bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 Postbiotic Induces Apoptosis by Activating the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yavaş Adem , Akan Ecem , Aksel Mehran , Erbay Zafer 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims: Chemotherapy uses agents that selectively target cancer cells but can also cause collateral damage to healthy tissues and lead to significant side effects. These toxic agents have major adverse effects on noncancerous tissues. It is therefore imperative to develop safe and efficacious alternative therapeutic strategies capable of inducing apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro how postbiotics derived from heat‐killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 affect human prostate cancer cells.Methods: Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 strain was cultured in MRS broth at a concentration of 109 colony forming units (cfu) per milliliter. The activated probiotics were then heat treated at 75°C for 60 min to inactivate them and postbiotics were obtained. The inhibitory effects of heat‐killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 on LNCaP and PC3 cells were assessed through an MTT assay. The apoptotic impact of postbiotics on the cells was validated using Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide (HO/PI) staining. Additionally, western blotting was employed to examine the expression of cytochrome‐c (cyt‐c), Bcl2, Bax, and caspase‐3–9 proteins associated with the apoptotic pathway. Additionally, the levels of antioxidant and oxidant enzymes were measured in both cell lines using established colorimetric methods and commercial kits.Results: MTT results showed that the postbiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 had IC50 values of 107 and 108 cfu/mL on LNCaP and PC3 cells, respectively. HO/PI results showed postbiotic‐induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Heat‐killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 increased the expression of cyt‐c, caspase‐9, Bax, and caspase‐3 protein levels and decreased Bcl2 expression in LNCaP and PC3 cell lines. However, caspase‐8 was not detected. In addition, high‐dose postbiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 (108 and 109 cfu/mL) increased the activity of oxidants ROS and MDA and suppressed the activity of antioxidants GSH, SOD, and CAT.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that postbiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus LA‐5 from heat inactivation could cause apoptosis and impede the proliferation of LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells in vitro.
From Outbreaks to Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Monkeypox Virus Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccination, and Deep Learning Applications
Authors: Ahmadi Shahed , Amirzadeh Mahdi , Ahmadi Mousa , Soleiman-Meigooni Saeed 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: After the global impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, concerns over virus transmission have risen. A state of health emergency was declared in 2022 due to Clade 2 of the monkeypox (MPOX) virus. In August 2024, another emergency was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) because of the widespread Clade 1b, which caused a more severe and lethal disease. This review synthesizes current MPOX knowledge to assist policymakers, clinicians, and researchers in developing effective diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, vaccination strategies, and outbreak management.Methods: This systematic review study searched for articles on virus epidemiology, virology, clinical features, transmission routes, available drugs and vaccines, and new artificial intelligence (AI) applications in diagnosis and drug discovery.Results: MPOX virus is a 200–250‐nm, double‐stranded DNA (ds‐DNA) virus that causes smallpox‐like skin lesions. Tecovirimat is the primary drug for severe cases, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Smallpox vaccines can help prevent MPOX infection because of the genetic similarities between the MPOX and smallpox viruses. AI‐based models can assist medical teams in promptly diagnosing MPOX skin lesions, improving decision‐making for treatment.Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of using traditional public health knowledge alongside modern AI to manage MPOX outbreaks effectively. It shows that we need strong public health policies, focused interventions, and ongoing research on how AI can help control infectious diseases.
ВПЛИВ ФІЗИЧНИХ ВПРАВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРАВИЛЬНОЇ ПОСТАВИ
Authors: Новакова Л. В. , Назарук В. Л. , Дудар М.-Я. В. 
Published: December 2024

