bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity Anomalies And Crustal Structure Of The Eastern Part Of The Verkhoyansk Fold-And-Thrust Belt, NE Russia: Evidence From The Junction Area Of The Adycha-Elga And Allakh-Yun Tectonic Zones
Authors: Solovyov Evgeny , Fridovsky Valery , Savvin Denis , Kychkin Vadim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The results of geophysical studies of the junction area of the Adycha-Elga and Allakh-Yun tectonic zones of the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt located on the submerged eastern margin of the Siberian craton are presented. Three structural-mineral complexes are recognized: Archean-Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic-Middle Carboniferous, and Upper Carboniferous-Early Mesozoic. The Early Jurassic plume-related basaltic volcanism and suprasubduction Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous granitoids, regional Brungadin and Suntar faults are identified. The goal of the research is to identify deep heterogeneities and clarify the structure of the Earth’s crust in the junction area of the Adycha-Elga and Allakh-Yun tectonic zones of the Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt. The analysis of gravitational anomalies is carried out, their transformations are performed – distinguishing the medium and low-frequency components, the vertical derivative Vzz, and calculating the equivalent distribution of sources of density masses at depth. It is determined that the hidden granitoids of the Adycha-Elga tectonic zone are located mainly in linear zones of decompaction at a depth of about 3.5 km. In the Allakh-Yun zone, a large gravitational minimum has been identified, where it is assumed that there is a magma granitoid chamber occurring at a depth of about 9 km. The model of the deep structure of the territory is based on the analysis of materials on the reference seismic profile 3-DV with the use of gravimetric data and the regional structure of the territory. According to the results of the wave pattern interpretation, the thickness of the lithosphere varies from 41 to 44 km. The thickness of the Upper Carboniferous-Triassic terrigenous rocks is 8-12 km, Mesoproterozoic - Middle Carboniferous carbonate-terrigenous complex is up to 12 km. The Archean-Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement occurs at a depth of 19-21 km. The Conrad discontinuity is assumed at a depth of about 30 km. Intense deformations of the crystalline basement are recognized, and trans-crust faults are identified.
Probabilistic Analysis of the Obstruction of Water Sources Due to the Occurrence of Rainfall-Triggered Mass Movements
Authors: Giraldo Laura Ortiz , Hernández Blanca Adriana Botero , Gutiérrez Johnny Alexander Vega 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for the probabilistic estimation of the obstruction of water streams generated by shallow mass movements triggered by rainfall. The study focuses on the Ovejas River, a tributary stream of the Medellín River, in the jurisdiction of the municipality of San Vicente in the department of Antioquia (Colombia). The occurrence of a mass movements was evaluated by deterministic and probabilistic methods based on the automation of processes of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial modeling. The spatial distribution of the mass movement hazard was estimated in terms of Factor of Safety (FoS) values by the deterministic method with physical basis SLIDE (Slope - Infiltration - Distributed Equilibrium), which allows the hazard zonation by calculating a FoS for rainfall-induced mass movements with different return periods. The rainfall regimes of the study area are estimated by means of a simple scaling Log Normal Model. On the other hand, the Probability of Failure (PF) analysis was performed under Rosenblueth’s punctual estimates method (PEM), which allows incorporating the uncertainty of the soil parameters. Subsequently, the resulting zones with high hazard that could detach and reach the Ovejas River channel are identified as sources for runout modeling by means of the Flow R model, thus estimating the extent of mass movement in probabilistic terms. In all the analyzed scenarios, the sliding material from the critical stability zones has a high probability of spreading to the riverbed of the main river. This analysis makes possible to identify those areas of the riverbed that should be analyzed with more detail and require possible intervention for the protection of the riverbed.
Groundwater contamination risk assessment based on advection-dispersion equation
Authors: Madear Gelu , Madear Camelia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The consequences of contaminated groundwater can seriously affect sustainable development; present and future generations being seriously affected by inadequate drinking water quality, loss of water supply, degraded surface water systems, high remediation costs, more expenses for other water supplies, and likely health issues. Therefore, an effective way to protect groundwater resources is by assessing the risk of groundwater contamination. An assessment of groundwater pollution should be performed to determine the level of risk posed by soil and groundwater contamination and establish if remediation strategies are required to protect controlled waters from site-derived contamination. Furthermore, if remediation is deemed necessary, site-specific remedial targets should be derived. A case study is presented, where a Conceptual Site Model was derived based on a “Source-Pathway-Receptor” exposure mechanism using historical information. Primary sources of contamination at the site are residual contamination within the soil and groundwater, and samples were collected from the site and tested in the laboratory; the concentration of water samples was compared to Romanian Drinking Water Standards. The following potential migration pathways have been identified: Leaching from soil and Migration of contaminated groundwater. The Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment (DQRA) has modelled the leaching of contaminants from the site via infiltration and vertical migration to the groundwater and subsequent lateral groundwater migration, with dilution and attenuation process active, to the compliance point, using Ogata-Banks equation. The results of this assessment indicate that the concentration of contaminants does not represent a significant risk to controlled waters.
