bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pipeline for ontology-based modeling and automated deployment of digital twins for planning and control of manufacturing systems
Authors: Göppert Amon , Grahn Lea , Rachner Jonas , Grunert Dennis , Hort Simon , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe demand for individualized products drives modern manufacturing systems towards greater adaptability and flexibility. This increases the focus on data-driven digital twins enabling swift adaptations. Within the framework of cyber-physical systems, the digital twin is a digital model that is fully connected to the physical and digital assets. A digital model must follow a standardization for interoperable data exchange. Established ontologies and meta-models offer a basis in the definition of a schema, which is the first phase of creating a digital twin. The next phase is the standardized and structured modeling with static use-case specific data. The final phase is the deployment of digital twins into operation with a full connection of the digital model with the remaining cyber-physical system. In this deployment phase communication standards and protocols provide a standardized data exchange. A survey on the state-of-the-art of these three digital twin phases reveals the lack of a consistent workflow from ontology-driven definition to standardized modeling. Therefore, one goal of this paper is the design of an end-to-end digital twin pipeline to lower the threshold of creating and deploying digital twins. As the task of establishing a communication connection is highly repetitive, an automation concept by providing structured protocol data is the second goal. The planning and control of a line-less assembly system with manual stations and a mobile robot as resources and an industrial dog as the product serve as exemplary digital twin applications. Along this use-case the digital twin pipeline is transparently explained.
Behavior of the Avian Parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) in and Near Host Nests in the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Pike Courtney L. , Ramirez Ismael E. , Anchundia David J. , Fessl Birgit , Heimpel George E. , Causton Charlotte E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Avian Vampire Fly, Philornis downsi, has invaded the Galapagos Islands, where it causes high mortality of endemic and native landbird species, including most species of Darwin’s finches. Control methods are under development, but key information is missing about the reproductive biology of P. downsi and the behavior of flies in and near nests of their hosts. We used external and internal nest cameras to record the behavior of P. downsi adults within and outside nests of the Galapagos Flycatcher, Myiarchus magnirostris, throughout all stages of the nesting cycle. These recordings showed that P. downsi visited flycatcher nests throughout the day with higher fly activity during the nestling phase during vespertine hours. The observations also revealed that multiple P. downsi individuals can visit nests concurrently, and that there are some interactions among these flies within the nest. Fly visitation to nests occurred significantly more often while parent birds were away from the nest than in the nest, and this timing appears to be a strategy to avoid predation by parent birds. We report fly mating behavior outside the nest but not in the nest cavity. We discuss the relevance of these findings for the adaptive forces shaping P. downsi life history strategies as well as rearing and control measures.
ON QUOTIENTS OF VALUES OF EULER’S FUNCTION ON FACTORIALS
Authors: NATH AYAN , JHA ABHISHEK 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe investigate, for given positive integers a and b, the least positive integer
$c=c(a,b)$
such that the quotient
$\varphi (c!\kern-1.2pt)/\varphi (a!\kern-1.2pt)\varphi (b!\kern-1.2pt)$
is an integer. We derive results on the limit of
$c(a,b)/(a+b)$
as a and b tend to infinity and show that
$c(a,b)>a+b$
for all pairs of positive integers
$(a,b)$
, with the exception of a set of density zero.
Brain signatures in children who contemplate suicide: learning from the large-scale ABCD study
Authors: Wiglesworth Andrea , Falke Conner A. , Fiecas Mark , Luciana Monica , Cullen Kathryn R. , Klimes-Dougan Bonnie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is the second-leading cause of death in youth. Understanding the neural correlates of suicide ideation (SI) in children is crucial to ongoing efforts to understand and prevent youth suicide. This study characterized key neural networks during rest and emotion task conditions in an epidemiologically informed sample of children who report current, past, or no SI.MethodsData are from the adolescent brain cognitive development study, including 8248 children (ages 9–10; mean age = 119.2 months; 49.2% female) recruited from the community. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and activation to emotional stimuli in the salience (SN) and default mode (DMN) networks were measured through fMRI. Self-reported SI and clinical profiles were gathered. We examined the replicability of our model results through repeated sub-sample reliability analyses.ResultsChildren with current SI (2.0%), compared to those without any past SI, showed lower DMN RSFC (B = −0.267, p < 0.001) and lower DMN activation in response to negative as compared to neutral faces (B = −0.204, p = 0.010). These results were robust to the effects of MDD, ADHD, and medication use. Sub-sample analysis further supported the robustness of these results. We did not find support for differences in SN RSFC or in SN activation to positive or negative stimuli for children with or without SI.ConclusionsResults from a large brain imaging study using robust statistical approaches suggest aberrant DMN functioning in children with current suicide ideation. Findings suggest potential mechanisms that may be targeted in suicide prevention efforts.
