bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Asymmetry in Spatial-temporal Correlations in Quantum Causal Inference
Authors: Meng Yu , Liu Zheng-Hao , Zhao Zhikuan , Yin Peng , Wang Yi-Tao , Liu Wei , Li Zhi-Peng , Yang Yuan-Ze , Wang Zhao-An , Xu Jin-Shi , Yu Shang , Tang Jian-Shun , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guangcan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Quantum correlations in space-time encapsulate the most defining aspects of quantum physics. The dual of the spatial and temporal perspectives are bind with a one-to-one correspondence between bipartite quantum states and quantum channels. Consequently, causal relations between quantum events can sometimes be inferred solely from correlation statistics, apparently contradicting the classical \textit{credo}, `correlation does not imply causation'[1-6]. However, since the spatial-temporal duality does not imply a full symmetry of measurement statistics between the two domains[7], the extent to which correlation alone identifies quantum causality ponders inquiry vital for both fundamental and practical interests. Here, demonstrating a unified geometrical representation of spatial-temporal quantum correlation, we show that certain non-unital channels create temporal correlation without spatial analogue and break the spatial-temporal symmetry. By implementing such channels in a photonic architecture, we observe this asymmetry and classify quantum correlations using a distance criterion, thus bringing empirical insight into causal inference in quantum mechanics.
The paleoinclination of the ancient lunar magnetic field from an Apollo 17 basalt
Authors: Nichols Claire , Weiss Benjamin , Getzin Brenna , Schmitt Harrison , Beguin Annemarieke , Rae Auriol , Shah Jay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Paleomagnetic studies of Apollo samples indicate that the Moon generated a core dynamo lasting for at least 2 billion years. However, the geometry of the lunar magnetic field is still largely unknown because the original orientations of essentially all Apollo samples have not been well-constrained. Determining the direction of the lunar magnetic field over time could elucidate the mechanism by which the lunar dynamo was powered and whether the Moon experienced true polar wander. Here we present measurements of the lunar magnetic field 3.7 billion years (Ga) ago as recorded by Apollo 17 mare basalts 75035 and 75055. These samples formed as part of basalt flows in the Taurus-Littrow valley that make up wall-rock within Camelot crater, now exposed at the rim of the crater. Using apparent layering in the parent boulder for 75055, we inferred its original paleohorizontal orientation on the lunar surface at the time of magnetization. We find that 75035 and 75055 record a mean paleointensity of ~50 µT. Furthermore, 75055 records a paleoinclination of 34 ± 11°. This inclination is consistent with, but does not require, a selenocentric axial dipole field geometry (i.e., a dipole in the center of the Moon and aligned along the spin axis). Additionally, although true polar wander is also not required by our data, true polar wander paths inferred from some independent studies of lunar hydrogen deposits and crustal magnetic anomalies are consistent with our measured paleoinclination.
Characteristic, Electrical and Optical Properties of Potassium Borate (KB5O8·4H2O) Hydrothermally Synthesised from Different Boron Sources
Authors: DUMANLI FATMA TUGCE SENBERBER , OZEN MERAL YILDIRIM , ASENSIO MIGUEL ORTEGA , YUKSEL SUREYYA AYDIN , KIPCAK AZMI SEYHUN , Derun Emek Moroydor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Potassium borate was hydrothermally synthesized from various of boron minerals (H3BO3, B2O3, Na2B4O7·5H2O and Na2B4O7·10H2O) at reaction conditions of 90 − 60°C and 120 − 15 min. The synthesised potassium borate was identified as “Santite (KB5O8·4H2O)” in X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses results. The specific band values between B and O atoms were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Raman Spectroscopies. Multiangular particles were generally observed in the range of 234.94 nm − 3.41 µm. The use of different boron sources may affect the morphology. Higher reaction yields were determined in the use of boric acid (H3BO3). Optical absorption of potassium borate minerals was approximately 340 nm. AC and DC electrical properties of materials were determined by using current-voltage and capacitance voltage characteristics. Electrical resistivities of DC were found in the range of 4.17×108 – 4.07×1010 Ω.cm, whereas dielectric constants of AC were between 2×105 and 2×106.
Mapathons versus automated feature extraction: a comparative analysis for strengthening immunization microplanning
Authors: Mendes Amalia , Palmer Tess , Berens Andrew , Espey Julie , Price Rhiannan , Mallya Apoorva , Brown Sidney , Martinez Maureen , Farag Noha , Kaplan Brian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The barriers to global essential immunization (EI) coverage are increasingly due to social instability and logistical factors like the displacement of vulnerable populations, the difficulty of accessing these populations, and the lack of geographic information for hard-to-reach areas. Microplanning, a population-based, healthcare intervention planning method has begun to leverage geographic information system (GIS) technology and geospatial methods to improve the remote identification and mapping of vulnerable populations to ensure inclusion in outreach and immunization services, when feasible. We compare two methods of accomplishing a remote inventory of building locations to assess their accuracy and similarity to currently employed microplan line-lists in the study area.
Methods

