bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor diameter as a predictor of lymph node involvement in endometrioid type endometrial adenocarcinomas
Authors: Akış Serkan , Kabaca Canan , Keleş Esra , Öztürk Uğur Kemal , Özyürek Eser , Api Murat , Çetiner Handan , Bostancı Evrim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo analyze the risk factors of lymph node involvement in pure endometrioid type endometrial cancer and assess factors that necessitate lymphadenectomy.MethodsPatients who had been operated on due to endometrial cancer and whose final pathology was reported as pure endometrioid carcinoma between January 2014 and January 2020 were assessed. Hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, and systematic lymphadenectomy were performed in all patients. All specimens were reported by expert gynecopathologists.ResultsThe lymph node positivity rate was 14.4%. When the study population was classified according to the Mayo risk criteria; lymph node involvement in the low‐risk and high‐risk groups was 9.1% and 14.8%, respectively and there was no statistically difference (p > 0.05). The median of tumor size and the rate of deep myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, adnexal involvement, FIGO grade 3 tumor were found significantly higher in the positive lymph node group in univariate analysis. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut‐off value of the tumor diameter was determined as 47.5 mm (sensitivity 85%, specificity 62%). Every 10 mm increase in tumor diameter increased the risk of lymph node involvement 10 times.ConclusionThis study defined that the tumor diameter is an independent predictor for lymphatic dissemination. In the future, it could be shown that even with new modeling based on tumor diameter, lymphadenectomy or adjuvant radiotherapy requirements would be reevaluated.
Fatherhood and wage inequality in Britain, Finland, and Germany
Authors: Icardi Rossella , Hägglund Anna Erika , Fernández‐Salgado Mariña 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates whether and how fatherhood shapes the wage distribution in Britain, Finland, and Germany.BackgroundExisting research debates whether fatherhood is associated with greater wages. However, it remains unclear whether the association between fatherhood and wages varies along the wage distribution as well as institutional contexts. To explore this, we compare three countries that differ in their wage bargaining institutions and family policies.MethodWe use unconditional quantile regression on longitudinal data from the 1995 to 2016 waves of the Finnish Linked Employer Employee data, German Socio‐Economic Panel, and UK Longitudinal Household Study. To control for selection into fatherhood, we combine quantile regressions with fixed effects techniques.ResultsResults show little evidence of substantial fatherhood wage effects along men's wage distribution. In all countries, fathers' higher wages at the median and top of the wage distribution are mostly accounted for by selection, but fatherhood shifts the bottom part of the distribution to the left particularly in the UK.ConclusionsThe extent to which having a child affects men's wages across the wage distribution is similar across three diverse policy contexts. Yet, differences across the wage distribution are larger in the UK. We argue this may be linked to its higher level of inequality typical of liberal labour markets.
Effects of Pathogen‐Avoidance Tendency on Infection‐Prevention Behaviors and Exclusionary Attitudes toward Foreigners: A Longitudinal Study of the COVID‐19 Outbreak in Japan1
Authors: Yamagata Mei , Teraguchi Tsukasa , Miura Asako 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the changes in public behaviors and attitudes following the spread of COVID‐19 in Japan. Using a longitudinal approach that analyzes the movement of an unpredictable and real infection threat to explain and predict human behavior during the pandemic—a novel approach in behavioral immune system research—a panel survey was conducted on Japanese citizens. The results of the survey, conducted in late January, mid‐February, and early March 2020, indicated that the influence of the interaction between the changes in situational infection threat and individual differences in pathogen‐avoidance tendency on infection‐prevention behaviors and exclusionary attitudes toward foreigners was not significant. Moreover, frequent contact with foreigners had a mitigating effect on exclusionary attitudes. The study thus provided a valuable contribution to the application of behavioral immune‐system responses to problems associated with infection threats. Moreover, consideration of the aspects of adaptive reaction and social learning allowed us to observe the process of adaptive strategies in novel environments under conditions of high ecological validity and to accurately understand the psychological response to infectious disease outbreaks.
