bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Fibrinolysis during and after Surgery
Authors: Colomina Maria J. , Méndez Esther , Sabate Antoni 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMajor surgery induces hemostatic changes related to surgical stress, tissue destruction, and inflammatory reactions. These changes involve a shift of volume from extravascular space to intravascular and interstitial spaces, a “physiologic” hemodilution of coagulation proteins, and an increase of plasmatic fibrinogen concentration and platelets. Increases in fibrinogen and platelets together with a simultaneous dilution of pro- and anticoagulant factors and development of a hypofibrinolytic status result in a postoperative hypercoagulable state. This profile is accentuated in more extensive surgery, but the balance can shift toward hemorrhagic tendency in specific types of surgeries, for example, in prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass or in patients with comorbidities, especially liver diseases, sepsis, and hematological disorders. Also, acquired coagulopathy can develop in patients with trauma, during obstetric complications, and during major surgery as a result of excessive blood loss and subsequent consumption of coagulation factors as well as hemodilution. In addition, an increasing number of patients receive anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs preoperatively that might influence the response to surgical hemostasis. This review focuses on those situations that may change normal hemostasis and coagulation during surgery, producing both hyperfibrinolysis and hypofibrinolysis, such as overcorrection with coagulation factors, bleeding and hyperfibrinolysis that may occur with extracorporeal circulation and high aortic-portal-vena cava clamps, and hyperfibrinolysis related to severe maintained hemodynamic disturbances. We also evaluate the role of tranexamic acid for prophylaxis and treatment in different surgical settings, and finally the value of point-of-care testing in the operating room is commented with regard to investigation of fibrinolysis.
Maxillofacial Bony Considerations in Facial Transplantation
Authors: Vincent Aurora G. , Gunter Anne E. , Ducic Yadranko , Reddy Likith 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlloplastic facial transplantation has become a new rung on the proverbial reconstructive ladder for severe facial wounds in the past couple of decades. Since the first transfer including bony components in 2006, numerous facial allotransplantations across many countries have been successfully performed, many incorporating multiple bony elements of the face. There are many unique considerations to facial transplantation of bone, however, beyond the considerations of simple soft tissue transfer. Herein, we review the current literature and considerations specific to bony facial transplantation focusing on the pertinent surgical anatomy, preoperative planning needs, intraoperative harvest and inset considerations, and postoperative protocols.
Investigating the Scientific ‘Infodemic’ Phenomenon Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Balkányi László , Lukács Lajos , Cornet Ronald 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The study aims at understanding the structural characteristics and content features of COVID-19 literature and public health data from the perspective of the ‘Language and Meaning in Biomedicine’ Working Group (LaMB WG) of IMIA. The LaMB WG has interest in conceptual characteristics, transparency, comparability, and reusability of medical information, both in science and practice.
Methods: A set of methods were used (i) investigating the overall speed and dynamics of COVID-19 publications; (ii) characterizing the concepts of COVID-19 (text mining, visualizing a semantic map of related concepts); (iii) assessing (re)usability and combinability of data sets and paper collections (as textual data sets), and checking if information is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). A further method tested practical usability of FAIR requirements by setting up a common data space of epidemiological, virus genetics and governmental public health measures’ stringency data of various origin, where complex data points were visualized as scatter plots.
Results: Never before were that many papers and data sources dedicated to one pandemic. Worldwide research shows a plateau at ∼ 2,200 papers per week – the dynamics of areas of studies being slightly different. Ratio of epidemic modelling is rather low (∼1%). A few ‘language and meaning’ methods, such as using integrated terminologies, applying data and metadata standards for processing epidemiological and case-related clinical information and in general, principles of FAIR data handling could contribute to better results, such as improved interoperability and meaningful knowledge sharing in a virtuous cycle of continuous improvements.
