bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytopathological and ultrastructural changes in the male reproductive organs of freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii (Rathbun) exposed to nurocombi
Authors: Archunan Shanmuganathan , Athisuyambulingam Maharajan , Pradhoshini Kumara Perumal , Yelappu Narayanaswamy , viswambaran Ganapiriya , Kannayiram Muthukumaravel , Priyadharshini Marckasagayam , Musthafa Mohamed Saiyad , Faggio Caterina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccumulation of pollutants in the aquatic system has a high impact on the reproductive physiology of crustaceans. The objective of the present study was to assess the possible histopathological effects of combined chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin (nurocombi) exposure on reproductive tissue in male freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii using light and electron microscopy. The testis of experimental crabs showed disorganization of testicular lobules, increased inters cellular space, necrosis, and cellular damage in both germinal cells and Sertoli cells. The treated vas deferens exhibited epithelial degeneration, misshaped spermatophores, decline in the number of spermatophores, and dehiscence of spermatophore wall. These clinical manifestations expressed in crabs following the exposure of nurocombi significantly reduce the testicular activity and substantially inhibits the seminal secretions, which ultimately lead to impairment of reproduction.
Misattributed parentage identified through diagnostic exome sequencing: Frequency of detection and reporting practices
Authors: Stefka Julie , El‐Khechen Dima , Cain Taylor , Blanco Kirsten , Feldmann Benjamin , Towne Meghan C. , Hagman Kelly D. Farwell 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccess to genetic testing, namely, diagnostic exome sequencing (DES), has significantly improved, subsequently increasing the likelihood of discovering incidental findings, such as misattributed relationships and specifically misattributed parentage (MP). Until the recently published ACMG statement, there had been no consensus for laboratories and clinicians to follow when addressing such findings. Family‐based genomic testing is valuable for accurate variant interpretation but has the potential to uncover misattributed familial relationships. Here, we present the first published data on the frequency of MP identified through DES at a clinical laboratory. We also investigated clinicians' decisions on how to proceed with analysis, reporting, and disclosure. A database of 6,752 families who underwent parent‐proband (‘trio’) DES was retrospectively reviewed for molecular identification of MP and clinicians' MP disclosure decisions. Among 6,752 trios, 39 cases of MP were detected (0.58%). Non‐paternity was detected in all cases, and in one instance, non‐maternity was also identified. All clinicians decided to proceed by omitting the MP individual from the analysis. Clinicians chose to proceed with duo analysis (87.2%), modify information on the report (74.4%), and communicate MP results to the mother (71.8%), suggesting a trend toward not disclosing to the putative father or proband. The data show that trio DES involves a chance of detecting MP and that clinician disclosure practices do not appear to routinely include direct disclosure to the putative father. MP identified in our parent‐proband trios sent in for DES is lower than the reported frequency of MP in the general population due in part to ascertainment bias as families with known or suspected MP are presumably less likely to pursue trio testing. These data may inform laboratory policies and clinician practices for addressing incidental findings such as MP.
Characteristics associated with the perceived likelihood to become parents among young adults with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait in the USA
Authors: Aldossary Dalal S. , Black Vandy , Ezenwa Miriam O. , Gallo Agatha M. , Johnson‐Mallard Versie M. , Eades Nyema T. , Oguntoye Anne O. , Yao Yingwei , Wilkie Diana J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndividuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT) have different health trajectories, but it is unknown whether sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are associated with their likelihood to be a parent. The purpose of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with perceived likelihood‐to‐parent among a cohort of young adults with SCD or SCT in the USA. The participants were 234 young adults (82 males, 152 females) who had either SCD (n = 138) or SCT (n = 96). The average age was 25.9 years (SD = 4.9), and most participants (87%) were single. Study participants completed the likelihood‐to‐parent item (0–4 scale) included in the valid and reliable Sickle Cell Reproductive Health Knowledge Parenting Intent and Behavior Questionnaire (SCKnowIQ). The mean likelihood‐to‐parent score was M = 2.3 (SD = 1.1) and 41% indicated that they were ‘very’ or ‘extremely’ likely to be a parent. Bivariate analysis showed that likelihood‐to‐parent was associated with the participant's sickle cell genotype (p = .03), age (p = .003), educational level (p = .04), income (p = .01), employment (p = .04), number of children (p < .001), health insurance (p = .02), and influenced by others (p < .001). In multiple regression analysis, participants reported higher likelihood‐to‐parent scores if they had at most 2 children (p = .03), higher income (p = .03), had no insurance (p = .01), and reported higher levels of being influenced by others (p = .001). Additional research is needed to confirm these findings in larger representative samples with more young adult males and to understand the likelihood to become parents over time by implementing longitudinal studies in the SCD and SCT populations. Such research is needed to guide appropriate education and genetic counseling for reproductive decision‐making among young adults with SCD or SCT.
