bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel 2 images enable reliable prediction of fine‐scale habitat dynamics of narrow endemic plant species in serpentine soils
Authors: Ponce‐Fontenla Sara , Serrano Miguel , Carballal Roi , Regos Adrián 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsSerpentine soils are rare globally, covering <1% of the land surface, but frequently harbouring large numbers of narrow endemic species. Many serpentine areas are endangered and would benefit from actions informed by species distribution models (SDMs). Here, we assessed, for the first time, the potential use of remotely sensed descriptors of water and carbon cycles derived from Copernicus Sentinel 2 images for fine‐scale habitat characterization and mapping of narrow endemic serpentine‐tolerant species.LocationWe focused on three endemic species with a very limited distribution in the Serra de Careón ultramafic outcrop, a regional plant biodiversity hotspot in Spain.MethodsWe developed SDMs based solely on remotely sensed descriptors of plant water content and habitat dynamics estimated from multitemporal Sentinel 2 images.ResultsThe predictive capacity of the models was very high (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) > 0.9, sensitivity > 90 and specificity > 84), even for projections beyond the range of data used for calibration (AUC > 0.8, sensitivity > 77 and specificity > 81). Overall, the suitable habitat areas predicted by the models were similar for all three species (Schoener’s D metric > 0.7). The annual mean and coefficient of variation of the Normalized Difference of Water Index provided a good representation of the hydromorphic soils with serpentine clay minerals and characterized by the formation of temporary pools during winter months. The annual mean and coefficient of variation of the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index were also important predictors owing to their capacity to capture the serpentine habitat conditions, characterized by open vegetation and highly exposed soil.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the potential of ecosystem functioning descriptors derived from spectral Sentinel 2 indices as a cost‐effective means of characterizing the ecological niche of endemic plant species in serpentine habitats and as a promising tool to support their conservation and monitoring.
No significant influence of OCT1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of morphine in adult surgical patients
Authors: Kuhlmann Ida , Hjelmar Petersen Rasmus , Overgaard Morten , Dornonville de la Cour Kenn , Zwisler Stine , Bjerregaard Stage Tore , Hougaard Christensen Mette Marie , Bergmann Troels K. , Damkier Per , Gadegaard Jensen Anders , Nielsen Flemming , Brøsen Kim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigated the impact of genetic variants in OCT1 (SLC22A1) on morphine, morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G) and morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G) pharmacokinetics in adult patients scheduled for major surgery. Blood samples were taken before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min after a bolus of morphine (0.15 mg/kg). Patients were genotyped for the genetic variants (rs12208357, rs34059508, rs72552763 and rs34130495) in OCT1.Eighty‐six patients completed the trial. The mean difference (95% confidence interval) for dose adjusted morphine, M3G and M6G AUC was 0.9 (−0.7–2.4), −5.9 (−11.8 to −0.03) and −1.1 (−2.5–0.4) h/L*10−6, respectively, in patients with two reduced function alleles compared to patients with no reduced function alleles in OCT1. Accordingly, the (AUCM3G/Dose)/(AUCmorphine/Dose) and (AUCM6G/Dose)/(AUCmorphine/Dose) ratio was reduced, −1.8 (−3.2 to −0.4) and −0.4 (−0.7 to −0.03), respectively, when comparing the same groups. OCT1 variants had no influence on the experience of pain, adverse events or the number of PCA doses used. In conclusion, genetic variants in OCT1 had a small and clinically unimportant impact on the exposure of morphine after intravenous administration. Our results do not support pre‐emptive genotyping for OCT1 prior to morphine administration in patients scheduled for major surgery.
Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) recommendations for the management of patients with bipolar disorder with mixed presentations
Authors: Yatham Lakshmi N. , Chakrabarty Trisha , Bond David J. , Schaffer Ayal , Beaulieu Serge , Parikh Sagar V. , McIntyre Roger S. , Milev Roumen V. , Alda Martin , Vazquez Gustavo , Ravindran Arun V. , Frey Benicio N. , Sharma Verinder , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Rej Soham , O’Donovan Claire , Tourjman Valerie , Kozicky Jan‐Marie , Kauer‐Sant’Anna Marcia , Malhi Gin , Suppes Trisha , Vieta Eduard , Kapczinski Flavio , Kanba Shigenobu , Lam Raymond W. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Calabrese Joseph , Berk Michael , Post Robert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe 2018 Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) guidelines provided clinicians with pragmatic treatment recommendations for bipolar disorder (BD). While these guidelines included commentary on how mixed features may direct treatment selection, specific recommendations were not provided—a critical gap which the current update aims to address.MethodOverview of research regarding mixed presentations in BD, with treatment recommendations developed using a modified CANMAT/ISBD rating methodology. Limitations are discussed, including the dearth of high‐quality data and reliance on expert opinion.ResultsNo agents met threshold for first‐line treatment of DSM‐5 manic or depressive episodes with mixed features. For mania + mixed features second‐line treatment options include asenapine, cariprazine, divalproex, and aripiprazole. In depression + mixed features, cariprazine and lurasidone are recommended as second‐line options. For DSM‐IV defined mixed episodes, with a longer history of research, asenapine and aripiprazole are first‐line, and olanzapine (monotherapy or combination), carbamazepine, and divalproex are second‐line. Research on maintenance treatments following a DSM‐5 mixed presentation is extremely limited, with third‐line recommendations based on expert opinion. For maintenance treatment following a DSM‐IV mixed episode, quetiapine (monotherapy or combination) is first‐line, and lithium and olanzapine identified as second‐line options.ConclusionThe CANMAT and ISBD groups hope these guidelines provide valuable support for clinicians providing care to patients experiencing mixed presentations, as well as further influence investment in research to improve diagnosis and treatment of this common and complex clinical state.
Can prolife theorists justify an exception for rape?
Authors: Blackshaw Bruce P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProlife theorists typically hold to the claim that all human beings possess equal moral status from conception and consequently possess a right to life. This, they believe, entails that abortion is impermissible in all circumstances. Critics characterize this as an extreme anti‐abortion position, as it prima facie allows no exceptions, even in cases of rape. Here, I examine whether the prolife claim regarding equal moral status is compatible with a more attractive moderate stance that permits an exception in the case of rape. I show that Judith Jarvis Thomson's analysis of rights can be used to modify the prolife position in this way, but that doing so involves concessions that prolife theorists are unlikely to find acceptable.
How competitors become collaborators—Bridging the gap(s) between machine learning algorithms and clinicians
Authors: Grote Thomas , Berens Philipp 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor some years, we have been witnessing a steady stream of high‐profile studies about machine learning (ML) algorithms achieving high diagnostic accuracy in the analysis of medical images. That said, facilitating successful collaboration between ML algorithms and clinicians proves to be a recalcitrant problem that may exacerbate ethical problems in clinical medicine. In this paper, we consider different epistemic and normative factors that may lead to algorithmic overreliance within clinical decision‐making. These factors are false expectations, the miscalibration of uncertainties, non‐explainability, and the socio‐technical context within which the algorithms are utilized. Moreover, we identify different desiderata for bridging the gap between ML algorithms and clinicians. Further, we argue that there is an intriguing dialectic in the collaboration between clinicians and ML algorithms. While it is the algorithm that is supposed to assist the clinician in diagnostic tasks, successful collaboration will also depend on adjustments on the side of the clinician.
COVID‐19 as the tipping point for integrating e‐assessment in higher education practices
Authors: St‐Onge Christina , Ouellet Kathleen , Lakhal Sawsen , Dubé Tim , Marceau Mélanie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic provoked an urgency for many educators to integrate digital information and communication technologies in their educational practices. We explored how faculty members tackled the task of adapting their assessment practices during the pandemic to identify what is required to sustain and favour future quality development and implementation of e‐assessment in higher education. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with thirty‐one individuals six months into the COVID‐19 pandemic. We identified four major themes in participants' discourse about the integration of e‐assessment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: (a) the considerations they had for the potential consequences on students and how they considered this while deciding how to move forward, (b) the preoccupations for the potential for cheating, (c) the importance of pedagogical alignment, and (d) the affordances available to them. While the COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the fact that higher education institutions were not prepared for a pivot to‐ or greater integration of‐ e‐assessment, it also provided the tipping‐point to do so. In other words, it offered an unprecedented opportunity to critically appraise and change assessment practices, this opportunity was also a very challenging balancing act of considering the social consequences of assessment, and the alignment within set affordances.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

