bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridization alters the shape of the genotypic fitness landscape, increasing access to novel fitness peaks during adaptive radiation
Authors: Patton Austin H. , Richards Emilie J. , Gould Katelyn J. , Buie Logan K. , Martin Christopher H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEstimating the complex relationship between fitness and genotype or phenotype (i.e. the adaptive landscape) is one of the central goals of evolutionary biology. However, adaptive walks connecting genotypes to organismal fitness, speciation, and novel ecological niches are still poorly understood and processes for surmounting fitness valleys remain controversial. One outstanding system for addressing these connections is a recent adaptive radiation of ecologically and morphologically novel pupfishes (a generalist, molluscivore, and scale-eater) endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We leveraged whole-genome sequencing of 139 hybrids from two independent field fitness experiments to identify the genomic basis of fitness, estimate genotypic fitness networks, and measure the accessibility of adaptive walks on the fitness landscape. We identified 132 SNPs that were significantly associated with fitness in field enclosures. Six out of the 13 regions most strongly associated with fitness contained differentially expressed genes and fixed SNPs between trophic specialists; one gene (mettl21e) was also misexpressed in lab-reared hybrids, suggesting a potential intrinsic genetic incompatibility. We then constructed genotypic fitness networks from adaptive alleles and show that scale-eating specialists are the most isolated of the three species on these networks. Intriguingly, introgressed andde novovariants reduced fitness landscape ruggedness as compared to standing variation, increasing the accessibility of genotypic fitness paths from generalist to specialists. Our results suggest that adaptive introgression andde novomutations alter the shape of the fitness landscape, providing key connections in adaptive walks circumventing fitness valleys and triggering the evolution of novelty during adaptive radiation.
A role for worm cutl-24 in background- and parent-of-origin-dependent ER stress resistance
Authors: Wang Wenke , Flury Anna G. , Rodriguez Andrew T. , Garrison Jennifer L. , Brem Rachel B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganisms in the wild can acquire disease- and stress-resistance traits that outstrip the programs endogenous to humans. Finding the molecular basis of such natural resistance characters is a key goal of evolutionary genetics. Standard statistical-genetic methods toward this end can perform poorly in organismal systems that lack high rates of meiotic recombination, like Caenorhabditis worms. Here we discovered unique ER stress resistance in a wild Kenyan C. elegans isolate, which in inter-strain crosses was passed by hermaphrodite mothers to hybrid offspring. We developed an unbiased version of the reciprocal hemizygosity test, RH-seq, to explore the genetics of this parent-of-origin-dependent phenotype. Among top-scoring gene candidates from a partial-coverage RH-seq screen, we focused on the neuronally-expressed, cuticlin-like gene cutl-24 for validation. In gene disruption and controlled crossing experiments, we found that cutl-24 was required in Kenyan hermaphrodite mothers for ER stress tolerance in their inter-strain hybrid offspring; cutl-24 was also a contributor to the trait in purebred backgrounds. These data establish the Kenyan strain allele of cutl-24 as a determinant of a natural stress-resistant state, and they set a precedent for the dissection of natural trait diversity in invertebrate animals without the need for a panel of meiotic recombinants.
Telework amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: effects on work style reform in Japan
Authors: Hosoda Masahiro 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected telework initiatives in Japanese companies and investigate the factors that affect telework based on the technology, organization and environment (TOE) model, through the analysis of published documents.

Design/methodology/approach
Document analysis was adopted. Documents were collected from English news articles in the Nikkei Asian Review and Nikkei Asia which cover Japan's economy, industries and markets. The results of surveys by the Persol Research Institute and Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry were also provided to discuss factors promoting and hindering telework. Content analysis was adopted to analyse the documents.

Findings
COVID-19 had an unavoidable impact on the implementation of telework that the government had previously failed to instigate. Japanese listed companies tend to implement telework, whereas small- and medium-sized companies are struggling. The ratio of telework has been low even after the declaration of the state of emergency because there exist organizational, technological and environmental barriers to telework in Japan.

