bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐Glucosidase produced by Moniliophthora perniciosa: Characterization and application in the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Almeida Larissa Emanuelle da Silva , Ribeiro Geise Camila Araújo , Aparecida de Assis Sandra 
Published: April 2021

Abstractβ‐Glucosidases (BGLs) belong to the group of enzymes of cellulases and act in the last stage of cellulose degradation, releasing glucose molecules, eliminating the inhibitory effect of cellobiose. This study focused on the production, characterization, and application of BGL from Moniliophthora perniciosa in the hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse (3% NaOH + 6% Na2SO3), with varying enzymatic loads and reaction times. The enzyme showed an optimum pH of 4.5 and 60°C. It was stable at all temperatures analyzed (50–90°C) and retained about 100% of its activity at 50°C after 60 min of incubation. Among the ions analyzed, BaCl2 increased BGL activity 9.04 ± 1.41 times. The maximum production of reducing sugars (89.15%) was achieved after 48 h with 10 mg of protein.
Simple, rapidly electroassembled thiolated PEG‐based sensor interfaces enable rapid interrogation of antibody titer and glycosylation
Authors: Motabar Dana , Li Jinyang , Wang Sally , Tsao Chen‐Yu , Tong Xin , Wang Lai‐Xi , Payne Gregory F. , Bentley William E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProcess conditions established during the development and manufacture of recombinant protein therapeutics dramatically impacts their quality and clinical efficacy. Technologies that enable rapid assessment of product quality are critically important. Here, we describe the development of sensor interfaces that directly connect to electronics and enable near real‐time assessment of antibody titer and N‐linked galactosylation. We make use of a spatially resolved electroassembled thiolated polyethylene glycol hydrogel that enables electroactivated disulfide linkages. For titer assessment, we constructed a cysteinylated protein G that can be linked to the thiolated hydrogel allowing for robust capture and assessment of antibody concentration. For detecting galactosylation, the hydrogel is linked with thiolated sugars and their corresponding lectins, which enables antibody capture based on glycan pattern. Importantly, we demonstrate linear assessment of total antibody concentration over an industrially relevant range and the selective capture and quantification of antibodies with terminal β‐galactose glycans. We also show that the interfaces can be reused after surface regeneration using a low pH buffer. Our functionalized interfaces offer advantages in their simplicity, rapid assembly, connectivity to electronics, and reusability. As they assemble directly onto electrodes that also serve as I/O registers, we envision incorporation into diagnostic platforms including those in manufacturing settings.
Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Costunolide‐Induced MCF‐7 Cells Apoptosis by Multi‐Spectroscopy, Molecular Docking and Cell Experiments
Authors: Liu Dan , Zeng Meng , Pi Jing‐Wen , Liu Mei‐Jia , Ding Wei‐Zhe , Mei Xue‐Ying , Liu Jian‐Li , Cao Xiang‐Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common cancer with high morbidity and mortality in women. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of costunolide inducing MCF‐7 cells apoptosis by multi‐spectroscopy, molecular docking, and cell experiments. The results manifested that costunolide interacted with calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) in a spontaneous manner, and the minor groove as the preferential binding mode. Furthermore, costunolide inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that cell apoptosis induced by costunolide might be related to DNA damage. The apoptosis mechanism relied on regulating the protein expression of Bax, Bcl‐2, p53, Caspase‐3 and the activation of p38MAPK and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) pathways. This study will provide some experimental basis and potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
QFR accuracy and Pd/pa:FFR discordance: Too much inside baseball or novel physiologic insight?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: April 2021

Key Points

The accuracy of angiographic fractional flow reserve (FFR) compared with wire‐based FFR remains suboptimal.
This patient‐level meta‐analysis demonstrates that discordance between Pd/Pa and FFR is associated with QFR discordance
Limits to the predictability of FFR include variation in myocardial resistance, myocardial mass, and adenosine responses.
Coronary arterial disease in patients undergoing percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair: Handle with care
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Colopi Marzia 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
Percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip System is a revolutionary treatment option for patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and prohibitive surgical risk.
Coronary arterial disease is a frequent comorbidity in patients with severe MR.
The impact of concomitant coronary artery disease and revascularization on outcome in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair is still an ongoing debate.
PCI for left main bifurcation stenting: A treatment paradigm at a crossroads?
Authors: Farhad Hoshang , Levy Michael S. 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) with Drug‐eluting stents (DES) for significant left main (LM) disease is an accepted therapeutic alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in appropriate patients based on SYNTAX II score stratification.
Conflicting outcome data regarding use of single versus dual‐stent strategies for LM disease exist.
Further prospective randomized data using current generation DES and contemporary PCI techniques will provide more insight into optimal treatment strategies.
