bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter mitral valve repair in a high‐surgical risk patient with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation using the novel DragonFly™ Transcatheter Repair device—First in man implantation in China
Authors: Liu Xianbao , Pu Zhaoxia , Lim David Scott , Wang Jian'an 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTranscatheter repair of mitral regurgitation (MR) by edge‐to‐edge therapy has become increasingly accepted for patients with severe MR at high or prohibitive surgical risk in primary or degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR). The technological approach has evolved from the initial transcatheter edge‐to‐edge device to improve on its acute reduction in MR and durability of results, particularly in complex primary pathology. In this study, we reported the first case of DragonFly™ Transcatheter Valve Repair device in a patient with severe DMR.
Outcomes following PCI in CABG candidates during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The prospective multicentre UK‐ReVasc registry
Authors: Kite Thomas A. , Ladwiniec Andrew , Owens Colum G. , Chase Alexander , Shaukat Aadil , Mozid Abdul M. , O'Kane Peter , Routledge Helen , Perera Divaka , Jain Ajay K. , Palmer Nick , Hoole Stephen P. , Egred Mohaned , Sinha Manas K. , Cahill Thomas J. , Candilio Luciano , Anantharam Brijesh , Byrne Jonathan , Walsh Simon J , McEntegart Margaret , Kean Sharon , Siddique Laraib , Budgeon Charley , Curzen Nick , Berry Colin , Ludman Peter , Gershlick Anthony H. ,   UK‐ReVasc Registry Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients who would usually have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).BackgroundIn the United Kingdom, cardiac surgery for coronary artery disease (CAD) was dramatically reduced during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Many patients with “surgical disease” instead underwent PCI.MethodsBetween 1 March 2020 and 31 July 2020, 215 patients with recognized “surgical” CAD who underwent PCI were enrolled in the prospective UK‐ReVasc Registry (ReVR). 30‐day major cardiovascular event outcomes were collected. Findings in ReVR patients were directly compared to reference PCI and isolated CABG pre‐COVID‐19 data from British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) and National Cardiac Audit Programme (NCAP) databases.ResultsReVR patients had higher incidence of diabetes (34.4% vs 26.4%, P = .008), multi‐vessel disease with left main stem disease (51.4% vs 3.0%, P < .001) and left anterior descending artery involvement (94.8% vs 67.2%, P < .001) compared to BCIS data. SYNTAX Score in ReVR was high (mean 28.0). Increased use of transradial access (93.3% vs 88.6%, P = .03), intracoronary imaging (43.6% vs 14.4%, P < .001) and calcium modification (23.6% vs 3.5%, P < .001) was observed. No difference in in‐hospital mortality was demonstrated compared to PCI and CABG data (ReVR 1.4% vs BCIS 0.7%, P = .19; vs NCAP 1.0%, P = .48). Inpatient stay was half compared to CABG (3.0 vs 6.0 days). Low‐event rates in ReVR were maintained to 30‐day follow‐up.ConclusionsPCI undertaken using contemporary techniques produces excellent short‐term results in patients who would be otherwise CABG candidates. Longer‐term follow‐up is essential to determine whether these outcomes are maintained over time.
Huffing and twist: Fatal Torsade de pointes associated with Tetrafluoroethane Inhalation and amphetamine use
Authors: Burke Joseph , Haigney Mark C. P. , Farasat Morteza , Mehler Philip S. , Krantz Mori J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany volatile chemicals inhaled for a recreational high have a chemical structure similar to chloroform and may lead to Ikr blockade and subsequent torsades de pointes. This is one potential mechanism of action for huffing‐associated sudden death.
A 63‐kg giant neurofibroma in the right lower extremity and gluteal region of a 22‐year‐old woman: A case report
Authors: Sharma Samit , Pokhrel Biraj , Khadka Namrata , Rayamajhi Sangam , Man Shrestha Jayan , Lohani Ishwar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExcessive intraoperative hemorrhage in the management of a giant neurofibroma can be reduced with ancillary procedures such as ligation of the feeding/nutrient artery, adopting proper intraoperative hemostatic methods, and by staging the surgery.
