bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spaced mathematics practice improves test scores and reduces overconfidence
Authors: Emeny William G. , Hartwig Marissa K. , Rohrer Doug 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe practice assignments in a mathematics textbook or course can be arranged so that most of the problems relating to any particular concept are massed together in a single assignment, or these related problems can be distributed across many assignments–a format known as spaced practice. Here we report the results of two classroom experiments that assessed the effects of mathematics spacing on both test scores and students' predictions of their test scores. In each experiment, students in Year 7 (11–12 years of age) either massed their practice into a single session or divided their practice across three sessions spaced 1 week apart, followed 1 month later by a test. In both experiments, spaced practice produced higher test scores than did massed practice, and test score predictions were relatively accurate after spaced practice yet grossly overconfident after massed practice.
Conceptualizing intubation sharing: A descriptive qualitative study of videolaryngoscopy for pediatric emergency airway management
Authors: Miller Kelsey A , Marchese Ashley , Luff Donna , Nagler Joshua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study characterizes clinical and educational practices around the use of videolaryngoscopy in pediatric emergency airway management through qualitative exploration.MethodsThis is a descriptive qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews of emergency medicine physicians. Physicians were selected by theoretical sampling from urban, tertiary care pediatric hospitals across the United States until theoretical data saturation was achieved. The study applied a constructivist grounded theory approach to data collection and analysis. Manual line‐by‐line coding of interview transcripts was used initially, then grouped into categories with constant comparative analysis to generate the final coding scheme organized by themes and subthemes. Finally, memo‐writing and iterative analysis meetings explored relationships between themes and identified an interpretive model.ResultsTheoretical saturation was achieved after 10 of the initial 12 interviews. Emerging from the data were six themes that describe the concept of intubation sharing: (1) Videolaryngoscopy encompasses multiple modalities that all provide a shared view and ability to record; (2) Airway experts and systems help realize the full potential of videolaryngoscopy; (3) Videolaryngoscopy can be a clinical, educational, quality assurance and research tool; (4) Some skills required for videolaryngoscopy are unique, while others overlap with direct laryngoscopy; (5) Videolaryngoscopy allows a coaching laryngoscopist to provide real‐time guidance to the primary laryngoscopist from a shared view; (6) Videolaryngoscopy provides an opportunity for post‐intubation coaching and feedback and shared learning from a single experience for the provider community.ConclusionsThrough this multicenter qualitative interview study, we derived the concept of intubation sharing through videolaryngoscopy for real‐time and remote coaching, for both the primary laryngoscopist and the community of emergency medicine providers who intubate.
Zinc Hydride Catalyzed Chemoselective Hydroboration of Isocyanates: Amide Bond Formation and C=O Bond Cleavage
Authors: Sahoo Rajata Kumar , Sarkar Nabin , Nembenna Sharanappa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHerein, a remarkable conjugated bis‐guanidinate (CBG) supported zinc hydride, [{LZnH}2; L={(ArHN)(ArN)−C=N−C=(NAr)(NHAr); Ar=2,6‐Et2‐C6H3}] (I) catalyzed partial reduction of heteroallenes via hydroboration is reported. A large number of aryl and alkyl isocyanates, including electron‐donating and withdrawing groups, undergo reduction to obtain selectively N‐boryl formamide, bis(boryl) hemiaminal and N‐boryl methyl amine products. The compoundIeffectively catalyzes the chemoselective reduction of various isocyanates, in which the construction of the amide bond occurs. Isocyanates undergo a deoxygenation hydroboration reaction, in which the C=O bond cleaves, leading to N‐boryl methyl amines. Several functionalities such as nitro, cyano, halide, and alkene groups are well‐tolerated. Furthermore, a series of kinetic, control experiments and structurally characterized intermediates suggest that the zinc hydride species are responsible for all reduction steps and breaking the C=O bond.
