bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microorganism‐Assisted Biohydrogen Production and Bioreactors
Authors: Singh Himanshi , Paritosh Kunwar , Vivekanand Vivekanand , Pareek Nidhi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroorganism‐assisted biohydrogen (BioH2) is an encouraging replacement of fossil‐based fuels as feasible preference for various chemical and mechanical processes. BioH2 is capable to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and solve environmental issues, therefore, numerous studies addressed optimization of operation design, microbial actions, certain addition of chemicals or nanoparticles, pretreatment of algal biomass, diminishing sensibility of enzymes towards O2, integration with different processes for biorefinery approach, reducing costs, bioelectrochemical cell membranes, and others. The present review focuses on model organisms employed for the microorganism‐assisted biohydrogen production. Metabolic pathways such as biophotolysis, photofermentation, and dark fermentation were discussed for providing deep insight of microorganism‐aided biohydrogen production.
Optimization of Operation Conditions for Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework/Polydimethylsiloxane Hybrid Pervaporation Membranes
Authors: Pan Yong , Zhu Chen , Fu Pei , Zeng Wenbin , Chen Chi , Xu Baoming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe separation performance of a membrane is not only related to the membrane, but also to the operating conditions. The operation conditions of superhydrophobic zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 (S‐ZIF‐90)/polydimethylsiloxane hybrid membranes for pervaporation were optimized using response surface methodology. The separation performances of hybrid membranes were evaluated by regulating the rotation rate, operation temperature, and feed concentration. The regression equations between the operation variables and the separation performance of the hybrid membranes were established and applied to predict and optimize the separation performance of these membranes. The main effects, quadratic effects, and interactions of the three variables on the permeation flux and the separation factor of hybrid membranes were analyzed.
Effects of Flocculant Concentration and Temperature on the Membrane Separation Process in Microalgal Suspensions
Authors: Nishimura Thiago , Garcia Lesak Giuliana Varela , Alves Xavier Lorenna , Bruno Vieira Rafael , Bellin Mariano André 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBy using different flocculant concentrations and temperatures with a tannin‐based flocculant, chitosan, and ferric chloride, the performance of a combined flocculation and membrane separation process in microalgal suspensions was evaluated. Permeate flux experiments were conducted for 30 min, and the effects of the flocculant concentration and temperature were analyzed. The zeta potential of the culture with and without flocculant approached zero with increasing temperature, in favor of microalgal cell agglomeration. At 40 °C, crossflow microfiltration showed a 27 % improvement in the permeate flux compared to 20 °C. Overall, the results showed a significant potential use of flocculants with increasing temperature, by providing considerably higher permeated fluxes.
Orthogonal Catalysis for an Enantioselective Domino Inverse‐Electron Demand Diels−Alder/Substitution Reaction
Authors: Beeck Sebastian , Ahles Sebastian , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn enantioselective domino process for the synthesis of substituted 1,2‐dihydronaphthalenes has been developed by the combination of chiral amines and a bidentate Lewis acid in an orthogonal catalysis. This new method is based on an inverse electron‐demand Diels−Alder and a subsequent group exchange reaction. An enamine is generated in situ from an aldehyde and a chiral secondary amine catalyst that reacts with phthalazine, activated by the coordination to a bidentate Lewis acid catalyst. The absolute configuration of the product is controlled by chiral information provided by the amine. The formed ortho‐quinodimethane intermediate is then transformed via a group exchange reaction with thiols. The new method shows a broad scope and tolerates a wide range of functional groups with enantiomeric ratios up to 91 : 9. All‐in‐all, this enantioselective synthesis tool provides an easy access to complex 1,2‐dihydronaphthalenes starting from readily available phthalazine, aldehydes and thiols in a combinatorial way.
