bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH). Häufigkeit und mögliche Ursachen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse aus den Münchner Geburtskohorten GINIplus und LISA
Authors: Kühnisch Jan , Standl Marie , Hickel Reinhard , Heinrich Joachim 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) – mittlerweile auch bekannt unter dem Begriff der Kreidezähne – stellt heute neben der Karies eine häufige Erkrankung der Zähne im Kindes- und Jugendalter dar. Neben den ästhetischen Einschränkungen insbesondere an den Frontzähnen sind Hypersensibilitäten und Schmelzeinbrüche an bleibenden Molaren für die Betroffenen von funktioneller Bedeutung. Während die Häufigkeit der MIH in einer Größenordnung zwischen ~ 10 % und ~ 30 % liegt und gut beschrieben ist, stellt sich die Situation bezüglich der Ursachenforschung unbefriedigend dar. Obwohl in der Vergangenheit Anstrengungen zur Klärung der Ätiologie unternommen wurden, liegt bis in die Gegenwart keine plausible Ätiologiekette vor. Ursachenforschungen sind dabei als methodisch anspruchsvoll zu beurteilen, da diese optimalerweise in prospektiv geplante Geburtskohortenstudien eingebettet sein sollten, welche spätestens mit der Geburt beginnen. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, die klinische Charakteristik der MIH, Häufigkeiten und potenzielle Ursachen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung bereits publizierter Ergebnisse aus den beiden Münchner Geburtskohortenstudien GINIplus und LISA zusammenfassend darzustellen.
Kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen unter Androgenentzugstherapie: Vorteil für Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon-Antagonisten? Ein Update
Authors: von Amsberg Gunhild , Thiele Holger , Merseburger Axel 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Androgendeprivationstherapie (ADT) spielt in der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms eine zentrale Rolle. Der zusätzliche Einsatz neuer Medikamente führt sowohl in der hormonsensitiven Situation als auch der Kastrationsresistenz zu einem verlängerten Gesamtüberleben. Ein dadurch bedingter, langjähriger Einsatz der ADT rückt mögliche Komplikationen in den Vordergrund. Dies gilt insbesondere für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel der Arbeit war die Prüfung der aktuellen Datenlage zu möglichen Unterschieden des kardiovaskulären Risikoprofils von Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon- (GnRH-)Agonisten und GnRH-Antagonisten.

