bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy In Breast Cancer: Real Life Results
Authors: Bello Marcelo Adeodato , Bergmann Anke , Aguiar Suzana Sales , Barbosa Marcelo Morais , Valente Emanuelle Narciso Alvarez , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: compare demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer (BC) treatment according to the axillary approach and analyze factors associated with the indication of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in a real-life scenario. Methods: retrospective cohort study in women diagnosed with BC with indication for NAC. Demographic, clinical, tumor, surgical and adjuvant treatment variables were obtained.. A univariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the independent factors associated with SLNB indication and a multiple model was applied for adjustments. Results: A total of 918 patients were included in this study, 161 (17.5%) of whom underwent SLNB, 105 (11.4%) who underwent SLNB followed by AL and 652 (71.0%) who underwent AL only. Concerning the adjusted model, women in stage III were 95% less likely to be submitted to an SLNB (OR = 0.05 95% CI 0.01-0.17; p<0.001) compared to those in stage I. Women who underwent mastectomies exhibited a 90% lower chance of undergoing SLNB than those who underwent conservative surgery (95% CI 0.06-0.17; p <0.001). Considering NAC responses, cases with no response or presenting disease progression exhibited a 55% lower chance of undergoing SLNB compared to those displaying a total response (OR = 0.45 95% CI 0.24-0.82; p = 0.009). Conclusion: SLNB was performed in 29% of the patients following NAC. Patients presenting a more advanced clinical stage of the disease with a worse NAC response and those who underwent mastectomies were less likely to undergo SLNB.
Revealing the host antiviral protein ZAP-S as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 programmed ribosomal frameshifting
Authors: Zimmer Matthias , Kibe Anuja , Rand Ulfert , Pekarek Lukas , Cicin-Sain Luka , Caliskan Neva 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a fundamental gene expression event in many viruses including SARS-CoV-2, which allows production of essential structural and replicative enzymes from an alternative reading frame. Despite the importance of PRF for the viral life cycle, it is still largely unknown how and to what extent cellular factors alter mechanical properties of frameshifting RNA molecules and thereby impact virulence. This prompted us to comprehensively dissect the interplay between the host proteome and the SARS-CoV-2 frameshift element. Here, we reveal that zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP-S) is a direct and specific regulator of PRF in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. ZAP-S overexpression strongly impairs frameshifting and viral replication. Using in vitro ensemble and single-molecule techniques, we further demonstrate that ZAP-S directly interacts with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA and ribosomes and interferes with the folding of the frameshift RNA. Together these data illuminate ZAP-S as de novo host-encoded specific inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting and expand our understanding of RNA-based gene regulation.
StemSC: A Cross-dataset Human Stemness Index for Single-cell Samples
Authors: Zheng Hailong , Xie Jiajing , Song Kai , Yang Jing , Xiao Huiting , Zhang Jiashuai , Li Keru , Yuan Rongqiang , Zhao Yuting , Gu Yunyan , Zhao Wenyuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Stemness is defined as the potential of cells for self-renewal and differentiation. Many transcriptome-based methods for stemness evaluation have been proposed. However, all these stemness indexes showed low correlations with differentiation time and the limitation to identify the high-stemness cells across datasets. Methods: Here, we constructed a stemness index for single-cell samples (StemSC) based on relative expression orderings (REO) of gene pairs. Firstly, we identified the stemness-related genes by selecting the genes significantly related to differentiation time in all five datasets. Then, we used 13 RNA-seq datasets from both the bulk and single-cell ESC samples to construct the reference REOs. Finally, the StemSC value of a given sample was calculated as the percentage of gene pairs with the same REOs as the ESC samples.Results: We validated the StemSC by its higher correlations with differentiation time in eight normal datasets and its higher correlations with tumor dedifferentiation in three colorectal cancer datasets and four glioma datasets. By using the StemSC, we can recognize the tissue-specific stem genes and automatically construct the cell differentiation trajectories. StemSC also could provide the same threshold to identify high-stemness cells across datasets. Results showed that the tumor cells with high-stemness had fewer interactions with anti-tumor immune cells. Besides, the immunotherapy-treated patients with high-stemness had worse survival than those with low-stemness. Conclusions: All above results showed StemSC is a better stemness index to calculate the stemness across datasets, which can help researchers explore the effect of stemness on other biological processes.
