bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Electronic Health Record-Based Suicide Risk Prediction Models on Contemporary Data
Authors: Walker Rod L. , Shortreed Susan M. , Ziebell Rebecca A. , Johnson Eric , Boggs Jennifer M. , Lynch Frances L. , Daida Yihe G. , Ahmedani Brian K. , Rossom Rebecca , Coleman Karen J. , Simon Gregory E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground Suicide risk prediction models have been developed by using information from patients' electronic health records (EHR), but the time elapsed between model development and health system implementation is often substantial. Temporal changes in health systems and EHR coding practices necessitate the evaluation of such models in more contemporary data.Objectives A set of published suicide risk prediction models developed by using EHR data from 2009 to 2015 across seven health systems reported c-statistics of 0.85 for suicide attempt and 0.83 to 0.86 for suicide death. Our objective was to evaluate these models' performance with contemporary data (2014–2017) from these systems.Methods We evaluated performance using mental health visits (6,832,439 to mental health specialty providers and 3,987,078 to general medical providers) from 2014 to 2017 made by 1,799,765 patients aged 13+ across the health systems. No visits in our evaluation were used in the previous model development. Outcomes were suicide attempt (health system records) and suicide death (state death certificates) within 90 days following a visit. We assessed calibration and computed c-statistics with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and cut-point specific estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive value.Results Models were well calibrated; 46% of suicide attempts and 35% of suicide deaths in the mental health specialty sample were preceded by a visit (within 90 days) with a risk score in the top 5%. In the general medical sample, 53% of attempts and 35% of deaths were preceded by such a visit. Among these two samples, respectively, c-statistics were 0.862 (95% CI: 0.860–0.864) and 0.864 (95% CI: 0.860–0.869) for suicide attempt, and 0.806 (95% CI: 0.790–0.822) and 0.804 (95% CI: 0.782–0.829) for suicide death.Conclusion Performance of the risk prediction models in this contemporary sample was similar to historical estimates for suicide attempt but modestly lower for suicide death. These published models can inform clinical practice and patient care today.
Treatment Outcomes for Osteoradionecrosis of the Central Skull Base: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shaikh Noah , Makary Chadi A. , Ryan Lindsey , Reyes Camilo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the skull base can have catastrophic consequences if not detected early and managed appropriately. This is a systematic review of the different treatment modalities for skull base ORN and their outcomes.
Study Design This study is a systematic review.
Materials and Methods Two researchers extracted information including patient population, surgical technique, outcomes of interest, and study design. A computerized search of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library (January 1990–June 2020) looked for several papers on the subject of skull base ORN.
Results A total of 29 studies had met inclusion criteria, including data from 333 patients. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was the most common primary tumor (85%). Average age at diagnosis of ORN was 55.9 years (range = 15–80 years) and 72.3% of patients were males. The average time to diagnosis of ORN after radiation therapy was 77 months with an average radiation dose of 76.2 Gy (range = 46–202 Gy). Nighty-eight patients (29.4%) also had chemotherapy as part of their treatment regimen. Although all parts of the central skull base were reported to be involved, the clivus and sphenoid bone were the most commonly reported subsites. Trial of medical treatment had a success rate of 41.1%. About 66% of patients needed surgical treatment, either primarily or after failing medical treatment. Success rate was 77.3%. Overall, the surgical treatment was superior to medical treatment (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion ORN is a rare complication of the treatment of skull base tumors. Most cases require surgical treatment, including endoscopic debridement or free flap reconstruction, which has a high success rate.
Level of Evidence Level 3 evidence as a systematic review of case studies, case reports, retrospective, and prospective trials with no blinding or controls.
