bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bluest Changing-Look QSO SDSS J224113-012108
Authors: Zhang XueGuang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this manuscript, we report a new changing-look QSO (CLQSO) SDSS J2241 at z = 0.059. Based on the multi-epoch Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra from 2011 to 2017, the flux ratio of broad Hα to broad Hβ has changed from 7 in 2011 to 2.7 in 2017, leading SDSS J2241 with a spectral index α

λ
∼ −5.21 ± 0.02 (λ < 4000) in 2017 to be, so far, the bluest CLQSO. Based on the SDSS spectrum in 2011, the host galaxy contribution with a stellar velocity dispersion of ∼86 km s−1 can be well determined, leading to the M–sigma relation expected central black hole (BH) mass of ∼3 × 106
M
⊙. However, based on properties of the broad Hα emission, the virial BH mass is ∼108
M
⊙, about two magnitudes larger than the mass found through the M–sigma relation. The different BH masses found using different methods indicate that SDSS J2241 is one unique CLQSO. The long-term photometric light curve shows interesting variability that is not expected assuming the Damped Random Walk process commonly applied to active galactic nuclei but probably connected to a central tidal disruption event. Furthermore, based on continuum emission properties in 2017 with no dust obscuration, the moving dust clouds scenario alone cannot be preferred to explain the CLQSO SDSS J2241, because the expected intrinsic reddening-corrected continuum emission was unreasonably higher than the unobscured continuum emission in 2017.
The Evolutionary Effects of the Radius and Moment of Inertia of Rapidly Rotating Neutron Stars
Authors: Lan Lin , Gao He , Ai Shunke , Li Shao-Ze 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A newly born millisecond magnetar is thought to be the central engine of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), especially those that present long-lasting X-ray plateau emissions. By solving the field equations, we find that when the rotational speed of the magnetar is approaching the breakup limit, its radius R and moment of inertia I undergo an obvious evolution as the magnetar spins down. Meanwhile, the values of R and I sensitively depend on the adoption of a neutron star (NS) equation of state (EoS) and the NS baryonic mass. With different EoSs and baryonic mass considered, the magnetic dipole radiation luminosity (L
dip) could be variant within one to two orders of magnitude. We thus suggest that when using the X-ray plateau data of GRBs to diagnose the properties of the nascent NSs, EoS and NS mass information should be invoked as simultaneously constrained parameters. On the other hand, due to the evolution of R and I, the temporal behavior of L
dip becomes more complicated. For instance, if the spin-down process is dominated by gravitational wave emission due to the NS asymmetry caused by magnetic field distortion (

ϵ
∝

B

p

2

), the segment L
dip ∝ t
0 could be followed by L
dip ∝ t
−γ
with γ larger than 3. This case could naturally interpret the so-called internal X-ray plateau feature shown in some GRB afterglows, which means the sharp decay following the plateau unnecessarily corresponds to the collapse of the NS. This may explain why some internal X-ray plateaus are followed by late-time central engine activity, manifested through flares and second shallow plateaus.
An XMM-Newton Early-type Galaxy Atlas
Authors: Islam Nazma , Kim Dong-Woo , Lin Kenneth , O’Sullivan Ewan , Anderson Craig , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Lauer Jennifer , Morgan Douglas , Mossman Amy , Paggi Alessandro , Trinchieri Ginevra , Vrtilek Saeqa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The distribution of hot interstellar medium in early-type galaxies (ETGs) bears the imprint of the various astrophysical processes it underwent during its evolution. The X-ray observations of these galaxies have identified various structural features related to active galactic nucleus (AGN) and stellar feedback and environmental effects such as merging and sloshing. In our XMM-Newton Galaxy Atlas (NGA) project, we analyze archival observations of 38 ETGs, utilizing the high sensitivity and large field of view of XMM-Newton to construct spatially resolved 2D spectral maps of the hot gas halos. To illustrate our NGA data products in conjunction with the Chandra Galaxy Atlas, we describe two distinct galaxies, NGC 4636 and NGC 1550, in detail. We discuss their evolutionary history with a particular focus on the asymmetric distribution of metal-enriched, low-entropy gas caused by sloshing and AGN-driven uplift. We will release the NGA data products to a dedicated website, from where users can download them to perform further analyses.
The Predicament of Absorption-dominated Reionization: Increased Demands on Ionizing Sources
Authors: Davies Frederick B. , Bosman Sarah E. I. , Furlanetto Steven R. , Becker George D. , D’Aloisio Anson 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The reionization epoch concludes when ionizing photons reach every corner of the universe. Reionization has generally been assumed to be limited primarily by the rate at which galaxies produce ionizing photons, but the recent measurement of a surprisingly short ionizing photon mean free path of

