bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the hub genes in gastric cancer through weighted gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Li Chunyang , Yu Haopeng , Sun Yajing , Zeng Xiaoxi , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2021

Background
Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal tumors and is characterized by poor prognosis and lack of effective diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to find hub genes serving as biomarkers in gastric cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Methods

GSE66229 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used as training set. Genes bearing the top 25% standard deviations among all the samples in training set were performed to systematic weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to find candidate genes. Then, hub genes were further screened by using the “least absolute shrinkage and selection operator” (LASSO) logistic regression. Finally, hub genes were validated in the GSE54129 dataset from GEO by supervised learning method artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm.

Results
Twelve modules with strong preservation were identified by using WGCNA methods in training set. Of which, five modules significantly related to gastric cancer were selected as clinically significant modules, and 713 candidate genes were identified from these five modules. Then, ADIPOQ, ARHGAP39, ATAD3A, C1orf95, CWH43, GRIK3, INHBA, RDH12, SCNN1G, SIGLEC11 and LYVE1 were screened as the hub genes. These hub genes successfully differentiated the tumor samples from the healthy tissues in an independent testing set through artificial neural network algorithm with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at 0.946.

Conclusions
These hub genes bearing diagnostic and therapeutic values, and our results may provide a novel prospect for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer in the future.
An exploration of the relationships of experiential avoidance (as measured by the aaq-ii and meaq) with negative affect, perceived stress, and avoidant coping styles
Authors: Allen M. Todd 
Published: March 2021

Background
Current psychotherapies seek to reduce experiential avoidance (EA) which has also been put forth as a risk factor for anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. EA is a potentially maladaptive self-regulatory tendency to avoid negative thoughts, feelings, memories, physical sensations, and other internal experiences. One unresolved issue with the most commonly used measures of EA, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) which measures EA as a single factor and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) which measures EA as six subdimensions, is what exactly is being measured. The AAQ-II appears to measure negative affect (NA), some aspects of avoidant coping, and psychological distress. In addition, the relationships of all the MEAQ subscales have not been thoroughly examined with these other constructs. In the current study, the relationships of AAQ-II and MEAQ scores with NA, avoidant coping styles, and perceived stress were examined.

Methods
Two-hundred undergraduates (154 females and 46 males) completed the AAQ-II and MEAQ, the Distressed Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) which includes a measure of NA, the Brief COPE which measures coping styles, and the Perceived Stress Scale.

Results
Scores on the AAQ-II had moderate positive relationships with the MEAQ total score and all MEAQ subscales with the exception of distress endurance which had a moderate negative relationship. The AAQ-II had a stronger relationship with NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress than did the MEAQ. All MEAQ subscales had a positive relationship to NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress with the exception of distress endurance which had a negative relationship with these constructs. While the AAQ-II is limited as a unitary measure of EA the multiple dimensions of the MEAQ may involve an extraneous factor of distress endurance. Future work should examine the relationships of the MEAQ with NA, avoidant coping and perceived stress with clinical populations.
COVID-19 as a Catalyst for Digital Lifelong Learning and Reskilling
Authors: Hamburg Ileana 
Published: March 2021

Due to COVID-19 and following social distancing many face-to-face business as well as educational activities have been replaced by digital ones. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) to achieve quality education for all and lifelong learning will stagnate. But the radical changes within education due COVID-19 also open the way for new forms of lifelong learning by using e-learning platforms - digital lifelong learning. This paper is based on literature review as well as work of the author within the Study Group Lifelong Learning and projects. It presents first critical skills required in the next years for reskilling and methods and pedagogies that should be included into education and training. Secondly the necessity and advantages of digital lifelong learning during and after COVID-19 pandemic and how Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) will be supported are shortly described. Thirdly how digital lifelong learning methods can be used in entrepreneurship education and some lifelong skills developed within projects worked by the author as well as used methods are discussed. Some conclusions and recommendations are given i.e., entreprene urship educators should be better trained and critical in their methods and educational agencies should foster digital frameworks for entrepreneurship education. Research studies are necessary to know how entrepreneurship educators have embedded digital lifelong learning into their lessons, including positive and negative experiences, and if exists a correlation between a country level of COVID-19, country economic situation, digitalization and digital lifelong learning/entrepreneurship education.
Design, Characterization and In-vitro Evaluation of Favipiravir Orodispersible Films
Authors: Yamali Kalyan Chakravarthy , Gudipati Madhu , Nadendla Rama Rao 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Orodispersible films (ODF) is a thin strip that is mostly transparent, biodegradable and it has hydrophilic polymers that disintegrate and dissolves immediately when getting in contact with saliva. Different disintegrants play a crucial role in film properties such as organoleptic properties, film thickness, and in particular disintegration time of the film. The main reason for the development of oral films is for their prominent role in increased patient compliance among pediatrics and geriatrics by disintegrating faster, releasing the drug rapidly, without the need for water, and mostly decreasing the risk of choking.
Aim: To formulate orodispersible films of favipiravir and to study the effect of different superdisintegrants on various film properties.
Methods: The method used to prepare the film is the solvent casting method. In this method, the solution is prepared using polymer, drug, and superdisintegrants. This solution is casted on a film-forming apparatus using a spreader an instrument to obtain a thin film.
Results: The prepared oral films weights ranging from 148mg to 237mg based on the superdisintegrant concentration. The pH of the prepared films didn’t vary significantly and percent moisture absorption doesn’t have significant variation. However, the texture varied from smooth to rough and transparent to translucent. Disintegration time is varying from 28 to 42 seconds. The optimum batch formulation gave 98% of drug release.
The Most Common Causes of Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases among Blood Donors in the Middle Eastern States
Authors: Hakami Nora Yahia 
Published: March 2021

