bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist on Striatal Dopamine D2-Type Receptor Availability: A Randomized Control Study Using Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Okita Kyoji , Kato Koichi , Shigemoto Yoko , Sato Noriko , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Matsuda Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Altered dopaminergic neurotransmission, especially in the functioning of dopamine D2-type receptors, is considered central to the etiology of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, individuals with substance use disorders have been consistently observed to exhibit lower D2-type receptor availability (quantified as binding potential; BPND) using positron emission tomography (PET). Upregulation of D2-type receptor density thus may therefore provide a therapeutic effect for substance use disorders. Importantly, in vitro studies reveal that D2 receptors coexist with adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors to form the highest density of heteromers in the whole striatum, and there is a functional interaction between these two receptors. As such, blockade of A2A receptor’s function may prevent D2 receptor downregulation, yet no study has currently examined this hypothesis in humans.Methods and Analysis: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of the A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline (compared to placebo) on both dopamine D2-type receptor availability in the human brain and on neuropsychological measurements of impulsivity. It is hypothesized that istradefylline will both increase striatal D2-type BPND and improve control of impulsivity more than placebo. Forty healthy participants, aged 20–65 with no history of psychiatric or neurological disorders, will be recruited and randomized into two groups and will undergo [11C]raclopride PET, once before and once after administration of either 40 mg/day istradefylline or placebo for 2 weeks. Neuropsychological measurements will be administered on the same days of the PET scans.Ethics and Dissemination: The study protocol was approved by the Certified Review Boards (CRB) of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (CR18-011) and prospectively registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs031180131; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs031180131). The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer reviewed scientific journals and conferences.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier jRCTs031180131.
18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics for Preoperative Prediction of Lymph Node Metastases and Nodal Staging in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Qiufang , Li Jiaru , Xin Bowen , Sun Yuyun , Feng Dagan , Fulham Michael J. , Wang Xiuying , Song Shaoli 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThe accurate assessment of lymph node metastases (LNMs) and the preoperative nodal (N) stage are critical for the precise treatment of patients with gastric cancer (GC). The diagnostic performance, however, of current imaging procedures used for this assessment is sub-optimal. Our aim was to investigate the value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic features to predict LNMs and the N stage.MethodsWe retrospectively collected clinical and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging data of 185 patients with GC who underwent total or partial radical gastrectomy. Patients were allocated to training and validation sets using the stratified method at a fixed ratio (8:2). There were 2,100 radiomic features extracted from the 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. After selecting radiomic features by the random forest, relevancy-based, and sequential forward selection methods, the BalancedBagging ensemble classifier was established for the preoperative prediction of LNMs, and the OneVsRest classifier for the N stage. The performance of the models was primarily evaluated by the AUC and accuracy, and validated by the independent validation methods. Analysis of the feature importance and the correlation were also conducted. We also compared the predictive performance of our radiomic models to that with the contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and 18F-FDG PET/CT.ResultsThere were 185 patients—127 men, 58 women, with the median age of 62, and an age range of 22–86 years. One CT feature and one PET feature were selected to predict LNMs and achieved the best performance (AUC: 82.2%, accuracy: 85.2%). This radiomic model also detected some LNMs that were missed in CECT (19.6%) and 18F-FDG PET/CT (35.7%). For predicting the N stage, four CT features and one PET feature were selected (AUC: 73.7%, accuracy: 62.3%). Of note, a proportion of patients in the validation set whose LNMs were incorrectly staged by CECT (57.4%) and 18F-FDG PET/CT (55%) were diagnosed correctly by our radiomic model.ConclusionWe developed and validated two machine learning models based on the preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT images that have a predictive value for LNMs and the N stage in GC. These predictive models show a promise to offer a potentially useful adjunct to current staging approaches for patients with GC.
Upregulation of Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier 2 and Protein SUMOylation as a Cardioprotective Mechanism Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhao Jia , Zhang Xiuying , Fan Ni , Rong Jianhui 
Published: September 2021

