bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging role of air pollution and meteorological parameters in COVID‐19
Authors: Zhao Channa , Fang Xinyu , Feng Yating , Fang Xuehui , He Jun , Pan Haifeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExposure to air pollutants has been associated with respiratory viral infections. Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution exposure is related to increased cases of SARS‐COV‐2 infection and COVID‐19‐associated mortality. In addition, the changes of meteorological parameters have also been implicated in the occurrence and development of COVID‐19. However, the molecular mechanisms by which pollutant exposure and changes of meteorological parameters affects COVID‐19 remains unknown. This review summarizes the biology of COVID‐19 and the route of viral transmission, and elaborates on the relationship between air pollution and climate indicators and COVID‐19. Finally, we envisaged the potential roles of air pollution and meteorological parameters in COVID‐19.
Evidence of Atlantic bluefin tuna spawning in the Bay of Biscay, north‐eastern Atlantic
Authors: Rodriguez Jose M. , Johnstone Carolina , Lozano‐Peral Diego 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spawning grounds of the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) are traditionally considered to be the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf of Mexico) and the Mediterranean Sea (Mediterranean Sea). However, for the western Atlantic, unequivocal evidence of bluefin spawning outside the Gulf of Mexico has been shown. In this study we present the first records of genetically confirmed bluefin larvae in the southern Bay of Biscay (eastern Atlantic). These findings provide evidence of bluefin spawning activity outside the Mediterranean Sea, in the north‐eastern Atlantic. However, our results suggest that the bluefin spawning in the Bay of Biscay is a sporadic phenomenon.
Has stocking contributed to an increase in the rod catch of anadromous trout (Salmo trutta L.) in the Shetland Islands, UK?
Authors: Andrew King R. , Miller Andrew L. , Stevens Jamie R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe stocking of hatchery‐origin fish into rivers and lakes has long been used in fisheries management to try to enhance catches, especially for trout and salmon species. Frequently, however, the long‐term impacts of stocking programmes have not been evaluated. In this study, the authors investigate the contribution of a stocking programme undertaken to support the rod catch of sea trout in the Shetland Islands, UK. Once a highly productive recreational fishery, Shetland sea trout catches crashed in the mid‐1990s. Around the time that stocking began, increases in rod catches were also reported, with advocates of the stocking highlighting the apparent success of the programme. Using a suite of genetic markers (microsatellites), this study explores the contribution of the stocking programme to the Shetland sea trout population. The authors found that the domesticated broodstock and wild spawned brown trout from seven streams were genetically distinct. Despite extensive stocking, wild spawned brown trout dominated, even in those streams with a long history of supplementation. The majority of sea trout caught and analysed were of wild origin – only a single individual was of pure stocked origin, with a small number of fish being of wild × stocked origins. This study suggests that stocking with a domesticated strain of brown trout has made only a very limited contribution to the Shetland Islands rod catch, and that the revival of sea trout numbers appears to be driven almost exclusively by recovery of trout spawned in the wild.
The ability of Neoparamoeba perurans to bind to and digest non‐fish‐derived mucin: Insights into the amoeba’s mechanism of action to overcome gill mucus production
Authors: Lima Paula C. , Hartley‐Tassell Lauren , Wynne James W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmoebic gill disease (AGD) is caused by the marine amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans, a facultative parasite. Despite the significant impact this disease has on production of Atlantic salmon worldwide, the mechanisms involved in host–parasite interaction remains unknown. Excessive gill mucus secretion is reported as a host defence mechanism to prevent microbial colonization in the gill epithelium. Despite this response, N. perurans still attaches and proliferates. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between N. perurans and mucin, the most abundant component in mucus. An in vitro adhesion assay using bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) demonstrated that amoeba binding to mucin‐coated substrate was significantly higher than to the BSA control. This binding interaction is likely glycan‐mediated as pre‐incubation with galactose, galactosamine, N‐acetylgalactosamine and fucose reduced mucin adhesion to control levels. The ability of N. perurans to secrete proteases that target mucin was also investigated. Protease activity was detected in the amoeba culture media in the presence of BSM, but not when protease inhibitor was added. Mucin degradation was visually assessed on protein gels. This study provides preliminary evidence that N. perurans has developed mechanisms to interact with and evade mucus by binding to mucin glycan receptors and secreting proteases with mucolytic activity.
Enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase activity induces oxidative stress, causes accumulation of autotoxic catecholamine metabolites, and augments amphetamine effects in vivo
Authors: Vecchio Laura M. , Sullivan Patricia , Dunn Amy R. , Bermejo Marie Kristel , Fu Rong , Masoud Shababa T. , Gregersen Emil , Urs Nikhil M. , Nazari Reza , Jensen Poul Henning , Ramsey Amy , Goldstein David S. , Miller Gary W. , Salahpour Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease, dopamine‐containing nigrostriatal neurons undergo profound degeneration. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. TH increases in vitro formation of reactive oxygen species, and previous animal studies have reported links between cytosolic dopamine build‐up and oxidative stress. To examine effects of increased TH activity in catecholaminergic neurons in vivo, we generated TH‐over‐expressing mice (TH‐HI) using a BAC‐transgenic approach that results in over‐expression of TH with endogenous patterns of expression. The transgenic mice were characterized by western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Tissue contents of dopamine, its metabolites, and markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. TH‐HI mice had a 3‐fold increase in total and phosphorylated TH levels and an increased rate of dopamine synthesis. Coincident with elevated dopamine turnover, TH‐HI mice showed increased striatal production of H2O2 and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, TH‐HI mice had elevated striatal levels of the neurotoxic dopamine metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 5‐S‐cysteinyl‐dopamine and were more susceptible than wild‐type mice to the effects of amphetamine and methamphetamine. These results demonstrate that increased TH alone is sufficient to produce oxidative stress in vivo, build up autotoxic dopamine metabolites, and augment toxicity.
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Web workouts and consumer well‐being: The role of digital‐physical activity during the UK COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Cronshaw Sue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBy using three areas of well‐being, psychological, physical, and social this study aims to explore the perceptions of consumers engaging in digital‐physical platforms and communities during the UK COVID‐19 lockdown and the impact such participation had on their well‐being. Ninety people were recruited via an online study, all were using online workouts, and self‐selected to participate. The use of virtual ethnography gave further insight into the functions of these platforms and their role in social connection. Participants discussed the benefits to their mental health, the provision of structure to their day, the social connection it provided, and the alleviation of feelings of isolation. The findings also demonstrate how numerous consumer groups in society could use digital‐physical platforms as a potential way of connecting those who are unable to engage in face‐to‐face settings.
Big toenail onychomycosis features associated with response to 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser treatment
Authors: Helou Josiane , Maatouk Ismael , Soutou Boutros 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundA few studies discussed the factors correlated to response in laser treatment of onychomycosis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to seek big toenail onychomycosis features that correlate with response to 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser treatment.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective study included patients who had only one big toenail onychomycosis, with a confirmed mycological diagnosis and/or a high clinical suspicion. Patients had three sessions 1 month apart. The following characteristics were collected from the patients' files: age, sex, smoking and arterial hypertension statuses, results of baseline mycological culture, Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) score at baseline and at the end of the 6‐month follow‐up, as well as the reported side effects.ResultsWe included 105 patients, 86 women and 19 men, with a mean age of 43 years. Demographics have shown that 73.6% of patients were smokers, 17.9% had arterial hypertension, 61.9% had a culture positive for Trichophyton species, and 9.4% had a culture positive for Candida species. According to the OSI score, onychomycosis was mild in 18.9%, moderate in 39.6%, and severe in 41.5% of patients. At 6 months, clinical cure was achieved in 57.1% of patients.ConclusionThe OSI decrease after 3 sessions of Nd: YAG laser was significantly more important in women and in patients with positive mycology culture, smaller affected area of the nail, no subungual hyperkeratosis, and no nail matrix involvement. Age, smoking, hypertension, and side effects were not shown to significantly correlate with the decrease of the OSI score.
Political dimensions of gender inclusive writing in Parisian universities
Authors: Burnett Heather , Pozniak Céline 
Published: May 2021

AbstractÉcriture inclusive (EI) has long been the topic of public debates in France. These debates have become more intense in recent years, often focusing on the higher education system and culminating in the formulation of three separate laws banning it for public administration. In this paper, we investigate the foundations of these conflicts through a large quantitative corpus study of the (non)use of EI in Parisian undergraduate brochures. Our results suggest that Parisian university professors use EI not only to ensure gender neutral reference but also as a tool to construct their political identities. We show that both the use of EI and its particular forms are conditioned by how brochure writers position themselves on non gender‐related‐related issues within the French university's political landscape, which explains how conflicts surrounding a linguistic practice have become understood as conflicts about larger issues in French society. Our paper thus provides new information to be taken into account in the formulation and promotion of nonsexist language policies and sheds light on how feminist linguistic activism and its opposition are deeply intertwined with other kinds of social activism in present‐day France.
Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall for atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: He Zhiyu , Yang Lin , Bai Ming , Yao Yali , Zhang Zheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundContemporary radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) approaches for atrial fibrillation (AF) have reached an efficacy “ceiling”. Ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall (EI‐VOM) has shown potential in preliminary studies. Data on EI‐VOM are largely limited to small single‐center reports, and clinical benefits and risks have not been systematically examined. Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EI‐VOM for AF.MethodsAll studies evaluating EI‐VOM for AF were initially searched from four electronic search engines: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed. We used RevMan5.4 to calculate pooled outcomes of randomized controlled trial and cohort studies. We also performed single‐arm meta‐analyses using Open Meta‐Analyst.ResultsWe included a total of 10 studies with 1322 patients. Successful EI‐VOM was performed in 86.7% (95% CI 81.9–91.4%) of patients. For persistent AF patients, the recurrence of AF and/or atrial tachycardia (AT) was significantly lower in the EI‐VOM combined with RFCA group compared with RFCA alone group (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.96, p = 0.04). EI‐VOM combined with RFCA significantly increased the rate of bidirectional mitral isthmus block compared with RFCA alone in AF patients (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.67, p < 0.001). There were nine cardiac tamponades observed in 644 patients (PR 0.8%, 95% CI 0.1–1.5%) who were performed EI‐VOM combined with RFCA.ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis brings encouraging evidence that adjuvant EI‐VOM reduces AF and/or AT recurrence rate in persistent AF patients and increases the success rate of bidirectional mitral isthmus block.
Hepatitis C virus E2 envelope glycoprotein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana triggers humoral response with virus‐neutralizing activity in vaccinated mice
Authors: Dobrica Mihaela‐Olivia , van Eerde André , Tucureanu Catalin , Onu Adrian , Paruch Lisa , Caras Iuliana , Vlase Ene , Steen Hege , Haugslien Sissel , Alonzi Dominic , Zitzmann Nicole , Bock Ralph , Dubuisson Jean , Popescu Costin‐Ioan , Stavaru Crina , Liu Clarke Jihong , Branza‐Nichita Norica 
Published: May 2021

SummaryChronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a leading cause of liver‐related pathologies and a global health problem, currently affecting more than 71 million people worldwide. The development of a prophylactic vaccine is much needed to complement the effective antiviral treatment available and achieve HCV eradication. Current strategies focus on increasing the immunogenicity of the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2, the major target of virus‐neutralizing antibodies, by testing various expression systems or manipulating the protein conformation and the N‐glycosylation pattern. Here we report the first evidence of successful production of the full‐length HCV E2 glycoprotein in Nicotiana benthamiana, by using the Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression technology. Molecular and functional analysis showed that the viral protein was correctly processed in plant cells and achieved the native folding required for binding to CD81, one of the HCV receptors. N‐glycan analysis of HCV‐E2 produced in N. benthamiana and mammalian cells indicated host‐specific trimming of mannose residues and possibly, protein trafficking. Notably, the plant‐derived viral antigen triggered a significant immune response in vaccinated mice, characterized by the presence of antibodies with HCV‐neutralizing activity. Together, our study demonstrates that N. benthamiana is a viable alternative to costly mammalian cell cultures for the expression of complex viral antigens and supports the use of plants as cost‐effective production platforms for the development of HCV vaccines.
Mast cell tryptase‐PAR2 pathway in proliferation of prostatic stromal cells reacted with Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Noh Chang‐Suk , Chung Hyo‐Yeoung , Han Ik‐Hwan , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Kim Yu‐Mi , Ryu Jae‐Sook 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe investigated whether tryptase released from mast cells activated by prostate stromal cells (PSC) reacted with Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) promoted the proliferation of PSC through protease‐ activated receptor 2 (PAR2). Conditioned medium of PSC was prepared by stimulating them with Tv (Trichomonad‐conditioned medium (TCM)), and mast cell‐conditioned medium were prepared by incubating them with TCM (mast cell‐TCM (M‐TCM)). Mast cells incubated with TCM migrated more efficiently and produced more β‐hexosaminidase and tryptase. M‐TCM containing tryptase increased the proliferation of PSC, while inhibition of tryptase decreased proliferation. Expression of signalling molecules such as PAR2, p‐ERK, COX‐2, 15d‐PGJ2 and PPARγ, known to be involved in the tryptase‐PAR2 pathway, increased in response to M‐TCM, and blocking any of these signals decreased proliferation, indicating that tryptase‐PAR2 signalling is involved in the proliferation of PSC. Inhibition of tryptase and PAR2 led to reduced expression of PAR2, p‐ERK, COX‐2, 15d‐PGJ2 and PPARγ, while inhibition of ERK or COX‐2 reduced the expression of COX‐2, 15d‐PGJ2 and PPARγ indicating that the tryptase‐PAR2 pathway proceeds in the order p‐ERK, COX‐2, 15d‐PGJ2, and PPARγ. These results show that interaction between PSC stimulated with Tv and mast cells causes proliferation of PSC through the tryptase‐PAR2 pathway.
