bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of clinically significant placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Cavalli Cecilia , Maggi Claudia , Gambarini Sebastiana , Fichera Anna , Santoro Amerigo , Grazioli Luigi , Prefumo Federico , Odicino Franco E. , Fratelli Nicola 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to assess the performance of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs for antenatal detection of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders in women with placenta previa (placental edge ≤2 cm from the internal uterine orifice, ≥260/7 weeks’ gestation) with and without a history of previous Caesarean section.

Methods
Single center prospective observational study. US suspicion of PAS was raised in the presence of obliteration of the hypoechoic space between uterus and placenta, interruption of the hyperechoic uterine-bladder interface and/or turbulent placental lacunae on color Doppler. All MRI studies were blindly evaluated by a single operator. PAS was defined as clinically significant when histopathological diagnosis was associated with at least one of: intrauterine balloon placement, compressive uterine sutures, peripartum hysterectomy, uterine or hypogastric artery ligature, uterine artery embolization.

Results
A total of 39 women were included: 7/39 had clinically significant PAS. There were 6/18 cases of PAS with anterior placenta: hypoechoic space interruption and placental lacunae were the most sensitive sonographic signs (83%), while abnormal hyperechoic interface was the most specific (83%). On MRI, focal myometrial interruption and T2 intraplacental dark bands showed the best sensitivity (83%), bladder tenting had the best specificity (100%). 1/21 women with posterior placenta had PAS. There was substantial agreement between US and MRI in patients with anterior placenta (κ=0.78).

Conclusions
US and MRI agreement in antenatal diagnosis of clinically significant PAS was maximal in high-risk women. Placental lacunae on ultrasound scan and T2 intraplacental hypointense bands on MRI should trigger the suspicion of PAS.
Bats in wetlands: composition and structure of assemblage in Reserva Natural Don Luis, Esteros del Iberá, Argentina
Authors: Argoitia Antonella , Collett Miranda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We report diversity data and ecological aspects (richness, abundance and guilds) of bat assemblages in the Esteros del Iberá. We sampled four sites at Reserva Natural Don Luis, with an effort of 75 nights, 256 nets and 12 harp traps over six years. We made a species accumulation curve, Whittaker diagram, and calculated inventory completeness. A complete inventory for the area included 471 individuals belonging to 14 species of Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae families. Insectivorous guilds present the greatest richness and abundance. Esteros del Iberá shelters a diversity of guilds, one threatened species, and a new bat record for the region.
Methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and correlated with patient’s poor prognosis
Authors: Sun Biqiang , He Zhijun , Liu Gan , Fu Xiao , Chen Zhiyong , Li Guoli 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) expression, biological function, and correlation with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient’s prognosis.

Methods
The relative expression levels of MTHFD2 gene mRNA in tumor tissues of HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed in the Cancer Genome Atlas and oncomine database. MTHFD2 protein relative expression in tumor tissue of HNSCC patients was analyzed in human proteome database. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of MTHFD2 and correlated genes were constructed in STRING database. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway of MTHFD2 and relevant proteins involved in the PPI network was enriched. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database was used to analyze the relationship between MTHFD2 expression and immune infiltration. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for MTHFD2 high and low expression groups were investigated in the Kaplan–Meier Plotter database.

Results
In HNSCC, MTHFD2 mRNA relative expression level in tumor tissue was significantly higher than the corresponding normal tissue with statistical difference (p < 0.05). In the PPI network, 21 protein coding genes were involved in the network with 124 edges, which indicated that the enrichment was significant (p < 0.05). MTHFD2 and PPI network involved genes were mainly enriched in tetrahydrofolate metabolic process, one-carbon metabolic process biological process. In KEGG pathway, MTHFD2 and PPI network involved genes were mainly enriched in one-carbon pool by folate, metabolic pathways, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism, and carbon metabolism. The relative expression level of MTHFD2 gene was correlated with immune infiltration of macrophage (r = 0.712, p < 0.05), neutrophil (r = 0.158, p < 0.05), dendritic cell (r = 0.1825, p < 0.05), and CD4+ T lymph cell (r = 0.1825, p < 0.05). HNSCC patients with high expression MTHFD2 had low OS compared to low expression cases (hazard ratio = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.16–2.02, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
MTHFD2 is overexpressed in HNSCC and correlated with patient’s prognosis. MTHFD2 maybe a potential target for HNSCC target treatment and provides a possible direction for the research and development of related targeted drugs.
