bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced applications of microcombs: From optical neural networks to data transmission
Authors: Tan Mengxi , Xu Xingyuan , Moss David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report ultrahigh bandwidth applications of Kerr microcombs to optical neural networks and to optical data transmission, at data rates from 44 Terabits/s (Tb/s) to approaching 100 Tb/s. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a powerful category of artificial neural networks that can extract the hierarchical features of raw data to greatly reduce the network complexity and enhance the accuracy for machine learning tasks such as computer vision, speech recognition, playing board games and medical diagnosis [1-7]. Optical neural networks can dramatically accelerate the computing speed to overcome the inherent bandwidth bottleneck of electronics. We use a new and powerful class of micro-comb called soliton crystals that exhibit robust operation and stable generation as well as a high intrinsic efficiency with an extremely low spacing of 48.9 GHz. We demonstrate a universal optical vector convolutional accelerator operating at 11 Tera-OPS/s (TOPS) on 250,000 pixel images for 10 kernels simultaneously — enough for facial image recognition. We use the same hardware to sequentially form a deep optical CNN with ten output neurons, achieving successful recognition of full 10 digits with 900 pixel handwritten digit images. We also report world record high data transmission over standard optical fiber from a single optical source, at 44.2 Terabits/s over the C-band, with a spectral efficiency of 10.4 bits/s/Hz, with a coherent data modulation format of 64 QAM. We achieve error free transmission across 75 km of standard optical fiber in the lab and over a field trial with a metropolitan optical fiber network. Our work demonstrates the ability of optical soliton crystal micro-combs to exceed other approaches in performance for the most demanding practical optical communications applications.
Synchronous Axillary Intranodal SCC And Scalp SCC Case Report – Skip Nodal Metastasis Or Malignant Transformation Of An Intranodal Squamous Cyst?
Authors: Hing Jun Xian Jeffrey , Lee Tee Sin , M Anjarwalla Salim , Tan Sze Hwa , Tan Chien Sheng , Tan Su-Ming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIsolated axillary SCC nodal metastasis from a head and neck primary is a highly unusual presentation. Different possibilities include that of a skipped nodal metastasis bypassing the cervical region, or an axillary SCC of a separate unknown primary (SCCUP), or even malignant transformation of a preexisting intranodal squamous cyst. To date, there has been no report of isolated SCC nodal metastases from a scalp primary and even rarer, a case of malignant transformation of an intranodal squamous cyst. Case presentationWe present a successful management of a synchronous axillary nodal SCC and scalp SCC through curative surgery in a 73-year-old gentleman with extensive psoriasis and a history of immunosuppression from methotrexate use.ConclusionWe reviewed the literature of this rare entity of an axillary SCCUP, discussed its optimal investigations and management, and the three distinct possible explanations for this unusual presentation.
Application of a bone conserving revision stem for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in senile osteoporotic population
Authors: CHEN MENGCUN , Wang Jinlong , Yang Shuhua , Liu Xianzhe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Primary hemi-arthroplasty is gaining rising attention to treat unstable intertrochanteric fractures in senile patients with severe osteoporosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the early clinical and radiographic outcomes using bone conserving revision stem for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in senile osteoporotic population.
Methods

A retrospective observation of a series of 31 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were conducted. The average age of the patients enrolled was 82.1 years and all patients underwent primary hemi-arthroplasty with the application of bone conserving and fully porous-coated revision stem. Clinical and radiographic evaluations during both the hospital-stay and follow-up were performed.
Results

The 31 patients were followed up for an average of 23 months postoperatively. The average operation time was 74.2 min while the mean intraoperative blood loss was 200.1 ml, with an average 11.1 g/L decrease of hemoglobulin after the procedure. The mean Harris hip score was 82.1 and visual analog scale was 1.7 at the latest follow-up. No intra-operative or postoperative peri-prosthetic fracture was noted. Postoperative complications included one thrombosis formation in posterior tibial vein and one congestive heart failure, both patients were discharged uneventfully after treatment. Twenty-one (21/31, 67.7%) patients regained their pre-injury walking activities. Radiographically, none of these hips had evident loosening of the stem or osteolysis. With follow-up period of 23 months, the mortality rate was 3.2% (1/31) with no revision required.
