bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Des Infections Parasitaires Dues Aux Protozoaires Identifies Au Laboratoire National De Biologie Clinique Et De Sante Publique, Bangui Republique Centrafricaine
Authors: Lango-Yaya Ernest , Clotaire Rafai Donatien , Ngalema Tatiana , Agboko Freddy Marcelin , Bondom Romaric Lebon , Namzeka Marcellin 
Published: June 2021

Les Protozoaires sont des parasites de petite taille, de forme diverses parmi lesquels on distingue les Protozoaires intestinaux (Amibes, Flagellés, Coccidies, Ciliés et Microsporidies) qui sont les plus répandus. Selon l’OMS, les parasitoses intestinales constituent un problème de santé publique dans le monde en général et en Afrique en particulier. Les formes graves sont généralement provoquées par certains protozoaires intestinaux à savoir Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis et Trichomonas intestinalis qui jouent un rôle dans la survenue du syndrome dysentérique. C’est dans ce contexte que cette étude est menée dans l’objectif est d’évaluer la prévalence des Protozoaires digestifs selon leur degré de pathogénicité chez les patients. La mise en évidence des parasites a été effectuée par la technique de Formolether et de l’examen à l’état frais. Cette étude a montré que sur 11500 patients, 3922 soit 34,1% étaient parasités. Parmi les patients parasités le sexe féminin était prédominant avec un pourcentage de 57,51%. La tranche d’âge la plus touchée est celle comprises entre 20 à 29 ans (39,4%), les enfants de moins de 1 an étaient moins touchés (1,2%). Le parasite le plus représentatif est le kyste d’Entamoeba histolytica 30,40% suivi de Trichomonas intestinalis 1,4%. L’amibiase, la giardiose et la trichomonose restent les protozooses les plus pathogènes associées à l’hygiène défectueuse et du péril fécal.
Protozoa are parasites of small size, of various shapes, among which we distinguish the intestinal Protozoa (Amoeba, Flagellates, Coccidia, Ciliates and Microsporidia) which are the most widespread. According to WHO, intestinal parasitosis is a public health problem in the world in general and in Africa in particular. The severe forms are generally caused by certain intestinal protozoa namely Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas intestinalis which play a role in the occurrence of dysenteric syndrome. It is in this context that this study is being carried out with the objective of assessing the prevalence of digestive protozoa according to their degree of pathogenicity in patients. The detection of the parasites was carried out by the formalin-ether technique and the examination in the fresh state. This study showed that out of 11,500 patients, 3,922 or 34.1% were parasitized. Among the parasitized patients the female sex was predominant with a percentage of 57.51%. The most affected age group is between 20 to 29 years old (39.4%), children under 1 year old were less affected (1.2%). The most representative parasite is the Entamoeba histolytica cyst 30.40% followed by Trichomonas intestinalis 1.4%. Amebiasis, giardiasis and trichomoniasis remain the most pathogenic protozoa associated with poor hygiene and faecal hazard.
Agriculture À Base D’anacarde Et Formes Traditionnelles De Mobilisation De La Main D’oeuvre Agricole Chez Les Fohobélé Au Centre-Nord De La Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Nanfouhoro Paul-Kévin Ouattara 
Published: June 2021

