bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salmon bias effect as hypothesis of the lower mortality rates among immigrants in Italy
Authors: Di Napoli Anteo , Rossi Alessandra , Alicandro Gianfranco , Ventura Martina , Frova Luisa , Petrelli Alessio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCompared with natives, immigrants have lower all-cause mortality rates, despite their lower socioeconomic status, an epidemiological paradox generally explained by the healthy migrant effect. Another hypothesis is the so-called salmon bias effect: “statistically immortal” subjects return to their country of origin when they expect to die shortly, but their deaths are not registered in the statistics of the country of residence. This underestimation of deaths determines an artificially low immigrant mortality rate. We aimed to estimate the potential salmon bias effect on differences in mortality rates between Italians and immigrants. We used a national cohort of all Italians registered in the 2011 census and followed up for mortality from 2012 to 2016. Mortality data were retrieved from the Causes of Death Register, which included all deaths occurring in the country and the Resident Population Register, which collects also the deaths occurring abroad. We assumed as a possible salmon bias event the death of an immigrant resident in Italy that died in his/her country of origin. Considering the deaths occurring in the country of origin, we observed an 18.1% increase in the overall mortality rates for immigrants and an increase of 23.7% in the age-standardized mortality rate. Mortality rates of immigrants resident in Italy, calculated without taking into account the deaths occurring in the country of origin, are certainly underestimated. However, the salmon bias only partly explains the difference in mortality rates between immigrants and Italians.
Magnetic, electrical and mechanical properties of Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 high entropy alloy
Authors: Egilmez M. , Abuzaid W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA prototypical, single-phase, and non-equiatomic high entropy alloy Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 has been mechanically deformed at room and cryogenic temperatures. Plastic deformation was accommodated via crystallographic slip at room temperature while transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) has been observed in samples deformed at 77 K. The stress-induced martensitic transformation occurred from face-centered cubic (FCC) to hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures. A detailed electron backscatter diffraction analysis was utilized to detect phase change and evaluate the evolution of the HCP phase volume fraction as a function of plastic strain. Physical properties of undeformed and deformed samples were measured to elucidate the effect of deformation-induced phase transitions on the magnetic and electrical properties of Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 alloy. Relatively small magnetic moments along with non-saturating magnetic field dependencies suggest that the ground state in the considered material is ferrimagnetic ordering with coexisting antiferromagnetic phase. The temperature evolution of the coercive fields has been revealed for all samples. The magnitudes of the coercive fields place the considered system into the semi-hard magnetic alloys category. The temperature dependence of the zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization was measured for all samples in the low field regime and the origin of irreversibility in ZFC/FC curves was discussed. Besides, the temperature dependence of the resistivity in all samples was measured and the possible conduction mechanisms were discussed.
Characterization of combined linagliptin and Y2R agonist treatment in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Hansen Henrik H. , Grønlund Rikke V. , Baader-Pagler Tamara , Haebel Peter , Tammen Harald , Larsen Leif Kongskov , Jelsing Jacob , Vrang Niels , Klein Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors improve glycemic control by prolonging the action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In contrast to GLP-1 analogues, DPP-IV inhibitors are weight-neutral. DPP-IV cleavage of PYY and NPY gives rise to PYY3-36 and NPY3-36 which exert potent anorectic action by stimulating Y2 receptor (Y2R) function. This invites the possibility that DPP-IV inhibitors could be weight-neutral by preventing conversion of PYY/NPY to Y2R-selective peptide agonists. We therefore investigated whether co-administration of an Y2R-selective agonist could unmask potential weight lowering effects of the DDP-IV inhibitor linagliptin. Male diet-induced obese (DIO) mice received once daily subcutaneous treatment with linagliptin (3 mg/kg), a Y2R-selective PYY3-36 analogue (3 or 30 nmol/kg) or combination therapy for 14 days. While linagliptin promoted marginal weight loss without influencing food intake, the PYY3-36 analogue induced significant weight loss and transient suppression of food intake. Both compounds significantly improved oral glucose tolerance. Because combination treatment did not further improve weight loss and glucose tolerance in DIO mice, this suggests that potential negative modulatory effects of DPP-IV inhibitors on endogenous Y2R peptide agonist activity is likely insufficient to influence weight homeostasis. Weight-neutrality of DPP-IV inhibitors may therefore not be explained by counter-regulatory effects on PYY/NPY responses.
