bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the use of dexmedetomidine as a local anesthetic adjuvant to bupivacaine 0.125% in epidural labor analgesia: randomized controlled study
Authors: Afandy Mohamed Elsayed , Abusabaa Motaz M. A. , Lotfy Hashem Adel , Mansour Radwa Fathy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple methods exist for the management of pain during normal labor. Epidural analgesia has been reported to be an effective method in that perspective. The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in epidural analgesia for pregnant females presented for normal delivery. Sixty pregnant females were included in this prospective randomized study, and they were divided into two equal groups: control group which received bupivacaine alone and dexmedetomidine group that received bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine. The primary outcome was the onset of analgesia, while the secondary outcomes included the duration of analgesia, hemodynamic changes, labor progress, neonatal outcomes, and maternal complications.

Results
Dexmedetomidine group was associated with earlier onset of analgesia (P ˂ 0.001), prolonged duration (P ˂ 0.001), and lower need for top-up doses (P ˂ 0.001) compared to control group. Also, sedation and maternal satisfaction were significantly better in the same group (P = 0.001, 0.025; respectively). Labor progress parameters and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups. Dexmedetomidine group has lower heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure compared to the control group. Despite of dexmedetomidine group had higher incidence of hypotension and bradycardia, it was statistically insignificant when compared to control group.

Conclusions
Dexmedetomidine is a reliable and an effective adjuvant to the local anesthetics in epidural analgesia during normal delivery as it resulted in earlier onset and significant prolongation of the analgesic time with decrease in the top-up doses intake.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201710002664704). Register on 3 October 2017.
Haemato-biochemical and ionic regulatory responses of the hybrid catfish, Heteroclarias, to sublethal concentrations of palm oil mill effluents
Authors: Owolabi Olufemi D. , Abdulkareem Saratu I. , Ajibare Adefemi O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Pollution arising from the noxiousness of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has become a serious threat to aquatic biotas. However, a paucity of information exists on fish response to POME-mediated oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, haemato-biochemical, enzymatic and ionic changes. This study, therefore, evaluates the effects of 28-day exposure of Heteroclarias, a hybrid catfish, to POME. Juvenile Heteroclarias (n = 350, average weight: 11.90 ± 0.70 g and average length: 9.04 ± 0.71 cm) were exposed to sublethal concentrations (0-control, 4.00, 8.00 and 12.00 mg/l) of POME to determine its effects on red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume (MCV). The activities of alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), calcium (Ca+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+) and sodium (Na+) ions were also assayed in the gill and liver.

Results
Exposure to POME caused significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease in RBC, HB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC values, whereas a significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increase in WBC was observed in POME-exposed fish compared to the control. ALT, AST, LDH, GPx, SOD and CAT activities in the gill and liver significantly (p < 0.05) increased in a concentration-dependent manner. MDA level significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the gill relative to control, while in the liver it was insignificantly different. Both tissues exhibited an increase in Ca+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+ levels at the highest toxicant concentration with a rise of 77.93, 38.46, 109.54 and 41.99% recorded for the electrolytes in the gill and 79.17, 26.92, 55.48 and 38.78% in the liver above the control value, respectively. The levels of all the electrolytes except K+ were higher in the gill than the liver and were in the order: Na+ > K+ > Mg+ > Ca2+ in both tissues.

