bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-Specific Associations Between Preoperative Anemia and Postoperative Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ripoll Juan G. , Smith Mark M. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schulte Phillip J. , Portner Erica R. , Kor Daryl J. , Warner Matthew A. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Preoperative anemia is common in cardiac surgery, yet there were limited data describing the role of sex in the associations between anemia and clinical outcomes. Understanding these relationships may guide preoperative optimization efforts.

METHODS:
This is an observational cohort study of adults undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting or single- or double-valve surgery from 2008 to 2018 at a large tertiary medical center. Multivariable regression assessed the associations between preoperative hemoglobin concentrations and a primary outcome of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and secondary outcomes of perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, reoperation, vascular complications (ie, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction), and hospital length of stay (LOS). Each outcome was a single regression model, using interaction terms to assess sex-specific associations between hemoglobin and outcome.

RESULTS:
A total of 4117 patients were included (57% men). Linear splines with sex-specific knots (13 g/dL in women and 14 g/dL in men) provided the best overall fit for preoperative hemoglobin and outcome relationships. In women, each 1 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin <13 g/dL was associated with increased odds of AKI (odds ratio = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.23-1.81]; P < .001), and there was no significant association between hemoglobin per 1 g/dL >13 g/dL and AKI (0.90 [0.56-1.45]; P = .67). The association between hemoglobin and AKI in men did not meet statistical significance (1.10 [0.99-1.22]; P = .076, per 1 g/dL decrease <14 g/dL; 1.00 [0.79-1.26]; P = .98 for hemoglobin per 1 g/dL >14 g/dL). In women, lower preoperative hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL decrease <13 g/dL) was associated with increased odds of RBC transfusion (2.90 [2.33-3.60]; P < .001), reoperation (1.27 [1.11-1.45]; P < .001) and a longer hospital LOS (multiplicative increase in geometric mean 1.05 [1.03-1.07]; P < .001). In men, preoperative hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL decrease <14 g/dL) was associated with increased odds of perioperative RBCs (2.56 [2.27-2.88]; P < .001) and longer hospital LOS (multiplicative increase in geometric mean 1.02 [1.01-1.04] days; P < .001) but not reoperation (0.94 [0.85-1.04]; P = .256). Preoperative hemoglobin per 1 g/dL >13 g/dL in women and 14 g/dL in men were associated with lower odds of RBCs transfusion (0.57 [0.47-0.69]; P < .001 and 0.74 [0.60-0.91]; P = .005, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative anemia was associated with inferior clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery. The associations between hemoglobin and outcomes were distinct for women and men, with different spline knot points identified (13 and 14 g/dL, respectively). Clinicians should consider data-driven approaches to determine preoperative hemoglobin values associated with increasing risk for adverse perioperative outcomes across sexes.
Chromosome numbers of some species of Pteris (Pteridaceae) in Java, Indonesia
Authors: PRAPTOSUWIRYO TITIEN NGATINEM , MUMPUNI MUGI 
Published: February 2021

Praptosuwiryo TNg, Mumpuni M. 2018. Chromosome numbers of some species of Pteris (Pteridaceae) in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2118-2126. Pteris L. (Pteridaceae) is a large fern genus consisting of about 250 species which distributed predominantly in tropical and subtropical countries. The genus grows in a diversity of ecosystems, either terrestrially or lithophytically, although most species occur in the forest. A study of the cytology of Pteris in Java is being undertaken for the conceptual understanding of the interrelationships between various fern species in the Malesian region. This aims of our study are: (1) to observe somatic chromosome number of some species of Pteris in Java; (2) to determine the reproduction types of the observed species by counting the spore number per sporangium; (3) to discuss polyploidy in the species in relation to plant morphological variation across their geographical distribution. Chromosome counts for eight species are reported. Pteris biaurita is an apogamous diploid species (2n = 58). Pteris ensiformis var. ensiformis has chromosome numbers of 2n = 87 (apogamous triploid) and 2n = 116 (sexual tetraploid), while P. ensiformis var. victoriae has a chromosome number 2n = 58 and is a sexual diploid. Pteris fauriei is an apogamous triploid species (2n = 87). Pteris longipinnula has a chromosome number of 2n = 116 (tetraploid). Pteris multifida and P. vittata are sexual tetraploids (2n=116). Pteris tripartita has two ploidy levels (sexual diploid and tetraploid). Another currently unplaced Javanese Pteris sp. has 2n = 87 (apogamous triploid). Diploid P. biaurita, tetraploid P. ensiformis, triploid P. fauriei, diploid P. tripartita, and teraploid P. vittata are new record cytotypes for Central Java. Polyploidy in the genus in relation to plant morphological variation across its geographical range is discussed.
