bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Effects of Graphene Nano Particles (GNP) on the Combustion Behaviors of Renewable Jet Fuel Droplets
Authors: Parveg A. S. M. Sazzad , Singh Gurjap , Ratner Albert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to the impact of fossil fuel use on the environment, renewable jet fuel has been pursued as an alternative fuel for aircraft engines. Several renewable jet fuels are developed with minimal carbon footprint and pollutants emission to replace petroleum jet fuels. To modify certain combustion behaviors such as combustion rate, ignition delay and total combustion time, colloidal suspension of carbon-based nanoparticles to liquid fuels has proven to be an effective mechanism. But the influence of carbon-based nanoparticles on the combustion behaviors of renewable jet fuels at different concentrations has not yet been investigated. Researchers have been exploring ways to modify the combustion performances of renewable jet fuel, and in this work, the addition of carbon-based nanoparticles (Graphene Nano Particles) is examined as a potential performance enhancing additive for fuel transport safety. The effects of Graphene Nano Particles (GNP) on the ignition and combustion characteristics of soy oil and canola oil based renewable jet fuel at different mass concentrations (1%, 2% & 3%) loading are investigated in this manuscript. The impact of different mass concentrations loading of GNP on the combustion behavior is analyzed by post-processing the high-speed images. It is observed that the ignition delay decreased by 8.52% and combustion rate decreased by 7.26% for renewable jet fuel at 3% GNP loading. GNP also caused a maximum decrease of total combustion time by 13.61% at 3% loading. It is expected that this study will drive further interest in fuel characteristics improvement of renewable jet fuel and will provide experimental data for future computational modeling.
Strength Analysis and Structural Optimization of Multi-Piece Wheels for Heavy Vehicles
Authors: Luo Jintao , Liu Xiandong , Zhang Yue , Shan Yingchun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to the capacity for high payloads and harsh operating conditions, and the simple demounting tire operation, multipiece wheels are widely used on heavy vehicles and construction machinery. There is potential for weight reduction of one certain multi-piece wheel (type 8.5-20) for heavy vehicles based on its greatly low failure rate from the customer usage data. In order to improve material efficiency, the strength analysis and structural optimization of the multi-piece wheel was systematically studied in this paper. The characteristics of the wheel under the bending load and radial load were simulated by using finite element method (FEM). According to the obtained stress distribution, the rim base was optimized on the basis of its performance under the radial load. SolidWorks, Abaqus and Excel were integrated on the optimization design platform Isight to automate the optimum workflow based on the approximation loop strategy. This strategy packed in Exploration component of Isight is an iterative algorithm which creates an approximation and executes an optimization plan multiple times, updating the approximation automatically between each cycle if deemed necessary. Eventually, the optimal results showed that a good lightweight design effect was acquired, and the weight of the rim base was reduced by 6.5% under requirements of strength and rigidity. The research provides a fast method for the optimal design of wheels because of less calculation of simulation model and fast convergence with above strategy.
Influence of Carotid Artery Stenosis Location on Lesion Progression Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Albadawi Muhamed , Abuouf Yasser , Ookawara Shinichi , Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major arterial disease characterized by the thickening of the arteries’ walls. The development of stenosis at the carotid bifurcation affects the local variations in blood flow dynamic factors. The carotid artery dynamic factors: including the wall shear stress (WSS), time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and pressure gradient affect the rate of progression of the stenosis. It is essential to analyze the flow in three-dimensional reconstructed patient-specific geometries with realistic boundary conditions to estimate the blood flow dynamic factors. Hence, a three-dimensional comprehensive model is developed including the non-Newtonian blood flow under pulsatile flow conditions. The model is numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics solvers along with the medical imaging to investigate the effect of stenosis locations on its progression. The numerically predicted blood flow dynamic factors are analyzed. It was found that the blood flow dynamic factors have the importance to influence the diagnosis and prediction of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis progression. Based on results, the value of TAWSS at the stenosis in the stenotic Common Carotid Artery (CCA) is 46.68 Pa comparing to 19.24 Pa and 10.049 Pa in Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) and External Carotid Artery (ECA) respectively. Also, it was found that the maximum value of WSS in the healthy artery at the bifurcation with 3.829 Pa. However, in stenotic arteries the maximum value for WSS located at the stenosis throat which was found to be 102.158 Pa for CCA comparing to 46.859 Pa in ICA and 33.658 Pa in ECA.
Steerable Unidirectional Wave Emission From a Single Piezoelectric Transducer Using a Shape Memory Alloy Composite Metasurface
Authors: Song Yihao , Shen Yanfeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) systems generally adopt piezoelectric transducers which emit omnidirectional wave fields. The achievement of directionality of guided wave generation will benefit the structural sensing purpose, which allows better detection and localization of the damage sites.
