bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of integrated BWM Fuzzy-MARCOS approach for coating material selection in tooling industries
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Maity Saikat Ranjan , Patnaik Lokeswar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The life of metal forming dies, and the efficiency of tooling industries depends on the mechanical and wear properties of tool steel. These properties can be further improved by depositing the ceramic coating on heat-treated tool steel. There are many coating materials available with numerous excellent properties. But problem is how to select the best coating material. Compared to various studies related to material selection problems in the contrasting area of utilization, remarkably, few research work is done in tooling industries. In the present work, we have identified eight coating materials (alternatives) and nine evaluation criteria under the consultation of an expert in the tooling application and tribological field. To deal with this coating material selection problem, an integrated fuzzy-MADM method is proposed comprising BWM and fuzzy-MARCOS. This integrated fuzzy-MADM method is used to evaluate the alternative, and the obtained results are scrutinized under extensive use of sensitivity analysis. In the first phase of analysis, seven scenarios of criteria weight change are used, which is derived by the BWM method; dynamic matrices are used in the second phase of analysis. In the third and fourth phases, obtained ranks are compared with those obtained by different weight calculation methods and ranking methods, respectively. All the phases have similar results, i.e., AlCrN/TiAlN coating (alternative Cm5) is the best coating material. What is more, the proposed method has been used to solve the published results of coating material selection. To evaluate its reliability and robustness, a four phases comparative sensitivity analysis was performed.
Forecasting tropical ENSO-induced drought conditions using sea surface height in the Western Pacific
Authors: David Carlos Primo , Custado Manuel Justin , Sekhon Natasha , Ibarra Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The interannual variability of rainfall caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) results in significant changes in hydrologic conditions that affect entire countries’ water supply. Forecasting ENSO and its impacts are mainly based on Central Pacific Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies which satisfactorily correlates with timing and, to a lesser extent, the intensity of drought conditions in the Philippines and the rest of the Western Pacific during the El Niño phase. Changes in sea surface height (SSH) are also brought upon by ENSO through density changes with temperature and oceanographic processes. Here, we report that the associative nature of SSH and drought as measured by surface runoff, has a stronger correlation (r > 0.693, p < 0.05) in terms of the expected timing, with 1 to 3 months lag time, and intensity compared to using traditional ENSO SST indices from the Central Pacific. Furthermore, since SSH is co-located with its corresponding forecasted decrease in runoff, a localized prediction can be made which further increases the accuracy of this predictive tool. In the wake of a changing climate, this work demonstrates the possibility of statistically forecasting the timing of precipitation, and thus the volume of surface water availability, using local SSH as an indicator. A tool which is necessary for time-sensitive management decision making in drought-prone tropical regions.
Prevalence, Causes and associated factors for Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) at St. Joseph referral hospital Peramiho-Songea, Tanzania; A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study.
Authors: Mvandal Samson Peter , Coletha Kindimba 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is increasing globally that is from 6.5% in 2000 to 11% in 2016. But there are regional variations where there is decrease of PPH in some parts of Asia and increase in Africa and developed countries.
Objectives

The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, causes and associated factors for postpartum haemorrhage at St. Joseph referral hospital in Peramiho- Songea from November 2017 to December 2019.
Method

The retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based study was used and data was obtained from maternity hospital registry book/data base of St. Joseph mission hospital in Peramiho Songea, from November 2017 to November 2019. Descriptive data was analysed by tables and graphs.
Results

The prevalence of PPH in Peramiho referral hospital was 1.3% in 2017, 1.26% in 2018 and 1.4% in 2019. The overage prevalence for the three years is 1.3%. However, 73.3% of total prevalence is from home deliveries in rural areas. The main cause of PPH in the hospital was uterus atony (42%), retained placenta (15.5%), 3rd and 4th grade tears (11.2%), uterine rupture (8.1%) and coagulopathy (5.6%). The main attributing factors were age > 35years (34%), other antenatal pregnancy complication (27%), previous PPH (18.6%), Antenatal anaemia (16%), placenta previa, Eclampsia, preeclampsia (12%) each.
Conclusion

