bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum unscarred uterine rupture caused by placenta accreta: A case report and literature review
Authors: Okaniwa Jun , Higeta Daisuke , Kameda Takashi , Uchiyama Yosuke , Inoue Maki , Iwase Akira 
Published: January 2021

Key Clinical MessageOur case and the literature review suggest that placenta accreta spectrum, with use of uterotonics and manual removal of placenta, could be risk factors for postpartum unscarred uterine rupture.
Performance evaluation of free cyanide control strategies in a simulated gold leaching circuit
Authors: de Andrade Lima Luiz Rogério P. , Hodouin Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA phenomenological dynamic model of gold ore leaching process in agitated tanks is derived and calibrated with a set of industrial data. This model is used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of a three‐tank industrial plant and to test the performance of 12 different free cyanide feedback control strategies. The performance of the control strategies faced to step disturbances is quantified using an economic objective criterion, for both steady‐state and dynamic operating regimes. The results of set‐point changes for the three‐tank cascade show responses like those of a linear system for first, second, and third orders, since the tanks behave as perfect mixers. The steady‐state and dynamic results for the uncontrolled plant show large losses of gold at low cyanide consumption, while regulatory control of the cyanide concentrations in the first tank helps improve the economic efficiency. However, in the presence of disturbances other than those related to cyanide concentrations, the control of cyanide at constant set‐points might be detrimental to the plant economic performance and would require a supervisory optimal control of the set‐point values.
A longitudinal study of thyroid markers during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and post‐partum glucose metabolism
Authors: Tang Lei , Li Ping , Zhou Hua , Li Ling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo determine the relationship between thyroid markers during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or post‐partum glucose metabolism.Materials and MethodsBased on pregnancy 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, 1467 subjects were grouped into normal glucose tolerance (NGTp; n = 768) and GDM (n = 699) groups. Furthermore, based on post‐partum 75‐g OGTT results, 286 GDM subjects, screened for glucose metabolism after delivery, were grouped into NGTd (n = 241) and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT; n = 45) groups.ResultsMaternal age, family history of diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, previous adverse pregnancy outcomes and caesarean section incidence, and thyroid positive antibody rates were higher in the GDM group than in the NGTp group. In the first trimester, free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels were higher in the GDM group than in the NGTp group. In the second trimester, free thyroxine (FT4) levels were lower and TPOAb and TgAb levels were higher in the GDM group than in the NGTp group. After adjusting for confounding factors, FT3, TPOAb and TgAb (first trimester), and FT4, TPOAb and TgAb (second trimester) were risk factors for GDM. TPOAb and TgAb levels were higher in the AGT group than in the NGTd group and were potential predictors of abnormal post‐partum glucose tolerance.ConclusionsGDM risk significantly increased with increased FT3 (first trimester), TPOAb and TgAb (first and second trimesters) or with decreased FT4 (second trimester). Presence of thyroid antibodies predicted post‐partum glucose abnormalities in subjects with GDM.
Development of Plasmodium‐specific liver‐resident memory CD8+ T cells after heat‐killed sporozoite immunization in mice
Authors: Ghilas Sonia , Enders Matthias H. , May Rose , Holz Lauren E. , Fernandez‐Ruiz Daniel , Cozijnsen Anton , Mollard Vanessa , Cockburn Ian A. , McFadden Geoffrey I. , Heath William R. , Beattie Lynette 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMalaria remains a major cause of mortality in the world and an efficient vaccine is the best chance of reducing the disease burden. Vaccination strategies for the liver stage of disease that utilise injection of live radiation‐attenuated sporozoites (RAS) confer sterile immunity, which is mediated by CD8+ memory T cells, with liver‐resident memory T cells (TRM) being particularly important. We have previously described a TCR transgenic mouse, termed PbT‐I, where all CD8+ T cells recognize a specific peptide from Plasmodium. PbT‐I form liver TRM cells upon RAS injection and are capable of protecting mice against challenge infection. Here, we utilize this transgenic system to examine whether nonliving sporozoites, killed by heat treatment (HKS), could trigger the development of Plasmodium‐specific liver TRM cells. We found that HKS vaccination induced the formation of memory CD8+ T cells in the spleen and liver, and importantly, liver TRM cells were fewer in number than that induced by RAS. Crucially, we showed the number of TRM cells was significantly higher when HKS were combined with the glycolipid α‐galactosylceramide as an adjuvant. In the future, this work could lead to development of an antimalaria vaccination strategy that does not require live sporozoites, providing greater utility.
