bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summer monsoon over northeastern India during the last millennium
Authors: Ashok Karumuri , Soraisam Bidyabati , Tejavath Charan Teja , Cubasch Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnalysing three high resolution coupled model simulations for the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA) regimes, available as the last millennium simulations of the PMIP3, we find that Northeastern Indian summer monsoon rainfall (NEISMR) did not change appreciably from the MCA to the LIA. This is in contrast to the signals in the rest of the Indian region. Our results from all the models suggest that, during the MCA, the simulated 100‐hPa tropical easterly jet (TEJ) becomes relatively more intense than that during LIA, due to a stronger Tibetan High. This strengthening of the TEJ results in an associated increase in relative vorticity at the 500 hPa over the Head Bay of Bengal and neighbouring east coast of the Bay of Bengal. This results in higher moisture availability and increased summer monsoon rainfall in the neighbourhood, including the central Indian region, during the MCA. However, the simulations do not show any such changes over northeastern India, indicating a relatively stable simulated NEISMR from MCA through LIA. Furthermore, just as the current day observations, the simulated correlations between the NEISMR with various concurrent ENSO indices are weak and statistically insignificant during the MCA and LIA regimes. Interestingly, an analysis of time‐slice simulations for the MCA and LIA from an atmospheric general circulation model broadly agree with the above conclusions, indicating that the tropical ocean and atmospheric coupling may not have played a major role in the northeast climate.
Comparison between movement pattern training and strengthening on muscle volume, muscle fat, and strength in patients with hip‐related groin pain: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Koch Kristen , Semciw Adam I. , Commean Paul K. , Hillen Travis J. , Fitzgerald G. Kelley , Clohisy John C. , Harris‐Hayes Marcie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory analysis was to compare the impact of movement pattern training (MoveTrain) and standard strength and flexibility training (Standard) on muscle volume, strength and fatty infiltration in patients with hip‐related groin pain (HRGP). We completed a secondary analysis of data collected during an assessor‐blinded randomized control trial. Data were used from 27 patients with HRGP, 15–40 years, who were randomized into MoveTrain or Standard groups. Both groups participated in their training protocol (MoveTrain, n = 14 or Standard, n = 13) which included 10 supervised sessions over 12 weeks and a daily home exercise program. Outcome measures were collected at baseline and immediately after treatment. Magnetic resonance images data were used to determine muscle fat index (MFI) and muscle volume. A hand‐held dynamometer was used to assess isometric hip abductor and extensor strength. The Standard group demonstrated a significant posttreatment increase in gluteus medius muscle volume compared to the MoveTrain group. Both groups demonstrated an increase in hip abductor strength and reduction in gluteus minimus and gluteus maximus MFI. The magnitude of change for all outcomes were modest.Statement of Clinical Significance: Movement pattern training or a program of strength/flexibility training may be effective at improving hipabductor strength and reducing fatty infiltration in the gluteal musculature among those with HRGP. Further research is needed to betterunderstand etiology of strength changes and impact of muscle volume and MFI in HRGP and the effect of exercise on muscle structure andfunction.
IVC filter placement in patients undergoing surgical treatment of bone or soft‐tissue tumors
Authors: Lelkes Valdis , Ippolito Joseph , Thomson Jennifer , Beebe Kathleen , Patterson Francis , Benevenia Joseph 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatients with cancer to bone or soft tissues undergoing orthopedic procedures may be unable to receive pharmacologic prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters may be an effective method to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) in these patients.MethodsRetrospective chart review performed for patients surgically treated for malignant disease of bone or soft tissue who had IVC filter placement. Type of surgery, anatomic region, and development of wound complications requiring repeat surgery were analyzed.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2018, 286 patients received IVC filters. Ten (3.5%) patients suffered deep vein thrombus (DVT) postoperatively. There was no acute fatal PE. Two patients suffered PE at 2 and 99 days postoperatively. Risk of DVT was comparable following surgery with endoprosthesis versus open reduction and internal fixation (p = 0.056) and with soft tissue versus bone involvement (p = 0.620). Three filter‐related complications occurred. Patients disease at the femur had the highest rate of DVT.ConclusionsFollowing treatment of malignant disease of bone or soft‐tissues, two patients with IVC filter placement experienced nonfatal PE and three patients experienced filter‐related complications. No patients in this series experienced a fatal PE.
