bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol enhances bone formation by modulating inflammation in the mouse periodontitis model
Authors: Adhikari Nirpesh , Prasad Aryal Yam , Jung Jae‐Kwang , Ha Jung‐Hong , Choi So‐Young , Kim Ji‐Youn , Lee Tae‐Hoon , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Suh Jo‐Young , An Chang‐Hyeon , Lee Youngkyun , Sohn Wern‐Joo , An Seo‐Young , Kim Jae‐Young 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of resveratrol on periodontal bone regeneration after local delivery and to determine its effect on inflammatory mediators.BackgroundResveratrol is considered an anti‐inflammatory polyphenolic stilbene involved in the modulation of inflammation.Materials and MethodsPeriodontitis was induced in mouse molars using a 5‐day ligature model followed by the left second molar extraction and 50 µM resveratrol treatment for 1 and 2 weeks. We then examined specimens treated for 1 week histologically and with immunostaining. Microfocus‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) was used to examine the bone volume formation.ResultsAfter 1 week of treatment, proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF‐alpha and IL6), cells exhibiting neutrophil and macrophage marker (MPO), cell proliferation marker (Ki67), and preosteoblastic marker (RUNX2) reactivity decreased in the resveratrol‐treated specimens compared to the control group. In contrast, we observed a higher number of CD31‐, F4/80‐, and osteocalcin‐ (OCN‐) positive cells in the resveratrol‐treated specimens. After 2 weeks, micro‐CT confirmed an increased bone mass in the region of the extraction socket in the resveratrol‐treated group.ConclusionAfter 1 week, the resveratrol‐treated specimens revealed evidence of inflammation modulation compared to the control group. These data suggest that resveratrol not only affects inflammation control but also is useful for treating periodontitis‐related tissue defects and bone regeneration.
Regional disparity in the axial skeleton of Saurichthyidae and implications for axial regionalization in non‐teleostean actinopterygians
Authors: Maxwell E. E. , Romano C. , Wu F.‐X. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe postcranial axial skeleton of actinopterygian fishes is typically divided into three regions: (1) an anterior abdominal region, (2) a posterior caudal region and (3) those vertebrae supporting the caudal fin. However, in some actinopterygians, the axial skeleton is more finely subdivided, with up to six morphologically distinct sub‐regions recognized. Phylogenetic continuity and homology of structures across these sub‐regions have not been investigated in detail, either between or among groups. We examine variation in axial regionalization in saurichthyid fishes, a clade of extinct non‐teleostean actinopterygians with highly variable axial skeletal morphology but an otherwise conservative body plan, and compare these findings to other non‐teleostean actinopterygians to assess conservation of a regionalized axial skeleton within bony fishes. We document up to eight distinct regions in the vertebral column of Triassic Saurichthys: (1) a postoccipital region, (2) an anterior and (3) a posterior abdominal region, (4) a transitional region spanning the abdominal–caudal boundary, (5) an anterior and (6) a posterior caudal region and (7) preural and (8) ural regions. Based on taphonomical and morphological evidence, the transitional region appears to function in axial stiffening in the area of the median fins, whereas the abdominal region is highly flexible. The degree to which these axial regions are osteologically differentiated is highly variable across Saurichthyidae, implying iterative evolution of differentiation and de‐differentiation over relatively short geological timescales. Such variably expressed regionalization was also identified in the outgroup non‐teleostean actinopterygians Birgeria and Australosomus. Despite variation in morphological disparity, the regions identified in saurichthyids correlate well with those documented in some teleosts and Paleozoic actinopterygians, suggesting potential deep patterning homology but independent evolution of specific regionalized axial morphologies in response to changing functional demands.
