bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Survey of the Silt Reservoir Structures Technical Condition
Authors: Rimshin V I , Kurbatov V L , Erofeev V T , Ketsko E S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to obtain information about the condition of the sludge tank supporting and enclosing building structures, identifying and fixing existing defects in order to assess their possible impact on structures during its further operation. Archival surveys were carried out, site documentation was selected and studied, load-bearing structures engineering measurements were carried out, building structures were inspected, and the structural condition was photographed selectively, graphic materials were made, technical conclusions were drawn up with conclusions and recommendations for further structures safe operation in order to achieve this goal. The technical surveying included a building structures external examination with damages fixation. The structures general technical condition of the, the presence and nature of the defect’s propagation were previously visually recorded, and then refined using measuring equipment. Verification calculations were also carried out with the design and current load analysis on the sludge tank elements, and the tank supporting structures concrete strength was determined by the ultrasonic method.
Research of Properties of a Carbon Film Formed in Methane Plasma and the Following Annealing
Authors: Neustroev E P , Prokopyev A R , Semenov S O , Popov V I , Protopopov F F , Andreev A S , Savvinova N A , Lukin E S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the work, the properties of graphene oxide processed in methane plasma and plasma of a mixture of methane and nitrogen and subjected to subsequent annealing at T = 650 ° C in an argon atmosphere are investigated. It is shown that during plasma treatment, the hydrogenated amorphous carbon film is deposited on the surface of the exhaust gas. During heat treatment, a significant part of this film is removed, another part of the carbon atoms participates in the formation of bonds with the structure of the exhaust gas. This process leads to a decrease in the density of defects introduced by the plasma. The inclusion of nitrogen in methane plasma leads to n or p doping depending on the plasma power level. This effect is explained by the predominant formation of graphite and pyridine nitrogen configurations, which are donor centers in structures with fewer defects. At a high density of defects, pyrrole nitrogen structures, which are acceptor centers, are mainly introduced.
On the Application of Diopside Rock of the Aldan Deposit in the Production of Concretes
Authors: Vasilyeva A A , Fedorova G D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study on the possibility of heavy-weight concrete production using diopside aggregates from Aldanslyuda ore mining and processing plant has been conducted. It is established that diopside crushed stone, namely, the crushed stone mixture of fractions from 5 to 20 mm is suitable for concretes of strength class up to 60 MPa production. It is recommended to carry out further validating research on the application of diopside rocks in high-strength concrete production. To do that it is necessary to use river sand, the water demand of which is less than of the sand from sifting of crushing solid stone, as a fine aggregate or to replace part of the latter. The physical and mechanical properties of the concretes developed on the basis of diopside aggregates have been investigated.
Method for Calculating the Durability of Bricklaying Materials Based on Chemical Corrosion Processes
Authors: Zheldakov D , Sosnovskiy N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Estimation of the durability of building ceramics is an important applied task. Especially difficult is an analysis of multi-layer building enclosures because of potential interactions of their component parts. Durability of building ceramics is in need of additional research. In this article, the method of evaluation of chemical resistance of a ceramic brick is reviewed. The research was conducted to determine the error of the method with the use of sodium hydroxide as a destructive agent. The results have shown a minor standard deviation of 2.74% with a confidence interval of 3.11%. The comparative analysis of alkalis activity interacting with ceramic materials was conducted: an experiment with sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide were made and chemical degradation coefficients are included. The results has demonstrated different degree of alkali effect in the same experiment conditions that confirmed thermodynamic calculation of chemical reaction’s trends. The methods of corrosion research of building ceramics with use of calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide were reviewed and completed and mass-spectrometric analysis of these solutions were conducted. Conducted analysis and completion of the research methods that evaluate degradation of building ceramics creating a vector for the following researches with a goal to create a broader picture of corrosion process of building materials.
Assessing the Integrity of Steel Ropes for Lifting Machines Based on Testing Data
Authors: Budrin S B , Ilyin A I , Ovsyannikov V V , Smirnov O A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Factors affecting the integrity of steel ropes for lifting machines are considered; a brief review of existing approaches to assessment is made. The dependence of the intensity of the decrease in the area of the metal section of the ropes on the number of loading cycles is obtained. A method for determining the integrity of steel ropes is proposed.
