bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Structural Injustice Turn, the Historical Justice Dilemma and Assigning Responsibility with the Canadian TRC Report
Authors: James Matt 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the historical justice dilemma: although critical memory is indispensable for accountability, efforts to use it are often hampered by the unjust relations and systems that caused the wrongs to which historical justice is compelled to respond in the first place. Contemporary authors tackle this problem by focusing on collective responsibility for structural injustice. This article takes a different tack. Studying closely the 2009–2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) report, it argues that the structural turn may come at the expense of a focus on agency and may thus provide unwitting anonymity for wrongdoers while crimping our thinking about leadership and responsibility. Although this article strongly criticizes the TRC report, it tries to work constructively with it, developing an analysis that compensates for the report's unwitting invisibilization of perpetrators. Distilling portraits and analyses of wrongdoer agency that are latent in the TRC's postwar history volume, this article shows how we can develop the report as a resource of what I call retributive social accountability.
What Moooves Opinion? Examining the Correlates and Dynamics of Mass Support for Supply Management in the Agriculture Sector
Authors: Rivard Alex B. , Merkley Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSupply management is a long-standing agricultural policy in Canada that applies to dairy, poultry and eggs. To date, there exists no academic research on the correlates or dynamics of public support for supply management. We use data collected from the Digital Democracy Project's study of the 2019 Canadian election, including results from a between-subjects framing experiment, to show that support for supply management is most opposed by economic conservatives. However, we find support to be highly malleable by framing: it increases when respondents are primed to think of the policy as a way of protecting farmers and decreases when they are primed to think of its costs to consumers. Contrary to expectations, framing effects are not stronger when messages are ideologically congenial or among those with high levels of policy knowledge. If anything, effects are stronger among those with lower levels of knowledge.
A NEGLECTED MANUSCRIPT OF THE GLOSSARY OF PLACIDUS AND THE HISTORY OF THE TEXT
Authors: Welsh Jarrett T. , Hill Jesse 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper identifies a neglected manuscript, Viterbo, Centro Diocesano di Documentazione (CeDiDo), Capitolare 51 (R), as the extant archetype of the Libri Romani version of the glossary of Placidus. It first demonstrates that R is the parent of the three witnesses to the Libri Romani text used by editors, and it considers the implications of the neglected manuscript for future editions of the text. It then corroborates the importance of R by tracing its travels in humanistic and antiquarian circles in Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This history provides a framework for future research on the textual transmission of the Libri Romani text of Placidus.
Media influence on public policy in Kenya
Authors: Irwin David , Kiereini Njeri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany scholars argue that the media can influence policymakers – determining the policy agenda, framing issues, prioritising issues and, on occasion, setting the policy as well. It could be, however, that skilled policymakers exploit the media, so that the media in fact reflects the issues that policymakers want debated. This then poses an important question of whether the media does indeed influence the public policy process. The topic of media influence is widely studied in consolidated democracies but there has been limited research in consolidating democracies. This paper addresses both of these gaps – through exploring the extent to which the media influences policymakers in Kenya, a country perceived to have a moderately free press and one in which a range of interest groups vie to influence government and thus with a media likely to carry a range of competing opinions.
Recycled rhetoric: examining continuities in political rhetoric as a resilience strategy in pre-independence and post-genocide Rwanda
Authors: Laws Meghan C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeen as one of Africa's most visionary and enlightened autocrats, Paul Kagame's presidency is often contrasted with the violence and ethnocentrism of his discredited predecessors. Drawing on rarely analysed primary sources, this article disputes this simplified narrative by revealing striking continuities in the ruling elite's rhetorical repertoire in the late colonial period (1956–1959) and present-day Rwanda. Both then and now, rhetorical calls to remove ethnic labels from public discourse in the name of national unity are key resilience strategies designed to shape regime relations with domestic and international audiences in ways that reinforce power concentration by a small (largely Tutsi) elite. Changes in the distribution of power and the scale of anti-Tutsi violence (most notably in 1994) help explain why a similar rhetorical strategy failed to prevent the dismantling of the Tutsi oligarchy in 1961 while strengthening its contemporary counterpart.
Influence of Stand Age And Structure on the Epiphytic Lichen Vegetation
in the Middle-Boreal Forests of Finland
Authors: Hyvärinen M. , Halonen P. , Kauppi M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The epiphytic lichen vegetation on the trunks of Pinus
sylvestris and Picea abies was studied and analysed by
canonical correspondence analysis in relation to a number of environmental
variables. The distribution and abundance of epiphytic lichen species proved
to be dependent on the age of the stand, showing divergent responses in
relation to phorophyte species and environmental variables such as acidity
of the bark and vertical location on the trunk. The importance of stand age
in the pattern of community variation is concluded to be an outcome of
interaction between changes in the structure of the tree canopy,
microclimate and properties of the bark. The responses of single lichen
species to changes in the environment seem to vary considerably, indicating
differences in competitive ability and ecological strategy between the
species.