Iron Depletion in the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum: Mesoscale Eddies as Natural Iron Fertilization Experiments
Authors: Hawco Nicholas J. , Barone Benedetto , Church Matthew J. , Babcock‐Adams Lydia , Repeta Daniel J. , Wear Emma K. , Foreman Rhea K. , Björkman Karin M. , Bent Shavonna , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. , Sheyn Uri , DeLong Edward F. , Acker Marianne , Kelly Rachel L. , Nelson Alexa , Ranieri John , Clemente Tara M. , Karl David M. , John Seth G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn stratified oligotrophic waters, phytoplankton communities forming the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) are isolated from atmospheric iron sources above and remineralized iron sources below. Reduced supply leads to a minimum in dissolved iron (dFe) near 100 m, but it is unclear if iron limits growth at the DCM. Here, we propose that natural iron addition events occur regularly with the passage of mesoscale eddies, which alter the supply of dFe and other nutrients relative to the availability of light, and can be used to test for iron limitation at the DCM. This framework is applied to two eddies sampled in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Observations in an anticyclonic eddy center indicated downwelling of iron‐rich surface waters, leading to increased dFe at the DCM but no increase in productivity. In contrast, uplift of isopycnals within a cyclonic eddy center increased supply of both nitrate and dFe to the DCM, and led to dominance of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton. Iron addition experiments did not increase productivity in either eddy, but significant enhancement of leucine incorporation in the light was observed in the cyclonic eddy, a potential indicator of iron stress among Prochlorococcus. Rapid cycling of siderophores and low dFe:nitrate uptake ratios also indicate that a portion of the microbial community was stressed by low iron. However, near‐complete nitrate drawdown in this eddy, which represents an extreme case in nutrient supply compared to nearby Hawaii Ocean Time‐series observations, suggests that recycling of dFe in oligotrophic ecosystems is sufficient to avoid iron limitation in the DCM under typical conditions.
Interannual Variation of Settling Particles Reflects Upper‐Ocean Circulation in the Southern Chukchi Borderland, 2010‐2014
Authors: Onodera Jonaotaro , Watanabe Eiji , Itoh Motoyo , Harada Naomi , Honda Makio C. , Tengberg Anders , Tanaka Yuichiro , Kikuchi Takashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTime series monitoring of hydrography and marine settling particles supplies a large amount of information regarding the marine lower‐trophic ecosystem with respect to the changing Arctic Ocean. To investigate the interannual relationship between the settling particles and hydrographic conditions of the western Arctic Ocean, bottom‐tethered sediment trap moorings were deployed at the Northwind Abyssal Plain (NAP) from October 2010 to September 2014 and at the Chukchi Abyssal Plain (CAP) from October 2012 to September 2013 to the east and west of the Chukchi Borderland. The settling particles at both stations contained a significant amount of lithogenic matter, with biogenic particles being a lateral advection of shelf materials from shelf to basin. The many peaks of settling particle fluxes at NAP in 2013–2014 corresponded to the hydrographic events of passing oceanic eddies over the station, in addition to seasonal biological production. The settling particle flux at CAP remarkably increased when Pacific‐origin water advected over the northern shelf of the Chukchi Sea in March–April 2013. Additionally, abundant gelatinous matter was found at NAP and CAP in July–September 2011 and 2014 and in July–August 2013, respectively. The settling flux data of particulate organic matter and the mole ratio and stable isotope ratios of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen reflected the changes in the composition of trapped plankton assemblages under various hydrographic conditions over the course of the four years of the study.
Validating GIC Modeling in the Spanish Power Grid by Differential Magnetometry
Authors: Marsal S. , Torta J. M. , Curto J. J. , Canillas‐Pérez V. , Cid O. , Ibañez M. , Marcuello A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA series of experiences and recommendations are presented concerning the derivation of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) by use of the differential magnetometry method (DMM) under power lines. This indirect technique, intended to obtain observations to validate GIC models, is an alternative to measuring the current flow in the transformer neutrals. It is a non‐intrusive and autonomous technique, as the procedure does not depend on the grid operator. In contrast, the selection of suitable sites devoid of human interferences, the need for power to supply the magnetometer, the data acquisition and transmission system, along with the choice of the appropriate instrumentation are difficulties that make not just any site suitable for installation and often require costly solutions. We focus on the methodology followed to estimate the GIC flowing in several transmission lines of the Spanish power grid with the aim of validating our GIC models, and we share our experience on the installation of the measuring points. Uncertainty inherent in the DMM is assessed, showing that noise is the main handicap, although it can be minimized with appropriate filtering. According to such experience, on some occasions only total DC currents above a significant fraction of 1 A give magnetic signatures well above the noise level, so this figure can roughly be considered as the threshold limit for detection. The low solar activity, combined with the mid‐latitude condition of Spain, limited the significance of available recorded data, but we can already report and analyze the results for several minor geomagnetic storms.
