bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICU Patients’ Antibiotic Exposure and Triazole-Resistance in Invasive Candidiasis: Parallel Analysis of Aggregated and Individual Data
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Ying , McGuire Treasure M. , Hollingworth Samantha A. , Van Driel Mieke L. , Cao Lu , Wang Xue , Dong Yalin 
Published: March 2021

Background: The relationship between antibiotic use and the incidence of triazole-resistant phenotypes of invasive candidiasis (IC) in critically ill patients is unclear. Different methodologies on determining this relationship may yield different results.Methods: A retrospective multicenter observational analysis was conducted to investigate exposure to antibiotics and the incidence of non-duplicate clinical isolates of Candida spp. resistant to fluconazole, voriconazole, or both during November 2013 to April 2018, using two different methodologies: group-level (time-series analysis) and individual-patient-level (regression analysis and propensity-score adjusting).Results: Of 393 identified Candida spp. from 388 critically ill patients, there were three phenotypes of IC identified: fluconazole-resistance (FR, 63, 16.0%); voriconazole-resistance (VR, 46, 11.7%); and cross-resistance between fluconazole and voriconazole (CR, 32, 8.1%). Exposure to several antibacterial agents with activity against the anaerobic gastrointestinal flora, especially third-generation cefalosporins (mainly cefoperazone/sulbactam and ceftriaxone), but not triazoles, have an immediate effect (time lag = 0) on subsequent ICU-acquired triazole-resistant IC in the group-level (p &lt; 0.05). When the same patient database was analyzed at the individual-patient-level, we found that exposure to many antifungal agents was significantly associated with triazole-resistance (fluconazole [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.73] or caspofungin [aOR = 11.32] on FR, voriconazole [aOR = 2.87] on CR). Compared to the mono-triazole-resistant phenotype, CR IC has worse clinical outcomes (14-days mortality) and a higher level of resistance.Conclusion: Group-level and individual-patient-level analyses of antibiotic-use-versus-resistance relations yielded distinct but valuable results. Antibacterials with antianaerobic activity and antifungals might have “indirect” and “direct” effect on triazole-resistant IC, respectively.
Inhibition of Shear-Induced Platelet Aggregation by Xueshuantong via Targeting Piezo1 Channel-Mediated Ca2+ Signaling Pathway
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Qiongling , Xiao Shunli , Sun Zhengxiao , Ding Shilan , Chen Ying , Wang Lan , Yin Xiaojie , Liao Fulong , Jiang Lin-Hua , Xue Mei , You Yun 
Published: March 2021

XueShuanTong (XST) comprising therapeutically active ginsenosides, a lyophilized extract of Panax notoginseng roots, is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases. Our recent study shows that treatment with XST inhibits shear-induced thrombosis formation but the underlying mechanism remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that XST inhibited shear-induced platelet aggregation via targeting the mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable Piezo1 channel by performing platelet aggregation assay, Ca2+ imaging and Western blotting analysis. Exposure to shear at physiologically (1,000–2000 s−1) and pathologically related rates (4,000–6,000 s−1) induced platelet aggregation that was inhibited by treatment with GsMTx-4. Exposure to shear evoked robust Ca2+ responses in platelets that were inhibited by treatment with GsMTx-4 and conversely enhanced by treatment with Yoda1. Treatment with XST at a clinically relevant concentration (0.15 g L−1) potently inhibited shear-induced Ca2+ responses and platelet aggregation, without altering vWF-mediated platelet adhesion and rolling. Exposure to shear, while resulting in no effect on the calpain-2 expression in platelets, induced calpain-2-mediated cleavage of talin1 protein, which is known to be critical for platelet activation. Shear-induced activation of calpain-2 and cleavage of talin1 were attenuated by treatment with XST. Taken together, our results suggest that XST inhibits shear-induced platelet aggregation via targeting the Piezo1 channel to prevent Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ signaling and downstream calpain-2 and talin1 signal pathway, thus providing novel insights into the mechanism of the therapeutic action of XST on platelet aggregation and thrombosis formation.
