bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of patient‐derived xenograft engraftment in pediatric sarcomas
Authors: Castillo‐Ecija Helena , Pascual‐Pasto Guillem , Perez‐Jaume Sara , Resa‐Pares Claudia , Vila‐Ubach Monica , Monterrubio Carles , Jimenez‐Cabaco Ana , Baulenas‐Farres Merce , Muñoz‐Aznar Oscar , Salvador Noelia , Cuadrado‐Vilanova Maria , Olaciregui Nagore G , Balaguer‐Lluna Leire , Burgueño Victor , Vicario Francisco J , Manzanares Alejandro , Castañeda Alicia , Santa‐Maria Vicente , Cruz Ofelia , Celis Veronica , Morales La Madrid Andres , Garraus Moira , Gorostegui Maite , Vancells Margarita , Carrasco Rosalia , Krauel Lucas , Torner Ferran , Suñol Mariona , Lavarino Cinzia , Mora Jaume , Carcaboso Angel M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe goals of this work were to identify factors favoring patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) engraftment and study the association between PDX engraftment and prognosis in pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We used immunodeficient mice to establish 30 subcutaneous PDX from patient tumor biopsies, with a successful engraftment rate of 44%. Age greater than 12 years and relapsed disease were patient factors associated with higher engraftment rate. Tumor type and biopsy location did not associate with engraftment. PDX models retained histology markers and most chromosomal aberrations of patient samples during successive passages in mice. Model treatment with irinotecan resulted in significant activity in 20 of the PDXs and replicated the response of rhabdomyosarcoma patients. Successive generations of PDXs responded similarly to irinotecan, demonstrating functional stability of these models. Importantly, out of 68 tumor samples from 51 patients with a median follow‐up of 21.2 months, PDX engraftment from newly diagnosed patients was a prognostic factor significantly associated with poor outcome (p = 0.040). This association was not significant for relapsed patients. In the subgroup of patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma classified as standard risk, we found higher risk of relapse or refractory disease associated with those samples that produced stable PDX models (p = 0.0357). Overall, our study shows that PDX engraftment predicts worse outcome in newly diagnosed pediatric sarcoma patients.
Biobank Scale Pharmacogenomics Informs the Genetic Underpinnings of Simvastatin Use
Authors: Wendt Frank R. , Koller Dora , Pathak Gita A. , Jacoby Daniel , Miller Edward J. , Polimanti Renato 
Published: April 2021

Studying drug‐metabolizing enzymes, encoded by pharmacogenes, may inform biological mechanisms underlying the diseases for which a medication is prescribed. Until recently, pharmacogenes could not be studied at biobank scale. In 7,649 unrelated African‐ancestry (AFR) and 326,214 unrelated European‐ancestry (EUR) participants from the UK Biobank, we associated pharmacogene haplotypes from 50 genes with 265 (EUR) and 17 (AFR) medication use phenotypes using generalized linear models. In EUR, N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) metabolizer phenotype and activity score were associated with simvastatin use. The dose of NAT2*1 was associated with simvastatin use when compared with NAT2*5 (the most common haplotype). This association was robust to effects of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentration (NAT2*1 odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05–1.09, P = 1.14 × 10−8) and polygenic risk for LDL‐C concentration (NAT2*1 OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14, P = 2.26 × 10−4). Interactive effects between NAT2*1 and simvastatin use on LDL‐C concentration (OR = 0.957, 95% CI: 0.916–0.998, P = 0.045) were replicated in the electronic Medical Records and Genomics Pharmacogenetic Sequencing Pilot (eMERGE‐PGx) cohort (OR = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.976–0.998, P = 0.029). We used biobank‐scale data to uncover and replicate an association between NAT2 locus variation and better response to statin therapy. Testing NAT2 alleles may be useful for making clinical decisions regarding the potential benefit (e.g., absolute risk reduction) in LDL‐C concentration prior to statin treatment.