Sediment Production in French Alpine Rivers
Authors: Pitlick John , Recking Alain , Liebault Fred , Misset Clement , Piton Guillaume , Vazquez‐Tarrio Daniel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobal compilations of river sediment loads show that mountainous areas produce a high proportion of the sediment transported to the oceans. However, because of the effort involved in measuring sediment fluxes in mountain river systems, the loads of these rivers are generally unknown. Here, we present estimates of contemporary sediment loads of 16 gravel bed rivers draining the Ecrins‐Pelvoux Massif in southeast France. Sediment production in this part of the Alps is relatively high and many river segments are either wandering or braided. We model sediment fluxes and annual sediment yields by coupling hydraulic‐based relations for sediment transport with hydrologic‐based relations for flow frequency. Bed load fluxes are modeled for a range of discharges using a function that relates transport rates to excess shear stress. Fluxes are then weighted by the frequency of individual discharges and summed to get the annual bed load for each site. The suspended load is estimated empirically as a fraction of the bed load. Results suggest that bed load fluxes at channel‐forming flows scale almost linearly with downstream increases in discharge. In addition, it appears that annual sediment loads (bed load + suspended load) scale linearly with drainage area. A complementary relation for specific sediment yield suggests that the load per unit drainage area is constant across the range of basins studied. The modeled sediment yields are comparable to previous field‐based estimates of modern sediment yields, and generally lower than estimates developed from analyses of cosmogenic radionuclides.
Modulation of cell signalling and sulfation in cardiovascular development and disease
Authors: Justo Tiago , Martiniuc Antonie , Dhoot Gurtej K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSulf1/Sulf2 genes are highly expressed during early fetal cardiovascular development but down-regulated during later stages correlating with a number of cell signalling pathways in a positive or a negative manner. Immunocytochemical analysis confirmed SULF1/SULF2 expression not only in endothelial cell lining of blood vessels but also in the developing cardiomyocytes but not in the adult cardiomyocytes despite persisting at reduced levels in the adult endothelial cells. The levels of both SULFs in adult ischemic human hearts and in murine hearts following coronary occlusion increased in endothelial lining of some regional blood vessels but with little or no detection in the cardiomyocytes. Unlike the normal adult heart, the levels of SULF1 and SULF2 were markedly increased in the adult canine right-atrial haemangiosarcoma correlating with increased TGFβ cell signalling. Cell signalling relationship to ischaemia was further confirmed by in vitro hypoxia of HMec1 endothelial cells demonstrating dynamic changes in not only vegf and its receptors but also sulfotransferases and Sulf1 & Sulf2 levels. In vitro hypoxia of HMec1 cells also confirmed earlier up-regulation of TGFβ cell signalling revealed by Smad2, Smad3, ALK5 and TGFβ1 changes and later down-regulation correlating with Sulf1 but not Sulf2 highlighting Sulf1/Sulf2 differences in endothelial cells under hypoxia.
Wet ball milling of niobium by using ethanol, determination of the crystallite size and microstructures
Authors: Eze Azunna Agwo , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi , Kupolati Williams Kehinde , Snyman Jacques , Ndambuki Julius Musyoka , Jamiru Tamba , Durowoju Mondiu Olayinka , Ibrahim Idowu David , Shongwe Mxolisi Brendon , Desai Dawood A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of using ethanol as the process control agent during the wet ball milling of niobium (Nb). Dried nanocrystal Nb powders, of high purity, with particle sizes, ranging from 8.5 to 14.3 nm, were synthesized by ball milling. Commercial Nb powder of particle sizes of − 44 µm was employed by using the planetary ball mill equipped with stainless still vials with still balls in ethanol. A ball-to-powder mass ratio of 10:1 was used at a rotation speed of 400 rpm, an interval of 15 min with an interval break of 5 s, and a milling time of 10 h. The powder was dried in vacutec at a temperature of 100 °C, using a speed of 15 rpm in the vacuum of 250 mbar at a time of approximately 653 min. The crystal phase of the dried powders was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) with CuKɑ radiation, and by modification of the Scherrer equation, a single crystallite size of 11.85 nm was obtained. The morphology of the particles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD results show that the pure crystal sizes in nanometre (nm), which decreases as the 2θ and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increases.
