bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mTOR Signaling: The Interface Linking Cellular Metabolism and Hepatitis B Virus Replication
Authors: Wang Xueyu , Wei Zhiqiang , Jiang Yongfang , Meng Zhongji , Lu Mengji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that includes mTOR complex (mTORC) 1 and mTORC2. The mTOR pathway is activated in viral hepatitis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-induced hepatitis. Currently, chronic HBV infection remains one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. The unavailability of effective therapeutic strategies for HBV suggests that clarification of the pathogenesis of HBV infection is urgently required. Increasing evidence has shown that HBV infection can activate the mTOR pathway, indicating that HBV utilizes or hijacks the mTOR pathway to benefit its own replication. Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway might be a crucial target for controlling HBV infection. Here, we summarize and discuss the latest findings from model biology research regarding the interaction between the mTOR signaling pathway and HBV replication.
Immunity after COVID-19 and vaccination: follow-up study over 1 year among medical personnel
Authors: Glück Vivian , Grobecker Sonja , Köstler Josef , Tydykov Leonid , Bertok Manuela , Weidlich Tanja , Gottwald Christine , Salzberger Bernd , Wagner Ralf , Zeman Florian , Koller Michael , Gessner André , Schmidt Barbara , Glück Thomas , Peterhoff David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The long-term course of immunity among individuals with a history of COVID-19, in particular among those who received a booster vaccination, has not been well defined so far.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were measured by ELISA over 1 year among 136 health care workers infected during the first COVID-19 wave and in a subgroup after booster vaccination approximately 1 year later. Furthermore, spike-protein-reactive memory T cells were quantified approximately 7 months after the infection and after booster vaccination. Thirty healthy individuals without history of COVID-19 who were routinely vaccinated served as controls.

Results
Levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM- and IgA-antibodies showed a rapid decay over time, whereas IgG-antibody levels decreased more slowly. Among individuals with history of COVID-19, booster vaccination induced very high IgG- and to a lesser degree IgA-antibodies. Antibody levels were significantly higher after booster vaccination than after recovery from COVID-19. After vaccination with a two-dose schedule, healthy control subjects developed similar antibody levels as compared to individuals with history of COVID-19 and booster vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell counts did not correlate with antibody levels. None of the study participants suffered from a reinfection.

Conclusions
Booster vaccination induces high antibody levels in individuals with a history of COVID-19 that exceeds by far levels observed after recovery. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels of similar magnitude were achieved in healthy, COVID-19-naïve individuals after routine two-dose vaccination.
White paper on peanut allergy – part 1: Epidemiology, burden of disease, health economic aspects
Authors: Lange Lars , Klimek Ludger , Beyer Kirsten , Blümchen Katharina , Novak Natalija , Hamelmann Eckard , Bauer Andrea , Merk Hans , Rabe Uta , Jung Kirsten , Schlenter Wolfgang , Ring Johannes , Chaker Adam , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Becker Sven , Mülleneisen Norbert , Nemat Katja , Czech Wolfgang , Wrede Holger , Brehler Randolf , Fuchs Thomas , Jakob Thilo , Ankermann Tobias , Schmidt Sebastian M. , Gerstlauer Michael , Zuberbier Torsten , Spindler Thomas , Vogelberg Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeanuts are Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume or pea family, and peanut allergy is among the most common food allergies and the most common cause of fatal food reactions and anaphylaxis.The prevalence of peanut allergy increased 3.5-fold over the past two decades reaching 1.4–2% in Europe and the United States. The reasons for this increase in prevalence are likely multifaceted. Sensitization via the skin appears to be associated with the development of peanut allergy and atopic eczema in infancy is associated with a high risk of developing peanut allergy.Until recently, the only possible management strategy for peanut allergy was strict allergen avoidance and emergency treatment including adrenaline auto-injector in cases of accidental exposure and reaction.This paper discusses the various factors that impact the risks of peanut allergy and the burden of self-management on peanut-allergic children and their caregivers.
