bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Penetration Resin Systems Overcome Annular Gas Migration: Case History
Authors: Arroyave Juan Manuel , Paredes Jose Luis , Castro Fabian Ricardo , Rubiano Jhon , Gandara Carlos , Molano Miguel , Cotes German , Ríos Marino , Sanchez Guillermo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Well Integrity is a critical compliance requirement during oil and gas operations. Abandonment procedures must ensure that all hydrocarbon sources are properly isolated and effective barriers are placed.
This paper describes the use of resin systems to isolate annular gas migration identified during the Obiwan – 1 well abandonment in Colombia. The main challenge was to select and design fluid systems capable to fill tight spaces and isolate the annular channel.
Resin systems are high-strength, elastic polymers which act as dependable barriers to isolate fluid flow. They can be designed as a solid-free, pure liquid or may contain solids (cement with a formulated percent of resin). Solid-free formulations are ideal for remedial operations, such as isolating annular gas.
Acoustic logging enabled identification of the influx zones. Annular isolation was achieved by executing two cementing remedial operations using the bradenhead squeeze technique. A tailored resin system was selected to deliver the proper barrier addressing the influx zones after injectivity tests were performed in each interval. For the first intervention a solids-free resin system was used, and for the second one a resin-cement composite system was applied.
During cementing remedial operations, it was determined that the resin systems were able to achieve deep penetration into the channels more readily and form a seal. The correct system was selected for each case, and during execution, the required volume was injected to intersect and properly isolate the annular gas channel.
As a result, the tailored resin systems isolated the gas channel eliminating annular pressure and gas migration to surface. In addition, a post remedial operation acoustic log indicated that the influx zones were successfully isolated. Well abandonment was accomplished according to country regulatory requirements and delivered dependable barriers both annular and interior pipe sections.
Use of resin to repair channels of this type exhibited a higher success rate and improved reliability in comparison to conventional particulate-laden fluids, which helps to decrease costs for additional remedial treatments.
Action Based Integrated Tracking Approach to Foster the Collaboration and Achieve Operational Excellence
Authors: Alsaeedi Ayesha Ahmed Abdulla Salem , Elabrashy Manar Maher Mohamed , Alzeyoudi Mohamed Ali , Albadi Mohamed Mubarak , Soni Sandeep , Isambertt Jose , Tripathi Deepak , Sabat Siddharth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In rapidly growing data-intensive workflow processes, one of the major challenges for engineers is to carry out the high-priority tasks aligned with the engineering and business needs of the organization. This paper presents an implementation methodology adopted to solve this problem and create a holistic action tracking system that is firmly integrated into the engineering practice and fosters improved communication within various engineering disciplines.
The first step in creating the comprehensive action tracking workflow was to identify the engineering workflows that end with an actionable item. Afterward, a framework was created that integrates these action items with the corresponding workflow as per the organization structure active directory. Once these action items are created, the inbuilt reminder system notifies the user of the upcoming tasks based on the priority assigned to these items. The escalation mechanism also ensures that the manager gets a notification when actions passed the due date. Once the action items are closed, the action assignee and assigner both get a notification to close the action loop.
One of the most significant benefits of such a process is that all the outcomes of the engineering workflows, such as the requirement to retest the well for production tests, allowable approval requirements, injection improvement recommendations, etc., are directly fed into the integrated action tracking mechanism. This way, the engineers do not need to use a separate system for assigning and tracking the actions. Once these actions are fed into an integrated action tracking system, the system maintains, expedites, and escalates the actions by itself. Another benefit realized by this action tracking system was that the organization structure was internally utilized within the online platform. Therefore, it helps in dynamically assigning the organization structure and creating an escalation item to the right person at the right time so that the integrity of the overall operation remains uncompromised. The business intelligence tool is integrated with the action tracking system to support monitoring and decision-making surveillance exercises of reservoir monitoring plans and allowable monitoring, for example, utilizing the inbuilt planning and performance dashboards. Another major objective achieved in this closed-loop action tracker was the improved system-based communication among various engineering disciplines as the actions are decided based on common business objectives and agreement within the digital platform
One of the well-known gaps in modern production optimization solutions is integrating the engineering solutions with the actionable item. This system bridges this gap and provides a way forward for improved collaboration and fostering communication among various disciplines.
