bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β1-adrenergic and Muscarinic Acetylcholine Type 2
Receptor Antibodies are Increased in Graves’ Hyperthyroidism and
Decrease During Antithyroid Therapy
Authors: Tammelin Karin , Lundgren Anna , Holmberg Mats , Andersson Bengt , Nyström Helena Filipsson 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective To determine the association between autoantibodies to
G-protein-coupled receptors with effect on the cardiovascular system and the
cardiac biomarker N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide reflecting heart
function in Gravesʼ disease.
Design and Methods Sixty premenopausal women with Graves’
disease were analyzed for IgG autoantibodies against
β1-adrenergic, muscarinic acetylcholine type 2 and
angiotensin II type 1 receptors using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
based on cell membranes overexpressing receptors in their native
conformations. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and heart symptoms
were analyzed in hyperthyroidism and after 7.5 months of antithyroid
treatment. Matched thyroid healthy controls were also assessed.
Results Serum levels of antibodies against the
β1-adrenergic and the muscarinic acetylcholine type 2
receptors were higher in hyperthyroid patients than in controls (median
β1-adrenergic receptor antibodies 1.9 [IQR
1.3–2.7] vs. 1.1 [0.8–1.7] μg/mL,
P<0.0001; muscarinic acetylcholine type 2 receptor 20.5
[14.0–38.3] vs. 6.0 [3.2–9.9] U/mL,
P<0.0001). These antibodies decreased in euthyroidism
(P<0.01), but were still higher than in controls
(P<0.01). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor levels did not
differ. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was higher in
hyperthyroidism (240 [134–372] vs. <35
[<35–67] ng/L, P<0.0001), normalized
after treatment and did not correlate with autoantibodies.
Conclusion Autoantibodies against the β1-adrenergic
and the muscarinic acetylcholine type 2 receptors were increased in
Graves’ patients, decreased with treatment, but did not correlate
with cardiac function. However, an autoimmune effect on the heart cannot be
excluded in subpopulations, as the functional properties of the analyzed
antibodies remain to be determined.
Knoevenagel Condensation of Phosphinoylacetic Acids with Aldehydes: An Efficient One-Pot Strategy for the Synthesis of P-Functionalized Alkenyl Compounds
Authors: Dziuba Kamil , Szwaczko Katarzyna , Frynas Sławomir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA wide range of commercially available aldehydes have been applied to Knoevenagel condensation reaction to give E-alkenylphosphine oxides and vinylphosphine oxides. The readily available phosphinoylacetic acids derived from P(O)–H compounds were used as the starting materials in the reaction, providing a highly stereoselective and efficient method for constructing α,β-unsaturated phosphine oxides. Moreover, this simple and practical procedure provides an alternative and more environmentally friendly synthesis strategy for this type of P-functionalized alkenyl compounds.
Preface: Modern Heterocycle Synthesis and Functionalization
Authors: Campeau Louis-Charles , Rovis Tomislav 
Published: January 2021

obtained his PhD degree in 2008 with the late Professor Keith Fagnou at the University of Ottawa in Canada as an NSERC Doctoral Fellow. He then joined Merck Research Laboratories at Merck-Frosst in Montreal in 2007, making key contributions to the discovery of Doravirine (MK-1439) for which he received a Merck Special Achievement Award. In 2010, he moved from Quebec to New Jersey, where he has served in roles of increasing responsibility with Merck ever since. L.-C. is currently Executive Director and the Head of Process Chemistry and Discovery Process Chemistry organizations, leading a team of smart creative scientists developing innovative chemistry solutions in support of all discovery, pre-clinical and clinical active pharmaceutical ingredient deliveries for the entire Merck portfolio for small-molecule therapeutics. Over his tenure at Merck, L.-C. and his team have made important contributions to >40 clinical candidates and 4 commercial products to date.
Tom Rovis was born in Zagreb in former Yugoslavia but was largely raised in southern Ontario, Canada. He earned his PhD degree at the University of Toronto (Canada) in 1998 under the direction of Professor Mark Lautens. From 1998–2000, he was an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University (USA) with Professor David A. Evans. In 2000, he began his independent career at Colorado State University and was promoted in 2005 to Associate Professor and in 2008 to Professor. His group’s accomplishments have been recognized by a number of awards including an Arthur C. Cope Scholar, an NSF CAREER Award, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a ­Katritzky Young Investigator in Heterocyclic Chemistry. In 2016, he moved to Columbia University where he is currently the Samuel Latham Mitchill Professor of Chemistry.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Anderson Richard A. , Nelson Scott M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe menopause and its pathological version, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), are characterized by the cessation of follicle growth in the ovary, with consequent lack of estrogen production and amenorrhea. The measurement of a specific product of ovarian follicles would therefore be expected to be a valuable biomarker in women with POI, and to be of likely clinical value in the diagnosis and perhaps prediction of POI. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells of growing follicles and is therefore likely to be of value in this context. Current data indicate that measurement of AMH is an accurate indicator of POI in many situations and has diagnostic validity and may facilitate more timely diagnosis. AMH seems to be of limited value in predicting age at natural menopause, even with multiple measurements, and there are scarce data regarding prediction of POI, other than when it is imminent, and in some contexts where there is an immediate iatrogenic threat to ovarian function. AMH therefore appears to have considerable value as a diagnostic test for POI, but apart from highlighting broadly those at increased risk, it has inadequate precision to be able to predict accurately the timing of onset of impending POI.
On the Link Between Managerial Attributes and Firm Access to Formal Credit in Myanmar
Authors: Hansen Henrik , Rand John , Tarp Finn , Trifkovic Neda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUsing a survey of enterprises in Myanmar, we examine demand for formal credit and the extent to which firms are self-constrained by not applying for credit or if they apply and are constrained by bank’s rejections. We have information about firm managers’ managerial capacity and risk attitude. We use this to test if the allocation of loanable funds is systematically associated with the attributes. We find that these attributes are positively associated with firm performance and the probability of both having credit demand and applying for credit. On the supply side we find no discernible links to the traits once we control for self-constraint in applying for credit. Thus, the traits improve credit access through a higher likelihood of applying for credit not a higher probability of being granted credit when applying. We suggest to improve the allocation of credit by incentivizing banks to utilize information about managers’ business capacity.
Combining laser interferometry and plasma spectroscopy for spatially resolved high-sensitivity plasma density measurements in discharge capillaries
Authors: Garland J. M. , Tauscher G. , Bohlen S. , Boyle G. J. , D’Arcy R. , Goldberg L. , Põder K. , Schaper L. , Schmidt B. , Osterhoff J. 
Published: January 2021

Precise characterization and tailoring of the spatial and temporal evolution of plasma density within plasma sources are critical for realizing high-quality accelerated beams in plasma wakefield accelerators. The simultaneous use of two independent diagnostics allowed the temporally and spatially resolved detection of plasma density with unprecedented sensitivity and enabled the characterization of the plasma temperature in discharge capillaries for times later than 0.5 µs after the initiation of the discharge, at which point the plasma is at local thermodynamic equilibrium. A common-path two-color laser interferometer for obtaining the average plasma density with a sensitivity of 2 × 1015 cm−2 was developed together with a plasma emission spectrometer for analyzing spectral line broadening profiles with a resolution of 5 × 1015 cm−3. Both diagnostics show good agreement when applying the spectral line broadening analysis methodology of Gigosos and Cardeñoso in the temperature range of 0.5 eV–5.0 eV. For plasma with densities of 0.5–2.5 × 1017 cm−3, temperatures of 1 eV–7 eV were indirectly measured by combining the diagnostic information. Measured longitudinally resolved plasma density profiles exhibit a clear temporal evolution from an initial flat-top to a Gaussian-like shape in the first microseconds as material is ejected out from the capillary. These measurements pave the way for highly detailed parameter tuning in plasma sources for particle accelerators and beam optics.
Insect biomass decline scaled to species diversity: General patterns derived from a hoverfly community
Authors: Hallmann Caspar A. , Ssymank Axel , Sorg Martin , de Kroon Hans , Jongejans Eelke 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceVarious sources have reported insect decline in total biomass, numbers, and species diversity. With German data on a species-rich hoverfly community over 25 y and a theoretical model, we show how these decline rates are interrelated. The relationship between biomass and diversity losses depends on whether common or rarer species are most affected. Our analyses show stronger declines of common than rare hoverfly species. Strong reductions (up to −80%) in total abundance and biomass correspond with observed species richness declines of −20% to −40% on a seasonal basis. On a daily basis, however, hoverfly diversity declined in proportion to biomass loss, with important consequences for the functioning of ecosystems.
High-speed compressed-sensing fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of live cells
Authors: Ma Yayao , Lee Youngjae , Best-Popescu Catherine , Gao Liang 
Published: January 2021

Significance
This paper describes a high-speed fluorescence lifetime imaging method, compressed-sensing fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (compressed FLIM), which can produce high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) lifetime images at an unprecedented frame rate. Compared to other state-of-the-art FLIM imagers, compressed FLIM has a striking advantage in acquiring a widefield lifetime image within a single camera snapshot, thereby eliminating motion artifacts and enabling fast recording of biological events.
Time-reversal symmetry breaking in the Fe-chalcogenide superconductors
Authors: Zaki Nader , Gu Genda , Tsvelik Alexei , Wu Congjun , Johnson Peter D. 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceIn the Fe-chalcogenide superconductors, topology, superconductivity, and magnetism all come together to provide a platform for a range of exotic quantum phenomena. Topology and superconductivity can interact to give topological superconductivity capable of supporting Majorana fermions that could prove to be the basis of future qubit technology. The large spin–orbit interaction associated with the topological phenomena combined with magnetism can potentially result in the quantum anomalous Hall effect although the superconductivity will work against such. It is important that we understand the relevant roles of the different phenomena. Here we provide evidence of time-reversal symmetry breaking and associated mass acquisition in a topological surface state at the superconducting transition, an observation highly suggestive of the formation of surface ferromagnetism.
Global mapping of urban–rural catchment areas reveals unequal access to services
Authors: Cattaneo Andrea , Nelson Andrew , McMenomy Theresa 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Physical access to services and employment opportunities shapes the lives of people everywhere. For 3.4 billion people living in rural locations, the size of nearby urban centers and the associated travel time affect the breadth of services and opportunities available and their accessibility. We identify catchment areas of urban centers of different sizes and how many people gravitate toward each city or town, providing a full spatial representation of the connection between rural areas and urban centers and fresh insights on the diversity of urban–rural systems. The global dataset opens the door to applied research in various disciplines—such as poverty reduction, food systems, health, and education—where a person’s place of residence is an important factor.
Interplay between desmoglein2 and hypoxia controls metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Chang Po-Hao , Chen Min-Che , Tsai Ya-Ping , Tan Grace Y. T. , Hsu Pang-Hung , Jeng Yung-Ming , Tsai Yi-Fang , Yang Muh-Hwa , Hwang-Verslues Wendy W. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
During metastasis, hypoxia is a major force driving primary tumor cells to disseminate into the circulatory system. The key factors that promote circulating tumor cells (CTC) dissemination and allow them to successfully colonize distal sites are still incompletely known. We found that down-regulation of DSG2 in hypoxic tumor allowed single tumor cell dissemination, while DSG2-expressing tumors generated more CTC clusters. Reinduction of DSG2 expression in single CTCs may contribute to CTC survival and colonization in distant organs. These findings highlight the importance of DSG2 in breast cancer progression and metastasis.
Topological metals and finite-momentum superconductors
Authors: Yuan Noah F. Q. , Fu Liang 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Our work uncovers an interesting connection between topological band theory and superconductivity. While BCS superconductivity at zero magnetic field is largely insensitive to electron wavefunction, in this work we reveal a rich phase diagram of finite-momentum superconductivity in the presence of spin–orbit splitting and Zeeman fields, where electron pairing depends closely on the topology of spin texture on the Fermi surface.