Methoden
Narrativer Bericht basierend auf einem Expertenkonsens, unterstützt von einer Literaturrecherche in PubMed (MEDLINE) und den Abstract Datenbanken von ASCO und ESMO zwischen Januar 2015 und 2021. Berücksichtigt wurden für den Behandlungsalltag bedeutsame Metaanalysen, vergleichenden randomisierte klinische Studien (RCT) und „real world data“ (RWD). Die Studienauswahl wurde hinsichtlich der klinischen Relevanz für den Praxisalltag vorgenommen.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden drei für die Thematik relevante Metaanalysen, zwei prospektive RCT sowie drei RWD-Publikationen identifiziert. Dabei zeigt sich übereinstimmend ein Vorteil für GnRH-Antagonisten mit einer geringeren Inzidenz kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse im Vergleich zu GnRH-Agonisten. Lediglich eine RWD-Untersuchung berichtet über eine vergleichbare Komplikationsrate mit beiden Substanzgruppen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die GnRH-Antagonisten weisen ein geringeres Risiko für das Auftreten kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse als GnRH-Agonisten auf. Eine Risikominimierung sollte durch Berücksichtigung bekannter kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren vor Therapieeinleitung vorgenommen werden.
An improved Z-source inverter with high voltage boost ability
Authors: Gan Shihong , Shi Weifeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn improved high voltage boost Z-source inverter topology is proposed to improve voltage boost ability. Compared to the conventional Z-source inverter, it can produce very high voltage boost with a short shoot-through duty ratio, the voltage stress on Z-source capacitors and inverter-bridge is greatly reduced, and has inherent limitation to inrush current at startup. The addition of a input capacitor and an active switch allows the current in the Z source network to flow in the reverse direction, which adapts to a wide range of the load change. Theoretical analysis, the operation principle of the proposed topology and comparison with the conventional topology are explicitly described. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the new features.
Alkylated albumin-derived dipeptide C(-HETE)P derivatized by propionic anhydride as a biomarker for the verification of poisoning with sulfur mustard
Authors: Richter Annika , Siegert Markus , Thiermann Horst , John Harald 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSulfur mustard (SM) is a banned chemical warfare agent recently used in the Syrian Arab Republic conflict causing erythema and blisters characterized by complicated and delayed wound healing. For medical and legal reasons, the proof of exposure to SM is of high toxicological and forensic relevance. SM reacts with endogenous human serum albumin (HSA adducts) alkylating the thiol group of the cysteine residue C34, thus causing the addition of the hydroxyethylthioethyl (HETE) moiety. Following proteolysis with pronase, the biomarker dipeptide C(-HETE)P is produced. To expand the possibilities for verification of exposure, we herein introduce a novel biomarker produced from that alkylated dipeptide by derivatization with propionic anhydride inducing the selective propionylation of the N-terminus yielding PA-C(-HETE)P. Quantitative derivatization is carried out at room temperature in aqueous buffer within 10 s. The biomarker was found to be stable in the autosampler at 15 °C for at least 24 h, thus documenting its suitability even for larger sets of samples. Selective and sensitive detection is done by micro liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem-mass spectrometry (μLC-ESI MS/MS) operating in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode detecting product ions of the single protonated PA-C(-HETE)P (m/z 379.1) at m/z 116.1, m/z 137.0, and m/z 105.0. The lower limit of detection corresponds to 32 nM SM in plasma in vitro and the limit of identification to 160 nM. The applicability to real exposure scenarios was proven by analyzing samples from the Middle East confirming poisoning with SM.
Graphical abstract
Surgical Resection of Tumors Invading the Inferior Vena Cava at the Hepatic Vein and Thoracic Levels
Authors: Issard Justin , Sa Cunha Antonio , Fabre Dominique , Mitilian Delphine , Mussot Sacha , Mercier Olaf , Boulate David , Fadel Elie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to describe the results of our program of surgical resection of tumors invading the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the hepatic and thoracic levels. We hypothesized that similar surgical outcomes may be obtained compared to tumor resection below the hepatic vein level if the liver function was preserved.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective study of 72 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection from 1996 to 2019 for tumors invading the IVC. We compared two groups based on tumor location below (group I/II) or above (group III/IV) the inferior limit of hepatic veins.ResultsTumor histology was similarly distributed between groups. In group III/IV (n = 35), sterno‐laparotomy was used in 83% of patients, cardiopulmonary bypass in 77%, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in 17%; 23% underwent liver resection. Corresponding proportions in group I/II were 3%, 0%, 0%, and 8%. In group III/IV, 4 patients required emergency resection. Mortality on day 30 was 17% (n = 6) in group III/IV and 0% in group I/II (P = 0.01). There was no liver failure among the 66 postoperative survivors and 5 out of 6 patients who died postoperatively presented a preoperative or postoperative liver failure (P < 0.001). Overall survival was not significantly different between groups with a median follow‐up of 15.1 months. R0 resection was achieved in 66% of group I/II and 49% of group III/IV patients (P = 0.03).ConclusionSurgical resection of tumors invading the inferior vena cava at hepatic vein and thoracic levels should be reserved to carefully selected patients without preoperative liver failure to minimize postoperative mortality.
The impact of hepatic and renal function on panitumumab exposures in patients with metastatic RAS wild-type colorectal cancer
Authors: Liao Michael Z. , Prenen Hans , Dutta Sandeep , Upreti Vijay V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Panitumumab is a human monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor for the treatment of wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Currently, no dedicated clinical studies have evaluated the effect of organ impairment on the pharmacokinetics of panitumumab. Here, we present data from late phase studies of panitumumab in patients with mCRC and analyses of the effect of hepatic or renal impairment on the exposure of panitumumab.