Nuciferine Inhibited the Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Regulating the Expression of Lipogenic Genes and Adipokines
Authors: Xu Hanyuan , Wang Linjie , Yan Kemin , Zhu Huijuan , Pan Hui , Yang Hongbo , Liu Meijuan , Gong Fengying 
Published: March 2021

Purposes: Nuciferine, a main aporphine alkaloid component found in lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera), has been demonstrated to possess the property of reducing fat mass and alleviating dyslipidemia in vivo. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of nuciferine on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and further investigate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 0∼20 μM nuciferine for 24∼120 h, the cell viability was assessed using CCK8. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and human primary preadipocytes were then induced differentiation and the effects of nuciferine on the lipid metabolism in differentiating and fully differentiated adipocytes were observed by the methods of intracellular triglyceride (TG) assay, Oil Red O staining, RT-qPCR and western blot. Transient transfection and dual luciferase reporter gene methods were used to assess the effects of nuciferine on FAS promoter activities.Results: Nuciferine inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 20 μM nuciferine significantly attenuated lipid accumulation and reduced intracellular TG contents by 47.2, 59.9 and 55.4% on the third, sixth and ninth day of preadipocytes differentiation, respectively (all p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, FAS, ACC, HSL and ATGL were notably decreased by 39.2∼92.5% in differentiating preadipocytes when treated with 5∼20 μM nuciferine (all p &lt; 0.05). In fully differentiated adipocytes treated with 20 μM nuciferine for 48 h, the mRNA levels of FAS, ACC and SREBP1 were remarkably downregulated by 22.6∼45.2% compared with the controls (0 μM) (all p &lt; 0.05), whereas the expression of adipokines FGF21 and ZAG were notably promoted by nuciferine. Similarly, in fully differentiated human primary adipocytes, the mRNA levels of FAS, ACC, SREBP1 were decreased and the expression of FGF21 and ZAG were elevated after treated with nuciferine (all p &lt; 0.05). Further mechanism studies showed that 2.5∼20 μM nuciferine significantly decreased FAS promoter activities in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.Conclusion: Nuciferine inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The inhibitory effects of nuciferine on adipogenesis might be due to the downregulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ, which led to the reduction of intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and by downregulating the expression of critical lipogenic enzymes, especially of FAS, which was achieved by inhibiting the FAS promoter activities. Besides, nuciferine promoted the expression of adipokines in fully differentiated adipocytes.
Trauma-Related Psychopathology in Iraqi Refugee Youth Resettled in the United States, and Comparison With an Ethnically Similar Refugee Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Grasser Lana Ruvolo , Haddad Luay , Manji Suzanne , Assari Shervin , Arfken Cynthia , Javanbakht Arash 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundConflict in Iraq has displaced millions of refugee youth. Warzone exposure and forced migration have unique acute and chronic impacts on youth, yet effects of exposure may not be universal across diverse refugee groups. Understanding how youth from various refugee groups are differentially affected by stress and trauma is critical to allocate resources and implement screening measures with the goal of providing early intervention.MethodTo identify the effects of warzone exposure and forced migration, a convenience sample of 48 Iraqi refugee youth ages 6–17 was assessed within the first month of arrival to the United States. Youth provided self-reported severity of posttraumatic stress and anxiety symptoms; symptom severity was then compared with an existing sample of 135 Syrian refugee youth to explore whether refugee youth of different nationalities experience the same effects of warzone exposure and forced migration. These data are the baseline for a longitudinal developmental study of refugee health, which also includes parental data.ResultsSeverity of separation anxiety and negative alterations in cognition and mood were the greatest symptomatic concerns in Iraqi refugee youth. Thirty-eight percent of responding Iraqi youth showed possible indication of an anxiety disorder. Severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms was lower in Iraqi youth compared to Syrian youth. For both Iraqi and Syrian refugee youth, separation anxiety was the most significant concern, with more than 80% of both samples showing a possible indication of clinically significant separation anxiety.ConclusionThe present observational study indicated that Iraqi refugee youth experience a range of anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms following warzone exposure and forced migration; posttraumatic stress symptoms were less severe in Iraqi versus Syrian youth. Comparing refugee youth of different nationalities is of particular importance, as our results demonstrate that findings from one refugee population cannot easily be generalized to another. Clinical and research efforts should prioritize interventions to address separation anxiety in refugee youth, which was of concern in both samples.
