bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Itk Promotes the Integration of TCR and CD28 Costimulation through Its Direct Substrates SLP-76 and Gads
Authors: Hallumi Enas , Shalah Rose , Lo Wan-Lin , Corso Jasmin , Oz Ilana , Beach Dvora , Wittman Samuel , Isenberg Amy , Sela Meirav , Urlaub Henning , Weiss Arthur , Yablonski Deborah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The costimulatory receptor CD28 synergizes with the TCR to promote IL-2 production, cell survival, and proliferation; yet the obligatory interdependence of TCR and CD28 signaling is not well understood. Upon TCR stimulation, Gads, a Grb2-family adaptor, bridges the interaction of two additional adaptors, LAT and SLP-76, to form a TCR-induced effector signaling complex. SLP-76 binds the Tec-family tyrosine kinase, Itk, which phosphorylates SLP-76 Y173 and PLC-γ1 Y783. In this study, we identified TCR-inducible, Itk-mediated phosphorylation of Gads Y45 in a human T cell line and in mouse primary T cells. Y45 is found within the N-terminal SH3 domain of Gads, an evolutionarily conserved domain with no known signaling function. Gads Y45 phosphorylation depended on the interaction of Gads with SLP-76 and on the dimerization-dependent binding of Gads to phospho-LAT. We provide evidence that Itk acts through SLP-76 and Gads to promote the TCR/CD28–induced activation of the RE/AP transcriptional element from the IL-2 promoter. Two Itk-related features of SLP-76, Y173 and a proline-rich Itk SH3 binding motif on SLP-76, were dispensable for activation of NFAT but selectively required for the TCR/CD28–induced increase in cytoplasmic and nuclear c-Rel and consequent RE/AP activation. We provide evidence that unphosphorylated, monomeric Gads mediates an RE/AP–directed inhibitory activity that is mitigated upon Gads dimerization and Y45 phosphorylation. This study illuminates a new, to our knowledge, regulatory module, in which TCR-induced, Itk-mediated phosphorylation sites on SLP-76 and Gads control the transcriptional response to TCR/CD28 costimulation, thus enforcing the obligatory interdependence of the TCR and CD28 signaling pathways.
Cutting Edge: mTORC1 Inhibition in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Negatively Affects Peripheral NK Cell Maturation and Number
Authors: Besson Laurie , Mery Benoite , Morelle Magali , Rocca Yamila , Heudel Pierre Etienne , You Benoit , Bachelot Thomas , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Villard Marine , Charrier Emily , Parant François , Viel Sébastien , Garin Gwenaële , Mayet Romaine , Perol David , Walzer Thierry , Tredan Olivier , Marçais Antoine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes displaying strong antimetastatic activity. Mouse models and in vitro studies suggest a prominent role of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase in the control of NK cell homeostasis and antitumor functions. However, mTOR inhibitors are used as chemotherapies in several cancer settings. The impact of such treatments on patients’ NK cells is unknown. We thus performed immunophenotyping of circulating NK cells from metastatic breast cancer patients treated with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus over a three-month period. Everolimus treatment resulted in inhibition of mTORC1 activity in peripheral NK cells, whereas mTORC2 activity was preserved. NK cell homeostasis was profoundly altered with a contraction of the NK cell pool and an overall decrease in their maturation. Phenotype and function of the remaining NK cell population was less affected. This is, to our knowledge, the first in vivo characterization of the role of mTOR in human NK cells.
Approximation of common fixed points of a finite family of &#216; - demicontractive mappings by an implicit iteration method.
Authors: Igbokwe DI , Udofia UE 
Published: April 2021

We prove that the Implicit Iteration process of Xu and Ori (2001) converges strongly to the commonfixed pointsof a finite family of Ø - demicontractive mappings in real Hilbertand Banachspaces. Our results extend the results of Osilike (2004a) from strictl pseudocontractive maps to the much more general Ø - demicontractive maps;complement and generalize several others in the literature.KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: Ø - Demicontractive Maps, Implicit Iteration Process, Fixed Points,Strong Convergence.
Modified Nguyen and Revol’s method for solution set of linear interval system based on Rohn’s method without interval data inputs.
Authors: Uwamusi SE 
Published: April 2021

