bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal sharing and partitioning of scent‐marking sites by cheetahs and leopards in north‐central Namibia
Authors: Verschueren Stijn , Briers‐Louw Willem D. , Cristescu Bogdan , Fabiano Ezequiel , Nghikembua Matti , Torres‐Uribe Carolina , Walker Eli H. , Marker Laurie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractScent‐marking sites may facilitate interspecific information gathering and could help to minimise the risk of encounter with interspecific competitors. Recent evidence from South Africa shows that cheetahs avoid dominant predators at scent‐marking sites, which may delay or inhibit intraspecific communication in cheetahs. However, little is known on whether this pattern of avoidance occurs elsewhere in the cheetah's range. We analysed a 9‐year camera trap data set from north‐central Namibia to explore interspecific use of marking sites by cheetahs and leopards. We documented frequent sharing of marking sites, which was likely facilitated through temporal segregation and by availability of alternative sites that were species‐specific. We did not identify a stronger avoidance response of cheetahs to leopards than to conspecifics, suggesting that delayed communication by cheetahs resulting from predator avoidance may be limited in our study area. Seasonality affected patterns of marking site visitation, which may be attributed to behavioural changes in relation to reproduction or resource availability, or to differential detectability of olfactory cues among seasons. We recommend further research to better understand carnivore scent‐marking, including behavioural responses to olfactory cues and environmental conditions, as well as intra‐ and interpopulation differences.
Medication burden and clustering in people living with HIV undergoing therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Calcagno Andrea , de Nicolò Amedeo , Pizzi Costanza , Trunfio Mattia , Tettoni Cristina , Ferrara Micol , Alcantarini Chiara , Trentini Laura , D'Avolio Antonio , Di Perri Giovanni , Bonora Stefano 
Published: April 2021

AimPeople living with HIV (PLWH) have a high burden of comorbidities and concomitant medication use. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence, predictors and patterns of polypharmacy (PP) in a large therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) registry.MethodsWe searched our TDM registry and categorized co‐medications into 26 drug classes. We included patients with at least one medication recorded: PP and severe polypharmacy (sPP) were defined as the concomitant use of ≥5 or ≥10 nonantiretroviral/nonantitubercular drugs. Multivariable binary logistic analysis were conducted for identifying PP/sPP predictors. A hierarchical average‐linkage cluster analysis was performed among drug classes.ResultsWe included 2432 participants (1158 PLWH) aged 49.6 years (± 14.4) in the 2016‐2020 period. A higher number of concomitant medications (4 vs 3.1, P < .001) and a higher prevalence of PP (26.1% vs 21.8%, P = .015) were recorded in controls. At multivariable binary logistic analysis older age, female gender and HIV‐positive serostatus (P = .015) were independent predictors of PP; older age and year of inclusion were independent predictors of sPP. Cluster analysis showed that patients receiving oral drug for type 2 diabetes have a high probability of receiving several other drugs; a cluster of co‐medications was observed with opioids, diuretics and central nervous system‐affecting drugs.ConclusionWe observed a moderately high prevalence of polypharmacy in middle‐aged PLWH: advanced age and female gender were associated with the greatest prevalence. The observation of co‐medication clusters suggests groups of comorbidities but also identifies groups of patients at risk of similar drug‐to‐drug interactions.
BBIT20 inhibits homologous DNA repair with disruption of the BRCA1–BARD1 interaction in breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Raimundo Liliana , Paterna Angela , Calheiros Juliana , Ribeiro Joana , Cardoso David S. P. , Piga Ilaria , Neto Susana Junqueira , Hegan Denise , Glazer Peter M. , Indraccolo Stefano , Mulhovo Silva , Costa José Luís , Ferreira Maria‐José U. , Saraiva Lucília 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeAdvances in the treatment of triple‐negative breast and ovarian cancer remain challenging. In particular, resistance to the available therapy, by restoring or overexpressing the DNA repair machinery, has often been reported. New strategies to improve the therapeutic outcomes of these cancers are needed. Herein, we disclose the dregamine 5‐bromo‐pyridin‐2‐ylhydrazone (BBIT20), a natural monoterpene indole alkaloid derivative, as an inhibitor of homologous DNA repair.Experimental ApproachTo unveil BBIT20 antitumour activity and underlying molecular mechanism of action, two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) cell cultures, patient‐derived cell lines and xenograft mouse models were used.Key ResultsBBIT20 disrupted the BRCA1‐BARD1 interaction, triggering nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic BRCA1 translocation, cell cycle arrest and downregulation of homologous DNA repair‐related genes and proteins, with subsequent enhancement of DNA damage, reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis, in triple‐negative breast and ovarian cancer cells. BBIT20 also displayed pronounced antitumour activity in patient‐derived cells and xenograft mouse models of ovarian cancer, with low toxicity in non‐malignant cells and undetectable side effects in mice. Additionally, it did not induce resistance in triple‐negative breast and ovarian cancer and displayed marked synergistic effects with cisplatin and olaparib (a poly [ADP‐ribose] polymerase inhibitor), on 2D and 3D models of these cancer cells.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings add an inhibitor of the BRCA1‐BARD1 interaction to the list of DNA‐damaging agents. Importantly, either as a single agent or in combination therapy, BBIT20 reveals great potential in the personalized treatment of aggressive and resistant cancers, particularly triple‐negative breast and advanced ovarian cancer.
