bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falls and Fear of Falling in Shunted Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus—The Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Comorbidity and Risk Factors Associated With Hydrocephalus Study
Authors: Larsson Jenny , Israelsson Hanna , Eklund Anders , Lundin-Olsson Lillemor , Malm Jan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Gait and balance impairment are typical symptoms of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH), implicating that falls may afflict these patients.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate falls, related injuries, and associated psychological features, before and after shunt surgery for INPH and compared to the general population.

METHODS
The study included 176 patients shunted for INPH and 368 age- and sex-matched controls. Falls, fear of falling (FOF), fall-related injuries (mild-severe), confidence in avoiding falls (Swedish Falls Efficacy Scale (FES(S)), quality of life (QoL; EuroQoL 5-dimension 5 level instrument), and symptoms of depression (Geriatric Depression Scale 15) were investigated. Pre- and postoperative observational times were 12 mo before surgery and 21 mo after (mean). Recurrent fallers fell ≥2 times.

RESULTS
More INPH patients than controls were recurrent fallers (67% vs 11%; P < .001). They feared falling more often (FOF, mean ± standard deviation: 3.3 ± 1.1 vs 1.6 ± 0.9; P < .001) and had lower confidence in avoiding falls (FES(S) 78 ± 40 vs 126 ± 14; P < .001). After surgery, INPH patients improved in all parameters but they did not reach the levels of the controls. Among fallers there was no difference between patients and controls in the severity of injuries suffered. Low QoL and symptoms of depression were more common among recurrent fallers than one-time or nonfallers in both shunted patients and controls (P ≤ .001).

CONCLUSION
Falls, FOF, and low confidence in avoiding falls are considerable problems in INPH that may be reduced by shunt surgery. We suggest that remaining risk of falling and preventative measures are routinely considered in postoperative follow-ups and rehabilitation planning.
A systematic review of the utility of amino acid PET in assessing treatment response to bevacizumab in recurrent high-grade glioma
Authors: Hughes Kendall L , O’Neal Christen M , Andrews Bethany J , Westrup Alison M , Battiste James D , Glenn Chad A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Currently, bevacizumab (BEV), an antiangiogenic agent, is used as an adjunctive therapy to re-irradiation and surgery in patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas (rHGG). BEV has shown to decrease enhancement on MRI, but it is often unclear if these changes are due to tumor response to BEV or treatment-induced changes in the blood brain barrier. Preliminary studies show that amino acid PET can aid in distinguishing these changes on MRI.
Methods. The authors performed a systematic review of PubMed and Embase through July 2020 with the search terms ‘bevacizumab’ or ‘Avastin’ and ‘recurrent glioma’ and ‘PET,’ yielding 38 papers, with 14 meeting inclusion criteria.
Results. Thirteen out of fourteen studies included in this review used static PET and three studies used dynamic PET to evaluate the use of BEV in rHGG. Six studies used the amino acid tracer [18F]FET, four studies used [11C]MET, and four studies used [18F]FDOPA.
Conclusion. [18F]FET, [11C]MET, and [18F]FDOPA PET in combination with MRI have shown promising results for improving accuracy in diagnosing tumor recurrence, detecting early treatment failure, and distinguishing between tumor progression and treatment-induced changes in patients with rHGG treated with BEV.
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Nausea Incidence in Varenicline-Treated Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Chenoweth Meghan J , Lerman Caryn , Knight Jo , Tyndale Rachel F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Varenicline is the most efficacious smoking cessation treatment; however, long-term cessation rates tend to be &lt;25%. Nausea, the most common side effect of varenicline, observed in ~28% of individuals treated, peaks early following treatment initiation and reduces cessation success. Genetic variation influences treatment response, however genetic contributors to individual differences in side effects are less understood.

Methods
We conducted a genome-wide association study of nausea incidence at 1 week following the initiation of varenicline treatment (corresponding to the target quit date) in 189 cigarette smokers of European ancestry (NCT01314001). Additive genetic models examining the likelihood of experiencing any versus no nausea controlled for population substructure, age, and sex. Variants with minor allele frequencies (MAF)≥10% were considered.

Results
Fifty-seven (30.2%) out of 189 participants reported nausea. The top variant associated with nausea was rs1568209 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.61 for A vs. G allele; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65,4.15; p = 2.1e-7; MAF = 48.7%), mapping to the SLCO3A1 drug transporter gene on chromosome 15. In the same trial, rs1568209 was not associated with nausea in either the nicotine patch (p = .56; n = 181) or placebo (p = .59; n = 174) arms. In varenicline-treated smokers, the incidence of nausea was higher in females (44.6%; n = 74) versus males (20.9%; n = 115) (p = .001), however there was no evidence of a difference in the influence of rs1568209 on nausea between the sexes (p for sex*genotype interaction = .36). Future studies in larger samples are required to test the robustness of this finding.

Conclusions
Variation in SLCO3A1 may influence the risk for developing nausea in varenicline-treated smokers, which may alter adherence and cessation.

Implications
Varenicline-associated nausea reduces adherence and limits cessation success. Previous candidate gene association studies showed genetic factors influence nausea on varenicline. This pilot genome-wide investigation of nausea, the most common side effect associated with varenicline treatment and an important cause of treatment discontinuation, suggests the potential involvement of common variation in the SLCO3A1 drug transporter gene.
A Multicenter Evaluation of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Treatment Outcomes in Immunocompromised Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections
Authors: Hart Delaney E , Gallagher Jason C , Puzniak Laura A , Hirsch Elizabeth B ,   C/T Alliance to deliver Real-world Evidence (CARE), Bandali Aiman , Beaulac Kirthana R , Bias Tiffany E , Biason Kenneth , Bland Christopher M , Boeser Kimberly , Chaudhry Saira , Claeys Kimberly C , Cubillos Ashley L , Dionne Brandon , Dixit Deepali , El-Beyrouty Claudine , Elabor Abdulrahman , Gancher Elizabeth , Guo Yi , Harrington Nicole , Heil Emily L , Hiles Jon , Jones Bruce M , King Madeline A , Lu Xiaoning , Mahoney Monica V , McCoy Dorothy , McCreary Erin K , Molnar Esther , Piche Ashley , Raddatz Janet K , Richards Lynette , Saraiya Nidhi , Satlin Michael J , Suh Jin , Virk Abinash , Vyas Nikunj M , Yu Daohai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Real-world data assessing outcomes of immunocompromised patients treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) are limited. This study evaluated treatment and clinical outcomes of immunocompromised patients receiving C/T for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Methods
This was a 14-center retrospective cohort study of adult immunocompromised inpatients treated for ≥24 hours with C/T for MDR P. aeruginosa infections. Patients were defined as immunocompromised if they had a history of previous solid organ transplant (SOT), disease that increased susceptibility to infection, or received immunosuppressive therapies. The primary outcomes were all-cause 30-day mortality and clinical cure.

Results
Sixty-nine patients were included; 84% received immunosuppressive agents, 68% had a history of SOT, and 29% had diseases increasing susceptibility to infection. The mean patient age was 57 ± 14 years, and the median (interquartile range) patient Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were 18 (13) and 5 (4), respectively, with 46% receiving intensive care unit care at C/T initiation. The most frequent infection sources were respiratory (56%) and wound (11%). All-cause 30-day mortality was 19% (n = 13), with clinical cure achieved in 47 (68%) patients. Clinical cure was numerically higher (75% vs 30%) in pneumonia patients who received 3-g pneumonia regimens vs 1.5-g regimens.

Conclusions
Of 69 immunocompromised patients treated with C/T for MDR P. aeruginosa, clinical cure was achieved in 68% and mortality was 19%, consistent with other reports on a cross-section of patient populations. C/T represents a promising agent for treatment of P. aeruginosa resistant to traditional antipseudomonal agents in this high-risk population.
Paralytic ileus in the neonate as a rare complication of maternal methadone treatment—a case report
Authors: Emery Joshua D , Samedi Veronica M , Bingham William T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Narcotic bowel syndrome is defined as worsening abdominal bloating and cramping with chronic opiate use, leading to paralytic ileus. This syndrome is common yet underreported in adults. However, there is no current evidence of such conditions in the newborn after exposure in utero to high doses of opiates. Our patient was a female indigenous preterm infant born to a mother on a high dose of methadone. On admission at the age of 12 h, she was found to have significant gastric distension. Initial abdominal X-ray showed a large gastric bubble with little evidence of rectal gas. Malrotation was suspected and surgical intervention was discussed. However, repeat abdominal X-ray, ultrasound and upper Gastrointestinal series were found to be normal and without acute findings. Thus, surgery was avoided. The gastric distension resolved spontaneously. She never required opiate therapy for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Given the pattern of gas seen on the initial abdominal X-ray and its spontaneous resolution after removal of maternal methadone, we suspect this baby had neonatal narcotic bowel syndrome. This has never been reported in the literature and is a unique finding. Given the lack of current reports, further observations for this syndrome should be conducted.
Outcome of Endoscope-Assisted Microvascular Decompression in Patients With Hemifacial Spasm Caused by Severe Indentation of the Brain Stem at the Pontomedullary Sulcus by the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
Authors: El Refaee Ehab , Fleck Steffen , Matthes Marc , Marx Sascha , Baldauf Joerg , Schroeder Henry W S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the most effective treatment option for hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, deeply located forms of compression would require proper identification to allow for adequate decompression.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the usefulness of endoscopic visualization in one of the most challenging compression patterns in HFS, where the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) loop is severely indenting the brain stem at the proximal root exit zone of facial nerve along the pontomedullary sulcus.

