bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are dietary patterns in early childhood associated with alcohol consumption at the age of 17 years? Analysis of data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective cohort study
Authors: Yorke Katherine , Northstone Kate , Jones Louise R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationship between a posteriori dietary patterns in early childhood and alcohol consumption in adolescence.Design:Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective cohort study. Dietary information was obtained using FFQ at the age of 3 and 7 years. The association between dietary patterns, derived using principal components analysis and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores (to assess harmful intake) and frequency of alcohol consumption at the age of 17 years were examined. Secondary analysis considered sugar intake as a percentage of total energy intake.Setting:Women who gave birth between 1 April 1991 and 31 December 1992 in the Avon area in southwest England were eligible for the ALSPAC cohort study.Participants:Totally, 14 541 pregnancies were enrolled in ALSPAC during its initial recruitment phase. For this analysis, complete data were available for between 3148 and 3520 participants.Results:Adherence to the ‘healthy’ dietary pattern at both 3 and 7 years of age was positively associated with consuming more than one alcoholic drink per week at 17 years of age, whilst adherence to the ‘traditional’ dietary pattern at both ages was protective of harmful alcohol intake at 17 years of age. Sugar intake was not associated with either alcohol outcome after adjustment for ethnicity, maternal level of education, parental social class and maternal AUDIT score.Conclusions:For the population studied, changes to diet in early childhood are unlikely to have an impact on harmful alcohol use in adolescence given the lack of consistency across the results.
Respecting international humanitarian law and safeguarding humanitarian action in counterterrorism measures: United Nations Security Council resolutions 2462 and 2482 point the way
Authors: Weizmann Nathalie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnited Nations, regional and domestic counterterrorism measures have generated a cascade of adverse effects for impartial humanitarian activities in areas where designated groups are present. Certain humanitarian activities, diverted supplies and incidental payments can fall foul of broadly worded counterterrorism regulation proscribing or criminalizing financial and other support to designated groups. Donors to humanitarian organizations set strict conditions and financial institutions decline transactions, hampering impartial humanitarian activities in the very instances in which international humanitarian law (IHL) requires that they be allowed. Recognizing this, United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions 2462 and 2482 adopted in 2019 have spelled out more explicitly than ever before the need for counterterrorism measures to comply with IHL and safeguard impartial humanitarian action in line with IHL. This article sets out those IHL obligations that govern humanitarian and medical activities and the types of safeguards that States have put in place to ensure their counterterrorism measures comply with IHL and allow for these activities. The UNSC's latest steer in resolutions 2462 and 2482 provides a foundation for States’ exclusion of impartial humanitarian and medical activities from the scope of application of their counterterrorism measures. This can be an effective way of averting adverse consequences for these activities where designated entities are present.
New Ocean Subsurface Optical Properties From Space Lidars: CALIOP/CALIPSO and ATLAS/ICESat‐2
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Hu Yongxiang , Yang Yuekui , Neumann Thomas , Omar Ali , Baize Rosemary , Vaughan Mark , Rodier Sharon , Getzewich Brian , Lucker Patricia , Trepte Charles , Hostetler Chris , Winker David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRemote sensing from Earth‐observing satellites is now providing valuable information about ocean phytoplankton distributions. This paper presents the new ocean subsurface optical properties obtained from two space‐based lidars: the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations satellite and the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) aboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite‐2 satellite. Obtaining reliable estimates of subsurface biomass necessitates removing instrument artifacts peculiar to each sensor, that is, polarization crosstalk artifacts in the CALIOP signals and after pulsing effects arising from the ATLAS photodetectors. We validate the optical properties derived from the corrected lidar backscatter signals using MODerate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ocean color measurements and autonomous biogeochemical Argo float profiles. Our results support the continued use of present and future spaceborne lidars to study the global plankton system and characterize its vertical structures in the upper ocean.