Background: Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins modify proteins through SUMOylation as an essential protein post-translational modification (PTM) for regulating redox status, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction. This study aimed to investigate whether natural product puerarin could alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI-RI) by targeting protein SUMOylation.Methods: Mouse MI-RI model was induced by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and subsequently treated with puerarin at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells were challenged by hypoxia/reoxygenation and treated with puerarin at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 μM. The infarction area of mouse hearts was assessed by 2% TTC staining. Cell damage was analyzed for the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and cell culture medium. Western blot technique was employed to detect the expression of SUMO2, phospho-ERK, pro-inflammatory biomarker COX2, fibrosis index galectin-3, apoptosis-related protein cleaved PARP-1. The activation of the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway was assayed by the dual-luciferase reporter system.Results: The present study validated that puerarin effectively reduced myocardial infarct size and LDH release in the mouse MI-RI model. In the cell culture system, puerarin effectively decreased the release of LDH and the protein level of COX2, galectin-3, and cleaved PARP-1. Mechanistic studies revealed that puerarin increased the expression of SUMO2, SUMOylation of proteins and the activation of ER/ERK pathway in cardiomyocytes. ER, ERK and SUMO2 inhibitors attenuated the cardioprotective effects of puerarin.Conclusion: Puerarin may alleviate myocardial injury by promoting protein SUMOylation through ER/ERK/SUMO2-dependent mechanism.
Like Taking a Magnifying Glass Into Everyday Life: Vulnerable Parents’ Experiences With Video Guidance in an Infant Mental Health Clinic
Authors: Simhan Indra , Vik Kari , Veseth Marius , Hjeltnes Aslak 
Published: September 2021

Background: Parents are a central focus in clinical infant mental health interventions because of the key importance of the caregiver-infant relationship, especially when dyads are burdened by psychosocial and parental mental health problems. However, knowledge is scarce about the lived experience of vulnerable parents who undergo video-based guidance.Aim: The study explores how parents in an infant-psychiatric outpatient clinic who struggled to mentalize and remain emotionally connected to their infant experienced helpful and challenging elements in video guidance.Method: We analyzed the interviews of a strategic sample of 12 parents after undergoing Marte Meo video guidance, using a team-based, reflexive thematic analysis (TA).Results: We identified four main themes: (a) Handling initial feelings of fear and loss of control; (b) Filming as a disturbing or agentic experience; (c) Feeling validated or devalued in the therapeutic relationship; and (d) Bringing insights from video guidance into everyday life. Therapeutic and existential factors became apparent in the main themes of adjustment to the guidance, experiences with filming, the therapeutic relationship and integration of new experiences.Conclusion: The parents’ sense of agency, dignity, and shame may be important for their ability to integrate new ideas about themselves.Implications: Video guidance for vulnerable parents in specialized clinical treatment should address relational challenges, parental mental health, and issues of recognition.
Clubhouse Model of Psychiatric Rehabilitation in China to Promote Recovery of People With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yan Haohao , Ding Yudan , Guo Wenbin 
Published: September 2021

