bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐irradiation and gamma‐irradiation inactivate lymphocytes in blood components
Authors: Davis April M. , Aung Htet Htet , Costa Marylia J. , Dennington Peta M. , van der Wal Dianne E. , Marks Denese C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIrradiation of selected blood components is standard practice for the prevention of transfusion‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease (TA‐GvHD). Currently, gamma‐irradiation is the most widely used form of irradiation, but there is an increasing interest in X‐irradiation, which is considered to be functionally equivalent and safer. However, there is a paucity of contemporary data regarding the ability of X‐irradiation to inactivate lymphocytes in blood components. Therefore, the effect of gamma‐ and X‐irradiation on lymphocyte viability and function in blood components was compared.Study design and methodsLymphocytes were isolated from venous blood by density gradient centrifugation, spiked into plasma/SSP+ to simulate a blood component, and either gamma‐ or X‐irradiated. The phenotype of the isolated lymphocytes was confirmed. Lymphocyte viability was measured using a LIVE/DEAD assay, and function was assessed using mixed lymphocyte culture and CD69 expression post‐phorbol‐12 myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) stimulation.ResultsLymphocyte viability and CD69 expression following PMA stimulation were significantly reduced by both gamma‐irradiation and X‐irradiation in simulated blood components. Allorecognition and allostimulation were also significantly reduced by both gamma‐irradiation and X‐irradiation.ConclusionLymphocyte viability and function are reduced to a similar extent by gamma‐ and X‐irradiation in simulated blood components. As such, X‐irradiation is suitable for the irradiation of blood components and, in terms of lymphocyte inactivation, could be used instead of gamma‐irradiation.
Retrospective evaluation of gastrointestinal foreign bodies and presurgical predictors for enterectomy versus enterotomy in dogs (2013–2016): 82 cases
Authors: Hoffman Christopher L. , Mastrocco Alicia , Drobatz Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate preoperative diagnostics in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign body (GIFB) obstruction and to identify clinical variables associated with the performance of simple enterotomy (EO) versus enterectomy (EC).DesignRetrospective case control study from October 2013 to January 2016.SettingVeterinary Teaching Hospital.AnimalsEighty‐two client‐owned dogs diagnosed at the time of surgery with GIFB obstruction.Measurements and Main ResultsData were collected from medical records regarding history, initial physical examination, clinicopathologic testing, diagnostic imaging, and surgical reports. Based on univariate analysis, dogs that required EC were ill (P < 0.0001) and anorexic (P = 0.0007) for a longer duration; had a higher vomiting severity score (P = 0.005); and had worse perfusion parameters (mucous membrane color [P = 0.028] and quality [P = 0.032], poorer pulse quality [P = 0.0015], relatively lower blood pressure [P = 0.0328], greater heart rates [P = 0.0011]). Dogs undergoing EC were more likely to have altered peritoneal detail on radiographs (P = 0.0014; odds ratio [OR] = 25.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4, 275.7) and echogenic peritoneal effusion on ultrasound (P = 0.0101; OR = 12.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 120.9), compared to the EO group. Heart rate (adjusted P = 0.028; OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.1) and vomiting severity score (adjusted P = 0.028; OR = 5.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 26.1) maintained significance after multiple logistic regression.ConclusionsMultiple factors in the preoperative clinical evaluation were different between dogs undergoing EO versus EC for GIFB obstruction. However, many of these variables become insignificant with multiple logistic regression. The presence of an increased heart rate or increased vomiting severity score at presentation was independently associated with undergoing enterectomy. Prospective studies with greater number of animals are warranted to validate these results.
