bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Patient-Specific Residual Multi-Thrombus Coronary Plaque Models With Fluid–Structure Interaction for Better Treatment Decisions: A Biomechanical Modeling Case Study
Authors: Wang Liang , He Luping , Jia Haibo , Lv Rui , Guo Xiaoya , Yang Chun , Giddens Don P. , Samady Habib , Maehara Akiko , Mintz Gary S. , Yu Bo , Tang Dalin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Intracoronary thrombus from plaque erosion could cause fatal acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A conservative antithrombotic therapy has been proposed to treat ACS patients in lieu of stenting. It is speculated that the residual thrombus after aspiration thrombectomy would influence the prognosis of this treatment. However, biomechanical mechanisms affecting intracoronary thrombus remodeling and clinical outcome remain largely unknown. in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) data of a coronary plaque with two residual thrombi after antithrombotic therapy were acquired from an ACS patient with consent obtained. Three OCT-based fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models with different thrombus volumes, fluid-only, and structure-only models were constructed to simulate and compare the biomechanical interplay among blood flow, residual thrombus, and vessel wall mimicking different clinical situations. Our results showed that residual thrombus would decrease coronary volumetric flow rate by 9.3%, but elevate wall shear stress (WSS) by 29.4% and 75.5% at thrombi 1 and 2, respectively. WSS variations in a cardiac cycle from structure-only model were 12.1% and 13.5% higher at the two thrombus surfaces than those from FSI model. Intracoronary thrombi were subjected to compressive forces indicated by negative thrombus stress. Tandem intracoronary thrombus might influence coronary hemodynamics and solid mechanics differently. Computational modeling could be used to quantify biomechanical conditions under which patients could receive patient-specific treatment plan with optimized outcome after antithrombotic therapy. More patient studies with follow-up data are needed to continue the investigation and better understand mechanisms governing thrombus remodeling process.
On the Three-Dimensional Correlation Between Myofibroblast Shape and Contraction
Authors: Khang Alex , Lejeune Emma , Abbaspour Ali , Howsmon Daniel P. , Sacks Michael S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Myofibroblasts are responsible for wound healing and tissue repair across all organ systems. In periods of growth and disease, myofibroblasts can undergo a phenotypic transition characterized by an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition rate, changes in various protein expression (e.g., alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)), and elevated contractility. Cell shape is known to correlate closely with stress-fiber geometry and function and is thus a critical feature of cell biophysical state. However, the relationship between myofibroblast shape and contraction is complex, even as well in regards to steady-state contractile level (basal tonus). At present, the relationship between myofibroblast shape and basal tonus in three-dimensional (3D) environments is poorly understood. Herein, we utilize the aortic valve interstitial cell (AVIC) as a representative myofibroblast to investigate the relationship between basal tonus and overall cell shape. AVICs were embedded within 3D poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels containing degradable peptide crosslinkers, adhesive peptide sequences, and submicron fluorescent microspheres to track the local displacement field. We then developed a methodology to evaluate the correlation between overall AVIC shape and basal tonus induced contraction. We computed a volume averaged stretch tensor ⟨U⟩ for the volume occupied by the AVIC, which had three distinct eigenvalues (λ1,2,3=1.08,0.99, and 0.89), suggesting that AVIC shape is a result of anisotropic contraction. Furthermore, the direction of maximum contraction correlated closely with the longest axis of a bounding ellipsoid enclosing the AVIC. As gel-imbedded AVICs are known to be in a stable state by 3 days of incubation used herein, this finding suggests that the overall quiescent AVIC shape is driven by the underlying stress-fiber directional structure and potentially contraction level.
RB/E2F1 as a Master Regulator of Cancer Cell Metabolism in Advanced Disease
Authors: Mandigo Amy C. , Yuan Wei , Xu Kexin , Gallagher Peter , Pang Angel , Guan Yi Fang , Shafi Ayesha A. , Thangavel Chellappagounder , Sheehan Beshara , Bogdan Denisa , Paschalis Alec , McCann Jennifer J. , Laufer Talya S. , Gordon Nicolas , Vasilevskaya Irina A. , Dylgjeri Emanuela , Chand Saswati N. , Schiewer Matthew J. , Domingo-Domenech Josep , Den Robert B. , Holst Jeff , McCue Peter A. , de Bono Johann S. , McNair Christopher , Knudsen Karen E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Loss of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor protein is a critical step in reprogramming biological networks that drive cancer progression, although mechanistic insight has been largely limited to the impact of RB loss on cell-cycle regulation. Here, isogenic modeling of RB loss identified disease stage–specific rewiring of E2F1 function, providing the first-in-field mapping of the E2F1 cistrome and transcriptome after RB loss across disease progression. Biochemical and functional assessment using both in vitro and in vivo models identified an unexpected, prominent role for E2F1 in regulation of redox metabolism after RB loss, driving an increase in the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione, specific to advanced disease. These E2F1-dependent events resulted in protection from reactive oxygen species in response to therapeutic intervention. On balance, these findings reveal novel pathways through which RB loss promotes cancer progression and highlight potentially new nodes of intervention for treating RB-deficient cancers.