The outputs of a crowd-sourced digitization effort, or mapathon, were compared to those of a machine-learning algorithm for digitization, referred to as automatic feature extraction (AFE).
The accuracy assessments were
conducted: 1) an agreement analysis of the two methods assessed the
occurrence of matches across the two outputs, where agreements were
labeled as “befriended” and disagreements as “lonely”; 2) true and
false positive percentages of each method were calculated in
comparison to satellite imagery; and 3) counts of features
generated from both the mapathon and AFE were statistically
compared to the number of features listed in the microplan
line-list for the study area.
Results

The mapathon and AFE outputs detected 92,713 and 53,150 features, respectively. A higher proportion (30%) of AFE features were befriended compared with befriended mapathon points (28%). The AFE had a higher true positive rate (90.5%) of identifying structures than the mapathon (84.5%). The difference in the average number of features identified per area between the microplan and mapathon points was larger (t = 3.56) than the microplan and AFE (t = -2.09) (alpha = 0.05).
Conclusions

Our findings indicate AFE outputs had higher agreement (i.e., befriended), slightly higher likelihood of correctly identifying a structure, and were more similar to the local microplan line-lists than the mapathon outputs. These findings suggest AFE may be more accurate for identifying structures in high-resolution satellite imagery than mapathons. However, they both had their advantages and the ideal method would utilize both methods in tandem.
Clopidogrel-induced Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis: a Case Report
Authors: An Jin , Lee Seung Hwan , Chang Boksoon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background In patients with cerebral infarction resulting from intracranial arterial stenosis, combined administration of clopidogrel and aspirin may be needed for the thereafter ischemic attack. Clopidogrel has an inevitable adverse effect profile, and the most common complications are related to hemorrhagic propensity. Case presentation A 79-year-old female patient had taken aspirin (100mg/d) for old cerebral infarction, and started taking the dual antiplatelet drug consisted of aspirin and clopidogrel (75mg/d) due to severe stenosis on both anterior cerebral arteries. Two weeks later, the patient presented dyspnea started 3 days ago, which had been worsened the last 24 h. Chest computed tomography on admission showed symmetric peribronchial ground glass opacity with reticulation in both lungs. Microorganism tests, including serology and bronchoalveolar lavage for infection, were all negative. Suspecting clopidogrel-induced acute interstitial pneumonitis, we withdrew clopidogrel and initiated steroid treatment. The patient’s clinical signs and chest radiographs improved after steroid treatment, and she was discharged on the 21st day of hospitalization. Conclusions Clopidogrel can induce acute interstitial pneumonitis as a rare complication. The present report shows the importance of recognizing this rare adverse effect of clopidogrel in clinical practice.
Modeling of contact stress and tool-based frictional forces considering edge effect through material separation exploration
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Weng Jian , Zhuang Kejia , Hu Cheng , Dai Xing , Wu Chaoqun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cutting tools with round edge can enhance the performance of machining difficult-to-machine materials, while the complex contact mechanism related to micro cutting edge limits the deeper understanding of cutting mechanics. Material separation, which is associate to plough mechanism with formation of dead metal zone (DMZ), also requires the analysis of contact behavior. This study develops a contact model along the round edge together with the illustration of DMZ, with three contact feature points defined to explain the contact situation between workpiece and cutting edge. Among these feature points, two separation points related to DMZ classify the sliding and sticking region considering the dual-zone approach. The stagnation point is the zero shear stress point where a sudden change in shear stress direction happens. Besides, the parabolic stress model obtained from finite element simulations is established to define the normal contact distribution along the round edge. In this basis, the tool-based frictional forces are determined and two contact force components are classified for different contact regions. The proposed contact feature points and contact stress are validated through illustration with finite element simulations. Besides, orthogonal cutting tests ensure the practicality and accuracy of the proposed contact model and predicted cutting forces.
Seasonal variation in soil CO2 emission and leaf gas exchange of well-managed commercial Citrus sinensis (L.) orchards
Authors: Munjonji Lawrence , Ayisi Kingsley Kwabena , Mafeo T.P. , Maphanga T. , Mabitsela K.E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To investigate whether soil clay content, cultivar and seasonal variation have any effect on soil CO2 emission rates and leaf CO2 assimilation rates in a drip-irrigated commercial Citrus sinensis orchard.
Methods