Impact of Static and Dynamic Wellbore Strengthening on Well Planning in Petroleum Development Oman
Authors: in 't Panhuis Peter , Mahajan Sandeep , Prin Cindy , Al Ajmi Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Formation Integrity Tests (FIT) or Leak-Off Tests (LOT) are common techniques to reduce the uncertainty in Fracture Gradient (FG) prediction for well planning, but are usually performed at the casing shoe. This article will discuss the first examples of open-hole LOT and FIT in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), targeting depleted formations in water injector or oil producer wells. The data was used to justify continued drilling of slim wells with two casing strings, where otherwise three casing strings would be required, provided dynamic wellbore strengthening is applied.
In addition, the concept of static wellbore strengthening was also trialed for the first time in Oman, using the hesitation squeeze testing procedure, by which the effective leak-off pressure was incrementally increased to match the maximum ECD required for cementing.
Success Factors of an Enterprise-Wide Digital Twin Strategy
Authors: Parvin Steve 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
While many companies have embarked on their digital transformation journeys implementing different forms of "Digital Twins" to cover specific business processes and challenges, their main challenge has been integrating these disparate Digital Twin projects into one single combined view to create significant new value and competitive advantage for the business.
To be effective, the Digital Twin needs to be capable of supporting the entire asset lifecycle from the early phases of a capital project to operations and maintenance up to asset retirement, leveraging the same data in a platform able to support the end-to-end process.
This paper looks at several approaches, which large owner operators at different levels of organizational information management maturity have used to build their Enterprise Scale Digital Twin strategies.
It uses the lessons learned to highlight the successes and failures of these strategies and recommended approaches going forward. The results observed, identify that whilst there is a reasonably standard roadmap for approaching the development of Digital Twins most customers begin at different points along that journey.
It also highlights that the end goal may not be the same across an Enterprise and that by taking the development of a Digital Twin as a series of incremental steps, independent of the starting point, serves to accelerate the journey by driving an increase in the organizational maturity in terms of People, Process and Technology and an improvement in data quality. One of the key components in any strategy was the ability to manage the information standard for the Digital Twin at an Enterprise level, for both greenfield and brownfield organizations and assets.
The paper concludes the benefits of technical and commercial scalability and the requirements to get a solid manageable and trustworthy core of information should be at the heart of any Enterprise-wide Digital Twin strategy. This is contrary to the common approach of building a single detailed Proof of Concept (PoC) addressing as many use cases as possible and then templatizing that as an approach to repeat around the Enterprise, which often leads to failure on additional deployments where the maturity and challenges are different.
Correlation of Mechanical Parameters in a Giant Carbonate Field, UAE
Authors: Noufal Abdelwahab , Altameemi Ibrahim , Shehab Abdulla , Al Shehhi Hamda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rock properties in the reservoir rocks represent stiffness and strength properties, while the unexpected variation in the dense intervals varies with the fabric and other sedimentological and rock types. The purpose of this paper is to present the mechanical rock testing parameters of Lower Cretaceous reservoirs, including the tight intervals in a giant field of Abu Dhabi. In order to enable the evaluation of the mechanical parameters, there is a need to assess the reservoir rocks, as well as the stress configuration around and away from the wells.
This paper introduces a workflow that integrates multidisciplinary data to develop a geomechanical model aiming to reduce drilling risks and optimizing reservoir appraisal. Cores, wireline logs, CT scans, SEM and thin sections were used to characterize the fracture systems and build the robust seismic driven geomechanical model. A conceptual model has been firstly developed, where reservoir heterogeneity has been quantitatively described in relation to tectonic deformation events, followed by incorporating a 1D-MEM's (Mechanical Earth Model), which used to calibrate the seismic based elastic properties.
Results indicate good correlations developed between dynamic and static Young's Modulus, Biot's coefficient, Friction Angle and Unconfined Compressive Strength by incorporating the results of rock mechanics testing, leading to create a dynamic YME-driven correlation. Good correlations were also obtained between Effective Porosity, and Static Young's modulus, Biot's coefficient, Friction angle and Unconfined compressive strength, leading to create a Porosity-driven correlation. In addition, friction angle correlation increases if proper data is considered, making feasible to build a correlation in both dynamic YME and Effective Porosity.
Finally, the presence of several partially conductive fracture sets within the reservoir, including both sub-vertical and moderately dipping conjugate sets, with gently dipping/bed-parallel fractures. They have been developed under a predominant strike-slip regime that swaps a normal faulting stress regime at depth. Fracture porosity is related to micro- and meso-scale fractures, and fracture permeability is more significant compared to the storage capacity of the matrix porosity. Rock fabrics are varied in different zones, which likely explains differences in the mechanical behaviour.