The advantages of e‐assessment include the opportunity for rapid‐, even immediate‐, feedback.

The integration of digital information and communication technologies to assessment practices is a source of stress and anxiety for some students.

The move towards e‐assessment increases faculty members' workload.

What this paper adds

How cheating, anxiety and workload were considered in the context of a forced and rushed change to e‐assessment because of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

The COVID‐19 pandemic offered an opportunity to faculty members to take a critical look at their assessment practices and increase their alignment with learning outcomes.

Faculty members considered the consequences of their decisions on students when making changes to their assessment.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Moving to e‐assessment is an opportunity to align the assessment practice with students' future professional practice, or in other words it is an opportunity to increase the authenticity of the assessment.

A better integration of information and communication technology to assessment practices will require to provide educators with skills, time, evidence‐informed recommendations, and institutional support among others.
Impact of donor telomere length on survival in patients undergoing matched sibling donor transplantation for aplastic anaemia
Authors: Barade Aruna , Aboobacker Fouzia , Korula Anu , Lakshmi Kavitha , Devasia Anup , Abraham Aby , Mathews Vikram , Edison Eunice , George Biju 
Published: October 2021

SummaryAlthough telomere shortening is seen frequently in patients with aplastic anaemia (AA), there are no data on its association in matched sibling donor (MSD) transplants. We evaluated the effect of pre‐transplant telomere length of patients and donors, measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in 163 recipients undergoing MSD transplants. The median age of patients and donors was 24 and 26 years, respectively. Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide was the main conditioning regimen used and all received peripheral blood stem cell grafts. Engraftment occurred in 89% with graft failure (primary and secondary) in 6%. Acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) occurred in 28% and 24%, respectively. At a median follow‐up of 37 months, 117 patients (72%) were alive. All patients and donors were divided into short and long telomere length based on their median and quartile values. Patient telomere length was not associated with severity of AA, neutrophil recovery, graft failure, acute GVHD or chronic GVHD. Longer donor telomere length was associated with better overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 0·2, P = 0·006] but did not influence neutrophil recovery, graft failure, acute or chronic GVHD. The five‐year overall survival was significantly better (94·9 ± 3·5% vs 65·4 ± 4·3%, P = 0·002) for donors with long (highest quartile, DTL‐HQ) versus short (lower three quartiles, DTL‐LQ) telomeres, respectively. On multivariate analysis, longer donor telomere length, recipient age and acute GVHD continued to remain significant. This is the first study demonstrating an association of donor telomere length on overall survival following MSD transplant for AA but it needs to be confirmed in larger studies.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) promotes dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis by inhibiting the SOCS3 promoter via histone H3R8 asymmetric dimethylation
Authors: Li Jiahong , Pan Xiaohua , Ren Zhengnan , Li Binbin , Liu He , Wu Chengfei , Dong Xiaoliang , de Vos Paul , Pan Li‐Long , Sun Jia 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposeThere is emerging evidence for a critical role for epigenetic modifiers in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) is responsible for the methylation of arginine residues on histones and targets transcription factors involved in many cellular processes, including gene transcription, mRNA splicing, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. In this study, the role and underlying mechanisms of PRMT2 in colitis were studied.Experimental ApproachA mouse dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced experimental colitis model was used to study PRMT2 in colitis. Lentivirus‐induced PRMT2 silencing or overexpression in vivo was applied to address the role of PRMT2 in colitis. Detailed western blot and expression