bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medieval Legal Realism
Authors: Casanovas Pompeu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis is a Research Note about the ongoing Project on the semantics of pactism (pactisme) in Catalan ancient law. Pactism is the name of the legal doctrine that grounds the validity of legal provisions upon a pact-based model. It was developed as a basis for Catalan Public law in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. We present it as a medieval realism. Looking at the concomitances of 20th century legal realism and the doctrine of pactism can shed light on the emergence of early states and the construction of legal doctrines stemming from the reception of Roman law, the wide use of ius commune, and the development of case-based law and Scholastic reasoning methods. The semantics of pact-modelling processes and outcomes has yet to be established. Thus, it is also contended that Digital Humanities can offer some technological solutions to unravel underlying linguistic, cognitive and ontological patterns to understand the political culture that came out of it and developed until the 18th c. in Catalonia.
Monitoring electric impedance during freezing and thawing of saline and de-ionized water
Authors: Abie Sisay Mebre , Münch Daniel , Bergli Joakim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water were frozen in a laboratory chest freezer and impedance was monitored throughout freezing and thawing. The resistive and reactive components of electrical impedance were measured for these samples during freezing and thawing (heating) within a temperature range between 20 °C and −48 °C. The impedance of saline solution and de-ionized water increases sharply at the freezing point, similar to what is known for, e.g., complex tissues, including meat. Yet, only the saline solution impedance shows another sharp increment at a temperature between −30 and −20 °C. Changes of the electric properties after solidification suggest that the latter is linked to transformations of the ice lattice structure. We conclude that the electrical properties might serve as sensitive indicators of these phase changes.
Impact Assessment on the Economic and Financial Indicators of the Implementation of Lean Management Model
Authors: Romana Fernando Acabado 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective: Understand how the increased competitiveness encourages industries to seek solutions in order to maintain or increase their market share, promoting the manufacturing of quality products at reduced costs.

Methodology: In this study, an in-company analysis regarding the Lean performance evaluation methods present in the literature as well as already implemented in the industry was performed, focusing on the gaps of present models and needs for future.

Findings: New philosophies arise such as the Lean Manufacturing, which is based on continuous improvement, aiming at optimizing the production system, eliminating waste and using fewer resources.

Value Added: Based on the results, and with the objective of allowing comprehensive assessment of Lean performance independently by the companies, and the determination of improvement actions, a Lean performance evaluation method was developed in order to understand the impact in financial and economic figures of the case study.

Recommendations: Take into account the main concepts of the social sciences, such as Organizational Culture, Leadership Style and Strategic Approach, considering the link with the financial economic performance.
Recent Dimensions of Regional Migration
Authors: Bălan Mariana , Bilan Svitlana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this article is to make an analysis of the size and structure of migratory flows at regional and sub-regional level.

Methodology: Descriptive statistical analysis was mainly used to visualize and synthesize information about the evolution of the structure and size of migratory flows in major regions of the world.

Findings: The importance of contemporary migration is related not only to the number of migrants, but also to the fact that the migratory phenomenon has become global and takes on more and more diverse forms. People travel for various periods of time, but shorter. They adopt a pattern of circulatory migration, continue to maintain strong connections with where they left from or practice unregulated migration. Migration has become a defining feature of the modern global economy, and the main factors underlying its expansion are the processes of globalization, technical progress, the new economic order, etc. In 2019, the number of l migrants at world level reached 271.6 million, well above the values forecast by international bodies in recent years. In the last three decades, more developed regions have received 69 million international migrants, while less developed regions have received only 50 million. The highest migratory flows were recorded in high-income countries (98 million persons), and middle and low-income countries added only about 20 million persons to migrants’ stock (17 million and 3 million, respectively).

Value Added: The paper presents an analysis of the size and structure of migratory flows at the regional level, providing a more detailed picture of migration, and presenting a different but complementary perspective of migrants and movements from different parts of the world. A comparative analysis of migrant flows at regional level and on large migration corridors is performed, but also of the structure by age groups and gender of regional migrants.

