bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of BRCA2 Splicing Variants: A Case Series of Challenging Variant Interpretations and the Importance of Functional RNA Analysis
Authors: Nix Paola , Mundt Erin , Coffee Bradford , Goossen Elizabeth , Warf Bryan M. , Brown Krystal , Bowles Karla , Roa Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA substantial proportion of pathogenic variants associated with an increased risk of hereditary cancer are sequence variants affecting RNA splicing. The classification of these variants can be complex when both non-functional and functional transcripts are produced from the variant allele. We present four BRCA2 splice site variants with complex variant interpretations (BRCA2 c.68-3T>G, c.68-2A>G, c.425G>T, c.8331+2T>C). Evidence supporting a pathogenic classification is available for each variant, including in silico models, absence in population databases, and published functional data. However, comprehensive RNA analysis showed that some functional transcript may be produced by each variant. BRCA2 c.68-3T>G results in a partial splice defect. For BRCA2 c.68-2A>G and c.425G>T, aberrant splicing was shown to produce a potentially functional, in-frame transcript. BRCA2 c.8331+2T>C may utilize a functional GC donor in place of the wild-type GT donor. The severity of cancer history for carriers of these variants was also assessed using a history weighting algorithm and was not consistent with pathogenic controls (carriers of known pathogenic variants in BRCA2). Due to the conflicting evidence, our laboratory classifies these BRCA2 variants as variants of uncertain significance. This highlights the importance of evaluating new and existing evidence to ensure accurate variant classification and appropriate patient care.
Sustained Attention and Working Memory Predict the Number of Days on Health-Related Benefits in the Year Following Occupational Rehabilitation
Authors: Johansen Thomas , Øyeflaten Irene , Eriksen Hege R. , Lyby Peter S. , Dittrich Winand H. , Holsen Inge , Jakobsen Hanne , Del Risco Kollerud Ruby , Jensen Chris 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurpose The objective of this study was to investigate the association between cognitive and emotional functioning and the number of days on health-related benefits such as sick leave, work assessment allowance and disability pension. We investigated whether cognitive and emotional functioning at the start of rehabilitation and the change from the start to the end of rehabilitation predicted the number of days on health-related benefits in the year after occupational rehabilitation. Methods A sample of 317 individuals (age 19–67 years), mainly diagnosed with a musculoskeletal or mental and behavioural ICD-10 disorder, participated. The sample was stratified depending on the benefit status in the year before rehabilitation. Those receiving health-related benefits for the full year comprised the work assessment allowance and disability pension (WAA) group and those receiving benefits for less than a year comprised the sick leave (SL) group. The participants were administered cognitive and emotional computerised tests and work and health questionnaires at the beginning and end of rehabilitation. The cumulative number of days on health-related benefits during 12 months after rehabilitation was the primary outcome variable and age, gender, educational level, subjective health complaints, anxiety, and depression were controlled for in multiple regression analyses. Results The WAA group (n = 179) was significantly impaired at baseline compared to the SL group (n = 135) in focused attention and executive function, and they also scored worse on work and health related variables. Higher baseline scores and change scores from the start to the end of rehabilitation, for sustained attention, were associated with fewer number of health-related benefit days in the WAA group, while higher baseline scores for working memory were associated with fewer number of health-related benefit days in the SL group. Conclusions New knowledge about attention and memory and return to work in individuals with different benefit status may pave the way for more targeted programme interventions. Rehabilitation programmes could benefit from designing interventions that respectively improve sustain attention and working memory related to working life in individuals on sick leave or work assessment allowance and disability pension.
Presupposition, assertion, and definite descriptions
Authors: Elbourne Paul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent work on the semantics of definite descriptions, some theorists (Elbourne in Definite descriptions, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013; Schoubye in Noûs 47(3):496–533, 2013) have advocated broadly Fregean accounts, whereby a definite description ‘theF’ introduces a presupposition to the effect that there is exactly oneFand refers to it if there is, while other theorists (Abbott, in: Gundel, Hedberg (eds) Reference: Interdisciplinary perspectives, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 61–72, 2008; Hawthorne and Manley in The reference book, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012) have advocated accounts whereby ‘theF’ introduces a presupposition to the effect that there is exactly oneFbut otherwise has the semantics of ‘anF’, introducing existential quantification. It is argued that the latter theories, since they have definite descriptions encode assertoric content to the effect that there is anF, have difficulty accounting for the felicity of ‘TheFisG’ when it is already presupposed that there is anF.
