bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Cloacogenic Polyps In Children: Diagnostic Yield of Rectal Retroflexion During Colonoscopy
Authors: Kim You Ie , Joo Jung Yeon , Yang Hye Ran 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: Inflammatory cloacogenic polyps (ICPs) are inflammatory lesions occurring around the anal transitional zone. These are rare in the pediatric population, and most reported cases are found in adults. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of rectal retroflexion (RR) during colonoscopy in detecting ICPs in children.Methods: A total of 1,837 colonoscopies were performed in 1,278 children between September 2003 and August 2020 at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. The laboratory test results and colonoscopic and histopathological findings were retrospectively reviewed. ICP was detected using the RR and was diagnosed based on the histologic findings of the polyp. Results: A total of 69 patients were diagnosed with juvenile polyps (n = 62) or ICP (n = 7), with the latter being detected through RR. All children with ICP were diagnosed from 2013 onwards when RR during colonoscopy came to be routinely performed in our medical center. The patients with ICP were older at diagnosis and more associated with a family history of colorectal polyps than JP. Stool occult blood and the polyps’ endoscopic characteristics, such as number, location, volume, and shape, significantly varied between the two groups. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in the polypectomy method. During the long-term follow-up, there was no recurrence of ICP. Conclusions: Due to their location at the anorectal junction, ICPs may be overlooked during colonoscopy, leading to misdiagnosis. Therefore, a retroflexion view during colonoscopy may help detect ICPs in pediatric patients, especially those presenting with hematochezia.
Validation of a Spanish-Language Scale for Evaluating Perceived Quality of Care of Medical Abortions Before 9 Weeks Gestation
Authors: Cabedo-Ferreiro Rosa , Vicente-Hernández Maria-Mercedes , Manresa-Domínguez Josep-Maria , Gómez-Masvidal Miriam , Montero-Pons Laura , Reyes-Lacalle Azahara , Falguera-Puig Gemma 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Spanish Organic Law 2/2010 legalizes abortion within 14 weeks of gestation. Medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol is around 97% effective and is offered at primary care centers during the first 9 weeks of gestation. It consists administration of 200 mg of mifepristone by healthcare professional and of the self-administration 800 mg of misoprostol by the patient at home, along with prescribed analgesics. However, the quality of this process as perceived by patients has never been assessed. This study aims to validate a scale designed to assess the perceived quality of this process.Methods: Validation study of a Spanish adaptation of the SERVPERF scale. In total, 289 patients completed a self‑administered questionnaire consisting of 26 items previously evaluated by a group of experts. A re-test was performed on 53 of these patients 15 days later to assess interobserver consistency.Results: The non-response rate did not exceed 2.1%. The floor effect was 26% and the ceiling effect did not surpass 83%. The linearly weighted Kappa coefficient was good to excellent, in general. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with varimax rotation, obtaining a total of 7 dimensions that explain 65.9% of the variability. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for all items was 0.862.Conclusion: This psychometric instrument is valid and reliable for assessing the quality of care of medical abortion.Medical abortion is efficient, effective and eliminates the need for hospital care, anesthesia and surgical risk. However, user satisfaction has yet to be determined. This study offers a validated scale to assess perceived quality of care, their quality experience and person-centered care for abortion as a fundamental part of overall service quality as a fundamental part of overall service quality.