Block 61 Drilling Fluids Optimization Journey
Authors: Jan Mohammad Majda , Al Noumani Muneer , Cameron Iain , Al Masoudi Younis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BP operates Khazzan & Ghazeer fields in the Sultanate of Oman with the aim to deliver safe, reliable and efficient wells. Efficiencies within drilling fluids design form part of a greater continuous improvement cycle to well delivery cost. With fluids spend contributing to a significant portion of the executed well cost (typically 15 % in Oman), fluids design changes hold the potential to yield positive cost savings (where well performance is maintained).
This paper presents the areas of fluids design which were explored to reduce fluids spend as part of the continuous improvement cycle. Combined, the changes to fluids design evolved to reduce the fluids cost of Barik vertical wells to 6% of total well cost.
All avenues of fluids design and the costs associated with the fluids operation in Oman were viewed as being in scope for change to maintain overbalance hydrostatic pressure on fluids spend.
The methodology employed to reduce fluids spend can be described in four steps as per continuous improvement roadmaps; identify the cost saving project, the key enablers which allow the cost saving to be realized, risk/reward analysis where low risk/high reward projects were accelerated as priority and placed to the front of the queue for field trial and where a trial outcome is positive, the change is introduced permanently to the operation. This process worked well in continuously pushing fluid performance and reducing the fluids spend in Oman.
The scope of change to fluids design was wide, with each ‘value adding project’ providing its own cumulative cost benefit. The projects which contributed to significantly reducing the overall fluids spend in Oman focused on personnel, fluid type selection, fluids formulation optimization, wellbore strengthening, fluid consumption and recycling, drilling fluids practice and brine selection.
Reductions in fluids spend were accompanied with an improved well performance. Well delivery times being continuously observed to improve throughout the campaign (63 days vs 42 days). Whilst the fluids design is not directly responsible for this outcome, it does highlight that the changes made to fluids design positively influenced the improved well delivery performance.
The drilling fluids optimization initiatives resulted in significant time and cost saving thus reduction in overall Barik vertical well drilling cost. Drilling fluids cost is reduced by over 55% without impact on safety and drilling performance.
User Generated Content for Site Based Training in Virtual Reality
Authors: Mayhorn Ivory , Daughtry Kyle R. , Dhanormchitphong Athicha , Bray Mitchell B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Through a partnership with Global Projects and the ExxonMobil IT, we set out to change the way enabling enhanced site specific operator training and model reviews are done on large complex models. The concept was to have the ability to view and navigate complex green-field 3D CAD models in VR (virtual reality) technology to aid in training, model reviews, procedure development, rounds development, maintenance planning and execution, emergency response planning / drills, and project planning. The automated toolset can be used to conduct model reviews followed by training and preparing operators for commissioning before and after site construction is completed.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Leveraging the 3D CAD files from Engineering Procurement & Construction (EPC) contractors, the feature set allows the ability to create a fully textured 3D Model walk-through (annotated model review), and a content creation application to easily create user generated training scenarios (similar to PowerPoint drag and drop). In the past few months, 20 onsite stations were setup and over 100 first and second line supervisors and operators leveraged the toolset. Baseline metrics were captured with an overwhelming success. Ongoing metrics collections will continue for several months to drive further adjustments on the toolset to ensure high value capture. This toolset, once fully refined, will allow other capital & global projects the ability to train operators prior to the unit being built and ongoing for operations activities bringing pieces of the Digital Twin concept to life.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

Technical Benefits

Business Benefit

Novel/Additive Information
Smart Digital Monitoring Tool
Authors: Al Sharif Bandar Abdulaziz , Al Qurooni Faisal Anwar , Alqamous Mohana Essa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Smart Digital Monitoring Tool
As the world is currently going through a wave of rapid digital transformations, finding digital solutions in the oil and gas industry today is more important than ever. Not only is digital transformation one of the main pillars needed to embrace the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0), but it is also indispensable to achieve operational excellence. By connecting process parameters and physical assets with digital monitoring tools, more accurate insights can be gained, which enables real-time responses to challenges and proactive corrective actions.
Different tools and multiple dashboards have been employed to monitor different focus areas such as crude quality, environmental performance, energy consumption, and critical process parameters and chemicals consumption. In spite of the several available tools to monitor and summarize the facilities performance and key performance indicators (KPIs), taking quick and proactive actions to resolve the issues and improve the performance remains challenging sometimes. This is because for digital transformation to have a stronger impact, it better be integrated across the whole business focus area. This means that a single and comprehensive tool will help identify areas for improvement — timely and quickly by the Operations, Maintenance and Engineering (OME) team.
