bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection causes endothelial cell Tau aggregation: evidence for an endothelial tauopathy (1176.5)
Authors: Morrow Kyle , Ochoa Cristhiaan , Alexeyev Mikhail , Frank Dara , Balczon Ronald , Stevens Troy 
Published: June 2021

Our laboratory recently demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme Y (ExoY) stimulates Tau hyperphosphorylation and insolubility ‐ hallmarks of a “Tauopathy”. Unlike neurodegenerative Tauopathies, we did not observe formation of Tau aggregates indicating that other pathogenic factors may be required to elicit a full spectrum Tauopathy. Thus, we tested whether P. aeruginosa ExoU induces Tau aggregation, causing an acute infectious Tauopathy. Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were engineered to conditionally (Tet‐On) express codon‐optimized activity‐attenuated mutant ExoU encoding both myc‐ and protein degradation domain‐epitopes. Multiple strains of P. aeruginosa have been generated that allow systematic investigation of exoenzyme function. The background bacterial strain is PA103, a clinically relevant strain that possesses ExoU. We also used a strain that introduces only ExoY (ExoY+) to infect PMVECs. PMVEC gap formation was induced in a time‐dependent manner following ExoY+ infection as well as by doxycycline‐induced ExoU expression or PA103 infection. Cell extracts and supernatants were collected and immunoblotted with pan‐Tau and Tau oligomer‐specific antibodies. Gap formation was paralleled by a loss in intracellular Tau expression and hyperphosphorylation, with an increase in extracellular Tau oligomers. ExoU induces endothelial cell Tau release and aggregation, suggesting P. aeruginosa causes an endothelial Tauopathy.Grant Funding Source: HL66299, HL60024
Development of respiratory pattern in mice (1177.1)
Authors: Bissonnette John , Knopp Sharon 
Published: June 2021

Maturation of mouse respiratory pattern in vivo has been studied (Euro J Neurosci 17:1233, 2003). The results, however, were grouped at P0‐P2. In vitro recordings from en block late embryonic rat brainstem spinal cord preparation showed prolonged neuronal activity in cervical ventral root 5 bursts (J Neurophysiol 67:996, 1992). Here we show in C57BL6/J mice a change in respiratory pattern from P0.5 to P2. Studies were performed with body plethysmography at ~32°C. This system (J Appl Physiol 56:1533, 1984) determines inspiratory and expiratory flow. At P0.5 (wt=1.38±0.08g) TI showed a sustained plateau pattern lasting 253±17 ms. TE (173±14 ms) was shorter resulting in a duty cycle (TI/TTOT) of 0.59±0.01. Respiratory frequency increased from 145±9 bpm at P0.5 to 188±19 at P2 (wt=1.73±.05g). The increase in frequency was entirely due to a change in TI that decreased from 253±17 to 135±11 ms. Inspiratory flow no longer showed a plateau during most breaths. TE remained constant over the first 2 postnatal days (173±14 vs 208±22 ms). TI/TTOT was reduced from 0.59±0.01 to 0.40±0.01. The results suggest that pontine pneumotactic centre and/or its afferent inputs are no fully mature in P0.5 mice.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Rett Syndrome Research Trust
Inspiratory occlusion pressure as a measure of hypoxic ventilatory drive (1178.14)
Authors: Gaio Eduardo , De La Zerda David , Soler Xavier , Ries Andrew , Powell Frank 
Published: June 2021

