bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults
Authors: Palmas Vanessa , Pisanu Silvia , Madau Veronica , Casula Emanuela , Deledda Andrea , Cusano Roberto , Uva Paolo , Vascellari Sarah , Loviselli Andrea , Manzin Aldo , Velluzzi Fernanda 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.
Regulating heat conduction of complex networks by distributed nodes masses
Authors: Xiong Kezhao , Yan Zhengxin , Xie You , Liu Zonghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeveloping efficient strategy to regulate heat conduction is a challenging problem, with potential implication in the field of thermal materials. We here focus on a potential thermal material, i.e. complex networks of nanowires and nanotubes, and propose a model where the mass of each node is assigned proportional to its degree with $$m_i\sim k_i^{\alpha }$$

m
i

∼

k
i
α

, to investigate how distributed nodes masses can impact the heat flow in a network. We find that the heat conduction of complex network can be either increased or decreased, depending on the controlling parameter $$\alpha$$
α
. Especially, there is an optimal heat conduction at $$\alpha =1$$

α
=
1

and it is independent of network topologies. Moreover, we find that the temperature distribution within a complex network is also strongly influenced by the controlling parameter $$\alpha$$
α
. A brief theoretical analysis is provided to explain these results. These findings may open up appealing applications in the cases of demanding either increasing or decreasing heat conduction, and our approach of regulating heat conduction by distributed nodes masses may be also valuable to the challenge of controlling waste heat dissipation in highly integrated and miniaturized modern devices.
Processing of increased frequency of social interaction in social anxiety disorder and borderline personality disorder
Authors: Weinbrecht Anna , Niedeggen Michael , Roepke Stefan , Renneberg Babette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated how patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) process an increase in the frequency of social interaction. We used an EEG-compatible version of the online ball-tossing game Cyberball to induce an increase in the frequency of social interaction. In the first condition, each player received the ball equally often (inclusion: 33% ball reception). In the following condition, the frequency of the ball reception was increased (overinclusion: 45% ball reception). The main outcome variable was the event-related potential P2, an indicator for social reward processing. Moreover, positive emotions were assessed. Twenty-eight patients with SAD, 29 patients with BPD and 28 healthy controls (HCs) participated. As expected, HCs and patients with BPD, but not patients with SAD, showed an increase in the P2 amplitude from the inclusion to the overinclusion condition. Contrary to our expectations, positive emotions did not change from the inclusion to the overinclusion condition. EEG results provide preliminary evidence that patients with BPD and HCs, but not patients with SAD, process an increase in the frequency of social interaction as rewarding.
Laser-scribed graphene nanofiber decorated with oil palm lignin capped silver nanoparticles: a green biosensor
Authors: Tai Melvin Jia Yong , Perumal Veeradasan , Gopinath Subash C. B. , Raja Pandian Bothi , Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir Mohamad , Jantan Iffah Najihah , Suhaimi Nur Syahirah Husna , Liu Wei-Wen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), requires a high level of attention and is one of the most infectious diseases in the air. Present methods of diagnosing TB remain ineffective owing to their low sensitivity and time consumption. In this study, we produced a green graphene nanofiber laser biosensor (LSG-NF) decorated with oil palm lignin-based synthetic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The resulting composite morphology was observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the effective adaptation of the AgNPs to the LSG-NF surface. The successful attachment of AgNPs and LSG-NFs was also evident from X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies. In order to verify the sensing efficiency, a selective DNA sample captured on AgNPs was investigated for specific binding with M.tb target DNA through selective hybridisation and mismatch analysis. Electrochemical impedance studies further confirmed sensitive detection of up to 1 fM, where a detection limit of 10−15 M was obtained by estimating the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3:1) as 3σ. Successful DNA immobilisation and hybridisation was confirmed by the detection of phosphorus and nitrogen peaks based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The stability and repeatability of the analysis were high. This approach provides an affordable potential sensing system for the determination of M. tuberculosis biomarker and thus provides a new direction in medical diagnosis.