Le système de production agricole des Fohobélé est basé sur une main d’oeuvre provenant principalement de la famille dite élargie et du nabonron qui est une institution sociale destinée à mutualiser la force de travail. A la suite de l’adoption de la culture de l’anacarde, l’économie locale s’est structurée autour d’une économie de plantation en remplacement de l’économie fondée sur la culture de rente qu’est le coton. Le présent article vise d’une part à connaitre l’impact de la culture de l’anacarde sur les structures sociales de mobilisation de la main d’oeuvre agricole des Fohobélé et d’autre part à découvrir les nouvelles stratégies de formation de la force de travail agricole. A travers des entretiens semi-directifs avec les acteurs locaux et des observations de terrain, il ressort de l’étude que l’adoption de cette nouvelle spéculation agricole a déstructuré les formes traditionnelles de la force de travail. La famille traditionnelle s’est éclatée pour laisser la place à des familles nucléaires. Le nabonron, forme d’entraide locale a disparu. La force de travail provient désormais de la famille nucléaire avec un rôle plus accru des femmes, des prestations monétarisées et de l’usage des produits chimiques dans l’agriculture.
The Fohobélé agricultural production system is based on a workforce mainly coming from the so-called extended family and the nabonron, which is a social institution intended to pool the labor force. Following the adoption of cashew cultivation, the local economy was structured around a plantation economy to replace the economy based on the cash crop of cotton. This article aims on the one hand to know the impact of cashew cultivation on the social structures of mobilization of the agricultural workforce of the Fohobélé and on the other hand to discover the new strategies of strength training agricultural work. Through semi-structured interviews with local actors and field observations, it emerges from the study that the adoption of this new agricultural speculation has deconstructed the traditional forms of the labor force. The traditional family has split up to make way for nuclear families. The nabonron, a form of local mutual aid, has disappeared. The labor force now comes from the nuclear family with a greater role for women, cash benefits and the use of chemicals in agriculture.
The Correlation The Internet Addiction Toward Teenagers Religiosity and Intelligence Quotient In Banjarmasin City
Authors: Imadduddin Imadduddin , Hairina Yulia 
Published: June 2021

The internet has become a primary need for everyone nowasdays, including teenagers. Ease access to information through the internet is one of factors that make teenagers addicted to the internet. The self-control factor is an important factor that is often associated with internet addiction, besides that internet addiction is also thought to be caused by a lack of internalization of religious values ​​or what is called religiosity and Intelligence Quotient. The research method in this study was field research by using descriptive and correlational quantitative approaches. The research subjects in this study were teenagers 14 to 24 years who lived in Banjarmasin city with totaling 712. The composition was 324 males and 388 females. The sampling technique used in this study was the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling procedure, namely the sample selection process, where all members of the population had the same opportunity to be selected by considering the strata (levels). Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Sig-value was 0.972 (P>0.05). So, It could be concluded that internet addiction had no significant correlation to teenagers’ religiosity and Intelligence Quotient in Banjarmasin City.
Religiosity As a Mediator Variable Influence Between Character Strength and Parent Attachment On The Resilience Of Adolescent Victims Of Earthquake and Tsunami Living On The Coastal, Banten
Authors: Idriyani Natris 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to test the fit model of the influence of character strength and parent attachment on resilience mediated by the religiosity of adolescent victims of the earthquake and tsunami who live on the coast. The conceptual used to explain resilience is based on the socio-ecological perspective of Ungar & Liebenberg (2013). Character strength uses the theory of Seligman (2006). The concept of parent attachment is explained based on Armsden and Greenberg's (1987) theory. And the concept of religiosity is based on Fetzer's theory (1999). The measuring instrument used to measure resilience is YCRM, character strength using VIA-IS for youth, parent attachment using IPPA, and religiosity using the religiosity scale. The data analysis technique used in this study was the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the help of Amos software. The results showed that the model of the influence of character strength and parent attachment on resilience mediated by the religiosity of youth victims of the earthquake and tsunami living on the coast is fit with the data. Religiosity acts as a mediator of the influence variable between character strength and parent attachment on the resilience of adolescent victims of the earthquake and tsunami living on the coast.
Estimativa do volume erodido e da taxa de retração em curto prazo na falésia marinha ativa da Barreira do Inferno com o uso de Laser Scanner Terrestre
Authors: Amaro Venerando Eustáquio , Almeida Júnior José Edson de , Scudelari Ada Cristina , Matos Maria de Fátima Alves de , Gomes William Vieira 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo intenciona estimar o volume erodido e a retração de curto prazo temporal (período de seis meses) na falésia marinha ativa da Barreira do Inferno localizada no Litoral Oriental do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, com base no uso de Laser Escâner Terrestre (LT) e no georreferenciamento de nuvem pontos com Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS). As varreduras do talude da falésia foram conduzidas em duas ocasiões, a primeira em 21/08/2016 (inverno austral) e a seguinte em 24/02/2017 (verão austral). As nuvens de pontos obtidas nesses levantamentos foram processadas nos softwaresCloudCompare, ArcMap, Surfer e Global Mapper, para a seleção de Modelos Digitais de Terreno (MDT) que melhor representassem as feições descritas na face da falésia em erosão, por meio dos métodos interpoladores espaciais: IDW, NN, Kriginge TIN. Nesta abordagem, a falésia marinha foi subdividida em cinco setores, de comportamentos erosivos distintos, para a avaliação do desempenho do MDT, da quantificação do volume erodido total e da taxa de retração, a partir da comparação entre os MDT e os perfis transversais gerados com as nuvens de pontos do LT. O método interpolador TIN dos softwaresCloudCompare eArcMapfoi o mais adequado para representação detalhada das irregularidades na superfície e das incisões basais no talude. A estratégia metodológica destacou ainda a relevância da avaliação da confiabilidade da nuvem de pontos quanto à presença de vazios de pontos no MDT, devido aos sombreamentos nas varreduras com LT, e são fontes de erros significativos no cálculo final volume erodido total e da taxa de retração. Os resultados indicaram que a falésia ativa apresentou volume erodido de 333 m³ no curto prazo e retração geral de 6±3,1cm nesse período, ou 12±6,2 cm/ano. Finalmente, este estudo confirma a aptidão do uso do LT acoplado a GNSS, com alta precisão e acurácia, na obtenção de resultados detalhados sobre os efeitos da erosão sobre falésias ativas submetidas à intensa dinâmica costeira do Nordeste brasileiro.
DESKRIPSI REKONSTRUKSI PEMBELAJARAN ANAK USIA DINI STUDY FROM HOME PADA MASA PANDEMIK COVID-19
Authors: Wiresti Ririn Dwi , Munastiwi Erni 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan rekonstruksi pembelajaran anak usia dini study from home pada masa pandemik COVID-19. Pendemi ini mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan berbagai aspek kehidupan, salah satunya aspek pendidikan. Perubahan ini menyebabkan munculnya berbagai permasalahan terkait pembelajaran, di antaranya pembelajaran yang semula tatap muka beralih menjadi belajar dari rumah. Permasalahan tersebut sebaiknya dicarikan jalan keluar, agar pembelajaran anak usia dini dapat berjalan dengan baik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Partisipan penelitian adalah kepala sekolah dan wali kelas pada Kelompok Bermain TK B di TK Kreatif Primagama Yogyakarta. Pengujian keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran anak usia dini study from home pada masa pandemik COVID-19 memengaruhi sistem pembelajaran yang ada. Oleh karena itu diperlukan rekonstruksi pembelajaran yaitu penerapan digital learning dan blended learning agar pembelajaran di masa study from home dapat berjalan lancar.

This study aims to describe the reconstruction of early childhood learning study from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has changed various aspects of life, one of which is education. This change has led to the emergence of various problems related to learning, including learning from face-to-face turning to learning from home. These problems should be found a way out, so that early childhood learning can run well. This study used descriptive qualitative research methods, interview data collection techniques, observation, and documentation. The participants of this study were the principal and homeroom teacher of TK B class at Primagama Creative Kindergarten Yogyakarta. The validity of the data was examined using source and technique triangulation. The results of this study indicate that early childhood learning study from home during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the existing learning system, therefore learning reconstruction is needed, namely the application of digital learning and blended learning so that learning during the study from home period can run smoothly.
Schlumberger’s Drilling ECG Goes to the Heart of the Matter To Diagnose Abnormal Conditions in Real Time
Authors: Feder Judy 
Published: June 2021

The trading of technologies is nothing new for the upstream oil and gas and medical communities. The connection makes sense, particularly since both disciplines rely heavily on applied math for diagnoses. It should come as no surprise, then, that a popular paper at the 2021 Virtual SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference proposed a medically inspired approach to prevent catastrophic drilling system failures brought on by downhole shocks (SPE/IADC 204098). The paper describes a “drilling electrocardiogram” that diagnoses “arrhythmic drilling” similarly to how medical electrocardiograms diagnose dangerous vibration anomalies in heart patients.
The approach classifies shock wave-forms acquired at 31,250 hertz (Hz) downhole. The shock signals are treated as drilling electrocardiograms (D-ECG) that are processed using clustering algorithms and merged with drilling incidents to identify in real time an arrhythmic signature pattern that can lead to catastrophic failures.

