bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF DIGITAL TWIN-DRIVEN DESIGN OF AERO-ENGINE STRUCTURES
Authors: Martinsson Julian , Panarotto Massimo , Kokkolaras Michael , Isaksson Ola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the diversity of customer needs increases within the aerospace industry, so does the need for improved design practices to reduce quality issues downstream. When designing new products, design engineers struggle with applying tolerances to features, which often leads to expensive late design iterations. To mitigate this, one aerospace company is looking to reuse tolerance deviation data yielded during manufacturing in design. In the long term these data could provide the basis for a Digital Twin that can be used for improved product development. This article explores how data from production are used today, what issues prevents such data from being exploited in the design phase, and how they potentially could be used for design purposes in the future. To understand the current situation and identify the untapped potential of production data in design, an interview study was conducted in conjunction with a literature review. In this paper the current situation and primary barriers are presented and a possible path for further research and development is suggested.
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF TRANSACTIVE MEMORY SYSTEMS IN TEAM DECISION-MAKING DURING IDEATION PHASE
Authors: Dastmalchi Mohammad Reza , Balakrishnan Bimal , Oprean Danielle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTeam collaboration is a critical necessity of the modern-day engineering design profession. This is no surprise given that teams typically possess more task-relevant skills and knowledge than individuals (Levine & Choi, 2004). Advancements in digital media provide new opportunities for collaboration across the design lifecycle. However, early stages of the design process still pose challenges to digitally mediated design collaboration due to greater representational abstraction and the presence of multiple modalities for design ideation. Usually, design teams spend a substantial amount of time generating a broad set of ideas that can lead them to a wide range of design solutions during the ideation phase. However, sooner or later, teams should narrow down their vision for a final solution. What factors influence team members to eliminate or select an idea? Our study is an attempt to demonstrate some examples of this challenge. By drawing on research in team cognition, particularly the concept of transactive memory system (TMS) we studied a design teams' communication and media use during the ideation phase. The goal was to see if media type and communication modes can predict a team's decisions on selecting and eliminating ideas.
FOSTERING SUSTAINABLE MINDSETS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION
Authors: Kunrath Kamila , Ramanujan Devarajan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTransitioning to a more sustainable society requires that universities produce an increasing number of engineering professionals capable of redesigning current production and consumption systems. This calls for restructuring engineering curricula towards sustainability becoming an integral part of engineering education and professional practice. To this end, this paper investigates the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational aspects of professional identity that contribute to consolidating sustainable mindsets in engineering, considering education as its main route. Specifically, we focus on identifying significant personal and education-related factors that contribute to fostering sustainable decision-making and affect the development of sustainable mindsets in engineering students. In order to identify such factors, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a diverse set of students and professionals (N=12). A thematic analysis of survey transcripts present three main components that support the development of sustainable mindsets throughout engineering education: i) Personal commitment, ii) Learning opportunities, and iii) Internalization time.
GEOMETRY APPLICATION EVOLUTION - FROM RESEARCH TO INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OVER TWO DECADES
Authors: Fuxin Freddy , Edlund Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDigitalisation is making significant inroads into society at the same time as the general commercial trend is to able to personalise the product one acquires. The field of digital product representation, and the techniques for adopting a particular product in accordance with the customer's expectations, have become very important corporate assets. From a company's perspective these assets can be leveraged both for internal efficiency and also for different types of external customer interactions. In this article, the standpoint is that product geometry forms the foundation for digital product representation. It is from this perspective that the geometrical ecosystem comes into focus. Geometry creation and geometry consumption, in combination with geometrical configuration management, are high-value areas that must be mastered. A research-based 20-year industrial perspective building up such capabilities serves as an example. The article concludes with a forward-looking perspective on potential areas for continued exploration on this journey.
AN EVALUATION METHOD FOR BUSINESS MODELS IN PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS DESIGN
Authors: Oh Sanghyun , Hong Yoo S. , Lee Jihwan , Kim Yong Se 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo pursue business innovation with PSS, many different PSS concepts are designed and evaluated. Various business models of a PSS design concept are devised and evaluated as well. Evaluation of the economic sustainability of PSS business models is critical. This paper presents a systematic method to evaluate the economic sustainability of PSS business models using a system dynamics modelling template. System dynamics modelling task is challenging for practitioners due to the variety of variables comprising business model strategies and their complex interrelationships. To enable the modelling task, a system dynamics modelling template composed of six modules of customer acquisition, channel acquisition, profit creation, resource acquisition, PSS provision, and partnership pattern has been devised. The PSS business model evaluation method has been illustrated using a smart study experience management service system design case to demonstrate the proposed system dynamics modelling template can reflect the case-specific business model which consists of the particular business model strategies.