A checklist of medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in the central region of Thailand
Authors: CHAIPHONGPACHARA TANAWAT , LAOJUN SEDTHAPONG , JONGVISUTTISAN NITIWOOT , TUBSAMUT PATCHARAPRON , DASOM APICHAYA 
Published: February 2021

Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S, Jongvisuttisan N, Tubsamut P, Dasom A. 2018. A checklist of medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in the central region of Thailand. Biodiversitas 19: 2134-2139. This study surveyed species of medically important flies in the central region of Thailand including Samut Songkram (coastal area representative), Bangkok (urban area representative), Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya (Lower alluvial area representative), Nakhon Sawan (upper alluvial area representative) and Sukhothai (mountainous area representative). This was done through a division of the central region into 5 areas, according to the landscape, including the coastal area, urban area, upper alluvial area, lower alluvial area and mountainous area. Flies were collected using insect nets and fly traps during July 2018. A total was 3872 adult flies, belonging to 4 subfamilies and 6 genera within 9 species were captured. The highest numbers of flies were found in the mountainous area, followed by coastal areas, upper alluvial area, urban area and lower alluvial area, respectively. All the study areas were within the central region of Thailand. The Chrysomya megacephala was the predominant species, with a total of 2953 adult flies captured. This was followed by the Musca domestica (n = 563), Achoetandrus rufifacies (n = 177) and Sacrophaga spp. (n = 137), respectively. The four species of flies collected in this study were Lucilia cuprina (n = 28), A. villeneuvi (n = 2), C. nigripes (n = 2) and Hemipygiopsis ligurriens (n = 2). The results of this study showed the distribution of flies, which is important information for diarrhoea vector control.
Ideal planting space for merbau (Intsia bijuga) forest plantations in Papua based on distance-dependent competition
Authors: SIRAMI ELIESER VIKTOR , MARSONO DJOKO , SADONO RONGGO , IMRON MUHAMMAD ALI 
Published: February 2021

Sirami EV, Marsono D, Sadono R, Imron MA. 2018. Ideal planting space for merbau (Intsia bijuga) forest plantations in Papua based on distance-dependent competition. Biodiversitas 19: 2219-2231. Distance-based competition between merbau (Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze) and neighboring trees could be applied to determine the planting space between merbau trees and shade trees in plantations. This research was conducted to identify the characteristics of merbau competition with neighboring trees and determine the ideal spacing of merbau trees. The sampling design using was the systematic line technique with hypothetical plot and sample tree as the quadrant center. The competitors were determined using a virtual high approach and header contact. Distance-based competitions were identified using the Hegyi index. Sixteen species had the highest competition index because of their dominance in the tree structure, namely Pometia coriacea, Intsia bijuga, Pimelodendron amboinicum, Horsfieldia laevigata, Palaquium amboinense, Pometia pinnata, Garcinia sp., Spathiostemon javensis, Prunus costata, Sterculia macrophylla, Terminalia complanata, Lepiniopsis ternatensis, Horsfieldia irya, Dysoxylum octandrum, Buchanania arborescens, and Ficus similis. Merbau responded to the high intensity of competition by tilting its canopy in the opposite direction to the position of the competitors’ canopy, making an irregular canopy shape, and growing the first branch at the lowest point on the stem. The ideal planting space for merbau trees in the plantations was 3-7 m.
