bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Region-specific distribution of Olig2-expressing astrocytes in adult mouse brain and spinal cord
Authors: Wang Hui , Xu Liang , Lai Chuying , Hou Kaiyu , Chen Junliang , Guo Yaowei , Sambangi Abhijeet , Swaminathan Shreya , Xie Chunming , Wu Zheng , Chen Gong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOlig2 is an important transcription factor essential for the specification and differentiation of oligodendrocytes as well as astrocytes and neurons during developmental stages. However, Olig2 distribution pattern and its relationship among different types of glial cells in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are not well characterized. Here, we systematically examined Olig2 expression pattern in combination with major markers of neurons and glial cells throughout the brain and spinal cord in the adult mice. As expected, Olig2 is universally expressed in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but not in neurons or microglia. Interestingly, we discover a subpopulation of Olig2+ astrocytes that are highly enriched in some specific regions including the olfactory bulb, thalamus, midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord in the adult mice. Moreover, OPCs have high expression level of Olig2, whereas oligodendrocytes and astrocytes have similar level of Olig2 expression. Our results suggest that a distinct population of Olig2+ astrocytes are highly concentrated in discrete regions in the adult CNS. Investigating the functional significance of these Olig2+ astrocytes in both resting state and pathological state of the brain and spinal cord may broaden our understanding on astrocytic heterogeneity and functions.
Surfactant therapies for pediatric and neonatal ARDS: ESPNIC expert consensus opinion for future research steps
Authors: De Luca Daniele , Cogo Paola , Kneyber Martin C. , Biban Paolo , Semple Malcolm Grace , Perez-Gil Jesus , Conti Giorgio , Tissieres Pierre , Rimensberger Peter C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPediatric (PARDS) and neonatal (NARDS) acute respiratory distress syndrome have different age-specific characteristics and definitions. Trials on surfactant for ARDS in children and neonates have been performed well before the PARDS and NARDS definitions and yielded conflicting results. This is mainly due to heterogeneity in study design reflecting historic lack of pathobiology knowledge. We reviewed the available clinical and preclinical data to create an expert consensus aiming to inform future research steps and advance the knowledge in this area. Eight trials investigated the use of surfactant for ARDS in children and ten in neonates, respectively. There were improvements in oxygenation (7/8 trials in children, 7/10 in neonates) and mortality (3/8 trials in children, 1/10 in neonates) improved. Trials were heterogeneous for patients’ characteristics, surfactant type and administration strategy. Key pathobiological concepts were missed in study design. Consensus with strong agreement was reached on four statements:There are sufficient preclinical and clinical data to support targeted research on surfactant therapies for PARDS and NARDS. Studies should be performed according to the currently available definitions and considering recent pathobiology knowledge.PARDS and NARDS should be considered as syndromes and should be pre-clinically studied according to key characteristics, such as direct or indirect (primary or secondary) nature, clinical severity, infectious or non-infectious origin or patients’ age.Explanatory should be preferred over pragmatic design for future trials on PARDS and NARDS.Different clinical outcomes need to be chosen for PARDS and NARDS, according to the trial phase and design, trigger type, severity class and/or surfactant treatment policy.We advocate for further well-designed preclinical and clinical studies to investigate the use of surfactant for PARDS and NARDS following these principles.
Role of endothelial microRNA 155 on capillary leakage in systemic inflammation
Authors: Etzrodt Valerie , Idowu Temitayo O. , Schenk Heiko , Seeliger Benjamin , Prasse Antje , Thamm Kristina , Pape Thorben , Müller-Deile Janina , van Meurs Matijs , Thum Thomas , Garg Ankita , Geffers Robert , Stahl Klaus , Parikh Samir M. , Haller Hermann , David Sascha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Capillary leakage is a key contributor to the pathological host response to infections. The underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and the role of microRNAs (MIR) has not been investigated in detail. We hypothesized that specific MIRs might be regulated directly in the endothelium thereby contributing to vascular leakage.

Methods
SmallRNA sequencing of endotoxemic murine pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) was done to detect regulated vascular MIRs. In vivo models: transgenic zebrafish (flk1:mCherry/l-fabp:eGFP-DPB), knockout/wildtype mouse (B6.Cg-Mir155tm1.1Rsky/J); disease models: LPS 17.5 mg/kgBW and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); in vitro models: stimulated human umbilical vein EC (HUVECs), transendothelial electrical resistance.

