bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ACCEPTANCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MIGRANTS TO SLOVAKIA BASED ON GENDER
Authors:   The Institute of Social Sciences, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences (Slovakia), Bozogáňová Miroslava , Pethö Tatiana 
Published: May 2021

Schahbasi, Huber and Fieder (2020) found that men are generally more sceptical toward migration than women. The goal of this paper is to analyse the acceptance of different types of migrants to Slovakia based on gender. An experimental vignette methodology (EVM) with a simple experimental design was used - the reason for coming to Slovakia was manipulated. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of three different vignettes. The research sample consisted of 1001 respondents (49% men) aged 17 to 75 years (M = 44.81; SD = 14.92). Each vignette describes a different type of migrant according to the reasons for coming to Slovakia, while the word "migrant" was omitted to avoid prejudice. Control group (general description of people coming to Slovakia) - 334 respondents (51.2% men), group 1 (people coming for work / study) - 335 respondents (47.5% men); and group 2 (people arriving for a threat in their home country) - 332 respondents (48.2% men). The data were collected online (panel collection) in the Slovak Republic with the ambition to obtain a representative sample. Respondents were asked if they would accept a person coming to Slovakia from another country for ... a close relative acquired by marriage, a close personal friend, a neighbour living on the same street, co-worker / colleague, citizen of the SR and visitor of the SR, where 1 = strongly agree – 5 = strongly disagree. The comparison of respondents using t-test for independent samples showed that there were significant differences between men and women in control group - women had more acceptance for coming people as a close personal friend (Cohen's d = 0.251) and less for co-worker / colleague (Cohen's d = 0.224) than men. Women from group 1 had also more acceptance in terms of co-worker / colleague (Cohen's d = 0.331) and the visitor of the SR (Cohen's d = 0.276) than men. There were no differences in group 2. For the interpretation of the results, it is necessary to look at the negligible size of the differences between men and women. Respondents were in the “accepting” part of the scale (M = 2.31; SD = 0.82). The results suggest that there are almost none differences in the acceptance of migrants between men and women, regardless of vignette they evaluated in Slovakia. Based on our data is seems, that gender is not the main factor of acceptance rate of different types of migrants.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Saint-Petersburg State University (Russia), Deyneka Olga , Maksimenko Alexandr ,   Laboratory of Anti-Corruption Policy, National Research University «Higher School of Economics» (Russia)
Published: May 2021

The problem of the psychological impact of a pandemic, quarantine and self-isolation on the state of society attracts increased attention of specialists (Hua J., Shaw R., 2020; Li S., Wang Y. et all, 2020, Enikolopov S. et all, 2020; Fedosenko E., 2020). The objective of our work was to find the most common attitudes and types of responses of Russians to the epidemic COVID-19 taking into account their involvement in social networks, critical thinking and severity of psychopathological symptoms. The study was carried out during the recession of the first wave of the pandemic in early June 2020. The main tool was the questionnaire of T. Nestik in an abridged version. Additionally, a questionnaire of critical thinking was used (CTI, Epstein, adapted by S. Enikolopov and S. Lebedev, 2004); test of psychopathological symptoms SCL-90-R; social media engagement questionnaire (Karadag, 2015) was used. The study involved 986 people (56.9% male, 43.1% female) aged 18 to 76 years. Using exploratory factor analysis, 6 types of responses to the epidemic situation caused by COVID-19 were identified (fans / opponents of the "conspiracy theory"; responsible / irresponsible, covid-dissidents, covid-optimists, misophobes, anti-vaccinators). The dominant belief among the respondents is that the emergence of new infectious diseases is a natural process of mutation that occurs in nature without the participation of people, or the result of someone's mistake. Conspiracy theories were significantly more common among elderly people and women. Citizens see salvation from the epidemic in the moral conscience and responsibility of everyone. At the same time, they do not trust both official information and information from fellow citizens. Representatives of the older generation have higher confidence in the country's leadership, in the possibilities of medicine and science, and in fellow citizens. Correlations of non-critical thinking with manifestations of misophobia and fear of new epidemics were revealed. Depressive subjects were more concerned about the illegal behavior of fellow citizens and misophobia. Long-term fear of epidemics has been correlated with anxiety. Among those who prefer social networks to official information (television, radio, print), statistically significantly more are those who not only do not trust official information about the epidemic situation, but also do not trust their fellow citizens, attributing to them possible facts of concealing information about the disease because of the fear of being quarantined. Thus, the COVID-consciousness of Russians demonstrated a combination of rather contradictory attitudes.
Self-compassion to decrease performance anxiety in climbers: A randomized control trial
Authors: Röthlin Philipp , Leiggener Romaine 
Published: May 2021

