bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Lymph Node Dissection on Survival in Intermediate- and High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Xin Shi-Yong , Zhai Ting-Shuai , Jin Liang , Liu Xiang , Zhang Jia-Xin , Sun Xian-Chao , Mei Wang-Li , Zhang Bi-Hui , Yao Xu-Dong , Ye Lin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective Aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) on survival and determine the predictors of lymph node involvement (LNI) in patients with intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) treated with Radical Prostatectomy (RP).Methods 75,583 patients undergoing RP with or without PLND between 2010 and 2016 were extracted from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching due to potential differences according to the 2 cohorts. Cox regression models (CRMs) were used to test the effect of PLND on overall mortality (OM) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the predictors of LNI.Results The propensity-score-matched cohort includes 52,314 patients with or without PLND. Kaplan Meier analysis confirmed that patients receiving PLND had a poorer prognosis than those without PLND (P<0.05). But the multivariable CRMs after adjustment showed that PLND was not an independent predictor for OM and CSM (P>0.05). According to multivariable CRMs, patients with locally advanced PCa in whom PLND was performed had higher OM (HR 1.67, CI 1.36-2.06) and CSM (HR 2.26, CI 1.16-3.12) risks compared to patients without PLND (p < 0.001). Compared to patients with intermediate-risk PCa, there was a higher risk of LNI in patients with locally advanced PCa (OR 16.82, 95% CI 5.05-56.06, P<0.001).Conclusions In the intermediate- or high-risk localised PCa, there was no signiﬁcant difference in survival outcome in patients with or without PLND. Locally advanced PCa was significantly associated with LNI but can’t benefit from PLND.
Predictors of Histological Upgrading at Radical Prostatectomy in Patients With Localised Low-Grade Prostate Cancer and Pretreatment Biparametric MRI
Authors: Christiansen Ola , Bratt Ola , Kirkevold Øyvind , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Manoharan Pathmakulendran , Selnes Anders , Haug Erik Skaaheim , Slaaen Marit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

PSA density has previously been identified as a predictor of histological upgrading at radical prostatectomy in men eligible for active surveillance, but how information from pretreatment biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) contributes needs further clarification. The objective of this register-based study was to identify predictors of upgrading at prostatectomy in men with Gleason Grade (GG) group 1 and pretreatment bpMRI.
Methods

This study included all 130 men with GG 1 cancer who between March 2014 and September 2019 had a robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) at Innlandet Hospital Trust and a bpMRI before their diagnostic biopsy. The outcome measure was upgrading from GG 1 on biopsy to GG 2–5 in the radical prostatectomy specimen. Logistic regression models were used to explore predictors for upgrading. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The association between PSA density and the probability of upgrading was assessed after stratifying by Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System and Reporting Datasystem (PI-RADS): PI-RADS 1–3 versus 4–5.
Results

Upgrading was present in 56% (73/130) of the cancers. PSA density was the only significant predictor for upgrading (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2; 2.5). The probability of upgrading was higher for men with a PIRADS 1–3 than for men with PIRADS 4–5, but the difference was not statistically significant (adjusted OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2; 1.1, p = 0.082). However, among men with PI-RADS 1–3, the probability gradually increased with increasing PSA density (p = 0.036). With PI-RADS 4–5 the probability of upgrading was high over the entire PSA density range.
Conclusion

PSA density is a clinically important factor to predict upgrading from GG 1 to GG 2–5 when bpMRI shows no suspicious lesion. In men with a suspicious tumour on bpMRI (PI-RADS 4–5), the probability of an undetected GG 2–5 cancer is high regardless of the PSA density.
A Case-Control Study of Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Healthcare Workers in Colombia.
