bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Making the Most of Together-Time’: Development of a Health Visitor Led Intervention to Support Children’s Early Language and Communication Development at the 2-2½ Year-Old Review
Authors: McKean Cristina , Watson Rose , Charlton Jenna , Roulstone Susan , Holme Caitlin , Gilroy Vicky , Law James 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Early interventions to support young children’s language development through responsive parent-child interaction have proven efficacy but are not currently delivered universally. A potential universal delivery platform is the Health Visitor (HV) led 2-2½ year old review in England’s Healthy Child Programme. It is unclear if it is feasible to offer such interventions through this platform. We report an intervention development process, including extensive stakeholder consultation and co-design to develop an acceptable, feasible and equitable early language intervention for delivery in this context.Methods:The study involved five phases including 13 stakeholder co-design workshops with 7 parents and 39 practitioners (HVs, early years practitioners and speech and language therapists). 1) Identification of existing intervention evidence. 2) Qualitative review of intervention studies extracting candidate target behaviours for intervention and intervention techniques. 3) Co-design workshops with parents and practitioners examining acceptability, barriers and enablers to those behaviours and techniques. Particular attention was paid to diverse family circumstances and the range of barriers which might exist. 4) Findings were analysed using COM-B and theoretical domains frameworks and a prototype intervention model designed. 5) Co-design workshops iteratively refined the proposed model. Results:Practitioners were committed to offering language intervention at the 2-2½ year old review but were not sure precisely how to do so. Parents/caregivers wanted to be proactive and to have agency in supporting their own children, and to do this as soon as possible. For equitable intervention it must be proportionate, with higher ‘intensity’ for higher levels of disadvantage, and tailored, offering differing approaches considering the specific barriers and enablers, assets and challenges in each family. The importance and potential fragility of alliances between parent/caregiver and practitioner were identified as key and so strategies to engender successful collaborative partnership are also embedded intervention design. Conclusion: It is possible to develop an acceptable, feasible and equitable universal intervention for use at the 2-2 ½ year review to promote children’s language development. The result is one of the most explicitly developed universal interventions to promote children’s language development. Further development and piloting is required to develop materials to support successful widespread implementation.
Screening for Hilar Biliary Invasion in Ampullary Cancer Patients
Authors: Sugimoto Mitsuru , Takagi Tadayuki , Suzuki Rei , Konno Naoki , Sato Yuki , Irie Hiroki , Okubo Yoshinori , Nakamura Jun , Takasumi Mika , Hashimoto Minami , Kato Tsunetaka , Kobashi Ryoichiro , Yanagita Takumi , Hashimoto Yuko , Marubashi Shigeru , Hikichi Takuto , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The treatment for ampullary cancer is pancreatoduodenectomy or local ampullectomy. However, effective methods for the preoperative investigation of hilar biliary invasion in ampullary cancer patients have not yet been identified. In this study, we aimed to determine an appropriate method for investigating hilar biliary invasion of ampullary cancer.Methods: Among 43 ampullary cancer patients, 34 underwent endoscopic treatment (n = 9) or surgery (n = 25). Imaging findings (thickening and enhancement of the bile duct wall on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), irregularity on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), thickening of the entire bile duct wall on intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS), and partial thickening of the bile duct wall on IDUS) and biliary biopsy results were compared with respect to their ability to diagnose hilar biliary invasion of ampullary cancer.Results: Hilar invasion was not observed in every patient. Among the patients who did not undergo biliary stent insertion, the combination of partial thickening of the bile duct wall on IDUS and biliary biopsy showed the highest accuracy (100%) for diagnosing biliary invasion. However, each imaging finding and biliary biopsy yielded some false positive results.Conclusions: Although some false positive results were obtained with each method, the combination of partial thickening of the bile duct wall on IDUS and biliary biopsy was useful for diagnosing hilar biliary invasion of ampullary cancer. However, hilar invasion of ampullary cancer is rare; therefore, the investigation of hilar biliary invasion of ampullary cancer might be unnecessary.Trial registration: not applicable
Tree rings reveal two strong solar proton events in 7176 and 5259 BCE
Authors: Brehm Nicolas , Christl Marcus , Adolphi Florian , Muscheler Raimund , Synal Hans-Arno , Mekhaldi Florian , Paleari Chiara , Leuschner Hanns-Hubert , Bayliss Alexandra , Nicolussi Kurt , Pichler Thomas , Schlüchter Christian , Pearson Charlotte , Salzer Matthew , Fonti Patrick , Nievergelt Daniel , Hantemirov Rashit , Brown David , Usoskin Ilya , Wacker Lukas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Sun sporadically produces eruptive events leading to intense fluxes of solar energetic particles (SEPs) that dramatically disrupt the near-Earth radiation environment. Such events are directly studied for the last decades but little is known about the occurrence and magnitude of rare, extreme SEP events. Presently, a few events that produced measurable signals in cosmogenic radionuclides such as 14C, 10Be and 36Cl have been found. Analyzing annual 14C concentrations in tree-rings from Switzerland, Germany, Ireland, Russia, and the USA we discovered two spikes in atmospheric 14C corresponding to 7176 and 5259 BCE. The ~ 2% increases of atmospheric 14C recorded for both events exceed all previously known 14C peaks but after correction for the geomagnetic field, they are comparable to the largest event of this type discovered so far at 775 CE. These strong events serve as accurate time markers for the synchronization with floating tree-ring and ice core records and provide critical information on the previous occurrence of extreme solar events which threaten modern infrastructure.
