bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Rasashastra Dravya in Classical text of Ayurveda - Kashyap Samhita
Authors: Yeokar Vaibhav B , Belge Raman S , Dhaskat Tuleshwar M , Ramteke Vinod M , Motghare Komal P , Solanke Shrikant A 
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda is science of life. Ayurveda not only focuses on curing of diseased individual but also gives importance to maintenance of health of healthy person.Ayurveda is basically divided in Ashtangas (Eight Appendages). All these Ashtangas represents specific field of expertise in Ayurveda context. Out of these eight, Kaumarbhritya is field related to care of children. Kashyap Samhita is considered as the masterpiece of texts related to Kaumarbhritya. Kashyap Samhita was written by Acharya Kashyap, in the same time during which Charak Samhita was written.Rasashastra is study of use of metallic and mineral compounds for preparation of mineral & herbomineral formulations. References of Rasashastra being a specialty are found in classical texts since 800 A.D. But, there are some references scattered in various Samhitas regarding use of Rasashastra Dravyas. Kashyap Samhita being one of the old Samhitas is also not an exception to this.Â In this review article, an attempt was made regarding unveiling the references of Rasashastra Dravya in Kashyap Samhita and it was noted that a lot of references of Rasashastra Dravya are there in Kashyap Samhita in form of either internal administration or external application or for giving Drushtant (example).Â
Comparative Physico-chemical and Nutritional analysis of 1 year old and new Mudga [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]
Authors: Deshmukh Saylee , K Vyas M , J Shukla V 
Published: April 2021

In Ayurveda classics it is quoted that grains must be used between 1 - 2 years after its production while consumption of new grains should be avoided as its long term intake causes harmful effect on body as it is said to be Guru i.e. difficult to digest and Abhishyandi i.e. increases secretions of internal organs. It is said to be one of the cause for manifestation of Prameha which is being correlated with Diabetes mellitus on the basis of symptoms. Grains are major part of Indian diet. Present study aims at comparison between 1 year old and new Mudga [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] on the basis of physico-chemical and nutritional analysis. Mudga has been selected as it is most commonly used and have great therapeutic efficacy.Â Â
Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical analysis of Gandhakadi yoga vati
Authors: OTMRKSB Kalawana , R Harisha C , S Patel K , K Kori V , S Rajagopala 
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda is one of the oldest medical systems having its own strong scientific concepts. Most herbal, Animal and mineral products are used to make Ayurvedic formulations and ancient Ayurvedic Aachaaryas have mentioned various methods to quality control and to standardization those formulations. And also it has been developed different techniques to evaluate the quality of medicines by modern science. So there is a current need of analyze Ayurvedic products also according to modern scientific pharmaceutical and pharmacognostical parameters for the global acceptance of Ayurveda. Hence the present study was carried out to pharmacognosticaly analyze the ingredients and finished product of Gandhakadi Yoga Vati and to analyze the Physico-chemical parameters of the same. Gandhakadi Yoga Vati is an Ayurvedic formulation used as an adjuvant in the management of Thalassemia Major. Pharmacognostical characteristics of Gandhakadi Yoga Vati Â under the microscope showed that oil globules, stone cells & oleoresin contents, of Vidanga (Embelia robusta Burm.f.), fibers and oil globules of Agastya Pathra (S. grandiflora Linn.), warty trichome with base of Bhringaraja (E.alba L.) and crystaline depositions of Gandhaka. In the pharmaceutical study, it was observed that Loss on drying was 3.5 %w/w, pH was 6.5, Alcohol soluble extractive was 8.9 % w/w and water soluble extractive was 5.5 % w/w.Â HPTLC study showed 06 peaks at 254 nm and 03 peaks at 366 nm wave lengths.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of Vrikshamlaadi Yog in Sthaulaya
Authors: Singh Shilpi , K Sharma Y 
Published: April 2021

