bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's mental and behavioral health, schooling, and socioeconomic characteristics during school closure in France due to COVID-19: the SAPRIS project
Authors: Monnier Maëva , Moulin Flore , Thierry Xavier , Vandentorren Stéphanie , Côté Sylvana , Barbosa Susana , Falissard Bruno , Plancoulaine Sabine , Charles Marie-Aline , Simeon Thierry , Geay Bertrand , Marchand Laetitia , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Melchior Maria , Rouquette Alexandra ,   the SAPRIS study group, Bajos Nathalie , Carrat Fabrice , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Charles Marie-Aline , Jusot Florence , Martin Claude , Meyer Laurence , Pailhé Ariane , Rouquette Alexandra , Severi Gianluca , Spire Alexis , Touvier Mathilde , Zins Marie , Galera Cédric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 limitation strategies have led to widespread school closures around the world. The present study reports children’s mental health and associated factors during the COVID-19 school closure in France in the spring of 2020. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the SAPRIS project set up during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. Using multinomial logistic regression models, we estimated associations between children’s mental health, children’s health behaviors, schooling, and socioeconomic characteristics of the children’s families. The sample consisted of 5702 children aged 8–9 years, including 50.2% girls. In multivariate logistic regression models, children’s sleeping difficulties were associated with children’s abnormal symptoms of both hyperactivity-inattention (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 2.05; 95% Confidence Interval 1.70–2.47) and emotional symptoms (aOR 5.34; 95% CI 4.16–6.86). Factors specifically associated with abnormal hyperactivity/inattention were: male sex (aOR 2.29; 95% CI 1.90–2.76), access to specialized care prior to the pandemic and its suspension during school closure (aOR 1.51; 95% CI 1.21–1.88), abnormal emotional symptoms (aOR 4.06; 95% CI 3.11–5.29), being unschooled or schooled with assistance before lockdown (aOR 2.13; 95% CI 1.43–3.17), and tutoring with difficulties or absence of a tutor (aOR 3.25; 95% CI 2.64–3.99; aOR 2.47; 95% CI 1.48–4.11, respectively). Factors associated with children’s emotional symptoms were the following: being born pre-term (aOR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03–1.73), COVID-19 cases among household members (aOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.08–2.73), abnormal symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention (aOR 4.18; 95% CI 3.27–5.34) and modest income (aOR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07–1.96; aOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.01–1.84). Multiple characteristics were associated with elevated levels of symptoms of hyperactivity-inattention and emotional symptoms in children during the period of school closure due to COVID-19. Further studies are needed to help policymakers to balance the pros and cons of closing schools, taking into consideration the educational and psychological consequences for children.
Need for discriminating between diagnostic and screening efficacy to estimate a biomarker based on case control and cohort studies
Authors: Hui Liu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study proposes the comprehensive index of biomarker (CIB), based on the consistency of a biomarker in case control (Youden index, J) and cohort studies (Crc), to evaluate biomarker efficacy. CIB was calculated as the mean of J and Crc. Analysis of the effect of sensitivity and specificity on CIB and ROC analysis of CIB were performed in simulated and actual datasets. J and CIB had similar values for high-probability events (say probability was 0.50), but there was a significant difference between J and CIB for low-probability events (say probability was 0.05). Therefore, as the subjects considered for diagnosis are usually symptomatic, the occurrence of a disease can be assumed to be a high-probability event. In contrast, as the subjects considered in screening for a disease are usually healthy and asymptomatic, the occurrence of a disease is assumed to be a low-probability event. Although J is the common index used to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness, unfortunately, the J value is significantly larger than CIB value in a low-probability event, showing overestimation for screening purpose. CIB could have more potential than J for determining the screening efficacy of a biomarker. The efficacy of a biomarker could differ for diagnostic, screening, predictive, and prognostic purposes, and it would be better to evaluate the efficacy of biomarkers for specific systems or contexts.
