bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Emissions from A Temperate Coastal Peatland Wildfire: Contributions from Natural Plant Communities and Organic Soils
Authors: Mickler Robert 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the scientific challenges of understanding climate change has been determining the important drivers and metrics ofglobal carbon (C) emissions and C cycling in tropical, subtropical, boreal, subarctic, and temperate peatlands. Peatlands account for 3% of global land cover, yet contain a major reservoir of 550 gigatons (Gt) of soil C, and serve as C sinks for 0.37 Gt of carbon dioxide (CO2) a year. In the United States, temperate peatlands areestimated to store 455 petagrams of C (PgC).There has been increasing interest in the role of wildfires in C cycling and altering peatlands from C sinks to major C sources. We estimated above- andbelow-ground C emissions from the Pains Bay Fire, a long-duration wildfire (112 days; 18,329 ha)that burned a coastal peatlandin eastern North Carolina, USA. Results: Soil C emissions were estimated from pre- and post-burn Light Detectionand Ranging (LIDAR) soil elevation data,soils series and C content mapping, remotely sensed soilburn severity, and post-burn field surveys of soil elevation.Total above-ground C emissions from the fire were 289,579 tC and 214 t C ha-1for the 10 vegetation communitieswithin the burn area perimeter. Above-ground sources of C emissions were comprised of litter (69,656 t C), shrub (168,983 t C), and foliage (50,940 t C).Total mean below-ground C emissions were 5,237,521 t C, and ranged from 2,630,529 – 8,287,900 t C,depending on organic matter content of different soil horizonswithin each of the 7 soil series. The mean below-ground C emissions within the burn area were 1,595.6 t C ha-1 and rangedfrom 629.3 – 2,511.3 t C ha-1.Conclusions: In contrast to undisturbed temperate peatlands, human induced disturbances of thenatural elevation gradient of the peatland has resulted in increased heterogeneity of floristic variation and assemblages that are a product of the spatial and temporal patterns of the water table level and the surface wetness across peatlands. Human induced changes in surface hydrology and land use influenced the fuel characteristics of natural vegetation and associated soils, thus influencing wildfire risk, behavior, and the resulting C emissions.
Different Mechanisms of Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Response to Ocean Heat Transport
Authors: Aylmer Jake Robert , Ferreira David , Feltham Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding drivers of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice on multidecadal timescales is key to reducing uncertainties in long-term climate projections. Here we investigate the impact of Ocean Heat Transport (OHT) on sea ice, using pre-industrial control simulations of 20 models participating in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). In all models and in both hemispheres, sea ice extent is negatively correlated with poleward OHT. However, the similarity of the correlations in both hemispheres hides radically different underlying mechanisms. In the northern hemisphere, positive OHT anomalies primarily result in increased ocean heat convergence along the Atlantic sea ice edge, where most of the ice loss occurs. Such strong, localised heat fluxes (~100 W m − 2 ) also drive increased atmospheric moist-static energy convergence at higher latitudes, resulting in a pan-Arctic reduction in sea ice thickness. In the southern hemisphere, increased OHT is released relatively uniformly under the Antarctic ice pack, so that associated sea ice loss is driven by basal melt with no direct atmospheric role. These results are qualitatively robust across models and strengthen the case for a substantial contribution of ocean forcing to sea ice uncertainty, and biases relative to observations, in climate models.
Identification of Significant Genes With Poor Colorectal Cancer Prognosis In Via Bioinformatical Analysis
Authors: Li Shaodong , Dong Ruizhi , Liang Bin , Kang Zhenhua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose:Identification of significant genes with poor colorectal cancer prognosis in via bioinformatical analysis.Method:Gene expression profiles of GSE74602、 GSE110223、GSE113513 and GSE 141174 were available from GEO database. There are 65 CRC tissues and 65 normal tissues in the four profile datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRC tissues and normal tissues were picked out by GEO2R tool and Venn diagram software. Next, we made use of the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to analyze Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO). Then protein-protein interaction (PPI) of these DEGs with Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING).Results:There were total of 171 consistently expressed genes in the four datasets, including 148 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated genes. up-regulated DEGs were particularly enriched in oxidation-reduction process, in extracellular exosome, in zinc ion binding, in Metabolic pathways, Mineral absorption; and down-regulated DEGs in positive regulation of cell proliferation, in cytosol, in One carbon pool by folate. Furthermore, for the analysis of overall survival among those genes, Kaplan–Meier analysis was implemented and 30 of 88 genes had a significantly worse prognosis. For validation in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), 13 of 30 genes were discovered highly expressed in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, MYC 和 FGFR3 markedly enriched in the Bladder cancer pathway.Conclusion: We have identified two significant up-regulated DEGs with poor prognosis in CRC , which could be potential therapeutic targets for CRC patients.
