bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
24. OMECAMTIVE MECARBIL, A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Trifitriana Monica , Mulawarman Rido , Felani Muhammad Rizky , Tondas Alexander Edo 
Published: May 2021

Background:
At least half of the millions of heart failure patients have heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). There have been many drugs used to treat heart failure, but these drugs don’t directly work on the target pathogenesis of HFrEF. Improving systolic function will prevent neurohormonal activation and ventricular remodeling, which clinically will provide better results from hospitalization and causes of death. Omecamtive mecarbil (OM) is a novel selective cardiac myosin activator, it will improve cardiac function in patients with HFrEF.

Objective:
We aim to assess the latest evidence on the outcome of OM in heart failure patients.

Method:
We performed a comprehensive search on topics that assesses OM outcomes in heart failure patients from inception up until January 2021.

Results:
There were 17.712 HFrEF patients from six studies. Three studies showed the decrease of heart rate, two studies prove that OM increase the stroke volume and systolic ejection time, while each of one study showed increase of left ventricular ejection fraction and decrease left ventricular end systolic volume, left ventricular end diastolic volume, left ventricular fraction shortening, left ventricular end systolic dimension and left ventricular end diastolic dimension from the baseline. The route via intravena maximum tolerated by dose 0,5 mg/kg per h, while via orally start with dose 25 mg twice daily. No significant side effects were found. One randomized controlled trial study also showed a lower risk of a composite heart failure events and cardiovascular death than those who received placebo.

Conclusion:
Omecamtive mecarbil improved cardiac function in heart failure and could be the first in class of a new therapeutic agent. Further controlled studies are warranted for definite conclusion.
25. PRO-INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Andhika Rizky , Supriyadi Rudi , Alisjahbana Bachti 
Published: May 2021

Background
: Hypertension is associated with poor outcome in patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Several pro-inflammatory markers, such as Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLCR), Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLCR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), and Ferritin are associated with poor outcome in COVID-19. Pro-inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients with hypertension is rarely described.

Objective
: We aimed to explore several pro-inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients with hypertension.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed confirmed COVID-19 patients between March 1 and August 31, 2020 from Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Data were obtained from patient's medical records. Patients with history of hypertension before admission were included in hypertension group. Patients with systolic blood pressure (BP) above 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP above 90 mmHg on admission, were considered as uncontrolled hypertension. The analysis of data correlation was done using the Pearson correlation, alternative Rank Spearman correlation for non-normal distribution.

Results
: We found 140 patients, in which 40 patients were included in hypertension group. NLCR (5.29 vs. 2.92, p = 0.002), MLCR (0.47 vs 0.31, p = 0.001), and CRP (5.62 vs 0.87, p = 0.004) were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Meanwhile, ALC was found to be lower (1233.9 vs. 1533.9, p = 0.009). PCT (0.05 vs. 0.02, p = 0.079) and ferritin (329.3 vs 224.1, p = 0.073) were higher, but not statistically significant. There was no difference of NLCR, MLCR, CRP, ALC, PCT, and ferritin level between uncontrolled and controlled hypertension group.

Conclusion
: COVID-19 patients with hypertension have higher pro-inflammatory markers.
27. PREDICTIVE VALUE OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE FOR POOR MATERNAL AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH PRE-ECLAMPSIA: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Josephine Claudia Mary , Nurcahyani  , Multazam Rachmatu Bill , Kamarullah William , Nawing Aqila Ghaezany 
Published: May 2021

Background:
A large number of studies have reported the relationships between serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and prognosis of pre-eclampsia. However, the result is still controversial and no consensus has been reached.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to find out the role of serum LDH in prediction of poor maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with pre-eclampsia.

Methods:
We performed a systematic computerized search for eligible articles from PubMed, Europe PMC, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar databases from inception to January 2021. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all events of interest and event-free subjects were obtained to assess the predictive value of serum LDH in predicting composite poor outcomes.

Results:
A total of 11 studies that assessed patients with pre-eclampsia were included. Overall, elevated serum LDH level in pre-eclamptic patients was associated with poor maternal and perinatal outcomes [pooled OR: 7.92 (95% CI = 5.75–10.93); pooled OR: 8.08 (95% CI = 4.40–14.83) respectively]. Subgroup analyses showed that elevated LDH also increased risk of placental abruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome. The resulting P-value showed no heterogeneity among articles (P > 0.01). No evidence of asymmetry was shown in the funnel plot, thus no publication bias existed in the included studies.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis demonstrates that elevated serum LDH level is apparently associated with poor outcomes in patients with pre-eclampsia and serum LDH could be a prognostic biomarker for pre-eclamptic patients.
29. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HYPERTENSION AND DEPRESSION IN AGED NURSING HOME RESIDENTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Putra Iwan Cahyo Santosa , Tanjung Jennifer Ellen , Dara Maria 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases to affect the elderly. With Indonesia currently facing a demographic shift to an ageing population, the prevalence of high blood pressure within the elderly is steadily increasing. Hypertension has been known to disrupt the psychosocial wellbeing of the elderly and cause depression. Besides the stress of dealing with hypertension, anti-hypertensive drugs reportedly may also cause depression as a side effect. Depression in turn can also cause hypertension through the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to determine the association between hypertension and depression in the elderly.