Obesity (Sthaulaya) is one of the commonest disease which affects adults and children equally. Obesity is not simply aesthetically ugly but is associated with a large number of metabolic disorders like hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, osteoarthritis, etc.In 21st century ,continuous changing life styles, environment and dietary habitsÂ have made man victimÂ of many diseases. Sthaulaya(Obesity) is one of the most common disease which affectsÂ someoneâ€™s social, physical and mental features. In AyurvedaÂ sthaulaya has been described since early days. AcharayaCharaka has mentioned sthaulaya among eight undesirable persons (Ch.su.21) &Santarpanjanitaroga (Ch.su.23). There are more than a billion overweight people in the world.Present study was conducted to explore evidence based therapeutic potential of VRIKSHAMLAADI YOG in Sthaulaya.. The patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and voluntarily wiling for trial were registered from O.P.D. & I.P.D. Dept. of Kayachikitsa R.G.G.P.G.AYU Hospital,Paprola. Total 20 Patients were registered & turned for follow up after 8 weeks. The trial drug â€œVrikshamlakadi yogaâ€Â a combination of several herbal extractÂ was given in fixed dose combination.Â As per assessment criteria15 patients showed moderate Improvement, 4 showed mild/no improvement and 1 patient did not come for follow up. Statistical analysis showed all variables kept in assessment & evaluation criteria have significant positive improvement (p<0.001).Â Vrikshamlaadiyog proved to be an effective and safe remedy for Sthaulaya.Â
A Comparative Study of Dantashodhana Chroorna and Dantashodhana Paste after Scaling in Preventing the Recurrence of Dantasharkara (Calculus)
Authors: D Makwana , B Vaghela D , S Patel K 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: 97.1 million Persons worldwide have Dental Calculus. Scaling is standard treatment protocol for the disease. Avoidance of oral hygiene results in recurrence. Ayurveda may be helpful in this aspect. This study was planned to compare the role of Dantashodhana Choorna and Dantashodhana paste in preventing the recurrence of â€˜Dantasharkaraâ€™ (Dental calculus) after scaling and to compare which was more convenient drug form. Materials and Method: For this study total 30 patients were registered and randomly divided into two groups, among which all patients completed the treatment. Patients were treated with; Ultrasonic scaling followed by Dantashodhana Choorna Pratisarana in group A and Dantashodhana paste application with the soft toothbrush in other group. Profoma were filled to decide better convenient drug form. Result: statistically insignificant result was obtained on comparing effect of therapy between both groups. Most persons preferred Dantashodhana paste for long term, regular use and use in diseased condition over Choorna. Conclusion: Â Dantashodhana paste application and Dantashodhana Choorna are almost equally effective in preventing the recurence of â€˜Dantasharkaraâ€™ (calculus) after scaling and to regain the gingival and dental health. Dantashodhana paste is more convenient way of oral hygiene in comparison to Choorna Pratisarana.Â
A Study on the Effect of Mahaushadhadi Anjanam in Pishtakam
Authors: V Krishna Kumar , A Abdul Salam , K Swamy G 
Published: April 2021

Pishtakam is a disease occurring in the white portion of the eye. It is manifested as a dense white eruption, or as a nodule resembling a water drop. It is a Kapha predominant condition treatable by medical intervention. Pinguecula is a condition resembling Pishtakam. It is an extremely common degenerative condition of the conjunctiva which is characterized by formation of a yellowish white nodule on the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus. In this study Anjanam which is a medical intervention and a localized Kapha sodhana procedure was taken as the intervention of choice. It was planned to compare the result between Mahaushadhadi Anjanam in Group A study group and Jateemukuladi Anjanam in Group B control group. Mean change in vertical diameter of Pishtakam before treatment and 2 months after treatment in study group was 0.9025 and for control group it was 0.2450. Â Mean change in horizontal diameter of Pishtakam before treatment and 2months after treatment in study group was 0.5325 and for control group it was 0.1900. Â No adverse drug reaction was found during whole study. Total 40 patients were registered and from the results and observations it could be concluded that both drugs were effective and the study drug proved to be more significant in comparison to the control drug (p=<0.001) .Â
Evaluación de estrategias para promover el aprendizaje usando TIC: el caso de un curso de Temas de Estadística Multivariante
Authors: Ojeda Ramírez Mario Miguel , Márquez Espinosa Zulma Selene 
Published: April 2021

