bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and predictors of early and late sudden cardiac death in hospitalized Japanese patients with new‐onset systolic heart failure
Authors: Minami Yoshiaki , Kikuchi Noriko , Shiga Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Atsushi , Shoda Morio , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with heart failure (HF) and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Optimal HF treatment can improve LVEF and reduce the risk of SCD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of SCD in Japanese patients with new‐onset systolic HF and to investigate factors that affect LVEF improvement.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 174 consecutive hospitalized patients with new‐onset HF and LVEF ≤35% (median age, 66 years; men, 71%). The primary outcome was a composite of SCD, sustained ventricular arrhythmias, and appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy.ResultsThe cumulative rates of meeting of the primary outcome at 3, 12, and 36 months after discharge were 3.9%, 8.1%, and 10.5%, respectively. Atrial fibrillation was a significant predictor of the primary outcome within 12 months after discharge (odds ratio, 5.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60–21.57). Among 104 patients who completed follow‐up echocardiography within 12 months after discharge, changes in LVEF were inversely associated with SCD (odds ratio/1% increase, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65–0.93). A QRS duration <130 ms and a B‐type natriuretic peptide level <170 pg/mL were predictors of LVEF improvement to >35% (odds ratio, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.15–11.77; odds ratio, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.33–7.69, respectively).ConclusionsOur results showed a high incidence of meeting of the primary outcome within 12 months after discharge in hospitalized patients with new‐onset systolic HF. An improved LVEF may reduce the risk of late SCD.
Periodontal disease progression in the second half of life and following a single episode of scaling and root planing: A clinical study in the Sri Lankan tea plantation cohort with documented clinical parameters for more than 40 years
Authors: Duong Ho‐Yan , Schmid Eric , Ramseier Christoph A. , Suvan Jean E. , Lang‐Hua Bich Hue , Burkhardt Rino , Schätzle Marc , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate periodontal disease progression (PDP) and potentially detectable effects of a single episode of scaling and root planing (se‐SRP) in subjects lacking professional dental care and oral hygiene practices for >40 years.MethodsIn 2013, se‐SRP was offered to all available subjects from the original cohort of 480 males initially established in 1970. From a total of 75 attending the previous examination in 2010 (baseline), 27 consented to receive the intervention while 18 declined and served as controls. Clinical data were recorded again in 2014 (follow‐up) similarly to the previous surveys (1970 to 2010).ResultsSubjects’ mean age in 2010 was 62.5 (± 3.6, test) and 61.9 (± 3.8, control) years. At follow‐up, both groups presented with elevated tooth loss of 1.2 (from 15.5 ± 9.0, test) and 1.5 (from 17.9 ± 6.6, control) resulting in 1,392 (test) and 1,061 (control) sites available for further analysis. In both groups, clinical attachment level (CAL) loss and probing depths (PD) deteriorated. PD increase of 0.22 mm (± 1.70) in the test group was significantly higher compared with the control group (0.08 mm ± 1.30) (P <0.0001) demonstrating unaffected PDP. Computed estimates of further PDP revealed CAL and PD reductions in subjects aged ≥40 years. Specifically, the latter was positively correlated with tooth loss in subjects aged ≥40 years (P = 0.69, P = 0.0012) and ≥50 years (r = 0.62, P <0.0001).Conclusionse‐SRP in previously untreated periodontitis subjects aged ≥50 years may be ineffective in reducing PDP thus demanding advanced preventive measures, treatment in the first half of life, and sustained access to supportive care.
