bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatophytes, dermatophytosis in the Caribbean and potential for herbal therapy
Authors: Gugnani Harish 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Dermatophytes are a group of morphologically related keratinophilic fungi that invade keratinized tissue (skin, hair, and nails) of humans and warm-blooded animals to produce clinical lesions (dermatophytosis). Clinical lesions are traditionally divided according to the site infected, namely, scalp (tinea capitis), feet (tinea pedis, commonly called “athletes’ foot”), groin, inner thighs, or buttocks (tinea cruris, commonly called “jock itch”), beard (tinea barbae), hands (tinea manuum, toe nails or finger nails (tinea unguium, also called onychomycosis), face, non-bearded area (tinea faciei) and other parts of the body, such as arms, abdomen, or legs (tinea corporis). Dermatophytosis is common world-wide and is caused by species of three genera of dermatophytes, namely Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. This study presents an update of ecology of different species of dermatophytes and epidemiology of infections caused by them in the Caribbean. Possibility of herbal therapy of these infections as an alternative treatment is also dealt with.
Methods: A thorough search of literature was made using PubMed, MEDLINE, Biomed Lib, Med Facts, and different sets of key words, viz. dermatophytes, tineas in Caribbean, occurrence in animals, soil etc.
Results: It was revealed that incidence of dermatophytic infections and their epidemiologic characteristics depend on social, geographic, and environmental factors and may change with passage of time. For instance, prior to year 2000, the major cause of tinea capitis in North America for 100 years was Microsporum canis followed by M. audouinii; Since 1950 Trichophyton tonsurans has advanced from Mexico and the Caribbean to be currently a major cause of tinea capitis in North America. The two dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum and M. fulvum, and several Chrysosporium species have been frequently isolated form soils in different countries in the Caribbean.
Conclusions: There is almost complete lack of information on human infections due to dermatophytes in several Caribbean countries. The preponderant occurrence of M. fulvum in Anguilla soils with comparatively rare isolation of M. gypseum is a significant observation. The need for further epidemiological studies on dermatophyosis in the Caribbean countries cannot be overemphasized.
Are Some Subtypes of Video Gamer More at Risk for Gambling Issues? A Latent Class Analysis of a Canadian Sample of University Students
Authors: Biegun Jeffery , Edgerton Jason D , Keough Matthew T 
Published: February 2021

Recently there has been growing interest in identifying links between video game playing and problem gambling. As video games continue to take on more gambling-like elements such as loot boxes, there is rising concern that they represent a potential pathway towards problem gambling. In this study, we explored video gamer profiles in a sample of Canadian undergraduate university students (n = 687) to examine whether subgroups of gamers had different risk profiles for problem video gaming and/or problem gambling. Three predominant subgroups emerged: universal, free-to-play, and general gamer classes. Whereas the free-to-play class was associated with higher average amounts of time spent playing video games, the universal class was associated with higher average scores on measures of problem video gaming, problem gambling, and impulsivity. Although motivational differences were evident, there were no significant mental health differences among subgroups in this sample.RésuméOn s’intéresse de plus en plus depuis peu de temps à l’établissement de liens entre la pratique des jeux vidéo et le jeu compulsif. À mesure que les jeux vidéo comportent davantage d’éléments de jeux de hasard comme des coffres à butin, on s’inquiète davantage du fait qu’ils puissent mener au jeu compulsif. Cette étude a examiné le profil de joueurs de jeux vidéo parmi un échantillon d’étudiants canadiens de premier cycle (n = 687) afin de déterminer si les sous-groupes de joueurs présentaient un profil de risque différent pour le jeu vidéo compulsif et/ou le jeu compulsif. Trois sous-groupes prédominants sont ressortis : universel, gratuit et général. Le groupe des jeux gratuits était associé à une plus grande quantité de temps consacrée à jouer à des jeux vidéo, le groupe universel était associé pour sa part à un pointage moyen plus élevé au titre des paramètres de mesure du jeu vidéo compulsif, du jeu compulsif et de l’impulsivité. Les différences de motivation étaient évidentes, mais les sous-groupes de cet échantillon ne présentaient aucune différence importante sur le plan de la santé mentale.
Problem Electronic Device Use in a Representative Sample of Adults in Ontario
Authors: Van der Maas Mark , Hamilton Hayley A , Wolpin Jacob , Ialomiteanu Anca R , Rehm Jürgen , Mann Robert E , Turner Nigel E , Stoduto Gina 
Published: February 2021