analysis were done to understand epigenetic changes induced by PRMT2 in colitis.Key ResultsPRMT2 is highly expressed in inflammatory bowel disease patients, in inflamed murine colon and in TNF‐α stimulated murine gut epithelial cells. PRMT2 overexpression aggravates, while knockdown alleviates DSS‐induced colitis, suggesting that PRMT2 is a pivotal mediator of colitis in mice. Mechanistically, PRMT2 mediates colitis by increasing repressive histone mark H3R8 asymmetric methylation (H3R8me2a) at the promoter region of the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 promoter (SOCS3). Resultant inhibition of SOCS3 expression and inhibition of SOCS3‐mediated degradation of TNF receptor associated factor 5 (TRAF5) via ubiquitination led to elevated TRAF5 expression and TRAF5‐mediated downstream NF‐κB/MAPK activation.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur study demonstrates that PRMT2 acts as a transcriptional co‐activator for proinflammatory genes during colitis. Hence, targeting PRMT2 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for colitis.
Established pulmonary hypertension in rats was reversed by a combination of a HIF‐2α antagonist and a p53 agonist
Authors: Zheng Qiuyu , Lu Wenju , Yan Han , Duan Xin , Chen Yuqin , Zhang Chenting , Luo Xiaoyun , Chen Jiyuan , Wang Chao , Liu Shiyun , Li Yi , Tang Haiyang , Rahimi Shamin , Rahimi Shayan , Yuan Jason X.‐J. , Zhong Nanshan , Yang Kai , Wang Jian 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposeRecent studies reported therapeutic effects of monotherapy with either tumour suppressor p53 (p53) agonist or hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α (HIF‐2α) antagonist for pulmonary hypertension (PH). This study investigated whether a combined treatment of p53 agonist, Nutlin3a, and HIF‐2α antagonist, PT2385, would be more effective than monotherapy, based on the cell type‐divergent regulation of p53 in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) in patients and animals with PH.Experimental ApproachThe SU5416/hypoxia‐induced PH (SuHx‐PH) rat model was used, along with cultured human PASMC and PAEC. Western blot, RT‐PCR, siRNA and immunohistochemical methods were used along with echocardiography and studies with isolated pulmonary arteries.Key ResultsHypoxia‐induced proliferation of PASMC is associated with decreased p53, whereas hypoxia‐induced PAEC apoptosis is associated with increased p53, via a HIF‐2α‐dependent mechanism. Combined treatment with Nutlin3a and PT2385 is more effective by simultaneously inhibiting the hypoxia‐induced PASMC proliferation and PAEC apoptosis, overcoming the side‐effects of monotherapy. These are (i) Nutlin3a exacerbates hypoxia‐induced PAEC apoptosis by inducing p53 in PAEC and (ii) PT2385 inhibits PAEC apoptosis because HIF‐2α is predominantly expressed in PAEC but lacks direct effects on the hypoxia‐induced PASMC proliferation. In rats, combination treatment is more effective than monotherapy in reversing established SuHx‐PH, especially in protecting pulmonary arterial vasculature, by normalizing smooth muscle thickening, protecting against endothelial damage and improving function.Conclusion and ImplicationsCombination treatment confers greater therapeutic efficacy against PH through a selective modulation of p53 and HIF‐2α in PASMC and PAEC.
The selective 5‐HT1F receptor agonist lasmiditan inhibits trigeminal nociceptive processing: Implications for migraine and cluster headache
Authors: Vila‐Pueyo Marta , Page Keith , Murdock Paul R. , Loraine Howard J. , Woodrooffe Amanda J. , Johnson Kirk W. , Goadsby Peter J. , Holland Philip R. 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposeLasmiditan is a novel selective 5‐HT1F receptor agonist, recently approved for acute treatment of migraine. 5‐HT1F receptors are widely expressed in the CNS and trigeminovascular system. Here, we have explored the therapeutic effects of 5‐HT1F receptor activation in preclinical models of migraine and cluster headache.Experimental ApproachElectrical stimulation of the dura mater or the superior salivatory nucleus in anaesthetised rats evoked trigeminovascular or trigeminal–autonomic reflex activation at the level of the trigeminocervical complex. Additionally, cranial autonomic manifestations in response to trigeminal–autonomic reflex activation were measured, via anterior choroidal blood flow alterations. These responses were then challenged with lasmiditan. We explored the tissue distribution of mRNA for 5‐HT1F receptors in human post‐mortem tissue and of several 5‐HT1 receptor subtypes in specific tissue beds.Key ResultsLasmiditan dose‐dependently reduced trigeminovascular activation in a preclinical model of migraine. Lasmiditan also reduced superior salivatory nucleus‐evoked activation of the trigeminal–autonomic reflex, but had no effect on cranial autonomic activation. mRNA profiling in human tissue showed expression of the 5‐HT1F receptor in several structures relevant for migraine and cluster headache.