bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Efficacy of Intravenous Ketorolac to that of Intravenous Pethidine in Pain Suppression in Patients with Biliary Colic
Authors: Hashemian Amir Masoud , Bameri Omid , Farzaneh Roohie , Sharifabad Amir Rahmanian , Maleki Fatemeh , Foroughian Mahdi , Sharifi Mohammad Davood 
Published: February 2021

Aim: The study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous administration of the NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) ketorolac to that of intravenous administration of the opioid pethidine in the suppression of pain in patients with biliary colic.
Methodology: The present study is a trial study. Among all the biliary colic patients in Mashhad Referral Hospital Emergency in Iran, 58 patients with inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling. They were randomly divided into two groups of 29 patients. In the first group, 1 mg/kg IV pethidine, and in the second group, 30 mg IV ketorolac was injected. The pain severity was assessed prior to the treatment and 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the onset of the treatment using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and Chi-square tests.
Findings: The patients' mean age was 45±15 years old (age ranged from 30 to 60 years old). The results showed no significant relationship between pain suppression and medicine type after 15 minutes (P=0.5), 30 minutes (P=0.6), and 1 hour (P=0.7). It means that pethidine and ketorolac have an equal effect on pain suppression in patients with biliary colic. Also, the more time passes from the injection, the more the medicines suppress pain.
Conclusion: the results of this study show that the efficacy of NSAIDs in the suppression of moderate to severe pain; therefore, a plan to use NSAIDs instead of narcotics for this purpose is essential.
Prevalence of Malaria with Anaemia and HIV Status in Women of Reproductive Age in Onitsha, Nigeria
Authors: Ezeoru Vivian Chinenye , Enweani Ifeoma Bessie , Ochiabuto Ogochukwu , Nwachukwu Anthonia Chinwe , Ogbonna Ugoy Sonia , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi 
Published: February 2021

The major health problems affecting pregnant women in sub-Saharan African are anaemia, malaria and HIV. A case-control study aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria, anaemia and HIV status among women of reproductive age between 20-49 years attending General Hospital, Onitsha was conducted. Blood samples of three hundred and sixty-two apparently healthy gravid women attending antenatal and 181 non-gravid apparently healthy women in Onitsha were recruited using random sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Haemoglobin was estimated using automated method, Malaria, diagnosed microscopically using gold standard staining method and HIV screened using qualitative immunochromatographic method, confirmed molecularly. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Results revealed that out of the 362 pregnant test groups,125 (34.5%) had malaria parasite (mp) in their blood and were anaemic 53(37.6%) though fewer in control groups ;23,14 (12.7%; 16.1%) (p = 0.195; p =0.055). Out of 347 HIV sero-negative pregnant women, 110 (31.7%) tested HIV positive when confirmed by PCR molecular method while only 1(0.6%) sero-negative controls were confirmed positive with molecular method with statistical significance observed in the test and control groups (p = 0.000; p = 0.000). However, as pregnancy affects HIV serology testing, it is necessary to use molecular method to increase its sensitivity and more enlightment programmes on the importance of balanced diet, compliance to Malaria control and routine gynecological drugs intake in pregnant women.
3137 fetuses in 33 years: What we have learned from the Wisconsin stillbirth service program
Authors: McPherson Elizabeth W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program (WiSSP) provided expert review by a dysmorphologist for community‐acquired data on 3137 fetal deaths between 1983 and 2017. Intrinsic fetal causes were consistently identified in about 25% while placental and maternal causes were recognized with increasing frequency as attention was shifted from a primarily fetal to a multifocal approach. Identification of causes increased from 40% to 78% and in about half of cases results of the review altered recurrence risk and/or future pregnancy management. Banked data from WiSSP formed the basis of 24 publications, more than half of which have a genetic counselor and/or summer premedical student intern as an author. The earlier publications emphasized validation of the concept of community‐based evaluation with central review, the utility of various parts of the WiSSP protocol, the similarity of second‐trimester miscarriages <20 weeks to later stillbirths with respect to causes identified and recurrence risks, and the potential for results of etiologic evaluation to influence future prenatal care. The most important recurrent theme, however, was the interaction of intrinsic fetal, placental, and maternal factors in contributing to fetal demise. This implies that, at least in developed nations with available obstetric care, reduction in stillbirth will require careful attention to the myriad of factors contributing to fetal, placental, and maternal well‐being.
Palladium‐Phenylpyrazolylphosphine‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkenyl Pivalates
Authors: Chen Zicong , So Chau Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions are indispensable tools for C−C bond formation, and new catalyst development remains a powerful driving force in this field. In this study, a new type of easily accessible phenylpyrazole phosphine ligand is developed. The catalyst generated from Pd(OAc)2 and PP‐Phos (L15) is highly effective in the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of alkenyl pivalates with organomagnesium reagents. The reaction accommodates a broad scope of alkenyl carboxylates under mild conditions, providing an alternative but practical way to the synthesis of multi‐substituted alkenes in value.