Anti-Choking Suction Devices for Foreign Body Airway Obstruction in Children. Would Parents and Kindergarten Teachers be Able to Use Them Without Training?
Authors: Fazanes Aida Carballo , Abelairas-Gomez Cristian , Rodríguez-Ruiz Emilio , Barcala-Furelos Roberto , Núñez Antonio Rodríguez 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is limited scientific evidence on the brand-new suction anti-choking devices as alternative or complementary tools for the treatment of foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO). However, they are already available in some public places. With the hypothesis that laypersons would not use them properly we have carried out the present simulation study.A randomized crossover trial study in a simulated FBAO scenario was conducted. Forty-two parents and eight kindergarten staff without knowledge about anti-choking devices voluntarily participated. Participants had to solve a simulated FBAO situation in three randomized scenarios: 1) Following the current choking international guidelines, 2) Using the LifeVac® device, and 3) Using DeCHOKER® device, according to the instructions provided by manufacturers. Data from 51 participants (54.9% female) were analyzed. Higher success rate was achieved with the LifeVac® and DeCHOKER® devices in comparison with the standard FBAO protocol (median [IQR]: 100.0% [83.0-100.0], 100.0% [75.0-100.0], and 50% [38.0-75.0] respectively; p=0.004). No significant differences were observed between both anti-choking devices (p=0.796). The procedure time was significantly shorter with the LifeVac® device (p<0.001).Conclusion: Untrained laypeople, under simulated conditions, are able to properly handle LifeVac® and DeCHOKER® anti-choking devices according to the manufacturer’s instructions in less than one minute. However, they have difficulties to perform the current recommended choking protocol. Further studies are needed to confirm whether the new devices could have a role in the FBAO management.
Analyzing the Whole Transcriptome Profiles of ncRNAs and Predicting the Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines With Cisplatin Resistance
Authors: Lv Huimin , Jin Shanshan , Zou Binbin , Liang Yuxiang , Xie Jun , Wu Suhui 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective:: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. In order to identify the function between mRNA and non-coding RNA (ncRNA, including lncRNA,circRNA, miRNA) in CC DDP resistance, we analyzed its expression related to transcription profile and the RNA regulatory network between ncRNA and mRNA.Methods: In this study, whole transcriptome high-throughput sequencing (RNA-sequencing) analysis was used to study the ncRNA profiles of parental SiHA cells and DDP-resistant SiHA/DDP cells. Conducted gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and analyzed mRNAs (DE) with significant differences in expression. Then, based on the authoritative cytoscape software v.3.7.2, drug resistance-related genes and signal transduction pathways, a ceRNA network combining lncRNA and mRNA was predicted and constructed. In addition, a constructed ceRNA regulatory pathway was randomly selected, namely lnc-AC010198.2 / hsa-miR-34b-3p / STC2, and verified by real-time qPCR, dual luciferase reporter gene system, and RNA pull-down assay. After transfection with si-lnc-AC010198.2 and DDP resistance, the changes in gene expression and biological function in SiHA and SiHA/DDP cells were further analyzed.Results: Through bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis, we found that lnc-AC010198.2 / miR-34b-3p / STC2 may be the mechanism by which SiHA / DDP cells are resistant to DDP compared to parent SiHA cells. After si-lnc-AC010198.2 is resistant to DDP after transfection, there are significant differences between SiHA/DDP and SiHA cells' downstream gene expression, the biological function of colony formation, invasion efficiency, and cell apoptosis.Conclusions: Our study may provide new markers and potential mechanisms for CC DDP resistance, and discover some novel targets for reversing it.
