bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deeper than you think: partisan-dependent brain response
Authors: Katabi Noa , Simon Hadas , Yakim Sharon , Ravreby Inbal , Yeshurun Yaara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent political polarization has highlighted the extent to which individuals with opposing views experience ongoing events in markedly different ways. In this study, we explored the neural mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon. We conducted functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) scanning right- and left-wing participants watching political videos just before the 2019 elections in Israel. Behavioral results demonstrated significant differences between left- and right-wing participants in their interpretation of the videos’ content. Neuroimaging results revealed partisanship-dependent differences in both high-order regions and early-motor and somato-sensory regions, although no such differences were found with regard to neutral content. Moreover, we found that most of the political content was more potent in synchronizing participants with right-wing views, and that this synchronization was observed already in early visual and auditory cortices. These results suggest that political polarization is not limited to higher-order processes as previously thought, but rather emerges already in motor and sensory regions.
Viral dynamics and immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)
Authors: Perez-Martin Eva , Beechler Brianna , Scott Katherine , de Klerk-Lorist Lin-Mari , Zhang Fuquan , Limon Georgina , Dugovich Brian , Gubbins Simon , Botha Arista , Juleff Nicholas , Hetem Robyn , van Schalkwyk Louis , Maree Francois F. , Jolles Anna , Charleston Bryan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important livestock diseases restricting international trade. While it is clear that African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) act as the main wildlife reservoir, viral and immune response dynamics during FMD virus acute infection have not been described before in this species. We used experimental needle inoculation and contact infections with three Southern African Territories serotypes to assess clinical, virological and immunological dynamics for thirty days post infection. Clinical FMD in the needle inoculated buffaloes was mild and characterised by pyrexia. Despite the absence of generalised vesicles, all contact animals were readily infected with their respective serotypes within the first 2-9 days after being mixed with needle challenged buffaloes. Irrespective of the route of infection or serotype there were positive associations between the viral loads in blood and the induction of host innate pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins. Viral loads in blood and tonsils were tightly correlated during the acute phase of the infection, however, viraemia significantly declined after a peak at 4 days post infection (dpi), which correlated with the presence of detectable neutralising antibodies. In contrast, infectious virus was isolated in the tonsils until the last sampling point (30 dpi) in most animals. The pattern of virus detection in serum and tonsil swabs was similar for all three serotypes in the direct challenged and contact challenged animals.We have demonstrated for the first time, that African buffalo are indeed systemically affected by FMD virus and clinical FMD in buffalo is characterized by a transient pyrexia. Despite the lack of FMD lesions, infection of African buffalo was characterised by high viral loads in blood and oropharynx, rapid and strong host innate and adaptive immune responses and high transmissibility.
Synthesis of High-Resolution Research-Quality MRI Data from Clinical MRI Data in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Cali Ryan J. , Freeman Holly J. , Billot Benjamin , Barra Megan E. , Fischer David , Sanders William R. , Huang Susie Y. , Conklin John , Fischl Bruce , Iglesias Juan Eugenio , Edlow Brian L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPathophysiological mechanisms of neurological disorders in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly understood, partly because of a lack of high-resolution neuroimaging data. We applied SynthSR, a convolutional neural network that synthesizes high-resolution isotropic research-quality data from thick-slice clinical MRI data, to a cohort of 11 patients with severe COVID-19. SynthSR successfully synthesized T1-weighted MPRAGE data at 1 mm spatial resolution for all 11 patients, each of whom had at least one brain lesion. Correlations between volumetric measures derived from synthesized and acquired MPRAGE data were strong for the cortical grey matter, subcortical grey matter, brainstem, hippocampus, and hemispheric white matter (r=0.84 to 0.96, p≤0.001), but absent for the cerebellar white matter and corpus callosum (r=0.04 to 0.17, p>0.61). SynthSR creates an opportunity to quantitatively study clinical MRI scans and elucidate the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in patients with COVID-19, including those with focal lesions.
