bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressures Exerted on the Hook of the Hamate in Collegiate Baseball Players: A Comparison of Grips, With Emphasis on Fracture Prevention
Authors: Alexeev Mikhail , Kane Steven M. , Lourie Gary M. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Variations in batting technique may put baseball players at increased risk of hook of the hamate fractures. A better comprehension of the mechanism of such fractures is needed. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of the study was to compare 2 different grip types to quantify the pressures exerted on the hook of the hamate during batting. It was hypothesized that when compared with the conventional batting style, players holding the knob of the bat in the palm of the hand (termed the “palmar hamate grip”) would have higher pressures exerted on the hook of the hamate. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Athletes were recruited for participation on a volunteer basis from the rosters of 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball teams and were divided into 2 groups based on their usual grip type. A force sensor system was applied to the nondominant hand of each participating player, with the central portion of the sensing mechanism placed on the batting glove directly over the hook of the hamate. All players used the same batting glove, which transmitted data from the sensor to a laptop computer. Measurements were collected on consecutive hits at a standardized distance using a ball machine at 70 mph. Results: Nine collegiate baseball players underwent testing (5 players exclusively used the conventional grip, 3 players exclusively used the palmar hamate grip, and 1 player naturally alternated between the 2 grip types). The palmar hamate grip demonstrated a 366% increase in pressure exerted on the sensor overlying the hook of the hamate when compared with the conventional batting grip (536.42 kPa [95% confidence interval, 419.39-653.44 kPa] vs 115.84 kPa [95% confidence interval, 96.97-135.10 kPa]). The player who used both grips demonstrated significantly higher maximum pressure when using the palmar hamate versus conventional grip (482.90 vs 142.40 kPa; t = 6.95; P < .0001). Conclusion: Use of the palmar hamate grip may increase the risk of hook of the hamate fracture in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball players. Clinical Relevance: Educating players on the risks associated with the palmar hamate grip may prevent injury and minimize time out of competition.
Prophylactic effect of brimonidine to minimize the incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage in the early postoperative period after 23G pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Desco Mari Carmen , Martín Julio Cesar Molina , Mataix-Boronat Jorge , Pascual-Camps Isabel , Palacios-Pozo Elena , Barón-García Marisa , Piñero David P , Navea-Tejerina Amparo 
Published: October 2021

Background: Several studies have investigated and demonstrated the prophylactic effect of brimonidine drops in preventing subconjunctival hemorrhage in some microincisional ophthalmic surgeries, such as intravitreal injections or cataract surgery. However, there are no previous studies investigating this prophylactic effect after 23G microincisional vitreoretinal surgery. Aim: The aim of the current study was to determine whether subconjunctival hemorrhage after 23G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) could be prevented with the use of prophylactic topical brimonidine. Methods: This was a phase III, prospective, interventional, randomized, controlled single-center clinical trial with a follow-up of 2 weeks. A total of 77 eyes (mean age: 68.4 ± 10.7 years) undergoing 23G PPV were included and randomized into two groups: group 1 including 41 patients receiving prophylactic preoperative treatment with brimonidine, and group 2 (control group) including 36 patients not receiving this prophylactic treatment. Differences in terms of number of conjunctival quadrants affected with subconjunctival hemorrhage were evaluated in each of the follow-up visits. Results: The presence of subconjunctival hemorrhage was similar in both groups the first days after surgery ( p > 0.05). At the last visit (10–14 days after surgery), this condition was significantly more frequent in control group where there was a significant difference, being more frequent in the control group (7.3% vs 28.6%, p = 0.022). The number of conjunctival quadrants affected was also similar in both groups, except for the last visit in which most of the patients treated with brimonidine (92.7%) showed no bleeding compared to 71.4% in control group. No effect on the efficacy of brimonidine treatment of the presence of blood hypertension, diabetes, and antiplatelet or anticoagulant treatment was observed. Conclusion: Brimonidine seems to be a useful option to decrease subconjunctival hemorrhage after microincisional vitreoretinal surgery or improve its resolution during the first postoperative week. This finding should be mainly due to the vasoconstrictor effect of brimonidine. Trial registration: EudraCT, 2012-002895-15 (registered 19 December 2012); https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2012-002895-15
The age-related decline in spatiotemporal gait characteristics is moderated by concerns of falling, history of falls & diseases, and sociodemographic-anthropometric characteristics in 60–94 years old adults
Authors: Niederer Daniel , Engeroff Tobias , Fleckenstein Johannes , Vogel Oliver , Vogt Lutz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Associations between age, concerns or history of falling, and various gait parameters are evident. Limited research, however, exists on how such variables moderate the age-related decline in gait characteristics. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating effects of concerns of falling (formerly referred to as fear of falling), history of falls & diseases, and sociodemographic characteristics on changes in gait characteristics with increasing age in the elderly.

