bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuevas noticias sobre el retablo gótico de Santa Catalina de Alejandría de la iglesia de San Pablo de Zaragoza: obra del pintor Miguel Ximénez y de su hijo Juan
Authors: Nuria Ortiz Valero  
Published: December 2021

Resumen
El retablo gótico de santa Catalina de Alejandría entre san Juan Bautista y santa María Magdalena que se conserva en la capilla de Santiago de la iglesia de San Pablo de Zaragoza ha sido atribuido por investigadores a diversos artistas a lo largo del tiempo. Un documento conservado en el Archivo Histórico de Protocolos de Zaragoza nos permite afirmar que se trata de una obra llevada a cabo por los pintores Miguel Ximénez y Juan Ximénez en torno a 1498.
Palabras clave: retablo, gótico, hispano-flamenco, Miguel Ximénez, Juan Ximénez, iglesia de San Pablo, santa Catalina de Alejandría, Zaragoza.

Abstract

The Gothic altarpiece of santa Catalina de Alejandría between san Juan Bautista and santa Maria Magdalena that is preserved in the Chapel of Santiago’s Church of San Pablo in Zaragoza has been attributed by researchers to various artists over time. A document preserved in the Historical Archive of Protocols of Zaragoza allows us to affirm that it is a work carried out by the painters Miguel Ximénez and Juan Ximénez around 1498.
Keywords: altarpiece, gothic, Hispanic-Flemish, Miguel Ximénez, Juan Ximénez, church of San Pablo, santa Catalina de Alejandría, Zaragoza.
'Marginalia' para los 'Hechos de los Apóstoles' de Rafael Sanzio. Escenas bíblicas y cenefas enigmáticas
Authors: Concha Herrero Carretero  
Published: December 2021

Resumen
La Historia de los Apóstoles de Felipe II es testimonio patente del extraordinario éxito alcanzado por la tapicería de los Hechos de los Apóstoles concebida por Rafael Sanzio para completar la decoración pictórica de la Capilla Sixtina por encargo de León X. El magnífico estado de conservación de sus nueve tapices, adquiridos a mediados del siglo XVI en el Pand o Lonja de tapiceros de Amberes, ofrece un referente clave para el estudio de la traslación en los telares de Jan van Tieghem y Frans Gheteels de los cartones diseñados por el pintor de Urbino. Unas breves pinceladas descriptivas de las escenas y las cenefas alegóricas que las enmarcan permiten subrayar el significado doctrinal, filosófico y humanista de la tapicería y establecer ciertas concomitancias entre los pasajes bíblicos de los ciclos petrino y paulino y el vasto repertorio de alegorías cristianas y profanas, marginalia extraída de las Logias vaticanas, o la incorporada a posteriori para las reediciones de Francisco I, el cardenal Ercole Gonzaga y la conservada en la colección real española.
Palabras clave: Rafael Sanzio, León X, Felipe II, Jan van Thiegem, Frans Gheteels, Bruselas, tapices, colección real española.

Abstract

The History of the Apostles by Philip II is a clear testimony to the extraordinary success achieved by the tapestry of the Acts of the Apostles designed by Raphael Sanzio to complete the pictorial decoration of the Sistine Chapel commissioned by Leo X. The magnificent state of preservation of his nine tapestries, acquired in the mid-16th century from the Antwerp tapestry dealers’ market, provides a key point of reference for the study of the transfer of the cartoons designed by the painter from Urbino to the looms of Jan van Tieghem and Frans Gheteels. A few brief descriptive strokes of the scenes and the allegorical borders that frame them allow us to underline the doctrinal, philosophical and humanist significance of the tapestry, and to establish certain concomitances between the biblical passages of the Petrine and Pauline cycles and the vast repertoire of Christian and profane allegories, marginalia extracted from the Vatican Loggia, or that incorporated a posteriori for the reeditions of Francis I, Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga and that preserved in the Spanish royal collection.
Keywords: Raphael Sanzio, Leo X, Philip II, Jan van Thiegem, Frans Gheteels, Brussels, tapestries, Spanish royal collection.
El viaje de una imagen. Una copia de la última cena del oratorio Gonfalone de Roma en la iglesia del Salvador de Teruel
Authors: Pedro Luis Hernando Sebastián  
Published: December 2021

