bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Car reliability analysis based on periodic technical tests
Authors: Dziedziak Paweł , Szczepański Tomasz , Niewczas Andrzej , Ślęzak Marcin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of the analysis of data from 500 vehicle control stations concerning periodic tests of passenger cars in the number of 2 million. Based on the collected data, a database of vehicles has been prepared to cover technical information, such as model, mass, engine capacity and maximum power. This information has been summarized with the exploitation data such as age of the car, distance traveled, the area in which the vehicle was most frequently used, the use for business or private purposes, and intensity of operation that was measured by the ratio of kilometers traveled to the age of the car. This information constituted a set of factors affecting the reliability of the car. Information about reliability itself was the results of control tests, including occurring defects and their significance. The occurring defects were codified, which allowed their allocation to particular categories describing car systems, such as steering, braking and driving. While the significance of the fault resulted from the test result: positive (minor defects) or negative (important defects). This article presents a factor and the correlation analysis of the database, which assesses which construction and operating factors have a significant impact on damages occurring in individual car systems.
A review on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing: Filament processing, materials, and printing parameters
Authors: Kristiawan Ruben Bayu , Imaduddin Fitrian , Ariawan Dody , Ubaidillah  , Arifin Zainal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to review research the progress on factors that affect the 3D printing results of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. The review is carried out by mapping critical parameters and characteristics determining FDM parameters, the effects of each parameter, and their interaction with other parameters. The study started from the filament manufacturing process, filament material types, and printing parameters of FDM techniques. The difference in each section has determined different parameters, and the respective relationships between parameters and other determinants during printing have a significant effect on printing results. This study also identifies several vital areas of previous and future research to optimize and characterize the critical parameters of the FDM printing process and FDM filament manufacturing.
Compact four-band diplexer using defected ground structures
Authors: Li Liang , Chen Jianzhong , Chen Yuanbao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel four-band diplexer using defected ground structures with compact size, low insertion loss and high isolation is presented. To begin with, there are 16 defected ground stepped impedance resonators (DSIRs) controlling four passbands characteristics. Every four DSIRs can generate one passband. Then, four different DSIRs use the same feeding line. According to the group delay, we can determine the relative physical position of the first resonator. For the demonstration, a four-band diplexer operating at 2.45/4.2 and 3.5/5.2 GHz with the fractional bandwidths of 10, 7, 6.2 and 5% is designed and fabricated. Finally, measured results agree well with simulated results.
Design and experimental verification of compact dual-band SIW power dividers with arbitrary power division
Authors: Althuwayb Ayman A. , Barik Rusan Kumar , Cheng Qingsha S. , Pradhan Nrusingha C. , Subramanian Karthikeyan S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper communicates the design and experimental validation of dual-band SIW power dividers (single-stage and double-stage) with arbitrary power division. The dual-band power dividers are developed for WiMAX (3.5 GHz) and WLAN (5 GHz) applications. The proposed SIW power dividers are realized by a rectangular cavity, two rows of metallic-vias and one pair of unequal complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). Two resonating frequencies are produced below the waveguide cut-off frequency due to the unequal CSRRs etched-out on the top-surface of the cavity, which results in size reduction. To realize arbitrary power division, two output-ports are configured asymmetric with respect to input-port. The power division is varied by altering the distance between the two output-ports. Finally, two compact dual-frequency power dividers (single-stage and double-stage) working at 3.5 and 5 GHz are designed and validated through fabrication and measurement. The fabricated prototype exhibits dual-band operation, compact size (0.027