There is growing evidence of correlations between the amount of time spent using electronic devices in leisure and negative health outcomes. However, studies often lack indicators of problematic technology use, rarely investigate relationships between such problem use patterns and indicators of poor mental health, and use samples that are unrepresentative of the adult population. Using a representative telephone survey of adults, we applied the Problem Electronic Device Use (PEDU) scale to estimate the level of PEDU in Ontario, Canada, and the associations between PEDU scores and a wide range of outcomes with a series of multivariate logistic regressions. We found an average weekly electronic device use of 15.57 hr, excluding work or school, and moderate to severe problem technology use among 7.9% of the adult population. Moderate to severe PEDU was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, serious psychological distress, problem alcohol use, and treatment for anxiety. Implications for the findings are discussed.RésuméIl existe des preuves croissantes de corrélations entre la durée d’utilisation d’un appareil électronique à des fins de divertissement et les conséquences négatives sur la santé. On note souvent l’absence d’indicateurs de l’usage problématique des technologies dans les études qui examinent les corrélations entre cet usage et les indicateurs de troubles de santé mentale ou qui utilisent des échantillons représentatifs de la population adulte. À partir des résultats d’un sondage téléphonique représentatif mené auprès d’adultes, la présente étude a eu recours à l’échelle d’évaluation de l’usage problématique des appareils électroniques (Problem Electronic Device Use ou PEDU) pour estimer l’ampleur de ce phénomène dans la province (Ontario) et a appliqué une série de régressions logistiques multivariées pour établir des liens entre les résultats PEDU et un large éventail de conséquences sur la santé mentale. L’étude a révélé que l’usage hebdomadaire moyen des appareils électroniques chez les adultes sondés était de 15,57 heures et que 7,9 % d’entre eux rapportaient un niveau modéré à sévère d’usage problématique de la technologie. Des liens significatifs ont été établis entre l’usage problématique des appareils électroniques et plusieurs indicateurs de troubles de santé mentale et de consommation de substances psychoactives. Les implications de ces constats sont discutées ici.
Proses Pembuatan Pupuk Organik dari Limbah Pertanian dan Limbah Sapi di Kelompok Tani Sipakainge,Kecamatan Barru,Kab.Barru
Authors: Sirajuddin Sitti Nurani , Nurlaelah Siti , Rasyid Ilham , Mustabi Jamilah , Rosmawaty Rosmawaty 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
This activity is aimed to determine the process of making organic fertilizer from agricultural and cattle waste in Seppee Village, Barru District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This activity was carried out in July with a demonstration method for the Sipakainge group totaling 25 people. The results showed that the members of the Sipakainge group were very active in making organic fertilizers by utilizing agricultural and cattle waste, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the activities’ process.
Keywords: Manufacturing process; agricultural waste; cow waste; organic fertilizer

