bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ficus benghalensis (banyan).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

F. benghalensis is a very large, long-lived evergreen tree with thick spreading horizontal branches, from which numerous aerial roots descend and take root, forming new trunks. It is endemic to India and the sub-Himalayan region, and inhabits evergreen and semi-deciduous forest. F. benghalensis has been introduced in Uganda, Zanzibar and Florida. In India, it is considered a sacred tree with wish-fulfilling properties.In the wild, F. benghalensis is naturally dispersed via the excrement of birds and monkeys, and only seeds deposited in the canopy will germinate. This species initially exists as an epiphyte that will rapidly send down roots and begin to envelop the host tree, eventually killing it. F. benghalensis is a strong light-demander and is unable to germinate or grow in the shade (Hocking, 1993). It is frost-hardy, and the leaves may recover quickly from severe frosts. It is susceptible to fire, although seldom are its many stems all killed by fire. F. benghalensis is drought-resistant, though it may lose leaves in hot dry seasons. The wood is of poor quality, and is mainly used for fuelwood, boxes, posts, and small agricultural implements. Due to its durability under water, the wood is used to form well-curbs. Generally the fruit is only eaten in times of famine. F. benghalensis has medicinal properties: the sap is used to treat rheumatism and lumbago; the bark may cure dysentery, diarrhoea and diabetes; leaves are applied to abscesses; and root fibres are used in gonad problems (Hocking, 1993). An inferior rubber may be obtained from the latex of the bark. F. benghalensis can be artificially propagated by cuttings or seed. Both seedlings and cuttings require light and plenty of moisture for optimum growth (Gupta, 1993). F. benghalensis tends to grow slowly in less preferred conditions, such as acid soils, high rainfall, cool temperatures and coastal belts (Hocking, 1993). Aerial roots may begin to develop after 15-20 years, and regular pruning will prevent excessive canopy development. F. benghalensis is extensively planted for shade and as an ornamental in gardens, villages or along roadsides. The aggressive nature and spreading crown of this species make it unsuitable for unmanaged cultivation. However, with regular pollarding, heavy lopping and pruning of aerial roots, it is suitable for silvopastoral systems, and is used to provide fodder and hedging (Hocking, 1993). It is also used to reclaim wasteland and sand dunes.
Toona ciliata (toon).
Authors: Dixon Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The family Meliaceace contains some of the world's finest grade cabinet timbers. These include the Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), West Indian mahogany (S. mahogani), Ugandan mahogany (Entandrophragma sp.), Asian Chukrasia (Chukrasia tabularis) and the Australian red cedar or Indian Toon (T. ciliata). Timber of T. ciliata was exported from Australia to Calcutta, India, in 1795 just seven years after the first British settlement was established in Sydney, thus becoming Australia's first export. The harvesting of this species was very important to the economy of the early European settlement and the timber getters helped open up the coastal forests for later agricultural activities (Boland, 1997). The species was also arguably the first Australian plant species to have conservation measures placed upon it (Boland, 1997) when it was realised that the species was rapidly disappearing in areas near Sydney. In India, thirty years ago, timber of T. ciliata was said to be available in large quantities from Uttar Pradesh and in fair quantities from North Bengal and Assam (Anon, 1963). Timber is also available in small quantities from other areas; mainly from roadside trees and from trees on cultivated lands (Anon, 1963).
Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

B. bambos is a tall bamboo with densely thorny interlacing branches. It occurs naturally in deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, and is widely planted in forest and farmland throughout the plains of India. Traditionally, this species is cultivated for culms used in construction and weaving material, as well as the protection offered against intruders by its thorny branches. It is now also a major source of pulp for paper production.
The role of mechanical interactions in EMT
Authors: Murphy Ryan J , Buenzli Pascal R , Tambyah Tamara A , Thompson Erik W , Hugo Honor J , Baker Ruth E , Simpson Matthew J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The detachment of cells from the boundary of an epithelial tissue and the subsequent invasion of these cells into surrounding tissues is important for cancer development and wound healing, and is strongly associated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Chemical signals, such as TGF-β, produced by surrounding tissue can be uptaken by cells and induce EMT. In this work, we present a novel cell-based discrete mathematical model of mechanical cellular relaxation, cell proliferation, and cell detachment driven by chemically-dependent EMT in an epithelial tissue. A continuum description of the model is then derived in the form of a novel nonlinear free boundary problem. Using the discrete and continuum models we explore how the coupling of chemical transport and mechanical interactions influences EMT, and postulate how this could be used to help control EMT in pathological situations.
Assessing graph interpretation of high school students: an examination by students’ gender
Authors: Riani V R , Sa’diyah L H , Purwanto M G , Ramalis T R , Samsudin A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The research aims to assess graph interpretation among high school students in Karawang. The research used the analytic description method because graph interpretation shows students’ conceptual understanding. This research is focused on the kinematics concept and participants involved student 10th grade of high school which consists of 72 students (25 male students and 47 female students). The instrument that used in this research is the standard test of Understanding Graphs-kinematics (TUG-K) which consists of 21 multiple-choice. The data were analyzed using the Rasch model. The results of analysis by using Winsteps 4.4.3 in the form of Wright map display indicate that graph interpretation of gender (male and female student) has a gap. The graph interpretation of high school students with Rasch model have conclusion there are the value of person reliability is categorized as “sufficient”, the person measure shows that the average ability of students is fair than the item difficulty, the outfit mean-square into acceptable category, which indicates the excellent conditions for measurement, the outfit standardized Z is categorized acceptable too and student code started from high ability graph interpretation (02F) headed for low ability (13M).
Collaborative problem-solving: how to implement and measure it in science teaching and learning
Authors: Putri I E , Sinaga P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) is an essential competency in the 21st century. However, this skill is quite complex due to the two-dimensional domain having to measure at once. This study is a literature review aimed to presents various CPS measurement methods from empirical research for the past 17 years. Hence, teachers can get insight to implement and to develop CPS assessment mainly for training students to solve complex problems. Based on this review, there are two broad methods to measure CPS including using computer environment and real-life context. The former allows measurement to be more accurate and quicker, while the latter enables students to experience face-to-face interaction during problem solving. However, the development of CPS assessment using a computer needs professional ICT and an adequate number of computers as well as a high internet connection. In Indonesia, the implementation of computer-based assessment faces many challenges, and only some schools in the city centre can meet that requirement. Hence, it can be an alternative to measure the interaction of students during the CPS activity by putting high consideration of the using pedagogical content to facilitate CPS environment.
The development of character and scientific knowledge of students through inquiry-based learning neuroscience approach
Authors: Asriyadin  , Yulianci S , Adiansha A A , Kaniawati I , Liliawati W , Muliana  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Famous scientific characters and knowledge are well developed and developed in the context of education in schools. This study aims to optimize the use of inquiry models based on neuroscience approaches in learning physics to improve students’ character and scientific knowledge. This research is a quasi-experimental study conducted in one of the senior high schools in the tenth grade located in Bima Regency. The instrument used consisted of two tests to see an increase in scientific knowledge and a non-test to observe an increase in student character. Method This study uses one group pretest-posttest design and descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the research through the N-Gain normalization test showed that students ‘scientific knowledge increased in the medium category and the students’ character developed well according to the implications after the application of inquiry learning through the neuroscience approach to learning physics.
Preliminary analysis of module development by setting arguments through the application of scientific inquiry models to improve students’ scientific attitudes
Authors: Yulianci S , Asriyadin  , Nurjumiati  , Kaniawati I , Liliawati W , Muliana  
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhysics learning use scientific methods based on scientific attitudes to solve the problems they face. This study aims to conduct a needs analysis related to the application of the scientific inquiry model through the development of teaching materials in the form of modules with the help of argumentation settings to improve students’ scientific attitudes in learning physics. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, where the research subjects are teachers and class X high school students in one of the schools located in Bima Regency. The data processed in this study are primary data analyzed from observation sheets and qualitative interviews. data analysis use Likert scale. The initial analysis carried out consisted of module analysis and analysis of students’ scientific attitudes. The module analysis results that 50% learning difficulties, 83% needs, 80% performance, and 74% of graduate competency standards. The analysis results for the scientific attitude of students on average are in the good category obtained from the analysis for each indicator that is asking 76%, open thinking 71%, respecting the facts 73% and, critical thinking 75%.
