bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-sensitivity, fast-response ethanol gas optical sensor based on a dual microfiber coupler structure with the Vernier effect
Authors: Jiang Yuxuan , Yi Yating , Brambilla Gilberto , Wang Pengfei 
Published: March 2021

A high-sensitivity ethanol gas sensor based on two microfiber couplers and the Vernier effect is examined in this Letter using the unique variation rate conversion point characteristics. The output spectrum of the two couplers connected in parallel are superimposed to form a symmetrical envelope curve, showing high responsivity to variations in the external environment. Ethanol sensitivity was achieved by coating the waist region of the coupler with a mixture of Nile red and polymethyl methacrylate. When the concentration of ethanol gas changes, the envelope spectrum shifts. Experimental results show that a high responsivity of 160 pm/ppm can be obtained by tracing the reference peaks in the envelope curve and that the response and recovery times are on the order of seconds.
Rhombic optical path difference bias white light interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope
Authors: Li Ang , Jing Zhenguo , Liu Qiang , Liu Yueying , Cheung Yang , Huang Zhiyuan , Zhou Da-Peng , Peng Wei 
Published: March 2021

We present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, white light interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) scheme using a fiber-optic rhombic optical path difference (OPD) bias structure to interrogate with a sensing coil to realize rotation rate measurement without a phase modulator. The OPD bias structure composed of four (

2

×
1

) 3 dB single-mode fiber couplers was constructed to implement non-reciprocal OPD bias. White light interferometric demodulation was utilized to acquire the change in OPD due to the Sagnac-phase shift. Absolute linear output can be obtained. We produced the principle prototype of rhombic OPD bias white light IFOG without utilizing a phase modulator. An experimental demonstration of the IFOG prototype system achieves linear output with respect to the OPD difference in detecting rotation rate.
Smartphone use patterns and problematic smartphone use among preschool children
Authors: Park Jeong Hye , Park Minjung 
Published: March 2021

Background
The purpose of the present study was to identify smartphone use patterns associated with problematic smartphone use (PSU) among preschool children. Little is known about PSU patterns in younger children, although the age for first smartphone use is decreasing.

Methods
We applied a cross-sectional study design to analyze data obtained from a nationwide survey on smartphone overdependence conducted in 2017 by the South Korean Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. Data from 1,378 preschool children were analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis. This study was conducted in compliance with STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology).

Results
Seventeen percent of the sample met the criteria for PSU. The odds of PSU significantly increased with frequent smartphone use and in children who used a smartphone for more than two hours per day. Using smartphones to watch TV shows or videos for entertainment or fun significantly increased the odds of PSU, whereas using smartphones for education, games, and social networking did not.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that one of five preschool children using smartphones could experience PSU. Compared to other age groups, PSU in young children may be more associated with their caregivers. To prevent PSU in preschool children, caregivers need information about the total screen time recommended for children, smartphone use patterns associated with PSU, suggestions for other activities as possible alternatives to smartphone use, and strategies to strengthen children’s self-regulation with regards to smartphone use.
Phasic heart rate variability and the association with cognitive performance: A cross-sectional study in a healthy population setting
Authors: Hilgarter Kathrin , Schmid-Zalaudek Karin , Csanády-Leitner Regina , Mörtl Manfred , Rössler Andreas , Lackner Helmut Karl 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Sympathovagal balance measured by heart rate variability is a core component of psychophysiological research. Through the close link of physiological and psychological aspects, often a reduced heart rate variability is associated with impaired cognitive function. A better understanding of the associations between cognitive and cardiovascular dysfunctions is necessary to prevent the manifestation of diseases. Therefore, this study investigated phasic heart rate variability using rest, anticipatory, stress, and recovery periods and the association with high and low cognitive performance in a generally healthy population setting.

Methods
114 healthy individuals (40 males, 74 females) aged 20 to 70 participated in the cross-sectional study. The heart rate variability based on standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), and the root means square of successive differences (RMSSD), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio and its association with high and low cognitive performance measured by the California Verbal Learning Task II were examined.

Results
The results of this study indicate that the paradigm was successful in producing stress and showed a significant association between phasic heart rate variability (SDNN) and verbal episodic memory performance, irrespective of age and sex.

Discussion
The results of this study suggest that a reduced heart rate variability is associated with reduced cognitive function regardless of age and sex and seem to be an early indicator of sympathovagal disbalance.

