bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Light Luminescence from a Homo‐conjugated Molecule with Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Zhou Ying , Li Yao , Zhang Rong , Zhao Dahui , Yan Qifan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLuminophores with tunable emission properties are appealing due to various applications. Among those properties, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has been attracting enormous research interests. Herein, we synthesized a 9,9’‐spirobifluorene based homo‐conjugated molecule 1, which connects a diphenylamino moiety as electron donor and a naphthalimide group as electron acceptor via 2,2’‐positions of spirofluorene. Compound 1 displays dual emission behaviour with both blue and orange fluorescence. The one orange fluorescence around 555 nmshows sensitivity to oxygen and a prolonged lifetime of 284 ns in degassed toluene. Such characteristics imply TADF nature for this emission from a charge‐transfer excited state. The other emission at 440 nm with blue colour displayed resistance to oxygen quenching and a normal fluorescence lifetime of 1.5 ns. Compared with control molecule, this emission band is assigned as conventional fluorescence from a localized excited state. In addition, dual emission property allows molecule 1 to be modulated to emit white photoluminescence in thin film with a CIE color coordinate of (0.25, 0.33).
Transient ammonia stress on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells yield alterations to alanine metabolism and IgG glycosylation profiles
Authors: Synoground Benjamin F. , McGraw Claire E. , Elliott Kathryn S. , Leuze Christina , Roth Jada R. , Harcum Sarah W. , Sandoval Nicholas R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmmonia concentrations typically increase during mammalian cell cultures, mainly due to glutamine and other amino acid consumption. An early ammonia stress indicator is a metabolic shift with respect to alanine. To determine the underlying mechanisms of this metabolic shift, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line with two distinct ages (standard and young) was cultured in parallel fed‐batch bioreactors with 0 mM or 10 mM ammonia added at 12 h. Reduced viable cell densities were observed for the stressed cells, while viability was not significantly affected. The stressed cultures had higher alanine, lactate, and glutamate accumulation. Interestingly, the ammonia concentrations were similar by Day 8.5 for all cultures. We hypothesized the ammonia was converted to alanine as a coping mechanism. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed for metabolite profiles due to cell age. Glycosylation analysis showed the ammonia stress reduced galactosylation, sialylation, and fucosylation. Transcriptome analysis of the standard‐aged cultures indicated the ammonia stress had a limited impact on the transcriptome, where few of the significant changes were directly related metabolite or glycosylation reactions. These results indicate that mechanisms used to alleviate ammonia stress are most likely controlled post‐transcriptionally, and this is where future research should focus.
Inflammation can increase hepcidin in HFE‐hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Moris Wenke , Verhaegh Pauline L. M. , Masclee Ad A. M. , Swinkels Dorine W. , Laarakkers Coby M. , Koek Ger H. , van Deursen Cees Th. B. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a p.C282Y homozygous patient with high hepcidin levels and normal iron parameters during systemic inflammation. This suggests that in the absence of a proper functioning HFE, resulting in blockage of the BMP/SMAD pathway, the innate low hepcidin concentration can be upregulated by inflammation, probably via the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
Mixing Performance of Baffles in Shear‐Thinning Fluids
Authors: Furukawa Haruki , Mizuno Yoshito , Kato Yoshihito 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe mixing performance of baffles placed with a clearance between them and the mixing vessel wall was investigated in a shear‐thinning fluid, and decolorization experiments were conducted to observe the mixing pattern under no‐baffle, standard baffle, and inner‐baffle conditions. Velocity fields were obtained by particle image velocimetry to clarify the mixing mechanism in the fluid. No isolated mixing region was seen under the inner‐baffle condition, and this condition promoted homogeneous mixing. The velocity profile clarified that the inner baffle prevented secondary circulation flow from forming an isolated mixing region and, thus, promoted homogeneous mixing in the fluid. An inner baffle with a small impeller can obtain homogeneous mixing in shear‐thinning fluids.