Results
Endothelial MIR155 was identified as a promising candidate in endotoxemic murine pulmonary ECs (25 × upregulation). Experimental overexpression in a transgenic zebrafish line and in HUVECs was sufficient to induce spontaneous vascular leakage. To the contrary, genetic MIR155 reduction protects against permeability both in vitro and in endotoxemia in vivo in MIR155 heterozygote knockout mice thereby improving survival by 40%. A tight junction protein, Claudin-1, was down-regulated both in endotoxemia and by experimental MIR155 overexpression. Translationally, MIR155 was detectable at high levels in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with ARDS compared to healthy human subjects.

Conclusions
We found that MIR155 is upregulated in the endothelium in mouse and men as part of a systemic inflammatory response and might contribute to the pathophysiology of vascular leakage in a Claudin-1-dependent manner. Future studies have to clarify whether MIR155 could be a potential therapeutic target.
CADD-Splice—improving genome-wide variant effect prediction using deep learning-derived splice scores
Authors: Rentzsch Philipp , Schubach Max , Shendure Jay , Kircher Martin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Splicing of genomic exons into mRNAs is a critical prerequisite for the accurate synthesis of human proteins. Genetic variants impacting splicing underlie a substantial proportion of genetic disease, but are challenging to identify beyond those occurring at donor and acceptor dinucleotides. To address this, various methods aim to predict variant effects on splicing. Recently, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to achieve better results in predicting splice variants than other strategies.

Methods
It has been unclear how best to integrate such process-specific scores into genome-wide variant effect predictors. Here, we use a recently published experimental data set to compare several machine learning methods that score variant effects on splicing. We integrate the best of those approaches into general variant effect prediction models and observe the effect on classification of known pathogenic variants.

Results
We integrate two specialized splicing scores into CADD (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion; cadd.gs.washington.edu), a widely used tool for genome-wide variant effect prediction that we previously developed to weight and integrate diverse collections of genomic annotations. With this new model, CADD-Splice, we show that inclusion of splicing DNN effect scores substantially improves predictions across multiple variant categories, without compromising overall performance.

Conclusions
While splice effect scores show superior performance on splice variants, specialized predictors cannot compete with other variant scores in general variant interpretation, as the latter account for nonsense and missense effects that do not alter splicing. Although only shown here for splice scores, we believe that the applied approach will generalize to other specific molecular processes, providing a path for the further improvement of genome-wide variant effect prediction.
Associations of sleep characteristics with atopic disease: a cross-sectional study among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Chen Yiting , Yang Qian , Zhao Kena , Wu Zengqiang , Shen Xiaoming , Li Shenghui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence, as a transition between childhood and adulthood, is a critical stage for the long-term control of atopic diseases. We aim to determine if sleep characteristics are involved in the increased risk of atopic disease among adolescents.MethodsAdopting the stratified cluster random sampling method, this cross-sectional survey included 4932 participants aged 12–18 years. The Chinese version of adolescent sleep disturbance questionnaire and the adolescent sleep hygiene scale were used to collect information on sleep problems and sleep hygiene, respectively. Logistic regression models were implemented to examine the associations of sleep with atopic diseases.ResultsSleep duration was not found to be related with allergic diseases. By contrast, sleep-disordered breathing was associated with an increased risk of asthma (adjusted OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.25–2.55), allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.52–2.49), and eczema (adjusted OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.23–2.16); poor sleep physiology was correspondent to increased odds of asthma (adjusted OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.24–2.29), allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.13–1.73) and eczema (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.32–2.09); non-optimal sleep environment was associated with an increased prevalence of asthma (adjusted OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.08–2.12), allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.04–1.69) and eczema (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.19–1.96).ConclusionsAs sleep-disordered breathing, poor sleep physiology and non-optimal sleep environment were associated with a higher risk of allergic diseases, the results of this study provide a new concept for the adjuvant treatment of allergic diseases in adolescents. Management strategies of allergic diseases should take regular screening and targeted treatment of sleep issues into account.
Dynamics of epidemic diseases without guaranteed immunity
Authors: Langfeld Kurt 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) suggests a novel type of disease spread dynamics. We here study the case where infected agents recover and only develop immunity if they are continuously infected for some time τ. For large τ, the disease model is described by a statistical field theory. Hence, the phases of the underlying field theory characterise the disease dynamics: (i) a pandemic phase and (ii) a response regime. The statistical field theory provides an upper bound of the peak rate of infected agents. An effective control strategy needs to aim to keep the disease in the response regime (no ‘second’ wave). The model is tested at the quantitative level using an idealised disease network. The model excellently describes the epidemic spread of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the city of Wuhan, China. We find that only 30% of the recovered agents have developed immunity.
On the ω-multiple Charlier polynomials
Authors: Özarslan Mehmet Ali , Baran Gizem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to define and investigate more general multiple Charlier polynomials on the linear lattice $\omega \mathbb{N} = \{ 0,\omega ,2\omega ,\ldots \} $
ω
N
=
{
0
,
ω
,
2
ω
,
…
}
, $\omega \in \mathbb{R}$
ω
∈
R
. We call these polynomials ω-multiple Charlier polynomials. Some of their properties, such as the raising operator, the Rodrigues formula, an explicit representation and a generating function are obtained. Also an $( r+1 )$
(
r
+
1
)
th order difference equation is given. As an example we consider the case $\omega =\frac{3}{2}$
ω
=

