bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General adiposity and adipose tissue distribution in young women from Warsaw
Authors: Kopiczko Anna , Cieplińska Joanna 
Published: March 2021

Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the overall adiposity and adipose tissue distribution in young women from Warsaw.Material and methods. The study covered 550 women from Warsaw. The following research methods were applied: bioelectric impedance, measurement of body weight, body height, waist and hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), adipose tissue distribution Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR); waist circumference was also analyzed based on the criterion of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).Results. The average value of body mass index pointed to the correct values within 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 range, while the BMI distribution in the studied group covered a wide range, starting from values characteristic for the state of emaciation up to values indicating IIIo obesity. Analysis of adipose tissue distribution based on WHR indicator showed existence of central adiposity, or abdominal adiposity, in case of more than 60% of the surveyed women. However, based on WHtR indicator that takes into account waist circumference and body height, abdominal obesity was found in case of slightly more than 30% of women. Analysis of the waist circumference measurement showed that abdominal (visceral) adiposity was found in case of half of the surveyed women. Average overall adiposity was 18.5 kg. Adiposity on the left and right sides of the individual body segments did not differ significantly.Conclusion. Overweight and obesity connected to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease exist among young women from Warsaw. Among the surveyed women a significant percentage of people with abdominal (central) type of adiposity was found, which creates the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Prevention of cardiovascular disease should be based not only on the assessment of the overall adipose tissue and BMI but also on the assessment of its distribution in the body. Young women from Warsaw should be covered by preventive actions in order to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease through health education programs.
Contemporary rehabilitation at cancer centres
Authors: Hojan Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

Aim. Cancer rehabilitation is an important, but often underutilized treatment in the comprehensive care of the cancer patient. The lack of appropriate referral by physicians unfamiliar with the concept of rehabilitation was identified as primary barriers to optimal delivery of rehabilitation care. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe the current situation in the world of science of cancer rehabilitation and to describe availability of professional resources in the selected countries in the world. Material and methods. This paper is a review article to describe rehabilitation models in cancer services for patients in selected cases in the world.Results. Rehabilitation should be applied in various settings, depending on the level of disability, extent of disease, medical acuity level of the patient, and available services. However, the rehabilitation systems in the world differ depending on the various social security and health-care systems, but they are largely based on a similar, multidimensional and multidisciplinary understanding of cancer rehabilitation. Conclusions. On the basis of description of the bio-psycho-social models, it can be seen that rehabilitation must be an integral and continuous part of all cancer care. There is strong evidence that rehabilitation is a well-tolerated and safe adjunct therapy that can mitigate several common treatment-related side effects among cancer patients.
Osteopontin – a multifunctional protein and its impact on an insulin resistance development
Authors: Musialik Katarzyna , Skrypnik Damian , Bogdański Paweł , Szulińska Monika 
Published: March 2021

Osteopontin (OPN) is one of the many physiological elements creating human musculoskeletal system. It is suspected that this protein is one of the most important mediators responsible for osseous tissue mass resorption, regulated by parthormon. The origin of its name comes from one of its physiological action – rebuilding of the bone mass structure (osteo – bone, pontin – bridge). Osteopontin fulfils many different actions being secreted by many different types of cells, including macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and osteoblasts. OPN plays an important part in inflammatory process. It provokes macrophages and dendritic cells to movement into the destination where inflammatory process takes place. It also stimulates macrophages to interleukin 12 (IL12) and interferon ? (IFN ?) secretion. Increased OPN concentration in blood stream might be regarded as a novel, independent indicator of coronary artery disease. Osteopontin plays an important role in macrophage infiltration of the adipose tissue and at the same time contributes to insulin resistance. Obesity induces chronic, low-grade tissue inflammation. Positive correlation was observed between body mass index (BMI) and number of macrophages accumulated in the fat tissue. Once aroused monocytes infiltrate the adipose tissue, which leads to persisting chronic inflammation. At the same time the excreted by them cytokines may be connected with the mechanisms of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
New Evidence of the Azimuthal Alignment of Quasars Spin Vector in the LQG U1.28, U1.27, U1.11, Cosmologically Explained
Authors: Slagter Reinoud Jan 
Published: March 2021

There has been observational evidence about spin axes of quasars in large quasar groups correlated over hundreds of Mpc. This is seen in the radio spectrum as well as in the optical range. There is not yet a satisfactory explanation of this &quot;spooky&quot; alignment.
This alignment cannot be explained by mutual interaction at the time that quasars manifest themselves optically. A cosmological explanation could be possible in the formation of superconducting vortices (cosmic strings) in the early universe, just after the symmetry-breaking phase of the universe.
We gathered from the NASA/IPAC and SIMBAD extragalactic databases the right ascension, declination, inclination, position angle and eccentricity of the host galaxies of 3 large quasar groups to obtain the azimuthal and polar angle of the spin vectors.