Probleme der Systemtheorie in der soziologischen Diskussion
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag skizziert die Entwicklung und den Stand der Systemtheorie bis Anfang der 1980er Jahre unter der Prämisse, dass mit diesem Ansatz „humanistische“ und „technologische“ Theorietraditionen, die sich auf Kontrastierung festgelegt haben, obwohl sie identische Kernprobleme behandeln, mithilfe entsprechender Uminterpretationen zusammengeschlossen und zu neuen Lösungsmöglichkeiten geführt werden können. Dies gilt unter anderem für die Konzepte Sinn, Komplexität und Selbstreferenz. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird dann gefragt, wie die Systemtheorie als Theorie sozialer Systeme Verwendung finden kann. Ausgehend vom Konzept der doppelten Kontingenz als komplexitätsreduzierendem und systembildendem Mechanismus zeigt sich dabei, dass als Element sozialer Systeme nicht mehr Handlung, sondern Kommunikation angenommen werden muss. Auf diese Weise können Anschlüsse zwischen einer allgemeinen Theorie selbstreferentieller Systeme, einer Erkenntnistheorie, einer Gesellschaftstheorie und einer Wissenschaftstheorie hergestellt werden.
Warum „Systemtheorie“?
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Systemtheorie gehört zu den Eigenwerten moderner Intellektualität, die die Bedingungen des Sich-selbst-Erzeugens und damit die Kontingenz ihrer Beobachtungen selbst noch reflektiert. Die frühe Systemtheorie mit ihrem Konzept umweltoffener Systeme hinterließ zunächst die unbeantwortete Frage, wie Systeme sich gegenüber ihrer Umwelt erhalten können. Diese Theorielücke wurde erst durch Kombination der Konzepte von Autopoiesis, operationaler Schließung und struktureller Kopplung selbstreferentieller Systeme geschlossen. Damit entdeckt die Systemtheorie zugleich ihre epistemologischen Konsequenzen, die sie ganz in die Nähe der Husserl’schen Phänomenologie des Bewusstseins führt und die es ihr ermöglicht, sich als autologischer Beobachter (in) der Gesellschaft zu begreifen. Für alle Weltbeschreibung kann dann keine privilegierte Position mehr behauptet werden, die Realität selbst erschließt sich nur noch auf der Ebene der Beobachtung von Beobachtern.
Geschlossenheit und Offenheit: Über Realität in der Welt des Rechts
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Wendet man eine allgemeine Theorie auf einen bestimmten Sachbereich an, ergeben sich einige Schwierigkeiten. Für die abstrakte Theorie autopoietischer Systeme gilt dies in besonderem Maße. Schon ihre Ausgangsannahmen in Form der These der operationalen Geschlossenheit eines Systems und kognitiver Offenheit gegenüber seiner Umwelt bei gleichzeitig vorausgesetztem Realitätskontinuum findet häufig Widerspruch und die damit verbundenen erkenntnistheoretischen Implikationen eines sich selbstbeobachtenden Systems stoßen auf Unverständnis. Die Sachlage wird mit der Anwendung auf die Realität der Welt des Rechts nicht einfacher, da jetzt zwei Systemreferenzen zugleich in Betracht gezogen werden müssen, da sowohl das Rechts- wie das Gesellschaftssystem Kommunikation als elementare Operation nutzen. Hier muss dann unterschieden werden zwischen der Simultanpräsenz von Ereignissen einerseits und der systemspezifischen Informationsverarbeitung andererseits. Damit können der Begriff der Autonomie des Systems und damit auch das Verständnis der Autonomie des Rechts neu bestimmt werden.
