bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Early Childhood Development: A Qualitative Context Analysis in Iran
Authors: Atashbahar Omolbanin , Sari Ali Akbari , Takian Amirhossein , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Mohamadi Efat , Barakati Sayyed Hamed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Social determinants have a significant impact on children’s development and their abilities and capacities, especially in early childhood. They can bring about inequity in living conditions of children and, as a result, lead to differences in various dimensions of development including the social, psychological, cognitive and emotional aspects. We aimed to identify and analyze the social determinants of Early Childhood Development (ECD) in Iran and provide policy implications to improve this social context. Methods: In a qualitative study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 40 experts from October 2017 to June 2018. Based on Leichter’s (1979) framework and using the deductive approach, two independent researchers conducted the data analysis. We used MAXQDA.11 software for data management. Results: We identified 8 themes and 22 subthemes in 4 analytical categories relevant to the social determinants of ECD including: Structural factors (economic factors: 6 subthemes, political factors: 2 subthemes), Socio-cultural factors (the socio-cultural setting of society: 6 subthemes, the socio-cultural setting of family: 4 subthemes), Environmental or International factors (the role of international organizations: 1 subtheme, political sanctions: 1 subtheme), and Situational factors (genetic factors: 1 subtheme, the phenomenon of air pollution: 1 subtheme). We could identify 24 policy recommendations to improve the situation. Conclusion: With regard to the challenges related to the social determinants of ECD, such as increasing social harms, decreasing social capital, lack of public awareness, increasing socioeconomic inequities, economic instability, which can lead to the abuse and neglect of children or their unfair growth and development, the following policy-making options are proposed: focusing on equity from early years in policies and programs, creating integration between policies and programs from different sectors, prioritizing children in the welfare umbrella, empowering families, raising community awareness, and expanding services and support for families, specially the deprived families subject to special subsidies.
Blood neuroexosomal mitochondrial proteins predict Alzheimer's disease in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chi Hai-Yan , Yao Ran , Sun Chao , Leng Bing , Shen Teng-Qun , Wang Tong , Zhang Shu-Kun , Li Meng-Fan , Yang Ya-Chao , Sun Hai-rong , Li Zhen-Guang , Zhang Jinbiao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
There is accumulating evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the contribution of diabetes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Neuronal mitochondrial proteins found in plasma neuronal-derived exosomes(NDEs) at levels that reflect those in brain neurons. Here, we tested the performance of mitochondrial proteins in plasma NDEs to predict cognitive decline and brain injury in diabetic participants.
Methods
The type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants in the study included 41 cognitively normal controls, 97 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (68 individuals with stable MCI; 29 individuals with progressive MCI) and 36 patients with AD dementia. Plasma neuroexosomal proteins were measured by ELISA kits. Spearman’s correlation was used to test associations between mitochondrial proteins and other core biomarkers of AD in plasma neuronal-derived exosomes. Diagnostic accuracy (the area under the curve (AUC)) for progressive MCI and AD was obtained for mitochondrial proteins using receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses. The associations of mitochondrial proteins with the conversion from MCI to AD were assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
Results
Plasma neuroexosomal NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 (NDUFS3) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB) levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients with AD dementia (232.7 ± 63.4, 1360.7 ± 328.5, pg/ml) and progressive MCI (274.4 ± 78.6, 1536.7 ± 342.8, pg/ml) than in cognitively normal subjects (333.9 ± 96.7, 2050.4 ± 628.9, pg/ml) (P < 0.001 for both groups). We also found that plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB levels were lower in progressive MCI (274.4 ± 78.6 pg/ml, 1536.7 ± 342.8 pg/ml) than in stable MCI (319.9 ± 109.8 pg/ml, P < 0.05; 1824.7 ± 606.4 pg/ml, P < 0.05) subjects. Both plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB offer diagnostic utility for AD. Low plasma neuroexosomal SDHB levels significantly predicted conversion from MCI to AD. In addition, low mitochondrial proteins levels were associated with the rate of hippocampal and gray matter atrophy, reduced AD signature cortical thickness in progressive MCI over the follow-up period.