The impact of endoscopic sphincterotomy incision size on common bile duct stone recurrence: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Takimoto Yoichi , Irisawa Atsushi , Hoshi Koki , Yamamiya Akira , Nagashima Kazunori , Minaguchi Takahito , Yamabe Akane , Izawa Naoya , Haruyama Yasuo , Tominaga Keiichi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground/purposeThe aim of this study is to clarify the relation between the incision size for endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and common bile duct stone (CBDS) recurrence.MethodsPatients who underwent elective endoscopic treatment for CBDS between January 2013 and December 2017 were enrolled, excluding those who met the exclusion criteria. The clinical characteristics were investigated using propensity score matching analysis.ResultsA total of 243 patients were investigated. Propensity scores were calculated using multinomial logistic regression with five relevant variables (age, gender, follow‐up time, maximum stone size, and bile duct diameter), which led to extraction of 188 cases to compose cohorts of the small and medium EST incision groups. The CBDS recurrence rate was 17.0% in the small incision group and 6.4% in the medium incision group. Multivariate analysis identified the medium incision as an independent predictor of CBDS recurrence (hazard ratio 0.350, 95% confidence interval 0.133‐0.922, P = .034). The CBDS non‐recurrence rate of the medium incision group was significantly higher than that of the small incision group (log‐rank test P = .019).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the CBDS recurrence rate was lower in EST with medium incision size than with small incision size.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of pyrimidyl‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives containing aryl sulfonyl moiety
Authors: Yang Lingyun , Sun Yi , Lu Zhifeng , Liang Jingru , Wang Tao , Luo Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo discover novel heterocyclic compounds with high herbicidal activity, a series of new pyrimidyl‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives (Ι‐1 to Ι‐41) was designed and synthesized by incorporating the activating 1,2,4‐triazole, pyrimidine, and phenyl sulfonyl structural templets. Their structures were clearly identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction (compound Ι‐3). Their herbicidal activities against monocotyledons (Echinochloa crusgalli, Sorghum bicolor) and dicotyledons (Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Cucumis sativus, and Medicago sativa) were evaluated using a Petri dish culture method. The results indicated that most of title compounds exhibited significant herbicidal potencies against the plant growth at 100 mg·L−1, while some of them, such as Ι‐2 and Ι‐4, showed remarkable inhibitory effects on weed control at 10 mg·L−1 and 100 mg·L−1. On the whole, compound Ι‐3, which was found to possess an even broader spectrum of inhibitory activities against the roots and stalks of Echinochloa crusgalli, Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Cucumis sativus, and Medicago sativa at 10 and 100 mg·L−1 than that of the commercial herbicide Flumetsulam, could be employed as a new lead structure for further optimization to find more potent herbicides.
One pot synthesis of α‐N‐heteroaryl ketone derivatives from aryl ketones using aqueous NaICl2
Authors: Ghodse Shrikant M. , Hatvate Navnath T. , Telvekar Vikas N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA simple and efficient method for the synthesis of α‐heteroaryl ketones from aryl ketones and amine using aqueous sodium dichloroiodate is established. This method is mild, operationally simple, has a short reaction time, and easy workup procedure to afford the corresponding α‐N‐heteroaryl ketone derivatives in moderate to good yield.