Methods
From three multicenter, open-label, phase 2 and phase 3 studies, 349 and 351 patients were included in hepatic and renal function subgroup analyses, respectively. Patients who received IV panitumumab and serum exposures were compared to patients with varying degrees of hepatic and renal organ dysfunction.

Results
The Cmax and Ctrough values for patients with mild (n = 119) and moderate (n = 4) hepatic impairment were within the range of serum concentrations of panitumumab for the normal hepatic function subgroup. The distributions of serum concentration of panitumumab in patients with mild (n = 85) or moderate (n = 19) renal impairment were similar to the serum concentrations of panitumumab in the normal renal function subgroup. Population pharmacokinetic modeling and covariate analysis results were also consistent with lack of any significant effect of renal or hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of panitumumab. Additionally, real-world evidence from case studies of patients with mCRC and severe hepatic or renal impairment, which is a rare patient population to study, indicated lack of clinically relevant differences in exposure of panitumumab compared with patients with mCRC and normal hepatic or renal function.

Conclusions
Mild-to-moderate hepatic or renal dysfunction had no clinically meaningful impact on the pharmacokinetics of panitumumab in patients with mCRC. No dose adjustments for panitumumab are warranted in patients with mCRC with mild-to-moderate hepatic or renal dysfunction.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT00083616, NCT00089635, NCT00113763
Comprehensive comparison of dual-energy computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of bone marrow edema and fracture lines in acute vertebral fractures
Authors: Cavallaro Marco , D’Angelo Tommaso , Albrecht Moritz H. , Yel Ibrahim , Martin Simon S. , Wichmann Julian L. , Lenga Lukas , Mazziotti Silvio , Blandino Alfredo , Ascenti Giorgio , Longo Marcello , Vogl Thomas J. , Booz Christian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To compare dual-energy CT (DECT) and MRI for assessing presence and extent of traumatic bone marrow edema (BME) and fracture line depiction in acute vertebral fractures.

Methods
Eighty-eight consecutive patients who underwent dual-source DECT and 3-T MRI of the spine were retrospectively analyzed. Five radiologists assessed all vertebrae for presence and extent of BME and for identification of acute fracture lines on MRI and, after 12 weeks, on DECT series. Additionally, image quality, image noise, and diagnostic confidence for overall diagnosis of acute vertebral fracture were assessed. Quantitative analysis of CT numbers was performed by a sixth radiologist. Two radiologists analyzed MRI and grayscale DECT series to define the reference standard.

Results
For assessing BME presence and extent, DECT showed high sensitivity (89% and 84%, respectively) and specificity (98% in both), and similarly high diagnostic confidence compared to MRI (2.30 vs. 2.32; range 0–3) for the detection of BME (p = .72). For evaluating acute fracture lines, MRI achieved high specificity (95%), moderate sensitivity (76%), and a significantly lower diagnostic confidence compared to DECT (2.42 vs. 2.62, range 0–3) (p < .001). A cutoff value of − 0.43 HU provided a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 90% for diagnosing BME, with an overall AUC of 0.96.

Conclusions
DECT and MRI provide high diagnostic confidence and image quality for assessing acute vertebral fractures. While DECT achieved high overall diagnostic accuracy in the analysis of BME presence and extent, MRI provided moderate sensitivity and lower confidence for evaluating fracture lines.