No One Left Behind: Using Mixed-Methods Research to Identify and Learn from Socially Marginalised Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Baird Sarah , Camfield Laura , Haque Ashraful , Jones Nicola , Al Masri Anas , Pincock Kate , Puri Mahesh C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article describes the mixed-methods approach used by the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) research programme. It discusses how qualitative and quantitative methods can be used both in isolation and combined to learn about the lives of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), focusing on the methodological and ethical approaches used to reach socially marginalised adolescents (including adolescents with disabilities, adolescents not in school, adolescent refugees, adolescents living in urban slums, adolescents who married as children, and adolescent mothers). We reflect on the implementation of the GAGE conceptual framework, discussing its strengths and weaknesses, and the challenges to promoting inclusive and genuinely mixed-methods research practices. While these methods have been adapted in the countries where research was undertaken, the conceptual framework provides a common methodological approach, utilising an intersectional lens. We show how mixed-methods approaches can contribute to the knowledge base on research with socially marginalised adolescent girls and boys globally, serving as an important resource for future research with young people in LMICs.
On the spontaneous beauty of cities: neither design nor chaos
Authors: Cozzolino Stefano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA clear bridge connecting the theory of spontaneous order and the issue of beauty in and for cities has not yet been developed. After a general exploration of the concept of beauty, this article builds an alternative idea of beauty, namely, beauty as spontaneity. In particular, it argues that beauty in the urban realm greatly depends on forms and orders that can hardly be comprehensively designed but rather emerge as the result of the freedom granted to multiple urban agents to express themselves in space. In this article the works of Jacobs and Romano are analysed and explored. Starting from some of their main ideas, the paper suggests certain planning and design tactics to nurture this kind of beauty and provides some essential ethical principles.
Active orbital preservation for multiconfigurational self-consistent field
Authors: Paz Amiel S. P. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Glover William J. 
Published: August 2021

We introduce Active Orbital Preservation for Multiconfigurational Self-Consistent Field (AOP-MCSCF), an automated approach to improving the consistency of active space orbitals over multiple molecular configurations. Our approach is based on maximum overlap with a reference set of active space orbitals taken from a single geometry of a chromophore in the gas phase and can be used to automatically preserve the appropriate orbitals of the chromophore across multiple thermally sampled configurations, even when the chromophore is solvated by quantum-mechanically treated water molecules. In particular, using the singular value decomposition of a Molecular Orbital (MO) overlap matrix between the system and reference, we rotate the MOs of the system to align with the reference active space orbitals and use the resulting rotated orbitals as an initial guess to a MCSCF calculation. We demonstrate the approach on aqueous p-hydroxybenzylidene-imidazolinone (HBI) and find that AOP-MCSCF converges to the “correct” orbitals for over 90% of 3000 thermally sampled configurations. In addition, we compute the linear absorption spectrum and find excellent agreement with new experimental measurements up to 5.4 eV (230 nm). We show that electrostatic contributions to the solvation energy of HBI largely explain the observed state-dependent solvatochromism.
Parsing β-catenin’s cell adhesion and Wnt signaling functions in malignant mammary tumor progression
Authors: Buechel David , Sugiyama Nami , Rubinstein Natalia , Saxena Meera , Kalathur Ravi K. R. , Lüönd Fabiana , Vafaizadeh Vida , Valenta Tomas , Hausmann George , Cantù Claudio , Basler Konrad , Christofori Gerhard 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Canonical, β-catenin–dependent Wnt signaling is well known to promote a variety of cancer types. However, the contribution of β-catenin’s cell adhesion function versus its transcriptional output to malignant tumor progression and metastasis has remained unexplored. We dissected β-catenin’s function in cell adhesion from its transcriptional output in Wnt signaling in the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)–PyMT transgenic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. We found that β-catenin’s dual functions are required for tumor cell survival. In contrast, its transcriptional activity is required for the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo. Altogether, the results delineate at a molecular and mechanistic level β-catenin’s contribution to malignant breast cancer progression.
