bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room‐Temperature Quantum Memories Based on Molecular Electron Spin Ensembles
Authors: Lenz Samuel , König Dennis , Hunger David , van Slageren Joris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhilst quantum computing has recently taken great leaps ahead, the development of quantum memories has decidedly lagged behind. Quantum memories are essential devices in the quantum technology palette and are needed for intermediate storage of quantum bit states and as quantum repeaters in long‐distance quantum communication. Current quantum memories operate at cryogenic, mostly sub‐Kelvin temperatures and require extensive and costly peripheral hardware. It is demonstrated that ensembles of weakly coupled molecular spins show long coherence times and can be used to store microwave pulses of arbitrary phase. These studies exploit strong coupling of the spin ensemble to special 3D microwave resonators. Most importantly, these systems operate at room temperature.
Assembly‐Type Wireless Communication Patch for Miniaturized Flexible Wearable Sensors
Authors: Song Min‐Su , Kang Sung‐Gu , Kim Joon‐Woo , Kim Jeonghyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWearable devices for diagnosing health conditions or monitoring the surrounding environment are being increasingly developed. Continuous monitoring using wearable devices requires suitable sensors, data processing systems, and wireless communication systems. Although these components are widely available, they are often rigid and bulky, hindering their application to wearable devices. Moreover, dedicated systems should be developed with specific circuitry and sensors because data acquisition and processing require different systems and algorithms depending on the device type and purpose. In this study, devices and assembly‐type concepts toward miniaturized flexible devices are analyzed to acquire and process biosignals and environmental measurements. The concepts are applied to a wireless communication system for transmitting data obtained from a sensor. The resulting modular devices provide high compatibility and enable various functions and physical configurations. The operation of a wireless communication system is verified using a pulse oximeter, a UV sensor, a gyroscope, and a temperature sensor that provide quantitative information after postprocessing using a microcontroller. The experimental results suggest the system applicability in various fields such as healthcare and the Internet of Things, especially suited for wearable device solutions.
4D Ultra‐High‐Density Long Data Storage Supported by a Solid‐State Optically Active Polymeric Material with High Thermal Stability
Authors: Gao Le , Zhang Qiming , Evans Richard A. , Gu Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe big data era has presented major challenges for data centers worldwide in information preservation aspects, such as storage capacity and long‐term sustainability. Here, a newly synthesized optically active polymeric material based on a highly thermally stable penta‐functional monomer dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate is reported. This material supports ultra‐high storage density with century‐long data lifetime utilizing the galvo‐dithered direct laser writing nanofabrication technique. Eighty layers of bit arrays and 16 grayscale‐level coding examples are demonstrated to confirm the feasibility of the 4D data storage with a data density reaching 10 terabytes per digital video disc. With the much‐improved thermal stability (the data degradation point reaches beyond 600 K) than average plastic materials, such as polymethylmethacrylate, this new polymeric material allows a data lifetime of nearly 250 years at room temperature (300 K), as confirmed by the accelerated aging test. This material offers a suitable storage medium solution for next generation optical data storage centers.
A Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Dopamine Modified Electrospun SEBS Fibers and MWCNTs with Carboxylation
Authors: Zhou Bangze , Liu Zhanxu , Li Chenchen , Liu Mengsi , Jiang Liang , Zhou Yanfen , Zhou Feng‐Lei , Chen Shaojuan , Jerrams Stephen , Yu Jianyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWearable flexible electronic strain sensor devices have developed rapidly in recent years due to their potential capacity to detect human motion in various situations. However, it still remains still a big challenge to fabricate strain sensors with high sensitivity over a wide workable strain range. In order to meet this challenge, a new type of strain sensor based on elastomer/carbon nanotube composite fiber is reported in this work. Elastomer fibers are initially prepared via the electrospinning of styrene ethylene butene styrene block copolymer (SEBS). The resultant SEBS fibers are then functionalized by sequentially coating with dopamine (DA) coating and carboxyl group (‐COOH) grafted multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) under vacuum filtration and ultrasonication. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis reveals that a large amount of MWCNTs is firmly bonded onto the SEBS fibers and evenly distributed. SEBS@PDA/MWCNTs composite fibers based strain sensors exhibit excellent performance, including a high gauge factor of 3717 and large workable strain range up to 530%. Furthermore, the developed sensors demonstrate excellent washing fastness and superior sensitivity in monitoring both small strains (e.g., pulse beats and vocal cord vibrations) and large strains (e.g., finger, elbow, and knee bending).
