bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractalkine Elicits Chemotactic, Phenotypic, and Functional Effects on CX3CR1+CD27− NK Cells in Obesity-Associated Cancer
Authors: Mylod Eimear , Melo Ashanty M , Donlon Noel E , Davern Maria , Bhardwaj Anshul , Reynolds John V , Lysaght Joanne , Conroy Melissa J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Esophagogastric adenocarcinomas (EAC) are obesity-associated malignancies underpinned by severe immune dysregulation and inflammation. Our previous work indicates that NK cells migrate to EAC omentum, where they undergo phenotypic and functional alterations and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate whether such erroneous chemotaxis to omentum is paralleled by compromised NK cell infiltration of EAC patient tumor and examine the role of the inflammatory chemokine fractalkine in shaping the NK cell–mediated response. Our data show diminished NK cell frequencies in EAC tumor compared with those in the circulation and reveal that intratumoral NK cell frequencies decline as visceral obesity increases in EAC patients. Our in vitro findings demonstrate that antagonism of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 significantly reduces NK cell migration to EAC patient–derived, omental adipose tissue–conditioned media, but not toward tumor-conditioned media. These data suggest fractalkine is a key driver of NK cell chemotaxis to omentum but has a lesser role in NK cell homing to tumor in EAC. We propose that this may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to limit NK cell depletion in the omentum of obese EAC patients, and our data suggest the optimal timing for CX3CR1 antagonism is after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Our functional studies demonstrate that fractalkine induces the conversion from CX3CR1+CD27− to CX3CR1−CD27+ NK cells and increases their IFN-γ and TNF-α production, indicative of its role in shaping the dominant NK cell phenotype in EAC omentum. This study uncovers crucial and potentially druggable pathways underpinning NK cell dysfunction in obesity-associated cancer and provides compelling insights into fractalkine’s diverse biological functions.
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin–Infected Dendritic Cells Induce TNF-α–Dependent Cell Cluster Formation That Promotes Bacterial Dissemination through an In Vitro Model of the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Gilpin Trey E , Walter Fruzsina R , Herbath Melinda , Sandor Matyas , Fabry Zsuzsanna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
CNS tuberculosis (CNSTB) is the most severe manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection, but the mechanism of how mycobacteria cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is not well understood. In this study, we report a novel murine in vitro BBB model combining primary brain endothelial cells, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin–infected dendritic cells (DCs), PBMCs, and bacterial Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. We show that mycobacterial infection limits DC mobility and also induces cellular cluster formation that has a similar composition to pulmonary mycobacterial granulomas. Within the clusters, infection from DCs disseminates to the recruited monocytes, promoting bacterial expansion. Mycobacterium-induced in vitro granulomas have been described previously, but this report shows that they can form on brain endothelial cell monolayers. Cellular cluster formation leads to cluster-associated damage of the endothelial cell monolayer defined by mitochondrial stress, disorganization of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-5, upregulation of the adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and increased transmigration of bacteria-infected cells across the BBB. TNF-α inhibition reduces cluster formation on brain endothelial cells and mitigates cluster-associated damage. These data describe a model of bacterial dissemination across the BBB shedding light on a mechanism that might contribute to CNS tuberculosis infection and facilitate treatments.
Evaluation of intraocular pressure change and anterior segment parameters after intravitreal bevacizumab injection – Cannula size matters
Authors: Hamidi Nagihan A. , Güneş İrfan B. , Baykara Mehmet 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:
To determine the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber parameters following intravitreal bevacizumab injection with different sizes of cannulas.

METHODS:
This clinical trial was conducted with 70 eyes of 70 patients who received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab with 26 G (Group 1) or 30 G (Group 2) needle. Preinjection and postinjection 30th-min IOP and pentacam measurements were obtained. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) measurements were evaluated in pentacam.