Cooperative recruitment of RDR6 by SGS3 and SDE5 during small interfering RNA amplification in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Yoshikawa Manabu , Han Yong-Woon , Fujii Hirofumi , Aizawa Shu , Nishino Tatsuya , Ishikawa Masayuki 
Published: August 2021

Significance
In plants, RNA-induced silencing complexes that contain 22-nucleotide small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Argonaute 1 protein induce siRNA amplification from their targets. In this pathway, double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are synthesized by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins, and the dsRNAs are processed into siRNAs by Dicer-like proteins, leading to amplification of siRNAs to targets. Because dsRNA formation from nontarget RNAs causes nonspecific siRNA production, this pathway needs to be strictly regulated. By using an in vitro siRNA amplification system, we demonstrate that RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins are specifically recruited to targets in coordination with two plant-specific proteins. Based on the results, we discuss how specificity of siRNA amplification is secured.
Cross-correlation analysis of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy to extract rotational diffusion coefficients
Authors: Hu Zixi , Donatelli Jeffrey J. , Sethian James A. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a powerful technique that can probe a broad range of space and time scales and will become increasingly powerful due to coming advancements in coherence. Assessing translational and rotational diffusion is a key quantity in analyzing material structures and dynamics, with applications across molecular biology, drug discovery, and materials science. While methods for estimating translational diffusion coefficients from XPCS data are well-developed, there are no algorithms for measuring the rotational diffusion. Here, we present a mathematical formulation and algorithm based on angular-temporal cross-correlations for extracting this rotational information, providing tools for data analysis of XPCS. Although we focus on XPCS, the proposed method can be applied to other experimental techniques due to its generality.
Ni self-diffusion in glass forming Pd–Ni–S melts
Authors: Wilden Johanna , Yang Fan , Günther Gerrit , Russina Margarita , Kuball Alexander , Busch Ralf , Meyer Andreas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Ni self-diffusion in glass forming Pd40Ni40S20, Pd37Ni37S26 and Pd31Ni42S27 melts was probed by incoherent, quasielastic neutron scattering over a temperature range between 773 and 1023 K. The Ni self-diffusion coefficients are on a 10−10 m2 s−1–10−9 m2 s−1 scale and barely change with composition. Each composition exhibits an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence of the Ni self-diffusion coefficients, which results in activation energies ranging from E
A = 348 ± 16 meV for Pd40Ni40S20 to E
A = 387 ± 6 meV for Pd37Ni37S26. The structural relaxation shows a stretched exponential behavior even far above the liquidus temperatures. In addition, the viscosity of the Pd37Ni37S26 melt was measured under reduced gravity conditions. The diffusion calculated from the viscosity reveals a significant deviation from the measured Ni self-diffusion by a factor between 4 and 8. This may indicate a dynamic decoupling between the atoms within the Pd–Ni–S equilibrium melts.
Adiabatic edge-to-edge transformations in time-modulated elastic lattices and non-Hermitian shortcuts
Authors: Riva Emanuele , Castaldini Gianmaria , Braghin Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The temporal modulation of a relevant parameter can be employed to induce modal transformations in Hermitian elastic lattices. When this is combined with a proper excitation mechanism, it allows to drive the energy transfer across the lattice with tunable propagation rates. Such a modal transformation, however, is limited by the adiabaticity of the process, which dictates an upper bound for the modulation speed. In this manuscript, we employ a non-Hermitian shortcut by way of a tailored gain and loss to violate the adiabatic limit and, therefore, to achieve superfast modal transformations. A quantitative condition for adiabaticity is firstly derived and numerically verified for a pair of weakly coupled time-dependent mechanical oscillators, which can be interpreted in the light of modal interaction between crossing states. It is shown that for sufficiently slow time-modulation, the elastic energy can be transferred from one oscillator to the other. A non-Hermitian shortcut is later induced to break the modal coupling and, therefore, to speed-up the modal transformation. The strategy is then generalized to elastic lattices supporting topological edge states. We show that the requirements for a complete edge-to-edge energy transfer are lifted from the adiabatic limit toward higher modulation velocities, opening up new opportunities in the context of wave manipulation and control.
