bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominal aortic thromboembolism and subsequent pelvic limb myositis secondary to colitis and septicaemia in a 5‐day‐old Oldenburg colt
Authors: Pezzanite L. , Frank C. , Koch D. , Moss A. , Landolt G. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis case report describes the clinical progression of a 5‐day‐old Oldenburg colt presented for acute severe right hindlimb lameness. The foal had diarrhoea at presentation, and over the next 24 h became tachycardic and febrile with cold extremities in the hindlimbs and began to bear weight on the dorsum of both hind fetlocks. Diagnostic work‐up included physical examination, radiography, ultrasonography and clinicopathological testing. Treatment consisted of antibiotics, anti‐inflammatories, gastroprotectants, oral di‐tri‐octahedral smectite, hyperimmune plasma and isotonic crystalloid fluids for diarrhoea. Bandages and splints were applied to the hindlimbs to assist ambulation and prevent weightbearing on the dorsum of the fetlocks. The foal developed oedema of both hindlimbs, and ultrasonographic evaluation revealed gas pockets within the subcutaneous tissues. An ultrasound‐guided aspirate of the right hindlimb oedema was submitted for cytology, which revealed presumed Clostridial spores, and culture, which yielded heavy growth of Escherichia coli. Surgical fenestration of the hindlimbs was performed due to suspected Clostridial myositis. The foal continued to decline clinically and was humanely subjected to euthanasia. Post‐mortem evaluation revealed septicaemia and thromboembolism of the terminal abdominal aorta resulting in partial obstruction of blood flow to the pelvic limbs with resultant bacterial myositis (Clostridium [suspected] and Escherichia coli [confirmed]). In summary, thrombosis is a potential sequela to coagulopathy seen in septicaemia and should be considered a differential diagnosis in neonatal foals presenting for lameness.
Longitudinal Associations Between Mother–Child and Father–Child Closeness and Conflict From Middle Childhood to Adolescence
Authors: Xie Mingjun , Nuttall Amy K. , Johnson Deborah J. , Qin Desiree B. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe present study aimed at examining the longitudinal associations between closeness and conflict in mother–child and father–child relationships from middle childhood to adolescence.MethodUsing six‐wave longitudinal data of mother–child and father–child relationships from Grades 1 to 9 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development study (N = 1,105 families; 79% European White, 21% ethnic minorities), the present study used multivariate longitudinal modeling to address the research goal.ResultsFor mother–child relationships, higher levels of conflict at Grade 1 were significantly associated with slower increases in conflict and greater declines in closeness over time, while controlling for the effects of demographic variables. Moreover, findings suggest coordination of change across mothers and fathers, such that sharper decreases in closeness (or increases in conflict) between mothers and children were associated with sharper decreases in closeness (or increases in conflict) between fathers and children.ConclusionThe present study contributes to the literature by elucidating the complexities of the dynamic changes in parent–child relationships and highlighting the importance of including both mothers and fathers in the same model.ImplicationsOur findings have important implications for family practitioners and education and intervention programs aimed at supporting families in coping with the challenges in tuning parent–child relationships during adolescence.
Climate‐driven range shifts reduce persistence of competitors in a perennial plant community
Authors: Usinowicz Jacob , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractForecasting the impacts of climate change on species persistence in diverse natural communities requires a way to account for indirect effects mediated through species interactions. In particular, we expect species to experience major changes in competition as they track favorable climates. Here, we combine experimental data with a recently developed theoretical framework based on coexistence theory to measure the impact of climate‐driven range shifts on alpine plant persistence under climate change. We transplanted three co‐dominant alpine perennial species to five elevations, creating a maximum of 5°C increase in average growing‐season temperature. We statistically modeled species' demographic rates in response to the environment and interpolated species' intrinsic ranges—the environmental mapping of reproduction in the absence of competition. We used low‐density population growth rates—species' initial rate of invasion into an established community—as a metric of persistence. Further analysis of low‐density growth rates (LGRs) allowed us to parse the direct impacts of climate change from indirect impacts mediated by shifting competition. Our models predict qualitatively different range shifts for each species based on the climate conditions under which growth rates are maximized and where they are zero. Overall, climate change is predicted to increase the intrinsic (competition free) growth rates of all species, as warmer and wetter conditions increase the favorability of alpine habitat. However, these benefits are entirely negated by increased competition arising from greater overlap between competitors in their intrinsic ranges. Species were highly dispersal limited, which can prevent species from tracking shifting intrinsic ranges by reducing population spread rates. Yet dispersal limitation also promoted species' persistence because it promotes persistence mechanisms. Our study demonstrates the complex pathways by which climate change impacts species' persistence by altering their competitive environment, and highlights how a persistence framework based on LGRs can help disentangle impacts.
Improving the experience of older people with colorectal and breast cancer in patient‐centred cancer care pathways using experience‐based co‐design
Authors: Moser Albine , Melchior Inge , Veenstra Marja , Stoffers Esther , Derks Elvira , Jie Kon‐Siong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) in quality improvement of oncological care pathways for older patients are rare.ObjectivesImprove the care pathway experience of older cancer patients and explore lessons learned regarding how to engage this vulnerable group.DesignExperience‐Based Co‐Design. Setting and participants: Older cancer patients, their caregivers and healthcare professionals within colorectal and breast cancer care pathways.Interventions: Co‐design quality improvement teams.Main outcome measures: Colorectal cancer care pathway touchpoints were (a) availability of a contact person during diagnostic, treatment and aftercare phases; (b) collaboration between physicians and different hospital departments; (c) continuous relationship with same physician; (d) respectful treatment; (e) and information transfer with primary care. Breast cancer care pathway touchpoints were (a) comprehensive information package and information provision, (b) care planning based on patient preferences, (c) continuity of patient–professional relationship and (d) specialized care in case of vulnerability. Challenges related to PPI included (a) ability of older cancer patients to be reflective, critical and think at a collective level; (b) gaining support and commitment of professionals; (d) overcoming cultural differences and power inequalities; and (e) involving researchers and facilitators with appropriate expertise and position.ConclusionThis multidisciplinary quality improvement project revealed several challenges of PPI with older cancer patients and their caregivers. Research teams themselves need to assume the role of facilitator to enable meaningful PPI of older cancer patients.Patient or Public ContributionPatient and caregiver representatives and advocates were involved in the design, conduct, analysis, interpretation of the data and preparation of this manuscript.
Differences in hypertension and prehypertension among people living with and without HIV in China: role of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Xu X , Lin H , Chen X , Zhu B , Shen W , Ning C , Qiao X , Xu X , Shi R , Liu X , Wong FY , He N , Ding Y 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesHypertension is a growing health concern in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, association between HIV infection and hypertension is equivocal.MethodsIn all, 1472 PLWH and 2944 HIV‐negative individuals frequency‐matched by age and sex were derived from the baseline survey of Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART), China. Prehypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) of 120–139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 80–89 mmHg.ResultsDespite the fact that prevalence of hypertension was overall lower among PLWH than among HIV‐negative people (21.1% vs. 29.1%, P < 0.001), it was similar at ages 18–29 (7.6% vs. 8.5%) and 30–44 years (17.1% vs. 18.5%) but significantly lower in PLWH at ages 45–59 (26.1% vs. 40.7%) and 60–75 years (37.1% vs. 57.3%). Prehypertension prevalence was consistently higher in PLWH across all age groups. In the model adjusting for traditional risk factors, HIV infection was associated with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.55) and prehypertension (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.51–2.08), and attenuated after additional adjustment for abdominal obesity. Age‐stratified analysis showed that these associations of HIV with hypertension were observed at ages 18–29 and 30–44 years and associations with prehypertension were observed at ages 18–29, 30–44 and 45–59 years only. Years since HIV diagnosis and stavudine use were the HIV‐specific factors independently associated with hypertension or/and prehypertension.ConclusionsHIV infection is independently associated with prehypertension and hypertension especially at younger ages, and this risk may increase as treatment becomes prolonged. Our findings reinforce the urgent necessity for active BP screening and control strategies be adopted for PLWH in China.
