bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiometabolic, Lifestyle, and Nutritional Factors in Relation to Varicose Veins: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Bruzelius Maria , Damrauer Scott M. , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: October 2021

Background
We conducted a 2‐sample Mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of cardiometabolic, lifestyle, and nutritional factors with varicose veins.

Methods and Results
Independent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with height (positive control), body mass index, type 2 diabetes, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, 7 circulating vitamins (A, B6, B9, B12, C, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and E), and 5 circulating minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, and zinc) at the genome‐wide significance level were used as instrumental variables. Summary‐level data for the genetic associations with varicose veins were obtained from the UK Biobank (8763 cases and 352 431 noncases) and the FinnGen consortium (13 928 cases and 153 951 noncases). Genetically predicted higher height, body mass index, smoking, and circulating iron levels were associated with an increased risk of varicose veins. The odds ratios (ORs) per 1‐SD increase in the exposure were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.25–1.43) for height, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.27–1.52) for body mass index, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04–1.22) for the prevalence of smoking initiation, and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.16–1.33) for iron. Higher genetically predicted systolic blood pressure and circulating calcium and zinc levels were associated with a reduced risk of varicose veins, whereas the association for systolic blood pressure did not persist after adjustment for genetically predicted height. The OR was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.62–0.92) per 1‐SD increase in calcium levels and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98) for zinc.

Conclusions
This study identified several modifiable risk factors for varicose veins.
Overview and Applications of the New York State Mesonet Profiler Network
Authors: Shrestha Bhupal , Brotzge J. A. , Wang J. , Bain N. , Thorncroft C. D. , Joseph E. , Freedman J. , Perez S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, moisture, wind, and aerosols are essential information for weather monitoring and prediction. Their availability, however, is limited in space and time due to the significant resources required to observe them. To fill this gap, the New York State Mesonet (NYSM) Profiler Network has been deployed as a national testbed to facilitate the research, development and evaluation of ground-based profiling technologies and applications. The testbed comprises 17 profiler stations across the state, forming a long-term regional observational network. Each Profiler station is comprised of a ground-based Doppler lidar, a microwave radiometer (MWR) and an environmental Sky Imaging Radiometer (eSIR). Thermodynamic profiles (temperature and humidity) from the MWR; wind and aerosol profiles from the Doppler lidar; and solar radiance and optical depth parameters from the eSIR are collected, processed, disseminated, and archived every 10 minutes. This paper introduces the NYSM Profiler Network and reviews the network design and siting, instrumentation, network operations and maintenance, data and products, and some example applications highlighting the benefits of the network. Some sample applications include improved situational awareness and monitoring of the sea/land breeze, long-range wildfire smoke transport, air quality (PM2.5and AOD) and boundary layer height. Ground-based profiling systems promise a path forward for filling a critical gap in the nation’s observing system with the potential to improve analysis and prediction for many weather-sensitive sectors, such as aviation, ground transportation, health, and wind energy.
A mental health framework from the voices of refugees
Authors: Kanagaratnam Pushpa , Pandalangat Nalini , Silver Ivan , Toner Brenda 
Published: October 2021

Background: Refugee groups fleeing war and violence and resettling in the West are one of the population groups that are poorly understood. Understanding their mental health challenges and providing effective and evidence-based interventions continue to be formidable challenges. Aim: This study presents a refugee mental health framework [RMHF] that was developed to address the gaps in understanding and responding to the needs of refugee populations by prioritizing their voices, and incorporating lessons learned from working with these refugee communities into the development of the framework. Method: A RMHF was developed, presented and refined with input from refugee communities, multiple stakeholders and an expert panel. Results/conclusions: This paper presents the process and finalized framework, and discusses its utility as a mapping, planning and intervention tool in supporting refugee communities with their resettlement and promoting mental wellbeing.
Long-term outcomes of arthroscopic debridement of the knee in adults with Kashin–Beck disease: an 18-year follow-up
Authors: Jin Zhan-Kui , Xu Cui-Xiang , Dong Xiang-Hui , Ling Ming , Chen Ming , Yi Zhi , Liu Shi-Zhang , Wu Xue-Yuan , Sun Zheng-Ming , Chang Yan-Hai 
Published: October 2021