Identification of novel autophagy-related lncRNAs associated with a poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma through bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wu Dejun , Yin Zhenhua , Ji Yisheng , Li Lin , Li Yunxin , Meng Fanqiang , Ren Xiaohan , Xu Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLncRNAs play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and development. However, the potential involvement of lncRNAs in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) needs to be further explored. All the data used in this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and all analyses were conducted using R software. Basing on the seven prognosis-related lncRNAs finally selected, we developed a prognosis-predicting model with powerful effectiveness (training cohort, 1 year: AUC = 0.70, 95% Cl = 0.57–0.78; 3 years: AUC = 0.71, 95% Cl = 0.6–0.8; 5 years: AUC = 0.76, 95% Cl = 0.66–0.87; validation cohort, 1 year: AUC = 0.70, 95% Cl = 0.58–0.8; 3 years: AUC = 0.73, 95% Cl = 0.63–0.82; 5 years: AUC = 0.68, 95% Cl = 0.5–0.85). The VEGF and Notch pathway were analyzed through GSEA analysis, and low immune and stromal scores were found in high-risk patients (immune score, cor =  − 0.15, P < 0.001; stromal score, cor =  − 0.18, P < 0.001) , which may partially explain the poor prognosis of patients in the high-risk group. We screened lncRNAs that are significantly associated with the survival of patients with COAD and possibly participate in autophagy regulation. This study may provide direction for future research.
The mathematics of multiple lockdowns
Authors: Scala Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile vaccination is the optimal response to an epidemic, recent events have obliged us to explore new strategies for containing worldwide epidemics, like lockdown strategies, where the contacts among the population are strongly reduced in order to slow down the propagation of the infection. By analyzing a classical epidemic model, we explore the impact of lockdown strategies on the evolution of an epidemic. We show that repeated lockdowns have a beneficial effect, reducing the final size of the infection, and that they represent a possible support strategy to vaccination policies.
Predictive factors of continuous negative extrathoracic pressure management failure in children with moderate to severe respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Ishimori Shingo , Okizuka Yo , Onishi Satoshi , Shinomoto Tadashi , Minami Hirotaka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContinuous negative extrathoracic pressure (CNEP) might be beneficial for children with severe respiratory tract infections. However, there are no available data on the predictors of its failure among individuals with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Here, we conducted a retrospective cohort study between October 1, 2015 and October 31, 2018 in hospitalized children with moderate to severe symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. We divided 45 children requiring CNEP ventilation with a non-fluctuating negative pressure of − 12 cm H2O into two groups. They were classified based on improvement or deterioration of their respiratory disorder under CNEP ventilation (responder group: n = 27, failure group: n = 18). Based on the univariate analysis, the responder and failure groups significantly differed in terms of median age, days elapsed from RSV onset to the initiation of CNEP, white blood cell count (WBC), titer of venous pCO2, body temperature at admission, and modified Wood-Downes Score (mWDS) 6 h after initiating CNEP. Based on a logistic regression analysis adjusted for age < 1 year upon admission, less than 5 days elapsed from RSV onset to the initiation of CNEP, not high value of WBC and body temperature at admission, and high values of mWDS 6 h after initiating CNEP were found to be significant independent risk factors for CNEP ventilation failure. The former two variables were associated with less failure (odds ratio was approximately 5), and the latter two variables are associated with more failure (odds ratio was approximately 8–9). Thus, CNEP could be a valid option for children with moderate to severe RSV infections, especially in those who were aged > 1 year, and specific clinical and laboratory findings.
