bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervised Authorship Segmentation of Open Source Code Projects
Authors: Dauber Edwin , Erbacher Robert , Shearer Gregory , Weisman Michael , Nelson Frederica , Greenstadt Rachel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Source code authorship attribution can be used for many types of intelligence on binaries and executables, including forensics, but introduces a threat to the privacy of anonymous programmers. Previous work has shown how to attribute individually authored code files and code segments. In this work, we examine authorship segmentation, in which we determine authorship of arbitrary parts of a program. While previous work has performed segmentation at the textual level, we attempt to attribute subtrees of the abstract syntax tree (AST). We focus on two primary problems: identifying the primary author of an arbitrary AST subtree and identifying on which edges of the AST primary authorship changes. We demonstrate that the former is a difficult problem but the later is much easier. We also demonstrate methods by which we can leverage the easier problem to improve accuracy for the harder problem. We show that while identifying the author of subtrees is difficult overall, this is primarily due to the abundance of small subtrees: in the validation set we can attribute subtrees of at least 25 nodes with accuracy over 80% and at least 33 nodes with accuracy over 90%, while in the test set we can attribute subtrees of at least 33 nodes with accuracy of 70%. While our baseline accuracy for single AST nodes is 20.21% for the validation set and 35.66% for the test set, we present techniques by which we can increase this accuracy to 42.01% and 49.21% respectively. We further present observations about collaborative code found on GitHub that may drive further research.
Unifying Privacy Policy Detection
Authors: Hosseini Henry , Degeling Martin , Utz Christine , Hupperich Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrivacy policies have become a focal point of privacy research. With their goal to reflect the privacy practices of a website, service, or app, they are often the starting point for researchers who analyze the accuracy of claimed data practices, user understanding of practices, or control mechanisms for users. Due to vast differences in structure, presentation, and content, it is often challenging to extract privacy policies from online resources like websites for analysis. In the past, researchers have relied on scrapers tailored to the specific analysis or task, which complicates comparing results across different studies.To unify future research in this field, we developed a toolchain to process website privacy policies and prepare them for research purposes. The core part of this chain is a detector module for English and German, using natural language processing and machine learning to automatically determine whether given texts are privacy or cookie policies. We leverage multiple existing data sets to refine our approach, evaluate it on a recently published longitudinal corpus, and show that it contains a number of misclassified documents. We believe that unifying data preparation for the analysis of privacy policies can help make different studies more comparable and is a step towards more thorough analyses. In addition, we provide insights into common pitfalls that may lead to invalid analyses.
Managing Potentially Intrusive Practices in the Browser: A User-Centered Perspective
Authors: Smullen Daniel , Yao Yaxing , Feng Yuanyuan , Sadeh Norman , Edelstein Arthur , Weiss Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBrowser users encounter a broad array of potentially intrusive practices: from behavioral profiling, to crypto-mining, fingerprinting, and more. We study people’s perception, awareness, understanding, and preferences to opt out of those practices. We conducted a mixed-methods study that included qualitative (n=186) and quantitative (n=888) surveys covering 8 neutrally presented practices, equally highlighting both their benefits and risks. Consistent with prior research focusing on specific practices and mitigation techniques, we observe that most people are unaware of how to effectively identify or control the practices we surveyed. However, our user-centered approach reveals diverse views about the perceived risks and benefits, and that the majority of our participants wished to both restrict and be explicitly notified about the surveyed practices. Though prior research shows that meaningful controls are rarely available, we found that many participants mistakenly assume opt-out settings are common but just too difficult to find. However, even if they were hypothetically available on every website, our findings suggest that settings which allow practices by default are more burdensome to users than alternatives which are contextualized to website categories instead. Our results argue for settings which can distinguish among website categories where certain practices are seen as permissible, proactively notify users about their presence, and otherwise deny intrusive practices by default. Standardizing these settings in the browser rather than being left to individual websites would have the advantage of providing a uniform interface to support notification, control, and could help mitigate dark patterns. We also discuss the regulatory implications of the findings.
