bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyst Improved Stereoselectivity and Regioselectivity Control to Access Completely Alternating Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) with Enhanced Properties
Authors: Guo Xuanhua , Ahmed Hassan , Xu Guangqiang , Wang Qinggang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) with completely alternating sequence has attracted growing attention as an ideal candidate in controlled drug delivery. However, the approach to completely alternating PLGA remains a challenge. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of completely alternating PLGA via highly regioselective and stereoselective ring‐opening polymerization. The chiral (BisSalen)Al catalyst promoted a robust polymerization of enantiopure 3‐methyl glycolide (MeG) with highly glycolyl site selectivity, affording alternating PLGA with regioselectivity up to more than 99 %. Impressively, the completely alternating PLGA exhibited a well‐defined melting temperature Tm of 143.1 °C. Moreover, a stereocomplex between PLLGA and PDLGA was also formed with the improved Tm of 211.8 °C. The In vitro degradation and drug release experiments revealed the linear degradation and controlled drug release behavior of completely alternating PLGA, which can be used as an ideal carrier for mild long‐acting drug delivery. Meanwhile, the reason of the high regioselectivity was investigated through the control experiments and DFT calculation. This highly regioselective (BisSalen)Al catalyst opens a door to providing completely alternating polymers.
Semiconductive Coordination Polymer with Multi‐Channel Charge Transfer for High‐Performance Direct X‐ray Detection
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Qing , Sun Li‐Bo , Li Qing‐Yi , Wang Bo‐Lun , Wang Ming‐Sheng , Li Ji‐Yang , Guo Guo‐Cong , Yu Ji‐Hong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCoordination polymers (CPs) are promising for direct X‐ray detection and imaging owing to higher designability and outstanding stability, however, it remains a challenge to achieve highly X‐ray detection performance, particularly both high sensitivity and low detection limit at the same operating voltage. Herein, we construct a new conjugated CP {[Co(BPTTz)(DIPA)] ⋅ DMA}n (1, BPTTz=2,5‐bis(pyridine‐4‐yl)thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole, H2DIPA=2,5‐diiodoterephthalic acid, DMA=N, N’‐dimethylacetamide), with multi‐channel charge transfer by regulating the linker mediated electronic‐state, which reduces carrier losses resulting from recombination or quenching, enhances the efficiency of charge separation and transfer, thus further optimizes X‐ray detection performance. The semiconductor prepared based on this strategy achieves record values including the highest mobility‐lifetime product (μτ, 8.05×10−3 cm2 V−1) and the lowest detectable X‐ray dose rate (128 nGyair S−1, 35 V) among CP‐based direct radiation detectors, as well as a high sensitivity (172 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, 35 V) at the same operating voltage. This detector shows excellent long‐time air stability under ambient conditions for over three months and operational stability. These findings demonstrate a rational structural design method to enhance the photoelectronic efficiency and stability of semiconductive CPs.
Constrained Heterogeneous CoFe2O4/ZnO/PMS Fenton‐Like System for Industrial Wastewater Remediation with Recyclability and Zero Metal Loss
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Wenyuan , Liu Qi , Chen Zhuan , Cao Jiazhen , Luo Jinming , Xing Mingyang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough heterogeneous Fenton‐like processes have attracted widespread attention in wastewater treatment, the mass leached active ions lead to secondary pollution and confuse the demarcation of reaction region. By constructing a constrained completely heterogeneous system and highlighting its reaction region concentrated within the slipping plane of particles, this work achieves efficient organic pollutants degradation without leaching of any free active metal components. Based on the Poisson–Boltzmann equation and electric double layer model, the specific existing of the constrained region is confirmed, and this neglected reaction region between solid interface and slipping plane in traditional heterogeneous Fenton‐like reaction is clarified firstly. Due to the unique constrained property, this system demonstrates exceptional potentials application to natural water and actual industrial wastewater for its broad resistance to environmental interference. Furthermore, the alkalization aging process enables this system achieve catalyst recycle and zero metal ions emission with maintaining outstanding pollutants removing performance even in high‐salt wastewater, exhibiting the superiority of the constrained completely heterogeneous system. This work demonstrated the important reaction region within slipping plane and provided a clearer boundary in heterogeneous Fenton‐like system.
