bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Large-Gauge Needle, Corneal Knife, and No. 11 Blade for Percutaneous Achillotomy
Authors: Alpay Yakup , Yildirim Timur , Akbulut Deniz , Cukurlu Mustafa , Ozkocer Suheyla Esra , Elmas Cigdem 
Published: April 2021

Background
In the Ponseti technique, the residual equinus deformity is corrected with percutaneous tenotomy. This experimental study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of a large-gauge needle, a corneal knife, and a No. 11 blade in percutaneous achillotomy performed in rats.

Methods
Ninety Achilles tendons of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed, following division into three study groups. In the study, group I (needle), group II (corneal knife), and group III (No. 11 blade) were compared on the basis of bleeding, incision length, requirement for primary suture, range of motion, and resulting neurovascular injury at day 0. Moreover, the groups were compared in terms of range of motion, macroscopic and microscopic adhesions, and tenocyte morphology at days 21 and 42 postoperatively.

Results
On day 0, one suture was required in group III, whereas in groups I and II, no sutures were required. Postoperative bleeding was greater in group III and similar in groups I and II. Neurovascular injury was not observed in any of the groups. Three incomplete tenotomies were observed in group III and one incomplete tenotomy was observed in group II. Importantly, all tenotomies were complete in group I. In all groups, the range of motion was similar. The macroscopic adhesion score revealed high adhesion in group III (P = .009). According to Tang's criteria, microscopic adhesion was significantly higher on day 21 in group III compared with the other groups (P <0.001). No significant differences were observed in tenocyte morphology based on the Bonar criteria (P = .850).

Conclusions
In the results obtained from this animal study, we observed less bleeding, less adhesion, and less incomplete tenotomy in the large-gauge needle and corneal knife groups compared with the No. 11 blade group during the percutaneous Achilles tenotomy performed in rats.
Long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 is downregulated in osteoporosis and influences the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Teng Zhaowei , Zhu Yun , Hao Qinggang , Yu Xiaochao , Teng Yirong , Yue Qiaoning , Zhang Xiguang , Lu Sheng 
Published: April 2021

Background
With aging, an imbalance in bone remodeling leading to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation is thought to contribute to osteoporosis. Osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis remain incompletely understood. Given that long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (lnc TUG1) plays a critical role in the osteogenic differentiation, and microRNA-23b (miR-23b) as a putative sponge for lnc TUG1 has upregulated expression in osteoporosis. Therefore, this study investigated the roles of TUG1/miR-23b in osteoporotic pathology.

Material and Methods
TUG1 and miR-23b expression in the plasma of osteoporotic patients were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The osteogenic differentiation in human BMMSCs was evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blot, Alizarin red staining after knockdown of TUG1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment.

Results
Decreased expression of TUG1 and increased expression of miR-23b evident in the plasma of patients with osteoporosis than in that of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Additionally, increased miR-23b expression inhibited runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin, and osteopontin expression and reduced calcified nodule formation based on the results of qRT-PCR, western blot, and Alizarin Red S staining.

Conclusion
The study for the first time reported that silence of lncRNA TUG1 significantly suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs possibly by targeting the miR-23b/RUNX2 signaling pathway. This mechanism of TUG1/miR-23b/RUNX2 signaling within the osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs might provide new insight for the development of lncRNA-directed diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.
The impact of functional excess of footwear on the foot shape of 7-year-old girls and boys
Authors: Puszczalowska-Lizis Ewa , Lukasiewicz Aleksandra , Lizis Sabina , Omorczyk Jaroslaw 
Published: April 2021

Background
Properly fitted shoes can support the development of growing feet and prevent problems and pathologies, not only in childhood, but also in adulthood. This points to the need to conduct research on the impact of shoe fitting on the structure of the foot in order to raise awareness and importance of this problem, to enable proper decisions regarding the purchase and use of shoes. The aim of this study was to analyze indoor footwear fit and its impact on foot structure in 7-year-old schoolchildren.

Methods
The CQ-ST podoscope and the Clevermess device were used for measurements. The analysis was carried out using the Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square test, regression analysis.

Results
About 40% of girls and boys had shoes that were incorrectly fitted in length, while as many as 74% of girls and 66% of boys wore shoes that were incorrectly fitted in width. Regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant influence of the footwear length on longitudinal arch of the right and left foot and the transverse arch of the right foot. In boys, the length of the shoes shows associations with the right and left hallux valgus angle.

