bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current, quantum transport and entropic force of bosonic system interacting with two thermal reservoirs
Authors: Bhattacharya Jayarshi , Gangopadhyay Gautam , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamics of current and quantum transport factor in a bosonic system consisting of a central system interacting with two reservoirs at different temperatures. We derive a master equation describing the time evolution of the density matrix of the system, accounting for the interactions and energy transfer between the components. We quantify the current, representing the flow of bosons through the system and analyse its dependence on the system's parameters and temperatures of the thermal reservoirs. In the steady state regime, we derived an expression for the quantum transport factor of the energy transfer process. Our analysis show that quantum effects, such as the dependence on temperature can significantly impact this factor. In particular, we observe that the transport factor of the quantum system is greater than the corresponding factor when the temperature goes to infinity, where the factor has an identical form with the Carnot efficiency of an ideal heat engine. We then derived the Fokker-Planck equation to find out the Glauber-Sudarsan P-representation. In the steady state of the equation, the probability distribution comes out to be in Gaussian form. We then calculated the entropic force for this probability distribution which gives the Hooke's law in the steady state, in agreement with the fact that our system is a harmonic oscillator.
Scaling laws for optimal Herschel–Bulkley yield stress fluid flow in self-similar tree-like branching networks
Authors: Garg Ashish 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fractal networks fluid flows have attracted significant research interest, yet most studies often assume a constant viscosity or power-law fluid flows. This research explores yield stress fluid flows in fractal tube networks, which are commonly found in engineered microfluidic devices and various industrial processes. We analyze optimal flow conditions and structures in tree-like branching networks using Herschel-Bulkley fluid model to understand yield stress materials. We focus on maximizing flow conductance under volume constraints, assuming steady, incompressible, fully developed laminar flow in circular tubes. We propose a conjecture that if the tube-wall stress, remains the same in the network for all branches, then an optimal solution exists and we derive the theoretical formulations for it. We find that the flow conductance is extremely sensitive to the geometry of the network. The effective conductance initially rises as the daughter-parent radius ratio increases, but eventually, it begins to decline. The peak conductance occurs at a specific radius ratio. We find that optimal network geometry depends on the number of branch splits N, and independent of the power-law index n and the yield stress τ