A novel dynamic clustering approach for energy hole mitigation in Internet of Things‐based wireless sensor network
Authors: Dogra Roopali , Rani Shalli , Sharma Bhisham , Verma Sandeep , Anand Divya , Chatterjee Pushpita 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWith the advancements in the technology, Internet of Things (IoT)‐based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have shown a tremendous growth in rendering a huge number of applications across the globe. However, it is observed that IoT‐based sensor nodes suffer from energy limitations. To resolve this, cluster‐based topology is adapted by the various researchers for rendering green energy‐efficient solution for communication of IoT devices. In this paper, the dynamic and energy‐efficient clustering for energy hole mitigation (DECEM) is proposed. The proposed framework is composed of the following proposed attributes; network is divided in two halves of regions, in each half, a gateway node (GN) is selected that collects data from their corresponding half region. Further, in each cluster, two cluster heads (CHs) are selected among whom one is made active at a moment (remains active until 60% of its energy is consumed) and other stays in sleep mode. First, the GN is selected in each side of the network (divided into two halves), and later, clustering is done, and selection of two CHs in each cluster is performed. The parameters for the selection of GN and CHs include residual energy, separation between the node and the sink, the number of neighbour nodes and network's residual energy. The simulation experiments reveal that DECEM has enhanced stability period by 5% and 31% as compared to the MEEC and IDHR protocols, respectively. The network lifetime is gigantically improved by 56% as compared to MEEC protocol.
Epidemiology of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest complicating non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: 18‐year US study
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Jentzer Jacob C. , Prasad Abhiram , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Kashani Kianoush , Shah Nilay D. , Dunlay Shannon M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aims to evaluate the impact of the combination of cardiogenic shock (CS) and cardiac arrest (CA) complicating non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Methods and resultsAdult (>18 years) NSTEMI admissions using the National Inpatient Sample database (2000 to 2017) were stratified by the presence of CA and/or CS. Outcomes of interest included in‐hospital mortality, early coronary angiography, hospitalization costs, and length of stay. Of the 7 302 447 hospitalizations due to NSTEMI, 147 795 (2.0%) had CS only, 155 522 (2.1%) had CA only, and 41 360 (0.6%) had both CS and CA. Compared with 2000, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for CS, CA, and both CS and CA in 2017 were 3.75 (3.58–3.92), 1.46 (1.42–1.50), and 4.52 (4.16–4.87), respectively (all P < 0.001). The CS + CA (61.2%) cohort had higher multiorgan failure than CS (42.3%) and CA only (32.0%) cohorts, P < 0.001. The CA only cohort had lower rates of overall (52% vs. 59–60%) and early (17% vs. 18–27%) angiography compared with the other groups (all P < 0.001). CS + CA admissions had higher in‐hospital mortality compared with those with CS alone (aOR 4.12 [95% CI 4.00–4.24]), CA alone (aOR 1.69 [95% CI 1.65–1.74]), or without CS/CA (aOR 22.66 [95% CI 22.06–23.27]). The presence of CS, either alone or with CA, was associated with higher hospitalization costs and longer hospital length of stay.ConclusionsThe combination of CS and CA is associated with higher rates of acute non‐cardiac organ failure and in‐hospital mortality in NSTEMI admissions as compared with those with either CS or CA alone.
Prognostic impact of hospital‐acquired disability in elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Saitoh Masakazu , Takahashi Yuta , Okamura Daisuke , Akiho Mitsutoshi , Suzuki Hidetoshi , Noguchi Naoki , Yamaguchi Yukito , Hori Kentaro , Adachi Yuichi , Takahashi Tetsuya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsFunctional decline is associated with worse outcomes in patients with elderly heart failure (HF), but little is known about the prognostic impact of hospital‐acquired disability (HAD) during hospital stay after acute HF. The present study examines the prognostic significance of HAD in the prediction of all‐cause mortality in elderly patients who admitted for acute HF.Methods and resultsThis retrospective study was performed in 1941 elderly patients aged ≥65 years or older from the cardiovascular physiotherapy for acute HF patients in the Tokyo metropolitan area registry and excluded those who died in hospital. HAD was defined as any decline in the Barthel index (BI) before discharge compared with the BI within 1 month before hospital admission. The primary outcome of this study was all‐cause death and HF readmission. A total of 565 (29%) deaths and 789 (41%) HF readmission occurred over a median follow‐up period of 1.7 years. A total of 476 patients (25%) had HAD during hospital stay after acute HF. In multivariable analysis, HAD predicted all‐cause death [hazard ratio (HR): 1.772; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.450–2.167; P < 60; 0.001] and with risk of HF readmission (HR: 1.193; 95% CI: 1.005–1.416; P = 0.043) after adjusting for the Meta‐analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure risk score.ConclusionsHospital‐acquired disability is associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death and readmission for HF in elderly patients with acute HF.