The pressure generated during the first 0.1 sec of an occluded inspiration (P0.1) has been proposed as a measure of neural ventilatory drive that is independent of respiratory mechanics. We attempted to validate P0.1 as a measure of hypoxic ventilatory drive against traditional measurement of the isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). Ten healthy subjects breathed through a mask and non‐rebreathing valve. The HVR ([[Unsupported Character ‐ Symbol Font □]]Ventilation / ‐[[Unsupported Character ‐ Symbol Font □]]SaO2) was measured when inspired O2 decreased from 30% to 10% and end‐tidal PCO2 was held constant 2‐3 Torr above the level measured on 30% O2. The change in P0.1 (averaged over 3 randomly occluded breaths) was measured under the same conditions. HVR averaged 0.87 + 0.62 L/(min %) and the change in P0.1 with hypoxia was 0.16 + 0.12 cm H2O/%; the two responses were not correlated across all subjects. HVR was < 0.10 in 3 subjects but only 2 of these subjects had a low P0.1 response (<0.06) and another subject with a P0.1 response < 0.06 had HVR > 0.10. Reanalysis of previous HVR data collected in our laboratory shows the HVR is not significantly different within subjects (n=6) between 2 trials in 1 day, or between 4 trials over 4 days. Additional measurements of P0.1 hypoxic response reproducibility are necessary to evaluate if it can be used to test for time‐dependent changes in the HVR of patients with hypoxemia from chronic lung disease.NIH RO1 HL‐081823, P01 HL‐098053 and CAPES‐10326/12‐0Grant Funding Source: NIH RO1 HL‐081823, P01 HL‐098053 and CAPES‐10326/12‐0
Dorsolateral PAG mediates respiratory arousal in rats (1178.3)
Authors: Monteiro Matheus , Mendes‐Junior Leônidas , Guimaraes Drielle , Nalivaiko Eugene , Braga Valdir 
Published: June 2021

Our aim was to determine whether dorsolateral PAG (dl‐PAG) mediates respiratory responses to novel environment, sudden stimuli and restraint stress. Guide cannulas were implanted bilaterally in 6 adult male Wistar rats. On different days, either saline of GABAA agonist muscimol (100 pg/200 nl) were microinjected into the dl‐PAG, and respiratory signal was recorded using whole‐body plethysmography during adaptation period (30 min), following presentation of acoustic stimuli (500‐ms white noise at 70, 80 and 90 dB), and during restraint. Placing animal in the plethysmograph elicited exploratory behaviour, including vigorous sniffing; blockade of the dl‐PAG substantially attenuated these changes. Acoustic stimuli elicited short‐latency tachypneic responses; administration of muscimol did not affect their amplitude but increased latency of responses to 80‐ and 90‐dB stimuli. Restraint stress provoked sustained increase in the dominant respiratory rate associated with the fraction of time spent at high (>250 cpm) respiratory frequency; blockade of dl‐PAG attenuated the later effect. We conclude that the integrity of the dl‐PAG is essential for mediating respiratory changes associated with active coping.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Capes PVE 088/2012 and CNPq
Luminal 5‐HT induces HCO3‐ secretion via 5‐HT4 in rat proximal colon (1181.11)
Authors: Kaji Izumi , Akiba Yasutada , Kaunitz Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), contained in enterochromaffin cells, is abundantly produced throughout the gastrointestinal tract. 5‐HT is released into the gut lumen and into the submucosa, although reports of its luminal activity and function, with particular reference to ion transport, are infrequent. In rat proximal colon, short‐circuit current (Isc), as measured in Ussing‐chambered mucosa‐submucosa preparations, was gradually increased to a sustained value following the luminal application of 5‐HT (10 ‐ 100 μM). Increasing in Isc was NKCC1‐independent but carbonic anhydrase‐dependent, consistent with electrogenic HCO3‐ secretion. The neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) or cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin did not alter the response to luminal 5‐HT. Pretreatment with forskolin abolished the response to luminal 5‐HT, indicating that cAMP mediates 5‐HT‐induced ion secretion. Luminal pretreatment with the 5‐HT4 receptor antagonist GR113808 (1 μM), but not with 5‐HT2 or 5‐HT6 antagonists, inhibited the response to luminal 5‐HT, whereas serosal GR113808 had no effect. Furthermore, the luminal 5‐HT4 agonist cisapride increased Isc to the same extent as did 5‐HT. These results suggest that a novel mucosal 5‐HT4‐mediated HCO3‐ secretory pathway is present in the colon. Luminal 5‐HT4 may be important in the maintenance of luminal pH and pCO2, while preserving adequate luminal fluid volume.Grant Funding Source: VA Merit Review, NIH R01 DK54221, JSPS
Blunted increases in vertebral blood flow during L‐arginine infusion in patients with hypertension (1183.5)
Authors: Vianna Lauro , Fernandes Igor , Barbosa Thales , Amaral Tatiana , Rocha Natalia , Secher Niels , Nóbrega Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Arterial hypertension (AH) has detrimental effects on the physiological mechanisms that regulate blood supply to the brain. However, little is known about the impact of human AH on cerebral endothelial function. In 21 men, 13 hypertensive patients (46±3 yr) and 8 age‐matched controls (Ctrl; 44±4 yr), blood pressure (Finometer) and blood flow (Doppler) in the main arteries delivering blood to the cortex (common carotid, CC) and brainstem (vertebral, VA) were simultaneously measured at rest and during 30 min of intravenous infusion of L‐arginine (30g) or saline. We systematically administered L‐arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide, to examine the nitric oxide‐mediated regional cerebral vasomotor regulation. Compared to controls, patients with AH had similar resting CC (AH: 601±30 vs. Ctrl: 571±43 mL/min) and VA blood flow (AH: 109±11 vs. Ctrl: 105±11 mL/min). On administration of L‐arginine, the CC blood flow was similarly increased in both groups (AH: +11±4% vs. Ctrl: +13±3% at 25‐30 min). In contrast, increases in VA blood flow were blunted in AH patients (AH: +1±3% vs. Ctrl: +16±4% at 25‐30 min; P<0.05). BP decreased by ‐5±3% (P<0.05) in both groups during L‐arginine infusion. All variables returned near resting values after infusion. Blood flow and BP were unchanged during saline infusion. Our results indicate a diminished endothelial function within the brainstem circulation of patients with hypertension.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ.
Oscillatory cerebral blood flow in postural tachycardia syndrome (1183.7)
Authors: Del Pozzi Andrew , Medow Marvin , Stewart Julian 
Published: June 2021