Methods
In this individual participant level data re-analysis, data from 198 participants (n = 125 females) from 60 to 94 years of age were analysed (mean 73.9, standard deviation 7.7 years). Dependent variables were major spatiotemporal gait characteristics, assessed using a capacitive force measurement platform (zebris FDM-T). Age (independent variable) and the moderating variables concerns of falling (FES-I), gender/sex, history of falls and fall-related medical records, number of drugs daily taken, and body mass index were used in the statistical analysis. Hierarchical linear mixed moderation models (multilevel analysis) with stepwise (forward) modelling were performed.

Results
Decreases of gait speed (estimate = −.03, equals a decrease of 0.03 m/s per year of ageing), absolute (− 1.4) and gait speed-normalized (−.52) stride length, step width (−.08), as well as increases in speed normalized cadence (.65) and gait speed variability (.15) are all age-related (each p < .05). Overall and specific situation-related concerns of falling (estimates: −.0012 to −.07) were significant moderators. History of potentially gait- and/or falls-affecting diseases accelerated the age-related decline in gait speed (−.002) and its variability (.03). History of falls was, although non-significant, a relevant moderator (in view of increasing the model fit) for cadence (.058) and gait speed (−.0027). Sociodemographics and anthropometrics showed further moderating effects (sex moderated the ageing effect on stride length, .08; height moderated the effect on the normalised stride length, .26; BMI moderated the effects on step width, .003). .

Conclusion
Age-related decline in spatiotemporal gait characteristics is moderated by concerns of falling, (non-significantly) by history of falls, significantly by history of diseases, and sociodemographic characteristics in 60–94 years old adults. Knowing the interactive contributions to gait impairments could be helpful for tailoring interventions for the prevention of falls.

Trial registration
Re-analysis of [21–24].
Characteristics of and risk factors for biliary pathogen infection in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Shayan , Shi Jiyu , Chen Minghui , Ma Jun , Zeng Zhaowei , Wang Rui , Cui Yunfeng , Gao Xue 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Infection in patients with acute pancreatitis, especially severe acute pancreatitis patients, is a common and important phenomenon, and the distributions and drug resistance profiles of bacteria causing biliary infection and related risk factors are dynamic. We conducted this study to explore the characteristics of and risk factors for bacterial infection in the biliary tract to understand antimicrobial susceptibility, promote the rational use of antibiotics, control multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and provide guidance for the treatment of acute pancreatitis caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

Methods
The distribution of 132 strains of biliary pathogenic bacteria in patients with acute pancreatitis from January 2016 to December 2020 were analyzed. We assessed drug resistance in the dominant Gram-negative bacteria and studied the drug resistance profiles of multidrug-resistant bacteria by classifying Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative bacteria. We then retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and risk factors associated with 72 strains of Gram-negative bacilli, which were divided into multidrug-resistant bacteria (50 cases) and non-multidrug-resistant bacteria (22 cases).

Results
The main bacteria were Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli had a 66.67% detection rate. Acinetobacter baumannii had more than 50.00% drug resistance to carbapenems, ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae had 100.00% drug resistance, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had 66.67% resistance to carbapenems. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the administration of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins was an independent risk factor for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant biliary bacterial infection in acute pancreatitis patients.

Conclusion
Drug resistance among biliary pathogens in acute pancreatitis patients remains high; therefore, rational antimicrobial drug use and control measures should be carried out considering associated risk factors to improve diagnosis and treatment quality in acute pancreatitis patients.
Postpartum depression and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Lan , Guo Nafei , Jiang Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite the increased global interest from researchers in postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD), studies of PPD in China have shown a wide range of variability. Indeed, the prevalence and risk factors for PP-PTSD have received little attention in China.