Integrated 3D Ionic Electrets Electronic Skin (e-Skin) For Harvesting of TENG Energy Through Push-Pull 3D Ionic Electrets and Ion-ion Hopping Mechanism
Authors: Cheedarala Ravi Kumar , Song Jung Il 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The development of highly durable, stretchable, and steady triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is highly desirable to satisfy the tight requirement of energy demand. Here, we presented a novel integrated polymeric membrane that is designed by PEDOT:PSSa-naphthalene sulfonated polyimide (PPNSP)-EMI. BF4 Electronic skin (e-skin) for potential TENG applications. The proposed TENG e-skin is fabricated by an interconnected architecture with push-pull 3D ionic electrets that can threshold the transfer of charges through an ion-hopping mechanism for the generation of a higher output voltage (Voc) and currents (Jsc) against an electronegative PTFE film. PPNSP was synthesized from the condensation of naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2, 2’-benzidine sulfonic acid, and 4,4’diaminodiphenyl ether through an addition copolymerization protocol, and PEDOT:PSSa was subsequently deposited using the dip-coating method. Porous networked PPNSP e-skin with continuous ion transport nano-channels is synthesized by introducing simple and strong molecular push-pull 3D interactions via intrinsic ions. In addition, EMI. BF4 ionic liquid (IL) is doped inside the PPNSP skin to interexchange ions to enhance the potential window for higher output Voc and Iscs. In this article, we investigated the push-pull dynamic interactions between PPNSP-EMI.BF4 e-skin and PTFE and tolerable output performance. The novel PPNSP- EMI.BF4 e-skin TENG produced upto 49.1 V and 1.03 µA at 1 Hz, 74 V and 1.45 µA at 2 Hz, 122.3 V and 2.21 µA at 3 Hz and 171 V and 3.6 µA at 4 Hz, and 195 V and 4.43 µA at 5 Hz, respectively. The proposed novel TENG device was shown to be highly flexible, highly durable, commercially viable, and a prospective candidate to produce higher electrical charge outputs at various applied frequencies.
IVF/ICSI outcomes of euthyroid infertile women with TAI: does treating with aspirin plus prednisone matter?
Authors: Zhou Ping , Yao Qiuping , Yang Lihua , Yu Ya , Xie Jilai , Zhao Qiaohang , Feng Chun , Zhou Liming , Jin Min 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. To settle with fertility problem, prescribing aspirin combined with prednisone (P+A) to women positive for antithyroid antibodies (ATA) is frequent in clinical practice, but the real effect remains controversial.
Methods

A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in three reproductive centers from 2017 to 2020. We recruited 494 euthyroid infertile women positive for anti-thyroperoxidase and/or thyroglobulin antibodies (TPOAb and TgAb, respectively) with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels ranging 0.35-4.0mIU/L who were undergoing their first in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle. Ultimately, 346 women were included of which 150 women were treated with prednisone (10mg/d) and aspirin (100mg/d), while the remaining 196 women were untreated (control group). Treatment started on the day of embryo transfer and continued until clinical pregnancy was determined.
Results

Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was 57.5% vs. 63.5% in the control and treated groups (P=0.414) for first fresh embryo transfer cycles and 57.8% vs. 61.8% for frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles (P=0.606). Additionally, the live birth rate (LBR) at the fresh embryo transfer was 49.6% vs. 47.3% in the control and treated groups (P=0.762). Logistic regression revealed that P+A did not improve CPR or miscarriage rates (MR). Furthermore, we observed that low free triiodothyronine (FT3) was associated with high MR.
Conclusions

Utilizing an adjuvant treatment of P+A after the embryo transfer may be unnecessary in euthyroid women with TAI undergoing their first IVF-ET, regardless of embryo type (fresh or frozen).
Targeting Monoacylglycerol Lipase in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Reduced Tumor-Associated Inflammation, Tumor Growth and Tumor Colonization in the Brain
Authors: Benchama Othman , Tyukhtenko Sergiy , Malamas Michael S. , Williams Mark K. , Makriyannis Alexandros , Avraham Hava K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
While the prevalence of breast cancer metastasis in the brain is significantly higher in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), there is a lack of novel and/or improved therapies for these patients. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a hydrolase involved in lipid metabolism that catalyzes the degradation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) linked to generation of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules. Here, we targeted MAGL in TNBCs, using the selective MAGL inhibitor AM9928 (hMAGL IC50 = 9nM, with prolonged pharmacodynamic effects of 46 hours residence time). AM9928 blocked TNBC cell adhesion and transmigration across human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) in 3D co-cultures. In addition, AM9928 inhibited the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF-A from TNBC cells. TNBC-derived exosomes activated HBMECs resulting in secretion of elevated levels of IL-8 and VEGF, which were inhibited by AM9928. Knockdown of MAGL by siRNA or treatment with AM9928 increased the expression of the adherent junction E-cadherin, known to be regulated by MAGL. Using in vivo studies of syngeneic GFP-4T1-BrM5 mammary tumor cells, AM9928 inhibited tumor growth in the mammary fat pads and attenuated blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability changes, resulting in reduced TNBC colonization in brain. Together, these results support the potential clinical application of MAGL inhibitors as novel treatments for TNBC.