RESULTS:
Preinjection mean IOP values in Group 1 and 2 were 14.7 ± 3.29 mm Hg and 15.1 ± 2.87 mm Hg, respectively. Postinjection mean IOP in Group 1 was 16.8 ± 6.24 mm Hg and in Group 2 was 20.3 ± 3.66 mm Hg. Postinjection mean IOP values were significantly higher than preinjection values in both groups (Group 1 P < 0.005 and Group 2 P < 0.001). IOP change was significantly higher in Group 2 after injection (P < 0.05). In both groups, the change in IOP found to be more significant in phakic eyes than pseudophakic eyes (Group 1 P < 0.001, Group 2 P < 0.001). CCT and CV were significantly higher in both groups 30 min after the injection than preinjection (Group 1 and Group 2; P < 0.01). In Group 2 ACD, ACV and ICA values were significantly lower than preinjection values (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Needle bore size is an important parameter that influences anterior segment parameters and IOP change in the intravitreal injection. IOP rise and anterior segment changes are more prominent with a thinner cannula.
Expression of ALP and TGF-β in Osteoblast Cell Cultures after Administering Collagen Peptide Derived from Gouramy (Osphronemus goramy) Fish Scales
Authors: Tionardus Melissa , Dwija Putra I Gusti Ngurah Agung Gede , Ulfah Noer , Krismariono Agung , Setiawatie Ernie Maduratna , Prahasanti Chiquita 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Collagen peptide extracted from gouramy fish scale has noncytotoxic effects and good viability on osteoblast cells. Various characteristic tests also show that it could form as scaffold with the potential to be a biomaterial graft used in tissue engineering. Studies in this field are vital considering the fact that graft is highly essential for the development and success of regeneration therapy. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in osteoblast cell cultures after administering collagen peptide derived from gouramy fish scale.

Material and Methods:
Osteoblast cells were put into 60 well plates divided into two groups. The first group was to analyze the expression of ALP, while the second group was for TGF-β. Then, each of the group was divided into five other groups consisting of cell control and culture of osteoblast cell having collagen peptide derived from gouramy fish scale with four different concentrations. The collagen peptide was extracted through enzymatic method. Then, the immunocytochemistry assay was used to detect the expression of ALP and TGF-β in the osteoblast cell cultures derived from calvaria mice after administering collagen peptide from the fish scale. The statistical methods used include Multivariate Analysisof Variance (MANOVA) analysis with a significance value of 0.000 (P < 0.05) and Tukey Honest Significance Test (HSD).

Results:
The statistical results showed that the collagen peptide derived from gouramy fish scales with various concentrations produced significantly different expressions of ALP and TGF-β.

Conclusion:
The expression of ALP and TGF-β in osteoblast cell cultures increased after administering the collagen peptide derived from the gouramy fish scales.
In Vitro Osteogenic Potential of Freeze-Dried Homologous Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Murdiastuti Kwartarini , Olivia Niken , Kusumadewi Wiwin-winda , Sumito Nandini 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is paid attention for regenerative therapy because it clinically improves neoangiogenesis and periodontal regeneration. PRP can be made in form of homologous PRP (HPRP) from healthy, screened, and habitual blood donors and freeze-dried to increase stored time of HPRP and maintain growth factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate freeze-dried homologous platelet-rich plasma (FD HPRP) on osteogenesis.

Material and Methods:
HPRP was taken from the blood bank and then a freeze-drying and γ-radiation process was carried out with doses of 20 and 25 KGy, respectively, for the sterilization. Blood was collected as much as 10 mL and then centrifuged at 700 rpm for 3 minutes to produce injectable platelet-rich fibrin (iPRF) as a positive control. Cell line MG63 were cultured to confluent, and then treated with FD HPRP 20 kGy, FD HPRP 25 kGy, iPRF, and one group non treated as a negative control. Osteocytes were determined based on morphology after hematoxylin staining to see the differentiation process. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:
There was a significant difference in the number of osteocytes between FD HPRP and negative control (P < 0.05). The number of osteocytes FD HPRP 25 was higher than FD HPRP 20.

