bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational redshift/blueshift of light emitted by geodesic test particles, frame-dragging and pericentre-shift effects, in the Kerr–Newman–de Sitter and Kerr–Newman black hole geometries
Authors: Kraniotis G. V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the redshift and blueshift of light emitted by timelike geodesic particles in orbits around a Kerr–Newman–(anti) de Sitter (KN(a)dS) black hole. Specifically we compute the redshift and blueshift of photons that are emitted by geodesic massive particles and travel along null geodesics towards a distant observer-located at a finite distance from the KN(a)dS black hole. For this purpose we use the killing-vector formalism and the associated first integrals-constants of motion. We consider in detail stable timelike equatorial circular orbits of stars and express their corresponding redshift/blueshift in terms of the metric physical black hole parameters (angular momentum per unit mass, mass, electric charge and the cosmological constant) and the orbital radii of both the emitter star and the distant observer. These radii are linked through the constants of motion along the null geodesics followed by the photons since their emission until their detection and as a result we get closed form analytic expressions for the orbital radius of the observer in terms of the emitter radius, and the black hole parameters. In addition, we compute exact analytic expressions for the frame dragging of timelike spherical orbits in the KN(a)dS spacetime in terms of multivariable generalised hypergeometric functions of Lauricella and Appell. We apply our exact solutions of timelike non-spherical polar KN geodesics for the computation of frame-dragging, pericentre-shift, orbital period for the orbits of S2 and S14 stars within the$$1^{\prime \prime }$$1″of SgrA*. We solve the conditions for timelike spherical orbits in KN(a)dS and KN spacetimes. We present new, elegant compact forms for the parameters of these orbits. Last but not least we derive a very elegant and novel exact formula for the periapsis advance for a test particle in a non-spherical polar orbit in KNdS black hole spacetime in terms of Jacobi’s elliptic function sn and Lauricella’s hypergeometric function$$F_D$$FD.
Connecting and linking neurocognitive, digital phenotyping, physiologic, psychophysical, neuroimaging, genomic, & sensor data with survey data
Authors: Knott Charles E. , Gomori Stephen , Ngyuen Mai , Pedrazzani Susan , Sattaluri Sridevi , Mierzwa Frank , Chantala Kim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCombining survey data with alternative data sources (e.g., wearable technology, apps, physiological, ecological monitoring, genomic, neurocognitive assessments, brain imaging, and psychophysical data) to paint a complete biobehavioral picture of trauma patients comes with many complex system challenges and solutions. Starting in emergency departments and incorporating these diverse, broad, and separate data streams presents technical, operational, and logistical challenges but allows for a greater scientific understanding of the long-term effects of trauma. Our manuscript describes incorporating and prospectively linking these multi-dimensional big data elements into a clinical, observational study at US emergency departments with the goal to understand, prevent, and predict adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) that affects over 40 million Americans annually. We outline key data-driven system challenges and solutions and investigate eligibility considerations, compliance, and response rate outcomes incorporating these diverse “big data” measures using integrated data-driven cross-discipline system architecture.
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СКЛАДУ ЕКСТЕМПОРАЛЬНОЇ СУСПЕНЗІЇ З ВІСМУТУ НІТРАТОМ ОСНОВНИМ ДЛЯ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ В ГАСТРОЕНТЕРОЛОГІЇ – ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ
Authors: Melnyk G. M. , Yarnykh T. G. , Yuryeva G. B. 
Published: February 2021

Мета роботи. Теоретичне обґрунтування удосконалення складу екстемпоральної суспензії з вісмуту нітратом основним для застосування в гастроентерології.
Матеріали та методи. Для пошуку інформації використано методи системного і порівняльного аналізу та бібліосемантичний метод вивчення сучасного погляду на фармакотерапію захворювань шлунково-кишкового тракту, зокрема виразкових хвороб, та використання вісмутовмісних препаратів для їх лікування.