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Merida , Parra Beatriz , Vergara Enrique , Rey Laura , Salcedo Mercedes , Arturo Gabriela , Alarcon Liliana , Holguin Jorge , Osorio Lyda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Healthcare Workers (HCW) are repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW in one of the largest cities in Colombia. Methods: We conducted a case-control study, where cases had a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and controls had a negative result. Participants were randomly selected and interviewed by phone. Analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Results: A total of 110 cases and 113 controls were included. Men (AdjOR 4.1 95%CI 1.7-10), Nurses (AdjOR 11.2 95%CI 1.1-119.6), not using a high-performance filtering mask (AdjOR 2.2 95%CI 1-5.1) and inadequate use of personal protective equipment (AdjOR 4.8 95%CI 1.1-19.6) were identified as risk factors. Conversely, graduate (AdjOR 0.1 95%CI 0.01-0.5) and postgraduate (AdjOR 0.05 95%CI 0.004-0.5) education, feeling scared or nervous (AdjOR 0.5 95%CI0.2-0.9), not wearing any of gloves, hat and googles/face shields (AdjOR 0.1 95%CI0.02-0.4), and the use of high-performance filtering or a combination of fabric plus surgical mask (AdjOR 0.2 95%CI 0.1-0.8) outside the workplace were protective factors. Conclusion: This study highlights the protection provided by high-performance filtering mask or double masking among HCW. Individual factors and the difficulties of wearing other protective equipment needs to be considered in designing, implementing and monitoring COVID-19 biosafety protocols for HCW.
Energy Optimization Approach in a Relay-assisted D2D Communication
Authors: ABDENNOUR Anouar BEN , Kabaou Mohamed Ouwais , Rhaimi Belgacem Chibani , Ali Amel Ben 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we are interested in the problem of radio resources management in order to optimize energy consumption in a D2D communication. This aims being able to meet the needs of all users and therefore the establishment a Quality of Services (QoS). We will propose an approach whose objective is to manage not only overcoming interference situations in order to guarantee QoS but also optimizing the energy consumption of various devices in the D2D communication.
Governance of Health Research in Four Eastern and Southern African Countries
Authors: Juma Pamela A , Jones Catherine M , Mijumbi-Dave Rhona , Wenham Clare , Masupe Tiny , Biemba Godfrey , Sobngwi Joelle , Mutombo Namuunda , Parkhurst Justin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Health research governance is an essential function of national health research systems. Yet many African countries have not developed strong health research governance structures and processes. This paper presents a comparative analysis of national health research governance in Botswana, Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia where health sciences research production is well established relative to some others in the region, and continues to grow. It aims to examine progress made and challenges faced in strengthening health research governance in these countries.Methods: We collected data through document review and key informant interviews with a total of 80 participants including decision-makers, researchers, and funders across stakeholder institutions in the four countries. Data on health research governance were thematically coded for policies, legislation, regulation, and institutions and analyzed comparatively across the four national health research systems.Results: All countries were found to be moving from using a research governance framework set by national science, technology and innovation policies to one that is more anchored in health research structures and policies within the health sectors. Kenya and Zambia have adopted health research legislation and policies, while Botswana and Uganda are in the process of developing the same. National level health research coordination and regulation is still hampered by inadequate financial and human resource capacities, which present a challenge for building strong health research governance institutions.Conclusion: Building health research governance as a key pillar of national health research systems involve developing stronger governance institutions, strengthening health research legislation, increasing financing for governance processes, and improving human resource capacity in health research governance and management.
A Method for Evaluating the Formability of Tailor Rolled Blank (TRB) by Means of the Forming Limit Margin Field Graph in Forming Process
Authors: Cai Da , Ou Hang , Hu Ming , Li Guangyao , Cui Junjia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tailor rolled blank (TRB) with graded thickness has shown great potential in the automobile field. Using traditional forming limit diagrams (FLDs) to evaluate TRB formability is challenging due to thickness variations. In this paper, a 3D forming limit surface (FLS) considering the influence of thickness was obtained. A numerical model was developed to predict final strains. Moreover, a forming margin was denoted and calculated to generate the forming limit margin field graph for quantitative evaluation of the TRB formability. Results showed that as the punch travel increased, the forming margin value decreased. As the travel changed from 35.2 mm to 37.4 mm, the corresponding forming margin value changed from 0.002 to -0.024. The formability declined, and the specimen eventually cracked on the thinner side. Besides, the deformation and strain paths predicted by simulation agreed well with those measured from formed part, which indicated that the final strains used in formability evaluation were reliable. The method was suitable for quantitative evaluation of the formability and predicting the cracking position in TRB forming.