In‐Situ Growth of Metallocluster Inside Heterometal‐Organic Cage to Switch Electron Transfer for Targeted CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yang Yang , Dong Man , Wu Qi , Qin Chao , Chen Weichao , Geng Yun , Wu Shuangxue , Sun Chunyi , Shao Kuizhan , Su Zhongmin , Wang Xinlong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConstruction of metal‐organic cages (MOCs) with internal modifications is a promising avenue to build enzyme‐like cavities and unlocking the mystery of highly catalytic activity and selectivity of enzymes. However, current interests are mainly focused on single‐metal‐node cages, little achievement has been expended to metallocluster‐based architectures, and the in situ endogenous generation of metal clusters. Herein, based on the hard‐soft‐acids‐bases (HSAB), the metallocluster‐based heterometallic MOC (Cu3VMOP) constructed of [Cu3OPz3]+ and [V6O6(OCH3)9(SO4)(CO2)3]2− clusters was obtained by one‐pot method. In addition, Cu4I4 was generated in situ in the cage to form Cu4I4@Cu3VMOP by the coordination‐driven hierarchical self‐assembly strategy. As catalysts for CO2 reduction, Cu3VMOP produces HCOOH and CH3COOH as the main reduction product with yield of CH3COOH up to 0.9 mmol g−1, ranking among the highest value of reported materials, whereas Cu4I4@Cu3VMOP exhibited targeted CO2‐to‐HCOOH conversion with 100 % formic acid selectivity and the yield outperforms that of Cu3VMOP by 5 fold. Theoretical calculations and femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption reveal that endogenous Cu4I4 not only regulates orbital arrangements and enhances localized electron states to generate a long‐lived charge‐separated state, but also raises *CO coupling energy barrier, resulting in the targeted conversion of CO2 to formic acid.
Using the S‐DIKW framework to transform data visualization into data storytelling
Authors: Lo Duca Angelica , McDowell Kate 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCommunicating insights from data effectively requires design skills, technical knowledge, and experience. Data must be accurately represented with aesthetically pleasing visuals and engaging text to effectively communicate to the intended audience. Data storytelling has received much attention lately, but as of yet, it does not have a theoretical and practical foundation in information science. A data story adds context, narrative, and structure to the visual representation of data, providing audiences with character, plot, and a holistic experience of narrative. This paper proposes a methodological approach to transform a data visualization into a data story based on the Data‐Information‐Knowledge‐Wisdom (DIKW) pyramid and the S‐DIKW Framework. Starting from the bottom of the pyramid, the proposed approach defines a strategy to represent insights extracted from data. Data is then turned into information by identifying character(s) facing a problem, adding textual and graphic content; information is turned into knowledge by organizing what happens as a plot. Finally, a call to wise action—always informed by cultural and community values—completes the storytelling transformation to create a data story. This article contributes to the theoretical understanding of data stories as emerging information forms, supporting richer understandings of a story as information in the information sciences.
Template‐Free N‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon from Azobenzene‐Interconnected Polyimide for Ultra‐Stable Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Zhou He , Gu Yunjiao , Liu Fenghua , Wu Weiping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFacile preparation of N‐doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) materials with controllable composition and porosity is crucial for advancing the development of high‐performance supercapacitors. In this study, a new NHPC has been created by first using the one‐pot synthesis of in‐situ dual‐crosslinking azobenzene‐interconnected polyimide precursors from ingeniously designed three monomers, followed by carbonization activation. We have found that during the polymer precursor synthesis stage, the incorporation of azobenzene into the polyimide network is the key, as it not only functions as an in‐situ N‐rich source but also enables the template‐free formation of a multi‐scale micro/nanoporous carbon structure, which is critical for enhancing electrical performance and stability. The resulting N‐doped carbon material with a specific surface area of 900.1 m2 g−1 exhibits a maximum capacitance of 179.2 F g−1 in a three‐electrode configuration. The assembled symmetric supercapacitor using NHPC as the electrode delivers a good energy density (18.0 Wh kg−1) and power density (799.51 W kg−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1. Most notably, the NHPC electrode retains an efficiency of 113.5 % without decrease, demonstrating impressive cycling stability, even after 5000 charge‐discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. This study offers a new and universal molecular design methodology for advancing supercapacitor materials with outstanding cycling stabilities.
