bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherited and Environmentally Induced Differences in Mutation Frequencies Between Wild Strains of Sordaria fimicola From “Evolution Canyon”
Authors: Lamb Bernard C , Saleem Muhammad , Scott William , Thapa Nina , Nevo Eviatar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We have studied whether there is natural genetic variation for mutation frequencies, and whether any such variation is environment-related. Mutation frequencies differed significantly between wild strains of the fungus Sordaria fimicola isolated from a harsher or a milder microscale environment in “Evolution Canyon,” Israel. Strains from the harsher, drier, south-facing slope had higher frequencies of new spontaneous mutations and of accumulated mutations than strains from the milder, lusher, north-facing slope. Collective total mutation frequencies over many loci for ascospore pigmentation were 2.3, 3.5 and 4.4% for three strains from the south-facing slope, and 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.3% for five strains from the north-facing slope. Some of this between-slope difference was inherited through two generations of selfing, with average spontaneous mutation frequencies of 1.9% for south-facing slope strains and 0.8% for north-facing slope strains. The remainder was caused by different frequencies of mutations arising in the original environments. There was also significant heritable genetic variation in mutation frequencies within slopes. Similar between-slope differences were found for ascospore germination-resistance to acriflavine, with much higher frequencies in strains from the south-facing slope. Such inherited variation provides a basis for natural selection for optimum mutation rates in each environment.
A Phase II Safety and Efficacy Study on Prognosis of Moderate Pneumonia in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients With Regular Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy
Authors: Raman R S , Bhagwan Barge Vijaykumar , Anil Kumar Darivenula , Dandu Himanshu , Rakesh Kartha R , Bafna Varun , Aravinda Vishaly T , Raghuram Thummala C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Currently, there is no specific drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therapeutic benefits of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) have been demonstrated in wide range of diseases. The present study is conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IVIG in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with moderate pneumonia.

Methods
An open-label, multicenter, comparative, randomized study was conducted on COVID-19 patients with moderate pneumonia. One hundred eligible patients were randomized in 1:1 ratio either to receive IVIG + standard of care (SOC) or SOC.

Results
Duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the IVIG group compared with that of SOC alone (7.7 vs 17.5 days). Duration for normalization of body temperature, oxygen saturation, and mechanical ventilation were significantly shorter in IVIG compared with SOC. Percentages of patients on mechanical ventilation in 2 groups were not significantly different (24% vs 38%). Median time to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction negativity was significantly shorter with IVIG than SOC (7 vs 18 days). There were only mild to moderate adverse events in both groups except for 1 patient (2%), who died in SOC.

Conclusions
Intravenous immunoglobulin was safe and efficacious as an adjuvant with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of COVID-19.
Deep Learning-Based Image Classification in Differentiating Tufted Astrocytes, Astrocytic Plaques, and Neuritic Plaques
Authors: Koga Shunsuke , Ghayal Nikhil B , Dickson Dennis W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based image classification model that can differentiate tufted astrocytes (TA), astrocytic plaques (AP), and neuritic plaques (NP) based on images of tissue sections stained with phospho-tau immunohistochemistry. Phospho-tau-immunostained slides from the motor cortex were scanned at 20× magnification. An automated deep learning platform, Google AutoML, was used to create a model for distinguishing TA in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from AP in corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and NP in Alzheimer disease (AD). A total of 1500 images of representative tau lesions were captured from 35 PSP, 27 CBD, and 33 AD patients. Of those, 1332 images were used for training, and 168 images for cross-validation. We tested the model using 100 additional test images taken from 20 patients of each disease. In cross-validation, precision and recall for each individual lesion type were 100% and 98.0% for TA, 98.5% and 98.5% for AP, and 98.0% and 100% for NP, respectively. In a test set, all images of TA and NP were correctly predicted. Only eleven images of AP were predicted to be TA or NP. Our data indicate the potential usefulness of deep learning-based image classification methods to assist in differential diagnosis of tauopathies.
Successful treatment of emphysematous cholecystitis by laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Funahashi Hitoshi , Komori Tetsuya , Sumita Naoki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) is a severe and rare variant of acute cholecystitis characterized by ischemia of the gallbladder wall with gas-forming bacterial proliferation. Open cholecystectomy is traditionally the gold standard approach to treatment due to difficulty in isolating Calot’s triangle in the setting of intense inflammation. We present a case of EC successfully and safely treated by laparoscopic surgery.
