bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Solar Cycle 25 with a Principled Bayesian Two-stage Statistical Model
Authors: Yan Youwei , Stenning David C. , Kashyap Vinay L. , Yu Yaming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We update the Bayesian analysis of sunspot numbers (SSNs) developed by Yu et al. prior to the peak of Solar Cycle 24 to account for the recalibration of the SSN index. We show that the model yields an accurate hindcast of Cycle 24 with the revised SSN, and use the data acquired since then to predict the strength and peak of Cycle 25. We predict the behavior of Cycle 25 to be moderate to weak, with a peak SSN of 120±27 to occur c. 2025 July (±7 months).
Patterns of Autofluorescence in Common Genotypes of Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Dowd-Schoeman Tyler J. , Rosenbloom Jacob , Ameri Hossein 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether different forms of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) could be distinguished from one another using fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The National Institutes of Health EyeGene database was used to gather FAF images from 31 patients with RP, which were separated into 11 groups based on the RP-associated gene that was mutated. Investigators reviewed the images for patterns of autofluorescence (AF) and recorded qualitative observations.

RESULTS:

Four patterns of AF were noted within the macula, including central foveal hyper AF, a perifoveal hyper AF ring, a macular hyper AF ring, and a bull's-eye pattern of AF. Four patterns of AF were noted outside of the macula, including a mid-peripheral hyper AF ring, extramacular spots of hyper AF, patches of hypo AF, and diffuse hypo AF in the periphery. Double hyper AF rings were present in
RHO
,
RPGR
,
USH2A
, and
NR2E3
-linked RP.

CONCLUSIONS:
Similar patterns of AF were seen in different forms of RP, and AF failed to distinguish different genotypes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:426–431.]
Uniqueness and nondegeneracy of positive solutions to an elliptic system in ecology
Authors: Li Zaizheng , Zhang Zhitao 
Published: August 2021

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, we study the follwing important elliptic system which arises from the Lotka-Volterra ecological model in <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">$ \mathbb{R}^N $</tex-math></inline-formula></p><p style='text-indent:20px;'><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> $ \begin{equation*} \begin{cases}	-\Delta u+\lambda u = \mu_1u^2+\beta uv, &amp; x\in\mathbb{R}^N,\\	-\Delta v+\lambda v = \mu_2v^2+\beta uv, &amp; x\in \mathbb{R}^N,\\	u, v&gt;0, u, v\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{cases} \end{equation*} $ </tex-math></disp-formula></p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">$ N\leq 5, $</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">$ \lambda, \mu_1, \mu_2 $</tex-math></inline-formula> are positive constants, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">$ \beta\geq 0 $</tex-math></inline-formula> is a coupling constant. Firstly, we prove the uniqueness of positive solutions under general conditions, then we show the nondegeneracy of the positive solution and the degeneracy of semi-trivial solutions. Finally, we give a complete classification of positive solutions when <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">$ \mu_1 = \mu_2 = \beta. $</tex-math></inline-formula></p>
Anti-inflammatory effect of Perilla frutescens seed oil rich in omega-3 fatty acid on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Kangwan Napapan , Pintha Komsak , Khanaree Chakkrit , Kongkarnka Sarawut , Chewonarin Teera , Suttajit Maitree 
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that involves diffused inflammation of the large intestine. Omega-3 fatty acid (FA) has been known to regulate the inflammatory response associated with ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Perilla frutescens is a valuable source of omega-3 FA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) contained in its seed oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Perilla seed oil (PSO) on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a mouse model.

Experimental approach:
PSO was extracted using a cold-pressed extractor and FA composition of PSO was analyzed by GC-MS. Acute colitis in mice was induced with 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Some mice were treated with PSO (20, 100, 200 mg/kg BW) for 3 weeks before the DSS administration. Sulfasalazine was used as a positive control. The clinical features, histopathologic, serum, and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon were assessed.

Finding/Results:
PSO contained the highest proportion of ALA (61.51%). Furthermore, PSO pretreatment evidently reduced body weight loss, diminished diarrhea, gross bleeding, and DSS-induced colon shortening. PSO pretreatment attenuated histopathological changes in response to DSS-induced colitis. PSO pretreatment also markedly decreased inflammatory response in serum and the colon tissue of DSS-induced mice.

Conclusion and implication:
ALA in PSO is suggested to be mainly responsible for the reduction of DSS-induced colitis through suppressing inflammatory markers. PSO could be further developed as a functional health supplement, which would be beneficial for anti-inflammation in the colonic mucosa.
Design, synthesis, and bio-evaluation of new isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives as possible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Hassanzadeh Motahareh , Hassanzadeh Farshid , khodarahmi Ghadam Ali , Rostami Mahbobe , Azimi Fateme , Nadri Hamid , Homayouni Moghadam Farshad 
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:
Alzheimer’s disease is considered one of the lead causes of elderly death around the world. A significant decrease in acetylcholine level in the brain is common in most patients with Alzheimer’s disease, therefore acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as donepezil and rivastigmine are widely used for patients with limited therapeutic results and major side effects.