Oblivious DNS over HTTPS (ODoH): A Practical Privacy Enhancement to DNS
Authors: Singanamalla Sudheesh , Chunhapanya Suphanat , Hoyland Jonathan , Vavruša Marek , Verma Tanya , Wu Peter , Fayed Marwan , Heimerl Kurtis , Sullivan Nick , Wood Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Internet’s Domain Name System (DNS) responds to client hostname queries with corresponding IP addresses and records. Traditional DNS is unencrypted and leaks user information to on-lookers. Recent efforts to secure DNS using DNS over TLS (DoT) and DNS over HTTPS (DoH) have been gaining traction, ostensibly protecting DNS messages from third parties. However, the small number of available public large-scale DoT and DoH resolvers has reinforced DNS privacy concerns, specifically that DNS operators could use query contents and client IP addresses to link activities with identities. Oblivious DNS over HTTPS (ODoH) safeguards against these problems. In this paper we implement and deploy interoperable instantiations of the protocol, construct a corresponding formal model and analysis, and evaluate the protocols’ performance with wide-scale measurements. Results suggest that ODoH is a practical privacy-enhancing replacement for DNS.
The role of thyroid hormones in carotid arterial wall remodeling in women
Authors: Saric Maida Seferovic , Jurasic Miljenka-Jelena , Budincevic Hrvoje , Milosevic Milan , Kranjcec Bojana , Kovacic Sanja , Leskovar Jana , Demarin Vida 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid hormones affect the cardiovascular system, but the precise mechanisms of their effects on the development of atherosclerosis are not entirely clear. The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia and carotid atherosclerosis has been widely investigated, but the findings were controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine whether female subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) have increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) compared with euthyroid subjects, as well as to examine the association of SHypo, carotid atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia.

Methods: This research included 100 women aged 30 to 70 years who were divided into two groups: the SHypo group including subjects with signs of subclinical hypothyroidism and the control group of euthyroid subjects. Carotid IMT thickness using B mode ultrasound was determined and its correlation with serum concentrations of fT4, TSH, CRP, and lipid profile including small dense LDL (sdLDL) was analysed.

Results: Subjects with SHypo had significantly increased carotid IMT (IMT ≥ 75th centile) in all three measured segments of the right (p <0.001) and the left (p = 0.001) carotid artery compared to the control group, with a significantly more frequent appearance of plaque (25% vs. 9%; p = 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between higher TSH and higher IMT values. Increased age, LDL cholesterol, and TSH predicted thickening of the carotid artery IMT.

Conclusions: It is important to screen people showing early, subclinical signs of thyroid gland dysfunction due to its impact on carotid atherosclerosis development.
Digital Technologies as a Factor in Reducing the Impact of Quarries on the Environment
Authors: Zarubin Mikhail , Zarubina Venera , Jamanbalin Kadyrgali , Akhmetov Darkhan , Yessenkulova Zhaukhar , Salimbayeva Rassima 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The industrial development of mankind is based on the intensive use of natural resources of the planet. The development of the mining industry is a necessary and important factor for the successful development of the national economy. At the same time, mining has a significant impact on environmental degradation. Methods for assessing and minimizing the environmental impact of mining have only been developed in practice in the last 50 years and differ significantly from country to country. The article analyses the approaches and methodologies for environmental impact assessment (EIA) based on international and national standards. The methods used in Kazakhstan and the countries of the European-Asian Economic Union (EurAsEU) are critically evaluated. The developed mathematical models are implemented in the form of digital solutions and implemented in the module of the cloud system ‘3D Quarry’. The methodology proposed by the authors for use and the developed software product allow optimizing mining operations at quarries according to the parameters of minimizing their negative impact on the environment. At the same time, it is mandatory to comply with mandatory national and international regulations. The proposed 3D Quarry system and the EIA module are an alternative to commercial software products (and their pirated copies, often used by companies in the countries under study) and are aimed at small mining companies in post-Soviet countries. It is expected that the application of the proposed software product will allow, within the technological capabilities, to minimize the impact of quarries on the environment of Kazakhstan.