The study was carried out in the field as a randomised complete block design in 2x2 factorial consisting of two soil types and two citrus cultivars on a drip-irrigated commercial Citrus sinensis orchards with 2-week interval measurements of soil CO2 emission and leaf gas exchanges over period of a year.
Results

Soil clay content did not influence plant CO2 assimilation rates and soil CO2 emission rates in irrigated citrus. However, seasonal variation significantly influenced both processes. Soil CO2 emission rates were highest in summer and were more than double the rates observed in winter while leaf CO2 assimilation rates were highest in autumn and four times higher than the winter season rates. Mean seasonal soil CO2 emission rates were strongly influenced by mean minimum seasonal temperatures while leaf CO2 assimilation rates only showed a relatively weak relationship with mean maximum seasonal temperatures.
Conclusions

Soil clay content did not influence soil CO2 emission and assimilation rates in drip irrigated irrigated citrus. Citrus CO2 assimilation rate peaks in the autumn while soil CO2 emission rates peak in summer.Snapshot analysis of CO2 sequestration rates suggests that irrigated citrus orchards are net sinks of CO2. Empirically measured CO2 flux rates in a commercial drip-irrigated citrus orchard are presented.
Peri-neural Invasion is An Important Prognostic Factor of T2N0 Oral Cancer
Authors: Cheng Chi-Sheng , Chen Chien-Chih , Liu Yi-Chun , Wang Chen-Chi , Chou Yu-Shu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prognostic factors of T2N0 oral cancer patients who have received radical surgery.Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to December 2017, a total of 166 T2N0 oral cancer patients who had received radical surgery were analyzed. Thirty-one of them received postoperative adjuvant therapy. The endpoints were disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS). The associated factors of survival according to pathologic results and treatment, including perineural invasion (PNI), angiolymphatic invasion (ALI), and adjuvant therapy, were analyzed.Results: The median follow up time was 43.5 months. The 3-year rates of DSS, and DFS were 86.1% and 80.1%, respectively. The 3-year DSS for perineural invasion (PNI) negative and PNI positive patients was 90.8% and 57.0%, respectively (p=0.0006), with the 3-year DFS for PNI negative and PNI positive patients being 84.2% and 54.6%, respectively (p=0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed PNI was an independent prognostic factor of DSS (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 3.29; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.35-8.02; p = 0.009), and DFS (HR = 4.68; 95% CI = 1.77-12.3; p = 0.002). Adjuvant therapy was also an independent prognostic factor of DSS (HR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08-0.78; p = 0.017), and DFS (HR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.07-0.96; p = 0.044).Conclusion: PNI was an independent prognostic factor and adjuvant therapy improved the clinical outcomes for T2N0 oral cancer patients.
Infuence of Pouring Temperature on Stir Casting of Al/SiC/Mg/Cu Composite
Authors: Thangaraju Tamilanban , S Ravikumar T , S Kanthasamy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of pouring temperature while preparing Aluminium SiC metal matrix composites, with additional benefits of magnesium and copper through stir casting technique were investigated. The composites were fabricated by mixing 12 wt% of SiC reinforcements,4 wt% magnesium and 2 wt% copper into 6061 aluminium alloy melt at different pouring temperatures (630 &ordm;C, 670 &ordm;C and 710&ordm;C). The addition of magnesium will enhance the wettability of the SiC particles with Al matrix. The inclusion of copper has considerable improvement in strength and hardness of the composite. The microstructure and mechanical properties (tensile strength and hardness) of the Al MMC are evaluated with the corresponding processing parameter, specifically pouring temperature of the cast