A Revelation
Justo Matheus, senior control engineer for Schlumberger and lead author of the paper, said that in studying field incidents in which rotary steerable system (RSS) bottomhole assemblies (BHA) had been severely damaged by shocks, the signature patterns reminded him of ECGs (Fig. 1).
This led him to medical libraries, which in turn led to a revelation—that throughout the 3 decades that downhole vibration measurements while drilling (MWD) have been studied, only the analysis of the amplitude and root mean square (rms) values of shocks had been the focus. No one had considered frequency for diagnosing downhole shocks. It was this revelation that drove the concept of the D-ECG based on shock waveforms acquired at high frequency in real time to prevent failures of the BHA.

What Is “Normal” and What Is Not?
Drilling-generated shocks and vibrations affect rate of penetration, directional control, and wellbore quality, making them among the main causes of failures in drilling.
“Shocks are present almost all the time,” said Matheus. “The challenge is in knowing which are normal and which are not.”
RSS are equipped with measurement devices such as magnetometers, accelerometers, and shock and vibration sensors that obtain statistical information from which whirl, bit bounce, and stick/slip severity are inferred. Often, however, the derived statistics are not sufficient to distinguish between normal drilling vs. abnormal drilling for a location in the wellbore. Recent electronic advances enabled the development of high-resolution drilling dynamic data recorders, extending the sampling frequency from traditional 100 Hz to 1,600 Hz. However, most of these devices are for data recording only. There is no real-time communication with surface and no capability to inform about drilling conditions downhole.
Hole-Cleaning Fibers Improve Cuttings-Carrying Capacity
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: June 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203147, “Investigating Hole-Cleaning Fibers’ Mechanism To Improve Cutting Carrying Capacity and Comparing Their Effectiveness With Common Polymeric Pills,” by Mohammad Saeed Karimi Rad, Mojtaba Kalhor Mohammadi, SPE, and Kourosh Tahmasbi Nowtarki, International Drilling Fluids, prepared for the 2020 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, held virtually 9–12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Hole cleaning in deviated wells is more challenging than in vertical wells because of the boycott effect or the eccentricity of the drillpipe. Poor hole cleaning can result in problems such as borehole packoff or excessive equivalent circulating density. The complete paper investigates a specialized fibrous material (Fiber 1) for hole-cleaning characteristics. The primary goal is to identify significant mechanisms of hole-cleaning fibers and their merits compared with polymeric high-viscosity pills.

Hole-Cleaning Indices
Based on a review of the literature, most effective parameters regarding hole cleaning in different well types were investigated. These parameters can be classified into the following five categories:
- Well design (e.g., hole angle, drillpipe eccentricity, well trajectory)
- Drilling-fluid properties (e.g., gel strength, mud weight)
- Formation properties (e.g., lithology, cutting specific gravity, cuttings size and shape)
- Hydraulic optimizations (e.g., flow regime, nozzle size, number of nozzles)
- Drilling practices (e.g., drillpipe rotation speed, wellbore tortuosity, bit type, rate of penetration, pump rate)
In this research, rheological parameters and parameters of the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model are considered to be optimization inputs to increase hole-cleaning efficiency of commonly used pills in drilling operations. The complete paper offers a detailed discussion of both the importance of flow regime and the role of the Herschel-Bulkley rheological model in reaching a better prognosis of drilling-fluid behavior at low shear rates.
The properties of the fibrous hole-cleaning agent used in the complete paper are provided in Table 1.