Syntheses and Characterizations of the Mixed Noble‐Gas Compounds, [FKrIIFXeIIF][AsF6]⋅0.5 KrIIF2⋅2 HF, ([KrII2F3][AsF6])2⋅XeIVF4, and XeIVF4⋅KrIIF2
Authors: Bortolus Mark R. , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Nguyen Brianna , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReaction of [XeF][AsF6] with excess KrF2at −78 °C in anhydrous HF (aHF) solvent has yielded the first mixed KrII/XeIInoble‐gas compound, [FKrFXeF][AsF6] ⋅0.5 KrF2⋅2 HF, a salt of the [FKrFXeF]+cation. The potent oxidative fluorinating properties of KrIIfluoride species resulted in oxidation of XeIIto XeIVin aHF at −60 °C to form the mixed KrII/XeIVcocrystals, ([Kr2F3][AsF6])2⋅XeF4and XeF4⋅KrF2. Further decomposition at 22 °C resulted in oxidation of XeIVto XeVIto give the recently reported KrII/XeVIcomplexes, [F5Xe(FKrF)n][AsF6] (n=1, 2), [F5Xe][AsF6], and a new KrII/XeVIcomplex, [(F5Xe)2(μ‐FKrF)(AsF6)2], which was characterized by low‐temperature (LT) Raman spectroscopy. The [FKrFXeF][AsF6]⋅0.5 KrF2⋅2 HF, ([Kr2F3][AsF6])2⋅XeF4 , and XeF4⋅KrF2compounds were characterized by LT Raman spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Quantum‐chemical calculations were used to assess the bonding in [FKrFXeF]+, [Kr2F3]+, and [Xe2F3]+and to aid in their vibrational assignments.
Continuous capture scale down model: A comparison of a continuous and a discrete approach
Authors: Seidel Jonathan C. , Göbel Mathias , Dos Reis Rodrigues Rui C. , Kaup Nora M. , Rapp Johanna , Frauenschuh Achim , Shultz Joseph , Cui Huanchun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing, consisting of a perfused batch fermentation and integrated continuous downstream processing, the continuous capture is the linking unit operation. For the development of this unit operation, scale‐down models (SDMs) are crucial, whereas discrete, noncontinuous SDMs are preferred over continuous SDM due to their simplistic nature, reduced material consumption, and shorter operation time. The results presented in this study show the suitability of a discrete SDM approach, compared to a continuous SDM for a continuous protein A purification step.
Correlates of psychological resilience and risk: Prospective associations of self‐reported and relative resilience with Connor‐Davidson resilience scale, heart rate variability, and mental health indices
Authors: Jung Sun Jae , Jeon Ye Jin , Choi Karmel W. , Yang Ji Su , Chae Jeong‐Ho , Koenen Karestan C. , Kim Hyeon Chang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are several ways to determine psychological resilience. However, the correlation between each measurement is not clear. We explored associations of baseline relative “resilience” and risk with later self‐reported trait resilience and other biological/mental health indices.MethodsWe utilized baseline and follow‐up survey data from 500 participants aged 30–64 in the community cohort. Baseline “relative” resilience was defined by: (a) negative life events (NLEs) in the six months before baseline and (b) depressive symptoms at baseline, yielding four groups of individuals: i) “Unexposed and well,” “Vulnerable (depression),” “Reactive (depression),” and “Resilient.” “Trait” resilience at follow‐up was self‐reported using the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Associations between relative resilience at baseline, CD‐RISC, and heart rate variability (HRV) indices at follow‐up were assessed with generalized linear regression models after adjustments. Associations between baseline resilience and subsequent loneliness/depression indices were also evaluated.ResultsOverall trait resilience and its subfactors at follow‐up showed strong negative associations with “Reactive” at baseline (adj‐β for total CD‐RISC score: −11.204 (men), −9.472 (women)). However, resilience at baseline was not associated with later HRV, which was compared with the significant positive association observed between CD‐RISC and HRV at the same follow‐up time point. The “Reactive” exhibited significantly increased depressive symptoms at follow‐up. The overall distribution pattern of CD‐RISC subfactors differed by baseline resilience status by sex.ConclusionsThe “relative” resilience based on the absence of depression despite prior adversity seems to be highly related with trait resilience at follow‐up but not with HRV. The sub‐factor pattern of CD‐RISC was different by sex.