Conclusions
These data suggest that both plasma neuroexosomal NDUFS3 and SDHB are already increased at the early clinical stage of AD, and indicate the promise of plasma neuroexosomal mitochondrial proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the earliest symptomatic stage of AD in diabetic participants .
Ankle Joint Pressure Change Before and After Subtalar Joint Arthrodesis in Varus and Valgus Malalignment of the Tibia
Authors: Hu Mu , Xu Xiangyang , Mei Jiong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The compensation mechanism of subtalar joint in ankle with varus or valgus deformity is controversial and not well established. This biomechanical study aims to investigate how subtalar joint arthrodesis will affect the ankle joint pressure in varus and valgus malalignment of the tibia. Methods: 8 fresh-frozen human cadaver legs were tested in this study. A custom-made fixture was utilized and a total of 600N was applied to simulate weight-bearing. Intra-articular sensors (TeckScan) were inserted in the ankle joint to demonstrate the ankle joint pressure. conditions include: neutral, 5º, 10º, 15º and 20º varus, 5º, 10º, 15º and 20º valgus.Results: After the fusion of the subtalar joint, when the tibia is gradually inverted, the inside pressure of the ankle joint gradually increases, and the pressure on the outside of the ankle joint gradually decreases. When the tibia is gradually eversion, the pressure on the outside of the ankle joint gradually increases, and the inside of the ankle joint gradually decreases.Conclusions: After the subtalar joint is fused, the compensatory activity of the subtalar joint disappears, and the regulation of the pressure in the ankle joint will be lost.
Abnormal Bile Acid-Microbiota Crosstalk Promotes the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shen Rui , Ke Lixin , Li Qiao , Dang Xi , Shen Shunli , Shen Jianming , Li Shaoqiang , Liang Lijian , Peng Baogang , Kuang Ming , Ma Yi , Yang Zhonghan , Hua Yunpeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Gut microbiota and microbe-derived metabolites are involved in the development of HCC. Bile acids (BAs) are the most important gut microbiota-modulated endogenous signaling molecules. First, we tested serum bile acid levels and gut microbiome compositions in patients with HCC, chemical -induced HCC mouse models (DEN-HCC mice) and mouse orthotopic implanted liver tumor models with vancomycin treatment (Vancomycin-treated mice ). Then, we screened an important kind of HCC-related BAs, and verified its effect on the growth and migration of HCC cells. We found that the remarkably decreasing percentages of serum secondary BAs in the total bile acids of patients and DEN-HCC mice, especially, conjugated deoxycholic acids (DCA). The relative abundance of the bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-rich bacteria (Bifidobacteriales, Lactobacillales, Bacteroidales, and Clostridiales) was decreased in the feces of patients and DEN-HCC mice. Then, in Vancomycin-treated mice, vancomycin treatment induced a reduction in the BSH-rich bacteria and promoted the growth of liver tumors. Similarly, the percentage of conjugated DCA after vancomycin treatment was significantly declined. We used a kind of conjugated DCA, Glyco-deoxycholic acid (GDCA), to treat human SUN-449 and HepG2 HCC cell lines, and found that GDCA remarkably inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. We conclude that the remarkably decreasing percentages of serum conjugated DCA may be closely associated with HCC, which may be induced by the reducing gut BSH-rich bacteria. The mechanisms may be correlated with conjugated DCA directly inhibiting the growth and migration of HCC cells.