Obtainment of Lignocellulose Degradation Microbial Community: The Effect of Acid-Base Combination After Restrictive Enrichment
Authors: Hua Binbin , Wang Xiaofen , Cui Zongjun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acid-base combination is used in some cases expecially after restricted enrichment, and has created many lignocellulose-degrading communities. While how it worked is not well understood. In this study, compost was used as inoculum source. Induced community structure changes were analyzed with high throughput sequencing to elucidate the formation processes and determine the mechanisms of acid-base combination. We found that after restricted enrichment, retaining primarily bacteria not only included that could decompose and utilize lignocellulose, such as Clostridium and Pseudomonas, but also synergistic microbiota such as Pseudoxanomonas and Alkalobacillaceae. When the proportion of these two types of bacteria was not balanced, the degradation ability of the microbial community was low or pH changes of it did not compound regular changes , which maybe lead to the failure of restricted enrichment. Microbial communities were re-constituted by acid-base combination, whereby the degrading and synergistic strains were adjusted to a more appropriate proportion. Acid-base combination fixed the instability of microbial communities caused by randomness of restrictive screening enrichment. In this study, the mechanism of acid-base combination was analyzed, which enriched the theoretical system of restricted culture, and provided an effective and controllable technical method for obtaining high-quality lignocellulose-degrading microbial community resources.
Sorption Behavior of Lead (Pb) onto Agricultural Soils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, ‎Pakistan: Potentials for Leaching
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal , Khan Bushra , Gul Nida , Khan Muhammad , Iqbal Javaid , Muhammad Nisar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination in soil and subsequent transport in groundwater poses severe threats to the food safety and human health. In current study, the effects of soil organic matter on sorption behavior of Pb onto six agricultural soils were investigated by batch sorption experiments and microscopic characterization. Results indicated that Pb sorption onto agricultural soils was dominated by the soil organic matter content and soil texture. The decrease of organic matter content reduced the sorption capacity of Pb onto agricultural soils. Based on soil texture, the Pb sorption was highest in clay soil and lowest in silt type of soil. The overall Pb sorption was in the order of clay > clay loam > silty clay loam ≈ loam > silt loam > silt. The sorption isotherms of measured aqueous and soil phase Pb concentrations were fit well with the linear sorption model. The organic carbon normalized partition coefficients (Log KOC) ranged from 2.90 to 2.99. Linear partition coefficient (Kd) values were positively correlated with the soil properties, such as clay (R2 =0.90), OC (R2 =0.94) and pH (R2 = 0.45); however, weak correlation was found between Kd and soil sand contents (R2 = 0.12). The leachability model showed potential risk of Pb leaching from silt soil with lowest organic matter content. The findings are of significant importance for understanding potential threats of Pb to the soil ecosystem, groundwater, plants, and humans.
The Effect of Noise Sensitivity on Psychophysiological Response Through Virtual Reality Environment Experience: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Jo Hyun In , Lee Kounseok , Jeon Jin Yong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Noise sensitivity is a crucial factor affecting subjective psychophysiological responses to the acoustic environment of various indoor and outdoor spaces. This study examines how noise sensitivity or hyperacusis affects emotional recovery and recovery of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response in experiencing various environments (urban and natural) of virtual reality (VR) that represents the actual environment. A total of 60 general participants with mild depression, stress, and anxiety were examined using a survey to investigate individual characteristics, including noise sensitivity, and used K-means clustering to classify the sensitivity groups. Emotional responses were measured using the Korean edition of Profile of Mood States and physiological responses were measured by assessing heart rate variability. Overall, the emotional recovery effect was greater in the natural environment than the urban environment, and the homeostatic mechanism of the ANS was better maintained, thereby increasing stress resistance. We discovered that noise sensitivity does not have much effect on psychophysiological recovery in the natural environment, but has a significant effect on emotional response in the urban environment. This can be used as basic data in seeking customized emotional recovery for individuals using VR technology in the future.