Experimental study on the adverse effect of gel fracturing fluid on gas sorption behavior for Illinois coal
Authors: Huang Qiming , Li Jun , Liu Shimin , Wang Gang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is an effective technology for coal reservoir stimulation. After fracturing operation and flowback, a fraction of fracturing fluid will be essentially remained in the formation which ultimately damages the flowability of the formation. In this study, we quantified the gel-based fracturing fluid induced damages on gas sorption for Illinois coal in US. We conducted the high-pressure methane and CO2 sorption experiments to investigate the sorption damage due to the gel residue. The infrared spectroscopy tests were used to analyze the evolution of the functional group of the coal during fracturing fluid treatment. The results show that there is no significant chemical reaction between the fracturing fluid and coal, and the damage of sorption is attributed to the physical blockage and interactions. As the concentration of fracturing fluid increases, the density of residues on the coal surface increases and the adhesion film becomes progressively denser. The adhesion film on coal can apparently reduce the number of adsorption sites for gas and lead to a decrease of gas sorption capacity. In addition, the gel residue can decrease the interconnectivity of pore structure of coal which can also limit the sorption capacity by isolating the gas from the potential sorption sites. For the low concentration of fracturing fluid, the Langmuir volume was reduced to less than one-half of that of raw coal. After the fracturing fluid invades, the desorption hysteresis of methane and CO2 in coal was found to be amplified. The impact on the methane desorption hysteresis is significantly higher than CO2 does. The reason for the increasing of hysteresis may be that the adsorption swelling caused by the residue adhered on the pore edge, or the pore blockage caused by the residue invasion under high gas pressure. The results of this study quantitatively confirm the fracturing fluid induced gas sorption damage on coal and provide a baseline assessment for coal fracturing fluid formulation and technology.
Comparative Effects of Individual and Consortia Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on Physiological and Enzymatic Mechanisms to Confer Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Nawaz Fahim , Hussain Muhammad Baqir , Ikram Rao Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMitigation strategies based on plant–microbe interactions to increase the performance of plants under water-deficit conditions are well documented. However, little is known about a suitable consortium of bacterial inoculants and underlying physiological and enzymatic events to improve drought tolerance in maize. We performed laboratory and pot experiments to understand the synergistic interactions among plant growth-promoting bacteria to alleviate the drought-induced damages in maize. Initially, ten bacterial strains were evaluated for their osmotic stress tolerance capacity by growing them in a media containing 0, 10, 20, and 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). Also, the seeds of a drought tolerant (NK-6654) and sensitive (SD-626) maize cultivar were inoculated with these bacterial strains in the first pot experiment to determine their effects on the growth and physiological processes. Later, in the second pot experiment, the best performing inoculants were selected to study the individual and synergistic effects of bacterial inoculation to confer drought tolerance in maize. Our findings showed that the inoculation with tolerant strains resulted in higher photosynthetic activity (25–39%), maintenance of leaf water status (14–18%) and pigments (27–32%), and stimulation of antioxidant machinery (28–38%) than no inoculation in water-stressed maize seedlings. Moreover, the treatment with bacteria consortia further stimulated the drought protective mechanisms and resulted in higher efficiency of photosynthetic (47–61%) and antioxidant systems (42–62%) than the individual inoculants under water-deficit conditions. We conclude that the inoculation with microbial consortia regulates water uptake, photosynthetic performance, and stress metabolites to minimize drought-induced damages in maize.
Metamodernism and Contemporary British Poetry
Authors: Rowland Antony 
Published: September 2021

This book discusses contemporary British poetry in the context of metamodernism. The author argues that the concept of metamodernist poetry helps to recalibrate the opposition between mainstream and innovative poetry, and he investigates whether a new generation of British poets can be accurately defined as metamodernist. Antony Rowland analyses the ways in which contemporary British poets such as Geoffrey Hill, J. H. Prynne, Geraldine Monk and Sandeep Parmar have responded to the work of modernist writers as diverse as T. S. Eliot, H. D. and Antonin Artaud, and what Theodor Adorno describes as the overall enigma of modern art.
Three candidate plurality is stablest for small correlations
Authors: Heilman Steven , Tarter Alex 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUsing the calculus of variations, we prove the following structure theorem for noise-stable partitions: a partition ofn-dimensional Euclidean space intomdisjoint sets of fixed Gaussian volumes that maximise their noise stability must be$(m-1)$-dimensional, if$m-1\leq n$. In particular, the maximum noise stability of a partition ofmsets in$\mathbb {R}^{n}$of fixed Gaussian volumes is constant for allnsatisfying$n\geq m-1$. From this result, we obtain:(i)A proof of the plurality is stablest conjecture for three candidate elections, for all correlation parameters$\rho $satisfying$0<\rho <\rho _{0}$, where$\rho _{0}>0$is a fixed constant (that does not depend on the dimensionn), when each candidate has an equal chance of winning.(ii)A variational proof of Borell’s inequality (corresponding to the case$m=2$).The structure theorem answers a question of De–Mossel–Neeman and of Ghazi–Kamath–Raghavendra. Item (i) is the first proof of any case of the plurality is stablest conjecture of Khot-Kindler-Mossel-O’Donnell for fixed$\rho $, with the case$\rho \to L1^{-}$being solved recently. Item (i) is also the first evidence for the optimality of the Frieze–Jerrum semidefinite program for solving MAX-3-CUT, assuming the unique games conjecture. Without the assumption that each candidate has an equal chance of winning in (i), the plurality is stablest conjecture is known to be false.
