bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced extreme learning machine‐based ensemble classification scheme with enhanced data perturbation for human DNA sequences
Authors: Janakiraman Sengathir , Deva Priya Maruthakutty 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe dramatic growth in machine learning has brought in significant features and quantified non‐linear associations in the data derived from sensitive medical datasets. The data should be preserved without influencing the associated classifications by applying a robust, effective and reliable data perturbation technique before enforcing ensemble classification. In this paper, an Integrated Condensation Scheme imposed Privacy Preserving Rotation‐based Data Perturbation and Ensemble Classification (ICS‐PPR‐DPEC) is proposed for ensuring privacy of such sensitive data. Condensation Algorithm‐based Data Perturbation is used for constructing homogenous groups determined from the distance between tuples. It also generates a rotation matrix for conducting perturbation that ensures higher data sensitivity protection before it is sent for classification. Advanced Extreme Learning Machine‐based Ensemble Classification Scheme includes kernel, norm‐optimized and regularized Extreme Learning Machine (ELM)‐based classifiers for attaining predominant classification accuracy in identifying human DNA sequences. This approach facilitates classification by constructing ensembles which are trained through randomly resampled ELM classifiers. It includes an objective function that systematically improves the accuracy and diversity among resulting ensembles. The experimental results of the proposed ICS‐PPR‐DPEC are found to be excellent in terms of classification Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and Kappa statistic when compared to the benchmarked techniques.
Hybrid intelligent technology for plant health using the fusion of evolutionary optimization and deep neural networks
Authors: Al‐bayati Jalal Sadoon Hameed , Üstündağ Burak Berk 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, plant leaf disease identification has been an efficient research subject. In connection with this interest, deep learning architectures show a remarkable era in various fields of image processing and computer vision, including image classification, function detection, and image pattern recognition. In this study, we examine many aspects of convolutional neural networks for image pattern recognition. We examine the early and late fusion of multiple pattern recognition classifiers using various plant leaves. Commonly, it considers disease discovery with the diagnostic technologies available. In standard cases, planters usually do not discover the disease. Therefore, plant leaf disease detection is a significant research problem, and one of their goals is to uncover an effective way to identify leaf image disease. The article has made a potential effort to find a process that should be able to expose plant leaf disease using early and late fusion of two classifiers: modified Optimized Deep Neural Network (ODNN) with different parameters of evolutionary optimization of Grasshopper algorithm (GOA), Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that could support the system to achieve excellent performance. Classification quality parameters are determined, and research to explain the validation of the model has been carried out.
Taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland birds along an urbanization gradient in a tropical megacity
Authors: Marcacci Gabriel , Westphal Catrin , Wenzel Arne , Raj Varsha , Nölke Nils , Tscharntke Teja , Grass Ingo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUrbanization is a major driver of land use change and biodiversity decline. While most of the ongoing and future urbanization hotspots are located in the Global South, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural biodiversity and associated functions and services in these regions has widely been neglected. Additionally, most studies assess biodiversity responses at local scale (α‐diversity), however, ecosystem functioning is strongly determined by compositional and functional turnover of communities (β‐diversity) at regional scales. We investigated taxonomic and functional β‐diversity of farmland birds across three seasons on 36 vegetable farms spread along a continuous urbanization gradient in Bangalore, a South Indian megacity. Increasing amount of grey area in the farm surroundings was the dominant driver affecting β‐diversity and resulting in taxonomic and functional homogenization of farmland bird communities. Functional diversity losses were higher than expected from species declines (i.e., urbanization acts as an environmental filter), with particular losses of functionally important groups such as insectivores of crop pests. Moreover, urbanization reduced functional redundancy of bird communities, which may further weaken ecosystems resilience to future perturbations. Our study underscores urbanization as a major driver of taxonomic and functional homogenization of species communities in agricultural systems, potentially threatening crucial ecosystem services for food production.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of acquired haemophilia A in Korea
Authors: Hyun Shin Young , Shin Ho‐Jin , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Moon Joon Ho , Han Jae Joon , Yang Deok‐Hwan , Lee Won Sik , Bang Soo‐Mee , Yhim Ho‐Young , Kim Sung‐Hyun , Oh Doyeun , Do Young Rok , Park Yong , Choi Chul Won , Lee Je‐Hwan , Jang Ji Eun , Kim Soo‐Jeong , Hwang Doh Yu , Kim Jin Seok 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionAcquired haemophilia A (AHA) treatment involves the haemostatic treatment for acute haemorrhage and immunosuppressive therapy (IST) to eradicate FVIII inhibitory antibodies.AimWe assessed the clinical features of AHA and analysed treatment outcomes in Korea. We further identified prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes.MethodsMedical records of 55 patients with AHA from 18 institutions were reviewed retrospectively. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to elucidate clinical factors affecting the achievement of complete remission (CR). The primary endpoint was time to CR after IST, and secondary endpoints were time to haemostasis, the achievement of CR, and overall survival (OS).ResultsAmong the 55 patients, 50 (91%) had bleeding symptoms. Bleeding was severe in 74% of patients. Thirty‐six (72%) patients received haemostatic therapy. Of the 42 patients who received IST, 23 (52%) received steroid alone, with a 52% response rate, and 10 (25%) received a combination of steroid and cyclophosphamide, with an 83% response rate. Five (16%) patients relapsed after a median duration of 220 days. There were eight deaths. In the Cox regression analysis, the FVIII inhibitor titre ≥ 20 BU/mL was the only significant prognostic factor affecting time to CR and haemostasis. No significant difference was observed in OS based on the inhibitor titre.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated the demographic data of AHA in Korea and showed that FVIII inhibitory antibody titre was a predictor of time to achieve CR after IST.