0.75

−
0.45

+
0.65

proper Mpc at z = 6 by Becker et al. suggests that absorption by residual neutral hydrogen in the otherwise ionized intergalactic medium may play a much larger role than previously expected. Here we show that consistency between this short mean free path and the coeval dark pixel fraction in the Lyα forest requires a cumulative output of

6.1

−
2.4

+
11

ionizing photons per baryon by reionization’s end, well above the typically required ∼1–3. This represents a dramatic increase in the ionizing photon budget over previous estimates, greatly exacerbating the tension with measurements of the ionizing output from galaxies at later times. Translating this constraint into the instantaneous ionizing production from galaxies in our model, we find

log

10

f

esc

ξ

ion

/

(
erg

/

Hz
)

−
1

=

25.02

−
0.21

+
0.45

at z ∼ 6. Even with optimistic assumptions about the ionizing production efficiency of early stellar populations, and assuming the galaxy luminosity function extends to extremely faint sources (M
UV ≤ − 11), complete reionization requires the escape fraction of ionizing photons to exceed 20% across the galaxy population. This is far larger than observed in any galaxy population at lower redshifts, requiring rapid evolution in galaxy properties after the first billion years of cosmic time. This tension cannot be completely relieved within existing observational constraints on the hydrogen neutral fraction and mean free path.
ELViS is in the Building: The European Loans and Visits System and first experiences with Transnational and Virtual Access
Authors: Islam Sharif , Hardy Helen , Wilson Scott 
Published: September 2021

The European Loans and Visits System (ELViS), a DiSSCo e-service in development, will be a one-stop shop for global scientific users to access the Natural Science Collections in Europe. This talk provides a summary of important milestones: the release of version 1.0 of ELViS (released on March 18, 2021) and an analysis of the feedback received from the access providers and scientific users (over 500 submissions were received). ELViS 1.0 was used to facilitate the 3rd Transnational Access (to fund short-term research visits to consortium institutions) and the 2nd Virtual Access call (to fund digitisation-on-demand requests) for SYNTHESYS+ (a European Commission funded project to develop European collections infrastructure). This milestone is the culmination of activities in SYNTHESYS+ with partners consisting of researchers and staff members of several museums and herbaria across Europe and a commercial partner, Picturae (a Dutch company specialising in collections digitisation and preservation services for the cultural heritage and archival sectors).
The talk starts with a brief summary of the activities and behind the scenes planning processes that went into ensuring a smooth transition from the existing SYNTHESYS+ transnational access portal to the new ELViS system. These activities included weekly meetings, testing, bug fixing, coordinating with transnational and virtual access coordinators from different institutions, and wireframe design. The talk also focuses on specific aspects of the data elements that enabled the call and the application process with examples of using persistent identifiers for people, institutions and facilities. The concepts behind these data elements and identifiers were based on the blueprint of the DiSSCo architecture. The talk concludes with lessons learned and issues discovered and a brief look into the future plans and upcoming milestones for ELViS.
Le dénigrement de l’autre par la langue dans le foot amateur en Allemagne et en France
Authors: Koch Florian 
Published: September 2021