The prevalence of PPH from this study is slightly high with the main cause being uterine atony and affected mainly those undergone SVD where about two quarter were home deliveries. However further research studies are needed to investigate the main reason for higher home deliveries in Peramiho residence and nearby area.
On the occurrence of jahnsite/whiteite phases on Mars: A thermodynamic study
Authors: Drouet Christophe , Loche Matteo , Fabre Sébastien , Meslin Pierre-Yves 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Jahnsites/whiteites are a large family of phosphate hydrate minerals of relevance to terrestrial and martian mineralogy. It was recently hypothesized as being present in Gale Crater sediments from XRD analyses performed by the CheMin analyzer aboard the Curiosity rover. However, the conditions of formation and thermodynamic properties of these compounds are essentially unknown. In this work, we have optimized the ThermAP predictive thermodynamic approach to the analysis of these phases, allowing us to estimate for the first time the standard formation enthalpy (ΔHfo), Gibbs free energy (ΔGfo), and entropy (S°) of 15 jahnsite/whiteite end-member compositions, as well as of related phases such as segelerite and alluaudites. These estimations were then used to feed speciation/phase diagram calculation tools to evaluate the relative ease of formation and stability of these hydrated minerals, including considering present martian conditions. Selected laboratory experiments confirmed calculation outcomes. All of our data suggest that the formation of jahnsites is an unlikely process, and point instead to the formation of other simpler phosphate compounds. The stability domain, as calculated here, also raises serious questions about the possible presence of jahnsites on Mars as in Gale Crater, which appears rather improbable.
Comparison between two generalized Nash models with a same non-zero initial condition
Authors: Yan Baowei , Liu Yu , Li Zhengkun , Jiang Huining 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Initial condition can impact the forecast precision especially in a real-time forecasting stage. The discrete linear cascade model (DLCM) and the generalized Nash model (GNM), though expressed in different ways, are both the generalization of the Nash cascade model considering the initial condition. This paper investigates the relationship and difference between DLCM and GNM both mathematically and experimentally. Mathematically, the main difference lies in the way to estimate the initial storage state. In the DLCM, the initial state is estimated and not unique, while that in the GNM is observed and unique. Hence, the GNM is the exact solution of the Nash cascade model, while the DLCM is an approximate solution and it can be transformed to the GNM when the initial storage state is calculated by the approach suggested in the GNM. As a discrete solution, the DLCM can be directly applied to the practical discrete streamflow data system. However, the numerical calculation approach such as the finite difference method is often used to make the GNM practically applicable. Finally, a test example obtained by the solution of the Saint-Venant equations is used to illustrate this difference. The results show that the GNM provides a unique solution while the DLCM has multiple solutions, whose forecast precision depends upon the estimate accuracy of the current state.
Experimental analysis of infiltration process and hydraulic properties in soil and rock profile in the Taihang Mountains, North China
Authors: Cao Jiansheng , Yang Hui , Zhao Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this research, an experiment was conducted in the Taihang Mountains in China with a self-designed automatic soil and rock water infiltration monitoring system and a time domain reflectometry (TDR) device to analyze the infiltration process of disturbed soil and rock profile under constant head, unsaturated seepage properties and permeability coefficient of discontinuous rock masses. It was found that the infiltration process curve has an obvious fluctuation in the late stage of unsaturated seepage (after 18:00 p.m. on March 20th) which not only reflects the temporal variation of infiltration rate, but the spatial variation of rock structure. The lateral soil water of soil and rock dual-texture mainly flows in the interface of soil and rock. The infiltration rate of soil water can be as high as 2.42 × 10−4 cm/s, accounting for about 20% of the stable infiltration rate. After the water infiltrated in the lower rock layers, the water was mainly stored and flowed in the fissure network in the rocks, but did not completely fill the whole fissure network. Firstly, the local priority channel is adopted to infiltrate. With the increasing of rock saturation, the local priority channel will also expand and finally extend to the whole fissure network. The permeability coefficient of the soil and rock dual-texture in the study area is 1.26 × 10−3 cm/s.