Effect of slope tower angle and thermal storage media on flexibility solar chimney power plant performance
Authors: Semai Hakim , Bouhdjar Amor 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFloating tower projects in solar chimney power plant are emerging with considerable interest. However, high chimney tower might be under great pressure from wind blow. Use of flexible fabric material for the tower might reduce the constraint on the chimney and reduce the cost. The present work is devoted to the study of the solar tower inclination impact on the efficiency of the solar chimney power plant (SCPP). The considered inclination angles of the tower are 15°, 22°, and 30°. In addition, waterbed is laid down on the ground of the collector to store heat. Results showed that a tower inclination of up to 22° might improve the performance of the SCPP. The extra heat storage also made a better use of the energy. This improved the power produced from sunset to sunrise with a lower entropy generation, mainly in the configuration with a solar tower inclination between 15° and 22°.
A comprehensive survey of physical layer security over fading channels: Classifications, applications, and challenges
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to the open nature of wireless communication systems, the data transmission over these networks are vulnerable to malicious attack. To safeguard the transmitted data, physical layer security (PLS) has been emerged as a promising technique because of its unique feature of utilizing randomness of the wireless channel to secure the information. The preeminent idea of utilizing the channel imperfections such as fading and noise into the security providing resource is the basic approach behind PLS. For exploiting the randomness of the propagation medium, the analysis of the secrecy performance over the fading channel is of utmost importance. With the explanation of basic theory and technology, this paper presents an elaborated survey on the PLS research over the fading channels. To exploit the performance gains, we discuss the optimization approaches in different network design problems, for example, secrecy rate maximization, power minimization, and secure energy efficiency problems. We present a comparative study of the expressions of various performance metrics of the PLS along with classification depending upon the channel state information of the eavesdropper. The application and challenges of the PLS in the emerging wireless technologies are also reviewed and discussed. This paper incorporates almost all the aspects of PLS implemented over the fading channels. Furthermore, the paper is concluded with open research directions for the PLS system in various fields that can be explored to design a flexible and robust security system to satisfy the security requirements of the next‐generation networks.
HPV73 in cervical cancer and distribution of HPV73 variants in cervical dysplasia
Authors: Borgfeldt Christer , Söderlund‐Strand Anna , Flygh Lotten Darlin , Forslund Ola 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHPV73 is classified as possibly oncogenic and is not recognized by most commercial primary HPV screening platforms. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HPV73 among invasive cervical cancers, formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples (N = 69), from southern Sweden during 2009 to 2010. Another aim was to determine proportions of HPV73 among Aptima HPV assay negative cervical cancers (N = 9, out of 206 cancers) and of high‐grade cytological cervical diagnosis (N = 75, out of 5807 high grade lesions) in liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples collected between 2016 and 2019. We also investigated the distribution of HPV73 variants A1, A2 and B among HPV73‐positive cases. HPV73 was detected by multiplex MGP‐PCR and Luminex, and HPV73 variants were identified by sequencing PCR amplicons. HPV73 was detected in 2.9% (2/69, 95% CI: 0.18‐9.9) of the FFPE cervical cancer series. Among the Aptima HPV‐negative LBC samples, HPV73 was present in 55.5% (5/9) of the cancers and 29.3% (22/75) of the different grades of cervical diagnosis. The A1, A2 and B variants were present in 6.9% (2/29), 82.7% (24/29) and 10.3% (3/29) of the HPV73‐positive women, respectively. Among the seven HPV73 cancer cases (two FFPE samples and five LBC samples), six A2 and one A1 isolate were detected. In summary, the A2 variant of HPV73 was most common in our region. In addition, the observed prevalence of HPV73 (2.9%) in cervical cancers and its relative high occurrence (55.5%) among Aptima HPV‐negative cancers urge that detection of HPV73 should be included in future primary HPV screening programs.