Correlation of Clinical Sepsis Definitions with Microbiological Characteristics in Patients Admitted Through a Sepsis Alert System; A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu David , Unger David , Unge Christian , Parke Åsa , Sundén-Cullberg Jonas , Strålin Kristoffer , Özenci Volkan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Sepsis was recently redefined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. With this redefinition (Sepsis-3), clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with sepsis may differ from the patients fulfilling the previous described definition (Sepsis-2). Purpose: To describe differences in clinical and microbiological characteristics of sepsis episodes between Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2. The secondary aim was to compare blood culture outcomes between episodes fulfilling Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 criteria, respectively. Methods: A prospective study design was used to include patients presenting with clinically suspected sepsis in the emergency department. Six blood culture bottles were collected from each patient. Blood cultures were described as having clinically relevant growth, contaminant growth, or no growth. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from medical records and the laboratory information system. Results: The analysis included 549 episodes. There were 387/549 (70.5%) Sepsis-3 and 443/549 (80.7%) Sepsis-2 episodes. In total, 369/549 (67.2%) episodes fulfilled both Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 criteria. Blood cultures were positive for clinically relevant growth in 140/387 (36.1%) and 155/443 (35.0%) episodes in Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2, respectively. Other clinical and microbiological characteristics did not differ between Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2. Conclusions: A high proportion of patients included through a sepsis alert system fulfilled both Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 criteria. The performance of blood cultures in detection of microorganisms was poor and were similar in Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 patients.
CD36 Identifies a Subpopulation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Enhanced Osteogenic Ability.
Authors: Camilleri Emily , Riester Scott M. , Gustafson Michael , Garces Catalina Galeano , Paradise Christopher R. , Glusevic Martina , Bulur Peggy , Dudakovic Amel , Dietz Allan B. , Wijnen Andre J van 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs) represent attractive cellular therapeutics for treatment of various diseases including osteoarthritis and bone degeneration. Preparation and characterization of AMSCs show donor-to-donor variability that indicating that AMSCs are heterogeneous populations of cells. Cell surface markers to identify MSCs, such as CD44, CD90, and CD105, are relatively invariable among AMSCs and do not reflect the heterogeneity of AMSC populations. CD36, a multifunctional surface receptor associated with transport of oxidized low-density lipoproteins and fatty acids, is also expressed by AMSCs but this marker is considerable more variable. Therefore, we assessed whether CD36 can be used to identify subpopulations in AMSCs.
Methods

Clinical-grade AMSCs were isolated from patient fat biopsies, cultured under xenobiotic-free conditions using human platelet lysate and sorted by flow cytometry or magnetic cell sorting to characterize CD36 expression. CD36 enriched, CD36 depleted, and unsorted AMSCs were characterized using cellular and molecular techniques including proliferation, multilineage potential, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics, metabolomics, and sensitivity to the CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO).
Results

CD36 exhibited biphasic expression on AMSCs grown in human platelet lysate. Enrichment of CD36+ AMSCs showed that CD36+ expression identifies a stable subpopulation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed enhancement of calcium transporter genes. Osteogenic differentiation of CD36+ enriched, CD36+ depleted, and unsorted AMSCs showed strikingly enhanced osteogenic calcium deposition and enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and osteoprotegrin (TNFRSF11B) in the CD36+ population. While lipid droplets were not altered, adipogenic differentiation showed upregulated gene expression of key adipogenic markers, including fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and Adiponectin (ADIPOQ), with CD36+ enrichment. Treatment of CD36+ enriched AMSCs with the SSO showed reduced calcium deposition whereas CD36+ depleted AMSCs were unaffected.
Conclusions

CD36 exhibits variable expression amongst AMSCs. CD36+ enriched AMSCs are a stable subpopulation with enhanced osteogenic potential that linked to CD36 receptor function. These results may further refine production and clinical application of AMSC cellular therapeutics. Furthermore, the enhanced osteogenic potential of CD36+ AMSCs may be considered for therapeutic regeneration of bone.
