bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Light‐Powered Antibiofilm ZnO Micromotors with Chemically Programmable Properties
Authors: Ussia Martina , Urso Mario , Dolezelikova Kristyna , Michalkova Hana , Adam Vojtech , Pumera Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBacterial biofilms are multicellular communities firmly attached to solid extracellular substrates. They are considered the primary cause of huge economic losses, from medicine due to medical implants’ failure to large infrastructure due to enhanced pipe corrosion. Therefore, their eradication is highly desirable. Here, the preparation of ZnO self‐propelled micromotors is reported, programming their morphology and motion properties through Ag doping. The ZnO:Ag micromotors actively move upon light irradiation via a self‐electrophoretic mechanism, showing excellent light‐controlled on/off switching motion. At the same time, the rapid and effective removal of both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria biofilms from the solid surface is demonstrated, exploiting the well‐known antibacterial activity of both Ag and ZnO as well as the enhanced diffusion of the micromotors. The new concept for the low‐cost and scalable preparation of chemically programmable Ag‐doped ZnO micromotors here illustrated opens a new route toward the formulation of a new class of light‐driven semiconducting self‐propelled micromotors for environmental applications.
Chiral Perovskites for Next‐Generation Photonics: From Chirality Transfer to Chiroptical Activity
Authors: Ma Sunihl , Ahn Jihoon , Moon Jooho 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites (OIHPs) are commonly used as prototypical materials for various applications, including photovoltaics, photodetectors, and light‐emitting devices. Since the chiroptical properties of OIHPs are deciphered in 2017, chiral OIHPs have been rediscovered as new hybrid systems comprising chiral organic molecules and achiral inorganic octahedral layers. Owing to their exceptional optoelectrical properties and structural flexibility, chiral OIHPs have received a considerable amount of attention in chiral photonics, chiroptoelectronics, spintronics, and ferroelectrics. Despite their intriguing chiral properties, the transfer mechanism from chiral molecules to achiral semiconductors has not been extensively investigated. Furthermore, an in‐depth understanding of the origin of chiroptical activity is still elusive. In this review article, recent advances in the chiroptical activities of chiral OIHPs and polarization‐based devices adopting chiral OIHPs are comprehensively discussed, and insight into the underlying chirality transfer mechanism based on theoretical considerations is provided. This comprehensive survey, with an emphasis on the chirality transfer mechanism, will help readers understand the chiroptical properties of OIHPs, which are crucial for the development of spin‐based photonic and optoelectronic devices. Additionally, promising strategies to exploit the potential of chiral OIHPs are also discussed.
Seamless Monolithic Design for Foam Based, Flexible, Parallel Plate Capacitive Sensors
Authors: Cicek Melih Ogeday , Doganay Doga , Durukan Mete Batuhan , Gorur Mustafa Caner , Unalan Husnu Emrah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCapacitive pressure sensors received significant attention in line with advancements in wearable electronics. However, in the era of the wearable electronics, fabricated sensors fail to fulfill the absolute requirements. Significant portion of the previously reported capacitive pressure sensors suffer from excessive weight, lack of air permeability, and washing stability due to the use of separate electrode layers. A low‐cost, lightweight, parallel plate capacitive sensor with a unique seamless monolithic design that allows sensors to circumvent aforementioned problems is hereby demonstrated. The seamless monolithic capacitive sensor (MCS) with a density of as low as 10.78 mg cm−3 is fabricated using 3D masking technique on a commercially available melamine foam with silver nanowire electrodes and a protective thin layer of polydimethylsiloxane coating. In addition to its unique design, the MCSs show high sensitivity (up to 1.285 kPa–1), fast response/recovery time (18 ms/53 ms), very low‐pressure sensing ability (0.5 Pa) with ultra‐high mechanical (42 000 cycles), and washing stabilities (10 cycles) along with high air permeability. Moreover, finite element analysis simulations are conducted to reveal the deformation mechanism differences between the monolithic and classical design. Finally, in order to demonstrate their true potential, fabricated MCSs are utilized in real‐time body motion monitoring, word and proximity detection.
