bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History as diplomacy in early modern Europe. Emanuel van Meteren’s Historia Belgica and international relations, 1596–1640
Authors: Helmers Helmer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe history of historiography has tended to disregard translations of early modern European vernacular histories. Whereas sixteenth‐ and seventeenth‐century histories frequently circulated in various languages, scholarship has predominantly analysed them in national historiographical silos. This article argues that this practice has led us to underestimate the role vernacular histories could play in international relations. By analysing the case of Emanuel van Meteren’s history of the Dutch Revolt, which was translated, adapted, and reprinted in various European vernaculars, it aims to show how we might understand early modern history‐writing as an aspect of diplomacy: a mode of writing and reporting that was deeply embedded in diplomatic culture and that aimed to shape, and was shaped by, international relations. To achieve this, the article 1) shows how Van Meteren’s historical work was an outcome of his trade in diplomatic intelligence and his position in diplomatic networks; 2) outlines the complicated international afterlife of his Dutch text; 3) analyses the book’s impact on international relations. All three aspects, it is suggested, are typical for the kind of annalistic history‐writing Van Meteren practiced. His case might therefore serve as a model for further research into the role of history‐writing in early modern (public) diplomacy.
Emotion dysregulation acts in the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicidal ideation
Authors: Ponzoni Sara , Beomonte Zobel Sara , Rogier Guyonne , Velotti Patrizia 
Published: May 2021

Suicide behaviors are peculiar aspects of several cluster B disorders, including Narcissistic Personality Disorder. To date, it is still unclear which facet of narcissism is more related to the desire to die and which other factors are involved in this relationship. This study aims to offer preliminary empirical evidences concerning the relationship between narcissism, emotion dysregulation and suicide ideation. We administered the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), PID‐5‐BF (Personality Inventory for DSM‐5‐Short Form) and Beck Scale for Suicide ideation (BSI) to a sample of individuals with suicide ideation (n = 70) and a sample of community participants (n = 154). Controlling for age, gender and Negative Affectivity, we found that BSI scores correlated significantly with the vulnerable dimension of narcissism, but not with the grandiose one, and with all DERS dimension, apart from Awareness. Nevertheless, emotion dysregulation moderates the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and suicide ideation. Suicide ideation seems to be deeply connected with the vulnerable dimension of pathological narcissism and the relationship between the constructs is totally mediated by emotion dysregulation. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed.
Assessing predictors of futility in patients receiving massive transfusions
Authors: Lo Brian D. , Merkel Kevin R. , Dougherty James L. , Kajstura Tymoteusz J. , Cruz Nicolas C. , Sikorski Robert A. , Frank Steven M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMassive transfusions are associated with a high mortality rate, but there is little evidence indicating when such efforts are futile. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical variables that could be used as futility indicators in massively transfused patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 138 adult surgical patients at our institution receiving a massive transfusion (2016–2019). Peak lactate and nadir pH within 24 h of massive transfusion initiation, along with other clinical variables, were assessed as predictors of the primary outcome, in‐hospital mortality.ResultsThe overall rate of in‐hospital mortality among our patient population was 52.9% (n = 73). Increasing lactate and decreasing pH were associated with greater mortality among massively transfused patients. Mortality rates were ~2‐fold higher for patients in the highest lactate category (≥10.0 mmol/L: 25 of 37; 67.6%) compared to the lowest category (0.0–4.9 mmol/L: 17 of 48; 35.4%) (p = .005), and ~2.5‐fold higher for patients in the lowest pH category (<7.00: 8 of 9; 88.9%) compared to the highest category (≥7.40: 8 of 23; 34.7%) (p = .016). Increasing age was also associated with higher mortality (≥65 years: 24 of 33; 72.7%) when compared to younger patients (18–64 years: 49 of 105; 46.7%) (p = .010).ConclusionsPeak lactate ≥10.0 mmol/L, nadir pH <7.00, and age ≥65 years were significantly associated with higher rates of in‐hospital mortality among massively transfused patients. Incorporating these clinical parameters into a futility index for massive transfusions will be useful in situations where blood products are scarce and/or mortality may be unavoidable.
