bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Appraisal of Amyloid Lowering Agents in AD
Authors: Decourt Boris , Boumelhem Fadel , Pope Evans D. , Shi Jiong , Mari Zoltan , Sabbagh Marwan Noel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, removing amyloid beta (Aβ) should cure Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the past three decades, many agents have been tested to try to lower Aβ production, prevent Aβ aggregation, and dissolve Aβ deposits. However, the paucity in definitive preventative or curative properties of these agents in clinical trials has resulted in more avant-garde approaches to therapeutic investigations. Immunotherapy has become an area of focus for research on disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight the current clinical development landscape of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies that target Aβ plaque formation and removal in AD.

Recent Findings
Multiple potential disease-modifying therapeutics for AD are in active development. Targeting Aβ with mAbs has the potential to treat various stages of AD: prodromal, prodromal to mild, mild, and mild to moderate. Monoclonal antibodies discussed here include aducanumab, lecanemab, solanezumab, crenezumab, donanemab, and gantenerumab.

Summary
The final decision by the FDA regarding the approval of aducanumab will offer valuable insight into the trajectory of drug development for mAbs in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Future directions for improving the treatment of AD will include more inquiry into the efficacy of mAbs as disease-modifying agents that specifically target Aβ peptides and/or multimers. In addition, a more robust trial design for AD immunotherapy agents should improve outcomes such that objective measures of clinical efficacy will eventually lead to higher chances of drug approval.
Crossing Social Boundaries in an Immigration Context: Exogamy and Gendered Employment Patterns in Unions in Germany
Authors: Braack Mirko K. , Milewski Nadja , Trappe Heike 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study gendered employment patterns in unions by focusing on the role of exogamy for non-migrants in Germany. Classical assimilation theory has studied such mixed migrant-non-migrant unions mainly with a focus on the members of ethnic minorities. However, this perspective neglects the question of the social consequences of exogamy for the members of the majority group. We aim to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the association of being in a mixed union and the employment patterns of the couple. Our theoretical considerations and working hypotheses are derived from modernization theories, welfare state and labor market theories, gender studies, and social boundary-crossing frameworks. Drawing on the scientific use file of the German Microcensus of 2013, our sample consists of 44,499 non-migrant men (about 7% of whom are in a mixed union with a migrant) and 43,722 non-migrant women (about 5% of whom are in a mixed union). We estimate multinomial logistic regression models. We conclude that the persistent disadvantage for immigrants on the labor market in Germany shapes the gendered employment patterns of their unions, which, in turn, affect the members of the majority population. For non-migrant men, exogamy is associated with a re-traditionalization of employment patterns, whereby a man is more likely to be the main earner if he is in an exogamous union than if he is in an endogamous union. For non-migrant women, by contrast, we find evidence of a role reversal in exogamous unions, whereby the woman is more likely to be the main earner.
