bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argininosuccinate synthase 1 suppresses tumor progression through activation of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Sanghwa , Lee Minji , Song Yeonhwa , Lee Su-Yeon , Choi Inhee , Park I-Seul , Kim Jiho , Kim Jin-sun , Kim Kang mo , Seo Haeng Ran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide, and liver cancer has increased in mortality due to liver cancer because it was detected at an advanced stages in patients with liver dysfunction, making HCC a lethal cancer. Accordingly, we aim to new targets for HCC drug discovery using HCC tumor spheroids.MethodsOur comparative proteomic analysis of HCC cells grown in culture as monolayers (2D) and spheroids (3D) revealed that argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) expression was higher in 3D cells than in 2D cells due to upregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. We investigated the clinical value of ASS1 in Korean patients with HCC. The mechanism underlying ASS1-mediated tumor suppression was investigated in HCC spheroids. ASS1-mediated improvement of chemotherapy efficiency was observed using high content screening in an HCC xenograft mouse model.ResultsStudies of tumor tissue from Korean HCC patients showed that, although ASS1 expression was low in most samples, high levels of ASS1 were associated with favorable overall survival of patients. Here, we found that bidirectional interactions between ASS1 ER stress responses in HCC-derived multicellular tumor spheroids can limit HCC progression. ASS1 overexpression effectively inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the efficacy of in vitro and in vivo anti-HCC combination chemotherapy via activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis, but was not dependent on the status of p53 and arginine metabolism.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the critical functional roles for the arginine metabolism–independent tumor suppressor activity of ASS1 in HCC and suggest that upregulating ASS1 in these tumors is a potential strategy in HCC cells with low ASS1 expression.
Evaluation of the relationship between NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) and optic nerve sheath diameter measurement in children with increased intracranial pressure: a pilot study
Authors: Arslan Didar , Yıldızdaş Dinçer , Horoz Özden Özgür , Aslan Nagehan , İncecik Faruk 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The increased intracranial pressure (ICP) syndrome may emerge depending on many different neurological factors and the early diagnosis and treatment are important for the prevention of neurologic damage and related mortality. In recent years, the follow-up of increased ICP with non-invasive methods has been rising. In this study, our objective was to determine the significance and any possible correlation between Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in children with increased ICP.

Methods
Patients who were hospitalized in our pediatric ICU at Çukurova University Medical Faculty between June 2018 and June 2019 due to the suspicion of increased ICP were included in this study. The demographic characteristics of patients, diagnosis at admission, results of the cranial CT and MRI examinations, and results of the simultaneous ONSD and NIRS measurements were recorded.

Results
A total of 36 patients were included in our study. With respect to the diagnosis, non-traumatic causes were at the forefront in 30 patients (83.3%), and the most common causes were meningoencephalitis (n = 9; 25%) and non-traumatic bleeding (n = 7; 19.4%). Six of the patients were under the age of one year (16.7%), and the mean values of ONSD and NIRS were 4.8 ± 0.7 mm and 71.1 ± 12.4% respectively in this group. Fourteen patients were in the one to ten year age group and the mean values of ONSD and NIRS were 6.1 ± 0.6 mm and 72.7 ± 9.3% respectively. Sixteen patients were over ten years of age (44.4%), and the mean values of ONSD and NIRS were 5.6 ± 0.7 mm and 74.2 ± 16% respectively. There was no correlation between the ONSD and NIRS values (r:0.307; p = 0.068).

Conclusion
Our study showed that ONSD measurements were helpful in children with increased ICP and reflected the increase in ICP. However, our study also demonstrated that ONSD was not in correlation with the NIRS monitoring. We believe that there is a need for further studies focused on the use of ONSD and NIRS in the monitoring of increased ICP.
Structural equation modelling of perception for sustainable agriculture as climate change mitigation strategy in Ghana
Authors: Ankamah Jacob , Kodua Theophilus Tweneboah , Addae Mary 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Ghana’s agriculture sector has contributed significantly to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over the past decades even though there has been persistent decline of about 12.8% in the last 7 years. It decreased from 31.8% in 2009 to merely 19% as of September 2015, a period of 7 years. In spite of these trends, sustainable agriculture has been observed to be a game changer in agricultural development and growth globally. Sustainable agriculture is partly dependent on the attitude of the present agriculture students who represent the potential officers to impart sustainable agriculture knowledge to farmers. It is therefore relevant to assess the perception of students toward the concept of sustainable agriculture on climate change to inform policy decisions and interventions.