Evaluation of losses and quality maintenance of wheat during storage in a commercial unit in Brazil
Authors: Meneghetti Volnei L , Biduski Bárbara , Tibola Casiane S , Junior Alberto LM , de Miranda Martha Z , Lima Maria IPM , Guarienti Eliana M , Gutkoski Luiz C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpecific studies of Brazilian wheat storage on a commercial scale on the maintenance of wheat quality are required since the continental extent of Brazil has regions of different weather and because of the diversity of the storage network. This study aimed to evaluate the technological quality (physicochemical and rheological), sanitary quality (insects, fungi and mycotoxins) and dry matter loss of wheat stored in a metal silo in a commercial storage unit. Two dynamic samples, collected during loading and unloading of wheat in silos, and four static samples, collected using a commercial pneumatic grain sampler, were used in this study.RESULTSSilo temperature was higher than 20 °C during the summer season. The temperature was approximately 15 °C from June to December and provided excellent conditions for grain aeration, which resulted in the maintenance of wheat quality, with no changes in hectoliter weight and rheological properties of wheat (falling number, wet gluten and stability). The effect of Alternaria spp. (~220) and Aspergillus flavus (~7) infection on wheat did not differ statistically during the storage period, although a slight increase in A. flavus infection was noted in February (summer season). The wheat mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A were not detected during the studied storage period. Finally, dry matter reduced by approximately 0.4% after the storage period – approximately 0.013% per month.CONCLUSIONThe management practices and climate conditions in southern Brazil provided excellent conditions for grain aeration at ambient air temperature and led to the maintenance of wheat quality during the post‐harvest period. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhanced production of 2‐phenylethanol by salicylic acid and cyclodextrins in cell suspension cultures of the unexplored filamentous fungus Monochaetinula geoffroeana
Authors: Vázquez María Belén , Matencio Adrián , Bianchinotti María Virginia , García‐Carmona Francisco , López‐Nicolás José Manuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUND2‐Phenylethanol (PEA) is a higher aromatic alcohol with a rose‐like odor, which is used in several industries. Although PEA can be synthesized, consumers are increasingly concerned about the toxicity of chemically synthesized products, and prefer natural aroma compound. PEA occurs naturally in the environment but concentrations are too low to justify extraction.RESULTSThe present study offers a novel biological source of PEA: the filamentous fungi Monochaetinula geoffroeana. We report the highest recorded yield of PEA of fungal origin to date: 6.52 g L−1. The volatility and low water solubility of PEA can affect its use in many industries, for which reason complexation studies of PEA and cyclodextrins were carried out using the phase solubility technique. PEA formed 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes with natural and modified CDs, the highest encapsulation constant being obtained with MβCD (K1:1 = 299.88 L mol−1). The complexation process significantly increased the water solubility of PEA. A computational study showed a high degree of correlation between computed scores and experimental values. Furthermore, this study reports the role of salicylic acid as an effective elicitor for improved PEA production by the studied fungi. Supplementation with 10 μmol L−1 salicylic acid increased PEA production from 6.52 to 10.54 g L−1.CONCLUSIONThe best treatment to enhance PEA production by M. geoffroeana under laboratory conditions was to use salicylic acid 10 μmol L−1. Due to the commercial importance of PEA, further investigation is needed to improve PEA production by M. geoffroeana and to optimize culture conditions in order to standardize yields. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis of cocoa butter alternatives from palm kernel stearin, coconut oil and fully hydrogenated palm stearin blends by chemical interesterification
Authors: Ornla‐ied Pimwalan , Podchong Pawitchaya , Sonwai Sopark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemical interesterification (CIE) is one of the important technological processes for the production of zero‐transfats. The aim of this study was to producetrans‐free cocoa butter alternatives (CBAs) from palm kernel stearin (PKS), coconut oil (CNO) and fully‐hydrogenated palm stearin (FHPS) blends via CIE using sodium methoxide as a catalyst. The physicochemical properties, crystallization and melting behavior, solid fat content (SFC), crystal morphology and polymorphism of the structured lipids (SLs) obtained and the corresponding physical blends (PBs) were characterized and compared with commercial CBAs.RESULTSAfter CIE, randomization of fatty acid distribution within and among triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules of PKS, CNO and FHPS resulted in a modification in TAG compositions of the PKS/CNO/FHPS blends and improved the properties and crystallization behavior of the blends. SFC and slip melting points of all SLs decreased from those of their respective PBs. In particular, SLs obtained from CIE of blends with 60–70% wt. PKS (blend ratios 60:10:30 and 70:10:20) exhibited the melting characteristic, SFC curves, crystal morphology and polymorphic form most similar to the commercial CBAs. In addition, these blends melted almost completely at body temperature, an improvement from that of the commercial CBAs.CONCLUSIONSLs obtained from CIE of blends with 60–70% wt. PKS has high potential to be used commercially astrans‐free CBAs for the confectionery industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Photophysical/Photochemical, Kinetic, and Migration Stability Studies of One‐Component Polymerizable Thioxanthone‐Based Photoinitiators
Authors: Wu Qingqing , Mo Yongfei , Zhang Yachao , Li Fushao , Deng Mingsen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerein, N‐benzyl‐N‐(9‐oxo‐9H‐thioxanthen‐2‐yl)acrylamide (TXNBA) is designed and synthesized as one‐component polymerizable photoinitiator (PI). It is investigated in terms of its photophysical/photochemical, kinetic, and migration stability properties by ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and EPR spin trapping experiments. In conjunction with the experimental studies, series of density functional theory calculations are performed and various photophysical and photochemical properties are computationally calculated and visualized. The photolysis and photoinitiation mechanism of TXNBA is clarified. Comparison of the results of 2‐isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) system has shown that TXNBA is an efficient one‐component polymerizable PI with excellent migration stability. The photoinitiator's migration ratio of TXNBA system to ITX system is 8.52%.
Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Mediating the Effects of Coffee in the Colon
Authors: Chapkin Robert S. , Davidson Laurie A. , Park Hyejin , Jin Un‐Ho , Fan Yang‐Yi , Cheng Yating , Hensel Martha E. , Landrock Kerstin K. , Allred Clinton , Menon Rani , Klemashevich Cory , Jayaraman Arul , Safe Stephen 
Published: August 2021

ScopeThis study investigates the mechanism of action and functional effects of coffee extracts in colonic cells, on intestinal stem cell growth, and inhibition of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced intestinal barrier damage in mice.Methods and ResultsAqueous coffee extracts induced Ah receptor (AhR) ‐responsive CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and UGT1A1 gene expression in colon‐derived Caco2 and YAMC cells. Tissue‐specific AhR knockout (AhRf/f x Lgr5‐GFP‐CreERT2 x Villin‐Cre), wild‐type (Lgr5‐CreERT2 x Villin‐Cre) mice are sources of stem cell enriched organoids and both coffee extracts and norharman, an AhR‐active component of these extracts inhibited stem cell growth. Coffee extracts also inhibit DSS‐induced damage to intestinal barrier function and DSS‐induced mucosal inflammatory genes such as IL‐6 and TGF‐β1 in wild‐type (AhR+/+) but not AhR–/– mice. In contrast, coffee does not exhibit protective effects in intestinal‐specific AhR knockout mice. Coffee extracts also enhanced overall formation of AhR‐active microbial metabolites.ConclusionsIn colon‐derived cells and in the mouse intestine, coffee induced several AhR‐dependent responses including gene expression, inhibition of intestinal stem cell‐enriched organoid growth, and inhibition of DSS‐induced intestinal barrier damage. We conclude that the anti‐inflammatory effects of coffee in the intestine are due, in part, to activation of AhR signaling.
Adjoint image warping using multivariate splines with application to four‐dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Renders Jens , Sijbers Jan , De Beenhouwer Jan 
Published: August 2021

PurposeAdjoint image warping is an important tool to solve image reconstruction problems that warp the unknown image in the forward model. This includes four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) models in which images are compared against recorded projection images of various time frames using image warping as a model of the motion. The inversion of these models requires the adjoint of image warping, which up to now has been substituted by approximations. We introduce an efficient implementation of the exact adjoints of multivariate spline based image warping, and compare it against previously used alternatives.MethodsUsing symbolic computer algebra, we computed a list of 64 polynomials that allow us to compute a matrix representation of trivariate cubic image warping. By combining an on‐the‐fly computation of this matrix with a parallelized implementation of columnwise matrix multiplication, we obtained an efficient, low memory implementation of the adjoint action of 3D cubic image warping. We used this operator in the solution of a previously proposed 4D‐CT reconstruction model in which the image of a single subscan was compared against projection data of multiple subscans by warping and then projecting the image. We compared the properties of our exact adjoint with those of approximate adjoints by warping along inverted motion.ResultsOur method requires halve the memory to store motion between subscans, compared to methods that need to compute and store an approximate inverse of the motion. It also avoids the computation time to invert the motion and the tunable parameter of the number of iterations used to perform this inversion. Yet, a similar and often better reconstruction quality was obtained in comparison with these more expensive methods, especially when the motion is large. When compared against a simpler method that is similar to ours in computational demands, our method achieves a higher reconstruction quality in general.ConclusionsOur implementation of the exact adjoint of cubic image warping improves efficiency and provides accurate reconstructions.
