bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multitask fMRI and machine learning approach improve prediction of differential brain activity pattern in patients with insomnia disorder
Authors: Lee Mi Hyun , Kim Nambeom , Yoo Jaeeun , Kim Hang-Keun , Son Young-Don , Kim Young-Bo , Oh Seong Min , Kim Soohyun , Lee Hayoung , Jeon Jeong Eun , Lee Yu Jin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigated the differential spatial covariance pattern of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses to single-task and multitask functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) between patients with psychophysiological insomnia (PI) and healthy controls (HCs), and evaluated features generated by principal component analysis (PCA) for discrimination of PI from HC, compared to features generated from BOLD responses to single-task fMRI using machine learning methods. In 19 patients with PI and 21 HCs, the mean beta value for each region of interest (ROIbval) was calculated with three contrast images (i.e., sleep-related picture, sleep-related sound, and Stroop stimuli). We performed discrimination analysis and compared with features generated from BOLD responses to single-task fMRI. We applied support vector machine analysis with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to evaluate five performance metrics: accuracy, recall, precision, specificity, and F2. Principal component features showed the best classification performance in all aspects of metrics compared to BOLD response to single-task fMRI. Bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (orbital), right calcarine cortex, right lingual gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, and left inferior temporal gyrus were identified as the most salient areas by feature selection. Our approach showed better performance in discriminating patients with PI from HCs, compared to single-task fMRI.
Higher CD4/CD8 ratio of pleural effusion predicts better survival for lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Lee Po-Hsin , Yang Tsung-Ying , Chen Kun-Chieh , Huang Yen-Hsiang , Tseng Jeng-Sen , Hsu Kuo-Hsuan , Wu Yu-Chen , Liu Ko-Jiunn , Chang Gee-Chen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPleural effusion is a rare immune-related adverse event for lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We enrolled 281 lung cancer patients treated with ICIs and 17 were analyzed. We categorized the formation of pleural effusion into 3 patterns: type 1, rapid and massive; type 2, slow and indolent; and type 3, with disease progression. CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.93 was selected as the cutoff threshold to predict survival. Most patients of types 1 and 2 effusions possessed pleural effusion with CD4/CD8 ratios ≥ 1.93. The median OS time in type 1, 2, and 3 patients were not reached, 24.8, and 2.6 months, respectively. The median PFS time in type 1, 2, and 3 patients were 35.5, 30.2, and 1.4 months, respectively. The median OS for the group with pleural effusion CD4/CD8 ≥ 1.93 and < 1.93 were not reached and 2.6 months. The median PFS of those with pleural effusion CD4/CD8 ≥ 1.93 and < 1.93 were 18.4 and 1.2 months. In conclusion, patients with type 1 and 2 effusion patterns had better survival than those with type 3. Type 1 might be interpreted as pseudoprogression of malignant pleural effusion. CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1.93 in pleural effusion is a good predicting factor for PFS.
Measuring Stakeholder Perceptions: A Review of Social Validity Reporting in ASHA Journals
Authors: Olszewski Arnold , Rae Kirsty 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
Intervention research in speech-language pathology is growing; however, there remains a gap between research and clinical practice. To promote evidence-based practice, stakeholder input may be solicited during the development and evaluation of treatments. One method of evaluating stakeholder input is by subjectively measuring social validity. Social validity probes end users' satisfaction and acceptability of a treatment.

Method

This review article explores the type and frequency of subjective social validity measures reported in speech-language pathology treatment literature published in
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology; Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research;
and
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
from January 2017 through April 2019. In total, 93 treatment studies were included and coded descriptively.

Results

Of the 93 treatment studies included in this review, 20 reported subjective measures of social validity. The most common method of measurement was questionnaires (
n
= 19), followed by interviews (
n
= 5), and direct observation (
n
= 1).

