bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and clinical features of lymphoproliferative diseases in the head and neck region
Authors: Kamolova F. Sh. , Mudunov A. M. , Zeynalova P. A. , Grivtsova L. Yu. , Allakhverdieva G. F. , Azizyan R. I. , Akhundov A. A. , Zaderenko I. A. , Bolotin M. V. , Stelmakh D. K. , Sokorutov V. I. , Il’kaev K. D. , Tsiklauri V. T. , Gelfand I. M. , Pak M. B. , Timofeeva O. L. , Ryabukhina Yu. E. , Abbasbeyli F. M. , Chzhao Ts. 
Published: September 2021

Background. Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of the lymphoid and hematopoietic system tumors. Neoplastic process often develops in head and neck area, including the integumentary tissues, orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx, salivary glands, thyroid gland, as well as neck lymph nodes. The difficulties of head and neck lymphomas diagnosis are significant, since very often there is a combined non-tumor pathology. The high heterogeneity of lymphomas in the head and neck area requires structuring knowledge about their epidemiology and clinical manifestations.Objective: to study the epidemiological and clinical features of the head and neck lymphoproliferative diseases, which will lead to an improvement in diagnostic quality of this nosology’s.Materials and methods. The frequency of head and neck lymphoproliferative diseases detection was estimated based on the study of epicrisis and clinical data of 174 patients hospitalized at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in the period from 2000 to 2020.Results. Taking into account the modern clinical and morphological classification of lymphomas of the World Health Organization (2017), information about the features of localization, characteristic signs of extranodal foci and lymph nodes is presented. Detection frequency of various subtypes non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas were determined on a sufficient cohort of patients.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of clinical and morphological features of head and neck lymphomas, epidemiological and clinical features are described in detail, and differences in the symptoms and clinical manifestations of non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas with a predominant head and neck involvement are revealed.
Difficulties in diagnosis of primary AL-amyloidosis
Authors: Khyshova V. A. , Rekhtina I. G. , Firsova M. V. , Mendeleeva L. P. 
Published: September 2021

Objective of the study: analysis of AL-amyloidosis (AL-A) diagnostics in real clinical practice and to determine the main approaches for the earlier detection of this disease.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 34 patients with newly diagnosed AL-A.Results. The median time from first symptoms appearance to the diagnosis was more than 2 years. Most often, the pathological process in AL-A involves the kidneys, heart and gastrointestinal tract; moreover, at the time of diagnosis, most patients already have an injury of 2 or more organs. In half of the patients, a biopsy of the damaging organ was performed to verify the diagnosis; according to our data, histological examination of “easily accessible” locus not less informative. Symptoms characteristic of amyloidosis, such as periorbital purpura or macroglossia, are observed in a small part of patients and refer to late manifestations of the disease.Conclusion. The versatility of AL-A manifestations leads to a late diagnosis, which affects overall survival. The main signs were highlighted that should alert doctors in relation to this pathology.
The Inglewood earthquake in Southern California, June 21, 1920
Authors: Taber Stephen 
Published: September 2021

summary and conclusions
The earthquake of June 21, 1920 originated a short distance west of Inglewood. The maximum intensity in the epicentral area was between VIII and IX in the Rossi-Forel scale. The disturbance was due to a small displacement of the rocks on the Inglewood-Newport-San Onofre fault or fault zone which parallels the Baldwin Hills-Los Cerritos ridge on the southwest and extends in a southeasterly direction apparently as far as the San Luis Rey River. The character of the motion in the epicentral area suggests that the displacement was probably vertical.
The area within which the shock was felt (eleven thousand square miles or twenty-nine thousand square kilometers) was small considering the high intensity of the shock. This probably means that the origin was close to the surface. The rapid decrease in intensity on going away from the epicenter is chiefly due to the unconsolidated character of the rock strata in this area. While the vibrations die out rapidly in passing through such materials the destructive effects are always greater than in areas similarly located with respect to the origin but which are underlain with more rigid rock.
The physiography, geology, and the recent seismic history of the Los Angeles coastal plain, remind us that earthquakes are to be expected in that area from time to time. But if the inhabitants will heed nature's warnings and take proper precautions in the location and construction of buildings and other structures, such earthquakes are not likely to do much damage.
Travel times of body waves in the moon
Authors: Nakamura Yosio , Latham Gary V. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Travel times and amplitudes of body waves in lunar models have been computed. The effect of a low-velocity zone upon the travel times and amplitudes of body waves is likely to be small unless the condition for the existence of a shadow zone at short to moderate epicentral distances is nearly satisfied. The PKP phase from a possible central core of the moon is likely to have a large amplitude in the area opposite to the epicenter.