Optical Waveguides in Organic Crystals of Polycyclic Arenes
Authors: Tian Di , Chen Yulan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOrganic crystals which can confine and guide optical waves on command are currently of considerable interest because of their tremendous potentials in broadband communications, optoelectronic devices, high‐capacity information storage, etc. Polycyclic arenes, with tunable molecular structures, packing modes, and photophysical properties, are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as optical waveguide crystals. In this review, the optical waveguides of polycyclic arene‐based crystals are discussed, focusing on the molecular design, packing structures, crystal engineering, and the corresponding photonic properties. Moreover, several proof‐of‐concept devices are also shown. This review summarizes the current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of optical waveguiding materials.
Catalyst‐Free Electrophilic Ring Expansion of N‐Unprotected Aziridines with α‐Oxoketenes to Efficient Access 2‐Alkylidene‐1,3‐Oxazolidines
Authors: Chen Xingpeng , Huang Zhengshuo , Xu Jiaxi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract2‐(2‐Oxoalkylidene)‐1,3‐oxazolidine derivatives were synthesized in good to excellent yields regiospecifically through the catalyst‐free electrophilic ring expansion of N‐unprotected aziridines and the ketene C=O double bond of α‐oxoketenes, in situ generated from the microwave‐assisted Wolff rearrangement of 2‐diazo‐1,3‐diketones. The ring expansion predominantly underwent an SN1 process and the hydrogen bond decides the (E)‐configuration of products.magnified image
Ultrahigh Phosphorus Doping of Carbon for High‐Rate Sodium Ion Batteries Anode
Authors: Yan Jie , Li Haomiao , Wang Kangli , Jin Qianzheng , Lai Chenglong , Wang Ruxing , Cao Shengling , Han Jing , Zhang Zhuchan , Su Jinzhao , Jiang Kai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhosphorus doped carbons are of particular interest as anode materials because of their large interlayer spacing and strong adsorption of Na+ ions. However, it remains challenging to achieve high phosphorus doping due to the limited choices of phosphorus sources and the difficulty in constructing oxygen‐free synthesis system. Herein, a new synthesis strategy is proposed to prepare ultrahigh phosphorus‐doped carbon (UPC) anodes for high performance sodium ion batteries (SIBs). By using two commonly available, miscible, evaporable liquids in PCl3 and C6H12, as phosphorus and carbon sources, an oxygen‐free reaction system is successfully established by N2 bubbling to simultaneously realize carbonization and in situ P doping. The P content can reach 30 wt%, much higher than most reported P‐doping carbon‐based materials. Furthermore, the doped P is dominated by substitutional P(C3) protrusions in the carbon lattice, which can significantly enlarge the interlayer spacing and enhance the adsorption energy of Na+. When serving as the SIBs anode, the UPC delivers an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 510.4 mAh g−1 with a rational operating voltage of 0.54 V, and the best rate capability of 397.1 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. This new strategy will effectively promote the practical application of hard carbon.
Bioanode‐driven CO2 electroreduction in a redox‐medium‐assisted system with high energy efficiency
Authors: Ye Zipeng , Li Youzhi , Zhao Nannan , Yang Bin , Hou Yang , Lei Lecheng , Li Zhongjian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCO2 electrocatalytic reduction (CO2ER) is usually energy‐intensive, due to a high overpotential of the coupled anodic oxygen evolution reaction. Combining exoelectrogens catalyzed organic matters oxidation on a bioanode with cathodic CO2ER has a high energy efficiency. However, direct coupling the two half reactions in one electrolysis cell resulted in mismatch problems. Here, a Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64− redox‐medium‐assisted bioanode‐driven CO2ER system was developed. Specifically, electrons and energy in organic matters were recovered by exoelectrogens, and then stored in the redox‐medium, which was further controllably discharged to drive CO2 reduction to CO on a ZnO/Zn alloy electrocatalyst. Benefiting from the redox‐medium, a high energy efficiency of 135% and a CO2 to CO Faradic efficiency of 82% were achieved. The developed system can potentially recover energy from wastewater to valorize CO2 emitted from wastewater treatment and thus evolve traditional wastewater treatment to be a sustainable, carbon neutral, and chemicals producing process.
