bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality, duration of the hominin occupations and hunting grounds at Middle Pleistocene Qesem Cave (Israel)
Authors: Rivals Florent , Blasco Ruth , Rosell Jordi , Efrati Bar , Gopher Avi , Barkai Ran 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe behaviour and mobility of hominins are dependent on the availability of biotic and abiotic resources, which, in temperate ecosystems, are strongly related to seasonality. The objective of this study is to establish evidence of seasonality and duration of occupation(s) of specific archaeological contexts at late Lower Palaeolithic Qesem Cave based on the study of ungulate teeth. Combining individual ageing using dental eruption and replacement with variability measurement of tooth microwear, we estimated the seasonality of occupations at different levels of the site and their relative duration. Information about the diet of the ungulates and the habitats where they were hunted was also derived from tooth mesowear and microwear analyses. In the different tooth assemblages analysed, where the fallow deer was the most abundant herbivorous species, animals were selectively hunted in specific habitats. For example, the fallow deer individuals brought back to the Hearth area had a different diet than those found in other parts of the cave. The Hearth area seems to have been used seasonally, probably during short-term events and more than once a year. The other areas of the cave show different seasons of game procurement and different patterns of occupation of the site, possibly more than once a year or, alternatively, for a longer period. The data suggest that Qesem Cave was inhabited by human groups for a long period, perhaps not continuously, and their knowledge of the environment surrounding the cave allowed them to allocate specific game, most probably from distinct hunting grounds, to designated activity areas at the cave. We hypothesise that the difference in feeding locations might have been related to specific needs of the cave inhabitants (food, hide and marrow extraction), and thus, animals from different hunting grounds were wisely used to maximise the potential of specific habitats in the environment. This study is an additional testimony to the ingenuity of the cave inhabitants that allowed them to persistently use the cave for a prolonged period in a year.
Serine and one-carbon metabolisms bring new therapeutic venues in prostate cancer
Authors: Ganini Carlo , Amelio Ivano , Bertolo Riccardo , Candi Eleonora , Cappello Angela , Cipriani Chiara , Mauriello Alessandro , Marani Carla , Melino Gerry , Montanaro Manuela , Natale Maria Emanuela , Tisone Giuseppe , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying , Bove Pierluigi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSerine and one-carbon unit metabolisms are essential biochemical pathways implicated in fundamental cellular functions such as proliferation, biosynthesis of important anabolic precursors and in general for the availability of methyl groups. These two distinct but interacting pathways are now becoming crucial in cancer, the de novo cytosolic serine pathway and the mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism. Apart from their role in physiological conditions, such as epithelial proliferation, the serine metabolism alterations are associated to several highly neoplastic proliferative pathologies. Accordingly, prostate cancer shows a deep rearrangement of its metabolism, driven by the dependency from the androgenic stimulus. Several new experimental evidence describes the role of a few of the enzymes involved in the serine metabolism in prostate cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to analyze gene and protein expression data publicly available from large cancer specimens dataset, in order to further dissect the potential role of the abovementioned metabolism in the complex reshaping of the anabolic environment in this kind of neoplasm. The data suggest a potential role as biomarkers as well as in cancer therapy for the genes (and enzymes) belonging to the one-carbon metabolism in the context of prostatic cancer.
Kurz erklärt: Measuring Data Changes in Data Engineering and their Impact on Explainability and Algorithm Fairness
Authors: Klettke Meike , Lutsch Adrian , Störl Uta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractData engineering is an integral part of any data science and ML process. It consists of several subtasks that are performed to improve data quality and to transform data into a target format suitable for analysis. The quality and correctness of the data engineering steps is therefore important to ensure the quality of the overall process.In machine learning processes requirements such as fairness and explainability are essential. The answers to these must also be provided by the data engineering subtasks. In this article, we will show how these can be achieved by logging, monitoring and controlling the data changes in order to evaluate their correctness. However, since data preprocessing algorithms are part of any machine learning pipeline, they must obviously also guarantee that they do not produce data biases.In this article we will briefly introduce three classes of methods for measuring data changes in data engineering and present which research questions still remain unanswered in this area.
An analytical model to determine the impact force of drone strikes
Authors: Franke Florian , Schwab Michael , Burger Uli , Hühne Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn addition to the well-known threats of bird and hail strikes, small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV) pose a new threat to manned aviation. Determining the severity of collisions between sUAVs and aircraft structures is essential for the safe use and integration of drones in airspace. A generic analytical calculation model needs to be developed to supplement the existing test and simulation data. This paper presents an analytic model for drone collisions with perpendicular and inclined targets. The targets have a rigid or elastic material behavior. The aircraft impact model, which is used for the design of nuclear reactor structures, is transferred and adjusted for sUAV impacts to calculate the impact force. A mass- and a burst load distribution are needed as input parameters. Both distributions are determined for an sUAV design depending on the flight direction. Compared to previous calculations, the new approach is to consider a moving target structure, which produces more realistic results. We compare the calculation results with simulation data from sUAV collisions with a commercial airliner windshield from the literature. The calculations show plausible results and a good agreement with literature data. Subsequently, the influence of the input parameters on the impact force is investigated. We see that spring stiffness, target mass, burst load distribution and damping have minor influence on the overall impact force. The impact velocity, mass distribution and flight orientation on the other hand have a major influence on the impact force. Further tests are needed to validate the impact model.
Optical Characterization of DebriSat Fragments in Support of Orbital Debris Environmental Models
Authors: Cowardin Heather M. , Hostetler John M. , Murray James I. , Reyes Jacqueline A. , Cruz Corbin L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe NASA Orbital Debris Program Office (ODPO) develops, maintains, and updates orbital debris environmental models, such as the NASA Orbital Debris Engineering Model (ORDEM), to support satellite designers and operators by estimating the risk from orbital debris impacts on their vehicles in orbit. Updates to ORDEM utilize the most recent validated datasets from radar, optical, and in situ sources to provide estimates of the debris flux as a function of size, material density, impact speed, and direction along a mission orbit. On-going efforts within the NASA ODPO to update the next version of ORDEM include a new parameter that highly affects the damage risk – shape. Shape can be binned by material density and size to better understand the damage assessments on spacecraft. The in situ and laboratory research activities at the NASA ODPO are focused on cataloging and characterizing fragments from a laboratory hypervelocity-impact test using a high-fidelity, mock-up satellite, DebriSat, in controlled and instrumented laboratory conditions. DebriSat is representative of present-day, low Earth orbit satellites, having been constructed with modern spacecraft materials and techniques. The DebriSat fragment ensemble provides a variety of shapes, bulk densities, and dimensions. Fragments down to 2 mm in size are being characterized by their physical and derived properties. A subset of fragments is being analyzed further in NASA’s Optical Measurement Center (OMC) using broadband, bidirectional reflectance measurements to provide insight into the optical-based NASA Size Estimation Model. Additionally, pre-impact spectral measurements on a subset of DebriSat materials were acquired for baseline material characterization. This paper provides an overview of DebriSat, the status of the project, and ongoing fragment characterization efforts within the OMC.
A generalized TODIM-ELECTRE II method based on linguistic Z-numbers and Dempster–Shafer evidence theory with unknown weight information
Authors: Liu Zhengmin , Bi Yawen , Wang Xinya , Sha Linbin , Liu Peide 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHow to effectively reflect the randomness and reliability of decision information under uncertain circumstances, and thereby improve the accuracy of decision-making in complex decision scenarios, has become a crucial topic in the field of uncertain decision-making. In this article, the loss –aversion behavior of decision-makers and the non-compensation between attributes are considered. Furthermore, a novel generalized TODIM-ELECTRE II method under the linguistic Z-numbers environment is proposed based on Dempster–Shafer evidence theory for multi-criteria group decision-making problems with unknown weight information. Firstly, the evaluation information and its reliability are provided simultaneously by employing linguistic Z-numbers, which have the ability to capture the arbitrariness and vagueness of natural verbal information. Then, the evaluation information is used to derive basic probability assignments in Dempster–Shafer evidence theory, and with the consideration of both inner and outer reliability, this article employed Dempster’s rule to fuse evaluations. Subsequently, a generalized TODIM-ELECTRE II method is conceived under the linguistic Z-numbers environment, which considers both compensatory effects between attributes and the bounded rationality of decision-makers. In addition, criteria weights are obtained by applying Deng entropy which has the ability to deal with uncertainty. Finally, an example of terminal wastewater solidification technology selection is offered to prove this framework’s availability and robustness. The predominance is also verified by a comparative analysis with several existing methods.