Sustainable Green Charcoal Briquette from Food Waste via Microwave Pyrolysis Technique: Influence of Type and Concentration of Binders on Chemical and Physical Characteristics
Authors: Idris Siti Shawalliah , Zailan Muhammad Izwadi , Azron Nabihah , Abd Rahman Norazah 
Published: February 2021

Turning the food waste into a fuel source such as charcoal briquette was one of the alternatives in managing the food wastes disposal. In this present work, food waste was converted into charcoal by microwave irradiation technique. Application of binders such as potato starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at ratios of 5%,10% and 15% for briquetting purpose were investigated in terms of its chemical and physical characteristics. Result showed that the briquette formed using the starch as the binder performed better in combustion quality than that of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A good quality of charcoal briquette has capability to withstand impact during packaging, handling, and transportation. Standard physical characteristic that was tested for briquette includes moisture content, compressive strength, and impact resistance. Calorific value of briquette was studied to analyse energy content in the briquette. The study showed that food waste charcoal has calorific value comparable to that of the commercial charcoal. However, the addition of binders showed some reduction in the energy content, with more reduction when CMC is added. In terms of combustion characteristic, the addition of binders does not alter the combustion profile in comparison to the raw food waste charcoal’s profile. The ignition and burnout temperatures of the food waste charcoal briquette showed a better performance with and without binders as compared to the commercial charcoal. In terms of physical characteristics, CMC has showed as an excellent binder with highest shatter index value. Overall, in terms of chemical properties, addition of 10% starch showed a better performance, while addition of 10% CMC showed a better performance in terms of physical characteristics. This finding is beneficial for briquette industry in the development of green product using biomass, but further research is essential before production of briquette take place.
Valoración bioquímica en la enfermedad hepática grasa asociada a la disfunción metabólica
Authors: Guerra-Ruiz Armando R. , Casals Gregori , Iruzubieta Paula , Lalana Marta , Leis Alba , López Rosa María , Crespo Javier , Morales-Ruiz Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Resumen
La enfermedad hepática grasa asociada a la disfunción metabólica (MAFLD) se define por el acúmulo de grasa en el hígado en presencia de alteraciones metabólicas. Suele cursar de forma asintomática y puede progresar a formas graves de enfermedad hepática, ligadas a la aparición de inflamación y/o fibrosis. Su prevalencia es muy elevada (26%), resultando en un alto número de pacientes con riesgo de presentar una enfermedad hepática avanzada. El presente documento describe los marcadores serológicos más relevantes en la caracterización y diagnóstico de la MAFLD, y se propone un ejemplo de su integración en un algoritmo diagnóstico en práctica clínica habitual. En la actualidad se dispone de índices serológicos útiles en el manejo de los pacientes con MAFLD, especialmente en la estratificación del riesgo de la presencia fibrosis. Una gran parte de la población está en riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad hepática grave. La integración de los marcadores serológicos no invasivos en la estratificación del riesgo de fibrosis hepática puede contribuir a un mejor control y manejo de los pacientes con MAFLD.
Modeling the Deformation of Shear Thinning Droplets Suspended in a Newtonian Fluid
Authors: Almusallam Abdulwahab S. , Daffallah Isameldeen E. , Benyahia Lazhar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work, we carried out numerical modeling of the large deformation of a shear thinning droplet suspended in a Newtonian matrix using the constrained volume model. The adopted approach was to consider making incremental corrections to the evolution of the droplet anisotropy equation in order to capture the experimental behavior of a shear thinning droplet when subjected to deformation due to imposed flow. The constrained volume model was modified by using different models to describe the viscosity of droplet phase: the Bautista et al. model, the Carreau-Yasuda model and the Power-law model. We found that by combining the constrained volume model with a simple shear thinning viscosity model we were able to describe the available experimental data for large deformation of a shear thinning droplet suspended in a Newtonian matrix. Moreover, we developed an equation approximating flow strength during droplet retraction, and we found that the model can accurately describe the experimental data of the retraction of a shear thinning droplet.
