bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS comparison of the chemical composition of flowers from two Arnica species grown in Poland
Authors: Kimel Katarzyna , Krauze-Baranowska Mirosława , Godlewska Sylwia , Pobłocka-Olech Loretta 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Introduction: Arnica flowers are used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. According to EMA only endangered Arnica montana provides the medicinal plant material. However, some European countries also allow the use of A. chamissonis flowers, whose chemical composition is not known in detail.

Objective: The aim of the study was to recognize and compare the chemical composition of A. montana and A. chamissonis flowers collected from plants cultivated in Poland.

Methods: HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis comprised phenolic acids, flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones.

Results: Thirty eight flavonoids and phenolic acids were recognized and quantified, with patuletin, 6-methoxykaempferol and quercetin present only in A. chamissonis flowers. Moreover, helenalin and acetyl-dihydrohelenalin were identified.

Conclusion:
A. montana and A. chamissonis flowers from plants grown in Poland possess similar composition of simple phenols and polyphenols, present in concentration slightly higher in A. montana. Helenalin and dihydrohelenalin esters identified in arnica flowers from various regions of Europe were not detected.
In vivo immuno - and angiomodulatory effects of Aloe arborescens folii recentis extractum siccum (AAES) in mice
Authors: Zdanowski Robert , Bałan Barbara J. , Schönknecht Karina , Skopiński Piotr , Stelmasiak Marta , Skopińska-Różewska Ewa , Lewicki Sławomir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction
AAES is a powdered form of Biostymina, herbal medicinal product of Phytopharm Klęka S.A., a water extract of Aloe arborescens Mill. leaves. Aloe arborescens Mill. (woody aloe, tree-like aloe) is known to have several traditional medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral and antimicrobial activity.

Objective
The aim of this work was to study the in vivo effect of AAES on cellular (leukocyte-induced cutaneous angiogenesis, LIA test, and proliferative response to PHA) and humoral (anti-SRBC antibody response) immunity in mice.

Methods
Balb/c mice were fed AAES from 0.5 to 75 mg/kg body mass for seven days before grafting their splenocytes intradermally to F1 (Balb/cxC3H) recipients (LIA test). Neovascular reaction was evaluated 72 h later in dissection microscope. Spleen cell cultures were incubated with 0.5, 1 and 2 μg/ml of PHA. After 48 h of incubation, tritiated thymidine was added. After further 24 h, cells were harvested (Skatron) and incorporation of tritiated thymidine was measured using Beta-scintillation counter. Balb/c mice were fed for 7 days with AAES, then immunized intraperitoneally with 5% SRBC suspension and 7 days later the antibody response was measured with hemagglutination test.

Results
Neovascular reaction was significantly higher in groups grafted with splenocytes collected from all AAES fed donors than from the controls. The proliferation of splenocytes taken from mice fed AAES at doses ranging from 0.5 mg/kg to 7.5 mg/kg was stimulated in all cultures. Suppression of proliferation was observed in cell cultures derived from mice fed with higher doses of AAES. Stimulation of anti-SRBC antibody production was seen in mice fed both 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg dose of AAES.