How Infant and Toddlers’ Media Use Is Related to Sleeping Habits in Everyday Life in Italy
Authors: Bellagamba Francesca , Presaghi Fabio , Di Marco Martina , D’Abundo Emilia , Blanchfield Olivia , Barr Rachel 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHeavy media use has been linked to sleep problems in children, which may also extend to the infancy period. While international parent-advisory agencies, such as the American Academy of Pediatrics (2016), advise no screen time before 18 months, parents often do not follow this recommendation. Research on Italian infants’ early access to media is sparse, and only very few studies have investigated links with sleeping habits.MethodTo address this gap, we examined concurrent associations between parent-reported surveys of child technology use and sleeping patterns. The Italian version of the 60 item Comprehensive Assessment of Family Media Exposure (CAFE) Survey, developed as part of a larger international study, (Barr et al., 2020), the Brief Screening Questionnaire for Infant Sleep Problems (BISQ) Sadeh, 2004) were completed online by 264 Italian parents of 8- to 36-month-olds and a subset (n = 134) completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) Abidin, 1995) between April 2017 and April 2018.ResultsMore devices located in the child’s room and the more time spent watching TV or using an iPad were associated with less hours of sleep at night. Furthermore, more time spent watching TV or using a smartphone, as well as the number of devices in the room was associated with going to sleep later at night. Instrumental media use was associated with less sleep.ConclusionLike other countries, Italian infants have high levels of exposure to media, and differences in media patterns were associated with sleep patterns. Cultural factors influence both instrumental reasons for media use and sleep practices. Further research should explore how media use may serve to regulate emotion as a function of both contextual factors and individual differences.
China:
Authors: Bernardis Joaquín , De la Torre María Victoria , Farabollini Bruno , Jullier Juan Pablo 
Published: March 2021

“China es un gigante dormido. Dejadlo dormir porque, cuando despierte, el mundo se sacudirá” dijo Napoleón Bonaparte en 1816. Dos siglos después, el gigante ya ha despertado.
Actualmente, la República Popular China es la segunda economía del mundo y ha logrado, sin dejar de lado su lugar como potencia regional en Asia, extender su poderío por los cinco continentes. De manera pacífica, y con el softpower como su mayor estrategia, ha sabido ganarse un lugar en la agenda política y económica de cada país con el cual ha iniciado vínculos diplomáticos.
En el presente trabajo se analizará el camino recorrido por elgigante asiático en el siglo XX y su transición hacia el siglo XXI. Su sistema político, su relación con los países vecinos, Estados Unidos y Europa; y su política exterior para África, la región latinoamericana y la República Argentina serán los ejes centrales.
Pivotes y mecanismo de la "Masculinidad Consciente".
Authors: España Galán Jair 
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este ensayo filosófico es realizar una presentación de lo que se considera “Masculinidad Consciente”, resaltando sus principales pivotes y mostrando de qué manera éstos pueden engranarse para construir un mecanismo relacional masculino fundamentado en el respeto de las diferencias psicológicas entre los individuos, y el respeto de lo humano y lo no-humano.
Para lo anterior será necesario realizar, inicialmente, un análisis filosófico de la forma en que se construye la masculinidad tradicional en Occidente, para posteriormente reflexionar sobre las posibilidades que tienen los hombres de hacer aportes a la lucha por la equidad (no igualdad) de género, lucha que históricamente han encabezado las mujeres. Se mostrará que la filosofía política, social y práctica puede hacer grandes aportes a las reflexiones sobre las formas en que los hombres establecen relaciones en el mundo, y que esta misma disciplina da fundamentos a la producción de una ética de las relaciones.
Se mostrará la forma en que la filosofía contemporánea francesa permite violentar la estructura atávica y universalizante de la masculinidad tradicional, y las posibles soluciones que surgen desde esta filosofía como pivotes constitutivos del mecanismo de una Masculinidad Consciente.
Apuntes en torno a los debates y conceptualizaciones del gobierno del Frente Para la Victoria en materia de Defensa
Authors: Alaniz Pablo Daniel 
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de problematizar en torno a las principales perspectivas que se plantearon el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner y Cristina Fernández en relación a la planificación en cuestiones de defensa. Se mencionan algunos de sus principales lineamientos, así como las diferentes etapas y debates de los ejes conceptuales, haciendo hincapié en los objetivos políticos que perseguían con las reformas y la profundización de los principios liminares y los principales lineamientos de los ministros en la cartera durante el periodo de 2003- 2015, etapa que comprende el gobierno del Frente Para La Victoria.