Experimental approach:
A series of isoindoline-1,3-dione -N-benzyl pyridinium hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated as anti-Alzheimer agents with cholinesterase inhibitory activities. The structure of the compounds were confirmed by various methods of analysis such as HNMR, CNMR, and FT-IR. Molecular modeling studies were also performed to identify the possible interactions between neprilysin and synthesized compounds.

Findings/Results:
The biological screening results indicated that all synthesized compounds displayed potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.1 to 7.4 μM. Among synthesized compounds, para-fluoro substituted compounds 7a and 7f exhibited the highest inhibitory potency against AChE (IC50 = 2.1 μM). Molecular modeling studies indicated that the most potent compounds were able to interact with both catalytic and peripheral active sites of the enzyme. Also, some of the most potent compounds (7a, 7c, and 7f) demonstrated a neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced cell death in PC12 neurons.

Conclusion and implications:
The synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate to good AChE inhibitory effect with results higher than rivastigmine.
Antidiabetic potential of the isolated fractions from the plants of Rosaceae family in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Bahrami Gholamreza , Izadi Babak , Miraghaee Seyed Shahram , Mohammadi Bahar , Hatami Razieh , Sajadimajd Soraya , Batooie Nasim 
Published: August 2021

Background and purpose:
Diabetes is a group of multifactorial disorders characterized by chronic-elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Natural remedies are used as alternative medications to treat diabetes. Here, we tested the protective effect of the plant extracts of the Rosaceae family on improving insulin secretion and repairing the pancreatic beta cells in diabetic rats.

Experimental approach:
The oligosaccharide fraction was isolated from the Rosaceae family of herbs. LC-MS/MS was applied to characterize the isolated fractions. The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, 10 each, including the control group with no intervention, diabetic rats without treatment, diabetic rats that received the extract of Malus domestica (apple), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Prunus persica (nectarine), and Prunus persica (peach), separately. Rats were monitored for the weight, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels. The effect of extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats on the pancreatic islets was evaluated by morphometric analysis.

Findings/Results:
LC-MS/MS results indicated a similar mass spectrum of isolated fractions from nectarine and peach with Rosa canina. Oral administration of nectarine and peach extracts to STZ-induced diabetic rats showed restoration of blood glucose levels to normal levels with a concomitant increase in insulin levels. Morphometric analysis of pancreatic sections revealed the increase in number, diameter, volume, and area of the pancreatic islets in the diabetic rats treated with extracts compared to the untreated diabetic rats.

Conclusion and implications:
Nectarine and peach extracts’ anti-diabetic properties improved insulin secretion and pancreatic beta-cell function and subsequently led to restoring pancreatic islet mass in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Effectiveness of Video-Based Education versus Music Therapy on Anxiety, Experience, and Co-Operation among Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bist Deepika , Sharma Tarika , Thapar Shalini 
Published: August 2021

Background:
With the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnostic radiology, the problem of anxiety is also encountered more often in patients undergoing MRI. Anxious patients may not co-operate well with the procedure resulting in poor image quality. Repetition of sequences to acquire the images of better quality prolongs the total scan time and precludes optimal patient experience. For satisfactory completion and clinical usefulness of the scan, patient compliance is vital.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of video-based education (VBE) versus music therapy (MT) on anxiety, experience, and co-operation among patients undergoing MRI.

Materials and Methods:
Randomized controlled trial pre- and posttest-based study was carried out among 90 patients undergoing MRI who were randomly allocated to VBE group (30), MT group (30), and control group (30). The data on anxiety, experience, and cooperation were collected using the appropriate tools. Patients in VBE group were provided with VBE, patients in MT group received MT and control group received routine procedural instructions.

Results:
No significant differences were found in VBE group, MT group, and control group in terms of posttest anxiety scores. With regard to mean experience scores, the VBE group had better experience (81.70 ± 3.153) as compared to the control group (77.27 ± 6.817). A significant strong positive correlation was found between experience and co-operation of patients in VBE group (r = 0.860, P < 0.001) and MT group (r = 0.640). All of the patients (100%) agreed that VBE was easy to understand and also suggested to use VBE for all patients undergoing MRI procedure. Most of the patients (96.7%) found MT effective during the waiting time of MRI procedure and useful for diverting the mind.