Comparisons in temperature and photoperiodic-dependent diapause induction between domestic and wild mulberry silkworms
Authors: Yokoyama Takeshi , Saito Shigeru , Shimoda Misato , Kobayashi Masakazu , Takasu Yoko , Sezutsu Hideki , Kato Yoshiomi , Tominaga Makoto , Mizoguchi Akira , Shiomi Kunihiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe bivoltine strain of the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, has two generations per year. It shows a facultative diapause phenotype determined by environmental conditions, including photoperiod and temperature, and nutrient conditions during embryonic and larval development of the mother. However, it remains unclear how the environmental signals received during development are selectively utilized as cues to determine alternative diapause phenotypes. We performed a comparative analysis between the Kosetsu strain of B. mori and a Japanese population of the wild mulberry silkworm B. mandarina concerning the hierarchical molecular mechanisms in diapause induction. Our results showed that for the Kosetsu, temperature signals during the mother’s embryonic development predominantly affected diapause determination through the thermosensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and diapause hormone (DH) signaling pathways. However, embryonic diapause in B. mandarina was photoperiod-dependent, although the DH signaling pathway and thermal sensitivity of TRPA1 were conserved within both species. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that TRPA1-activated signals are strongly linked to the signaling pathway participating in diapause induction in Kosetsu to selectively utilize the temperature information as the cue because temperature-dependent induction was replaced by photoperiodic induction in the TRPA1 knockout mutant.
Incidence and risk factors of VTE in patients with cervical cancer using the Korean national health insurance data
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung , Lee Banghyun , Kim Myoung Hwan , Kim Kidong , Seo Yong-Soo , Hwang Sung Ook , Cho Yong Kyoon , Kim Yong Beom 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigated incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cervical cancer. We selected 49,514 patients newly diagnosed with cervical cancer from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service databases. During the total follow-up period and first 6 months after initiation of primary treatments, incidence of VTE, and association of risk factors with VTE occurrence were evaluated according to primary treatments or no treatment, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. VTE occurred in 1.15% of patients with cervical cancer. Regardless of the period after initiation of primary treatments, and of VTE, the incidence of thromboembolism was highest in chemotherapy. During the first 12 months, monthly incidence of VTE was highest in chemotherapy and decreased with time in all primary treatments. Compared with no treatment, VTE risk significantly increased for all primary treatments (surgery: HR 1.492; 95% CI 1.186–1.877) (radiotherapy: HR 2.275; 95% CI 1.813–2.855) (chemotherapy: HR 4.378; 95% CI 3.095–6.193) and for chemotherapy during the first 6 months (HR 3.394; 95% CI 2.062–5.588). In this cohort study, incidence and risk of VTE in patients with cervical cancer were the highest when chemotherapy was the primary cancer treatment, and incidence of VTE decreased with time.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker in sepsis: meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Toldi Janos , Nemeth David , Hegyi Peter , Molnar Zsolt , Solymar Margit , Farkas Nelli , Alizadeh Hussain , Rumbus Zoltan , Pakai Eszter , Garami Andras 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hunt for useful sepsis biomarkers is ongoing. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was implicated as a biomarker in sepsis, but its diagnostic and prognostic value has remained unclear in human studies. Here, we aimed at clarifying the value of MIF as a sepsis biomarker with the meta-analysis of clinical trials. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched until December 2019. From the included studies, blood MIF levels and indicators of disease severity were extracted in septic and control patient groups. Twenty-one eligible studies were identified, including data from 1876 subjects (of which 1206 had sepsis). In the septic patients, blood MIF levels were significantly higher than in healthy controls with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.47 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.96–1.97; p < 0.001) and also higher than in patient groups with nonseptic systemic inflammation (SMD = 0.94; CI: 0.51–1.38; p < 0.001). Markedly greater elevation in blood MIF level was found in the more severe forms of sepsis and in nonsurvivors than in less severe forms and in survivors with SMDs of 0.84 (CI: 0.45–1.24) and 0.75 (CI: 0.40–1.11), respectively (p < 0.001 for both). In conclusion, blood MIF level is more elevated in systemic inflammation caused by infection (i.e., sepsis) compared to noninfectious causes. In more severe forms of sepsis, including fatal outcome, MIF levels are higher than in less severe forms. These results suggest that MIF can be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in sepsis given that well-designed clinical trials validate our findings.