Intentional replantation and Biodentine root reconstruction. A case report with 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Chaniotis A. , Kouimtzis T.H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the innovative use of intentional replantation for Biodentine root reconstruction of a previously treated immature maxillary central incisor with vertically extended crown root fracture and root detachment.SummaryIn the present case, the intentional replantation of a failing, previously treated maxillary central incisor with a vertical crown/root fracture in a 12‐year‐old male patient is reported. The gross extrusion of gutta‐percha points beyond the apex and the pre‐existing extensive, trauma related, distal cervical dentinal detachment justified the intentional replantation treatment plan as an option for tooth retention. After controlling the infection by oral administration of antibiotics, the immature tooth was extracted atraumatically and kept in gauze embedded with tooth replantation medium. The apical third of the immature fractured tooth was treated with ultrasonics and an MTA plug (MTA Angelus White, Londrina, Brazil). The distal cervical dentinal root defect was reconstructed with Biodentine (Septodont, St. Maur‐des‐Fosses, France). The tooth was reinserted and stabilized to the adjacent teeth for 2 weeks. The total extraoral time before replantation was 25 min. In the 10 years since the initial trauma (9 years after the intervention) radiographic and clinical evaluation revealed uneventful healing of the periapical lesion, normal mobility and no detectable signs of external replacement resorption.Key learning points

Intentional replantation may provide a viable treatment alternative in cases of severe complicated crown/ root fractures

Biodentine may be useful in the reconstruction of external root defects in crown root fractured traumatic dental injuries
Consumers’ perception of different types of food markets in Mexico
Authors: Escobar‐López Sttefanie Y. , Espinoza‐Ortega Angélica , Moctezuma‐Pérez Sergio , Chávez‐Mejía Cristina , Martínez‐García Carlos G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDeveloping countries such as Mexico have diverse food retail channels classified into three main groups: Supermarkets in their diverse variants (hypermarkets, medium and small supermarkets, and gourmet supermarkets); traditional food supply channels classified in Traditional markets, Tianguis, and grocery stores and Alternative markets. Despite the wide array of options, there is a lack of information on consumers’ perceptions of these different spaces. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyse consumers’ perceptions of Traditional markets, Tianguis, Supermarkets and Alternative markets in central Mexico. A questionnaire was applied with three sections: free word association (FWA), purchase habits and socioeconomic aspects. Four hundred and eighty consumers were surveyed, 120 in each type of market. The words mentioned during the FWA were grouped according to category and dimension and were analysed with a chi‐squared test. The relationship between categories and markets was analysed by multiple correspondence analysis and the remaining variables by descriptive statistics. Supermarkets were related to processed foods and nonfood items and were considered accessible, practical and modern spaces. Traditional markets and Tianguis were perceived as traditional and associated with social commitment and fresh foods but were also perceived as lacking in infrastructure, insecure and impractical. Alternative markets were viewed as innovative spaces offering alternative foods, albeit expensive. The interviewed consumers were mostly women. Those approached in Supermarkets and Alternative markets tended to be millennials, and in Tianguis and Traditional markets tended to belong to Generation X (born between 1965 and 1982). Also, most of those in Alternative markets had university or postgraduate degrees. In conclusion, consumers had a clear perception of the different types of markets as well as their advantages and disadvantages. This study contributes to empirical knowledge on the persistence of traditional markets and the incorporation of alternative markets in developing countries in spite of the growth of Supermarkets.
How I investigate minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Correia Rodolfo P. , Bento Laiz C. , de Sousa Flávia A. , Barroso Rodrigo de S. , Campregher Paulo V. , Bacal Nydia S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMinimal Residual Disease (MRD) is the most important independent prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and refers to the deep level of measurable disease in cases with complete remission by conventional pathologic analysis, especially by cytomorphology. MRD can be detected by multiparametric flow cytometry, molecular approaches such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction for immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor (IG/TR) gene rearrangements or fusion genes transcript, and high‐throughput sequencing for IG/TR. Despite the proven clinical usefulness in detecting MRD, these methods have differences in sensitivity, specificity, applicability, turnaround time and cost. Knowing and understanding these differences, as well as the principles and limitations of each technology, is essential to laboratory standardization and correct interpretation of MRD results in line with treatment time points, therapeutic settings, and clinical trials. Here, we review the methodological approaches to measure MRD in ALL and discuss the advantages and limitations of the most commonly used techniques.
Food and Drug Administration insights on clinical study of weight‐loss devices intended for adolescent patients
Authors: Marrone April K. , Venkataraman‐Rao Priya , Gottschalk Laura 
Published: January 2021

SummaryBackgroundMedical devices intended for weight loss may provide clinically meaningful benefit to children who are overweight and have obesity; however, no device has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in patients below 18 years of age. Encouragingly, FDA regularly sees new device designs because the field of weight‐loss devices is advancing rapidly. As more devices for weight loss are in development, their use in adolescent populations is expected to follow, but supporting data are needed.ObjectivesThis report describes efforts that FDA has taken to understand the unmet clinical need, understand how pediatric patients might benefit from a weight‐loss device, and provide considerations for how to best design weight‐loss device clinical studies considering device‐specific patient risk for adolescents.MethodsWe review the recommendations provided to the FDA in 2005 via a Pediatric Advisory Committee meeting and discuss feedback received in 2018 through our Network of Experts programme.ResultsFDA encourages weight‐loss device manufacturers and academic researchers to collect data through properly controlled trials so that more treatment options can be accessible to pediatric patients.ConclusionsFDA remains open to considering risk‐based clinical study designs incorporating pediatric patients and will continue to take into account the risk to adolescent study participants when determining whether the benefit–risk evidence supports initiation of an adolescent weight‐loss device study.
