bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Hospital Perioperative Services Department Responds to the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Messinger Melissa , McNeill Margaret M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTEarly in 2020, government leaders declared a public health emergency because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak. After World Health Organization leaders declared that the spread of COVID‐19 was a pandemic, it became evident that patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID‐19 would present for surgery at our community hospital, the only facility in the county. The Maryland governor charged hospital administrators with expanding bed capacity in anticipation of a surge of critically ill patients. Concurrently, the Maryland secretary of health prohibited all elective procedures. During the early phase of preparation and response, processes, information, and hospital capabilities and capacity changed frequently and rapidly. Effective communication, teamwork, and interprofessional and interdepartmental collaboration helped us prepare to deliver safe surgical care to patients during the pandemic and maintain safety for all involved. This article describes our health care facility’s response to the pandemic and lessons learned during the process.
Clinical Issues—February 2021
Authors: Wood Amber 
Published: February 2021

THIS MONTH
Moving the surgical lights over a sterile field
Key words: surgical lights, light handles, sterile field contamination, surgical site infection (SSI).
Transport stretchers in the OR
Key words: transport stretcher, bed linens, cross-contamination, sterile field, infectious disease.
Using positive‐pressure ORs for patients who require airborne precautions
Key words: airborne precautions, positive‐pressure airflow, positive‐pressure OR, anteroom.
Discontinuing the use of intraoperative bacitracin irrigation
Key words: bacitracin for injection, antibiotic irrigation, antimicrobial irrigation, surgical site infection (SSI).
Molecular design and synthesis of crosslinked polyimides using radical isomerization of vinylcyclopropane with thiols
Authors: Okamoto Shusuke , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReactive polyimides bearing a vinylcyclopropane (VCP) moiety in the main chain were successfully synthesized from the corresponding diamine with the VCP moiety. Their radical crosslinking using a dithiol proceeded with the radical ring‐opening reaction (RROR) of the VCP moiety to afford the corresponding crosslinked polyimides with the CC bonds in crosslinking moieties. Thermal properties of those crosslinked polyimides were evaluated by thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. As a result, the increase of the crosslinking degree in the crosslinked polymer exhibited great residual weight at 600°C. In contrast, the tendency of the glass transition temperature was inverse because the increase in the amount of dithiol unit as a crosslinker would enhance the mitigation of the polymer packing structure and activates the mobility of polymer chains.
Enhanced properties of poly(ε‐caprolactone)/polyvinylpyrrolidone electrospun scaffolds fabricated using 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol
Authors: Goreninskii Semen , Danilenko Nadezhda , Bolbasov Evgeniy , Evtina Anastasia , Buldakov Mikhail , Cherdyntseva Nadezhda , Saqib Muhammad , Beshchasna Natalia , Opitz Joerg , Filimonov Victor , Tverdokhlebov Sergei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPoly(ε‐caprolactone)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PCL/PVP) scaffolds with various composition were fabricated from 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) solution using the same electrospinning parameters in order to reveal the effect of polymer ratio on the material properties. The obtained materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, and tensile testing. The strengthening effect of PVP was observed: Young modulus of PCL/PVP scaffold with 50/50 polymer ratio was found at 105.4 ± 8.4 MPa which is six times higher comparing to those of PCL scaffold. PVP‐containing scaffolds were extremely hydrophilic with PVP concentration of 5 wt% (vs. 25 wt% in previous reports) leading to full wetting of the material. in vitro studies showed an improved viability of HeLa cells cultured with the composites containing higher concentrations of PVP. Owing to the application of HFIP, PCL‐based materials were loaded with cyclophosphamide for the first time and the PVP‐containing materials demonstrated the intensified initial release of the model compound. Utilizing HFIP for the fabrication of PCL/PVP scaffolds significantly widens their application for drug delivery systems due to a good solubility of proteins, drugs, and other biologically active compounds in this solvent.
