bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of <i>in vitro</i> Antioxidant Potential of <i>Camelina sativa L.</i> Seed Oil and Estimation of Tocopherol Content using HPTLC Method
Authors: Pathak R. , Mohsin M. , Mehta S. P. S 
Published: May 2021

The present study was aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties of Camelina sativa L. seed oil in order to identify its utilization as a primary feedstock for biofuel production. Efforts were also made to identify and quantify the amount of α- tocopherols in Camelina seed oil and evaluated in vitro antioxidant potential of Camelina sativa seed oil and were compared with α–tocopherol standard. Physicochemical properties such as oil yield content (36.66 %), less acid value (5.39 mg KOH/g) make it a prominent feedstock for biodiesel production. Saponification value (182.66 mg KOH/g) also makes this oil useful in soap and cosmetic industries. To check in vitro antioxidant potential of Camelina seed oil H2O2, DPPH and ABTS were used as free radical inducers. Oil showed remarkable inhibition potential of trapping these free radicals. Tocopherol content was analyzed through HPTLC. Camelina sativa seed oil was found to contain 59.34 mg/100 g of tocopherol content. It is evident from this study that Camelina oil has high antioxidant potential and there is no need to add other antioxidant substances in the products formed by using Camelina sativa seed oil.
Droplet and Aerosol Suspension Times in Ambient Air in Confined Spaces and Transmission of COVID-19: Influence of Environmental Factors
Authors: Islam M. R. , Naqib S. H. 
Published: May 2021

The COVID‑19 pandemic, alternatively known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an unfolding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) across the entire globe in an unprecedented proportion. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The mode of transmission of COVID-19 is a subject of intense research. The airborne transmission is one prime possibility. Breathing and talking are natural processes which generate exhaled particles. The exhaled air is an aerosol/droplet composed of naturally produced particulates of varying size. The duration over which the aerosols/droplets are suspended in the air is an important factor. Long suspended aerosols/droplets are potential source of transmission, particularly in confined spaces. We have calculated times of suspension by considering various environmental factors, namely, the ambient temperature and relative humidity in a confined space, in this work. Both temperature and relative humidity affect the suspension time of the exhaled aerosols/droplets with varying degree. The effects of environmental factors are significant for aerosols, particularly for those with small radii. We have discussed the possible implications of our findings in this paper.
Bioethanol Production of Cellulase Producing Bacteria from Soils of Agrowaste Field
Authors: Thomas A. , Laxmi M. , Benny A. 
Published: May 2021

With decades of studies on cellulose bioconversion, cellulases have been playing an important role in producing fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. Copious microorganisms that are able to degrade cellulose have been isolated and identified. The present study has been undertaken to isolate and screen the cellulase producing bacteria from soils of agrowaste field. Cellulase production has been qualitatively analyzed in carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) agar medium after congo red staining and NaCl treatment by interpretation with zones around the potent colonies. Out of the seven isolates, only two showed cellulase production. The morphogical and molecular characterization revealed its identity as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The potential of organisms for bioethanol production has been investigated using two substrates, namely, paper and leaves by subjecting with a pre-treatment process using acid hydrolysis to remove lignin which acts as physical barrier to cellulolytic enzymes. Ethanolic fermentation was done using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24-48 h and then the bioethanol produced was qualitatively proved by iodoform assay. These finding proves that ethanol can be made from the agricultural waste and the process is recommended as a means of generating wealth from waste.
