bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Large Scale Tourism in Samoa
Authors:   , Park Donald Dongsik 
Published: November 2021

<p>During the mid to late seventies serious questions were raised regarding the value of mass tourism. This lead to the creation of the alternative development paradigm with its preference towards small scale, local and community based and controlled projects which have gained wide acceptance within the field of development studies. This research looks to reopen and examine the case against mass tourism as a development tool under the following arguments: · The initial assessment was done in the late seventies and a combination of changes in business practices and consumer demands for ethical behaviour has potentially changed the development outcomes for host nations · Governments have a greater and more balanced awareness of the range of development issues and enterprises need to respond to this · Alternative development suffers from similar criticisms to those that have been directed at mass tourism as well as some unique issues · Labour force training has been largely overlooked as critical step in maximising potential development outcomes for host nations · Two major critiques around power inequality (Britton 1983) and empowerment (Sofield 2003) are external subjective judgements about development outcomes where feedback and conclusions from within host populations might add additional insight. A survey questioning the impact a large scale development had on people’s lives was central to the research. However, due to difficulties getting survey data from a large scale development in Samoa the research has focused on providing the arguments above from literature and on secondary research aims of seeking the governments views and strategies to deal with tourism and linking these strategies back to literature.</p>
Seismic Structure Beneath the Wellington Region from Receiver Functions
Authors:   , Hall Lucy Caroline 
Published: November 2021

<p>Seismic velocity structures, interpreted as being associated with the Hikurangi subduction system beneath the lower North Island of New Zealand, are imaged using stacked P wave receiver functions computed using teleseismic earthquakes. Receiver functions are a seismological technique that exploits the phenomenon of wave conversion. The upcoming P wave interacts with seismic velocity impedance contrasts below the receiving station to produce polarized P to SV converted phases. The time delay between the first arriving P wave and the SV converted phase is interpreted to infer the depth of interfaces and the velocity structure directly below the receiver, allowing estimates to be made of the physical properties of the interface. Passive seismic data were recorded at eighteen seismic stations deployed across a ~90km transect stretching across the breadth of lower North Island of New Zealand, from Kapiti Island, 5km off the west coast, to the eastern coast. The transect is oriented normal to the strike of the subducting Pacific Plate, as it dives beneath the overriding Australian Plate. Data were recorded at 10 broadband and 2 short period sensors, deployed as part of the Seismic Array Hikurangi Project (SAHKE 1 deployment), 3 Geonet (New Zealand Geonet Project) permanent short period stations, and 3 temporary stations from part of the 1991-1992 POMS project. Seismic data were recorded between November 2009 and March 2010 on the short period sensors and up to 18 months on the broadband sensor. Data recorded between November 2009 and November 2011 were utilised from the Geonet stations. P wave receiver functions are computed using the multi-taper correlation method using 389 > 6.0 Mw teleseismic earthquakes recorded at the individual seismic stations. A total of 1082 individual receiver functions from all the stations are stacked for both the individual stations and as a ‘super-stack’ across the complete transect, using the common conversion point (CCP) method. The CCP stack shows a distinct, thick low velocity layer (LVL), dipping to the west, from ~18km depth in the east to ~30km depth in the west. This is above a higher velocity layer, also dipping west, at depths of between ~22km and ~ 37km. The LVL is interpreted as being subducted sediments overlying the higher velocity plate interface. Structures towards the west indicate the presence of possibly imbricated features associated with the overriding plate. Deeper structures, down to a depth of 140km are evident, but have less clarity than the shallower features. Some of the deeper layers appear to be dipping towards the west, some to the east. The results of the CCP stack agree well with results from active source methods.</p>
An Examination of Young Women's Use of Condoms in Casual Sex Situations: Implications for the Sexuality Education Curriculum.
Authors:   , Cooper Annette 
Published: November 2021