Facile preparation for gelatin/hydroxyethyl cellulose‐SiO2 composite aerogel with good mechanical strength, heat insulation, and water resistance
Authors: Peng Tangping , Zhu Jundong , Huang Tao , Jiang Chongwen , Zhao Fuxing , Ge Shengzhuo , Xie Le 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe advanced thermal insulation materials with low cost and high mechanical properties play an important role in transport packaging and thermal protection fields. An inorganic/organic composite aerogel was prepared through hydrogen bonds and chemical crosslinking among silica aerogel particles, gelatin (GA), and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). The as‐prepared GA/HEC‐SiO2 composite aerogels were characterized by compression tests, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analyzer, and contact angle tests to investigate the chemical composition and physical structure. The GA/HEC‐SiO2 composite aerogels exhibited a strong mechanical strength (0.53–4.01 MPa), a high compression modulus (1.33–11.52 MPa), a lower volume density (0.035–0.081 g/cm3), thermal conductivity as low as 0.035 W/[m K]), a porosity of more than 93%, and hydrophobic angle as high as 150.01° after hydrophobic modification. These results indicate that biopolymer composite aerogels embedded with SiO2 aerogel particles display a bright future in thermal insulation.
Aramid nanofiber reinforced nitrile rubber assisted by cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Guo Zonglei , Guo Dashuang , Liu Fujun , Wang Hui , Song Jianhui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA fiber‐reinforced rubber composite was prepared by mixing aramid nanofibers (ANF) suspension and nitrile rubber (NBR) latex. The effects of ANF content and corresponding surface modification on the microstructure, vulcanization performance, processing and mechanical properties of composite materials, were systematically investigated. We found that, compared with commonly used short‐cut aramid fibers, ANF fillers tend to form a stronger filling network within NBR matrix, resulting in a pronounced Payne effect. By improving the interfacial adhesion via dopamine (DA) coating onto ANF surface, the tensile strength can be further enhanced as expected. Besides, to eliminate the detriment of mechanical performance due to residual sodium polyacrylate in the course of flocculation, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was adopted to serve as a thickener during solution mixing. The incorporation of CNC can significantly improve the mechanical properties, which identifies a synergistic reinforcement effect arising from the cooperation of two types of fillers.
Self‐healing performance assessment of epoxy resin and amine hardener encapsulated polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Pittala Raj Kumar , Ben B. Satish , Ben B. Avinash 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn order to study the effect of healing materials viscosity on the self‐healing performance of polymer composite, mostly available epoxy resin of viscosity 10–12 Pa.s and amine hardener of viscosity 0.01–0.02 Pa.s were chosen as two different healing materials and successfully encapsulated. Effect of core to shell(c/s) ratio on the synthesis of epoxy microcapsules was investigated and 1:1 c/s ratio is suggested as an ideal ratio to synthesize epoxy capsules. Chemical structure and thermal decomposition patterns of both microcapsules and capsules reinforced composite were analyzed. Tensile strength, impact strength and fracture toughness of capsules reinforced self‐healing epoxy composite were evaluated. It was observed that the toughness of epoxy composite increased with the increase in microcapsules concentration. An optimum healing efficiency of 66% was observed with the addition of 7.5 wt% epoxy and hardener microcapsules at equal weight ratio. Stresses developed in the pure epoxy composite crack front were analyzed using Ansys V18.1.
Assessing the spatial–temporal response of groundwater‐fed anchialine ecosystems to sea‐level rise for coastal zone management
Authors: Marrack Lisa , Wiggins Chad , Marra John J. , Genz Ayesha , Most Rebecca , Falinski Kim , Conklin Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs a result of sea‐level rise (SLR), coastal anchialine pool habitats will be lost in some locations and will expand inland into low‐lying areas in others. New and existing habitats may risk additional SLR‐related degradation from non‐native species transmission, groundwater pollution, and increased contact with human infrastructure. Despite a worldwide distribution, anchialine ecosystems and biota have been largely omitted from SLR risk assessments for coastal ecosystems.Anchialine pools and caves are composed of brackish groundwater that connects to the marine environment through porous rocky substrate but have no overland connection to the ocean. They support unique endemic biota.The goal of this study was to develop methods to assess potential impacts to anchialine pools from future coastal flooding, using the island of Hawai'i as a case study. Flood predictions incorporated pool surveys, groundwater‐level measurements, and statistical analysis of flood frequencies observed in tide gauges combined with regional scenario‐based projections of future sea levels. High‐resolution geospatial models were then generated to predict anchialine pool location, density, and risk factors for the next 60 years.Along 40 km of coastline, up to 80% of current anchialine pools will be lost by 2080 as pools merge with ocean habitats; however, as groundwater flooding occurs more frequently and new habitats are created inland, the total pool counts will rise from 509 in 2018 to 1,000 by 2080. As a result of extreme water‐level events, non‐native fishes are predicted to disperse into 42% of pools by 2030. Based on current conditions, development and cesspool risks are quite low for anchialine pools in the study area.Outcomes from this study are guiding conservation actions, including habitat restoration, non‐native fish removal, and development planning decisions in coastal areas. This study illustrates methods that can be used to assess the effects of SLR on anchialine pool habitats worldwide.