Unexpected Term Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admissions and a Potential Role for Centralized Remote Fetal Monitoring
Authors: Martin Jane K. , Price-Haywood Eboni G. , Gastanaduy Mariella M. , Fort Daniel G. , Ford Mary K. , Peterson Sydney P. , Biggio Joseph R. 
Published: April 2021

Objective Centralized remote fetal monitoring (CRFM) has been proposed as a method to improve the performance of intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring and perinatal outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether CRFM was associated with a reduction in unexpected term neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions.
Study Design A pre–post design was used to examine the effectiveness of CRFM which was implemented in stages across five hospitals. The exposure group was all women who underwent intrapartum monitoring via CRFM. The unexposed group was of women who delivered at the same hospitals prior to implementation of CRFM. Pregnancies with expected NICU admissions, gestational age <37 weeks, birth weight <2,500 g, or major fetal anomalies detected prenatally were excluded. The primary outcome was unexpected term NICU admission; secondary outcomes were cesarean and operative vaginal delivery (OVD), and 5-minute Apgar's score of <7 rates. Maternal and delivery characteristics were examined with Student's t, Wilcoxon's, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to control for potential confounders.
Results There were 19,392 live births included in this analysis. In the univariable analysis, the odds of unexpected term NICU admission was lower among the CRFM exposed group compared with the unexposed group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–0.99; p = 0.038). In multivariable analysis, this did not reach statistical significance (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.79–1.06; p = 0.24). Cesarean and OVD were less likely in the exposed group (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.97; p = 0.008) and (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59–0.83, p < 0.001), respectively, in univariable analysis. When adjusted for potential confounders, the effect remained statistically significant for cesarean delivery (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.98; p = 0.012). When adjusted for hospital, OVD rate was lower at the highest volume and highest acuity site (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.36–0.65, p < 0.001).
Conclusion In some practice settings, utilization of a CRFM system may decrease the risk of unexpected term NICU admission, cesarean, and OVD rate.
Key Points
Aspirin Responsiveness at a Dose of 80 mg and Its Impact on Birth Weight when Used in Twin Pregnancies: The GAP Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Carpentier Caroline , Guerby Paul , Camiré Bruno , Tapp Sylvie , Boutin Amélie , Bujold Emmanuel 
Published: April 2021

Objective Daily aspirin, started in the first trimester of pregnancy, is commonly used for the prevention of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in multiple gestation. However, the optimal dose remains controversial and the evidence for the use of aspirin in multiple pregnancies is scarce. We aimed to estimate the impact of 80 mg of aspirin in twin pregnancies.
Study Design We performed a pilot double-blind randomized trial of women with twin pregnancies recruited between 8 and 14 weeks of gestation. Fifty participants (25 in each group) were randomized to 80 mg of aspirin daily at bedtime or a placebo from randomization until 36 weeks of gestation. Primary and secondary outcomes included the birth weight of live infants, preeclampsia, and aspirin responsiveness evaluated by a platelet aggregation test (platelet function assay [PFA]-100).
Results All participants were followed until birth, including 48 and 47 live newborns in the aspirin and the placebo groups, respectively. The mean birth weight difference between the aspirin (2,385 ± 529 g) and placebo (2,224 ± 706 g) groups was of 179 g (95% confidence interval [CI]: −172–531 g, p = 0.32). We observed two (8%) cases of preeclampsia in the aspirin group and no case with placebo (p = 0.49). Most importantly,16 of 24 participants who received aspirin (67%; 95% CI: 45–84%) had a normal PFA-100 test at 22 to 23 weeks, including the two cases of preeclampsia, suggesting that the majority of the participants were nonresponsive to 80 mg of aspirin.
Conclusion Our results suggest that the majority of women with twin pregnancies showed a lack of response to a daily dose of 80 mg of aspirin according to the PFA-100 test, compared with the expected 29% of nonresponsiveness in singleton pregnancies. A daily dose of 80 mg of aspirin is likely to be insufficient for the prevention of preeclampsia and other placenta-mediated complications in twin pregnancies.