Conclusion:
The present results indicate that FD HPRP could support the bone regeneration and used without any preparation like fresh PRP.
Maternal Obesity Affecting Immediate Neonatal Outcomes in Infants of Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Abdulla Sajida , Divakaran Manjula Velikkakath , Ramakrishnan Radha Kunnath 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
The association between maternal obesity and increased neonatal morbidity in infants of diabetic mothers needs to be evaluated.

Aims:
The objective of the study is to compare the immediate neonatal complications of obese and nonobese gestational diabetic mothers (GDM).

Settings and Design:
This prospective case–control study was conducted in a tertiary care center in Kerala, South India, between July 1, 2019 and January 1, 2020.

Methods:
Six hundred and seventy-seven obstetric patient records of deliveries conducted between July 1, 2019 and January 1, 2020 were reviewed. Neonatal outcomes of infants of obese and nonobese diabetic mothers (categorization based on prepregnancy body mass index [BMI]) were compared with the healthy neonatal controls born during the study period. Outcomes studied were neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, NICU stay more than 7 days, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, phototherapy, and proportion of small for gestational age in infants of diabetic mothers.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis used odds ratio and Chi-square tests.

Results:
One hundred and sixty-eight were found to be eligible to be included in the study. Eighty-four GDM cases were matched with 84 healthy control mothers. Hypoglycemia (P = 0.001), respiratory distress (P = 0.002), NICU admission (P = 0.001), prolonged NICU stay, and phototherapy were significantly associated with those mothers who had high BMI.

Conclusions:
Compared to infants of nonobese GDMs, infants of obese GDMs are at higher risk of hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, phototherapy, and NICU stay more than 7 days.
Association of parental food choice motives, attitudes, and sugar exposure in the diet with early childhood caries
Authors: Samaddar Anwesha , Shrikrishna Suprabha Baranya , Moza Aastha , Shenoy Ramya 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Parents can affect their children's diet by making some food components more accessible. Food choice motives and attitudes of the parents toward sugary food may influence children's diet.

Aims:
The aim of the study is to investigate the association of parental food choice motives, attitudes toward sugar consumption, and dietary sugar exposure with early childhood caries (ECC).

Settings and Design:
This case–control study involved 200 children, aged 3–5 years with an equal number of cases (with ECC) and controls (without ECC), based on the WHO-decay-missing-filled teeth index criteria for dental caries.

Materials and Methods:
The data for parental food choice motives and attitudes toward sugar consumption were obtained using questionnaire answered by their parents, and the dietary sugar exposure was calculated using a 24 h diet chart. Data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression.

Results:
Most parents (99.5%) considered “maintaining health and nutrition” as an important criterion, above 85% parents thought “mood of the child,” “child likes and dislikes,” “sensory appeal of the food item,” “natural foods,” “quality of the food,” and “weight control” criteria important while selecting food items, with no significant difference between cases and controls. About 61% of the cases considered buying food based on convenience is important, as compared to 47% controls, and the difference was significant. Cases and controls did not differ in attitudes toward sugar consumption. Sugar exposure was significantly higher among the cases.

Conclusion:
High dietary sugar exposure is associated with ECC. Parents of children with ECC are likely to buy foods for their children based on convenience and availability.
Association of preterm low-birth-weight infants and maternal periodontitis during pregnancy
Authors: Dave Bhavna Haresh , Shah Ekta B , Gaikwad Rita V , Shah Susmita S 
Published: July 2021

Context:
The impact of periodontal disease during pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes is seen in the literature. When it comes to the link of disease related to periodontium to that of adverse pregnancy outcomes, a need can arise if a significant cause-effect relationship does exist or not between them.

Aim:
The study was aimed to determine the association of periodontal health status in pregnant women with the occurrence of preterm low birth weight (LBW) infants in Vadodara, Gujarat.