PEMILIHAN KONTRAKTOR SPESIALIS OLEH KONTRAKTOR UTAMA DENGAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Harianto Rudi , Susetyo Budi 
Published: July 2021

Pemilihan kontraktor spesialis menggunakan metode Delphi dan AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) sebagai pertimbangan kontraktor utama dalam memilih kontraktor spesialis Fasad. Studi mengambil kasus pada proyek Mall Meisterstadt Batam. Pengambilan data dengan mengajukan pertanyaan pada pakar untuk menentukan kriteria utama dan sub. kriteria dalam pemilihan kontraktor spesialis, kemudian menggunakan kuisioner yang dibagikan kepada 10 responden yang bersangkutan dalam pemilihan kontraktor spesialis. Dari analisis diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: 1.) Pemilihan kontraktor spesialis menggunakan metode Delphi untuk mendapatkan kriteria utama dan sub kriteria dan AHP dilakukan untuk mendapatkan bobot masing-masing kriteria utama, sub kriteria dan alternatif kontraktor 2.) Berdasarkan kriteria utama. Prioritas pertama adalah harga dengan bobot 0,265, kedua pengalaman kontraktor dengan bobot 0,225, ketiga keuangan perusahaan dengan bobot 0,199, keempat dukungan peralatan dengan bobot 0,121, kelima K3 dengan bobot 0,106 dan keenam performa kontraktor dengan bobot 0,83. 3) Berdasarkan penilaian secara keseluruhan kontraktor c sebagai kontraktor terbaik dengan nilai 0,43, prioritas kedua kontraktor a dengan nilai 0,291, prioritas terakhir kontraktor b dengan nilai 0,279.
PEMILIHAN METODE PERBAIKAN DAN PERKUATAN STRUKTUR AKIBAT GEMPA (STUDI KASUS PADA BANK SULTENG PALU)
Authors: Khoeri Heri 
Published: July 2021

Sistem Struktur Gedung Kantor Pusat Bank Sulteng, merupakan struktur open frame dengan 1 basement dan 4 lantai di atasnya. Tidak berbeda dengan bangunan di Palu lainnya, bangunan Bank Sulteng (dahulu bernama Bank Pembangunan Daerah Sulawesi Tengah atau BPD Sulteng) pun turut terkena gempa bumi Sulawesi Tengah pada 28 September 2018 yang lalu. Gempa bumi tersebut menimbulkan kekhawatiran kepada para pengguna bangunan bank akan terjadinya kerusakan atau bahkan keruntuhan bangunan saat bangunan tersebut beroperasi. Oleh karena itu, untuk menghindari dan meminimalisir dampak buruk yang mungkin terjadi, maka pada bangunan bank tersebut telah dilakukan pengujian struktur. Setelah diketahui informasi kondisi eksisting bangunan, maka informasi tersebut dapat dijadikan dasar dalam melakukan analisis struktur. Hasil analisis struktur pada laporan akhir assessment yang dilakukan oleh PT. Hesa Laras Cemerlang merekomendasikan beberapa elemen struktur balok dan kolom harus dilakukan perbaikan dan perkuatan. Untuk memilih strategi perbaikan performa seismik dan teknik perkuatan yang tepat harus selain mempertimbangkan faktor kekuatan dan daktilitas struktur untuk menjamin keselamatan penggunanya, juga harus mempertimbangkan biaya, faktor keutamaan bangunan (misalnya bangunan strategis harus memiliki performa yang lebih dibanding rumah tinggal, karena harus tetap berfungsi pasca gempa agar tidak terjadi dampak buruk susulan akibat tidak berfungsinya bangunan strategis tersebut) dan juga aspek kemudahan dalam pelaksanaan. Alternatif perkuatan yang dikaji dalam studi ini adalah perkuatan pada kolom dengan Concrete Jacketing, Steel Jackteting dan FRP (Fyber Reinforced Polymer), dengan batasan alokasi biaya yang sama dilakukan perbandingan pada aspek kekuatan, kemudahan dalam pelaksanaan, waktu pelaksanaan, dan estetika, didapatkan hasil bahwa penggunaan FRP pada studi kasus ini merupakan alternatif yang terpilih.
