bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mafenide derivatives inhibit neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease by regulating pyroptosis
Authors: Han Chenyang , Hu Qiaohong , Yu Anqi , Jiao Qingcai , Yang Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe main mechanism of pyroptosis is Caspase‐1–mediated GSDMD cleavage, and GSDMD is also the executive protein of pyroptosis. Our previous study has shown that mafenide can inhibit pyroptosis by inhibiting the GSDMD‐Asp275 site to suppress cleavage. In this study, sulfonamide was used as the parent nucleus structure to synthesize sulfa‐4 and sulfa‐20. Screening of drug activity in the pyroptosis model of BV2 and iBMDM cell lines revealed the efficacy of five compounds were superior to mafenide, which exerted a better inhibitory effect on the occurrence of pyroptosis. For in vivo assay, Sulfa‐4 and Sulfa‐22 were intervened in the neuroinflammation APP/PS1 mice. As a result, the administration of Sulfa‐4 and Sulfa‐22 could significantly inhibit the activation of microglia, decrease the expression of inflammatory factors in the central nervous system and simultaneously suppress the production of p30‐GSDMD as well as the expression of upstream NLRP3 inflammasome and Caspase‐1 protein. Immunoprecipitation and Biotin‐labelled assay confirmed the targeted binding relationship of Sulfa‐4 and Sulfa‐22 with GSDMD protein in the iBMDM model in vitro. In this study, we investigated a new type inhibitor of GSDMD cleavage, which exerted a good inhibitory effect on pyroptosis and provided new references for the development of inflammatory drugs in the future.
Design, development, and drying kinetics of infrared‐assisted hot air dryer for turmeric slices
Authors: Jeevarathinam G. , Pandiselvam R. , Pandiarajan T. , Preetha P. , Krishnakumar T. , Balakrishnan M. , Thirupathi V. , Ganapathy S. , Amirtham D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn infrared‐assisted hot air dryer was designed and developed for turmeric slices. The dryer has been developed using an infrared heating source, heating coils, and blower. The total power required for the infrared drying and hot air drying was 2.25 kW and 36.35 kWh, respectively, with a blower capacity of 6.06 m3/min. An infrared drying (IRD), hot air drying (HAD), and infrared‐assisted hot air drying (IRHAD) were used to dry turmeric slices (5 mm thickness) at different drying temperatures 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C with constant air velocity 2 m/s and bed thickness 25 mm. The maximum drying efficiency of 25.22% and the minimum specific energy consumption of 1.24 kWh/kg were observed in the IRHAD method at 70°C and considered as the best drying method for drying turmeric slices. The drying rates values were double in IRHAD than IRD and HAD. Seven drying models, namely, Newton, Page, Modified page, Diffusion approximation, Two‐term exponential, Henderson–Pabis, and Logarithmic, were used to validate the experimental data obtained during drying. Based on the maximumR2value and lowest error values, the Page model was found to be the best fit for characterizing the drying kinetics of turmeric slices. At 60°C drying temperature, the logarithmic model and two‐term exponential model were found best fit for HAD and IRHAD, respectively.Practical ApplicationsRecently, turmeric gaining a lot of economic importance due to its antiviral properties and health benefits. Turmeric has many applications in the food industry, including natural coloring agents, flavor enhancers, and preservatives. Washing, boiling, drying, polishing, and size reduction are the unit operations involved during the processing of turmeric. The commercial value of turmeric can be decided based on the percentage of volatile compounds present. Many studies observed that the reduction in volatile compounds due to improper drying. The farmers following the sun drying techniques, which consume more time, non‐homogenous drying, and lesser drying rate. Hence, an efficient alternate drying technique should be identified to overcome the problems faced by the farmers and turmeric processing industries. In this context, the present study was undertaken to design an infrared‐assisted dryer for efficient, quick, and uniform heating of turmeric slices.
