bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the mechanical-mathematical model of grain mass separation in a fluidized bed
Authors: Bredykhin Vadym , Gurskyi Petro , Alfyorov Oleksiy , Bredykhina Khrystyna , Pak Andrey 
Published: July 2021

This paper has substantiated the prospect of modeling the processes of separating grain mass into fractions as one of the tasks in the production of high-quality seed material. It has been determined that this could optimize the parameters of separation processes and design new working surfaces for its implementation. It is noted that modeling should take into consideration the influence of the structural and kinematic parameters of grain cleaning machines, the physical and mechanical properties of raw materials, the intralayer processes and forces.
The reported theoretical study has improved the mechanical-mathematical model of grain mass separation in a pseudo-fluidized bed according to its density. The model establishes a relationship between the effective coefficient of dynamic viscosity and the density of particles in the discrete and continuous phases and the volumetric concentration of discrete phase particles. At the same time, the porosity of a fluidized bed has been accounted for, as well as the longitudinal and transverse angles of inclination of the base surface to the horizontal plane, the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the particles of the continuous phase; the direction angle of oscillations relative to the perpendicular to the base surface.
The adequacy of the improved mechanical-mathematical model has been confirmed by comparing the experimental and theoretical results of grain mass fractionation modeling. It was found that the differences in the density values of the separated fractions of GM did not exceed 7...8 %, that is, they were within the margin of error.
It has been established that the improved model of grain mass separation in a fluidized bed could be used to determine the rational values for the parameters of a pneumatic sorting table that is used for the fractionation of the corresponding seed material. The initial data, in this case, are the density of the continuous and solid phases of grain mass, the friction coefficient of the seeds, and the equivalent radius of the particle. The result of modeling is the rational values of the amplitude and oscillation frequency of the working surface of the pneumatic sorting table, and the angles of inclination of the working surface
Design of an auger thermo-radiation dryer for drying plant-derived pomace
Authors: Herasymenko Tetiana , Silchenko Katerina , Hotvianska Anna , Kyrsanova Galyna , Budnyk Nina , Kainash Alla , Polozhyshnikova Lyudmila , Taraymovich Iryna 
Published: July 2021

This paper reports the improved model design of an auger thermo-radiation dryer for drying plant-derived pomace under a low-temperature mode (35...80 °C) to the resulting moisture content at the level of 8...13 % of solids. The dryer has an adjustable speed of auger rotation (3...4 min–1), of airflow (0.05...0.09 m/s), and is characterized by the uniform distribution of heat flux. It is equipped with an energy-saving two-circuit complex that utilizes secondary energy to heat primary air from 21.1 °C to 28.9 °C. The use of Peltier elements, installed at the heating technical surface of the dryer's auger, makes it possible to convert thermal energy into a low-voltage supply voltage for the autonomous supercharger and exhaust fans.
The duration of pomace drying in the model structure of the auger thermo-radiation dryer has been determined, in particular tomato pomace, with an initial content of 75 % of solids, which is 107 min. For apple pomace whose starting content of solids is 65 %, it is 98 min. For comparison, the duration of the convective drying of tomato pomace (75 % of solids) is 120 minutes. The drying was carried out at a temperature of 60 °C to the resulting moisture content of 10...12 % of solids. Organoleptic evaluation on the example of tomato pomace confirms the effectiveness of structural solutions in the auger dryer compared to the convective technique.
The results reported in this study could create conditions for the further design and implementation of the proposed structure of thermo-radiation dryer for drying plant-derived pomace involving an altered heat supply technique and the utilization of secondary energy. The designed structure of the device makes it possible to process and preserve the quality properties of plant-derived pomace, allowing the use of this product for a wide range of foodstuffs
Devising manufacturing techniques to control the process of zonal segregation in large steel ingots
Authors: Narivskij Anatolij , Nuradinov Abdi , Nuradinov Ibrahim 
Published: July 2021

