bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated prediction of final infarct volume in patients with large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Abdelkhaleq Rania , Kim Youngran , Khose Swapnil , Kan Peter , Salazar-Marioni Sergio , Giancardo Luca , Sheth Sunil A. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
In patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS), determinations of infarct size play a key role in the identification of candidates for endovascular stroke therapy (EVT). An accurate, automated method to quantify infarct at the time of presentation using widely available imaging modalities would improve screening for EVT. Here, the authors aimed to compare the performance of three measures of infarct core at presentation, including an automated method using machine learning.

METHODS
Patients with LVO AIS who underwent successful EVT at four comprehensive stroke centers were identified. Patients were included if they underwent concurrent noncontrast head CT (NCHCT), CT angiography (CTA), and CT perfusion (CTP) with Rapid imaging at the time of presentation, and MRI 24 to 48 hours after reperfusion. NCHCT scans were analyzed using the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) graded by neuroradiology or neurology expert readers. CTA source images were analyzed using a previously described machine learning model named DeepSymNet (DSN). Final infarct volume (FIV) was determined from diffusion-weighted MRI sequences using manual segmentation. The primary outcome was the performance of the three infarct core measurements (NCHCT-ASPECTS, CTA with DSN, and CTP-Rapid) to predict FIV, which was measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) analysis.

RESULTS
Among 76 patients with LVO AIS who underwent EVT and met inclusion criteria, the median age was 67 years (IQR 54–76 years), 45% were female, and 37% were White. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 16 (IQR 12–22), and the median NCHCT-ASPECTS on presentation was 8 (IQR 7–8). The median time between when the patient was last known to be well and arrival was 156 minutes (IQR 73–303 minutes), and between NCHCT/CTA/CTP to groin puncture was 73 minutes (IQR 54–81 minutes). The AUC was obtained at three different cutoff points: 10 ml, 30 ml, and 50 ml FIV. At the 50-ml FIV cutoff, the AUC of ASPECTS was 0.74; of CTP core volume, 0.72; and of DSN, 0.82. Differences in AUCs for the three predictors were not significant for the three FIV cutoffs.

CONCLUSIONS
In a cohort of patients with LVO AIS in whom reperfusion was achieved, determinations of infarct core at presentation by NCHCT-ASPECTS and a machine learning model analyzing CTA source images were equivalent to CTP in predicting FIV. These findings have suggested that the information to accurately predict infarct core in patients with LVO AIS was present in conventional imaging modalities (NCHCT and CTA) and accessible by machine learning methods.
Interhemispheric transcallosal intervenous approach to a pineal region tumor
Authors: Donoho Daniel A. , Aldave Guillermo 
Published: July 2021

Pineal region tumors represent a formidable challenge to the neurosurgeon. Choosing the right approach is key to optimizing the extent of resection and minimizing surgical morbidity. In this video, the authors show an interhemispheric transcallosal approach to a pineal region tumor in a 15-year-old boy. The advantage of this corridor over posterior approaches is that it provides a nice view of the tumor plane with the venous complex, especially while dissecting tumor from the anterior aspect of the internal cerebral veins on their vertical path. Thus, this approach represents a safe and effective alternative for selected pineal tumors.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.4.FOCVID2120.
Biosocial portrait of a patient with COVID-19
Authors: Кривов’яз О. В. , Щерба І. К. , Войтенко Т. І. , Кременська Л. В. 
Published: July 2021

