bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plantar shear stress in the diabetic foot: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jones Alexander D. , De Siqueira Jonathan , Nixon Jane E. , Siddle Heidi J. , Culmer Peter R. , Russell David A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsDiabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a multifactorial process involving undetected, repetitive trauma resulting in inflammation and tissue breakdown. Shear stress forms a major part of plantar load, the aim of this review is to determine whether elevated shear stress results in ulceration.MethodsA systematic review of the Ovid Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane library databases was performed. Studies involving patients with diabetes who underwent plantar shear stress assessment were included. The primary outcome was plantar shear stress in patients with diabetes who had a current/previous DFU compared with those with no prior ulceration. Meta‐analysis was performed comparing shear stress between those with a current or previous DFU and those without, and those with diabetes and healthy controls.ResultsThe search strategy identified 1461 potentially relevant articles, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 597 patients. Comparing shear stress between the current/previous DFU group and those without: Standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.62 (95% CI −0.01 to 1.25), in favour of greater shear stress within the DFU group,p = 0.05. Comparing shear stress between people with diabetes and healthy controls: 0.36 (95% CI −0.31 to 1.03), in favour of greater shear stress within the diabetes group,p = 0.29.ConclusionThis review suggests that that patients with diabetes and a history of ulceration exhibit greater shear stress than their ulcer‐free counterparts. This strengthens the premise that development of systems to measure shear stress may be helpful in DFU prediction and prevention.
Psychosocial factors associated with repeat diabetic ketoacidosis in people living with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Allcock Bethan , Stewart Rose , Jackson Mike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo systematically review the literature concerning the psychosocial factors associated with repeat diabetic ketoacidosis for people living with type 1 diabetes.MethodsPsycInfo, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed and ASSIA were searched according to a registered study protocol (PROSPERO CRD42020167381). Data were extracted into a coding spreadsheet, and findings were synthesised narratively. Included papers were also subject to a quality assessment.ResultsThe search yielded 548 unique articles, of which 22 met inclusion criteria for this review. There was considerable variance across studies with regard to design, quality and outcome measured. Nevertheless, there was relatively consistent evidence to suggest that repeat diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes is associated with female gender, adolescent to young adult age range, lower socio‐economic status and poor mental health. Some evidence was also observed for the role of ethnicity and, for children and young people at least, family, social and behavioural issues. However, this was limited by issues of methodological rigour and scant investigation.ConclusionsThe review identified four psychosocial factors that appear to play a key role in the cycle of repeat diabetic ketoacidosis. Individuals with these factors present may benefit from targeted support and interventions by specialist healthcare professionals. Knowledge and understanding in this area would be considerably enhanced via increased use of prospective study designs and greater consistency in the operationalisation of variables across studies.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease‐related risk of cardiovascular disease and other cardiac complications
Authors: Byrne Christopher D. , Targher Giovanni 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground/AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects approximately 25% of the global adult population. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the associations between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD), arrhythmias, cardiac conduction defects, myocardial remodelling and heart failure. We also discuss the potential mechanisms that mediate or attenuate the strength of these associations, and briefly summarize the effect of treatments that both ameliorate NAFLD and decrease risk of CVD.MethodsSearches of PubMed were performed by the two authors using the terms listed in Appendix. We limited the timeframe to the last decade due to the vast amount of research in the field (up to April 2021) for meta‐analyses, reviews and original papers. Only articles published in English were considered.ResultsNAFLD is associated with an increased risk of fatal/non‐fatal CVD events and other cardiac and arrhythmic complications (left ventricular hypertrophy, aortic‐valve sclerosis and certain arrhythmias), independently of common CVD risk factors. There are probably several underlying mechanisms, including hepatic/systemic insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, hypertension and pro‐atherogenic, pro‐coagulant and pro‐inflammatory mediators released from the steatotic/inflamed liver that may be involved. Some genetic polymorphisms, such as PNPLA3 (rs738409 C>G) and TM6SF2 (rs58542926 C>T), may worsen the liver disease, but also attenuate the strength of the association between NAFLD and CVD, possibly via their effects on lipoprotein metabolism. Of the currently tested drugs for treating NAFLD that also benefit the vasculature, pioglitazone and GLP‐1 receptor agonists are the most promising.ConclusionsThe complex interplay between the liver and cardiometabolic risk factors contributes to CVD, arrhythmias and cardiac disease in NAFLD. There is an urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to manage both liver disease and cardiometabolic risk, and to test the cardiovascular and cardiac effects of new drugs for NAFLD.