The crested caracara (Caracara plancus) eye: Morphologic observations and results of selected diagnostic tests
Authors: Baldotto Suelen Berger , Somma André Tavares , Lange Rogério Ribas , Machado Marcello , Moore Bret A. , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo provide a descriptive investigation about relevant features of the crested caracara's eye (Caracara plancus) and bony orbit, as well as provide data for ophthalmic tests.MethodsMorphological observations and the following diagnostic tests were performed: Schirmer tear test (STT), conjunctival flora evaluation, corneal touch threshold (CTT), intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), B‐mode ocular biometry, palpebral fissure length (PFL), and corneal diameter (CD) in 19 healthy birds, plus two macerated skulls. Not all birds were used for each test.ResultsSTT: 7.84 ± 3.05 mm/min; CTT: 2.46 ± 1.10 cm; IOP: 19.18 ± 3.07 mmHg; CCT: 0.31 ± 0.02 mm; PFL: 13.32 ± 1.06 mm; CD: 10.26 ± 2.43 mm; Axial globe length: 1.89 ± 0.06 cm; Anterior chamber depth: 0.27 ± 0.06 cm; Lens axial length: 4.55 ± 0.06 cm; Vitreous chamber depth: 1.2 ± 0.07 cm. The most frequent conjunctival bacterial isolates wereCorynebacteriumsp. (10/23.8%),Staphylococcussp. (9/21.42%),Streptococcussp. (7/16.6%), andE. coli(7/16.66%). The large lateral part of the palatine bone likely plays a role in the ventral protection of the globe against the impact of prey. Observed results are generally reflective of increased body mass compared to other Falconiformes, with values approaching those of similar sized Accipitriformes.ConclusionsThese data may help veterinarians recognize peculiar morphologic features and perform a more accurate diagnosis of eye diseases of this avian species.
Dynamic encoding of saccade sequences in primate frontal eye field
Authors: Jia Jing , Puyang Zhen , Wang Qingjun , Jin Xin , Chen Aihua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe frontal eye field (FEF) is a key part of the oculomotor system, with dominant responses to the direction of single saccades. However, whether and how FEF contributes to sequential saccades remain largely unknown. By training rhesus monkeys to perform saccade sequences, we found sequence‐related activities in FEF neurons, whose selectivity to saccade direction undergoes dynamic changes during sequential vs. single saccades. These sequence‐related activities are context‐dependent, exhibiting different firing activities during memory‐ vs. visually guided sequences. When the monkey was performing the sequential saccade task, the thresholds of microstimulation to evoke saccades in FEF were increased and the percentage of the successfully induced saccades was significantly reduced compared with the fixation condition. Pharmacological inactivation of FEF impaired the monkey's performance of previously learned sequential saccades, with different effects on the same actions depending on its position within the sequence. These results reveal the context‐dependent, sequence‐specific dynamic encoding of saccades in FEF, and underscore the crucial role of FEF in the planning and execution of sequential saccades.Key points
FEF neurons respond differently during sequential vs. single saccades
Sequence‐related FEF activity is context‐dependent
The microstimulation threshold in FEF was increased during the sequential task but the evoked saccade did not alter the sequence structure
FEF inactivation severely impaired the performance of sequential saccades
Influence of Pulse Characteristics on Turbocharger Radial Turbine
Authors: Mosca Roberto , Lim Shyang Maw , Mihaescu Mihai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Turbocharging has been demonstrated as a key technology to enhance fuel efficiency in the automotive field that faces increasingly stringent emission regulations. Due to the reciprocating engine, pulsating flow feds the turbocharger turbine, which experiences conditions far from a continuous flow scenario. In this work, the effects of the characteristics of the mass flow pulse, parameterized through amplitude, frequency, and temporal gradient, are decoupled and studied via unsteady computational fluid dynamics calculations under on-engine operating conditions. First, the model is validated based on comparisons with experimental data in gas-stand conditions. Then, the effect of each parameter on the exergy budget is assessed by considering a ±10% variation with respect to a baseline pulse. The other factors defining the operating conditions (e.g., mass flow, shaft speed, and inflow exergy) are kept the same as the baseline. The adopted approach enables to completely isolate the effects of each parameter in contrast with previous literature studies. Based on the results observed, pulse amplitude is identified as the primary parameter affecting the hot-side system response in terms of turbine performance, heat transfer, and entropy generation, while frequency and temporal gradient show a smaller influence compared to it. As the pulse amplitude increases, the turbine work is reported to improve up to 9.4%. Smaller variations are otherwise observed for the frequency and temporal gradient analysis. With a 10% increase of the pulse frequency, the turbine work is registered to improve by 5.0%, while the same percentage reduction of the temporal gradient leads to an increase of the turbine work equal to 3.6%.