Conclusions
Only 21.5% of reviewed speech-language pathology treatment articles from American Speech-Language-Hearing Association journals reported measures of social validity, although it is a crucial component of implementation of evidence-based practice. We urge researchers and journal editors to include social validity measures in treatment literature as we promote the uptake of evidence-based practices and the involvement of stakeholders during the development of evidence-based practices. We also encourage the development of social validity measures that can be validated on individuals with communication disorders.
Rôle des accélérateurs de particules dans la lutte contre le SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bayat Sam , Delerue Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

À travers le monde, les équipes sanitaires ont été en première ligne pour lutter contre la propagation du virus SARS-CoV-2, responsable de la pandémie de Covid-19. Au-delà du traitement de l’urgence médicale, des recherches sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre comment inhiber les mécanismes d’action du virus.
On peut, entre autres, imager par diffraction la structure de ses protéines grâce au rayonnement X synchrotron ou à des flux de neutrons, ou étudier les lésions qui se forment dans les poumons.
Comment les bactéries explorent les surfaces…
Authors: Peruani Fernando 
Published: April 2021

Comment une bactérie peut-elle explorer le mieux possible l’espace autour d’elle, en particulier quand elle est au voisinage d’une paroi ? La bactérie et les physiciens semblent d’accord sur la solution : un subtil compromis entre avancer, tourner et adhérer par intermittence.
Piégées par les interactions hydrodynamiques, les bactéries arrivent à se déplacer sur des surfaces en s’y collant transitoirement.
Häufigkeit und Strahlenexposition nuklearmedizinischer Untersuchungen in Deutschland
Authors: Borowski Markus , Pirl Lukas , Happel Christian , Hellwig Dirk , Mix Michael , Wiggermann Philipp 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungNeun Jahre nach der letzten bundesweiten Erhebung von Daten zur Häufigkeit und Strahlenexposition nuklearmedizinischer Untersuchungen wurde in 71 Einrichtungen erneut ein umfangreicher Datensatz für die Jahre 2016 und 2017 zusammengetragen und analysiert. Die Auswertung basierte auf möglichst vollständigen Daten sämtlicher Untersuchungen des Erhebungszeitraums. Erstmalig wurden ebenfalls Daten zu computertomografischen (CT)-Untersuchungen im Rahmen der Hybridbildgebung erfasst. Die relative Häufigkeit untersuchter Organbereiche hat sich im Vergleich zur Vorgängerstudie relevant geändert. Die relative Häufigkeit von Schilddrüsen- und Skelettuntersuchungen ist deutlich rückläufig. Der Anteil der PET-Bildgebung hat sich mehr als verdoppelt. Die anhand applizierter Aktivitäten berechnete effektive Dosis sank im Mittel um mehr als 25 %, was jedoch vornehmlich auf Änderungen in den Dosiskoeffizienten zurückzuführen ist. Bei Untersuchungen, für die diagnostische Referenzwerte (DRW) existieren, sind Konvergenzen applizierter Aktivitäten zu diesen Werten erkennbar. Bei anderen Untersuchungen ist die Verteilung der in Einrichtungen im Mittel applizierten Aktivitäten teilweise recht heterogen. Die Höhe der Dosis der CT-Untersuchungen, die im Rahmen der Hybridbildgebung durchgeführt werden, unterscheidet sich relevant zwischen einzelnen Einrichtungen. Darüber hinaus besteht eine deutliche Überlappung der Verteilungen der Dosiswerte bei diagnostischen CT-Untersuchungen und solchen, die nach Aussage der Anwender ausschließlich zur Schwächungskorrektur und anatomischen Koregistrierung durchgeführt wurden.
Seltene Erkrankungen des vestibulären Labyrinths: von Zebras, Chamäleons und Wölfen im Schafspelz
Authors: Dlugaiczyk Julia 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Differenzialdiagnose von Erkrankungen des vestibulären Labyrinths stellt eine grosse Herausforderung dar, da sich hinter dem sehr häufigen Leitsymptom «Schwindel» viele verschiedene und v. a. seltene Erkrankungen verbergen können. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die für den HNO-Arzt wichtigen seltenen Erkrankungen des vestibulären Labyrinths ausgehend von ihrer klinischen Präsentation als akutes (AVS), episodisches (EVS) oder chronisches vestibuläres Syndrom (CVS). Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den EVS, sortiert nach ihrer Dauer und dem Vorhandensein von Triggern (Sekunden, ohne Trigger: Vestibularisparoxysmie, Tumarkin-Krise; Sekunden, lärm- und druckinduziert: Syndrome des «dritten Fensters»; Sekunden bis Minuten, positionsabhängig: seltene Varianten und Differenzialdiagnosen des benignen paroxysmalen Lagerungsschwindels; Stunden bis Tage, spontan: intralabyrinthäre Schwannome, Tumoren des endolymphatischen Sacks, Autoimmunerkrankungen des Innenohres). Des Weiteren werden seltene Differenzialdiagnosen eines AVS (Neuritis vestibularis inf., Otolithenfunktionsstörungen, vaskuläre Ursachen, akute bilaterale Vestibulopathie) und eines CVS (bilaterale Vestibulopathie) erläutert. Dabei werden insbesondere die entscheidenden diagnostischen Massnahmen für die Identifikation der einzelnen Krankheitsbilder und die Warnzeichen für potentiell gefährliche Ursachen (z. B. Labyrinthinfarkt/-blutung) dargelegt. Somit dient dieser Beitrag dem HNO-Arzt in Klinik und Praxis als eine Art «Vademecum» für die zügige Identifikation und zeitnahe Therapie seltener Erkrankungen des Gleichgewichtsorgans.