Modeling lung cell development using human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Wong Amy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Human PSC (hPSC) differentiations can capture developmental phenotypes and processes and are useful for studying fundamental biological mechanisms driving tissue morphogenesis and cell lineage development. Here, we show for the first time the temporal development of lung cell lineages using hPSC that model developmental milestones observed in primary tissue, the generation of renewable fetal lung epithelial spheroids, and the functional utility of the lung models at different differentiation stages for Cystic fibrosis disease modeling. We first show the presence of hPSC-derived lung progenitor cells reminiscent of early trimester lung development and containing basal stem cells that generate renewable airway spheroids. Maturation and polarization in air liquid interface (ALI) generates additional epithelial cell lineages found in adult airways including pulmonary neuroendocrine, brush, mature basal, ciliated and secretory cell types. Finally, pseudotime and RNA velocity analyses of the integrated datasets from the fetal and ALI stages reveal previously identified and new cell lineage relationships. Overall, hPSC differentiation can capture aspects of human lung development and potentially provide important insight into congenital causes of diseases.
High-throughput 2D-to-4D fabrication of magneto-origami machines
Authors: Yi Shengzhu , Wang Liu , Chen Zhipeng , Luo Qingqing , Wang Jian , Zhang Yuanxi , Peng Lelun , Guo Chuan Fei , Jiang Lelun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Magneto-active soft machines capable of magnetically controllable shape-morphing and locomotion have diverse promising applications such as untethered biomedical robots. However, existing magneto-active soft machines often show simple structures and limited deformation range. These technologies also suffer because mass production of the magneto-active machines is unavailable. Here, we propose a direct 2D-to-4D fabrication strategy that transforms 2D magnetic sheets into 3D magneto-active soft machines with customized geometries by incorporating origami folding. The method can be easily adapted to roll-to-roll processing. This approach enables a variety of unique characteristics of magneto-origami machines, including large-magnitude deploying, sequential folding into predesigned shapes and multivariant actuation modes (e.g., contraction, bending, rotation and rolling locomotion). We leverage these abilities to demonstrate a few potential applications: an electronic robot capable of on-demand deploying and wireless charging, a mechanical 8-3 encoder, and a quadruped robot for cargo-release tasks. Our work paves a way for the high-throughput fabrication of magneto-active soft machines with multi-functionalities.
Testing Green Financing for Greater Renewable Electricity Generation and Energy Efficiency: Implications for Post COVID-19 Time
Authors: Liu Zhen , Xu Jinhang , Wei Yiming , Hatab Assem Abu , Lan Jing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There is a possibility that worldwide expenditures in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects could fall much further in 2017 and 2018. This may jeopardize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris climate change agreement. Lack of access to private financing slows the development of green initiatives. Now that sustainable energy isn't about science and technology, it's all about getting financing. Therefore, recent study intended to investigate the role of green financing for maximum renewable electricity generation and efficiency of energy in United States of America (USA). Our study suggested to value environmental initiatives, like other infrastructure initiatives, for greater electricity generation and energy efficiency in USA. Such infrastructural projects need long-term financing and capital-intensiveness. Our findings suggest that to sustain growth, development, and energy poverty reduction, around $26 trillion would be required, in terms of green financing, in the USA alone by the year 2030 to enhance energy efficiency. To achieve energy sustainability goals in USA, recent research suggested some policy implication considering the post COVID-19 time. If suggested policy implications are implemented successfully there are chances that green financing would make energy generation and energy efficiency as effective.