Conclusions:
Both VBE and MT were effective in improving the experience and co-operation of patients undergoing MRI as compared to routine procedural instructions in the control group.
Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Stroke among General Population
Authors: Choudhary Mamta 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Stroke is one of the major causes of loss of quality-adjusted life years and inflicts varying degree of physical deficits, psychological distress, and strained social relationships among stroke survivors. However, knowledge regarding risk factors, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke can help to minimize this burden.

Aim:
This study aims to assess knowledge and awareness of general population regarding risk factors, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study was conducted to collect information from general population regarding risk factor, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke by administering a pretested questionnaire. Five hundred patients attending Outpatient Departments of Selected Hospital were selected using simple random sampling. After explaining purpose of the study and taking written consent from the participants, the participants were requested to fill the questionnaire.

Results:
The findings revealed that only 22.6% of participants were having good knowledge, 56.6% were having average knowledge, and rest 20.8% of them had poor knowledge regarding risk factors, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke. The mean knowledge score was 11.86 ± 3.651. 31.4%, 36.2%, and 33.6% of participants were not aware about even single risk factors, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke, respectively.

Conclusion:
The low level of knowledge regarding risk factor, warning symptoms, and first aid management of stroke indicates immense need of initiatives to implement stroke education.
Age and Comorbidities as Predictors of Hospital Mortality in Adult Patients Who Receive Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Yeh Te-Chun , Chang Hsiao-Huang , Wang Ju-O , Kao Senyeong , Lin Tso-Chou , Ho Shung-Tai 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The incidence rate of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in Taiwan has increased significantly and is now higher than the worldwide incidence since 2000. Several studies have investigated hospital mortality and the risk factors of patients receiving ECMO. Comorbidities and age were not evaluated in these studies.

Aim:
To investigate the impact of age and comorbidities on hospital mortality of ECMO patients.

Methods:
A retrospective study of ECMO patients was performed using the claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.

Results:
A total of 5834 adult patients were included in the study, and 2270 patients (38.9%) were discharged from the hospital between 2004 and 2012. The most common comorbidities were coronary artery disease (35.7%), hypertension (32.0%), and acute myocardial infarction (28.4%). Age, interstitial lung disease, rheumatologic disease, and lymphoma were the major predictors for hospital mortality in ECMO patients. On the contrary, acute myocarditis was found to be a favorable factor.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that age and comorbidities were strongly associated with hospital mortality among ECMO patients. These findings can assist ECMO specialists to improve evaluations of mortality risk, especially among elderly patients with specific comorbidities.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Extravillous Cytotrophoblasts in the Uteroplacental Bed in Iron-deficiency Anemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Tiulienieva Оlena А. , Tsagkaris Christos , Davydenko Іgor S. , Hoian Аnastasiia V. , Yasnikovska Svitlana M. , Hovornyan Serhiy L. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy is challenging, inducing a systemic pathological process in women's bodies. In this context, impaired protein metabolism, decreased respiratory enzyme activity, limitation of cells' proliferative potential, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and endothelial dysfunction affect the “mother-placenta-fetal” system. However, several features of this pathogenetic cascade, including the spread of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (ECT), are yet to be investigated. This research aimed to study the immunohistochemical features and quantitative indicators of ECT spread throughout the uteroplacental bed (UPB) in IDA at 37–40-week gestation.

Methods:
Eighty biopsies of UPB and myometrium were studied postcesarean section with the previous observation of physiological pregnancy and gestation in IDA conditions without clinical signs of placental insufficiency. Histological sections were performed on immunohistochemical techniques with primary antibodies against metalloproteinases 2 and 9, placental lactogen, and antiapoptotic protein BCL-2. Their quantitative parameters in the cytoplasm of endovascular CT cells were determined using computer microdensitometry by calculating optical color density. The arithmetic mean and its statistical error were calculated. The Shapiro–Wilk test of normality was performed. The comparisons between the groups were provided on the unpaired two-tailed Student's test.

Results:
The analysis of the depth of CT invasion on the material of the UPB and the myometrium in conditions of IDA showed the spread of the CT invasion not only in the area of the spiral arteries of the endometrium but also the incorporation of endovascular CT into the myometrial arteries walls. Immunohistochemical study of CT invasion showed the following results: during physiological pregnancy, the concentration of metalloproteinase 2 was 0.232 ± 0.0012 optical density units (ODU), metalloproteinase 9 - 0.219 ± 0.0014 ODU. Immunovisualization of placental lactogen during physiological pregnancy was 0.314 ± 0.0022 ODU in interstitial CT and 0.109 ± 0.0022 ODU in endovascular CT; in the conditions of IDA: 0.337 ± 0.0022 ODU in interstitial CT and 0.110 ± 0.0022 ODU in endovascular CT.