Settings and Design:
An interventional study with 100 patients was conducted, of which 67 participants were included in the control group and 33 participants were included in the intervention group. A total of 12 participants dropped out from the study and 88 were analyzed for the outcome.

Subjects and Methods:
The Community periodontal Index of Treatment needs index was taken for all enrolled participants and then were divided into interventional group and control group. Participants in the interventional group underwent scaling and root planning. Data related to the time of delivery and weight of the baby was taken from the hospital records.

Statistical Analysis:
A comparison of baseline characteristics was made using unpaired t-test. Chi-square test was used for the analysis of intergroup comparison. The odds ratio and the relative risk calculation were also done. P ≤ 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.

Results:
The odds ratio for both preterm and LBW were 3.86 times and 2.96, respectively. The Chi-square statistical test analysis was statistically significant for both preterm and LBW infants on the intergroup comparison.

Conclusion:
Periodontal disease can be considered as one of the risk factors for preterm LBW babies as not only the presence of disease condition causes an increase in inflammatory mediator but also the elimination of the disease condition reduces the adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Correlation between the antioxidant capacity of plasma and blood glucose level
Authors: Nurinda Eva , Emelda  , Kusumawardani Nurul 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Oxidative stress on tissues can cause diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim: This study aimed to pharmacologically evaluate the decrease in blood glucose levels and its relationship with the total antioxidant capacity of the blood compared to glibenclamide. Method: An experimental study with completely randomised designs was carried out. Rats were induced with streptozotosin followed by ethanolic extract for ten days. Results: The One-Way Anova test, showed that the increase of the total antioxidant capacity of plasma treated with ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia and Curcuma zanthorrhiza was comparable in the same amount to glibenclamide (p=0.345), (p=0.289). There was a relationship between total blood antioxidant capacity and blood glucose levels, this linear association was expressed with the following mathematical equation: y = 20,253 - 2,946x. Conclusion: The antioxidant content of Tinospora cordifolia, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, and Cinnamomum verum has the potential to control blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.
Fluconazole-tartaric acid co-crystal formation and its mechanical properties
Authors: Alatas Fikri , Suwartiningsih Nia , Ratih Hestiary , Sutarna Titta Hartyana 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The formation of co-crystal is widely studied to obtain more favourable physicochemical properties than the pure active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The co-crystal formation between an anti-fungal drug, fluconazole (FLU), and tartaric acid (TAR) has been investigated and its impact on mechanical properties has also been studied.
Methods: The co-crystal of FLU-TAR (1:1) molar ratio was prepared by ultrasound-assisted solution co-crystallization (USSC) method with ethanol as the solvent. Polarization microscopy was used to observe the crystal morphology. Meanwhile, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used to characterise the co-crystal formation. The mechanical properties of the co-crystal, such as flowability and tablet-ability, were compared with pure FLU.
Results: Photomicroscopes revealed the unique crystal morphology of the USSC product was different from the two starting components. The typical PXRD pattern was shown by the USSC product, which indicated the formation of FLU-TAR co-crystal. In addition, the DSC thermogram revealed 169.2°C as the melting point of the FLU-TAR co-crystal, which is between the melting points of FLU and TAR. It indicates that FLU-TAR co-crystal has better flowability and tablet-ability than pure FLU.
Conclusion: FLU-TAR co-crystal is one of the alternative solid forms for a raw material in pharmaceutical tablet preparation because it has better mechanical properties than pure fluconazole.
Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of combination of Salam Leaves (Syzygiumpolyanthum) and Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) infusum in rats induced by castor oil
Authors: Khuluq Husnul , Marlina Evi 
Published: July 2021

