bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Respondent-Driven Sampling To Assess Febrile Illness Treatment-Seeking Behaviors Among Forest Goers in Cambodia and Vietnam
Authors: Paudel Mahesh , Tesfazghi Kemi , Nguyen Hoa , Phok Sochea , Sriniva Shwetha , Wheeler Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) aim to eliminate all forms of malaria by 2030. In Cambodia and Vietnam Forest goers are at highest risk of malaria. Universal access to prompt diagnosis and treatment is a core malaria intervention. This can only be achieved by understanding the health seeking behaviors among the most vulnerable groups and eliminating the barriers to prompt and effective treatment. This study aimed to improve understanding by exploring health seeking behaviors for febrile illness among populations at risk for malaria in Cambodia and Vietnam.
Methods

In 2019, researchers from Population Services International (PSI) conducted a population-based survey of forest goers in Cambodia and Vietnam using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). In Cambodia two operational districts, Oral and Phnom Srouch, in Kampong Speu Province were included in the study. In Vietnam, communes located within 15 km of the forest edge in Binh Phuoc and Gia Lai provinces were selected. Adults who had spent at least one night per week or four nights per month in the forest over the past three months were considered potential participants for the study.
Results

75% in Cambodia and 65% in Viet Nam of forest goers sought treatment outside the home for illness. In Cambodia 39% sought treatment from the private sector, 32%, from community health workers and 24% from public health facilities. In Vietnam, 62% sought care from community facilities, 29.3% from the private sector and 6.9% went to a public facility. Amongst forest goers who sought care, 33% in Cambodia and 52% in Vietnam did so within 24 hours.
Conclusions

This study is consistent with others that show that early diagnosis and treatment of malaria remains an obstacle to malaria elimination. This study also demonstrates that there are gaps in timeliness of care seeking amongst forest goers. The findings from this study around provider preference and delays in treatment seeking behaviors can be utilized to strengthen the design and targeting of malaria interventions and social behavior change strategies in order to accelerate malaria elimination in Cambodia and Vietnam.
Predicting the Time to Detect Moderately Virulent African Swine Fever Virus in Finisher Swine Herds Using a Stochastic Disease Transmission Model
Authors: Malladi Sasidhar , Ssematimba Amos , Bonney Peter J. , Charles Kaitlyn M. St. , Boyer Timothy , Goldsmith Timothy , Walz Emily , Cardona Carol , Culhane Marie R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and devastating pig disease that has caused extensive global economic losses. Understanding ASF virus (ASFV) transmission dynamics within a herd is necessary in order to prepare for and respond to an outbreak in the United States. Although the transmission parameters for the highly virulent ASF strains have been estimated in several articles, there are relatively few studies focused on moderately virulent strains. Using an approximate Bayesian computation algorithm in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation, we have estimated the adequate contact rate for moderately virulent ASFV strains and determined the statistical distributions for the durations of mild and severe clinical signs using individual, pig-level data. A discrete individual based disease transmission model was then used to estimate the time to detect ASF infection based on increased mild clinical signs, severe clinical signs, or daily mortality. Results: Our results indicate that it may take two weeks or longer to detect ASF in a finisher swine herd via mild clinical signs or increased mortality beyond levels expected in routine production. A key factor contributing to the extended time to detect ASF in a herd is the fairly long latently infected period for an individual pig (mean 4.5, 95% P.I., 2.4 - 7.2 days). Conclusion: These transmission model parameter estimates and estimated time to detection via clinical signs provide valuable information that can be used not only to support emergency preparedness but also to inform other simulation models of evaluating regional disease spread.
