bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance quality correlates with surgical site infection rates in knee and hip arthroplasty and colorectal surgeries: A call to action to adjust reporting of SSI rates
Authors: Atkinson Andrew , Eisenring Marie-Christine , Troillet Nicolas , Kuster Stefan P. , Widmer Andreas , Zwahlen Marcel , Marschall Jonas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:The incidence of surgical site infections may be underreported if the data are not routinely validated for accuracy. Our goal was to investigate the communicated SSI rate from a large network of Swiss hospitals compared with the results from on-site surveillance quality audits.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Patients:In total, 81,957 knee and hip prosthetic arthroplasties from 125 hospitals and 33,315 colorectal surgeries from 110 hospitals were included in the study.Methods:Hospitals had at least 2 external audits to assess the surveillance quality. The 50-point standardized score per audit summarizes quantitative and qualitative information from both structured interviews and a random selection of patient records. We calculated the mean National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) risk index adjusted infection rates in both surgery groups.Results:The median NHSN adjusted infection rate per hospital was 1.0% (interquartile range [IQR], 0.6%–1.5%) with median audit score of 37 (IQR, 33–42) for knee and hip arthroplasty, and 12.7% (IQR, 9.0%–16.6%), with median audit score 38 (IQR, 35–42) for colorectal surgeries. We observed a wide range of SSI rates and surveillance quality, with discernible clustering for public and private hospitals, and both lower infection rates and audit scores for private hospitals. Infection rates increased with audit scores for knee and hip arthroplasty (P value for the slope = .002), and this was also the case for planned (P = .002), and unplanned (P = .02) colorectal surgeries.Conclusions:Surveillance systems without routine evaluation of validity may underestimate the true incidence of SSIs. Audit quality should be taken into account when interpreting SSI rates, perhaps by adjusting infection rates for those hospitals with lower audit scores.
A low-carbohydrate dietary pattern characterised by high animal fat and protein during the first trimester is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Dong Hongli , Sun Hong , Cai Congjie , Pang Xinxin , Bai Dan , Lan Xi , Zhang Yiqi , Zhang Ju , Zeng Guo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe aimed to examine the association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) scores during the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in a Chinese population. A total of 1455 women were included in 2017. Dietary information during the first trimester was collected by 24-h dietary recalls for 3 d. The overall, animal and plant LCD scores, which indicated adherence to different low-carbohydrate dietary patterns, were calculated. GDM was diagnosed based on the results of a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks gestation. Log-binomial models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI. The results showed that the multivariable-adjusted RR of GDM from the lowest to the highest quartiles of the overall LCD score were 1·00 (reference), 1·15 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·42), 1·30 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·60) and 1·24 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·52) (P= 0·026 for trend). Multivariable-adjusted RR (95 % CI) of GDM from the lowest to the highest quartiles of the animal LCD score were 1·00 (reference), 1·20 (95 % CI 0·96, 1·50), 1·41 (95 % CI 1·14, 1·73) and 1·29 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·59) (P= 0·002 for trend). After additional adjustment for gestational weight gain before GDM diagnosis, the association of the overall LCD score with GDM risk was non-significant, while the association of animal LCD score with GDM risk remained significant. In conclusion, a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern characterised by high animal fat and protein during the first trimester is associated with an increased risk of GDM in Chinese women.
Ediacaran algal cysts from the Doushantuo Formation, South China
Authors: Moczydłowska Małgorzata , Liu Pengju 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEarly-middle Ediacaran organic-walled microfossils from the Doushantuo Formation studied in several sections in the Yangtze Gorges area, South China, show ornamented cyst-like vesicles of very high diversity. These microfossils are diagenetically permineralized and observed in petrographic thin-sections of chert nodules. Exquisitely preserved specimens belonging to seven species of Appendisphaera, Mengeosphaera, Tanarium, Urasphaera and Tianzhushania contain either single or multiple spheroidal internal bodies inside the vesicles. These structures indicate reproductive stages, endocyst and dividing cells, respectively, and are preserved at early to late ontogenetic stages in the same taxa. This new evidence supports the algal affiliations for the studied taxa and refutes previous suggestions of Tianzhushania being animal embryo or holozoan. The first record of a late developmental stage of a completely preserved specimen of T. spinosa observed in thin-section demonstrates the interior of vesicles with clusters of identical cells but without any cavity that is diagnostic for recognizing algal cysts vs animal diapause cysts. Various lines of evidence to infer biological affinities of these microfossils – morphology, reproductive characters, spatial arrangement of cells, and biochemical properties of the vesicle wall – are collectively characteristic of algal clades. Recognizing the biological affinities of these microfossils is key to understanding whether animals capable of producing such morphologically complex diapause cysts had an early Ediacaran fossil record (633–610 Ma), or the microfossils were non-animal holozoans or algae as argued herein for Tianzhushania spinosa and other studied microfossils.
