bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: necrotizing enterocolitis with a transverse colonic perforation in a 2-day old term neonate and literature review
Authors: Hudson Jo-Anna , Byrns Simon , Nizalik Elizabeth , Ferretti Emanuela 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), while classically discussed in preterm and low birth weight neonates, also occurs in the term infant and accounts for 10% of all NEC cases. Despite there being fewer reported cases of NEC in term infants, these presentations demonstrate differences in the onset, severity and risk factors from the classic presentation observed in premature infants. We present a novel case of term NEC that contravenes the reported literature making departures from clinical presentation, risk factors and location of perforation in an otherwise healthy term two-day old infant born after an uncomplicated pregnancy who presented with hematochezia.

Case presentation
A healthy term baby born after an uneventful pregnancy presented with bloody stool at 2 days of life who was otherwise well. Investigations revealed pneumoperitoneum from a large proximal transverse colonic perforation secondary to NEC. No typical risk factors for NEC were found.

Conclusion
Given the life-threatening potential of an unrecognized perforation we recommend the inclusion of NEC on the differential for neonatal hematochezia.
Doping practices in international weightlifting: analysis of sanctioned athletes/support personnel from 2008 to 2019 and retesting of samples from the 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games
Authors: Kolliari-Turner Alexander , Oliver Brian , Lima Giscard , Mills John P. , Wang Guan , Pitsiladis Yannis , Guppy Fergus M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The pervasiveness of doping and findings of anti-doping corruption threaten weightlifting’s position at the 2024 Olympic Games. Analysing the practices of doping in weightlifters could identify patterns in doping that assist in future detection.

Methods
We analysed publicly available data on sanctioned athletes/support personnel from the International Weightlifting Federation between 2008 and 2019 and announced retrospective Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) from the 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games.

Results
There were 565 sanctions between 2008 and 2019 of which 82% related to the detection of exogenous Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) metabolites and markers indicating endogenous AAS usage. The detection of exogenous AAS metabolites, markers of endogenous AAS usage and other substance metabolites varied by IWF Continental Federation (p ≤ 0.05) with Europe (74%, 11%, 15%) and Asia (70%, 15%, 15%) showing a higher detection of exogenous AAS compared to Pan America (37%, 30%, 33%) and Africa (50%, 17%, 33%). When looking at the 10 most detected substances, the nations with the highest number of sanctions (range 17–35) all had at least one overrepresented substance that accounted for 38–60% of all detected substances. The targeted re-analysis of samples from the 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games due to the discovery of long-term metabolites for exogenous AAS resulted in 61 weightlifters producing retrospective ADRVs. This includes 34 original medallists (9 gold, 10 silver and 15 bronze), the highest of any sport identified by Olympic Games sample re-testing. The exogenous AAS dehydrochloromethyltestosterone and stanozolol accounted for 83% of detected substances and were present in 95% of these samples.

Conclusion
Based on these findings of regional differences in doping practices, weightlifting would benefit from the targeted testing of certain regions and continuing investment in long-term sample storage as the sensitivity and specificity of detection continues to improve.
Laparoscopic treatment of isolated superficial peritoneal endometriosis for managing chronic pelvic pain in women: study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial (ESPriT1)
Authors: Whitaker Lucy H. R. , Doust Ann , Stephen Jacqueline , Norrie John , Cooper Kevin , Daniels Jane , Hummelshoj Lone , Cox Emma , Beatty Laura , Chien Patrick , Madhra Mayank , Vincent Katy , Horne Andrew W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Endometriosis (where endometrial-like tissue is found outside the uterus) affects ~ 176 million women worldwide and can lead to debilitating pelvic pain. Three subtypes of endometriosis exist, with ~ 80% of women having superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SPE). Endometriosis is diagnosed by laparoscopy and, if SPE is found, gynaecologists usually remove it surgically. However, many women get limited pain relief from surgical removal of SPE. We plan to undertake a future large trial where women who have only SPE found at initial laparoscopy are randomly allocated to have surgical removal (excision or ablation) of SPE, or not. Ultimately, we want to determine whether surgical removal improves overall symptoms and quality of life, or whether surgery is of no benefit, exacerbates symptoms, or even causes harm. The primary objective of this feasibility study is to determine what proportion of women with suspected SPE undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy will agree to randomisation. The secondary objectives are to determine if there are differences in key prognostic parameters between eligible women that agree to be randomised and those that decline; how many women having laparoscopy for investigation of chronic pelvic pain are eligible for the trial; the range of treatment effects and variability in outcomes and the most acceptable methods of recruitment, randomisation and assessment tools.