Socio-economic Drivers of Food Security among Rural Households in Nigeria: Evidence from Smallholder Maize Farmers
Authors: Ogunniyi Adebayo Isaiah , Omotoso Samuel Opeyemi , Salman Kabir Kayode , Omotayo Abiodun Olusola , Olagunju Kehinde Oluseyi , Aremu Adeyemi Oladapo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIssues relating to food availability, accessibility/affordability, and food utilization remain paramount among different stakeholders such as policymakers and academics. Using data from 250 maize farming households in Nigeria, the study used Foster–Greer–Thorbecke and probit regression model to investigate the factors determining households food security. The food insecurity measure shows that 23.2% points of the households express the incidence of food insecurity while 5.5% points and 1.8% points were found to have depth and severity of food insecurity, respectively. After controlling for households’ socio-economic and demographic characteristics, the probit regression model suggested that, among others, value of output sold, education, credit access and participation in government safety nets program significantly influenced food security among the maize farmers in the study area. Based on our findings, effort should be intensified to enhance the productivity of land through improved production practices. There should be high-level awareness that will increase farmers’ participation in safety net programs. Thus, government at all levels (local, state, and federal) should have adequate budget allocation to this course in order to improve the livelihood outcomes of the farming households.
Level of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 activity is highly elevated in old-aged patients with aortic stenosis: implications for ACE2 as a biomarker for the severity of COVID-19
Authors: Fagyas Miklós , Kertész Attila , Siket Ivetta Mányiné , Bánhegyi Viktor , Kracskó Bertalan , Szegedi Andrea , Szokol Miklós , Vajda Gusztáv , Rácz Ildikó , Gulyás Hajnalka , Szkibák Noémi , Rácz Vivienn , Csanádi Zoltán , Papp Zoltán , Tóth Attila , Sipka Sándor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high mortality in elderly patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. The cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), thereby implicating a link between cardiovascular diseases and SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Aortic stenosis (AS) represents a chronic inflammatory state with severe cardiovascular complications in the elderly, a prime condition for COVID-19 mortality. The circulating ACE2 levels were measured in 111 patients with severe AS and compared to patients with hypertension and healthy individuals. About 4 times higher circulating ACE2 activity was found in patients with severe AS than in hypertensives or healthy individuals (88.3 ± 61.6., n = 111, 20.6 ± 13.4, n = 540, and 16.1 ± 7.4 mU/L, n = 46, respectively). Patients with severe AS were older than patients with hypertension (80 ± 6 years vs. 60 ± 15 years, P < 0.05). Serum ACE2 activity correlated negatively with the left ventricular ejection fraction, aortic root area, TAPSE, and positively with the right ventricular systolic pressure, cardiac diameters in patients with AS. In contrast, circulating ACE2 activity was independent of the blood pressure, peak flow velocity at the aortic root, kidney function (GFR), and inflammatory state (CRP). We found no effect of RAAS inhibitory drugs on the serum ACE2 activity in this group of patients. Our results illustrate circulating ACE2 as a potential interface between chronic inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19 susceptibility. Elderly patients with AS have markedly elevated ACE2 levels together with altered left and right ventricular functions, which may pose higher risks during COVID-19. Our clinical data do not support a role for RAAS inhibitors in regulating circulating ACE2 levels.
Mortality Implications of Increased Active Mobility for a Proposed Regional Transportation Emission Cap-and-Invest Program
Authors: Raifman Matthew , Lambert Kathy Fallon , Levy Jonathan I. , Kinney Patrick L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe transportation sector is now the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the USA. The Transportation Climate Initiative (TCI), a partnership of 12 states and the District of Columbia currently under development, would implement a cap-and-invest program to reduce transportation sector emissions across the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region, including substantial investment in cycling and pedestrian infrastructure. Using outputs from an investment scenario model and the World Health Organization Health Economic Assessment Tool methodology, we estimate the mortality implications of increased active mobility and their monetized value for three different investment allocation scenarios considered by TCI policymakers. We conduct these analyses for all 378 counties in the TCI region. We find that even for the scenario with the smallest investment in active mobility, when it is fully implemented, TCI would result in hundreds of fewer deaths per year across the region, with monetized benefits in the billions of dollars annually. Under all scenarios considered, the monetized benefits from deaths avoided substantially exceed the direct infrastructure costs of investment. We conclude that investing proceeds in active mobility infrastructure is a cost-effective way of reducing mortality, especially in urban areas, providing a strong motivation for investment in modernization of the transportation system and further evidence of the health co-benefits of climate action.