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of sulfoximine derivatives
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Wang Mian , Xu Yanjun , Wu Yanhua , Fu Bin , Li Jiaqi , Xiao Yumei , Qin Zhaohai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to discover new pesticides with novel modes of action and further study the sulfoximine scaffolds, 30 novel sulfoximine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their insecticidal and antifungal activities. The preliminary bioassay results showed that the insecticidal activity of target compounds was weak, only I‐12 displayed 80.39% larvicidal activity against Nilaparvata lugen, slightly lower than sulfoxaflor (97.87%) at 100 μg/ml. However, most of the compounds also displayed fair to good fungicidal activities against eight representative phytopathogenic fungi, and I‐5 showed slightly lower fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia scleotiorum than the control drug difenoconazole (2.26 μg/ml) with an EC50 of 8.75 μg/ml. The structure–activity relationship showed that the compound exhibited better antifungal activity when the R was 2.4‐disubstituted phenyl. Our studies suggested that sulfoximine scaffolds may also have potential plant‐fungal activity. This is the first report on the use of sulfoximide scaffolds as fungicides.
Feasibility of a community‐based delivery model for HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis among bar patrons in rural South Africa
Authors: Grammatico Megan A. , Moll Anthony P. , Choi Koeun , Springer Sandra A. , Shenoi Sheela V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionSouth Africa, home to the world's largest HIV epidemic, has made great strides in improving access to HIV services, but specific groups, particularly young men, remain difficult to engage in the HIV care cascade. Alcohol use disorder, prevalent in South Africa, further complicates engagement. Congregate settings where alcohol is served, known as shebeens, are an ideal place to engage young people for HIV testing, treatment and prevention, including pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Here, we characterize the uptake of PrEP in shebeen patrons and explore the effect of alcohol consumption on PrEP uptake by piloting a community‐based delivery model.MethodsIn the rural Kwazulu‐Natal province (KZN) of South Africa, a field team made up of all men offered screenings outside of shebeens at 27 events over 6 months in 2020. Screenings included rapid HIV testing and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Participants who tested negative for HIV were offered PrEP as once daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine. Short‐term retention was determined. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of PrEP uptake, including unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐two shebeen patrons were screened, and 136 (84%) were eligible for PrEP. Among those eligible, 37 (27%) completed clinical evaluation and initiated PrEP. Among PrEP initiators, 91.9% were men, median age was 26.0 years (interquartile range 21–31), 32.4% were employed, 18.9% had running water and 70.3% had AUDIT scores indicating hazardous drinking. Among 37 initiators, 25 (68%) were retained at 1 month, and 19 (51%) were retained at 4 months. Independent predictors of PrEP uptake among all bar patrons, and only men (108 screened and 34 initiators), included younger age (OR 0.92 [0.88–0.97]) and lifetime number of sexual partners (OR 1.07 [1.02–1.13]).ConclusionsCommunity‐based PrEP delivery after engagement at shebeens in rural South Africa is a feasible and novel approach to reach a traditionally difficult‐to‐engage population, particularly young men. In this small sample, sexual risk behaviours predicted PrEP uptake. Hazardous drinking was not a barrier to PrEP initiation.
Violence against women and the macroeconomy: The case of Ghana
Authors: Raghavendran Srinivasan , Kim Kijong , Ashe Sinéad , Chadha Mrinal , Asante Felix , Piiroinen Petri T. , Duvvury Nata 
Published: November 2021

AbstractViolence against women (VAW) is a widely recognized human rights violation but whose wider economic ramifications are less understood. In this article, applying the multiplier analysis based on 2015 social accounting matrix of Ghana, we outline how the individual microlevel income loss is translated to a macroeconomic loss. We argue that the macroeconomic loss due to VAW, which amounts to about 0.94% of Ghanaian GDP, is not a once‐off loss but a permanentinvisibleleakage from the circular flow of the economy. The article highlights the potential consequences of the loss over a period of time in the status quo scenario.