Effects of a new fermented soya bean meal on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile, intestinal immune status and digestive enzyme activities in piglets
Authors: Liu Xuzhou , Ju Ying , Huang Liling , Liu Mingzhi , Bo Jianing , Zhou Tongyu , Zhang Yufeng , Liu Chuang , Feng Mingming , Zhang Shuai , Yan Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFermented soya bean meal (FSBM) is believed to have improved nutritional qualities compared with soya bean meal (SBM) and is also cheaper than soya protein concentration (SPC) and fish meal (FM). Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of FSBM replacing SBM, SPC and FM in diets on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile, short‐chain fatty acid concentrations in digesta, intestinal mucosal enzyme activities, intestinal proinflammatory cytokine concentrations and morphology in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty 28‐day‐old piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, body weight: 6.73 ± 1.14 kg) were randomly allocated to four treatment diets (six replicate pens with five piglets per pen) containing SBM, SPC, FM or FSBM as the protein source, respectively.ResultsDietary FSBM supplementation improved average daily gain (p < 0.05), gain to feed ratio (p < 0.05), and digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and organic matter (p < 0.05) in pigs compared with those fed SBM during 0–14 days and reduced diarrhoea rate (p < 0.05) compared with those fed SBM and FM during 0–14 days. Moreover, pigs fed FBSM had greater IgA and IgM contents and antioxidase activities than those provided SBM and SPC on day 14. In addition, the butyrate concentration in the cecum of pigs fed FSBM was greater than those fed the other diets (p < 0.05), and the trypsin activity in duodenum and jejunum of pigs provided FSBM was greater than those fed SBM (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher villus height (p < 0.05) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05) and lower crypt depth (p < 0.05) in the duodenum of pigs fed FSBM were observed, and pigs fed FSBM had a lower (p < 0.05) TNF‐α concentration in jejunum compared with those fed SBM.ConclusionsIn conclusion, dietary FSBM supplementation to replace SBM, SPC and FM could improve piglets' growth performance, intestinal health and immune function.
Effects of the internal syringe shape on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative flow test
Authors: Nanto Tomoki , Nakao Yuta , Kodama Norihiko , Uchiyama Yuki , Fong Raymond , Domen Kazuhisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) proposed the flow test (FT) as a simple method for measuring the viscosity of thickened liquids. However, the FT specifies the use of a particular syringe type (BD‐Slip), which is unfortunately not easily available in Japan. Therefore, the current study primarily aimed to investigate the effects of the internal syringe shape on IDDSI FT and identify the most suitable syringe available in Japan for xanthan gum‐based thickened liquids. Accordingly, four syringes, namely, Luer slip tip, Luer‐Lok tip, TERUMO, and NIPRO syringes, were used to examine FT value with water and nine different water viscosity levels. The correlation and systematic errors on residual FT values between the BD‐Slip syringe and the other three syringes were analyzed. The two‐dimensional internal shapes of the four syringes were measured using industrial computed tomography (CT) scanning. Based on the results of our FT, TERUMO had the smallest error range among the three syringes, without systematic errors. On a CT scan, three of five tip‐shape parameters showed the smallest difference between BD‐Slip and TERUMO syringe. Therefore, TERUMO had the smallest FT error range compared with that in BD‐Slip tip syringe, indicating that TERUMO could be used as a substitute for BD‐Slip when performing IDDSI FT with xanthan gum‐based thickened water in Japan.
The Importance of Nutrition Education in Achieving Food Security and Adequate Nutrition of the Poor: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh*
Authors: Tauseef Salauddin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNutrition‐sensitive social protection that enhances household resources and nutrition knowledge can be an important avenue of addressing food security and nutrition concerns of the poor. This paper studies the impact of a cluster randomized intervention of cash or food transfers, with‐or‐without nutrition behavioural change communication (BCC), on food security and nutrition outcomes in rural Bangladesh. We find that the addition of the BCC to transfers led to the greatest impact on the quantity and quality of food consumed by household members, especially women and children. The addition of BCC also had the greatest impact in reducing the incidence and intensity of deprivations measured using a nutrition‐sensitive multidimensional poverty index. Evidence suggests this occurs through the BCC inducing increased consumption of flesh food, egg, dairy, fruits and vegetables and through investments in housing, sanitation and assets.
Identifying multiple knee pain trajectories and the prediction of opioid and NSAID medication used: A latent class growth approach
Authors: Haybatollahi Sayyed M. , James Richard J. E. , Fernandes Gwen , Valdes Ana , Doherty Michael , Zhang Weiya , Walsh David A. , Ferguson Eamonn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundKnee pain is a major source of distress and disability, with pain progression highly variable between individuals. Previous studies defining pain trajectories have all used a single measure of pain, and these differ across studies. Different measures reflect diverse pain mechanisms. To ascertain the clinical utility of pain trajectories, we explored associations between opioid and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.MethodsWe model pain trajectories using two measures—Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP) and the painDETECT, in 2141 participants, across 3 waves (the baseline, 1‐ and 3‐year assessments) of the Knee Pain In the Community (KPIC) cohort.ResultsLatent class growth analysis identified six trajectories using ICOAP subscales (High‐Stable, Low‐Stable, Moderate Worsening, Moderate Recovering, Worsening, and Recovering) and four trajectories using painDETECT (High‐stable, Low‐stable, Moderate Worsening, and Moderate Recovering). There was a high degree of correspondence between people assigned to pain trajectories between ICOAP intermittent and constant subscales, but less so using painDETECT. Opioid use was associated with ICOAP trajectories only (e.g., High‐Stable and Worsening intermittent ICOAP trajectories) and in women.ConclusionDifferent measures of pain produce different patterns of pain progression and these are differentially related to medication use. Opioid use is linked to trajectories of pain based on the impact of pain on behavior and not pain symptoms. Thus, managing pain's behavioral impact is more central to understanding opioid use than managing pain symptoms. These findings support more in‐depth questioning about the type of pain and its progression in clinical practice.