Rapid real‐world data analysis of patients with cancer, with and without COVID‐19, across distinct health systems
Authors: Hwang Clara , Izano Monika A. , Thompson Michael A. , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Weese James L. , Mikkelsen Tom , Schrag Andrew , Teka Mahder , Walters Sheetal , Wolf Frank M. , Hirsch Jonathan , Rivera Donna R. , Kluetz Paul G. , Singh Harpreet , Brown Thomas D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe understanding of the impact of COVID‐19 in patients with cancer is evolving, with need for rapid analysis.AimsThis study aims to compare the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with cancer (with and without COVID‐19) and characterize the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 and cancer.Methods and ResultsReal‐world data (RWD) from two health systems were used to identify 146 702 adults diagnosed with cancer between 2015 and 2020; 1267 COVID‐19 cases were identified between February 1 and July 30, 2020. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics were extracted. Incidence of all‐cause mortality, hospitalizations, and invasive respiratory support was assessed between February 1 and August 14, 2020. Among patients with cancer, patients with COVID‐19 were more likely to be Non‐Hispanic black (NHB), have active cancer, have comorbidities, and/or live in zip codes with median household income <$30 000. Patients with COVID‐19 living in lower‐income areas and NHB patients were at greatest risk for hospitalization from pneumonia, fluid and electrolyte disorders, cough, respiratory failure, and acute renal failure and were more likely to receive hydroxychloroquine. All‐cause mortality, hospital admission, and invasive respiratory support were more frequent among patients with cancer and COVID‐19. Male sex, increasing age, living in zip codes with median household income <$30 000, history of pulmonary circulation disorders, and recent treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy were associated with greater odds of all‐cause mortality in multivariable logistic regression models.ConclusionRWD can be rapidly leveraged to understand urgent healthcare challenges. Patients with cancer are more vulnerable to COVID‐19 effects, especially in the setting of active cancer and comorbidities, with additional risk observed in NHB patients and those living in zip codes with median household income <$30 000.
Tatt‐BiLSTM: Web service classification with topical attention‐based BiLSTM
Authors: Kang Guosheng , Xiao Yong , Liu Jianxun , Cao Yingcheng , Cao Buqing , Zhang Xiangping , Ding Linghang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith the rapid growth of the number of Web services on the Internet, how to classify Web services correctly and efficiently become particularly important in service management tasks, such as service discovery, service selection, service ranking, and service recommendation. Existing functionality‐based service classification techniques have some drawbacks: (1) the keyword order and context information are not considered; (2) the embedding features of keywords are taken as equal importance to learn the classification model; (3) the topic number is hard to determine manually. Due to these drawbacks, the accuracy of service classification needs to be improved further. At present, deep learning techniques show the strong power in modeling complex and nonlinear function relationship. Thus, to address the problems above, this paper exploits attention mechanism to combine the local implicit state vector of Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory Network (BiLSTM) and the global hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) topic vector, and proposes a Web service classification approach with topical attention‐based BiLSTM. Specifically, BiLSTM is used to automatically learn the keyword feature representations of Web services. Then, the topic vectors of Web service documents are obtained with HDP by offline training, and topic attention mechanism is adopted to strengthen the feature representation by discriminating the importance or weight of different keywords in Web service documents. Finally, the enhanced Web service feature representation is used as the input of a softmax neural network layer to perform the classification prediction for Web services. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Perceived social support and discrimination and oral health behaviors in adolescents
Authors: Amin Maryam , Schumacher Christian , Bohlouli Babak 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to examine the associations between perceived social support and oral health behaviors among adolescents and if this perception had a protective effect against the influence of perceived racial discrimination on oral health behaviors in this population.Material and methodsParticipants of this cross‐sectional study were adolescents aged 12–18 years recruited from University dental clinic. They completed a questionnaire comprising three sections: demographics (14 items), oral health behaviors (6 items), and validated Personal Resource Questionnaire (25 items). Perceived discrimination was evaluated by a question asking if the adolescent had ever experienced discrimination based on their race.ResultsOf 252 participants, mean (SD) age of 14 (1.8) years, 60% were girls, 56% were self‐identified as White, and 81% were born in Canada. Discrimination was reported by 21%. Frequency of toothbrushing and self‐rated oral health were significantly associated with increased levels of perceived social support. Sugar consumption was significantly different for participants with and without perceived racial discrimination (p‐value = 0.002). Perceived social support did not act as a buffer against perceived racial discrimination for sugar consumption (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98–1.01).ConclusionsAdolescents' perceived social support affected some aspects of their oral health but did not moderate the influence of perceived racial discrimination.
