bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 Treatment Failure: A Real-World Single Center Experience
Authors: Sarhan Shereen Nabih , Khodeir Samy A. , A. Gabr Mamdouh 
Published: September 2021

Background: Treatment failure with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is associated with worsening of liver disease especially in cirrhotic patients. Moreover, data on retreatment of HCV genotype 4 patients (G4) with DAA failure are still very limited, since they are under- represented in most clinical trials.
Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of retreatment of Egyptian HCV G4 DAA failure patients based on the use of a new DAA class from currently available first- generation DAA regimens other than the patient had relapsed to.
Methods: 29 Egyptian HCV G4 DAA failure patients were retreated by switch to a new DAA class from first- generation DAA regimens than the patient had relapsed to independent of RAS testing. 25 out of these 29 patients completed retreatment and 4 patients were lost for follow–up.
Results: Among other risk factors, by logistic regression analysis, only older age, high CTP score and high base-line viral load were independent predictors of DAA failure among our cohort. Also SOF/RBV regimen was the most common prior DAA regimen associated with treatment failure (48.3%).
All our DAA failure patients were cirrhotics that made prompt retreatment of them a rescue strategy to halt viral replication and disease progression.
After retreatment, 22 (88%) of the 25 patients who completed retreatment achieved SVR12 and the remaining 3 (12%) failed.
These 3 patients completed a second retreatment, one achieved SVR and the other 2 relapsed again (re-relapsers)
Conclusion: The overall SVR rate (88%) demonstrated in this real –world study, clearly shows that, the retreatment policy of DAA failure patients by switch to – or addition of a new drug class independent of RAS testing is a good retreatment option, that may be of importance for many areas of the world with no or difficult access to RAS testing or second-generation rescue regimens.
What about the Antibacterial Activity of Fresh Ginger Juice (Zingiber officinale)?
Authors: Günaydın E. , Goncagül Gülşen , Güceyü Çiğdem , Kardoğan Ö. 
Published: September 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the juice obtained by squeezing fresh ginger roots (Zingiber officinale) against the standard strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922), as well as Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients hospitalized in intensive care units.
Methods: For this purpose, the antibacterial effect of the fresh ginger juice was tested against antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, meropenem, colistin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, and gentamicin. The antibacterial effects against the tested bacteria were determined by the disc diffusion method using 5 µL, 10 µL, 15 µL and 20 µL amounts of ginger juice impregnated on sterile discs.
Results: As a result of the study, it was detected that the antibacterial effect increased in parallel with the increasing amounts of fresh ginger juice in all tested bacteria.
Conclusion: Consequently, fresh Zingiber officinale can provide protection to a certain extent against bacterial pathogens due to its antibacterial action.
Occurence of Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus in Hepatitis C Patients at Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Sajid , Tunio Ikram Ahmed , Farzana Rukia , Rajput Muhammad Siddique , Shah Qararo , Samtio Saima , Joyo Saleem Ahmed , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To evaluate frequency of Hepatitis C virus Genotypes in Hepatitis C patients reported at Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 223 hepatitis C patients who fulfilled the criteria at hepatitis OPD of Civil Hospital Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. After taken Patient consent, blood sample were collected for HCV genotyping, which were performed by a qualified pathologist. The collected data statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 22 software.
Result: Out of 223 patients, male patients were 167 and females patients were 56, rural patients were 130 where as 93 patients were from urban area, 30 patients were of age from 20-25 years, 41 were of age from 26-30 years, 60 were of 31-35 years, 54 were of 36-40 years, 16 were of 41-45 years, 13 were of 46-50 years, 7 were of 51-55 years, 2 were of 56-60 years, out of total n=11 patients have genotype1, n=4 have genotype2, n=204 have genotype3, n=3 have genotype4, n=1 have genotype5, whereas no any patient have genotype 6.
Conclusion: This study concluded that genotype 3 is most dominant among other genotypes in reported patients of hepatitis c virus infection at civil hospital Khairpur.
