bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The miR-26 family regulates neural differentiation-associated microRNAs and mRNAs by directly targeting REST
Authors: Sauer Mark , Was Nina , Ziegenhals Thomas , Wang Xiantao , Hafner Markus , Becker Matthias , Fischer Utz 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) plays a crucial role in the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). C-terminal domain small phosphatases (CTDSPs) are REST effector proteins that reduce RNA polymerase II activity on genes required for neurogenesis. miR-26b regulates neurogenesis in zebrafish by targeting ctdsp2 mRNA, but the molecular events triggered by this microRNA (miR) remain unknown. Here, we show in a murine embryonic stem cell differentiation paradigm that inactivation of miR-26 family members disrupts the formation of neurons and astroglia and arrests neurogenesis at the neural progenitor level. Furthermore, we show that miR-26 directly targets Rest, thereby inducing the expression of a large set of REST complex-repressed neuronal genes, including miRs required for induction of the neuronal gene expression program. Our data identify the miR-26 family as the trigger of a self-amplifying system required for neural differentiation that acts upstream of REST-controlled miRs.
Case Report: Acute presentation of autoimmune hepatitis in a male patient
Authors: Hammami Aya , Ben Abdessalem Khouloud , Mestiri Sarra , Elleuch Nour , Dahmani Wafa , Ben Ameur Wafa , Ksiaa Mehdi , Ben Slama Aida , Ajmi Salem , Braham Ahlem , Jaziri Hanen , Jmaa Ali 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is one of the major immune mediated chronic liver diseases. It typically affects young and middle-aged females. Acute liver failure (ALF) is an unusual initial form of presentation of AIH and is particularly rare in male patients. Consequently, the clinical characteristics and optimal management of this entity remain poorly defined. Patients with AIH sometimes present features of the spectrum of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), simultaneously or consecutively, suggesting the diagnosis of overlap syndrome (OS) PBC- AIH. Data concerning PBC-AIH has been scarcely published and mainly comprises small retrospective studies. Case presentation: Herein, we report the case of a 40-year-old man with no history of any chronic liver disease, who presented with ALF. After carrying out extensive etiological screening, we suspected him of having ALF due to auto-immune liver disease namely AIH. The positivity of anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) which is a significant serologic marker of PBC, suggested a diagnosis of OS PBC- AIH. Since urgent liver transplantation could not be performed in our country (Tunisia), the only available therapeutic option was the administration of corticosteroids. During the two years of follow up and treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, azathioprine and a low dose of prednisolone, our patient is still asymptomatic with normal hepatic function tests. Conclusion: ALF due to AIH in a male patient is a very rare condition. The diagnosis should be considered in all patients with acute hepatitis of undetermined etiology. Corticosteroids were an effective and lifesaving therapeutic option. The association of AIH and PBC features could suggest an OS.
Case Report: Diabetic urinary auto-brewery and review of literature
Authors: A. Alduraywish Abdulrahman 
Published: May 2021

Background: Although candiduria is an expected encounter and should not be surprising in uncontrolled diabetes with glucose-enriched urine, urinary auto-brewery is rarely thought of by diabetologists. Moreover, endogenous ethanol production in humans from gut microbiome, urinary tract fungi and bacteria, and intermediary metabolism, has been reported for a long time, particularly in diabetics. Case description: To alert physicians to the overlooked implication of endogenously produced ethanol both as a biomarker for poor control of diabetes and as a complicating factor, we report this case of an elderly male smoker alcohol-abstinent insulin-dependent Type 2 diabetic patient. Because of circumstantial treatment and incompliance for one week, he developed endogenously produced alcohol intoxication. We proposed candidal urinary auto-brewery evidence sourced from the case history, urinalysis, and culture/identification tests - without excluding other sources. Fortunately, his diet and glycemic control were fairly controlled and, liver and kidney functions were almost normal. Amphotericin B I/V for five days, insulin, and a fluid therapy regimen greatly improved the case and cleared both the candiduria and ethanol from the urine and blood and the patient regained his base-line normal life. Conclusion: Symptoms of alcohol intoxication should be expected in patients with uncontrolled diabetes that most often correlates with candiduria and/or constipation. These symptoms can be exaggerated in those already suffering a degree of dementia and/or comorbid psychiatric/neurologic affections. Direct wet mount examination of urine under phase contrast microscopy would show the budding yeast cells. Appropriate antifungal, insulin and fluid therapies regained the base-line norms.
Inattention in Contract Markets: Evidence from a Consolidation of Options in Telecom
Authors: Reme Bjørn-Atle , Røhr Helene Lie , Sæthre Morten 
Published: May 2021