Survey ofTrichinellain American minks (Neovison visonSchreber, 1777) and wild rodents (Muridae and Cricetidae) in Chile
Authors: Espinoza‐Rojas Hellen , Lobos‐Chávez Felipe , Silva‐de la Fuente María Carolina , Echeverry Diana Maritza , Muñoz‐Galaz Javiera , Yáñez‐Crisóstomo Claudio , Oyarzún‐Ruiz Pablo , Ortega René , Sandoval Daniel , Henríquez AnaLía , Moreno Salas Lucila , Acosta‐Jamett Gerardo , Landaeta‐Aqueveque Carlos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrichinellosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution. Several hosts have been recognized around the world; however, there is a lack of knowledge of the role of feral mammals in Chile in its transmission. Herein, we tested muscle samples from 555 individuals among American minks (Neovison visonSchreber, 1777.n = 100) and several myomorph rodent species (Muridae and Cricetidae.n = 455) from southern Chile by artificial digestion to detectTrichinellalarvae and identified the larvae at the species level through molecular analyses. Rodents were captured in agricultural and wild protected areas of several administrative regions (hereafter: region), while minks were captured in agricultural areas of the Los Ríos region.Trichinella spiralislarvae were detected in a synanthropic black rat (0.24%) of the Ñuble region and in seven minks (7%) trapped in agricultural areas of the Los Ríos region. The present results suggest thatT. spiraliscirculation is restricted to synanthropic rodents and minks living in agricultural areas where the parasite circulates among domesticated pigs. This study represents the first record ofT. spiralisin a mustelid mammal in South America, increasing the number of feral species that could participate in the reservoir.
Evolution of Strain Gradient Formulation in Capturing Localization Phenomena in Granular Materials
Authors: Al Hattamleh O. , Muhunthan B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper highlights the use of incorporating strain gradient into flow stress to study localization behavior in materials. Pioneered by Zbib and Aifantis in the late 1980s, the formulation enabled incorporation of length scales into continuum formulations naturally. The formulation has also evolved into being able to study the effects of microstructure and heterogeneity on localization in granular materials. A multi-slip Mohr–Coulomb type plasticity model with the flow stress in the constitutive equation modified with a higher order gradient term of the effective plastic strain is used for this purpose. The possibility of abrupt changes of mobilized friction caused by intense shearing rate often leads to particle breakage. Its effects on localization are accounted for by modifying the material properties such as mobilized friction using a scaling parameter averaged over a representative elementary area. The change of shearing rate in the integration points was monitored through quasi-statistically measure parameter called inertia number. The inertia number was set to be less than l.0 × 10−3 all the time to consider quasi-static. The formulation was implemented into a finite element code and used to simulate plane strain compression tests on dry sand. The model highlights the effects of confining pressure, anisotropic microstructure, and the non-coaxial angle between the direction of principal stress and principal plastic strain rate directions on shear band characteristics.
Convolutional Neural Networks for the Localization of Plastic Velocity Gradient Tensor in Polycrystalline Microstructures
Authors: Montes de Oca Zapiain David , Shanker Apaar , Kalidindi Surya R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated the potential of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in producing low-computational cost surrogate models for the localization of mechanical fields in two-phase microstructures. The extension of the same CNNs to polycrystalline microstructures is hindered by the lack of an efficient formalism for the representation of the crystal lattice orientation in the input channels of the CNNs. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of using generalized spherical harmonics (GSH) for addressing this challenge. A CNN model was successfully trained to predict the local plastic velocity gradient fields in polycrystalline microstructures subjected to a macroscopically imposed loading condition. Specifically, it is demonstrated that the proposed approach improves significantly the accuracy of the CNN models when compared with the direct use of Bunge–Euler angles to represent the crystal orientations in the input channels. Since the proposed approach implicitly satisfies the expected crystal symmetries in the specification of the input microstructure to the CNN, it opens new research directions for the adoption of CNNs in addressing a broad range of polycrystalline microstructure design and optimization problems.
