bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Targeted Transgene Delivery to Injured Lower Motor Neurons
Authors: Miller Matthew , Hernandez Iván , Minderler Steven , Nammour Josette , Ng Carrie , Maguire Casey , Jowett Nate 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries yield devastating consequences, and surgical repair outcomes remain suboptimal. Novel therapeutic strategies such as gene therapy could improve peripheral nerve regeneration. Though adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have delivered transgenes to intact peripheral neurons, transduction of transected neurons relevant to management of peripheral nerve injuries has not been reported. Herein, in vivo transduction efficiency of axotomized murine facial neurons using four AAV capsids packaging a fluorescent reporter transgene, tdTomato, is characterized. Proximal stumps of transected facial nerve branches in C57Bl/6J mice were immersed in AAV solutions. Four weeks later, facial motor nuclei were volume-imaged via whole-mount two-photon excitation microscopy, and machine learning-based image segmentation quantified the proportion of transgene expressing neurons. We observed remarkable retrograde transduction efficiency with AAV-PHP.S and AAV-F, with expression levels sufficient to detect intrinsic tdTomato fluorescence. This study confirms successful in vivo retrograde transgene delivery to transected peripheral neurons, an approach that carries potential as a research tool and future therapeutic strategy.
Digital Generating Method for Cylindrical Helical Gear based on Indexable Disk Milling Cutter
Authors: Zhang Weiqing , Zhou Qing , Guo Xiaodong , Tan Rulong , Shu Ruizhi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To solve the problem of low efficiency in digital generating machining for producing small or medium batches of helical gears, a method to improve the machining efficiency with an indexable disc milling cutter is presented in this paper. First, the mathematical model of the tooth profile and the indexable disc milling cutter are established. Second, according to the spatial free-form envelope theory, the overall planning scheme of the tool path is given; the relative position and the relative transformation matrix of the tool and tooth profile during digital generating machining using the indexable disc milling cutter are solved, the simulation cutting and actual cutting experiments are conducted, and the cutting efficiency per unit time and cutting simulation time of the two tools under the same deformation conditions is obtained through a finite element analysis experiment. The results show that the cutting efficiency of the indexable disc milling tool was 2–3 times higher than that of the end mill cutter.
Comparison of Time Usage and Success Rate Between CT Angiography- and CT Perfusion- Based Imaging Assessment Strategy for the Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chu Yue , Ma Gao , Xu Xiao-Quan , Lu Shan-Shan , Shi Hai-Bin , Liu Sheng , Liu Qiang-Hui , Wu Fei-Yun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to compare the time usage and success rate between CTA- and CTP- based assessment strategy, and to clarify the risk factors associated with CTP scan failure. Methods: Clinical and radiological data of 437 consecutive AIS patients who underwent multiphase CTA or CTP for pre-treatment evaluation were retrospectively enrolled (CTA group, n=302; CTP group, n=135). Time usage and success rate of CTA and CTP were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-Squared Test. Univariate analysis and receiver operating curve analysis were used to clarify the risk factors and their values for predicting CTP scan failure.Results: Time usage of CTP scan and reconstruction was significantly longer than that of CTA [775sec vs 263.5sec, P<0.001]. CTP scan showed significantly higher failure rate than CTA (11% vs 1%, P<0.001). Severe motion was the most common cause of CTP failure (n=12, 80%). Baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in CTP failure group was significantly higher than that in CTP success group [17 vs 13, P=0.007]. Baseline NIHSS score of 11 was the optimal threshold to predict CTP failure with an area under the curve of 0.771, sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 45.0%.Conclusions: CTP-based strategy showed longer time consumption and higher failure rate than CTA-based strategy. High baseline NIHSS score was significantly associated with CTP scan failure in AIS patients.