Dual fluoroscopic imaging and CT-based finite element modelling to estimate forces and stresses of grafts in anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction with different femoral tunnels
Authors: Xiao Yang , Ling Ming , Liang Zhenming , Ding Jian , Zhan Shi , Hu Hai , Chen Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Little is known about the in vivo forces and stresses on grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the forces and stresses on grafts used in anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction at different locations of the femoral footprint (anterior vs middle vs posterior; high vs middle vs low) during a lunge motion.

Methods
Establish subject-specific finite element models with different graft’s tunnel loci to represent the primary ACL reconstructions. A displacement controlled finite element method was used to simulate lunge motions (full extension to ~ 100° of flexion) with six-degree-of-freedom knee kinematics data obtained from the validated dual fluoroscopic imaging techniques. The reaction force of the femur and maximal principal stresses of the grafts were subsequently calculated during knee flexion.

Results
Increased and decreased graft forces were observed when the grafts were located higher and lower on the femoral footprint, respectively; anterior and posterior graft placement did not significantly affect the graft force. Lower and posterior graft placement resulted in less stress on the graft at higher degrees of flexion; there were no significant differences in stress when the grafts were placed from 0° to 30° of flexion on the femoral footprint.

Conclusion
The proposed method is able to simulate knee joint motion based on in vivo kinematics. The results demonstrate that posterior to the centre of the femoral footprint is the strategic location for graft placement, and this placement results in anatomical graft behaviour with a low stress state.
Species in the wild: a typology of innovation ecosystems
Authors: Klimas Patrycja , Czakon Wojciech 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive and useful typology of innovation ecosystems. While recent conceptual efforts have been allocated to delineating innovation ecosystems from other phenomena, much less systematic attention has been given to the diversity found within the innovation ecosystem realm. We run a thematic analysis of systematic literature reviews and collect 34 specific types of innovation ecosystems. We expand this list with criteria-derived complementary types and propose a set of 50 distinct innovation ecosystem varieties. Next, we identify the 14 typology criteria used so far in the literature, thematically analyse them and aggregate them into a set useful for further rigorous scrutiny and for the incremental collection of empirical findings. Innovation ecosystems can thus be categorized into (1) life cycle, (2) structure, (3) innovation focus, (4) scope of activities, and (5) performance.
Growth of professional noticing of mathematics teachers: a comparative study of Chinese teachers noticing with different teaching experiences
Authors: Yang Xinrong , König Johannes , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed increasing interest in the study of teacher noticing in mathematics education research; however, little is known about the growth of teacher noticing and how it is influenced by teaching practice. Departing from the expert-novice-paradigm, in this paper we address this research gap by a cross-sectional study that investigates how Chinese mathematics teachers’ noticing is affected by their developmental stage, measured by the length of their teaching experience. The study included 152 pre-service teachers at the end of their initial teacher education, 162 early career teachers with one to five years’ teaching experience, and 123 experienced mathematics teachers with more than 15 years’ teaching experience, who participated in a video-based assessment of their noticing competency conceptualized by the sub-facets of perception, interpretation, and decision-making. Our findings indicate a nearly linear growth in teacher noticing among Chinese mathematics teachers, with significant differences identified between pre-service and experienced teachers and only small differences between pre-service and early career teachers. Analyses using the method of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) further suggest that pre-service and early career teachers demonstrated strengths in aspects more related to reform-oriented or Westernized approaches to mathematics teaching, such as working with open-ended tasks, identifying characteristics of cooperative learning, and mathematical modeling tasks. By contrast, experienced teachers demonstrated strengths in perceiving students’ thinking, evaluating teachers’ behavior, and analyzing students’ mathematical thinking. Our findings further highlight that the three sub-facets of teacher noticing develop differently within the three participating groups of teachers. These findings suggest that teaching experience acts as one influential factor in the development of teacher noticing in the Chinese context.
Parallelization: the Fourth Leg of Cultural Globalization Theory
Authors: Boman Björn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtending Pieterse’s (1996) tripartite cultural globalization theory consisting of homogenization, hybridization and polarization, the current article outlines a set of exemplifications and justifications of a fourth theoretical underpinning labeled parallelization. The theory implies that at a global scale, crucial events that appear paradoxical or contradictory occur at the same time, such as carbon emissions due to growth-fixated global capitalism, while the causes of carbon emissions lead to greater resilience against the consequences of carbon emissions as wealth accumulates. Other examples discussed are large-scale migration flows which lead to increased segregation in host societies while integration of migrants occur as a parallel process; secularization visa-à-vis the resurgence of religions; clear indications of that the biological component of cognitive abilities decreases due to fertility patterns in many locations around the globe, while the IQ test scores have risen as a consequence of various environmental factors.