Good intentions in complex realities: Challenges for designing responsibly in digital agriculture in low‐income countries
Authors: McCampbell Mariette , Schumann Charlotte , Klerkx Laurens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman‐centred design (HCD) approaches are adopted to develop digital agriculture interventions inclusively and responsibly. Whether these approaches indeed lead to responsible designs remains unclear, especially for low‐income countries. Using a Rwandan case‐study, we contribute to debates on inclusive, participatory and responsible design by developing a framework for operationalising HCD and responsible innovation in practice and studying the process of designing a digital agriculture intervention for banana disease management. The four dimensions (inclusion, anticipation, reflexivity, responsiveness) of responsible innovation and our own framework of digital rights served as analytical lenses. Findings show that power relations and digital capacity negatively affect user inclusivity in design. The context in which HCD is deployed hinders anticipation, reflexivity and responsiveness, resulting in design decisions that do not fully respect digital rights and thus in potentially irresponsible digital technologies. Broader, long‐term consequences of digital technologies should be a central consideration in design processes, while responsible innovation theory needs to become cognizant of the complex realities in which digital innovations emerge.
Experimental investigation on the concrete fracture process zone using electronic speckle pattern interferometry
Authors: Huang Xingzhen , Chen Hongniao , Sun Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to advance the understanding of fracture failure mechanisms in concrete, a series of three‐point bend tests of pre‐notched specimens were conducted to study the characteristics of the fracture process zone. Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) was used to determine the location and size of the cracks. The experimental results have shown that crack in the pre‐notched concrete beams will initiate when the load increases to 40% of the peak load (Pmax) and expands unstably after reaching the peak load. When the load drops to about 25% Pmax in the load drop section, a complete fracture process zone (FPZ) was developed, and the corresponding crack tip opening displacement is about 7.1 times to the critical crack tip opening displacement. The analysis of surface strain of concrete specimen showed that microcracks will initiate when the surface tensile strain of concrete reaches about 2 × 10−4; when the surface tensile strain value of concrete reaches 4 × 10−2, the FPZ will move forward; the length of the FPZ of concrete essentially remains the same in the entire fracture process, which is about 71% of the ligament height. The analysis of experimental data also shows that the size of the FPZ is not significantly affected by the cubic compressive strength of concrete. In addition, the tension‐softening curves of the specimens were finally determined by using the incremental displacement collocation method, and it is concluded that the critical width of the FPZ is related to the cubic compressive strength of the concrete.
Trends in hepatitis E virus infection: Analyses of the long‐term screening of blood donors in Hokkaido, Japan, 2005–2019
Authors: Sakata Hidekatsu , Matsubayashi Keiji , Iida Juri , Nakauchi Kenta , Kishimoto Shinichi , Sato Shinichiro , Ikuta Katsuya , Satake Masahiro , Kino Shuichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter experiencing several cases of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis E (TT‐HE) in Hokkaido, Northern Japan, hepatitis E virus (HEV) screening in blood donors, using a nucleic acid amplification test (NAT), was introduced in 2005.Study Design and MethodsThe frequency of HEV RNA‐positive donations (2005–2019) was investigated, and the HEV RNA‐positive specimens were phylogenetically analyzed. In August 2014, the 20‐pooled NAT (20P‐NAT) was replaced with an individual‐NAT (ID‐NAT) system.ResultsUntil 2019, the frequency of HEV RNA‐positive donors was 0.011% (289/2,638,685) with 20P‐NAT and 0.043% (597/1,379,750) with ID‐NAT, and no TT‐HE cases were observed in Hokkaido. The prevalence among male, but not female donors, increased significantly between 2015 and 2019. Eighty‐nine percent of HEV isolates from donors were genotype 3 and the remainder were genotype 4, and many clusters existed in each genotype. ALT levels at the time of donation were significantly higher in donors with genotype 4. Four subgenotypes, namely 3a (37%), 3b (41%), 3e (6%), and 4c (10%), comprised 94% of the total. During this period, the most identified subgenotype, 3a, transitioned to 3b. Majority of the HEV strains within the same clusters were detected in the same geographical region around the same period. Many of the human HEV isolates were shown to coexist closely with animal HEV isolates phylogenetically.ConclusionIn Hokkaido, multiple divergent HEV strains have been circulating, and small outbreaks of hepatitis E have occurred in the last 15 years. The results suggested that HEV NAT can contribute significantly in ensuring safety during blood transfusions.