Measureable upright cognitive loss occurs in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Some POTS patients have impaired cognition associated with an excessive decrease in mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) equivalent to a loss of static autoregulation. More often, however, CBF is not decreased but a demonstrable loss of neurovascular coupling occurs and may result from time dependent changes in CBF. We tested the hypothesis that CBF changes comprise increased oscillatory CBF in POTS (N=10, age 17‐28 y) compared to healthy volunteers (N=9) by measuring changes in CBF velocity (CBFv) using transcranial Doppler ultrasound of the left middle cerebral artery during a 70° upright tilt. Total amplitude and peak power of heart rate, BP, and CBFv variability (V) were measured over an extended frequency range of 0.01 to 0.5 Hz using Welch’s method. Nonlinear methods were used to compute phase synchronization between MAP and CBFv. Upright HR was increased in POTS (128±7 vs 85±3 bpm), as was diastolic BP (74±3 vs 64±3 mmHg) Peripheral resistance, cardiac output, and mean CBFv were not different. Upright amplitude, peak power, and peak frequency of HRV were increased in POTS (p<.01) (11.1±1.2 centered at .088 Hz vs 7.6±1.1ms/Hz centered at 0.068Hz and 8.3±1.1 vs 4.2±0.7•!08ms2), as for BPV (p<.01) (9.2±0.8 vs 6.0±0.7mmHg/Hz centered at .086 Hz and 15.4±4.7 vs 3.0±1.1•!08mmHg2 centered at 0.70Hz), and for CBFV (pCBFv phase synchronization was much larger in POTS compared to control (P<.004) (0.97±0.01 vs 0.76±0.11).When upright POTS patients have increased BP oscillations (Mayer) waves with disproportionately increased oscillations of CBFv occurring at a higher frequency than control. These observations cannot be interpreted within the framework of a linear Ohmic relationship between BP and CBF but rather indicate increased coupling of BP to CBFv in POTS when upright. Large oscillatory CBF has been shown to subvert neurovascular coupling in animal models.Grant Funding Source: NHLBI
Methodological considerations for cerebrovascular reactivity testing and analysis (1184.3)
Authors: Inskip Jessica , Ravensbergen Rianne , O'Connor Shawn , Claydon Victoria 
Published: June 2021

