bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A structured self‐reflection approach to improve reflection quality and assessment of advanced pharmacy practice experience professionalization
Authors: Briceland Laurie L. , Caimano Tackes Courtney , Veselov Megan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdvanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) provide ample opportunity for students to acclimate into pharmacy roles and experience professionalization through authentic practice. A structured APPE self‐reflection process improvement was implemented to assist students in writing higher quality reflections, and to better capture themes of student professionalization.ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper was to describe experience with the structured self‐reflection format and (a) determine the most impactful APPE professionalization themes derived from student self‐categorization; and (b) analyze self‐reflections for inclusion of actionable professional development plans.MethodsA four‐step structured APPE self‐reflection format, abbreviated IDEA (Identify, Describe, Evaluate, and Actionable Plan), was created to standardize the reflection process. For each APPE, students (N = 211) completed the IDEA by selecting a theme of professionalization impact (from 15 predetermined choices) and crafting a self‐reflection. For the APPE annual cycle, themes of professionalization impact were compiled and grouped into overarching categories spanning development in practice or communication skills, student professional development, and collaborative teamwork. A rubric was developed for faculty to evaluate levels of reflection with a goal of critical reflection (evidence of transformative behavior or perspectives) described in actionable professional development plans.ResultsTwo hundred eleven students completed 1473 IDEA self‐reflections (6.9 per student). All 15 themes of impact were selected for self‐reflection, with “practice skills development/experiencing new curricular discipline” being most prevalent. Critical reflection was attained in 968 (65.7%) of reflections. A decline in criticality over time was noted, with the first six APPE modules averaging 73% and dropping to 54% and 34% in the final two modules, respectively.ConclusionThe IDEA structured APPE self‐reflection enables students to readily identify professionalization themes and reflect upon their impact. Two‐thirds of reflections indicated actionable professional development plans, indicative of professionalization and transformative learning.
Chronic pain and medical cannabis: Narrative review and practice considerations in persons living with HIV
Authors: Mills Alex R. , Nichols Molly A. , Davenport Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlobally, 38 million persons live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), and a significant portion live with chronic pain. While not yet fully characterized, preliminary data suggest 40%‐83% of PLWH experience chronic pain, and many report undertreatment. A growing body of literature suggests undertreatment of chronic pain in PLWH leads to adverse clinical outcomes, such as poor retention in HIV care, suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and increased use of intravenous drug use (eg, heroin). Chronic pain experienced by PLWH ranges from neuropathic to musculoskeletal with different etiologies and treatment modalities for each. Although opioids have been used to achieve analgesia in PLWH, there is growing interest in alternative pain therapies. Recently, medical cannabis (delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] and cannabidiol [CBD]) products have been of high interest. Anecdotal evidence exists for medical cannabis and pain relief; however, robust clinical trial data are limited due to scheduling restrictions within the United States. The purposes of this narrative review are to summarize key literature for pain in PLWH and medical cannabis, discuss pertinent dosage forms and dosing schedules, and summarize safety and efficacy considerations for PLWH. Finally, the authors provide recommendations on cannabis rescheduling and pharmacists' and healthcare providers' roles in its prescribing and indication. Medical cannabis and pharmaceutical preparations containing both THC and CBD are a viable alternatives to opioid analgesics in the treatment of neuropathic pain in PLWH. The risks of misuse and cannabis use disorder warrant careful consideration, yet the benefits of effective analgesia associated with cannabis may outweigh these risks. Cannabis rescheduling and subsequent expansions in pain management research are warranted, particularly for CBD‐predominant and CBD‐isolate medical cannabis products.
Therapeutic alliance and childhood interpersonal trauma: The role of attachment, cultural humility, and therapeutic presence
Authors: Grad Ramona I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the role of insecure attachment style, cultural humility, and therapeutic presence in the development of therapeutic alliance in a sample of adults with a history of childhood interpersonal trauma (N = 251). Multiple regression analyses indicated that cultural humility, therapeutic presence, and lower levels of attachment anxiety together accounted for 66.6% of the variance in therapeutic alliance. Implications for counselors, limitations, and directions for future research are provided.