The Role of Lexical Collocation in Luther’s Translation of עָמָל (ʿāmāl) in Eccl. 1:3
Authors: Niggemann Andrew J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article investigates an unexplored facet of Luther’s translation of the Book of Ecclesiastes. It shows how he identified a technical linguistic phenomenon in the Hebrew text known as lexical collocation and how this ultimately shaped a number of his German renderings. This helps to solve an enigma concerning his translation of עָמָל (ʿāmāl) in Eccl. 1:3 in his Deutsche Bibel. This article also illuminates the role of intertexts in Luther’s Bible translation method, demonstrating how he frequently consulted, compared, and ultimately borrowed from multiple texts and languages to formulate his German renderings, far beyond the simple colloquial German of his day—the language of the ‘common man in the market’ and the ‘mother in the home’, which biographers of Luther so often cite. It also furthers the scholarly understanding of certain linguistic aspects of intertextuality which have not been discussed before. Finally, it identifies a number of important implications for Hebrew and German linguistics, Luther studies, and the history of medieval and early modern Bible translation. In short, this research opens up a new window, in an area never before addressed, for studies on one of the most important and influential Bible translators of all time.
How Did Esau Die? On Jewish–Gentile Relations in Pseudepigrapha and Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Hacham Noah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Bible is silent regarding the death of Esau, Jacob’s brother, but Second Temple and rabbinic literature filled the lacuna. Although similar in their basic narrative, these versions differ in significant details, most notably the circumstances of and the person responsible for Esau’s death. This paper examines the extent to which these accounts not only present different views of the fraternal relationship but also reflect divergent attitudes towards Jewish relations with the non-Jewish world that are dictated by the time and place of their authorship. Reflecting its diasporan setting, the version in the Babylonian Talmud, it is shown, employs a particularly complex tactic of message encryption.
Unmarried Lovers in the Song of Songs
Authors: Andruska J L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The unmarried status of the lovers in the Song of Songs stands out against the expected cultural norms of an ancient Israelite society and of other more conservative biblical writers. Yet, as this article will argue, human lovers in love songs throughout the ancient Near East appear to be unmarried. The Egyptian love songs depict unmarried human lovers, and a number of new and recently published Akkadian love songs also depict human lovers who appear to be unmarried. Chastity, at least for women, was a common cultural expectation throughout the ancient Near East. Yet, in their love songs the lovers are unmarried, and this contrast with the social expectations of their culture should alert us to the fact that it is likely a mark of genre. Genres need not reflect the social setting within which they are written, and artistic works, like love poetry, often do not depict actual circumstances. Unmarried human lovers appear to have been characteristic of the love song genre in the ancient Near East, and as this article will suggest, this may perhaps explain why the Song of Songs would have been permitted and even gained popularity in such a society.
Aneurysmal Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery in an Active Duty U.S. Military Male (Case Report)
Authors: Hussain Ali , Yiu Alvin C , Okonkwo Uzoagu A 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a rare case of four-vessel aortic arch with an aneurysmal aberrant right retro-esophageal subclavian artery (ARSA) in a healthy, asymptomatic active duty U.S. military male. ARSA has a prevalence of 0.6%-1.4%, of which ∼80%-84% are retro-esophageal ARSAs. Intrathoracic subclavian artery aneurysms are rare and often occur in association with congenital aortic arch anomalies and/or concomitant thoracic aortic pathology. This case adds to three previously documented cases of thoracic aortic disease (TAD) in the U.S. military and is the second documented case of ARSA in the U.S. military. This case highlights successful TAD identification in a service member before clinical decompensation.
While We Endure This Pandemic, What New Respiratory Virus Threats Are We Missing?
Authors: Gray Gregory C , Abdelgadir Anfal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we review recent human respiratory virus epidemics, their zoonotic nature, and our current inability to identify future prepandemic threats. We propose a cost-efficient, One Health surveillance strategy that will be more efficient and more sustainable than previous efforts.
The Role of Angioplasty Alone in Intracranial Atherosclerosis: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Cohen-Cohen Salomon , Lanzino Giuseppe , Brinjikji Waleed ,   The Endovascular Neurosurgery Research Group (ENRG), Arthur Adam , Bain Mark , Bendock Bernard , Jo Binning Mandy , Boulos Alan S , Crowley Webster , Fessler Richard , Grande Andrew , Guterman Lee , Hanel Ricardo , Hoit Daniel , Hopkins III L Nelson , Howington Jay , James Robert , Jankowitz Brian , Kan Peter , Khalessi Alex A , Kim Louis , Langer David , Lanzino Giuseppe , Levitt Michael , Levy Elad , Lopes Demetrius , Mack William , Mericle Robert , Mocco J , Ogilvy Chris , Pandey Aditya , Replogle Robert , Riina Howard , Ringer Andrew , Rodriguez Rafael , Saugaveau Eric , Schirmer Clemens , Siddiqui Adnan , Spiotta Alex , Sultan Ali , Tawk Rabih , Thomas Ajith , Turner Raymond , Veznedaroglu Erol , Welch Babu , White Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerosis disease (IAD) is the cause of stroke in up to 10% of cases. Symptomatic IAD results mainly from hypoperfusion, embolic phenomenon, and occlusion. Treatment consists of conservative management with aggressive medical treatment, surgery, and endovascular therapy.