Conspiracy Theories and Institutional Trust: Examining the Role of Uncertainty Avoidance and Active Social Media Use
Authors: Mari Silvia , Gil de Zúñiga Homero , Suerdem Ahmet , Hanke Katja , Brown Gary , Vilar Roosevelt , Boer Diana , Bilewicz Michal 
Published: May 2021

A generalized climate of distrust in political institutions is not functional to healthy democracies. With the advent of social media, recent scholarly efforts attempt to better understand people's conspiracy theory beliefs in inhibiting institutional trust. This study contributes to this literature by considering the direct antecedent effects of uncertainty avoidance and the moderating role ofactivesocial media use—SMU (i.e., interactional SMU, informational SMU, and political expressive SMU). The former is theorized to enable conspiracy theories to thrive, while the latter should cushion the negative effects of conspiracy beliefs on institutional trust. Relying on diverse survey data across different cultures from Europe, the Americas, and New Zealand (N = 11,958) and applying structural equation modeling, findings supported the hypothesized model. In high uncertainty‐avoidance societies, where less well‐known situations are perceived as uncomfortable or downright threatening, conspiracy beliefs proliferate and negatively impact institutional trust. Active SMU attenuates these effects. Via social media, citizens have the ability to strengthen social relationships (interactional SMU), keep themselves informed about the community (informational SMU), and engage in political self‐expression (political expressive SMU), which mitigate conspiracy‐belief negative effects on institutional trust. Future research implications and key limitations of the study are all discussed.
From Chutes and Ladders to No Te Enojes: Simulation of two (moral) random paths
Authors: Zazueta‐Hernández Jorge Antonio , López‐Barrientos José Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper walks the reader through a simple mathematical characterization of the popular children's game, Chutes and Ladders, focusing primarily on Monte Carlo simulation. The focus is then shifted to the board game No Te Enojes in order to analyze the implications of the introduction of strategy. The presence of strategy in a game of No Te Enojes makes it an interesting generalization of Chutes and Ladders. This progression allows us to explore the nature of chance in board games through the aid of computer simulation, an increasingly important topic in teaching both statistics and data science.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Language Concordant Health Coaching Intervention Delivered by Nurses for Latinx With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rechenberg Kaitlyn , Szalacha Laura , Martinez Glenn , Graham Margaret , Stauber Leah , Menon Usha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLatinx immigrants have high rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D), exhibit out‐of‐range glycemic control, and have higher rates of diabetes‐related complications than non‐Latinx whites, with limited English proficiency (LEP) being a major barrier to care.AimsWe tested the feasibility and acceptability of a language concordant (provider that is proficient in the patient’s preferred language) health coaching intervention delivered by nurse and nurse practitioner students in a pilot study of Latinx immigrants with T2D and LEP.MethodsA sample of 17 Latinx immigrants with T2D and LEP were split into intervention and control groups. The control group received basic diabetes care and written educational materials on diabetes self‐management in Spanish. Individuals in the intervention group received the standard diabetes care offered by the clinic and six biweekly health coaching sessions (intervention) with a trained language concordant health coach.ResultsThe language concordant health coaching intervention was both feasible (delivery) and acceptable (satisfactory) to Latinx immigrants with T2D and LEP and resulted in clinically meaningful differences in key diabetes‐related outcomes.Linking Evidence to ActionOur findings suggest that lack of language concordance between provider and patient has an important and meaningful impact on the ability of an LEP Latinx patient to receive, and perhaps act upon, adequate education for T2D management. Receiving biweekly coaching calls could have offered further emotional support for participants to discuss living with T2D, which may have helped to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety that individuals with T2D frequently endure.
Best Practices to Verify Ongoing Placement of NG or OG Tube After Initial X‐ray Confirmation
Authors: Tripathi Rekha , Hinic Katherine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany patients in intensive care units (ICU) require nasogastric (NG) or orogastric (OG) tubes. These patients often require a combination of sedatives that can alter level of consciousness and impair cough or gag reflexes. Such factors can lead to NG/OG tube displacement. Using a misplaced tube can lead to aspiration, lung injury, infection, and even death.AimsTo standardize ongoing verification of NG tube placement practices in our 34‐bed Medical‐Surgical ICU.MethodsThe Johns Hopkins Nursing Model was utilized to guide this project. A literature review and critical appraisal were performed to establish NG/OG tube best practices. Best practices were implemented and assessed (via a survey and charting audits).ResultsFifteen publications were identified and appraised as Level 4 and 5 sources. Best evidence supported that at the time of radiographic confirmation of the tube site, it should be marked with inedible ink or adhesive tape where it exits the nares; tube location should be checked at 4‐hour intervals; and placement/patency should be checked in patients who complain of pain, vomiting, or coughing. Following the practice change, N = 40 nurses indicated improvement in verification of NG/OG tube knowledge, “OK to use” order was verified for 89% of patients, and 63% of tubes were marked with tape at the exit site.Linking Action to EvidenceAdherence to current, evidence‐based strategies for NG/OG tube verification promotes patient safety. Monitoring practice changes is critical to determine whether a best practice is sustained. Electronic health records must be current to guide and support evidence‐based nursing practice.