bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous leaching of rare earth elements and phosphorus from a Chinese phosphate ore using H3PO4
Authors: Li Zhili , Xie Zhihao , He Dongsheng , Deng Jie , Zhao Hengqin , Li Hongqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although phosphate rock has been considered as a potential new rare earth elements (REEs) resource, the recovery of REEs from phosphate rock is impeded by technical challenges and cost issues. This study investigated the effects of operation conditions on the leaching efficiencies of REEs and phosphorus from Zhijin phosphate ore, a large phosphate deposit in China. The leaching process overtime was also studied by chemical analysis, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the REEs from Zhijin phosphate ore were mainly present in fluorapatite and dolomite, and REEs had similar trends of leaching efficiency to those of phosphorus and magnesium. Under the conditions of 25 wt% phosphoric acid concentration in the initial pulp, a weight ratio of liquid to solid of 12 mL/g, a temperature of 60°C, an agitation speed of 220 rpm, and leaching time of 120 min, REEs and phosphorus leaching efficiencies of 97.8% and 99.7% were obtained. Most parts of dissoluble substances were decomposed within 30 min. Chemical analysis, SEM-EDS, and XRD results indicated that leaching efficiencies of minerals in Zhijin phosphate ore increased following the order: quartz, aluminosilicate, pyrite, fluorapatite, dolomite, and calcite.
Virtual Reality in Healthcare Skills Training: The Effects of Presence on Acceptance and Increase of Knowledge
Authors: Plotzky Christian , Lindwedel Ulrike , Bejan Alexander , König Peter , Kunze Christophe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With an ever-increasing need of skilled healthcare workers, efficient learning methods like Virtual Reality (VR) are becoming increasingly important. We developed and tested a VR simulation for endotracheal suctioning.
The aim of this pilot study was to examine the VR simulation’s acceptance and increase of knowledge among participants. Furthermore, the effects of presence on acceptance and increase of knowledge were investigated.
A total of 51 students participated in the pilot study, using a quasi-experimental pre-post-test design. A modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ) were used. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. Pre- and post-tests showed a significant increase of knowledge (p < 0.001). The correlation between presence and behavioural intention was highly positive (r = 0.52, p < 0.001).
Performance and effort expectancy are dominant effects on behavioural intention of using the VR simulation as an educational tool. The results indicate that a simulation which conveys a higher sense of presence is more likely to be accepted by learners. Regarding outcomes of presence on increase of knowledge, we found no significant correlation. Based on our study, we propose a design for a future mixed reality simulation with haptic elements and a plan on how to assess skills improvement.
Effect of coating parameters on microstructure, corrosion behavior, hardness and formability of hot-dip Galfan and galvanized coatings
Authors: Khezrloo Amirreza , Rezazadeh Farshid , Rajaee Mohammad , Tayebi Morteza , Aghaie Ermia , Behnamian Yashar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the current study, zinc–aluminum (Galfan) and zinc (galvanized) coatings were coated on steel sheets using the hot-dip technique. The effect of process parameters on the microstructure, corrosion behavior, hardness, and formability of the coatings was assessed. The results demonstrated that both the corrosion area and corrosion rate of the galvanized coatings were reduced by increasing the immersion time. In contrast, the process temperature did not affect the corrosion behavior. Furthermore, by prolonging the dipping time, the hardness of the coatings decreased. The Galfan coatings showed higher formability and the superiority of mechanical and corrosion properties of Galfan coatings over conventional galvanized coatings was indicated.
On characterizing solution for multi-objective fractional two-stage solid transportation problem under fuzzy environment
Authors: Khalifa Hamiden Abd El-Wahed , Kumar Pavan , Alharbi Majed. G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article attempts to study cost minimizing multi-objective fractional solid transportation problem with fuzzy cost coefficients