composite.The metallurgical characterization utilizing optical and scanning electron microscope were observed for the prepared composites. The coarse microstructure and homogenous distribution of SiC particles were appeared within dendrite structures of the composites. The SiC particles has effectively distributed, and higher tensile strength and maximum hardness have occurred in composite at pouring temperature of 670&ordm;C as compared to other composites. The mechanical properties were lower in composites prepared using lesser pouring temperature (630&ordm;C) and significantly decreased for higher pouring temperature (710&ordm;C) of the composites.
The Different Sensitivity of Dendritic Degeneration in Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons to Estrogen Decline in Female Aging Mice
Authors: Yang Lin , Zhang Shuai , Wang Yan-Ru , Li Ting-Ting , Huang Si-Yu , Qu Yang , An Xiao-Bin , Ai Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aging is the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies reported that women have higher incidence of AD than men, which is associated with estrogen deficiency post menopause. The integrity of dendrites ensures normal neuronal function, and dendrite degeneration is one of the hallmarks in AD. However, the contribution of estrogen deficiency in dendritic remodeling during female aging is still unclarified. In the present study, female 18- and 22-month-old mice showed an age-dependent cognitive decline. Interestingly, female 18- and 22-month-old mice induced dendritic degeneration in both hippocampus and cortex, wherein the dendritic degeneration of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and cortical nonpyramidal neurons were more obvious in 18-month-old mice and that would not deteriorate in 22-month-old mice. The female mice after ovariectomy (OVX) 5 months induced similar changes in female 22-month-old mice indicating by cognitive decline and dendritic degeneration, however, dendritic degeneration of the hippocampal DG granular cells was less bad than that in female 22-month-old mice. Besides, estradiol (E2) level, and estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) in hippocampus and cortex decreased in aged female and OVX mice. Importantly, E2 application rescued these changes induced by OVX. In conclusion, the female aging-induced dendritic remodeling existed regional differences, wherein hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and cortical nonpyramidal neurons were the more vulnerable to onset of estrogen deficiency, while DG granular cells were more sensitive to age.
Comparison of Paenibacillus polymyxa wild-type and Nif− mutant in colonization, plant-growth promotion and nitrogen fixation contribution
Authors: Liu Shuang , Li Qin , Li Yongbin , Hao Tianyi , Zhang Haowei , Chen Sanfeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims

This study aimed to compare the effect on colonization, plant-growth promotion and nitrogen fixation contribution by inoculation with Paenibacillus polymyxa wild-type and Nif−mutant.
Methods

Paenibacillus polymyxa wild-type and Nif− mutant was labeled with GFP and then the GFP-labeled bacteria were used to inoculate cucumber. The colonization patterns of P. polymyxa WLY78 in these plants were observed under the confocal laser scanning microscope. The effects of plant-growth promotion were investigated by greenhouse experiments. The nitrogen fixation contribution was estimated by 15N isotope dilution experiments.
Results

Observation by laser confocal microscopy revealed that both P. polymyxa WLY78 and ΔnifB-V mutant can effectively colonize cucumber root, stem and leaf tissues. Greenhouse experiments showed that inoculation with P. polymyxa WLY78 can significantly enhance the lengths and fresh wights of cucumber roots and shoots, but inoculation with ΔnifB-V mutant can not. 15N isotope dilution experiments showed that cucumber plants derive 25.93% nitrogen from nitrogen fixation performed by P. polymyxa WLY78, but the ΔnifB-V mutant nearly can not provide nitrogen for plant.
Conclusions