A method of physical modeling was applied to study the effect of external actions on the processes of crystallization and the formation of the structure of ingots. A brief review of existing hypotheses about the evolution of physical, structural, and chemical heterogeneities in large steel ingots is given. The parameters of the structure and the two-phase zone have been determined, as well as the nature of the distribution of segregated materials along the cross-section of ingots, depending on the conditions of their curing. The decisive importance of convective and capillary mass transfer in the interdendritic channels of hardening ingots on the formation of a zonal heterogeneity at their cross-section has been proven.
Experimentally, when crystallizing a model environment (camphene), it has been visually confirmed that the flow of segregated materials in interdendritic channels occurs when a certain amount of impurities accumulates in them. A clear dependence of the speed of this flow on the rate of melt crystallization has been established. With an increase of the hardened part of the melt, the rate of segregated material movement (Vl) increases while the rate of crystallization (R) decreases due to worsening heat release conditions. At a certain distance from the ingot’s surface, these rates become equal, and impurities are carried to the curing border, which is the main cause of the formation of zonal segregation.
The results reported here show that the evolution of zonal segregation in ingots can be controlled using various techniques involving external influence on the hardening melt. This study has demonstrated that the adjustable intensity of heat removal from an ingot, as well as the addition of external excess pressure on the hardening melt, could be used as such tools. In the study, to obtain ingots with a minimum level of chemical heterogeneity, it would suffice to provide the following conditions for the curing of the alloy: a value of the alloy crystallization speeds at the level of Rcr ≥ 9·10–2 mm/s, or external pressure on the free surface of ingots Рext. ≥ 135 kPa.
The industrial implementation of the reported results could make it possible to improve the technology of obtaining large blacksmith ingots, provide savings in materials and energy resources, increase the yield of a suitable metal, and improve its quality
Development of a mathematical model of vibratory non-lift movement of light seeds taking into account the aerodynamic forces and moments
Authors: Nikiforov Аnton , Nykyforova Аlina , Antoshchenkov Roman , Antoshchenkova Vitalina , Diundik Sergey , Mazanov Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

The modern practice of using vibratory machines when working with fine-size light-weight seeds is faced with such an undesirable phenomenon as the impact of aerodynamic forces and moments on the kinematics of vibrational movement of particles of the seed mixture fractions.
According to the results of scientific studies devoted to the solution of this problem, only mathematical models of vibrational movement are used, where the aerodynamic factor is taken into account as taking the seeds by airflow. This is typical only for cleaning modes with the rebound of seeds from the vibrating surface. Aerodynamic forces and moments are present in them only as a force of aerodynamic resistance. The action of lateral aerodynamic forces and their moments are not taken into account. Their consideration allows to extend the range of action of the aerodynamic factor on the modes of vibration cleaning (vibroseparation) without rebound (but with sliding and rolling) which are of greater interest in terms of improving the efficiency of processing fine-size seeds.
A mathematical model of seed vibration movement taking into account the action of a complete set of aerodynamic forces (dynamic resistance forces and lateral aerodynamic forces) and moments was proposed. This makes it possible to simulate non-lifting modes of vibrational movement of seeds. A system of algebraic equations that are linear with respect to the kinematic parameters of seed movement which was obtained by translating differential equations of movement into a finite-difference form was presented. The possibility of numerical solution of equations of movement by the Euler method was shown. The results of the evaluation of the model adequacy for the processes of vibration separation of tobacco seeds and false flax were presented. As shown by the results of calculations and experiments, the developed model provides an increase in the adequacy of the simulation results by 30 % in comparison with the model where the aerodynamic factor is not taken into account
Structural and microscopy characterization of an alternative low-energy binder containing Ca(OH)2 as an alkaline activator
Authors: Ramelan Aditianto , Nugroho Adhi Setyo , Indriati Teti , Rachmantyo Riska 
Published: July 2021

The development of potential alternative binders to Portland cement is still becoming a global challenge in housing and infrastructure aspects. That is because cement and concrete become the major materials needed in building constructions. The Ordinary Portland cement can form a solid and hard mass when mixed with water with a certain ratio. This is due to the formation of ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases that contribute to the strength of the hydrated products about 33–53 MPa. However, the manufacturing temperature of Portland cement can reach up to 1,500 °C in producing clinker. In order to lower the energy consumption and production cost, scientists were trying to utilize pozzolanic materials.
The research of pozzolanic materials as alkali-activated cement, such as soil cement or geopolymer cement, is also still conducted. Hence, a better understanding of pozzolanic reaction and its hydration products is needed. In this work, the hydration products of low-energy binders composed of Ca(OH)2-SiO2 and Ca(OH)2-metakaolin-gypsum mixtures were studied.
The hydrated products of 41 wt. % Ca(OH)2 – 41 wt. % metakaolin – 18 wt. % gypsum mixtures followed by water immersion curing at 50 °C for 28 days undergone a pozzolanic reaction. XRD characterization showed that the hydrated product is mainly composed of ettringite (60.0 %) and crystalline-CSH (23.4 %). The diffractograms obtained have shown a specific hump indicating the presence of amorphous phases besides the crystalline. To confirm the presence of the non-crystalline or amorphous phases of the hydrated products, a polarizing optical microscope (OM) using a crossed Nicols method was used. The characterization of the phases is the novelty of the present research. The ettringite, crystalline CSH and the amorphous phases act as a strong binder that consequently contribute to its average maximum compressive strength of 22.17 MPa.
Constructing a model for the automated operative planning of local operations at railroad technical stations
Authors: Prokopov Artem , Prokhorov Viktor , Kalashnikova Tetiana , Golovko Tetiana , Bohomazova Hanna 
Published: July 2021