Результати й обговорення. Розглянуто доцільність використання активних фармацевтичних інгредієнтів (вісмуту нітрату основного та аеросилу) у складі екстемпоральної суспензії. Аналіз літературних джерел показав, що вісмуту нітрат основний проявляє протизапальну, бактерицидну активність відносно Helicobacter pilory, а також судинозвужувальну дію; аеросил проявляє сорбційну та бактерицидну активність.
Висновки. Теоретично обґрунтовано удосконалення складу екстемпоральної суспензії з вісмуту нітратом основним для застосування в гастроентерології.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНТИМІКРОБНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ВОДНО-ЕТАНОЛЬНИХ ВИТЯГІВ іЗ ТРАВИ ГОРЛЯНКИ ПОВЗУЧОЇ (AJUGA REPTANS L.)
Authors: Maliuvanchuk S. V. , Kutsyk R. V. , Grytsyk A. R. 
Published: February 2021

Мета роботи. Визначення мікробіологічної чистоти трави горлянки повзучої та антимікробної активності водно-етанольних витягів трави горлянки повзучої відносно клінічних штамів умовно-патогенних бактерій та дріжджоподібних грибів.
Матеріали і методи. Об’єктом дослідження була антимікробна активність водно-етанольних витягів із трави горлянки повзучої, заготовленої в період масового цвітіння. Дослідження антимікробної активності екстрактів виконано на клінічних ізолятах антибіотикочутливих і антибіотикорезистентних мікроорганізмів. Бактеріальні культури ідентифікували за допомогою біохімічних мікротестів «STAPHYtest 16», «ENTEROtest 24», «NEFERMENTtest 24» (Lachema, Чехія), а також із врахуванням комплексу морфологічних і культуральних властивостей згідно з рекомендаціями 9-го видання «Визначника бактерій Берджі». Культури дріжджоподібних грибів ідентифікували на основі 40 біохімічних тестів за допомогою системи VITEK 2 з використанням VITEK 2 YST ID card (Biomerieux, Франція). Антимікробну дію витягів вивчали мікрометодом дифузії в агар.
Результати й обговорення. Проведено скринінг протимікробних властивостей для водно-етанольних витягів (40 %, 50 %, 70 %, 90 % об/об) трави горлянки повзучої та досліджено мікробіологічну чистоту рослинних витягів на 25 тест-штамах мікроорганізмів.
Висновки. Враховуючи результати досліджень, вважаємо перспективним детальніше вивчення витягів із трави горлянки повзучої на можливу антимікробну дію та проведення мікробіологічних досліджень для розширення асортименту антимікробних лікарських рослинних засобів.
South East Asia
Authors: Vu Hai Dang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In October 2019, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Telecommunication and Information Technology Ministers adopted the ASEAN Guidelines for Strengthening Resilience and Repair of Submarine Cables. This instrument represents an important increase in awareness by the Association of the importance of a swift process for authorising the repair of submarine cables. This article suggests the next steps to be taken by ASEAN to improve the process of granting permits for repairing submarine cables in ASEAN Member States.
The Legacy of Zhou Enlai’s Diplomacy: Beyond a Memory
Authors: Li Wang , Fan Yaotian 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Zhou Enlai held the first Premiership of China from 1949, and was the chief executive of Chinese diplomacy until 1976. He set out the communist ideology and the doctrine of realpolitik in light of a calculation between core interests and a flexible approach to the issues. He opined that diplomacy remained a constructive means, even though no immediate fruits were present. Zhou’s negotiating calibre was noted at the Geneva Conference (1954), his persuasive tactics were proven at the Bandung Conference (1955) and his pragmatic approach was recognised during his safari in Africa (1963-1964). This article explores how Zhou convinced his foreign counterparts that China had no intention of challenging the status quo while pursuing its legitimate rights in the world order. Given this, Zhou’s legacy should serve as a policy guide as well as a personal eulogy for the peaceful rise of China today.