The effect of front‐of‐package nutrition labels on the choice of low sugar products
Authors: Mauri Chiara , Grazzini Laura , Ulqinaku Aulona , Poletti Erika 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolicy makers around the world are facing serious challenges in controlling citizens' obesity and healthiness, hence, they devote increased attention to the development of tools that communicate easily processable nutrition information. Front‐of‐package nutrition labels are one of such tools and have been used to signal the extent to which food items contain potentially unhealthy ingredients such as sugar or fat. In this research, we focus on sugar cues on three different food categories to investigate their impact on consumer choice. We compare two labels, one already used (traffic‐light) and one never used (sugar teaspoon): sugar teaspoons prove to be more effective than the previously used traffic‐lights in healthy product choices, but only for specific food categories. In two experiments, we find that sugar teaspoon labels indicating sugar content, as opposed to traffic‐light labels, are more effective in signaling sugar levels and thus, in helping consumers making healthier choices. We find that this is particularly relevant for food categories that have a simpler ingredient composition (i.e., whose healthiness relies more heavily on sugar). We finally propose processing fluency as the mechanism for the relation between sugar signals and product choices.
Response surface methodology optimised solvothermal system enables an efficient extraction of echinacoside and oleuropein from Syringa pubescens Turcz
Authors: Wu Yanfang , Chu Yindi , Yang Qinyu , Li Mengjia , Yu Miao , Deng Ruixue , Liu Kun , Wang Xinsheng , Fan Enguo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionSyringa pubescens Turcz. was reported to be abundant in the Funiu Mountains of Henan Province and can be used to treat hepatitis and cirrhosis. In order to develop and utilise the resource, a fast and simple technique to extract bioactive compounds is needed.ObjectivesOur aims were to provide an extraction technique of glycosides from S. pubescens and study the antioxidant activity of this material.MethodsBox–Behnken design (BBD) was employed with three factors at three levels. The process parameters such as ethanol concentration (X1), temperature (X2), and solvent–solid ratio (X3) could significantly influence efficiency and yield of target compounds. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of glycosides. DPPH (α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) and reducing power were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of S. pubescens extract.ResultsThe optimal parameters for the maximal extraction yield were obtained with ethanol concentration of 68%, temperature of 89°C, solvent–solid ratio of 46 mL/g, and time of 20 min. The S. pubescens extract showed strong antioxidant properties in vitro.ConclusionThe findings indicated the potential application of solvothermal extraction method to extract bioactive compounds from S. pubescens Turcz. Furthermore, the S. pubescens extract could be used as an important resource of antioxidant activity.
Managing orchard groundcover to reduce pollinator foraging post‐bloom
Authors: McDougall Robert , DiPaola Anna , Blaauw Brett , Nielsen Anne L 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAgricultural insecticides are believed to play a role in global pollinator decline. In mass‐flowering orchard crops, recommendations to reduce exposure of pollinators to insecticides include spraying at periods when bees aren't foraging, such as dusk and dawn and outside of crop flowering times. However, the presence of flowering weeds within orchards mean pollinators may still be found foraging throughout the growing season, increasing the likelihood that exposure will still occur. We hypothesized that removing these weeds within orchard groundcover may reduce pollinator foraging post‐bloom and thus reduce exposure of this group to pesticides. We tested this hypothesis by using herbicide to remove flowering broadleaf weeds in the sod middles (‘groundcover’) between rows of a nectarine orchard in New Jersey, USA, and assessing the effect on pollinator visitation via three different methods.RESULTSSignificantly lower abundance, richness, diversity, and evenness of pollinators were found in plots where herbicide treatment had removed the majority of flowering weeds, compared to untreated plots. This was the case for bees, and for pollinators overall, and was reflected in both visual observations and active sampling through sweep netting. Passive sampling with blue vane traps failed to detect a difference between treatments.CONCLUSIONGroundcover management in orchards is often employed as part of integrated pest management programs to remove alternative host plants of insect pests. The findings of this study show that it is also effective in reducing post‐bloom pollinator foraging in orchards, thus potentially preventing exposure of these beneficial organisms to harmful insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Forcing mechanism of the Silk Road pattern and the sensitivity of Rossby‐wave source hotspots to mean‐state winds
