bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-application of high temperature biochar with 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate treated ammonium sulphate improves nitrogen use efficiency in maize
Authors: Hailegnaw Niguss Solomon , Mercl Filip , Kulhánek Martin , Száková Jiřina , Tlustoš Pavel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed on the increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of maize via the use of high temperature produced biochar (700 °C). Maize was grown to maturity on two contrasting soils (acidic Cambisol and neutral Chernozem) in pots with a treatment of biochar co-applied with ammonium sulphate stabilised by a nitrification inhibitor (3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate, DMPP) or un-stabilised. The combination of biochar with ammonium sulphate containing DMPP increased maize biomass yield up to 14%, N uptake up to 34% and NUE up to 13.7% compared to the sole application of ammonium sulphate containing DMPP. However, the combination of biochar with un-stabilised ammonium sulphate (without DMPP) had a soil-specific influence and increased maize biomass only by 3.8%, N uptake by 27% and NUE by 11% only in acidic Cambisol. Further, the biochar was able to increase the uptake of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in both stabilised and un-stabilised treatments of ammonium sulphate. Generally, this study demonstrated a superior effect from the combined application of biochar with ammonium sulphate containing DMPP, which improved NUE, uptake of P, K and increased maize biomass yield. Such a combination may lead to higher efficiency of fertilisation practices and reduce the amount of N fertiliser to be applied.
RAGE ligands stimulate angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1) via RAGE/AT1 complex on the cell membrane
Authors: Yokoyama Serina , Kawai Tatsuo , Yamamoto Koichi , Yibin Huang , Yamamoto Hiroko , Kakino Akemi , Takeshita Hikari , Nozato Yoichi , Fujimoto Taku , Hongyo Kazuhiro , Takahashi Toshimasa , Nakagami Futoshi , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Sugimoto Ken , Sawamura Tatsuya , Rakugi Hiromi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and the G protein-coupled angiotensin II (AngII) type I receptor (AT1) play a central role in cardiovascular diseases. It was recently reported that RAGE modifies AngII-mediated AT1 activation via the membrane oligomeric complex of the two receptors. In this study, we investigated the presence of the different directional crosstalk in this phenomenon, that is, the RAGE/AT1 complex plays a role in the signal transduction pathway of RAGE ligands. We generated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing RAGE and AT1, mutated AT1, or AT2 receptor. The activation of two types of G protein α-subunit, Gq and Gi, was estimated through the accumulation of inositol monophosphate and the inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP production, respectively. Rat kidney epithelial cells were used to assess RAGE ligand-induced cellular responses. We determined that RAGE ligands activated Gi, but not Gq, only in cells expressing RAGE and wildtype AT1. The activation was inhibited by an AT1 blocker (ARB) as well as a RAGE inhibitor. ARBs inhibited RAGE ligand-induced ERK phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of rat renal epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that the activation of AT1 plays a central role in RAGE-mediated cellular responses and elucidate the role of a novel molecular mechanism in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Profiling of three H3F3A-mutated and denosumab-treated giant cell tumors of bone points to diverging pathways during progression and malignant transformation
Authors: Hasenfratz Marc , Mellert Kevin , Marienfeld Ralf , von Baer Alexandra , Schultheiss Markus , Roitman P. D. , Aponte-Tinao L. A. , Lehner Burkhard , Möller Peter , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Barth Thomas F. E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive lesion of intermediate malignancy. Malignant transformation of GCTB is a rare event. In 2013, the humanized monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb-Ligand (RANKL) denosumab was approved for treatment of advanced GCTB. Since then, several reports have questioned the role of denosumab during occasional malignant transformation of GCTB. We report on three patients with H3F3A-mutated GCTBs, treated with denosumab. The tissue samples were analysed by histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and in two instances by next generation panel sequencing of samples before and after treatment. One patient had a mutation of ARID2 in the recurrence of the GCTB under treatment with denosumab. One patient developed a pleomorphic sarcoma and one an osteoblastic osteosarcoma during treatment. Sequencing revealed a persisting H3F3A mutation in the osteosarcoma while the pleomorphic sarcoma lost the H3F3A mutation; however, a FGFR1 mutation, both in the recurrence and in the pleomorphic sarcoma persisted. In addition, the pleomorphic sarcoma showed an AKT2 and a NRAS mutation. These data are inconclusive concerning the role denosumab plays in the event of malignant progression/transformation of GCTB and point to diverging pathways of tumor progression of GCTB associated with this treatment.
