bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of CPV vaccine strain NL-35-D and evaluation of induced neutralizing antibody against virulent wild-type CPV and FPV Shanghai isolates
Authors: Yi Jianzhong , Liu＃ Chengqian , Li Hong , Gao Jun , Liang Hongyu , Liu Huili , Sun Fengping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Canine parvovirus (CPV) emerged in 1970s as a new causative disease of dogs worldwide. The virus was shown to be closely related, genetically and antigenically, to feline parvovirus (FPV) and to FPV-like parvoviruses from which were presumably originated by host species shift and subsequent rapid adaptation. CPV is the most important viral cause of enteritis and death in puppies, and vaccination is the most important and effective measure to prevent CPV infection. The live attenuated vaccine strain NL-35-D is widely used as a commercial vaccine in China and other countries, but its genome sequence has not been reported so far.
Results

We reported a near full length sequence of NL-35-D vaccine strain (Genbank: MW650831), and identified a CPV-SH2001 (Genbank: MW650830) and a FPV-SH2001 (Genbank: MW650831) isolates from the fecal samples of stray dogs and cats in Shanghai, respectively. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that the CPV and FPV isolates could be proliferated by F81 cells. we sequenced the full length genome of NL-35-D virus strain, phylogenetic analysis of full-length genome and VP2 gene in comparison with the CPV and FPV strains isolated worldwide. According to the genetic analysis of VP2 gene, the CPV-SH2001 and FPV-SH2001 isolates were clustering far from the NL-35-D. However, the results demonstrated that NL-35-D vaccine strain still shares part of neutralizing epitopes with CPV and FPV isolates. The neutralizing antibody serum test also suggested vaccine strain NL-35-D is still effective against the present field isolated CPV and FPV strains. Therefore, these shared antigenic epitopes may be critical to the immune efficacy of the vaccine and deserve further testing and validation.
Conclusions

Our results revealed that pups inoculated with CPV vaccine had significantly high neutralizing antibody titers against CPV and FPV virus strains. Pups vaccinated with CPV possess antibodies against heterologous viruses, the antibodies probably at levels still can provide complete or partial immunity in young pups.
Experimental reef communities persist under future ocean acidification and warming
Authors: Jury Christopher , Bahr Keisha , Barba Evan , Brainard Russell , Cros Annick , Dobson Kerri , Graham Andrew , McLachlan Rowan , Nelson Craig , Price James , de Souza Mariana Rocha , Shizuru Leah , Smith Celia , Sparagon Wesley , Squair Cheryl , Timmers Molly , Tran Tiana , Vicente Jan , Webb Maryann , Yamase Nicole , Grottoli Andrea , Toonen Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Coral reefs are among the most sensitive ecosystems affected by ocean acidification and warming, and are predicted to shift from net accreting calcifier-dominated systems to net eroding algal-dominated systems over the coming decades. Here we present a long-term experimental study examining the responses of entire mesocosm coral reef communities to acidification (-0.2 pH units), warming (+ 2°C), and combined future ocean (-0.2 pH, + 2°C) treatments. We show that under future ocean conditions, net calcification rates declined yet remained positive, corals showed reduced abundance yet were not extirpated, and community composition shifted while species richness was maintained. Our results suggest that under Paris Climate Agreement targets, coral reefs could persist in an altered functional state rather than collapse.