Seismic Formation Fluid Pressure Observations Reveal High Anisotropy of Oceanic Crust
Authors: Sun Tianhaozhe , Davis Earl , Heesemann Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFractures and faults in igneous oceanic crust affect hydrothermal circulation and hydration of the oceanic plates. Seismic observations have provided information about lithospheric fabrics, but direct measurements of oceanic crust’s elastic properties were not made. We report determinations of compressibility of the upper igneous crust (of 3.6 Ma) of the Juan de Fuca plate, using observed formation fluid pressure oscillations in sealed boreholes associated with passing surface waves from distant earthquakes. We determine an azimuthal variation of formation‐matrix compressibility by a factor of ∼5, with the crust being most compressible in the plate‐spreading direction across the structural fabric inherited from crustal creation. This is equivalent to a seismic compressional wave speed anisotropy of ∼50%–60%, much greater than that of standard seismic measurements (typically <20%). This likely reflects a previously unresolved degree of fracturing of the uppermost oceanic crust, consistent with existing observations that suggest a high degree of hydraulic permeability anisotropy.
Effect of Water Withdrawal on the Appearance and Sound Level of Waterfalls
Authors: Schalko I. , Boes R. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor rivers or streams with waterfalls, water withdrawal for multiple uses can lead to potential conflicts of interest. The question arises to what extent water withdrawal impairs the appearance and acoustics of waterfalls. A data set was analyzed of 15 waterfalls of different morphological types in Switzerland, Austria, and Norway. It comprises discharge measurements as well as photo imaging and sound level measurements. The variations of waterfall appearance and sound level decreased after reaching a threshold discharge value for all investigated morphological waterfall types. For low discharges, visible and acoustics changes were more significant compared to higher discharges. Acoustics changes were less pronounced than visual changes. The acoustics and visual extent of a water withdrawal can be calculated with a novel assessment equation using a normalized discharge. Based on an impact intensity, which is a function of the extent of the water withdrawal and the nonmonetary waterfall value, the selected residual discharge can be evaluated. In addition, a software tool was developed to enable a sensitivity analysis of the required residual discharge to maintain a certain waterfall appearance.
Kreativität und psychische Störung
Authors: Juckel Georg , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKreativität ist ein wichtiges menschliches Ausdrucksmittel. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Kreativität und psychischer Krankheit wurde immer wieder thematisiert, fand ihren Niederschlag z. B. in der Sammlung Prinzhorn oder in Gugging, wurde aber nur selten systematisch untersucht. Neuere epidemiologische und genetische Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass zwischen bipolaren und schizophrenen Erkrankungen und kreativem Ausdrucksbestreben, d. h. dem Bedürfnis des einzelnen Betroffenen sich literarisch, musikalisch oder künstlerisch auszudrücken, ein engerer Zusammenhang besteht. Daher erscheint es verstärkt sinnvoll zu sein, Patienten insbesondere mit diesen Störungsbildern bzgl. Kunst und künstlerischen Tätigkeiten gezielt anzuregen und zu fördern.
Targeted Removal of Axillary Lymph Nodes After Carbon Marking in Patients with Breast Cancer Treated with Primary Chemotherapy
Authors: Hartmann Steffi , Stachs Angrit , Kühn Thorsten , de Boniface Jana , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Reimer Toralf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn breast cancer patients who have received primary chemotherapy and then no longer have any suspicious lymph nodes clinically and/or on imaging, marking of initially suspicious axillary lymph nodes with targeted removal has recently been discussed and practised both in Germany and internationally as an alternative to complete axillary lymph node dissection. Tattooing of the suspicious lymph nodes with a highly purified carbon suspension is currently being investigated in clinical studies. Compared with other techniques, the advantages of this method are the high rate of intraoperative lymph node detection, avoidance of an immediately preoperative localisation procedure and the low costs. The practical aspects of lymph node tattooing and the current data regarding this method will be described.
AGO Algorithms for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Update 2021
Authors: Schneeweiss Andreas , Fasching Peter A. , Fehm Tanja , Gerber Bernd , Jackisch Christian , Loibl Sibylle , Schmidt Marcus , Stickeler Elmar , Wöckel Achim , Janni Wolfgang , Müller Volkmar ,   on behalf of the AGO Kommission Mamma
Published: October 2021

AbstractTherapy options shown in the algorithms are based on the current AGO recommendations, but cannot represent all evidence-based treatment options, since prior therapies, performance status, comorbidities, patient preference, etc. must be taken into account for the actual treatment choice. In individual cases, other evidence-based treatment options may also be appropriate and justified. Regardless of approval status, the algorithms only take into account drugs that were available in Germany at the time the algorithm was last updated. Here we present the 2021 update of AGO treatment algorithms for early and metastatic breast cancer, which are intended to intensify structured treatment decision by providing reproducible and evidence-based treatment paths and may be helpful for a broad treatment landscape.