Damping and Bandgap Characteristics of a Viscoelastic Tensegrity Damper
Authors: Raafat M. , Baz A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A theoretical and experimental investigation of a new class of a tensegrity-based structural damper is presented. The damper is not only capable of attenuating undesirable structural vibrations, as all conventional dampers, but also capable of completely blocking the transmission of vibration over specific frequency bands by virtue of its periodicity. Such dual functionality distinguishes the tensegrity damper over its counterparts of existing structural dampers. Particular emphasis is placed here in presenting the concept and developing the mathematical model of the dynamics of a unit cell the damper. The model is then coupled with a Floquet–Bloch analysis in order to identify the bandgap characteristics of the damper. The predictions of the mathematical model are validated experimentally using a prototype of the damper which is built using 3D printing. Comprehensive material characterization of the damper is performed followed by a detailed extraction of the static and dynamic behavior of the damper in order to validate the theoretical predictions. Close agreement is observed between theory and experiments. The developed theoretical and experimental techniques provide invaluable means for the design of this new class of dampers, particularly for critical structural applications.
Long-term mortality among kidney transplant recipients with and without diabetes: a nationwide cohort study in the USA
Authors: Harding Jessica L , Pavkov Meda , Wang Zhensheng , Benoit Stephen , Burrows Nilka Ríos , Imperatore Giuseppina , Albright Ann L , Patzer Rachel 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionLittle is known about the role diabetes (type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D)) plays in modifying prognosis among kidney transplant recipients. Here, we compare mortality among transplant recipients with T1D, T2D and non-diabetes-related end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).Research design and methodsWe included 254 188 first-time single kidney transplant recipients aged ≥18 years from the US Renal Data System (2000–2018). Diabetes status, as primary cause of ESKD, was defined using International Classification of Disease 9th and 10th Clinical Modification codes. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models (right-censored) computed risk of death associated with T1D and T2D relative to non-diabetes. Trends in standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) (2000–2017), relative to the general US population, were assessed using Joinpoint regression.ResultsA total of 72 175 (28.4%) deaths occurred over a median survival time of 14.6 years. 5-year survival probabilities were 88%, 85% and 77% for non-diabetes, T1D and T2D, respectively. In adjusted models, mortality was highest for T1D (HR=1.95, (95% CI: 1.88 to 2.03)) and then T2D (1.65 (1.62 to 1.69)), as compared with non-diabetes. SMRs declined for non-diabetes, T1D, and T2D. However, in 2017, SMRs were 2.38 (2.31 to 2.45), 6.55 (6.07 to 7.06), and 3.82 (3.68 to 3.98), for non-diabetes, T1D and T2D, respectively.ConclusionsIn the USA, diabetes type is an important modifier in mortality risk among kidney transplant recipients with highest rates among people with T1D-related ESKD. Development of effective interventions that reduce excess mortality in transplant recipients with diabetes is needed, especially for T1D.