Originality/value
This study contributes to discussions on work style reform by focusing on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on telework. This research also gives new insight into operationalization of telework in organizations not only in Japan but also in other countries known for low rates of telework and inflexible work styles such as Korea.
The regulation of multilateral development banks: is it needed? A preliminary analysis
Authors: Gianfagna Laura , Crimaldi Irene , Gallan Davide 
Published: July 2021

PurposeA difference is noted by comparing the net loans to the non-financial sector in the two sets of institutions. The post-global financial crisis (GFC), literature agrees on a reduced lending pace by financial institutions (FIs) as a result of stricter capital regulations. At the same time, an increasing volume of outstanding loans, directed even to advanced countries, characterize the balance sheet of several multilateral development banks (MDBs).Design/methodology/approachThis paper observes how a different degree of banking regulation might have shaped the economic response to the GFC by FIs and MDBs.FindingsThe authors indicate that MDBs’ financing, with a coherent objective of countercyclical support to the economies hit by the GFC, seems to have filled a market gap caused by the FIs’ pro-cyclical lending reduction.Originality/valueWhile a controversial issue is whether Basel standards should be imposed on MDBs, a harmonization amongst MDBs of their transparency and reporting standards might be beneficial: some preliminary consideration has been portrayed.
How social media advertising features influence consumption and sharing intentions: the mediation of customer engagement
Authors: Ji Chunli , Mieiro Susana , Huang Guihai 
Published: July 2021

PurposeSocial media advertising (SMA) has become overly critical in the interactive marketing research field. This paper aimed to construct a research architecture model and to investigate the mediating effect of customer engagement between SMA and consumer behavioral intention in the context of Macao's casino integrated resorts.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 300 Chinese-speaking visitors of Macao's casino integrated resorts through a face-to-face survey. The hypotheses derived from the conceptual model were tested through two-stage structural equation modeling. The authors considered age and gender as control variables.FindingsThis study found that entertainment and promotional rewards had significant direct effects on consumption intention. Social media dependency did affect directly not only consumption intention but also sharing intention. Customer engagement on SMA mediated the effects of two SMA features (entertainment and promotional rewards) and one feature of SMA viewers (social media dependency) on consumption intention. As to extraneous variables, neither age nor gender significantly influenced consumer behavioral intention.Practical implicationsThe casino integrated resort managers should enhance the entertainment elements and provide reasonable promotional rewards to increase SMA's effectiveness. Managers should also consider the social media usage habits of the targeted customers. Further academic research on casino integrated resorts in other regions may use this study as a basis for investigating the mediation of customer engagement on SMA.Originality/valueThis study contributed to understanding the mediating mechanism of customer engagement on SMA by conceptualizing customer engagement on SMA as a unique idea and provided a conceptual framework for further theoretical and empirical research in the interactive marketing research field.
CEO behavior and sustainability performance: the moderating role of corporate governance
Authors: Kouaib Amel , Bouzouitina Asma , Jarboui Anis 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper explores how the tension between a firm's CEO overconfidence feature and externally observable hubris attribute may determine the level of corporate sustainability performance. This work also contemplates the impact of the moderator “corporate governance practices.”Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a sample of 658 firm-year-observations using a sample of European real estate firms indexed on Stoxx Europe 600 Index from 2006 to 2019. To test the developed hypotheses, feasible generalized least square (FGLS) regression is applied.FindingsFindings suggest that a good corporate governance score strengthens the positive effect of the psychological bias (CEO overconfidence) on corporate sustainability performance while it fails to attenuate the negative effect of the cognitive bias (CEO hubris).Research limitations/implicationsThe research provides an overview of the impact of CEO personality traits on the corporate sustainability performance level in the European real estate sup-sector. As corporate governance can have a major impact to control these traits, the authors recommend European real estate companies to improve their corporate governance practices.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existent literature this gap with two empirical novelties: (1) providing a novel insight into sustainability involvement using a sample of European real estate sup-sector and (2) investigating the moderating effect on the link between CEO psychological and cognitive biases and sustainability performance. This study provides empirical evidence that entrenchment problems arising from CEO hubris would not be mitigated by a good corporate governance practice.
Infill parameters influence over the natural frequencies of ABS specimens obtained by extrusion-based 3D printing
Authors: Parpala Radu Constantin , Popescu Diana , Pupaza Cristina 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The mechanical performances of 3D-printed parts are influenced by the manufacturing variables. Many studies experimentally evaluate the impact of the process parameters on specimens’ static and dynamic behavior with the aim of tailoring the mechanical response of the prints. However, this experimental approach is hampered by the very large number of parameters, 3D printers and materials, the development of computer simulation models being thus required. In the context, this study aims to fill a gap by experimentally investigating the influence of infill related parameters over the vibrations of 3D-printed specimens, as well as to propose and validate a parametric finite element (FE) model for the prediction of eigenfrequencies.

Design/methodology/approach
A generally applicable FE model is not yet available for the 3D printing technology based on the material extrusion process due to the large number of parameters settings that determine a large variability of outcomes. Hence, the idea of developing numerical simulation models that address sets of parameters and assess their impact on a certain mechanical property. For the natural frequency, the influence of the infill density and infill line width is studied in this paper. An FE script that automates the generation of the model geometry by using the considered set of parameters is developed and run. The results of the modal analysis are compared to the experimental values for validating the script.