Significance:
This study identifies stage-specific consequences of RB loss across cancer progression that have a direct impact on tumor response to clinically utilized therapeutics. The study herein is the first to investigate the effect of RB loss on global metabolic regulation and link RB/E2F1 to redox control in multiple advanced diseases.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction 1 Year After Acute Myocardial Infarction Identifies the Benefits of the Long-Term Use of β-Blockers
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Yang Han-Mo , Ki You-Jeong , Kang Jeehoon , Han Jung-Kyu , Park Kyung Woo , Kang Hyun-Jae , Koo Bon-Kwon , Kim Chong-Jin , Cho Myeong Chan , Kim Young Jo , Chae Shung-Chull , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Hyo-Soo ,   on behalf of the KAMIR-NIH Registry
Published: April 2021

Background:
β-Blockers can improve prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. However, it remains unclear how long β-blockers should be prescribed.

Methods:
We included patients from the prospective, nationwide Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health registry and collected data on β-blockers and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 1-year follow-up. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: 1001 patients with a 1-year LVEF<50% and 3007 patients with a 1-year LVEF≥50%. The primary outcome was 2-year all-cause mortality from the 1-year follow-up.

Results:

A total of 3177 patients received β-blockers at 1 year, and 151 patients died during the 2-year follow-up from 1 year after index hospitalization. β-Blockers showed survival benefits in patients with a 1-year LVEF<50% (log-rank
P
=0.001) but not in those with a 1-year LVEF≥50% (log-rank
P
=0.311). After adjusting covariates, β-blockers were associated with a 51% reduction in mortality in patients with a 1-year LVEF<50% (
P
=0.020) but not in their counterparts (
P
=0.322). Indeed, there was a prognostic interaction between the use of β-blockers at 1 year and 1-year LVEF (
P
for interaction=0.004).

Conclusions:
Use of β-blockers at 1-year follow-up after acute MI was associated with improved outcomes in patients with an LVEF<50% at 1 year but not in those with an LVEF>50% at 1 year. This study provides valuable information about differential responsiveness to β-blockers according to 1-year LVEF and might suggest the proper duration of β-blockers after acute MI.

Registration:

URL:
http://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/
; Unique identifier: KCT0000863.
Hepatic Steatosis in Patients With Single Ventricle and a Fontan Circulation
Authors: Katz David A. , Peck Daniel , Lubert Adam M. , Possner Mathias , Zafar Faizeen , Trout Andrew T. , Palermo Joseph J. , Anwar Nadeem , Dillman Jonathan R. , Powell Adam W. , Xanthakos Stavra A. , Opotowsky Alexander R. , Veldtman Gruschen , Alsaied Tarek 
Published: April 2021

Background
Hepatic steatosis, caused by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The interplay between hepatic steatosis and the development of liver disease following the Fontan procedure is not well understood. This study examined the prevalence and associations of hepatic steatosis in patients with a Fontan circulation.