<p>New Zealand has high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy when compared to other comparable countries. The purpose of this research was to gain a better understanding of how sexuality education in schools impacts young people’s behaviour and to elicit their ideas for improving the curriculum. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with eleven women aged 18-25. The research utilised Heideggerian phenomenology as a framework as this approach allows the researcher and participants to co-construct a shared understanding of the event/s. The results outline a complex picture of young people’s lives and their reasons for having both protected and unprotected casual sex. Three major themes were identified as increasing the likelihood of having casual sex: alcohol, biological factors and socio-cultural factors. However, none of these factors alone explain risky sexual behaviour. Rather, the factors interact within and between each other to increase or decrease the likelihood of someone having casual sex. This added complexity should be taken into account when consideration is being given to the way sexuality education in schools is taught. The results from this study add to the growing body of evidence that sexuality education in high schools need to change if it hopes to reduce the rates of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.</p>
Investigation into the Decision Making Process of Boards of Trustees Relating to the Suspension, Exclusion and Expulsion of Students in New Zealand Schools
Authors:   , Broadbent Lynda 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study investigated the decision making processes used by boards of trustees in schools across a range of deciles in a region of New Zealand. The research is framed by two objectives: to gain a broader insight and understanding of the processes used by boards of trustees when making decisions in order to inform a more robust governance system for schools that better responds to the development needs of school board members and educational needs of students; and to explore the ways i.e. skills, knowledge and experience used, in which decisions are made by principals and boards of trustees to stand-down, suspend, exclude and expel students in low/high decile schooling contexts in New Zealand. The inquiry is positioned within a critical educational paradigm, employs a mixed method approach incorporating a case study and survey, and uses a thematic analysis approach to identify themes. The research questions that guide this study are: what factors are the enablers or barriers that influence the decision making process of discipline committees?; how does the current support offered to boards of trustees empower them to make qualified decisions about continuing suspensions or excluding students or are there gaps in the support offered? And; what impact, if any, does the socio-economic area of a school have on the degree of knowledge and capability applied by its trustees when deciding to suspend or exclude/expel students? Data suggest school boards that have followed a sound process incorporating principles of natural justice and that have used quality documentation positively influence the outcome of a discipline committee meeting. The gaps in the current support offered to boards could be addressed by key stakeholders like the Ministry of Education and the New Zealand School Trustees Association committing resources to professional development for board of trustee members. It is often boards of low decile schools that lack confidence in their capability when making decisions about continuing suspensions, excluding and expelling students however, they also believe they are the right people to make that decision.</p>
Data & Craft: The Book Beautiful in the Digital Age
Authors:   , Scudder Dan 
Published: November 2021

<p>In 1917 Thomas James Cobden-Sanderson threw his life’s work off the Hammersmith bridge into the river Thames. Cobden-Sanderson did this for the ideal of the Book Beautiful, a book that he thought should be made for beauty, with all constituting elements considered; a book with presence and aura due to the manner in which it is crafted. In contemporary culture technology is becoming increasingly ubiquitous and as a result we read and interact more online than we ever have before. The ease of the internet seems to make the book redundant, yet despite this the book cannot be replaced as it is an emotive physical medium for our text. The ownership of a book is the closest relationship we can have to a text, belying the widespread prevalence of digital texts. This thesis investigates the relevance of the Book Beautiful in our technological society and explores the importance of the Book Beautiful today. One distinct importance is the collecting and ownership of books, in particular the Books Irreplaceable; those so saturated with memories that we cannot part with them. The Book Beautiful facilitates this relationship and nurtures the human side of us, retaining the associations and emotions that permeate it. One hundred years ago Cobden-Sanderson believed that only the exclusive use of the human hand can make a Book Beautiful, but today there exist digital manufacturing machines that can both facilitate the production of the Book Beautiful and facilitate its growth within our communities. To use such technology and yet retain the qualities of craft is called Digital Craft, which this thesis demonstrates is not a contradiction in terms.</p>
A Density Functional Theory Investigation of Intramolecular Dispersion Forces in Buckyball-Buckybowl Complexes
Authors:   , Welsh Ivan 
Published: November 2021

<p>The electron-rich, concave face of corannulene makes it an ideal candidate to host electron-deficient fullerenes, such as C60. The host–guest system is dominated by weak van derWaals interactions. Modelling of the C60@corannulene complex was carried out with nine different density functionals: B3LYP, B97-D, BP86, CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X, PW91, t-HCTH, wB97X, and wB97X-D, using the 6-31G(d) basis set. Results indicated that the functionals including an empirical dispersion correction term, B97-D and wB97X-D, gave the most reliable binding energy values when compared with ab initio SCS-MP2 benchmark computations. Additionally, a number of complexes with functionalised corannulene bowls were modelled at the wB97X-D/6-31G(d) level, with NMR calculations performed at the GIAO/wB97X-D/dec-6-31G(d) level. A linear trend was revealed between the number of substituents on corannulene and the strength of binding within complex with C60. Calculated 1H NMR Dd values for methyl groups on methyl substituted corannulene bowls were also linearly dependent on binding energy. Further results are reported here.</p>
Development of Osix - A Peering Point in a Box
Authors:   , Iqbal Aun Haji 
Published: November 2021

