bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent and practitioner perspectives on Circle of Security Parenting (COS‐P): A qualitative study
Authors: Maxwell Anne‐Marie , Reay Rebecca E. , Huber Anna , Hawkins Erinn , Woolnough Erin , McMahon Catherine 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTCircle of Security Parenting (COS‐P) is an attachment‐theory‐informed program for parents of infants and young children. Designed for scalability, COS‐P has been widely adopted internationally. Evidence for the program's effectiveness is limited, however, restricting capacity to make informed decisions about program allocation, and threatening ongoing program funding. To help address this evidence gap, this qualitative study explored the experiences and perceptions of 20 COS‐P facilitators and 14 parent recipients in Australia, where COS‐P uptake has been particularly widespread. Thematic analysis of combined interview and focus group data revealed a perception that COS‐P primarily changes the lens through which parents view (a) their child, (b) themselves in the parenting role, and (c) the parent–child relationship, and that this was a pathway to increased empathy, compassion, and parenting confidence. Participants identified four components that underpinned program impact: key content, skills practice, group processes, and facilitator support. Although COS‐P was considered suitable for broad application, limitations were noted. Findings can guide clinical application of COS‐P and inform empirical research.
Severe herpes virus 6 interstitial pneumonia in an infant with three variants in genes predisposing to lung disease
Authors: De Rose Domenico Umberto , Auriti Cinzia , Lozzi Simona , Coltella Luana , Piccioni Livia , Rossi Sabrina , Novelli Antonio , Iannotta Rossella , Pianini Teresa , Picone Simonetta , Paolillo Piermichele , Savignoni Ferdinando , Capolupo Irma , Digilio Maria Cristina , Cutrera Renato , Dotta Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInfections due to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) are frequent during early childhood. Usually, they have a favorable clinical course. Conversely, HHV‐6 congenital infections occur in about 1% of neonates and may present with more severe clinical pictures. HHV‐6 can be found in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from patients with pneumonia and in immunocompromised patients can cause mild to severe pneumonia. In neonates, the role of HHV‐6 in the genesis of severe pneumonia is poorly defined still now. We describe a healthy infant with a late‐onset (15 days of life) severe interstitial pneumonia and heavy HHV‐6 genome load, persistently detected in its BAL fluid. The baby underwent high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation, hydroxychloroquine, steroids, and ganciclovir for 6 weeks and at 9 months she died. Next‐generation sequencing of genes known to cause neonatal respiratory insufficiency revealed the presence of a “probably pathogenetic” heterozygous variant in the autosomal recessive DRC1 gene, a heterozygous variant of unknown significance (VUS) in the autosomal recessive RSPH9 gene, and a heterozygous VUS in the autosomal recessive MUC5B gene. HHV‐6 infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of late‐onset severe respiratory distress in neonates and the co‐occurrence of genetic predisposing factors or modifiers should be tested by specific molecular techniques. The intensity of HHV‐6 genome load in BAL fluid could be an indicator of the response to antiviral therapy.
Targeting the viral‐entry facilitators of SARS‐CoV‐2 as a therapeutic strategy in COVID‐19
Authors: Muralidar Shibi , Gopal Gayathri , Visaga Ambi Senthil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection, which has emerged as a global pandemic causing serious concerns. Lack of specific and effective therapeutics for the treatment of COVID‐19 is a major concern and the development of vaccines is another important aspect in managing the infection effectively. The first step in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis is the viral entry and it is mediated by its densely glycosylated spike protein (S‐protein). Similar to the SARS‐CoV, SARS‐CoV‐2 also engages angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the host cell entry receptor. In addition to ACE2, several recent studies have implicated the crucial role of cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) as a necessary assisting cofactor for ACE2‐mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 entry. Furthermore, SARS‐CoV‐2 was also identified to use both endosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin B and L (CatB/L) and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) for the pivotal role of S‐protein priming mediating viral entry. As the entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 into host cells is mandatory for viral infection, it becomes an extremely attractive therapeutic intervention point. In this regard, this review will focus on the therapeutic targeting of the crucial steps of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral entry like S‐protein/ACE2 interaction and S‐protein priming by host cell proteases. In addition, this review will also give insights to the readers on several therapeutic opportunities, pharmacological targeting of the viral‐entry facilitators like S‐Protein, ACE2, cell surface HS, TMPRSS2, and CatB/L and evidence for those drugs currently ongoing clinical studies.
