bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of Polyisoprene Physical Interactions on Sorting of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mburu Maina Moses , Au‐Duong Ai‐Nhan , Li Wei‐Ting , Wu Chung‐Ching , Cheng Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Kai‐Lin , Chiang Wei‐Hung , Chiu Yu‐Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConjugated polymer sorting is currently the best method to select large‐diameter single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with tunable narrow chirality in the adaption of highly desired electronics applications. The acceleration on conjugated polymers–SWCNTs interaction with long‐term stability through different molecular designs; for example, longer alkyl side‐chains or conjugation moieties have been extensively developed in recent years. However, the importance of the macromolecules with abundant van der Waals (VDW) interaction in the conjugated‐based block copolymer system acting during SWCNTs sorting is not clearly demonstrated. In this work, a conjugated diblock copolymer involving polyisoprene (PI) and highly dense π‐interaction of poly (9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) is utilized to investigate the impact of natural rubber PI physical interaction on sorting effectiveness and stability. Through the rational design of diblock copolymer, PFO with ≈1200 isoprene units can remarkably enhance SWCNTs sorting ability and selected few chiralities with a diameter of ≈0.83–1.1 nm and highly stable solution for more than 1 year. The introduction of long‐chain PI system is attributed not only to form weak VDW force with SWCNTs and strengthen the wrapping of PFO around the semiconducting SWCNTs but also to act as a barrier among nanotubes to prevent reaggregation of sorted SWCNTs.
The c‐di‐AMP signaling system influences stress tolerance and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mitis
Authors: Rørvik Gro Herredsvela , Naemi Ali‐Oddin , Edvardsen Per Kristian Thorén , Simm Roger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStreptococcus mitis is a commensal bacterial species of the oral cavity, with the potential for opportunistic pathogenesis. For successful colonization, S. mitis must be able to adhere to surfaces of the oral cavity and survive and adapt to frequently changing environmental conditions. Cyclic‐di‐AMP (c‐di‐AMP) is a nucleotide second messenger, involved in the regulation of stress responses and biofilm formation in several bacterial species. Cyclic‐di‐AMP is produced by diadenylate cyclases and degraded by phosphodiesterases. We have previously shown that in S. mitis, one diadenylate cyclase (CdaA) and at least two phosphodiesterases (Pde1 and Pde2) regulate the intracellular concentration of c‐di‐AMP. In this study, we utilized S. mitis deletion mutants of cdaA, pde1, and pde2 to analyze the role of c‐di‐AMP signaling in various stress responses, biofilm formation, and adhesion to eukaryotic cells. Here, we demonstrate that the Δpde1 mutant displayed a tendency toward increased susceptibility to acetic acid at pH 4.0. Deletion of cdaA increases auto‐aggregation of S. mitis but reduces biofilm formation on an abiotic surface. These phenotypes are more pronounced under acidic extracellular conditions. Inactivation of pde1 or pde2 reduced the tolerance to ciprofloxacin, and UV radiation and the Δpde1 mutant was more susceptible to Triton X‐100, indicating a role for c‐di‐AMP signaling in responses to DNA damage and cell membrane perturbation. Finally, the Δpde2 mutant displayed a tendency toward a reduced ability to adhere to oral keratinocytes. Taken together, our results indicate an important role for c‐di‐AMP signaling in cellular processes important for colonization of the mouth.