Resumen
En el Museo de Arte Sacro de Teruel se conserva una pintura sobre tabla con la escena de la Sagrada Cena. Con el presente trabajo pretendemos estudiar su relación con el Oratorio del Gonfalone de Roma y demostrar que, gracias a la generalización de la producción de estampas y grabados, este territorio pudo acceder a las mejores obras de arte e incorporarse a las rutas de comunicación artística del momento.
Palabras clave: iconografía, grabados, siglo XVII, Teruel, Agresti.

Abstract

In the Museum of Sacred Art of Teruel there is a painting on panel with the scene of the Sacred Supper. With this work we intend to study its relationship with the Oratory of the Gonfalone in Rome. Also, to demonstrate that, thanks to the generalization of the production of prints and engravings, this territory was able to access the best works of art and to join the routes of artistic communication of the period.
Keywords: iconography, engravings, 17th century, Teruel, Agresti.
A Family Support In Providing Care To The Elderly :Literature Review
Authors: Fitanoka Luluk Dian , Aryati Dyah Putri 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Backgrounds: Family support in providing care to the elderly is very important because it affects the quality of life. Forms of family support are emotional support, instrumental support, informational support, and support for assessment or appreciation. This study aims to determine the description of family support in providing care to the elderly. Search articles using the Garba Garuda database to find 6 articles in the 2012-2021 period according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which was then carried out by a literature review. From the 5 articles analyzed, the result showed that there were 3 caregories of family support, namely the good category as many a 116 (34,63%) respondents, the sufficient category as many as 175 (52,23%) respondents and the less category as many as 44 (3,13%) responden. This research literature 6 articles have the most family support with good category as many as 175 (52,23%) respondents. Thus, it is necessary to increase support for health promotion related to daily care for the elderly.Keywords: family support,, elderly, elderly care.
AbstrakDukungan keluarga dalam permberian perawatan lansia sangat penting karena mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Bentuk dukungan keluarga yaitu dukungan emosional, dukungan instrumental, dukungan informasional, dan dukungan penilaian atau penghargaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dukungan keluarga dalam pemberian perawatan pada lansia. Pencarian artikel menggunakan database Garba Garuda, dan Researchgate untuk menemukan 6 artikel dalam rentang waktu 2012-2021 sesuai kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang kemudian dilakukan literature review. Dari 6artikel yang dianalisa didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat 3 kategori dukungan keluarga yaitu kategori baik sebanyak 116 (34,63%) responden, kategori cukup sebanyak 175 (52,23%) responden dan katrgori kurang sebanyak 44 (13,13%) responden. Penelitian literatur 6 artikel ini mempunyai dukungan keluarga paling banyak dengan kategori baik sebanyak 175 (52,23%) responden. Dengan demikian perlu adanya peningkatan dukungan promosi Kesehatan terkait perawatan sehari-hari pada lansia.Kata kunci: Dukungan Keluarga, Lansia, Perawatan Lansia.
SESSİZLİK VAR MIDIR?
Authors: UMUZDAŞ Mehmet Serkan , UMUZDAŞ Serpil 
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma ile; “sessizlik var mıdır?” araştırma sorusu odağında, okuyucuların; bilimin amaçladığı gibi düşünmeye ve tartışma yapmaya dair aksiyon almalarını sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada, argümanı yürütecek dökümanlar derlenmiştir.