Bio-efficacy and Wash-fastness of a Lamda-cyhalothrin Long-lasting Insecticide Treatment Kit (ICON® Maxx) Against Mosquitoes on Various Polymer Materials
Authors: Tungu Patrick , Sudi Wema , Kaur Harparkash , Magesa Stephen , Rowland Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLong-lasting efficacy of insecticide treated nets is a balance between adhesion, retention and migration of insecticide to the surface of netting fibres. ICON® Maxx is a twin-sachet ‘home-treatment kit’ of pyrethroid plus binding agent, recommended by the World Health Organization for long-lasting, wash-fast treatment of polyester nets. While knitted polyester netting is widely used, fine woven polyethylene netting is increasingly available and nets made of cotton and nylon are common in Africa and Asia. It is important to investigate whether ICON Maxx is able to fulfill the WHO criteria of long-lasting treatment on a range of domestic fabrics to widen the scope for malaria protection.Method This study was a controlled comparison of the bio-efficacy and wash-fastness of lambda-cyhalothrin CS, with or without binder, on nets made of cotton, polyethylene, nylon, dyed and undyed polyester. Evaluation compared an array of bioassays, WHO cone and cylinder, median time to knockdown and WHO tunnel tests using Anopheles mosquitoes. Chemical assay revealed further insight. ResultsICON Maxx treated polyethylene and polyester netting met the WHO cone and tunnel test bio-efficacy criteria for LLIN after 20 standardized washes. Although nylon and cotton netting failed to meet the WHO cone and cylinder criteria, both materials passed the WHO tunnel test criterion of 80% mortality after 20 washes. All materials treated with standard lambda-cyhalothrin CS without binder failed to meet any of the WHO bio-efficacy criteria within 5 washes. ConclusionThe bio-efficacy of ICON Maxx against mosquitoes on netting washed up to 20 times demonstrated wash durability on a range of synthetic polymer and natural fibres: polyester, polyethylene, nylon and cotton. This raises the prospect of making the insecticide-binder kit into an effective approach for turning untreated nets, curtains, military clothing, blankets - and tents and tarpaulins as used in disasters and humanitarian emergencies - into effective malaria prevention products. It may provide a solution to the problem of reduced LLIN coverage between campaigns by converting commercially sourced untreated nets into LLINs through community or home treatment. It may also open the door to binding of non-pyrethroid insecticides to nets and textiles for control of pyrethroid resistant vectors.
Ageism Among Dentists in Greece. A Quantitative Survey
Authors: Voultsos Polychronis , Tsiantou Dimitra , Chatzinikolaou Fotios , Papana Angeliki , Deliliga Aspasia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims and objectivesThe phenomenon of ageism is a significant threat to elderly people’s well-being. Ageism is a social determinant of their dental health. While a preliminary validation of the Greek version of the ageing scale for dental students has recently been made, there is a literature gap regarding the topic of ageism among dental professionals in Greece. This study aims to contribute to filling this gap.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. A recently validated in Greece 15‐item ageism 6-point Likert-scale for dental students (ASDS) was anonymously administered to dentists. In addition, participants were asked to provide information regarding their socio-demographics. ResultsA total of 365 dentists responded to the questionnaire. As to the internal consistency of the scale, Cronbach's alpha found to be very low (α = 0.590) to support the reliability of a total of 15 Likert-type questions (items) of the scale. However, the factor analysis resulted in three factors that achieved high reliability towards validity: Adherence of the elderly patient to the instructions of the dentist (factor 1), Dentist-elderly patient interaction (factor 2), and Values/ethics of dentists for elderly patients (factor 3). The demographic comparison with these factors and single items revealed statistically significant gender differences (with females appeared more ageist than men) in ageism and differences related to other socio-demographic factors, which however, were related to factors or items individually.ConclusionThe study revealed that the Greek version of the ageism scale for dental students had not further validity and reliability among dentists. However, some items were distributed into three factors that presented significant validity and reliability. The demographic comparison with these factors and single items revealed interesting socio-demographics-related trends in ageism among dentists.
Integrated Strategies to Managing Meloidogyne Incognita and Soil Borne Fungus Infesting Cucumber in Two Consecutive Crop Seasons Under Protected Cultivation