Non‐linear coherent structures in multi‐species dusty plasma
Authors: Shome Arpita , Pramanik Sourav 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn a fluid description, theoretical investigation has been carried out to explore how the presence of two‐temperature electron fluids (hot and cold) influences the characters of dust acoustic solitary waves, double layers, bipolar structures, etc. in a multi‐component dusty plasma, composed of isothermal electrons and ions, along with the negatively charged, cold dusts. A reductive perturbation method is used to derive the well‐known Korteweg‐de Vries (KdV) equation, which describes the basic nature of the dust acoustic solitary waves. Two values of critical ion density exist, which distinguish the regions of compressive and rarefactive solitary waves in parametric space. The critical points directly depend on the densities and temperatures of the electron fluids. With increasing temperature of hot electron fluid, one of the two critical ion densities decreases, and the other one increases. Ultimately, they merge with each other when the temperature of hot electrons reaches a particular value. The amplitude of the dust acoustic soliton gets modified due to the presence of two‐temperature electron fluids. The study is extended further by deriving modified KdV and Gardner equations at the vicinity of critical points. The Gardner equation reveals the existence of double layer and bipolar structures. In these processes, the effects higher‐order nonlinearities are incorporated methodically, by implementing appropriate stretching of the coordinates. Sagdeev's pseudopotential analysis shows that large amplitude rarefactive solitary waves only exist when the corresponding Mach number (M) lies within 1 < M < Mc. The upper bound, Mc increases with the hot electron temperature and cold electron density. The results presented in this investigation are believed to be applicable in the laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.
Thyroid cancer, recent advances in diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Nabhan Fadi , Dedhia Priya H. , Ringel Matthew D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOver the past several decades, the approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with follicular cell‐derived thyroid cancer has evolved based on improved classification of patients better matching clinical outcomes, as well as advances in imaging, laboratory, molecular technologies and knowledge. While thyroid surgery, radioactive iodine therapy and TSH suppression remain the mainstays of treatment, this expansion of knowledge has enabled de‐escalation of therapy for individuals diagnosed with low‐risk well‐differentiated thyroid cancer; better definition of treatment choices for patients with more aggressive disease; and improved ability to optimize treatments for patients with persistent and/or progressive disease. Most recently, the advancement of knowledge regarding the molecular aspects of thyroid cancer has improved thyroid cancer diagnosis and has enabled individualized therapeutic options for selected patients with the most aggressive forms of the disease. Guidelines from multiple societies across the world reflect these changes, which focus on taking a more individualized approach to clinical management. In this review, we discuss the current more personalized approach to patients with follicular cell‐derived thyroid cancer and point toward areas of future research still needed in the field.
A computed tomography signs quantization analysis method for pulmonary nodules malignancy grading
Authors: Chen Hao , Xia Yu , Duan Hongbai , Ban Duo , Yang Qing , Qiang Yongqian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the accuracy of pulmonary nodules malignancy grading, we propose a method to implement quantitative analysis for lung nodules using computed tomography (CT) signs. Firstly, we construct feature sets of CT signs by combing the radiomics features with the higher‐order features extracted from a convolutional neural network. Secondly, on the basis of the mixed feature set, an evolutionary ensemble learning mechanism is used to generate a classifier to get the quantitative scores for seven lung nodule CT signs. Finally, the scores of seven CT signs are input into a multiclassifier optimized by the differential evolution algorithm to acquire the grade of malignancy. In the experimental study, 2000 lung nodule samples from the LIDC‐IDRI dataset were used to train and test the evolutionary ensemble learner and malignancy classifier. The results show that the recognition accuracy of seven CT signs can reach more than 0.964. Comparison with many typical algorithms, the proposed method not only gets higher accuracy in pulmonary nodules malignancy grading but also can make the result more interpretable.