Magnetoplasmon resonance in two-dimensional fluctuating superconductors
Authors: Sonowal K , Kovalev V M , Savenko I G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We develop a theory of the magnetoplasmon resonance (MPR) in two-dimensional superconductors in the fluctuating regime, where the temperature is slightly above the critical temperature of the superconducting transition. In this regime, unpaired electrons and fluctuating Cooper pairs coexist in the system and interact with each other via long-range Coulomb forces, forming a Bose–Fermi mixture. The sample is considered to be under the influence of an external time-dependent electromagnetic field with a frequency in sub-terahertz range and a permanent magnetic field. It is shown that the MPR of the system is strongly modified in the presence of superconducting fluctuations in the vicinity of the superconducting transition. In particular, the fluctuating Cooper pairs dramatically change the broadening of the MPR, which is reflected in the optical response of the system.
Characterizing the Zeeman slowing force for 40Ca19F molecules
Authors: Kaebert P , Stepanova M , Poll T , Petzold M , Xu S , Siercke M , Ospelkaus S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the feasibility of Zeeman slowing calcium monofluoride molecules originating from a cryogenic buffer gas cell. We measure the

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hyperfine spectrum of CaF in the Paschen–Back regime and find excellent agreement with theory. We then investigate the scattering rate of the molecules in a molecular Zeeman slower by illuminating them with light from a 10 mW broad repumper and a 10 mW multi-frequency slowing laser. By comparing our results to theory we can calculate the photon scattering rate at higher powers, leading to a force profile for Zeeman slowing. We show results from a simple 1D simulation demonstrating that this force is narrow enough in velocity space to lead to significant velocity compression, and slowing of the molecules to trappable velocities.
A theoretical investigation of the quarter-wavelength model-part 2: verification and extension
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Yue , Drew Michael G B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The quarter-wavelength model states that the reflection of microwaves is minimized if the thickness of the film is mλ/4 where m is an odd integer and λ is the wavelength within the film . In part 1 of this work, published previously, it was shown that the theory behind this model is flawed and that it needs to be replaced using a wave superposition approach involving principles not beyond physics at college level. Through the verification of the results from formulae familiar to material scientists, it is shown here that many other concepts in current mainstream microwave absorption theory are used inappropriately including that reflection loss RL has been used to characterize microwave absorption from material instead of film and also that the results have been rationalized incorrectly by impedance matching theory. Impedance matching theory is developed from transmission-line theory for scattering parameter s

11
but cannot be applied to RL which is an innate property only for metal-backed film.
Advances in prediction of tokamak experiments with theory-based models
Authors: Staebler G.M. , Knolker M. , Snyder P. , Angioni C. , Fable E. , Luda T. , Bourdelle C. , Garcia J. , Citrin J. , Marin M. , Kim H.-T. , Kinsey J. , Lee C.Y. , Na Yong-Su , Park J.M. , Rodriguez-Fernandez P. , Wu M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The successful validation of theory-based models of transport, magnetohydrodynamic stability, heating and current drive, with tokamak measurements over the last 20 years, has laid the foundation for a new era where these models can be routinely used in a ‘predict first’ approach to design and predict the outcomes of experiments on tokamaks today. The capability to predict the plasma confinement and core profiles with a quantified uncertainty, based on a multi-machine, international, database of experience, will provide confidence that a proposed discharge will remain within the operational limits of the tokamak. Developing this predictive capability for the first generation of burning plasma devices, beginning with ITER, and progressing to tokamak demonstration reactors, is a critical mission of fusion energy research. Major advances have been made implementing this predict first methodology on today’s tokamaks. An overview of several of these recent advances will be presented, providing the integrated modeling foundations of the experimental successes. The first steps to include boundary plasmas, and tokamak control systems, have been made. A commitment to predicting experiments as part of the planning process is needed in order to collect predictive accuracy data and evolve the models and software into a robust whole discharge pulse design simulator.
