bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We Can’t Just Wrap Ourselves in the Flag:” Labour Nationalism, Global Solidarity, and the 2016 Fight to Save gm Oshawa
Authors: Fairweather Chris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Global labour studies scholarship has increasingly recognized the importance of building global solidarity of workers and their unions in response to globalization. Despite this, the labour movement’s embrace of global solidarity as a response to globalization has been incomplete, and at times contradictory. The more common response to globalization has been labour nationalism, which has commanded far less attention in the literature. This paper considers labour nationalism from the perspective of emerging theories of global solidarity, offering a 2016 rank-and-file-driven campaign to save a General Motors plant in Ontario as a case study in labour nationalism. Although nationalism continues to be a relatively effective mobilizing device, Unifor Local 222 has had very little success ‘keeping good jobs in Canada.’ Instead, the union has entrenched a collective action frame that makes space for more xenophobic and racist expressions of nationalism and undermines the prospects of building solidarity abroad and, paradoxically, at home.
Beyond Hegemony: An Anthropological Approach to the Study of the covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pizza Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Starting from a Gramscian perspective, this article offers anthropological understandings of time in the experience of pandemics in Italy. The Gramscian suggestion is to go beyond hegemony in order to study the bodily life of powers. The author explores the anthropological sense of pandemics, also touching on philosophical approaches among contemporary studies. Following this, some questions about Italy are raised. What was the Italian experience of quarantine? Is it true that there was a ‘failure’ of the health model, above all in the northern regions, which had been praised as a pioneering model of public–private sector collaboration? Is it true to read the covid-19 pandemic as evidence of ‘victory’ for Italy’s central regions, such as the model of Umbria, with its centres of anthropological resistance? The instruments for answering these questions can be found in the critical anthropology of public health as outlined in the article.
The Usability of Face Coverings Used to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Robertson Ian , Kortum Philip 
Published: December 2021

Objective To describe the perceived usability and usability problems associated with face coverings used to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Background Since public health experts have now identified the appropriate use of facemasks as one of the critical elements in an effective COVID mitigation strategy, understanding how people use and care for them has become important. Method Data were collected via a survey that was shared on social media to which 2148 people responded. Participants were asked to identify the category class of the face covering they most often wear, rate its usability, answer demographic information, and questions about their mask use and hygiene, and identify issues they may suffer in relation to face cover use. Results Overall, users appear to perceive their face coverings favorably from a usability and satisfaction standpoint, even though almost two-thirds of users indicated that they experienced discomfort and problems with glasses fogging with the most popular mask types. When considering demographic information, users’ political party affiliation appears related to how they perceive the usability of their face covering. Conclusion Designers should work to improve the fit and comfort properties of protective masks; evidence suggests the System Usability Scale may be a useful tool in those efforts. Application Understanding mask design and behavioral issues related to their use can help in the development of masks and will maximize their acceptance and effectiveness in the field.
Genome sequence of Dichelobacter nodosus JKS-07B isolate from J&K, India associated with virulent footrot of sheep
Authors: Qureshi Sabia , Wani Shakil A , Farooq Shaheen , Kashoo Zahid , Bhat Basharat , Isfaqul Hussain Mohammad , Habib Aasim , Altaf Bhat Mohd , Khan Shafkat Majeed , Pandit Arif Ahmad , Malla Javeed A , Dar Bilal Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Virulent footrot of sheep caused by Dichelobacter nodosus is associated with tremendous economic losses due to recurrent treatment costs and increased culling rates. This organism being a fastidious anaerobe is difficult to isolate on ordinary media that does not support its growth. The D. nodosus serogroup B isolate described in the present study has been used in the preparation of the whole-cell killed vaccine against footrot in India. D. nodosus serogroup B is the predominant serogroup involved in virulent footrot (lesion score 4) in India as well as in many sheep-rearing countries of the globe. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted using wizard Genomic DNA purification kit. The whole genome of the D. nodosus strain B was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and annotated according to functional gene categories. Annotations were performed using in-house developed Perl scripts using Nr/Nt database, uniprot, Pfam, KEGG, Panther DB, and GO database. Result: The assembled genome size is 1.311,533 Mb and GC content is 44.38. A total of 1215 protein-coding genes, 44tRNA and 7 rRNA were identified. The genome shows 98.63% sequence homology with the reference genome. However, 21 new genes have been identified in this genome. The information will provide insights into the various genes and regulators necessary for D. nodosus growth and survival. Discussion: The genome information of this serogroup B of D. nodosus isolate involved in 85–90% cases of virulent footrot of sheep in India provides further insights for improvement of the killed vaccine (B serogroup) developed recently in India. For the development of an efficacious vaccine against virulent footrot, it is essential to know the serological diversity as well as the virulent status of the strains of the D. nodosus. This serogroup isolate is a potential vaccine candidate to mitigate ovine footrot in India as the majority of virulent footrot cases belong to serogroup B of D. nodosus.