Seltene Erkrankungen und Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf und
Halschirurgie
Authors: Plontke Stefan K. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungSeltene Erkrankungen stellen betroffene Patienten, ihre Angehörigen,
Ärzte, Pflegekräfte und Therapeuten oft vor besondere
Herausforderungen. Ihre Seltenheit erschwert aus medizinischen und
ökonomischen Gründen häufig die Forschung und die
medizinische Versorgung. Viele typische Krankheiten im HNO-Fachgebiet
zählen definitionsgemäß allein aufgrund ihrer
Prävalenz zu den seltenen Erkrankungen. Die Einleitung der richtigen
Schritte zum Management dieser Patienten setzt Kenntnisse über die
Diagnostik, über bestehende Ressourcen wie Zentren, Netzwerke und
Register, die Besonderheiten in der Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung, die Nachsorge
einschließlich der Kommunikation mit den betreuenden
Hausärzten und die Rolle von Selbsthilfegruppen voraus. Von
besonderem Interesse für die Universitätsmedizin und die
wissenschaftliche Fachgesellschaft sind die Besonderheiten im Bereich der
Forschung einschließlich der europäischen Vernetzung und
Forschungsförderung, des Informationsmanagements, der
Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, der Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung, Aspekte
der Finanzierung sowie regulatorische Aspekte, wie Orphan Drugs und
klinische Studien bei kleinen Populationen.
Effect of Probiotic Consumption on Immune Response in Athletes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Tavakoly Rahele , Hadi Amir , Rafie Nahid , Talaei Behrouz , Marx Wolfgang , Arab Arman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe possible effect of probiotic interventions on immunological markers in athletes is inconclusive. Therefore, to synthesize and quantitatively analyze the existing evidence on this topic, systematic literature searches of online databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Sciences was carried out up to February 2021 to find all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the immunological effects of probiotics in athletes. In the random-effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) explained the net effect. The authors assessed the likelihood of publication bias via Egger’s and Begg’s statistics. A total of 13 RCTs (836 participants) were retrieved. Probiotic consumption reduced lymphocyte T cytotoxic count significantly (WMD=−0.08 cells×109/L; 95% CI: −0.15 to −0.01; p=0.022) with evidence of moderate heterogeneity (I
2=59.1%, p=0.044) and monocyte count when intervention duration was ≤ 4 weeks (WMD=−0.08 cells×109/L; 95% CI: −0.16 to −0.001; I
2=0.0%). Furthermore, leukocyte count was significantly elevated (WMD=0.48 cells×109/L; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.93; I
2=0.0%) when multi-strain probiotics were used. Probiotic supplements may improve immunological markers, including lymphocyte T cytotoxic, monocyte, and leukocyte in athletes. Further randomized controlled trials using diverse strains of probiotics and consistent outcome measures are necessary to allow for evidence-based recommendations.
Homeopathic Treatment of a Lower Leg Edema—A Case Report
Authors: Pannek Jürgen , Pannek-Rademacher Susanne 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Homeopathy is frequently and successfully used in daily clinical practice, so there is a need for well-documented case reports that illustrate its effectiveness. For this reason, we present a case in which homeopathy was used to treat an ankle and lower leg for spontaneous acute swelling and redness.
Case Report A 54-year-old man presented with recurrence of a swollen left ankle and lower leg, which had previously been treated by conventional medicine. After case taking, a homeopathic treatment with Apis mellifica 200c led to a fast improvement. The patient was free of symptoms within 24 hours and has remained so for 3 years.
Conclusion Homeopathic treatment with Apis mellifica led to a fast and long-lasting improvement of an acute ankle swelling and reddening that had recurred after conventional medical therapy of similar symptoms.
Comparison of Bleeding Risk Scores in Elderly Patients Receiving Extended Anticoagulation with Vitamin K Antagonists for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Frei Andrea N. , Stalder Odile , Limacher Andreas , Méan Marie , Baumgartner Christine , Rodondi Nicolas , Aujesky Drahomir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background In elderly patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE), the decision to extend anticoagulation beyond 3 months must be weighed against the bleeding risk. We compared the predictive performance of 10 clinical bleeding scores (VTE-BLEED, Seiler, Kuijer, Kearon, RIETE, ACCP, OBRI, HEMORR2HAGES, HAS-BLED, ATRIA) in elderly patients receiving extended anticoagulation for VTE.
