bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of surgical dissections on blood flow to the tibial tubercle
Authors: Kanamiya Takeshi , Naito Masatoshi , Ikari Nobuhiro , Hara Michiya 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTibial tubercle transfer is often used for the treatment of patella maltracking. Because the periosteum of both sides of the tibia is stripped off along the tibial tubercle and then the bilateral cortices are transferred, this procedure may disturb the blood supply to the tibial tubercle. However, the blood supply to the tibial tubercle has not yet been clearly elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of surgical dissection on blood flow to the tibial tubercle in an animal model using a hydrogen washout technique. Eleven knees of nine mongrel dogs weighing from 7.0 to 19.1 kg were utilized. The blood flow was measured using a hydrogen washout technique. Before performing the surgical procedures, the control blood flow rate of the tibial tubercle averaged 19.6 ml/min per 100 g of tissue. The blood flow rate did not significantly decrease after transecting the periosteum on the lateral side of the tibia alone (P > 0.05). After completing the tibial tubercle osteotomy, the blood flow rate averaged 11.5 ml/min per 100 g of tissue, which is a 25.3% decrease as compared with the value after transecting the periosteum on the lateral side of the tibia alone (P < 0.05). The blood flow rate significantly decreased to 3.4 ml/min per 100 g of tissue after the distal periosteal transection and osteotomy of the distal cortex of the tibial tubercle (P < 0.05). The addition of a medial periosteal transection caused a complete arrest of the blood flow in 10 out of 11 knees, or a 91.2% decrease as compared with the value after a distal periosteal transection and osteotomy of the distal cortex of the tibial tubercle (P < 0.05). © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Activation of oncogenic pathways in degenerating neurons in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Zhu Xiongwei , Raina Arun K. , Boux Heather , Simmons Zachary L. , Takeda Atsushi , Smith Mark A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA number of recent findings have highlighted the similarities between neurogenesis during development and neurodegeneration during Alzheimer disease. In fact, neuronal populations that are known to degenerate in Alzheimer disease exhibit phenotypic changes characteristic of cells re‐entering the cell division cycle. In this study, we extended these findings by investigating components of the cell cycle, known to trigger progression through G1 through activation of signal transduction cascades. Specifically, we found that proteins implicated in G1 transition, namely Cdc42/Rac, are upregulated in select neuronal populations in cases of Alzheimer disease in comparison to age‐matched controls. Importantly, Cdc42/Rac shows considerable overlap with early cytoskeletal abnormalities suggesting that these changes are an extremely proximal event in the pathogenesis of the disease. Given the functional role of Cdc42/Rac in various cellular processes known to be perturbed in Alzheimer disease, namely cytoskeletal organization, oxidative balance, and oncogenic signaling, it is likely that increased neuronal Cdc42/Rac is highly significant in relation to the pathogenic process and contributes to neuronal degeneration. In fact, these findings suggest that Alzheimer disease is an oncogenic process.
An animal model for the study of the genetic bases of behaviour in men: the multiple marker strains (MMS)
Authors: Clément Y. , Lepicard E. , Chapouthier G. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAnimal models are often used for preclinical research on the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Whereas many are employed to screen new therapeutic agents, few of them are used to study the genetic bases of psychiatric diseases, probably because of the complex genetic determinism underlying quantitative behavioral traits such as mood, personality or intelligence. The present article presents a short review introducing an analysis model using mi the marker strains model. Using this model it is possible both to display genetic determinism data and to locate some of the chromosomal fragments involved in the regulation of anxiogenic processes. At present it cannot accurately determine the position of one or more genes, but it does provide a valuable means of ‘scanning’ the genome for an approximation. Through genetic analysis, using the model, an attempt will be made to identify autosomal fragments which may be involved in two behavioural traits: anxiety and chemical-induced seizures. In this paper, after reviewing theoretical aspects of looking for genes involved in behaviour, we will successively introduce studies in genetic topics in psychiatric human studies as well as appropriated behavioural animal studies. Then we will present a genetic model in mice which allows us to locate chromosomal fragments associated with a behavioural trait: multiple marker strains.
Predictive factors of chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in rape victims
Authors: Darves-Bornoz JM , Lépine JP , Choquet M , Berger C , Degiovanni A , Gaillard P 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the psychological disorders following rape as well as the course of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and to determine clinical factors predictive of chronic PTSD. Seventy-three rape victims were observed in a systematic follow-up study over 1 year following rape using structured interview schedules. The frequency of PTSD was massive. The early disorders predicting PTSD 1 year after rape included somatoform and dissociative disorders, agoraphobia and specific phobias as well as depressive and gender identity disorders and alcohol abuse. Through stepwise logistic regressions, the following were found to be good models of prediction of chronic PTSD 1 year after rape: for the characteristics of the traumas, intrafamily rape, being physically assaulted outside rape, and added physical violence during rape; for the early psychological and behavioural attitudes, low self-esteem, permanent feelings of emptiness and running away; and for early mental disorders, agoraphobia and depressive disorders. Finally, among all these predictive factors, added physical violence during rape, low self-esteem, permanent feelings of emptiness and agoraphobia were shown to constitute a strong model of predictors. People presenting features such as the predictive factors of chronic PTSD found in the study should be asked about a history of rape and symptoms of PTSD.