Conclusion
A significant percentage of the studied 7-year-olds, regardless of gender, wears inappropriately fitted shoes. In both sexes, the length of the footwear influenced the longitudinal arch of the right and left foot and the transverse arch of the right foot. Due to the deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, the boys with hallux valgus require footwear which is wider and therefore their shoes need to be bigger in size.
Human and Environmental Health Implications of Pesticide Utilization by Market Gardeners in the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Kenko Daniel Brice Nkontcheu , Kamta Parfait Nkontcheu 
Published: April 2021

Aims: Assessment of human and environmental health implications of pesticide use by farmers in the western highlands of Cameroon, the case of Fotouni.
Study design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional
Place and Duration of Study: This work was done between November 2016 and March 2017 in Fotouni (West Region of Cameroon).
Methodology: A structured questionnaires randomly administered to 76 markets gardeners owning a farm and willing to take part in the survey.
Results: The survey revealed that secondary school was the highest level of education achieved by most of the respondents (68.4%). Farmers were aged between 19 and 63 years, the highest percentage (47.4%) being in the 31 to 40 years range. Five pesticide families were used in the study area with a predominance of insecticides. Thirty-one commercial names were recorded corresponding to 18 active ingredients. Chlorothalonil was the most used active ingredient. Beauchamp and Dimethoate were two illegally used compounds recorded. Most farmers (89%) mixed pesticide before application while others (31.6%) changed dosage per crop season. Furthermore, prescribed doses were not followed by 34.2% of respondents and 60.5% of farmers hadn’t receive any training on pesticide application. Market gardeners chose pesticides to apply mainly from information on labels (71%). Farm water was used by 92.1% of respondents for domestic purposes; 28.9% of respondents testified active pesticide poisoning while 47.4% failed to use protective equipment during application. Seven post-application symptoms were recorded, the main one being impaired vison and nausea. The farm house was the main pesticide storage site (56%). Empty sachets were poorly managed as respondents burned (42%) or buried (10%). The Restricted Entry Interval was a mystery for the majority of respondents (70%) who declared they re-entered the farms less than 24h after application.
Conclusion: Farmers were highly exposed to pesticides due to ignorance and poor legislation.
Presence or Absence of Earlobes Reveals Different Biometric Structure among the Peluca Hen from Guatemala
Authors: Parés-casanova Pere M. , Jáuregui Raúl 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective: Earlobe, a head furnishing trait, is a non-putative trait in Peluca hen (“naked-necked” hen), a local breed from Guatemala. The objective of this study is to determine if presence or absence of earlobe is linked to a body linear trait.
Materials and Methods: Quantitative data collected on 311 mature hens belonging to Peluca breed were subjected to analyses for two different phenotypic subsets according to presence/absence of earlobes (212 with earlobes and 99 without earlobes). Measured morphometric traits were 18: Weight, Perimeter, Length, Width and Height of Body, Wing Length, Leg Length, Lengths of Head, Beak and Face, Length and Width of Shank, Metatarsal Perimeter, Dorso-sternal Height, Bicostal Length, Withers Height, and Thoracic and Abdominal Perimeters. A Principal Component Analysis was applied to the study of variable between both groups to explore the relationship between traits.
Results: body length and height, and abdominal and thoracic perimeters were the most discriminative traits between groups. “Non-lobe” group presented significative higher values only for body length.
Conclusion: Presence/absence of earlobes describe a different body structure within the Peluca hen. Moreover, as this represents no adaptative response, presence or absence of earlobe must be considered to be more related to the productive aptitude rather than different ecotypes. This association of earlobe with some body traits is important since it can ease the task of selecting productive characteristics of the “Peluca” hen.
Online violent video games and online aggressive behavior among Chinese college students: The role of anger rumination and self‐control
Authors: Zheng Xianliang , Chen Huiping , Wang Zeyi , Xie Fangwei , Bao Zhenzhou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOnline aggressive behavior (OAB) has received increasing attention in recent years, and that playing online violent video games (OVVG) is an important predictor of OAB. However, little is known of the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study aims to investigate (a) the mediating role of anger rumination in the association between OVVG and OAB and (b) the moderating role of self‐control in the relationship between anger rumination and OAB. A total of 595 Chinese college students (M age = 19.59 years, SD age = 1.40) completed measurements regarding OVVG, anger rumination, self‐control, and OAB. The correlation analyses showed that OVVG was significantly positively associated with anger rumination and OAB. Mediation analyses revealed anger rumination partially mediated the link between OVVG and OAB. Moderated mediation further indicated that anger rumination was not associated with OAB for individuals with high levels of self‐control. However, for those with low levels of self‐control, anger rumination was significantly associated with OAB. These findings suggest that the improvement of self‐control and the decline of anger rumination could be a practicable way to address the issue of OAB effectively.