Background: Whether the clubhouse model of psychiatric rehabilitation is well-implemented in China and whether patients with schizophrenia successfully achieve symptom remission and functional recovery through engaging in the clubhouse remain unclear.Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched for relevant articles from inception to April 21, 2021. Quality assessment, data synthesis, and subgroup analysis were performed on the included studies.Results: Seven randomized controlled studies with 682 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. The clubhouse model of psychiatric rehabilitation has a significant effect on promoting the remission of psychiatric symptoms, especially negative symptoms. However, it does not show a definite effect on promoting recovery of positive symptoms. The clubhouse model of psychiatric rehabilitation has a significant effect on promoting social functioning recovery, reducing the family burden, improving the quality of life, and promoting the remission of depressive and anxiety symptoms of patients with schizophrenia in China.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the clubhouse model of psychiatric rehabilitation can promote the remission of symptoms and functional recovery of Chinese with schizophrenia. It may be suitable to address the urgent need for better mental health services in China.
Electromagnetic Fields Modify Redox Balance in the Rat Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Sieroń Karolina , Knapik Katarzyna , Onik Grzegorz , Romuk Ewa , Birkner Ewa , Kwiatek Sebastian , Sieroń Aleksander 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of electromagnetic fields with divergent physical properties on the prooxidative and antioxidative balances in homogenates of the tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines of rats.Material and Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, namely, a control group, a group exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMFs; frequency: 50 Hz; intensity: 10 kV/m; magnetic induction: 4.3 pT), a group exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted by mobile phones (frequency: 900 MHz), and a group exposed simultaneously to LF-EMFs and RF-EMFs emitted by mobile phones. After 28 consecutive days of the experiment, the following pro- and antioxidative markers were assessed in the gastrointestinal tract homogenates: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its two isoenzymes (Mn-SOD, Cu,Zn-SOD) catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidative status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA).Results: In rats exposed to LF-EMFs, higher concentrations of the markers of prooxidant processes, MDA or TOS, were observed in the salivary glands, esophagus, and small intestine homogenates in comparison with the control group. Additionally, in the group of rats opposite to the control, antioxidant activity was observed. The main differences included a higher activity of Cu,Zn-SOD in homogenates of the tongue, salivary glands, and esophagus as well as decreased activity of CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, and small intestine. In animals exposed to RF-EMFs, the concentration of TOS was higher in the large intestine than in control rats. The main difference of antioxidant activity was presented by decreased Cu,Zn-SOD in homogenates of the salivary glands, stomach, small and large intestine as well as CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine. Moreover, in rats exposed simultaneously to LF-EMFs and RF-EMFs, a lower concentration of TOS was observed. Antioxidant activity was presented by a decreased activity of CAT in homogenates of the tongue, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine in comparison to the control group.Conclusion: Among those applied in the study, electromagnetic fields of a low-frequency caused the most significant disturbances of oxidative stress in the rat gastrointestinal tract.
Data-Driven Prediction of Fatigue in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Lee Dong Goo , Lindsay Adrian , Yu Adam , Neilson Samantha , Sundvick Kristen , Golz Ella , Foulger Liam , Mirian Maryam , Appel-Cresswell Silke 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Numerous non-motor symptoms are associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) including fatigue. The challenge in the clinic is to detect relevant non-motor symptoms while keeping patient-burden of questionnaires low and to take potential subgroups such as sex differences into account. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) effectively detects clinically significant fatigue in PD patients. Machine learning techniques can determine which FSS items best predict clinically significant fatigue yet the choice of technique is crucial as it determines the stability of results.Methods: 182 records of PD patients were analyzed with two machine learning algorithms: random forest (RF) and Boruta. RF and Boruta calculated feature importance scores, which measured how much impact an FSS item had in predicting clinically significant fatigue. Items with the highest feature importance scores were the best predictors. Principal components analysis (PCA) grouped highly related FSS items together.Results: RF, Boruta and PCA demonstrated that items 8 (“Fatigue is among my three most disabling symptoms”) and 9 (“Fatigue interferes with my work, family or social life”) were the most important predictors. Item 5 (“Fatigue causes frequent problems for me”) was an important predictor for females, and item 6 (“My fatigue prevents sustained physical functioning”) was important for males. Feature importance scores’ standard deviations were large for RF (14–66%) but small for Boruta (0–5%).Conclusion: The clinically most informative questions may be how disabling fatigue is compared to other symptoms and interference with work, family and friends. There may be some sex-related differences with frequency of fatigue-related complaints in females and endurance-related complaints in males yielding significant information. Boruta but not RF yielded stable results and might be a better tool to determine the most relevant components of abbreviated questionnaires. Further research in this area would be beneficial in order to replicate these findings with other machine learning algorithms, and using a more representative sample of PD patients.
Planetary Boundary Layer Height Estimates From ICESat-2 and CATS Backscatter Measurements
Authors: Palm Stephen P. , Selmer Patrick , Yorks John , Nicholls Stephen , Nowottnick Edward 
Published: September 2021

The lowest layer of the atmosphere in which all human activity occurs is called the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL). All physical interactions with the surface, such as heat and moisture transport, pollution dispersion and transport happen in this relatively shallow layer. The ability to understand and model the complex interactions that occur in the PBL is very important to air quality, weather prediction and climate modeling. A fundamental and physically important property of the PBL is its thickness or height. This work presents two methods to obtain global PBL height using satellite lidar data from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) and the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS). The first method is a straightforward backscatter threshold technique and the second is a machine learning approach known as a Convolutional Neural Network. The PBL height retrievals from the two methods are compared with each other and with PBL height from the NASA GEOS MERRA-2 reanalysis. The lidar-retrieved PBL heights have a high degree of spatial correlation with the model heights but are generally higher over ocean (∼400 m) and over northern hemisphere high latitude regions (∼1,000 m). Over mid-latitude and tropical land areas, the satellite estimated PBL heights agree well with model mid-day estimates. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using satellite lidar backscatter measurements to obtain global PBL height estimates, as well as determining seasonal and regional variability of PBL height.
Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy Can Delay the Recurrence of Desmoid Tumors After R0 Resection in Certain Subgroups
Authors: Yang Tielong , Liu Haotian , Liao Zhichao , Zhang Chao , Xiang Lijie , Yang Jilong 
Published: September 2021