BacARscan: A Comprehensive and Interactive Web-Resource to Discern Antibiotic Resistance Gene Diversity in –Omics Datasets
Authors: Pandey Deeksha , Kumari Bandana , Singhal Neelja , Kumar Manish 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Regular surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is important to understand the emergence and epidemiology of antibiotic resistance (AR) in clinical and environmental niches. With diminishing costs, NGS technologies are anticipated to replace classical microbiological and molecular methods for determination of AR. One major hindrance underlying identification and annotation of ARGs from WGS data is that a major part of genome databases contain fragmented genes/genomes (due to incomplete assembly). Herein, we propose a web resource of Bacterial ARGs, named as BacARscan (Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance scan), to detect, predict and characterize ARGs in metagenomic, genomic and proteomic data. The current version of BacARscan comprises 254 ARG models, each annotated with a resistant profile against different classes of antibiotics, resistance mechanism etc. Benchmarking on a combined dataset of AR and non-AR proteins found 92% precision & 95% F-measure. BacARscan can also discriminate between the protein families that are homologous but not all families are involved in the AR. BacARscan identified more ARGs in (a) gut microbiome and (b) datasets comprising short read genomic and proteomic sequences of ESKAPE pathogens. Analysis of clinical metagenomic data indicated its potential to complement and/or supplement WGS based identification of ARGs in clinical samples. BacARscan standalone software and web-server are freely available at http://proteininformatics.org/mkumar/bacarscan and github repository (https://github.com/University-of-Delhi-south-campus/BacARscan).
Dynamics of genetic diversity among Indian Sugarcane bacilliform virus species and implications of associated recombination events in the virus
Authors: Janiga PK , Nithya K. , Viswanathan Rasappa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV), a plant pararetrovirus causing leaf fleck disease in sugarcane across the globe. Since the virus occurs throughout the sugarcane growing areas and germplasm in India, we have assessed the genetic divergences among the virus isolates from 104 isolates infecting germplasm and Saccharum hybrid varieties. With the evidence gathered from phylogenetic analysis and sequence demarcation tool, five novel genotypes are being proposed: SCBV-U, SCBV-V, SCBV-W, SCBV-X and SCBV-Y. SCBV-W: CBJ 46, due to the divergence in the nucleotide and protein sequence with existing isolates, established itself as a novel candidate in SCBV species. In comparison with the existing database of SCBV and conclusion from the present study, SCBV isolates from India exhibited maximum diversity in comparison with other regions. SCBV-U, SCBV-W, SCBV-X which turned out as potent recombinants along with other six recombinants in the study, directs at the plausible heterogeneity and genetic exchange happened within SCBV species over time which lead to the evolution of new variants. Neutrality tests indicate the existence of low-frequency polymorphism and Selection pressure of < 1 pointed out at purifying selection. Codon usage bias acted as an efficient tool for identifying patterns in SCBV, in which non-randomness in mutational events might lead to the over expression of codon AGA. The current study on characterization and evidence of nucleotidal variation within SCBV species will lead to devising robust diagnostics of the virus in quarantine and improving the knowledge on the evolutionary changes in SCBV species.
A multimodal analytical method to simultaneously determine monoacetyldiacylglycerols, medium and long chain triglycerides in biological samples during routine lipidomics
Authors: Thomas Raymond , Manful Charles , Pham Thu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
IntroductionMonoacetyldiglycerides (MAcDG), are acetylated triglycerides (TG) and an emerging class of bioactive or functional lipid with promising nutritional, medical, and industrial applications. A major challenge exists when analyzing MAcDG from other subclasses of TG in biological matrices, limiting knowledge on their applications and metabolism. Objective and MethodsHere in we demonstrate a multimodal analytical method for resolution, identification and quantitation of MAcDG in biological samples based on thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection complimentary with C30-reversed phase liquid chromatography-high resolution accurate mass tandem mass spectrometry. We further apply this method to determine the MAcDG molecular species composition and quantity in E. solidaginis larvae. Results and ConclusionThese findings suggest that the proposed analytical method could simultaneously provide a fast, accurate, sensitive, high throughput analysis of MAcDG from other TG subclasses, including the fatty acids, isomers and molecular species composition. We believe this method will allow for MAcDG to be included during routine lipidomics analysis of biological samples and will have broad interests and applications in the scientific community in areas such as nutrition, climate change, medicine and biofuel innovations.