What a Theory of Social Norms and Institutions Should Look Like
Authors: Opp Karl-Dieter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the previous issue of Analyse & Kritik (2020, vol. 42, issue 1) Alexander Vostroknutov (3-39) aims at a ‘synthesis’ of economics with ‘psychology, sociology, and evolutionary human biology.’ This paper argues that his approach needs to be complemented at least by work from sociologists and social psychologists. Starting with problems of defining and measuring norms it is then claimed that a theory of norms should address the origin, change and effects of norms and model micromacro processes. This should also be the goal of a theory of institutions (which are defined here as sets of norms-norms in the sense of accepting oughtness statements). We show how the social psychological value expectancy theory can be applied to model the variety of incentives that could play a role in explaining the effects of norms. Regarding the origin Coleman’s theory of norms is applied to show how Vostroknutov’s dissatisfaction-norms hypothesis can be improved.
Social Integration and Right-Wing Populist Voting in Germany
Authors: Sachweh Patrick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electoral support for right-wing populist parties is typically explained either by economic deprivation or cultural grievances. Attempting to bring economic and cultural explanations together, recent approaches have suggested to conceptualize right-wing populist support as a problem of social integration. Applying this perspective to the German case, this article investigates whether weak subjective social integration-or subjective social marginalization, respectively-is associated with the intention to vote for the AfD. Furthermore, it asks whether the strength of this association varies across income groups. Based on original survey data from 2017, the results show that indicators of weak subjective social integration-feeling socially excluded, being anxious about one’s status, and distrusting others-increase the likelihood of voting for the AfD. Moreover, weak subjective social integration increases right-wing party support particularly among the middle-class. Thus, next to fears of downward mobility, feelings of subjective social marginalization emerge as a pathway to right-wing populism for the middle-class.
The Intended and Unintended Effects of Opioid Policies on Prescription Opioids and Crime
Authors: Deiana Claudio , Giua Ludovica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In response to the opioid crisis, US states have implemented policies to reduce the dispensing of opioids and curb drug mortality. Exploiting a long panel of county-level data, we analyse the combination of demand- and supply-side state opioid policies and evaluate their effect on opioids per capita dispensed and their unintended fallouts on drug-related crime. We demonstrate that only laws targeting the supply for opioids reduce the volume of prescribed drugs, while demand-side policies are less effective. We also emphasize that within supply-side state regulations, Pain Management Clinics Laws are the most successful in reducing the dispensation of prescription opioids. Remarkably, the drop in opioids distributed due to supply-side regulations is accompanied by negative externalities in the local market for illicit drugs.
The Information Structure–prosody interface in text-to-speech technologies. An empirical perspective
Authors: Domínguez Mónica , Farrús Mireia , Wanner Leo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe correspondence between the communicative intention of a speaker in terms of Information Structure and the way this speaker reflects communicative aspects by means of prosody have been a fruitful field of study in Linguistics. However, text-to-speech applications still lack the variability and richness found in human speech in terms of how humans display their communication skills. Some attempts were made in the past to model one aspect of Information Structure, namelythematicityfor its application to intonation generation in text-to-speech technologies. Yet, these applications suffer from two limitations: (i) they draw upon a small number of made-up simple question-answer pairs rather than on real (spoken or written) corpus material; and (ii) they do not explore whether any other interpretation would better suit a wider range of textual genres beyond dialogs. In this paper, two different interpretations of thematicity in the field of speech technologies are examined: the state-of-art binary (and flat) theme-rheme, and the hierarchical thematicity defined by Igor Mel’čuk within the Meaning-Text Theory. The outcome of the experiments on a corpus of native speakers of US English suggests that the latter interpretation of thematicity has a versatile implementation potential for text-to-speech applications of theInformation Structure–prosodyinterface.
