bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genome of the extremophile Artemia provides insight into strategies to cope with extreme environments
Authors: De Vos Stephanie , Rombauts Stephane , Coussement Louis , Dermauw Wannes , Vuylsteke Marnik , Sorgeloos Patrick , Clegg James S. , Nambu Ziro , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Norouzitallab Parisa , Van Leeuwen Thomas , De Meyer Tim , Van Stappen Gilbert , Van de Peer Yves , Bossier Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrine shrimpArtemiahave an unequalled ability to endure extreme salinity and complete anoxia. This study aims to elucidate its strategies to cope with these stressors.Results and discussionHere, we present the genome of an inbredA. franciscanaKellogg, 1906. We identified 21,828 genes of which, under high salinity, 674 genes and under anoxia, 900 genes were differentially expressed (42%, respectively 30% were annotated). Under high salinity, relevant stress genes and pathways included severalHeat Shock ProteinandLeaf Embryogenesis Abundantgenes, as well as the trehalose metabolism. In addition, based on differential gene expression analysis, it can be hypothesized that a high oxidative stress response and endocytosis/exocytosis are potential salt management strategies, in addition to the expression ofmajor facilitator superfamilygenes responsible for transmembrane ion transport. Under anoxia, genes involved in mitochondrial function,mTORsignalling and autophagy were differentially expressed. Both high salt and anoxia enhanced degradation of erroneous proteins and protein chaperoning. Compared with other branchiopod genomes,Artemiahad 0.03% contracted and 6% expanded orthogroups, in which 14% of the genes were differentially expressed under high salinity or anoxia. One phospholipase D gene family, shown to be important in plant stress response, was uniquely present in both extremophilesArtemiaand the tardigradeHypsibius dujardini, yet not differentially expressed under the described experimental conditions.ConclusionsA relatively complete genome ofArtemiawas assembled, annotated and analysed, facilitating research on its extremophile features, and providing a reference sequence for crustacean research.
Grip strength from midlife as an indicator of later-life brain health and cognition: evidence from a British birth cohort
Authors: Dercon Quentin , Nicholas Jennifer M. , James Sarah-Naomi , Schott Jonathan M. , Richards Marcus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Grip strength is an indicator of physical function with potential predictive value for health in ageing populations. We assessed whether trends in grip strength from midlife predicted later-life brain health and cognition.

Methods
446 participants in an ongoing British birth cohort study, the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), had their maximum grip strength measured at ages 53, 60–64, and 69, and subsequently underwent neuroimaging as part of a neuroscience sub-study, referred to as “Insight 46”, at age 69–71. A group-based trajectory model identified latent groups of individuals in the whole NSHD cohort with below- or above-average grip strength over time, plus a reference group. Group assignment, plus standardised grip strength levels and change from midlife were each related to measures of whole-brain volume (WBV) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), plus several cognitive tests. Models were adjusted for sex, body size, head size (where appropriate), sociodemographics, and behavioural and vascular risk factors.

Results
Lower grip strength from midlife was associated with smaller WBV and lower matrix reasoning scores at age 69–71, with findings consistent between analysis of individual time points and analysis of trajectory groups. There was little evidence of an association between grip strength and other cognitive test scores. Although greater declines in grip strength showed a weak association with higher WMHV at age 69–71, trends in the opposite direction were seen at individual time points with higher grip strength at ages 60–64, and 69 associated with higher WMHV.

Conclusions
This study provides preliminary evidence that maximum grip strength may have value in predicting brain health. Future work should assess to what extent age-related declines in grip strength from midlife reflect concurrent changes in brain structure.
Transmission patterns of rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains in Cameroon: a genomic epidemiological study
Authors: Merker Matthias , Egbe Nkongho F. , Ngangue Yannick R. , Vuchas Comfort , Kohl Thomas A. , Dreyer Viola , Kuaban Christopher , Noeske Jürgen , Niemann Stefan , Sander Melissa S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Determining factors affecting the transmission of rifampicin (RR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains under standardized tuberculosis (TB) treatment is key to control TB and prevent the evolution of drug resistance.

Methods
We combined bacterial whole genome sequencing (WGS) and epidemiological investigations for 37% (n = 195) of all RR/MDR-TB patients in Cameroon (2012–2015) to identify factors associated with recent transmission.

Results
Patients infected with a strain resistant to high-dose isoniazid, and ethambutol had 7.4 (95% CI 2.6–21.4), and 2.4 (95% CI 1.2–4.8) times increased odds of being in a WGS-cluster, a surrogate for recent transmission. Furthermore, age between 30 and 50 was positively correlated with recent transmission (adjusted OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3–11.4). We found high drug-resistance proportions against three drugs used in the short standardized MDR-TB regimen in Cameroon, i.e. high-dose isoniazid (77.4%), ethambutol (56.9%), and pyrazinamide (43.1%). Virtually all strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones, kanamycin, and clofazimine, and treatment outcomes were mostly favourable (87.5%).