Identifying patterns in unplanned hospital admissions during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Goel Vishal , Chan R. Kimberley , Smibert Olivia C. , Holmes Natasha E. , Marhoon Nada , Bach Cindy‐Anne T. , Trubiano Jason A. , Jones Nicholas R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCountries with a high prevalence of COVID‐19 have identified a reduction in crude hospital admission rates for non‐COVID‐19 conditions during the pandemic. There remains a paucity of such data from lower prevalence countries, including Australia.AimsTo describe the patterns of unplanned hospital daily admission rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a major Australian metropolitan hospital, with a focus on acute medical presentations including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke and falls.MethodsThis single‐centre retrospective analysis analysed hospital admission episodes between 1 March and 30 April 2020 (COVID‐19‐era) and compared this to a historical cohort during the same period between 2017 and 2019 (pre‐COVID‐19). Information collected included total admission rates and patient characteristics for ACS, stroke and falls patients.ResultsA total of 12 278 unplanned admissions was identified across the study period. The daily admission rate was lower in the COVID‐19‐era compared with pre‐COVID‐19 (46.59 vs 51.56 days, P < 0.001). There was also a reduced average daily admission rate for falls (7.79 vs 9.95 days, P < 0.001); however, similar admission rates for ACS (1.52 vs 1.49 days, P = 0.83) and stroke (1.56 vs 1.76 days, P = 0.33).ConclusionsPublic health interventions have been effective in reducing domestic cases of COVID‐19 in Australia. At our tertiary metropolitan hospital, we have observed a significant reduction in unplanned hospital admission rates during the COVID‐19‐era, particularly for falls. Public health messaging needs to focus on educating the public how to seek medical care safely and promptly in the context of the ongoing COVID‐19 crisis.
Fact versus fiction: bridging contrasting medicinal cannabis information needs
Authors: Philip Jennifer , Panozzo Stacey , Collins Anna , Weil Jennifer , Whyte Jan , Barton Michael , Coperchini Maria , Rametta Meri , Le Brian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRegulatory changes now permit the availability and prescribing of medicinal cannabis in Australia. Public awareness and patient interest are high. Using a co‐design approach involving cancer patients, carers and oncology and palliative care clinicians, two information resources were developed to provide readily available sources of important information for cancer patients and clinicians who are considering the use of medicinal cannabis. Focus groups and evaluation interviews revealed some areas of dissonance between consumers and clinicians concerning aspects of medicinal cannabis.
Lues venerea at Warrane, Sydney Cove 1788–1828
Authors: Short Bruce H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHistorical writings of the growth of the Colony at Sydney Cove, Warrane, offered limited insight into the deprivations endured by sufferers of the 18th century canker, lues venerea, syphilis. Despite Governor Arthur Phillip's well‐meaning precautions, the disease effortlessly accompanied the First Fleet, rapidly spread among the Colonial inhabitants and very soon spilled over to the indigenous Cadigal clansmen. Sporadic reporting by early Sydney diarists delineated the unstoppable course of the advancing affliction.
Underutilised human immunodeficiency virus testing in the setting of invasive pneumococcal disease
Authors: Punton Hannah , Cisera Kathryn , Ojaimi Samar , Woolley Ian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We assessed whether patients with invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae, in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, underwent HIV serology testing over a 5‐year period. We found that only 39 inpatients out of 156 (25%) with IPD were tested for HIV and thus conclude that such testing is not being undertaken according to some guidelines in patients with IPD. Education and implementation strategies are required to increase testing.