Conclusion
Powdered form of Biostymina (AAES) might be useful in the treatment of patients with ischaemia of tissues and organs (myocardial infarction, stroke, necrosis) and in deficiency in the production of immune cells and growth factors (infections, chronic wound healing, ulceration and bone fusion).
Vegetation period of genetic resources of flax (Linum usitatissimumL.)
Authors: Silska Grażyna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionInstitute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants (INF&MP) is involved in gathering and evaluation of genetic resources of flax (Linum usitatissimumL.), hemp (Cannabis sativaL.) and medicinal plants, because Poland has signed the Convention on Biological Diversity. Field trials were carried out in 1990–2001 in the Experimental Station in Wojciechów located in Opolskie region. The research material was accessions of genetic resources from the collection of flax, stored at the Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Radzików near Warsaw.ObjectiveThe aim of the publication was to evaluate the following biological features of flax: time of beginning of flowering and vegetation period to yellow maturity.MethodsThe characteristics data for flax accessions are presented according to the methodology of development of the International Flax Database. Each flax accessions from the world collection of flax genetic resources received one of the following assessments of two vegetation periods: very short, short, medium, long and very long. Descriptors of biological features of flax were used, presented in “List of flax descriptors (L. usitatissimumL.)” edited by Janka Nozkova, published in 2011. These descriptors are used to develop the International Flax Database, which in turn helps in the rapid evaluation of theL. usitatissimumgenetic resource collection. Carrying out a detailed characterization of biological features ofL. usitatissimumaccessions is very helpful for breeders in selecting genetic material for breeding new varieties of flax.ResultsThe following results were obtained from the time of the beginning of flowering and the vegetation period to yellow maturity. Time of beginning of flowering was the following: very short – 0 accessions, short – 97 accessions, medium – 20 accessions, long – 2 accessions and very long – 0 accessions of flax. The genotypes tested were characterized by the following results in terms of vegetation period from sowing to yellow maturity: very short – 0, short – 37, medium – 62, long – 0 and very long – 0 accessions of flax.ConclusionsTime of beginning of flowering and the vegetation period to yellow maturity shall be revalorised to the International Flax Database for thoseL. usitatissimumaccessions that did not receive the same assessment of the biological features tested in the two or three years of the study.
Introduction
Authors: Szabó Levente T. , Berszán István 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the first part of the Introduction Levente T. Szabó introduces Hungarian Studies Yearbook revealing its purpose to serve as a new scholarly hub and focal point for Hungarian studies oriented both towards methodologically challenging experiences and an evidence-based, resource-oriented Hungarian studies. In the second part of the introduction István Berszán presents the thematic issue “Kinetic Spaces – the Challenge of Complexity by Practical Rhythms”, which initiates interdisciplinary research into the rhythm of practices and occurrences in order to open fields of orientation that are larger than recent paradigmatic spaces.
‘IF’: Planning, Research and Co-creation of an Existential Installation-performance
Authors: Sebestyén Rita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In her article “‘IF’: Planning, Research and Co-creation of an Existential Installation-performance” Rita Sebestyén offers an account of the research period and performances of the experimental, action-research based and interdisciplinary performance ‘IF’. The installation-performance was co-created by a group of Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and Hungarian artists, and conceived and produced for an international audience. ‘IF’ poses a series of existential questions throughout four interactive installations that allow the audience to interact and become co-creators of the performance, together with the performer-facilitator. Using biology, anthropology, mathematics, elements of gamification, sociology and futurology, this performance is a cross-disciplinary and cross-genre experience, and its research cycles are of both scientific and artistic interest, as the author points it out.
Genetics and Ethics: “Do not Go Alone”!
Authors: Falus András 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In his article “Genetics and ethics: ‘Do not go alone’”! András Falus presents genomics as a network science triggering an entirely new trend in contemporary biology. Based on the advent of molecular biology the complete sequence of human and other genomes has been determined and since all information is available on internet-based databanks, the huge mass of data is being analysed by advanced methods of informatics. The author is focusing on the upcoming ethical aspect of genetics and genomics, then, in the second part of the article he answers the questions of the editor concerning the genetic approach to ethics and ethical approach to genetics.
Digital Genealogy
Authors: Fenyvesi Anna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates how methods of digital genealogy can be used to trace personal histories in innovative ways to uncover potentially significant details of settlement history where information in historical sources is scarce. It uses the example of a mid-18th century Roman Catholic settler and his family in Szentes, a small town on the Great Hungarian Plain, at a time when mass migration into this region was happening from overpopulated regions of the Kingdom of Hungary. Records of the settlement history of the town are meagre at best, but this important aspect of social history can be supplemented through meticulous research into the Family Search genealogy database.
Loanwords and Expressions Denoting Hues in Old Hungarian
Authors: Fazakas Emese 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study presents loanwords and expressions referring to hues in the old Hungarian language. It relays mostly on data collected from the Historical Dictionary of Hungarian Language from Transylvania (SzT.), and it also uses data from the Hungarian Etymological Dictionary (TESz.). A number of studies have been written about the Hungarian colour terms presenting usage and distribution, yet only few of them dealt with their etymology and their historical usage. The present paper focuses on the etymology of terms denoting hues, and aims to present reasons for naming and using these loan colour terms. The study investigates whether these terms appearing in old Transylvanian texts were loanwords, loan expressions or they were simply used as a result of linguistic interference.
