bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of rectoanal pressures during Valsalva maneuver and evacuation uncovers rectoanal discoordination in defecatory disorders
Authors: Srinivasan Sushmitha Grama , Sharma Mayank , Feuerhak Kelly , Bailey Kent R. , Bharucha Adil E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is suggested that patients with defecation disorders (DD) strain excessively or do a Valsalva maneuver (VM) during evacuation, resulting in rectoanal discoordination, which hinders rectal evacuation. However, definitive data are lacking.MethodsRectoanal pressures during evacuation and a VM were measured with seated high‐resolution manometry (HRM) in 64 healthy and 136 constipated women with a normal (84 women, C‐normal) or prolonged (52 women, C‐abnormal) balloon expulsion time (BET). The number of abnormal rectoanal parameters during evacuation and the joint distribution of pressures during evacuation and a VM were used to discriminate between controls and C‐abnormal BET patients.Key ResultsThe peak anal pressure (5 s) during a VM accounted for 0%, 26%, and 49% of the variance in anal pressure during evacuation in healthy women, C‐normal BET, and C‐abnormal BET. The association between anal pressure during a VM and evacuation was stronger in C‐abnormal BET than in healthy women and C‐normal BET (p for interaction <0.001). Fifty‐eight of 64 controls and 33 of 52 C‐abnormal BET patients had no or one abnormal parameter during evacuation; hence, the probability of C‐abnormal BET was 33/91 (36%). In patients with no or one abnormal parameter during evacuation, a logistic model based on anal pressures during evacuation and a VM discriminated between controls and patients with C‐abnormal BET with a sensitivity and a specificity of 67% and 75%.ConclusionsAssessment of rectoanal pressures during evacuation and a VM uncovers rectaoanal discoordination and facilitates the diagnosis of DD in selected patients.
The 14‐3‐3 proteins: regulators of plant metabolism and stress responses
Authors: Zhao X. , Li F. , Li K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe 14‐3‐3 proteins bind to and modulate the activity of phosphorylated proteins that regulate a variety of metabolic processes in plants. Over the past decade interest in the plant 14‐3‐3 field has increased dramatically, mainly due to the vast number of mechanisms by which 14‐3‐3 proteins regulate metabolism. As this field develops, it is essential to understand the role of these proteins in metabolic and stress responses. This review summarizes current knowledge about 14‐3‐3 proteins in plants, including their molecular structure and function, regulatory mechanism and roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolism and stress responses. We begin with a molecular structural analysis of 14‐3‐3 proteins, which describes the basic principles of 14‐3‐3 function, and then discuss the regulatory mechanisms and roles in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of 14‐3‐3 proteins. We conclude with a summary of the 14‐3‐3 response to biotic stress and abiotic stress.
Transcript profiles analysis of citrus aquaporins in response to fruit water loss during storage
Authors: Zhang M. , Yang H. , Zhu F. , Xu R. , Cheng Y. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Water loss is an essential factor that affects the maintenance of quality of citrus fruit during postharvest handling and storage. Aquaporins (AQPs) play an important role in the transport of water across membranes. However, the expression profiling of AQPs is incomplete for citrus fruits during storage.

In this study, a post‐harvest storage experiment was performed using sweet orange fruits to determine changes in water loss and fruit quality. Also, genome‐wide expression analysis of CsAQP genes was carried out in fruit of different citrus varieties during storage.

Low humidity storage conditions accelerated the postharvest water loss and texture decline and increased the TSS content in the fruit. A total of 39 non‐redundant CsAQP genes were identified. A comprehensive analysis of these genes demonstrated that all AQPs had conserved filter motifs in the different citrus varieties examined. Moreover, multiple expression analysis revealed AQPs had complex expression profiles upon water loss in citrus fruit, being time‐specific in tight‐skin varieties (orange and pomelo varieties), tissue‐specific between peel and pulp, and variety‐specific between loose‐skin (mandarin varieties) and tight‐skin varieties (such as sweet orange and pummelo).

These results indicated that the relative humidity in storage environment affected the postharvest water loss and quality of citrus fruit. Besides, the alternation in AQPs expression may partially account for the different water loss ratio in citrus varieties and the transfer of water between the peel and the pulp of citrus fruit during storage.
Alone in the campaign: Distrust in regulators and the coping of front‐line workers
Authors: Davidovitz Maayan , Cohen Nissim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTrust is the “glue” connecting state and society and particularly relevant to how front‐line workers, who are the face of public administration vis‐à‐vis citizens, implement policy. Therefore, it is important to examine how front‐line workers' absence of trust in regulators influences the ways they cope with their clients. Our study investigates this question empirically through interviews and focus groups with 80 Israeli social service providers. Our results show that front‐line workers' distrust in regulators is a product of four factors: perceived lack of protection, clash of values, politicization in implementation processes, and regulators' “disconnection” from the field. It leads them to adopt two coping strategies: acts of self‐protection and deviation from formal policy. A further derivative is their turnover intention.