Pregnancy and Fertility Trends Among Female Otolaryngologists
Authors: Huguet Makenzie , Beliveau Angela , Taylor Sandra L. , Aizenberg Debbie A. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis study sought to determine childbearing patterns and decision making among female otolaryngologists.Study DesignAnonymous survey.SettingAn anonymous survey was sent in 2020 to female otolaryngologists identified through their membership with the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.MethodsData were analyzed concerning individual fertility and childbearing history, reflections regarding decision making, perceptions of workplace support, and estimations of objective childbearing potential.ResultsThere were 398 responses. The mean age at first pregnancy was 32.3 years. Almost one‐third of respondents who attempted to conceive (30.4%) were diagnosed with infertility. Of those who had their first pregnancy during training, 55% reported having substantial workplace support, as opposed to 70% of those whose first pregnancies followed completion of training (P =. 01). When asked what they would do differently in retrospect, most women with infertility (65.0%) would have attempted conception earlier; 41 (41.0%) would have used cryopreservation to extend fertility; and 14 (14.0%) would have gone into a different specialty.ConclusionFemale otolaryngologist respondents have children later in life than the general population, and a substantial proportion face infertility or have regrets about family planning decisions and career decision making. Increased awareness, further investigation, and targeted programs are needed to support the growing number of female otolaryngologists who desire both a career and a family.
Cochlear Implantation and Risk of Falls in Older Adults
Authors: Grimm David R. , Fakurnejad Shayan , Alyono Jennifer C. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo examine whether cochlear implantation (CI) increases the risk of clinically significant falls in older adults.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of deidentified administrative claims from a US commercial insurance database.SettingNationwide deidentified private insurance claims database (Clinformatics Data Mart; Optum).MethodsPatients undergoing CI were identified through Current Procedural Terminology codes. Number of days with falls resulting in health care expenditure were counted 1 year pre‐ and post‐CI. Generalized estimating equation Poisson regression was used to determine medical and sociodemographic predictors for fall days, including age, sex, race, and income, with pre‐ vs post‐CI status.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2019, 3773 patients aged >50 years underwent CI. An overall 139 (3.68%) patients recorded at least 1 fall diagnosis a year pre‐CI, and 142 (3.76%) recorded at least 1 fall diagnosis post‐CI. The average number of days with fall diagnoses per patient with a recorded fall was 3.12 pre‐CI and 2.04 post‐CI. In bivariate analysis, age (P <. 0001) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (P <. 0001) were predictive of falls, but sex (P <. 10), race (P <. 72), and income (P <. 51) were not. Poisson regression demonstrated a statistically significant association between Charlson Comorbidity Index and days with fall diagnoses (risk ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.30‐1.49]; P <. 0001]). No statistically significant difference in falls was seen pre‐ vs post‐CI (risk ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.34‐1.33]; P <. 25]). Age also was not predictive of falls in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsCI does not appear to increase the risk of falls in older adults. Patient comorbidities correlate most strongly with fall risk and should be considered in patient selection for CI.
COVID‐19 Disparities and Vaccine Hesitancy in Black Americans: What Ethical Lessons Can Be Learned?
Authors: Restrepo Nicolas , Krouse Helene J. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis state of the art review focuses on bioethical questions and considerations from research findings and methodological issues, including design and recruitment of participants, in studies related to COVID‐19 vaccine hesitation in Black individuals. Ethical concerns identified were applied to otolaryngology with recommendations for improving health inequities within subspecialties.Data SourcesAn internet search through PubMed, CINAHL, and socINDEX was conducted to identify articles on COVID‐19 vaccine hesitation among the Black population between 2020 and 2021.Review MethodsA systematic review approach was taken to search and analyze the research on this topic, which was coupled with expert analysis in identifying and classifying vital ethical considerations.ConclusionsThe most common COVID‐19 vaccine hesitation factors were related to the development of the vaccine, mistrust toward government agencies, and misconceptions about safety and side effects. These findings raised bioethical concerns around mistrust of information, low health literacy, insufficient numbers of Black participants in medical research, and the unique positions of health professionals as trusted sources. These bioethical considerations can be applied in otolaryngology and other health‐related areas to aid the public in making informed medical decisions regarding treatments, which may reduce health inequalities among Black Americans and other racial and ethnic minority groups.Implications for PracticeAddressing ethical questions by decreasing mistrust, tailoring information for specific populations, increasing minority representation in research, and using health professionals as primary sources for communicating health information and recommendations may improve relationships with Black communities and increase acceptance of new knowledge and therapies such as COVID‐19 vaccination.