Silicon nanorod formation from powder feedstock through co-condensation in plasma flash evaporation and its feasibility for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tanaka Akihiro , Ohta Ryoshi , Dougakiuchi Masashi , Tanaka Toshimi , Takeuchi Akira , Fukuda Kenichi , Kambara Makoto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSi nanowires/nanorods are known to enhance the cycle performance of the lithium-ion batteries. However, viable high throughput production of Si nanomaterials has not yet attained as it requires in general expensive gas source and low-rate and multiple-step approach. As one of the potential approaches, in this work, we report the fast-rate Si nanorod synthesis from low-cost powder source by the modified plasma flash evaporation and the fundamental principle of structural formation during gas co-condensation. In this process, while Si vapors are formed in high temperature plasma jet, molten copper droplets are produced separately at the low temperature region as catalysts for growth of silicon nanorods. Si rods with several micrometers long and a few hundred of nanometers in diameter were produced in a single process at rates up to 40 µm s−1. The growth of the Si nanorods from powder source is primarily characterized by the vapor–liquid–solid growth which is accelerated by the heat extraction at the growth point. The battery cells with the Si nanorods as the anode have shown that a higher capacity and better cyclability is achieved for the nanorods with higher aspect ratios.
Isoform specific anti-TGFβ therapy enhances antitumor efficacy in mouse models of cancer
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Budhu Sadna , Fitzgerald Kelly , Giese Rachel , Michel Adam O. , Holland Aliya , Campesato Luis Felipe , van Snick Jacques , Uyttenhove Catherine , Ritter Gerd , Wolchok Jedd D. , Merghoub Taha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTGFβ is a potential target in cancer treatment due to its dual role in tumorigenesis and homeostasis. However, the expression of TGFβ and its inhibition within the tumor microenvironment has mainly been investigated in stroma-heavy tumors. Using B16 mouse melanoma and CT26 colon carcinoma as models of stroma-poor tumors, we demonstrate that myeloid/dendritic cells are the main sources of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3. Depending on local expression of TGFβ isoforms, isoform specific inhibition of either TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 may be effective. The TGFβ signature of CT26 colon carcinoma is defined by TGFβ1 and TGFβ1 inhibition results in tumor delay; B16 melanoma has equal expression of both isoforms and inhibition of either TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 controls tumor growth. Using T cell functional assays, we show that the mechanism of tumor delay is through and dependent on enhanced CD8+ T cell function. To overcome the local immunosuppressive environment, we found that combining TGFβ inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade results in improved tumor control. Our data suggest that TGFβ inhibition in stroma poor tumors shifts the local immune environment to favor tumor suppression.
Transcriptional changes and the role of ONECUT1 in hPSC pancreatic differentiation
Authors: Heller Sandra , Li Zhijian , Lin Qiong , Geusz Ryan , Breunig Markus , Hohwieler Meike , Zhang Xi , Nair Gopika G. , Seufferlein Thomas , Hebrok Matthias , Sander Maike , Julier Cécile , Kleger Alexander , Costa Ivan G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCell type specification during pancreatic development is tightly controlled by a transcriptional and epigenetic network. The precise role of most transcription factors, however, has been only described in mice. To convey such concepts to human pancreatic development, alternative model systems such as pancreatic in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells can be employed. Here, we analyzed stage-specific RNA-, ChIP-, and ATAC-sequencing data to dissect transcriptional and regulatory mechanisms during pancreatic development. Transcriptome and open chromatin maps of pancreatic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells provide a stage-specific pattern of known pancreatic transcription factors and indicate ONECUT1 as a crucial fate regulator in pancreas progenitors. Moreover, our data suggest that ONECUT1 is also involved in preparing pancreatic progenitors for later endocrine specification. The dissection of the transcriptional and regulatory circuitry revealed an important role for ONECUT1 within such network and will serve as resource to study human development and disease.
Fitting XMM-Newton observations of the AXP 1RXS J170849.0−400910 with four magnetar surface emission models, and predictions for X-ray polarization observations with IXPE
Authors: Krawczynski Henric , Taverna Roberto , Turolla Roberto , Mereghetti Sandro , Rigoselli Michela 
Published: November 2021

Context. Phase-resolved spectral and spectropolarimetric X-ray observations of magnetars present us with the opportunity to test models of the origin of the X-ray emission from these objects, and to constrain the properties of the neutron star surface and atmosphere.