Psychotherapeutische Angehörigenarbeit bei Parkinson-Patienten
Authors: Tucha Stefanie , Leplow Bernd 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit diesem Artikel wird die besondere Belastungssituation der Angehörigen von Parkinson-Patienten mit ihren entsprechenden Interaktionsproblemen dargestellt und auf die psychischen bzw. psychosomatischen Folgen eingegangen, die diese sekundär entwickeln können. Des Weiteren werden typische „Angehörigen-Charaktere“ beschrieben und ein Überblick über entsprechende Interventionsmöglichkeiten im Einzel- bzw. Gruppensetting dargestellt. Ein Fallbeispiel sowie die Beschreibung der Situation aus der Sichtweise eines Ehemanns einer Parkinson-Patientin veranschaulichen die Problematik aus der Betroffenenperspektive.
Autonomous Aldosterone Secretion as a Subclinical Form of
Primary Aldosteronism: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance
Authors: Kmieć Piotr , Sworczak Krzysztof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, a substantial prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) has been
demonstrated in both normotensive and mildly hypertensive cohorts. Consequently,
a classic presentation of the syndrome, i. e. moderate-to-severe
and resistant hypertension with concomitant hypokalemia, should be considered a
tip-of-the-iceberg phenotype of a wide PA spectrum. Its entire range encompasses
the non-classic clinical forms of mild hypertension and prehypertension but also
several biochemical presentations, including patients who meet PA screening and
confirmation test criteria, as well as those with either of them and those with
other parameters indicating mineralocorticoid excess. In the current review,
research insights on the pathogenetic background and clinical significance of
autonomous aldosterone secretion (AAS) are presented, which is defined as a
constellation of either: 1) normotension, normokalemia, a positive PA screening
(high aldosterone-to-renin ratio) and/or confirmation test, or 2)
hypertension, normokalemia and a positive PA screening but negative confirmation
test. For this purpose, a literature search of the PubMed database was
conducted. Advances in immunohistochemistry and genetic sequencing of isolated
adrenal cells are provided as probable morphologic basis of the wide range of
aldosterone secretion autonomy. Also, the role of corticotropin as an
aldosterone secretagogue is discussed. To date, clinical studies depict
consequences of subclinical PA phenotypes, such as increased mortality and risk
of developing hypertension, impaired arterial and kidney function, association
with metabolic syndrome and age, as well as osteoporosis.
Tiefe Hirnstimulation beim idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom
Authors: Pfister Robert , Demmel Walter 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIndikationen für die tiefe Hirnstimulation beim idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom sind medikamentös therapieresistenter Tremor oder medikamentös nicht ausreichend beherrschbare Wirkfluktuationen, Dyskinesien und schwere Nebenwirkungen der Medikation. Die sorgfältige präoperative Beratung der Patienten bezüglich der realistischen Therapieziele ist wesentlich für die postoperative Therapiezufriedenheit. Tremor sowie alle Off-Phasen-gebundenen motorischen und nicht motorischen Symptome sind der Therapie der tiefen Hirnstimulation gut zugänglich, dagegen sind Symptome, die präoperativ auch im medikamentösen On persistieren (On-Phasen-Freezing, Gleichgewichtsstörungen), durch die tiefe Hirnstimulation nicht zu bessern. Einige vegetative Symptome (Blasenstörungen, Schlafstörungen) können sich bessern, andere (orthostatische Dysregulation) nicht. In der postoperativen Phase können – meist transiente – psychische Störungen wie Depressivität, erhöhte Impulsivität oder Hypomanie auftreten. Die Wirkung der tiefen Hirnstimulation auf die Zielsymptome Rigor, Tremor und Hypokinese hält an, die Progredienz der neurodegenerativen Erkrankung wird aber nicht aufgehalten.