Facile synthesis of alginate‐based calcium tungstate composite: A thermally stable blue emitting phosphor
Authors: Cheng Wen , Zhang Qing , Xue Yun , Wang Yanwei , Zhou Xiaodong , Li Zichao , Li Qun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe alginate‐based calcium tungstate composite was fabricated by a facile and eco‐friendly one‐step crosslinking process combining with the freeze‐drying method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) were employed to characterize the structures, morphologies, thermal stabilities, and optical properties of the synthesized composite materials. The obtained results demonstrate that the alginate‐based calcium tungstate composite presented a special porous network architecture with tetragonal scheelite‐type calcium tungstate microspheres attached. A possible synthesis mechanism was proposed based on the experimental data. Moreover, the PL data confirmed the broadband emission of the composite with its maximum at 438 nm that located in the blue emitting region. This study provides the alginate‐based calcium tungstate composite with unique morphology and good thermal stability as well as lays a foundation for its application in the field of PL.
Interdisziplinäre Bestandserfassung zur Bewertung und Injektionskontrolle des Schwarza‐Witznaustollens
Authors: Patitz Gabriele , Hübner Markus , Stolz Daniel , Render Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDer Schwarza‐Witznaustollen ist ein zur Schluchseewerk AG gehörender, ca. 9 200 m langer Triebwasserstollen mit einer unbewehrten Betonauskleidung. Der Zustand dieses im Zeitraum von 1929 bis 1943 erbauten Stollens wurde im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts mit zerstörungsfreien Erkundungsverfahren wie Orthofotos und Stollenradar in interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit von Bauingenieuren, Geophysikern und Vermessungsingenieuren erfasst, dokumentiert und bewertet. Als Basis für die Entwicklung und Planung eines Sanierungskonzepts erfolgte die Kontrolle der ausgeführten Probeinjektionen mit Stollenradar in mehreren ausgewählten Abschnitten. Anhand von Datensätzen identischer Vorher‐Nachher‐Messungen des Stollenradars konnten signifikante Veränderungen in der Betonauskleidung abgestuft über verschiedene Bauteiltiefen analysiert und bewertet werden. Es ist naheliegend, dass diese auf die erfolgten Injektionen zurückzuführen sind. Das betrifft zum einen Injektionen innerhalb der Betonschale und den Grenzbereich Beton–Fels und zum anderen Veränderungen der anstehenden Wasserfront in der Stollenlängsrichtung und Stollenwandtiefe. Mittels gezielter kalibrierender Voll‐ bzw. Kernbohrungen und Videoendoskopien wurden die physikalischen Messwerte des Stollenradars verifiziert.
Embryonic movement stimulates joint formation and development: Implications in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Authors: Zhou Haodong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a heterogeneous syndrome where multiple joints have reduced range of motion due to contracture formation prior to birth. A common cause of AMC is reduced embryonic movement in utero. This reduction in embryonic movement can perturb molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of joints during development. The absence of mechanical stimuli can impair joint cavitation, resulting in joint fusion, and ultimately eliminate function. In turn, mechanical stimuli are critical for proper joint formation during development and for mitigating AMC. Studies in experimental animal models have provided a greater understanding on the molecular pathophysiology of congenital contracture formation as a consequence of embryonic immobilization. Elucidation of how the mechanical signaling environment is transduced to initiate a biological response will be necessary to gain a deeper understanding of how mechanical stimuli are intertwined in the molecular regulation of joint development.