Social Democratic Party Exceptionalism and Transnational Policy Linkages
Authors: Schleiter Petra , Böhmelt Tobias , Ezrow Lawrence , Lehrer Roni 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTPolitical parties learn from foreign incumbents, that is, parties abroad that won office. But does the scope of this cross-national policy diffusion vary with the party family that generates those incumbents? The authors argue that party family conditions transnational policy learning when it makes information on the positions of sister parties more readily available and relevant. Both conditions apply to social democratic parties. Unlike other party families, social democrats have faced major competitive challenges since the 1970s and they exhibit exceptionally strong transnational organizations—factors, the authors contend, that uniquely facilitate cross-national policy learning from successful parties within the family. The authors analyze parties’ policy positions using spatial methods and find that social democratic parties are indeed exceptional because they emulate one another across borders more than do Christian democratic and conservative parties. These findings have important implications for our understanding of political representation and of social democratic parties’ election strategies over the past forty years.
Task-based torque minimization of a 3-PṞR spherical parallel manipulator
Authors: Zarkandi Soheil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA comprehensive dynamic modeling and actuator torque minimization of a new symmetrical three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) 3-PṞR spherical parallel manipulator (SPM) is presented. Three actuating systems, each of which composed of an electromotor, a gearbox and a double Rzeppa-type driveshaft, produce input torques of the manipulator. Kinematics of the 3-PṞR SPM was recently studied by the author (Zarkandi, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0954406220938806). In this paper, a closed-form dynamic equation of the manipulator is derived with the Newton–Euler approach. Then, an optimization problem with kinematic and dynamic constraints is presented to minimize torques of the actuators for implementing a given task. The results are also verified by the SimMechanics model of the manipulator.
Stages of Acquisition and the P/E Model of Working Memory: Complementary or contrasting approaches to foreign language aptitude?
Authors: Wen Zhisheng (Edward) , Skehan Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the roles of both working memory (WM) and more traditional aptitude components, such as input processing and language analytic ability in the context of foreign language learning aptitude. More specifically, the paper compares two current perspectives on language aptitude: the Stages Approach (Skehan, 2016, 2019) and the P/E Model (Wen, 2016, 2019). Input processing and noticing, pattern identification and complexification, and feedback are examined as they relate to both perspectives and are then used to discuss existing aptitude testing, recent research, and broader theoretical issues. It is argued that WM and language aptitude play different but complementary roles at each of these stages, reflecting the various linguistic and psycholinguistic processes that are most prominent in other aspects of language learning. Overall, though both perspectives posit that WM and language aptitude have equal importance at the input processing stage, they exert greater influence at each of the remaining stages. More traditional views of aptitude dominate at the pattern identification and complexification stage and WM with the feedback stage.
Rendering Inuit cancer “visible”: Geography, pathology, and nosology in Arctic cancer research
Authors: Fraser Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

ArgumentIn August of 1977, Australian pathologist David W. Buntine delivered a presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia in Melbourne, Victoria. In this presentation, he used the diagnostic category of “Eskimoma,” to describe a unique set of salivary gland tumors he had observed over the past five years within Winnipeg’s Health Sciences Center. Only found amongst Inuit patients, these tumors were said to have unique histological, clinical, and epidemiological features and were unlike any other disease category that had ever been encountered before. To understand where this nosological category came from, and its long-term impact, this paper traces the historical trajectory of the “Eskimoma.” In addition to discussing the methods and infrastructures that were essential to making the idea of Inuit cancer “visible,” to the pathologist, the epidemiologist, and to society at large, this paper discusses how Inuit tissue samples obtained, stored, and analyzed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, came to be codified into a new, racially based disease category – one that has guided Canadian and international understandings of circumpolar cancer trends and shaped northern healthcare service delivery for the past sixty years.
