bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial dependency of soil chemicals in production systems in the anthropogenic dark earth
Authors: Soares Marcelo Dayron Rodrigues , de Souza Zigomar Menezes , Campos Milton César Costa , Tavares Rose Luiza Moraes , da Cunha José Maurício 
Published: April 2021

In general, anthrosols refer to anthropic soils of high fertility, but the concentration of these nutrients may vary according to the occupation of indigenous people in the past or due to current soil use. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of the chemical attributes of the soil in areas of guandu bean production and pasture and to compare with natural forest systems on anthropogenic dark earth (ADE). For this assessment, 88 sampling points were selected in the area with natural forest vegetation and pasture and 90 sampling points in an area of guandu bean production. Soil samples were collected from layers 0.00–0.05, 0.05–0.10, and 0.10–0.20 m. Chemical analyses of the soil were conducted to determine organic matter, pH, aluminium, soil acidity, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation-exchange capacity, sum of bases, and base saturation (V%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistics to sample range, and sample density was estimated for each attribute. Guandu bean showed high content of soil organic matter in relation to pasture in the superficial layer (0.00–0.05 m). Based on sample density, lower variability and higher spatial continuity were observed for guandu bean in relation to pasture and natural forest in the layers of 0.00–0.05 and 0.05–0.10 m. It was found that the use and continuous management of ADE areas alter the content and distribution of soil fertility and, in some cases, may even improve chemical attributes when compared with areas not used with agricultural crops.
Wood-based biochar for small fruit production in southern Quebec, Canada
Authors: Shang Xuan , Hung Chih-Yu , Husk Barry , Orsat Valérie , Whalen Joann K. 
Published: April 2021

The market for small fruits (grapes, blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries) is valued at more than $100 million CAD per year in Quebec, Canada. Wood-based biochar is an amendment that improves soil quality, which may boost small fruit growth and production. The objective of this research was to determine if wood-based biochar could increase the yield and quality of grape, blueberry, strawberry, and raspberry in southern Quebec. We evaluated the fruit yield as well as the quality parameters like average fruit weight, fruit firmness, color, juice pH, total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Field trials were established on commercial farms with grape, blueberry, strawberry, and raspberry production systems in plots that received wood-based biochar and no biochar in spring (April–May). Small fruits were harvested at their ripening stage for yield and quality evaluation in the fall (July–October). Biochar application did not improve yield and quality parameters of small fruits, except it gave a marginally higher yield of grape (3.7 vs. 4.4 t·ha−1, P = 0.08) and a higher average fruit weight of strawberry (11.9 vs. 13.2 g, P < 0.05). There was no difference in the quality of the fruit from biochar-amended and control plots in the first year of biochar application, possibly because the quality parameters are affected more by weather conditions, handling, and storage than by soil quality. This work suggests that wood-based biochar (<5 t·ha−1) has a limited first-year impact on small fruit yield and quality in southern Quebec, Canada.
Hierarchical-environment-assisted non-Markovian and its effect on thermodynamic properties
Authors: Li Yongwei , Li Lei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider a microscopic collision model, i.e., a quantum system interacts with a hierarchical environment consisting of an auxiliary system and a reservoir. We show how the non-Markovian character of the system is influenced by the coupling strength of system-auxiliary system and auxiliary system-reservoir, coherence of environment and initial system-environment correlations. And we study the non-Markovianity induced by coherence of environment from the perspective of energy, further the relationship between information backflow and energy flux is obtained. Then we study the effect of non-Markovianity on thermodynamic properties. By studying the entropy change of system especially that from heat exchanges with the environment, we reveal the essence of entropy change between positive and negative values during non-Markovian evolution is due to the contribution of heat flux induced by coherence. And compared with the case of Markovian dynamics, we observe that the entropy production decreases in some specific time intervals under non-Markovian dynamics induced by the coupling strength. And this is different to the case of non-Markovianity caused by initial system-environment correlation, that we show the possibility of positive entropy production during the whole dynamics.
Magnetic hysteresis in the first order adiabatic phase transition of mesoscopic-size Type I superconductors
Authors: Keefe Peter D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMacroscopic and mesoscopic-size Type I superconductors exhibit a first order phase transition in H–T space. For specimens undergoing an adiabatic phase transition, the latent heat is supplied or absorbed by the normal regime. This process, the magneto-caloric effect, proceeds isentropically and for macroscopic-size specimens, through an intermediate state of superconductive and normal phase domains. For mesoscopic-size specimens, the intermediate state is precluded in view the specimen dimension and the range of coherence are commensurate. John Bardeen proposed the appearance of magnetic hysteresis prior to phase nucleation for the phase transition to proceed isentropically. This paper shows Bardeen’s magnetic hysteresis is a consequence of positive interphase boundary surface energy.
Optimized design of silver nanoparticles for broadband and high efficiency light trapping in thin film solar cells
Authors: Wang Zhiye , Wang Shuying , Jiang Yue , Zhou Hua , Tuokedaerhan Kamale , Chen Yanhua , Shen Xiangqian 
Published: April 2021

