bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can measures of sleep quality or white matter structural integrity predict level of worry or rumination in adolescents facing stressful situations? Lessons from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jamieson Daniel , Kannis‐Dymand Lee , Beaudequin Denise A. , Schwenn Paul , Shan Zack , McLoughlin Larisa T. , Lagopoulos Jim , Hermens Daniel F. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionCOVID‐19 has resulted in major life changes to the majority of the world population, particularly adolescents, with social‐distancing measures such as home‐based schooling likely to impact sleep quality. Increased worry is also likely considering the substantial financial, educational and health concerns accompanying COVID‐19. White matter (WM) integrity has been shown to be associated with anxiety and depression symptoms, including worry, as well being closely associated with sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate the associations between pre‐COVID sleep quality, WM structural integrity and levels of worry and rumination about COVID.MethodsN = 30 adolescent participants from Queensland, Australia, completed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning pre‐COVID, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) pre and during COVID, and 9 items designed to measure 3 constructs, perceived impact of COVID, general worry, and COVID‐specific worry and rumination.ResultsSleep quality (PSQI total) was significantly poorer during COVID compared with pre‐COVID. Sleep onset latency measured pre‐COVID was significantly associated with COVID‐specific worry and rumination. While the structural integrity of a number of WM tracts (measured pre‐COVID) were found to be significantly associated with COVID‐specific worry and rumination. Follow‐up regression analysis using a model including pre‐COVID sleep onset latency, structural integrity of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), gender and change in PSQI explained a significant 47% of the variance in COVID‐specific worry and rumination.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that adolescents with poor sleep quality and perturbed WM integrity may be at risk of heightened reactivity to future stressful events and interventions should focus on improving sleep onset latency.
To the Uttermost Parts of the Earth
Authors: Koskenniemi Martti 
Published: August 2021

To the Uttermost Parts of the Earth shows the vital role played by legal imagination in the formation of the international order during 1300–1870. It discusses how European statehood arose during early modernity as a locally specific combination of ideas about sovereign power and property rights, and how those ideas expanded to structure the formation of European empires and consolidate modern international relations. By connecting the development of legal thinking with the history of political thought and by showing the gradual rise of economic analysis into predominance, the author argues that legal ideas from different European legal systems - Spanish, French, English and German - have played a prominent role in the history of global power. This history has emerged in imaginative ways to combine public and private power, sovereignty and property. The book will appeal to readers crossing conventional limits between international law, international relations, history of political thought, jurisprudence and legal history.
Impact of mandatory vaccination of healthcare personnel on rates of influenza and other viral respiratory pathogens
Authors: Simberkoff Michael S. , Rattigan Susan M. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Gibert Cynthia L. , Gorse Geoffrey J. , Nyquist Ann-Christine , Price Connie S. , Reich Nicholas , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C. , Bessesen Mary , Brown Alexandria , Cummings Derek A.T. , Radonovich Lewis J. , Perl Trish M. ,   for the ResPECT Study Team
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:The implementation of mandatory influenza vaccination policies among healthcare personnel (HCP) is controversial. Thus, we examined the affect of mandatory influenza vaccination policies among HCP working in outpatient settings.Setting:Four Veterans’ Affairs (VA) health systems and three non-VA medical centers.Methods:We analyzed rates of influenza and other viral causes of respiratory infections among HCP working in outpatient sites at 4 VA health systems without mandatory influenza vaccination policies and 3 non-VA health systems with mandatory influenza vaccination policies.Results:Influenza vaccination was associated with a decreased risk of influenza (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.22) but an increased risk of other respiratory viral infections (incidence rate ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02–1.57).Conclusions:Our fitted regression models suggest that if influenza vaccination rates in clinics where vaccination was not mandated had equalled those where vaccine was mandated, HCP influenza infections would have been reduced by 52.1% (95% CI, 51.3%–53.0%). These observations, their possible causes, and additional strategies to reduce influenza and other viral respiratory illnesses among HCP working in ambulatory clinics warrant further investigation.