Hepatic steatosis and hepatic iron overload modify the association of iron markers with glucose metabolism disorders and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Pitchika Anitha , Kühn Jens‐Peter , Schipf Sabine , Nauck Matthias , Dörr Marcus , Lerch Markus M. , Kromrey Marie‐Luise , Felix Stephan B. , Markus Marcello R. P. , Rathmann Wolfgang , Völzke Henry , Ittermann Till 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIron status has been linked with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the role of hepatic steatosis or iron overload on these associations remains uncertain.MethodsWe analysed data from 2310 participants without known T2DM of the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND, Germany) through logistic regression models. We tested additive and multiplicative interactions between ferritin and hepatic steatosis or iron overload.ResultsSerum ferritin was positively associated with IGM (OR per 100 µg/L: 1.11 [1.01, 1.23]), T2DM (OR per 100 µg/L: 1.20 [1.06, 1.36]) and MetS (OR per 100 µg/L: 1.11 [1.02, 1.20]) in the total population as well as in participants without hepatic iron overload. However, the synergistic effect of higher ferritin concentrations and hepatic iron overload showed stronger associations with IGM and T2DM. Similarly, while ferritin was positively associated with T2DM and MetS even in the absence of hepatic steatosis, the synergistic effect of higher ferritin concentrations and hepatic steatosis showed stronger associations with IGM, T2DM and MetS. Transferrin was associated with isolated impaired glucose tolerance but not with T2DM and MetS.ConclusionsOur study suggests that ferritin may be associated with glucose metabolism disorders and MetS even in people without hepatic steatosis or iron overload. However, in individuals with higher ferritin concentrations, the presence of hepatic steatosis may indicate stronger risk for glucose metabolism disorders and MetS, while the presence of hepatic iron overload may indicate stronger risk only for glucose metabolism disorders.
Osteoinductive function of fucoidan on periodontal ligament stem cells: Role of PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways
Authors: Shim Na Young , Ryu Jae‐In , Heo Jung Sun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesFucoidan has been focused as a multifunctional therapeutic uses including bone health supplements. However, the critical molecular mechanisms of fucoidan for bone therapeutic agents have not been fully understood. We investigated the osteoinductive effect of fucoidan on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and how this polymer encouraged PDLSC osteogenesis.Materials and MethodsOsteogenic induction of PDLSCs was processed by culturing cells with fucoidan treatment. Osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was verified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, matrix mineralization assay, intracellular calcium levels, and mRNA expression and protein levels of osteogenic markers.ResultsFucoidan treatment showed higher osteogenic activity in the PDLSCs than the control groups. PDLSCs with fucoidan also presented increased levels of the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) isoforms, p110α and p110γ compared to control cells. The phosphorylation of Akt, a PI3K downstream effector, was significantly increased at 90 min of fucoidan induction. Expression of β‐catenin, a coactivator of canonical Wnt pathways, was increased in PDLSCs with fucoidan. β‐catenin was found to link with PI3K activation during the fucoidan stimulation. When cells were blocked by PI3K inhibitor or β‐catenin‐specific siRNA, fucoidan‐induced osteogenic activity of PDLSCs was significantly attenuated.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the fucoidan stimulates osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs via the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways.
Quantitative trait loci and candidate genes responsible for pale green flesh colour in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
Authors: Pei Shuang , Liu Zheng , Wang Xuezheng , Luan Feishi , Dai Zuyun , Yang Zhongzhou , Zhang Qian , Liu Shi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFlesh colour is an important trait that affects the nutritional value, consumer preference, and breeder selection of fruits. In this study, we developed an F2 population derived from crossing the parental lines ZXG1555 (pale green flesh) and Cream of Saskatchewan (short for ‘COS’; pale yellow flesh) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and predict candidate genes that determine flesh colour and chlorophyll content. We found a major effective QTL (qfc10.1) region harbouring 22 annotated genes related to pale green flesh colour and chlorophyll content in the same region (~519 kb) on chromosome 10. Two Kompetitive Allele‐Specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed based on two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate gene Cla97C10G185970 annotated as plastid lipid‐associated protein, which exhibited a high correlation of pale green and non‐pale green flesh fruits according to the genotype results. The findings of this study provide a fundamental basis for further fine mapping and functional analyses of candidate genes associated with pale green flesh colour in watermelon.
A novel STAT3 mutation associated with hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome with a paucity of connective tissue signs
Authors: Yoshida Yoichiro , Nagamori Tsunehisa , Takahashi Hironori , Ishibazawa Emi , Shimada Sorachi , Kawai Toshinao , Azuma Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA heterozygous mutation of STAT3 causes autosomal dominant hyper immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndrome; however, there are still many unclear points regarding the clinical spectrum of this syndrome.MethodsIn addition to a clinical description of patients in terms of pedigree, a genetic analysis, quantitation of peripheral blood Th17 and ex vivo IL‐17 production were carried out.ResultsThe proband, a 2‐year‐old boy (Patient 1) with early onset atopic dermatitis‐like eczema and recurrent bacterial infections, was suspected of autosomal dominant hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome on the basis of his symptoms and family history. His mother (Patient 2) also had skin eczema and recurrent bacterial infections, and his sister (Patient 3) had skin eczema. A novel STAT3 mutation (p.S476F) was detected in all three patients, but not in the father, who had no such symptoms. A significant decrease in peripheral blood Th17 subsets and IL‐17 production was found in all the patients. Curiously, all three patients carrying the p.S476F mutation in STAT3 lacked connective tissue signs such as distinctive facial features, retention of primary teeth, and joint hyperextensibility.ConclusionsAutosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome should, perhaps, be considered even if patients lack connective tissue signs, as long as hypersensitivity to infection and skin manifestations with hyper IgE are present.
Obesity and febrile urinary tract infection in young children
Authors: Okada Mari , Kijima Emi , Yamamura Haruka , Nakatani Hisae , Yokoyama Haruna , Imai Masako , Suzuki Natsuko , Oshiba Akihiro , Nagasawa Masayuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a risk factor for infectious diseases. However, the relationship between obesity and febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) is controversial. This study aimed to determine the relationship between obesity and fUTI in young children.MethodsWe analyzed the medical records of children aged <2 years who were admitted to our hospital because of fever between April 2013 to March 2018. The children were categorized into three groups of non‐obese, overweight, and obese according to the World Health Organization weight‐for‐length curves for children aged <2 years.ResultsA total of 600 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 118 were diagnosed with first fUTI. Patients in the fUTI group were younger than those in the control group (patients who were diagnosed with other febrile diseases) (5 ± 5.11 vs 11 ± 6.53 months; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the populations of overweight and obese children between the fUTI and control groups. In the fUTI group, the duration of fever, types of pathogen, recurrent rate, the grades of vesicoureteral reflux, and renal scarring were not associated with obesity. The white blood cell count and C‐reactive protein levels were not significantly different among the three weight‐for‐length categories. The same results were obtained when the fUTI group was compared with an age‐matched control group (n = 192, 4 ± 2.55 months old; P = 0.261).ConclusionsObesity is not a significant risk factor for fUTI in febrile hospitalized young children. Our study suggests that conducting urinalysis for febrile young children without obvious sources, irrespective of obesity, should be considered.
Childhood mental health and adult family relationships: How ADHD shapes experiences with intimate unions and parenthood
Authors: Kroeger Rhiannon A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreasingly recognized as a chronic condition that can endure across the life course, childhood attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with less stable family formation and more strain around intimate unions (dating, cohabitation and marriage) and parenthood. This article reviews and evaluates multidisciplinary research on childhood ADHD, intimate unions and parenthood, with the purpose of motivating future sociological research in this area. The paper is organized into three general sections. First, I provide an overview of information on ADHD including its diagnosis and treatment, cross‐disciplinary etiologies, and sociodemographic correlates. Next, I blend sociological perspectives on labeling and stigma, social stress, and the life course to consider the role of ADHD‐related stigma in shaping associations of childhood ADHD with family formation processes (intimate unions and parenthood) and family functioning (relationship quality and communication) in adulthood. Finally, I discuss opportunities for future sociological research on childhood ADHD and adult family relationships that have the potential to contribute both to empirical research on childhood ADHD and adult family relationships, as well as to sociological research at the intersection of family and health.