High‐temperature fatigue crack propagation mechanism of orthogonal 3‐D woven amorphous SiC Fiber/SiC/YSi2‐Si matrix composites
Authors: Kanazawa Shingo , Yamazaki Naoki , Asakura Yuki , Kubushiro Keiji , Ogasawara Toshio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo elucidate degradation mechanisms attributable to high‐temperature fatigue crack propagation, a study was conducted of 3‐D woven SiCf/SiC CMC in which amorphous SiC fiber was used as a reinforcement material and in which a matrix was formed through low‐temperature melt infiltration. From a high‐temperature fatigue test conducted at 1373 K in the atmosphere with stress of 142 MPa or more, the fracture lifetime of newly developed SiCf/SiC CMC was found to be longer than that of SiCf/SiC CMC, which uses crystalline SiC fiber. Furthermore, repeatedly applying high temperatures during high‐temperature fatigue tests and using X‐ray computed tomography, fatigue cracks were found to propagate in a direction across 0‐degree fiber bundles that undergo stress. Electron mapping of regions with crack propagation revealed that oxidation eliminates boron nitride (BN), which has a crack deflection effect. The SiC fibers and matrix are fixed through the formation of oxides. Cracks propagate because of the consequent decrease in toughness of the SiCf/SiC CMC. In regions without crack propagation, fracture surfaces were not covered with oxides. These regions underwent forcible fracture in the final stage of the high‐temperature fatigue tests. From the test results presented above, SiCf/SiC CMC is considered to undergo fracture when the effective cross‐sectional area is reduced because of crack propagation accompanying oxidation and when the test load exceeds the tensile strength of the residual cross‐sectional area. However, some cracks in the matrix produced by a low‐temperature melt infiltration process were closed by oxides derived from YSi2. Because of crack closing, crack propagation is presumed to be avoided. Also, LMI‐CMC showed excellent high‐temperature fatigue properties at pressures higher than 150 MPa, which exceeds the proportional limit.
Physiological stress responses to inequality across income groups in a virtual society
Authors: Ryan Megan , Muldoon Orla T. , Gallagher Stephen , Jetten Jolanda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA growing body of research suggests that inequality can be stressful for all within a society. We consider this assertion by exploring whether there is evidence of physiological stress responses to different income and inequality conditions in a hypothetical society. The combined effect of inequality for different income groups on cardiovascular reactivity was assessed while participants engaged in purchasing decisions. The study included 102 participants, 84 of which had full data for analyses (42 male, 41 female, 1 unspecified). The average age was 23 years. A 3 × 2 design manipulated both inequality (stable, increasing, and decreasing) and income (high and low). Cardiovascular reactivity was operationalized as change in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP; diastolic and systolic) responses at the end of the purchasing task compared with baseline. Although there was no direct association between income, inequality, and BP, results indicated that low‐income participants had the higher HR reactivity to stable inequality compared with increasing inequality. These findings indicate that inequality has the hallmarks of a stressor; this is contingent on the type of inequality. This suggests that inequality itself may be detrimental to future health via the stress pathway. These findings highlight that the nature of inequality, increasing, decreasing, or stable is relevant to its impact and that these impacts of inequality may extend to the biological.
Smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the Nrf2 pathway: In vitro and animal studies
Authors: Ye Pei , Chen Wei , Huang Fan , Liu Qin , Zhu Ya‐Nan , Wang Xiang , Han Xiao‐Dong , Wang Wen‐Mei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSmoking and Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection are risk factors for many oral diseases. Several studies have reported a close relationship between smoking and the occurrence of C. albicans infection. However, the exact underlying mechanism of this relationship remains unclear. We established a rat infection model and a C. albicans‐Leuk1 epithelial cell co‐culture model with and without smoke exposure to investigate the mechanism by which smoking contributes to C. albicans infection. Oral mucosa samples from healthy individuals and patients with oral leucoplakia were also analysed according to their smoking status. Our results indicated that smoking induced oxidative stress and redox dysfunction in the oral mucosa. Smoking‐induced Nrf2 negatively regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, impaired the oral mucosal defence response and increased the oral mucosa susceptibility to C. albicans. The results suggest that the Nrf2 pathway could be involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases by mediating an antioxidative response to cigarette smoke exposure and suppressing host immunity against C. albicans.