The paper is a modificationofNguyen and Revol‟s method for the solution set to the linear interval system. The presented methoddoes not require solving Kahan‟s arithmetic which may be a hindrance to that of Nguyen and Revol‟s method as Nguyen and Revol‟s method relies mainly on interval data inputs.Our method under consideration first advances solutionusing real floating point LU Factorization to the real point linear system and then solves a preconditioned residual linear interval system for the error term by incorporating Rohn‟s method which does not make use of interval data inputs wherein, the use of united solution set in the sense of Shary comes in handy as a tool for bounding solution for the linear interval system. Special attention is paid to the regularity of the preconditioned interval matrix. Numerical exampleis used to illustrate the algorithm and remarks are made based on the strength of our findings.KEY WORDS:refinement of solution, linear interval system, Rohn‟s method, Hansen-Bliek-Rohnmethod, preconditioned residual linear interval iteration, kahan‟s arithmetic
Correlative modeling techniques to reducing uncertainties in a complex marginal field in the Niger Delta.
Authors: Ilozobhie A.J. , Egu D. I. 
Published: April 2021

Deterministic and probabilistic re-evaluation was used in handling predetermined six uncertainties in five wells in Isand reservoir. Results of low case (LC) modeled string showed that the I-sand reservoir is severely deformed by faults and this was confirmed with a predicted high case (HC) modeled string. When structure was sensitized at a bulk volume of 10,964STB with porosity of 0.266, water saturation of 0.43 and net to gross ratio (NTG) of 0.75 and initial oil formation volume factor (Boi) of 2.2bbl/stb, the resultant estimated stock tank initial oil in place (STOIIP) gave 5,892,752.65STB or the base case. The corresponding STOIIP for the low and high case are 5,198,470.887STB and 6,451,196.678STB. Results of deterministic analysis shows that the low case results gave a minimum value of 5.20MMSTB for structures and maximum value of 6.2MMSTB for water saturation. High case results revealed a maximum of 6.45MMSTB for structures and a minimum value of 5.69MMSTB for water saturation. Results of high, low and base cases were used to quantify some of the uncertainties in the volumetric estimation and subsequently in the probabilistic method. This work clearly shows the viability of the pragmatic approach used to quantify the uncertainty ranges in reservoir parameters and their impact on the statics volumes as well as recovery. Keywords: deterministic, probabilistic, modeled, structures, water saturation, net to gross ratio
Impact Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants Emissions from Mining Operations at Ghana Managanese Company Ltd.
Authors: Amegbey N. , Afum B. O. , Ndur S. , Coffie-Anum E. 
Published: April 2021

Atmospheric pollutants diffusion study was conducted around the operational sites and immediate neighbouring communities of Ghana Manganese Company (GMC). The pollutants are emitted by sources associated with the main operations and activities of the mine including on-bench rock drilling and blasting, material excavation and hauling, vehicular movements and mine machinery exhaust emissions, as well as crushing of blasted rocks. Methodologies involving computerised dispersion modelling was used to estimate near-field ambient pollutant impacts on neighbouring Tarkwa-Banso community, at 400 m from the Mine’s nearest operational site (Pit C North). The community is located in the dispersive fan of North to the East-South-Eastern part of the mine site. Measured airborne particulates (PM10 and TSP) concentrations in the Tarkwa-Banso community were below Ghana EPA’s permissible limits of 70 µg/m3 and 150 µg/m3 respectively. The predicted monthly concentrations of the airborne particulates (PM10 and TSP) at 400 m buffer from the crushing plant were greatly lower than the permissible regulatory limits. With effective dust mitigation measures, the predicted PM10 and TSP dust concentrations emanating from drilling, blasting, loading and hauling activities at Pit C North were also generally lower than the regulatory requirement. All the predicted monthly concentrations of NOx and SO2 at the 400 m buffer from Pit C North were significantly lower than the allowable regulatory requirement of 60 µg/m3 and 100 µg/m3 respectively. The study indicates that, the operation of the crushing plant together with the general mining operations at Pit C North in the mine has no significant impact on Tarkwa-Banso community. Keywords: Impacts, Particulates Matter, Concentration Levels, Environment, Prediction
Fungal-Transformation of Surrogate Sulphides and Carbonaceous Matter in Refractory Gold Ores: Revisited
Authors: Ofori-Sarpong G. , Adjei D. K. , Amankwah R. K. 
Published: April 2021

