bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cautionary Analysis of Spectral Radiance from Io’s Active Volcanoes Derived from Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer Data
Authors: Gerard Davies Ashley 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Between 1996 and 2001, the Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) obtained 190 observations of the volcanic Jovian moon Io. Rathbun et al. (2018) [Astron. J., 156, 207] published a list of 287 measurements of 3.5 μm spectral radiance from some of Io’s active volcanoes, derived from a subset of the NIMS data. However, the spectral radiances reported by Rathbun et al. are lower, in some cases by multiple orders of magnitude, than other analyses of the same observations and spectral radiances derived from contemporaneous ground-based data. In many cases, the Rathbun et al. hot-spot radiances are underreported by a factor of π, likely due to a mistake in unit conversion. For a small number of powerful hot spots, additional discrepancies appear to be the result of poor fits to data limited in wavelength range by NIMS detector saturation and a methodology that discards short-wavelength NIMS data that otherwise would have provided more robust temperature model fits.
Polarization Study of Gamma-ray Binary Systems
Authors: Xingxing Hu , Jumpei Takata 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The polarization of X-ray emission is a unique tool used to investigate the magnetic field structure around astrophysical objects. In this paper, we study the linear polarization of X-ray emissions from gamma-ray binary systems based on pulsar scenarios. We discuss synchrotron emission from pulsar wind particles accelerated by a standing shock. We explore three kinds of axisymmetric magnetic field structures: (i) toroidal magnetic fields, (ii) poloidal magnetic fields, and (iii) tangled magnetic fields. Because of the axisymmetric structure, the polarization angle of integrated emission is oriented along or perpendicular to the shock-cone axis projected on the sky and swings around 360° in one orbit. For the toroidal case, the polarization angle is always directed along the shock-cone axis and smoothly changes along the orbital phase. For the poloidal/tangled magnetic field, the direction of the polarization angle depends on the system parameters and orbital phase. In one orbit, the polarization degree for the toroidal case can reach the maximum value of the synchrotron radiation (∼70%), while the maximum polarization degree for poloidal/tangled field cases is several 10%. We apply our model to bright gamma-ray binary LS 5039 and make predictions for future observations. With the expected sensitivity of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, linear polarization can be detected by an observation of several days if the magnetic field is dominated by the toroidal magnetic field. If the magnetic field is dominated by the poloidal/tangled field, significant detection is expected with an observation longer than 10 days.
Characterizing the Observation Bias in Gravitational-wave Detections and Finding Structured Population Properties
Authors: Veske Doğa , Bartos Imre , Márka Zsuzsa , Márka Szabolcs 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The observed distributions of the source properties from gravitational-wave (GW) detections are biased due to the selection effects and detection criteria in the detections, analogous to the Malmquist bias. In this work, this observation bias is investigated through its fundamental statistical and physical origins. An efficient semi-analytical formulation for its estimation is derived, which is as accurate as the standard method of numerical simulations, with only a millionth of the computational cost. Then, the estimated bias is used for unmodeled inferences on the binary black hole population. These inferences show additional structures, specifically two peaks in the joint mass distribution around binary masses ∼10 M
⊙ and ∼30 M
⊙. Example ready-to-use scripts and some produced data sets for this method are shared in an online repository.
Spin and Accretion Rate Dependence of Black Hole X-Ray Spectra
Authors: Kinch Brooks E. , Schnittman Jeremy D. , Noble Scott C. , Kallman Timothy R. , Krolik Julian H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present a survey of how the spectral features of black hole X-ray binary systems depend on spin, accretion rate, viewing angle, and Fe abundance when predicted on the basis of first-principles physical calculations. The power-law component hardens with increasing spin. The thermal component strengthens with increasing accretion rate. The Compton bump is enhanced by higher accretion rate and lower spin. The Fe Kα equivalent width grows sublinearly with Fe abundance. Strikingly, the Kα profile is more sensitive to accretion rate than to spin because its radial surface brightness profile is relatively flat, and higher accretion rate extends the production region to smaller radii. The overall radiative efficiency is at least 30%–100% greater than as predicted by the Novikov–Thorne model.
Poplar box woodlands of Eastern Australia: an assessment of a threatened ecological community within the IVC framework
Authors: Hunter John T. , Addicott Eda 
Published: December 2021

Aims: Ecosystems nationally at risk in Australia are listed under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act (EPBC Act), and many cross State jurisdictional boundaries. The determination of these ecosystems across the State boundaries are based on expert knowledge. The International Vegetation Classification has the potential to be useful as a cross-jurisdictional hierarchy which also gives global perspective to ecosystems. Study Area: All bioregions that include Eucalyptus populnea as a dominant or major component of woodlands across the species known distribution. Methods: We use plot-based data (455 plots) from two states (Queensland and New South Wales) in eastern Australia and quantitative classification methods to assess the definition and description for the Poplar Box Woodland ecosystem type (hereafter “ecological community” or “community”) that is listed as endangered under the EPBC Act. Analyses were conducted using kR-CLUSTER methods to generate alliances. Within these alliances, analyses were undertaken to define associations using agglomerative hierarchical clustering and similarity profile testing (SIMPROF). We then explore how assigning this community into the IVC hierarchy may provide a mechanism for linking Australian communities, defined at the association and alliance levels, to international communities at risk. Results: We define three alliances and 23 associations based on the results of floristic analysis. Using the standard rule-set of the IVC system, we found that the IVC hierarchy was a useful instrument in correlating ecological communities across jurisdictional boundaries where different classification systems are used. It is potentially important in giving a broader understanding of communities that may be at risk continentally and globally. Conclusions: We conclude that the IVC hierarchy can incorporate Australian communities at the association level into useful units at higher levels, and provides a useful classification tool for Australian ecosystems.
Taxonomic reference: PlantNET (http://plantnet/10rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/) [accessed June 2019].
Abbreviations: EPBC Act = Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act; IVC = International Vegetation Classification; NMDS = non-metric multidimensional scaling; NSW = New South Wales; PCT = Plant Community Type; QLD = Queensland; RE = Regional Vegetation Community; SIMPER = similarity percentage analysis; SIMPROF = Similarity profile analysis.
Examining Whiteness in Obstetric and Pediatric Simulations: A Content Analysis
Authors: Lamberson Jessica , Pearson Pamela , Crooks Natasha , Ricca Paige 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Whiteness is a systemic construct that functions to make itself invisible and prevent its racialization. Whiteness informs the nursing profession on all levels and impacts how nurses learn, relate to, and perpetuate whiteness through structural, curricular, interpersonal, and ideological means. The aim of this study was to use an antiracist framework to analyze manifestations of whiteness in select prelicensure obstetric and pediatric clinical simulation scenarios at a large midwestern college of nursing.

Methods:
Nine prelicensure nursing simulations were analyzed for themes using qualitative content analysis.

Results:
Two themes related to whiteness emerged from the data—normalizing whiteness in assessment and othering.

Conclusion:

Applying an antiracist framework in clinical nursing education can assist educators and students to see the embedded whiteness and racism in the curriculum and begin to address it. Additional analysis is needed to explore nurse educators and student perceptions of whiteness in simulations.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(12):690–696.]
HLA-H*02:07 Is a Membrane-Bound Ligand of Denisovan Origin That Protects against Lysis by Activated Immune Effectors
Authors: Hubert Lucas , Paganini Julien , Picard Christophe , Chiaroni Jacques , Abi-Rached Laurent , Pontarotti Pierre , Di Cristofaro Julie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The biological relevance of genes initially categorized as “pseudogenes” is slowly emerging, notably in innate immunity. In the HLA region on chromosome 6, HLA-H is one such pseudogene; yet, it is transcribed, and its variation is associated with immune properties. Furthermore, two HLA-H alleles, H*02:07 and H*02:14, putatively encode a complete, membrane-bound HLA protein. Here we thus hypothesized that HLA-H contributes to immune homeostasis similarly to tolerogenic molecules HLA-G, -E, and -F. We tested if HLA-H*02:07 encodes a membrane-bound protein that can inhibit the cytotoxicity of effector cells. We used an HLA-null human erythroblast cell line transduced with HLA-H*02:07 cDNA to demonstrate that HLA-H*02:07 encodes a membrane-bound protein. Additionally, using a cytotoxicity assay, our results support that K562 HLA-H*02:07 inhibits human effector IL-2–activated PBMCs and human IL-2–independent NK92-MI cell line activity. Finally, through in silico genotyping of the Denisovan genome and haplotypic association with Denisovan-derived HLA-A*11, we also show that H*02:07 is of archaic origin. Hence, admixture with archaic humans brought a functional HLA-H allele into modern European and Asian populations.
The Scavenger Hunt: An Educational Technique for Preceptors and Athletic Training Students
Authors: Mazzoli Linda Fabrizio , Moffit Dani M. , Mansell Jamie L. 
Published: December 2021

Context
Entry-level athletic trainers (ATs) often lack tools necessary to help build confidence and professional networks, especially if they are the only clinicians in their facility. One-way athletic training education can help is to encourage preceptors to assist in mentoring athletic training students (ATSs) as they navigate the shift from student to AT.

Objective
To describe 1 educational technique developed by a preceptor that showcases effective mentoring, networking, volunteer opportunities, and communication.

Background
Mentorship is important for all entry-level ATs. By providing opportunities before graduation and assisting ATSs in learning how to network and communicate with potential mentors, future ATs can then continue the mentoring pipeline as they accept preceptor positions.

Description
This activity was developed by a preceptor while the ATS was in her immersive setting. It provided the ATS an opportunity to develop networking skills while still having support from the preceptor as mentor and while also growing the number of colleagues in her network. By providing a self-discovery activity, the ATS learned how to effectively maneuver through a large conference while gaining confidence, contacts, and a better understanding of the profession.

Clinical Advantage(s)
The preceptor developed a mentoring relationship with the ATS while also giving her the opportunity to build connections and identify characteristics that she would like to have in future mentors.

Conclusion(s)
Networking is often a difficult skill for new professionals. By creating this scavenger hunt, the preceptor demonstrated effective mentoring in addition to pushing the ATS outside of her comfort zone to develop her own professional network and observe how professionals can give back to their association.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis among People Deprived of Liberty in Colombian Prisons
Authors: Herrera Mariana , Keynan Yoav , López Lucelly , Marín Diana , Arroyave Luisa , Arbeláez María Patricia , Vélez Lázaro , Rueda Zulma Vanessa 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT.
People deprived of liberty (PDL) are at high risk of acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]) and progressing to active tuberculosis (TB). We sought to determine the incidence rates and factors associated with LTBI and active TB in Colombian prisons. Using information of four cohort studies, we included 240 PDL with two-step tuberculin skin test (TST) negative and followed them to evaluate TST conversion, as well as, 2,134 PDL that were investigated to rule out active TB (1,305 among people with lower respiratory symptoms of any duration, and 829 among people without respiratory symptoms and screened for LTBI). Latent tuberculosis infection incidence rate was 2,402.88 cases per 100,000 person-months (95% CI 1,364.62–4,231.10) in PDL with short incarceration at baseline, and 419.66 cases per 100,000 person-months (95% CI 225.80–779.95) in individuals with long incarceration at baseline (who were enrolled for the follow after at least 1 year of incarceration). The TB incidence rate among PDL with lower respiratory symptoms was 146.53 cases/100,000 person-months, and among PDL without respiratory symptoms screened for LTBI the incidence rate was 19.49 cases/100,000 person-months. History of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination decreased the risk of acquiring LTBI among PDL who were recently incarcerated. Female sex, smoked drugs, and current cigarette smoking were associated with an increased risk of developing active TB. This study shows that PDL have high risk for LTBI and active TB. It is important to perform LTBI testing at admission to prison, as well as regular follow-up to control TB in prisons.
Status Wakaf Saham pada Emiten yang Keluar dari Daftar Efek Syariah (DES)
Authors: Burhanudin M. E. 
Published: December 2021

Wakaf merupakan salah satu instrumen untuk mengurangi kemiskinan yang bertujuan untuk keadilan sosial ekonomi. Konversi saham syariah menjadi wakaf untuk keperluan produktif atau sosial. Saham syariah memiliki kriteria tertentu yang diatur dalam peraturan otoritas jasa keuangan (POJK), dan diklasifikasikan dalam daftar efek syariah (DES). Emiten yang tercantum dalam daftar efek syariah (DES) dan mengeluarkan wakaf saham atau pun dividen kepada nadzir atau lembaga yang mengelola wakaf. Sebagai bentuk kontribusi untuk kemajuan ekonomi umat. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya banyak wakaf saham yang diterima dari emiten yang sudah keluar dari daftar efek syariah (DES), sehingga banyak wakaf saham yang masih belum jelas statusnya karena waqif (emiten) sudah tidak masuk kriteria saham syariah. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan: pertama, pelaksanaan wakaf saham di Tabung Wakaf Indonesia (TWI) sudah sesuai dengan kriteria syariah dan juga telah terdaftar di Badan Wakaf Indonesi (BWI). Akan tetapi, masih adanya perusahaan (emiten) yang tidak sesuai dengan kriteria syariah yang telah mewakafkan sahamnya; kedua, terdapat emiten yang telah mewakafkan sahamnya, namun belum sesuai dengan kriteria daftar efek syariah (DES); ketiga, pelaksanaan wakaf saham telah sesuai dengan UU No. 41 tahun 2004, namun belum diatur secara spesifik terkait dengan wakaf saham. Berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut, peneliti memperoleh temuan bahwa adanya wakaf saham dari emiten yang tidak sesuai dengan kriteria syariah disebabkan karena belum adanya ketentuan khusus yang mengatur wakaf saham, sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya berjalan tanpa aturan yang spesifk. Peneliti menyarankan hendaknya pemerintah dan Badan Wakaf Indonesia segera membuat Undang-undang dan peraturan tentang wakaf saham dan standar operasional prosedurnya agar wakaf saham berjalan semestinya dan mampu memberikan manfaat bagi kemajuan ekonomi umat.
Kata kunci : peraturan otoritas jasa keuangan, daftar efek syariah, tabung wakaf indonesia, badan wakaf indonesia, emiten.
Credibilidad del Testimonio en Agresiones y Abusos Sexuales a Menores: Evolución de los Testimonios no Creíbles en la Última Década
Authors: Triviño Pérez Covadonga , Winberg Nodal Maxime , Moral Jiménez María de la Villa 
Published: December 2021

El abuso sexual infantil (ASI) es un delito cada vez más presente en nuestra sociedad. Se plantea como objetivo analizar los datos de los informes periciales cedidos por el Instituto de Medicina Legal de Asturias (España) para determinar si las variables sexo, familiaridad con la víctima, presencia de trastorno y del Síndrome de Alienación Parental (SAP) influyen en la credibilidad del testimonio de ASI, así como observar la evolución de los testimonios no creíbles en la década 2010-2020. Se valoraron los informes de 212 sujetos (182 mujeres y 30 hombres). Se confirmó un aumento de denuncias falsas de ASI en los últimos años, además de diferencias significativas entre la credibilidad del testimonio y el sexo del sujeto, así como la familiaridad con la víctima. No se pudo establecer relación entre la credibilidad y padecer un trastorno psicológico o presentar SAP. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los hallazgos en el ámbito jurídico-forense.
Critical Analysis of Gulma Aimed at Practical Management
Authors: Kumar Yarlagadda Narendra , Jayaram Anumarlapudi 
Published: December 2021

