristina , Folli Secondo , Garassino Marina Chiara , Capri Giuseppe , Bianchi Giulia , Colombo Mario Paolo , Minucci Saverio , Foiani Marco , Longo Valter Daniel , Apolone Giovanni , Torri Valter , Pruneri Giancarlo , Bedognetti Davide , Rivoltini Licia , de Braud Filippo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

In tumor-bearing mice, cyclic fasting or fasting-mimicking diets (FMD) enhance the activity of antineoplastic treatments by modulating systemic metabolism and boosting antitumor immunity. Here we conducted a clinical trial to investigate the safety and biological effects of cyclic, five-day FMD in combination with standard antitumor therapies. In 101 patients, the FMD was safe, feasible, and resulted in a consistent decrease of blood glucose and growth factor concentration, thus recapitulating metabolic changes that mediate fasting/FMD anticancer effects in preclinical experiments. Integrated transcriptomic and deep-phenotyping analyses revealed that FMD profoundly reshapes anticancer immunity by inducing the contraction of peripheral blood immunosuppressive myeloid and regulatory T-cell compartments, paralleled by enhanced intratumor Th1/cytotoxic responses and an enrichment of IFNγ and other immune signatures associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. Our findings lay the foundations for phase II/III clinical trials aimed at investigating FMD antitumor efficacy in combination with standard antineoplastic treatments.

Significance:
Cyclic FMD is well tolerated and causes remarkable systemic metabolic changes in patients with different tumor types and treated with concomitant antitumor therapies. In addition, the FMD reshapes systemic and intratumor immunity, finally activating several antitumor immune programs. Phase II/III clinical trials are needed to investigate FMD antitumor activity/efficacy.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Retention of the NLRP3 Inflammasome–Primed Neutrophils in the Bone Marrow Is Essential for Myocardial Infarction–Induced Granulopoiesis
Authors: Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Nooti Sunil K. , Jaggers Robert M. , Athmanathan Baskaran , Ho Park Ki , Al-Sharea Annas , Johnson Jillian , Dahdah Albert , Lee Man K.S. , Ma Jianjie , Murphy Andrew J. , Nagareddy Prabhakara R. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) results in overzealous production and infiltration of neutrophils to the ischemic heart. This is mediated in part by granulopoiesis induced by the S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis in injury-exposed neutrophils. Despite the transcriptional upregulation of the NLRP3 (Nod Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3) inflammasome and associated signaling components in neutrophils, the serum levels of IL-1β (interleukin-1β), the effector molecule in granulopoiesis, were not affected by MI, suggesting that IL-1β is not released systemically. We hypothesize that IL-1β is released locally within the bone marrow (BM) by inflammasome-primed and reverse-migrating neutrophils.

Methods:
Using a combination of time-dependent parabiosis and flow cytometry techniques, we first characterized the migration patterns of different blood cell types across the parabiotic barrier. We next induced MI in parabiotic mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery and examined the ability of injury-exposed neutrophils to permeate the parabiotic barrier and induce granulopoiesis in noninfarcted parabionts. Last, using multiple neutrophil adoptive and BM transplant studies, we studied the molecular mechanisms that govern reverse migration and retention of the primed neutrophils, IL-1β secretion, and granulopoiesis. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography.

Results:
MI promoted greater accumulation of the inflammasome-primed neutrophils in the BM. Introducing a time-dependent parabiotic barrier to the free movement of neutrophils inhibited their ability to stimulate granulopoiesis in the noninfarcted parabionts. Previous priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome is not a prerequisite, but the presence of a functional CXCR4 (C-X-C-motif chemokine receptor 4) on the primed-neutrophils and elevated serum S100A8/A9 levels are necessary for homing and retention of the reverse-migrating neutrophils. In the BM, the primed-neutrophils secrete IL-1β through formation of gasdermin D pores and promote granulopoiesis. Pharmacological and genetic strategies aimed at the inhibition of neutrophil homing or release of IL-1β in the BM markedly suppressed MI-induced granulopoiesis and improved cardiac function.