The effects of exergames on muscle strength: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Viana Ricardo Borges , de Oliveira Vinnycius Nunes , Dankel Scott J. , Loenneke Jeremy P. , Abe Takashi , da Silva Wellington Fernando , Morais Naiane Silva , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Andrade Marília Santos , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis examined studies on the chronic effects of exergames on muscle strength in humans. PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science, SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, and Google Scholar were searched, and manual searches of the reference lists of included studies and hand‐searches on Physiotherapy Evidence Database and ResearchGate were conducted from inception to August 10, 2020. Randomized and non‐randomized exergame intervention studies with or without a non‐exercise group and/or a “usual care intervention group” (any other intervention that did not incorporate exergames), which evaluated muscle strength through direct measurements, were included. Forty‐seven and 25 studies were included in the qualitative review and meta‐analysis, respectively. The between‐groups meta‐analyses showed no significant differences between exergames and non‐exercise control groups for handgrip strength in heathy/unhealthy middle‐aged/older adults or knee extension maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in healthy older adults. However, exergames provided a greater increase in handgrip strength, knee flexion MVIC, and elbow extension MVIC, but not knee extension MVIC or elbow flexion MVIC, in individuals with different health statuses when compared to usual care interventions. Also, there was a greater increase in handgrip strength in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy favouring usual care plus exergames compared to usual care interventions. These results suggest that exergames may improve upper and lower limb muscle strength in individuals with different heath statuses compared to usual care interventions, but not muscle strength in middle age/older adults after accounting for random error. Also, exergames appear to be a useful tool for improving handgrip strength in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy when added to usual care. However, as the exergame interventions were applied in different populations and there currently are many different approaches to perform exergames, future randomized controlled trials with high methodological quality and large sample sizes are needed to provide more compelling evidence in favour of a specific exergame protocol, or to elucidate exergame protocol design principles that appear to strongly influence outcomes.
Transfer of mitochondria and endosomes between cells by gap junction internalization
Authors: Norris Rachael P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntercellular organelle transfer has been documented in several cell types and has been proposed to be important for cell‐cell communication and cellular repair. However, the mechanisms by which organelle transfer occurs are uncertain. Recent studies indicate that the gap junction protein, connexin 43 (Cx43), is required for mitochondrial transfer but its specific role is unknown. Using three‐dimensional electron microscopy and immunogold labeling of Cx43, this report shows that whole organelles including mitochondria and endosomes are incorporated into double‐membrane vesicles, called connexosomes or annular gap junctions, that form as a result of gap junction internalization. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for intercellular organelle transfer mediated by Cx43 gap junctions.
Survey of group A plasma and low‐titer group O whole blood use in trauma resuscitation at adult civilian level 1 trauma centers in the US
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Spinella Philip C. , Anto Vincent , Dunbar Nancy M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecently revisited products like low‐titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) and novel applications of group A as a universal donor of plasma are being used for trauma resuscitation. A survey of American Level 1 trauma centers was performed to elucidate the extent to which these products are currently employed.MethodsA survey was written that probed into the current use of blood products in trauma resuscitation with specific emphasis on LTOWB and group A plasma. A list of adult civilian Level 1 trauma centers in the continental USA was obtained from two public surgery and trauma focused websites. An email was then sent to each center's transfusion service medical director or laboratory manager providing them with a link to the online survey.ResultsResponses were received from 103/187 (55%) adult civilian Level 1 trauma centers. For the resuscitation of trauma patients, group A plasma was used at 94/103 (91%) centers, while LTOWB was used at 43/103 (42%) centers. There were 39/103 (38%) centers that used both products. At 62/94 (66%) of the centers that used group A plasma, there was no limit on the number of units that could be administered, while an unlimited number of LTOWB units could be used at 5/43 (12%) of the centers that used LTOWB. RhD‐positive LTOWB could be transfused to RhD‐negative or RhD‐type unknown females of childbearing potential at 22/43 (51%) of centers.ConclusionThe use of group A plasma and LTOWB in trauma is increasing at American Level 1 trauma centers.
