bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape matters: the relationship between cell geometry and diversity in phytoplankton
Authors: Ryabov Alexey , Kerimoglu Onur , Litchman Elena , Olenina Irina , Roselli Leonilde , Basset Alberto , Stanca Elena , Blasius Bernd 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSize and shape profoundly influence an organism’s ecophysiological performance and evolutionary fitness, suggesting a link between morphology and diversity. However, not much is known about how body shape is related to taxonomic richness, especially in microbes. Here we analyse global datasets of unicellular marine phytoplankton, a major group of primary producers with an exceptional diversity of cell sizes and shapes and, additionally, heterotrophic protists. Using two measures of cell shape elongation, we quantify taxonomic diversity as a function of cell size and shape. We find that cells of intermediate volume have the greatest shape variation, from oblate to extremely elongated forms, while small and large cells are mostly compact (e.g. spherical or cubic). Taxonomic diversity is strongly related to cell elongation and cell volume, together explaining up to 92% of total variance. Taxonomic diversity decays exponentially with cell elongation and displays a log‐normal dependence on cell volume, peaking for intermediate‐volume cells with compact shapes. These previously unreported broad patterns in phytoplankton diversity reveal selective pressures and ecophysiological constraints on the geometry of phytoplankton cells which may improve our understanding of marine ecology and the evolutionary rules of life.
Surgical treatment of phimosis due to preputial stenosis in a Thoroughbred colt
Authors: Colgate V. A. , Payne R. J. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryA 6‐month‐old Thoroughbred colt was referred to Rossdales Equine Hospital with a recent history of discomfort and inability to protrude the penis whilst urinating, resulting in accumulation of urine within the prepuce. Careful examination and manual palpation revealed a constrictive ring of fibrous tissue at the level of the preputial orifice. With no evidence of trauma or a persistent penile frenulum, a tentative diagnosis of phimosis due to congenital preputial stenosis was made. Exploratory surgery confirmed the diagnosis and surgical transection and release of the fibromuscular ring at three sites allowed the colt to protrude the penis and urinate normally immediately post‐operatively. At follow‐up examination 11 months later, the colt continued to be able to extrude the penis and urinate conventionally. A slight excess of skin was present at the end of the prepuce but this was only of minor cosmetic concern.
Maternal presenteeism: Theorizing the importance for working mothers of “being there” for their children beyond infancy
Authors: Edgley Alison 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study theorizes why full‐time working women with partners and school‐age children deploy talk of maximal irreplaceable maternal care. The concept of maternal presenteeism frames women's personal beliefs, perceptions, and ambitions as subject to normative pressures associated with intensive mothering and a postfeminist sensibility. The accounts of 20 women who combine motherhood of school‐age children with full‐time professional work are analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings show that even women in demanding careers with partners talk about seeking to be maximally visible to their children and construct forms of workplace flexibility as a matter of luck. By contrast, maternal irreplaceability was viewed as a matter of fate. Examples of resistance to maternal presenteeism served to highlight these normative assumptions and a conflation of ideologies within the accounts of some working mothers. Vestiges of “intensive mothering,” performative notions of “presenteeism” drawn from regimes of work, and a postfeminist sensibility can be identified in the intersubjective experience of some working mothers. A postfeminist sensibility explains why social practices consistent with forms of “intensive mothering” may persist beyond infant years, and yet get recast as choice
Glutathione S‐transferase gene polymorphic sequence variations: Association with risk and response to Imatinib among Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients of Kashmir
