bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social movements, community education, and the fight for racial justice: Black women and social transformation
Authors: Roumell Elizabeth A. , James‐Gallaway ArCasia D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the role of community learning within social movements and the fight for social justice and human rights. To understand contemporary social movements and their role in community learning and advocacy for social change, it is essential to contextualize them within the long history of Black women's activist labor and accomplishments. The #BLM movement is presented as a continuation of Black women's longstanding inclusive activism, punctuated by the Abolition, Suffrage, Civil Rights, and modern feminist movements. It highlights the efforts of specific Black women community leaders in creating counterpublics that make claims to power and work to change the status quo. Black women, through their inclusive, community‐based activist endeavors, continue to carve out fugitive spaces and counterpublics where counternarratives are actively generated to fight for a more equitable and inclusive democracy that serves all. This article conceptualizes the role of adult education in social movements and transformative change.
Health disparities, race, and the global pandemic of COVID‐19: The demise of Black Americans
Authors: Hill Lilian H. , Holland Rebecca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article examines the chronic health conditions of African Americans who experience disparities because of poverty, low literacy, and cultural practices that affect decisions about food, nutrition, and health care. It will examine governmental policies, for example, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Artiga et al., 2020), and how these policies contribute to health and wellbeing of people from low‐income communities. Furthermore, it explores the overrepresented deaths among African Americans and other communities of color resulting from the pandemic—deaths that result from co‐existing health conditions and the inability to afford immediate care.
Black women at the intersection of race and poverty in urban communities: Partnerships for transformation
Authors: Johnson Michelle A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article examines the intersection of race and poverty on the lives of Black women living in urban communities. Historical systemic racism continues to leave many marginalized communities on the periphery and struggling to maneuver in a society that limits access to empowerment to move out of poverty. To transform the lives of those living in poor urban communities, dismantling systemic racism where race and poverty intersect must be included in policymakers’ priorities. This work begins with partnerships forged between public policy makers, adult educators, literacy education and training programs, welfare programs, and employment programs and employers.
Self‐Assembled Perovskite Nanoislands on CH3NH3PbI3 Cuboid Single Crystals by Energetic Surface Engineering
Authors: Zhang Yurou , Kim Dohyung , Yun Jung‐Ho , Lim Jongchul , Jung Min‐Cherl , Wen Xiaoming , Seidel Jan , Choi Eunyoung , Xiao Mu , Qiu Tengfei , Lyu Miaoqiang , Han EQ , Ghasemi Mehri , Lim Sean , Snaith Henry J. , Yun Jae Sung , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganometal perovskite single crystals have been recognized as a promising platform for high‐performance optoelectronic devices, featuring high crystallinity and stability. However, a high trap density and structural nonuniformity at the surface have been major barriers to the progress of single crystal‐based optoelectronic devices. Here, the formation of a unique nanoisland structure is reported at the surface of the facet‐controlled cuboid MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3+) single crystals through a cation interdiffusion process enabled by energetically vaporized CsI. The interdiffusion of mobile ions between the bulk and the surface is triggered by thermally activated CsI vapor, which reconstructs the surface that is rich in MA and CsI with reduced dangling bonds. Simultaneously, an array of Cs‐Pb‐rich nanoislands is constructed on the surface of the MAPbI3 single crystals. This newly reconstructed nanoisland surface enhances the light absorbance over 50% and increases the charge carrier mobility from 56 to 93 cm2 V−1 s−1. As confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy, the nanoislands form a gradient band bending that prevents recombination of excess carriers, and thus, enhances lateral carrier transport properties. This unique engineering of the single crystal surface provides a pathway towards developing high‐quality perovskite single‐crystal surface for optoelectronic applications.
Manifestation of Strongly Correlated Electrons in a 2D Kagome Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Kumar Dhaneesh , Hellerstedt Jack , Field Bernard , Lowe Benjamin , Yin Yuefeng , Medhekar Nikhil V. , Schiffrin Agustin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract2D and layered electronic materials characterized by a kagome lattice, whose valence band structure includes two Dirac bands and one flat band, can host a wide range of tunable topological and strongly correlated electronic phases. While strong electron correlations have been observed in inorganic kagome crystals, they remain elusive in organic systems, which benefit from versatile synthesis protocols via molecular self‐assembly and metal‐ligand coordination. Here, direct experimental evidence of local magnetic moments resulting from strong electron–electron Coulomb interactions in a 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) is reported. The latter consists of di‐cyano‐anthracene (DCA) molecules arranged in a kagome structure via coordination with copper (Cu) atoms on a silver surface [Ag(111)]. Temperature‐dependent scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals magnetic moments spatially confined to DCA and Cu sites of the MOF, and Kondo screened by the Ag(111) conduction electrons. By density functional theory and mean‐field Hubbard modeling, it is shown that these magnetic moments are the direct consequence of strong Coulomb interactions between electrons within the kagome MOF. The findings pave the way for nanoelectronics and spintronics technologies based on controllable correlated electron phases in 2D organic materials.
Structure–Property Relationships of Precisely Chlorinated Thiophene‐Substituted Acceptors
Authors: Tan Pu , Liu Longzhu , Chen Zi‐Yi , Lai Hanjian , Zhu Yulin , Chen Hui , Zheng Nan , Zhang Yuanzhu , He Feng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSystematic investigation of three nonfullerene acceptors, BTIC‐4Cl‐T, BTIC‐4Cl‐TCl‐γ, and BTIC‐4Cl‐TCl‐b, with or without a chlorine substituent at the γ/b‐position of the side chain thiophene ring, reveals that molecular planarity, stacking structure, and photovoltaic performance of the compounds are dependent on the position of the chlorine substituent. Of the materials using thiophenes in conjugated side chains, BTIC‐4Cl‐T shows a relatively lower open‐circuit voltage of 0.81 V, decreased current density, leading to an efficiency of only 10.86%. BTIC‐4Cl‐TCl‐γ with chlorine at the γ‐position of the conjugated thiophene shows a 3D network structure, a greatly increased current density, and an efficiency of 14.35%. BTIC‐4Cl‐TCl‐b, with a chlorine atom in b‐position, is found to have been reformed to a quasi‐3D network, in which electron hopping can be efficiently realized in adjacently positioned, linearly arranged molecules due to S···S interactions. With this quasi‐3D network, BTIC‐4Cl‐TCl‐b promotes the open‐circuit voltage up to 0.86 V and has the highest efficiency (15.65%) among the three acceptors. These results prove that chlorination is an effective strategy to improve photovoltaic performance and highlights the decisive relationship between structural regulation and molecular arrangement. It also provides a good starting point for the exploration and design of next generation high‐performance materials.
Biocompatible and Biodegradable Neuromorphic Device Based on Hyaluronic Acid for Implantable Bioelectronics
Authors: Lee Jin Hyeok , Rim You Seung , Min Won Kyung , Park Kyungho , Kim Hyung Tae , Hwang Gyuho , Song Jaewhan , Kim Hyun Jae 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders are challenging issues for initial diagnosis and cure. False signals from neurons that make up the brain must be corrected. To treat neurodegenerative diseases, neuromorphic devices are inserted into the body and connected to nerves. However, there are major concerns regarding implanting these devices into living bodies, that is, toxicity caused by the materials and the need for an additional operation to remove the device after treatment. In this research, a neuromorphic device is fabricated based on hyaluronic acid (HA), which is biocompatible and biodegradable, that meets the requirements for implantable bioelectronics. The fabricated device have a paired‐pulse facilitation index of ≈121.00% and short term‐to‐long term memory transition behavior that resembled human learning‐experience behavior. It is confirmed that the synaptic behavior mechanism of the device is due to an Mg oxide layer formed at the Mg/HA interface. Biodegradability and cell cytotoxicity tests confirmed the suitability of HA‐based neuromorphic devices as implantable bioelectronics. Based on the results, it is believed that such implantable devices will lead to better healthcare.
