bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphatase 2A is involved in Adherens Junction (AJ) Regulation in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kasa Anita , Czikora Istvan , Gergely Pal , Verin Alexander D. , Csortos Csilla 
Published: June 2021

We have previously shown that Ser/Thr phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is important for endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity preservation. To further define the functional role of PP2A in EC barrier we examined the role of PP2A in the regulation of EC AJs. EC immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of Bα subunit in the AJs area. Moreover specific interaction between PP2AB and AJs proteins was detected by pull down assay. Inhibition of PP2A negatively affected the EC function, in concert with the decreased expression of VE‐cadherin, and β‐catenin in the AJs and inreased β‐catenin phosphorylation. The depletion of Bα (regulatory) PP2A subunit led to the translocation of AJs proteins from the cell junctions to the cytoplasm in parallel with β‐catenin phosphorylation and F‐actin remodeling, suggesting a regulatory role of PP2A in EC barrier function and cytoskeletal integrity. The effect of Bα depletion was further enhanced by thrombin treatment. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that PP2ABα has a functional role in AJs regulation via the dephosphorylation of β‐catenin. These results also support a critical role of Bα plays in the barrier‐protective function of PP2A.MLOG7307
Influence of photoperiod in exercise performance and central nervous system activation
Authors: Machado Frederico Sander Mansur , Fóscolo Daniela , Niero Larissa , Coimbra Candido Celso 
Published: June 2021

AimsIn the present study, we sought to investigate the relationship between photoperiodic daily fluctuations of internal body temperature (Tcore) with physical capacity (Workload) and neuronal activation induced by progressive treadmill exercise test.MethodsAnimals were subjected to protocols of progressive exercise test (n=11), resting on treadmill (n=12) or without prior manipulation (n=12) during dark and light phases. At the end of the last experimental session, the animals were perfused and the brains removed for immunohistchemical analysis of neuronal activation in the locus coeruleus (LC), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supra‐optic nucleus (SO) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SQN).ResultsWorkload was 23% higher in the light phase when compared to dark phase exercise (p<0.001). PVN, SO and LC were strongly activated by exercise until fatigue independent of circadian phase (p<0.001). The SQN was not activated neither by exercise nor time of the day. A strong correlation between the activation of PVN, SO and LC was found only during the dark phase of the photoperiod.ConclusionThereafter, the time of the day, possibly through its centrally mediated mechanisms favors physical performance during light phase independent of basal spontaneous locomotor activity levels. Besides, the SQN seemed to be resistant to exercise related disturbances.Research sponsored by CAPES, CNPq and FAPEMIG.
Use of the Cam Kinase Kinase β Inhibitor is Contraindicated in Calcium Imaging Studies
Authors: Jurcsisn Jennifer , Pye Richard Laurence , Barr Barbara Lyn , Wyatt Christopher Neil 
Published: June 2021

The energy‐sensing enzyme AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) may play a critical role in oxygen‐sensing by the carotid bodies. To activate AMPK, it must be phosphorylated at Thr‐172 (alpha subunit) by upstream kinases. This study's objective was to determine the importance of CamKKβ in the hypoxic chemotransduction mechanism of oxygen‐sensing Type I cells within the mouse carotid body. Type I cells were loaded with Fura‐2 (5 μM). Intracellular Ca2+ was measured by exposing cells to 340nm and 380nm light and recording emission fluorescence at 510nm. Initial experiments were to see if Ca2+ increase during hypoxic exposure (10 Torr) could be altered by the CamKKβ inhibitor STO609 (100 μM). However, STO609 is green in solution and application caused large emission signal deviations. Faster changes in the 380nm signal caused a 340/380 ratio fall, suggesting intracellular Ca2+ decreased. Importantly, in the absence of cells, STO609 increased 510nm emission, indicating the inhibitor itself was fluorescing.To avoid this artifact, cells were loaded with a ‘red emission’ Ca2+ indicator dye, x‐Rhod‐1 (5 μM), exposed to 580nm light, and emission was recorded at 602nm. Cells were excited with high K+ (50mM). During elevated Ca2+, STO609 (100 μM) was applied and an immediate fall in the emission signal was observed. This decrease in Ca2+ signal with STO609 was also seen in cells exposed to 0mM Ca2+ solutions containing ionomycin. Thus STO609 directly interacts with x‐Rhod‐1 and is therefore precluded in Ca2+ imaging studies.Supported by NIH RO1‐HL091836
Discovering a sialic acid independent ligand for paired receptors Siglec‐5 and ‐14 (1003.5)
Authors: Fong Jerry , Deng Liwen , Varki Nissi , Nizet Victor , Varki Ajit 
Published: June 2021

Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14 are sialic acid (Sia)‐binding immunoreceptors found on myeloid lineage cells. Despite having identical ligand binding domains due to gene conversion, Siglec‐5 inhibits inflammatory responses after ligand engagement, but Siglec‐14 activates it instead. This unusual combination defines Siglec‐5 and ‐14 as paired receptors. Since sialoglycan ligands for Siglec‐5 are widely distributed on host cell surfaces, this is hypothesized to be a self‐recognition mechanism to prevent innate immune cells from attacking “self.” However, some bacterial pathogens take advantage of this self‐recognition system by engaging Siglec‐5, in order to suppress immune responses. Thus, it is hypothesized that Siglec‐14 emerged to counteract these “hijacking” pathogens. Although this model of Siglec‐14 evolution predicts uni‐directional gene conversion between Siglec‐5 and ‐14, the ligand binding domains of these receptors had undergone bi‐directional gene conversion instead. Also Siglec‐5 and ‐14 of some nonhuman primates have independently lost the ability to bind Sias due to a mutation in the Sia recognizing pocket. Thus, these receptors may have evolved to engage a Sia independent endogenous ligand. Preliminary evidence indicates that that such a ligand exists. Ongoing experiments are addressing whether this putative ligand‐receptor interaction modulates the pro‐inflammatory response.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NHLBI P01 HL057345
Breastfeeding practices as determinants of nutritional status and growth of Bangladeshi infants prior to 6 months of age (1015.4)
Authors: Schulze Kerry , Klemm Rolf , Christian Parul , Wu Lee , Shamim Abu , Ali Hasmot , Shaikh Saijuddin , Labrique Alain , Mehra Sucheta , West Keith 
Published: June 2021

Stunting is prevalent in South Asia and is rooted in poor growth in utero through 24 mo of age. We assessed nutritional status and growth as weight‐for‐length (WLZ) and length‐for‐age (LAZ) z‐scores at birth, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo in singleton infants born to mothers receiving iron‐folic acid in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplements. WLZ increased from birth (‐0.81 ± 1.08, n=10,707) to 3 mo (‐0.44 ± 1.15, n=12,079), before declining to 24 mo (‐1.35 ± 0.98, n=5,289). LAZ also improved from birth (‐1.64 ± 1.18, n=12,976) to 6 months (‐1.36 ± 1.09, n=8,405) before declining to lowest values at 24 mo (‐2.01 ± 1.00, n=5,301). By 1 mo, exclusive (EBF), predominant (PBF), partial (pBF), and no breast feeding (noBF) were related to WLZ and LAZ. At 3 mo, WLZ was 0.12 (95%CI: 0.05, 0.19), 0.18 (0.12, 0.24), and 0.75 (0.43, 1.09) lower, and LAZ 0.07 (0.02, 0.11), 0.18 (0.14, 0.22), and 0.81 (0.61, 1.00) lower, respectively, for PBF, pBF, and noBF compared to EBF infants in birth weight‐adjusted analyses (all P<0.01). By 6 mo, EBF conferred no benefit to LAZ relative to PBF or pBF. These patterns were unaffected by respiratory illness, diarrhea, or fever. Our data support the critical role of breast feeding in early life for children in rural Bangladesh, but show that by 6 mo EBF is inadequate to sustain relative anthropometric gains, supporting guidelines to introduce nutritious complementary foods in mid‐infancy.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant #614
Positive association between fresh dairy products consumption and healthy eating indexes in french adults (1018.8)
Authors: Lecerf Jean‐Michel , Hebel Pascale , Colin Justine 
Published: June 2021

