bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building capacity through open approaches: Lessons from developing undergraduate electrophysiology practicals
Authors: McKiernan Erin C. , Medina Gómez Lucía 
Published: March 2021

Background: Electrophysiology has a wide range of biomedical research and clinical applications. As such, education in the theoretical basis and hands-on practice of electrophysiological techniques is essential for biomedical students, including at the undergraduate level. However, offering hands-on learning experiences is particularly difficult in environments with limited resources and infrastructure. Methods: In 2017, we began a project to design and incorporate electrophysiology laboratory practicals into our Biomedical Physics undergraduate curriculum at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. We describe some of the challenges we faced, how we maximized resources to overcome some of these challenges, and in particular, how we used open scholarship approaches to build both educational and research capacity. Results: We succeeded in developing a number of experimental and data analysis practicals in electrophysiology, including electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electrooculogram techniques. The use of open tools, open platforms, and open licenses was key to the success and broader impact of our project. We share examples of our practicals and explain how we use these activities to strengthen interdisciplinary learning, namely the application of concepts in physics to understanding functions of the human body. Conclusions: Open scholarship provides multiple opportunities for universities to build capacity. Our goal is to provide ideas, materials, and strategies for educators working in similar resource-limited environments.
Limitations to current methods to estimate cause of death: a validation study of a verbal autopsy model
Authors: Menéndez Clara , Quintó Llorenç , Castillo Paola , Carrilho Carla , Ismail Mamudo R. , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Fernandes Fabiola , Hurtado Juan Carlos , Rakislova Natalia , Munguambe Khátia , Maixenchs Maria , Macete Eusebio , Mandomando Inacio , Martínez Miguel J , Bassat Quique , Alonso Pedro L , Ordi Jaume 
Published: March 2021

Background: Accurate information on causes of death (CoD) is essential to estimate burden of disease, track global progress, prioritize cost-effective interventions, and inform policies to reduce mortality. In low-income settings, where a significant proportion of deaths take place at home or in poorly-resourced peripheral health facilities, data on CoD often relies on verbal autopsies (VAs). Validations of VAs have been performed against clinical diagnosis, but never before against an acceptable gold standard: the complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA). Methods: We have validated a computer-coded verbal autopsy method –the InterVA- using individual and population metrics to determine CoD against the CDA, in 316 deceased patients of different age groups who died in a tertiary-level hospital in Maputo, Mozambique between 2013 and 2015. Results: We found a low agreement of the model across all age groups at the individual (kappa statistic ranging from -0.030 to 0.232, lowest in stillbirths and highest in adults) and population levels (chance-corrected cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy ranging from -1.00 to 0.62, lowest in stillbirths, highest in children). The sensitivity in identifying infectious diseases was low (0% for tuberculosis, diarrhea, and disseminated infections, 32% for HIV-related infections, 33% for malaria and 36% for pneumonia). Of maternal deaths, 26 were assigned to eclampsia but only four patients actually died of eclampsia. Conclusions: These findings do not lead to building confidence in current estimates of CoD. They also call to the need to implement autopsy methods where they may be feasible, and to improve the quality and performance of current VA techniques.
Suspected cauda equina syndrome: no reduction in investigation, referral and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Woodfield J , Brennan PM , Statham PFX , Stone J , Hoeritzauer I 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Compression of the cauda equina can lead to bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction with lower limb pain, numbness and weakness. Urgent surgical decompression aims to prevent progressive neurological deficit. Symptoms of cauda equina syndrome (CES), such as back pain, sciatica and bladder dysfunction are common in the population, but the majority of those investigated do not have radiological cauda equina compression. However, a missed diagnosis can have significant medical, social and legal consequences. We investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on presentation and management of suspected CES. Methods This retrospective cohort study analysed referral, investigation and treatment of CES in a regional neurosurgical centre during the initial COVID-19 surge between March and May 2020 compared with March to May 2019. Results Referrals for suspected CES were similar during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 275) compared with 2019 (n = 261, p = 0.596) despite a significant (19%) decrease in total emergency neurosurgical referrals (1248 in 2020 vs 1544 in 2019, p < 0.001). Nineteen (7%) of the suspected CES referrals underwent decompression in 2020, similar to 16 (6%) in 2019 (p = 0.867). There were no differences in outcomes or complications and no evidence of delays in presentation or treatment. Conclusions Unlike other emergency neurosurgical conditions, the number of referrals for suspected CES and the percentage of referrals with radiological cauda equina compression were unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The persistence of CES referrals when many people stayed away from hospital highlights the distress and worry caused by suspected CES and its symptoms to both patients and healthcare providers.
Pandemic Aftershock: Revisiting Consumers’ Risk Perception Attitude and Perceived Safety towards an Audience-Centered Marketing Paradigm
Authors: AL-Sahouly Ibrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this empirical research is to empirically investigate the effect of Covid-19 crisis on Egyptians’ risk perception attitude, perceived safety and local travel intentions inside Egypt for the aim of reaching significant marketing insights and recommendation to benefit the tourism sector during Covid-19 pandemic. Those marketing insights can help prepare citizens to deal with the crisis challenges for the objective of normalizing everyday practice, maintain productivity and help protect the stability of the community.
Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts the variables of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), which provides a useful framework to understand how individuals respond to crisis/risk. This research empirically investigates the current insights, concerns and needs of 300 samples from the Egyptian community for the aim of reaching a practical method of normalization; thus, bridging what the researcher would like to call “the blind spot” or gaps of actions between decision makers and citizens. This research applies quantitative research method. Data were collected online. It is significant to pinpoint that this empirical investigation adopts the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), which provides a useful framework to understand how individuals respond to crisis/risk communication messages for the purpose of investigating the research hypotheses; thus, this empirical study does not aim to extend nor to present a conceptual framework for the adopted Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) within the Egyptian milieu.
Findings
The research findings suggest new marketing implementations for overcoming the challenges facing the local tourism sector in Egypt due to Covid-19 pandemic crisis, and further recommends an audience-centered paradigm in marketing and communicating promotional messages.
Originality/value
To date, limited empirical research has investigated Egyptian tourists’ insights for sustaining the internal tourism sector in Egypt during normal and crisis times. This research is considered valuable to decision makers, marketers and academics alike as it provides up- to- date marketing insights and empirical results for the aim of normalizing the internal tourism practices in Egypt after the pandemic shock and even during the consecutive waves of Covid-19.
The Fisher Separation Theorem And Capital Budgeting Decisions Of Quoted Firms In Nigeria
Authors: Olulu-Briggs Omiete Victoria 
Published: March 2021