IRF3 inhibits IFN-γ-mediated restriction of intracellular pathogens in macrophages independently of IFNAR
Authors: Maciag Karolina , Raychowdhury Raktima , Smith Karen , Schneider Alexis M , Coers Jörn , Mumbach Maxwell R , Schwartz Schraga , Hacohen Nir 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMacrophages use an array of innate immune sensors to detect intracellular pathogens and to tailor effective antimicrobial responses. In addition, extrinsic activation with the cytokine IFN-γ is often required as well to tip the scales of the host-pathogen balance toward pathogen restriction. However, little is known about how host-pathogen sensing impacts the antimicrobial IFN-γ-activated state. It was observed that in the absence of IRF3, a key downstream component of pathogen sensing pathways, IFN-γ-primed macrophages more efficiently restricted the intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila and the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This effect did not require IFNAR, the receptor for Type I IFNs known to be induced by IRF3, nor the sensing adaptors MyD88/TRIF, MAVS, or STING. This effect also did not involve differential activation of STAT1, the major signaling protein downstream of both Type 1 and Type 2 IFN receptors. IRF3-deficient macrophages displayed a significantly altered IFN-γ-induced gene expression program, with up-regulation of microbial restriction factors such as Nos2. Finally, we found that IFN-γ-primed but not unprimed macrophages largely excluded the activated form of IRF3 from the nucleus following bacterial infection. These data are consistent with a relationship of mutual inhibition between IRF3 and IFN-γ-activated programs, possibly as a component of a partially reversible mechanism for modulating the activity of potent innate immune effectors (such as Nos2) in the context of intracellular infection.
Study of the effects of interferon β−1a on hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: SBMU Taskforce on the COVIFERON study
Authors: Fallahzadeh Mohammad , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad A. , Boroujeni Masoud G. , Besharati Sajad , Mardani Masoud , Shabani Minoosh , Shokouhi Shervin , Amirdosara Mahdi , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza , Gachkar Latif , Roshan Baran , Zangi Masoud , Mirmomeni Golshan , Irvani Seyed S. N. , Alavi Darazam Ilad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInterferons are an essential part of the innate immune system and have antiviral and immunomodulatory functions. We studied the effects of interferon β‐1a on the outcomes of severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This retrospective study was conducted on hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in Loghman‐Hakim hospital from February 20, 2020 to April 20, 2020, Tehran, Iran. Patients were selected from two groups, the first group received interferon β‐1a in addition to the standard treatment regimen, and the second group received standard care. The clinical progression of two groups during their hospital admission was compared. We studied a total number of 395 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Out of this number, 111 patients (33.5%) died (31.3% of the interferon β‐1a group and 34.1% of the control group). The mortality rate indicated no statistically significant difference between groups (p‐value = 0.348), however for patients who were hospitalized for more than a week, the rate of mortality was lower in the interferon β‐1a group (p‐value = 0.014). The median hospital stay was statistically longer for patients treated by interferon β‐1a (p‐value < 0.001). The results of this study showed that interferon β‐1a can improve the outcomes of hospitalized patients with severe COVID‐19, but more adequately‐powered randomized controlled trials should be conducted.
