bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate drivers of adult insect activity are conditioned by life history traits
Authors: Belitz Michael W. , Barve Vijay , Doby Joshua R. , Hantak Maggie M. , Larsen Elise A. , Li Daijiang , Oswald Jessica A. , Sewnath Neeka , Walters Mitchell , Barve Narayani , Earl Kamala , Gardner Nicholas , Guralnick Robert P. , Stucky Brian J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInsect phenological lability is key for determining which species will adapt under environmental change. However, little is known about when adult insect activity terminates and overall activity duration. We used community‐science and museum specimen data to investigate the effects of climate and urbanisation on timing of adult insect activity for 101 species varying in life history traits. We found detritivores and species with aquatic larval stages extend activity periods most rapidly in response to increasing regional temperature. Conversely, species with subterranean larval stages have relatively constant durations regardless of regional temperature. Species extended their period of adult activity similarly in warmer conditions regardless of voltinism classification. Longer adult durations may represent a general response to warming, but voltinism data in subtropical environments are likely underreported. This effort provides a framework to address the drivers of adult insect phenology at continental scales and a basis for predicting species response to environmental change.
Multiaxial static strength of a 3D printed metallic lattice structure exhibiting brittle behavior
Authors: Gavazzoni Matteo , Pisati Marco , Beretta Stefano , Foletti Stefano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on numerical the prediction of multiaxial static strength of lattice structures. We analyze a body‐centered cubic cell printed with Selective Laser Melting in AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy. Parent material is experimentally characterized, and the Gurson‐Tveergard‐Needleman (GTN) damage model is calibrated to predict failure in numerical simulations. The GTN model is used to predict failure of the lattice structures exhibiting brittle localized fracture, and it is validated through static tests. The results of experimental tension/compression monotonic tests on lattice samples are compared with the results of numerical simulations performed on as‐built geometry reconstructed by X‐ray computed tomography, showing a good correlation. Combining the damage model with computational micromechanics, multiaxial loading conditions are simulated to investigate the effective multiaxial strength of the lattice material. Yielding and failure loci are found by fitting a batch of points obtained by some multiaxial loading simulations. A formulation based on the criterion proposed by Tsai and Wu (1971) for anisotropic materials provides a good description of yielding and failure behavior under multiaxial load. Results are discussed, with a specific focus on the effect of as‐built defects on multiaxial strength, by comparing the resistance domains of as‐manufactured and as‐designed lattices.
The safety of activated eptacog beta in the management of bleeding episodes and perioperative haemostasis in adult and paediatric haemophilia patients with inhibitors
Authors: Escobar Miguel , Castaman Giancarlo , Boix Santiago Bonanad , Callaghan Michael , de Moerloose Philippe , Ducore Jonathan , Hermans Cédric , Journeycake Janna , Leissinger Cindy , Luck James , Mahlangu Johnny , Miesbach Wolfgang , Mitha Ismail Haroon , Négrier Claude , Quon Doris , Recht Michael , Schved Jean François , Shapiro Amy D. , Sidonio Robert , Srivastava Alok , Stasyshyn Oleksandra , Vilchevska Kateryna V. , Wang Michael , Young Guy , Alexander W. Allan , Al‐Sabbagh Ahmad , Bonzo Daniel , Macie Christopher , Wilkinson Thomas A. , Kessler Craig 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia patients with inhibitors often require a bypassing agent (BPA) for bleeding episode management. Eptacog beta (EB) is a new FDA‐approved recombinant activated human factor VII BPA for the treatment and control of bleeding in haemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors (≥12 years of age). We describe here the EB safety profile from the three prospective Phase 3 clinical trials performed to date.AimTo assess EB safety, immunogenicity and thrombotic potential in children and adults who received EB for treatment of bleeding and perioperative care.MethodsUsing a randomized crossover design, 27 subjects in PERSEPT 1 (12‐54 years) and 25 subjects in PERSEPT 2 (1‐11 years) treated bleeding episodes with 75 or 225 μg/kg EB initially followed by 75 μg/kg dosing at predefined intervals as determined by clinical response. Twelve PERSEPT 3 subjects (2‐56 years) received an initial preoperative infusion of 75 μg/kg (minor procedures) or 200 μg/kg EB (major surgeries) with subsequent 75 μg/kg doses administered intraoperatively and post‐operatively as indicated. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses.ResultsSixty subjects who received 3388 EB doses in three trials were evaluated. EB was well tolerated, with no allergic, hypersensitivity, anaphylactic or thrombotic events reported and no neutralizing anti‐EB antibodies detected. A death occurred during PERSEPT 3 and was determined to be unlikely related to EB treatment by the data monitoring committee.ConclusionResults from all three Phase 3 trials establish an excellent safety profile of EB in haemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors for treatment of bleeding and perioperative use.