SMS: A Novel Approach for Bacterial Strain Genome Reconstruction in Multiple Samples
Authors: Wang Saidi , Ventolero Minerva Fatimae , Hu Haiyan , Li Xiaoman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe analysis of the bacterial strains is important for the understanding of drug resistance. Despite the existence of dozens of computational tools for bacterial strain studies, most of them are developed for the limited number of known bacterial strains. Almost all remaining tools are designed to analyze individual samples or local regions instead of the entire bacterial genomes. With multiple shotgun metagenomic samples routinely generated in a project, it is necessary to create methods to reconstruct novel bacterial strain genomes in multiple samples.ResultsWe developed a novel computational approach called SMS to de novo reconstruct bacterial Strain genomes from Multiple shotgun sequencing Samples. Tested on 702 simulated and 195 experimental datasets, SMS reliably identified the strain number, strain abundance, and strain polymorphisms. Compared with two existing approaches, SMS showed superior performance in terms of more accurate estimation of the strain number, abundance and variations.ConclusionsSMS is a useful tool for novel bacterial strain reconstruction in multiple shotgun metagenomic samples.
An Exploration of Person-Centred Approach in End-of-Life Care Policies in England and Japan
Authors: Fang Chao , Tanaka Miho 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has suggested that a person-centred approach is beneficial not only for improving care outcomes but also for mitigating the pressure on public health systems. However, policy implementation gaps have prevented the translation of this complex framework into useful practical, ethical and moral stances for end-of-life care. This article aims to explore the meaning and implications of person-centredness in end-of-life care policy discourses.Methods: By perceiving policy documents as a medium embodied with socio-political and cultural norms, we analysed how person-centred approach in end-of-life care is constructed within specific socio-cultural contexts and the implications of these contexts on resultant care. Focusing on England and Japan, we conducted a critical policy analysis to examine and compare key policy and legal documents collected between 2007 and 2019 in these two post-industrial and socio-culturally distinctive countries. Results: Our analysis found that the person-centred approach is mobilised in policy discourses primarily through three interconnected dimensions: individual, relational and existential. While acknowledging that both countries have developed varied policy and legal mechanisms to emphasise holistic and integrated care with respect to these three dimensions, we also identified significant gaps in the policies both within and between England and Japan. They include ambiguity in defining patients’ best interests, fragmented support for social and family care and the neglect of existential needs. Conclusions: This cross-cultural analysis has revealed the complex nature of discourses around person-centred approach in English and Japanese end-of-life care policies, which often concentrate on the multifaceted aspects of experiences as one approaches the end of life. Despite this, we argue that a more holistic construction of person-centred approach is needed in end-of-life care policies not only in England and Japan but also more broadly, to encapsulate the richness of end-of-life experiences.