A randomized, double‐blind, phase II study of oral histone deacetylase inhibitor resminostat plus S‐1 versus placebo plus S‐1 in biliary tract cancers previously treated with gemcitabine plus platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Ueno Makoto , Morizane Chigusa , Furukawa Masayuki , Sakai Daisuke , Komatsu Yoshito , Nakai Yousuke , Tsuda Masahiro , Ozaka Masato , Mizuno Nobumasa , Muto Manabu , Fukutomi Akira , Ikeda Masafumi , Tsuji Akihito , Katanuma Akio , Moriwaki Toshikazu , Kajiwara Takeshi , Ishii Hiroshi , Negoro Yuji , Shimizu Satoshi , Nemoto Noriko , Kobayashi Shingo , Makino Keigo , Furuse Junji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeEffective second‐line chemotherapy options are limited in treating advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Resminostat is an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor. Such inhibitors increase sensitivity to fluorouracil, the active form of S‐1. In the phase I study, addition of resminostat to S‐1 was suggested to have promising efficacy for pre‐treated BTCs. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of resminostat plus S‐1 in second‐line therapy for BTCs.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to receive resminostat or placebo (200 mg orally per day; days 1–5 and 8–12) and S‐1 group (80–120 mg orally per day by body surface area; days 1–14) over a 21‐day cycle. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints comprised overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety.ResultsAmong 101 patients enrolled, 50 received resminostat+S‐1 and 51 received placebo+S‐1. Median PFS was 2.9 months for resminostat+S‐1 vs. 3.0 months for placebo+S‐1 (HR: 1.154, 95% CI: 0.759–1.757, p = 0.502); median OS was 7.8 months vs. 7.5 months, respectively (HR: 1.049, 95% CI: 0.653–1.684, p = 0.834); the RR and DCR were 6.0% vs. 9.8% and 70.0% vs. 78.4%, respectively. Treatment‐related adverse events (TrAEs) of grade ≥ 3 occurring more frequently (≥10% difference) in the resminostat+S‐1 than in the placebo+S‐1 comprised platelet count decreased (18.0% vs. 2.0%) and decreased appetite (16.0% vs. 2.0%).ConclusionsResminostat plus S‐1 therapy improved neither PFS nor OS for patients with pre‐treated BTCs. Addition of resminostat to S‐1 was associated with higher incidence of TrAEs, but these were manageable (JapicCTI‐183883).
Potential reduction of hospital stay length with outpatient management of low‐risk febrile neutropenia in a regional cancer center
Authors: Nguyen Mike , Jacobson Tate , Torres Javier , Wann Alysson 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFebrile neutropenia is a serious complication of chemotherapy. The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index score identifies patients at low risk of serious complications. Outpatient management programs have been successfully piloted in other Australian metropolitan cancer centers.AimTo assess current management of febrile neutropenia at our regional cancer center and determine potential impacts of an outpatient management program.MethodWe performed a retrospective review of medical records for all patients admitted at our regional institution with febrile neutropenia between 1 January 2016, and 31 December 2018. We collected information regarding patient characteristics, determined the MASCC risk index score, and if low risk, we determined the eligibility for outpatient care and potential reduction in length of stay and cost benefit.ResultsA total of 98 hospital admissions were identified. Of these, 66 had a MASCC low‐risk index score. Fifty‐eight patients met the eligibility criteria for outpatient management. Seventy‐one percent were female. The most common tumor type was breast cancer. Forty‐eight percent were treated with curative intent. The median length of stay was 3 days. The median potential reduction in length of stay for each admission was 2 days. The total potential reduction in length of stay was 198 days. No admission resulted in serious complications.ConclusionThis review demonstrates a significant number of hospital admission days can be avoided. We intend to conduct a prospective pilot study at our center to institute an outpatient management program for such low‐risk patients with potential reduction in hospital length of stay. This will have significant implications on health resource usage, service provision planning, and patient quality of life.
Over time variation in microsatellite patterns in a natural wild potato population from northwest Argentina
Authors: Leofanti Gabriela Agustina , Camadro Elsa Lucila , Erazzú Luis Ernesto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe common potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48), has 100–200 related wild taxonomic species endemic to the Americas, which constitute invaluable sources of genetic diversity. They form a polyploid series with 2n = 2x – 6x (x = 12) and can reproduce asexually by tubers and stolons and/or sexually by seeds. Information is scarce on their preponderant mode of reproduction and its consequences on the genetic population structure over time. In previous work, a morphologically variable wild potato population from northwestern Argentina was sampled in two consecutive years. Two populations were ex situ regenerated from the sampled propagules (seeds in 2013 and tubers in 2014) for morphological and reproductive studies; these populations exhibited differences in reproductive behavior that could not be related to morphological phenotypes. To ascertain if the observed differences could be related to the captured genetic diversity in each year, a molecular analysis was carried out with seven microsatellite primer pairs located in seven chromosomes of the basic set. The captured genetic diversity, based on the proportion of individuals with a unique pattern of amplified fragments, varied significantly (χ2 α = .05) between sampling years. This could be due to changes in the preponderant mode of reproduction, differential genotype fitness resulting from genotype × environment interactions, or both. Wild potato accessions at germplasm banks are one‐time collection samples; thus, they may not be representative of the genetic diversity of the sampled population. To properly ex situ conserve the available genetic diversity, it is advisable to resample the sites whenever possible and to conform each accession with the successive samples.