Reducing vascular complications of large‐bore sheaths removal with a novel post‐closure technique: Adapt and evolve
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Nai Fovino Luca 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
Vascular complications after structural heart intervention and use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support predominantly result from vascular closure device failure.
This study showed the safety and feasibility of a novel “post‐closing” technique using two Perclose Proglides, based on proximation of the large‐size arteriotomy by pushing two stiff guidewires apart.
Future randomized studies should compare this novel suture‐based vascular closure technique with plug‐based vascular closure devices, such as MANTA.
Bivalirudin versus heparin in PCI: Is the pendulum swinging again in favor of heparin?
Authors: Nicolas Johny , Mehran Roxana 
Published: April 2021

Key Points
The optimal antithrombotic strategy in patients with left main disease (LMD) and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unknown due to the underrepresentation of these high‐risk patients in clinical trials.
Bivalirudin does not seem to offer any additional benefits when compared with heparin, even in high‐risk patients such as those with LMD.
Additional randomized clinical trials are needed to establish the optimal antithrombotic therapy regimen among LMD patients undergoing PCI.
Multivalent Tryptophan‐ and Tyrosine‐Containing [60]Fullerene Hexa‐Adducts as Dual HIV and Enterovirus A71 Entry Inhibitors
Authors: Ruiz‐Santaquiteria Marta , Illescas Beatriz M. , Abdelnabi Rana , Boonen Arnaud , Mills Alberto , Martí‐Marí Olaia , Noppen Sam , Neyts Johan , Schols Dominique , Gago Federico , San‐Félix Ana , Camarasa María‐José , Martín Nazario 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUnprecedented 3D hexa‐adducts of [60]fullerene peripherally decorated with twelve tryptophan (Trp) or tyrosine (Tyr) residues have been synthesized. Studies on the antiviral activity of these novel compounds against HIV and EV71 reveal that they are much more potent against HIV and equally active against EV71 than the previously described dendrimer prototypes AL‐385 and AL‐463, which possess the same number of Trp/Tyr residues on the periphery but attached to a smaller and more flexible pentaerythritol core. These results demonstrate the relevance of the globular 3D presentation of the peripheral groups (Trp/Tyr) as well as the length of the spacer connecting them to the central core to interact with the viral envelopes, particularly in the case of HIV, and support the hypothesis that [60]fullerene can be an alternative and attractive biocompatible carbon‐based scaffold for this type of highly symmetrical dendrimers. In addition, the functionalized fullerenes here described, which display twelve peripheral negatively charged indole moieties on their globular surface, define a new and versatile class of compounds with a promising potential in biomedical applications.
Detecting and filtering rumor in social media using news media event
Authors: Kandasamy Nithya , Murugasamy Krishnamoorthi 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn social media platform, many users post messages to express their interests and preferences daily. Because of its fast and easy access abundant people follow news events and there is a possibility for spreading rumor or fake news. This fake news is unverified at the time of posting. Therefore, it is necessary to detect and remove the fake news before it spread widely. Rumors or fake news are created illegally for the purpose of popularity, hike in their business or financial, and so forth, and these rumors need to be detected as easily as possible. Our proposed rumor detection method compares the social media content with news media and applies the support vector machine (SVM) as binary classification technique. Our experiments results revealed that the proposed method attained considerable improvement when compared to the existing machine learning techniques. The proposed SVM rumor detection approach attained better results of 89% precision, 64% recall, and 85% F‐measure. The experimental results proved that the proposed method will be useful for avoiding social damages caused by rumors in social media.
Performance evaluation for an hourglass‐shaped impedance‐network‐based high step‐up converter in a photovoltaic system using PSIM© simulation
Authors: El Aroudi Abdelali , Zhang Guidong , Al‐Numay Mohammed 
Published: April 2021

SummaryIn this paper, the control design and the performance evaluation of a novel high step‐up converter with an hourglass‐shaped impedance network (HIN) are performed when used as an interface between a photovoltaic (PV) source and a load in a PV system. For optimum energy extraction from the PV source, the PV voltage controller design and optimization to track the maximum power point of the PV system is addressed. The converter offers the possibility of an optimum regulation of the PV voltage with voltage mode control using a simple Type‐III compensation network resulting in a low overshoot, a relatively short settling time, and negligible energy loss after a change of input reference due to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or to irradiance change. To evaluate the performance of the HIN converter when used in a PV system, PSIM©software is used to perform numerical simulations using the switched model under different conditions.
