bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz Water Masers. II. Further SOFIA/GREAT Detections Toward Circumstellar Outflows, and a Multitransition Analysis*
Authors: Neufeld David A. , Menten Karl M. , Durán Carlos , Güsten Rolf , Kaufman Michael J. , Kraus Alex , Mazumdar Parichay , Melnick Gary J. , Ortiz-León Gisela N. , Wiesemeyer Helmut , Wyrowski Friedrich 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Following up on our discovery of terahertz water masers, reported in 2017, we report two further detections of water maser emission at frequencies above 1 THz. Using the GREAT instrument on SOFIA, we have detected emission in the 1.296411 THz 827 − 734 transition of water toward two additional oxygen-rich evolved stars, omicron Ceti (Mira) and R Crateris, and obtained an upper limit on the 1.296 THz line emission from U Orionis. Toward these three sources, and toward the red supergiant star VY Canis Majorae from which 1.296 THz line emission was reported previously, we have also observed several lower-frequency (sub)millimeter water maser transitions using the APEX 12 m telescope along with the 22 GHz transition using the Effelsberg 100 m telescope. We have used a simple model to analyze the multitransition data thereby obtained. Adopting, as a prior, independent literature estimates of the mass-loss rates in these four sources and in W Hydrae, we infer water abundances in a remarkably narrow range: n(H2O)/n(H2) = 1.4–2.5 × 10−4. For o Cet, VY CMa, and W Hya, the model is successful in predicting the maser line fluxes to within a typical factor ∼1.6–3. For R Crt and U Ori, the model is less successful, with typical line flux predictions lying an order of magnitude above or below the observations; such discrepancies are perhaps unsurprising given the exponential nature of maser amplification.
Kernel Phase and Coronagraphy with Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Pope Benjamin J. S. , Pueyo Laurent , Xin Yinzi , Tuthill Peter G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The accumulation of aberrations along the optical path in a telescope produces distortions and speckles in the resulting images, limiting the performance of cameras at high angular resolution. It is important to achieve the highest possible sensitivity to faint sources, using both hardware and data analysis software. While analytic methods are efficient, real systems are better modeled numerically, but numerical models of complicated optical systems with many parameters can be hard to understand, optimize, and apply. Automatic differentiation or “backpropagation” software developed for machine-learning applications now makes calculating derivatives with respect to aberrations in arbitrary planes straightforward for any optical system. We apply this powerful new tool to the problem of high-angular-resolution astronomical imaging. Self-calibrating observables such as the “closure phase” or “bispectrum” have been widely used in optical and radio astronomy to mitigate optical aberrations and achieve high-fidelity imagery. Kernel phases are a generalization of closure phases valid in the limit of small phase errors. Using automatic differentiation, we reproduce existing kernel phase theory within this framework and demonstrate an extension to the case of a Lyot coronagraph, which is found to have self-calibrating combinations of speckles. which are resistant to phase noise, but only in the very high-wave-front-quality regime. As an illustrative example, we reanalyze Palomar adaptive optics observations of the binary α Ophiuchi, finding consistency between the new pipeline and the existing standard. We present a new Python package morphine that incorporates these ideas, with an interface similar to the popular package poppy, for optical simulation with automatic differentiation. These methods may be useful for designing improved astronomical optical systems by gradient descent.
On the Connection between Solar Surface Magnetic Flux and the Total Solar Irradiance
Authors: Shukure N. T. , Tessema S. B , Gopalswamy N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Solar surface magnetic flux evolution plays a dominant role in the variability of total solar irradiance (TSI). Different proxies of magnetic activity have been introduced to correlate solar variability and TSI. We present the daily strong flux densities (SFDs) and weak flux densities (WFDs) defined with three magnetic thresholds calculated from the Solar Dynamic Observatory/Helioseismic Magnetic Imager. TSI measurements are from the radiometers of the Variability of Solar Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations experiment on the Solar and Heliosphere Observatory, and sunspot area (SSA) is from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We characterize the influence of the magnetic flux density variation on the TSI using the Pearson, Spearman, and percentage bend correlations and wavelet analysis between the TSI and the flux density. The Pearson’s correlation shows that the TSI is negatively and strongly correlated with SFD and moderately with SSA; Spearman and 20% bend correlation shows that the TSI is moderately correlated with SFD and weakly with SSA on solar maximum, but weakly correlated on solar minimum. However, the TSI is not correlated with WFD during solar maximum and minimum. The bootstrapping tests also confirm that the influence of SFD on TSI is more significant than that of SSA. Finally, a wavelet analysis supports the idea that the SFD and TSI have a causality linkage and that the SFD dominantly influences the TSI variability on the rotational timescale.
Variation of Dust Properties with Cosmic Time Implied by Radiative Torque Disruption
Authors: Hoang Thiem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dust properties within a galaxy are known to change from the diffuse medium to dense clouds due to increased local gas density. However, the question of whether dust properties change with redshift remains elusive. In this paper, using the fact that the mean radiation intensity of the interstellar medium (ISM) of star-forming galaxies increases with redshift, we show that dust properties should change due to increasing efficiency of rotational disruption by radiative torques, an effect named radiative torque disruption (RATD). We first show that because of RATD, the size distribution of interstellar dust varies with redshift, for instance, dust grains become smaller at higher z. We model the extinction curves and find that the curve becomes steeper with increasing redshift. The ratio of total-to-selective extinction, R