Pelatihan Keterampilan Menjahit Masker Kain Dalam Memanfaatkan Peluang Bisnis Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Emilda Emilda , Wulandari Try , Lazuarni Shafiera 
Published: May 2021

Abstract: Nowadays, medical mask is difficult to find in several pharmacies in Palembang. This situation could be a promising business opportunity during the Covid-19 epidemic. The target partners in this activity are residents of Gang Sei Saling, Siring Agung Sub-district, Ilir Barat 1 District, Palembang. This PkM activity aims to provide cloth mask sewing skills to take advantage of business opportunities during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this activity is the training method. The sewing training activities consist of two types of activities, namely the presentation of sewing theory and practical training on sewing cloth masks. The presentation is going to explain about sewing theory, sewing concepts, tools and equipment needed in sewing, types and selection of fabrics. Meanwhile, training for sewing cloth masks, undoing the practice of operating a sewing machine, making cloth mask patterns, cutting patterns, sewing cloth masks, and finishing. In this PkM activity, participants not only provided skills in sewing cloth masks, but also at the finishing step such as folding and packaging. Keywords: cloth masks; sewing; training Abstrak: Dengan adanya kelangkaan masker medis yang mulai sulit ditemukan di apotek Palembang, hal ini menjadi peluang bisnis di masa pendemi Covid – 19. Target mitra dalam kegiatan ini adalah Warga Gang Sei Saling, kelurahan Siring Agung, kecamatan Ilir Barat 1, Palembang. Kegiatan PkM ini bertujuan memberikan keterampilan menjahit masker kain untuk memanfaatkan peluang bisnis pada saat pandemi Covid – 19. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah metode pelatihan. Kegiatan pelaksanaan pelatihan menjahit ini terdiri dari dua jenis kegiatan yaitu pemaparan teori menjahit dan pelatihan praktek menjahit masker kain. Pemaparan teori menjahit terdiri konsep menjahit, peralatan dan perlengkapan yang dibutuhkan dalam menjahit, dan jenis dan pemilihan kain. Sedangkan kegiatan pelatihan praktek menjahit masker kain terdiri dari praktek mengoperasikan mesin jahit,membuat pola masker kain, menggunting pola, menjahit masker kain, dan finishing. Dalam kegiatan PkM ini, peserta tidak hanya diberikan keterampilan menjahit masker kain, tetapi juga hingga tahap finishing seperti melipat dan mengemas masker kain.Kata kunci: masker kain; menjahit; pelatihan
ARTICULATE STORYLINE: SEBUAH PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF PADA MATERI SEL
Authors: Suhailah Fina , Muttaqin Muhammad , Suhada Idad , Jamaluddin Dindin , Paujiah Epa 
Published: May 2021

Kendala yang terjadi pada saat mengajar yaitu kurangnya media untuk diperlihatkan ke siswa tentang materi sel dan kurangnya sumber daya dalam pemanfaatan fasilitas yang tersedia di MA Pondok Quran di era pandemi seperti sekarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan desain media, mengetahui kelayakan dan respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Articulate Storyline pada materi sel. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode Research and Development (RD) dengan model penelitian 4D dimodifikasi menjadi 3D yang dikembangkan oleh Sivasailam Thiagarajan, Dorothy S. Semmel dan Melvyn I. Semmel. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah validator yaitu ahli media dan ahli materi, guru bidang mata pelajaran biologi dan siswa kelas XI IPA MA Pondok Quran. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi ahli media, lembar validasi ahli materi dan angket respon siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan validasi ahli media, validasi ahli materi dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji kelayakan dan respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Articulate Storyline. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian pengembangan ini menghasilkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Articulate Storyline dengan link akses https://bit.ly/MediaInteraktifSelXI. Uji kelayakan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Articulate Storyline pada materi sel diperoleh hasil 85,28%. Respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran mendapat hasil 83,6% dengan kriteria sangat positif. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Articulate Storyline sangat layak digunakan sebagai media belajar yang efektif untuk siswa kelas XI MIPA MA Pondok Quran.
