bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 1-Hydroxy-3-O-Substituted Xanthone Derivatives and their Structure-activity Relationship on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effect
Authors: Vanessa Vincentsia Vienna , Teh Soek Sin , Lam Kok Wai , Mah Siau Hui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Xanthones are valuable compounds in drug design and development, attributed to their multi-dimensional pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinesterase. This study focused on the synthesis of 1,3-dihydroxyxanthone (1) and its new 1-hydroxy-3-O-substituted derivatives with alkyl (2a-2f), alkenyl (2g-2k), alkynyl (2l-2n) and alkylated phenyl (2o-2r) groups and were synthesised in a high percentage yield of >70%, except for 2l and 2p. Their structures were confirmed by MS, NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. The evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities showed that all the substituted xanthones (2a-2r) are more potent than 1. Compounds 2g and 2j are the strongest AChE inhibitors with the IC50 values of 20.8 and 21.5 μM and their enzyme kinetic analyses indicated that these derivatives possess a mixed-mode inhibition, where they targeted both the active sites and allosteric sites of AChE. Molecular docking study revealed that 2g binds favourably to the active site of AChE via π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding, in addition to π-alkyl interaction and alkyl interaction from the substituent group. The xanthone derivatives are identified as potential lead compounds for further development of Alzheimer’s disease treatments.
The Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocytes and Platelets (HALP) Predicts Long-term Survival in Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Li Fengjuan , Wei Zheng zachory , Xie Dan , Han Yanfei , Liu Beibei , Zhao Fangfang , Luo Yumin , Zhang Yongbo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The survival of posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS) patients is worse. The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score is a novel combined index reflecting nutritional and inflammation status. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the HALP score on the prognosis of PCIS. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was used to draw the survival curves. Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to determine the independent prognostic factors. The predictive power was evaluated by assessing the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 238 PCIS patients were retrospectively enrolled, and the median follow-up time was 4.3 years. Based on the Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, it was noticed that a low HALP value was significantly associated with a worse overall survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and HALP score were independent risk factors for overall survival (HR 1.059, 1.26 and 0.354). Furthermore, the combination of the HALP and NIHSS score improved the prediction performance (AUC 0.888) and appeared to has the ability to accurately identify high-risk patients with poor prognosis.
Heavy Metal Removal by Magnetospirillum Strains and its Possible Use in the Treatment of Tannery Effluents
Authors: Sannigrahi Sumana , K. Suthindhiran 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals pose a serious threat to the environment and their continuous accumulation cause ecological imbalance. Biosorption of heavy metals by bacteria is a conventional process. However, the meagre performance of bacterial biomass in situ limits their applications. Magnetotactic bacteria are microaerophilic organism that possesses an active metal transport system for the biomineralization of iron oxide particles. On this basis, this work investigates the ability of chosen Magnetospirillum strains, viz, MSR-1 RJS2, RJS5, RJS6, and RJS7 to uptake the heavy metals through biomineralization. Metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, manganese, nickel, chromium, and cobalt were supplemented independently (1 ppm and 10 ppm) in previously optimized MS1 media as a sole electron donor and its utilization by the bacteria were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Further, the optimal time/days and metal concentration for efficient biosorption were optimized. All the strains were grown in presence of metals and the growth pattern was found to be unaltered due to metal concentration. The AAS analysis revealed metal biosorption (1 ppm) by all five strains. RJS5 strain utilized all the metals viz, cadmium (95.8%), manganese (39.3%), lead (58%), nickel (57%), zinc (55%), chromium (27.5%) and cobalt (78%). Similarly, RJS2 strain showed metal biosorption in cadmium (26.4%), manganese (28%), lead (96%), nickel (30%), zinc (9.2%), chromium (51%) and cobalt (48%). The strain MSR-1 displayed biosorption of five metals- chromium (100%), cadmium (55%), manganese (12%), cobalt (40%) and nickel (4%). Both RJS6 and RJS7 displayed significant biosorption of six metals˗ cadmium (52%), manganese (17.2%), nickel (10%), zinc (34%), chromium (100%) and cobalt (59%) and cadmium (24%), manganese (22%), nickel (7.8%), zinc (40%), chromium (69%) and cobalt (28%) respectively. Metal biosorption in MSR-1 was higher in 10 ppm than 1 ppm concentration. Moreover, metals – lead and nickel biosorption was more evident in 10 ppm concentration by MTBs. RJS5 being the effective strain was exposed to a high concentration of lead, cadmium, and zinc. AAS analysis revealed the biosorption of lead (93.42%) at a 50 ppm concentration. The strains were further exposed for metal biosorption from tannery effluents. RJS6 showed higher biosorption of metals compared to other strains with nickel (88%) and zinc (81%). RJS2 displayed significant biosorption of manganese (82%) and cobalt (96%). The other three strains MSR-1, RJS5, and RJS7 showed moderate biosorption of metals from tannery effluent. The MTB strains showed biosorption against all the metals from tannery effluent. The ability of these strains to remove heavy metals from industrial waste can be further explored for a clean environment.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction in Elderly Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis Before and After Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Caglayan Hatice Akay , Kjønås Didrik , Malm Siri , Schirmer Henrik , Rösner Assami 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The 2016 guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) for evaluation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction by Doppler flow and tissue Doppler- echocardiography do not adjust assessment of high filling pressures for patients with aortic stenosis (AS). However, most of the studies on this patient group indicate age independent specific diastolic features in AS. The aim of this study is to identify disease-specific range and distribution of diastolic functional parameters and their ability to identify high N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels as a marker for high filling pressures.Methods: In this study, 169 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) were prospectively enrolled. Resting echocardiography was performed including Doppler of the mitral inflow, pulmonary venous flow, tricuspid regurgitant flow and tissue Doppler in the mitral ring and indexed volume-estimates of the left atrium (LAVI). Echocardiography, and NT-proBNP levels were assessed before TAVR/SAVR and at two postoperative visits at 6 and 12 months. Results: Pre- and postoperative values were septal e´; 5.1±3.9, 5.2±1.6 cm/s; lateral e´ 6.3±2.1; 7.7±2.7 cm/s; E/e´19±8; 16±7 cm/s; E velocity 96±32; 95±32 cm/s; LAVI 39±8; 36±8 ml/m2, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) 39±8; 36±8 mmHg, respectively. The scoring recommended by ASE/EACVI detected elevated NT pro-BNP with a specificity of 25%. Adjusting thresholds towards PAP ≥ 40 mmHg, E velocity ≥ 100 cm/s, E deceleration time < 220 ms, and E/septal e´ ≥ 20 or septal e´< 5.0 cm/s increased prediction of NT-proBNP levels ≥ 500 ng/L with substantially increased specificity (>85%).Conclusion: Diastolic echocardiographic parameters in AS indicate persistent impaired relaxation and NT-proBNP indicate elevated filling pressures in most of the patients, improving only modestly 6-12 months after TAVR and SAVR. Applying the 2016 ASE/EACVI recommendations for detection of elevated filling pressures to patients with AS, elevated NT pro-BNP levels could not be reliably detected. However, adjusting thresholds of the echocardiographic parameters increased specificities to useful diagnostic levels. Trial registration: The study was prospectively approved by the regional ethical committee, REK North with the registration number: REK 2010/397-10
Full-length MAVS Inhibits Hepatitis E Virus Replication Dependent of JAK Signaling
Authors: Qu Changbo , Li Yang , Li Yunlong , Pan Yihang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the leading cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated interferon (IFN) response plays a pivotal role in the hepatic antiviral immunity. However, little is known about the effects of overexpression of MAVS on HEV infection. Here, we studied the effects of FL-MAVS on HEV. We found that overexpression of FL-MAVS profoundly inhibited HEV replication. The overexpression of FL-MAVS is accompanied by the secretion of functional IFNs and transcriptional induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, we showed that the anti-HEV effect of FL-MAVS is largely dependent of the JAK signaling activation.
Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Oral Cancers reported at Dental Facility: Assessing the Utility of FFPE tissues
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Aggarwal Nikita , Tyagi Abhishek , Vishnoi Kanchan , Jadli Mohit , Singh Tejveer , Goel Ankit , Pandey Durgatosh , Sharma Ankita , Agarwal Kiran , Sarkar Urmi , Doval Dinesh Chandra , Sharma Shashi , Mehrotra Ravi , Singh Sukh Mahendra , Bharti Alok Chandra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oral cancers is on the rise. However, epidemiological data of this subset of cancers is limited. Dental hospital pose a unique advantage in detection of HPV-positive oral malignancies. We assessed the utility of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, which are readily available, for evaluation of high-risk HPV infection in oral cancer. For protocol standardization, we used 20 prospectively-collected, paired FFPE and fresh tissues of histopathologically-confirmed oral cancer cases reported in Oral Medicine department of a dental hospital for comparative study. Only short-PCRs (~200bp) of DNA isolated using a modified xylene-free method displayed a concordant HPV result. For HPV analysis, we used additional 30 retrospectively-collected FFPE tissues. DNA isolated from these specimens showed an overall 23.4% (11/47) HPV positivity with detection of HPV18. Comparison of HPV positivity from dental hospital FFPE-specimens with overall HPV positivity of freshly-collected oral cancer specimens (n-55) from three cancer care hospitals of the same region showed notable difference (12.7%; 7/55). Further, cancer hospital specimens showed HPV16 positivity and displayed a characteristic difference in reported sub-sites and patient spectrum. Overall, using a xylene-free FFPE-DNA isolation method clubbed with short amplicon PCR, we showed detection of HPV-positive oral cancer in dental hospitals.
Health Systems’ Preparedness to Provide Post-abortion Care: Assessment of Health Facilities in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Nigeria
Authors: Juma Kenneth Okoth , Ouedraogo Ramatou , Adjei Joshua-Amo , Sie Ali , Ouattara Mamadou , Emma-Echiegu Nkechi , Eton Joseph , Mutua Michael , Bangha Martin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), access to abortion is legally restricted, which partly contributes to high incidence of unsafe abortion. This may result in unsafe abortion-related complications that demand long hospital stays, treatment and attendance by skilled health providers. There is however, limited evidence on the capacity of public health facilities to deliver post-abortion care (PAC) in these settings. We describe and discuss the preparedness and capacity of public health facilities to deliver complete and quality PAC services in Burkina Faso, Kenya and Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of primary, secondary and tertiary-level public health facilities was conducted between November 2018 and February 2019 in the three countries. Data on signal functions for measuring the ability of health facilities to provide post-abortion services were collected and analyzed. These data included information on essential PAC equipment and supplies, PAC staffing and training among others. Results: Across the three countries, fewer primary health facilities (ranging from 4.3%–12.2% in Kenya and Burkina Faso) had the capacity to deliver on all components of basic PAC services. Only one in three (30–33%) of referral facilities across Burkina Faso, Kenya and Nigeria could provide comprehensive PAC services. Lack of trained staff, absence of necessary equipment and lack of PAC commodities and supplies were a main reason for inability to deliver specific PAC services (such as surgical procedures for abortion complications, blood transfusion and post-PAC contraceptive counselling). Further, the lack of capacity to refer acute PAC cases to higher-level facilities was identified as a key weakness in provision of post-abortion care services. Conclusions: Our findings reveal considerable gaps and weaknesses in the delivery of basic and comprehensive PAC within the three countries. There is need for increased investments by governments to strengthen capacity of primary, secondary and tertiary public health facilities to deliver quality PAC services.