Le dénigrement de l’autre par la langue – englobant toutes les formes de la violence verbale quotidienne (telles que de simples insultes) et permettant de tirer des conclusions sur les attitudes à l’égard de groupes – est un phénomène transnational croissant. L’objectif de cet article est donc d’analyser ce phénomène social dans le cadre du foot amateur en Allemagne et en France. Après avoir présenté le développement du modèle plurifactoriel par induction « le dénigrement de l’autre par la langue dans le foot amateur » (DALFA) dans un premier article, ce deuxième article se concentrera sur l’analyse des facteurs influençant l’évaluation de la violence verbale en général et du dénigrement de l’autre par la langue, en particulier par l’arbitre du foot amateur, par le biais de moyens statistiques descriptifs et inférentiels. En général, l’analyse met en évidence le fait que la violence verbale est utilisée fréquemment dans le football amateur, que ce soit en Allemagne ou en France. De plus, l’analyse montre l’importance majeure de la motivation individuelle de l’arbitre. En outre, communiquer tout d’abord avec les personnes impliquées est considéré comme une stratégie efficace pour juguler les conflits. Qui plus est, l’analyse montre que des personnes tierces – les entraîneurs et les parents – les rivalités traditionnelles et l’adhésion à une ligue influencent massivement l’usage de la violence verbale. De surcroît, une majorité d’arbitres de football amateur a énoncé les caractéristiques du profil type du délinquant impliqué. Ainsi, les facteurs évoqués sont très variés : un comportement irrespectueux, l’âge, le sexe, l’origine et l’éducation. Finalement, l’analyse montre que les dénigrements verbaux sont plus sévèrement sanctionnés que les simples insultes. De plus, en violation des règles, les éléments du dénigrement verbal hiérarchisés représentent un quart des cas recensés. Il est recommandé que, outre une formation continue des arbitres amateurs et la mise en œuvre cohérente des concepts de prévention de la violence élaborés par les fédérations de football, les arbitres amateurs soient sensibilisés au phénomène du dénigrement verbal et à son « idéologie de l'inéquivalence » ainsi qu’à ses expressions linguistiques dans leur ensemble.
LEAF COLOR SEGMENTATION AND POT VOLUME INFLUENCE ON THE CO2 ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY IN TWO COMMON GREEN-WALL PLANTS
Authors: Agra Har’el , Uni Daphna , Horwitz Rael , Klein Tamir , Blaustein Leon 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Green walls can improve indoor air-quality by reducing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants. Our study focused on the spider plant, Chlorophytum comosum, and devil’s ivy, Epipremnum aureum, both common green-wall plants that have been found to be efficient CO2 absorbers. Both species have multiple variants with varying degrees of leaf green-white segmentation. Since photosynthesis depends on the concentration of leaf chlorophylls, we hypothesized that green variants are more efficient carbon absorbers than green-white variants. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that the photosynthetic rate of plants is affected by pot volume, as suggested by previous studies. We used a portable gas exchange system to determine the rate of photosynthesis of the study plants. No evidence was found for better photosynthetic performance in the green vs. green-white variants of each species. In fact, our results suggest the opposite. It was observed that a spider plants assimilated carbon more efficiently when grown in a larger pot volume. In conclusion, our study shows that in terms of carbon assimilation, green-white variants of spider plants are the better choice for indoor green walls. Their efficiency can be improved dramatically by increasing pot volume.
ASSESSMENT OF AIR CHANGE EFFECTIVENESS AND THERMAL COMFORT IN A NATURALLY VENTILATED KITCHEN WITH INSECT-PROOF SCREEN USING CFD
Authors: Jayasree T K , Jinshah B S , Lakshmi Visakha V , Srinivas Tadepalli 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTMany dwellings in warm-humid climates attain a comfortable environment by natural ventilation. The opening of exterior windows for ventilation allows the entry of insects along with the breeze. As a remedy, occupants install insect-proof screens on windows resulting in reduced airflow into the interior. This study attempts to evaluate the air change effectiveness and thermal comfort in a residential kitchen with insect-proof screens. A kitchen with insect-proof screens on the windows is compared with a case without insect-proof screens. Numerical simulation was conducted using ANSYS Fluent 2019 R2. The insect-proof screen is modelled as a porous media. The air velocity and temperature measurements were validated by measurements in a real scenario. The presence of insect-proof screens reduced the air velocity inside the space by 82%. However, the airflow pattern in the case with screens was more uniformly distributed. The mean age of the air was considerably higher in the case with insect-proof screens, which in turn resulted in a reduced ACE. The presence of an insect-proof screen resulted in a Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) of 2.79 indicating a ‘hot’ sensation, whereas in the other case, the comfort vote is only 1.93 indicating a ‘warm’ sensation. The presence of insect-proof screens on windows reduced the air velocity and ventilation efficiency, contributing to increased thermal discomfort in the kitchen.
THE LEED-COMMERCIAL INTERIORS (V4) PROJECTS IN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Pushkar Svetlana 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
This study analyzed the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Commercial Interior Certified, Silver, and Gold projects version 4.0 (LEED-CIv4) in California for the period 2015‒2020. Nonparametric tests were used to assess category and credit achievement, i.e., the difference between possible and achieved points and the correlation between associated credits. The results show that most of the credits in the location and transportation category and the indoor environmental quality categories had a high level of achievement, a few credits in the energy and atmosphere and materials and resources categories had a high level of achievement, and all of the credits in the water efficiency category had a low level of achievement. Some associated credits, such as surrounding density and quality transit, had a high level of achievement and a positive correlation, whereas other associated credits, such as life-cycle impact reduction and environmental product declarations, had a low level of achievement and a positive correlation. If LEED-CIv4 credits meet the requirements of the California Green Building Standards Code 2016 (CGBSC 2016), then these credits typically have a medium/high level of achievement. If LEED-CIv4 credits exceed the requirements of CGBSC 2016, then these credits have a low level of achievement. Therefore, to improve the next version of LEED-CI, it is necessary to improve the local green codes.
The impact of parasitoids on diamondback moth in Europe: a life table approach
Authors: Haye Tim , Dancau Tina , Bennett Andrew M. R. , Mason Peter G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDiamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), was first recorded in North America from Europe about 150 years ago and can be a significant pest of canola in Western Canada. Because parasitism ofP. xylostellain Canada is generally low, the introduction of one or more additional exotic parasitoids from Europe is being considered to increase the suppression ofP. xylostellapopulations. Life table studies to determine the impact of parasitoids on diamondback moth populations in Europe were conducted in northwestern Switzerland in 2014–2016. Net reproductive rates were found to be less than one in seven out of eight life tables, suggesting thatP. xylostellapopulations in Switzerland are mostly driven by immigration and recolonisation. In total, seven primary parasitoid species and one hyperparasitoid were associated with diamondback moth. Pupal parasitism byD. collarisreached up to 30%, but because generational mortality was mainly driven by abiotic mortality factors and predation of larvae, the overall contribution of pupal parasitism was low (< 6%). In regions of Canada, whereP. xylostellamay have increasing populations and low larval mortality, the addition ofD. collarismay be a promising approach. Life table studies across Canada are necessary to determine the need for such intervention.
Practice Patterns of Athletic Trainers Regarding the On-Site Management of Patients With Joint Dislocations
Authors: Wright Cynthia J. , Diede Mike T. 
Published: September 2021

