bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender interactions on Twitter and medical education: how is nephrology doing?
Authors: Madariaga Hector M , Sieberg Christine B , Vela Xavier , Kwon Katherine , Lerma Edgar V , Desai Tejas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gender inequities negatively impact productivity and career advancement for women. Social media platforms like Twitter can be used to achieve greater parity and address underrepresentation by providing a medium for education, research and mentorship, however, it is unknown how it may contribute to gender inequity. Our aim was to examine gender interactions during a nephrology medical conference.
After the Pandemic: New Responsibilities
Authors: Levy Neil , Savulescu Julian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seasonal influenza kills many hundreds of thousands of people every year. We argue that the current pandemic has lessons we should learn concerning how we should respond to it. Our response to the COVID-19 not only provides us with tools for confronting influenza; it also changes our sense of what is possible. The recognition of how dramatic policy responses to COVID-19 were and how widespread their general acceptance has been allowed us to imagine new and more sweeping responses to influenza. In fact, we not only can grasp how we can reduce its toll; this new knowledge entails new responsibilities to do so. We outline a range of potential interventions to alter social norms and to change structures to reduce influenza transmission, and consider ethical objections to our proposals.
Sensitive Questions in Surveys
Authors: Ehler Ingmar , Wolter Felix , Junkermann Justus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In research on sensitive questions in surveys, the item count technique (ICT) has gained increased attention in recent years as a means of counteracting the problem of misreporting, that is, the under- and over-reporting of socially undesirable and socially desirable behaviors or attitudes. The performance of ICT compared with conventional direct questioning (DQ) has been investigated in numerous experimental studies, yielding mixed evidence. This calls for a systematic review.
For this purpose, the present article reports results from a comprehensive meta-analysis of experimental studies comparing ICT estimates of sensitive items to those obtained via DQ. In total, 89 research articles with 124 distinct samples and 303 effect estimates are analyzed. All studies rely on the “more (less) is better” assumption, meaning that higher (lower) estimates of negatively (positively) connoted traits or behaviors are considered more valid.
The results show (1) a significantly positive pooled effect of ICT on the validity of survey responses compared with DQ; (2) a pronounced heterogeneity in study results, indicating uncertainty that ICT would work as intended in future studies; and (3) as meta-regression models indicate, the design and characteristics of studies, items, and ICT procedures affect the success of ICT. There is no evidence for an overestimation of the effect due to publication bias.
Our conclusions are that ICT is generally a viable method for measuring sensitive topics in survey studies, but its reliability has to be improved to ensure a more stable performance.
Predictors of attitudes and adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines in Western countries: a rapid review of the emerging literature
Authors: Moran Chelsea , Campbell David J T , Campbell Tavis S , Roach Pamela , Bourassa Lyne , Collins Zoe , Stasiewicz Marysia , McLane Patrick 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Physical distancing, wearing face masks and hand hygiene are evidence-based methods to protect the public from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. There has been a proliferation of research examining characteristics that can be targeted by public health interventions. This rapid review sought to identify predictors of attitudes toward and adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines, and identify interventions aiming to improve adherence.

Methods
Articles were retrieved from multiple databases (e.g. MEDLINE, CINAHL and medRxiv) on 6 August 2020. Studies were limited to samples collected from Western countries. Studies were classified according to the types of factor (s) examined as independent variables. The consistency of evidence for each factor was scored by two reviewers.

Results
In total, 1323 unique articles were identified in the initial search, resulting in 29 studies in the final synthesis. The available evidence suggests individuals who are older, identify as women, trust governments, perceive COVID-19 as threatening and access information through traditional news media are more likely to adhere with COVID-19 public health guidelines. Interventions for improving adherence have not yet been investigated thoroughly, and this review identified only three experimental studies.