Innovative Technologies for the Production of Ceramic Building Materials from Waste of Natural (Exogenous) Processes
Authors: Shapakidze Elena , Kamushadze Izolda , Gabunia Lamara , Gejadze Ioseb , Skhxvitaridze Rajden , Makadze Mirian , Petriashvili Tamar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main material for the modern construction business is cement/concrete, the production of which is associated with high energy and material costs and, most importantly, high CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Based on this, the development of technologies for new energy-efficient building materials - substitutes for Portland cement is of great importance. One of the ways to solve this problem could be the wider use of ceramic building materials, the production of which requires less energy and is not associated with high CO2 emissions compared to the production of Portland cement. The subject of this article is the development of innovative technologies for the production of ceramic building materials in Georgia (ordinary building bricks and clinker bricks) by using unconventional raw material - clay shale aluvium which is a waste of natural (exogenous) processes. As the main component of the ceramic mass, we used clay shale aluvium from the Duruji river bed near the town of Kvareli, which made it possible to reduce the firing temperature and improve the quality of the finished product. X-ray phase, petrographic and electronic microscopic studies have shown that ceramic products, both building and clinker bricks, made with the use of Kvareli shale, under the same firing conditions, have been obtained with a denser structure ensuring higher physical and mechanical features as compared to clay Metekhi, which is currently used by the brick factory in Georgia. The use of shale accumulated in the region of Kvareli in various areas of the economy (including production of ceramic building materials) will make it possible to clear the adjacent territory from risky deposits of natural alluvium, which threatens to flood the city and provide companies engaged in production of ceramic building materials with low-cost and environmentally friendly raw materials.
Adsorption of H2S from Thermal Water Using Clinoptilolite
Authors: Akhalbedashvili Lali , Beruashvili Tsira , Jalagania Sophio , Janashvili Nona , Merabashvili Nino 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The goal was to study and develop the composite adsorbents to uptake H2S from thermal water on the base of natural zeolite clinoptilolite (CL) from deposit of Georgia and activated carbon (AC). Cation-modified forms of CL have been prepared by wet-milling method. The crystalline structure and content of prepared adsorbents have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, IR-and AAS methods. Adsorption experiments carried out varying the ratio zeolite: AC, composite: solution, duration of contact, granulation degree. The results obtained showed that modification of CL by ion-exchanging method with metal ions (Zn2+, Fe3+, Mn2, Cu2+) has improved the adsorption capacity. Adsorption equilibrium reached in seven-fifteen minutes, and adsorption activity grows in a row: DeCL < CL < CuDeCL < MnDeCL < FeDeCL < ZnDeCL < AC/CL. The sorption capacity ranged from 0.68 mg/g to 28.17 mg/g. pH of thermal water before sorption was 8.97 and in filtrates changed in very wide ranges – from 10.44 until 3.55 depending on type of modification. Presence of multivalent cations of metals in the zeolite confirmed to be an essential factor determined the adsorption activity in relation to H2S, adsorption occurs via both physical sorption and chemisorption. Most active was composite AC/CL with ratio AC:CL, equal 3:2. The difference for H2S between decationated and cation-exchanged forms of CL may be explained by the change of surface potential. Polarity of zeolites depends on Si/Al ratio, which by-turn depends on conditions of acid treatment.