Authors: Patil J. A. , Yadav Saroj , Kumar Anil , Ram Sewak 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Relative efficacy of various approaches to managing Meloidogyne incognita and soil borne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in cucumber for two seasons was tested under protected cultivation. Several management practices adopted such as chemicals (fumigant, non-fumigant, and fungicide), organic amendments (Neem cake, leaves and oil, soil and seed treatment), and biocontrol agents (the egg-parasitic fungus, Purpureocillium lilacinum), all practices combine for the management of disease. Eleven treatments with untreated control in a randomized block design. Two significant parameters were measured: plant growth parameter (plant height, dry root weight and yield) and disease parameters (galls/plant, final nematode population, egg masses/plant and fungal incidence). All treatments significantly improved plant growth parameters and reduced nematode reproduction as compared to untreated check. The integration of formalin and neem oil seed treatment favor the low root galling index compared to all other treatments in both the seasons. Integration of formalin and neem oil seed treatment reduced nematode population and fungus incidence and increased the yield of cucumber during both the seasons.
Optical data transmission at ultrahigh speeds, beyond 40Tb/s, based on a soliton crystal micro-comb chip source
Authors: Moss David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Micro-combs [1-4] - optical frequency combs generated by integrated micro-cavity resonators – offer the full potential of their bulk counterparts [5,6], but in an integrated footprint. The discovery of temporal soliton states (DKS – dissipative Kerr solitons) [4,7-11] as a means of mode-locking micro-combs has enabled breakthroughs in many fields including spectroscopy [12,13], microwave photonics [14], frequency synthesis [15], optical ranging [16,17], quantum sources [18,19], metrology [20,21] and more. One of their most promising applications has been optical fibre communications where they have enabled massively parallel ultrahigh capacity multiplexed data transmission [22,23]. Here, by using a new and powerful class of micro-comb called “soliton crystals” [11], we achieve unprecedented data transmission over standard optical fibre using a single integrated chip source. We demonstrate a line rate of 44.2 Terabits per second (Tb/s) using the telecommunications C-band at 1550nm with a spectral efficiency – a critically important performance metric - of 10.4 bits/s/Hz. Soliton crystals exhibit robust and stable generation and operation as well as a high intrinsic efficiency that, together with a low soliton micro-comb spacing of 48.9 GHz enable the use of a very high coherent data modulation format of 64 QAM (quadrature amplitude modulated). We demonstrate error free transmission over 75 km of standard optical fibre in the laboratory as well as in a field trial over an installed metropolitan optical fibre network. These experiments were greatly aided by the ability of the soliton crystals to operate without stabilization or feedback control. This work demonstrates the capability of optical soliton crystal micro-combs to perform in demanding and practical optical communications networks.
Antibody titers decline 3-month post-vaccination with BNT612b2
Authors: Favresse Julien , Bayart Jean-Louis , Mullier François , Elsen Marc , Eucher Christine , Eechhoudt Sandrine Van , Roy Tatiana , Wieers Gregoire , Laurent Christine , Dogné Jean-Michel , Closset Mélanie , Douxfils Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Several studies reported on the humoral response in subjects having received theBNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. However, data on the kinetics of antibodies 3 months postvaccinationare currently lacking and are important to drive the future vaccination strategy.Methods: The CRO-VAX HCP study is an ongoing multicenter, prospective and interventional studydesigned to assess the antibody response in a population of healthcare professionals who had receivedtwo doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Two-hundred individuals underwent a blooddrawn within 2 days before the first vaccine dose. One-hundred and forty-two persons (71%) werecategorized as seronegative at baseline while 58 (29%) were seropositive. Samples were then collectedafter 14, 28, 42, 56, and 90 days. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and the receptorbinding domain of the S1 subunit of the spike protein were measured in all individuals at different timepoints.Results: Using a one-compartment kinetics model, the time to maximum concentration was estimatedat 36 ± 3 days after the first dose and the estimated half-life of antibodies was 55 days (95% CI: 37-107days) in seronegative participants. In seropositive participants, the time to maximum concentrationwas estimated at 24 ± 4 days and the estimated half-life was 80 days (95% CI: 46-303 days). Theantibody response was higher in seropositive compared to seronegative participants.Conclusion: In both seropositive and seronegative subjects, a significant antibody decline wasobserved at 3 months compared to the peak response. Nevertheless, the humoral response remainedrobust in all participants.
Determination of Binding Potential of HCV Protease Inhibitors Against to SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease wtih Computational Docking
Authors: Çalışkaner Zihni Onur 
Published: June 2021

