bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of linear multi-functional phosphazene structures for polymer cross-linking
Authors: Chernysheva Anna I , Esin Andrey S , Soldatov Mikhail A , Bredov Nikolay S , Kireev Vyacheslav V , Oberemok Volodymyr V , Sirotin Igor S , Gorlov Mikhail V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Phosphazenes are a well-studied class of organometallic compounds with perspective characteristics, already tested in various applications. However, until now, three-dimensionally crosslinked structures based on them are primarily obtained by irradiation (that is UV and Cobalt-60). It is generally accepted that such processes proceed via the mechanism of the cleavage of C-H bonds present in the organic substituents, which clearly indicates the lack of selectivity and the impossibility to control the crosslinking degree and distribution. Within this article, multifunctional organosubstituted structures based on the short-chain penta-functional trichlorophosphazodichlorophosphonyl with eugenol and methacrylic fragments were obtained. All products were characterized by1H and31P NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The tendency of compounds with linear methacrylic substituents to undergo the phosphazene-phosphazane rearrangement, so that the dominant reaction product turns to the tetrasubstituted derivative, has been shown. All the obtained compounds can be used as the independent monomers to obtain rigid hybrid organo-inorganic matrices, as well as polyfunctional crosslinking agents for various polymers.
Self-contained drilling assembly
Authors: Belozertseva L Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Based on the analysis of technologies and equipment for the construction of borehole, the necessity and advantages of self-contained drilling assemblies are revealed and substantiated. The experience of engineering and application of such facilities is generalized. The key requirements to be imposed on a self-contained percussion drilling assembly are formulated. This paper can awaken interest of researchers and practitioners in mining machine engineering.
Ion-plasma coatings performance properties improvement obtained by arc deposition
Authors: Bogdanovich V I , Giorbelidze M G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Influence of micro-droplet phase content in erosion products of cathodes made of various materials on coating properties produced by vacuum ion-plasma electro-arc method has been revealed. Amount of micro-droplet phase and its fractional content in a plasma jet have been researched. Coefficient standard distribution of micro-droplet phase content depending on cathode material and production conditions, distance from the cathode to the deposition surface, arc current and the temperature of the cathode surface have been obtained. General manufacturing methods and design concepts to reduce micro-droplet phase have been formulated.
Analysis of contact strength of spherical roller transmission with double-row pinion
Authors: Lustenkov M E , Moiseenko A N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed description of the design of the spherical roller transmission. The pinion has two rows of rollers; the axes of the rollers are located on conical surfaces. When the transmission is operating, the pinion performs a regular precession and the rollers are in contact with the teeth of the stationary and driven central gears. The transmission provides high reduction ratios in a lightweight, compact package. The center of mass of the pinion is located on the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, which reduces the axial moment of inertia and improves the balance of the system compared to double-pinion planetary gears mounted on the drive shaft with eccentricity. Rolling bodies are used in place of teeth, which leads to improved efficiency. The main performance criterion is the contact strength of the teeth of the driven central gear. An equation to calculate maximum contact stresses has been derived by using Hertz theory. An algorithm for calculating the number of the rollers simultaneously engaged and transferring the load is proposed.
Experimental estimation of efficiency and kinematic accuracy of a spherical roller transmission
Authors: Lustenkova E S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spherical roller transmissions with double-row pinions provide high reduction ratios in drives with a compact and lightweight design. The transmissions can be used as mechanical modules in kinematic chains of robots and manipulators. The pinion has two rows of coaxially arranged rollers and, when in operation, performs a regular precession. The paper examines the characteristics of an experimental model of a speed reducer with a spherical roller transmission with a reduction ratio of 44. The arrangement of the test rig as well as the test instruments and methods are described. The results of experimental study determining the efficiency of a spherical roller transmission depending on the torque being transmitted and the rotational speed of the drive shaft are presented. It has been found that the mean efficiency of the speed reducer is within the range of 0.7 … 0.8 and its maximum value is 0.81, which corresponds to the efficiency of worm gears with similar characteristics. The theoretical calculations for determining the efficiency, which were obtained in previous studies, have been confirmed; the value of the reduced friction coefficient has been calculated. The constancy of the efficiency and the reduction ratio of the experimental model of the speed reducer and the factors influencing this constancy have been investigated.
Surface treatment by combined processes of cutting and magnetodynamic rolling
Authors: Svirepa D M , Kruchynina A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Technologies for mechanical treatment of the inner cylindrical surface of parts using combination tools have a number of advantages over traditional methods. The combination of two technological processes in one operation (cutting and magnetodynamic rolling) leads to increased production efficiency, reduced cost of parts manufacturing and improved quality characteristics of the machined surface. The developed designs of tools for combined treatment with various magnetic modules (with radial and axial arrangement of the magnetic system) have a number of specific features and advantages, which makes it possible to expand the field of application of the combination tools.
Cold deformation of non-circular drill pipes
Authors: Parshin S V , Dronov A I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the pipe billet dimensions are determined according to the required kelly configuration. A finite element model of the deformation center at drawing junctions is created. Based on the stress-strain calculations, the following invariants are determined: hydrostatic pressure, load, and degree of shear strain. The metal damage extent is determined and proved to be reducible by performing the two-pass drawing. It is shown that the ‘pendulum’ heat treatment provides for complete healing of the metal defects caused by plastic deformation. As a result, a technology of producing high quality kellies is proposed.