Conclusion
Pre-existing resistance to high-dose isoniazid, and ethambutol is associated with recent transmission of RR/MDR strains in our study. A possible contributing factor for this observation is the absence of universal drug susceptibility testing in Cameroon, likely resulting in prolonged exposure of new RR/MDR-TB patients to sub-optimal or failing first-line drug regimens.
Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced acute liver failure requiring transplantation in the second trimester of pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Zhu Zhoufeng , Zhang Min , Li Yang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) during pregnancy can reduce maternal and foetal complications. However, it may also induce fatal liver injury.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 26-year-old pregnant woman who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for anti-TB drug-induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Her tuberculous pleurisy was treated with rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. An artificial liver support system (ALSS) was unable to reverse the liver injury while serving as a bridge to liver transplantation. She had a successful liver transplantation operation at 17 3/7 weeks of gestation. The foetal ultrasound scan showed mild foetal bilateral ventriculomegaly at 21 5/7 weeks of gestation, and labour was induced via double-balloon catheter as soon as the allograft function was stable. Despite immunosuppression, the TB was well controlled with linezolid, levofloxacin and pyridoxine at the 8 months follow-up.

Conclusions
Anti-TB drug-induced liver failure during pregnancy is rare. We present a case of successful treatment of FHF in which an artificial liver support system combined with liver transplantation. The FHF was caused by anti-TB drugs with difficulties due to pregnancy status and post-transplant anti-TB treatment. Mild foetal ventriculomegaly was found in our case. Further research is still needed to identify the risks of TB treatment and liver transplantation in pregnant women. A multidisciplinary team coordinated properly to optimize patient outcomes.
Impact of very preterm birth and post-discharge growth on cardiometabolic outcomes at school age: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yun Jungha , Jung Young Hwa , Shin Seung Han , Song In Gyu , Lee Young Ah , Shin Choong Ho , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Han-Suk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdverse metabolic outcomes later in life have been reported among children or young adults who were born as preterm infants. This study was conducted to examine the impact of very preterm/very low birth weight (VP/VLBW) birth and subsequent growth after hospital discharge on cardiometabolic outcomes such as insulin resistance, fasting glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) among children at 6–8 years of age.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included children aged 6–8 years and compared those who were born at < 32 weeks of gestation or weighing < 1,500 g at birth (n = 60) with those born at term (n = 110). Body size, fat mass, BP, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and lipid profiles were measured. Weight-for-age z-score changes between discharge and early school-age period were also calculated, and factors associated with BP, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance were analyzed.ResultsChildren who were born VP/VLBW had significantly lower fat masses, higher systolic BP and diastolic BP, and significantly higher values of fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), compared to children born at term. VP/VLBW was correlated with HOMA-IR and BPs after adjusting for various factors, including fat mass index and weight-for-age z-score changes. Weight-for-age z-score changes were associated with HOMA-IR, but not with BPs.ConclusionsAlthough children aged 6–8 years who were born VP/VLBW showed significantly lower weight and fat mass, they had significantly higher BPs, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels. The associations of VP/VLBW with cardiometabolic factors were independent of fat mass and weight gain velocity.
The COVID-19 Pandemic Mental Health Questionnaire (CoPaQ): psychometric evaluation and compliance with countermeasures in psychiatric inpatients and non-clinical individuals
Authors: Rek Stephanie V. , Bühner Markus , Reinhard Matthias A. , Freeman Daniel , Keeser Daniel , Adorjan Kristina , Falkai Peter , Padberg Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted people’s lives across a broad spectrum of psychosocial domains. We report the development and psychometric evaluation of the self-report COVID-19 Pandemic Mental Health Questionnaire (CoPaQ), which assesses COVID-19 contamination anxiety, countermeasure necessity and compliance, mental health impact, stressor impact, social media usage, interpersonal conflicts, paranoid ideations, institutional & political trust, conspiracy beliefs, and social cohesion. Further, we illustrate the questionnaire’s utility in an applied example investigating if higher SARS-Cov-2 infection rates in psychiatric patients could be explained by reduced compliance with preventive countermeasures.MethodsA group of 511 non-clinical individuals completed an initial pool of 111 CoPaQ items (Open Science Framework:https://osf.io/3evn9/) and additional scales measuring psychological distress, well-being, and paranoia to assess construct validity and lifetime mental health diagnosis for criterion validity. Factor structure was determined by exploratory factor analyses and validated by conducting confirmatory factor analysis in the accompanying longitudinal sample (n = 318) and an independent psychiatric inpatient sample primarily admitted for major depressive-, substance abuse-, personality-, and anxiety disorders (n = 113). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega. For the applied research example, Welch t-tests and correlational analyses were conducted.ResultsTwelve out of 16 extracted subscales were retained in the final questionnaire version, which provided preliminary evidence for adequate psychometric properties in terms of factor structure, internal consistency, and construct and criterion validity. Our applied research example showed that patients exhibited greater support for COVID-19 countermeasures than non-clinical individuals. However, this requires replication in future studies.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the CoPaQ is a comprehensive and valid measure of the psychosocial impact of the pandemic and could allow to a degree to disentangle the complex psychosocial phenomena of the pandemic as exemplified by our applied analyses.
Significance and agreement between obesity anthropometric measurements and indices in adults: a population-based study from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Mahmoud Ibrahim , Sulaiman Nabil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe rates of overweight and obese adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have increased dramatically in recent decades. Several anthropometric measurements are used to assess body weight status. Some anthropometric measurements might not be convenient to use in certain communities and settings. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement of four anthropometric measurements and indices of weight status and to investigate their associations with cardiometabolic risks.MethodsThe study design was a cross-section population-based study. Adults living in the Northern Emirates were surveyed. Fasting blood samples, blood pressure readings and anthropometric measurements were also collected.ResultsA total of 3531 subjects were included in this study. The prevalence of obesity/overweight was 66.4% based on body mass index (BMI), 61.7% based on waist circumference (WC), 64.6% based on waist–hip ratio (WHR) and 71% based on neck circumference (NC). There were moderate agreements between BMI and WC and between WC and WHR, with kappa (k) ranging from 0.41 to 0.60. NC showed poor agreement with BMI, WC and WHR, with k ranging from 0 to 0.2. Overweight and obesity based on BMI, WC and WHR were significantly associated with cardiometabolic risks.ConclusionOverall, there was a moderate to a poor agreement between BMI, WC, WHR and NC. Particularly, NC showed poor agreement with BMI, WC and WHR. BMI and WC showed better performance for identifying cardiometabolic risks than WHR and NC.
Prevalence and incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in secondary industries of 21st century Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Govaerts Renée , Tassignon Bruno , Ghillebert Jo , Serrien Ben , De Bock Sander , Ampe Toon , El Makrini Ilias , Vanderborght Bram , Meeusen Romain , De Pauw Kevin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
Over the course of the twenty-first century, work-related musculoskeletal disorders are still persisting among blue collar workers. At present, no epidemiological overview exists. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on the epidemiology of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) within Europe’s secondary industries.