Zanubrutinib Attenuated Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Xiaohe , Wei Yuli , Gu Jinying , Liang Jingjing , Li Shimeng , Cui Yunyao , Liu Rui , Li Xiaoping , Yang Cheng , Zhou Honggang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease with high mortality and limited treatment. So far, the only drugs approved for the treatment of IPF are Nintedanib and Pirfenidone. Zanubrutinib, a BTK small molecule inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). In this study, we explored the potential effect and mechanisms of zanubrutinib on pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In the in vivo experiments, different doses of zanubrutinib were administered in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and pathological manifestations and lung function indexes were evaluated. The in vitro experiments were used a TGF-β1-treated fibroblast model to evaluate the effect of zanubrutinib on the activation and autophagy phenotype of fibroblasts and explored the underlying signaling pathways mechanism. Results: In vivo experiments proved that zanubrutinib effectively attenuated bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In vitro mechanism study indicated that zanubrutinib could suppress collagen deposition, myofibroblast activation by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and induce autophagy through the TGF-β1/mTOR pathway. Conclusions: Zanubrutinib could alleviate bleomycin- induced lung fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
Popliteal Fossa Sarcomas
Authors: Erdogan Ozgur , Çelik Aykut , Tekçe Ertuğrul , Altun Güray , Ozkan Korhan , Gurkan Volkan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aim: Soft tissue sarcomas of the popliteal fossa are extremely rare tumors of mesenchymal origin accounting for 3%–5% of all extremity sarcomas. However, data regarding the tumor type, neurovascular involvement, and administration of radiation therapy before or after resection are limited. This study aimed to report on popliteal fossa sarcomas analyzing data from two institutions based on a relatively large patient sample.Materials and Method: Twenty-four patients (80%; 9 men and 15 women) with a popliteal fossa soft tissue sarcoma were included in this study. The reviewed patient data included sex, age, duration of complaints, interval to diagnosis, radiology, pre- and postoperative biopsy, tumor histology, surgery type, complications, and pre- and postoperative oncologic and functional outcomes.Results: The mean age of the patients was 48 ± 21.23 (range 3–72) years at the time of diagnosis. The most common histological diagnoses were synovial sarcoma (6 patients), hemangiopericytoma (2 patients), soft tissue osteosarcoma (2 patients), fusiform cell sarcoma (2 patients), and myxofibrosarcoma (2 patients). Local recurrence after limb salvage was observed in six patients (25%). At the latest follow-up, 2 patients died of the disease, 2 patients were still alive with progressive lung disease and soft tissue metastasis, and the remaining 20 patients were free from the disease.Conclusions: Microscopically positive margins may not be an absolute indication for amputation. Also, negative margins do not provide a guarantee that local recurrence will not occur. Lymph node or distant metastasis may be predictive factors for local recurrence rather than positive margins.
Blood-Pool or Myocardial 3D Printing, Which One is Better for the Diagnosis of Types of Congenital Heart Disease?
Authors: Liang Jixiang , Zhao Xin , Pan Guangyu , Zhang Gen , Zhao Dianjiang , Xu Jianping , Li Diangyuan , Lu Bingheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of blood pool and myocardial rigid models made by stereolithography in the diagnosis of different types of congenital heart disease (CHD). Two modeling methods were applied in the diagnosis of 8 cases, and two control groups consisting of cardiac experts and cardiac students diagnosed the cases using computed tomography (CT), blood pool models, and myocardial models. The importance, suitability, simulation degree, and preference of different models were analyzed. The average diagnostic rate of CT and 3D printing in the 8 cases was 88.75% and 95.9% in the expert group and 60% and 91.6% in the student group, respectively. 3D printing was considered to be more important for the diagnosis of complex CHDs (very important; average, 87.8%) than simple CHDs (very important; average, 30.8%). Myocardial models were considered most realistic regarding the structure of the heart (average, 92.5%). In cases of congenital corrected transposition of great arteries, Williams syndrome, coronary artery fistula, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus, and coarctation of the aorta, blood pool models were considered more effective (average, 92.1%), while in cases of double outlet right ventricle and ventricular septal defect, myocardial models were considered optimal (average, 80%).