This study explored the Fisher separation theorem and capital budgeting decisions of quoted firms on the Nigerian stock exchange. A sample of 60 questionnaires were filled and returned by staffs from particular sectors like manufacturing, health and agriculture. Descriptive statistics was employed to illustrate the data while the Spearman rank order correlation test was used to determine if a significant relationship exist among the variables. From the estimates, the Net Present Value and Modified Internal Rate of Return are regularly employed by firms in making capital budgeting decisions. Also, when firms employ capital budgeting tools, it creates wealth for both managers and shareholders, providing support for the Fisher’s separation theorem. Finally, a correlation coefficient of 0.827 reflect a positive and linear relationship between capital budgeting decision and Shareholders’ value creation. Thus, an increase in capital budgeting decisions result to an increase in value creation. This outcome is consistent with findings from other economies and previous studies. It thus recommends that firms in the Nigerian environment should ensure they play down on shareholders’ desire for dividends and instead redirect their funds to more investments by employing suitable capital budgeting decisions.
Promoting Companies and Host Community Relationship through Literacy Education for Sustainable Community Development in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Authors: UGWU Angela Nkechi , OMEJE Mercy Ebere 
Published: March 2021

There is need for a good rapport or relationship between companies and their host communities for a peaceful co-existence and maximum achievement of the company’s desired goals and development of the communities. This paper examined literacy education as a tool for equipping community members with skills, attitude and information for a peaceful co-existence between them and companies in their communities for sustainable community development. The writers established that there are conflicts that arise between companies and host communities due to reasons like ignorance, lack of information or misinformation that literacy programs can deal with. It was suggested among others that states should resuscitate mass literacy programmes in communities and there should be integration of literacy training programs into the community development plans by companies in their host communities as part of the cooperate social responsibilities
A Papyrus of Hermogenes’ On Issues in the Bodleian Library
Authors: Benaissa Amin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Publication of the first known papyrus of Hermogenes’ On Issues (Περὶ ϲτάϲεων), a leaf from a papyrus codex of the fourth century. Besides orthographic variants, the papyrus presents two new readings.
Effect of Graphene, SiO2 and Zeolite Powder on the Mechanical and Scratch Properties of PP
Authors: Du X.-L. , Jin J.-B. , Long X.-B. , Xiong Y.-M. , Song J.-L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Scratch resistant surface of polypropylene (PP) is of critical importance for automobile, household appliances and other industries. In this paper, the mechanical and scratch properties of PP were studied by incorporation of three types of inorganic particles, including graphene (GP), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and zeolite powder (ZP), respectively. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene was used as compatibilizer. The effects of inorganic particle content on crystallization, mechanical properties and scratch resistance of PP composites were studied. Results showed that adding inorganic fillers led to enhanced crystallinity of PP, thus improving the scratch resistance of PP materials. Compared with PP/SiO2 and PP/ ZP, PP/GP exhibited the best scratch resistance and low sensitivity to scratch deformation at 2 wt% filler. We believe that the scratch resistance of PP was determined by material characteristics and crystallinity. This will be a reference for the research on the scratch resistance of other polymer materials.
The Effect of Top Surface Lubrication on the Friction Stir Welding of Polycarbonate Sheets
Authors: Ahmed M. M. Z. , Elnaml A. , Shazly M. , El-Sayed Seleman M. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, top surface lubrication during friction stir welding of polycarbonate sheets was applied. A homogenous layer of Paraffin wax has been placed on the top surface of the joint area with a width that ensures to cover the shoulder diameter. Then FSW was applied using conventional FSW tool with rotating pin and shoulder at different FSW parameters (Rotation speeds of 1 000, 1500, 2 000 min–1 and welding speeds of 25, 50, 75,100 mm/min). The main objective of using the wax is to act as a lubricant that reduces the friction between the shoulder and the polycarbonate surface. The joints produced were investigated in terms of surface quality, internal defects, and mechanical properties. During FSW the wax is melted and played as lubricant between the tool shoulder and the polycarbonate surface and resulted in defect-free surface with no thickness reduction of the original plate. The transverse cross-section showed defect-free joints for the majority of the FSW parameters investigated. Tensile testing results showed a reduction of the tensile strength after FSW, and an enhancement in the tensile strength with the increase of welding speed or rotation speed. The fracture occurs at the joint zone and the fracture surface investigation using SEM showed the existence of spherulitic structure in the weld joint.