Co‐occurring non‐omphalocele and non‐gastroschisis anomalies among cases with congenital omphalocele and gastroschisis
Authors: Stoll Claude , Alembik Yves , Roth Marie‐Paule 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of omphalocele and gastroschisis is not obvious. Their etiology is disputed. The prevalence and the types of anomalies co‐occurring with omphalocele and gastroschisis are variable in the different series published. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and the types of co‐occurring anomalies in cases with gastroschisis and omphalocele. This study was performed in a well‐described population of 387,067 consecutive births between 1979 and 2007. Hundred‐one cases with omphalocele were registered (2.61 per 10,000), 75 (74.3%) had co‐occurring anomalies comprising chromosomal anomalies (28 cases, 27.7%, including 18 trisomy 18), non‐chromosomal syndromes (16 cases, 15.8%, including 3 cases with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, 2 cases with the OEIS sequence, and one case with the Pentalogy of Cantrell complex), and 31 cases, 30.7% with MCA (multiple congenital anomalies). The most common MCA were musculoskeletal (23.5%), urogenital (20.4%), cardiovascular (15.1%), and central nervous (9.1%). Seventy‐one cases of gastroschisis were ascertained (1.83 per 10,000). However, the prevalence increased during the study period. The frequency was highest in the mothers 15–19 years old. Sixteen out of the 71 cases with gastroschisis, (22.5%) had co‐occurring anomalies including 11 cases of MCA and 5 cases with syndromes. To conclude, the frequency and the types of anomalies co‐occurring with omphalocele and gastroschisis are peculiar. Therefore, cases with gastroschisis and omphalocele need to be screened for co‐occurring anomalies.
Catalytic Co‐Conversion of CH4 and CO2 Mediated by Rhodium–Titanium Oxide Anions RhTiO2−
Authors: Yang Yuan , Li Ya‐Ke , Zhao Yan‐Xia , Wei Gong‐Ping , Ren Yi , Asmis Knut R. , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCatalytic co‐conversion of methane with carbon dioxide to produce syngas (2 H2+2 CO) involves complicated elementary steps and almost all the elementary reactions are performed at the same high temperature conditions in practical thermocatalysis. Here, we demonstrate by mass spectrometric experiments that RhTiO2− promotes the co‐conversion of CH4 and CO2 to free 2 H2+CO and an adsorbed CO (COads) at room temperature; the only elementary step that requires the input of external energy is desorption of COads from the RhTiO2CO− to reform RhTiO2−. This study not only identifies a promising active species for dry (CO2) reforming of methane to syngas, but also emphasizes the importance of temperature control over elementary steps in practical catalysis, which may significantly alleviate the carbon deposition originating from the pyrolysis of methane.
Aluminum–iron separation in high‐acid leaching solution and high‐purity alumina preparation
Authors: Shen Hairong , Gao Likun , Ma Fangtong , Rao Bing , Jiang Peng , Gao Guangyan , Peng Kebo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe demand for bauxite has increased sharply due to the fast development of alumina industry, so new technology must be developed to take full advantage of nontraditional bauxite resources to realize a continuous supply of bauxite. In this experiment, anatase sulfuric acid leaching liquor is taken as the research object to conduct aluminum–iron separation and high‐purity alumina preparation. The leaching solution contains 34.20 g/L of Al2O3, 25.30 g/L of TFe, 7.96 g/L of TiO2, 12.74 mg/L of Sc2O3, and 288.72 g/L of H2SO4. When the temperature is low, aluminum and iron condensation, which are not conducive to the separation and recovery of various elements, may occur easily. In this study, the ammonium aluminum sulfate crystallization–recrystallization and ion exchange–calcination method is adopted to effectively separate aluminum and iron in a strong acid solution comprising high concentrations of aluminum and iron without consuming high residual acid in the leaching liquor. Consequently, successful production of high‐added‐value product 4N (99.99%) level γ‐Al2O3 with ammonium aluminum sulfate is obtained through separation as the raw material. The product has a specific surface area of 7.845 m2/g with a nearly spherical shape and being evenly distributed. Therefore, it realizes high‐value aluminum utilization from nontraditional bauxite.