Coupled effect of seawater intrusion on groundwater quality: study of South-West zone of Surat city
Authors: Chaudhari Ankit N. , Mehta Darshan J. , Sharma Neeraj D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Groundwater quality is a major problem for humanity since it is closely related to human health. The flow of seawater into freshwater aquifers is known as saltwater intrusion, and it can lead to groundwater quality contamination, including drinking water. Due to the extremely severe hydraulic interface between groundwater and seawater, saltwater intrusion can happen naturally in coastal aquifers. The aim of the study is to examine the status of seawater intrusion within the study region of the South-West zone of Surat city, Gujarat. The present study evaluates Groundwater Quality Index using a weighted arithmetic method including various chemical ions. The South-West zone of Surat city is located along the coast; seawater infiltration has a significant impact on the groundwater in the state. The conceptual model will be developed and analyzed using MODFLOW to analyze the effects of seawater intrusion analysis. The model domain is characterized by three hydro-stratographic layers and covers an area of approximately 110 km2 in a 400 m × 400 m grid size. An analytical study with MODFLOW would be carried out for three-dimensional groundwater flows with species of solute transport. This study would help profile the study area regarding groundwater quality.
The rainwater retention mechanisms in extensive green roofs with ten different structural configurations
Authors: Wang Jun , Garg Ankit , Huang Shan , Mei Guoxiong , Liu Jiaqin , Zhang Kexin , Gan Lin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rainfall infiltration, rainwater retention, runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) are important components of the water balance in green roofs. These components are expected to be influenced by variations in the structural configurations (i.e., substrate layers) of green roofs. This study explores the influence of layered soil and green roof configurations on the rainwater retention capacity (RRC) of the roofs as compared to conventional improvements (i.e., soil conditioning and enhanced substrate depth). Ten different extensive green roof modules were designed by varying the substrate materials, substrate depths, storage/drainage layers and vegetation layers. For all modules, the RRCs ranged from 34 to 59%. The RRCs of layered soil were 1–4% higher than that for single-layer soil. The RRC increased by 13% in the presence of a water storage module. It can be concluded that highest RRC corresponds to a combination of high-permeability soil in the upper layer along with a relatively large water holding capacity in the deep layer. Water storage layer and layered soil could significantly delay the water stress in vegetation. The importance of wick irrigation, vegetation types, back-to-back rain events and the ET rate on the RRC were also discussed.
Different Sides of Depression in the Elderly: An In-depth View on the Role of Aβ Peptides
Authors: Pagni Giovanni , Tagliarini Claudia , Carbone Manuel Glauco , Imbimbo Bruno Pietro , Marazziti Donatella , Pomara Nunzio 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Late-onset depression (LOD) is the most common neuropsychiatric
disorder associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), often associated with structural and functional
brain changes, neuropsychological impairments and negative family history for affective
disorders. LOD could be a risk factor or a prodromal phase of AD; this has led to the investigation
of the link between depression and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides by measuring Aβ levels in
plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brains of elderly depressed subjects.