Early Outcomes of Simultaneous Translabyrinthine Resection and Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Conway Robert M. , Tu Nathan C. , Sioshansi Pedrom C. , Porps Sandra L. , Schutt Christopher A. , Hong Robert S. , Jacob Jeffrey T. , Babu Seilesh C. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisHearing rehabilitation after translabyrinthine resection of a vestibular schwannoma (VS) has largely been based on the transfer of acoustic stimulus to the contralateral ear, typically through a contralateral routing of signal hearing aid or bone‐anchored hearing aid (BAHA). Cochlear implant, either as a subsequent surgery or simultaneously, has become a more common treatment option; however, there is still relatively limited data available on its success. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the early outcomes of simultaneous cochlear implantation in patients with sporadic VS undergoing translabyrinthine resection.Study DesignProspective, nonrandomized study.MethodsA prospective study of nonrandomized patients was completed at a tertiary care neurotology center. Audiologic outcomes, primarily based on AzBIO in quiet and background noise, as well as consonant‐nucleus‐consonant (CNC) testing of the affected ears were utilized. Tinnitus, dizziness, and spatial hearing questionnaries were also completed. Audiologic outcomes and questionnaires were compared between the pre‐ and postoperative groups.ResultsTen patients were included in the study with 3 month follow‐up data. There was statistically significant improvement in AzBO with +10 and +5 signal to noise ratio and in quiet, as well as in CNC testing (P < .05). There was a significant improvement in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory between the two groups.ConclusionsSimultaneous cochlear implantation is a viable treatment for hearing loss after translabyrinthine approach to VS. These patients have improved hearing in background noise and tinnitus compared to their preoperative state. Further prognostic data are required to determine which patients are the best candidates.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2312–E2317, 2021
Perceived Financial Insecurity Impacts Healthcare Decision‐Making Among Patients With Sinusitis
Authors: Pandrangi Vivek C. , Farrell Nyssa Fox , Mace Jess C. , Detwiller Kara Y. , Smith Timothy L. , Geltzeiler Mathew 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThe economic burden of sinusitis is significant, and socioeconomic factors can impact patient decision‐making. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of perceived financial insecurity on healthcare decision‐making and treatment compliance among sinusitis patients.Study DesignCross‐sectional study using the 2018 National Health Interview Survey.MethodsSurvey responses to nine questions regarding financial stressors and nine questions regarding cost‐saving healthcare actions were recorded, which included seeking lower cost medication, medication noncompliance, and avoiding care visits due to costs.ResultsThere was a total weighted sample size of 28.9 million patients who self‐reported a diagnosis of sinusitis (12% of the U.S. population). Sinusitis patients who reported cost‐saving actions had an increased severity of perceived financial insecurity than those without cost‐saving actions (P < .001). Sinusitis patients with perceived financial insecurity had the highest odds of at least one cost‐saving action (odds ratio [OR] = 5.94, 95% CI = 5.911–5.970, P < .001), followed by lack of health insurance (OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 5.107–5.159, P < .001), and poor self‐reported health status (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.792–2.822, P < .001). Increasing the number of financial stressors increased the odds of at least one cost‐saving action (P < .001). Across all financial stressors, the most commonly performed cost‐saving action was asking for lower cost medication.ConclusionsPerceived financial insecurity is associated with cost‐saving healthcare actions among sinusitis patients, including treatment noncompliance. Interventions to assess financial insecurity among sinusitis patients may facilitate shared decision‐making for optimal, individualized treatment plans that may lead to improved outcomes and quality of life.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:2403–2412, 2021
Quantum characteristics and applications of multi‐pixel photon counter
Authors: Cai Yujie , Chen Yu , Chen Xiuliang , Wu Guang , Wu E 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this invited paper, we present an overview of the multi‐pixel photon counter (MPPC), which is a kind of spatial‐multiplexed photon‐number‐resolving detector. We review the operation principles of MPPC, its characterization via quantum detector tomography, and the applications of this detector in research fields such as quantum information, remote sensing and biological medicine. Finally, we discuss the current progress on the improvement of MPPC.