Effectiveness and safety of povidone iodine for prolonged lung air-leak after lung surgery
Authors: Chaari Zied , Hentati Abdessalem , Ben Ayed Aimen , Abid Walid , Frikha Imed 
Published: December 2021

Background Pulmonary surgery is often associated with postoperative prolonged parenchymal air-leak. The purpose of this study was to determine efficacy and safety of povidone iodine as treatment of prolonged parenchymal air-leak following all-types of lung surgery. Methods This prospective trial was conducted from June 2019 to December 2020, and designed under PanAfrican Clinical Trials Registry requirements. Patients having prolonged parenchymal air-leak were randomly allocated to povidone iodine protocol (Group A) or surveillance without povidone iodine (Group B). We collected the number of povidone iodine injections required before bubbling stopped, total drainage period, tolerance after injection, complications and side-effects. Comparative study was performed to evaluate povidone iodine efficacy. Results Following randomization, Group A included 19 patients, and Group B 21. Both groups were comparable. The mean drainage period was 9.21 days in Group A (6–14 days) and 15.62 days in Group B (7–31 days) ( p = 0.001). The mean hospitalization period was 11.05 days in Group A (7–16 days) and 18.9 days in Group B (9–38 days) ( p < 0.0001). The mean follow-up period was 6.8 months (3–18 months). No deaths were noted in either groups. Four side-effects were reported in Group A (21%) and four serious complications were noticed in Group B (19%). No recurrences were reported in Group A versus one recurrence of homolateral pneumothorax in Group B (4.76%). Conclusions Povidone iodine is an effective and safe solution for pleurodesis. It is associated with a low complication rate that remains acceptable, and could be proposed as treatment of prolonged parenchymal air-leak after lung resections.
Practice review: Evidence-based and effective management of fatigue in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Chapman Emma J , Martino Erica Di , Edwards Zoe , Black Kathryn , Maddocks Matthew , Bennett Michael I 
Published: December 2021

Background: Fatigue affects most patients living with advanced cancer and is a symptom that healthcare professionals can find difficult to manage. Aim: To provide healthcare professionals with a pragmatic overview of approaches to management of fatigue in patients with advanced cancer that are commonly recommended by guidelines and to evaluate evidence underpinning them. Design: Scoping review methodology was used to determine the strength of evidence supporting use of interventions recommended in management of fatigue in patients with advanced cancer. Data sources: National or international guidelines were examined if they described the management of fatigue in adult cancer patients and were written within the last 6 years (2015–2021) in English. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (January 2011–December 2021) was searched for ‘cancer’ AND ‘fatigue’ in title, abstract or keywords. A PubMed search was also made. Results: Evidence indicates physical exercise interventions are effective and patients may benefit from energy conservation tactics. Evidence does not support use of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate. Limited data were found on efficacy of corticosteroids, psychological interventions, nutritional intervention, sleep optimization or complementary therapies for management of fatigue in advanced cancer. Conclusion: We recommend regular assessment, review and acknowledgement of the impact of fatigue. Exercise and energy conservation should be considered. Pharmacological interventions are not endorsed as a routine approach. Many interventions currently recommended by guidelines are not supported by a robust evidence base and further research on their efficacy is required.
Multi-echo Dixon and breath-hold T2-corrected multi-echo single-voxel MRS for quantifying hepatic iron overload in rabbits
Authors: Zhao Fanyu , Chen Yidi , Zhang Huiting , Li Chenhui , Long Liling 
Published: December 2021

Background Three-dimensional (3D) multi-echo-Dixon (ME-Dixon) and breath-hold T2-corrected multi-echo single-voxel MR spectroscopy (HISTO) can simultaneously quantify liver fat and liver iron. However, their diagnostic efficacy and application scope for quantitative iron in co-existing fatty liver have not been adequately evaluated. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of ME-Dixon and HISTO for quantitative analysis of hepatic iron in rabbits with iron deposition and fatty liver using liver–iron concentration (LIC) as a reference standard. Material and Methods ME-Dixon, HISTO, and conventional two-dimensional multi-echo gradient echo (GRE) sequences were performed on 42 rabbits. The following parameters were calculated: R2* from ME-Dixon and GRE; proton density fat fraction (PDFF) from the ME-Dixon, HISTO (normal TE range), and HISTO-H (extended TE range); and R2_water from HISTO and HISTO-H. The LIC and liver–fat concentration (LFC) were measured through chemical analysis, and their relationship with the MRI parameters were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency. Results LIC was significantly correlated with R2_HISTO-H, R2*_Dixon, and R2*_GRE ( r = 0.858, 0.910, 0.931, respectively; P < 0.001) and weakly with R2_HISTO ( r = 0.424; P = 0.008). A strong correlation was also observed between the LFC and PDFF obtained from HISTO, HISTO-H, and ME-Dixon ( r = 0.776, 0.811, 0.888, respectively; P < 0.001). ME-Dixon showed the best performance with moderate iron overload (AUC = 0.983). Conclusion 3D ME-Dixon is useful for quantifying the LIC, especially with co-existing fatty liver. Its diagnostic performance is also superior to that of the HISTO sequence.