Conclusion

Primary hemi-arthroplasty with application of the bone conserving, cementless revision stem could serve as a reliable alternation in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in senile population with osteoporosis.
Volumetric Response of Brain Oligometastatic Disease to Focal Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy
Authors: Wijetunga Asanka , Jayamanne Dasantha , Adams Jessica , Back Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the volumetric response, morbidity and failure rates of hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) for definitive focal management of brain oligometastatic disease. Methods: Patients managed with HFRT for unresected oligometastatic brain disease were entered into an ethics-approved database. HFRT was delivered using IMRT or VMAT with 30Gy or 25Gy in 5 fractions. Individual lesions had volumetric assessment performed at three timepoints. Primary endpoint was change of volume from baseline (GTV0) to one-month post-HFRT (GTV1); and to seven-months post-HFRT (GTV7). Secondary endpoints were local failure, survival, and rate of radiation necrosis. Results:One hundred and twenty-four patients with 233 lesions were managed with HFRT. Median follow-up was 23.5 months with thirty-two (25.8%) patients alive at censure. Median overall survival was 7.3 months, with 36.3% survival at 12 months, with superior survival predicted by GTV0 (p=0.003) and percentage volumetric response (p<0.001). Systemic therapy was delivered in 81.5% of cases. At one-month post-HFRT 206 metastases (88.4%) were available for assessment; at seven-months post-HFRT this had reduced to 118 metastases (50.6%). Median metastasis volume at GTV0 was 1.6cm3 (range: 0.1-19.1). At GTV1 and GTV7 this reduced to 0.7cm3 (p<0.001) and 0.3cm3 (p<0.001) respectively, correlating to percentage reductions of 54.9% and 83.3%. No significant predictors of volumetric response following HFRT were identified. Local failure was confirmed in 4.3% of lesions and radiation necrosis in 3.9%. Conclusion: HFRT is an effective method for oligometastatic disease in the brain to maximise initial volumetric response whilst minimising pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis.
Unresponsive Thin Endometrium Caused by Asherman Syndrome Treated With Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Shi Libing , Lin Xiaona , Zhou Feng , Xin Liaobing , Xu Wenzhi , Yu Huaying , Li Jing , Pan Mei , Pan Yibin , Dai Yongdong , Zhang Yinli , Shen Jia , Zhao Lijuan , Lu Min , Zhang Songying 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUnresponsive thin endometrium caused by Asherman’s syndrome (AS) is the major cause of uterine infertility. However, current therapies are ineffective. This study is to evaluate the effect of transplantation with collagen scaffold/umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (CS/UC-MSCs) on this refractory disease.MethodsEighteen infertile women with unresponsive thin endometrium, whose frozen–thawed embryo transfers (FET) were cancelled due to reduced endometrial thickness (ET ≤ 5.5 mm), were enrolled in this before and after self-control prospective study. Hysteroscopic examination was performed to confirm no intrauterine adhesions, then ten million UC-MSCs loaded onto a CS were transplanted into the uterine cavity in two consecutive menstrual cycles. Then uterine cavity was assessed through hysteroscopy after two transplants. FET were performed in the following cycle. Pregnancy outcomes were followed-up. Endometrial thickness, uterine receptivity and endometrial angiogenesis, proliferation and hormone response were compared before and after treatment.ResultsSeventeen patients completed the study. No treatment-related serious adverse events occurred. Three months after transplantation, the average ET increased from 4.11 ± 1.01 mm to 5.87 ± 0.77 mm (P < 0.001). Three of 15 patients after FET got pregnant, of whom 2 gave birth successfully and 1 had a miscarriage at 25 weeks’ gestation. One of 2 patients without FET had a natural pregnancy at 36 weeks after transplantation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased micro-vessel density, upregulated expression of Ki67, estrogen receptor alfa and progesterone receptor, indicating an improvement in endometrial angiogenesis, proliferation, and response to hormones.ConclusionCS/UC-MSCs can promote the growth of unresponsive thin endometrium caused by AS, possibly through promoting endometrial proliferation and angiogenesis and enhancing the response of the endometrium to hormones.Trial Registration﻿ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03724617). Registered 26 October 2018-prospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/
