bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for a Degenerated Transcatheter Valve—A Single Center Experience
Authors: Erlebach Magdalena , Ruge Hendrik , Lange Ruediger 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The transcatheter valve-in-valve treatment (TAV-in-TAV) of degenerated transcatheter aortic valves is becoming more relevant, as the use of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) increases. We report our experience with TAV-in-TAV in patients with a degenerated transcatheter heart valve (THV).
Methods We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from our designated TAVR database. Intraprocedural and intrahospital outcomes were reported.
Results Ten patients out of a total of 3,144 TAVR implantations since 2007 presented with a degenerated THV, among those six with an Edwards Sapien XT (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California, United States) valve, treated with a Medtronic Evolut R (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) valve. Four patients had severe stenosis, one pure insufficiency, and five combined stenosis and insufficiency. Average time between initial implantation and re-intervention was 6.8 ± 1.3 years. The mean preoperative maximum and mean gradients were 54.2 ± 14.8 mm Hg and 31.6 ± 9.9 mm Hg, respectively. Nine patients underwent transfemoral and one patient underwent transaortic TAV-in-TAV. Mean procedural time was 86.2 ± 51.5 minutes. Post-implantation, the maximum and mean gradients decreased to 18 ± 6.9 mm Hg and 8.4 ± 3.2 mm Hg (16 ± 8 mm Hg and 6.4 ± 1.7 mm Hg in the Evolut-in-Sapien subgroup), respectively. The valve area increased from 0.98 ± 0.28 mm Hg to 1.72 ± 0.32 mm Hg (0.8 ± 0.07 mm Hg to 1.9 ± 0.16 mm Hg in the Evolut-in-Sapien subgroup). Two patients experienced a vascular complication. No further Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria complications occurred during hospitalization.
Conclusion TAV-in-TAV resulted in low procedural and peri-procedural complication rates. In particular, the usage of a supra-annular valve resulted in excellent hemodynamic results. Larger studies are required to validate this observational data and to establish a protocol for this procedure.
Duret Hemorrhage after Extradural Hematoma Evacuation–A Rare Entity
Authors: Tyngkan Lamkordor , Mahfouz Nazia , Bilal Sobia , Fatima Bazla , Malik Nayil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTraumatic brainstem injury can be classified as primary or secondary. Secondary brainstem hemorrhage that evolves from raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and transtentorial herniation is referred to as Duret hemorrhage. We report a 25-year-old male who underwent emergency craniotomy, with evacuation of acute epidural hematoma, and postoperatively developed fatal Duret hemorrhage. Duret hemorrhage after acute epidural hematoma (EDH) evacuation is a very rare complication and the outcome is grave in most of the cases.
Evasive answers vs. aggressive questions
Authors: Ilie Cornelia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The goal of this investigation is to scrutinize the interplay of parliamentary questions and answers in the notoriously polarized PMQs (Prime Minister’s Questions), in terms of three pragmatic criteria: topical focus, addressed target(s), and pursued goal(s). A pragma-rhetorical analysis explores the interrelatedness between the confrontational question-asking behaviour of the Leader of the Opposition (LO) and the evasive question-answering behaviour of the Prime Minister (PM). The findings indicate that (i) the LO Jeremy Corbyn strives to hold the PM accountable not through straightforward questions, but rather by calling into question and attacking the PM Theresa May, her decisions and actions; (ii) the PM, in her turn, rather than providing straightforward answers, confronts the LO’s aggressive questions by partly or fully evading them, by rejecting the questions’ presuppositions, or by counterattacking. The interrelatedness between parliamentary questions and answers provides evidence that both MP Blackford and the PM are pursuing double agendas: on the one hand, an issue-oriented agenda with well-established political goals, and on the other, an audience-oriented agenda adjusted to presumed audience expectations.