In the recovery of gold from refractory gold ores, pretreatment is required to decompose sulphides and liberate occluded gold before cyanidation, and to deactivate carbonaceous matter and prevent it from adsorbing dissolved gold. Until the past three decades, most commercial pretreatment processes had been by abiotic means. Biological pretreatment methods on commercial basis is therefore a recent phenomenon, and several researches are underway to assess the ability of different biological agents in the breakdown of sulphur and carbonaceous matter (CM) in gold ores. This paper, which is a revisit of an earlier one, presents an overview of on-going research aimed at assessing the capability of the fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to degrade sulphides and CM. Surrogate carbonaceous materials (lignite, bituminous and anthracite coals) and pure sulphides (pyrite and arsenopyrite) were used to model the behavior of CM and sulphides in refractory gold ores. To monitor the extent of biotransformation, preg-robbing test was conducted on the as-received and treated CM, and sulphide sulphur in the residual sulphidic materials was also determined. From an initial preg-robbing effect of 125 µg of gold per gram of CM, the ability of CM to preg-rob gold reduced by 70-95% in the order of lignite<bituminous <anthracite within 21 days of treatment, whereas there were 18% and 39% oxidation of sulphide sulphur in pyrite and arsenopyrite respectively. XRD examination of the treated anthracite confirmed reduction in the graphitic structure of carbon following fungal transformation. Similarly, there was a decline in the major sulphide peak after microbial pretreatment. The results indicate that the fungus biotransforms through destruction of the ordered structure, followed by introduction of oxygen groups. The amorphous nature, thus generated, inhibits the uptake of aurocyanide ions by CM, while enhancing the affinity of cyanide for the oxidised sulphide material in subsequent cyanidation treatment. The findings contribute to knowledge on novel and technically viable alternative methods for oxidative pretreatment of refractory gold ores. Keywords: Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, Carbonaceous Matter, Metal Sulphides, Biotransformation
Variabilidade espacial e temporal da precipitação pluviométrica na região hidrográfica do Paraguaçu - BA
Authors: Souza Tailan Santos de , Nascimento Patricia dos Santos 
Published: April 2021

A avaliação do regime pluviométrico constitui uma ferramenta indispensável para planejar e gerir adequadamente os recursos hídricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação pluviométrica na região hidrográfica do Paraguaçu - BA. Baseado nos dados de precipitação pluviométrica de 50 postos pluviométricos inseridos e no entorno da região, datados de 1989 a 2018, foram elaborados gráficos e mapas para avaliação espaço-temporal da precipitação média, do Índice de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC) e do Índice de Concentração de Precipitação (ICP). Ainda foram identificadas zonas de pluviosidades homogêneas, através da análise de agrupamentos. Os resultados revelaram que o período chuvoso é bem definido entre novembro e abril, os maiores índices de precipitação (acima dos 700 mm) ocorreram nas extremidades leste e oeste e os menores (abaixo dos 400 mm) nas porções influenciadas pelo semiárido. A tendência decrescente do IAC apontou alta possibilidade para ocorrência de eventos extremos de seca, enquanto a média histórica de 17,04 % para o ICP, que classificou a distribuição de chuvas como medianamente irregular, indicou a ocorrência de precipitações concentradas. Foram identificados três agrupamentos homogêneos em relação à variabilidade pluviométrica.
APPLICATION OF SYNTAX VALENCE IN SENTENCES
Authors: Hafizov G‘ayrat 
Published: April 2021

Гапнинг тузилиши синтаксиснинг махсус қонунларидан ташқари лексик бирликларнинг бир-бири билан бирикиш имкониятларига боғлиқ. Шу боис синтагматикада асосий эътибор валентликка қаратилган бўлиб, у синтаксис ва лексик семантиканинг кесишиш нуқтасида содир бўлади.
Ушбу мақолада гапнинг ўз хусусий валентлигига мос равишда боғланишини, гап ўзига маъно жиҳатдан мос келадиган боғловчини, кесимни талаб қилиши, тилининг синтактик қурилиши ҳамда бу тизимнинг лисоний холати талкини ва нуткий вокеланиши ёритилган.
GASTRONOMÍA TRADICIONAL EN PRODUCTOS ELABORADOS EN BASE AL MAÍZ DE LA CIUDAD DE JIPIJAPA
Authors: Pita Lino Alexandra , Pibaque Pionce Maritza Sandra , Baque Franco Xiomara Lilibeth 
Published: April 2021