V
, decreases with redshift and achieves low values of R

V
∼ 1.5–2.5 for grains having a composite structure. We also find that dust properties change with the local gas density because of RATD, but the change is dominated by the radiation field for the diffuse ISM. The low values of R

V
implied by RATD of interstellar dust could reproduce anomalous dust extinction observed toward supernovae Ia and Small Magellanic Cloud-like extinction curves with a steep far-UV rise toward high-z galaxies. Fluctuations in R

V
due to interstellar turbulence and varying radiation intensity may resolve the tension in measurements of the Hubble constant using supernovae Ia. We finally discuss the implications of evolving dust properties for high-z astrophysics.
Strongly Lensed Supernova Refsdal: Refining Time Delays Based on the Supernova Explosion Models
Authors: Baklanov Petr , Lyskova Natalia , Blinnikov Sergei , Nomoto Ken’ichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We explore the properties of supernova (SN) “Refsdal”—the first discovered gravitationally lensed SN with multiple images. A large magnification provided by the galactic-scale lens, augmented by the cluster lens, gave us a unique opportunity to perform a detailed modeling of a distant SN at

. We present results of radiation hydrodynamics modeling of SN Refsdal. According to our calculations, the SN Refsdal progenitor is likely to be a more massive and energetic version of SN 1987A, i.e., a blue supergiant star with the following parameters: the progenitor radius

, the total mass

, the radioactive 56Ni mass

, and the total energy release

erg. Reconstruction of SN light curves allowed us to obtain time delays and magnifications for the images S2–S4 relative to S1 with higher accuracy than previous template-based estimates of Rodney et al. (2016). The measured time delays are

days,

days, and

days. The obtained magnification ratios are

,

, and

. We estimate the Hubble constant

km s−1 Mpc−1 via rescaling the time delays predicted by different lens models to match the values obtained in this work. With more photometric data on the fifth image SX, we will be able to further refine the time delay and magnification estimates for SX and obtain competitive constraints on H
0.
Trust-Aware Routing Framework for Internet of Things
Authors: Sankar S. , Somula Ramasubbareddy , Kumar R. Lakshmana , Srinivasan P. , Jayanthi M. Amala 
Published: January 2021

Establishing security in internet of things (IoT) is a critical challenge, as it is connected to the network's extremely resource-constrained devices. The RPL is a standard routing protocol for IoT. It is well-suited for low power and lossy networks (LLN). The RPL provides little security in the IoT network against various attacks. However, one needs to strengthen the security concern in RPL. So, this paper proposes a trust-aware, energy-based reliable routing (TAER-RPL) for IoT to enhance security among network nodes. The TAER-RPL is taken into account the routing metrics, namely trust, ETX, RER to pick the optimal parent for data transmission. The simulation is conducted in COOJA simulator. TAER-RPL's efficiency is compared with SecTrust-RPL and RPL. The TAER-RPL increases the lifespan of the network by 15%.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses in Children
Authors: Kamate Mahesh , Reddy Narendranadha , Detroja Mayank , Hattiholi Virupaxi 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) constitute a group of gray matter neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of ceroid lipopigment in lysosomes in neurons and other cell types. There are very few published studies on NCL from India, especially in children.