In climbing, anxiety may impair performance. Using an evolutionary approach, we hypothesized that athletes who treat themselves with self-compassion activate their contentment and soothing system and thus reduce their performance anxiety. A two-week randomized control trial was used to investigate the effect of self-compassion on somatic and cognitive anxiety. We compared two groups (intervention and waiting list) on two dates. Sixty climbers (Mage = 27.95, SDage = 8.57) completed the pre- and post-assessment. The intervention consisted of a psychoeducational leaflet and five self-compassionate writing tasks. In the posttest, the self-compassion intervention group showed increased self-compassion (F = 4.33, p = .04, ηp2 = 0.07) and decreased somatic performance anxiety (F = 6.24, p = .02, ηp2 = 0.10) compared to the waiting list control group. We found no changes in cognitive performance anxiety. The results suggest that self-compassion could be considered as a possible intervention to reduce physical symptoms of performance anxiety.
Institutional Change in ASEAN: A Conceptual Analysis of the ASEAN Political-Security Community
Authors: Huang Kwei-Bo 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo figure out whether adaptation – specifically, Ernst B. Hass’ incremental growth model – is able to account for institutional changes of ASEAN in the shape of the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC).MethodsUse Ernst Hass' theoretical arguments and propositions to examine some of ASEAN's internal and external factors that have an impact on the discussion, planning, and implementation of the APSC. Three variables -- the types of knowledge used by ASEAN leaders in making choices, their political objectives, as well as the manner in which issues being negotiated -- are found in historical documents and academic analyses and then operationalized in a simpler way.ResultsThe selection of the incremental growth model is justified and the incremental growth model can serve as an innovative analytical framework for the institutional change in ASEAN.ConclusionsASEAN is in a dynamic context where increased expectations and pressure from within and outside are taking place all at once. The institutionalization of ASEAN security arrangements, originally led by the initiation of the ASC/APSC, means that ASEAN has started facing these expectations and pressure and moved on to enhance security cooperation to a certain degree. It is time for students of international relations to apply again the previous finding of adaptation through incremental growth and conduct further field investigations into the current evolution of the APSC.
Morphometry and Temperature of Simple Craters in Mercury’s Northern Hemisphere: Implications for Stability of Water Ice
Authors: Susorney Hannah C. M. , Ernst Carolyn M. , Chabot Nancy L. , Deutsch Ariel N. , Barnouin Olivier S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence support the hypothesis that Mercury’s polar regions host deposits of water ice in permanently shadowed regions, often within the interiors of craters. Pre-MErcury, Surface, Space, ENvironment, GEochemisty, and Ranging (MESSENGER) thermal modeling of the temperature of idealized simple craters found that the interiors of these craters were too hot to host near-surface ice on geologic timescales unless within 2° of the poles. However, results from the Arecibo Observatory and the MESSENGER mission identified many small, <10 km diameter, simple craters that host radar-bright deposits located considerably farther than 2° from the pole. Here we investigate the location and morphometry of north polar craters with diameters of 5–10 km and find that the craters were, on average, 30% shallower than the idealized simple crater morphometry assumed in previous thermal studies. The craters that host radar-bright deposits have an asymmetric longitudinal distribution that cannot be fully explained by the thermal environment and may be related to the original water ice deposition. We also investigate the maximum and average temperatures of the shadowed regions in these craters and find that many of them possess temperatures that allow water ice to be stable under a thermally insulating layer on geologic timescales outside of 2° from the pole. Thus, while the presence of radar-bright deposits in 5–10 km craters is not necessarily a constraint on the stability of the deposits, it provides additional information on the distribution and deposition of the water ice.
Revealing two centuries of confusion: new insights on nomenclature and systematic position of Argyrogena fasciolata (Shaw, 1802) (auctt.), with description of a new species from India (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae)
Authors: Deepak V. , Narayanan Surya , Mohapatra Pratyush P. , Dutta Sushil K. , Melvinselvan Gnanaselvan , Khan Ashaharraza , Mahlow Kristin , Tillack Frank 
Published: May 2021