Robust polymer incorporated TiO2‐ZrO2 microsphere coatings by electrospraying technique with excellent and durable self cleaning, antibacterial and photocatalytic functionalities
Authors: Simon Sanu Mathew , George Gejo , Chandran Anoop , Valparambil Prakashan , M. Shamsudeen Sajna , Saritha A. C. , Biju P. R. , Thomas Sabu , Joseph Cyriac , Vishwambharan Unnikrishnan N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe applications of self‐cleaning coatings on large scale are limited due to their poor durability, remnants of hazardous by‐products and lack of biocompatibility. We propose to solve this problem by developing TiO2‐ZrO2 composite‐based self cleaning coatings. In order to achieve this task another important aspect was to select biocompatible polymers poly (methyl methacrylate) and pluronic F‐127 (PF‐127) as they can enhance the self‐cleaning capability of TiO2‐ZrO2 which itself is biocompatible and endowed with anti‐bacterial capability. The selection of a preparation technique that could produce coatings mimicking the nature has also been important and hence Electrospraying technique was selected as the processing method. The samples were then characterized using various techniques like field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and so forth to fathom the interlink between observed properties and morphology. High quality superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic films have been generated and the surfaces were modulated by the addition of tri‐block co‐polymer which was found to provide swapping of superhydrophobic nature to superhydrophilic nature. The integration of superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic, photocatalytic and antibacterial properties in the prepared microsphere coatings is a unique achievement and may interest those in the quest for self‐cleaning materials for antibacterial coatings in mitigating surgical site infections, medical implants, coronary stent surfaces, and so forth.
Buddhist approach to corporate sustainability
Authors: Song Hee‐Chan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe win‐win paradigm of corporate sustainability suggests that firms can transform sustainability issues into strategic opportunities, thereby creating shared values at the intersection of business and society. This study explores an alternate approach by delving into Buddhism and its meditative tradition. To deeply immerse myself into the monastic life of Buddhist monks and their meditation practice, I conducted a 5‐year ethnographic fieldwork in 82 Buddhist temples across Asia. In the fieldwork process, I was even ordained as a Buddhist monk to internalize the practice. This level of immersion allowed me to investigate the nature of Buddhist meditative mindfulness and its role in reframing corporate sustainability. Drawing upon the findings and relevant literature, I suggest a Buddhist approach to corporate sustainability that offers a unique worldview on the interrelationships between economy, society, and environment. In conclusion, I compare the Buddhist approach to the win‐win paradigm.
Voluntary intoxication, homicide, and mens rea: Past, present, and future
Authors: MacIntyre Michael R. , Darby William C. , Sones Alexander C. , Li Jesse , Leong Gregory B. , Weinstock Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVoluntary, or intentional, acute intoxication does not qualify for an insanity defense. However, in many jurisdictions, voluntary intoxication can create a diminished capacity to form a specific intent necessary for a criminal offense. This is a type of mens rea defense. Homicide provides a clear example where the absence of a required specific intent can lead to a lesser included crime that does not require that specific intent. Thereby, a mens rea defense may lessen a first‐degree murder charge to a lesser degree or even manslaughter, depending on the jurisdiction. After reviewing the history of mens rea defenses and voluntary intoxication, we performed a search of LexisNexis for state statutes and case law regulating the use of voluntary intoxication in mens rea defenses, focusing on homicide‐related offenses. In this article, we compare the different approaches that have developed to address this complex issue. We discuss why knowledge of these different approaches is essential to the practicing forensic examiner in relevant jurisdictions and explore developing issues in the area.