Imaging conical intersection dynamics during azobenzene photoisomerization by ultrafast X-ray diffraction
Authors: Keefer Daniel , Aleotti Flavia , Rouxel Jérémy R. , Segatta Francesco , Gu Bing , Nenov Artur , Garavelli Marco , Mukamel Shaul 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Vibronic coherences are unique features that emerge in the decisive moments of photochemistry and photophysics. Here we demonstrate how X-ray diffraction can access fundamental information about these coherences. This is enabled by recent developments at free-electron lasers, working toward temporal resolution and single-molecule accessibility of scattering-based measurements. Time-resolved diffraction patterns of the isomerization of azobenzene are simulated. The process is monitored in time via the momentum-space signal, with a special focus on the mixed elastic/inelastic scattering from coherences. We give practical ideas on how this relatively weak contribution to the signal can potentially be retrieved. A direct connection to the real-space movie of the conical intersection dynamics is made, enabling the observation of quantum coherences that direct chemical processes.
Regulation of a subset of release-ready vesicles by the presynaptic protein Mover
Authors: Pofantis Ermis , Neher Erwin , Dresbach Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Significance
At active zones, ubiquitous proteins tether neurotransmitter-laden vesicles to specialized release sites, make them fusion-competent, and regulate their exocytotic fusion. Can specialized, synapse-specific proteins modulate this machinery? If so, which steps do they regulate? Here, we study mice lacking the presynaptic protein Mover. Mover is absent in some invertebrates and restricted to certain synapses in the rodent brain. Using electrophysiology and mathematical analysis of transmitter release kinetics at the calyx of Held, we find that Mover regulates a subset of fusion-competent synaptic vesicles: Mover selectively affects the vesicles most poised to be released during the initial stages of activity. Thus, by analogy, if ubiquitous proteins are light switches, Mover is a dimmer in transmitter release.
Natural cystatin C fragments inhibit GPR15-mediated HIV and SIV infection without interfering with GPR15L signaling
Authors: Hayn Manuel , Blötz Andrea , Rodríguez Armando , Vidal Solange , Preising Nico , Ständker Ludger , Wiese Sebastian , Stürzel Christina M. , Harms Mirja , Gross Rüdiger , Jung Christoph , Kiene Miriam , Jacob Timo , Pöhlmann Stefan , Forssmann Wolf-Georg , Münch Jan , Sparrer Konstantin M. J. , Seuwen Klaus , Hahn Beatrice H. , Kirchhoff Frank 
Published: January 2021

SignificanceG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in many physiological processes and important drug targets. However, most therapeutic agents targeting GPCRs, such as the coreceptors of HIV-1 CCR5 and CXCR4, also interfere with their signaling function. Here, we used primate lentiviruses as tools to discover novel endogenous ligands of GPR15, a coreceptor for HIV-2 and SIV proposed to play a role in mucosal immunity. We found that C-terminal fragments of cystatin C generated by immune-activated proteases inhibit GPR15-mediated HIV and SIV infection without interfering with GPR15L chemokine signaling. Thus, we identified an endogenous bioactive peptide that specifically prevents the detrimental activity of a GPCR (i.e. virus infection) without compromising its physiological signaling function.
Free NPs as units in Finnish
Authors: Helasvuo Marja-Liisa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on free NPs, i.e. noun phrases that are grammatically not part of any clause but form units
of their own. Using the methodology of discourse-functional and interactional linguistics, I analyze the morphosyntactic, prosodic
and interactional features of free NPs in conversational Finnish. With its rich morphological marking, Finnish provides an
interesting perspective on free NPs: Morphosyntactic features, together with semantics, are crucial in determining the status of
an NP as a clausal constituent or a free NP. The prosodic analysis shows that the majority of free NPs show clear prosodic
boundaries, signalled for example by speaker change, coherent intonation contour, pause or pitch reset. Free NPs serve various
interactional functions, such as making assessments or disambiguating referents. These are functions which operate on something
already established in the discourse. Free NPs, however, can also initiate something new for example by making requests or
introducing new topics.
