bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoreceptor cilia, in contrast to primary cilia, grant entry to a partially assembled BBSome
Authors: Hsu Ying , Seo Seongjin , Sheffield Val C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The BBSome is a protein complex consisting of BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS8, BBS9 and BBS18 that associates with intraflagellar transport complexes and specializes in ciliary trafficking. In primary cilia, ciliary entry requires the fully assembled BBSome as well as the small GTPase, ARL6 (BBS3). Retinal photoreceptors possess specialized cilia. In light of key structural and functional differences between primary and specialized cilia, we examined the principles of BBSome recruitment to photoreceptor cilia. We performed sucrose gradient fractionation using retinal lysates of Bbs2−/−, Bbs7−/−, Bbs8−/− and Bbs3−/− mice to determine the status of BBSome assembly, then determined localization of BBSome components using immunohistochemistry. Surprisingly, we found that a subcomplex of the BBSome containing at least BBS1, BBS5, BBS8 and BBS9 is recruited to cilia in the absence of BBS2 or BBS7. In contrast, a BBSome subcomplex consisting of BBS1, BBS2, BBS5, BBS7 and BBS9 is found in Bbs8−/− retinas and is denied ciliary entry in photoreceptor cells. In addition, the BBSome remains fully assembled in Bbs3−/− retinas and can be recruited to photoreceptor cilia in the absence of BBS3. We compared phenotypic severity of their retinal degeneration phenotypes. These findings demonstrate that unlike primary cilia, photoreceptor cilia admit a partially assembled BBSome meeting specific requirements. In addition, the recruitment of the BBSome to photoreceptor cilia does not require BBS3. These findings indicate that the ciliary entry of the BBSome is subjected to cell-specific regulation, particularly in cells with highly adapted forms of cilia such as photoreceptors.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance in Spain: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Salmerón Paula , Viñado Belén , Arando Maider , Alcoceba Eva , Romero Beatriz , Menéndez Blanca , Bernal Samuel , Idigoras Pedro , Colomina Javier , Martin-Saco Gloria , Leal-Negredo Álvaro , Torreblanca Aurora , Martínez Olalla , Serra-Pladevall Judit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Gonococcal infection is one of the most reported sexually transmitted infections and antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is challenging for the treatment of this infection. This observational study aimed to describe antimicrobial resistance of NG and epidemiological data from patients with gonococcal infection in eight regions of Spain, for updating the local therapeutic guidelines.

Methods
MICs of penicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin and gentamicin were determined by Etest for all NG isolates recovered from 1 April 2018 to 30 September 2019 from 10 hospitals in Spain. Resistance determinants were identified using logistic regression analysis. Differences with a P value &lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 2571 gonococci isolated from 2429 patients. 44.5% (945/2124) of patients were MSM. The resistance rate to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was low, with 0.2% (6/2561) of isolates resistant to ceftriaxone and 1.7% (44/2517) of isolates resistant to cefixime. The overall azithromycin resistance rate was 12.1% (310/2560), but differed greatly depending on the area. 56.2% (1366/2429) of the strains studied were ciprofloxacin resistant. MIC50 and MIC90 values of gentamicin and fosfomycin were 4 and 8 mg/L and 24 and 48 mg/L, respectively.

Conclusions
Our study shows that NG susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins remains high in Spain. The azithromycin resistance rate questions the suitability of dual therapy. This study provides data of interest for updating the national treatment guidelines and highlights the need to develop and implement a national sentinel gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility programme.
Using machine learning to improve the accuracy of patient deterioration predictions: Mayo Clinic Early Warning Score (MC-EWS)
Authors: Romero-Brufau Santiago , Whitford Daniel , Johnson Matthew G , Hickman Joel , Morlan Bruce W , Therneau Terry , Naessens James , Huddleston Jeanne M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to develop a model for accurate prediction of general care inpatient deterioration.

Materials and Methods
Training and internal validation datasets were built using 2-year data from a quaternary hospital in the Midwest. Model training used gradient boosting and feature engineering (clinically relevant interactions, time-series information) to predict general care inpatient deterioration (resuscitation call, intensive care unit transfer, or rapid response team call) in 24 hours. Data from a tertiary care hospital in the Southwest were used for external validation. C-statistic, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and alert rate were calculated for different cutoffs and compared with the National Early Warning Score. Sensitivity analysis evaluated prediction of intensive care unit transfer or resuscitation call.

Results
Training, internal validation, and external validation datasets included 24 500, 25 784 and 53 956 hospitalizations, respectively. The Mayo Clinic Early Warning Score (MC-EWS) demonstrated excellent discrimination in both the internal and external validation datasets (C-statistic = 0.913, 0.937, respectively), and results were consistent in the sensitivity analysis (C-statistic = 0.932 in external validation). At a sensitivity of 73%, MC-EWS would generate 0.7 alerts per day per 10 patients, 45% less than the National Early Warning Score.