Cellulose Beads as Novel Support of Copper Active Site for the Catalytic Abatement of Water Emerging Contaminant
Authors: Devard Alejandra , Taleb M. Claudia , Olmos Graciela V. , Marchesini F. Albana , Gutierrez Laura B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Different regenerated cellulose (RC) beads were synthesized as supports of copper as the active site for catalytic degradation of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water. Starting from a commercial dissolving pulp, RC beads were prepared from the direct dissolution and from both cellulose carbamate and viscose solutions. Copper was added to the supports by a simple green method. The material characterization by FTIR, TGA, SEM and XPS confirmed the successful incorporation of copper in all the prepared supports. Phenol was adopted as EC test molecule, and catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) at 70°C was used to analyse the Cu-cellulosic beads catalytic performance. The novelty and importance of preparing bead-shape catalysts with cellulose reside in the use of an economic, renewable and biodegradable matrix, and the simple separation of the structured catalyst from the heterogeneous solid/liquid reaction media.
Upregulation of Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor B4 on Interstitial Macrophages in COPD; Their Possible Protective Role Against Emphysema Formation
Authors: Mitsune Ayumi , Yamada Mitsuhiro , Fujino Naoya , Numakura Tadahisa , Ichikawa Tomohiro , Suzuki Ayumi , Matsumoto Shuichiro , Mitsuhashi Yoshiya , Itakura Koji , Makiguchi Tomonori , Koarai Akira , Tamada Tsutomu , Endo Shota , Takai Toshiyuki , Okada Yoshinori , Suzuki Satoshi , Ichinose Masakazu , Sugiura Hisatoshi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) is one of the inhibitory receptors in various types of immune cells including macrophages. Previous reports suggested that LILRB4 could be involved in a negative feedback system to prevent excessive inflammatory responses. However, its role has been unclear in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in which macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to examine the changes of LILRB4 on macrophages both in the lung specimens of COPD patients and the lungs of a mouse emphysema model. We then tried to compare the differences in both inflammation and emphysematous changes of the model between wild-type and LILRB4-deficient mice in order to elucidate the role of LILRB4 in the pathogenesis of COPD.Methods: We prepared single-cell suspensions of resected lung specimens of never-smokers (n = 21), non-COPD smokers (n = 16), and COPD patients (n = 14). The identification of LILRB4-expressing cells and the level of LILRB4 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry. We analyzed the relationships between the LILRB4 expression and clinical characteristics including respiratory function. In the experiments using an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema, we also analyzed the LILRB4 expression on lung macrophages. We compared inflammatory cell accumulation and emphysematous changes induced by elastase instillation between wild-type and LILRB4-deficient mice.Results: The levels of surface expression of LILRB4 are relatively high on monocyte linage cells including macrophages in the human lungs. The percentage of LILRB4+ cells in lung interstitial macrophages was increased in COPD patients compared to non-COPD smokers (p = 0.018) and correlated with the severity of emphysematous lesions detected by CT scan (rs = 0.559, p < 0.001), whereas the amount of smoking showed no correlation with LILRB4 expression. Increased LILRB4 on interstitial macrophages was also observed in elastase-treated mice (p = 0.008). LILRB4-deficient mice showed severer emphysematous lesions with increased MMP-12 expression in the model.Conclusions: LILRB4 on interstitial macrophages was upregulated both in human COPD lungs and in a mouse model of emphysema. This upregulated LILRB4 may have a protective effect against emphysema formation, possibly through decreasing MMP-12 expression in the lungs.
