bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy Regulates Ferroptosis‐Mediated Diabetic Liver Injury by Modulating the Degradation of ACSL4
Authors: Wu Liangxiu , Lai Weicheng , Li Lanlan , Yang Sen , Li Fengjuan , Yang Chen , Gong Xiaobing , Wu Liangyan 
Published: December 2024

Background: Diabetic liver injury is a serious complication due to the lack of effective treatments and the unclear pathogenesis. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death involving reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO), is closely linked to autophagy and diabetic complications. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the role of autophagy in regulating ferroptosis by modulating the degradation of acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4) in diabetic hepatocytes and its potential impact on diabetic liver injury.Methods: Initially, ferroptosis and autophagy were assessed in liver tissues from streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats and in palmitic acid (PA)–treated LO2 cells. Subsequently, the study focused on elucidating the regulatory role of autophagy in mediating ferroptosis through the modulation of ACSL4 expression in PA‐treated LO2 cells.Results: The results demonstrated that ACSL4‐mediated ferroptosis and inhibition of autophagy were observed in diabetic hepatocytes in vivo and in PA‐treated LO2 cells. Additionally, the ferroptosis inhibitor was able to mitigate the PA‐induced cell death in LO2 cells. Mechanistically, the stability and expression level of the ACSL4 protein were upregulated and primarily degraded via the autophagy‐lysosome pathway in PA‐treated LO2 cells. The use of the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and the inducer rapamycin further demonstrated that autophagy regulated ferroptosis by mediating ACSL4 degradation, highlighting its critical role in diabetic liver injury.Conclusions: These results elucidate the roles of ferroptosis, autophagy, and their interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic liver injury, offering potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, they shed light on the pathogenesis of ferroptosis and other diabetic complications.
The Evaluation of Ocular Posterior Segment Findings in 5527 Term Infants Using Smartphone‐Based Fundus Imaging
Authors: Acar Damla Erginturk , Ozgur Armagan 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the two‐year fundus examination outcomes of term infants undergoing eye screening.Methods: Retrospective review of our data of term infants at a tertiary care center (Ankara Bilkent City Hospital) from October 2021 to October 2023. All screened infants underwent red reflex test and dilated posterior segment examination. Abnormal ocular findings were documented using smartphone‐based imaging system.Results: A total of 5527 full‐term babies were enrolled to the study. Abnormal ocular findings were observed in 1031 newborns (18.6%), the most common of which were retinal white lesions in the peripheral retina (13%) (n = 720) and posterior segment hemorrhages (4.3%) (n = 243). Other findings included congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (n = 14), choroidal nevus (n = 11), idiopathic peripheral retinal scar (n = 9), chorioretinal coloboma (n = 6), optic nerve coloboma (n = 4), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (n = 4), optic nerve large cup (n = 2), optic nerve hypoplasia (n = 2), retinal calcification (n = 2), optic nerve pit (n = 2), morning glory disc anomaly (n = 1), vascular loop on the optic disc (n = 1), retinoblastoma (n = 1), X‐linked retinoschisis (n = 1), congenital toxoplasmosis (n = 1), thread‐shaped white lesion (n = 1), combined hamartoma of the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (n = 1), foveal hypoplasia (n = 1), retinal dystrophy (n = 1), and astrocytic hamartoma (n = 1).Conclusions: Detailed eye examinations of term infants can reveal a range of ocular and/or systemic abnormalities that would not be caught through pupillary red reflex test. Smartphone‐based fundus imaging is a simple and effective method for documenting findings.
