bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity Evaluation of Long-Term Topical Application of Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 Eye Drops on Macaca Fascicularis
Authors: Li Le , Li Lijia , Chen Qi , Yang Xuanxin , Hui Qi , AL-Azzani Hamdi , Huang Yadong , Cai Jianqiu , Wang Xiaojie , Jin Zi 
Published: September 2021

Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor-2 (rhKGF-2), an effective agent for the regeneration of epithelial tissue, was found to have great potential for use in treatments of corneal diseases that involve corneal epithelial defects. Furthermore, the safety of long-term and high-dose external use of KGF-2 eye drops in rabbits has been well established previously. The aim of this study is to determine the safe dose range and target organs for toxicity of rhKGF-2 eye drops in Macaca fascicularis (M. fascicularis). The M. fascicularis animals were administered with different doses of rhKGF-2 eye drops (125, 500, and 2000 μg/ml) for four consecutive weeks, followed by a 2 week recovery period. No significant differences in weight, electrocardiogram characteristics, blood and urine indexes, pathology, and bone marrow cells were detected among the animals in different groups. The corneas of some animals in the middle- and high-dose groups showed fluorescence when stained with sodium fluorescein, and then the staining disappeared on days 28 and 42. Anti-rhKGF-2 antibodies were detected in a small number of animals in the high-dose group, and their level decreased after rhKGF-2 withdrawal. No neutralizing antibodies were detected. The result demonstrated that there was no obvious adverse reaction when topical application of rhKGF-2 eye drops at the dosage of 125 or 500 μg/ml on the M. fascicularis. This study is of great significance for the future clinical transformation of rhKGF-2 eye drops.
Depression, Nutrition, and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Men Who Have Sex With Men in Manila, Philippines
Authors: Elsayed Hend , O'Connor Cara , Leyritana Katerina , Salvana Edsel , Cox Sharon E. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Depression is the most frequently observed psychiatric disorder among HIV patients. The effect of depression on adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) HIV patients has not been well studied in the Philippines. Depression is commonly undiagnosed and consequently untreated, which leads to a negative influence on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Other risk factors such as HIV-related stigma, self-body image satisfaction, and nutritional status are recognized as potential barriers to access HIV prevention and treatment services issues and poor adherence.Methods: Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to screen depressive symptoms during scheduled clinic visits. ART adherence was self-reported using a visual analog scale questionnaire covering the last 30 days. Structured questionnaires were used for measuring risk factors and socio-demographic data. Anthropometry was conducted and body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis.Results: One-hundred and ninety-three participants were recruited from the SHIP clinic between 7th March and 30th September 2018, of whom, 42 (21.8%) screened positive for depression (HADS score ≥ 8) and 24 (12.4%) were non-adherent to ART (&lt;95% of medication taken as prescribed). The most common reported reason for non-adherence was simply forgotten (18 out of 42, 42.9%). Increasing depressive symptoms were associated with non-adherence [crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26]. Social family support (SFS) and body image (BI) scores were also associated with non-adherence, but were not statistically significant in multivariable models. Factors significantly associated with depressive symptoms (but not non-adherence) included the following: using intravenous drugs, being in a relationship, anxiety, self-esteem, and stigma scores.Conclusions: Increased depression symptoms, low social family support, and body image dissatisfaction may be interconnected risk factors for ART non-adherence among Filipino MSM HIV patients. Comprehensive mental health services beyond regular post-HIV testing counseling may increase adherence to ART and improve HIV treatment outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to address the causal/reverse causal pathway between depression and non-adherence.
A Protocol for a Comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation Framework With a Compendium of Tools to Assess Quality of Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) Implementation Using Mixed Methods, Developmental Evaluation Design
Authors: Ghosh Smita , Roth Brenna M. , Massawe Irene , Mtete Emmanuel , Lusekelo Jacob , Pinsker Eve , Seweryn Steven , Moonan Patrick K. , Struminger Bruce B. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), through U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), supports a third of all people receiving HIV care globally. CDC works with local partners to improve methods to find, treat, and prevent HIV and tuberculosis. However, a shortage of trained medical professionals has impeded efforts to control the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHOTM) model expands capacity to manage complex diseases, share knowledge, disseminate best practices, and build communities of practice. This manuscript describes a practical protocol for an evaluation framework and toolkit to assess ECHO implementation.Methods and Analysis: This mixed methods, developmental evaluation design uses an appreciative inquiry approach, and includes a survey, focus group discussion, semi-structured key informant interviews, and readiness assessments. In addition, ECHO session content will be objectively reviewed for accuracy, content validity, delivery, appropriateness, and consistency with current guidelines. Finally, we offer a mechanism to triangulate data sources to assess acceptability and feasibility of the evaluation framework and compendium of monitoring and evaluation tools.Expected impact of the study on public health: This protocol offers a unique approach to engage diverse group of stakeholders using an appreciative inquiry process to co-create a comprehensive evaluation framework and a compendium of assessment tools. This evaluation framework utilizes mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative data collection tools), was pilot tested in Tanzania, and has the potential for contextualized use in other countries who plan to evaluate their Project ECHO implementation.
The Effect of Emotional Labor on Presenteeism of Chinese Nurses in Tertiary-Level Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Job Burnout
Authors: Song Jia , Liu Fang , Li Xiaowei , Qu Zhan , Zhang Rongqiang , Yao Jie 
Published: September 2021