Aims. Our first aim is to use archival XMM-Newton observations of the magnetar 1RXS J170849.0−400910 to ascertain how well four emission models describe the phase-resolved XMM-Newton energy spectra. Our second aim is to evaluate the scientific potential of future spectropolarimetric observations of 1RXS J170849.0−400910 with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) scheduled for launch in late 2021. The most salient questions are whether IXPE is able to distinguish between the different emission models, and whether IXPE can unambiguously detect the signatures of quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects in strong magnetic fields.
Methods. We used numerical radiation transport calculations for a large number of different system parameters to predict the X-ray flux and polarization energy spectra of the source 1RXS J170849.0−400910. Based on the numerical results, we developed a new model to fit phase-resolved and phase-averaged X-ray spectral (i.e., XMM-Newton and IXPE) and spectropolarimetric (IXPE) data. In order to test the sensitivity of IXPE to strong-field QED effects, we fit a simulated IXPE observation with two versions of the model, i.e., with and without QED effects accounted for.
Results. The fixed-ions condensed surface model gives the best description of the phase-resolved XMM-Newton spectra, followed by the blackbody and free-ions condensed surface models. The magnetized atmosphere model gives a poor description of the data and seems to be largely excluded. Simulations show that the IXPE observations of sources such as 1RXS J170849.0−400910 will allow us to cleanly distinguish between high-polarization (blackbody, magnetized atmosphere) and low-polarization (condensed surface) models. If the blackbody or magnetized atmosphere models apply, IXPE can easily prove QED effects based on ∼200 ksec observations as studied here; longer IXPE observation times will be needed for a clear detection in the case of the condensed surface models.
Conclusions. The XMM-Newton data have such a good signal-to-noise ratio that they reveal some limitations of the theoretical models. Notwithstanding this caveat, the fits clearly favor the fixed-ions condensed surface and blackbody models over the free-ions condensed surface and magnetized atmosphere models. The IXPE polarization information will greatly help us to figure out how to improve the models. The first detection of strong-field QED effects in the signal from astrophysical sources seems possible if an adequate amount of time is dedicated to the observations.
Interferon-Gamma (IFNg) +874A/T Polymorphism Does Not Significantly Affect the Severity of Periodontitis
Authors: Maulani Chaerita , Auerkari Elza Ibrahim , Masulili Sri Lelyati C. , Kusdhany Lindawati S. , Soeroso Yuniarti , Soedarsono Nurtami 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives Interferon-gamma (IFNg) is an immune-regulatory cytokine with a role in host responses to periodontitis. Genetic factors have been reported to modify the corresponding protein expression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association and role of IFNg polymorphisms, such as IFNg +874 A/T, and the susceptibility to periodontitis.
Materials and Methods A total of 100 unrelated subjects were included in the present study. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was obtained from peripheral blood of 43 patients with mild periodontitis and 57 patients with severe periodontitis. The determined clinical parameters of periodontitis included probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and papilla bleeding index. The oral hygiene indicators were also assessed. The level of IFNg was determined from the gingival crevicular fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The IFNg +874 A/T polymorphisms were analyzed from peripheral blood by the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction.
Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using chi-squared testing for categorical data. Independent t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for numeric data. Kruskal–Wallis testing was used to compare genotypes concerning for IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism. A p-value < 0.05 was assumed for statistical significance.
Results Analysis of the IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism showed no significant differences with the level of IFNg. No significant differences were observed either in IFNg +874 A/T polymorphism between the subjects with mild periodontitis and those with severe periodontitis (p  >  0.05). The subjects with severe periodontitis showed marginally but not significantly higher levels of IFNg compared with subjects with mild periodontitis (p  >  0.05).
Conclusion The polymorphism of IFNg +874 A/T was not associated with the level of IFNg nor with the risk of periodontitis in this study.