Expansion of Alternative Autoantibodies Does Not Follow the Evolution of Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Analysis in At‐Risk First Degree Relatives
Authors: Anaparti Vidyanand , Smolik Irene , Meng Xiaobo , O’Neil Liam , Jantz Mackenzie A. , Fritzler Marvin J. , El‐Gabalawy Hani 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveCo‐occurrence of autoantibodies specific for ≥1 autoimmune disease is widely prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. To understand the prevalence of polyautoimmunity in preclinical RA, we performed a comprehensive autoantibody assessment in a First Nations cohort of at‐risk first‐degree relatives (FDR) of RA patients, a subset of whom subsequently developed RA (progressors).MethodsVenous blood was collected from all study participants (n = 50 RA patients and 64 FDR) at scheduled visits, and serum was stored at −20°C. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level, anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) status, and autoantibody status were determined using commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was detected by nephelometry. Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) were identified using Hep‐2 indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and classified according to international consensus nomenclature as various anti‐cell (AC) patterns.ResultsOf our study cohort, 78.9% had positive ANA reactivity (≥1:80), which was either a homogenous, fine‐speckled (AC‐1 and AC‐4) or mixed IFA pattern. Importantly, the AC‐4 and mixed ANA patterns were also observed in progressors at the time of disease onset. While all of the RA patients showed a high prevalence of arthritis‐associated autoantibodies, they also had a high prevalence of extractable nuclear antigen–positive autoantibodies to other autoantigens. In FDR, we did not observe any increase in serum autoreactivity to nonarthritis autoantigens, either cross‐sectionally or in samples collected longitudinally from progressors prior to RA onset.ConclusionWhile alternative autoimmunity and ANA positivity are widely prevalent in First Nations populations, including asymptomatic, seronegative FDR, expansion of alternative autoimmunity does not occur in parallel with ACPA expansion in FDR and is restricted to patients with established RA.
Probing of extragalactic background light with TeV gamma‐ray observations
Authors: Sinitsyna Vera G. , Sinitsyna Vera Yu , Borisov Sergei S. , Mirzafatikhov Rim M. , Balygin Kirill A. , Klimov Anatolii I. , Ostashev Igor E. , Moseiko Nikolai I. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtragalactic Background Light (EBL) radiation contains an information about the cosmological processes including the history of stars and galaxies formation. The detection of γ‐ray sources in the energy range 0.8–40 TeV at red‐shifts from z = 0.018 to z = 1.375 with SHALON telescopes led to the constraint of the EBL density, as the TeV γ‐rays can be absorbed due to interaction of low‐energy photons of EBL. It is compared with data from measurements and models. Also, the observations of sources with z > 2 from first and second Fermi LAT AGN catalogue have been started in the year 2014, and the first results on B2 242 + 43 (z = 2.243) and B2 0743 + 25 (z = 2.979) quasars are presented. The detection of TeV γ‐ray sources at high red‐shifts is the evidence of less average spectral density of EBL and thus the less star formation rate at early evolution stage than it is previously believed.
Non‐local chiral quark model at finite chemical potential in the presence of an intense magnetic field
Authors: Ferraris Sebastián Alberto , Grunfeld Ana Gabriela , Scoccola Norberto Nerio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the behavior of two‐flavor dense quark matter under the influence of an external magnetic field B in the framework of an extended Nambu‐Jona‐Lasinio model with non‐local and separable interactions. This non‐locality is incorporated in the model by using a Gaussian form factor. We find that within this model there is a decrease of the critical chiral restoration chemical potential for a rather wide range of increasing magnetic fields.
Fusion dynamics of 12C + 12C reaction: An astrophysical interest within the relativistic mean‐field approach
Authors: Rana Shilpa , Kumar Raj , Bhuyan Mrutunjaya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe 12C + 12C fusion reaction plays a significant role in the later phases of stellar evolution. For a better understanding of the evolution involved, one must understand the corresponding fusion‐fission dynamics and reaction characteristics. In the present analysis, we have studied the fusion cross‐section along with the S‐factor for this reaction using the well‐known M3Y and recently developed R3Y nucleon‐nucleon (NN) potential along with the relativistic mean‐field densities in double‐folding approach. The density distributions and the microscopic R3Y NN potential are calculated using the NL3* parameter set. The ℓ‐ summed Wong model is employed to investigate the fusion cross‐section, with ℓmax‐values from the sharp cut‐off model. The calculated results are also then compared with the experimental data. It is found that the R3Y interaction gives a reasonable agreement with the data.