Modelling Present and Future Climate in the Mediterranean Sea: A Focus on Sea-Level Change
Authors: Sannino Gianmaria , Carillo Adriana , Iacono Roberto , Napolitano Ernesto , Palma Massimiliano , Pisacane Giovanna , Struglia MariaVittoria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present results of three simulations of the Mediterranean Sea climate: a hindcast, a historical run, and a RCP8.5 scenario simulation reaching the year 2100. The simulations are performed with MED16, a new, tide-including implementation of the MITgcm model, which covers the Mediterranean - Black Sea system with a resolution of 1/16°, further increased at the Gibraltar and Turkish Straits. Validation of the hindcast simulation against observations and numerical reanalyses has given excellent results, proving that the model is also capable of reproducing near-shore sea level variations. Moreover, the spatial structure of the elevation field compares well with altimetric observations, especially in the Western basin, due to the use of improved sea level information at the Atlantic lateral boundary and to the adequate treatment of the complex, hydraulically driven dynamics across the Gibraltar Strait.Under the RCP8.5 future scenario, the temperature is projected to generally increase while the surface salinity decreases in the portion of the Mediterranean affected by the penetration of the Atlantic stream, and increases elsewhere. The warming of sea waters results in the partial inhibition of deep-water formation.The scenario simulation allows for a detailed characterization of the regional patterns of future sea level, arising from ocean dynamics, and indicates a relative sinking of the Mediterranean with respect to the Atlantic more pronounced than the current one. Explicit tidal forcing and an accurate resolution of the Gibraltar Strait are proved to be key features in the designing of numerical simulations for the Mediterranean Sea.
Study On Abrasive Particle Impact Modeling And Cutting Mechanism
Authors: Feng Long , Zhang Qiang , Du Mingchao , Zang Wanshun , Wang Haixia 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Abrasive particles play a vital role in the impact on materials during abrasive waterjet cutting. To study the effect of particles on the cutting performance during abrasive waterjet cutting, the mostly irregular shape of the abrasive particles in the actual cutting process needs to be considered. In this paper, the particles are simplified as angular and circular particles. The method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is used to simulate the process of particle impact targeting in abrasive jet cutting. Because the abrasive particle impact causes a large local deformation or removal of the surface of the target material, the traditional grid-based numerical method is not suitable for such problems; thus, the SPH method, which is suitable for the impact problem, is selected to establish the numerical model and solve it. In this paper, the fracture process of abrasive particles with different shapes of impact ductility and brittle target materials is studied by a numerical model. In the modeling process, abrasive particles are modeled as rigid bodies with material properties, the ductile materials is an aluminum alloy, the brittle material is quartz glass, which are simulated by changing the initial input conditions and particle shape, and the model is verified by experiments. The results show that the model successfully reproduces the collision process of particles during abrasive jet cutting, including the deformation mechanisms of plowing, fracture and crushing of the target.
Sustainable Thermochemical Extraction of Amorphous Silica From Biowaste
Authors: Banoth Swapna , Babu V Suresh , G Raghavendra , Rakesh K , Ojha S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The objective is to utilize zero wastage rice hull material which contains major component silica in amorphous and used as reinforcement material for various applications. Burning of hull in controlled condition after removal of metal ions leads to white silica of high purity. An economical method for extraction of amorphous natural silica by thermochemical treatment (pyrolysis process) is performed. The pyrolyzed biomass at four different temperatures is observed for treated and untreated rice hull. Calcination of rice hull at 600ºc in muffle furnace turns into white amorphous natural silica. In this research, inorganic acid HCl is used to retrieve silica from rice hull. Synthesized Silica is characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, which indicates that the silica is amorphous form, it displayed a strong broad peak at 22.32º and 21.52˚ (2q). The FT-IR data was revealed the existence of peaks at 4000 cm-1& 400 cm-1 showing the siloxane & silanol groups were present, Fluorescence Spectrophotometer, SEM and EDS.
