bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firms Strategies and Their Three Elements
Authors: Yu Xiu-bao 
Published: April 2021

OutlineThe chapter elaborates on what each specific strategy means and how the three elements of each respective strategy are understood. Studies in this chapter reveal that the Competitive Strategy (or SBU Strategy) is well studied and concluded into systematic academic fruition. However, the academic community has not yet offered systematic insights in corporate strategy in spite of adequate research in competitive strategy and tactics.
Axionlike particles searches in reactor experiments
Authors: Sierra D. Aristizabal , De Romeri V. , Flores L. J. , Papoulias D. K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Reactor neutrino experiments provide a rich environment for the study of axionlike particles (ALPs). Using the intense photon flux produced in the nuclear reactor core, these experiments have the potential to probe ALPs with masses below 10 MeV. We explore the feasibility of these searches by considering ALPs produced through Primakoff and Compton-like processes as well as nuclear transitions. These particles can subsequently interact with the material of a nearby detector via inverse Primakoff and inverse Compton-like scatterings, via axio-electric absorption, or they can decay into photon or electron-positron pairs. We demonstrate that reactor-based neutrino experiments have a high potential to test ALP-photon couplings and masses, currently probed only by cosmological and astrophysical observations, thus providing complementary laboratory-based searches. We furthermore show how reactor facilities will be able to test previously unexplored regions in the ∼MeV ALP mass range and ALP-electron couplings of the order of gaee ∼ 10−8 as well as ALP-nucleon couplings of the order of $$ {g}_{ann}^{(1)} $$