Racial stereotyping of indigenous people in the Canadian media: A comparative analysis of two water pollution incidents
Authors: Burns Philippe , Shor Eran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines the discourse surrounding issues affecting Indigenous peoples within the Canadian mainstream media. We compare the coverage of two cases of water poisonings—one in a primarily‐white town and the other in an Indigenous community—in 282 newspaper articles from the Toronto Star, the Globe and Mail, the National Post, and Windspeaker. We show that the dominant coverage of these two very similar cases diverged significantly. The Indigenous workers in charge of the water supply were regarded as incompetent and incapable to fill their position while the entire community was described as drunk, lazy, helpless, and perpetually dependent on government aide. By contrast, white workers were seen as relatable and in command of their erroneous actions, while the residents of the town were described simply as the victims of an unfortunate tragedy. Such reporting fails to contextualize the events or point out the injustices of Canadian colonialism, thus contributing to the perpetuation of these injustices.
Emerging infectious diseases, vaccines and Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Koike Haruki , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe recent outbreak of Zika virus infection increased the incidence of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Following the first reported case of GBS after Zika virus infection in 2013, there has been a considerable increase in the incidence of GBS in endemic countries, such as French Polynesia and Latin American countries. The association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and GBS is another emerging research hotspot. Electrophysiological studies have suggested that GBS patients associated with Zika virus infection or COVID‐19 tend to manifest acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, rather than acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). Causative autoantibodies, such as anti‐ganglioside antibodies in AMAN associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection, have not been identified in GBS associated with these emerging infectious diseases. Nevertheless, recent studies suggested molecular mimicry between these viruses and human proteins related to GBS. Recent studies have shown the efficacy of new vaccines, containing artificial messenger RNA encoding the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2, against COVID‐19. These vaccines are now available in many countries and massive vaccination campaigns are currently ongoing. Although there are long‐standing concerns about the increased risk of GBS after inoculation of conventional vaccines, the risk of GBS is not considered a legitimate reason to limit administration of currently available vaccines, because the benefits outweigh the risks.
Diet‐induced obesity aggravates NK cell–mediated contact hypersensitivity reaction in Rag1−/− mice
Authors: Kowalczyk Paulina , Majewska‐Szczepanik Monika , Strzępa Anna , Biała Dominika , Szczepanik Marian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies showed that natural killer (NK) cells mediate contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction. Many reports are showing that obesity promotes several inflammatory diseases. It was shown that diet‐induced obesity (DIO) aggravates classical T cell–mediated CHS in mice.ObjectivesTo determine whether the high‐fat diet (HFD)–induced obesity modulates antigen‐specific NK cell–mediated response.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of DIO on NK cell–mediated CHS reaction using a model of dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)–induced CHS in Rag1−/− mice.ResultsRag1−/− mice fed HFD for 8 but not for 4 weeks developed aggravated CHS reaction determined by ear swelling measurement when compared to animals kept on normal diet (ND) prior to DNFB sensitization. The obese Rag1−/− mice presented the adipose tissue inflammation. Furthermore, in vitro analysis showed that feeding with HFD significantly increases interferon γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin (IL)‐12p70 and decreases adiponectin concentration in liver mononuclear cell (LMNC) culture supernatants. The flow cytometry analysis of LMNC revealed that HFD treatment prior to DNFB sensitization increases the percentage of NK1.1+IFN‐γ+ cell population and affects the development and maturation of NK1.1+ cells.ConclusionsIn summary, current results suggest that the DIO significantly modulates the local and systemic inflammatory response, contributing to exacerbation of the CHS response mediated by liver NK cells.
Farmers' Exit from Land Operation in Rural China: Does the Price of Agricultural Mechanization Services Matter?