Vitronectin binding protein, BOM1093, confers serum resistance on Borrelia miyamotoi
Authors: Sato Kozue , Kumagai Yumi , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Kuroda Makoto , Hayashi Tetsuya , Takano Ai , Gaowa  , Taylor Kyle R. , Ohnishi Makoto , Kawabata Hiroki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBorrelia miyamotoi, a member of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochetes, shows a serum-resistant phenotype in vitro. This ability ofB. miyamotoimay contribute to bacterial evasion of the host innate immune system. To investigate the molecular mechanism of serum-resistance, we constructed a membrane protein-encoding gene library ofB. miyamotoiusingBorrelia gariniistrain HT59G, which shows a transformable and serum-susceptible phenotype. By screening the library, we found thatbom1093andbom1515ofB. miyamotoiprovided a serum-resistant phenotype to the recipientB. garinii. TheseB. miyamotoigenes are predicted to encode P35-like antigen genes and are conserved among relapsing fever borreliae. Functional analysis revealed that BOM1093 bound to serum vitronectin and that the C-terminal region of BOM1093 was involved in the vitronectin-binding property. Importantly, theB. gariniitransformant was not serum-resistant when the C terminus-truncated BOM1093 was expressed. We also observed that the depletion of vitronectin from human serum enhances the bactericidal activity of BOM1093 expressingB. garinii, and the survival rate of BOM1093 expressingB. gariniiin vitronectin-depleted serum is enhanced by the addition of purified vitronectin. Our data suggests thatB. miyamotoiutilize BOM1093-mediated binding to vitronectin as a mechanism of serum resistance.
Bmp8a is an essential positive regulator of antiviral immunity in zebrafish
Authors: Zhong Shenjie , Li Haoyi , Wang Yun-Sheng , Wang Ying , Ji Guangdong , Li Hong-Yan , Zhang Shicui , Liu Zhenhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a kind of classical multi-functional growth factor that plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels, and the regulation of adipogenesis and thermogenesis. However, understanding of the role of BMPs in antiviral immunity is still limited. Here we demonstrate that Bmp8a is a newly-identified positive regulator for antiviral immune responses. Thebmp8a−/−zebrafish, when infected with viruses, show reduced antiviral immunity and increased viral load and mortality. We also show for the first time that Bmp8a interacts with Alk6a, which promotes the phosphorylation of Tbk1 and Irf3 through p38 MAPK pathway, and induces the production of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infection. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of Bmp8a in regulation of antiviral immune responses and provides a target for controlling viral infection.
Climate and seasonality drive the richness and composition of tropical fungal endophytes at a landscape scale
Authors: Oita Shuzo , Ibáñez Alicia , Lutzoni François , Miadlikowska Jolanta , Geml József , Lewis Louise A. , Hom Erik F. Y. , Carbone Ignazio , U’Ren Jana M. , Arnold A. Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding how species-rich communities persist is a foundational question in ecology. In tropical forests, tree diversity is structured by edaphic factors, climate, and biotic interactions, with seasonality playing an essential role at landscape scales: wetter and less seasonal forests typically harbor higher tree diversity than more seasonal forests. We posited that the abiotic factors shaping tree diversity extend to hyperdiverse symbionts in leaves—fungal endophytes—that influence plant health, function, and resilience to stress. Through surveys in forests across Panama that considered climate, seasonality, and covarying biotic factors, we demonstrate that endophyte richness varies negatively with temperature seasonality. Endophyte community structure and taxonomic composition reflect both temperature seasonality and climate (mean annual temperature and precipitation). Overall our findings highlight the vital role of climate-related factors in shaping the hyperdiversity of these important and little-known symbionts of the trees that, in turn, form the foundations of tropical forest biodiversity.
High resolution DNA barcode library for European butterflies reveals continental patterns of mitochondrial genetic diversity
Authors: Dincă Vlad , Dapporto Leonardo , Somervuo Panu , Vodă Raluca , Cuvelier Sylvain , Gascoigne-Pees Martin , Huemer Peter , Mutanen Marko , Hebert Paul D. N. , Vila Roger 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study of global biodiversity will greatly benefit from access to comprehensive DNA barcode libraries at continental scale, but such datasets are still very rare. Here, we assemble the first high-resolution reference library for European butterflies that provides 97% taxon coverage (459 species) and 22,306COIsequences. We estimate that we captured 62% of the total haplotype diversity and show that most species possess a few very common haplotypes and many rare ones. Specimens in the dataset have an average 95.3% probability of being correctly identified. Mitochondrial diversity displayed elevated haplotype richness in southern European refugia, establishing the generality of this key biogeographic pattern for an entire taxonomic group. Fifteen percent of the species are involved in barcode sharing, but two thirds of these cases may reflect the need for further taxonomic research. This dataset provides a unique resource for conservation and for studying evolutionary processes, cryptic species, phylogeography, and ecology.