Monitoring of soil structure
Authors: Kokocňska-Pakiet Elzbieta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Based on data from the Central Office of Construction Supervision, there were 5455 construction disasters in Poland between 2008 and 2019. Four thousand twenty-three disasters were caused by random events, of which 110 were caused by landslides. Most of these events took place in 2010, when there were up to 94 disaster-related landslides. Landslides have been occurring with different intensity, significantly influencing the current structure of the Earth surface. In natural conditions, without human intrusion, these phenomena have a character of long-term processes that activate depending on the changes of natural external conditions such as ground saturation with water, area deforestation, high degradation or slopes erosion. Everyone who had contact with landslides knows that it is not a sudden phenomenon, but a process - chain of events occurring one after another and developing with time. This phenomenon forces constant necessity of getting more detailed knowledge of the processes mechanism and character and phenomena occurring inside the slopes. That is why slope monitoring plays such an important role in understanding the mechanism of landslides. In Poland, most structures of this type belong to the second or third geotechnical category in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy (2012). The law obliges the owner of the land on which this type of structure is located to perform inspections and monitoring of its condition. The monitoring of the slope protecting the liquid waste landfill facility located at the food processing plant was analysed in the article. In 1997, the slope was subject to a construction disaster in consequence of washout by the Oder River and too high irrigation of the ground structure. Following the disaster, the slope with the waste reservoirs slid into the river polluting it. Since the reconstruction, the slope is subject to constant monitoring of the external geometry and checking the condition of the ground building the dam. The paper discusses the applied monitoring methods and shows the methodology of conducting the measurements. The results of slope settlement were analysed and compared with model calculations. In conclusion, modern monitoring techniques were shown, which could be applied to this type of structures.
The model identification of buildings horizontal displacements with the use of a free geodetic network
Authors: Mrówczyńska Maria , Sztubecki Jacek , Ziçba Zofia , Wilczyńska Izabela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The geodetic monitoring of engineering structures, their displacements, and deformations, carried out permanently or periodically, allows obtaining information on the technical condition of facilities. The achieved information enables determining the necessary changes in using objects and minimizing future errors in the similar object’s design. The measurement results are subject to geometric interpretation based on the determined displacement parameters of the object’s shape and the approximation of the vector displacement field. Due to the influence of random factors characterized by a change in time and varying intensity, the deformation measurements performed during the operation of the facilities are of great importance for the safety of structures and engineering structures. In actual tasks of determining the object’s deformation and building a geometric model of displacements, the dominant method is the differential method, the advantage of eliminating systematic errors in measurement results while maintaining the geometric structure of the measurement and control network. The displacement’s geometric model, built based on measurements and calculations, can build a dynamic model of a building object, additionally considering such causes of deformation as, for example, own and usable weight, wind pressure, changes in ambient temperature, or ground vibrations. The article proposes approaches using the free alignment of linear and angular observations made in a geodetic network to determine horizontal displacements of an engineering object. This method may be necessary to study displacements of various parts of the object, thus analyzing its deformation. Free alignment allows for an optimal fit of the equalized network into the approximate network by imposing additional conditions (compared to the classic least squares method) on the vector of estimates of increments to approximate coordinates and the value of the covariance matrix. As an example of applying the proposed approach, the actual data received from the geodetic monitoring of the building structure was used. The structure was a road viaduct located along Wojska Polskiego Street in Bydgoszcz. The object of measurements and analyses was represented by finite sets of fixed points, subject to periodic observations over two years. The authors tested the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and compared the obtained results with the values of horizontal displacements, which were calculated based on the classic study of geodetic monitoring results using the least-squares method. The accuracy analysis of the obtained values of the geodetic network horizontal displacements using free alignment and the least-squares method was also performed. The results indicate the possibility of using the presented approach to identify the geometric model of horizontal displacements without losing the accuracy of their determination.
New Measurement Methods for Structure Deformation and Objects Exact Dimension Determination
Authors: Pavelka Karel , Zahradník David , Sedina Jaroslav , Pavelka Karel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current rapid development of technologies enables new procedures for deformation and the detecting of construction defects and their modelling and monitoring in BIM. New instruments were developed for fast and sufficiently accurate mapping like personal mobile laser scanners (PLS). In the world of photography, the size of camera sensors is bigger, and the photographs are sharper. The rapid development of computer performance enables automatic and complex calculations, which lead to large sets of detailed 3D data and a high degree of automation. This influences photogrammetry and its methods. The results are more detailed and more accurate. Deformation, defects and exact dimensions (metrology) of different structures or objects can be currently measured by digital close-range photogrammetry. Cracks and cavities are monitored for structure status detection. This is important for planning reconstruction and for financial reasons. For structures like cooling towers, chimneys, or bridges can be created on a 3D model with a high texture resolution for finding and monitoring cracks and cavities. Deformations or defects that were found must be in scale, and measurable for the calculation of the scope of repair work and its price. The generated 3D object model can then be used for further measurements, for the price estimation of renovation, and for the creation of a BIM, in which all processes can be modelled and watched. Deformation can be monitored over time by creating additional models after a defined period. Captured 3D models from different periods can be compared in software like CloudCompare to determine the progress of degradational changes. The trend of the aging of the structure can be traced, which will be helpful for the reasonable planning of reconstruction. Based on the rapid development and miniaturization of measuring devices, new, smaller, easier to use, and more perfect devices are constructed. This also applies to the new group of laser scanners constructed for basic measurement and structure modeling for BIM. Conventional laser scanners can be accurate, but they are relatively large and heavy, difficult to transport and measuring with them is relatively slow (stop and go type). If the project goal is the classic construction, documentation of the object, data transfer to BIM or basic documentation of objects, PLS is the ideal device. Thanks to the development of accurate IMU (inertial measurement unit) and SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) technologies, these devices are on the rise. The forthcoming article will inform about the methods of accurate close-range photogrammetry and mobile laser scanning and will show their advantages with specific examples.