The world has been in a pandemic for more than a year. During this time, 155 million people worldwide fell ill, including 3,24 million people who died. In Ukraine, 2,15 million cases were recorded, including 47 thousand deaths. Establishing the biosocial characteristics of patients will make it possible to predict the probability of infection and the subsequent course of COVID-19.
The aim of the study was to establish correlations of social, biological and medical characteristics of patients with severity of COVID-19.
The study was based on information and analytical database, which contained personal data of 294 students of the Pharmacy Department of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya and members of their families who were ill with COVID-19 for the period March 2020–March 2021. The questionnaire contained 24 questions related to gender and age structure, compliance with quarantine norms, frequency of visits to public places, the size of the work or training team, the course of the disease and the presence of comorbidities, blood groups of patients with COVID-19. The study used sociological and medical-statistical methods.
According to the survey, it can be concluded that the patient with COVID-19 is in the vast majority of cases a woman (75%) with the second blood group (50%), who attends work or study groups (74%) or has family members who attend them (17%).
The patient with severe and very severe course or complications after COVID-19, according to our study, is mainly a woman over 50 years old, with second (44%) or third (31%) group of blood. She is actively attends small social groups or has members families who visit them (74% and 17%, respectively, have concomitant pathologies of the cardiovascular system (59%) or metabolic disorders (22.7%).
Students of the Pharmacy Department of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya were infected with SARS-CoV-2, are mostly boys and girls aged 19–23 (89%); they are studying in the second (19%), third (36%) and fourth (34%) course, have a second (41%) or the third (31%) blood group. Usually with mild (39%) and moderate (47%) course of coronavirus disease, socially active (74%) or have family members who frequently visit public places, work or study groups (17%).
Activity of free radical oxidation processes in rats with paracetamol hepatitis and correction with shiitake mushrooms thick extract
Authors: Герасимець І. І. , Фіра Л. С. , Медвідь І. І. 
Published: July 2021

The antioxidant defense system controls and inhibits all stages of free radical formation reactions, which start from their initiation and end with the formation of hydroperoxides and malonic dialdehyde. Disorders of the body's antioxidant defense system can be caused by both endogenous and exogenous factors and can lead to the oxidative stress development. For the purpose of the negative impact minimizing and correction of the existing disorders, both natural and synthetic origin antioxidants are used. Preference is given to antioxidants of natural origin, due to their mild action and minimal side effects.
Shiitake mushrooms are known in China and Japan as a product that has nutritional and medicinal value, for thousands of years. They contain an extremely rich complex of various biologically active substances that can have antioxidant, hepatoprotective effect and influence on the liver diseases pathogenesis.
The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of shiitake mushrooms thick extract on the activity of free radical processes and indicators of the antioxidant system under the conditions of paracetamol hepatitis in rats.
The experimental work was being conducted on the white male rats, which were divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. Acute hepatitis was simulated by intragastric administration of paracetamol in a dose of 1 250 mg/kg 1 time per day (for 2 days) as a suspension in 2% starch gel solution. We investigated the effect of shiitake mushrooms thick extract on the induced pathology, which was administered intragastrically 2 hours before the paracetamol introduction and daily after the lesion in a dose of 150 mg/kg of the rat’s body weight. Silibor was selected as the comparison drug, which was administered according to the same scheme like the investigated extract in a dose of 20 mg/kg of the animal’s body weight. Euthanasia was conducted on the 3rd, 7th and 10th day after the onset of the lesion. Liver homogenate and animal serum were examined. The effectiveness of shiitake mushrooms thick extract was evaluated under the conditions of the caused pathology by superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, as well as by the content of TBA-active and proteins oxidative modification products.
An increasing of the TBA-active products content and the products of proteins oxidative modification in the serum and liver of animals after the toxic paracetamol exposure testifies to the liver damage and the development of acute hepatitis in rats. Decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase was also noted.
An investigation, which was conducted by us, allowed us to reveal a positive effect of shiitake mushrooms thick extract on the activity of lipoperoxidation and oxidative modification of proteins under the conditions of white rats paracetamol lesion.
MANAJEMEN KONFLIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Na'im Zaedun 
Published: July 2021