The alignment of the azimuthal angle of the spin vectors of quasars in their host galaxy is confirmed in the large quasar group U1.27 and compared with two other groups in the vicinity, i.e., U1.11 and U1.28.
It is well possible that the azimuthal angle alignment fits the predicted azimuthal angle dependency in the theoretical model of the formation of general relativistic superconducting vortices, where the initial axially symmetry is broken just after the symmetry breaking of the scalar-gauge field.}
\keyword{quasar groups; alignment spin vectors; host galaxy; cosmic strings; symmetry breaking; scalar-gauge field.
Management of Civilian Low-Velocity Gunshot Injuries to an Extremity
Authors: Jabara Justin T. , Gannon Nicholas P. , Vallier Heather A. , Nguyen Mai P. 
Published: March 2021

➤ Despite an increasing rate of civilian low-velocity gunshot injuries, there remains a lack of evidence-based treatment standards.➤ Most low-velocity gunshot-induced fractures of the extremity can be managed similarly to non-gunshot-induced fractures, with the goals of restoring function and minimizing complications.➤ There are a limited number of high-quality studies to support the use of prophylactic antibiotics for nonoperatively treated gunshot wounds.➤ Intra-articular retained bullets should be removed, while prophylactic irrigation and debridement for a transarticular bullet is not routinely warranted for infection prevention.➤ Much of the literature on low-velocity gunshot wounds is Level-III or IV evidence, warranting the need for higher-powered, randomized, prospective investigations.
Infrared thermography of neurosurgical bone grinding: Determination of high-speed cutting range in order to obtain the minimum thermal damage
Authors: Shakouri Ehsan , Ghorbani Pezhman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the main challenges in skull base tumor removal is the thermal damages that occur in response to grinding the skull bone. During this process, temperature rise occurs at the site of bone grinding, and may cause irreversible thermal damage to the bone, nerves, and arteries. The aim of the present research is to study temperature changes during high-speed grinding of bone via infrared thermography to determine the threshold of high-speed cutting range (HSC-range) in order to achieve the minimum temperature rise and minimize the resulting thermal damages. Experimental tests have been performed in 75 states using the parameters of cutting speed (25 states) and feed rate (3 states) on bovine femur samples. The temperature changes of bone have been measured through infrared thermography. The results indicated that temperature rise had a direct relationship with the tool feed rate. Further, the cutting speed of 250 m.min− 1 at different feed rates was the HSC-range threshold, after which a descending trend of temperature rise emerged; each led to the minimum temperature rise and beyond HSC-range, the temperature rise found an ascending trend. Thus, in order to reduce the thermal damage in neurosurgical bone grinding, the following parameters are suggested as follows: cutting speed 350–425 m.min− 1 for the feed rate 20 mm.min− 1 (ΔT = 4.8–8.5°C ); cutting speed 500–550 m.min− 1 for the feed rate 30 mm.min− 1 (ΔT = 7.2–9.3°C), and cutting speed 650–675 m.min− 1 for the feed rate 40 mm.min− 1 (ΔT = 10-12.5°C).
Fatty acid ethyl ester from Manilkara zapota seed oil: A completely renewable biofuel for sustainable development
Authors: Rajamanickam Sathish Kumar , Kasinathan Sureshkumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article reports the deliverables of the experimental study on the production of a completely renewable biofuel from Manilkara zapota fruit. It was attempted to produce fatty acid ethyl ester from Manilkara zapota seed oil using bioethanol synthesized from decayed Manilkara zapota fruit. Bioethanol was produced through fermentation of decayed Manilkara zapota fruit, waste skin, and pulp with Saccharomyces cerevisiae then extracted by distillation process at the temperature of 72°C. The bioethanol yield was noted as 10.45% (v/w). The purity of the bio-ethanol was identified as 95.09% using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mechanically extracted Manilkara zapota seed oil was used for ethyl ester production. The molar ratio of bioethanol to oil, the quantity of KOH, and process temperature were optimized for the maximum yield of Manilkara zapota ethyl ester. 9:1 molar ratio of bioethanol to oil, 1.5% (w/w) KOH, and 70°C process temperature were identified as optimized ethanolysis process parameters. The maximum yield of ethyl ester was identified as 93.1%. Physicochemical characteristics of Manilkara zapota oil, bioethanol, and ethyl ester were measured as per the corresponding ASTM standards. It was found that both Manilkara Zapota ethyl ester and bioethanol synthesized from decayed Manilkara zapota fruit could be promising substitutes for fossil diesel and gasoline.