Вступ. Постава – це природне положення тіла людини під час стояння, сидіння або руху. Вона формується під впливом генетичних факторів, звичок та фізичної активності. Правильна постава забезпечує рівномірне навантаження на м’язи і суглоби, що запобігає появі болю та отриманню травм. Вона закладається в дітей з раннього віку й у процесі зростання і розвитку організму продовжує формуватись.
Мета роботи – обґрунтувати застосування фізичних вправ для формування, утримання та корекції правильної постави.
Основна частина. Для підтримки правильної постави важливо зміцнювати м’язи спини, черевного преса, тазового дна і стегон. Виконання фізичних вправ, спрямованих на зміцнення цих м’язів, значно покращить поставу. До таких вправ належать плавання, планка, гіперекстензія, підтягування, станова тяга, присідання і розтягування м’язів для підтримки гнучкості. Також важливо стежити за технікою виконання вправ, адже неправильне їх виконання може зашкодити та призвести до негативних наслідків. Гіперекстензія – це ефективна вправа для зміцнення м’язів спини, яка може значно покращити поставу. Основний акцент при виконанні даної вправи роблять на м’язах-випрямлячах хребта, які відіграють ключову роль у підтримці вертикального положення тіла. Станова тяга – це базова вправа у силовому тренуванні, яка передбачає піднімання штанги або гантелей чи гир з підлоги до положення стоячи з утриманням їх перед собою на витягнутих руках. Вона залучає велику кількість м’язів, зокрема м’язи спини, стегон, сідниць, рук і плечей. Ця вправа допомагає розвинути силу, покращити координацію і стабільність тіла.
Висновки. Для підтримки правильної постави важливо зміцнювати м’язи спини, черевного преса, тазового дна і стегон. Виконання фізичних вправ, спрямованих на зміцнення цих м’язів, значно покращить поставу. До таких вправ належать плавання, планка, гіперекстензія, підтягування, станова тяга, присідання і розтягування м’язів для підтримки гнучкості. Регулярне виконання цих базових вправ і правильна техніка виконання приведуть до формування, корекції та утримання правильної постави.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms living on the Tibetan Plateau of China
Authors: Wang Dongliang , Wuli Jiuqi , Cao Xudong , Wang Bin , Ren Zeng , Weng Yu , Wu Kexue 
Published: December 2024

Objectives Although there is no consensus on the difference in rupture rates between multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) and single intracranial aneurysms (SIAs), patients with MIAs may have poorer outcomes after rupture than patients with SIAs. In this study, we aimed to analyze differences in clinical characteristics between MIAs and SIAs and to evaluate the prognosis of patients with MIAs on the Tibetan Plateau who received different clinical treatments. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 68 patients with MIAs and 68 patients with SIAs admitted to Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for data analysis. Results Compared with patients who had SIAs, those with MIAs were more likely to be female, smokers, alcohol drinkers, and hypertensive. The difference between the two groups in terms of size of the ruptured aneurysms was statistically significant. No significant differences in treatment effects were observed between patients with SIAs and those with MIAs at 3, 6, and 12 months. Conclusions Among patients living on the Tibetan Plateau, those with MIAs were more likely to be female, smokers, alcohol drinkers, and hypertensive. Endovascular treatment was superior to conservative management but not significantly better than craniotomy.
Beyond Good or Bad: The Four Evaluative Quadrants of Relationships
Authors: Righetti Francesca , Đurić Mirna , Schneider Iris 
Published: December 2024

Academic Abstract Traditionally, theoretical and empirical accounts have considered relationship evaluations along one single dimension ranging from positive to negative. However, in this theoretical work, we stress the importance of using a bi-dimensional conceptualization of relationship evaluations in which positive and negative dimensions can vary independently. In doing so, we describe the four evaluative quadrants experienced in relationships and outline their unique interpersonal processes and outcomes, both from the perspective of the person experiencing them (i.e., actor effects) and from the perspective of the recipient of such evaluations (i.e., partner effects) and considering both explicit (i.e., deliberative) and implicit (i.e., automatic) processes. We also provide a framework that predicts how relationship properties are likely to influence relationships evaluations, and we introduce the Trajectories of Relationship Evaluation Model (TREM) that describes changes in evaluations over time and the factors that influence such changes. Public Abstract The way we evaluate other people has important implications for how we relate to others and for our psychological and physical health. However, previous research has mostly focused on positive or negative evaluations in relationships. But there are two other types of evaluations that people commonly experience in relationships: ambivalence and indifference. In this work, we argue that it is important to study all four different evaluative types in relationships (i.e., mostly positive, mostly negative, ambivalence, and indifference) because they each uniquely predict certain relationship dynamics and processes. We discuss the consequences of these different types of evaluations for the person who holds the evaluation and for the person who is the target of such evaluation, and we discuss how these evaluations affect both deliberative and automatic processes. Finally, we propose a model (TREM) of how relationship evaluations evolve over time and of the factors that influence the changes in evaluations.
No foreign language effect in self-sacrificial moral dilemmas
Authors: Muda Rafał , Milczarski Wojciech , Borkowska Anna , Białek Michał 
Published: December 2024