Situation analysis of mathematical physics learning with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Marisda D H , Ma’ruf M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research was conduct to determine the situation of learning mathematics physics online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in this study were physics semester 4th students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar with 21 students. Data collection techniques include online interviews and questionnaires. The collected data analyzed by reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study describe the learning process of mathematical physics not conducive during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The problem that arises in the form of difficulty lectures in teaching explicit physics material that has many mathematical formulas and calculations. The difficulty on the part of students is that students experience limited costs to buy internet quota in online learning. The lecturer provides the solution by creating a mathematical physics module that is given in stages. This module is presented with language and examples of questions that are easily understood by students through the google classroom application. Lectures also occasionally use the zoom application, and Google meets to explain the material that is difficult to understand.
Application of STEM-based online learning to train creative skills of students in covid-19 pandemic periods
Authors: Sarnita F , Fitriani A , Anhar  , Utama J A , Suwarma I R , Widia  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This aim of this research application of STEM learning with the 6th-semester student object of physics education study program STKIP Taman Siswa Bima. The research subject is creative thinking skills. This study uses a One Group Pretest - Posttest Design with Pretest design; to measure students’ creative thinking at the beginning of learning (Y_1), Implement STEM (X), and Posttest based learning; to measure students’ creative thinking at the end of learning (Y_2). The instruments in this study were student activity sheets, student response questionnaires, and instruments for assessing students’ creative thinking skills using open-ended questions via Google Form and assessing creative products produced by students. Student responses and activities were analyzed in terms of percentages, while for creative thinking skills students were analyzed descriptively qualitatively using N-Gain. The instruments in this study used open-ended and prototype tests. The test is used to see the level of creative thinking of students, while the prototype is used as an assessment of students’ creative products. Analysis of creative thinking skills with an average value of 78 is at the creative level, while creative products (prototype) with an average value of 84 are at a very creative level. So it can be concluded that the application of STEM-based online learning can train students’ creative thinking skills during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Development of pendulum oscillation worksheets (POWs) to practice science process skills
Authors: Gumilar D A , Efendi R , Ramalis T R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research aims to develop the task of science process skills on harmonic vibration material. Science process skills are important skills to be trained in students to contain various skills needed in the learning process to study natural phenomena. This research is part of the effort to develop instrument sets in the form of assignments and skills rubric of the science process research method used is the method of developing ACD (analysis, construction, and development), worksheets that are made then validated by experts and to obtain further development suggestions. The results show that the worksheets that have been developed are good with a note of improvement in the aspects of the task structure and statements on the worksheets to be made clearer and supplementary information is added related to the physical quantities.
Development of interactive media based on mathematics with HOMTS and learning by doing orientation
Authors: Fadilah F , Priyanda R , Amalia R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mathematics learning needs to act as a bridge between students’ everyday culture and mathematics in school. The digital age requires teachers to develop innovative interactive media that contains hands-on activities and can improve higher-order thinking skills. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) of interactive media, namely lectora inspire based on ethnomathematics with HOMTS orientation and learning by doing. The steps in this research are (1) potential problems; (2) data collection; (3) product design; (4) design validation; (5) design revisions; (6) product trials; and (7) product revisions. The results showed that lectora inspire based on ethnomathematics with HOMTS orientation and learning by doing is appropriate to be used as interactive media in learning linear equation systems for senior high school students.
Profile of mathematical ability of junior high school student in Cirebon based on TIMSS standards
Authors: Munaji  , Setiawahyu M I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This result of research on Trend In Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) scores of Indonesian students in 2011 puts it at the bottom. And until now there are still many references of mathematics students and mathematics researchers in Indonesia. However, there are no results of research on the position where students in the city of Cirebon currently in the TIMSS score. The method of the reasearch is survey method by taking a random sample of 491 students taken from eighth-grade students of public and private schools showed the average TIMSS score of students who answered correctly from the sample tested reached 58% with a standard deviation of 8. The average of student correct answer in Cirebon higher than national average or international average correct answer in all level at TIMSS in 2011, thus low level, intermediate level, high level and advance level. However, the mathematical ability of students in the city of Cirebon still needs to be improved because in intermediate level, high level, and advance level still less satisfactory. In gender differences perspective, mathematical ability female student better than mathematical ability of male students for all level at TIMSS in 2011.