Background: When patients with desmoid tumors (DTs) present uncontrolled clinical symptoms, surgery is an effective treatment, but the high postoperative recurrence rate is a major problem. The significance of adjuvant radiotherapy has been debated for many years, and the significance of aggressive surgery has not been reported.Methods: Medical records for DT patients were collected. KM analysis and the Mann–Whitney U-test were performed to evaluate the role of radiotherapy and aggressive surgery in the entire cohort and different subgroups.Results: Of 385 DT patients, 267 patients with R0 resection were included in the final analysis. A total of 53 patients (19.85%) experienced recurrence. Although radiotherapy showed no significant effect on recurrence-free survival (RFS) or time to recurrence (TTR) in the entire cohort, radiotherapy delayed recurrence in the age ≤ 30 years old subgroup (TTR = 35 months with surgery plus radiotherapy, TTR = 11 months with surgery alone; p = 0.014) and the tumor diameter &gt;5 cm subgroup (TTR = 26 months with surgery plus radiotherapy, TTR = 11 months with surgery alone; p = 0.02) among patients with a single tumor. Aggressive surgery improved RFS in the tumor diameter &gt;5 cm subgroup (p = 0.049) but not the entire cohort.Conclusions: Although radiotherapy cannot improve RFS, it can delay recurrence in the age ≤ 30 years old subgroup and the tumor diameter &gt;5 cm subgroup among patients with a single tumor. For patients with large invasive tumors and multiple involved sites, aggressive surgery could be selected to achieve complete tumor resection to improve RFS.
Feasibility of TSPO-Specific Positron Emission Tomography Radiotracer for Evaluating Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Kim Daehee , Moon Byung Seok , Park Sun Mi , Lee Sang Ju , Kang Seo Young , Park Sanghui , Oh Seung Jun , Kim Bom Sahn , Yoon Hai-Jeon 
Published: September 2021

Macrophages are activated during the early phase of paracetamol-induced liver injury (PLI). [18F]GE180 is a radiolabeled ligand that recognizes the macrophage translocator protein (TSPO). In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of a TSPO-specific radiotracer in a rat model of PLI. A rat model of liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal administration of paracetamol. [18F]GE180 positron emission tomography (PET) images were obtained after 24 h. The maximal and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVav) of the liver and serum biomarker levels were examined. The TSPO expression level was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. [18F]GE180 hepatic uptake in the PLI group was significantly higher than that in the control group (SUVmax p = 0.001; SUVav p = 0.005). Both mRNA and protein TSPO expression levels were higher in the PLI group. The mRNA expression level of TSPO was significantly correlated with [18F]GE180 hepatic uptake in both groups (SUVmax p = 0.019; SUVav p = 0.007). [18F]GE180 hepatic uptake in the PLI group showed a significant positive correlation with ALT24 and ALT48 (ALT24 p = 0.016; ALT48p = 0.002). [18F]GE180 enabled visualization of PLI through TSPO overexpression. Our results support the potential utility of hepatic uptake by TSPO-PET as a non-invasive imaging biomarker for the early phase of PLI.
Impacto do uso da Toxina Botulínica em pacientes com Doença de Parkinson: uma revisão Sistemática
Authors: Souza Daniely Hackbarth de , Gonçalves Laura Faustino , Mituuti Cláudia Tiemi , Paiva Karina Mary de , Haas Patricia 
Published: September 2021

Introdução. A Toxina Botulínica (TxB) vem sendo amplamente utilizada para tratar sintomas da doença de Parkinson (DP) e sua eficácia e segurança vem sendo confirmada em diversos estudos. Objetivo. Verificar o impacto do uso da toxina botulínica em pacientes com DP. Método. A busca por artigos científicos foi conduzida por dois pesquisadores independentes nas bases de dados MEDLINE (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE e BIREME, sem restrição de idioma e localização, durante o período de 2015 a 2020. Para complementar e evitar viés de risco foi realizada uma busca por literatura cinza no Google Scholar. A revisão sistemática foi conduzida conforme as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foram inclusos na pesquisa estudos que obtiveram pontuação ≥ a 6 pontos segundo o protocolo para pontuação qualitativa proposto por Pithon et al. Resultados. Foram recuperados 97 artigos com potencial de inclusão, sendo que 4 responderam à pergunta norteadora, que consistiu em verificar o impacto do uso da TxB em pacientes com DP. Os artigos selecionados relataram o uso da TxB para tratar a sialorreia, tremor e distonia dos pés. O uso da TxB mostrou-se eficaz a longo prazo para tratar a sialorreia, distonia dos pés e tremor de membro. Conclusão. As análises evidenciaram que a TxB possui um impacto positivo aos pacientes com DP, sendo uma grande aliada na melhora da qualidade de vida desses pacientes, tendo poucos efeitos colaterais, sendo em sua maioria leves.