Research questions: The Moral Foreign Language Effect is a phenomenon in which individuals exhibit lower moral engagement (i.e., are simultaneously less deontological and less utilitarian) when using a foreign language compared to their native language. This paper reports on three experiments involving bilingual participants to investigate the impact of foreign language on moral judgment in self-sacrifice dilemmas. Design: In three experiments, we asked N = 425 participants whether they would self-sacrifice to save other people. In Experiment 1, the people to be saved were strangers. In Experiment 2, they were relatives. Experiment 3 replicated the first two with the addition of the control condition with the option to sacrifice a stranger instead. Data and analysis: Experiments 1 and 3 showed no effect of language on willingness to self-sacrifice. In Experiment 2, the participants using a foreign language were less willing to sacrifice themselves. Conclusions: Language has no consistent effect on participants’ willingness to sacrifice themselves or others. Originality: Contrary to previous studies on the issue, we controlled both for the beneficiaries (strangers vs. relatives) and the method of saving them (self-sacrifice vs. sacrifice of a stranger). Significance: Our results cast doubt on the robustness of the moral Foreign Language Effect. Limitations: We limited our research design to two language pairs. Failure to replicate Experiment 2 results in Experiment 3 could be an effect of the different language pairs used in both experiments.
Patient Reported Outcomes for Primary Arthrodesis vs Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Acute Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Gauthier Chase , Jackson J. Benjamin , Bakaes Yianni , Gonzalez Tyler 
Published: December 2024

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Both Primary Arthrodesis (PA) and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) have been shown to effectively treat Lisfranc injuries, however, debate remains regarding the complication rate for each procedure, and the data is limited regarding patient-reported outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of acute complications, reoperations, patient-reported outcomes through the Patient Reported Outcome Instrumentation System (PROMIS), and postoperative radiographic data for PA versus ORIF for acute Lisfranc injuries. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent PA or ORIF for the treatment of Lisfranc injuries at Prisma Health – Midlands between January 1st, 2020 - December 31st, 2022 with at least 6 months of postoperative data. Data collected included demographic data, postoperative outcomes, and Pain Interference (PI), Physical Function (PF) and Mobility PROMIS scores both preoperatively and at the most recent postoperative follow-up. Continuous variables were compared between PA and ORIF using the Student’s T-Test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for continuous variables and the Chi-Squared test for categorical variables. Results: A total of 56 patients were included in the study with an average follow-up time of 51.1 weeks (range: 27 to 121). Patients treated with ORIF were younger (30 vs 46.6, p=0.002) and were more likely to suffer a Myerson Classification type B1 injury (87.8% vs 28.6%, p=0.002) compared to those treated with PA. ORIF patients had greater improvements in PI (13.1 vs 9.7, p=0.508), PF (15.7 vs 7.2, p=0.343), and mobility (18.2 vs 10.3, p=0.203) compared to PA patients, although these improvements were not statistically significant. Finally, there was no significant difference in the rate of complications (p=1), reoperations (p=1), or evidence of radiographic hardware failure (p=0.423) between PA and ORIF. Conclusion: Patients treated with ORIF had greater improvements in patient-reported outcomes than those treated with PA, although these improvements were not statistically significant and there were potential confounding factors present. Both procedures demonstrated similar rates of complications, reoperations, and radiographic hardware failure. Our findings suggest that ORIF and PA are both effective in improving patient-reported outcomes and treating Lisfranc injuries in certain patient populations.
Results of More Than 20,000 Scans with Weightbearing CT - Impact on Costs, Radiation Exposure, and Procedure Time
Authors: Lintz François , Richter Martinus ,   International Weight Bearing CT Society
Published: December 2024