Advances in Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) Derived Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts and Their Application in Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Arafat Yasir , Azhar Muhammad Rizwan , Zhong Yijun , Abid Hussein Rasool , Tadé Moses O. , Shao Zongping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSecondary Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) are recognized as one of the most promising power sources for the future with lucrative features of low cost, high energy density, eco‐friendliness, and high safety. However, the widespread implementation of ZABs is still hampered by the sluggish oxygen redox reactions. Thus the deployment of cost‐effective and highly efficient air electrodes to substitute precious metals (Pt/Ir), is highly challenging, however, highly desired. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are emerging functional materials, which demonstrate several outstanding characteristics, such as high specific surface area, high conductivity, self‐doped N, open pore structure, versatile compositions and favourable chemical stability. Through varying the metal/organic moiety or by employing different synthesis protocols, ZIFs with different properties could be obtained. Being adaptable, desired functionalities may be further incorporated into ZIFs through pre‐treatment, in situ treatment, and post treatment. Thus, ZIFs are the ideal precursors for the preparation of variety of bi‐functional air electrodes for ZABs by materials tuning, morphological control, or by materials hybridization. Here, the recent advances of ZIFs‐based materials are critically surveyed from the perspective of synthesis, morphology, structure and properties, and correlated with performance indicators of ZABs. Finally, the major challenges and future prospects of ZIFs associated with ZABs are discussed.
Pseudo‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lin Pei‐Ying , Loganathan Aswaghosh , Raifuku Itaru , Li Ming‐Hsien , Chiu Yueh‐Ya , Chang Shao‐Tung , Fakharuddin Azhar , Lin Chen‐Fu , Guo Tzung‐Fang , Schmidt‐Mende Lukas , Chen Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 25%. Though their high PCE can be achieved by optimizing absorber layer and device interfaces, the intrinsic instability of perovskite materials is still a key issue to be resolved. Mixed‐halide perovskites using multiple halogen constituents have been proved to improve robustness; however, the anion at the X site in the ABX3 formula is not limited to halogens. Other negative monovalent ions with similar properties to halogens, such as pseudo‐halogens, have the opportunity to form perovskites with ABX3 stoichiometry. Recently, thiocyanates and formates have been utilized to synthesize stable perovskite materials. This review presents the evolution of pseudo‐halide perovskite solar cells in the past few years. The intrinsic properties, their effects on crystal structure, and bandgap engineering of the pseudo‐halide perovskites are summarized. Various thiocyanate compounds applied in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells are discussed. The fabrication process, film formation mechanism, and crystallinity of pseudo‐halide perovskites are elucidated to understand their effects on the photovoltaic performance and device stability. Other applications of pseudo‐halide perovskites are summarized in the final section. Lastly, this review concludes with suggestions and outlooks for further research directions.
An exploratory investigation of the measurement of cognitive load on shift: Application of cognitive load theory in emergency medicine
Authors: Vella Kimberly M. , Hall Andrew K. , van Merrienboer Jeroen J. G. , Hopman Wilma M. , Szulewski Adam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmergency physicians often experience a high cognitive load (CL) due to the inherent nature of working in acute care settings. CL has traditionally been measured in educational studies but has not been well studied in the clinical environment.MethodsEmergency medicine attending physicians and residents working in an academic urgent care center completed psychometric questionnaires while on shift to measure overall CL, intrinsic cognitive load (ICL), extraneous cognitive load (ECL), and acute stress. Data regarding the patient load, patient acuity, and the number of patients in the waiting room were also collected. Correlational analysis and simple linear regression were used to evaluate predictors of CL on shift.ResultsForty‐two questionnaires were completed (26 by attending physicians, 16 by residents). Attending physicians carried a significantly higher patient load compared to residents (p < 0.001). No differences in mean overall CL, ICL, ECL, and acute stress were observed between attending physicians and residents. Bivariate analysis demonstrated associations between ICL, ECL, acute stress, and overall CL in attending physicians. In residents, acute stress was the only variable associated with overall CL and the number of high‐acuity patients was associated with ICL.ConclusionsFactors influencing reported CL during clinical work are different between attending emergency physicians and residents. Further study to appreciate the impact of these differences is required and may help educators elucidate strategies to better manage CL, thereby improving clinical performance and potentially improving patient care.