An efficient hash‐based authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks in Internet of Things applications with forward secrecy
Authors: Javad Sadri Mohammad , Rajabzadeh Asaar Maryam 
Published: April 2021

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an influential role in the advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) because the infrastructure of WSNs consists of lots of sensors, which can be used to collect online data by the users or service providers; however, in the process of collecting the data, the users and service providers have to communicate with the sensors through an unprotected channel, so the confidentiality and integrity of the transmitted messages might be threatened by an adversary. Consequently, several authentication protocols have been proposed to provide a secure authentication process for IoT‐based WSNs. In this paper, we analyze Ghani et al.'s protocol and demonstrate that their protocol is vulnerable to user impersonation attack, malicious gateway attack, and traceability attack. Furthermore, it suffers from some design weaknesses. To fix these drawbacks, we propose a new hash‐based authentication protocol for IoT‐based WSNs. We analyze our protocol with both formal and informal methods to show that our protocol is secure against various known attacks such as sensor and user trace, sensor capture, off‐line password guessing, and replay attacks. Finally, we evaluate our protocol in terms of security features and communication and computation costs. The results show that not only the proposed protocol is more secure than other existing protocols but also reduces 60% of the execution time of the user authentication process in comparison with Ghani et al.'s protocol.
Mindfulness and acceptance‐based behavioral treatment for bulimia‐spectrum disorders: A pilot feasibility randomized trial
Authors: Juarascio Adrienne S. , Parker Megan N. , Hunt Rowan , Murray Helen Burton , Presseller Emily K. , Manasse Stephanie M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough existing research supports the efficacy of mindfulness‐ and acceptance‐based treatments (MABTs) for eating disorders (EDs), few studies have directly compared outcomes from MABTs to standard CBT.MethodParticipants (N = 44), treatment‐seeking adults with bulimia‐spectrum EDs, were screened for eligibility, consented, and randomized to receive 20 sessions of outpatient, individual CBT or MABT treatment. Treatment outcomes (binge eating and compensatory behavior episodes, global ED severity, depressive symptoms, quality of life, emotional awareness/clarity, distress tolerance, values‐based decision‐making, and emotion modulation) were measured at pre‐treatment, post‐treatment, and 6‐month follow up. Data on feasibility and acceptability are also presented.ResultsTreatment and assessment retention rates were comparable between MABT and CBT (p range = .51–.73) and between‐group differences on acceptability measures were very small (d range = 0.03–0.19). Both conditions produced notable and generally comparable changes in most treatment outcomes at post‐treatment (within group d range = 0.06–1.77).DiscussionThe MABT and CBT conditions demonstrated comparable degrees of feasibility, acceptability, and symptom improvement, suggesting that MABTs warrant further evaluation as ED treatments.
Variation in the rate of land subsidence induced by groundwater extraction and its effect on the response pattern of soil microbial communities
Authors: Mohseni Neda , Bol Roland 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExcessive extraction of groundwater leads to (irreversible) changes in the physical soil properties, causing land subsidence associated with soil compaction to occur. Using a combined image processing and field approach, we examined: (1) how variation in the land subsidence rate induces different soil compaction degrees; and (2) the response patterns of microbial communities to such variations. By using Sentinel Synthetic Aperture Radar image processing, we selected three locations that exhibited different land subsidence rates, including high (HSR), moderate (MSR), and low (LSR). Then, soil sampling was undertaken within these representative locations. Indicators of soil compaction, including total porosity, air‐filled porosity, water‐filled porosity, and bulk density, were measured. The soil microbial community was determined using qPCR and sequencing. The highest and lowest values for bulk density were observed in the HSR–MSR and LSR zones, respectively. The greatest values of total porosity and macropore volume were displayed in the LSR zone compared to other zones. Bacterial abundance in the LSR zone was significantly greater than that in the HSR and MSR zones. The relative abundances of bacterial taxa indirectly demonstrated that the anaerobic phyla were significantly increased (by 10–13%), and the aerobic phyla decreased (by 30–40%) in the HSR zone compared to the LSR zone. This result demonstrates that the aerobes declined as larger volumes of the soil became more anaerobic. Indeed, the increased abundance of anaerobes was not able to compensate for the larger decrease in the abundance of aerobes. Our work showed that at the increased rates of land subsidence, the abundance distribution of the microbial community critically declined. These findings highlight the critical impacts of increasing the land subsidence rate on the emergence of high soil compaction degrees, which can significantly affect the resilience thresholds of the microbial communities in dryland soils.