Conclusion
This leads to the conclusion that differences between high and low cognitive performance might show differences in heart rate variability at an early stage, where no diseases are yet manifest.
Radiomic features of axillary lymph nodes based on pharmacokinetic modeling DCE-MRI allow preoperative diagnosis of their metastatic status in breast cancer
Authors: Luo Hong-Bing , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Wang Chun-hua , Qing Hao-Miao , Wang Min , Zhang Xin , Chen Xiao-Yu , Xu Guo-Hui , Zhou Peng , Ren Jing 
Published: March 2021

Objective
To study the feasibility of use of radiomic features extracted from axillary lymph nodes for diagnosis of their metastatic status in patients with breast cancer.

Materials and methods
A total of 176 axillary lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer, consisting of 87 metastatic axillary lymph nodes (ALNM) and 89 negative axillary lymph nodes proven by surgery, were retrospectively reviewed from the database of our cancer center. For each selected axillary lymph node, 106 radiomic features based on preoperative pharmacokinetic modeling dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (PK-DCE-MRI) and 5 conventional image features were obtained. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select useful radiomic features. Logistic regression was used to develop diagnostic models for ALNM. Delong test was used to compare the diagnostic performance of different models.

Results
The 106 radiomic features were reduced to 4 ALNM diagnosis–related features by LASSO. Four diagnostic models including conventional model, pharmacokinetic model, radiomic model, and a combined model (integrating the Rad-score in the radiomic model with the conventional image features) were developed and validated. Delong test showed that the combined model had the best diagnostic performance: area under the curve (AUC), 0.972 (95% CI [0.947–0.997]) in the training cohort and 0.979 (95% CI [0.952–1]) in the validation cohort. The diagnostic performance of the combined model and the radiomic model were better than that of pharmacokinetic model and conventional model (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Radiomic features extracted from PK-DCE-MRI images of axillary lymph nodes showed promising application for diagnosis of ALNM in patients with breast cancer.
Assessing sub-regional-specific strengths of healthcare systems associated with COVID-19 prevalence, deaths and recoveries in Africa
Authors: Amadu Iddrisu , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Afitiri Abdul-Rahaman , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Hagan John Elvis , Duku Eric , Aram Simon Appah 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelmed the health systems of several countries, particularly those within the African region. Notwithstanding, the relationship between health systems and the magnitude of COVID-19 in African countries have not received research attention. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the pervasiveness of the pandemic across African countries and their Global Health Security Index (GHSI) scores.

Materials and methods
The study included 54 countries in five regions viz Western (16); Eastern (18); Middle (8); Northern (7); and Southern (5) Africa. The outcome variables in this study were the total confirmed COVID-19 cases (per million); total recoveries (per million); and the total deaths (per million). The data were subjected to Spearman’s rank-order (Spearman’s rho) correlation to determine the monotonic relationship between each of the predictor variables and the outcome variables. The predictor variables that showed a monotonic relationship with the outcome were used to predict respective outcome variables using multiple regressions. The statistical analysis was conducted at a significance level of 0.05.

Results
Our results indicate that total number of COVID-19 cases (per million) has strong correlations (rs >0.5) with the median age; aged 65 older; aged 70 older; GDP per capita; number of hospital beds per thousand; Human Development Index (HDI); recoveries (per million); and the overall risk environment of a country. All these factors including the country’s commitments to improving national capacity were related to the total number of deaths (per million). Also, strong correlations existed between the total recoveries (per million) and the total number of positive cases; total deaths (per million); median age; aged 70 older; GDP per capita; the number of hospital beds (per thousand); and HDI. The fitted regression models showed strong predictive powers (R-squared>99%) of the variances in the total number of COVID-19 cases (per million); total number of deaths (per million); and the total recoveries (per million).

Conclusions
The findings from this study suggest that patient-level characteristics such as ageing population (i.e., 65+), poverty, underlying co-morbidities–cardiovascular disease (e.g., hypertension), and diabetes through unhealthy behaviours like smoking as well as hospital care (i.e., beds per thousand) can help explain COVID-19 confirmed cases and mortality rates in Africa. Aside from these, other determinants (e.g., population density, the ability of detection, prevention and control) also affect COVID-19 prevalence, deaths and recoveries within African countries and sub-regions.
Structural determinants of suicide during the global financial crisis in Spain: Integrating explanations to understand a complex public health problem
Authors: Alvarez-Galvez Javier , Suarez-Lledo Victor , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Almenara-Barrios Jose 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Suicide is a complex public health problem in contemporary societies. Macroeconomic downturns derived from the economic crisis have been found to be associated with growing suicide mortality in the United States and in Europe. The present work is aimed to assess the association between the recent economic downturns and suicide patterns using interrupted time series analysis and, particularly, adjusting this relationship by indicators of social cohesion and community values that might provide additional insights on the complex explanation of suicidal trends.

Methods
We combined suicide, social and economic data extracted from the National Statistics Institute (INE), the Eurostat database, and the World Values Survey to assess the association between the socio-economic factors and trends in suicide rates. To study the association between the financial crisis and changes in suicide rates in Spain, we used interrupted time series analysis (ITSA).