Sarti's Fra i due litiganti and Opera in Vienna
Authors: Platoff John 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Giuseppe Sarti's opera Fra i due litiganti, premiered in Milan in 1782, was the first great success of the reconstituted Italian opera company in Vienna in 1783. The opera sustained its enormous Viennese popularity for years, while also being performed in over one hundred other European cities by 1800. Mozart's quotation of the work in Don Giovanni testifies to its continuing appeal. But the version of the opera that was so successful in many parts of Europe differed substantially from the Milanese original. The surviving manuscript scores and printed librettos reveal that a standardized Viennese version of Fra i due litiganti, in which more than a third of the original arias were replaced, became the basis for productions across much of Europe. This unexpected standardization may reflect the prestige of Vienna and its role as a distribution point for opera scores, especially since many of the manuscripts were produced by Wenzel Sukowaty, the copyist for the Viennese court theaters. The Viennese changes surprisingly include arias for Nancy Storace and Francesco Benucci—later Mozart's Susanna and Figaro—who had themselves created the same roles in Milan. (Normally arias would be substituted to suit the preferences of new singers.) These alterations not only changed the profiles of the characters, but allowed Storace and Benucci to define themselves for the Viennese public, establishing the musical and dramatic personae that quickly made them the beloved favorites of Viennese audiences.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Pengantar Hukum Bisnis Dengan Pendekatan Dialog Kreatif Partisipatori
Authors: Wiyanto Wiyanto 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is; (1) to determine the process of developing and producing teaching materials for introducing business law with a participatory creative dialogue approach; (2) to determine the feasibility of introductory business law teaching materials using a participatory creative dialogue approach. The research and development (R D) method was used in this research with stages, namely (1) initial investigation and design, (2) realization, (3) testing, and (4) descriptive-qualitative analysis to determine the feasibility of the resulting teaching materials. both in material, content / substance, language, appearance, user friendly for lecturers and students. The results of the assessment of the feasibility of teaching materials developed were assessed by students,Â lecturers and experts with indicators of accuracy of content assessment, accuracy of content coverage, digestibility, language use, compulsion, illustrations, completeness of the components showing an average score of 3.68 or very good category. Thus the teaching materials developed are very good for use in introductory business law courses or can be used as a relevant reference source in introductory business law courses.
Las European Rules of Civil Procedure: ¿un punto de partida para la armonización del proceso civil?
Authors: Gascón Inchausti Fernando 
Published: March 2021

En otoño de 2020 el European Law Institute y UNIDROIT aprobaron las European Rules of Civil Procedure, un conjunto sistemático de normas a través de las que se diseña un modelo de proceso civil con potencial para resultar operativo en cualquier país europeo. Se trata, obviamente, de un instrumento de soft law, que se basa en un extenso y prolongado trabajo de comparación jurídica, que ha permitido detectar las mejores soluciones a las necesidades que suscita hoy en día un sistema de justicia civil eficiente. Se analizan qué son y qué no son las European Rules, al tiempo que se desgranan los rasgos esenciales del modelo procesal civil diseñado, caracterizado por la flexibilidad, la gestión activa del procedimiento y el esfuerzo sostenido por la solución consensual del litigio. Es difícil vaticinar cuál será su impacto futuro, aunque sin duda las European Rules of Civil Procedure están llamadas a desempeñar un papel relevante en cualquier tarea de armonización procesal civil que se emprenda en el futuro, en la medida en que han demostrado que técnicamente resulta posible y que, por tanto, las variables de las que depende son primordialmente políticas.
FTIR STUDIES OF THE TEOS/TEVS XEROGEL STRUCTURE USING RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING METHOD
Authors: Mawaddah Yanti , Wati Linda Suci , Rampun Erdina Lulu Atika , Sumardi Anna , Lestari Aptar Eka , Assyaifi Zaini Lambri , Elma Muthia 
Published: March 2021