Phonons and Quantum Criticality Revealed by Temperature Linear Resistivity in Twisted Double Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Chu Yanbang , Liu Le , Shen Cheng , Tian Jinpeng , Tang Jian , Zhao Yanchong , Liu Jieying , Yuan Yalong , Ji Yiru , Yang Rong , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shi Dongxia , Wu Fengcheng , Yang Wei , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) is an electric-field-tunable moiré system, exhibiting electron correlated states and related temperature linear (T-linear) resistivity. The displacement field provides a new knob to in-situ tune the relative strength of electron interactions in TDBG, yielding not only a rich phase diagram but also the ability to investigate each phase individually. Here, we report a study of carrier density (n), displacement field (D) and twist angle (θ) dependence of T-linear resistivity in TDBG. For a large twist angle (θ > 1.5°) where correlated insulating states are absent, we observe a T-linear resistivity (order of 10Ω/K) over a wide range of carrier density and its slope decreases with increasing of n before reaching the van Hove singularity, in agreement with acoustic phonon scattering model. The slope of T-linear resistivity is non-monotonically dependent on displacement field, with a single peak structure closely connected to single-particle van Hove Singularity (vHS) in TDBG. For an optimal twist angle of ~ 1.23° in the presence of correlated states, the slope of T-linear resistivity is found maximum at the boundary of the correlated halo regime (order of 100Ω/K), resulting a ‘M’ shape displacement field dependence. The observation is beyond the phonon scattering model from single particle picture, and instead it suggests a strange metal behavior. We interpret the observation as a result of symmetry-breaking instability developed at quantum critical points where electron degeneracy changes. Our results demonstrate that TDBG is an ideal system to study the interplay between phonon and quantum criticality, and might help to map out the evolution of the order parameters for the ground states.
Active control of micrometer plasmon propagation in suspended graphene
Authors: Dai Qing , Hu Hai , Yu Renwen , Hu Debo , McLeod Alexander , Alonso-González Pablo , Guo Xiangdong , Teng Hanchao , Li Chan , Chen Na , Chen Xinzhong , Yao Ziheng , Qu Yunpeng , Li Zhongjun , Chen Jianing , Sun Zhipei , Liu Mengkun , de Abajo Javier Garcia , Yang Xiaoxia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Doped graphene supports ultrahigh-confined, low-loss, and tunable surface plasmons that hold great potential for developing infrared optoelectronic nanodevices with unprecedented capabilities. However, due to the two-dimensional character of this material, graphene plasmons have been invariably studied in supported samples so far. The substrate provides stability for graphene but often causes undesired interactions (such as dielectric loss, phonon hybridization, and impurity scattering) that compromise the quality of graphene plasmons, and limits intrinsic flexibility of the material. Here, we demonstrate the visualization of plasmons in suspended graphene at room temperature, exhibiting high-quality factor Q~33 and long propagation length >3 μm. Suspended graphene also provides an exceptional undisturbed plasmonic environment to exploit the behavior of the intrinsic flexibility under extrinsic modification. We introduce the graphene suspension height as a novel plasmonic tuning knob that enables in situ change of the dielectric environment and substantially modulates the plasmon wavelength, propagation length, and group velocity. Such active control of micrometer plasmon propagation facilitates near-unity-order modulation of nanoscale energy flow that serves a new plasmonic switch with an on-off ratio above 14. The suspended graphene plasmons possess long propagation length, high tunability, and controllable energy transmission simultaneously, opening up new horizons for their integration in practical photonic devices.