Encapsulation of Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Spondias pinnata (L. F.) Kurz. Aqueous Extracts in Nanoliposomes: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Screening of Antidiabetic Activity
Authors: Wadasinghe Ransika Ransarani , Kalansuriya Pabasara , Attanayake Anoja Priyadarshani 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and determine the antidiabetic activity of Gmelina arborea and Spondias pinnata aqueous extract‐encapsulated nanoliposomes (GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL). GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL were synthesized using modified emulsification and ultrasonication. The average size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL were 307 ± 2 nm, 0.429 ± 0.006, −19.95 ± 2.47 mV, and 389 ± 1 nm, 0.366 ± 0.011, and −27.27 ± 0.75 mV, respectively. The synthesized GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL had encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 84.33% ± 0.37% and 95.42% ± 0.56%, and loading capacity (LC) of 2.49% ± 0.08% and 23.83% ± 0.44%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data indicated successful encapsulation of G. arborea and S. pinnata extracts into liposome matrix. The GAE‐NL showed increased/comparable α‐glucosidase and dipeptide peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activities and glucose uptake potency. The SAE‐NL demonstrated superior α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to acarbose, a standard antidiabetic drug. In conclusion, GAE‐NL and SAE‐NL could be used to develop drug leads against diabetes mellitus.
Unveiling the Critical Role of High‐/Low‐Index Facets in Nanostructured Energy Materials for Enhancing the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Alam Suhaib , Yamashita Hiromi , Verma Priyanka 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe surface properties of nanostructured materials, especially the role of facets, have emerged as a central focus in improving photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. High‐/low‐index facets in semiconductor nanostructures feature unique atomic structures, chemical reactivity, and electronic characteristics, critically influencing light absorption, charge separation, and catalytic activity, significantly enhancing the PEC efficiency. High‐index facets, distinguished by distinct atomic structures, generally demonstrate enhanced catalytic activity owing to their higher surface energy and increased density of reactive sites. However, they tend to be less stable compared to low‐index facets. In contrast, low‐index facets offer better thermodynamic stability but may have reduced catalytic activity. Achieving the balance between these properties is critical for designing materials that maximize performance and durability in PEC water‐splitting applications. Recent developments in synthetic techniques, including hydrothermal/solvothermal procedures and epitaxial growth, have facilitated precise control over the exposure of specific facets, allowing for the customization of nanostructured materials to optimize efficiency. This review paper comprehensively analyzes the faceted materials and their diverse methodologies for synthesis (ex situ and in situ), modification, and transformation of geometrical arrangements into facets of various semiconductor materials. A deeper understanding of crystal‐facet engineering in crystals with tailored configurations has revealed substantial potential for the systematic design and synthesis of advanced micro‐/nanostructures.
Multiple Sclerosis: Glial Cell Diversity in Time and Space
Authors: Kooistra Susanne M. , Schirmer Lucas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent human inflammatory disease of the central nervous system with demyelination and glial scar formation as pathological hallmarks. Glial cells are key drivers of lesion progression in MS with roles in both tissue damage and repair depending on the surrounding microenvironment and the functional state of the individual glial subtype. In this review, we describe recent developments in the context of glial cell diversity in MS summarizing key findings with respect to pathological and maladaptive functions related to disease‐associated glial subtypes. A particular focus is on the spatial and temporal dynamics of glial cells including subtypes of microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. We contextualize recent high‐dimensional findings suggesting that glial cells dynamically change with respect to epigenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolic features across the inflamed rim and during the progression of MS lesions. In summary, detailed knowledge of spatially restricted glial subtype functions is critical for a better understanding of MS pathology and its pathogenesis as well as the development of novel MS therapies targeting specific glial cell types.