Predicting Attitudes Towards Transactional Sex: The Interactive Relationship Between Gender and Attitudes on Sexual Behaviour
Authors: Hansen Michael A. , Johansson Isabelle 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
This article explores explanations for attitudes towards the acceptability of transactional sex. The sparse research investigating attitudes towards transactional sex uncovers a link between gender equality, or feminism, and a lack of support for the trade in sex. However, there are no research agendas that attempt to explain variance in attitudes towards transactional sex where support for gender equality is widespread throughout a population.

Methods
We estimate regression models utilizing the 2017 Danish Values Survey (Den Danske Værdiundersøgelse) in order to predict views on the acceptability of transactional sex.

Results
While the trade in sex is legal in Denmark, we find that a majority of respondents hold negative attitudes towards transactional sex, which conveys a lack of congruence between public opinion and policy. Further, gender is a powerful predictor of attitudes towards transactional sex, with women finding it less acceptable. In addition, the analysis uncovers that general attitudes towards sexual behaviour are the largest predictor of views on the acceptability of transactional sex. That being said, we find that men’s views on the acceptability of transactional sex are more of a function of their general attitudes towards sexual behaviour than they are for women.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that, unlike men, women appear to differentiate between their attitudes towards general sexual behaviour and their views on sexual behaviour that they may associate with negative societal implications.
Selection of heat treatment conditions and prevention of secondary microbial contamination of liquid sugar: practical remarks
Authors: Błaszczyk Ilona , Iciek Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to provide practical information on the selection of heat treatment conditions and the prevention of secondary microbial contamination of liquid sugar. The guidelines included in the paper were formulated on the basis of practical experience gained. The most important aspect often refers to the unnoticed cause of secondary contamination of liquid sugar after heat treatment, during its cooling in diaphragm heat exchangers along with the indication of the possibility of elimination of this cause. The article also presents the results of microbiological analysis in the field of heat resistance of microorganisms present in raw juice, obtained from the extractor. The data indicate the difficulty of thermal inactivation of mesophilic and thermophilic spores present in the studied environment. The cited results of microbiological analysis prove the usefulness of the measures to prevent secondary microbial contamination of the finished product.
The Relevance of Metaphysics to Behavior Analysis
Authors: Leslie Julian C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBehavior analysis takes a natural science approach to human and animal behavior. Some basic tenets are widely agreed in the field but it can be argued that some other assumptions are implicit in our approach and, if unexamined, may impair progress. Since the time of David Hume, there has been a strong Western philosophical tradition of naturalism and realism. Although behavior analysis has from the outset embraced pragmatism, features of naturalism are embedded in the metaphysics of science and thus have been imported into behavior analysis. Many versions of naturalism imply dualism, but this can be avoided without abandoning a naturalist–realist position either by adopting the historicist approach of Rorty, which suggests that apparently a priori truths are often merely conventions of a philosophical tradition, or by accepting Wittgenstein’s view that there are hinge statements that are fundamental to our thinking but are not propositional beliefs and do not entail dualism. As an alternative, we can adopt the metaphysical assumptions of monism, possibly starting from William James’s approach of neutral monism. Revising our metaphysical assumptions while retaining the pragmatism that is central to behavior analysis may enable us to engage more effectively with cognitive psychology, to develop stronger links with ecological psychology and other approaches that reject representationalism, and to move beyond the debate about the status of private events.
Phase Shift Strategies in Phase Shifting Time Averaging Interferometry
Authors: Styk A. , Dziubecka - Bala H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractClassical time-averaging interferometry technique is widely used for MEMS/MOEMS dynamic behavior investigations. It provides useful information on resonant vibration frequencies and mode shapes in the form of Bessel fringe images. To evaluate the information on objects’ vibration amplitude distribution, one needs to further process Bessel fringe images (besselograms). Among different available approaches to besselograms processing, Temporal Phase Shifting is of particular interest since it provides the most accurate results. However, it requires an additional cumbersome correction routine via specially designed look-up-tables fitted to the calculation algorithm used. In this paper, we numerically investigate the possibility of reducing Bessel images argument (phase) evaluation error by different phase shifting strategies. Two different 5 step algorithms are investigated for that purpose. Additionally, a quick and robust correction procedure based on evaluated phase distribution is presented. It allows us to speed up the calculations significantly. Moreover, such an approach is much less susceptible to noise in comparison to a look-up-table solution.