<p>Sending traffic over international communication links is much more expensive than sending traffic locally. Unfortunately, there are situations where two local networks end up using the international links because there are no national links between the two networks. To avoid this, a peering relationship should be established between these two local networks to allow them to directly exchange traffic. Peering relationships are implemented at Internet Exchange Points (IXPs). There has been a significant increase in the number of IXPs in developed countries but take up in developing countries has been slow despite these countries having the most to gain due to the high prices that they pay for international bandwidth. Research has identified that lack of technical skills is a key barrier to the deployment of IXPs in these countries. In particular, although skills exist to maintain an IXP there is a lack of technical expertise to integrate individual tools together to implement an IXP. The goal of this thesis is to develop an integrated IXP solution that could be easily deployed in developing countries. This content of this thesis includes analysis of the requirements for such a solution, development of a design, description of implementation trade-offs and evaluation of a final solution</p>
AS RESSONÂNCIAS DA TEORIA CRÍTICA DA TECNOLOGIA DE ANDREW FEENBERG NA PRÁTICA BIOMÉDICA
Authors: ALVES SOUSA PAULO THIAGO 
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo reflete sobre a ressonância ética e política da teoria crítica da tecnologia de Feenberg na biomedicina, destacando o papel exercido pela chamada cidadania técnica, na compreensão e intervenção da saúde do corpo humano. A partir dessa perspectiva encontra-se desenhada a problematização de uma abordagem bio-ético-política que busca investigar como as tecnologias biomédicas podem estabelecer uma abordagem democrática vinculada à teoria crítica que orienta criticamente a tradução e a implementação tecnológica de projetos biomédicos socialmente engajados. Para cumprir o exposto serão desenvolvidos dois momentos: Primeiro momento apresenta o construtivismo crítico de Feenberg como abordagem filosófica da tecnologia que mais se adequa a uma proposta pragmática de realização democrática da técnica moderna. No segundo momento, partindo de uma interpretação do construtivismo crítico feenbergiano, destaca a articulação bio-ético-política na tecnologia biomédica, com ênfase no cuidado com a saúde do corpo humano. Destaque nesse tópico para o conceito de Medicina ciborgue (adaptado da teoria ciborgue de Donna Haraway) pelo qual o corpo, visto como fusão entre máquina e organismo, personifica o contexto social e político representativo para a intervenção tecnocientífica da biomedicina. Conclui-se que a teoria da cidadania tecnológica pensada por Feenberg possibilita uma reflexão ampla e prolífica sobre a implementação de uma política técnica da participação ativa das pessoas e ética médica humanizada do corpo, valorada pelo cuidado, responsabilidade, respeito e a solidariedade com a vida dos cidadãos, representada por uma reformulação epistemológica e metodológica que conecta o tecnológico aos cuidados sobre a saúde humana. Palavras-chave: Cidadania técnica
La guerra cristera (México, 1926-1929). Una aproximación historiográfica / The Cristero War (Mexico, 1926-1929). A Historiographic Survey
Authors: López Damián 
Published: November 2021

Este artículo pretende exponer las principales líneas y discusiones procedentes del estudio de la denominada guerra cristera mexicana de 1926-1929. En tanto conflicto librado a lo ancho de una gran extensión geográfica, esta guerra afectó a una variedad de grupos sociales como consecuencia del creciente enfrentamiento entre la Iglesia y el naciente Estado revolucionario en México. A través de una selección basada en investigaciones originales (la extensa literatura sobre este tema no siempre cumple con tales requisitos), se intenta delimitar y analizar un conjunto de interpretaciones con objeto de avanzar en el conocimiento de tan complejo acontecimiento.Palabras ClaveGuerra cristera, historiografía, revolución mexicana, Iglesia católica. AbstractThis article is intended to expound the main lines and discussions from the historiographical field relating to the so-called Cristero Mexican War (1926-1929). As an armed conflict waged across a large geographical extension, this war affected a broad range of social groups resulting in the increasing confrontation between the Catholic Church and the incipient revolutionary State in Mexico. Through a selection based upon original research (the wide historical literature on this topic has not always filled this requirement), it attempts to delimit and analyze a set of interpretations to make progress in the knowledge of such a complex event.KeywordsCristero war, historiography, Mexican revolution, Catholic Church.
El ‘Año Vicens Vives’: reflexiones en torno a una conmemoración / Vicens Vives Year: Reflections on a Commemoration
Authors: Adell Ralfas Óscar 
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo analiza los principales aspectos de la conmemoración del centenario del historiador catalán Jaume Vicens Vives, en España. Se refiere tanto al ámbito académico e historiográfico como al “uso público” de dicho historiador. A través de las imágenes difundidas en recuerdo de este historiador, procedentes tanto de debates y líneas de investigación anteriores como del terreno político, se muestran las posibles diferencias, contradicciones incluso, existentes entre las prácticas conmemorativas, de un lado, y la investigación sobre la obra de Vicens Vives y su contexto historiográfico, de otro.Palabras claveVicens Vives, Conmemoración, Memoria, Historiografía española. AbstractThis article is devoted to analysing the salient points of the commemoration of the centennial of the Catalan historian, Jaume Vicens Vives, in Spain. It refers both to his reception into the academic and historiographical field and to his “public uses”. Through the images spread in remembrance of this historian – stemming from the debates and lines of previous works but also from political arena – it is to disscuss the possible differences, even contradictions, between the commemorative practices, on the one hand, and the scientific inquiry on the work of Vicens and his historiographical context, on the other.Key wordsVicens Vives, Commemoration, Memory, Spanish Historiography.
Visiones, enfoques y evidencias: la Cátedra Memoria histórica del siglo XX / Views, Approaches and Evidences: the Chair Historical Memory of the 20th Century
Authors: Aróstegui Julio , Marco Jorge , Gómez Bravo Gutmaro 
Published: November 2021