Determining Extracellular Vesicles Properties and miRNA Cargo Variability in Bovine Milk from Healthy Cows and Cows Undergoing Subclinical Mastitis
Authors: Saenz-de-Juano Maria dels Desemparats , Silvestrelli Giulia , Bauersachs Stefan , Ulbrich Susanne 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Subclinical mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland lacking clinical symptoms, is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases in dairy farming worldwide. Milk microRNAs (miRNAs) encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of different mammary gland conditions, including subclinical mastitis. However, little is known about the robustness of EVs analysis regarding sampling time-point or natural infections. To estimate the reliability of EVs measurements in raw bovine milk, we first evaluated changes in EVs size and concentration using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) during three consecutive days. Then, we analysed daily differences in miRNA cargo using small RNA-seq. Finally, we compared milk EVs differences from naturally infected udder quarters with their healthy adjacent quarters and quarters from uninfected udders.Results: We found that the milk EV miRNA cargo is very stable over the course of three days regardless of the health status of the quarter, and that infected quarters do not induce relevant changes in milk EVs of adjacent healthy quarters. Chronic subclinical mastitis induced changes in milk EV miRNA cargo, but neither in EVs size nor concentration. We observed that the changes in immunoregulatory miRNAs in quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis are cow-individual, however, the most upregulated miRNA was bta-miR-223-3p across all individuals.Conclusions: Our results showed that the miRNA profile and particle size characteristics remained constant throughout consecutive days, suggesting that miRNAs packed in EVs are physiological state-specific. In addition, since infected quarters are solely affected while adjacent healthy quarters remain unaffected. Finally, the cow-individual miRNA changes pointed towards infection-specific alterations.
Induction of Estrogen Receptor β-mediated Autophagy Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to TAD1822-7, a Novel Biphenyl Urea Taspine Derivative
Authors: Su Qi , Wu Qing , Chen Kun , Wang Jingjing , Sarwar Ammar , Zhang Yanmin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Female breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. As a tumor suppressor, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is a potential target for breast cancer therapy. TAD1822-7 was evaluated for ERβ-mediated autophagy and cell death using cell proliferation assay, Annexin V/PI staining, immunofluorescence, western blotting and hypoxia cell models. TAD1822-7 upregulated ERβ causing cell death and induced mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy companied with mitochondrial located ERβ. Enhanced levels of LC3-II and p62 indicated that TAD1822-7 blocked the late-stage autolysosome formation, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, TAD1822-7-induced cell death was mediated by PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Moreover, TAD1822-7 modulated HIF functions and autophagy via the inhibition of HIF-1β in the context of hypoxia-induced autophagy. TAD1822-7 inhibited hypoxia-inducted autophagy and PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of TAD1822-7 via ERβ-mediated pathways in breast cancer cells.
Evaluating Evapotranspiration By Using Data Mining Instead of The Physical Based Model In Remote Sensing
Authors: Neissi Lamya , Golabi Mona , Albaji Mohammad , Naseri Abd Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Precise calculations for plant water requirements and evapotranspiration is very crucial in determining the volume of water consumption for plant production. In order to estimate evapotranspiration in the extended area, different remote sensing algorithms required many climatological variables. Climatological variable measurements will cover small limited areas which can cause an error in extended areas. By using data mining and remote sensing, the evapotranspiration process can be modeled. In this research, the physical-based SEBAL evapotranspiration algorithm was modeled by M5 decision tree equations in GIS. Input variables of the M5 decision tree consisted of albedo, emissivity, and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) which are represented as absorbed light, transformed light, and plant moisture, respectively. After extracting the best equations in the M5 decision tree model for 8 April 2019, these equations were modeled in GIS by using python scripts for 8 April 2019 and 3 April 2020. The calculated correlation coefficient (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) for 8 April 2019 were 0.92, 0.54, and 0.42 and for 3 April 2020 were 0.95, 0.31, and 0.23, respectively. Also, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis were considered for more model evaluation. Those analysis revealed that evapotranspiration is sensitive to albedo more than the two other model inputs and the estimated evapotranspiration obtained by data mining is in acceptable range of certainty.