Methods:
A retrospective study of confirmed patients of NCL diagnosed over a period of 10 years from January 2019 to December 2019.

Results:
Fifty children had a definitive diagnosis of NCL based on enzymatic studies or genetic testing using next-generation sequencing. Around 15 children were diagnosed to have CLN-1 (ceroid lipofuscinoses, neuronal-1) based on palmitoyl protein thioesterase-1 deficiency; 24 children were diagnosed with CLN2 (ceroid lipofuscinoses, neuronal-2) based on deficient tripeptidyl-peptidase-1 activity; three patients were diagnosed as CLN6, five patients as CLN7, one case each of CLN8, CLN11, and CLN14 based on genetic testing. Clinical presentation was quite varied and included refractory seizures, developmental delay/regression, and abnormal movements. Visual failure was not common in the present case series. Neuroimaging patterns in different types of NCL were different. All children had a progressive downhill course resulting in death in many over a period of 5–10 years of disease onset.

Conclusion:
NCL is not uncommon and diagnosis can be suspected based on clinical investigations and neuroimaging findings. Diagnosis can be confirmed by enzymatic assays or genetic testing.
Role of Vitamin D in Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Kaul Subhash , Manikinda Jayasree 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Vitamin D deficiency is now a well-recognized public health problem affecting almost every second person throughout the world. Recent evidence from many population-based studies has indicated that a poor vitamin D status is a predictor of future strokes.

Materials and Methods:
We reviewed recent studies on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and symptomatic ischemic stroke. A graded increase in the risk of symptomatic ischemic stroke with decreasing levels of plasma 25(OH)D has been found in most of the studies. Vitamin D also has a role in the poststroke period where its deficiency may hinder the rehabilitation process.

Conclusions:
After reviewing current literature on the subject, we conclude that there are some data to suggest the role of vitamin D in patients with stroke but it cannot be concluded as a risk factor for stroke. Larger population-based studies are needed to confirm the causative role of vitamin D in stroke.
Sustainable soil management for improving sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in West Africa, Burkina Faso
Authors: Sawadogo Jacques , Coulibaly Pane Jeanne d’Arc , Valea Wendpouiré Carine , Legma Jean Boukari 
Published: January 2021

Improved sorghum management practice can provide smallholder farmers with stability in their household nutritional needs and ensure food security. This study was therefore conducted to compare the effect of the single of two organic resources and their combined use with inorganic fertilizer (IN) on soil fertility and sorghum production. It was conducted in the Northern part of Burkina Faso. The treatments consisted of two levels of IN (the normal and the half dose of NPK + urea) and two types of organic resources (simple compost SC and Piliostigma reticulatum leaves compost CP). These treatments were combined to give 6 treatments: T1: control ; T2 : SC ; T3 : CP; T4 : SC + ½ dose of IN ; T5 : CP + ½ dose of IN ; T6 : normal dose of IN. The experiment was led using a randomized complete block design in three replications. The result revealed a greater improvement of soil pH and nutrients induced by CP used alone. However, when combined with IN, it decreased significantly soil nutrients and sorghum yield components and yield. Contrary, the SC in combination with IN gave the highest improvement in yield components and yield of sorghum. The use of IN alone increased sorghum yield components and yield but it contributed to decrease soil pH and nutrients content. A combined use of inorganic and organic fertilizers could be therefore recommended for maintaining soil fertility and for a sustainable production of sorghum.Keywords : Organic and inorganic resources, soil nutrients, sorghum yield.
Caractérisation structurale des peuplements naturels de Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC dans les concessions forestières du Sud-Ouest de la République Centrafricaine
Authors: Deguene Bruce , Touckia Gorgon Igor , Yongo Olga Diane , Loumeto Jean Joël 
Published: January 2021