Key Points
Asthma Medication Regimens in Pregnancy: Longitudinal Changes in Asthma Status
Authors: Rohn Matthew C.H. , Stevens Danielle R. , Kanner Jenna , Nobles Carrie , Chen Zhen , Grantz Katherine L. , Sherman Seth , Grobman William A. , Kumar Rajesh , Biggio Joseph , Mendola Pauline 
Published: April 2021

Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of common asthma medication regimens on asthma symptoms, exacerbations, lung function, and inflammation during pregnancy.
Study Design A total of 311 women with asthma were enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort. Asthma medication regimen was categorized into short-acting β agonist (SABA) alone, SABA + inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), SABA + ICS + long-acting β agonist (LABA), and no asthma medications (reference). We evaluated asthma control at enrollment (< 15 weeks' gestation) and its change into trimesters 2 and 3, including per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (%PEF), pulse oximetry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), asthma symptoms (asthma attacks/month, night symptoms/week), and severe exacerbations. Linear mixed models adjusted for site, age, race, annual income, gestational age, body mass index, and smoking, and propensity scores accounted for asthma control status at baseline.
Results Women taking SABA + ICS and SABA + ICS + LABA had better first trimester %PEF (83.5% [75.7–91.3] and 84.6% [76.9–92.3], respectively) compared with women taking no asthma medications (72.7% [66.0–79.3]). Women taking SABA + ICS + LABA also experienced improvements in %FEV1 (+11.1%, p < 0.01) in the third trimester and FeNO in the second (−12.3 parts per billion [ppb], p < 0.01) and third (−11.0 ppb, p < 0.01) trimesters as compared with the trajectory of women taking no medications. SABA + ICS use was associated with increased odds of severe exacerbations in the first (odds ratio [OR]: 2.22 [1.10–4.46]) and second (OR: 3.15 [1.11–8.96]) trimesters, and SABA + ICS + LABA use in the second trimester (OR: 7.89 [2.75–21.47]). Women taking SABA alone were similar to those taking no medication.
Conclusion Pregnant women taking SABA + ICS and SABA + ICS + LABA had better lung function in the first trimester. SABA + ICS + LABA was associated with improvements in lung function and inflammation across gestation. However, both the SABA + ICS and SABA + ICS + LABA groups had a higher risk of severe exacerbation during early to mid-pregnancy.
Key Points
Opposition behaviour against the third wave of autocratisation: Hungary and Poland compared
Authors: Ilonszki Gabriella , Dudzińska Agnieszka 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHungary and Poland are often placed in the same analytical framework from the period of their ‘negotiated revolutions’ to their autocratic turn. This article aims to look behind this apparent similarity focusing on opposition behaviour. The analysis demonstrates that the executive–parliament power structure, the vigour of the extra-parliamentary actors, and the opposition party frame have the strongest influence on opposition behaviour, and they provide the sources of difference between the two country cases: in Hungary an enforced power game and in Poland a political game constrain opposition opportunities and opposition strategic behaviour.
The development of small-scale freshwater aquaculture in Mozambique.