Methods and Results

This was a single‐center retrospective study of 95 patients with a Fontan circulation with liver magnetic resonance imaging performed between 2012 and 2019. The average age at magnetic resonance imaging was 21.5±8.5 years. The percent liver fat signal was determined using magnetic resonance chemical shift‐encoded proton density fat fraction imaging. Hepatic steatosis was defined as liver fat ≥5% and was present in 10.5% of the cohort. The presence of hepatic steatosis was associated with higher body mass index (29±4 versus 24±6 kg/m
2
,
P
=0.006), a higher frequency of obesity (50% versus 12%,
P
=0.015), lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (35±9 versus 43±14 mg/dL,
P
=0.050), and greater subcutaneous fat thickness (2.6±0.7 versus 1.8±1.0 cm,
P
=0.043). There was no association between hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular imaging or hemodynamic variables from cardiac catheterization.

Conclusions
Risk factors for hepatic steatosis in patients with Fontan circulation include obesity and dyslipidemia, similar to what is seen in the general population. Fontan hemodynamics were not associated with hepatic steatosis.
Transcranial Doppler in Acute COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Ziai Wendy C. , Cho Sung-Min , Johansen Michelle C. , Ergin Bahattin , Bahouth Mona N. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
Stroke may complicate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection based on clinical hypercoagulability. We investigated whether transcranial Doppler ultrasound has utility for identifying microemboli and clinically relevant cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFVs) in COVID-19.

Methods:
We performed transcranial Doppler for a consecutive series of patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection admitted to 2 intensive care units at a large academic center including evaluation for microembolic signals. Variables specific to hypercoagulability and blood flow including transthoracic echocardiography were analyzed as a part of routine care.

Results:

Twenty-six patients were included in this analysis, 16 with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Of those, 2 had acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion. Ten non-COVID stroke patients were included for comparison. Two COVID-negative patients had severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and stroke due to large vessel occlusion. In patients with COVID-19, relatively low CBFVs were observed diffusely at median hospital day 4 (interquartile range, 3–9) despite low hematocrit (29.5% [25.7%–31.6%]); CBFVs in comparable COVID-negative stroke patients were significantly higher compared with COVID-positive stroke patients. Microembolic signals were not detected in any patient. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 60% (interquartile range, 60%–65%). CBFVs were correlated with arterial oxygen content, and C-reactive protein (Spearman ρ=0.28 [
P
=0.04]; 0.58 [
P
<0.001], respectively) but not with left ventricular ejection fraction (ρ=−0.18;
P
=0.42).