Methods
We will recruit up to 90 women with suspected SPE undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy over a 9-month recruitment period in four Scottish hospitals and randomise them 1:1 to either diagnostic laparoscopy alone (with a sham port to achieve blinding of the allocation) or surgical removal of endometriosis. Baseline characteristics, e.g. age, index of social deprivation, ethnicity, and intensity/duration of pain will be collected. Participants will be followed up by online questionnaires assessing pain, physical and emotional function at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months.

Discussion
Recruitment to a randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of surgery for endometriosis may be challenging because of preconceived ideas about treatment success amongst patients and clinicians. We have designed this study to assess feasibility of recruitment and to inform the design of our future definitive trial.

Trial registration
ClincicalTrials.gov, NCT04081532

Status
Recruiting
Implementation and validation of an in-house combined fluorescein/media-fill test to qualify radiopharmacy operators
Authors: Fersing Cyril , Deshayes Emmanuel , Langlet Sarah , Calas Laurence , Lisowski Vincent , Kotzki Pierre Olivier 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this work was to design, validate and implement a media-fill test combined with fluorescein (MFT-F) for the specific qualification and training of radiopharmacy operators, in accordance with United States Pharmacopeia General Chapter 797 and European Good Manufacturing Practices. MFT-F was embedded in the quality management system of our radiopharmacy unit. Its validation involved fluorescein concentration choice, media growth promotion test and evaluation protocol controls (with or without intentional aseptic mistakes). Each operator was evaluated following a three-part evaluation form. Evaluation criteria related to garbing and hygiene, fluorescent contamination and bacteriological contamination (pre- and post-evaluation environment controls and MFT-F samples). Combined MFT-F allowed the assessment of aseptic compounding skills and non-contamination of the working area through a single evaluation. It was also designed to fit the constraints of radiopharmacy common practice related to radiation protection equipment and to the small volumes handled.

Results
A 0.01% fluorescein concentration was chosen to prepare MFT-F. Addition of fluorescein in the culture medium did not jeopardize its growth properties according to growth promotion test. Eleven operators were evaluated and carried out 3 MFT-F over 3 successive days. Pre- and post-evaluation bacteriological controls of every session showed no CFU of microbiological contaminant above 5. All operators validated the garbing and hygiene evaluation, with an average score of 92.7%. All operators validated the fluorescent contamination evaluation, with an average score of 29.4 out of 30. None of the MFT-F samples showed any visible bacterial growth after incubation.

Conclusions
Combined MFT-F, as a part of a comprehensive sterile compounding training program, appeared as a convenient and promising tool to increase both the sterile compounding safety and awareness of radioactive contamination in radiopharmacy.
Native isolates of Trichoderma as bio-suppressants against sheath blight and stem rot pathogens of rice
Authors: Chinnaswami Kannan , Mishra Divya , Miriyala Anila , Vellaichamy Prakasam , Kurubar Basavaraj , Gompa Jasudasu , Madamsetty Srinivas Prasad , Raman Meenakshi Sundaram 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Species belonging to the genus Trichoderma are considered as one of the most potential biocontrol agents which can be readily collected from soil and found effective against various fungal and bacterial diseases. In rice-growing areas, the major fungal pathogens affecting rice production include Rhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight and Sclerotium oryzae causing stem rot disease of rice. Due to the lack of resistant varieties and detrimental effects of chemicals, biocontrol gives a good opportunity to manage the diseases efficiently in a sustainable manner.

Main body
Trichoderma spp. from native rice rhizosphere soil were examined for their antagonistic efficiency to supress the two soil-borne rice pathogens, viz., R. solani and S. oryzae. Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterisation of the isolates led to the identification of species as T. asperellum. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found to be positive to IAA release and phosphate solubilisation and were screened against R. solani and S. oryzae in vitro and in vivo in pots under glass house conditions. Regression analysis indicated a positive correlation between the amount of chlamydospores produced by T. asperellum and their antagonistic potential against the two pathogens. Exposure to external stimuli, viz., light, injury and nitrogen sources in culture media triggered increased conidiation in Trichoderma isolates. Among the four isolates studied, Trichoderma asperellum IIRRCK1 (TAIK-1) was found to be the most effective in improving plant growth in rice and highly antagonistic against R. solani and S. oryzae. Sorghum grain was found to be the most suitable among different organic substrates studied to provide better growth and viability of TAIK-1 and improved the efficiency of the seed treatment and soil application. External stimuli in the form of near UV blue light, mechanical injury to the colonies and nitrogen source added to the culture media help in faster conidiation of Trichoderma.