Conclusions:
Our data reveal a new paradigm of how circulatory cells establish a direct communication between organs by delivering signaling molecules (eg, IL-1β) directly at the sites of action rather through systemic release. We suggest that this pathway may exist to limit the off-target effects of systemic IL-1β release.
Between Implementation and Legislation: The Shiʿi Imam Muḥammad al-Jawād’s Khums Demand Letter of 220 ah/835 ce
Authors: Hayes Edmund 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Imami Shiʿa are usually treated as a community defined by belief. By analysing a letter attributed to the ninth Imami Imam, Muḥammad al-Jawād dated to the year of his death in 220/835, I show that the Imami Shiʿa were defined also by institutional structures that tied them to their Imam in his capacity as community leader. Details of transmission, form and content suggest that the letter may well be authentic, giving us a unique window onto the Imamic administration. The letter is a tax demand, encouraging payment of the khums levy upon the spoils of war and other items. My analysis suggests that the understanding of khums and ghanīma among Imamis at this time continued to be fluid, subject to the Imam’s adjustment, and that implementation influenced the elaboration of the law. Subsequently, hadith scholars and jurists were thus forced to interpret how such ad hoc, pragmatic acts fit into Islamic law, which is conceived as eternal and divine.
History and/as Science: Rereading Paul Lacombe
Authors: Carrard Philippe 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Forgotten during several years and rediscovered by historians of the Annales in the 1930s, Paul Lacombe’s De l’histoire considérée comme science (1894) is now quoted in such books as Antoine Prost’s Douze leçons sur l’histoire and the Sage Handbook of Historical Theory. Lacombe’s work is important from an historical standpoint. Against the focus on single events that prevailed in the late nineteenth century, Lacombe defined scientific history as the identifications of regularities for the purpose of articulating laws. Against the empirical approach practiced during that same period, he also stressed the importance of the hypothesis – of the assumptions that made the selection of the facts possible. Finally, connected to several militant women of the time, Lacombe, sought to do what we would now call “gender history,” that is, to study the distribution of gender roles during specific periods. While anticipating several developments in the theory of history, Lacombe was yet a man of his time. He thus did not foresee that his (and his contemporaries’) contrast between observation-based and document-based science would later be challenged, some philosophers now arguing that chemists and physicists are not more able than historians to “observe” the phenomena that they describe.
Jerzy Topolski’s Marxist Anthropocentrism
Authors: Domańska Ewa , Vickers Paul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article I demonstrate that the ideas outlined in Jerzy Topolski’s Methodology of History (Polish 1968, English translation 1976) could not only offer a reference point for and indeed enrich ongoing debates in the philosophy of history, but also help to set directions for future developments in the field. To support my argument, I focus on two themes addressed in Topolski’s work: 1) the understanding of the methodology of history as a separate discipline and its role both in defending the autonomy of history and in creating an integrated knowledge of the past, which I read here through the lens of the current merging of the humanities and natural sciences; and 2) the role of a Marxist anthropocentrism based on the notion of humans as the creators of history, which I consider here in the context of the ongoing critique of anthropocentrism. I point to the value of continuing to use concepts drawn from Marxist vocabulary, such as alienation, emancipation, exploitation and overdetermination, for interpreting the current state of the world and humanity. I stress that Marxist anthropocentrism, with its support for individual and collective agency, remains crucial to the creation of emancipatory theories and visions of the future, even if it has faced criticism for its Eurocentrism and might seem rather familiar and predictable when viewed in the context of the contemporary humanities. Nevertheless, new manifestations of Marxist theory, in the form of posthumanist Marxism and an interspecies historical materialism that transcends anthropocentrism, might play an important role in redefining the humanities and humanity, including its functions and tasks within human and multispecies communities.
Peter Munz and Historical Thought
Authors: Ankersmit Frank 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Few philosophers of history ever recognized the profundity of Peter Munz’s The Shapes of Time that came out in 1977. In this book Munz upheld the view that no part or aspect of the past itself provides us with the solid fundament of all historical knowledge. For him, the historian’s most fundamental logical entity is what he calls the Sinngebild. The Sinngebild consists of two events defined and held together by a covering law. These CL’s can be anything from simple truisms, the regularities we know from daily life to truly scientific laws. But ‘underneath’ these Sinngebilde there is nothing. Hence, Munz’s bold assertation: ‘the truth of the matter is that there is no ascertainable face behind the various masks every story-teller is creating’ and his claim that his philosophy of history is ‘an idealism writ small’. Next, Munz distinguishes between ‘explanation’ and ‘interpretation’. We ‘explain’ the past by taking seriously the historical agent’s self-description and ‘interpret’ it by stating what it looks like from our present perspective. ‘Explanation’ and ‘interpretation’ may ‘typologically’ be more or less similar. Relying on a number of very well-chosen examples from his own field (Munz was a medievalist), this enables Munz to argue why one historical interpretation may be superior to another. In his later life Munz developed a speculative philosophy of history inspired by Popper’s fallibilism.
Social Reproduction at Work, Social Reproduction as Work: A Feminist Political Economy Perspective
Authors: Braedley Susan , Luxton Meg 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Social reproduction has received considerable recent attention from academics and activists aiming to stimulate and advance transformative political change. Yet, an understanding of social reproduction as “work” has sometimes slipped away, leaving behind important anti-racist feminist insights. Engaging with recent contributions from scholars in the U.S., U.K., and Canada, we argue that social reproduction is most useful as a concept, not as a theory, and is best understood as “work”. We point out quandaries and ambiguities that have produced conceptual confusion in scholarship on social reproduction and argue for a conceptualization offered by feminist political economy. We conclude that social reproduction, when understood as work, can support efforts to build the mass movements and solidarity necessary for effective anti-capitalist politics if its relationship to, and contradictions with, the processes of dispossession and capital accumulation are taken into account.
An Immodest Proposal: Pedagogic Information Supports for Teachers
Authors: Rothkopf Ernst Z. 
Published: November 2021

Background/Context Concerns about instructional quality have unleashed a frenzy of reform efforts, including changes in school governance, teacher recruitment, and curriculum, modification of teaching philosophies and procedures, stricter accountability management, and increased quests for scientific research information and guidance. These efforts have resulted in much hope but modest returns. We have middling success in educating our talented students and fail catastrophically with many others. Science and mathematics instruction are among our most critical weak spots. Urgent demand for technically competent people in the workplace and society calls for early relief from our educational discomforts. Purpose/Focus The essay examines how we can take advantage of the colossal scale of the American educational system to improve instruction. Although policy makers have persistently turned away from the fact, the same subject matter is taught in thousands of schools, year after year, and thousands of teachers face very similar instructional tasks. The huge scale of their efforts, coupled with progress in the instructive uses of digital devices, makes it sensible and economically feasible to provide teachers with powerful tools to serve their common needs. We examine requirements and possible configurations for such digital instructional tools and their uses, and we make some cost estimates. Research Design This is an analytic essay. Conclusions/Recommendations Substantial investment of technical and financial resources is proposed for the development of a pedagogic information support system (APIS) for critical courses or subject matter in which competent teachers are in short supply. These systems should be sufficiently comprehensive to cover all core components that a reasonable teacher might include, as well as instrumentally pedagogic elements. APISs are seen as loosely organized, highly redundant collections, in polymorphic digital forms, of explanations, demonstrations, simulations, interactive exercises, problems, examples, elaborations, integrative expositions, and motivational supports, as well as a deep, searchable information base. An APIS for a particular course would be sufficient to support inexperienced teachers and skillful veterans and could be used both with monitored class groups and supervised individual students. APIS can be expected to provide new opportunities for practical teacher education and to stimulate and coordinate instructional research.
Inside Student Government: The Variable Quality of High School Student Councils
Authors: Mcfarland Daniel A. , Starmanns Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Background/Context Student governments are the first direct experience that youth have of representative government. However, very little research has been done on student councils in spite of their ubiquity in American high schools and consistent references to their positive effects on the political socialization of youth. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This article studies how student councils are variably organized across the nation to determine how and why better or worse quality experiences of representative government are being had by youth just before they enter adulthood and have the opportunity to be engaged in the nation's political system. Research Design The authors conducted interviews with student council sponsors, collected a nationally representative sample of student council constitutions, and then looked at the variance in student powers and faculty controls over council endeavors. Conclusions/Recommendations The study finds that student councils are variably organized by school charters and by income levels and race of student populations. Elite public schools afford councils unprecedented powers and low faculty oversight, whereas impoverished schools and those with disadvantaged minorities tend to lack councils or merely have ones that perform social functions. By contrast, private religious schools have the most active councils engaged in a wide range of activities, but their decisions and memberships are constrained by a great deal of faculty oversight. Such variation in representative government has implications for political socialization and the types of citizens being developed in the United States.