Recent advances in methods for the diagnosis of Corona Virus Disease 2019
Authors: Guo Jie , Ge Jiaxin , Guo Yanan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the beginning of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, it has been clear that effective methods for the diagnosis of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are the key tools to control its epidemic. The current gold standard for diagnosing COVID‐19 is the real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), which is a sensitive and specific method to detect SARS‐CoV‐2. Other RNA‐based methods include RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), droplet digital reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (ddRT‐PCR), reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). The serological testing of antibodies (IgM and IgG), nanoparticle‐based lateral‐flow assay, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity and accuracy. Because antibodies are usually detected a week after the onset of symptoms, these tests are used to assess the overall infection rate in the community. Sine the fact that healthcare varies from country to country across the world, different types of diagnosing COVID‐19 imaging technologies including chest computed tomography (CT), chest radiography, and lung ultrasound are used in different degrees. Besides, the pooling test is an important public health tool to reduce cost and increase testing capacity in low‐risk area, while artificial intelligence (AI) may aid to increase the diagnostic efficiency of imaging‐based methods. Finally, depending on the type of samples and stages of the disease, a combination of information on patient demographics and histories, clinical symptoms, results of molecular and serological diagnostic tests, and imaging information is highly recommended to achieve adequate diagnosis of patients with COVID‐19.
Contact theory and the multiethnic community of Riace, Italy: An ethnographic examination
Authors: Driel Ester Y. , Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article uses the case of Riace, a small multiethnic community in Southern Italy, as a lens to evaluate key theoretical and methodological aspects of the influential Intergroup Contact Theory. The article draws upon 10 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Riace, Italy, a town that for more than 20 years has hosted and integrated refugees into the local community. We analyzed the ethnographic material in light of assumptions underlying intergroup contact theory. Findings demonstrate that friendly everyday interactions between inhabitants of different ethnic backgrounds serve as the critical “social glue” for the Riace community, but that there are social inequalities, as well as group stereotypes, group‐based friendships, and spatial segregation. The different interpretations and nuanced outcomes of everyday social interactions demonstrate the importance of a contextualized understanding of the nature and implications of intergroup contact in real‐world settings for future research and policies.
Different Kinetics of Activated Clotting Time Among Uninterrupted Oral Anticoagulants During Catheter Ablation Procedure
Authors: Kawaji Tetsuma , Morimoto Takeshi , Aizawa Takanori , Hojo Shun , Kushiyama Akihiro , Yaku Hidenori , Nakatsuma Kenji , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Kato Masashi , Yokomatsu Takafumi , Miki Shinji , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractActivated clotting time (ACT) kinetics under uninterrupted oral anticoagulants (OACs) has not been fully evaluated. The present study is sought to validate ACT kinetics including stability under uninterrupted use of OACs during an ablation procedure in daily clinical practice. We prospectively enrolled consecutive 554 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent catheter ablation procedure under uninterrupted OACs. We evaluated ACT kinetics at an interval of 15 minutes during the procedure and periprocedural complications among 5 OACs (dabigatran [N = 46], rivaroxaban [N = 125], apixaban [N = 129], edoxaban [N = 184], and warfarin [N = 70]). Compared with the dabigatran group, time to achieve target ACT was significantly longer in the rivaroxaban and apixaban groups, but not in the edoxaban and warfarin groups (8.7 vs 11.7 minutes, P < .001; 13.3 minutes, P < .001; 8.8 minutes, P = .64; 10.3 minutes, P = .19, respectively). Heparin dose to achieve target ACT was comparable except for the warfarin group, whereas, compared with the dabigatran group, time in therapeutic range of ACT within the first hour was comparable in the rivaroxaban and apixaban group but significantly lower in the edoxaban and warfarin groups (73.7 % vs 63.0%, P = .06; 67.0 %, P = .16; 59.2 %, P = .001; 58.2%, P = .004, respectively). In multiple regression analysis, low body weight, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and morning session had significant associations with time and heparin dose to achieve target ACT, and there were positive associations of dabigatran and apixaban with time in therapeutic range of ACT within the first hour. The incidence of periprocedural complications did not significantly differ among the 5 groups. Under uninterrupted OAC use in daily clinical practice, dabigatran showed faster achievement of target ACT and higher stability of ACT than other OACs.
