bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Surface Combat Swimming Training Program on Swimming Performance
Authors: Kostoulas Ioannis D. , Kounalakis Stylianos N. , Toubekis Argyris G. , Kaniadakis Antonios , Karagiannis Anastasios , Mavraganis Dimitrios , Karatrantou Konstantina , Gerodimos Vassilis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study the effect of a surface combat swimming (sCS) training program on performance in freestyle swimming and sCS was examined. Forty-five officer cadets were divided into three equivalent groups: a control group (CG), a group that was trained only with a swimsuit and fins (SF), and a group that was trained with combat uniform and equipment (UE). Groups SF and UE followed a 60-min training program with sCS for 4 weeks, 4 times per week. Before and after the training program all groups performed 4×50 and 400-m freestyle swimming, 250-m sCS with a uniform and equipment, 350-m with a swimsuit and fins, and 300-m with a swimsuit. The UE group showed improved performance in 4×50-m (mean±SD 14±9 s) and in 250-m sCS (24±14 s) (p<0.01). Both the SF group and the UE group improved in 300-m sCS, in 350-m sCS and in 400-m freestyle (p<0.05). We conclude that the training adaptations seemed to be specific, not only with regard to the activity performed, but also in terms of the actual conditions of an operation, which also include equipment.
A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Fused Benzo[b]thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Fisyuk Alexander S. , Ulyankin Evgeny B. , Kostyuchenko Anastasia S. , Chernenko Sergey A. , Bystrushkin Mikhail O. , Samsonenko Anna L. , Shatsauskas Anton L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new approach to the synthesis of fused benzothiophene derivatives was developed based on iodine-promoted photocyclization of 4,5-diaryl-substituted thiophenes obtained in three steps from commercially­ available compounds. Comparative analysis showed that photochemical cyclization is a more efficient method for the preparation of fused benzo[b]thiophene derivatives, compared to oxidative coupling of 4,5-diaryl-substituted thiophenes in the presence of iron(III) chloride and palladium-catalyzed intramolecular arylation. This new approach provides an efficient synthesis of functionally substituted naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophenes, phenanthro[9,10-b]thiophenes, benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′:6,5-b′′]trithiophenes, as well as new fused heterocycles containing a pyridine ring and/or a carbazole moiety.
Designer Cranioplasty at Budget Prices: A Novel Use of 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Yerragunta Thirumal , Kanala Reddy Ramanadha , Yerramneni Vamsi Krishna , Kolpakawar Swapnil , Rangan Vasundhara 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Cranioplasty using synthetic materials for restoration of the exact shape of the skull has always remained a challenge until the development of 3D printing technology. However, the high-cost of available 3D printed implants limits their extensive use.
Objectives To study the effectiveness of a low-cost, 3D-printed template for molding the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (bone cement) in order to achieve exact contours of the skull specific to each patient.
Materials and Methods 10 cranioplasties have been performed between July 2018 to December 2019 in a variety of craniotomy defects using bone cement flaps shaped using custom-made molds. The mold was 3D-printed and based on each patient’s CT images in digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM). Miniplates and screws were used to fix the flap. Postoperatively, clinical and radiological evaluation were done to assess patient satisfaction and accuracy of contour achieved.
Results Patient satisfaction as well as accuracy of contouring, as seen on postoperative CT scans, were excellent. There were no notable complications on follow-up.
Conclusion PMMA cranioplasty flap, contoured using a 3D-printed mold, is a very cost-effective alternative for restoration of skull contour for various craniotomy defects.Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) molded to form the exact shape of lost calvarium using 3D printed plastic templates is a smart and economical solution.
Central Auditory Processing and Cognitive Functions in Children
Authors: Back Nadja Cristina Furtado , Crippa Ana Chrystina de Souza , Riechi Tatiana Izabelle Jaworski de Sá , Pereira Liliane Desgualdo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Nowadays, there is no consensus on whether central auditory processing disorder is a primary or a secondary deficit to other cognitive deficits. A better understanding of the association between cognitive functions and central auditory skills may help elucidate this dilemma.
Objective To investigate possible associations between auditory abilities and cognitive functions in schoolchildren.
Methods Fifty-eight schoolchildren, aged between 8 years and 0 months old and 11 years and 11 months old, who underwent the following tests: masking level difference, gaps in noise, pitch pattern sequence test, dichotic digits test, sustained auditory attention ability test, Wechsler intelligence scale for children – IV, junior Hayling test, five digits test, and behavior rating inventory of executive function.
Results Significant correlations were found between the hearing ability of temporal resolution and executive functions, temporal ordering/sequencing, binaural integration and separation, and sustained auditory attention, operational memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility; binaural integration was also associated with intelligence. The statistically significant positive correlation found between the ability of binaural interaction and the components of emotional control and behavior regulation of the behavior rating inventory of executive function was unexpected.
Conclusion The associations identified reinforce the complexity of the tasks involved in the evaluation of central auditory processing and the need for multidisciplinary evaluation for the differential diagnosis of auditory processing disorder. Confirmation of the presence or absence of comorbidities between different disorders allows directing the therapeutic behaviors and reducing the impact of possible auditory and/or cognitive deficits in the different daily life situations of children.
High-performance vibration power generation using polycrystalline Fe–Co-based alloy due to large inverse magnetostrictive effect
Authors: Inoue S. , Okada T. , Fujieda S. , Osanai F. , Hashi S. , Ishiyama K. , Suzuki S. , Seino S. , Nakagawa T. , Yamamoto T. A. 
Published: March 2021

The magnetic flux density change ΔB caused by the inverse magnetostrictive effect is key for achieving high-performance vibration power generation. As the magnetization curve of the polycrystalline Fe–47.6 at. % Co–2.3 at. % V (Fe–Co–V) alloy became easier to magnetize by applying tensile stresses, the value of ΔB estimated from the magnetization curves depended significantly on magnetic fields. Hence, the vibration power generation of a U-shaped unimorph device using a polycrystalline Fe–Co–V alloy core was demonstrated under various bias magnetic fields. As a result of bias magnetic field adjustment, the open-circuit voltage induced by the vibration of the device improved to ∼7.0 V. Such superior performance is attributable to a large ΔB of 1.1 T in the Fe–Co–V alloy core. Therefore, adjustment of bias magnetic fields is essential for obtaining large ΔB in Fe–Co–V alloys, which are promising inverse magnetostrictive materials for high-performance vibration power generation.
Least energy sign-changing solutions for a class of Schrödinger–Poisson system on bounded domains
Authors: Khoutir Sofiane 
Published: March 2021

This paper is concerned with the Schrödinger–Poisson system −Δu + ϕu = λu + μ|u|2u and −Δϕ = u2 setting on a bounded domain Ω⊂R3 with smooth boundary and λ,μ∈R being parameters. By using variational techniques in combination with the nodal Nehari manifold method, we show the existence of μ̄&gt;0 such that for all (λ,μ)∈(−∞,λ1)×(μ̄,+∞), the above system has one least energy sign-changing solution, where λ1 &gt; 0 is the first eigenvalue of −Δ,H01(Ω). The results of this paper are complementary to those in Alves and Souto [Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 65, 1153–1166 (2014)].
Life history of
Authors: da Silva Charlene , Attwood Colin G. , Wintner Sabine P. , Wilke Chris G. , Winker Henning , Smale Malcolm J. , Kerwath Sven E. 
Published: March 2021

Mustelus mustelus from the Langebaan Marine Protected Area (LMPA) has been largely protected from fishing activities for the past 30 years; therefore, its biology represents those of an unfished stock. The reproductive biology, diet, growth and maturity of M. mustelus was studied in the Langebaan Lagoon region in the south-western Cape Coast of South Africa between 2007 and 2009. In total, 217 sharks (females: 381–1734 mm total length (TL); males: 467–1267 mm TL) were examined. Sharks in the Bay represented the largest specimens among six regions, globally. Female parturition, ovulating and mating occurred between November and December after a gestation period of 10–11 months. No ontogenetic shift in diet was evident, with the diet predominantly consisting of the following three species of crustaceans; Hymenosoma orbiculare, Upogebia africana and Callichirus kraussi. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for combined sexes were L∞ = 1594 mm TL, k = 0.15 year–1, t0 = –2.01 year (n = 95). Possible age over-estimation was investigated using micro-computed tomography, which highlighted the existence of false check marks. This study indicated that the LMPA represents a pupping, nursery and feeding ground as well as a refuge area for the largest and oldest recorded smoothhound sharks globally, emphasising its importance in spatial conservation of this species.
Evidence of a liquid–liquid transition in a glass-forming ionic liquid
Authors: Harris Matthew A. , Kinsey Thomas , Wagle Durgesh V. , Baker Gary A. , Sangoro Joshua 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The liquid–liquid transition (LLT) in a single-component liquid reflects changes in the liquid structure on the molecular level. In the case of ionic liquids (ILs), a hierarchical liquid structure is present due to charge-alternation constraints and segregation of nonpolar alkyl chains. We present experimental evidence of structural reorganization in a glass-forming IL corresponding to an LLT. The change in liquid structure correlates to changes in the dynamics and dielectric properties of the IL, which may be useful for potential applications.
Understanding context in computer-mediated communication
Authors: Liang Jennifer Yameng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With unprecedented transformations taking place in the landscape of what to say and how we mean, interactions in
the digital age take on various new forms of doing and being. To make sense of “what it is that
is going on” requires an understanding of the context wherein the computer-mediated communications take place. Focusing on a
burgeoning online video commenting discourse in mainland China called Danmaku (a media feature that projects
viewer comments onto the video, like a ‘bullet curtain’), the present study applies the schematic construct of
context of situation and its paradigmatic representation developed in Systemic Functional Linguistics to a functionally-driven
discussion of Danmaku context. Drawing on a corpus of comments from 18 well-received videos on Bilibili.com (a major Danmaku site in mainland China), the study provides a
fine-grained analysis that highlights emergent technological and semiotic variables in the Danmaku Mode, such as anonymity,
invisibility, dynamicity, and pseudo-synchronicity. It then discusses how these variables mediate the properties of Field and
Tenor and further impinge upon the experiential and interpersonal meanings made in Danmaku communication. The analysis also
highlights the carnivalesque nature of Danmaku which makes it an increasingly popular social media platform in mainland
China.
A study on multi-GNSS phase-only positioning
Authors: Khodabandeh A , Zaminpardaz S , Nadarajah N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) carrier phase measurements form the basis of high-precision satellite positioning. These measurements are often accompanied by their code counterparts to enable one to compute single-epoch ambiguity-resolved positioning solutions. To avoid unwanted code modelling errors, such as code multipath, one may opt for a phase-only solution and take recourse to carrier phase measurements of two successive epochs. In this paper we study the ambiguity resolution performance of a dual-epoch phase-only model, upon which the unknown positioning parameters are assumed to be completely unlinked in time. With the aid of closed-form analytical results, it is investigated how ambiguity resolution performs when dealing with high-rate phase data. It is thereby shown that multi-GNSS integration makes near real-time centimetre-level phase-only positioning possible. Our analytical analysis is supported by means of numerical results.
In silico muscle volume conduction study validates in vivo measurement of tongue volume conduction properties using a user tongue array depressor
Authors: Luo Xuesong , Sanchez Benjamin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Electrophysiological assessment of the tongue volume conduction properties (VCPs) using our novel multi-electrode user tongue array (UTA) depressor has the promise to serve as a biomarker in patients with bulbar dysfunction. However, whether in vivo data collected using the UTA depressor accurately reflect the tongue VCPs remains unknown. Approach. To address this question, we performed in silico simulations of the depressor with an accurate anatomical tongue finite element model (FEM) using healthy human tongue VCP values, namely the conductivity and the relative permittivity, in the sagittal plane (i.e. longitudinal direction) and axial and coronal planes (i.e. transverse directions). We then established the relationship between tongue VCP values simulated from our model to measured human data. Main results. Experimental versus simulated tongue VCP values including their spatial variation were in good agreement with differences well within the variability of the experimental results. Tongue FEM simulations corroborate the feasibility of our UTA depressor in assessing tongue VCPs. Significance. The UTA depressor is a new non-invasive and safe tool to measure tongue VCPs. These electrical properties reflect the tongue’s ionic composition and cellular membrane integrity and could serve as a novel electrophysiological biomarker in neurological disorders affecting the tongue.
A programmable origami-inspired webbed gripper
Authors: Wang Chunlong , Guo Hongwei , Liu Rongqiang , Yang Hui , Deng Zongquan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Origami-inspired design is becoming an innovative approach to create functional mechanisms with a variety of attractive features including scalability, programmability and simplicity. This paper presents the design of a webbed-foot-inspired gripper by employing a novel origami webbing structure, which is generated by strategically integrating several elementary Miura-ori and waterbomb-ori modules. The grasping behaviour of the proposed webbed gripper can be accustomed through rearranging the 2D crease pattern of the origami webbing by taking advantage of shape and kinematic programmability for each elementary module. And based on the rigid panels and joints, a comprehensive quantitative approach to achieve specific grasping performance is performed in terms of closed extendable configuration and enclose input angle. The origami webbing can be fabricated from a single flat paper sheet and deploy along a straight path symmetrically together with supporting skeletons. A sample webbed gripper activated with cables is designed to exhibit potential applications, and primary experimental work focusing on object grasping capability is carried out. The results demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the origami-inspired webbed gripper design, and numerous novel origami webbing structures can be developed based on this construction strategy.
Detailed design and life prediction methodology of novel SMA actuated repeatable launch locking protective device (RLLPD) for magnetically suspended flywheel (MSFW)
Authors: Rao Zhixiang , Yan Xiaojun , Zhang Xiaoyong , Jiang Jun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a detailed design of a novel bias shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated repeatable launch locking protective device (RLLPD) for the magnetically suspended flywheel (MSFW) during the launching state. The proposed SMA actuated RLLPD consists of two bias SMA-spring actuators. One is designed to realize locking/unlocking and the other is intended for triggering. Besides, self-locking blocks are employed to ensure that the MSFW can be safely locked under the vibration of the launching process. Considering the locking method by compressing the flywheel against the mechanical bearing, there are at least three or four locking points to maintain the balance and enhance the locking reliability of the flywheel. Additionally, a force amplifying linkage mechanism is employed using one bias SMA-spring actuator to actuate the movement of two clamps, further reducing the total weight of the RLLPD and amplifying the locking strength. Furthermore, the recovery envelope curve which represents the recovery ability of SMA wire under various spring rate is proposed and computed using thermodynamics constitutive model. Simulation results indicate that the recovery envelope curve coincides with the austenite unloading curve. The thermodynamics constitutive model of SMA considering functional fatigue is utilized to calculate the evolution rate of functional fatigue of SMA wire in the RLLPD. The functional fatigue evolution rate computation algorithm and results are presented. After the design and simulation, a prototype of the locking device is fabricated and tested. According to the performance results, the SMA-actuated locking device can release a preload up to 1000 N. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the life cycle of the locking device is more than 50 times.
