bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in coagulopathy indices in patients with severe versus non-severe COVID-19: a meta-analysis of 35 studies and 6427 patients
Authors: Polimeni Alberto , Leo Isabella , Spaccarotella Carmen , Mongiardo Annalisa , Sorrentino Sabato , Sabatino Jolanda , De Rosa Salvatore , Indolfi Ciro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease that appeared in China in December 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. Several patients with severe COVID-19 infection can develop a coagulopathy according to the ISTH criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) with fulminant activation of coagulation, resulting in widespread microvascular thrombosis and consumption of coagulation factors. We conducted a meta-analysis in order to explore differences in coagulopathy indices in patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. An electronic search was performed within PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus electronic databases between December 2019 (first confirmed Covid-19 case) up to April 6th, 2020. The primary endpoint was the difference of D-dimer values between Non-Severe vs Severe disease and Survivors vs Non-Survivors. Furthermore, results on additional coagulation parameters (platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time) were also analyzed. The primary analysis showed that mean d-dimer was significantly lower in COVID-19 patients with non-severe disease than in those with severe (SMD − 2.15 [− 2.73 to − 1.56], I2 98%, P < 0.0001). Similarly, we found a lower mean d-dimer in Survivors compared to Non-Survivors (SMD − 2.91 [− 3.87 to − 1.96], I2 98%, P < 0.0001). Additional analysis of platelet count showed higher levels of mean PLT in Non-Severe patients than those observed in the Severe group (SMD 0.77 [0.32 to 1.22], I2 96%, P < 0.001). Of note, a similar result was observed even when Survivors were compared to Non-Survivors (SMD 1.84 [1.16 to 2.53], I2 97%, P < 0.0001). Interestingly, shorter mean PT was found in both Non-Severe (SMD − 1.34 [− 2.06 to − 0.62], I2 98%, P < 0.0002) and Survivors groups (SMD − 1.61 [− 2.69 to − 0.54], I2 98%, P < 0.003) compared to Severe and Non-Survivor patients. In conclusion, the results of the present meta-analysis demonstrate that Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with higher D-dimer values, lower platelet count and prolonged PT. This data suggests a possible role of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 disease complications.
Identification of targets of JS-K against HBV-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2.2.15 cells with iTRAQ proteomics
Authors: Liu Zhengyun , Xu Yan , Zhang Wanling , Gao Xinghong , Luo Guo , Song Hong , Liu Jie , Wang Huan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJS-K, a nitric oxide-releasing diazeniumdiolates, is effective against various tumors. We have discovered that JS-K was effective against Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive HepG2.2.15 cells. This study used iTRAQ to identify differentially expressed proteins following JS-K treatment of HepG2.2.15 cells. Silenced Transgelin (shTAGLN-2.15) cells were constructed, and the cell viability was analyzed by the CCK8 assay after treatment with JS-K. There were 182 differentially expressed proteins in JS-K treated-HepG2.2.15 cells; 73 proteins were up-regulated and 109 proteins were down-regulated. These proteins were categorized according to GO classification. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Endocytosis, Phagosome and Proteoglycans were the most significant pathways. RT-PCR confirmed that the expression levels of TAGLN, IGFBP1, SMTN, SERPINE1, ANXA3, TMSB10, LGALS1 and KRT19 were significantly up-regulated, and the expression levels of C5, RBP4, CHKA, SIRT5 and TRIM14 were significantly down-regulated in JS-K treated-HepG2.2.15 cells. Western blotting confirmed the increased levels of USP13 and TAGLN proteins in JS-K treated-HepG2.2.15 cells. Molecular docking revealed the binding of JS-K to TAGLN and shTAGLN-2.15 cells were resistant to JS-K cytotoxicity, suggesting that TAGLN could be an important target in JS-K anti-HBV-positive liver cancer cells. These proteomic findings could shed new insights into mechanisms underlying the effect of JS-K against HBV-related HCC.
Diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging after radiation therapy for bone metastases in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Yoo Gyu Sang , Yoon Young Cheol , Park Hee Chul , Kim Hyun Su 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to assess changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters after radiation therapy (RT) for bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to evaluate their prognostic value. This prospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Fourteen patients with HCC underwent RT (30 Gy in 10 fractions once daily) for bone metastases. The ADC and DCE-MRI parameters and the volume of the target lesions were measured before (baseline) and one month after RT (post-RT). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the parameters between the baseline and post-RT MRI. The parameters were compared between patients with or without disease progression in RT fields using the Mann–Whitney test. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the interobserver agreement. The medians of the ADC, rate constant [kep], and volume fraction of the extravascular extracellular matrix [ve] in the baseline and post-RT MRI were 0.67 (range 0.61–0.72) and 0.75 (range 0.63–1.43) (× 10–3 mm2/s) (P = 0.027), 836.33 (range 301.41–1082.32) and 335.80 (range 21.86–741.87) (× 10–3/min) (P = 0.002), and 161.54 (range 128.38–410.13) and 273.99 (range 181.39–1216.95) (× 10–3) (P = 0.027), respectively. The medians of the percent change in the ADC of post-RT MRI in patients with progressive disease and patients without progressive disease were − 1.35 (range − 6.16 to 6.79) and + 46.71 (range 7.71–112.81) (%) (P = 0.011), respectively. The interobserver agreements for all MRI parameters were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.8). In conclusion, the ADC, kep, and ve of bone metastases changed significantly after RT. The percentage change in the ADC was closely related to local tumor progression.
Soil environmental quality in Nanling commodity grain base based on equal intercept transformation radar chart
Authors: Dong Hai-biao , Zhang Guang-hui , Yan Ming-jiang , Tian Yan-liang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces for the first time the equal intercept transformation radar chart—an improved form—to the assessment of soil environmental quality of Nanling commodity grain base. The equal intercept transformation radar chart, a visual graphical data analysis method, translates data from a numerical to graphical format. This visualization enables data presentation, analysis process and results stick out a mile and is capable of fully retaining information contained in data and excavating it in depth from geometry. Moreover, it overcomes pertinently the main defect of the conventional radar chart that the evaluation result depends heavily on the order of arrangement of indicators. The results indicated that the soil environmental quality at depths of 0–60 cm in the low mountain area of the Nanling commodity grain base was the second grade, while that in the hilly and plain areas were both first grade. The indicators of poor soil environmental quality in the low mountain area were exogenous Cd and endogenous As; those in the hilly area were exogenous Cd and endogenous As and Hg; and that in the plain area was exogenous Cd. The results were in line with the actual situation of the study area.
Concurrent neuroimaging and neurostimulation reveals a causal role for dlPFC in coding of task-relevant information
Authors: Jackson Jade B. , Feredoes Eva , Rich Anina N. , Lindner Michael , Woolgar Alexandra 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is proposed to drive brain-wide focus by biasing processing in favour of task-relevant information. A longstanding debate concerns whether this is achieved through enhancing processing of relevant information and/or by inhibiting irrelevant information. To address this, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during fMRI, and tested for causal changes in information coding. Participants attended to one feature, whilst ignoring another feature, of a visual object. If dlPFC is necessary for facilitation, disruptive TMS should decrease coding of attended features. Conversely, if dlPFC is crucial for inhibition, TMS should increase coding of ignored features. Here, we show that TMS decreases coding of relevant information across frontoparietal cortex, and the impact is significantly stronger than any effect on irrelevant information, which is not statistically detectable. This provides causal evidence for a specific role of dlPFC in enhancing task-relevant representations and demonstrates the cognitive-neural insights possible with concurrent TMS-fMRI-MVPA.