Comparison of Digital Terrain and Surface Models for next Usage in a Chosen Locality
Authors: Valetta Alessandro , Chromcak Jakub , Danisovic Peter , Gaspar Gabriel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There are many possibilities for applications of digital terrain model and digital surface model due to their georeferenced character. The informational system of georeferenced data of Slovakia called ZBGIS gives new opportunities of downloading digital data in various formats. It is possible to download ortophotomosaics, ZBGIS raster at various scales, point cloud but digital terrain models and digital surface models with great possibilities of their application in GIS calculations as well.
Flood Hazard Calculation by Using a Digital Terrain Model
Authors: Muzik Juraj , Seidlova Anna , Kudelcikova Maria , Kongar-Syuryun Cheynesh , Mihalik Jan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to the global warming and the high environmental burden to the country, the risk of flood hazards increases hand in hand with the climate changes. It is not the only hazard, but parts of this hazard may be eliminated by using flood barriers, flood defences, etc. There are anthropogenic possibilities of the flood barriers’ application, such as dams, bags, regulated riverbeds. There are also protections with natural elements that can used, namely water gardens, water stages, balanced vegetation planting. The strength, dimension and position may be calculated from the proper terrain data.
Activities of a Mine Surveyor and a Geologist at Design Bases in a Limestone Quarry
Authors: Mikolas Milan , Mikusinec Jozef , Abrahamovsky Jan , Dibdiakova Jana , Tyulyaeva Yulia , Srek Jakub 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
At the beginning of this article, the main historical milestones of Povážská cementáreň (cement plant) Ladce, a.s. (PCLA) are presented. The main parameters of the Butkov quarry are also specified (sources of the mineral resources) such as the size of the protected deposit area, the mining area, etc. Another part of the article is devoted to proposals for future mining process. There are two projects in connection with the basic investment plan for PCLA modernization. The first one is the preparation of the survey area for limestone - the stages above the current E15 and the other one is the preparation of the survey area for marl - the Moskové locality. Both of these projects were realized in association with Považskň cementáreň, a.s., Ladce and VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava. An integral part of this article based on the project are also simulation of graphic models and diagrams. The last part of the article documents ways of the cooperation of Butkov Quarry and Považskň cementáreň, a.s., Ladce with the public. The management of the Butkov Quarry and Považskň cementáreň, a.s. have come to realize that their cooperation with the public on cultural and social activities helps both, the public and the quarry (include cement plant).
Using of Laser Scanners in Pavement Management
Authors: Decky Martin , Kovac Matus , Duris Lukas , Pisca Peter 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The presented article introduces the utilization of laser scanning technology in the field of pavement management (PM) systems. Thanks its many advantages that allow objectification of road surface characteristics in a more holistic and sophisticated way, right decision-making within the PM, both at the network and project level. Specifically, outputs from the installed road scanners, such as SRS, Trimble CX and Lynx SG1 Mobile Mapper, have been combined to improve the accuracy. There has been found data correlation dependence of the development of rut depth for non-rigid pavements by evaluation of data from measurements at the public transport stop Hurbanova in Žilina during the years 1994 to 2018.
Some Remarks on Registration Techniques of Point Clouds Obtained from Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Muszyński Zbigniew , Kujawa Paulina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a measurement technique used for many geodetic applications (such as determination of displacement and deformation of building objects or monitoring of engineering structures) as well as for non-geodetic applications (for example in forestry, archeology or geotechnics). Despite the high level of automation, the measurement with a laser scanner and the processing of the results consist of many stages and depend on many factors. The most important factors are: the features of measurement object (size, material, availability), required accuracy, speed of scanning, required scan density, type of reference frame, registration method, planned visualization, and 3D modelling method. In this article, the authors focused on the type of registration technique of point clouds obtained from TLS. The most popular strategies of registration were discussed. The practical application of the selected technique was presented on the example of measurement of the railway gauge of the viaduct. Due to the characteristic object (narrow and long railway line) and considering the local reference frame of point clouds as well as the need of minimization of the measurement time, the hybrid registration method in the nested variant was selected.