bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycyrrhizin regulates rat TMJOA progression by inhibiting the HMGB1‐RAGE/TLR4‐NF‐κB/AKT pathway
Authors: Hu Zhihui , Xiao Mian , Cai Hengxing , Li Wei , Fang Wei , Long Xing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo investigate the role of glycyrrhizin on the progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) and the underlying mechanism by regulation of the high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. After a rat model of TMJOA was built by intra‐articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate, glycyrrhizin was intragastrically administered at low concentration (20 mg/kg) or high concentration (50 mg/kg). Micro‐computed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were used to reveal the progression of TMJOA. Rat TMJ chondrocytes and disc cells were cultured in inflammatory condition with different doses of glycyrrhizin. Western blot was used to evaluate the effect of glycyrrhizin on the HMGB1‐RAGE/TLR4‐NF‐κB/AKT pathway. Administration of glycyrrhizin alleviated cartilage degeneration, lowered the levels of inflammatory and catabolic mediators and reduced the production of HMGB1, RAGE and TLR4 in TMJOA animal model. Increased production of RAGE and TLR4, and activated intracellular NF‐κB and/or AKT signalling pathways in chondrocytes and disc cells were found in inflammatory condition. Upon activation, matrix metalloprotease‐3 and interleukin‐6 were upregulated. Glycyrrhizin inhibited not only HMGB1 release but also RAGE and TLR4 in inflammatory condition. Glycyrrhizin alleviated the pathological changes of TMJOA by regulating the HMGB1‐RAGE/TLR4‐NF‐kB/AKT signalling pathway. This study revealed the potential of glycyrrhizin as a novel therapeutic drug to suppress TMJ cartilage degradation.
Effect of Ramadan fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gad Hoda , Al‐Nassr Noor , Mohammed Ibrahim , Khan Adnan , MacDonald Ross , Mussleman Paul , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) improve glycemic control and weight, but might be associated with dehydration, hypotension and ketoacidosis, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who fast during Ramadan. This meta‐analysis evaluates the effects of Ramadan fasting on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with SGLT‐2i.Materials and MethodsA literature search was carried out in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Quality assessment was carried out using the ROBINS‐I and Cochrane tools for risk of bias, and analyses were carried out using RevMan version 5.3.ResultsA total of five studies were included in this meta‐analysis. During Ramadan, there was a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (P < 0.00001) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.006), with a non‐significant trend for a reduction in weight (P = 0.44) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.67). The number and severity of hypoglycemic episodes was lower in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with SGLT‐2i compared with sulfonylureas. There was no significant change in estimated glomerular filtration rate, β‐hydroxybutyrate, bicarbonate or anion gap. However, we identified considerable heterogeneity among studies, and a lack of head‐to‐head studies with structured outcome reporting on the risks and benefits of SGLT‐2i during Ramadan.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis shows that patients with type 2 diabetes treated with SGLT2i's during Ramadan have an improvement in HbA1c, less hypoglycemia and no major adverse effects.
Cytoplasmic incompatibility in hybrid zones: infection dynamics and resistance evolution
Authors: Røed Erik Sandertun , Engelstädter Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCytoplasmic incompatibility is an endosymbiont‐induced mating incompatibility common in arthropods. Unidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility impairs crosses between infected males and uninfected females, whereas bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility occurs when two host lineages are infected with reciprocally incompatible endosymbionts. Bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility is unstable in unstructured populations, but may be stable in hybrid zones. Stable coexistence of incompatible host lineages should generate frequent incompatible crosses. Therefore, hosts are expected to be under selection to resist their endosymbionts. Here, we formulate a mathematical model of hybrid zones where two bidirectionally incompatible host lineages meet. We expand this model to consider the invasion of a hypothetical resistance allele. To corroborate our mathematical predictions, we test each prediction with stochastic, individual‐based simulations. Our models suggest that hybrid zones may sustain stable coinfections of bidirectionally incompatible endosymbiont strains. Over a range of conditions, hosts are under selection for resistance against cytoplasmic incompatibility. Under asymmetric migration, a resistance allele can facilitate infection turnover and subsequently either persist or become lost. The predictions we present may inform our understanding of the cophylogenetic relationship between the endosymbiont Wolbachia and its hosts.