Atypical Head Movement during Face‐to‐Face Interaction in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Zhao Zhong , Zhu Zhipeng , Zhang Xiaobin , Tang Haiming , Xing Jiayi , Hu Xinyao , Lu Jianping , Peng Qiongling , Qu Xingda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study implemented an objective head pose tracking technique—OpenFace 2.0 to quantify the three dimensional head movement. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typical development (TD) were engaged in a structured conversation with an interlocutress while wearing an eye tracker. We computed the head movement stereotypy with multiscale entropy analysis. In addition, the head rotation range (RR) and the amount of rotation per minute (ARPM) were calculated to quantify the extent of head movement. Results demonstrated that the ASD group had significantly higher level of movement stereotypy, RR and ARPM in all the three directions of head movement. Further analyses revealed that the extent of head movement could be significantly explained by movement stereotypy, but not by the amount of visual fixation to the interlocutress. These results demonstrated the atypical head movement dynamics in children with ASD during live interaction. It is proposed that head movement might potentially provide novel objective biomarkers of ASD.Lay SummaryOur study used an objective tool to quantify head movement in children with autism. Results showed that children with autism had more stereotyped and greater head movement. We suggest that head movement tracking technique be widely used in autism research.
High production of d‐psicose from d‐fructose by immobilized whole recombinant Bacillus subtilis cells expressing d‐psicose 3‐epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Sun Jiandong , Qi Hongqing , Wang Liang , Wang Jihui , Li Cheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstractd‐Psicose 3‐epimerase (DPEase) can catalyze the isomerization of d‐fructose to be rare sugar d‐psicose, which has wide application prospects in the food and medical fields. In this study, the DPEase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was constructed into plasmid pMA5, and was successfully expressed in the host Bacillus subtilis WB600 (B. subtilis). After optimization of the fermentation conditions, whole recombinant B. subtilis WB600/pMA5‐At‐DEPase(O) cells produced d‐psicose from d‐fructose with a conversion rate of 29.01 ± 0.19%, which could be used for the efficient synthesis of d‐psicose. To further improve the whole recombinant B. subtilis application, B. subtilis cells were immobilized onto a gel bead biocatalyst by Ca‐alginate. After optimization of the biotransformation conditions, the conversion rate of the immobilized biocatalyst reached 20.74 ± 0.39%, which was lower than the free cells. However, the results showed that the immobilized biocatalyst had higher thermal/pH stability and storability, and the gel beads could be recycled for at least six batches. The results showed that the amount of d‐psicose generated reached 32.83 ± 2.56 g/L with the immobilized biocatalyst after six times biotransformation, whereas the free cells produced only approximately 10.44 ± 0.07 g/L. The results showed that immobilized recombinant B. subtilis cells are promising to use for the efficient synthesis of d‐psicose.
Luftbrunnenanlage des Burgtheaters Wien: Nachhaltige Klimatisierungsstrategien
Authors: Kain Günther , Idam Friedrich , Huber Alfons , Goldsteiner Markus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDas Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts errichtete Burgtheater in Wien ist eines der bedeutendsten Sprechtheater Europas. Es verfügt über eine aus der Errichtungszeit stammende Luftbrunnenanlage zur Frischluftversorgung und Konditionierung des Zuschauerhauses. Dabei wird Frischluft im nahegelegenen Volksgarten angesaugt und über einen unterirdischen Gang und Bodenauslässe in den Zuschauerraum geführt. Warme, verbrauchte Luft wird über die Decke des Zuschauerhauses und eine drehbare Öffnung auf dem Dach des Theaters abgeführt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden an maßgeblichen Stellen des Belüftungssystems Sensoren zur Überwachung von Lufttemperatur, Luftgeschwindigkeit und Luftfeuchtigkeit platziert. Schließlich wurden Optimierungspotenziale in der Betriebssteuerung und eine adiabate Luftkühlung durch Wasservernebelung evaluiert. Es konnten dabei erfolgsversprechende Handlungsoptionen zur nachhaltigen Konditionierung des Burgtheaters formuliert werden.
