bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of addition of whey protein concentrate and emulsifier on characteristics of cheddar cheese analogue from corn milk
Authors: Sumarmono J , Sustriawan B , Aini N , Prihananto V , Widiastuti A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Corn milk has been considered as the ingredient of cheddar cheese analogue. In cheddar cheese manufacturing, whey protein and stabilizer like Tween-80 and Span-80 are required. This study objectives are to determine the best proportion of whey protein concentrate (WPC) concentration and emulsifier types to produce analogue cheddar cheese with corn milk base and its effect on the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of analogue cheddar cheese. The experimental design was factory randomized block design with two factors, the WPC level (20, 25, 30%) and emulsifier type (Tween-80, Span-80, and Tween-80 combination: Span-80). The physicochemical and sensory variables data were analyzed on a 5% F-test, and the significant results were further analyzed with the multiple-range test of Duncan at a level of 5%. The results showed that changes in WPC level had effects on yield value, water content, dissolved protein content, and fat content. The variation of emulsifiers affected water content and protein content. The best proportion of the analogue cheddar was WPC 30% and emulsifier Tween-80 1% with yield value 63.23%, pH 5.7, total dissolved solids 31.75%, moisture content 59.24%, protein dissolve 10.07% bk, fat content 13.65% bk, and total acid 1%.
Antioxidant activities, physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of kecombrang tea (Etlingera
elatior) as functional drink
Authors: Naufalin R , Erminawati  , Wibowo D N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Kecombrang is one of the plants in Zingiberaceae group which has antioxidant properties and potential to be processed as raw material for functional drinks including herbal teas. The addition of sugar and tamarind can alter the characteristics of kecombrang tea. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding various types of sugar and tamarind to kecombrang flower powder on physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and sensory characteristics of kecombrang tea. This study used an experimental method with a randomized block design (RBD) consisted of 6 treatment combinations with 4 replications to obtain 24 experimental units. The factors tested were kecombrang plant parts (flowers and fruit); tamarind addition (without and added with acid); and crystal coconut sugar addition (without and added with coconut sugar). The results showed that the best treatment combination based on the effectiveness index method was kecombrang flowers with the addition of tamarind and coconut sugar. This product has a total phenol of 5.96 mg TAE (Tannic Acid Equivalent)/gram bk, water content of 1.32%, ash content of 3.54%, pH of 4.5, and antioxidant activity of 85.93%, red color, a quite strong distinctive aroma of kecombrang, and a bit sour taste.
Antioxidant potential ingredient of kecombrang plants (Etlingera
elatior)
Authors: Naufalin R , Sutrisna E , Wicaksono R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) is a plant that has been widely known and used by humans as food and medicine. The stems, leaves, and rhizomes of kecombrang as well as flowers contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and essential oils which have a potency as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of the parts of kecombrang plants and the type of fraction extracted from the part of the kecombrang plant on the total phenol, antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of the preparation. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 8 combinations with 4 replications to obtain 32 experimental units. The factors tested included fragmented plant parts, namely flowers, stems, leaves, and rhizomes, and the types of stratified extraction fractions, namely ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The variables observed included physicochemical properties, total phenol and antioxidant activity of kecombrang preparations. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (F test) followed by DMRT 5%. The results showed that the total value of phenol and the highest antioxidant activity was the part of kecombrang stems fractionated using ethanol, namely 15,894.07 mg/100g and 89.12%, respectively.
Identification of the accumulation of excess temperature during one growing season as a basis for determining suitability for potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) in a tropical region
Authors: Firmansyah I , Sevirasari N , Sulistyaningsih E , Pertiwi M D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High temperature in tropical countries is a significant constraint for potato plant development. It is important to identify the accumulation of excess air temperature between the region with low-temperature and high-temperature during one growing season, as a basis for determining the suitable area for potato plants in a tropical region. Two series of experiments have conducted, the first had carried out in two locations, (1) in the high-temperature area (380 masl) and (2) in the low-temperature area (1360 masl). The second experiment had carried out in a high-temperature area (600 masl). The potato cultivars tested were sensitive to high temperatures. The results of the first experiment showed that the difference between the minimum/maximum air temperature accumulation of one growing season between 1360 masl and 380 masl was 179.49/330.42°C and the decrease in tuber yield reached -76%, resulting in unmarketable potato tuber. The results of the second experiment showed that the difference in the accumulation of minimum/maximum air temperature between 1360 masl and 600 masl was 18.8/188.4°C, which decreasing in tuber yield about -15.2%. This study indicates, the temperature at 600 masl still exceeds the optimum temperature; nonetheless, the quantity and quality of the potato tubers produced were marketable.
Growth and productivity responses to the utilization of superior rice varieties and bio-silica application in rainfed land
Authors: Aryawati S A N , Sunanjaya I W , Yasa I M R , Kamandalu A A N B , Sari A R K , Hoerudin  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research aimed to understand response of growth and rice productivity to the utilization of superior rice varieties and the application of biosilica fertilizer on rainfed land at different planting season. The study employed split plot design with three superior varieties of rice as main plot treatment and biosilica application as sub-plot. The growth and rice productivity were observed during dry season and rainy season. The utilization of superior rice varieties was only affected on number of total grains, 1000 grains weight and productivity at dry season meanwhile it affected the variables observed at rainy season. Application of biosilica fertilizer did not affect plant height, number of empty and total grains at dry season meanwhile it affected the variables observed at rainy season. Rice productivities were significantly different in both factors. Result showed that most of variables values obtained with biosilica application were higher. Biosilica fertilizer was able to increase productivity up to 1.08 tons/ha from 6.48 tons/ha to 7.56 tons/ha at dry season and up to 1.92 tons/ha from 8.7 tons/ha to 10.62 ton/ha at rainy season. This result indicated that utilization of superior rice varieties and biosilica fertilizer is recommended to increase rice productivity on rainfed land.
The effect of arginine addition on chemical and antioxidant properties of coconut sap during heating
Authors: Haryanti P , Supriyadi  , Marseno D W , Santoso U 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Arginine contains positive charged ends that are suitable to bind molecules with negative charge like carbonyl groups of reducing sugar in coconut sap. This research aimed to determine the effect of various arginine concentrations on chemical and antioxidant properties of coconut sap during the heating process. A 2.5 L of coconut sap was added with 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2 mM arginine and heated with an open process until the temperature of sap reached 118 °C. Fifty grams of sap samples were collected in the temperature of 80, 100 and 118 °C during heating treatment. The results showed that the variation of arginine concentration did not significantly affect water content, reducing sugar, total sugar, and sucrose of coconut sap samples. Coconut sap added with 0.4 mM showed the highest pH during heating. The highest of free amino acid content was shown on coconut sap added with 0.8 mM arginine at the end of heating temperature. The 0.8 mM of arginine concentration and the sap temperature of 100 °C were the optimum condition to obtain the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity i.e. 69.93%, while the chelating activity of coconut sap added with 0.4 mM was significantly higher than other treatments (34.42%).
Price volatility of staple food using ARCH-GARCH model
Authors: Setiawati I , Ardiansyah  , Taufikurohman R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Staple goods are vulnerable to inflation. The fluctuating of the price of staple food is an interesting study for regions wishing to control the inflation rate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the price volatility of several food commodities and to find out the best model as alternative forecasting model that is suitable for the phenomenon of price volatility. This study uses time series data, namely the weekly prices of staple food for the last two years. The econometric model used in this study is the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH-GARCH) model. The ARCH-GARCH model is used to estimate the volatility of the price of the community groups. Staple food studied in this study included 3 commodities, namely rice, chicken, and sugar. The results showed that the prices of the three goods were volatile. Therefore, it is important for local governments to know how to maintain the weekly price of staple foods so that inflation can be controlled.
Hierarchical structure of synergistic multi-agent system
Authors: Bezborodova O E , Bodin O N , Kramm M N , Vorobieva S V , Kharitonov S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article considers the task of ensuring the efficiency of synergistic information-measuring and control systems. A structural scheme of synergistic information-measuring and control system based on multi-agent technologies has been developed and a decomposition of goals has been presented. For the heterogeneous group of unmanned aerial vehicles involved in search and rescue operations in the emergency zone, control algorithms based on the use of synergies have been proposed. It is shown that the synergistic effect lies in the joint interaction of diverse unmanned aerial vehicles of a heterogeneous group. Calculations are given and graphs are constructed, that illustrate the operation of a heterogeneous group of unmanned aircraft in normal mode and in the event of failure of one of the unmanned aerial vehicles. It has been proven that the group is able to complete the task due to the synergistic effect.
Improving data collection and processing efficiency by using hierarchies of intelligent agents in multi-agent systems
Authors: Bezborodova O E , Bodin O N , Paschenko D V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the challenge of improving data collection and processing efficiency by using various information and measurement systems. A structural scheme of a hierarchical multi-agent control system has been developed, incorporating horizontal (single-level) and vertical (multi-level) connections between intelligent agents. An algorithm is proposed for controlling a heterogeneous group of unmanned aerial vehicles participating in search and rescue operations in an emergency zone based on the hierarchical interaction of intelligent agents, cloning and coalition formation. KPI values have been calculated and the effectiveness of the proposed solution have been proved.
The task of increasing the number of training situations as one of the areas for improving the ergatic software and hardware systems “Aviation simulator”
Authors: Roganov V R , Asmolova E A , Esimova N S , Omirbekov R U , Kuvshinova O , Aidarbek G K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, the ergatic software and hardware complex, called the “flight simulator”, is used worldwide for professional training of crew members in piloting an aircraft in special flight conditions. Flight and integrated flight simulators include a visual environment simulator that synthesizes for a pilot a three-dimensional image of the external environment behind the simulator’s cabin, which allows pilots to be trained in visual landing on a runway model, while solving aeronautical problems. Simulators of the visual environment developed earlier could not synthesize recognizable areas of the area more than 400 × 400 km in size necessary for training in solving problems of self-driving. Therefore, simulators for the training of navigators were separately developed, teaching the determination of the location of the model of an aircraft in the model of the environment according to the models of radio engineering means of aircraft. Modern optical-technical-software systems for the synthesis of three-dimensional models of the external environment allow us to develop new and modernize existing flight and complex flight simulators by adding training to the crew of the aircraft in solving problems of aircraft navigation. The analysis carried out by the authors of this article showed that for this it is necessary to solve the problem of selecting objects that should become benchmarks and their placement according to the model of a large area. Solutions are proposed that allow us to solve the tasks and develop a model of a recognizable piece of the earth’s surface that is sufficient to solve the problems of piloting and self-driving training on an aircraft simulator.
Regulation of the stop points throughput capacity in urban public transport
Authors: Fadeev A I , Alhusseini S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article considers the problem of determining the throughput capacity of bus lines, which is usually determined by the limited throughput capacity of stopping points. Currently, the throughput capacity of a stop point is usually defined as the inverse mathematical expectation of the average service time for one transportation vehicle. To account such factors as random disturbances in the transport process, appropriate correction coefficients are applied. However, it has not been proved that the considered coefficients provide acceptable results for practice in all cases. In this article, in order to study the throughput capacity, the work of a stopping point is described as a multi-channel single-phase queuing system (QS). An algorithm is proposed for simulating a public transport stopping point model based on the principle of consecutive submitting requests. The recommendations formulated for the throughput capacity regulation of stop points are illustrated by using an example of a specific stop point.
The optimization of the lateral motion control system of an unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Kramar V A , Kabanov A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the possibility of constructing an aircraft lateral motion control system only using the rudder; a mathematical model of such a system is obtained based on the structuring of an unmanned aerial vehicle model. The design of optimal lateral motion control of a UAV is carried out using the linear-quadratic optimization method in the complex domain for single-control systems. As an optimization criterion, a quadratic criterion in the form of restrictions on the control energy is used. Examples of system modeling are given.
Modeling of peat tractor semi-trailer motion
Authors: Mikhailov A V , Zhigulskaya A I , Kasakov YA 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wheeled tractor vehicles are used to transport peat from open cast mines to storage stockpiles or processing facilities. This paper analyzes dynamic stability and control of an articulate vehicle. A mathematical model of linear dynamics is demonstrated for deformed supporting base and a two-tier transport unit consisting of an AWD tractor and a two-axle trailer. The functions obtained from analysis of maneuverability of the transport unit may be used in studies of operational and technical properties of the vehicles as calculation formulas to determine the trajectories of its components when transporting peat materials in peat mines. This analytic approach provided understanding of the propulsion system of the tractor vehicle and grounds for subsequent computer modeling of the process.
Investigation of the dynamics of a small spacecraft elastic element temperature change under a temperature shock considering a penumbral section
Authors: Sedelnikov A V , Orlov D I , Leskova Yu D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a study of the temperature shock of small technological spacecraft large elastic elements, considering the penumbral and shadow areas of its orbit, is carried out. A comparison of the dynamics changes in the temperature field of an elastic element with and without consideration of the penumbral section is presented. Conclusions are made about the significance of the penumbral section for modeling the dynamics of the small spacecraft under a temperature shock orbital motion in order to create favorable conditions for micro-accelerations for the successful implementation of gravitationally sensitive technological processes. The results of the work can be used in the small technological spacecraft design and the development of algorithms that reduce the negative impact of temperature shock on the micro-acceleration field of the small spacecraft inner environment.