Discussion
Low alert rates are important for implementation of an alert system. Other early warning scores developed for the general care ward have achieved lower discrimination overall compared with MC-EWS, likely because MC-EWS includes both nursing assessments and extensive feature engineering.

Conclusions
MC-EWS achieved superior prediction of general care inpatient deterioration using sophisticated feature engineering and a machine learning approach, reducing alert rate.
The Production and Use of the Film It Stays With You: Use of Force by UN Peacekeepers in Haiti to Challenge the Exclusion of Survivors’ Experiences from Peacekeeping Success Stories
Authors: Wills Siobhán , McLaughlin Cahal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During its operations against gangs in the period 2004–2007 the UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) killed and injured many people who were not posing a threat to anyone and were not involved in criminal activity. In Operations Iron Fist (2005) and New Forest (2006) an estimated 60 people were killed, some by bullets fired from helicopters penetrating the roofs of their corrugated metal shacks. Survivors claim that no one from the UN or from any state agency has ever visited their neighbourhood to speak to them—‘it’s as though you’re worthless’. This article discusses the making of the film It Stays With You: Use of Force by UN Peacekeepers in Haiti—which was produced using participatory practices—and the project team’s use of the film to raise awareness of the need for reform of UN rules of engagement and for an investigation into excessive use of force by MINUSTAH. The article also discusses the use of the film to challenge the exclusion from the MINUSTAH success narrative of the stories of the people who live in the targeted community, and to provide a platform that might enable the experiences of survivors to be publicly acknowledged internationally. Funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council, It Stays With You forms part of an interdisciplinary law and film studies research project, which explores the role of film as a method of addressing trauma and as a means of highlighting the need for a human rights-oriented approach to accountability in the conduct of UN law enforcement operations.
Landowner Concern about Wildfires and Implementation of Fuel Reduction Treatments
Authors: Shrestha Anusha , Grala Robert K , Grado Stephen C , Roberts Scott D , Gordon Jason S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFuel reduction treatments implemented by nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners affect wildfire hazard potential on both their tracts and surrounding lands. However, it is not clear how concerned they are about wildfire damages and what actions they are willing to take to lower wildfire hazard. This study determined the landowner concern level about wildfire damages and identified factors affecting their concern and fuel treatment implementation using seemingly unrelated and binary probit models, respectively. Approximately, 68% of landowners were concerned about property damage due to wildfires, and 45% implemented some fuel reduction treatments. The most common and least costly fuel treatment was prescribed burning ($18/acre) followed by chemical ($59/acre) and mechanical ($127/acre) treatments. Raising awareness about potential monetary losses due to wildfires, assisting landowners in preparing written forest management plans, and prioritizing areas with predominant pine cover will encourage landowner participation in hazardous fuel reduction programs and facilitate more effective wildfire mitigation.
Species abundance is jointly determined by functional traits and negative density dependence in a subtropical forest in southern China
Authors: Wang Weitao , Jiang Yun , Li Buhang , Xi Nianxun , Chen Yongfa , He Dong , Feng Jiayi , Chu Chengjin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
The factors affecting species abundance are a subject of ongoing debates in community ecology. Empirical studies have demonstrated that tree abundance is affected by plant functional traits and negative density dependence (NDD). However, few studies have focused on the combined effects of NDD and plant functional traits on species abundance.

Methods
In this study, we used tree functional traits and two census data from a 50-ha forest dynamic plot in the Heishiding (HSD) Nature Reserve to explore the combined effects of functional traits and NDD on species abundance. Using hierarchical Bayesian models, we analyzed how neighbor densities affected the survival of saplings from 130 species and extracted posterior means of the coefficients to represent NDD. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was then applied to investigate the causal relationships among species functional traits, NDD and species abundance.

Important Findings
SEM showed that tree functional traits, including specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf N content (LNC), maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax) and conspecific adult negative density dependence (CNDDadult), together explained 20% of the total variation in tree abundance. Specifically, SLA affected tree abundance both directly and indirectly via CNDDadult, with a totally negative influence on abundance. LDMC and LNC had only indirect effects mediated by CNDDadult on tree abundance. ETRmax and LA had directly negative effects on abundance, but their direct connections with CNDDadult were not observed. In addition, CNDDadult was negatively correlated with species abundance, indicating that abundant species are under stronger NDD. Among these investigated traits, SLA contributed the most to the variation in CNDDadult and abundance. We argued that our findings of trait–CNDDadult–abundance relationships can improve our understanding of the determinants of species commonness and rarity in forests.
Psychosocial Moderators and Outcomes of a Randomized Effectiveness Trial for Child Asthma
Authors: Weinstein Sally M , Pugach Oksana , Rosales Genesis , Mosnaim Giselle S , Orozco Kimberly , Pappalardo Andrea A , Martin Molly A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Psychosocial factors play a role in child asthma morbidity and disparities, but their impact on asthma intervention effectiveness is less understood. This study examined how child, parent, and family psychosocial factors moderated asthma response to, and changed in response to, 2 community asthma interventions among urban minority youth.