Foetal hyperinsulinaemia and increased fat mass correlate negatively with circulating fatty acid concentrations in neonates of gestational diabetic mothers with dietary‐controlled glycaemia
Authors: Ortega‐Senovilla Henar , Schaefer‐Graf Ute , Herrera Emilio 
Published: October 2021

SummaryBackgroudHigher accretion of prenatal fat is associated with a higher proportion of obesity in children. However, most of the data on regulatory factors involved in fetal adipogenesis come from animal studies; in humans there is no evidence on how fetal insulin affects fatty acid concentrations and fetal adiposity.ObjectiveWe evaluate the relationship between fetal adipose tissue accretion with insulin and fetal consumption of circulating fatty acid (FA).MethodsIn fasting maternal blood at term and cord samples, from 41 gestational diabetes mellitus women (GDM) and 68 non‐diabetic controls, serum compounds were determined. Individual FA were analyzed and expressed as concentrations of FA (mmol/L).ResultsBoth groups had similar maternal serum glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol (TAG), non‐esterified FA (NEFA), glycerol and leptin concentrations, but most individual maternal serum FA were lower in GDM than controls. Neonatal fat mass (FM) was higher in the GDM group even though neonatal birth weights were similar. In GDM cord serum glucose, insulin, NEFA and leptin were higher than controls, but glycerol and all individual FA were lower. In GDM neonates only, a negative correlation was found between each FA and FM, and there was a strong negative correlation between the concentrations of umbilical blood insulin and five major FA.ConclusionOur results show for the first time that hyperinsulinemia in fetuses of GDM women increases FA utilization, which may contribute to to their increased adiposity.
Image‐based automated Psoriasis Area Severity Index scoring by Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Schaap M.J. , Cardozo N.J. , Patel A. , de Jong E.M.G.J. , van Ginneken B. , Seyger M.M.B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score is commonly used in clinical practice and research to monitor disease severity and determine treatment efficacy. Automating the PASI score with deep learning algorithms, like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), could enable objective and efficient PASI scoring.ObjectivesTo assess the performance of image‐based automated PASI scoring in anatomical regions by CNNs and compare the performance of CNNs to image‐based scoring by physicians.MethodsImaging series were matched to PASI subscores determined in real life by the treating physician. CNNs were trained using standardized imaging series of 576 trunk, 614 arm and 541 leg regions. CNNs were separately trained for each PASI subscore (erythema, desquamation, induration and area) in each anatomical region (trunk, arms and legs). The head region was excluded for anonymity. Additionally, PASI‐trained physicians retrospectively determined image‐based subscores on the test set images of the trunk. Agreement with the real‐life scores was determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared between the CNNs and physicians.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients between the CNN and real‐life scores of the trunk region were 0.616, 0.580, 0.580 and 0.793 for erythema, desquamation, induration and area, respectively, with similar results for the arms and legs region. PASI‐trained physicians (N = 5) were in moderate–good agreement (ICCs 0.706–0.793) with each other for image‐based PASI scoring of the trunk region. ICCs between the CNN and real‐life scores were slightly higher for erythema (0.616 vs. 0.558), induration (0.580 vs. 0.573) and area scoring (0.793 vs. 0.694) than image‐based scoring by physicians. Physicians slightly outperformed the CNN on desquamation scoring (0.580 vs. 0.589).ConclusionsConvolutional Neural Networks have the potential to automatically and objectively perform image‐based PASI scoring at an anatomical region level. For erythema, desquamation and induration scoring, CNNs performed similar to physicians, while for area scoring CNNs outperformed physicians on image‐based PASI scoring.
