bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B-Vitamine in der Geriatrie – was bestimmen, was ersetzen?
Authors: Djukic Marija , von Arnim Christine A.F. 
Published: January 2021

Was ist neu?
Klinische Manifestation eines B-Vitamin-Mangels Ein Vitamin-B1-Mangel kann sich als Wernicke-Enzephalopathie oder als Beriberi manifestieren. Geriatrische Patienten mit den Diagnosen
Demenz oder Delir haben niedrigere Vitamin-B1-Spiegel als solche ohne diese Diagnosen. Ebenso zeigen sich bei geriatrischen Patienten mit höherem Vitamin-B1-Spiegel bessere Ergebnisse in der Funktionalität (Barthel-Index) bei Entlassung. Vitamin B6 ist an über 100 Reaktionen als Koenzym beteiligt und ein Mangel kann daher mit vielen Symptomen einhergehen. Klinische Manifestationen des Vitamin-B12-Mangels reichen von frühen neuropsychiatrischen bis zu hämatologischen Symptomen, wobei die makrozytäre Anämie als später Indikator eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels gilt. Neurologische Symptome treten sehr häufig schon vor oder ohne hämatologische Manifestationen auf.
Diagnostik von B-Vitamin-Mangelzuständen Die Bestimmung des Vitamin-B1-Spiegels im Blut ist wenig aussagekräftig. Die Wernicke-Enzephalopathie ist eine klinische Diagnose. Zur Diagnose eines Vitamin-B6-Mangels wird die Bestimmung von Pyridoxin (Pyridoxal-5′-Phosphat) im Plasma empfohlen. Ein erniedrigter Holo-TC-Spiegel im Serum gilt als frühester Marker eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels. Eine kombinierte Bestimmung von Vitamin B12, Holo-TC, MMA und Homozystein scheint die diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit bei Vitamin-B12-Mangel zu erhöhen.
Therapie Für Empfehlungen zur Substitutionstherapie bei allen B-Vitaminen liegen kaum bzw. keine evidenzbasierten Daten vor. Durch die Substitution von 0,8 mg Folsäure, 0,5 mg Vitamin B12 und 20 mg Vitamin B6 konnte in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie bei Patienten mit einer leichten kognitiven Störung eine Verlangsamung der Hirnatrophie bewirkt werden.
Therapeutische Plasmapherese in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Goldschmied Andreas , Riessen Reimer 
Published: January 2021

Was ist neu?
Sepsis und Multiorganversagen Die Rolle der therapeutischen Plasmapherese (TP) in der Therapie der Sepsis mit Multiorganversagen ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt (Kategorie III der American Society for Apheresis, ASFA). Zwar zeigen die verfügbaren randomisiert kontrollierten Studien (RCT) keinen eindeutigen Überlebensvorteil, prospektive Daten von 2018 belegen jedoch ein gutes Sicherheitsprofil und eine günstige Beeinflussung von Surrogatparametern auch bei hoch Katecholamin-pflichtigen Patienten im septischen Schock.
Akutes Leberversagen Eine multizentrische RCT von 2016 konnte einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil durch die Durchführung von „High Volume“-TP bei Patienten im akuten Leberversagen zeigen. Dies galt allerdings nur in der Subgruppe der nicht transplantierten Patienten.
Katastrophales Antiphospholipid-Antikörper-Syndrom (CAPS) Retrospektive Datenauswertungen von 2016 zeigten einen deutlichen Überlebensvorteil einer 3-Fachtherapie, welche die TP beinhaltet. Dies veranlasste die ASFA in ihren neuen, 2019 erschienenen Leitlinien das CAPS erstmals in die ASFA-Kategorie I einzustufen.
Thyreotoxische Krise Retrospektive Analysen von 2018 ergaben eine effektive Elimination von Schilddrüsenhormonen durch die TP. Aufgrund dessen erkennt die ASFA in ihren neuen Leitlinien die TP als Zweitlinientherapie der thyreotoxischen Krise an.
Psychological Morbidity among People in Quarantine
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Mehra Aseem , Jha Shweta , Sharma Rajni , Saini Lokesh , Sahoo Swapnajeet , Laxmi P. V. M. , Bhalla Ashish , Grover Sandeep 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to evaluate psychological distress of persons in quarantine and compare the same with a group of persons, who are currently in lockdown.

Methodology Forty-four persons in quarantine and 45 subjects currently in lockdown were evaluated on Depression Anxiety Stress Scale II.

Results About three-fourth (77.3%) of the participants in the quarantine group and one-third (37.8%) in the comparator group had depression. About one fourth (22.7%) in the quarantine group and one-third (35.6%) in the lockdown group had anxiety.

Conclusion The present study suggests that lockdown and being in quarantine are associated with significantly higher psychiatric morbidity, especially anxiety.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy: A Rare Association
Authors: Radhakrishnan Divya M. , Shree Ritu , Madhaw Govind , Manchanda Rajat , Mahadevan Anita , Kumar Niraj 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The association of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, also known as “SMA plus,” is a unique syndrome linked to non-survival motor neuron (non-SMN) genes. The disease starts in childhood with progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles; myoclonic epilepsy develops during later childhood, after the onset of motor symptoms. In this report, we describe a case of SMN gene unrelated SMA and myoclonic epilepsy, supported by electrophysiological and neuropathological evidences.
Mothers’ Knowledge of Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Indian Perspective
Authors: Philip Maria , Ramu Rajalakshmi , Prasannan Rakhi V. , Thomas Merin , James Ninitha , V. Kathyayani B. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives This study aims to assess the knowledge of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (CNDDs) among mothers of children younger than 5 years and to promote awareness through health education to promote early identification.

Methods Quantitative approach, a descriptive survey in nature research design, was used. A total of 173 mothers who contented the inclusion conditions were chosen as sample on the basis of purposive sampling. The research study was done at the selected Primary Health Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka. The tabulations were measured and construed based on the objectives of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results The findings showed that most of the mothers have insufficient knowledge (mean and standard deviation: 3.02 ± 2.75) and there is no substantial relationship found between mothers’ knowledge on CNDD and their demographic variables except their occupation and majority of the mothers communicated that they needed further facts toward CNDD.

Conclusion The government and nongovernmental organizations can take initiations to conduct health education programs toward childhood developmental delays and disorders for the general public including mothers and community health workers.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Closed Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Infection Prevention after Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pagani Nicholas R. , Moverman Michael A. , Puzzitiello Richard N. , Menendez Mariano E. , Kavolus Joseph J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent investigations have shown that closed incisional negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) decreases the rate of postoperative wound complications following revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we used a break-even analysis to determine whether ciNPWT is a cost-effective measure for reducing prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after revision TKA. The cost of ciNPWT, cost of treatment for PJI, and baseline infection rates following revision TKA were collected from institutional data and the literature. The absolute risk reduction (ARR) in infection rate necessary for cost-effectiveness was calculated using break-even analysis. Using our institutional cost of ciNPWT ($600), this intervention would be cost-effective if the initial infection rate of revision TKA (9.0%) has an ARR of 0.92%. The ARR needed for cost-effectiveness remained constant across a wide range of initial infection rates and declined as treatment costs increased. The use of ciNPWT for infection prevention following revision TKA is cost-effective at both high and low initial infection rates, across a broad range of treatment costs, and at inflated product expenses.
Measurement of thermal expansions of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foams at cryogenic temperatures with an extensometer technique
Authors: Dong Hongyu , Zhang Hengcheng , Huang Rongjin , Wu Zhixiong , Huang Chuanjun , Li Laifeng 
Published: January 2021

The database of thermal expansion behavior of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foam at very low temperatures is required for designing and manufacturing thermal insulation components of various cryogenic systems. In the present work, thermal expansion behaviors of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foams with different densities were investigated in the 20 K–270 K temperature range by means of a high-resolution extensometer technique, which has been verified through comparison with standard values of an AISI 304 stainless steel rod. The comparison result demonstrates that the maximum deviation from the standard coefficient of thermal expansion of the AISI 304 in cryogenic temperatures is less than 6.6%. Testing results indicate that the cryogenic thermal expansions of closed-cell polyurethane rigid foams depend reversely on density. Moreover, the thermal expansion behavior of closed-celled polyurethane rigid foams exhibits difference from that of bulky amorphous isotropic polymers, which have been attributed to several factors such as enclosed air and cellular structure.
Magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of Ln0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (Ln = Pr, Bi) manganite
Authors: Anuradha K. N. , Bhat S. V. 
Published: January 2021