y
. This optimal condition leads to an equal pressure drop as well as equal tube-volume across each branching generation level. Our results are validated with existing theory and extended to encompass shear-thinning and shear-thickening behaviors for any number of splits N with and without yield stress. Additionally, we derive relationships between geometrical and flow characteristics for parent and daughter tubes, including wall stresses, length ratios. These findings provide valuable design principles for efficient transport systems involving yield stress fluids.
Statistical inference and optimal plans for improved adaptive type-II progressive censored data following Kumaraswamy-G family of distributions
Authors: Irfan Mohd , Dutta Subhankar , Sharma Anup Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present paper attempts to study the parametric inference for Kumaraswamy's generalized family of distribution under an improved adaptive Type-II progressive censored sample. Under the frequentist approach, maximum likelihood estimates and maximum product spacing estimates of unknown model parameters are computed using Newton-Raphson methods. The existence and uniqueness properties of maximum likelihood estimates are deduced. Approximate confidence intervals for parameters are created via a variance-covariance matrix and bootstrap resampling methods. Under squared error and LINEX loss function, the Bayes estimates are investigated using independent gamma priors distribution for the unknown parameters. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approximation technique has been used to compute the Bayes estimates and produce the highest posterior density credible intervals. The efficacy of the suggested approach is assessed using an extensive simulation study. The convergence of the MCMC sample is judged through the different diagnostic plots. Three optimality criteria have been presented to choose the most suitable progressive scheme from various sampling plans. A real-life situation representing the tensile strength of polyester fibres is used to show the application of the recommended work in a real-world scenario.
Testing gravity with realistic gravitational waveforms in Pulsar Timing Arrays
Authors: Hu Wayne , Liang Qiuyue , Lin Meng-Xiang , Trodden Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We consider the effects of relaxing the assumption that gravitational waves composing the
stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) are uncorrelated between frequencies in analyses
of the data from Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). While uncorrelated monochromatic plane waves are
often a good approximation, a background composed of unresolved astrophysical sources cannot be
exactly uncorrelated since an infinite plane wave propagates no temporal signal. We consider how
relaxing this assumption allows us to extract potential information about modified dispersion
relations and other fundamental physics questions, as both the group and phase velocity of waves
become relevant. After developing the formalism we carry out simple Gaussian wavepacket examples
and then consider more realistic waveforms, such as that from binary inspirals. When the
frequency evolves only slowly across the PTA temporal baseline, the monochromatic assumption at an
effective mean frequency remains a good approximation and we provide scaling relations that
characterize its accuracy.
Cosmological constraints from calibrated Ep
- E
iso gamma-ray burst correlation by using DESI 2024 data release
Authors: Alfano Anna Chiara , Luongo Orlando , Muccino Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent outcomes by the DESI Collaboration have shed light on a possible slightly evolving
dark energy, challenging the standard ΛCDM paradigm. To better understand dark energy
nature, high-redshift observations like gamma-ray burst data become essential for mapping the
universe expansion history, provided they are calibrated with other probes. To this aim, we
calibrate the Ep
- E
iso (or Amati) correlation through model-independent Bézier
interpolations of the updated Hubble rate and the novel DESI data sets. More precisely, we provide
two Bézier calibrations: i) handling the entire DESI sample, and ii) excluding the point at
z
eff = 0.51, criticized by the recent literature. In both the two options, we let the comoving
sound horizon at the drag epoch, rd
, vary in the range rd
∈ [138, 156] Mpc. The Planck
value is also explored for comparison. By means of the so-calibrated gamma-ray bursts, we thus
constrain three dark energy frameworks, namely the standard ΛCDM, the ω
0CDM and
the ω
0
ω
1CDM models, in both spatially flat and non-flat universes. To do so, we
worked out Monte Carlo Markov chain analyses, making use of the Metropolis-Hastings
algorithm. Further, we adopt model selection criteria to check the statistically preferred
cosmological model finding a preference towards the concordance paradigm with a zero curvature
parameter. Nonetheless, the criteria also show a weak preference towards the non-flat ΛCDM
and the flat ω
0CDM scenario, leaving open to the possibility of such models as
alternatives to the flat concordance paradigm. Finally, we compared the constraints got from the
prompt emission Ep
- E
iso correlation with those from the prompt-afterglow emission
LX
- TX
- Lp
correlation.
Discerning the Very-high-energy Component via the Variation of γ-Rays in PKS 1510−089
Authors: Deng Junhao , Jiang Yunguo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The discovery and identification of very-high-energy (VHE) γ-ray emission of blazars is important for understanding active galactic nucleus jets. Based on Fermi-LAT observations, we find that PKS 1510−089 exhibits a softer-when-brighter trend at the low γ-ray flux level and changes to the harder-when-brighter trend at the high γ-ray flux level. Such a trend transition could be naturally explained by the presence of the VHE component, recently confirmed by the H.E.S.S. Collaboration. To reproduce the trend transition, we construct a two-component model that includes the high-energy (HE) component and the VHE component and consider two variation mechanisms including the change of the Doppler factor and the intrinsic peak frequency. The result is that such a trend transition in the Fermi-LAT range can be better explained by the shift of the peak frequency of the HE component. Combining the broadband spectral energy distribution analysis, we suggest that the HE component may originate from the jet at the broad-line region scale, and the VHE component may originate from the jet at the dust torus scale. The advantage of the spectral variation method enables us to discover the rich VHE emission across blazars.
Enhanced pedestal transport driven by edge collisionality on Alcator C-Mod and its role in regulating H-mode pedestal gradients
Authors: Miller M.A. , Hughes J.W. , Rosenthal A.M. , Mordijck S. , Reksoatmodjo R. , Wigram M. , Dunsmore J. , Sciortino F. , Wilcox R.S. , Odstrčil T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Experimental measurements of plasma and neutral profiles across the pedestal are used in conjunction with 2D edge modeling to examine pedestal stiffness in Alcator C-Mod H-mode plasmas. Enhanced D