Methods
Five databases were screened, yielding 34 studies for the qualitative analysis and 17 for the quantitative analysis. Twelve subgroups of WMSDs were obtained for the meta-analysis by means of predefined inclusion criteria: back (overall), upper back, lower back, neck, shoulder, neck/shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand, leg (overall), hip, knee, and ankle/feet.

Results
The most prevalent WMSDs were located at the back (overall), shoulder/neck, neck, shoulder, lower back and wrist WMSDs with mean 12-month prevalence values of 60, 54, 51, 50, 47, and 42%, respectively. The food industry was in the majority of subgroups the most prominent researched sector and was frequently associated with high prevalence values of WMSDs. Incidence ratios of upper limb WMSDs ranged between 0.04 and 0.26. Incidence ratios could not be calculated for other anatomical regions due to the lack of sufficient articles.

Conclusion
WMSDs are still highly present among blue collar workers. Relatively high prevalence values and low incidence ratios indicate a limited onset of WMSDs with however long-term complaints.
Technique and results after immediate orthotopic replantation of extracorporeally irradiated tumor bone autografts with and without fibular augmentation in extremity tumors
Authors: Klein Alexander , Bakhshai Yasmin , Roeder Falk , Birkenmaier Christof , Baur-Melnyk Andrea , Dürr Hans Roland 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Reconstruction of the skeletal defects resulting from the resection of bone tumors remains a considerable challenge and one of the possibilities is the orthotopic replantation of the irradiated bone autograft. One technical option with this technique is the addition of a vital autologous fibular graft, with or without microvascular anastomosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical results of the treatment of our patient cohort with a specific view to the role of fibular augmentation.

Methods
Twenty-one patients with 22 reconstructions were included. In all cases, the bone tumor was resected with wide margins and in 21 of them irradiated with 300 Gy. In the first case, thermal sterilization in an autoclave was used. The autograft was orthotopically replanted and stabilized with plates and screws. Fifteen patients underwent an additional fibular augmentation, 8 of which received microvascular anastomoses or, alternatively, a locally pedicled fibular interposition.