Effect of Phase Change Material on Dynamic Thermal Management Performance for Power Electronics Packages
Authors: Hollis Justin , Sharar Darin J. , Bandhauer Todd 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-temperature silicon carbide (SiC) die are the most critical and expensive component in electric vehicle (EV) power electronics (PE) packages and require both active and passive methods to dissipate heat during transient operation. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) to control the peak junction temperature of the SiC die and to buffer the temperature fluctuations in the package during simulated operation is modeled here. The latent heat storage potential of multiple PCM and PCM composites is explored in both single-sided and dual-sided package configurations. The results of this study show that the addition of PCM into two different styles of PE packages is an effective method for controlling the transient junction temperatures experienced during two different drive cycles. The addition of PCM in a single-sided package also serves to decrease temperature fluctuations experienced and may be used to reduce the necessary number of SiC die required for EVs, lowering the overall material cost and volume of the package by over 50%. PCM in a single-sided package may be nearly as effective as the double-sided cooling approach of a dual-sided package in the reduction of both peak junction temperature of SiC as well as controlling temperature variations between package layers.
Efficient Three-Dimensional Model to Predict Time History of Structural Dynamics in Cold Rolling Mills
Authors: Patel Akash , Malik Arif , Mathews Ritin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduced is a new physics-based three-dimensional (3D) mathematical model capable of efficiently predicting time histories of the nonlinear structural dynamics in cold rolling mills used to manufacture metal strips and sheets. The described model allows for the prediction of transient strip thickness profiles, contact force distributions, and roll-stack deformations due to dynamic disturbances. Formulation of the new 3D model is achieved through a combination of the highly efficient simplified-mixed finite element method with a Newmark-beta direct time integration approach to solve the system of differential equations that governs the motion of the roll-stack. In contrast to prior approaches to predict structural dynamics in cold rolling, the presented method abandons several simplifying assumptions and restrictions, including 1D or 2D linear lumped parameter analyses, vertical symmetry, continuous and constant contact between the rolls and strip, as well as the inability to model cluster-type mill configurations and accommodate typical profile/flatness control mechanisms used in industry. Following spatial and temporal convergence studies of the undamped step response, and validation of the damped step response, the new model is demonstrated for a 4-high mill equipped with both work-roll bending and work-roll crown, a 6-high mill with continuously variable crown (CVC) intermediate rolls, and finally a complex 20-high cluster mill. Solution times on a single computing processor for the damped 4-high and 20-high case studies are just 0.37 s and 3.38 s per time-step, respectively.
The Effect of Carbon Fiber Types on Tool Wear During Edge Trimming of 0 deg, 45 deg, 90 deg, and 135 deg Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Laminates
Authors: Khawarizmi Ryan , Bin Abdullah Mohammad Sayem , Han Yinyin , Kim Dave , Kwon Patrick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) composites are difficult-to-machine materials due to extensive tool wear. This article investigates the impact of carbon fiber types on tool wear in edge-trimming CFRPs, each with the ply angle of 0 deg, 45 deg, 90 deg, or 135 deg, using uncoated tungsten carbide endmills at the high spindle speed of 6000 rpm and the constant feed of 0.0508 mm/rev. Three distinct types of carbon fiber tows, including T300 as standard modulus (SM), IM-7 as intermediate modulus (IM), and K13312 as high modulus (HM), have been vacuum infused into CFRP laminates and edge trimmed to investigate wear characteristics. Three wear criteria measured are flank wear, edge rounding radii, and worn area. The results show that tool wear is influenced by carbon fiber properties, such as fiber tensile strength, tensile modulus, and fiber microstructure. Overall, IM carbon fibers with the highest tensile strength produced the most extensive tool wear due to the abrasive carbon fibers. Of four fiber directions, the largest tool wear was obtained from the 45 deg angle, while the lowest tool wear occurred in the 0 deg angle.
Dimensionality Reduction of High-Fidelity Machine Tool Models by Using Global Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Ellinger Johannes , Semm Thomas , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Models that are able to accurately predict the dynamic behavior of machine tools are crucial for a variety of applications ranging from machine tool design to process simulations. However, with increasing accuracy, the models tend to become increasingly complex, which can cause problems identifying the unknown parameters which the models are based on. In this paper, a method is presented that shows how parameter identification can be eased by systematically reducing the dimensionality of a given dynamic machine tool model. The approach presented is based on ranking the model’s input parameters by means of a global sensitivity analysis (GSA). It is shown that the number of parameters, which need to be identified, can be drastically reduced with only limited impact on the model’s fidelity. This is validated by means of model evaluation criteria and frequency response functions which show a mean conformity of 98.9% with the full-scale reference model. The paper is concluded by a short demonstration on how to use the results from the GSA for parameter identification.