Test Method
Two series of tests were performed. The medium of the first series is drilling water, with the goal of evaluating the efficiency of Fiber 1 in fresh pills. The second series of tests was per-formed with a simple polymeric mud as a medium common in drilling operations. Formulations and rheological properties of both test series are provided in Tables 4 and 5 of the complete paper, respectively.
Rotating Cement Heads Improve Results of Zonal Isolation in Colombia
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: June 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 198970, “Casing Rotating Cement Heads: A Custom-Fit Solution To Improve Zonal Isolation Results In Colombia—A Field-Proven Case,” by Jose Vela, SPE, Henry Arias, and Edwin Sanchez, Ecopetrol, prepared for the 2020 SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, held virtually 27–31 July. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
In the current challenging drilling environment, effective annular zonal isolation is required for long-term integrity. Among proven cementing practices, casing rotation has been widely applied to liners but not as commonly to full casing strings. The complete paper describes the use of custom-fit rotating cement heads (RCH) to improve cementing results.

Cementing Practices in Colombia
The following methods of cementing, described in detail in the complete paper, are applied currently in Colombia:
- Preflushes and spacers
- Slurry design
- Casing standoff
- Borehole conditioning
- Mud circulation and conditioning
- Casing movement during the cement job
- Monitor job parameters compared with design
- Pressure testing and surface-equipment installation
Most of these best cementing practices have been followed on a daily basis for all production and intermediate casing. Rotation practice has been widely applied to liners but not for casing strings. This observation led to the introduction of RCH, a technology that arose as the most- appropriate link to connect the top drive or rig prime mover with the casing so that rotation for a full string of casing could be achieved.

RCH Use and Implementation
Before the implementation of RCH, cement evaluation logs did not show the expected response. Evidence of fluid channeling and fluid contamination was very common, and fair casing to cement bonds was a concern, particularly in washed-out sections and very long cement columns.
RCH provides a technical solution for the need to rotate the casing strings while maintaining best practices common to all cement jobs. Rotation has shown to be mandatory for intermediate and production casing to obtain a better log response by enhancing displacement fluid efficiency and mud removal.
Well-design and cement objectives vary according to regional sedimentary basins around the country. In the Llanos Basin, the intermediate casing shoe integrity and the isolation of the T1 sand unit are primary objectives; the most-common wellbore problems are the presence of very washed-out sections in front of the E3 and E4 shale formations. The T1 sand unit is located between them and is prone to water or gas influx. Next, the production section is drilled with a lighter mud so that a high negative differential pressure is induced around the casing shoe once the shoe track is drilled. If shoe integrity is not suitable, an influx can be promoted when drilling the productive zone.
The Pressure Dependence of the Archie Cementation Exponent for Samples from the Ordovician Goldwyer Shale Formation in Australia
Authors: Zhong Zhiqi , Esteban Lionel , Rezaee Reza , Josh Matthew , Feng Runhua 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Applying the realistic cementation exponent (m) in Archie’s equation is critical for reliable fluid-saturation calculation from well logs in shale formations. In this study, the cementation exponent was determined under different confining pressures using a high-salinity brine to suppress the surface conductivity related to the cation-exchange capacity of clay particles. A total of five Ordovician shale samples from the Canning Basin, Australia, were used for this study. The shale samples are all illite-rich with up to 60% clay content. Resistivity and porosity measurements were performed under a series of confining pressures (from 500 to 8,500 psi). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to obtain porosity and pore-size distribution and to detect the presence of residual oil. The complex impedance of samples was determined at 1 kHz to verify the change in pore-size distribution using the POLARIS model (Revil and Florsch 2010). The variation of shale resistivity and the Archie exponent m at different pressures is caused by the closure of microfractures at 500 psi, the narrowing of mesopores/macropores between 500 and 3,500 psi, and the pore-throat reduction beyond 3,500 psi. This study indicates that unlike typical reservoirs, the Archie exponent m for shale is sensitive to depth of burial because of the soft nature of the shale pore system. An equation is developed to predict m under different pressures after microfracture closure. Our study provides recommended experimental procedures for the calculation of the Archie exponent m for shales, leading to improved accuracy for well-log interpretation within shale formations when using Archie-based equations.