Nephrectomy in Patient of Chronic Pyelonephritis with Non Functioning Kidney on Left Side: A Case Report
Authors: Morey Swapna G. , Sharma Ranjana , Ghungrud Deepali 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: There are two types of renal surgery i.e. partial nephrectomy and one other is total nephrectomy. Mostly, nephrostomy performs in malignant tumors of the renal. Sometimes it performs in kidney injury due to that no longer function and it may create any obstructive disorder in the renal system.
Patient Information: A 45-year-old male patient presented with complaints of pain in the abdomen since 4 months. The patient was advised to ultrasonography abdomen and pelvis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) abdomen and pelvis were done. Previous treatment was undergone left-sided PCN for gross hydronephrosis of the left kidney. But after 4 months patient developed abdomen pain which was insidious in onset and progressive in nature. The pain was dull aching, in the left loin region, radiating to the back and intermittent. There are no aggravating or relieving factors associated with it and the patient is now referred to our hospital for further management patient was admitted to the male surgical ward. After the surgery planed left simple nephrectomy. Post-operative medication given, Inj. Revotaz (Piperacillin and tazobactam) 4.45 gm, Inj. Nirmet (Metronidazole) 100 ml, Inj Pantomay (Pantoprazole) 40 mg, Inj. Setron (Ondansetron) 4 mg, Inj tramadex (Tramadol hydrochloride) 100 mg, Inj temfix IV (Paracetamol) 100 ml.
Discussion: Nephrectomy is one of the urologists conducting the most common ablative surgery. A non-functional kidney or an irreversibly impaired kidney is the commonest sign for a nephrectomy. Chronic infection, obstruction, calculus disease and serious traumatic injury are other typical indications for nephrectomy.
Conclusion: In this case, the patient was on a closed monitor. To accomplish overall the situation during the time of surgery. Over all the patient response was positive for conservative and nursing management and after treatment the patient was discharged without any postoperative complications and satisfaction with full recovery.
Factors Influencing the Consumption of Fast Food among Young Adults
Authors: Rajini S. , Kannan K. , Selvi Tamil 
Published: September 2021

Background: The habit of consuming the fast- foods and packed foods are increased among the people in developing countries. Besides, several studies showed that the fast- food eating brings higher risks for developing the physiological imbalances such as obesity, over – weight even in younger generation. The fast foods ensure for important features such as easy availability, tastes good, convenient, and has friendly- packing than the traditional food items. Due to such kind of life style modifications, the ratio of fast – food habitats in younger and adolescents are highly increasing in compare to the older and middle aged people. The increase is inevitable in different age groups in recent years. These food habit modifications make a turn in traditional systems and attract the great attention against the public health concern.
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the fast-food consumption in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the preference, prevalence and pattern of fast food consumption among the young adults.
Results and Discussion: The study showed that many of the students unavoidably skipping the morning foods due to study pressure, morning – hurry and they had them at late- morning hours from the fast- foods outlets such as canteens or other hotels. Though, 90.7% of the students know the importance and negative consequences of break- fast skipping that are related to consumption of excessive fast- food habits, they have been severely addicted with the fast- foods.
Conclusion: As a conclusion, the present study showed the importance of initiating the specific health programs, dietary guidelines and effective awareness for addressing the unhealthy issues related with the fast- food consumption among the student community.
Relationship of Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) Between Maternal and Perinatal in Patients
Authors: Neranjana Manimekalai, 
Published: September 2021

Background: Alcohol amniotic, a protecting fluid that surround the embryo. It protects from concussion, pressure, desiccation, reminiscent of the aquatic origin of life. Adequate amount of amniotic fluid is essential requirement for the normal development and it acts like a cushion against trauma, agitation and accidental impulsions. It has also bacteriostatic properties and prevents the infection of many bacterial infections.
Aim: To assess the maternal and fetal outcome in cases with normal and abnormal Amniotic Fluid Index levels.
Results: The mode of delivery was spontaneous vaginal delivery followed by Assisted VD, Elective CS, Emergency CS respectively. It was affected by amount of liquor since, low AFI group 35 (75%) patients ended up in cesarean section for fetal distress. While in control group 63(18.3%) patients had caesarean section.