The need for blood is essential, but there is no timely access to safe blood for millions of individuals who need a transfusion. Additionally, blood transfusions can also be the fastest and simplest form of checking for the existence of transfusion-transmitted diseases to the recipients. Blood safety concerns are an issue of great concern in Middle Eastern Countries in which the inaccessibility or provision of unsafe blood has an adverse effect on morbidity and mortality in the region. Additionally, many organizations and safety procedures of blood transfusion in this region need to be updated. Articles containing the key phrases Middle Eastern Countries, Blood, blood donor, blood transfusion, transfusion safety, transfusion-transmitted infections, and transfusion guidelines published from 2003 to 2020 in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Therefore, to determine the most prevalent causes of transfusion-transmitted disease among blood donors in the Middle East countries, this literature review was intended for research.
Based on the data gathered were potentially related to HBsAg and HCV prevalence in blood donors from most of the middle eastern countries. While no positive cases of either HIV Ag-Ab or syphilis antibodies have been recorded especially among the blood donated from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Based on recent studies findings, WHO, and the Food and Drug administration transfusion transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to recipients did not occur via blood transfusion. So that, In Middle Eastern countries, transfusion-transmitted infection remains a formidable problem. A similarly wide constellation of economic and operational challenges in the area parallels the diverse array of pathogens; this calls for a systemic solution that, as proposed by the WHO, involves regulatory, structural, and training initiatives.
Evaluation of Some Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Rats Induced by Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Enwa Felix Oghenemaro , Jemikalajah Johnson Daniel , Adjekuko Collins Ohwonigho , Ogbare Clever Blessing 
Published: March 2021

The effect and extent of changes in some biochemical parameters associated with pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in serum samples of Wistar rats. 0ne thousand five serum samples were collected randomly. The serum samples were tested for sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and chloride by colorimetric methods. The concentrations of sodium ranged from 133.6±4.615 to 143.8±6.906, potassium values ranged from 5.78±1.26 to 8.02±0.779, urea gave a range of 10.143±0.69 to 14.444±2.404, chloride values ranged from 94.8±2.683 to 104.142±8.49, while creatinine values ranged from 0.489±0.033 to 1.7±2.404. The results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus has a significant effect on the electrolyte balance causing hyperkalemia and hyponatremia when compared to normal blood value. It had a remarkable effect on creatinine level with only slight effect on urea. There is need to monitor the electrolyte levels in Staphylococcus aureus infection since alteration in the electrolyte levels could be harmful to health.
Physico-Chemical Characterization of Paliperidone Palmitate and Compatibility Studies with its Pharmaceutical Excipients
Authors: Nadendla Rama Rao , Pinnamaneni Prachet , Morla Siva Prasad , Abhinandana Patchala 
Published: March 2021

Aim: The main aim of the present study was to characterize and perform the compatibility studies of paliperidone with its excipients.
Study Design: Physico-chemical characterization and compatibility studies.
Place and Duration of the Study: Chalapathi Drug Testing Laboratory, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur-522034 between December 2020 and January 2021.
Methodology: Physico-chemical characterization and compatibility studies of paliperidone palmitate with its excipients like HPMC, lactose, magnesium stearate, talc, microcrystalline cellulose was done using the FTIR spectrophotometer, Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Differential scanning calorimeter.
Results: Interaction of the paliperidone palmitate with its excipients were studied by this technique. Paliperidone palmitate showed the transition at 117.920C with the specific heat of 101.9J/g. The IR spectrum of paliperidone palmitate and excipients mixture has shown a characteristic stronger band of the N-H at 3412.75cm-1, C-H at 2921.98 cm-1, stretching vibrations of C=O at 1737.47 cm-1, C=C at 1651.94 cm-1, N-O at 1541.16 cm-1 followed by C-F at 1160.46 cm-1. XRD showed good crystalline properties with relative crystallinity index of 60.01%. The photomicrographs obtained by SEM did not evidence any interaction between paliperidone palmitate and the excipients, providing visual support for the results.
Conclusion: There were no interactions of drug with selected excipients and found to be compatible. Therefore, it is a mandatory clause for the compound compatibility with various excipients in the formulation which affect the stability and efficacy of the formulation.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Alruwaili Jamal 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the connection between childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the level of Vitamin D in the blood.
Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken in 2018 on children in the age group of 4-13 years. Twenty two children diagnosed with ADHD were selected, along with a control group comprising twenty two healthy children showing no symptoms of ADHD or any other neurological disorder or liver or kidney disease or any endocrine problem. