bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer vision‐based recognition of driver distraction: A review
Authors: Moslemi Negar , Soryani Mohsen , Azmi Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVehicle crash rates caused by distracted driving have been rising in recent years. Hence, safety while driving on roads is today a crucial concern across the world. Some of the reasons due to which drivers may lose attention include the use of mobile phones, speaking with passengers, and reaching behind to grab something while driving. There are various types of distractions, out of which we focus on manual ones based on the posture of the driver. This work presents a review on open problems and challenges concerning the vision‐based distraction recognition of drivers. Types of experimental environments are described; and image modalities, public and custom datasets and body parts inspected during distraction recognition are explored. Besides, a comparative review of different works on vision‐based recognition of driver's manual distractions and limitations for each dataset is presented. Main approaches of vision‐based manual distractive driving recognition can be categorized into conventional and deep learning methods. These approaches are compared and classified based on whether using temporal information or not. Finally, we give some suggestions for improvement, and look forward to future development directions of the vision‐based recognition of driver's manual distractions.
Rumor, misinformation among web: A contemporary review of rumor detection techniques during different web waves
Authors: Rani Neetu , Das Prasenjit , Bhardwaj Amit Kumar 
Published: July 2021

SummarySometimes, unverified information is disseminated as if it is true information on social media sites. Most of the times, it goes viral and affects the belief of people and their emotions. Rumors and fake news are the most popular form of false and unconfirmed information. Such news must be identified quickly for preventing its negative impact on society. In the last decade, operational procedures for rumors and false news detection came into existence. This paper provides a holistic view of different web waves from web 1.0 to web 5.0 and their usages. Further, taxonomy describes various malicious information contents at different stages. It discusses features used for classification, publicly available datasets, the rumor detection methods proposed during web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 periods, and comprehensive analysis related to various methods and techniques. Numerous research gaps and future directions are illustrated to make online information more trustworthy for knowledge sharing and decision‐making purposes.
High‐Throughput Analyses of Glycans, Glycosites, and Intact Glycopeptides Using C4‐and C18/MAX‐Tips and Liquid Handling System
Authors: Chen Shao‐Yung , Clark David J. , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProtein glycosylation is one of the most common and diverse modifications. Aberrant protein glycosylation has been reported to associate with various diseases. High‐throughput and comprehensive characterization of glycoproteins is crucial for structural and functional studies of altered glycosylation in biological, physiological, and pathological processes. In this protocol, we detail a workflow for comprehensive analyses of intact glycopeptides (IGPs), glycosylation sites, and glycans from N‐linked glycoproteins. By utilizing liquid handling systems, our workflow could enrich IGPs in a high‐throughput manner while reducing sample processing time and human error involved in traditional proteomics sample processing techniques. Together, our workflow enables a high‐throughput enrichment of glycans, glycosites, and intact glycopeptides from complex biological or clinical samples. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Enzymatic digestion of glycoproteins using C4‐tipsBasic Protocol 2: Intact glycopeptide analysis using C18/MAX‐tipsBasic Protocol 3: Glycan and glycosite analysis
Investigating illegal activities that affect biodiversity: the case of wildlife consumption in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Chaves Willandia A. , Valle Denis , Tavares Aline S. , von Mühlen Eduardo M. , Wilcove David S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe illegal use of natural resources, manifested in activities like illegal logging, poaching, and illegal wildlife trade, poses a global threat to biodiversity. Addressing them will require an understanding of the magnitude of and factors influencing these activities. However, assessing such behaviors is challenging because of their illegal nature, making participants less willing to admit engaging in them. We compared how indirect (randomized response technique) and direct questioning techniques performed when assessing non‐sensitive (fish consumption, used as negative control) and sensitive (illegal consumption of wild animals) behaviors across an urban gradient (small towns, large towns, and the large city of Manaus) in the Brazilian Amazon. We conducted 1,366 surveys of randomly selected households to assess the magnitude of consumption of meat from wild animals (i.e., wild meat) and its socioeconomic drivers, which included years the head of household lived in urban areas, age of the head of household, household size, presence of children, and poverty. The indirect method revealed higher rates of wildlife consumption in larger towns than did the direct method. Results for small towns were similar between the two methods. The indirect method also revealed socioeconomic factors influencing wild meat consumption that were not detected with direct methods. For instance, the indirect method showed that wild meat consumption increased with age of the head of household, and decreased with poverty and years the head of household lived in urban areas. Simultaneously, when responding to direct questioning, households with characteristics associated with higher wild meat consumption, as estimated from indirect questioning, tended to underreport consumption to a larger degree than households with lower wild meat consumption. Results for fish consumption, used as negative control, were similar for both methods. Our findings suggest that people edit their answers to varying degrees when responding to direct questioning, potentially biasing conclusions, and indirect methods can improve researchers’ ability to identify patterns of illegal activities when the sensitivity of such activities varies across spatial (e.g., urban gradient) or social (e.g., as a function of age) contexts. This work is broadly applicable to other geographical regions and disciplines that deal with sensitive human behaviors.
Lithiophilic Cu‐Li2O matrix on a Cu Collector to Stabilize Lithium Deposition for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Gong Zhe , Lian Cheng , Wang Pengfei , Huang Kai , Zhu Kai , Ye Ke , Yan Jun , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue 
Published: July 2021

Lithium metal anode is the most ideal candidate for next‐generation energy storage system. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth, infinite volume expansion, and undesired side reactions lead to serious safety issues and hinder their potential application. Herein, a pre‐lithiation strategy is proposed to construct a high‐lithiophilic Cu‐Li2O matrix on commercial Cu foil. The in situ‐generated Li2O promises adequate nucleation sites and strengthens solid electrolyte interphase and lateral lithium deposition. Meanwhile, the existence of 3D matrix reduces the local current density. The synergy effect of Li2O and Cu suppresses the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, Cu‐Li2O matrix reveals an enhanced lithium plating/stripping behavior with Coulombic efficiency of 98.46% after 270 cycles. The symmetrical cell assembled by Li‐plated electrodes displays a prolonged lifespan of 1400 h. The work demonstrates a scalable and effective approach for modified current collectors toward stable Li metal anode.
Mechanochromic Properties of Boron‐Difluoride Complexes Bearing π‐Expanded Pyridine Ligands: Effects of π‐Conjugated Skeletons and Halogen Atoms
Authors: Nakano Takeo , Sumida Akifumi , Naka Kensuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHalogenated and non‐halogenated boron complexes bearing pyrrole and π‐expanded pyridine structures, such as quinoline (for 1 a‐H, 1 a‐Cl, 1 a‐Br, and 1 a‐I), isoquinoline (for 1 b‐Br), and phenanthridine (for 1 c‐Br), were prepared to investigate their optical properties. Fluorescence studies of the different solid states revealed that the boron complexes 1 a‐H, 1 a‐Cl, and 1 a‐Br exhibit the mechanochromic properties. The present paper also examined the optical properties of other analogs 1 a‐I, 1 b‐Br, and 1 c‐Br both in‐solution and solid state. Moreover, the interrelationship between their emission character, molecule structures, and solid state were studied by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and X‐ray diffraction investigation.
Transient hillslope erosion in slow evolution landscapes
Authors: V. Godard , A. Salgado , L. Siame , J. Fleury , Team ASTER 
Published: July 2021

SummaryTransient evolution and adjustment to changing tectonic and climatic boundary conditions is an essential attribute of landscapes, and characterizing transient behavior is a key to understanding their dynamics and history. Developing new approaches to detect such transience has been explored by various methods, in particular to identify landscape response to Late Cenozoic and Quaternary climatic changes. Such studies have often focused on regions of high relief and/or active tectonic activity where interferences between tectonic and climatic signals might complicate the interpretation of the observations. We investigated the case of the hillslopes of the Serra do Cipó quartzitic range in SE Brazil in order to detect and quantify transience in a tectonically quiescent landscape over 100‐ka timescales. We determined hilltop curvature from a high‐resolution digital surface model derived from Pléiades imagery and measured cosmogenic nuclide (10Be and 26Al) concentrations at these hilltop sites. We compare both observations with predictions of hillslope diffusion theory, observing a distinctive signature of an acceleration of denudation. We performed a joint inversion of topographic and isotopic data to retrieve an evolution of the hillslope sediment transport coefficient through time. The timing of the increase in denudation cannot be unequivocally associated with a single climatic event but is consistent with important, climatically modulated fluctuations in precipitation and erosion in this area during the Middle and Late Pleistocene.
A framework for predicting abrasion rupture of crusts in wind erosion
Authors: Fattahi Seyed Mohammad , Soroush Abbas , Huang Ning , Zhang Jie , Jodari Abbasi Sona , Yu Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCrusts play a crucial role in the reduction or control of wind erosion. In this regard, the resilience and durability of crusts are of prime importance. Crusts have high resilience and durability against wind flow shear stresses; however, they are prone to abrasion induced by saltating particles. Therefore, estimating crust durability in abrasion rupture has practical importance. In this study, a cyanocrust and a biocemented sand crust were subjected to a controlled flux of saltating particles for different sandblasting periods to provide a framework for predicting crust rupture. The velocity and pre‐ and post‐collision energy of the saltating particles were measured using high‐speed photography. The changes in the strength of the crusts after different periods of sandblasting were determined using a scratch test. The results suggested that the average strength of the cyanocrust and biocemented sand crust became 0.25 and 0.7 of their corresponding initial values after 30 min of sandblasting. Also, the average stiffness of the cyanocrust and biocemented sand crust decreased to 0.5 and 0.9 of their initial values, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of impact energy absorbed by the crusts increased by the deterioration of the crusts. Compiling the results of the wind tunnel experiment and scratch tests yielded an exponential equation which can be used to estimate crust durability in a given condition of saltation. Based on this equation, the cyanocrust and biocemented sand crust will break down entirely after 23 and 449 min, respectively, at a wind velocity of 6.8 m/s and a saltation flux of 1 g/s/m.
Ddx20, DEAD box helicase 20, is essential for the differentiation of oligodendrocyte and maintenance of myelin gene expression
Authors: Simankova Anna , Bizen Norihisa , Saitoh Sei , Shibata Shinsuke , Ohno Nobuhiko , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Takebayashi Hirohide 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that surround axons, contributing to saltatory conduction and proper central nervous system (CNS) function. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are generated during the embryonic stage and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes postnatally. Ddx20 is a multifunctional, DEAD‐box helicase involved in multiple cellular processes, including transcription, splicing, microRNA biogenesis, and translation. Although defects in each of these processes result in abnormal oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, the involvement of Ddx20 in oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation remains unknown. To address this question, we used Mbp‐Cre mice to generate Ddx20 conditional knockout (cKO) mice to allow for the deletion of Ddx20 from mature oligodendrocytes. Mbp‐Cre;Ddx20 cKO mice demonstrated small body sizes, behavioral abnormalities, muscle weakness, and short lifespans, with mortality by the age of 2 months old. Histological analyses demonstrated significant reductions in the number of mature oligodendrocytes and drastic reductions in the expression levels of myelin‐associated mRNAs, such as Mbp and Plp at postnatal day 42. The number of OPCs did not change. A thin myelin layer was observed for large‐diameter axons in Ddx20 cKO mice, based on electron microscopic analysis. A bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling experiment demonstrated that terminal differentiation was perturbed from ages 2 weeks to 7 weeks in the CNS of Mbp‐Cre;Ddx20 cKO mice. The activation of mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase, which promotes myelination, was downregulated in the Ddx20 cKO mice based on immunohistochemical detection. These results indicate that Ddx20 is an essential factor for terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes and maintenance of myelin gene expression.
An Overview of Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Organic Unsymmetrical Disulfides
Authors: Ong Chiu Ling , Titinchi Salam , Juan Joon Ching , Khaligh Nader Ghaffari 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganic unsymmetrical disulfides have been extensively applied in various academic and industrial fields including intermediates in organic synthesis, agriculture, and food science, natural materials, biochemistry, pharmaceutical and medicine chemistry, polymers, material engineering, etc. They play a crucial role in the fabrication of various biological active sulfur heterocycles. Due to broad and extensive applications, many methods have been developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical S−S and efforts have been made to improve some issues such as cost, energy efficiency, green chemistry, avoid or minimizing waste generation. Several outstanding review articles have been previously published highlighting the advances of S−S bond formation, in general, using various reagents under different conditions in the absence or presence of oxidants/catalysts. In 2020, a review paper was published by our group focusing on recent developments since 2014 in the synthesis of organic symmetrical disulfides. However, investigations on new catalytic methods are being regularly reported and new types of unsymmetrical disulfides are synthesized. The present overview has attempted to systematically summarize recent advances in the process of unsymmetrical S−S bond formation with a major focus since 2010, highlighting mechanistic considerations, substrate scope, advantages, and limitations. The patents are not studied in this overview.
Type A/B personality, work–family, and family–work conflict: The moderating effects of emotional intelligence
Authors: Garavan Thomas , Srivastava Shalini , Madan Poornima , O'Brien Fergal , Matthews‐Smith Gerri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany employees experience work–family conflict (WFC) and family–work conflict (FWC), multidimensional states of resource depletion. In this paper, we conceptualize Type A and B personality as resource depletion and resource gain scenarios that have implications for perceptions of WFC and FWC. We draw on conservation of resources (COR) theory to examine the resource loss and gain resulting respectively from Type A and B personality and the resource‐generating role of ability‐based emotional intelligence (EI) on multiple dimensions of WFC and FWC. Utilizing a sample of 305 managers for 15 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) organizations in India, we uncover a fine‐grained pattern of results indicating that Type A personality represents resource loss while Type B personality represents resource gain in the context of time, strain and behavior based WFC and FWC. We also found that ability‐based EI performed restorative and additive resource functions as a moderator in the context of these relationships. The key outcome of the study is that ability‐based EI performs an important role in the context of different types of WFC and FWC because it generates resources to address these conflicts.