Realizing High‐Performance Li/Na‐Ion Half/Full Batteries via the Synergistic Coupling of Nano‐Iron Sulfide and S‐doped Graphene
Authors: Haridas Anupriya K. , Sadan Milan K. , Kim Huihun , Heo Jungwon , Sik Kim Sun , Choi Chang‐Ho , Young Jung Hyun , Ahn Hyo‐Jun , Ahn Jou‐Hyeon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIron sulfide (FeS) anodes are plagued by severe irreversibility and volume changes that limit cycle performances. Here, a synergistically coupled hybrid composite, nanoengineered iron sulfide/S‐doped graphene aerogel, was developed as high‐capacity anode material for Li/Na‐ion half/full batteries. The rational coupling of in situ generated FeS nanocrystals and the S‐doped rGO aerogel matrix boosted the electronic conductivity, Li+/Na+ diffusion kinetics, and accommodated the volume changes in FeS. This anode system exhibited excellent long‐term cyclability retaining high reversible capacities of 422 (1100 cycles) and 382 mAh g−1 (1600 cycles), respectively, for Li+ and Na+ storage at 5 A g−1. Full batteries designed with this anode system exhibited 435 (FeS/srGOA||LiCoO2) and 455 mAh g−1 (FeS/srGOA||Na0.64Co0.1Mn0.9O2). The proposed low‐cost anode system is competent with the current Li‐ion battery technology and extends its utility for Na+ storage.
Registered report: Initial development and validation of the eating disorders safety behavior scale
Authors: Reilly Erin E. , Bohrer Brittany , Sullivan Daniel , Essayli Jamal H. , Farrell Nicholas R. , Brown Tiffany A. , Gorrell Sasha , Anderson Lisa M. , Cooper Marita , C. Schreyer Colleen , Olesnycky Olenka , Peros Olivia , Schaumberg Katherine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnxiety and eating disorders (EDs) often co‐occur, prompting calls to explore anxiety‐related maintenance processes in ED samples. Safety behaviors, which function to prevent a feared outcome from occurring or to reduce anxiety associated with a feared stimulus, are observed across anxiety disorders and, along with overt avoidance behaviors, are an important target in treatment. Data suggest that individuals with EDs also engage in safety behaviors. However, no existing assessments provide a comprehensive measure of eating‐disorder‐specific overt avoidance and safety behaviors. The goal of this Stage 1 Registered Report is to develop a comprehensive self‐report measure of ED‐specific safety behaviors. In Study 1, we will recruit 50 women with EDs to complete the scale and provide feedback on the response scale. Feedback from these participants will be used to refine the measure. In Study 2, we will evaluate the psychometric properties of the measure in a large sample of women with EDs (n dependent on the size of measurement) and a community sample without current or a history of ED symptoms. We will explore the measure factor structure, known‐groups validity by comparing scores from women with EDs to healthy controls, internal consistency, and convergent and divergent validity with other psychological instruments.
Associations between eating disorders and illicit drug use among college students
Authors: Ganson Kyle T. , Murray Stuart B. , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the associations between a positive eating disorder screen and any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and illicit drug use among a large, diverse sample of college students.MethodWe analyzed data from the national (United States), cross‐sectional 2018–2019 Healthy Minds Study (HMS; n = 42,618; response rate: 16%). HMS collects information on the physical, mental, and social health of college students. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between a positive eating disorder screen (measured using the SCOFF) and any self‐reported lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and self‐reported illicit drug use in the past 30 days (any illicit drug use and use of marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, stimulants, ecstasy, opioids, benzodiazepines), while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsAmong the sample, 54.34% (n = 28,608) were female and the mean age of participants was 23.30 (SE ± 0.05) years. Logistic regression analyses revealed unique associations between a positive eating disorder screen and any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis and illicit drug use among the sample of college student participants. A positive eating disorder screen was most strongly associated with methamphetamine use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–10.78), and any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis was most strongly associated with benzodiazepine use (AOR 3.42, 95% CI 2.28–5.13).DiscussionIllicit drug use is common among college students who screen positive for an eating disorder and report any lifetime eating disorder diagnosis. The co‐occurring nature of eating disorders and illicit drug use may complicate treatment and lead to compounded adverse health outcomes.