We investigated in French adults the link between the consumption of fresh dairy products (FDP), the quality of the diet and the adequacy of nutrient intakes. Data from the national 2010 CCAF dietary survey (948 adults aged 25‐64, 7 days food records) were reprocessed to evaluate food groups intakes, especially FDP (made from no, low or full fat milk). Three FDP consumer profiles were defined according to the number of servings consumed per week (yogurt and fermented milks servings=125g, fresh cheeses serving=100g, petit‐suisse serving=120g): low consumers (less than 3 servings/week, average consumption: 33g/day), medium consumers (3 to 6 servings/week, average consumption: 83g/day) and high consumers (more than 6 servings/week, average consumption: 176g/day). Nutrient intakes were calculated using the CIQUAL2008 Food Composition database. This study shows a positive association between the level of consumption of FDP and the quality of the diet (evaluated through the PanDiet and diet diversity scores) and the adequacy of nutrient intakes (as compared to French mean nutrition needs). As compared to low consumers, high consumers of FDP: have a better and more diversified diet; consume more dairy products, fruits and cereal products and less ready‐to‐eat meals; better reach dietary recommendations such as 3 servings of dairy products/day and 5 servings of fruits &amp; vegetables/day; have more adequate intakes of calcium, iodine, potassium, vitamins B2, B6 and B9; have higher sugar intakes but a similar energy intake; have a BMI which is not significantly different. This study shows that high consumers of FDP adopt an overall healthier diet leading to more adequate nutrient intakes than low consumers of FDP. These results observed in French adults are consistent with those observed in US adults as well as in 3‐17 yo French children.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Danone Nutricia Research, Centre Daniel Carasso, Palaiseau, France.
Family‐style meals in a school foodservice setting: a qualitative study (1019.20)
Authors: Coborn Jamie , Burgess‐Champoux Teri , Rosen Renee , Marquart Len 
Published: June 2021

Schools are widely recognized as suitable environments for interventions targeted towards improving the health of children. Studies suggest a positive correlation exists between children’s health and the prevalence of family‐style meals. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions, barriers, and promoters to use of family‐style meals in a school foodservice setting. Five focus group interviews (n=40), with children (kindergarten, 3rd and 4th grade), parents, and teachers were conducted at an independent suburban school within the Minneapolis metropolitan area. Individual interviews (n=8) were conducted over the phone with foodservice directors and school administrators from Philadelphia and Minnesota. Focus groups and individual interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded by three individual coders to generate themes. Promoters of family‐style meals included development of children’s social skills and mealtime etiquette. Healthy eating behaviors were positively associated with family‐style meals through adult role‐modeling, peer to peer interaction, nutrition education, and increased exposure to diverse foods. Barriers to family‐style meals included cost, lack of resources, inadequate staffing, and ensuring compliance with federal school meal regulations. This study suggests that family‐style meals in school settings are developmentally appropriate, increase children’s acceptance of healthy foods, and create positive school‐home partnerships.Grant Funding Source: Foodservice Systems Management Education Council (FSMEC)
Age‐associated effect of freeze‐dried grape powder on inflammatory markers and physical activity in adults with knee osteoarthritis (1025.8)
Authors: Small Rebecca , Tiernan Casey , Kwon Young Hoo , Paulson Rene , Imrhan Victorine , Prasad Chandan , Vijayagopal Parakat , Juma Shanil 
Published: June 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease among US adults, leading to pain and disability. Treatment ranges from symptom management to joint replacement, leading many to seek natural dietary approaches. Grapes, rich in anti‐inflammatory polyphenols may aid in management of OA symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of grape consumption on physical activity, biochemical markers of inflammation (IL1‐β) and cartilage metabolism (COMP). A total of 72 men and women with knee OA were recruited and randomized. Group 1 (n=28, 21 female) consumed 47 grams of freeze‐dried grape powder (FDGP) daily for four months. Group 2 (n=28, 21 female) consumed 47 grams of a comparable placebo. Self‐reported physical activity and serum specimens were obtained at baseline and at four months. There was a significant decrease in very hard activity in the placebo group. However, a 70 % increase was seen in very hard activity for those <64 yr. in the FDGP group. Participants >65 yr. reported a significant decline in moderate and hard activities (P<.05) in both groups. A statistically significant increase in IL1‐β was observed in both groups, males > females. A greater increase occurred in the placebo group (637.33%) vs. FDGP (194.64%). Levels of IL‐1β and COMP increased more in those >65 yr. Both groups had a statistically significant increase in COMP (154.2% FDGP vs. 172.27% placebo). Longer treatment duration with FDGP may be necessary to see benefits on physical activity levels in this population.Grant Funding Source: Supported by California Table Grape Commission
Effects of a short‐term heavy resistance training in young and older adults for strength and body composition (1028.1)
Authors: Cloutier Gregory , Forman Daniel , Lindegger Nicolas , Roubenoff Ronnen , Castaneda‐Sceppa Carmen 
Published: June 2021