Eltrombopag in children with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Lesmana Harry , Jacobs Timothy , Boals Michelle , Gray Nathan , Lewis Sara , Ding Juan , Kang Guolian , Hale Melvanique , Weiss Mitchell , Reiss Ulrike , Wang Winfred , Wlodarski Marcin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppressive therapy with horse antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine currently remains the standard therapy for children with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who lack human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐identical sibling. The thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag has been recently approved for SAA patients 2 years and older. However, there are limited data on its safety and efficacy in pediatric cohorts.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of patients ≤18 years old consecutively diagnosed with SAA between 2000 and 2018. Patients received either standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST‐Std) or IST with eltrombopag (IST‐Epag). The primary outcome was the objective response (OR), including partial and complete response (CR), at 6 and 12 months after starting therapy.ResultsWe identified 16 patients receiving IST‐Std and nine IST‐Epag treatment (seven of nine as upfront therapy and two of seven after previously failed IST). The OR at 6 and 12 months in IST‐Std arm was 71% and 100%, with CR in 29% and 58%, respectively. Seven patients receiving upfront IST‐Epag had OR at 6 and 12 months, with two of seven (29%) achieving CR at 6 and 12 months. Two patients who previously failed standard IST did not respond to eltrombopag. No significant differences were observed in both cohorts with regard to infections. One IST‐Epag‐treated patient developed transient grade 3 transaminitis. Finally, no changes in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) clone size and cytogenetic abnormalities were seen in either cohort.ConclusionThe addition of eltrombopag to standard IST was well tolerated and resulted in satisfactory hematological response at 6 and 12 months in this single‐institution experience. A larger cohort with longer follow‐up is required to assess response durability.
Preparation of alginate–chitosan floating granules loaded with 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) and their bioactivity on water hyacinth
Authors: Hou Ruiquan , Wu Jiyingzi , Yang Liupeng , Zhao Kunyu , Huang Suqing , Kaziem Amir E , Zhang Zhixiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is considered the most damaging aquatic weed in many countries. Chemical methods are still the primary approach to control, although this directly exposes the natural enemy of water hyacinth (water hyacinth weevil) to herbicides. In addition, spray drift can easily damage non‐target plants. In this study, herbicides, natural polymer materials (chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan), sodium alginate and natural oils (citronella oil) were used to prepare novel floating polysaccharide granules as a solution for controlling water hyacinth.RESULTS2‐Methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) floating granules with a spherical structure were prepared using a MCPA–chitosan–sodium alginate–oil cross‐linking and embedding method. The granules produced showed the required properties of floatation and slow controlled herbicide release. In addition, the polysaccharide granules collected around water hyacinth plants and enabled targeted release of the active herbicide ingredients onto the stems and roots of the weed, thereby stopping the herbicide from reaching non‐target plants and preventing regrowth of water hyacinth.CONCLUSIONWe successfully prepared highly effective MCPA‐loaded floating granules, which compared with an MCPA solution, exerted greater control on water hyacinth. Concomitantly, these granules provide a solution to spray drift and ensure the safety of natural enemies of water hyacinth, which is of great significance in research on herbicide formulations.