The Challenge of Climate Change for Coastal Tourism in the Azores
Authors: Helena Calado , Paulo Borges , Kiat Ng , Marta Vergílio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The case study provides an overview of coastal tourism in the Azores and the probable future impacts of climate change on the islands. It summarizes the findings of a recent study undertaken by an international team of experts, including the authors, to determine how serious the impacts are, in particular on tourism. It considers these effects in the light of European and worldwide climate change mitigation policies.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 10: Case Study Portugal: Addressing Tourism Development and Climate Change in Small Atlantic Islands: the Case of the Azores’. In: Jones A. and Phillips M. (eds)
Global Climate Change and Coastal Tourism
. CABI, pp. 125-137.

© CAB International 2018
Slow Tourism and Wine in Alsace
Authors: Ward-Perkins David , Mou Jessica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Alsace region has been particularly successful in creating a unique and recognisable identity, based on traditional values. Alsace has become a quality destination for 'slow' tourism, combining visits to picturesque villages, walking, cycling, gastronomy and cultural events. Tourism is structured around a number of complementary axes, labelled ‘themes of excellence’.

Information
TEAM Tourism Consulting, 2020
© CAB International 2020
Catalonia, a Food Hub
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Catalonia has been developing as a food hub for 25 to 30 years. The autonomous region’s ambition is to remain a world leader in the production and preparation of local food. Catalonia has demonstrated that a comprehensive food offer, with multiple components – farming practices, food processing, gastronomy and tourism promotion – can be transformative. This case study describes how.

Information
TEAM Tourism Consulting
© CAB International 2020
Preserving the Ifugao Rice Terraces
Authors: Ananayo Jovel , Richins Harold 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Cordilleras of the Philippines represent one of the world’s most extraordinary and beautiful agricultural landscapes, created over hundreds of years. A World Heritage Site, they were temporarily classified as ‘endangered’ in 2001 when 30% of the terraces were seen to be uncultivated or neglected.

Information

Adapted from ‘Chapter 23 – Regional collaboration in community-based mountain tourism in World Heritage Sites: the Ifugao Rice Terraces of the Cordillera Central mountains in the Philippines’. In: Richins, H. and Hulls, J. (eds)
Mountain Tourism: Experiences, Communities, Environments and Sustainable Futures
. CABI, pp. 220–234.

© CAB International 2016
Exploring the Case: Slow Tourism and Wine in Alsace
Authors: Ward-Perkins David 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
The interest in studying this case includes the long history of rural and wine tourism in Alsace, led by a well-endowed and sophisticated tourism department. For researchers and students of wine tourism, it is therefore a good best-practice model.
The Alsace case clearly demonstrates how wine tourism – apparently a niche product – has multiple links and tendrils, reaching into many other sectors. The case shows how these links can be made to work effectively, driving cultural tourism, cultural events, outdoor activities and other forms of tourism.
It also shows how quality experiences keep their appeal despite changing fashions. In Alsace, some very traditional forms of tourism have morphed into fashionable leisure activities, under the label of ‘slow tourism.’
Pressure-induced symmetry lowering in Nb3Sn1−x
superconductor
Authors: Svitlyk V , Mezouar M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cubic Pm-3n Nb3Sn0.92 superconductor (T
c ∼ 16 K) was found to exhibit tetragonal instabilities at the superconducting state (T = 10 K). These instabilities are manifested through the appearance of reflections which are forbidden in the Pm-3n symmetry but are compatible with the P42/mmc structure which is observed in the Nb3Sn1−x
system for higher Sn content at temperatures lower than ∼43 K. Nevertheless, the low-temperature structure of Nb3Sn0.92 remains metrically fully cubic, as concluded from single crystal synchrotron radiation diffraction experiments. Subsequent application of external pressure amplifies the observed instabilities with a resulting pseudo-cubic–tetragonal transformation at P = 3 GPa at 10 K and this transition is energy driven, as concluded from ab initio calculations. The electronic structures of the corresponding phases are virtually identical and, therefore, the pseudo-cubic–tetragonal transformation does not influence significantly the underlying electronic interactions. Consequently, no anomalies in the behavior of the critical temperature, T
c, are expected at this pressure. However, anomalies in the upper critical field are anticipated during this transition, in analogy to the corresponding behavior observed during the cubic–tetragonal transformation in Nb3Sn1−x
induced by increase in Sn content. Therefore targeted changes in composition could be used to enhance upper critical field of Nb3Sn1−x
for specific extreme conditions of temperature and pressure.
Flexible infrared photodetector based on indium antimonide nanowire arrays
Authors: Shafa Muhammad , Wu Di , Chen Xi , Alvi Naveed ul Hassan , Pan Yi , Najar Adel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Narrow bandgap semiconductors like indium antimonide (InSb) are very suitable for high-performance room temperature infrared photodetectors, but the fragile nature of the wafer materials hinders their application as flexible/wearable devices. Here, we present a method to fabricate a photodetector device of assembled crystalline InSb nanowire (NW) arrays on a flexible substrate that balances high performance and flexibility, facilitating its application in wearable devices. The InSb NWs were synthesized by means of a vapor–liquid–solid technique, with gold nanoclusters as seeding particles. The morphological and crystal properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the unique spike shape and high crystallinity with (111) and (220) planes of InSb NWs. The flexible infrared photodetector devices were fabricated by transferring the NWs onto transparent and stretchable polydimethylsiloxane substrate with pre-deposited gold electrodes. Current versus time measurement of the photodetector devices under light showed photoresponsivity and sensitivity to mid-infrared at bias as low as 0.1 V while attached to curved surfaces (suitable for skin implants). A high-performance NW device yielded efficient rise and decay times down to 1 s and short time lag for infrared detection. Based on dark current, calculated specific detectivity of the flexible photodetector was 1.4 × 1012 Jones. The performance and durability render such devices promising for use as wearable infrared photodetectors.
A single-point measurement scheme for quantum work based on the squeezing state
Authors: Xu Bao-Ming , Zou Jian , Tu Zhan-Chun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To investigate the role of initial quantum coherence in work-probability distribution, it is necessary to consider an incomplete or partial measurement, in which the energy cannot be fully discriminated by the detector. In this paper, we use a harmonic oscillator with a coherent or squeezing state to realize this incomplete or partial measurement, and propose a unified framework of quantum work statistics for a closed system with an arbitrary initial state. We find that work is proportional to the change of the real part of the coherent state parameter, i.e., quantum work can be estimated by the coherent state parameter. The resulting work-probability distribution includes the initial quantum coherence, and can be reduced to the result of the traditional two projective energy measurement scheme (TPM) by squeezing the state of the harmonic oscillator. Our measurement scheme reveals the fundamental connections between measurement error and coherent work. By introducing a ‘coherent work-to-noise ratio’, we find the optimal measurement error, which is determined by the energy difference between the superposed energy levels. As an application, we consider a driven two-level system and investigate the effects of driving velocity on work statistics. We find that only when the driving velocity matches the transition frequency of the system can initial quantum coherence play an important role.
Simulation of wide wavelength tuning of As2Se3
π-PSFBG narrow band fiber laser based on temperature and strain
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yan Xin , Zhang Xuenan , Wang Fang , Li Shuguang , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake , Cheng Tonglei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, the temperature (strain) properties of As2Se3
π-phase-shift fiber Bragg gratings (π-PSFBGs) are numerically investigated. The sensing sensitivities are 0.0665 nm °C−1 (0.8598 pm μϵ
−1) at 1.55 μm, 0.1546 nm °C−1 (1.9968 pm μϵ
−1) at 3.6 μm, 0.2717 nm °C−1 (3.51 pm μϵ
−1) at 6.328 μm, and 0.4551 nm °C−1 (5.8796 pm μϵ
−1) at 10.6 μm, and the sensitivities are improved with the increasing Bragg wavelength. Based on them, a high-performance narrow band fiber laser is theoretically proposed. The proposed tunable laser has a wider wavelength adjustment range in mid-infrared region, which can reach 27.306 nm at around 10.6 μm. Moreover, the obvious Bragg wavelength shift induced by stretching the As2Se3
π-PSFBG helps widen the tunable range of the laser, making possible a fine tuning. Being simple in structure and high in sensitivity, the proposed laser can be applied in mid-infrared region, which is the fingerprint region of numerous molecules and which closely relates to military aviation, environmental conservation, biology and health care regions.
Heat exchange and fluctuation in Gaussian thermal states in the quantum realm
Authors: Usha Devi A R , Sudha  , Rajagopal A K , Jayannavar A M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The celebrated exchange fluctuation theorem—proposed by Jarzynski and Wójcik (2004 Phys. Rev. Lett.
92 230602) for heat exchange between two systems in thermal equilibrium at different temperatures—is explored here for quantum Gaussian states in thermal equilibrium. We employ the Wigner distribution function formalism for quantum states, which exhibits a close resemblance to the classical phase-space trajectory description, to arrive at a formal Jarzynski–Wójcik result. For two Gaussian states in thermal equilibrium at two different temperatures kept in contact with each other for a fixed duration of time, we show that the Jarzynski–Wójcik-like relation reduces to the corresponding classical result in the limit ℏ → 0.
Optimization of Polyethylene Glycol Concentration as an Agglutination Potentiator for Examination of Blood Types of Dry Blood Sample
Authors: Handriani R , Warouw G M , Oktari A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Blood type is classifying blood based on the presence of antigens on the surface of the erythrocyte membrane. In criminal cases, dry blood spots are often used as samples in determining blood types an the examination with the elution absorption method but this method requires a long and complicated time. polyethylene glycol (PEG) has potentiator properties in the formation of agglutination. The purpose was to determine the optimum concentration of PEG of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% as an agglutination potentiator. The experimental research method is blood sample dried on wool yarn overnight. the analysis results obtained on the elution absorption method and without PEG as a control is grade agglutination +2, whereas with the addition PEG 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1% obtained grade agglutination + 4, + 4, + 3, + 3, + 3 results. The results statistic showed that there was quality of the results of agglutination grade were different at each additional concentration of PEG. At the addition of 4% PEG gave optimal results. So that the PEG modification method can be used as a agglutination potentiator in the determination of blood groups of dried blood spots.
Test of Antibacterial Activity 70% Ethanol Extract of Seeds Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L) Against Bacteria Escherichia Coli Atcc 25922
Authors: Primananda Arina Zulfah , Anggun Laksmi , Murhayati Rika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seeds of black pepper (Piper nigrum L) had antimicrobial compounds was efficacious for treating diarrhea. This purpose of research to determine the activity of the of black pepper seed extract in varying concentrations. Seeds of black pepper extracted by maceration method. Black pepper seeds of 70% ethanol extract made with the series a concentration of 100 mg / ml; 50 mg / ml; 25 mg / ml; 12,5mg / ml; 6.25 mg / ml; 3.125 mg / ml; 1.565 mg / ml; 0.781 mg / ml; 0.3905 mg / ml; negative control, and positive control and cotrimoxazole as controls for comparison. Tests conducted on the bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25 922 in dilution. Antibacterial test results showed black pepper seeds extract had an antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 to minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 50 mg / ml. Antibacterial activity found on 50 mg/ml of minimum concentration because black pepper seeds extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, essential oils, and piperine. Piperine was a chemical content that highest.
