bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring remote employees: implications for HR
Authors: Jeske Debora 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
More and more organizations have resorted to the employment of monitoring software to keep track of employees’ everyday performance and task completion. The current paper aims to outline the capabilities, pros and cons of monitoring for employees. Several recommendations for Human Resources (HR) professionals are outlined to inform best practice.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper summarizes recent literature and trends on electronic monitoring aimed at remote workers, focusing specifically on trends observed in the UK and the USA.

Findings
The number of pros and cons, as well as the resulting recommendations for HR professionals, outline how technology may aid – but also undermine – performance.

Originality/value
The summary of capabilities, pros and cons represents a snapshot of current monitoring practices. The recommendations will give readers an overview of all the aspects and factors that ought to be considered when monitoring software and related tools are selected.
Intraspecific allometries reveal hyper‐slender stems in forest gaps and the impact on tree growth from insect herbivores
Authors: Norghauer Julian M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConspicuously absent from plant allometric models are insect herbivores, despite their ubiquity in pantropical forests as well as the importance of gauging their impact on plant growth for understanding tree regeneration dynamics. Conceivably, the scaling relationships of plant populations with and without exposure to insects could be compared to gain insight, but this has yet to be tried. Here, I examined the size allometry of three canopy‐statured species (Fabaceae) by fitting standard major axis regressions of stem height, number of leaves, and maximum area per leaf against stem diameter (root collar) of their juveniles (seedlings/saplings) in 41 canopy gaps after ca. 2 years of herbivore exclusion (using mesh cages with mesh‐rooftop controls), in a central African forest. Herbivores did not change the slope or intercept, nor shift the location of Tetraberlinia bifoliolata and T. korupensis populations, whose seedlings tolerate shade well. In stark contrast, all three size allometries were altered in the faster‐growing Microberlinia bisulcata, whose seedlings cannot tolerate shade indefinitely. More pronounced than either an altered slope (scaling exponent) or intercept was the strong rightward shift in location (to larger sizes) of protected M. bisulcata, whereas its normal (control) population was left stunted, with fewer and smaller leaves. Nevertheless, all species had higher than theoretically predicted scaling exponents, even in the absence of herbivores, suggesting a convergent response early in tree ontogeny across the shade‐tolerance spectrum prioritizing height gain over mechanical stability in forest gaps. But insect herbivores were able to significantly strengthen this deviation in M. bisulcata, and perhaps in T. korupensis. These results demonstrate an allometric approach may prove useful for revealing how insects differentially impact trees' growth and form (slenderness) when they are most vulnerable to herbivory.
Strategic Network Orchestration in Emerging Markets: China's Catch‐up in the High‐Speed Train Industry
Authors: Rui Huaichuan , Bruyaka Olga 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransitioning from catch‐up in production to catch‐up in innovation capabilities is essential to emerging market firms (EMFs) achieving internationalization and a competitive advantage. While some EMFs are now positioned among the world's most advanced firms, many struggle to become independent innovators. Thus, understanding how EMFs can develop internal absorptive capacity and progress towards catching up in innovation capabilities remains important. Our study seizes this research opportunity and develops a network‐based explanation of catch‐up, which complements existing technological and organizational explanations. Specifically, we address the question of ‘How does the orchestration of collaborative networks enable EMFs to catch up in production and innovation capabilities?’ by describing an important yet under‐researched process of strategic network orchestration and showcasing the dynamic interdependencies between network orchestration and organizational learning. Our study provides a detailed account of Chinese high‐speed train (HST) development from 1990 to 2020 and opens the possibility for future research on network orchestration in emerging market contexts. This provides EMF managers with a set of actionable network orchestration mechanisms that can be used when designing and purposefully managing their strategic nets of domestic and foreign partners.