Postprandial dynamics of proglucagon cleavage products and their relation to metabolic health
Authors: Wagner Robert , Eckstein Sabine S. , Fritsche Louise , Prystupa Katsiaryna , Hörber Sebastian , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Peter Andreas , Fritsche Andreas , Heni Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile oral glucose ingestion typically leads to a decrease in circulating glucagon levels, a substantial number of persons display stable or rising glucagon concentrations when assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). However, these assays show cross-reactivity to other proglucagon cleavage products. Recently, more specific assays became available, therefore we systematically assessed glucagon and other proglucagon cleavage products and their relation to metabolic health. We used samples from 52 oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) that were randomly selected from an extensively phenotyped study cohort.Glucagon concentrations quantified with RIA were non-suppressed at 2 hours of the OGTT in 36 % of the samples. Non-suppressors showed lower fasting glucagon levels compared to suppressors (p=0.011). Similar to RIA measurements, ELISA-derived fasting glucagon was lower in non-suppressors (p<0.001). Glucagon 1-61 as well as glicentin kinetics were significantly different between suppressors and non-suppressors (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively) with higher concentrations of both hormones in non-suppressors. Levels of insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids were comparable between groups. Non-suppressors were leaner and had lower plasma glucose concentrations (p=0.03 and p=0.047, respectively). Despite comparable liver fat content and insulin sensitivity (p≥0.3), they had lower 2-hour post-challenge glucose (p=0.01).Glucagon 1-61, glicentin and GLP-1 partially account for RIA-derived glucagon measurements due to cross-reactivity of the assay. However, this contribution is small, since the investigated proglucagon cleavage products contribute less than 10% to the variation in RIA measured glucagon. Altered glucagon levels and higher post-challenge incretins are associated with a healthier metabolic phenotype that is known to be indicative for reduced cardiovascular risk, cancer incidence, and mortality.
A slow road from meat dominance to more sustainable diets: an analysis of purchase preferences
Authors: Erkkola Maijaliisa , Kinnunen Satu M , Vepsäläinen Henna R , Meinilä Jelena M , Uusitalo Liisa , Konttinen Hanna , Saarijärvi Hannu , Fogelholm Mikael , Nevalainen Jaakko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAchieving a sustainable and healthy diet requires increased replacement of red meat with more sustainable foods. There is a call for novel methodologies to assess the potential of different interventions and policies in enhancing the transition from the current to more sustainable choices.ObjectiveWe aimed to characterize consumer clusters with similar preferences in protein sources, to compare the purchase prices of these foods, and to identify ongoing transitions from one protein source to another.DesignGrocery purchase data with individual attributes on 29,437 consenting loyalty card holders were analyzed over 2.3 year period. We designed a sequence analysis to group participants to clusters with similar purchase preferences over the follow-up period and to estimate transition probabilities between preferences. We studied the determinants of prevalent purchase profiles by ordinal logistic models.ResultsWe identified six participant profiles with similar preferences in four protein sources: red meat, poultry, fish, and plant-based foods. Red meat dominated the purchase preferences and showed the highest persistence over time. The majority (70%) of the participants demonstrated somewhat mixed purchase profiles. A step-by-step transition from red meat towards plant-based food preference seems most likely via poultry and fish. Overall, low income was not a barrier to a more sustainable purchase profile, while price may deter the purchase of fish. The most important resources in choosing more sustainable profiles were education and stage of family life.ConclusionsSocietal incentives for sustainable food choices seem most crucial at transition stages of life course and for the less educated. Here we also demonstrate that grocery purchase data offer a valuable tool for monitoring the progressive transition towards a healthy and sustainable food system.
Macrophage polarization in cesarean scar diverticulum
Authors: Huang Jinfa , Liu Xiaochun , Hou Yi , Liu Yixuan , Liao Kedan , Xie Ning , Deng Kaixian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine immunohistochemical features and correlations between M1/M2 polarization status with disease severity of post-cesarean scar diverticulum (CSD).MethodsHistological and immunohistological staining were performed and inflammatory (CD16, CD163, and TNF-α), fibrosis (α-SMA), and angiogenic (CD31) markers were examined in uterine tissues collected from patients with uterine scar diverticula (CSD) (n=37) and cesarean section (CS) (n=3).ResultsCSD tissues have higher expression of α-SMA, TNF-α, CD16, and CD31 and lower expression of CD163 than CS tissue (P <0.05). Compared with adjacent tissues, thick-walled blood vessels, glands, and fibrotic sites have higher expression of α-SMA, TNF-α, and CD16. Statistical correlation was observed between the expression of CD16 and TNF-α (R = 0.693, P <0.001), α-SMA (R = 0.404, P <0.05), and CD31 (R = 0.253, P <0.05) in CSD tissues, especially with the ratio of CD16/CD163 (R = 0.590, P <0.01). A more significant difference was observed between the expression of CD16/CD163 and α-SMA (R = 0.556, P <0.001), TNF-α (R = 0.633, P <0.0001) and CD31 (R = 0.336, P <0.05) Statistical correlation.ConclusionIn this study, TNF-α, α-SMA, CD16, and CD31 proteins were overexpressed in all CSD cases, and CD16/CD163 was positively correlated with tissue inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularization. Abnormal mononuclear macrophage infiltration may be involved in the origin and progression of CSD.