g
ann

1

∼ 10−9, testing regions beyond TEXONO and Borexino limits.
The convex hull swampland distance conjecture and bounds on non-geodesics
Authors: Calderón-Infante José , Uranga Angel M. , Valenzuela Irene 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Swampland Distance Conjecture (SDC) restricts the geodesic distances that scalars can traverse in effective field theories as they approach points at infinite distance in moduli space. We propose that, when applied to the subset of light fields in effective theories with scalar potentials, the SDC restricts the amount of non-geodesicity allowed for trajectories along valleys of the potential. This is necessary to ensure consistency of the SDC as a valid swampland criterion at any energy scale across the RG flow. We provide a simple description of this effect in moduli space of hyperbolic space type, and products thereof, and obtain critical trajectories which lead to maximum non-geodesicity compatible with the SDC. We recover and generalize these results by expressing the SDC as a new Convex Hull constraint on trajectories, characterizing towers by their scalar charge to mass ratio in analogy to the Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture. We show that recent results on the asymptotic scalar potential of flux compatifications near infinity in moduli space precisely realize these critical amounts of non-geodesicity. Our results suggest that string theory flux compactifications lead to the most generic potentials allowing for maximum non-geodesicity of the potential valleys while respecting the SDC along them.
Superstrings in thermal anti-de Sitter space
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Troost Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We revisit the calculation of the thermal free energy for string theory in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime with Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz flux. The path integral calculation is exploited to confirm the off-shell Hilbert space and we find that the Casimir of the discrete representations of the isometry group takes values in a half-open interval. We extend the free energy calculation to the case of superstrings, calculate the boundary toroidal twisted partition function in the Ramond-Ramond sector, and prove lower bounds on the boundary conformal dimension from the bulk perspective. We classify Ramond-Ramond ground states and construct their second quantized partition function. The partition function exhibits intriguing modular properties.
HYPERBOLIC GROUPS AND NON-COMPACT REAL ALGEBRAIC CURVES
Authors: NATANZON SERGEY , PRATOUSSEVITCH ANNA 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the spaces of non-compact real algebraic curves, i.e. pairs (P, τ), where P is a compact Riemann surface with a finite number of holes and punctures and τ: P → P is an anti-holomorphic involution. We describe the uniformisation of non-compact real algebraic curves by Fuchsian groups. We construct the spaces of non-compact real algebraic curves and describe their connected components. We prove that any connected component is homeomorphic to a quotient of a finite-dimensional real vector space by a discrete group and determine the dimensions of these vector spaces.
Clinically applicable CD34+-derived blood dendritic cell subsets exhibit key subset-specific features and potently boost anti-tumor T and NK cell responses
Authors: van Eck van der Sluijs Jesper , van Ens Diede , Thordardottir Soley , Vodegel Denise , Hermens Inge , van der Waart Anniek B. , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Kester Michel G. D. , de Rink Iris , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M. , Borst Jannie , Schaap Nicolaas P. M. , Jansen Joop H. , Xiao Yanling , Dolstra Harry , Hobo Willemijn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), following induction chemotherapy, can be curative for hemato-oncology patients due to powerful graft-versus-tumor immunity. However, disease recurrence remains the major cause of treatment failure, emphasizing the need for potent adjuvant immunotherapy. In this regard, dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is highly attractive, as DCs are the key orchestrators of innate and adaptive immunity. Natural DC subsets are postulated to be more powerful compared with monocyte-derived DCs, due to their unique functional properties and cross-talk capacity. Yet, obtaining sufficient numbers of natural DCs, particularly type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s), is challenging due to low frequencies in human blood. We developed a clinically applicable culture protocol using donor-derived G-CSF mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for simultaneous generation of high numbers of cDC1s, cDC2s and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that these ex vivo-generated DCs highly resemble their in vivo blood counterparts. In more detail, we demonstrated that the CD141+CLEG9A+ cDC1 subset exhibited key features of in vivo cDC1s, reflected by high expression of co-stimulatory molecules and release of IL-12p70 and TNF-α. Furthermore, cDC1s efficiently primed alloreactive T cells, potently cross-presented long-peptides and boosted expansion of minor histocompatibility antigen-experienced T cells. Moreover, they strongly enhanced NK cell activation, degranulation and anti-leukemic reactivity. Together, we developed a robust culture protocol to generate highly functional blood DC subsets for in vivo application as tailored adjuvant immunotherapy to boost innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity in alloSCT patients.
Low-temperature and low-pressure effective fluorescence lifetimes and spectra of gaseous anisole and toluene
Authors: Beuting M. , Dreier T. , Schulz C. , Endres T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluorescence spectra and lifetimes of anisole and toluene vapor in nitrogen have been measured at conditions below ambient (257–293 K and 100–2000 mbar) upon excitation with 266-nm laser light to expand the applicable range of anisole and toluene laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for conditions below room temperature that occur in expanding flows and cases with strong evaporative cooling. Anisole fluorescence spectra broaden with decreasing pressure while fluorescence lifetimes decrease simultaneously. This is consistent with a more pronounced effect of internal vibrational redistribution on the overall fluorescence signal and can be explained by significantly reduced collision rates. In the case of toluene, the transition from photo-induced heating to photo-induced cooling was observed for the first time for 266 nm. The data confirm predictions of earlier work and is particularly important for the advancement of the available photo-physical (step-ladder) models: since those transitions mark points where the molecules are already thermalized after excitation (i.e., no vibrational relaxation occurs during deactivation), they are important support points for fitting empirical parameters and allow analytical determination of the ground state energy transferred to the excited state. The data enable temperature and/or pressure sensing, e.g., in accelerating cold flows using laser-induced fluorescence of both tracers.
The impact of data difficulty factors on classification of imbalanced and concept drifting data streams
Authors: Brzezinski Dariusz , Minku Leandro L. , Pewinski Tomasz , Stefanowski Jerzy , Szumaczuk Artur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClass imbalance introduces additional challenges when learning classifiers from concept drifting data streams. Most existing work focuses on designing new algorithms for dealing with the global imbalance ratio and does not consider other data complexities. Independent research on static imbalanced data has highlighted the influential role of local data difficulty factors such as minority class decomposition and presence of unsafe types of examples. Despite often being present in real-world data, the interactions between concept drifts and local data difficulty factors have not been investigated in concept drifting data streams yet. We thoroughly study the impact of such interactions on drifting imbalanced streams. For this purpose, we put forward a new categorization of concept drifts for class imbalanced problems. Through comprehensive experiments with synthetic and real data streams, we study the influence of concept drifts, global class imbalance, local data difficulty factors, and their combinations, on predictions of representative online classifiers. Experimental results reveal the high influence of new considered factors and their local drifts, as well as differences in existing classifiers’ reactions to such factors. Combinations of multiple factors are the most challenging for classifiers. Although existing classifiers are partially capable of coping with global class imbalance, new approaches are needed to address challenges posed by imbalanced data streams.
A generalized Fourier–Hermite method for the Vlasov–Poisson system
Authors: Kormann Katharina , Yurova Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA generalized Fourier–Hermite semi-discretization for the Vlasov–Poisson equation is introduced. The formulation of the method includes as special cases the symmetrically-weighted and asymmetrically-weighted Fourier–Hermite methods from the literature. The numerical scheme is formulated as a weighted Galerkin method with two separate scaling parameters for the Hermite polynomial and the exponential part of the new basis functions. Exact formulas for the error in mass, momentum, and energy conservation of the method depending on the parameters are devised and $$L^2$$