One of the diseases that have become enigmatic over a period of time, subsequently becoming one of academic interest and discussion is Gulma. Various theories were put forward regarding its pathology and modern equivalents like Phantom tumor, Gaseous tumor which are themselves non-specific in nature, none having a practical approach in daily practice. Sites of Gulma such as Hridaya. Nabhi, Parsva, Vasthi are also the sites of Diverticular disease. Diverticulum and its later manifestation as Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis are similar to Gulma and the diffenrent types like Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja and Sannipathaja Gulma as explained by our Acharyas. This disease is compared to Diverticular disease with justifications, so that physicians can try medical care, which, hitherto is limited purely as academic subject, and also paves the way for further analysis into the classification of Gulma and its manifestation as compared to Diverticulitis, so that Ayurvedic treatment modalities can be applied accordingly, which requires extensive clinical study.
Critical study of Pramehahara effect of Dhaatri Nishe w.s.r. to Diabetes mellitus
Authors: S Balavenkata Krishna , Bulusu Sitaram 
Published: December 2021

Nishaamlaki is a known Ayurvedic medicinal preparation which is found effective in controlling the Diabetes mellitus. But according to Astanga hridaya “Meheshudhaatrinishe” combination of Aamlaki and two Haridra drugs effectively controls Prameha.Here the word “NISHE” indicates two drugs i.e., Haridra and Daruharidra.The combination of Aamlaki (Emblica officinalis Linn.) Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn.) and Daruharidra (Berberis aristata D.C & Coscinium fenestratum Colebr.) is to be considered as “Srestha” (Drug of choice) in Diabetes mellitus. India leads the world’s largest number of diabetic subjects earning the dubious distinction of being termed the diabetes capital of the world. According to diabetes atlas 2008 published by Indian diabetic federation, the number of people with diabetes in India are currently around 40.9 million and is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025 unless urgent preventive measures are taken. In India, it is also 3rd leading cause of death (After heart disease and cancer).It has turned out to be the biggest “silent killer” in today’s world. The present research work is done on 60 patients dividing them into 2 groups.DH1 Group was given with Aamalaki, Haridra and Daruharidra {Berberis aristata D.C}, DH2 Group was given with Aamalaki, Haridra and Daruharidra {Coscinium fenestratum Colebr.}. Finally it is concluded that Daruharidra which is known botanically as Berberis aristata D.C is highly effective in controlling the blood sugar levels in combination with Aamalaki and Haridra than Coscinium fenestratum Colebr. in combinations with Aamalaki and Haridra.
Case Study on Ayurvedic Management of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Authors: M Krishna Santoshi , N Krishnaiah 
Published: December 2021

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is the second leading genetic disorder inherited in autosomal recessive pattern due to absence of SMN1 gene characterized by loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting, often leading to dependent life and decreased life span. In Ayurveda, SMA can be considered as a type of janma jaata Vata vikara as it has been mentioned that: “Tatra va gati gandhanayoriti vata” that means all the movements of the body are controlled by vata. In Vata vyadhi Lakshanas, few symptoms like Anganam sosha (Atrophy or emaciation of limbs), Sankocha (Contraction), Kanja, Pangulya, Kubjatva (Lameness of hands and feet, hunch-back and shortness), are considered, few of which are also observed in the Spinal Muscular Atrophy. A 2yrs female patient was admitted in our I.P.D who was a known case of SMA II presented with complaints of inability in sitting for longer time without support, unable to stand and walk even with support. Through Ayurvedic principles we have treated adopting various vata hara treatment modalities & also with few palliative treatments as per the need in view of enhancing the quality living.
Determination of Occupational Stress and Its Related Factors in Female Staff of Kashan University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Saberi Hamid Reza , Karimi Saba , Kashani Masoud Motalebi 
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: The phenomenon of stress is one of the fundamental problems in the last few decades following the changes and developments of societies and the advent of modern life that has put people at risk. The aim of this study was to determine the level of occupational stress and its related factors in female staff of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study and the sample size was all female employees (132 persons) working in faculties and departments of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The UK HSE occupational stress questionnaire was used to measure occupational stress. Data were imported into SPSS16 software and analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher exact test. Findings: Only two variables showed a significant statistical relationship with job stress; hours of work and the workplace (P-value <0.05), but there was no significant statistical relationship between job shift, education level and employment status (P-value> 0.05). Conclusion: The high level of occupational stress among employees of the deputies indicate the importance of reducing the working hours of the staff to the standard working hours of other countries, as well as the periodic shift of staff from the deputies to the faculties.