Conclusions
These results may be used as a suitable tool for pollution assessment and policy formulation to mitigate the discharge of untreated POME into aquatic ecosystems and their impacts on resident organisms.
You are more than what you eat: potentially adaptive enrichment of microbiome functions across bat dietary niches
Authors: Ingala Melissa R. , Simmons Nancy B. , Dunbar Miranda , Wultsch Claudia , Krampis Konstantinos , Perkins Susan L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnimals evolved in a microbial world, and their gut microbial symbionts have played a role in their ecological diversification. While many recent studies report patterns of phylosymbiosis between hosts and their gut bacteria, fewer studies examine the potentially adaptive functional contributions of these microbes to the dietary habits of their hosts. In this study, we examined predicted metabolic pathways in the gut bacteria of more than 500 individual bats belonging to 60 species and compare the enrichment of these functions across hosts with distinct dietary ecologies.ResultsWe found that predicted microbiome functions were differentially enriched across hosts with different diets. Using a machine-learning approach, we also found that inferred microbiome functions could be used to predict specialized host diets with reasonable accuracy. We detected a relationship between both host phylogeny and diet with respect to microbiome functional repertoires. Because many predicted functions could potentially fill nutritional gaps for bats with specialized diets, we considered pathways discriminating dietary niches as traits of the host and fit them to comparative phylogenetic models of evolution. Our results suggest that some, but not all, predicted microbiome functions may evolve toward adaptive optima and thus be visible to the forces of natural selection operating on hosts over evolutionary time.ConclusionsOur results suggest that bats with specialized diets may partially rely on their gut microbes to fulfill or augment critical nutritional pathways, including essential amino acid synthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and the generation of cofactors and vitamins essential for proper nutrition. Our work adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that animal microbiomes are structured by a combination of ecological and evolutionary processes and sets the stage for future metagenomic and metabolic characterization of the bat microbiome to explore links between bacterial metabolism and host nutrition.
Suicide and other causes of death among working-age and older adults in the year after discharge from in-patient mental healthcare in England: matched cohort study
Authors: Musgrove Rebecca , Carr Matthew J. , Kapur Nav , Chew-Graham Carolyn A. , Mughal Faraz , Ashcroft Darren M. , Webb Roger T. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundEvidence for risk of dying by suicide and other causes following discharge from in-patient psychiatric care throughout adulthood is sparse.AimsTo estimate risks of all-cause mortality, natural and external-cause deaths, suicide and accidental, alcohol-specific and drug-related deaths in working-age and older adults within a year post-discharge.MethodUsing interlinked general practice, hospital, and mortality records in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink we delineated a cohort of discharged adults in England, 2001–2018. Each patient was matched to up to 20 general population comparator patients. Cumulative incidence (absolute risks) and hazard ratios (relative risks) were estimated separately for ages 18–64 and ≥65 years with additional stratification by gender and practice-level deprivation.ResultsThe 1-year cumulative incidence of dying post-discharge was 2.1% among working-age adults (95% CI 2.0–2.3) and 14.1% (95% CI 13.6–14.5) among older adults. Suicide risk was particularly elevated in the first 3 months, with hazard ratios of 191.1 (95% CI 125.0–292.0) among working-age adults and 125.4 (95% CI 52.6–298.9) in older adults. Older patients were vulnerable to dying by natural causes within 3 months post-discharge. Risk of dying by external causes was greater among discharged working-age adults in the least deprived areas. Relative risk of suicide in discharged working-age women relative to their general population peers was double the equivalent male risk elevation.ConclusionsRecently discharged adults at any age are at increased risk of dying from external and natural causes, indicating the importance of close monitoring and provision of optimal support to all such patients, particularly during the first 3 months post-discharge.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sarcopenia in Patients With Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Liyuan , Gao Qianqian , Hu Kaiyan , Wu Mei , Wang Zhe , Chen Fei , Mei Fan , Zhao Li , Ma Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
The prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes is 3 times higher than that in patients without diabetes and is associated with a poor prognosis.

Objective
To investigate the global pooled prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes.

Data Sources
Relevant studies published until November 30, 2020, were identified from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, WanFang, CNKI, VIP, and CBM databases.

Study Selection
Participants with age ≥ 18 years with clinically diagnosed diabetes. Sex and diabetes type were not restricted.

Data Extraction
The data were extracted by 2 reviewers independently using a standard data collection form.

Data Synthesis
The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with diabetes was 18% (95% CI, 16-20); subgroup analysis showed that sarcopenia was more prevalent in males than in females, as well as being more prevalent in Asia than in South America and Oceania. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.10), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR = 1.16), visceral fat area (VFA) (OR = 1.03), diabetic nephropathy (OR = 2.54), duration of diabetes (OR = 1.06), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (OR = 1.33) were risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with diabetes.

Conclusions
Sarcopenia was more prevalent in patients with diabetes. Age, HbA1c, VFA, diabetic nephropathy, duration of diabetes, and hs-CRP were the probable risk factors. In the future, medical staff should not only pay attention to the early screening of sarcopenia in high-risk groups, but also provide information on its prevention.
Targeting 11-Beta Hydroxylase With [131I]IMAZA: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Hahner Stefanie , Hartrampf Philipp E , Mihatsch Patrick W , Nauerz Marc , Heinze Britta , Hänscheid Heribert , Teresa Fuß Carmina , Werner Rudolf A , Pamporaki Christina , Kroiss Matthias , Fassnacht Martin , Buck Andreas K , Schirbel Andreas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Context
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with limited treatment options. Theranostic approaches with adrenal specific radiotracers hold promise for improved diagnostics and treatment.

Objective
Here, we report a new theranostic approach to advanced ACC applying (R)-1-[1-(4-[123I]iodophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid azetidinyl amide ([123I]IMAZA) for diagnostic imaging and [131I]IMAZA for radionuclide therapy.

Methods
Sixty-nine patients with nonresectable, metastatic ACCs were screened using a diagnostic [123I]IMAZA scan. Patients with significant uptake in all tumoral lesions were offered treatment with [131I]IMAZA. Tumor response was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST version 1.1), and adverse effects were assessed by Common Toxicity Criteria (version 5.0).

