bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Design and Tensile Experiment of Connection Node between acrylic and Stainless Steel
Authors: Qian Xiaohui , Ma Xiaoyan , Heng Yuekun , He Wei , Qin Zhonghua , Xiao Jianxia , Zhang Gaofeng , Cheng Wei , Li Lei , Hou Shaojing , Pei Yatian , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhu Zian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Acrylic are widely used as load-bearing structural parts. In this study, the structural design, finite element analysis (FEA) and tensile experiment of the connection node of the acrylic spherical vessel designed for Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observation (JUNO) are carried out. The acrylic connection node needs to withstand a tensile load of 90 kN for 20 years, and its ultimate bearing capacity is required to be 6 times the working load. Under working load, the stress of the acrylic structure should be less than 3.5 MPa. In the study, a connection node connecting acrylic and stainless steel is designed. By embedding the steel ring in the acrylic structure to connect with the support rod, the acrylic connection node can withstand high loads. A 1/4 symmetric model of connection node is established, and the FEA method is used to solve nonlinear problems such as material nonlinearity and frictional contact. The results of FEA show that the maximum principle stress of the connection node is about 2.92 MPa. By comparing the stress of the FEA results with the experimental results, the relative difference is 7.24 %, indicating that the FEA results are credible. The experiment results also show that the ultimate tensile load of the connection node can reach 1000 kN, which is about 11 times the working load. The breakdown of the connection node occurs at the sharp corner of the groove instead of the maximum stress point. Through the design, simulation and experiment of the connection node, for the brittle materials such as acrylic, the structure should avoid the defects such as sharp corner.
Investigation of Aquaporins Involved in the Adaptation of Canavalia Rosea to Saline-alkaline Soils and Drought Stress
Authors: Lin Ruoyi , Zheng Jiexuan , Pu Lin , Wang Zhengfeng , Mei Qiming , Zhang Mei , Jian Shuguang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. (bay bean) is an extremophile halophyte that is widely distributed in coastal areas of the tropics and subtropics. Seawater and drought tolerance in this species may be facilitated by aquaporins (AQPs), channel proteins that transport water and small molecules across cell membranes and thereby maintain cellular water homeostasis in the face of abiotic stress. In C. rosea, AQP diversity, protein features, and their biological functions are still largely unknown.Results: We describe the action of AQPs in C. rosea using evolutionary analyses coupled with promoter and expression analyses. A total of 37 AQPs were identified in the C. rosea genome and classified into five subgroups: 11 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, 10 tonoplast intrinsic proteins, 11 Nod26-like intrinsic proteins, 4 small and basic intrinsic proteins, and 1 X-intrinsic protein. Analysis of RNA-Seq data and targeted qPCR revealed organ-specific expression of aquaporin genes and the involvement of some AQP members in adaptation of C. rosea to extreme coral reef environments. We also analyzed C. rosea sequences for phylogeny reconstruction, protein modeling, cellular localizations, and promoter analysis. Furthermore, one of PIP1 gene, CrPIP1;5, was identified as functional using a yeast expression system and transgenic overexpression in Arabidopsis.Conclusions: Our results indicate that AQPs play an important role in C. rosea responses to saline-alkaline soils and drought stress. These findings not only increase our understanding of the role AQPs play in mediating C. rosea adaptation to extreme environments, but also improve our knowledge of plant aquaporin evolution more generally.
Planar Cell Polarity Protein Vangl2 Interacts With Protein Ap2m1 to Regulate Dendritic Branching in Cortical Neurons
Authors: Yasumura Misato , Hagiwara Akari , Hida Yamato , Ohtsuka Toshihisa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) is a mammalian homolog of Drosophila core planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Vang/Strabismus, which organizes asymmetric cell axes for developmental proliferation, fate determination, and polarized movements in multiple tissues, including neurons. While the PCP pathway has an essential role for dendrite and dendritic spine formation, the molecular mechanism remains to be clarified. To investigate the mechanism of Vangl2-related neuronal development, we screened for proteins that interact with the Vangl2 cytosolic N-terminus from postnatal day 9 mouse brains using a yeast two-hybrid system. From 61 genes, we identified adaptor-related protein complex 2, mu 1 subunit (Ap2m1) as the Vangl2 N-terminal binding protein. Intriguingly, however, the pull-down assay demonstrated that Vangl2 interacted with Ap2m1 not only at its N-terminus but also at the C-terminal Prickle binding domain. Furthermore, we verified that the downregulation of Ap2m1 in the developing cortical neurons reduced the dendritic branching similar to what occurs in a knockdown of Vangl2. From these results, we suggest that the membrane internalization regulated by the PCP pathway is required for the developmental morphological change in neurons.