Shenzhuo Formula Treatment in Patients With Macroalbuminuria Secondary to Diabetic Kidney Disease: Protocol Update and Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: Yu-Wei  , Zhang Ying , Li Yanbo , Yang Ze , Wang Xinmiao , Huang Yi-Shan , Zhao Lin-Hua , Tong Xiaolin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD), as one of the significant complications of diabetes, has been the focus of attention. Our previous retrospective study indicated that Shenzhou Formula (SZF) might reduce the macroalbuminuria secondary to the DKD.Methods and designThis trial is a 24-week, randomized, multicentric, double-blinded, double-dummy clinical trial. 120 DKD patients (60 in each group) will be randomly divided randomized into two groups: SZF+ Irbesartan Simulator or Irbesartan + SZF Simulator. 24-h UP is the primary outcome measure is. The secondary outcome measures include Serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion rate, improvement in TCM symptoms, FBG, 2-h postprandial plasma glucose, HbA1C, Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, blood pressure, albumin to creatinine ratio, and the audit of diabetes-dependent quality of life 19 . Our recruitment began in May 2015, and we have enrolled 100 participants in this ongoing study, with a designed maximum sample size of 120. The interim results have been reviewed at N = 60 and continuing recruitment was recommended. This statistical analysis plan includes our approach to impute missing data, analysis primary, secondary outcomes, and safety endpoints.ConclusionThis SAP will standardize the clinical trial's statistical analysis, avoid outcome selective reporting bias and data-driven analysis. This trial will provide further clinical evidence for SZF treatment of macroalbuminuria secondary to DKD.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ID: ChiCTR-ICR-15006311, registered on 26 May 2013. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=10862
Impact of COVID-19 on head and neck cancer advancement measured by the increasing numbers of acute dyspnea cases. What can be improved for the future?
Authors: Rosiak Oskar , Pietruszewska Wioletta , Burduk Paweł , Podlawska Paulina , Zakrzewski Bartosz , Barańska Magda , Kowalczyk Magdalena , Piątkowski Jakub , Solarz Paweł , Staszak Marta , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Mikaszewski Bogusław 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered all aspects of how the healthcare system is organized, and impacted patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), who delayed diagnosis and treatment. The result was the increased admission of patients with severe dyspnea and a need for tracheotomy due to extremely advanced HNC. The aim of this study was evaluate the characteristics of two multi-center cohorts of HNC patients admitted for dyspnea. Methods.. The therapeutic activity of four University Departments of Otolaryngology was studied over two time periods: September-February 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. Results. A group of 136 HNC patients who underwent tracheotomy in two time cohorts, pre-COVID-19 (N = 59) and COVID-19 (N = 77), were analyzed. The mean tracheotomy incidence proportion was 1.82% (SD: 1.12) for the pre-COVID-19 and 3.79% (SD: 2.76) for the COVID-19 period. A rise in emergency dyspnea was observed in the COVID-19 cohort. In the pre-COVID-19 period, 66% of patients presented with symptoms for more than a month in comparison to 78% of patients in COVID-19 times (p = 0.04). The number of tracheotomies performed under general anesthesia dropped in favor of local anesthesia during COVID-19 (64% vs. 56% respectively) due to extremely advanced HNC. In the COVID-19 cohort, most patients received a telemedicine consultation (N = 55, 71%) compared to the pre-COVID-19 period (N = 14, 24%). Conclusions. There should be a reorganization of the referral system, an adjustment of treatment capacity for an increased number of HNC patients, and a reserve for more extensive resection and reconstruction surgeries in ENT departments to not hamper future HNC treatment if there is another pandemic wave.
Age At Menarche, Age At Menopause, Reproductive Years and Risk of Fatal Stroke Occurrence Among Chinese Women: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Zhi-bing , Lu Ze-xiong , Zhu Feng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The relationship between women’s reproductive characteristics and stroke events is unclear. We aimed to investigate age at menarche, age at menopause and number of reproductive years in relation to fatal stroke occurrence in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.
Methods
In total, 16504 postmenopausal women without stroke, heart disease or a cancer history at baseline were included and followed up for a median of 12.0 years. After review of available records, 222 stroke deaths were recorded. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the associations between the risk of fatal stroke occurrence and age at menarche, age at menopause and number of reproductive years.
Results
In the whole cohort, compared with those aged 15 years at menarche, women aged 17 years at menarche had an increased risk for fatal stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–3.05) and fatal haemorrhagic stroke (HR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.14–6.18), and women aged ≥ 18 years at menarche had an increased risk for fatal stroke (HR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.03–2.70) and fatal ischaemic stroke (HR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.01–3.99). Among postmenopausal women born before 1940, women aged < 43 years at menopause had an increased risk for fatal stroke (HR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.05–3.69) compared with those aged 51–52 years at menopause. Additionally, in the whole cohort, women with ≤ 28 reproductive years had an increased risk for fatal stroke (HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.28–2.86) and fatal ischaemic stroke (HR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.26–4.05) compared with those with 32–34 reproductive years; postmenopausal women born before 1940 had a similar risk for fatal stroke and fatal ischaemic stroke.