Conclusion
Strain TAIK-1 showed strong competitive and antagonistic activities against fungal soil-borne pathogens, in addition with promoting healthy growth and development of rice plants. This can be a suitable and safe alternative to chemical management in the rice fields for long-term scenario.
Shaping of sustainable citizenship among young people of Kulhudhuffushi, Maldives and Hamilton, New Zealand: context, conditions and experiences
Authors: Jaufar Shaaliny 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Engagement of young people is essential for achieving sustainable outcomes both locally and in the global context. Democratic processes appear to be the most facilitative mechanism to hold governments to account with governments becoming more receptive to pro-environmental policies when there is input from citizens to do so. While there is concern about a general lack of participation in traditional forms of political processes, particularly among young people, there are those who are carving a space for themselves as active citizens within a system that is often times contradictory to their lives. In this context, this paper looks at the lived experiences of a small sample of active young people in Kulhudhuffushi island of Maldives and Hamilton, New Zealand to examine the contexts and conditions that lead to and sustain these forms of sustainable citizenship.

Results
In-depth interviews conducted with young people in both locations found similarities within both groups in terms of motivating factors, knowledge and support networks, lifestyle practices, and conceptualisations of citizenship. Early exposure to natural environments, role models and participation in actions and networks helped to create active citizenship, while lack of conducive spaces and cultural attitudes impeded activism.

Conclusion
The results show that providing opportunities for early interactions with nature, and participation in actions and activist networks is vital for fostering and sustaining active citizenship. Additionally local and national groups and institutions need to facilitate spaces conducive for organising and alternative narratives, as well as promoting a counter culture to the current carbon heavy system. The findings contribute to literature on listening to youth voices in environmental and climate activism.
SARS-CoV-2 and the reproductive system: known and the unknown..!!
Authors: Sharma Indu , Kumari Priti , Sharma Anuradha , Saha Subhas Chandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 is the most recent zoonotic outbreak of coronaviruses. Mostly, it invades the cells of the respiratory system by binding to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is also present in other organs like the kidney, testis, ovaries, breast, heart, and intestine, rendering them prone to be infected. The reproductive potential is a must for the sustenance of any species and it is our prime duty to safeguard the reproductive system of the present generation from such a deadly virus. The previously reported coronaviruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) had a detrimental impact on reproductive organs. There is a dearth of sufficient research to provide substantial evidence for the harmful effects of this novel virus on the reproductive system. Hence, our review compiles the knowledge available until now to boost research in this regard and to take the necessary steps in time.Main body of abstractHere we tried to compile all the data available on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the reproductive system as well as vertical transmission of the virus. All related articles published from February to August 2020 were reviewed and thoroughly analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 has been found to affect the sperm concentration and motility, thus degrading the fertility of males. In females, it is suspected that this virus affects the oocyte quality and ovarian function, resulting in infertility or miscarriage. Traces of SARS-CoV-2 virus have also been found in the breast milk of the infected mothers and the semen of infected males. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has also been reported in some cases.ConclusionBased on the literature review, SARS-CoV-2 seems to have the potential of affecting both male and female reproductive tracts. This review brings together the findings and observations made in the area of reproductive health during the current pandemic. The reproductive system of the young population is preordained for subsequent disorders, infertility, reduced sperm count, and motility. Therefore, the research and medical practices should focus on possible vulnerability being posed by SARS-CoV-2 to the gametes and future generations. We, hereby, recommend close monitoring of young and pregnant COVID-19 patients concerning reproductive health with utmost priority.
The influence of infertility on sexual and marital satisfaction in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study
Authors: Taghavi Seyed-Abdolvahab , Aramesh Shahintaj , Azizi-Kutenaee Maryam , Allan Helen , Safarzadeh Tahereh , Taheri Mojgan , Salari Shohreh , Khashavi Zahra , Bazarganipour Fatemeh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate sexual and marital satisfaction in couples with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A case-control study was conducted on 90 couples with PCOS and 90 healthy couples as a control group. Three measures were used to evaluate sexual function and marital satisfaction: the female sexual function index (FSFI), the Larson sexual satisfaction, and the ENRICH marital satisfaction measures.

Results
The results of this study show that the mean scores of sexual function, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction were significantly lower in PCOS couples compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Infertility was reported as the strongest predictive factor for sexual function and marital satisfaction in couples with PCOS (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, sexual and marital satisfaction was lower in patients with PCOS and their partners.