Conclusions
This review has identified several characteristics that impact attitudes and adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines.
The Impact of Environmental Factors on Monogenic Mendelian Diseases
Authors: Tukker Anke M , Royal Charmaine D , Bowman Aaron B , McAllister Kimberly A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Environmental factors and gene-environment interactions modify the variable expressivity, progression, severity, and onset of some classic (monogenic) Mendelian-inherited genetic diseases. Cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, Parkinson’s disease, and sickle cell disease are examples of well-known Mendelian disorders that are influenced by exogenous exposures. Environmental factors may act by direct or indirect mechanisms to modify disease severity, timing, and presentation, including through epigenomic influences, protein misfolding, miRNA alterations, transporter activity, and mitochondrial effects. Because pathological features of early-onset Mendelian diseases can mimic later onset complex diseases, we propose that studies of environmental exposure vulnerabilities using monogenic model systems of rare Mendelian diseases have high potential to provide insight into complex disease phenotypes arising from multi-genetic/multi-toxicant interactions. Mendelian disorders can be modeled by homologous mutations in animal model systems with strong recapitulation of human disease etiology and natural history, providing an important advantage for study of these diseases. Monogenic high penetrant mutations are ideal for toxicant challenge studies with a wide variety of environmental stressors, because background genetic variability may be less able to alter the relatively strong phenotype driving disease-causing mutations. These models promote mechanistic understandings of gene-environment interactions and biological pathways relevant to both Mendelian and related sporadic complex disease outcomes by creating a sensitized background for relevant environmental risk factors. Additionally, rare disease communities are motivated research participants, creating the potential of strong research allies among rare Mendelian disease advocacy groups and disease registries and providing a variety of translational opportunities that are under-utilized in genetic or environmental health science.
Leveraging Resources for Educational Equity to Promote Academic Success Among Underrepresented Nursing Students: An Integrative Review
Authors: Kirui Caroline , McGee Jerrihlyn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to perform an integrative literature review to discover methods to foster academic success for underrepresented students pre- and postadmission to prelicensure nursing programs.

BACKGROUND
The US population is progressing to a minority–majority population. To effectively meet the needs of a diverse population, nursing recognizes the need to racially and ethnically diversify the workforce by increasing the diversity of students admitted to nursing schools. Although the need is widely known, minority groups remain underrepresented in nursing programs, and there is a need for sustainable recruitment and retention strategies.

METHOD
An integrative literature review on how to foster the success of underrepresented students was performed.

RESULTS
Proposed interventions include mentoring, financial support, academic and psychosocial support, and student success programs.

CONCLUSION
Tailoring interventions to specific student needs would be effective in enhancing student success.
Characteristics Associated With Treatment Failure 1 Year After Midurethral Sling in Women With Mixed Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Sung Vivian W. , Richter Holly E. , Moalli Pamela , Weidner Alison C. , Nguyen John N. , Smith Ariana L. , Dunivan Gena , Ridgeway Beri , Borello-France Diane , Newman Diane K. , Mazloomdoost Donna , Carper Benjamin , Gantz Marie G. 
Published: February 2021

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2020;136:482–491)
Mixed urinary incontinence, including both stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), occurs in up to 50% of women with urinary incontinence. Mixed incontinence is often considered more severe and more difficult to treat than either urinary condition alone.
Multiple Vitrification-Warming and Biopsy Procedures on Human Embryos: Clinical Outcome and Neonatal Follow-up of Children
Authors: De Vos Anick , Van Landuyt Lisbet , De Rycke Martine , Verdyck Pieter , Verheyen Greta , Buysse Andrea , Belva Florence , Keymolen Kathelijn , Tournaye Herman , Verpoest Willem 
Published: February 2021

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2020;35(11):2488–2496)
Despite advances in preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), inconclusive diagnoses following aneuploidy screening, chromosomal rearrangement, or monogenic testing do occur regularly. With PGT these days shifting toward more and more trophectoderm (TE) biopsy, test failures inevitably involve a second round of biopsy and blastocyst vitrification.
Laparoscopic Major Vascular Injuries in Gynecologic Surgery for Benign Indications
Authors: King Nathan R. , Lin Emily , Yeh Chen , Wong Jacqueline M. K. , Friedman Jaclyn , Traylor Jessica , Tsai Susan , Chaudhari Angela , Milad Magdy P. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the incidence, location, etiology, and mortality of major vascular injuries in gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indications.