Conclusions
Older age at menarche, younger age at menopause and fewer reproductive ages were related to an increased risk of fatal stroke in postmenopausal women.
Resistance Fracture of Minimally Prepared Endocrowns Made By Three Types of Restorative Materials: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Meng Qingzhen , Zhang Yuejiao , Chi Danlu , Gong Qimei , Tong Zhongchun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A thin endocrown restoration was often applied in endodontically treated teeth with vertical bite height loss or inadequate clinical crown length. A model of mandibular molars made by endocrown restoration with 1 mm thickness and 2 mm depth of pulp chamber was constructed and imported into FEA ANSYS v18.0 software. The three CAD/CAM materials, feldspathic (Mark2), lithium disilicate (EMAX) and lava ultimate (LU), were assigned, and the five load indenters were loaded on the full occlusal (FO), occlusal center (OC), central fossa (CF), buccal groove (BG) and mesiobuccal cusp (MC) of restoration in the model. The MinPS and MaxPS of the thin endocrown were significantly higher than those of tooth tissue in five types of loads except for the LU endocrown loaded in the FO group. The smaller the contact surface of the load was, the higher MaxPS and MinPS were. MaxPS and MinPS of the MC were the highest, followed by the BG and CF in the restoration. In the stress distribution of tooth tissue, MaxPS in the LU endocrown accumulated at the external edge of enamel and was significantly higher than MaxPS in Mark2 and EMAX endocrown concentrated on the chamber wall of dentin under OC, CF and BG loads. Within the limitations of this FEA study, the LU endocrown transferred more stress to tooth tissue than Mark2 and EMAX, and the maximum principal stress on endocrown restoration and tooth tissue at the mesiobuccal cusp load was higher than that at the central fossa and buccal groove load.
Fibrivirga Algicola Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., An Algicidal Bacterium Isolated from a Freshwater River
Authors: Park Sanghwa , Cho JaYoung , Jung Dong-Hyun , Jang SeokWon , Eom JungHye , Nam SeungWon , Kwon DaeRyul , Ryu Jaewon , Kim Keugtae 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An aerobic, gram-negative, pink-colored, non-motile, rod-shaped algicidal bacterium, designated JA-25T was isolated from the freshwater of the Geumgang River, Republic of Korea. It grew at 15–30°C, 6.0–9.0 pH, and in the presence of 0–1% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JA-25T belongs to the Family ‘Spirosomaceae’ and is most closely related to Fibrella aestuarina BUZ 2T (93.6%). The strain JA-25T showed < 90% sequence similarity to other members of the Family ‘Spirosomaceae’. The average nucleotide identity(ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and the average amino acid identity(AAI) values based on the genomic sequences of JA-25T and F. aestuarina BUZ 2T were 74.4, 20.5 and 73.6 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G + C content was 52.5mol %. The major cellular fatty acids were Summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c), C16:1 ω5c, C16:0 (> 10%). The genomic DNA G + C content was 52.5 mol %. The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two phospholipids and five unidentified lipids. Considering the phylogenetic inference, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain JA-25T should be classified as a novel species of the novel genus Fibrivirga, with the proposed name Fibrivirga algicola sp. nov. The type strain is JA-25T (= KCCM 43334T = NBRC 114259T).
Stimulation of c-Kit+ Retinal Progenitor Cells by Stem Cell Factor Confers Protection Against Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Shanshan , Liu Xiaoli , Zhao Jingjie , Yang Xiufen , You Ran , Wang Yanling 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
c-Kit/CD117, expressed in a series of tissue-specific progenitor cells, plays an important role in tissue regeneration and tissue homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that organoid-derived c-Kit+ retinal progenitor cells can facilitate the restoration of degenerated retina. Meanwhile, we have identified a population of endogenous c-Kit+ cells in retinas of adult mouse. However, the exact role of these cells in retinal degeneration remains unclear.