Background:
SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus that caused a pandemic respiratory disease,
has recently emerged from China. Since it is a life-threatening virus, investigation of curative
medications along with protective vaccines still maintains its importance. Drug repurposing is a reasonable
and immediate approach to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection by identifying inhibitory molecules
from marketed drugs. PL protease (PLpro) is one of the essential enzymes for the progression of
SARS-CoV-2 replication and life cycle.

Objective:
We aimed to investigate the potential of 4 HCV protease inhibitors as probable repurposing
drugs in Covid-19 treatment.

Methods:
In order to understand possible binding affinity of HCV protease inhibitors, Boceprevir,
Grazoprevir, Simeprevir, and Telaprevir, against PLpro, we performed docking analysis in silico.
Docking study was accomplished using AutoDock 4.2 Software. Potential druggable pockets on
PLpro were predicted by DoGSiteScorer tool in order to explore any overlapping with binding regions
and these pockets.

Results:
This analysis demonstrated Boceprevir, Grazoprevir, Simeprevir and Telaprevir interacted
by PLpro with binding energies (kcal/mol) of -4.97, -4.24, -6.98, -1.08, respectively. Asn109, one of
the interacted residues with both Boceprevir and Simeprevir, is a neighbouring residue to catalytic
Cys111. Additionally, Telaprevir notably interacted with catalytic His272 in the active site.

Conclusion:
Present study explains the binding efficiency and repurposing potential of certain HCV
protease inhibitors against to SARS-CoV-2 PLpro enzyme. Docking sites and potential druggability of
ligands were also crosschecked by the estimation of druggable pockets. Thereby our results can promote
promising preliminary data for research on drug development in the fight of Covid-19.
Effects of Quercetin and Coenzyme Q10 on Biochemical, Molecular, and
Morphological Parameters of Skeletal Muscle in Trained Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hussein Samia , Youssef Amal M. , Mohamed Dalia A. , Abdullah Doaa M. , Abdelrahman Shaimaa A. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the musculoskeletal system through its
metabolic perturbations. Exercise modulates blood sugar levels and increases the body’s sensitivity
to insulin in patients with DM.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of combined quercetin and coenzyme
Q10 (CoQ10) supplements with or without exercise on the histological, biochemical and
molecular structures of diabetic rat’s skeletal muscle.