Clinical Radiologic Analysis of 2964 Papillary Breast Lesions
Authors: Zhang Hanyu , Hu Anbang , Li Yanling , Li Mingcui , Rong Zhiyuan , Cheng Weilun , Liu Yansong , Duan Yunqiang , Feng Jianyuan , Chen Ziang , Yu Tianshui , Zhang Jiarui , Wang Ting , Shang Yuhang , Fang Zhengbo , Liu Jiangwei , Kong Fanjing , Ma Fei , Guo Baoliang 
Published: December 2024

Background: Clinical management of papillary breast lesions (PBLs) remains controversial. Our objective was to analyze the independent risk factors associated with malignant PBLs.Methods: A retrospective review of clinical variables in 2964 patients with papillary lesions available for evaluation.Results: This retrospective study screened that older patients (≥ 50 years), postmenopausal, palpable tumor, tumor size ≥ 15 mm, peripheral tumor, and tumor with calcification were independent risk factors affecting malignant PBLs. Moreover, the probability of malignant PBLs without the appealed risk factors was only 3.4%.Conclusions: Patients without risk factors for papillary lesions can manage their health with imaging surveillance. The choice of surgical treatment for the remaining patients is a reasonable recommendation.
Platonic Asceticism in Philo of Alexandria’s Contemplative Practice
Authors: Mackie Scott D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Though Philo of Alexandria’s ascetic beliefs and practices often have been noted, a focused assessment of the Platonic influences on his contemplative asceticism has yet to be offered. While addressing that shortcoming, this essay identifies a number of key Platonic themes. Like Plato’s Socrates, Philo is capable of expressing a range of opinions concerning embodied existence and the roles of body and soul in noetic contemplation. Though generally pursuing a path of moderation, the rigorous demands of noetic contemplation necessarily call for extreme and austere praxes, as well as vigorous effort. Philo’s belief that the suppression of the bodily senses affords the expression of the spiritual senses also is Platonic in origin, as is his oft-stated conviction that the contemplative’s diminished desire for bodily pleasure is a natural consequence of a more powerful, innate attraction to the Forms and the noetic realm. A final and perhaps most important Socratic influence is detected in the esoteric meditative techniques Philo uses to effect the out-of-body experiences that afford mystical contemplation.
The Genocide Case against Israel: from the Victim’s Side to the Defendant’s Bench?
Authors: Atadjanov Rustam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article presents a scholarly analysis of the United Nations International Court of Justice’s (icj) preliminary rulings issued in January, March, and May 2024 regarding South Africa’s genocide case against Israel, initiated in December 2023. The study critically examines these initial rulings, identifying the compelling arguments presented by the Court and comparing it to some other recent cases such as Nicaragua v. Germany. Employing a legal analytical methodology, the piece argues for the significant judicial implications of the icj’s preliminary findings and offers a tentative forecast for the expected main judgment. It further delves into the proper qualification of the crime of genocide as well as its characterization as a human rights law violation, providing the author’s perspective on the seriousness of the genocide allegations from both sides involved in this critical case. This study contributes to the existing scholarly literature on the Israeli-Hamas War and the broader Israeli–Palestinian conflict, emphasizing judicial aspects and the substantive part of international criminal law, specifically the crime of genocide. It aims to serve as a valuable resource for international law scholars, legal practitioners, academics, and students engaged in the complexities of state and individual criminal responsibility within the context of international law.
An African Agenda: Morocco’s Migration Discourse in the African Union and Its Janus-Faced Migration Diplomacy
Authors: Wissing Ruben 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Since its 2013 National Immigration and Asylum Strategy, Morocco has deployed an intra-African migration discourse of solidarity and human rights. King Mohammed vi was appointed African Union (AU) “champion” on the migration issue and presented the bloc with an African Agenda for Migration.
This paper assesses the protection potential of this agenda for forced migrants. To uncover underlying power and strategic interests, the African Agenda on Migration and Morocco’s accompanying discourse are contextualised in relation to Morocco’s general African policy and its overall migration policy. Also a double discrepancy is examined, between Morocco’s diplomatic stance towards the AU and towards the EU and between its discourse and governance practices.
The paper shows how Morocco skilfully employs migration diplomacy to further its geostrategic objectives at the African continental level, as it does in other international relations. This underpins the conclusion that the Agenda has little potential to improve the protection of forced migrants.