ABSTRAK
Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membuat proses pembuatan pupuk organik dari limbah pertanian dan limbah sapi di Desa Seppee, Kecamatan Barru, Kabupaten Barru, Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli dengan metode demonstrasi pada anggota kelompok Sipakainge berjumlah 25 orang. Bagian metode perlu ditambahkan penjelasan singkat pembuatan pupuk organic. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan anggota kelompok Sipakainge sangat aktif mengikuti pembuatan pupuk organik dengan memanfaatkan limbah pertanian dan limbah sapi sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi kegiatan pembuatan pupuk organik.
Kata kunci: Proses pembuatan; Limbah pertanian; Limbah sapi; Pupuk organik
Pelatihan Penggunaan Alat Penghalus Kotoran Ternak di Kelompok Ternak Sidomaju Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Indarjulianto Soedarmanto , Widiyono Irkham , Sarmin Sarmin , Airin Claude Mona 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The utilization of manure as organic fertilizer is on the rise, but the coarse form may negatively impact the aesthetics. This community service aims to train the farmers to operate the livestock manure grinder machine. The community service was performed in the Sidomaju livestock group, Panggungharjo village, Sewon, Bantul, Yogyakarta, with 37 farmers. The method for this community service is providing online presentations followed by online and offline workshops. The participation and satisfaction of the participants were measured by direct interaction and analyzed descriptively. The results of this community service showed that all farmers were more enthusiastic to participate in offline activities rather than online ones. All of the participants of the training can operate the livestock manure grinder machine. Based on the results of this activity, it is concluded that the training on the use of grinders for livestock manure machine has been adopted by farmers.
Keywords: Manure; Manure grinder; Livestock; Organic manure

ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan kotoran ternak sebagai pupuk organik semakin meningkat, tetapi bentuk yang kasar dapat mengurangi estetika. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan melaksanakan pelatihan penggunaan alat pelembut kotoran ternak. Pengabdian dilakukan di kelompok ternak Sidomaju, desa Panggungharjo, Sewon, Bantul, Yogyakarta yang beranggotakan 37 peternak. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan presentasi dan pelatihan secara daring dan luring. Keterlibatan dan kepuasan peserta diukur melalui interaksi langsung dan hasilnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa semua peternak lebih antusias mengikuti kegiatan secara luring. Semua peserta yang hadir dalam pelatihan telah dapat mengoperasionalkan mesin penghalus kotoran ternak. Berdasar hasil kegiatan ini, disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan penggunaan mesin penghalus kotoran ternak telah dapat diadopsi oleh peternak.
Kata kunci: Kotoran ternak; Pelembut kotoran; Pupuk organik; Ternak
The use of L-thyroxine in the treatment of thyroid pathologies and problems of therapy control (literature review)
Authors: Pidchenko N. S. 
Published: February 2021

Background. Thyroid disease is one of the most common pathologies in the world, wich includs hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. At the present, there is an increase in their cases. The thyroid gland is an extremely important for the health of a person, thyroid hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of all tissues in the body.
Purpose. To structure and summarize scientific findings on the role of thyroid hormones (T4, T3 and rT3) in the development of hypothyroidism, their effect on inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and the cytotoxic effects of these hormones on thyroid cells.
Results and discussion. In spite of a careful study of thyroid function, the use of thyroid hormones and laboratory monitoring in the treatment of various thyroid pathologies remains debatable up to now. In particular, it concerns LT4 + LT3 combination and the role of reversible T3. This is due to a complex regulation system depending on many factors: hormonal homeostasis, nutritional factors, physiological conditions, etc., which together maintain appropriate thyroid functioning. LT4 monotherapy remains the standard method of replacement therapy, however, according to the ETA recommendations, it is possible for individual patients to prescribe combination therapy LT4 + LT3 as an experimental approach. The use of the rT3 test as a prognostic / diagnostic indicator for monitoring the therapy of patients receiving L-thyroxine therapy is discussed. The use of L-thyroxine as a thyrotropic suppressive therapy in the treatment of thyroid cancer requires careful dose adjustment depending on the health status of each patient, the risk of recurrence, which requires monitoring and dynamic reassessment. Long-term suppressive therapy of LT4 can affect metabolism, contributing to weight loss.
Conclusions. Given the analysis of the literature, which covered 20 years, today L-T4 monotherapy is the standard therapy for patients with hypothyroidism. LT4 + LT3 combination therapy can be recommended in patients receiving L-T4 treatment with complaints characteristic of hypothyroidism despite normal TSH levels, with the exception of other chronic and concomitant autoimmune diseases that may be the cause.
VALIDACIÓN DE LA ESCALA MEXICANA DE SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA A TRAVÉS DE CORRELACIÓN TETRACÓRICA CON BASE EN LA DISTRIBUCIÓN NORMAL ASIMÉTRICA BIVARIADA
Authors: Ramírez Jiménez Ana Laura , Ramírez Guzmán Martha Elva , González Estrada Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