Two Models of In‐Service Training to Improve Midwifery Skills: How Well do They Work?
Authors: McDermott Jeanne , Beck Diana , Buffington Sandra Tebben , Annas Janne , Supratikto Gunawan , Prenggono Darwin , Ekonomi Dra. M. F. Sri , Achadi Endang 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis program evaluation compared the knowledge, confidence, and skills of Indonesian village midwives who attended an intensive in‐service training with midwives who received an internship program and midwives who attended no program. The five key skills compared were prevention of infection, use of the partograph, manual removal of placenta, bimanual uterine compression, and neonatal resuscitation. Midwives from the intensive in‐service that combined competency–based skill training with peer review and continuing education scored higher on the knowledge test and demonstration of the five key skills and reported managing complications better than mid‐wives who attended no training program. Midwives from the internship program scored intermediate between the intensively trained and the untrained midwives. Overall, skill scores were 71% for midwives in the intensive program, 62% for the interns, and 51% for midwives with no in‐service training. Village midwives from the intensive program scored significantly higher in the practical demonstration of manual removal of placenta, bimanual compression, and neonatal resuscitation than the interns, but the scores on infection prevention and use of the partograph were not different between the two groups. Differences in the volume of training opportunities between the two programs could be responsible for the different outcomes.
Sampled‐data filter design for large‐scale interconnected systems with sensor fault and missing measurements
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Sweetha Senthilrathnam , Tharanidharan Vasudevan , Harshavarthini Shanmugam 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis article focuses on a decentralized sampled‐data filter design for a class of large‐scale interconnected systems. Precisely in the addressed system, the inevitable factors such as missing measurements, time‐varying delays, randomly occurring uncertainties, and impulsive effects are taken into consideration. Also, we incorporated the gain perturbations and sensor faults in the proposed filter design. Furthermore, a new set of sufficient criterion has been derived by choosing an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional that ensures the asymptotic stability of the resulting augmented filtering error system with the prescribed mixed H∞ and passive performance index. Specifically, the corresponding filter gain matrices are derived by solving the developed sufficient criterion formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed filter design technique are then exemplified by two numerical examples with simulations.
Modulating the Bioactivity of Mucin Hydrogels with Crosslinking Architecture
Authors: Jiang Kun , Yan Hongji , Rickert Carolin , Marczynski Matthias , Sixtensson Kajsa , Vilaplana Francisco , Lieleg Oliver , Crouzier Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHydrogels made of crosslinked macromolecules used in regenerative medicine technologies can be designed to affect the fate of surrounding cells and tissues in defined ways. Their function typically depends on the type and number of bioactive moieties such as receptor ligands present in the hydrogel. However, the detail in how such moieties are presented to cells can also be instrumental. In this work, how the crosslinking architecture of a hydrogel can affect its bioactivity is explored. It is shown that bovine submaxillary mucins, a highly glycosylated and immune‐modulating protein, exhibit strikingly different bioactivities whether they are crosslinked through their glycans or their protein domains. Both the susceptibility to enzymatic degradation and macrophage response are affected, while rheological properties and barrier to diffusion are mostly unaffected. The results suggest that crosslinking architecture affects the accessibility of the substrate to proteases and the pattern of sialic acid residues exposed to the macrophages. Thus, modulating the accessibility of binding sites through the choice of the crosslinking strategy appears as a useful parameter to tune the bioactivity of hydrogel‐based systems.
A Virus‐Mimicking Nucleic Acid Nanogel Reprograms Microglia and Macrophages for Glioblastoma Therapy
Authors: Gao Xihui , Li Sha , Ding Fei , Liu Xinlong , Wu Yijing , Li Jing , Feng Jing , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is recognized as one of the most promising approaches to treat cancers. However, its effect in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment is insufficient, which can in part be attributed to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Microglia and macrophages are the main immune infiltrating cells in the TME of GBM. Unfortunately, instead of initiating the anti‐tumor response, GBM‐infiltrating microglia and macrophages switch to a tumor‐promoting phenotype (M2), and support tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression by the release of cytokines. In this work, a virus‐mimicking membrane‐coated nucleic acid nanogel Vir‐Gel embedded with therapeutic miRNA is developed, which can reprogram microglia and macrophages from a pro‐invasive M2 phenotype to an anti‐tumor M1 phenotype. By mimicking the virus infection process, Vir‐Gel significantly enhances the targetability and cell uptake efficiency of the miR155‐bearing nucleic acid nanogel. In vivo evaluations demonstrate that Vir‐Gel apparently prolongs the circulation lifetime of miR155 and endows it with an active tumor‐targeting capability and excellent tumor inhibition efficacy. Owing to its noninvasive feature and effective delivery capability, the virus‐mimicking nucleic acid nanogel provides a general and convenient platform that can successfully treat a wide range of diseases.