Gesellschaft, Gott und Offenbarung
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von einem strikt auf Kommunikation bezogenen Verständnis von Gesellschaft, das eine Kommunikation mit Außergesellschaftlichem ausschließt, fragt der Text nach den Folgen für das Gottesverständnis, insbesondere der theologischen Annahme der Möglichkeit einer Kommunikation mit Gott. Es lassen sich in der Geschichte unterschiedliche Lösungsversuche unterscheiden. Sowohl Naturreligionen wie der Deismus des 18. Jahrhunderts haben einen nichtkommunizierenden Gott postuliert, der sich in der Natur bzw. der gesellschaftlichen Ordnung offenbart. Die Offenbarungstheologie überzeugt aufgrund der zunehmenden Komplexität der Gesellschaft im 18. Jahrhundert, in dem sich das Phänomen der Inkommunikabilität aber nicht nur auf die Religion beschränkt, nicht mehr. Mit der Ausdifferenzierung funktional differenzierter, binär codierter Kommunikationszusammenhänge geht der Ausschluss dritter Werte einher. Gott kann dann als Wiedereinführung des Ausgeschlossenen verstanden werden, er kommt auf beiden Seiten der Unterscheidung – gut/böse, arm/reich usw. – vor. Das ermöglicht aber keine adäquate Beschreibung der dann möglichen Kommunikation, wie auch unklar bleibt, für was ein solcher Gott in der Gesellschaft noch zuständig ist. Die Idee des schweigenden Gottes hat das 19. Jahrhundert nicht überlebt; zeitgleich mit der Idee der Evolution, die von Differenz statt von Einheit ausgeht, übernimmt nun in der Theologie das Konzept der auch durch Gott nicht überblickbaren Schöpfung die Themenführerschaft. Dadurch wird die Figur des schweigenden Gottes ersetzt, nicht aber das Konzept der Offenbarung, obwohl die funktionale Ausdifferenzierung des Gesellschaftssystems den Offenbarungsgedanken zunehmend marginalisiert.
Effects of MgSO4 on Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate
Authors: Jativa Francisco W. , Hosseini Payam , Gabr Mohammed , Pour-Ghaz M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a salt that has the potential to damage portland cement-based materials. This paper argues that the mechanism of damage is dependent on the concentration of MgSO4 and reports the results of the change in the micromechanical properties of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) when exposed to different MgSO4 concentrations . Different concentrations were selected starting from the concentration found in seawater and increasing up to 20 g/l, which is the concentration considered for accelerated tests. The micromechanical properties of C-S-H were probed using nanoindentation; X-ray diffraction measurements were also performed on C-S-H specimens. A Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme was employed to upscale these results, yielding two homogenization levels. At low MgSO4 concentrations (2.2 and 4 g/l) the formation of brucite and gypsum crystals in the pore solution contributes to the overall magnitude of the elastic modulus of the specimen, while at higher concentrations of MgSO4 (10 and 20 g/l), decalcification of C-S-H is observed, which results in the degradation of C-S-H micromechanical properties.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and Thermally Induced Internal Cracking of Asphalt Mixes
Authors: Kim Sang Soo , Akentuna Moses , Nazzal Munir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coefficient of thermal expansion/contraction (CTE) is an important factor influencing the low-temperature thermal cracking of asphalt pavements. The current CTE model used for thermal cracking evaluation does not provide temperature-varying CTE values and hence, may result in inaccurate CTE values for thermal cracking prediction. Furthermore, it fails to account for transition temperature, an important parameter for low-temperature performance evaluation. Because of the significance of CTE in thermal cracking evaluation, there is the need for a comprehensive study that evaluates a robust CTE model for thermal cracking evaluation in asphalt pavements. Furthermore, the model should be able to provide temperature-varying CTE values and the transition temperature. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the parameters influencing asphalt mixture CTE, evaluate the effect of mixture CTE on low-temperature performance, and investigate the transition behavior of the mixture CTE at low temperatures. Two limestone aggregates and four asphalt binder types with different CTE values were used to prepare eight asphalt mixture combinations. Rheological properties of the asphalt binders were evaluated utilizing the bending beam rheometer. The mixture CTE values were determined using a custom-made CTE device referred to as the Ohio CTE device. The cracking temperature of asphalt mixtures was evaluated using the asphalt concrete cracking device (ACCD), a concentric thermal stress restrained specimen device. Based on the test results, it was concluded that the measured asphalt mixture CTE values were significantly lower than the values predicted by the current AASHTOWare CTE model. The cracking temperature measured by ACCD became colder as the mixture CTE became relatively lower. The transition of the mixture CTE appeared to be caused by internal cracking and could be modeled with the isochronal stiffness of asphalt binder. The mixture CTE transition temperature was highly correlated with the ACCD cracking temperature.