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sangat rentang terjadi yang namanya konflik, baik antar pribadi atau kelompok, apalagi jika kita berinteraksi dalam sebuah organisasi, konflik bisa saja muncul karena hal sepele atau mungkin hal yang berat. sehingga salah satu jalannya adalah bagaimana mengatur konflik agar tidak menjadi lebih meluas atau bisa dikendalaikanpengelolaan konflik ke arah positif membutuhkan proses dan usaha yang tidak mudah. konflik dapat dijadikan sebagai stimulus peningkatan komunikasi dan kualitas kerja, namun juga dapat menurunkan kualitas kinerja seseorang jika tidak dapat dikendalikan( wijayanti, dalam hasanah). oleh karena itu, konsep dan perumusan manajemen konflik yang tepat sangatlah dibutuhkan. pengelolaan konflik juga mendapatkan perhatian dalam kajian agama islam. hubungan baik antara manusia dengan allah diatur secara terperinci dalam seluruh dasar agama islam yang juga mengatur hubungan antara manusia dengan manusia termasuk masalah konflik. dalam islam, konflik merupakan bawaan alami manusia sebagai bukti penciptaan allah swt dalam berbeda jenis kelamin serta berbeda bangsa dan suku bangsa. perbedaan tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya perbedaan mulai dari bentuk fisik, warna kulit, pemikiran, nilai, bahasa, agama, kebudayaan, perilaku dan sebagainya yang keseluruhannya merupakan sumber terjadinya konflik
Adaptasi Pekerja Seni Musik Dangdut di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Fatimah Nurul , Hayati Ela Hikmah 
Published: July 2021

ENGLISHOne of the government policies on management of COVID-19 pandemic is community activity restriction, includes dangdut music show. The study aims to describe the efforts of dangdut artists adapting to COVID-19 pandemic. It was qualitative research using phenomenology approach. This study was conducted in Pati Regency. Data were obtained through interviews and observation. The interviews were carried out with five instrument players and two singers. Meanwhile, the observations were made on dangdut music shows, which held offline and virtual on social media. The data were analyzed descriptively. This study found that the community activity restriction caused dangdut artists couldn’t conduct music shows and lead to income reduction. Then, those dangdut artists adapted to this situation. First, on Thursday, Juli 8 2020, some artists held a peaceful action and praying together in Pati’s city center. This action aimed the dangdut artists were allowed to perform music shows. Second, the dangdut artists transformed dangdut shows following the new normal rules. Third, conducting virtual dangdut shows through various social media, such as Youtube, Facebook, and Instagram INDONESIASalah satu kebijakan pemerintah dalam penanganan penyebaran COVID-19 adalah pembatasan kegatan masyarakat, termasuk pementasan musik dangdut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menggambarkan upaya adaptasi yang dilakukan para pekerja seni musik dangdut di tengah pandemi COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Pati. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Wawancara dilakukan dengan lima orang pemain alat musik dan dua orang penyanyi. Adapun observasi dilakukan terhadap kegiatan seni musik dangdut yang digelar secara luring maupun daring di me-dia sosial. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa kebijakan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat menyebabkan pekerja seni musik dangdut tidak dapat mengadakan pertunjukan. Sebagai akibatnya, pendapatan para pekerja seni musik dangdut mengalami penurunan. Para pekerja seni musik dangdut melakukan beberapa upaya agar dapat terus eksis dan bertahan hidup di tengah pandemi. Pertama, melakukan kegiatan aksi damai dan doa bersama di alun-alun Kabupaten Pati pada Kamis, 8 Juli 2020, agar diberikan izin pertunjukan. Kedua, mengadakan pertunjukan musik sesuai aturan kebiasan pola baru. Ketiga, menggelar konser musik virtual melalui berbagai media sosial seperti Youtube, Facebook, dan Instagram.
Differential Response of Oral Mucosal and Gingival Cells to Corynebacterium durum, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis Multispecies Biofilms
Authors: Redanz Ulrike , Redanz Sylvio , Treerat Puthalayai , Prakasam Sivaraman , Lin Li-Jung , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: July 2021