Fundamental Limits of Full-Duplex Spectrum Sharing under Peak Interference Power Constraint
Authors: xie Xianbin , Bi Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to effectively solve the problem of spectrum shortage, cognitive radio (CR) and full-duplex (FD) have been proposed and widely studied in recent year. In this paper, we integrate CR and FD techniques, consider a FD spectrum sharing CR networks, where both secondary users (SU1 and SU2) are equipped with dual antennas, one of which is used to receive signals, and the other is used to transmit signals at the same time and frequency. Under peak interference power and peak transmit power constraints, we analysis the ergodic sum capacity and the outage probability based on the FD spectrum sharing CR networks and the conventional spectrum sharing CR networks. Furthermore, under no peak transmit power constrain and perfect self-interference cancellation (SIC), based on the FD spectrum sharing CR networks and the conventional spectrum sharing CR networks, the closed-form expressions of the theoretical upper bound of the ergodic sum capacity and the outage probability are derived by two lemmas and four propositions. Accurate mathematical analysis display, under the same bandwidth, the upper bound of the full-duplex spectrum sharing CR networks ergodic sum capacity is twice as much as the traditional spectrum sharing CR networks, and the FD spectrum sharing CR networks based on SU1, also has better upper bound performance on the outage probability than the traditional spectrum sharing CR networks. Simulations results validate that, the FD spectrum sharing CR networks obtains better communication performance than the conventional spectrum sharing CR networks, especially when the residual self-interference is small. Finally, we also can see that the simulation upper bound is completely consistent with the theoretical analysis upper bound, whether in the FD spectrum sharing CR networks or the conventional spectrum sharing CR networks. So also verifies the correctness of the theoretical upper bound derivation.
Home Automation using Augmented Reality (HAAR)
Authors: El-Moursy Ali Ali , Sibai Fadi N. , Rehman Jahanzeb , Gouda Omar M. , Gaber Abdelrahman T. , Khedr Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development of Smart Home Controllers has seen rapid growth in recent years, especially for smart devices, that can utilize the Internet of Things (IoT). However, a large portion of the household devices and appliances already in use, are not IoT enabled, and therefore, requires their default control mechanisms for the devices to operate. This paper proposes a smart appliance controller that
uses Augmented Reality, MQTT, and other up-to-date platforms to control aftermarket home appliances in the most efficient manner. The proposed work integrates mobile AR with IoT, to control household appliances, with the help of infrared (IR) signals. The characteristics of the system are evaluated through a series of tests and performance measures. The results of the test highlight th quick response time of MQTT for the implementation of a Home Automation System, when compared to the request-reply protocol: CoAP (4 times as fast).
Low-Complexity Joint Weighted Neumann Series and Gauss-Seidel Soft-Output Detection for Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Dai Xiaoming , Yan Tiantian , Dong Yuanyuan , Luo Yuquan , Li Hua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We introduce a joint weighted Neumann series (WNS) and Gauss-Seidel (GS) approach to implement an approximated linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) detector for uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) systems. We first propose to initialize the GS iteration by a WNS method, which produces a closer-to-LMMSE initial solution than the conventional zero vector and diagonal-matrix based scheme. Then the GS algorithm is applied to implement an approximated LMMSE detection iteratively. Furthermore, based on the WNS, we devise a low-complexity approximate log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) computation method whose performance loss is negligible compared with the exact method. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed joint WNS-GS approach outperforms the conventional method and achieves near-LMMSE performance with significantly lower computational complexity.
Design of Optimal Localization Model for Wireless Sensor Network Nodes Using Improved Krill Herd Algorithm
Authors: Kamfar Jafarsadegh , Zandhessami Hessam , Alborzi Mahmood 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are significantly applied in engineering and scientific research. WSNs consist of a group of distributed space sensors that track the environment's physical conditions and control the collected data at one central location. Examples of these sensors' applications are smart cities, transport, volcano surveillance and environmental activity, earthquake monitoring, medicine, post-disaster response, and military control. Wireless sensor networks have a lot of research issues like access to the media, implementation, time synchronization, network security and localization of the nodes. One of the most critical problems in this network research is the optimum position of the sensors to have access to maximum coverage and increase network life span to decrease maintenance costs, develop and manage the network. One of the main causes of the failure in these networks is running out of sensor battery and replacing them which impose high costs to maintenance and managing of the network. In order to solve the issues related to optimization and localization, researchers have focused on the algorithms like Swarm Intelligence (SI), because they enable us to solve complicated issues of optimization and NP-Hard issues to solve optimization. However, most of these algorithms are specialized for a purpose or a special program, and the majority of the solutions are not compatible with most of the wireless network sensors. The DV-Hop is one of the most popular node algorithms. But the main problem of the DV-Hop is the possibility of error in calculating the assessed distance between the unknown node and the nodes of anchor. Therefore, minimizing this error is the key to improve this algorithm. To reduce the problem of high localization error, two meta-heuristic algorithms have been proposed based on a combination. In this paper, a new optimization method based on a combination of Krill Herd Algorithm (KHA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) called KHAPSO is suggested to improve DV-Hop. Simulation results in MATLAB 2016 show that the KHAPSO model has a lower mean error compared to the DV-Hop, DV-Hop-KHA and DV-Hop-PSO models. Also, energy consumption in the KHAPSO model is less in comparison to the other models. The KHAPSO model with 400 unknown nodes and 30 anchor nodes was able to reduce energy consumption by about 35% and at the same time 27% reduction in Average Localization Error (ALE) compared to DV-Hop.