Sesin ortaya çıkmasına neden olan ana olgunun titreşim olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ses, bir ajana ait atomların ileri ve geri hareket etmesiyle titreşerek enerji yaymasıyla üretilir. Bu titreşim, katalizörün etrafında bulunan hava, sıvı veya katı formdaki bir ortamı titreştirir ve hareket eden hava, yayılan enerjiyi her yöne taşır. Seslerin müzik tanımı içine girebilmesi; bir sese ilişkin uyumluluk ve anlamlılık algısı, içinde bulunulan topluma göre değişiklik gösterir. Duyulan seslerin müzik mi gürültü mü olduğu, toplum ve kültür bağlamındaki öznel algıdan ibarettir. Toplumların, genetik veya coğrafik bağlamda kendilerine tanıdık gelen sesleri uyumlu ve anlaşılır nitelendirerek müzik olarak algılamaları muhtemeldir.
Sesin algılanış biçimi; sesin özelliklerini oluşturan süre, yoğunluk ve frekans gibi değişkenleri ayırt etme yeteneğini içerir. Bu özellikler, bireylerin ya da toplumların sesleri yorumlama ve anlamlandırma becerisini geliştirir. Literatürdeki ilgili deneyde, sesin gaz, sıvı, katı gibi bir ortamdan geçen bir titreşim olması nedeniyle dünyada (laboratuvar kaynaklı vakum dışında) fiilen sessiz olan hiçbir yer olmadığı kanıtlanmıştır. Sessizlik olarak betimlediğimiz olgu, kulağımızla duyabildiğimiz ses aralığı dışında kalan seslerdir. Böylece; reel olarak, bugünkü teknolojik imkânlarımız ve beyin kapasitemizle sessizlik diye bir şey olmadığını söylemek mümkündür.
Pediatri Doktor Ve Hemşirelerinde Öfke, Problem Çözme Ve Tükenmişlik (Sivas İl Örneği)
Authors: KELEŞ Canan , YILDIRIM Ferdağ 
Published: December 2021

Özet:
Bu araştırma pediatri doktor ve hemşirelerinin öfke, problem çözme ve tükenmişlik düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla kesitsel-tanımlayıcı modelde tasarlanmıştır. 92 hemşire ve 51 doktor ile yapılan araştırmanın verileri ‘Kişisel Bilgi Formu’, ‘Öfke ve Öfkeyi İfade Etme Tarzı Ölçeği, ‘Problem Çözme Envanteri’ ve ‘Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği’ kullanılarak toplanmış, SSPS 22,0 programında analiz edilmiştir. Veriler Mann-Whitney U, Kruskall-Wallis ve Pearson korelasyon testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Örneklem grubunu oluşturan pediatri hemşirelerinin öfke kontrol düzeylerinin yüksek (20,86±6,70), problem çözme becerilerinin zayıf (hemşire=2,34±0,68) olduğu, pediatri doktorlarının öfke kontrolünün zayıf (21,63±6,52), problem çözme becerilerinin yüksek (2,46±0,47) olduğu ve her iki meslek grubunun da tükenmişlik yaşadıkları (doktor=28,61±12,06, hemşire=26,90±11,90) belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada sürekli öfke ile tükenmişlik arasında pozitif yönlü orta dereceli, problem çözme ile tükenmişlik arasında negatif yönde zayıf ilişki belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen sonuçlar doğrultusunda; hemşirelik eğitiminde olduğu kadar, mezuniyet sonrasında da kurumlarda öfke ve problem çözme yeterliliğine yönelik programların geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI TELEGRAM PADA KEGIATAN PRAMUKA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: SHODIQ WAKHIDIN , FAUZI FAUZI 
Published: December 2021