Methods In a multicenter Swiss cohort study, we analyzed 743 patients aged ≥65 years who received extended treatment with vitamin K antagonists after VTE. The outcomes were the time to a first major and clinically relevant bleeding. For each score, we classified patients into two bleeding risk categories (low/moderate vs. high). We calculated likelihood ratios and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each score.
Results Over a median anticoagulation duration of 10.1 months, 45 patients (6.1%) had a first major and 127 (17.1%) a clinically relevant bleeding. The positive likelihood ratios for predicting major bleeding ranged from 0.69 (OBRI) to 2.56 (Seiler) and from 1.07 (ACCP) to 2.36 (Seiler) for clinically relevant bleeding. The areas under the ROC curves were poor to fair and varied between 0.47 (OBRI) and 0.70 (Seiler) for major and between 0.52 (OBRI) and 0.67 (HEMORR2HAGES) for clinically relevant bleeding.
Conclusion The predictive performance of most clinical bleeding risk scores does not appear to be sufficiently high to identify elderly patients with VTE who are at high risk of bleeding and who may therefore not be suitable candidates for extended anticoagulation.
Microparticles: An Alternative Explanation to the Behavior of Vascular Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Álvarez Daniel , Rúa Carolina , Cadavid J Ángela P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by the persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, along with occurrence of vascular thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. The variety of antiphospholipid antibodies and their related mechanisms, as well as the behavior of disease in wide groups of patients, have led some authors to propose a differentiation of this syndrome into two independent entities: vascular and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. Thus, previous studies have discussed whether specific autoantibodies may be responsible for this differentiation or, in contrast, how the same antibodies are able to generate two different clinical presentations. This discussion is yet to be settled. The capability of serum IgG from patients with vascular thrombosis to trigger the biogenesis of endothelial cell-derived microparticles in vitro is one of the previously discussed differences between the clinical entities of antiphospholipid syndrome. These vesicles constitute a prothrombotic mechanism as they can directly lead to clot activation in murine models and recalcified human plasma. Nevertheless, other indirect mechanisms by which microparticles can spread a procoagulant phenotype could be critical to understanding their role in antiphospholipid syndrome. For this reason, questions regarding the cargo of microparticles, and the signaling pathways involved in their biogenesis, are of interest in attempting to explain the behavior of this autoimmune disease.
Rules of formation of H–C–N–O compounds at high pressure and the fates of planetary ices
Authors: Conway Lewis J. , Pickard Chris J. , Hermann Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Significance
The planetary ices water, methane, and ammonia, deep inside icy planets, are subject to compression work that matches chemical bond energies. Icy mixtures are then free to form entirely new compounds, based on the energy landscape of the H–C–N–O elemental chemical space. Here, we present an exhaustive survey of this quaternary space aimed at exploring pressure-induced chemical changes, based on structure searches at 5 million atm. Led by the simplest possible compound, HCNO, we find that, at this pressure, stable compounds emerge from simple chemical rules of balanced redox reactions and filled electronic shells. They are mostly hydrogen-poor to form high-density materials. Planetary ice mixtures react to form host–guest compounds, long hydrocarbons, and other materials.
Verticillium dahliae (Verticillium wilt).
Authors: Subbarao Krishna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction: V. dahliae affects many important crops worldwide and causes economically significant losses in many countries (Pegg and Brady, 2002; Inderbitzin and Subbarao, 2014). History shows that V. dahliae has the potential to evolve new strains that can overcome the resistance in commercial cultivars, particularly in cotton, lettuce, tomato and sunflower. It has also shown that the pathogen can be taken to new areas and cause serious losses (Nachmias and Krikun, 1985). Thus, for many vulnerable crops, selection for wilt resistance remains a major criterion of disease management.
Vibrational CARS measurements in a near-atmospheric pressure plasma jet in nitrogen: II. Analysis
Authors: Kuhfeld J , Luggenhölscher D , Czarnetzki U 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The understanding of the ro-vibrational dynamics in molecular (near)-atmospheric pressure plasmas is essential to investigate the influence of vibrational excited molecules on the discharge properties. In a companion paper Kuhfeld et al (2021 J.
Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