Changes in Positive Airway Pressure Use in Adults with Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional National Community-Based Survey
Authors: Kendzerska Tetyana , Saad Mysa , Ayas Najib , Robillard Rebecca 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To better understand: i) a positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy use during the pandemic, ii) how PAP use may relate to sleep, health, and COVID-19-related outcomes, and iii) factors associated with PAP use during the pandemic. Methods: This study is based on data collected between Apr 2020 and Jan 2021 as part of the online cross-sectional national community-based survey. The included participants were located in North America, 18 years and older, with self-reported sleep-related breathing disorder (SBD) and usage of a PAP device in the last month before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (“in the past 7 days”). Results: Of all respondents, 7.2% (41/570) stopped using PAP during the pandemic. There were no significant differences between individuals who continued and stopped using PAP in the time elapsed since the pandemic declaration, age, sex, education level, occupational status, family income, or the proportions of individuals endorsing symptoms that could be related to COVID-19. Compared to individuals who continued using PAP, those who stopped had significantly shorter sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, and poorer sleep quality. Higher stress levels and living with someone who experienced symptoms that could be attributable to COVID-19 were independently associated with stopping using PAP.Conclusions: In this survey study, we found that most individuals with SBD continued PAP therapy during the pandemic. However, even 7% of participants who stopped using PAP cannot be ignored. Identifying individuals at risk of discontinuing PAP treatment would help design targeted interventions for patients and health professionals to improve PAP use.
The Differences in Cognitive Deficits Among Older Adult Patients with Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder: The Results of a Chart Review Study From 1997 to 2017
Authors: Lee Kun-Hua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
1. Background: literature indicated the patient with schizophrenia showed worse cognitive deficit than those with BD, however, little study was to examine the differences of cognitive deficits from clinical data and alternative measurement instruments. Moreover, the report of Cognitive Ability Screening Inventory and chart review were applied in this study. 2. Methods: This study reviewed the charts of 354 patients seen between 1997 and 2017, and each chart included diagnosis, sex, educational level, age, and two copies of Cognitive Ability Screening Inventory (CASI) reports. Each chart contained a diagnosis of SZ, SAD, or BD, and each patient was 55 years old or older. Descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and the Chi-square test were used to analyze differences in demographic information and measurement variables at the first visit. A Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) was used to examine the effects of time, group, and interactions. The significance level was set at 0.05. 3. Results: Overall CASI scores did not have any significant differences by group, time, or interaction, but the attention subscale, orientation subscale, and fluency subscale had interaction effects. Through GEE analysis, our results partially support the idea that patients with SZ have stable cognitive deficits in all cognitive domains, whereas patients with SAD and BD show fluctuations in cognitive deficits in several cognitive domains, including CASI total scores, orientation, fluency, long-term memory, and abstract thinking.4. Conclusions: Based on the implications of our findings, more time-efficient cognitive assessments could be provided, and specific cognitive rehabilitation programs could be developed for older adults experiencing psychosis.
Social media utilisation and sexual health education. What are the issues? A systematic review
Authors: Nyaaba Albert Apotele , Ayamga Matthew , Seidu Abdul-aziz 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundYoung people are at a greater risk of poor sexual health and hence, require comprehensive, effective sexual health education. These cohort are constant users of social media which presents many innovative possibilities for sexual health education.MethodsA guided search was conducted on scientific and medical databases. Selected publications within the last five years on sexual health education were classified according to their study designs, sexual health promotion/education as the main subject, target audience age, and social media use. In all, 25 publications met the inclusion criteria out of which 60% were observational studies, 12% randomised controls and 28% non-randomised. About 96% publications reporting on the main subject sexual health promotion or education. Sixty (60%) of the included publications reported specifically on young people between the ages of 12-30 years.ResultsAbout 72% of the studies found that social media has positive effects on knowledge, behaviour, and attitudes of young people and 20% reported on its negative effects on young people.ConclusionSocial media is promising in promoting knowledge, behavioural and attitudinal change in young people. However, further research is required to improve sexual health program implementation and audience reach as well as determine the effectiveness of social media in changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours.