The tetraethyl orthocycate (TEOS) is mainly used as a silica precursor. Silanol content of silica material is the main cause of low hydrostability which led to resulting in poor performance, especially in water treatment. The stronger bond strength formed by incorporating a carbon structure from triethoxy vinyl silane (TEVS). The xerogel fabrication resulted in the composition of TEOS: TEVS: EtOH: HNO3: H2O: NH3 to be 0.9: 0.1: 38: 0.00078: 5: 0.0003. . The purpose is to study the structure of organosilica xerogel calcined at 350oC, 450oC and 600oC in the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) using rapid thermal processing. The deconvolution of FTIR spectra calculated using the Fityk software. The result of the best xerogel peak shows at calcination of 450°C with peak area siloxane of 15.39, silanol of 3.32 and silica carbon of 3.85.
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy in the Ulna of an Infant: A Very Rare Tumor
Authors: Kovoor Cherry Cheriyan , Jayakumar R. , Manjunath Samarth 
Published: March 2021

Case:
A 4-month-old boy presented with a nontender swelling of the right proximal forearm of 2 months' duration. Radiological evaluation showed lytic lesion surrounded by sclerotic bone in the ulna with soft-tissue extension. Histopathological examination showed tumor of round and epithelioid cells containing melanin, interpreted as melanotic neuroectodermal tumor. The patient underwent a wide excision of the shaft of the ulna with creation of radioulnar synostosis. There is no recurrence 6 years after surgery.

Conclusion:
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor is rare in the appendicular skeleton and has to be differentiated from other round cell tumors and osteomyelitis. As far as we know, this is the first reported case in the ulna.
Detection of bacteriophages and cyanophages for water quality control of a water supply system in Amazônia
Authors: Gois Bruna Verônica Azevedo , Pinheiro Kenny da Costa , Nogueira Wylerson Guimarães , Aragão Andressa de Oliveira , Queiroz Ana Lídia Cavalcante , Silva Artur , Folador Adriana Carneiro , Ramos Rommel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the importance of understanding the ecology of freshwater viruses, there are not many studies on the issue when compared to marine viruses. The microbiological interactions that occur in these environments are still poorly known, especially between bacteriophages and their host bacteria, as well as between cyanophages and cyanobacteria. Lake Bologna, from Belém, capital of the Brazilian State of Pará, is a source of water that supplies the city and its metropolitan region, yet it remains unexplored regarding the contents of its virome and viral diversity composition. Therefore, this work's main aim is to clarify in terms of taxonomic diversity the species of DNA viruses that are present in this lake, especially bacteriophages and cyanophages, since they can act both as transducers of resistance genes and reporters of water quality for human consumption. Results: For this work, we used the metagenomic sequencing data generated by Alves et al. (2020), and we analyzed it at the taxonomic level using the tools Kraken2, Bracken, and Pavian; later, the data was assembled using Genome Detective, which performs assembly of viruses. The results observed in this work suggest the existence of a widely diverse viral community and an established microbial phage regulated dynamics in the Lake Bolonha. Conclusions: This work is the first-ever to describe the virome of Lake Bolonha using a metagenomic approach based on high-throughput sequencing, as it contributes to the understanding of water-related public health concerns regarding the spreading of antibiotic resistance genes and population control of native bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Open porous morphology evolution in poly (butylene succinate)/chitin nanocrystal nanocomposite foams
Authors: Fu Hai , Yin Dexian , Wang Tianhao , Gong Wei , Zhou Hongfu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, biodegradable polymeric open-porous foams have been engaging increasing interests owing to their biodegradability, porosity and biocompatibility. In this work, biodegradable poly (butylene succinate) (PBS)/chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) nanocomposite foams with open porous structure were successful fabricated by a solid-state batch foaming method. ChNCs were obtained from chitin by using sulfuric acid treatment and then introduced into PBS. The incorporation of ChNCs had a positive effect on the crystallization behaviors, melt viscoelasticity and thermal stability of diverse PBS specimens. Compared with the change of foaming temperature, the addition of ChNCs would cause a prominent influence on the open porous structure of diverse PBS foams. The probable explanation was that during the foaming process, the spherulites and/or ChNCs as the hard region in PBS could be served as pore wall and the amorphous area as the soft region was acted as pore, leading to open porous PBS foams. The reported strategy in this work could provide the guidelines to regulate and control open porous foams in other semi-crystalline polymer matrices.