iLabit Robotica: A Photo-Realistic Extension for Robotics Toolbox
Authors: Kholodilin Ivan , Savosteenko Nikita , Abramov Yuri , Lago Luis A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a photo-realistic extension for Robotics Toolbox (iLabit Robotica). Built using Unity, the proposed simulator integrates the 6-axis robot arm, sensors, and elements for interactions. iLabit Robotica is aimed to increase the quality of the engineering education and motivation of students towards the educational process, by providing a new beginning for the project-based learning (PBL) approach with the aid of virtual technologies. We strongly believe that by simulating real technological processes and integrating them into the educational process, students will not only achieve a valuable practical experience by solving “real-life” existing problems, but also a substantial interest towards the subject. We demonstrate the compatibility between our simulator and Robotics Toolbox by interacting with objects placed inside the virtual environment through Matlab via TCP/IP. Experiments demonstrate that the operating process is simple and it provides robust results and a higher measurement accuracy. The proposed simulator and supporting materials are available online: http://www.ilabit.org.
Studying Interaction of Multi-Motor Forming System for Double Curvature Items
Authors: Deryuzhkova N E , Solovyev V A , Teterin V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Large double curvature panels are widely used in manufacture of modern aircraft bodies. One of the possible ways to manufacture such parts is to form a workpiece using the method of high temperature multi-point forming by means of a set of moving cores. The paper considers workpiece forming process using different core unit configurations and presents the results of workpiece behaviour study during forming, obtained by means of a finite element method. Conclusions are made on the existing interconnections between forming cores during the forming process.
The design of a support chair for more effective patient rehabilitation
Authors: Mamontov G , Seryakov V , Khmelevsky Y , Tkacheva L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The authors examined the effect of different color shades on a person and found an effective color and shape solution that can improve the quality of rehabilitation equipment. The paper presents a survey of colors and shapes visual perception by human. As result of theoretical and experimental research, the rehabilitation support chair was designed as a cube-shaped structure with elements painted in shades of dark blue, yellow and white.
Quality Ratios for Public Transport Services
Authors: Novikov A N , Eremin S V , Shevtsova A G , Lomakin D O , Kulev A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The system of quality indicators used for public transportation is proposed by the authors. Additionally, the paper considers the necessity to develop an assessment ratio, which defines a competitiveness level among enterprises. To assess the activities of a transport operator, the authors proposed to apply a four-level system that will assess the quality of transportation: the level of service may be “excellent”, “good”, “satisfactory” and “unacceptable”.
A device for automatic feeding of coated electrodes into a weld pool
Authors: Gordynets A S , Nepomnyashiy A S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the specification of a device for automatic feeding of coated electrodes into a weld pool and the results of its application. It eliminates subjective assessment methods and professional skills of welders, which contributes to a more stable metal transfer into the weld pool. The research results have shown that automatic feeding of coated electrodes into a weld pool enables to reasonably assess their welding and technological properties. Any devices similar to the developed one and the results of their tests have not been found.
Flexural properties of copper-filled carbon fiber reinforced polymers
Authors: Eremin A V , Burkov A V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The paper demonstrates the results of flexural tests of carbon fiber reinforced polymers with the addition of copper microfillers with content varying from 2.5 to 10 wt%. It is shown that the implemented dispersive reinforcement leads to the increase of flexural strength on composites by 9%, while the elastic modulus remains the same. The reasons for the advancement in mechanical properties are discussed.
Sex-specific contributions to nest building in birds
Authors: Mainwaring Mark C , Nagy Jenő , Hauber Mark E 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe causes and consequences of interspecific variation in sex-specific contributions to animal parental care are relatively well understood during pregnancy or incubation and during offspring provisioning, but comparative patterns of sex-biased investment during nest-, den-, or other shelter-building have been almost completely overlooked. This is surprising because birthing shelters’ protective properties have important fitness consequences for both parents and offspring. Here, we address this gap in our knowledge by testing predictions concerning sex-specific contributions to avian nest building in more than 500 species of Western Palearctic birds in relation to the time available to breed and sex-specific reproductive effort, while also examining correlates with nesting site and nest structure. Using multivariate phylogenetic comparative and path analysis approaches, we found that, opposite to what had been predicted, species in which females build nests alone have shorter breeding seasons and breed at higher latitudes. In addition, species in which females lay larger clutch sizes and incubate eggs alone are more likely to have nests built by females alone, again countering predictions that reproductive contributions are not traded-off between the sexes. Finally, however, sex-specific nest building contributions were predictably related to nest site and structure, as species in which females built nests alone were more likely to have open cup nests relative to enclosed, domed nests of species in which both parents build. Our study provides important new insights, and generates several new questions for experimental research into the adaptive dynamics of sex-specific contributions prior or at the onset of parental care.
muCNV: genotyping structural variants for population-level sequencing
Authors: Jun Goo , Sedlazeck Fritz , Zhu Qihui , English Adam , Metcalf Ginger , Kang Hyun Min ,   Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium (HGSVC), Lee Charles , Gibbs Richard , Boerwinkle Eric 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
There are high demands for joint genotyping of structural variations with short-read sequencing, but efficient and accurate genotyping in population scale is a challenging task.

Results
We developed muCNV that aggregates per-sample summary pileups for joint genotyping of &gt;100 000 samples. Pilot results show very low Mendelian inconsistencies. Applications to large-scale projects in cloud show the computational efficiencies of muCNV genotyping pipeline.

Availabilityand implementation
muCNV is publicly available for download at: https://github.com/gjun/muCNV.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quantification of cell behaviors and computational modeling show that cell directional behaviors drive zebrafish pectoral fin morphogenesis
Authors: Dokmegang Joel , Nguyen Hanh , Kardash Elena , Savy Thierry , Cavaliere Matteo , Peyriéras Nadine , Doursat René 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Understanding the mechanisms by which the zebrafish pectoral fin develops is expected to produce insights on how vertebrate limbs grow from a 2D cell layer to a 3D structure. Two mechanisms have been proposed to drive limb morphogenesis in tetrapods: a growth-based morphogenesis with a higher proliferation rate at the distal tip of the limb bud than at the proximal side, and directed cell behaviors that include elongation, division and migration in a non-random manner. Based on quantitative experimental biological data at the level of individual cells in the whole developing organ, we test the conditions for the dynamics of pectoral fin early morphogenesis.

Results
We found that during the development of the zebrafish pectoral fin, cells have a preferential elongation axis that gradually aligns along the proximodistal (PD) axis of the organ. Based on these quantitative observations, we build a center-based cell model enhanced with a polarity term and cell proliferation to simulate fin growth. Our simulations resulted in 3D fins similar in shape to the observed ones, suggesting that the existence of a preferential axis of cell polarization is essential to drive fin morphogenesis in zebrafish, as observed in the development of limbs in the mouse, but distal tip-based expansion is not.