Advances in Nanostructures for High‐Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Zou Yongjiu , Xu Jing , Chen Kyle , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the ongoing Fourth Industrial Revolution, the effective conversion of wasted ambient mechanical energy from the environment to generate electricity is regarded as one of the most pivotal technologies for powering widely distributed electronics in the era of the Internet of Things. Although the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), based on the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, has recently undergone a tremendous evolution with the development of various features such as flexibility, conformability, and user‐friendliness, further improvement of the output performance is still required for usage toward practical applications for the next‐generation of IoT devices. In this review article, surface nanostructure modification methods for high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators are systematically summarized. The field is deeply reviewed, with the methods classified into four categories: templating method, appending method, etching method, and crumpling method. Finally, an in‐depth discussion of the existing challenges and the direction of future efforts for enhancing TENG output performance are clearly stated, which can contribute to promoting further development of the field.
Electronic Effect‐Guided Rational Design of Candida antarctica Lipase B for Kinetic Resolution Towards Diarylmethanols
Authors: Li Dan‐Yang , Lou Yu‐Jiao , Xu Jian , Chen Xiao‐Yang , Lin Xian‐Fu , Wu Qi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, we developed an electronic effect‐guided rational design strategy to enhance the enantioselectivity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) mutants towards bulky pyridyl(phenyl)methanols. Compared to W104A mutant previously reported with reversed S‐stereoselectivity toward sec‐alcohols, three mutants (W104C, W104S and W104T) displayed significant improvement of S‐enantioselectivity in the kinetic resolution (KR) of various phenyl pyridyl methyl acetates due to the increased electronic effects between pyridyl and polar residues. The electronic effects were also observed when mutating other residues surrounding the stereospecificity pocket of CALB, such as T42A, S47A, A281S or A281C, and can be used to manipulate the stereoselectivity. A series of bulky pyridyl(phenyl) methanols, including S‐(4‐chlorophenyl)(pyridin‐2‐yl) methanol (S‐CPMA), the intermediate of bepotastine, were obtained in good yields and ee values.magnified image
Electrochemical Thiolation and Borylation of Arylazo Sulfones with Thiols and B2pin2
Authors: Wang Rongkang , Chen Fangming , Jiang Lvqi , Yi Wenbin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn efficient electrochemical synthesis approach of various unsymmetrical thioethers and arylboronates has been developed. Bench stable arylazo sulfones were used as radical precursors for carbon‐heteroatom bond formation under electrochemical conditions. Moreover, the scalability of this approach was evaluated by performing the electrochemical thiolation and borylation of arylazo sulfones with thiols and B2pin2 on a gram scale. This protocol not only avoided the use of stoichiometric oxidants, metal catalysts, activating agents and even added bases, but also exhibited favorable functional group tolerance.magnified image
Tuning Nanosiliceous Framework for Enhanced Cancer Theranostic Applications
Authors: Ni Nengyi , Su Yaoquan , Wei Yuchun , Ma Yanling , Zhao Lingzhi , Sun Xiao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs nanotechnology rapidly advances, siliceous nanomaterials have become increasingly examined for biomedical applications. To further expand their advantageous physicochemical properties and counter intrinsic limitations challenging their progress toward clinical translation, strategies ranging from new fabrication methods to diverse forms of modifications have been proposed. Among them, direct incorporation of foreign species into the siliceous frameworks has emerged. The incorporation of inorganic or organic moieties into an otherwise purely siliceous framework enriches the structure with novel or improved properties. In this review, the progress of inorganic modification is mainly examined on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) due to their widely appreciated attributes that garnered them an important position within cancer nanomedicine, while organic modifications are studied through designs of mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs). General synthesis methods and philosophies behind framework modifications are first discussed in brief. Subsequently, several interesting inorganically doped MSNs and formulations of MONs are studied for their advantages, including the role of catalysis after metal impregnation, improved biodegradability, novel stimuli‐responsiveness, role in bioimaging, and enhancing the outcomes of key treatment strategies. Finally, the advances are summarized, along with proposed prospects for these hybrid materials in their progress toward clinical use.