Peritonsillar abscess drainage: using oropharyngeal endoscopy as a therapeutic adjunct and training tool
Authors: Sawhney A , Bidaye R , Khanna A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeritonsillar abscess, or quinsy, is one of the most common emergency presentations to ENT departments, and is the most common deep tissue infection of the head and neck. In the UK, junior members of the ENT team are regularly required to independently assess, diagnose and treat patients with peritonsillar aspiration or incision and drainage.IssueInexperienced practitioners can stumble at several obstacles: poor access due to trismus; poor lighting; difficulty in learning the therapeutic procedure; and difficulty in accurately documenting findings and treatment.SolutionTo counter these and other difficulties, the authors describe the routine use of video endoscopy as a training tool and therapeutic adjunct in the management of quinsy.
Perverse Reasons
Authors: Orsi Francesco 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFor an agent to be motivated by a normatively perverse reason is to be motivated by a normative or evaluative thought as such which, if true, would count as such against the action that it motivates the agent to perform, or against the attitude that it motivates the agent to take. For example, that an action is morally wrong or prudentially bad counts, as such, against performing the action. When the thought that an action is morally wrong or prudentially bad (bad for me) motivates me as such to perform the action, my motivating reason is normatively perverse. If being motivated by normatively perverse reasons is possible, then what, if anything, is wrong about it? I present and reject some accounts of what may be wrong about normative perversity (wrong reasons, malfunctioning attitudes, practical irrationality, instability, evaluative ignorance). In the course of this discussion some desiderata emerge. Then I defend the suggestion that normative perversion is socially undesirable, in that it undermines certain valuable interpersonal and intrapersonal relations. Entering and maintaining these relations is constitutive of valuing people as beings to whom reasonable justification is owed. I show how this account satisfies the desiderata.
Leveraging individual differences to understand grounded procedures
Authors: Fetterman Adam K. , Robinson Michael D. , Meier Brian P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We applaud the goals and execution of the target article, but note that individual differences do not receive much attention. This is a shortcoming because individual differences can play a vital role in theory testing. In our commentary, we describe programs of research of this type and also apply similar thinking to the mechanisms proposed in the target article.
Body ownership as a proxy for individual and social separation and connection
Authors: Scattolin Marina , Panasiti Maria Serena , Aglioti Salvatore Maria 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lee and Schwartz procedures of separation offer a much needed interpretation of the literature on moral cleansing. However, body ownership as a grounded mechanism of separation and connection has been neglected. We argue that embodiment may be employed to connect the self to desirable aspects of cognitive and emotional interactions and disembodiment to disconnect from undesirable elements.
A not-so proximate account of cleansing behavior
Authors: Sigger Jonathan , Dickins Thomas E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this commentary we outline perceptual control theory and suggest this as a fruitful way for Lee and Schwarz (L&S) to fully embody their account of cleansing behavior. Moreover, we take issue with the command control approach that L&S have taken seeing this as an unnecessary cognitive commitment within an embodied model of cleansing behavior.
A multiple perspective view of personhood in dementia
Authors: Hennelly Niamh , O'Shea Eamon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPersonhood has been a key influence on the development of person-centred care models in dementia. However, there is ambiguity around the concept and interpretation of personhood, and what it means in practical terms for the delivery of care to people with dementia. This study examines the conceptualisation of personhood within the formal care system for people with dementia in Ireland. A multiple perspective study design examines the experiences of personhood in dementia from the perspectives of people with dementia, family carers and a range of formal carers. Semi-structured interviews with participants were conducted in both community and long-term care settings. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to examine the data. A total of 31 participants were interviewed: eight people with dementia, eight family carers and 15 formal carers. There is general consensus on the core elements of personhood among all participants: interests and preferences; lifecourse experiences; social interaction; family; and place. However, there is ambiguity among family carers and formal carers in the interpretation of changes to personhood as the disease progresses. Interpersonal and structural barriers to supporting personhood are identified by all participants. The findings provide guidance on the traits of personhood-enhancing care, including effective communication skills, and the potential of health and social care reform to support the core elements of personhood among people with dementia.
Estimating seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using three self-reported symptoms: development of a prediction model based on data from Ischgl, Austria
Authors: Lehmann Jens , Giesinger Johannes M. , Rumpold Gerhard , Borena Wegene , Knabl Ludwig , Falkensammer Barbara , Ower Cornelia , Sacher Magdalena , von Laer Dorothee , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara , Holzner Bernhard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report the development of a regression model to predict the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies on a population level based on self-reported symptoms. We assessed participant-reported symptoms in the past 12 weeks, as well as the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during a study conducted in April 2020 in Ischgl, Austria. We conducted multivariate binary logistic regression to predict seroprevalence in the sample. Participants (n = 451) were on average 47.4 years old (s.d. 16.8) and 52.5% female. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found in n = 197 (43.7%) participants. In the multivariate analysis, three significant predictors were included and the odds ratios (OR) for the most predictive categories were cough (OR 3.34, CI 1.70–6.58), gustatory/olfactory alterations (OR 13.78, CI 5.90–32.17) and limb pain (OR 2.55, CI 1.20–6.50). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.773 (95% CI 0.727–0.820). Our regression model may be used to estimate the seroprevalence on a population level and a web application is being developed to facilitate the use of the model.