Approximation of EMF spatial distribution near mobile phone in order to form a “virtual” antenna array
Authors: Pasternak Yu G , Negrobov V V , Ostankov A V , Fedorov S M , Ischenko E A , Razinkin K A , Antipov S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Article describes the methods of approximation of electromagnetic field spatial distribution, which spatial samples are measured using an annular antenna array located near scatterer with a priori unknown geometry and material properties. As example, case of mobile phone located at user’s head were studied. The model of the human head and hand was simulated as a layered structure, the outer layer imitated the skin, and water was used as the inner filling. The study results show good performance of modified method of forming a “virtual” antenna array, which can significantly reduce the field approximation error, thereby making it possible to successfully predict the electromagnetic field phase structure at distances exceeding the radius of the used antenna array by three times. Proposed method can significantly increase the efficiency of subspace methods of direction finding and methods of adaptive signal processing in multichannel systems (in particular, the MIMO) due to the multiple increase in the number of virtual channels which are functionally equivalent to additional real channels, and also - increasing the electrical dimensions of the antenna system (“virtual” antenna array).
Analysis of the functioning of the orientation device to the Earth of a telecommunications space satellite
Authors: Petrov M N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of statistical observations of an operating communications spacecraft. The functioning of the orientation system to the Earth is considered. For ensure the reliability of communication between the satellite and ground stations, it is important to have a constant direction to the coverage area. For this, the spacecraft has an orientation system to the Earth. The orientation aims to create a reliable connection on the territory of the country of the spacecraft owner. The article examines the analysis of the operation of the satellite guidance system to the Earth using the example of a telecommunications communication satellite of the Republic of Kazakhstan. At the same time, the satellite orientation system to the Sun works in parallel to organize a stable and stable connection. The statistics of the operation of the orientation system to the Earth are presented. For this, the satellite has devices responsible for positioning – the orientation devices to the Earth. There are two given devices, namely, POZ-1 and POZ-2. The analysis of real statistics is given. The forecast of the system operation for the next nine years has been made.
Effect of electrode pressing force on the amount of energy supplied to interelectrode space in resistance projection welding with constant current welding machine
Authors: Yu Paliakou A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the procedure for theoretical and experimental determination of the graphical regularity of the effect of the electrode pressing force on the amount of energy supplied to the interelectrode space when producing overlap joints of plates with equal thicknesses by using resistance projection welding. The regularity reflects a sufficiently strong connection between the parameters of the welding mode with the heat balance equation of the interelectrode space and the Joule-Lenz law.
A model for predicting the temperature of a machine tool structure by a neural network using the sliding window method
Authors: Pozevalkin V V , Polyakov A N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper studies a model for predicting the surface temperature of structural elements of a machine tool using artificial neural networks. A method of forming a training sample by the sliding window method for solving the problem of retrospective forecasting is presented. As applied to a neural network, the sliding window method is an algorithm for forming a training set from an initial set of experimental data necessary to build a forecasting model. Research was carried out for various types of neural networks, namely, generalized regression neural network, radial basis function network and feed forward network. Extrapolation was performed using multistep prediction, in which the predictive system uses the data obtained at the output of the neural network to predict subsequent values. The efficiency and practical suitability of neural network models for predicting the temperature of key heat sources located in certain areas of the machine structure was verified.
The method of aviation systems diagnostics according to the admissible level of non-failure operation probability
Authors: Sidnyaev N I , Butenko Iu I , Bolotova E E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the methods of forecasting reliability of the created devices, design of devices with the given reliability and comparison of reliability of various aviation systems. Calculated relations at various types of redundancy in tests, prolongation of service life of blocks of aircraft, the basis of which is methodology of estimation of residual resource are resulted. The existing methods of reliability analysis are systematized and studied. The problems of uncertainty of information on input data at calculations by classical methods are stated. It is postulated that the principle of comparability of results of quantitative estimations of technical systems assumes the use of uniform composition of initial data for a certain reporting period of time, unity of generalized and private indicators used as well as unity of assumptions and limitations accepted. The application of general and elementary formulation of the state estimation of complex mechanisms with the use of diagnostic matrix and recognition theory to determine the state of technical objects is shown. Stages of the general process of object diagnostics are described, which consist in determination of parameter changes at influence on object elements and further processing of the obtained results using synthesis and analysis methods.