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Weightbearing CT (WBCT) has been proven to more precisely measure bone position than conventional weightbearing radiographic series (R) and conventional CT (CT). The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of using WBCT instead of R and/or CT as the standard imaging modality, evaluating image acquisition time, radiation dose, and cost-effectiveness. Methods: All patients who obtained a WBCT as part of standard of care from July 1, 2013 until August 31, 2023 were included in the study. Image acquisition time (T), radiation dose (RD) per patient, and cost-effectiveness were analyzed and compared between the time period using WBCT (yearly average) and the parameters from 2012, i.e. before the availability of WBCT (RCT group). Results: 20,145 WBCT scans were obtained from 9,065 patients (9,056 scans (45%) before treatment; 11,080 scans (55%) at follow-up). On a yearly average, 1,975 WBCTs (bilateral scans) and an additional 11.5 CTs (bilateral feet and ankles) were obtained (WBCT group). In 2012, 1,850 Rs (bilateral feet, dorsoplantar and lateral, metatarsal head skyline view) and 254 CTs were obtained from 885 patients (RCT group). The mean yearly RD was 4.3/4.8uSv for the WBCT/RCT groups (mean difference of 0.5 uSv; a decrease of 10% for the WBCT group; p<.01). Yearly mean T was 115/494 hours in total (3.5/16.0 minutes per patient) for WBCT/RCT groups (mean difference of 379 hours; a 77% decrease for the WBCT group; p<.01). Yearly cost-effectiveness was a mean profit of 55,441/-723 Euro for WBCT/RCT. Conclusion: 20,145 WBCT scans from 9,065 patients over a period of 10.2 years at a foot and ankle department resulted in 10% decreased RD, 77% decreased T, and increased financial profit (65 Euros per patient) for the institution.
Role of Metformin in Improving Non-Union Bone Fracture Healing in a Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Cain Jarrett D. , Zhang Jianying , Hogan Macalus V. , H-C. Wang James 
Published: December 2024

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics, Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that interferes with bone formation, increases fracture risk and impairs fracture healing in the foot and ankle. Inflammatory mediators, like fully reduced HMGB1 (fr HMGB1), play a key role fracture healing; however, their activity can be inhibited by Metformin, which is a hypoglycemic drug commonly used for the treatment of diabetes. The effect of Metformin on the bone fracture healing is largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that application of inflammatory mediators with metformin improves nonunion bone fracture healing using a diabetic rat model. Methods: The rats were divided into four groups with 8 rats per group(Fig 1): Group-1 had no additional treatment;Group-2 were injected Metformin (IP, 160 mg/kg) daily;Group-3 were injected frHMGB1 into wound area (250 µg/kg) weekly;Group-4 were injected Metformin (IP, 160 mg/kg) daily and frHMGB1 into wound area (250 µg/kg) weekly. The blood samples were collected for HMGB1 & IL-1β.Tibia samples were also collected and examined by gross inspection, micro-CT images and histological analysis. Data was analyzed by One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s Least significance difference test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significantly different between the groups. Results: Micro-CT images showed completely healed at day-90 post-surgery in frHMGB1 rats while Metformin inhibited frHMGB1 enhanced bone fracture healing as evidenced by the gap in the fractured bone area(Fig 2). Histology analysis indicated that frHMGB1 enhanced fractured bone healing as evidenced by high density of the cells was found in the bone fracture area (Fig. 3). Safranin O and fast green staining along with Masson’s Trichrome staining confirmed the frHMGB1 local injection promoted fractured bone healing (Fig. 4) as evidenced by high quality bone tissue formation with collagen type I (red staining) and collagen type III (blue staining) in the fractured bone wound area. Conclusion: Although the treatment with frHMGB1 enhanced nonunion fractured bone healing by promoting cell proliferation, fibroblast migration, and collagen production, some low-quality bone tissues formed at the fractured bone areas due to overgrowth. Metformin slowed the bone fracture healing but regenerated better quality bone tissues by decreasing the inflammatory marker levels, inhibiting fibroblast migration, activating AMPK activity, and reducing collagen III production. These findings highlight the anti-inflammatory actions of Metformin and pro-healing effects when combined with frHMGB1 suggesting the healing potential of non-union fractures in Diabetic Mellitus patients.
Significant Clinical Improvement after Arthroscopic Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Barbero Agustin , Efrima Ben , Maccario Camilla , Indino Cristian , Nocera Chiara , Dahmen Jari , Giuseppe Usuelli Federico 
Published: December 2024