Methods
Asthma Action at Erie was a randomized comparative effectiveness trial examining a community health worker (CHW) home intervention versus certified asthma educator (AE-C) services for children aged 5–16 with uncontrolled asthma (N = 223; mean age = 9.37, SD = 3.02; 85.2% Hispanic). Asthma control was assessed via the Asthma Control Test (ACT)/childhood ACT and activity limitation. Baseline child/parent depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, family chaos, and social support were examined as treatment moderators. We also tested intervention effects on psychosocial outcomes.

Results
For parents with higher baseline depression symptoms, youth in the CHW group had greater ACT improvement by 24 months (7.49 points) versus AE-C (4.76 points) and 51% reduction in days of limitation by 6 months versus AE-C (ß = −0.118; p = .0145). For higher parent PTSD symptoms, youth in CHW had 68% fewer days of limitation at 24 months versus AE-C (ß = −0.091; p = .0102). Psychosocial outcomes did not vary by group, but parent depression, parent and child PTSD symptoms, and social support improved for all.

Conclusions
CHW intervention was associated with improved asthma control among families with higher parent strain. Findings have implications for utilizing tailored CHW home interventions to optimize asthma outcomes in at-risk families.
Lymphocyte Aggregation in Low-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Walradth Eric A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Platelet and erythrocyte agglutination is known to happen in vitro due to EDTA or temperature-induced cold antibodies. Leukocyte agglutination is far less common, and its etiology is not always known. The 2 cases presented herein are of low-grade B-cell lymphomas consistent with splenic marginal-zone lymphoma that presented with lymphocyte agglutination. In Case A, the lymphocyte aggregates were not resolved by warming the sample or by non-EDTA anticoagulation. In Case B, the lymphocyte aggregates were largely resolved by warming the specimen at 37°C for 15 minutes. The 2 cases presented herein further show that the etiology of lymphocyte aggregation can have multiple causes, even within the same disease process.
Implications of recoil kicks for black hole mergers from LIGO/Virgo catalogs
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Loeb Abraham 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The first and second Gravitational Wave Transient Catalogs by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration include 50 confirmed merger events from the first, second, and first half of the third observational runs. We compute the distribution of recoil kicks imparted to the merger remnants and estimate their retention probability within various astrophysical environments as a function of the maximum progenitor spin (χmax), assuming that the LIGO/Virgo binary black hole (BBH) mergers were catalyzed by dynamical assembly in a dense star cluster. We find that the distributions of average recoil kicks are peaked at about $150\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, $250\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, $350\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, $600\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, for maximum progenitor spins of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, respectively. Only environments with escape speed ${\gtrsim}100\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, as found in galactic nuclear star clusters as well as in the most massive globular clusters and super star clusters, could efficiently retain the merger remnants of the LIGO/Virgo BBH population even for low progenitor spins (χmax = 0.1). In the case of high progenitor spins (χmax ≳ 0.5), only the most massive nuclear star clusters can retain the merger products. We also show that the estimated values of the effective spin and of the remnant spin of GW170729, GW190412, GW190519_153544, and GW190620_030421 can be reproduced if their progenitors were moderately spinning (χmax ≳ 0.3), while for GW190517_055101 if the progenitors were rapidly spinning (χmax ≳ 0.8). Alternatively, some of these events could be explained if at least one of the progenitors is already a second-generation BH, originated from a previous merger.
The SR-protein Npl3 is an essential component of the meiotic splicing regulatory network in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sandhu Rima , Sinha Aniketa , Montpetit Ben 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The meiotic gene expression program in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves regulated splicing of meiosis-specific genes via multiple splicing activators (e.g. Mer1, Nam8, Tgs1). Here, we show that the SR protein Npl3 is required for meiotic splicing regulation and is essential for proper execution of the meiotic cell cycle. The loss of Npl3, though not required for viability in mitosis, caused intron retention in meiosis-specific transcripts, inefficient meiotic double strand break processing and an arrest of the meiotic cell cycle. The targets of Npl3 overlapped in some cases with other splicing regulators, while also having unique target transcripts that were not shared. In the absence of Npl3, splicing defects for three transcripts (MER2, HOP2 and SAE3) were rescued by conversion of non-consensus splice sites to the consensus sequence. Methylation of Npl3 was further found to be required for splicing Mer1-dependent transcripts, indicating transcript-specific mechanisms by which Npl3 supports splicing. Together these data identify an essential function for the budding yeast SR protein Npl3 in meiosis as part of the meiotic splicing regulatory network.
Accelerator design for 1.3-MW beam power operation of the J-PARC Main Ring
Authors: Igarashi Susumu , Satou Kenichirou , Ohmori Chihiro , Arakaki Yoshitugu , Furusawa Masashi , Hara Keigo , Hasegawa Katsushi , Hashimoto Yoshinori , Hori Yoichiro , Hotchi Hideaki , Ishii Koji , Kadowaki Kotomi , Kamikubota Norihiko , Kimura Takuro , Kobayashi Aine , Koseki Tadashi , Kubota Chikashi , Kurimoto Yoshinori , Matsumoto Noriyuki , Miura Kazuki , Morita Yuichi , Murasugi Shigeru , Muto Ryotaro , Naito Fujio , Nakamura Takeshi , Niki Kazuaki , Nomura Masahiro , Ohmi Kazuhito , Okada Masashi , Okamura Katsuya , Oogoe Takao , Orii Asato , Sato Kenichi , Sato Yoichi , Sato Yoshihiro , Shibata Tatsunobu , Shimada Taihei , Shimamoto Masayuki , Shimogawa Tetsushi , Shirakata Masashi , Sugimoto Takuya , Sugiyama Yasuyuki , Takano Jumpei , Takiyama Yoichi , Tamura Fumihiko , Tejima Masaki , Tomizawa Masahito , Toyama Takeshi , Uota Masahiko , Yamada Shuei , Yamamoto Masanobu , Yamamoto Noboru , Yanaoka Eiichi , Yoshii Masahito 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The J-PARC Main Ring (MR) has supplied the high-intensity proton beam for the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment since 2010. The present beam power is 510 kW and the total number of protons on the target reaches $3.64\times10^{21}$. To observe charge-conjugation and parity-transformation (CP) violation in the lepton sector with high accuracy, more protons need to be delivered to the T2K target. The project to upgrade the beam power to 1.3 MW started as a mid-term plan of the MR. In parallel to preparing a full technical design report, the technical designs of hardware upgrades using new technologies and all accelerator components that are necessary to deliver the 1.3-MW beam power are summarized and consolidated in this short paper. Further, this paper includes beam dynamics studies and simulation results for handling $3.3\times 10^{14}$ protons per pulse (ppp) without significant beam loss in the ring and transport lines. The Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) project has recently been approved, and construction has started; the MR upgrade and HK project will work together efficiently to study the CP violation.
Application of the Modified Incremental Step Test for Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Authors: Burge Angela T , Rodrigues Jr Jose C , Abramson Michael J , Cox Narelle S , Bondarenko Janet , Webb Elizabeth , Marceau Tunya , Handley Emma , Macdonald Heather , Askin Annabel , Calasans Georgia A Santos Araújo , do Amaral Daniel Pereira , Dreger Julianna , Dal Corso Simone , Holland Anne E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
A Modified Incremental Step Test (MIST) performed in the home may facilitate entirely home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programs. The aims of this study were to investigate the reliability and responsiveness, and the utility of the MIST for exercise prescription in people with stable chronic lung disease.

