bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of serum and urinary orsomucoid protein A in psoriatic patients and their relation to severity of disease
Authors: Khalid Hesham N. , Abd El Gayed Eman M. , Elrsool Asmaa M. A. , Bazid Heba A. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOrsomucoid protein A (ORM) is a major acute‐phase protein. Serum ORM (se‐ORM) protein A elevates in infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. Urinary ORM (u‐ORM) protein A is more accurate and less invasive marker of inflammation. Elevated u‐ORM was associated with pathomechanism factors related to psoriasis such as endothelial dysfunction; however, the clinical significance of it has not been explored yet.AimTo evaluate se‐ORM/u‐ORM protein A and urinary orsomucoid protein A/urinary creatinine (u‐ORM/u‐CREAT) in patient with psoriasis and their relations to severity of the disease.MethodsThis case‐control study was conducted at Dermatology and Andrology Department; 35 psoriasis patients and 35 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included. They were subjected to history taking and general and dermatological examination. Psoriasis severity was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Measurement of se‐ORM/u‐ORM protein A using ELISA and u‐ORM/u‐CREAT using colorimetric method.ResultsHighly significant difference between psoriasis patients and controls regarding u‐ORM protein A level (p value = 0.01). It was also higher in severe cases than moderate and mild ones and higher in moderate than mild cases (p value 0.001, 0.001, and 0.004, respectively). There were significantly higher u‐ORM/u‐CREAT (p ˂ 0.001) levels in psoriasis patients than in controls. Also, significantly higher U‐ORM/u‐CREAT levels were found in severe psoriasis cases than in mild and moderate cases (p = 0.003 and 0.006, respectively). While the se‐ORM levels showed no significant differences between the studied groups.Conclusionu‐ORM/u‐CREAT is a highly sensitive, easily available, and new inflammatory biomarker of psoriasis which correlates to the disease severity.
Gratitude and patience moderate meaning struggles and suicidal risk in a cross‐sectional study of inpatients at a Christian psychiatric hospital
Authors: Schnitker Sarah A. , Currier Joseph M. , Abernethy Alexis D. , Witvliet Charlotte vanOyen , Foster Joshua D. , Root Luna Lindsey M. , VanHarn Karl , Carter Janet 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveSuicidal behavior is a leading cause of injury and death, so research identifying protective factors is essential. Research suggests gratitude and life hardships patience are character strengths that might protect against the deleterious association of struggles with ultimate meaning and suicide risk. However, no studies have evaluated their utility among people experiencing acute/severe mental health concerns.MethodWe tested the protective function of gratitude and life hardships patience with cross‐sectional data from adults (Mage = 31.83 years; SD = 14.84; range = 18–82) hospitalized in a Christian psychiatric inpatient facility (Mstay = 6.37 days, SD = 4.64).ResultsGratitude and life hardships patience moderated the positive relation between meaning struggles and suicide risk. Specifically, gratitude and life hardships patience protected against meaning struggles as a risk factor for suicide through mechanisms separate from ameliorating depressive symptoms.ConclusionsFindings provide initial support for gratitude and patience interventions as an adjunct to standard psychiatric treatment for minimizing suicide risk.
Diary andCATAapproaches: A complementary study assessing Canastra cheese consumption
Authors: Rodrigues Jessica Ferreira , Siman Ingrid Brandemburg , de Oliveira Lorena Eduarda Aparecida , Barcelos Alessandra de Fátima , Arriel Rhaí André , Silva Ramon , da Cruz Adriano Gomes 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study is an extension of a previously research about cheese consumer behavior assessed by diaries (Rodrigues et al. 2020). It comprises an investigation of Diary (performed at home by consumers) and CATA (a traditional sensory method performed at lab) tools assessing Canastra cheese, to compare the results and information obtained from both sensory techniques. Sensory evaluations were performed during 10 days, evaluated every 5 days. Thus, cheeses were assessed with 22, 27, and 32 days of maturation. Diary and CATA provided similar sensory profiles and acceptances over the Canastra cheese consumption, as well as sensory changes related to product maturation. Moreover, the diary method allowed the acquisition of complementary information associated to the real and repeated consumption, such as the consumption context and habits, quantity consumed and food preparation. Results also will guide Canastra cheese producer to plan production, marketing and commercialization strategies.Practical ApplicationThe findings of this study are useful for the sensory field, focusing on consumer‐based methodologies, and on the assessment of real and continued food consumption, complementing the diary application registers in a comparison perspective with a traditional sensory method performed at lab. Moreover, results will help Brazilian artisanal cheese producers to plan production, marketing and commercialization strategies.