Collateral implications of carbon and metal pollution on carbon dioxide emission at land-water interface of the Ganga River
Authors: Verma Kavita , Pandey Jitendra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric CO2- source- and- sink is among the most debated issues that have puzzled climate change geochemist for decades. Here, we tested whether heavy metal pollutants in river sediments favor preservation of organic matter through shielding microbial degradation. We measured CO2 emission and extracellular enzyme activities at land-water interface (LWI) of 7 sites along a 285 km main stem of the Ganga River and 60 locations up- and downstream of two contrasting point sources discharging urban (Assi drain; Asdr) and industrial (Ramnagar drain; Rmdr) wastewaters to the river. We found the lowest CO2 flux at Rmdr mouth characterized by the highest concentrations of Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, and Cd. The fluxes were relatively higher at locations up-and down-stream Rmdr. Substrate induced respiration (SIR), protease, FDAase and β-D-glucosidase all showed a similar trend but phenol oxidase and alkaline phosphatase showed opposite trend at the main river stem and Asdr. Sites rich in terrestrially derived organic matter have high phenol oxidase activity with low CO2 emission. The CO2 emission in the main river stem showed curvilinear relationships with total heavy metals (∑THM; R2 = 0.68; P < 0.001) and TOC (R2 = 0.65; p < 0.001). The dynamic fit model of main stem data showed that the ∑THM above 337.4 µg g− 1 were able to significantly decrease the activities of protease, FDAase and β-D-glucosidase. The study has implications for understanding C-cycling in human-impacted river sediments where metal pollution shields microbial degradation consequently carbon and nutrient release; and merits attention towards river management decisions.
A Case of Chronic Gastric Anisakiasis Coexisting With Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Sakurai Eiko , Masaaki Okubo , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Shibata Tomoyuki , Tahara Tomomitsu , Kiriyama Yuka , Michiba Ayano , Ohmiya Naoki , Tsukamoto Tetsuya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish that is infected by anisakis third-stage larvae. In countries, such as Japan, Italy, and Spain, where people have a custom of eating raw or marinated fish, anisakiasis is a common infection. Although anisakiasis has been reported to occur in the gastrointestinal tract in several countries, reports of anisakiasis accompanied by cancer are rare. Case presentation: We present the rare case of a 40-year-old male patient who had anisakiasis coexisting with mucosal gastric cancer. Submucosal gastric cancer was suspected on gastric endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography. After laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, granulomatous inflammation with anisakis larvae in the submucosa was pathologically revealed beneath mucosal tubular adenocarcinoma. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation showed cancer cells as intestinal absorptive-type cells that did not harbor mucin. Conclusion: Anisakis larvae could have injected into the cancer cells selectively because of the lack of mucin in the cancerous epithelium. Anisakiasis coexisting with cancer is considered reasonable rather than coincidental.
The Evidence Mapping and Methodological Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines of Diagnosis and Management for Spinal Pain: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Huang Jin-Feng , Qin Zongshi , Zheng Xuan-Qi , Lin Jia-Liang , Zhang Kai , Li Yan Michael , Wang Yi-Xiang , Wu Ai-Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To systematically review clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for treating spinal pain, to assess the quality of different CPGs, and finally to provide an evidence map for the specific explication of research trends and gaps.Method: We searched CPGs in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Guidelines International Network (GIN), National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). We extracted basic information, recommendations, methodological quality, and reporting quality of the CPGs. Four researchers independently evaluated the quality of the CPGs according to the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT). Results: We included 21 CPGs into our study. According to the AGREE II checklist, we found that the mean score was relatively high in four domains, namely, scope and purpose (78.39), stakeholder involvement (63.04), clarity of presentation (72.04), and rigor of development (61.25). However, the mean score of two domains (editorial independence and application) was relatively low. Among the seven domains of the RIGHT checklist, one field (basic information) had the highest reporting rate (86.61%), while another field (funding, declaration, and management of interest) obtained the lowest reporting rate (53.00%). Conclusion: Our study provided evidence mapping, which is a good tool to reduce research waste and facilitate the process of knowledge transfer. We found the mean score of the application of included CPGs was the lowest and most of CPGs didn’t consider patient preferences. Therefore, guideline makers should concentrate on patient preference and application in future guidelines. The results of our study can also be used to optimize the implementation of these recommendations and to improve the development of reliable CPGs for treating spinal pain.
An Integrated Diagnostic Approach for Citrus Exocortis Viroid
Authors: Lin Chih-Hsu , Hung Ting-Hsuan , Hu I , Ku Ta-Hsin , Lin Chun-Yi , Wu Meng-Ling , Shen Tang-Long 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCitrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) is a circular single-stranded RNA pathogen consists of around 370 nucleotides and leads to a severe disease showing bark scaling symptom on citrus crops, which leads to yield decrease and economic loss. Since the absence of viroid-encoded proteins, methods for CEVd detection mainly counts on bioassays or nucleic acid-base approaches. In order to validate the CEVd disease, here we developed an integrated diagnostic protocol. MethodsCEVd transcripts were inoculated onto two susceptible cultivars of Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Rutgers and cv. Double-Fortune, seedings. After inoculation, total RNAs of the two tomato cultivars were extracted to detect CEVd infection by dot blot hybridization, one-step reverse transcription PCR (one-step RT-PCR) and real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR). In addition, the symptom development of both cultivars was recorded weekly. ResultsThe tomato cultivar Rutgers rather than Double-Fortune or others was selected as a suitable CEVd-indicator plant and the bio-index score was established based on epinasty, vein necrosis, leaf size reduction and stunting symptoms. In addition, the isolate of CEVd that collected from citrus field could rapidly and consistently cause the index symptoms on Rutgers. As expected, CEVd could be specifically and sensitively detected in both tomato and citrus plants by dot-blot hybridization and RT-PCR technologies, including one-step RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, we found that the levels of CEVd genomic RNA or CEVd derived small RNAs are correlated to symptom severity. ConclusionsIn this study, we developed an integrated detection method for CEVd and revealed potential underlying viroid-host interactions.
