bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of antithrombotic treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Hamulyák Eva N. , Daams Joost G. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Biemond Bart J. , te Boekhorst Peter A. W. , Middeldorp Saskia , Lauw Mandy N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis, have an increased risk of thrombosis. Risk of recurrent thrombosis can be reduced with antithrombotic therapy and/or cytoreduction, but the optimal long-term management in patients with MPN with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unknown, and clinical practice is heterogeneous. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and observational studies evaluating anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy, with or without cytoreduction, in MPN patients with a history of VTE. A total of 5675 unique citations were screened for eligibility. No randomized trials were identified. Ten observational studies involving 1295 patients with MPN were included in the analysis. Overall, 23% had an arterial or recurrent venous thrombotic event on follow-up. The recurrence risk was lowest for patients on oral anticoagulation plus cytoreduction (16%); 55 of 313 (18%) with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and 5 of 63 (8%) with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). In 746 analyzed patients, the risk of recurrent VTE ranged up to 33% (median 13%) and was low in 63 DOAC plus cytoreduction-treated patients (3.2%). All types of antithrombotic treatments were associated with a lower risk of recurrent VTE when combined with cytoreduction. Most studies had a high risk of bias, whereas clinical and statistical heterogeneity led to inconsistent and imprecise findings. In summary, evidence on the optimal antithrombotic treatment of VTE in patients with MPN is based on observational studies only with low certainty for all strategies. Our data suggest that a combination of anticoagulation and cytoreduction may provide the lowest recurrence risk.
Influenza virus infection increases ACE2 expression and shedding in human small airway epithelial cells
Authors: Schweitzer Kelly S. , Crue Taylor , Nall Jordan M. , Foster Daniel , Sajuthi Satria , Correll Kelly A. , Nakamura Mari , Everman Jamie L. , Downey Gregory P. , Seibold Max A. , Bridges James P. , Serban Karina A. , Chu Hong Wei , Petrache Irina 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrate high rates of co-infection with respiratory viruses, including influenza A (IAV), suggesting pathogenic interactions.MethodsWe investigated how IAV may increase the risk of COVID-19 lung disease, focusing on the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 and the protease TMPRSS2, which cooperate in the intracellular uptake of SARS-CoV-2.ResultsWe found, using single-cell RNA sequencing of distal human nondiseased lung homogenates, that at baseline, ACE2 is minimally expressed in basal, goblet, ciliated and secretory epithelial cells populating small airways. We focused on human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), central to the pathogenesis of lung injury following viral infections. Primary SAECs from nondiseased donor lungs apically infected (at the air–liquid interface) with IAV (up to 3×105 pfu; ∼1 multiplicity of infection) markedly (eight-fold) boosted the expression of ACE2, paralleling that of STAT1, a transcription factor activated by viruses. IAV increased the apparent electrophoretic mobility of intracellular ACE2 and generated an ACE2 fragment (90 kDa) in apical secretions, suggesting cleavage of this receptor. In addition, IAV increased the expression of two proteases known to cleave ACE2, sheddase ADAM17 (TACE) and TMPRSS2 and increased the TMPRSS2 zymogen and its mature fragments, implicating proteolytic autoactivation.ConclusionThese results indicate that IAV amplifies the expression of molecules necessary for SARS-CoV-2 infection of the distal lung. Furthermore, post-translational changes in ACE2 by IAV may increase vulnerability to lung injury such as acute respiratory distress syndrome during viral co-infections. These findings support efforts in the prevention and treatment of influenza infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Performance on sit-to-stand tests in relation to measures of functional fitness and sarcopenia diagnosis in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Yee Xianyang Sherman , Ng Yee Sien , Allen John Carson , Latib Aisyah , Tay Ee Ling , Abu Bakar Huda Mukhlis , Ho Chien Yee Jolene , Koh Wan Cheen Charissa , Kwek Hwee Heem Theresa , Tay Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe sit-to-stand (STS) test has been deployed as surrogate measures of strength or physical performance in sarcopenia diagnosis. This study examines the relationship of two common STS variants – Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5TSTS) and 30 s Chair Stand Test (30CST) – with grip strength, muscle mass and functional measures, and their impact on sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of 887 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. Participants completed a battery of physical fitness tests - 5TSTS, 30CST, grip strength, gait