Ru‐Pincer Complex‐Bridged Cu‐Porphyrin Polymer for Robust (Photo)Electrocatalytic H2 Evolution via Single‐Atom Active Sites
Authors: Wang Tingxia , Guo Lulu , Jiang Zhuo , Chen Shengtao , Xu Shuran , Zhang Yuexing , Zhang Jing , Li Renjie , Peng Tianyou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganic polymers have attracted much attention in the field of energy conversion owing to their excellent tailoring ability via heterometal incorporation and/or functionalization. Herein, a novel pincer complex‐bridged porphyrin polymer is synthesized using Cu‐porphyrin (CuPor) and Ru‐N′NN′‐pincer complex (RuN3) as monomers. The resultant CuPor‐RuN3 polymer delivers robust electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with outstanding durability and ultralow overpotentials of 73 and 114 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm‐2 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Moreover, the CuPor‐RuN3 polymer displays great potential to fabricate photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells with a BiVO4 photoanode, where the additional photoinduced electrons from CuPor‐RuN3 endow the BiVO4||CuPor‐RuN3 PEC cell with much better activity for overall water splitting than the BiVO4||Pt/C one, demonstrating that CuPor‐RuN3 would be a promising (photo)electrocatalyst to replace the benchmark Pt/C. The experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the Cu/Ru heterobimetallic centers in the polymer not only enhance the inherent electron transfer from Cu sites to Ru ones that serve as single‐atom catalytic sites (Ru‐N3), but also efficiently regulate the electronic property of the Ru‐N3 sites, and thus boosting (photo)electrocatalytic HER activity. The proposed strategy opens a new avenue to fabricate porphyrin‐based polymers with heteromultimetallic centers as effective HER (photo)electrocatalysts.
Microbubble Functionalization with Platelet Membrane Enables Targeting and Early Detection of Sepsis‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Yang Jing , Miao Xiaoyan , Guan Yu , Chen Chaojin , Chen Sufang , Zhang Xinmin , Xiao Xue , Zhang Zheng , Xia Zhengyuan , Yin Tinghui , Hei Ziqing , Yao Weifeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe morbidity and mortality of sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) remain high. Early detection using molecular ultrasound imaging may reduce mortality and improve the prognosis. Inspired by the intrinsic relationship between platelets and SAKI, platelet membrane‐coated hybrid microbubbles (Pla‐MBs) are designed for early recognition of SAKI. Pla‐MBs are prepared by ultrasound‐assisted recombination of liposomes and platelets, consisting of inherent platelet membrane isolated from platelets. By coating with platelet membranes, Pla‐MBs are endowed with various adhesive receptors (such as integrin αIIbβ3), providing a benefit for selective adhesion to damaged endothelium in SAKI. In a rat SAKI model, by combining the advantages of molecular ultrasound imaging and platelet membrane, Pla‐MBs display platelet‐mimicking properties and achieve the early targeted diagnosis of SAKI prior to the regular laboratory markers of kidney function. Moreover, the expression of platelet‐binding proteins (von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen) in the kidneys shows consistent results with molecular ultrasound imaging. Together, microbubble functionalization with platelet membranes is diagnostically beneficial for SAKI and might be a promising modality for endothelial injury diseases in the future.