DATA SOURCES:
A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and MEDLINE was conducted.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
One thousand ninety-seven studies were screened for inclusion with 147 full-text articles reviewed. Sixty-six studies published between 1978 and 2016 met inclusion criteria, representing 197,062 surgeries. Articles that were included reported the incidence of major vascular injuries during gynecologic laparoscopy for benign indications. Exclusion criteria included surgery for gynecologic malignancy, duplicated data, case series and reports, manuscripts not in English, and studies published only as abstracts.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Injuries to the aorta, inferior vena cava, iliac (common, external, or internal), and inferior epigastric vessels were recorded, as were injuries denoted as major but not otherwise specified. A total of 179 major vascular injuries were reported with an incidence of 0.09% (95% CI 0.08–0.10). The inferior epigastric vessels were the most commonly injured vessel (0.04%, 95% CI 0.03–0.05), comprising 48% (95% CI 40–55) of all injuries. The majority of injuries occurred during abdominal entry (82%, 95% CI 76–89), and the remainder occurred during surgical dissection (18%, 95% CI 11–24). Most injuries were recognized intraoperatively (93%, 95% CI 87–100), and approximately half (55%, 95% CI 46–63) required laparotomy for repair. Only two of the 179 major vascular injuries resulted in death, for an overall mortality rate from vascular injuries of 0.001% (95% CI 0.000–0.004).

CONCLUSION:
The incidence of major vascular injury during gynecologic laparoscopy found in this review is very low, and the vast majority of injuries did not result in death. Laparoscopy remains a safe surgical technique in relation to vascular injuries when performed for benign gynecologic disease.
Comparison of Plastic Surgeon and Spine Surgeon Closure in Revision Short Segment Thoracolumbar Spinal Fusions
Authors: Zhong Jack , Balouch Eaman , O’Malley Nicholas , Maglaras Constance , Stickley Carolyn , Leon Carlos , O’Connell Brooke , Fischer Charla R. , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Buckland Aaron J. 
Published: February 2021

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort analysis.

Objective.
To compare outcomes of plastic versus spine surgeon wound closure in revision 1 to 4 level thoracolumbar fusions.

Summary of Background Data.
Plastic surgeons perform layered musculocutaneous flap closures in high-risk spine patients such as revision posterior spinal fusion and complex deformity correction surgeries. Few studies have assessed outcomes of revision fusion performed with plastic surgical closures, particularly in nondeformity thoracolumbar spinal surgery.

Methods.
A retrospective review of 1 to 4 level revision thoracolumbar fusion performed by Orthopedic or Neurosurgical spine surgeons. Patient charts were reviewed for demographics and perioperative outcomes. Patients were divided into two cohorts: wound closures performed by spine surgeons and those closed by plastic surgeons. Outcomes were analyzed before and after propensity score match for prior levels fused, iliac fixation, and levels fused at index surgery. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results.
Three hundred fifty-seven (87.3%) spine surgeon (SS) and 52 (12.7%) plastic surgeon (PS) closures were identified. PS group had significantly higher number of levels fused at index (PS 2.7 ± 1.0 vs. SS 1.8 ± 0.9, P < 0.001) and at prior surgeries (PS 1.8 ± 1.2 vs. SS 1.0 ± 0.9, P < 0.001), and rate of iliac instrumentation (PS 17.3% vs. SS 2.8%, P < 0.001). Plastics closure was an independent risk factor for length of stay  > 5 days (odds ratio 2.3) and postoperative seroma formation (odds ratio 7.8). After propensity score match, PS had higher rates of seromas (PS 36.5% vs. SS 3.8%, P < 0.001). There were no differences between PS and SS groups in surgical outcomes, perioperative complication, surgical site infection, seroma requiring aspiration, or return to operating room at all time points until follow-up (P > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion.
Plastic spinal closure for 1 to 4 level revision posterior thoracolumbar fusions had no advantage in reducing wound complications over spine surgeon closure but increased postoperative seroma formation.