Este artículo proporciona información esencial sobre la institución académica española Cátedra Memoria Histórica del siglo XX (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) (España), sus proyectos, líneas de investigación y actividades desarrolladas desde su fundación en 2004 y, particularmente, desde 2011. En los últimos años España ha sufrido un profundo cambio social, convirtiéndose la memoria de la guerra civil en materia de polémica social, política y académica. Como resultado de este cambio, las ciencias sociales han profundizado en una renovación metodológica que la Cátedra intenta reflejar con sus investigaciones, debates y actividades divulgativas.Palabras claveMemoria histórica, violencia, represión, genocidio. AbstractThis article provides essential information on the Spanish academic Chair of Historical Memory of the 20th Century (Cátedra Memoria Histórica del siglo XX) at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain), together with its projects, research and activities since the institution was founded in 2004, and especially from 2011 onwards. During the past few decades, Spain has undergone a profound social change, with the memory of the Civil War becoming a matter of social, political and academic controversy. As a result of this change, the social sciences have been through a process of deep methodological renewal, which the Chair attempts to reflect with its research, debates and outreach activities.Key wordsHistorical memory, violence, repression, genocide.
Meta-analysis of the clinical performance of commercial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and antibody tests up to 22 August 2020
Authors: Van Walle Ivo , Leitmeyer Katrin , Broberg Eeva K ,   the European COVID-19 microbiological laboratories group
Published: November 2021

Background
Reliable testing for SARS-CoV-2 is key for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim
We estimate diagnostic accuracy for nucleic acid and antibody tests 5 months into the COVID-19 pandemic, and compare with manufacturer-reported accuracy.

Methods
We reviewed the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and antibody tests based on 93,757 test results from 151 published studies and 20,205 new test results from 12 countries in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA).

Results
Pooling the results and considering only results with 95% confidence interval width ≤ 5%, we found four nucleic acid tests, including one point-of-care test and three antibody tests, with a clinical sensitivity ≥ 95% for at least one target population (hospitalised, mild or asymptomatic, or unknown). Nine nucleic acid tests and 25 antibody tests, 12 of them point-of-care tests, had a clinical specificity of ≥ 98%. Three antibody tests achieved both thresholds. Evidence for nucleic acid point-of-care tests remains scarce at present, and sensitivity varied substantially. Study heterogeneity was low for eight of 14 sensitivity and 68 of 84 specificity results with confidence interval width ≤ 5%, and lower for nucleic acid tests than antibody tests. Manufacturer-reported clinical performance was significantly higher than independently assessed in 11 of 32 and four of 34 cases, respectively, for sensitivity and specificity, indicating a need for improvement in this area.

Conclusion
Continuous monitoring of clinical performance within more clearly defined target populations is needed.
Archival literacy: um diálogo da Arquivologia com a Competência em Informação.
Authors: Furtado Renata Lira , Santos Felipe Cesár Almeida dos 
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo mapear a produção acadêmico-científica em torno da Archival Literacy em âmbito internacional, visando apresentar elementos que contribuam para a compreensão do estado da arte desta temática. Para o alcance desse objetivo recorreu-se a Revisão Bibliográfica Sistemática como metodologia de pesquisa, este método, reconhecido por ser metódico, transparente e reaplicável, permite com que o pesquisador trabalhe um elevado número de dados e assim expor o estado da arte da temática em debate, devido seus procedimentos rígidos e sistemáticos divididos em três fases: Entrada, Processamento e Saída. Na primeira fase, elaborou-se o protocolo de pesquisa que orientou o processo de coleta de dados, realizado a partir de “buscas simples” sem a aplicação de qualquer tipo de filtros, visando recuperar o maior número possível de resultados, no Portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e na Library & Information Science Abstracts. Para a segunda fase, com a somatória dos dois resultados obteve-se 91 trabalhos, entre artigos e teses, para a análise aplicou-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão e exclusão: (1) acesso, (2) repetição e (3) aderência ao tema resultando um total de 9 trabalhos. Dessa forma, à partir da análise dos dados na terceira fase, observando um campo fértil, entretanto, com baixa incidência de pesquisas acadêmico-científicas voltadas à compreensão da relação existente entre a tríade Competência em Informação - Archival Literacy - Arquivologia.