bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving measurement of harms from others' drinking: Using item‐response theory to scale harms from others' heavy drinking in 10 countries
Authors: Grittner Ulrike , Bloomfield Kim , Kuntsche Sandra , Callinan Sarah , Stanesby Oliver , Gmel Gerhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe heavy drinking of others may negatively affect an individual on several dimensions of life. Until now, there is scarce research about how to judge the severity of various experiences of such harms. This study aims to empirically scale the severity of such harm items and to determine who is at most risk of these harms.MethodsWe used population‐based survey data from 10 countries of the GENAHTO project (Gender and Alcohol's Harms to Others, data collection: 2011–2016). Questions about harms from others' drinking asked about verbal and physical harm, damage of belongings, traffic accidents, harassment, threatening behaviour, family and financial problems. We used item response theory methods (IRT) to scale severity of the aforementioned items. To acknowledge culturally based variations in different countries, we assessed ‘differential item functioning’.ResultsThe items ‘family problems’, ‘financial problems’ and ‘clothes and property damage’ as well as ‘physical harm’ were scaled as more severe in most countries compared to other items. Substantial differential item functioning was present in more than half of the country pairings. The item ‘financial problems’ was most often differentially scaled. Younger people who drank more, as well as women (compared to men), reported more harm.Discussion and ConclusionsUsing IRT, we were able to evaluate grades of severity in harms from others' drinking. IRT scaling yielded in similar rankings of items as reported from other studies. However, empirical scaling allows for more differentiated severity scaling than simple summary scores and is more sensitive to cultural differences.
Consensus report: Definition and interpretation of remission in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Riddle Matthew C. , Cefalu William T. , Evans Philip H. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Nauck Michael A. , Oh William K. , Rothberg Amy E. , le Roux Carel W. , Rubino Francesco , Schauer Philip , Taylor Roy , Twenefour Douglas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImprovement of glucose levels into the normal range can occur in some people living with diabetes, either spontaneously or after medical interventions, and in some cases can persist after withdrawal of glucose‐lowering pharmacotherapy. Such sustained improvement may now be occurring more often due to newer forms of treatment. However, terminology for describing this process and objective measures for defining it are not well established, and the long‐term risks versus benefits of its attainment are not well understood. To update prior discussions of this issue, an international expert group was convened by the American Diabetes Association to propose nomenclature and principles for data collection and analysis, with the goal of establishing a base of information to support future clinical guidance. This group proposed “remission” as the most appropriate descriptive term, and HbA1c <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) measured at least 3 months after cessation of glucose‐lowering pharmacotherapy as the usual diagnostic criterion. The group also made suggestions for active observation of individuals experiencing a remission and discussed further questions and unmet needs regarding predictors and outcomes of remission.
A new phenomenological creep residual strength model for the life prediction of the laminated composites
Authors: Samareh‐Mousavi Seyed Sina , Taheri‐Behrooz Fathollah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFiber‐reinforced plastics have extensive applications in advanced industries in which the material is subjected to long time sustained loadings that stimulates time‐dependent damage development in laminated composites. In the present article, a new phenomenological residual strength model is proposed for unidirectional composites under sustained loading. A normalization technique is suggested, which accumulates the spread residual strength data, and a power‐law model is developed to describe the normalized residual strength data under arbitrary states of stress and sustained times. Accelerated creep experiments were performed on T300/L20 carbon/epoxy unidirectional laminates. The residual strength data of tested T300/L20 unidirectional laminates and available data in the literature for Kevlar/epoxy and S‐glass/epoxy strands are used to examine the model predictions. It is shown that the presented normalization procedure is an effective way for modeling the residual strength of unidirectional composites, and the model can discriminate the rate of damage growth under various stress states.