λ
g
2

${\lambda }_{g}^{2}$

), good magnitude imbalance, return loss and isolation.
An analysis of leaky hybrid modes depending on structural parameters in a circular dielectric rod
Authors: Kelebekler Ersoy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOpen dielectric waveguides are structures used to guide electromagnetic energy in integrated circuits above the cutoff or as leaky wave antennas propagating the energy transversely out of the waveguide in a narrow region below the cutoff. In this study, the related operating regions for the hybrid EH modes of a cylindrical dielectric rod were obtained analytically. Analyses of the leaky wave characteristics of the hybrid EH modes for various radii of the rod and various dielectric constant values were performed. The guided modes existing above the cutoff with a pure real propagation constant, and the leaky wave modes existing below the cutoff with a complex propagation constant, were obtained from the coefficient matrix of the characteristic equations system of the structure using the bisection method and Davidenko’s method, respectively. Additionally, the guided modes of the structure were obtained and designated in the light of previous studies in the literature. The results show that the frequency spectrum of the antenna mode region increases as the value of the dielectric constant and the radius of the dielectric rod decrease. In addition, a circular dielectric with a smaller radius and dielectric constant had a larger frequency spectrum in the leaky wave antenna applications.
The Value of “Social” Reputation: The Protection of MNE Workers from the Consumer’s Perspective
Authors: Giaconi Marta , Giasanti Lorenzo , Varva Simone 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The virtually immediate information propagation has reduced the gap of knowledge once existing between MNEs and customers (i.e. Rana Plaza collapse, 2013). Consumers begin playing an important role in supporting workers. Their growing social awareness has clear economic consequences. MNEs have tried to react to the loss of social reputation, mainly adopting (and imposing to their suppliers) codes of conduct and ethics providing a minimum standard for decent work standards. This article aims to analyze the social reputation and social sustainability that have recently attracted stakeholders’ interest, from different points of view (MNEs, consumers, government and non-government organizations, unions). Those “new” forms of social initiatives (code of conduct, social ranking, consumers campaign, boycotting) are informative and could help to spread ILO labour standards. Clearly, they can represent only an additional support for workers who are struggling in the typical conflict between Work and Capital. The tendency to use a single parameter for assessing the social sensitivity of the MNEs, valid both for the countries “in development” and for those “already developed” risks to lead to a “race to the bottom” trend.
Challenges and strategies to end child marriage
Authors: Bokaie Mahshid , Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Ashoobi Mohammad Taghi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Child marriage is one of the most important challenges of the current era that threatens women’s health and violates human rights. The present study aimed to systematically review studies evaluating the challenges and strategies to overcome child marriage.

Content
Medical databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, and Social Science Research Network, as databases for English studies and IranMedex, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and Iran Doc as databases for Persian studies) were systematically searched from January 2010 to February 2020. To better identify appropriate studies, reference lists of relevant studies were searched. All potentially relevant abstracts and full-text were screened by two independent reviewers. Disagreements between two reviewers that could not be resolved were resolved via arbitration or consultation of a third author.

Summary and Outlook

From 225 articles included in this review, 16 research articles met our inclusion criteria. Most of the articles were dedicated to negative health outcomes related to child marriage. Ten studies addressed the program of overcoming the Child marriage and six studies reported challenges of it. Although, many studies have shown the efficacy of strategies to decline Child marriage. On the basis of the available evidence, it seems there are a number of obstacles to end Child marriage. To delineate the most effective strategy to end Child marriage is required further research.
Transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation among Finnish adolescents
Authors: Heino Elias , Fröjd Sari , Marttunen Mauri , Kaltiala Riittakerttu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Emerging evidence reveals disparities in suicidal behaviour and ideation exist between transgender and cisgender youth. It has been hypothesized that certain gender minority specific risk factors, such as experiences of victimization, could partially explain the mental health disparities between transgender and cisgender youth. We set out to explore whether transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation among Finnish adolescents and whether the possible association persist when a range of covariates is controlled for.

Methods
The study included 1,425 pupils (mean age (SD) = 15.59 (0.41)) who participated in the study during a school lesson. Logistic regression was used to study associations between transgender identity and severe suicidal ideation.

Results
Four models, each adding more covariates, were created. The final model revealed a statistically significant association between transgender identity and severe suicidal ideation, even though the association grew weaker as more covariates were added and controlled for.

Conclusions
The results indicate that transgender identity is associated with severe suicidal ideation even after prominent covariates or risk factors of suicidal behaviour and ideation have been taken into account.
Effects of aspect ratio and mushy-zone parameter on melting performance of a thermal energy storage unit filled with phase change material
Authors: Memon Azim , Gupta Anoop K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An intermittent supply of energy from renewable or unconventional resources has resulted in the use of phase change materials (PCM) in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. In this work, melting and heat transfer characteristics in a rectangular enclosure of different aspect ratios (width to height) filled with a phase change material (PCM) have been studied numerically. The n-octadecane has been selected as the PCM (melting temp = 301.35 K, Prandtl number ∼ 60). We considered five different aspect ratios (AR) of the enclosure to delineate the effects of 9-fold variation in the aspect ratio. The simulations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent 19.2. In particular, extensive results have been presented and discussed in terms of the temperature contours, rate of melting and energy storage, and total time required to reach the fully melt condition. Additionally, the effect of the mushy zone parameter (A

mush
) on the melting performance has also been investigated. Low values of the A

mush
were seen to predict the higher rate of melting. At a fixed value of A

mush
, ∼ 3 times faster melting rate was observed as the value of AR was reduced from 3 to 1/3. Finally, it can be concluded that melting and energy storage rate largely depends on the aspect ratio of the enclosure and the optimal choice of the value of the A