α
experiments on Alcator C-Mod observed pedestal degradation and loss in confinement below a critical value of net power crossing the separatrix,

P

net

=

P

net

crit

≈
2.3

MW, in the absence of any external fueling. New analysis of ionization and particle flux profiles reveal saturation of the pedestal electron density,

n

e

ped

, despite continuous increases in ionization throughout the pedestal, inversely related to

P

net

. A limit to the pedestal

∇

n

e

emerges as the particle flux,

Γ

D

, continues to grow, implying increases in the effective particle diffusivity,

D

eff

. This is well-correlated with the separatrix collisionality,

ν

sep

∗

and a turbulence control parameter, α

t
, implying a possible transition in type of turbulence. The transition is well correlated with the experimentally observed value of

P

net

crit

. SOLPS-ITER modeling is performed for select discharges from the power scan, constrained with experimental electron and neutral densities, measured at the outer midplane. The modeling confirms general growth in

D

eff

, consistent with experimental findings, and additionally suggests even larger growth in χ

e
at the same

P

net

crit

.
A Time-over-Threshold asynchronous front-end in 28 nm CMOS for the readout of pixel detectors in extreme radiation environments
Authors: Gaioni L. , Galliani A. , Ratti L. , Re V. , Traversi G. , Falchieri D. , Frontini L. , Stabile A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work describes the design, in a 28 nm CMOS technology, of a front-end channel for the readout of pixel sensors in future particle accelerators. The channel being developed leverages the Time-Over-Threshold technique for the numerical conversion of the detector signal amplitude, and includes a low-noise charge sensitive amplifier featuring a compact gain stage architecture. The front-end circuit features an equivalent noise charge not exceeding 70 electrons r.m.s. for a detector capacitance of 50 fF, with a threshold dispersion of the order of 20 electrons r.m.s. A prototype chip including a matrix of 8x32 readout channels has been submitted for fabrication. The design of the front-end channel, together with the main simulation results, is discussed in the paper.
MLEM-based image reconstruction algorithm for fast neutron scattering imaging
Authors: Shin Jimin , Sim Hayoung , Shin Sunlee , Seo Hee , Kim Soo Mee 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fast neutrons preserve the initial source information (e.g., position, energy, and time)
due to their relatively low probability of interaction with surrounding materials and their
straight path. When measuring fast neutrons using scattering reactions, there is no need to slow
them down to thermal neutrons. This allows for the obtainment of more accurate information. A
neutron scattering imager usually consists of two pixelated scatter detectors. The energy and
scattering angle of the neutrons can be determined from the energy of the protons produced by the
scattering reaction in the first detector, the time of flight between the two detectors, and the
distance between the interaction positions. From these measured quantities, conical surfaces can
be drawn, and the source location can be determined roughly from the overlapping of all such
surfaces drawn. Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) is an iterative statistical
algorithm to reconstruct the source distribution from the measured events in the neutron
scattering imager. In this study, we developed an MLEM algorithm for fast neutron (≤ 20 MeV) scattering image reconstruction using a system matrix with consideration of the scattering
cross-section and angular resolution. Then, we compared the resolution of the MLEM images with
that of simple back-projection (SBP) images.
Performance of the DAQ system of the PANDA Micro-Vertex Detector
Authors: Caselle M. , Manzhura O. , Calvo D. , Dellacasa G. , Chilingaryan S. , Cossio F. , Kopmann A. , Lenta F. , Mazza G. , Peter M. , Sidorenko V. , Stockmanns T. , Tröll N. , Unger K.L. , Zaunick H.-G. , Becker J. , Brinkmann K.-T. ,   the PANDA collaboration
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Micro-Vertex Detector (MVD) is the innermost subdetector of the PANDA (anti-Proton ANnihilations at DArmstadt) detector at FAIR. Its microstrip sensors are read out by custom front-end electronics called ToASt (Torino ASIC for Strip readout) [1]. The ToASt chips are locally managed by an MDC (Module Data Concentrator) [2]. The MDC processes incoming event data and forwards them to the off-detector readout cards based on the AMC (Advanced Mezzanine Card) standard. Both the MDC and the AMC readout card are currently under development at KIT [3].