Results
Our findings confirm that suicides increased after the 2011 recession, but remained moderately constant after the 2008 economic downturn. Suicides particularly increased after the 2011 recession in the 10–14, and 45–64 years old intervals between males and females, and apparently in older groups. However, during the 2008–2011 time period suicide rates decreased during working years (specifically among 40–44, 45–49, and 55–59 years old groups). Our results highlight the importance of social protection against unemployment and, to a lesser extent, social protection in disability and family, in reducing suicides, as well as the economic prosperity of the country.

Conclusion
This result corroborates that the economic crisis has possibly impacted the growing suicide rates of the most vulnerable groups, but exclusively during the period characterised by economic cuts after the 2011 recession. This study highlights the need to implement tailored policies that protect these collectives against suicide.
Moderate-Intensity Aerobic vs Resistance Exercise and Dietary Modification in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Charatcharoenwitthaya Phunchai , Kuljiratitikal Kraisingh , Aksornchanya Ophas , Chaiyasoot Kusuma , Bandidniyamanon Wimolrak , Charatcharoenwitthaya Natthinee 
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION:
This randomized trial aimed to compare the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic vs resistance exercise with dietary modification in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

METHODS:
Patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned (1:1) to a 12-week supervised training program of moderate-intensity aerobic or resistance exercise with dietary intervention consisting of monthly individual nutritional counseling by a dietician. Transient elastography, anthropometry, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, biochemistries, and glucose tolerance were measured at baseline and 12 weeks.

RESULTS:
Eighteen subjects exercised for an average of 3.35 ± 0.30 sessions a week in the aerobic group, and 17 subjects exercised an average of 3.39 ± 0.28 sessions a week in the resistance group. After completion of the training program, hepatic fat content was similarly reduced in both groups (P < 0.001). The mean relative reduction from baseline in the aerobic group was −10.3% (95% confidence interval −18.2 to −2.40) and the resistance group was −12.6% (−20.5 to −4.69). Liver steatosis (defined as controlled attenuation parameter >248 dB/m) disappeared in 9 (50%) of the aerobic group and in 9 (53%) of the resistance group. Whole-body and muscle insulin sensitivity indexes were improved, and waist circumference was reduced comparably in both exercise groups. The number of exercise sessions per week was correlated with the absolute reduction in hepatic fat content (r = 0.52; P = 0.001). Weekly exercise training ≥3 sessions substantially attenuates liver fat accumulation independent of weight loss.