Lexically specific accumulation in memory of word and segment speech rates
Authors: Brown Esther L. , Raymond William D. , Brown Earl Kjar , File-Muriel Richard J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Variability abounds in speech. According to usage-based accounts, lexical representations reflect phonetic variants of words resulting from contextual conditioning. Because faster speech contexts promote durational shortening of words and segments, words that occur more often in fast speech may be more reduced than words commonly used in slow speech, independent of the target’s contextual speech rate. To test this, linear mixed-effects models including a word form’s ratio of conditioning by fast speech contexts (FRCRATE) are used to predict the duration of Spanish /s/ and words containing /s/ in a corpus of spoken Spanish. Results show that words’ cumulative exposure to relatively fast speech affects phonetic realizations independent of factors operative in the production contexts. Thus, word and segment rates reflect cumulative (lexicalized) effects of words’ experience in fast speech contexts. The results suggest that lexically specific cumulative measures should be incorporated into models of linguistic variation and change.
An Adaptive Finite Element Scheme for the Hellinger–Reissner Elasticity Mixed Eigenvalue Problem
Authors: Bertrand Fleurianne , Boffi Daniele , Ma Rui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the approximation of eigenvalues arising from the mixed Hellinger–Reissner elasticity problem by using a simple finite element introduced recently by one of the authors.
We prove that the method converges when a residual type error estimator is considered and that the estimator decays optimally with respect to the number of degrees of freedom.
A postprocessing technique originally proposed in a different context is discussed and tested numerically.
Preparation of graphene oxide–boron nitride hybrid to reinforce the corrosion protection coating
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Chen Shougang , Zhang Yingjun , Liu Mingshun , Emori Wilfred , Shao Yawei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coatings based on a graphene oxide–boron nitride/epoxy (GO–BN/EP) system were fabricated and applied for corrosion protection of metal substrates. GO–BN hybrid sheet synthesized by using a modified Hummers’ method had a higher lipophilicity than GO and BN. Then, GO–BN hybrid was incorporated into an epoxy coating to investigate the compactness and the corrosion protection ability of GO–BN hybrid/epoxy coating for metal substrates. The results show that GO–BN hybrid presents a desirable dispersibility in epoxy coating, exhibiting an outstanding barrier property for corrosive ions in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution among the four systems under investigation. The present study set forth an innovative method to synthesize GO–BN hybrid in the field of corrosion protection.
Modeling of CCLP in koryo extract production
Authors: Chol Ji , Il Ri Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The modeling of counter-current leaching plant (CCLP) in Koryo Extract Production is presented in this paper. Koryo medicine is a natural physic to be used for a diet and the medical care. The counter-current leaching method is mainly used for producing Koryo medicine. The purpose of the modeling in the previous works is to indicate the concentration distributions, and not to describe the model for the process control. In literature, there are no nearly the papers for modeling CCLP and especially not the presence of papers that have described the issue for extracting the effective components from the Koryo medicinal materials. First, this paper presents that CCLP can be shown like the equivalent process consisting of two tanks, where there is a shaking apparatus, respectively. It allows leachate to flow between two tanks. Then, this paper presents the principle model for CCLP and the state space model on based it. The accuracy of the model has been verified from experiments made at CCLP in the Koryo Extract Production at the Gang Gyi Koryo Manufacture Factory.
Foreign language education in Spain: A historical view
Authors: García Bermejo María Luisa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractForeign language education (FLE) has always been a pending issue in Spain. However, after the accession to the European Union, globalisation and the European Commission language policies (European Commission 1995), new and more effective approaches to language teaching have been progressively established. Bilingual education has proved to be a successful pedagogical model to increase the knowledge of languages and content (Lasagabaster and Ruiz de Zarobe 2010). This article overviews the development of FLE in Spain from the mid-20thcentury to date. The main methodological changes from traditional models such as grammar-translation, direct and audio-visual methods to communicative approaches like task-based language teaching and, more recently, CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), will be examined in the light of the Spanish official language policies.
Weyl 𝑛-algebras and the Swiss cheese operad
Authors: Markarian Nikita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We apply Weyl 𝑛-algebras to prove formality theorems for higher Hochschild cohomology.
We present two approaches: via propagators and via the factorization complex.
It is shown that the second approach is equivalent to the first one taken with a new family of propagators we introduce.