The complete readout chain, including the double-sided microstrip sensor read by the ToASt chips and the FPGA implementation of the MDC, was successfully tested during a 2023 beam test at COSY (Forschungszentrum Jülich). This proof-of-concept validation of the MDC logic paves the way for the forthcoming ASIC version of the MDC, which is planned for submission in February 2025.
Extensive performance characterization of the current readout chain has been achieved with the MDC-FPGA optically connected to an AMD-Xilinx ZCU102 evaluation card [4], which emulates the AMC off-detector card, through a Versatile Link+ Demo Board (VLDB+) [5].
This contribution presents the MDC-ASIC design, its integration with both the front-end and back-end electronics and the performance results of the complete readout chain.
Effect of synthesis strategies on morphology and antibacterial properties and photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
Authors: Anbarteh Rojin , Aftabi-Khadar Maryam , Hosseini-Hosseinabad Seyed Morteza , Seza Ashkan , Rahmani Fard Soheil , Minaeian Sara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Different morphologies of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), including bulk g-C3N4 (B-CN), ultrathin nanosheet g-C3N4 (N-CN), and porous g-C3N4 (P-CN) were synthesized through a facile one-step approach. They were then employed as efficient photocatalysts under visible light to degrade methylene blue and deactivate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The synthesized powders were characterized using various industry standard techniques and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis successfully represented the various morphologies of g-C3N4. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of synthesized samples were examined, and the results revealed that B-CN, N-CN, and P-CN powders could eliminate around 64%, 82%, and 99% of E. coli under visible light irradiation and about 30%, 56, and 67% in dark conditions. On the other hand, the bacterial reduction rate of S. aureus was approximately 61%, 74%, and 99% for B-CN, N-CN, and P-CN powders under visible light irradiation and about 38%, 60%, and 77% in dark conditions. The SEM analysis revealed that P-CN caused E. coli and S. aureus bacteria to rupture, completely separating their internal contents from the cell membrane. g-C3N4 photocatalytic antibacterial agents can be utilized as a unique potential solution for nosocomial infection management.
An injectable sodium-mangiferin homopolymeric hydrogel accelerated skin full-thickness wound healing in guinea pig model
Authors: Wang Ning-Xiang , Huang Mei-Rong , Huang Min , Lv Jun-Mei , Wei Pei-Ning , Li Sun-Han , Ding Shilei , Yang Tao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the treatment of joints, mucosa, and full-thickness wounds, traditional implant surgery presents not only inconvenience but also a significant risk of wound infection. Additionally, the pharmaceutical application of mangiferin (MGF) has been severely restricted due to its poor water solubility. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of sodium-mangiferin (MGF-Na(S)) using the salt formation method. This novel compound exhibits a solubility of up to 80 mg ml−1, which is remarkably 800 times higher than that of MGF. Subsequently, MGF-Na(S) was combined with water to synthesize an injectable sodium-mangiferin homopolymeric hydrogel (MGF-Na(HG)). The hydrogel was further characterized, and its wound-healing properties were investigated. The results indicate that MGF-Na(HG) effectively extends the residence time of therapeutic agents on the wound surface, thereby enhancing wound healing. Moreover, this hydrogel forms a protective gel layer that prevents exogenous bacterial reinfection, providing an optimal environment for wound healing. Furthermore, the hydrogel demonstrated excellent self-healing and injectable properties, highlighting its potential for managing postoperative wounds. The successful utilization of this injectable, self-healing, and antibacterial MGF-Na(HG) in wound healing offers a novel approach for the application of MGF.