High concentrations of triglycerides are associated with diabetic kidney disease in new‐onset type 2 diabetes in China: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study
Authors: Gong Lei , Wang Chuan , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Chen Gang , Wan Qin , Qin Guijun , Yan Li , Wang Guixia , Qin Yingfen , Luo Zuojie , Tang Xulei , Huo Yanan , Hu Ruying , Ye Zhen , Shi Lixin , Gao Zhengnan , Su Qing , Mu Yiming , Zhao Jiajun , Chen Lulu , Zeng Tianshu , Yu Xuefeng , Li Qiang , Shen Feixia , Zhang Yinfei , Wang Youmin , Deng Huacong , Liu Chao , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Bi Yufang , Lu Jieli , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Hou Xinguo , Chen Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to evaluate the associations of metabolic abnormalities with incident diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and to explore whether dyslipidaemia, particularly high fasting triglyceride (TG), was associated with the development of DKD.MethodsIn total, 11 142 patients with new‐onset type 2 diabetes with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were followed up during 2011‐2016. Incident DKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at follow‐up. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship of metabolic abnormalities at baseline and at follow‐up with risks of DKD. High TG was defined by TG ≥1.70 mmol/L. Low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) was defined by HDL‐c <1.0 mmol/L for men or <1.3 mmol/L for women.ResultsParticipants who developed DKD had higher levels of waist circumference and systolic blood pressure, and lower levels of HDL‐c at both baseline and follow‐up visits. The DKD group also had higher levels of post‐load plasma glucose and TG at follow‐up. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both high TG at baseline [odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, p = .012) and high TG at follow‐up (OR = 1.71, p < .001) were significantly associated with increased risks of DKD. Patients with high TG levels at both baseline and follow‐up had higher risk of DKD compared with constantly normal TG (OR = 1.65, p < .001) after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsIn a large population of patients with new‐onset type 2 diabetes, a high TG level was an independent risk factor for the development of DKD. Tight TG control might delay the occurrence of DKD.
Diverging facets of grassland ant diversity along a Mediterranean elevational gradient
Authors: Silvestre Mariola , Carmona Carlos P. , Azcárate Francisco M. , Seoane Javier 
Published: July 2021

1. We address associations of taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of ant assemblages with gradients of elevation to assess whether energetic limitations or deterministic or stochastic niche‐building processes are more relevant to the assembly of communities.2. We sampled ant assemblages using pitfall traps in grassland habitats along an elevational gradient of 1712 m in the Guadarrama Mountains of Central Spain. The relationships of alpha and beta diversity metrics with soil temperature, productivity, elevation, and geographical distances were examined with generalised additive (mixed) models.3. The facets of diversity showed strong and partially coincident responses to the gradients, but the responses and the similarities among them weakened or disappeared when the effects of species richness were factored out. TD and FD changed roughly in a similar manner with elevation and productivity, but PD did not show clear responses to those factors. Taxonomic and functional richness increased with productivity and decreased with elevation. Mean pairwise functional and phylogenetic dissimilarities did not change along the gradients. Elevation and productivity gradients accounted for much of the beta TD among assemblages but only explained a moderate variation of functional traits and phylogenetic relationships, while geographical distances were more explanatory of beta PD.4. The partial redundancies among facets of diversity suggest that the spatial variation of diversity is mainly related to the sheer number of species. However, both environmental filtering and limiting similarity could be acting in concordance to reduce the number of species present in communities.
LEOBAT: Lightweight encryption and OTP based authentication technique for securing IoT networks
Authors: Goel Aarti , Sharma Deepak Kumar , Gupta Koyel Datta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAuthentication is one of the foremost pillars in the Internet of Things (IoT) security that authenticates the identity of a device or a person with the help of a unique identification number. If authentication is compromised then an intruder can gain access and launch a variety of attacks on the network. The world of IoT devices is benefiting us in many ways, but the vulnerability of becoming a victim of cybercrime is also increasing at a rapid pace. This research paper proposes an authentication‐based solution for designing a secure communication network to ensure safe access to data and stop attackers from any unauthorized access to various IoT applications using cryptography and cloud computing. The proposed work is then compared with other popular cryptosystems such as Secure Internet of Things (SIT), Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Blowfish. LEOBAT is simulated using MATLAB and proves to be a fast and efficient authentication technique.