Two Relative Contact Phenomena in the Language use of Hungarians in Transylvania
Authors: Benő Attila 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper discusses two peculiarities of language use generally taken to be relative contact phenomena in case of Hungarian in bilingual, non-dominant context: the preference of analytical linguistic variants and non-standard plural forms. The data come from two sociolinguistic surveys conducted in Transylvania (in 1996 and 2009). The surveys were carried out with the participation of a representative sample of speakers. The 1996 survey was conducted with a quota sample (N = 216 in Romania and N = 107 in Hungary) and the 2009 sample with a representative sample (N = 4058 in Romania). The hypothesis that Romanian-dominant bilingual speakers tend to exhibit relative contact phenomena to a larger extent was supported with respect to these two issues. The results show that the occurrence of these phenomena is determined both by the language competence of the dominant language and by the regional characteristics of the bilingualism. The results confirm the possibility that the spoken-language properties under discussion are relative contact phenomena.
Kettlebell Training for Female Ballet Dancers: Effects on Lower Limb Power and Body Balance
Authors: Grigoletto Davide , Marcolin Giuseppe , Borgatti Elena , Zonin Fabio , Steele James , Gentil Paulo , Galvão Luan , Paoli Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 5 month kettlebell-based training on jumping performance, balance, blood pressure and heart rate in female classical ballet dancers. It was a clinical trial study with 23 female dancers (age = 21.74 ± 3.1 years; body height = 168.22 ± 5.12 cm; body mass = 53.69 ± 5.91 kg) took part in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: a kettlebell group (n = 13), that followed a commercial kettlebell training protocol named the “Simple & Sinister protocol”, and a traditional dance training control group (n = 10). In the kettlebell group, kettlebell training completely replaced the jump and balance section of dance classes. Both groups performed balance and jumping tests before and after the training period. Blood pressure and the heart rate were also measured. The kettlebell group showed significant improvements in the balance tests (antero-posterior and medio-lateral oscillation) with both legs and eyes open as well as in all types of jump exercises (unrotated: +39.13%, p < 0.005; with a turnout: +53.15%, p < 0.005), while maximum and minimum blood pressure and the heart rate decreased significantly (max: -7.90%, p < 0.05; min: -9.86%, p < 0.05; Heart rate: -17.07%, p < 0.01). The results for the control group were non-significant for any variable. Comparison between groups showed significant differences for all variables analyzed, with greater improvements for the kettlebell group. Our results suggest that specific kettlebell training could be effective in improving jump performance and balance in classical dancers to a significantly greater degree compared to classical dance training.
Caffeine Increases Muscle Performance During a Bench Press Training Session
Authors: Giráldez-Costas Verónica , González-García Jaime , Lara Beatriz , Coso Juan Del , Wilk Michal , Salinero Juan José 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Previous investigations have established the ergogenic effect of caffeine on maximal muscle strength, power output and strength-endurance. However, these investigations used testing protocols that do not replicate the structure of a regular strength training session. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on muscle performance during a simulated velocity-based training workout. In a double-blind, randomized and counterbalanced experiment, 12 participants performed two experimental trials after ingesting 3 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine or a placebo. The trials consisted of 4 sets of 8 repetitions of the bench press exercise at 70% of their one-repetition maximum performed at maximal velocity. Bar velocity was recorded with a rotatory encoder and force, power output and work were calculated. Regarding the whole workout, caffeine increased mean bar velocity (+7.8%; p=0.002), peak bar velocity (+8.7%; p=0.006), mean force (+1.5%; p=0.002), mean power output (+10.1%; p=0.003) and peak power output (+8.2%; p=0.004) when compared to the placebo. The total work performed in the caffeine trial was superior to the placebo trial (7.01±2.36 vs 6.55±2.20 kJ, p=0.001). These results suggest that the acute intake of 3 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine before a velocity-based strength workout increased muscle performance and the total work performed across the whole training session. Thus, caffeine can be considered as an effective strategy to enhance muscle performance during the bench press training sessions.
Genetics of Muscle Stiffness, Muscle Elasticity and Explosive Strength
Authors: Maciejewska-Skrendo Agnieszka , Leźnicka Katarzyna , Leońska-Duniec Agata , Wilk Michal , Filip Aleksandra , Cięszczyk Paweł , Sawczuk Marek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Muscle stiffness, muscle elasticity and explosive strength are the main components of athletes’ performance and they show a sex-based as well as ethnicity variation. Muscle stiffness is thought to be one of the risk factors associated with sports injuries and is less common in females than in males. These observations may be explained by circulating levels of sex hormones and their specific receptors. It has been shown that higher levels of estrogen are associated with lower muscle stiffness responsible for suppression of collagen synthesis. It is thought that these properties, at least in part, depend on genetic factors. Particularly, the gene encoding estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) is one of the candidates that may be associated with muscle stiffness. Muscle elasticity increases with aging and there is evidence suggesting that titin (encoded by the TTN gene), a protein that is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles, is one of the factors responsible for elastic properties of the muscles. Mutations in the TTN gene result in some types of muscular dystrophy or cardiomyopathy. In this context, TTN may be regarded as a promising candidate for studying the elastic properties of muscles in athletes. The physiological background of explosive strength depends not only on the muscle architecture and muscle fiber composition, but also on the central nervous system and functionality of neuromuscular units. These properties are, at least partly, genetically determined. In this context, the ACTN3 gene code for α-actinin 3 has been widely researched.
Privacy and Proportionality: Examining Mass Electronic Surveillance under Article 8 and the Fourth Amendment
Authors: Carpenter Christine 
Published: April 2021