A Dual‐Responsive Platform Based on Antifouling Dendrimer–CuS Nanohybrids for Enhanced Tumor Delivery and Combination Therapy
Authors: Xiong Zhijuan , Wang Yue , Zhu Wei , Ouyang Zhijun , Zhu Yu , Shen Mingwu , Xia Jindong , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDesign of stimuli‐responsive nanomedicine with enhanced tumor delivery for combination therapy still remains a great challenge. Here, a unique design of an antifouling‐dendrimer‐based nanoplatform with dual pH‐ and redox‐responsiveness is reported to meet this challenge. First, generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimers are modified with targeting ligand cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) peptide through a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer and zwitterion of thiolated N,N‐dimethyl‐cysteamine‐carboxybetaine (CBT) via pH‐responsive benzoicimine bond to form G5.NH2PEGRGDCBT conjugates. Then, doxorubicin (DOX) is linked to the functional G5 dendrimers through a redox‐responsive disulfide bond, followed by entrapment of CuS nanoparticles within the dendrimers. The created functional dendrimer–CuS nanohybrids with a CuS core size of 3.6 nm display a good antifouling property and excellent photothermal conversion property in the second near‐infrared window. In addition, the neutral surface charge of the nanohybrids is able to be switched to be positive in the tumor region with slightly acidic microenvironment due to the break of benzoicimine bond to promote their intracellular uptake, while the redox‐sensitive disulfide bond affords the fast release of the conjugated DOX within tumor cells to exert its therapeutic effect. Taken together with the CuS cores, the created dendrimer–CuS nanohybrids enable enhanced combination chemotherapy and photothermal therapy of tumors.
The WNT/β‐catenin dependent transcription: A tissue‐specific business
Authors: Söderholm Simon , Cantù Claudio 
Published: April 2021

Abstractβ‐catenin‐mediated Wnt signaling is an ancient cell‐communication pathway in which β‐catenin drives the expression of certain genes as a consequence of the trigger given by extracellular WNT molecules. The events occurring from signal to transcription are evolutionarily conserved, and their final output orchestrates countless processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, a dysfunctional Wnt/β‐catenin pathway causes developmental malformations, and its aberrant activation is the root of several types of cancer. A rich literature describes the multitude of nuclear players that cooperate with β‐catenin to generate a transcriptional program. However, a unified theory of how β‐catenin drives target gene expression is still missing. We will discuss two types of β‐catenin interactors: transcription factors that allow β‐catenin to localize at target regions on the DNA, and transcriptional co‐factors that ultimately activate gene expression. In contrast to the presumed universality of β‐catenin's action, the ensemble of available evidence suggests a view in which β‐catenin drives a complex system of responses in different cells and tissues. A malleable armamentarium of players might interact with β‐catenin in order to activate the right “canonical” targets in each tissue, developmental stage, or disease context. Discovering the mechanism by which each tissue‐specific β‐catenin response is executed will be crucial to comprehend how a seemingly universal pathway fosters a wide spectrum of processes during development and homeostasis. Perhaps more importantly, this could ultimately inform us about which are the tumor‐specific components that need to be targeted to dampen the activity of oncogenic β‐catenin.This article is categorized under:Cancer > Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyCancer > Genetics/Genomics/EpigeneticsCancer > Stem Cells and Development
The Effect of Measurement Preprocessing intheGravity-Aided Navigation
Authors: Stepanov Oleg Andreevich , Nosov Aleksei Sergeevich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe paper analyzes the effect of preliminary processing of gravity measurements on the accuracy of the marine gravity-aided navigation. The preliminary processing of the measurements is implemented in the filtering and smoothing modes. Obtained results are illustrated by a one-dimensional example of gravity-aided navigation problem.
Disentangling mass spectra of multiple fields in cosmological collider
Authors: Aoki Shuntaro , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study effects of multiple scalar fields (scalar isocurvatons) with the Hubble scale masses on the inflationary bispectrum in the squeezed limit, particular paying attention to the question how to disentangle mass spectra of such fields. We consider two isocurvatons with almost degenerate masses and the coupling of an inflaton to both isocurvatons as an example. We find that the characteristic feature associated with nearly degenerate masses appears in the oscillating part of the bispectrum, which is dominated by a waveform with a specific wavelength roughly given by an inverse of the mass difference. Such a waveform with a relatively longer wavelength can be easily identified and useful for disentangling almost degenerate mass spectra. This situation is in sharp contrast with the case of collider experiments on earth, where the very precise energy resolution corresponding to the mass difference is required to disentangle almost degenerate mass spectra. Therefore, if future observations could detect this kind of a characteristic feature in bispectrum of the primordial curvature perturbations, it can prove the existence of degenerate multiple particles around the Hubble scale and resolve their mass degeneracies.