Avoiding the tragedy of the commons: Improved group‐feeding performance in kin groups maintains foraging cooperation in subsocial Stegodyphus africanus spiders (Araneae, Eresidae)
Authors: Walter André , Bilde Trine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCooperation involving shared resource systems is prone to ‘the tragedy of the commons’, where individuals act in their own self‐interest to exploit the resource in a manner that is detrimental to the common good of all group members. Directing cooperation towards kin provides a solution to this problem and predicts the differential performance depending on the relatedness of group members. In subsocial spiders, juveniles live in transient groups that cooperate in hunting and communal feeding. Prey capture is costly in terms of risk of injury and investment of venom and digestive enzymes, and therefore presents a situation where individuals may attempt to avoid costly interactions and exploit the resource acquired by other group members. We tested the prediction that individuals differentiate participation and/or investment in cooperative prey capture and extra‐oral digestion (injection of digestive enzymes into prey prior to the initiation of extraction of nutrients) in response to the relatedness of group members with whom they interact, in the subsocial spider Stegodyphus africanus. The performance of groups and interactions over prey attack in groups of either related or mixed kin spiderlings were determined over a period of 4 weeks. We show that kin groups attack the prey significantly faster, recruit individuals to form feeding groups faster, extract prey body mass more efficiently and experience less antagonistic interactions than groups of mixed relatedness, which ultimately translates into an elevated growth rate. These results indicate that related individuals are more willing to take risks and invest in communal digestion when foraging with kin, as predicted by inclusive fitness theory as a solution to the tragedy of the commons.
Communication tools and patient satisfaction: A scoping review
Authors: Touati Romane , Sailer Irena , Marchand Laurent , Ducret Maxime , Strasding Malin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to present an overview of the literature on communication tools in esthetic dentistry. A variety of communication tools have been proposed to include patients in the shared decision‐making (SDM) workflow. Only little is known about implementing communication tools in dentistry and their impact on patient communication and patient satisfaction. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and World of Science to identify if communication tools have an impact on patient satisfaction.Material and MethodsThe search included studies from January 1, 2000 to March 3, 2020 published in English, focusing on patient communication tools and patient satisfaction in esthetic dentistry.ResultsOut of 6678 records, 53 full‐texts were examined. Ten studies were included. Data of the included studies were extracted systematically and subsequently analyzed. All studies found that patient communication utilizing specific communication tools positively impacted either patient satisfaction, patient‐dentist relationship, information retention, treatment acceptance, quality of care or treatment outcome.ConclusionsAdditional communication tools besides conventional verbal communication are able to enhance patient satisfaction, improve quality of care and establish a better patient‐dentist relationship. It seems essential to further develop standardized communication tools for SDM in dental medicine, which will allow the comparison of research on this topic.Clinical significanceThis scoping review shows the importance of patient involvement in the decision‐making process for improved patient satisfaction with esthetic dental treatments. With an increased implementation of communication tools, patient satisfaction and SDM may further improve in the future.
Ethnic‐racial socialization among Black, Latinx, and White parents of elementary school‐age children
Authors: Williams Amber D. , Banerjee Meeta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study sought to (1) understand the differences in ethnicity/race‐related values, concerns, and ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) among 156 Black, Latinx, and White parents of elementary‐school aged children and (2) examine how parents’ various ethnicity/race‐related values and concerns related to their ERS practices. We found that Black and Latinx parents were more likely than White parents to send messages about celebrating people of color, while Latinx parents were more likely to send egalitarian messages than White parents. We also found that parents who expressed a fear of discussing race were less likely to send all ERS messages, except messages promoting out‐group mistrust. Additionally, parents who valued diversity over competing benefits were more likely to send all ERS messages, except egalitarian messages. Other results suggest relations between parents’ ethnicity/race‐related concerns and values and their ERS practices. The implications of this work for social issues related to ethnic‐racial socialization strategies are discussed.
Holding both truths: Early dynamics of ethnic‐racial socialization and children's behavior adjustment in African American and Latinx families
Authors: Contreras Mariah M. , Osborne Kimberly R. , Walsdorf Ashley A. , Anderson Leslie A. , Caughy Margaret O'Brien , Owen Margaret Tresch 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEthnic‐racial socialization is at the core of ethnic minority families’ adaptive response to a racialized social climate. Protective links between ethnic‐racial socialization and children's adjustment are well documented in the adolescent years; however, very few studies have considered the ethnic‐racial socialization of young children altogether and fewer still have examined the links to adjustment using longitudinal designs. Leveraging unique, longitudinal data, the present study modeled African American and Latinx caregivers’ emergent use of multiple ethnic‐racial socialization strategies across the critical period when children first enter school, testing how their strategies dynamically interplay with children's early behavior adjustment. Results indicated an early pathway in which a child's behavior adjustment problems at 2.5 years may cascade to caregivers’ use of preparation for bias strategies at 3.5 years which in turn may modestly spillover in children's behavior adjustment in kindergarten. There was also modest evidence that cultural socialization strategies used in kindergarten may serve a protective function for future behavior adjustment. The potential to develop and extend interventions around both systemic issues and the direct needs of families is discussed.