Conclusion
Since infertility is the strongest predictive factor for the sexual health of couples with PCOS and sexual health is important in family health and marital life, sexual counseling may prove beneficial for these patients.
Renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor (RAT): a rare distinct entity with diagnostic challenges—a case report
Authors: Majumder Ankur , Phulware Ravi Hari , Ahuja Arvind , Singla Anurag , Kumar Pawan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRenal angiomyoadenomatous tumor (RAT) is a recently described rare renal neoplasm with variations in the presentation, gross, and microscopic findings, and having a benign course and good prognosis. It is characterized microscopically by the admixture of three components—epithelial cells arranged in tubules and nests, angiomyomatous stroma, and capillary-sized interconnecting vascular channels in close association with the epithelial cell clusters. Microscopically, these tumors can be confused with clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, mixed epithelial and stromal tumors, and angiomyolipoma. RAT differs from conventional clear cell carcinomas, which can rarely be associated with an identical leiomyomatosis stroma occasionally forming abortive vascular structures. RAT is a distinct morphologic entity, being different morphologically, immunohistochemically, and genetically from all renal tumors including conventional clear cell carcinoma and mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney.Case presentationHere, we report a case of a 21-year-old man with renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor, a rare neoplasm with only a few previous cases reported in the literature. Unlike our case, most tumors have been identified in middle-aged males; they present as well-circumscribed, encapsulated tan-brown masses with variably prominent cystic areas.ConclusionDiagnosis of RAT is challenging because of the rarity of the disease and common presenting symptoms to other renal pathology and is supplemented with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. A multidisciplinary team approach for diagnosis and management along with long-term follow-up are warranted.
Comparison between conventional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in predicting grade and stage of urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Settein Mohamed Magdy , Sobh Donia Mohamed , Eteba Salwa Mohamed , El-Diasty Tarek Abdelmoneim , Abouelkheir Rasha Taha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Urinary bladder cancer is the second most common neoplasm of the urinary tract. Tumor staging and regional disease spread are the strongest predictors of treatment outcome. Our study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of conventional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), using a 3T MR scanner, in grading and staging of urinary bladder cancer with histopathologic correlation.

Results
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of combined use of HR T2WI and DWI were better than using HR T2WI only to differentiate T1 stage from further stages (95%, 100%, and 98%, respectively). Differentiating organ confined bladder cancer (T1 and T2 stages) from tumors with extravesical extension was better when using both HR T2WI and DWI than using HR T2WI (accuracy 100% and 93%, respectively). Kappa agreement was better when using both HR T2WI and DWI than HR T2WI only (0.963 and 0.496 respectively). Grade III lesions showed statistically significant lower ADC values than grades I and II with ADC cut off value ≤ 0.95 × 10−3 mm2/s. No statistically significant difference was found in ADC values between transitional cell carcinoma (TSC) and other cell types.

Conclusion
Combined use of DWI and HR T2WI provides more accurate urinary bladder cancer staging and prediction of aggressiveness of certain histologic grade (GIII lesions) using ADC values. 3 T scanners have the potential to achieve higher diagnostic capability in evaluation of urinary bladder cancer.
Safety and efficacy of repeat Y90 radioembolization to the same hepatic arterial territory
Authors: Badar Wali , Van Ha Thuong , Zangan Steven , Navuluri Rakesh , Pillai Anjana , Baker Talia , Dalag Leonard , Han Ross , Ahmed Osman 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
To study the efficacy and safety of repeat transarterial radioembolization (TARE) to similar hepatic arterial territories.

Methods:
Between 3/2011 and 4/2019, 26 patients (25 males and 1 Female, Mean Age: 65 yo, SD: 11.7 yo, Range: 18–83.0 yo) received TARE with Y90 glass microspheres to treat recurrent or residual primary disease in similar hepatic arterial lobe or segments. Tumor response was evaluated by imaging using the modified-RECIST criteria. Incidence of RILD and adverse events were categorized by a standardized scale using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.0.

Results:
Mean cumulative activity after the first treatment was 2.50 GBq (SD:1.04 GBq, Range:0.61–4.93 GBq) and second treatment was 2.27 GBq (SD:1.01 GBq, Range:0.92–5.46 GBq). Mean interval time between initial and repeat treatments was 9.6 months (Range: 1–53 months). Tumor responses were complete, partial, or progression in 73% (n = 19/26), 23% (n = 6/26), and 4% (n = 1/26) in repeat treatment patients, respectively. The incidence of RILD was 0%. Toxicity after first and second treatment was seen in 19% (n = 5/26) & 23% (n = 6/26) patients, respectively, and were all of CTCAE Grade 2. No significant predictors of treatment toxicity for repeat treatment were identified except increased MELD score (p = 0.04). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis in patients with repeat treatment showed a median survival of 15.0 months (95% CI 8.8–21.1 months) and 19.0 months (95% CI 8.1–29.9 months) in patients who only received one treatment with a p value of 0.485.

Conclusion:
Repeat TARE with glass microspheres was an effective and safe treatment strategy for disease management in patients with residual or recurrent disease to the similar hepatic arterial territories without any major treatment related toxicity.

Advances in knowledge:
Although safety and efficacy of repeat radioembolism has been studied, no study has focused on repeat treatment to similar hepatic arterial territories. The current study shows that repeat treatment to the same hepatic arterial territory is as safe as single treatment to the same territory.