Rechargeable LiCO2 Batteries with Graphdiyne as Efficient Metal‐Free Cathode Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Junxiang , Wang Fuhui , Qi Guicai , Cheng Jianli , Chen Lin , Liu Huibiao , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA rechargeable LiCO2 battery is one of the promising power sources for utilizing the greenhouse gas CO2 in a sustainable approach. However, highly efficient catalysts for reversible formation/decomposition of insulating discharge product, Li2CO3, are the main challenge, which can boost the cycle stability. Herein, 2D single‐atom‐thick graphdiyne (GDY) with abundant acetylenic bond sites is prepared by a bottom‐up cross‐coupling reaction strategy and used as metal‐free catalysts for reversible LiCO2 batteries. The prepared GDY has a rich diacetylenic unit and atomic‐level in‐plane pores in the network, which can chemically adsorb the CO2 molecules and easily promote the Li+ diffusion and thereby resulting in uniform nucleation and reversible formation/decomposition of the discharge product. The GDY hybrid cathodes show a small overpotential gap of 1.4 V at a current density of 50 mA · g−1, a high full discharge capacity of 18 416 mAh · g−1 at 100 mA · g−1, and outstanding long‐term stability of 158 cycles at 400 mA · g−1 with a curtailing capacity of 1000 mAh · g−1. Furthermore, a flexible belt‐shaped LiCO2 battery is fabricated as a proof of concept with a high gravimetric energy density of 165.5 Wh · kg−1 (based on the mass of the whole device) as well as excellent mechanical flexibility.
Polyphenol‐Containing Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Therapeutic Delivery
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Sun Qing , Wu Fu‐Gen , Dai Yunlu , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyphenols, the phenolic hydroxyl group‐containing organic molecules, are widely found in natural plants and have shown beneficial effects on human health. Recently, polyphenol‐containing nanoparticles have attracted extensive research attention due to their antioxidation property, anticancer activity, and universal adherent affinity, and thus have shown great promise in the preparation, stabilization, and modification of multifunctional nanoassemblies for bioimaging, therapeutic delivery, and other biomedical applications. Additionally, the metal−polyphenol networks, formed by the coordination interactions between polyphenols and metal ions, have been used to prepare an important class of polyphenol‐containing nanoparticles for surface modification, bioimaging, drug delivery, and disease treatments. By focusing on the interactions between polyphenols and different materials (e.g., metal ions, inorganic materials, polymers, proteins, and nucleic acids), a comprehensive review on the synthesis and properties of the polyphenol‐containing nanoparticles is provided. Moreover, the remarkable versatility of polyphenol‐containing nanoparticles in different biomedical applications, including biodetection, multimodal bioimaging, protein and gene delivery, bone repair, antibiosis, and cancer theranostics is also demonstrated. Finally, the challenges faced by future research regarding the polyphenol‐containing nanoparticles are discussed.
Toward Planar and Dendrite‐Free Zn Electrodepositions by Regulating Sn‐Crystal Textured Surface
Authors: Li Shiying , Fu Jing , Miao Guoxing , Wang Shengping , Zhao Wanyu , Wu Zichen , Zhang Yijie , Yang Xiaowei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe propensity of Zn‐metal anodes to form non‐uniform or dendritic electrodeposits is bound up with the nature of the electrode surface. However, the effect of surface structure on the inherent nucleation and deposition of Zn is not yet well understood. Here, the surface structure of a Zn‐metal anode is reconstructed with Sn‐crystal textures via a facile chemical displacement reaction. Compared to the bare Zn, the high‐affinity Zn binding sites of Sn afford lower deposition energy barrier, which promotes deposition kinetics. What is more, a Sn‐textured surface with moderate Zn affinity but high average surface energy ensures a better wettability from the deposits, leading to the lateral growth of Zn crystals. The resultant Sn‐textured Zn‐metal anode exhibits an extremely low voltage hysteresis of 20 mV and achieves a prolonged cycling stability over 500 h cycles without dendrite formation. This work provides new insights into the crystal‐texture‐dependent Zn electrodeposition process and offers direction for direct surface texturing to better stabilize Zn‐metal anodes with improved reversibility.
Cross‐Substitution Promoted Ultrawide Bandgap up to 4.5 eV in a 2D Semiconductor: Gallium Thiophosphate