Selective determination of Cr(III) by modified carbon nanotube paste electrode: a potentiometric study
Authors: Barati Zahra , Masrournia Mahboubeh , Es'haghi Zarrin , Jahani Moslem , Ebrahimi Javad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPotentiometric detections based on ion‐selective electrodes offer the advantages of simplicity, speed, and low cost over other electrochemical methods. In this work, the preparation of a novel carbon‐paste electrochemical sensor containing the synthesized N‐(1‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropyl)acetamide is described. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated into the electrode composition to promote electron transfer reactions. The modified carbon paste electrode was evaluated as a selective sensor for the detection of chromium (III).RESULTSThe prepared sensor showed nearly stable potentials in the pH range of 4.0–6.5, with a fast response time (<15 s). At the optimum conditions, the potentiometric method exhibited a linear response toward Cr(III) concentration in the range of 5.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−3 mol L−1 with a Nernstian slope of 19.5 ± 0.1 mV per decade and a detection limit of 3.1 × 10−7 mol L−1.CONCLUSIONThe proposed sensor possesses the advantages of good selectivity to Cr(III) and an improved detection limit compared to the results of some other studies. Better selectivity can be attributed to the ability of the ionophore to form a stable chelate with Cr(III) ions. The new Cr(III) sensor showed excellent stability over 8 weeks and its response time was comparable to other previously reported chromium ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) . The simple, fast, and cheap synthesis method of ionophore provided other advantages for this study. The modified electrode was also used as a sensor for the end‐point detection in the potentiometric titration of Cr(III) against ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Use of scanning electron microscopy to analyze sculpturing pattern and internal features of pollen grain wall in some members ofAstragaleae(subfamily: Papilionoidae)
Authors: Rashid Neelam , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Malik Khafsa , Shah Syed Nasar , Sultana Shazia , Zahid Nafeesa , Noshad Qumqum , Siddiq Zafar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPalynological features of tribeAstagaleaeL. have been observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to assess features that can be used to re‐examine the placement and taxonomic position of tribe. The palynomorph attributes of 10 species included in three genera ofAstragaleae(AstragalusL.,GlycyrrhizaL., andOxytropisDC.) are investigated. The assignment of genusOxytropisin tribeAstragaleaewas also reevaluated based on pollen characters. Pollen appear to be prolate, prolate‐spheroidal, and subprolate. Polar axis size (P) varies from 31.3 μm ±1 to 17.5 μm ±1.4 and equatorial axis size (E) varies from 22.2 μm ±1.8 to 13.1 μm ±0.9. Prominent apertures found consistently dispersed along the surface of pollen. Three kinds of ornamentation pattern were recorded, that is, reticulate or reticulate‐perforate and perforate. The studied species display variation in equatorial and polar diameter, aperturation and sculpturing pattern, exine thickness, and pollen shape. On the basis of descriptive pollen features, a dichotomous taxonomic key and UPGMA analysis has been made for effortless and quick identification. The study concluded that disparities of the entire features are typically unrelenting and concerned with the species and shows potential systematic significance. The combination of palynological attributes in association with additional traits has prospective for systematic identification at species and genus level.
Influence of selenium on the mycelia of the shaggy bracket fungus, Inonotus hispidus
Authors: Song Feifei , Su Dewei , Keyhani Nemat O , Wang Cui , Shen Ligong , Qiu Junzhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelenium (Se) is a needed trace element for animals and humans. Many fungi have effective mechanisms to acquire, transform and accumulate Se in organic form. In this study, the effects of inorganic Se (sodium selenite) on the medicinal fungus Inonotus hispidus was investigated.RESULTSInonotus hispidus was capable of tolerating up to 3.85 mmol L−1 selenite, at which ~85% growth inhibition was seen, with 50% growth inhibition occurring at ~1 mmol L−1 selenite. Growth in 0.29 mmol L−1 Se resulted in I. hispidus mycelium with 115 times higher Se levels compared to growth in standard media, and an organic Se content of 86% to total Se content. The influence of Se accumulation on morphological features of I. hispidus were examined by microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation. These data revealed significant shrinkage and deformations of I. hispidus hyphae with decreased branching and collapse of clamp connections under higher Se stress. However, conidial production in I. hispidus increased dramatically. The influence of Se on mycelial growth could be recovered by reinoculation in standard media. Se accumulation had only minimal impacts on the yield of the potential selenocompounds such as amino acids, proteins and polysaccharides. By contrast, Se‐enriched I. hispidus mycelium was of higher quality due to reduction in crude fat and total ash contents.CONCLUSIONSThese data provide basic and applied information on the feasibility of producing selenized I. hispidus as an enriched and better quality product. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Application of far‐infrared radiation for sun‐dried chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.): drying characteristics and color during roasting