The role of communication transparency and organizational trust in publics' perceptions, attitudes and social distancing behaviour: A case study of the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Lee Yeunjae , Li Jo‐Yun Queenie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntegrating social cognitive theory and public relations literature, this study examines the effectiveness of organizations' transparent communication in building public trust and encouraging health‐protection behaviours (i.e. social distancing) during a pandemic, that is, the COVID‐19 outbreak. Three aspects of transparent communication are investigated, namely information substantiality, accountability and participation. Results of an online survey of American citizens show that during the early stage of COVID‐19, information substantiality by state governments and health institutes (e.g., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) increases publics' trust, which positively influences their perceived risks, behavioural control and subjective norms. The participation of health institutes, rather than state governments, significantly increases public trust, whereas accountability has no effects. Individuals' perceptions and attitudes towards social distancing predict their social distancing behaviour during the outbreak. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The FAST‐M complex intervention for the detection and management of maternal sepsis in low‐resource settings: a multi‐site evaluation
Authors: Cheshire J , Jones L , Munthali L , Kamphinga C , Liyaya H , Phiri T , Parry‐Smith W , Dunlop C , Makwenda C , Devall AJ , Tobias A , Nambiar B , Merriel A , Williams HM , Gallos I , Wilson A , Coomarasamy A , Lissauer D 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the implementation of the FAST‐M complex intervention was feasible and improved the recognition and management of maternal sepsis in a low‐resource setting.DesignA before‐and‐after design.SettingFifteen government healthcare facilities in Malawi.PopulationWomen suspected of having maternal sepsis.MethodsThe FAST‐M complex intervention consisted of the following components: the FAST‐M maternal sepsis treatment bundle and the FAST‐M implementation programme. Performance of selected process outcomes was compared between a 2‐month baseline phase and 6‐month intervention phase with compliance used as a proxy measure of feasibility.Main outcome resultCompliance with vital sign recording and use of the FAST‐M maternal sepsis bundle.ResultsFollowing implementation of the FAST‐M intervention, women were more likely to have a complete set of vital signs taken on admission to the wards (0/163 [0%] versus 169/252 [67.1%], P < 0.001). Recognition of suspected maternal sepsis improved with more cases identified following the intervention (12/106 [11.3%] versus 107/166 [64.5%], P < 0.001). Sepsis management improved, with women more likely to receive all components of the FAST‐M treatment bundle within 1 hour of recognition (0/12 [0%] versus 21/107 [19.6%], P = 0.091). In particular, women were more likely to receive antibiotics (3/12 [25.0%] versus 72/107 [67.3%], P = 0.004) within 1 hour of recognition of suspected sepsis.ConclusionImplementation of the FAST‐M complex intervention was feasible and led to the improved recognition and management of suspected maternal sepsis in a low‐resource setting such as Malawi.Tweetable AbstractImplementation of a sepsis care bundle for low‐resources improved recognition & management of maternal sepsis.
Physician network connections to specialists and HIV quality of care
Authors: Stecher Chad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate novel measures of generalist physicians’ network connectedness to HIV specialists and their associations with two dimensions of HIV quality of care.Data SourcesMedicare and Medicaid claims and the American Medical Association Masterfile data on people living with HIV (PLWH) and the physicians providing their HIV care in California between 2007 and 2010.Study DesignI construct regional patient‐sharing physician networks from the shared treatment of PLWH and calculate (a) measures of network connectedness to all physician types and (b) specialty‐weighted measures to describe connectedness to HIV specialists. Two HIV quality of care outcomes are then evaluated: medication quality (prescribing antiretroviral drugs from at least two drug classes) and monitoring quality (at least two annual HIV virus monitoring scans). Linear probability models estimate the associations between network statistics and the two dimensions of HIV quality of care, and a policy simulation demonstrates the importance of these statistical relationships. These analyses include 16 124 PLWH, 3240 generalists, and 1031 HIV specialists.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsPLWH are identified from claims for patients with any indication of HIV using an existing algorithm from the literature.Principal FindingsGeneralists’ network connectedness to HIV specialists is positively related with their own HIV medication quality; one additional HIV specialist connection is associated with a 1.46 percentage point (SE 0.42, P < .01) increase in generalist's medication quality. Based on the estimated associations, a simulated policy that increases connectedness between generalists and HIV specialists reduces the annual rate of HIV infections by up to 6%, roughly 290 fewer infections per year. Only network connectedness to all physician types is associated with improved monitoring quality.ConclusionsNetwork connectedness to HIV specialists is positively associated with generalists’ HIV medication quality, which suggests that specialists provide clinical support through patient‐sharing for complex treatment protocol.