Method:
This cross-sectional study sampled 138 elderly residents aged 60 years and above from the Tresna Budi Mulia nursing home in Jakarta. The blood pressure of the respondents were measured using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope, while depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Result:
Out of the 138 respondents, a total of 21 elderly men and women experienced depression with hypertension. The number of respondents who experienced depression without hypertension was 30 (22%), while the number of respondents who experienced hypertension without depression was also 30 (22%). A chi-squared test was performed to observe the association between the two variables, and the p value obtained was 0.468 (p ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion:
There was no association between hypertension and the occurrence of depression in the elderly residents of the Tresna Budi Mulia nursing home in Jakarta.
32. HYPERTENSION AND DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENT: THE ROLE OF L-CARNITINE
Authors: Jagannatha Gusti Ngurah Prana , Pradnyana Wayan Agus Surya , Kamardi Stanly , Yasmin AA Ayu Dwi Adelia , Yantie Ni Putu Veny Kartika 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Carnitine is an essential compound for cellular metabolism, and plays an important role in blood pressure (BP) regulation and cardiac development. Carnitine deficiency is a disorder that relate to pediatric hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy, with possibilities of rapid reversal after carnitine replacement.

Objective:
This report describes a child suffering from hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy with suspected carnitine deficiency.

Case description:
A 4-year-old boy came to emergency department on August 2018 with shortness of breath. BP was 140/80 mmHg, electrocardiogram revealed sinus tachycardia 150 bpm, echocardiography demonstrated stretch PFO, moderate TR, mild AR, and dilated cardiomyopathy with EF 31.14%. He was diagnosed with grade II hypertension and congestive heart failure. Antihypertensive and heart failure treatment were administered. There was no vascular disorder found, kidney function test and urinalysis were within normal limit. He was also found to have malnutrition, stunting, and suspected to suffer from carnitine deficiency, hence L-carnitine and vitamin B6 were commenced since day 16. Patient's condition was gradually improved and discharged on the 26th day. Unfortunately, he stopped L-carnitine 1 year afterwards, but still continue to take vitamin B6. The last follow-up evaluation on January 2021 showed improvement of BP control (112/70 mmHg) and reversal of cardiac dysfunction with EF 68.9%.

Discussion:
Carnitine deficiency is a rare but treatable cause of pediatric hypertension and cardiomyopathy. Although previous case reports showed complete improvement within a few months, however that was not happened in this case, that may be caused by L-carnitine withdrawal.
33. CHARACTERISTICS AND COMORBIDITIES OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN SANGLAH GENERAL HOSPITAL DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Pradnyana I Wayan Agus Surya , Jagannatha Gusti Ngurah Prana , Kamardi Stanly , Yasmin AA Ayu Dwi Adelia 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Recent evidences suggest that hypertension is the most common underlying comorbid among COVID-19 patients, which often occurs in adults who are at higher risk of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and experiencing severe symptoms. Hypertension is also commonly accompanied by many comorbidities that will further compromised the clinical presentation of COVID-19 patients. Determination and appropriate management of hypertension and its comorbidities would be an important aspect during the pandemic

Objective:
The aims of this study is to define the characteristics and comorbidities among hypertensive patients in outpatient settings during pandemic era.

Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study included 108 medical records of patients with hypertension diagnosis in outpatient cardiology clinic, at Sanglah General Hospital in January 2021.

Result:
Among 108 subjects, there was male predominance (57.4%) with mean of age 54.07 years old. About 23.1% subjects were active smokers and 61.1% were overweight/obese. The most common comorbidities that was found on subjects was Coronary Artery Disease (50%), which was followed by heart failure (27.8%) and Diabetes Mellitus (14.8%). Blood pressure was controlled only in 39.8% patients. The patients most commonly took combination therapy (74.1%), with calcium channel blocker (CCB) was the most used pharmacotherapy (81.5%).

