bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in serum and urinary metabolomic profile after a dietary intervention in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Nybacka Sanna , Simrén Magnus , Störsrud Stine , Törnblom Hans , Winkvist Anna , Lindqvist Helen M. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multi-faceted gastrointestinal disorder where food intake often triggers symptoms. Metabolomics may provide mechanistical insights to why responses to dietary modifications are diverse.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify metabolite patterns related to dietary intake in patients with IBS, and to identify metabolites driving the separation between responders and non-responders to treatment.MethodsParticipants were randomized to a low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet (LFD) or traditional IBS diet (TID) for four weeks. Fasting serum and urine samples pre- and post-intervention were analyzed using1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. Response to treatment was defined as a reduction in IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) ≥50.ResultsTwenty-five individuals in the LFD (13 responders) and 28 in the TID (14 responders) were included in these post hoc analyses. In endpoint samples, significant decreases in polyols and glucose were seen in the LFD. Post-intervention samples revealed that LFD responders had significantly increased levels of 2-hydroxybuturate and decreased levels of glucose and pantothenic acid compared to non-responders. For the TID, only weak multivariate models were identified and a larger diversity in metabolite response compared to the LFD were noted.ConclusionsIn this study, metabolite patterns between individuals who responded well to an LFD compared to non-responders could be distinguished. This provides new hypotheses for mechanistic actions related to response to dietary modifications, but the results need to be validated in larger cohorts.Clinical trial registrationThis trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.gov, registry numberNCT02107625.
Comprehensive infection control measures prevent hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: A single-center prospective cohort study and seroprevalence survey
Authors: Hori Hiroshi , Fukuchi Takahiko , Sanui Masamitsu , Moriya Takashi , Sugawara Hitoshi 
Published: October 2021

Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with a high mortality rate in older adults; therefore, it is important for medical institutions to take measures to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. This study aimed to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) and the effectiveness of infection control measures.

Methods
This study had a cross-sectional component and a prospective cohort component. The cross-sectional component comprised an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody survey among HCWs at a medical center in Saitama City, Japan. In the prospective cohort component, HCWs at the same medical center were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies monthly over a 3-month period (May to July 2020) to assess the effectiveness of infection prevention measures, including personal protective equipment use. All participants in the cohort study also participated in the antibody survey. The primary outcome was anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody (measured using Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2) positivity based on whether participants were engaged in COVID-19-related medical care. Other risk factors considered included occupational category, age, and sex.

Results
In total, 607 HCWs participated in the antibody survey and 116 doctors and nurses participated in the cohort study. Only one of the 607 participants in the survey tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All participants in the cohort study were anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody negative at baseline and remained antibody negative. Engaging in the care of COVID-19 patients did not increase the risk of antibody positivity. During the study period, a total of 30 COVID-19 in-patients were treated in the hospital.

Conclusions
The infection control measures in the hospital protected HCWs from nosocomially acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, HCWs should engage in COVID-19-related medical care with confidence provided that they adhere to infectious disease precautions.
Alterations in children’s sub-dominant gut microbiota by HIV infection and anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: Nguyen Quynh Thi , Ishizaki Azumi , Bi Xiuqiong , Matsuda Kazunori , Nguyen Lam Van , Pham Hung Viet , Phan Chung Thi Thu , Phung Thuy Thi Bich , Ngo Tuyen Thi Thu , Nguyen An Van , Khu Dung Thi Khanh , Ichimura Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

Objective
We investigated the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) on the gut microbiota of children.

Design
This cross-sectional study investigated the gut microbiota of children with and without HIV.

Methods
We collected fecal samples from 59 children with HIV (29 treated with ART [ART(+)] and 30 without ART [HIV(+)]) and 20 children without HIV [HIV(–)] in Vietnam. We performed quantitative RT-PCR to detect 14 representative intestinal bacteria targeting 16S/23S rRNA molecules. We also collected the blood samples for immunological analyses.

Results
In spearman’s correlation analyses, no significant correlation between the number of dominant bacteria and age was found among children in the HIV(−) group. However, the number of sub-dominant bacteria, including Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae, positively correlated with age in the HIV(−) group, but not in the HIV(+) group. In the HIV(+) group, Clostridium coccoides group positively associated with the CD4+ cell count and its subsets. In the ART(+) group, Staphylococcus and C. perfringens positively correlated with CD4+ cells and their subsets and negatively with activated CD8+ cells. C. coccoides group and Bacteroides fragilis group were associated with regulatory T-cell counts. In multiple linear regression analyses, ART duration was independently associated with the number of C. perfringens, and Th17 cell count with the number of Staphylococcus in the ART(+) group.