Multigram‐scale enzymatic kinetic resolution of trans‐2‐azidocyclohexyl acetate and chiral reversed‐phase HPLC analysis of trans‐2‐azidocyclohexanol
Authors: Hebda Paulina , Wiśniowska Lilianna , Szafrański Przemysław W. , Cegła Marek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLipase‐catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution is a method of obtaining optically pure chiral alcohols and amines, which requires additional tools for determining enantiomerical purity. Herein, we present a study on multigram‐scale hydrolytic kinetic resolution of trans‐2‐azidocyclohexyl acetate using Pseudomonas cepacia lipase immobilized on Immobead support. We investigated several parameters of the preparative‐scale process: temperature, organic co‐solvent, and the influence of calcium ions. Moreover, we have developed an efficient fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc‐Cl) derivatization protocol for 2‐azidocyclohexanol, which enabled chiral reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) determination of enantiomeric excess.
Evaluation of viscoelastic surfactant‐based diverting agent during the chemical treatment of sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Nazari Moghaddam Rasoul , van Doorn Marcel , Dos Santos Auribel , Oskarsson Hans , Heck Kiernan , Ferm Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe challenges of diversion during the stimulations of carbonate formations have been widely studied for decades. It has been shown that viscoelastic surfactants (VES) are among the effective diverting solutions which can be used during the stimulation of carbonate formations. These chemicals benefit from the reaction products between the acid and the calcite to increase the viscosity of the acid, therefore reducing, temporarily, the permeability of the first invaded rock layer, which holds the highest permeability. This temporary blockage steers the remaining acid to the layers with lower permeability that need treatment. This is usually called self‐diverting acidizing treatment. However, the same approach may not necessarily be applied for sandstone formations that are not calcite rich. In such cases, combining acid stages with batches of diverting agents is still feasible. For this approach, VES is also a suitable, non‐damaging solution that is often overlooked. In this study, the application of VES as a diverting agent was investigated during the chemical treatment operations in sandstone formations. Several dual core‐flooding experiments were performed at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions using sandstone core samples with high permeability contrast.
AAV‐BR1 targets endothelial cells in the retina to reveal their morphological diversity and to deliver Cx43
Authors: Ivanova Elena , Corona Carlo , Eleftheriou Cyril G. , Stout Randy F. , Körbelin Jakob , Sagdullaev Botir T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) are key players in the development and maintenance of the vascular tree, the establishment of the blood–brain barrier and control of blood flow. Disruption in ECs is an early and active component of vascular pathogenesis. However, our ability to selectively target ECs in the CNS for identification and manipulation is limited. Here, in the mouse retina, a tractable model of the CNS, we utilized a recently developed AAV‐BR1 system to identify distinct classes of ECs along the vascular tree using a GFP reporter. We then developed an inducible EC‐specific ectopic Connexin 43 (Cx43) expression system using AAV‐BR1‐CAG‐DIO‐Cx43‐P2A‐DsRed2 in combination with a mouse line carrying inducible CreERT2 in ECs. We targeted Cx43 because its loss has been implicated in microvascular impairment in numerous diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and vascular edema. GFP‐labeled ECs were numerous, evenly distributed along the vascular tree and their morphology was polarized with respect to the direction of blood flow. After tamoxifen induction, ectopic Cx43 was specifically expressed in ECs. Similarly to endogenous Cx43, ectopic Cx43 was localized at the membrane contacts of ECs and it did not affect tight junction proteins. The ability to enhance gap junctions in ECs provides a precise and potentially powerful tool to treat microcirculation deficits, an early pathology in numerous diseases.