Ergodic Capacity and Symbol Error Rate Analysis of a Wireless System with α-μ Composite Fading Channel
Authors: rizi Fereshteh salimian , Falahati Abolfazl 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A composite α-µ/Lognormal fading channel is proposed with several channel performance criteria. This model considers the most effective occurrences in a fading channel, mainly non-linearity, multi-cluster nature of propagation medium, and shadowing effects. The new generation of communication systems is moving towards the use of millimetre waves (mmW). In this type of propagation, large-scale effects of fading channel on the received signal are significant, so in the proposed composite model, the lognormal distribution is considered to model large-scale effects of fading, which is the most accurate distribution to model shadowing. The Gaussian-Hermite quadrature sum is used to approximate the probability distribution function (PDF) of the proposed model. After calculating the statistics, the symbol error rate (SER) and ergodic capacity are computed. The Mellin transform technique is used to calculate the SER expression of different modulation schemes; then, ergodic capacity is computed for a diverse frequency spectrum. Finally, the Monte Carlo method is used to evaluate the analyses.
Performance analysis of NR Polar Codes at short information blocks for control channels
Authors: Sinha Tirthadip , Bhaumik Jaydeb 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

One important innovation in information and coding theory is polar code, which delivers capacity attaining error correction performance varying code rates and block lengths. In recent times, polar codes are preferred to offer channel coding in the physical control channels of the 5G (5 th Generation) wireless standard by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) New Radio (NR) group. Being a part of the physical layer, Channel coding plays key role in deciding latency and reliability of a communication system. However, the error correction performance degrades with decreased message lengths. 5G NR requires channel codes with low rates, very low error floors with short message lengths and low latency in coding process. In this work, Distributed Cyclic Redundancy Check Aided polar (DCA-polar) code along with Cyclic Redundancy Check Aided polar (CA-polar) code, the two variant of polar codes have been proposed which provide significant error-correction performance in the regime of short block lengths and enable early termination of decoding processes. While CRC bits improve the performance of SCL (successive cancellation list) decoding by increasing distance properties, distributed CRC bits permit path trimming and early-termination of the decoding process. The design can reduce the decoding latency and energy consumption of hardware, which is crucial for mobile applications like 5G. The work also considers the performance analysis of NR polar codes over AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) for short information block lengths at low code rates in the uplink and downlink control channels using SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and FAR (False Alarm Rate) as the performance measures. Simulation results illustrate different trade-offs between error-correction and detection performances comparing proposed NR polar coding schemes.
Smartphones and Integrated Control System for Hazardous Materials Transportation
Authors: REIS LUIZ ANTONIO , Pereira Sergio Luiz , Dias Eduardo Mario , Scoton Maria Lídia Rebello Pinho Dias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Drivers’ behaviors are directly influenced by human beings and have different reactions. Artificial intelligence is a powerful tool to learn and predict the traffic effects according to drivers’ behavior and make predictions more effective to support hazardous material traffic management. This paper presents a proposal using deep learning, simulation, and performance analysis of road systems with improvement in hazardous materials transportation control. The analysis compares the reduction of accident detection time with their consequences such as damages caused by traffic jams, damages to human health, and environmental damages. The reduction in detection time is provided by the use of smartphones and an integrated control system for tracking, management, monitoring, and control of hazardous materials transportation.
Plant chemicals affect trade-offs between adult preference and larval performance of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus
Authors: Wang Qiyun , Huang Wei , Zhang Jialiang , Wang Dingli , Yin Wandong , Ding Jianqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Herbivores use plant chemicals for host-plant selection to maximize their own and/or offspring performance. Since host plants that are optimal for mother and offspring are often different and spatially/temporally separated, how plant chemicals affect trade-offs between adult preference and larval performance remains unclear. We found that adults of the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), one of the most important pests on rice in the world, preferred volatiles from barnyard grass over rice, tended to feed and oviposit on barnyard grass compared with rice. In contrast, larvae performed better on rice roots than on barnyard grass roots. Chemical analysis further show that rice roots had higher nitrogen and soluble sugar but lower lignin and cellhouse contents than barnyard grass. Together, these results suggest that violate, nutritive and defensive chemicals could jointly determine trade-offs of the adult preference and larval performance on these two hosts. As developing chemical-based technology is one of the main approaches for control of pest insects, our findings may also contribute to the future efforts for management of the rice water weevil.