A comparison between the enhancement of students’ mathematical critical thinking skill through the use of means-ends analysis (MEA) and Treffinger learning
Authors: Susanti N , Juandi D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the comparison of enhancement students’ mathematical critical thinking skills between those who obtain Means - Ends Analysis (MEA) and Treffinger learning, as well as to find out the mathematical critical thinking skills of students who use Means - Ends Analysis (MEA) and Treffinger learning. The method used in this research is descriptive and quasi-experimental methods. The population in this study were students of class X MIPA SMA 3 Tasikmalaya. Two classes were taken randomly as samples, selected in class X MIPA 2 with 35 students as experimental class I using MEA and X MIPA 3 with 32 students as experimental class II using Treffinger learning. The instrument used was a test of students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. The data analysis technique used two mean difference tests, using a t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results of research and data analysis show that enhancement students’ mathematical critical thinking skills using MEA learning is better than those using Treffinger learning, critical thinking skills using learning are MEA included in both criteria and skills critical thinking using Treffinger learning is included in both criteria.
Application of listening team learning model in improving middle school students’ mathematical reasoning ability
Authors: Utami N W , Nurlaelah E 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study uses classroom action research conducted in Al-Mashum Middle School in Cianjur, West Java. It aims to determine the effectiveness of the Listening Team method toward students’ mathematical reasoning ability. The data is obtained by using a test instrument which gained in two cycles implementation, students interview and teachers observation. The result showed that; (a) The students and teachers activity in cycle 1 has increased, the average of students mathematical reasoning ability is 56.9, (b) In cycle 2 has increased with the value of 73.1. It shows that there is an improvement in students’ mathematical reasoning ability from cycle 1 to cycle to by the value of 16.2.
A systematic literature review on developing students’ statistical literacy skills
Authors: Aziz A M , Rosli R 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStatistical literacy is crucial for preparing students to become part of a modern society that is continuously bombarded with arguments that are derived from data-based decisions. In this regard, the teaching of statistics is a fundamental aspect of the mathematics curriculum at any educational level. Therefore, this study presents a systematic literature review of 36 articles that examine statistical literacy skills among students. Specifically, this study focused on identifying teaching methods that influence the development of statistical literacy among students. It was found that four dominant factors influence the development of statistical literacy among students: the learning environment, students’ attitude, teaching method, and students’ basic knowledge. Some studies have focused on students’ demographic factors, including their age, gender, and grade level; however, there are no conclusive findings on their role in influencing the development of statistical literacy. The study also revealed the three most common teaching methods in statistical literacy studies were teacher-centered teaching methods, student-centered teaching methods, and materials-based teaching. Out of these methods, materials-based teaching was the most commonly used to develop statistical literacy among students. Based on the findings, implications for teaching and learning statistics were discussed.
Students’ ontogenic obstacle on the topic of triangle and quadrilateral
Authors: Lutfi M K , Juandi D , Jupri A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research based on the students’ difficulty in solving problem in triangle and quadrilateral topic. The difficulties can be identified from the mistakes made by students when solving triangle and quadrilateral problems. It can be caused because of learning obstacle experienced by the students. The learning obstacle which was described on this research is only focused on ontogenic obstacle. The purpose of this research is to identify the ontogenic obstacle based on the mistakes of the students in topic of triangle and quadrilateral. This research used a qualitative approach. The research was conducted to 25 grade VII students in one of junior high schools in Sumedang and a teacher as participants. Furthermore, the students answered 5 questions in test given and then the researcher interviewed 3 students based on their answers on the test. The researcher analysed the data of this research by using triangulation method from data of students’ answer on the test given, also interview of the teacher and the students. The result of this research showed that the researcher identified the ontogenic obstacles experienced by the students on topic of triangle and quadrilateral. The first ontogenic obstacle is psychological ontogenic obstacle where the student were less interested to the learning process of triangle and quadrilateral topic. The second ontogenic obstacle is instrumental ontogenic obstacle where the student were mistaken to recognize the guideline line on the picture given, and the last ontogenic obstacle is conceptual ontogenic obstacle where the student did not understand the topic of quadrilateral well based on the learning experience of the student in measuring length and area.
Mathematical communication of junior high school student based on gender
Authors: Islami N N , Priatna N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mathematics communication skill is one of the important abilities that students must have. This study aims to explain how mathematical communication abilities female and male students in solving rectangles problem. The subject of this study was 6 students who already studied rectangles in the class. In this research, the researcher used a qualitative method. There were found that male students tend to solve problems by stated it into the sketch. While female students tend to solve problems by restating with their own language.