bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-isotope evidence of population aggregation in the Natufian and scant migration during the early Neolithic of the Southern Levant
Authors: Santana Jonathan , Millard Andrew , Ibáñez-Estevez Juan J. , Bocquentin Fanny , Nowell Geoffrey , Peterkin Joanne , Macpherson Colin , Muñiz Juan , Anton Marie , Alrousan Mohammad , Kafafi Zeidan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman mobility and migration are thought to have played essential roles in the consolidation and expansion of sedentary villages, long-distance exchanges and transmission of ideas and practices during the Neolithic transition of the Near East. Few isotopic studies of human remains dating to this early complex transition offer direct evidence of mobility and migration. The aim of this study is to identify first-generation non-local individuals from Natufian to Pre-Pottery Neolithic C periods to explore the scope of human mobility and migration during the Neolithic transition in the Southern Levant, an area that is central to this historical process. The study adopted a multi-approach resorting to strontium (87Sr/86Sr), oxygen (δ18OVSMOW) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratio analyses of tooth enamel of 67 human individuals from five sites in Jordan, Syria, and Israel. The isotope ratios point both to a significant level of human migration and/or mobility in the Final Natufian which is compatible with early sedentarism and seasonal mobility and with population aggregation in early sedentary hamlets. The current findings, in turn, offer evidence that most individuals dating to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic were local to their respective settlements despite certain evidence of non-locals. Interestingly, isotopic data suggest that two possible non-local individuals benefitted from particular burial practices. The results underscore a decrease in human mobility and migration as farming became increasingly dominant among the subsistence strategies throughout the Neolithic transition of the Southern Levant.
A spatio-temporal analysis of dengue spread in a Brazilian dry climate region
Authors: Filho Aloísio S. Nascimento , Murari Thiago B. , Ferreira Paulo , Saba Hugo , Moret Marcelo A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigated the relation between the spread, time scale, and spatial arrangement of dengue in Bahia, a Brazilian dry climate region, for the period 2000 to 2009. The degree of cross-correlation is calculated for 15 economic regions. We propose a multiscale statistical analysis to datasets of dengue cases in order to verify the effect of infection dispersal on the economic regions from the metropolitan region of Salvador. Our empirical results support a significant and persistent cross-correlation between most regions, reinforcing the idea that economic regions or climatic conditions are non-statistically significant in the spread of dengue in the State of Bahia. Our main contribution lies in the cross-correlation results revealing multiple aspects related to the propagation of dengue in dry climate regions.
Slight reduction in SARS-CoV-2 exposure viral load due to masking results in a significant reduction in transmission with widespread implementation
Authors: Goyal Ashish , Reeves Daniel B. , Thakkar Niket , Famulare Mike , Cardozo-Ojeda E. Fabián , Mayer Bryan T. , Schiffer Joshua T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMasks are a vital tool for limiting SARS-CoV-2 spread in the population. Here we utilize a mathematical model to assess the impact of masking on transmission within individual transmission pairs and at the population level. Our model quantitatively links mask efficacy to reductions in viral load and subsequent transmission risk. Our results reinforce that the use of masks by both a potential transmitter and exposed person substantially reduces the probability of successful transmission, even if masks only lower exposure viral load by ~ 50%. Slight increases in mask adherence and/or efficacy above current levels would reduce the effective reproductive number (Re) substantially below 1, particularly if implemented comprehensively in potential super-spreader environments. Our model predicts that moderately efficacious masks will also lower exposure viral load tenfold among people who get infected despite masking, potentially limiting infection severity. Because peak viral load tends to occur pre-symptomatically, we also identify that antiviral therapy targeting symptomatic individuals is unlikely to impact transmission risk. Instead, antiviral therapy would only lower Re if dosed as post-exposure prophylaxis and if given to ~ 50% of newly infected people within 3 days of an exposure. These results highlight the primacy of masking relative to other biomedical interventions under consideration for limiting the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic prior to widespread implementation of a vaccine. To confirm this prediction, we used a regression model of King County, Washington data and simulated the counterfactual scenario without mask wearing to estimate that in the absence of additional interventions, mask wearing decreased Re from 1.3–1.5 to ~ 1.0 between June and September 2020.