JENIS DAN MAKNA JALAMBA (PAGAR ADAT) SEBAGAI PENCIRI IDENTITAS DAERAH GORONTALO
Authors: Djafar Abdi Gunawan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK. Indonesia dengan banyaknya suku dan budayanya kaya akan keragaman arsitekturnya. Tradisi dan budaya di tiap daerah, meskipun berbeda-beda tapi menghasilkan karya arsitekur tradisional yang ternyata memiliki benang merah antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Rumah panggung di berbagai daerah memiliki pagar pembatas pada teras atau serambi yang memiliki nilai makna, fungsi, dan keindahannya. Salah satu pagar pembatas tersebut adalah jalamba dari daerah Gorontalo yang umumnya digunakan pada upacara adat pernikahan, kedukaan, dan lain-lain. Jalamba ini juga menjadi pagar penciri identitas adat daerah-daerah di Gorontalo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam tentang jalamba, jenis dan makna dari jalamba melalui kajian literatur, wawancara, dan pengamatan terhadap rumah panggung tempat jalamba yang digunakan saat ini. Setelah dianalisis melalui teropong sejarah dan kebudayaan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua dari enam jenis jalamba saat ini telah menjadi penciri identitas daerah Gorontalo. Kata kunci: Rumah panggung, Pagar pembatas, Pola dan Ragam ABSTRACT. Indonesia, with its many ethnic groups and cultures, is rich in architectural diversity. The traditions and culture in each region, although different, have resulted in the work of traditional architects, which have a common thread with one another. Stilt houses in various areas have a guardrail on the terrace or porch, which has a value of meaning, function, and beauty. One of the guardrails is a Jalamba from the Gorontalo area, which is generally used in traditional wedding ceremonies, grief, and others. This Jalamba is also a fence that identifies the traditional identity of areas in Gorontalo. This study aims to examine the Jalamba's types and meaning of Jalamba through literature review, interviews, and observations of the house on stilts where the Jalamba is currently used. After analyzing historical and cultural binoculars, the results showed that two of the six types of Jalamba now had become the characteristics of Gorontalo's regional identity. Keywords: Stilt house, Railing, Pattern and Style
KAJIAN SPIRIT OF PLACE PADA PASAR LEGI KOTAGEDE YOGYAKARTA SEBAGAI KARAKTER PASAR TRADISIONAL
Authors: Retno Yanti Sugesti , Pudianti Anna 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK. Pasar tradisional menjadi ruang transaksi ekonomi dengan tradisi tawar menawar antara penjual dan pembeli. Sebuah penelitian menyebutkan bahwa kearifan lokal masyarakat Kotagede berupa pendidikan atau cara belajar “srawung” salah satunya adalah Pasar, oleh karena itu penelitian ini berfokus pada Pasar Legi Kotagede untuk membuktikan pernyataan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi srawung sebagai Spirit of Place pada Pasar Legi Kotagede. Untuk membuktikan bahwa hal tersebut merupakan keunikan khas Pasar Legi Kotagede maka perlukan pembanding. Hasil penelitian ternyata penataan layout, zonasi pedagang, toleransi, keakraban dan kerjasama antara pedagang maupun pembeli merupakan faktor-faktor yang membentuk Spirit of Place pada pasar tradisional. Kata Kunci: karakter Pasar Tradisional, Kearifan lokal, Pasar Legi Kotagede, Spirit of Place ABSTRACT. Traditional markets are an economic transaction space with a tradition of bargaining