Ṭabūn, Tannūr or Mustawqad? Fire Devices and Their Use in the Early Islamic Period
Authors: Nol Hagit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ovens, hearths and furnaces were used by early Islamic societies for baking, cooking, and the production of various artefacts. The archaeological evidence from one research area in central Israel, from the seventh–eleventh centuries, accordingly presents a variety of fire installations. This paper offers an interpretation of their function through the analyses of terminology in contemporary texts, ethno-archaeological data, and spatial relations in the archaeological record. The paper suggests that domestic baking and cooking left almost no remains in the archaeological context. Instead, fire installations in the research area were almost exclusively related to crafts.
Gazing in the Eyes of the Martyrs: Four Theories of South Asian Shiʿi Visuality
Authors: Ruffle Karen G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This essay presents an extended theoretical reflection on how South Asian Shiʿa visually engage with image-objects, notably the metal standard (ʿalam), and replica of Imam Husayn’s Karbala shrine-tomb (taʿziya). I present four theoretical lenses to theorize South Asian Shiʿi visual interactions: 1. Image acts; 2. Objects as assemblages imbued with thing power; 3. Images as focal objects of reciprocal gazing, and 4. The intersensorial nature of image-objects.
Association of Mast Cell Burden and TIM-3 Expression with Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Belsky Michael A. , Corredera Erica , Banerjee Hridesh , Moore John , Wang Li , Kane Lawrence P. , Lee Stella E. 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: Previous work showed that higher polyp mast cell load correlated with worse postoperative endoscopic appearance in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Polyp epithelial mast cells showed increased expression of T-cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (TIM-3), a receptor that promotes mast cell activation and cytokine production. In this study, CRSwNP patients were followed post-operatively to investigate whether mast cell burden or TIM-3 expression among mast cells can predict recalcitrant disease. Methods: Nasal polyp specimens were obtained via functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and separated into epithelial and stromal layers via enzymatic digestion. Mast cells and TIM-3-expressing mast cells were identified via flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney U tests and Cox proportional hazard models assessed whether mast cell burden and TIM-3 expression were associated with clinical outcomes, including earlier recurrence of polypoid edema and need for treatment with steroids. Results: Twenty-three patients with CRSwNP were studied and followed for 6 months after undergoing FESS. Higher mast cell levels were associated with earlier recurrence of polypoid edema: epithelial HR = 1.283 ( P = .02), stromal HR = 1.103 ( P = .02). Percent of mast cells expressing TIM-3 in epithelial or stromal layers was not significantly associated with earlier recurrence of polypoid edema. Mast cell burden and TIM-3+ expression were not significantly associated with need for future treatment with steroids post-FESS. Conclusions: Mast cell load in polyp epithelium and stroma may predict a more refractory postoperative course for CRSwNP patients. The role of TIM-3 in the chronic inflammatory state seen in CRSwNP remains unclear.
Why Are Older Adults More at Risk as Pedestrians? A Systematic Review
Authors: Wilmut Kate , Purcell Catherine 
Published: February 2021

Objective To explore factors that could explain why older adults are more at risk at the roadside. Background The physical and psychological health benefits of walking have been well-established, leading to the widespread promotion of walking amongst older adults. However, walking can result in an increased risk of injury as a pedestrian at the roadside, which is a greater risk for older adults who are overrepresented in pedestrian casualty figures. Method Relevant databases were searched up to January 2020. All peer-reviewed journals that presented data on healthy older adults and some aspect of road crossing or roadside behavior were included. A total of 142 papers were assessed and 60 met the inclusion criteria. Results Identified papers could be grouped into three areas: crossing at a designated crossing place; crossing with no designated crossing place; perceptions or behaviors. Conclusion Multiple individual (attitudes, perceived behavioral control, walking time, time-to-arrival judgments, waiting endurance, cognitive ability), task (vehicle size, vehicle speed, traffic volume), and environmental (road layout, time of day, weather) constraints influence road crossing in older adulthood. Application Accessibility of designated crossing areas needs to be addressed by ensuring sufficient time to cross and nonrestrictive waiting times. Signalized crossings need to be simplified and visibility increased. Where there is no designated crossing place, a reduction in speed limit alongside the provision of pedestrian islands to provide “pause” places are needed. Educational-based programs may also help ensure safety of older adults where there is no designated crossing place.