The cerebral microvasculature is exquisitely sensitive to carbon dioxide (CO2) and this cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is often used as a measure of cerebrovascular function. However, a review of the current literature reveals that the details of CVR protocols and analyses vary considerably between research groups. The objective of this study is to determine the sensitivity of CVR to these methodologies.We used dynamic end‐tidal forcing to measure CVR to CO2 under conditions of controlled normoxia, hypoxia and hyperoxia. Low levels of end‐tidal CO2 were obtained by hyperventilation; high levels by hypoventilation with added inspired CO2. Supine blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) were continuously recorded, as were inspired and expired oxygen (O2) and CO2.Here we discuss the physiological implications of different analysis techniques and also consider the effects on quantitative outcomes. We include the rationale and results of: different types of curve fitting; methods of normalizing MCAv; accounting for blood pressure changes; controlling O2; and introducing a phase lag between end‐tidal CO2 and MCAv.It is difficult to know whether CVR results are widely generalizable, or reflect unique protocols or analyses. This work is intended to stimulate discussion and encourage the publication of transparent methods in an effort to improve research reproducibility.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of B.C. and Yukon (V.E.C.)
Improving the management in a complex system of medical and social rehabilitation of the Republic of Kazakhstan (1185.5)
Authors: Bayserkina Farida 
Published: June 2021

To study the patterns of formation and structure the causes of childhood disability and to develop a management model of preventive, treatment and rehabilitation measures to reduce disability of children in the Republic of Kazakhstan.We studied the nature and frequency of using medical advices to perform them at home, the organization of practical training of parents, the massage techniques, as well as some other medical rehabilitation activities, the awareness of parents on a number of issues related to the disease and treatment of child health clinics role in health education of the family.The study of the relationship of a family to conduct rehabilitation treatment in outpatient conditions using questionnaires and interviews revealed that the vast majority (97.2%) of parents who thought it as a mandatory.Guidelines for the rehabilitation at home through physiotherapy sessions and conducting the certain types of massage carried out even less (48.9%). According to experts the prescribed treatment was not completed due to lack of health education work with parents during the course of rehabilitation. The survey of mothers found that more than one third (36.5%) did not know the cause of the disease and its possible consequences in connection with what the child is not engaged regularly or not at all designated procedures, which reduced the effectiveness of the treatment of children with disabilities.
Organization of work experience in prevention of sexually transmitted infections and viral human immunodeficiency‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in commercial sex worker groups (1185.7)
Authors: Danbayeva Zh. 
Published: June 2021

According to WHO experts, community health at the present time is linked to the 55‐60% of the lifestyle and personal behavior of the person.Due to the current epidemiological situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan on HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), has acquired special urgency on behavioral factor that focuses on youth.The main epidemiological role in the spread of STIs owned by high‐risk groups: sex workers, injecting drug users.The traditional restrictive practices of STI clinics in relation to CSW and cooperation in this area with the police led to negative attitudes of sex workers community towards public health services. One of the ways to achieve the transformation of consciousness of CSW is the organization of CSW‐friendly clinics.In addition to CSW, other vulnerable populations, including injecting‐drug users, men who have sex with men, adolescents should be provided with medical care in such clinics. Creating a friendly offices (clinics) and professionally providing assistance to persons in high‐risk behaviorswill help prevent infections, sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in groups. The deployment of these clinics on the basis of STI clinics and AIDS centers ensures access of vulnerable groups to health care and prevention of STI\HIV at the level at which it is accessible by other people. It is important that the friendly relaxed atmosphere is created in the clinic, allowing members of high‐risk behavior groups to freely consult with medical professionals.Medical assistance and advisory services should not be linked to the provision of any information about the patient's personality.Frequent causes of failure of vulnerable groups from seeking medical organizations are concerns about the lack of confidentiality, potential limitations associated with permanent residence.
Determinants of the gap between breastfeeding knowledge and practices in Vietnamese mothers (119.1)
Authors: Nguyen Tuan , Nguyen Phuong , Hajeebhoy Nemat 
Published: June 2021