Variants Around miR-451 Can Affect the Risk of Large-artery Atherosclerosis Stroke in Chinese
Authors: Gu Jinyu , Tang Wuzhuang , Shen Chong , Li Zibao , Li Jie , Ren Zhanyun , Chen Feng , Zong Huihua , Wang Chao , Chen Wenchao , Li Yunzi , Li Yun , Zhang Zhizhong , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke has high incidence rate, mortality rate and disability rate. Genetic factors have a significant impact on stroke risk. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNA. Intergenic variants can affect the regulation of microRNAs and modulate large-artery atherosclerosis stroke susceptibility. The low expression of miR-451 aggravated ischemic injury significantly.Methods: Functional intergenic variants near hsa-mir-451 were identified by bioinformatics analysis. We conducted a case-control study to explore the associations of selected variants with large-artery atherosclerosis stroke risk in Chinese.Results: The rs901975 (G>A) near hsa-mir-451 was identified as a functional SNP for stroke susceptibility. The protective effect of A allele was significant in codominant model (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.44-0.89, P = 0.005), recessive model (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47-0.89, P = 0.006) and log-additive model (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.96, P = 0.012). We also found the significant effect in participants over 65 years old, male, hypertensive and diabetic people. Moreover, hypertensive people genotyped as GG+GA had 2.84 - fold increased risk compared with those genotyped as AA without hypertension (P interaction = 0.036). In the MEGASTROKE Consortium, rs901975 A allele also had protective effect on LAA stroke in Europeans (OR = 0.937, 95% CI: 0.882-0.996, P = 0.036). Combined analysis of our study and MEGASTROKE showed consistent trend (OR = 0.920, 95% CI: 0.869-0.973, P = 0.004).Conclusions: Our study suggested that rs901975 near hsa-mir-451 might affect large-artery atherosclerosis stroke susceptibility in Chinese population.
Indigofera Tinctoria Leaf Powder As A Promising Additive To Improve Indigo Fermentation Prepared With Sukumo (Composted Polygonum Tinctorium Leaves)
Authors: Lopes Helena de Fátima Silva , Tu Zhihao , Sumi Hisako , Yumoto Isao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Being insoluble in the oxidize form, indigo dye must be solubilized by reduction for it to penetrate textile. One of the procedures is the reduction by natural bacterial fermentation. Sukumo, composted leaves of Polygonum tinctorium, is a natural source of indigo in Japan. Although sukumo has an intrinsic bacterial seed, the onset of indigo reduction with this material may vary greatly. Certain additives improve indigo fermentation. Here, we studied the effects of Indigofera tinctoria leaf powder (LP) on the initiation of indigo reduction, bacterial community, redox potential (ORP), and dyeing intensity in the initial stages and in aged fermentation fluids prepared with sukumo. I. tinctoria LP markedly decreased ORP at day 1 and stabilised it during early fermentation. These effects could be explained by the phytochemicals present in I. tinctoria LP that act as oxygen scavengers and electron mediators. Using next generation sequencing results, we observed differences in the bacterial community in sukumo fermentation treated with I. tinctoria LP, which was not influenced by the bacterial community in I. tinctoria LP per se. The concomitant decrease in Bacillaceae and increase in Proteinivoraceae at the onset of fermentation and the ratio of facultative to obligate anaerobes are vital to the for initiation and maintenance of indigo reduction. Hence, I. tinctoria LP improved early indigo reduction by decreasing the ORP and hasten the appropriate transitions in the bacterial community in sukumo fermentation.