Pengembangan Kartu Pantun Berbantuan Model Kooperatif Teams Games Tournament pada Materi Melisankan Pantun
Authors: Kholifah Kholifah , Sabilillah Nugraheti Sismulyasih 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan melisankan pantun pada siswa kelas V SDN Sidomulyo 01. Hal ini disebabkan karena media yang tersedia di sekolah masih kurang memadai dan kurang mendukung pembelajaran melisankan pantun. Selain itu, guru masih kurang kreatif dalam teknik penyampaian materi. Guru tidak menggunakan model pembelajaran yang membuat siswa aktif dan kreatif dalam melisankan pantun. Oleh karena itu, peneliti ingin melakukan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) yang mengembangkan media pembelajaran berupa kartu pantun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) menghasilkan media kartu pantun, (2) menguji kelayakan media kartu pantun, dan (3) menguji keefektifan media kartu pantun. Berdasarkan penelitian ini didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut. Rata-rata nilai siswa sebelum (pretest) yaitu 58,93 dan setelah mendapat perlakuan (postest) yaitu 78,35. Presentase peningkatan hasil unjuk kerja melisankan pantun yaitu sebesar 59%. Kartu pantun juga efektif untuk digunakan sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan materi melisankan pantun, terlihat dari hasil uji perbedaan rata-rata dengan thitung sebesar 7,531 lebih besar dari ttabel yang hanya 1,703. Hasil perhitungan N-gain sebesar 0,44. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kartu pantun efektif meningkatkan keterampilan siswa melisankan pantun.This research is based on the expressing rhyme skill inadequacy of 5th grade student at Primary School Sidomulyo 01. Such phenomenon happens because the learning media in primary school is insufficient and unable to support the rhyme uttering learning. More to the point, the learning technique and model used by teacher cannot stimulate the students to be participatory, active, and creative in rhyme uttering learning.Â Therefore, the researcher wants to do a research and development that evolves a learning media so-called rhyme card. This research aims (1) to produce rhyme card learning media (2) to know the properness of the rhyme card, and (2) to know the effectiveness of rhyme card. The result of the research shows the positive effect of rhyme card. The pretest means result of students expressing rhyme skill is 58,93 and after the treatment or posttest the means result is 78,35. It shows that the studentsâ€™ rhyme uttering skill increased for about 58%. Rhyme card is also effective to support the expressing rhyme learning. The Paired t-Test done by the researcher shows that the t-value result is 7,531which is bigger than the t-table result, 1,703. The N-gain result is 0,44. From the explanation above, we can conclude that rhyme card is effective to increase the studentsâ€™ rhyme uttering skill. The researcher suggests the teacher to develop another learning media so the studentsâ€™ linguistics skill could increase
Pengembangan Game Edukasi si Gelis Berbasis Android Untuk Meningkatkan Kosakata Bahasa Inggris Siswa
Authors: Rokhman Nur , Ahmadi Farid 
Published: December 2021

Adanya pandemi covid-19 memberi dampak signifikan pada dunia pendidikan.Â Bagi siswa kelas 2 mata pelajaran bahasa inggris merupakan mata pelajaran sulit terlebih di saat pandemi covid 19 ini yang melarang pelaksanaan proses pengajaran secara tatap muka.Â Materi bahasa inggris Kelas 2 Semester 1 diantaranya diajarkan kosakata angka, buah, sayur, baju dan hewan.Â Pada umumnya anak-anak lebih suka bermain sehingga adanya game edukasi si gelis (genius english) ini bertujuan agar siswa dapat bermain dan belajar.Â Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengemas materi kosakata kelas 2 sd menjadi sebuah game sehingga diharapkan kemampuan kosakata bahasa inggris dapat meningkat. Untuk menghasilkan game edukasi ini, peneliti menggunakan metode Research and Develompent dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yaitu meliputi Analisys, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluasi.Â Adapun software yang digunakan adalah Adobe Animate 2017, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Air dan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Action Script 3. Pada tahap evaluasi game edukasi ini terlebih dahulu melalui uji kelayakan oleh 2 ahli media dan 2 ahli materi dan menghasilkan nilai rata-rata kelayakan sebesar 90,6% atau sangat baik.Â Game edukasi ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa kelas 2 dalam kosa kata bahasa inggris. Pada uji coba penerapan kepada sebanyak 20 siswa menghasilkan peningkatan nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 32 point.