Prevalence and factors associated to depression among Debrebirhan University students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: (MD  
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background:

Undiagnosed depression among university students has an adverse effect on the wellbeing and academic performance of students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among Debre Birhan university students.
Methodology:

Institutional based cross-sectional study design is conducted in Debre Birhan University from April to June 2013 E.C. Three hundred sixty nine students participated in this study which was selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a self-administered PHQ-9 standard depression questionnaire. First the data was entered into in Epidata 3.1 and then was exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Associated factors were identified using binary logistic regression and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared as statistically significant factors with the outcome variables.
Result:

All of the study subjects were between ages 18 and 33 with a mean age of 22.65 9 ± 2.78. The overall prevalence of depression is 17.1%. Among this according to PHQ-9 scores cut scores, 161(43.6 %) scored as normal (0–4), 145(39.3%) scored as mild (5–9), 53(14.4%) scored as moderate (10–14), 4(1.1%) scored as moderately severe (15–19) and 6(1.6%) students scored as sever (> 20). In multivariate analysis being female AOR = 9.28[3.47–24.81], academic year AOR = 0.236[0.059–0.936], smoking 26.3[9.33–74.1] and alcohol use AOR of 2.62[0.95–7.21] are significantly associated with depression.
Conclusion and recommendation:

This study found a considerable proportion of undergraduate students with depression. Higher institutions need to pay special attention to students especially those who are female, junior students, smokers and alcohol users.
Metabolite trafficking enables programmed terpene secretion by yeast
Authors: Lee Ju Young , Son So-Hee , Kim Jae-Eung , Park Gyuri , Ko Young-Joon , Sung Bong Hyun , Oh Seung Soo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Metabolites are often unable to permeate cell membranes and are thus accumulated inside cells 1. We investigated whether engineered microbes could exclusively secrete intracellular metabolites because sustainable metabolite secretion holds a great potential for mass-production of high-value chemicals in an efficient and continuous manner 2,3. In this study, we demonstrated a synthetic pathway for a metabolite trafficking system that enables lipophilic terpene secretion by yeast cells. When metabolite-binding proteins are tagged with signal peptides, metabolite trafficking becomes programmable; loaded metabolites can be precisely delivered to a desired location within or outside the cell. As a proof of concept, we systematically coupled a terpene-specific protein with an export signal peptide and subsequently demonstrated exceptionally efficient, yet selective terpene secretion by yeast (~225 mg/L for squalene and ~1.6 mg/L for β-carotene). Other carrier proteins could also be readily fused with desired signal peptides, thereby tailoring different metabolite trafficking pathways in different microbes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and most efficient cognate pathway for metabolite secretion by microorganisms.
A importância dos Grupos de Gestantes para a emancipação da parturiente: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Gorito Jéssica Cristina de Sousa , Silva Geísa Sereno Velloso da , Silva Thiago Augusto Soares Monteiro da , Diogo Catia Maria dos Santos , Nascimento José Carlos do 
Published: August 2021

No que segue, é feita uma revisão de literatura sobre como o grupo de gestantes podem operar no sentido da otimização do cuidado realizado por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Objetiva-se discutir como grupos de gestantes podem ajudar a melhorar a educação das mesmas. Pata tanto, parte-se de pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, em cima de diversos artigos de pesquisa empírica e teórica de diversos autores. Constata-se que quando a gestante participa de grupos implementados por profissionais de saúde, todos os objetivos da atenção básica são conseguidos de forma mais rápida e eficaz, já que a comunicação, o diálogo, a educação em saúde, as informações compartilhadas sobre as singularidades individuais e regionais, dentre outros pontos, são melhor trabalhados em grupos.
Palavras-Chave: Enfermagem; Gravidez; Mortalidade; Parto; Saúde.