mush
.
Removal of organic matter from wastewater coming from fruit juice production using solar photo-Fenton process
Authors: Poblete Rodrigo , Cortés Ernesto , Pérez Norma , Valdivia Marcos , Maldonado Manuel I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The grape juice production generates an industrial wastewater that has a high concentration of organic matter and several polyphenols, such as ethanol. Therefore, the discharge of this wastewater can produce environmental problems. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal concentration of the reagents involved in a solar photo-Fenton process in the treatment of wastewater coming from juice. The process was analysed in a factorial design, as a function of H2O2 (900, 1000, 1100 mg/L) and Fe2+ (90, 100, 110 mg/L) concentration. The grape juice wastewater presents high organic content (20,500 mg/L COD and 5.4 mg/L polyphenols). Also, the presence of alcohols such ethanol, ethyl acetate and 2-metil-1-propanol was confirmed. The results showed that highest COD (>27%) and polyphenols removal (>36%) were obtained in experiments with 1100 mg H2O2/L and 100 mg Fe2+/L. In treatments with higher COD removal, 2-metil-1-propanol was detected as an intermediate of ethanol oxidation. These results proved that solar photo-Fenton is a suitable approach for treating the refractory organic matter from grape juice.
Effects of different drying methods on the chemical, nutritional and colour of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves
Authors: Tomasi Jéssica de Cássia , de Lima Gabriel Goetten , Wendling Ivar , Helm Cristiane Vieira , Hansel Fabrício Augusto , de Godoy Rossana Catie Bueno , Grunennvaldt Renata Lúcia , de Melo Tamires Oliveira , Tomazzoli Maíra Maciel , Deschamps Cícero 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the effect of different drying processes on chemical, nutritional and leaves colour characteristics for Ilex paraguariensis leaves. These processes were composed of typical drying techniques (roasting + rotary dryer and roasting + conveyor dryer), and cutting-edge techniques (microwave oven [MW], freeze-drying (FD) and oven dryer [OD]). The MW can be an alternative technique, this is because the content of phenolic compounds (77 mg/g), antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) (∼370 and ∼1040 μM TE/g), methylxanthines and caffeoylquinic acids (2–4 mg/g) were similar, and sometimes higher, to the conventional drying processes. Leaves dried with MW also exhibited satisfactory nutritional analysis for protein (16.4%), dietary fibre (52.3%), ash (6.4%), lipid (6.1%) and moisture (5.7%), implying that yerba mate is a potential source of fibre and protein. Furthermore, the MW preserved leaves green colour (high and low scores of b* and a*, respectively).
Prospects of immune checkpoint blockade and vaccine-based immunotherapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Tietze Stefanie , Michen Susanne , Schackert Gabriele , Temme Achim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary brain tumor endowed with a dismal prognosis. Nowadays, immunotherapy in a particular immune checkpoint blockade and therapeutic vaccines are being extensively pursued. Yet, several characteristics of GBM may impact such immunotherapeutic approaches. This includes tumor heterogeneity, the relatively low mutational load of primary GBM, insufficient delivery of antibodies to tumor parenchyma and the unique immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM. Moreover, standard treatment of GBM, comprising temozolomide chemotherapy, radiotherapy and in most instances the application of glucocorticoids for management of brain edema, results in a further increased immunosuppression. This review will provide a brief introduction to the principles of vaccine-based immunotherapy and give an overview of the current clinical studies, which employed immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses-based vaccination, cell-based and peptide-based vaccines. Recent experiences as well as the latest developments are reviewed. Overcoming obstacles, which limit the induction and long-term immune response against GBM when using vaccination approaches, are necessary for the implementation of effective immunotherapy of GBM.
Assessment of sleep quality and its predictors among newly diagnosed psychiatric patients
Authors: Singh Hemendra , Shreyash Gandlamandakal , Ramappa Sureshbabu Angondahalli , Kanneganti Sri Prathima , Subeesh Viswam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Poor sleep is a vital symptom observed in many psychiatric conditions and is the most neglected and underdiagnosed. The current study aims at assessment of sleep quality among psychiatric patients using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale and to identify the predictors of sleep quality.

Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study conducted in the Psychiatry department with a sample size of 256 patients for six months. PSQI scale was used to assess sleep quality and multiple logistic regression was used (to identify) the predictors for poor sleep quality.

Results
The mean age of the study population was 37.95 ± 14.11 years, with 148 (58%) male study participants. 192 (75%) of the study population had poor sleep quality with respect to PSQI scale with a mean score of 9.05 ± 4.65 that was well above the expected range (0–5) suggestive of compromised quality of sleep (p=0.001). Poor sleep satisfaction, waking up after the sleep onset, anorexia, day time drowsiness and at least one completely sleepless night in the past one week of admission were identified as good predictors for poor sleep quality.