This present study demonstrates that nitrogen fixation plays an import role in promoting plant growth.
Coupling ecological water requirement to optimize water resources under changing climatic conditions
Authors: Yue Wencong , Liu Zhongqi , Su Meirong , Xu Meng , Rong Qiangqiang , Xu Chao , Tan Zhenkun , Jiang Xuming , Su Zhixin , Cai Yanpeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Meeting ecological water requirements (EWR) is important for guaranteeing watershed system stability in many arid and semi-arid lands. Rainfall–runoff relationships under the effects of climate change may induce many adverse changes for EWR. Inherent uncertainties in water resources management and potential variations in EWR should both be considered to obtain desired water allocation strategies under changing climatic conditions. In this research, an integrated approach was proposed through incorporation of copula functions and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation into a general chance-constrained programming (CCP) modeling framework. The proposed method was found effective for water resource management with respect to the following: (a) tackling correlated features in watershed rainfall and inflow under climate change based on copula–MCMC simulations, (b) obtaining runoff distributions using the copula sampling method under multiple climate change scenarios, (c) analyzing fluctuations of EWR based on varied monthly flows with consideration of diverse runoff distributions, and (d) obtaining desired water allocation strategies through the developed CCP model with consideration of EWR and water shortage risks. Application of the developed method to water resources management in the city of Dalian (China) indicated that the EWR in the watersheds of Dalian would suffer large variations under changing climatic conditions. Moreover, in comparison with the supply in 2025, the increase of water supply from transferring water from the Dahuofang Reservoir (Hun River) would be 6942–33,772, 6942–25,472, and 2849–14,259 Mt with risk tolerance levels of 20%, 50%, and 80%, respectively.
The Potential Effect of the IDH1 Mutation and MGMT Gene Promotor Methylation on the Control of Glioblastoma-Associated Epilepsy in Patients Receiving Anti-Epileptic Agents and Chemotherapies
Authors: Kurdi Maher , Butt Nadeem Shafique , Baeesa Saleh , Alghamdi Badrah , Maghrabi Yazid , Bardeesi Anas , Saeedi Rothaina , Alghamdi Fahad , Alghanmi Najla , Bari Mohammed O. , Samkari Alaa , Lary Ahmed I. , Alsinani Taghreed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: (a) To assess the control of glioblastoma-associated seizure in patients receiving different anti-epileptic drugs and chemotherapies after total resection and its association with O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promotor methylation and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation; (b) to determine which anti-epileptic drug exerts the best effective control on glioblastoma-associated epilepsy; (c) to identify the relationship between seizure control and different anti-epileptic drugs and recurrence interval. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with postoperative glioblastoma-associated epilepsy in the period between 2014 and 2019. The correlations between the IDH1 mutation and MGMT promotor methylation with anti-epileptic drugs, chemotherapy type, seizure control, and recurrence interval were analyzed using different statistical methods. Results: This study included 53 adult patients with glioblastoma-associated epilepsy. The IDH1 mutation was present in 20 patients, and MGMT promotor methylation was present in 13 patients. Out of 53 patients, 37 cases received chemoradiotherapy while 16 cases receive only radiotherapy. Levetiracetam was the most prescribed anti-epileptic drug (n= 36, 60%), and 36 and 16 patients had controlled and uncontrolled seizures, respectively. The IDH1 mutation and unmethylated MGMT promotor were significantly present in cases with controlled epilepsy (P < 0.05). Among the anti-epileptic drugs, levetiracetam showed significantly better seizure control in cases with the IDH1 mutation and unmethylated MGMT promotor (P < 0.05). Patients did not show significant differences in either seizure control or the tumor recurrence interval (P > 0.05).Conclusion: (a) Glioblastoma-associated epilepsy can be better controlled in patients with the IDH1 mutation and unmethylated MGMT promotor compared with patients with the methylated MGMT promotor, (b) Levetiracetam is considered the first-line anti-epileptic drug for controlling seizures but may not enhance the sensitivity of glioblastomas to chemotherapies, (c) Lack of seizure control in glioblastoma patients may not be related to tumor recurrence despite one-year treatment with anti-epileptic drugs, (d) Better understanding of the risk factors and mechanisms associated with glioma-associated epilepsy are needed to improve patient quality of life.