In this study, a type of metamaterial ultrasonic radar is proposed for the steerable unidirectional wave manipulation. It contains a circular array of unit cells stuck in an aluminum plate which are delicately arranged in a circular fashion. Each unit cell is composed of a shape memory alloy substrate and a lead stub. The controllable bandgap of such metamaterial system can be achieved due to the stiffness change of nitinol between its martensite phase and austenite phase under a thermal load. This research starts with a Finite Element Model (FEM) of the unit cell to compute its frequency-wavenumber domain dispersion characteristics, demonstrating the adjustable bandgap feature. Then, numerical modeling of the metamaterial radar is performed by shifting the bandgap of one sector of the metasurface away from the excitation frequency. The modeling results demonstrate that the martensite phase metasurface area forms a bandgap region where guided wave energy cannot penetrate, while the bandgap of the austenite sector shifts away from the excitation frequency, opening up a transmission path for the ultrasonic waves. By rotating the austenite sector, the metamaterial structure can work like a wave emission radar, realizing of the steerable unidirectional wave radiation with a single transducer. Such an active metasurface possesses great application potential in future SHM and NDE systems.
Dendrite Suppression and Energy Density in Metal Batteries With Electrolyte Flow Through Perforated Electrodes
Authors: Parekh Mihir , Rahn Christopher 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Previous research shows that forced advection through porous lithium metal electrodes can eliminate dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries. In this paper, we study the effect of creeping electrolyte flow through perforated metal anodes on dendrite growth and energy density by using a 2D COMSOL Multiphysics model. The flowing electrolyte enhances plating inside the slot (2D model of pore) and reduces plating on the part of electrode directly facing the counter-electrode. This reduces the chances of short circuit via dendrite growth. Higher electrolyte velocity reduces the plating current density in the inter-slot gap and increases the amount of plating in the slot. Larger slot separation and thicker electrodes alleviate dendrite growth but lower the specific charge density. Wider slots enhance the possibility of short circuits and narrower slots may get plugged due to plating inside the hole. Thus, slot width, slot separation, and electrode thickness should be optimized to ensure high specific charge density and non-dendritic plating in the inter-slot gap.
Non-Volatile Fraction Effects in Dispersed Vacuum Spray Flash Evaporation
Authors: Guo Guangyu , Deng Hongling , Zhu Chao , Ji Zhiming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Spray flash evaporation has been widely used in spray cooling and thermal distillation as a technology of heat/mass transfer enhancement. In a vacuum spray flash process, the vapor is instantly extracted by vacuuming, while the supersaturated droplets are further cooled by the continued spray flash until becoming saturated or discharged. Hence, in the evaporator, non-equilibrium exists not only in the flash evaporation driven by the pressure difference between droplet and ambient but also in the temperatures of yields, namely, generated vapor and discharged liquid with or without precipitates.
To deeper understand such interesting thermal non-equilibrium between two phases in a spray flash evaporation of salty water, this paper establishes a multi-component spray flash evaporation model which coupled with diffusivity effect of non-volatile fraction, as well as the influence of spray polydispersion. An experimental system is also set up for evaporative coefficient determination, as well as model validation. The theoretical and experimental results meet a good agreement. It indicates the salinity and the superheat level of inlet feed have substantial impacts on such thermal non-equilibrium phenomenon of the temperature difference between the extracted vapor and the discharged liquid residue.
Design of a Dexterous Robotic Arm Manipulator Using Hybrid BCI
Authors: Medina Portilla Daniel A. , Nandikolla Vidya K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the design of a hybrid Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system that provides control commands to manipulate a robotic arm. The goal is to facilitate BCI controlled real-time robotic applications by using a semi-autonomous operation mode that accepts multiple commands. Simple tasks, like moving forward or turning, are executed based on a single BCI command while more complicated tasks, like grabbing or pushing an object are automated once the task is selected. The robotic arm vision system uses an Intel RealSense D435 camera for image and depth perception where a point cloud generates an interface for the user to select an object. The user selects an object to manipulate, which identifies the goal position and location. After the location and object is determined, the software interface moves the robotic arm to have the selected object in the robotic arms’ workspace. The current robotic arm design utilizes an open bionics Brunel dexterous hand as the end effector which allows for human-like hand actions. A simulation platform is developed to verify the effect of the entire system of a dexterous robotic arm on a mobile platform. The system design and results using a hybrid BCI system is demonstrated.
