bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtypes of delirium after ischaemic stroke—predisposing factors and outcomes: a prospective observational study (PROPOLIS)
Authors: Czyzycki Mateusz , Klimiec‐Moskal Elzbieta , Chrobak Adrian A. , Pera Joanna , Slowik Agnieszka , Dziedzic Tomasz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDelirium is a serious complication after stroke. It remains unclear whether different motor subtypes of delirium are associated with diverse risk factors and outcomes. The aim was to investigate if delirium subtypes differ in predisposing factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes.MethodsIn all, 698 patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (median age 73 years; 53.7% female) were prospectively included. Core features of delirium during the first 7 days after admission were examined. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) criteria for delirium were used. Pre‐stroke characteristics were compared between different delirium subtypes and logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the association between delirium, functional outcome and death.ResultsHyperactive, hypoactive and mixed delirium were diagnosed in 28, 75 and 66 patients, respectively. Patients with hyperactive delirium had less severe neurological deficit on admission and more often had transient ischaemic attack compared with patients with hypoactive and mixed delirium. Compared with patients with hypoactive delirium, those with hyperactive delirium more often suffered from irritability/lability prior to stroke. Hyperactive and hypoactive delirium did not differ in age, sex, comorbidities, pre‐stroke dependency, cognitive decline and severity of delirium. Hyperactive, hypoactive and mixed delirium were associated with an increased risk of poor 3‐ and 12‐month functional outcome compared with patients without delirium. Moreover, patients with hypoactive and mixed delirium had an elevated risk of death.ConclusionsHyperactive delirium is associated with less severe stroke and higher scores of pre‐existing irritability/lability. All three motor subtypes of delirium are associated with poor outcome, although hyperactive delirium seems to have a less unfavourable prognosis.
Flies getting filthy: The precopulatory mating behaviours of three mud‐dwelling species of Australian Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Butterworth Nathan J. , Wallman James F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae) is a cosmopolitan genus of predatory flies that inhabit the muddy and sandy surrounds of water bodies. There are more than 163 described species worldwide, many of which are known to exhibit cursorial courtship displays which involve complex visual and vibratory signals. Despite the widespread distribution of these flies and their remarkable courtship displays, the biology and behaviour of most species are entirely unknown. Here, for the first time, we describe the precopulatory mating behaviours of three widespread and common Australian species: Lispe sydneyensis, Lispe albimaculata and Lispe xenochaeta. We demonstrate that all three species exhibit entirely unique courtship displays, consisting of complex behavioural repertoires. Importantly, we highlight intra‐sexual competition in L. sydneyensis, where males engage in competitive dances and combat. We also report female–male aggression in L. albimaculata and L. xenochaeta where females charge and display towards males. These novel mating systems provide unique opportunities to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses.
Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone
Authors: Folio Dorinda Marie , Gil Jordi , Caudron Arnaud , Labonne Jacques 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAllopatric gene pools can evolve in different directions through adaptive and nonadaptive processes and are therefore a source of intraspecific diversity. The connection of these previously isolated gene pools through human intervention can lead to intraspecific diversity loss, through extirpation of native populations or hybridization. However, the mechanisms leading to these situations are not always explicitly documented and are thus rarely used to manage intraspecific diversity. In particular, genotype‐by‐environment (GxE) interactions can drive postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms that may result in a mosaic of diversity patterns, depending on the local environment. We test this hypothesis using a salmonid species (Salmo trutta) in the Mediterranean (MED) area, where intensive stocking from non‐native Atlantic (ATL) origins has led to various outcomes of hybridization with the native MED lineage, going from MED resilience to total extirpation via full hybridization. We investigate patterns of offspring survival at egg stage in natural environments, based on parental genotypes in interaction with river temperature, to detect potential GxE interactions. Our results show a strong influence of maternal GxE interaction on embryonic survival, mediated by maternal effect through egg size, and a weak influence of paternal GxE interaction. In particular, when egg size is large and temperature is cold, the survival rate of offspring originating from MED females is three times higher than that of ATL females’ offspring. Because river temperatures show contrast at small scale, this cold adaptation for MED females’ offspring constitutes a potent postzygotic mechanism to explain small‐scale spatial heterogeneity in diversity observed in MED areas where ATL fish have been stocked. It also indicates that management efforts could be specifically targeted at the environments that actively favor native intraspecific diversity through eco‐evolutionary processes such as postzygotic selection.