Polymicrobial interactions with oral mucosal surfaces determine the health status of the host. While a homeostatic balance provides protection from oral disease, a dysbiotic polymicrobial community promotes tissue destruction and chronic oral diseases. How polymicrobial communities transition from a homeostatic to a dysbiotic state is an understudied process. Thus, we were interested to investigate this ecological transition by focusing on biofilm communities containing high abundance commensal species and low abundance pathobionts to characterize the host-microbiome interactions occurring during oral health. To this end, a multispecies biofilm model was examined using the commensal species Corynebacterium durum and Streptococcus sanguinis and the pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis. We compared how both single and multispecies biofilms interact with different oral mucosal and gingival cell types, including the well-studied oral keratinocyte cell lines OKF4/TERT-1and hTERT TIGKs as well as human primary periodontal ligament cells. While single species biofilms of C. durum, S. sanguinis, and P. gingivalis are all characterized by unique cytokine responses for each species, multispecies biofilms elicited a response resembling S. sanguinis single species biofilms. One notable exception is the influence of P. gingivalis upon TNF-α and Gro-α production in hTERT TIGKs cells, which was not affected by the presence of other species. This study is also the first to examine the host response to C. durum. Interestingly, C. durum yielded no notable inflammatory responses from any of the tested host cells, suggesting it functions as a true commensal species. Conversely, S. sanguinis was able to induce expression and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, demonstrating a much greater inflammatory potential, despite being health associated. Our study also demonstrates the variability of host cell responses between different cell lines, highlighting the importance of developing relevant in vitro models to study oral microbiome-host interactions.
Lake-Level Changes and Their Paleo-Climatic Implications at the MIS12 Lower Paleolithic (Middle Pleistocene) Site Marathousa 1, Greece
Authors: Bludau Ines J. E. , Papadopoulou Penelope , Iliopoulos George , Weiss Max , Schnabel Ellen , Thompson Nicholas , Tourloukis Vangelis , Zachow Charlotte , Kyrikou Styliani , Konidaris George E. , Karkanas Panagiotis , Panagopoulou Eleni , Harvati Katerina , Junginger Annett 
Published: July 2021

Lithics and cut-marked mammal bones, excavated from the paleo-lake Marathousa 1 (MAR-1) sediments in the Megalopolis Basin, southern Greece, indicate traces of hominin activity occurring along a paleo-shoreline ca. 444,000 years (444 ka) ago. However, the local environment and climatic conditions promoting hominin activity in the area during the MIS12 glacial remain largely unknown. In order to reconstruct the paleo-environment including paleo-lake levels and governing paleo-climatic factors on a high temporal resolution, we analyzed a 6-meter-long sediment sequence from the archeological site MAR-1 and a Bayesian age model was computed for a better age constrain of the different sedimentary units. A multiproxy approach was applied using ostracods, sponge spicules, diatoms, grain sizes, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon and conventional X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results from the site represent a protected region surrounded by high mountains under the constant influence of water, either as a shallow partly anoxic water body surrounded by reed belts (&gt;463–457 ka, &lt;434–427 ka), a riverine-lake deltaic system (∼457–448 ka), a floodplain (∼448–444 ka) or a seasonal freshwater pond (∼444–436 ka). The local changes of water levels resemble large trends and rhythms of regional records from the Mediterranean and appear to directly respond to sea surface temperature (SST) changes of the North Atlantic. In particular, when the SSTs are high, more moisture reaches the study area and vice versa. Additional water reaches MAR-1 through melting of the surrounding glaciers after brief warm phases during MIS12 in the Mediterranean realm, which leads to the formation of smaller fresh water ponds, where also the horizon of the excavated remains is placed. Such ponds, rich in ostracods and other microorganisms, provided mammals and humans valuable resources, such as potable water, a wide range of plant species and hunting opportunities. These deposits therefore bear a high archeological potential. The results from our study suggest that the Megalopolis Basin could have served as a refugium for hominins and other organisms due to its capacity to retain freshwater bodies during glacial and interglacial periods.
Gem-Grade Garnet With Metamorphic Origin in the Tiemurt Orogenic-Type Deposit, Chinese Altay Orogen: Texture, Chemistry, and Physicochemical Condition
Authors: Hu Zhaobin , Zheng Yi , Yu Pengpeng , Wu Yihan , Wang Chengming 
Published: July 2021