Key Points
• In the setting of spinal trauma, dual-energy CT (DECT) is highly accurate in the evaluation of acute vertebral fractures and bone marrow edema presence and extent.
• MRI provides moderate sensitivity and lower diagnostic confidence for the depiction of acute fracture lines, when compared to DECT, which might result in potentially inaccurate and underestimated severity assessment of injuries in certain cases when no fracture lines are visible on MRI.
• DECT may represent a valid imaging alternative to MRI in specific settings of acute spinal trauma and in follow-up examinations, especially in elderly or unstable patients and in cases of subtle or complex orientated fracture lines.
Aerodynamic characteristics of a free-flight scramjet vehicle in shock tunnel
Authors: Tanno Marie , Tanno Hideyuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A multi-component aerodynamic test for an airframe-engine integrated scramjet vehicle model was conducted in the free-piston shock tunnel HIEST. A free-flight force measurement technique was applied to the scramjet vehicle model named MoDKI. A new method using multiple piezoelectric accelerometers was developed based on overdetermined system analysis. Its unique features are the following: (1) The accelerometer’s mounting location can be more flexible. (2) The measurement precision is predicted to be improved by increasing the number of accelerometers. (3) The angular acceleration can be obtained with single-axis translational accelerometers instead of gyroscopes. (4) Through the averaging process of the multiple accelerometers, model natural vibration is expected to be mitigated. With eight model-onboard single-axis accelerometers, the three-component aerodynamic coefficients (Drag, Lift, and Pitching moment) of MoDKI were successfully measured at the angle of attack from 0.7 to 3.4 degrees under a Mach 8 free-stream test flow condition. A linear regression fitting revealed a 95% prediction interval as the measurement precision of each aerodynamic coefficient.

Graphical abstract
Antidepressant effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is not impaired by intake of lithium or antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Hebel T. , Abdelnaim M. A. , Deppe M. , Kreuzer P. M. , Mohonko A. , Poeppl T. B. , Rupprecht R. , Langguth B. , Schecklmann M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of concomitant medication on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) outcomes in depression remains understudied. Recent analyses show attenuation of rTMS effects by antipsychotic medication and benzodiazepines, but data on the effects of antiepileptic drugs and lithium used as mood stabilizers or augmenting agents are sparse despite clinical relevance. Preclinical electrophysiological studies suggest relevant impact of the medication on treatment, but this might not translate into clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the role of lithium (Li), lamotrigine (LTG) and valproic acid (VPA) by analyzing rTMS treatment outcomes in depressed patients.Methods299 patients with uni- and bipolar depression treated with rTMS were selected for analysis in respect to intake of lithium, lamotrigine and valproic acid. The majority (n = 251) were treated with high-frequency (10–20 Hz) rTMS of the lDLPFC for an average of 17 treatment sessions with a figure-of-8 coil with a MagVenture system aiming for 110% resting motor threshold, and smaller groups of patients were being treated with other protocols including intermittent theta-burst stimulation and bilateral prefrontal and medial prefrontal protocols. For group comparisons, we used analysis of variance with the between-subjects factor group or Chi-Square Test of Independence depending on the scales of measurement. For post-hoc tests, we used least significant difference (LSD). For differences in treatment effects between groups, we used an ANOVA with the between-subjects factor group (groups: no mood stabilizer, Li, LTG, VPA, Li + LTG) the within-subjects factor treatment (pre vs. post treatment with rTMS) and also Chi-Square Tests of independence for response and remission.ResultsOverall, patients showed an amelioration of symptoms with no significant differences for the main effect of group and for the interaction effect treatment by group. Based on direct comparisons between the single groups taking mood stabilizers against the group taking no mood stabilizers, we see a superior effect of lamotrigine, valproic acid and combination of lithium and lamotrigine for the response and remission rates. Motor threshold was significantly and markedly higher for patients taking valproic acid.ConclusionBeing treated with lithium, lamotrigine and valproic acid had no relevant influence on rTMS treatment outcome. The results suggest there is no reason for clinicians to withhold or withdraw these types of medication from patients who are about to undergo a course of rTMS. Prospective controlled work on the subject is encouraged.
Intraocular fluid biomarkers (liquid biopsy) in human diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Midena Edoardo , Frizziero Luisa , Midena Giulia , Pilotto Elisabetta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to review the impact of detecting and quantifying intraocular biomarkers (liquid biopsy) in both aqueous and vitreous humor in eyes of people affected by diabetes mellitus.

