bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humanitarian innovation: The next step for greater impact
Authors: Wilde Jennifer , McClure Dan 
Published: July 2021

Since 2010, the aid sector has invested significant funds in innovation practice, implementing pilots and other practices borrowed from Silicon Valley. While this has supported some impact, the aid sector has now hit a plateau with innovation, struggling to scale what works, frustrated by ‘digital litter’ (unsustainable technology projects), trying to overcome the small innovation trap, and ‘pilotitis’ (fatigue from implementing small-scale projects that never scale up). Many innovation leaders in the social and development sectors are realising that the ‘lean’ innovation approaches commonly used do not work well for the complex challenges in their sector.
To create the change and impact that our work demands, organisations must be able to work with real and messy challenges, and create large-scale innovative solutions. The sector is beginning to use system innovation to move past simplifying challenges in lean experiments and hackathons. This paper discusses how system innovation can support humanitarians to take the next step to innovation effectiveness, to create real impact in communities.
Weight Changes According to Treatment in a Diverse Cohort of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Fukui Jami , White Kami , Frankland Timothy , Oshiro Caryn , Wilkens Lynne 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWeight changes are common among breast cancer patients. The majority of studies to date have focused on weight gain after a breast cancer diagnosis and its implications on health in survivors. Fewer studies have examined weight loss and its related characteristics. Weight changes have been reported to be influenced by several factors such as age, treatment, stage and pre-diagnostic weight. We evaluated weight changes during key treatment time points in early stage breast cancer patients.MethodsWe characterized 389 female patients diagnosed in Hawaii with early stage breast cancer from 2003-2017 in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) linked with Kaiser Permanente Hawaii electronic medical record data. We evaluated weight changes from surgery to 4 years post-diagnosis with six time points along a patient’s treatment trajectory (chemotherapy, radiation, endocrine, or surgery alone) and annually thereafter, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity and initial body mass index (BMI).ResultsWe found key time points of significant weight change for breast cancer patients according to their adjuvant treatment. In patients who had surgery alone (S), surgery-radiation (SR), or surgery-endocrine therapy (SE), the majority of patients had stable weight, although this consistently decreased over time. However, the percentages of patients with weight loss and weight gain during this time steadily increased up to 4 years after initial surgery. Weight loss was more common than weight gain by about 2 fold in these treatment groups. For patients with surgery-chemotherapy (SC), there was significant weight loss seen within the first 3 months after surgery, during the time when patients receive chemotherapy. And this weight loss persisted until year 4. Weight gain was less commonly seen in this treatment group.ConclusionsWe identified key time points during breast cancer treatment that may provide a therapeutic window to positively influence outcomes. Tailored weight management interventions should be utilized to promote overall health and long term survivorship.
Characterisation of multi-metal resistant Serratia sp. GP01 for treatment of effluent from fertilizer industries
Authors: Sahoo Hrudananda , Kumari Sushama , Jyethi Darpa Saurav , Naik Umesh Chandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effluent generated from fertilizer plants in Paradeep in the coast of the Bay of Bengal is the major pollutant causing health hazard in the vicinity of the area with respect to plants, animals and microbes. Samples of effluent were found to contain heavy metals (mg L-1): Cr (100), Ni (36.975), Mn (68.673), Pb (20.133), Cu (74.44), Zn (176.716), Hg (5.358) and As (24.287) as analyzed by XRF. Indigenous bacterial strains were screened for chromate and multi-metal resistance to remediate the toxic pollutants. The isolated strain G1 was identified as Serratia sp. through 16S-rDNA sequence homology. Potent strain Serratia sp. GP01 treated with 100 mg L-1 of K2Cr2O7 has shown the efficacy of reducing 69.05 mg L-1 of Cr over 48 h of incubation. Further, presence of chromate reductase gene (ChR) in Serratia sp. confirmed the enzymatic reduction of Cr (VI). SEM-EDX and SEM mapping analysis revealed substantial biosorption of Cr and other heavy metals present in effluent by Serratia sp. GP01. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (72.15 U mL-1), SOD (57.14 U mL-1) and peroxidase (62.49 U mL-1) were found to be higher as compared to the control condition. FTIR study also revealed the role of N-H, O-H, C = C, C-H, C-O, C-N, and C = O functional groups of the cell surface of Serratia sp. treated with K2Cr2O7 and effluent from the fertilizer industry. Isolated strain Serratia sp. could be used for the detoxification of Cr (VI) and other heavy metals in fertilizer plant effluent.