We conducted this analysis to examine determinants of the knowledge‐practice gap in early and exclusive breastfeeding (BF). In a cross‐sectional survey, we interviewed 10,834 mothers with children aged 0−23 months old in 11 of 63 provinces of Viet Nam about BF practices, knowledge, barriers and support. The knowledge‐practice gap was defined when a mother knew about the benefit but did not perform the corresponding practice. The proportion of mothers with a knowledge‐practice gap in early and exclusive BF was 34% and 66%, respectively. Mothers were ~10% less likely to have a knowledge‐practice gap in early BF if they received BF advice and support from a health worker during pregnancy or at birth (P < 0.05; Poisson regression). The gap, however, was 60%, 140% and 20% more likely to occur among those with hospital delivery, cesarean delivery and BF difficulty, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). For exclusive BF, a 25% reduction in the gap was found if a mother believed that people who are important to her support exclusive BF (P < 0.001). A 5% increase in the gap was found among mothers who were exposed to infant formula advertising daily (P < 0.01). To reduce the knowledge‐practice gap in early BF, programs should focus on strengthening support by health staff and minimizing health‐facility related barriers. For exclusive BF, programs should focus on addressing socio‐cultural barriers.Grant Funding Source: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive Initiative, managed by FHI360
BMI and race/ethnicity differences on satiety and food intake among women (120.7)
Authors: Park Eunyoung , Huang Yancui , Edirisinghe Indika , Kelley Michael , Kergoat Sophie , Inui Taichi , Randolph Jody , Burton‐Freeman Britt 
Published: June 2021

Obesity has increased significantly over the last 30 years, with racial/ethnic groups (RE) disproportionately affected. Few investigations have examined the effect of RE on hunger/satiety and food intake behavior. In a 2‐arm cross‐over study, we examined the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and RE to subjective satiety and snack intake using a modified preload paradigm with gum chewing (GUM) or no gum control (CTL) as a means to enhance the satiety response to lunch preload. Fifty unrestrained healthy weight and obese (1:1 ratio) women completed the study. RE: Caucasian, African America (AA), Asian, Hispanic, balanced between BMI groups. GUM compared to CTL resulted in significant suppression of hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption (p<0.05 for all controlling for BMI and RE). Snack intake was marginally reduced by GUM (p=0.08). Post‐hoc analyses indicated significant (p<0.05) differences by RE on all subjective satiety measures, which corresponded to RE snack intake 3 h after lunch. Effects appeared to be specific to AA women and sweet snacks (p=0.003) and were not predicted by differences in insulin, glucose or CCK responses. These data offer new insight for understanding the influence of RE on satiety and snack intake.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Wrigley (A subsidiary of Mars Incorporated)
Metabolic syndrome symptoms are reduced in C57BL/6J mice fed high‐fat diets supplemented with apple and cherry extracts, quercetin, and ellagic acid (121.2)
Authors: Smith Sarah , Zhao Bingxin , Kaiser Clive , Shay Neil 
Published: June 2021

We are evaluating metabolic improvements and gene expression changes in mice fed phytochemicals present in apples, sweet cherries, and polyphenol‐rich extracts derived from these fruits. Polyphenol‐rich extracts were produced by solid phase extraction and column chromatography. Extracts and purified compounds were mixed into a high‐fat (60% of total kcal) obesigenic rodent diet and fed to C57BL/6J mice along with low‐fat and high‐fat control diets. Mice fed the high‐fat control diet became obese and lost normal glucose control. Mice fed high‐fat diets containing these extracts and purified compounds exhibited improved metabolic parameters compared to mice fed the high‐fat control diet. For example, after a 6‐week feeding period, high fat‐fed mice provided quercetin (Q) or ellagic acid (EA) in their diet gained 17% and 12% less body fat, respectively (P< 0.05) despite consuming equal amounts of diet. Apple (AE)‐ and cherry extract (CE)‐fed mice gained 30% and 12% less body fat, respectively (P<0.05), again with no reduction in food intake. Six‐hour fasted blood glucose levels were measured and AE‐, CE‐, Q‐, and EA‐supplemented HF‐fed, these mice had lower baseline blood glucose levels and both AE‐ and Q‐supplemented mice had reduced area under the curve (glucose x time) in a 2‐hour glucose tolerance test (P < 0.05). Compounds present in apples and cherries including quercetin and ellagic acid appear to be producing beneficial metabolic effects in this model of metabolic disease.Grant Funding Source: Blue Mountain Horticultural Society