Actualmente algunos maestros implementan diferentes métodos con el fin de promover una educación ligada a la realidad para proporcionar una formación más eficaz y un aprendizaje significativo. Los métodos activos tienen como objetivo aumentar la motivación y crear escenarios en los que la participación de los estudiantes es el eje para lograr un aprendizaje más significativo. Este trabajo trata sobre la implementación de un proceso de innovación educativa en el curso Temas de Estadística Multivariante que se ofrece en la licenciatura en Ciencias y Técnicas Estadísticas de la Universidad Veracruzana (México). Se describen las estrategias utilizadas: juegos para la recopilación de datos, diseño y desarrollo de proyectos, y realización de presentaciones individuales y de grupo. Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) que se utilizaron son EMINUS, la plataforma de educación distribuida de la Universidad Veracruzana y la gestión de archivos con Dropbox, además de la comunicación a través de WhatsApp. Se usó el software R para el análisis estadístico y para la elaboración de presentaciones de resultados en foros académicos. Para explorar las percepciones de los estudiantes se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y se crearon indicadores para evaluar la satisfacción. Los resultados señalan evidencias positivas, concluyendo que los estudiantes se mostraron satisfechos con la forma en que se diseñó e implementó el curso. Los alumnos también declararon que se sentían capaces de aplicar lo que habían aprendido. Las opiniones indican que a partir de estas estrategias se sintieron preparados para su vida profesional. Por último, se incluyen algunas sugerencias para mejorar el curso en próximas ediciones.
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Iqbal Nargis , Amna Rafique  , Faiza Nisar  , Iqbal Ahmad Azhar  , M Zia-Ul-Miraj  , Khulood Mukhtar  , Nazia Nawaz  , Najia Anjum  , Nadia Khurshid  
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To ascertain the prevalence of stress and anxiety disorder affecting the learning behaviors on Medical students during pandemic of COVID-19, so that strategies to cope would be streamlined.
Methodology: This Cross sectional study was carried out at AL-Aleem Medical College, Lahore attached with Gulab Devi Educational Complex, over a period of three months from September 2020 to November 2020 after approval from Institutional Review Board. Non probability convenience sampling technique was used, a total of 150 willing medical students 50 from each class (1st, 2nd and 3rd) were included in this study. The Data was collected by handing over “The 7- item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7)” Perfprma, it was entered and then analyzed with SPSS version 23.
Results: Total prevalence of stress and anxiety disorders in medical students was 81%, it was more prevalent in host élite 68.20% and in females 69%, the P-Value between female /male was 0.016 that is statistically significant. The mean age of students was 20.43 years
Conclusions: This study highlight the significant level of stress and anxiety disorders in Pakistani Medical Students during COVID-19 Pandemic. To reduce this stress and anxiety special preventive strategies and its implementation are the need of the hour in order to produce seven stars doctors.
SoilKsatDB: global database of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements for geoscience applications
Authors: Gupta Surya , Hengl Tomislav , Lehmann Peter , Bonetti Sara , Or Dani 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is a key parameter in many hydrological and climate models. Ksat values are primarily determined from basic soil properties and may vary over several orders of magnitude. Despite the availability of Ksat datasets in the literature, significant efforts are required to combine the data before they can be used for specific applications. In this work, a total of 13 258 Ksat measurements from 1908 sites were assembled from the published literature and other sources, standardized (i.e., units made identical), and quality checked in order to obtain a global database of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (SoilKsatDB). The SoilKsatDB covers most regions across the globe, with the highest number of Ksat measurements from North America, followed by Europe, Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia. In addition to Ksat, other soil variables such as soil texture (11 584 measurements), bulk density (11 262 measurements), soil organic carbon (9787 measurements), moisture content at field capacity (7382), and wilting point (7411) are also included in the dataset. To show an application of SoilKsatDB, we derived Ksat pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for temperate regions and laboratory-based soil properties (sand and clay content, bulk density). Accurate models can be fitted using a random forest machine learning algorithm (best concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) equal to 0.74 and 0.72 for temperate area and laboratory measurements, respectively). However, when these Ksat PTFs are applied to soil samples obtained from tropical climates and field measurements, respectively, the model performance is significantly lower (CCC = 0.49 for tropical and CCC = 0.10 for field measurements). These results indicate that there are significant differences between Ksat data collected in temperate and tropical regions and Ksat measured in the laboratory or field. The SoilKsatDB dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3752721 (Gupta et al., 2020) and the code used to extract the data from the literature and the applied random forest machine learning approach are publicly available under an open data license.
Inspectietoezicht op de Belastingdienst in internationaal perspectief
Authors: Welp Pieter , Bokhorst Meike 
Published: April 2021