Efficacy of a pediatric headache infusion center: A single‐center experience
Authors: Kumar Gogi , Payne Asia M. , Maag Logan Mark , MacDonald Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a pediatric headache infusion center (HIC) in alleviating the symptoms and preventing future visits to the emergency department (ED).BackgroundHeadache is a common reason for visits to the pediatric ED. ED visits are associated with inordinate costs of care and are conceived by parents to be avoidable if adequate alternatives are available. An infusion center for acute treatment of intractable headache in children with chronic migraine may be an effective alternative to an ED visit.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of data from a single‐center cohort of patients with a known history of chronic migraine, presenting to Dayton Children's HIC with an acute migraine from June 1, 2017 to June 1, 2020. Patients were treated according to established protocols divided into two pathways. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, pre‐ and postinfusion pain scores, ED visits and inpatient admissions within 2 weeks of HIC visit, and ED visits 1 year prior and 1 year after the HIC visit were noted.ResultsA total of 297 HIC visits were analyzed from 201 patients. The HIC was effective in controlling symptoms with a significant reduction in pain score (median [interquartile range; IQR] 7.0 [2.0] preinfusion vs. 1.0 [2.0] postinfusion, p < 0.001). Only 25/297 (8.4%) patients came to the ED within 2 weeks of the HIC visit, and an even smaller number of patients (20/297, 6.7%) were admitted as inpatients within 2 weeks of the HIC visit. The number of ED visits was significantly reduced in the year after the HIC visit compared with the year prior (median [IQR] 1.0 [2.0] before vs. 0.0 [1.0] after, p < 0.001).ConclusionA pediatric HIC is effective in alleviating the symptoms and preventing ED visits. These centers should be considered as standard of care at children's hospitals.
Non‐malignant portal vein thrombosis in a cohort of cirrhotic patients: Incidence and risk factors
Authors: Lopez‐Gomez Marta , Llop Elba , Puente Angela , Hernández Conde Marta , Ruiz Patricia , Alvárez Silvia , Martínez Jose Luis , Abad Javier , Fernández Natalia , Perelló Christie , Fernández‐Carrillo Carlos , Ferre Carlos , Trapero Maria , Fraga Enrique , Crespo Javier , Calleja Panero Jose Luis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimNon‐malignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a complication of liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the annual incidence of PVT and related risk factors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical, laboratory, and radiological data collected prospectively from September 2016 to September 2017. A follow‐up of 36 months was performed in a subset of patients to determine the cumulative incidence of PVT and related complications.ResultsThe study included 567 patients. The incidence of PVT at 12, 24, and 36 months was 3.7%, 0.8%, and 1.4%, respectively. Patients with PVT were compared with patients without PVT, and showed differences in albumin (p = 0.04), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), hemoglobin (p = 0.01), and prothrombin activity (p = 0.01). The presence of hydropic decompensation (57.1% vs. 30.1%; p 0.004), gastroesophageal varices (76.2% vs. 39.5%; p = 0.05), variceal bleeding (52.4% vs. 22.7%; p < 0.001), hepatic encephalopathy (38.1% vs. 9.9%; p = 0.01), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (9.5% vs. 1.7%; p < 0.001), and use of beta‐blockers (71.4% vs. 27.7%; p < 0.001) were significantly associated. In the multivariate analysis, use of beta‐blockers and hepatic encephalopathy appeared as risk factors, and high albumin levels a protective factor.ConclusionsThe incidence of PVT was 3.7%. Beta‐blockers and hepatic encephalopathy were risks factors. High albumin levels were a protective factor.
Effectiveness of smartphone application–based self‐management interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: He Qianyu , Zhao Xiaoyan , Wang Yarui , Xie Qinqin , Cheng Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo synthesize evidences on smartphone application–based intervention and determine its effectiveness on glycaemic control, self‐management behaviours, psychological well‐being, quality of life and cardiometabolic risk factors.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesMajor English and Chinese electronic databases were searched from January 2008 to January 2021, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Sinomed.Review methodsRCTs were screened and selected if they used smartphone applications to support patients in the self‐management of diabetes. Data extraction and methodological assessment were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta‐analysis was performed to pool the intervention effect on outcomes of interest using RevMan 5.3.ResultsAcross 19 included trials involving 2585 participants, smartphone application–based interventions were associated with a clinically and statistically significant reduction of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Beneficial effects were also observed in participants’ behavioural performance, especially in medication adherence. Intervention effects on psychological status, quality of life and cardiometabolic risk factors were nonsignificant. Subgroup analysis showed interactive approach with medium frequency or flexible facilitator–patient interaction induced a larger effect on HbA1c reduction. Besides, patients with baseline HbA1c ≥9% benefited more than those with HbA1c <9% from the use of smartphone applications.ConclusionsSmartphone application–based diabetes self‐management intervention could optimize patients’ glycaemic control and enhance participants’ self‐management performance. Further endeavour is required to examine the long‐term effects and cost‐effectiveness of smartphone application–based intervention before promoting the adoption and dissemination of such intervention.ImpactThis review supports the potential of smartphone application–based intervention as effective approach to optimize glycaemic control and promote self‐management engagement among patients with type 2 diabetes. Suggestions for future research and practice are provided and discussed.