Aim
To determine the prevalence of PPD and PP-PTSD in China, and to examine the relationships between a range of sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and newborn-related variables, and PPD and PP-PTSD.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 1136 women who returned to the obstetrics clinic for routine postpartum examination were enrolled. The sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and newborn-related characteristics were collected. Social support, and PPD and PP-PTSD symptoms were measured by the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Perinatal Post-traumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ).

Results
The prevalence rates of PPD and PP-PTSD symptoms were 23.5 and 6.1%, respectively. A multivariate model showed that the presence of PP-PTSD was the strongest risk factor for PPD symptoms and vice versa. Other risk factors for PPD included low sleep quality, low social support and newborn’s incubator admission. In terms of PP-PTSD symptoms, risk factors included the presence of PPD symptoms, non-Han ethnicity, and low social support, while having one child was a protective factor.

Conclusions
This study addressed some gaps in the literature and provided a better understanding of PPD and PP-PTSD in China, which may contribute to early detection and intervention. Attention should be paid to women who are most susceptible to PPD and/or PP-PTSD, including those with low social support, low sleep quality, newborn’s incubator admission, non-Han ethnicity, and women with siblings.
Cemented hemiarthroplasty versus proximal femoral nail antirotation in the management of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly: a case control study
Authors: Jin Zhuangzhuang , Xu Shuoyan , Yang Yue , Wei Yingliang , Tian Yicheng , Wang Ziyuan , Bai Lunhao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The treatment for intertrochanteric femoral fractures (IFF) among the elderly has been a controversial topic. Hemiarthroplasty (HA) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) have their own advantages in the management of IFF. Hence, this study aims to compare and analyze differences in the effectiveness of both procedures on IFF among the elderly.

Methods
Overall, 99 patients (81.09 ± 8.29 years; 68 women) underwent HA or PFNA from January 2016 to May 2020. IFF were classified according to the Arbeitsgemeins für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification. The difference in underlying diseases, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, Singh index, Harris scores, surgical time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative blood test results, postoperative number of days to partially bearing weight, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Postoperative follow-ups were performed every 3 months.

Results
There was no significant difference in the AO classification, underlying diseases, ASA grade, Singh index, surgical time, and survival outcomes of the HA (45 patients) group and PFNA group (54 patients). The HA group was associated with earlier partial weight-bearing (HA: 4 [2 ~ 4.5] days, PFNA: 10 [8~14] days). It also had a higher total Harris score than the PFNA group at the 6-month follow-up visit (HA: 86.8 [81.90 ~ 90.23], PFNA: 83.48 [75.13 ~ 88.23]). Harris scores decreased more in patients aged ≥90 years in the PFNA group than in the HA group. The postoperative stress recovery rate in the HA group was faster based on postoperative blood test results.

Conclusions
PFNA and HA have good therapeutic effects in the treatment of IFF. The advantages of HA were reflected in short-term weight bearing, faster recovery from stress, and better joint function in the long term. This advantage is more obvious in the patient population aged over 90 years. Therefore, we suggest that surgeons should consider the benefit of HA in the treatment of IFF among the elderly.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000035814. Registered 17 August 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=57083
The diagnostic pitfalls of lumbar disc herniation---- malignant sciatic nerve tumour: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Zhao Li , Wei Junqiang , Wan Chenguang , Han Shuhong , Sun He 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Sciatica pain is a typical symptom of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), but some neurogenic and malignant tumours surrounding the sciatic nerve can also cause similar symptoms. These tumours are often misdiagnosed or even mistreated as LDH in clinical practice.

Case presentation
In our clinical practice, we found two patients with malignant tumours who were misdiagnosed with LDH. One patient complained of pain and numbness in the right lower limb. The primary diagnosis was LDH, and the patient underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery. After the operation, the symptoms were not alleviated. Then, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involving the soft tissue and the sciatic nerve was identified. Another patient who manifested with radiating pain in the right lower limb was diagnosed with LDH at Chengde Central Hospital. He received regular conservative treatment for approximately 6 months, but his symptoms were not relieved, and then he was referred to our hospital. A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) of the sciatic nerve was diagnosed, and he received cisplatin (DDP) chemohyperthermia.