Recommendations: The analysis of data on regional migration shows significant differences in migration patterns between regions. Greater recognition of regional migration patterns, variations and complexities can help shape strategic and sustainable responses of the migration policies. It is also necessary to pay attention to the regional dimensions and variations of international migration that may have critical implications for debates and regulations, especially (but not only) globally.
Risk in Carsharing – Identification and Assessment
Authors: Hanusik Andrzej 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is identification of risks in carsharing and their latter assessment in terms of probability of occurrence, impact on customer relationships, importance of a given category and cost they generate. A way of aggregating various categories of risks into one synthetic indicator in order to prioritize them was proposed. Methodology of the process was based on a methodological triangulation which is based on the following studies – analysis and criticism of literature which helps to place discussed research problem on theoretical basis, qualitative research and observations allowing to identify individual categories of risks and quantitative research enabling the description of given categories of risks by appropriate variables on which further risk modelling is performed. Such research may be a basis to subsequent analysis and be an impulse to an academic debate. Also it may contribute to creation of further studies dealing with the problem of assessment of the risk in concepts related to sharing economy.
Reliability and Operational Analysis of an Electronic Security System Taking into Account the Impact of Strong Electromagnetic Pulses
Authors: Paś Jacek , Rosiński Adam , Szulim Marek , Łukasiak Jarosław 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this article, the authors presented a short historical overview of the visual monitoring systems’ development. Attention was also drawn to the features distinguishing the solutions within this group from other electronic systems. Further, the authors conducted a reliability analysis of selected, sample segments of a CCTV system, at the same out highlighting that such a system – considered globally – is distinguished by a mixed reliability structure. The authors suggested a reliability and operational model for a video surveillance system, which takes into account the impact of strong electromagnetic pulses on a fragment of its transmission channel and the mechanical properties of transmission media.
Possibilities of Using the Type Bypass Air Bleed in a Single-Flow Jet Engine
Authors: Kowalski Mirosław , Sarnecki Jarosław , Stężycki Paweł , Ćwik Dariusz 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper outlines the analysis dedicated to possibilities of using the type Bypass air bleed in a single-flow jet engine. Attention is focused on development of formulas for key operational parameters of the engine, such as overall work of the thermal cycle, unit thrust and unit consumption of fuel. Simulation and modelling a single-flow jet engine were carried out for the K-15 engine of a Polish make where an air bleeding of that kind is applied. It was confirmed that such engines offer some slight benefits, in particular in terms of cost-efficiency, and such benefits increase in pace with growth of the mass air flow intensity through the bypass channel.
Assessment of Changes in Microstructure and Hardness of Bearing Steel for Operation at a High Temperature Caused by Short-Term Overheating
Authors: Łęczycki Krzysztof , Gronek Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presented research results of the impact of short-term overheating of samples collected from the outer bearing ring suitable for the operation at elevated temperature installed in the turbine engine on the microstructure and hardness of the material. The samples were annealed at the following temperatures: 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000°C; and then cooled in still air. Microstructure examinations were conducted under metallographic microscope and transmission electron microscope.
Evaluation of the Impact of Glycol Antifreeze on the Surfaces of Typical Construction Materials of Heat Exchangers
Authors: Turlej Anna , Skolniak Marta , Giemza Bolesław 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Glycol-based antifreeze liquids are used in two main areas: ICECS and HVAC. The standard research methods and requirements were developed to control the quality of fluids for the internal combustion engine cooling systems. Irrespective of the intended use, fluid tests are conducted with the same methods. This manuscript aims to study two types of antifreeze with standard methods. Then, the analysis was deepened to include microscopic techniques to identify the potential pitting corrosion centres on the surface of the selected metals. It was demonstrated that the application of microscopic techniques could significantly increase the chance to detect potential corrosion centres.
Risk Assessment for the Selected Surface Water Intake
Authors: Szpak Dawid , Rak Janusz R. , Boryczko Krzysztof , Piegdoń Izabela , Żywiec Jakub 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the work is to analyze the risk for surface water intake, taking into account factors affecting the water quality. A three-parameter risk definition was proposed. It was found that the analyzed water intake has an efficient system that protects consumers against drinking water of inadequate quality (multibarier system). The task of the water supply company is to maintain its security measures (including a caution and warning station, biomonitoring) in a state of efficiency.
Issues of Railway Traffic Control Devices Availability in the Exploitation Process
Authors: Drózd Paweł , Rosiński Adam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article focuses exclusively on the issues of railway traffic control devices availability in traffic management. One of the factors affecting this availability are tests conducted during maintenance or repair works. A review of the literature in the field of test determination methods was conducted. Next, the railway traffic control system was described and the elements influencing availability were defined. Assumptions and an algorithm of the procedure were presented and the method of determining the tests was proposed.
Corrosion Monitoring of Aircraft Based on the Corrosion Prognostic Health Management (CPHM) System
Authors: Ciężak Patryk , Rdzanek Adam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents methods to monitor the actual state of aircraft’s airframe, in particular, the onset of corrosion. The greatest emphasis is put on the “Corrosion Prognostic Health Management” CPHM system. Authors discuss corrosion detection using NDT methods as well as the possibilities of forecasting methods for estimating the onset of corrosion basing on the data gathered by means corrosion sensors. Based on the results of the previous research and analyses, authors focus on monitoring the internal microclimate and the factors causing corrosion in the aspect of damage tolerance operation of the aircraft. The results of the preliminary studies giving credibility to the concepts of predicting corrosion onset in the aircraft structure are presented. Preliminary results of tests carried out in supervised flights are also presented. The final part of the article presents the concept of modernizing the corrosion field site in order to use it in hermetic and non-hermetic tests of aircraft spaces.
Optimization of the Regulated Maintenance Periodicity on Military Equipment Products Operated According to their Technical Condition
Authors: Mirnenko Volodymyr , Dyptan Valentyn , Pustovyi Serhii , Radko Oleg , Yablonskyi Petro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the optimization problem of the regulated maintenance periodicity for military products operated according to their technical condition. The analytical method of optimization for the exponential law of the time distribution between failures and the numerical optimization method for the diffusion-monotonic law are taken into consideration. The search for the extreme value of the regulated maintenance periodicity for the diffusion-monotonic distribution law was conducted with the use of the numerical method applying Mathcad 15.0. The dependencies of both the technical utilization factor and its derivative on the regulated maintenance periodicity at certain values of the model parameters were obtained.
Cyber security as a foundation for the security of critical infrastructure in the context of modern threats
Authors: Dygnatowski Sławomir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article’s goal is to outline the most characteristic features of the problem of the growing role and predominance of cybersecurity as a key element in the functioning of critical infrastructure and the possibilities of the best solutions. Due to the fact that from all systems of critical infrastructure, the most important for the proper functioning of the economy and society is the system of energy and fuel supply. The article will analyze past, present and future threats and evolution of tools to combat them. Particular emphasis will be placed on the characteristics of these threats, especially cyberattacks, as well as the most effective ways of counter-actions. The article might be an element of the debate on the critical impact of cyberattacks on critical infrastructure, which has a direct impact on national security.
Legal basis of cybersecurity on the background of polish and UE legislation
Authors: Dygnatowski Sławomir , Dygnatowski Włodzimierz 
Published: January 2021