Tomography of dark‐field scatter including single‐exposure Moiré fringe analysis with X‐ray biprism interferometry—A simulation study
Authors: Tao Weijie , Sung Yongjin , Kim Sally Ji Who , Huang Qiu , Gullberg Grant T. , Seo Youngho , Fuller Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeIn this work, we present tomographic simulations of a new hardware concept for X‐ray phase‐contrast interferometry wherein the phase gratings are replaced with an array of Fresnel biprisms, and Moiré fringe analysis is used instead of “phase stepping” popular with grating‐based setups.MethodsProjections of a phantom consisting of four layers of parallel carbon microfibers is simulated using wave optics representation of X‐ray electromagnetic waves. Simulated projections of a phantom with preferential scatter perpendicular to the direction of the fibers are performed to analyze the extraction of small‐angle scatter from dark‐field projections for the following: (1) biprism interferometry using Moiré fringe analysis; (2) grating interferometry using phase stepping with eight grating steps; and (3) grating interferometry using Moiré fringe analysis. Dark‐field projections are modeled as projections of voxel intensities represented by a fixed finite vector basis set of scattering directions. An iterative MLEM algorithm is used to reconstruct, from simulated projection data, the coefficients of a fixed set of seven basis vectors at each voxel representing the small‐angle scatter distribution.ResultsResults of reconstructed vector coefficients are shown comparing the three simulated imaging configurations. The single‐exposure Moiré fringe analysis shows not only an increase in noise because of one‐eighth the number of projection samples but also is obtained with less dose and faster acquisition times. Furthermore, replacing grating interferometry with biprism interferometry provides better contrast‐to‐noise.ConclusionThe simulations demonstrate the feasibility of the reconstruction of dark‐field data acquired with a biprism interferometry system. With the potential of higher fringe visibility, biprism interferometry with Moiré fringe analysis might provide equal or better image quality to that of phase stepping methods with less imaging time and lower dose.
SABRE‐enhanced real‐time pure shift NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Taylor Daniel A. , Natrajan Louise S. , Nilsson Mathias , Adams Ralph W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPure shift nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods suppress the effect of homonuclear scalar couplings to produce NMR spectra consisting solely of a single signal for each chemically distinct site. They are increasingly relied upon for analysis of complex molecules and mixtures as they overcome the extensive signal overlap that complicates proton NMR spectra of all but the simplest species. Current broadband pure shift methodologies for 1D proton spectra suffer from reduced sensitivity compared with their conventional counterparts and typically require a large amount of instrument time for low concentration samples. In this study, we demonstrate how the sensitivity limitation may be overcome by transiently increasing the bulk polarization using signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization. We utilize para‐enriched dihydrogen to enhance the pure shift NMR resonances of pyridine by up to a factor of 60 in a single‐scan experiment and extend this to propose a method to unambiguously determine mixture components based on the enhancement of their pure shift NMR signals.
Impact of adverse events on patient outcomes in a Japanese intensive care unit: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Aikawa Gen , Ouchi Akira , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Ono Chiemi , Hatozaki Chie , Okamoto Mayu , Hoshino Tetsuya , Shimojo Nobutake , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimWe investigated adverse events (AEs) in a Japanese intensive care unit (ICU) and evaluated the impact of cause‐specific AEs on mortality and length of stay.DesignA retrospective observational study in the ICU of an academic hospital.MethodsWe reviewed medical records with the Global Trigger Tool.ResultsOf the 246 patients, 126 (51%) experienced one or more AEs with an incidence of 201 per 1000 patient‐days and 115 per 100 admissions. A total of 294 AEs were detected with 119 (42%) adverse drug events, 67 (24%) procedural complications, 63 (22%) surgical complications, 26 (9%) nosocomial infections, 5 (2%) therapeutic errors and 4 (1%) diagnostic errors. Adverse event (AE) presence was associated with length of ICU stay (β = 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–4.61). Adverse drug events, procedural complications and nosocomial infections were strongly associated with length of ICU stay (β = 2.38, 95% CI: 0.77–3.98; β = 3.75, 95% CI: 2.03–5.48; β = 6.52, 95% CI: 4.07–8.97 respectively).