Objective Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic degenerative joint disease with a high disability rate. We retrospectively evaluated the 18-year clinical follow-up outcomes of adult patients with KBD who underwent arthroscopic debridement for knee osteoarthritis. Methods Thirty-one patients with KBD (31 knees) underwent arthroscopy for knee osteoarthritis. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, walking distance, knee mobility, and patients’ self-evaluated improvement in clinical symptoms were retrospectively evaluated before and 18 years after the operation. Results The patients’ self-evaluated clinical symptoms showed considerable improvement at 2, 6, and 8 years after surgery but deteriorated at 10 and 18 years after surgery. Knee mobility was greater after than before arthroscopy but decreased from 6 to 18 years postoperatively. The VAS score for knee pain was high before the operation, decreased at 2 years postoperatively, increased at 6 years postoperatively, and was significantly lower at 18 years postoperatively than before surgery. The walking distance was significantly longer at 2, 6, and 8 years postoperatively than preoperatively. Conclusions Arthroscopic treatment may be an effective therapy for adult patients with KBD who develop knee osteoarthritis. In this study, arthroscopy had a long-term effect on patients with KBD who had Kellgren–Lawrence grade <IV osteoarthritis.
Fiber reinforced thermoplastics compounds for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Martins Luís C , Pontes António J 
Published: October 2021

Market demands for lightweight and lower cost products drive manufacturers to improve current product portfolios. In the case of electronic devices, the most significant weight originates from the enclosure, traditionally in steel or aluminum, that ensures excellent mechanical and electromagnetic shielding performance. The use of thermoplastics filled with electrically conductive fibers, such as carbon or stainless steel, was investigated as a lightweight and cost-effective alternative to steel sheet for creating electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding enclosures for electronic devices. This paper presents an EMI shielding analysis workflow for the development of plastic enclosures for an electronic device. The workflow starts by measuring the fiber-reinforced thermoplastic compounds shielding effectiveness (SE) with an experimental method in the 30 MHz–3 GHz frequency band. This analysis helps to filter a vast list of materials with a wide range of shielding performance, 20–100 dB, and allows to obtain empirical data for the second phase of the workflow, computer simulations. Simulations with experimentally adjusted material properties were used to validate the design concept of an enclosure in its early development phase. Results from this study showed that the selected material has better EMI SE performance than a steel sheet venting grid.
Investigating the Relationship Between Export Diversification and River Water Pollution: A Time Series Analysis of the Indian Experience
Authors: Sheikh Aisha , Hassan Owais Ibni 
Published: October 2021

This article attempts to test the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for export diversification and river water pollution (proxied by biochemical oxygen demand) for India during the period from 1986 to 2019. Over the past decade, India’s merchandise exports have been dominated by pollution-intensive industries such as mineral fuels, pharmaceuticals, nuclear reactors, organic chemicals and electrical machinery, iron and steel, and textiles. Additionally, India’s export mix is weakly diversified or a small number of commodities form the merchandise export basket. River water pollution is one of the gravest ecological threats in this country. Although a host of reasons define this ecological devastation, this study attempts to investigate if the weakly diversified, pollution-intensive export basket has any link with biochemical oxygen demand. Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Philip–Perron (PP) tests are employed to determine the stationary properties of the variables and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration test, as well as the bounds test to check the short- and long-run cointegration. Findings suggest that (a) export diversification is strongly cointegrated with biochemical oxygen demand both in the short and in the long run, and (b) the conventional inverted U-shaped EKC was not validated. Furthermore, a weakly diversified export basket increases water pollution. Suggested policy initiatives to combat industrial water pollution include the introduction of economic instruments. The water pollution abatement experience of industrial clusters suggests that radical institutional and governance reforms are paramount for successful policy reforms. Finally, there is a need to reduce the export commodity basket concentration not just to insulate the economy against global dynamics but also for achieving the goal of sustainable development. JEL: F18, Q56, Q53. Q580
Knowledge and training preference of standard first aid among undergraduates in Hong Kong: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ng Sze Nok , Tang Lok Kan , Leung Chi Kei , Cheng Chung Yi , Cheung Mei Shan , Lam Yuet Yee , Yeung Leong Ching , Tse Yung Ting , Tai Wing Han , Chau Patsy Pui Hing 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:The study aimed to assess the level of standard first aid knowledge among Hong Kong undergraduates and identify the associated factors, and to examine their attitudes, training preferences and obstacles in first aid training.Methods:This cross‐sectional study employed a structured online questionnaire covering demographic data, first aid knowledge assessment and attitude evaluation. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling from August to October 2020. Inclusion criteria included full‐time undergraduates studying for the first degree in Hong Kong and receiving primary and secondary education in Hong Kong. To contrast undergraduates studying medical and non‐medical degrees, a set ratio of 1:1 was employed, and estimated proportions were weighted according to the ratio of medical and non‐medical undergraduates in the population. Unweighted data were used in logistic regressions.Results:Among 385 respondents, the weighted proportion of good knowledge of standard first aid was 15.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.6%–18.8%) and that of good attitudes towards standard first aid was 71.3% (95% CI: 66.8%–75.8%). Holding valid or expired standard first aid certificates (valid: odds ratio (OR) = 9.897, p < 0.001; expired: OR = 4.816, p < 0.001) and studying medical‐related degrees (OR = 3.693, p < 0.001) were shown by multiple logistic regression to be associated with good knowledge of standard first aid. Only being a current or past member of first aid cadet teams was associated with a greater likelihood of having good attitudes towards first aid (OR = 2.336, p = 0.047). Respondents proposed standard first aid training should take form of credit‐bearing or non‐credit‐bearing courses in university curriculum, and academic workload should be taken into account when designing training schemes.Conclusion:The proportion of undergraduates in Hong Kong with good first aid knowledge was unsatisfactory, but the counterpart with a good attitude was encouraging. Standard first aid training should be proactively provided to all the local undergraduates, regardless of their enrollment in medical‐ or non‐medical‐related degrees.
Worldwide anaesthesia use during endovascular treatment for medium vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Kappelhof Manon , Ospel Johanna M , Cimflova Petra , Kashani Nima , Singh Nishita , McDonough Rosalie , Sehgal Arshia , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Fiehler Jens , Chen Michael , Sakai Nobuyuki , Majoie Charles BLM , Goyal Mayank 
Published: October 2021

Introduction The optimal anaesthesia approach for endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischaemic stroke is currently unknown. In stroke due to medium vessel occlusions (MeVO), the occluded vessels are particularly small and more difficult to access, especially in restless or uncooperative patients. In these patients, general anaesthesia (GA) may be preferred by physicians to prevent complications due to patient movement. We investigated physicians’ approaches to anaesthesia during EVT for MeVO stroke. Methods In a worldwide, case-based, online survey, physicians’ preferred anaesthesia approach during EVT for MeVO stroke was categorized as “initial GA”, “initial GA if necessary” (depending on patient cooperation), “no initial GA, but conversion if necessary” (start with local anaesthesia or conscious sedation), and “no GA”. Preferred anaesthesia approaches were reported overall and stratified by physician and patient characteristics. Results A total of 366 survey participants provided 1464 responses to 4 primary MeVO EVT case-scenarios. One-third of responses (489/1464 [33%]) favoured no initial GA, but conversion if necessary. Both initial GA and initial GA if necessary were preferred in 368/1464 (25%) of responses respectively. No GA was favoured in 244/1464 (17%). Occlusion location, respondent specialization (interventional neuroradiology), higher age, and female respondent sex were significantly associated with GA preference. GA was more often used in Europe than in other parts of the world ( p < 0.001). Conclusions Anaesthesia approaches in MeVO EVT vary across world regions and patient and physician factors. Most physicians in this survey preferred to start with local anaesthesia or conscious sedation and convert to GA if necessary.
The prevalence of difficult airway and its associated factors in pediatric patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia: An observational study
Authors: Amaha Eleni , Haddis Lydia , Aweke Senait , Fenta Efrem 
Published: October 2021

Background: The airway of an anesthetized patient should be secured with an artificial airway for oxygenation or ventilation. Pediatrics are not small adults which means they are different from adults both anatomically and physiologically. This study aims to determine the prevalence of difficult airway and its associated factors in pediatric patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia in referral hospitals of Addis Ababa. Methods: A multi-centered cross-sectional study design was employed. The bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to measure the association between the dependent variable (pediatrics difficult airway) and independent variables. p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: A total of 290 pediatrics patients were included in this study. The prevalence of difficult airway in pediatrics patients who underwent surgery was 19.7%. In multivariate logistic regression, pediatrics patients less than 2 years of age (adjusted odds ratio = 6.768, 95% confidence interval = 2.024, 22.636), underweight pediatrics patients (adjusted odds ratio = 4.661, 95% confidence interval = 1.196, 18.154), pediatrics patients having anticipated difficult airway (adjusted odds ratio = 18.563, 95% confidence interval = 4.837, 71.248), history of the difficult airway (adjusted odds ratio = 8.351, 95% confidence interval = 2.033, 34.302), the experience of anesthetists less than 4 years of age (adjusted odds ratio = 9.652, 95% confidence interval = 2.910, 32.050) had a significant association with pediatrics difficult airway. Conclusion: Being pediatric patients less than 2 years of age, underweight pediatrics patients, having anticipated difficult airway, those anesthetists who do not perform enough pediatric cases were identified as the main factors associated with the greater occurrence of difficult airway in pediatric patients.
Get waivered remote: Nationwide, remote DEA-x waiver course in response to COVID-19
Authors: Martin Alister , Raber Joshua P. , Shayer Desiree , Lai Deborah , Goodcoff Adam , Kannikal Jasmine , Raja Ali S. , He Shuhan 
Published: October 2021