Accounting of Damage of Asphalt Concrete in the Criteria for Calculating the Pavement
Authors: Chusov V V , Aleksandrova N P , Semenova T V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The aim of the article is to develop a general method for accounting for the accumulation of damage in asphalt concrete when calculating pavement according to strength criteria. The article analyzes the methods of calculating pavement according to the criteria: elastic deflection, resistance of the asphalt concrete to tensile bending, and shear resistance in the soil of subgrade. It is established that at present the fatigue of materials is taken into account by mathematical functions that connect the strength parameters of asphalt concrete with the number of applied loads. However, there is no single solution that take into account the effect of damage of asphalt concrete in the pavement on stresses and deformations that occur in the pavement and other layers of pavement. It is proposed to use the principle of equivalent deformation of a damaged and undamaged body to calculate the damage of asphalt concrete. In accordance with the formula of this principle, the elastic modulus decreases with increasing damage. The resulting formula allows to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the upper layer of a two-layer system when calculating pavement according to the criteria of coating resistance to tensile from bending and shear in the soil of subgrade. The same formula allows us to calculate the equivalent elastic modulus of a two-layer system. Thus, the proposed calculation method contains one general approach to accounting for damage accumulation in all three criteria for calculating pavement on strength.
Calorimetric Study of Ionic Liquids Based on 4-Vinylbenzyl Triethylammonium with Chloride and Tetrafluoroborate Anion
Authors: Atlaskina M E , Markov A N , Kazarina O V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present research, the temperature dependence of heat capacity of two ionic liquids VBTEA-Cl (1) and VBTEA-BF4 (2) were studied. 4-Vinylbenzyl triethylammonium chloride was synthesized by original methodic. 4-Vinylbenzyl triethylammonium tetrafluoroborate was obtained via anion exchange reaction. Compounds was characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies, their purity was proven. Compounds 1 and 2 were studied by different scanning calorimetry over the temperature range from 300 to 600 K. The melting point were determined for both substances, but 4-vinylbenzyl pyridine triethylammonium tetrafluoroborate wasn’t stable after melting in contrast with 4-vinylbenzyl pyridine chloride. The experimental data were used to calculate the enthalpy of phase transition (melting) for compound 1.
The Theory and Practice of Teaching Construction Sciences to Foreign Students
Authors: Bilyushova T , Belokon M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the problems of engineering thinking formation among foreign students and the proposed solutions of these problems based on the study of years-long cooperation between the universities of Russia and China and the practices of working with foreign students in various universities in the country.
We focus on the problem of interaction of Russian-born teachers and foreign (Chinese) students aimed at the professional training of construction specialists. This article reviews the teaching practices employed in training foreign students, Chinese in particular, in such basic construction disciplines as Construction Mechanics, Bases of Architecture and Building Structures, General Architecture. We analyze the works carried out within joint Russian-Chinese programs, by FEFU and HUST (PRC) and the preparedness of foreign students chasing engineering degrees to master technical disciplines. The article analyzes possible training methods that may improve the acquisition of professional knowledge taking into account the features of engineering thinking formation among foreign students and the professional lingo of each of the covered disciplines. We also present a conventional classification of disciplines based on the features of their professional lexicon.
Improvement of Structures of Spatial Reinforcement Modules
Authors: Molokhina L A , Bekrenev A G , Filin S A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The topic of the article is the introduction of new materials and technologies into road construction, the goal is to improve the design of spatial reinforcement modules for use in road construction with the possibility of reducing manual labor during their installation during the construction of the roadway or complete mechanization of the process. The tasks solved in the article are to improve the spatial reinforcement modules for the construction of the roadway based on the analysis of factors affecting the strength and time characteristics of its service. Factors affecting the strength and time characteristics of the service of the spatial reinforcement module, the main materials and technologies used for the construction of the roadway in different countries of the world were analyzed. The model of calculation of strength of the spatial reinforcement module and versions of its design are proposed. It is concluded that the proposed module increases stiffness of reinforcing elements when creating roads and filtering and draining abilities of road layers, reduces specific load on the road bed and vibration on it and road-surrounding soils, time and cost of construction, provides strength of the structure when changing the terrain of the road surface and mechanizes the simultaneous manufacturing and installation of the module directly on the working section of the road.
Tribological Properties of AI2O3 Coatings Obtained by Detonation
Authors: Rakhadilov B K , Buitkenov D B , Rakhadilov M K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present work, the effect of the detonation-spraying mode on the tribological properties of Al2O3 coating was studied. It was found that a decrease in the delay time between shots is leading to an increase in the hardness and elastic module of Al2O3 coatings. The obtained values of the coefficient of friction showed that a decrease in the delay time between shots leads to a slight reduction in the coefficient of friction. It is determined that reducing the delay time between shots to 0.25 seconds leads to an increase in the resistance of coatings to abrasive wear. It was found that the main reason for the increase in hardness and wear resistance with a decrease in the delay time between shots to 0.25 s is associated with an increase in the volume fraction of the α-Al2O3 phase. It was found that increase in the volume fraction of the α-Al2O3 phase is caused by the secondary recrystallization γ → α, which occurs due to the heating of particles during coating formation, i.e. due to increase in temperature above 1100 °C in single spots of the coating when they are put each other.