We study customer inattention by utilizing a notification about a future price change in the mobile subscription market. With detailed customer-level data from a large telecom operator, together with data on prices and contracts offered by competitors, we document that the notification causes an increase in customer attention, which triggers search, plan switching, and churn. In particular, we show that the monthly propensity to churn increases by 60% (from 1% to 1.6%) among customers whose costs would decrease with the new prices. We also document an increase in churn directly after the notification, not at the time of the future price change, and argue that this timing pattern is evidence of sophisticated inattention: customers take immediate action to mitigate the impact of their own future inertia. We supplement the analysis with a survey and find supporting evidence for the important role of inattention in determining how consumers adapt to changes in the market. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
Synthesis and downconversion photoluminescence of Erbium-doped
chalcohalide glasses of
AgCl(I)–Ga2S3–La2S3
systems
Authors: Halyan V. V. , Yukhymchuk V. O. , Ivashchenko I. A. , Kozak V. S. , Tyshchenko P. V. , Olekseyuk I. D. 
Published: May 2021

Erbium-doped chalcohalide glasses of

A
g
C
l

(

I

)

−

G
a

2

S

3

−

L
a

2

S

3

systems were synthesized by using the
melting-cooling method. The introduction of a halide component leads
to a decrease in the absorption coefficient, and the addition of
erbium leads to the emergence of narrow absorption bands associated
with transitions in the f-shell of

E
r

3
+

ions. Five PL bands were detected in
erbium-doped samples when excited by a laser with a 532 nm wavelength,
the most intense of which at 980 nm and 1540 nm are promising for use
in optical amplifiers and fiber optic networks. It was established
that the glass-forming matrix

A
g
C
l

−

G
a

2

S

3

−

L
a

2

S

3

, doped with

E
r

3
+

ions, is an effective light-emitting
medium in the near-infrared range. At the same time, the concentration
quenching of the PL was observed in the

A
g
I

−

G
a

2

S

3

−

L
a

2

S

3

system when erbium content
increases.
Ginger (Zingiber Officinale)-derived nanoparticles in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice: Hepatoprotective and enhancer of etiological treatment
Authors: Abd El Wahab Wegdan M. , El-Badry Ayman A. , Mahmoud Soheir S. , El-Badry Yaser A. , El-Badry Mohamed A. , Hamdy Doaa A. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Nanotechnology has been manufactured from medicinal plants to develop safe, and effective antischistosmal alternatives to replace today’s therapies. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prophylactic effect of ginger-derived nanoparticles (GNPs), and the therapeutic effect of ginger aqueous extract, and GNPs on Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infected mice compared to praziquantel (PZQ), and mefloquine (MFQ).

Methodology/principal findings
Eighty four mice, divided into nine different groups, were sacrificed at 6th, 8th, and 10th week post-infection (PI), with assessment of parasitological, histopathological, and oxidative stress parameters, and scanning the worms by electron microscope. As a prophylactic drug, GNPs showed slight reduction in worm burden, egg density, and granuloma size and number. As a therapeutic drug, GNPs significantly reduced worm burden (59.9%), tissue egg load (64.9%), granuloma size, and number at 10th week PI, and altered adult worm tegumental architecture, added to antioxidant effect. Interestingly, combination of GNPs with PZQ or MFQ gave almost similar or sometimes better curative effects as obtained with each drug separately. The highest therapeutic effect was obtained when ½ dose GNPs combined with ½ dose MFQ which achieved 100% reduction in both the total worm burden, and ova tissue density as early as the 6th week PI, with absence of detected eggs or tissue granuloma, and preservation of liver architecture.