Mobile Monitoring of Air Pollution Reveals Spatial and Temporal Variation in an Urban Landscape
Authors: Cummings Lucas E. , Stewart Justin D. , Reist Radley , Shakya Kabindra M. , Kremer Peleg 
Published: May 2021

Urban air pollution poses a major threat to human health. Understanding where and when urban air pollutant concentrations peak is essential for effective air quality management and sustainable urban development. To this end, we implement a mobile monitoring methodology to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) throughout Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and use hot spot analysis and heatmaps to determine times and locations where pollutant concentrations are highest. Over the course of 12 days between June 27 and July 29, 2019, we measured air pollution concentrations continuously across two 150 mile (241.4 km) long routes. Average daily mean concentrations were 11.55 ± 5.34 μg/m3 (PM1), 13.48 ± 5.59 μg/m3 (PM2.5), 16.13 ± 5.80 μg/m3 (PM10), and 1.56 ± 0.39 μg/m3 (BC). We find that fine PM size fractions (PM2.5) constitute approximately 84% of PM10 and that BC comprises 11.6% of observed PM2.5. Air pollution hotspots across three size fractions of PM (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) and BC had similar distributions throughout Philadelphia, but were most prevalent in the North Delaware, River Wards, and North planning districts. A plurality of detected hotspots found throughout the data collection period (30.19%) occurred between the hours of 8:00 AM–9:00 AM.
Cognition and Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Midlife Women With History of Preeclampsia and Placental Evidence of Maternal Vascular Malperfusion
Authors: Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Rosano Caterina , Cohen Ann D. , Huppert Theodore , Butters Meryl A. , Hengenius James , Parks W. Tony , Catov Janet M. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Preeclampsia is emerging as a sex-specific risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and dementia, but the reason is unknown. We assessed the relationship of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), a marker of placental SVD, with cognition and cerebral SVD in women with and without preeclampsia. We hypothesized women with both preeclampsia and MVM would perform worst on information processing speed and executive function.Methods: Women (n = 45; mean 10.5 years post-delivery; mean age: 41 years; 42.2% Black) were classified as preeclampsia-/MVM-, preeclampsia+/MVM-, or preeclampsia+/MVM+. Information processing speed, executive function, and memory were assessed. In a pilot sub-study of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR; n = 22), cerebral blood flow during room-air breathing and breath-hold induced hypercapnia were obtained via arterial spin labeling MRI. Non-parametric tests and regression models were used to test associations.Results: Between-group cognitive differences were significant for information processing speed (p = 0.02); preeclampsia+/MVM+ had the lowest scores. Cerebral blood flow increased from room-air to breath-hold, globally and in all regions in the three groups, except the preeclampsia+/MVM+ parietal region (p = 0.12). Lower parietal CVR (less change from room-air breathing to breath-holding) was correlated with poorer information processing speed (partial ρ = 0.63, p = 0.005) and executive function (ρ = 0.50, p = 0.03) independent of preeclampsia/MVM status.Conclusion: Compared to women without preeclampsia and MVM, midlife women with both preeclampsia and MVM have worse information processing speed and may have blunted parietal CVR, an area important for information processing speed and executive function. MVM in women with preeclampsia is a promising sex-specific indicator of cerebrovascular integrity in midlife.
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Clinical Outcomes for Critically Ill Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Shen Hejuan , Mei Yijun , Zhang Kai , Xu Xiaoya 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is a common scenario in critically ill patients and has been proven to be associated with poor outcomes. However, the effect of vitamin D supplementation for critically ill patients remains controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation among critically ill patients.Methods: Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials between 2000 and January 2021. The primary outcome was overall mortality, and the secondary ones were the length of intensive care unit stay, the length of hospital stay, as well as the duration of mechanical ventilation. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the treatment effect by type of admission, route of administration, dose of supplemented vitamin D, and the degree of vitamin D deficiency.Results: A total of 14 studies involving 2,324 patients were finally included. No effect on overall mortality was found between vitamin D supplementation and control group [odds ratio (OR), 0.73; 95% CI, 0.52–1.03; I2 = 28%]. The vitamin D supplementation reduced the length of intensive care unit stay [mean difference (MD), −2.25; 95% CI, −4.07 to −0.44, I2 = 71%] and duration of mechanical ventilation (MD, −3.47; 95% CI, −6.37 to −0.57, I2 = 88%). In the subgroup analyses, the vitamin D supplementation for surgical patients (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47–0.94; I2 = 0%) or through parenteral way (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22–0.82, I2 = 0%) was associated with reduced mortality.Conclusion: In critically ill patients, the supplementation of vitamin D has no effect on overall mortality compared to placebo but may decrease the length of intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation. Further trials are necessary to confirm our findings.
Epigenetic Silencing of Immune-Checkpoint Receptors in Bone Marrow- Infiltrating T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Radpour Ramin , Stucki Miriam , Riether Carsten , Ochsenbein Adrian F. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundImmune-checkpoint (IC) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of multiple solid tumors and defined lymphomas, but they are largely ineffective in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The reason why especially PD1/PD-L1 blocking agents are not efficacious is not well-understood but it may be due to the contribution of different IC ligand/receptor interactions that determine the function of T cells in AML.MethodsTo analyze the interactions of IC ligands and receptors in AML, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of FACS-purified leukemia stem/progenitor cells and paired bone marrow (BM)-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 30 patients with AML. The gene expression profiles of activating and inhibiting IC ligands and receptors were correlated with the clinical data. Epigenetic mechanisms were studied by inhibiting the histone deacetylase with valproic acid or by gene silencing of PAC1.ResultsWe observed that IC ligands and receptors were mainly upregulated in leukemia stem cells. The gene expression of activating IC ligands and receptors correlated with improved prognosis and vice versa. In contrast, the majority of IC receptor genes were downregulated in BM-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and partially in CD4+ T cells, due to pathological chromatin remodeling via histone deacetylation. Therefore, treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) or silencing of PAC1, as a T cell-specific epigenetic modulator, significantly increased the expression of IC receptors and defined effector molecules in CD8+ T cells.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CD8+ T cells in AML are dysfunctional mainly due to pathological epigenetic silencing of activating IC receptors rather than due to signaling by immune inhibitory IC receptors, which may explain the limited efficacy of antibodies that block immune-inhibitory ICs in AML.
Mortality and Outcomes of Pediatric Tracheostomy Dependent Patients
Authors: Hebbar Kiran B. , Kasi Ajay S. , Vielkind Monica , McCracken Courtney E. , Ivie Caroline C. , Prickett Kara K. , Simon Dawn M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To describe clinical factors associated with mortality and causes of death in tracheostomy-dependent (TD) children.Methods: A retrospective study of patients with a new or established tracheostomy requiring hospitalization at a large tertiary children's hospital between 2009 and 2015 was conducted. Patient groups were developed based on indication for tracheostomy: pulmonary, anatomic/airway obstruction, and neurologic causes. The outcome measures were overall mortality rate, mortality risk factors, and causes of death.Results: A total of 187 patients were identified as TD with complete data available for 164 patients. Primary indications for tracheostomy included pulmonary (40%), anatomic/airway obstruction (36%), and neurologic (24%). The median age at tracheostomy and duration of follow up were 6.6 months (IQR 3.5–19.5 months) and 23.8 months (IQR 9.9–46.7 months), respectively. Overall, 45 (27%) patients died during the study period and the median time to death following tracheostomy was 9.8 months (IQR 6.1–29.7 months). Overall survival at 1- and 5-years following tracheostomy was 83% (95% CI: 76–88%) and 68% (95% CI: 57–76%), respectively. There was no significant difference in mortality based on indication for tracheostomy (p = 0.35), however pulmonary indication for tracheostomy was associated with a shorter time to death (HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.04–3.4; p = 0.04). Among the co-morbid medical conditions, children with seizure disorder had higher mortality (p = 0.04).Conclusion: In this study, TD children had a high mortality rate with no significant difference in mortality based on indication for tracheostomy. Pulmonary indication for tracheostomy was associated with a shorter time to death and neurologic indication was associated with lower decannulation rates.