Hepatitis C virus treatment with direct‐acting antivirals induces rapid changes in the hepatic proteome
Authors: Ball Lauren E. , Agana Bernice , Comte‐Walters Susana , Rockey Don C. , Masur Henry , Kottilil Shyam , Meissner Eric G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTreatment of chronic hepatitis C virus with direct‐acting antivirals usually eradicates infection, but liver fibrosis does not resolve concurrently. In patients who develop cirrhosis prior to hepatitis C virus treatment, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma can still occur after viral elimination due to residual fibrosis. We hypothesized the liver proteome would exhibit meaningful changes in inflammatory and fibrinogenic pathways change upon hepatitis C virus eradication, which could impact subsequent fibrosis regression. We analysed the liver proteome and phosphoproteome of paired liver biopsies obtained from 8 hepatitis C virus‐infected patients before or immediately after treatment with direct‐acting antivirals. Proteins in interferon signalling and antiviral pathways decreased concurrent with hepatitis C virus treatment, consistent with prior transcriptomic analyses. Expression of extracellular matrix proteins associated with liver fibrosis did not change with treatment, but the phosphorylation pattern of proteins present within signalling pathways implicated in hepatic fibrinogenesis, including the ERK1/2 pathway, was altered concurrent with hepatitis C virus treatment. Hepatitis C virus treatment leads to reduced expression of hepatic proteins involved in interferon and antiviral signalling. Additionally, changes in fibrosis signalling pathways are detectable before alteration in extracellular matrix proteins, identifying a putative chronology for the dynamic processes involved in fibrosis reversal.
Genomic time‐series data show that gene flow maintains high genetic diversity despite substantial genetic drift in a butterfly species
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Springer Amy , Brady Megan , Chaturvedi Samridhi , Lucas Lauren K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEffective population size affects the efficacy of selection, rate of evolution by drift and neutral diversity levels. When species are subdivided into multiple populations connected by gene flow, evolutionary processes can depend on global or local effective population sizes. Theory predicts that high levels of diversity might be maintained by gene flow, even very low levels of gene flow, consistent with species long‐term effective population size, but tests of this idea are mostly lacking. Here, we show thatLycaeidesbutterfly populations maintain low contemporary (variance) effective population sizes (e.g. ~200 individuals) and thus evolve rapidly by genetic drift. However, populations harboured high levels of genetic diversity consistent with an effective population size several orders of magnitude larger. We hypothesized that the differences in the magnitude and variability of contemporary versus long‐term effective population sizes were caused by gene flow of sufficient magnitude to maintain diversity but only subtly affect evolution on generational timescales. Consistent with this hypothesis, we detected low but nontrivial gene flow among populations. Furthermore, using short‐term population‐genomic time‐series data, we documented patterns consistent with predictions from this hypothesis, including a weak but detectable excess of evolutionary change in the direction of the mean (migrant gene pool) allele frequencies across populations and consistency in the direction of allele frequency change over time. The documented decoupling of diversity levels and short‐term change by drift inLycaeideshas implications for our understanding of contemporary evolution and the maintenance of genetic variation in the wild.
Comparative genomics provides structural and functional insights into Bacteroides RNA biology
Authors: Prezza Gianluca , Ryan Daniel , Mädler Gohar , Reichardt Sarah , Barquist Lars , Westermann Alexander J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBacteria employ noncoding RNA molecules for a wide range of biological processes, including scaffolding large molecular complexes, catalyzing chemical reactions, defending against phages, and controlling gene expression. Secondary structures, binding partners, and molecular mechanisms have been determined for numerous small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) in model aerobic bacteria. However, technical hurdles have largely prevented analogous analyses in the anaerobic gut microbiota. While experimental techniques are being developed to investigate the sRNAs of gut commensals, computational tools and comparative genomics can provide immediate functional insight. Here, using Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron as a representative microbiota member, we illustrate how comparative genomics improves our understanding of RNA biology in an understudied gut bacterium. We investigate putative RNA‐binding proteins and predict a Bacteroides cold‐shock protein homolog to have an RNA‐related function. We apply an in silico protocol incorporating both sequence and structural analysis to determine the consensus structures and conservation of nine Bacteroides noncoding RNA families. Using structure probing, we validate and refine these predictions and deposit them in the Rfam database. Through synteny analyses, we illustrate how genomic coconservation can serve as a predictor of sRNA function. Altogether, this work showcases the power of RNA informatics for investigating the RNA biology of anaerobic microbiota members.