Mercury immunotoxicity in the brown watersnake (Nerodia taxispilota): An in vitro study
Authors: Haskins David L. , Brown M. Kyle , Meichner Kristina , Tuberville Tracey D. , Gogal Robert M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a heavy metal that enters the environment through natural and anthropogenic means. Once in the environment, Hg can biomagnify in food webs and is known to cause immunotoxic effects to wildlife. Compared with other vertebrates, knowledge of the reptilian immune system is lacking, especially in snakes. Further, even less is known about the impact of environmental contaminants on snake immunity. This gap in knowledge is largely due to an absence of established immune‐based assays or specific reagents for these species. In this study, brown watersnakes (Nerodia taxispilota; n = 23) were captured on the Savannah River (Augusta, Georgia, USA), weighed, measured, bled, and released. Peripheral blood leukocytes (24 h old) were enriched and evaluated with an established mammalian in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. Enriched leukocytes were then exposed to mercury chloride (HgCl2) at 3.75, 37.5, and 75 μM. Total mercury (THg) in whole blood was also quantified. Snake peripheral blood leukocyte enrichment yielded >90% lymphocytes with viabilities averaging >70%. Exposure to HgCl2 resulted in significant dose‐dependent suppression of proliferative responses relative to spontaneous proliferation at 37.5 and 75 μM (both p ≤ 0.01) but not 3.75 μM (p = 0.99). Mean ± 1 SE concentration of THg in whole blood was 0.127 ± 0.027 mg/kg (wet weight). Based on the in vitro findings with HgCl2, snakes in systems with heavy Hg pollution may be at risk of immunosuppression, but N. taxispilota at the site in this study appear to be at low risk.
Exogenous insulin antibody syndrome treated with plasma exchange after an incomplete response to immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Wei Xudong , Yu Yang , Wang Deqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 43‐year‐old man with a 23‐year history of type II diabetes presented with uncontrolled hyperglycemia with frequent episodes of ketoacidosis. He was diagnosed with exogenous insulin antibody syndrome, and received high‐dose methylprednisolone to treat insulin resistance. Ketoacidosis relapsed 2 years later, and the patient showed an incomplete response to glucocorticoids. We decided to administer therapeutic plasma exchange, which resulted in rapid lowering of the daily insulin requirement and improved glycemic control.
Understanding the mechanism of interaction of candidate soil stabilizing prototypes by using microscopy and spectroscopy techniques
Authors: Ramdas Veshara Malapermal , Lalloo Rajesh , Lekha Prabashni , Mgangira Martin , Muniyasamy Sudhakar , Mukaratirwa Samson , Ramchuran Santosh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobally, there is a high demand for bio‐based soil stabilizers required for improving the strength properties of weak in situ soil. Microbes and microbial components such as Bacillus spp. have gained interest as soil stabilizers due to their production of spores, bio‐enzymes, and bio‐polymers. However, the current approach for any microlevel assessment of bio‐additives and in situ soil improvement is limited. This paper provides data for microstructural evaluation of stabilized soil material for the postulation of the mode of action. In this study, the microbonding effect (i.e., bio‐based cementation, bio‐clogging, and soil particle bio‐coating) is successfully observed within the various stabilizing prototypes, obtained from a novel Bacillus spp. using advanced methods, namely field emission gun‐scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy. The results show that treated soil versus untreated soil properties are altered by the bio‐additive/s stabilizing effect. These indicator tests provide data for further bio‐stabilizer product prototype development and processes (i.e., improved products in terms of strength and moisture susceptibility). The use of microscopy and spectroscopy was sufficient for the preliminary selection of suitable candidates for soil stabilization.
