bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Serum Capped Silver Nanoparticles for Selective Killing of Microbial Cells Sparing Host Cells
Authors: Parveen Rehana , Maiti Prasanta Kumar , Murmu Nabendu , Datta Alokmay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Following access into cell, colloidal silver nanoparticles exhibit generalized cytotoxic properties, thus appear as omnipotent microbicidal, but not suitable for systemic use unless are free of toxic effects on host cells. The serum capped silver nanoparticles when prepared from silver nitrate, using dextrose as reducing and group-matched homologous serum as a stabilizing agent, selective endocytosis and oxidative stress dependent bio-functional damages to the host are mostly eliminated. For their bio-mimicking outer coat, there is least possibility of internalization into host-cells or liberation of excess oxidants in circulation following interaction with erythrocytes or vascμμμar endothelial cells. Presence of infection specific antibody in the serum can make such nano-conjugates more selective. A potent antimicrobial action and a wide margin of safety for mammalian cells in comparison with very similar PVA-capped silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated by in-vitro challenge of such nanoparticles on different microbes, human liver cell-line, and in-vivo study on mice model. This may open-up wide-range therapeutic prospects of colloidal nanoparticles.
Ecology, Seasonality and Host Preferences of Austrian Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) Mascittii Grassi, 1908, Populations
Authors: Kniha Edwin , Milchram Markus , Dvořák Vít , Halada Petr , Obwaller Adelheid G. , Poeppl Wolfgang , Mooseder Gerhard , Volf Petr , Walochnik Julia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Sand flies are principal vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp., widely distributed in all warmer regions of the world, including the Mediterranean parts of Europe. In Central European countries, the sand fly fauna is still understudied. Phlebotomus mascittii, a suspected but unproven vector of Leishmania infantum, is regarded as the most widely distributed species in Europe. However, many aspects of its biology and ecology remain poorly known. The aim of this study was to provide new data on Ph. mascittii biology and ecology in Austria to better understand its current distribution and potential dispersal.Methods: Sand fly trappings were conducted at four different locations in Austria for eleven and fifteen weeks during the active period in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Climatic parameters including temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and wind speed were retrospectively obtained for the trapping periods and blood meals of engorged females were analysed by DNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.Results: In total, 450 individuals of Ph. mascittii were caught. Activity was observed to start at the beginning of June and end at the end of August with peaks in mid-July at three locations and early August at one location. Increasing activity was associated with relatively high temperatures and humidity. Also, more individuals were caught in nights with low barometric pressure. Five identified blood meals revealed three times chicken (Gallus gallus) and twice equines (Equus spp.) as hosts. Sand fly abundance was generally associated with availability of hosts.Conclusion: This study reports an unexpectedly high abundance of Ph. mascittii at studied Austrian localities and provides the first detailed analysis of its ecology to date. Temperature and humidity were shown to be good predictors for sand fly activity. Blood meal analyses support the assumption that Ph. mascittii feeds on mammals as well as birds. The study significantly contributes to understanding the ecology of this sand fly species in Central Europe and facilitates prospective entomological surveys.
Sex Differences in the Outcomes of Elderly Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction&nbsp;
Authors: Sun Jiaxing , Tai Shi , Yanan Guo , Tang Liang , Yang Hui , Li Xuping , Xing Zhenhua , Fu Liyao , Zhou Shenghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been shown the impacts of sex on patients' outcomes with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but little is known about the impacts of sex on elderly patients with HFpEF.Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted to evaluate the impacts of sex on outcomes of patients who were ≥70 years of age with HFpEF from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT). The primary outcome was composed of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, HF hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalization. Cox regression models were used to determine sex differences in outcomes.Results: A total of 1619 patients were included: 898 (55.5%) women and 721 (44.5%) men. Their age ranged from 70 to 94 years, similar between women and men. Women had fewer comorbidities than men. The rate of primary outcome was lower in women than in men (18.9% vs. 28.1%, p=0.002), including CV mortality (10.6% vs. 15.4%, p=0.039) and HF hospitalization (13.5% vs. 19.0%, p=0.033). After adjustment for baseline characteristic, the Cox regression analysis showed that woman was a protective factor for CV mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40-0.73), HF hospitalization (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55-0.93) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-0.75). Although a significant reduction in all-cause mortality associated with spironolactone in women was observed even after adjustment (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48-0.96; p=0.028), there is not a significant multivariate sex-treatment interaction (p interaction=0.190).Conclusion: Among elderly patients with HFpEF, women had fewer comorbidities and better outcomes. Clinical trial registration: NCT00094302 (TOPCAT). Registered 15 October 2004, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00094302