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur data suggest that lasmiditan acts, at least in part, as an anti‐migraine agent by reducing trigeminovascular activation. Furthermore, our results highlight a clear action for lasmiditan in a preclinical model of cluster headache. Given the proven translational efficacy of this model, our data support the potential utility of lasmiditan as a therapeutic option for the acute treatment of cluster headache attacks.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc
Ending the silo effect: A test of the relational domain spillover model
Authors: Manvelian Atina , Fivecoat Hayley , Milek Anne , Lawrence Erika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCouple interventions are limited in their effectiveness for reducing marital distress and dissolution. One explanation for this may be the narrow focus on conflict management and a limited understanding of how other domains in marriage influence one another over time. We present the first test of the relational domain spillover model (RDSM) to understand the extent to which poor functioning in either positive or negative areas of the relationship spill over into other aspects of relationship functioning across time. Husbands and wives reported annually on the quality of five relationship domains (emotional intimacy, sex, support, power/control, and conflict) over the first seven years of marriage. Longitudinal dyadic multilevel modeling techniques were used to examine how domains change over time and how earlier declines in positive areas of couple functioning predict later problems in negative areas of couple functioning and vice versa. We found support for both directions of the RDSM model. Earlier declines in sexuality and support predicted later declines in conflict, and, for wives, earlier declines in couple sexuality were linked to later control issues. Earlier declines in conflict communication and control predicted later problems with emotional intimacy. For men, longitudinal associations between sexuality and conflict, and control, were bidirectional. These findings point to the need to move toward a multi‐dimensional, dynamic conceptualization of relationship functioning across time and the importance of focusing on different relational domains as targets for couple interventions.
Monitored Natural Attenuation to Manage PFAS Impacts to Groundwater: Scientific Basis
Authors: Newell Charles J. , Adamson David T. , Kulkarni Poonam R. , Nzeribe Blossom N. , Connor John A. , Popovic Jovan , Stroo Hans F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSites impacted by per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant challenges to investigation and remediation, including very low cleanup objectives, limited information on natural PFAS degradation processes in the subsurface, and the apparent mobility and persistence of PFAS. Consequently, monitored natural attenuation (MNA) may be considered less applicable to PFAS compared to biodegradable classes of chemicals such as petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents that can completely biodegrade to innocuous end products. However, MNA has proven effective for certain non‐degrading metals, metalloids, and radionuclides (e.g., chromium, arsenic, and uranium). To assess the applicability of MNA to PFAS, this paper reviews the fate and transport properties of PFAS in conjunction with the various physiochemical factors that control the subsurface movement of chemicals. This analysis demonstrates that two important retention processes: (1) chemical retention in the form of PFAS precursors, and (2) geochemical retention in the form of sorption and matrix diffusion to mitigate the movement and potential impacts of PFAS in groundwater that may form the scientific basis for applying MNA to PFAS contamination. This paper describes the scientific and regulatory basis for using MNA to manage PFAS‐impacted groundwater.