Lipid Based Nanocarriers: Promising Drug Delivery System for Topical Application
Authors: Patel Darshana , Patel Brijesh , Thakkar Hetal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLipid based delivery system is gaining significant attention of researchers working on the development of novel formulations for improved therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. Topical drug delivery is needed in treatment of skin, eyes, rectum, vagina disorders and systemic disorders having skin manifestations. Lipid nanocarriers have widespread application in the topical drug delivery due to the biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic and nonirritating nature of the lipid. Microemulsion and nanoemulsion contain lipids in the nanosize range which can lead to penetration of drug to the deeper skin layers. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanolipid carriers act by forming an occlusive layer on the skin leading to increased hydration and penetration of the drug. Vesicular carriers such as liposomes, niosomes, ultradeformable vesicles, cubosomes etc. are also reported to enhance the penetration of the entrapped drugs in deeper layers of skin. These carrier systems are mainly composed of lipids, surfactants, and co‐surfactants which are safe and quite acceptable by regulatory authorities. The present review article focuses on different types of lipid nanocarriers used in topical drug delivery, their advantages and limitations, mechanism of enhanced penetration, work reported in the related literature, characterization tests and their safety and toxicity concerns.
Health reform in Brazil: The sanitaristas as programmatic actors
Authors: Davidian Andreza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBrazil has one of the largest public health systems in the world. By applying the Programmatic Action Framework (PAF), this study provides an endogenous explanation for the health reform and brings new lenses to understand one of the most successful cases of social protection expansion. It demonstrates the relevance of a group of professionals who had a common perception of why the policy should change and a coherent policy change program. Cognitive frameworks, organizational resources, and strong professional culture allowed the sanitaristas occupying key positions in the state apparatus, behaving strategically as a collective actor. The evidence provided suggests the approach's relevance to this case due to considerations of political‐institutional specificities. Treating the sanitaristas as a programmatic actor is helpful to explain their role in promoting change and the endurance of the programmatic consensus they have built, which has been crucial to support the universal healthcare model in the country.
Unbalanced translocation der(5;17) resulting in a TP53 loss as recurrent aberration in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype
Authors: Warnstorf Daria , Bawadi Randa , Schienke Andrea , Strasser Renate , Schmidt Gunnar , Illig Thomas , Tauscher Marcel , Thol Felicitas , Heuser Michael , Steinemann Doris , Davenport Claudia , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Behrens Yvonne Lisa , Göhring Gudrun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA complex karyotype, detected in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), is associated with a reduced median survival. The most frequent chromosomal aberrations in complex karyotypes are deletions of 5q and 17p harboring the tumor suppressor gene TP53. The unbalanced translocation der(5;17) involving chromosome 5q and 17p is a recurrent aberration in MDS/AML, resulting in TP53 loss. We analyzed the karyotypes of 178 patients with an unbalanced translocation der(5;17) using fluorescence R−/G‐banding analysis. Whenever possible, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (n = 138/141), multicolor FISH (n = 8), telomere length measurement (n = 9), targeted DNA sequencing (n = 13), array‐CGH (n = 7) and targeted RNA sequencing (n = 2) were conducted. The der(5;17) aberration was accompanied with loss of genetic material in 7q (53%), −7 (27%), gain of 21q (29%), +8 (17%) and − 18 (16%) and all analyzed patients (n = 13) showed a (likely) pathogenic variant inTP53. The der(5;17) cohort showed significantly shortened telomeres in comparison to the healthy age‐matched controls (P < .05), but there was no significant telomere shortening in comparison to MDS/AML patients with a complex karyotype without der(5;17). No fusion genes resulted from the unbalanced translocation. This study demonstrates that the unbalanced translocation der(5;17) is associated with a biallelic inactivation of TP53 due to a deletion of TP53 in one allele and a pathogenic variant of the second TP53 allele. Since the breakpoints are located within (near‐) heterochromatic regions, alterations of DNA methylation or histone modifications may be involved in the generation of der(5;17).