Results
After screening, 13 patients were treated with a median of 25.7 GBq [131I]IMAZA (range 18.1-30.7 GBq). Five individuals received a second treatment course. Best response was a decrease in the RECIST target lesions of –26% in 2 patients. Five patients with disease stabilization experienced a median progression-free survival of 14.3 months (range 8.3-21.9). Median overall survival in all patients was 14.1 months (4.0-56.5) after therapy. Treatment was well tolerated, in other words no severe toxicities (CTCAE grade ≥3) were observed.

Conclusion
In patients with advanced ACC refractory to standard therapeutic regimens, [131I]IMAZA treatment was associated with disease stabilization and nonsignificant tumor size reduction in a significant patient fraction and only limited toxicities. High [131I]IMAZA-uptake in tumor lesions was observed in 38.5% of patients with advanced ACC, rendering [131I] IMAZA a potential treatment option in a limited, well-defined patient fraction. Further clinical trials will be necessary to evaluate the full potential of this novel theranostic approach.
The Hippo Pathway Effectors YAP and TAZ Regulate LH Release by Pituitary Gonadotrope Cells in Mice
Authors: Lalonde-Larue Ariane , Boyer Alexandre , Dos Santos Esdras Corrêa , Boerboom Derek , Bernard Daniel J , Zamberlam Gustavo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Hippo transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ exert critical roles in morphogenesis, organ size determination and tumorigenesis in many tissues. Although Hippo kinase cascade activity was recently reported in the anterior pituitary gland in mice, the role of the Hippo effectors in regulating gonadotropin production remains unknown. The objective of this study was therefore to characterize the roles of YAP and TAZ in gonadotropin synthesis and secretion. Using a conditional gene targeting approach (cKO), we found that gonadotrope-specific inactivation of Yap and Taz resulted in increased circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in adult male mice, along with increased testosterone levels and testis weight. Female cKO mice had increased circulating LH (but not FSH) levels, which were associated with a hyperfertility phenotype characterized by higher ovulation rates and larger litter sizes. Unexpectedly, the loss of YAP/TAZ did not appear to affect the expression of gonadotropin subunit genes, yet both basal and GnRH-induced LH secretion were increased in cultured pituitary cells from cKO mice. Likewise, pharmacologic inhibition of YAP binding to the TEAD family of transcription factors increased both basal and GnRH-induced LH secretion in LβT2 gonadotrope-like cells in vitro without affecting Lhb expression. Conversely, mRNA levels of ChgA and SgII, which encode key secretory granule cargo proteins, were decreased following pharmacologic inhibition of YAP/TAZ, suggesting a mechanism whereby YAP/TAZ regulate the LH secretion machinery in gonadotrope cells. Together, these findings represent the first evidence that Hippo signaling may play a role in regulating pituitary LH secretion.
Revealing sound-induced motion patterns in fish hearing structures in 4D: a standing wave tube-like setup designed for high-resolution time-resolved tomography
Authors: Maiditsch Isabelle P. , Ladich Friedrich , Heß Martin , Schlepütz Christian M. , Schulz-Mirbach Tanja 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Modern bony fishes possess a high morphological diversity in their auditory structures and auditory capabilities. Yet, how auditory structures such as the otoliths in the inner ears and the swim bladder work together remains elusive. Gathering experimental evidence on the in situ motion of fish auditory structures while avoiding artifacts caused by surgical exposure of the structures has been challenging for decades. Synchrotron radiation-based tomography with high spatio-temporal resolution allows the study of morphofunctional issues non-invasively in an unprecedented way. We therefore aimed to develop an approach that characterizes the moving structures in 4D (=three spatial dimensions+time). We designed a miniature standing wave tube-like setup to meet both the requirements of tomography and those of tank acoustics. With this new setup, we successfully visualized the motion of isolated otoliths and the auditory structures in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and glass catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus).
A Model for Integrated Inventory and Assortment Planning
Authors: Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor , Kunnumkal Sumit 
Published: December 2021