Next generation of anti-PD-L1 Atezolizumab with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in vivo
Authors: Li Maohua , Zhao Rongqing , Chen Jianxin , Tian Wenzhi , Xia Chenxi , Liu Xudong , Li Yingzi , Li Song , Sun Hunter , Shen Tong , Ren Wenlin , Sun Le 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFDA-approved anti-PD-L1 antibody drug Atezolizumab is a human IgG1 without glycosylation by an N297A mutation. Aglycosylation of IgG1 has been used to completely remove the unwanted Fc-mediated functions such as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, aglycosylated Atezolizumab is unstable and easy to form aggregates. Here, we report the development of the anti-PD-L1 antibody drug Maxatezo, a glycosylated version of Atezolizumab, with no ADCC activity, better thermo-stability, and significantly improved anti-tumor activity in vivo. Using Atezolizumab as the starting template, we back-mutated A297N to re-install the glycosylation, and inserted a short, flexible amino acid sequence (GGGS) between G237 and G238 in the hinge region of the IgG1 heavy chain. Our data shows that insertion of GGGS, does not alter the anti-PD-L1′s affinity and inhibitory activity, while completely abolishing ADCC activity. Maxatezo has a similar glycosylation profile and expression level (up to 5.4 g/L) as any normal human IgG1. Most importantly, Maxatezo’s thermal stability is much better than Atezolizumab, as evidenced by dramatic increases of Tm1 from 63.55 °C to 71.01 °C and Taggfrom 60.7 °C to 71.2 °C. Furthermore, the levels of ADA in mice treated with Maxatezo were significantly lower compared with animals treated with Atezolizumab. Most importantly, at the same dose (10 mg/kg), the tumor growth inhibition rate of Maxatezo was 98%, compared to 68% for Atezolizumab.
Transcriptomic responses to aluminum stress in tea plant leaves
Authors: Huang Danjuan , Gong Ziming , Chen Xun , Wang Hongjuan , Tan Rongrong , Mao Yingxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a well-known Al-accumulating plant, showing a high level of aluminum (Al) tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance and accumulation are poorly understood. We carried out transcriptome analysis of tea plant leaves in response to three different Al levels (0, 1, 4 mM, for 7 days). In total, 794, 829 and 585 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in 4 mM Al vs. 1 mM Al, 0 Al vs. 1 mM Al, and 4 mM Al vs. 0 Al comparisons, respectively. Analysis of genes related to polysaccharide and cell wall metabolism, detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular transport, and signal transduction were involved in the Al stress response. Furthermore, the transcription factors such as zinc finger, myeloblastosis (MYB), and WRKY played a critical role in transcriptional regulation of genes associated with Al resistance in tea plant. In addition, the genes involved in phenolics biosynthesis and decomposition were overwhelmingly upregulated in the leaves treated with either 0 Al and 4 mM Al stress, indicating they may play an important role in Al tolerance. These results will further help us to understand mechanisms of Al stress and tolerance in tea plants regulated at the transcriptional level.
A novel model based on Sequential Adaptive Memory for English–Hindi Translation
Authors: Saini Sandeep , Sahula Vineet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMachine‐based language translation has been certainly picking up. Still, machines lag behind the cognitive powers of human beings. Neural Machine Translation (NMT) methods require huge datasets and computational power for high‐quality translation. A novel Sequential Adaptive Memory (SAM) cognitive model‐based machine translation system for English to Hindi translation, was proposed. This model is an augmented version of the Cortical Learning Algorithm (CLA). The SAM is based on the architecture of the neocortex region of the brain, where speech and language comprehension and production take place. The proposed model is capable of learning with smaller datasets. This model employs the sequence to sequence learning approach, which provides better quality translation. It enables the creation of word pairs, dictionaries, and rules for translation. The results of the proposed approach are compared with the traditional phrase‐based SMT approach as well as with the state‐of‐the‐art NMT approach. The results are comparable with the results of the conventional approaches. We illustrate that the limitations of the approaches are won over by the proposed SAM approach. It is observed that SAM is capable of exhibiting satisfactory quality translation for low resource languages as well.