The effects of walking in nature on negative and positive affect in adult psychiatric outpatients with major depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled study
Authors: Watkins-Martin Kia , Bolanis Despina , Richard-Devantoy Stéphane , Pennestri Marie-Hélène , Malboeuf-Hurtubise Catherine , Philippe Frederick , Guindon Julie , Gouin Jean-Philippe , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle , Geoffroy Marie-Claude 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile walking in nature has been shown to improve affect in adults from the community to a greater extent than walking in urban settings, it is unknown whether such findings can be generalized to individuals suffering from depression. Using a parallel group design, this randomized controlled trial examined the effects of a single walk in nature versus urban settings on negative and positive affect in adult psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodParticipants recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic for adults with MDD were randomly assigned to a nature or urban walk condition. Thirty-seven adults (mean age=49 years) completed a single 60-minute walk. Negative and positive affect were assessed using The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule or PANAS at 6 time points: before the walk, halfway during the walk, immediately post-walk, at home before bedtime, 24 hours post-walk, and 48 hours post-walk.ResultsControlling for baseline levels of affect before the walk, individuals who walked in nature experienced overall lower levels of negative affect, F(1, 35.039)=4.239, p=.047, compared to those who walked in urban settings. Positive affect did not differ across walk conditions.LimitationsThe generalizability of results are limited by the small sample size and the presence of more female than male participants.ConclusionsWalking in nature might be a useful strategy to improve the affect of adults with MDD. Future research should investigate different ways to integrate the beneficial effects of nature exposure into existing treatment plans for psychiatric outpatients with MDD.
Spatial resolution of an integrated C4+CAM photosynthetic metabolism
Authors: Moreno-Villena Jose J , Zhou Haoran , Gilman Ian S , Tausta S. Lori , Cheung C. Y. Maurice , Edwards Erika J 
Published: November 2021

SummaryC4 and CAM photosynthesis have repeatedly evolved in plants over the past 30 million years. Because both repurpose the same set of enzymes but differ in their spatial and temporal deployment, they have long been considered as distinct and incompatible adaptations. Remarkably, Portulaca contains multiple C4 species that perform CAM when droughted. Spatially explicit analyses of gene expression reveal that C4 and CAM systems are completely integrated in P. oleracea, with CAM and C4 carbon fixation occurring in the same cells and CAM-generated metabolites likely incorporated directly into the C4 cycle. Flux balance analysis corroborates the gene expression and predicts an integrated C4+CAM system under drought. This first spatially explicit description of a C4+CAM photosynthetic metabolism presents a new blueprint for crop improvement.
Cortical encoding during word reading in bilinguals: parallel interdigitated distributed networks support convergent linguistic functioning
Authors: Geng Shujie , Guo Wanwan , Xu Kunyu , Jia Tianye , Zhou Wei , Blakemore Colin , Tan Li-Hai , Cao Miao , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWord reading includes a series of cognitive processes that convert low-level visual characteristics to neural representations. However, the consistency of the neural mechanisms for processing these cognitive components across different writing systems in bilinguals remains inconclusive. Here, we explored this question by employing representational similarity analysis with a semantic access task involving Chinese words, English words and Chinese pinyin. Distinct anatomical distribution patterns were detected for each type of brain representation across ideographic and alphabetic languages, resulting in 100% classification accuracy. Meanwhile, convergent cognitive components processing was found in the core language-related regions in left hemisphere, including the inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole, superior and middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus and supplementary motor areas. Broadly, our findings indicated that the neural basis for word recognition of different writing systems in bilinguals was divergent in anatomical locations of neural representations for specialized processing but convergent in cognitive domains, which supported and enriched the assimilation-accommodation hypothesis.TeaserCortical encoding linguistic processing across languages was support by parallel interdigitated distributed networks but convergent in cognitive domains.
A brainstem integrator for self-localization and positional homeostasis
Authors: Yang En , Zwart Maarten F. , Rubinov Mikail , James Benjamin , Wei Ziqiang , Narayan Sujatha , Vladimirov Nikita , Mensh Brett D. , Fitzgerald James E. , Ahrens Misha B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo accurately track self-location, animals need to integrate their movements through space. In amniotes, representations of self-location have been found in regions such as the hippocampus. It is unknown whether more ancient brain regions contain such representations and by which pathways they may drive locomotion. Fish displaced by water currents must prevent uncontrolled drift to potentially dangerous areas. We found that larval zebrafish track such movements and can later swim back to their earlier location. Whole-brain functional imaging revealed the circuit enabling this process of positional homeostasis. Position-encoding brainstem neurons integrate optic flow, then bias future swimming to correct for past displacements by modulating inferior olive and cerebellar activity. Manipulation of position-encoding or olivary neurons abolished positional homeostasis or evoked behavior as if animals had experienced positional shifts. These results reveal a multiregional hindbrain circuit in vertebrates for optic flow integration, memory of self-location, and its neural pathway to behavior.