between sellers and buyers. A study states that the local wisdom of the Kotagede community in the form of education or how to learn "srawung" one of which is the Market. Therefore this research focuses on the Pasar Legi Kotagede to prove the statement. The purpose of this research is to identify srawung as a Spirit of Place in Kotagede Legi Market. To confirm that this is the uniqueness of the Pasar Legi Kotagede, we need a comparison. The study results turned out to be layout arrangement, trader zoning, tolerance, familiarity, and cooperation between traders and buyers are the factors that make up the Spirit of Place in traditional markets. Keywords: Character of Traditional Market, Local Wisdom, Pasar Legi Kotagede, Spirit of Place
BAHASA NARATIF DALAM KOMUNIKASI ARSITEKTUR
Authors: Purwantiasning Ari Widyati 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah kajian tentang bagaimana mengungkapkan sebuah karya arsitektural, gagasan maupun ide dalam sebuah Bahasa naratif yaitu tulisan. Beberapa teori tentang Bahasa naratif tersebut disajikan oleh beberapa ahlinya sebagai sebuah dasar dan referensi dalam mengungkapkan tiga buah studi kasus yang akan ditinjau. Tinjauan yang dilakukan terhadap tiga studi kasus tersebut menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif naratif, dimana Saya mencoba untuk mengungkapkan kekuatan penulis dalam gaya penulisannya terutama dalam menggiring opini pembaca baik negatif maupun positif bahkan imaginatif. Tulisan ini akan memberikan wacara bagi para calon arsitek yaitu mahasiswa arsitektur atau para civitas akademika lainnya sehingga dapat lebih memahami bagaimana seharusnya sebuah karya arsitektural baik bangunan maupun ruang arsitektural harus diungkapkan untuk mempersuasi pembacanya. Kata Kunci: naratif, linguistik, komunikasi, arsitektur ABSTRACT. This paper is a research about how to express and describe an architectural masterpiece, idea, and thought into a written narrative language. Some theories about narrative language and linguistic language have been discussed in this article and have been used as a primary reference in discussing three case studies. I have reviewed three case studies using a qualitative method with a narrative descriptive approach. I have tried to reveal the author's power with their character and style of their written language, mainly how to persuade the reader either negatively, positively, and imaginatively. This research will give architecture students a new discourse to understand how an architectural masterpiece should be described in a written narrative language to persuade the readers. Keywords: narrative, linguistic, communication, architecture
SRATEGI SPASIAL KALANGAN TIONGHOA DI KAUMAN SURAKARTA
Authors: Nurjanah Firda , Saputra Andika 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAK. Indonesia terkenal dengan keragaman budaya yang disisi lain dapat memunculkan suatu perbedaan. Dari perbedaan tersebut, tidak jarang memunculkan sebuah konflik yang berujung pada kekerasan. Seperti halnya konflik antara Tionghoa dengan pribumi muslim yang sudah ada sejak kedatangan Belanda. Penelitian kali ini berada di Kauman, Surakarta dimana kampung ini tidak hanya dihuni oleh kaum muslim melainkan juga Tionghoa. Dengan adanya dua komunitas yang berbeda identitas dalam satu tempat serta sejarah konflik antara Tionghoa dengan muslim dimungkinkannya terjadi sebuah pergesekan dan perbedaan. Identitas yang dimaksud