Meta-QTL analysis and identification of candidate genes for quality, abiotic and biotic stress in durum wheat
Authors: Soriano Jose Miguel , Colasuonno Pasqualina , Marcotuli Ilaria , Gadaleta Agata 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe genetic improvement of durum wheat and enhancement of plant performance often depend on the identification of stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) and closely linked molecular markers. This is essential for better understanding the genetic basis of important agronomic traits and identifying an effective method for improving selection efficiency in breeding programmes. Meta-QTL analysis is a useful approach for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits, providing broader allelic coverage and higher mapping resolution for the identification of putative molecular markers to be used in marker-assisted selection. In the present study, extensive QTL meta-analysis was conducted on 45 traits of durum wheat, including quality and biotic and abiotic stress-related traits. A total of 368 QTL distributed on all 14 chromosomes of genomes A and B were projected: 171 corresponded to quality-related traits, 127 to abiotic stress and 71 to biotic stress, of which 318 were grouped in 85 meta-QTL (MQTL), 24 remained as single QTL and 26 were not assigned to any MQTL. The number of MQTL per chromosome ranged from 4 in chromosomes 1A and 6A to 9 in chromosome 7B; chromosomes 3A and 7A showed the highest number of individual QTL (4), and chromosome 7B the highest number of undefined QTL (4). The recently published genome sequence of durum wheat was used to search for candidate genes within the MQTL peaks. This work will facilitate cloning and pyramiding of QTL to develop new cultivars with specific quantitative traits and speed up breeding programs.
Country distancing increase reveals the effectiveness of travel restrictions in stopping COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Zhong Lu , Diagne Mamadou , Wang Weiping , Gao Jianxi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite a number of successful approaches in predicting the spatiotemporal patterns of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and quantifying the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions starting from data about the initial outbreak location, we lack an intrinsic understanding as outbreak locations shift and evolve. Here, we fill this gap by developing a country distance approach to capture the pandemic’s propagation backbone tree from a complex airline network with multiple and evolving outbreak locations. We apply this approach, which is analogous to the effective resistance in series and parallel circuits, to examine countries’ closeness regarding disease spreading and evaluate the effectiveness of travel restrictions on delaying infections. In particular, we find that 63.2% of travel restrictions implemented as of 1 June 2020 are ineffective. The remaining percentage postponed the disease arrival time by 18.56 days per geographical area and resulted in a total reduction of 13,186,045 infected cases. Our approach enables us to design optimized and coordinated travel restrictions to extend the delay in arrival time and further reduce more infected cases while preserving air travel.
Probing the effect of straight chain fatty acids on the properties of lead-containing plexiglass
Authors: Zhang Yujuan , Wang Chunhong , Wu Defeng , Guo Xintao , Yu Lei , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2021

By adding saturated straight chain fatty acids into the reaction system of Pb(MAA)2 with MMA, the prepared lead-containing plexiglass possessed excellent optical properties. It may provide key techniques for fabricating γ-ray shielding plexiglasses.
Transfer learning‐based surrogate‐assisted design optimisation of a five‐phase magnet‐shaping PMSM
Authors: Ma Yiming , Wang Jin , Xiao Yang , Zhou Libing , Kang Huilin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMulti‐phase permanent‐magnet synchronous machines (MPMSMs) with high reliability due to sufficient fault‐tolerant capability have considerable potential for transportation electrification applications. Here, an efficient surrogate‐assisted design optimisation method is proposed based on analytical model transfer learning for torque characteristic optimisation of a five‐phase magnet‐shaping PMSM. By employing transfer learning of the source domain analytical model data and the target domain finite element analysis (FEA) data in surrogate model training, the proposed method can achieve both high accuracy and high efficiency from the merits of FEA‐ and analytical‐based optimisations, respectively. The studied machine with five‐phases and harmonic injected surface‐mounted PMs to enable harmonic injection for torque capability improvement is introduced and the analytical model is built based on the segmented PM and the complex conformal mapping methods. Besides, the optimal Latin hypercube design (LHD) and Taguchi methods are used to form the source and target domain datasets, respectively, so that data features can be efficiently captured over a wide range of optimisation variables. An optimal design is obtained by multi‐objective optimisation using the trained surrogate model, which is prototyped and measured to validate the proposed method.
High‐frequency single‐switch PFC with frequency‐modulation controlled class‐E2 converter
Authors: Zhu Wenqi , Ikari Takayuki , Lovison Giorgio , Inoue Keisuke , Yamagami Shigeharu , Sekiya Hiroo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a single‐switch zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) power‐factor correction converter based on the class‐E converter at 1 MHz switching frequency. A design method for ensuring the ZVS for the entire line‐voltage period is proposed. By visualising the ZVS region in the parameter space, circuit parameters can be easily obtained to achieve the ZVS for the entire line‐voltage period. Additionally, a closed‐loop controller is applied for achieving a high power factor, low total harmonic distortion of the input current and output voltage regulation. The experimental circuit achieved the ZVS in the entire line‐voltage period against load variations. As a result, the implemented converter achieved the same level of power‐conversion efficiency as the 100‐kHz power‐factor correction converters and a high power factor with low total harmonic distortion, which denoted the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Dynamical analysis of clusters of galaxies from cosmological simulations
Authors: Aguirre Tagliaferro T. , Biviano A. , De Lucia G. , Munari E. , Garcia Lambas D. 