Determinants of root system architecture for future‐ready, stress‐resilient crops
Authors: Lombardi Marco , De Gara Laura , Loreto Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClimate change hampers food safety and food security. Crop breeding has been boosting superior quantity traits such as yield, but roots have often been overlooked in spite of their role in the whole plant physiology. New evidence is emerging on the relevance of root system architecture in coping with the environment. Here, we review determinants of root system architecture, mainly based on studies on Arabidopsis, and we discuss how breeding for appropriate root architecture may help obtain plants that are better adapted or resilient to abiotic and biotic stresses, more productive, and more efficient for soil and water use. We also highlight recent advances in phenotyping high‐tech platforms and genotyping techniques that may further help to understand the mechanisms of root development and how roots control relationships between plants and soil. An integrated approach is proposed that combines phenotyping and genotyping information via bioinformatic analyses and reveals genetic control of root system architecture, paving the way for future research on plant breeding.
Knickpoints and crescentic bedform interactions in submarine channels
Authors: Chen Ye , Parsons Daniel R. , Simmons Stephen M. , Williams Rebecca , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. , Hughes Clarke John E. , Stacey Cooper D. , Hage Sophie , Talling Peter J. , Azpiroz‐Zabala Maria , Clare Michael A. , Hizzett Jamie L. , Heijnen Maarten S. , Hunt James E. , Lintern D. Gwyn , Sumner Esther J. , Vellinga Age J. , Vendettuoli Daniela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSubmarine channels deliver globally important volumes of sediments, nutrients, contaminants and organic carbon into the deep sea. Knickpoints are significant topographic features found within numerous submarine channels, which most likely play an important role in channel evolution and the behaviour of the submarine sediment‐laden flows (turbidity currents) that traverse them. Although prior research has linked supercritical turbidity currents to the formation of both knickpoints and smaller crescentic bedforms, the relationship between flows and the dynamics of these seafloor features remains poorly constrained at field‐scale. This study investigates the distribution, variation and interaction of knickpoints and crescentic bedforms along the 44 km long submarine channel system in Bute Inlet, British Columbia. Wavelet analyses on a series of repeated bathymetric surveys reveal that the floor of the submarine channel is composed of a series of knickpoints that have superimposed, higher‐frequency, crescentic bedforms. Individual knickpoints are separated by hundreds to thousands of metres, with the smaller superimposed crescentic bedforms varying in wavelengths fromca16 m toca128 m through the channel system. Knickpoint migration is driven by the passage of frequent turbidity currents, and acts to redistribute and reorganize the crescentic bedforms. Direct measurements of turbidity currents indicate the seafloor reorganization caused by knickpoint migration can modify the flow field and, in turn, control the location and morphometry of crescentic bedforms. A transect of sediment cores obtained across one of the knickpoints show sand–mud laminations of deposits with higher aggradation rates in regions just downstream of the knickpoint. The interactions between flows, knickpoints and bedforms that are documented here are important because they likely dominate the character of preserved submarine channel‐bed deposits.
Associations between veteran encounters with suicide prevention team and suicide‐related outcomes
Authors: Doran Neal , Bismark Andrew , Khalifian Chandra , Mishra Jyoti , De Peralta Sharon , Martis Brian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveSuicide rates have been of increasing concern across the United States, particularly among military veterans. The Veterans Health Administration has initiated multiple suicide prevention initiatives, but little research has examined the impact of these programs. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that more frequent contact with suicide prevention clinicians would predict lower odds of suicidal behavior.MethodRetrospective medical record review was performed for 1364 veterans identified as high risk for suicide during 2012–2018. Logistic regression was used to test whether the number of suicide prevention contacts predicted the odds of suicide attempt, any self‐directed violence, or reactivation of high‐risk status in the next year, accounting for age, sex, length of high‐risk episode, and other mental health contacts.ResultsEach additional suicide prevention coordinator contact was associated with 4%–5% lower odds of suicide attempt, suicidal behavior, and reactivation of high‐risk status in the next year (ps < 0.05). For suicide attempt and self‐directed violence, associations were stronger when considering only initial high‐risk episodes (8%–10% lower odds, ps < 0.05).ConclusionsFindings suggest ongoing support from suicide prevention clinicians can have a significant protective effect. Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms by which this support reduces risk.