Yield response of field‐grown cowpea varieties to Bradyrhizobium inoculation
Authors: Ayalew Tewodros , Yoseph Tarekegn , Petra Hoegy , Cadisch Georg 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a widely cultivated crop for food and animal feed, with a high potential for alleviation of climate change effects on crop production due to its biological nitrogen fixing ability. However, its yields are low in Ethiopia partly due to poor agronomic practices such as lack of improved varieties, low soil fertility, and limited input use including bio‐inoculants. Field experiments were conducted in the cropping seasons 2018 and 2019 at three climate change and food insecurity vulnerable sites in Ethiopia (Boricha, Dore, and Hawassa) to determine yield responses of cowpea varieties to Bradyrhizobium inoculation. Four cowpea varieties, Keti (IT99K‐1122), TVU, Black eye bean, and White wonderer trailing in combination with three inoculation levels (un‐inoculated or inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains CP‐24 or CP‐37) were used in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. Results revealed significant varietal differences in crop yield and yield components over years and across sites. Averaged over the seasons, seed yield of TVU was higher by 52% compared to the low‐yielding Black eye bean variety. On average of the three sites, inoculation of cowpea with strain CP‐24 significantly increased seed yield (21%), pod number (16%), and 100‐seed weight (13%) relative to the control. Furthermore, the interaction between variety and inoculant resulted in a significant increase in seed yield and number of pods per plant of TVU × CP‐24 by 60 and 68%, respectively, as compared to the un‐inoculated treatment. Overall, inoculation of the cowpea varieties TVU and White wonderer trailing with Bradyrhizobium strains CP‐24 is recommended at all the three tested sites and similar agro‐ecological environments for improved productivity of cowpea.
Asthma and delirium episodes during hospitalization
Authors: Bozek Andrzej , Fiolka Rafał , Zajac Magdalena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelirium incidences during hospitalization are an important problem in elderly patients. The problem of delirium episodes in patients with obstructive disease during hospitalization was investigated.Material and MethodsFrom a total of 37,156 subjects, the following were randomly selected: 3261 patients with asthma, 4896 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 5455 without obstructive disease. Their ages ranged from 65‐95 years, and they were hospitalized between 2006 and 2015. Delirium incidences were monitored based on the International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐10 codes and medical documentation.ResultsThe delirium episodes during all hospitalizations were independently associated with asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 2.91, confidence interval [CI] = 1.62‐5.84), with severe type of asthma (OR = 4.24, CI = 1.94‐8.93), partim controlled asthma (OR = 3.1, CI = 1.29‐8.46), and uncontrolled asthma (OR = 4.88, CI = 2.12‐9.42). It was comparable with COPD as follows: all incidences of delirium during hospitalization (OR = 3.17, CI = 1.42‐7.23) or severe COPD (III degree OR = 5.15, CI = 2.01‐13.69). Elderly patients with asthma with uncontrolled or partially controlled asthma with a coincidence of advanced age, dementia, or smoking had a greater predisposition to delirium episodes, particularly after surgery. Additionally, delirium incidence caused death more frequently in patients with asthma than in those with COPD.ConclusionElderly patients with asthma have a higher risk of delirium episodes during any hospitalization, and, frequently, it ends in death.