Intuitionistic fuzzy set-based time series forecasting model via delegeration of hesitancy degree to the major grade de-i-fuzzification and arithmetic rules based on centroid defuzzification
Authors: Alam Nik Muhammad Farhan Hakim N B , Ramli Nazirah , Mohd Ainun Hafizah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
De-i-fuzzification is a process of converting the intuitionistic fuzzy set into a fuzzy set. It becomes one of the core procedures in fuzzy time series forecasting model based on the intuitionistic fuzzy set. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy time series forecasting model based on intuitionistic fuzzy set via de-i-fuzzification. The de-i-fuzzification approach used is assigning the hesitancy degree to the major grade. The data are partitioned into a few intervals using the frequency density-based method. The data in the fuzzy set form is then transformed into an intuitionistic fuzzy set using the definition of intuitionistic fuzzy set. The arithmetic rules based on centroid defuzzification is used to obtain the forecasted output. The model is implemented on the data of student enrolment at the University of Alabama. The results are then compared to forecasting method using classical fuzzy set and similar de-i-fuzzification approach using max-min operation. The proposed method outperforms the other two methods, thus supports the fact that intuitionistic fuzzy set is a generalization of a classical fuzzy set and gives better performance in forecasting.
Challenges of home learning during movement control order among UiTM Pahang students
Authors: Mohamed Siti Rosiah , Samsudin Syafiza Saila , Ismail Nazihah , Alam Nik Muhammad Farhan Hakim N B , Adnan Noor Izyan Mohamad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, the enforcement of the Movement Control Order (MCO) by theMalaysian government since March 2020 significantly impacted many sectors such as the economy, society, and others. MCO enforcement has made Malaysians spend most of their time staying at home, and even some have lost their income source. Another sector that has been greatly affected is the educational sector. Today’s landscape of education has changed dramatically with the phenomenal rise of virtual classes from home. Learning and teaching processes are undertaken remotely and on digital platforms to curb the spreading of the virus. This situation has affected the lesson and learning process from home to many of the several students in Malaysia. Therefore, this study investigates the challenges of home learning during MCO among students in the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Pahang Branch. A simple random sampling technique was used to distribute the online survey questionnaires, involving a sample of 213 students. Besides, a descriptive statistic was used to study the students’ demographic characteristics according to the challenges. In contrast, logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with home learning challenges during MCO. Based on the findings, most male and female students were not well prepared for home learning during MCO, with a percentage of 71.60% and 69.70%, respectively. As a result, 79.81% agreed that home learning is more stressful than the physical classes on the campus. In comparison, 79.63% of Social Science and 83.02% of Science and Technology students claimed that the workload given is way more significant during online classes. Furthermore, this study concludes that the most associated challenges of home learning faced by the students during MCO are the abundance of workload and loss of interest in the subject.
Trends in groundwater changes driven by precipitation and anthropogenic activities on the southeast side of the Hu Line
Authors: Liu Kai , Li Xueke , Long Xin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Groundwater resources consumption and management play a crucial role in food-energy- water nexus. However, the trends in groundwater storage variability and its attribution remain unclear because of the combined effects of climatic and anthropogenic terms. Here we use satellites and monitoring well observations to reveal the trends in groundwater storage change (GWSC), which exhibits geographical heterogeneity over the southeast side of the Hu Line in China during 1979–2012. The GWSC in northern China showed a slight decrease from 1979 to 1997, and the declining pattern extended to surrounding regions from 1998 to 2012. A considerable fraction of the GWSC trend can be attributed jointly to precipitation variations and human water usage. The anthropogenic factors that are primarily associated with socioeconomic development contribute to ∼31% of the variability in GWSC. Water management policies carried out in recent years reasonably explain the recovery of GWSC across regions with declining groundwater in 2013–2019. A positive trend in GWSC is further projected (2020–2029), though with uncertainties.