Metal Coordination Bonds Crosslinked Polydopamine/Cellulose Nanofibril Composite Aerogels with Significantly Improved Thermal Stability, Flame Resistance, and Thermal Insulation Properties
Authors: Han Fuyi , Huang Hong , Wang Yan , Liu Lifang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) aerogels have attracted great interests in recent years due to the low cost, sustainability and biocompatibility of raw CNFs. However, the poor thermal stability and flammable feature of CNF aerogels have limited their wider applications. In this paper, polydopamine/CNF composite aerogels with good comprehensive properties are fabricated by modification of CNF with polydopamine and metal coordination bonds crosslinking. The microstructure and properties of composite aerogels are thoroughly characterized by a variety of tests. It is found that the microstructure of aerogels are more regular and the compressive strength of aerogels are enhanced by the incorporation of polydopamine and Fe3+ crosslinking. Importantly, the thermal stability and flame resistance of aerogels are significantly improved, which permit the application of composite aerogels in high-temperature thermal insulation. In addition, the reversible characteristic of metal coordination bonds allows the water induced healing of fractured composite aerogels. This study is expected to provide information for future development of green and high-performance aerogels.
Weight Stigma and Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Among Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Individuals
Authors: Carels Robert , Shonrock Abigail MT , Miller J Caroline , Byrd J. Rhonda , Carraway Marissa , Sall Kayla E , Wuensch Karl L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The current study aims to examine weight stigma and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals and heterosexual men and women. Methods: The sample consisted of heterosexual and LGB men and women. Participants were drawn from introductory psychology classes and a variety of supplemental recruitment methods (Facebook, Instagram, Reddit, MTURK, etc.). Results: Individuals identifying as male and individuals identifying as heterosexual had significantly greater weight bias than individuals identifying as female and individuals identifying as LGB. Additional gender identity and sexual orientation mean group differences among sociocultural attitudes were observed. While there were modest associations between weight bias and overall sociocultural attitudes, gender identity and sexual orientation had little impact on the strength of these associations. Conclusion: This investigation contributes to knowledge of the impact of gender identity and sexual orientation on weight stigma and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance.Level of EvidenceIII: Evidence obtained from cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Electron Ultra-High Dose Rate FLASH And Conventional Irradiation Induce Distinct Regulations of Inflammatory Cytokines And CD8 T Lymphocytes Ratio In Mice
Authors: Xie De-Huan , Li Yi-Chuan , Ma Sai , Yang Xin , Lan Ruo-Ming , Mei Yan , Peng Li-Xia , Chen Ao-Qiang , Lang Yan-Hong , Li Zuo-Feng , Huang Bi-Jun , Chen Yan , Huang Xiao-Yan , Qian Chao-Nan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiation has been shown to cause less normal tissue damage compared with conventional irradiation, also termed “FLASH effect”. However, the underlying mechanism was scarcely known. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether FLASH and conventional irradiation would induce differential inflammatory cytokines expression. Materials and methods: Female FvB mice were randomly assigned to three different groups: non-irradiated control, conventional (CONV) and FLASH groups. Mice were irradiated at 6 to 19 Gy of CONV (0.1 Gy/s) or FLASH (38.5-600 Gy/s) irradiation using an Elekta Synergy linac (6 MeV). Mice were immobilized in prone position in a custom-designed applicator with dosimetry films positioned under the body. Dose were verified by Gafchromic films. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed in serum samples of the mice at 6, 18 and 31 days after irradiation for four inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10. Flow cytometry using antibodies for CD3, CD8, CD4 and CD45 in blood were performed pre- and 1-week post irradiation. Results: At D6 (18-19 Gy), both IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated, and IL-10 was reduced in FLASH and CONV group, while IFN-γ was only significantly increased in conventional group, compared with control group. At D18 (10 Gy) and D31 (13-19 Gy), conventional RT significantly elevated levels of IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α and reduced IL-10 level compared with FLASH group and control group. Additionally, even low dose conventional irradiation (13 Gy) could induce higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower level of anti-inflammatory cytokine than high dose (17-19 Gy) FLASH irradiation at D31. Flow cytometry showed that the CD8+/CD45+ ratio in the blood were higher in the conventional than in FLASH. These data indicate that minor inflammatory cytokine levels of serum in FLASH could be result of the absent of immune overactivation induced by conventional irradiation. Conclusions: Ultra-high dose rate electron FLASH caused less inflammatory cytokine levels of serum which might be a result from less CD8+/CD45+ ratio in the blood. Thus, differential cytokines and CD8+ T cell expression between FLASH and conventional irradiation would be a potential mechanism for “FLASH effect”.