Consequences of the first and secondCOVID‐19 wave on kidney transplant recipients at a large Indian transplant centre
Authors: Kute Vivek B. , Meshram Hari Shankar , Navadiya Vijay V. , Chauhan Sanshriti , Patel Dev D. , Desai Sudeep N. , Shah Nauka , Dave Ruchir B. , Banerjee Subho , Engineer Divyesh P. , Patel Himanshu V. , Rizvi Syed Jamal , Mishra Vineet V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a scarcity of data comparing the consequences of first and second COVID‐19 waves on kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) in India.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre retrospective study of 259 KTRs with COVID‐19 to compare first wave (March 15–December 31 2020, n = 157) and second wave (April 1–May 31 2021, n = 102).ResultsKTRs during second wave were younger (43 vs. 40 years;p‐value .04) and also included paediatric patients (0 vs. 5.9%;p‐value .003). Symptoms were milder during the second wave (45 vs. 62.7%;p‐value .007); COVID‐19 positive patients had less frequent cough (32 vs. 13.8%;p‐value .001), fever was less frequent (58 vs. 37%;p‐value .001), and we observed fewer co‐morbidities (11 vs. 20.6%;p‐value .04). The percentages of neutrophils (77 vs. 83%;p‐value .001) and serum ferritin (439 vs. 688;p‐value .0006) were higher during second wave, while lymphocyte counts were reduced (20 vs. 14%;p‐value .0001). Hydroxychloroquine (11 vs. 0%;p‐value .0001) and tocilizumab (7 vs. 0%;p‐value .004) were more frequently prescribed during first wave, while utilization of dexamethasone (6 vs. 27%;p‐value .0001) and remdesivir (47 vs. 65%;p‐value .03) increased during the second wave. Mucormycosis (1.3 vs. 10%;p‐value .01) and ICU admissions (20 vs. 37.2%;p‐value .002) were more frequent during second wave. The 28‐day mortality rate (9.6 vs. 10%;p‐value 1) was not different.ConclusionsThere has been a different clinical spectrum of COVID‐19 amongst KTR with similar mortality between the two waves at a large Indian transplant centre.
Gastrointestinal symptoms and healthcare utilization have increased among patients with functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gubatan John , Zikos Thomas , Spear Bishop Estelle , Wu John , Gottfried Andrés , Becker Laren , Habtezion Aida , Neshatian Leila 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to unprecedented disruptions in healthcare. Functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders (FGIMD) are associated with significant healthcare utilization. The clinical implications of these healthcare disruptions due to the COVID‐19 pandemic on clinical outcomes in patients with FGIMD are unclear.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients with three common FGIMD (irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia [FD]) tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 to describe alterations in gastrointestinal symptoms, medication use, and healthcare utilization during and before the pandemic and factors associated with COVID‐19.Key ResultsThe prevalence of COVID‐19 during the pandemic (03/2020–09/2020) was 3.20% (83/2592) among patients with FGIMD, 3.62% in IBS (57/1574), 3.07% in gastroparesis (23/749), and 2.44% in FD (29/1187) at our institution. Patients with FGIMD had increased abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and weight loss (p < 0.001) along with increased proton pump inhibitor, H2 blocker, and opioid use (p < 0.0001). Both inpatient hospitalizations and outpatient visits (p < 0.0001) and number of diagnostic tests including cross‐sectional imaging (p = 0.002), and upper and lower endoscopies (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher during the pandemic as compared to 6 months prior. Diarrhea‐predominant IBS was positively (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.34–4.19, p = 0.003) associated with COVID‐19, whereas functional dyspepsia was negatively (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.27–0.79, p = 0.004) associated.Conclusions & InferencesPatients with common functional gastrointestinal and motility disorders have reported more gastrointestinal symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic with concurrent increased medication use and healthcare utilization.