Spontaneous retroperitoneal bleeding secondary to celiac artery compression syndrome
Authors: Nagasaki Kazuya , Ariga Hiroyuki , Irie Toshiyuki , Kashimura Junya , Kobayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClinicians should consider celiac artery compression syndrome as the cause of ruptured visceral aneurysm and dissection and ask patients for unexplained chronic abdominal symptoms. Endovascular embolization with metallic coil placement is the first‐line treatment, and surgery can be avoided in some cases.
Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Evolution Reactions Involving Strong C−H Bonds Activation via Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Zhang Dan , Hui Xin , Wu Chunying , Zhu Yunbo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrogen evolution reactions have been proved to be a powerful and green strategy in organic synthesis. Differing from hydrogen evolution reactions catalyzed by noble metal pincer complex with some limitations, the reactions facilitated by merging hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and metal‐catalyzed hydrogen evolution (MCHE) represents a more attractive and promising alternative for direct formation of chemical bonds from available feedstocks in synthetic chemistry. Given the significance, this review summarizes the state of the art with highlighting the mechanism, synthetic applications and meanwhile enlightens the future development of this area.
Method for the Manual Analysis of Moiré Structures in STM images
Authors: Günther Sebastian , Zeller Patrick , Böller Bernhard , Wintterlin Joost 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA method is presented to manually determine the lattice parameters of commensurate hexagonal moiré structures resolved by STM. It solves the problem that lattice parameters of moiré structures usually cannot be determined by inspection of an STM image, so that computer‐based analyses are required. The lattice vector of a commensurate moiré structure is a sum of integer multiples both of the two basis vectors of the substrate and of the adsorbed layer. The method extracts the two factors with respect to the adsorbed layer from an analysis of the Fourier transform of an STM image. These two factors are related to the two factors with respect to the substrate layer. Using the cell augmentation method, six possible moiré structures are identified by algebra. When the orientation and lattice constant of the substrate are roughly known, this information is usually sufficient to determine a unique moiré structure and its lattice parameters.
Direct and Indirect Electrooxidation of Glycerol to Value‐Added Products
Authors: Guschakowski Michael , Schröder Uwe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, different approaches for the direct and indirect electrooxidation of glycerol, a by‐product of oleochemistry and biodiesel production, for the synthesis of value‐added products and of intermediates for biofuel/electrofuel production, were investigated and compared. For the direct electrooxidation, metallic catalysts were used, whose surfaces were modified by promoters or second catalysts. Bi‐modified Pt electrodes (PtxBiy/C) served as model systems for promoter‐supported electrocatalysis, whereas IrO2‐modified RuO2 electrodes were studied as catalyst combinations, which were compared under acidic conditions with the respective monometallic catalysts (Pt/C, RuO2/Ti, IrO2/Ti). Furthermore, inorganic halide mediators (chloride, bromide, iodide) and organic nitroxyl mediators (4‐oxo‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐1‐oxyl and 4‐acetamido‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐1‐oxyl) were evaluated for indirect electrooxidation. These different approaches were discussed regarding selectivity, conversion, and coulombic efficiency of the electrochemical glycerol oxidation.