Findings
Based on the experimental results, a linear regression between the weight of the part and the first natural frequency is established. The response surfaces indicate that the infill density is the most significant parameter of influence. The weight-frequency function is then used for the prediction of the natural frequency of specimens manufactured with other infill parameters and values, including different infill patterns.

Practical implications
As the malfunctions or mechanical damages can be caused by the resonant vibration of parts during use, this research develops a FE-parameterized model that evaluates and predicts the eigenfrequencies of 2D printed parts to prevent these undesirable events. The targeted functional applications are those in which 3D-printed polymer parts are used, such as drone arms or drone propellers.

Originality/value
This research studies the influence of process parameters on the natural frequency of 3D-printed polylactic acid specimens, a topic scarcely addressed in literature. It also proposes a new approach for the development of parameterized FE models for sets of parameters, instead of a general model, to reduce the time and resources allocated to the experimental tests. Such a model is provided in this paper for evaluating the influence of infill parameters on 3D prints eigenfrequency. The numerical model is validated for other infill settings.
Birds of different morphs use slightly different strategies to achieve similar reproductive performance following heatwave exposure
Authors: Fragueira Rita , Helfenstein Fabrice , Fischer Klaus , Beaulieu Michaël 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Responses to extreme climatic events may differ between individuals of distinct morphs which differ in life‐history strategies, resulting in climate change ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ within species.

We examined the reproductive performance and carry‐over effects on offspring of black‐ and red‐headed Gouldian finches Erythrura gouldiae after exposure to simulated heatwaves of moderate or severe intensity. We expected black‐headed pairs' reproductive performance to decline after the severe heatwave because only the condition of black‐headed females deteriorates during such a heatwave.

Supporting the fact that Gouldian finches of different morphs use alternative reproductive strategies, we found that black‐headed females initiated egg‐laying a month earlier than red‐headed females after experiencing a severe heatwave. We also found that this severe heatwave resulted in shorter spermatozoa in males irrespective of their morph. Despite these effects associated with heatwave intensity, the overall reproductive performance of both morphs was not affected by this factor, which was possibly due to an increased nestling provisioning rate by parents after exposure to the severe heatwave. However, offspring still bore the cost of parental exposure to the severe heatwave, as they showed a reduced condition (lower plasma antioxidant capacity and transient lower breathing rate) and higher oxidative damage (at least in fledglings with black‐headed parents).

These results suggest that inter‐morph phenotypic variability in the Gouldian finch does not result in clear differences in reproductive performance following heatwave exposure, despite basal phenotypic differences between morphs.

Whether animals using alternative reproductive strategies are, in the end, differently affected by climate changes will likely depend on the capacity of their offspring to recover from altered developmental conditions.
Phylogenetically closely related pseudomonads isolated from arthropods exhibit differential insect‐killing abilities and genetic variations in insecticidal factors
Authors: Vesga Pilar , Augustiny Eva , Keel Christoph , Maurhofer Monika , Vacheron Jordan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryStrains belonging to the Pseudomonas protegens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis species are able to control soilborne plant pathogens and to kill pest insects by producing virulence factors such as toxins, chitinases, antimicrobials or two‐partner secretion systems. Most insecticidal Pseudomonas described so far were isolated from roots or soil. It is unknown whether these bacteria naturally occur in arthropods and how they interact with them. Therefore, we isolated P. protegens and P. chlororaphis from various healthy insects and myriapods, roots and soil collected in an agricultural field and a neighbouring grassland. The isolates were compared for insect killing, pathogen suppression and host colonization abilities. Our results indicate that neither the origin of isolation nor the phylogenetic position mirror the degree of insecticidal activity. Pseudomonas protegens strains appeared homogeneous regarding phylogeny, biocontrol and insecticidal capabilities, whereas P. chlororaphis strains were phylogenetically and phenotypically more heterogenous. A phenotypic and genomic analysis of five closely related P. chlororaphis isolates displaying varying levels of insecticidal activity revealed variations in genes encoding insecticidal factors that may account for the reduced insecticidal activity of certain isolates. Our findings point towards an adaption to insects within closely related pseudomonads and contribute to understand the ecology of insecticidal Pseudomonas.
Metagenomic insights into soil microbial communities involved in carbon cycling along an elevation climosequences
Authors: Dai Zhongmin , Zang Huadong , Chen Jie , Fu Yingyi , Wang Xuehua , Liu Huaiting , Shen Congcong , Wang Jianjun , Kuzyakov Yakov , Becker Joscha N. , Hemp Andreas , Barberán Albert , Gunina Anna , Chen Huaihai , Luo Yu , Xu Jianming 
Published: July 2021