Coronavirus (Covid-19) Pandemic: Effects, Responses and Challenges for Education in Abeokuta, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Thompson Olasupo , Adebiyi Alphonsus , Obi Modupe , Idris Ridwan T. , Olise Lawrence C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study investigated the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on education, the challenges and the responses, in Abeokuta, south-west Nigeria. It adopted the case study design and qualitative method of data collection. It found that the Covid-19 pandemic, exacerbated by the lockdown, affected all stakeholders in the education sector from governments at all levels to pupils. Responses through the provision of palliatives, the introduction of online classes and internet connectivity cost reduction by network providers were less effective than they might have been as a result of certain hindrances, such as poor funding and erratic power supply. The study concluded that stakeholders in the education sector must provide the enabling environment for education to thrive for both learners and teachers in order to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. The study recommends investment in education through adequate funding, setting up early warning systems and the enforcement of child rights acts.
Hydrological Study of Mount Guna, a Shield Volcano on the Ethiopian Plateau
Authors: Birhanu Adugnaw 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This dissertation investigated the hydrology and land cover change of Mount Guna using field data, remote sensing data and modelling. The hydrology of Mt Guna was studied by establishing meteorology, surface and groundwater monitoring stations on Mt Guna. The run-off generation and water balance of Mt Guna was investigated using the WetSpa hydrological model. The groundwater recharge of Mt Guna was investigated using the WetSpass model and the water table fluctuation and chloride mass balance methods. The land cover changes of Mt Guna over a span of 61 years were thoroughly analysed using Google Earth imagery and historical aerial photos using geographically weighted regression.
Policy Recommendations for Enhancing Capabilities of Senegalese Youth Navigating Immobility ChallengesRecommandations Politiques pour Renforcer les Capacités des Jeunes Sénégalais face aux Défis de l’Immobilité
Authors: Debray Alix , Scheerens Charlotte , Sow Ndiémé , Gueye Doudou Dièye , Toma Sorana , Ruyssen Ilse 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This report provides policy recommendations for addressing the socio-economic and mental health challenges of different forms of involuntary immobility faced by Senegalese youth, based on qualitative data from the “Migration Aspiration, Immobility and Wellbeing” workshop held at Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor. The event gathered feedback from young people, practitioners and academics on the complex factors that contribute to the immobility of youth in Casamance, Senegal. Recommendations include promoting local success stories, addressing family pressures, leveraging migrant dynamics, improving access to information and mentoring, and encouraging targeted investments in education and local economic development. The insights reflect a co-creation process, aimed at developing sustainable solutions for young people’s wellbeing and aspirations in Senegal.
Han Feizi and Human Rights
Authors: Chen Nalei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Han Feizi’s philosophy has greatly influenced Chinese politics, but he is commonly perceived in Chinese history as an apologist for tyranny. Can his legalist philosophy be compatible with human rights? In this essay, I take up this interesting question. I argue that Han Feizi’s philosophy could endorse a “political” account of human rights. Han Feizi plans to help the state become orderly and stable. To achieve this goal, the key is the effectiveness of the incentive system and bureaucratic administration, under which people will be incentivized to act in ways that lead to the benefit of state interest. To enable these systems to function fully, there must be certain protections for people, which can be ensured effectively by providing them with rights. Han Feizi’s approach to human rights is different from the Confucian approach and can offer contemporary discussion of human rights new insights from the East Asian perspective.
The Impact of Snowoff Timing and Associated Atmospheric Drivers on the Alaska Wildfire Season
Authors: Bieniek Peter A. , Waigl Christine F. , Bhatt Uma S. , Ballinger Thomas J. , Lader Richard T. , Borries-Strigle Cecilia , Hostler Joshua , Fischer Elizabeth , Burgard Mitchell , Stevens Eric , Strader Heidi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wildfires occur each summer in the boreal forests of Alaska, with an increasing frequency of extreme fire seasons in recent decades. The wildfire season typically begins after the snow melts (i.e., snowoff) in April–May, which is trending toward earlier dates since 1959 (ranging from 2 to 4 days decade−1 over Alaska). This study evaluates snowoff dates in Alaska and related synoptic-scale atmospheric drivers in spring over 1959–2020 to assess possible linkages with the summer wildfire season. Many of the largest fire seasons followed regional snowoff dates in the earliest tercile accounting for 56%–95% of the total historical area burned by the region. Snowoff is best correlated with average daily maximum temperatures during April–May with weaker correlations thereafter. In some years, early snowoff and associated warm temperature anomalies persisted later into the summer influencing fire danger indices. This occurred in many years with the largest area burned. More limited instances of persistent lower precipitation anomalies were also found. The persistent temperature anomalies primarily occurred during El Niño conditions and the positive phase of the east Pacific/North Pacific pattern. Precipitation anomalies were most strongly associated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Blocking high pressure associated with these teleconnections was a likely driving mechanism, particularly for temperature persistence. The results indicated that the snowoff date and concurrent springtime synoptic climate conditions may provide predictability of fire weather conditions during the wildfire season when this persistence occurs. These subseasonal surface–atmosphere linkages could be used to inform wildfire-related seasonal forecasts.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to understand how snowoff timing impacts seasonal wildfire activity in Alaska to inform wildfire-related forecasts needed for operational planning. Snowoff timing was found to directly impact fire weather conditions only during the early season. However, early snowoff was correlated with sustained warm temperature anomalies during several large wildfire years. These conditions were linked with El Niño and other teleconnections. Sustained dry conditions were most strongly associated with wildfire on the North Slope. Our results show that climate conditions during the spring snowoff period may serve as a potential predictor of summer temperature, precipitation, and wildfire in Alaska. These precursor relationships can therefore contribute to improvements in the seasonal prediction of wildfire danger.
Effectiveness of an mHealth Application for Physical Activity Promotion Among Thai Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pomkai Nanthawan , Potharin Danusorn , Widyastari Dyah Anantalia , Kaewpikul Piyakrita , Nilwatta Nattaporn , Chamsukhee Vanapol , Khanawapee Aunyarat , Yousomboon Chutima , Katewongsa Piyawat 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mHealth delivered through LINE application in improving physical activity of older adults. This was a parallel, two-arm, randomized controlled trial, single-blind allocation to experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 91 individuals (46 experimental and 45 control groups) aged 45 years or older, and had internet access. Intervention group received customized activities focused on raising awareness and knowledge provision for 8 weeks. Out of 91 participants, 82 completed the study (41 in each group). Comparison of Mean Difference values within groups found a significant difference at P < .05 (t = 2.294). The experimental group increased their PA by 7.2 min on average, while the control group decreased to 44.1 min. Subgroup that fully complied with the activity process had a significantly higher percentage of adequate PA at P = .01 level ( χ2 = 7.853**). Tailoring activity content to older adults’ diverse lifestyles via a Mobile Health application can effectively boost PA levels by meeting their needs conveniently and quickly. Clinical trial registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) TCTR20240422004.