Data-Driven Approach for Identifying Mistuning in As-Manufactured Blisks
Authors: Kelly Sean T. , Lupini Andrea , Epureanu Bogdan I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Sector-to-sector geometry or material property variations in as-manufactured bladed disks, or blisks, can result in significantly greater vibration responses during operation compared to nominally cyclic symmetric designs. The dynamics of blisks are sensitive to these unavoidable deviations, known as mistuning, making the identification of mistuning in as-manufactured blisks necessary for accurately predicting their vibration. As in previous mistuning modeling and identification approaches, the mistuning of interest is small and is parameterized by using deviations in cantilever blade-alone frequencies. Such mistuning parameterization is popular because it can be applied through blade-to-blade stiffness deviations in computational reduced-order models used to predict blisk dynamics. Previous approaches to identify such mistuning parameters often require the identification of modal information or blade-isolation techniques such as blade detuning using masses or adding damping pads. However, modal information can be difficult to obtain accurately even in optimal bench conditions. In addition, in practice it can be difficult to isolate individual blades by restricting blade motion around the blisk or detuning individual blades through added masses due to geometric constraints. In this article, we present a method for mistuning identification using a data-driven approach based on a neural network. The network is first trained using surrogate computational data. Thus, the data-driven portion of the approach is executed using surrogate computational methods. With the trained network, mistuning in all sectors of blisks with the same nominal geometry can be identified by using a small number of forced responses and the forcing phase information from traveling-wave excitation. In this approach, no system or sector-level modal response information, restrictive blade isolation, or mass detuning are required. We additionally present a method for forcing frequency selection and response conditioning to improve identification accuracy. Validation of this approach is presented using a finite element blisk model containing stiffness mistuning within the blades to create computationally generated surrogate data. It is shown that mistuning can be predicted accurately using forced responses containing a significant amount of absolute and relative measurement noise, mimicking responses collected from experimental measurements. In addition, it is shown that mistuning can be predicted independently and accurately using different engine orders of excitation in regions of high modal density.
Turn-Down Capability of Ansaldo Energia's GT26
Authors: Jakoby Ralf , Rinn Jörg , Appel Christoph , Studerus Adrien 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The operational flexibility of heavy-duty gas turbines is of increasing importance in today's power generation market. Fast startup, fast loading, grid frequency support, fuel flexibility, and turn-down capability are only some of the keywords that describe the challenges for GT manufacturers. This paper reports Ansaldo Energia's activities to further reduce the minimum environmental load of the GT26. The difficulties related to operation at very low loads and the solutions that were developed are explained. Furthermore, the results of engine validation tests of the new extended low load operation and extended low part load operation concepts are presented. The enhancement of the operational flexibility of the GT26 is in the focus of Ansaldo's development activities since many years. Its sequential combustion system is a very good basis for flexible and emission compliant operation down to very low loads. Ansaldo Energia's low part load (LPL) and low load operation (LLO) concepts are standard products in the GT26 flexibility portfolio and established in the market for many years. LPL operation extends the standard operating range down to low loads by switching off individual burners in the second combustor (sequential environmental (burner) (SEV) combustor). The compressor mass flow can be varied between idle and base load levels. Low load operation is characterized by a combination of idle compressor mass flow and base load temperatures in the first combustor (environmental (burner) combustor). The SEV combustor is switched off. LLO is intended to be a “parking point,” where the plant can operate in combined cycle mode during times of low electricity demand. Ansaldo Energia has conducted a development project in the past two years to further reduce the minimum simple cycle and combined cycle loads. The extension of the LLO and LPL operating ranges and their combination into one single feature are the main targets of the project.