Econometric Analysis of Total Factor Productivity in India
Authors: Malik Mushtaq Ahmad , Masood Tariq , Sheikh Mehraj Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

This article attempts to investigate the potential relationship and significance of various determinants of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in India for the 1980–2016 time period. Specifically, this is achieved in two stages. In the first, the standard growth accounting approach is used to measure the changes in TFP. Then, the main model for establishing the determinants of TFP growth is estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Our results suggest that inflation and financial development have a statistically positive impact on TFP. Foreign direct investment, imports, and capital formation are found to have a positive but insignificant impact on the TFP. On the other hand, exports, government size, and natural calamities have a statistically negative impact on TFP. Therefore, in order to accelerate the TFP, governments and policymakers need to design and implement policies to increase financial access to the private sector, while maintaining price stability; exports of high-value products; and increased economic integration in the global economy to benefit from foreign investment flows, which brings in new technology. JEL Classification: O4, O40, O47
The Personal Sociability and Connections Scale (PeSCS): Development and initial assessment at a primary care facility
Authors: Symvoulakis Emmanouil K , Linardakis Manolis , Kamekis Apostolos , Morgan Myfanwy , Klinis Spyridon 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: An individual’s lack of social connections and social isolation is often associated with feelings of loneliness which is regarded as having a negative effect on health. This paper describes the development and assessment of a 10 item ‘Personal Sociability and Connections Scale’ (PeSCS) to measure individual’s disposition and accompanying skills to seek out companionship and engage in interpersonal relations. Methods: The study was conducted at a rural primary care unit in Northern Greece. A total of 199 attenders were recruited over a 6-week period in 2020 and questionnaires completed. This informed the 10-items PeSCS that comprises Social, Behavioral, and Emotional components focusing on the expression of social comfort, willingness to share experiences, stories and concepts, and feelings of similarity at first contact. Reliability of the PeSC scale was assessed and the relationship with scale scores examined as an indicator of convergent validity. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship of PeSC scale score with the characteristics of participants. Results: Assessment of reliability of PeSC scale produced a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.809. The relationship between components and the total PeSCS scores identified significant correlations ( p < .001). At a multivariate level, male gender was the sample characteristic with a significant association with scale levels ( p < .05) and higher annual income with Social component ( p < .05). Otherwise the distribution of sociability dispositions was similar across population groups. Conclusion: The 10-item PeSC scale forms a simple and quick to complete measure whose overall reliability was rated as ‘meritorious’. The PeSC instrument may be a useful tool for assessing the causes and appropriate responses to the negative health effects of loneliness and social isolation.
Animal models for cystic fibrosis: a systematic search and mapping review of the literature. Part 2: nongenetic models
Authors: Leenaars Cathalijn HC , Vries Rob BM de , Reijmer Joey , Holthaus David , Visser Damian , Heming Anna , Elzinga Janneke , Kempkes Rosalie WM , Beumer Wouter , Punt Carine , Meijboom Franck LB , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel 
Published: February 2021

Various animal models are available to study cystic fibrosis (CF). These models may help to enhance our understanding of the pathology and contribute to the development of new treatments. We systematically searched all publications on CF animal models. Because of the large number of models retrieved, we split this mapping review into two parts. Previously, we presented the genetic CF animal models. In this paper we present the nongenetic CF animal models. While genetic animal models may, in theory, be preferable for genetic diseases, the phenotype of a genetic model does not automatically resemble human disease. Depending on the research question, other animal models may thus be more informative. We searched Pubmed and Embase and identified 12,303 unique publications (after duplicate removal). All references were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. The genetic animal models for CF (from 636 publications) were previously described. The non-genetic CF models (from 189 publications) are described in this paper, grouped by model type: infection-based, pharmacological, administration of human materials, xenografts and other. As before for the genetic models, an overview of basic model characteristics and outcome measures is provided. This CF animal model overview can be the basis for an objective, evidence-based model choice for specific research questions. Besides, it can help to retrieve relevant background literature on outcome measures of interest.
