bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of InP based Composite Channel e-mode HEMT Device for High Frequency Applications
Authors: Krishna M Vijay , Rahool M M , Kumar K Dinesh , Raj A Daniel , Kumar R Saravana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) is presently a very important part in the electronics industries for high frequency applications and for low power applications. In this approach, single gate enhancement mode composite channels of In0.7Ga0.3As/InAs/In0.7Ga0.3As HEMT devices are simulated and analyzed for low power operations which leads to strong DC and RF performance. This can be achieved by working on the composite channel which was lattice matched, gate which was recessed and length of the gate which was optimized. In this paper, for various lengths of the gate with constant barrier thickness, the performance of the device is analyzed symmetrically with the specialized device dimensions with thickness of the barrier (TB) = 2nm, thickness of the channel (TCH) = 15nm. The length of the gate can be reduced which supports in decreasing the drain resistance, effects of capacitance and improved average electron velocity in the gate. And this in turn results in the best performance of the device metrics with the values, trans-conductance (gm) as 1741 μS/μm, drain current (Id) as 0.553574 mA/μm, cut-off frequency (fT) as 431 GHz, maximum frequency of oscillations (fmax) as 557 GHz.
Improving the Performance of Layered Iterative minsum Approximation Message Passing Decoding Algorithm for 5G NR LDPC Codes
Authors: Vigneswari P. , Sivakumari S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In order to cater to the needs of the 5G standard, one of the prominent solutions in terms of high coding gain, high throughput and low power dissipation is the 5G NR LDPC (New Radio Low Density Parity Check) codes which have been adopted by 5G Standard. LDPC codes are the successful Third Generation Forward Error Correcting codes. An Efficient decoder is the key to the success of any Error Correcting Code. LDPC codes are one whose parity check matrix have a very few non zero entries. 5G NR LDPC codes are constructed by Protographs or base graphs and are block structured. This paper improves the performance of Layered Iterative minsum Approximation Message Passing decoding Algorithm using Rate Matching, Fixed Point Quantization and Offset minsum techniques. Rate Matching is to maintain the exact number of encoded blocks with in the TTI. Simulation of this algorithm with BPSK encoding over AWGN channel shows that BER of 10-3 gives Eb/No of~2 dB for the block length of 105.
DWT Based QR Steganography
Authors: Priya K. , Roomi S. Mohamed Mansoor , Maheswari P. Uma , Suganya R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Data security pays more attention in most of the communication fields. Image steganography is one of the leading data security techniques that provides confidentiality with high embedding capacity and high steganography image quality. This work proposes Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform (DWT-H) and bitwise operations-based embedding technique to embed secret QR-code message in the cover image and extraction of QR-code secret message is also carried out by the same methodology. The efficiency of the proposed method is estimated by Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). This technique provides less MSE and PSNR in the range of 31dB to 44dB and extracts QR code image up to version 40. The results of the proposed method provide the practical feasibility for QR-coded-based security applications with less time and high accuracy.
Multiple Protocol Converter
Authors: Sivaraj D. , Ragavi G. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the modern world, IoT plays a vital role. In general, each device works on a different protocol. The problem of achieving communication between two processes across a network or an internetwork is considered. The notion of logical connectivity between processes in a protocol is formalized. The problem of constructing a protocol converter to achieve interoperability between processes that implement different protocols is addressed. A formal model is presented, based on the theory of protocol projection, for reasoning about the semantics of different protocols and conversions between them. This paper ‘Multiple Protocol Converter’ aims in converting from one protocol to any other protocol as per the requirement which supports different devices to interconnect with IoT seamlessly.
IoT based Smart Retail System with Social Distancing for Covid19 Outbreak
Authors: Thilagavathi S , Nivethitha K S , Preeti P , Vikram D T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Covid19 pandemic caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus2 is continuously spreading all over the world. The impact of covid19 has been fallen on almost all sectors of development including retail which plays a major role in day to day life. In this paper, we proposed an efficient methodology to create a safe environment of people in retail that contributes to public safety. The proposed smart retail system is focused on the real time monitoring of shopping malls which includes grocery, departmental stores, clothing shops, jewellery shops and shops with food essential products. At first a Mobile Application is developed using Android Studio for prebooking of shopping by users/customers. Using Anaconda Navigator a deep learning trained architecture is developed on distinguishing people with and without face mask. A wearable device is developed using ultra wide band radio technology to ensure safe social distancing which would alert customers as soon as the violation of social distancing is detected. The smart retail system also includes IoT based smart shopping cart with RFID sensors for the customers to check for the availability of items in the web server via Nodemcu and for automatic bill payment. The proposed methodology is also suitable for Religious places, Cinema Theatre, Training centres and Browsing centres.
Synthesis and characterization of resin lead acetate composites and ability test of X-ray protection
Authors: Septiano A F , Sutanto H , Susilo  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Radiation is widely used in various fields, especially in the health sector, but radiation can cause dangers. Including genetic mutations, therefore we need a system to protect from these dangers. One of the radiation protection systems is to use lead glass. In this research, an alternative substitute for lead glass is offered where a composite resin has been made with the addition of lead acetate variations. Several tests have been carried out including the absorption of x-ray radiation reaching 100% obtained at a sample thickness of 13mm with a ratio of 50% resin and 50% lead acetate. In SEM testing, it was obtained dense morphological results and EDX testing showed a balance of constituent compounds between Carbon (C), Oxygen (O) and Lead (Pb) in this sample.
Analysis of the combination aspects of creativity level in product design for physics students in basic physics learning
Authors: Edie S S , Krismonika Z 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The 21st Century skills that need to be reached at the top of the learning process according to the revised Bloom Taxonomy is creativity. Creativity can be reviewed through the 4P approach of Person, Press, Process, and Product. The analysis of product creativity can be categorized into five aspects, it is imitation, variation, combination, transformation, and original creation. This research only looks at the combination aspect. Combination is taking two existing works and then combining them. The method of this research is quantitative with descriptive approach. The research was conducted by giving an assignment to make a combination product design from the LCC bell. Design was assessed by 35 college student participants and researchers uses instruments that have been validated and reliabel. The results of the assessment were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics in the form of means. The results of the analysis show that the combination creativity of products design Unnes Physics students is in the very high category. The assessment obtained was 5.7 in the score range 1-7.
Critical thinking skills assessment instrument in physics subjects: how to develop a four tier diagnostic test?
Authors: Waluyo A A , Hartono  , Sulhadi  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Critical thinking is a thinking skills that involves a process of reasoning and reflective thinking that cannot be directly observed, so it requires a separate assessment instrument. This research is a development research that aims to produce an instrument for assessing critical thinking skills that can measure students’ critical thinking skills and ilustrate the interconnectedness between aspects of critical thinking skills. The sample was selected using random sampling technique of 109 students in the trial stages and 136 students in the implementation stages. Data analysis was performed through several test that is content validity, construct validity, reliability, the level of students’ critical thinking skills, and analysis of variance. The validity test shows that the instrument contains 4 factors that match theorized and the content validity score shows that can be used. While the reliability test shows that the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0,820. The tier of critical thinking skills of high school students in Banyumas Regency is less. Analysis of the relationship aspects of critical thinking skills shows that each aspect of critical thinking skills are interconnected with the analysis aspect as the basic and the conclusion and evaluation aspects as the culmination of being mutually sustainable in producing solutions.
Fabrication of Magnetic Ink Chromium Ferrite Using Iron Sand
Authors: Yulianto A , Rohman A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this research iron sand was used as raw material for fabrication of magnetic ink of chromium ferrite. The first step of research was synthesizing iron sand into pigment of chromium ferrite using powder metallurgy method. The second step was processing pigment into magnetic ink. The ink was produced by mixture pigment into binder solution of polyvinyl alcohol and heated. While stirring the mixture was added alcohol as a solvent and additives of polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerine by certain composition. The variation of pigment mass was 6 g, 8 g, 10 g, 12 g, 14 g, and 14 g. The produced ink was characterized its properties, those were structure using XRD method, colour, density, viscosity, organoleptic, CCD microscope, and magnetic susceptibility. Using XRD was found that the pigment have a structure of CrO.Fe2O3 with size of 84.81nm. The colour of ink was dark green. The brightness of the ink decreases with increasing pigment mass. The coordinates values of a* and b* was fluctuated. The ink viscosity was around 7.64 cP until 19.59 cP, the density was around 0.954 gr/cm3 until 1.007 gr/cm3. By organoleptic study was found that the ink can be used on the whiteboard. From CCD microscope was known that distribution of ink more evenly white increasing of pigment mass. The value of magnetic susceptibility was around of 1.500175×10−5 m3/kg until 1.504662×10−5 m3/kg.
Science literacy profile of student on landslide disaster mitigation in Semarang city
Authors: Astuti B , Suryaningsih I , Rusilowati A , Khumaedi  , Kusuma H H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of students’ science literacy on landslides disaster mitigation in Semarang City. This research method is a quantitative description with one shot case study. The sample of this research was the 10th grade students of SMA N 7 Semarang who were taken by using purposive random sampling technique. Data collection techniques used written tests, questionnaires and interviews. For data analysis using data triangulation technique in order to obtain qualitative descriptive data. The results showed that students’ ability to mitigate landslides from the aspects of scientific literacy which included aspects of knowledge, context, competence and attitudes was still low.