Modelling and vector control of dual three‐phase PMSM with one‐phase open
Authors: Hu Yashan , Zhu Z. Q. , Wu Zhan‐yuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a generic mathematical modelling and decoupling fault‐tolerant vector control for dual three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with one phase open based on the conventional dual three‐phase voltage source inverters, accounting for the mutual coupling between two sets of three‐phase windings and the second harmonic inductance. When the dual three‐phase PMSM has one phase open, the permanent flux‐linkages are asymmetric and there are second harmonic components in the conventional synchronous reference frame (dq‐frame). Based on the proposed mathematical modelling, both permanent magnet flux‐linkages and currents become DC values in the dq‐frame, and therefore, the conventional proportional integral (PI) controller can be used to regulate the dq‐axis currents. Then, a decoupling fault‐tolerant vector control with/without a dedicated feed‐forward compensation is proposed to validate the correctness of the proposed mathematical modelling. Experimental results on a prototype dual three‐phase PMSM with one phase open show that the second harmonic dq‐axis currents can be well suppressed simply by the conventional PI controller and dedicated feed‐forward compensation. It also shows that the decoupling fault‐tolerant control based on the proposed modelling and control method has excellent dynamic performance, which is equivalent to the vector space decomposition control for the healthy machine.
A wideband high dynamic range triple‐stacked FET dual‐shunt distributed analogue voltage controlled attenuator
Authors: Nguyen Duy P. , Tran Xuan‐Tu , Pham Anh‐Vu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe authors present a novel wideband two‐dimensional voltage‐controlled attenuator (VCA). The proposed design employs both stacked‐FET configuration and distributed structure to achieve wideband performance, high power, and high dynamic range simultaneously. A systematic design methodology is also illustrated along with a fabricated prototype to verify the concept. The chip fabricated in a 0.15‐μm Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) process exhibiting a measured power at 1‐dB compression (P1dB) of 25.5 dBm with a corresponding dynamic range of 32 dB. The insertion loss ranges from 2 to 5 dB over the bandwidth from 2 to 40 GHz. Furthermore, the chip is not only very compact (0.84 mm2), but it also requires only a single positive supply voltage, which makes it more appealing to highly integrated wireless applications.
Compact 0.5–18 GHz double‐ridged guide horn antenna
Authors: Jacobs Bennie , Odendaal Johann W. , Joubert Johan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBroadband double‐ridged guide horn (DRGH) antennas are extensively used in antenna measurement and electromagnetic compatibility and interference testing, especially the 1–18 GHz DRGH antenna which is widely accepted as a standard for this band. Certain deficiencies in the radiation patterns have been identified and corrected by several authors, but the use was still limited to the 1–18 GHz frequency band. The incorporation of absorber materials and lenses has resulted in horn antennas with wider bandwidths; however, this complicates the manufacturing process and restricts these designs to lower power applications. Simulated and measured results for a new 0.5–18 GHz (36:1) DRGH antenna are presented here. The wider bandwidth is made possible by a new cavity design and optimising the design of the other antenna sections to allow wideband operation without using a lens or absorber. The new design has double the bandwidth ratio and is very compact, with an aperture size of 26.4 cm × 15.2 cm; the aperture sides are less than 12% larger than the sides of the aperture of the conventional 1–18 GHz DRGH antenna (24.2 cm × 13.6 cm).