La evaluación de la seguridad alimentaria en México se realiza por medio de la Escala Mexicana de Seguridad Alimentaria (EMSA) compuesta por reactivos de respuesta dicotómica que miden el acceso a los alimentos en los hogares con y sin menores de 18 años. Una manera de validar la EMSA es a través del Análisis de Factores Confirmatorio (AFC) al contrastar la estructura de las variables latentes con los datos observados. La correlación entre los reactivos de la EMSA se obtiene con la correlación tetracórica de una tabla de contingencia de doble entrada, la cual asume variables latentes con distribución Normal. Sin embargo, el supuesto de simetría restringe la admisión de variables que no cumplen con este supuesto, como las económicas que se caracterizan por su distribución asimétrica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer un estimador de la correlación tetracórica para diferentes niveles de asimetría. Este coeficiente se denominó ρtSN el cual minimiza la diferencia entre la proporción de coincidencias de las variables dicotómicas en estudio y la probabilidad de la distribución Normal Asimétrica bivariada. El ρtSN se caracterizó por su consistencia y robustez estadística en los diferentes niveles de asimetría considerados. Los modelos AFC con los datos de la EMSA 2014 confirmaron la estructura teórica de la escala para adultos. En hogares con menores, el AFC sugirió una confusión en el entendimiento de los reactivos asociados con experiencias de hambre. El modelo sugiere que la falta de dinero o recursos limita la variedad de los alimentos y elimina algún tiempo de comida tanto en adultos como en menores. Estos hallazgos solo fueron visibles en el AFC con la inclusión del coeficiente ρtSN propuesto. El método de estimación propuesto permite analizar la correlación entre variables dicotómicas con cierto nivel de asimetría, el cual puede definirse a partir del conocimiento del tema en estudio.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KALKULUS INTEGRAL DENGAN PENDEKATAN APTITUDE TREATMENT INTERACTION (ATI) BERBANTU MACROMEDIA FLASH
Authors: Meilasari Venty 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The difficulty of students in understanding the material in the integral calculus print book is one factor that makes student learning outcomes low. The difference in students' abilities is one of the considerations in developing process. This study aims to develop integral calculus teaching material using the aptitude treatment interaction (ATI) approach assisted by Macromedia flash. This research belongs to the development research. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires and tests. Indicators of the results of this study are teaching materials declared worthy of use and students who get optimal learning outcomes> 75%. The stages in the study consisted of ten stages that began with discovering potentials and problems to mass production. The results of the study showed that the integral calculus teaching material made was feasible to use. As many as 79% of students achieve optimal learning outcomes.
Management of a Complex Case during COVID-19 Time Using One-day Digital Dentistry: A Case Report
Authors: Bhandi Shilpa , Stefanelli Luigi V , Franchina Alessio , Pagliarulo Michele , Burgess David , Di Carlo Stefano 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Aim and objective
The aim of the present case report is to describe the digital management of an implant prosthetic rehabilitation performed by the use of different digital technologies, which allowed to successfully perform in 1 day both the surgical and the prosthetical stages with a minimally invasive approach and a high standard of care.

Background
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting dental everyday practice. Clinicians have to reduce the number of patients per day and the time they spend in the dental office. Minimally invasive and digital approaches, with less possible exposure and interaction, are suggested to reduce the risk of infection.

Case description
The failure of a short-span implant prosthetic rehabilitation combined with pain and mobility of the involved teeth was the main complaint reported by a 78-year-old male patient, who asked an urgent appointment to solve the problem. An intraoral scanner allowed the clinician to immediately take a preliminary digital impression of the arch to be treated. The resulting 3D files were sent by e-mail to the dental technician who provided a digital wax-up for the computerized workflow. Computer-aided implantology (CAI) performed using an in-office cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) allowed clinician to guide the surgical approach in a prosthetic manner. Such an integration inside a well-defined workflow was the key for a successful and rapid treatment.