Trifluridine/Tipiracil and Regorafenib in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Oncology Center
Authors: Patel Anuj K. , Abhyankar Ritika , Brais Lauren K. , Duh Mei Sheng , Barghout Victoria E. , Huynh Lynn , Yenikomshian Mihran A. , Ng Kimmie , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) and regorafenib prolong survival for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC); limited comparative effectiveness data exist.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of patients with mCRC who initiated FTD/TPI or regorafenib (index therapy) between 2012 and 2017 at a U.S. tertiary oncology center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, was conducted. Using best tumor response assessments, real-world overall response rates (rwORR) and disease control rates (rwDCR) were described and analyzed using logistic regression. Survival rate was examined for each month after index therapy using Kaplan-Meier. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses among patients with index therapy as second- or third-line were performed.

Results
One hundred twenty-six and 95 patients were treated with FTD/TPI or regorafenib as index therapy, respectively. Patients treated with FTD/TPI versus regorafenib had a better response (rwORR 52.5% vs. 34.2%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.6; all p value &lt;.05; rwDCR 64.2% vs. 46.1%; adjusted OR = 2.5; all p value &lt;.05). Similar findings were observed for FTD/TPI versus regorafenib as second- or third-line therapy (rwORR 54.8% vs. 25.9%; adjusted OR = 4.1; all p value &lt;.05; rwDCR 69.0% vs. 37.0%; adjusted OR = 4.9; all p value &lt;.05). A greater proportion of patients treated with FTD/TPI versus regorafenib survived at 3 months (86.2% vs. 73.4%; p value = .016) and 4 months (79.6% vs. 65.8%; p value = .017). Adjusted OS hazard ratio for FTD/TPI versus regorafenib was 0.80, p value = .157.

Conclusion
Patients treated with FTD/TPI had better tumor response and disease control than patients treated with regorafenib. Subgroup analysis in second- or third-line suggests that early use of FTD/TPI may have clinical benefits.

Implications for Practice
In this retrospective cohort study, patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) were significantly less likely than those treated with regorafenib to have dose modifications and more likely to have higher real-world objective response rate (rwORR) and real-world disease control rate (rwDCR) while treated. Patients treated with FTD/TPI versus regorafenib had significantly higher odds of having rwORR or rwDCR in adjusted analyses. Monthly survival rates were higher overall in patients treated with FTD/TPI versus regorafenib in the first 6 months of follow-up, particularly at months 3 and 4. This study offers insight into patients' treatment experience in real-world clinical settings.
Using psycho‐behavioral phenotyping for overweight and obesity: Confirmation of the 6 factor questionnaire
Authors: Kushner Robert F. , Hammond Michael M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveQuestionnaires that assess dietary habits, eating behaviors, and relevant psychosocial constructs are routinely used in obesity research and clinical practice. The 6 factor questionnaire (6FQ) was previously developed as an assessment tool for psycho‐behavioral phenotyping. The primary purpose of this study was to confirm and validate the original findings in a large diverse adult population.MethodsA total of 5399 self‐selected participants (mean age of 48 ± 13 years and body mass index of 32 ± 8 kg/m2) completed the 6FQ online. The association between self‐reported demographic data and 6FQ responses was assessed using linear regression models.ResultsMean factor score and odds ratio analyses consistently demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between factors and body weight even after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.ConclusionsAlthough the study was correlational in design, the results demonstrate that the 6FQ, an instrument that represents multidimensional unhealthful lifestyle patterns associated with diet, physical activity, cognition, and self‐perception worsen with increasing body weight. Psycho‐behavioral phenotyping may be a useful approach when assessing and treating patients with obesity.