ContextAs part of clinical practice, athletic trainers (ATs) provide immediate management of patients with acute joint dislocations. Management techniques may include on-site closed joint reduction of the dislocated joint. Although joint reduction is part of the 2020 educational standards, currently practicing ATs may have various levels of exposure, knowledge, and skills.ObjectiveTo capture AT self-reported knowledge and practice patterns concerning closed joint reductions.DesignCohort study.SettingOnline survey (Qualtrics).Patients or Other ParticipantsThe survey link was emailed to 5000 certified ATs. A total of 772 responses were completed by certified ATs with clinical practice experience (15.4% response rate).Main Outcome Measure(s)Participants were asked to complete a survey about their practice patterns concerning patients with closed joint reductions, which included questions about the types of closed reductions ATs performed most commonly, the frequency of on-site reduction by ATs, and participants' demographic information. Additionally, the survey addressed the ATs' training and comfort level in performing closed reductions and knowledge of standing orders and the state practice act.ResultsNinety percent (n = 694) of ATs reported ever performing a closed reduction (either with or without a physician present), with 10% (n = 78) stating they had never performed a joint reduction. The interphalangeal joint of the finger (73.2% of ATs), shoulder (63.3%), and patella (48.2%) were cited as the 3 most common reductions performed without a physician present. Only 46.5% (n = 359) of ATs indicated receiving training in joint-reduction techniques as part of their precertification athletic training curriculum or program; a greater percentage (64%) said they learned directly from a physician. Fewer than 60% of ATs reported having standing orders related to joint reductions.ConclusionsConsidering the high percentage of ATs who reported performing closed joint reductions and the low percentage with formal training, further development of joint-reduction training and standing orders is warranted.
Prognostic value of clinical scoring systems and coagulation parameters in severe community aquired pneumonia
Authors: Abdelaziz Ali O. , Saeed Zainab H. , Mohamed Ahmed H. , Mohamed Nezar R. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Predicting ICU outcome in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is important for effective clinical decision making. CAP is associated with coagulation abnormalities even in patients with nonsevere illness, and these parameters may improve the ability of simple clinical scores to expect mortality in severe CAP.