The motion and damping of buildings relative to seismic response spectra
Authors: Blume John A. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The response spectrum is very useful in dynamic analysis even though its use for multimass systems involves approximations as to modal combinations. It is especially useful in predicting effects of possible real earthquakes or of proposed nuclear detonations because it may be postulated or predicted much more readily than a complete time history of ground motion. The relationships of multimass system response—in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, shear, and moment—to elastic spectral response are given, together with examples taken from the AEC nuclear testing program in Nevada. The effects of relative building stiffnesses and stiffness taper on mode shape and thus on response are shown, as are the base shears relative to spectral response for several idealized fundamental mode shapes.
A Spectral Response Reconciliation procedure is presented and demonstrated by which procedure spectral response is reconciled with measured real building motion to obtain damping or other data under actual response to ground motion of any intensity. Damping values of highrise buildings are determined by this procedure.
Comparisons are made between 5 per cent damped response spectral values at the fundamental mode period of buildings and measured building motion.
Surface-wave dispersion computations
Authors: Schwab Fred , Knopoff Leon 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Fundamental-mode Love- and Rayleigh-wave dispersion computations for multilayered, perfectly-elastic media were studied. The speed of these computations was improved, and the accuracy brought under full control. With sixteen decimal digits employed in these computations, fifteen significant-figure accuracy was found possible with Love waves and twelve to thirteen figure accuracy with Rayleigh waves. In order to ensure that the computed dispersion is correct to a specified accuracy, say σ significant figures, (σ + 1)/4 wavelengths of layered structure must be retained above a homogeneous half-space. To this accuracy, the homogeneous half-space is a sufficient model of the true layering it replaces. Using this result, it was possible to refine the usual layer-reduction technique so as to ensure retention of the specified accuracy while employing reduction. With this reduction technique in effect, and with σ specified below single-precision accuracy, the program can be run entirely in single precision; the specified accuracy is maintained without overflow or loss-of-precision problems being encountered during calculations.
Transient elastic waves in an inhomogeneous layer
Authors: Scott R. A. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The excitation, by lateral loads, of transients in a layer of a transversely inhomogeneous solid with constant speeds of propagation is considered. Formal solutions in terms of the modes of harmonic wave propagation are developed, and from these and a low frequency, large wavelength approximation a far-field approximation to the response is derived.
Travel times, variational parameters, and Love numbers for Moon models
Authors: Derr John S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Travel time graphs are given for previously defined Moon models for phases P, pP, PP, sS, SS, L, and R for focal depths 5, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 1000 km. The teleseismic travel times for most models are significantly different. Variational parameters are graphed and tabulated to allow inversion of surface wave phase velocities and free oscillation periods. Love numbers are computed for all models and found to be essentially invariant for reasonable solid models.
Analysis of ground motions at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station April 9, 1968
Authors: Housner G. W. , West P. J. , Johnson C. G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Borrego Mountain earthquake of 9 April 1968 produced ground shaking having 5 per cent g maximum acceleration at the 450 MWe San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station site. The recorded motion showed two distinct phases separated by about six seconds. The spectra of these phases differ markedly, presumably reflecting differences in source generation. There was no damage at the plant. More recently, a special seismic central accelerograph system has been installed to record the earthquake-induced motion of the concrete base of the containment structure and the response motion of the steam generators and pressurizer. Experience with the installation and operation of the expanded accelerograph system is reviewed with suggestions offered for alleviating problems due to system malfunction.
Digital filters for response spectra
Authors: Beaudet P. R. , Wolfson S. J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An optimum numerical method for calculating the pseudo-relative velocity response spectra for digitized seismic acceleration records is developed.
The method is optimal in that given a specified tolerance, one of a class of computational formulae is selected to minimize computational time. This technique is believed to be faster than all other procedures known currently for obtaining the pseudo-relative velocity response spectra and the general approach is applicable to other processes which are based on the solution to a given differential equation.
Source mechanism of the Truckee, California, earthquake of September 12 1966
Authors: Tsai Yi-Ben , Aki Keiiti 
Published: September 2021

abstract
With additional data on P wave polarities, the existing fault plane solution for the Truckee, California, earthquake of September 12 1966 (Ryall, Van Wormer and Jones, 1968) is revised to have the following strike and dip angles for its nodal planes:
Strike Dip Plane A N 44°E 80°SE Plane B N 134°E 90°
Nodal plane A is shown to agree very well with the aftershock zone determined by Greensfelder (1968).
The observed Rayleigh and Love wave amplitude spectra from four WWSSN stations in the eastern United States are consistent with the revised solution, but not with the original one by Ryall et al. From these data, the focal depth and seismic moment of the earthquake are determined as 10 km and 0.83 × 1025 dyne-cm, respectively. The focal depth so obtained is the same as that determined from the near station travel time data by Ryall et al. The seismic moment is used to give a minimum estimate of about 30 cm for the average dislocation of the fault.