Tandem Character of Liquid Hot Water and Deep Eutectic Solvent to Enhance Lignocellulose Deconstruction
Authors: Xu Jikun , Zhou Pengfei , Liu Xinyan , Yuan Lan , Zhang Chuntao , Dai Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPretreatment with efficient fractionation, eco‐friendliness, and low‐cost brings high security to future biorefinery systems. Synergistic pretreatment is a compelling blueprint to tackle the compact structure of lignocellulose towards a high‐level valorization. Here, a stepwise approach was designed using hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatments to hierarchically extract hemicelluloses and lignin from poplar, while delivering a cellulose‐rich substrate that could easily undergo enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain fermentable glucose and residual lignin. The lifetime of recyclable DES showed that the pretreatment efficiency was still largely maintained after the fourth recycling. An enhancement of enzymatic digestibility from 13.9 to 90.4 % was initiated by the deconstruction of amorphous portions and robust cell wall. 23.7 % Xylooligosaccharides (degree of polymerization 2–6), 47.5 % DES‐isolated lignin, and 19.2 % cellulose enzymatic lignin were harvested via this coupled process. This study could promote the precise design of sustainable tandem pretreatment that can boost the frontier of highly available biorefinery.
Lookup table‐based negative‐bias temperature instability effect and leakage power co‐optimization using genetic algorithm approach
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Sahu Dheeraj Kumar , Pradhan Sambhu Nath 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAs a result of continuous scaling of transistors, negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has become a serious reliability concern which causes the device to degrade over its lifetime. Similarly, leakage power also remains a key issue in deep submicron technologies. Both NBTI‐related delay degradation and standby time leakage power depend strongly on the circuit's input patterns. The input vector control (IVC) technique can be used for mitigating both NBTI‐related delay degradation and leakage power. However, the input vectors with the least NBTI‐induced degradation may not be the same ones with the least leakage power in any circuit; therefore, co‐optimization is needed to minimize leakage and NBTI‐induced degradation. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA)‐based approach is presented to co‐optimize both NBTI‐related performance degradation and also leakage power. We are also presenting a trade‐off analysis by giving different weightage to the NBTI effect and leakage power. Simulation results applied on ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits illustrate that on average our proposed technique saves up to 21.85% and 17.68% circuit performance degradation and the leakage power, respectively.
Lightweight 8‐bit S‐box and combined S‐box/S‐box−1 for cryptographic applications
Authors: Rashidi Bahram 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a lightweight 8‐bit S‐box and combined S‐box/S‐box−1 with a security level equal to the AES S‐box is presented. From the viewpoint of hardware implementation, the S‐box has better hardware and timing complexities. The structure is based on an efficient field inversion and a low‐cost affine transformation. The field multiplications over
in the inversion circuit are implemented by resource sharing to reduces logic gates. The original equations of the inversion over
are optimally rewritten. In addition, a part of the S‐box called Part1 is optimized for reducing area and delay. This part consists of two addition operations, one multiplication, field squaring, and multiplication by constant λ, which all operations are over
. The subblocks of Part1 are combined to generate a unified structure. Security analysis of the proposed S‐box showed that the structure has a security level equal to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) S‐box. The implementation results in 180‐ and 65‐nm Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies show the proposed S‐box and combined S‐box/S‐box−1 are comparable in terms of area, delay, and area × delay than most of the famous S‐boxes. The proposed S‐box is a high‐secure and area‐efficient S‐box as a good candidate for block ciphers.
Autism spectrum disorder and new perspectives on the reliability of second to fourth digit ratio
Authors: Kyselicová Klaudia , Belica Ivan , Vidošovičová Mária , Janšáková Katarína , Neščáková Eva , Špajdel Marián , Navarová Simona , Ostatníková Daniela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is according to previous studies a likely biomarker for prenatal testosterone exposure and its effect on the human brain. It was found to be linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Recently, 2D:4D raised a lot of questions with regard to its stability and autism‐related behaviors. Here, we present a cross‐sectional study of 2D:4D in boys (N = 91, mean age 7.63) and adults (N = 36 mean age 22.8) with ASD as well as neurotypical students, 506 participants in total. Digit ratio was assessed by taking measurements from digital scans, compared between groups and correlated with the autism quotient. Significant differences were found in the digit ratio of children and adults. Both girls and boys had 2D:4D ratio lower than women and men, both on the right (p = 0.000 in females, p = 0.000 in males) and left hand (p = 0.018 in females, p = 0.011 in males). No significant differences were found in digit ratios between neurotypical subjects and those with ASD nor was there a relationship with the reported autistic traits, which leads us to question the reliability of 2D:4D and its relation to ASD.