The immediate haemodynamic response and right and left cardiac remodelling after percutaneous transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect in children: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sezer Sadettin , Özyurt Abdullah , Narin Nazmi , Pamukcu Özge , Sunkak Süleyman , Argun Mustafa , Baykan Ali , Üzüm Kazım 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:We aimed to assess the immediate haemodynamic response and the timing of cardiac remodelling in paediatric secundum atrial septal defect patients who underwent percutaneous transcatheter closure.Methods:In this longitudinal cohort study with 41 paediatric secundum ASD patients who underwent PTC with Amplatzer Occluder device were assessed for immediate post-interventional haemodynamic response measured by catheterisation and was evaluated for right and left cardiac remodelling during a follow-up period of 12 months by transthoracic echocardiography. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analyses of pre- and post-interventional invasive haemodynamic parameters of the patients, and pre- and post-interventional TTE data compared with the values of the control group consisted of 39 healthy children.Results:The mean diameter of ASD was 13.9 ± 4.7 mm. PTC intervention in all patients completed with 100% success and 0% complication rates. All invasive haemodynamic data, except the ratio of pulmonary resistance to systemic resistance, significantly reduced after PTC (p < 0.05). TTE and PW Doppler revealed that right and left cardiac remodelling started as soon as the post-interventional 24th hour and completed in the 12th month.Conclusions:This study with a very high interventional success rate can be counted as the first example of research on the haemodynamic response and timing of cardiac remodelling after PTC of secundum ASD in children. We suggest that future multicentric studies with larger cohorts and a comprehensive methodology like ours with longer follow-up periods would better serve to further assess the cardiac remodelling in children after PTC of secundum ASD.
A 1.5–40 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave radar receiver front-end
Authors: Sakalas Mantas , Joram Niko , Ellinger Frank 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study presents an ultra-wideband receiver front-end, designed for a reconfigurable frequency modulated continuous wave radar in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A variety of innovative circuit components and design techniques were employed to achieve the ultra-wide bandwidth, low noise figure (NF), good linearity, and circuit ruggedness to high input power levels. The designed front-end is capable of achieving 1.5–40 GHz bandwidth, 30 dB conversion gain, a double sideband NF of 6–10.7 dB, input return loss better than 7.5 dB and an input referred 1 dB compression point of −23 dBm. The front-end withstands continuous wave power levels of at least 25 and 20 dBm at low band and high band inputs respectively. At 3 V supply voltage, the DC power consumption amounts to 302 mW when the low band is active and 352 mW for the high band case, whereas the total IC size is $3.08\, {\rm nm{^2}}$.
The role of ageing in the wish to be dead: disentangling age, period and cohort effects in suicide ideation in European population
Authors: Cabello M. , Rico-Uribe L. A. , Martinez-Ávila J. C. , Sánchez-Niubò A. , Caballero F. F. , Borges G. , Mellor-Marsá B. , Haro J. M. , Prina M. , Koskinen S. , Ayuso-Mateos J. L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate potential age, period and birth cohort effects in the prevalence of suicide ideation in European ageing population.MethodsA total of 50 782 community-dwelling adults (aged + 50) from 20 different European countries were collected in the Survey Health Ageing and Retirement study. A multilevel logistic regression model of repeated measures was modelled to assess the effects of age and other variables, including the variability of observations over three levels: birth cohort groups, time period assessment and individual differences.ResultsThe larger effect of variability was attributed to individual-level factors (57.8%). Youngest-old people (65–79 years) showed lower suicide ideation than middle-aged people (50–64 years). No significative differences were found for suicide ideation between middle-aged people and oldest-old (80 + years). Only 0.85% and 0.13% of the total variability of suicide ideation accounted for birth cohort and period effects, respectively. Cohorts born between 1941 and 1944 possessed the lowest estimates of suicide ideation. Conversely, suicide ideation started to rise with post-War generations and reached a significant level for people born from 1953–1957 to 1961–1964. Regarding the time period, participants assessed in 2006–2007 showed a lower likelihood of suicide ideation. The rest of the cohorts and period groups did not show any significant effect on the prevalence of suicide ideation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that age and suicide ideation relationship is not linear in middle and older age. The European Baby boomers born from 50s to mid-60s might report higher suicide ideation than their ancestors. This scenario would imply a greater need for mental healthcare services for older people in the future.