3

2

and define $\frac{3}{2}$

3

2

-multiple Charlier polynomials. It is also mentioned that, in the case $\omega =1$
ω
=
1
, the obtained results coincide with the existing results of multiple Charlier polynomials.
Method for detection of unsafe actions in power field based on edge computing architecture
Authors: Yin Yanfang , Lin Jinjiao , Sun Nongliang , Zhu Qigang , Zhang Shuaishuai , Zhang Yanjie , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to the high risk factors in the electric power industry, the safety of power system can be improved by using the surveillance system to predict and warn the operators’ nonstandard and unsafe actions in real time. In this paper, aiming at the real-time and accuracy requirements in video intelligent surveillance, a method based on edge computing architecture is proposed to judge unsafe actions of electric power operations in time. In this method, the service of unsafe actions judgment is deployed to the edge cloud, which improves the real-time performance. In order to identify the action being executed, the end-to-end action recognition model proposed in this paper uses the Temporal Convolutional Neural Network (TCN) to extract local temporal features and a Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) layer to extract global temporal features, which increases the accuracy of action fragment recognition. The result of action recognition is combined with the result of equipment target recognition based on the yolov3 model, and the classification rule is used to determine whether the current action is safe. Experiments show that the proposed method has better real-time performance, and the proposed action cognition is verified on the MSRAction Dataset, which improves the recognition accuracy of action segments. At the same time, the judgment results of unsafe actions also prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Degradation of mitochondrial structure and deficiency of complex I were associated with the transgenic CMS of rice
Authors: Tang Danfeng , Wei Fan , Khan Aziz , Munsif Fazal , Zhou Ruiyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Mitochondria play a significant role in plant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). In our previous study, mitochondrial complex I genes, nad4, nad5, and nad7 showed polymorphisms between the transgenic CMS line M2BS and its wild type M2B. The sterility mechanism of the M2BS at cytological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular level is not clear.

Results
Cytological observation showed that the anthers were light yellow, fissured, invalid in KI-I2, and full of irregularly typical abortion pollen grains in M2BS. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation revealed no nucleus and degraded mitochondria with obscure cristae in anther cells of M2BS. The results of staining for H2O2 presented a large number of electron dense precipitates (edp) in intercellular space of anther cells of M2BS at anthesis. Moreover, the anther respiration rate and complex I activity of M2BS were significantly lower than those of wild type M2B during pollen development. Furthermore, RNA editing results showed only nad7 presented partially edited at 534th nucleotides. The expression of nad5 and nad7 revealed significant differences between M2B and M2BS.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that mitochondrial structural degradation and complex I deficiency might be associated with transgenic CMS of rice.
Effect of rhizobial inoculants on yield and yield components of faba bean (Vicia fabae L.) on vertisol of Wereillu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Gedamu Samuel Adissie , Tsegaye Enyew Adgo , Beyene Tesfaye Feyisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Nitrogen fixation by legumes like faba bean is a cheap way of fixing atmospheric nitrogen to plant available form. However, the inoculation of grain legumes with rhizobium bacteria are poorly researched in Amhara Region of Ethiopia.