A q component‐based adaptive protection coordination optimisation using overcurrent relays in coordination with fuses for hybrid microgrid
Authors: Singh Manjeet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a hybrid microgrid, the overcurrent relays (OCRs) must sense the changes in the fault currents while the microgrid switches from the grid‐connected to the islanded mode of operation. Further, for the different types of distributed generator (DG), such as photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines of types I, III, and IV, the variation in fault currents must also be detected by the relays. This leads to delay and inappropriate coordination in conventional protection schemes. To minimise the impact of inappropriate coordination in this study, an adaptive protection scheme with optimal settings is proposed for phase and earth faults detection. It also takes care of different nature of DGs, all feasible operating modes of hybrid microgrid with only quadrature (q) component of fault current while zero component is used to differentiate between earth and phase faults. Also, only q component‐based proposed technique optimises the coordination time (CT) of fuses as a backup to primary and backup relays with newly proposed CT interval constraints. A differential evolutionary algorithm is proposed for determination of optimal settings for the directional OCRs.
Scalable design methods for online data‐driven wide‐area control of power systems
Authors: Kar Jishnudeep , Chakrabortty Aranya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA novel online system‐identification‐based control design for damping inter‐area oscillations in power systems using supplementary wide‐area excitation control is presented. The identification is based on a partly reduced‐order and a partly full‐order model of the grid. Assuming the grid to be divided into coherent areas with phasor measurement units located across the grid, the coherent states of the generators are averaged while the non‐coherent states, such as the internal states of each power system stabilizer, are not. A hybrid state vector consisting of these averaged and non‐averaged states is computed, and used for identifying a hybrid linear time‐invariant state‐space model. A linear quadratic regulator based on this hybrid model is, thereafter, designed. The reduced‐order part of the model is found to save significant amount of online time for both learning and control, while the full‐order part serves to enhance closed‐loop stability. N4SID with randomized singular value decomposition (rSVD) is used for making the identification loop fast. The reduced‐dimensional controller is finally implemented using a broadcast control strategy. The design is extended to non‐linear models of power systems using Carleman bilinearization. Results for linear and bilinear control designs are validated using the IEEE 68‐bus power system model.
A two‐scaled fully convolutional learning network for road detection
Authors: Yu Dingding , Hu Xianliang , Liang Kewei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to detect road regions based on a two‐scaled deep neural network. The information from different scales is helpful to boost the performance of deep learning models, and it is also a widely used strategy in various computer vision applications. In the two‐scaled model, skip‐architecture and fully convolutional layers are used to fuse the low‐level details and high‐level semantic information. It enables to detect the road areas by multi‐scale feature maps from different reception fields. To avoid the redundancy of scale information and the loss of features caused by the pooling layer, the feature maps before the first pooling layer are adopted in our model. By the convolutional kernels, our model can balance the information of two scales automatically. The loss function is also improved, in which the intersection over union (IoU) term is taken into account to guide the model to learn more features on the whole road regions. Comprehensive experiments on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that this approach can reach state‐of‐the‐art performance.
Medical Therapy of Aggressive Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Petersenn Stephan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rare aggressive pituitary adenoma presents a special challenge, due to the heterogenous presentation of the disease. The prognosis of aggressive pituitary adenomas has been improved due to recent studies demonstrating clinically-relevant efficacy of temozolomide, which is now considered first-line chemotherapy. However, there is limited data on second-line therapies in patients with treatment failure. This review presents a summary on the potential of medical therapies in aggressive pituitary tumors.
Quality of Life Following Surgical and Conservative Therapy of Pyogenic Spinal Infection: A Study of Long-term Outcome in 210 Patients
Authors: Behmanesh Bedjan , Gessler Florian , Duetzmann Stephan , Seifert Volker , Weise Lutz , Setzer Matthias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Object The management and recommendations for treatment strategies of pyogenic spinal infection are still a highly controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient's quality of life (QoL) after surgical and conservative treatment of spinal infection.
Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center study. All patients treated between 2009 and 2016 were included in this study. For evaluation of QoL, we recorded each patient's satisfaction according to the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Scores were compared with a U.S. standard population.
Results Two hundred and ten adult patients with spondylodiskitis were identified. Of these, 155 (74%) underwent surgery and 55 (26%) were treated conservatively. The mean overall age was 68.6 (23–98) years. Seventy-two patients were females and 138 patients were males. The mean outcome values in the surgical group did not reach the level of the normative sample in one of eight items, whereas the conservative group revealed a reduced QoL in all items. Intergroup comparison revealed significant differences in all items (p < 0.05).
Conclusion In the patient population we investigated, QoL in surgically treated patients was better than that in conservatively managed patients.
Relationship between Signal Intensity of the Labyrinth and Cochleovestibular Testing and Morphologic Features of Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Constanzo Felipe , Teixeira Bernardo Corrêa de Almeida , Sens Patricia , Escuissato Dante , Ramina Ricardo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this article was to evaluate the relationship between signal intensity of the labyrinth and vestibulocochlear function and morphologic features of vestibular schwannoma (VS).
Design Cross-sectional Study.
Setting Tertiary referral center.
Participants Fifty-four patients with sporadic, untreated VS.
Main Outcome Measure Signal intensity of the cochlea and vestibule (SIRc and SIRv: signal intensity of cochlea/vestibule compared with cerebellar signal intensity; AURc and AURv: SIRc/SIRv of the affected side compared with the unaffected side) in 1.5T T2-weighted images was correlated with size (Hannover classification), cystic status, distance from the fundus of the internal auditory canal, video head impulse test (vHIT), and audiometry.
Results Signal intensity of the vestibule was higher than that of the cochlea (p < 0.01). Large tumors had lower SIRc than smaller tumors (p = 0.03); Hannover T1 tumors had higher SIRc (p < 0.01), SIRv (p < 0.01), AURc (p < 0.01) and AURv (p < 0.01) than the rest; heterogenous and cystic tumors had higher SIRv than solid large tumors (p = 0.02); superior vestibular nerve pattern on vHIT had higher SIRv and AURv than inferior vestibular nerve and mixed patterns (p = 0.03 and 0.004, respectively); and there was a weak correlation between AURv and speech discrimination (r = 0.33, p = 0.04).
Conclusion A more abnormal signal intensity of the labyrinth is associated with larger size and solid status of VS. There was a positive relationship between signal intensity of the labyrinth and speech discrimination scores on audiogram.
Arthroscopic Excision of Localized Nodular Tenosynovitis of Carpometacarpal Joint of Thumb: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mane Satish A. , Bansode Anup S. , Karande Chaitanya S. , Wahegaonkar Abhijeet L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiant cell tumors of tendon sheath are classified according to their clinical presentation as localized or diffuse, and they may occur at intra-articular or extra-articular locations. Although magnetic resonance imaging is mandatory and sufficient for diagnosis in many cases, histological examination is needed to confirm the diagnosis. Complete surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. Radiotherapy as adjuvant or after recurrence shows promising results. Though small joint arthroscopy, especially of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, is a relatively new technique and mainly used for the treatment of basal joint arthritis of the thumb, the indications are evolving. We report a rare case of nodular tenosynovitis of the CMC joint of the thumb managed with complete arthroscopic resection of the tumor, and no recurrence at a follow-up of 2.5 years. This is another addition to the list of indications for thumb CMC arthroscopy. Arthroscopic treatment provides the distinct advantage of thorough assessment of the articular cartilage, complete excision of the tumor via a minimally invasive technique, early return of function, and better cosmesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such report of arthroscopic resection of nodular tenosynovitis of the thumb CMC joint.
Modelling interfaces with context in SFL
Authors: Taverniers Miriam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This is a study of the tools for describing language-in-context in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), and
specifically, the way in which dynamic time can be added to this description. Of central importance in this exploration are the
concepts of stratification and instantiation and their interaction, and the way in which this interaction is ‘achieved’
metafunctionally and dynamically through the construction of relevant contexts spanning various time scales. The article proposes
a new theorization of context in SFL, in which context is regarded as an interplay of different interfacing semiotic strata, and a
meshing of multiple complementary and interacting processes of mediation which are at work at different scales of semogenesis.