Coluber fasciolatusShaw, 1802 (todayArgyrogena fasciolataauctt.) is the name used for a widespread terrestrial colubrid snake species inhabiting subtropical and tropical dry deciduous/thorn forests of South Asia from Pakistan to India, with unconfirmed records of distribution in Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar and a single doubtful record from the northern tip of Sri Lanka.During the past 200 years,A. fasciolata(common name Banded racer) has been placed in different genera, i.e.TyriaFitzinger, 1826,ZamenisWagler, 1830,CoryphodonDuméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854, andColuberLinnaeus, 1758 where it primarly remained until the mid 1960s and exceptionally until the year 2011. Three subsequently introduced names, viz.Coluber hebeDaudin, 1803,Coluber curvirostrisCantor, 1839, andArgyrogena rostrataWerner, 1924 were synonymized withC. fasciolatusshortly after its description.Based on a combination of characters including body pattern, external morphology and osteological differences Wilson (1967) reviewed the taxonfasciolatusShaw and considered it as generically distinguishable, removed it from the then heterogeneous and undefined collective genusColuberand assigned it to the resurrected genusArgyrogenaWerner, 1924.Shaw’s (1802) description ofC. fasciolatuswas based exclusively on the information of Russell’s “Nooni Paragoodoo” published in 1796 in his “Account of Indian Serpents, collected on the coast of Coromandel; […]”. Our analysis of the original data and the depicted type specimen in Russell (1796) revealed that the namefasciolatawas initially established for a species distinct from that currently known as the “Banded racer”, and that Russell’s data have been used simultaneously but unwittingly, for more than 150 years, as original source for two valid species from two different genera.Specimens of Banded racer found in the southeastern part of peninsular India are morphologically and genetically distinct from populations of the rest of the distribution area. These populations from central and southern Tamil Nadu state represent a different species, consequently described as a new species herein. Furthermore, examination of specimens of the Banded racer from different populations across its entire range, including the type specimen of the genusArgyrogena(A. rostrataWerner), reveals a similarity in morphology with the genusPlatycepsBlyth, 1860. This was further supported by molecular data which demonstrates that the genusArgyrogenais nested withinPlatyceps.
La pensée des séries télévisées : une lecture perfectionniste de Homeland et du Bureau des légendes
Authors: Blistène Pauline 
Published: May 2021

Partant de l’œuvre de Stanley Cavell, et de ses écrits, moins réputés, sur la télévision, cet article entend faire valoir l’importance des séries télévisées dites d’espionnage pour nos formes de vie démocratiques. Prenant appui sur deux productions récentes, l’une américaine (Homeland, Showtime, 2011-2019), l’autre française (Le Bureau des légendes, Canal+, 2015-en production), il s’agira de montrer comment ces séries permettent une éducation morale et politique d’un genre nouveau, au-delà du simple reflet des problématiques sécuritaires contemporaines. Le terme « éducation » doit ici s’entendre au sens perfectionniste : non comme l’inculcation de normes, ni comme l’explicitation des bonnes valeurs à suivre, mais comme permettant une transformation de l’individu et de la société par la création d’une culture partagée et partageable par tous. Bien plus que des divertissements, ces séries révèlent au public des questions généralement absentes de la conversation démocratique - le secret, la violence et la raison d’État - c’est-à-dire les principes illibéraux qui sous-tendent les régimes démocratiques. Par le visionnage, le commentaire et le partage de ces séries, elles permettent donc au téléspectateur-citoyen de se saisir d’une part cachée et non moins problématique du politique.
Les séries TV comme nouvelles théories critiques en contexte identitariste et ultraconservateur. American Crime, The Sinner, Sharp Objects, Unorthodox
Authors: Corcuff Philippe 
Published: May 2021