Teleconnection patterns in the Southern Hemisphere represented by ECMWF and NCEP S2S project models and influences on South America precipitation
Authors: Cavalcanti Iracema F. A. , Barreto Naurinete J. C. , Alvarez Mariano S. , Osman Marisol , Coelho Caio A. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrecipitation predictions in the sub‐seasonal timescale are very important for several sectors such as agriculture and energy in regions of South America that are very much affected by precipitation extremes, both excess and lack of rain. The aim of the present study is to investigate the ability of two S2S project models (ECMWF and NCEP) to detect the Southern Hemisphere teleconnections in model hindcasts and the associated anomalous precipitation over South America. The period of analyses is 1999–2010 for the austral summer season (December–January–February). Both models represented adequately the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) pattern in predictions up to 4 weeks ahead and the Pacific South America (PSA) pattern up to 3 weeks. Atmospheric variables of observed extreme cases of SAM were well predicted by the two models, 2 and 3 weeks in advance. The models predicted well atmospheric variables in observed extreme cases of PSA, 2 weeks in advance and with less intensity in the third week. Precipitation anomaly signals associated with these modes were well predicted 2 weeks in advance, although with different intensities. The good ability of the models hindcast in predicting teleconnection patterns and precipitation anomalies over South America provides more confidence to use predictions at sub‐seasonal timescale.
Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in forensic chemistry
Authors: Draper Sarah L. , McCarney Evan R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique well known for its ability to elucidate structures and analyse mixtures and its quantitative nature. However, the cost and maintenance of high field NMR instruments prevent its widespread use by forensic chemists. The introduction of benchtop NMR spectrometers to the market operating at 40–80 MHz have a small footprint, are easy to use and cost much less than high field instruments, which makes them well suited to meet the needs of forensic chemists. These modern low field spectrometers are often capable of running multiple nuclei including 1H, 13C, 19F and 31P; 2D NMR experiments and advanced experiments such as solvent suppression and diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) are possible. This has resulted in a number of publications in the area of forensic chemistry using benchtop NMR spectroscopy in the last 5 years that was previously missing from the literature. This mini review summarises this research including examples of benchtop NMR being used to identify and quantify compounds relevant to forensics and some advanced methods that may be used to overcome some of the limitations of these instruments for forensic analysis. Further validation and automation are likely required for widespread uptake of benchtop NMR in industry; however, it has been demonstrated as a useful complement to other analytical techniques commonplace of forensic laboratories.
Hybrid‐pair ratio adjustable power splitters for add‐on RF shimming and array‐compressed parallel transmission
Authors: Zhu Yue , Lu Ming , Grissom William A. , Gore John C. , Yan Xinqiang 
Published: July 2021

PurposeA ratio adjustable power splitter (RAPS) circuit was recently proposed for add‐on RF shimming and array‐compressed parallel transmission. Here we propose a new RAPS circuit design based on off‐the‐shelf components for improved performance and manufacturability.Theory and MethodsThe original RAPS used a pair of home‐built Wilkinson splitter and hybrid coupler connected by a pair of connectorized coaxial cables. Here we propose a new hybrid‐pair RAPS (or HP‐RAPS) circuit that replaces the home‐built circuits with two commercially available hybrid couplers and replaces connectorized cables with interchangeable microstrip lines. We derive the relation between the desired splitting ratio and the required phase shifts for HP‐RAPS and investigate how to generate arbitrary splitting ratios using paired meandering and straight lines. Several HP‐RAPSs with different splitting ratios were fabricated and tested on the workbench and MRI experiments.ResultsThe splitting ratio of an HP‐RAPS circuit has a tan or cot dependence on the meandering line’s additional length compared to the straight line. The fabricated HP‐RAPSs exhibit accurate splitting ratios as expected (<4% deviations) and generate transmit fields that well agree with predicted fields. They also demonstrated a low insertion loss of 0.33 dB, high output isolation of −26 dB, and acceptable impedance matching of −16 dB.ConclusionA novel HP‐RAPS circuit was developed and implemented. It is easy‐to‐fabricate/reproduce with minimal expertise. It also preserves the features of the original RAPS circuit (ratio‐adjustable, small footprint, etc.) with lower insertion loss.