Chronic Absenteeism: Risks and Protective Factors Among Low‐Income, Minority Children and Adolescents
Authors: Malika Nipher , Granillo Cristie , Irani Crissy , Montgomery Susanne , Belliard Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLow‐income and racial/ethnic minority students often face distinct challenges in attending school eading to lower academic performance, low graduation rates, and overall, an indicator of diminished long‐term social and financial stability. Chronic absenteeism is a national problem and to address this, a better understanding of risks and points of intervention for the students most at risk is needed. This cross‐sectional study sought to assess risks and protective factors associated with chronic absenteeism in a predominantly low‐income minority school district in Southern.METHODSConducted in southern California, students (N = 24,439) ages 9 to 21 years were recruited. A logistic regression was used to assess the role poor physical and mental health, safety, bullying, and family risk factors attributed to chronic absenteeism.RESULTSResults revealed that asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, p < .001), being overweight/obese (OR = 1.38, p < .01), presence of family risk factors (OR = 1.49, p < .001), bullying (OR = 0.84, p < .05) and perceptions of safety at school (OR = 1.24, p < .05) increased the odds of chronic absenteeism, while protective factors such as support (OR = 1.30, p < .001), increased sleep (OR = 0.96, p < .001) and positive growth mindset (OR = 0.96, p < .001), mitigated it.CONCLUSIONThis study not only identifies risk but protective factors worth adhering to, to promote school attendance. Future research should further examine the role of mental health in chronic absenteeism.
Effects of root hemiparasite Escobedia grandiflora (Orobanchaceae) on southern Brazilian grasslands: Diversity, composition, and functional groups
Authors: Cardona Medina Edison , Sühs Rafael Barbizan , de Barcellos Falkenberg Daniel , Joner Fernando , Nodari Rubens Onofre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsEscobedia grandiflora is a root hemiparasite from Central and South America, and its orange roots are used as a phytomedicine and food coloring. Since root hemiparasites from South America have not been extensively investigated, here, in the first study conducted on a Latin American root hemiparasite species, we investigated how Escobedia grandiflora affects the structure and diversity of plant communities in four locations in southern Brazil, all belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome. Specifically, we asked if the presence of the hemiparasite would: (a) affect plant species composition; (b) influence the plant diversity; and (c) influence the percentage cover of dominant plant species.LocationSouthern Brazil.MethodsWe conducted a paired‐quadrat, i.e., with and without hemiparasite, observational study in four locations in southern Brazil. For each quadrat, species composition and percentage of the vegetative cover of each species were visually evaluated.ResultsSpecies composition differed between quadrats with and without Escobedia grandiflora. Quadrats with Escobedia grandiflora showed higher species richness, Shannon´s diversity, and Pielou’s evenness. These results varied also among functional groups. Furthermore, the percentage of dominant species decreased in the presence of Escobedia grandiflora.ConclusionsThere is a clear association between the neotropical root hemiparasite Escobedia grandiflora and the grassland plant community structure. Higher plant diversity, dominance reduction, and changes in species composition are associated with the presence of this perennial hemiparasite. These findings were consistent among four grasslands with markedly different physiognomies. However, future manipulative experiments are necessary to fully disentangle the cause–effect relation between higher plant diversity and the presence of Escobedia grandiflora.