1,2
This video is about a 62-yr-old male who presented with left-sided hemiparesis and right gaze preference secondary to an acute ischemic stroke in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory treated initially with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Head computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) revealed occlusion of the extracranial and cavernous segments of the internal carotid artery (ICA). CT perfusion (CTP) showed hypoperfusion in the MCA territory and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multifocal, wedge-shaped areas of restricted diffusion in the right hemisphere. During his hospitalization, he experienced worsening of his symptoms in the setting of hypoperfusion (hypotension). The patient underwent a cerebral angiogram with thrombectomy and submaximal angioplasty (SA). Successful revascularization of the right ICA was obtained. No procedure-related complications occurred, and the patient's neurological exam improved. SA can be as efficient and a safer option than conventional angioplasty or angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic IAD. The patient consented for the procedure and for the video production.
Predictors of Disability Attributed to Symptoms of Increased Interrecti Distance in Women after Childbirth: An Observational Study
Authors: Crommert Martin Eriksson , Flink Ida , Gustavsson Catharina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate how various physical and psychological factors are linked to disability attributed to symptoms from increased interrecti distance (IRD) in women after childbirth.MethodsIn this cross-sectional observational study, 141 women with an IRD of at least 2 finger-widths and whose youngest child was between the ages of 1 and 8 years participated. A multiple linear regression model was performed, with disability as the outcome variable and fear-avoidance beliefs, emotional distress, body mass index, lumbopelvic pain, IRD, and physical activity level as predictor variables.ResultsThe regression model accounted for 60% (R2 = 0.604, adjusted R2 = 0.586) of the variance in disability (F6,132 = 33.5). The 2 strongest predictors were lumbopelvic pain, with a regression coefficient of 1.4 (95% CI = 1.017 to 1.877), and fear avoidance, with a regression coefficient of 0.421 (95% CI = 0.287 to 0.555). The actual IRD, with a regression coefficient of −0.133 (95% CI = −1.154 to 0.888), did not contribute significantly to the variation in disability.ConclusionDisability attributed to symptoms from an increased IRD is explained primarily by the level of lumbopelvic pain but also by the degree of fear-avoidance beliefs and emotional distress.ImpactThis study highlights pain intensity and psychological factors as crucial factors for understanding disability attributed to increased IRD.
Hospitalizations for emergency-sensitive conditions in Germany during the Covid-19 pandemic Insights from the German-wide Helios hospital network
Authors: Bollmann Andreas , Hohenstein Sven , Pellissier Vincent , König Sebastian , Ueberham Laura , Hindricks Gerhard , Meier-Hellmann Andreas , Kuhlen Ralf 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile there are numerous reports that describe emergency care during the early Covid-19 pandemic, there is scarcity of data for later stages. This study analyzes hospitalization rates for 37 emergency-sensitive conditions in the largest German-wide hospital network during different pandemic phases.MethodsUsing claims data of 80 hospitals, consecutive cases between January 1 and November 17, 2020 were analyzed and compared to a corresponding period in 2019. Incidence-rate ratios (IRR) comparing the both periods were calculated using Poisson regression to model the number of hospitalizations per day.ResultsThere was a hospitalization deficit between March 12 and June 13, 2020 (coinciding with the 1st pandemic wave) with 32,807 hospitalizations as opposed to 39,379 in 2019 (IRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.82 – 0.85, P<0.01). During the following period (June 14 to November 17, 2020, including the start of 2nd wave), hospitalizations were reduced from 63,799 in 2019 to 59,910 in 2020, but this reduction was not that pronounced (IRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.93 – 0.95, P<0.01). There was an increase in hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, aortic aneurism/dissection and pulmonary embolism after the 1st wave during which hospitalizations had been reduced for those conditions. In contrast, hospitalizations for sepsis, pneumonia, obstructive pulmonary disease, and intracranial injuries were reduced during the entire pandemic.ConclusionsThere was an overall reduction of hospitalizations for emergency-sensitive conditions in Germany during the Covid-19 pandemic with heterogeneous effects on different disease categories. The increase of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, aortic aneurism/dissection and pulmonary embolism is an alarming signal that requires attention and further studies.KEY MESSAGESWhat is already known on this subjectThere has been a reduction in emergency room visits and hospital admissions for several emergent medical and surgical conditions during the early Covid-19 pandemic (1st wave).What this study addsUsing claims data of 80 German-wide Helios hospitals, we found an overall reduction of hospitalizations for emergency-sensitive conditions in Germany during the Covid-19 pandemic until mid November 2020 with heterogeneous effects on different disease categories. While hospitalizations for sepsis, pneumonia, obstructive pulmonary disease, and intracranial injuries were reduced during the entire pandemic. There was an alarming increase of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, aortic aneurism/dissection and pulmonary embolism after the 1st wave.