METHODS
Radiological and operative data were checked for all patients in whom severe indentation of the brainstem by PICA at pontomedullary sulcus was recorded and endoscope-assisted MVD was performed. Clinical correlation and outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS
A total of 58 patients with HFS were identified with radiological and surgical evidence proving brainstem indentation at the VII transitional zone. In 31 patients, PICA was the offending vessel to the facial nerve. In 3 patients, the PICA loop was mobilized under visualization of a 45° endoscope. A total of 31 patients had a mean follow-up duration of 52.1 mo. The mean duration between start of complaints and surgery was 7.2 yr. In the last follow-up, all patients had remarkable spasm improvement. A total of 5 patients had more than 90% disappearance of spasms and 26 patients experienced spasm-free outcome.

CONCLUSION
Although severe indentation of brain stem implies morphological damage, outcome after MVD is excellent. A 45° endoscope is extremely helpful to identify compression down at the pontomedullary sulcus. Deeply located compression site can easily be missed with microscopic inspection alone.
Roadblocks faced by graphene in replacing graphite in large-scale applications
Authors: Owuor Peter Samora , Khan Abdullah , Leon Carlos Leon y , Ozden Sehmus , Priestley Rodney , Arnold Craig , Chopra Nitin , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since its isolation by Geim and coworkers, graphene has received a lot of attention from the research community as well as industry. Interesting and groundbreaking research has been published on graphene showing excellent properties and a wide range of applications. It was thought that graphene could replace well-established applications currently being controlled by graphite. In this perspective, we review large-scale applications of graphite that we think graphene can replace. We also discuss niche applications that we think graphene can make inroads for large-scale applications.
Behind the Scenes: What is Parliamentary Performance and How Can We Measure It?
Authors: Schobess Richard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although evaluations of members of parliaments’ (MPs) parliamentary work have gained increasing public popularity, the academic literature on the concept and measurement of parliamentary performance is surprisingly scarce. Most studies analysing (aspects of) MPs’ parliamentary performance focus on quantitative parliamentary activity indicators only, thereby neglecting the quality and effectiveness of parliamentary work, and the importance of less visible parliamentary activities. This article introduces a conceptual framework of parliamentary performance as well as a more encompassing measurement approach, and provides a first empirical test of theoretically expected underlying dimensions on 325 Belgian MPs. This study proposes an innovative method relying on the collective expertise of MPs through peer assessment while controlling for potential rater effects. I demonstrate that parliamentary performance cannot be captured by parliamentary activity indicators alone. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses show that apart from three factors of parliamentary activity, two more qualitative factors (content and policy-making effectiveness) can be identified. The results suggest that future evaluations of MPs’ parliamentary work may need to include more qualitative elements.
Importance of the description of light interception in crop growth models
Authors: Liu Shouyang , Baret Frédéric , Abichou Mariem , Manceau Loïc , Andrieu Bruno , Weiss Marie , Martre Pierre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCanopy light interception determines the amount of energy captured by a crop, and is thus critical to modeling crop growth and yield, and may substantially contribute to the prediction uncertainty of crop growth models (CGMs). We thus analyzed the canopy light interception models of the 26 wheat (Triticum aestivum) CGMs used by the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP). Twenty-one CGMs assume that the light extinction coefficient (K) is constant, varying from 0.37 to 0.80 depending on the model. The other models take into account the illumination conditions and assume either that all green surfaces in the canopy have the same inclination angle (θ) or that θ distribution follows a spherical distribution. These assumptions have not yet been evaluated due to a lack of experimental data. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment with five cultivars with contrasting leaf stature sown at normal and double row spacing, and analyzed θ distribution in the canopies from three-dimensional canopy reconstructions. In all the canopies, θ distribution was well represented by an ellipsoidal distribution. We thus carried out an intercomparison between the light interception models of the AgMIP–Wheat CGMs ensemble and a physically based K model with ellipsoidal leaf angle distribution and canopy clumping (KellC). Results showed that the KellC model outperformed current approaches under most illumination conditions and that the uncertainty in simulated wheat growth and final grain yield due to light models could be as high as 45%. Therefore, our results call for an overhaul of light interception models in CGMs.
Transport, functions, and interaction of calcium and manganese in plant organellar compartments
Authors: He Jie , Rössner Nico , Hoang Minh T T , Alejandro Santiago , Peiter Edgar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+) and manganese (Mn2+) are essential elements for plants and have similar ionic radii and binding coordination. They are assigned specific functions within organelles, but share many transport mechanisms to cross organellar membranes. Despite their points of interaction, those elements are usually investigated and reviewed separately. This review takes them out of this isolation. It highlights our current mechanistic understanding and points to open questions of their functions, their transport, and their interplay in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vesicular compartments (Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network, pre-vacuolar compartment), vacuoles, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Complex processes demanding these cations, such as Mn2+-dependent glycosylation or systemic Ca2+ signaling, are covered in some detail if they have not been reviewed recently or if recent findings add to current models. The function of Ca2+ as signaling agent released from organelles into the cytosol and within the organelles themselves is a recurrent theme of this review, again keeping the interference by Mn2+ in mind. The involvement of organellar channels [e.g. glutamate receptor-likes (GLR), cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC), mitochondrial conductivity units (MCU), and two-pore channel1 (TPC1)], transporters (e.g. natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), Ca2+ exchangers (CAX), metal tolerance proteins (MTP), and bivalent cation transporters (BICAT)], and pumps [autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACA) and ER Ca2+-ATPases (ECA)] in the import and export of organellar Ca2+ and Mn2+ is scrutinized, whereby current controversial issues are pointed out. Mechanisms in animals and yeast are taken into account where they may provide a blueprint for processes in plants, in particular, with respect to tunable molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ versus Mn2+ selectivity.
Acquiring Core Investigative Interviewing Skills in Police Academy Training
Authors: Mount David , Mazerolle Lorraine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ability of a police officer to elicit case-relevant information from a witness, victim, or suspect of a crime is a fundamental component of policing capability. The skills required to conduct an effective interview are not innate requiring police officers to be formally trained. The structural design, teaching, and assessment methods employed in the delivery of investigative interviewing training are assumed to directly impact a trainee’s level of engagement and level of interviewing knowledge and skills acquired. This paper uses a qualitative case study approach to observe how core investigative interviewing skills are acquired through formal training. Our findings suggest a relationship between the adult learning construct adopted, the levels of learner engagement generated, and the achievement of desired learning outcomes. Our findings will inform future designs of investigative interviewing training that seek to maximize both learning outcomes and returns on resource investments.
Predicting relapse in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: King Catherine , Druce Katie L , Nightingale Peter , Kay Ellen , Basu Neil , Salama Alan D , Harper Lorraine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Relapses affect 30–50% of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) over 5 years, necessitating long-term treatment. Although there have been studies looking at predictors of relapse in AAV, this research has yet to translate clinically into guidance on tailored therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and meta-analyse existing risk factors from the literature and produce a model to calculate individualised patient risk of relapse.