Objective:
This study aims to clarify the complex relationship between depression, Aβ
peptides and AD.

Method:
We evaluated all articles published up to 2019 in PubMed in which Aβ was
measured in serum (or plasma), CSF or brain in elderly with Major Depressive Disorder
or depressive symptoms evaluated with standard scales.

Results:
Low plasma Aβ42 levels are strongly associated with depression severity. Plasma
Aβ40 levels are higher in younger depressed, drug-resistant and those with more severe
symptoms. CSF Aβ42 levels are lower in depressed than controls. PET-detected global
and region-specific increases in Aβ deposition are sometimes associated with LOD,
cognitive impairment, anxiety but not with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)/CVD risk
factors. Elderly depressed with CVDs/CVD risk factors have more frequently high plasma
Aβ40 levels and drug-resistance; those without these co-morbidities have low plasma
Aβ42 levels and greater cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:
Two specific Aβ profiles emerge in the depressed elderly. One is associated
with Aβ42 reductions in plasma and CSF, possibly reflecting increased brain amyloid
deposition and prodromal AD. The other one is characterized by high plasma Aβ40 levels,
cerebrovascular disease and is clinically associated with increased AD risk.
Difference of MreBCD Complex Interactome in Salmonella Typhimurium
ST19 and ST213 Genotypes on Pathogenesis and Stress Response Pathways
Authors: Zepeda-Gurrola Reyna C. , Vázquez-Marrufo Gerardo , Guo Xianwu , Rodríguez-Luna Isabel C. , Sánchez-Varela Alejandro , Vázquez-Garcidueñas Ma. Soledad 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Salmonella enterica is the etiological agent of salmonellosis, with a high
infection rate worldwide in Mexico, ST213 genotype of S. enterica ser. Typhimurium is displacing
the ancestral ST19 genotype. Bacterial cytoskeleton protein complex MreBCD plays an important
role in S. enterica pathogenesis, but underlying mechanisms are unknown.

Results:
In this study, 106 interactions among MreBCD and 15 proteins from S. Typhimurium
Pathogenicity Islands 1 (SP-I) and 2 (SP-2) involved in both bacterial virulence and stress response
were predicted in ST213 and ST19 genotypes, of which 12 interactions were confirmed in vitro. In
addition, gene cluster analysis in 100 S. Typhimurium genomes was performed for these genes.

Results and Conclusion:
The in silico and in vitro results showed a novel MreBCD interactome involved
in regulating pathogenesis and stress response through interactions with virulence factors located
at SPI-1 and SPI-2. Furthermore, both pseudogene presence and sequence variations in four
tested proteins between genotypes resulted in differential interaction patterns involved in Salmonella
motility and survival in eukaryotic cells, which could explain the replacement of ST19 by
ST213 in Mexico.
Characterization, ACE Inhibitory and Antioxidative Properties of Peptide
Fractions Obtained from White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Latorres Juliana , Wasielesky Wilson , Prentice Carlos 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Aquatic organisms are considered to be an important source of bioactive
peptides with a high antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity. Therefore, the objective of this
study was to hydrolyse peptide fractions from white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle by Alcalase
and Protamex and to evaluate the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and the
antioxidant activities.

Methods:
Protein hydrolysates of White shrimp were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase
and Protamex until the degree of hydrolysis reached 10% and 20%. Peptide fractions were
obtained from White shrimp protein hydrolysates by ultrafiltration using membranes with sizes of
10 and 3 kDa. The antioxidant activity was evaluated for the three peptide fractions (F1: >10 kDa,
F2: 3-10 kDa and F3: <3 kDa). To measure the antihypertensive activity, fractions with molecular
sizes of less than 3 kDa were used.

Results:
The fractions obtained with Alcalase showed greater inhibitory effects on the ACE. In general,
the molecular weight of the fractions influenced the antioxidant activity, with fractions smaller
than 3 kDa having a high capacity for sequestering the DPPH radical, while peptide fractions
with a size greater than 10 kDa presented higher reducing power. However, in capturing the ABTS
radical, a high antioxidant capacity was observed for both fractions.

Conclusion:
The results suggest white shrimp would be an attractive raw material for the manufacture
of antioxidant and anti-hypertensive nutraceutical ingredients.
Viability of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier System in Overcoming the
Barriers Associated with Chemotherapeutic Delivery
Authors: Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar , Kumar Manish 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Delivery of anti-cancer agents is challenging due to some inherent problems
associated with them like instability, low solubility, non-specificity, variable pharmacokinetics, narrow
therapeutic window, multi-drug resistance development, and other physiological barrier related
to tumor cells. In recent years, Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) has gained considerable importance
in improving anti-cancer agents' therapeutic efficacy.