Effect of polygon-shaped wheels on fatigue fracture of fastener clips in high-speed railway lines
Authors: Kang Xi , Chen Guangxiong , Zhu Qi , Ren Wenjuan , Dai Huanyun 
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the effect of wheel polygonalization and material properties on the fatigue failure of fastener clips in high-speed railway lines and puts forward the corresponding inhibition measures. Vibration frequencies excited by 24th-order wheel out-of-roundness (OOR) were analysed by on-site tests of the axle box vertical vibration acceleration. A finite element modelling method of polygon-shaped wheels was proposed, which was verified by comparing the field measurement with the dynamic simulation. The dynamic response of the fastener clip was simulated by using a rigid–flexible coupled model of the wheelset-track system. The effect of amplitudes as well as typical wavelengths of wheel OOR on the fracture of the clip was analysed based on the Miner fatigue damage accumulation ruler. The results show that when the wheelset ran at 237 km/h on the track, the 24th-order wheel OOR had no obvious effect on the Mises equivalent stress of the clip. When the amplitude of the 24th-order wheel OOR reached 0.225 mm and above, excited vibrations of about 1172 Hz were transmitted from the wheelset-rail system to the fastener systems, thus reducing the safe operating life of the clips. This phenomenon can be inhibited by setting a reasonable amplitude threshold for wheel re-profiling. Wheel eccentric wear (first-order OOR) and 12th-order OOR had lesser effects on the fatigue failure of the clip. The decrease of Poisson’s ratio or the increase of Young’s modulus of the material could cause the maximum Mises equivalent stress at the clip to increase, which might induce cracks, thus leading to the fracture of the clip. Therefore, during the production process, the Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus of fastener clips should be strictly controlled to ensure that they are within the permitted range.
Politics Beyond Imperial Cores: Spatial Production in the Peripheries of Medieval South India
Authors: Fanthome Eduard 
Published: December 2021

Current scholarship on medieval South India has developed a comprehensive account of the ways in which political claims were constituted by dynasts and their subordinates in a range of contexts, from imperial courts to provinces. It has elaborated the modalities of political claim-making through instantiations of politico-cultural traditions or ‘cosmopolises’, and the integrative processes and social changes associated with them. However, this scholarship largely focused on imperial capitals and secondary urban settlements, which constituted nodes in the political networks of polities and loci of contestation and integration within them. Regions in which cosmopolitan traditions did not inform political practice remain opaque to this historiography. This article investigates one such contest- the ‘contested’ Raichur Doab. It explores the politics of the production of a settlement- MARP-30 and the ways they were negotiated to constitute relations of inclusion and exclusion.MARP-30 is part of the multi-component site at Maski that during the period of MARP-30’s occupation does not evince evidence of cosmopolitan practices. Examining the constitution of socio-political relations in this context will expand our understanding of political practice in medieval South India to include practices inaccessible through texts and under-explored archaeologically, and yet typical of medieval South India given the political and social dynamism that characterize the medieval period.
Between Archaeography and Historiography: Unsettling the Medieval?
Authors: Trivedi Mudit 
Published: December 2021

Do archaeology and history refer to the same real past? Their relationship has been understood primarily as epistemic, as one of the distinct techniques for knowing different aspects or epochs of the past. When archaeologies of more familiar, historical, medieval pasts are conducted, why do these accounts enthusiastically find and lose, provoke and distress, their specialist kin; or why do historiography and archaeography relate uneasily? This article argues that it is useful to think of archaeography and historiography as two sensibilities, two activities, and following de Certeau, as two operations. Each operation is governed by distinct protocols of generalisation, different aspirations of synthesis, distinct poetics that govern their texts and the account they wish to give of their subjects. Appreciating these differences, this article focuses on the foreclosures shared by both operations with reference to the tangle of the medieval. It asks, what comes to count as evidence and how, which questions arise and why, and what aspects of pasts termed medieval appear familiar, alien, or interesting. From these questions it builds an account of what archaeology can disclose about shared modern historicist commitments to the medieval and those uneasily kept out of its scenes. This article grounds these questions through an engagement with South Asian medieval historiography on the theme of settlement. First, through a genealogy of settlement it examines the reasons for the concept’s centrality to accounts of medieval life, (modern) politics and the state. Through examples drawn from research in Mewat, it examines what these commitments to thinking about settlement disable and enable, the questions its assumptions exclude. It demonstrates how archaeologies of settlement bring into view questions of anteriority, and how attention to spatial relations of remove and accrual reverse figure and ground in accounts of dwelling. In light of these disjoinders, it asks, must we continue to close our operations, to write our medieval, in the manner we do?