speed, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) for dynamic balance and six-minute walk test (6MWT) for cardiorespiratory endurance. Muscle mass was measured using multi-frequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We performed correlation analysis between STS performance and other fitness measures and muscle mass, followed by multiple linear regression for the independent determinants of STS performance.ResultsMean participant age was 67.3±7 years, with female predominance (72.9%). STS tests exhibited weak correlations with grip strength (30CST,r= 0.290; 5TSTS,r= − 0.242; bothp< 0.01), and stronger correlations with gait speed (30CST,r= 0.517; 5TSTS,r= − 0.533; both p< 0.01), endurance (30CST,r= 0.558; 5TSTS,r= − 0.531; bothp< 0.01) and dynamic balance (30CST,r= − 0.501; 5TSTS,r= 0.646; both p< 0.01). Muscle mass correlated with grip strength but not STS. In multiple regression analysis, all fitness measures were independently associated with 30CST performance. Performance in both STS tests remained independent of muscle mass. There was no significant difference in prevalence of possible sarcopenia diagnosis using grip strength or STS (30CST, 25.0%; 5TSTS, 22.1%; grip strength, 22.3%;p= 0.276). When both measures are used, prevalence is significantly higher (42.0%;p= 0.276). Prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia with inclusion of muscle mass was significantly lower using STS compared with grip strength (30CST, 4.6%; 5TSTS, 4.1% vs. grip strength, 7.1%;p< 0.05).ConclusionIn the sarcopenia construct, STS tests better represents muscle physical performance rather than muscle strength. Different subsets of population with possible sarcopenia are identified depending on the test used. The lack of association of STS performance with muscle mass results in a lower prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia compared with grip strength, but may better reflect changes in muscle quality.
National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jafari Alireza , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Gholian-Aval Mahdi , Peyman Nooshin , Mahdizadeh Mehrsadat , Tehrani Hadi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic and meta-analysis review aimed to provide an updated estimate of the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women, in geographic areas worldwide, and demonstrate a trend of the prevalence of smoking over time by using a cumulative meta-analysis.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published on the prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. We searched PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Ovid from January 2010 to April 2020. The reference lists of the studies included in this review were also screened. Data were reviewed and extracted independently by two authors. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women. Sources of heterogeneity among the studies were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of ever and current cigarette smoking in women was 28% and 17%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in adolescent girls/students of the school, adult women, pregnant women, and women with the disease was 23%, 27%, 32%, and 38%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of ever cigarette smoking in the continents of Oceania, Asia, Europe, America, and Africa was 36%, 14%, 38%, 31%, and 32%, respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of cigarette smoking among women is very high, which is significant in all subgroups of adolescents, adults, and pregnant women. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement appropriate educational programs for them, especially in schools, to reduce the side effects and prevalence of smoking among women.
Acute macular neuroretinopathy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and deceased by COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Zamani Ghodsieh , Ataei Azimi; Sajjad , Aminizadeh Ali , Shams Abadi Elham , Kamandi Mostafa , Mortazi Hasan , Shariat Somayeh , Abrishami Mojtaba 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a visual-deteriorating rare clinical entity with an uncertain etiology. We aimed to report a case of AMN and underlying disease of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Case presentation
A thirty-five-year-old female patient with bone marrow biopsy confirmed AML, and bicytopenia, under chemotherapy, complained of sudden paracentral visual field defect in her right eye was referred. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Posterior segment evaluation revealed multiple Roth’s spots. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated hyper-reflectivity band, in the outer nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer, nasal to the fovea of the right eye, and hyperreflective patch in outer retina segmentation en-face OCT, suggestive of the diagnosis of AMN. Nine days after AMN diagnosis, dyspnea, malaise, and cough was initiated. Ground glass opacities in lung CT scan, beside reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, was conclusive of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The patient deceased after 6 days.