nMAT3 is an essential maturase splicing factor required for holo‐complex I biogenesis and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Authors: Shevtsov‐Tal Sofia , Best Corinne , Matan Roei , Chandran Sam A. , Brown Gregory G. , Ostersetzer‐Biran Oren 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYGroup‐II introns are self‐splicing mobile genetic elements consisting of catalytic intron‐RNA and its related intron‐encoded splicing maturase protein cofactor. Group‐II sequences are particularly plentiful within the mitochondria of land plants, where they reside within many critical gene loci. During evolution, the plant organellar introns have degenerated, such as they lack regions that are are required for splicing, and also lost their evolutionary related maturase proteins. Instead, for their splicing the organellar introns in plants rely on different host‐acting protein cofactors, which may also provide a means to link cellular signals with respiratory functions. The nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes four maturase‐related factors. Previously, we showed that three of the maturases, nMAT1, nMAT2 and nMAT4, function in the excision of different group‐II introns in Arabidopsis mitochondria. The function of nMAT3 (encoded by the At5g04050 gene locus) was found to be essential during early embryogenesis. Using a modified embryo‐rescue method, we show that nMAT3‐knockout plants are strongly affected in the splicing of nad1 introns 1, 3 and 4 in Arabidopsis mitochondria, resulting in complex‐I biogenesis defects and altered respiratory activities. Functional complementation of nMAT3 restored the organellar defects and embryo‐arrested phenotypes associated with the nmat3 mutant line. Notably, nMAT3 and nMA4 were found to act on the same RNA targets but have no redundant functions in the splicing of nad1 transcripts. The two maturases, nMAT3 and nMAT4 are likely to cooperate together in the maturation of nad1 pre‐RNAs. Our results provide important insights into the roles of maturases in mitochondria gene expression and the biogenesis of the respiratory system during early plant life.
Stress Coefficients for Rotating Disks of Conical Profile
Authors: Bisshopp K. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The solution of this problem involves calculations with infinite series which satisfy a hypergeometric differential equation of exponent difference 2. Numerical evaluation of the coefficients is facilitated by employing the linear relations between the hypergeometric functions of arguments x and 1 − x. These linear relations are derived by an elementary method, which it is believed, has not been described heretofore in engineering literature. The formulas obtained by this method were used to compile tables of the hypergeometric function and the related stress coefficients for various values of Poisson’s ratio. The application of these stress coefficients to an illustrative example which had been calculated with a system of uniform disks clearly shows the advantages obtainable with a system of conical profiles.
Second Law of Thermodynamics for Changes of State and Quantity of Working Substance With Particular Reference to Steam Engines
Authors: Zerkowitz G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For many years the author had devoted increased attention and study to the problems of the change of state and quantity of thermal working substances. These thermal processes particularly occur in piston engines, e.g., in steam engines during admission and release, in internal-combustion engines in the exhaust, and in compressors during the inlet to and the outlet from the cylinder. In turboengines they also can play a part, e.g., in gas turbines with explosion chambers, such as the Holtzwarth turbine. In the author’s former essay numerous instances based on the first law of thermodynamics have been dealt with whereas, in this paper, first some other applications of the first law of thermodynamics and then the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics for changes of state and quantity will be presented. Particular attention will be devoted to the thermodynamic aspect of the entropy diagrams dealing with variable quantities, and the sources of errors which may occur when using such diagrams.