SummaryDiversity and community composition of soil microorganisms along the elevation climosequences have been widely studied, while the microbial metabolic potential, particularly in regard to carbon (C) cycling, remains unclear. Here, a metagenomic analysis of C related genes along five elevations ranging from 767 to 4190 m at Mount Kilimanjaro was analysed to evaluate the microbial organic C transformation capacities in various ecosystems. The highest gene abundances for decomposition of moderate mineralizable compounds, i.e. carbohydrate esters, chitin and pectin were found at the mid‐elevations with hump‐shaped pattern, where the genes for decompositions of recalcitrant C (i.e. lignin) and easily mineralizable C (i.e. starch) showed the opposite trend (i.e. U‐shaped pattern), due to high soil pH and seasonality in both low and high elevations. Notably, the gene abundances for the decompositions of starch, carbohydrate esters, chitin and lignin had positive relationships with corresponding C compounds, indicating the consistent responses of microbial functional profiles and metabolites to elevation climosequences. Understanding of adaptation of microbial communities, potential function and metabolites to elevation climosequences and their influencing factors provided a new insight for the regulation of terrestrial C storage.
Lactate metabolism in strictly anaerobic microorganisms with a soluble NAD+‐dependent l‐lactate dehydrogenase
Authors: Rosenbaum Florian P. , Poehlein Anja , Egelkamp Richard , Daniel Rolf , Harder Sönke , Schlüter Hartmut , Schoelmerich Marie Charlotte 
Published: July 2021

SummaryLactate is a universal metabolite and energy source, yet the mode of lactate metabolism in many strictly anaerobic microorganisms is still enigmatic. This sparked us to investigate the biochemistry and bioenergetics of lactate metabolism in the model acetogenic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica. Growth and metabolism were dependent on CO2 and the chemiosmotic gradient. We discovered a l‐lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (LDH) in cell‐free extracts, exhibiting an average specific activity of 362.8 ± 22.9 mU mg−1. The enzyme was reversible, most active at 65°C and pH 9, with Km values of 23.1 ± 3.7 mM for l‐lactate and 273.3 ± 39.1 μM for NAD+. In‐gel activity assays and mass spectrometric proteomics revealed that the ldh gene encoded the characterized LDH. Transcriptomic and genomic analyses showed that ldh expression was induced by lactate and there was a single nucleotide polymorphism near the predicted NAD+ binding site. Genes encoding central redox and energy metabolism complexes, such as, the energetic coupling site Ech2, menaquinone, and the electron bifurcating EtfABCX and MTHFR were also upregulated in cells grown on lactate. These findings ultimately lead to a redox‐balanced metabolic model that shows how growth on lactate can proceed in a microorganism that only has a conventional NAD+‐reducing LDH.
‘It's scientific!’ Play, parody, and the para‐ethnographic in Southwest China
Authors: Swancutt Katherine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlay and games encourage persons to hold the world at a distance, while occasionally challenging its norms through parody, mimicry, and clowning, too. In this article, I offer new ethnography on drinking games among the Nuosu of Southwest China, who distribute penalty shots by injecting them directly into glasses with a syringe. While this revelry may evoke the recent Nuosu history of heroin (ab)use and HIV/AIDS, syringes are used in drinking games to parody the scientific writ large, which encompasses China's modern nation‐building approach, rationality, technological progress, biomedicine, hygiene, urban life, industry, precise standardized measurements, and even the human sciences, including anthropology, ethnology, and ethno‐history. Offering two case studies in which Nuosu ethno‐historians gesture to the scientific and the para‐ethnographic during drinking games, I show that – like ethnography – their play is meant to encourage everyone to stretch the bounds of the occasion by adopting a reflexive stance towards it.
A comparative study of amino acid, mineral and vitamin profiles of milk from Turkish Saanen, Hair and Maltese goat breeds throughout lactation
Authors: Günay Emine , Güneşer Onur , Karagül Yüceer Yonca 
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in nutritional compounds such as amino acids, minerals, and vitamins in the milk of Turkish Saanen, Hair and Maltese goat breeds. The Turkish Saanen goat breed had lower dry matter, fat, nitrogen, and vitamins A, E and B2than Maltese and Hair goat breeds throughout lactation period. High levels of proline, leucine, glutamic acid, and glutamine were found in all breeds. Except for tyrosine, all other amino acids were higher in Hair goat milk than those in other breed milk. The calcium content of the samples ranged from 1164.79 to 1214.16 mg/L.