Conclusions
Our study addresses the importance of assessing sleep quality regardless of the psychiatric conditions. We recommend screening patients if they have Poor sleep satisfaction, waking up after the sleep onset, anorexia, day time drowsiness or at least one completely sleepless night in the past one week of admission predictors for comorbid sleep disorders.
The Fall and Rise of Market Power in Europe
Authors: Weche John P. , Wambach Achim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the recent developments of average market power in Europe by using a broad firm-level database for EU member states. To indicate competitive pressure at the firm-level, markups are estimated following De Loecker, J. (2011). Recovering markups from production data. Int. J. Ind. Organ. 29: 350–355, and De Loecker, J. and Warzynski, F. (2012). Markups and firm-level export status. Am. Econ. Rev. 102: 2437–2471. The analysis reveals a sharp drop in markups during the crisis, followed by a post-crisis increase. The European average has not yet reached its pre-crisis level, which is in contrast to results for the US, where average markups have climbed to pre-crisis levels already in 2011. There is significant heterogeneity among European economies and the pre-crisis levels do have been exceeded in some countries.
Die Entstehung des Reformatorenbildes: Luther und Honterus im Vergleich
Authors: Leppin Volker 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to the rather different source situation, comparing the formation of a Reformer’s image in the cases of Luther and Honterus is not an easy task. For Luther, the article therefore concentrates on the early historiography of his environment. In doing so, it becomes apparent that his role more and more was described as an active one. With this, the understanding of Reformation as liberation came to the fore. Hence, salvation-historical categories predominated. In contrast, the interpretation of Reformation as an educational event was in the foreground in Honterus, for whom above all some utterings of Schesaeus could be drawn upon. Despite this clear orientation towards the humanistic ideal, Luther still remained emphasized as spurring the entire movement. While Luther was seen as marking the shift in salvation history from the time of the Antichrist to the Gospel, Honter focused on the transition from a disordered society to one structured by education.
Die reformatorischen Bekenntnisse in Ungarn und Siebenbürgen (1545–1572)
Authors: Csepregi Zoltán 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Originally, the local confessions served to account for the religious and secular authorities in matters of religion. They also formed a written basis for the legal unification of the affected communities, later they ensured the unity of the pastors in teaching, and finally they offered the community the legal basis for demanding new rights (the primacy or solitude of the denomination) based on old privileges. Over time, other functions were added to the original function of the confessions, so that a complex process of reception emerged. There was a general conception of ‘Catholicity’ that was claimed by the creeds insofar as they referred to the tradition of the Christian church. The interdependence with the theological development in Germany is evident not least from the fact that literary models such as the Confessio Augustana were used to write these texts.
Kurshalten im Konflikt: Die an Wittenberg orientierten Siebenbürger Bekenntnisschriften und ihre Begutachtung an deutschen Universitäten (1557–1572)
Authors: Kolb Robert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Groups of pastors in Siebenbürgen issued three confessions of faith between 1557 and 1572 – the Consensus Doctrinae (1557), the Brevis Confessio (1561), and the Formula pii consensus (1572) – in which they defended their view of the Lord’s Supper in line with Wittenberg teaching against medieval teaching and against challenges from Swiss Reformed theologians. These documents reflect both conditions in Siebenbürgen and the streams of thinking in the wider environment of Luther’s and Melanchthon’s followers. The Brevis Confessio was published with memoranda from four German universities and letters from several theologians supporting its formulations. The first two documents largely tend toward Luther’s expression of the doctrine of the real presence, while the third uses language employed by both Wittenberg teachers, avoiding controversial expressions. This last confession strives toward consensus among the followers of the Wittenberg preceptors.
Der erste evangelische Superintendent in Siebenbürgen Paul Wiener (1495–1554): eine Brücke zwischen Laibach, Wien und Hermannstadt
Authors: Schwarz Karl W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the theologian Paul Wiener, a native of Carniola, who after his studies achieved a remarkable ecclesiastical career and turned into the most influential Church figure in Ljubljana. Under the influence of his colleague Truber, he was won over to the theological concerns of the Reformation, but was arrested by the Catholic ruler in 1546 for his Reformation stance. Under interrogation, he refused the suggested recantation and wrote instead a defense, which was considered a “complete apology of the Reformation” and referred to throughout Luther’s main Reformation writings. The trial ended with Wiener’s pardon, but he was exiled to Transylvania, where he was appointed preacher and town pastor. Elected the first superintendent of the Transylvanian Lutheran Church in 1553, he displayed a Wittenberg-oriented theology and ministry, especially in ordinations, where he placed the greatest emphasis on the Confessio Augustana. His Church leadership was, however, limited, as he died of the plague in 1554.