Hybrid Enriched Stacked Auto Encoder and FFO-MPARCNN Algorithm for the Multispectral Image LULC Classification
Authors: E Bhuvaneswari , Ch Anil Kumar T , Arshad Haqqani , R Dhanagopal , Narukullapati Bharath Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The satellite imagery classification task is fundamental to spatial knowledge discovery. Land Cover and Land usage (LULC) maps are created using a variety of image classification techniques, making it easier to conduct research on spatial and ecological processes as well as human activities. One of the most well-known applications of geographical monitoring is LULC classification. Owing to its improved feature learning and feature expression capacity, the convolutional neural network (CNN) has made several breakthroughs in feature extraction as well as classification of multispectral images in recent times as compared with conventional machine learning approaches. But on the other hand, standard CNN models have certain disadvantages, for instance, a large number of layers, which contribute to difficult computing costs. The Hybrid Enriched Stacked Auto Encoder and Pre-Activated Residual Convolutional Neural Network combined with a Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (HESAE-FFO-MPARCNN) has formulated where FFO used to optimise parameters and thus enhance the accuracy of classification in this work to tackle this issue. The designed FFO-MPARCNN model with its modified hyperparameters produces higher classical models as PB-RNN, ResNet and FHS-DBN for computational efficiency and accuracy of classification.
Well-Controlled Emulsion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Using (Hg,Cd)-Diphenylcarbazone Catalysts: An attempt to Create Hg-free, Nontoxic, γ-Radiation and thermal Stable Films
Authors: AbdelDayem Hany , El-Mosallamy El-Said H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, a procedure for synthesis of Hg and Cd-free PMMA films via emulsion polymerization using different concentrations (0.000025 - 0.00025 g mol/L) of Hg and Cd-diphenylcarbazone complexes (Hg(or Cd)DPC) as a catalytic chain transferring agent was reported. The extraction of either HgDPC or CdDPC from resultants polymers was confirmed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the neat polymers presented no cytotoxicity to human Hep G2 Cells. Well dispersity of PMMA (DPI of ca. 1.3) and the optimal performance in MMA polymerization was achieved using 0.00020 g mol/L HgDPC, which exhibited a PMMA yield of ca. 98%. Thermal behavior studies proved that PMMA films became highly thermally stable suggested as due to the elimination of head-to-head growing PMMA chains and disproportionation mechanistic steps. Therefore, the degradation process is mainly due to the random main chain scission, which on turn demonstrated a positive impact on its melting, decomposition and, glass transition (Tg) temperatures where, Tg of PMMA samples understudy increased in the following order: blank(60°C)˂CdDPC(69°C)˂HgDPC(84°C).The radiation shields and mechanical properties of PMMA films were also studied to evaluate the anti-radiation affinity of these complexes where, a tensile strength of 85.0 MPa of resultant PMMA using HgDPC was acquired.
Small Modular Reactor Reactivity Disturbance Suppression Method Based on Core Coolant Flow Control
Authors: Xie Hongyun , Duan Qizhi , Ping Jialin , Lu Chao , Zhang Liming , Li Shuqiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nuclear reactors may suffer from various disturbances during operation. These disturbances can cause core power deviates from the set parameters, and affect the power level of reactors. Due to the limited internal space of the reactor, the number of control rods is small. It is difficult to set up control rod groups dedicated to reactive compensation for modular reactor of medium or small size. Therefore, it is necessary to study a set of reactivity compensation measures that do not rely on control rods according to the actual needs of modular reactors to compensate for the power deviation caused by reactivity disturbances. A disturbance suppression method based on coolant flow control is proposed in the study. This method takes advantage of the Doppler effect of the coolant temperature, and changes the coolant flow rate to affect its temperature when reactive disturbances occur, thereby compensating for fluctuations of reactivity. Numerical experiments show that this method can effectively suppress the power deviation caused by reactive disturbances, and has engineering application value.
SARS-CoV-2 gained the unique spike protein S1-N-Terminal Domain from the promising pangolins mixing vessel: A novel clue for the pandemic outbreak
Authors: desingu Perumal , Nagarajan K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The clue behind the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 remains a huge debate among the virologist, policymakers, and general public, while the gain-of-function hypothesizes mostly focused on the furin cleavage site and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Here, we report that the SARS-CoV-2 gained the novel human-specific spike protein S1-N-Terminal Domain (S1-NTD) (Type-I) which is present only in SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2-rB-CoV showed unique bat-specific Type-II and Type-III-S1-NTD, which is not present in other SARS coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 variants. We also found widespread recombination and selection pressure in the S1-NTDs of the bat viruses. In addition, the Pangolin/GX/2018 and Pangolin/Guangdong/2019 lineages showed close identity (73-79%) with the Type-I-S1-NTD and Type-II-S1-NTD respectively. This justifies that the pangolin is the mixing vessel (intermediate host) to exchange the bat-specific Type-II-S1-NTD in the SARS-CoV-2-rB-CoV into Type-I-like-S1-NTD in pangolin through recombination. Furthermore, the pangolin virus with Type-I-like-S1-NTD jumped into humans which then transformed into SARS-CoV-2 with Type-I-S1-NTD by host selection pressure. Remarkably, we characterized the bat/Cambodia virus as a recombinant SARS-CoV-2/RatG13 with the S1-NTD of bat-SARS-like viruses; while only bat/RatG13 with Type-I-S1-NTD established a huge pandemic outbreak. Additionally, recent SARS-CoV-2 S1-NTD specific neutralizing antibody-based studies support the role of S1-NTD in the post-attachment of the virus; fusion, virus dissemination, and cell-cell fusion thereby prevent the onset of infection; and most of the SARS-CoV-2 variants with increased transmissibility were linked to the S1-NTD mutations. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that the gain of Type-I-S1-NTD in the SARS-CoV-2 is the reason for the pandemic outbreak.
Projected drought conditions by CMIP6 multimodel ensemble over Southeast Asia
Authors: Supharatid S. , Nafung J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Southeast Asia (SEA) is vulnerable to climate extremes due to its large and growing population, long coastlines with low-lying areas, reliance on agricultural sector developments. Here, the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) was employed to examine future climate change and drought in this region under two SSP–RCP (shared socioeconomic pathway–representative concentration pathway) scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). The CMIP6 multimodel ensemble mean projects a warming (wetting) of 1.99–4.29 °C (9.62–18.43%) in the 21st century. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index at 12-month time scales (SPEI-12) displays moderate-to-severe dry conditions over all countries during the near-future period, then the wet condition is projected from mid-future to far-future periods. The projected drought characteristics show relatively longer durations, higher peak intensities, and more severities under SSP5-8.5, while the higher number of events are projected under SSP2-4.5. Overall, the SPEI-12 over SEA displays significant regional differences with decreasing dryness trend toward the 21st century. All these findings have important implications for policy intervention to water resource management under a changing climate over SEA.
Nanotechnology-based Colorimetric Approaches for Pathogenic Virus
Sensing: A Review
Authors: Filik Hayati , Avan Asiye Aslıhan 
Published: July 2021

:
Fast and inexpensive virus identification protocols are of paramount value to
hinder the increase of pandemic diseases, minimize economic and social damages, and
expedite proper clinical rehabilitation. Until now, various biosensors have been developed
for the identification of pathogenic particles. But, they offer many limitations. Nanotechnology
overcomes these difficulties and allows a direct identification of pathogenic species
in real-time. Among them, nanomaterial based-colorimetric sensing approach for
identifying pathogenic viruses by the naked eye has attracted much awareness because of
their simplicity, speed, and low cost. In this review, the latest tendencies and advancements
used in detecting pathogenic viruses using colorimetric concepts, are overviewed.
We focus on and reconsider the use of distinctive nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles,
carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and conducting polymer for the formation of colorimetric
pathogenic virus sensors.