An approach to achieve directional low‐profile antenna of quintuple stable pattern band by utilising dipole with compound concave corrugated reflector
Authors: Ren Chaofan , Geng Junping , Zhou Han , Wang Kun , Liang Xianling , Zhu Weiren , Jin Ronghong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn approach to achieve directional low‐profile UWB antenna by omnidirectional source with a reflector, is proposed. The general theoretical model about the direction and the phase conditions between the upward and reflected field are developed. A bow‐tie dipole source antenna is investigated first. To modify its radiation defect, proper phase equations between the original upward field and the reflected downward field are derived so that the aperture field becomes uniform enough to guarantee directional radiation. The concave‐shaped reflector is primarily adopted to satisfy the phase conditions. Then the concave‐shaped reflector is decorated with corrugated structure to realize good impedance matching within the wide band. Consequently, the split beams caused by multiple long linear currents with phase difference at high frequency is focussed while the directivity at low frequency is also improved. The prototype antenna was fabricated with a profile of 20.5 mm, about 0.156 λ
max (maximum wavelength in the work band), and the measured impedance bandwidth of VSWR ≤ 2.2 is over 2.27–26 GHz. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate the stable directional patterns within the quintuple band (2–10.5 GHz). The realised gain is over 7 dBi within the band (2–10.5 GHz) and peak is over 12 dBi.
Using space-VLBI to probe gravity around Sgr A*
Authors: Fromm C. M. , Mizuno Y. , Younsi Z. , Olivares H. , Porth O. , De Laurentis M. , Falcke H. , Kramer M. , Rezzolla L. 
Published: March 2021

Context. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) will soon provide the first high-resolution images of the Galactic Centre supermassive black hole candidate Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), enabling us to probe gravity in the strong-field regime. In addition to studying the accretion process in extreme environments, the obtained data and reconstructed images could be used to investigate the underlying spacetime structure. In its current configuration, EHT is able to distinguish between a rotating Kerr black hole and a horizon-less object such as a boson star. Future developments can increase the ability of EHT to tell different spacetimes apart.
Aims. We investigate the capability of an advanced EHT concept, including an orbiting space antenna, to image and distinguish different spacetimes around Sgr A*.
Methods. We used general-relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of accreting compact objects (Kerr and dilaton black holes as well as boson stars) and computed their radiative signatures via general-relativistic radiative transfer. To facilitate a comparison with upcoming and future EHT observations, we produced realistic synthetic data including the source variability, diffractive, and refractive scattering while incorporating the observing array, including a space antenna. From the generated synthetic observations, we dynamically reconstructed black hole shadow images using regularised maximum entropy methods. We employed a genetic algorithm to optimise the orbit of the space antenna with respect to improved imaging capabilities and u − v-plane coverage of the combined array (ground array and space antenna) and developed a new method to probe the source variability in Fourier space.
Results. The inclusion of an orbiting space antenna improves the capability of EHT to distinguish the spin of Kerr black holes and dilaton black holes based on reconstructed radio images and complex visibilities.
Plasma and Erytrocyte Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Frequent Breath-Holding Spells
Authors: Dilber Beril , Akbulut Ulas Emre , serin Hepsen Mine , Alver Ahmet , Menteşe Ahmet , Kolaylı Ceyda Cevriye , Cansu Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground Breath-holding spells (BHS) are common non-paroxysmal events with unknown pathophysiology. BHS have been associated not only with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) but also with oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and erythrocyte injury induced by hypoxia. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of IDA in BHS and the oxidant/antioxidant balance in children with or without IDA in BHS and compare them with healthy controls.Additionally, the study also aimed to examine the effect of the frequency of BHS attacks (mild or severe) on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and to determine the best predictive oxidant and antioxidant markers.Materials and Methods The study included 66 children with BHS aged 6–48 months who had been followed up for a minimum period of one year between 2014 and 2018. A control group of 30 age- and gender-matched healthy children was included in the study. The patient group was divided into 2 groups (IDA and non-IDA) and these groups were compared between each other and also with the control group. The IDA group was divided into subgroups based on the frequency of BHS attacks. Blood samples were obtained within a maximum period of 24 h following the spell. Levels of protein carbonyl, nitrite, nitrate, TOS, TAS, OSI, MDA, enzyme activities of GPx, CAT,enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, and GPx, and the level of MDA were measured.Results In patients with IDA, the oxidant levels increased while the antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. In all patients, the levels of MDA, carbonyl, TOS, OSI increased and the levels of TAS, activities SOD, and CAT decreased, whereas the enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, GPx decreased significantly compared to those of control group. Increased of erythrocyte MDA levels had 10.32, decreased enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD levels had a 10.25, and decreased enzyme activities of erythrocyte CAT had a 5.33 times greater risk for spell.Conclusion The results indicated that the oxidant/antioxidant balance in children with BHS was impaired in favor of oxidants at both levels, regardless of the presence of IDA and the increased frequency of BHS attacks per day. Moreover, the presence of IDA was found to be associated with increased oxidative stress in children with BHS, particularly at the erythrocyte level. Erythrocyte level; among the erythrocyte MDA oxidant parameters, erythrocyte SOD and antioxidant parameters, they are the biomarkers that show the best probability of having a BHS attack and an increase in the frequency of apnea attacks.