Clinical features and genetic defect in six index patients with congenital fibrinogen disorders: Three novel mutations with one common mutation in Taiwan's population
Authors: Shen Ming‐Ching , Wang Jiaan‐Der , Tsai Woei , Lin Ching‐Yeh , Lin Jen‐Shiou , Kuo Su‐Feng , Lin Po‐Te , Huang Ying‐Chih , Hung Mei‐Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionCongenital fibrinogen disorders (CFDs) are caused by mutations in fibrinogen‐encoding genes, FGA, FGB, and FGG, which lead to quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of fibrinogen. Although the diagnosis of CFDs is based on antigenic and functional level of fibrinogen, few genotypes are clearly correlated with phenotype.MethodsIn this study, we investigated all of the referred patients diagnosed as CFDs in Taiwan's population between 1995 and 2020. Clinical features, laboratory data and genetic defects were analysed. Functional fibrinogen level was determined by the Clauss method. Antigenic fibrinogen was measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Fibrinogen genes were assessed for mutations by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.ResultsA total of 18 patients from six unrelated families with CFDs were identified. One patient from a consanguineous family was diagnosed as afibrinogenemia type 1A with a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in FGB exon 4. The other five (83.3 %) index patients were all diagnosed as dysfibrinogenemia type 3A caused by two novel and one known mutation. Six (33.3 %) patients from three families had a novel mutation in FGB exon 8. The clinical features and laboratory data were highly variable among these patients with the same mutation.ConclusionsThree novel mutations of CFDs causing afibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia were identified. The point mutation in FGB exon 8 is also a common mutation in Taiwan's population. Considerable phenotypic variability among the patients with an identical mutation was observed.
Comparison between isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) for analysing the carbon isotope ratio and detection of adulteration in coconut water
Authors: Meepho Sang‐Arun , Kamdee Kiattipong , Saengkorakot Chakrit , Thapprathum Phornthip , Judprasong Kunchit 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis study investigated the carbon isotope ratio (¹³C/¹²C, δ13C in unit of parts per thousand or per mill, ‰) of different coconut water samples using elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA‐IRMS) and combustion module cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CM‐CRDS). Natural coconut water from young coconuts from 12 provinces in Thailand (n = 94), adulterated coconut water containing three sweeteners (sucrose, glucose and fructose) at different concentrations and eight brands of commercial coconut water were analysed. The δ13C of all samples were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the EA‐IRMS and CM‐CRDS analyses. The natural coconut water (C3 plant) had δ13C ranging from −21.58‰ to −27.79‰ (mean −24.64 ± 0.91‰). Three sweeteners (C4 plant) contained δ13C between −11.46‰ to −13.16‰. The use of δ13C determination can detect adulteration of a singular extraneous sweetener (either glucose or sucrose) down to a level of 2% of adulteration. For the detected δ13C values of commercial products labelled as ‘no added sugar’, about 50% of products were adulterated. This study demonstrates that CM‐CRDS can be used as an alternative analytical platform to EA‐IRMS for detecting adulterated products, especially coconut water.
The Cartagena refugee definition and nationality‐based discrimination in Mexican refugee status determination
Authors: Sánchez Nájera Felipe , Freier Luisa Feline 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMexico's Refugee Law of 2011 has been praised as exceptionally progressive. A core aspect of the new law is the inclusion of an expanded refugee definition derived from the Cartagena Declaration. Nonetheless, it has also been pointed out that implementation gaps persist between Mexico's laws and policy practice. In this paper, we analyse in how far Mexico has applied the Cartagena definition to allegeable asylum seekers. Based on the analysis of a representative sample of 565 Refugee Status Determination (RSD) resolutions, we identify patterns in the country's RSD procedure from 2011 to 2016. On the one hand, we find a 98 per cent recognition rate, under the Cartagena refugee definition, for Venezuelan asylum seekers; on the other hand, a lack of application of the Cartagena definition to Central Americans. We discuss how our findings relate to broader problems associated with the RSD procedure in Latin America, and provide policy recommendations.
Heating rate effects on the thermal and mechanical properties of ZrB2
Authors: Neuman Eric W. , Thompson Matthew J. , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZirconium diboride ceramics were densified by hot pressing and spark plasma sintering with heating rates varying from 5 to 300℃/min. Slower heating rates produced larger grains due to the longer times spent at temperatures between 1500 and 1900℃, which is the temperature range in which ZrB2 grains coarsen. Heating rates above 50℃/min resulted in rapid densification, but this led to the retention of up to 3.3 vol.% of ZrO2 particles in the ceramics. After densification, changes to the microstructure were evaluated to interpret the effects of heating rate on thermal and mechanical properties. The flexure strength of ceramics processed by hot pressing up to 80℃/min was proportional to the inverse square root of the maximum grain size based on the Griffith criteria. Conversely, densification by spark plasma sintering, which had heating rates of up to 300℃/min, resulted in microcracks that decreased the elastic modulus from >500 GPa for pristine specimens to <485 GPa for microcracked materials. The use of heating rates >20℃/min also reduced the thermal conductivity due to the presence of retained ZrO2, but improved the strength by reducing the maximum grain size.
Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness coexists with lipoprotein lipase gene mutation‐associated severe hyperlipidemia that was resistant to fenofibrate and atorvastatin, but sensitive to bezafibrate: A case report
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Chen Yongyong , Tong Nanwei , Shao Qing , Zhou Yueyang , Mu Tong , Yang Xiaoling , Zhang Yuwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaternally inherited diabetes and deafness is a rare genetic disease mainly caused by a point mutation in mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. Lipoprotein lipase gene mutations are associated with familial dyslipidemias, which are difficult to manage. We reported for the first time a case that had both maternally inherited diabetes and severe hyperlipidemia caused by lipoprotein lipase gene mutation (C.347(exon3)G>C) that was resistant to fenofibrate and atorvastatin. We were able to manage the patient’s hyperlipidemia with bezafibrate, and her diabetes was well controlled with insulin. In conclusion, genetic testing is helpful in identifying rare and interesting cases when clinicians suspect inheritable diseases. Additionally, when one fibrate drug is ineffective in treating hyperlipidemia, it might be worthwhile trying another fibrate.
The mediating role of functionality orientation for purchasing remanufactured products: Cases in China, Indonesia, and Thailand
Authors: Chinen Kenichiro , Matsumoto Mitsutaka , McQuitty Shaun , Kojima Michikazu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractManufacturers face several obstacles when marketing remanufactured products (RMPs), and therefore must appeal to consumers’ motivational desires to influence their purchase decisions. Informed by regulatory focus theory, this research contributes by examining the role that consumers’ environmental awareness and functionality orientation play in influencing their willingness to purchase RMPs. Limited research attention has been paid to the importance of consumers’ functionality orientations. The critical attributes of functionality orientation are perceptions of functionality, value, and relative pricing. Potential consumers of remanufactured automobile parts in China, Indonesia, and Thailand are surveyed and the data suggest consumers’ functionality orientations can partially mediate the relationship between consumers’ environmental awareness and their willingness to purchase RMPs. This finding indicates that remanufacturers can increase consumers’ willingness to purchase RMPs by informing them of the products’ benefits for the environment and by demonstrating and confirming that RMPs have the same functionality as new products. This research improves understanding of how firms can influence consumer perceptions of RMPs, and the findings can be used to inform practitioners who seek to optimize the value proposition of RMPs by informing consumers about the environmental benefits and functionality of RMPs.
Preface: Cholinergic mechanisms
Authors: Anglister Lili , Silman Israel , Soreq Hermona 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry, entitled “Cholinergic Mechanisms,” presents 15 reviews and two original papers, which have been selected to cover the broad spectrum of topics and disciplines presented at the XVIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM‐XVI), ranging from the molecular and the cellular to the clinical and the cognitive mechanisms of cholinergic transmission. The authors discuss recent developments in the field, for instance, the association of cholinergic transmission with a number of important neurological and neuromuscular diseases in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone and kisspeptin: It takes two to tango
Authors: Duittoz Anne , Cayla Xavier , Fleurot Renaud , Lehnert Jonas , Khadra Anmar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKisspeptin (Kp), a family of peptides comprising products of the Kiss1 gene, was discovered 20 years ago; it is recognised as the major factor controlling the activity of the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones and thus the activation of the reproductive axis in mammals. It has been widely documented that the effects of Kp on reproduction through its action on GnRH neurones are mediated by the GPR54 receptor. Kp controls the activation of the reproductive axis at puberty, maintains reproductive axis activity in adults and is involved in triggering ovulation in some species. Although there is ample evidence coming from both conditional knockout models and conditional‐induced Kp neurone death implicating the Kp/GPR54 pathway in the control of reproduction, the mechanism(s) underlying this process may be more complex than a sole direct control of GnRH neuronal activity by Kp. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances made in elucidating the interplay between Kp‐ and GnRH‐ neuronal networks with respect to regulating the reproductive axis. We highlight the existence of a possible mutual regulation between GnRH and Kp neurones, as well as the implication of Kp‐dependent volume transmission in this process. We also discuss the capacity of heterodimerisation between GPR54 and GnRH receptor (GnRH‐R) and its consequences on signalling. Finally, we illustrate the role of mathematical modelling that accounts for the synergy between GnRH‐R and GPR54 in explaining the role of these two receptors when defining GnRH neuronal activity and GnRH pulsatile release.
