bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variability in geomorphic change at tidally influenced shipwreck sites: The use of time‐lapse multibeam data for the assessment of site formation processes
Authors: Majcher Jan , Quinn Rory , Plets Ruth , Coughlan Mark , McGonigle Christopher , Sacchetti Fabio , Westley Kieran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractShipwrecks are an integral part of our maritime archaeological landscape and are associated with diverse societal and cultural interests, yielding significant management challenges. Coupled hydrodynamic and geomorphological processes significantly impact the effective in situ preservation of these fragile sites. In this study, we assess sediment budget change and hydrodynamic triggers at metal‐hulled shipwrecks lost between 1875 and 1918, all located in the tidally dominated Irish Sea at depths between 26 and 84 m. This is conducted using time‐lapse, multibeam echosounder surveys at multiannual, annual, and weekly time steps, supported by sediment grain‐size analysis, modeled ocean currents, and shallow seismic data. Results indicate significant changes at all time steps for sites located in sand‐dominated environments, whereas the seabed around shipwrecks settled in multimodal sediments shows virtually no change outside of measurement errors (±30 cm). Variability in geomorphic change is attributed to local environmental factors, including bed shear stress, sediment supply, and spatial barriers to scour. We demonstrate that individual wrecks in similar shelf sea regions can be in very different equilibrium states, which has critical implications for the in situ management of underwater cultural heritage.
Adult‐born granule cell mossy fibers preferentially target parvalbumin‐positive interneurons surrounded by perineuronal nets
Authors: Briones Brandy A. , Pisano Thomas J. , Pitcher Miah N. , Haye Amanda E. , Diethorn Emma J. , Engel Esteban A. , Cameron Heather A. , Gould Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdult‐born granule cells (abGCs) integrate into the hippocampus and form connections with dentate gyrus parvalbumin‐positive (PV+) interneurons, a circuit important for modulating plasticity. Many of these interneurons are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), extracellular matrix structures known to participate in plasticity. We compared abGC projections to PV+ interneurons with negative‐to‐low intensity PNNs to those with high intensity PNNs using retroviral and 3R‐Tau labeling in adult mice, and found that abGC mossy fibers and boutons are more frequently located near PV+ interneurons with high intensity PNNs. These results suggest that axons of new neurons preferentially stabilize near target cells with intense PNNs. Next, we asked whether the number of abGCs influences PNN formation around PV+ interneurons, and found that near complete ablation of abGCs produced a decrease in the intensity and number of PV+ neurons with PNNs, suggesting that new neuron innervation may enhance PNN formation. Experience‐driven changes in adult neurogenesis did not produce consistent effects, perhaps due to widespread effects on plasticity. Our study identifies abGC projections to PV+ interneurons with PNNs, with more presumed abGC mossy fiber boutons found near the cell body of PV+ interneurons with strong PNNs.
Numerical and machine learning analyses of entropy generation in an unsteady squeezing flow of copper/aluminum oxide/water hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Oloniiju Shina D. , Oyelakin Ibukun S. , Goqo Sicelo P. , Sibanda Precious 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeveral studies have been carried out on the squeezing flow of mono‐nanofluids. However, this study investigates numerical and machine learning analyses of entropy generated in an unsteady squeezing flow of a copper–aluminum oxide/water hybrid nanofluid. Numerical analysis and the flow model simulation are done using the hybridization of Chebyshev pseudospectral and quasilinearization methods. The results show that the magnetic force is the most significant in the entropy generation number. A support vector machine learning model is introduced to calculate the average entropy generation number. The machine learning model's accuracy is measured using known performance metrics of regression models. The root mean square error is obtained as 4.1184, the mean absolute error as 1.8776, and the coefficient of determination () as 0.995. Furthermore, the Hartman and Eckert numbers are identified to be highly positively correlated to the entropy generation number. However, for increasing values of the Hartman number, the temperature distribution between the two parallel plates decreases. We found that the temperature of copper/aluminum oxide/water nanofluid is greater than that of copper/water nanofluid, and the percentage difference between the temperature at the lower plate is estimated to be between 6% and 9% for .
Urban stream temperature patterns: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the Philadelphia region, Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Beganskas Sarah , Toran Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStream temperature is a critical water quality parameter that is not fully understood, particularly in urban areas. This study explores drivers contributing to stream temperature variability within an urban system, at 21 sites within the Philadelphia region, Pennsylvania, USA. A comprehensive set of temperature metrics were evaluated, including temperature sensitivity, daily maximum temperatures, time >20°C, and temperature surges during storms. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were the strongest driver of downstream temperature variability along 32 km in Wissahickon Creek. WWTP effluent temperature controlled local (1–3 km downstream) temperatures year‐round, but the impacts varied seasonally: during winter, local warming of 2–7°C was consistently observed, while local cooling up to 1°C occurred during summer. Summer cooling and winter warming were detected up to 12 km downstream of a WWTP. Comparing effects from different WWTPs provided guidelines for mitigating their thermal impact; WWTPs that discharged into larger streams, had cooler effluent, or had lower discharge had less effect on stream temperatures. Comparing thermal regimes in four urban headwater streams, sites with more local riparian canopy had cooler maximum temperatures by up to 1.5°C, had lower temperature sensitivity, and spent less time at high temperatures, although mean temperatures were unaffected. Watershed‐scale impervious area was associated with increased surge frequency and magnitude at headwater sites, but most storms did not result in a surge and most surges had a low magnitude. These results suggest that maintaining or restoring riparian canopy in urban settings will have a larger impact on stream temperatures than stormwater management that treats impervious area. Mitigation efforts may be most impactful at urban headwater sites, which are particularly vulnerable to stream temperature disruptions. It is vital that stream temperature impacts are considered when planning stormwater management or stream restoration projects, and the appropriate metrics need to be considered when assessing impacts.
An overview of hydrometeorological datasets from a small agricultural catchment (Nučice) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Li Tailin , Jeřábek Jakub , Noreika Nina , Dostál Tomáš , Zumr David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe introduce the freely available web‐based Water in an Agricultural Landscape—NUčice Database (WALNUD) dataset that includes both hydrological and meteorological records at the Nučice experimental catchment (0.53 km2), which is representative of an intensively farmed landscape in the Czech Republic. The Nučice experimental catchment was established in 2011 for the observation of rainfall–runoff processes, soil erosion processes, and water balance of a cultivated landscape. The average altitude is 401 m a.s.l., the mean land slope is 3.9%, and the climate is humid continental (mean annual temperature 7.9°C, annual precipitation 630 mm). The catchment is drained by an artificially straightened stream and consists of three fields covering over 95% of the area which are managed by two different farmers. The typical crops are winter wheat, rapeseed, and alfalfa. The installed equipment includes a standard meteorological station, several rain gauges distributed across the basin, and a flume with an H‐type facing that is used to monitor stream discharge, water turbidity, and basic water quality indicators. Additionally, the groundwater level and soil water content at various depths near the stream are recorded. Recently, large‐scale soil moisture monitoring efforts have been introduced with the installation of two cosmic‐ray neutron sensors for soil moisture monitoring. The datasets consist of observed variables (e.g. measured precipitation, air temperature, stream discharge, and soil moisture) and are available online for public use. The cross‐seasonal, open access datasets at this small‐scale agricultural catchment will benefit not only hydrologists but also local farmers.
Toxoplasma gondii infection and the risk of adult glioma in two prospective studies
Authors: Hodge James M. , Coghill Anna E. , Kim Youngchul , Bender Noemi , Smith‐Warner Stephanie A. , Gapstur Susan , Teras Lauren R. , Grimsrud Tom K. , Waterboer Tim , Egan Kathleen M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractToxoplasma gondii (T gondii) is a common parasite that shows affinity to neural tissue and may lead to the formation of cysts in the brain. Previous epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between glioma and increased prevalence of T gondii infection, but prospective studies are lacking. Therefore, we examined the association between prediagnostic T gondii antibodies and risk of glioma in two prospective cohorts using a nested case‐control study design. Cases and matched controls were selected from the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study‐II Nutrition Cohort (CPSII‐NC) (n = 37 cases and 74 controls) and the Norwegian Cancer Registry's Janus Serum Bank (Janus) (n = 323 cases and 323 controls). Blood samples collected prior to diagnosis were analyzed for antibodies to two T gondii surface antigens (p22 and sag‐1), with individuals considered seropositive if antibodies to either antigen were detected. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each cohort. In both cohorts, a suggestive increase in glioma risk was observed among those infected with T gondii (OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 0.96‐7.62 for CPSII‐NC; OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.85‐2.07 for Janus), particularly among participants with high antibody titers specific to the sag‐1 antigen (CPSII‐NC OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 0.99‐11.38; Janus OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.02‐3.14). Our findings provide the first prospective evidence of an association between T gondii infection and risk of glioma. Further studies with larger case numbers are needed to confirm a potential etiologic role for T gondii in glioma.
Determinants of loan survival rates for small and medium‐sized enterprises: Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Batiz‐Zuk Enrique , López‐Gallo Fabrizio , Mohamed Abdulkadir , Sánchez‐Cajal Fátima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the determinants of bank loan survival time in an emerging economy for ‘micro’, ‘small’ and ‘medium’‐sized enterprises. We use proprietary data from the Central Bank of Mexico for approximately 1.5 million company loans between January 2010 and May 2017. Our results show that firm' characteristics at the time of loan origination, and lagged macroeconomic factors have a significant impact on the loan survival times. Further tests on model validation show that our fitted survival model performs reasonably well in out of sample forecasts.
The effect of Confucian culture on household risky asset holdings: Using categorical principal component analysis
Authors: Ge Yongbo , Kong Xiaoran , Dadilabang Geilegeilao , Ho Kung‐Cheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConfucianism, as an informal system, influences the risk preferences of households and, therefore, affects households' investment behaviours. This study investigates the effects of Confucian culture on household risky assets by using data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies and using categorical principal component analysis. The empirical results reveal that Confucian culture is negatively correlated with risky assets held by households. Specifically, households more influenced by Confucian culture demonstrate a low probability of participating in the risky financial market and a decreased proportion of risky asset holdings. Further research indicates that this negative correlation is diminished in areas with high levels of social trust. Furthermore, foreign culture impact drives households to enter financial markets. Therefore, the Chinese government must thoroughly consider the potential effects of culture when formulating policies, utilize Confucian culture's adaptation to modern society and promote the healthy development of the financial market. This study augments the household finance theory from the perspective of informal systems and contributes to the research on ‘culture and finance.’
Bayesian non‐linear quantile effects on modelling realized kernels
Authors: Dong Manh Cuong , Chen Cathy W. S. , Asai Manabu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines the non‐linear responses of a stock market's realized measure of volatility to its potential factors across different quantile levels. Specifically, we apply the threshold quantile autoregressive model with exogenous variables and GARCH specification to model the realized kernel series of the Nikkei 225 stock market. Using this model, we investigate the relationship between the realized kernel series and its lagged one autoregressive effect, intraday returns, and abnormal trading volume. Applying an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling scheme, our results confirm the existence of volatility clustering, a leverage effect, and a negative and asymmetric impact of trading volume on market volatility. We discover that the asymmetric characteristic of the news impact curve of the stock market varies over different quantile levels. This finding provides an in‐depth understanding about how stock volatility reacts to its determinants and how stock markets operate under different market conditions.
Reduced response to controlled ovarian stimulation after radical trachelectomy: A pitfall of fertility‐sparing surgery for cervical cancer
Authors: Tamauchi Satoshi , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Osuka Satoko , Moriyama Yoshinori , Yoshihara Masato , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the decrease in response to controlled ovarian stimulation in patients who receive in vitro fertilization treatment after radical trachelectomy.MethodsThe outcomes of ovarian stimulation were retrospectively evaluated and compared between patients who have undergone radical trachelectomy and control patients who had male factor infertility or unexplained infertility.ResultsA total of 30 ovarian stimulation cycles in 14 radical trachelectomy patients and 54 cycles in 30 control patients were reviewed. The median age at ovarian stimulation was 34.8 years in the radical trachelectomy group and 36.5 years in the control group. Compared with the control group, the radical trachelectomy group had significantly lower mean estradiol concentration (1461.7 pg/ml, SD 775.0 vs. 1950.9 pg/ml, SD 1057.3, P = 0.029) during controlled ovarian stimulation cycle and smaller median number of retrieved oocytes (5, range 1–14 vs. 8, range 1–19, P = 0.007), despite the higher use of gonadotropin (3527.5 IU, SD 1313.4 vs. 2670.8 IU, SD 905.1, P = 0.001).ConclusionThe response to controlled ovarian stimulation decreased after radical trachelectomy.
An outbreak of xenophobia: Perceived discrimination and anxiety in Chinese American college students before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Haft Stephanie L. , Zhou Qing 
Published: January 2021

Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, reports of xenophobic and racist incidents directed at Chinese Americans have escalated. The present study adds further understanding to potential psychosocial effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic by comparing self‐reported questionnaire data from two groups of Chinese students attending a public university in western United States: the group who participated in the study before the outbreak of COVID‐19 (Pre‐COVID, N = 134), and the group who participated at the beginning (during‐COVID, N = 64). The aim of the study was to: (a) compare mean differences in perceived discrimination and anxiety between the two groups, (b) test whether COVID‐19 moderated the link between perceived discrimination and anxiety, and (c) examine whether media exposure portraying Chinese individuals negatively mediated relations between COVID‐19 and discrimination. Results showed that the During‐COVID group reported higher perceived discrimination and anxiety than the Pre‐COVID group. The link between perceived discrimination and anxiety was stronger for the During‐COVID group. Mediation analyses suggested that negative Chinese media exposure partly accounted for the group difference in perceived discrimination. Results suggest that future studies on the psychosocial implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic should consider the role of discrimination in understanding the mental health of Chinese American college students.
Artificial intelligence approach to estimating rice yield*
Authors: Babaee Maryam , Maroufpoor Saman , Jalali Mohammadnabi , Zarei Manizhe , Elbeltagi Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfter wheat, rice is one of the most important agricultural products in the world, and Iran has a special position here with annual production of more than 2 million t of rice. Evaluation of crop yield has an important role in agricultural policy making due to different conditions and restrictions. Estimating rice yield is a key factor in food security. Any change in the effective parameters can cause changes in rice yield and therefore the food security of the population will be affected. In this study, rice crop yield was estimated by artificial neural networks (ANNs) and ANN‐genetic programming (GP) in 2011 and 2015. Rainfall, permeability, soil texture, land type, evapotranspiration and inlet and inflow and outflow water to paddy lands were used as inputs. The results showed that the ANN‐GP with a root mean square error (RMSE = 80.8 kg ha‾¹) and a correlation coefficient (CC = 0.91) was more accurate than the stand‐alone ANN (with RMSE = 139 kg ha‾¹ and CC = 0.67). Finally, the effect of each input parameter on rice yield was evaluated. Irrigation, drainage and soil type parameters had the best impact rank, with 36, 28 and 31%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can act as an efficient tool in estimating rice yield and help decision makers to manage and develop the agricultural system.
Anthraquinones inhibit cytochromes P450 enzyme activity in silico and in vitro
Authors: Liu Yitong , Mapa Mapa S. T. , Sprando Robert L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnthraquinones exhibit various pharmacological activities (e.g., antioxidant and laxative) and are commonly found in consumer products including foods, dietary supplements, drugs, and traditional medicines. Despite their widespread use, there are limited data available on their toxicokinetic properties. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the liver play major roles in metabolizing exogenous chemicals (e.g., pharmaceuticals, food ingredients, and environmental pollutants) and endogenous biomolecules (e.g., steroid hormones and cholesterol). Inhibition of CYP activities may lead to serious interactions among these compounds. Here, in silico (quantitative structure‐activity relationship modeling) and in vitro (human recombinant enzymes and liver microsomes) methods were used to identify inhibitors of five major CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) among 22 anthraquinones. First, in silico prediction and in vitro human recombinant enzyme assays were conducted for all compounds, and results showed that most of the anthraquinones were potent CYP1A2 inhibitors. Second, five selected anthraquinones (emodin, aloe‐emodin, rhein, purpurin, and rubiadin) were further evaluated in human liver microsomes. Finally, plasma concentrations of the five anthraquinones in animal and humans were identified in the literature and compared to their in vitro inhibition potency (IC50 values) towards CYP activities. Emodin, rhein, and aloe‐emodin inhibited activities of multiple CYPs in human liver microsomes and potential in vivo inhibition may occur due to their high plasma concentrations. These in silico and in vitro results enabled rapid identification of potential CYP inhibitors and prioritized future in‐depth studies.
Metabolomics Insights into Osteoporosis Through Association With Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Xu Hanfei , Li Gloria HY , Long Michelle T , Cheung Ching-Lung , Vasan Ramachandran S , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Kiel Douglas P , Liu Ching-Ti 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD), increases the risk for fractures. Conventional risk factors alone do not completely explain measured BMD or osteoporotic fracture risk. Metabolomics may provide additional information. We aim to identify BMD-associated metabolomic markers that are predictive of fracture risk. We assessed 209 plasma metabolites by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in 1552 Framingham Offspring Study participants, and measured femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD 2 to 10 years later using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We assessed osteoporotic fractures up to 27-year follow-up after metabolomic profiling. We identified 27 metabolites associated with FN-BMD or LS-BMD by LASSO regression with internal validation. Incorporating selected metabolites significantly improved the prediction and the classification of osteoporotic fracture risk beyond conventional risk factors (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.74 for the model with identified metabolites and risk factors versus AUC = 0.70 with risk factors alone, p = .001; net reclassification index = 0.07, p = .03). We replicated significant improvement in fracture prediction by incorporating selected metabolites in 634 participants from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS). The glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathway (including four identified metabolites: creatine, dimethylglycine, glycine, and serine) was significantly enriched (false discovery rate [FDR] p value = .028). Furthermore, three causally related metabolites (glycine, phosphatidylcholine [PC], and triacylglycerol [TAG]) were negatively associated with FN-BMD, whereas PC and TAG were negatively associated with LS-BMD through Mendelian randomization analysis. In summary, metabolites associated with BMD are helpful in osteoporotic fracture risk prediction. Potential causal mechanisms explaining the three metabolites on BMD are worthy of further experimental validation. Our findings may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).