L’objectif de cette étude est d’apporter des informations scientifiques nécessaires à la préservation et gestion durable de Khaya anthotheca dans le sud-ouest de la République Centrafricaine via l’amélioration des connaissances sur son écologie. Pour y parvenir, des inventaires forestiers ont été effectués dans les Permis d’Exploitation et d’Aménagement (PEA) des entreprises forestières CentraBois (PEA 192) et Timberland (PEA188). Pour toutes les caractéristiques dendrométriques calculées en fonction des concessions et des classes de diamètre, le PEA 188 de Timberland est largement dominant. La densité moyenne des individus adultes est de 0,10 pieds/ha sur le PEA 192 et de 12 pieds/ha sur le PEA 188 avec le même coefficient de variation (cv) de 112,7%. La surface terrière (m2/ha) varie de 0,86 sur le PEA 192 à 3,78 sur le PEA 188 avec des cv respectifs de 60,2% et 66,4%. La densité de régénération moyenne varie de 3,52 plants/ha sur le PEA 192 à 12,19 plants/ha sur le PEA 188. Les courbes dendrométriques sont exponentielles décroissantes dans les deux concessions. Des travaux de recherches sur la régénération artificielle de K. anthotheca sont importantes pour définir des mesures de préservation dans ces zones.Mots clés : Concessions forestières, inventaires, régénération, gestion durable.

English Title: Structural characterisation of natural populations of Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC in the forest concessions of South-West of Central African RepublicThe objective of this study is to provide scientific information necessary for the preservation and sustainable management of Khaya anthotheca in the south-west of the Central African Republic by improving knowledge of its ecology. To achieve this, forest inventories were carried out in the Logging and Management Permits (PEA) of the forestry companies CentraBois (PEA 192) and Timberland (PEA188). For all dendrometric characteristics calculated according to concessions and diameter classes, Timberland's PEA 188 is largely dominant. The average density of adult individuals is 0.10 tree/ha on PEA 192 and 12 tree/ha on PEA 188 with the same coefficient of variation (CV) of 112.7%. The basal area (m2/ha) varies from 0.86 on PEA 192 to 3.78 on PEA 188 with respective coefficient of variation of 60.2% and 66.4%. The average regeneration density varies from 3.52 plant/ha on the PEA 192 to 12.19 plant/ha on the PEA 188. The dendrometric curves are exponentially decreasing in both concessions. Research on artificial regeneration of K. anthotheca is important to define preservation measures in these areas.Keywords: Forest concessions, inventories, regeneration, sustainable management.
Evaluation des méthodes de piégeage des termites au nord du Burkina Faso
Authors: Dao Aïchatou Nadia Christelle , Nacambo Saidou , Sankara Fernand , Pousga Salimata , Coulibaly Kalifa , Nacoulma Jacques Philippe , Somda Irénée , Kenis Marc 
Published: January 2021

En Afrique de l’Ouest, les termites sont communément utilisés comme alimentation protéinique pour la volaille. Cette étude avait pour objectif de tester et d’améliorer une méthode traditionnelle de collecte des termites par piégeage avec un récipient renversé, au Nord du Burkina Faso. Des essais ont été menés avec deux genres de termites (Macrotermes et Odontotermes) afin d’évaluer l’effet des saisons, des substrats, des récipients et de l’exposition au soleil sur leur piégeage. Six substrats ont été utilisés avec trois types de récipients (en terre cuite, en fer et en plastique) pour collecter les termites. Les résultats ont montré que le canari en terre cuite est le meilleur récipient pour la collecte des termites. Les meilleurs substrats pour capturer les Macrotermes, ont été les substrats contenant des tiges de sorgho et, pour les Odontotermes, les substrats contenant la bouse de vache. L’exposition des pièges au soleil a eu un effet négatif significatif sur les Odontotermes, mais pas sur les Macrotermes. Ces résultats peuvent aider les aviculteurs à améliorer le piégeage des termites en utilisant le récipient et les substrats les plus adéquats et en protégeant leur piège du soleil.Mots clés : Termites, aliments pour volaille, Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Burkina Faso.