The Effects of Weapon Toys on Aggressive Behavior among Chinese Children: The Mediating Role of Aggressive Cognition
Authors: Zhang Qian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationships between exposure to weapon toys and aggressive behavior. Methods: The study sample included 104 six-year-old kindergarten children. Half of them were randomly assigned to play with weapon toys (experimental group) or non-weapon toys (control group). A Semantic Classification Task (SCT) and a Competitive Reaction Time Task (CRTT) were employed to measure aggressive cognition and aggressive behavior. A randomized controlled study was performed and a 2 x 2 (Toys, Gender) Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistical test was used to evaluate the effect of toys on aggressive cognition (reaction times to weapon pictures) and behavior (noise intensity setting), controlling for age. Mediation analysis was also conducted to test the mediating role of aggressive cognition in this effect.Results: Results indicated that playing with weapon toys increased aggressive cognition and aggressive behavior. Specifically, boys were more likely than girls to exhibit aggressive behavior in the weapon toys condition, though girls did exhibit aggressive cognition. Mediation analysis indicated that the weapon toy effect on aggressive behavior was partially mediated by aggressive cognition. Conclusions: The main findings of the study suggest that boys may be considered as the target group for aggression intervention and reduction in the context of weapon toys. Practitioners can take away the weapon toys to reduce aggressive cognition, so as to decrease children’s aggressive behavior.
Myrobalans Mediated Nanocolloids in Controlling Marine Pathogens
Authors: S Ranjani , Parthasarathy Pradeep , p Rameshkumar , S Hemalatha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Aquaculture production is affected by disease outbreak, which affect the production, profitability, and sustainability of the global aquaculture industry. Antibiotics have been widely used to control various pathogens. Due to its uncontrollable and indiscriminate usage, pathogens have developed resistance towards antibiotics. This current study aims to synthesize green silver- of silver nanocolloids (MBNc) from the extract of three myrobalans. MBNc was characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS, Zeta potential, FE-SEM. EDX, HRTEM, and SAED techniques. The array of antimicrobial assays were performed to evaluate the efficacy of MBNc against vibriosis causing pathogens including V. harveyi, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and foodborne pathogen S. haemolyticus, isolated from infected fish. Further, the presence of ESBL genes including CTX-M-15 and Amp C were analyzed in control and MBNc treated strains. From our studies, it was observed that MBNc was very effective in controlling the growth and biofilm formation in all tested marine pathogens and effectively abolish the genes encoding ESBL CTX-M-15 in antibiotic-resistant pathogens tested. Thus, MBNc can be formulated to control the growth of marine pathogens and it can be used as an alternative to antibiotics to prevent infection in cage culturing and aquafarming.
On the Use of an Innovative Trend Analysis Methodology for Temporal Trend Identification in Extreme Rainfall Indices Over the Central Highlands, Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Dang Nguyen Dong , Huyen Nguyen Thi , Liem Nguyen Duy , Hong Nguyen Thi , Cuong Dang Kien , Loi Nguyen Kim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Understanding past changes in the characteristics of climate extremes (such as frequency, intensity, and duration) forms an essential part of viable countermeasures to cope with climate-induced risks under a rapidly warming world. Thus, this paper endeavored to explore possible non-monotonic trend components in heavy rainfall events over the Central Highlands of Vietnam by employing the Şen’s innovative trend analysis (ITA) method in conjunction with the well-defined extreme rainfall indices developed by the Joint CCl/CLIVAR/JCOMM Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). The outcomes show that the overall trends in most extreme rainfall indices exhibited significant increases at several stations. Moreover, the high-value subgroups of most analyzed indices (such as maximum 5-day precipitation amount (Rx5day), simple daily intensity index (SDII), very wet days (R95p), extremely wet days (R99p), number of extremely heavy precipitation days (R50mm), and consecutive dry days (CDD)) were characterized mainly by significant increasing trends, thereby implying that heavy rainfall events have become more frequent and intense over recent decades. Some stations also exposed significant increasing trend behaviors in a given extreme index within all low-, medium-, and high-value subgroups. In general, it is expected that these findings yield more insightful knowledge on rainfall extremes to local decision-makers and other stakeholders.