Proline codon pair selection determines ribosome pausing strength and translation efficiency in bacteria
Authors: Krafczyk Ralph , Qi Fei , Sieber Alina , Mehler Judith , Jung Kirsten , Frishman Dmitrij , Lassak Jürgen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe speed of mRNA translation depends in part on the amino acid to be incorporated into the nascent chain. Peptide bond formation is especially slow with proline and two adjacent prolines can even cause ribosome stalling. While previous studies focused on how the amino acid context of a Pro-Pro motif determines the stalling strength, we extend this question to the mRNA level. Bioinformatics analysis of the Escherichia coli genome revealed significantly differing codon usage between single and consecutive prolines. We therefore developed a luminescence reporter to detect ribosome pausing in living cells, enabling us to dissect the roles of codon choice and tRNA selection as well as to explain the genome scale observations. Specifically, we found a strong selective pressure against CCC/U-C, a sequon causing ribosomal frameshifting even under wild-type conditions. On the other hand, translation efficiency as positive evolutionary driving force led to an overrepresentation of CCG. This codon is not only translated the fastest, but the corresponding prolyl-tRNA reaches almost saturating levels. By contrast, CCA, for which the cognate prolyl-tRNA amounts are limiting, is used to regulate pausing strength. Thus, codon selection both in discrete positions but especially in proline codon pairs can tune protein copy numbers.
Conductive NiMn-based bimetallic metal–organic gel nanosheets for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhong Qiankun , Liu Wensheng , Yang Yong , Pan Wenkang , Wu Mingzai , Zheng Fangcai , Lian Xiao , Niu Helin 
Published: May 2021

The interaction of metal ion and low molecular weight gelators easily control the growth of the NiMn MOG with different nanostructures by changing the molar ratio of Ni2+ and Mn2+.
Histone deacetylase 10, a potential epigenetic target for therapy
Authors: Cheng Fajuan , Zheng Bin , Wang Jianwei , Zhao Guiting , Yao Zhongshun , Niu Zhihong , He Wei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 10, a class II family, has been implicated in various tumors and non-tumor diseases, which makes the discovery of biological functions and novel inhibitors a fundamental endeavor. In cancers, HDAC10 plays crucial roles in regulating various cellular processes through its epigenetic functions or targeting some decisive molecular or signaling pathways. It also has potential clinical utility for targeting tumors and non-tumor diseases, such as renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), intracerebral hemorrhage, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and schizophrenia. To date, relatively few studies have investigated HDAC10-specific inhibitors. Therefore, it is important to study the biological functions of HDAC10 for the future development of specific HDAC10 inhibitors. In this review, we analyzed the biological functions, mechanisms and inhibitors of HDAC10, which makes HDAC10 an appealing therapeutic target.
A Deep Learning Enhanced Novel Software Tool for Laryngeal Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Kist Andreas M. , Gómez Pablo , Dubrovskiy Denis , Schlegel Patrick , Kunduk Melda , Echternach Matthias , Patel Rita , Semmler Marion , Bohr Christopher , Dürr Stephan , Schützenberger Anne , Döllinger Michael 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
High-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) is an emerging, but barely used, endoscopy technique in the clinic to assess and diagnose voice disorders because of the lack of dedicated software to analyze the data. HSV allows to quantify the vocal fold oscillations by segmenting the glottal area. This challenging task has been tackled by various studies; however, the proposed approaches are mostly limited and not suitable for daily clinical routine.

Method
We developed a user-friendly software in C# that allows the editing, motion correction, segmentation, and quantitative analysis of HSV data. We further provide pretrained deep neural networks for fully automatic glottis segmentation.