Objective:
The present review furnishes a comprehensive account of various barriers encountered in
delivering the anti-cancer agent, the suitability of NLC to deliver anti-cancer agent, the techniques
employed for the fabrication of NLC, its structure, along with its characterization. The main emphasis
has given a break worth to overcome barriers in delivering chemotherapeutic through NLC so far;
a number of qualitative literature have been included in this review. Further, the study describes the
stability issue associated with the long-term storage of NLC.

Conclusion:
The NLCs systems offer a great potential to target various anti-cancer agents suffering
from low solubility, non-specificity, and severe adverse effects. The NLC system's development can
overcome barriers encountered in delivering anti-cancer agents and improve its efficacy in various
melanoma types.
Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae as Two Emerging
Risk Factors in Atherosclerosis: Meta-Analysis Study and Systematic
Review
Authors: Jalili Mahsa , Nourmohammadi Hassan , Sayehmiri Kourosh 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Previous studies suggested an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae
and Mycoplasma pneumonia with atherosclerosis, separately. Until now, according to inconsistent
information, the relationship between C.pneumoniae and M.pneumoniae with atherosclerosis is controversial.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between C.pneumoniae and
M.pneumoniae as two separate risk factors with atherosclerosis through systematic review and metaanalysis
study.

Methods:
We searched databases, such as Pubmed, SID, Magiran, Google scholar and Iranmedex,
using the following keywords in English and Persian language: C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, and
atherosclerosis. Data were analyzed with meta-analysis and a random effect model. Also, in this study,
heterogeneity of articles was estimated by using the I2 index. Finally, the data were analyzed with
STAT (version 11.2).

Results:
Among thirty-eight articles for C. pneumoniae and five articles for M. pneumoniae individually
reviewed that included 2980 samples for M. pneumoniae and 23298 samples for C. pneumoniae,
the result demonstrated that the association between M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae with atherosclerosis
is significant with OR (odds ratio) = 1.58 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00 to 2.50), OR
(odds ratio) = 2.25 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.91 to 2.64), respectively.

Conclusion:
This systematic review study provides strong evidence for the role of persistent bacterial
infections, such as M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae, in potential atherosclerosis. Thus, a novel way
should be employed for the complete management of bacterial infection.
Serum Vitamin A Levels as a Novel Predictor for Respiratory Distress Syndrome
in Neonates: Is It Beneficial?
Authors: Elfarargy Mohamed Shawky , Abu-Risha Sally , Al-Ashmawy Ghada , Khattab Haidy 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a dangerous disease in
neonates and is accompanied by neonatal complications and death.

Objective:
The aim of this study was the early determination of neonatal serum vitamin A levels as
a possible novel predictor for neonatal RDS.

Patients and Methods:
A case-control study with the identification number TCTR20210206001,
was performed on 100 neonates who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of
Tanta University Hospital (TUH) suffering from RDS (patient group) and 100 healthy neonates
(control group). Estimation of serum vitamin A (retinol) was made for all neonates of this study
within the first four hours after birth before any nutrition or therapies.

Results:
Showed The results showed no significant difference between serums retinol (RT) levels in grade
1 & 2 RDS neonates (patient group) and the serum RT levels in the control group, while there was
a significant difference between serums retinol levels in grade 3 & 4 RDS neonates (patient group)
and the serum retinol levels in the control group where the P-value was 0.006 and 0.002 respectively.no significant difference between serums retinol (RT) levels in grade 1&2 RDS neonates (patient group) and the serum RT levels in the control group while there was significant difference between serums retinol levels in grade 3&4 RDS neonates (patient group) and the serum retinol levels in the control group where the P-value was 0.006, 0.002 respectively.

Conclusion:
Serum vitamin A levels in neonates were found to be decreased in RDS neonates and
could be used as a predictor for the development and severity of RDS. Recommendation: It is recommended
to carry out routine estimation of serum vitamin A levels in neonates as a novel predictor
for neonatal RDS.