The foreshock-aftershock sequence of the March 20 1966 earthquake in the Republic of Congo
Authors: Lahr John , Pomeroy Paul W. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The activity associated with the Congo earthquake of March 20 1966 (mb = 6.5 to 7) was studied with emphasis on the time and magnitude distributions. The data were recorded at the Abéché, Chad, seismograph station operated by Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. Over a period of about 70 days, 815 earthquakes with magnitude (mb) greater than or equal to 3.3 were recorded, and they form the basis for this study.
The aftershocks are distributed with magnitude (mb) according to the formula long n = a - bm with b = 1.05 ± 0.07 at the 95 per cent confidence limits. The foreshocks have b = 1.06 ± 0.35 at the 95 per cent confidence limits. These b values are in general agreement with b values derived from other aftershock sequences throughout the world.
Some authors have suggested that foreshocks may have a lower b value than background activity and that this difference might be used in earthquake prediction. In this paper, an evaluation is made of the limitations of this method of prediction. Assuming that such a difference in b values does exist, it is found that a closely spaced network of high-gain seismographs with wide dynamic range would be required to assure successful prediction.
Casualties and behavior of populations during earthquakes
Authors: Lomnitz Cinna 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A positive correlation is established between the time of day and the number of victims in Chilean earthquakes. This correlation is attributed to a 24-hr cycle of dwelling occupancy. The incidence of foreshocks lowers the number of casualties. These observations are of interest to earthquake engineering design and to emergency measures for the protection of human populations in earthquakes.
The effect of focal depth on the spectra of P waves I. Theoretical formulation
Authors: Guha Shyamal K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Since the Earth's free surface acts as a reflector, one may except the spectra of seismic body waves to be influenced by the focal depth of an earthquake. In order to investigate this effect, a boundary value problem has been formulated involving (n − 1) homogeneous, isotropic, perfectly elastic plane layers overlying a homogeneous half-space. The sources of the elastic waves are represented as discontinuities of stress across a conceptual interface inside the medium. Certain functions of the wave potentials which govern the solution of the boundary value problem are denoted as the source functions in the mathematical formulation of the problem. Expressions for the source functions for P and SV waves are derived for different kinds of point sources, including a double couple point source oriented in an arbitrary manner inside the medium.
Exact solutions of SH wave equation for inhomogeneous media
Authors: Bhattacharya S. N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The SH wave equation in a vertically inhomogeneous elastic medium has been considered. It is possible to determine all vertical inhomogeneities for which the SH wave equation can be solved in terms of standard transcendental functions. The inhomogeneities where either shear-wave velocity, modulus of rigidity, or density is constant have also been considered. A few simple inhomogeneities and their solutions in terms of hypergeometric, Whittaker, Bessel and exponential functions have been given.
The leaky-mode period equation—a plane-wave approach
Authors: Alsop L. E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is shown that the plane-wave picture of a leaky mode proposed by Burg, Ewing, Press and Stulkin (1951) yields the accepted period equation for leaky modes in a water layer a half-space. The resultant mode is formed by an inhomogeneous wave with real frequency and complex wave number and phase velocity. Another form of mode considered is that formed by a homogeneous wave in the guide with real phase velocity and complex frequency and wave number. The phase-velocity dispersion curve for this case is appropriate for determining shear-wave coupling to PL waves. The procedures of the article could be readily extended to the more complicated case of a solid layer over a half-space. It is also demonstrated that the derivative of the real part of angular frequency with respect to the real part of the wave number is a good approximation to the group velocity for leaky modes with low losses.
Amplification of seismic body waves by low-velocity surface layers
Authors: Murphy J. R. , Davis A. H. , Weaver N. L. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Frequency-dependent amplification of seismic waves by near-surface low-velocity layers is a well-known phenomenon. This phenomenon was examined from both the analytic and experimental viewpoints for body waves (P, SV, SH). Groundmotion data, recorded in conjunction with the underground nuclear testing program at the Nevada Test Site, are used to provide experimental validation of the analytic models. Experimental amplification factors are derived from these data for a variety of recording-site near-surface geological configurations (alluvium, mine tailings, fill) and a wide dynamic range of ground-motion intensity (10−5 to 100 g). The variability in the mean amplification observed at a site for repeated measurements is described statistically. This analysis shows that, although the amplification at a given site varies on the average by a factor of about 1.4 across the frequency band of interest, from detonation to detonation, the frequency and magnitude of the dominant amplification are fairly consistent. The quality of the comparisons of the observed and calculated amplification indicates that the available linear analytic models are capable of describing the major features of the frequency-dependent amplification observed for this wide range of groundmotion intensity and recording-site geology.