Inspection supervision of the Tax and Customs Administration from an international perspective
The cabinet has decided to set up a national inspectorate with the task of supervising the quality and the rule of law of the public services provided by the tax authorities. The reason for this is the persistent problems surrounding the Tax and Customs Administration for years (organization, management, IT, personnel) and more recently the crisis surrounding the supplementary child benefit. The Netherlands is not the first and will soon not be the only country with a special regulator for the tax authorities and which focuses on legal protection of taxpayers and the quality of the service. In this article, we ask ourselves how the institution of the new Dutch inspectorate relates to the situation in various foreign countries and we examine which dilemmas and policy questions these raise. We note that with this new inspection the Netherlands is in tune with the situation in various foreign countries. Regarding the relationship and cooperative relationship with the National Ombudsman, the guarantee of the independent and impartial exercise of inspection supervision and the increasing importance of a Charter of the rights of taxpayers, a few important policy questions remain in a comparative sense.
Art, Science and the Poetry of Justice – Pragmatist Aesthetics and Its Importance for Law and Legal Education
Authors: de Been Wouter 
Published: April 2021

Art, Science and the Poetry of Justice – Pragmatist Aesthetics and Its Importance for Law and Legal Education Special Issue on Pragmatism and Legal Education Sanne Taekema & Thomas Riesthuis (eds.)
Classic pragmatists like John Dewey entertained an encompassing notion of science. This pragmatic belief in the continuities between a scientific, ethical and cultural understanding of the world went into decline in the middle of the 20th century. To many mid-century American and English philosophers it suggested a simplistic faith that philosophy and science could address substantive questions about values, ethics and aesthetics in a rigorous way. This critique of classic pragmatism has lost some of its force in the last few decades with the rise of neo-pragmatism, but it still has a hold over disciplines like economics and law. In this article I argue that this criticism of pragmatism is rooted in a narrow conception of what science entails and what philosophy should encompass. I primarily focus on one facet: John Dewey’s work on art and aesthetics. I explain why grappling with the world aesthetically, according to Dewey, is closely related to dealing with it scientifically, for instance, through the poetic and aesthetic development of metaphors and concepts to come to terms with reality. This makes his theory of art relevant, I argue, not only to studying and understanding law, but also to teaching law.
Utilização de um software para a verificação da derivada de algumas funções de relativa complexidade de demonstração
Authors: Queiroz Rogeria Teixeira Urzêdo , Queiroz Rhelman Rossano Urzêdo 
Published: April 2021