Identification of a candidate gene for bruchid resistance by combining fine mapping and transcriptome profiling in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Chen Honglin , Hu Liangliang , Wang Lixia , Wang Suhua , Cheng Xuzhen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bruchids or seed weevils are serious storage insect pests of mung bean and other pulses. Though bruchid-resistant mung bean germplasm accessions are screened out, the molecular mechanisms of bruchid resistance in mung bean are still unclear. In this study, a segregating population with 182 RILs plants was developed; delimit the controlling gene to a 111-kb physical interval, in which 11 genes were predicted. Vr04g00919 encoding the function of a polygalacturonase inhibitor, was the most likely candidate genes. Here, sequence analysis of the candidate gene coding regions revealed that it has six SNPs between the parental lines and three SNPs resulted in amino acid changes. Sequence alignment revealed that one of these three SNPs are located in a conserved leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain, which is essential for the function of the protein. Subcellular localization of the VrPGIP2-GFP fusion protein indicated that the candidate gene PGIP2 is located in the nucleus and cytosol. RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that many defense responses, cell wall synthesis, biotic and abiotic stresses, and hormone synthesis were greatly activated in the bruchid resistance plants. These findings contribute to the molecular marker assisted selection of bruchid resistance cultivars.
The gene repertoire of the main cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, cruzipain, reveals four sub-types with distinct active sites
Authors: Santos Viviane Corrêa , Oliveira Antonio Edson Rocha , Campos Augusto César Broilo , Reis-Cunha João Luís , Bartholomeu Daniella Castanheira , Teixeira Santuza Maria Ribeiro , Lima Ana Paula C. A. , Ferreira Rafaela Salgado 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cruzipains are the main papain-like cysteine proteases of Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. Encoded by a multigenic family, previous studies have estimated the presence of dozens of copies spread over multiple chromosomes in different parasite strains. Here, we describe the complete gene repertoire of cruzipain in three parasite strains, their genomic organization, and expression pattern throughout the parasite life cycle. Furthermore, we have analyzed primary sequence variations among distinct family members as well as structural differences between the main groups of cruzipains. Based on phylogenetic inferences and residue positions crucial for enzyme function and specificity, we propose the classification of cruzipains into two families (I and II), whose genes are distributed in two or three separate clusters in the parasite genome, according with the strain. Family I comprises nearly identical copies to the previously characterized cruzipain 1/cruzain, whereas Family II encompasses three structurally distinct sub-types, named cruzipain 2, cruzipain 3, and cruzipain 4. RNA-seq data derived from the CL Brener strain indicates that Family I genes are mainly expressed by epimastigotes, whereas trypomastigotes mainly express Family II genes. Significant differences in the active sites among the enzyme sub-types were also identified, which may play a role in their substrate selectivity and impact their inhibition by small molecules.