L
2

stability is discussed. The numerical experiments show that an optimal choice of the additional parameter in the generalized method can yield improved accuracy compared to the existing methods, but also reveal the distinct stability properties of the symmetrically-weighted method.
Using the 11-item Version of the RCADS to Identify Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents
Authors: Radez Jerica , Waite Polly , Chorpita Bruce , Creswell Cathy , Orchard Faith , Percy Ray , Spence Susan H. , Reardon Tessa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify items from the Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale – RCADS-C/P that provided a brief, reliable and valid screen for anxiety and/or depressive disorders in adolescents. In addition, we examined whether adding items assessing suicidal ideation (Moods and Feelings Questionnaire – MFQ- C/P) and symptom impact and duration (items adapted from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire – SDQ) improved the identification of adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. We compared two samples of adolescents and their parents – a community sample, recruited through secondary schools in England (n = 214) and a clinic-referred sample, who met diagnostic criteria for anxiety and/or depressive disorder and were recruited through a university-based research clinic (n = 246). Participants completed the RCADS-C/P with additional symptom impact and duration items, and the MFQ-C/P. Using ROC curve analyses, we identified a set of 11 RCADS-C/P items (6 addressing anxiety and 5 depression symptoms) for adolescent- and parent-report. This set of 11 symptom items achieved sensitivity/specificity values > .75, which were comparable to corresponding values for the RCADS-47-C/P. Combining adolescent and parent-report improved the identification of anxiety/depression in adolescents compared to using adolescent-report alone. Finally, adding two symptom impact items further improved the sensitivity/specificity of the 11 symptom items, whereas adding suicidal ideation items did not. The 11 RCADS items accurately discriminated between the community and clinic-referred sample with anxiety and/or depressive disorders and have the potential to quickly and accurately identify adolescents with these disorders in community settings.
SEOM clinical guideline for management of adult medulloblastoma (2020)
Authors: Luque R. , Benavides M. , del Barco S. , Egaña L. , García-Gómez J. , Martínez-García M. , Pérez-Segura P. , Pineda E. , Sepúlveda J. M. , Vieito M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent advances in molecular profiling, have reclassified medulloblastoma, an undifferentiated tumor of the posterior fossa, in at least four diseases, each one with differences in prognosis, epidemiology and sensibility to different treatments. The recommended management of a lesion with radiological characteristics suggestive of MB includes maximum safe resection followed by a post-surgical MR < 48 h, LCR cytology and MR of the neuroaxis. Prognostic factors, such as presence of a residual tumor volume > 1.5 cm2, presence of micro- or macroscopic dissemination, and age > 3 years as well as pathological (presence of anaplastic or large cell features) and molecular findings (group, 4, 3 or p53 SHH mutated subgroup) determine the risk of relapse and should guide adjuvant management. Although there is evidence that both high-risk patients and to a lesser degree, standard-risk patients benefit from adjuvant craneoespinal radiation followed by consolidation chemotherapy, tolerability is a concern in adult patients, leading invariably to dose reductions. Treatment after relapse is to be considered palliative and inclusion on clinical trials, focusing on the molecular alterations that define each subgroup, should be encouraged. Selected patients can benefit from surgical rescue or targeted radiation or high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous self-transplant. Even in patients that are cured by chemorradiation presence of significant sequelae is common and patients must undergo lifelong follow-up.
How an ongoing practice changes – Digitale Assistenztechnologie in der Behindertenhilfe
Authors: Rink Konstantin , Gruschka Tristan , Seelmeyer Udo , Dobslaw Gudrun , Becking Dominic , Palsbröker Patrick 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas vom BMBF geförderte Projekt Personalized Augmented Guidance for the Autonomy of People with Intellectual Impairments (PAGAnInI) ist interdisziplinär ausgerichtet und widmet sich zum einen der technischen Entwicklung eines Smartphone-gestützten Lernsystems, welches es Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen ermöglichen soll, sich weitgehend autonom im öffentlichen Raum zu bewegen. Zum anderen untersucht das Projekt den Implementierungsprozess dieser neuen digitalen Technologie in die Praxis der Behindertenhilfe. Mit Hilfe von Interviews, teilnehmender Beobachtung und Gruppendiskussionen wollen wir den Transformationsprozess der Praxis rekonstruieren und kritisch analysieren. Unser Projekt analysiert das Verhältnis von Technik, Akteur*innen und Adressat*innen in Bezug auf die Frage des Sozialpädagogischen und des professionellen Handelns und hat zum Ziel, sozialwissenschaftliche Grundlagenforschung, Praxisentwicklung und informationstechnische Entwicklung des Systems eng zu verzahnen.
Nanomedicine-based antimicrobial peptide delivery for bacterial infections: recent advances and future prospects
Authors: Thapa Raj Kumar , Diep Dzung B. , Tønnesen Hanne Hjorth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained wide interest as viable alternatives to antibiotics owing to their potent antimicrobial effects and the low propensity of resistance development. However, their physicochemical properties (solubility, charge, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity), stability issues (proteolytic or enzymatic degradation, aggregation, chemical degradation), and toxicities (interactions with blood components or cellular toxicities) limit their therapeutic applications.