This paper reports a high-efficiency approach to improve the photoelectric-conversion efficiency of thin-film solar cells by plasmonic scattering and local near-field amplification of silver nanoparticles. We employ a three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic model and use the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and rigorously coupled-wave analysis methods to investigate the interaction of light with such a metallic particle. The numerical results show that the absorption and scattering spectra depend upon the properties of the embedded particles and the refractive index of the surrounding material. Strong redshifts and high-order modes are observed in the response spectrum with the increase of the particle size and the refractive index of the surrounding material. With an optimized design having [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] nm, the performance of cell device is improved over a broad spectral range. Moreover, some of the absorption, in the resonance region, is beyond the Yablonovitch limit. The corresponding light-generated photocurrent is increased from 14.2 mA/cm2 to 18.3 mA/cm2, with a 28.9% enhancement compared with conventional cells with antireflective coatings (ARCs).
A Práxis na Psicologia Social Comunitária e nas Políticas Públicas (ou sobre seu sentido político)
Authors: Furlan Vinícius 
Published: April 2021

O projeto utópico da Psicologia Social Crítica, desde sua emergência, busca apontar os caminhos para a emancipação humana, bem como se sustenta em sentidos originais e premissas da forma crítica que encontra seu principal valor num conceito nodal: a práxis; que caracteriza seu duplo télos: crítico e político. Em seu telós político se insere no trabalho com grupos junto a comunidades subalternas no horizonte dos processos de conscientização, luta política e elevação das relações solidárias e de sujeitos de direitos. Não obstante a inserção da Psicologia Social no âmbito das Políticas Públicas expresse seu interesse na dinâmica dos modos de intervenção social, ainda calhe a indagação acerca do sentido desta inserção: compromisso ético-político ou demanda de mercado?T têm-se observado a predominância do trabalho da psicologia social tem se dado dentro de instituições e políticas públicas, as quais definem uma série de técnicas burocráticas para o trabalho psicossocial, que pretendem intervenções direcionadas aos interesses do Estado e da lógica capitalista, bem como tais trabalhos não partem da premissa da organização de relações grupais e conscientização das classes subalternas, mas da necessidade de atendimento de alto contingente de usuários, o que, por sua vez, torna as práticas psicossociais e comunitárias de caráter estritamente pragmático, objetivista e tecnocrático, e o axioma das práticas enquanto práxis possível se circunscreve como significante atópico.
Uma Epistemologia das Políticas Públicas: elementos para a ação pública
Authors: Godoy Iván Flores 
Published: April 2021

Uma Epistemologia das Políticas Públicas: elementos para a ação pública
An Epistemology of Public Policy: elements for public action
Una Epistemologia de las Políticas Públicas: elementos para la acción pública
Une Épistémologie de la Politique Publique: éléments pour l'action publique

Obra: Políticas Públicas Formulación, implementación y evaluación
Autor: André-Noël Roth Deubel
Idioma: Espanhol
Cidade: Bogotá
Editora: Aurora
Ano: 2002
14ª edição: 2019
Páginas: 296
ISBN-13: 978-958-9136-15-7
Oxygen Pathway Limitations in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Howden Erin J. , Ruiz-Carmona Sergio , Claeys Mathias , De Bosscher Ruben , Willems Rik , Meyns Bart , Verbelen Tom , Maleux Geert , Godinas Laurent , Belge Catharina , Bogaert Jan , Claus Piet , La Gerche Andre , Delcroix Marion , Claessen Guido 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Exertional intolerance is a limiting and often crippling symptom in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Traditionally the pathogenesis has been attributed to central factors, including ventilation/perfusion mismatch, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and right heart dysfunction and uncoupling. Pulmonary endarterectomy and balloon pulmonary angioplasty provide substantial improvement of functional status and hemodynamics. However, despite normalization of pulmonary hemodynamics, exercise capacity often does not return to age-predicted levels. By systematically evaluating the oxygen pathway, we aimed to elucidate the causes of functional limitations in patients with CTEPH before and after pulmonary vascular intervention.

Methods:

Using exercise cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with simultaneous invasive hemodynamic monitoring, we sought to quantify the steps of the O
2
transport cascade from the mouth to the mitochondria in patients with CTEPH (n=20) as compared with healthy participants (n=10). Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of pulmonary vascular intervention (pulmonary endarterectomy or balloon angioplasty) on the individual components of the cascade (n=10).