3D Bioprinting of Engineered Tissue Flaps with Hierarchical Vessel Networks (VesselNet) for Direct Host‐To‐Implant Perfusion
Authors: Szklanny Ariel A. , Machour Majd , Redenski Idan , Chochola Václav , Goldfracht Idit , Kaplan Ben , Epshtein Mark , Simaan Yameen Haneen , Merdler Uri , Feinberg Adam , Seliktar Dror , Korin Netanel , Jaroš Josef , Levenberg Shulamit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEngineering hierarchical vasculatures is critical for creating implantable functional thick tissues. Current approaches focus on fabricating mesoscale vessels for implantation or hierarchical microvascular in vitro models, but a combined approach is yet to be achieved to create engineered tissue flaps. Here, millimetric vessel‐like scaffolds and 3D bioprinted vascularized tissues interconnect, creating fully engineered hierarchical vascular constructs for implantation. Endothelial and support cells spontaneously form microvascular networks in bioprinted tissues using a human collagen bioink. Sacrificial molds are used to create polymeric vessel‐like scaffolds and endothelial cells seeded in their lumen form native‐like endothelia. Assembling endothelialized scaffolds within vascularizing hydrogels incites the bioprinted vasculature and endothelium to cooperatively create vessels, enabling tissue perfusion through the scaffold lumen. Using a cuffing microsurgery approach, the engineered tissue is directly anastomosed with a rat femoral artery, promoting a rich host vasculature within the implanted tissue. After two weeks in vivo, contrast microcomputer tomography imaging and lectin perfusion of explanted engineered tissues verify the host ingrowth vasculature's functionality. Furthermore, the hierarchical vessel network (VesselNet) supports in vitro functionality of cardiomyocytes. Finally, the proposed approach is expanded to mimic complex structures with native‐like millimetric vessels. This work presents a novel strategy aiming to create fully‐engineered patient‐specific thick tissue flaps.
Interfacial Model Deciphering High‐Voltage Electrolytes for High Energy Density, High Safety, and Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zou Yeguo , Cao Zhen , Zhang Junli , Wahyudi Wandi , Wu Yingqiang , Liu Gang , Li Qian , Cheng Haoran , Zhang Dongyu , Park Geon‐Tae , Cavallo Luigi , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Wang Limin , Sun Yang‐Kook , Ming Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐voltage lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) enabled by high‐voltage electrolytes can effectively boost energy density and power density, which are critical requirements to achieve long travel distances, fast‐charging, and reliable safety performance for electric vehicles. However, operating these batteries beyond the typical conditions of LIBs (4.3 V vs Li/Li+) leads to severe electrolyte decomposition, while interfacial side reactions remain elusive. These critical issues have become a bottleneck for developing electrolytes for applications in extreme conditions. Herein, an additive‐free electrolyte is presented that affords high stability at high voltage (4.5 V vs Li/Li+), lithium‐dendrite‐free features upon fast‐charging operations (e.g., 162 mAh g−1 at 3 C), and superior long‐term battery performance at low temperature. More importantly, a new solvation structure‐related interfacial model is presented, incorporating molecular‐scale interactions between the lithium‐ion, anion, and solvents at the electrolyte–electrode interfaces to help interpret battery performance. This report is a pioneering study that explores the dynamic mutual‐interaction interfacial behaviors on the lithium layered oxide cathode and graphite anode simultaneously in the battery. This interfacial model enables new insights into electrode performances that differ from the known solid electrolyte interphase approach to be revealed, and sets new guidelines for the design of versatile electrolytes for metal‐ion batteries.
Wafer‐Scale 2D Hafnium Diselenide Based Memristor Crossbar Array for Energy‐Efficient Neural Network Hardware
Authors: Li Sifan , Pam Mei‐Er , Li Yesheng , Chen Li , Chien Yu‐Chieh , Fong Xuanyao , Chi Dongzhi , Ang Kah‐Wee 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMemristor crossbar with programmable conductance could overcome the energy consumption and speed limitations of neural networks when executing core computing tasks in image processing. However, the implementation of crossbar array (CBA) based on ultrathin 2D materials is hindered by challenges associated with large‐scale material synthesis and device integration. Here, a memristor CBA is demonstrated using wafer‐scale (2‐inch) polycrystalline hafnium diselenide (HfSe2) grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and a metal‐assisted van der Waals transfer technique. The memristor exhibits small switching voltage (0.6 V), low switching energy (0.82 pJ), and simultaneously achieves emulation of synaptic weight plasticity. Furthermore, the CBA enables artificial neural network with a high recognition accuracy of 93.34%. Hardware multiply‐and‐accumulate (MAC) operation with a narrow error distribution of 0.29% is also demonstrated, and a high power efficiency of greater than 8‐trillion operations per second per Watt is achieved. Based on the MAC results, hardware convolution image processing can be performed using programmable kernels (i.e., soft, horizontal, and vertical edge enhancement), which constitutes a vital function for neural network hardware.