Summary
The last decades have brought about the rapid development of information technology, which was reflected in all areas of social life and economic. Unfortunately, the ongoing digitization and the presence of individuals, private entities as well as countries in the network makes them exposed to new types of threats that have never been seen before. The perpetrators of these threats may be individuals, organized criminal groups or foreign country interviews. Threats and vectors of attacks has many forms, and their evolution continues all along with the progressive development of broadly understood cyberspace. In order to be able to effectively fight with the increasing threats in cyberspace, not only technical and organizational measures are needed, but also the formal and legal framework to combat cyber-attacks. In this article, the authors discuss the legal comparison of the basics of cyber security against the Polish background and EU legislation.
Development of early literacy skills: A Comparison of two early literacy programmes
Authors: Petrová Zuzana , Zápotočná Oľga , Urban Kamila , Urban Marek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to monitor the effectiveness of a new conception of early literacy curriculum (in force since September 2016) which provides – unlike the previous one – a wide range of purposeful literacy practices and literacy events. The study compares graduates of previous early childhood literacy curriculum (tested in June 2016) with children who attended kindergarten in the years 2016-2019. Several indications of early literacy development were selected especially those that are culturally more sensitive, i.e. are significantly shaped by the social environment offering the broad spectrum of reading experiences. Results show statistically significant relationship of story listening comprehension with comprehension monitoring and narrative production, especially at the level of understanding the implicit meaning. The most profound group differences were found again in narratives and implicit meaning comprehension. On the other hand, no differences were found in indicators of phonemic awareness, comprehension monitoring and understanding the explicit meaning. The results are discussed in terms of their implications to educational practice.
On the current problems of education for democracy
Authors: Strouhal Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of the text is to formulate certain problems and dangers in relation to education for democratic citizenship. The core of these considerations points to the problem of neglecting the fundamental motive of the problem of democracy, which is the relation to truth. The text defines four problem areas that cause reductive understanding of education for democracy, namely: 1. Our understanding of democracy has been reduced to securing the distribution of power in a state and defence of freedom of speech which eliminates the contradictions in the concept of democracy and leaves only its legal-political aspects. 2. The key condition of democracy, which is respect for human rights, has become complicated by the constant proliferation of human rights, oftentimes with individual needs being confused with human rights. 3. We have resigned upon addressing the important issue of balance between equality and outstandingness resulting in consequences for culture as well as education, i. e. loss of identity and absence of footing to base it on. 4. Democracy is closely linked to the ability to think and make decisions according to truth and not on the basis of immediate interests as democracy primarily has to do with an ideal that we look up to.
The text also tries to show that education for democracy cannot be satisfactorily ensured by development of partial competences for co-operation and diversity acknowledgement since democracy does not only consist in system and rules but ideas and relation to Truth in the first place.
Formulas for calculating ice cover thickness on selected spring lakes on the upper Radunia (Kashubian Lakeland, northern Poland)
Authors: Barańczu Katarzyna , Barańczuk Jacek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This publication is to confirm the existence of a correlation between lakes under hydrometric supervision and unmonitored lakes using formulas for calculating thickness of ice cover observed on lakes located within the same physico-geographical unit. The article presented herein covers lakes located on the upper Radunia River in the central part of the Kashubian Lakeland. Lake Raduńskie Górne has been under constant hydrometric supervision of the Limnological Station of Gdańsk University for over 60 years. The study covers three spring lakes: Stężyckie, Bukrzyno Małe and Lubowisko. The cover thickness was measured during the period of 2003-2006 and in 2016. Analysing the measurement data gathered during field research and the data obtained from the station allowed formulas for calculating ice cover thickness to be established. The formulas were tested in 2016 with the use of the fieldwork data. The result confirmed that the formulas can be used to calculate thickness of ice cover with considerable accuracy.
Evolution of primary production and its drivers on the Lebanese coast between 1986 and 2013
Authors: Fadel Ali , Salameh Lama , Kanj Malak , Kobaissi Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Physical-biogeochemical models help us to understand the dynamics and the controlling factors of primary production. In this study, the outputs of a validated hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model were used to elucidate the primary production dynamics between 1992 and 2012 for three studied sites on the Lebanese coast: Naqoura, Beirut, and Tripoli. The results showed that primary production presents a homogeneous spatial distribution along the Lebanese coastline. The phytoplankton community has a low optimal temperature. The thermocline develops in March, with maximum stratification in August and fades in October. Chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and salinity were positively correlated throughout the water column. A significant increasing trend of sea surface temperature was found on the Lebanese coast over 27 years, between 1986 and 2013. Annual averages increased from 22°C in 1986 to 23.1°C in 2013 with the highest recorded average temperature of 23.7 °C in 2010.
Fifty years of limnology (1969-2019) at Mahoney Lake, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Heinrichs Markus L. , Walker Ian R. , Hall Ken J. , Overmann Jörg , O’Beirne Molly D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mahoney Lake is a small, meromictic saline lake in south-central British Columbia noted for its unique layer of purple sulfur bacteria. First examined in 1969, this lake has undergone physical, chemical, biological, and pre-historical research to generate an understanding of how the lake and its biota function have developed through time. Advances in understanding the sulfur transformations and bacterial nutrient cycling over the last fifty years have been prolific, resulting in the description of several new taxa. Mahoney Lake is exceptional in its limnological characteristics and is an ideal site for training future limnologists.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Dental Rehabilitation of a Patient with Clouston Syndrome and Congenital Edentulism (Issues of Theory and Clinical Practice)
Authors: Galonsky V.G. , Tarasova N.V. , Chernov V.N. , Makarchuk M.Yu. , Gradoboev A.V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents results of a concise analysis of domestic and foreign literature addressing the problem of determining of distinctive diagnostic features in patients with Clouston syndrome as an orphan disease rarely encountered in clinical practice of dentistry. A clinical case of effective orthopaedic rehabilitation of a 10-years-old patient with Clouston syndrome and congenital edentulism using minimally invasive orthopaedic dentistry measures: removable dentures application using shape memory materials is presented. Technological peculiarities and advantages of the chosen approach to treatment are described. Photographic documents of orthopaedic dental treatment results including long-term results within the follow-up period of 10 years are presented providing strong evidence of effective aesthetic, functional and social rehabilitation of the patient. Detailed analytical conclusion is drawn according to the study results.
Analysis of the Educational Process with Application of Distance Learning Technology in Speciality 33.05.01 Pharmacy
Authors: Kharitonova E.V. , Lopatina O.L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the context of new coronavirus COVID-2019 infection spread, many students in numerous higher education institutions have undergone the transition to education applying distance learning technology while medical students undergo partially remote education. It is worth noting that in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote education is the best prevention measure for decrease in incidence of the new coronavirus infection among students.