Administrative Coding in Electronic Health Care Record‐Based Research of NAFLD: An Expert Panel Consensus Statement
Authors: Hagström Hannes , Adams Leon A. , Allen Alina M. , Byrne Christopher D. , Chang Yoosoo , Grønbæk Henning , Ismail Mona , Jepsen Peter , Kanwal Fasiha , Kramer Jennifer , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Long Michelle T. , Loomba Rohit , Newsome Philip N. , Rowe Ian A. , Ryu Seungho , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Serper Marina , Sheron Nick , Simon Tracey G. , Tapper Elliot B. , Wild Sarah , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Yilmaz Yusuf , Zelber‐Sagi Shira , Åberg Fredrik 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims
Electronic health record (EHR)‐based research allows the capture of large amounts of data, which is necessary in NAFLD, where the risk of clinical liver outcomes is generally low. The lack of consensus on which International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes should be used as exposures and outcomes limits comparability and generalizability of results across studies. We aimed to establish consensus among a panel of experts on ICD codes that could become the reference standard and provide guidance around common methodological issues.

Approach and Results
Researchers with an interest in EHR‐based NAFLD research were invited to collectively define which administrative codes are most appropriate for documenting exposures and outcomes. We used a modified Delphi approach to reach consensus on several commonly encountered methodological challenges in the field. After two rounds of revision, a high level of agreement (>67%) was reached on all items considered. Full consensus was achieved on a comprehensive list of administrative codes to be considered for inclusion and exclusion criteria in defining exposures and outcomes in EHR‐based NAFLD research. We also provide suggestions on how to approach commonly encountered methodological issues and identify areas for future research.

Conclusions
This expert panel consensus statement can help harmonize and improve generalizability of EHR‐based NAFLD research.
Excessive focus on risk? Non‐performing loans and efficiency of microfinance institutions
Authors: Zamore Stephen , Beisland Leif Atle , Mersland Roy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicrofinance is a banking market in which operating costs are high, while non‐performing loans (NPLs) rates are low. While the existing literature tends to explain that the high operating costs arise from the provision of small loans, we argue that excessive efforts to control loan losses can also be a contributing factor. Therefore, this article investigates the relationship between NPLs and the cost efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Using a unique global sample of rated MFIs and applying stochastic frontier analysis together with Granger‐causality test and generalized method of moments (GMM), we find, in contrast to positive linear relationship evidence in commercial banking studies, a nonlinear (U‐shape) relationship between operating costs and NPLs. This implies that MFIs need to balance their cost efficiency with asset quality.
Forecasting stock prices using a data mining method: Evidence from emerging market
Authors: Farid Saqib , Tashfeen Rubeena , Mohsan Tahseen , Burhan Arsal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStock price forecasting is considered a challenging task because of the various characteristics of financial time series. In this study, we attempt to predict stock prices using data mining techniques in an emerging market. The study uses decision tree model, CRISP‐DM (Cross‐Industry Standard Process for data mining) for analysis by employing WEKA software. The study sample consists of ten firms of five different sectors listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The findings show accuracy ratios range between 50% and 60%. The findings imply that market participants can disclose higher returns by considering information embedded in previous stock prices. In addition, investors can take more prudent buy‐sell decisions in view of our findings.