Tumor-stroma Ratio as a New Prognosticator for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: a Comprehensive Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Ma Ru , Lin Yu-Lin , Li Xin-Bao , Yan Feng-Cai , Xu Hong-Bin , Peng Zheng , Li Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: As a rare clinical tumor syndrome, pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. In-depth pathological analysis is essential to assessing tumor biological behaviors, assisting treatment decision, and predicting clinical prognosis of PMP. Tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) is a promising prognostic parameter based on tumor and stroma. This study was to explore the relationship between TSR with pathological characteristics and prognosis of PMP.Methods: PMP patients with complete data who underwent last cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy were collected. The TSR of postoperative pathological images was quantitatively analyzed by Image-Pro Plus. Then the relationship between TSR with clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical characteristics and prognosis of PMP was analyzed.Results: Among the 50 PMP patients included, there were 27 males (54.0%) and 23 females (46.0%), with a median age of 55 (31 - 76) years. The patients with histopathological types of disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis (DPAM) and peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis (PMCA) were both 25 (50.0%), 4 cases (8.0%) with vascular tumor emboli, 3 cases (6.0%) with nerve invasion, and 5 cases (10.0%) with lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemical results showed that Ki67 label index was < 25% in 18 cases (36.0%) and ≥ 25% in 32 cases (64.0%). The range of TSR was 2% - 24% (median: 8%). The cutoff value of TSR was 10% based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. There were 31 cases with TSR < 10% while 19 cases with TSR ≥ 10%. It showed that TSR was closely related to histopathological types (P < 0.001) and Ki67 label index (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9, pathological types, vascular tumor emboli and TSR influenced prognosis of PMP patients (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed preoperative CEA, vascular tumor emboli and TSR were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion: TSR could be a new independent prognosticator for PMP.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Variety Identification Based on Developed Retrotransposon-Based Insertion Polymorphism (RBIP) Markers in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam)
Authors: Meng Yusha , Su Wenjin , Ma Yanping , Liu Lei , Gu Xingguo , Wu Dianxing , Shu Xiaoli , Lai Qixian , Tang Yong , Wu liehong , Wang Yin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sweet potato, a dicotyledonous and perennial plant, is the third most crucial tuber/root crop species behind potato and cassava in terms of production. Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are highly abundant in sweet potato, contributing to genetic diversity. These LTR retrotransposons play a significant role in sweet potato genotypes. Retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) is a high-throughput marker system to study the genetic diversity of plant species. To date, there have been no transposon marker-based genetic diversity analyses of sweet potato. We report a structure-based analysis of the sweet potato genome for the main LTR-retrotransposon subfamilies, Ty3-gypsy and Ty1-copia, which revealed a total of 21555 LTR retrotransposons. By searching using hidden Markov models (HMMs), 1616 LTR retrotransposon sequences containing at least two models were found. A total of 48 RBIP primers were synthesized based on the high copy numbers of conserved LTR sequences. RBIP markers of the genetic diversity and population structure of 105 sweet potato germplasm resources revealed 56 amplicons with an average polymorphism of 91.07%. Sweet potato accessions were collected from 6 provinces of China, Japan and America. A UPGMA dendrogram, a model-based genetic structure and principal component analysis (PCA) divided the sweet potato germplasms into 3 groups containing 8, 53, and 44 germplasms. All three analyses produced significant groupwise consensus. However, almost all the germplasms contained only one primary locus. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) among the groups indicated higher intergroup genetic variation (53%) than intrapopulation genetic variation. In addition, long-term self-retention may cause some germplasm resources to exhibit variable segregation. These results suggest that these sweet potato germplasms are not well evolutionarily diversified, although geographic speciation could have occurred at a limited level. This study highlights the utility of RBIP markers for determining the intraspecies variability of sweet potato.