Results
the most common diagnosis was a Ewing sarcoma (8 cases) and the most common location was the femur (12 cases). The mean follow-up time was 70 months (16–154 months). For our statistical analysis, the one case with autoclave sterilization and 3 patients with tumors in small bones were excluded. During follow-up of 18 cases, 55.6% of patients underwent an average of 1.56 revision surgeries. Complete bony integration of the irradiated autografts was achieved in 88.9% of cases after 13.6 months on average. In those cases with successful reintegration, the autograft was shorter (n.s.). Microvascular anastomosis in vascularized fibular strut grafts did not significantly influence the rate of pseudarthrosis.

Conclusions
the replantation of extracorporeally irradiated bone autografts is an established method for the reconstruction of bone defects after tumor resection. Our rate of complications is comparable to those of other studies and with other methods of bone reconstruction (e.g. prosthesis). In our opinion, this method is especially well suited for younger patients with extraarticular bone tumors that allow for joint preservation. However, these patients should be ready to accept longer treatment periods.
Problems with the outcome measures in randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine in treating chronic heart failure caused by coronary heart disease: a systematic review
Authors: Hu Jiayuan , Qiu Ruijin , Li Chengyu , Li Min , Dai Qianqian , Chen Shiqi , Zhao Chen , Shang Hongcai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained widespread application in treating chronic heart failure (CHF) secondary to coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the sound clinical evidence is still lacking. Corresponding clinical trials vary considerably in the outcome measures assessing the efficacy of TCM, some that showed the improvement of clinical symptoms are not universally acknowledged. Rational outcome measures are the key to evaluate efficacy and safety of each treatment and significant elements of a convincing clinical trial. We aimed to summarize and analyze outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM in treating CHF caused by CHD, subsequently identify the present problems and try to put forward solutions.

Methods
We systematically searched databases including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang from inception to October 8, 2018, to identify eligible RCTs using TCM interventions for treating CHF patients caused by CHD. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) was searched to include Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) of CHF. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias of the included RCTs according to the Cochrane Handbook. Outcome measures of each trial were extracted and analyzed those compared with the CSRs. We also evaluated the reporting quality of the outcome measures.

Results
A total of 31 RCTs were included and the methodology quality of the studies was generally low. Outcome measures in these RCTs were mortality, rehospitalization, efficacy of cardiac function, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6 min’ walk distance (6MWD) and Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), of which mortality and rehospitalization are clinical end points while the others are surrogate outcomes. The reporting rate of mortality and rehospitalization was 12.90% (4/31), the other included studies reported surrogate outcomes. As safety measure, 54.84% of the studies reported adverse drug reactions. Two trials were evaluated as high in reporting quality of outcomes and that of the other 29 studies was poor due to lack of necessary information for reporting.

Conclusions
The present RCTs of TCM in treating CHF secondary to CHD did not concentrate on the clinical end points of heart failure, which were generally small in size and short in duration. Moreover, these trials lacked adequate safety evaluation, had low quality in reporting outcomes and certain risk of bias in methodology. For objective assessment of the efficacy and safety of TCM in treating CHF secondary to CHD, future research should be rigorous designed, set end points as primary outcome measures and pay more attention to safety evaluation throughout the trial.
Adaptations in anesthesiology residency programs amid the COVID-19 pandemic: virtual approaches to applicant recruitment
Authors: Lee Donaldson C. , Kofskey Alexander M. , Singh Nikhi P. , King Timothy W. , Piennette Paul D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted residency recruitment in 2020, posing unique challenges for programs and applicants alike. Anesthesiology programs have adopted alternate methods of recruitment, including virtual open houses and social media, due to limiting personal contact rules implemented by AAMC. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of virtual events hosted and social media accounts created by programs.

Methods
Anesthesiology residency programs and departments were examined for social media presence on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Programs’ websites and social media posts were reviewed for virtual open house opportunities. Available sub-internships were collected from the Visiting Student Application Service database. Data was collected after 2020–2021 pre-interview recruitment in October 2020.

Results
Of 153 total anesthesiology residency programs, 96 (63%) had some form of social media presence. The platforms of choice for programs with social media accounts included Twitter (71, or 46%), Instagram (67, or 44%), and Facebook (47, or 31%). Forty of seventy-six residency-affiliated accounts were created after March 1, 2020; Instagram accounts (26 of 40) represented most of these. Most Anesthesiology programs (59%) offered virtual open houses for prospective applicants. Twitter (25%), Instagram (22%), and Facebook (8%) were used by programs to advertise these events.

Conclusions
Social media presence of anesthesiology residency programs has grown steadily over the past decade, with exponential growth experienced in 2020. This data suggests that anesthesiology residency programs are employing new, mostly virtual, methods to reach prospective applicants during an unprecedented application cycle amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.