Pilot monitoring and evaluation of the WHO postpartum family planning compendium mobile application: An in‐depth, qualitative study
Authors: Sonalkar Sarita , Maya Ernest , Adanu Richard , Samba Ali , Mumuni Kareem , McAllister Arden , Fishman Jessica , Schurr Danielle , Schreiber Courtney A. , Kolev Svetlin , Doe Roseline , Eluned Gaffield Mary 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility, functionality and acceptability of a mobile application (app), the World Health Organization (WHO) Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP) Compendium, in clinical care.MethodThis prospective qualitative study was conducted among family planning providers routinely delivering PPFP care in Accra, Ghana. We conducted in‐depth interviews at baseline and 3 months after app introduction. We elicited expected technological, psychological and environmental barriers to use, actual use in clinical settings, and feedback for app improvement. With inter‐coder reliability, we analyzed the content of interview transcripts.ResultsTwenty providers participated in baseline interviews, and 19 participated in follow‐up interviews. At baseline, providers did not have significant technological barriers to its use and felt the app was acceptable, but were concerned about the appropriateness of using an app during clinical care. At 3‐month follow‐up, 18 out of 19 participants reported using the app weekly, and found the app acceptable for use in clinical care. Providers recommended expanding clinical content and including similar guidance relevant to times outside the postpartum period.ConclusionUse of a PPFP counseling app to aid family planning providers in clinical care delivery is feasible and acceptable. Providers recommended inclusion of similar guidance relevant to times outside the postpartum period.
Summary of reference chemicals evaluated by the fish short‐term reproduction assay, OECD TG229, using Japanese Medaka,Oryzias latipes
Authors: Onishi Yuta , Tatarazako Norihisa , Koshio Masaaki , Okamura Tetsuro , Watanabe Haruna , Sawai Atsushi , Yamamoto Jun , Ishikawa Hidenori , Sato Tomomi , Kawashima Yukio , Yamazaki Kunihiko , Iguchi Taisen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnder the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD), the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOE) added Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to the test guideline fish short‐term reproduction assay (FSTRA) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) using fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The FSTRA was designed to detect endocrine disrupting effects of chemicals interacting with the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) such as agonists or antagonists on the estrogen receptor (Esr) and/or the androgen receptor (AR) and steroidogenesis inhibitors. We conducted the FSTRA with Japanese medaka, in accordance with OECD test guideline number 229 (TG229), for 16 chemicals including four Esr agonists, two Esr antagonists, three AR agonists, two AR antagonists, two steroidogenesis inhibitors, two progesterone receptor agonists, and a negative substance, and evaluated the usability and the validity of the FSTRA (TG229) protocol. In addition, in vitro reporter gene assays (RGAs) using Esr1 and ARβof Japanese medaka were performed for the 16 chemicals, to support the interpretation of the in vivo effects observed in the FSTRA. In the present study, all the test chemicals, except an antiandrogenic chemical and a weak Esr agonist, significantly reduced the reproductive status of the test fish, that is, fecundity or fertility, at concentrations where no overt toxicity was observed. Moreover, vitellogenin (VTG) induction in males and formation of secondary sex characteristics (SSC), papillary processes on the anal fin, in females was sensitive endpoints to Esr and AR agonistic effects, respectively, and might be indicators of the effect concentrations in long‐term exposure. Overall, it is suggested that the in vivo FSTRA supported by in vitro RGA data can adequately detect effects on the test fish,O. latipes, and probably identify the mode of action (MOA) of the chemicals tested.