This paper has investigated the technology of forwarding local wagons at railroad technical stations and established the need to improve it given the extra downtime of local wagons. The main issue relates to the considerable combinatorial complexity of the tasks of operational planning. Another problem is that as part of the conventional approach, planning a station operation and planning a local operation at it is considered separately. Another planning issue is the lack of high-quality models for the preparation of initial data, in particular, data on the duration of technological operations, such as, for example, shunting operations involving local wagons forwarding. To resolve these issues, a new approach has been proposed, under which the tasks of operative planning of a technical station’s operation and its subsystem of local operations are tackled simultaneously, based on a single model. To this end, a mathematical model of vector combinatoric optimization has been built, which uses the criteria of total operating costs and wagon-hours spent at a station when forwarding local wagon flows, in the form of separate objective functions. Within this model, a predictive model was constructed in the form of a fuzzy inference system. This model is designed to determine the duration of shunting half-runs when executing the spotting/picking operations for delivering local wagons to enterprises’ goods sheds. The model provides for the accuracy level that would suffice at planning, in contrast to classical methods. A procedure has been devised for optimizing the planning model, which employs the modern genetic algorithm of vector optimization NSGA-III. This procedure is implemented in the form of software that makes it possible to build a rational operative plan for the operation of a technical station, including a subsystem of local operations, in graphic form, thereby reducing the operating costs by 5 % and the duration of maintenance of a local wagon by 8 %. The resulting effect could reduce the turnover time of a freight car in general on the railroad network, speed up the delivery of goods, and reduce the cost of transportation
Devising methods to synthesize discrete complex signals with required properties for application in modern information and communication systems
Authors: Gorbenko Ivan , Zamula Oleksandr 
Published: July 2021

Information and communication systems (ICSs) must comply with increasingly stringent requirements to ensure the reliability and speed of information transmission, noise immunity, information security. This paper reports the methods to synthesize discrete complex cryptographic signals, underlying the construction of which are random (pseudo-random) processes; the methods for synthesizing characteristic discrete complex signals whose construction is based on using the nature of the multiplicative group of a finite field; the results of studying the properties of the specified signal systems. It is shown that the methods built provide a higher synthesis performance than known methods and make it possible to algorithmize the synthesis processes for the construction of software and hardware devices to form such signals. The win in the time when synthesizing nonlinear signals in finite fields using the devised method is, compared to the known method, for the period of 9,972 elements is 1,039.6 times. The proposed method for synthesizing the entire system of such signals, based on decimation operation, outperforms the known method of difference sets in performance. Thus, for a signal period of 2,380 elements, the win in time exceeds 28 times. It has also been shown that the application of such systems of complex signals could improve the efficiency indicators of modern ICSs. Thus, the imitation resistance of the system, when using complex discrete cryptographic signals with a signal period of 1,023 elements, is four orders of magnitude higher than when applying the linear signal classes (for example, M-sequences). For a signal period of 1,023 elements, the win (in terms of structural secrecy) when using the signal systems reported in this work exceeds 300 times at a period of 8,192, compared to the signals of the linear form (M-sequences)
Studying the influence of mungbean use on the structure-forming indicators of meat-plant systems based on veal, pork, chicken meat
Authors: Biletska Yana , Ryzhkova Taisіa , Novikova Vira , Plotnikova Raisa , Hnoievyі Ihor , Yatsenko Ivan , Silchenko Katerina , Danilova Tatiana , Severin Raisa , Karpenko Lyudmila 
Published: July 2021

This paper reports a study into the use of germinated mungbean as a promising raw material influencing the structure-forming indicators of meat systems during the production of meat-vegetable sausages. The content of iodine in the germinated mungbean and its anatomical parts has been examined using solutions of potassium iodide. A change in the phytic acid content and size of phytin globoloids has been established in mungbean malt depending on germination conditions. The influence of flour from germinated mungbean on the moisture-binding, moisture-retaining, fat-retaining abilities, as well as on the pH of meat systems based on veal meat, pork, chicken has been investigated.
The reported set of studies is important as the defined patterns could make it possible to devise technologies for meat-vegetable sausages, to expand the range of enriched meat products.
The result of this study has established that the degree of biotransformation of iodine into beans is influenced by the protein content in the native beans. Almost 90...95 % of iodine is accumulated in the cotyledons of beans in the protein fraction, 5...10 % ‒ in sprouts and roots. The rational range of potassium iodide concentrations in the germination solution is 76.5 g per 1,000 cm3, over 48 hours. Prolonging the germination time leads to microbiological damage to the bean mass.
The germination process affects the reduction of phytic acid content, which is confirmed by a decrease in the diameter of phytin globoloids.
It is rational to use in meat systems based on pork meat and veal meat 10 % of the developed flour by reducing meat raw materials. With this ratio of formulation ingredients, the maximum increase in the moisture-binding, moisture-retaining, and fat-retaining capacities of these meat systems is achieved. In the meat systems based on chicken meat, it is possible to increase a replacement part of up to 15 %.
The reported set of studies is useful and important because it could form the basis for devising the technologies of meat-vegetable sausages to meet the needs of different segments of consumers
Thermodynamic analysis of the thermal-technological complex of sugar production: criteria for energy efficiency of an enterprise
Authors: Samiilenko Sergii , Bondar Vоlоdymyr , Piddubnyi Volodymyr , Bilyk Olena , Shutyuk Vitaliy , Fedoriv Viktor 
Published: July 2021