Backround: Diarrhoea is a condition characterised by watery, loose stools that occurs more than three times daily. In Indonesian traditional medicine, salam leaves and jackfruit leaves have been used as herbal treatments for many conditions, including as antidiarrheal medicines.
Aims: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of a combination of Salam leaves and jackfruit leaves infusum induced by castor oil in rats.
Method: The rats were divided into nine groups, where the negative control group was given CMC 1 %, the positive control group was given tannins, and five test groups were given the infusum with five comparisons of each dose administered orally. Castor oil was used as a stimulant of diarrhoea.
Results: The results show that with all combinations of salam leaves: jackfruit leaves have antidiarrheal effects with decreased frequency of defecation, faeces consistency, and faeces weight at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1 compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). Phytochemical test of the infusum indicated positive tannins. The antidiarrheal effect of both infusums might be due to the presence of tannins, which have anti-secretory effect in the intestinal lumen.
Conclusions: The treatment with combination of salam leaves and jackfruit leaves infusum in rats induced by Castor oil has an antidiarrheal effect. The best result is a mixture of salam infusum: jackfruit infusum with 3:1 ratio.
Adverse drug reactions associated with successful treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital Central Jakarta
Authors: Kurniawan Adin Hakim , Cartika Harpolia , Aisyah Siti 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Indonesia experiences Tuberculosis (TB) cases that are very complex and complicated, especially those dealing with Multi-Drug Resistance TB (MDR-TB). Its therapy using several types of drugs can cause several problems; one of them is an adverse drug reaction.
Aim: To investigate the association between Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) and the successful treatments of MDR-TB patients.
Method: This was a retrospective study, the population in this study were all patients with medical and treatment records for MDR-TB. This sampling type is a purposive sampling technique. The statistical analysis used the chi-square test as the statistical test.
Results: The significant correlation was between the incidence of ADRs and successful treatment with p=0.024; odd ratio=2.526; CI=1.193 - 17.892.
Conclusions: This study may help in formulating strategies for the timely and aggressive management of adverse drug reactions. This can reduce the deferral of therapy and increase the clinical success rate.
Analysis of pharmacists’ knowledge and attitude in the pharmaceutical industry of halal certification and their readiness to produce halal medicine
Authors: Rahem Abdul , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Faridah Hayyun Durrotul 
Published: July 2021

Background: Since the issuance of Law 33 in 2014 concerning Guaranteed Halal Products, the government has an obligation to remind all parties that the law should be carried out properly in regards to the halal certification of medicine.
Aim: This study aims to determine the attitude of pharmacists towards halal medicine and their readiness to produce it, as well as the relationship between their attitude and readiness.
Methods: This study had a cross-sectional observational design, the research variable was the attitude and readiness of pharmacists to produce halal drugs. The sample used was 206 pharmacists who were carrying out professional practice in the pharmaceutical industry in East Java. The instrument used was a valid and reliable questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that 51.54% of respondents agreed with halal certification on medicines and 58.74% of pharmacists were ready to produce halal medicine.
Conclusion: The majority of pharmacists were in support of producing certified halal medicine. The attitude of these pharmacists was also related to their readiness to produce halal medicine.
In vivo activity of Phaseolus vulgaris as an anti-hypercholesterolemic
Authors: Idacahyati Keni , Sukmawan Yedy Purwandi , Yanti Nopi , Wulandari Winda Trisna , Gustaman Firman , Indra  
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia occurs due to increased levels of lipids and cholesterol in the blood. Phytosterols, such as stigmasterol in Phaseolus vulgaris, can reduce blood cholesterol levels.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of P. vulgarisin hypercholesterolemic rats.
Methods: Nine groups underwent the anti-hypercholesterolemia test: control group, negative group, positive group, 150 mg/kg body weight (bw) and 300 mg/kg bw n-hexane extract groups, 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract groups, and 150 mg/kg bw and 300 mg/kg bw ethanol extract groups.
Results: All groups, except the control group, were given a high cholesterol diet to induce hypercholesterolemia (until the total cholesterol levels were higher than 200 mg/dL), followed by testing for ten days. The results showed that the 300 mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract group had the best activity in reducing total cholesterol.