English Title: Evaluation of termite trapping methods in northern Burkina Faso
In West Africa, termites are commonly used as a protein feed for poultry. The objective of this study was to test and improve a traditional method of trapping termites with an overturned container in northern Burkina Faso. Trials have been conducted with two termite genera (Macrotermes and Odontotermes) to assess the effect of seasons, substrates, containers and sun exposure on their trapping. Six substrates were used with three types of containers (terracotta, iron and plastic) to collect termites. The results showed that the terracotta container is the best container for collecting termites. The best substrates for Macrotermes were the substrates containing sorghum stalks and, for Odontotermes, the substrates containing cow dung. Exposure of the traps to the sun had a significant negative effect on Odontotermes, but not on Macrotermes. These results can help poultry farmers improve termite trapping by using the most suitable container and substrates and protecting their trap from the sun.Keywords: Termites, poultry feed, Macrotermes, Odontotermes, Burkina Faso.
Effects of Combined Ethanol Extract of Anthocleista Vogelii and Alstonia Boonei Stem Barks on Liver Function Indices in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Induced
Authors: Chukwu C.N. , Uroko R.I. , Egba S.I. , Adamude F.A. , Asadu C.L. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of combined ethanol extract of Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei (CEAA) stem barks on the liver function indices of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-induced rats.Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into five groups (n = 6). BPH was induced subcutaneously with 5 mg/kg/day of testosterone propionate in olive oil. Groups 1-3 served as normal, BPH control (untreated) and standard drug control respectively, while Groups 4 and 5 were BPH-induced rats and treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg/day of the CEAA respectively after one hour of the BPH induction. After twenty-eight days of treatments, biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted using standard analytical procedures.Results: The acute toxicity result of CEAA indicated no mortality or adverse reactions. Significant body weight change was only observed in the first week from the group-administered 200 mg/kg/day of CEAA. Liver damage was evident in the BPH control characterized by significant (P<0.05) increase in relative liver weight and liver enzymes’ (AST, ALT, ALP) activities but a reduction in total protein and globulin levels. Treatment with CEAA attenuated the liver damage by significantly (P<0.05) reducing the elevated relative liver weight and liver enzyme function activities and elevated total protein and globulin levels.Conclusion: The revealed that the combined ethanol extract of Anthocleista vogelii and Alstonia boonei (CEAA) stem barks possess hepatoprotective effects that could improve liver integrity and functions in BPH induced rats.
Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, liver marker indices, Anthocleista vogelii, Alstonia boonei, liver histomorphology
Evaluation of polyherbal methionine and choline in feedlot rations for lambs
Authors: Bárcena-Gama J.R. , Martínez-Aispuro J.A. , Mendoza-Martínez G.D. , Cordero-Mora J.L. , Sánchez-Torres M.T. , Figueroa-Velasco J.L. , Ayala-Monter M.A. 
Published: January 2021

Requirements of lambs for choline and methionine have not been clearly established, but because of their metabolic relationship, the availability of these two nutrients may affect protein synthesis and energy balance. Therefore, a trial was carried out to evaluate the effect on productive performance and blood metabolites of including methionine and choline from polyherbal mixtures in finishing lamb diets. Forty Hampshire x Suffolk lambs weighing 26.9 ± 2.8 kg were used for a 45-day experiment. The treatments were arranged as a 2x2 factorial, in which the factors were dietary supplementation with herbal methionine and choline at two levels (0% and 0.4% of dry matter (DM)). The treatments had no effects on the lambs’ productive variables (daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed to gain ratio), carcass characteristics and lipid metabolites (P >0.05). The results indicated that the inclusion of polyherbal mixtures containing methionine, choline and their combination at 0.4% of DM in finishing lamb diets showed no benefits in productive response or in blood metabolites related to lipid metabolism.
Keywords: amino acid, lipid metabolites, productive performance, ruminally protected, vitamin