Methods
Thus, a study to examine the effects of rhizobium leguminosarum (var vicae) strains on nodulation, growth, and yield of faba bean was conducted in Wereillu district of Amhara Region, Ethiopia during the rainy season of 2018. The treatments comprised of four levels of faba bean Rhizobium strains (un-inoculated, EAL-1018, EAL-1035 and EAL-17) arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The collected data on yield and yield-related parameters were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, 2003), version 9.1 and subjected to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test for mean separation when the analysis of variance was significant.

Results
The result revealed that the effect of EAL-1018 brought significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher difference on nodule number, nodulation volume, nodule dry weight, biomass yield and grain yield compared to the control. Faba bean strain, EAL-1018 gave 45.6, 27 and 11.6% grain yield advantage over the control, EAL1017 and EAL 1035 respectively.

Conclusion
Biologically as well as Economically EAL 1018 brought the maximum yield and net benefit (47020.7) compared to the other treatments. Hence, EAL-1018 is recommended for the study area and similar agro—ecologies.
Are Older Persons in China Living More Years in an Independent Living Arrangement? Estimates Using Multistate Life Tables
Authors: Zimmer Zachary , Chiu Chi-Tsun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adopting a multistate life table approach, this study estimates number of years the very old in China expect to live in an independent living arrangement (alone or with spouse only)—an estimate we term “independent living life expectancy” (ILLE)—as opposed to in coresidence with adult children or others. We also estimate how ILLE and proportion of total life expectancy (TLE) residing independently has changed over time. The backdrop for this study is a society experiencing both increasing longevity and social changes that influence the tendency to live in an independent living arrangement. The study concentrates on assessing whether changes in ILLE match or surpass gains in TLE experienced by oldest-old Chinese adults. Data are from the 2002–2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, and estimation is conducted using the Stochastic Population Analysis for Complex Events software. Results suggest that on balance, gains in ILLE are proportionately greater than gains in TLE, indicating an expansion of ILLE for most Chinese elders. Males, septuagenarian females, and disabled septuagenarians are the most likely to be living proportionately longer lives in an independent living arrangement. In contrast, extremely old (nonagenarian and centenarian) females and extremely old disabled individuals are least likely to have experienced dramatic changes in proportion of life residing independently. The findings imply some support for the hypothesis that given the maintenance of family solidarity in China, those in greatest need are least likely to encounter the most extreme changes toward independent living arrangements.
Correlation between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Yu Rong , Hou Ruigang , Wang Tong , Li Tianliang , Han Huiyuan , An Jian 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To investigate the correlation between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: In this retrospective study, 120 ACS patients who received PCI in our hospital from September 2014 to August 2019 were selected and divided into MACE group and normal discharge (ND) group. Their clinical data were collected, and MHR values were compared. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the correlations between various factors and ACS. The correlation between MHR and Gensini score was subjected to Pearson’s analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the diagnostic value of MHR for MACE.
Results: Hypertension degree, white cell count, Gensini score, MHR and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoB, lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] and uric acid (UA) in MACE group were significantly higher than those in ND group (P<0.05). HDLC, ApoA1, TC, MHR, LDLC and ApoB were independent risk factors for MACE of ACS patients after PCI (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between MHR and Gensini score (r=0.832, P<0.05), and the optimal cutoff value of MHR for diagnosing MACE was 9.45.
Conclusion: Serum MHR is positively correlated with Gensini score in ACS patients after PCI, which can be used as an independent predictor for MACE in hospital.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3469
How to cite this:Yu R, Hou R, Wang T, Li T, Han H, An J. Correlation between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):885-889. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3469
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Exploring the physical and psychosocial experience of Immersion Therapy for people living with a disability
Authors: Naumann Karlee , Kernot Jocelyn , Parfitt Gaynor , Davison Kade 
Published: February 2021

Background: Immersion Therapy (IT), is an underwater experience using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) equipment for individuals with disabilities. The aim of this study was to produce a descriptive overview of IT and explore measures used to capture physical and psychosocial experiences. Methods: Six participants, two females and four males aged 24-54, with a range of disabilities were recruited. A single session was filmed and analysed, with a selection of outcome measures explored during and post session. Results: A typical session of IT involves both active and inactive time, with a range of observed activities. All participants showed an increase in heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and affect, however, these results varied. IT is described as ‘fun, challenging and social’, with participants expressing they enjoy the freedom and experience. The overall perception and experience of the activity tends to be positive. Conclusions: More research is required to determine if IT has significant effects on physical and psychosocial outcomes.