In this paper we compare the magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties of Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (PCMO) and Bi0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (BCMO) charge ordered manganites. PCMO and BCMO samples were prepared by solid state reaction method. A commercial SQUID magnetometer was used to study the dc-magnetization in the temperature range of 10-300 K. The EPR experiments were carried out using a commercial X-band (frequency ∼ 9.4 GHz) spectrometer in the temperature range 4 K – 300 K. Marked differences are found when the magnetic and EPR properties of rare earth (PCMO) and bismuth based manganites (BCMO) are compared. The temperature dependent resonance fields of PCMO and BCMO samples are seen to be opposite to each other. PCMO shows the resonance field behavior similar to other charge ordered manganites, i.e., decreases with the decrease in temperature whereas the resonance field of BCMO increases with a decrease in temperature. The opposite behavior of resonance field could be due to the different magnetic structures present in the BCMO manganite.
Análisis del humor en un corpus de habla infantil espontánea
Authors: Garrote Marta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractaEste trabajo analiza la capacidad humorística de niños de 3;0 a 6;0 años durante sus interacciones con adultos y entre iguales, recogidas en un corpus de habla infantil espontánea del español. El marco metodológico está en la línea del propuesto porTimofeeva-Timofeev (2017), basado en las seis etapas sugeridas porMcGhee (1979), y recurre, para analizar los datos, a las teorías sobre el origen del humor (Meyer 2000) y los tipos de incongruencia preferidos por los niños (Klein 2003). Los resultados muestran un incremento tanto de situaciones verbales humorísticas como de la complejidad pragmática de las mismas desde los 3;0 a los 6;0 años, especialmente a partir de los 5;0 años, momento en el cual se empieza a apreciar en los mensajes de los niños una competencia metapragmática superior (Gombert 1992).
Multicompetencia lingüística y cambio de código en el humor infantil
Authors: Pastor Cesteros Susana 
Published: January 2021