DISCUSSION:
Moderate-intensity aerobic training and resistance training with dietary modification are equally effective for reducing intrahepatic fat and improving underlying insulin resistance among patients with NAFLD.
Penurunan Kadar Enzim Kolinesterase Tenaga Sprayer di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Utami Titi Permatasari , Lestari Mona , Novrikasari Novrikasari , Purba Imelda Gernauli , Sitorus Rico Januar , Nandini Rizka Faliria , Fujianti Poppy 
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang: Pestisida golongan organofosfat bersifat menghambat aktivitas enzim kolinesterase di dalam tubuh. Pekerja yang bertugas untuk melakukan penyemprotan pestisida memiliki risiko yang sangat tinggi terkena dampak negatif dari pajanan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko penurunan kadar enzim kolinesterase tenaga sprayer di perkebunan kelapa sawit PT. X Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 113 orang. Pengukuran data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan pemeriksaan kadar enzim kolinesterase.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3,5% tenaga sprayer yang mengalami penurunan kadar kolinesterase. Dari hasil analisis bivariat diketahui adanya hubungan antara penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) (p-value = 0,046) dengan penurunan kadar enzim kolinesterase tenaga sprayer. Melalui analisis multivariate diketahui bahwa penggunaan APD merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan penurunan kadar enzim kolinesterase setelah dikontrol dengan variabel arah angin.Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan APD berhubungan erat dengan penurunan kadar enzim kolinesterase sehingga disarankan melengkapi APD yang digunakan saat bekerja dan perlu adanya edukasi yang diberikan kepada tenaga sprayer mengenai faktor keracunan pestisida. ABSTRACT Title: The Decrease of Cholinesterase Enzyme Level in Pesticide Sprayers in Palm Oil PlantationBackground: Organophosphate pesticides are inhibiting the activity of the cholinesterase enzyme in human body. Workers in charge of pesticide spraying have a very high risk of being negatively affected by pesticide exposure. This study aims to determine the risk factors for cholinesterase enzyme decline in pesticide sprayers of PT. X Musi Banyuasin Regency.Method: This study used a quantitative approach using a cross sectional study design. The sample in this study were 113 pesticide sprayers. Data measurements were performed using a questionnaire and examination of cholinesterase enzyme levels. Result The results showed that there was 3.5% pesticide sprayers that has decreased cholinesterase enzyme level. From the results of bivariate analysis it is determined that there is a correlation between the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (p-value = 0.046) and declining cholinesterase enzyme level in pesticide sprayers. Through multivariate analysis it is determined that the use of PPE is the most related factor in the decrease of cholinesterase enzyme after being controlled with wind direction variables..Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of PPE is closely related to the decrease cholinesterase enzyme in pesticide sprayers so it is recommended for the company to provide PPE at work and to educate the sprayers about factors in pesticide poisoning.
Translanguaging space in a bilingual program in New York City Chinatown middle school
Authors: Zhou Xiaodi , Fu Danling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study explores how translanguaging pedagogy was practiced in a New York City Chinatown middle school to engage emergent bilingual students (EBs) with diverse language literacy backgrounds in their study of the grade level social studies curriculum. The data were collected over the past two decades while we worked with classroom teachers in search of effective ways to improve EBs’ school performance. We revisited this data utilizing a translanguaging lens to reconceptualize this past work and reframe our analysis to deepen understanding of translanguaging teaching praxis. Therefore, this research not only seeks possible ways to meet challenges in the education of EBs in U.S. schools but also to add to a research method that looks back at past data as an approach to looking ahead in scholarship.
Investigating genre distinctions through discourse distance and discourse network
Authors: Sun Kun , Wang Rong , Xiong Wenxin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The notion of genre has been widely explored using quantitative methods from both lexical and syntactical perspectives. However, discourse structure has rarely been used to examine genre. Mostly concerned with the interrelation of discourse units, discourse structure can play a crucial role in genre analysis. Nevertheless, few quantitative studies have explored genre distinctions from a discourse structure perspective. Here, we use two English discourse corpora (RST-DT and GUM) to investigate discourse structure from a novel viewpoint. The RST-DT is divided into four small subcorpora distinguished according to genre, and another corpus (GUM) containing seven genres are used for cross-verification. An RST (rhetorical structure theory) tree is converted into dependency representations by taking information from RST annotations to calculate the discourse distance through a process similar to that used to calculate syntactic dependency distance. Moreover, the data on dependency representations deriving from the two corpora are readily convertible into network data. Afterwards, we examine different genres in the two corpora by combining discourse distance and discourse network. The two methods are mutually complementary in comprehensively revealing the distinctiveness of various genres. Accordingly, we propose an effective quantitative method for assessing genre differences using discourse distance and discourse network. This quantitative study can help us better understand the nature of genre.
“Bad News” in Herodotos and Thoukydides: misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda
Authors: Lateiner Donald 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHerodotos and Thoukydides report on many occasions that kings, polis leaders, and other politicians speak and behave in ways that unintentionally announce or analyze situations incorrectly (misinformation). Elsewhere, they represent as facts knowingly false constructs or “fake news” (disinformation), or they slant data in ways that advance a cause personal or public (propaganda,true or false). Historians attempt to or claim to acquaint audiences with a truer fact situation and to identify subjects’ motives for distortion such as immediate personal advantage, community advantage, or to encourage posterity’s better (if mistaken) opinion. Such historiographical bifocalism enhances the historian’s authority with readers (as he sees through intentional or unintentional misrepresentations) as well as sets straight distorted historical records. This paper surveys two paradigmatic Hellenic historians’ texts, how they build their investigative and analytic authority, and how they encourage confidence in their truth-determining skills. The material collected confirms and assesses the frequency of persons and governments misleading their own citizens and subjects as well as rival persons and powers. Finally, it demonstrates that these two historians were aware of information loss, information control (dissemination and suppression), and information chaos.
Machine learning studies for the effects of probes and cavity on quantum synchronization
Authors: Meng Qing-Yu , Hu Yong , Yang Qing , Zhu Qin-Sheng , Li Xiao-Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As an important technology of the quantum detection, the quantum synchronization detection is always used in the detection or measurement of some quantum systems. A probing model is established to describe the probing of a qubit system in the cavity field and to reveal the effect of the environment (cavity) on the quantum synchronization occurrence, as well as the interactions among environment, a qubit system, and probing equipment. By adjusting the frequency of the probe, the in-phase, anti-phase, and out-of-phase synchronization can be achieved. Simultaneously, the effect of

γ
3

${\gamma }_{3}$

which describes the interaction strength between the probe and environments for quantum synchronization is discussed under different Ohmic dissipation index
s
. Finally, the machine learning method is applied to present an optimization for classification and regression of synchronization transition dependent on
s
and

γ
3

${\gamma }_{3}$

.