How has the prevalence of smoking cigarettes among HIV-infected patients changed over the last decade? Single-center analysis
Authors: Tochman Pola , Mikuła Tomasz , Wiercińska-Drapało Alicja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe WHO report from 2016 estimates the prevalence of smoking as 22% worldwide and 28% in Poland. The prevalence of smoking in HIV-infected persons is 2-3 times higher than in the general population. The study conducted in 2009 in our department among n=116 HIV-infected patients showed 87.1% smoking cigarettes at least 2.5 pack-years (85.0% of males and 93.5% of females). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the change in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among HIV-infected patients over the last decade.MethodsWe analyzed data from the survey conducted in n=204 HIV-infected patients hospitalized from November 2018 to November 2019 in our department. The survey included: age; sex, number of cigarettes smoked daily presently and in the past, the number of years as a smoker; the influence of HIV diagnosis on the number of cigarettes smoked.ResultsAmong all n=204 patients current smokers n=78/204 (38.2%) with n=65/176 (36.9%) males and n=13/28 (46.4%) females. Among all n=115 current smokers and ex-smokers n=29 (25.2%) diagnosing the HIV infection had an impact on their smoking habits: n=26 (89.7%) increased and n=3 - all males (10.3%) decreased the number of smoked cigarettes.ConclusionThe prevalence of smoking cigarettes among HIV-infected individuals in our department has decreased since 2009 but is still much higher than in the general population. The outcome indicates the need to improve smoking education provided by HIV care professionals. Smoking cessation guidance or treatment should become an integral part of HIV care for patients to fully benefit from antiretroviral therapy.
RNA expression classifiers from a model of breast epithelial cell organization to predict pathological complete response in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Chen Joan W. , Russell Ryan P. , Desai Trushna , Fiel-Gan Mary , Bhat Varun , de Fátima Dias Gaui Maria , Amendola Luis Claudio , Vasconcelos Zilton , Brufsky Adam M. , Fournier Marcia V. , Tannenbaum Susan H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is correlated with better outcomes for breast cancer, especially for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We developed RNA expression classifiers from a model of breast epithelial cell organization to predict which patients will achieve pCR to NAC, and which will have residual disease (RD). An exclusive collection of retrospective formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pretreatment biopsies from 222 multi-institutional breast cancer patients treated with NAC, including 90 TNBC patients, were processed using standard procedures. A novel strategy using machine learning algorithms and statistical cross-validation were used to develop predictive classifiers based on AmpliSeq differential gene expression analysis of patient samples. Two RNA expression classifiers of 18 genes and 15 genes applied sequentially to the total cohort, classified patients into three distinct classes which accurately identified 83.75% of pCR and 86.62% of RD patients in the total population, and 92.10% of pCR and 80.77% of RD patients in the TNBC subset. This new approach identified a subset of TNBC patients predicted to have RD showing significantly higher levels of Ki-67 expression and having significantly poorer survival rates than the other TNBC patients. Stratification of patients may allow identification of TNBC patients with the worst prognosis prior to NAC, allowing for personalized treatments with the potential to improve patient outcomes.Statement of SignificanceStratification of TNBC patients by prognosis prior to NAC, may allow for more personalized treatment approaches with the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce toxicity.
Analyzing Healthcare Safety Climate Through A Collaborative Filtering of Safety Attitudes Questionnaire for A Hospital Case Study
Authors: Huang Huiyu , Chou Chun-An , Weng Shao-Jen , Wu Chieh-Liang 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient safety climate in healthcare is an important element to improve quality of current healthcare system globally. Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), one of measurable tools for patient safety climate, is applied as an effective research survey to collect opinions and information from medical workers in a long term.MethodSAQ data in this study consists of medical employee scores to 46 questions in 8 aspects or dimensions and personal information during 2014 to 2017 from a teaching hospital. A quantitative analysis with a core user based collaborative filtering method is conducted to analyze the SAQ data for discovering the latent inter-related pattern among different SAQ aspects of sub-sectors in this hospital for four years.ResultsThere are not interrelationships between these 8 independent aspects for wards at different level (A, B and C) consistently across 4 years. The correlation patterns of aspects are not strong consistent over years for wards.ConclusionObservations in this study can be used to support understanding patient safety climate assessment. They are contributed to further study in this area and understand SAQ aspects dynamically in a real hospital case.