Authors: Baba Shahid M. , Shah Zafar A. , Pandith Arshad A. , Geelani Sajad A. , Mir Mohammad M. , Bhat Javid R. , Gul Ayaz , Bhat Gul M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionGlutathione S‐transferase (GST) gene deletion or polymorphic sequence variations lead to decreased enzyme activity that influences susceptibility and response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We aimed to analyze relation of different GST gene sequence variants with susceptibility and response to Imatinib in CML.Material and MethodsA total of 150 CML cases and equal number of age and gender matched healthy controls were genotyped for five GST polymorphisms by multiplex‐PCR and PCR‐RFLP techniques. BCR‐ABL1 transcripts were quantified by quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT‐PCR).ResultsGSTT1, GSTO1, and GSTO2 SNPs revealed no association, while as GSTM1null genotype was observed to protect against the development of CML (OR = 0.53, P = .01). GSTP1 variant genotypes AG (OR = 2.1, P = .003) and GG (OR = 5.6, P < .001), significantly associated with increased risk of CML. Combined genotype analysis showed protective impact of GSTT1present/GSTM1null (OR = 0.44, P = .003) while as GSTT1present/GSTP1‐GG (OR = 6.92, P < .001) and GSTM1present/GSTP1‐GG (OR = 6.33, P < .001), significantly increased CML risk. GSTM1null genotype individually and in combination with GSTT1present associated with superior rate of major molecular response (MMR) and event free survival (EFS) (log‐rank P = .029). GSTO2‐AG+GG genotype associated with significantly inferior MMR rates at 3, 6, and 12 months. Also, patients with GSTO2‐GG genotype showed significantly reduced EFS (log‐rank P = .025). Multivariate analysis confirmed GSTM1null as a better (HR:0.19, P = .029) and GSTO2‐GG genotype as an independent poor prognostic factor (HR:2.29, P = .037).ConclusionGSTM1null genotype seems to have a better prognostic role while GSTP1 variants significantly increase CML risk. Also, results support a correlation between disease outcome and GSTO2 polymorphism.
Comparison of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Plate and Titanium Elastic Intramedullary Nail in Treating Pediatric Humeral Fracture
Authors: Kong Jin‐song , Huang Yang , Chen Tao , Weng Qi‐hao , Zheng Yi‐jing , Yu Yang 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic efficacy of titanium elastic intramedullary nail (TEN) and open reduction and internal fixation with plate (ORIF) in the treatment of humeral fracture in children.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out in a total of 69 patients who were admitted to the hospital from January 2013 to December 2018. These patients, including 41 males and 28 females, were aged from 6 to 12 years old with a median of 8 years. These patients were diagnosed with humeral fracture and underwent the surgery of ORIF (n = 22) or TEN (n = 47). The intraoperative bleeding, operation time, length of stay (LOS), and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups. The therapeutic effect was assessed by the shoulder range of motion, the elbow range of motion, the UCLA shoulder function score, and the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS) 6 months after the surgery.ResultsThe intraoperative bleeding (97.20 ± 27.83 mL vs 185.60 ± 37.50 mL, P < 0.05), the operation time (53.70 ± 11.87 min vs 73.50 ± 13.33 min, P < 0.05), and the fracture healing time (9.30 ± 4.23 weeks vs 13.45 ± 3.67 weeks, P < 0.05) in the TEN group was significantly decreased than those in the ORIF group. There was no significant difference in the LOS between the two groups. The length of follow‐up is 3 and 6 months. The shoulder range of motion (110.88° ± 15.82° vs 98.37° ± 16.22° at 3 months and 162.88° ± 17.29° vs 117.65° ± 19.38° at 6 months, both P < 0.05), the elbow range of motion (105.23° ± 2.81° vs 87.12° ± 4.73° at 3 months and 137.47° ± 4.82° vs 109.67° ± 5.83° at 6 months, both P < 0.05), and the UCLA shoulder function score (28.58 ± 4.74 vs 21.64 ± 7.23 at 3 months and 33.05 ± 3.27 vs 25.78 ± 3.87 at 6 months, both P < 0.05), and the MEPS (80.76 ± 3.53 vs 65.33 ± 9.43 at 3 months and 97.48 ± 1.23 vs 88.22 ± 3.65 at 6 months, both P < 0.05) in the TEN group were greater than those in the ORIF group. In the TEN group, complications occurred in three of 47 cases (6.38%), including one case (2.13%) of bone nonunion and two cases (4.25%) of irritation response around the nail. In the ORIF group, complications occurred in four of 22 cases (18.18%), including one case (4.55%) of delayed healing, one case (4.55%) of deep infection, and two cases (9.08%) of radial nerve injury. The complication rate was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionTEN can be a good technique for the treatment of humeral fracture in children, with the advantages of less intraoperative bleeding, shorter operative time, quicker healing, and better recovery of shoulder range of motion and elbow range of motion.
Rational design and testing of abiotic stress‐inducible synthetic promoters from poplar cis‐regulatory elements
Authors: Yang Yongil , Lee Jun Hyung , Poindexter Magen R. , Shao Yuanhua , Liu Wusheng , Lenaghan Scott C. , Ahkami Amir H. , Blumwald Eduardo , Stewart Charles Neal 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAbiotic stress resistance traits may be especially crucial for sustainable production of bioenergy tree crops. Here, we show the performance of a set of rationally designed osmotic‐related and salt stress‐inducible synthetic promoters for use in hybrid poplar. De novo motif‐detecting algorithms yielded 30 water‐deficit (SD) and 34 salt stress (SS) candidate DNA motifs from relevant poplar transcriptomes. We selected three conserved water‐deficit stress motifs (SD18, SD13 and SD9) found in 16 co‐expressed gene promoters, and we discovered a well‐conserved motif for salt response (SS16). We characterized several native poplar stress‐inducible promoters to enable comparisons with our synthetic promoters. Fifteen synthetic promoters were designed using various SD and SS subdomains, in which heptameric repeats of five‐to‐eight subdomain bases were fused to a common core promoter downstream, which, in turn, drove a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene for reporter assays. These 15 synthetic promoters were screened by transient expression assays in poplar leaf mesophyll protoplasts and agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves under osmotic stress conditions. Twelve synthetic promoters were induced in transient expression assays with a GFP readout. Of these, five promoters (SD18‐1, SD9‐2, SS16‐1, SS16‐2 and SS16‐3) endowed higher inducibility under osmotic stress conditions than native promoters. These five synthetic promoters were stably transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana to study inducibility in whole plants. Herein, SD18‐1 and SD9‐2 were induced by water‐deficit stress, whereas SS16‐1, SS16‐2 and SS16‐3 were induced by salt stress. The synthetic biology design pipeline resulted in five synthetic promoters that outperformed endogenous promoters in transgenic plants.
Gibbs Flow for Approximate Transport with Applications to Bayesian Computation
Authors: Heng Jeremy , Doucet Arnaud , Pokern Yvo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet π0 and π1 be two distributions on the Borel space (Rd,B(Rd)). Any measurable function T:Rd→Rd such that Y=T(X)∼π1 if X∼π0 is called a transport map from π0 to π1. For any π0 and π1, if one could obtain an analytical expression for a transport map from π0 to π1, then this could be straightforwardly applied to sample from any distribution. One would map draws from an easy-to-sample distribution π0 to the target distribution π1 using this transport map. Although it is usually impossible to obtain an explicit transport map for complex target distributions, we show here how to build a tractable approximation of a novel transport map. This is achieved by moving samples from π0 using an ordinary differential equation with a velocity field that depends on the full conditional distributions of the target. Even when this ordinary differential equation is time-discretised and the full conditional distributions are numerically approximated, the resulting distribution of mapped samples can be efficiently evaluated and used as a proposal within sequential Monte Carlo samplers. We demonstrate significant gains over state-of-the-art sequential Monte Carlo samplers at a fixed computational complexity on a variety of applications.
Central giant cell granuloma of the maxilla: Long‐term follow‐up of a patient treated with an adjuvant corticosteroid
Authors: de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Martins Allisson Filipe Lopes , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , von Zeidler Sandra Ventorin , Estrela Carlos , Mendonça Elismauro Francisco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCentral giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is one of the most intriguing lesions of the jaws and its nature has not yet been fully elucidated. Clinically, some CGCG behave more aggressively, while others have an indolent course. In cases of aggressive CGCG of the maxilla, effective personalized therapies are worth understanding.Case reportWe report here a challenging case of aggressive CGCG in a 15‐year‐old girl which was misdiagnosed as an endodontic lesion. Radiographically, a large osteolytic lesion involving the hard palate from the central incisor to the second premolar, extending into the nasal cavity, with loss of the lamina dura and cortical resorption was observed. The lesion expanded aggressively after extensive curettage. With possible mutilation and defects due to a more radical approach to the lesion, treatment with systemic prednisone and intralesional triamcinolone hexacetonide associated with a calcitonin nasal spray was instituted. The decision in favor of this therapeutic strategy was made after careful immunohistochemical analysis of calcitonin and glucocorticoid receptors. The H‐score for the staining of glucocorticoid and calcitonin receptors in multinucleated giant cells was 222 and 153.6, respectively. The lesion reduced in size, and no adverse effects associated with medications were observed. Another curettage was performed, and only fibrous connective tissue was found. The patient is in follow‐up for 11 years without evidence of recurrence.ConclusionPharmacological agents hold clinical promise in cases of aggressive CGCG affecting the maxilla of pediatric patients. Investigating the expression of calcitonin and glucocorticoid receptors in order to plan treatment is very helpful in the decision to manage aggressive CGCG.