Taxonomy of questions in TaiwanSouthern Min
Authors: Hsiao Pei-Yi , Her One-Soon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Contra the conventional four-way distinction of syntactically-formed questions in Taiwan Southern Min (TSM): (i) yes-no, (ii) A-not-A, (iii) disjunctive, and (iv) wh-questions (e.g., Lau 2010a), we justify a more revealing dichotomy of confirmation-seeking (CS) polar questions and information-seeking (IS) constituent questions, based on a suite of semantic and syntactic tests proposed in extensive literature for Mandarin and adapted further for TSM, where A-not-A belongs to the disjunctive type, which is in turn a subcategory of IS constituent questions. Controversies over the proper status of some sentence-final question particles and kám questions are also deliberated. Dismissing some alleged polar question particles as polar or A-not-A tags, we recognize nih and honnh as interrogative polar particles. We also show that kám has two underlying forms. One is a portmanteau word of the modal kánn and the negator m̄ and thus forms a whether-or-not disjunctive question (Huang 1988a, 1991). However, when kám is short for kámkong ‘don’t tell me’, similar to the Mandarin nandao, it appears in a polar question.
Gibbsiella quercinecans
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Gibbsiella quercinecans
Brady et al (Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacterales: Enterobacteriaceae). Hosts: oak (
Quercus
spp.) and walnut (
Juglans regia
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Iran) and Europe (Latvia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, England, Wales).
Physics competitions in the time of a pandemic: 3D printing as a new approach to the quantitative investigation of Cartesian divers at home
Authors: Bley Jonas , Pietz Antony , Fösel Angela , Schmiedeberg Michael , Heusler Stefan , Pusch Alexander 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite the difficult circumstances due to the COVID-19 pandemics, physics students can tackle interesting questions that are part of physics competitions as the German Physicists’ Tournament (GPT) 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemics in 2020, many competitions such as the GPT are held online. Furthermore, the usual options of equipment offered by the supervising university institutions could not be used by the students. The problems of the GPT 2020 therefore had to be chosen in such a way that they could be examined at home using simple means. One of these supposedly simple but profound experiments—the Cartesian diver—is described in this article. The physics of the Cartesian diver has been discussed before Fakhruddin (2003 Phys. Teach.
41 53), Güémez et al (2002 Am. J. Phys.
70 710) and De Luca and Ganci (2011 Phys. Educ.
46 528), as well as various modifications (Ivanov and Nikolov 2019 Phys. Educ.
55 025006). We present a new way of investigating Cartesian divers quantitatively by using 3D printing and common household materials. The paper is addressed to undergraduate students and educators teaching physics at university.
Piezoelectric MEMS—evolution from sensing technology to diversified applications in the 5G/Internet of Things (IoT) era
Authors: Le Xianhao , Shi Qiongfeng , Vachon Philippe , Ng Eldwin J. , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of the fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) and Internet of Things (IoT) is inseparable from a large number of miniature, low-cost, and low-power sensors and actuators. Piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices, fabricated by micromachining technologies, provide a versatile platform for various high-performance sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, filters and oscillators (main building blocks in radio frequency front-ends for wireless communication). In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the working mechanism, structural design, and diversified applications of piezoelectric MEMS devices. Firstly, various piezoelectric MEMS sensors are introduced, including contact and non-contact types, aiming for the applications in physical, chemical and biological sensing. This is followed by a presentation of the advances in piezoelectric MEMS actuators for different application scenarios. Meanwhile, piezoelectric MEMS energy harvesters, with the ability to power other MEMS devices, are orderly enumerated. Furthermore, as a representative of piezoelectric resonators, Lamb wave resonators are exhibited with manifold performance improvements. Finally, the development trends of wearable and implantable piezoelectric MEMS devices are discussed.