High‐Performance Semi‐Transparent Organic Photovoltaic Devices via Improving Absorbing Selectivity
Authors: Li Yaokai , He Chengliang , Zuo Lijian , Zhao Feng , Zhan Lingling , Li Xin , Xia Ruoxi , Yip Hin‐Lap , Li Chang‐Zhi , Liu Xu , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSemi‐transparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) are promising solar windows for building integration. Improving the light‐absorbing selectivity, that is, transmitting the visible photons while absorbing the invisible ones, is a key step toward high‐performance ST‐OPV. To achieve this goal, the optical properties of the active layer, transparent electrode, and capping layer are comprehensively tailored, and a highly efficient ST‐OPV with good absorbing selectivity is demonstrated. First, a numerical method is established to quantify the absorbing selectivity of materials and devices, based on which, an infrared absorbing non‐fullerene acceptor, that is, H3, is selected among a large pool of photo‐active materials. Second, an ultra‐smooth transparent thin Ag layer with small granule size is developed via polyethylenimine wetting, which alleviates light scattering and improves the electric properties for ST‐OPV. Finally, as guided by optical simulation, a TeO2 capping layer is deposited on top of the ultra‐thin Ag to further improve the light‐absorbing selectivity. As a result, the light utilization efficiency is significantly improved to 3.95 ± 0.02% (best ≈4.06%), with a good color rendering index of 76.85. These results make it one of the best among color‐neutral ST‐OPVs. This work stresses the importance of manipulating the light‐absorbing selectivity for high‐performance ST‐OPVs.
How Does External Pressure Shape Li Dendrites in Li Metal Batteries?
Authors: Shen Xin , Zhang Rui , Shi Peng , Chen Xiang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐energy density lithium metal batteries have achieved great progress as next‐generation rechargeable cells. However, the huge gap in the switching from coin to pouch cells hinders their practical application. External pressure, as one discrepancy between coin and pouch cells, plays an important role in the performance of Li metal anodes. Herein the mechanism for the impact of external pressure on Li dendrites is revealed and quantified by a mechano‐electrochemical phase field model. Two influence approaches are outlined as: 1) Inhibiting the progress of electroplating reactions, which lower the rate performance of cells; 2) Shaping the morphology of Li dendrites to be smooth and dense but increasing the mechanical instability. Furthermore, a phase diagram of routine electrolytes (including electrolyte‐immersed separators and solid polymer electrolytes) with respect to various external pressures is established, giving rational guidance for designing pressure management systems in working batteries.
Carbon Anode Materials: A Detailed Comparison between Na‐ion and K‐ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Lupeng , Wang Wei (Alex) , Lu Shanfu , Xiang Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs novel “post lithium‐ion batteries,” sodium‐ion batteries/potassium‐ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs) are emerging and show bright prospect in large‐scale energy storage applications due to abundant Na/K resources. Further benefits of this technology include, its low cost, chemical inertness and safety. Extensive research findings have demonstrated that carbon‐based materials are promising candidates for both SIBs and PIBs. Although the two alkali‐ion batteries have similar internal components and electrochemical reaction mechanisms, in carbon‐based materials the storage/release behaviors of Na+ and K+ are not exactly the same. Therefore, a comprehensive comparison of Na+/K+ storage behaviors in carbon anode materials is lacking. It is absolutely imperative to understand these mechanisms more clearly to achieve ideal performance. Herein, three potential Na+/K+ storage/release behaviors are discussed, which are i) intercalation/deintercalation mechanism, ii) adsorption/desorption mechanism, and iii) pore‐filling mechanism. This review not only attempts to summarize the development status of carbon anode materials (graphite, graphene, hard carbon and soft carbon), but also provides a comprehensive comparison (mechanism, capacity, rate capability, diffusion coefficient, cyclability, potassiation/sodiation potential) between SIBs and PIBs. Finally, critical issues and perspectives are discussed to demonstrate possible development directions for carbon anode materials for SIBs and PIBs.
Sustainable Batteries—Quo Vadis?
Authors: Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the past 20 years, a revolution has been seen in battery research culminating with a much‐awaited Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 for the development of Li‐ion batteries. New Li‐ion battery materials have been developed recently with improvements in performance. New Li battery chemistries have also emerged, exhibiting high energy density such as Li‐S, Li‐O2, Li‐metal with solid state electrolytes as well as zero‐excess Li anode metal batteries. This is tremendous progress and batteries are becoming more efficient and cheaper each year. Yet, most research in batteries is entirely focused on performance while the sustainability of all battery components making up the cell, as well as the battery chemistry itself are much overlooked. In this essay some perspectives are discussed and opinion is provided on the advancement of sustainability in battery research.