Level of Evidence: 4
Therapeutic Efficacy of Transpedicular Impaction Bone Grafting with Long Segmental Posterior Instrumentation in Stage III Kümmell Disease
Authors: Zhu Yanyu , Zhang Zhenhui , Jiang Wentao , Su Kai , Wang Zhongwei , Wang Chunping , Wang Chunli , Wang Qingde 
Published: February 2021

Study Design
A retrospective review of clinical and radiological parameters.

Objective
To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of transpedicular impaction bone grafting (TIBG) with long segmental posterior instrumentation for the treatment of stage III Kümmell disease.

Summary of Background Data
The optimal treatment for stage III Kümmell disease remains controversial and unclear. Theoretically, transpedicular bone grafting can reconstruct anterior column support and reduce the failure of internal fixation, which is an intuitive method for the treatment of Kümmell disease. However, the use of this technique has rarely been reported for the treatment of this disease. This study reported the clinical and radiological results of TIBG with long segmental posterior instrumentation for the treatment of stage III Kümmell disease.

Methods
Between August 2011 and December 2017, we retrospectively analyzed 24 patients with stage III Kümmell disease who underwent TIBG with long segmental posterior instrumentation. Anterior vertebral heights, kyphotic Cobb angle, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale were used to evaluate the effects of surgery.

Results
The mean time to follow-up was 38.1 ± 10.2 months. The average operative duration was 136 ± 16.5 minutes, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 293 ± 41.3 mL. The VAS, ODI, anterior vertebral heights, and kyphotic Cobb angles were improved significantly at 1 week after surgery compared the preoperative examinations, and were well maintained at the final follow-up evaluation. Fourteen patients (58%) had mild neurological impairments before surgery, with neurological function returning to normal at the final follow-up evaluation. There was no instance of instrumentation failure.

Conclusion
TIBG combined with long segmental posterior instrumentation is a safe and effective surgical option for stage III Kümmell disease.

Level of Evidence: 4
Cervical Disc Degeneration and Vertebral Endplate Defects After the Fused Operation
Authors: Leonova Olga , Baykov Evgenii , Sanginov Abdugafur , Krutko Aleksandr 
Published: February 2021

Study Design.
Longitudinal study of cervical MR in patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD).

Objective.
To evaluate the evolution of the degenerative changes in the C2-D1 cervical segments and to assess the association magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with clinical symptoms after surgical treatment in patients with DDD.

Summary of Background Data.
The evolution of degenerative changes in the cervical spine is poorly understood. Endplate defects can be of great importance in progressive disc degeneration (DD). Clarification of this predictor may be important in determining the treatment tactics in patients with DDD.

Methods.
The study included patients who had 2-years’ follow-up after cervical fusion for spondylotic radiculo- with/without myelopathy. Demographic data (age, sex, surgical data) were assessed; clinical data (visual analogue scale [VAS] neck, VAS arm, Neck Disability Index [NDI]) and cervical MRI (DD grades by Pfirrmann, Modic changes (MC), total endplate scores (TEPS) were compared to preoperative data.

Results.
The median follow-up term was 26.5 (18.9–33.1) months. All patients reported a decrease neck pain and arm pain at follow-up (P < 0.001). There was observed the change in MC types (P < 0.001) and an increase of TEPS (P < 0.05). 71.7% discs remained unchanged during the follow-up, but a significant number of discs went from Grade 2 to Grade 3 and from Grade 3 to Grade 4 by Pfirrmann (P < 0.001). Clinical scores (VAS neck, VAS arm, NDI) had no correlation with MRI changes (P > 0.05). DD was associated with TEPS (odds ratio [OR] 2.05–5.47, P < 0.05) and patients’ age (OR 1.11–2.33, P < 0.05) at all cervical levels; with MC types, but only at C4-C5 and C6-C7 levels (OR = 2.91 and 2.79, respectively, P < 0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed a TEPS threshold value of 7, above which the probability of DD significantly higher.