Methods
The MIST was undertaken at the center and home in random order, before and after pulmonary rehabilitation, with 2 tests at each time point. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient. Responsiveness was evaluated as effect size. The minimal important difference was appraised using distribution and anchor-based methods. In a substudy, physiological responses to MIST were measured by a portable metabolic system, followed by a constant step rate test at 60% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), to evaluate utility for exercise prescription.

Results
Forty-six participants were recruited (29% of eligible candidates). There was excellent reliability for number of steps recorded in home- and center-based settings (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.954, 95% CI = 0.915–0.976). A small-moderate effect size was demonstrated following pulmonary rehabilitation (0.34), and the minimal detectable change was 7 steps. All participants in the substudy achieved 60% of VO2peak and achieved steady state by the fourth minute, with 60% of VO2peak corresponding to a mean 37% (95% CI = 29–44) of the MIST final level.

Conclusions
The MIST is reliable and responsive to pulmonary rehabilitation in people with stable chronic respiratory disease. It provides new opportunities to assess exercise capacity, prescribe exercise training, and reassess exercise program outcomes in environments where established field walking tests are not feasible.

Impact
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a highly effective treatment that is underutilized worldwide. Home-based pulmonary rehabilitation may improve access for patients and deliver equivalent clinical outcomes but is limited by the availability of a robust exercise test that can be used at home to assess exercise capacity and prescribe training intensity. This study tested the clinimetric properties of the MIST and demonstrated a new way to assess exercise capacity, prescribe exercise training of an appropriate intensity, and reassess exercise capacity in environments where established field walking tests are not feasible.