The effectiveness of hypercontent module to improve creative thinking skills of prospective physics teachers
Authors: Rufaida S , Nurfadilah N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hypercontent module as one of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) learning device contains collaboration between technology, pedagogy, and material content equipped with Quick Response Code (QR Code) as a learning navigation tool that is open source for learning, so it is expected to improve students’ creative thinking skills in information processing as new knowledge through technological literacy. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the hypercontent module to improve creative thinking skills of prospective physics teachers. The hypercontent module contains various learning resources such as presentation, text, video, images, and exersice that can be accessed via QR Code reader. This research is a pre-experimental research with one group pretest postest design. The research subject is 16 students in Department of Physics Education Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The data were collected through tests of creative thinking skills with indicators of thinking fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality. The results of data collection were analysed with descriptive analysis and N-gain test. This research shows that the hypercontent module is effective to improve the creative thinking skills of prospective physics teachers. This can be seen from the increase in the score of students’ creative thinking skills from 64.51 to 72.64 after implementing the hypercontent module.
Hamiltonian matrix representation of harmonic oscillator system with Linear-Cubic-Quartic (LCQ) perturbation
Authors: Aryani N P , Lalus H F , Wahyuni S , Ratnasari F D , Akhlis I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the matrix representation of the energy operator (Hamiltonian) of the harmonic oscillator system when this system is perturbed by an LCQ perturbation. The LCQ perturbation is simultaneously acted on this system, so the total Hamiltonian is a summation of the pure oscillator harmonic operator term (in the annihilation and creation operator statement) and the three perturbation terms. In this work, we use three different small parameters for each term of the perturbation for keeping the generality. We use the simple algebraic method by using the Dirac notation and the well-known base vector of harmonic oscillator to analyze this problem. Next, we present every term of this operator in matrix representation and then adding them for finding matrix representation for the total Hamiltonian.
Transition probabilities of harmonic oscillator system with spatial Linear-Quadratic-Cubic (LQC) perturbation in time-dependent
Authors: Lalus Herry F. , Aryani N P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analyze transition probabilities of harmonic oscillator system with spatial LQC (Linear-Quadratic-Cubic) perturbation in time-dependent. This system initially was in the ground state with no perturbation at t < 0, then at t ≥ 0, the system is perturbed by spacial LQC perturbation in time-dependent until t → ∞. We use the time-dependent perturbation theory to analyze this problem. In the initial state, before there is no perturbation, we define the ground state with the base ket of harmonic oscillator without perturbation. Next, when the perturbation is applied to the system, we compute the transition amplitude base on the system state presented above and then we get total wave function that depends on time. By getting this wave function, we can compute transition probability for the system. As a result, there are three transition probabilities, namely the transitions from the ground state to the first, second, and third excited state. There is no transition to others.
Exact meromorphic solutions of cubic Ostrovsky equation: Kudryashov method
Authors: Lalus Herry F. , Aryani N P 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe analyze the cubic Ostrovsky equation which is a modification of Ostrovsky equation. This equation can be found in physical phenomena such as wave mechanism due to a rotating media. We use the Kudryashov method to solve this equation. Since this equation is one type of nonlinear partial differential equation, we initially transformed this equation into its nonlinear ordinary differential equation form. Next, we compute the Laurent series of this equation and we get two types of Laurent series with a second-order pole; the coefficients of these series are complex numbers so that the symmetrical form is complex conjugation. Based on these two Laurent series, we construct two types of solutions, each of which consists of elliptic solution (doubly periodic) in the form of Weierstrass-℘ functions, simply periodic solutions, and rational solution.
The effect of glass neutral density filter on illuminance measurement error
Authors: Nelfyenny  , Achmadi A , Prihhapso Y , Farhania W , Suryani D , Zaini H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present an analysis of the illuminance measurement results when a glass neutral density filter (ND Filter) inserted between light source and photometer. ND filters are widely used as an alternative solution in illuminance calibration systems to perform lower illuminance level which caused by inadequate length of the photometric bench. However, there are some variables that must be considered when inserting ND filters in illuminance measurement, one of which is the perceived color temperature of the light source which is influenced by the non-flatness profile of the filter’s spectral. This research was conducted by calculating correction factor for each ND filters, which contribute to illuminance error. Six different ND filters in the range of 1% to 49% are used in this experiment. Scanning the spectral distribution of filter are done to analyzing the change of color temperature of the light source as it passes through an ND filter, due to the lamp must correspond to Illuminant A. This research shows the illuminance measurement error can be up to 20% proportionality to the transmittance as the effect of using ND filters. The results of this study are expected to provide recommendations for the calibration laboratory, especially in illuminance meter calibration.