c
˜

i
j
k

r

{\tilde{c}}_{ijk}^{r}

, fuzzy supply quantities

a
˜

i

{\tilde{a}}_{i}

, fuzzy demands

b
˜

j

{\tilde{b}}_{j}

, and/or fuzzy conveyances

e
˜

k

{\tilde{e}}_{k}

. The fuzzy efficient concept is introduced in which the crisp efficient solution is extended. A necessary and sufficient condition for the solution is established. Fuzzy geometric programming approach is applied to solve the crisp problem by defining membership function so as to obtain the optimal compromise solution of a multi-objective two-stage problem. A linear membership function for the objective function is defined. The stability set of the first kind is defined and determined. A numerical example is given for illustration and to check the validity of the proposed approach.
EDFA gain flattening optimization with long period fiber gratings in WDM system
Authors: Gandhi Divyangna , Gupta Shilpi , Gambhir Monika 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper highlights a proposed optimized gain flatness technique for nonuniform gain spectrum of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) by introduction of long period fiber gratings (LPFG). In this analysis, EDFA gain spectrum has been evaluated between 1525 and 1600 nm with −20 dBm input signal power. Attenuation peaks of LPFG are optimized with a grating period of 240 µm and grating length of 30000 µm in the wavelength range of 1.1–1.8 μm, to compensate the peak gain of EDFA. Results have shown that EDFA peak gain of 35.94 dB is achieved at 1532.89 nm wavelength. This 35.94 dB peak gain is flattened up to 2.65 dB using long period fiber gratings. Also, less than ±0.3 dB gain flatness is achieved between 1528 and 1560 nm wavelength. The proposed less complex technique can be used to modify the grating parameters during fabrication in order to produce the loss peak at desired wavelength, which is efficient to flatten EDFA gain peak.
Different clinical entities of the same mutation: a case report of three sisters with Wolfram syndrome and efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy
Authors: Tarcin Gurkan , Turan Hande , Dagdeviren Cakir Aydilek , Ozer Yavuz , Aykut Ayca , Alpman Durmaz Asude , Ercan Oya , Evliyaoglu Olcay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rarely seen autosomal recessive multisystem neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the WFS1 gene.

Case Presentation
Three sisters with WS had diabetes mellitus (DM) at 4 years of age and optic atrophy. In addition, the first case had hearing impairment, and the second case had diabetes insipidus and urinary incontinence. Linagliptin was administered to the first case as add-on therapy to intensive insulin treatment 15 years after the onset of DM, and her insulin need showed a dramatic decrease. The third case had a remission phase one month after the onset of DM.

Conclusions
Even in cases with the same mutation, symptoms and findings may widely vary in WS. Remission of diabetes has rarely been reported in WS. Also, this report describes the first trial of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in a patient with WS which provided a decrease in exogenous insulin need.
Delivery factors and neonatal thyroid hormone levels: a systematic review
Authors: Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Nazarpour Sima 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Postnatal thyroid hormone changes enable the neonate to be adapted for postnatal life. Several factors can affect this adaption. In this review, we summarized the studies that reported the association among the delivery factors and neonatal thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to March 2020, to identify the studies investigating the relationship between delivery factors, especially the mode of delivery and labor pain, and neonatal thyroid hormones and TSH. Finally, in this review study, of 157 articles obtained in the initial search, 25 eligible studies were reviewed. Various maternal, fetal/neonatal, and obstetric factors affected neonatal TSH and thyroid hormones. Among various influencing factors, mode of delivery, labor pains, and duration of labor have a strong relationship with neonatal thyroid hormones and need to be considered for interpretation of neonatal thyroid status. The majority of the studies revealed that vaginal deliveries (instrumental or natural) lead to higher levels of cord TSH compared to elective cesarean section. This can be explained by the increased secretion of catecholamine during labor. It has been suggested that blood TSH and thyroid hormone levels are affected by perinatal stress events such as maternal anxiety, labor pains, fetal distress, and other stimulants of the catecholamine response. These changes may act as the trigger to increase thyroid hormone levels for adapting of neonates in the first hours after birth. This assumption needs to be re-evaluated by performing comprehensive and well-designed studies.
Streptomerocyanine dyes
Authors: Mustroph Heinz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dyes synthesized by condensation of e. g. 4-N,N-dialkylaminobenzaldehydes, 5-N,N-dialkylamino-2-thiophenaldehydes or 5-N,N-dialkylamino-2-furaldehydes, with open chain active methylene compounds have been given the labels merocyanine, neutrocyanine, methine or styryl dyes. All these classifications are misnomers. In terms of systematic nomenclature, their proper classification is as streptomerocyanine dyes. They are used in textile coloration and in dye diffusion thermal transfer printing (D2T2). Furthermore, they have been investigated for their potential as sensitizer dyes in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and for photorefractive applications.
Polyoxadiazoles as proton exchange membranes for fuel cell application
Authors: Kobzar Yaroslav , Fatyeyeva Kateryna , Chappey Corinne , Désilles Nicolas , Marais Stéphane 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The number of researches on the ion exchange membrane has increased considerably in recent years showing interest in fuel cell technology for the automobile and portable applications. The most promising fuel cell technology for low-temperature operation (80 °C < T < 150 °C) uses a polymer membrane separating the anode and cathode compartments in an electrochemical cell. Polyoxadiazoles (PODs) belong to a class of heterocyclic polymers, which possess a number of unique properties, such as thermal, mechanical, and chemical resistance. In the present review, numerous ways of POD synthesis are discussed in relation to their functional properties. In addition, different approaches to the elaboration of POD-based composite membranes are discussed in details in order to reveal the structure/properties relationship.
Begräbnisdichtung im russischen Barock: Simeon Polockijs Threnodien
Authors: Klein Joachim 
Published: April 2021