Induction of specific brain oscillations may restore neural circuits and be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chan D. , Suk H.‐J. , Jackson B. , Milman N. P. , Stark D. , Beach S. D. , Tsai L.‐H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBrain oscillations underlie the function of our brains, dictating how we both think and react to the world around us. The synchronous activity of neurons generates these rhythms, which allow different parts of the brain to communicate and orchestrate responses to internal and external stimuli. Perturbations of cognitive rhythms and the underlying oscillator neurons that synchronize different parts of the brain contribute to the pathophysiology of diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy and other diseases of rhythm that have been studied extensively by Gyorgy Buzsaki. In this review, we discuss how neurologists manipulate brain oscillations with neuromodulation to treat diseases and how this can be leveraged to improve cognition and pathology underlying AD. While multiple modalities of neuromodulation are currently clinically indicated for some disorders, nothing is yet approved for improving memory in AD. Recent investigations into novel methods of neuromodulation show potential for improving cognition in memory disorders. Here, we demonstrate that neuronal stimulation using audiovisual sensory stimulation that generated 40‐HZ gamma waves reduced AD‐specific pathology and improved performance in behavioural tests in mouse models of AD, making this new mode of neuromodulation a promising new avenue for developing a new therapeutic intervention for the treatment of dementia.
Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral artery disease in a population with chronic kidney disease in Australia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ho Chau L. B. , Chih Hui J. , Garimella Pranav S. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Jansen Shirley , Reid Christopher M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is a lack of clarity and guidance for screening peripheral artery disease (PAD) in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) despite this group being at excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this current study, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the prevalence and risk factors for PAD in persons with CKD in Australian cohorts. We used the inverse variance heterogeneity meta‐analysis with double arcsine transformation to summarize the prevalence of PAD (with 95% CIs). Nine studies and 18 reports from the Australia and New Zealand dialysis and transplant registry with 36 cohorts were included in the review. We found a substantially higher PAD prevalence in cohorts based on an ankle‐brachial index (ABI) or toe systolic pressure (TBI) than cohorts based on self‐reported history. Higher PAD prevalence was observed in ESKD persons than CKD persons without dialysis (PAD diagnosis based on ABI or TBI: 31% in ESKD persons and 23% in CKD persons, PAD diagnosis based on self‐reported history: 17% in ESKD persons and 10% in CKD persons). Older age, Caucasian race, cerebrovascular disease and haemodialysis were associated with the presence of PAD in ESKD persons. Our findings indicated a considerable proportion of PAD in CKD and ESKD persons particularly in those with ESKD. To develop and provide an adequate plan to clinically manage CKD patients with PAD, evidence of cost‐effectiveness and clinical benefit of early detection of PAD in persons with CKD in Australia is recommended for future studies.
Beyond technology, drips, and machines: Moral distress in PICU nurses caring for end‐of‐life patients
Authors: Gagnon Michelle , Kunyk Diane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMoral distress is an experience of profound moral compromise with deeply impactful and potentially long‐term consequences to the individual. Critical care areas are fraught with ethical issues, and end‐of‐life care has been associated with numerous incidences of moral distress among nurses. One such area where the dichotomy of life and death seems to be at its sharpest is in the pediatric intensive care unit. The purpose of this study was to understand the moral distress experiences of pediatric intensive care nurses when caring for pediatric patients at the end of life. A secondary analysis was undertaken of seven transcripts from registered nurses across six Canadian pediatric intensive care units and produced three themes: under prioritization of child patient dignity, burden of insider knowledge, and environmental constraints on nursing roles and responsibilities. When caring for patients at the end of life, nurses experienced moral distress when a dignified death was not realized. Furthermore, despite interprofessional collaboration efforts in Canada, the concept of silo mentality persists and contributes to moral distress. Organizational involvement is needed to address moral distress in pediatric intensive care nurses both to achieve a dignified death for child patients and in addressing silo mentality.
Elemental diet therapy for eosinophilic gastroenteritis and dietary habits
Authors: Higuchi Tsukasa , Tokunaga Mai , Murai Takemi , Takeuchi Kouichi , Nakayama Yoshiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID) are a group of conditions with increased eosinophilic infiltration in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Although an allergic reaction to certain foods is considered the main cause of EGID, their detailed pathomechanism has not yet been elucidated, nor have proper management strategies been fully established. Moreover, some patients with intractable EGID are resistant to such therapies as an empirical elimination diet and corticosteroids.MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the medical records of four children with intractable eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) managed with elemental diet therapy (EDT) using an amino acid‐based formula.ResultsAll patients displayed resolution of their symptoms after 2 weeks of EDT. Three patients successfully completed food reintroduction and could return to their normal life. No adverse events related to EDT were recorded.ConclusionsElemental diet therapy appears effective and safe for treating pediatric intractable EGE symptoms. Afterwards, the patient’s dietary habits should be considered during carefully monitored food reintroduction. With the relatively small number of published case reports and no randomized trials, more study is needed on EDT for EGE.