We examined changes in strength and body composition (BC) between healthy young (18‐30 y) and older (60+ y) adults in response to a short‐term, 8‐week, high‐intensity strength training (ST) program. 52 subjects, 31 young males (YM15), and females (YF16), and 21 older males (OM11) and females (OF10) completed 24 ST sessions (3 times per week) on Cybex pin selected machines. Exercises included leg extension (LE), chest press (CP), knee extension (KE), seated row (SR), and knee flexion (KF). All subjects performed three sets of six repetitions to failure at 80% of their 1 repetition max (1RM) on alternating days. Strength increased (%∆) for all exercises (P<0.05), with trends for LE (P=0.084) for OM. In OF, the KF and KE were not significant (P=0.244, P=0.219) respectively. No significant differences in strength %∆ were observed between genders. Significant gains in fat free mass were seen in YM (P<0.001), YF (P=0.039), and OM (P=0.039), but not in OF (P=0.839). Fat mass did not change significantly with ST. No adverse events occurred due to exercise. In conclusion, short‐term, high‐intensity ST results in parallel gains in strength and FFM independent of gender. However, body composition changes in older adults were not as pronounced as in young participants. The hormonal milieu may be a contributing factor and should be investigated further. Support: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research
Association between ghrelin and triglyceride levels in Blacks with and without type 2 diabetes (1029.5)
Authors: Huffman Fatma , Frade Teresa , McLean Michael , Zarini Gustavo , Exebio Joel , Antwi Janet , Ajabshir Sahar , Vaccaro Joan 
Published: June 2021

This cross sectional study examined the association between ghrelin and triglyceride levels in Haitian and African Americans with (n= 258) and without (n=239) type 2 diabetes. Participants were recruited from multiple sources from Miami‐Dade and Broward Counties, Florida. Fasting blood samples were collected and ghrelin was analyzed from whole blood using Enzyme Immunometric Assay. Serum triglyceride levels were assayed by enzymatic methods. Dietary variables were collected using the Willett’s food frequency questionnaire, and Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI‐05) scores were calculated. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations and linear regressions. Participants with type 2 diabetes had significantly lower ghrelin (P<0.001) and higher triglyceride levels (p=0.023) as compared to those without type 2 diabetes. Ghrelin was inversely correlated with triglyceride levels in participants with type 2 diabetes (P=0.021). Linear regression analysis indicated that after controlling for covariates, the association between lnghrelin and lntriglycerides was only significant for participants with type 2 diabetes (β=‐.181, SE=.042, P=0.003). Findings of this study suggested a potential role of ghrelin as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk in Blacks with type 2 diabetes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH/NIDDK sponsored grant.
Regional fat pattern differences between 8‐11, 12‐15, and 16‐19 year‐old male and female children (1031.10)
Authors: Davidson Robert , Corbin Wesley 
Published: June 2021

Objective. In our quest to accurately predict whole‐body and regional body composition changes in growing children we needed to determine whether male and female fat accumulation patterns were similar in growing children.Methods. Regional body composition data published by the U.S. Dept. of Health &amp; Human Services Center for Disease Control was utilized and analyzed by comparing the percentage of body fat accumulated in arm, leg, trunk and head regions of the body for 8‐11, 12‐15, and 16‐19 year old males and females as determined by DEXA. Linear regression and correlations were used to identify trends in fat accumulation patterns using group average data as well as body mass‐ranked data from each group.Results. Average body fat percent decreases in males and increases in females with age. Using age‐group average data regional fat patterns are similar for males and females. However, comparisons of age group body mass ranked‐data determined that the observed range of the percent of body fat in the arm region decreases with age while there is an observed increase in the percent of body fat that occurs in the trunk region. Older males also have much lower percent of body fat in the leg region.Conclusions. Post‐puberty fat patterns are different for male versus female children. Future DEXA studies should further distinguish chest, mid‐torso/waist, and hip/buttock distribution in trunk region.
Concordance of self‐report and measured height and weight of college students (1031.9)
Authors: Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol , Quick Virginia , White Adrienne , Shoff Suzanne , Lohse Barbara , Horacek Tanya , Kattlemann Kendra , Phillips Beatrice , Hoerr Sharon , Greene Geoffrey 
Published: June 2021