Conclusions
HIV infection and ART may influence sub-dominant gut bacteria, directly or indirectly, in association with immune status in children with HIV.
Factors associated with oral pain and oral health-related productivity loss in the USA, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2015–2018
Authors: Aldosari Muath , Mendes Suellen da Rocha , Aldosari Ahad , Aldosari Abdullah , de Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães 
Published: October 2021

Background
Our aim was to identify clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with oral pain and oral health-related productivity loss among US adults.

Methods
We included adults aged ≥30 years who completed the dental examination, had at least one natural tooth, and provided an answer about their oral pain experience or oral health-related productivity loss in the 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES). We performed descriptive analyses and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses on weighted data.

Results
One out of four adults had oral pain and 4% reported oral health-related productivity loss occasionally or often within the last year of the survey. The odds of oral pain were higher among non-Hispanic black (OR = 1.35; 95%CI = 1.08–1.62) and non-Hispanic Asian individuals (OR = 1.38; 95%CI = 1.07–1.78) compared to non-Hispanic white individuals, and individuals with untreated dental caries (OR = 2.06; 95%CI = 1.72–2.47). The odds for oral health-related productivity loss were 13.85 times higher among individuals who reported oral pain (95%CI = 8.07–23.77), and 2.18 times higher among individuals with untreated dental caries (95%CI = 1.65–2.89). The odds of oral pain and reported oral health-related productivity loss decreased as family income increased.

Conclusions
Factors including non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, lower socio-economic status, and untreated dental caries are associated with oral pain experience, which increases the odds of oral health-related productivity losses. Identifying factors associated with oral pain and productivity loss will enable clinicians, policymakers, and employers to proactively target and prioritize the higher-risk groups in early interventions and policies.
What predicts the knowledge of breastfeeding practices among late adolescent girls? evidence from a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Mishra Prem Shankar , Srivastava Shobhit , Sinha Debashree 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionBreastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure infant health and survival. Inadequate breastfeeding practices, and knowledge among adolescent mothers have led to unprecedented infant and child morbidity and mortality. Given, the high global prevalence of adolescent mothers it is imperative to understand how the knowledge of breastfeeding practices operates among adolescent girls across different socio-economic settings.Materials & methodsData was carried out from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) survey, conducted in 2015–16. Descriptive statistics along with bivariate analysis was done to examine the preliminary results. For analysing the association between the binary outcome variable and other explanatory variables, binary logistic regression method was used. The explanatory variables were educational status of the respondent, media exposure, working status, ever pregnant status (only for married adolescent girls), sex and age of the household head, educational status of the head of the household, caste, religion, wealth index, residence and states.ResultsAbout 42%, 50%, and 42% of married adolescent girls had knowledge of immediate breastfeeding, yellowish milk, and exclusive breastfeeding respectively. The odds of knowledge about immediate breastfeeding [married-AOR: 1.57; CI: 1.09–2.28 and unmarried-AOR: 1.30; CI: 1.08–1.55], yellowish milk feeding [married-AOR: 2.09; CI: 1.46–3.01 and unmarried-AOR: 1.39; CI: 1.17–1.66], and exclusive breastfeeding [married-AOR: 1.74; CI: 1.2–2.52 and unmarried-AOR: 1.46; CI: 1.22–1.76] were significantly more among adolescent girls aged 19 years old compared to 15 years old girls. Adolescent married and unmarried girls with 10 & above years of schooling were 1.82 times [AOR: 1.82; CI: 1.52–2.18] and 2.69 times [AOR: 2.69; CI: 2.08–3.47] more likely to have knowledge about immediate breastfeeding, 1.74 times [AOR: 1.74; CI: 1.45–2.09] and 2.10 times [AOR: 2.10; CI: 1.68–2.62] more likely to have knowledge about yellowish milk feeding, and 3.13 times [AOR: 3.13; CI: 2.6–3.78] and 3.87 times [AOR: 3.87; CI: 2.95–5.08] more likely to have knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding respectively than girls with no schooling.ConclusionBreastfeeding practices and interpersonal counselling from elders in the household should be encouraged. Ongoing breastfeeding promotion programs of the government should promote high education of adolescent girls. Mass media interventions should be encouraged.
Effect of chronic kidney disease on outcomes following proximal humerus fragility fracture surgery in diabetic patients: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Chien-Tien , Lin Su-Ju , Kuo Liang-Tseng , Chen Tien-Hsing , Hsu Wei-Hsiu , Chen Chi-Lung , Yu Pei-An , Peng Kuo-Ti , Tsai Yao-Hung 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe proximal humerus fracture (PHF) is the third most common fragility fracture. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both risks for fragility fractures; however, the interplay of DM and CKD makes treatment outcomes unpredictable. This study aimed to investigate and compare early and late outcomes following proximal humerus fracture fixation surgery in diabetic patients with different renal function conditions.MethodsDM patients receiving PHF fixation surgery during 1998–2013 were recruited from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. According to their renal function, patients were divided into three study groups: non-chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-dialysis CKD, and dialysis. Outcomes of interest were early and late perioperative outcomes. Early outcomes included in-hospital newly-onset morbidities. Late outcomes included infection, revision, readmission, and all-cause mortality.ResultsThis study included a total of 10,850 diabetic patients: 2152 had CKD (non-dialysis CKD group), 196 underwent permanent dialysis (dialysis group), and the remaining 8502 did not have CKD (non-CKD group). During a mean follow-up of 5.56 years, the dialysis group showed the highest risk of overall infection, all-cause revision, readmission, and mortality compared to the non-dialysis CKD group and non-CKD group. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that CKD patients had a higher risk of surgical infection following PHF surgery than non-CKD patients in cases with a traffic accident or fewer comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index, CCI <3) (Pfor interaction: 0.086 and 0.096, respectively). Also, CKD patients had an even higher mortality risk after PHF surgery than non-CKD patients, in females, those living in higher urbanization areas, or with more comorbidities (CCI ≥3) (Pfor interaction: 0.011, 0.057, and 0.069, respectively).ConclusionCKD was associated with elevated risks for infection, revision, readmission, and mortality after PHF fixation surgery in diabetic patients. These findings should be taken into consideration when caring for diabetic patients.
Combined serum anti-SSA/Ro and salivary TRIM29 reveals promising high diagnostic accuracy in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Sembler-Møller Maria L. , Belstrøm Daniel , Locht Henning , Pedersen Anne Marie L. 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
To determine the diagnostic potential of simultaneous presence of serum anti-SSA/Ro and upregulated salivary protein biomarkers in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).