Pneumocystis pneumonia with hypogammaglobulinemia in a pediatric patient who underwent heart transplantation
Authors: Takajo Daiji , Sehgal Swati , Blake Jennifer , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 23‐month‐old Caucasian female who had heart transplantation (HT) at 11 days of age was diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in the setting of secondary hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG). She was diagnosed with HGG at 5 months of age and had been receiving monthly intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. This is the first case report describing the clinical course of PCP in a pediatric patient with HGG. She developed PCP 23 months after HT even when she was off steroids and was receiving timely IVIG. The case posed some clinical questions regarding PCP prophylaxis and HGG management.
Hair follicle dystrophy in a litter of domestic cats resembling lanceolate hair mutant mice
Authors: Rostaher Ana , Bettenay Sonya , Specht Lisa , Silva Kathleen A. , Bechtold Lesley , Chen Jiang , Majzoub Monir , Mueller Ralf S. , Sundberg John P. 
Published: January 2021

RésuméContexteUne nouvelle anomalie congénitale de la tige pilaire ressemblant au phénotype nu des rongeurs est décrite dans une portée de quatre chats européens (DSH). Les données relatives aux anomalies de la tige pilaire et des follicules pileux sont rares en médecine vétérinaire.ObjectifsDécrire et comparer les anomalies structurelles de ces chats avec d’autres dystrophies félines et d’autres mammifères.SujetsUne portée de chats DSH avec alopécie progressive non‐inflammatoire.MéthodesL’évaluation histopathologique, la microscopie électronique à transmission et l’analyse des éléments par rayons X définissaient les changements pilaires et cutanés des chats nés alopéciques. Les données ont été comparées aux archives de chats normaux et de souris mutantes Dsg4lahJ et Krt75tm1Der.RésultatsLa microscopie électronique à lumière et à balayage des poils a révélé des défauts de forme de l’extrémité de la tige pilaire en pointe ou en lance. Les données histopathologiques consistaient en des tiges pilaires enflées, initialement au dessus de la matrice du bulbe pilaire et ensuite retrouvé dans les parties distales des follicules pileux télogènes, semblables à ceux observés chez les souris mutantes Dsg4lahJ Krt75tm1Der . La microscopie électronique à transmission de la tige pilaire et des follicules pileux a révélé une perte de la structure normale des poils de garde chez les chats alopéciques. Il y a avait une diminution statistiquement significative du contenu en sulfure juste au dessous des défauts des tiges pilaires (trichothiodystrophie).Conclusions et importance Cliniqueune forme rare d’alopécie congénitale résultant en une dystrophie folliculaire est décrite chez le chat, comparable aux changements de la tige pilaire et du follicule pileux décrits dans plusieurs souches de souris mutantes avec une mutation génétique unique des gènes des molécules d’adhésion ou de kératine.
Interés asegurable en los contratos de leasing.
Authors: Salamanca Ibarra Oscar Eduardo 
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad efectuar un análisis de las sentencias propuestas de forma que se puedan evidenciar los criterios aplicados por los jueces para la resolución de los casos. En este entendido, se efectuará una breve descripción de los hechos, se incluirá una breve reseña de los fallos de instancia y de los fundamentos adoptados en dichos fallos, se planteará un problema jurídico que a juicio del autor del presente trabajo se procuró resolver por parte de las Cortes y finalmente se hará un análisis crítico de la decisión adoptada conforme al problema jurídico planteado.