A standardised hERG phenotyping pipeline to evaluate KCNH2 genetic variant pathogenicity
Authors: Oliveira‐Mendes Barbara , Feliciangeli Sylvain , Ménard Mélissa , Chatelain Frank , Alameh Malak , Montnach Jérôme , Nicolas Sébastien , Ollivier Béatrice , Barc Julien , Baró Isabelle , Schott Jean‐Jacques , Probst Vincent , Kyndt Florence , Denjoy Isabelle , Lesage Florian , Loussouarn Gildas , De Waard Michel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsMutations in KCNH2 cause long or short QT syndromes (LQTS or SQTS) predisposing to life‐threatening arrhythmias. Over 1000 hERG variants have been described by clinicians, but most remain to be characterised. The objective is to standardise and accelerate the phenotyping process to contribute to clinician diagnosis and patient counselling. In silico evaluation was also included to characterise the structural impact of the variants.MethodsWe selected 11 variants from known LQTS patients and two variants for which diagnosis was problematic. Using the Gibson assembly strategy, we efficiently introduced mutations in hERG cDNA despite GC‐rich sequences. A pH‐sensitive fluorescent tag was fused to hERG for efficient evaluation of channel trafficking. An optimised 35‐s patch‐clamp protocol was developed to evaluate hERG channel activity in transfected cells. R software was used to speed up analyses.ResultsIn the present work, we observed a good correlation between cell surface expression, assessed by the pH‐sensitive tag, and current densities. Also, we showed that the new biophysical protocol allows a significant gain of time in recording ion channel properties and provides extensive information on WT and variant channel biophysical parameters, that can all be recapitulated in a single parameter defined herein as the repolarisation power. The impacts of the variants on channel structure were also reported where structural information was available. These three readouts (trafficking, repolarisation power and structural impact) define three pathogenicity indexes that may help clinical diagnosis.ConclusionsFast‐track characterisation of KCNH2 genetic variants shows its relevance to discriminate mutants that affect hERG channel activity from variants with undetectable effects. It also helped the diagnosis of two new variants. This information is meant to fill a patient database, as a basis for personalised medicine. The next steps will be to further accelerate the process using an automated patch‐clamp system.
The metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids ADB‐BUTINACA and ADB‐4en‐PINACA and their detection in forensic toxicology casework and infused papers seized in prisons
Authors: Kronstrand Robert , Norman Caitlyn , Vikingsson Svante , Biemans Anoek , Valencia Crespo Bryan , Edwards Darren , Fletcher Daniel , Gilbert Nicolas , Persson Mattias , Reid Robert , Semenova Olga , Al Teneiji Faisal , Wu Xiongyu , Dahlén Johan , NicDaéid Niamh , Tarbah Fuad , Sutcliffe Oliver B. , McKenzie Craig , Gréen Henrik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly warning systems detect new psychoactive substances (NPS), while dedicated monitoring programs and routine drug and toxicology testing identify fluctuations in prevalence. We report the increasing prevalence of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) ADB‐BUTINACA (N‐[1‐amino‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐oxobutan‐2‐yl]‐1‐butyl‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carbox‐amide). ADB‐BUTINACA was first detected in a seizure in Sweden in 2019, and we report its detection in 13 routine Swedish forensic toxicology cases soon after. In January 2021, ADB‐BUTINACA was detected in SCRA‐infused papers seized in Scottish prisons and has rapidly increased in prevalence, being detected in 60.4% of the SCRA‐infused papers tested between January and July 2021. In this work, ADB‐BUTINACA was incubated with human hepatocytes (HHeps), and 21 metabolites were identified in vitro, 14 being detected in authentic case samples. The parent drug and metabolites B9 (mono‐hydroxylation on the n‐butyl tail) and B16 (mono‐hydroxylation on the indazole ring) are recommended biomarkers in blood, while metabolites B4 (dihydrodiol formation on the indazole core), B9, and B16 are suitable biomarkers in urine. ADB‐4en‐PINACA (N‐[1‐amino‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐oxobutan‐2‐yl]‐1‐[pent‐4‐en‐1‐yl]‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxamide) was detected in Scottish prisons in December 2020, but, unlike ADB‐BUTINACA, prevalence has remained low. ADB‐4en‐PINACA was incubated with HHeps, and 11 metabolites were identified. Metabolites E3 (dihydrodiol formed in the tail moiety) and E7 (hydroxylation on the linked/head group) are the most abundant metabolites in vitro and are suggested as urinary biomarkers. The in vitro potencies of ADB‐BUTINACA (EC50, 11.5 nM and ADB‐4en‐PINACA (EC50, 11.6 nM) are similar to that of MDMB‐4en‐PINACA (EC50, 4.3 nM). A third tert‐leucinamide SCRA, ADB‐HEXINACA was also detected in prison samples and warrants further investigation.