Conclusion.
During 2 years’ follow-up the significant increase of DD grades by Pfirrmann was observed at C4-C6 levels (P < 0.001). A significant association DD with TEPS and age at all cervical levels was determined.

Level of Evidence: 3
The Impact of Preintubation Noninvasive Ventilation on Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Authors: Kopp Whitney , Gedeit Rainer G. , Asaro Lisa A. , McLaughlin Gwenn E. , Wypij David , Curley Martha A. Q. 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:
There is evidence that noninvasive ventilation decreases the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. However, children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome who fail noninvasive ventilation may have worse outcomes than those who are intubated without exposure to noninvasive ventilation. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of preintubation noninvasive ventilation on children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.

DESIGN:
Secondary analysis of data from the Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure trial.

SETTING:
Thirty-one PICUs in the United States.

PATIENTS:
Children 2 weeks to 17 years old with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, excluding those admitted with tracheostomies.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 2,427 subjects receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, preintubation noninvasive ventilation was used in 995 (41%). Compared with subjects without preintubation noninvasive ventilation use, subjects with preintubation noninvasive ventilation use were more likely to have a history of seizures (10% vs 8%; p = 0.04) or cancer (11% vs 6%; p < 0.001) and have moderate or severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome by the end of their first full day of invasive mechanical ventilation (68% vs 60%; p < 0.001). Adjusting for age, severity of illness on PICU admission, and baseline functional status, preintubation noninvasive ventilation use resulted in longer invasive mechanical ventilation duration (median 7.0 vs 6.0 d), longer PICU (10.8 vs 8.9 d), and hospital (17 vs 14 d) lengths of stay, and higher 28-day (5% vs 4%) and 90-day (8% vs 5%) inhospital mortalities (all comparisons p < 0.001). Longer duration of noninvasive ventilation before intubation was associated with worse outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
In children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, preintubation noninvasive ventilation use is associated with worse outcomes when compared with no preintubation noninvasive ventilation use. These data can be used to inform the design of clinical studies to evaluate best noninvasive ventilation practices in children with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.
The Extent of Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Influenza Pneumonia: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Coste Anne , Frérou Aurélien , Raute Anaïs , Couturaud Francis , Morin Jean , Egreteau Pierre-Yves , Blanc François-Xavier , Reignier Jean , Tadié Jean-Marc , Tran Adissa , Pronier Charlotte , Coste-Burel Marianne , Nevez Gilles , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Le Pape Patrice , Ansart Séverine , Tonnelier Jean-Marie , Bretonnière Cédric , Aubron Cécile 
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the frequency and prognosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe influenza pneumonia.

DESIGN:
Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

SETTING:
Five French ICUs.

PATIENTS:
Patients with influenza admitted to ICU between 2009 and 2018.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of the 524 patients admitted for severe influenza diagnosed with a positive airway reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test, 450 (86%) required mechanical ventilation. A lower respiratory tract sample yielded with Aspergillus (Asp+) in 28 patients (5.3%). Ten patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with putative or proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, based on the validated AspICU algorithm. A multivariate model was built to identify independent risk factors for Aspergillus-positive pulmonary culture. Factors independently associated with Aspergillus-positive culture were liver cirrhosis (odds ratio = 6.7 [2.1–19.4]; p < 0.01), hematologic malignancy (odds ratio = 3.3 [1.2–8.5]; p = 0.02), Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype (odds ratio = 3.9 [1.6–9.1]; p < 0.01), and vasopressor requirement (odds ratio = 4.1 [1.6–12.7]; p < 0.01). In-hospital mortality of Asp+ patients was 36% versus 21% in patients without Aspergillus-positive pulmonary culture (p = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large retrospective multicenter cohort of critically ill patients, putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis according to AspICU algorithm was a relatively rare complication of influenza. Patients at higher risk of Aspergillus pulmonary colonization included those with liver cirrhosis, hematologic malignancy, H1N1pdm09 influenza A virus, and requiring vasopressors. Our results provide additional data on the controversial association between severe influenza and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Reaching a consensual definition of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis becomes mandatory and confers further prospective research.