Las sentencias corresponden a casos en los que la controversia se deriva de la interpretación de contratos de leasing y el análisis de la existencia del interés asegurable sobre los bienes objeto de dichos contratos. Este análisis permitirá entender la posición jurisprudencial respecto al aseguramiento de los bienes objeto de este tipo de contratos, lo que a su vez permitirá comprender el alcance y la necesidad de propiciar un correcto aseguramiento de los diferentes intereses que pueden tener las partes, esto es el locatario y la compañía de leasing.
Metamorphic P-T-t evolution of amphibolite in the north Hengshan terrane, North China Craton: Insights into the late Paleoproterozoic tectonic processes from initial collision to final exhumation
Authors: Qian Jiahui , Yin Changqing , Li Shun , Zhang Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmphibolite retrograded from high-pressure (HP) mafic granulite can provide valuable insight into exhumation of deeply buried crust in orogenic belts. In the north Hengshan terrane of the North China Craton, amphibolite occurs as rims of HP mafic granulite block or as smaller homogeneous boudins representing retrograde products of the granulite. Three amphibolite samples were selected. The rocks are mainly composed of hornblende + plagioclase + quartz + biotite + ilmenite with or without garnet pseudomorph consisting of plagioclase + hornblende + ilmenite and symplectite of hornblende + plagioclase ± clinopyroxene. The pseudomorph-, symplectite-bearing sample experienced a post-peak isothermal decompression at &gt;800 °C that was accompanied by breakdown of garnet and clinopyroxene. Isopleths of the maximum An in plagioclase and Ti in hornblende were used to constrain the Tmax stage of ca. 6 kbar/825–850 °C, which was followed by cooling and post-cooling decompression. For the sample showing an “equilibrated” mineral assemblage, a medium-temperature decompression from &gt;6.8 kbar/685 °C to 3.6–4.8 kbar/640–660 °C was inferred. P-T evolution of the north Hengshan terrane is characterized by two discrete (post-peak and post-cooling) decompression processes. Zircon U-Pb dating of amphibolite yields a metamorphic age of 1868 ± 15 Ma, which is interpreted to record the timing of late amphibolization. Synthesized metamorphic P-T-t data in the Hengshan-Wutai area indicate a complicated tectonic evolution that includes an older collisional orogeny at ca. 1.95 Ga and a younger metamorphism at ca. 1.85 Ga. The post-cooling decompression path of the amphibolite may reflect final exhumation of the north Hengshan terrane through the late deformation/metamorphism of the Zhujiafang shear zone.
E-bike and classic bicycle-related traumatic brain injuries presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Verbeek Anna J M , de Valk Janneke , Schakenraad Ditmar , Verbeek Jan F M , Kroon Anna A 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundE-bike usage is increasingly popular and concerns about e-bike-related injuries and safety have risen as more injured e-bikers attend the emergency department (ED). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of severe morbidity and mortality in bicycle-related accidents. This study compares the frequency and severity of TBI after an accident with an e-bike or classic bicycle among patients treated in the ED.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of patients with bicycle-related injuries attending the ED of a level 1 trauma centre in the Netherlands between June 2016 and May 2017. The primary outcomes were frequency and severity of TBI (defined by the Abbreviated Injury Scale head score ≥1). Injury Severity Score, surgical intervention, hospitalisation and 30-day mortality were secondary outcomes. Independent risk factors for TBI were identified with multiple logistic regression.ResultsWe included 834 patients, of whom there were 379 e-bike and 455 classic bicycle users. The frequency of TBI was not significantly different between the e-bike and classic bicycle group (respectively, n=56, 15% vs n=73, 16%; p=0.61). After adjusting for age, gender, velocity, anticoagulation use and alcohol intoxication the OR for TBI with an e-bike compared with classic bicycle was 0.90 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.45). Independent of type of bicycle, TBI was more likely if velocity was 26–45 km/hour, OR 8.14 (95% CI 2.36 to 28.08), the patient was highly alcohol intoxicated, OR 7.02 (95% CI 2.88 to 17.08) or used anticoagulants, OR 2.18 (95% CI 1.20 to 3.97). TBI severity was similar in both groups (p=0.65): eight e-bike and seven classic bicycle accident victims had serious TBI.ConclusionThe frequency and severity of TBI among patients treated for bicycle-related injuries at our ED was similar for e-bike and classic bicycle users. Velocity, alcohol intoxication and anticoagulant use were the main determinants of the risk of head injury regardless of type of bicycle used.