Two putative fatty acid synthetic genes of BgFas3 and BgElo1 are responsible for respiratory waterproofing in Blattella germanica
Authors: Pei Xiao‐Jin , Bai Tian‐Tian , Zhang Zhan‐Feng , Chen Nan , Li Sheng , Fan Yong‐Liang , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWater retention is critical for physiological homeostasis and survival in terrestrial insects. While deposition of hydrocarbons on insect cuticles as a key measure for water conservation has been extensively investigated, we know little about other mechanisms for preventing water loss in insects. Here, we report two fatty acid synthetic genes that are independent of hydrocarbon production but crucial for water retention in the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.). First, an integument enriched fatty acid elongase gene (BgElo1) was identified as a critical gene for desiccation resistance in B. germanica; however, knockdown of BgElo1 surprisingly failed to cause a decline in cuticular lipids. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi)‐knockdown of an upstream fatty acid synthase gene (BgFas3) showed a similar phenotype, and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that BgFas3‐ or BgElo1‐RNAi did not affect cuticle architecture. Bodyweight loss test showed that repression of BgFas3 and BgElo1 significantly increased the weight loss rate, but the difference disappeared when the respiration was closed by freeze killing the cockroaches. A water immersion test was performed, and we found that BgFas3‐ and BgElo1‐RNAi made it difficult for cockroaches to recover from drowning, which was supported by the upregulation of hypoxia‐related genes after a 10‐h recovery from drowning. Moreover, a dyeing assay with water‐soluble Eosin Y showed that this was caused by the entry of water into the respiratory system. Our research suggests that BgFas3 and BgElo1 are required for both inward and outward waterproofing of the respiratory system. This study benefits the understanding of water retention mechanisms in insects.
Nutritional interventions for oral mucositis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Edwards Anna , Santos Claire , Chen An‐Yang , Bauer Judith 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimOral mucositis is a debilitating side‐effect of conventional cancer treatment, particularly of the head and neck region. This review aimed to evaluate existing evidence to identify optimal nutritional interventions for oral mucositis management in adult populations receiving treatment for cancer.MethodsCINAHL, PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched from database inception to July 2019, with each eligible article critically appraised for risk of bias and assigned a quality rating. Certainty of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.ResultsTwenty‐three articles were identified (total unique study participants n = 7605). Nine intervention areas were identified. Certainty of evidence was moderate for oral cryotherapy in patients with solid or haematological cancers receiving 5‐Fluorouracil or high‐dose Melphalan chemotherapy prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation; and low for zinc supplementation for patients with oral cancer undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Moderate certainty of evidence exists to recommend against glutamine supplementation in all cancer patients.ConclusionResearch must determine the safety and efficacy of identified interventions to guide clinical practice. Addressing limitations requires larger, higher‐quality trials to increase evidence certainty.