Arctic freshwater biodiversity: Establishing baselines, trends, and drivers of ecological change
Authors: Culp Joseph M. , Goedkoop Willem , Christensen Tom , Christoffersen Kirsten S. , Fefilova Elena , Liljaniemi Petri , Novichkova Anna A. , Ólafsson Jón S. , Sandøy Steinar , Zimmerman Christian E. , Lento Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Climate change is predicted to have dramatic effects on Arctic freshwater ecosystems through changes to the abiotic template that are expected to influence biodiversity. Changes are already ongoing in Arctic systems, but there is a lack of coordinated monitoring of Arctic freshwaters that hinders our ability to assess changes in biodiversity.

To address the need for coordinated monitoring on a circumpolar scale, the Arctic Council working group, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, established the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program, which is an adaptive monitoring program for the Arctic centred around four ecosystem themes (i.e., Freshwater, Terrestrial, Coastal, Marine). The freshwater theme developed a monitoring plan for Arctic freshwater biodiversity and recently completed the first assessment of status and trends in Arctic freshwater biodiversity.

Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program–Freshwater has compiled and analysed a database of Arctic freshwater monitoring data to form the first report of the state of circumpolar Arctic freshwater biodiversity. This special issue presents the scientific analyses that underlie the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program–Freshwater report and provides analyses of spatial and temporal diversity patterns and the multiple‐stressor scenarios that act on the biological assemblages and biogeochemistry of Arctic lakes and rivers.

This special issue includes regional patterns for selected groups of organisms in Arctic rivers and lakes of northern Europe, Russia, and North America. Circumpolar assessments for benthic diatoms, macrophytes, plankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish demonstrate how climate change and associated environmental drivers affect freshwater biodiversity. Also included are papers on spatial and temporal trends in water chemistry across the circumpolar region, and a systematic review of documented Indigenous Knowledge that demonstrates its potential to support assessment and conservation of Arctic freshwaters.

This special issue includes the first circumpolar assessment of trends in Arctic freshwater biodiversity and provides important baseline information for future assessments and studies. It represents the largest compilation and assessment of Arctic freshwater biodiversity data to date and strives to provide a holistic view of ongoing change in these ecosystems to support future monitoring efforts. By identifying gaps in monitoring data across the circumpolar region, as well as identifying best practices for monitoring and assessment, this special issue presents an important resource for researchers, policy makers, and Indigenous and local communities that can support future assessments of ecosystem change.
Land‐based measures to mitigate climate change: Potential and feasibility by country
Authors: Roe Stephanie , Streck Charlotte , Beach Robert , Busch Jonah , Chapman Melissa , Daioglou Vassilis , Deppermann Andre , Doelman Jonathan , Emmet‐Booth Jeremy , Engelmann Jens , Fricko Oliver , Frischmann Chad , Funk Jason , Grassi Giacomo , Griscom Bronson , Havlik Petr , Hanssen Steef , Humpenöder Florian , Landholm David , Lomax Guy , Lehmann Johannes , Mesnildrey Leah , Nabuurs Gert‐Jan , Popp Alexander , Rivard Charlotte , Sanderman Jonathan , Sohngen Brent , Smith Pete , Stehfest Elke , Woolf Dominic , Lawrence Deborah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLand‐based climate mitigation measures have gained significant attention and importance in public and private sector climate policies. Building on previous studies, we refine and update the mitigation potentials for 20 land‐based measures in >200 countries and five regions, comparing “bottom‐up” sectoral estimates with integrated assessment models (IAMs). We also assess implementation feasibility at the country level. Cost‐effective (available up to $100/tCO2eq) land‐based mitigation is 8–13.8 GtCO2eq yr−1between 2020 and 2050, with the bottom end of this range representing the IAM median and the upper end representing the sectoral estimate. The cost‐effective sectoral estimate is about 40% of available technical potential and is in line with achieving a 1.5°C pathway in 2050. Compared to technical potentials, cost‐effective estimates represent a more realistic and actionable target for policy. The cost‐effective potential is approximately 50% from forests and other ecosystems, 35% from agriculture, and 15% from demand‐side measures. The potential varies sixfold across the five regions assessed (0.75–4.8 GtCO2eq yr−1) and the top 15 countries account for about 60% of the global potential. Protection of forests and other ecosystems and demand‐side measures present particularly high mitigation efficiency, high provision of co‐benefits, and relatively lower costs. The feasibility assessment suggests that governance, economic investment, and socio‐cultural conditions influence the likelihood that land‐based mitigation potentials are realized. A substantial portion of potential (80%) is in developing countries and LDCs, where feasibility barriers are of greatest concern. Assisting countries to overcome barriers may result in significant quantities of near‐term, low‐cost mitigation while locally achieving important climate adaptation and development benefits. Opportunities among countries vary widely depending on types of land‐based measures available, their potential co‐benefits and risks, and their feasibility. Enhanced investments and country‐specific plans that accommodate this complexity are urgently needed to realize the large global potential from improved land stewardship.