Methods
This is a detailed review about aqueous and/or vitreous humor sampling in human diabetic eyes for proteomic and/or metabolomic analysis contributing to the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment effects of diabetic retinopathy.

Results
Aqueous and vitreous humor molecular biomarkers proved to be directly correlated to each other and valuable to study retinal conditions. Moreover, proteomic and metabolomic analysis showed that the biomarkers of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and vasculopathy are detectable in intraocular fluids and that their concentration changes in different stages of disease, and in response to treatment of all diabetic retinopathy aspects, mainly diabetic macular edema and proliferative retinopathy.

Conclusions
Liquid biopsy offers the possibility to improve our knowledge of intraocular eye disease induced by diabetes mellitus. The exact quantification of intraocular biomarkers contributes to the precision medicine approach even in the diabetic retinopathy scenario. The diffusion of this approach should be encouraged to have quantifiable information directly from the human model, which may be coupled with imaging data.
A new era for people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bierlaagh Marlou C. , Muilwijk Danya , Beekman Jeffrey M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCystic fibrosis is the most prevalent inherited disease caused by a defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The impaired electrolyte homeostasis caused by the mutated or absent protein leads to symptoms in multiple organ systems. However, the pulmonary manifestation with chronic infections and eventually respiratory failure remains the most important threat. Until one decade ago, only symptomatic treatment was available. However, since 2012, different combinations of CFTR modulators are available for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) that carry different mutations. The advent of these drugs has impressively changed life expectancy and quality of life in people with cystic fibrosis and raised new challenges regarding long-term complications and tapering of conventional therapies.Conclusion: In this review, we provide an update on the latest developments around diagnostics, treatment, and prognosis of pwCF.

What is Known:• Cystic fibrosis is an incurable and life-shortening disease asking for life-long symptomatic treatment.• Three combination CFTR modulating drugs has gained marked approval over the last 10 years.

What is New:• The emerge of new (modulating) therapies contribute to the increasing life expectancy.• A high unmet need to develop new therapies for people with CF who cannot access or benefit from these drugs remains. This review gives an update on the current status.
Self-care, resilience, and caregiver burden in relatives of patients with advanced cancer: results from the eQuiPe study
Authors: van Roij Janneke , Brom Linda , Sommeijer Dirkje , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke , Raijmakers Natasja ,   on behalf of the eQuiPe study group
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Relatives are often involved in caregiving for patients with advanced cancer and carry a heavy burden. Self-care and resilience might be beneficial to enhance their wellbeing and burden-bearing capacity. This study assessed the engagement in self-care and resilience in relatives of patients with advanced cancer and its association with their caregiver burden.

Methods
This study analyzed baseline data of the eQuiPe study, a prospective longitudinal, multicenter, observational study on quality of care and life of patients with advanced cancer and their relatives in which self-care (Self-care Practices Scale), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), and caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI)) of relatives were included. Their scores were compared with a gender- and age-matched normative population. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between self-care and resilience with caregiver burden.

Results
Most of the 746 relatives were the patient’s partner (78%) and 54% reported to be an informal caregiver of the patient. The median hours of caregiving a week for all relatives was 15 and 11% experienced high caregiver burden (ZBI > 20). Relatives who reported a high caregiver burden engaged less often in self-care (OR = .87) and were less resilient (OR = .76) compared to relatives with low/medium caregiver burden. Relatives with high caregiver burden were younger (OR = .96), highly educated (OR = 2.08), often reported to be an informal caregiver of the patient (OR = 2.24), and were less well informed about the importance of self-care (OR = .39).

Conclusion
A significant number of relatives of patients with advanced cancer experienced high caregiver burden. As more self-care and resilience were associated with lower experienced caregiver burden, creating awareness of the beneficial potential of self-care is important. Future studies should illuminate the causal relation.

Trial registration number
NTR6584 (date of registration: 30 June 2017)