Background: Employees who are physically present but work insufficiently because of illness are deemed as having presenteeism. In the health care setting, the issue has taken on greater importance because of the impairment of the physical and mental health of nurses and the nursing safety of the patients. According to the Job Demand-Resource Model, burnout may link emotional labor with presenteeism. Thus, this study analyzed the role of burnout as a mediating factor between the three types of emotional labor strategies and presenteeism among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,038 nurses from six Chinese hospitals was conducted. The questionnaires, including the 14-item emotional labor strategies scale, 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, 6-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale, and items about demographic characteristics and work-related factors, were used to collect data. A multivariable linear regression was used to predict work-related factors and investigate the correlation of emotional labor, burnout, and presenteeism. The structural equation model was implemented to test the mediating effects of job burnout.Results: The results of the study showed that the average presenteeism score of the participants was 14.18 (4.33), which is higher than in Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian nurses. Presenteeism was explained by 22.8% of the variance in the final model in multivariable linear regression (P &lt; 0.01). Presenteeism was found to be positively correlated with surface acting, emotionally expressed demands, deep acting, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment (P &lt; 0.01). Notably, presenteeism was negatively correlated with deep acting (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, burnout partially mediated the correlation between emotionally expressed demands, deep acting, and presenteeism with a mediatory effect of 24 and 63.31% of the total effect. Burnout completely mediated the association between surface acting and presenteeism, a mediating effect of 86.44% of the total effect.Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that different emotional labor strategies affect presenteeism, either directly or indirectly. Nursing managers should intervene to reduce presenteeism by improving the ability of the nurses to manage emotions, thereby alleviating burnout.
CONTROL DE CONVENCIONALIDAD EN LOS JUICIOS DE DIVORCIO NECESARIO DEL ESTADO DE TABASCO.
Authors: Hernández-Jiménez Jesús Manuel 
Published: September 2021

En el presente artículo se analiza la problemática del artículo 272 del Código Civil en el Estado de Tabasco, en razón que el mismo señala ciertas hipótesis o causales, las cuales se tiene que acreditar o justificar para que proceda el juicio de divorcio necesario en el Estado, a la luz que diversos tratados internacionales de la cual es parte nuestro país, señalan que toda persona tiene derecho a la libertad, así como al reconocimiento de su personalidad jurídica, por consiguiente existe la obligación a las autoridades judiciales de realizar el control de convencional, y en la cual los jueces locales no se encuentran facultados expresamente para determinar la inconstitucionalidad de una norma y por ende para hacer una declaración general sobre la invalidez de aquellas normas que consideren contrarias a los derechos humanos contenidos en la constitución y los tratados internacionales como sucede en la vía de control directa establecidas expresamente en los artículos 103, 107 y 105 de la Constitución. De ahí la importancia del control de convencional en los jueces locales en el juicio de divorcio necesario.
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AUTOMATION PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Батукаева А. Р. , Вагапова М. В. 
Published: September 2021