Systemic inflammation causes microglial dysfunction with a mixed AD-like pathology
Authors: Bathini Praveen , Dupanloup Isabel , Zenaro Elena , Terrabuio Eleonora , Fischer Amrei , Ballabani Edona , Doucey Marie-Agnes , Auber Lavinia Alberi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of cognitive deficit in elderly humans. Late-onset AD (LOAD) is sporadic, multifactorial, and non-Mendelian accounting at present for 95% of the cases in contrast to the genetic form of the disease. Risk factors for sporadic AD include Gene: Environment interactions. There is increasing evidence that lifestyle and stress such as viral or bacterial infection causing chronic inflammation are underlying culprits of neurodegenerative dementia. Dementias that share or mimic pathological processes of AD include cerebrovascular diseases, Lewy body disease, TDP-43 proteinopathy. To date, very few mouse models reproduce the pathophysiological progression of mixed-vascular-AD, while the majority of studies have employed transgenic animals reproducing the familial form. Methods We have re-engineered the Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) sterile infection model in wildtype C57BL6 mice to achieve chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. We have conducted a cross-sectional analysis of aging PolyI:C and Saline control mice (3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 16 months), taking the hippocampus as a reference brain region, based on its vulnerability, and compared the brain aging phenotype to AD progression in humans with mild AD, severe AD and Controls (CTL), in parallel to Vascular dementia (VaD) patients’ specimens.Results We found that PolyI:C mice display both peripheral and central inflammation with a peak at 6 months, associated with memory deficits. The hippocampus is characterized by a pronounced and progressive tauopathy. In PolyI:C brains, microglia undergo aging-dependent morphological shifts progressively adopting a phagocytic phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a profound change in gene expression over the course of aging, with a peak in differential expression at 9 months. We confirm that the proinflammatory marker Lcn2 is one of the genes with the strongest upregulation in PolyI:C mice upon aging. Validation in brains from patients with increasing severity of AD and VaD shows a reproducibility of some gene targets in vascular dementia specimens rather than AD ones.Conclusions The PolyI:C model of sterile infection demonstrates that peripheral chronic inflammation is sufficient to cause neuropathological processes resembling a mixed-VaD-AD phenotype, with progressive tau hyperphosphorylation, changes in microglia morphology, astrogliosis and gene reprogramming reflecting increased neuroinflammation, vascular remodeling and the loss of neuronal functionality seen to some extent in humans.
Profiling of Sika Deer Antler Proteins at Different Developmental Stages Based on Label-free
Authors: Zhang Ranran , Xing Xiumei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Antler is a special bone tissue that has the ability to regenerate completely periodically. It is the fastest growing bone in the animal kingdom. Antler provides a valuable research model for bone growth and mineralization. Antler grows longitudinally by endochondral ossification with their growth center located in its tip. Many scholars have carried out detailed studies on morphology and gene expression of antler tip. However, few scholars have analyzed the protein expression patterns of antler tip at different development stages. This study used label-free proteomics approach to analyze the protein expression dynamics of the antler tip in 6 developmental periods (15, 25, 45, 65, 100 and 130 days after the previous antler cast) and costal cartilage. In result, 2052 proteins were confidently quantified, including 1,937 antler proteins and 1,044 costal cartilage proteins. Moreover, 913 antler core proteins and 132 antler-special proteins were obtained. Besides, the stages special proteins and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in different development stages were analyzed. A total of 875 DEPs were determined by one-way AVOVA. It is found that the growth period (15, 25, 45 and 65 days) showed more up-regulated protein including several chondrogenesis-associated proteins (collagen types II, collagen types XI, HAPLN1, PAPSS1 and PAPSS2). In ossification stages, the up-regulated proteins related with lysosome (CTSD, CTSB, MMP9, CAII) indicated that the antler has higher bone remodeling activity. Given the up-regulated expression of immune-related molecules (S100A7, CATHL7, LTF, AZU1, ELANE and MPO), we speculate that the local immune system may contribute to the ossification of antler tip. In conclusion, proteomics technology was used to deeply analyze the protein expression patterns of antler at different development stages. This provides a strong support for the research on the molecular regulation mechanism of rapid growth and ossification of velvet antler.