Results:

Peak V
o
2
(oxygen uptake) was significantly reduced in patients with CTEPH relative to controls (56±17 versus 112±20% of predicted;
P
<0.0001). The difference was attributable to impairments in multiple steps of the O
2
cascade, including O
2
delivery (product of cardiac output and arterial O
2
content), skeletal muscle diffusion capacity, and pulmonary diffusion. The total O
2
extracted in the periphery (ie, ΔAV
o
2
[arteriovenous O
2
content difference]) was not different. After pulmonary vascular intervention, peak V
o
2
increased significantly (from 12.5±4.0 to 17.8±7.5 mL/[kg·min];
P
=0.036) but remained below age-predicted levels (70±11%). The O
2
delivery was improved owing to an increase in peak cardiac output and lung diffusion capacity. However, peak exercise ΔAV
o
2
was unchanged, as was skeletal muscle diffusion capacity.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated that patients with CTEPH have significant impairment of all steps in the O
2
use cascade, resulting in markedly impaired exercise capacity. Pulmonary vascular intervention increased peak V
o
2
by partly correcting O
2
delivery but had no effect on abnormalities in peripheral O
2
extraction. This suggests that current interventions only partially address patients’ limitations and that additional therapies may improve functional capacity.
Sonifying Data from the Human Microbiota: Biota Beats
Authors: Kim Charles , Guo Alexandria , Salhotra Gautam , Sprinkhuizen Sara , Shetty Keerthi , Kong David Sun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article presents a musical interface that enables the sonification of data from the human microbiota, the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the human body, into sound and music. The project is concerned with public engagement in science, particularly the life sciences, and developing cultivation technologies that take advantage of the ubiquitous and accessible nature of the human microbiota. In this article we examine the collaboration between team members proficient in musical composition and those with expertise in biology, sonification, and data visualization, producing an individualized piece of music designed to capture basic biological data and user attention. Although this system, called Biota Beats, sonifies ubiquitous data for educational science projects, it also establishes a connection between individuals and their bodies and between a community and its context through interactive music experiences, while attempting to make the science of the human microbiome more accessible. The science behind standardizing sonified data for scientific, human analysis is still in development (in comparison to charts, graphs, spectrograms, or other types of data visualization). So a more artistic approach, using the framework of musical genres and their associated themes and motifs, is a convenient and previously established way to capitalize on how people naturally perceive sound. Further, to forge a creative connection between the human microbiota and the music genre, a philosophical shift is necessary, that of viewing the human body and the digital audio workstation as ubiquitous computers.
Infant functional networks are modulated by state of consciousness and circadian rhythm
Authors: Smith Rachel J. , Alipourjeddi Ehsan , Garner Cristal , Maser Amy L. , Shrey Daniel W. , Lopour Beth A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Functional connectivity networks are valuable tools for studying development, cognition, and disease in the infant brain. In adults, such networks are modulated by the state of consciousness and the circadian rhythm; however, it is unknown if infant brain networks exhibit similar variation, given the unique temporal properties of infant sleep and circadian patterning. To address this, we analyzed functional connectivity networks calculated from long-term EEG recordings (average duration 20.8 hr) from 19 healthy infants. Networks were subject specific, as intersubject correlations between weighted adjacency matrices were low. However, within individual subjects, both sleep and wake networks were stable over time, with stronger functional connectivity during sleep than wakefulness. Principal component analysis revealed the presence of two dominant networks; visual sleep scoring confirmed that these corresponded to sleep and wakefulness. Lastly, we found that network strength, degree, clustering coefficient, and path length significantly varied with time of day, when measured in either wakefulness or sleep at the group level. Together, these results suggest that modulation of healthy functional networks occurs over ∼24 hr and is robust and repeatable. Accounting for such temporal periodicities may improve the physiological interpretation and use of functional connectivity analysis to investigate brain function in health and disease.
Extractive Opinion Summarization in Quantized Transformer Spaces
Authors: Angelidis Stefanos , Amplayo Reinald Kim , Suhara Yoshihiko , Wang Xiaolan , Lapata Mirella 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present the Quantized Transformer (QT), an unsupervised system for extractive opinion summarization. QT is inspired by Vector- Quantized Variational Autoencoders, which we repurpose for popularity-driven summarization. It uses a clustering interpretation of the quantized space and a novel extraction algorithm to discover popular opinions among hundreds of reviews, a significant step towards opinion summarization of practical scope. In addition, QT enables controllable summarization without further training, by utilizing properties of the quantized space to extract aspect-specific summaries. We also make publicly available Space, a large-scale evaluation benchmark for opinion summarizers, comprising general and aspect-specific summaries for 50 hotels. Experiments demonstrate the promise of our approach, which is validated by human studies where judges showed clear preference for our method over competitive baselines.
The History of Hemorrhagic Shock and Damage Control Resuscitation
Authors: Velez David R. 
Published: April 2021