Implementing the Cardiff Model for violence prevention: using the diffusion of innovation theory to understand facilitators and barriers to implementation
Authors: Kohlbeck Sara , Levas Michael , Hernandez-Meier Jennifer , Hargarten Stephen 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveInterpersonal violence is an ongoing, vexing public health issue. Communities require comprehensive timely data on violence to plan and implement effective violence prevention strategies. Emergency departments (EDs) can play an important role in violence prevention. EDs treat injuries associated with violent crime, and they are well-positioned to systematically collect information about these injuries, including the location where the injury occurred. The Cardiff Model for Violence Prevention (The Cardiff Model) provides a framework for interdisciplinary data collection and sharing.MethodsThis paper uses the Diffusion of Innovation Theory as a framework to present our experiences of implementing the Cardiff Model in several EDs that serve the Milwaukee area, and to detail the processes of data collection, linking and presentation across four different hospital systems.ResultsImplementing a city-wide data collection effort that involves multiple hospital systems is challenging. Viewing our findings through the lens of the Diffusion of Innovations theory provides a way to anticipate facilitators and challenges to Cardiff Model implementation in a hospital setting.ConclusionsFacilitators and barriers to Cardiff Model adoption in the ED setting can be understood using the Diffusion of Innovation theory, and barriers can be interrupted through careful planning and continuous communication between partners.
Tumor mutational burden assessment in non-small-cell lung cancer samples: results from the TMB2 harmonization project comparing three NGS panels
Authors: Ramos-Paradas Javier , Hernández-Prieto Susana , Lora David , Sanchez Elena , Rosado Aranzazu , Caniego-Casas Tamara , Carrizo Nuria , Enguita Ana Belén , Muñoz-Jimenez María Teresa , Rodriguez Borja , Perez-Gonzalez Urbicio , Gómez-Sánchez David , Ferrer Irene , Ponce Aix Santiago , Nuñez Buiza Ángel , Garrido Pilar , Palacios José , Lopez-Rios Fernando , Garrido-Martin Eva M , Paz-Ares Luis 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundTumor mutational burden (TMB) is a recently proposed predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Available assays for TMB determination differ in horizontal coverage, gene content and algorithms, leading to discrepancies in results, impacting patient selection. A harmonization study of TMB assessment with available assays in a cohort of patients with NSCLC is urgently needed.MethodsWe evaluated the TMB assessment obtained with two marketed next generation sequencing panels: TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) and Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load (OTML) versus a reference assay (Foundation One, FO) in 96 NSCLC samples. Additionally, we studied the level of agreement among the three methods with respect to PD-L1 expression in tumors, checked the level of different immune infiltrates versus TMB, and performed an inter-laboratory reproducibility study. Finally, adjusted cut-off values were determined.ResultsBoth panels showed strong agreement with FO, with concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of 0.933 (95% CI 0.908 to 0.959) for TSO500 and 0.881 (95% CI 0.840 to 0.922) for OTML. The corresponding CCCs were 0.951 (TSO500-FO) and 0.919 (OTML-FO) in tumors with <1% of cells expressing PD-L1 (PD-L1<1%; N=55), and 0.861 (TSO500-FO) and 0.722 (OTML-FO) in tumors with PD-L1≥1% (N=41). Inter-laboratory reproducibility analyses showed higher reproducibility with TSO500. No significant differences were found in terms of immune infiltration versus TMB. Adjusted cut-off values corresponding to 10 muts/Mb with FO needed to be lowered to 7.847 muts/Mb (TSO500) and 8.380 muts/Mb (OTML) to ensure a sensitivity >88%. With these cut-offs, the positive predictive value was 78.57% (95% CI 67.82 to 89.32) and the negative predictive value was 87.50% (95% CI 77.25 to 97.75) for TSO500, while for OTML they were 73.33% (95% CI 62.14 to 84.52) and 86.11% (95% CI 74.81 to 97.41), respectively.ConclusionsBoth panels exhibited robust analytical performances for TMB assessment, with stronger concordances in patients with negative PD-L1 expression. TSO500 showed a higher inter-laboratory reproducibility. The cut-offs for each assay were lowered to optimal overlap with FO.