The effect of chlorophyll on the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of procymidone in vegetables and the way to overcome the matrix interference
Authors: Zhang Ziang , Lin Hong , Sui Jianxin , Han Xiangning , Wang Luefeng , Sun Xun , Cao Limin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is now an increasing demand for the immunoassay of procymidone residue in foodstuffs. However, the matrix interference could significantly affect the analysis. Till now there is no detailed information on the source of the interference and the mechanism involved, which greatly limits the real application of these techniques.RESULTSSignificant matrix effect was observed in the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of procymidone in negative vegetable samples (leek, broccoli and cucumber). By the investigation with both vegetable extracts and standard solutions, the chlorophyll was confirmed as an important source of the matrix effect. Therefore, a new strategy was proposed for the pretreatment based on the exploitation of 5‐sulfosalicylic acid. It was demonstrated to effectively eliminate chlorophyll and exhibited little effect on procymidone and the competitive indirect ELISA (ci‐ELISA) performance. The established technique was validated with different vegetables. With the spiking concentration of procymidone investigated, the recovery rate of ci‐ELISA was 71.52–120.37%, and the relative standard deviation was 4.05–17.61%.CONCLUSIONChlorophyll was for the first time illuminated as an important source of matrix interference to the immunoassay of procymidone in vegetables. A new pretreatment based on 5‐sulfosalicylic acid was established to remove chlorophyll and therefore eliminate the matrix effect. Validated with different vegetable samples, the new technique was demonstrated much better efficiency in comparison to conventional methods, which indicated its promising application for the development of immunoassays of herb‐origin samples. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The exogenous autophagy inducement alleviated the sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) autolysis with exposure to stress stimuli of ultraviolet light
Authors: Sun Jinghe , Zheng Jie , Wang Yanan , Yang Sheng , Yang Jingfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAutolysis is the most important restrictive factor for the live sea cucumber trade and commercial transportation. Thus, it is essential to investigate the mechanism of autolysis activation or deactivation in the sea cucumber. In this study, monodansylcadaverine staining and Western blotting experiment methods indicated the implication of autophagy in the ultraviolet (UV) exposed sea cucumbers. The health condition was observed after the sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) were gastric perfusion with autophagic inhibitor (3‐methyladenine) or inducer (rapamycin) and exposure to UV light for half an hour.RESULTSThe protein expressions of LC3‐II and Atg5 appeared immediately after UV exposure and then vanished 1 h later. The autophagosome formation in coelomic fluid cells confirmed the autophagy appearance pattern of LC3‐II and Atg5. The sea cucumber individuals maintained the health condition during the entire event of autophagy. The autophagic inhibitor along with UV exposure contributed to sea cucumber's swollen intestinal tissues, but the autophagic inducer functioned to alleviate and neutralize the UV effect.CONCLUSIONSThe autophagy procedure analysis demonstrated that autophagy plays a role to maintain the health condition of sea cucumber during autolysis inducement. The autolysis of sea cucumber can be alleviated or postponed by the exogenous autophagy inducer and this finding would benefit the live sea cucumber transportation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Making Artificial Intelligence Lemonade Out of Data Lemons
Authors: Blaivas Michael , Blaivas Laura N. , Campbell Kendra , Thomas Joseph , Shah Sonia , Yadav Kabir , Liu Yiju Teresa 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesA paucity of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) databases limits machine learning (ML). Assess feasibility of training ML algorithms to visually estimate left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) from a subxiphoid (SX) window using only apical 4‐chamber (A4C) images.MethodsResearchers used a long‐short‐term‐memory algorithm for image analysis. Using the Stanford EchoNet‐Dynamic database of 10,036 A4C videos with calculated exact EF, researchers tested 3 ML training permeations. First, training on unaltered Stanford A4C videos, then unaltered and 90° clockwise (CW) rotated videos and finally unaltered, 90° rotated and horizontally flipped videos. As a real‐world test, we obtained 615 SX videos from Harbor‐UCLA (HUCLA) with EF calculations in 5% ranges. Researchers performed 1000 randomizations of EF point estimation within HUCLA EF ranges to compensate for ML and HUCLA EF mismatch, obtaining a mean value for absolute error (MAE) comparison and performed Bland–Altman analyses.ResultsThe ML algorithm EF mean MAE was estimated at 23.0, with a range of 22.8–23.3 using unaltered A4C video, mean MAE was 16.7, with a range of 16.5–16.9 using unaltered and 90° CW rotated video, mean MAE was 16.6, with a range of 16.3–16.8 using unaltered, 90° CW rotated and horizontally flipped video training. Bland–Altman showed weakest agreement at 40–45% EF.ConclusionsResearchers successfully adapted unrelated ultrasound window data to train a POCUS ML algorithm with fair MAE using data manipulation to simulate a different ultrasound examination. This may be important for future POCUS algorithm design to help overcome a paucity of POCUS databases.