The nature of entrepreneurial orientation strength: the impact of shared values on firm performance
Authors: Weinzimmer Laurence G. , Michel Eric J. , Robin Jennifer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDrawing on Wales, Monsen, and McKelvie's (2011, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,35(5), 895–923) model of entrepreneurial orientation pervasiveness and the strong culture hypothesis (Denison, 1984, Organization Dynamics,13, 4–22), this study investigates howentrepreneurial orientation (EO) strength, defined as the level of agreement in the shared perceptions of EO, serves as a boundary condition of the EO–firm performance relationship. Four field studies provide evidence for a valid and reliable 10-item multidimensional measure of entrepreneurial orientation, the EO-10, which in turn, may be used to assess EO strength. We establish content and construct validity of the EO-10 (study 1;n= 447 employees), criterion-related validity with revenue growth and sales growth (study 2;n= 412 employees in 43 profit centers), and convergent validity with Covin and Slevin's (1989, Strategic Management Journal,10, 75–87) 9-item measure (study 3;n= 291 employees). Finally, in study 4 (n= 853 employees nested in 22 organizations), we demonstrate the interactive effects of EO and EO strength on profit growth and revenue growth. In sum, this study provides conceptual and empirical evidence for the importance of EO strength as a moderator of the EO–firm performance relationship.
The G protein-first activation mechanism of opioid receptors by Gi protein and agonists
Authors: Mafi Amirhossein , Kim Soo-Kyung , Goddard William A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report the G protein-first mechanism for activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) for the three closest subtypes of the opioid receptors (OR), μOR, κOR and δOR. We find that they couple to the inactive Gi protein-bound guanosine diphosphate (GDP) prior to agonist binding. The inactive Gi protein forms anchors to the intracellular loops of the inactive apo-μOR, apo-κOR and apo-δOR, inducing opening of the cytoplasmic region to form a pre-activated state that holds Gi protein in place until agonist binds. Then, agonist binds to μOR, κOR and δOR already complexed with Gi protein, to trigger the Gαi to open up the tightly coupled GDP binding site, making GDP accessible for GTP exchange, an essential step for Gi signalling. We show that the agonist alone cannot open the intracellular region of μOR and κOR, requiring Gi protein to open the cytoplasmic region by itself. We consider that this G protein-first mechanism may apply to activation of other Class A GPCRs. However, for δOR, agonist binding can open up the intracellular region to encourage Gi protein recruitment. Thus, activation of Gi protein mediated by δOR favourably may proceed with either ligand-first or G protein-first activation mechanisms.
MILLET CONSUMPTION IN SIBERIA PRIOR TO MID-SECOND MILLENNIUM BC? A REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Svyatko Svetlana V , Schulting Rick J , Papin Dmitriy , Reimer Paula J 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn this paper we discuss recent developments in documenting the spread of millet across the Eurasian steppes. We emphasize that, despite a recent proposal that millet consumption in southern Siberia can be attributed to the Early Bronze Age (i.e., the late third to early second millennium BC), at present there are no direct data for southern Siberia indicating the consumption of millet prior to the Late Bronze Age, from the 14th century BC. We also present in full the combined stable isotope and 14C datasets from the Minusinsk Basin to support this conclusion.