Â Game edukasi si Gelis (Genius English) ini dapat menjadi suplemen bahan pembelajaran kelas 2 sekolah dasar.The covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the world of education. For grade 2 students, English is a difficult subject, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic which prohibits face-to-face teaching. English materials for Class 2 Semester 1 include numbers, fruits, vegetables, clothes and animals. In general, children prefer to play, so the existence of this educational game Gelis (English Genius) is intended so that students can play and learn. The purpose of this research is to package the vocabulary material for grade 2 sd into a game so that it is expected that the vocabulary skills of English can improve. To produce this educational game, researchers used the Research and Development method with the ADDIE development model which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The software used is Adobe Animate 2017, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Air and uses the programming language Action Script 3. In the evaluation stage of this educational game, first it goes through a feasibility test by 2 media experts and 2 material experts and produces an average feasibility score of 90, 6% or very good. This educational game can improve the ability of grade 2 students in English vocabulary. In the application trial for as many as 20 students resulted in an increase in the class average score of 32 points. This educational game Si Gelis (Genius English) can be a supplement to the second-grade learning materials for elementary school.
Single-variable porous nanomaterial series from polymer structure-directing agents
Authors: Stefik Morgan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBlock polymer structure-directing agents (SDA) enable the production of porous nanoscale materials. Most strategies rely upon polymer equilibration where diverse morphologies are realized in porous functional materials. This review details how solvent selectivity determines the polymer SDA behaviors, spanning from bulk-type to solution-type. Equilibrating behavior of either type, however, obscures nanostructure cause-and-effect since the resulting sample series convolve multiple spatial variations. Solution-type SDA behaviors include both dynamic and persistent micelles. Persistent micelle templates (PMT) use high solvent selectivity for kinetic entrapment. PMTs enable independent wall thickness control with demonstrated 2 Å precision alterations. Unimodal PMT pore size distributions have spanned from 11.8 to 109 nm and multimodal pore sizes up to 290 nm. The PMT method is simple to validate with diffraction models and is feasible in any laboratory. Finally, recent energy device publications enabled by PMT are reviewed where tailored nanomaterials provide a unique perspective to unambiguously identify nanostructure–property–performance relationships.
Graphical abstract
Myles Brand: A Leader Deeply Committed to Diversity, Inclusiveness, and Social Justice
Authors: Wiggins David K. 
Published: December 2021

Myles Brand: A Leader Deeply Committed to Diversity, Inclusiveness, and Social Justice
Myles Brand will probably always best be remembered as the Indiana University president who fired legendary basketball coach Bobby Knight. It is unfortunate since Brand, as a scholar, president of two major universities, and Executive Director of the NCAA, accomplished a great many things on behalf of students and as an enthusiastic proponent of the educational value of intercollegiate athletics and sport more generally. At all times and in everything he did, Brand exhibited as a leader a deep commitment to diversity, inclusiveness, and social justice. It was especially noticeable and on full display during his time as Executive Director of the NCAA, a position he held from 2002 until his untimely death from cancer in 2009. As this essay illustrates, Brand’s commitment to diversity, inclusiveness, and social justice was made clear through the academic reform movement he helped initiate and in fights to eliminate Native American mascots and other disparaging images, secure more head coaching positions for Blacks, and maintain original Title IX guidelines that had allowed women increasing opportunities to participate in highly competitive athletics. Although not always successful in these efforts, especially in seeing more Blacks hired as head coaches, Brand was largely effective in leading the effort to implement academic reform measures, rid sport of insulting Native American imagery, and guard against those who were