Summary
An individual citizen’s right to privacy has found extensive protection in the modern democratic state. However, with the increase of technological innovation and new kinds of threats, democratic states must grapple with balancing a problem that can never be wholly solved—governments seeking to create the optimal degree of security inevitably conflicts with citizens’ optimal degree of privacy. This article examines one vehicle through which governments have prioritized national security at the expense of individual privacy: mass electronic surveillance. Employing the case study method, this article compares three cases where mass electronic surveillance measures were challenged before the European Court of Human Rights under Article 8 against four cases where such measures were challenged in the U.S. judicial system under the Fourth Amendment. This article seeks to determine how the treatment of privacy infringements created by mass electronic surveillance differs when examined in these two different privacy regimes. I argue the Strasbourg Court’s use of what is known in the literature as the “proportionality analysis” provoked by Article 8(2) allows for more substantial protections of privacy rights in Europe than under the Fourth Amendment in the U.S..
Victims of crime and harmonization of the legal regulation of their rights in the EU and the Czech Republic
Authors: Malacka Michal 
Published: April 2021

Summary
This study reflect the international sources of law and documents relating to the protection and support of crime victims from the global and European point of view following the global and European Union concept and the importance of the Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the European Council of 25 October 2012. Establishing minimum rules on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime. This study will also introduce the most important sources of law and international context related to the victims of crime as an existing category of victims in general. The EU member states are obliged to reflect the views and needs of victims, to respect human dignity and the right to privacy, enable the possibility to receive fair compensation from the perpetrator or other sources, and to provide victims with material, medical, psychological and social assistance from state and non-governmental organizations. Concerning the other documents, what is also essential for victims to access their rights and influenced national Victims of Crime Acts is especially the Council Directive 2004/80/EC of 29 April 2004, relating to compensation to crime victims and Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime to be mentioned.
Giant Retroperitoneal Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Dimitrov Dobromir D. 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas comprise a relatively rare entity with incidence rates of less than 1% of all malignancies. The surgical treatment of these tumors is challenging. We present a case of a 70-year-old patient who underwent radical surgery at the Department of Surgical Oncology at the University Hospital in Pleven for giant dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The patient presented with cachexia, anemia, dull abdominal pain, and a huge abdominal mass. After ultrasound and CT, the tumor was assessed as resectable. The removed tumor mass weighed 5.7 kg. Nowadays, complete resection of such tumors remains the most important predictive factor for local recurrence and overall survival.
Meningeal Melanocytoma of the Middle Cranial Fossa: A Case Report
Authors: Valkov Iliya V. , Mladenovski Milan N. 
Published: April 2021