Conclusions/significance
GNPs have a schistosomicidal, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective role. GNPs have a strong synergistic effect when combined with etiological treatments (PZQ or MFQ), and significantly reduced therapeutic doses by 50%, which may mitigate side effects and resistance to etiological drugs, a hypothesis requiring further research. We recommend extending this study to humans.
2-Day versus C-reactive protein guided antibiotherapy with levofloxacin in acute COPD exacerbation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mohamed Amine Msolli , Selma Messous , Adel Sekma , Khaoula Bel haj ali , Mohamed Hassene Khalil , Imen Trabelsi , Ahmed Abdelghani , Nadia Ben Brahim , Yosra Ben Dhaya , Rabie Razgallah , Mohamed Habib Grissa , Kaouthar Beltaief , Mehdi Methamem , Asma Belguith , Wahid Bouida , Riadh Boukef , Hamdi Boubaker , Semir Nouira ,   on behalf of the GREAT Network
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Duration of antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is most commonly based on expert opinion. Biomarker guided strategy is increasingly recommended to limit unnecessary antibiotic use. We performed a randomized controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of 2-day versus C-reactive protein (CRP)-guided treatment with levofloxacin in patients with AECOPD.

Methods
Patients with AECOPD were randomized to receive oral levofloxacin daily for 7 days unless the serum CRP level decreased by at least 50% from the baseline value or levofloxacin for two days; thereafter, oral placebo tablet was prescribed according to the CRP. The primary outcome measure was cure rate, and secondary outcome included need for additional antibiotics, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, exacerbation rates and exacerbation free interval (EFI) within one-year follow-up.

Results
In intention to treat (ITT) analysis, cure rate was 76.1% (n = 118) and 79.3% (n = 123) respectively in 2-day and CRP-guided groups. In per protocol (PP) analysis, cure rate was 73% (n = 92) and 70.4% (n = 88) respectively in 2-day and CRP-guided groups. The difference between the two groups was not significant. The need for additional antibiotics and ICU admission rates were not significantly different between the two groups. One-year exacerbation rate was 27% (n = 42) in 2-day group versus 30.3% (n = 47) in CRP-guided group (p = 0.53); the EFI was 125 days (interquartile range, 100–151) versus 100 days (interquartile range, 78–123) in 2-day and CRP-guided groups respectively (p = 0.45). No difference in adverse effects was detected.

Conclusion
Levofloxacin once daily for 2 days had similar efficacy compared to CRP-guided in AECOPD. This short course treatment decreased antibiotic consumption which would improve patient compliance and reduce adverse effects.
Attitude towards diabetes mellitus among adult communities in Gondar city, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Abiy Maru , Sisay Malede Mequanent 
Published: May 2021

Background
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetes and its complications can be reduced by enhancing the attitude of the community. However, there is limited information regarding attitude towards diabetes in northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study determined the attitude and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among adult non-diabetic participants in Gondar city.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar city. Systematic random sampling was employed to select 626 non-diabetic participants. The data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, processing, and analysis were done using STATA version 14. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions were used to identify the associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to calculate a level of significance.

Results
Of 626 participants, 572 (91.37%) study subjects heard about diabetes mellitus. Three hundred and fifteen participants (55.07%) (95% CI: 50.9% - 59.1%) had a favorable attitude towards diabetes mellitus. Having good knowledge about diabetes (adjusted odds ratio = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.88, 3.87), and higher educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.78) were positively associated with a favorable attitude towards diabetes mellitus. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98), on the other hand, had poor attitude towards diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion
In this study, a favorable attitude towards diabetes was low among adult non-diabetic participants. Good knowledge, higher educational status, and being male were the factors associated with a favorable attitude towards diabetes.
COVID-19 and the kidney: A retrospective analysis of 37 critically ill patients using machine learning
Authors: Herzog Anna Laura , von Jouanne-Diedrich Holger K. , Wanner Christoph , Weismann Dirk , Schlesinger Tobias , Meybohm Patrick , Stumpner Jan 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThere is evidence that SARS-CoV2 has a particular affinity for kidney tissue and is often associated with kidney failure.MethodsWe assessed whether proteinuria can be predictive of kidney failure, the development of chronic kidney disease, and mortality in 37 critically ill COVID-19 patients. We used machine learning (ML) methods as decision trees and cut-off points created by the OneR package to add new aspects, even in smaller cohorts.ResultsAmong a total of 37 patients, 24 suffered higher-grade renal failure, 20 of whom required kidney replacement therapy. More than 40% of patients remained on hemodialysis after intensive care unit discharge or died (27%). Due to frequent anuria proteinuria measured in two-thirds of the patients, it was not predictive for the investigated endpoints; albuminuria was higher in patients with AKI 3, but the difference was not significant. ML found cut-off points of >31.4 kg/m2for BMI and >69 years for age, constructed decision trees with great accuracy, and identified highly predictive variables for outcome and remaining chronic kidney disease.ConclusionsDifferent ML methods and their clinical application, especially decision trees, can provide valuable support for clinical decisions. Presence of proteinuria was not predictive of CKD or AKI and should be confirmed in a larger cohort.
Incidence of deep vein thrombosis through an ultrasound surveillance protocol in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in non-ICU setting: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Pieralli Filippo , Pomero Fulvio , Giampieri Margherita , Marcucci Rossella , Prisco Domenico , Luise Fabio , Mancini Antonio , Milia Alessandro , Sammicheli Lucia , Tassinari Irene , Caldi Francesca , Innocenti Francesca , Faraone Antonio , Beltrame Chiara , Pini Riccardo , Ungar Andrea , Fortini Alberto 
Published: May 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limbs, using serial compression ultrasound (CUS) surveillance, in acutely ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to a non-ICU setting.

Methods
Multicenter, prospective study of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Internal Medicine units. All patients were screened for DVT of the lower limbs with serial CUS. Anticoagulation was defined as: low dose (enoxaparin 20–40 mg/day or fondaparinux 1.5–2.5 mg/day); intermediate dose (enoxaparin 60–80 mg/day); high dose (enoxaparin 120–160 mg or fondaparinux 5–10 mg/day or oral anticoagulation). The primary end-point of the study was the diagnosis of DVT by CUS.

Results
Over a two-month period, 227 consecutive patients with moderate-severe COVID-19 pneumonia were enrolled. The incidence of DVT was 13.7% (6.2% proximal, 7.5% distal), mostly asymptomatic. All patients received anticoagulation (enoxaparin 95.6%) at the following doses: low 57.3%, intermediate 22.9%, high 19.8%. Patients with and without DVT had similar characteristics, and no difference in anticoagulant regimen was observed. DVT patients were older (mean 77±9.6 vs 71±13.1 years; p = 0.042) and had higher peak D-dimer levels (5403 vs 1723 ng/mL; p = 0.004). At ROC analysis peak D-dimer level >2000 ng/mL (AUC 0.703; 95% CI 0.572–0.834; p = 0.004) was the most accurate cut-off value able to predict DVT (RR 3.74; 95%CI 1.27–10, p = 0.016).

Conclusions
The incidence of DVT in acutely ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is relevant. A surveillance protocol by serial CUS of the lower limbs is useful to timely identify DVT that would go otherwise largely undetected.
Comics and Figurative Narration: What Pierre Couperie Contributed
Authors: Sausverd Antoine 
Published: May 2021

This chapter contains a new translation of the 2014 article by the French comics scholar Antoine Sausverd exploring Pierre Couperie’s role in the founding of the French intellectual comics fan group SOCERLID; details about the 1967 Musee des Arts Decoratifs exhibit ‘Bande dessinée et figuration narrative’ and its influential catalog ‘A History of the Comic Strip,’ and Couperie’s disdain for Roy Lichtenstein.
Sequential Titillation: Comics Stripped at the Museum of Sex, New York
Authors: Yoe Craig 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2018 commentary about Comics Stripped (2011) at the Museum of Sex in New York curated by publisher/collector Craig Yoe and Sarah Forbes. Covering the decades between the Great Depression to the present, the exhibit featured art by Joe Shuster, R. Crumb, Wally Wood, Jack Cole, Tom Finland, and many others. Topics included Tijuana Bibles (“The People’s Pornography”), 1950’s men’s magazines, censorship crusades, the underground comix revolution, fetish art by Joe Shuster (as featured in Yoe’s book Secret Identity: The Fetish Art of Superman’s Co-Creator Joe Shuster) and Eric Stanton, cartoon porn, same sex comics, and international comics. This chapter includes commentary by curator, collector, and publisher Craig Yoe about how this extensive examination of sexual taboos and other naughty bits came about, as well as his thoughts about sharing his collection and the public response to the show. Images: two exhibition photos
How Low Can You Go?
Authors: Carlin John 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 1990 review of MoMA’s High and Low: Modern Art, Popular Culture by cultural entrepreneur John Carlin, co-curator of The Comic Art Show (Whitney, 1983) and curator of Masters of American Comics (Hammer, Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, 2005). This chapter discusses the differences between fine art and pop culture,the importance of excluded topics like jazz, video, and film, and how pop culture is environmental. Carlin explains: “Pop culture is ugly, rude, sexist, racist and politically naive. Fine art is obscure, elitist, misogynist and has no politics. Obviously they were made for each other.”
Splashing Ink on Museum Walls: How Comic Art Is Conquering Galleries, Museums, and Public Spaces
Authors: Salkowitz Rob 
Published: May 2021

