bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kapabilitas Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Sekretariat Jendral DPR RI Menuju Parlemen Modern
Authors: Iskandar Indra 
Published: February 2021

Organisasi Sekretariat Jenderal Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (Setjen DPRRI) memiliki peran penting sebagai sistem pendukung terlaksananya tugas dan fungsi dari DPRRI. Ketidakpercayaan publik terhadap parlemen dan ketidakpahaman publik mengenai sistem politik demokrasi dapat mengakibatkan ketidakstabilan politik. Dengan adanya DPPRI modern, maka diharapkan kepercayaan publik terhadap parlemen akan kembali. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah adalah menganalisis kapabilitas teknologi informasi sekretariat jendral DPRRI dalam mendukung DPRRI yang modern. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi secara langsung, wawancara mendalam kepada pihak terkait, penyebaran kuisioner kepada 82 pegawai setjen DPRRI eselon 1 sampai dengan 3. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Setjen DPRRI selama bulan Desember 2019 sampai dengan Januari 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kapabilitas Teknologi dan Informasi (TIK) setjen DPPRI sudah baik dengan aplikasi-aplikasi yang dibangun untuk kebutuhan pegawai internal, anggota dewan dan masyarakat umum. TIK yang sudah baik ini belum digunakan secara maksimal baik oleh pegawai setjen, anggota DPRRI maupun masyarakat umum dikarenakan sosialisasi yang kurang dan kemampuan penggunanya. Sehingga direkomendasikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan secara masif agar infrastruktur TIK yang sudah ada dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Kapabilitas TIK ini akan menjadikan DPRRI modern yang berarti lebih terbuka, transparan dan bertanggung jawab, mendorong orang untuk lebih terlibat dalam kehidupan publik dengan memberikan informasi yang berkualitas dan akses yang lebih besar ke dokumen dan kegiatan DPRRI atau badan legislatif agar warga negara berpartisipasi dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan maupun perundang-undangan. Kapabilitas TIK ini juga menjadikan pegawai atau setjen menjadi andal sebagai sistem pendukung kegiatan DPRRI dan kepercayaan publik terhadap DPRRI semakin meningkat.

Kata kunci: Kapabilitas; Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi; DPRRI Modern
The Impact of COVID-19 on Preventive Oral Health Care During Wave One
Authors: Meyer Beau D. , Danesh David O. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Early childhood caries burdens children, their families, and the health care system. Utilizing fluoride varnish at medical well-child visits with non-dental primary care providers can be an interprofessional strategy to combat early childhood caries. The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically altered preventive health care delivery and the effects on preventive oral health care delivery have not been previously described.Methods: This analysis used descriptive statistics and non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests to compare preventive oral health utilization among 1 to 5-year old children in two state Medicaid agencies before and during the pandemic. Fluoride utilization rates at dental visits and medical well-child visits were calculated as number of users per 1,000 enrolled children. Additionally, the proportion of well-child visits that included fluoride application was calculated for each state.Results: During the pandemic, the quarterly fluoride utilization rate significantly decreased at dental visits (pre-pandemic = 153.5 per 1,000 enrolled children; pandemic = 36.1 per 1,000 enrolled children, p &lt; 0.001) and signficantly decreased at medical well-child visits (pre-pandemic = 72.2 per 1,000 enrolled children; pandemic = 32.3 per 1,000 enrolled children, p = 0.03) during the pandemic.Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of interprofessional collaboration among non-dental primary care providers and dental providers to provide access to preventive oral health services, particularly when access to dentists is limited. Future directions might include rigorous evaluations of co-located medical and dental services or the use of interprofessional telehealth technologies.
Female Fertility Has a Negative Relationship With Longevity in Chinese Oldest-Old Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhu Qiao , Fu Shihui , Zhang Qian , Tian Jinwen , Zhao Yali , Yao Yao 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDespite research efforts in this field for more than a century, the relationship between female fertility and longevity is unclear. This study was designed to investigate this relationship in Chinese oldest-old population.MethodsThe China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study was performed in 18 cities and counties of Hainan. A total of 1,226 females, including 758 centenarian women and 468 women aged 80–99 years, were enrolled in this study. Using a standardized protocol, in-person interviews and blood analyses were conducted by a well-trained research team through home visits.ResultsCentenarian women had significantly lower number of children (NOC) and higher initial childbearing age (ICA) and last childbearing age (LCA) than women aged 80–99 years (p &lt; 0.05 for all). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NOC and testosterone (T) levels were positively associated with women aged 80–99 years, when centenarian women was considered as reference (p &lt; 0.05 for all). ICA, LCA, and estradiol (E2) levels were negatively associated with women aged 80–99 years, when centenarian women was considered as reference (p &lt; 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe centenarians had crucial characteristics of less and delayed childbearing, indicating a negative relationship between female fertility and longevity in Chinese oldest-old population. Serum E2 levels were positively associated and serum T levels were negatively associated with longevity. The less and late childbearing might be a significant factor of longevity, and successful aging might be promoted by reducing and delaying female childbearing.
A Novel XGBoost Method to Infer the Primary Lesion of 20 Solid Tumor Types From Gene Expression Data
Authors: Chen Sijie , Zhou Wenjing , Tu Jinghui , Li Jian , Wang Bo , Mo Xiaofei , Tian Geng , Lv Kebo , Huang Zhijian 
Published: February 2021

PurposeEstablish a suitable machine learning model to identify its primary lesions for primary metastatic tumors in an integrated learning approach, making it more accurate to improve primary lesions’ diagnostic efficiency.MethodsAfter deleting the features whose expression level is lower than the threshold, we use two methods to perform feature selection and use XGBoost for classification. After the optimal model is selected through 10-fold cross-validation, it is verified on an independent test set.ResultsSelecting features with around 800 genes for training, theR2-score of a 10-fold CV of training data can reach 96.38%, and theR2-score of test data can reach 83.3%.ConclusionThese findings suggest that by combining tumor data with machine learning methods, each cancer has its corresponding classification accuracy, which can be used to predict primary metastatic tumors’ location. The machine-learning-based method can be used as an orthogonal diagnostic method to judge the machine learning model processing and clinical actual pathological conditions.
Comprehensive Analysis of Aerobic Exercise-Related Genes Identifies CDCA4 That Promotes the Progression of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Hao Suyu , Zhu Jun , Zhang Xinyue , Qiu Jingyue , Xuan Qin , Ye Liping 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundExercise has a positive impact on patients with osteosarcoma, improving function, reducing disability, maintaining independence and quality of life. Exercise may also directly affect the effectiveness of cancer treatment. Cell division cycle-associated protein 4 (CDCA4) is reported to function importantly during numerous human cancers development. Nevertheless, the details toward CDCA4 function are still to be investigated.MethodsThis study comprehensively analyzed the GSE74194 database and obtained aerobic exercise-related genes. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and tumor genome atlas (TCGA) data mining were applied to measure aerobic exercise-related gene CDCA4 level in osteosarcoma tissue. We conducted lots of functional experiments to uncover CDCA4 function and its corresponding mechanism in osteosarcoma.ResultsWe screened a total of 547 DEGs related to aerobic exercise, of which 373 were up-regulated and 174 were down-regulated. PPI analysis revealed 90 genes that might play key roles. GO analysis showed that aerobic exercise-related DEGs were significantly enriched during the mitotic cell cycle, cell division, mitotic nuclear division and sister chromatid segregation, nuclear division, microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved protein, microtubule-based process, spindle organization, G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle. Our results indicated that CDCA4 was increased in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and its level had association with high mortality of osteosarcoma patients. Further studies revealed that absence of CDCA4 largely hindered osteosarcoma cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.ConclusionComprehensive bioinformatics analysis improves our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise on osteosarcoma. This provides evidence for the effect of aerobic exercise on CDCA4 expression. Our data suggested that CDCA4 could facilitate osteosarcoma development, and gave a hint that CDCA4 was a candidate target in the treatment of osteosarcoma, aerobic exercise might help the treatment and prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma.
Antibody Responses to Crude Gametocyte Extract Predict Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Carriage in Kenya
Authors: Omondi Brian R. , Muthui Michelle K. , Muasya William I. , Orindi Benedict , Mwakubambanya Ramadhan S. , Bousema Teun , Drakeley Chris , Marsh Kevin , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa C. 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMalaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum remains a serious global public health challenge especially in Africa. Interventions that aim to reduce malaria transmission by targeting the gametocyte reservoir are key to malaria elimination and/or eradication. However, factors that are associated with gametocyte carriage have not been fully explored. Consequently, identifying predictors of the infectious reservoir is fundamental in the elimination campaign.MethodsWe cultured P. falciparum NF54 gametocytes (to stage V) and prepared crude gametocyte extract. Samples from a total of 687 participants (aged 6 months to 67 years) representing two cross-sectional study cohorts in Kilifi, Kenya were used to assess IgG antibody responses by ELISA. We also analyzed IgG antibody responses to the blood-stage antigen AMA1 as a marker of asexual parasite exposure. Gametocytemia and asexual parasitemia data quantified by microscopy and molecular detection (QT-NASBA) were used to determine the relationship with antibody responses, season, age, and transmission setting. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to study the association between antibody responses and gametocyte carriage. The predictive power of the models was tested using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsMultivariable logistic regression analysis showed that IgG antibody response to crude gametocyte extract predicted both microscopic (OR=1.81 95% CI: 1.06–3.07, p=0.028) and molecular (OR=1.91, 95% CI: 1.11–3.29, p=0.019) P. falciparum gametocyte carriage. Antibody responses to AMA1 were also associated with both microscopic (OR=1.61 95% CI: 1.08–2.42, p=0.020) and molecular (OR=3.73 95% CI: 2.03–6.74, p&lt;0.001) gametocytemia. ROC analysis showed that molecular (AUC=0.897, 95% CI: 0.868–0.926) and microscopic (AUC=0.812, 95% CI: 0.758–0.865) multivariable models adjusted for gametocyte extract showed very high predictive power. Molecular (AUC=0.917, 95% CI: 0.891–0.943) and microscopic (AUC=0.806, 95% CI: 0.755–0.858) multivariable models adjusted for AMA1 were equally highly predictive.ConclusionIn our study, it appears that IgG responses to crude gametocyte extract are not an independent predictor of gametocyte carriage after adjusting for AMA1 responses but may predict gametocyte carriage as a proxy marker of exposure to parasites. Serological responses to AMA1 or to gametocyte extract may facilitate identification of individuals within populations who contribute to malaria transmission and support implementation of transmission-blocking interventions.
Pathophysiology of Skin Resident Memory T Cells
Authors: Tokura Yoshiki , Phadungsaksawasdi Pawit , Kurihara Kazuo , Fujiyama Toshiharu , Honda Tetsuya 
Published: February 2021

Tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells reside in peripheral, non-lymphoid tissues such as the skin, where they act as alarm-sensor cells or cytotoxic cells. Physiologically, skin TRMcells persist for a long term and can be reactivated upon reinfection with the same antigen, thus serving as peripheral sentinels in the immune surveillance network. CD8+CD69+CD103+ TRM cells are the well-characterized subtype that develops in the epidermis. The local mediators such as interleukin (IL)-15 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are required for the formation of long-lived TRMcell population in skin. Skin TRM cells engage virus-infected cells, proliferatein situin response to local antigens and do not migrate out of the epidermis. Secondary TRM cell populations are derived from pre-existing TRM cells and newly recruited TRMprecursors from the circulation. In addition to microbial pathogens, topical application of chemical allergen to skin causes delayed-type hypersensitivity and amplifies the number of antigen-specific CD8+ TRM cells at challenged site. Skin TRMcells are also involved in the pathological conditions, including vitiligo, psoriasis, fixed drug eruption and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The functions of these TRMcells seem to be different, depending on each pathology. Psoriasis plaques are seen in a recurrent manner especially at the originally affected sites. Upon stimulation of the skin of psoriasis patients, the CD8+CD103+CD49a-TRMcells in the epidermis seem to be reactivated and initiate IL-17A production. Meanwhile, autoreactive CD8+CD103+CD49a+TRM cells secreting interferon-γ are present in lesional vitiligo skin. Fixed drug eruption is another disease where skin TRMcells evoke its characteristic clinical appearance upon administration of a causative drug. Intraepidermal CD8+TRMcells with an effector-memory phenotype resident in the skin lesions of fixed drug eruption play a major contributing role in the development of localized tissue damage. CTCL develops primarily in the skin by a clonal expansion of a transformed TRMcells. CD8+CTCL with the pagetoid epidermotropic histology is considered to originate from epidermal CD8+TRMcells. This review will discuss the current understanding of skin TRMbiology and their contribution to skin homeostasis and diseases.
Temporal Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal and Nasal Microbiota Structure in Crewmembers Stayed 180 Days in the Controlled Ecological Life Support System
Authors: Chen Yanwu , Xu Chong , Zhong Chongfa , Lyu Zhitang , Liu Junlian , Chen Zhanghuang , Dun Huanhuan , Xin Bingmu , Xie Qiong 
Published: February 2021

Confined experiments are carried out to simulate the closed environment of space capsule on the ground. The Chinese Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) is designed including a closed-loop system supporting 4 healthy volunteers surviving for 180 days, and we aim to reveal the temporal characteristics of the oropharyngeal and nasal microbiota structure in crewmembers stayed 180 days in the CELSS, so as to accumulate the information about microbiota balance associated with respiratory health for estimating health risk in future spaceflight. We investigated the distribution of microorganisms and their dynamic characteristics in the nasal cavity and oropharynx of occupants with prolonged confinement. Based on the 16S rDNA v3–v4 regions using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the oropharyngeal and nasal microbiota were monitored at eight time points during confinement. There were significant differences between oropharyngeal and nasal microbiota, and there were also individual differences among the same site of different volunteers. Analysis on the structure of the microbiota showed that, in the phylum taxon, the nasal bacteria mainly belonged to Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, etc. In addition to the above phyla, in oropharyngeal bacteria Fusobacterial accounted for a relatively high proportion. In the genus taxon, the nasal and oropharyngeal bacteria were independent. Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were dominant in nasal cavity, and Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, and Neisseria were dominant in oropharynx. With the extension of the confinement time, the abundance of Staphylococcus in the nasal cavity and Neisseria in the oropharynx increased, and the index Chao fluctuated greatly from 30 to 90 days after the volunteers entered the CELSS.Conclusion: The structure and diversity of the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiota changed in the CELSS, and there was the phenomenon of migration between occupants, suggesting that the microbiota structure and health of the respiratory tract could be affected by living in a closed environment for a long time.
Neuroimaging Patterns and Function in Cerebral Palsy—Application of an MRI Classification
Authors: Himmelmann Kate , Horber Veronka , Sellier Elodie , De la Cruz Javier , Papavasiliou Antigone , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg ,   The Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) Collaboration
Published: February 2021

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of movement and posture and every child with CP has a unique composition of neurological symptoms, motor severity, and associated impairments, constituting the functional profile. Although not part of the CP definition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sheds light on the localization, nature, and severity of brain compromise. The MRI classification system (MRICS), developed by the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE), describes typical MRI patterns associated with specific timing of vulnerability in different areas of the brain. The classification has proven to be reliable and easy to use.Aims: The aim of this study is to apply the MRICS on a large dataset and describe the functional profile associated with the different MRI patterns of the MRICS.Materials and Methods: Data on children with CP born in 1999–2009 with a post-neonatal MRI from 20 European registers in the JRC-SCPE Central Registry was included. The CP classification and the MRICS was applied, and The Gross Motor Function Classification (GMFCS) and the Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF) classification were used. The following associated impairments were documented: intellectual impairment, active epilepsy, visual impairment, and hearing impairment. An impairment index was used to characterize severity of impairment load.Results: The study included 3,818 children with post-neonatal MRI. Distribution of CP type, motor, and associated impairments differed by neuroimaging patterns. Functional profiles associated with neuroimaging patterns were described, and the impairment index showed that bilateral findings were associated with a more severe outcome both regarding motor impairment and associated impairments than unilateral compromise. The results from this study, particularly the differences in functional severity regarding uni- and bilateral brain compromise, may support counseling and service planning of support of children with CP.