Disentangling Ferroelectric Wall Dynamics and Identification of Pinning Mechanisms via Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Proksch Roger , Wong Chun Yin , Ziatdinov Maxim , Kalinin Sergei V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractField‐induced domain‐wall dynamics in ferroelectric materials underpins multiple applications ranging from actuators to information technology devices and necessitates a quantitative description of the associated mechanisms including giant electromechanical couplings, controlled nonlinearities, or low coercive voltages. While the advances in dynamic piezoresponse force microscopy measurements over the last two decades have rendered visualization of polarization dynamics relatively straightforward, the associated insights into the local mechanisms have been elusive. This work explores the domain dynamics in model polycrystalline materials using a workflow combining deep‐learning‐based segmentation of the domain structures with nonlinear dimensionality reduction using multilayer rotationally invariant autoencoders (rVAE). The former allows unambiguous identification and classification of the ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain walls. The rVAE discovers the latent representations of the domain wall geometries and their dynamics, thus providing insight into the intrinsic mechanisms of polarization switching, that can further be compared to simple physical models. The rVAE disentangles the factors affecting the pinning efficiency of ferroelectric walls, offering insights into the correlation of ferroelastic wall distribution and ferroelectric wall pinning.
Single‐Atom Catalysis: From Simple Reactions to the Synthesis of Complex Molecules
Authors: Chen Zhongxin , Liu Jia , Koh Ming Joo , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo date, the scope of single‐atom catalysts (SAC) in liquid‐phase transformations is rather limited owing to stability issues and the inability to activate complex substances. This calls for a better design of the catalyst support that can provide a dynamic coordination environment needed for catalytic action, and yet retain robustness against leaching or aggregation. In addition, the chemical orthogonality of SAC is useful for designing tandem or multicomponent reactions, in which side reactions common to metal nanoparticles are suppressed. In this review, the intrinsic mechanism will be highlighted that controls reaction efficiency and selectivity in SAC‐catalyzed pathways, as well as the structural dynamism of SAC under complex liquid‐phase conditions. These mechanistic insights are helpful for the development of next‐generation SAC systems for the synthesis of high‐value pharmaceuticals through late‐stage functionalization, sequential and multicomponent strategies.
Skin‐Integrated Devices with Soft, Holey Architectures for Wireless Physiological Monitoring, With Applications in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kwak Sung Soo , Yoo Seonggwang , Avila Raudel , Chung Ha Uk , Jeong Hyoyoung , Liu Claire , Vogl Jamie L. , Kim Joohee , Yoon Hong‐Joon , Park Yoonseok , Ryu Hanjun , Lee Geumbee , Kim Jihye , Koo Jahyun , Oh Yong Suk , Kim Sungbong , Xu Shuai , Zhao Zichen , Xie Zhaoqian , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContinuous monitoring of vital signs is an essential aspect of operations in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (NICUs and PICUs), of particular importance to extremely premature and/or critically ill patients. Current approaches require multiple sensors taped to the skin and connected via hard‐wired interfaces to external data acquisition electronics. The adhesives can cause iatrogenic injuries to fragile, underdeveloped skin, and the wires can complicate even the most routine tasks in patient care. Here, materials strategies and design concepts are introduced that significantly improve these platforms through the use of optimized materials, open (i.e., “holey”) layouts and precurved designs. These schemes 1) reduce the stresses at the skin interface, 2) facilitate release of interfacial moisture from transepidermal water loss, 3) allow visual inspection of the skin for rashes or other forms of irritation, 4) enable triggered reduction of adhesion to reduce the probability for injuries that can result from device removal. A combination of systematic benchtop testing and computational modeling identifies the essential mechanisms and key considerations. Demonstrations on adult volunteers and on a neonate in an operating NICUs illustrate a broad range of capabilities in continuous, clinical‐grade monitoring of conventional vital signs, and unconventional indicators of health status.