The effects of publishing processes on scientific thought: Typography and typology in prehistoric archaeology (1950s–1990s)
Authors: Plutniak Sébastien 
Published: June 2021

ArgumentIn the last decades, many changes have occurred in scientific publishing, including online publication, data repositories, file formats and standards. The role played by computers in this process rekindled the argument on forms of technical determinism. This paper addresses this old debate by exploring the case of publishing processes in prehistoric archaeology during the second part of the twentieth century, prior to the wide-scale adoption of computers. It investigates the case of a collective and international attempt to standardize the typological analysis of prehistoric lithic objects, coinedtypologie analytiqueby Georges Laplace and developed by a group of French, Italian, and Spanish researchers. The aim of this paper is to: 1) present a general bibliometric scenario of prehistoric archaeology publishing in continental Europe; 2) report on the little-knowntypologie analytiquemethod in archaeology, using publications, archives, and interviews; 3) show how the publication of scientific production was shaped by social (editorial policies, support networks) and material (typography features and publication formats) constraints; and 4) highlight how actors founded resources to control and counterbalance these effects, namely by changing and improving publishing formats.
Newton, the sensorium of God, and the cause of gravity
Authors: Henry John 
Published: June 2021

ArgumentIt is argued that the sensorium of God was introduced into theQuaestionesadded to the end of Newton’sOptice(1706) as a way of answering objections that Newton had failed to provide a causal account of gravity in thePrincipia. The discussion of God’s sensorium indicated that gravity must be caused by God’s will. Newton did not leave it there, however, but went on to show how God’s will created active principles as secondary causes of gravity. There was nothing unusual in assuming that God, acting as the First Cause, operated in nature by means of secondary causes; but it was unusual to devote as much time to discussing God’s precise role as to discussing the secondary causes themselves. It is contended that Newton felt the need to do this to persuade readers that what might seem like a second cause that could not possibly work could be made to work by the omnipotent God.
Airway obstruction in children with complex conotruncal cardiac anomalies
Authors: Wein Courtney E. , Cervantes Luisa , Sasaki Nao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe incidence of airway obstruction in patients with complex CHD other than vascular rings and absent pulmonary valve syndrome is unknown. We reviewed pre-operative CT and clinical data of children with conotruncal abnormalities to assess for airway obstruction. Airway obstruction was common (41% of patients), often moderate to severe, of diverse aetiology, and most commonly associated with a right aortic arch. Patients with airway obstruction showed a trend towards a higher mortality rate. Patients with complex conotruncal abnormalities should be assessed for airway obstruction as it may help predict the need for additional interventions and assist with prognostication.
Cardiac abnormalities determined by tissue Doppler imaging and arrhythmias in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nehgme Vicente , Rios Patricia , Acevedo Valeria , Alvarez Patricia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground:Anorexia nervosa has a prevalence of 0.5–3% in adolescents, placing this population at increased risk of cardiac anomalies including arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, and myocardial dysfunction. Our objective is to describe cardiovascular anomalies observed by tissue Doppler imaging in patients with anorexia nervosa.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed electrocardiogram, Holter, and echocardiography findings in 28 patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.Results:Electrocardiogram was abnormal in 71% of patients with sinus bradycardia observed in 57%. Holter confirmed sinus bradycardia without significant pauses. Prolonged QTc, low voltage, and ectopic beats were each seen in 14% of patients. Wenckebach atrioventricular block was observed in one patient. Supraventricular or ventricular tachycardia was not observed. Echocardiography showed structurally normal heart in all patients. Pericardial effusion was seen in 7.1% of patients and left ventricular mass was decreased in 10.7%. Mean ejection fraction was 0.73 and mean fractional shortening was 38.4%. Tissue Doppler imaging revealed systolic or diastolic dysfunction in four patients with e’, a’, and s’ velocities in the lateral and septal basal segments more than two standard deviations below the mean. Two patients had decreased left ventricular mass but no significant difference in disease duration from the group. Basal segment velocities below one standard deviation were also observed in an additional seven patients.Conclusion:A trend for decreased tissue Doppler imaging velocities was seen in 25.0% of patients, while significant systolic and diastolic dysfunction was seen in 14.3% of patients, associated with a significant reduction in left ventricular mass and independent of disease duration.
Motivating cocoa farmers to adopt agroforestry practices for mitigating climate change
Authors: Arimi Kayode , Omoare Ayodeji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the adverse effects of climate change becoming more prominent, more effective strategies for reducing the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels are required for mitigating further climate change. Increasing use of renewable energy by farmers motivated to practice agroforestry is one natural solution for reducing those climate change impacts. Unfortunately, climate change mitigation through agroforestry has been inhibited by a lack of scientific validation. In this paper, we ascertain factors that motivate African cocoa farmers to use agroforestry practices for enhancing food production as well as for mitigating climate change. We analyzed data collected from 120 farmers from the Oyo state of Nigeria through descriptive and regression analysis statistical tools. We found that access to information (β = 0.23, t = 2.18) and extension service (β = 0.23, t = 2.27) was associated with greater willingness of farmers to participate in agroforestry whereas negative attitudes (β = −0.29, t = −3.21) were associated with a lower involvement of cocoa farmers in agroforestry practices. We conclude that effective climate change mitigation programs need to do more to motivate farmers to adopt agroforestry practices by increasing their understanding of the benefits to be derived from carbon markets and by providing them with the necessary tools for employing these practices for climate change mitigation and more sustainable food production.
The Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus: Standardizing Heterogeneous Variables in Paleoscience
Authors: Morrill Carrie , Thrasher Bridget , Lockshin Samuel N. , Gille Edward P. , McNeill Shelley , Shepherd Ethan , Gross Wendy S. , Bauer Bruce A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPaleoscience data are extremely heterogeneous; hundreds of different types of measurements and reconstructions are routinely made by scientists on a variety of types of physical samples. This heterogeneity is one of the biggest barriers to finding paleoclimatic records, to building large‐scale data products, and to the use of paleoscience data beyond the community of specialists. Here, we document the Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) thesaurus, the first authoritative vocabulary of standardized variable names for paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental data developed in a formal knowledge organization structure. This structure is designed to improve data set discovery, support automated processing of data, and provide connectivity to other vocabularies. PaST is now used operationally at the World Data Service for Paleoclimatology (WDS‐Paleo), one of the largest repositories of paleoscience information. Terms from the PaST thesaurus standardize a broad array of paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic measured and inferred variables, providing enough detail for accurate and precise data discovery and thereby promoting data reuse. We describe the main design decisions and features of the thesaurus, the governance structure for ongoing maintenance, and WDS‐Paleo services that now employ PaST. These services include an advanced search by variable name, an interface for thesaurus navigation, and a machine‐readable representation in the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) standard. This overview is designed for developers of thesauri, data contributors, and users of the WDS‐Paleo, and serves as a building block for future efforts within the broader paleoscience community to improve how data are described for long‐term findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability.
Ionospheric Scintillation Data Inversion to Characterize the Structures Associated With a Series of Polar Cap Patches
Authors: Conroy James P. , Deshpande Kshitija , Kunduri Bharat , Varney Roger H. , Scales Wayne , Zaghloul Amir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present the results of an inversion of ionospheric phase scintillation data to characterize the plasma density irregularity parameters for the structures associated with a series of Polar Cap Patches. The parameter estimates obtained during the inversion suggests that the irregularities associated with Polar Cap Patches are predominantly composed of moderately elongated electron density rods aligned with the earth's magnetic field which in some instances are interbedded within sheet and wing like density structures. Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of the axial ratio (AXRs), which are the ratios of irregularity elongation parallel and perpendicular to the field, indicates that the measured phase scintillation indices increase roughly proportionally with AXR values for the rods but remain roughly constant for wings and sheets. These findings indicate that while wings and sheets can produce phase fluctuations, it is the apparent existence of rods that mark the occurrence of plasma processes that lead to the formation of field‐aligned irregularities that produce phase scintillations which are most significant.
Unintended Consequences of Selective Water Withdrawals From Reservoirs Alter Downstream Macroinvertebrate Communities
Authors: Murphy Christina A. , Johnson Sherri L. , Gerth William , Pierce Todd , Taylor Gregory 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRegulated rivers downstream of dams often exhibit highly modified thermal regimes in addition to modified hydrologic regimes; downstream river temperatures can be seasonally much warmer or cooler than unregulated streams. Selective water withdrawals can be used to minimize thermal impacts to downstream reaches. However, other water quality parameters, in‐reservoir production, and species composition also vary with depth. In the South Fork McKenzie River, in the Pacific Northwest of North America, an existing large dam was retrofitted to mix and export water from multiple depths, allowing dam operators to adjust the outflow temperatures to be in sync with the upstream thermal regime. We examined benthic macroinvertebrate responses after implementation of selective water withdrawal, comparing it to thermally similar flow‐through conditions, expecting to see shifts in the community over time to resemble upstream, undammed reaches. However, species composition and traits downstream of the dam became more dissimilar to upstream and to flow‐through after selective water withdrawal. These changes included increases in non‐insect taxa and taxa known to feed on plankton and detritus. The most likely explanation for this transition is that selective water withdrawal from multiple depths of a stratified reservoir included epilimnetic releases, which resulted in increased export of plankton and organic material downstream. This strategy favored taxa able to capitalize on resource subsidies from the reservoir. Our findings highlight the interconnected nature of responses to dams and dam operations, including the importance of considering biotic communities in addition to temperature and flow when planning water management strategies.