Real-life assessment of standardized contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and CEUS algorithms (CEUS LI-RADS®/ESCULAP) in hepatic nodules in cirrhotic patients—a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Strobel D. , Jung E.-M. , Ziesch M. , Praktiknjo M. , Link A. , Dietrich C. F. , Klinger C. , Schultheiß M. , Jesper D. , Schellhaas B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed non-invasively with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in cirrhosis if the characteristic pattern of arterial phase hyperenhancement followed by hypoenhancement is present. Recent studies suggest that diagnosis based on this “hyper-hypo” pattern needs further refinement. This study compares the diagnostic accuracies of standardized CEUS for HCC according to the current guideline definition and following the newly developed CEUS algorithms (CEUS LI-RADS®, ESCULAP) in a prospective multicenter real-life setting.

Methods
Cirrhotic patients with liver lesions on B-mode ultrasound were recruited prospectively from 04/2018 to 04/2019, and clinical and imaging data were collected. The CEUS standard included an additional examination point after 4–6 min in case of no washout after 3 min. The diagnostic accuracies of CEUS following the guidelines (“hyper-hypo” pattern), based on the examiner’s subjective interpretation (“CEUS subjective”), and based on the CEUS algorithms ESCULAP and CEUS LI-RADS® were compared.

Results
In total, 470 cirrhotic patients were recruited in 43 centers. The final diagnosis was HCC in 378 cases (80.4%) according to the reference standard (histology 77.4%, MRI 16.4%, CT 6.2%). The “hyper-hypo” pattern yielded 74.3% sensitivity and 63% specificity. “CEUS subjective” showed a higher diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 91.5%; specificity, 67.4%; positive predictive value, 92%; negative predictive value, 66%). Sensitivity was higher for ESCULAP (95%) and “CEUS subjective” (91.5%) versus CEUS LI-RADS® (65.2%; p < 0.001). Specificity was highest for CEUS LI-RADS® (78.6%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
CEUS has an excellent diagnostic accuracy for the non-invasive diagnosis of HCC in cirrhosis. CEUS algorithms may be a helpful refinement of the “hyper-hypo” pattern defined by current HCC guidelines.

Key Points
• Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has a high diagnostic accuracy for the non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis.
• The CEUS algorithm ESCULAP (Erlanger Synopsis for Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for Liver lesion Assessment in Patients at risk) showed the highest sensitivity, whereas the CEUS LI-RADS® (Contrast-Enhanced UltraSound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System) algorithm yielded the highest specificity.
• A standardized CEUS examination procedure with an additional examination point in the late phase, after 4–6 min in lesions with no washout after 3 min, is vital.
Laparoscopic appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis—a systematic review
Authors: Köhler Franziska , Hendricks Anne , Kastner Carolin , Müller Sophie , Boerner Kevin , Wagner Johanna C. , Lock Johan F. , Wiegering Armin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOver the last years, laparoscopic appendectomy has progressively replaced open appendectomy and become the current gold standard treatment for suspected, uncomplicated appendicitis. At the same time, though, it is an ongoing discussion that antibiotic therapy can be an equivalent treatment for patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the safety and efficacy of antibiotic therapy and compare it to the laparoscopic appendectomy for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis.MethodsThe PubMed database, Embase database, and Cochrane library were scanned for studies comparing laparoscopic appendectomy with antibiotic treatment. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection and data extraction. The primary endpoint was defined as successful treatment of appendicitis. Secondary endpoints were pain intensity, duration of hospitalization, absence from work, and incidence of complications.ResultsNo studies were found that exclusively compared laparoscopic appendectomy with antibiotic treatment for acute, uncomplicated appendicitis.ConclusionsTo date, there are no studies comparing antibiotic treatment to laparoscopic appendectomy for patients with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, thus emphasizing the lack of evidence and need for further investigation.