Red Ginseng Water Extract Aggravates Inflammation in Sebocytes and Outer Root Sheath Cells After Treatment With Lipopolysaccharide and Mice With Cutibacterium Acnes-induced Inflammatory Nodules
Authors: Kwack Mi Hee , Lee Weon Ju 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ginseng has been known in Korea as a health-supportive herbal medicine from time immemorial. Red ginseng is one of processed ginseng that is produced from white ginseng through steaming and drying. Many protective functions of red ginseng have been reported from various groups in many diseases. In this study, we first investigated whether red ginseng water extract (RG) aggravates inflammation in human sebocytes and outer root sheath (ORS) cells after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mice with Cutibacterium (C.) acnes strain (ATCC 1182)-induced inflammatory nodules. Sebocytes and ORS cells were isolated and cultured from the human scalp. The RG augmented LPS mediated inflammation by increased the mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines in sebocytes and ORS cells. In addition, RG also showed the increased protein expression of p-NFκB, p-c-jun and p-JNK in the LPS-treated sebocytes and ORS cells. Furthermore, RG upregulated the LPS-induced production of sebum in sebocytes. In addition, RG inhibited improvement of inflammatory nodules and showed the increased expression of inflammatory biomarkers in inflammatory nodules of Cutibacterium acnes injected mice. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that RG is one of the aggravating factors of acne vulgaris. It would be better to stop taking RG in patients with inflammatory acne.
Dexmedetomidine Versus Lidocaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Craniotomy: a Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Bao Di , Chi Dongmei , Li Lu , Liu Bin , Zhang Di , Qiao Lanxin , Liang Yi , Wang Yaxin , Jin Xu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Postoperative pain is a common problem that occurs in pediatric patients following neurosurgery which may lead to severe complications. Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used adjuvant medicine in craniotomy owing to its sedative, amnestic, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. Besides, studies suggest that lidocaine has similar effects on sedation, analgesia, and neuroprotection. Both two adjuvants can reduce postoperative pain after neurosurgery in adults. However, it is still unknown whether dexmedetomidine or lidocaine can reduce postoperative pain in children undergoing craniotomy and if yes, which is a better medicine choice. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine vs. lidocaine on postoperative pain in pediatric patients after craniotomy. Methods/design: We will perform a randomized (1:1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center trial. Children aged 1–12 years scheduled for craniotomy will be eligible for inclusion. The 255 recruited participants will be stratified by age in two strata (1–6 years and 7–12 years), and then each stratum will be equally randomized to three groups: Group D (infusion of dexmedetomidine [intervention group]), Group L (infusion of lidocaine [intervention group]), and Group C (infusion of normal saline [control group]). Patients will be followed-up at 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. The primary outcome will be total sufentanil consumption within 24 h after surgery.Discussion: In this clinical trial, we expect to clarify and compare the postoperative analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine vs. lidocaine infusion on pediatric patients undergoing craniotomy. We believe that the results of this trial will provide more choices for postoperative analgesia for the pediatric population.Trial registration: Chinese ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR1800019411. Registered 10 November 2018. Registered with the name of “A randomized double-blind controlled trial for low-dose dexmedetomidine and lidocaine in the treatment of post-craniotomy pain in children” URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=32822
Clinical Value of Minimal Residual Disease Assessed by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry in Amyloid Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Li Xiaozhe , Huang Beihui , Liu Junru , Chen Meilan , Gu Jingli , Li Juan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the feasibility and prognostic value of minimal residual disease (MRD) evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) in newly diagnosed amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis.Methods: Clinical data from 25 consecutive newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis patients with MRD data tested at 3 months after first-line therapy completion were retrospectively analysed in a single centre from 2012 to 2019. First-line therapy included 8 courses of VD or 4 courses of VD plus sequential autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), both without maintenance therapy.Results: Of 25 patients with very good partial response (VGPR) or better, 19 (76%) achieved MRD negativity. Baseline characteristics were not different between MRD-negative and MRD-positive patients. More ASCT patients than non-ASCT patients (90.0% vs 53.3%, P＝0.043) achieved MRD negativity. In the MRD-negative and MRD-positive groups, cardiac response was observed in 93% and 25% (P=0.019) and any organ response in 94% and 50%, respectively (P=0.023). At a median follow-up of 25.1 months, MRD-negative patients showed significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) from diagnosis than MRD-positive patients (24.52 vs 76.39 months, P=0.004).Conclusions: MRD negativity measured by MFC at 3 months after first-line therapy completion in patients with AL amyloidosis is measurable and associated with improved organ response rates and PFS over a long follow-up.