How do Healthcare Practitioners use Incident data to Improve Patient Safety in Japan? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kodate Naonori , Taneda Ken’ichiro , Yumoto Akiyo , Kawakami Nana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPatient incident reporting systems have been widely used for ensuring safety and improving quality in care settings in many countries. However, little is known about the way in which incident data are used by frontline clinical staff. Furthermore, while the use of a systems perspective has been reported as an effective way of learning from incident data in a multidisciplinary team, the level of adaptability of this perspective to a different cultural context has not been widely explored. The primary aim of the study, therefore, was to investigate how healthcare practitioners in Japan perceive the reporting systems and utilize a systems perspective in learning from incident data in acute care and mental health settings. Methods A non-experimental, descriptive and exploratory research design was adopted with the following two data-collection methods: 1) Sixty-one semi-structured interviews with frontline staff in two hospitals; and 2) Non-participatory observations of thirty-seven regular incident review meetings. The two hospitals in the Greater Tokyo area which were invited to take part were: 1) a not-for-profit, privately-run, acute care hospital with approximately 500 beds; and 2) a publicly-run mental health hospital with 200 beds.Results While the majority of staff acknowledge the positive impacts of the reporting systems on safety, the observation data found that little consideration was given to systems aspects during formal meetings. The meetings were primarily a place for the exchange of practical information, as opposed to in-depth discussions regarding causes of incidents and corrective measures. Learning from incident data was influenced by four factors: professional boundaries and the gendered dimension; dealing with a psychological burden; leadership and educational approach; and compatibility of patient safety with patient-centered care.ConclusionsHealthcare organizations are highly complex, comprising of many professional boundaries and risk perceptions, and various communication styles. In order to establish an optimum method of individual and organizational learning and effective safety management, a fine balance has to be struck between respect for professional expertise in a local team and centralized safety oversight with a strong focus on systems. Further research needs to examine culturally-sensitive organizational and professional dynamics, including leader-follower relationships and the impact of resource constraints.
COVID-19 Public Transit Precautions: Trade-offs between Risk Reduction and Costs
Authors: Hanig Lily , Harper Corey , Nock Destenie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally; however, the risk of contracting COVID-19 on public transportation and its role in local spread remains unclear. Essential workers who are transit-dependent tend to be from low-income and minority populations and are faced with the risk of contracting COVID-19 each time they take a bus. We investigate bus ridership from April to September of 2020 and the risk of contracting COVID-19 on the bus by combining a transportation data analysis and an epidemiological model of COVID-19 risk. Our results show that 4% of county cases were contracted on the bus or from a bus-rider (first degree), disproportionately (52%) from trips that were over their mandated capacity. The risk of contracting COVID-19 on the bus was low, but socially worth mitigating. A cost-benefit analysis reveals that dispatching autonomous vehicles or deploying longer buses for passed-by passengers rather than allowing crowding have the lowest societal costs.
Hyaluronic Acid-modified Redox-sensitive Hybrid Nanocomplex Loading With siRNA for Non-small-cell Lung Carcinoma Therapy
Authors: Chen Daoyuan , Zhang Peng , Li Minghui , Li Congcong , Lu Xiaoyan , Sun Yiying , Sun Kaoxiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A novel hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified hybrid nanocomplex HA-SeSe-COOH/siR-93C@PAMAM which could efficiently deliver siRNA into tumor cells via a redox-mediated intracellular disassembly, was constructed for enhance antitumor efficacy. Thereinto, siR-93 (siRNA) and positive PAMAM were firstly mixed into the electrostatic nano-intermediate, and then diselenide bond (-SeSe-)-modified HA was coved to shield excessive positive charges. This hybrid nanocomplex displayed uniform dynamic sizes, high stability, and controlled zeta potentials and narrow PDI distribution. Moreover, the -SeSe- linkage displayed GSH/ROS dual responsive properties, improving intracellular trafficking of siRNA. In vitro assays in A549 cell line presented that HA-SeSe-COOH/siR-93C@PAMAM has low cytotoxicity, rapid lysosomal escape and significant transfection efficiency; besides, an efficient proliferation inhibition ability and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, in animal studies, this negative-surfaced hybrid nanocomplex showed a prolonged circulation in blood and improved inhibition of tumor growth. All these results verified our hypothesis in this study that diselenide bonds-modified HA could promote not only stability and safety of nanoparticles in vivo but also intracellular behavior of siRNA via redox-dual sensitive properties; furthermore, this hybrid nanocomplex provided a visible potential approach for siRNA delivery in antitumor field.