Authors: Li Ronald Kwan Kit , Tam Chi‐Yung , Lau Ngar‐Cheung , Sohn Soo‐Jin , Ahn Joong‐Bae , O'Reilly Christopher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Silk Road pattern (SRP) is a leading mode of Eurasian atmospheric variability in boreal summer. It remains challenging for many models to predict the temporal phase of the SRP. This study investigates whether the forcing mechanism of the SRP can explain SRP prediction difficulty. Rossby‐wave sources (RWS) associated with the SRP are first identified in a reanalysis. An idealised barotropic model is then used to test wave propagation from all identified RWS, to isolate the relevant forcing locations of the SRP, namely the RWS hotspots. In addition to previous findings, a new hotspot in the central North Pacific is located, which can force the SRP by westward dispersion of a zonally elongated Rossby wave. Furthermore, a new mechanism of the Indian summer monsoon in forcing the SRP is discovered. Results also suggest that Rossby‐wave propagation by itself only explains a small fraction of the SRP amplitude, consistent with baroclinic energy conversion from the mean state, which has previously been shown to be vital for SRP growth—not represented in the idealised model. Seasonal hindcasts from the Pusan National University (PNU) coupled general circulation model are also analysed. The hindcasts can predict the SRP spatially but not temporally. Within a seasonal timescale, the hindcast develops an upper‐level mean‐state wind bias compared with the reanalysis, which is shown by the barotropic model to affect RWS hotspot locations of the SRP. While the reanalysis SRP is associated with North Atlantic sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies, the hindcast SRP is associated with tropical Pacific SST. Wind biases in the North Atlantic jet exit, subtropical western Pacific, and tropical Pacific are found to alter wave propagation from the North Atlantic and the North and tropical Pacific, respectively, and can explain the association of the SRP with different SSTs in the reanalysis and hindcast. This sensitivity of hotspots to mean‐state winds is proposed to reduce SRP prediction skill.
Non‐adiabatic dynamic of atmospheric unimolecular photochemical reactions of 4,4‐difluoro‐crotonaldehyde using TD‐DFT and TSH approaches
Authors: Castro Pedro J. , Maeda Satoshi , Morokuma Keiji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhotochemical reactions of small molecules occur upon irradiation by ultraviolet or visible light, and they are a very important chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere because they impact our quality of life and health. Small‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds play an important role in the chemistry of the polluted troposphere. The fluorinated aldehydes are very reactive under the sunlight driving to species that trigger more atmospheric reactions. This paper is focused on a theoretical study of the photochemistry of difluoro‐crotonaldehyde using static and dynamic calculations by combination of global reaction route mapping and trajectory surface hopping approach. The static analysis of the electronic and geometrical structures at the critical points allowed to rationalize the possible pathways that interconnect the stationary and crossing points in order to get a map of the unimolecular photochemical reactions which take place. The time evolution of the electronic states and the degrees of freedom enabled the identification of the requirements to follow the most probable deactivation pathways. This article reports the unimolecular deactivation pathways after the electronic excitation of the trans and cis isomers. In both cases, the excitation energies were calculated and compared with the analogues in the crotonaldehyde in order to elucidate the effect of fluorine atoms on the electronic structure and stabilities. After the initial excitations to the ππ* excited states, the main deactivation channels follow non‐adiabatic pathways via S1/S0 conical intersections. Ultrafast processes leading to the early activation of the S1 govern the decay of the difluoro‐crotonaldehyde. Depending on the nature of the S1 state before the crossing with the S0, the system can follow several reaction pathways. The main photochemical processes observed were the cis‐trans isomerization, the Norrish type I reaction (α‐cleavage), Norrish type II reaction (γ‐hydrogen abstraction) and fluorine photodissociation. The time scale, the molecular deformations and the electronic states implied for the different photochemical processes, as well as how these compete with the photophysical deactivation are discussed.