Methods
Previous proteomics data on the intensity of neutrophil elastase, calreticulin, tripartite motif containing protein 29 (TRIM29), clusterin and vitronectin provided basis for performing extended analysis. Protein data was obtained by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique in whole saliva from 24 patients with pSS and 16 patients having symptoms of pSS, but not fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism classification criteria (non-pSS). Serum anti-SSA/Ro antibody was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) value was calculated for combined biomarkers.

Results
Simultaneous presence of serum anti-SSA/Ro and upregulated salivary TRIM29 provided the most optimal combination with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.995 (95% CI 0.98–1.00, p = 2.0E-7 and standard error 0.007) and combinations of sensitivity and specificity within the interval of 91–100%. ROC analysis showed that salivary levels of TRIM29 alone enabled differentiation between pSS and non-pSS with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95%CI 0.77–1.00). All patients with pSS and 3 non-pSS patients were serum anti-SSA/Ro positive.

Conclusions
Simultaneous presence of serum anti-SSA/Ro and upregulated salivary TRIM29 provided a high diagnostic accuracy exceeding that of currently available tools used in pSS diagnostics. This biomarker combination represents a promising less invasive diagnostic tool for pSS. The clinical applicability of TRIM29 needs further testing in independent cohorts using relevant analytical techniques.
Disparities in telemedicine utilization among surgical patients during COVID-19
Authors: Lattimore Courtney M. , Kane William J. , Fleming Mark A. , Martin Allison N. , Mehaffey J. Hunter , Smolkin Mark E. , Ratcliffe Sarah J. , Zaydfudim Victor M. , Showalter Shayna L. , Hedrick Traci L. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Telemedicine has been rapidly adopted in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is limited work surrounding demographic and socioeconomic disparities that may exist in telemedicine utilization. This study aimed to examine demographic and socioeconomic differences in surgical patient telemedicine usage during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Department of Surgery outpatients seen from July 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020 were stratified into three visit groups: pre-COVID-19 in-person, COVID-19 in-person, or COVID-19 telemedicine. Generalized linear models were used to examine associations of sex, race/ethnicity, Distressed Communities Index (DCI) scores, MyChart activation, and insurance status with telemedicine usage during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
14,792 patients (median age 60, female [57.0%], non-Hispanic White [76.4%]) contributed to 21,980 visits. Compared to visits before the pandemic, telemedicine visits during COVID-19 were more likely to be with patients from the least socioeconomically distressed communities (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.08,1.58; P = 0.005), with an activated MyChart (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17–1.64; P < .001), and with non-government or commercial insurance (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.84–2.94; P < .001). Adjusted comparison of telemedicine visits to in person visits during COVID-19 revealed telemedicine users were more likely to be female (OR, 1.38, 95% CI, 1.10–1.73; P = 0.005) and pay with non-government or commercial insurance (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.85–4.16; P < .001).