Early Cretaceous mealybug herbivory on a laurel highlights the deep‐time history of angiosperm–scale insect associations
Authors: Xiao Lifang , Labandeira Conrad C. , Ben‐Dov Yair , Maccracken S. Augusta , Shih Chungkun , Dilcher David L. , Ren Dong 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Insect fluid‐feeding on fossil vascular plants is an inconspicuous and underappreciated mode of herbivory that can provide novel data on the evolution of deep‐time ecological associations and indicate the host‐plant preferences of ancient insect herbivores. Previous fossil studies have documented piercing‐and‐sucking herbivory but often are unable to identify culprit insect taxa.

One line of evidence are punctures and scale‐insect impression marks made by piercing‐and‐sucking insects that occasionally provide clues to the systematic identities and relationships of particular insect herbivores.

We report here the earliest occurrences of piercing and sucking on early angiosperms as evidenced by scale insect covers, impression marks, punctures and body fossils – notably a mealybug – from the Lower Cretaceous Rose Creek Flora of the Dakota Formation (c. 103 Ma), in southeastern Nebraska, USA. The mealybug, two other scale insect taxa, and several distinctive damage types on laurel leaves and seed‐plant stems at Rose Creek document a diverse guild of piercing‐and‐sucking insects on early angiosperms.

The discovery of an Early Cretaceous female mealybug indicates an early herbivorous association with a laurel host. These data provide direct evidence for co‐associations and possible coevolution of scale insects and their plant hosts during early angiosperm diversification.
Mobilizing governments and society to combat obesity: Reflections on how data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative are helping to drive policy progress
Authors: Breda João , Farrugia Sant'Angelo Victoria , Duleva Vesselka , Galeone Daniela , Heinen Mirjam M. , Kelleher Cecily C. , Menzano Maria Teresa , Musić Milanović Sanja , Mitchell Lachlan , Pudule Iveta , Rito Ana Isabel , Shengelia Lela , Spinelli Angela , Spiroski Igor , Yardim Nazan , Buoncristiano Marta , Williams Julianne , Rakovac Ivo , McColl Karen 
Published: August 2021

SummaryTo meet the need for regular and reliable data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in Europe, the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was established in 2007. The resulting robust surveillance system has improved understanding of the public health challenge of childhood overweight and obesity in the WHO European Region. For the past decade, data from COSI have helped to inform and drive policy action on nutrition and physical activity in the region. This paper describes illustrative examples of how COSI data have fed into national and international policy, but the real scope of COSI's impact is likely to be much broader. In some countries, there are signs that policy responses to COSI data have helped halt the rise in childhood obesity. As the countries of the WHO European Region commit to pursuing United Action for Better Health in Europe in WHO's new European Programme of Work, COSI provides an excellent example of such united action in practice. Further collaborative action will be key to tackling this major public health challenge which affects children throughout the region.