Conclusion:
It is established that, during gestation with IDA, a deepening of CT invasion in the structure of the UPB, an increase in the lining distance of the endothelium-replacing CT in the artery walls, and consequently, a dilatation of spiral and radial arteries takes place in the uterus of pregnant women. However, the invasive ability and synthetic activity of the CT and as a result, the adequacy of the gestational transformation of UPB structures are affected by the hypoxia and depend on the degree of IDA of pregnant women.
Exploring the Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Shift Work
Authors: Yang Zhe-Yu , Wang Chung-Ching , Chen Ying-Jen , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Li Peng-Fei , Peng Tao-Chun , Sun Yu-Shan , Chen Wei-Liang 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Vitamin D deficiency became increasingly common worldwide and was related to various disorders. However, there was little information concerning the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) level and shift work. The aim of this paper was to investigate the relation between serum 25(OH) D level and shift work in the American citizens.

Methods:
From the 2005–2006 NHANES, a total of 3025 participants were included. The relation between serum 25(OH) D level and shift work was investigated through the regression models.

Results:
There was an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH) D level and female shift worker in the fully adjusted models (β coefficient = −8.774, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = −16.83–−0.71, P = 0.03). Additionally, a negative correlation was presented between serum 25OHD level and Mexican American (β coefficient = −9.825, 95% CI = −19.31–−0.33, P = 0.04). No significant differences in serum 25(OH) D level were presented among indoor/outdoor works or manual/nonmanual works. However, long working hours (>40 h/week) were remarkably correlated with low serum 25(OH) D level (β coefficient = −8.007, 95% CI = −15.32–−0.68, P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Our study concluded there was an inverse correlation between serum 25(OH) D level and shift work, especially in female population.
Efficacy of Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment in Keratosis Pilaris
Authors: Tatavarthi Revathi , Kolalapudi Seetharam Anjaneyulu , Prasad Arumilli Krishna Phaneendra , Gandikota Raghuramarao , Saka Satya , Arumilli Prasad Chowdary 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Keratosis pilaris (KP) is cosmetically displeasing and psychologically distressing. Many treatments are being tried, but they have not been very effective. There is a need for the evaluation of newer therapeutic modalities.

Aim:
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment in KP.

Methods:
A prospective hospital-based interventional study was conducted on 60 KP patients who presented to our outpatient department between January 2017 and June 2018. All patients were advised to apply tacrolimus ointment 0.1% twice daily to the right arm and petrolatum ointment twice daily to the left arm, over a period of 4 weeks. The treated sites were assessed using the investigator's global assessment (IGA) scale and comparing patient satisfaction scores at baseline and at the end of the treatment. Clinical and dermoscopic pictures were taken at baseline and at the end of the treatment.

Results:
Fifty-one patients completed the study. The IGA mean score was reduced by 0.58 in the tacrolimus group, compared to 0.39 in the petrolatum group. Although there was a statistically significant improvement in each arm, the difference in improvement between the right and left arms was not significant. However, the patient satisfaction score was higher in the tacrolimus group. Dermoscopy showed an improvement in the absence of follicular hyperkeratosis and erythema.

Conclusion:
Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment is an alternative and safe treatment in the treatment of KP. It has shown moderately higher patient satisfaction as compared to petrolatum and was tolerated well.
Impact of Resection versus Radiofrequency Ablation on Medium-Sized Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Authors: Tseng Yu-Chen , Hsu Kuo-Feng , Chou Yu-Ching , Hsieh Cheng-Chih , Hsieh Tsai-Yuan , Chen Teng-Wei , Hsieh Chung-Bao , Shih Yu-Lueng 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Liver resection (LR) is considered the main therapeutic strategy for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) (<3 cm). Recently, the efficacy of complete response after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in medium-sized HCCs (3–5 cm) has been proposed. Comparative analyses of LR and RFA in HCC patients with single or multiple nodules and tumor sizes ranging from 3 to 5 cm are lacking.

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to compare the long-term outcomes of 132 patients diagnosed with medium-sized HCCs between 2010 and 2017 who underwent LR (n = 72) or RFA (n = 60) and met the inclusion criteria.

Methods:
Data were retrospectively analyzed using a prospective database. The treatment-related outcomes and risk factors of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Results:
The hospital stay was shorter in the RFA group than in the LR group (5.4 days vs. 14.3 days, respectively; P < 0.0001). RFA was associated with fewer treatment-related complications. OS and DFS were better in the LR group than in the RFA group. Treatment modality and albumin and alpha-fetoprotein levels were predictors for OS, while treatment modality and tumor number were predictors for DFS.

Conclusion:
LR is an effective treatment for patients with medium-sized HCCs in terms of long-term outcomes (OS and DFS), while RFA may be used as an alternative treatment to LR with comparable OS.