Encapsulation of AD-MSC- derived extracellular nanovesicles in an electrospun three-layer scaffold: characterization and controlled release analysis in vitro
Authors: Ghorbani Raziyeh , Abbaszadeh Hojjat Allah , Ramezani Reihaneh , Taghipour Niloofar , Rahimpour Azam , Hosseinzadeh Simzar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The combining of therapeutic agents with electrospun nanofibers boosts their regeneration potential; therefore, Researchers have increasingly turned towards the development of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds to encapsulate or surface-adsorb biological payloads, such as cytokines, exosomes, peptides, nucleic acids, and enzymes. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, ease of manufacturing, and drug-loading capacity, electrospun nanofibers are hopeful in tissue engineering and scaffold fabrication. Electrospun multilayer scaffolds offer a promising construction for preserving the integrity and bioactivity of therapeutic factors while permitting the controlled and prolonged release of biomolecules into the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanism of controlled release of electrospun exosomes from a three-layer nanofiber scaffold and its effect on the expression of DDR2 and VEGF genes in fibroblast cells in vitro. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were obtained and isolated from liposuction surgery samples, and their intrinsic nature was confirmed using flow cytometry. After the exosomes were separated from the cell supernatant, their size, shape, and index markers were identified. The cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and mechanical characteristics of scaffolds were evaluated. The qRT-PCR results showed the upregulation of DDR2 and VEGF genes in the three-layer scaffold containing the exosomes was 2.04 and 1.47-fold compared to the control group. The design and construction of multi-layered electrospun nanofibers loaded with bioactive substances and favorable mechanical and biological properties for controlled and sustained release will be promising and effective scaffolds for therapeutic purposes.
Optimal parameter setting and evaluation for ultraviolet-assisted direct ink writing bioprinting of nHA/PEGDA scaffold
Authors: Li Yumeng , Ma Jiaqi , Wang Jing , Kong Yanlei , Wang Feng , Zhang Pengfei , Fan Yawei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ultraviolet-assisted Direct Ink Writing (UV-DIW), an extrusion-based additive manufacturing technology, has emerged as a prominent 3D printing technique and is currently an important topic in bone tissue engineering research. This study focused on the printability of double-network bioink (Nano-hydroxyapatite/Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (nHA/PEGDA)). Next, we search for the optimal UV-DIW printing parameters for the scaffold formed by nHA-PEGDA. In the end, we developed a scaffold that has outstanding structural integrity and can repair bone defects. Achieving high-quality UV-DIW printing can be challenging due to a variety of factors (slurry solid content, rheology, printing conditions, etc.). At present, there are limited reports about precise parameter configurations for UV-DIW printing. We optimised the solid composition of the slurry by varying the quantities of nHA and PEGDA, establishing the maximum solid content (40 wt%) permissible for scaffold shaping. Consequently, we examined the influence of several factors (nozzle diameter, air pressure, and printing rate) on the surface morphology of the scaffolds and determined the ideal conditions to attain scaffolds with superior printing accuracy. The findings demonstrate excellent controllability, repeatability, and precision of the entire printing process. Finally, we evaluated the scaffolds that most effectively fulfilled the requirements for bone regeneration by examining their surface morphology and mechanical characteristics. The experimental findings indicate that nHA-PEGDA scaffolds fulfil the compressive strength requirements for bone tissue and possess promising applications in bone regeneration. This study demonstrates that the nHA-PEGDA bioink possesses significant potential as a scaffold material for bone tissue regeneration, exhibiting exceptional shape integrity and mechanical capabilities. The study found the optimal parameters for bio-3D printers and gave UV-DIW an exact data reference for making the nHA-PEGDA scaffold. In addition, it is a useful guide for 3D printing biomaterial scaffolds.