In this 2018 essay, Forbes cultural journalist Rob Salkowitz explains how exhibitions contribute to the valuation of an artist’s work while recognizing exhibitions of comic art as landmarks on comics’ long march to cultural legitimacy. Salkowitz begins his essay by sharing his memories of the 2016 Seattle Art Museum exhibition Graphic Masters, which was centered around The Bible Illuminated: R. Crumb’s Book of Genesis. This chapter discusses the evolution of exhibitions since 1990, how exhibitions have enhanced the valuation of original comics drawings, challenges for commercial galleries and dealers, and curatorial strategies.
Genius in a Box
Authors: Worth Alexi 
Published: May 2021

This chapter includes a 2017 article by artist and art critic Alexi Worth wherein he reviews two exhibitions centered on the work of the “King of Comics” Jack Kirby: Comic Book Apocalypse: The Graphic World of Jack Kirby at California State University Northridge and What Nerve! Alternative Figures in American Art, 1960 to the Present at Rhode Island School of Design Museum. This chapter focuses on the relationship between comics and Pop Art, discussing the use of Kirby’s cover for Young Romance #26 in Richard Hamilton’s groundbreaking Pop Art collage Just What Is It That Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appealing (1956) and Kirby’s place in art history. This chapter discusses Dream Machine,Kirby’s dynamic drawing style and influences, and the twists and turns of his career at Marvel Comics.
Chaos and Compromise
Authors: Pugh Brian A. , Frith Ronny 
Published: May 2021

This book explains how Mississippi’s budget making process evolved and examines legislation and litigation, as well as those legislators and governors responsible for developing this process. This book explains in detail the significant actions taken by the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government that affected Mississippi’s procedures. Significant legislation covered includes the passage of Senate Bill 356, which gave the governor the authority to prepare and submit a budget recommendation in 1918; the passage of the Administrative Reorganization Act of 1984; the passage of the Budget Reform Act of 1992; and the passage of the Financial and Operational Responses That Invigorate Future Years Act (FORTIFY) during the First Extraordinary Session of 2017. The first two chapters provide a historical perspective and give the reader an understanding of how legislation and litigation contributed. The book also covers interventions by the courts, which led to the unprecedented separation of powers case Alexander v. State of Mississippi by and Through Allain (1983). In addition to discussing important laws and legislators, Pugh takes a detailed look at six of Mississippi’s recent governors—Bill Allain, Ray Mabus, Kirk Fordice, Ronnie Musgrove, Haley Barbour, and Phil Bryant—to examine their methods for getting the legislature to include their ideas in the often anguished process of making a budget.
“Decisions with Precisions”: New Directions for Hardcore in Washington, DC
Authors: Rapport Evan 
Published: May 2021

The music made in Washington DC in the late 1970s and early 1980s fundamentally changed punk. Washington DC was a different environment than the other cities where punk was based in that it was majority Black during this period, with a significant Black presence in the suburbs. The emergence of Bad Brains, an all-Black quartet, at the center of the scene established punk as an authentic form of expression for African Americans and other people of color. Bad Brains and Minor Threat also raised the stakes for musicality in hardcore punk, with complex songs played with virtuosic technique, and they reintroduced elements such as blues-based riffs and rhythmic variations. This chapter also describes the ways in which the punk scene in Washington DC solidified punk’s status as music by and for teenagers and Generation X.