The Chinese Altay Orogen represents an accretionary collage with episodic subduction-related accretion from the Neoproterozoic to Permian, followed by Triassic continent–continent collision. Reddish gem-grade garnet grains are widespread in Au–Cu–Pb–Zn sulfide deposits of the Chinese Altay Orogen, and how their formation links to regional geological processes such as seafloor sedimentation, magmatic hydrothermal metasomatic, or orogenic metamorphism remains unclear. In this context, we present an integrated set of geological occurrences, mineral texture, and major trace elemental geochemistry of six garnet grains from the representative Tiemurt Cu–Pb–Zn(-Au) deposit. Two categories of garnets, Grt1 and Grt2, are identified in terms of distinct mineral assemblages, textures, and geochemistry. The sub- to euhedral biotite inclusion–rich Grt1 with fine grains of less than 0.3 cm in diameter is intergrown with amphibole, chlorite, and biotite. Comparatively, the euhedral mineral inclusion–poor Grt2 with coarse grains of 0.5–5 cm in diameter is paragenetic with quartz, calcite, chlorite, and biotite. Forty-one EMPA analyses show that Grt1 and Grt2 have similar major elemental compositions of SiO2 (36.2–37.5 wt%), Al2O3 (19.9–20.7 wt%), and CaO (5.3–7.8 wt%) but host variable contents of FeO (31.7–35.9 wt% for Grt1 and 23.0–30.0 wt% for Grt2) and MnO (0.8–3.7 wt% for Grt1 and 4.3–12.7 wt% for Grt2). Both Grt1 (with a chemical formula of Alm49.3–54.6Spe19.7–24.6Gro14.6–18.4Pyr3.7–4.8And3.5–4.9) and Grt2 (Alm57.4–64.4Gro15.5–18.3Spe9.62–19.8Pyr3.8–5.7And1.1–4.4) are plotted into the field close to the end-member of almandine (Fe-Al–garnet). Compared to Grt1, Grt2 displays a Fe-enriched and Mn-depleted trend. Additionally, Mn is enriched in the core but Fe is enriched in the rim on the major elemental profile of Grt1. Regarding the trends of trace elements and REEs, Grt2 is believed to be produced during the detriment and replacement of Grt1 by an intense external metal-rich fluid. In combination with previous fluid inclusion research, the garnet-related fluids are characterized by CO2-rich, mesothermal, mildly acidic, and reduced redox, analogous to metamorphic fluids generated during orogenesis. Collectively, we conclude that the reddish gem-grade garnet crystals in the Chinese Altay Orogen are of metamorphic origin.
IgA Immune Complexes Induce Osteoclast-Mediated Bone Resorption
Authors: Breedveld Annelot C. , van Gool Melissa M. J. , van Delft Myrthe A. M. , van der Laken Conny J. , de Vries Teun J. , Jansen Ineke D. C. , van Egmond Marjolein 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveAutoantibodies are detected in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can be of the IgM, IgG or IgA subclass. Correlations between IgA autoantibodies and more severe disease activity have been previously reported, but the functional role of IgA autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of RA is ill understood. In this study, we explored the effect of IgA immune complexes on osteoclast mediated bone resorption.MethodsAnti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibody levels of the IgA and IgG isotype and rheumatoid factor (RF) IgA were determined in synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients. Monocytes, neutrophils, and osteoclasts were stimulated with precipitated immune complexes from SF of RA patients or IgA- and IgG-coated beads. Activation was determined by neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, cytokine secretion, and bone resorption.ResultsNET formation by neutrophils was enhanced by SF immune complexes compared to immune complexes from healthy or RA serum. Monocytes stimulated with isolated SF immune complexes released IL-6 and IL-8, which correlated with the levels of ACPA IgA levels in SF. Osteoclasts cultured in the presence of supernatant of IgA-activated monocytes resorbed significantly more bone compared to osteoclasts that were cultured in supernatant of IgG-activated monocytes (p=0.0233). Osteoclasts expressed the Fc receptor for IgA (FcαRI; CD89) and Fc gamma receptors. IgA-activated osteoclasts however produced significantly increased levels of IL-6 (p&lt;0.0001) and IL-8 (p=0.0007) compared to IgG-activated osteoclasts. Both IL-6 (p=0.03) and IL-8 (p=0.0054) significantly enhanced bone resorption by osteoclasts.ConclusionIgA autoantibodies induce release of IL-6 and IL-8 by immune cells as well as osteoclasts, which enhances bone resorption by osteoclasts. We anticipate that this will result in more severe disease activity in RA patients. Targeting IgA-FcαRI interactions therefore represents a promising novel therapeutic strategy for RA patients with IgA autoantibodies.