Authors: Qiu Tongwei , Choy S. T. Boris , Li Yifei , Luo Biliang , Li Jing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study uses data covering 3,914 farm households, collected from Henan province in China, to investigate the links between the price of agricultural mechanization services and farmers' exit from land operation. The results indicate that the increasing price of agricultural mechanization services leads to farmers leaving land operation, especially when the high sunk costs and the long‐term breakeven period of self‐owned machinery are considered. This effect is intensified by the rapid rural–urban migration in China. Further analysis reveals that the surge in service prices reduced land renting‐in and encouraged non‐grain production. Our analysis suggests that the agricultural mechanization service market in China tends to work against the survival of smallholder farmers. However, the price of agricultural mechanization services is conducive to eliminating less‐productive farmers and cultivating new agricultural operators.
The Orthodox Church in the Contemporary Ecumenical Dialogue
Authors: Wasmuth Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince its beginnings, the ecumenical movement has been influenced by the Orthodox Church, as seen, for example, in the 1920 Encyclical of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Two convictions have underpinned the ecumenical commitment of the Orthodox Church: the need for better mutual understanding between churches and the desire of the Orthodox Church to witness to the truth in its ecumenical relations. There have been instances where the Orthodox Church has not been able to assert its views, and indeed its dialogue partners have come to decisions contrary to the principles of the Orthodox Church. However, this article will focus on the extent to which the Orthodox Church has been able to present its message and effectively influence developments, something that can be observed mainly in two areas: (i) the early church creedal tradition, specifically the Nicene Creed, and (ii) the liturgical heritage, particularly the relationship between baptism and chrismation.
Salt and skin
Authors: Manoharan Prarthana , Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe introduction of salt as a therapeutic agent in dermatological disorders has been in use since ancient times. This ubiquitous agent is the most underrated substance after the advent of modern medicine. Though a commonly used agent in both traditional and modern medicine, it is important to understand its relationship to the skin to further enhance the comprehensive benefit. The complex history of the evolution of medicine and its skewed distribution among the countries of the world led to inclusion of locally available and economical agents into therapeutics as it becomes almost an inevitable need. Moreover, an inadequate knowledge about the harmful effects of chronic salt exposure led salt to have a unique role in occupational dermatoses. There is no adequate literature on both detrimental and therapeutic effects of salt and its relation to skin. Hence, a genuine attempt was made to summarize the known and the lesser known facts of this particular common seasoning agent.
Perspective taking in conflict settings: Can perspective taking smooth tensions between Trump and Clinton supporters in the aftermath of 2016 U.S. presidential election?
Authors: Bilali Rezarta , Godfrey Erin Brooke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCan perspective taking improve intergroup attitudes in conflict contexts? How does a context of conflict shape people's responses to perspective‐taking tasks and their ultimate effectiveness? The present study addressed these questions by examining the effect of perspective taking (compared with a perspective giving and a control condition) on intergroup attitudes between Trump and Clinton supporters (N = 537) one month after the 2016 presidential election. Perspective taking had positive effects on some intergroup attitudes: It increased warmth toward the outgroup (thermometer ratings), outgroup tolerance, perceived similarities between groups, and marginally increased positive outgroup evaluation. This study also sheds light on the mechanisms that might reduce the effectiveness of perspective taking in conflict settings by assessing the content and the effects of the induced perspectives in response to perspective‐taking task. About half of the induced perspective‐taking narratives involved negative views of the other, which were associated with worse intergroup outcomes. In addition, higher perceived intensity of the conflict between Trump and Clinton supporters and more negative emotions about the election outcome predicted more induced negative perspectives as a response to the perspective‐taking task. In turn, negative perspectives were associated with more negative intergroup attitudes. To sum up, while perspective taking had an overall positive impact on intergroup attitudes in this conflict setting, its impact seems to be contingent upon the content of induced perspective‐taking narratives.
Diet and trophic position of two mackerel species in the archipelago of Madeira, Portugal
Authors: Romero Joana , Vieira Carolina , Garrido Susana , Hermida Margarida , Catry Paulo , Faria Graça , Granadeiro José Pedro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias and the blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus are two abundant species in the Macaronesia region which includes the archipelago of Madeira, Portugal. Both are key species in the trophic web, being important prey for several local top predators, such as seabirds and marine mammals. Nonetheless, little is known about their feeding ecology in oceanic environments. In this study, the authors describe the seasonal variation in the diet of S. colias and T. picturatus in the oceanic region of Madeira throughout a year. Visual inspection of stomach contents revealed that S. colias fed on a broader range of prey groups than T. picturatus, but for both species, zooplankton (particularly calanoid copepods) and fish were the most important food items. The diet of S. colias included a higher proportion of fish, namely Atlantic saury Scomberesox saurus and S. colias, than that of T. picturatus, that included mostly the longspine snipefish Macroramphosus scolopax. T. picturatus consumed a higher proportion of decapods and other copepods. Seasonal variation was found in the diet of both species, with zooplanktonic species being more important in colder months (February to April) for S. colias and during warm months (May to October) for T. picturatus. Their diet in other seasons was dominated by fish. Although they consume similar prey, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of muscle of S. colias and T. picturatus showed little overlap in their diets, and T. picturatus showed higher δ15N and a narrower isotopic niche.