Listening to snitches: Race/ethnicity, English proficiency, and access to welfare fraud enforcement systems
Authors: Headworth Spencer , Ríos Viridiana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow does the state respond to members of the public seeking to mobilize its coercive power? Focusing on welfare fraud control units in the United States, we examine how race/ethnicity and written English proficiency affect access to systems for reporting welfare fraud suspicions. Using a correspondence audit, we assess fraud control authorities' likelihood of taking up reports from Latinas and Whites with higher and lower English proficiency. We find that fraud units are less likely to take up lower‐proficiency Whites' reports, but that lower proficiency's uptake‐dampening effect does not hold for Latinas. To explain the mechanisms underlying our experimental results, we draw on interviews with fraud investigators. The interview evidence reveals the determinations of investigative promise underlying these uptake disparities. For White reporters, English errors cue gatekeepers' preexisting skepticism about public reporters' reliability, decreasing enthusiasm for investing resources in these reports. Reports from lower‐English proficiency Latinas offer special viability appeal, however, offsetting the negative influence on uptake probability that errors demonstrate for White reporters. Our results shed new light on contemporary racial/ethnic dynamics in the US welfare system, and advance social scientific understanding of how bureaucratic gatekeepers decide what to do—if anything—with volunteered reports of misconduct.
National identity and democracy: Effects of non‐voluntarism on formal democracy
Authors: Gabrielsson Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, I explore whether, and if so how, national identity affects the level of formal democracy in a country. I theorize and then investigate four assumptions: (i) classical nationalist stances hold that national membership depends on the accident of origin and cultural markers learned by early socialization. This non‐voluntary identity gives human beings a natural sense of belonging in society and fosters solidarity and trust that lead to better democracy; (ii) drawing on ideas about core values of ideal democracy the non‐voluntarist national identity exhibits an inherent contradiction between in‐group bias and intrinsic equality, which leads to lower levels of democracy; (iii) homogeneity in belief about what constitutes national belonging eases the dynamics between majority and minority, which benefits democracy; (iv) the presence of an in‐group identity, understood as a shared fellow‐feeling, boosts trust and solidarity and thereby benefits democracy. Individual‐level data about national identity comes from International Social Survey Programme (ISSP, 2013). Data about democracy comes from Varieties of Democracy (Coppedge et al., 2021; Pemstein et al., 2021). Results indicate that higher levels of non‐voluntarist features of national identity are strongly negatively correlated with levels of democracy and heterogeneity in beliefs about what constitutes national belonging relating to a higher level of liberal democracy.
Bolus flow and biomechanical properties of the esophageal wall during primary esophageal peristalsis: Effects of bolus viscosity and posture
Authors: Zifan Ali , Gandu Vignesh , Ledgerwood Melissa , Mittal Ravinder 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundStudies show that intraluminal impedance recordings of the esophagus allow one to measure the luminal distension during peristalsis, an important parameter for calculation of the biomechanical properties of esophageal wall. The goal was to determine the effect of subject posture and bolus viscosity on the biomechanical properties of esophageal wall, and the rate of bolus flow along the length of the esophagus during primary peristalsis.MethodsHigh‐resolution manometry impedance recordings were obtained in 14 normal healthy subjects. Swallows of 10 ml saline and viscous bolus were recorded in the supine and Trendelenburg positions. User identified the region of interest, and a custom‐designed software extracted parameters of interest such as bolus flow rate, esophageal wall tension, and esophageal wall distensibility in four equal segments of the esophagus.Key ResultsBolus flow rate decreases along the length of the esophagus, being slowest in the distal esophagus. Bolus flow rate is smaller in the Trendelenburg position and with viscous bolus as compared with supine position and saline bolus. Esophageal wall tension is greater in the Trendelenburg position and with viscous bolus as compared with the supine position and saline bolus. The esophageal wall distensibility is larger in the distal as compared with proximal esophagus, which is true for both the saline and viscous bolus.Conclusions & InferencesWe report, for the first time, bolus flow rate and biomechanical properties of the esophageal wall during swallow‐induced primary peristalsis. Future studies may investigate biomechanical basis of esophageal motility disorders using the methodology described.