Molecular features ofProbopyrussp. (Isopoda: Bopyridae) from Brazilian Amazonia and the parasitism of inland populations ofMacrobrachium amazonicum(Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Authors: Pereira Rosa Ilana dos Santos , Maciel Cristiana Ramalho , Iketani Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBopyrid isopods of the genusProbopyrusare well-known parasites of freshwater prawns of the genusMacrobrachium. The parasitism of coastal populations ofMacrobrachium amazonicumbyProbopyrus bithynis, for example, has been documented since the late 1980s. Despite this, molecular data on different populations are not available for anyProbopyrusspecies. The present study is the first to describeProbopyruspopulations from distinct regions of the Amazon basin based on sequences of two genes, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase C subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) gene. The analyses indicated the presence of twoProbopyrusspecies, each parasitizing either the coastal or the inland populations ofM. amazonicum. The results indicated the potential use of the COI barcode for the identification ofProbopyrusspecies. We discuss the potential implications of the findings for the taxonomy ofProbopyrus bithynisand other species of the genusProbopyrus.
The priming effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study
Authors: Rothärmel Maud , Quesada Pierre , Husson Thomas , Harika-Germaneau Ghina , Nathou Clément , Guehl Julien , Dalmont Marine , Opolczynski Gaëlle , Miréa-Grivel Iris , Millet Bruno , Gérardin Emmanuel , Compère Vincent , Dollfus Sonia , Jaafari Nemat , Bénichou Jacques , Thill Caroline , Guillin Olivier , Moulier Virginie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, due to response delay and cognitive impairment, ECT remains an imperfect treatment. Compared to ECT, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is less effective at treating severe depression, but has the advantage of being quick, easy to use, and producing almost no side effects. In this study, our objective was to assess the priming effect of rTMS sessions before ECT on clinical response in patients with TRD.MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 56 patients with TRD were assigned to active or sham rTMS before ECT treatment. Five sessions of active/sham neuronavigated rTMS were administered over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (20 Hz, 90% resting motor threshold, 20 2 s trains with 60-s intervals, 800 pulses/session) before ECT (which was active for all patients) started. Any relative improvements were then compared between both groups after five ECT sessions, in order to assess the early response to treatment.ResultsAfter ECT, the active rTMS group exhibited a significantly greater relative improvement than the sham group [43.4% (28.6%) v. 25.4% (17.2%)]. The responder rate in the active group was at least three times higher. Cognitive complaints, which were assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, were higher in the sham rTMS group compared to the active rTMS group, but this difference was not corroborated by cognitive tests.ConclusionsrTMS could be used to enhance the efficacy of ECT in patients with TRD. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02830399.
Materia Medica Tocharo-Hvatanica
Authors: Dragoni Federico 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe two languages once spoken in the oases in the North of the Tarim basin, Tocharian A and B, have preserved many Iranian loanwords. These belong to different chronological layers and are of different dialectal origins. Whereas the oldest layers are now most likely seen as belonging to an unattested Old Iranian dialect, more recent layers have not yet been studied in detail. In this respect, the vocabulary of medical texts represents an important field of enquiry. Most terms come from Middle Indian, but a significant number are of Middle Iranian origin. This component, mostly ingredients and technical vocabulary, seems to be largely of Khotanese origin. The article introduces the material and examines possible scenarios for historical transmission and contact between the North and the South of the Tarim Basin.
Collocational knowledge in children: a comparison of English-speaking monolingual children, and children acquiring English as an Additional Language
Authors: RICHES Nick , LETTS Carolyn , AWAD Hadeel , RAMSEY Rachel , DĄBROWSKA Ewa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCollocations, e.g., apples and pears, hard worker, constitute an important avenue of linguistic enquiry straddling both grammar and the lexicon. They are sensitive to language experience, with adult L2 learners and children learning English as an Additional Language (EAL) exhibiting poor collocational knowledge. The current study piloted a novel collocational assessment with children (mean age 6;3, 40 monolingual, 32 EAL). It investigated (1) the feasibility of a collocational assessment at this age, (2) whether collocational knowledge is associated with other language domains (receptive grammar and vocabulary), and (3) whether collocational knowledge is more affected than other domains. The assessment demonstrated good psychometric properties and was highly correlated with performance in other domains, indicating shared psycholinguistic mechanisms. Unlike adult counterparts, the EAL children performed equally poorly across domains. Given the role played by collocations in vocabulary development and reading, a focus on this domain may be beneficial for EAL children.