A roadmap for future research on insularity effects on plant–herbivore interactions
Authors: Moreira Xoaquín , Abdala‐Roberts Luis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractState of the artTheory predicts that herbivore pressure should be weaker on islands than on the mainland, owing to lower herbivore abundance and diversity because of dispersal constraints and environmental filtering. As a result, plants on islands should invest less in defences against herbivory. Although early empirical studies supported these predictions, recent systematic island–mainland comparisons have questioned this paradigm, with some studies reporting either no difference between islands and mainland or higher herbivory and plant defences on islands. Current data therefore appear to be unsupportive of predictions on insularity effects on plant–herbivore interactions, calling for more research to reassess predictions and to test underlying mechanisms for observed patterns.Research opportunitiesTo meet this challenge, a renewed research programme based on the accrual of studies with specific features is needed. These should include more robust experimental designs with replication within and across systems, integrative and more nuanced assessments of plant defensive phenotypes and herbivory, a food web approach that considers the multi‐trophic context in which plant–herbivore interactions are embedded, and a consideration of historical factors (e.g., island origin and biogeographical factors, defensive anachronisms).OutlookThis new research programme will require integration of evolutionary ecology research on plant–herbivore interactions with island biogeography, palaeoecology and community ecology to understand the influence of factors acting at different scales, from local factors driving herbivory and plant defences to historical processes and regional drivers of species composition determining species traits and their interactions.
A qualitative study of the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) on psychological and financial wellbeing and engagement in care among men who have sex with men living with HIV in Thailand
Authors: Nitpolprasert Chattiya , Anand Tarandeep , Phanuphak Nittaya , Reiss Peter , Ananworanich Jintanat , Peay Holly Landrum 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic is an unprecedented event with massive global health and socio‐economic impacts on vulnerable populations, especially people living with HIV. The epidemic has severely affected Thailand’s economy and potentially impacted the financial and psychological wellbeing of Thai HIV‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsBetween 15 June and 10 December 2020, we conducted qualitative interviews with 26 MSM living with HIV in Thailand who participate in an Adam’s Love We Care Study. We intentionally recruited individuals who may have experienced a greater impact of COVID‐19. Interviews explored worry, stigma and stress surrounding COVID‐19, and multiple domains of potential COVID‐19 impact: financial/employment, HIV service delivery and antiretroviral (ART) adherence during the first 10 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsParticipants perceived themselves as immunocompromised and susceptible, and feared contracting COVID‐19. Participants worried that contracting COVID‐19 would lead to HIV status disclosure and stigmatization. Participants had considerable worry about job loss as a result of the economic downturn, and some shared challenges associated with relocation and re‐engaging with HIV care. Financial stress and lack of basic necessities caused by job losses were commonly reported. Participants reported optimal ART adherence as a consequence of local HIV service delivery responses, convenient ART refills and Adam’s Love online support interventions.ConclusionsOur study highlights that the COVID‐19 pandemic produced high levels of anxiety and concerns about additional stigma among MSM living with HIV. It had a significant negative effect on the daily lives of our participants. These findings indicate a need for the provision of confidential COVID‐19 diagnosis and care, relief programmes, vaccination roll‐out equity, and addressing employment needs of vulnerable populations.
Mapping women's involvement in family firms: A review based on bibliographic coupling analysis
Authors: Maseda Amaia , Iturralde Txomin , Cooper Sarah , Aparicio Gloria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite advances in recognizing women's influence in all spheres of life, society has not fully acknowledged women's role and influence in business. To address this gap, this review aims to map research on women's involvement in family firms (WIFF), the most common form of business entity worldwide, which appears to provide an enabling environment for women to act as leaders and entrepreneurs. First, through a systematic process, we select 225 papers identified from the Web of Science database and perform a bibliographic coupling analysis that explores the WIFF dataset with the support of clustering algorithms. The results of the review reveal five thematic clusters: (1) female entrepreneurs and family firms; (2) women in family‐firm governance; (3) family–business dynamics; (4) women in business succession; and (5) temporal and spatial dimensions of women's involvement. Second, we supplement the bibliometric analysis with a review of the literature, which enhances understanding of the research topics and theoretical perspectives adopted, helping to develop an integrative framework and formulate new research questions that support the development of this promising field of research. Thus, this review provides a robust roadmap for further investigation of key issues in the field, which can help academics, policymakers and practitioners.