Conclusion
We report a rare case of AMN following AML. Our findings support the role of ischemia in the outer retina, of which AML may contributed to the pathophysiological process. The patient has deceased less than 2 weeks from AMN initiation.
Genome-wide identification of the 14–3-3 gene family and its participation in floral transition by interacting with TFL1/FT in apple
Authors: Zuo Xiya , Wang Shixiang , Xiang Wen , Yang Huiru , Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Zheng Shangong , An Na , Han Mingyu , Zhao Caiping , Zhang Dong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a popular cultivated fruit crop with high economic value in China. Apple floral transition is an important process but liable to be affected by various environmental factors. The 14–3-3 proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, and some 14–3-3 members play vital roles in flowering. However, little information was available about the 14–3-3 members in apple.

Results
In the current study, we identified eighteen 14–3-3 gene family members from the apple genome database, designated MdGF14a to MdGF14r. The isoforms possess a conserved core region comprising nine antiparallel α-helices and divergent N and C termini. According to their structural and phylogenetic features, Md14–3-3 proteins could be classified into two major evolutionary branches, the epsilon (ɛ) group and the non-epsilon (non-ɛ) group. Moreover, expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed diverse expression patterns of Md14–3-3 genes in various tissues and in response to different sugars and hormone treatments during the floral transition phase. Four Md14–3-3 isoforms (MdGF14a, MdGF14d, MdGF14i, and MdGF14j) exhibiting prominent transcriptional responses to sugars and hormones were selected for further investigation. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showed that the four Md14–3-3 proteins interact with key floral integrators, MdTFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER1) and MdFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T). Subcellular localization of four selected Md14–3-3 proteins demonstrated their localization in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Conclusion
We identified the Md14–3-3 s family in apple comprehensively. Certain Md14–3-3 genes are expressed predominantly during the apple floral transition stage, and may participate in the regulation of flowering through association with flower control genes. Our results provide a preliminary framework for further investigation into the roles of Md14–3-3 s in floral transition.
The role of older patients’ goals in GP decision-making about medicines: a qualitative study
Authors: Weir Kristie Rebecca , Naganathan Vasi , Carter Stacy M. , Tam Chun Wah Michael , McCaffery Kirsten , Bonner Carissa , Rigby Debbie , McLachlan Andrew J. , Jansen Jesse 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
To optimise medication use in older people, it is recommended that clinicians evaluate evidence on potential benefits and harms of medicines in light of the patients’ overall health, values and goals. This suggests general practitioners (GPs) should attempt to facilitate patient involvement in decision-making. In practice this is often challenging. In this qualitative study, we explored GPs’ perspectives on the importance of discussing patients’ goals and preferences, and the role patient preferences play in medicines management and prioritisation.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with GPs from Australia (n = 32). Participants were purposively sampled to recruit GPs with variation in experience level and geographic location. Transcribed audio-recordings of interviews were coded using Framework Analysis.

Results
The results showed that most GPs recognised some value in understanding older patients’ goals and preferences regarding their medicines. Most reported some discussions of goals and preferences with patients, but often this was initiated by the patient. Practical barriers were reported such as limited time during busy consultations to discuss issues beyond acute problems. GPs differed on the following main themes: 1) definition and perception of patients’ goals, 2) relationship with the patient, 3) approach to medicines management and prioritisation. We observed that GPs preferred one of three different practice patterns in their approach to patients’ goals in medicines decisions: 1) goals and preferences considered lower priority – ‘Directive’; 2) goals seen as central – ‘Goal-oriented’; 3) goals and preferences considered but not explicitly elicited – ‘Tacit’.

Conclusions
This study explores how GPs differ in their approach to eliciting patients’ goals and preferences, and how these differences are operationalised in the context of older adults taking multiple medicines. Although there are challenges in providing care that aligns with patients’ goals and preferences, this study shows how complex decisions are made between GPs and their older patients in clinical practice. This work may inform future research that investigates how GPs can best incorporate the priorities of older people in decision-making around medicines. Developing practical support strategies may assist clinicians to involve patients in discussions about their medicines.
The developing family doctor system: evidence from the progress of the family doctor signing service from a longitudinal survey (2013–2016) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Liu Yan , Zhang Tao , Wang Luan , Huang Jiaoling , Liang Hong , Chen Gang , Liu Chengjun , Zhang Yimin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The family doctor system is a vital part of China’s national medical and health system reform. Evidence of the degree of implementation of the family doctor system is required to assist managers and policy makers in Pudong with resource allocation planning. This study analyzed changes in indicators (family doctor team construction, contracted medical services, health management services and so on) over time to evaluate the progress of the family doctor system in Pudong.

Methods
We used a cross-sectional design with an online questionnaire survey to collect 3-year (2013–2016) consecutive data. The online questionnaires were completed by the doctors responsible for information reporting in each community health service center of Pudong. The data were sorted, and the indices calculated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests.

Results
The proportion of registered general practitioners increased each year, from 50.8% in 2013 to 66.5% in 2016; this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000). The number of family doctors per 10,000 permanent residents rose each year, from 1.7 in 2013 to 2.1 in 2016. The rate of contracted household residents was 55.7% in 2013 and increased to 71.7% in 2016, with the difference being significant in different years (P = 0.012). Analysis of referral services showed the people times of contracted residents transferring to higher-level hospitals from family doctors increased each year, from 172,734 in 2013 to 341,615 in 2016; differences among different regions were statistically significant for 2013–2016. The rate of health screening for contracted residents also increased each year, with statistically significant differences in different years (P = 0.000). The rate of health assessment interventions for contracted residents rose each year, with statistically significant differences in different years (P = 0.003).