Damage Size Estimation for Composite Laminates Based on an Anisotropic Wavefront Expression
Authors: Hameed M. Saqib , Li Zheng , Zheng Kaihong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A Multistage Elliptical Parametric (MEP) method is developed in this research for damage size evaluation in anisotropic composite laminates. The Lamb waves are actuated and sensed using piezoelectric (lead zirconate titanate, PZT) transducers arranged as a network of square cells. The dynamic response signals are processed using a continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) based on the Gabor wavelet for accurate time of flight (ToF) measurements. A numerical method is developed for the construction of non-elliptic path loci for each actuator-sensor pair. The damage is localized first using the least squares method, and then the damage edge points are located on each non-elliptic path loci as points which have the minimum distance from the damage location. The MEP method based on the damage edge points is implemented in multiple stages for damage size evaluation in a cross-ply laminate. Each stage is designed on the basis on excitation of specific prearranged transducers inside the square cell. The results indicate that the MEP method can quantitatively estimate the size of an elliptical damage in cross-ply laminates.
Effect of Filter Type and Filter Size on Roundness/Circularity Measurement Using Different Mathematical Algorithms
Authors: Sahay Chittaranjan , Ghosh Suhash , Premkumar Joseph Daniel , Ramachandran Siva Pooja 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the manufacturing industry, it is almost inconceivable to produce a rotating component without a minimal amount of roundness tolerance. The importance of studying roundness form deviations of circular and cylindrical features is to avoid the excessive lateral or axial runout deviations of the rotating and reciprocating parts during dynamic operations. Considering the precision that industries require now and will require in the future, the authors of this article have chosen roundness (also called circularity per ASME Standards) as the measurable parameter. In order to arrive at precise results, the roundness of a near-to-perfect cylinder is measured on an accurate spindle and turn-table type measuring instrument. Roundness profile, when measured, can be filtered in various ways to reduce or eliminate unwanted details, with a cut-off value set in terms of undulations per revolution (UPR), which gives valuable information about how the component may function, under specific conditions. Looking at real-life roundness graphs it is clear that information exists in the data at different frequencies. A classic example is ovality, which indicates an irregularity that occurs two times in one complete revolution. The workpiece would be said to have two lobes or two UPR. Multiple lobes may be present on a component, a condition contributing to either problems of fit with mating components or part functionality. Additionally, usage of recommended or generalized filter, yields data that approximately lies in the range of acceptability. Thus, there is a strong need to thoroughly understand the effect of filter size and type on roundness (form error for fit) and part functionality. Many published articles have investigated novel filters to accurately and efficiently calculate roundness. However, no work was found in literature that would present the filter size and type selection criteria and correlate it with roundness depending on mathematical method of calculating roundness and further to part functionality. This paper focusses on the investigation of filter type and size effect on roundness based on different mathematical methods of roundness error calculations. By varying parameters like the filter type (Gaussian 50%, 75% and RC Filters), the filter sizes (1 through 500 UPR) and the methods of measuring the roundness — (Least Squares Circle (LSC), Minimum Circumscribed Circle (MCC), Maximum Inscribed Circle (MIC) and Minimum Zone Circles or Separation (MZC or MZS)), roundness at different heights of the workpiece is evaluated. A clear trend is observed from the results, which can further help one to choose filters and their respective sizes for the respective design intent or the application in question.
The Effect of Working Temperature on the Performance of Water Desalination Using Forward Osmosis: A CFD Study
Authors: Alshwairekh Ahmed M. , Alqsair Umar F. , Alwatban Anas M. , Caspar Justin , Oztekin Alparslan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics simulations for water desalination using forward osmosis were conducted on a flat membrane module. In the simulations, the effect of the porous support layer is assumed negligible. The simulations were performed with two values of flow rate such that the Reynolds number equals 200 and 800 in each channel. The working temperatures of both the feed and the draw solutions were varied from 20°C to 40°C. The feed solution had a concentration of 0.00355 solute mass fraction while the draw concentration was set to 0.0355 solute mass fraction. In all simulations, the laminar model was utilized. The results of the simulations suggest that the osmotic pressure is not the only factor that affects the water flux in forward osmosis when there is a temperature difference between the two sides of the membrane. The solution properties have a significant effect on the separation process. As the solution temperature increases, the viscosity decreases, which in turn increases the water permeation through the membrane. The feed temperature had a more substantial influence on the water flux compared to the draw temperature. Also, the effect of changing the flow rate did not change the results substantially.
Effect of Geometric Shape of Periodic Cavities in Attenuating Baseframe Vibration
Authors: Das S. N. , Kohli Kachita , Kumar Ayush , Sabareesh G. R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vibration attenuation is an important factor while designing rotating machinery since frequency lying in the range corresponding to natural modes of structures can result in resonance and ultimately failure. Damping dissipates energy in the system, which reduces the vibration level. The mitigation of vibrations can be achieved by designing the base frame with periodic air holes. The periodicity in air holes result in vibration attenuation by providing a stop band. A finite element-based approach is developed to predict the modal and frequency response. The analysis is carried out with different shapes of periodic cavities in order to study the effectiveness of periodic stop bands in attenuating vibrations. The amount of mass removed due to the periodic cavities is kept constant. It is seen that better attenuation is obtained in case of periodic cavities compared to a uniform base frame. Among the different geometries tested, rectangular cavities showed better results than circular and square cavities. As a result, it is seen that waves propagate along periodic cells only within specific frequency bands called the “Pass bands”, while these waves are completely blocked within other frequency bands called the “Stopbands”. The air cavities filter structural vibrations in certain frequency bands resulting in effective attenuation.