Authors: Mapfumo Blessing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This case study is based on information collected by the author during a visit to Mozambique in November 2008 and May 2009 as part of a scoping study by INFOSA for the Mozambique Small-scale Aquaculture Development Plan. The work involved collaboration with the Institute of Aquaculture Development in Mozambique (INAQUA). INFOSA currently has training and capacity building programmes for small-scale fisheries and aquaculture in Mozambique. Although aquaculture in Mozambique is in its infancy, the cultivation of freshwater species such as tilapias has been in existence for many years. The country has over 60 major rivers in addition to lakes, dams and freshwater lagoons and is dominated by a tropical climate. Potential for mariculture along the Indian Ocean has also been investigated for many years. Small-scale freshwater aquaculture in Mozambique is dominated by many fish farmers with small ponds averaging about 200 m2 in area. Production is generally low, subsistence oriented, and integrated with some form of agriculture. During the author's visit to many parts of the country in 2008, it was noted that there is generally huge interest amongst many farmers in taking aquaculture more seriously by operating it as a small business for income generation as well as for household food production. Assistance from the government has often come in various forms, but mainly through training and extension services offered by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Institute of Aquaculture Development in Mozambique (INAQUA), which falls under the Ministry of Fisheries. A few organized fish farmers have received direct financial support for the construction and management of fish ponds from the government. Non-governmental organizations and intergovernmental organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have been of great assistance in the past. Now that the regulatory framework for the development of aquaculture in Mozambique is in place, the government, through INAQUA is concentrating much on building strategies to improve production, especially among smallholder farmers. Part of the strategy involves organizing the individually scattered farmers, by district, into clusters and then trying to create larger, central farms that will act as drivers to these smallholder farmers. In addition, the government has accelerated its efforts to lure potential investors into supporting the developing aquaculture sector. This is in line with the FAO's Special Programme for Aquaculture Development in Africa (SPADA). A number of constraints to the development of aquaculture in Mozambique have been identified; poor infrastructure, and the requirements for training and capacity building, access to finance, and research and development. Other factors include poor coordination between the institutions, market access and a lack of planning strategies.
La pisciculture dans le centre-ouest et le Sud-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire: situation actuelle et enjeux de l'encadrement technique par l'ONG APDRACI.
Authors: Blé Célestin M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Fish farming in the center and south-west of Côte d'Ivoire is enjoying undeniable success. The high proportion of new installations (272 fish farmers for a total water surface of 211 hectares) and the improvement in production (this increased from 125 tonnes to 243 tonnes from 1998 to 2003) which continues to grow reflects the adoption of the extensive model by fish farmers. The Association Pisciculture et Développement Rural en Afrique Tropical Humid, France (APDRA-F), with the support of the Catholic Committee against Hunger and for Development (CCFD) and the Association Française des Volontaires du Progrès (AFVP) will have contributed, thanks to the Center-Ouest Piscicole Project (PPCO), to this development. This dynamic is now supported by the Association Pisciculture et Développement Rural en Afrique Tropical Humid, Côte d'Ivoire (APDRA-CI), whose major challenge remains the promotion and development of fish farming through efficient technical supervision in all regions of the Ivory Coast.
A case study of Hangere integrated agriculture-aquaculture farm in Malawi.
Authors: Kamtambe Kingsley M , Kang'ombe Jeremiah , Kaunda Emmanuel Kw 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The case study was undertaken to assess performance and sustainability of Hangere Agriculture-Aquaculture Integrated Farm. Data was collected during a seven-day visit at the farm (carried out on 7-14 June 2009), using a semi-structured questionnaire with open ended questions and a study of farm records and cash flows. Direct observations of farm operations were also reported. Hangere integrated agriculture-aquaculture farm is located in Mzuzu City, Mzimba District, Malawi and belongs to 37-year-old Mrs Liness Chavula. The farm has a total land holding of approximately 13 ha. Of this area, only 2.2 ha are used for aquaculture with three drainable ponds with a total area of 1804 m2. Of the remaining area, 4 ha are used for maize cultivation, 1.5 ha for growing sweet potatoes, and 1 ha is used for vegetables, including cassava and Rhodes grass Chloris gayana. The farm holds Tilapia rendalli and Oreochromis karongae in polyculture and Clarias gariepinus in monoculture. The fish are fed formulated diets and the ponds are fertilized with livestock manure. The fish are harvested three times yearly and are sold to wholesalers and retail with prices of K450/kg (US $3.21) and K500/kg (US $3.5), respectively. Pigs, goats and a dairy cow are also kept on the farm. In 2008 the farm made a profit of K289,000 (US $2,064), from the sale of field crops, livestock and fish. Of the K289,000 of profit, K100,000 (US $714) came from fish sales while K70,000 (US $500) came from maize sales, K28,000 (US $200) from pig sales and K50,000 (US $357) from sweet potatoes. The farm faces several challenges including labour shortages, absence of a hatchery facility for fingerling production and lack of available extension services. The farm experiences low water levels during the hot-dry season and pest infestation in the pond vicinity, both of which lower production. Hangere farm operates at a semi-intensive level, being integrated with other on-farm agriculture activities, and is a typical example of a small scale fish farm in Malawi. The farm has also begun cultivating new crops, mainly coffee and wheat, both of which are highly priced cash crops in Malawi. C. gariepinus (catfish) has also been introduced in ponds at the farm with the potential to reach 1 kg in body weight in 6 months.