Novel advances in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Vromen T. , Brouwers R. W. M. , Jorstad H. T. , Kraaijenhagen R. A. , Spee R. F. , Wittekoek M. E. , Cramer M. J. , van Hal J. M. C. , Hofstra L. , Kuijpers P. M. J. C. , de Melker E. C. , Rodrigo S. F. , Sunamura M. , Uszko-Lencer N. H. M. K. , Kemps H. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCardiac rehabilitation (CR) has evolved as an important part of the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, to date, its full potential is fairly underutilised. This review discusses new developments in CR aimed at improving participation rates and long-term effectiveness in the general cardiac population. It consecutively highlights new or challenging target groups, new delivery modes and new care pathways for CR programmes. These new or challenging target groups include patients with atrial fibrillation, obesity and cardiovascular disease, chronic coronary syndromes, (advanced) chronic heart failure with or without intracardiac devices, women and frail elderly patients. Also, the current evidence regarding cardiac telerehabilitation and loyalty programmes is discussed as new delivery modes for CR. Finally, this paper discusses novel care pathways with the integration of CR in residual risk management and transmural care pathways. These new developments can help to make optimal use of the benefits of CR. Therefore we should seize the opportunities to reshape current CR programmes, broaden their applicability and incorporate them into or combine them with other cardiovascular care programmes/pathways.
Morning pulmonary artery pressure measurements by CardioMEMS are most stable and recommended for pressure trends monitoring
Authors: Crnko S. , Brugts J. J. , Veenis J. F. , de Jonge N. , Sluijter J. P. G. , Oerlemans M. I. F. , van Laake L. W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims
The CardioMEMS HF system is used to measure pulmonary artery (PA) pressures of patients with heart failure (HF). The goal of this study was to determine the impact of time in the daily PA pressure measurements, considering variance and influence of circadian rhythms on cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Methods and results
The study included 10 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (LVEF < 40%; New York Heart Association class III). Individual daily PA pressures were obtained by CardioMEMS sensors, per protocol, measured up to six times throughout the day, for a period of 5 days. Differences between variation of morning versus evening PA pressures were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Mean PA pressures (mPAP) increased from a morning value of 19.1 ± 2 mm Hg (8 am; mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM]) to 21.3 ± 2 mm Hg late in the evening (11 pm; mean ± SEM). Over the course of 5 days, evening mPAP exhibited a significantly higher median coefficient of variation than morning mPAP (14.9 (interquartile range [IQR] 7.6–21.0) and 7.0 (IQR 5.0–12.8) respectively; p = 0.01). The same daily pattern of pressure variability was observed in diastolic (p = 0.01) and systolic (p = 0.04) pressures, with diastolic pressures being more variable than systolic at all time points.

Conclusions
Morning PA pressure measurements yield more stable values for observing PA trends. Patients should thus be advised to consistently perform their daily PA pressure measurements early in the morning. This will improve reliability and interpretation of the CardioMEMS management, indicating true alterations in the patient’s health status, rather than time-of-day-dependent variations.
Evaluation of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rock using two-dimensional modeling of sedimentary basin: a case study in North Dezful Embayment, Southwest Iran
Authors: Maleki Ashkan , Saberi Mohammad Hossein , Moallemi Seyed Ali , Jazayeri Mohammad Hassan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarly Cretaceous and Jurassic sequences in the southwestern Iran host some of the largest hydrocarbon reservoirs in the globe. This study is aimed at evaluating the maturity of hydrocarbon fluids, migration paths, and characteristics of Pabdeh, Kazhdumi, Garu and Sargelu source rocks in this region. For this purpose, 27 samples of Pabdeh and Kazhdumi Formations from wells in the northern part of Dezful Embayment were chemically evaluated by Rock–Eval pyrolysis. OpenFlow™ software was utilized to analyze the burial history, conduct 1D thermal modeling in four oilfields and perform 2D modeling on a section to estimate the maturity and extension of sediments. Results of the 1D modeling showed that the kerogens of Sargelu, Garu and Kazhdumi Formations were properly matured, leading to some hydrocarbon outflow, although the organic matter content of Pabdeh Formation was too immature to produce any hydrocarbon. Based on the plot of hydrogen index (HI) versus Tmax, it was found that the studied formations were dominated by type II kerogen and a mixed species of type II and type III kerogens. Results of the migration path modeling showed some leakage from the Kazhdumi Formation up to an overlying seal that prevented the hydrocarbons from seeping out to surface. The Early and Middle Cretaceous oil systems were found to be connected through geometrical features or faults, with the Kazhdumi Formation separating the two systems. The results further showed the migration of hydrocarbons, at a relatively high rate, into the Abadan Plate through the sub-Kazhdumi reservoirs.The Early and Middle Cretaceous petroleum systems were found to be connected through particular geometry features or possibly faults, with the two systems separated by Kazhdumi Formation. For most part, the intensity of the maturation processes was found to decrease from east to west of the study area.
Sharp Lyapunov-type inequalities for second-order half-linear difference equations with different kinds of boundary conditions
Authors: Stegliński Robert 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, we establish optimal Lyapunov-type inequalities for the second-order difference equation withp-Laplacian$$\begin{aligned} \Delta (\left| \Delta u(k-1)\right| ^{p-2}\Delta u(k-1))+a(k)\left| u(k)\right| ^{p-2}u(k)=0 \end{aligned}$$Δ(Δu(k-1)p-2Δu(k-1))+a(k)u(k)p-2u(k)=0with Dirichlet, Neumann, mixed, periodic and anti-periodic boundary conditions.
Can molar incisor hypomineralization cause dental fear and anxiety or influence the oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents?—a systematic review
Authors: Jälevik B. , Sabel N. , Robertson A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeMolar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) are first molars with developmental enamel defects and are common findings in many child populations. The porous nature of MIH enamel and the presence of post-eruptive enamel breakdown leads to the presence of hypersensitivity and pain, which is often the patient’s main complaint and can result in dental fear and affect the quality of life.The present review aims to summarise the evidence for the ability of MIH to cause problems, such as dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and to summarise the evidence for a possibly negative impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of MIH affected children and adolescents, in a systematic review.MethodTwo searches, (1) MIH AND dental anxiety and (2) MIH AND Quality of life, were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus. Selection demands were fulfilling the MIH diagnosis criteria using validated instruments and questionnaires for assessing DFA and OHRQoL, respectively.ResultsAfter removing duplicates and articles not fulfilling the selection demands, 6 studies concerning MIH and DFA and 8 studies concerning MIH and OHRQoL remained.ConclusionChildren and adolescents with diagnosed MIH did not seem to suffer from increased dental fear and anxiety, but indicated an impaired oral health-related quality of life.
MNLS simulations of surface wave groups with directional spreading in deep and finite depth waters
Authors: Barratt Dylan , van den Bremer Ton Stefan , Adcock Thomas Alan Adcock 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe simulate focusing surface gravity wave groups with directional spreading using the modified nonlinear Schrödinger (MNLS) equation and compare the results with a fully-nonlinear potential flow code, OceanWave3D. We alter the direction and characteristic wavenumber of the MNLS carrier wave, to assess the impact on the simulation results. Both a truncated (fifth-order) and exact version of the linear dispersion operator are used for the MNLS equation. The wave groups are based on the theory of quasi-determinism and a narrow-banded Gaussian spectrum. We find that the truncated and exact dispersion operators both perform well if: (1) the direction of the carrier wave aligns with the direction of wave group propagation; (2) the characteristic wavenumber of the carrier wave coincides with the initial spectral peak. However, the MNLS simulations based on the exact linear dispersion operator perform significantly better if the direction of the carrier wave does not align with the wave group direction or if the characteristic wavenumber does not coincide with the initial spectral peak. We also perform finite-depth simulations with the MNLS equation for dimensionless depths ($$k_{\text {p}}d$$

k
p

d

) between 1.36 and 5.59, incorporating depth into the boundary conditions as well as the dispersion operator, and compare the results with those of fully-nonlinear potential flow code to assess the finite-depth limitations of the MNLS.
Von Lefort zu Mouffe. Populismus als Moment und Grenze radikaler Demokratie
Authors: Kim Seongcheol 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden Chantal Mouffes jüngste Interventionen für den Linkspopulismus zum Anlass für eine theoretische Reflexion über das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Populismus und radikaler Demokratie genommen. Im Lichte der radikalen Demokratietheorien Claude Leforts, Jacques Rancières, Ernesto Laclaus und Chantal Mouffes, der Populismustheorie Laclaus sowie der einschlägigen Rezeption wird argumentiert, dass der Populismus sowohl konstitutives Moment als auch Grenze eines radikalen Demokratieverständnisses bildet, was sich insbesondere in der Akzentverschiebung von Autonomie zu Repräsentation bei Laclau verdichtet und als Organisationsfrage bei Mouffe hervortritt. Damit öffnet sich nicht zuletzt eine empirische Forschungsperspektive zur Untersuchung des Verhältnisses von Populismus und radikaler Demokratie, die zum Schluss exemplarisch aufgegriffen und anhand einer Unterscheidung zwischen Bewegungsparteien und Volksparteien neuen Typs veranschaulicht wird.
The Tide Effects on Bioeconomic Model of Sardina pilchardus, Engraulis encrasicolus and Xiphias gladius in Atlantic Moroccan Zone
Authors: Baba Nossaiba , Agmour Imane , El Foutayeni Youssef , Achtaich Naceur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this work is the study of the effects of high tides and low tides on fishing effort, catches as well as profits in a bioeconomic model of populations ofSardina pilchardus,Engraulis encrasicolusandXiphias gladiusin Moroccan areas. To achieve this objective, we studied the stability of the equilibrium points of our biological model then we added in our model the effect of the tides in the fishing effort which maximizes the profits of the fishermen under the constraint of the conservation of the biodiversity of these marine species using the generalized Nash equilibrium in the resolution of the bioeconomic model. As results, we were able to give the best fishing times according to the tides of each month of the whole year which will allow us to achieve better yields. Hence the importance of introducing the effect of high and low tides in bioeconomic models.
Das Harnblasenkarzinom der Frau
Authors: Garstka Nathalie , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungFrauen werden bis zur endgültigen Diagnosestellung eines Harnblasenkarzinoms (BCa) häufiger symptomatisch fehlbehandelt, wodurch es zu einer Diagnoseverzögerung kommt. Bei Frauen wird zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose eher ein fortgeschrittenes BCa festgestellt als bei Männern. Die krebsspezifische Mortalität ist bei Frauen insbesondere in den ersten 2 Jahren nach der Erstdiagnose höher als bei Männern. Die meisten Studien zeigen eine schlechtere Überlebensrate bei Frauen, welche aufgrund eines BCa eine radikale Zystektomie (RC) erhalten. Allerdings ist im Fall einer durchgeführten neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie (NAC) ein besseres krebsspezifisches Überleben zu erwarten. Es gibt Hinweise, welche den Outcomeunterschied zwischen Männern und Frauen erklären; diese beziehen sich auf unterschiedliche Risikofaktoren, Diagnosestellungen, Behandlungen und hormonelle Faktoren. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um diese Mechanismen genauer zu untersuchen. Dies gilt insbesondere auch für neuere systemische Therapie, wie Immuntherapeutika.
Under-triage of older trauma patients in prehospital care: a systematic review
Authors: Alshibani Abdullah , Alharbi Meshal , Conroy Simon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
It is argued that many older trauma patients are under-triaged in prehospital care which may adversely affect their outcomes. This systematic review aimed to assess prehospital under-triage rates for older trauma patients, the accuracy of the triage criteria, and the impact of prehospital triage decisions on outcomes.

Methods
A computerised literature search using MEDLINE, Scopus, and CINHAL databases was conducted for studies published between 1966 and 2021 using a list of predetermined index terms and their associated alternatives. Studies which met the inclusion criteria were included and critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, narrative synthesis was used in this systematic review.

Results
Of the 280 identified studies, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Current trauma triage guidelines have poor sensitivity to identify major trauma and the need for TC care for older adults. Although modified triage tools for this population have improved sensitivity, they showed significantly decreased specificity or were not applied to all older people. The issue of low rates of TC transport for positively triaged older patients is not well understood. Furthermore, the benefits of TC treatment for older patients remain uncertain.