Integrating inventory and assortment planning decisions is a challenging task that requires comparing the value of demand expansion through broader choice for consumers with the value of higher in-stock availability. We develop a stockout-based substitution model for trading off these values in a setting with inventory replenishment, a feature missing in the literature. Using the closed form solution for the single-product case, we develop an accurate approximation for the multiproduct case. This approximated formulation allows us to optimize inventory decisions by solving a fractional integer program with a fixed point equation constraint. When products have equal margins, we solve the integer program exactly by bisection over a one-dimensional parameter. In contrast, when products have different margins, we propose a fractional relaxation that we can also solve by bisection and that results in near-optimal solutions. Overall, our approach provides solutions within 0.1% of the optimal policy and finds the optimal solution in 80% of the random instances we generate. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, optimization.
Direitos Reprodutivos e Colonialidade de Gênero na América Latina: A Instrumentalização Internacional das Políticas de Controle Populacional do Governo Fujimori l Derechos Reproductivos y Colonialidad de Género en América Latina: La Instrumentalización Internacional de las Políticas de Control de Población del Gobierno de Fujimori
Authors: Cortelini Eduarda Racoski , Marques Renata Rodrigues 
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho objetiva analisar a responsabilidade da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) nas políticas de controle demográfico que resultaram na esterilização forçada de mulheres indígenas rurais no governo de Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000), no Peru. Busca-se compreender como esforços internacionais de controle populacional para América Latina influenciaram em políticas públicas de esterilização forçada de mulheres, no Peru, promovendo políticas de branqueamento populacional. Este Estudo de Caso utiliza-se da Análise de Discurso de documentos da ONU e do governo peruano, a fim de argumentar que essas organizações, utilizando-se pautas feministas, serviram enquanto instrumento da colonialidade de gênero, esterilizando sistematicamente mulheres rurais e indígenas. Resultados demonstram que Fujimori teve atuação em conferências internacionais, e que as Nações Unidas foram instrumento para essas políticas. Conclui-se que esforços internacionais para o controle demográfico na América Latina convergiram com o programa peruano, e que esse arranjo resultou na esterilização forçada de aproximadamente 200 mil mulheres.Palavras-chave: Direitos Reprodutivos; Colonialidade de Gênero; Governo Fujimori.RESUMENEste trabajo tiene la intención de analizar la responsabilidad de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) en las políticas de control demográfico que resultaron en la esterilización de mujeres indígenas rurales bajo el gobierno de Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000), en Perú. Se trata de comprender cómo los esfuerzos internacionales de control poblacional para América Latina incidieron en las políticas públicas de esterilización forzada de mujeres en el Perú. Este Estudio de Caso utiliza el Análisis del Discurso de documentos de la ONU y del gobierno peruano, teniendo la hipótesis de que esas organizaciones, utilizando lineamientos feministas, sirvieron como un instrumento de colonialidad de género, esterilizando sistemáticamente a mujeres rurales e indígenas. Los resultados demuestran que Fujimori ha trabajado en conferencias internacionales y que las Naciones Unidas ha sido un instrumento para esas políticas. Se concluye que los esfuerzos para controlar la demografía en América Latina convergieron con el programa peruano, y que ese arreglo resultó en la esterilización forzada de aproximadamente 200 mil mujeres.Palabras Clave: Derechos Reproductivos; Colonialidad de Género; Gobierno de Fujimori. Recebido em: 03/04/2021 | Aceito em: 13/09/2021.
A Crise Financeira Internacional de 2008 como Resultado da Dinâmica do Eixo Sino-Americano de Acumulação l The 2008 International Financial Crisis as a Result of the Sino-American Axis of Accumulation’s Dynamics
Authors: Castilho Gabriel Barbosa de 
Published: December 2021

Há um consenso na academia em atribuir a causa da crise internacional de 2008 ao processo de financeirização da economia dos Estados Unidos. Esta pesquisa considera esse entendimento correto, porém insuficiente para entender com profundidade como a crise impactou a economia mundial e o sistema interestatal. O objetivo deste trabalho é fugir do “nacionalismo metodológico” que permeia essa visão e entender a crise de 2008 como uma crise da conjuntura da economia-mundo capitalista. Seguindo a análise dos Sistemas-Mundo, o artigo é iniciado com o estudo da atual conjuntura, de expansão financeira do ciclo sistêmico estadunidense, que deve ser entendida através dos processos complementares de financeirização econômica e reestruturação produtiva mundial. Em um segundo momento, a pesquisa se volta para entender como esses dois processos construíram um “eixo sino-americano de acumulação”. Finalmente, entende-se que, apesar da aparente simbiose dessa relação, ela apresenta um desequilíbrio estrutural que originou a crise de 2008.Palavras-chave: Crise Financeira Internacional de 2008; China; Estados Unidos.ABSTRACTThere is a consensus in academia to attribute the cause of the 2008 international crisis to the financialization process of the United States’ economy. This research considers this understanding correct, but insufficient for a deep understanding of the crisis’ impact in the world economy and in the interstate system. This research aims to escape the “methodological nacionalism” that permeates this vision, understanding the 2008 crisis as a crisis in the conjuncture of the capitalist world-economy. Following the World-Systems Analysis, this research starts with the study of the current conjuncture, the financial expansion of the American systemic cycle of accumulation, which must be understood through the complementary processes of economic financialization and world productive restructure. In a second step, the research turns to understand how these two processes built a “Sino-American axis of accumulation”. Finally, it is understood that, despite the apparent symbiosis of this relationship, it presents a structural imbalance that originated the 2008 crisis.Keywords: 2008 International Financial Crisis; China; United States. Recebido em: 10/04/2021 | Aceito em: 17/07/2021.