Managing propagule pressure to prevent invasive species establishments: propagule size, number, and risk–release curve
Authors: Stringham Oliver C. , Lockwood Julie L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that keeping propagule pressure low can drastically reduce establishment probability of potential invasive species. Yet, most management plans and research efforts fail to explicitly acknowledge all three of the components of propagule pressure: size, number, and the risk–release relationship. It is unclear how failing to specify one or more of these components can influence the efficacy of management plans in preventing invasive species establishment. Furthermore, even if all components are acknowledged and quantified, there currently is no mathematical tool available to calculate the levels of propagule pressure that ensure attainment of a predetermined, and system‐specific, target establishment probability. Here, we quantify the resulting uncertainty in establishment probability when one or more components of propagule pressure is unknown by using parameter uncertainty analysis on realistic values of propagule pressure. In addition, to aid in the development of management plans that explicitly set propagule pressure limits, we develop a propagule‐pressure sensitivity analysis that we use to determine the required reduction in levels for propagule size and number (representative of management actions) to maintain a target establishment probability. We show that the precision of establishment estimates is highly dependent on knowledge of all three propagule pressure components, where the possible range of values for establishment probability can vary by over 50% without full specification. In addition, our sensitivity analysis showed that propagule size and number can be altered independently or in conjunction to lower establishment probability below a target level. Importantly, our sensitivity analysis was able to specifically quantify how much reduction in a propagule pressure component(s) is needed to reach a given target establishment probability. Our findings suggest that quantifying the three components of propagule pressure should be a priority for invasive species prevention moving forward. Furthermore, our sensitivity analysis tool can serve to guide the development of new invasive species management plans in a transparent and quantitative manner. Together with information on the costs associated with approaches to reducing propagule pressure, our tool can be used to identify the most cost‐effective approach to prevent invasive species establishments.
The applicability of eDNA metabarcoding approaches for sessile benthic surveying in the Kimberley region, north‐western Australia
Authors: West Katrina M. , Adam Arne A. S. , White Nicole , Robbins William D. , Barrow Daniel , Lane Adrian , T. Richards Zoe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe application of environmental DNA technologies is a promising new approach to rapidly audit biodiversity across large‐scale, remote regions. Here, we examine the efficacy of a dual‐assay eDNA metabarcoding approach for sessile benthic bioassessments in the turbid waters of the Lalang‐garram marine parks, Kimberley, north‐western Australia. We ask three principal questions: (1) “Is the eDNA released by sessile benthic taxa (i.e., hard and soft corals, sponges and tunicates) locally detectable?”, (2) “What level of taxonomic resolution is afforded by eDNA metabarcoding using the ITS2 region?”, and (3) “How well does eDNA metabarcoding compare to conventional benthic survey techniques?”. We report that a dual‐assay eDNA metabarcoding approach can detect approximately 70% of the local benthic taxa (i.e., at a species, genus level). It is, however, not as effective at the individual/population level, detecting only approximately 40% of unique amplicon sequence variant (ASV) signals released by an array of individual benthic organisms at the surveyed locations. In examining the efficacy and resolution of the applied ITS2 metabarcoding markers for bioassessments, we report large gaps in the variety of publicly available benthic ITS2 reference sequence data, limiting our ability to provide robust taxonomic assignments. These findings highlight the need to extend ITS2 databases for greater regional representation. Until this is adequately addressed, we recommend that investigating taxonomic assignments to a genus level is the most robust approach for benthic monitoring using eDNA. Lastly, we found eDNA metabarcoding and conventional belt transect surveys each detected numerous unique hard coral genera, indicating that a combined approach provides the most effective way to audit benthic biodiversity. This point notwithstanding, eDNA metabarcoding had the power to distinguish similar diversity trends between sites to that determined by the belt transect methodology, validating the application of eDNA metabarcoding as either a stand‐alone, or complementary technique for assessing sessile benthic taxa.
Sex differences in hippocampal connectivity during spatial long‐term memory
Authors: Spets Dylan S. , Fritch Haley A. , Slotnick Scott D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSex differences in brain activity have been reported across various types of long‐term memory. To our knowledge, sex differences in functional connectivity during long‐term memory have not been investigated. A previous study on the structural connectome identified that female brains have a greater degree of interhemispheric connectivity than males, whereas males have a greater degree of intrahemispheric connectivity than females. The aim of the current investigation was twofold: (a) identify which brain regions were functionally connected to the hippocampus during spatial long‐term memory, and (b) determine if there were sex differences in the functionally connected regions. During the study phase, abstract shapes were presented to the left or right of fixation. During the test phase, abstract shapes were presented at fixation and participants classified each item as previously on the “left” or “right”. A hippocampal region of interest (ROI) was identified by contrasting spatial memory hits and misses. The peak coordinate from this ROI was used to define the center of a sphere that was used as the seed for the functional connectivity analysis. The connectivity analysis produced many connected activations including the medial posterior frontal cortex, lateral posterior frontal cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and caudate/putamen. Although there were no regions with greater connectivity in females than males, the male versus female comparison produced connected activations in the medial posterior frontal cortex, anterior prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and cingulate sulcus. Females also had greater interhemispheric connectivity than males. The current findings suggest collapsing across sex in cognitive neuroscience studies may not be warranted.