Comparison of sedation quality and safety of detomidine and romifidine as a continuous rate infusion for standing elective laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares
Authors: Lawless Shauna P. , Moorman Valerie J. , Hendrickson Dean A. , Mama Khursheed R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare efficacy and safety of a continuous rate infusion of detomidine hydrochloride and romifidine hydrochloride for standing elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares.Study DesignBlinded, randomized prospective clinical study.AnimalsEighteen healthy mares presenting for elective bilateral ovariectomyMethodsMares were randomly assigned to one of two sedation protocols. Prior to surgery, baseline head height, heart rate, respiratory rate, and postural sway were recorded. An IV loading dose of α2‐agonist (46 μg/kg romifidine or 13.9 μg/kg detomidine) was administered. Standing sedation was maintained with a continuous rate infusion of the respective α2‐agonist (126 μg/kg/h romifidine or 37.8 μg/kg/h detomidine). Intraoperative measurements included respiratory rate, heart rate, head height, postural sway, and response to surgical stimulus. Postoperatively, fecal output was recorded, and pain scoring was performed using composite pain score and visual analog scales.ResultsThree of 18 horses required additional α‐2 agonists: one detomidine and two romifidine and butorphanol. Head height during surgery was lower (p < .001) in mares receiving detomidine. Postural sway around the vertical axis was greater in mares sedated with detomidine rather than romifidine (p = .013). No differences were detected in intraoperative heart rate, postoperative pain scores or postoperative fecal output between sedation techniques.ConclusionComparable scores for surgical stimulation and sedation were measured in both sedation groups. No differences in postoperative analgesia or manure production were identified.Clinical SignificanceRomifidine appears suitable as an alternative to detomidine and may limit ataxia and head drop in sedated horses.
Toll‐like receptor activation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells to enhance antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory cytokine secretion
Authors: Pezzanite Lynn M. , Chow Lyndah , Johnson Valerie , Griffenhagen Gregg M. , Goodrich Laurie , Dow Steven 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate effects of Toll‐like and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor (TLR, NLR) ligand stimulation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties in vitro.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.Sample PopulationEquine bone‐marrow‐derived MSCs (three horses).MethodsMSCs were stimulated with TLR (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [pIC] and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and NLR agonists (γ‐d‐Glu‐mDAP [IE‐DAP]) for 2 h, and plated at 1 × 105 cells/well 24 h. MSC‐conditioned media (MSC‐CM) were collected and assessed for antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin/LL‐37 production, bactericidal action against multidrug‐resistant planktonic and biofilm Staphylococcus aureus and neutrophil phagocytosis. Bacterial growth was measured by plating bacteria and counting viable colonies, reading culture absorbance, and live‐dead staining with confocal microscopy imaging. Following initial comparison of activating stimuli, TLR3‐agonist pIC protocols (cell density during activation and plating, culture time, %serum) were further optimized for bactericidal activity and secretion of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), monocyte‐chemoattractant‐protein (MCP‐1), and cathelicidin/LL37.ResultsMSCs stimulation with pIC (p = .004) and IE‐DAP (p = .03) promoted increased bactericidal activity, evidenced by reduced viable planktonic colony counts. PIC stimulation (2 × 106 cells/ml, 2 h, 10 μg/ml) further suppressed biofilm formation (p = .001), enhanced neutrophil bacterial phagocytosis (p = .009), increased MCP‐1 secretion (p < .0001), and enhanced cathelicidin/LL‐37 production, which was apparent when serum concentration in media was reduced to 1% (p = .01) and 2.5% (p = .05).ConclusionTLR‐3 pIC MSCs activation was most effective to enhance antibacterial and cytokine responses, which were affected by serum reduction.Clinical SignificanceIn vitro TLR‐3 activation of equine MSCs tested here may be a strategy to improve antibacterial properties of MSCs to treat antibiotic‐resistant infections.
Influence of normograde versus retrograde catheterization of bile ducts in dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele
Authors: Putterman Allison B. , Selmic Laura E. , Kindra Cameron , Duffy Daniel J. , Risselada Marije , Phillips Heidi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of normograde (NG) versus retrograde (RG) catheterization of the cystic duct and common bile duct (CBD) in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles (GBM) treated with open cholecystectomy.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsDogs (n= 117) with GBM.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical laboratory and diagnostic imaging findings, details of surgery including catheterization method, complications, and outcome. Long‐term follow‐up data were obtained by telephone or electronic communication. Relationships between catheterization method and clinical variables and outcome were evaluated.ResultsDogs catheterized RG were more likely to experience any postoperative complication (p= .0004) including persistence of gastrointestinal signs (p= .0003). Survival to discharge and long‐term survival did not differ by group (p= .23 andp= .49). Total bilirubin (TB) decreased by 70.3% after NG catheterization compared to 39.1% after RG catheterization (p= .03) and increased in 14.9% dogs catheterized NG and 38.0% dogs catheterized RG (p= .004). The presence of a diplomate surgeon at surgery resulted in decreased incidences of any perioperative or postoperative complication (p= .003 andp= .05).ConclusionRetrograde catheterization was associated with more postoperative concerns than NG catheterization, but similar survival times. Surgery should be performed by diplomates experienced in biliary surgery to minimize complications.Clinical significanceAlthough both NG and RG techniques to catheterize the cystic duct and CBD are options for treatment of GBM with low mortality, results of this study provide some evidence to recommend NG over RG catheterization.