Method:
A total of 64 adult male albino rats were divided into six groups: control, trained nondiabetic,
non-trained diabetic, diabetic rats treated with combined CoQ10 and quercetin, diabetic rats
with treadmill training, and diabetic rats treated with treadmill training and CoQ10 and quercetin.
Blood and skeletal muscle samples were obtained from all groups for routine histological examination
and biochemical determination of cytokine levels and protein activities. Quantitative real-time
polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and morphometric analysis of PAS and Bax expressions
were also performed.

Results:
Biochemical analysis revealed improvement in all studied parameters with combined Co-
Q10 and quercetin than exercise training alone. Combined treatment and exercise showed significant
improvement in all parameters especially interleukin 6 and malondialdehyde. Fibronectin type
III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) expression and irisin levels increased in all trained
groups but combined treatment with exercise significantly increased their levels than exercise
alone. Histological analysis revealed improvement after exercise or combined treatment; however,
when exercise was combined with CoQ10 and quercetin, marked improvement was observed.

Conclusion:
the combination of CoQ10 and quercetin could be promising in preserving musculoskeletal
function in patients with DM concomitantly with physical exercise.
Withdrawal Notice: Nanotoxicity of Multifunctional Stoichiometric Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles (SCoONPs) with Repercussions Towards Apoptosis and Necrosis at Nano-biointerfaces
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Chhikara Bhupender S. , Gulia Kiran , Chhillar Mitrabasu 
Published: June 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal Current Nanomedicine.

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Efek Intermolecular Forces: Perubahan Physical Properties pada Campuran Premium dan Bio-Additive Orange Peel
Authors: Musyaroh Musyaroh , Wijayanti Widya , Sasongko Mega Nur , Rizaldy Ahmad Difal 
Published: June 2021

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="PT-BR">The addition of bio-additive in gasoline was needed in order to improve the anti-knock quality. The bio-additive used was orange peel in the form of essential oil. Nevertheless, it make any changes of fuel properties affecting standard compliances: physical properties, engine performances and exhaust gas emissions due to some main compound effects of orange oil; limonene up to 90%. </span><span lang="PT-BR">The recent study aimed to analyze the blends of bio-additives and premium gasoline experimentally related to improve the fuel properties theoretically. By verifying the blends, they were tested at blending concentration ratio from 1% to 75%. For each blend, the physical properties; kinematic viscosity, density, and calorific value were measured using ASTM D 445, ASTM D 92, and ASTM D 250. The results show that the limonene gave many impacts on the change of properties fuel. Limonene is a non-polar compound with high intramolecular force intensity. It causes a spontaneous dipole and gave propagation effect on premium gasoline molecular compound. The effect influences dynamic molecular distribution by increasing the attractive force between opposite pole of premium gasoline and bio-additives blend. The decrease of intermolecular movement intensity will decrease the viscosity of the mixture. In contrary, the kinematic viscosity of the mixture will increase with increasing bio</span><span lang="IN">-</span><span lang="PT-BR">additive concentration. In other pysical properties, the premium gasoline-bio</span><span lang="IN">-</span><span lang="PT-BR">additive blends have low density at 1%, 5%, 10% and 25% addition concentration but it has high heating value of fuel blends.</span></p>
Economic burden of lives lost due to COVID-19 in New York State
Authors: Lui Briana , Zheng Michelle , White Robert S , Hoyler Marguerite 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
To examine the economic impact of lives lost due to the COVID-19 pandemic across New York State.
Materials & methods:
Death counts by age range and period life expectancy were extracted from the NYS Department of Health, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, and Social Security Administration website. Years of potential life lost and value of statistical life (VSL) were calculated.
Results:
The average years of potential life lost per person was 12.72 and 15.13, and the VSL was US$119.62 and 90.45 billion, in NYS and NYC, respectively. VSL was greatest in Queens and Brooklyn, followed by the Bronx, Manhattan and Staten Island.
Conclusion:
New York City, specifically Queens and Brooklyn, bore the greatest economic burden of lives lost across the state.