Fundamental statistical techniques for the analysis of earth tides
Authors: Pan Cheh 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Recent advances in instrumentation, digital computer technology and mathematical theory promote the error analysis of Earth-tide data. Various statistical techniques developed and used in other fields are applicable in the study of Earth tides, and the accuracy of the Earth's rigidity constants determined from the tides will be greatly improved with the help of these techniques. The fundamentals of the statistical techniques of autocorrelation, crosscorrelation, convolution, statistical means, bandpass filtering, correlation coefficients, power spectra, coherency and equalization are described, and their principal applications in the Earth-tide analysis summarized. Examples of effective application of these techniques in the elimination of the errors in the tidal data such as those introduced from instrumental drift, phase differences between the observed and predicted tides, etc. are discussed. This work is an attempt to introduce statistical analysis into the Earth-tide study.
Elastodynamics of a wedge
Authors: Forristall George Z. , Ingram John D. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The problem of wave propagation in an elastic wedge of arbitrary angle has defied standard mathematical approaches, and no analytical solution has been given, although respectable approximations are available. We give here a new approach to the problem of the response of an elastic wedge to dynamically-varying surface tractions, based on the Kontorovich-Lebedev transform and evaluation of joint distributions to give a singular integral equation. Algorithmic methods of solution of such equations are known, and thus the solution of the original problem is reduced to a series of numerical quadratures. However, the singular integral equation will be useful not only for such straightforward numerical methods, but as a convenient form for the development of ray theories.
An earthquake cluster at Koyna
Authors: Guha S. K. , Gosavi P. D. , Padale J. G. , Marwadi S. C. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Large numbers of earthquakes of varying magnitudes have occurred in the vicinity of Koyna Dam, Maharashtra, India, since 1962 following the impounding of the reservoir. These earthquakes were shallow, mostly within 10 km of the Earth's surface. These low-magnitude earthquakes were followed by two earthquakes of shallow focus and of magnitudes 5.8 and 7.0, respectively. In the latter earthquake, an acceleration of 0.6 g was recorded.
Active displacement on the Calaveras fault zone at Hollister, California
Authors: Rogers Thomas H. , Nason Robert D. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The Calaveras fault zone, which is a major branch of the San Andreas fault system in northern California, passes through the City of Hollister 160 km (100 miles) southeast of San Francisco. Active fault displacement (fault creep slippage) has occurred in and near Hollister along a fault trace within the Calaveras fault zone. Various man-made structures crossing the fault trace have been deformed and gradually offset in a right-lateral sense. The amount of offset varies directly with age of the structure. The maximum offset is 33 cm (13 in) of a sidewalk constructed in the period 1909 to 1914.
Offsets on dated structures indicate displacement rates of approximately 2 mm/yr (0.08 in/yr) from 1909 to 1925 and 6 mm/yr (0.24 in/yr) from 1925 to 1967. Data obtained from periodic measurement of specially designed survey lines and instruments have indicated a displacement rate of 9 mm/yr (0.4 in/yr) since May 1967. Displacements of the survey lines are not associated with local earthquake events.
Rates of active fault displacement vary with time and position along the Calaveras and San Andreas fault zones in the Hollister area. The pattern of this variation suggests that active displacement on the San Andreas fault zone may be transferring northeastward to the Calaveras fault zone.
A velocity structure of the Earth's core
Authors: Buchbinder Goetz G. R. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Travel times and amplitudes of PKP, P2KP and higher multiple K phases are determined from a worldwide distribution of short-period seismograms. The sources are one explosion in Novaya-Zemlya and seven earthquakes, consisting of one intermediate focus event in the New Hebrides, and deep-focus events in Fiji, Java, Kermadec Islands, and Peru. The data are used to determine a new velocity model of the lowest mantle and the core. In the new velocity model 132, the velocity of the bottom of the mantle is 13.44 km/sec; the core mantle boundary is placed at 2892 ± 2 km. The velocity model of the core produces the PKP caustic B1 at 143° and the P2KP caustic B2 at −125°. A velocity discontinuity of 0.01 km/sec at a depth of 4550 km represents the top of the transition zone to account for the earliest forerunners of PKP. To account for the later forerunners a second discontinuity of 0.02 km/sec is placed at a depth of 4850 km. Since the forerunner data could not be resolved into branches, neither discontinuity is well defined.
The top of the inner core boundary is placed at a depth of 5145 km with an uncertainty of at least 10 km and represents a discontinuity of 0.576 km/sec. Older core models have transition zone discontinuities an order of magnitude larger than those of model 132 with a discontinuity at the inner core boundary of about 1 km/sec. The smaller velocity discontinuities are a result of interpreting the amplitudes and travel times of PKP so that the turning points D and G are located at 120° and 140°, respectively, rather than at 110° and 125° as in previous interpretations.
Amplitude ratios of PKP phases yield an inner core Q of about 400 and amplitude ratios of P3KP, P4KP and P5KP result in an outer core Q of about 4000.