Solidaritas Yesus Terhadap Kaum Miskin: Studi Hermeneutik Lukas 21:1–4 dengan Perspektif Subaltern Gayatri Spivak
Authors: Kantohe Angelly Christisya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article aims to offer a hospitable hermeneutic to marginal groups by addressing humanitarian topics especially in relation to poverty issues. Biblical narratives pay much attention to the poor who are so ignored and silenced that their existence in public life is denied. Using Spivak’s subaltern theory of hermeneutics, this article reads Luke 21:1–4 from the perspective of the minority. Subaltern hermeneutics invites readers to embrace the spirit of Jesus in fighting against oppression. Jesus’ empathy toward the minority calls contemporary readers to represent the voices of the silenced and the oppressed. The goal is that both the oppressors and the oppressed are healed to celebrate life together.
AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan sebuah pendekatan hermeneutik yang ramah terhadap kelompok-kelompok marginal sehingga dapat dihidupi dan dipakai untuk menyikapi persoalan-persoalan kemanusiaan khususnya berkaitan dengan isu kemiskinan. Narasi-narasi Alkitab menyatakan betapa kaum miskin sering kali terabaikan dan terbungkam sehingga suaranya tidak dapat didengar bahkan eksistensinya luput dari perhatian masyarakat. Menggunakan teori hermeneutik subaltern dari Spivak, artikel ini membaca teks Lukas 21:1–4 dari sudut pandang kaum minoritas. Hermeneutik subaltern dipakai untuk membaca teks tersebut guna mengajak para pembaca untuk meneladani semangat Yesus dalam memerangi bentuk-bentuk penindasan. Perilaku keberpihakan Yesus terhadap kaum minoritas mengundang para pembaca untuk turut melibatkan diri sebagai perwakilan suara-suara kaum tertindas yang terbungkam. Tindakan tersebut membuka ruang bagi setiap orang, baik para pelaku penindasan maupun korban-korban yang tertindas, untuk memperoleh pemulihan dan merayakan kehidupan bersama.
Legal problems of defining «integrity» as a legal category in Ukraine: origin and genesis in normative and doctrinal planes
Authors: Riadinska V. , Karpushova O. 
Published: October 2021

The article examines the definition of «integrity» as a legal category in Ukraine. The problems of origin and development of this category in Ukraine in the normative and doctrinal plane are analyzed. The legal problems that arise when defining integrity as a legal category are outlined.It is noted that for the first time in the national legislation the notion of «integrity» was used in the Concept of administrative reform in Ukraine dated 22.07.1998 to denote the principle of activity of executive bodies according to which it is necessary to carry out reforming of their activity. However, the legislator did not specify the essence of this principle.
In national legislation, the notion of «integrity» again was used in 2006, with the adoption of the Concept of Overcoming corruption in Ukraine «On the Road to Integrity» from 11.09.2006.Legal negligence called for the mass reliability of the court calls from the state services, judges, prosecutors about the recognition by the counterparts that the decision about the failure of them to pass the attestation of the quality of the “critical evaluation”At the present stage, the category of integrity has entered the legal field of Ukraine. Despite the fact that national legislation does not contain a definition of such a concept, it is actively used in many regulations.The ambiguity of the translation of the English term «integrity», the lack of a strong position of the legislator, who used the term «integrity» both to define the principles of reforming public authorities and local government, as well as to formulate requirements for moral qualities of psychological personality of persons performing state or local government and judicial functions, and also as the antithesis of corruption. The complexity, ambiguity and diversity of «integrity» as a philosophical and ethical category have led to the emergence of an uncertain and ambiguous notion in the national legal sphere, the interpretation of which depends on the ideas and perceptions of the person interpreting it. As a result, it acquired signs of subjectivity, which negatively affects the social relations in the settlement of which it is applied.
Brand Activism Is Here to Stay: Here’s Why
Authors: Korschun Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Brand activism involves a publicly stated position and goes beyond simply fulfilling a social responsibility. It seeks to proactively change public opinion. It can alienate some customers, but stakeholders are increasingly using brand activism to understand a brand’s values and how it will treat them in the future. Brands do not have to give up profits or market share to be politically active, as long as they do it right. A few overarching practices can increase the likelihood of success on the twin goals of political impact and business performance. Showing authentic concern is important, and stakeholders expect more than just a glimpse into a company´s display windows to be convinced. Brand activism will remain part of the marketer’s playbook for as long as people use it to decide with whom they will entertain a business relationship.