Published: June 2021

Context. Studies of cluster mass and velocity anisotropy profiles are useful tests of dark matter models and of the assembly history of clusters of galaxies. These studies might be affected by unknown systematics caused by projection effects.
Aims. We aim to test observational methods for the determination of mass and velocity anisotropy profiles of clusters of galaxies. Particularly, we focus on the MAMPOSSt technique
Methods. We used results from two semi-analytic models of galaxy formation, coupled with high-resolution N-body cosmological simulations, the DLB07 catalog, and the FIRE catalog based on the new GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly model. We tested the reliability of the Jeans equation in recovering the true mass profile when full projected phase-space information is available. We examined the reliability of the MAMPOSSt method in estimating the true mass and velocity anisotropy profiles of the simulated halos when only projected phase-space information is available, as in observations.
Results. The spherical Jeans equation provides a reliable tool to determine cluster mass profiles, both when considering the whole population of cluster galaxies, and when considering subsamples of tracers separated by galaxy color; the exception to this is for the central region, where deviations may be attributed to dynamical friction effects or galaxy mergers. The results are equally good for prolate and oblate clusters. Using only projected phase-space information, MAMPOSSt provides estimates of the mass profile with a standard deviation of 35–69% and a negative bias of 7–17%, nearly independent of radius, which we attribute to the presence of interlopers in the projected samples. The bias changes sign; that is, the mass is over-estimated, for prolate clusters with their major axis aligned along the line of sight. The MAMPOSSt method measures the velocity anisotropy profiles accurately in the inner cluster regions and there is a slight overestimate in the outer regions for the whole sample of observationally identified cluster members, and, separately, for red and blue galaxies.
The New Generation Planetary Population Synthesis (NGPPS)
Authors: Burn R. , Schlecker M. , Mordasini C. , Emsenhuber A. , Alibert Y. , Henning T. , Klahr H. , Benz W. 
Published: June 2021

Context.Previous theoretical works on planet formation around low-mass stars have often been limited to large planets and individual systems. As current surveys routinely detect planets down to terrestrial size in these systems, models have shifted toward a more holistic approach that reflects their diverse architectures.Aims.Here, we investigate planet formation around low-mass stars and identify differences in the statistical distribution of modeled planets. We compare the synthetic planet populations to observed exoplanets and we discuss the identified trends.Methods.We used the Generation III Bern global model of planet formation and evolution to calculate synthetic populations, while varying the central star from Solar-like stars to ultra-late M dwarfs. This model includes planetary migration,N-body interactions between embryos, accretion of planetesimals and gas, and the long-term contraction and loss of the gaseous atmospheres.Results.We find that temperate, Earth-sized planets are most frequent around early M dwarfs (0.3M⊙–0.5M⊙) and that they are more rare for Solar-type stars and late M dwarfs. The planetary mass distribution does not linearly scale with the disk mass. The reason behind this is attributed to the emergence of giant planets forM⋆≥ 0.5M⊙, which leads to the ejection of smaller planets. Given a linear scaling of the disk mass with stellar mass, the formation of Earth-like planets is limited by the available amount of solids for ultra-late M dwarfs. ForM⋆≥ 0.3M⊙, however, there is sufficient mass in the majority of systems, leading to a similar amount of Exo-Earths going from M to G dwarfs. In contrast, the number of super-Earths and larger planets increases monotonically with stellar mass. We further identify a regime of disk parameters that reproduces observed M-dwarf systems such as TRAPPIST-1. However, giant planets around late M dwarfs, such as GJ 3512b, only form when type I migration is substantially reduced.Conclusions.We are able to quantify the stellar mass dependence of multi-planet systems using global simulations of planet formation and evolution. The results fare well in comparison to current observational data and predict trends that can be tested with future observations.
Eight more low luminosity globular clusters in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Authors: Minniti D. , Gómez M. , Alonso-García J. , Saito R. K. , Garro E. R. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy is merging with the Milky Way, and the study of its globular clusters (GCs) is important to understand the history and outcome of this ongoing process.
Aims. Our main goal is to characterize the GC system of the Sgr dwarf galaxy. This task is hampered by high foreground stellar contamination, mostly from the Galactic bulge.
Methods. We performed a GC search specifically tailored to find new GC members within the main body of this dwarf galaxy using the combined data of the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Extended Survey near-infrared survey and the Gaia Early Data Release 3 optical database.
Results. We applied proper motion cuts to discard foreground bulge and disk stars, and we found a number of GC candidates in the main body of the Sgr dwarf galaxy. We selected the best GCs as those objects that have significant overdensities above the stellar background of the Sgr galaxy and that possess color-magnitude diagrams with well-defined red giant branches consistent with the distance and reddening of this galaxy.