Results
We freely provide our software Glottis Analysis Tools (GAT). Using GAT, we provide a general threshold-based region growing platform that enables the user to analyze data from various sources, such as in vivo recordings, ex vivo recordings, and high-speed footage of artificial vocal folds. Additionally, especially for in vivo recordings, we provide three robust neural networks at various speed and quality settings to allow a fully automatic glottis segmentation needed for application by untrained personnel. GAT further evaluates video and audio data in parallel and is able to extract various features from the video data, among others the glottal area waveform, that is, the changing glottal area over time. In total, GAT provides 79 unique quantitative analysis parameters for video- and audio-based signals. Many of these parameters have already been shown to reflect voice disorders, highlighting the clinical importance and usefulness of the GAT software.

Conclusion
GAT is a unique tool to process HSV and audio data to determine quantitative, clinically relevant parameters for research, diagnosis, and treatment of laryngeal disorders.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14575533
Complex WGM frequencies of gyroelectric cylindrical resonators
Authors: Katsinos Konstantinos , Zouros Grigorios P. , Kolezas Georgios D. , Pagiatakis Gerasimos K. , Roumeliotis John A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAsymptotic closed‐form expressions for calculating complex transverse electric (TE)/transverse magnetic (TM) whispering gallery mode (WGM) frequencies in homogeneous gyroelectric circular cylindrical resonators of infinite length are derived. In addition, a volume integral equation (VIE)‐cylindrical Dini series expansion method is extended to support the prediction of complex WGMs for continuously varying highly inhomogeneous gyroelectric circular cylindrical resonators. To this end, the entire domain orthogonal vectorial basis of VIE is extended to support very large indices of the involved Dini‐type cylindrical vector wave functions via asymptotic closed‐form expressions. This way, the eigenbasis required to solve the VIE becomes free of numerical instabilities arising when very large orders of the involved Bessel functions are employed. The complex frequencies obtained by the asymptotic closed‐form expressions for the case of the homogeneous gyroelectric resonator, as well as those obtained by the VIE when the multilayered gyroelectric resonator is reduced to one layer, are validated by comparisons with the complex roots extracted by numerically solving the TE/TM characteristic equations obtained from the separation of variables method, using complex root finding techniques. We demonstrate the calculation of very high‐order WGM frequencies for cylindrical resonators composed of homogeneous and highly inhomogeneous permittivity profiles. This asymptotic theory constitutes a rigorous tool that may serve for verifying method of analytical regularisation–based numerical solutions for other non‐circular inhomogeneous cylinders, and for interpreting experimental data for applications such as WGM lasing, refractometric sensing, and magneto‐optic coupling.
Similia Similibus Curentur: Theory, History, and Status of the Constitutive Principle of Homeopathy
Authors: Schmidt Josef M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA clear definition of its subject and correct application of its tenets are the basis of any science. Conversely, the want of a unanimous understanding of its constituting principles by the homeopathic community is undermining its scientific practice, research and discussion. To facilitate these, first and foremost the Principle of Similars, similia similibus curentur, has to be clarified and assessed in terms of its theoretical meaning, historical development, and epistemological status. Hahnemann's conceptions, explanations, and appraisals were not static but evolved and hardened over the years, especially from 1796 to 1810. While initially he related similia similibus to an imitation of similar cures by nature and proposed it as an opposition to contraria contrariis, he later generalised it to the treatment of any disease. Whilst originally he considered it to be a hermeneutical principle, or a hint towards a curative remedy, Hahnemann later dogmatised it as the only truth. Considering advances in epistemology and theory of medicine, however, the Principle of Similars may not be assessed as a final truth or natural law to be empirically verified or falsified for good, but rather as a practical maxim, guiding the artist of healing in his/her curing of diseases rationally and individually.
Fresh Cadaver Simulation Model with Continuous Extracorporeal Circulation as a Training Platform for Intracranial High-Flow Bypass: Technical Note and Rheologic Feasibility Evaluation
Authors: Santori Alejandro Mercado , Arancibia María Sol , Andaluz Norberto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction As endovascular techniques evolve toward replacing open surgery, several clinical scenarios still require surgical revascularization. Characterizing this era are decreasing surgical volumes and lack of realistic training models. In an effort to develop lifelike simulation models, we developed a platform for surgical training on high-flow bypass in a fresh cadaver model. Our technique incorporated an extracorporeal circulating system that resembled clinical conditions and confirmed anastomosis efficacy by clinical parameters.