An Artificial Intelligence-Based Full-Process Solution for Radiotherapy: A Proof of Concept Study on Rectal Cancer
Authors: Xia Xiang , Wang Jiazhou , Li Yujiao , Peng Jiayuan , Fan Jiawei , Zhang Jing , Wan Juefeng , Fang Yingtao , Zhang Zhen , Hu Weigang 
Published: February 2021

Background and PurposeTo develop an artificial intelligence-based full-process solution for rectal cancer radiotherapy.Materials and MethodsA full-process solution that integrates autosegmentation and automatic treatment planning was developed under a single deep-learning framework. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to generate segmentations of the target and the organs at risk (OAR) as well as dose distribution. A script in Pinnacle that simulates the treatment planning process was used to execute plan optimization. A total of 172 rectal cancer patients were used for model training, and 18 patients were used for model validation. Another 40 rectal cancer patients were used for an end-to-end evaluation for both autosegmentation and treatment planning. The PTV and OAR segmentation was compared with manual segmentation. The planning results was evaluated by both objective and subjective assessment.ResultsThe total time for full-process planning without contour modification was 7 min, and an additional 15 min may require for contour modification and re-optimization. The PTV DICE similarity coefficient was greater than 0.85 for all 40 patients in the evaluation dataset while the DICE indices of the OARs also indicated good performance. There were no significant differences between the auto plans and manual plans. The physician accepted 80% of the auto plans without any further operation.ConclusionWe developed a deep learning-based automatic solution for rectal cancer treatment that can improve the efficiency of treatment planning.
Genetically Predicted C-Reactive Protein Associated With Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: Interrelation With Estrogen and Cancer Molecular Subtypes Using Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Jung Su Yon , Papp Jeanette C. , Sobel Eric M. , Pellegrini Matteo , Yu Herbert , Zhang Zuo-Feng 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundImmune-related etiologic pathways that influence breast cancer risk are incompletely understood and may be confounded by lifestyles or reverse causality. Using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we investigated the potential causal relationship between genetically elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and primary invasive breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.MethodsWe used individual-level data obtained from 10,179 women, including 537 who developed breast cancer, from the Women’s Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes Study, which consists of five genome-wide association (GWA) studies. We examined 61 GWA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with CRP. We employed weighted/penalized weighted–medians and MR gene–environment interactions that allow instruments’ invalidity to some extent and attenuate the heterogeneous estimates of outlying SNPs.ResultsIn lifestyle-stratification analyses, genetically elevated CRP decreased risk for breast cancer in exogenous estrogen-only, estrogen + progestin, and past oral contraceptive (OC) users, but only among relatively short-term users (&lt;5 years). Estrogen-only users for ≥5 years had more profound CRP-decreased breast cancer risk in dose–response fashion, whereas past OC users for ≥5 years had CRP-increased cancer risk. Also, genetically predicted CRP was strongly associated with increased risk for hormone-receptor positive or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative breast cancer.ConclusionsOur findings may provide novel evidence on the immune-related molecular pathways linking to breast cancer risk and suggest potential clinical use of CRP to predict the specific cancer subtypes. Our findings suggest potential interventions targeting CRP–inflammatory markers to reduce breast cancer risk.