Preparations, properties and applications of gallium oxide nanomaterials – A review
Authors: Shi Feng , Qiao Hengyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGallium oxide (Ga2O3) is an important wide bandgap transparent conductive oxide with many excellent properties, which is widely used in many fields such as catalysis, electroluminescence, biology, and so on. This review mainly introduces the researches on the preparation, properties and applications of gallium oxide nanomaterials. Initially, the preparation of gallium oxide by hydrothermal method has been highlighted and the effects of hydrothermal conditions on the morphologies and sizes of the final products were summarized. Furthermore, the unique properties of gallium oxide in the fields of electricity, gas, heat, and biomedicine are introduced, and the excellent luminescent properties of gallium oxide are emphasized. Additionally, this review mainly introduces the applications of gallium oxide in the fields of catalysis, gas sensors, optoelectronic devices, high voltage electronic devices and biomedicine. Finally, the problems and shortcomings in current research on gallium oxide nanomaterials are discussed and the opinions and prospects are put forward for the future perspective of the research in gallium oxide nanomaterials.
A binomial decision tree to manage yield‐uncertainty in multi‐round academic admissions processes
Authors: Ganguly Subhamoy , Basu Ranojoy , Nagarajan Viswanathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdmissions to academic programs often involve filling a number of seats by making offers to a ranked list of qualified candidates over a finite number of rounds. Two sources of uncertainty need consideration when making admission offers: first, a random fraction of offers is accepted by applicants; and second, a random fraction of applicants who initially indicate acceptance subsequently withdraw. We develop a binomial decision‐tree model to determine the number of admission offers to be made while considering (a) the expected costs of exceeding or falling short of target enrollment, and (b) the fact that the more competitive students are also less likely to enroll. Insights from the model are validated using a multi‐year empirical dataset of admission offers, acceptances and post‐acceptance withdrawals for an MBA program. We find that having multiple rounds to make offers helps admissions offices achieve enrollment targets with greater precision. Additional rounds are particularly valuable when the uncertainty of yield rate is high. In a counterintuitive result, we identify conditions under which the recommended number of offers increases with the uncertainty in yield. We also show that it might be possible to improve the quality of an admitted class by sending out more offers sooner.
Oncology Expanded Access and FDA's Project Facilitate
Authors: Scepura Barbara , Chan Mitchell , Kim Tamy , Boehmer Jessica , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The Oncology Center of Excellence at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration launched Project Facilitate on May 31, 2019, to assist oncology health care providers with Expanded Access requests for investigational drugs. Expanded Access, sometimes called “compassionate use,” is a regulatory pathway for physicians caring for patients who have a life-threatening condition or a serious disease to gain access to an investigational drug for treatment when no comparable or satisfactory alternative treatment options are available. Herein we describe the Project Facilitate program and the process for requesting Expanded Access to an investigational drug.
Improving vitamin D testing and supplementation in children with newly diagnosed cancer: A quality improvement initiative at Rady Children's Hospital San Diego
Authors: Shliakhtsitsava Ksenya , Fisher Erin Stucky , Trovillion Erin M. , Bush Kelly , Kuo Dennis John , Newfield Ron S. , Thornburg Courtney D. , Roberts William , Aristizabal Paula 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency and insufficiency have been associated with poorer health outcomes. Children with cancer are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. At our institution, we identified high variability in vitamin D testing and supplementation in this population. Of those tested, 65% were vitamin D deficient/insufficient. We conducted a quality improvement (QI) initiative with aim to improve vitamin D testing and supplementation among children aged 2–18 years with newly diagnosed cancer to ≥80% over 6 months.MethodsAn inter‐professional team reviewed baseline data, then developed and implemented interventions using Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycles. Barriers were identified using QI tools, including lack of automated triggers for testing and inconsistent supplementation criteria and follow‐up testing post supplementation. Interventions included an institutional vitamin D guideline, clinical decision‐making tree for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency, electronic medical record triggers, and automated testing options.ResultsBaseline: N = 26 patients, four (15%) had baseline vitamin D testing; two (8%) received appropriate supplementation. Postintervention: N = 33 patients; 32 (97%) had baseline vitamin D testing; 33 (100%) received appropriate supplementation and completed follow‐up testing timely (6–8 weeks post supplementation). Change was sustained over 24 months.ConclusionsWe achieved and sustained our aim for vitamin D testing and supplementation in children with newly diagnosed cancer through inter‐professional collaboration of hematology/oncology, endocrinology, hospital medicine, pharmacy, nursing, and information technology. Future PDSA cycles will address patient compliance with vitamin D supplementation and impact on patients’ vitamin D levels.