Genetic Polymorphism of miR-218-2 (rs11134527) in Cervical Cancer: A
Case-Control Study on the Bangladeshi Women
Authors: Nazneen Farhana , Millat Md. Shalahuddin , Barek Md. Abdul , Aziz Md. Abdul , Uddin Md. Sarowar , Jafrin Sarah , Aka Tutun Das , Islam Md. Safiqul 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The prevalence of Cervical Cancer (CC) is disproportionately higher in developing
countries. It is the second most frequent cancer type among Bangladeshi women and the
major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, no previous data reported the association of
miR-218-2 gene polymorphisms in Bangladeshi cervical cancer patients.

Aim:
This case-control study was designed to find the link between the rs11134527 polymorphism
in miR-218-2 and CC.

Methods:
A total of 488 subjects were recruited, comprising 256 cervical cancer patients and 232
healthy females. Genotyping was conducted with the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique to detect
the association.

Results:
The results of genotype data showed that rs11134527 was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
in both CC cases and controls (P >0.05). Overall, the polymorphism was found to be significantly
associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer with AG genotype (AG vs. GG: OR =
2.26, 95% Cl = 1.40-3.66, P = 0.0008), AA genotype (AA vs. GG: OR = 3.64, 95% Cl = 2.17-6.10,
P <0.0001), dominant model (AG+AA vs. GG: OR = 2.75, 95% Cl = 1.75-4.31, P <0.0001), recessive
model (AA vs. GG+AG: OR = 2.08, 95% Cl = 1.41-3.08, P = 0.0002), and A allele (A vs. G:
OR = 1.94, 95% Cl = 1.51-2.51, P <0.0001). All of these correlations remained statistically significant
after performing Bonferroni correction (P <0.008).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that the rs11134527 polymorphism in the miR-218-2 gene contributes
to the susceptibility of CC in Bangladeshi women.
Food Preference, Fecundity, Proximate Analysis on Eggs and Meat of <i>Turbo crassus</i> (W. Wood 1828) and <i>Turbo setosus</i> (Gmelin 1791) in Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Romolo Rijal , Auliya' Izzatul , Trijoko Trijoko 
Published: July 2021

Turbo snails have important roles in the ecosystem as prey for predators, and decomposition of dead objects, and it is starting to decrease. This is quite worrying so that conservation efforts must be carried out immediately. Turbo snail species found in Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul are Turbo crassus and Turbo setosus. The aims of this study were to determine food preferences, the relationship between body size and fecundity, analyze egg quality based on proximate levels of the two species, and meat proximate of T. crassus and T. setosus. Samples were taken from Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul. Food preference was observed using the sedgwick rafter, fecundity was counted using the gravimetric method. Moisture content, protein content, fat content, ash, and carbohydrate content of both species eggs and meat were determined with proximate analysis at the UGM Central Laboratory for Food and Nutrition Studies. The results showed that the dominant food for T. setosus was Phaeophyta, whereas the dominant food for T. crassus was Microcoleus sp. and Phaeophyta. The fecundity of both Turbo species is exponentially positively correlated with all body sizes. Proximate analysis showed that the levels of fat and protein in the eggs of both species were quite high, which meant that the eggs are in good quality. The conclusion of this study is both species have slightly different food preferences. The fecundity of both species will increase exponentially with increasing body size and the broodstock of T. crassus and T. setosus Sepanjang Beach has good quality.
Deep Space Neck Infections
Authors: Hassanzadeh Tania , Tracy Jeremiah C. 
Published: July 2021

Deep neck space infections are a common reason for otolaryngology consultation. The anatomic spaces and their relationships are complex, and inappropriately treated infections may pose life-threatening consequences. It is critical for the practicing otolaryngologist to understand the boundaries and contents of the fascial spaces, microbiology of involved organisms, clinical workup, indications for medical and surgical management, and potential complications.
This review contains 15 figures, 3 tables and 25 references.
Key Words: Nodes of Rouviere, Danger space, Ludwig’s angina, Lemierre syndrome, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Bezold abscess