Are “place and train” principles suited to support people with severe mental illness into work? A questionnaire-based survey in a public employment service
Authors: Brinchmann Beate , Rinaldi Miles , Sandtorv Elisabeth , Moe Cathrine Fredriksen , McDaid David , Killackey Eóin , Mykletun Arnstein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIndividual Placement and Support (IPS) has repeatedly been reported to increase employment rates in patients with severe mental illness. Despite this, IPS is only available to a small minority. Translation from evidence to practice is often slow and hindered by a variety of barriers. Barriers include organizational, contextual and attitudinal factors. Despite evidence, many believe that people with severe mental illness are generally dangerous, in need of rest and at risk of harm from work-related stress. Such stigma fosters negative attitudes that may constitute significant barriers to employment for people with mental illness. Employees in the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration hold important gatekeeping positions in relation to the employment schemes that people with mental illness are offered. The aim of this study was to measure the attitudes of these employees towards the core principles of IPS. Secondly, we examine whether attitudes change for Labour and Welfare Administration employees exposed to IPS practice.MethodsA case vignette describing a person with severe mental illness and statements referring to this vignette was developed. The survey was administered to a sample of employees at two different timepoints four years apart. The respondents were asked to indicate their attitudes on a six-point Likert scale between statements in accordance to IPS and statements in accordance with treatment as usual. Independent two tailed samples t-tests were used to analyse differences between responses between employees in municipalities with IPS experience, compared to municipalities without. Multiple linear regressions with attitudes as dependent variable, were used to test if attitudes changed over time, dependent on exposure to IPS.ResultsAttitudes were in general more aligned with IPS than current practice. The region with exposure to IPS was associated with more favorable attitudes (p < .01). The development in attitudes to IPS were minimal over time and did not differ between IPS regions and regions without.ConclusionsAttitudes of statutory Labour and Welfare employees will not be a substantial barrier for implementation of IPS. This is a necessary but not sufficient requirement for IPS implementation.The regional ethics committee approved the study (2012/2239).
Numerical Simulation For Bioconvectional Flow of Burger Nanofluid With Effects of Activation Energy and Exponential Heat Source/Sink Over an Inclined Wall Under The Swimming Microorganisms
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Farooq Umar , Ibrahim Aqsa , Shah Zahir , Kumam Poom 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A nanofluid is a combination of a normal liquid component and tiny-solid particles, in which the nanomaterials are immersed in the liquid. The dispersion of solid particles into yet another host fluid will extremely increase the heat capacity of the nanoliquids, and an increase of heat efficiency can play a significant role in boosting the rate of heat transfer of the host liquid. The current article discloses the impact of Arrhenius activation energy in the bioconvective flow of Burger nanofluid by an inclined wall. The heat transfer mechanism of Burger nanofluid is analyzed through the nonlinear thermal radiation effect. The Brownian dispersion and thermophoresis diffusions effects are also scrutinized. Established partial differential equation expressions are updated by a similarity transformation of the ordinary differential equation ODE. The numerical results are given by the built-in bvp4c function Matlab also applies the Labotto-IIIa formula for the shooting scheme. Trends with significant parameters via the flow of fluid, thermal, and solutal fields of species and the area of microorganisms are controlled. The numerical results for the current analysis are seen in the tables.
Risk Perception of the Iranian Healthcare Workers Concerning the Covid-19 Crisis and the Factors Affecting it: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Samadipour Ezat , Ghardashi Fatemeh , Zardosht Roghayeh , Borzoee Fatemeh , Navipour Elham 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The emergent Covid-19 disease with conspicuous prevalence is putting the healthcare workers' job security at risk. The preventive behaviors in every individual have a close relationship with his/her risk perception of the risk factor. Hence the present study has been undertaken aiming at determining the Iranian healthcare workers' risk perception of the Covid-19 disease and the relevant effective factors. Methods: This anonymous online survey was conducted in March-April, 2020 using targeted snowball sampling among the Iranian healthcare workers. The data was collected via online-social networks using a questionnaire containing demographical specifications (5 questions), risk perceptions (20 questions), with five sub-scales including cognitive, cultural, political, social and emotional factors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.16 software.Results: From 165 participants, the youth (20-49 years of age) with 84% and the females with 60% constituted the majority of participants. The average risk perception score of the healthcare workers was 66.43±8.17. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed the significant direct relationship between the risk perception score and all the sub-scales at 0.01 significance level. The political and cultural factors had the highest correlation with the personnel risk perception (r > 0.75).Conclusion: Health workers did not have an excellent risk perception of the emergent Covid-19 disease.