Metformin Protects Lens Epithelial Cells Against Senescence in Naturally Aged Model of Mouse
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Fu Yushan , Wang Xu , Wu Ruitong , Su Dongmei , Zhou Nan , Qi Yanhua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The senescence of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a major factor of age-related cataract (ARC). ARC results in visual impairment and severe vision loss in elderly. However, the specific mechanism of ARC is not yet clear and there are no effective therapeutic agents to halt the formation of ARC. The current study aimed to further explore the underlying mechanism of formation of ARC and investigate the potential anti-aging effect of metformin (MET) on ARC. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: the young control group (Young, 3 months, n=40), the naturally aged group (Aged, 20months, n=60) and MET group (MET, 20 months, n=60). The young control group (Young, 3 months, n=40) and the naturally aged group (Aged, 20months, n=60) mice received ad libitum standard purified mouse diet and water, while the MET group mice were fed on chows supplied with 0.1% MET for 10 months. The transparency of lens and age-associated proteins P21, P53 were assessed in LECs in three groups. Furthermore, we determined the expressions of AMPK pathway and the effect of MET on AMPK pathway in LECs during the aging process of ARC. Besides, the relationship of autophagy and the senescence of in LECs and the role of MET in the autophagy in in LECs during the aging process of ARC were examined. Results: Our results indicated that age-related inactivation of AMPK pathway and age-related impairment of autophagy might contribute to the senescence of in LECs and occurrence of ARC. Importantly, these results demonstrated that MET effectively alleviated the senescence of in LECs and the formation of ARC probably via inactivation of AMPK pathway and augmentation of autophagy. Conclusion: These findings reveal that MET can be exploited as a potentially useful drug for ARC prevention. Our study will be informative for development of innovative strategies to the clinical treatment of ARC.
The Forecast of COVID-19 Spread Risk at The County Level
Authors: Hssayeni Murtadha , Chala Arjuna , Dev Roger , Xu Lili , Shaw Jesse , Furht Borko , Ghoraani Behnaz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The early detection of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is important to save people's lives and restart the economy quickly and safely. People’s social behavior as captured by their mobility data plays a role in spreading the disease. Therefore, we used the daily mobility data aggregated at the county level beside COVID-19 statistics and demographic information for short-term forecasting of COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. The daily data are fed to a deep model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict the accumulated number of COVID-19 cases in the next two weeks. A significant average correlation was achieved (r=0.83 (p=0.005)) between the model prediction and the actual accumulated cases in the interval from August 1, 2020 until January 22, 2021. The model predictions had r > 0.7 for 87% of the counties across the United States. Lower correlation was reported for the counties with a total cases of <1,000 during the test interval. The average mean absolute error (MAE) was 605.4, and it was decreasing with the decrease in the total number of cases during the testing interval. The model was able to capture the effect of government responses on COVID-19 cases. Also, it was able to capture the effect of age demographics on the COVID-19 spread where average daily cases decrease with the decrease in retires percentage, and increase with the increase in young percentage. Lessons learned from this study not only can help with managing the COVID-19 pandemic but also could also help with early and effective management of possible future pandemics.