Conclusions
This systematic review showed that under-triage is an ongoing issue for older trauma patients in prehospital care and its impact on their outcomes is still uncertain. Further high-quality prospective research is needed to assess the accuracy of prehospital triage criteria, the factors other than the triage criteria that affect transport decisions, and the impact of under-triage on outcomes.
Online learning during school closure due to COVID-19
Authors: Ikeda Masato , Yamaguchi Shintaro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper estimates the effects of school closure on students’ study time and the number of messages sent from teachers to students using an online learning service. We find that both study time and message numbers increased significantly from the beginning of the school closure but they returned to pre-COVID-19 levels when the state of emergency ended in late May 2020. In addition, we find that students with prior access to the online learning service at home and students at higher-quality schools increased their study time more than other students. However, we find no gender differences in these outcomes.
Governing Through Remorse: The Discursive Framing of Dangerous Offenders in Canada
Authors: Mussell Linda , Orsini Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the emotional terrain and discursive frames that govern the constitution of those subject to the “dangerous offender” (DO) designation in Canada. Focusing on the emotion of remorse, we discuss four narratives involving individuals who went through the DO hearing process, gaining significant media attention. Asking what role Indigeneity and other factors play in how the media discuss the emotional comportment of DOs, we examine the persistence of particular discursive frames in these narratives, and the counter-frames that challenge or disrupt dominant understandings of what it is appropriate to feel. The expression of emotion, and its interpretation, can be critical to the outcome of cases, criminalized people/survivor stigmatization, and normalization of punishment and may also motivate community mobilization and prompt policy change. Yet, emotion, and how it may be performed and interpreted differently, is not well understood or discussed in these narratives.
Good Learning and Epistemic Transformation
Authors: Sato Kunimasa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study explores a liberatory epistemic virtue that is suitable for good learning as a form of liberating socially situated epistemic agents toward ideal virtuousness. First, I demonstrate that the weak neutralization of epistemically bad stereotypes is an end of good learning. Second, I argue that weak neutralization represents a liberatory epistemic virtue, the value of which derives from liberating us as socially situated learners from epistemic blindness to epistemic freedom. Third, I explicate two distinct forms of epistemic transformation: constitutive and causal epistemic transformation. I argue that compared with the ideal conception of epistemic virtue, constitutive epistemic transformation that involves good learning has a transcendent value in light of agents constantly renewing their default epistemic status toward ideal virtuousness.
Almost existence from the feral perspective and some questions
Authors: FISH JOEL W. , HOFER HELMUT H. W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe use feral pseudoholomorphic curves and adiabatic degeneration to prove an extended version of the so-called ‘almost existence result’ for regular compact Hamiltonian energy surfaces. That is, that for a variety of symplectic manifolds equipped with a Hamiltonian, almost every (non-empty) compact energy level has a periodic orbit.
Patient notification about suspected hospital-associated outbreaks of invasive mold infections: Considerations for public health and hospital personnel
Authors: Gandhi Pooja , Benedict Kaitlin , Toda Mitsuru , Beer Karlyn D. , Chiller Tom M. , Jackson Brendan R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA common type of fungal disease investigation involves hospital-associated clusters of invasive mold infections (IMIs), which typically occur among immunocompromised patients. Responding to IMI clusters can be challenging for public health and hospital personnel for several reasons such as difficulty of confirming the existence of an outbreak, difficulty of determining source. Although many resources exist to guide patient notification about healthcare incidents (eg, bloodborne exposures, disease outbreaks), IMI clusters involve special considerations related to the complex diseases, uncertain exposures, and differential benefits and risks of notification. Early, nuanced communication about hospital-associated IMI clusters is almost always the best course of action to help reduce risks to patients’ health and foster trust between patients and hospitals.
MOST SIMPLE EXTENSIONS OF ARE UNDECIDABLE
Authors: GALATOS NIKOLAOS , ST. JOHN GAVIN 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAll known structural extensions of the substructural logic
$\textbf{FL}_{\textbf{e}}$
, the Full Lambek calculus with exchange/commutativity (corresponding to subvarieties of commutative residuated lattices axiomatized by
$\{\vee , \cdot , 1\}$
-equations), have decidable theoremhood; in particular all the ones defined by knotted axioms enjoy strong decidability properties (such as the finite embeddability property). We provide infinitely many such extensions that have undecidable theoremhood, by encoding machines with undecidable halting problem. An even bigger class of extensions is shown to have undecidable deducibility problem (the corresponding varieties of residuated lattices have undecidable word problem); actually with very few exceptions, such as the knotted axioms and the other prespinal axioms, we prove that undecidability is ubiquitous. Known undecidability results for non-commutative extensions use an encoding that fails in the presence of commutativity, so and-branching counter machines are employed. Even these machines provide encodings that fail to capture proper extensions of commutativity, therefore we introduce a new variant that works on an exponential scale. The correctness of the encoding is established by employing the theory of residuated frames.