This research uses development procedures that result in product design in the form of IT-based learning media development using the Telegram Application. This product researchers developed using research steps from Borg and Gall and THE ASSURE Model. The product developed in this study is an IT-based learning medium using the Telegram Application. With time constraints, researchers limit the steps of development procedures to only 6 (six) steps, namely (1) potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) validation, (5) design revision, and (6) trials. The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of IT-based learning media in the Telegram Application used in scouting education activities at Ambalan Bhira Sma Negeri 3 Purwokerto during the Covid-19 pandemic.
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur pengembangan yang menghasilkan desain produk berupa pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis IT dengan menggunakan Aplikasi Telegram. Produk ini peneliti kembangkan dengan menggunakan langkah-langkah penelitian dari Borg and Gall dan Model ASSURE. Produk yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu media pembelajaran berbasis IT menggunakan Aplikasi Telegram. Dengan adanya keterbatasan waktu, maka peneliti membatasi langkah-langkah prosedur pengembangan hanya pada 6 (enam) langkah, yaitu (1) potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi, (5) revisi desain, dan (6) uji coba. Tujuan penelitian kali ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas media pembelajaran berbasis IT pada Aplikasi Telegram yang digunakan dalam kegiatan Lajutin Pendidikan Kepramukaan di Ambalan Bhira SMA Negeri 3 Purwokerto pada masa pandemi Covid-19.
Assessment of potential beach erosion risk and impact of coastal zone development: a case study on Bongpo–Cheonjin Beach
Authors: Lim Changbin , Kim Tae Kon , Lee Sahong , Yeon Yoon Jeong , Lee Jung Lyul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In many parts, coastal erosion is severe due to human-induced coastal zone
development and storm impacts, in addition to climate change. In this study, the beach erosion risk was defined, followed by a quantitative assessment of potential beach erosion risk based on three components associated with the watershed, coastal zone development, and episodic storms. On an embayed beach, the background erosion due to development in the watershed affects sediment supply from rivers to the beach, while alongshore redistribution of sediment transport caused by construction of a harbor induces shoreline reshaping, for which the parabolic-type equilibrium bay shape model is adopted. To evaluate beach erosion during storms, the return period (frequency) of a storm occurrence was evaluated from long-term beach survey data conducted four times per year. Beach erosion risk was defined, and assessment was carried out for each component, from which the results were combined to construct a combined potential erosion risk curve to be used in the environmental impact assessment. Finally, the proposed method was applied to Bongpo–Cheonjin Beach in Gangwon-do, South Korea, with the support of a series of aerial photographs taken from 1972 to 2017 and beach survey data obtained from the period commencing in 2010. The satisfactory outcomes derived from this study are expected to benefit eroding beaches elsewhere.
Kepuasan Pengguna Wika Solar Water Heater Menggunakan Metode Importance Performance Analysis Dan Customer Satisfaction Index Pada CV Vania Jaya Plumbing
Authors: Irvani Andre , Arif Muhammad , Rahmi Hanifatul 
Published: December 2021

Wika Solar Water Heater merupakan pemanas air yang memanfaatkan tenaga matahari sebagai sumber energi yang aman dan ramah lingkungan. Produk wika solar water heater ditujukan untuk keperluan perumahan/residensial dan komersial seperti Hotel, Apartemen, Rumah Sakit, Industri dan sebagainya. Banyaknya perusahaan lain yang menawarkan produk dalam bisnis water heater saat ini menimbulkan permasalahan yang harus dihadapi oleh pihak perusahaan. Hal utama dalam permasalahan yang dihadapi seperti kualitas layanan yang diberikan oleh pihak perusahaan kepada pelanggan. Berdasarkan data tersebut peneliti merasa perlu dilakukannya penelitian untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kepuasan pelanggan, metode yang dapat digunakan diantaranya Importance performance analysis (IPA) dan Customer Statisfaction Index (CSI). Importance performance analysis memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan metode lain. Hasil dari penelitian ini Peneliti memperoleh nilai IPA untuk sumbu x sebesar 3,36 dan nilai untuk sumbu y sebesar 3,38. Sedangkan untuk nilai CSI sebesar 0,672 atau 67,2% yang berarti pada kisaran antara 0,61-0,80. Berdasarkan hasil CSI tersebut, maka kualitas pelayanan pada CV Vania Jaya Plumbing tersebut merasa puas terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh karyawan selama ini.
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Quarterly Boiling Range Distribution of Iraqi Crude Oil by Simulated Distillation Method
Authors: Alhead Aliaa K. , Khaleel Shatha F. 
Published: December 2021