Teniendo en consideración el consenso básico en que se nucleó el proyecto de defensa democrático, sostenemos que la política de defensa que mayor atención recibió, estuvo relacionada con la profundización de los principios liminares en los que se inauguró la política de Defensa de Alfonsín, dado que allí se destaca la definición concreta de las esferas de competencia de “Defensa Nacional y la Seguridad Interior” y el “Gobierno Civil de las Fuerzas Armadas (FFAA)”. Por otro lado, la impronta de la gestión de Cristina Fernández tuvo la característica de re-vincular al ministerio de defensa y el sistema de defensa argentino con la producción industrial de índole militar e infraestructural ─y en articulación con otras carteras─, el resguardo de los recursos naturales y la integración de las FFAA en el planeamiento estratégico ante eventuales emergencias climáticas.
Formas de vivencia, convivencia y supervivencia en el sector centro de Bogotá
Authors: Pinzón Daza Sandra Liliana 
Published: March 2021

El estudio de las ciudades lleva inmerso el análisis de las prácticas sociales de los diferentes grupos humanos que allí confluyen, así como de las relaciones de los individuos con los espacios, lugares y actividades, propios de los centros urbanos. En el caso del centro urbano de la ciudad de Bogotá, comprendido en esta muestra entre las calles 19 a la 32 y las carreras tercera a la séptima, es posible describir las categorías de vivencia, convivencia y supervivencia que allí se observan, a partir de las estrategias para solucionar los problemas y las necesidades diarias de los grupos humanos que allí habitan o confluyen, y de las actividades que estructuran y diseñan la relación filial de los sujetos con su entorno. Lo anterior permite construir mapas cognitivos de los habitantes, comerciantes y transeúntes del sector centro de la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello nos basamos en aspectos teóricos que revisan las diferencias entre las nociones de territorio, espacio y lugar; lo propuesto por Bourdieu (1990) en torno a las nociones de campo y habitus; y acudimos a la denominación de mapas cognitivos construida por Lee (1976), Milgram (1977). Bell, Fisher, Baum y Green (1996). Lynch (1960).
Entre Meio e Fim
Authors: Korsakas Paula , Rizzi Ester Gammardella , Tsukamoto Mariana Harumi Cruz , Galatti Larissa Rafaela 
Published: March 2021

O esporte é um direito no cenário internacional e, no caso brasileiro, constitucional, fruto de processos históricos de construção e disputa de narrativas. Ainda assim, há grandes desafios a serem superados para sua realização. Entre eles, estão as ambiguidades e tensões entre práticas discursivas distintas que o apresentam como uma atividade humana que é própria à realização do desenvolvimento ou como ferramenta de desenvolvimento. Neste ensaio, questionamos a retórica instrumental do esporte - o esporte-meio - que, a nosso ver, marginaliza e empobrece a experiência esportiva e, consequentemente, enfraquece-o como direito social. No lugar, argumentamos em favor do direito ao esporte como esporte-fim em que assegurá-lo pressupõe tornar as pessoas capazes de praticá-lo com liberdade e autodeterminação como experiência humana fundante de uma vida digna e boa.
Landscaping of green areas in the urban layout of midtown Lublin
Authors: Przesmycka Natalia , Boguszewska Kamila 
Published: March 2021

Today’s Lublin midtown has been shaped through both spontaneous and planned change. The oldest existing form of green landscaping in midtown Lublin are its convent gardens. Most of them have not retained their former character which was influenced by both changes in ownership and functionality. Planned green area landscaping as an element of urban composition appeared in Lublin for the first time at the beginning of the 19th century. It was then that the streamlined squares, markets and streets (Plac Musztry, Krakowskie Przedmieście, church squares) as well as the newly mapped out road and rail links gained a frame in the form of trees and shrubbery. A number of trees planted in the 19th century are still around to this day, forming a valued element of the city’s cultural and natural landscape. Soon after, the first city public parks appeared (Park na Czechówce, Ogród Miejski and Park Bronowicki). The historic cemeteries (at Lipowa St., the cemetery by the Evangelical church) are a very specific variant of urban green landscape in today’s midtown.