Abstracta
Los fenómenos de multilingüismo y multicompetencia lingüística han sido abordados desde muy diferentes
perspectivas (Martin-Jones, Blackledge y Creese 2012; Cook y Wei 2016). El objetivo de este artículo, sin embargo, es ponerlos en relación con los procesos de
cambio de código y con la percepción de la diversidad lingüística para estudiar su presencia y efecto en un corpus de 184
narraciones escritas humorísticas de niños de 8 a 12 años, obtenido en el marco del proyecto I+D La formación de la
conciencia figurativa en la etapa de formación primaria: el humor y la fraseología (FFI2016-76047-P). El análisis
cuantitativo y cualitativo del corpus ha permitido ver en las conclusiones hasta qué punto el conocimiento implícito y explícito
de varias lenguas a esas edades incide en el cambio de código y en las referencias a otras lenguas y si ello aparece o no de un
modo intencionado para provocar un efecto cómico (Timofeeva-Timofeev 2017).
Vortex generation from a fiber laser by a polarization rotation technique
Authors: Wang Sha , Zhang Zhicheng , Wu Yajie , Hu Xingwen , Yang Huomu , Zhou Shouhuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Vortex beams have wide applications in optical tweezers, optical communications and so on. Long period fiber gratings, mode selective couplers, few mode fiber Bragg gratings or specially designed fibers are often used to generate vortex beams from fiber lasers. New methods of mode selection in fiber lasers are always attractive. When transverse modes propagate along a multimode fiber, the polarization state of each mode rotates differently due to birefringence. In this paper, a linear cavity fiber laser and a ring cavity fiber laser using a polarization rotation technique are proposed to select the output laser mode. Three waveplates and a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) are used as a mode loss controller inside the laser cavity. By rotating the waveplates inside the cavity, different laser modes can be selected and achieved from the laser cavity by the PBS. Experimentally, the fundamental LP01 mode, the LP11 mode, the LP21 mode and vortex beams with ±1 topological charges were achieved.
Chemical and phase composition of the novel superelastic Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with a high Zr content
Authors: Barilyuk D V , Bazlov A I , Prokoshkin S D , Konopatsky A S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The novel superelastic Ti-44Zr-10Nb (at.%) alloy was obtained by the vacuum arc remelting method and subjected to homogenization (950 °C, 60 min) and thermomechanical treatment (TMT), which consisted of cold rolling (CR) with a 25% thickness reduction rate and consequent post-deformation annealing (PDA) at 550 °C for 30 min. The analysis of the chemical composition was conducted by the EDS method. It was demonstrated that the obtained chemical composition of the alloy was in good correspondence with the nominal chemical composition. The phase composition of the alloy after TMT was investigated by the XRD technique. The lattice parameters of β and α” phases were measured using XRD data to calculate the crystallographic recovery strain limit. The maximum transformation strain of 7.3% was obtained in the [011]β direction.
Quantitative analysis of {100}Al plate/lath- and <100>Al rod-shaped precipitates in an aged Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy using TEM
Authors: Gazizov M R , Holmestad R , Marioara C D , Kaibyshev R O 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Precipitate parameters, such as length, diameter and thickness of rationally oriented {100}Al plate/lath-shaped and <100>Al rod-shaped precipitates in an age-hardenable Al-Cu-Mg-Si alloy have been examined quantitatively. An appropriate procedure of the plate- and rod-shaped precipitate separation was suggested to determine the precipitate parameters as well as their distribution histograms using bright-(BF) and dark-field (DF) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images taken in the <100>Al and <110>Al zone axes (ZA).
Correlation of the tribological properties of LIPSS on TiN surface with 3D parameters of roughness
Authors: Gazizova M Yu , Smirnov N A , Kudryashov S I , Chen J , Ahmadeev Yu H , Goncharov I Yu , Shugurov V V , Prokopenko N A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The relationships between friction coefficients and 3D spatial roughness parameters, such as Sci (surface core fluid retention index), Svi (surface valley fluid retention index) and Sbi (surface bearing index), have been investigated for the laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the TiN coatings. Two types of the surface structures (cross-like and parallel ones) with different roughness levels were obtained using a fs-laser. It has been shown that the proposed roughness parameters correlate with the friction coefficients measured for the LIPSSs.
Grain structure evolution during friction-stir welding of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy
Authors: Kalinenko A , Vysotskiy I , Malopheyev S , Mironov S , Kaibyshev R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to examine the evolution of the grain structure during friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 6061-T6. In the entire FSW range studied, the microstructure evolution was found to be governed by continuous recrystallization. An increase in the welding temperature resulted only in microstructural coarsening.
Mechanical behavior of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with vacuum-plasma protective coating V+(Ti-V)N at elevated temperatures
Authors: Modina Iu M , Valiev R R , Dyblenko Yu M , Smyslova M K , Semenova I P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to improving the performance properties of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V due to hardening by forming an ultrafine-grained structure (UFG) using severe plastic deformation (SPD) by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and then applying a protective coating V+(Ti-V)N on its surface by vacuum-plasma deposition. The effect of the coating on the increase in the strength characteristics of the UFG material is demonstrated in comparison with the CG and UFG state without coating.