Ruthenium (VIII) Catalysed Dearomative Pyridyl C−X Activation: Direct Synthesis of N‐ Alkyl‐2‐pyridones
Authors: Das Biswajit , Rout Nilendri , Sarkar Debayan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn efficient synthetic strategy employing pyridyl C−X activation, for the generation of N‐alkyl‐2‐pyridones from N‐alkyl‐2‐halopyridinium salts is described. As pyridones are dearomatised synthetic derivatives of pyridines, a versatile scope exist for pyridyl C−H functionalisation. The present strategy exemplifies a straight forward in‐situ generation of Ru(VIII), leading catalytic dearomative synthesis of pyridones. The N‐alkyl‐2‐pyridones are further reduced to N‐alkyl‐2‐piperidones and a plausible mechanism is also drawn, which is supported by some controlled reactions.
Pd‐Catalyzed Domino Cross‐Coupling: Synthesis of Functionalized 4‐(Arylethynyl)Coumarins
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Nand Sachchida , Murty Venneti N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed domino cross‐coupling methodology was developed to synthesize various 4‐(arylethynyl)coumarin derivatives involving 4‐(gem‐dibromovinyl)coumarins and triarylbismuths as threefold aryl donor reagents. In these reactions, 4‐(gem‐dibromovinyl)coumarin derivatives have been cross‐coupled with sub‐stoichiometric amounts of triarylbismuth reagents. This study involving mono‐, chemoselective and bis‐couplings have been demonstrated with versatile reactivity under the established Pd‐catalyzed domino coupling conditions affording good to high product yields.
Influences of different imidization conditions on polyimide fiber properties and structure
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Zhang Junying , Niu Hongqing , Wu Dezhen , Zhang Mengying , Han Enlin , Sheng Jing , Sun Xiaoguang , Fan Chao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the present work we prepared co‐polyimide (PI) fibers with excellent mechanical and dielectric properties by the wet‐spinning method. The co‐PI fiber exhibited high mechanical property with a tensile strength of 2.61 GPa and modulus of 86.7 Gpa as well as a low dielectric constant and a dielectric loss factor of 2.7463 and 0.00793 at 10 GHz, respectively. The relationship between the properties and the microstructure of co‐PI fibers after heat‐drawing was investigated. The results revealed that the hydrogen‐bond associations and the microvoids structure were highly affected by imidization conditions. Both the formations of the hydrogen‐bond associations and the evolution of microvoids were attributed to the change in tensile strength. Furthermore, the fibers prepared at proper conditions possessed fewer surface defects as well as homogeneous inner structure. Our work demonstrates the structure–property relationship in annealed PI fibers, which may provides a new avenue to access high‐performance PI fibers.
Improved tire tread compounds using functionalized styrene butadiene rubber‐silica filler/hybrid filler systems
Authors: Mazumder Amrita , Chanda Jagannath , Bhattacharyya Sanjay , Dasgupta Saikat , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAutomotive industry is currently looking for an eco‐friendly tire with low rolling resistance coefficient (RRc), better traction, wear resistance, and fatigue properties. Presently, solution styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR)‐silica systems are pursued for balancing between traction and RRc. However, the interaction between SSBR and silica is not enough to give satisfactory results. Functionalized‐SSBR (FSSBR) leads to better rubber‐silica interaction due to introduction of polar groups in the polymer chain. The present study investigates the influence of FSSBR, highly dispersible (HD) silica, and its hybrid filler systems with organically modified nanoclay (ONC) and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelet (xGnP). Both MH, and Δtorque were higher for the FSSBR‐HD silica compound (S1) with the lowest change in storage modulus (∆G') value, due to higher polymer‐filler interaction. S1 exhibited 16% ice traction and 12% wet traction improvement with 29% lower rolling resistance over SSBR‐silica compound. S1 showed the best wet traction rating and wear resistance. Replacing small portion of silica by ONC and xGnP improved the properties further. At 5 phr of nanofiller, TEM images revealed well‐dispersed nanofillers in the FSSBR matrix. The xGnP compound showed the least crack growth. For both the cases, abradability decreased with higher nanofiller amount, due to better reinforcement of the rubber.