Invariant natural killer T cells balance B cell immunity
Authors: Leadbetter Elizabeth A. , Karlsson Mikael C. I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate rapid immune responses which bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. Both types of important iNKT immune responses are mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cells. As such, iNKT cells sit at the decision‐making fulcrum between regulating inflammatory or autoreactive B cells and supporting protective or regulatory B cell populations. iNKT cells interpret the signals in their environment to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, with outcomes ranging from getting licensed to maintain homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKTreg) or being activated to become an iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH) cell supporting pathogen‐specific effector B cells. Here we review iNKT and B cell cooperation across the spectrum of immune outcomes, including during allergy and autoimmune disease, tumor surveillance and immunotherapy, or pathogen defense and vaccine responses. Because of their key role as influencers, iNKT cells provide a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, depending on the circumstance.
Experiences of nurses who have children when caring for COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Coşkun Şimşek Didem , Günay Ulviye 
Published: January 2021

AimThis study was conducted to examine the experiences and feelings of nurses who have children when caring for patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19).BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the whole world, including Turkey where this study was conducted. Nurses are among healthcare professionals who are intensively working at the forefront during this pandemic. Countries are implementing many policies to fight this pandemic. Turkey also has implemented protective measures related to travel, sports, and cultural activities and has prohibited social meetings.MethodThe study was conducted with 26 nurses working in COVID‐19 clinics of two hospitals in eastern Turkey between May and July 2020 using a qualitative descriptive design.FindingsNurses who had children longed for their children and worried about them. They were afraid of getting infected with the disease and transmitting it. Based on content analysis, the themes of the study were determined as follows: (1) longing (longing for children and longing for the pre‐pandemic period), (2) fear (fear of transmitting the disease and fear of death), (3) despair, (4) concern (concern resulting from working in a different clinic, concern resulting from lack of knowledge, and concern resulting from lack of protective equipment), and (5) professional responsibility (professional awareness and love for the profession).ConclusionNurses were away from their families for a long time because of the fear of getting infected with COVID‐19 and transmitting it. They longed for their children and experienced desperation, fear, and anxiety. They loved their profession and were not considering quitting their profession.Implications for nursing and health policyNurses working in COVID‐19 units wear protective equipment and work for a long time under difficult conditions. In addition, nurses who have children are separated from their children because of the fear of transmitting COVID‐19. Therefore, nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients should alternately be replaced by nurses working in other services. They should be given the opportunity to rest and spend time with their loved ones if they are not carriers of COVID‐19.
Effects of a mobile phone application for graduate nurses to improve central venous catheter care: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Xiang Ling , Tsao Ying , Chung Hui‐Chun , Creedy Debra K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo develop and test a mobile phone application (app) for graduate nurses on the use and care of central venous catheters.DesignA randomized controlled trial was conducted at a teaching hospital in the central east coast of Taiwan.MethodsRecruitment occurred from 1 August 2019 ‐31 October 2019. All graduates (N = 90) attending a 2‐week induction program attended a lecture and completed a 10‐item questionnaire on central venous catheter assessment and care at the end of Week 1 (Time 1). Volunteers were then randomly allocated to receive a link to the learning app on their mobile phone (n = 39 Group A) or control condition (N = 40 Group B). One week later, all graduates completed the knowledge assessment (Time 2) and a simulated clinical assessment with a mannequin. Skills were assessed using an 11‐item, direct observation of procedural skills form. Only data from consenting participants were analysed.ResultsCompared with controls, nurses receiving the intervention reported significantly better knowledge (t = −7.98, p < .001, CI = 20.9~34.8) and skill scores (t = 2.83, p = .006, CI = 1.14~6.61). More frequent use of the mobile phone app was associated with higher knowledge (r = 0.39, p = .02, CI = 0.11~0.99) and skills (r = 0.42, p = .008, CI = 0.17~1.03).ConclusionMobile app instruction for graduate nurses on central venous catheter care increased specific knowledge and skills compared with conventional methods of instruction.Impact statementImplementation of mobile phone application technology can be considered a feasible means to proactively provide training and education. Mobile phone apps could be developed for a range of clinical procedures and various settings. Future studies with a larger sample and a longitudinal follow‐up are warranted to confirm results.