The Expertise of Geo-Base, Foundations, and Deep Foundations: Regional Features of Accounting and Assessment of Deformations During Operation
Authors: Zolina T V , Kupchikova N V , Strelkov S P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article publishes the results of the examination of the foundations and pile foundation of a multi-storey building during operation. In the examination of the geological base, foundations and foundations, significantly reliable research results are precisely with the use of the development of ground pits and modern devices for destructive and non-destructive control.
Improving the Quality of Elements of Flat Heat Exchangers and Roof Coatings Received by the Elastic Working Tool
Authors: Semenov I E , Savchuk D V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of improving the quality of elements of flat heat exchangers and roof coverings. This is achieved by increasing the strength of the sheet metal, heat exchanger elements and by increasing the thickness of the roof covering. It is advisable to make such elements using an elastic working tool. The use of elastic media as a working tool makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of die tooling, but it has drawbacks. The main one is small pressures in an elastic medium that is not enclosed in a closed volume; therefore, the forces that arise are not enough to deform alloys with a thickness of more than 0.5 mm. It is possible to increase the pressure and, accordingly, expand the technological capabilities by reinforcing polyurethane with high-strength aramid fabrics. The paper considers the behavior of a cylindrical polyurethane specimen during its settlement. The theoretical model coincides with the experiments. Two types of specimens were upset, cylindrical with reinforcement with different types of aramid fabric. The experiments carried out show that the reinforcement leads to a significant increase in the rigidity of the working elastic working tool and, as a result, to the expansion of technological capabilities and the range of products obtained by local processing with an elastic medium. This leads to an increase in the performance of flat heat exchangers, as well as an increase in the quality and strength of the roofs.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Selecting Bioprotective Drugs to Protect Materials from Bio-Damage
Authors: Smirnov V , Svetlov D , Anikina N , Erofeeva I , Al Dulaimi S , Letkina N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of research in the field of microbiological corrosion of building materials by Russian and foreign specialists. It is shown that microorganisms cause corrosion of composites on polymer and other binding metal and other materials.
Bio-damage of plastic masses, as well as other materials, occurs simultaneously with their aging under the influence of external physical and chemical factors (ultraviolet radiation, water, temperature changes, etc.). The biostability of polymer materials is significantly affected by additives, usually always present in polymer compositions (fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, antioxidants, modifiers, pigments, etc.)
One of the most effective ways to increase the biostability of composite building materials is the introduction of fungicide additives into their composition. However, unfortunately, the selection of biocidal additives currently does not have a scientific basis and is carried out by trial and error. In our study, we first implemented a new approach to the selection of effective means of protection against biological damage based on the application of ecological, physiological and biochemical criteria: environmental criteria includes the fact that you have to work with micro-organisms which are the true destructors of a particular construction material; physiological and biochemical criteria includes biochemical testing of fungi on their specific aggressive metabolites undergoing the process materials material; the results of such testing are shown on the example of fungi-destructors of construction composites based on urea and phenol-formaldehyde resins; during the research, Nobles and Bovendamm biochemical tests were used; a significant variety of mold fungi was identified from construction composites, which are able to use their components as a food source, and others are random phases that grow due to external contamination; using the example of urea and phenolformaldehyde composites, it was found that the studied fungi-active destructors of these materials have a high activity of oxidoreductases (catalase, peroxidase, phenol oxidase). It is shown that when evaluating a comprehensive analysis of the processes of bio-deterioration is required to account for how species of microscopic fungi are destroyers of building materials and micro-organisms which are pathogenic that can cause mycoses, mycotoxicosis and microallergen.
Investigation of the Inhibitory Effect of Biocidal Products (Based on Guanidine) on the Activity of Building Materials Destructors
Authors: Smirnov V , Svetlov D , Smirnova O , Erofeeva I , Al Dulaimi S , Letkina N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The article presents the classification and specificity of effective methods of protection from bio-damage. Settling on the surface of building materials and structures, microorganisms, along with the destructive effect, worsen the environmental situation in buildings and structures.
Studying the works of Russian and foreign authors in the field of biotechnology made it possible to generalize the basic methods of combating biological damage to KSM (carbamide resin), which are divided into physical, biological and chemical.
One of the most effective and long — lasting ways to protect building materials and structures from damage by microorganisms is the use of biocidal compounds. The latter are introduced into the composition of the material during its manufacture or by the method of impregnation. Fungicides also inhibit the development of microorganisms by reducing the intake of nutrients from the environment to the cells of the fungus.