Effect of species, size, and chimerism on the susceptibility of Caribbean brain coral recruits to stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD)
Authors: Williamson Olivia M. , Dennison Caroline E. , O’Neil Keri L. , Baker Andrew C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) has devastated coral populations along Florida’s Coral Reef and beyond. Although widespread infection and mortality of adult colonies have been documented, no studies have yet investigated the susceptibility of recruits to this disease. Here, we exposed eight-month-old Diploria labyrinthiformis recruits and four-month-old Colpophyllia natans recruits to two sequential doses of SCTLD in the laboratory to track infection and assess potential resilience. Both species began to develop lesions as early as 48 h after exposure began. During the first dose, 59.0% of C. natans recruits lost all tissue (died) within two to eight days of developing lesions, whereas D. labyrinthiformis recruits experienced significantly slower rates of tissue loss and minimal eventual mortality. In C. natans, larger recruits and those fused into groups of multiple genets (chimeras) exhibited the highest survivorship. In contrast, smaller and/or single (ungrouped) recruits had the lowest survivorship (9.9 - 26.5%). After 20 days, a second SCTLD dose was delivered to further test resistance in remaining recruits, and all recruits of both species succumbed within 6 days. Although no recruits showed absolute resistance to SCTLD following repeated exposures, our results provide evidence that interactions between species, size, and chimerism can impact relative resistance. This study represents the first report of SCTLD in Caribbean coral recruits and carries implications for natural species recovery and reef restoration efforts. Additional research on the susceptibility of coral juveniles to SCTLD is urgently needed, to include different species, locations, parents, and algal symbionts, with the goal of assessing relative susceptibility and identifying potential sources of resilience for this critical life history stage.
Meisosomes, folded membrane platforms, link the epidermis to the cuticle inC. elegans
Authors: Aggad Dina , Brouilly Nicolas , Omi Shizue , Essmann Clara L. , Dehapiot Benoit , Savage-Dunn Cathy , Richard Fabrice , Cazevieille Chantal , Politi Kristin A. , Hall David H. , Pujol Remy , Pujol Nathalie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApical extracellular matrices (aECMs) form a physical barrier to the environment. InC. elegans, the epidermal aECM, the cuticle, is composed mainly of different types of collagen, associated in circumferential ridges separated by furrows. Here, we show that in mutants lacking furrows, the normal intimate connection between the epidermis and the cuticle is lost, specifically at the lateral epidermis, where, in contrast to the dorsal and ventral epidermis, there are no hemidesmosomes. At the ultrastructural level, there is a profound alteration of structures that we term “meisosomes”, in reference to eisosomes in yeast. We show that meisosomes are composed of stacked parallel folds of the epidermal plasma membrane, alternately filled with cuticle. We propose that just as hemidesmosomes connect the dorsal and ventral epidermis, above the muscles, to the cuticle, meisosomes connect the lateral epidermis to it. Moreover, furrow mutants present marked modifications of the biomechanical properties of their skin and exhibit a constitutive damage response in the epidermis. As meisosomes co-localise to macrodomains enriched in phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate, they might act, like eisosomes, as signalling platforms, to relay tensile information from the aECM to the underlying epidermis, as part of an integrated stress response to damage.
PcoB is a defense outer membrane protein that facilitates cellular uptake of copper
Authors: Li Ping , Nayeri Niloofar , Gorecki Kamil , Becares Eva Ramos , Wang Kaituo , Mahato Dhani Ram , Andersson Magnus , Abeyrathna Sameera , Lindkvist-Petersson Karin , Meloni Gabriele , Missel Julie Winkel , Gourdon Pontus 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCopper (Cu) is one of the most abundant trace metals in all organisms, involved in a plethora of cellular processes. Yet elevated concentrations of the element are harmful, and interestingly prokaryotes are more sensitive for environmental Cu stress than humans. Various transport systems are present to maintain intracellular Cu homeostasis, including the prokaryotic plasmid-encoded multiprotein pco operon, which is generally assigned as a defense mechanism against elevated Cu concentrations. Here we structurally and functionally characterize the outer membrane component of the Pco system, PcoB, recovering a 2.2 Å structure, revealing a classical β-barrel architecture. Unexpectedly, we identify a large opening on the extracellular side, linked to a considerably electronegative funnel that becomes narrower towards the periplasm, defining an ion conducting pathway as also supported by metal binding quantification via ICP-MS and MD simulations. However, the structure is partially obstructed towards the periplasmic side, and yet flux is permitted in the presence of a Cu gradient as shown by functional characterization in vitro. Complementary in vivo experiments demonstrated that isolated PcoB confers increased sensitivity towards Cu. Aggregated, our findings indicate that PcoB serves to permit Cu import. Thus, it is possible the Pco system physiologically accumulates Cu in the periplasm as a part of an unorthodox defense mechanism against metal stress. These results point to a previously unrecognized principle of maintaining Cu homeostasis and may as such also assist in the understanding and in efforts towards combatting bacterial infections of Pco-harboring pathogens.