Efficient Reliability-Based Mission Planning of Off-Road Autonomous Ground Vehicles Using an Outcrossing Approach
Authors: Jiang Chen , Liu Yixuan , Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Gorsich David , Fu Yan , Hu Zhen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Reliability-based mission planning of off-road autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs) aims to identify an optimal path under uncertain and deformable terrain environment, while satisfying specific mission mobility reliability (MMR) constraints. The repeated evaluation of MMR during path planning poses computational challenges for practical applications. This paper presents an efficient reliability-based mission planning using an outcrossing approach that has a similar computational complexity compared to deterministic mission planning. A Gaussian random field is employed to represent the spatially dependent uncertainty sources in the terrain environment. The latter are then used in conjunction with a vehicle mobility model to generate a stochastic mobility map. Based on the stochastic mobility map, outcrossing rate maps are generated using the outcrossing concept which is widely used in time-dependent reliability. Integration of the outcrossing rate map with a rapidly exploring random tree (RRT*) algorithm allows for efficient path planning of AGVs subject to MMR constraints. A reliable RRT* algorithm using the outcrossing approach (RRT*-OC) is developed to implement the proposed efficient reliability-based mission planning. Results of a case study with two scenarios verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Accessibility Versus Feasibility: Optimizing Function Allocation for Accommodation of Heterogeneous Populations
Authors: Knisely Benjamin M. , Vaughn-Cooke Monifa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Human beings are physically and cognitively variable, leading to a wide array of potential system use cases. To design safe and effective systems for highly heterogeneous populations, engineers must cater to this variability to minimize the chance of error and system failure. This can be a challenge because of the increasing costs associated with providing additional product variety. Most guidance for navigating these trade-offs is intended for late-stage design, when significant resources have been expended, thus risking expensive redesign or exclusion of users when new human concerns become apparent. Despite the critical need to evaluate accommodation-cost trade-offs in early stages of design, there is currently a lack of structured guidance. In this work, an approach to function modeling is proposed that allows the simultaneous consideration of human and machine functionality. This modeling approach facilitates the allocation of system functions to humans and machines to be used as an accessible baseline for concept development. Further, a multi-objective optimization model was developed to allocate functions with metrics for accommodation and cost. The model was demonstrated in a design case study. About 16 senior mechanical engineering students were recruited and tasked with performing the allocation task manually. The results were compared to the output of the optimization model. Results indicated that participants were unable to produce concepts with the same accommodation-cost efficiency as the optimization model. Further, the optimization model successfully produced a wide range of potential product concepts, demonstrating its utility as a decision-aid.
Optimization of a Radiant System for Hydrothermal Performance Using Taguchi and Utility Concept
Authors: Nath Ratnadeep , Verma Vikas , Tarodiya Rahul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Radiant floor panel technology is gaining popularity as an alternative system over the conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system to maintain the room temperature for the desired comfort. This research paper aims to optimize the hydrothermal performance of a radiant system by implementing the Taguchi technique and utility concept for cooling and heating mode of operation. Five geometrical and thermal parameters such as pipe diameter, pipe spacing, concrete layer thickness, wall temperature, and inlet and outlet water temperature difference with three levels are chosen as controlling factors to perform optimization. Considering five parameters and three levels, a total of 27 trial runs (L27) are constructed and computed by mathematical calculation. Two different sets of optimum parameters are obtained for maximizing heat flux and minimizing pressure drop. Furthermore, the utility concept is employed to get a single set of parameters to achieve maximum utilization of the radiant system. Taguchi analysis revealed that thermal parameters like temperature difference and wall temperature are the most influential parameters to reach maximum heat transfer and minimum pressure drop followed by geometrical parameters like pipe spacing and diameter for heat flux and pressure drop, respectively. Providing more weightage to heat flux than pressure drop, utility analysis showed 32% and 42% augmentation in heat flux for cooling and heating mode, respectively, at the cost of an increase in pressure drop.