Predicting the Risk of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Chinese Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment and Research Group Cohort Study
Authors: Qu Jingge , Li Mengtao , Wang Yanhong , Duan Xinwang , Luo Hui , Zhao Cheng , Zhan Feng , Wu Zhenbiao , Li Hongbin , Yang Min , Xu Jian , Wei Wei , Wu Lijun , Liu Yongtai , You Hanxiao , Qian Juyan , Yang Xiaoxi , Huang Can , Zhao Jiuliang , Wang Qian , Leng Xiaomei , Tian Xinping , Zhao Yan , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivePulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, there is no algorithm to identify those at high risk. This study was undertaken to develop a prediction model for PAH in patients with lupus that provides individualized risk estimates.MethodsA multicenter, longitudinal cohort study was undertaken from January 2003 to January 2020. The study collected data on 3,624 consecutively evaluated patients diagnosed as having SLE. The diagnosis of PAH was confirmed by right‐sided heart catheterization. Cox proportional hazards regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to fit the model. Model discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis were performed for validation.ResultsNinety‐two lupus patients (2.54%) developed PAH during a median follow‐up of 4.84 years (interquartile range 2.42–8.84). The final prediction model included 5 clinical variables (acute/subacute cutaneous lupus, arthritis, renal disorder, thrombocytopenia, and interstitial lung disease) and 3 autoantibodies (anti‐RNP, anti‐Ro/SSA and anti‐La/SSB). A 10‐year PAH probability‐predictive nomogram was established. The model was internally validated by Harrell’s concordance index (0.78), the Brier score (0.03), and a satisfactory calibration curve. According to the net benefit and predicted probability thresholds, we recommend annual screening in high‐risk (>4.62%) lupus patients.ConclusionWe developed a risk stratification model using routine clinical assessments. This new tool may effectively predict the future risk of PAH in patients with SLE.
Inositol‐Requiring Enzyme 1α–Mediated Synthesis of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids as a Driver of B Cell Differentiation and Lupus‐like Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Zhang Yana , Gui Ming , Wang Yajun , Mani Nikita , Chaudhuri Shuvam , Gao Beixue , Li Huabin , Kanwar Yashpal S. , Lewis Sarah A. , Dumas Sabrina N. , Ntambi James M. , Zhang Kezhong , Fang Deyu 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsB cells in peripheral blood from patients with SLE and healthy controls were stained with BODIPY dye for detection of lipids. Mice with targeted knockout of genes for B cell–specific inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE‐1α) and stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD‐1) were used for studying the influence of the IRE‐1α/SCD‐1/SCD‐2 pathway on B cell differentiation and autoantibody production. The preclinical efficacy of IRE‐1α suppression as a treatment for lupus was tested in MRL.Faslpr mice.ResultsIn cultures with mouse IRE‐1α–null B cells, supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids largely rescued differentiation of plasma cells from B cells, indicating that the compromised capacity of B cell differentiation in the absence of IRE‐1α may be attributable to a defect in monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, activation with IRE‐1α/X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP‐1) was required to facilitate B cell expression of SCD‐1 and SCD‐2, which are 2 critical enzymes that catalyze monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Mice with targeted Scd1 gene deletion displayed a phenotype that was similar to that of IRE‐1α–deficient mice, with diminished B cell differentiation into plasma cells. Importantly, in B cells from patients with lupus, both IRE‐1α expression and Xbp1 messenger RNA splicing were significantly increased, and this was positively correlated with the expression of both Scd1 and Scd2 as well as with the amount of B cell lipid deposition. In MRL.Faslpr mice, both genetic and pharmacologic suppression of IRE‐1α protected against the pathologic development and progression of lupus‐like autoimmune disease.ConclusionThe results of this study reveal a molecular link in the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of lupus, demonstrating that the IRE‐1α/XBP‐1 pathway controls plasma cell differentiation through SCD‐1/SCD‐2–mediated monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis. These findings provide a rationale for targeting IRE‐1α and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis in the treatment of patients with SLE.