Methods
Retinal degeneration was induced by intravitreal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Two days post NMDA challenge, intravitreal injection of stem cell factor (SCF) was performed. Distribution and abundance of c-Kit+ cells and other retinal cells were evaluated by immunochemistry. Retinal function of treated mice was tested via flash electroretinogram (fERG) and the light/dark transition test. Possible regulatory pathways were evaluated by RNA sequencing.
Results
NMDA challenge increased the total number of c-Kit+ cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), while slightly deregulated the protein level of SCF, which is mainly expressed in Müller cells. Both fERG and light/dark transition tests showed that intravitreal injection of SCF effectively improve the visual function of NMDA-treated mice. Consistently, the activation of microglia in injured retina has also been inhibited after SCF treatment. Mechanistically, SCF administration not only prevent the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), but also maintained the function of RGCs as quantified by fERG. Further, we performed transcriptome sequencing analysis of the retinal cells isolated from SCF-treated mice and the parallel control. Gene Ontology analysis showed that SCF-induced transcriptome changes were closely correlated with eye development-related pathways. Crystallins and several protective factors such as Pitx3 were significantly upregulated by SCF treatment.
Conclusions
Our results revealed the role of c-Kit+ cells in the protection of RGCs in NMDA-treated mice, via inhibiting the loss of RGCs. Administration of SCF can act as a potent strategy for treating retinal degeneration-related diseases.
Vinasse: From A Residue To A High Added Value Biopolymer
Authors: Trapé Daiana , López Olivia V. , Villar Marcelo A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to study the feasibility to use vinasse for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by Bacillus megaterium. To optimize the culture medium, a Box Behnken design was employed considering carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (Ph) concentrations as independent variables and PHB productivity as the response variable. The productivity decreased when C or N were increased, probably due to the presence of phenolic compounds and the limitation of N for the production of PHB by Bacillus sp. bacteria. An additional experimental design to optimize the C/N ratio and growing conditions (fermentation time and temperature) was carried out. Fermentation time had a statistically significant effect on PHB productivity reaching 10.6 mg/L h. On the other hand, the variability in physicochemical properties of vinasse samples led to significant differences in PHB productivity. Lower productivity values were obtained when vinasse had DBO high values. Therefore, biopolymers production from vinasse is a feasible alternative to valorize this bioethanol by-product.
Ultra-High-Resolution CT Features of Pulmonary Nodules Correlate with Visceral Pleural Invasion in Early Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Lu , Li Huimin , Pan Jiangfeng , Chen Zhenwei , Chen Xiaorong , Shu Jiner , Pang Peipei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Backgroundvisceral pleural invasion (VPI) is an important prognostic factor in early stage lung adenocarcinoma, which can affect the TNM Classification of Tumors.PurposeTo investigate whether ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) features can predict VPI of early stage pulmonary nodules contacting the interlobar pleura.Material and MethodsA total of 126 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (age, 24-77 years) confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively enrolled. All patients underwent U-HRCT scan and were divided into two groups according to pulmonary nodular type: pure (pGGN) and mixed (mGGN). Clinical features were recorded, and U-HRCT features were manually measured using PHILIPS EBW V4.5.5. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine factors that can significantly predict VPI. ResultsU-HRCT and three-dimensional orthogonal post-processing method could better display the relationship between GGNs and interlobar fissures. Among all patients, fifteen patients (12%) had VPI. None of the patients with pGGN had VPI. In the mGGN group, the solid ratio (odds ratio [OR]=1.275, 95% CI 1.1-1.478; P=0.001) and solid diameter (OR=1.139, 95% CI 1.06-2.346; P=0.046) were independent risk factors for VPI in early stage lung adenocarcinoma. For VPI diagnosis, the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the solid ratio and solid diameter were 0.803, 80%, and 75% and 0.807, 80%, and 80.36%, respectively.ConclusionU-HRCT can display GGNs and interlobar fissures in detail. VPI was not detected in patients with pGGN. In patients with mGGNs, a solid diameter >6mm and solid ratio >38% can be independent predictors of VPI, which may be helpful in surgical decision-making.