В статье раскрыто понятие финансового анализа. Обоснована значимость автоматизации анализа финансовой устойчивости предприятий. Выявлены основные пользователи анализа финансовой устойчивости организации. В данной работе имеет место описание программных продуктов для осуществления финансового анализа, проведен сравнительный анализ программ, посредством которого выявлены основные базовые возможности, предоставляемые продуктами для автоматизации анализа финансовой устойчивости, и их особенности. Также в процессе работы был разработан сайт, предназначенный для автоматизированного расчета анализа финансового состояния предприятий (в данной статье имеется краткий обзор сайта). В результате разработки в качестве примера проведен анализ финансового состояния предприятия ОАО «Грознефтегаз». Программа присвоила предприятию 3 класс финансовой устойчивости, что говорит о том, что предприятие имеет удовлетворительное финансовое состояние и риск взаимоотношений контрагентов с ней значителен. Данный результат позволит судить о необходимости практического пользования представленным сайтом.
The article reveals the concept of financial analysis. The importance of automating the analysis of the financial stability of enterprises is substantiated. The main users of the analysis of the financial stability of the organization are identified. In this paper, there is a description of software products for financial analysis, a comparative analysis of programs is carried out, through which the main basic capabilities provided by products for automating the analysis of financial stability and their features are identified. Also in the process of work, a website was developed designed for automated calculation of the analysis of the financial condition of enterprises (this article has a brief overview of the site). As a result of the development, as an example, an analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise of JSC “Grozneftegaz” was carried out. The program assigned the company a class 3 financial stability, which indicates that the company has a satisfactory financial condition and the risk of counterparty relationships with it is significant. This result will allow us to judge the need for practical use of the presented site.
Envy at Workplace: Examining its Sequential Effect on Cyberbullying, Organizational Politics and Job Satisfaction in University Teachers in Pakistan
Authors: Malik Sania Zahra , Malhi Jahanzaib Ismat 
Published: September 2021

Academic jealousy and politics is a well-known concept. Similarly, envy is a common human behaviour, however, research on these concepts, particularly on envy and its types has remained limited until recently. Envy can trigger harmful behaviours, such as workplace bullying and escalate political activity, especially when the envious intends to damage the envied. This study analyses the effect of malicious envy on job satisfaction with mediation of cyber bullying and organizational politics. A survey study of 359 questionnaires filled by university teachers in Pakistan was conducted. Analysis was conducted using structural equations modelling through Smart-PLS. Construct validity and discriminant validity were established for all constructs. Mediation was analysed through process approach specified by Preacher and Hayes (2006). Findings revealed that malicious envy positively influenced cyberbullying behaviour and increased organizational politics. Results also demonstrated that malicious envy at workplace does not affect job satisfaction when observed independently, however when the mediators of cyberbullying and organizational politics are involved, the relationship between malicious envy and job satisfaction becomes positive. It means that persons having malicious envy feelings towards their colleagues felt satisfied by engaging in bullying and politicizing activities.
Keywords: Malicious envy, Cyber bullying, Organizational politics, Job satisfaction
ICT Professional Development Workshops and Classroom Implementation Challenges: Perceptions of Secondary School Teachers in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Warner Steve , Malik Muhammed , Mohammed Joanne 
Published: September 2021

The Ministry of Education (MoE) of The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago has recently embarked on another teacher training program to equip secondary school teachers with the necessary competencies for ICT infusion in their physical classrooms. This study aims to investigate the impact and usefulness of that program, and challenges that the teachers have been facing in its implementation. Thirteen interviews (eight one-on-one and five focused group) were conducted from forty trained teachers. The findings showed that almost all the teachers were quite content and even ecstatic about the workshops and were willing to use the acquired knowledge and skills. Those who were able to use the knowledge and skills attained in the workshops reported improved students’ interest, classroom interaction, and academic performance. However, many expressed disappointments due to the multiple obstacles at their schools which prevented them from fully and effectively using the knowledge and skills from the workshops. They specifically reported insufficient number of computers, poor and inapt ICT environment and most importantly, unreliable internet access and connectivity. This study identifies three important elements in the successful implementation of any ICT in education program: willingness (mainly of administrators, teachers and students), training (especially for the teachers) and infrastructure (physical, hardware and software). Although, there was an overwhelming willingness from the teachers (even excitement) and adequate training, issues with infrastructure appear to be preventing the policy from yielding desired results. In order to ensure that the current policy brings the desired results, the MoE must not only provide effective professional development training for teachers, but also furnish schools with the necessary ICT resources and infrastructure. Only then, the MoE may revolutionize the education system through ICT.
Keywords: ICT in education, professional development, teacher training, 21st century skills, Trinidad
Efficacy of Preprocedural Boric Acid Mouthrinse in Reducing Viable Bacteria in Dental Aerosols Produced during Ultrasonic Scaling
Authors: Nisha Swet , Shivamallu Avinash Bettahalli , Gujjari Sheela Kumar , Shashikumar Pratibha , Ali Nada Musharraf , Kulkarni Madhuri 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:
Aerosols and droplets contaminated with bacteria and blood are produced during ultrasonic scaling. Measures to control aerosol contamination in dental clinics are recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of preprocedural boric acid (BA) mouthrinse in reducing bacterial contamination in dental aerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling.