Schalldämmung und Schallschutz – Vergleich von bewertetem Bau‐Schalldämm‐Maß R'w und bewerteter Standard‐Schallpegeldifferenz DnT,w
Authors: Neubauer Reinhard O. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn DIN 4109 wird die Schalldämmung, ausgedrückt mit der kennzeichnenden Größe R′w, zur Beschreibung des Schallschutzes verwendet. Schalldämmung und Schallschutz beschreiben jedoch unterschiedliche Sachverhalte. Die Schalldämmung kennzeichnet eine Qualität eines Trennbauteils als „Widerstand” mit der kennzeichnenden Größe „Schalldämm‐Maß, R” und der Schallschutz beschreibt eine Qualität des Schutzes zwischen zwei Räumen vor Schallübertragungen und wird mit der kennzeichnenden Größe „Schallpegeldifferenz, D” ausgedrückt. Durch Vergleich beider Kenngrößen wird klar, dass ein Unterschied bestehen muss, der sich nicht nur algebraisch in den Gleichungen darstellen lässt. Werden gleiche Räume objektiv und subjektiv untersucht, zeigen sich Unterschiede sowohl in der Einzahlangabe als auch in der Wahrnehmung. Insbesondere im Hörvergleich hat sich gezeigt, dass das bewertete Schalldämm‐Maß (R′w) uneinheitlich in subjektiver Hinsicht bewertet wird, wohingegen die bewertete Standard‐Schallpegeldifferenz (DnT,w) eine deutliche „Korrelation” zeigt.
Kommunale Sporthallen in Deutschland – Bestandssituation und Perspektiven
Authors: Horst Patricia , Messari‐Becker Lamia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSportstätten haben sowohl im Hinblick auf ihre soziokulturelle Funktion als auch aus Sicht des gebäudebezogenen Umwelt‐ und Klimaschutzes eine besondere Bedeutung. Den größten Anteil deutscher Sportstätten bilden Sporthallen, die vorwiegend durch die Kommunen betrieben werden und größtenteils zu Zeiten des Goldenen Plans (1960/70er‐Jahre) erbaut wurden. Um die positiven Effekte auf das Sporttreiben und somit auf die Lebensqualität sowie auf das Erreichen der gebäudebezogenen Umwelt‐ und Klimaschutzziele nutzen zu können, bedarf es einer definierten Quantität und Qualität dieser Anlagen. Inwieweit die Sportstätten – insbesondere kommunale Sporthallen – den quantitativen und qualitativen Bedarf decken können und welche Perspektiven für den Sporthallenbestand aus Sicht der Nachhaltigkeit resultieren, wird im folgenden Aufsatz diskutiert.
Untersuchungen zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz – Teil 1: Vergleich der Nachweisverfahren unter Berücksichtigung zukünftiger Klimadaten
Authors: Hoffmann Sabine , Kheybari Abolfazl Ganji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn einer dreiteiligen Artikelreihe wird der Nachweis des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes mit verschiedenen Methoden und unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen untersucht. Während Teil 1 die herkömmlichen Verfahren nach DIN 4108‐2 miteinander vergleicht und unter dem Aspekt der sich verändernden Klimabedingungen betrachtet, beschäftigt sich Teil 2 mit mehrdimensionalen Simulationsansätzen für Sonnenschutz. In Teil 3 werden zusätzlich Modellierungsverfahren vorgestellt, die für die korrekte Wiedergabe spezieller Geometrien und hoch reflektierender Materialien bei Verschattungssystemen von Bedeutung sind.Im vorliegenden Teil 1 der Artikelreihe wird eine Analyse der herkömmlichen Nachweisverfahren, nämlich des Tabellenverfahrens mit Sonneneintragskennwert sowie der dynamischen Gebäudesimulation, durchgeführt. Beide Methoden werden im Hinblick auf die Auswirkungen wichtiger Aspekte und Maßnahmen des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes (Klimaregion, Orientierung, Fensterflächenanteil, Lüftung, thermische Masse, Sonnenschutz) untersucht und mit einander verglichen. Für die Gebäudesimulation werden neben dem vorgeschriebenen Klimadatensatz (TRY 2010) auch Zukunftsklimadaten verwendet, die den Zeitraum 2021 – 2050 repräsentieren (TRY 2035).