Une théorie critique à visée émancipatrice peut trouver un poumon de régénération aujourd’hui dans les cultures ordinaires, et en particulier dans les séries TV, en puisant notamment dans les travaux de Stanley Cavell sur le cinéma. Certaines séries peuvent ainsi participer à la réinvention de théories critiques, dans le sillage de l’École de Francfort mais en en déplaçant certaines formulations au contact des sociologies compréhensives et pragmatistes actuelles. Cela suppose de passer par un dialogue transfrontalier entre le « jeu de langage » des séries TV et le « jeu de connaissance » de la théorie politique, en empruntant des concepts inspirés de Ludwig Wittgenstein. Quatre séries sont traitées successivement : les saisons 1 d’American Crime (2015) et de The Sinner (2017), Sharp Objects (2018) et Unorthodox (2020). Les apports critiques de ces séries dessinent des affinités avec une philosophie politique de l’ouverture de l’être tirée d’Emmanuel Levinas. Cet article explore, sous l’angle du « jeu de langage » des séries TV, des thèmes traités au moyen des outils de la théorie politique dans le livre La grande confusion. Comment l’extrême droite gagne la bataille des idées (2021).
Dietary Consumption and Its Association with Dental Caries in Schoolchildren in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Huew Rasmia , Musrati Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Dental caries is a common public health problem among schoolchildren. Diet can affect oral health via many ways. Several researches have established that dietary factors are directly related to dental caries.

Aims:
To investigate the prevalence of dental caries in a group of schoolchildren in Benghazi, Libya, and its possible association with gender and diet.

Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study design was used among public schoolchildren in Benghazi, Libya. A random sample of 12-year-old school children within randomly selected schools underwent dental examination and completed a questionnaire to provide dietary data. This questionnaire was based on the one previously used in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2000). Dental caries was assessed using the World Health Organization criteria. Associations between caries and dietary variables under study were investigated through processes of bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:
About 62% had experience of dental caries. A higher experience of caries was observed among girls than boys (Fisher's exact test; P < 0.05). Consumption frequency of sugared drinks and foods was higher in girls (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Over two-thirds of the subjects had dental caries. The high level of dental caries is a cause for concern. Interestingly, more caries was noticed in girls than in boys. Apparently, sugared drinks, which were consumed more by girls, were the main source of total dietary sugared consumption. The consumption of sugared drinks was high, and efforts are required to reduce it.
Vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency and some of its related factors in a sample of Iraqi pregnant women and their neonates at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital during 2019
Authors: Al-Rubaye Waad Edan Louis , Al-Saeedy Bahjat Abdulridha Thabit , Al-Sattam Zahraa Muhammed Jameel 
Published: May 2021

Background: Vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency is common in different age groups in both genders especially among pregnant women and neonates where it is associated with several adverse outcomes including preeclampsia and preterm delivery.
Objectives: To assess the extent of vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency among mothers and their neonates and some factors related to it and identify some adverse outcomes of the deficiency/ insufficiency on neonates (preterm birth and low birth weight).
Subject and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 Iraqi pregnant women and neonates admitted to “Al-Elwiya teaching hospital for maternity” in Baghdad- Al-Rusafah from 1st of June 2019 to 31st of August 2019. Data about maternal age, mode of delivery, sex, weight, and gestational age were obtained. Vitamin D levels of mothers and their neonates were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: In a total of 88 mothers and neonates, 96.6% of mothers had Vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency compared to (86.4%) of neonates. There was a statistically significant difference between maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels. Neonatal Vitamin D levels were positively correlated with maternal vitamin D levels. Neonatal weight was positively correlated with maternal Vitamin D levels. The mean maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels were (12.16 ng/ml ± 7.06) and (20.25 ng/ml ± 10.97) respectively.
Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency/ insufficiency was prevalent among mothers and neonates; with a higher prevalence among mothers. Maternal Vitamin D levels and neonatal weights were associated with neonatal Vitamin D levels.
¿Por qué la mayoría de la investigación clínica no es útil?
Authors: Franco Juan Victor Ariel 
Published: May 2021