Determination of phosphate in seawater by ion chromatography inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry
Authors: Cheong Chikako , Miura Tsutomu , Nonose Naoko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhosphate in three seawater certified reference materials developed in previous work (NMIJ CRM 7601‐a, 7602‐a, and 7603‐a) was not certified because it was only determined by continuous flow analysis (CFA). To obtain certified values for phosphate, we developed a novel method for the analysis of phosphate in seawater via inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP‐SFMS) combined with anion exchange ion chromatography (IC). With use of a Jet‐sampler cone and an X‐skimmer cone on the ICP‐SFMS instrument, the 31P sensitivity derived from phosphate was enhanced by a factor of 18 compared to that of standard cones. To reduce the severe saline‐generated matrix effect, an IC with a switching‐valve system that separates phosphate from saline was employed. By adding an internal standard element (As) to the seawater samples, time‐dependent fluctuation of the 31P sensitivity was corrected and a better calibration curve was obtained. The developed method was applied to the analysis of three types of seawater. Although NMIJ CRM 7601‐a could not be determined because its concentration after dilution for the IC separation is lower than the detection limit (0.005 μmol kg−1), the analytical results for NMIJ CRM 7602‐a and 7603‐a are in good agreement with the values obtained via CFA, considering their expanded uncertainties with the coverage factor of 2. The developed method was validated by analyzing an existing certified reference material (MOOS‐3). This method enabled the measurement of sub‐μmol kg−1 levels of phosphate with high accuracy and sensitivity.
Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Injury in Asians Is More Likely Due to Herbal and Dietary Supplements
Authors: Kesar Varun , Channen Lindsey , Masood Umair , Grewal Priya , Ahmad Jawad , Roth Nitzan C. , Odin Joseph A. 
Published: August 2021

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) due to medications and herbal and dietary supplements (HDSs) is a major cause of acute liver injury leading to liver transplantation (LT). This study used United Network for Organ Sharing LT data to analyze severe HDS‐induced acute liver injury in the United States. By convention, patients with acute DILI are listed as “Acute Hepatic Necrosis” (AHN) under the subheading “AHN: Drug Other Specify.” All patients waitlisted from 1994 to 2020 were divided into 3 subgroups: “HDS DILI,” “Non‐HDS DILI,” and “AHN: unknown drug.” Analyses were performed to identify epidemiologic differences between patients with HDS DILI and non‐HDS DILI. A subanalysis was performed for transplanted patients, including longitudinal changes. Of 1875 patients waitlisted for LT, 736 (39.2%) underwent LT. The proportion of Asian patients in the HDS DILI group was significantly higher compared with that in the non‐HDS DILI group (17.4% versus 3.8%; P < 0.001). Excluding acetaminophen cases, the proportion of Black patients in the HDS DILI versus non‐HDS group was significantly lower (8.7% versus 25.3%; P < 0.001). Waitlisted patients with HDS DILI were significantly older (median age, 38 years for HDS DILI versus 31 years for non‐HDS DILI; P = 0.03). Lastly, the number of patients requiring LT due to HDS DILI increased significantly over time with more than 70% of cases occurring in the last 10 years (2010‐2020) compared with the prior 15 years (1994‐2009; P
trend = 0.001). Ethnicity may help in identifying the cause of severe acute DILI, a growing problem as more patients experiment with HDS.