Undergraduate medical education interventions aimed at managing patients with obesity: A systematic review of educational effectiveness
Authors: Katz Nathan J. , Neary Emma , Tang Natasha , Braund Heather , Cofie Nicholas , Zevin Boris 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe growing obesity epidemic requires an evidence‐based approach to management of patients with obesity. Two systematic reviews on obesity‐management interventions in undergraduate medical education, both published in 2012, reported discrepant findings. This study aimed to build on previous research by identifying, systematically reviewing, and synthesizing current literature on the effectiveness of educational interventions aimed at teaching management of patients with obesity to medical students. A comprehensive search of seven databases was performed with no date or language restrictions. Database search identified 6462 studies; 5373 were screened against title and abstract, 156 full‐text articles were retrieved, 31 met eligibility criteria, and 17 were included after critical appraisal of study methodology. Nine cohort‐studies, three qualitative, two case–controls, two mixed‐methods, and one randomized controlled trial were included. Findings supported the educational effectiveness of brief (<3 h) educational interventions, the value of video‐clips to deliver content, and the importance of in‐person teaching. Findings also demonstrated an increase in the number of studies describing educational interventions aimed at teaching management of patients with obesity to medical students. These results can be used by medical educators to inform the design of educationally effective curricula focused on the management of patients with obesity in undergraduate medical education.
Inheritance and molecular mapping of resistance against mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Khosla Gaurav , Gill Balwinder Singh , Sirari Asmita , Sharma Pankaj , Singh Sarvjeet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractYellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a devastating disease of soybean in India and has all the potential to spread into new areas. In the present study, inheritance and molecular mapping of YMD resistance in soybean was investigated. Phenotypic ratios in F2 of four resistant × susceptible crosses and F2:3 and BC1F2 of one cross indicated inhibitory gene interaction for YMD resistance. Out of 267 SSR markers, 114 markers showing parental polymorphism were used for bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of F2 population derived from cross SL 958 (resistant) × AGS 456 (susceptible). Composite interval mapping revealed one major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 6 flanked by markers Satt281 and Sat_076 and one on chromosome 2 flanked by markers BARCSOYSSR_02_0423 and BARCSOYSSR_02_0425. Further, gene annotation with these QTLs on soybean genome also located two candidate genes, namely, RDRP1 and SGS3 in these regions having role in resistance against begomoviruses. Markers identified in this study will be helpful in marker‐assisted breeding for YMD resistance in soybean.
Dual Function Antibody Conjugates for Multimodal Imaging and Photoimmunotherapy of Cancer Cells
Authors: Saad Mohammad A. , Xavierselvan Marvin , Sharif Hamza A. , Selfridge Scott , Pawle Robert , Varvares Mark , Mallidi Srivalleesha , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPrecision imaging, utilizing molecular targeted agents, is an important tool in cancer diagnostics and guiding therapies. While there are limitations associated with single mode imaging probes, multimodal molecular imaging probes enabling target visualization through complementary imaging technologies provides an attractive alternative. However, there are several challenges associated with designing molecular probes carrying contrast agents for complementary multimodal imaging. Here, we propose a dual function antibody conjugate (DFAC) comprising an FDA approved photosensitizer Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) and a naphthalocyanine‐based photoacoustic dye (SiNc(OH)) for multimodal infrared (IR) imaging. While fluorescence imaging, through BPD, provides sensitivity, complementing it with photoacoustic imaging, through SiNc(OH), provides a depth‐resolved spatial resolution much beyond the optical diffusion limits of fluorescence measurements. Through a series of in vitro experiments, we demonstrate the development and utilization of DFACs for multimodal imaging and photodynamic treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (A431) cell line. The proposed DFACs have potential use in precision imaging applications such as guiding tumor resection surgeries and photodynamic treatment of residual microscopic disease thereby minimizing local recurrence. The data demonstrated in this study merits further investigation for its preclinical and clinical translation.
Ground and Grain
Authors: Fritz Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCurrent views of metaphysical ground suggest that a true conjunction is immediately grounded in its conjuncts, and only its conjuncts. Similar principles are suggested for disjunction and universal quantification. Here, it is shown that these principles are jointly inconsistent: They require that there is a distinct truth for any plurality of truths. By a variant of Cantor’s Theorem, such a fine‐grained individuation of truths is inconsistent. This shows that the notion of grounding is either not in good standing, or that natural assumptions about it need to be revised.