A procedure for analyzing the effectiveness of using fuel and energy resources (FER) in sugar production, based on the developed idealized circuit of the thermal-technological complex (TTC) as the base for comparison was presented. This procedure makes it possible to quantify the level of perfection of existing and proposed thermal circuits, as well as the impact of measures for enhancing energy efficiency on their perfection.
By idealizing technological and energy processes, a hypothetical TTC was synthesized, for which the minimum possible energy and entropy characteristics are determined. Under these conditions, the minimum possible heat consumption for the implementation of technological processes according to the classical heat technology circuit was calculated – 118.40 MJ/t; a "minimum" total increase in entropy from irreversible processes of the HTC – 314.68 kJ/(t·K); a minimum complex magnitude of specific consumption of conventional fuel – 0.8 % to m. b.
The determined characteristics are absolute criteria for the efficiency of sugar production systems, since it is impossible to reach lower values under existing technology, quality of raw materials and other conditions. The content of the criteria of energy efficiency of TTC was stated and the system of coefficients was proposed: coefficient of total energy efficiency of the TTC, coefficient of energy efficiency of the system of heat supply of the technological processes and coefficients of energy efficiency of internal and external structures of the TTC. The proposed criteria provide an objective and thermodynamically correct characteristic of the TTC of different structures.
The presented results of analysis of various measures for increasing the energy efficiency of sugar production show that only a gradual comprehensive reconstruction of an enterprise makes it possible to consistently reduce the FER consumption for technological needs, approaching the boundary values.
The study of the fatty acid composition of common lilac flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety
Authors: Popyk Аndrii , Kyslychenko Viktoriia , Velma Viktoriia 
Published: July 2021

An important place in human nutrition is occupied by omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids (FA). They have different effects on the human body and play a significant role in the appearance and the course of some diseases (for example, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, cancer, obesity, etc.).
The aim. To study the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of fatty acids in Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety.
Materials and methods. The fatty acid composition was studied by gas chromatography based on the formation of methyl esters of fatty acids and their subsequent determination.
Results and discussion. The presence and the quantitative content of 15 fatty acids have been determined. Among them, 13 FA have been identified, namely 6 saturated fatty acids and 7 unsaturated fatty acids. The total amount of saturated fatty acids (54.65 %) significantly predominates over unsaturated fatty acids (34.81 %). Palmitic acid dominates among saturated FA (39.83 %). Linoleic acid has the highest percent among unsaturated FA (13.75 %).
Conclusions. For the first time the composition of fatty acids in Common Lilac flowers of “Madame Lemoine” variety has been studied. The raw material accumulates saturated fatty acids in a significant number. Palmitic acid (C 16 : 0) – 39.83 % and linoleic acid (C 18 : 2) – 13.75 % are the dominant acids
Legal regulation of the universal European election process
Authors: Son Sofiia 
Published: July 2021

The study is devoted to the analysis of the main normative legal acts, regulating the holding of elections within the European Union, linked to the evolution of Ukrainian Constitutionalism and the integration of Ukrainian law into the European legal space. It has been proved, that the correct choice of an electoral system creates a suitable environment for the citizens to exercise one of the fundamental democratic rights, namely to elect their authorized representative who in their turn represent their interests.
The article states that despite the growing role of the European Parliament, the election procedure has been only partially coordinated due to the lack of the universal election procedure for all EU members. At present some fundamental principles, regulating this procedure, are stipulated by the 1976 Election Law, however a lot of aspects are regulated by the national legal systems. The lack of universal election law for all EU members potentially deprives European elections of a real European dimension. The recent years have witnessed several attempts to reform the EU election system. However not all of them have led to the adoption of relative Directives. In particular, there are disputes regarding the transnational constituency. The supporters believe it to be the step in the right direction, while the opponents express fears that it will increase the distance between the public and its elected representatives. The author points out that the outcomes of the spring 2019 European Parliamentary elections have common features with the outcomes of Parliamentary and local elections in Ukraine. Problems, related to the European Parliament elections in 2019 and existing in Ukraine, have been identified, such as restrictions for the exercise of voting rights by persons with disabilities due to various reasons, the use of digital technologies and related cybersecurity issues in the election process, protection of personal data and so on