Geräteunterstützte Therapien bei fortgeschrittenem idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom
Authors: Ceballos-Baumann Andrés 
Published: October 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWirkungsschwankungen der Dopaminersatztherapie gelten als eines der am meisten störende Symptome bei Patienten mit idiopathischem Parkinson-Syndrom (IPS) im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Es besteht Konsens, dass bei Patienten, die Levodopa mehr als 5-mal täglich benötigen und trotz optimaler oraler levodopa- und nicht levodopabasierter oraler/transdermaler Therapien weiterhin schwere, störende Off-Phasen (länger als 1–2 Stunden am Tag) aufweisen, geräteunterstützte Therapien erwogen werden können. 3 Arten von geräteunterstützten Therapien (GUT) stehen zur Verfügung: die subkutane Infusion von Apomorphin, die Infusion in das Jejunum über eine perkutanen endoskopischen Gastrostomie (PEG) eines Levodopa/Carbidopa intestinalen Gels (LCIG) mit oder ohne Entacapon (LECIG) und die tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS). Das Angebot an den äußerlich tragbaren batteriebetriebenen Medikamenten-Pumpen sowie der Systeme für die tiefe Hirnstimulation wird größer. Die Entscheidung, welche der GUT zum Zuge kommt, sollte in einem ausführlichen Abwägungsprozess zusammen mit dem Patienten und seinem Umfeld zustande kommen. Dabei sind die Präferenzen des Patienten und seiner Bezugspersonen sowie Alter, Verlauf des Parkinson-Syndroms, Ausmaß axialer Symptome, Komorbiditäten, neuropsychiatrischer und kognitiver Befund zu berücksichtigen. Die Entscheidungsfindung und die weitere Betreuung sollte idealerweise an Zentren stattfinden, die Erfahrungen in allen GUT haben.
From Court to Couch: Exercise and Quality of Life after Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Pasadyn Selena R. , Roselli Eric E. , Artis Amanda S. , Pasadyn Cassandra L. , Phelan Dermot , Blackstone Eugene H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background Acute Type A aortic dissection can be physically and mentally stressful with little known about survivors' postrepair activity levels, exercise habits, and quality of life (QOL). This study was aimed to describe pre- and postdissection changes regarding exercise, understand physician recommendations, quantify use of cardiac rehabilitation, and assess QOL in dissection survivors.
Methods A total of 295 acute Type A aortic dissection survivors were surveyed about exercise, cardiac rehabilitation, QOL, sexual activity, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with 137 (46%) respondents.
Results Respondents were less likely to participate in competitive athletics after than before dissection (1/131 [0.76%] vs. 26/131 [20%], p [McNemar test] < 0.0001) or lift heavy objects (11/111 [9.9%] vs. 41/111 [37%], p < 0.0001). Forty-eight of 132 respondents (36%) did not participate in cardiac rehabilitation. Compared with general population norms, respondents reported lower median QOL physical component scores (40 [26, 51; 15th, 85th percentile], p < 0.0001); these were lower in respondents who did not exercise (Hodges–Lehmann [HL; 95% confidence interval (CI)]: –6.8 [–11, –2.4], p = 0.002), limited sexual activity (–8.0 [–13, –4.3], p = 0.0002), or screened positive for PTSD (–10 [–14, –5.3], p = 0.0002). Median mental component scores were similar to general population norms (HL [95% CI]: 55 [34, 61], p = 0.24) but were lower among respondents who did not exercise (–4.2 [–7.8, –1.0], p = 0.01), limited sexual activity (–5.5 [–10, –1.8], p = 0.003), or screened positive for PTSD (–16 [–22, –10], p < 0.0001).
Conclusion Physicians should prescribe cardiac rehabilitation, encourage appropriate exercise, promote resumption of sexual activity, and identify and treat PTSD after surgery for acute Type A aortic dissection.
A Retrospective Observational Study of Dicentric (9;12): A Unique, Nonrandom Translocation Defining a Cytogenetic Subgroup with Favorable Outcome in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Shanthala S. , Kavitha B. L. , Kumari Prasanna , Vijay C.R. , Lokanatha D. , Appaji L. , Babu Govind , Premalata C. S. , Ramachandra C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction Cytogenetic abnormalities are integral to the risk stratification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Objectives The present study aimed to highlight a rare, yet nonrandom cytogenetic abnormality notably dicentric (9;12), which was observed in ALL patients who presented to our institute. The study analyzed the frequency, clinicohematological features, and treatment response of these patients.