Summary
The term meningeal melanocytoma was first introduced by Limas and Tio in 1972 to figure out lesions of the central nervous system that, under light microscope view, have meningioma characteristics, and ultrastructural characteristics of melanocyte neoplasm, respectively. Meningeal melanocytomas (MM) represent 0.06-0.1% of brain tumors. The annual incidence is about 1 per 10 million. This type of neoplasm is rarely seen in clinical practice. A few cases have been reported in the literature. A 62-year-old man was admitted, complaining of trigeminal pain in the area of the I and II branches of CN V on the left of his face. He underwent two surgeries in a row. First, malignant melanoma, and then meningeal melanocytoma were histologically verified. Neurological examination demonstrated hyperpigmented left iris, neuralgic pain in I and II branches of CN V, latent central hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia for the right extremities, positive Babinski reflex on the right, positive axial pathological reflexes, and partial motor aphasia.
Primary intracranial meningeal melanocytoma is difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of the tumor’s non-specific clinical and neuroradiological characteristics. So electron microscopy and immunohistochemical additional diagnostic confirmation are mandatory. Immunohistochemical findings - the presence of S-100 protein, vimentin, and antimelanocyte antigen HMB-45, no reaction for EMA and ultrastructural (melanosomes in different maturation, contacts type zonula adherens) are all in favour of the histopathological diagnosis of MM. Meningeal melanocytoma is a slow-growing tumor, biologically benign, and attempts for surgical radicalism are recommended. It is not entirely clear whether a malignant transformation of these tumors is possible. The role of chemotherapy also remains questionable and has not been documented as effective.
Presence of EBV and HPV Infection in Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma in the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Strateva Diana S. , Yordanov Yordan D. , Malkodanski Ivan Tsv. , Mihaylov Ilia I. 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Squamous cell carcinoma is the cause in most cases of cervical cancer. A very unusual subtype of squamous cell carcinoma is lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, found in less than 1% of the neoplasm processes in the uterine cervix. Histologically it looks like a large nest of big-sized tumor cells with large vascular nuclei. Immunohistochemical markers used for LELC are p63, p16, human leukocyte antigen-D related (HLA-DR), and B-cell lymphoma 2. Even though it has aggressive morphological features, it has a better prognosis than most carcinoma cases of the uterine cervix. The condition is treatable, with a hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as the most common method. There are rare cases of pelvic lymph node dissection reported in the literature.
There is data that lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is associated with the Ebstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus. According to a survey by Tseng et al. and Chao et al., EBV is associated with LELC in Asian women, while HPV is associated with Caucasian women.
Due to the small number of studies found in the literature, no conclusion can be drawn concerning the said viruses’ involvement in Asian and Caucasian patients.