Conclusions
The family doctor signing service in Pudong made headway in general practitioner availability, contract service rate of household residents, and providing health management services. However, problems included family doctor shortages and limited supporting policies, especially in rural and suburban areas compared with urban divisions. Increasing the enrollment rate of family doctors and speeding up the implementation of “contract service fees” are key tasks for the sustainable development of the family doctor system in Pudong.
Conservative versus surgical management for patients with rotator cuff tears: a systematic review and META-analysis
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Risi Ambrogioni Laura , Candela Vincenzo , Berton Alessandra , Carnevale Arianna , Schena Emiliano , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to compare conservative versus surgical management for patients with full-thickness RC tear in terms of clinical and structural outcomes at 1 and 2 years of follow-up.MethodsA comprehensive search of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar and reference lists of retrieved articles was performed since the inception of each database until August 2020. According to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, two independent authors screened all suitable studies for the inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Only randomised controlled trials comparing conservative and surgical management of full-thickness RC tear in adults were included. The primary outcome measure was the effectiveness of each treatment in terms of Constant-Murley score (CMS) and VAS pain score at different time points. The secondary outcome was the integrity of the repaired tendon evaluated on postoperative MRI at different time points. The GRADE guidelines were used to assess the critical appraisal status and quality of evidence.ResultsA total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. The average value of CMS score at 12 months of follow-up was 79.2 ± 13.7 in the surgery group and 72.7 ± 17.2 in the conservative group. The average value of CMS score at 24 months of follow-up was 80 ± 15 in the surgery group and 77 ± 15 in the conservative group. Results showed statistically significant differences between the CMS measured at one year of follow-up in favour of surgical RC repair compared with patients treated conservatively (P= 0.003). No significant differences were demonstrated in terms of CMS at 24 months of follow-up (P= 0.15). The mean of VAS pain score at 12 months of follow-up was 1.4 ± 1.6 in the surgery group and 2.4 ± 1.9 in the conservative group. Quantitative synthesis showed better results in favour of the surgical group in terms of VAS pain score one year after surgery (− 1.08, 95% CI − 1.58 to − 0.58;P < 0.001).ConclusionsAt a 2-year follow-up, shoulder function evaluated in terms of CMS was not significantly improved. Further high-quality level-I randomised controlled trials at longer term follow-up are needed to evaluate whether surgical and conservative treatment provide comparable long-term results.
Defining the role of TT-TG and TT-PCL in the diagnosis of lateralization of the Tibial tubercle in recurrent patellar dislocation
Authors: Su Peng , Jian Nengri , Mao Beini , Zhang Zhong , Li Jian , Fu Weili 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The radiological indicators can help doctors determine whether to make tibial tubercle transfer. But which indicator is better is still in question.

Methods
117 knees in 103 patients who had undergone patellar surgery and 60 knees in 58 patients who had no history of patellar dislocation from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. Significant differences of tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) on CT and tibial tubercle–posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) on MRI between the case group and the control group were estimated by an unpaired t test. Significant differences between TT-TG on CT and TT-TG on MRI were estimated by a paired t test. The correlation between TT-PCL on MRI and tibial width was estimated by Pearson test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were measured to assess the diagnostic accuracy of TT-TG and TT-PCL on MRI.

Results
The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for TT-TG between CT and MRI evaluated by two raters was were 0.566. When comparing TT-TG on CT with that on MRI, the mean difference was 2.5 mm (p< 0.001). The mean TT-TG difference on CT between the case group and the control group was 5.3 mm, which was significantly bigger than the mean TT-PCL difference on MRI of 1.2 mm(p< 0.001). AUC of TT-TG on CT and TT-PCL were 0.838 and 0.580 (P< 0.001). TT-PCL correlated with tibial width (r=0.450, P< 0.001).

Conclusion
A statistically significance and a fair ICC proved that TT-TG could not be used interchangeably. The bigger mean difference between the case group and the control group and better AUC proved that TT-TG on CT might be an indicator more suitable for measuring the lateralization of the tibial tubercle. And TT-PCL should be considered as an individual parameter because of the significant correlation between TT-PCL and tibial width.