Modeling and Forecast of COVID-19 Vaccinations Population Size in China: A Non-Clinical Study
Authors: Du Wenbin , Hua Fengrui , Xu Shengyuan , Wu You 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDSince its outbreak in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has considerably affected the worldwide population. Health authorities and the medical community identify vaccines as an effective tool for managing public health.METHODSIn this study, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model built-in Python was adopted to establish the COVID-19 vaccination forecast model. In this study, the sample data were selected from the Our World in Data website. COVID-19 vaccinations administered daily in China from December 16, 2020 to March 21, 2021 were analyzed to establish an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model.RESULTSThe built-in ARIMA module function of Python was used, and the optimum model was ARIMA (3, 2, 3) according to the established time series analysis. The analysis showed that the predicted COVID-19 vaccination uptake supplemented well with the actual values with a small relative error.CONCLUSIONSThis indicated that the ARIMA(3, 2, 3) model could be used to forecast the number of COVID-19 vaccinations in China.
Choroidal and Retinal Thickness in Patients with Vitamin C Deficiency
Authors: Qian Yiwen , Wang Luoziyi , Qiang Xinfang , Weng Huan , Jiang Jing , Che Xin , Li Qingjian , Wang Zhiliang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: to investigate the effects of vitamin C on central retinal thickness and choroidal thickness.Methods: A total of 72 patients diagnosed with vitamin C deficiency and 1:1 age- and gender-matched 72 healthy individuals with normal serum vitamin C were included in this study. Demographic characteristics of the individuals were collected. All patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Subfoveal choroidal thickness and retinal thickness were measured using a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Results: The average retinal thickness was 268.96 ± 14.01um in the vitamin C deficiency group and 276.69 ± 13.28um in the control group. The average choroidal thickness was 195.06 ± 66.35um in the in the vitamin C deficiency group and 238.53 ± 56.20um in the control group. There was a significant decrease in both average choroidal thickness and retinal thickness in vitamin C deficiency group compared with normal individuals (p < 0.001, and = 0.003 respectively).Conclusion: The central retinal and choroidal thickness were thinner in vitamin C deficiency group compared with normal individuals. These findings suggested that vitamin C deficiency might play an important role in retinal and choroidal diseases.
Effect of Landscape Fragmentation on Soil Quality and Ecosystem Services in Land Use and Landform Types
Authors: Mirghaed Fazlolah Ahmadi , Souri Bubak 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study was carried out according to the following objectives in the Shoor River Basin in southwestern Iran: (i) Evaluation of ecosystem services (ES) including habitat quality (HQ), carbon storage (CS), nutrient export (NE), and soil export (SE) using the InVEST approach as well as soil quality (SQ) using an integrated quality index; (ii) Assessment of the relationship between ES and SQ with landscape metrics using Pearson correlation test; and (iii) Investigation of the interaction between ES efficiency, SQ and landscape fragmentation using a ternary plot. The results showed that the northern and eastern parts of the region are prioritized for HQ, CS, and SQ but the southern and western parts for NE and SE. The highest ES efficiency and SQ were found for the forests as well as for the ridge/tops landforms. Statistical analysis clarified that there was a positive and significant relationship between HQ and CS (R>0.8) while the relationship of the two with NE was inverse and significant (-0.55<R<-0.50). The correlation between SE and NE was also positive and significant (R>0.50). SQ was also correlated positively and significantly with HQ and CS (0.43<R<0.5) while no relation with NE and SE was found. It was also perceived that increasing the landscape fragmentation decreases HQ, CS, and SQ but increases NE and SE. Besides, the interaction between ES, SQ, and landscape fragmentation across the sub-basins of the study area can change under the influence of the dominant land use and landform types.