In line with Saudi Aramco's Operational Excellence (OE) program, and to produce oil and gas in an efficient, cost-effective, reliable and responsible manner, a comprehensive and creative smart tool has been developed to deliver energy with better quality, enhanced safety, improved reliability, continuous sustainably, and increased efficiency.
Unlock Condensate Reserves by Peripheral Development of Giant Condensate
Authors: Al Yaaqoubi Nouf Sulaiman , Al Agbari Zainah Salem , Sudarev Maxim , Latypov Eduard , Mohamed Ihab Nabil , Al Ferdan Fatimah , Hosani Mariam Ahmed , Al Bairaq Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper addresses the development of peripheral area in order to maximize the condensate production in a giant Recycle Gas-Condensate Reservoir in UAE. The condensate reservoir is producing many years under recycling mode to maintain the pressure and maximize the gas condensate recovery. The producers and injector wells are in a line drive pattern where the injected fluid is lean gas to maintain 100% VRR. The condensate production declined through the years due to gradual pressure decrease as well as injected lean gas/N2 breakthrough. Several studies were done to increase condensate recovery and extend gas production plateau.
The methodology adopted for this study is the developing of the peripheral area in the giant recycle reservoir as part of its full field development plan (FFDP) in order to provide more pressure support initially and to increase the sweep efficiency for more condensate recovery. In addition; it is worth to mention that peripheral wells will provide production relaxation from some gas produces which have lean gas and N2 breakthroughs. Pilot wells were drilled to examine and confirm the strategy assumed by analyzing the performance of those wells in terms of location, condensate production, CGR values and trajectory. Simulation modeling was as well used for matching purposes and future prediction and forecasting.
Pilot wells were drilled in deferent peripheral area in the reservoir and completed as horizontal gas producers. By analyzing the current wells performance it has been approved that the wells are producing high condensate about (2000-2500) MMstb and producing high CGR values about (80-100). Simulation modeling were utilize for future prediction and confirmed that the development of peripheral area by drilling additional wells enhances the sweeping efficiency and participated in expected gain a multimillions of barrels of additional condensate with maintaining the same business plan gas production target. It was promising to have more incremental in case of ramping up the production.
The paper discussed in detail about methodology adopted in order to unlock the condensate reserves by peripheral development and confirmed the results of the gain of condensate production and CGR from actual data and simulation modeling. The provided information is quite informative to be widely used and applied in similar reservoirs.
Standardized Development Planning for Satellite Fields in the South of the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: in ‘t Panhuis Peter , El Sabagh Adel , Coppes Hilde , Meyers John , Van der Werff Niels , Al Jadeedi Faiza , Suryanto Doddy , Al Habsi Kauthar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article will show how a standardized rule-based approach was used by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) to shorten the cycle time required to mature the opportunity of implementing waterflood developments in small-to-medium sized satellite oil fields in the South of the Sultanate of Oman. The standardized concept relies on a common development strategy for a portfolio of satellite fields with similar reservoir and fluid characteristics that are still under depletion or in the early stage of waterflood. The targets are early monetization, driving cost efficiency through standardization & replication, and increasing recovery factor through the accelerated implementation of field-wide waterflood. This is achieved by leveraging excess capacity in existing facilities, applying analytical workflows for forecasting, standardizing well design and urban planning, and by applying the learnings and best practices from nearby fields that already have mature developments.
Digital Ways of Working: PDO Knowledge Management Program
Authors: Aufi Saif Al , Lawati Hussain Al , Ismail Asif , Lawati Sajad Al , Koepchen Christian , Sabahy Salma Al 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Petroleum Development of Oman (PDO) has grown rapidly over the past few years and is seen as an innovative organization and a leading company within the Middle East when it comes to applying best practice, adding value to the economical and societal development of the Sultanate of Oman through many Knowledge Management (KM) activities. As the Sultanate's leading Oil and gas exploration and production company it is the central engine of the Sultanate's economy. Key to the success of our Digital KM Program has been focus on the importance of developing the human intellectual capital elements to nurture, develop and sustain our people as key assets.
PDO is aware of the potential value of the Enterprise Information and the robust data as showcased In the Figure-1 which can be transformed into knowledge that can be turned and can be used to gain the business benefits such as a competitive advantage, cost minimization, innovation.