Left Subclavian Artery Revascularization in Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: Single Center’s Clinical Experiences From 171 Patients
Authors: Xie Wei , Xue Yunxing , Li Shuchun , Jin Min , Zhou Qing , Wang Dongjin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Left subclavian artery revascularization (LSA) is frequently performed in the setting of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR). The purpose of this study was to compare different techniques for LSA revascularization during TEVAR.Methods: We performed a single center’s retrospective cohort study from 2016 to 2019. Patients were categorized by LSA revascularization methods, including direct coverage without revascularization (Unrevascularized), carotid-subclavian bypass (CSB), fenestrated TEVAR (F-TEVAR). Indications, demographics, operation details, and outcomes were analyzed using standard statistical analysis.Results: 171 patients underwent TEVAR with LSA coverage, 16.4% (n=28) were unrevascularized and the remaining patients underwent CSB (n=100 [58.5%]) or F-TEVAR (n=43 [25.1%]). Demographics were similar between the unrevascularized and revascularized groups, except for procedure urgent status (p = 0.005). The incidence of postoperative spinal cord ischemia was significantly higher between unrevascularized and revascularized group (10.7% vs 1.4%; p = 0.032). There was no difference in 30-day and mid-term rates of mortality, stroke, and left upper extremity ischemia. CSB was more likely time-consuming than F-TEVAR [3.25 (2.83 - 4) vs 2 (1.67 – 2.67) hours, p = 0], but there were no statistically significant differences in 30-day or midterm outcomes for CSB vs F-TEVAR. During a mean follow-up time of 24.8 months, estimates survival rates had no difference.Conclusions: LSA revascularization in zone 2 TEVAR is necessary which is associated with a low 30-day rate of spinal cord ischemia. When LSA revascularization is required during TEVAR, CSB and F-TEVAR are all safe and effective methods, and F-TEVAR appears to offer equivalent clinical outcomes as a less time-consuming and minimally invasive alternative.
Analysis of Parental Abnormal Chromosomal Karyotype and Subsequent Live Births in Chinese Couples With Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: li shan , Chen Mei , Zheng Peng-Sheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The frequency and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities and the impact of parental chromosomal aberration on the pregnancy outcomes of couples with recurrent miscarriage remains controversial. 3235 RM couples who experienced two or more miscarriages before 20 weeks were diagnosed in our tertiary referral hospital during 2008 to 2018 and included in the single-centre retrospective cohort study covering a 10-year period. Chromosome aberration was detected in 121 (3.74%) among 3235 RM couples which included 75 female and 46 male cases at an individual level. 101 cases were structural aberrations including balanced translocations in 46(38.0%) cases, Robertsonian translocations in 13(10.7%) cases, inversions in 42(34.7%) cases and 20(16.5%) cases were numerical aberrations. 121 carriers and 428 non-carriers were followed up for two years，55 carriers and 229 non-carriers were subsequent pregnant after diagnosis by natural conception or intrauterine insemination. The frequency of carriers to have a health newborn was not significantly different with non-carriers (72.7% vs. 71.2%, adjusted p=0.968). This study described the majority of carriers were balanced translocations and chromosome aberrations had a limited influence on live birth rate from the present data. The results of the study also remind us that natural conception may be also a good alternative rather than PGD (Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis) which is common in many other reproductive centers for such patients.
Local extinction of an isolated dugong population near Okinawa Island, Japan
Authors: Kayanne Hajime , Hara Takeshi , Arai Nobuaki , Yamano Hiroya , Matsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A small animal population becomes extinct owing to demographic and environmental stochasticity after declining below the minimum viable population (MVP). However, the actual process of extinction derived by stochastic factors after crossing MVP has not been recorded for long-lived marine mammals. Here, we reconstructed the extinction history of a small, isolated population of dugongs in Okinawa over 125 years. The initial population size of 300 in the 19th century declined to 50 in 1916 (because of overfishing), 20 in 1979, 10 in 1999, 3 after 2006, and finally extinct in 2019. After 1979, a decline in the natural growth rate for only 20 individuals led to extinction. Long-lived animals fall below the MVP; thus, active conservation measures should have been taken much sooner than when the actual extinction happened.