Materials and Methods A single-group observational study was conducted from April 2014 to April 2020. Cytogenetic analysis was done on bone marrow aspirate samples of the patients referred to the cytogenetics laboratory with clinical diagnosis of acute leukemia. Cytogenetic, clinical, and hematological data were collected from respective departmental records, case files, and patients.
Results Dic(9;12) was identified in 1.2% of ALL (19 out of 1,544 patients). They showed striking preponderance in teen and young adult males with characteristic precursor B cell immunophenotype. Majority of these patients displayed favorable risk profiles such as low total count, mild lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, mild-to-moderate elevation of lactate dehydrogenase, and good response to first induction chemotherapy. Rare coexistence of dic(9;12) with well-established cytogenetic markers such as t(9;22) and t(1;19) was observed.
Conclusion Dic(9;12) is one of the most specific cytogenetic markers of precursor B cell (pre-B) ALL. It defines a subgroup with favorable clinical and biological profile. We suggest inclusion of dic(9;12) in cytogenetic risk stratification of precursor B cell ALL. Long-term follow-up studies are recommended to establish the prognostic significance of this cytogenetic subgroup, which may benefit from less intensive chemotherapy.
Towards the Representation of Network Assets in Health Care Environments Using Ontologies
Authors: Prieto Santamaría Lucía , Fernández Lobón David , Díaz-Honrubia Antonio Jesús , Ruiz Ernestina Menasalvas , Nifakos Sokratis , Rodríguez-González Alejandro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study is to design an ontology model for the representation of assets and its features in distributed health care environments. Allow the interchange of information about these assets through the use of specific vocabularies based on the use of ontologies.
Methods Ontologies are a formal way to represent knowledge by means of triples composed of a subject, a predicate, and an object. Given the sensitivity of network assets in health care institutions, this work by using an ontology-based representation of information complies with the FAIR principles. Federated queries to the ontology systems, allow users to obtain data from multiple sources (i.e., several hospitals belonging to the same public body). Therefore, this representation makes it possible for network administrators in health care institutions to have a clear understanding of possible threats that may emerge in the network.
Results As a result of this work, the “Software Defined Networking Description Language—CUREX Asset Discovery Tool Ontology” (SDNDL-CAO) has been developed. This ontology uses the main concepts in network assets to represent the knowledge extracted from the distributed health care environments: interface, device, port, service, etc.
Conclusion The developed SDNDL-CAO ontology allows to represent the aforementioned knowledge about the distributed health care environments. Network administrators of these institutions will benefit as they will be able to monitor emerging threats in real-time, something critical when managing personal medical information.
Revisiting impulsive stimulated thermal scattering in supercooled liquids: Relaxation of specific heat and thermal expansion
Authors: Gandolfi Marco , Liu Liwang , Zhang Pengfei , Kouyaté Mansour , Salenbien Robbe , Banfi Francesco , Glorieux Christ 
Published: October 2021

Impulsive stimulated thermal scattering (ISTS) allows one to access the structural relaxation dynamics in supercooled molecular liquids on a time scale ranging from nanoseconds to milliseconds. Till now, a heuristic semi-empirical model has been commonly adopted to account for the ISTS signals. This model implicitly assumes that the relaxation of specific heat, C, and thermal expansion coefficient, γ, occur on the same time scale and accounts for them via a single stretched exponential. This work proposes two models that assume disentangled relaxations, respectively, based on the Debye and Havriliak–Negami assumptions for the relaxation spectrum and explicitly accounting for the relaxation of C and γ separately in the ISTS response. A theoretical analysis was conducted to test and compare the disentangled relaxation models against the stretched exponential. The former models were applied to rationalize the experimental ISTS signals acquired on supercooled glycerol. This allows us to simultaneously retrieve the frequency-dependent specific heat and thermal expansion up to the sub-100 MHz frequency range and further to compare the fragility and time scale probed by thermal, mechanical, and dielectric susceptibilities.