The inaccuracy of self‐report height (Ht) and weight (Wt) in survey research is frequently cited as a limitation. This study examined associations between 1686 college students’ self‐report, via online survey, and Ht and Wt measured in duplicate by trained staff using standard procedures. Participants were 77% White, 62% female, 18‐24 yr of age [mean 19.1±1.1], and enrolled at 8 universities. BMI was calculated for self‐report and measured Ht and Wt and categorized as normal (18.5 to 24.9) and overweight (蠅25). Concordance of self‐report vs. measured BMI classification groups using chi‐square revealed 93% were accurate, 4% self‐reported normal when actually overweight, and 2.7% self‐reported overweight when actually normal. Similar findings were found when stratified by gender, except females were significantly (p = 0.009) more accurate than males (95% vs. 91%). Pearson correlations revealed significant (p < 0.01) associations between self‐report and measured Ht and Wt (r = 0.97 for BMI; r = 0.98 for Ht; r = 0.99 for Wt). Findings provide support for the utility of self‐report Ht and Wt over other costly and cumbersome observed measurements of college students.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA National Research Initiative 2005‐35215‐154121541; NIH Grant M01RR10732
Macrophage expression of activation markers in iron deficient conditions (1034.18)
Authors: Leon Davila Minerva , Contreras Irazú , Gutierrez‐Sanchez Rosa , Estrada José 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II and costimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86) by macrophages from iron deficient mice.Methods: Two groups of BALB/c mice were established from gestation: control (standard diet, 100ppm iron) and iron deficient (iron deficient diet, 10ppm iron). At 21 days of age, pups were weaned and their spleens were dissected for mononuclear cell purification. Purified cells were stained with fluorochrome‐conjugated antibodies for the surface markers CD11b, CD45, F4.80, MHC‐I, MHC‐II, CD80 and CD86. Analysis of expression of these markers was performed by flow cytometry.Results: The percentage of positive cells for MHC‐I, CD80 and CD86 was higher in iron deficient mice compared to controls. In contrast, the percentage of positive cells for MHC‐I was lower in iron deficient mice. However, the number of cells expressing MHC‐I, CD80 and CD86 was higher in the iron deficient group, while the number of cells expressing MHC‐II was higher in the control group. The mean fluorescence intensity for all markers was higher in iron deficient mice.Conclusion: Iron deficiency increases the basal expression of cell surface markers of activation in splenic macrophages. These results may have important implications in the activation of leucocytes in basal conditions in iron deficient individuals.
Longitudinal changes in the dietary inflammatory index: an assessment of the inflammatory potential of diet over time in the Women’s Health Initiative (1034.5)
Authors: Tabung Fred , Steck Susan , Zhang Jiajia , Liese Angela , Ma Yunsheng , Ockene Judith , Tylavsky Frances , Vitolins Mara , Hebert James 
Published: June 2021

The role of diet in modifying chronic disease risk through its potential effect on inflammation is of great interest. We assessed changes over time in the inflammatory potential of specific dietary factors in the Observational Study cohort of the Women’s Health Initiative using the dietary inflammatory index (DII).The DII was calculated based on data from two food frequency questionnaires self reported at baseline and year 3 (n=77,437). A more negative DII score represents a more anti‐inflammatory diet. Linear mixed models were used to calculate multivariable‐adjusted mean changes in DII over time. At baseline and year 3, the mean DII was ‐0.98 and ‐1.33, respectively, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.60. The mean inflammatory potential of diet decreased over the 3‐year period, and varied among categories of age, BMI, and special diet status (any of low‐calorie, low‐fat/cholesterol, low‐sodium or high‐fiber diets; all p<0.0001): the average decrease in DII scores after 3 years was ‐0.44, ‐0.37, and ‐0.29 in normal weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively, while women who reported being on a special diet had a smaller decrease (‐0.29) than women who were not on special diets (‐0.43). Improvements in diet quality based on decreases in the inflammatory potential of self‐reported diet were observed. Future studies should evaluate change in diet quality and its association with chronic disease risk.Grant Funding Source: The WHI was funded by the NHLB; Dr. Hebert and Mr.Tabung by NCI grants K05CA136975 & 1F31CA177255