Quercetin Inhibits Rat Epidural Fibrosis by Regulating the Biological Behavior of Fibroblasts
Authors: Cao Yile , Chen Hui , Fan Zhehao , Sun Yu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study attempted to investigate the effects of quercetin on postoperative fibrosis in the epidural as well as any potentially relevant signaling pathways.Methods: The effect of quercetin on reducing epidural fibrosis was confirmed via histological staining and immunohistochemical analysis in vivo. Accordingly, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and Eedu staining, TUNEL staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the effects of quercetin on the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts and explore the possible signal transduction pathway.Results: HE staining and Masson staining showed that quercetin could reduce the number of fibroblasts and collagen content. Moreover, LC3 immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that quercetin could induce autophagy, while CCK-8 showed that quercetin inhibited fibroblast viability in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The results of Edu staining, TUNEL staining and Western blot illustrated that quercetin could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of fibroblasts. Additionally, immunofluorescence showed that quercetin could inhibit the migration of fibroblasts and reduce collagen content. LC3 immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that quercetin could induce autophagy. Furthermore, following intervention with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, quercetin was suggested to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts via autophagy, possibly through the PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathway.Conclusion: Quercetin can regulate fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis, migration and other biological behaviors through autophagy, thereby preventing epidural fibrosis. The specific corresponding pathway may be the PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathway.
Catastrophic Health Expenditures and its Inequality in Rural Poor Households in China
Authors: Wang Yihuan , Zhang Chu , Guo Mengdi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background：Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is an important indicator to measure health equity. Reducing risk of CHE and breaking vicious cycle between poverty and poor health are original intentions of medical security system design in various countries. This paper fulfills a research gap on CHE and its inequality in Chinese rural poor households.Methods：Based on 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Data (CHARLS), Logit and Tobit regression models were used to analyze CHE incidence and intensity among rural poor households, and its socioeconomic inequality.Results：The results showed that CHE incidence of rural poor households was 28.20%, and the average intensity was 0.076. For rural poor households, CHE incidence and intensity were higher than those in non-poor households at each given threshold from 20% to 60%. Socioeconomic factors including household size, chronic disease status, disability status, health service utilization, whether to have older adults ≥ 65 significantly associated with household CHE. Conclusions：Although China's social health insurance has almost achieved universal coverage, CHE incidence of rural poor households still remains high. A more refined health insurance policy with expanding current benefits packages, increasing reimbursement level is essential for protecting rural poor households from incurring CHE. Policy makers should also establish a new medical assistance system based on healthcare expenditure, which can effectively relieve medical economy burden of rural impoverished households.
Older Age and High Α-fetoprotein Predict Higher Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Nucleos(T)ide Analogue Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Ching-Chih , Weng Cheng-Hao , Lin Chih-Lang , Chang Pei-Hung , Hua Man-Chin , Chien Rong-Nan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) were proved to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, but data was limited on the efficacy in the CHB patients with cirrhosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 447 patients with CHB-related cirrhosis, who initiated tenofovir/entecavir therapy during April 2007 and August 2013. They were divided into HCC (n=48) and non-HCC (n=399) groups. The mean follow-up period was 63.2 ± 34.2 months.Results: Forty-eight patients (10.7%) developed HCC during surveillance. The annual incidence rate of HCC was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.52–2.68) per 100 person-year. The cumulative incidence of HCC was 0.9%, 9.8% and 22.1% at the 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Significant predictors for HCC identified using multiple Cox regression analysis were age ≥50 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–5.1) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥8 ng/ml (HR: 2.05, 95% CI = 1.1–3.84). The incidence rate of HCC was further analyzed in subgroups according to the risk factors identified by multivariate cox regression. The incidence rate of HCC was 8.67-fold higher in patients with age ≥50 years and AFP ≥8 ng/ml (3.14 per 100 person-year, 95% CI = 1.99–4.72) than those with age <50 years and AFP <8 ng/ml (0.36 per 100 person-year, 95% CI = 0.06–1.19).Conclusion: The cirrhotic CHB patients with age <50 years and AFP <8 ng/ml have the lowest annual incidence of HCC. However, the cirrhotic patients with age ≥50 years or/and AFP ≥8 ng/ml have significantly higher risk for HCC and warrant careful surveillance schedule for HCC development.