Category: Ankle; Other Introduction/Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic autologous matrix-induced (A-AMIC) chondrogenesis for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) at 24 months and 60 months of follow-up. The secondary aim was to assess whether age, body mass index (BMI), and lesion surface affect outcomes. Methods: Sixty-three patients (32 males, 31 females) with a median age of 37 years [IQR 25-48] were included. Preoperative and postoperative (24 months and 60 months) clinical outcomes were evaluated using a Visual Analog Score (VAS) for pain during walking, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), Short-Form Survey (SF-12), the Halasi, and the University of California (UCLA) scores. Patients were categorized according to age, BMI, and lesion surface (1-1.5 cm2 and over 1.5 cm2). The effect of each category was evaluated. Results: There were significant improvements in the VAS, AOFAS, SF12, and UCLA, comparing the preoperative scores to the 60-month follow-up scores (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned outcomes between the follow-up periods. Patients older than 33 had lower SF-12, Halasi, and UCLA scores (p-value = 0.005, 0.004, and < 0.001, respectively). Overweight patients had lower VAS, SF-12, Halasi, and UCLA scores (p-value = 0.006, 0.002, 0.024, and 0.007). Lesion size was uninfluential. Conclusion: A-AMIC yielded clinical improvements at a minimum follow-up of 60 months in patients with symptomatic OLTs, with clinical improvement peaking in the first two years, followed by a plateau period. Increased age and BMI were significantly associated with inferior outcomes.
Surgical Outcome of Unfixed Controlled Medial Malleolar Breakage for a Balanced Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Sung Ki Sun 
Published: December 2024

Category: Ankle Arthritis; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Ligament balancing is very important for successful TAR (total ankle replacement). However, regarding medial tightness the amount of medial ligament release seems to be uncertain. Furthermore, the risk of medial instability and vascular insult can be major concerns after extensive deep deltoid release. Thus, I hypothesized that medial malleolar breakage instead of deltoid release would result in similar stability and heal more predictably with less complications. Methods: Between December 2019 and December 2022, 18 patients underwent total ankle replacement with medial malleolar breakage for ligament balancing. There was 14 females, and the average age was 70.5 (53-84). Concomitant procedures such as Achilles tendon lengthening, lateral ligament repair, subtalar joint debridement and 1st metatarsal osteotomy were added to get a stable and plantigrade foot. When there was still medial tightness after thorough spur resection and anterior part of superficial deltoid release, subcortical osteotomy was made around the medial malleolous instead of deep deltoid release. Then controlled valgus force was driven till a pop sound came out. No fixative was applied for broken bone. The surgery was finished only when coronal plane stability of the TAR was achieved. Short leg walking cast was applied for 3 to 4 weeks, and then range of motion exercise and tolerable weight bearing was allowed in a walking boot for another 4 weeks. Results: All patients were followed for more than 6 months after the index surgery. AOFAS (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery) ankle-hindfoot score improved from average 36.2(10-60) to 72.7(50-90), and all returned to their daily activity. There was no major complication such as coronal plane instability or dislocation, deep infection and aseptic loosening. Two patients experienced minor wound dehiscence which have been healed, and another 3 patients suffered from superficial peroneal nerve irritation. Conclusion: Unfixed controlled medial malleolar breakage during TAR for varus ankle arthritis showed good results with few morbidities. However, longer term follow up is necessary to determine its clinical usefulness definitely.