Summary
This article is about Simeon Polotskii’s voluminous lament of 1669 about the death of Mariia Il’inichna, the wife of tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich. The lament is analysed as a specimen of baroque court poetry and as a poetic cycle. Special attention is paid to its religious content. What are the lament’s principal ideas about death and the afterlife? How does it treat the central motif of contemptus mundi, the Christian contempt of life on earth? And how does it relate to the religious tenets of the Orthodox Church?
Diversity and divergence in bilingual acquisition
Authors: Meisel Jürgen M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBilingual settings are perceived as exemplary cases of linguistic diversity, and they are assumed to trigger cross-linguistic interaction. The rationale underlying this assumption is the belief that when more than one language is processed in a brain, this will inevitably affect the way in which linguistic knowledge is acquired, stored and used. However, this idea stands in conflict with results obtained by research on children acquiring two (or more) languages simultaneously. They have been demonstrated to be able to differentiate languages from early on and to develop competences qualitatively identical to those of monolinguals. These studies thus provide little evidence supporting the idea that bilingualism must lead to divergent grammatical development.The question then is what triggers alterations of bilinguals’ grammars, especially of the syntactic core, possibly resulting in non-native competences. This has been claimed to occur in the acquisition of second languages, weaker languages of simultaneous bilinguals, or heritage languages. These acquisition types differ from first language development in that onset of acquisition of one language is delayed or that the amount of exposure to one language is reduced. I will argue that age at onset and severely reduced amount of exposure are potential causal factors triggering divergent developments, whereas bilingualism on its own is not a sufficient cause of divergence.
Thermodynamic and kinetic approach of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using nano-catalysts
Authors: Noreen Saima , Sahar Iqra , Masood Nasir , Iqbal Munawar , Zahid Muhammad , Nisar Jan , Khan Muhammad I. , Nazir Arif 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study focusses on the production of biodiesel by reacting the heterogeneous based nano-catalysts with used cooking oil in the presence of methanol. The CZO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized by different techniques. Biodiesel was characterized by the gas chromatograph (GC) and Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Optimum conditions for the maximum biodiesel yield (90%) were 0.2% (w/w) catalyst dose, 3:1 methanol to oil ratio, 50 °C reaction temperature, 150 min reaction time and 136 rpm stirring speed. The kinetic modeling and the thermodynamic factors like enthalpy (ΔH), activation energy (Ea), entropy (ΔS) and free energy (ΔG) were operated on all the data. Mean and standard deviation was used for analysis of data. The results indicate the maximum biodiesel yield under the optimum reaction conditions, which is promising to reduce the pollution such as air pollution and greenhouse effect for sustainable environmetal development.
Strukturierung eines Montagesystems bei Fertigungszeitspreizung
Authors: Daferner Martin , Mesenhöller Erik , Schmidt Thorsten 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Die Beherrschung von Fertigungszeitspreizung bei gleichzeitiger Steigerung des Nutzungsgrades und Einhaltung der Reihenfolge sind die Gestaltungsmerkmale eines Montagesystems für kundenindividuelle Produkte bei Großserienfertigung. Deren Umsetzung leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag in der Strategie eines Premium-Automobilunternehmens. Der Aufsatz diskutiert Zusammenhänge ausgewählter Stellgrößen in einem sinnvollen Suchraum und stellt diese in Sensitivätsgraphen dar. Dabei wird zunächst ein reines Fließsystem ohne Standarbeitsplätze betrachtet.**
Hyperexcitability and Loss of Feedforward Inhibition Contribute to Aberrant Plasticity in theFmr1KO Amygdala
Authors: Svalina Matthew N. , Guthman E. Mae , Cea-Del Rio Christian A. , Kushner J. Keenan , Baca Serapio M. , Restrepo Diego , Huntsman Molly M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and anxiety disorders. The disruption in the function of theFMR1gene results in a range of alterations in cellular and synaptic function. Previous studies have identified dynamic alterations in inhibitory neurotransmission in early postnatal development in the amygdala of the mouse model of FXS. However, little is known about how these changes alter microcircuit development and plasticity in the lateral amygdala (LA). Using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, we demonstrate that principal neurons (PNs) in the LA exhibit hyperexcitability with a concomitant increase in the synaptic strength of excitatory synapses in the BLA. Further, reduced feed-forward inhibition appears to enhance synaptic plasticity in the FXS amygdala. These results demonstrate that plasticity is enhanced in the amygdala of the juvenileFmr1knock-out (KO) mouse and that E/I imbalance may underpin anxiety disorders commonly seen in FXS and ASDs.
Kilka uwag dotyczących zastosowania dekretu Konferencji Episkopatu Polski o ochronie danych osobowych z 2018 r. do spraw małżeńskich lub rodzinnych
Authors: Karsten Kinga 
Published: April 2021