The understanding and management of hemorrhagic shock have evolved significantly over the last 400 years. Injured patients in shock mandate immediate surgeon involvement. Every graduating surgical resident and every surgeon taking trauma call should thoroughly understand the concepts of damage control resuscitation and be prepared to care for these patients. This review seeks to revisit the history of hemorrhagic shock and the evolution of damage control resuscitation.
The Value of Additional Gravity Stress Radiographs for Decision Making in the Treatment of Isolated Type B Distal Fibular Fractures
Authors: van Leeuwen Claar A. T. , van Dorst Roderick W. J. J. , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger B. , Hoogendoorn Jochem M. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Prior to treatment decisions concerning isolated Weber type B ankle fractures, assessment of the stability of the ankle joint is mandatory. The gravity stress (GS) radiograph is a radiographic tool to determine stability. We hypothesized that this additional GS radiograph would lead to fewer operative treatments by applying the criterion of operative treatment when medial clear space (MCS) > superior clear space (SCS) + 2 mm on the GS radiograph, compared with the nonstressed mortise view criteria of advising operative treatment in case of MCS > SCS + 1 mm. Methods: This retrospective comparative cohort study analyzed 343 patients aged between 18 and 70 years with an isolated Weber type B ankle fracture diagnosed at the emergency department between January 2014 and December 2019. The cohort was divided into 2 groups based on whether an additional GS radiograph was performed. Group I consisted of 151 patients in whom a regular mortise and lateral radiograph were performed. Group II comprised 192 patients, with an additional GS radiograph. Primary outcome was type of treatment (conservative vs operative). Secondary outcomes were patient-reported functional outcomes and pain. Results: Baseline characteristics of both groups did not differ. In group I, surgery was performed in 60 patients (39.7%) compared with 108 patients (56.3%) in group II ( P = .002). In the operatively treated patients, the mean MCS on regular mortise view was significantly smaller in patients in whom an additional GS radiograph was performed compared to patients without an additional GS radiograph (4.1 mm vs 5.2 mm, P < .001). Mean Olerud-Molander Ankle Score and mean visual analog scale (VAS) for pain did not differ significantly between groups I and II. Conclusions: Contrary to what was hypothesized, the introduction of an additional gravity stress radiograph, by which operative treatment was indicated if the MCS was wider than the SCS + 2 mm, did not result in reduced operative treatment of Weber type B ankle fractures when operative treatment was indicated for MCS > SCS + 1 mm on non-gravity stress radiographs. Level of Evidence: Level III: retrospective comparative study.
The Ability of Patients to Provide Standardized, Patient-Taken Photographs for the Remote Assessment of Dupuytren Disease
Authors: Irvine Esmee , Sayed Leela , Johnson Nick , Dias Joseph 
Published: April 2021

Background Clinical goniometry for the assessment of contracture in Dupuytren disease is time-consuming and costly, and there is no universal method for evaluating the severity of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of patient-taken photography for the remote assessment of Dupuytren disease. Methods Patients at our unit were provided with instructions on how to take standardized photographs of their diseased hand(s), which were subsequently analyzed by computer software to obtain formal measurements of the severity of disease. Compliance with photography instructions and ability to provide a photo of sufficient quality for analysis were measured. Results In all, 222 patients supplied photos for analysis; 158 patients (71.2%) were able to take the photographs as instructed. The remaining 28.8% took 1 or more of the images incorrectly or of insufficient quality. There were no statistically significant differences between those able to take the photos as directly versus those who took the photos incorrectly when compared by sex, age, or severity of disease. Conclusions Patient-taken photography used to estimate disease severity in Dupuytren disease is an achievable, efficient, and reliable method of remotely assessing and monitoring patients and may be increasingly useful given the current health care climate and preference for remote consultations.
Predictors of engaging in voluntary work during the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of data from 31,890 adults in the UK
Authors: Mak HW , Fancourt D 
Published: April 2021

Aims: As the COVID-19 pandemic has grown internationally, there has been an increased need for volunteers. This study aimed to identify the predictors of volunteering including demographic backgrounds, socio-economic characteristics, personality, and psychosocial factors. Methods: Data were analysed from 31,890 adults in the UK COVID-19 Social Study run by the University College London – a longitudinal study focusing on the psychological and social experiences of adults living in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tetrachoric factor analysis was applied to identify latent categories of voluntary work. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identity predictors for volunteering and change in volunteering behaviours since before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Three types of volunteering during the pandemic were identified as follows: formal volunteering, social action volunteering, and neighbourhood volunteering. Regression analysis showed that the pattern of voluntary work was structured by demographic backgrounds, socio-economic factors, personality, and psychosocial factors. Conclusion: The predictors of volunteering during the pandemic may be slightly different from other non-emergency period.