External Validation of Models to Predict Unsuccessful Endometrial Ablation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Stevens Kelly Yvonne Roger , Houterman Saskia , Weyers Steven , Muller Iris , Schoot Benedictus 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Study Objective: External validation of previously presented and locally established prediction models to help counsel patients for failure of endometrial ablation (EA) or surgical re-intervention within 2 years after EA, called ‘Failure model’ and ‘Re-intervention model’ respectively. Design: Retrospective external validation study, minimal follow-up time of 2 years. Setting: Two non-academic teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients: Pre-menopausal women (18+) who had undergone EA for abnormal uterine bleeding problems between January 2010 and November 2012. A total of 329 patients were eligible for analysis. Interventions: Interventions used for EA were Novasure (Hologic, Marlborough, Massachusetts, US) and ThermaChoice III (Ethicon, Sommerville, US). Measurements and Main Results: The Area Under the Receiver Operating characteristics Curve (AUROC) for the outcome parameter of failure within 2 years after EA was 0.59 (95% CI 0.53 – 0.65). Variables in this model were dysmenorrhea, age, parity ≥5 and preoperative menorrhagia. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed no significant difference between the observed and predicted outcome. (Chi-square: 4.62, P-value: .80) The AUROC for the outcome parameter surgical re-intervention within 2 years was 0.62 (95% CI 0.53 – 0.70) Variables in this model were dysmenorrhea, age, menstrual duration> 7 days, parity ≥5 and a previous caesarean section. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed no significant difference between the observed and predicted outcome (Chi-square 11.34, P-value .18). Conclusion: Both the failure model and the re-intervention model can be used to predict unsuccessful endometrial ablation in the general population within two years after the procedure. It can be used prior to surgery to facilitate tailor-made shared decision-making, and help counsel patients with regards to the potential outcome of their treatment with the use of a personally calculated percentage.
Tailoring the Activation Energy and the Ionic Properties of Bismuth co-doped SDC Powder Prepared by Solid State Reaction Method
Authors: Kottooli Sandhya , Priya N.S. Chitra , Revathy J.S. , Rajendran Deepthi N. , Praveen T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Research on fuel cell components has received great attention owing to the growing need for sustainable energy sources. Bismuth (Bi 3+ ) co-doped samarium doped cerium oxide [Ce 1-x Sm x-y Bi y O 2-δ (x=0.2 and y=0, 0.05 and 0.1)] nanosystems were prepared by solid state reaction method. Rietveld structure refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the cubic fluorite structure along the (111) plane with the decrease in lattice distortion. At the same sintering temperature, pellets exhibit good morphology with better mechanical strength. The conductivity measurements carried out using the Nyquist plot, as well as the modulus spectra, indicate the effect of grain and grain boundary conduction at high temperatures. With the increase in the incorporation of Bi dopant, there is a gradual decrease in ionic conductivity and activation energy. The composition of Ce 0.8 Sm 0.1 Bi 0.1 O 2-δ exhibits less ionic conductivity compared to other samples due to the oxygen vacancies attracted by dopant cations. The effect of Bi 3+ dopants on samarium doped ceria lattice structures and the electrical properties of the systems has been discussed.
Validation, emotion dysregulation and self-harm Results from an anonymous large-scale Internet-based study of young people
Authors: Wijana Moa Bråthén , Ghaderi Ata , Enebrink Pia , Liljedahl Sophie Isabelle 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Self-harm is a major public healh concern and it is particularly prevalent among adolescents. The functions of self-harm are diverse, but can be devided into interpersonal and intrapersonal. Linehan’s Biosocial Theory suggests that there is a transaction between the indivduals’ emotional vulnurablity and an invalidating environment, which in turn results in maladptive and often self-destructive behaviors. This paper examines the associations between self-harm, emotion dysregulation and percieved validation/invalidation. Methods: A total of 1910 (M age = 17.2, 86.9% female gender identity) respondents completed questionnaires in an anonymous Web-based survey. We used well-established questionnairs for assessing self-harm and emotion dysregulation, and for the assessment of perceived validation/invalidation we used a novel instrument “Responses to my Emotion, Thoghts and Actions, REMTA”. Results: Validation/invalidation correlated with self-harm and to an even larger extent to emotional dysregulation. A lagre and significat part of the association between self-harm and perceived validation/inavldiation was also mediated by emotion regulation. Validation/invalidation from family members had a higher impact on both self-harm and emotion dysregulation than from non-relatives. Those reporting high levels of invalidation also reported significantly more difficulties in emotion regulation. Conclusions: The present study contributes to the understanding validation in the ethiology of self-harm. The results also provide additional support for the Biosocial Theory and has implication assessment and treatment of self-harm. Trial registration: The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Board in Stockholm (Dnr. 2015/815-31/5).