Methods
To assess the perception of students’ toward sustainable agriculture, this study sampled 120 final year undergraduate students’ in the School of Agriculture at the College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon. The study used a well-structured questionnaire to solicit students’ perception for sustainable agriculture, its’ adoption barriers and perceived strategies to address the barriers in Ghana.

Results
Findings indicated that students’ perception for sustainable agriculture is positive. Majority of the students (78.00%) were of the view that sustainable agricultural practices would help protect the environment and our natural resources, therefore could mitigate adverse effects of climate change on agricultural activities.

Conclusions
Students ranked perceived barriers to sustainable agriculture adoption as; economic costs, lack of knowledge and land tenure constraints. Strategic ways to address the barriers were identified as farmer-to-farmer education, provision of financial incentives, developing training and partnership programs, and participatory learning.
Reamed intramedullary nailing versus circular frame external fixation for segmental tibial fractures (STIFF-F): a mixed methods feasibility study
Authors: Hing Caroline B. , Tutton Elizabeth , Smith Toby O. , Glaze Molly , Stokes Jamie R. , Cook Jonathan , Dritsaki Melina , Phelps Emma , Cooper Cushla , Trompeter Alex , Pearse Michael , Law Michael , Costa Matthew L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Segmental tibial fractures are fractures in two or more areas of the tibial diaphysis resulting in a separate intercalary segment of the bone. Surgical fixation is recommended for patients with segmental tibial fractures as non-operative treatment outcomes are poor. The most common surgical interventions are intramedullary nailing (IMN) and circular frame external fixation (CFEF), but evidence about which is better is of poor quality. An adequately powered randomised controlled trial (RCT) to determine optimum treatment is required. STIFF-F aimed to assess the feasibility of a multicentre RCT comparing IMN with CFEF for segmental tibial fracture.

Methods
STIFF-F was a mixed-methods feasibility study comprising a pilot RCT conducted at six UK Major Trauma Centres, qualitative interviews drawing on Phenomenology and an online survey of rehabilitation. The primary outcome was recruitment rate. Patients, 16 years and over, with a segmental tibial fracture (open or closed) deemed suitable for IMN or CFEF were eligible to participate. Randomisation was stratified by site using random permuted blocks of varying sizes. Participant or assessor blinding was not possible. Interviews were undertaken with patients about their experience of injury, treatment, recovery and participation. Staff were interviewed to identify contextual factors affecting trial processes, their experience of recruitment and the treatment pathway. An online survey was developed to understand the rehabilitation context of the treatments.

Results
Eleven patients were screened and three recruited to the pilot RCT. Nineteen staff and four patients participated in interviews, and 11 physiotherapists responded to the survey. This study found the following: (i) segmental tibial fractures were rarer than anticipated, (ii) the complexity of the injury, study setup times and surgeon treatment preferences impeded recruitment, (iii) recovery from a segmental tibial fracture is challenging, and rehabilitation protocols are inconsistent and (iv) despite the difficulty recruiting, staff valued this research question and strived to find a way forward.

Conclusion
The proposed multicentre RCT comparing IMN with CFEF is not feasible. This study highlighted the difficulty of recruiting patients to an RCT of a complex rare injury over a short time period.