Standardization ofhigh‐temperaturespecific heat capacity test parameters offire‐resistantgypsum board
Authors: Feng Yu , Ye Jihong 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe specific heat capacity at the high temperature of fire‐resistant gypsum boards plays a vital role in the simulation accuracy of the thermal response for cold‐formed steel (CFS) composite structures. However, there are not given comprehensive and accurate values in the existing standard for test parameters (including heating rate, sample quality, and sample size) used in the test of the specific heat capacity of gypsum boards. This situation leads to large differences in test results. This paper aimed to provide standardized test parameters for obtaining accurate specific heat capacity curves of gypsum boards. First, the effect of test parameters was quantified by 10 groups of specific heat capacity tests of gypsum boards through the uniform design; Then, the standardized values of test parameters were proposed combined with sample composition analysis and finite element numerical analysis: the heating rate was 12°C/min, the sample mass was 18 mg, the sample particle size was 45 to 48 μm; Finally, the standardized test parameters were verified by comparing with the test results of cold‐formed steel composite floors in the literature. The results show that the specific heat capacity curve of gypsum boards measured by the standardized test parameters proposed to this paper has good accuracy for simulating the time‐temperature curve of cold‐formed steel composite floors. It is conducive to accurately assess the fire resistance of cold‐formed steel composite floors. The test parameter standardization method can also be extended to other building materials. As a result, the specific heat capacity test can follow a basic standard.
Study on development potential of newly added wind power heating in Beijing–Tianjin—Hebei under carbon emission reduction
Authors: Wang Weijun , Qiao Xinna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectric heating is helpful in resolving air pollution, and also utilizes renewable energy power. However, the environmental benefits of electric heating are restrained by regional resources endowment and regional electrical energy structure. In the context of the active promotion of electric heating in Beijing—Tianjin–Hebei, the paper studied the development potential and limits of wind power electric heating under the constraints of environmental effects to provide reference for the orderly development of electric heating. A model to predict the capacity of the installed wind power improved by the fruit fly optimized ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) algorithm and an electric heating environment effect calculation model are constructed. The optimal value and critical value of the newly added heating area in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei are obtained through calculation under four scenarios of wind abandonment rate. As the wind abandonment rate increases from 4–10% (with interval of 2%), the optimal value of the newly added electric heating area in Beijing—Tianjin–Hebei will be 19.15, 29.47, 36.26, and 47.90 million m2 by the year 2030. Additionally, as the utilization rate of thermal power exceeds 41.16%, electric heating will produce more carbon emissions compared to coal‐fired heating. Therefore, if we want to develop electric heating on a large scale, we need to control the proportion of thermal power in the power supply structure and increase the proportion of new energy. This study can be used as theoretical reference to the development programme of electric energy substitution in the future. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of demyelination and neurodegeneration in globoid cell leukodystrophy
Authors: Feltri M. Laura , Weinstock Nadav I. , Favret Jacob , Dhimal Narayan , Wrabetz Lawrence , Shin Daesung 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGloboid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), also known as Krabbe disease, is a lysosomal storage disorder causing extensive demyelination in the central and peripheral nervous systems. GLD is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the lysosomal hydrolase, galactosylceramidase (GALC), which catabolizes the myelin sphingolipid galactosylceramide. The pathophysiology of GLD is complex and reflects the expression of GALC in a number of glial and neural cell types in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS), as well as leukocytes and kidney in the periphery. Over the years, GLD has garnered a wide range of scientific and medical interests, especially as a model system to study gene therapy and novel preclinical therapeutic approaches to treat the spontaneous murine model for GLD. Here, we review recent findings in the field of Krabbe disease, with particular emphasis on novel aspects of GALC physiology, GLD pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.
Nicotine induces morphological and functional changes in astrocytes via nicotinic receptor activity
Authors: Aryal Surya P. , Fu Xu , Sandin Joree N. , Neupane Khaga R. , Lakes Jourdan E. , Grady Martha E. , Richards Christopher I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNicotine is a highly addictive compound present in tobacco, which causes the release of dopamine in different regions of the brain. Recent studies have shown that astrocytes express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and mediate calcium signaling. In this study, we examine the morphological and functional adaptations of astrocytes due to nicotine exposure. Utilizing a combination of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy, we show that nicotine‐treated astrocytes exhibit time‐dependent remodeling in the number and length of both proximal and fine processes. Blocking nAChR activity with an antagonist completely abolishes nicotine's influence on astrocyte morphology indicating that nicotine's action is mediated by these receptors. Functional studies show that 24‐hr nicotine treatment induces higher levels of calcium activity in both the cell soma and the processes with a more substantial change observed in the processes. Nicotine does not induce reactive astrocytosis even at high concentrations (10 μM) as determined by cytokine release and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. We designed tissue clearing experiments to test whether morphological changes occur in vivo using astrocyte specific Aldh1l1‐tdTomato knock in mice. We find that nicotine induces a change in the volume of astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex, CA1 of the hippocampus, and the substantia nigra. These results indicate that nicotine directly alters the functional and morphological properties of astrocytes potentially contributing to the underlying mechanism of nicotine abuse.