bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception and control: individual difference in the sense of agency is associated with learnability in sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Wen Wen , Ishii Hikaru , Ohata Ryu , Yamashita Atsushi , Asama Hajime , Imamizu Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdaptive motor learning refers to the ability to adjust to novel disturbances in the environment as a way of minimizing sensorimotor errors. It is known that such processes show large individual differences and are linked to multiple perceptual and cognitive processes. On the other hand, the sense of agency refers to the subjective feeling of control during voluntary motor control. Is the sense of agency just a by-product of the control outcome, or is it actually important for motor control and learning? To answer this question, this study takes an approach based on individual differences to investigate the relationship between the sense of agency and learnability in sensorimotor adaptation. Specifically, we use an adaptive motor learning task to measure individual differences in the efficiency of motor learning. Regarding the sense of agency, we measure the perceptual sensitivity of detecting an increase or a decrease in control when the actual level of control gradually increases or decreases, respectively. The results of structure equation modelling reveal a significant influence of perceptual sensitivity to increased control on motor learning efficiency. On the other hand, the link between perceptual sensitivity to decreased control and motor learning is nonsignificant. The results show that the sense of agency in detecting increased control is associated with the actual ability of sensorimotor adaptation: people who are more sensitive in detecting their control in the environment can also more quickly adjust their behaviors to novel disturbances to acquire better control, compared to people who have a less sensitive sense of agency. Finally, the results also reveal that the processes of increasing control and decreasing control may be partially independent.
Treatment of adult metachromatic leukodystrophy model mice using intrathecal administration of type 9 AAV vector encoding arylsulfatase A
Authors: Miyake Noriko , Miyake Koichi , Sakai Atsushi , Yamamoto Motoko , Suzuki Hidenori , Shimada Takashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by an arylsulfatase A (ARSA) deficiency and characterized by severe neurological symptoms resulting from demyelination within the central and peripheral nervous systems. We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of intrathecal administration of a type 9 adeno-associated viral vector encoding ARSA (AAV9/ARSA) for the treatment of 6-week-old MLD model mice, which are presymptomatic, and 1-year-old mice, which exhibit neurological abnormalities. Immunohistochemical analysis following AAV9/ARSA administration showed ARSA expression within the brain, with highest activities in the cerebellum and olfactory bulbs. In mice treated at 1 year, alcian blue staining and quantitative analysis revealed significant decreases in stored sulfatide. Behaviorally, mice treated at 1 year showed no improvement in their ability to traverse narrow balance beams as compared to untreated mice. By contrast, MLD mice treated at 6 weeks showed significant decreases in stored sulfatide throughout the entire brain and improved ability to traverse narrow balance beams. These findings suggest intrathecal administration of an AAV9/ARSA vector is a promising approach to treating genetic diseases of the central nervous system, including MLD, though it may be essential to begin therapy before the onset of neurological symptoms.
Conjugated amidine ligands enhance the performance of perovskite nanocrystal blue light-emitting diodes prepared in air with green solvents
Authors: Li Teng , Zhang Huijun , Yu Cong , Wang Pang , Wang Hui , Zhang Xiaoshuai , Sun Yuandong , Liu Dan , Wang Tao 
Published: October 2021

π-Conjugated benzamidine hydrochloride is introduced into CsPbBrxCl3−x NCs to reduce Cs+ and halide vacancies and suppress nonradiative recombination, leading to spectrally stable blue PeLEDs with reduced turn-on voltage, enhanced EQE and luminance.
The polarisation of the drifting sub-pulses from PSR B1919+21
Authors: Primak N. , Tiburzi C. , van Straten W. , Dyks J. , Gulyaev S. 
Published: October 2021