Conclusions. We discover eight new GC members of the Sgr galaxy, which adds up to 29 total GCs known in this dwarf galaxy. This total number of GCs shows that the Sgr dwarf galaxy hosts a rather rich GC system. Most of the new GCs appear to be predominantly metal-rich and have low luminosity. In addition, we identify ten other GC candidates that are more uncertain and need more data for proper confirmation.
State-of-the-Art-Bildgebung des Rektumkarzinoms
Authors: Schäfer Arnd-Oliver 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Rektumkarzinom zählt zu den aggressiven Krebsarten, da es zur Ausbildung von Metastasen und Rezidiven neigt. Vor diesem Hintergrund entstand das Konzept der risikoadaptierten Patientenselektion zu multimodalen Therapien. Das Portfolio der Auswahlkriterien wird durch die differenzierte Analyse neuester Daten kontinuierlich angepasst, wobei die spezialisierte MRT als Gatekeeper im Zentrum der Therapieentscheidung steht.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol in Emergency Laparotomy: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Kumar Navin , Huda Farhanul , Payal Yashwant Singh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction There is established evidence on the role of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in elective surgeries but its effectiveness in emergency surgeries has been nominally studied. We aimed at studying the feasibility and effectiveness of ERAS protocols in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery for intestinal perforation and small bowel obstruction and compare their surgical outcomes with conventional care.
Materials and methods This prospective randomized study was performed for a period of 16 months. A total of 100 patients presenting either with intestinal perforation or acute small bowel obstruction were recruited; 50 each in the ERAS and the conventional care groups. The primary outcomes studied were the postoperative length of stay and 30-day morbidity and mortality.
Results It was seen that the median (interquartile range) of the duration of hospital stay in the ERAS group was 4 (1) days while it was 7 (3) days in the conventional care group, which was statistically significant (W = 323.000, p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, postoperative morbidities like a chest infection and surgical site infections) were significant in the conventional care group.
Conclusion The ERAS protocols are safe and effective in emergency surgeries and result in a better postoperative outcome.
Open Appendicectomy under Spinal Anesthesia—A Valuable Alternative during COVID-19
Authors: Mai Dinh Van Chi , Sagar Alex , Claydon Oliver , Park Ji Young , Tapuria Niteen , Keeler Barrie D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction Concerns relating to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and general anesthesia (GA) prompted our department to consider that open appendicectomy under spinal anesthesia (SA) avoids aerosolization from intubation and laparoscopy. While common in developing nations, it is unusual in the United Kingdom. We present the first United Kingdom case series and discuss its potential role during and after this pandemic.
Methods We prospectively studied patients with appendicitis at a British district general hospital who were unsuitable for conservative management and consequently underwent open appendicectomy under SA. We also reviewed patient satisfaction after 30 days. This ran for 5 weeks from March 25th, 2020 until the surgical department reverted to the laparoscopic appendicectomy as the standard of care. Main outcomes were 30-day complication rates and patient satisfaction.
Results None of the included seven patients were COVID positive. The majority (four-sevenths) had complicated appendicitis. There were no major adverse (Clavien-Dindo grade III to V) postoperative events. Two patients suffered minor postoperative complications. Two experienced intraoperative pain. Mean operative time was 44 minutes. Median length of stay and return to activity was 1 and 14 days, respectively. Although four stated preference in hindsight for GA, the majority (five-sevenths) were satisfied with the operative experience under SA.
Discussion Although contraindications, risk of pain, and specific complications may be limiting, our series demonstrates open appendicectomy under SA to be safe and feasible in the United Kingdom. The technique could be a valuable contingency for COVID-suspected cases and patients with high-risk respiratory disease.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the race to trace: contact tracing scale-up in San Francisco—early lessons learned
Authors: Reid Michael , Enanoria Wayne , Stoltey Juliet , Philip Susan , Fuchs Jonathan , Lockwood Amy , Krueger Elizabeth , White Karen , Celentano Jessica , Rutherford George , Scheer Susan , Nguyen Trang , Sachdev Darpun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn order to effectively control spread of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), it is essential that jurisdictions have the capacity to rapidly trace close contacts of each and every case. Best practice guidance on how to implement such programs is urgently needed. We describe the early experience in the City and County of San Francisco (CCSF), where the City’s Department of Health expanded contact tracing capability in anticipation of changes in San Francisco’s ‘shelter in place’ order between April and June 2020. Important prerequisites to successful scale-up included a rapid expansion of the COVID-19 response workforce, expansion of testing capability, and other containment resources. San Francisco’s scale-up offers a model for how other jurisdictions can rapidly mobilize a workforce. We underscore the importance of an efficient digital case management system, effective training, and expansion of supportive service programs for those in quarantine or isolation, and metrics to ensure continuous performance improvement.