The efficiency of an explicit approach to improve complex syntax in French-speaking children with developmental language disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Delage Hélène , Stanford Emily , Garnier Pauline , Oriol Emilie , Morin Eléonore 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have persistent language difficulties in complex syntax. To date, few studies have examined the effectiveness of syntactic training focusing on complex grammar, with no existing studies having been done in French. In English, the SHAPE CODING (SC) system, which combines shapes and colors to identify the nature and function of words and sentence types, has been shown to be effective with children and adolescents with DLD. Our study assesses the effectiveness of a French adaptation of the SC methodology on the mastery of three syntactically complex structures: object relatives, accusative clitics and passives. Method We developed a training protocol, inspired by the SC principles, comprised of 13 sessions of 30 minutes, and compared the ability of 18 children with DLD aged 7 to 11 to produce the target structures before and after syntactic training. Three lists of 12 trained sentences were directly trained whereas three untrained (matched) lists were used as a measure of generalization. An untrained structure was used as a control measure. Results Comparison of scores, as measured by dedicated baselines, shows that training results in improved performance for all target structures, whereas no progression is observed on control items (verbal inflexions), which are not trained. More specifically, results show an improvement on sentences directly trained during the protocol, but also on new sentences that contain the same target structures, reflecting the generalization of the production of these structures. Conclusion Findings confirm the effectiveness of an explicit approach in grammar interventions and they provide new perspectives on language therapy dedicated to children with DLD. The implications of the results are also discussed at the individual level.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome who were admitted to the intensive care unit: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Alqahtani Samah , Al-Dorzi Hasan M , Arishi Hatim , Peeran Ahmad , Bin Humaid Felwa , Alenezi Farhan Zayed , Jose Jesna , Sadat Musharaf , Alotaibi Naser , Arabi Yaseen M 
Published: December 2024

Objective To evaluate characteristics and outcomes in critically ill patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Methods Consecutive adults with GBS who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission at a tertiary-care hospital between 1999 and 2020 were enrolled into this retrospective cohort study. Demographics, clinical data and patient outcomes were compared between patients who did or did not receive mechanical ventilation (MV). Results During the study period, the number of ICU admissions gradually rose from approximately 900 to 3000 annually. Forty-three patients had GBS and were included, of whom, 27 (62.8%) received MV for a median of 13 days. The MV group stayed longer in the ICU (median, 26 versus 6 days) and in the hospital (median, 120 versus 39 days) than the non-MV group. Most patients in the MV group (22 [81.5%]) required tracheostomy. At maximum follow-up, Hughes Functional Grading scores were 0 (full recovery) in 11 patients (25.5%), 1–3 in 18 (41.8%), 4–5 in 12 (27.9%), and 6 (death) in two (4.6%, both in the MV group), with higher median Hughes score in the MV group (3 versus 0.5). Complications during ICU and hospital stay included: veinous thromboembolism in five (11.6%), gastrointestinal bleeding in three (7.0%), bacteremia in five (11.6%), bedsore in one (2.3%), and GBS-treatment side effects in four (9.4%) patients; all of these complications occurred within the MV group. Conclusions GBS was an uncommon reason for ICU admission. The findings highlight significant morbidity with GBS, particularly among patients who need MV.
Acute pyelonephritis in adults. Should we adopt the pediatric guidelines?
Authors: Neeman Binyamin B , Kafka Ilan , Mamber Ariel , Natsheh Ala Eldin , Koulikov Dmitry , Jaber Jawdat , Chertin Boris 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: There are no guidelines, what recommend pro or against cystography for identification of VUR for adults who suffer from first episode of pyelonephritis. The aim of this study was to look at incidence of VUR in adults with first episode of pyelonephritis, and to highlight recommendations for possible reflux investigation in these patients. Methods: We have performed retrospective review of all patients who admitted at our department over the last decade with the working diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Following discharge from the department, individuals with no pre-existing urological history were advised to undergo a VCUG or CEVUS. Results: We have identified 76 patients (62 females and 14 males) with an average age of 31.73 years who were hospitalized in our departments between 2006 and 2022. Forty-eight (63%) presented with right pyelonephritis, 26(34%) with left, and 2(3%) had bilateral disease. Of those, 23(30%) patients returned for clinical follow-up after completion of VCUG/CEVUS. Reflux was demonstrated in 14(60%) patients comprising 18 renal refluxing units (RRU). Six had grade IV reflux, 4 grade III, 4 grade II, and 4 grade I respectively. DMSA demonstrated 27.2 ± 11.9% relative function of the reflux kidney. Of those VUR patients, 9(64%) underwent endoscopic correction, 1(7%) refused surgery, and 4(29%) are under clinical follow-up. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate high incidence of VUR in adult patients with acute pyelonephritis patients, therefore VUR investigation at least should be considered in adult patients even after first episode of pyelonephritis, especially in cases where there is evidence of nephronia, abscess, kidney scars, atrophic kidney, or hydronephrosis.