Method
A search strategy was developed to include all studies identifying predictors of AAV relapse using multivariate analysis. Individual risk factors were extracted and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) calculated. A model to predict the time to first relapse based on identified risk factors was tested retrospectively using a cohort of patients with AAV.

Results
The review of 2674 abstracts identified 117 papers for full text review, with 16 eligible for inclusion. Pooled HRs were calculated from significant risk factors, including anti-PR3 ANCA positivity [HR 1.69 (95% CI 1.46, 1.94)], cardiovascular involvement [HR 1.78 (95% CI 1.26, 2.53)], creatinine &gt;200 µmol/l (relative to creatinine ≤100) [HR 0.39 (95% CI 0.22, 0.69)] and creatinine 101–200 µmol/l [HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.77, 0.85)]. Using data from 182 AAV patients to validate the model gave a C-statistic of 0.61.

Conclusion
Anti-PR3 ANCA positivity, lower serum creatinine and cardiovascular system involvement are all associated with an increased risk of relapse, and a combination of these risk factors can be used to predict the individualised risk of relapse. In order to produce a clinically useful model to stratify risk, we need to identify more risk factors, with a focus on robust biomarkers.
Dynamics of Research and Strategic Trading
Authors: Banerjee Snehal , Breon-Drish Bradyn 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study how dynamic research affects information acquisition in financial markets. In our strategic trading model, the trader performs costly research to generate private information but does not always succeed. Optimal research activity responds to market conditions and generates novel implications. First, more frequent public disclosures can “crowd in” private information acquisition, increase price informativeness, and harm liquidity, instead of “leveling the playing field.” Second, observed research activity does not necessarily imply that traders are better informed. Finally, improvements in research effectiveness or higher market participation by uninformed investors can simultaneously increase price informativeness and liquidity.