This study includes analysis of different crude oil stock for various field Iraqi oil by gas chromatography instrument, using simulated distillation technique for determining the initial and final boiling point distribution and specified compound distillation information (normal paraffins) (Recovery W/W) for (nC5 – nC44), ASTM-D5307 becomes the analytical method. This method need tow samples; the first one spiked with internal standard and the second without internal standard. This analysis for quantitative and qualitative oil characterization which is often useful for evaluating the range of hydrocarbons in crude oil using Simulated Distillation. The study was performed using:

Quarterly analysis of SIMDIS GC Distillation for three field (East Baghdad, Badra, Amara)
Comparison of analyzes of SIMDIS GC Distillation with Different API (light, intermediate, heavy) with Initial boiling point (IBP).
Finding experimental relationship between API and Initial boiling point (IBP):

The result of this study shows that the boiling point increase as the number of carbon is increase, the values of n-Pentane (nC5) to n- Tetratetracontane (nC44) (w/w) changes from winter and summer (difference in temperatures), Positive correlation between C6 and C5 with API, where their percentages increase with increasing API for crude oil and C6 and C5 are lower in summer than in winter due to the evaporation of light components of the samples in summer. Initial boiling point increase as the API is decrease that mean in crude oil have heavy component increases and light component decrease (inverse relationship).
تقييم السحنات الدقيقة لتكوين قره جيني (الترياسي المتأخر) وسيناريو تطور حوضه الرسوبي في شمالي وشمال غربي العراق
Authors: الحمداني عبد العزيز م , علي محمد س , الدباغ مها م 
Published: December 2021

يركز البحث الحالي على تقييم السحنات الدقيقة لتكوين قره جيني (الترياسي المتأخر) في أربعة ابار نفطية، هي: قند (Kd-1) وعين زاله (29AZ-) وبطمة (Bm-15) وعلان (Aa-2). ويتألف التكوين من تعاقب من الحجر الجيري البني الداكن والمسود والدولومايت والانهايدرايت والاشرطة السجيلية. وبالإضافة الى السحنتين الانهايدرايتية والسجيلية فقد ميزت عشرة سحنات كاربونايتية دقيقة تبعاً للمحتوى الاحيائي والصخري والنسيج. واعتماداً على نتائج السحنات الدقيقة والصخارية، تبين ان تكوين قره جيني قد ترسب تحت طيف واسع من البيئات الترسيبية ضمن مواقع المنزلقات الكاربونايتية. وتعد ترسبات المزلق الداخلي هي الأكثر شيوعاً ضمن تعاقبات التكوين في بئري عين زاله وعلان. بينما تظهر ترسبات المزلقين الأوسط والخارجي، فضلاً عن ترسبات المزلق الداخلي، بوضوح ضمن تعاقبات بئري بطمه وقند. واستنادا الى سطوح عدم التوافق فقد قُسم التكوين الى ثلاث وحدات طباقية، تبدأ بعمر الكاريني المبكر ضمن الترياسي المتأخر وتنتهي في الجوراسي المبكر. ويتباين سمك هذه الوحدات في مقاطع الدراسة، وذلك نظراً لتباين الأحداث التكتونية ومعدلات التجلس.
In Junior High School Boys, a Comparison Of Hollow Sprint and Acceleration Sprint Methods on the Sprinter 100 Meters
Authors: Akbari Rian , Pardilla Herli , Zulfah Zulfah 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study. The purpose of this study was to describe the increase in extracurricular spint abilities of male students at SMP Negeri 03. The research method was this study using an experiment with a quasi-experimental type of research and the research pattern used in this study was a nonequivalent control group design.
Materials and methods. This design involves two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group, and the time of the study was carried out in June 2021. The subjects of this research were 10 extracurricular students of SMP Negeri 03 Bangkinang, Kampar Regency.
Results. The results of this study can be concluded that the results of the 100 meter sprint ability of male extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 03 Bangkinang Kampar Regency with an average sprint ability of 100 meters 0.933, thus it can be concluded that by using the hollow sprint method on acceleration can improve the ability to run 100 sprints.
Conclusions. Based on the results of data analysis, description, testing of research results and discussion, conclusions can be drawn based on the results of calculations that have been carried out, a significant value of 1.080 1.054 is obtained. Thus, the hypothesis states that there is a significant difference between the hollow sprint and accelerating sprint exercises on the 100-meter running speed of male students of SMP Negeri 3 Bangkinang in the 2020/2021 academic year, which is acceptable.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI BAURAN PEMASARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN VOLUME PENJUALAN PADA CONFETTI PROJECT SAMARINDA KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Waty Esy Vita Tresia 
Published: December 2021