Conclusions
During the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine was more likely utilized by female patients and those without government or commercial insurance compared to patients who used in-person visits. Interventions using telemedicine to improve health care access might consider such differences in utilization.
PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN PADI DI KAMBOJA
Authors: Presilla Mayasuri , Rucianawati Rucianawati , Srirahayu Dina 
Published: October 2021

Cambodia is one of the ten largest rice exporting countries in the world market. Although its reputation is not as great as those of Thailand and Vietnam, the growth of rice production and export is worth to be reckoned. In one decade, an increase of rice production by nine percent per year was followed by an increase of rice export each year. This proves that Cambodia has succeed to struggle from its adversity due to war and colonialism. However, it cannot be denied that Cambodia still faces diverse obstacles in increasing rice production. With all of its limitations, Cambodia has tried to use its resources and collaboration networks as the means to address those obstacles. By looking at the historical and sociological aspects, this study provides a comprehensive picture of rice development in Cambodia, which places more emphasis on recent obstacles and efforts in rice farming.
Orientierung durch Katastrophen
Authors: Labahn Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Catastrophes that threaten life and health have characterized the history of humankind from the very beginning, as has the search for meaning. The descriptions of end-time catastrophes in apocalyptic literature are also concerned with their meaning for the present. In the New Testament, the book of Revelation belongs to this kind of literature. It does not provide a roadmap for the end of the world; the horror images of a subversive narrative aim at understanding the current reality. Using the example of the so-called »damage cycles« (Rev 6:1-17; 8:2-11:19; 15:1-16:21), it will be argued that these texts aim at a theological interpretation that consoles and admonishes its readers by creating narrative spaces for the transience of the seemingly unchangeable Roman rule.
Die Justinianische Pest
Authors: Keller Marcel , Paulus Christof , Xoplaki Elena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Of all known epidemics in Antiquity, the Justinianic Plague became the focus of attention in recent years - not least because it is the first for which the causative agent, the bacterium Yersinia pestis, could be unambiguously identified by palaeogeneticists. The reconstruction of ancient Y. pestis genomes is able to uncover the geographical and temporal extent of the pandemic beyond the limitations of written sources; and phylogenetic studies allow for inferences on the origin and spread of plague through time. But even the mere identification of plague victims in Late Antique and Early Medieval cemeteries offers insights in the crisis management and reactions of past societies to the irruption of the unfathomable, to which historical scholarship - generally based on written sources - has only limited access. However, attempts on the integration of natural scientific research on epidemics and climatic shifts in history are notoriously accused of determinism or an oversimplification of complex coherencies. Therefore, mutual understanding of methodologies and epistemologies of different disciplines is a fundamental prerequisite to avoid simplistic causal inferences from correlations and circular arguments, and lead to a better understanding of the Justinianic Plague and accompanying processes through an integrative approach.
Transfer Pricing Audit Challenges and Dispute Resolution Effectiveness in Developing Countries with Specific Focus on Zimbabwe
Authors: Sebele-Mpofu Favourate Yelesedzani , Mashiri Eukeria , Korera Patrick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Base erosion and profit shifting activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been a hot issue globally. Topical among the strategies employed by MNEs has been the issue of transfer pricing (TP). Developing countries are argued to be significantly affected by TP manipulation resulting in substantial tax revenues being lost. As a response to curb the unfavourable impacts of transfer mispricing, most developing countries have adopted the OECD TP guidelines and enacted TP legislation to regulate TP activities. The arm’s length principle is the core of TP legislation, yet it has brought challenges for tax administrators and their auditors in enforcing and assessing compliance respectively leading to disputes. In view of the ever-changing business world and continuous efforts by MNEs to minimise their tax obligations through income shifting, it was imperative to assess the factors affecting the effectiveness of TP audits and dispute resolutions as measures to enhance compliance and enforcement in developing countries, with specific reference to Zimbabwe. Findings include the lack of clarity in TP legislation, resource constraints and complexity of transactions, lack of expertise as well as the shortage of comparable data. Developing countries are encouraged to formulate clear TP regulations and invest in the capacitation of revenue authorities.
Costs of Sales Forces, Substitution between Competing Products, and Vertical Integration Decisions
Authors: Chou Chung-Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes duopolistic firms’ vertical integration decisions with considering costs of sales forces and sales delegation under vertical integration. The main contribution of our research is showing that full vertical integration (separation) is more common when competing products are highly (weakly) substitutable. Second, contrary to conventional wisdom, an asymmetric vertical structure may not only be an equilibrium outcome but may also be optimal for consumers’ surplus in spite of yielding higher retail prices than those arising under full vertical integration. We also examine the impacts of vertical structures on welfare which have vertical merger policy relevance. First, when products are weakly substitutable, keeping vertical merger costs low may induce full vertical integration to be an equilibrium outcome which optimizes consumers’ surplus and social welfare simultaneously. Second, imposing a vertical merger tax increasing with substitution between products on firms may induce firms’ vertical integration decisions to be optimal for social welfare.