Learning-based classification of multispectral images for deterioration mapping of historic structures
Authors: Adamopoulos Efstathios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe conservation of historic structures requires detailed knowledge of their state of preservation. Documentation of deterioration makes it possible to identify risk factors and interpret weathering mechanisms. It is usually performed using non-destructive methods such as mapping of surface features. The automated mapping of deterioration is a direction not often explored, especially when the investigated architectural surfaces present a multitude of deterioration forms and consist of heterogeneous materials, which significantly complicates the generation of thematic decay maps. This work combines reflectance imaging and supervised segmentation, based on machine learning methods, to automatically segment deterioration patterns on multispectral image composites, using a weathered historic fortification as a case study. Several spectral band combinations and image classification techniques (regression, decision tree, and ensemble learning algorithmic implementations) are evaluated to propose an accurate approach. The automated thematic mapping facilitates the spatial and semantic description of the deterioration patterns. Furthermore, the utilization of low-cost photographic equipment and easily operable digital image processing software adds to the practicality and agility of the presented methodology.
Das Zusammenspiel individuellen und organisationalen Lernens – Ein Review der neueren Literatur
Authors: Mynarek Felix , Steckel Jennifer , Grandpierre Axel , Häring Karin 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung des Lernens in und von Organisationen verdeutlicht sich in der hohen Anzahl wissenschaftlicher Publikationen und ist ebenso in den Bemühungen von Organisationen, organisationales Lernen in den Fokus zu nehmen, erkennbar. Organisationales Lernen soll dazu beitragen, sich nachhaltig verbessern zu können, agiler und resilienter zu werden. Das Literatur-Review zielt darauf ab, die Bedeutung des Lernens im Zeitraum 2016–2021 mithilfe der Datenbanken ScienceDirect, Sage Journals und Wiley von einer individuellen bis hin zu einer organisationalen Ebene zu untersuchen und hier insbesondere Faktoren zu identifizieren, die das Zusammenspiel der drei Akteursebenen (Individuum, Gruppe, Organisation) beeinflussen und damit organisationales Lernen bedingen. Das Literatur-Review zeigt auf, dass Lernen in Organisationen zum einen auf dem Zusammenspiel der genannten Ebenen gedacht werden muss und zum anderen sowohl individuelle, gruppenbasierte als auch organisationale Faktoren einen Einfluss auf das Lernen haben. Die Ergebnisse lassen insbesondere den Schluss zu, dass die Interaktion in der Organisation und dabei der Wissensaustausch bzw. das Teilen von Wissen zu den relevanten Einflussfaktoren organisationalen Lernens gehören.Praktische Relevanz: Organisationen sehen sich mit einem dynamischen Umfeld und komplexen Fragestellungen konfrontiert. Gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche und technologische Neuerungen mit teils disruptivem Charakter erfordern von ihnen, ihre Fähigkeit zur Resilienz zu verstärken und organisationales Lernen strategisch zu nutzen.
Colour Calibration of a Head Mounted Display for Colour Vision Research Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Gil Rodríguez Raquel , Bayer Florian , Toscani Matteo , Guarnera Dar’ya , Guarnera Giuseppe Claudio , Gegenfurtner Karl R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) technology offers vision researchers the opportunity to conduct immersive studies in simulated real-world scenes. However, an accurate colour calibration of the VR head mounted display (HMD), both in terms of luminance and chromaticity, is required to precisely control the presented stimuli. Such a calibration presents significant new challenges, for example, due to the large field of view of the HMD, or the software implementation used for scene rendering, which might alter the colour appearance of objects. Here, we propose a framework for calibrating an HMD using an imaging colorimeter, the I29 (Radiant Vision Systems, Redmond, WA, USA). We examine two scenarios, both with and without using a rendering software for visualisation. In addition, we present a colour constancy experiment design for VR through a gaming engine software, Unreal Engine 4. The colours of the objects of study are chosen according to the previously defined calibration. Results show a high-colour constancy performance among participants, in agreement with recent studies performed on real-world scenarios. Our studies show that our methodology allows us to control and measure the colours presented in the HMD, effectively enabling the use of VR technology for colour vision research.
Inventory and Comparison of Performance Indicators in Circular Economy Roadmaps of the European Countries
Authors: Smol Marzena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
European Union (EU) is in the process of transformation toward a circular economy (CE), which is a regenerative growth model that gives back to the planet more than it takes. Member States are key players in this process; therefore, next to the EU Action Plan, they developed national strategies (roadmaps) toward the CE. The paper presents an inventory of performance indicators, which have been indicated in the selected CE national strategies. The EU countries strongly underline the necessity to access the transformation progress with the use of CE indicators at different levels (macro, meso, or/and micro) or for different actions or objectives. There is a lack of one universal indicator which measures a level of the CE transformation at the national level due to the complexity of this issue and the diversity of key sectors and economic actors in the individual countries. There are some proposed indicators that could be used in other countries, to shape national monitoring frameworks by policy-makers. However, to access the transformation process on the European level showing the comparison between different countries, it is recommended to use the CE monitoring framework because it contains the set of CE indicators that provide uniform data and holistic view of all countries in Europe.