Ecological and economic assessment of the role of seaweeds in abalone integrated multi-trophic aquaculture - a South African case study.
Authors: Nobre Ana M , Robertson-Andersson Deborah , Neori Amir , Sankar Kishan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

South Africa (SA) is the world's third largest abalone producer. The industry is now challenged by restrictions on access to wild kelp, which is the natural food for abalone. Abalone farmers in SA have recently begun implementing integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) with the seaweed Ulva lactuca L. and the abalone Haliotis midae L. The positive aspects include: (1) better abalone growth when fed with mixed algae diet, (2) farm effluent reduction, (3) avoidance of contaminated seawater during red tides/oil spills, (4) promoting employment in rural coastal communities. This case study presents a quantification exercise that compares the ecological-economic costs/benefits associated with the seaweed-culture integration into the abalone industry. Data from an abalone farm from the Western Cape with annual production of 240 metric tonnes (MT) was used. The ecological-economic performance of abalone production in monoculture using a water flow-thorough system was compared against two IMTA scenarios, with water recirculation through a seaweed culture unit that replaces part of the wild kelp consumption. The comparison of monoculture with IMTA scenarios indicates an overall economic gain of between 1.1-3.0 million US$ per year. This range of values reflects the effects of adopting IMTA on the farm's profit and the environmental gains, which represent 80% of the estimated overall benefits and includes: avoided kelp bed restoration, reduced nutrient discharge and avoided greenhouse gas emissions (due to energy savings). This analysis is particularly important in informing the SA industry and regulators about the value of the implementation by the abalone farmers of IMTA systems. For this particular case study the message is that the IMTA approach provides substantial economic incentives to the abalone farmers and even larger benefits to the public, compared with the abalone monoculture production.
Etude de cas: production de tilapia mono sexe á Maevatanana, Madagascar.
Authors: Rakotomamonjy Léon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Members of the Professional Association of Aquaculturists of Madagascar which has been promoting Tilapia farming in Madagascar since 2001, the project we are presenting is a follow-up to the implementation of this promotion. The project consists of setting up a tilapia production chain using monosex male fry. This project is being developed in the region of Maevatanana, a site chosen for its climatic characteristics favorable to fish farming. The objective of the project is first to produce and market male monosex Tilapia fry, then to participate in the popularization of fattening fish farming and finally to organize the collection of finished products to supply the large market of the capital Antananarivo. In a socio-economic context of entrepreneurship which is seeking its definition, the start-up and implementation of activities take place with difficulty and slowly.
The rise and demise of the commercial shrimp farm, Amatikulu Prawns (Pty) Ltd., 1989 to 2004 (Kwazulu Natal, South Africa).
Authors: Evans Laurence 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Amatikulu Prawns (Pty) Ltd operated as a commercial shrimp farm from 1989 to 2004 when market forces made producing shrimp unviable and the farm closed. The farm established the technical requirements from the existing scientific literature, consultancy, training courses and visits to other commercial farms. The farm had two sites (10 ha and 24 ha), two hatcheries, a HACCP-certified processing plant and a feed mill.