Patients and methods
A prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with a primary diagnosis of CAP and who needed admission to ICU Minia University Hospital between the period of September 2018 and October 2019. The study aimed to evaluate the value of clinical scoring systems and coagulation parameters to predict prognosis of severe CAP.

Results
The overall ICU mortality was 41%. Following multivariable regression, male sex, Simplified Acute Physiological Score II score, diagnosis of cancer, and prothrombin time (PT) were significantly associated with ICU mortality. Apart from Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, all other severity scores, including the CURB-65 score, can differentiate between ICU survivors and nonsurvivors when calculated at the time of admission to ICU (P<0.0001). Allocating an extra point for PT more than 17 s to the CURB-65 score improved its sensitivity.

Conclusion
Mortality from severe CAP remains high. The ability of the CURB-65 score to differentiate between survivors and nonsurvivors of severe CAP is comparable to other more complex scores. Addition of PT may further improve its discriminatory ability.
Drug-induced sleep endoscopy as a new modality for continuous positive airway pressure titration
Authors: Rezk Nasef Abd-Elsalam , Algamal Mohamed , Mohy Samar , Morsy Nesreen E. , Abo Shehata Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Nowadays, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the main modality for aging cases with obstructive sleep apnea. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) as a new modality for sleep titration.

Patients and methods
A total of 60 cases diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea were included. All cases were subjected to complete history taking, physical examination, and assessment by Berlin questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness scale, along with STOP-Bang questionnaire. Patients underwent full-night-attended polysomnography and DISE on the following day.

Results
Epworth scale had a mean of 10.33, whereas Berlin and STOP-Bang questionnaires had a mean of 2.45 and 5.50, respectively. The mean values are 12.27 in CPAP titration by DISE, 11.43 in CPAP titration by equation, and 12.45 in manual CPAP titration. There was a statistically significant correlation between all the studied methods (P<0.05). No morbidity or mortality was encountered in the current study.

Conclusion
Although sleep endoscopy-assisted CPAP titration is an inexpensive technique, it revealed comparable outcomes to traditional CPAP titration.