Unidirectional and bidirectional links between maternal depression symptoms and infant sleep problems
Authors: Dias Cláudia Castro , Figueiredo Bárbara 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe present study explored (a) the unidirectional and bidirectional links between maternal depression symptoms and infant sleep problems and (b) the moderating role of the infant’s sex on these unidirectional and bidirectional links. Mothers (N = 312) completed measures of depression symptoms at the third pregnancy trimester, and measures of depression symptoms and infant sleep problems at 2 weeks, and at 3 and 6 months postpartum. The findings revealed: (a) a main unidirectional link between maternal depression symptoms during the third trimester and infant sleep problems, particularly on infant unsettled sleep and daytime sleepiness at 3 and 6 months; (b) bidirectional links between maternal postpartum depression symptoms and infant unsettled sleep at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months of life; and (c) the reported links between maternal depression symptoms and infant sleep problems occur specifically in boys and their mothers. Maternal prenatal depression symptoms are linked to infant sleep problems and infant sleep problems are linked to maternal postnatal depression symptoms. Boys are more susceptible to the effects of maternal prenatal and postnatal depression symptoms, and mothers of boys are more susceptible to the effects of boys’ sleep problems.
2021 ISHEN guidelines on animal models of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: DeMorrow Sharon , Cudalbu Cristina , Davies Nathan , Jayakumar Arumugam R. , Rose Christopher F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis working group of the International Society of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) was commissioned to summarize and update current efforts in the development and characterization of animal models of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). As defined in humans, HE in animal models is based on the underlying degree and severity of liver pathology. Although hyperammonemia remains the key focus in the pathogenesis of HE, other factors associated with HE have been identified, together with recommended animal models, to help explore the pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanisms of HE. While numerous methods to induce liver failure and disease exist, less have been characterized with neurological and neurobehavioural impairments. Moreover, there still remains a paucity of adequate animal models of Type C HE induced by alcohol, viruses and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease; the most common etiologies of chronic liver disease.
Stepwise selection of natural variations at CTB2 and CTB4a improves cold adaptation during domestication of japonica rice
Authors: Li Jilong , Zeng Yawen , Pan Yinghua , Zhou Lei , Zhang Zhanying , Guo Haifeng , Lou Qijin , Shui Guanghou , Huang Hanguang , Tian He , Guo Yongmei , Yuan Pingrong , Yang Hong , Pan Guojun , Wang Ruiying , Zhang Hongliang , Yang Shuhua , Guo Yan , Ge Song , Li Jinjie , Li Zichao 
Published: April 2021

Summary

The improvement of cold adaptation has contributed to the increased growing area of rice. Standing variation and de novo mutation are distinct natural sources of beneficial alleles in plant adaptation. However, the genetic mechanisms and evolutionary patterns underlying these sources in a single population during crop domestication remain elusive.

Here we cloned the CTB2 gene, encoding a UDP‐glucose sterol glucosyltransferase, for cold tolerance in rice at the booting stage. A single standing variation (I408V) in the conserved UDPGT domain of CTB2 originated from Chinese Oryza rufipogon and contributed to the cold adaptation of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica.

CTB2 is located in a 56.8 kb region, including the previously reported gene CTB4a in which de novo mutation arose c. 3200 yr BP in Yunnan province, China, conferring cold tolerance. Standing variation of CTB2 and de novo mutation of CTB4a underwent stepwise selection to facilitate cold adaptation to expand rice cultivation from high‐altitude to high‐latitude regions.

These results provide an example of stepwise selection on two kinds of variation and describe a new molecular mechanism of cold adaptation in japonica rice.
Always on across time zones: Invisible schedules in the online gig economy
Authors: Shevchuk Andrey , Strebkov Denis , Tyulyupo Alexey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigates work schedules in online labour markets, operating in 24/7 mode across spatial borders and time zones. Focusing on largely hidden and invisible work of freelancers such as searching for jobs and communicating with clients, the study documents how platforms put pressures and constraints on freelancers’ time through the mechanism of task allocation. We use data on 241,582 timestamped messages posted by 29,759 unique users in 4082 contests on a leading Russian‐language freelance platform to reveal how freelancers’ efforts to get a job make them work nonstandard hours, including evenings, nights and weekends. Freelancers have to be responsive and adapt their schedules to clients’ needs. Freelancers who live in time zones which differ from their clients are particularly disadvantaged, working a greater proportion of nonstandard hours. The findings emerging from the study contribute to current debates on the gig economy and a new time‐work discipline.