Conclusion
By using new innovative digital technology, the treatment was completed in 1 day, reducing the risk of COVID-19 by limiting the number of appointments and reducing contacts in confined environments like the dental office and public transportations. It also helped to reduce materials production and people movement in the treatment of dental emergency.

Clinical significance
The possibility of performing an effective treatment saving time by using efficient technology and a minimally invasive procedure highlights the importance of digital planning in order to optimize every single step of the treatment. Digital workflow reduces also the movement of potentially infected materials from the office to the dental laboratory.
How to cite this article
Stefanelli LV, Franchina A, Pagliarulo M, et al. Management of a Complex Case during COVID-19 Time Using One-day Digital Dentistry: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020;21(11):1284–1292.
Gut Microbiota and Extraintestinal Disorders: Are They Interrelated?
Authors: Chandra Atanu , Ray Aritra K , Chakraborty Uddalak , Hati Arkapravo 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Normally in health, the commensal gut microbiota lives in a perfectly symbiotic relationship with the host. Initial bacterial colonization occurs through the maternal vaginal/fecal flora and oral feeding. When this symbiotic relationship is lost due to several factors, the condition is known as “dysbiosis.” Dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of intestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and coeliac disease, but recent studies have shown that it has also been implicated in extraintestinal disorders, such as allergy, asthma, cardiovascular disease, obesity, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and some mental disorders and cancers. The proposed mechanism for the development of such disorders is disruption of the pivotal mutual relationship between the gut microbiome, the metabolic products produced by them, and the host immune response. In this review article, we would like to highlight the role of gut microbiota in the development of extraintestinal diseases.
How to cite this article: Chandra A, Ray AK, Chakraborty U, et al. Gut Microbiota and Extraintestinal Disorders: Are They Interrelated? Bengal Physician Journal 2020;7(1):8–11.
Tacrolimus-associated Pruritus: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Samajdar Shambo S 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
The use of immunosuppressants following solid organ transplantation has become a general procedure nowadays. Various immunosuppressants have been used—among them tacrolimus, is a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and macrolide antibiotic has been chosen widely. But significant complaints associated with tacrolimus have been reported, for example, severe pruritus. As a result, physicians are required to substitute this one without compromising the intended therapeutic effect, minimizing adverse drug reactions. Everolimus becomes the best alternative, which is also a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor with a comparatively wide therapeutic index as compared to tacrolimus.
This present reporting is about the tacrolimus-associated pruritus which was severe and how the patient compliance has been ensured keeping in mind the other comorbidities.
How to cite this article: Sen S, Tripathi SK, Samajdar SS. Tacrolimus-associated Pruritus: A Case Report and Review. Bengal Physician Journal 2020;7(1):12–13.
SCIENTIFIC ETHICS
Authors: Bashori Imam 
Published: February 2021

Ethics is one branch of philosophy that speaks of human behavior, with its emphasis on the good and the bad, in other words ethics is the science that deals about good deeds and bad deeds of human beings, as far as the human mind can comprehend. In ethics, the virtues of human behavior are central to the percolation of behavior which is full of responsibility, both self-responsibility, society, nature and God as the Creator. In this paper the authors provide various kinds of ethical theories of the scientists, ethical criteria, ethical objects, ethical streams and ethical problems in the development of science.
The rapid development of science and technology becomes an important role in the formation of the quality of human knowledge. The application of science and technology requires an ethical dimension to the development of science and technology itself and not to engineer the situation. Therefore, in developing science and technology, it should pay attention to human nature and dignity, to maintain ecosystem, to be responsible for public interest, future generation, and to be universal because in essence science and technology is to develop and strengthen human ecosystem not to destroy the ecosystem