Neurocognitive follow‐up in adult siblings with Phelan–McDermid syndrome due to a novel SHANK3 splicing site mutation
Authors: Kankuri‐Tammilehto Minna , Sauna‐aho Oili , Arvio Maria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPhelan–McDermid syndrome (PMD) is usually not only caused by 22q13.3 deletion but also pathogenic variants (mutations) of SHANK3 gene. PMD is characterized by global intellectual disability, severely delayed or absent speech, and features of autism spectrum disorder and susceptibility to psychotic behavior. Here, we describe a neurocognitive follow‐up and genetic etiology for two siblings with PMD.MethodComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array test was normal and no 22q13.3 deletion was observed. For this reason, whole exome sequencing (WES) analyzed the siblings’ and the parents’ DNA sample.ResultsThe results of the siblings strongly suggest that the SHANK3 gene variant c.2313+1G>A is pathogenic and PMD can be inherited from a mosaic father for this gene variant. Both siblings learned new skills until puberty but experienced a neuropsychiatric disaster after the age of 14 years experienced neurocognitive decline and it was sharp for one of the siblings.ConclusionThe long‐term observations are sparse in PMD and SHANK3 mutations. This is the neurocognitive follow‐up from childhood to middle ages, where a sharp neurocognitive decline was observed. We conclude that progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms in adolescence are a universal clinical clue for PMD diagnosis and an underlying SHANK3 splicing site mutation.
NeuralDAO: Incorporating neural network generated dose into direct aperture optimization for end‐to‐end IMRT planning
Authors: Liu Cong , Ni Xinye , Jin Xiance , Si Wen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeThecurrent practice in intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning almost always includes different dose calculation strategies for plan optimization and final dose verification. The accurate Monte Carlo (MC) dose algorithm is considered to be time‐consuming for the optimization. Thus a fast, simplified dose algorithm is used in the optimization. The significant differences between the optimized dose and the delivered dose lead to tediously planning loops and potentially suboptimal solutions. This work aims to develop an IMRT optimization algorithm to minimize the dose discrepancy so that the delivered dose can be optimized in a holistic, end‐to‐end manner.MethodsThe proposed algorithm, namely NeuralDAO, integrates a neural dose network into the column generation (CG) direct aperture optimization (DAO) formulation for step‐and‐shoot IMRT planning. The neural dose network is designed and trained to produce doses of MC‐level accuracy within few milliseconds. Its differentiability is fully exploited to compute gradients for identifying potential aperture shapes. A prototype of NeuralDAO was developed in PyTorch and available to the public. Five lung patient cases have been studied. Dosimetric accuracy was compared with the MC dose. Plan quality and time were compared with a state‐of‐the‐art (SoA) dose‐correct algorithm. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsThe average gamma passing rate at 2 mm/2% is 99.7% between the optimized and delivered doses. The convergence process produced by NeuralDAO is virtually identical to that produced by an MC‐based DAO. The average dose calculation time is 12.1 ms for an aperture on GPU. One session of optimization took 10–36 min. Compared with the SoA, better conformity index and homogeneity index were observed for the target. The esophagus was significantly spared. Significant reductions were observed for the replanning number and the planning time.ConclusionsA new DAO algorithm based on the neural dose network has been developed. The results suggest that this algorithm minimizes the discrepancy between the optimized and delivered doses, which offers a promising approach to reduce the time and effort required in IMRT planning. This work demonstrates the possibility of applying the neural network in IMRT optimization. It is of great potential to extend this algorithm to other treatment modalities.
Ultrasonographic anatomy of posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve in healthy subjects
Authors: Woo Sang Rok , Choi Jun Ho , Jeong Ha Mok , Yoon Joon Shik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve (PACN) is one of the cutaneous branches of the radial nerve, and receives sensory input from the posterior arm and forearm. The aim of this study is to describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the PACN.MethodsPACN and its branches were scanned using ultrasonography in 30 healthy volunteers. The distances between the epicondylar line and the bifurcation site of each branch of PACN (A) point of separation of the radial nerve and the PACN, (B) point of separation of the anterior and posterior divisions, (C) point of bifurcation of the posterior division into the epicondylar and anconeus branches), cross‐sectional areas and depths from the skin surface to each nerve at positions A, B, and C were measured.ResultsThe mean distance from the epicondylar line to A, B, and C was 10.01 ± 0.82 cm, 7.46 ± 0.98 cm, and 4.02 ± 1.16 cm, respectively. The mean depth from the skin surface at A, B, and C was 1.00 ± 0.19 cm, 0.72 ± 0.19 cm, and 0.51 ± 0.12 cm, respectively.DiscussionUltrasonographic visualization of the PACN and its major branches was feasible. The reference values in this study may be helpful for more accurate sonographic assessment and electrophysiologic study, and contribute to safer interventions around the elbow region.
Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of pathogenic variants in STIM1
Authors: Ticci Chiara , Cassandrini Denise , Rubegni Anna , Riva Beatrice , Vattemi Gaetano , Matà Sabrina , Ricci Giulia , Baldacci Jacopo , Guglielmi Valeria , Di Muzio Antonio , Malandrini Alessandro , Tonin Paola , Siciliano Gabriele , Federico Antonio , Genazzani Armando A. , Santorelli Filippo M. , Merlini Luciano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsStromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a reticular Ca2+ sensor composed of a luminal and a cytosolic domain. Autosomal dominant mutations in STIM1 cause tubular aggregate myopathy and Stormorken syndrome or its variant York platelet syndrome. In this study we aimed to expand the features related to new variants in STIM1.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of individuals harboring monoallelic STIM1 variants recruited at five tertiary centers involved in a study of inherited myopathies analyzed with a multigene‐targeted panel.ResultsWe identified seven individuals (age range, 26‐57 years) harboring variants in STIM1, including five novel changes: three located in the EF‐hand domain, one in the sterile α motif (SAM) domain, and one in the cytoplasmatic region of the protein. Functional evaluation of the pathogenic variants using a heterologous expression system and measuring store‐operated calcium entry demonstrated their causative role and suggested a link of new variants with the clinical phenotype. Muscle contractures, found in three individuals, showed variability in body distribution and in the number of joints involved. Three patients showed cardiac and respiratory involvement. Short stature, hyposplenism, sensorineural hearing loss, hypothyroidism, and Gilbert syndrome were variably observed among the patients. Laboratory tests revealed hyperCKemia in six patients, thrombocytopenia in two patients, and hypocalcemia in one patient. Muscle biopsy showed the presence of tubular aggregates in three patients, type I fiber atrophy in one patient, and nonspecific myopathic changes in two patients.DiscussionOur clinical, histological, and molecular data expand the genetic and clinical spectrum of STIM1‐related diseases.
Development of a Simple Morphometric Model to Identify Sex in Chinook Salmon Returning to Spawn in the Yukon River
Authors: Bradley Catherine A. , Brown Randy J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha support major fisheries in the Yukon River in Canada and the United States. Demographic data, including length, age, and sex composition of annual runs underpin management programs tasked with meeting escapement goals and providing for various fisheries within the drainage. Numerous sampling projects along the river collect these data annually, most without sacrificing fish. However, substantial error can occur when assigning sex based on observations of secondary sexual characteristics, particularly early in the spawning migration. We sought to develop a quantitative method of analyzing morphology of Chinook Salmon in the Yukon River that would achieve ≥95% accuracy of sex assignment with live fish. We collected snout lengths (SL) and mid-eye-to-fork lengths (MEF) from 2,342 known-sex fish from six regions of the drainage ranging from 40 to 2,000 km upstream from the sea, including a collection from postspawning fish. We fit three logistic regression models to the data using MEF, the ratio of SL to MEF, and regional group as covariates, including interactions and quadratic terms. Model selection was made using Akaike information criterion and cross-validation of prediction performance. Accuracy rates of the final quantitative model ranged from 79% for a lower Yukon River group to 92% for the postspawning group. Though short of our accuracy goal, the quantitative method may provide an improvement over existing methods of sex assignments in some regions of the drainage. Lower assignment rates in the lower river may reflect the mixed-stock composition of the fishery, where samples include fish with both short and long migrations ahead of them. However, we speculate that Chinook Salmon migrating to upper Yukon River spawning areas minimize the expression of secondary sexual characteristics, such as SL in males, and instead allocate their energy reserves to accomplishing the long migrations.