Rethinking positional information and digit identity: The role of late interdigit signaling
Authors: Huang Bau‐Lin , Mackem Susan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSeminal work from John Fallon's lab has illuminated how digit identity determination involves ongoing late regulation and occurs progressively during phalanx formation. Complementary genetic analyses in mice and several papers in this special issue have begun to flesh out how interdigit signaling accomplishes this, but major questions remain unaddressed, including how uncommitted progenitors from which phalanges arise are maintained, and what factors set limits on digit extension and phalanx number, particularly in mammals. This review summarizes what has been learned in the two decades since control of digit identity by late interdigit signals was first identified and what remains poorly understood, and will hopefully spark renewed interest in a process that is critical to evolutionary limb adaptations but nevertheless remains enigmatic.
Droplet digital PCR as a tool for investigating dynamics of cryptic symbionts
Authors: Hiillos Anna‐Lotta , Thonig Anne , Knott Karelyn Emily 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInteractions among symbiotic organisms and their hosts are major drivers of ecological and evolutionary processes. Monitoring the infection patterns among natural populations and identifying factors affecting these interactions are critical for understanding symbiont–host relationships. However, many of these interactions remain understudied since the knowledge about the symbiont species is lacking, which hinders the development of appropriate tools. In this study, we developed a digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assay based on apicomplexan COX1 gene to detect an undescribed agamococcidian symbiont. We show that the method gives precise and reproducible results and enables detecting cryptic symbionts in low target concentration. We further exemplify the assay's use to survey seasonally sampled natural host (Pygospio elegans) populations for symbiont infection dynamics. We found that symbiont prevalence differs spatially but does not show seasonal changes. Infection load differed between populations and was low in spring and significantly increased towards fall in all populations. We also found that the symbiont prevalence is affected by host length and population density. Larger hosts were more likely to be infected, and high host densities were found to have a lower probability of infection. The observed variations could be due to characteristics of both symbiont and host biology, especially the seasonal variation in encounter rates. Our findings show that the developed ddPCR assay is a robust tool for detecting undescribed symbionts that are otherwise difficult to quantify, enabling further insight into the impact cryptic symbionts have on their hosts.
Use of extracorporeal circulation (ECLS/ECMO) for cardiac and circulatory failure –A clinical practice Guideline Level 3
Authors: Assmann Alexander , Beckmann Andreas , Schmid Christof , Werdan Karl , Michels Guido , Miera Oliver , Schmidt Florian , Klotz Stefan , Starck Christoph , Pilarczyk Kevin , Rastan Ardawan , Burckhardt Marion , Nothacker Monika , Muellenbach Ralf , Zausig York , Haake Nils , Groesdonk Heinrich , Ferrari Markus , Buerke Michael , Hennersdorf Marcus , Rosenberg Mark , Schaible Thomas , Köditz Harald , Kluge Stefan , Janssens Uwe , Lubnow Matthias , Flemmer Andreas , Herber‐Jonat Susanne , Wessel Lucas , Buchwald Dirk , Maier Sven , Krüger Lars , Fründ Andreas , Jaksties Rolf , Fischer Stefan , Wiebe Karsten , Hartog Christiane S. , Dzemali Omer , Zimpfer Daniel , Ruttmann‐Ulmer Elfriede , Schlensak Christian , Kelm Malte , Ensminger Stephan , Boeken Udo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAims Worldwide applications of extracorporeal circulation for mechanical support in cardiac and circulatory failure, which are referred to as extracorporeal life support (ECLS) or veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (va‐ECMO), have dramatically increased over the past decade. In spite of the expanding use and the immense medical as well as socio‐economic impact of this therapeutic approach, there has been a lack of interdisciplinary recommendations considering the best available evidence for ECLS treatment.Methods and Results In a multiprofessional, interdisciplinary scientific effort of all scientific societies involved in the treatment of patients with acute cardiac and circulatory failure, the first evidence‐ and expert consensus‐based guideline (level S3) on ECLS/ECMO therapy was developed in a structured approach under regulations of the AWMF (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany) and under use of GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) criteria. This article presents all recommendations created by the expert panel, addressing a multitude of aspects for ECLS initiation, continuation, weaning and aftercare as well as structural and personnel requirements.Conclusions This first evidence‐ and expert consensus‐based guideline (level S3) on ECLS/ECMO therapy should be used to apply the best available care nationwide. Beyond clinical practice advice, remaining important research aspects for future scientific efforts are formulated.