Aims. We aim to expand our understanding of radio wave emission and propagation in the pulsar magnetosphere by studying the polarisation of drifting sub-pulses in highly sensitive observations of PSR B1919+21 recorded at the Arecibo Observatory.
Methods. We apply and compare several methods of analysis and visualisation, including eigenvalue analysis of the longitude-resolved covariances between the Stokes parameters; longitude-resolved scatter plots of the normalised Stokes vectors in the Poincaré sphere; auto- and cross-correlations between the Stokes parameters as a function of offset in pulse longitude and lag in pulse number; and mean drift bands of polarisation state, formed by averaging the Stokes parameters and quantities derived from them synchronously with the drifting sub-pulse modulation period.
Results. We observe regions of pulse longitude where the superposition of orthogonally polarised modes is best described as incoherent and regions where the superposition appears to be at least partially coherent. Within the region of coherent superposition, over a range of pulse longitudes spanning ∼2°, the distribution of the Stokes polarisation vectors forms a torus centered near the origin of the Poincaré sphere. Furthermore, the polarisation vectors rotate about the axis of revolution of the torus synchronously with the drifting sub-pulse modulation of the total intensity.
Conclusions. The nearly uniform circular modulation of polarisation state, clearly evident in both the toroidal distribution of the Stokes polarisation vectors and the mean drift bands of the Stokes parameters, is not predicted by current theoretical models of pulsar emission. We propose different scenarios to explain the generation of the torus, based on either incoherent or phase-coherent superposition of orthogonally polarised modes.
Trade-off between urgency and reduced editorial capacity affect publication speed in ecological and medical journals during 2020
Authors: Forti Lucas Rodriguez , Solino Luiz A. , Szabo Judit K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile the speed of publication in academic journals has decreased over time, delays in the review process can still cause frustration and damage the authors’ career. During the COVID-19 lockdown, scientists struggled to manage tasks and academic journals announced possible publication delays due to reduced editorial capacity. In this context, COVID-19 research has been somewhat paradoxical, due to societal and editorial pressures for fast publication. We hypothesised that given the urgency of disseminating pandemic-related information, articles on the topic would be published as a priority in 2020. We analysed the submission-to-publication time lag for 5790 articles published between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020 in eight ecology and eight medical journals. We also analysed patterns in the gender of first and last authors. All 16 journals were international, with relatively high impact factor (between 2.34 and 36.13) and partially or fully open access. Even though articles in general took longer to get published, the speed of publication increased in 2020, as the faster review of 419 COVID-19 articles compensated for the longer submission-to-publication time lag of non-COVID-19 publications. Manuscripts in journals with a higher impact factor and only partial open access took longer to get published during the last three years. In 2020, the ratio of articles with male and female first and last authors remained similar to that in 2019, maintaining the gender bias in scientific productivity. Female scientists, especially when they are providing maternity and other primary care, need more support for their careers, such as relief from teaching duties and adjustments on assessment criteria to access research funding. We advocate that topics besides COVID-19, particularly those that could help to solve other urgent crises, should also benefit from faster publication.
Prosody and ideology
Authors: Lukin Annabelle , Rivas Lucía Inés 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The focus of this paper is on the role choices in phonological systems (Brazil
1997; Halliday & Greaves 2008) play in the ideological work of a text.
Using an instance of news reporting of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, we show how prosodic choices – both those shared with other
texts in this register, and those specific to this instance – contribute to the ideological force of the text. The ideological
effects of prosodic choices in this text, we argue, include projecting a very particular interpretation of the invasion as if
distant and objective, and giving prominence to claims that the invasion was measured and targeted, and by implication in
accordance with international law.
Alignment, persuasiveness and the putative reader in opinion writing
Authors: White Peter R. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper explores a new line of analysis for comparing opinion writing by reference to differences in the relationships being indicated between author and addressee. It draws on recent work within the appraisal framework literature to offer proposals for linguistics-based analyses of what has variously been termed the ‘intended’, ‘imagined’, ‘ideal’, ‘virtual’, ‘model’, ‘implied’ and ‘putative’ reader (the ‘reader written into the text’). A discussion is provided of those means by which beliefs, attitudes and expectations are projected onto this ‘reader in the text’, formulations which signal anticipations that the reader either shares the attitude or belief currently being advanced by the author, potentially finds it novel or otherwise problematic, or may reject it outright. The discussion is conducted with respect to written, persuasive texts, and specifically with respect to news journalism’s commentary pieces. It is proposed that such texts can usefully be characterised and compared by reference to tendencies in such ‘construals’ or ‘positionings’ of the putative reader – tendencies in terms of whether the signalled anticipation is of the reader being aligned or, conversely, potentially unaligned or dis-aligned with the author. The terms ‘flag waving’ and ‘advocacy’ are proposed as characterisations which can be applied to texts, with ‘flag waving’ applicable to texts which construe the reader as largely sharing the author’s beliefs and attitudes, while ‘advocacy’ is applicable to texts where the reader is construed as actually or potentially not sharing the author’s beliefs and attitudes and thereby needing to be won over. This line of analysis is demonstrated through a comparison of two journalistic opinion pieces written in response to visits by Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo, one published in the English-language version of the mainland China newspaper,China Dailyand one in the English-language version of the JapaneseAsahi Shimbun. It is shown that one piece can usefully be characterised as oriented towards ‘flag waving’ and the other towards ‘advocacy’.
Model-independent Veltman condition, naturalness and the little hierarchy problem *
Authors: Abu-Ajamieh Fayez 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We adopt a bottom-up Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach to derive a model-independent Veltman condition to cancel out the quadratic divergences in the Higgs mass. We show using the equivalence theorem that all the deviations in the Higgs couplings to the

and

from the SM predictions should vanish. We argue based on tree-level unitarity that any new physics that naturally cancels out the quadratic divergences should be

TeV. We show that the level of fine-tuning required is

unless the UV sector has a symmetry that forces the satisfaction of the model-independent Veltman condition, in which case all fine-tuning is eliminated. We also conjecture that, if no new physics that couples to the Higgs is observed up to

TeV, or if the Higgs couplings to the SM particles conform to the SM predictions, then the Higgs either does not couple to any UV sector or is fine-tuned.
Reverse engineering of a wool fibre to mimic the structural hierarchy of a gecko’s foot
Authors: Caven Barnaby , Brook Dave , Taylor Mark , Connell Simon , Brown Andy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The adhesion generated by a gecko’s foot is realised by a structural hierarchy that is also present inside the cortex of a wool fibre. Both structures are based on the same fibril building blocks that belong to the α-keratin family. We show here that this hierarchical structure can be released from a Merino wool fibre with a combination of formic acid refluxing with agitation and trypsin digestion with ultrasonication. Thus, the cuticle scales are shown to be removed from wool yarns by mass-loss, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM followed by the breakdown of the cortex to release macrofibrils at the surface of the remaining yarn. SEM and AFM evidence are presented for the exposure of macrofibrils at the surface of cross-sections of descaled, fibrillated wool fibres. Adhesion measurements in the AFM show that regions of the treated wool have high adhesion, up to 58 nN, consistent with exposure of nanoscale macrofibrils. This exposure is not however homogeneous across the entirety of the cross-sectioned surface of a yarn and further digestion is required to optimise the depth profile of the exposure for direct comparison with the macroscale compliance and adhesion of a gecko’s foot. Nonetheless, the current work has developed an experimental route to reserve engineer wool back to sub-unit macrofibrils, in order to replicate the format and to some extent the adhesive properties of a gecko’s hierarchal foot structure.
First principles study of the 2D Mo(S1-XTeX)2 TMD alloy adsorbed on an Al-terminated sapphire (0001)-substrate
Authors: Burton B P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A first principles study, was performed for a 2D, three atom thick monolayer of the Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) alloy Mo(S1-XTeX)2 adsorbed on an Al-terminated (0001)-sapphire surface. Bulk composition dependent binding energies and band-gaps, and a partial phase diagram, were calculated, using the cluster expansion method. Although the 3D Mo(S1-XTeX)2 alloy system has a phase diagram that is dominated by S-rich/Te-rich phase separation, the 2D system adsorbed on sapphire is dominated by S:Te-ordering. Five ground-state phases are predicted; all have P1 symmetry, and all disorder via contiuous (2’nd order) transitions. These results indicate that synthesis on the sapphire substrate is favorable for band-gap engineering, in which a continuous single phase solid solution allows continuous band-gap tuning, as a function of bulk composition. Whereas, bulk TMD-synthesis followed by exfoliation favors the formation of two-phase mixtures.
Effects of oxidizer structure on thermal and combustion behavior of Fe2O3/Zr thermite
Authors: Li Chunhong , Kang Xiaoli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Performance of MOF-derived micrometer porous Fe2O3 as the oxidizer in Zr-fuelled thermite is compared with commercial nano-sized Fe2O3 by characterizing thermal and combustion behavior of Fe2O3/Zr mixture via differential scanning calorimetry, optical emission measurement as well as composition and morphology analysis on condensed combustion products. Results show that thermal behaviors of Fe2O3/Zr with a slow heating rate have little difference regardless of the kind of Fe2O3. However, MOF-derived micrometer porous Fe2O3 show an obvious superiority in enhancing combustion of Fe2O3/Zr heated by a high rate. Combustion reactions of Fe2O3/Zr under high heating rates are probably rate-controlled by condensed reaction. The better performance of MOF-derived Fe2O3 is attributed to its larger contact area with Zr particle in that micrometer porous Fe2O3 particles are easily broken into primitive nano-sized particles, which effectively avoid the agglomeration of oxidizer. The MOF-derived Fe2O3 particles obtained at calcination temperature of 550 °C enable the best combustion performance of Fe2O3/Zr thermite. This should be because the crystallinity and porous structure of 550 °C-Fe2O3 are more favorable for the mass transfer process during high-rate combustion.
A synergistic combination of structural and pigmentary colour produces non-spectral colour in the purple-breasted cotinga,Cotinga cotinga(Passeriformes: Cotingidae)
Authors: Justyn Nicholas M , Nallapaneni Asritha , Parnell Andrew J , Karim Alamgir , Shawkey Matthew D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost studies of animal coloration focus on spectral colours, which are colours evoked by single peaks within the wavelengths of visible light. It is poorly understood how non-spectral colours (those produced by a combination of reflectance peaks) are produced, despite their potential significance to both animal communication and biomimicry. Moreover, although both pigmentary and structural colour production mechanisms have been well characterized in feathers independently, their interactions have received considerably less attention, despite their potential to broaden the available colour spectrum. Here, we investigate the colour production mechanisms of the purple feathers of the purple-breasted cotinga (Cotinga cotinga). The purple feather colour results from both the coherent scattering of light by a sphere-type nanomatrix of β-keratin and air (spongy layer) in the barbs, which produces a blue–green colour, and the selective absorption of light in the centre of the bird-visible spectrum by the methoxy-carotenoid, cotingin. This unusual combination of carotenoid and nanostructure with a central air vacuole, in the absence of melanin, is a blueprint of a synergistic way to produce a non-spectral colour that would be difficult to achieve with only a single colour production mechanism.
Diagnostic performance of echocardiography to predict cardiac tamponade after cardiac surgery
Authors: Ellenbroek Dennis F J , van Kessel Luc , Compagner Wilma , Brouwer Tim , Bouwman R Arthur , van Straten Bart A H M , Otterspoor Luuk C , De Bie Ashley J R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening complication after cardiac surgery. Echocardiography, both transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE), may help to identify cardiac tamponade after surgery, but its diagnostic value remains unverified after cardiac surgery.

METHODS
This retrospective single-centre cohort study used the electronic medical record and echocardiography database of the Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, a tertiary referral cardiothoracic centre, to identify patients who received echocardiography because they were clinically suspected of having cardiac tamponade within the 4 weeks after cardiac surgery. Overall diagnostic accuracy of both TTE and TEE was calculated (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and receiver operation characteristics curves). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the timing of the echocardiography after primary surgery (&lt;24, 24–72, &gt;72 h).

RESULTS
The query identified 427 echocardiographs, 373 TTEs and 54 TEEs, being performed in 414 patients (65% males, mean age 67 years). Of them, 116 patients underwent surgical re-exploration in which a cardiac tamponade was determined in 105 patients with a 30-day mortality of 8.6%. The area under the receiver operation characteristics curve for echocardiography in the 4 weeks after cardiac surgery was 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.84, P &lt; 0.001]. In the first 24 h after surgery was the positive predictive value of echocardiography 58.3% (95% CI: 28.6–83.5) with an area under the curve of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.49–0.80, P = 0.06). The diagnostic accuracy improved over time for both TTE and TEE.

CONCLUSIONS
Diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography in the 4 weeks after cardiac surgery for cardiac tamponade is acceptable and improves over time. However, in the early postoperative phase (&lt;24 h), the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography is poor.
PSII-7 Farrowing age is a predictor of sow lifetime performance
Authors: Wakatsuki Masahiro , Piñeiro Carlos , Koketsu Yuzo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Sow lifetime performance can be predicted by sow performance at an early age; however, few studies have examined the relationship between farrowing age (FA) after parity 1 and sow lifetime performance. Therefore, our objective was to examine the association between FA in different parities and sow lifetime performance. Data were extracted from 198,043 sows entered into 155 Spanish herds between 2011 - 2013 and removed between 2011 - 2016. The 1st to 99th percentiles of FA records were analyzed, with FA defined as the number of days from birth to the farrowing date in each parity. A two-level linear mixed-effects model was applied to examine the relationship between FA and lifetime performance of sows (SAS University Edition). Means of FA + SD (range) in parities 1 and 3 were 368.4 + 34.8 (238 - 460) days and 663.5 + 41.4 (501 - 773) days, respectively. The ranges of FA in parity 1 and 3 were 238 - 460 days and 501 - 773 days, respectively. Lifetime performance decreased with higher FA in both parities. For example, in parity 1, as FA increased from 290 to 410 days, lifetime piglets born alive (PBA) decreased by 4.4 piglets, annualized lifetime PBA decreased by 3.5 piglets and nonproductive days increased by 16.8 days. Similarly, in parity 3, as FA increased from 590 to 710 days, lifetime PBA decreased by 5.3 piglets, annualized lifetime PBA decreased by 3.0 piglets and nonproductive days increased by 39.5 days. Also, sows with a lower FA in parity 1 had fewer PBA in that parity than sow with a higher FA (P &lt; 0.05). However, they also had fewer nonproductive days and a shorter weaning-to-first-mating interval and more annualized lifetime PBA. Therefore, these data indicate that FA can be used to predict lifetime performance of the sows.