Conclusion: Early neonatal death was seen in 0.2%, 4.5% and 70.5% newborns were born to pregnant women with normal AFI, oligohydramnios respectively. 70.5% neonates born to pregnant women with oligohydramnios had NICU admission. All cases were admitted in NICU because of respiratory distress.
Experimental Study of Polyethylene Fusion by Scheffler Solar Concentrator
Authors: Dabilgou Dieudonné , Ouedraogo Salifou , Ouedraogo Adelaide Lareba , Maurice Ky Thierry Sikoudouin , Korgo Bruno , Kam Sié , Bathiebo Dieudonné Joseph 
Published: September 2021

Aims: The present work is the use of Scheffler technology to melt plastic waste to produce composite materials using an oven type receiver. The composite material in this study contains polyethylene as a matrix and sand as reinforcement.
Study Design: The fusion temperature of polyethylene is about 200°C and is obtained by solar concentration. The experimental plastic melting unit in Saaba (latitude 12.38° N; longitude -1.43° E), Burkina Faso, uses two 8 m² Scheffler concentrators sharing a cubic receiver. Three types of mirrors with a reflectivity of at least 90% are used as reflecting facets to equip the Scheffler dishes at the site.
Methodology: The thermal behavior of the receiver is analyzed experimentally. Temperatures are measured on the inner and outer walls as well as the internal air temperature with 5 K-type thermocouples. When the fusion temperature is reached on the inside, we introduce the plastic waste which has been previously washed, crushed, dried and weighed.
Results: The installed model obtained an average energy of 1.80 kW at the receiver and an average internal temperature of 251.15°C for an average irradiance of 623 W/m² during the no-load test. During the load test, an average energy of 1.34 kW and an internal temperature of 206.4°C were reached for an average irradiance of 473 W/m² and an optical efficiency of 56%. This test led to the production of two pavers of the composite material matrix with 2.2 kg of plastic waste.
Conclusion: These results show that the profiles of the primary reflector, tracking system, and tilt axis are accurate and the maximum concentrated solar flux converges on the absorbing surfaces of the receiver. The tempered panes of the absorbing surfaces is more transparent and less emissive. Thus our device contributes to the valorization of plastic waste by using a non-polluting energy source.
Race Differences in Postacute Physical Therapy Utilization and Patient‐Reported Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bove Allyn M. , Hausmann Leslie R. M. , Piva Sara R. , Brach Jennifer S. , Lewis Allen , Fitzgerald G. Kelley 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis observational cohort study included patients of Black and White race and non‐Hispanic ethnicity with end‐stage knee osteoarthritis who were scheduled to receive total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. Our objective was to examine whether race differences exist in the use of physical therapy (PT) across all postacute settings and to examine patient‐reported physical function following TKA.MethodsWe collected pre‐ and postoperative physical function data and postoperative rehabilitation data on 104 Black and White individuals undergoing TKA. Regression analyses and independent samples t‐tests were used to explore the predictive value of race on postoperative functional outcome and to compare PT utilization within each postacute setting and across all postacute rehabilitation settings.ResultsTotal PT received was similar between White and Black participants, but significant race differences in PT utilization existed within specific settings. Race did not significantly predict function after TKA, but Black participants had slightly lower self‐reported function both before and after surgery than White participants.ConclusionThis is the first study to examine both PT utilization and functional outcomes in a sample of individuals undergoing TKA, and results indicate differences in where postoperative PT is received between Black and White patients.
Large‐Diameter Carbon Nanotube Transparent Conductor Overcoming Performance–Yield Tradeoff
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Han Jiye , Datta Sukanta , Wei Nan , Ding Er‐Xiong , Hussain Aqeel , Ahmad Saeed , Skakalova Viera , Khan Abu Taher , Liao Yong‐Ping , Tavakkoli Mohammad , Peng Bo , Mustonen Kimmo , Kim Dawoon , Chung In , Maruyama Shigeo , Jiang Hua , Jeon Il , Kauppinen Esko I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method for producing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has demonstrated great potential in transparent conductive film (TCF) application. In FCCVD, reducing the concentration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a well‐agreed method of improving the conductivity of SWNT TCF, achieved by producing thinner and longer CNT bundles. However, this method decreases the yield dramatically, which has persisted throughout the TCF development. Here, the production of large‐diameter double‐walled CNT (DWNT) TCFs via FCCVD is reported, which overcomes the tradeoff between performance and yield. These TCFs of DWNTs with an average diameter of ≈4 nm have a low sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq−1 at 90% transmittance. The conductivity here aligns with the best‐performing SWNT TCFs reported to date, showing a production yield greater than two orders of magnitude. The main factor contributing to the high performance and yield is considered to be the large tube diameter, which greatly improves the yield threshold of CNT bundling and leads to long tube length and unique junctions broadening. Moreover, the application of DWNT TCFs in perovskite solar cells exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 17.4%, which has not been reported yet in indium‐free CNT‐based solar cells.