Conclusion:
Hypertension and its comorbidities were important predictors of poor outcome among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, optimal therapy and control for all risk factors during this pandemic are mandatory, regarding the benefit for morbidity and mortality.
35. PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS AS A COMORBID AMONG PATIENTS WITH UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETIC MELLITUS IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT, KARANGANYAR GENERAL HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Utomo Muhammad Faisal Putro , Putrinadia Aninditya Verinda , Utami Musrifah Budi , Erawan I Gusti Ngurah Agung Tresna 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Although uncontrolled hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has poor prognosis, these cardiometabolic diseases are still considered trivial in rural areas. Moreover, most patients with hypertensive crisis don’t recognize it when it is asymptomatic.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the hypertensive crisis in T2DM and become a pilot study in rural areas of Central Java, Indonesia.

Method:
This was an analytic cross-sectional study conducted at the emergency department, Karanganyar General Hospital, between October to November 2019. Data were taken using data extraction forms that include history taking, physical examination, and laboratory examination. Complete blood count, random blood glucose, and creatinine serum were documented. Data were analyzed using SPSS with univariate and bivariate analysis.

Result:
Our study involved 171 patients with uncontrolled T2DM in the emergency ward. Around half of the patients were males (59.6%) and above 60 years old (46.8%). Patients with a history of ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and diabetic foot were 19.3%, 19.9%, 12.3%, and 21.1%. Patients who arrived with high blood pressure were 53.8%. The hypertensive crisis among uncontrolled T2DM was 10.5% (hypertensive urgency was 5.8%, and hypertensive emergency was 4.7%). There was an association between stroke and diabetic foot towards hypertensive crisis (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The proportion of hypertensive crisis in T2DM patients was higher than in the non-T2DM group. Various factors due to complications from diabetes and low treatment compliance of chronic disease may affect the development of hypertensive crisis.
36. ASSOCIATION OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAM PARAMETERS OF ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR REMODELING WITH INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Anggraini D.M. , Chandra E. , Aditya B.S. , Tiksnadi B.B. , Achmad C. 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Cardiac remodeling is frequently seen in hypertensive patients and one of the causes of its process is interstitial fibrosis. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a practical tool to detect impulse heterogeneity, reflecting fibrosis.

Objective:
To prove association of ECG parameters with interstitial fibrosis in hypertension which might be used to monitor effectiveness of therapies and prognosis.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study whose subjects were diagnosed with hypertension recruited from public healthcare from December 2018 until January 2019. Exclusion criteria were elderly (>65 years old), known coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valvular heart diseases. Association between ECG parameters which reflects atrial remodeling, represented by P-wave Dispersion (PWD), and ventricular remodeling, represented by QT dispersion (QTd), with degree of interstitial fibrosis, represented by soluble ST2 (SST2) from blood serum, which has been proven for detecting myocardial fibrosis, were analyzed using Spearman's correlation. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust the outcome with age and sex.

Results:
From 36 subjects recruited, 24 (66.7%) subjects were female. The median age was 57 (45-65) years old. There were significant moderate correlations between SST2 with PWD (p 0.001; r 0.498), and QTd (p 0.002; r 0.462). After multivariate analysis, the correlation remains significant for PWD (p 0.001) and QTd (p 0.018). The moderate correlation between ECG parameters and SST2 maybe due to the fibrosis caused by myocardial damage in hypertension is subtler than heart failure.

Conclusion:
There are moderate correlations between ECG parameters of atrial and ventricular remodeling with interstitial fibrosis in hypertensive patients.
52. SUBLINGUAL VERSUS ORAL CAPTOPRIL FOR BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION IN HYPERTENSION URGENCY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Ulfiarakhma Dela , Mulawarman Rido , Trifitriana Monica 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The use of sublingual captopril has been suggested in hypertension urgency on the assumption of faster absorption and thus more rapid effect on blood pressure than with the oral route. But there are still confusing data regarding the preferential route in literature.

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the effect of sublingual and oral captopril to reduce blood pressure in hypertension urgency patients.

Method:
We systematically searched the relevant studies from date of inception to January 2021. Outcomes of interest were blood pressure reduction at 10, 30, and 60 minutes after 25 mg sublingual and oral captopril administration.

Results:
One RCT and two observational studies comprising 353 patients were included. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly reduced faster in sublingual group at 10 minutes (mean difference 6.65 [95% CI 1.21, 12.09]; p = 0.02; I
2: 89%) and 30 minutes (mean difference 2.54 [95% CI 0.76, 4.32]; p = 0.005; I
2: 0%) compared to oral group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also reduced more rapidly at 10 minutes (mean difference 3.62 [95% CI 2.78, 4.46]; p < 0.00001; I
2: 0%) and 30 minutes (mean difference 2.12 [95% CI 0.88, 3.36]; p = 0.0008; I
2: 0%) in sublingual group. Our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in blood pressure reduction at 60 minutes between two groups.