The background of this research is to remember the importance of marketing to be able to maintain and increase product sales from Confetti Project.The purpose of this research is to find out the marketing strategies used by Confetti Project in increasing the number of sales of these products. This research uses descriptive research methods in the form of written or oral data from interviews with industry owners.The results of this study indicate thet the implementation of the mareting mix strategy in increasing sales volume at Confetti Project Samarinda Kalimantan Timur has been going very well.
Case study of deep STE event of ozone at a low latitude Indian station using simultaneous balloon borne ozonesonde and surface ozone measurements
Authors: GANGULY NANDITAD 
Published: December 2021

{kksHkeaMy esa vkst+ksu dh ek=k dks izHkkfor djus okys egRoiw.kZ dkjd vkst+ksu dk lerkieaMy {kksHkeaMy esa ijLij fofue; ¼STE½ dk gksuk gSA ;g loZekU; ckr gS fd fuEu v{kka’kksa ij lerkieaMy {kksHkeaMy fofue; ¼STE½ vis{kkd`r vlkekU; gksrk gSA blfy, bl 'kks/k i= esa vkstksu lkSans] mixzg ,oa ijkcSaxuh izdk’kfed vkst+ksu fo’ys"kd vkadM+ksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, Hkkjr ds fuEu v{kka’k ij fLFkr Å".k dfVca/kh; vkst+ksu ds lerkieaMy {kksHkeaMy fofue; ¼STE½ dh ?kVuk dk xgjkbZ ls v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA
Stratosphere Troposphere Exchange (STE) of ozone is an important factor influencing the budget of ozone in the troposphere. It is well established that STE is relatively uncommon at low latitudes. Therefore a case study of deep STE event of ozone at a low latitude tropical coastal site of India is presented in the paper using ozonesonde, satellite and UV photometric ozone analyzer data.
Crosswind integrated concentration for various dispersion parameter systems
Authors: SMESSA KHALED , METMAN SOAD 
Published: December 2021

LFkkuh; Lrj izdh.kZu ds fy, xkSlh;u fiPNd ekWMy ¼Gaussian Plume Model½ dk O;kid :i ls iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vuqizLFk iou dh dqy lkanzrk Kkr djus ds fy, xkSlh;u lw= ¼QkWewyk½ dks laxfBr fd;k gSA vuqizLFk iou dh dqy lkanzrk dh x.kuk djus ds fy, izdh.kZu izkpyksa dh fHkUu&fHkUu iz.kkfy;ksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA lrg Lrj esa Å¡pkbZ ds vuqlkj iou xfr dh fHkUurk dk o.kZu djus ds fy, ykxfjFehd foaM izksQkby dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA blesa NksM+h tkus okyh izHkkoh Å¡pkbZ dks /;ku esa j[kk x;k gSA fHkUu fHkUu izdh.kZu izkpy iz.kkfy;ksa ds fy, iwokZuqekfur lkanzrkvksa vkSj dksisugsxu ds folj.k iz;ksx ls izkIr fd, x, izsf{kr vk¡dM+ksa dh rqyuk djus ds fy, lkaf[;dh; ifjekiksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
The Gaussian plume model is the most widely used model for local scale dispersion. The Gaussian formula has been integrated to obtain the crosswind-integrated concentration. Different systems of dispersion parameters are used to calculate the crosswind integrated concentration. A logarithmic wind profile is used to describe the variation of wind speed with height in the surface layer. The effective release height was taken into consideration. Statistical measures are utilized in the comparison between the predicted concentrations for different dispersion parameter systems and the observed concentrations data obtained from Copenhagen diffusion experiment.