En este ensayo, el autor reflexiona sobre la relevancia de las investigaciones clínicas que se desarrollan con frecuencia en la actualidad. Destaca que a diferencia de la “investigación creativa, especulativa o basada en la curiosidad” (blue-sky research), que no puede ser juzgada directamente en base al impacto práctico, la investigación clínica debería ser útil: es decir, hacer una diferencia para la salud de los pacientes, o ser realizada con una perspectiva realista. Para ello realiza algunas propuestas de mejora, como ser; una correcta justificación y puesta en contexto del problema en estudio, procurar una adecuada ganancia de información, pragmatismo, estar centrada en los pacientes, ser viable, con una adecuada relación precio-calidad y transparente.
Muchos estudios, aún en la mayoría de las revistas médicas generales, no satisfacen ninguna de estas características, y muy pocos satisfacen la mayoría o todas ellas. Gran parte de la investigación falla en su utilidad no por sus hallazgos, sino por su diseño. Por otro lado, el autor sostiene que las fuerzas que guían la producción y diseminación de investigación clínica inútil son claramente identificables y modificables. Se necesita una reforma. Alterar nuestro abordaje podría producir fácilmente más investigación clínica útil y, al mismo tiempo, de menor costo.
Adaptación transcultural de un cuestionario para evaluar la autopercepción de la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia. Una experiencia con licenciadas en obstetricia
Authors: Ammatuna Gabriela Paola , Terrasa Sergio Adrian , Vazquez Peña Fernando Ramon 
Published: May 2021

Antecedentes. Dado que algunas intervenciones clínicas tienen un efecto contraproducente y hasta opuesto al deseado, es necesario contar con instrumentos para evaluar la actitud de los profesionales de la salud hacia la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia (PCBE).

Objetivos. Adaptar transculturalmente al español rioplatense y validar psicométricamente un cuestionario que permita investigar la percepción de licenciadas en obstetricia hacia la PCBE. Describir la percepción de una muestra de este colectivo profesional.

Métodos. Realizamos una adaptación transcultural del cuestionario EBPQ-19, un análisis de su validez de constructo a través de análisis factorial exploratorio y de su confiabilidad, mediante el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach, y evaluamos la percepción de las licenciadas en obstetricia hacia la PCBE a través de la administración del instrumento obtenido a 150 profesionales matriculadas en el Colegio de Obstétricas V del partido de Quilmes, Buenos Aires.

Resultados. Luego de adaptar lingüísticamente tres ítems para optimizar su desempeño en nuestra región, documentamos adecuadas propiedades psicométricas del EBPQ-19. Los ítems 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 (dominio 'prácticas') cargaron en un factor; los ítems 6, 7 y 8 (dominio 'actitud') presentaron cargas factoriales mayores a 0,79 en un mismo factor; y los ítems 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 y 15 (dominio 'habilidades y competencias') presentaron cargas mayores a 0,45 en un tercer factor. Los coeficientes Alpha de Cronbach de los tres factores y el general fueron mayores a 0,8. Más del 95% de las respuestas mostraron compromiso para con las pacientes respecto de buscar información para resolver dudas clínicas, pero 94 % de las encuestadas considera no tener habilidades y conocimientos para ejercer una PCBE.

Conclusiones. La versión adaptada del EBPQ-19 tiene buen desempeño y alentamos su utilización para la evaluación y el monitoreo de programas educativos que promuevan la PCBE.