Characteristics of coronavirus disease 19 convalescent plasma donors and donations in the New York metropolitan area
Authors: Jain Saagar , Garg Keshav , Tran Sabrina M. , Rask Isabel L. , Tarczon Michael , Nandi Vijay , Kessler Debra A. , Strauss Donna , Sachais Bruce S. , Yazdanbakhsh Karina , Rehmani Shiraz , Luchsinger Larry , Shi Patricia A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundConvalescent plasma (CP) is an important initial treatment in pandemics and the New York (NY) metropolitan area is likely to remain a hotspot for collection and distribution of such units. This study reports characteristics of coronavirus disease 19 CP (CCP) donors and their donations to the New York Blood Center (NYBC).Study design and methodsAll CCP data from our first day of collection on March 26th through July 7th, 2020 are included in this retrospective analysis. Donor and donation data were extracted from NYBC electronic databases. SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing was initially performed by the NY State Department of Health, and later by NYBC using Ortho and Abbott platforms.ResultsCCP donor age and ABO distributions were consistent with reported lower COVID‐19 susceptibility in O blood types. CCP versus whole blood donors had similar on‐site deferrals, but higher post‐donation deferral rates. CCP versus routine plasmapheresis donations had higher vasovagal reactions but similar product rejection rates. Changes in antibody (Ab) test platforms resulted in significant changes in the percent of donors regarded as antibody positive. Donor correlates with higher anti‐spike total Ig S/CO ratios were Hispanic ethnicity, overweight body mass index, and longer symptom duration; and with higher anti‐nucleocapsid IgG S/CO ratios were male gender, older age, Hispanic ethnicity, and fewer days between symptom onset and first donation.DiscussionWe identify donor characteristics not previously reported to correlate with Ab titer. Our analysis should assist with donor outreach strategies, blood center operating logistics, and recruitment of high titer donors.
How COVID‐19 travels in‐ and outside of value chains and then affects the stock market: Evidence from China
Authors: Egger Peter H. , Zhu Jiaqing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe organisation of value chains within and between firms and even countries is an important reason for domestic as well as international travel. Hence, value chains create interdependencies which have to do with economic but also personal interactions between firms and places. The latter means value chains are a springboard for shocks—positive or negative—to travel and other related outcomes. This paper sheds light on how input–output relations in China as one human‐interaction‐intensive activity can help explain spreading patterns of COVID‐19 in the first few months of 2020 in China. We document that COVID‐19 at that time spread more intensively where input–output relations were stronger between cities in China, and this contributed to inducing direct and mediated, indirect effects on the stock market.
Carotid stiffness, intima–media thickness and aortic augmentation index among adults with SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Szeghy Rachel E. , Province Valesha M. , Stute Nina L. , Augenreich Marc A. , Koontz Laurel K. , Stickford Jonathon L. , Stickford Abigail S. L. , Ratchford Stephen M. 
Published: April 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We sought to investigate whether carotid stiffness, carotid intima–media thickness and the aortic augmentation index are altered in young adults 3–4 weeks after contraction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) compared with young healthy adults.
What is the main finding and its importance?
We found that carotid stiffness, Young's modulus and the aortic augmentation index were greater in young adults who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with healthy young adults. These findings provide additional evidence for detrimental effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on young adult vasculature, which might have implications for cardiovascular health.
AbstractContracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been observed to cause decrements in vascular function of young adults. However, less is known about the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on arterial stiffness and structure, which might have additional implications for cardiovascular health. The purpose of this study was to assess the carotid artery stiffness and structure using ultrasound and the aortic augmentation index (AIx) using applanation tonometry in young adults after they tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. We hypothesized that carotid artery stiffness, carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and aortic AIx would be elevated in young adults with SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with healthy young adults. We evaluated 15 young adults (six male and nine female; 20 ± 1 years of age; body mass index, 24 ± 3 kg m−2) 3–4 weeks after a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test result compared with young healthy adults (five male and 10 female; 23 ± 1 years of age; body mass index, 22 ± 2 kg m−2) who were evaluated before the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Carotid stiffness, Young's modulus and cIMT were assessed using ultrasound, whereas aortic AIx and aortic AIx standardized to 75 beats min−1 (AIx@HR75) were assessed from carotid pulse wave analysis using SphygmoCor. Group differences were observed for carotid stiffness (control, 5 ± 1 m s−1; SARS‐CoV‐2, 6 ± 1 m s−1), Young's modulus (control, 396 ± 120 kPa; SARS‐CoV‐2, 576 ± 224 kPa), aortic AIx (control, 3 ± 13%; SARS‐CoV‐2, 13 ± 9%) and aortic AIx@HR75 (control, −3 ± 16%; SARS‐CoV‐2, 10 ± 7%; P < 0.05). However, cIMT was similar between groups (control, 0.42 ± 0.06 mm; SARS‐CoV‐2, 0.44 ± 0.08 mm; P > 0.05). This cross‐sectional analysis revealed higher carotid artery stiffness and aortic stiffness among young adults with SARS‐CoV‐2. These results provide further evidence of cardiovascular impairments among young adults recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which should be considered for cardiovascular complications associated with SARS‐CoV‐2.