Tematy dotyczące małżeństwa i rodziny są obecne również w tych enuncjacjach Kościoła, które mają charakter normatywny. Celem artykułu było pokazanie, jak dekret ogólny w sprawie ochrony osób fizycznych w związku z przetwarzaniem danych osobowych w Kościele katolickim, wydany przez Konferencję Episkopatu Polski, w dniu 13 marca 2018 r., ma zastosowanie do tego obszaru tematycznego. Ogólny wniosek jest następujący – zastosowanie norm dekretu na polu spraw małżeńskich i rodzinnych w Kościele nie jest pozbawione teoretycznych i praktycznych trudności. Jednak realizacja norm dekretu KEP może się przyczynić do ochrony prywatności w Kościele.
22-Й КОНГРЕСС Российского общества холтеровского мониторирования и неинвазивной электрофизиологии (РОХМиНЭ). 14-Й ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ КОНГРЕСС “Клиническая электрокардиология”. VII-я ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ детских кардиологов ФМБА России
Authors: Editorial Article 
Published: April 2021

22-Й КОНГРЕСС Российского общества холтеровского мониторирования и неинвазивной электрофизиологии (РОХМиНЭ).14-Й ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ КОНГРЕСС “Клиническая электрокардиология”.VII-я ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ детских кардиологов ФМБА России28-29 апреля 2021 года, OnlineСБОРНИК ТЕЗИСОВ
Collecting Duct Na+/K+-ATPase Activity Is Correlated with Urinary Sodium Excretion in Rat Nephrotic Syndromes
Authors: DESCHE[Combining Circumflex Accent]NES GEORGES , DOUCET ALAIN 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
In puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated nephrotic rats, sodium retention is associated with increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD). This study was undertaken to determine whether stimulation of Na+/K+-ATPase in the CCD is a feature of other experimental nephrotic syndromes, whether it might be responsible for renal sodium retention, and whether it is mediated by increased plasma vasopressin levels or activation of calcineurin. For this purpose, the time courses of urinary excretion of sodium and protein, sodium balance, ascites, and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in microdissected CCD were studied in rats with PAN or adriamycin nephrosis or HgCl2 nephropathy. The role of vasopressin and calcineurin in PAN nephrosis were evaluated by measuring these parameters in Brattleboro rats and in rats treated with cyclosporin or tacrolimus. Despite different patterns of changes in urinary sodium and protein excretion in the three nephrotic syndrome models, there was a linear relationship between CCD Na+/K+-ATPase activities and sodium excretion in all three cases. The results also indicated that there was no correlation between proteinuria and sodium retention, but ascites was present only when proteinuria was associated with marked reduction of sodium excretion. Finally, the lack of vasopressin in Brattleboro rats or the inhibition of calcineurin by administration of either cyclosporin or tacrolimus did not prevent development of the nephrotic syndrome in PAN-treated rats or stimulation of CCD Na+/K+-ATPase. It is concluded that stimulation of Na+/K+-ATPase in the CCD of nephrotic rats might be responsible for sodium retention and that this phenomenon is independent of proteinuria and vasopressin and calcineurin activities.