Actualmente existe una pérdida cultural en cuanto a los métodos de preparación gastronómica; sustituidas por las técnicas tradicionales, como el uso de tecnologías actuales e ingredientes procesados. Este proyecto de investigación desarrolló un estudio de los platillos tradicionales elaborados en base al maíz. Su objetivo fue valorar la cultura histórica que tiene cada platillo. En este sentido se determinó el conocimiento del patrimonio intangible que tienen las personas en cuanto a este tipo de platillos y se identificaron los más conocidos y consumidos. Para este estudio se aplicó la metodología mediante técnicas de encuestas, entrevista y fichas gastronómicas y se procedió a realizar su análisis, donde se obtuvo que la mayoría de platos se preparan con técnicas actuales no tradicionales. Esto determinó que se debe impulsar la preparación gastronómica tradicional de los productos elaborados en base al maíz de la ciudad de jipijapa, indispensable para el desarrollo turístico y económico, y potenciación de la cultura histórica local.
COMUNICACIÓN DIGITAL Y ADAPTACIÓN DE LAS MIPYMES DEL CANTÓN ISIDRO AYORA
Authors: Martillo Alvarado Betty María , Martillo Alvarado Estefanía Karina , Peña Ponce Diana Katiuska 
Published: April 2021

Gestionar la presencia web se ha convertido en las últimas dos décadas en una actividad fundamental en cualquier tipo de organización, situación que no es diferente en el ámbito de la comunicación digital en las micro, pequeña y mediana empresas del cantón Isidro Ayora. Está investigación exploró la adaptación de medios digitales en las empresas y cómo adaptarlos en los negocios. El objetivo fue determinar cómo han logrado adaptarse las MIPYMES del cantón Isidro Ayora a la comunicación digital, para esto se realizó un acercamiento cualitativo, mediante entrevistas en profundidad, para conocer la forma en qué los negocios han adecuado la comunicación digital en el ámbito laboral, donde los métodos inductivos y deductivos permitieron fundamentar el desarrollo del trabajo. De los resultados se desprende que en la mayoría de estos emprendimientos, los propietarios consideran importante la implementación de plataformas digitales, así como el uso de las redes sociales como canales de comunicación con el cliente, esto por sus reducidos costos y el aprovechamiento de sus ventajas. Son Facebook e Instagram las redes sociales más frecuentemente utilizadas, entre los servicios de mensajería el más destacado es WhatsApp, que se ha constituido en una herramienta útil para las empresas.
APLIKASI HERMENEUTIKA KONTEKSTUAL AL-QUR’AN ABDULLAH SAEED
Authors: Wahidi Ridhoul 
Published: April 2021

Tulisan ini membahas hermenutika kontekstual Abdullah Saeed yang berimplikasi terhadap hermeneutika al-Qur'an secara lebih luas. Abdullah Saeed mengapdosi teori double movement-nya Fazlur Rahman untuk menghasilkan penafsiran kontekstual yang menjadi proyeknya. Ada empat landasan teoritis yang dirumuskan oleh Abdullah Saeed dalam penafsiran kontekstualnya: 1. Korelasi wahyu dengan konteks sosio-historis saat wahyu itu diturunkan. 2. Faktor fleksibilitas cara membaca al-Qur’an dan hukum yang berlaku di dalam al-Qur’an mengikuti situasi dan kondisi, yang menunjukkan bahwa sejak diturunkannya, wahyu telah berdialektika dengan author pertamanya. 3. Kondisi internal al-Qur’an tidak dapat dibaca dan dipahami hanya dengan pendekatan tekstual. Key Word: Tafsir Kontekstual, Ethico-Legal Texts, Hermentika Pembebasan
ANALISIS TERJEMAH AYAT-AYAT ISTIFHĀM
Authors: Dakwah Dinuro  , Maimoen Abdul Ghofur 
Published: April 2021

Al-Qur`an is a medium of interaction between God and humans by using Arabic. This interaction uses a variety of sentences, including an interrogative sentence. The interrogative sentence does not only function to ask for information but is intended for other purposes according to the context of the narrative. People who do not speak Arabic, how to understand the interactions contained in the Qur'an depends on the translation into their language. This study examines the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affair’s translation of Istifhām verses with a focus on surah al-Baqarahjuz 1. The method used in this study is descriptive-analysis method witha translation theory for Istifhām verses or introgative sentences. This method is used to determine the consistency of the translation and the value represented in the translation. This study concludes that the translation is consistent in selecting equivalent words. Meanwhile, inconsistencies occur in the translation of the question word hamzah by thereason of more appropriate considered diction for the translation. Sometimes hamzah is translated using the question word "apakah (whether)", the particle "kah", "mengapa (why)", and "tidak (not)". In general, the 11 verses, the object of the author's study, are translated into the form of interrogative sentences.
Keywords: Istifhām, translation, Al-Qur`an, tafsir
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENGGAMBAR PROYEKSI ORTOGONAL MATA PELAJARAN GAMBAR TEKNIK MESIN MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL BELAJAR CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) SISWA KELAS X TP 1 KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 KARAWANG TAHUN P
Authors: SLAMET RAHARJO SLAMET RAHARJO 
Published: April 2021