H∞ control for a networked Markovian jump system subject to data packet loss based on the observer
Authors: Wang Yanfeng , Sun Xiaoyue , He Ping , Wu Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study researches the control issue for a networked Markovian jump system with data packet loss occurring not only in the channel from sensor to controller but also in the channel from controller to actuator via an observer. The mathematical model for the closed‐loop networked Markovian jump system with data packet loss is established. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the closed‐loop system to be stochastically stable are derived. The design approach of the controller and the minimal performance index of the external disturbance suppression are also given in the case that the transition possibilities of the system modes and the data packet loss are both partially unavailable. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Architecture and function analysis of integrated energy service stations considering cyber‐physical integration
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Wang Qi , Tang Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the continuing development of the energy internet (EI), the high complexity of multi‐energy coupling and the dramatic increase in cyber‐physical integration impose stricter requirements on the planning and construction of multi‐energy systems. The construction of a new energy hub through the intensive use of existing power substation resources is one of the feasible approaches for satisfying these requirements. Integrated energy service stations (IESSs), which comprise substations, multi‐energy conversion stations, data centres, communication base stations, and other functional units, constitute the emerging generation of energy and information control centres. IESSs are capable of all‐in‐one monitoring and energy optimization, and can effectively manage regional energy services involving various energy requirements. This study initially proposes two feasible schemes to realize IESSs: entity IESSs, which require replanning and construction, and virtual IESSs, which involve transformation through existing substation resources. Thereafter, based on the requirements of three types of users, that is high‐energy‐consumption users, highreliability users, and high‐comfort users, the necessity of IESSs in the construction of the EI is analysed in depth. Furthermore, the feasibility of constructing an IESS based on existing power grid resources and the direction for the future development are discussed.
A side‐effect‐free method of reducing capacitance requirement for modular multilevel converters
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Li Kejun , Wang Jinyu , Li Liangzi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn modular multilevel converters (MMCs), the huge capacitor almost takes over half of the cost and weight of a submodule; as a result, the capacitance requirement reduction has attracted wide attention for using smaller capacitors. However, the existing methods have side effects, such as increasing the arm current and adding additional semiconductors, which restrict their practical applications. Thus, a side‐effect‐free capacitance requirement reduction (CRR) method is proposed in this paper. In the method, the capacitor voltage can be decreased by injecting a specific dc signal into the original control system; and the specific dc signal is outputted from the proposed CRR controller according to the transmitted power of the MMC. For ensuring the safe operation, the extent to which the capacitor voltage can be reduced is also studied; and an optimisation model is presented to obtain the minimum allowed capacitor voltage and the safety domain of CRR. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by both simulation and experiment. The results show that the capacitance requirement can be reduced by 32.4% without neither increasing the arm current nor adding additional semiconductors.
Synthesis of sparse linear arrays using reweighted gridless compressed sensing
Authors: Li Zihao , Cai JuanJuan , Hao Chengpeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPattern synthesis of the sparse linear array (SLA) has played an important role when the antenna size is extremely limited. Although grid‐based compressed sensing (CS) algorithms have been widely utilised to synthesise the SLA, the performance is greatly affected by the grid mismatch problem. To solve the problem, a reweighted gridless CS (RGCS) algorithm based on the reweighted atomic norm minimisation and the rotational invariance propagator method is introduced. In the RGCS algorithm, the number of antenna elements can be efficiently reduced through the reweighted gridless convex optimisation, which utilises a reweighted strategy to break the limit of the atomic norm and improves the performance of the SLA. More importantly, in addition to the focussed‐beam pattern, the proposed algorithm can also synthesise the SLA with the asymmetric beam pattern. Numerical experiments show that the RGCS algorithm can save about 18.75%–46% array elements for the uniform linear array.
Archiver les mégadonnées numériques à l’échelle moléculaire
Authors: Képès François 
Published: November 2021

L’information a été le moteur de la croissance socio-économique de la civilisation depuis ses débuts. Actuellement, son stockage, archivage et traitement par les centres dédiés n’offre plus de marges suffi santes d’optimisation pour faire face au déluge des données numériques et à son problématique impact environnemental.
Un récent rapport de l’Académie des technologies explore une alternative prometteuse au modèle conventionnel : l’archivage des mégadonnées numériques à l’échelle moléculaire dans l’ADN ou d’autres polymères, un chantier pour les vingt ans à venir.
Synthetic Studies toward Tubiferal A: Asymmetric Synthesis of a Model ABC-Ring Compound
Authors: Tanino Keiji , Yukutake Yuki , Hiramatsu Takahiro , Itoh Ryusei , Ikeuchi Kazutada , Suzuki Takahiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSynthetic studies on an ABC-ring model of tubiferal A, a triterpenoid isolated from the fruit bodies of the Tubifera dimorphotheca myxomycete, are described. The stereogenic centers at the angular positions were constructed through the stereoselective addition of a C-ring allylborane followed by an Eschenmoser–Claisen rearrangement reaction prior to the formation of the AB-ring system by a double intramolecular alkylation reaction of a dichloro nitrile intermediate.