Analyzing of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomena in relation to climate change in Indonesia: a review
Authors: Koesuma S , Andriani R D , Legowo B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IOD is another parameter that affects climate change, especially in tropical areas such as Indonesia. IOD is a global phenomenon that occurs due to differences in sea surface temperature anomalies in the western and eastern parts of the Indian Ocean. This paper aims to review several articles that discuss the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The data used in this paper are the latest journals related to the IOD phenomenon in the last 10 years. From the results of the review, it is obtained a more detailed explanation of the influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in relation to climate change in Indonesia.
Senior high school student’s higher order thinking skills based on gender and grade
Authors: Faizah R , Taqwa M R A , Istiyono E , Ikhsanudin  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The current curriculum in Indonesia focuses on developing higher order thinking skills. However, this achievement at the level of education varies widely, even in the same school. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in gender and grade of students on high school students’ high order thinking skills. This research was conducted by giving 45 points multiple-choice questions to 94 students in four class of XI senior high school. The items given are questions based on higher order thinking aspects. Based on the analysis results, 27 male students scored in the high domain, and only two male students scored in the low field. Twenty female students scored in the high field, and nine students achieved in the low field. The gander has a significant correlation to students’ higher order thinking skills, with an association coefficient or a contingency coefficient of 0.1. In other words, the student’s gender is affecting the student’s higher order thinking skills. The grade variable does not have a significant correlation with student’s higher order thinking skills. In other words, the student’s grade affects the student’s higher order thinking ability is not proven.
Optimization of bus frame with bending moment and torsion constraints using finite element method
Authors: Kurdi O , Haryanto I , Prahasto T , Widodo A , Satrijo D , Yob M S , Yulianti I , Nourie M H , Wijaya Y A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presented the optimization of bus frame to obtain the optimum weight of bus frame. Failure of the frame can be caused by bending loads and torque experienced by the structure in the conditions of two wheel bumped and one wheel bumped. The optimization process applied is structural size optimization. The method used includes solver deck input and element criteria, input material used, making load collector and load step, running program, convergence test. Then a static linear analysis is performed using the finite element method to see the maximum stress that occurs in the frame, the magnitude of the Von-mises stress value is 1,303 × 103 MPa under static bending conditions and 1,305 × 103 MPa under static torsion conditions. The next step is size optimization which results in a mass reduction of 0.236 tons under static torsion conditions and 0.46 tons under static bending conditions.
The formulation of vector potential evolution equation on rapidly rotating and accreting neutron star in the frame of Zero Angular Momentum Observers (ZAMO)
Authors: Yasrina A , Andra D , Pramono N A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The equation for the dynamics of the magnetic field can explain the decrease in the magnetic field due to accretion. Maxwell’s relativistic equations formulate these equations. The formulation of the solution to the Maxwell equation is said to be correct if it is by the Schwarzschild space-time case by formulating the vector potential evolution equation. Maxwell’s second relativistic equation, the covariance tensor of the electromagnetic field, and the vector potential are used to obtain the equation for the evolution of the vector potential. All equations are calculated in the Zero Angular Momentum Observers (ZAMO) framework. The purpose of this research is to formulate the vector potential evolution equation for each component in a rapidly rotating and accreting neutron star. The results obtained have covariant terms with the slow rotating neutron star. However, the equation for a rapidly rotating neutron star has a more complex description. There are terms that cannot be simplified, such as in slowly rotating neutron stars.
Thermoelectric use in various renewable alternative energy source
Authors: Jumini S , Iswari R S , Marwoto P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Energy and environmental conservation problems are increasing every day. The use of electricity began to experience shortages by about 1.6 billion people. The use of fuel oil (BBM) in road transportation requires a larger number along with the number of means of transportation. On the other hand, there is an inefficient use of energy for some equipment used by humans. Gasoline and electric vehicles generally use inefficient internal combustion engines. About 25% of the combustion results are used for vehicle operations, and 40% is lost to waste heat that is wasted. Waste heat is also wasted on household appliances. Global warming and environmental pollution due to the use of inefficient energy are also increasing. Research by experts on thermoelectrics shows good results in overcoming inefficient use of energy and can provide solutions to energy problems and environmental conservation. Its use is flexible, because it does not require complicated mechanical structures, and is also environmentally friendly. This paper provides a review that reviews the use of thermoelectric in various equipment that produces waste heat energy that has not been utilized optimally.