An Investigation of the Cross-Spring Pivot
Authors: Young W. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is the purpose of this paper to describe the characteristics of the cross-spring pivot, or elastic hinge, for large deflection angles. Design formulas are established for certain standard forms of the two-spring pivot on the basis of experimental results. Formulas are developed for the spring constant, bending stress, and motion of the pivot point; their application is illustrated by an example. A comparison of the various pivots, when used in lever systems, is made, and suggestions for the design of two-spring pivots are included.
The Bending of the Clamped Sectorial Plate
Authors: Carrier G. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The problem of evaluating the bending moments, existing in a uniformly loaded clamped plate having the form of a sector of a ring, is one which arises in connection with the stress analysis of reinforced piston heads and in other design problems. In this paper, expressions are derived for the bending moments along the edges of such a plate. Similar problems, i.e., those of the clamped rectangular plate under uniform pressure, under a central concentrated load, and that of the simply supported sector of a disk under uniform pressure, have been discussed by previous authors. The general approach used in the foregoing problems is adopted in the present case; a considerable reduction in the computational work is achieved, however, by the use of an integral-equation method of solving the boundary-condition equations. Numerical results are obtained for plates of various dimensions, and the edge moment distributions are plotted for these cases. Curves are also plotted which indicate the relationship existing between the maximum bending moments derived for sectorial plates and those previously obtained for clamped rectangular plates of similar size.
Equivalent Circuits of the Elastic Field
Authors: Kron Gabriel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents equivalent circuits representing the partial differential equations of the theory of elasticity for bodies of arbitrary shapes. Transient, steady-state, or sinusoidally oscillating elastic-field phenomena may now be studied, within any desired degree of accuracy, either by a “network analyzer,” or by numerical- and analytical-circuit methods. Such problems are the propagation of elastic waves, determination of the natural frequencies of vibration of elastic bodies, or of stresses and strains in steady-stressed states. The elastic body may be non-homogeneous, may have arbitrary shape and arbitrary boundary conditions, it may rotate at a uniform angular velocity and may, for representation, be divided into blocks of uneven length in different directions. The circuits are developed to handle both two- and three-dimensional phenomena. They are expressed in all types of orthogonal curvilinear reference frames in order to simplify the boundary relations and to allow the solution of three-dimensional problems with axial and other symmetry by the use of only a two-dimensional network. Detailed circuits are given for the important cases of axial symmetry, cylindrical co-ordinates (two-dimensional) and rectangular co-ordinates (two- and three-dimensional). Nonlinear stress-strain relations in the plastic range may be handled by a step-by-step variation of the circuit constants. Nonisotropic bodies and nonorthogonal reference frames, however, require an extension of the circuits given. The circuits for steady-state stress and small oscillation phenomena require only inductances and capacitors, while the circuits for transients require also standard (not ideal) transformers. A companion paper deals in detail with numerical and experimental methods to solve the equivalent circuits.
Coordinated Control of Flexible Cables With Human-Like Dual Manipulators
Authors: Lv Naijing , Liu Jianhua , Jia Yunyi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to the flexibility and high degrees-of-freedom of flexible cables, their dynamic modeling and precise control are challenging. In this paper, the dynamic modeling and control of flexible cables with human-like dual manipulators are studied to deploy them on a plane and form the desired shapes automatically. First, we establish a dynamic model of flexible cables based on a discrete elastic rod model. This model can simulate their stretching, bending, and twisting deformations. Then, we consider the collisions, contacts, and frictions between the flexible cables and the plane, add kinematic constraints to the model, and finally obtain an implementable dynamic solution of the model. Next, we propose dynamic control schemes including parallel dual-arm control and coordinated dual-arm control to deploy the flexible cables on a plane and form the desired shapes for dual-arm controls. Finally, experimental and simulation studies are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the dynamic model and the validity of the control schemes. The results show that the model can successfully demonstrate the deformations of flexible cables, and the proposed control schemes can successfully manipulate flexible cables in different tasks.