Incremental prognostic value of visually estimated coronary artery calcium in patients undergoing positron emission tomography imaging
Authors: Selvaraj Senthil , Khan Muhammad Shoaib , Vidula Mahesh K , Wiener Philip C , de Feria Alejandro E , Rojulpote Chaitanya , Krishnan Sheela , Tamrat Ruth , Julien Howard , Jacoby Douglas , Litt Harold , Pryma Daniel , Dubroff Jacob , Guerraty Marie A , Bravo Paco 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveVisually estimated coronary artery calcium (VECAC) from chest CT or attenuation correction (AC)/CT obtained during positron emission tomography (PET)–myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is feasible. Our aim was to determine the prognostic value of VECAC beyond conventional risk factors and PET imaging parameters, including coronary flow reserve (CFR).MethodsWe analysed 608 patients without known coronary artery disease who underwent PET–MPI between 2012 and 2016 and had AC/CT and/or chest CT images. We used Cox regression to estimate the association of VECAC categories (≤10, 11–400, >400 Agatston units (AU)) with the primary outcome of all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome or stroke (mean follow-up 4.3±1.8 years). C-statistics assessed the relationship between PET parameters and VECAC with the primary outcome.ResultsMean age was 58±11 years, 65% were women and 67% were black. VECAC ≤10, 11–400 and >400 AU was observed in 68%, 12% and 20% of subjects, respectively. Compared with VECAC ≤10, VECAC categories 11–400 (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.08) and >400 AU (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.87 to 4.98) were associated with the primary outcome after adjusting for traditional risk factors, MPI findings and CFR. Adding VECAC to a model that included PET–MPI, CFR and clinical risk factors improved the prognostic value for the primary outcomes (c-statistic 0.71 to 0.75 with VECAC, p=0.01).ConclusionsVECAC is a potent predictor of events beyond traditional risk factors and PET imaging markers, including CFR. These data further support the importance for routine VECAC implementation.
Physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - an agile lifelong behaviour: a qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Swärdh Emma , Opava Christina , Brodin Nina 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a cornerstone in the treatment. To highlight aspects involved in supporting a positive PA behaviour, it is important to understand the patients’ perceptions of the phenomenon.ObjectiveThe aim of this qualitative meta-synthesis was to explore and synthesise patient perceptions of PA in RA.MethodsA purposeful search was conducted across three online databases (PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science). The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised, and data were extracted and analysed using an interpretive inductive thematic synthesis.ResultsFifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. PA was identified as an agile lifelong behaviour, with one main theme: The disease as a persistent catalyst for or against PA illustrating how the constant presence of the disease itself underlies the entire process of a life with or without regular PA. Seven subthemes: ‘considering aggravated symptoms’, ‘acknowledging the impact on health’, ‘becoming empowered and taking action’, ‘keeping informed to increase awareness’, ‘creating body awareness’, ‘dealing with social support’ and ‘feeling satisfied with circumstances and achievements’ were interpreted as facilitators and/or challenges.ConclusionThis synthesis has identified PA as an agile lifelong behaviour in which the disease pervades all aspects of an individuals’ perception of PA. Placed in a theoretical context, our findings outline a model for tailoring PA support to the drivers and determinants of a certain individual, which will improve clinical practice for the benefit of both health professionals and patients with RA.
Evaluating structural edge importance in temporal networks
Authors: Seabrook Isobel E. , Barucca Paolo , Caccioli Fabio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo monitor risk in temporal financial networks, we need to understand how individual behaviours affect the global evolution of networks. Here we define a structural importance metric—which we denote as $l_{e}$

l
e

—for the edges of a network. The metric is based on perturbing the adjacency matrix and observing the resultant change in its largest eigenvalues. We then propose a model of network evolution where this metric controls the probabilities of subsequent edge changes. We show using synthetic data how the parameters of the model are related to the capability of predicting whether an edge will change from its value of $l_{e}$

l
e

. We then estimate the model parameters associated with five real financial and social networks, and we study their predictability. These methods have applications in financial regulation whereby it is important to understand how individual changes to financial networks will impact their global behaviour. It also provides fundamental insights into spectral predictability in networks, and it demonstrates how spectral perturbations can be a useful tool in understanding the interplay between micro and macro features of networks.