Brain‐Responsive Neurostimulation for the treatment of adults with epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex: A case series
Authors: McDermott Danielle S. , Mirro Emily A. , Fetrow Kirsten , Burdette David E. , Chen Stephanie , Hopp Jennifer , Masel Todd , Johnson Emily A. , Elefant Felicia M. K. , Le Scheherazade , Patra Sanjay E. , Brown Mesha‐Gay , Haneef Zulfi 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder primarily characterized by the development of multisystem benign tumors. Epilepsy is the most common neurologic manifestation, affecting 80%‐90% of TSC patients. The diffuse structural brain abnormalities and the multifocal nature of epilepsy in TSC pose diagnostic challenges when evaluating patients for epilepsy surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the safety experience and efficacy outcomes of five adult TSC patients who were treated with direct brain‐responsive neurostimulation (RNS System, NeuroPace, Inc).ResultsThe average follow‐up duration was 20 months. All five patients were responders (≥50% disabling seizure reduction) at last follow‐up. The median reduction in disabling seizures was 58% at 1 year and 88% at last follow‐up. Three of the five patients experienced some period of seizure freedom ranging from 3 months to over 1 year.SignificanceIn this small case series, we report the first safety experience and efficacy outcomes in patients with TSC‐associated drug‐resistant focal epilepsy treated with direct brain‐responsive neurostimulation.
Parametric analysis and new design formulas of a prefabricated energy‐dissipating composite slotted shear wall
Authors: Shen Shao‐Dong , Pan Peng , He Zhi‐Zhou , Xiao Gen‐Qi , Li Xiang‐Jie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn a conventional wall frame system, shear walls typically exhibit less deformation capacity under earthquakes than the frame. In this study, an innovative prefabricated slotted composite shear wall was proposed, abbreviated as CDSW. Featured with concrete‐filled‐tube (CFT) wall segments, I‐shaped steel connectors, vertical slots and bolted connections with the frame, the CDSW has significantly improved deformation capacity, energy dissipation capacity and construction efficiency compared with conventional shear walls. Its seismic behaviors were investigated through applying quasi‐static cyclic loads, where the specimen exhibited satisfactory cyclic response. Based on the test results, finite element analysis (FEA) models were established to validate the test results, and 12 parametric FEA cases were conducted to optimize the parameters of CDSWs. A new design method of a CDSW with highly accurate formulas was proposed based on a new parameter termed as equivalent stiffness ratio (ESR). With ESR, the stiffness and internal force of a CDSW can be obtained with satisfactory precision. Based on the analytical result and the new design formulas, it can be concluded that the ESR between 0.706 and 1.25 is recommended for practical engineering applications, which took into consideration the governing factors of yield and peak strength, stiffness, deformation capacity and energy dissipation. Additionally, the installation of the upper and lower sets of connectors at about 40% and 60% of the height of CDSW is suggested, respectively.
Hydrocracking process and kinetic equation: Effect of the fluoride on the performance of the Ni‐Mo catalyst
Authors: Tavasoli Ahmad , Taghizadeh Yusefabad Ehsan , Zamani Yahya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present paper investigates the fluoride effects on the performance of the Ni‐Mo/ASA‐Al2O3 catalyst. The Ni‐Mo‐F0/ASA‐Al2O3 and Ni‐Mo‐F3.6/ASA‐Al2O3 catalysts were prepared and characterized using a number of techniques such as BET, XRD, XRF, and NH3‐TPD. The performance of the catalysts was investigated in the N‐hexadecane hydrocracking, and liquid products were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS). Results showed when the fluoride was loaded to the catalysts, the N‐hexadecane conversion increase, from 88.44% to 98.83%, and the selectivity of light gas products increase slightly, from 4.64% to 8.14%. Finally, the performance of the Ni‐Mo‐F3.6/ASA‐Al2O3 catalyst was studied in the VGO hydrocracking and discrete lumping kinetic equations of this process were investigated. In this study, the production of the produced oil cuts, diesel, kerosene, naphtha, and gas was formulated and the kinetic constants of the VGO hydrocracking in the presence of the catalyst were calculated using the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm.