Authors: Yan Yong , Yang Juehan , Du Juan , Zhang Xiaomei , Liu Yue‐Yang , Xia Congxin , Wei Zhongming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExploring 2D ultrawide bandgap semiconductors (UWBSs) will be conductive to the development of next‐generation nanodevices, such as deep‐ultraviolet photodetectors, single‐photon emitters, and high‐power flexible electronic devices. However, a gap still remains between the theoretical prediction of novel 2D UWBSs and the experimental realization of the corresponding materials. The cross‐substitution process is an effective way to construct novel semiconductors with the favorable parent characteristics (e.g., structure) and the better physicochemical properties (e.g., bandgap). Herein, a simple case is offered for rational design and syntheses of 2D UWBS GaPS4 by employing state‐of‐the‐art GeS2 as a similar structural model. Benefiting from the cosubstitution of Ge with lighter Ga and P, the GaPS4 crystals exhibit sharply enlarged optical bandgaps (few‐layer: 3.94 eV and monolayer: 4.50 eV) and superior detection performances with high responsivity (4.89 A W−1), high detectivity (1.98 × 1012 Jones), and high quantum efficiency (2.39 × 103%) in the solar‐blind ultraviolet region. Moreover, the GaPS4‐based photodetector exhibits polarization‐sensitive photoresponse with a linear dichroic ratio of 1.85 at 254 nm, benefitting from its in‐plane structural anisotropy. These results provide a pathway for the discovery and fabrication of 2D UWBS anisotropic materials, which become promising candidates for future solar‐blind ultraviolet and polarization‐sensitive sensors.
Supramolecular Nanofibrils Formed by Coassembly of Clinically Approved Drugs for Tumor Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Shukun , Zhang Wenjia , Xing Ruirui , Yuan Chengqian , Xue Huadan , Yan Xuehai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal malignancies, compromises the performance of traditional therapeutic regimens in the clinic because of stromal resistance to systemic drug delivery and poor prognosis caused by tumor metastasis. Therefore, a biocompatible therapeutic paradigm that can effectively inhibit pancreatic tumor growth while simultaneously eliminating tumor metastasis is urgently needed. Herein, supramolecular nanofibrils are fabricated through coassembly of clinically approved immunomodulatory thymopentin and near‐infrared indocyanine green for localized photothermal immunotherapy of pancreatic tumors. The resulting long‐range ordered fibrous nanodrugs show improved photophysical capabilities for fluorescence imaging and photothermal conversion and significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of antitumor immune cells. Hence, the integration of rapid photothermal therapy and moderate immunomodulation for inhibiting tumor growth and eliminating tumor metastasis is promising. The utilization of clinically approved molecules to construct nanodrugs administered via localized injection amplifies the complementary photothermal immunotherapeutic effects of the components, creating opportunities for clinical translation as a treatment for pancreatic cancer.
Semi‐Rational Engineering of Toluene Dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida F1 towards Oxyfunctionalization of Bicyclic Aromatics
Authors: Wissner Julian L. , Schelle Jona T. , Escobedo‐Hinojosa Wendy , Vogel Andreas , Hauer Bernhard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractToluene dioxygenase (TDO) from Pseudomonas putida F1 was engineered towards the oxyfunctionalization of bicyclic substrates. Single and double mutant libraries addressing 27 different positions, located at the active site and entrance channel were generated. In total, 176 different variants were tested employing the substrates naphthalene, 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline, and 2‐phenylpyridine. Introduced mutations in positions M220, A223 and F366, exhibited major influences in terms of product formation, chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselectivity. By semi‐rational evolution, we lighted up the TDO capability to convert bulkier substrates than its natural substrate, at unprecedented reported conversions. Thus, the most active TDO variants were applied to biocatalytic oxyfunctionalizations of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline, and 2‐phenylpyridine, enabling the production of substantial amounts of (+)‐(R)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐4‐ol (71% isolated yield, 94% ee) and (+)‐(1S,2R)‐3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)cyclohexa‐3,5‐diene‐1,2‐diol (60% isolated yield, 98% ee), respectively. Here, we provide a set of novel TDO‐based biocatalysts useful for the preparation of oxyfunctionalized bicyclic scaffolds, which are valuable to perform downstream synthetic processes.magnified image
Macro–Microstatic Stiffness Prediction Model of Metal Rubber
Authors: Zhang Chuanbing , Ao Hongrui , Jiang Hongyuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn accurate prediction to the macro–microstatic stiffness of metal rubber (MR) is necessary when introduced into the novel hybrid metal rubber‐bump foil bearings (HMR‐BFBs) as the supporting components. However, the deficiency in theoretical models describing the static stiffness limits MR's engineering applications. This study presents theoretical and experimental characterization for the mechanical properties of MR samples. The microstatic stiffness prediction models are proposed based on the radial and axial deformation mechanisms of helix wire units. The constitutive static stiffness model for predicting the macromechanical properties of MR samples is developed with consideration of the separation state, the sliding contact state, and the extrusion contact state between the metal wires based on the force interaction and the Coulomb friction. Moreover, an orthogonal experiment is designed, and subsequently the static stiffness tests of MR samples are carried out. Based on static stiffness tests, a semiempirical stiffness model with consideration of the material and process parameters, including the relative density of MR samples, the wire diameter, and the Young's modulus of metal wires is developed. Results show a good agreement between the theoretically predicted and experimental static stiffness of MR specimens with a correlation index R2 of 0.9692.