Synthesis, Reactivity and Electronic Properties of Quinazolin‐2‐one‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Brüggemann Peter , Mzyk Karol , Molter Marius , Nellesen Joscha , Schaper Klaus , Ganter Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electronic properties of a new member F of the family of cyclic (aryl)(amido)carbenes (CArAmC) have been determined. Suitable precursors can easily be obtained by a straightforward synthesis starting from 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde (5). Metal complexes (14, 15) and chalcogen adducts (12, 13) were prepared and their spectroscopic data were evaluated and compared with those reported for CArAmCs (C, D) and the mixed (amino)(amido)carbene E which is a constitutional isomer of the newly reported carbene F. The IR spectroscopic determination indicates an unexceptional TEP value of 2055 cm−1, whereas the strong π‐accepting character is reflected by a chemical shift of δ(77Se) 936 ppm for the Se‐adduct 12 a. However, a significant degree of electrophilic reactivity of the in situ‐generated carbene F was not observed, as, for example, no cyclopropanation reactions with olefins could be detected. DFT calculations provide a rationale for these experimental observations.
Decreasing anti‐elderly discriminatory attitudes: Conducting a ‘Stereotype Embodiment Theory’‐based intervention
Authors: Shimizu Yuho , Hashimoto Takaaki , Karasawa Kaori 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStereotype Embodiment Theory (SET) implies that people who hold negative attitudes towards the elderly are more likely to experience a decline in various cognitive/physical functions themselves. Anti‐elderly discriminatory attitudes, which negatively affect the elderly's health status, could be reduced by communicating the contents of SET to non‐elderly people. To weaken anti‐elderly discriminatory attitudes, in Study 1, we had participants read about SET and related empirical findings (SET intervention), which intended to increase their self‐interested motives for avoiding anti‐elderly discrimination. In Study 2, we conducted an ‘integrated intervention’ containing a SET intervention and one selected aspect of educational intervention (i.e., presenting some information about some commonly misunderstood aspects of the elderly). Consequently, the integrated/SET interventions reduced participants’ anti‐elderly discriminatory attitudes and these effects persisted for at least 1 week. Our new interventions will be useful for those who work with the elderly.
Sequential sampling approach to energy‐based multi‐objective design optimization of steel frames with correlated random parameters
Authors: Do Bach , Ohsaki Makoto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work presents a novel sequential sampling approach to the multi‐objective reliability‐based design optimization of moment‐resisting steel frames subjected to earthquake excitation. The optimization problem is formulated with two objective functions, namely, the total mass and the energy dissipated by beam members of the frame, and subject to uncorrelated probabilistic constraints on dynamic responses under the effects of correlated random parameters of floor masses, external loads, and material properties. The dynamic responses for a small number of designs are found by nonlinear response history analysis and further approximated by Gaussian process (GP) models to mitigate the computational burden during the optimization process. Approximate solutions sorted among existing candidate solutions are updated after each optimization iteration using discrete random local and global searches. The GP models are also refined after each optimization iteration by specifying new sampling points that lie on the Pareto front of a bi‐objective deterministic maximization problem formulated for the improvement in the current approximate solutions and the feasibility of the new sampling points. As demonstrated in a test problem, the new sampling points tend to distribute in the neighborhood of the exact solutions, thereby underpinning a quick termination as well as the robustness of the proposed method. Optimization results from the test problem and a design example show that good approximate solutions are always obtained as the solution quality converges.