Conclusions
Descriptions of tumour lesions involving the sciatic nerve and misdiagnosed as LDH in the literature are rare. In the reported literature, 7 patients were misdiagnosed with LDH, and all patients presented with sciatica. Among them, 4 patients only received surgical treatment, 1 patient only underwent neurolysis, and 2 patients received both surgical and chemotherapy treatment. Their low incidence and similar clinical manifestations to LDH make malignant tumours involving the sciatic nerve easy to misdiagnose. When the clinical symptoms and signs are inconsistent with the imaging findings, we need to be aware of non-discogenic sciatica, including tumours involving the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, tumours that grow near the exit of the sciatic notch may be misdiagnosed because of their deeper location and because they are covered with gluteal muscles. Sometimes sciatica caused by sciatic nerve tumours is only distal, without any radicular distribution. This pain is more severe than that caused by LDH, and this pain is not related to the position of the lumbar spine. Thus, it is beneficial to perform a detailed physical examination of the sciatic nerve to avoid this kind of misdiagnosis.
Demographic and Clinical Outcomes of Brazilian Patients With Stage III or IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Evidence Study on the Basis of Deterministic Linkage Approach
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Gil , Abadi Marcia Datz , de Mendonça Batista Paula , Serra Fernando Brandão , Peixoto Rodrigo Buzzatti , Okumura Lucas Miyake , Cerqueira Erica Regina 
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and accounts for 80%-90% of the cases. In Brazil, between 2018 and 2019, lung cancer was ranked as the second most frequent cancer among men and the fourth among women. The primary objectives were to describe the journey and survival rates of patients with advanced NSCLC treated in the Brazilian private health care system (HCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was based on the search in administrative databases to analyze the Brazilian private HCS. Patients with advanced NSCLC diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 were included. The data on demographics, cancer-related information, treatment-related information, and resources used were collected. Survival analyses were performed using the semiparametric Kaplan-Meier method to assess mortality by NSCLC stage, with NSCLC diagnosis as the index date. RESULTS A total of 5,016 patients were included. Most patients were between 60 and 69 years old (33.6%) and had completed elementary school (52.2%). There was a greater proportion of men (58.1% v 41.9%), and the majority of patients had stage IV NSCLC (67%). It took an average of 31 days, from the first consultation, to have diagnosis. In 44% of the cases, a clinical oncologist was the first specialist in the HCS that the patient was referred to. After the diagnosis, the median time to start of treatment was 35 days. Chemotherapy alone was the most common treatment regimen (32%). The median overall survival was 11.5 months and 6 months for stage II and IV NSCLC, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides contemporary data on stage III and IV NSCLC in private health care in Brazil, which has shown a high rate of metastatic disease diagnoses, high health care–related costs, and low survival rates.
What Happened to the Insurrection?
Authors: Kruse Meridith 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article revisits Susan Stryker's 2006 introduction to The Transgender Studies Reader to show how her overview of Foucault's “insurrection of subjugated knowledges” in this field-inaugurating text mutes the radical potential of Foucault's genealogical approach to history. Through a close reading of Foucault's original presentation of this concept in his 1976 lecture, the fuller sense of his “antiscience” genealogy becomes clear. The article concludes by proposing a way scholars might redeploy Foucault's insurrectionary method within the field of trans* studies today.
Efficacy of logistic regression model based on multiparametric ultrasound in assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy - a retrospective study
Authors: Cai Dongyan , Wu Size 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:To investigate whether a multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) diagnostic model improves differential diagnosis of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.Methods:MPUS evaluation was performed on 87 lesions in 86 patients, and related characteristics and parameters of the patients and lesions were studied and logistic regression models based on the MPUS characteristics of cervical lymph nodes were built. A receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were built for the evaluation of diagnostic performances.Results:Of the 87 lesions in 86 patients, there were 31 benign and 56 malignant lesions. Regression models for Duplex ultrasound and MPUS were established. The Duplex ultrasound regression model showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 94.4, 61.3, 86.3 and 80.9%, respectively. The predictive accuracy was 82.4%, and the AUC was 0.861. The MPUS regression model showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 98.1, 61.3, 81.5 and 95.0%, respectively. The predictive accuracy was 84.7%, and the AUC was 0.894. The differences in AUCs between the Duplex ultrasound model and MPUS model, ultrasound model and ultrasonic elastography (UE), and Duplex ultrasound and UE were not significant (all p > 0.05); the differences in AUCs between the MPUS model and Duplex ultrasound, Duplex ultrasound model and Duplex ultrasound, and MPUS model and UE were significant (all p < 0.05).Conclusions:The Duplex ultrasound and MPUS models achieve significantly higher diagnostic performance for differentiating between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.