The association between bullying and eating disorders: A case–control study
Authors: Lie Selma Ø. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Andreassen Ole A. , Rø Øyvind , Bang Lasse 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveChildhood bullying is associated with a range of adverse mental health outcomes, and here we investigated the association between bullying exposure and eating disorders (EDs).MethodIn this case–control study, we compared bullying history in individuals with EDs with community controls. Participants (n = 890, mean age = 29.50 ± 10.60) completed an online self‐report battery assessing bullying history and lifetime history of bulimia nervosa (BN), binge‐eating disorder (BED), and anorexia nervosa (binge‐eating/purging (AN‐BP) or restrictive (AN‐R) subtype). Logistic regressions were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs).ResultsIn the combined ED sample, individuals with a history of any ED were significantly more likely than controls to have experienced bullying victimization during childhood or adolescence (ORs = 1.99–3.30), particularly verbal, indirect, and digital bullying. Bullying prior to ED onset was also significantly more common than bullying within the same time frame for controls (ORs = 1.75–2.16). Further analysis showed that these effects were due to individuals with BN or BED reporting significantly more lifetime (p < .001) and premorbid bullying (p = .002) than controls, while individuals in the other diagnostic subgroups did not differ significantly from controls.DiscussionOur results confirm an association between bullying and binge‐eating/purging ED subtypes. Prospective studies are needed to establish bullying as a risk factor for EDs.
Tuning the Gold(I)‐Carbon σ Bond in Gold‐Alkynyl Complexes through Structural Modifications of the NHC Ancillary Ligand: Effect on Spectroscopic Observables and Reactivity
Authors: Sorbelli Diego , Belanzoni Paola , Belpassi Leonardo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the features of the gold(I)‐carbon σ bond and its modulation induced by an ancillary ligand has become fundamental for the purposes of ligand design, due to the increasing interest towards gold(I)‐alkynyl complexes and their wide range of applications. We carry out a systematic computational analysis of 16 gold(I)‐acetylide complexes bearing different N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) as ancillary ligands [NHC−Au(I)−CCH]. The results show that the strength and features of the Au−C bond can be efficiently tuned by performing specific structural modifications on the NHC, enabling a more efficient π communication between the alkynyl and the ancillary ligand. We also demonstrate that the effect of the bond modulation can be revealed via NMR spectroscopy, as highlighted by the tight correlation between the computed nuclear shielding constants and the bonding parameters. Finally, we show that, for the dual‐gold‐catalyzed Bergman cyclization as case study, suitable structural modifications on the NHC ligand, which modulate the π‐acidity of the metal fragment σ‐coordinated to an enediyne substrate, could affect the reaction barrier and the thermodynamic stability of the product. All the reported results can be well rationalized in the framework of distortion/interaction analysis, which has been recently extended to the dual (σ,π‐type) Au catalytic systems by Alabugin et al (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 137, 3406‐3416).
Asymmetric Organocatalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Alonso Diego A. , Burlingham Sarah‐Jayne , Chinchilla Rafael , Guillena Gabriela , Ramón Diego J. , Tiecco Matteo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe recent advances in asymmetric organocatalysis using eutectic mixtures as a reaction medium are revised in this mini‐review. In addition, the first enantioselective transformations using chiral eutectic solvents, which play the role of a green medium and organocatalyst, are described. In this minireview we intend to deepen not only in the synthetic aspects of asymmetric organocatalysis in eutectic mixtures, but also in the fundamental issues that seem to be essential for a successful development of this promising, and at the same time challenging, methodology.