A Successful Venous Thromboprophylaxis in a Patient with Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): a case report of the first reported case in Thailand
Authors: Khuhapinant Archrob , Rungjirajittranon Tarinee , Suwanawiboon Bundarika , Chinthammitr Yingyong , Ruchutrakool Theera 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but fatal complication of Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccine. Many reports of VITT have mostly been in the Caucasian population. Here, we present first reported case from an oriental population.Case presentationA 26-year-old female who had severe headache and severe thrombocytopenia 8 days after administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine developed by AstraZeneca. Although no thrombosis was demonstrated by imaging studies, she had very highly elevated d-dimer level during hospitalization. Serology for antibody against platelet factor 4 was positive on several days with very high optical density readings. Furthermore, we found the antibody could induce spontaneous platelet aggregation without the presence of heparin. We decided to treat her with intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose dexamethasone, and a prophylactic dose of apixaban. She improved rapidly and was discharged from the hospital 6 days after admission. Neither thrombocytopenia nor thrombosis was subsequently detected at three weeks follow-up.ConclusionsDespite lower rate of thrombosis, VITT can present in Asian population. Early detection and prompt treatment of VITT can improve patients’ clinical outcome. Thromboprophylaxis of non-heparin anticoagulants also results in prevention of clot formation.
Research on Surface Roughness of Supersonic Vibration Auxiliary Side Milling for Titanium Alloy
Authors: Wei XueTao , yue caixue , Hu DeSheng , Liu XianLi , Ding YunPeng , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The processed surface contour shape is extracted with the finite element simulation software, and the difference value of contour shape change is used as the parameters of balancing surface roughness to construct the infinitesimal element cutting finite element model of supersonic vibration milling in cutting stability domain. The surface roughness trial scheme is designed in the central composite test design method to analyze the surface roughness test result in the response surface methodology. The surface roughness prediction model is established and optimized. Finally, the finite element simulation model and surface roughness prediction model are verified and analyzed through experiment. The research results show that, compared with the experiment results, the maximum error of finite element simulation model and surface roughness prediction model is 30.9% and12.3%, respectively. So, the model in this paper is accurate and will provide the theoretical basis for optimization study of auxiliary milling process of supersonic vibration.
Rapid and Automatic Detection of Micronuclei in Binucleated lymphocytes Image
Authors: Shen Xiang , Chen Ying , Li Chaowen , Yang Fucheng , Wen Zhanbo , Zheng Jinlin , Zhou Zhenggan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In terms of radiation biological dose estimation, the cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is the internationally recognized dose estimation method. Due to the subjectivity and the time-consuming of manual detection, it cannot meet the needs of rapid standard assay of CBMN. Therefore, in this research work, we combined the convolutional neural network to design a software that can be used for rapid standard automatic detection of micronuclei in Giemsa stained binucleated lymphocytes image. The software analysis workflow is divided into four stages: cell acquisition, adhesive cell masses segmentation, cell type identification, micronucleus counting. After verification, our algorithm can quickly and effectively detect binucleated cells and micronucleus even when the cytoplasm is blurred, multiple micronucleus are attached to each other, or micronucleus is attached to the nucleus. In the test of a large number of random images, the software reached 99.4% of the manual detection in terms of the detection rate of binucleated cell, and the false positive rate of binucleated cell was 14.7%. In terms of micronucleus detection rate, the software reached 115.1% of manual detection, and its false positive rate was 26.2%. The analysis time of each picture is about 0.3s, an order of magnitude faster than conventional method.