Energy Storing Plant Stem with Cytocompatibility for Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Liang Jieying , Yu Mengying , Liu Jian , Yu Zhichun , Liang Kang , Wang Da‐Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEndowing natural biological objects, such as plants or their parts, with non‐native and targeted electroactivity is an appealing challenge in nano‐biotechnology, which if addressed will circumvent the biomass carbonization and promote the emission‐free transformation of raw bioresources for green energy. Here, a general concept to produce supercapacitor electrodes from plant stems is reported, which exhibit promising electroactivity and cytocompatibility. The core innovation is to apply a conformal electroactive coating onto the surfaces of hyperbranched channels of plant stem by interfacial self‐assembly. The electroactive plant stem can be employed as a functional supercapacitor electrode, the capacitance of which is up to 2.35 F. Furthermore, more than 98% cell viability is well maintained after the plant stem electrode is incubated with MCF‐7 cells for 72 h, and even after 100 discharge–recharge cycles, suggesting this plant stem electrode has excellent cytocompatibility and cycling stability. This energy storing plant stem gives rise to new opportunities for integrating natural bioresources with artificial electroactive nanomaterials for cytocompatible energy storage devices.
Calcium Phosphate‐Reinforced Metal‐Organic Frameworks Regulate Adenosine‐Mediated Immunosuppression
Authors: Liang Ling , Yang Lei‐Lei , Wang Wenjie , Ji Cailing , Zhang Lei , Jia Yiyi , Chen Yuxia , Wang Xueqiang , Tan Jie , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Yuan Quan , Tan Weihong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong‐term accumulation of adenosine (Ado) in tumor tissues helps to establish the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and to promote tumor development. Regulation of Ado metabolism is particularly pivotal for blocking Ado‐mediated immunosuppression. The activity of adenosine kinase (ADK) for catalyzing the phosphorylation of Ado plays an essential role in regulating Ado metabolism. Specifically, accumulated Ado in the tumor microenvironment occupies the active site of ADK, inhibiting the phosphorylation of Ado. Phosphate can protect ADK from inactivation and restore the activity of ADK. Herein, calcium phosphate‐reinforced iron‐based metal‐organic frameworks (CaP@Fe‐MOFs) are designed to reduce Ado accumulation and to inhibit Ado‐mediated immunosuppressive response in the tumor microenvironment. CaP@Fe‐MOFs are found to regulate the Ado metabolism by promoting ADK‐mediated phosphorylation and relieving the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Moreover, CaP@Fe‐MOFs can enhance the antitumor immune response via Ado regulation, including the increase of T lymphocytes and dendritic cells and the decrease of regulatory T lymphocytes. Finally, CaP@Fe‐MOFs are used for cancer treatment in mice, alleviating the Ado‐mediated immunosuppressive response and achieving tumor suppression. This study may offer a general strategy for blocking the Ado‐mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and further for enhancing the immunotherapy efficacy in vivo.