Influencer-Marketing im Gesundheitswesen: Eine Übersicht
Authors: Krisam Mathias , Altendorfer Laura-Maria 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Influencer auf sozialen Medien spielen eine wichtige Rolle im
(digitalen) Alltag von Millionen Deutschen. Im Gesundheitsbereich werden diese
Protagonisten und Kanäle nicht nur mit kommerziellen Absichten, sondern zunehmend auch zum
Transport von Gesundheitsbotschaften genutzt. Noch besteht jedoch kein Wissen über den
Nutzen dieser Kommunikationsform. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, fassen wir die aktuelle
Evidenz über den Einsatz von Influencern in der Gesundheitskommunikation zusammen.
Methode Durchführung einer selektiven Literaturrecherche auf PubMed nach
„Influencer Marketing und Gesundheit“ und Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse.
Ergebnisse Die Suche erbrachte 173 Ergebnisse, von denen 4 Arbeiten als relevant
eingestuft wurden.
Schlussfolgerung Bisher besteht nur schwache Evidenz über eine
gesundheitsförderliche Komponente durch die Kommunikation von Influencern. Sowohl in der
Praxis als auch in der Wissenschaft muss mehr Wissen über den gesundheitsförderlichen
Einsatz von Influencern gewonnen werden.
Über den Umgang mit Alkohol – eine qualitative Auswertung von 30 Interviews mit alkoholabhängigen Patienten
Authors: Lötscher Fabian , Steinauer Regine , Lang Undine , Wiesbeck Gerhard , Walter Marc 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Alkoholabhängigkeit ist eine chronisch-rezidivierende Abhängigkeitserkrankung. Für verschiedene Behandlungsformen konnte eine positive Wirksamkeit auf den Verlauf der Erkrankung nachgewiesen werden. Die subjektive Sicht der Patienten auf ihre Erkrankung und die angebotenen Behandlungen ist bislang noch wenig untersucht.
Methoden 30 Patienten mit einer Alkoholabhängigkeitserkrankung (n = 20 Psychiatrische Klinik, n = 10 Suchtberatung) wurden gefragt, wie sie in der Vergangenheit mit dem Alkoholproblem umgegangen sind. Die Interviews wurden aufgezeichnet, transkribiert und anhand aktueller qualitativer Auswertungsmethoden analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die Aussagen der Patienten konnten drei Kategorien zugeordnet werden. Die Alkoholabstinenz, die Suchtbehandlungen und das soziale Umfeld wurden mehrheitlich positiv beschrieben. Allerdings zeigten die meisten Patienten sowohl positive als auch negative Aussagen in diesen Bereichen.
Diskussion Die gegensätzlichen Aussagen zeigen ein Spannungsfeld auf, das die Ambivalenz der alkoholabhängigen Patienten in relevanten Bereichen demonstriert. Diese Ambivalenz kann wichtig für die Therapie und den Verlauf der Erkrankung sein.