An Exactly Mass Conserving and Pointwise Divergence Free Velocity Method: Application to Compositional Buoyancy Driven Flow Problems in Geodynamics
Authors: Sime Nathan , Maljaars Jakob M. , Wilson Cian R. , van Keken Peter E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTracer methods are widespread in computational geodynamics for modeling the advection of chemical data. However, they present certain numerical challenges, especially when used over long periods of simulation time. We address two of these in this work: the necessity for mass conservation of chemical composition fields and the need for the velocity field to be pointwise divergence free to avoid gaps in tracer coverage. We do this by implementing the hybrid discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) finite element (FE) method combined with a mass conserving constrained projection of the tracer data. To demonstrate the efficacy of this system, we compare it to other common FE formulations of the Stokes system and projections of the chemical composition. We provide a reference of the numerical properties and error convergence rates which should be observed by using these various discretization schemes. This serves as a tool for verification of existing or new implementations. We summarize these data in a reproduction of a published Rayleigh‐Taylor instability benchmark, demonstrating the importance of careful choices of appropriate and compatible discretization methods for all aspects of geodynamics simulations.
The First Observation of N+ Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves
Authors: Bashir M. Fraz , Ilie Raluca 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObservations from past space missions report on the significant abundance of N+, in addition to those of O+, outflowing from the terrestrial ionosphere and populating the near‐Earth region. However, instruments on board current space missions lack the mass resolution to distinguish between the two, and often the role of N+ in regulating the magnetosphere dynamics, is lumped together with that of O+ ions. For instance, our understanding regarding the role of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in controlling the loss and acceleration of radiation belt electrons and ring current ions has been based on the contribution of He+ and O+ ions only. We report the first observations by Van Allen Probes of linearly polarized N+ EMIC waves, which confirm the presence of N+ in the terrestrial magnetosphere, and open up new avenues to particle energization, loss, and transport mechanisms, based on the altered magnetospheric plasma composition.
The Interplay Between Ambipolar Electric Field and Coulomb Collisions in the Solar Wind Acceleration Region
Authors: Berčič L. , Landi S. , Maksimović M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe solar wind protons are accelerated to supersonic velocities within the distance of 10 solar radii from the Sun, as a consequence of a complex physical mechanism including particle kinetic effects as well as the field‐particle energy and momentum exchange. We use a numerical kinetic model of the solar wind, accounting for Coulomb collisions (BiCoP), and model a solar wind accelerated only by the ambipolar electrostatic filed (E) arising due to the difference in mass between electron and proton, and assuring quasi‐neutrality and zero current. We study the effect E, which was found to be on the order of Dreicer electric field (ED) (Dreicer, 1959), has on the resulting electron velocity distribution functions. The strahl electron radial evolution is represented by means of its pitch‐angle width (PAW), and the strahl parallel temperature (Ts,‖). A continuous transition between collisional and weakly collisional regime results in broader PAW, compared to the single‐exobase prediction imposed by the exospheric models. Collisions were found to scatter strahl electrons below 250 eV, which in turn has an effect on the measured Ts,‖. A slight increase was found in Ts,‖ with radial distance, and was stronger for the more collisional run. We estimate that the coronal electron temperature inferred from the observations of Ts,‖ in the solar wind, would be overestimated for between 8% and 15%.
Birkeland Current Boundary Flows Associated With Field Line Resonances
Authors: Fenrich F. R. , Rankin R. , Sydorenko D. , Archer W. E. , Knudsen D. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStrong zonal flows greater than 1,000 m/s have recently been identified by Swarm in the midnight sector of the winter hemisphere auroral zone. These flows are typically observed between upward and downward field aligned current pairs and therefore are referred to as Birkeland current boundary flows (BCBFs). The Swarm observations also identify ion heating and upflows associated with the fast zonal flows. BCBFs and the resulting ion heating and upflows play an important role in thermosphere‐ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling given their high occurrence rate in the quiet time nightside auroral zone. This paper utilizes Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high‐resolution fits to line‐of‐sight data to investigate two known BCBF events. The large (>2,000 m/s) BCBFs observed with Swarm A and B are found to be collocated with the location of field line resonances (FLRs) with periods of approximately 20–30 min. The SuperDARN high‐resolution fits determine FLR peak flow velocities of 400–700 m/s. When the FLR velocities are superimposed upon the background ionospheric convection of 400–600 m/s, this yields total east‐west velocities of 800–1,300 m/s near the time and location of the BCBF events. The peak flows of the field line resonances are shown to be bounded by pairs of upward and downward field aligned current similar to the BCBFs. The observations suggest a causal relationship between BCBFs and FLRs.