Leveraging the replication‐competent avian‐like sarcoma virus/tumor virus receptor‐A system for modeling human gliomas
Authors: Kanvinde Pranjali P. , Malla Adarsha P. , Connolly Nina P. , Szulzewsky Frank , Anastasiadis Pavlos , Ames Heather M. , Kim Anthony J. , Winkles Jeffrey A. , Holland Eric C. , Woodworth Graeme F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGliomas are the most common primary intrinsic brain tumors occurring in adults. Of all malignant gliomas, glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the deadliest tumor type due to diffuse brain invasion, immune evasion, cellular, and molecular heterogeneity, and resistance to treatments resulting in high rates of recurrence. An extensive understanding of the genomic and microenvironmental landscape of gliomas gathered over the past decade has renewed interest in pursuing novel therapeutics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, glioma‐associated macrophage/microglia (GAMs) modulators, and others. In light of this, predictive animal models that closely recreate the conditions and findings found in human gliomas will serve an increasingly important role in identifying new, effective therapeutic strategies. Although numerous syngeneic, xenograft, and transgenic rodent models have been developed, few include the full complement of pathobiological features found in human tumors, and therefore few accurately predict bench‐to‐bedside success. This review provides an update on how genetically engineered rodent models based on the replication‐competent avian‐like sarcoma (RCAS) virus/tumor virus receptor‐A (tv‐a) system have been used to recapitulate key elements of human gliomas in an immunologically intact host microenvironment and highlights new approaches using this model system as a predictive tool for advancing translational glioma research.
10‐hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid a bio‐immunomodulator in tissue engineering; generates tolerogenic dendritic cells by blocking the toll‐like receptor4
Authors: Eslami‐kaliji Farshid , Sarafbidabad Mohsen , Kiani‐Esfahani Abbas , Mirahmadi‐Zare Seyede Zohreh , Dormiani Kianoush 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs), in response to the biomaterials, utilize toll‐like receptors (TLRs) to become mature or tolerogenic through TLRs‐dependent signaling pathways, especially TLR4. Regarding the physicochemical properties of biomaterials, some of such signaling pathways are activated. Unsaturated fatty acids have been explored as an antagonist for TLRs and lead to the tolerogenic phenotype of DCs. Here we showed that, although cultured DCs on both chitosan and Alginate‐polyethyleneimine (Alg‐PEI) films became fully mature, 10‐hydroxy‐2‐decanoic acid (10‐HDA), an unsaturated fatty acid found in royal jelly, led to the tolerogenic immunophenotype of DCs on both films. The cultured cells on the films possessed iDCs‐like morphology in the presence of 10‐HDA. Moreover, 10‐HDA expressed lower levels of CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA‐DR, a higher level of IL‐10, and lower level of IL‐12 in the cultured DCs on both films. Furthermore, HEK293T cells expressing only TLR4 (HEK‐TLR4 cells) were co‐cultured with LPS, a specific agonist for TLR4, and 10‐HDA. The 10‐HDA significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐a (TNF‐α) in the HEK‐TLR4 cells compared to treated only with LPS. These findings indicate that the 10‐HDA acts as an antagonist of TLR4; therefore, potentially can be used in autoimmune diseases and preventing the rejection of biomaterials implantation and allograft transplantation.
Taxonomy and utility in the diagnostic classification of mental disorders
Authors: Evans Spencer C. , Roberts Michael C. , Guler Jessy , Keeley Jared W. , Reed Geoffrey M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveOne strategy for improving the clinical utility of mental health diagnostic systems is to better align them with how clinicians conceptualize psychopathology in practice. This approach was used in International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD‐11) development, but its underlying assumption—a link between taxonomic “fit” and clinical utility—remains untested.MethodsUsing data from global mental health clinician samples (combined N = 5404), we investigated the association between taxonomic fit and clinical utility in mental disorder categories.ResultsThe overall association between fit and utility was positive (r = 0.19) but statistically not different from zero (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.06, 0.43) in this small sample (N = 39 ICD/DSM categories). However, a positive association became clear after correcting for outliers (r = 0.34 [0.05, 0.58] or higher). Further insights were apparent for specific diagnoses given their locations in the scatterplot.ConclusionsResults suggest a positive link between taxonomic fit and clinical utility in mental disorder diagnoses, highlighting future research directions.