Patterns of injury following equine trauma: a non-trauma centre experience
Authors: Dick Lachlan , Yule Michael , Green James , Young Jamie 
Published: February 2021

Introduction Horse riding carries risk of injury which can result in fatality. The majority of published literature describes major trauma centre experience. We aimed to characterise injury patterns following equine trauma at a Scottish district general hospital. Methods A retrospective review of admissions following equine trauma was undertaken from 2014 to 2019. Mechanism and nature of injuries were noted. Patient management and outcomes were recorded and analysed to determine correlation. Results Of the 162 patients identified, 121 (74.7 per cent) were female. The commonest mechanism and injury sustained were falling from a horse (86.4 per cent) and head injury (17.9 per cent) respectively. Forty-four (27.2 per cent) had multiple injuries identified. Being crushed or kicked resulted in more abdominal visceral injuries (22.7 vs 0.7 per cent, p = <0.05) and ITU admissions (18.2 vs 6.4 per cent, p = 0.06) when compared with falling from alone. Eight (4.9 per cent) required transfer to a major trauma centre and 30-day mortality was 0.6 per cent. Conclusion Although variable, injuries following equine trauma can be life threatening. Increased awareness and development of safety legislation is needed. In addition, research could be directed at assessing functional outcomes given the large number of orthopaedic injuries.
Catatonia in the medically ill: Differences and parallels in etiology, phenomenology and management
Authors: Espi Forcen Fernando , Respino Matteo , Eloge Joshua , Baldwin Meghan , Burns Katrina , Patron Victor , Hebert Charles 
Published: February 2021

Objective Catatonia is a disorder characterized by psychomotor symptoms. The etiology, symptomatology, response and outcome of catatonia in the medically ill has not been vigorously studied. Those who have catatonia associated with another mental disorder versus. catatonic disorder due to another medical condition may differ. The aim of this study is to study the causes, phenomenology and outcomes of medically ill patients with catatonia and explore differences among those who have catatonia associated with psychiatric illness vs. systemic medical illness. Method We studied the incidence of catatonic symptoms in medically hospitalized patients to identify any apparent differences in clinical manifestations due to distinctive etiologies. Specifically, we assessed if there are differences between those who had catatonia associated with another mental disorder versus those with catatonic disorder due to another medical condition in their phenomenology, management and likelihood of response to treatment. Results Of our 40 patients, 18 patients (45%) had catatonia associated with another mental disorder, 17 (42.5%) had catatonic disorder due to another medical condition, and in 5 patients (12.5%) the cause of catatonia was not identified. The most common catatonic symptoms regardless of etiology in our medically ill were mutism, followed by rigidity, and immobility. Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, metabolic abnormalities, anti NMDAR encephalitis were the most frequent causes of catatonia in our medically ill patients. Compared to subjects with catatonic disorder due to another medical condition, those with catatonia associated with another mental disorder had more frequent mannerisms (Chi-square = 4.27; p = 0.039), waxy flexibility (Chi-square = 11.0; p < 0.01), and impulsivity (Chi-square = 4.12, p = 0.042). Nonsignificant trends were noted for posturing (Chi-square = 3.74, p = 0.053), perseveration (Chi-square = 3.37, p = 0.067), and stereotypy (Chi-square = 2.91, p = 0.088) also being more frequent in catatonia associated with a psychiatric cause. Discussion Our data supports phenomenological differences between medical and psychiatric causes of catatonia in the medically ill.