Uncertainty Estimation of Biomedical Oximeters: Proposal for an Experimental Test-Bench
Authors: Marchionni Paolo , Nobile Stefano , Carnielli Virgilio P. , Scalise Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Paramagnetic oximeters are frequently used in clinical practice to measure and titrate the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) administered to a hypoxic patient. Newborns are prone to several diseases leading to hypoxia but also to oxidative damage, therefore a precise measurement of administered oxygen is of paramount importance. In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of four commonly used gas analyzers at a Neonatal Unit. A paramagnetic gas analyzer was considered the standard for reference. Gas mixing performed by blenders was also evaluated. We first assessed the stability and composition of O2 and medical air. A settling time study was conducted to estimate a steady-state. Results show how tested blenders underestimated the real measures when FiO2 was &lt;50% and overestimated them when FiO2 ≥50%. In all the tested oximeters the FiO2 was underestimated by 1.18%, but the overall agreement with the gold standard was very good.
Open Source Filament Diameter Sensor for Recycling, Winding, and Additive Manufacturing Machines
Authors: Petsiuk Aliaksei , Pearce Joshua M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To overcome the challenge of upcycling plastic waste into three-dimensional (3D) printing filament in the distributed recycling and additive manufacturing systems, this study designs, builds, tests, and validates an open-source filament diameter sensor for recycling and winding machines. The modular system for multi-axis optical control of the diameter of the recycled 3D-printer filament makes it possible to scan part of the surface of the processed filament, save the history of measurements along the entire length of the spool, as well as mark defective areas. The sensor is developed as an independent module and integrated into a recyclebot. It was tested on different kinds of polymers (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactide (PLA)), different sources of plastic, and different colors including clear plastic. The results were compared with the manual measurements, and the measurements obtained with a one-dimensional digital light caliper. The results found that the developed open-source filament sensing method allows users to obtain significantly more information in comparison with basic one-dimensional light sensors and using the received data not only for more accurate diameter measurements but also for a detailed analysis of the recycled filament surface. This could help to expand the use of plastic recycling technologies in the manufacturing community. The availability of tools for possible texture analysis could also stimulate the growth of composite materials creation. The presented system can greatly enhance the user possibilities and serve as a starting point for a complete recycling control system that will regulate motor parameters to achieve the desired filament diameter with acceptable deviations and even control the extrusion rate on a printer to recover from filament irregularities.
Optimization of Translational Flexure Joints Using Corrugated Units Under Stress Constraints
Authors: Li Canran , Wang Nianfeng , Yue Fan , Zhang Xianmin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When optimizing corrugated flexure (CF) joints, most approaches for calculating the maximum stress on the CF beam depend on finite element analysis (FEA). The current paper introduces the design optimization for joints using CF units under stress constraints. The stress state is solved; based on that, the maximum displacement under stress constraints is deduced. The natural frequency formula of the translational joint is further derived from the results of the stiffness matrix. The stage configurations corresponding to the maximum displacement are optimized by restricting the off-axis/axial stiffness ratio and natural frequency of the joint. The optimal results of different types are validated by FEA and experiments.
Experimental Study on a New Small-Scale Absorption System: Response Surface and Inverse Analyses
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Das Ranjan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new small-scale lithium bromide (LiBr)-water absorption system consisting water-cooled absorber and air-cooled condenser is experimentally studied. For compactness, the heat exchangers for evaporator, absorber, and generator are made helical-coiled type, whereas based on the water availability and load requirements, condenser is air-cooled. Accurate empirical correlations for thermal load and evaporator temperature against the concerning system driving factors have been reported. Response surface analyses of the performance parameters are studied with respect to LiBr concentration, temperature of generator, and mass flowrate of hot water. Using experimental data, the estimation of overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and its variation with system driving factors is quantified. The error margin between theoretical and actual pressure loss is limited within 5%. Next, a multi-objective inverse analysis of the developed system is done to simultaneously retrieve the required LiBr concentration, mass flowrate of hot water, and vapor generator temperature to derive a desired cooling performance demand from the system. The physics related to salt concentration and generator temperature in governing U values are reported. It can be established that the necessary operational parameters can be predicted by the present multi-objective inverse method to meet the necessary thermal load and temperature demands within an accuracy level of 6% and 5%, respectively.