Availabilityand implementation
Upon publication, biological data will be available at http://bioemergences.eu/modelingFin, and source code at https://github.com/guijoe/MaSoFin.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Kcnq2/Kv7.2 controls the threshold and bi-hemispheric symmetry of cortical spreading depolarization
Authors: Aiba Isamu , Noebels Jeffrey L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Spreading depolarization is a slowly propagating wave of massive cellular depolarization associated with acute brain injury and migraine aura. Genetic studies link depolarizing molecular defects in Ca2+ flux, Na+ current in interneurons, and glial Na+-K+ ATPase with spreading depolarization susceptibility, emphasizing the important roles of synaptic activity and extracellular ionic homeostasis in determining spreading depolarization threshold. In contrast, although gene mutations in voltage-gated potassium ion channels that shape intrinsic membrane excitability are frequently associated with epilepsy susceptibility, it is not known whether epileptogenic mutations that regulate membrane repolarization also modify spreading depolarization threshold and propagation. Here we report that the Kcnq2/Kv7.2 potassium channel subunit, frequently mutated in developmental epilepsy, is a spreading depolarization modulatory gene with significant control over the seizure-spreading depolarization transition threshold, bi-hemispheric cortical expression, and diurnal temporal susceptibility. Chronic DC-band cortical EEG recording from behaving conditional Kcnq2 deletion mice (Emx1cre/+::Kcnq2flox/flox) revealed spontaneous cortical seizures and spreading depolarization. In contrast to the related potassium channel deficient model, Kv1.1-KO mice, spontaneous cortical spreading depolarizations in Kcnq2 cKO mice are tightly coupled to the terminal phase of seizures, arise bilaterally, and are observed predominantly during the dark phase. Administration of the non-selective Kv7.2 inhibitor XE991 to Kv1.1-KO mice partly reproduced the Kcnq2 cKO-like spreading depolarization phenotype (tight seizure coupling and bilateral symmetry) in these mice, indicating that Kv7.2 currents can directly and actively modulate spreading depolarization properties. In vitro brain slice studies confirmed that Kcnq2/Kv7.2 depletion or pharmacological inhibition intrinsically lowers the cortical spreading depolarization threshold, whereas pharmacological Kv7.2 activators elevate the threshold to multiple depolarizing and hypometabolic spreading depolarization triggers. Together these results identify Kcnq2/Kv7.2 as a distinctive spreading depolarization regulatory gene, and point to spreading depolarization as a potentially significant pathophysiological component of KCNQ2-linked epileptic encephalopathy syndromes. Our results also implicate KCNQ2/Kv7.2 channel activation as a potential adjunctive therapeutic target to inhibit spreading depolarization incidence.
The Essential Role of Data and Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) in Ensuring the Ethics of Global Vaccine Trials to Address Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19O)
Authors: Eckstein Lisa , Rid Annette , Kamuya Dorcas , Shah Seema K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are being developed and implemented with unprecedented speed. Accordingly, trials considered ethical at their inception may quickly become concerning. We provide recommendations for Data and Safety Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) on monitoring the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine trials, focusing on placebo-controlled trials in low- and middle-income countries.
External validation of the Madrid Acute Kidney Injury Prediction Score
Authors: Del Carpio Jacqueline , Marco Maria Paz , Martin Maria Luisa , Craver Lourdes , Jatem Elias , Gonzalez Jorge , Chang Pamela , Ibarz Mercedes , Pico Silvia , Falcon Gloria , Canales Marina , Huertas Elisard , Romero Iñaki , Nieto Nacho , Segarra Alfons 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The Madrid Acute Kidney Injury Prediction Score (MAKIPS) is a recently described tool capable of performing automatic calculations of the risk of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (HA-AKI) using data from from electronic clinical records that could be easily implemented in clinical practice. However, to date, it has not been externally validated. The aim of our study was to perform an external validation of the MAKIPS in a hospital with different characteristics and variable case mix.

Methods
This external validation cohort study of the MAKIPS was conducted in patients admitted to a single tertiary hospital between April 2018 and September 2019. Performance was assessed by discrimination using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and calibration plots.

Results
A total of 5.3% of the external validation cohort had HA-AKI. When compared with the MAKIPS cohort, the validation cohort showed a higher percentage of men as well as a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, anaemia, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, connective tissue diseases and renal disease, whereas the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease, liver disease, malignancy, metastatic solid tumours and acquired immune deficiency syndrome was significantly lower. In the validation cohort, the MAKIPS showed an area under the curve of 0.798 (95% confidence interval 0.788–0.809). Calibration plots showed that there was a tendency for the MAKIPS to overestimate the risk of HA-AKI at probability rates ˂0.19 and to underestimate at probability rates between 0.22 and 0.67.

Conclusions
The MAKIPS can be a useful tool, using data that are easily obtainable from electronic records, to predict the risk of HA-AKI in hospitals with different case mix characteristics.
Membranous nephropathy: a single disease or a pattern of injury resulting from different diseases
Authors: Sethi Sanjeev 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is defined as disease entity characterized by thickening of the glomerular basement membranes due to subepithelial (SE) deposition of immune complexes. It is typically classified into primary MN (70%) when there is no disease association, and secondary MN (30%) when there is an underlying disease association such as lupus, malignancy, infections or drugs. Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) are target antigens in 70% and 1–5% of primary MN, respectively. The antigens in the remaining MN were not known. Recently, multiple novel proteins/target antigens have been identified in MN. These include exostosin 1/2, neural epidermal growth-like 1 protein, semaphorin 3B, protocadherin 7 and neural cell adhesion molecule 1. Some of these antigens are present in the setting of primary MN, some in secondary MN and some in both, thus blurring the lines between primary and secondary MN. Preliminary studies show that each of the new antigen-associated MN has distinct clinical, kidney biopsy findings and outcome data. We propose that each new protein/antigen-associated MN is a specific disease that results in the common MN pattern of injury characterized by thickened glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with or without spikes or pinholes on light microscopy, granular immunoglobulin G with or without complement 3 on immunofluorescence microscopy and SE electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy. In other words, MN is truly only a pattern of injury resulting from specific diseases that cause deposition of SE immune deposits along the GBM. It is of paramount importance to ascertain the specific disease entity causing the MN pattern not only for precise diagnosis and management, but also for future studies on these newly described diseases.