HOW DESIGNERS STRATEGICALLY MANAGE PRODUCT PORTFOLIOS
Authors: Andersson Torbjörn , Ölvander Johan , Wever Renee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe continuous management of a manufacturing company's product portfolio is a key aspect of successful product development. Managers determine when and which products should be updated or terminated. This process influences inhouse Industrial design teams, thus prompting a range of development strategies they might deploy. In product portfolio management there is a tension between standardisation and customisation. From a marketing perspective this is may be addressed through brand DNA, from engineering through modularization. The design perspective (merging those two) has been ill-explored, particularly from professional designers. Previously we proposed a theoretical model describing different industrial design projects and how they influence industrial designers strategic thinking. It was developed through literature reviews and examples found in manufacturing industry. Through a multi-case interview study with 16 participants from five manufacturing companies with strong brands, this article aims to empirically evaluate the proposed model. The results show that the respondents could describe all but one industrial design projects, the cause maybe that they had not been exposed to saving a company by doing a total makeover.
HOW INDUSTRY 4.0 RESHAPES THE WORLD: RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON COMPLEX GRAPH NETWORK ANALYSIS
Authors: Zhou Rongyan , Stal-Le Cardinal Julie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndustry 4.0 is a great opportunity and a tremendous challenge for every role of society. Our study combines complex network and qualitative methods to analyze the Industry 4.0 macroeconomic issues and global supply chain, which enriches the qualitative analysis and machine learning in macroscopic and strategic research. Unsupervised complex graph network models are used to explore how industry 4.0 reshapes the world. Based on the in-degree and out-degree of the weighted and unweighted edges of each node, combined with the grouping results based on unsupervised learning, our study shows that the cooperation groups of Industry 4.0 are different from the previous traditional alliances. Macroeconomics issues also are studied. Finally, strong cohesive groups and recommendations for businessmen and policymakers are proposed.
HOW SHOULD PLASTIC RECYCLATES LOOK LIKE TO BE PERCEIVED AS SUSTAINABLE: A FIRST EXPLORATION
Authors: Du Bois Els , Veelaert Lore , Tormans Emiel , Moons Ingrid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNotwithstanding the positive environmental impact of recycled plastics, they are only scarcely used in new designs due to unfamiliarity and lack of material identities. This research aims to touch upon the sensorial attributes that characterise the sustainable perception of recycled plastics. Understanding this would allow to respond to the new trend of sustainable living by offering recycled materials that are successfully perceived as sustainable, and that could support the identity building of each specific recycled plastic material. Three research activities were executed to explore (i) the designerly understanding of sustainable perceived plastics; (ii) the consumer understanding of sensorial material attributes that influence the sustainable perception; (iii) the understanding of these attributes towards recycled plastic materials. Five variables were found that interfere with the perception of the participants: A weaker colour intensity, the use of colourless colours, a rougher texture, a speckled structure and the usage of a matte gloss can give a sustainable look towards a sustainable plastic material. Further research should detail these variables, its limitations and try to make defined guidelines to avoid greenwashing.
HOW THE CO-CREATIVE PROCESS AFFECTS CONCEPT FORMATION
Authors: Matsumae Akane , Raharja Ferdi Trihadi , Ehkirch Quentin , Nagai Yukari 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe importance of forming concepts in one's mind has been argued from various perspectives in design studies. This experimental study examines how the co-creative process affects concept formation considering its depth.The authors conducted a learning experiment applying three processes; non-interactive (NI), interactive but non-co-creative (NC), and interactive and co-creative processes (C). To evaluate whether and how deep the concept is formed in the examinee's mind, mimetic Japanese words, which contain several different explicit concepts underlying a certain integrated implicit concept, were chosen as learning materials. The examinees without any knowledge about mimetic Japanese words were gathered globally and the experiment was conducted fully online using English. Examinees were tested several times to measure how they had formed these concepts for comparing the processes.The findings suggest that the co-creative process enhances the depth of concept formation: involvement load and willingness to participate in the co-creative process lead to deeper concept formation.