Prevalence of Malaria and Its Associated Factors Among Malaria Suspected Patients Attending at Hamusite Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia, a Cross Sectional Study, 2020
Authors: Negatu Getu Abeje , Abebe Getaneh Alemu , Yalew Woyneshet Gelaye 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria is a major public health problem which still results in illness and death. Despite efforts to reduce the mortality and morbidity of malaria, the disease is still a prominent health problem in Ethiopia. This study, therefore, was undertaken to assess the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among symptomatic patients in northwest Ethiopia.MethodA facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020 among 210 febrile patients attending at Hamusite health center, northwest Ethiopia. Thin and thick blood films were prepared from blood collected by finger puncture and from capillary blood buffy coat. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsOut of 210 malaria suspected participants, 61 (29.0%) were confirmed to be infected by Plasmodium species. Plasmodium falciparum mono-infection was detected in 41 (19.5%) participants while P.vivax mono-infection and mixed infections were detected in 10 (4.3%) participants each. Female participant and those having family members with history of malaria were at higher risk of acquiring Plasmodium infectionConclusionThe present study revealed that malaria continued to be the major public health problem in the study area. Therefore, community mobilization should be strengthening in order to improve implementation of malaria control activities.
Prevalence and Predictors of Menstruation-related School Absenteeism Among Adolescent Girls in Rural Northern Ghana
Authors: Kumbeni Maxwell Tii , Ziba Florence Assibi , Apenkwa Joana , Otupiri Easmon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Although menstruation is a normal physiological process that begins in girls during adolescence, it has the potential to negatively impact on the self-esteem and education of girls particularly those from low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of menstruation-related school absenteeism among adolescent girls in the Talensi district of rural northern Ghana. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 705 adolescent girls aged 12-19 years who had attained menarche. The sample size was estimated using Epi Info version 6 at 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error. A two-stage sampling technique was employed to recruit participants. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine factors associated with menstruation-related school absenteeism which was defined as “being absent from school due to menstruation-related issues during the last menstruation.” Results: The prevalence of menstruation-related school absenteeism was 27.5%. School absenteeism ranged from one to seven days during the menstrual period. Older adolescent girls, (aOR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.29 – 4.40), use of cloth as a sanitary material at the last menstruation, (aOR=3.21, 95% CI: 2.22 – 4.63), and cultural restriction, (aOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.76 – 3.67) were associated with higher odds of menstruation-related school absenteeism. Meanwhile, girls from moderate income parent(s), [aOR=0.57 95% CI: 0.34 – 0.94] had lower odds of menstruation-related school absenteeism. Mother’s education and privacy in school were only significant at the univariate level. Conclusions: The prevalence of menstruation-related school absenteeism highlights the need for interventions aimed at improving the availability of sanitary pads for girls, eliminating cultural restrictions associated with menstruation, and also improving parent(s) income level.
The Embryo Characteristics and Genes Expression Analysis Involved in Apomixis of Wild Germplasm Materials of Kentucky Bluegrass in Gansu Province of China
Authors: Zhang Jinqing , Ma Huiling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Apomixis is mainly used to maintain the heterosis, stability, and consistency of crops. Its main advantage is to reduce the costs of seed production and shorten the breeding process. In the field of hybrid breeding, apomixis has been referred to as the "asexual revolution" and has realized a new green revolution.Apomixis is mainly used to maintain the heterosis, stability, and consistency of crops. Its main advantage is to reduce the costs of seed production and shorten the breeding process. In the field of hybrid breeding, apomixis has been referred to as the "asexual revolution" and has realized a new green revolution. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is a natural apomictic species that mainly exhibits facultative apospory. Its main feature is that the somatic nucellar cells bypass meiosis and double fertilization to form unreduced embryos, and the development of the endosperm requires pseudogamy. Although apomixis is of great significance in breeding, the genetic control of apomixis remains unclear. Therefore, we report the results of a global gene expression analysis of wild germplasm materials of Kentucky bluegrass spikelets in Gansu province of China, exhibiting significant differences in apomictic rates to identify the genes, biological processes, and molecular functions related to apomixis.Result: At four reproductive periods, there were 5400 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two genotypes, including 2476 downregulated and 2823 upregulated genes. Further analysis of the gene functions, pathways, expression patterns, networks, and transcription factors (TFs) showed that the occurrence of apomixis in Kentucky bluegrass was related to changes in the time- and space-related expression of genes associated with sexual reproduction, which led to disordered sexual reproduction and thus the production of offspring by apomixis. Conclusion: At the transcriptional level, the genesis and development of apomixis was regulated by TFs. It also involved the coexpression of many genes associated with disordered meiosis, hormone signal transduction, embryonic development, stress response pathways, and epigenetics. We also verified these 16 DEGs by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression results were basically consistent with the transcriptome expression profile, indicating that the transcriptome data were reliable. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of occurrence and development of apomixis in Kentucky bluegrass.