Trial registration
The study was registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number Registry: ISRCTN11229660
Bioactive and nutritional characterization of modeled and optimized consumer-ready flakes from pseudocereal (Amaranthus viridis), high-protein soymeal and modified corn starch
Authors: Fasuan Temitope Omolayo , Asadu Kenneth Chigozie , Anyiam Cynthia Chioma , Ojokoh Linda Obianuju , Olagunju Titilope Modupe , Chima Judith Uchenna , Okpara Kingsley Osita 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFlake is consumed in many parts of the world. Flakes are majorly prepared from cereals. However, most flakes are deficient in protein and some other healthful substances. High-protein soymeal is rich in protein, mineral, amino acids, antioxidants, and other healthful substances. Formulating flakes with high-protein soymeal would improve the health status of consumers. This work investigated consumer-ready flake from amaranth, high-protein soymeal, and modified corn starch produced under the optimized condition and characterized with the aim to develop models that would give a healthful consumer-ready flake. Amaranthus viridis, corn, and soybean grains were sorted, wet-cleaned, and dried. Soybean grains were processed into high-protein soymeal, starch was extracted from corn grains while A. viridis grains were processed into flour. Formulated flour mixtures were developed into flakes using three-level factorial categoric factor design of response surface methodology. The flakes were analyzed using standard procedures. Optimal flour mixtures of high-protein soymeal (34.78 g/100 g), amaranth (56.52 g/100 g), and modified corn starch (8.70 g/100 g) were established. Results showed the optimized flakes contained per 100 g: 29.05 g protein, 6.00 g fat, 4.10 g fibre, 3.84 g ash, 8.96 g moisture, 249.74 mg calcium, 272.35 mg magnesium, 12.08 mg iron, 618.42 mg phosphorus, 6.41 mg niacin, 4.85 mg pyridoxine, 0.21 g tannin, 1.85 mg phytate, 2.96 mg alkaloids, 908.24GAE total phenolics and 12.75mgRE flavonoids with good quality characteristics in amino acids. The study illustrated the feasibility of formulating quality consumer-ready flakes from amaranth, high-protein soymeal, and modified corn starch. The production process is scalable and could be employed for both domestic and industrial purposes.
Graphical abstract
Réseaux épistolaires et amitiés infra-politiques entre Révolution et Restauration
Authors: Rance Karine 
Published: April 2021

Précis
Le comte de Montlosier a laissé 386 lettres adressées à Claude-Ignace de Barante et à son fils Prosper entre son retour d’émigration en 1801 et sa mort en 1838. Cette correspondance, qui excède la communication épistolaire duelle pour étendre ses ramifications jusqu’à Coppet, Rome, Londres et Berlin, est pour l’épistolier un instrument d'intégration dans la France postrévolutionnaire, et pour l'historien un observatoire privilégié des mécanismes à l’œuvre dans ce processus. Les réseaux amicaux épistolaires tissés créent des espaces de communication hybrides, mêlant intimité, promotion sociale, et information. Entre Ancien Régime et modernité postrévolutionnaire, les lettres sont ainsi destinées à lutter contre la fragmentation du temps.
The Comte de Montlosier left 386 letters addressed to Claude-Ignace de Barante and his son Prosper between his return from emigration in 1801 and his death in 1838. The two-way exchange extended Montlosier's networks in multiple directions—to Coppet, Rome, London, and Berlin—and it became for its author an instrument of integration into postrevolutionary France. For the historian it is a vantage point from which to observe the mechanisms at work in the transition from Revolution to Restoration. These networks created spaces of hybrid communication mixing intimacy, social promotion, and news. Between Old Regime and postrevolutionary modernity, Montlosier's letters fought against the fragmentation of time.
Predicting Resting Metabolic Rate with Easily Obtained Measures: The Influence of Body Circumference
Authors: Chase Kristi L. , Patek Kyle T. , Walker John L. , Mettler Joni A. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction models have traditionally focused on inclusion of several body size and composition variables to estimate RMR; however, little is known regarding the inclusion of circumference measurements for estimating RMR.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the use of circumference measures and other easily obtainable measures to develop a generalizable RMR model.