Eating architecture in adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes: associations with body fat and glycaemic control
Authors: Zhao Lijun , Teong Xiao Tong , Liu Kai , Liu Bo , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Vincent Andrew , Manoogian Emily , Panda Satchidananda , Wittert Gary A. , Hutchison Amy , Heilbronn Leonie K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEating architecture is a term that describes meal frequency, meal timing and meal size and the daily variation in each of these. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between components of eating architecture on body fat and markers of glycaemic control in healthy adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Participants (n73, 39 males, age 58·8 (8·1) years, BMI 33·4 (4·4) kg/m2) recorded food intake and wore accelerometers and continuous glucose monitors (CGM) for 7–14 d under free-living conditions. Body fat and glycated Hb (HbA1c) were also measured. The mean and day-to-day variation (calculated as the standard deviation during the monitoring period) of each component of eating architecture were calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed for three separate outcome variables (body fat mass, mean CGM glucose and HbA1c) for each component of eating architecture before and after adjustment for confounders. Higher variability in the time of first meal consumption was associated with increased body fat mass after adjusting for confounders (β= 0·227, 95 % CI: 0·019, 0·434,P= 0·033). Increased variability in the time lag from waking to first meal consumption was also positively associated with increased HbA1c after adjustment (β= 0·285, 95 % CI: 0·040, 0·530,P= 0·023). Low day-to-day variability in first meal consumption was associated with lower body fat and improved glucose control in adults at increased risk of T2DM. Routine consumption of meals may optimise temporal regulation to anticipate and respond appropriately to a glucose challenge.
Chinese Power and the State-Owned Enterprise
Authors: Stone Randall W. , Wang Yu , Yu Shu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChina has become a leading source of outward foreign direct investment (FDI), and the Chinese state exercises a unique degree of influence over its firms. We explore the patterns of political influence over FDI using a comprehensive firm-level data set on Chinese outward FDI from 2000 to 2013. Using six country-level measures of affinity for China, we find that state-owned and globally diversified firms appear to conform most closely to official guidance. Official investment directives and state visits link investments to state policies; Taiwan recognition and Dalai Lama meetings anchor our political interpretations; and UN General Assembly voting and temporary UN Security Council membership suggest that this intervention may be systematic. The results are robust to country, year, and sector fixed effects, and most do not hold for private or small firms. The results suggest that China uses FDI by prominent state-owned enterprises as an instrument to promote its foreign policy.
Buying the Vote? The Economics of Electoral Politics and Small-Business Loans
Authors: Duchin Ran , Hackney John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe study the relation between electoral politics and government small-business lending, employment, and business formation. We construct novel measures of electoral importance capturing swing and base voters using data from Facebook ad spending, independent political expenditures, the Cook Political Report, and campaign contributions. We find that businesses in electorally important states, districts, and sectors receive more loans following the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, controlling for funding demand and both health and economic conditions. Estimates from survey and observational data show that electoral politics and the allocation of government funds affect employment, small-business activity, and business applications.
The interactive association of adverse childhood experiences and polygenic susceptibility with depressive symptoms and chronic inflammation in older adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Iob Eleonora , Ajnakina Olesya , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and genetic liability are important risk factors for depression and inflammation. However, little is known about the gene−environment (G × E) mechanisms underlying their aetiology. For the first time, we tested the independent and interactive associations of ACEs and polygenic scores of major depressive disorder (MDD-PGS) and C-reactive protein (CRP-PGS) with longitudinal trajectories of depression and chronic inflammation in older adults.MethodsData were drawn from the English longitudinal study of ageing (N~3400). Retrospective information on ACEs was collected in wave3 (2006/07). We calculated a cumulative risk score of ACEs and also assessed distinct dimensions separately. Depressive symptoms were ascertained on eight occasions, from wave1 (2002/03) to wave8 (2016/17). CRP was measured in wave2 (2004/05), wave4 (2008/09), and wave6 (2012/13). The associations of the risk factors with group-based depressive-symptom trajectories and repeated exposure to high CRP (i.e. ⩾3 mg/L) were tested using multinomial and ordinal logistic regression.ResultsAll types of ACEs were independently associated with high depressive-symptom trajectories (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.30–1.60) and inflammation (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07–1.09). The risk of high depressive-symptom trajectories (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.28–1.70) and inflammation (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04) was also higher for participants with higher MDD-PGS. G×E analyses revealed that the associations between ACEs and depressive symptoms were larger among participants with higher MDD-PGS (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.23). ACEs were also more strongly related to inflammation in participants with higher CRP-PGS (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03).ConclusionsACEs and polygenic susceptibility were independently and interactively associated with elevated depressive symptoms and chronic inflammation, highlighting the clinical importance of assessing both ACEs and genetic risk factors to design more targeted interventions.