Stomata as a Differentiator of Nepenthes Type in North Sumatera
Authors: Ginting Nurmaini , Batubara Melvariani Syari , Abubakar  , Darwis Muhammad , Harahap Fatma Suryani 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch conducted in plant Systematics Laboratory of the Department of Biology University of North Sumatra. Semi-permanent preparation method for paradermal layer with a simple scraping method that modified. Samples were obtained by conducting a collection into the habitat and using Nepenthes specimens in the Herbarium Medanense (MEDA). Observation of anatomical characteristics conducted in plant structure Laboratory of North Sumatera University. Stomata observed in 32 Nepenthes, 4 of which have a companion cell and epidermis cell whose cell walls are wavy. These types areNepenthessp.,N. pectinata,N. rhombicaulis, andN. ampullaria. Some other species have crystals in the companion cells and epidermis cells, such asN. lingulataandN. mirabilis. The size of the stomata varies greatly among all types found. N. rafflesiana has the smallest size of 34.43 μm2, while the largest size can found in the N. ovata type with 165.78 μm2 and N. spectabilis x N. Above with 160.48 μm2. The stomata frequency per unit area also varies and shows the correlation between the stomata size and frequency. N. x hookeriana and N. x trichocarpa are two types with the highest stomata frequency while Nepenthes sp. has the least number of frequencies.
Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Compounds of Arabica and Robusta Coffee at Different Roasting Levels
Authors: Asy’ari Hasbullah Umar Hafidz , Rini Umiyati dan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The roasting process will determine the flavor in which chemical reactions occur and changes in components in coffee beans. Changes can occur in phenol compounds that contribute to antioxidant activity. This study aims to study the effect of roasting levels on Arabica and Robusta coffee beans on the content of phenol compounds and their antioxidant activity. The roasting process is carried out at three levels, namely light, medium and dark. The analysis was carried out on the total phenol content and antioxidant activity expressed in the radical capture activity of the compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results show that increasing the roasting level causes a decrease in antioxidant activity as indicated by increasing IC50, EC50 values. Meanwhile, ARP and AAI are decreasing. This corresponds to the phenol content which decreases with increasing roasting levels. This finding also proves that Robusta coffee has higher antioxidant activity than Arabica. This corresponds to a greater total phenol robusta content than arabica.
Hybrid Algorithm as alternative method for optimization, a combination Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Mahardhika Taufan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are both known as a method for optimization. Here in these paper we will combine GA and PSO to create a hybrid algorithm. We compare GA, PSO and Hybrid to solve some optimization problem. These Hybrid Algorithm is an alternative method for optimization.
Lean Six Sigma Analyst in Packing House Lembang Agriculture Incubation Center (LAIC)
Authors: Ariffien Afferdhy , Adriant Irayanti , Nasution Juli Amirah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Agriculture is the main sector in Indonesia, which covers 30,45% of all employment sectors in Indonesia. This makes Indonesia as agricultural country that makes this sector must be very much considered. Agriculture’ Supply Chain, starting from Former until the yields reaches the consumers, is the main focus. The appearance of a problem in one chain can cause scarcity, loss, and price disparity. So, Lembang Agriculture Incubation Center (LAIC) as one of the distributors who connects farmers and consumers must pay attention to this supply chain. Shipment with the right time, amount and type is a benchmark for success so the packaging process is very much considered especially for vegetables, because vegetables are included in the perishable good group. Process mapping using the Lean Six Sigma method can be applied to analyze the vegetable packaging process by LAIC. This proses mapping will pay attention to the current process and look for factors that support and inhibit the packaging process (value added and non value added) then improve if there are problems that must be followed up immediately. Lean Six Sigma analysis is carried out in 5 stages, they are:First stage, Define is done to create a Value Stream Mapping (VSM) packaging process which shows that the length of packaging time is 1054.08 minutes for the value added process and 225.18 minutes for the non value added process. The second and the third, Measurement is done by the Process Activity Mapping (PAM) method to see what processes are non-value added processes that cause the packaging process to be long and will be Analyzed for the cause of the problem using fishbone. Furthermore the fourth, Improvement is done by eliminating waste (non value added) and also adding one additional worker so that the packaging process has a time reduction, namely, 1028.4 minutes of value added process and 79.4 minutes of non value added process. The last stage or the fifth is Controling which is done by applying a new SOP that has been fixed in the previous stage.So, with the proposed improvement given, there was a 171.46 minute reduction in the vegetable packaging process at LAIC.