Authors: Fernando A. Jayaruwani , Amaratunga Sanath 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDChili is hygroscopic and needs a fast‐drying method before feeding into pulverizers. The far‐infrared radiation (FIR) roasting technique provides various benefits, such as higher drying rates within a short duration, reduction of mycotoxins, and improvement in the textural quality of agricultural produce. In addition, thin‐layer modeling supports understanding the drying kinetics of agricultural produce. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the thin‐layer drying characteristics and color of whole chili pod and its components (i.e. seeds, pedicel, and placenta) of sun‐dried chili during FIR roasting. The samples were dried at 7.76 μm (100 °C), 6.12 μm (200 °C), 5.056 μm (300 °C), and 4.30 μm (400 °C) by exposing them to FIR in a single layer and the drying kinetics were studied using the Midilli model. Further, the color variation during FIR roasting was studied.RESULTSFIR roasting of chili pods and their components (i.e. seeds, pedicel, and placenta) shows a falling rate drying period at each wavelength. The moisture content decreased with decreasing FIR wavelength. The ∆E values for pods, pedicel, and placenta were increased during FIR roasting. The Midilli model results in R2 and root‐mean‐square error value ranges of 0.7563–1.000 and 5 × 10−8–0.1238 respectively for the current study. The Midilli model at 300 °C shows that the FIR has minor variation compared with other FIR temperatures.CONCLUSIONFIR technology can be implemented to roast chili pods and their components (i.e. seeds, pedicel, and placenta) within a short period. Further, the application of FIR for roasting purposes desirably increases the color variation. The Midilli model can effectively describe the drying kinetics of the chili pods and their components during FIR roasting. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The anti‐hyperuricemic effect of flavonoid extract of saffron by‐product and its pharmacokinetics in rats after oral administration
Authors: Chen Na , Wang Weihao , Xiang Junjie , Li Tao , Wang Lan , Liang Rixin , Yang Bin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOnly the dried stigma of the saffron, a flower deemed as the most valuable spice globally, is utilized for industrial production. Hence, there exists a growing interest in utilizing saffron floral bio‐residues. The anti‐hyperuricemic activity of a flavonoid extract from saffron floral bio‐residues was assessed in potassium oxonate‐induced hyperuricemia mice. In addition, an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was established and validated to determine the pharmacokinetics of five main flavonoids and three phase‐II metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of the flavonoid extract for the first time. Compared with pharmacokinetic parameters of kaempferol‐3‐O‐sophoroside, the most abundant flavonoid in the extract, and its aglycone kaempferol, we observed that coexisting compounds significantly reduced the absorption, accelerated the excretion of kaempferol‐3‐O‐sophoroside, while significantly increasing the absorption and prolonging the residence time of kaempferol in the flavonoid extract. These results suggest the promising potential of the flavonoid extract from saffron floral bio‐residues as an anti‐hyperuricemic agent. Kaempferol was absorbed in plasma at high concentrations owing to the biotransformation of kaempferol glycosides in vivo.
Influence of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Thickness on Rectus Femoris Echo Intensity in Younger and Older Males and Females
Authors: Paris Michael T. , Bell Kirsten E. , Avrutin Egor , Rosati Katherine , Mourtzakis Marina 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesUltrasound measurements of muscle echo intensity are commonly used surrogates of muscle composition (eg, intramuscular adipose tissue). However, given that soundwaves are increasingly attenuated with tissue depth, the interpretation of echo intensity may be confounded by adipose and skeletal muscle thickness. Our objectives are to compare the associations between adipose or muscle tissue thickness and rectus femoris echo intensity in younger and older males and females.MethodsParticipants included in this analysis were derived from 3 previously published cohorts of younger (<45 years) and older (≥60 years) males and females. Ultrasound images of the rectus femoris were evaluated for muscle thickness, echo intensity, and subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness.ResultsOlder adults (n: 49 males, 19 females) had a higher body mass index (P = .001) compared with younger adults (n: 37 males, 49 females). Muscle thickness was negatively associated with echo intensity in older males (r = −0.59) and females (r = −0.53), whereas no associations were observed in younger males (r = 0.00) or females (r = −0.11). Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness displayed no associations with echo intensity in any group.ConclusionsDespite the known influence of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness on beam attenuation, we observed no association with muscle echo intensity, indicating that adipose tissue correction may be required to better understand muscle echo intensity across differences in adiposity. The negative associations between muscle thickness and echo intensity in older, but not younger adults, suggests these associations may be related to the co‐occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy and intramuscular adipose tissue infiltration with advancing age.
Risk to native marine macroalgae from land‐use and climate change‐related modifications to groundwater discharge in Hawaiʻi
Authors: Dulai Henrietta , Smith Celia M. , Amato Daniel W. , Gibson Veronica , Bremer Leah L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCoastal groundwater‐dependent ecosystems benefit from lowered salinity, nutrient‐rich submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Across Pacific islands marine macroalgae appear to have been challenged by and adapted to the stress of lowered salinity with a trade‐off of nutrient subsidies delivered by SGD. Human alterations of groundwater resources and climate change‐driven shifts brought modifications to the magnitude and composition of SGD. This paper discusses how native macroalgae have adapted to SGD nutrient and salinity gradients, but that invasive algae are outcompeting the natives near SGD with nutrient pollution. It is important to re‐evaluate land and water use practices by modifying groundwater sustainable yields and improving wastewater infrastructure to keep SGD reductions minimal and nitrogen inputs in optimal ranges. This task may be particularly challenging amidst global sea level rise and reductions in groundwater recharge, which threaten coastal groundwater systems and ecosystems dependent on them.