Sustained IL-4 priming of macrophages enhances the inflammatory response to TLR7/8 ligand R848
Authors: Banete Andra , Gee Katrina , Basta Sameh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMacrophages (Mϕ) are highly plastic, and can acquire a variety of functional phenotypes depending on the presence of different stimuli in their local environment. Mφ stimulated by interleukin (IL)-4 induce an alternative activation state and function as anti-inflammatory cells and promote tissue repair. However, there is overwhelming evidence that IL-4 can play a role in promoting inflammation. In asthma and allergic inflammation, IL-4 mediates proinflammatory responses that lead to tissue damage. Thus the effect of IL-4 on the outcome of the immune responses is greatly influenced by other cofactors and cytokines present in the microenvironment. R848 (resiquimod), a TLR7/8 agonist is a novel vaccine adjuvant, triggering a strong Th1-skewed response but its efficacy as a vaccine adjuvant shows variable results. It is not currently known whether the presence of IL-4 can dampen or enhance immunity in response to TLR7 agonists. In the present study, we sought to investigate the impact of IL-4-induced Mφ polarization on the outcome of R848 stimulation. The activation marker expression and production of cytokines were measured in murine spleen-derived Mφ. Protein expression levels of innate recognition molecules and transcription factors involved, including retinoic-acid inducible gene I, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), and IFN regulatory factors were evaluated in activated Mφ. These play a crucial role in the control of viral replication and optimal CD8+ T cell priming. We report that sustained priming with IL-4 alone promotes an antiviral response in Mφ, and enhances proinflammatory responses to R848 treatment. This highlights the need for better understanding of IL-4 proinflammatory functions and its potential use as a broad-acting antiviral in combination with R848 may be used in combination with other therapies to target the innate arm of immunity against emerging infections.
Can Hybrid Arterial Spin Labeling‐Tagged Zero‐Echo‐Time Magnetic Resonance Angiography Be an Effective Candidate in the Evaluation of Intracranial Artery Diseases? A Clinical Feasibility Study
Authors: Shang Song'an , Wang Lijuan , Ye Jing , Luo Xianfu , Zhang Hongying , Dou Weiqiang , Wu Jingtao , Li Daixin 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundFlow related artifacts in continuous arterial spin labeling (cASL) zero‐echo‐time (ZTE) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) could influence the vasculature visualization.PurposeTo investigate the clinical feasibility for the intracranial artery diseases assessment by utilizing hybrid ASL‐ZTE‐MRA (hASL‐ZTE‐MRA).Study TypeProspective, technical development.PopulationSixty‐seven subjects with known/suspected cerebrovascular diseases.Field Strength/SequenceGradient echo based cASL‐/hASL‐ ZTE‐MRA at 3.0 T.AssessmentSubjective/objective evaluation for sound‐levels. Image quality (IQ), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were analyzed within artery segments. Stenotic grading, aneurysm measurement, and signal intensity of lesions were further analyzed.Statistical TestsKolmogorov–Smirnov test for data normality check. Between two MRAs: Wilcoxon signed‐rank test for sound experience/IQ ratings analysis; Pairedttest for SNR/CNR comparison. One‐way analysis of variance for sound intensity comparison. For stenosis grading/aneurysm measurement: Kendall'sWtest/intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for interobserver agreement test within each modality, weighted kappa statistics/ICC for intermodality agreement test between each MRA and computed tomography angiography.ResultsSound‐level perception/intensity was similar (P = 0.86,P = 0.55) between MRAs. The mean IQ score for hASL‐ZTE‐MRA was on diagnostic scale and slightly higher (P < 0.05) than that of cASL‐ZTE‐MRA. hASL‐ZTE‐MRA provided higher (P < 0.05) SNR/CNR than that of cASL‐ZTE‐MRA. Signal uniformity was improved on hASL‐ZTE‐MRA, particularly among the anterior circulation (P < 0.05). Comparing to cASL‐ZTE‐MRA, on hASL‐ZTE‐MRA, stenotic lesions were accurately assessed; flow in the stent or aneurysm remnant was better depicted (P < 0.05); AVM nidus was preferred with increased SNR (P < 0.05). No significant differences for the aneurysm measurement were found between MRAs (P = 0.95), in addition to the slightly higher SNR (P < 0.05) on hASL‐ZTE‐MRA.Data ConclusionComparing to cASL‐ZTE‐MRA, hASL‐ZTE‐MRA is robust and feasible for the evaluation of intracranial artery diseases with diagnostic IQ, improved vessel contrast, and better signal heterogeneity.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy2