bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical evaluation of nitrate reduction reaction on single‐atom anchored boron nitride fullerene
Authors: Shafiq Faiza , Yang Lei , Zhu Weihua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a powerful technique for eliminating pollution. Here, NO3RRs on transition metal‐doped boron nitride fullerene (TM/B11N12) were thoroughly examined utilizing density functional theory (DFT). Co/B11N12, a potential single‐atom catalyst (SAC) with a low thermal barrier for NO3RR toward NH3 synthesis with good stability, activity, and selectivity, was successfully screened out. Co/B11N12 has the lowest limiting potential (UL) of −0.45 V and good NO3RR performance. Due to the comparatively restrained adsorption of proton on Co/B11N12, competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is substantially limited. The excellent selectivity for the production of NH3 is ensured by significant energy barrier prerequisite for the formation of by‐products (NO, NO2, N2O, and N2) on Co/B11N12. By ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, Co/B11N12 exhibits remarkable structural stability at 400 K with minimal distortion as compared to its initial shape. Our research may not only offer a fundamental understanding of the activity origin of NO3RR and catalytic mechanism on TM/B11N12 but also open up opportunities for rational designing of SACs for NO3RR toward the NH3 synthesis.
HMGB1 in Septic Muscle Atrophy: Roles and Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Atrophy and Regeneration
Authors: Qi Si‐Yuan , Wu Qiqi , Xiang Peng‐Hui , Hou Chao‐Yao , Kang Zhaofeng , Chen Meng‐Qi , Yi Chengla , Bai Xiangjun , Li Tianyu , Li Zhanfei , Xie Wei‐Ming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCurrently, the treatment of septic myopathy presents significant challenges with implications for increased mortality rates and prolonged hospitalizations. Effective therapeutic strategies for septic myopathy remain elusive, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a conserved nonhistone nuclear protein that is released passively from deceased cells or actively secreted by activated immune cells, influencing both infectious and noninfectious inflammatory responses. Studies have indicated that HMGB1 likely plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of septic myopathy by crucial pathways associated with muscle atrophy and contributing to muscle regeneration under certain conditions. This review aims to summarize the possible mechanisms of HMGB1 in muscle atrophy and its potential in muscle regeneration, providing a theoretical basis for HMGB1 treatment of septic myopathy. Research shows that the dual role of HMGB1 is related to its specific forms, which are influenced to varying degrees by environmental factors. HMGB1 is a key participant in septic muscle atrophy, whereas HMGB1 shows therapeutic potential in muscle regeneration. One key mechanism by which HMGB1 contributes to septic muscle atrophy is through the exacerbation of inflammation. HMGB1 can amplify the inflammatory response by promoting the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which further damages muscle tissue. HMGB1 is also involved in promoting cell death in sepsis, which contributes to muscle degradation. Another important mechanism is the regulation of protein degradation systems. HMGB1 can activate the ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy–lysosome pathway, both of which are crucial for the breakdown of muscle proteins during atrophy. Conversely, targeting HMGB1 has shown the potential to ameliorate muscle atrophy in various diseases. For instance, HMGB1 has been shown to promote muscle vascular regeneration, modify stem cell status and enhance stem cell migration and differentiation, all of which are beneficial for muscle repair and recovery. Pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 has been explored, with several drugs demonstrating efficacy in reducing inflammation and muscle degradation in sepsis models. These findings suggest that HMGB1 inhibition could be a viable therapeutic approach for septic myopathy. However, the function of promoting muscle regeneration in septic myopathy needs further research. HMGB1 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of muscle atrophy in sepsis. This review focuses on identifying the correlation between HMGB1 and septic myopathy, analysing the possible role of HMGB1 in disease development and examining the feasibility of HMGB1 as a therapeutic target.
An Evaluation of Neuronal PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3 Levels in the Brain Tissue of Female Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields at Different Gestational Stages
Authors: Tüfekci Kıymet Kübra , Tatar Musa , Elamin Abdalla Ahmed Eldaw , Kaplan Süleyman 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFoetal exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may cause marked neurocognitive impairment, although the mechanisms involved are still unclear. EMF induces region‐specific neuronal and astroglial death in the rat hippocampus. Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) regulates necrosis, apoptosis and other cellular processes occurring following injury. This study, therefore, investigated whether PARP‐1 also regulates neuronal responses in the hippocampus of rats subjected to EMF radiation during different developmental periods. Male and female rats were first allowed to mate in separate cages. Rats identified as pregnant were then divided into four groups. A 900‐MHz EMF was applied for 2 h daily on gestational days (GD) 1–7, GD 8–14 and GD 15–21. The female offspring were sacrificed at the end of the 28th postnatal day, and PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3 expressions in the hippocampus were then evaluated. No special treatment was applied to the control group. In the EMF‐exposed group, pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis (CA) region appeared normal after exposure on GD 1–7 but were darkly stained and shrunken after exposure on GD 15–21, while the majority of granular cells exhibited a normal appearance during all GDs. The group exposed to EMF on GD 15–21 exhibited strong PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3 immune reactivity in CA and dentate gyrus (DG) cells. Higher H‐scores were also observed in the EMF‐exposed group following GD 15–21 irradiation. As a result, a 900‐MHz EMF application at GD 15–21, which coincides with hippocampal neurogenesis, triggered hippocampal neuron cell death by activating PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3.
The short version of the ALR‐RSI scale is a valid and reproducible scale to evaluate psychological readiness to return to sport after ankle lateral reconstruction
Authors: Mahieu Alizée , Moussa Mohamad K. , Valentin Eugénie , Lopes Ronny , Hardy Alexandre 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate a short and mini version of the ALR‐RSI (Ankle Ligament Reconstruction‐Return to Sport after Injury) scale.MethodsThe ALR‐RSI scale contains 12 items and was administered to 109 patients following arthroscopic anatomical lateral ankle reconstruction. The short (6‐item) and mini (3‐item) versions were developed using a systematic selection process to eliminate items based on their category, mean, standard deviation and pertinence. A second group of 75 patients participated in an analysis to validate the predictive value of these scores. These patients filled out all three ALR‐RSI versions 6 months after arthroscopic anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle to determine the predictive value for the return to sport (RTS) at 12 months. The predictive value was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curves (area under the curve [AUC]).ResultsThe long version of the ALR‐RSI had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.97), suggesting redundancy of certain items. A short version of 6 items was developed (Cronbach's α = 0.94). A mini version of 3 items was also developed which retained one key item from each category. Factorial analysis confirmed that only one factor explained 76% of the total variance in the mini version (Cronbach's α = 0.89). The scores of the three versions were higher in patients who returned to sport at the same pre‐injury level of play or better (p < 0.0001). Both versions were found to have a good predictive value for the RTS at 12 months, with comparable AUC values (full version AUC 0.70 [95% confidence interval; CI, 0.57–0.83]; short version AUC 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59–0.84]); mini version, AUC 0.73 [95% CI, 0.61–0.85].ConclusionThe shorter versions (6 and 3 items) of the ALR‐RSI may be used to predict the RTS at the pre‐injury level without affecting the psychometric characteristics of the long score.Level of EvidenceLevel II prospective cohort study.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Plays Important Role in Predicting In‐Hospital Mortality in Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Multi‐Center Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Tingyu , Xu Yanli , Ge Ziruo , Tian Di , Zhao Chenxi , Zhao Qi , Lin Ling , Liu Zhensheng , Chen Zhihai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGeriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) has been proposed as a reliable indicator of nutritional state and, when decreased, is closely associated with the severity and mortality risk of infectious disease. The current study retrospectively recruited patients who were admitted for SFTS from January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2024 at six medical centers. Two hundred and eighty‐two patients with SFTS who met the study protocol were finally enrolled in this study. Sixty patients suffered in‐hospital death during hospitalization, with a mortality rate of 21.3%. After adjustment of multiple models, GNRI remained a significant predictor of in‐hospital death, either examining HR by evaluating 1‐unit decrease of GNRI or by taking the higher median of GNRI as reference (all p < 0.05). GNRI displayed a moderate‐to‐high strength in predicting in‐hospital death, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.791 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.725–0.857, p < 0.001]. The addition of GNRI to a former established model exhibited significant improvement in the predictive value for in‐hospital death. GNRI, an important indicator simply calculated from ALB and BMI, is significantly and independently related to the risk of in‐hospital death in patients with SFTS.
Improvements in the Seasonal Prediction of the Mid‐Summer Drought Based on the North American Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Zermeño‐Díaz David Maximiliano , Ray Pallav 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSkillful prediction of the Mid‐Summer Drought (MSD) is important for various socioeconomic sectors in southern Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. However, operational forecasting errors of the MSD have rarely been evaluated systematically. In this study, we address this research gap by examining operational forecasts of the MSD derived from the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME; 1991–2020). We assess these forecasts before and after applying a Model Output Statistics (MOS) scheme based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). Before applying MOS, only a couple of forecasts exhibited a bimodal signal between July and September, but none of them reproduced the particular signals of the MSD; they generally suffered from two main errors: excessively weak precipitation during the June–September season (particularly in June) and a weak peak in July instead of a relative minimum. While the root cause of these errors can be associated with warm sea surface temperature (SST) bias in the tropical eastern Pacific and cold SST bias in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea and northwestern tropical Atlantic, their immediate cause is an erroneous evolution of the eastern Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). During June and September, the eastern Pacific ITCZ remains too far south near the equator, while in July and August it expands and intensifies but stays too close to the coasts of southern Mexico and Central America, failing to migrate westward. After applying MOS, the forecasts showed high skill scores during the onset of the MSD (July and August) but not in the months before and after (June and September). As revealed by the CCA analysis, this improved skill is due to the MOS‐corrected forecasts' improved representation of a key relationship: drier MSD episodes are associated with a stronger westward SST gradient between the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Models that adequately capture this relationship exhibit reduced uncertainty in forecasting MSD intensity. This finding can provide a valuable pathway to mitigate uncertainties in projecting future changes in MSD intensity under different climate change scenarios.
Understanding the Contribution of Guidance and Counseling to Economic Growth in Developing Nations
Authors: Adu Gabriel Amponsah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCareer counseling guidance (CCG) is critical for successful career growth. Ghana is a developing country with limited CCG services; CCG is becoming more popular in developing countries. CCG needs of undergraduates and their services have not been thoroughly investigated through research. This study investigated it with 18 semistructured in‐depth interviews with undergraduates, utilizing a snowball and convenience sampling technique. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two primary themes emerged—undergraduates’ CCG needs and available CCG options—along with 10 subthemes. Undergraduates need self‐awareness, direction, decision‐making skills, emotional management, practical exposure information, guidance, and job search skills. Some CCG services, such as one‐on‐one sessions, job fairs, and career seminars, are available but rarely used by undergraduate students. This study has possible implications for career services, Ghana government, practitioners, and students regarding career service utilization, assessment, execution, and future CCG research and planning in developing countries.