Pattern of inflammatory immune response determines the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19: unbiased clustering analysis
Authors: Lee Eunyoung Emily , Song Kyoung-Ho , Hwang Woochang , Ham Sin Young , Jeong Hyeonju , Kim Jeong-Han , Oh Hong Sang , Kang Yu Min , Lee Eun Bong , Kim Nam Joong , Chin Bum Sik , Park Jin Kyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to identify distinct patterns in inflammatory immune responses of COVID-19 patients and to investigate their association with clinical course and outcome. Data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrieved from electronic medical record. Supervised k-means clustering of serial C-reactive protein levels (CRP), absolute neutrophil counts (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) was used to assign immune responses to one of three groups. Then, relationships between patterns of inflammatory responses and clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 were assessed in a discovery and validation cohort. Unbiased clustering analysis grouped 105 patients of a discovery cohort into three distinct clusters. Cluster 1 (hyper-inflammatory immune response) was characterized by high CRP levels, high ANC, and low ALC, whereas Cluster 3 (hypo-inflammatory immune response) was associated with low CRP levels and normal ANC and ALC. Cluster 2 showed an intermediate pattern. All patients in Cluster 1 required oxygen support whilst 61% patients in Cluster 2 and no patient in Cluster 3 required supplementary oxygen. Two (13.3%) patients in Cluster 1 died, whereas no patient in Clusters 2 and 3 died. The results were confirmed in an independent validation cohort of 116 patients. We identified three different patterns of inflammatory immune response to COVID-19. Hyper-inflammatory immune responses with elevated CRP, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia are associated with a severe disease and a worse outcome. Therefore, targeting the hyper-inflammatory response might improve the clinical outcome of COVID-19.
A broad-range variable-temperature solid state NMR spectral and relaxation investigation of the water state in Nafion 117
Authors: Cheng Ren-Hao , Cai Honghao , Huang Yu-Ren , Cui Xiaohong , Chen Zhong , Chen Hsuan-Ying , Ding Shangwu 
Published: April 2021

Variable temperature solid state NMR shows that ice formation inside Nafion is a gradual process, liquid water remains even at −70 °C, freezing starts from the pore center and the size of ice depends on the type of the cation and sulfonate rotation.
The active centaur 2020 MK4
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. , Licandro J. , Serra-Ricart M. , Martino S. , de León J. , Chaudry F. , Alarcón M. R. 
Published: April 2021

Context. Centaurs go around the Sun between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune. Only a fraction of the known centaurs have been found to display comet-like features. Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 is the most remarkable active centaur. It orbits the Sun just beyond Jupiter in a nearly circular path. Only a handful of known objects follow similar trajectories.
Aims. We present photometric observations of 2020 MK4, a recently found centaur with an orbit not too different from that of 29P, and we perform a preliminary exploration of its dynamical evolution.
Methods. We analyzed broadband Cousins R and Sloan g′, r′, and i′ images of 2020 MK4 acquired with the Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope and the IAC80 telescope to search for cometary-like activity and to derive its surface colors and size. Its orbital evolution was studied using direct N-body simulations.
Results. Centaur 2020 MK4 is neutral-gray in color and has a faint, compact cometary-like coma. The values of its color indexes, (g′− r′) = 0.42 ± 0.04 and (r′− i′) = 0.17 ± 0.04, are similar to the solar ones. A lower limit for the absolute magnitude of the nucleus is Hg = 11.30 ± 0.03 mag which, for an albedo in the range of 0.1–0.04, gives an upper limit for its size in the interval (23, 37) km. Its orbital evolution is very chaotic and 2020 MK4 may be ejected from the Solar System during the next 200 kyr. Comet 29P experienced relatively close flybys with 2020 MK4 in the past, sometimes when they were temporary Jovian satellites.
Conclusions. Based on the analysis of visible CCD images of 2020 MK4, we confirm the presence of a coma of material around a central nucleus. Its surface colors place this centaur among the most extreme members of the gray group. Although the past, present, and future dynamical evolution of 2020 MK4 resembles that of 29P, more data are required to confirm or reject a possible connection between the two objects and perhaps others.