Retracted: “Locomotion System Design of an Active Capsule Endoscopy” [ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Volume 7A: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control, Virtual, Online, November 16–19, 2020, Conference Sponsors: ASME, ISBN: 978-0-7918-8454-6, Copyright © 2020 by ASME. Paper No. IMECE2020-23598, V07AT07A012; 6 pages; doi: 10.1115/IMECE2020-23598]
Authors: ASME  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper was removed from publication at the author’s request, February 26, 2021.
Copyright © 2021 by ASME
An Innovative Design for Drillstring Testbed for High Pressure High Temperature Drilling
Authors: Tucker Randall , Palazzolo Alan , Gharib Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel design for a full-scale, industrial-size, and high pressure high temperature (HPHT) drillstring test rig is presented. The test more accurately replicates the downhole environment with regards to bit performance limiters. The facility has a high-power drill string with side loading, reasonably sized mud pumps, a HPHT sample that generates a hot pressurized rock-bit interface and the ability to easily replicate specific drilling scenarios. This provides a step change in drilling research. Replicating down-hole HPHT conditions in a surface level drilling test rig is challenging but will deliver significant benefits for downhole tool and instrument development. The proposed test rig will provide these test conditions for developing longer lasting and more efficient bits, more effective drilling fluids, and lower friction tool joints to increase weight on bit (WOB) and rate of penetration (ROP). A secondary benefit is for identification of bit-rock interaction laws that will assist in implementing successful automated drilling (AD) approaches to reduce drillstring and bit failures from stick-slip, bit-bounce and other drilling anomalies. AD has the potential for increasing efficiency as well as reliability of drilling. The force and torque laws will also be utilized in drillstring dynamics simulation software for operator training and hardware development. The proposed test rig gives the industry a unique opportunity to couple experimental work that is representative of downhole conditions with actual industry problems and concerns. By using data sets from actual drilling operations, we will be able to replicate what is occurring downhole but in a controlled, measurable environment on the surface. The system will be highly automated with a remotely operated control room, to increase safety in the high temperature, pressure, force and torque environment of the test rig. The system is to be fully enclosed with an API rated pressure containment system. The description of the test rig here is intended to convey the complexity of the hardware needed to meet functionality requirements and operating conditions. The design is purposely configured to accommodate the inevitable small requirement modifications, with minimal delays in rig completion.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Based Cohesive Zone Representation of Intergranular Fracture Processes in Bicrystalline Graphene
Authors: Shishir MD Imrul Reza , Tabarraei Alireza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The fracture properties of various grain boundaries in graphene are investigated using the cohesive zone method (CZM). Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted using REBO2+S potential in order to develop a cohesive zone model for graphene grain boundaries using a double cantilever bicrystalline graphene sheet. The cohesive zone model is used to investigate the traction–separation law to understand the separation-work and strength of grain boundaries.
Smooth Time-Optimal Path Tracking for Robot Manipulators With Kinematic Constraints
Authors: Hu Kui , Dong Yunfei , Wu Dan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Previous works solve the time-optimal path tracking problems considering piece-wise constant parametrization for the control input, which may lead to the discontinuous control trajectory. In this paper, a practical smooth minimum time trajectory planning approach for robot manipulators is proposed, which considers complete kinematic constraints including velocity, acceleration and jerk limits. The main contribution of this paper is that the control input is represented as the square root of a polynomial function, which reformulates the velocity and acceleration constraints into linear form and transforms the jerk constraints into the difference of convex form so that the time-optimal problem can be solved through sequential convex programming (SCP). The numerical results of a real 7-DoF manipulator show that the proposed approach can obtain very smooth velocity, acceleration and jerk trajectories with high computation efficiency.
Retracted: “Sensorless Control of Tubular Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor Considering the End Effect” [ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing, Virtual, Online, November 16–19, 2020, Conference Sponsors: ASME, ISBN: 978-0-7918-8449-2, Copyright © 2020 by ASME. Paper No. IMECE2020-23676, V02BT02A042; 6 pages; doi: 10.1115/IMECE2020-23676]
Authors: ASME  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper was removed from publication at the author’s request, March 8, 2021.
Copyright © 2021 by ASME