Green preparation and evaluation of physicochemical, structural and functional properties of dietary fiber from navel orange peel
Authors: Wang Yuerong , Bao Xiaodan , Zhao Guanghe , Peng Liting , Zhao Fengli , Qin Yunbin , Zhang Ruifen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundCitrus fruits are an important source of dietary fiber. However, on the one hand, traditional preparation methods of citrus fiber rely on chemical hydrolysis, resulting in unavoidable environmental contamination and nutrients loss. On the other hand, citrus fiber usually requires modification due to its low soluble dietary fiber content. Therefore, we explored green preparation methods of citrus fiber, and evaluated the impact of high‐speed homogenization alone or combined with cellulase hydrolysis, Trichoderma viride or Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation on the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of dietary fiber derived from navel orange peel.ResultsCellulase‐hydrolyzed navel orange peel dietary fiber (NOPDF) had better water solubility and oil holding capacity but lower thermal stability. In contrast, T. viride‐fermented NOPDF demonstrated the best thermal stability and glucose adsorption (4.62 ± 0.06 mmol g−1 dried weight), along with the highest soluble dietary fiber yield (2.27 g kg−1 dried weight), the best soluble dietary fiber/total dietary fiber ratio (29.64 ± 0.17%), water holding capacity (12.48 ± 0.44 g g−1 dried weight), swelling capacity (12.10 ± 0.24 g g−1 dried weight) and the darkest color. Lactobacillus plantarum‐fermented NOPDF exhibited the best fillibility (tap density, 0.68 ± 0.01 g mL−1 dried weight) and strongest in vitro prebiotic activity and antioxidant properties (total phenolic content, 5.81 ± 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g−1 dried weight; DPPH• scavenging capacity, 2.21 ± 0.01 mg Trolox equivalents g−1 dried weight).ConclusionBoth modification methods of T. viride or L. plantarum fermentation could significantly improve the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of NOPDF, and offer a valuable approach for utilizing navel orange peel in the functional food industry. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Visualization of reproducible object colors in standard color spaces using the gamut ring intersection
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro , Smith Euan , Lang Karl , Berkeley Brian , Bergquist Johan , Penczek John 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObject color coverage by output media is necessary to understand the limitations of color reproduction. However, complex shapes exhibited in 3D color spaces can pose challenges. Even if their 3D plot axes are rotated, their shape and size is generally difficult to understand. In this study, the color gamuts of both real and theoretical objects were selected as reference gamuts and compared with a few standard trichromatic color spaces using gamut rings—a 2D visualization method that allows quantification of color capabilities across lightness, chroma, and hue ranges. Additionally, gamut intersections between the standard color spaces and reference object color gamuts were represented proportionally on the rings to facilitate a straightforward evaluation of the color capabilities of the standard color gamuts.
Advancing Osteoporosis Assessment Through a Numerical Study Utilizing Ultrasonic Waves in Femur Bone Evaluation
Authors: Gandomkar Mohammadhossein , Soorgee Mohammadhossein , Habibi Hossein , Mehdizadeh kafash Mehdi 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveOsteoporosis, a musculoskeletal condition characterized by bone density loss, significantly heightens the risk of fractures. Early detection of this condition is paramount in both its prevention and effective treatment. Traditionally, osteoporosis diagnosis relies heavily on dual X‐ray absorptiometry. However, this research demonstrates an initiative by utilizing quantitative ultrasound as a cost‐effective, noninvasive alternative, particularly advantageous in certain scenarios.MethodsBy applying the finite element method, we simulate ultrasound propagation within intricate femur head models, incorporating both healthy and osteoporotic conditions. Through meticulous analysis, we unveil novel speed‐based and amplitude‐based indices derived from ultrasound signals, offering insights of high resolution into bone evaluation.ResultsOur findings illuminate a paradigm shift: as osteoporosis advances, there is a discernible decrease in speed of sound values, while ultrasound amplitude exhibits intriguing fluctuations, dependent on intricate tissue interactions such as diverse acoustic impedance at tissues' interface and echo reflections within the bone models.ConclusionsThe approach used in this study promises to reshape osteoporosis assessment, paving the way to revolutionize prevention and treatment strategies. The associated results of our study also could open up new avenues for investigating ultrasound propagation in three‐dimensional bone models.