Selama ini pembelajaran yang berlangsung di SMK Negeri 1 Karawang, khususnya pada Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Pemesinan masih menggunakan metode ceramah dan demontrasi. Secara umum guru menerangkan, memberi contoh/demonstrasi, meberi tugas untuk latihan, memberi tugas untuk praktek, sedangkan siswa memperhatikan , mendemonstrasikan dengan pengawasan guru, lalu diakhiri dengan siswa mengerjakan tugas prakteknya, sehingga hasilnya kurang memuaskan. Penelitian ini dilakukan agar pembaharuan dalam proses belajar mengajar dapat dilakukan dengan dasar dari hasil penelitian yang benar. Penelitian ini berdasarkan hipotesa bahwa bila proses pembelajaran dilakukan dengan metode CTL akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Metode pembelajaran CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) adalah suatu pendekatan pembelajaran yang menekankan kepada proses keterlibatan siswa secara penuh untuk dapat menemukan materi yang dipelajari dan menghubungkannya dengan situasi kehidupan nyata sehingga mendorong siswa untuk dapat menerapkan dalam kehidupan mereka (Sanjaya 2008). Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Negeri 1 Karawang, pada kelas X TP 1, Kompetensi keahlian Teknik Pemesinan pada tahun pelajaran 2016-2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar dalam pelajaran Gambar Teknik Mesin dalam Materi Menggambar Proyeksi Ortogonal di kelas X TP 1 pada SMK Negeri 1 Karawang, sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran dengan CTL nilai rata rata sebesar 59,38 , kemudian meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 72,19 dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 82,81
Хорижий мамлакатлар жиноят қонунчилигида ахлоқ тузатиш ишлари жазосининг тартибга солиниши
Authors: Рузиев Иззатилло 
Published: April 2021

Ушбу мақолада ахлоқ тузатиш ишлари жазосининг мазмуни ва моҳияти, мақсади ҳамда ушбу жазо турини тайинлаш тартиби ва шартлари, ўзига хос хусусиятлари, ахлоқ тузатиш ишларига ҳукм қилинган шахсларнинг ҳуқуқ ва мажбуриятлари, шунингдек ахлоқ тузатиш ишлари жазосини қўлашда хорижий давлатларнинг илғор тажрибаси ўрганилиб, қонунчилигимизда ахлоқ тузатиш ишлари жазосини қўлашда юзага келадиган муаммоларни бартараф этиш бўйича тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилган.
O surto de peste de 1899
Authors: Teixeira Mônica 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar o noticiário veiculado pelo jornal O Estado de São Paulo sobre o evento “surto de peste em Santos” ocorrido entre agosto de 1899 e fevereiro de 1900, identificando a participação dos atores envolvidos e suas representações oficiais, analíticas e ideológicas. A pesquisa utilizou as edições de O Estado do período como fonte primária e realizou uma revisão bibliográfica contextualizada sobre o tema. O Serviço Sanitário agia muito, o que não substituía seus recursos escassos: havia pouco soro antipestoso, sendo que Vital Brasil não levaria menos de três meses para aprontar a primeira partilha. Ademais, muitas dúvidas cercavam sua eficácia, já que o soro Yersin estava em debate. A peste, em si, permanecia poderosa: ao enfrentá-la nos laboratórios, até mesmo os maiores especialistas se puseram em risco. Além de Vital Brasil ter caído doente, Oswaldo Cruz, quando esteve em Santos para informar sobre a situação do surto o governo federal, ficou vários dias sob suspeita da doença. O Serviço Sanitário entrou no enfrentamento da peste bubônica como quem iria enfrentar a febre amarela e, por isso, embora tenha prometido, não conseguiria pôr em funcionamento os banhos de desinfecção na Hospedaria dos Imigrantes.