The use of narrative electronic prescribing instructions in pharmacoepidemiology: A scoping review for the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Romanelli Robert J. , Schwartz Naomi R. M. , Dixon William G. , Rodriguez‐Watson Carla , Sauer Brian C. , Albright Dawn , Marcum Zachary A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNarrative electronic prescribing instructions (NEPIs) are text that convey information on the administration or co‐administration of a drug as directed by a prescriber. For researchers, NEPIs have the potential to advance our understanding of the risks and benefits of medications in populations; however, due to their unstructured nature, they are not often utilized. The goal of this scoping review was to evaluate how NEPIs are currently employed in research, identify opportunities and challenges for their broader application, and provide recommendations on their future use. The scoping review comprised a comprehensive literature review and a survey of key stakeholders. From the literature review, we identified 33 primary articles that described the use of NEPIs. The majority of articles (n = 19) identified issues with the quality of information in NEPIs compared with structured prescribing information; nine articles described the development of novel algorithms that performed well in extracting information from NEPIs, and five described the used of manual or simpler algorithms to extract prescribing information from NEPIs. A survey of 19 stakeholders indicated concerns for the quality of information in NEPIs and called for standardization of NEPIs to reduce data variability/errors. Nevertheless, stakeholders believed NEPIs present an opportunity to identify prescriber's intent for the prescription and to study temporal treatment patterns. In summary, NEPIs hold much promise for advancing the field of pharmacoepidemiology. Researchers should take advantage of addressing important questions that can be uniquely answered with NEPIs, but exercise caution when using this information and carefully consider the quality of the data.
A consistently compressibleMooney‐Rivlinmodel for the vulcanized rubber based on the Penn's experimental data
Authors: Peng Xiangfeng , Han Lei , Li Luxian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBased on the Penn's experimental data, a consistently compressible Mooney‐Rivlin model is developed for the vulcanized rubber. First, the Penn's experimental data are re‐analyzed, which show the near incompressibility. Next, the incompressible Mooney‐Rivlin model and three conventional types of compressible model are studied for the vulcanized rubber, which exhibit an apparent inconsistence with the incompressible model due to the dissimilar initial shear modulus. Finally, a consistently compressible model with extra constants is proposed, which obeys the normalization conditions and the consistent conditions, and a procedure to identify model constants is suggested, and then applied to the Penn's experimental data. The consistently compressible Mooney model is eventually established for the vulcanized rubber, and then compared with other four hyper‐elastic models.
Review on vacuum ultraviolet generation in low‐pressure plasmas
Authors: Popović Dean , Mozetič Miran , Vesel Alenka , Primc Gregor , Zaplotnik Rok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLow‐pressure nonequilibrium plasmas can be a source of intense radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) range which can play an important role in the surface modification of solid materials. Herein, we review the available literature on VUV radiation from low‐pressure gaseous plasmas sustained by inductively and capacitively coupled radiofrequency discharges, microwave, and magnetized discharges. The reported VUV fluxes range from about 1014–1017 photons cm−2·s−1 while electron density range from 109 to 1012 cm−3. The correlations between the measured VUV fluxes and parameters, such as gas pressure, electron density, and discharge power are shown. The results summarized in this study represent a rough guide for the scientists involved in plasma–surface interactions. As the flux of VUV photons depends on numerous parameters, it is currently only possible to estimate its order of magnitude.