The Spatial Distribution of Brain Metastasis Is Determined by the Heterogeneity of the Brain Microenvironment
Authors: Bao Hongbo , Ren Peng , Liang Xia , Lai Jiacheng , Bai Yan , Liu Yunpeng , Lv Zhonghua , Hu Jie , Yan Zeya , Wang Zihan , Pu Tingting , Wang Ruiyang , Hou Zhuo , Liang Peng , Wang Yinyan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIt is now understood that brain metastases do not occur randomly but have distinct spatial patterns depending on the origin of the cancer. According to the “seed and soil” hypothesis, the final colonization of metastatic cells is the result of their adaptation to the altered environment. To investigate the most favorable microenvironment for brain metastasis, we analyzed neuroimaging data from 177 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis and 548 patients with lung cancer brain metastasis to create a replicable probabilistic map of metastatic locations. Additionally, we used population‐based data from open repositories to generate brain atlases of diverse microenvironment features, including gene expression, functional connectivity, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmitter transporters/receptors. We then compared the spatial correlation between brain metastasis frequency and these features, after which we constructed a general linear model to identify the most significant variables that contributed to tumor location predilection. Our findings revealed that brain metastases from breast cancer and lung cancer had distinct radiographic characteristics and distribution patterns. Breast cancer tended to metastasize in brain regions with decreased expression of genes associated with immunity and metabolism and reduced levels of connectomic hubness and glucose metabolism. In contrast, lung cancer had a higher probability of metastasizing in regions with active metabolism. Moreover, neurotransmitter systems play various roles in determining tumor location. These results provide new insights into the adaptation of metastatic cells to the brain microenvironment and illustrate how factors on diverse biological scales can affect the colonization of brain metastases.
Understanding Cognitive Aging Through White Matter: A Fixel‐Based Analysis
Authors: Tinney Emma M. , Warren Aaron E. L. , Ai Meishan , Morris Timothy P. , O'Brien Amanda , Odom Hannah , Sutton Bradley P. , Jain Shivangi , Kang Chaeryon , Huang Haiqing , Wan Lu , Oberlin Lauren , Burns Jeffrey M. , Vidoni Eric D. , McAuley Edward , Kramer Arthur F. , Erickson Kirk I. , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) has been frequently used to examine age‐related deterioration of white matter microstructure and its relationship to cognitive decline. However, typical tensor‐based analytical approaches are often difficult to interpret due to the challenge of decomposing and (mis)interpreting the impact of crossing fibers within a voxel. We hypothesized that a novel analytical approach capable of resolving fiber‐specific changes within each voxel (i.e., fixel‐based analysis [FBA])—would show greater sensitivity relative to the traditional tensor‐based approach for assessing relationships between white matter microstructure, age, and cognitive performance. To test our hypothesis, we studied 636 cognitively normal adults aged 65–80 years (mean age = 69.8 years; 71% female) using diffusion‐weighted MRI. We analyzed fixels (i.e., fiber‐bundle elements) to test our hypotheses. A fixel provides insight into the structural integrity of individual fiber populations in each voxel in the presence of multiple crossing fiber pathways, allowing for potentially increased specificity over other diffusion measures. Linear regression was used to investigate associations between each of three fixel metrics (fiber density, cross‐section, and density × cross‐section) with age and cognitive performance. We then compared and contrasted the FBA results to a traditional tensor‐based approach examining voxel‐wise fractional anisotropy. In a whole‐brain analysis, significant associations were found between fixel‐based metrics and age after adjustments for sex, education, total brain volume, site, and race. We found that increasing age was associated with decreased fiber density and cross‐section, namely in the fornix, striatal, and thalamic pathways. Further analysis revealed that lower fiber density and cross‐section were associated with poorer performance in measuring processing speed and attentional control. In contrast, the tensor‐based analysis failed to detect any white matter tracts significantly associated with age or cognition. Taken together, these results suggest that FBAs of DWI data may be more sensitive for detecting age‐related white matter changes in an older adult population and can uncover potentially clinically important associations with cognitive performance.