Bioaugmentation with Ruminiclostridium thermocellumM3 to enhance thermophilic hydrogen production from agricultural solid waste
Authors: Sheng Tao , Meng Qingbin , Wen Xuechen , Sun Caiyu , Yang Lisha , Li Lixin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐efficiency saccharification technology is one of the bottlenecks of cellulosic bio‐hydrogen production. Cellulosic feedstocks saccharification currently performed by commercial cellulase, which is composed of different fungal cellulase. Compared with fungi, thermocellulosic bacteria represented by Ruminiclostridium thermocellum have a complete cellulase system, and a higher cellulase catalytic efficiency than fungi; however, R. thermocellum is susceptible to feedback inhibition by cellobiose, which limits the application of R. thermocellum on cellulosic bio‐hydrogen production. In this study, a strain named R. thermocellum M3, which is not subject to feedback inhibition by cellobiose, was used in the bio‐hydrogen production of cellulosic agricultural waste feedstocks to explore the feasibility of bacterial saccharification of cellulosic substrates for biological hydrogen production.RESULTSResults of batch tests indicate that the combination of domestic sewage sludge and strain M3 promoted the hydrogen production for different lignin content feedstocks (rice straw: from 0.66 to 6.42 mmol H2/g substrate; corn cob: from 0.61 to 5.55 mmol H2/g substrate; pine wood waste: from 0.58 to 5.32 mmol H2/g substrate), which were competitive with the combination of domestic sewage sludge and Trichoderma viride cellulase. Specific activity analysis indicates that compared with the addition of T. viride cellulase, the addition of strain M3 completed the cellulase system in sludge.CONCLUSIONThermo‐anaerobic bacteria R. thermocellum M3 enhanced the hydrogen production of the consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of raw lignocellulosic agricultural wastes and, more importantly, provided a promising solution for the CBP strategy in the industrial application of lignocellulose bioconversion. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure of the gonoduct of the viviparous teleost Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Poeciliidae)
Authors: Santamaría‐Martín Carlos J. , Plaul Silvia E. , Campuzano Caballero Juan C. , Uribe Mari C. , Barbeito Claudio G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuring embryogenesis, teleost females do not develop Müllerian ducts, which form the oviducts in all other vertebrates. Thus, when they reach sexual maturity they do not have oviducts. In viviparous teleosts, the lack of oviducts means that the development of the embryos occurs as an intraovarian gestation, unique among vertebrates. The ovary is an unpaired hollow organ whose cavity is continuous with the caudal portion, the gonoduct, characterized by the absence of germinal cells, which opens to the exterior at the gonopore. The gonoduct attains essential function as a barrier between the germinal region of the ovary and the exterior during all reproductive stages. This study describes the functional morphology of the gonoduct in the viviparous teleost Cnesterodon decemmaculatus during non‐gestation (previtellogenesis and vitellogenesis) and gestation. The ovaries were processed using histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin–eosin, and periodic acid Schiff. The gonoduct has two regions: cephalic and caudal, and is formed by three histological layers, which are, from inside to the periphery: (a) tunica mucosa; (b) tunica muscularis; and (c) tunica serosa. In the cephalic region there are mucosal folds extending into the lumen and forming a structure similar to a cervix. The histology of the gonoduct indicates essential functions, that is, (a) the control of the luminal diameter in the limit to the germinal region of the ovary by the presence of a cervix; (b) during insemination the gonoduct receives the spermatozoa, may store and transport them to the germinal region; (c) the presence of melano‐macrophage centers indicates support of immunological processes, especially during gestation when these centers increase in size; (d) production of exocrine secretions; and (e) it is the birth canal, internally lined by an ciliated epithelium and surrounded by smooth musclesboth tissues supposedly supporting the birth process.
Sinonasal complications associated with endoscopic orbital decompression
Authors: Suresh Rishi , Soparkar Charles N. , Alford Eugene L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveCharacterize sinonasal complications associated with endoscopic orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease (TED).MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients who underwent endoscopic orbital decompression at Houston Methodist Hospital by two otolaryngologists and one ophthalmologist between May 2016 and February 2020 for TED. Patient ethnicity, age, laterality, operative approach (middle turbinectomy vs middle turbinate sparing), and history of prior sinusitis were collected.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐five orbital decompressions met the inclusion criteria. Postoperative obstructive sinusitis where herniated orbital fat caused obstruction of the sinus ostium occurred in 5.5% of operations. Patients who had a prior history of sinusitis were more likely to develop postoperative obstructive sinusitis (P = .02). The middle turbinectomy approach was more likely to show a reduced incidence of postoperative sinusitis (P = .014).ConclusionGiven the increased difficulty of managing sinonasal complications in the context of a decompressed orbit, efforts should be made to identify factors that might reduce the incidence of postoperative endonasal complications. The current study suggests that resection of the middle turbinate may allow for increased space for orbital fat herniation and lead to a decreased incidence of postoperative obstructive sinusitis.Level of EvidenceIV.