Why the microkinetic modeling of experimental tafel plots requires knowledge of the reaction intermediate's binding energy
Authors: Exner Kai S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the relation between electrocatalytic activity and the rate‐determining step or the surface coverage of reaction intermediates is crucial to design next‐generation electrocatalysts that may contribute to the sustainability of our society. Commonly, microkinetic models making use of the quasi‐equilibrium or steady‐state assumptions are applied to correlate potential mechanistic descriptions to experimental data, which are usually depicted in the form of a Tafel plot. Yet, there is a discrepancy in the literature on the utility of the quasi‐equilibrium and steady‐state conditions, both of which are approximations per se. This inconsistency is the starting point of the present work, which compares the quasi‐equilibrium and steady‐state approaches for the analysis of a Tafel plot by the concept of free‐energy diagram for a two‐electron process. A correlation between the two frameworks is deduced and important guidelines for the application of the quasi‐equilibrium and steady‐state assumptions are obtained. While the quasi‐equilibrium approach is a suitable approximation for the analysis of a linear Tafel line without change in the Tafel slope, it may fail in the evaluation of a Tafel plot with two linear Tafel regimes. There, the binding energy of the reaction intermediate governs whether the quasi‐equilibrium model is justified, or the steady‐state approach is needed. This implies that density functional theory calculations are indispensably required as a supplement to analyze a Tafel plot with two different Tafel slopes, a situation that is particularly observed for highly active electrocatalysts.
Multistage carbon dioxide compressor efficiency enhancement using waste heat powered absorption chillers
Authors: Ul Haq Sheikh Ehsan , Uddin Fahim , Taqvi Syed Ali Ammar , Naqvi Muhammad , Naqvi Salman Raza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe performance of a multistage centrifugal compressor is highly influenced by the ambient conditions, especially during the summer seasons; their capacity shrinks and thus the power requirement for compression will increase. The prime cause of these constraints is the interstage cooling limitations. This study simulates various suction conditions of a multistage compressor on Aspen HYSYS® and suggests its debottlenecking by making the suction temperatures comparable to winter seasons. This is achieved by installing an additional exchanger at the downstream of each interstage cooler, cooling down the gas further by using absorption refrigeration chillers. These chillers are powered up by the waste heat recovered from the exhaust steam coming from the prime mover, steam turbine, of the same compressor. This modification will save a considerable amount of power (663 kW), net savings (Gross Savings – OPEX: 72 289 $/y), and reduce the carbon footprint (954 ton/y) of the overall process.
Reducing post‐harvest losses and improving quality in sweet corn (Zea mays L.): challenges and solutions for less food waste and improved food security
Authors: Becerra‐Sanchez Felipe , Taylor Gail 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDemand for fresh‐cut fruit and vegetables is increasing, in the face of global population growth and new interest in plant‐based diets. At the same time, year‐round supply across the world of popular vegetables means that post‐harvest losses, which can be significant, need to be minimized in the face of complex global supply chains and markets. Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is harvested before physiological maturity when the kernel has high water and sugar concentrations making it a very perishable fresh produce and effective post‐harvest handling essential to reduce losses and ensure quality. Taste, aroma and colour are the main customer‐appreciated characteristics, hence the most important to preserve. Among the sweet corn post‐harvest disorders, loss of sweetness, dehydration, fungal growth and post‐cooking browning are the biggest issues impacting sweet corn quality, leading to post‐harvest losses. The critical factor driving these losses in sweet corn is temperature. Sweet corn is not a chilling sensitive product and has high sugar content. For this reason, temperatures as close as 0°C and the appropriate use of packaging films to create an altered gas composition with high CO2 and low O2 concentrations can significantly prevent post‐harvest decay. The use of low temperatures and effective choice of appropriate packaging films can control sweet corn respiration rates and prevent microorganism growth, subsequently delaying quality loss. This comprehensive review assembles a description of the most customer‐appreciated sweet corn characteristics. And it describes the major sweet corn post‐harvest challenges and provides a summary of four approaches to improve post‐harvest quality in this popular fresh‐cut vegetable.