VISUAL CUES AND RATER PERCEPTIONS OF SECOND LANGUAGE COMPREHENSIBILITY, ACCENTEDNESS, AND FLUENCY
Authors: Tsunemoto Aki , Lindberg Rachael , Trofimovich Pavel , McDonough Kim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examined the role of visual cues (facial expressions and hand gestures) in second language (L2) speech assessment. University students (N = 60) at English-medium universities assessed 2-minute video clips of 20 L2 English speakers (10 Chinese and 10 Spanish speakers) narrating a personal story. They rated the speakers’ comprehensibility, accentedness, and fluency using 1,000-point sliding scales. To manipulate access to visual cues, the raters were assigned to three conditions that presented audio along with (a) the speaker’s static image, (b) a static image of a speaker’s torso with dynamic face, or (c) dynamic torso and face. Results showed that raters with access to the full video tended to perceive the speaker as more comprehensible and significantly less accented compared to those who had access to less visually informative conditions. The findings are discussed in terms of how the integration of visual cues may impact L2 speech assessment.
A positive proportion of locally soluble quartic Thue equations are globally insoluble
Authors: AKHTARI SHABNAM 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor any fixed nonzero integer h, we show that a positive proportion of integral binary quartic forms F do locally everywhere represent h, but do not globally represent h. We order classes of integral binary quartic forms by the two generators of their ring of
${\rm GL}_{2}({\mathbb Z})$
-invariants, classically denoted by I and J.
A Data‐Driven Global Soil Heterotrophic Respiration Dataset and the Drivers of Its Inter‐Annual Variability
Authors: Yao Yitong , Ciais Philippe , Viovy Nicolas , Li Wei , Cresto‐Aleina Fabio , Yang Hui , Joetzjer Emilie , Bond‐Lamberty Ben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoil heterotrophic respiration (SHR) is important for carbon‐climate feedbacks because of its sensitivity to soil carbon, climatic conditions and nutrient availability. However, available global SHR estimates have either a coarse spatial resolution or rely on simple upscaling formulations. To better quantify the global distribution of SHR and its response to climate variability, we produced a new global SHR data set using Random Forest, up‐scaling 455 point data from the Global Soil Respiration Database (SRDB 4.0) with gridded fields of climatic, edaphic and productivity. We estimated a global total SHR of Pg C yr−1 over 1985–2013 with a significant increasing trend of 0.03 Pg C yr−2. Among the inputs to generate SHR products, the choice of soil moisture datasets contributes more to the difference among SHR ensemble. Water availability dominates SHR inter‐annual variability (IAV) at the global scale; more precisely, temperature strongly controls the SHR IAV in tropical forests, while water availability dominates in extra‐tropical forest and semi‐arid regions. Our machine‐learning SHR ensemble of data‐driven gridded estimates and outputs from process‐based models (TRENDYv6) shows agreement for a strong association between water variability and SHR IAV at the global scale, but ensemble members exhibit different ecosystem‐level SHR IAV controllers. The important role of water availability in driving SHR suggests both a direct effect limiting decomposition and an indirect effect on litter available from productivity. Considering potential uncertainties remaining in our data‐driven SHR datasets, we call for more scientifically designed SHR observation network and deep‐learning methods making maximum use of observation data.
New Constraints on Isotopic Effects and Major Sources of Nitrate in Atmospheric Particulates by Combining δ15N and Δ17O Signatures
Authors: Song Wei , Liu Xue‐Yan , Liu Cong‐Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractParticulate nitrate () is a key component of atmospheric nitrogen (N) pollution and deposition. Stable N isotopes of can record sources of atmospheric N oxides (NOx). However, because N isotope effects between NOx and have not been constrained, the apportionment of atmospheric NOx sources remains not quantitative. By collating observation data of dual 15N and 17O isotopes and environmental parameters, we calculated values and established a new relationship to constrain values based on the 17O anomaly of . By considering values and using the Stable Isotope Analysis in the R model, we reevaluated the relative contributions between major fossil and non‐fossil fuel NOx emissions, and we found that the latter had generally higher contributions (56% ± 5%) than the former (44% ± 3%) among different sites. This study improves the isotope tracing technique of atmospheric and informs that non‐fossil fuel NOx emissions should be underscored in future emission management.