Progress in Borneol Intervention for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Yong , Ren Mihong , Wang Jiajun , Ma Rong , Chen Hai , Xie Qian , Li Hongyan , Li Jinxiu , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2021

Background: Borneol is a terpene and bicyclic organic compound that can be extracted from plants or chemically synthesized. As an important component of proprietary Chinese medicine for the treatment of stroke, its neuroprotective effects have been confirmed in many experiments. Unfortunately, there is no systematic review of these studies. This study aimed to systematically examine the neuroprotective effects of borneol in the cascade reaction of experimental ischemic stroke at different periods.Methods: Articles on animal experiments and cell-based research on the actions of borneol against ischemic stroke in the past 20°years were collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other biomedical databases. Meta-analysis was performed on key indicators in vivo experiments. After sorting the articles, we focused on the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of action of borneol at different stages of cerebral ischemia.Results: Borneol is effective in the prevention and treatment of nerve injury in ischemic stroke. Its mechanisms of action include improvement of cerebral blood flow, inhibition of neuronal excitotoxicity, blocking of Ca2+ overload, and resistance to reactive oxygen species injury in the acute ischemic stage. In the subacute ischemic stage, borneol may antagonize blood-brain barrier injury, intervene in inflammatory reactions, and prevent neuron excessive death. In the late stage, borneol promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the treatment of ischemic stroke.Conclusion: Borneol prevents neuronal injury after cerebral ischemia via multiple action mechanisms, and it can mobilize endogenous nutritional factors to hasten repair and regeneration of brain tissue. Because the neuroprotective effects of borneol are mediated by various therapeutic factors, deficiency caused by a single-target drug is avoided. Besides, borneol promotes other drugs to pass through the blood-brain barrier to exert synergistic therapeutic effects.
Bergenin Monohydrate Attenuates Inflammatory Response via MAPK and NF-κB Pathways Against Klebsiella pneumonia Infection
Authors: Tang Qihe , Wang Qingyu , Sun Zhuojian , Kang Songyao , Fan Yimeng , Hao Zhihui 
Published: May 2021

Background:Klebsiella pneumonia has emerged as a critical pathogen causing severe clinical problems, such as pneumonia and sepsis. Meanwhile, intensified drug resistance induced by antibiotic therapy necessitates discovering novel and active molecules from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treatment.Methods and results: In this study, the isolated Bergenin monohydrate showed an anti-inflammatory effect in Klebsiella-infected mice. We initially investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and cytoprotection against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, a specific dose of Bm can effectively ameliorate lung injury and suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and PEG2. Moreover, Bm was also shown to reduced the levels of MPO, MDA and increased SOD and GSH activities. Moreover, we assessed the intracellular signaling molecules including p38, ERK, JNK, IκB, NF-κB-p65 by western blotting and verified through MAPK and NF-κB pathways inhibition experiments. These results reveal that Bm executed its effects via the classical MAPK signaling pathway and NF-κB pathway.Conclusion: Given its underlying anti-inflammatory effect, Bm may be used as a promising therapeutic against Klebsiella-induced infection, thus providing a benefit for the future clinical therapy of pneumonia and medicine design.
Cardiovascular Disease and Mental Distress Among Ethnic Groups in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Azfar Hossain Syed , Dzhusupov Kenesh O. , Orru Hans , Nordin Steven , Nordin Maria , Orru Kati 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to characterize different ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mental distress, and to investigate the association between CVD and mental distress. The mental distress was measured in terms of sleep disturbance, burnout, and stress.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among six ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan, aged 18 years and above. The sample was stratified for age, education, family status, and income. We used the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire to assess sleep disturbance, the physical and emotional subscale of the Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire to assess burnout, and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale to assess perceived stress.Results: The distribution of CVD differed significantly between the six ethnic groups, with higher prevalence among East Europeans, and Western Asians and lower among Other minorities and Central Asians. In all ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan, individuals with CVD had increased odds of sleep disturbance and burnout. There was a significant difference in burnout and stress between persons with and without CVD in Kyrgyz and East European ethnic groups.Conclusion: There was a significant difference in burnout and stress between persons with and without CVD in Kyrgyz and East European ethnic groups. In addition to CVD prevention, mitigating sleep disturbance and preventing burnout in the general population should be aimed at in public health measures.