Representational content determines the long-term dynamics of the CA1 spatial code
Authors: Keinath Alexandra , Mosser Coralie-Anne , Brandon Mark 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hippocampal subregion CA1 is thought to support episodic memory by reinstating a stable spatial code. Yet recent experiments have demonstrated that this code is largely unstable on a timescale of days, challenging its presumed function. While these dynamics may indeed reflect homogenous drift within the population, they may alternatively reflect distinct time-varying representational component(s) which coexists alongside other stable components. Here we adjudicate between these possibilities. To this end, we characterized the mouse CA1 spatial code over more than a month of daily experience in an extended geometric morph paradigm. We find that this code is governed by distinct representational components with different long-term dynamics, including stable components representing spatial geometry and prior experience. These components are mediated by separate neural ensembles with similar short-term spatial reliability and precision. Together, these results demonstrate that the long-term dynamics of the CA1 spatial code are defined by representational content, not homogenous drift.
Cerebral Hemorrhage following Aspirin Administration in a Patient with Delayed Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Tao Yijing , Gong Fangqi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of childhood, which has a typical coronary artery aneurysm complication. Cerebral arteries are usually spared from the disease process. Intracranial aneurysms and hemorrhage strokes are rarely reported.Case presentation: A 12-year-old boy presented with a sudden disturbance of consciousness caused by an intracranial aneurysm’s rupture. Through later clinical manifestations and echocardiography, we found that he had been in Kawasaki disease 20 days before the hospitalization.Conclusions: This case shows a close link between Kawasaki disease and cerebral aneurysm complication. It arouses more attention to applying aspirin appropriately in the perioperative intracranial surgery period of KD patients. For febrile patients with high-risk factors for KD, echocardiograms may be performed before day 5 of fever.
Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee: a Systematic Review of Conservative Treatment Approaches
Authors: Lair Johannes , Fink Christian , Csapo Robert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) is an insufficiently defined disease. Although recent research suggests that SONK may be caused by subchondral insufficiency fractures, its precise etiology remains unclear. Currently, no therapeutic guidelines exist.Purpose: This systematic review aimed to collate the scientific literature on conservative treatment approaches for SONK and to derive respective recommendations.Methods: The PUBMED database was searched for relevant articles published until November 2020. All articles in German or English language dealing with the conservative therapy of SONK were included. Animal research studies and reviews were not considered. Studies that used specific treatment outcomes as inclusion criterion and those that lacked a conservative treatment group, magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnosis, reported outcomes of conservatively managed patients or basic descriptions of the treatment modalities were excluded.Results: Twenty-two articles comprising a total sample size of 521 patients were included. Eighteen of the included studies (82%) tested the effects of some form of restriction of weight-bearing, bisphosphonates or a combination of both. Sixteen studies (73%) reported clinical and/or radiological improvements. However, outcomes varied considerably in dependency of the radiologic presentation, demography and further prognostic factors.Conclusion: Many conservative therapy methods appear effective in the treatment of orthopedic syndromes classified as SONK, with the most robust evidence existing for restriction of weight-bearing and bisphosphonates. The heterogeneity of radiologic presentations and treatment outcomes suggests that the generic term SONK might obscure the presence of different underlying pathologies. Indeed, many lesions may represent subchondral fractures, which should be referred to as subchondral fractures of the knee (SFK). A clear delineation of the disorders and standardized MRI-based diagnostic criteria are required.
First report of detection of microcystins in farmed Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialisin Thermaikos gulf-Greece, using ELISA and liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Kalaitzidou Maria , Nannou Christina , Lambropoulou Dinitra , Papageorgiou Konstantinos , Theodoridis Alexandros , Economou Vangelis , Giantsis Ioannis , Aggelidis Panagiotis , Kritas Spyridon , Petridou Evanthia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Microcystins are emerging marine biotoxins, produced by potentially toxic cyanobacteria. Their presence has been reported in aquatic animals in Greek internal waters, while data are few in marine environments. Since the climate change induce eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in coastal marine ecosystems affecting the public health, further research on microcystins’ presence in marine waters is required. The aim of this study was to detect the potential presence of microcystins in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis in the largest farming areas in Thermaikos gulf, in Northern Greece, and to investigate their temporal and spatial distribution, adding to the knowledge of microcystins presence in Greek Mediterranean mussels.