Retrieving Scattering Matrices With Gaussian Regularized Adaptive Statistical Prior
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Wu Daixuan , Shen Yuecheng , Luo Jiawei , Liang Jiajun , Liang Jiaming , Zhang Zhiling , Qi Dalong , Yao Yunhua , Deng Lianzhong , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWavefront shaping has revolutionized the control of light propagation through scattering media, transforming disordered speckles into highly focused optical spots. This breakthrough depends on the accurate and efficient retrieval of scattering matrices, which promises to unlock new possibilities in optical imaging, communication, and sensing. However, a major challenge persists: retrieving scattering matrices from direct intensity measurements, often hindered by the lack of effective prior knowledge or regularization constraints. In this study, we introduce the Gaussian‐regularized adaptive statistical prior fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm (GRASP‐FISTA), a novel method designed to overcome this challenge in phase retrieval for scattering media. By exploiting the statistical properties of scattering matrix elements—specifically their circular Gaussian distribution—we impose a robust statistical prior that enhances retrieval accuracy. Integrated with the Plug‐and‐Play FISTA framework, known for its rapid convergence, GRASP‐FISTA offers an efficient and reliable solution to phase retrieval. Experimental validation on multimode fibers, ground glass, and chicken breast tissue demonstrates that GRASP‐FISTA reduces iteration counts by 2–3 times, increases robustness against Gaussian noise, and improves reconstruction accuracy. By incorporating statistical constraints into gradient‐descent‐based methods, GRASP‐FISTA significantly broadens the scope of phase retrieval, paving the way for new applications across diverse scattering processes.
Lubrication Characteristics of Tilting Oil Pad Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing Applied to a Heavy CNC Machine Under Eccentric Load Conditions
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Wu Xianghui , Meng Xiuli , Qiao Wenzhuo , Sun Yankun , Ma Wenjie , Li Ruichao , Dai Ruichun , Jia Wentao , Jiao Jianhua , Wang Junfeng , Jiang Hui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhen the hydrostatic thrust bearing is machining parts, the machined parts are easily disturbed by external factors and deviate from the centre of the workbench so that the hydrostatic thrust bearing is in the state of eccentric load. In order to explore the lubrication characteristics of hydrostatic thrust bearings under eccentric load conditions, the hydrostatic thrust bearing with 12 tilting oil pads is taken as the research object in this paper. Based on the tribology principle and lubrication theory, the flow equation, load capacity equation and oil film thickness equation of double rectangular oil cavity are derived from the working and structural parameters of hydrostatic thrust bearing. The matching relationship between load and oil film thickness is obtained. The effects of rotational speed, load, and offset distance on the oil film pressure field and temperature field are studied. The experimental platform of hydrostatic thrust bearing is built to verify the correctness of the simulation method of the oil film temperature field and pressure field.
Investigating Tuberculosis Dynamics Under Various Control Strategies: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Real Statistical Data
Authors: Al‐Hdaibat Bashir , DarAssi Mahmoud H. , Ahmad Irfan , Altaf Khan Muhammad , Algethamie Reem 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the present investigation, a mathematical model with vaccination, treatment, and environmental impact under real data is presented. Initially, we present the model without any interventions, followed by an examination of its equilibrium points. The stability analysis indicates the confirmation of the local asymptotical stability of the disease‐free equilibrium (DFE), , whenever . Moreover, we demonstrate the global asymptotical stability of for . We also investigate the endemic equilibria and show that there exists a unique endemic equilibrium, , which confirms that the model does not exhibit the backward bifurcation. Utilizing real TB data from Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) over a specific timeframe, we parameterize the model accordingly. We perform sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of model parameters on , with the results depicted graphically. Subsequently, we extend the model to include vaccination and an optimal control framework, deriving the relevant outcomes. The numerical solutions for the optimal control model are presented under various control strategies, demonstrating that simultaneous activation of all four controls yields effective results in managing TB. The impact of four control strategies on TB management through a numerical optimal control framework is shown. The results reveal that all four controls, vaccination, awareness, screening, and pathogens clearance, simultaneously yield the most effective reduction in both exposed and infected cases, highlighting the necessity for an integrated approach to TB prevention and control.