Materials and Methods:
This was a randomised clinical trial in 90 systemically healthy subjects (25-55 yrs) diagnosed with chronic periodontitis who were allocated into three groups of 30 subjects each to receive, Group A - 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), Group B - 0.75% BA and Group C-water, as a preprocedural rinse for 1 min. The aerosol generated while performing ultrasonic scaling for 30 min was collected at three locations on blood agar plates. Incubation of the blood agar plates at 37°C for next 48 h for aerobic culture was performed and subsequently colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted.

Results:
CFUs in Group A were significantly reduced compared with Group B (P < 0.001). When we compare CFUs in all the three groups, CFUs in Groups A and B were statistically significantly reduced compared with Group C (P < 0.001). Furthermore, it was also observed that the assistant's chest area had lowest CFUs whereas patient's chest area had highest.

Conclusion:
This study recommends routine use of preprocedural mouthrinse as a measure to reduce bacterial aerosols generated during ultrasonic scaling and that 0.12% CHX gluconate is more effective than 0.75% BA mouthwash in reducing CFUs count.
Microscopic Assessment of Dentinal Defects Induced by ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Hyflex Electric Discharge Machining Rotary File Systems – An in vitro Study
Authors: Devi Takhellambam Premlata , Kaur Amandeep , Priyadarshini Shamurailatpam , Deepak B. S. , Banerjee Sumita , Sanjeeta Ng 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Biomechanical preparation of root canal can damage root dentin leading to the formation of dentinal cracks which can eventually lead to fracture and failure of the treatment.

Aim:
The aim was to investigate the incidence of dentinal defects in root canals prepared with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Hyflex electric discharge machining (EDM) rotary file systems using handheld USB digital microscope.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and fifty extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single canal were randomly divided into five groups (n = 30). Group 1: unprepared (negative control). Group 2: canal preparation done with nickel–titanium hand files (positive control), Group 3: canals prepared with ProTaper Universal rotary system, Group 4: canal preparation done with ProTaper Gold rotary system, and Group 5: canals prepared with Hyflex EDM rotary system. The specimens were sliced at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex with a slow-speed saw under water cooling. Digital images of each section were captured at ×40 magnification with the aid of a microscope. Two independent evaluators assessed the images for the presence of dentinal defects. The number of dentinal defects was recorded and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05).

Results:
The number of specimens presenting dentinal defects was as follows: Group 3; ProTaper Universal – 9/30 (30.0%), Group 4; ProTaper Gold – 2/30 (6.7%), and Group 5; Hyflex EDM – 1/30 (3.3%). No defects were detected in the negative and positive control groups (Group 1 and Group 2).

Conclusion:
ProTaper Universal showed the highest percentage of defects in comparison to ProTaper Gold and Hyflex EDM.
Contesting History
Authors: Black Jeremy 
Published: September 2021

Contesting History is an authoritative guide to the positive and negative applications of the past in the public arena and what this signifies for the meaning of history more widely. Using a global, non-Western model, Jeremy Black examines the employment of history by the state, the media, the national collective memory and others and considers its fundamental significance in how we understand the past.
Moving from public life pre-1400 to the struggle of ideologies in the 20th century and contemporary efforts to find meaning in historical narratives, Jeremy Black incorporates a great deal of original material on governmental, social and commercial influences on the public use of history. This includes a host of in-depth case studies from different periods of history around the world, and coverage of public history in a wider range of media, including TV and film. Readers are guided through this material by an expansive introduction, section headings, chapter conclusions and a selected further reading list. Written with eminent clarity and breadth of knowledge, Contesting History is a key text for all students of public history and anyone keen to know more about the nature of history as a discipline and concept.
Debating the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Stearns Peter N. , Stearns Peter N. , Censer Jack R. 
Published: September 2021

The industrial revolution was and is a huge development and one of the fundamental changes in human experience in the modern world. In Debating the Industrial Revolution, Peter N. Stearns, a leading expert in world history, presents the major contours of the ongoing debates over industrialization in history. He explores the central historical discussion over what caused such a momentous change, demonstrating how interpretations have developed over time and encouraging students to critically engage with historical practice.
Trying to understand why industrialization happened, and why it continues to happen, continues to organize considerable analytical energy. This book will be the ideal primer for students wanting to understand the key debates, and get a sense of how they might develop in the future.