This article shows kinds of planned green area urban landscaping characteristic to midtown Lublin, based on the archival source materials, project studies, literature and iconography. The transformations of forms and functionalities of the indicated areas have been studied in the period from their foundation to date. Lublin midtown’s most vital public space – Plac Litewski – was the subject of detailed analysis.
Understanding the influence of contact resistances on short-channel high-mobility organic transistors in linear and saturation regimes
Authors: Tazuhara Shion , Nagase Takashi , Kobayashi Takashi , Sadamitsu Yuichi , Naito Hiroyoshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on 2,7-didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C12-BTBT) exhibit a high channel field-effect mobilities (μ
FET) of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1, while effective μ
FET significantly decreases with reducing channel length. Here, we investigate the influence of contact resistances on the effective μ
FET of short-channel C12-BTBT FETs operated in the linear and saturation regimes. The numerical calculations using an equivalent circuit involving source and drain contact resistances reveal a large influence of the effective gate-source voltage on the reduction of saturation μ
FET in short-channel OFETs. An anomalous trend in the channel-length dependence of linear and saturation μ
FET in C12-BTBT FETs is also discussed.
Analisis Dampak Reklamasi Pantai Seruni Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Kelurahan Tappanjeng Kabupaten Bantaeng
Authors: Rafsanjani Dhai , Bau Qadriathi Dg. , Suhaeb Muh. Iqbal Samad 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola pengembangan dan menganalisis dampak pengembangan kawasan reklamasi Pantai Seruni terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Kelurahan Tappanjeng Kecamatan Bantaeng Kabupaten Bantaeng. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis yaitu overlay dan analisis korelasi. Data diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Bantaeng, Dinas Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Bantaeng, Kantor Kecamatan Bantaeng, Kantor Kelurahan Tappanjeng dan masyarakat Kelurahan Tappanjeng dengan dibatasi pada kawasan reklamasi Pantai Seruni yang bertindak sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pengembangan kawasan reklamasi Pantai Seruni jika didasarkan pada pola penggunaan lahan yang ada dengan melihat perbandingan selama 10 (sepuluh) tahun terakhir terjadi penambahan luas lahan dari 9,47 hektar menjadi 18,5 hektar. Dengan demikian pola pengembangan kawasan dan tata guna lahan di lokasi penelitian meningkat. Aspek lain yang juga menjadi sisi positif dari keberadaan reklamasi Pantai Seruni adalah dimana Pantai Seruni yang dulunya hanya sekedar merupakan hamparan atau areal yang berada sekitar pantai wilayah Kelurahan Tappanjaeng dengan aktivitas manusia dan fasilitas yang sangat terbatas berubah menjadi suatu kawasan yang memberikan dampak posisif baik bagi ekositem lingkungan, kondisi sosial budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat serta pembangunan wilayah kabupaten Bantaeng secara umum.
This study aims to examine the development pattern and analyze the impact of the development of Seruni Beach reclamation area on the socio-economic conditions of the community in Tappanjeng Village, Bantaeng District, Bantaeng Regency. This research is quantitative descriptive using analytical methods namely overlay and correlation analysis. Data was obtained from Bantaeng Regency Regional Statistics Agency, Bantaeng Regency Spatial Planning Office, Bantaeng Sub-district Office, Tappanjeng Kelurahan Office and Tappanjeng Village Community limited to the reclamation area of Seruni Beach as respondents. The results showed that in the development pattern of the Seruni Beach reclamation area based on existing land use patterns by looking at the comparison over the last 10 (ten) years, there was an increase in land area from 9.47 hectares to 18.5 hectares. Thus, the pattern of area development and land use in the studied site inreases. Another aspect that is also a positive side of the existence of the reclamation of the Seruni Beach is where the Seruni Beach which was once just a stretch or area around the coast of Tappanjaeng Village with human activities and facilities that are very limited has turned into an area that has a positive impact on the ecosystem environment, socio-economic culture of the community as well as the development of Bantaeng Regency in general.