A novel raffinose biological pathway is observed by symbionts of cotton≡Verticillium dahliae to improve salt tolerance genetically on cotton
Authors: Cui Ruifeng , Lu Xuke , Chen Xiugui , Malik Waqar Afzal , Wang Delong , Wang Junjuan , Wang Shuai , Guo Lixue , Chen Chao , Wang Xiaoge , Wang Xinlei , Dai Maohua , Ye Wuwei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVerticillium dahliae is a soil‐borne, phytopathogenic fungus that causes Verticillium wilt in cotton. Salt tolerance of cotton plants suffering from Verticillium wilt was significantly improved, but the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we built a symbiont named Cotton≡VD by immersing cotton plant roots into Verticillium dahliae liquid for four days. This resulted in a strong interaction between hyphae and the cotton roots. Under NaCl treatment for 24 h, the Cotton≡VD displayed less leaf wilting and improved root growth compared with the control. Biochemical tests of SOD, POD and CAT showed significant overexpression in Cotton≡VD compared with CK. RNA‐seq data analysis of Cotton≡VD indicated a novel ‘galactose metabolism pathway’ in the KEGG database, in which two key genes, GolS2 and RFS5, were significantly differentially expressed. Symbiotic metabolites inositol galactosyl could be transformed into raffinose to scavenge free radicals and participate in plant osmotic regulation to alleviate salt stress in Cotton≡VD. Functional analysis indicated that silencing of the target gene GhRFS (RFS5) led to a decrease of raffinose content and salt tolerance as compared with CK. Cotton≡VD can significantly improve cotton seedling salt tolerance through improving raffinose content, providing new insights into the salt tolerance mechanism and new salt‐tolerant material in the future.
Multiple‐generation seed maturity effects on seedling vigour in a production environment
Authors: Song Yangyang , Tseng Yu‐Chien , Rowland Diane L. , Tillman Barry L. , Wilson Chris H. , Sarnoski Paul J. , Zurweller Brendan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMaturity is not only critical for vigour and other seed quality characteristics but also impacts the subsequent plant performance. If these impacts on the subsequent plant are long lasting, the potential to produce vigorous, mature seed may also be affected. This scenario lends itself to the concept of seed maturity memory (SMM) – an understanding of how seed maturity may impact subsequent generations of plants and the vigour of the seeds with different maturity they produce. This study aimed to assess the existence and perpetuation of SMM in peanut, with an emphasis on early seedling vigour. Field physiological measurements and bioassay assessments were carried out on the second generation (G2) and third generation (G3) of peanut seeds with distinct parental maturity backgrounds. Our results suggested maintaining mature seed in both prior and offspring generations helped maintain high seed vigour in subsequent generations. The SMM effects varied between cultivars, with TUFRunner™ ‘727’ exhibiting SMM, whereas FloRun™ ‘107’ did not show SMM in the effects from first generation (G1) to G2 maturities. Overall, a seed resulting from parental plants established from immature seed somewhere in their pedigree was less vigorous than that maintained mature seeds in their pedigree. However, patterns of possible SMM were not always consistent, which could be partially attributed to differing environmental conditions each generation of seed experienced during development. These results highlight the importance of maintaining mature seeds in agricultural production and bring up the issue of ensuring seed maturity consistency during stress memory research assessing vigour characteristics.
miR‐363‐3p induces EMT via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in glioma cells by targeting CELF2
Authors: Fan Bo , Su Bolun , Song Guoqiang , Liu Xin , Yan Zhongjie , Wang Shuai , Hu Fuguang , Yang Jiankai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn our previous study, we reported that CELF2 has a tumour‐suppressive function in glioma. Here, we performed additional experiments to elucidate better its role in cancer. The expression profile of CELF2 was analysed by the GEPIA database, and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate the overall survival rates. Four different online databases were used to predict miRNAs targeting CELF2, and the luciferase assay was performed to identify the binding site. The biological effects of miR‐363‐3p and CELF2 were also investigated in vitro using MTT, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Western blotting, qPCR, and TOP/FOP flash dual‐luciferase assays were performed to investigate the impact of miR‐363‐3p and CELF2 on epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The effect of miR‐363‐3p was also tested in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. We observed an abnormal expression pattern of CELF2 in glioma cells, and higher CELF2 expression correlated with better prognosis. We identified miR‐363‐3p as an upstream regulator of CELF2 and confirmed its direct binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of CELF2. Cell function experiments showed that miR‐363‐3p affected multiple aspects of glioma cells. Suppressing miR‐363‐3p expression inhibited glioma cell proliferation and invasion, as well as promoted cell death via attenuating EMT and blocking the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. These effects could be abolished by the downregulation of CELF2. Treatment with ASO‐miR‐363‐3p decreased tumour size and weight in nude mice. In conclusion, miR‐363‐3p induced the EMT, which resulted in increased migration and invasion and reduced apoptosis in glioma cell lines, via the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by targeting CELF2.