Proteinase 3 Interacts with a 111-kD Membrane Molecule of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: TAEKEMA-ROELVINK MIRIAM E. J. , VAN KOOTEN CEES , HEEMSKERK EVERT , SCHROEIJERS WILLEKE , DAHA MOHAMED R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the major autoantigen of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis. Previously, it was demonstrated that PR3 induces apoptosis of human endothelial cells and that PR3 contributes to endothelial cell activation by enhancing interleukin-8 production. The present study demonstrates that PR3 binds specifically to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled PR3 bound readily to HUVEC cultured on coverslips. By fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, a homogeneous binding of PR3 to HUVEC, using either DIG-labeled or unlabeled PR3, was observed. No detectable membrane expression of PR3 was observed after either tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation or in nonstimulated HUVEC. The binding of PR3-DIG to HUVEC was dose-dependent and was inhibited by unlabeled PR3. Scatchard analysis revealed 2000 binding sites per cell, with a K
d of 0.1 μM. Affinity precipitation of biotin-labeled HUVEC membrane proteins with protein G-Sepharose bearing PR3 resulted in specific precipitation of a membrane molecule with a molecular weight of 111 kD under nonreducing conditions and 52 and 63 kD under reducing conditions. It is hypothesized that PR3, either released systemically or locally at inflammatory sites following activation of primed polymorphonuclear neutrophils, may lead to endothelial cell injury and activation of endothelial cells.
Identification of two alternatively spliced forms of Human Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Antigen (TIN-Ag)
Authors: ZHOU BING , NELSON TODD R. , KASHTAN CLIFFORD , GLEASON BILL , MICHAEL ALFRED F. , VLASSI METAXIA , CHARONIS ARISTIDIS S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TIN-Ag) is a recently described basement membrane glycoprotein reactive with autoantibodies in some forms of immunologically mediated human tubulointerstitial nephritis. This report presents the complete cDNA and predicted amino acid sequences of two human TIN-Ag mRNA species referred to as TIN1 and TIN2. Translation through the open reading frames of these clones indicates the presence of a signal peptide and putative prepropeptide. TIN1 additionally contains a characteristic laminin-like epidermal growth factor (EGF) motif and significant homology within the carboxy terminus with the cysteine proteinase family of enzymes. The EGF motif bears important similarities in the positions of cysteines with two motifs in the propeptide of von Willebrand factor. The EGF motif and part of the region that is homologous with the cysteine proteinase family are removed from the TIN2 cDNA. However, the rest of the sequence is identical in these two forms, indicating an alternatively spliced TIN-Ag mRNA product. Both forms contain putative calcium-binding sites. Secondary structure predictions strongly suggest differences between TIN1 and TIN2 leading to the hypothesis that these two forms of TIN-Ag may exhibit differences in their function. Expression studies with appropriate probes demonstrate expression mainly in the kidney and in the intestinal epithelium and lack of expression in other tissues. In the kidney, both TIN1 and TIN2 transcripts are detected, however, TIN1 appears to be the predominant form.