Risk Factors and Clinical Prognosis of Hyperbilirubinemia After Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Gao Yingdi , Li Dongjie , Dong Honghong , Guo Yulin , Peng Yuanshu , Liu Yan , Su Pixiong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is unclear. This study aimed at retrospectively analyzing the incidence and character of perioperative hyperbilirubinemia in patients undergoing OPCAB, to analyze the independent risk factors, to identify the correlation with adverse events and mortality, and to explore the management strategy of perioperative hyperbilirubinemia.Methods: Clinical data for 416 patients (314 males and 102 female), who had been subjected to off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from December, 2016 to March, 2019 were recorded. Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as serum total bilirubin ≥ 34.2 μmol/L within 5 days after surgery. Based on the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia, patients were divided into the normal serum total bilirubin group and the hyperbilirubinemia group. Perioperative variables between the two groups were compared by univariate logistic regression analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze variables with statistical significance. Then, we determined the independent risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia after OPCAB. Moreover, incidences of adverse events, length of ICU stay, time of mechanical ventilation and mortality rates between the two groups were compared. Results: Thirty two of 416 patients were found to exhibit postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. The incidence rate was 7.7%. Based on univariate regresssion analysis, differences in gender, preoperative total bilirubin levels, perioperative IABP implantation, perioperative blood transfusion between the two groups were significant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated preoperative serum total bilirubin levels (OR=1.241, p<0.001), perioperative blood transfusion (OR=0.237, p=0.002) and perioperative IABP implantation (OR=0.238, p=0.003) were independent risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia after OPCAB. Compared to the normal bilirubin group, incidences of new acute renal failure, continuous renal replacement therapy, perioperative myocardial infarction, pulmonary infection, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and in-hospital mortality in the hyperbilirubinemia group were significantly increased.Conclusions: Perioperative hyperbilirubinemia is associated with adverse events and mortality. In clinical practice, changes in serum total bilirubin levels among patients undergoing OPCAB should be routinely monitored, and active as well as early interventions in patients with risk factors performed. In this manner, postoperative complications can be reduced, thereby improving patient prognosis.
Mass transfer associated with chloritization in the hydrothermal alteration process of granitic pluton
Authors: Yuguchi Takashi , Matsuki Takanobu , Izumino Yuya , Sasao Eiji , Nishiyama Tadao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study, along with our previous studies (Yuguchi et al. 2015, 2019a), reveals the hydrothermal alteration processes in a pluton, with a focus on the mass transfer between minerals and hydrothermal fluid. It also depicts the sequential variations in fluid chemistry as alteration progresses. Hydrothermal alteration of the Toki granite in Tono, Japan—the study area of this research—progressed through the successive processes of chloritization, plagioclase alteration, and precipitation of a carbonate. This paper describes the alteration processes of hornblende chloritization, K-feldspar chloritization, and the formation of fracture-filling chlorite through petrography and mineral chemistry. A set of singular value decomposition analyses was conducted to obtain reaction equations for the chloritization processes, which facilitates the quantitative assessment of mass transfer between the reactant and product minerals, and the inflow and outflow of components through the hydrothermal fluid. Several types of chloritization reactions (including biotite chloritization) can be characterized by their reaction with the inflow of Al3+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ and the outflow of H4SiO4, Ca2+, K+, and F–.
The age and thermal conditions of hornblende chloritization (64–54 Ma and 330–190 °C), K-feldspar chloritization (68–53 Ma and 350–210 °C), and precipitation of fracture-filling chlorite (66 and 63 Ma, 340 and 320 °C) overlap with those of biotite chloritization (68–51 Ma and 350–180 °C). The chloritization reactions (this study and Yuguchi et al. 2015) and plagioclase alteration (Yuguchi et al. 2019a) represent sequential variations in fluid chemistry at temporal conditions from 68 to 51 Ma as the temperature decreased from 350 to 180 °C. As the alteration proceeds, the concentrations of aluminum, iron, manganese, and magnesium ions in the hydrothermal fluid decrease gradually, and those of calcium, hydrogen, and fluorine ions increase gradually.