Statistical estimation of container condensation in marine transportation between Far East Asia and Europe
Authors: Yuen Ping Chi , Sasa Kenji , Kawahara Hideo , Chen Chen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCondensation inside marine containers occurs during voyages owing to weather changes. In this study, we define the condensation probability along one of the major routes for container ships between Asia and Europe. First, the inside and outside air conditions were measured on land in Japan, and a correlation analysis was conducted to derive their relationship. Second, onboard measurements were conducted for 20,000 twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) ships to determine the variation in outside air conditions. Complicated patterns of weather change were observed with changes in latitude, sea area, and season. Third, condensation probability was estimated based on a multi-regression analysis with land and onboard measured data. The maximum condensation probability in westbound or eastbound voyages in winter was found to be approximately 50%. The condensation probability estimation method established in this study can contribute to the quantification of cargo damage risks for the planning of marine container transportation voyages.
Assimilation of X‐Band Phased‐Array Radar Data With EnKF for the Analysis and Warning Forecast of a Tornadic Storm
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhao Kun , Zhu Kefeng , Huang Hao , Lu Yinghui , Yang Zhengwei , Fu Peiling , Zhang Yu , Chen Binghong , Hu Dongming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe impact of assimilating China's operational X‐band Phased‐Array radar's (X‐PAR) data on the analysis and warning forecast of the vortex structure and intensity of the June 8, 2018 Foshan, Guangdong province, tornadic storm was investigated for the first time using an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) data assimilation system. Both radar radial velocity (Vr) and reflectivity (Z) from two S‐band operational radars and one X‐PAR were assimilated. Deterministic forecasts were launched every 6 min from 05:42 UTC (20 min before the tornado touched down) to 06:00 UTC from the EnKF mean analysis field. Five experiments were conducted to examine the added capability of Z assimilation of the EnKF system, and to investigate the impact of assimilating X‐PAR data on the analysis and prediction of the tornadic storm. Compared to the experiment without Z assimilation, the assimilation of Z reduced the analysis error and greatly reduced the forecast error of Z. The assimilation of X‐PAR data greatly improved the vortex structure of the tornadic storm at low levels, and improved the intensity of the rear inflow of the tornadic storm, especially with a higher assimilation frequency. Compared to the experiments without X‐PAR data assimilation, assimilating X‐PAR data improved the predictability of tornadic storm.
Review of Data Science Trends and Issues in Porous Media Research With a Focus on Image‐Based Techniques
Authors: Rabbani A. , Fernando A. M. , Shams R. , Singh A. , Mostaghimi P. , Babaei M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractData science as a flourishing interdisciplinary domain of computer and mathematical sciences is playing an important role in guiding the porous material research streams. In the present narrative review, we have examined recent trends and issues in data‐driven methods used in the image‐based porous material research studies relevant to water resources researchers and scientists. Initially, the recent trends in porous material data‐related issues have been investigated through search engine queries in terms of data source, data storage hub, programing languages, and software packages. Subsequent to a diligent analysis of the existing trends, a review of the common concepts of porous material research and data science are presented through six categories comprising big data, data regression, classification, image segmentation, geometry reconstruction, and image data resolution. We provide: (a) a focus on image‐based and pore scale methods which has not been presented previously, (b) a detailed search engine research for trend investigation, and (c) practical examples and comparison of data storage in porous media image‐based research. By reading this review article, an overall image of the active and popular interdisciplinary research domains can be obtained. Readers will also be informed of the latest data‐driven efforts and recommended research directions for tackling the image‐based porous material problems relevant to water resources research. We concluded that porous material image reconstruction and resolution improvement techniques are unique means to reveal unprecedented details of micro‐structures that may have been missed in a medium quality tomography image.
Metamorphic Facies and Deformation Fabrics Diagnostic of Subduction: Insights From 2D Numerical Models
Authors: Regorda Alessandro , Spalla Maria Iole , Roda Manuel , Lardeaux Jean‐Marc , Marotta Anna Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe developed a 2D numerical model that simulates the evolution of a subduction in order to analyze which different metamorphic facies and deformation fabrics can be recorded within a subduction complex and whether the subduction velocity can influence their distribution. Regions with pressure and temperature (P‐T) conditions characteristic of different metamorphic facies have been explored in the different domains of the subduction system to verify the existence of associations that may result as diagnostic of specific areas of the subduction system at different times. Distribution patterns of strain rates and relative deformation fabrics have also been investigated to verify whether they can be recorded under different metamorphic facies conditions. Our results show that three domains characterized by contrasting metamorphic conditions can be simultaneously observed in different regions of the subduction complex, in contrast with the widespread idea that different metamorphic series are representative of peculiar geodynamic scenarios, but in agreement with the commonly observed coexistence of contrasted P‐T conditions in orogenic belts. In addition, we verified that mylonitic fabrics can develop more frequently in metamorphic facies characterized by high Pressure/Temperature (P/T) ratios, while coronitic fabric can be better preserved in metamorphic facies with low‐to‐medium P/T ratios.