An expert consensus report on the clinical use of the Vycross® hyaluronic acid VYC‐25 L filler
Authors: Segurado María A. , Urdiales‐Gálvez Fernando , Benítez Paula A. , Carrasco Sara , Díaz Iratxe , Escoda Nuria , Farollch‐Prats Lisandro , Figueiredo Vitor , Ortíz Francisco , Sebastián María Consuelo , Uva Luís 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe portfolio of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers and the techniques of administration have evolved in recent years. The latest innovation in the Vycross® range was the introduction of VYC‐25L (Juvéderm Volux®; Allergan plc), a first‐in‐class filler effective for chin and facial lower third remodeling. The aim here was to provide clinicians who are starting to use VYC‐25L with key advice, and to standardize procedures so that optimal and predictable outcomes can be obtained.MethodsA multidisciplinary group of experts in esthetic medicine from Spain and Portugal reviewed the properties, treatment paradigms, administration techniques, and potential complications of VYC‐25L, on the basis of which they drafted consensus recommendations for its clinical use.ResultsThe consensus panel provided specific recommendations focusing on the patient profile, dose, administration techniques, and the complications of VYC‐25L and their management. The panel identified five different profiles of patients who may benefit from VYC‐25L, and they drafted recommendations aimed to facilitate the treatment of these patients, namely, microgenia (women/men), masculinization (men), rejuvenation (women/men), facial laxity (women/men), and submental convexity (women/men). In terms of their safety, no specific recommendations were made beyond those established for other HA fillers.ConclusionsThe evolution of esthetic medicine makes it necessary to update the clinical recommendations that guide patient assessment and treatment with the new HA fillers developed. The current consensus document addresses relevant issues related to the use of VYC‐25L on different types of patient, in an attempt to standardize procedures and help specialists obtain predictable results.
How emergency nurses cope and motivate themselves to sustain their caring work: An integrative literature review
Authors: Rantung Gilny , Griffiths Debra , Plummer Virginia , Moss Cheryle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this integrative review was to assess how emergency nurses cope and motivate themselves to sustain their caring work.BackgroundThe need to enhance sustainability of the workforce creates a demand to consolidate contemporary evidence related to emergency nurses’ motivations, how they cope and sustain themselves for caring work.Design and methodsThe integrative literature review informed by Whittemore and Knafl involved searching four databases, which yielded 977 published research papers (2008–2021). A total of 33 studies met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. The PRISMA checklist for review was followed.ResultsNo studies addressing all three areas (motivations, coping and caring sustainability) together were identified. Integration of evidence from quantitative and qualitative research was achieved in three categories: (1) emergency nurses’ motivations to sustain their work, (2) emergency nurses’ coping strategies and (3) sustaining care as emergency nurses.ConclusionTo sustain themselves in caring work, emergency nurses need to be intrinsically and extrinsically motivated and know how to cope effectively with stressors and work demands. There is need for research examining the relationships between these aspects of emergency nursing work.Relevance to clinical practiceTo ensure the sustainability of emergency nurses’ work and careers understanding of the factors that influence and sustain their motivations and coping strategies is important for nurses and their clinical leaders and managers.
Increased afternoon step count increases heart rate variability in patients with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Nakayama Natsuki , Miyachi Masahiko , Tamakoshi Koji , Morikawa Shuji , Negi Koji , Watanabe Koji , Moriwaki Yoshimi , Hirai Makoto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe present study investigated whether morning or afternoon activity is more effective at increasing the high‐frequency (HF) index, a parasympathetic index, in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.BackgroundA decreased HF index, a heart rate variability (HRV) parameter, is a well‐established marker of poor cardiovascular prognosis. Because blood pressure and sympathetic tone are higher in the morning, physical activity and exercise in the afternoon has been recommended for patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, there have been no reports concerning the superior effects of afternoon exercise on parasympathetic activity and sleep.DesignThis observational study was a post hoc comparison.MethodsPatients’ physical activity was measured for 1 month to determine their habits. Patients’ HF index was measured by 24‐h Holter electrocardiography. The study enrolled 56 patients. Each patient’s morning step count (before lunch) and afternoon step count (between lunch and dinner) were compared. We adhered to the STROBE guidelines in the present study.ResultsThirty‐one patients took more steps in the morning, and 25 patients took more steps in the afternoon. The present study showed that those who took more steps in the afternoon had a significantly higher HF index during the first hour after sleep onset and during sleep than those who took more steps in the morning (p = .003, .047).ConclusionsThe present study showed that those who took more steps in the afternoon had a significantly higher HF index during the first hour after sleep onset and a higher HF index during sleep than those who took more steps in the morning.Relevance to clinical practiceExercise in the afternoon may improve the prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease by not only preventing excessive blood pressure, afterload, and sympathetic tone but also positively influencing the parasympathetic system and sleep.