Hornblende chloritization is associated with formation of magnetite and ilmenite. The thermal conditions of the hydrothermal fluid yielding the formation of magnetite and ilmenite can be interpreted by the chemical characteristics of chlorite around their associated minerals. The formation temperature of magnetite was higher than that of ilmenite, implying a decrease in oxygen fugacity in the hydrothermal fluid with the decrease in temperature from 280–310 to 220–250 °C.
Nitscheite, (NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]·3H2O, a new mineral with an unusual uranyl-sulfate sheet
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Olds Travis A. , Plášil Jakub , Nash Barbara P. , Marty Joe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nitscheite (IMA2020-078), (NH4)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]·3H2O, is a new mineral species from the Green Lizard mine, Red Canyon, San Juan County, Utah, U.S.A. It is a secondary phase found in association with chinleite-(Y), gypsum, pyrite, and Co-rich rietveldite. Nitscheite occurs in subparallel and divergent intergrowths of yellow prisms, up to about 0.3 mm in length. Crystals are elongated on [101] and exhibit the forms {100}, {010}, {001}, and {111}. The mineral is transparent with vitreous luster and very pale-yellow streak. It exhibits bright green fluorescence under a 405 nm laser. The Mohs hardness is ~2. The mineral has brittle tenacity, curved fracture, and one good cleavage on {010}. The measured density is 3.30(2) g·cm−3. The mineral is easily soluble in H2O at room temperature. The mineral is optically biaxial (–), α = 1.560(2), β = 1.582(2), γ = 1.583(2) (white light); 2Vmeas = 17(1)°; no dispersion; orientation X = b, Z ≈ [101]; pleochroism X colorless, Y and Z yellow; X &lt; Y ≈ Z. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula (NH4)1.99U2.00S3.00O21H10.01. Nitscheite is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 17.3982(4), b = 12.8552(3), c = 17.4054(12) Å, β = 96.649(7)°, V = 3866.7(3) Å3, and Z = 8. The structure (R1 = 0.0329 for 4547 I &gt; 3σI reflections) contains [(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2]2− uranyl-sulfate sheets, which are unique among minerals, with NH4 and H2O groups between the sheets.
Chemistry-dependent Raman spectral features of glauconite and nontronite: Implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis
Authors: Baumgartner Raphael J. , Cuadros Javier , Michalski Joseph , Pejcic Bobby , Laukamp Carsten , Hu Siyu , Bourdet Julien 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive Raman spectral characterization of nontronite and glauconitenontronite mixed-layer phases from seafloor hydrothermal fields. These 2:1 phyllosilicates, which show isomorphous cation exchange between Mg2++Fe2+ and Fe3++Al3+ in the dioctahedral sheets, exhibit three diagnostic Raman peaks in the low wavenumber region (v1 ~241–257 cm−1; v2 ~600–606 cm−1; v3 ~690 cm−1), and one peak at ~3548–3570 cm−1 (v4). With increasing (Mg2++Fe2+)oct, the presumed stretching band of octahedral OH-O bonds (v1) is displaced to a higher wavenumber, whereas the stretching band of tetrahedral Si-O-Si bonds (v2) is shifted to a lower wavenumber. Peak v4, which relates to O-H bonds of hydroxyls linked to octahedral cations, shows a downshift with increasing (Mg2++Fe2+)oct. The band v4 can be mathematically fitted by three bands, two of which strongly correlate with the cation occupancy in the octahedral sheets; i.e., vibrations of hydroxyls linked to triva-lent cations (Fe3+ and Al3+) are mainly represented by a band at ~3560–3573 cm−1, whereas divalent cations (Mg2+ and Fe2+) mainly contribute to a band at ~3538–3540 cm−1. This result is consistent with theoretical considerations for dioctahedral phyllosilicates, which predict for the incorporation of Mg2+ and Fe2+ a weakening/lengthening of O-H bonds in the OH groups, accounting for a downshift of the O-H vibrations. Hence, this is one of the first studies that trace how even subtle chemical modifications in phyllosilicates influence Raman spectral features. The reported findings have implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis, such as during surface exploration on Mars, where compositionally diverse phyllosilicates occur.