3D‐printing antibacterial composite filaments containing synergistic antibacterial activity of green tea and tannic acid
Authors: Thavornyutikarn Boonlom , Lertwimol Tareerat , Kosorn Wasana , Hankamolsiri Weerawan , Nampichai Nutdanai , Janvikul Wanida 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNovel three‐dimensional (3D) printing antibacterial thermoplastic polyurethane/green tea/tannic acid (TPU/GT/TA) composite filaments were successfully developed. The antimicrobial property of the filaments was evaluated against three Gram‐positive bacterial strains, that is, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis, using an agar diffusion assay. It was noted that the enhanced inhibitory potency of the filaments was derived from the synergistic antibacterial activity of GT and TA, also confirmed by the antibacterial potency of the crude extract of GT/TA mixture which was used as a synergism study model. Not only the weight ratio of GT and TA incorporated in the filaments, but also the uniform mixing of the polymer compounds played a crucial role in the antibacterial efficiency of the resulting filaments. Both GT and TA were uniformly distributed in the matrices of filaments composed of total contents of GT and TA ≤ 30 wt%, proven by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and micro‐computer tomography (μCT) analysis. Furthermore, a number of voids existed in the filament matrix were found to increase with a rising content of fillers. Among the composite filaments prepared, TPU/GT25/TA:70/10/20 filament demonstrated the best tensile property, whereas TPU/GT25/TA:70/15/15 filament possessed the greatest inhibitory potency. The antibacterial stability of the developed composite filaments after 3D printing and storage was eventually assessed. The novel composite filaments had a promising potential use as an effectively antibacterial FDM feedstock for such applications as 3D printed antimicrobial insoles.
Enhancing the mechanical, morphological, and rheological behavior of polyethylene/polypropylene blends with maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene
Authors: Graziano Antimo , Titton Dias Otavio Augusto , Sena Maia Bruno , Li Jinlei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis is the first study to showcase the use of maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (MAPE) to compatibilize polyethylene (PE)‐rich blends, where polypropylene (PP) represents the minor phase. By first mixing PP with MAPE, and then adding PE, MAPE was assumed to be localized at the PE/PP interface. Microscopy analysis confirmed that MAPE led to a remarkably fine PE/PP/MAPE morphology, with PP being uniformly dispersed into PE and having an average diameter 267% smaller than that in the PE/PP blend. According to mechanical and rheological tests, this translated into a 14%, 20%, and 14% enhancement of tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tensile toughness, respectively, as well as a 10% and 20% drop in PE/PP viscosity mismatch and interfacial tension, respectively. Finally, PE/PP/MAPE tensile toughness and elongation at break were greater than those of virgin PP, while PE/PP/MAPE strength and stiffness were similar to the ones of neat PP. Therefore, this study provides industries with the possibility to utilize products rich in PE instead of those made of more expensive PP, while still keeping the level of performance high; hence, creating a paradigm shift in the development of advanced lightweight polyolefin materials with tuned functionalities.
The effect of ankle‐foot orthosis on ankle kinematics in individuals after stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wada Yoshitaka , Otaka Yohei , Mukaino Masahiko , Tsujimoto Yasushi , Shiroshita Akihiro , Kawate Nobuyuki , Taito Shunsuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether ankle‐foot orthosis (AFO) has a beneficial effect on dorsiflexion angle increase during the swing phase among individuals with stroke and patient‐important outcomes in individuals with stroke.Literature SurveyRandomized controlled trials (RCTs), randomized crossover trials, and cluster RCTs until May 2020 were researched through CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL, and REHABDATA databases. Studies reporting on AFO use to improve walking, functional mobility, quality of life, and activity limitations and reports of adverse events in individuals with stroke were included.MethodologyTwo independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.SynthesisFourteen trials that enrolled 282 individuals with stroke and compared AFO with no AFO were included. Compared with no AFO, AFO could increase the dorsiflexion angle of ankle joints during walking (mean difference [MD, 3.7°]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0–5.3; low certainty of evidence). Furthermore, AFO could improve walking ability (walking speed) (MD, 0.09 [m/s]; 95% CI, 0.06–0.12; low certainty of evidence). No study had reported the effects of AFO on quality of life, adverse events, fall frequency, and activities of daily life.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that AFO improved ankle kinematics and walking ability in the short term; nonetheless, the evidence was characterized by a low degree of certainty.