Results
A three years microcystins’ assessment was conducted from 2013 to 2016, in farmed Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, in five sampling areas in Thermaikos gulf, in northern Greece, where the 90% of mussels’ farming activities is located. The isolation of potentially toxic cyanobacteria was confirmed by molecular methods. An initial screening was performed with a qualitative and quantitative direct monoclonal (DM) ELISA and results above 1ng/g were confirmed for the occurrence of the most common microcystins -RR, -LR and -YR, by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a high- resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) (Orbitrap analyzer). Microcystin -RR and microcystin -LR were detected, while the intensity of microcystin-YR was below the method detection limit. Most samples that exhibited concentrations above 1ng/g were detected during the warm seasons of the year and especially in Spring. Results indicated an overestimation of the ELISA method, since concentrations ranged between 0.70 ± 0.15 ng/g and 53.90 ± 3.18 ng/g, while the confirmation declared that the levels of microcystins were 6 to 22 times lower.
Conclusions
Microcystin RR and microcystin LR were detected for the first time in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, harvested from farms in Thermaikos gulf, in Central Macedonia, in Greece. Their presence was linked to potentially toxic cyanobacteria. Bioaccumulation in digestive gland was observed, while the concentrations in muscles were found extremely low. Samples with levels above 1ng/g were observed mostly during spring, confirming the seasonal distribution of microcystins. The comparison of the results by the ELISA and the LC-Orbitrap MS method indicated an overestimation of concentration by the ELISA method.
Clinical Performance and Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients with Severe Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation and Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jensen Jesper , Clemmensen Tor , Frederiksen Christian , Schofer Joachim , Andersen Mads , Poulsen Steen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the functional capacity and hemodynamics at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and severe functional symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation (AF-FTR).BackgroundSymptoms and clinical performance of severe AF-FTR mimic the population of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Severe AF-FTR is known to be associated with an adverse prognosis whereas less is reported about the clinical performance including exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients symptomatic AF-FTR. MethodsRight heart catheterization (RHC) at rest and during exercise was conducted in a group of patients with stable chronic AF-TR and compared with a group of patients with HFpEF diagnosed with cardiac amyloid cardiomyopathy (CA). All patients had preserved ejection fraction and no significant left-sided disease. ResultsPatients with AF-FTR demonstrated a low exercise capacity that was comparable to CA patients (TR 4.9 ± 1.2 METS vs. CA 4. 7 ± 1.5 METS; P = 0.78) with an average peak maximal oxygen consumption of 15 mL/min/kg. Right atrium pressure increased significantly more in the AF-FTR patients as compared to CA patients at peak exercise (25 ± 8 vs 19 ± 9, p<0.01) whereas PCWP increased significantly to a similar extent in both groups (31 ± 4 vs 31 ± 8 mmHg, p=0.88). Cardiac output (CO) was significantly lower among AF-FTR at rest as compared to CA patients (3.6 ± 0.9 vs 4.4 ± 1.3 l/min; p<0.05) whereas both groups demonstrated a poor but comparable CO reserve at peak exercise (7.3 ± 2.9 vs 7.9 ± 3.8 l/min, p=0.59). ConclusionsAF-FTR contributes to the development of advanced heart failure symptoms and poor exercise capacity reflected in increased atrial filling pressures, reduced cardiac output at rest and during exercise sharing common features seen in HFpEF patients with other etiologies.
Chemotherapy plus atezolizumab for a patient with small cell lung cancer undergoing hemodialysis: A short report
Authors: Imaji Mihoko , Fujimoto Daichi , Kato Mai , Tanaka Masanori , Furuta Katsuyuki , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe addition of the programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor atezolizumab to the carboplatin and etoposide combination is the standard first-line treatment for patients with previously untreated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, there is little information about its safety in an increasing number of cancer patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Case presentationAn 80-year-old male received carboplatin (AUC = 5 125 mg/body on day 1), etoposide (40 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3), and atezolizumab (1200 mg/body on day 1) as the first-line therapy for ES-SCLC. He was undergoing HD thrice a week for 7 years owing to chronic renal failure. HD was provided 16 hours after carboplatin administration. During the first cycle, grade 4 neutropenia (neutrophil count: 74 /μL) and leukopenia (white blood cell count: 680 /μL) occurred. Therefore, the chemotherapy was performed with a reduced dose of carboplatin (AUC = 4 100 mg/body) and etoposide (30 mg/m2) from the second to fourth cycles. After 4 cycles, the patient did not develop any severe non-hematologic adverse events, showing a remarkable response. ConclusionWe conclude that the carboplatin, etoposide, and atezolizumab combination can be safely administered to cancer patients undergoing HD.