An Enhanced Failure Mode Effect Analysis-Based Risk Assessment for Subsea Compressor Systems
Authors: Ge Haiyang , Gao Haibo , Chen Nian-Zhong , Lin Zhiguo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An enhanced failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) based risk assessment for subsea compressor systems was proposed in this study. The enhanced model was established using a combination of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and FMEA. Different from the traditional FMEA model, the model improved the capability to identify system faults and to further measure the risk of a subsea compressor system through effective qualitative and quantitative analyses. A case study was then conducted to demonstrate the capability of the developed method in a complete risk assessment for a subsea compressor system and the subsystems and subcomponents with low reliabilities were identified. Comparing the enhanced model with previous models, it is found that the potential risks of some components are changed, and the components with higher potential risks in the system are identified. Sensitivity analysis to investigate the impact of parameters of subcomponents on system reliability was also performed.
Wave Propagation in Tapered Periodic Curved Meta-Frame Using Floquet Theory
Authors: Prasad Rajan , Baxy Ajinkya , Banerjee Arnab 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, the elastic wave propagation and dispersion characteristics of a curved tapered frame structure are investigated analytically. Separately, wave propagation through uniform curved and straight tapered beam was reported in the existing literature; however, no literature reports the influence of simultaneous bent and taper on the wave propagation. In particular, the band characteristics for the curved and tapered beam with two types of cross sections, i.e., rectangular and circular, are presented. The paper elucidates that introducing a small periodic bent angle cross section produces a complete, viz., axial and flexural bandgap in the low-frequency region, and conicity enhances the width of the band. It is also evidenced that a curved tapered frame with a solid circular cross section induces a wider bandgap than the rectangular section. A complete first normalized bandwidth of 159% is achievable for the circular cross section and 123% in the case of the rectangular section. The complete result is presented in a non-dimensional framework for wider applicability. An analysis of a finite tapered curved frame structure also demonstrates the attenuating characteristics obtained from the band structure of the infinite structure. The partial wave mode conversion, i.e., generation of coupled axial and flexural mode from a purely axial or flexural mode in an uncoupled medium, is observed. This wave conversion is perceived in reflected and transmitted waves while this curved tapered frame is inserted between the two uniform cross-sectional straight frames.
Numerical Simulation of Disturbance Evolution in the Supersonic Boundary Layer over an Expansion Corner
Authors: Chuvakhov P. V. , Egorov I. V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract—
The linear and nonlinear stages of disturbance development in the supersonic boundary layer over a 10° expansion corner is investigated numerically within the framework of Navier—Stokes equations for Mach number 3. The effect of sudden flow expansion on the disturbance evolution is analyzed. The flow stabilization effect observable in the aerodynamic experiment is also discussed.
Highly twisted α-diketone-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters and their use in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Matulaitis Tomas , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M.Z. , Samuel Ifor D.W. , Zysman-Colman Eli 
Published: September 2021

We have designed a highly twisted small thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter PXZ-α-DK based on an α-diketone (α-DK) as a strong acceptor and phenoxazine (PXZ) as a strong donor to obtain red-shifted emission in comparison with the equivalent α-diketone linked to 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (DMAC). The PXZ-α-DK shows emission at 586 nm and DMAC-α-DK shows emission at 548 nm in 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) host at 1.5 wt% doping of the emitter, with short-delayed lifetimes of 6.9 μs for PXZ-α-DK and 7.6 μs for DMAC-α-DK. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated using these emitters show green electroluminescence at 555 nm for DMAC-α-DK, with a maximum external quantum efficiency, EQEmax, of 6.3%, and orange electroluminescence at 585 nm for PXZ-α-DK, with an EQEmax of 0.8%. We corroborate the optoelectronic properties of these emitters with DFT calculations.