Methods
Subjects included 140 men and women aged 19–65 yr. RMR was measured through indirect calorimetry. Predictor variables investigated included the following: waist (WC) and hip circumference, percent body fat by air displacement plethysmography and bioelectrical impedance, body weight, height, body mass index, age, sex, race, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and fat mass and fat-free mass calculated from percent body fat. Multiple regression analysis was used to develop a generalized model for predicting RMR, and cross-validation was used to confirm the accuracy of the model and compare to previously published models.

Results
This study showed WC and WHtR to be significant predictors of RMR; however, they did not account for as much variance in RMR as other more easily obtained measures. Variables included as predictors in the final RMR model were weight (r = 0.61), sex (r = 0.43), age (r = −0.37), and race (r = 0.19). The final derived model for estimating RMR is as follows: RMR (kcal·d−1) = 878.59 + (204.81 × sex, men = 1, women = 0) + (8.75 × weight) − (5.97 × age) + (72.48 × race, Caucasian = 1, non-Caucasian = 0).

Conclusions
Although this study supports a contribution of WC and WHtR in the prediction of RMR, the data suggest that physicians and fitness professionals can use the final RMR model derived with routinely collected information (weight, sex, age, and race) to quickly and easily provide patients and clients with a superior estimation of RMR for immediate translation to evidence-based clinical practice.
Ignoring evidence, producing inequities: public policies, disability and the case of Kaiowá and Guarani Indigenous children with disabilities in Brazil
Authors: de Sales Lima Rayanne , Jacinto Andréa Borghi Moreira , Faria Rodrigo Arthuso Arantes 
Published: April 2021