Drought Dynamics: Enhanced Characterization Through Hyper‐Temporal Satellite Observations
Authors: Kundu Arnab , Dutta Dipanwita , Patel N. R. , Denis Derrick Mario 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDrought is a multifaceted hazard, influenced directly or indirectly by factors such as precipitation, evapo‐transpiration, soil moisture content and groundwater levels. Drought dynamics is fundamentally linked to hydrological processes, as droughts directly impact water availability, soil moisture and overall hydrological balance. Given the global climate change and consequent increasing frequency of extreme events, assessing the vulnerability to drought stress in underprivileged areas has become highly relevant. In this context, drought characterization has become crucial for understanding the complex patterns of droughts and its impacts on agriculture, ecosystems and communities, thereby contributing to food security, environmental sustainability and disaster preparedness. The major goal of this study was to evaluate the onset, duration, frequency and extent of agricultural drought using satellite‐based datasets. The hyper‐temporal Système Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) VEGETATION (VGT) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data were used in this study to quantify the drought related stress on vegetation cover. The spatial extent of drought and its pattern were estimated using the long‐term Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) derived from hyper‐temporal SPOT‐VGT NDVI datasets. Notably, strong agreement was found between the estimations of onset and duration, particularly during severe drought years such as 2002 and 2008. The study reveals that more over 95% of the total area encountered severe crop stress before the second week of July in 1999, 2002 and 2008, which are identified as severe drought years in the region. The frequency maps effectively captured the occurrence of drought events over a sixteen‐year span, highlighting distinct drought episodes in the study area and underscoring the significant prevalence of drought stress across a considerable area. The high r2 (0.61) value indicates a significant level of shared variability between VCI and yield of major crops, demonstrating their consistent alignment in capturing vegetation health and crop yield anomalies. The comprehensive delineation of drought patterns in the Bundelkhand region revealed by this study is potential for future preparedness efforts, enabling strategic planning and facilitating the implementation of sustainable policy interventions.
Investigating the Potential of Magnesium Microparticles on Cartilage and Bone Regeneration Utilizing an In Vitro Osteoarthritis Model
Authors: Chathoth Bavya Mavila , Helmholz Heike , Angrisani Nina , Wiese Björn , Reifenrath Janin , Willumeit‐Römer Regine 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a significant condition that profoundly impacts synovial joints, including cartilage and subchondral bone plate. Biomaterials that can impede OA progression are a promising alternative or supplement to anti‐inflammatory and surgical interventions. Magnesium (Mg) alloys known for bone regeneration potential were assessed in the form of Mg microparticles regarding their impact on tissue regeneration and prevention of OA progression. In vitro assays based on mesenchymal stem cells (SCP‐1) were applied to evaluate the Mg microparticle's compatibility and function. Biocompatibility documented through live‐dead staining and lactate dehydrogenase assay revealed a 90% cell viability at a concentration below 10 mM after 3 days of exposure. An in vitro OA model based on the supplementation of the cytokines IL‐1β, and TNF‐α was established and disclosed the effect of Mg degradation products in differentiating SCP‐1 cells. Sustained differentiation was confirmed through extracellular matrix staining and increased gene marker expression. The Mg supplementation reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐8) while promoting the expression of proteins such as collagen X, collagen I, and osteopontin in a time‐dependent manner. The in vitro study suggests that Mg microparticles hold a therapeutic potential for OA treatment with their ability to support bone and cartilage repair mechanisms even under inflammatory conditions.