Constructional creativity in a Romance language
Authors: Busso Lucia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present contribution summarizes findings on the understudied area of Italian valency coercion – i. e. the interaction of verbs and argument structure constructions in novel and creative ways – from four different studies. It highlights their innovative character, theoretical significance, and crosslinguistic implications for Construction Grammar. The paper suggests that valency coercion resolution involve different phenomena, such as distributional properties of constructions and compatibility between verb and construction. Sociolinguistic factors such as age and diatopic variables are also suggested to be relevant.
Argument structure satisfaction via unselected adjuncts
Authors: Fujii Seiko , Lee-Goldman Russell 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a frame-based constructional approach to argument structure satisfaction via unselected adjuncts, by
focusing on one such case in Japanese. It points out an intriguing constructional phenomenon whereby causal adjunct clauses marked with
node ‘because’, as used with main-clause predicates that evoke communication frames (such as Telling and
Warning), serve to satisfy main-clause argument structure. The node clause precedes the main-clause speech act of
telling/warning, and can be interpreted as a speech-act causal (Sweetser 1990). The
node clause at the same time conveys the content of informing or warning, i.e., the core Frame Element message,
which is absent as a main-clause complement. This analysis of argument structure satisfaction via unselected adjuncts provides evidence for
a Frame Semantic approach to argument structure that incorporates Construction Grammar.
Va a ser que no
Authors: Garachana Mar , Sansiñena María Sol 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study seeks to gain a better insight into the origin and expansion of the construction <va a ser que
sí/no
> (lit. goes to be that yes/no) in Peninsular Spanish. We argue that this construction derives from the use of the
periphrastic future construction <ir a ‘go to’ + inf> in a pseudo-cleft sentence whose subject is a deictic
element or an element that conveys the speaker’s attitudinal assessment of the propositional content expressed in the attribute, a
complement que-clause. The etymological structure evolves through a process that formally implies the suppression of the
explicit subject and the fusion of the components va a ser que leading to the conventionalization of refutative and
assertive values. To demonstrate this directionality, we examine recent stages of change and develop syntactic and semantic-pragmatic
arguments grounded in a data-based approach.
Concessive conditionals as a family of constructions
Authors: Leuschner Torsten 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis squib sketches an approach to concessive conditionals (CCs) from the perspective of Radical Construction Grammar (Croft 2001). It brings earlier functional-typological work on CCs to bear on language-particular constructionist analyses of CCs, using the notions of ‘family (of constructions)’ and ‘prototype’ as the bridge. After suggesting how these notions can be applied to CCs under a functional-typological approach, the structure of the CC sub-constructicon in German is discussed, and directions for future research are offered to round the squib off.
Dialect syntax in Construction Grammar
Authors: Morin Cameron , Desagulier Guillaume , Grieve Jack 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This squib focuses on two main issues. Firstly, it examines the ways in which constructionist approaches to language can
bring about an improved theoretical understanding of Double Modals (DMs) in dialects of English. DMs have proved to be a long-lasting,
notorious puzzle in formal linguistics, and have not received any general solution today, with much analysis devoted to their constituent
structure and their postulated layers of derivation, especially in generative models of language. Usage-based strands of Construction
Grammar (CxG) appear to naturally overcome such problems, while conveying a more cognitively and socially realistic picture of such dialect
variants. Secondly, and more importantly, we argue that such an improved, constructional understanding of DMs can also contribute to
advances in the modeling of dialect syntax in CxG, both theoretically and methodologically. In particular, DMs constitute an interesting
case of relatively rare and restricted syntactic constructions in the dialects they appear in, and they are likely to exhibit different
rates of entrenchment and network schematicity cross-dialectally. Moreover, the empirical challenges surrounding the measurement of DM usage
invite us to refine the methodological concept of triangulation, by sketching a two-step approach with a data-driven study of new types of
corpora on the one hand, and a hypothesis-driven experimental account of acceptability in relevant geographical locations on the other.