Racial stories as learning moments: An ecological exploration of Black adolescents’ racial learning experiences
Authors: Watford Jon Alexander , Hughes Diane , Das Sohini , Francis Trenel , Pagan Olga , Keryc Caitlin , Cox Blair , Way Niobe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractYouth in the United States receive countless messages about the meanings and consequences of racial group membership. The processes through which these racialized messages are transmitted, known collectively as ethnic‐racial socialization, are known to influence youths’ psychosocial and academic development—especially their ethnic‐racial identity. However, most studies have focused exclusively on parents’ roles in the ethnic‐racial socialization process. In the present study, drawing on semi‐structured interviews with 64 Black adolescents, we examined youths’ descriptions of their experiences with (and understandings of) race to provide an “up‐close” view of the sources and processes involved in ethnic‐racial socialization. In addition to providing further evidence of the roles of parents and school curricula in shaping youths’ racial beliefs, results suggested that ethnic‐racial socialization messages frequently emerged from youths’ direct and vicarious exposure to racial discrimination and inequality in the schools they attended, the public places they visited, and in the media they consumed.
Unpacking school ethnic‐racial socialization: A new conceptual model
Authors: Saleem Farzana T. , Byrd Christy M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParents are the earliest transmitters of ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS), but transmitters within the school context become more important as youth move into adolescence. Yet, the current literature has limited frameworks to describe the transmission of ERS in schools. We propose a conceptual model that outlines the transmitters, methods, and content of school ERS as well as how school ERS can influence adolescent outcomes. Although scholars have begun to understand dimensions of school ERS, no frameworks have outlined the process, content, and effects of school ERS. This paper builds upon the burgeoning literature to unpack this process at institutional and individual levels. The paper includes discussion of research and practice implications for utilizing school ERS to address racial disparities and increase healthy school racial climates in K‐12 schools.
Correlation between instrumental and sensory properties of texture‐modified carrot puree
Authors: Peh Jie Xuan , Lim Wensheng , Tha Goh Kelvin Kim , Dharmawan Jorry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the correlation between instrumental and sensory evaluation on texture‐modified carrot puree. Texture‐modified foods (TMFs) are prescribed to dysphagia individuals to aid in the oral manipulation and facilitate swallowing of food. There is a lack of correlation between instrumental measurements and sensory attributes on TMF. Understanding this correlation will aid in the formulation of safe foods with desired sensory properties for dysphagia patients. Instrumental measurements of carrot purees were performed by back extrusion method using a texture analyzer and the attributes obtained were firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness. Quantitative descriptive analysis with eight trained panelists was employed to characterize the texture of the carrot puree based on seven sensory attributes: firmness, viscous, adhesive (mouth), smoothness, adhesive (throat), rate of breakdown, and difficulty to swallow. Five thickeners, namely gellan gum, xanthan gum, Suberakaze, UNI‐PURE® Dys‐sperse instant thickener, and ULTRA‐SPERSE® M Starch, were evaluated against carrot puree without any thickener as control. The correlation results obtained from texture analysis and sensory evaluation were statistically significant (p < .05). The firmness attributes from instrumental and sensory results were positively correlated. The consistency parameter was positively correlated to sensory attribute viscous and negatively correlated to smoothness. The sensory attribute rate of breakdown was negatively correlated to instrumental parameter of cohesiveness. Lastly, instrumental adhesiveness was positively correlated to sensory attributes adhesive to mouth and throat, and difficulty to swallow. The correlation results showed a well‐designed instrumental technique can be used to understand the impact of thickeners on TMF for dysphagia subjects.
The texture and mastication properties of sheep biceps femoris from different finishing feeds and retail packaging methods
Authors: Li Xiying , Hutchings Scott , Warner Robyn Dorothy , Ponnampalam Eric , Ha Minh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship among meat texture (Warner–Bratzler shear force [WBSF] and texture profile analysis [TPA]), water‐holding capacity, and subsequent mastication of meat from sheep fed different diets and maintained under different packaging methods. Biceps femoris from 24 Merino sheep fed a standard pelleted diet containing grain and cereal hay or pelleted diets supplemented with either 8% camelina meal or 15% camelina forage hay was packaged in high‐oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (hiOxMAP) or vacuum skin packaging (VSP). WBSF, TPA, and water‐holding capacity (purge loss and cooking loss) were measured. Twelve volunteers were recruited to chew the cooked meat samples before expectorating the bolus at their natural swallowing point. Meat stored in hiOxMAP had greater purge loss, Warner–Bratzler peak force, hardness, and chewiness compared to meat packed in VSP. Mastication testing revealed that chewing frequency increased with VSP meat compared to hiOxMAP meat. Feed type had little effect on meat texture parameters; however, sheep meat on the standard pelleted diet required a greater number of chews than sheep finished on diet supplemented with camelina meal. Increased toughness in cooked meat due to feed type or packaging methods resulted in greater chewing effort, but this did not affect meat bolus properties at the natural swallowing point.