Statistical Characteristics of Substorms With Different Intensity
Authors: Fu Haobo , Yue Chao , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Fu Suiyan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeomagnetic substorm is one of the essential solar wind‐magnetosphere energy coupling processes. In this study, we present a statistical analysis of substorms with different intensities that occurred from 1982 to 2012. We investigated the substorm occurrence rate, the time evolution of solar wind and geomagnetic parameters, as well as the SME, SMU and, SML indices during these substorms by using OMNI and SuperMag networks data sets. We find that substorms more frequently occur during solar declining phases and in spring and autumn due to the Russel‐McPherron effect. The superposed SME index shows a double‐peak near midnight and dusk during intense substorms, standing for comparable eastward and westward electrojets. We suggest that there is an additional current wedge during intense substorms located near the dusk. During the substorm expansion phase, eastward and westward electrojets are expanding against their current direction. The results presented in this study provide a comprehensive view of substorm characteristics with different intensities and may facilitate the understanding of the development of auroral electrojets in the ionosphere, even the current system in the magnetosphere.
Hybrid laser precision engineering of transparent hard materials: challenges, solutions and applications
Authors: Liu Huagang , Lin Wenxiong , Hong Minghui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLaser has been demonstrated to be a mature and versatile tool that presents great flexibility and applicability for the precision engineering of a wide range of materials over other established micromachining techniques. Past decades have witnessed its rapid development and extensive applications ranging from scientific researches to industrial manufacturing. Transparent hard materials remain several major technical challenges for conventional laser processing techniques due to their high hardness, great brittleness, and low optical absorption. A variety of hybrid laser processing technologies, such as laser-induced plasma-assisted ablation, laser-induced backside wet etching, and etching assisted laser micromachining, have been developed to overcome these barriers by introducing additional medium assistance or combining different process steps. This article reviews the basic principles and characteristics of these hybrid technologies. How these technologies are used to precisely process transparent hard materials and their recent advancements are introduced. These hybrid technologies show remarkable benefits in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and quality for the fabrication of microstructures and functional devices on the surface of or inside the transparent hard substrates, thus enabling widespread applications in the fields of microelectronics, bio-medicine, photonics, and microfluidics. A summary and outlook of the hybrid laser technologies are also highlighted.
Proteasome inhibition triggers the formation of TRAIL receptor 2 platforms for caspase-8 activation that accumulate in the cytosol
Authors: Hellwig Christian T. , Delgado M. Eugenia , Skoko Josip , Dyck Lydia , Hanna Carol , Wentges Alexa , Langlais Claudia , Hagenlocher Cathrin , Mack Alexandra , Dinsdale David , Cain Kelvin , MacFarlane Marion , Rehm Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCancer cells that are resistant to Bax/Bak-dependent intrinsic apoptosis can be eliminated by proteasome inhibition. Here, we show that proteasome inhibition induces the formation of high molecular weight platforms in the cytosol that serve to activate caspase-8. The activation complexes contain Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). Furthermore, the complexes contain TRAIL-receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) but not TRAIL-receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1). While RIPK1 inhibition or depletion did not affect proteasome inhibitor-induced cell death, TRAIL-R2 was found essential for efficient caspase-8 activation, since the loss of TRAIL-R2 expression abrogated caspase processing, significantly reduced cell death, and promoted cell re-growth after drug washout. Overall, our study provides novel insight into the mechanisms by which proteasome inhibition eliminates otherwise apoptosis-resistant cells, and highlights the crucial role of a ligand-independent but TRAIL-R2-dependent activation mechanism for caspase-8 in this scenario.