Boron Nitride Nanosheets Can Induce Water Channels Across Lipid Bilayers Leading to Lysosomal Permeabilization
Authors: Lucherelli Matteo Andrea , Qian Xuliang , Weston Paula , Eredia Matilde , Zhu Wenpeng , Samorì Paolo , Gao Huajian , Bianco Alberto , von dem Bussche Annette 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile the interaction between 2D materials and cells is of key importance to the development of nanomedicines and safe applications of nanotechnology, still little is known about the biological interactions of many emerging 2D materials. Here, an investigation of how hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) interacts with the cell membrane is carried out by combining molecular dynamics (MD), liquid‐phase exfoliation, and in vitro imaging methods. MD simulations reveal that a sharp hBN wedge can penetrate a lipid bilayer and form a cross‐membrane water channel along its exposed polar edges, while a round hBN sheet does not exhibit this behavior. It is hypothesized that such water channels can facilitate cross‐membrane transport, with important consequences including lysosomal membrane permeabilization, an emerging mechanism of cellular toxicity that involves the release of cathepsin B and generation of radical oxygen species leading to cell apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, two types of hBN nanosheets, one with a rhomboidal, cornered morphology and one with a round morphology, are prepared, and human lung epithelial cells are exposed to both materials. The cornered hBN with lateral polar edges results in a dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect, whereas round hBN does not cause significant toxicity, thus confirming our premise.
Synergistic Therapy of a Naturally Inspired Glycopolymer‐Based Biomimetic Nanomedicine Harnessing Tumor Genomic Instability
Authors: Duan Zhenyu , Luo Qiang , Dai Xinghang , Li Xiaoling , Gu Lei , Zhu Hongyan , Tian Xiaohe , Zhang Hu , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInspired by natural saccharide‐protein complexes, a stimuli‐responsive biodegradable and branched glycopolymer–pyropheophorbide‐a (Ppa) conjugate (BSP) with saccharide units for cancer therapy is constructed. A linear glycopolymeric conjugate (LSP), a branched glycopolymeric conjugate (BShP) from Ppa with long carbon chains, and a branched conjugate (BHSP) based on poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (polyHPMA) without saccharide units are prepared as controls. Through structure–activity relationship studies, BSP with a 3D network structure forms stable nanostructures via weak intermolecular interactions, regulating the stacking state of Ppa to improve the singlet oxygen quantum yield and the corresponding photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect. BSP shows high loading of olaparib, and are further coated with tumor cell membranes, resulting in a biomimetic nanomedicine (CM‐BSPO). CM‐BSPO shows highly efficient tumor targeting and cellular internalization properties. The engulfment of CM‐BSPO accompanied with laser irradiation results in a prominent antitumor effect, evidenced by disruption of cell cycles in tumor cells, increased apoptosis and DNA damage, and subsequent inhibition of repair for damaged DNA. The mechanism for the synergistic effect from PDT and olaparib is unveiled at the genetic and protein level through transcriptome analysis. Overall, this biodegradable and branched glycopolymer–drug conjugate could be effectively optimized as a biomimetic nanomedicine for cancer therapy.
Enhancement of Mass Transfer for Facilitating Industrial‐Level CO2 Electroreduction on Atomic NiN4 Sites
Authors: Chen Baotong , Li Boran , Tian Ziqi , Liu Wenbo , Liu WenPing , Sun Weiwei , Wang Kang , Chen Liang , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerein, an active catalyst A‐Ni@CMK is developed with the atomically dispersed NiN4 moieties on the mesoporous carbon for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) through a step‐by‐step pore‐filling synthetic strategy. Concretely, the as‐synthesized catalyst A‐Ni@CMK exhibits outstanding catalytic performance for CO2RR in the H‐cell with a Faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO) > 80% in a wide electrochemical potential window (−0.5 to −0.9 V vs RHE) and a large CO partial current density (jCO) of 24 and 51 mA cm−2 at −0.6 and −0.8 V versus RHE, respectively. Notably, jCO for A‐Ni@CMK can further reach the industrial‐level values of 366 mA cm−2 at −0.8 V versus RHE, respectively, with the FECO > 95% in the flow cell, surpassing those for all the thus far reported NiNC catalysts and representing one of the best values for the catalysts for CO2RR. Moreover, comparative experimental studies in combination with density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the intrinsic high activity of the atomic NiN4 sites towards CO2RR results in high selectivity. Nevertheless, the mesoporous channels favor the mass transmission for both reactant CO2 and gas‐product CO, which in turn enhances the reaction kinetics, leading to the improved overall performance of the as‐prepared A‐Ni@CMK catalyst for CO2‐to‐CO conversion.