Problem As of 2020, less than 5% of physicians in the United States have a drug enforcement administration-X waiver to prescribe buprenorphine. The coronavirus-2019 pandemic restricted in-person gatherings, including traditional drug enforcement administration-X waiver courses. As a result, in-person conferences have needed to adopt remote formats. Many programs identified a gap between educational delivery and the faculty skills required to deliver content remotely. Approach To address the need for high-quality remote learning, Get Waivered designed and implemented a novel experience for clinicians, called Get Waivered Remote. An educational session was live-streamed via Zoom™. To foster interactivity, like in-person didactic conferences, participants were polled to facilitate discussion among presenters, learners, and facilitators during the broadcast Outcomes The RE-AIM framework was used for evaluation. Our program had a Reach encompassing 814 users that participated during the live-streamed event; Effectiveness with 73.79% reporting being somewhat familiar or very familiar with the practice of opioid dependency treatment with approved buprenorphine medications; Adoption with 95.15% reporting a favorable experience and 92.23% reporting it was similar or more enjoyable than their usual teaching; Implementation with 450 messages sent by 281 users to engage with presenters and other learners via Zoom chat in real time. Next steps Get Waivered Remote provides a proof-of-concept that a broadcast with a concurrent, interactive remote learning platform is feasible, low cost, and simple to execute. Further study is required to assess the ability of our group to maintain this innovation and also to measure its impact on the treatment of opioid use disorder.
Comparison of Outcomes in Percutaneous Fixation of Traumatic Fractures between Ankylosing Spondylitis and Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Authors: McCarty Scott , Bruckner Jacob J. , Camacho Jael E. , Jauregui Julio J. , Thomson Alexandra E. , Ye Ivan , Cavanaugh Daniel L. , Koh Eugene Y. , Ludwig Steven C. , Gelb Daniel E. 
Published: October 2021

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives This study aims to analyze outcomes and complications of patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures in the setting of ankylosing spinal disorders (ASD) treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Methods The operative logs from 2012 to 2019 from one academic, Level I trauma center were reviewed for cases of thoracic and lumbar spinal fractures in patients with ASD treated with a MIS approach. Variables were compared between patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and advanced spondylosis. Results A total of 48 patients with ASD and concomitant thoracic or lumbar spinal fracture managed with an MIS approach were identified. A total of 11 patients were identified with AS, 21 with DISH, and 16 with advanced spondylosis. A total of 27 (56.3%) patients experienced complications. Complications differed between groups; DISH patients experienced a greater number of post-operative complications compared to AS and advanced spondylosis patients ( P = .009). There was no significant difference in length of surgery, estimated blood loss, length of stay, readmission, and reoperation rates between AS and DISH patients. There were 3 mortalities unrelated to the surgery. Conclusion Percutaneous stabilization of patients with ankylosing spinal disorder fractures remains a viable management method. Operative characteristics were similar between AS, DISH, and advanced spondylosis patients; however, DISH patients experienced a greater number of post-operative complications.
A gene expression–based model predicts outcome in children with intermediate-risk classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Johnston Rebecca L. , Mottok Anja , Chan Fong Chun , Jiang Aixiang , Diepstra Arjan , Visser Lydia , Telenius Adèle , Gascoyne Randy D. , Friedman Debra L. , Schwartz Cindy L. , Kelly Kara M. , Scott David W. , Horton Terzah M. , Steidl Christian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a common malignancy in children and adolescents. Although cHL is highly curable, treatment with chemotherapy and radiation often come at the cost of long-term toxicity and morbidity. Effective risk-stratification tools are needed to tailor therapy. Here, we used gene expression profiling (GEP) to investigate tumor microenvironment (TME) biology, to determine molecular correlates of treatment failure, and to develop an outcome model prognostic for pediatric cHL. A total of 246 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies from patients enrolled in the Children’s Oncology Group trial AHOD0031 were used for GEP and compared with adult cHL data. Eosinophil, B-cell, and mast cell signatures were enriched in children, whereas macrophage and stromal signatures were more prominent in adults. Concordantly, a previously published model for overall survival prediction in adult cHL did not validate in pediatric cHL. Therefore, we developed a 9-cellular component model reflecting TME composition to predict event-free survival (EFS). In an independent validation cohort, we observed a significant difference in weighted 5-year EFS between high-risk and low-risk groups (75.2% vs 90.3%; log-rank P = .0138) independent of interim response, stage, fever, and albumin. We demonstrate unique disease biology in children and adolescents that can be harnessed for risk-stratification at diagnosis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00025259.