adalah Jawa Muslim dengan Tionghoa non-Muslim. Dari uraian tersebut, langkah pertama yang dilakukan yakni mengetahui strategi spasial kalangan Tionghoa dalam memasuki Kampung Kauman. Langkah pertama tersebut berfungsi untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai interaksi yang akan terjadi. Selain itu, penelitian ini dilakukan guna mencegah dampak terjadinya konflik sosial di kawasan Kauman kedepannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode induksi kualitatif dengan penekanan pada proses observasi, wawancara dan pemetaan. Hasil yang diperoleh yakni terdapat tiga strategi spasial yang dapat membentuk pola ruang. Kata kunci: Strategi Spasial, Kalangan Tionghoa, Kauman Surakarta ABSTRACT. Indonesia is famous for its cultural diversity, which, on the other hand, can make a difference. From these differences, it is not uncommon for a conflict to lead to violence. Such is the case with conflicts between Chinese and native Muslims that have existed since the Dutch's arrival. The research this time was in Kauman, Surakarta, where Muslims and Chinese inhabit this village. With the existence of two communities with different identities in one place and the history of conflict between Chinese and Muslims, it is possible to have friction and differences. The identity in question is Javanese Muslim and Chinese non-Muslim. From this description, the first step taken was to know the Chinese's spatial strategy in entering Kauman Village. This first step serves to find out more about the interactions that will occur. Also, this research was conducted to prevent future impacts of social conflict in the Kauman area. This study used a qualitative induction method with an emphasis on the process of observation, interview, and mapping. The results obtained are that three spatial strategies can form spatial patterns Keywords: Spatial Strategy, Chinese Circle, Kauman Surakarta
پراكتیزه‌كرنا بنه‌مایێن ره‌خنا ره‌وشه‌نبیرى لسه‌ر كۆمه‌له‌ چیرۆكێن "شه‌ڤا دوماهیێ" یا چیرۆكنڤیس (جه‌لال مسته‌فا) دا
Authors: Joqe Intesar Najeb , Sadeeq Ahmad Huda , Muhsin Ismail Rondik 
Published: July 2021

ره‌خنا ره‌وشه‌نبیرى ئیك ژتیورێن ره‌خنه‌یى یێن نویه‌ یێن پشتى نویخوازیێ (بونیادگه‌ریێ)، گرنگیێ دده‌ته‌ ڤه‌دیتنا جۆرێ رۆشه‌نبیریێ، جڤاك، سیاسه‌ت و مێژوویێ دناڤ تێكستێن ئه‌ده‌بیدا گه‌له‌ك جاران كو گرنگیێ دده‌ته‌ بابه‌تێن فه‌راموشكری یان قه‌ده‌غه‌كرى دناڤ جڤاكیدا ب مه‌ره‌ما پێشڤه‌برنا جڤاكى، لگه‌ل هندێدا پیرۆزیێن جڤاكى، داب و نه‌ریت و بیروباوه‌ران لبه‌رچاڤ وه‌ردگریت، له‌ورا ژى ب ره‌خنه‌كا ئایدولوژى، هزرى و بیروباوه‌رى دهێته‌ نیاسین.
ره‌خنا ره‌وشه‌نبیرى ئاماژه‌یه‌كا ره‌وشه‌نبیرى یه‌ به‌رى كو به‌هایه‌كێ جوانكارى هه‌بیت، ره‌خنه‌گرێ وێ پێدڤى ب رێره‌وێ تێكست تێدا به‌رهه‌م هاتى دبیت و پاشى شرۆڤه‌كرنێ دكه‌ت ئه‌وژى دا پێشنیارا چاره‌كرنێ بۆ وێ كێشه‌ و كێماسیا ده‌ستنیشانكرى بكه‌ت. ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلین ته‌رخانكریه‌ ژبۆ ڤه‌دیتن و شرۆڤه‌كرنا بابه‌تێن هه‌مه‌جۆرێن ره‌وشه‌نبیرى و جڤاكى دناڤ چیرۆكێن"شه‌ڤا دوماهیێ" یا چیرۆكنڤیس (جه‌لال مسته‌فا)دا. بابه‌تێ هه‌ردوو چیرۆكێن هه‌لبژارتى ((زڤرۆك)) و ((كۆشتنا خه‌ونان)) ژ كه‌لتۆر و كه‌توارێ جڤاكێ كوردى هاتیه‌ وه‌رگرتن، بابه‌تێ چیرۆكا ((زڤرۆك)) هه‌تا نهۆ ژى وه‌ك هزر مایه‌ به‌لێ رێژه‌كا كێمه‌، راسته‌ ئایین و ره‌وشه‌نبیریه‌ت د تێگه‌هشتنا گه‌ردوونى دا نێزیكى ئێك دبن، به‌لێ هنده‌ك جاران هه‌ڤركى و دووبه‌ره‌كیێ دناڤ چیناندا دروست دكه‌ت ئه‌ڤه‌ ژى دچیرۆكا ((زڤرۆك))دا ره‌نگڤه‌دده‌ت، بابه‌تێ چیرۆكا ((كوشتنا خه‌ونان)) ره‌نگڤه‌دانا بابه‌تێن سیاسى و كه‌لتۆرى و ئه‌ڤینیه‌.