A macrophage attack culminating in microthromboses characterizes COVID 19 pneumonia
Authors: Bull Brian S. , Hay Karen L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionA neutrophilic infiltrate characterizes bacterial pneumonia. Macrophage infiltration is similarly characteristic of the viral pneumonia caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. These infiltrating macrophages, while phagocytic and capable of engulfing virus laden alveolar cells, are also rich in tissue factor—a thromboplastin. This prothrombotic aspect likely explains how a respiratory virus whose malign effects should be confined to the oropharynx, bronchi and lungs, can cause a panoply of extra‐pulmonary organ disorders. Elevated ferritin levels in ICU Covid 19 patients, and elevated acute phase proteins suggest immune overreaction. Elevated d‐dimers implicate clotting as well. This evidence links hyperactive innate immunity (macrophage lung infiltrates) with the elevated levels of oligomeric fibrin present in the bloodstream of these patients.MethodsAn in‐house assay measuring oligomeric (soluble) fibrin (also referred to as soluble fibrin monomer complexes or SFMC) in whole blood, previously developed for monitoring incipient disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) during liver transplantation, was made available to COVID ICU attendings. Since SFMC constitutes the input to intravascular fibrin clots and d‐dimer reflects fibrin clot dissolution, it was thought that the two tests, run in tandem along with assays of immune activation, might clarify the frequency and possibly the cause of DIC in patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia.ResultsClassical DIC with intravascular clotting and thrombocytopenia was documented only rarely. However, early in the pandemic shortly after the assay was made available, it identified three patients undergoing acute defibrination. In each patient virtually all of the body's fibrinogen was transformed into SFMC over 3–4 days and deposited somewhere in the vasculature without any gross clots being detected.ConclusionsThree COVID‐19 patients with evidence of a hyperactive immune response (elevated ferritin and acute phase proteins) defibrinated while blood levels of SFMC were being monitored. SFMC levels that were five times higher than normal appeared in the circulation during the defibrination process. SFMC at these levels may precipitate as showers of microclots, damaging heart, kidney, brain, and so forth.
A homogeneous electrochemical aptasensor based on DNA assembly for zearalenone detection
Authors: Qu Chenling , Xin Lingkun , Yu Songcheng , Wei Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, a kind of homogeneous electrochemical aptasensor based on DNA assembly was designed to detect zearalenone (ZEN). The three DNA strands of ZEN aptamer (Apt), complementary strand DNA1, and complementary strand DNA2 are first mixed to form DNA duplex structure, which cannot be cleaved by RecJf Exonuclease (RecJf Exo) and hinders the electron transfer after addition to the electrode surface. With the existence of ZEN, the combination of ZEN and Apt destroys the duplex structure, and RecJf Exo can catalyze the cleavage of Apt to form short DNA strands, which accelerates the electron transfer after addition to the electrode surface. According to the current difference with or without ZEN, the detection purpose is achieved. The linear relationship between I and LgCZEN was found in the range of 5.0 × 10−6 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml, and the detection limit is as low as 0.51 fg/ml. The prepared sensor showed high selectivity, favorable repeatability, and reproducibility and was effectively used for testing the spiked corn flour and beer samples.
Pleural mesothelial cell migration into lung parenchyma by calpain contributes to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhou Li‐Ling , Cheng Pei‐Pei , He Xin‐Liang , Liang Li‐Mei , Wang Meng , Lu Yu‐Zhi , Song Lin‐Jie , Xiong Liang , Xiang Fei , Yu Fan , Wang Xiaorong , Xin Jian‐Bao , Greer Peter A. , Su Yunchao , Ma Wan‐Li , Ye Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is defined as a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. It is unknown why fibrosis in IPF distributes in the peripheral or named sub‐pleural area. Migration of pleural mesothelial cells (PMC) should contribute to sub‐pleural fibrosis. Calpain is known to be involved in cell migration, but the role of calpain in PMC migration has not been investigated. In this study, we found that PMCs migrated into lung parenchyma in patients with IPF. Then using Wt1tm1(EGFP/Cre)Wtp/J knock‐in mice, we observed PMC migration into lung parenchyma in bleomycin‐induced pleural fibrosis models, and calpain inhibitor attenuated pulmonary fibrosis with prevention of PMC migration. In vitro studies revealed that bleomycin and transforming growth factor‐β1 increased calpain activity in PMCs, and activated calpain‐mediated focal adhesion (FA) turnover as well as cell migration, cell proliferation, and collagen‐I synthesis. Furthermore, we determined that calpain cleaved FA kinase in both C‐terminal and N‐terminal regions, which mediated FA turnover. Lastly, the data revealed that activated calpain was also involved in phosphorylation of cofilin‐1, and p‐cofilin‐1 induced PMC migration. Taken together, this study provides evidence that calpain mediates PMC migration into lung parenchyma to promote sub‐pleural fibrosis in IPF.