54

305204), results of ro-vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) measurements for a nanosecond pulsed plasma jet consisting of two conducting molybdenum electrodes with a gap of 1 mm in nitrogen at 200 mbar are presented. Here, those results are discussed and compared to theoretical predictions based on rate coefficients for the relevant processes found in the literature. It is found, that during the discharge the measured vibrational excitation agrees well with predictions obtained from the rates for resonant electron collisions calculated by Laporta et al (2014 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
23 065002). The predictions are based on the electric field during the discharge, measured by electric field induced second harmonic generation Kuhfeld et al (2021 J.
Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

54

305204), Lepikhin et al (2020 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
54 055201) and the electron density, which is deduced from the field and mobility data calculated with Bolsig+ Hagelaar and Pitchford (2005 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
14 722–33). In the afterglow a simple kinetic simulation for the vibrational subsystem of nitrogen is performed and it is found, that the populations of vibrational excited states develop according to vibrational-vibrational transfer on timescales of a few microseconds, while the development on timescales of some hundred microseconds is determined by the losses at the walls. No significant influence of electronically excited states on the populations of the vibrational states visible in the CARS measurements (

v
≲
7

) was observed.
Direct observation of surface charge redistribution in active nanoscale conducting channels by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy
Authors: Ye Sheng , Yan Xingzhao , Husain Muhammad Khaled , Saito Shinichi , de Groot C H (Kees) , Tsuchiya Yoshishige 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Surface-exposed uniformly doped silicon-on-insulator channels are fabricated to evaluate the accuracy of Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) measured surface potential and reveals the role of surface charge on the exposed channel operated in the ambient environment. First, the quality of the potential profile probed in the vacuum environment is assessed by the consistency of converted resistivity from KPFM result to the resistivity extracted by the other three methods. Second, in contrast to the simulated and vacuum surface potential profile and image, the ambient surface potential is bent excessively at the terminals of the channel. The excessive bending can be explained by the movement of surface charge under the drive of geometry induced strong local electric field from the channel and results in non-uniform distribution. The dynamic movement of surface charges is proved by the observation of time-dependent potential drift in the ambient measurement. The result suggests the surface charge effect should be taken into account of the measurement of the surface potential in the ambient environment and the design of charge sensitive devices whose surfaces are exposed to air or in ambient conditions in their operation.
Production of light flavor hadrons in small systems measured by PHENIX at RHIC
Authors: Mitrankova M M , Berdnikov Ya A , Berdnikov A Ya , Kotov D O , Mitrankov Iu M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the recent observations of collective behavior of produced particles in small collision systems, measurements of the modification of hadron production in small systems have become increasingly relevant. To study the properties of possible quark-gluon plasma and cold nuclear matter effects PHENIX has performed measurements of light flavor hadrons (π
±, π
0, K
*0, φ, and

p

¯

) in a broad set of projectile-target combinations including p+Al, p+Au, d+Au and 3He+Au collisions at

s

NN

= 200 GeV. The obtained invariant transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors are presented and compared to theoretical model predictions where available. The observation of baryon enhancement in the new experimental data and the comparisons with different calculations confirm that quark-gluon plasma could be formed in small collision systems. However, the volume and the lifetime of the medium produced in small collision systems might be insufficient for observation of strangeness enhancement and jet quenching effects.