Environmental and plant community drivers of plant pathogen composition and richness
Authors: Makiola Andreas , Holdaway Robert J. , Wood Jamie R. , Orwin Kate H. , Glare Travis R. , Dickie Ian A. 
Published: October 2021

Summary

Interactions between individual plant pathogens and their environment have been described many times. However, the relative contribution of different environmental parameters as controls of pathogen communities remains largely unknown.

Here we investigate the importance of environmental factors, including geomorphology, climate, land use, soil and plant community composition, for a broad range of aboveground and belowground fungal, oomycete and bacterial plant pathogens.

We found that plant community composition is the main driver of the composition and richness of plant pathogens after taking into account all other tested parameters, especially those related to climate and soil.

In the face of future changes in climate and land use, our results suggest that changes in plant pathogen community composition and richness will primarily be mediated through changes in plant communities, rather than the direct effects of climate or soils.
Manual lymphatic drainage and muscle energy techniques after third molar surgery: A randomized split‐mouth clinical trial
Authors: da Silva Sérgio Pinheiro , de Vasconcelos Thiago Brasileiro , Spinato Itana Lisane , Pozza Daniel Humberto , Meira e Cruz Miguel , Guimarães Antônio Sérgio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to verify if manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and muscular energy techniques (MET) helps on pain control and amplitude of mouth opening, in patients submitted to bilateral third molars surgeries.MethodsThirty consecutive patients, aged between 18 and 45 years, 53.7% males, were randomized in two groups: physical therapy group (PG), treated with MLD and MET on one random side of the mouth, being the other side, the control (CG). Additionally, for CG, paracetamol and dexamethasone were prescribed. The control of pain and inflammation in the PG was performed using manual therapy techniques (MLD and MET) and paracetamol. Postoperative pain was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS) and maximum active mouth opening by using a digital caliper.ResultsOn the 8th postoperative day the VAS were 2.13 ± 1.84 in the CG and 0.33 ± 1.45 in the PG (p < 0.05); the maximum active mouth opening range were 36.85 ± 6.39 mm in the CG and 53.30 ± 6.66 mm in the PG (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study emphasized that physical therapy is a good, noninvasive, alternative for the control of pain and limitation of mouth opening in the postoperative period of third molars surgery.Impact StatementThe postoperative physical therapy (PPT) represents an efficient modality of treatment that allows a faster and better noninvasive postoperative recovery after third molar surgery. PPT can be used in public health services by integrating physiotherapists in the dental teams reducing the need for pharmacological therapies.
The application of contrast‐enhanced CT combined with Image navigation in retrieval of displaced tooth: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Jing , Li Yuan , Cui Nian‐hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe displacement of a tooth to deep facial spaces is a rare but serious complication. The lateral pharyngeal space contains important structures such as the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and cranial nerves. To remove a displaced tooth from the lateral pharyngeal space is a difficult and high‐risk procedure because of the narrow space and the structures inside it.Material and methodsThis is a report of the application of contrast‐enhanced CT combined with image navigation in retrieval of a displaced tooth from the lateral pharyngeal space.ResultsThe displaced tooth was removed successfully. Satisfactory wound healing was achieved, without postoperative complications.ConclusionThis case report illustrates the importance of a method to optimize navigation, reduce damage to important anatomical structures, and provide a more precise and minimally invasive surgical procedure.
Oral ulcers in a finger‐sucking child after cutaneous wart therapy
Authors: McConnell Jennifer , Epperson Lindsey Claire , Eifert Faye , Aldy Kim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCommon skin warts frequently appear on the fingers of children, a patient population in whom finger‐sucking is a prevalent habit. Despite overlap between these two pediatric conditions, there are no well‐reported specific precautions against the use of topical blistering wart treatments, such as trichloroacetic acid and cantharidin, in finger‐sucking children with warts. We report the case of oral ulcers in a pediatric patient secondary to thumb‐sucking after receiving treatment for multiple finger warts with combination cryotherapy, trichloroacetic acid, and cantharidin.