Conclusion:
Sublingual captopril can reduce SBP and MAP more rapidly compared to oral captopril in the first 30 minutes after administration, but the effect was similar at 60 minutes.
67. ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN 17A IN POPULATION WITH ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Putra SD , Damaiati NE , Soenarta AA 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Around half of population with hypertension are failed to achieve blood pressure target despite optimum medical therapy. This suggests another pathogenesis involved in hypertension through immune response, one of which is interleukin 17A (IL-17A).

Objective:
This study seeks to describe the role of interleukin 17A in population with elevated blood pressure

Methods:
An electronic search of Pubmed, Ebsco and Cochrane on 23 January 2021 was undertaken to identify relevant studies. The search strategy being performed used combination keywords of interleukin 17A and elevated blood pressure. Filters were used to exclude irrelevant studies, such as fulltext, English language, published in last 5 years, and human as a subject. The quality of included studies was assessed independently by two reviewers using Rostom et al.

Results:
In total, three studies comprising 539 subjects in which 268 subjects with elevated blood pressure were eligible. The first two studies showed an increase of IL-17A in both prehypertensive and hypertensive groups compared to those with normotensive. In addition, the other study revealed a significant correlation between IL-17A concentration and hypertension duration in group with non-controlled hypertension.

Conclusion:
IL-17A is associated with elevated blood pressure as well as duration of hypertension suggesting the role of immune response on this. Furthermore, IL-17A can be served as a target therapy for hypertensive patients in the future.
69. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AT MENARCHE AND HYPERTENSION IN RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO
Authors: Wowor Ester , Palar Stella , Sugeng Cerelia , Umboh Octavianus 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
The age at menarche (AAM) is the first onset of the menstrual cycle in women, which represents the beginning of the capacity to reproduce, and can affect health later. Previous research has shown that early and late menarches were associated with hypertension. Some studies have shown in group of AAM <11 years and >15 years, the risk of hypertension increased.

Objective:
This study aims to assess the correlation between AAM and hypertension.

Methods:
This was an observational cross-sectional study. The subjects were women aged 18-70 years who were treated in the Internal Medicine ward of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou from December 2020–January 2021. Data was collected through interview, blood pressure examination, and medical record. The data were grouped into AAM <11 years, 11–15 years, >15 years; hypertension and non-hypertension, and were processed using SPSS.

Results:
This study included 65 female subjects, aged 22–66 years old. The mean age was 39.57 years. From 65 subjects, 32 (49.24%) were hypertensive and 33 (50.76%) were non-hypertensive. The mean age at menarches was 13.29 years. The Pearson chi square test showed that there was a correlation between AAM with hypertension (p = 0.004). The odds ratio (OR) (CI 95%) showed the AAM >15 years had higher risk of developing hypertension compared to 11–15 years. There was no difference in risk of hypertension in group of AAM <11 years compared to AAM 11–15 years.

Conclusion:
There is a correlation between AAM with hypertension. AAM >15 years is related to risk of hypertension.
71. THE ASSOCIATION OF HIGHER SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AT DISCHARGE AND DETERIORATION OF RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED FOR ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Pratiwi Indah , Moses Kevin , Pratama Dya , Victoria Alexandra , Hanggadi Bhayu , Soerarso Rarsari 
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Deterioration of renal function over time is associated with worse outcomes in patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Deterioration of renal function was the long-term consequences of RAAS system activation in ADHF. Higher systolic blood pressure was the most common precipitating factor for the acute heart failure event. Moreover, it was known that higher SBP was the predictor of renal function deterioration. Therefore, we hypothesized that the levels of SBP at discharge would have associations with post-discharge outcomes in hospitalized ADHF.

Method:
The study included 51 patients admitted to our hospital between November 2020 and January 2021 with ADHF event, patients were classified into high creatinine value and normal creatinine value based on creatinine at discharged. SBP at discharge was the primary outcome between two groups.

Result:
We examined changes in creatinine and grouped it into high creatinine value (creatinine level ≥1.5 mg/dl) and normal creatinine value (creatinine level <1.5 mg/dl). Overall, 60.8% (n = 31) of patients with AHDF were having higher creatinine value and 39.2% (n = 20) were having normal creatinine value. On Bivariate analysis, SBP at discharge was associated with higher creatinine value (p < 0.07) and result showed positive correlation between SBP at discharge and high creatinine value (r = 0.306, p = 0.31).

Conclusion:
In patients admitted for ADHF, higher creatinine value was correlated with higher SBP at discharge.