Semi-analytical approach to retrieve the chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient in non-turbid waters: preliminary application to Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data
Authors: Shi Liangliang , Mao Zhihua , Zhang Yiwei 
Published: April 2021

Based on the NASA Bio-Optical Marine Algorithm Dataset and in situ datasets collected from the East China Sea and Lake Qiandaohu, a novel approach was developed to analytically retrieve the absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (aCDOM) in non-turbid waters. This approach comprised two parts: (1) a green–red band quasi-analytical algorithm, used to accurately derive the total absorption coefficient (a); and (2) the use of the retrievals from (1) are to semi-analytically retrieve aCDOM. This approach for partitioning aCDOM from a was based on the blue band line height at 443 nm, LH(443), which uses the summed absorption coefficients of phytoplankton and CDOM (aphc) at three characteristic wavelengths (412, 443 and 490 nm). This proposed algorithm was then tested and validated using the three datasets. The algorithm was found to perform reasonably well in retrieving aCDOM, with respective mean R2 and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 0.84 and 42.8%, compared with 0.64 and 72.9% for the empirical model and 0.40 and 66.2% for the extended quasi-analytical algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm was able to retrieve aCDOM from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) satellite data. One implication for the MERIS satellite data, which exhibit reasonable seasonal variability over the East China Sea, is that it can be used to explore biogeochemical effects on aquatic environments.
“More languages means more lights in your house”
Authors: Davis Stephen , Ballinger Susan , Sarkar Mela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFrench immersion programs throughout Canada have historically consisted of predominantly Anglophone populations pursuing bilingualism in the country’s two official languages, English and French. Nevertheless, recent developments in immigration and refugee resettlement have contributed to increasingly diverse student backgrounds nationwide (Statistics Canada, 2014). Researchers have explored the motivation for Allophone families to pursue FSL in Canada (Dagenais & Berron, 2001;Dagenais & Jacquet, 2000;Mady, 2010); the language proficiency of Allophone learners in FSL programs (Bérubé & Marinova-Todd, 2012;Carr, 2007;Mady, 2015); and the perspectives of FSL educators with respect to such learners (Mady, 2016;Mady & Masson, 2018;Roy, 2015). The present study draws from interview data to explore and compare the experiences and perspectives of seven Allophone parents and 43 FI educators in Saskatchewan. In the present article, we examine the perspectives of FI educators, the experiences of Allophone families, and the implications for immersion programs worldwide.
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus.
Authors: Hammond John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

PlAMV was first described from the wild/weedy plant Plantago asiatica in the Russian Far East, and a Nandina mosaic isolate from cultivated Nandina domestica in the USA. PlAMV also naturally infects P. asiatica and Rehmannia glutinosa in the Republic of Korea, and N. domestica, Primula sieboldii, Lilium maximowiczii [Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii] and Viola grypoceras in Japan. PlAMV has also been detected in commercially grown lilies in the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe, Taiwan, the USA, Republic of Korea, Chile, China, New Zealand, India and Costa Rica. Japanese lily isolates are distinct from 'European-like' lily isolates, suggesting more than one introduction into lilies. Widespread occurrence in cultivated lilies is likely due to international distribution of infected bulbs. Losses of up to 80% have been reported in commercial greenhouse cut-flower production. PlAMV is able to spread readily through soil by uptake (and probably exudation) through the roots and is quite stable in contaminated planting media; no animal vector is known. PlAMV has a wide experimental host range.
Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly).
Authors: Norrbom Allen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. ludens has a broad host range and is a major pest, especially of citrus and mango (Mangifera indica) in most parts of its range. This species and Anastrepha obliqua are the most important pest species of Anastrepha in Central America and Mexico. It occurs in subtropical areas as far north as southern Texas, thus it may be more of a threat of introduction to other subtropical areas of the world than other species of Anastrepha. It is invasive at least in Panama and has been trapped in California, USA. It is considered an A1 quarantine pest by EPPO.