Evaluation of the Effects of Chitosan on Methotrexate-Induced Oral Mucositis in Rats
Authors: Bilginaylar Kani , Aykac Asli , Sayiner Serkan , Özkayalar Hanife , Şehirli Ahmet Özer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
I. Background: Methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, is known to cause oral mucositis. Chitosan has been shown to have a protective effect in inflammatory animal models. This research aimed to examine the protective effect of chitosan against oral mucositis caused by MTX. II. Methods and Results: Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups, 8 in each group as follow: Control (saline via oral gavage for 5 days), MTX (60 mg/kg single dose MTX intraperitoneally on 1st day and for following 4 days saline via oral gavage), and MTX+Chitosan(1st day single dose 60 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneally and followed with 200 mg/kg Chitosan via oral gavage for 4 days). After 24 hours of the last dose, animals were euthanised. Blood, tongue, buccal and palatal mucosa tissues were collected. Serum interleukin 1-beta (IL1-β), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, and MMP-2) activities, and tissue bcl-2/bax ratio and the expression of caspase-3 (casp-3), and casp-9 were detected. The tissues were also examined histologically. Serum TNF-α, IL1-β, MMP-1 and MMP-2 activities and tissue casp-3 and casp-9 activities significantly increased but the bcl-2/bax ratio significantly decreased in the MTX group compared to the control group. Histologically, diffuse inflammatory cells were observed in MTX group. However, In the MTX + Chitosan group, all parameters approached the values of control group. III. Conclusion: Chitosan has been found to have a protective effect against oral mucosal damage caused by MTX. Thus, it may be a candidate agent against MTX induced oral mucositis.
WITHDRAWN: A Histopathology Model of Astrocytoma
Authors: Arabestanino Alireza , Ai Arman , Jalali Hastin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Neoplastic transformation occurs in all glial cell types of the human nervous system, producing a wide variety of clinic-pathological entities and morphological variants. As the molecular events responsible for astrocytoma formation and progression are being clarified, it is becoming possible to correlate these alterations with the specific histopathological and biological features of astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. Diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication in brain stem astrocytoma’s have been hindered by the occurrence in the same site of two distinct pathological entities-fibrillary and pilocytic astrocytoma. The small size of the specimens from this region adds an additional confounding factor in tumor classification. Nevertheless, histological assignment to either of these two prognostically different categories is often possible, especially if the importance of this distinction is recognized. In the face of a nonspecific histological diagnosis, e.g. "low-grade astrocytoma', certain radiographic and clinical features may, in combination with the pathological findings, be useful in tumor subclassification.
In Silico-guided Metabolic Engineering of Bacillus Subtilis for Efficient Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleosides by Blocking the Key Backflow Nodes
Authors: Deng Aihua , Qiu Qidi , Sun Qinyun , Chen Zhenxiang , Wang Junyue , Zhang Yu , Liu Shuwen , Wen Tingyi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Purine nucleosides play essential roles in cellular physiological processes and have a wide range of applications in the fields of antitumor/antiviral drugs and food. However, microbial overproductions of purine nucleosides by de novo metabolic engineering have been a great challenge due to their strict and complex regulatory machinery involved in the biosynthetic pathways. Results: In this study, we designed an in silico-guided strategy for overproducing purine nucleosides based on the genome-scale metabolic network model in Bacillus subtilis. The metabolic flux was analyzed to predict two key backflow nodes Drm (Purine nucleotides toward PPP) and YwjH (PPP-EMP) for resolving the competitive relationship between biomass and purine nucleotides synthesis. In terms of the purine synthesis pathway, the first backflow node Drm was inactivated to block the degradation of purine nucleotides and greatly increased the inosine production to 13.98–14.47 g/L without affecting cell growth. Furthermore, releasing feedback inhibition of purine operon by promoter replacement further enhanced the accumulation of purine nucleotides. In terms of the central carbon metabolic pathways, deleting the second backflow node YwjH and overexpressing Zwf were combined to increase the inosine production to 22.01±1.18 g/L by enhancing the metabolic flow of PPP. Through switching on the flux node of the glucose-6- phosphate to PPP or EMP, the final inosine engineered strain produced up to 25.81±1.23 g/L of inosine by a pgi-based metabolic switch in shake-flask cultivation, suggesting the highest yield in de novo engineered inosine bacteria. Under the guidance of the in silico-designed strategy, a general chassis bacterium was generated for the first time to efficiently synthesize inosine, adenosine, guanosine, IMP, and GMP, providing the sufficient precursor for the synthesis of various purine intermediates. Conclusions: Overall, in silico-guided metabolic engineering successfully optimized the purine synthesis pathway by exploring the efficient targets, representing a superior strategy for efficient biosynthesis of the biotechnological products.