Goal energy intake for medically compromised patients with eating disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Chan Hei Man , Jaffe Jane Liliana , D'Souza Natasha Jane , Lowe Joshua Rhys , Matthews‐Rensch Kylie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimCurrent Australian eating disorder guidelines recommend a “high” energy goal intake of 12 MJ/day, however, it is unclear whether a “high” energy goal is beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of goal energy intakes <12 MJ/day (low energy) compared with ≥12 MJ/day (high energy) on body composition, midarm muscle circumference, frequency of medical complications, refeeding syndrome, length of stay, body mass index (BMI) and weight gain for patients with medically compromised eating disorders.MethodsFive electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science) were searched in April, 2020. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.ResultsFour cohort studies were included (n = 656); three were rated positive and one neutral in terms of individual study bias. Evidence for the impact of higher and lower energy protocols on body fat percentage, midarm muscle circumference, frequency of medical complications, incidence of refeeding syndrome, length of stay, BMI and weight gain was of very low certainty. The certainty of evidence was downgraded to very low due to very serious risk of bias, inconsistency and imprecision.ConclusionsThis review found very low certainty of evidence to support the use of high energy goal intakes for patients with medically compromised eating disorders. More robust research is warranted to establish if there are clear clinical and psychological benefits of higher energy goal intakes.
The combined impact of calcium lactate with cysteine pretreatment and perforation‐mediated modified atmosphere packaging on quality preservation of fresh‐cut ‘Romaine’ lettuce
Authors: Salemi Bahareh , Sedaghat Naser , Varidi Mohammad Javad , Mousavi Seyed Mahmoud , Tabatabaei Yazdi Farideh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of perforation‐mediated modified atmosphere packaging (PM‐MAP) in combination with calcium lactate (1.5% CaL) and cysteine (0.1, 0.5% Cys) immersion pretreatments on the quality preservation of fresh‐cut ‘Romaine’ lettuce was assessed for 12 days, at 5 and 10 °C. The shredded lettuce was packed in low‐density polyethylene films (LDPE, 62 µm thickness), including different perforation numbers of 0 (N‐MAP), 20 (20‐PM‐MAP, Diameter = 64 µm), and 40 (40‐PM‐MAP, Diameter = 64µm) per in square meter. Indices of quality maintenance were investigated. The total microbial counts were below the specified limits for ready‐to‐eat vegetables (< 6 log CFU/g) considering both pretreated 20‐PM‐MAP and N‐MAP samples on day 12. After 8 days, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the browning index (BI), the total color difference (ΔE), and the chlorophyll content between N‐MAP and 20‐PM‐MAP samples with better results in 20‐PM‐MA packages. At 10 °C, the BI in pretreated 20‐PM‐MAP samples was 32.44% to 58.35% less than N‐MAP samples, on the last day of storage. The 20‐PM‐MAP samples pretreated with 1.5% CaL/0.5% Cys had the highest (P < 0.05) crispness coefficient and water content values. It seems that packaging the pretreated lettuce in 20‐PM‐MA packages is more effective for maintaining the visual properties (green fresh appearance) of this product, from the 8th to the 12th day of storage.Practical ApplicationThe medium to high respiration rate of fresh‐cut lettuce causes O2 level drops below its tolerance limit (<1% to 3%) inside the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). It results in severe browning, off‐odors, off‐flavor, and growth of anaerobiosis. Perforated‐mediated modified atmosphere packaging (PM‐MAP) technology can be introduced as an alternative to a nonperforated MAP system (conventional MAP) for fresh‐cut lettuce. The application of the PM‐MAP system in combination with calcium lactate and cysteine immersion pretreatment (CaL/Cys) may lead to better maintenance of the physicochemical properties of this product.
Role of the IAEA in education and training of radiotherapy professionals in Asia Pacific
Authors: Prajogi Gregorius Ben , Loreti Giorgia , Zubizarreta Eduardo , van der Merwe Debbie 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIn partnership with the Regional Co‐operative Agreement for Research, Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology (RCA), the IAEA has been supporting Member States in the Asia and Pacific region to prepare, initiate and expand radiotherapy services safely and effectively. Education and training are essential components in IAEA‐RCA projects and have been delivered through various initiatives both online and offline. In addition to building capacity and enabling technology transfer, these initiatives provided opportunities to foster collaboration at the regional level, leading to the initiation of professional societies and education/training schemes.