Conclusions:
In this cohort of critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection, we observed lower than expected CBFVs in setting of low arterial oxygen content and low hematocrit but not associated with suppression of cardiac output.
The Assessment of Variation
Authors: van der Schoor Hanneke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Paleographers differ in considering variation in scribal hands preserved in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Mostly formal manuscripts have been used as pegs both in establishing the date of a particular manuscript and in assessing whether different fragments could have been written by the same scribe. However, informal manuscripts are likely to display more variation in arrangement and formation of letter forms. This article proposes to differentiate between formal and informal manuscripts and to assess the degree of variation in both. Such a distinction leads to a reassessment of the manuscript evidence of the Aramaic Levi Document, which this article argues has been preserved in a maximum of three, instead of six, manuscripts in Cave 4.
Monsters in the city: multiple deformities increase in terrestrial-breeding urban salamanders
Authors: Velo-Antón Guillermo , Alvarez David , Alarcón-Ríos Lucía 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Amphibians are subjected to an assortment of environmental stressors responsible for their population declines and malformations. Deciphering the underlying causes of amphibian deformities is challenging due to the complex nature and interplay among factors. We evaluated morphological deformities in 9 urban and 9 woodland populations of terrestrial-breeding fire salamanders. We report several types of malformations and higher incidences among urban populations. This model system allowed us to tease apart some of the common factors responsible for amphibian deformations, suggesting airborne/terrestrial pollutants, predation, and/or inbreeding as potential environmental stressors. Yet, the putative underlying factors of fire salamander deformities need to be properly addressed in thorough studies linking habitat quality and the prevalence of morphological abnormalities, as well as predator-prey interactions. Reporting deformation rates among amphibians is key to identify warning signals of population declines and preventing local extinctions.
High concentrations of dissolved oxygen influence the composition of low molecular weight natural compounds in Lake Baikal endemic amphipods
Authors: Axenov-Gribanov D. V. , Rzhechitskiy Y. A. , Morgunova M. M. , Emshanova V. A. , Lubyaga Y. A. , Vereshchagina K. P. , Luzhetskyy A. N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lake Baikal provides a unique opportunity to study oxyphilic organisms in the focus of their adaptive abilities, and antioxidant potential. The purpose of this study was to estimate the changes in metabolic profiles and reactions of antioxidant capacities in Baikal endemic amphipods to the stress of high oxygen content.
As a result of our study we have found that a high level of oxygen in the environment leads to the activation of a specific adaptive response in endemic organisms, which are naturally resistant to short-term increased concentrations of oxygen. Exposing animals to high oxygen concentrations causes both activation, i.e., use, and concurrently apparent inhibition of the synthesis of some low molecular weight natural compounds (whose specific nature is yet to be determined) in these endemic amphipods. This could be explained by the animals’ response to oxidative stress and stress-induced synthesis of natural compounds as adaptation mechanisms. At the same time, the reactions of elimination of some natural products found in metabolic profiles can be explained by the specific reduction of target metabolites or molecules neutralizing oxygen radicals and decreasing their content during exposition to current stress conditions. We also noted species-specific, stress-dependent changes in the antioxidant capacity of amphipods.
Thus, the newly described mechanisms of stress resistance and newly found molecules in these endemic crustaceans can become a basis for development of new potential natural products, e.g., drugs, the action of which should be aimed at elimination or at least reduction of oxidative stress in organisms and its undesired consequences.
The Operation of the CLCS Facing Disputes: An Examination of the Rules and Practices
Authors: Gau Michael Sheng-ti , Tang Gang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) regulates the establishment of the outer limits of its continental shelf beyond 200 miles by a coastal State. Such limits are legitimised when based on the recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) under LOSC Article 76(8). The coastal State must first submit the information for delineating the limits to the CLCS, which will evaluate the information before providing recommendations. The CLCS shall not consider the submission made by any State concerned in a land or maritime dispute unless consent from all disputing parties is given under paragraph 5(a) of Annex I to the CLCS Rules of Procedure. This article interprets paragraph 5(a) and examines the subsequent practice of States sending submissions and/or notifying the CLCS of disputes, and the CLCS in handling various submissions involved in these disputes.
The Roman Catholic Church in Nigeria and Liturgical Inculturation in Chimamanda Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus
Authors: Amaefule Adolphus Ekedimma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Beyond its entertainment value, every piece of creative literature has something more to say which reading between the lines often has a way of revealing. This is true of the novel Purple Hibiscus by the award-winning Nigerian writer, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. While his novel says something about the family, politics, post-colonial history and religious realities such as priesthood, mission, Mary, and the Eucharist, this paper looks at what it can tell us about liturgical inculturation and its implications for the Roman Catholic Church in Nigeria. It is hoped that the paper would help to continue, in the spirit of interdisciplinarity, the conversation on the nexus between Ecclesiology and Creative Literature.
Negativity in Luke’s Rich Fool and the Abyss of the Cross
Authors: Braun Adam F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper argues that the operative force in Luke’s parable of The Rich Fool is negativity. Moreover, negativity is as common in Lukan parables as status reversals. As the parable warns against securing the future, this paper reads Lee Edelman’s No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive to show how negativity, towards reproductive futurism in particular, activates Luke’s pessimism. This pessimism is grounded in the crucifixion and is not resolved in the resurrection. Luke’s pessimism is not only one which expresses his affective diasporic context, but it also invokes doubt on whether Jesus is messiah.
French partial interrogatives: a microdiachronic corpus study of variation and new perspectives in a refined pragmatics framework
Authors: Thiberge Gabriel , Badin Flora , Liégeois Loïc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper we report and analyse data from the ESLO corpus of oral French, constituted during two time periods (1960–2010), allowing for an in-depth exploration of French partial interrogatives under a refined sociolinguistic perspective. With an original methodology for extracting the data we were able to create several subcorpora based on age of the speakers, interactive context and time period. The combination of all the data and the use of raw frequencies as well as Bayesian modeling shed new light on the variation available to French native speakers as to how they can structure a partial interrogative (position of the interrogative element, verb-subject inversion, “est-ce que” idiom). This variation has evolved throughout the 20th century, and both the social group (age) of the speaker and perceived characteristics of the context of interaction combine in different ways to weigh on what type of partial interrogative people will use.
For an Archaeology of Religious Identity in Adulis (Eritrea) and the Horn of Africa: Sources, Architecture, and Recent Archaeological Excavations
Authors: Castiglia Gabriele , Pergola Philippe , Ciliberti Marco , Maletić Božana , Pola Matteo , Larentis Omar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present new archaeological data coming from the recent excavations in Adulis (Eritrea) in the so-called “Church of the British Museum”, discovered in 1868 by Captain Goodfellow. New excavations that began in 2018 have led to highlight the biggest church known so far in Adulis, probably the ecclesia episcopalis. It stands as a 30 meters long building, which follows the typical Aksumite architectural layout. Also, the great quantity of decorated marbles coming from the church are of great interest, revealing important contacts with Yemen and Byzantium, mostly in the 6th century AD. The new archaeological data will be contextualized in the wider scenario of the rise and establishment of early Christianity in the Aksumite kingdom, until the arrival of Islam.
Impacts of Tropical North Atlantic and Equatorial Atlantic SST Anomalies on ENSO
Authors: Jiang Leishan , Li Tim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) in tropical Atlantic during boreal spring and summer shows two dominant modes: a basin-warming and a meridional dipole mode, respectively. Observational and coupled model simulations indicate that the former induces a Pacific La Niña in the succeeding winter whereas the latter cannot. The basin-warming forcing induces a La Niña through a Kelvin wave response and the associated wind-evaporation-SST-convection (WESC) feedback over the northern Indian Ocean (NIO) and Maritime Continent (MC). Anomalous Kelvin wave easterly interacts with the monsoonal westerly, leading to a warm SSTA and a northwest-southeast oriented heating anomaly in NIO/MC, which further induces easterly and cold SSTA over the equatorial Pacific. In contrast, the dipole forcing has little impact on the Indian and Pacific Oceans due to the offsetting of the Kelvin wave to the asymmetric Atlantic heating.Further observational and modeling studies towards the Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) and Equatorial Atlantic (EA) SSTA modes indicate that the TNA (EA) forcing induces a CP- (EP-) type ENSO. In both cases, the Kelvin wave response and the WESC feedback over the NIO/MC are important in conveying the Atlantic’s impact. The difference lies in distinctive Rossby wave responses – A marked westerly anomaly appears in the equatorial eastern Pacific (EEP) for the TNA forcing (due to its westward location) while no significant wind response is observed in EEP for the EA forcing. The westerly anomaly prevents a cooling tendency in EEP through anomalous zonal and vertical advection according to a mixed-layer heat budget analysis.