Multicenter, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study of rabacfosadine in dogs with lymphoma
Authors: Weishaar Kristen M. , Wright Zachary M. , Rosenberg Mona P. , Post Gerald S. , McDaniel Jennifer A. , Clifford Craig A. , Phillips Brenda S. , Bergman Philip J. , Randall Elissa K. , Avery Anne C. , Thamm Douglas H. , Christman Hull Abigail A. , Gust Cathy M. , Donoghue Ann R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundRabacfosadine (RAB, Tanovea‐CA1) is a novel chemotherapy agent conditionally approved for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and safety of RAB in dogs with lymphoma.AnimalsOne hundred and fifty‐eight client‐owned dogs with naïve or relapsed multicentric lymphoma were prospectively enrolled from January to October 2019.MethodsDogs were randomized to receive RAB or placebo at a 3 : 1 ratio. Treatment was given every 21 days for up to 5 treatments. Study endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) at a given visit, best overall response rate (BORR), and percent progression free 1 month after treatment completion. Safety data were also collected.ResultsThe median PFS was significantly longer in the RAB group compared to placebo (82 vs 21 days;P < .0001, HR 6.265 [95% CI 3.947‐9.945]). The BORR for RAB‐treated dogs was 73.2% (50.9% complete response [CR], 22.3% partial response [PR]) and 5.6% (0% CR, 5.6% PR) for placebo‐treated dogs (P < .0001). One month after the last treatment, 37 RAB‐treated dogs (33%) were progression free compared with no placebo‐treated dogs (P < .0001). The most common adverse events observed in the RAB group were diarrhea (87.5%), decreased appetite (68.3%), and vomiting (68.3%) and were generally low grade and reversible. Serious adverse events were reported in 24 RAB‐treated (20%) and 5 placebo‐treated dogs (13%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRabacfosadine demonstrated statistically significant antitumor efficacy in dogs with lymphoma when administered every 21 days for up to 5 treatments as compared to placebo.
Use of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography to detect kidney infarction in dogs
Authors: Sutthigran Somchin , Saisawart Phasamon , Klaengkaew Auraiwan , Horoongruang Kongthit , Chaivoravitsakul Nardtiwa , Komin Kiatpichet , Thanaboonnipat Chutimon , Choisunirachon Nan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundKidney infarction is a renovascular disease diagnosed by contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in humans.ObjectivesTo describe the frequency of kidney infarction and to determine the detection of kidney infarction with CECT in dogs.AnimalsEight hundred and twenty‐six abdominal CECT studies of 826 dogs.MethodsA cross‐sectional retrospective study. Dogs with abdominal CT scans including CECT were retrospectively retrieved. Kidney infarction was classified into 3 grades based on the extent of infarction relative to total kidney area. The location and number of kidney infarctions in each kidney were expressed as number and percentage. The ability of visualization of kidney infarction in each multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) image plane was evaluated by agreement of 2 observers.ResultsThe frequency of kidney infarction in dogs was 3.15% (26/826 dogs; 95% CI = 2.05‐4.61). Most kidney infarctions were classified as grade 1, or the lesions were less than 25% of the kidney (47/56, 83.93%) and most were detected at the caudal pole of the kidney (31/56, 55.35%) on the sagittal plane. On MPR image planes, the sagittal plane had the highest proportion (34/56, 60.71%) of excellent visual category to detect kidney infarction.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe CECT, especially the sagittal plane, is a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of kidney infarction in dogs.
The synergistic antibacterial effect and inhibition of biofilm formation of nisin in combination with terpenes against Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Shi D. L , Shi H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study was to investigate the synergistic antibacterial effect and inhibition of biofilm formation of nisin in combination with terpenes (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, citral and thymol) against Listeria monocytogenes. The bactericidal ranking of terpenes combined with nisin was carvacrol &gt; cinnamaldehyde, citral &gt; thymol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nisin and carvacrol when used together was determined to be 0·1563 mg ml−1 + 0·0195 mg ml−1 (nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/16). The addition of nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/2 caused more decrease in membrane potential than carvacrol or nisin at MIC individually. The decrease rates of hlyA and plcA gene expressions caused by nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/2 were significantly higher than those caused by carvacrol or nisin at MIC individually (P &lt; 0·05). Nisin combined with carvacrol showed the highest inhibition activity to the formation of L. monocytogenes biofilm on stainless steel and lettuce. The inhibition effect of nisin at MIC/2 + carvacrol at MIC/16 was significantly higher than that of nisin at MIC/2 and carvacrol at MIC/16 (P &lt; 0·05).