Area covered
Nanomedicine-based therapeutic delivery is an emerging concept. The AMP loaded nanoparticles have been prepared and investigated for their antimicrobial effects. In this review, we will discuss different nanomedicine-based AMP delivery systems including metallic nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and their hybrid systems along with their future prospects for potent antimicrobial efficacy.

Expert opinion
Nanomedicine-based AMP delivery is a recent approach to the treatment of bacterial infections. The advantageous properties of nanoparticles including the enhancement of AMP stability, controlled release, and targetability make them suitable for the augmentation of AMP activity. Modifications in the nanomedicine-based approach are required to overcome the problems of nanoparticle instability, shorter residence time, and toxicity. Future rigorous studies for both the AMP loaded nanoparticle preparation and characterization, and detailed evaluations of their in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial effects and toxicities, are essential.
La gestione perioperatoria delle masse surrenaliche
Authors: Ceccato Filippo , Scaroni Carla 
Published: April 2021

SommarioLa gestione pre- e postoperatoria del paziente con lesione surrenalica candidato alla chirurgia richiede una diretta e costante collaborazione tra vari professionisti, formata da un team multidisciplinare. La buona pratica clinica che suggeriamo prevede di intervenire chirurgicamente solo dopo aver definito l’eventuale secrezione, ponendo particolare attenzione ai valori pressori e alla ionemia. Suggeriamo, inoltre, una gestione accorta del rischio di iposurrenalismo post-chirurgico e la prevenzione delle complicanze tromboemboliche.
Modeling partial lockdowns in multiplex networks using partition strategies
Authors: Plazas Adrià , Malvestio Irene , Starnini Michele , Díaz-Guilera Albert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNational stay-at-home orders, or lockdowns, were imposed in several countries to drastically reduce the social interactions mainly responsible for the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite being essential to slow down the COVID-19 pandemic, these containment measures are associated with an economic burden. In this work, we propose a network approach to model the implementation of a partial lockdown, breaking the society into disconnected components, or partitions. Our model is composed by two main ingredients: a multiplex network representing human contacts within different contexts, formed by a Household layer, a Work layer, and a Social layer including generic social interactions, and a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered process that mimics the epidemic spreading. We compare different partition strategies, with a twofold aim: reducing the epidemic outbreak and minimizing the economic cost associated to the partial lockdown. We also show that the inclusion of unconstrained social interactions dramatically increases the epidemic spreading, while different kinds of restrictions on social interactions help in keeping the benefices of the network partition.
Collapse rates of reinforced concrete structures during large magnitude earthquakes: case study for Romania
Authors: Pavel Florin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis case study focuses on the evaluation of the collapse rates of various types of reinforced concrete structures (residential and industrial) as observed from the data collected in Romania after the Mw 7.4 Vrancea earthquake of March 4, 1977. The results of the analyses show that the largest collapse rates were attributed to elevated reinforced concrete silos and water tanks. Moreover, the majority of the collapsed elevated reinforced concrete water tanks were full at the moment of the seismic event. Very small collapse rates were observed for high-rise residential RC structures and for the multi-storey industrial RC structures.
A Practical Approach for Identification of Magnetic Fabric Carriers in Rocks
Authors: Elhanati D. , Issachar R. , Levi T. , Weinberger R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMagnetic fabric analyses of rocks by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) are a robust petrofabric tool that has been used in varied geological environments and tectonic settings. A fundamental difficulty of this method is to define the dominant magnetic phases and their resulting geological interpretation. We study the magnetic behavior of rocks by simulating data of mixed magnetic phases (i.e., diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic). We show that it is possible to recognize the dominant magnetic phases by measuring the mean susceptibility at room temperature (kmRT) and at low temperature (kmLT). Distinct regions of magnetic phase dominancy are demonstrated in kmLT/kmRT versus kmRT and kmLT versus kmRT plots. We present a comprehensive approach by coupling the magnetic phase dominancy with possible magnetic fabrics, which are obtained from AMS measured at room and low temperatures (RT‐AMS and LT‐AMS) and anisotropy of anhysteretic remanent magnetization, into a scenario table. Application of this table allows a robust procedure for determining which magnetic phases are dominant, and permits a fast and reliable geological interpretation in complex settings.