O Cálculo Diferencial e Integral é uma disciplina que consta da grade curricular dos períodos iniciais de diversos cursos de graduação. É inegável a importância do conhecimento dos principais conceitos dessa disciplina, bem como ter clareza do seu amplo espectro de aplicações. Entretanto, na opinião de vários professores de Cálculo Diferencial que existe uma grande dificuldade dos alunos ingressantes nos cursos superiores de Ciências Exatas em assimilar os conteúdos propostos nos planos de curso da referida disciplina. Há várias discussões no meio acadêmico relativas a esse tema “dificuldade em Cálculo” e, entre elas, destaca-se a afirmativa de que as deduções de equações e demonstrações de teoremas, com recursos algébricos apenas, aumentam o grau de dificuldade da disciplina. Neste artigo, propõe-se uma forma alternativa de se verificar a derivada de algumas funções, sem os recursos algébricos apresentados pelos livros-texto de Cálculo, com a qual os alunos poderão utilizar a definição de derivada empregando o software Graphmatica.
La numérisation de la vie : de la nécessité d’une approche biosémiotique de la convergence des codes
Authors: Bardini Thierry 
Published: April 2021

Cet article soutient la thèse que l’approche de la biosémiotique est nécessaire pour faire sens des phénomènes contemporains de la convergence des codes analogique et numérique du vivant. Après avoir explicité cette notion de « convergence des codes » et présenté rapidement le problème posé par la perspective métaphorique du code génétique qui constitue le paradigme fondateur de la biologie moléculaire, l’auteur insiste sur la nécessité de l’ajout de la notion d’interprétant de la sémiotique Peircienne. Cette avancée biosémiotique permet une meilleure compréhension des passages entre l’analogique et le digital, en transformant la notion d’information génétique, comprise non plus comme une substance, mais bien comme un processus.
Explorations of avoidance and approach coping and perceived stress with a computer-based avatar task: detrimental effects of resignation and withdrawal
Authors: Allen M. Todd 
Published: April 2021

Background
Individuals differ in how they react to stress or trauma through different coping styles in which they may deal directly with a stressor by adopting approach coping styles or disengage with a stressor by utilizing avoidant coping styles. Avoidant coping styles have been linked to adverse outcomes including psychological distress, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, avoidance coping styles as measured by a subset of items on the Brief COPE were found to have a weak positive relationship with performance on a computer-based avatar task which is related to avoidant personality temperaments. This avatar task was developed as an alternative for paper and pencil self-report inventories for measuring avoidant tendencies based on possible response biases of avoidant individuals. In the current study, avoidance and approach coping styles as measured by the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire (BACQ) were compared to avoidant coping as measured by the Brief COPE and performance on the avatar task. In addition to approach and avoidance coping, the BACQ also measures active avoidance coping (i.e., diversion) and passive avoidance coping (i.e., resignation and withdrawal). The relationships between approach and avoidance coping and performance on the avatar task were also analyzed with the outcome of perceived stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Methods
One hundred undergraduates voluntarily completed the BACQ, the Brief COPE, and the PSS. Participants also completed a computer-based task in which they guided an avatar through a series of social situations where they indicated how they would interact with or avoid interacting with strangers.

Results
Approach coping had a weak negative relationship to avoidance coping as measured by the BACQ and the Brief COPE. Performance on the avatar task had a moderate positive relationship with avoidance coping (diversion as well as resignation and withdrawal) as measured by the BACQ and a moderate negative relationship with approach coping as measured by the BACQ. A model including only approach, diversion, and resignation and withdrawal coping best predicted performance on the avatar task in a linear regression model. While resignation and withdrawal coping and diversion coping had moderate positive relationships to avatar task scores, only resignation and withdrawal had a strong positive relationship to perceived stress. A model than included only resignation and withdrawal coping best predicted perceived stress in a linear regression model. Overall, passive avoidant coping styles (i.e., resignation and withdrawal), but not active avoidant coping style (i.e., diversion), were related to perceived stress. These results support the continued study of multiple aspects of avoidant coping styles as well as the avatar task to increase our understanding of the maladaptive effects of excessive avoidance in the face of stress.