The extravascular implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator: The pivotal study plan
Authors: Crozier Ian , O'Donnell David , Boersma Lucas , Murgatroyd Francis , Manlucu Jaimie , Knight Bradley P. , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika Maria , Leclercq Christophe , Thompson Amy , Sawchuk Robert , Willey Sarah , Wiggenhorn Christopher , Friedman Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (TV ICD) provide life‐saving therapy for millions of patients worldwide. However, they are susceptible to several potential short‐ and long‐ term complications including cardiac perforation and pneumothorax, lead dislodgement, venous obstruction, and infection. The extravascular ICD system's novel design and substernal implant approach avoids the risks associated with TV ICDs while still providing pacing features and similar generator size to TV ICDs.Study DesignThe EV ICD pivotal study is a prospective, multicenter, single‐arm, nonrandomized, premarket clinical study designed to examine the safety and acute efficacy of the system. This study will enroll up to 400 patients with a Class I or IIa indication for implantation of an ICD. Implanted subjects will be followed up to approximately 3.5 years, depending on when the patient is enrolled.ObjectiveThe clinical trial is designed to demonstrate safety and effectiveness of the EV ICD system in human use. The safety endpoint is freedom from major complications, while the efficacy endpoint is defibrillation success. Both endpoints will be assessed against prespecified criteria. Additionally, this study will evaluate antitachycardia pacing performance, electrical performance, extracardiac pacing sensation, asystole pacing, appropriate and inappropriate shocks, as well as a summary of adverse events.ConclusionThe EV ICD pivotal study is designed to provide clear evidence addressing the safety and efficacy performance of the EV ICD System.
Same‐day discharge after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation in a large nationwide administrative claims database
Authors: Field Michael E. , Goldstein Laura , Corriveau Kevin , Khanna Rahul , Fan Xiaozhou , Gold Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation (CA) is a common treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). This study evaluated outcomes of same day discharge (SDD) versus overnight stay (ONS) among AF patients undergoing outpatient CA.MethodsThe Optum SES Clinformatics Extended Data Mart database was used to identify patients ≥18 years of age undergoing outpatient CA for AF (2016–2020). Eligible patients were indexed to the date of first CA and classified into SDD and ONS groups based on the length of service. A 1:3 propensity score matching was used to create comparable SDD:ONS samples. The primary safety outcome was CA‐related complications within 30 days of index procedure. The primary efficacy outcome was AF recurrence within 1 year. Cox proportional hazards models were estimated for outcome comparison.ResultsIn the postmatch 30‐day cohort for safety evaluation, there were 6600 patients (1660 [25.2%] SDD; 4940 [74.8%] ONS), with a mean age of 66.6 years. There was no significant difference in the 30‐day composite rate of postablation complications (4.7% [78/1660] vs. 3.8% [187/4940];p = 0.100) and 1‐year composite rate of AF recurrence (14.3% [142/996] vs. 14.5% [430/2972];p = 0.705) between the SDD and ONS groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that SDD following CA to treat patients with AF is safe, with low rates of postablation complications and AF recurrence, which were comparable to rates in patients with an ONS after CA.
Phenotypic and functional variation in venom and venom resistance of two sympatric rattlesnakes and their prey
Authors: Robinson Kelly E. , Holding Matthew L. , Whitford Malachi D. , Saviola Anthony J. , Yates John R. , Clark Rulon W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPredator–prey interactions often lead to the coevolution of adaptations associated with avoiding predation and, for predators, overcoming those defences. Antagonistic coevolutionary relationships are often not simple interactions between a single predator and prey but rather a complex web of interactions between multiple coexisting species. Coevolution between venomous rattlesnakes and small mammals has led to physiological venom resistance in several mammalian taxa. In general, viperid venoms contain large quantities of snake venom metalloproteinase toxins (SVMPs), which are inactivated by SVMP inhibitors expressed in resistant mammals. We explored variation in venom chemistry, SVMP expression, and SVMP resistance across four co‐distributed species (California Ground Squirrels, Bryant's Woodrats, Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes, and Red Diamond Rattlesnakes) collected from four different populations in Southern California. Our aim was to understand phenotypic and functional variation in venom and venom resistance in order to compare coevolutionary dynamics of a system involving two sympatric predator–prey pairs to past studies that have focused on single pairs. Proteomic analysis of venoms indicated that these rattlesnakes express different phenotypes when in sympatry, with Red Diamonds expressing more typical viperid venom (with a diversity of SVMPs) and Southern Pacifics expressing a more atypical venom with a broader range of non‐enzymatic toxins. We also found that although blood sera from both mammals were generally able to inhibit SVMPs from both rattlesnake species, inhibition depended strongly on the snake population, with snakes from one geographic site expressing SVMPs to which few mammals were resistant. Additionally, we found that Red Diamond venom, rather than woodrat resistance, was locally adapted. Our findings highlight the complexity of coevolutionary relationships between multiple predators and prey that exhibit similar offensive and defensive strategies in sympatry.