Deciphering CAD: Structure and function of a mega‐enzymatic pyrimidine factory in health and disease
Authors: del Caño‐Ochoa Francisco , Ramón‐Maiques Santiago 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCAD is a 1.5 MDa particle formed by hexameric association of a 250 kDa protein divided into different enzymatic domains, each catalyzing one of the initial reactions for de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides: glutaminase‐dependent Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, Aspartate transcarbamoylase, and Dihydroorotase. The pathway for de novo pyrimidine synthesis is essential for cell proliferation and is conserved in all living organisms, but the covalent linkage of the first enzymatic activities into a multienzymatic CAD particle is unique to animals. In other organisms, these enzymatic activities are encoded as monofunctional proteins for which there is abundant structural and biochemical information. However, the knowledge about CAD is scarce and fragmented. Understanding CAD requires not only to determine the three‐dimensional structures and define the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of the different enzymatic domains, but also to comprehend how these domains entangle and work in a coordinated and regulated manner. This review summarizes significant progress over the past 10 years toward the characterization of CAD's architecture, function, regulatory mechanisms, and cellular compartmentalization, as well as the recent finding of a new and rare neurometabolic disorder caused by defects in CAD activities.
Evolutionary models of amino acid substitutions based on the tertiary structure of their neighborhoods
Authors: Primetis Elias , Chavlis Spyridon , Pavlidis Pavlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntra‐protein residual vicinities depend on the involved amino acids. Energetically favorable vicinities (or interactions) have been preserved during evolution, while unfavorable vicinities have been eliminated. We describe, statistically, the interactions between amino acids using resolved protein structures. Based on the frequency of amino acid interactions, we have devised an amino acid substitution model that implements the following idea: amino acids that have similar neighbors in the protein tertiary structure can replace each other, while substitution is more difficult between amino acids that prefer different spatial neighbors. Using known tertiary structures for α‐helical membrane (HM) proteins, we build evolutionary substitution matrices. We constructed maximum likelihood phylogenies using our amino acid substitution matrices and compared them to widely‐used methods. Our results suggest that amino acid substitutions are associated with the spatial neighborhoods of amino acid residuals, providing, therefore, insights into the amino acid substitution process.
Floodplain connectivity and age‐0 sturgeon prey consumption in the lower Missouri River
Authors: Gosch Nathan J.C. , Hall Jerrod R. , Civiello Anthony P. , Haas Justin D. , Gemeinhardt Todd R. , Bonneau Joseph L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFloodplains are generally considered important nursery habitat for young fish, but little information exists regarding the importance of this habitat for Scaphirhynchus sturgeon. During 2019, the lower Missouri River experienced widespread, prolonged floodplain connectivity, and this study provides the first documentation of age‐0 Scaphirhynchus sturgeon floodplain prey consumption. Individuals captured on the floodplain primarily consumed chironomids, but the amount of prey consumed was similar to or lower than individuals captured from nearby mainstem reaches and a side‐channel during previous years. Similarly, 2019 floodplain sampling often yielded lower age‐0 sturgeon condition when assessing length–weight relationships among years. Further downstream, we also analyzed diets from 2019 in two mainstem reaches below Kansas City for comparison with data from 2014 to 2015. In both reaches, 2019 condition was lower than 2014 and 2015 despite a relatively higher growth rate. The amount of prey consumed in 2019 was also similar to or lower than 2014 and 2015 in Glasgow Reach, whereas 2019 yielded the highest prey consumption in Monarch Reach. Our results suggest that the 2019 high‐water event did not yield increased prey consumption or condition for age‐0 sturgeon on the floodplain, while the findings for mainstem habitats below Kansas City were inconsistent. Overall, empty stomachs were rare regardless of capture location and floodplain individuals appeared to be growing and surviving despite the observed differences. These results address an important information gap for age‐0 sturgeon and future data from additional floodplain sites would provide valuable context regarding the applicability of these findings to other areas.