Communities of benefit exchange – A new taxonomy of alternative consumption practices
Authors: Bajaj Neha , Ogden Steve , Steel Marion , Rahman Kaleel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe consumer landscape is changing, with traditional behaviours, channels and models of commerce evolving rapidly. This has resulted in an increasingly disruptive landscape for businesses. One example is the growth of communities of consumers who collaborate through diverse and non‐conventional channels (often focused on specific needs or interests) to engage in information seeking and giving, socialisation, resource sharing and trade. This emerging field of research presents challenges due to the diverse and fragmented theory base available to explore, explain and analyse the phenomena we position in alternative consumption literature. In this paper, we address this challenge in the form of a Communities of Benefit Exchange (CoBE) taxonomy of exchange dimensions detailing purpose, nature of gain and benefit, channel and level of interaction and entity structure evident for consumers who participate in this practice.
Trinexapac‐ethyl rate and timing impact on malt barley production in Virginia
Authors: Swoish Michael , Da Cunha Leme Filho Jose Franco , Reiter Mark , Stewart Ryan , Thomason Wade 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreased demand for local malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for breweries and distilleries creates an opportunity for Virginia farmers. Lodging may decrease grain yield, reduce quality, and cause harvesting difficulties. Trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) is a plant growth regulator that reduces cell elongation and creates a shorter, sturdier stem. Field studies were initiated in 2017 and 2018 to test TE effects on ‘Flavia’ and ‘Violetta’ two‐rowed winter barleys at Blackstone and Holland, VA. Treatments consisted of: no TE; 7.2 fl oz TE acre−1 and 14.4 fl oz TE acre−1 at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 29; 7.2 fl oz TE acre−1 and 14.4 fl oz TE acre−1 at GS32; and 14.4 fl oz TE acre−1 equally split between GS29 and GS32 in a randomized complete block with four replications. Plant height, lodging incidence, and grain yield were measured. The effect of TE rate and timing varied, but all applications at GS32 resulted in significantly shorter plants. Plant lodging was decreased in 2019 at Blackstone by all TE applications compared to untreated. Plant height was decreased by as much as 42% in 2019 and plant injury was observed. Grain yield was decreased by all TE applications in Blackstone and GS32 and split applications in Holland in 2019, presumably due to stress preceding and following TE application. Plant growth at the time of application, forecasted weather, and cultivar susceptibility to lodging should all be considered when determining the optimal TE application rate and timing to reduce plant height without negatively impacting grain yield.
Judicial intervention in granting interim measures in international arbitration
Authors: Gandotra Aditya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArbitration as a dispute settlement mechanism is gaining popularity due to various factors such as its consensual nature and flexibility as compared to court proceedings. Independency of arbitration as an adjudication mechanism has enhanced and distanced it from the involvement of national courts. However, there may be times when parties may seek intervention of courts to secure interim or conservatory measures till final award in rendered. This article discusses whether an emergency arbitrator is a proper arbitrator who renders enforceable decisions and whether the provisional measures so granted should be construed as final award or not.
Discovery of a dune‐building hybrid beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria × A. breviligulata) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Authors: Mostow Rebecca S. , Barreto Felipe , Biel Reuben , Meyer Eli , Hacker Sally D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe production of novel hybrid zones is an ecologically important consequence of globally increasing rates of species introductions and invasions. Interspecific hybridization can facilitate gene flow between parent species or produce novel taxa that may alter invasion dynamics or ecosystem services. The coastal sand dunes of the U.S. Pacific Northwest coast are densely populated by two non‐native, congeneric, dune‐building beachgrasses (Ammophila arenariaandA. breviligulata). Here, we present morphological, cytological, and genetic evidence that the two beachgrass species have hybridized in this globally unique range overlap. TheA. arenaria × A. breviligulatahybrid has been found at 12 coastal sites in Washington and Oregon. It is a first‐generation hybrid between the beachgrass species as evidenced by genome size comparisons and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. It is intermediate between the parent grasses in many morphological characters but exceeds both parents in shoot height, a trait associated with dune‐building potential. Understanding the ecological and population genetic consequences of this novel hybridization event is of the utmost importance in a system where any change in dominant beachgrass species can have large effects on both biodiversity management and coastal protection.