Spatial‐Temporal Ground Deformation Study of Baotou Based on the PS‐InSAR Method
Authors: GE Weili , LI Yuanjie , WANG Zhichao , ZHANG Chunming , YANG Honglei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGround subsidence is an emerging geological hazard in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Four areas of Baotou with relatively large subsidence range and rate were selected for analysis. Focusing on investigation of ground subsidence using PS‐InSAR technology, a total of 43 frames of ALOS PALSAR images yielded a SAR data span from December 2006 to January 2011, allowing ground subsidence scope, subsidence velocity, time‐series deformation to be obtained. Major causes and influencing factors of the ground subsidence are closely related to soft soil consolidation and compaction and the decrease in the level of groundwater caused by increased development and utilization of groundwater.
Zircon U‐Pb Age, Geochemical, and Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf Isotopic Constraints on the Time Frame and Origin of Early Cretaceous Mafic Dykes in the Wuling Mountain Gravity Lineament, South China
Authors: CHEN Xiaoqing , LIU Shen , FENG Caixia , XU Jingyan , ZHAO Huibo , FENG Guangying , COULSON Ian M. , SUN Jinggui , FAN Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn view of the importance of mafic dyke swarms and their contribution to current scientific problems relating to South China, herein, we present the findings of studies on twenty–five representative mafic dykes cropping out in Hunan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, within the southern Wuling Mountain gravity lineament, China. These results include new zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb age, whole rock geochemical, Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic, and zircon Hf isotopic data for these dykes. The dykes formed between 131.5 ± 1.2 and 121.6 ± 1.1 Ma, and have typical doleritic textures. They fall into the alkaline and shoshonitic series, are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE), some large ion lithophile elements (LILE; e.g., Rb, Ba, and Sr), Th, U, and Pb, and are depleted in Nb, Ta, Hf, and Ti. Moreover, the dolerites have high initial87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7055–0.7057), negative∊Nd(t) and zircon∊Hf(t) values (–14.8 to –11.9, –30.4 to –14.9), and relatively constant initial Pb isotopic ratios (that are EM1‐like, 16.77–16.94, 15.43–15.47, and 36.84–36.92 for206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb, and208Pb/204Pb, respectively). These results indicate that the dykes were likely derived from magma generated through low‐degree partial melting (1.0%–10%) of an EM1‐like garnet–lherzolite mantle source. The parental magmas fractionated olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and Ti‐bearing phases with negligible crustal contamination, during ascent and dyke emplacement. Several possible models have been proposed to explain the origin of Mesozoic magmatism along the Wuling Mountain gravity lineament. Herein we propose a reasonable model for the origin of these mafic dykes, involving the collision between the paleo‐Pacific Plate and South China, which led to subsequent lithospheric extension and asthenosphere upwelling, resulting in partial melting the underlying mantle lithosphere in the Early Cretaceous, to form the parental magmas to the WMGL mafic dykes, as studied.
Numerical Study of Gas Production from a Methane Hydrate Reservoir Using Depressurization with Multi‐wells
Authors: SHANG Shilong , GU Lijuan , LU Hailong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the implementation of the production tests in permafrost and offshore regions in Canada, US, Japan, and China, the study of natural gas hydrate has progressed into the stage of technology development for industrial exploitation. The depressurization method is considered as a better strategy to produce gas from hydrate reservoirs based on production tests and laboratory experiments. Multi‐well production is proposed to improve gas production efficiency, to meet the requirement for industrial production. For evaluating the applicability of multi‐well production to hydrate exploitation, a 2D model is established, with numerical simulations of the performance of the multi‐well pattern carried out. To understand the dissociation behavior of gas hydrate, the pressure and temperature distributions in the hydrate reservoir are specified, and the change in permeability of reservoir sediments is investigated. The results obtained indicate that multi‐well production can improve the well connectivity, accelerate hydrate dissociation, enhance gas production rate and reduce water production as compared with single‐well production.