Themes in data strategy: thematic analysis of ‘A European Strategy for Data’ (EC)
Authors: Carvalho Graca , Kazim Emre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn March 2021, the European Commission announced Europe's Digital Decade (Europe’s Digital Decade: Commission sets the course towards a digitally empowered Europe by 2030. European Commission Press Release. Access on https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_983). Here the Commission sets the course towards a digitally empowered Europe by 2030. In February 2020, the European Commission published ‘A European Strategy for Data’ (European data strategy: Making the EU a role model for a society empowered by data. European Commission, February 2020. Access on: https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019–2024/europe-fit-digital-age/european-data-strategy_en (2020)) as part of a wider drive concerning digital transformation and policy. In this article, we analyse the publication as it touches on broader themes ranging from digital literacy, to cloud infrastructure and artificial intelligence. Within this context, in this article, we use the EC publication as a point of departure to explore themes central to national and international digital transformation and policy writ large. As such, this article is to be read as a thematic analysis rather than a close reading of the EC’s publication. The article is divided into three parts: an executive findings and recommendations section (where our main findings are articled); Themes and Key Takeaways (where we thematically flesh out the document); and, EU Data Strategy document summary (where we provide an overview summary the document itself).
Statistical Inferences Using Effect Sizes in Human Endothelial Function Research
Authors: Cherubini Joshua M. , MacDonald Maureen J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Magnitudes of change in endothelial function research can be articulated using effect size statistics. Effect sizes are commonly used in reference to Cohen’s seminal guidelines of small (d = 0.2), medium (d = 0.5), and large (d = 0.8). Quantitative analyses of effect size distributions across various research disciplines have revealed values differing from Cohen’s original recommendations. Here we examine effect size distributions in human endothelial function research, and the magnitude of small, medium, and large effects for macro and microvascular endothelial function.

Methods
Effect sizes reported as standardized mean differences were extracted from meta research available for endothelial function. A frequency distribution was constructed to sort effect sizes. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles were used to derive small, medium, and large effects. Group sample sizes and publication year from primary studies were also extracted to observe any potential trends, related to these factors, in effect size reporting in endothelial function research.

Results
Seven hundred fifty-two effect sizes were extracted from eligible meta-analyses. We determined small (d = 0.28), medium (d = 0.69), and large (d = 1.21) effects for endothelial function that corresponded to the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of the data distribution.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that direct application of Cohen’s guidelines would underestimate the magnitude of effects in human endothelial function research. This investigation facilitates future a priori power analyses, provides a practical guiding benchmark for the contextualization of an effect when no other information is available, and further encourages the reporting of effect sizes in endothelial function research.
Royal jelly for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mehrnoush Vahid , Darsareh Fatemeh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveGenitourinary syndrome of menopause is a progressive condition characterized by a decrease in estrogen, which causes bothersome genital symptoms. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of royal jelly on the genitourinary syndrome of menopause.Materials and methodsA randomized controlled trial was carried out from November 2018 to June 2019 in Bandar Abbas, Iran. The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (1RCT20181107041585N1) with the main objective of determining if royal jelly could reduce the genitourinary syndrome of menopausal women. Eligible women were randomly assigned to receive either daily 1g of oral royal jelly or placebo for 8 weeks. The urogenital subscale of the Menopausal Rating Scale was used to determine genitourinary syndrome. Independent samplest-test was used for inter-group comparisons and paired samplest-test for pre-and post-treatment comparisons.ResultsThere were no differences in the severity of sexual problems, bladder complications, or vaginal dryness between groups before intervention. Although the intervention group's bladder complications improved slightly after eight weeks of royal jelly treatment compared to the control group (p ​= ​0.04), there were no significant changes in vaginal dryness, sexual problems, or total urogenital score. The within-group changes (before and after treatment) also showed no differences in urogenital symptoms.ConclusionsA daily dose of 1g royal jelly taken orally for 8 weeks did not alleviate menopausal genitourinary syndrome. No serious side effects were observed. To make more reliable decisions about the use and safety of royal jelly in the future, different doses of royal jelly and longer trials are required.