In world practice, promising biocidal compounds are considered to be preparations based on guanidine, which are effectively used in medicine, the textile industry, in chemical technologies for the synthesis of surfactants, etc. In this article, the inhibitory effect of the preparation “Teflex” (base - polyethylene guanidine) on the activity of exoxidoreductases of fungi destructors of construction composites (Aspergillus fumigatus, Stemphylium verruculosum, Trichoderma koningii and Paecilomyces carneu)s at the maximum of enzymatic activity was evaluated. Biocides were introduced into the fungi culture medium on day 3 (in vivo).
It was found that “Teflex” fungicides inhibit phenolosidotoses, cotoloses and peroxidoses: phenol oxidases of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus - 1.4 times, Paecilomyces carneus - 1.6 times, Trichoderma koningii - 2.0 times, Stemphylium verruculosum - 4.2 times (Figure 7.1 A); catalases of the fungus Paecilomyces carneus - 1.8 times, Trichoderma koningii - 2.2 times, Stemphylium verruculosum - 9.3 times, Aspergillus fumigatus - 23.9 times (Figure 7.1 b); peroxidases of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus - 3.4 times, Trichoderma koningii-4.6 times, Paecilomyces carneus-9.9 times, Stemphylium verruculosum - 43.7 times. The fungicidal effect of the preparation “Teflex” may be associated with its destabilizing effect on the native structure of enzymes. It leads to a violation of the tertiary structure of the enzyme, causes protein denaturation and disorganization of the cell membrane.
On Ice Jam Formation in the Middle Lena
Authors: Nogovitsyn D D , Sheina Z M , Sergeeva L P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ice jams are an integral part of the ice regime of the rivers of the Lena basin, and reach the greatest scales here [1]. Huge masses of ice moving downstream form hummock accumulations, clog the river bed and form ice dams. The nature of ice jams is determined by the conditions of flood formation. The height of the ice-jam water levels varies from year to year, significantly changing both the length of the rivers, and on the territory. Prolonged ice jams embracing large areas of the river during the spring breakup of ice in the Lena cause such natural hazards as flooding. Inhabited localities along the banks of the river are flooded. Catastrophic floods on northern rivers are one of the types of natural emergencies that pose a threat to the life of the population, as well as they cause great environmental and economic damage.
Observation data at hydrometeorological stations and posts do not fully reflect the processes of jamming on rivers [2]. An analysis of the ice and the level regime of the middle reaches of the Lena River in the area of Lensk in this paper is conducted according to the perennial observations of Yakut management on hydrometeorology and monitoring of environment of Rosgidromet of Russia. The work was carried out in order to determine the values of a number of factors that lead to the critical levels at the sites of ice jams.
Study area is the average flow of the river Lena.
Comparative Analysis of Cavitation Resistance of Deposited/Sprayed Layers of Carbides, Stainless Steels and Metastable Austenite
Authors: Alwan H L , Korobov Yu S , Elkind D M , Sirosh V A , Makarov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The cavitation erosion resistance of deposited/sprayed layers prepared by thermal spraying and welding processes was evaluated using a new principle of ultrasonic vibratory testing [1]. A high velocity air fuel thermal spraying process (HVAF), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW or TIG), and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) were used to prepare the deposit deposited/sprayed layers. The WC-10Co4Cr powder was deposited on 20X13 stainless steel, while E308L-17 welding filler electrode, 06X19H9T welding solid wire, and Fe-Cr-Al-Ti cored wire (known as PPM-6) were deposited on AISI 316L stainless steel. For all materials, the curves of volume loss as a function of testing time were plotted. The obtained results showed that the deposited layers of PPM-6 metastable austenite steel prepared by TIG welding process was exhibited a higher resistance to cavitation erosion than the others. The maximum volume loss of PPM-6 steel was about 0.31 mm1, whereas the volume loss for the other materials was of 5-20 times high.
Receiving Perfect SiC-AlN Monocrystals of Solid Solution SiC-AlN/SiC and Models of Series Lanes of Electroluminescence Light-Emitting Diodes; their Use
Authors: Sankin A V , Altukhov V I , Vahilevich N V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The 4H-SiC monocrystals and SiC-AlN solid solutions are described. Models of a series of strips (levels) of solid solutions of Silicon carbide SiC - AlN and hetero-structures (light-emitting diodes) n-SiC/p-(SiC)1-x (AlN)x as a function of x composition are proposed. The SiC/1-x (AlN)x diagram defines the positions of the glow center levels, depending on x. In the series of electroluminescence bands of the light-emitting diodes SiC/SiC-AlN, continuous dependences of the positions of short-wave and long-wave bands in the K-minimum conductivity zone are defined, respectively, as continuous functions of the density of current through contact. This is very important for the wide practical application of the resulting light-emitting diodes with the ability to select radiation throughout the visible spectrum when changing the composition of x solid silicon carbide solution.