Effect of deformation techniques on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a copper alloy
Authors: Morozova A , Pilipenko A , Tkachev M , Lugovskaya A , Belyakov A , Kaibyshev R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The microstructure and mechanical properties of a Cu-0.25%Mg alloy subjected to either equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) or combined cold working, including ECAP followed by rolling and then drawing at room temperature, were investigated. ECAP led to the formation of strain-induced boundaries and the development of ultrafine equiaxed grains with an average size of about 0.6 μm after 4 passes. The microstructure after the combined cold working included fibrous grains elongated in the rolling/drawing direction with a sharp texture containing <001> and <111> fibers. The transversal grain size after combined cold working to a total strain of 5.7 achieved 0.43 μm. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength after ECAP to a total strain of 9.6 were 570 and 600 MPa; whereas those after combined cold working to a total strain of 8.7 were 745 and 780 MPa, respectively. The reason of the difference in mechanical properties was discussed.
Precipitation-hardened refractoryTi-Nb-Hf-Al-Ta high-entropy alloys
Authors: Panina E , Yurchenko N , Zherebtsov S , Salishchev G , Stepanov N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study reports the structure and mechanical properties of new refractory Ti37.5Nb12.5Hf25Al25, Ti40Nb30Hf15Al15, and Ti40Nb20Ta10Hf15Al15 (at.%) high entropy alloys. After annealing at 1200 °C for 24 h, the program alloys had a single-phase B2 structure. Further annealing at 600 °C for 24 h resulted in the formation of Widmanstatten orthorhombic particles (O-phase) in the bcc matrix. The Ti40Nb30Hf15Al15 and Ti40Nb20Ta10Hf15Al15 alloys annealed at T = 1200 °C showed moderate strength and good ductility (>50%) at 22 and 600 °C; while the Ti37.5Nb12.5Hf25Al25 alloy was stronger, but less ductile at both temperatures. Subsequent annealing at T = 600 °C significantly increased the strength of the Ti40Nb30Hf15Al15 alloy at 22 and 600 °C, maintaining compressive sufficient ductility at room-temperature.
Effect of carbon content on cryogenic mechanical properties of CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy
Authors: Semenyuk A , Klimova M , Shaysultanov D , Chernichenko R , Zherebtsov S , Stepanov N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effect of the carbon content (0-2 at.%) on the structure and mechanical properties at room and cryogenic temperatures of CoCrFeNiMn-based high entropy alloys with reduced Cr concentration was studied. The as-cast alloys were cold rolled to a thickness reduction of 80% and annealed at 800°C for 1 hour. As a result, a fully recrystallized microstructure with a grain size of 6.4 μm was produced in the carbon-free alloy. The recrystallized grain size was much smaller (1.5 μm in the alloy with 2.0 at.% of C) due to the pinning effect of the precipitated M23C6 carbides. The yield strength of the alloys increased with an increase in the carbon concentration from 313 MPa to 636 MPa, while the elongation to fracture slightly decreased from 56% to 43%, respectively, in the alloys with 0 and 2 at.% of C. A decrease in the test temperature to 77K resulted in a significant increase in both the strength and ductility of the alloys. The alloys had high values of impact toughness of 140 J/cm2 and 85 J/cm2, respectively, in the alloys with 0 and 2 at.% of C. A decrease in the testing temperature did not have a noticeable effect on the impact toughness.
Synthesis and electric transportation properties of high-entropy oxides based on cerium oxide
Authors: Yapryntsev M N , Sudzhanskaya I V , Lyubushkin R A , Yapryntseva E N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
CeGdRLaPrO2-δ (where R: La, Y and Dy) rare-earth high-entropy oxides (HEOx) with the Ia-3 (206) structure were obtained. The structural, microstructural and transport properties of the compounds were studied. All samples exhibiting good homogeneity and electrical conductivity typical of materials for the manufacture of solid electrolytes.
Understanding the Role of Graphene on the Moisture Absorption in Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Almudaihesh F , Alfaris H , Sangha P , Pullin R , Eaton M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on understanding the effect of graphene, when introduced in epoxy systems, on the overall moisture absorption capacity and behaviour of epoxy resin composites subjected to hydrothermal conditions. Pristine epoxy resin and epoxy resin incorporating functionalised and unfunctionalised graphene reinforcement were manufactured and exposed to 90°C purified water for 30 days. The flexural and tensile properties were observed for both unaged and aged specimens. A lower moisture absorption capacity was observed for graphene enhanced specimens as opposed to pristine epoxy resin, which suggests the potential of graphene as a barrier to moisture ingress. Despite the lower mass gain observed, the performance of the nano-filled resins exhibits a larger reduction in properties following water absorption.
New Aircraft Anti/de-Icing Technologies
Authors: Vertuccio Luigi , Foglia Fabiana , Pantani Roberto , Guadagno Liberata 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The ice formation on the leading edge of aircraft wings is a crucial problem for aircraft flight. In this work, an efficient method for the anti/de-icing function based on the development of electro-conductive film heaters is prosed. A green solvent casting process is employed in the experimental procedure adopted for the film preparation. Two kinds of expanded graphite have been used. The different morphological feature of the two expanded graphites affects the heating performance of the films heaters. The film prepared using the nanoparticles with a higher aspect ratio manifests better electrical and heating performance, and therefore the de-icing activation at a lower applied voltage.