Evaluation of Different Machine Learning Models and Novel Deep Learning-based Algorithm for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Zhang Tingyu , Wang Huanyuan , Chen Tianqing , Sun Zenghui , Wang Tao , Luo Dan , Li Chao , Li Yanan , Han Ling 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The losses and damage caused by landslides are countless in the world every year. However, the existing approaches of landslide susceptibility mapping cannot fully meet the requirement of landslide prevention, and further excavation and innovation are also needed. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to develop a novel deep learning model namely landslide net (LSNet) to assess the landslide susceptibility in Hanyin County, China, meanwhile, support vector machine model (SVM) and kernel logistic regression model (KLR) were employed as reference model. The inventory map was generated based on 259 landslides, the training dataset and validation dataset were respectively prepared using 70% landslides and the remaining 30% landslides. The variance inflation factor (VIF) was applied to optimize each landslide predisposing factor. Three benchmark indices were used to evaluate the result of susceptibility mapping and area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was used to compare the models. Result demonstrated that although the processing speed of LSNet model is the slowest, it still significantly outperformed its corresponding benchmark models with validation dataset, and has the highest accuracy (0.950), precision (0.951), F1 (0.951) and AUROC (0.941), which reflected excellent predictive ability in some degree. The achievements obtained in this study can improve the rapid response capability of landslide prevention for Hanyin County.
Impact of COVID-19 on Head and Neck Cancer Advancement Measured by the Increasing Numbers of Acute Dyspnea Cases. What Can be Improved for the Future?
Authors: Rosiak Oskar , Pietruszewska Wioletta , Burduk Paweł , Podlawska Paulina , Zakrzewski Bartosz , Barańska Magda , Kowalczyk Magdalena , Piątkowski Jakub , Solarz Paweł , Staszak Marta , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Mikaszewski Bogusław 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered all aspects of how the healthcare system is organized, and impacted patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), who delayed diagnosis and treatment. The result was the increased admission of patients with severe dyspnea and a need for tracheotomy due to extremely advanced HNC. The aim of this study wasevaluate the characteristics of two multi-center cohorts of HNC patients admitted for dyspnea.Methods..The therapeutic activity of four University Departments of Otolaryngology was studied over two time periods: September-February 2019/2020 and 2020/2021.Results. A group of 136 HNC patients who underwent tracheotomy in two time cohorts, pre-COVID-19 (N=59) and COVID-19 (N=77), were analyzed. The mean tracheotomy incidence proportion was 1.82% (SD: 1.12) for the pre-COVID-19 and 3.79% (SD: 2.76) for the COVID-19 period. A rise in emergency dyspnea was observed in the COVID-19 cohort. In the pre-COVID-19 period, 66% of patients presented with symptoms for more than a month in comparison to 78% of patients in COVID-19 times (p=0.04). The number of tracheotomies performed under general anesthesia dropped in favor of local anesthesia during COVID-19 (64% vs. 56% respectively) due to extremely advanced HNC. In the COVID-19 cohort, most patients received a telemedicine consultation (N=55, 71%) compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (N=14, 24%).Conclusions. There should be a reorganization of the referral system, an adjustment of treatment capacity for an increased number of HNC patients, and a reserve for more extensive resection and reconstruction surgeries in ENT departmentsto not hamper future HNC treatment if there is another pandemic wave.
Explainable multi-view framework for dissecting intercellular signaling from highly multiplexed spatial data
Authors: Tanevski Jovan , Gabor Attila , Flores Ricardo Ramirez , Schapiro Denis , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The advancement of technologies to measure highly multiplexed spatial data requires the development of scalable methods that can leverage the spatial information. We present MISTy, a flexible, scalable and explainable machine learning framework for extracting interactions from any spatial omics data. MISTy builds multiple views focusing on different spatial or functional contexts to dissect different effects, such as those from direct neighbours versus those from distant cells. MISTy can be applied to different spatially resolved omics data with dozens to thousands of markers, without the need to perform cell-type annotation. We evaluate the performance of MISTy on an in silico dataset and demonstrate its applicability on three breast cancer datasets, two measured by imaging mass cytometry and one by Visium spatial transcriptomics. We show how we can estimate interactions coming from different spatial contexts that we can relate to tumor progression and clinical features. Our analysis also reveals that the estimated interactions in triple negative breast cancer are associated with clinical outcomes which could improve patient stratification. Finally, we demonstrate the flexibility of MISTy to integrate different kinds of views by modeling activities of pathways estimated from gene expression in a spatial context to analyse intercellular signaling.