Data-driven machine learning models for decoding speech categorization from evoked brain responses
Authors: Mahmud Md Sultan , Yeasin Mohammed , Bidelman Gavin M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Categorical perception (CP) of audio is critical to understand how the human brain perceives speech sounds despite widespread variability in acoustic properties. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of auditory neural activity that reflects CP for speech (i.e. differentiates phonetic prototypes from ambiguous speech sounds). Approach. We recorded 64-channel electroencephalograms as listeners rapidly classified vowel sounds along an acoustic-phonetic continuum. We used support vector machine classifiers and stability selection to determine when and where in the brain CP was best decoded across space and time via source-level analysis of the event-related potentials. Main results. We found that early (120 ms) whole-brain data decoded speech categories (i.e. prototypical vs. ambiguous tokens) with 95.16% accuracy (area under the curve 95.14%; F1-score 95.00%). Separate analyses on left hemisphere (LH) and right hemisphere (RH) responses showed that LH decoding was more accurate and earlier than RH (89.03% vs. 86.45% accuracy; 140 ms vs. 200 ms). Stability (feature) selection identified 13 regions of interest (ROIs) out of 68 brain regions [including auditory cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)] that showed categorical representation during stimulus encoding (0–260 ms). In contrast, 15 ROIs (including fronto-parietal regions, IFG, motor cortex) were necessary to describe later decision stages (later 300–800 ms) of categorization but these areas were highly associated with the strength of listeners’ categorical hearing (i.e. slope of behavioral identification functions). Significance. Our data-driven multivariate models demonstrate that abstract categories emerge surprisingly early (∼120 ms) in the time course of speech processing and are dominated by engagement of a relatively compact fronto-temporal-parietal brain network.
Noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition based causal decomposition for brain-physiological network in bivariate and multiscale time series
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Qin , Zhang Lifu , Ran Yu , Wang Guan , Celler Branko , Su Steven , Xu Peng , Yao Dezhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) based causal decomposition depicts a cause and effect relationship that is not based on the term of prediction, but rather on the phase dependence of time series. Here, we present the NA-MEMD based causal decomposition approach according to the covariation and power views traced to Hume and Kant: a priori cause-effect interaction is first acquired, and the presence of a candidate cause and of the effect is then computed from the sensory input somehow. Approach. Based on the definition of NA-MEMD based causal decomposition, we show such causal relation is a phase relation where the candidate causes are not merely followed by effects, but rather produce effects. Main results. The predominant methods used in neuroscience (Granger causality, empirical mode decomposition-based causal decomposition) are validated, showing the applicability of NA-MEMD based causal decomposition, particular to brain physiological processes in bivariate and multiscale time series. Significance. We point to the potential use in the causality inference analysis in a complex dynamic process.
Fast Axis Servo Diamond Turning of Complex Surfaces
Authors: Liang Jiancheng , Dai Yifan , Guan Chaoliang , Tie Guipeng , Xue Shuai , Du Chunyang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Optical components with complex surfaces are widely applied. Ultra-precision diamond turning technology can fabricate these complex surfaces efficiently and accurately. Fast axis servo (FAS) system has the characteristics of large stroke and high frequency response. In this paper, Fast axis servo system based on linear rolling guide rail was used to process the complex surface. By the speed/acceleration feedforward and the position PID feedback control algorithm, the precision motion control of the fast axis servo system in large stroke and high frequency was realized. According to the principle of fast axis servo machining, the tool path generating for FAS cutting and machining surface simulation were carried out. The Machining experiments of typical complex surfaces were tested and analyzed, the results show that this method can produce the expected complex surface shape and has preferable servo machining performance.
A Preliminary Survey of Language Learning In Digital Age: Higher Thinking Order Skills and Technology Used
Authors: Mansor Noor Rohana , Zakaria Rosdi , Rashid Roswati Abd. , Azmy Sharipah Nur Mursalina Syed , Ahmad Mazlina , Rahim Badruel Hairiel Abd. , Zakaria Ruslimi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNowadays, language educators are continually investigating ways to offer a suitable learning environment, improve cognitive skills with the affordances of digital tools. Therefore, identifying the overview of the current trends and requirement needed in language learning is important toward improving the learner’s motivation. Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, the cognitive level of language learning can be improved with certain learner’s consideration. However, the interconnected elements between higher-order thinking and learning tool in language material are known as an important component in language study, but, it is less discussed in the literature especially, in the Arabic Language. This paper presents a survey of recent achievements in offering attractive and effective learning environments for language learning. Based on our review, several research questions have been identified. We have also briefly discussed a few promising further research direction based on our literature survey.