Methods On three fresh cadaveric heads, the subtemporal approach exposed the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) (C2) as the donor vessel for an interposition radial artery graft. Using a continuous extracorporeal circulation system, the bypass model was tested in three fresh heads and verified using clinical technologies.
Results Successful C2 ICA to M2 anastomosis was completed in all three fresh heads, confirmed with qualitative and quantitative Doppler, and indocyanine green angiography. Antegrade distribution through graft and revascularized territory was documented on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan with radiopaque silicone injected through the ipsilateral carotid.
Conclusion This study confirmed the feasibility of a totally intracranial high-flow bypass in a fresh cadaver model that achieved hemodynamic features aligned with those of normal middle cerebral artery flow in the clinical setting.
Terahertz spoof surface plasmon sensing based on dielectric metagrating coupling
Authors: Li Xiangjun , Wang Luoyang , Cheng Gang , Hou Xiaomei , Yan Dexian , Qiu Guohua , Guo Shihui , Zhou Weidong , Li Jining 
Published: May 2021

We propose a terahertz surface plasmon resonance sensor based on dielectric metagrating coupling to the spoof surface plasmon (SSP) mode on periodically grooved metal films. The well-designed silicon metagrating converts the normal incident to the necessary angle in the dielectric substrate exciting SSP with the transmission coupling between couplers and SSP metasurfaces. Using an all-dielectric metagrating as an external coupler, the tightly confined SSP mode can be excited within a small resonant cavity, causing the strong light–matter interaction. The proposed SSP dielectric meta-couplers will pave new routes for ultra-thin and compact sensing devices. The dielectric substrate thickness, the air gap distance between the substrate and the metal groove array, and metal groove gaps have remarkable influences on the characteristics of SSP sensing. The SSP sensing by metagrating coupling with the resonance frequency around 0.404 THz provides a high sensitivity of up to 335 GHz/RIU and a detection limit less than 0.0001 RIU with a frequency resolution of 33.5 MHz. Dielectric metagrating coupling SSP provides enormous potential for constructing ultra-sensitive and compact SSP sensors in the terahertz frequency region.
Genomic basis of parallel adaptation varies with divergence in
Arabidopsis
and its relatives
Authors: Bohutínská Magdalena , Vlček Jakub , Yair Sivan , Laenen Benjamin , Konečná Veronika , Fracassetti Marco , Slotte Tanja , Kolář Filip 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Repeated evolution tends to be more predictable. The impressive spectrum of recent reports on genomic parallelism, however, revealed that the fraction of the genome that evolves in parallel varies greatly, possibly reflecting different evolutionary scales investigated. Here, we demonstrate divergence-dependent parallelism using a comprehensive genome-wide dataset comprising 12 cases of parallel alpine adaptation and identify decreasing probability of adaptive re-use of genetic variation as the major underlying cause. This finding empirically demonstrates that evolutionary predictability is scale dependent and suggests that availability of preexisting variation drives parallelism within and among populations and species. Altogether, our results inform the ongoing discussion about the (un)predictability of evolution, relevant for applications in pest control, nature conservation, or the evolution of pathogen resistance.
Studying the specific heat of sand with an Arduino board
Authors: Pinheiro Junior Jefferson Buonafina , Soares Antonio Augusto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present a sequence of two physics experiments, designed for use with secondary students, which investigate the specific heat of sand, both qualitatively and quantitatively, without a calorimeter. We use two LM35 temperature sensors and an Arduino prototype board for data acquisition. The results are good and allow teachers to discuss the behaviours of water and sand in the heating and cooling processes. Our proposals are suitable for use in the teaching of high school students and lead to meaningful learning about this physical property.