A Coupled Spring Forced Bat Searching Algorithm for Energy Resource Management
Authors: Zhang Haopeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Swarm intelligence-based optimization algorithms show great success to solve complex problems with high efficiency. Recently, a novel and heuristic algorithm, Bat searching algorithm (BA) has been proposed. Moreover, numerical evaluation has already demonstrated the better performance of BA compared with other algorithms variations. In this paper, we propose a coupled spring forced BA (SFBA) algorithm by considering that each particle is a spring and is coupled with the optimal solution found so far as the second abstract spring. The synergistic integration of the coupled springs, the bat’s behavior, and swarm intelligence governs and navigates the new algorithm in the searching process. Moreover, the convergence of the SFBA is studied via Jury’s Test. Numerical evaluation is provided for the proposed SFBA algorithm by conducting comparison with other variations of BA in the literature, which indicates that the performance of SFBA surpasses all the listed variations of BA significantly. Moreover, the proposed SFBA is applied so solve a large-scale energy resource management in uncertain environments, and the results are numerically compared with other BA algorithms.
Numerical Analysis of API 5 L X42 and X52 Vintage Pipes With Cracks in Corrosion Defects Using Extended Finite Element Method
Authors: Zhang Xinfang , Lin Meng , Okodi Allan , Tan Leichuan , Leung Juliana Y. , Adeeb Samer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCracks and corrosion in pipelines can occur simultaneously, representing a hybrid defect known as cracks in corrosion (CIC), which is often difficult to model using the available assessment codes or methods. As a result, detailed modeling of CIC has not been studied extensively. In this study, the extended finite element method (XFEM) has been applied to predict the failure pressures of CIC defects in API 5 L Grade X42 and X52 pipes. The pipes were only subjected to internal pressure and the XFEM models were validated using full-scale burst tests available in the literature. Several CIC models with constant total defect depths (55% and 60% of wall thickness) were constructed to investigate the effect of the initial crack depth on the failure pressure. The failure criterion was defined when wall penetration occurred due to crack growth, i.e., the instance the crack reached the innermost element of the pipe wall mesh. It was observed that for shorter cracks, the failure pressure decreased with the increase of the initial crack depth. The results indicated that the CIC defect could be treated as crack-only defects when the initial crack depth exceeded 50% of the total defect depth. However, for longer cracks, the initial crack depth was found to have a negligible effect on the failure pressure, implying that the CIC defect could be treated as either a crack or corrosion utilizing the available assessment methods.
Numerical Simulation of the Flow and Heat Transfer Induced by Corona Discharge Coupling With Electrostatically Forced Vibration
Authors: Tsui Yeng-Yung , Lin Hao-Yu , Wei Ting-Kai , Huang Yu-Jie , Wang Chi-Chuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A thin, flexible plate electrode was adopted to generate both ionic wind and vibration in our previous study. The design contains a metal inductor placed next to the plate electrode so that it is attracted to vibrate by the induced electrostatic force. The resulting flow was used to enhance heat transfer. In this study, a numerical methodology is developed to unveil the flow structure induced by the corona discharge and electrode vibration. The oscillatory movement of the electrode is modeled as a cantilever beam vibrating at its first resonant mode. The electric and flow fields are solved by the finite volume methods (FVMs). It is shown that a jet-like flow is generated by the electric discharge. The oscillatory movement of the jet results in flat temperature profile in comparison with the corona only system. Owing to the unsteady characteristic, the jet strength is less strong than that without vibration. The calculated results are qualitatively in line with the experiments, though some considerable differences exist. It is found that the oscillatory flow brings about lower overall heat transfer effectiveness than that without vibration regardless of the corona voltage. On the contrary, experiments showed that heat transfer is enhanced at low corona voltages where the ionic wind is not so overwhelming. The disagreement is mainly attributed to the two-dimensional (2D) assumption made in the simulation. The experimental arrangement, the corona discharge, and the vortex flows resulted all are three-dimensional (3D). Therefore, 3D calculations become necessary.
Magnetorheological Fluids Based on Star-Shaped and Linear Polydimethylsiloxanes
Authors: Kostrov S. A. , Tikhonov P. A. , Muzafarov A. M. , Kramarenko E. Yu. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMagnetorheological fluids are obtained on the basis of star-shaped and linear PDMS containing 70, 75, and 80 wt % of carbonyl iron microparticles. While pure PDMS polymers are Newtonian fluids, composites exhibit pseudoplasticity. The viscoelastic properties of the obtained magnetorheological fluids of different composition are studied in magnetic fields up to 1 T. The viscosity and storage modulus of the magnetorheological fluids in the maximum magnetic field reach ~0.19–0.65 MPa s and 0.4 MPa, respectively. The relative increase in the viscosity and storage modulus of the magnetorheological fluids based on the star-shaped PDMS with a magnetic filler concentration of 70 wt % in a magnetic field exceeds four orders of magnitude. In the magnetic field, the yield stress of the magnetic composites is as high as 70 kPa at a magnetic field strength of 1 T.