Backround: An inter-institutional task force was brought together in 2018 to evaluate the irregular institutionalisation of Guarani and Kaiowá Indigenous children with disabilities in Dourados, in central-western Brazil.
Aims and objectives: We draw on this case study to undertake a ‘situational analysis’ on the existence/absence and the use/non-use of evidence in the evaluation of public policies regarding Indigenous children with disabilities. By critically analysing concrete practices in the context of multilevel intersectoral dialogue and joint action of state bodies and civil society, we aim to highlight the effective and potential gains from using Culturally Appropriate Evidence (CAE) at the intersection of policies on children, Indigenous peoples and people with disabilities.
Methods: We used a case study approach to analyse the precedents, development and ramifications of the task force, examine the legal framework regulating the rights of Indigenous children with disabilities, and describe the process of institutionalisation of Indigenous children in the Dourados region in the first two decades of the 21st century.
Findings: We identified that inter-institutional and intersectoral collaboration enhances the development of CAE and the instrumentalisation of intersectoral alternatives.
Discussion and conclusions: Although entrenched institutional bureaucratic culture, and the absence of mechanisms for participation and consultation with Indigenous peoples, can create obstacles to the formulation and use of these kinds of evidence in public policies, the production of evidence through the articulated and collaborative effort of agents can offer, when there are political conditions for it, the necessary conditions to develop culturally appropriate solutions for complex scenarios.
Determinants of Health Service Utilization Among Users of Dokolo Health Centre IV, Dokolo District: A Community Perspective
Authors: Ojok Francis , Samuel Mukasa Samuel , Omona [PhD] Kizito 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Health services utilization (HSU) is an important health outcome indicator, a surrogate measure of access to healthcare that influences the outcomes of health status and consumer satisfaction. Healthcare is central to community well-being as well as a fundamental aspect of life. Objective: The study sought to assess determinants of health service utilization among users of Dokolo Health Centre IV, Dokolo district. Methods: A cross sectional analytical design, which employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches, was used between January and July, 2020. A total of 396 respondents participated. Data was collected using Semi-structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion guide. Analysis was done using SPSS and qualitative data was analyzed verbatim.Results: Only 26.8% of the users were satisfied with services provided in the health facility. Living environments of respondents was the only socio-demographic factor that determined HSU (p = 0.046). Living in urban area was 1.6 times more likely to be a determinant of HSU than living in rural setting [COR=1.571, 95% CI (0.986-2.504)]. The study found that being a female was 1.14 times more likely to utilize health services (COR=1.135, 95% CI (0.741-1.739)). Similarly, majority of the respondents who were peasants, 174(43.9%), utilized health services from the facility as opposed to their formally employed counterparts. Thus, being formally employed was 0.7 times less likely to utilize health services (COR= 0.655, 95% CI (0.29-1.476)). Satisfaction with services (p=0.000), level of satisfaction (p=0.000) and distance to health facility (p=0.033) were enablers of HSU. Being very satisfied was 16 times more likely for one to utilize health services [COR=16, 95% CI (0.000- 0.001)]. Most of the respondents rated the quality of care as poor.Conclusion: Health service utilization remains quite low in many rural health facilities of Uganda.Â Â
Abundance of a recently discovered Alaskan rhodolith bed in a shallow, seagrass-dominated lagoon
Authors: Ward David H. , Amundson Courtney L. , Fitzmorris Patrick J. , Menning Damian M. , Markis Joel A. , Sowl Kristine M. , Lindstrom Sandra C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rhodoliths are important foundation species of the benthic photic zone but are poorly known and rarely studied in Alaska. A bed of Lithothamnion soriferum rhodoliths was discovered in 2008 in Kinzarof Lagoon, Alaska, a shallow-water embayment dominated by eelgrass (Zostera marina). Rhodolith spatial extent and biomass were estimated to assess trends and environmental factors that may influence rhodolith distribution and abundance during four years spread over a 12-year period (2008–2010, and 2019). Presence and biomass of rhodoliths were negatively associated with percent eelgrass cover. Biomass of rhodoliths also decreased with increased water temperature. Rhodoliths occurred in two primary areas of the lagoon, a 182 ha core area in a shallow water (mean tide depth of −0.03 m MLLW) tidal channel with low eelgrass density, and a 22 ha outlying area at shallower water depths (>0.2 m MLLW) with moderate to high eelgrass cover. There was no apparent trend in rhodolith biomass over the study period despite wide variation in mean annual estimates. This study establishes a baseline for continued investigations and monitoring of this important benthic resource in Alaska.
Riddles and Kennings
Authors: Burrows Hannah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe skaldic kenning is frequently described as ‘riddling’ or ‘riddle-like’. Valuable work has been done (e. g. Lindow1975) in establishing the structural, linguistic, and cognitive similarities between kennings and riddles, but this has usually been done in terms of the broad modern English sense(s) of the word ‘riddle’ or ‘riddling’. This paper, more specifically, explores the comparison by examining Old Norse riddles, namely items described asgáturin their textual setting, and Old Norse kennings, in the context of each other. In doing so it highlights Old Norse poetic techniques of play and of cognition, how ‘riddling’ strategies work in context, and how both riddles and kennings provide fresh ways of perceiving and understanding the world.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extracts characterization by conventional and modern methods
Authors: Constantin Oana Emilia , Milea Adelina Ștefania , Bolea Carmen , Mihalcea Liliana , Enachi Elena , Copolovici Dana Maria , Copolovici Lucian , Munteanu Florentina , Bahrim Gabriela Elena , Râpeanu Gabriela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The impact of different extraction methods on bioactive compounds (total phenols and flavonoids) recovery from onion wastes recovered from the market was investigated. The results revealed a total polyphenol content from 25.19 ± 3.56 mg gallic acid equivalents/g for enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) to 212.56 ± 1.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g for supercritical extraction (SFE). The total flavonoid content registered from 108.36 ± 3.62 mg quercetin equivalents/g for EAE to 334.97 ± 19.41 mg quercetin equivalents/g for conventional solvent extraction (CSE). The antioxidant activity (404.93 ± 1.39 mM Trolox/g) for SFE was the highest compared to all the extraction procedures used. The chromatographic profiles were conducted at five primary compound identification (quercetin 7,4-diglycoside, quercetin 3,4-diglycoside, quercetin 4-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol) and GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 26 compounds, manly identified in EAE. The results also revealed that the SFE method, as a non-invasive technique, recorded the highest concentration of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, confirmed by chromatographic profiles.