How AI application in pharmaceutical industries is beneficial to materials science
Authors: Suzuki Hideo , Kurosawa Shin , Marcella Stephen , Kanba Masaru , Koretaka Yuichi , Tsuji Akio , Okumura Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) will develop further in the area of material technology similar to how it has advanced in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, we explain how AI is applied in the pharmaceutical industry and in the materials science. First, we show AI trends in data analysis for different areas of the pharmaceutical industry. Second, we explain how new machine learning (ML) platforms (automated machine learning (AutoML)
3

3
‘Even experts are often left with tedious episodes of trial and error until they identify a good set of choices for a particular dataset. The field of automated machine learning (AutoML) aims to make these decisions in a data-driven, objective, and automated way: the user simply provides data, and the AutoML system automatically determines the approach that performs best for this particular application’ (Olson et al 2016).
) in particular benefit this type of data analysis by describing supervised ML. If the target value is available to define, it is feasible to execute supervised ML to solve the problem. In this case, implementing an AutoML process is a simple solution to look for insights. Third, we provide and discuss an example of a new approach: output from analysis done using unsupervised ML, such as topological data analysis. Finally, we explain that these successful examples of AI applications in the pharmaceutical industry provide a potential roadmap of how they may be applied to the science of materials informatics. Adding new data to current data is almost always required. Achievements are observed in the area of life science because many databases are consolidated into one database. Thus, creating new data with appropriate definitions and expanding the amount of applicable data will help materials informatics evolve into a field with both higher quality and more robust analyses in the future.
Intrinsic color centers in 4H-silicon carbide formed by heavy ion implantation and annealing
Authors: Kobayashi Takuma , Rühl Maximilian , Lehmeyer Johannes , Zimmermann Leonard K S , Krieger Michael , Weber Heiko B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We study the generation and transformation of intrinsic luminescent centers in 4H-polytype of silicon carbide via heavy ion implantation and subsequent annealing. Defects induced by the implantation of germanium (Ge) or tin (Sn) have been characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectra recorded at cryogenic temperatures. We find three predominant but as-yet-unidentified PL signatures (labeled as DI1–3) at the wavelength of 1002.8 nm (DI1), 1004.7 nm (DI2), and 1006.1 nm (DI3) after high dose implantation (> 4 × 1013 cm−2) and high temperature annealing (> 1700°C). The fact that the DI lines co-occur and are energetically close together suggest that they originate from the same defect. Regardless of the implanted ion (Ge or Sn), a sharp increase in their PL intensity is observed when the implantation damage becomes high (vacancy concentration > 1022 cm−3), indicating that the lines stem from an intrinsic defect caused by the damage. By tracking the PL signals after stepwise annealing, we examine how the overall intrinsic defects behave in the temperature range of 500 – 1800°C; the silicon vacancies formed by the implantation transform into either divacancies or antisite-vacancy pairs with annealing at about 1000°C. These spectral signatures are strongly reduced at 1200°C where the so-called TS defects are maximized in luminescence. As a final stage, the DI defects, which are most likely formed of antisites and vacancies, emerge at 1700°C. Our results provide a knowledge on how to incorporate and manipulate the intrinsic luminescent centers in SiC with ion implantation and annealing, paving the way for fully integrated quantum technology employing SiC.
Decoding the conductance of disordered nanostructures: a quantum inverse problem
Authors: Mukim S , O’Brien J , Abarashi M , Ferreira M S , Rocha C G 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Obtaining conductance spectra for a concentration of disordered impurities distributed over a nanoscale device with sensing capabilities is a well-defined problem. However, to do this inversely, i.e., extracting information about the scatters from the conductance spectrum alone, is not an easy task. In the presence of impurities, even advanced techniques of inversion can become particularly challenging. This article extends the applicability of a methodology we proposed capable of extracting composition information about a nanoscale sensing device using the conductance spectrum. The inversion tool decodes the conductance spectrum to yield the concentration and nature of the disorders responsible for conductance fluctuations in the spectra. We present the method for simple one-dimensional systems like an electron gas with randomly distributed delta functions and a linear chain of atoms. We prove the generality and robustness of the method using materials with complex electronic structures like hexagonal boron nitride, graphene nanoribbons, and carbon nanotubes. We also go on to probe distribution of disorders on the sublattice structure of the materials using the proposed inversion tool.