IDENTIFYING THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE REPLICABILITY OF OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE DESIGNS
Authors: Antoniou Rafaella , Pinquié Romain , Boujut Jean-François , Ezoji Amer , Dekoninck Elies 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOpen-source hardware (OSH) development is a new design paradigm from a commercial perspective. Openly sharing designs of technical products is a step towards democratising access to new technologies for the benefit of individuals and communities in society. At the core of the open-source hardware definition lies the freedom for anyone to replicate the hardware based on the design. Thus, enabling this freedom is a step towards developing a successful OSH. Previous research supposes that a bill of materials and assembly instructions are enough for this. In this study, we question this assumption and investigate what other factors may influence replicability of an OSH. Using data from a survey and interviews with OSH practitioners, we identify and describe these factors, which relate to the documentation, the design and the context of the person replicating the hardware. Using these insights, we present a diagram of the replication process along with questions the person replicating the hardware would ask to check whether an OSH is replicable. Finally, we synthesise this information into practical advice for OSH projects to increase the replicability of the designs they produce, and thus the likelihood of their project's success.
INFLUENCE OF SPECIFICATIONS ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM OF GEOMETRICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS (GPS) ON SCRAP IN TECHNICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Gust Peter , Sersch Alina , Kuhlmeier Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe success of a company is directly linked to its economic objectives. One of the elementary objectives is to maximize profit by reducing the company's own costs in order to increase competitiveness in the market. State of the art is the function-oriented and unambiguous technical specification through the application of Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS). Linking costs related to the GPS system is currently only possible to a limited extent. This contribution presents an approach to quantify costs based on statistical tolerance analysis. The application is intended to determine the impact of a GPS-compliant specification in direct comparison to a non-compliant technical drawing by analyzing scrap rates. In this way, an assessment of the changes associated with the consistent application of the GPS system should be achieved. The results of the study show that a comparison is only possible to a certain degree due to the different characteristics. Based on this finding, an extended evaluation methodology is described.
INTRODUCING MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION TO GRADUATE LEVEL ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Authors: Papageorgiou Athanasios , Wiberg Anton , Persson Johan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) is a method that has shown many promising results in the development of complex engineered products. To this date, research on MDO has been extensive, but at the same time, very few publications have addressed the aspect of how it can be taught to students and young professionals. In this light, this paper aims to present the experiences of the authors in respect to the development and management of an MDO course at Linköping University. First, this work will describe the authors' teaching approaches, and in particular, it will present the various educational activities that have been considered over the years as well as the lessons learnt. Secondly, this work will attempt to investigate how students perceive a set of common MDO concepts, and more specifically, it will present an analysis based on the results of two surveys that took place in 2016 and 2020, respectively. Given the above foundation, this paper will try to establish guidelines regarding the activities which are suitable for teaching each concept, while finally, it will also touch upon the challenges as well as the solutions for adjusting an MDO course to a distance learning mode.
ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SENTIMENT ON PRODUCT FEATURES AFTER THE OUTBREAK OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) BASED ON ONLINE REVIEWS
Authors: Kim Jinju , Park Seyoung , Kim Harrison 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of the coronavirus disease not only caused many deaths worldwide but also severely affected the development of the global economy, such as supply chain disruptions, plummeted demand, unemployment, etc. These social changes have led to changes in customers' purchasing patterns. Therefore, it is more important than ever for manufacturers to quickly identify and respond to changing customer purchasing patterns and requirements. However, few studies have been done on dynamic changes in customer preferences for product features following COVID-19 spread. This study aims to investigate the dynamic change of customer sentiment on product features following COVID-19 through sentiment analysis based on online reviews. The proposed methodology consists of two main processes: feature extraction and sentiment analysis. After finding a specific feature of the product through feature extraction, the words used to mention the feature in the review were analyzed for sentiment analysis of customers. To demonstrate the methodology, a case study is conducted using new and refurbished smartphone reviews to investigate the dynamic changes in customer sentiment during COVID-19.
ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH AN INDUSTRY LENS
Authors: Mactaggart Ivan Mervyn , Eckert Claudia , Lockett Helen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is an inherent tension between functional descriptions of products and structural descriptions. Traditionally system architecture combine the two, by mapping system elements to functions. In this process fundamental decisions about the embodiment of a product are often taken without proper scrutiny. Axiomatic design advocates a zigzag between functional decomposition and system break down. While this approach makes sense for ab initio design these are rare and most products are developed incrementally., This paper takes up the idea of a functional reference architecture.Conventional functional modelling advocates a hierarchical decomposition into sub function. By contrast FRAs decompose function into function chain, i.e., dependent sequences of sub function required to carry out an overall function. This allows the identification of common sub-functions in different chains, and thereby generates a lattice structure of functions rather than a tree. This enables a detailed but solution neutral description of the product.This concept has attracted interest in industry but does not have many tools and methods to develop FRA. The paper discusses some of the areas that require research
MODELING AND PRODUCTIVITY PREDICTION OF THE COMPANIES-INTERNAL CROWDSOURCING-BASED IDEATION
Authors: Livotov Pavel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe internal crowdsourcing-based ideation within a company can be defined as an involvement of its staff, specialists, managers, and other employees, to propose solution ideas for a pre-defined problem. This paper addresses a question, how many participants of the company-internal ideation process are required to nearly reach the ideation limit for the problems with a finite number of workable solutions. To answer the research question, the author proposes a set of metrics and a non-linear ideation performance function with a positive decreasing slope and ideation limit for the closed-ended problems. Three series of experiments helped to explore relationships between the metric attributes and resulted in a mathematical model which allows companies to predict the productivity metrics of their crowdsourcing ideation activities such as quantity of different ideas and ideation limit as a function of the number of contributors, their average personal creativity and ideation efficiency of a contributors’ group.
MODELLING AND PROFILING STUDENT DESIGNERS’ COGNITIVE COMPETENCIES IN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
Authors: Clay John , Li Xingang , Rahman Molla Hafizur , Zabelina Darya , Xie Charles , Sha Zhenghui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere are three approaches to studying designers – through their cognitive profile, design behaviors, and design artifacts (e.g., quality). However, past work has rarely considered all three data domains together. Here we introduce and describe a framework for a comprehensive approach to engineering design, and discuss how the insights may benefit engineering design research and education. To demonstrate the proposed framework, we conducted an empirical study with a solar energy system design problem. Forty-six engineering students engaged in a week-long computer-aided design challenge that assessed their design behavior and artifacts, and completed a set of psychological tests to measure cognitive competencies. Using a machine learning approach consisting of k-means, hierarchical, and spectral clustering, designers were grouped by similarities on the psychological tests. Significant differences were revealed between designer groups in their sequential design behavior, suggesting that a designer's cognitive profile is related to how they engage in the design process.
MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT AND PROCESS SELECTION MODEL FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN THE CONCEPTUAL PHASE OF DESIGN
Authors: Tavcar Joze , Nordin Axel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM), which was first applied for rapid prototyping, is now becoming a real option for small-batch production of final products. Further expansion of AM is closely correlated to production costs. AM can only become competitive to traditional manufacturing methods if a product is designed for AM already from the beginning as it is an expensive technology that should only be applied if it adds enough value to the product. The aim of this paper is to increase cost awareness in the conceptual design phase and to support product developers in doing AM cost estimation and process selection. The proposed model integrates design for AM and costs calculation. The input data to the process is preliminary design and design requirements. The main contribution of this paper is the multi-criteria AM function, which enables concurrent consideration of different technical and economical criteria. The multi-criteria AM function helps to compare how AM processing and product design parameters influence the product cost. The holistic overview of different options increases the solution space and enables product optimization in several iterations.
NOVICE DESIGNERS' USE OF PROTOTYPES AS COMMUNICATION TOOLS
Authors: Krishnakumar Sandeep , Lauff Carlye , McComb Christopher , Berdanier Catherine , Menold Jessica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrototypes are critical design artifacts, and recent studies have established the ability of prototypes to facilitate communication. However, prior work suggests that novice designers often fail to perceive prototypes as effective communication tools, and struggle to rationalize design decisions made during prototyping tasks. To understand the interactions between communication and prototypes, design pitches from 40 undergraduate engineering design teams were collected and qualitatively analysed. Our findings suggest that students used prototypes to explain and persuade, aligning with prior studies of design practitioners. The results also suggest that students tend to use prototypes to justify design decisions and adverse outcomes. Future work will seek to understand novice designers’ use of prototypes as communication tools in further depth. Ultimately, this work will inform the creation of pedagogical strategies to provide students with the skills needed to effectively communicate design solutions and intent.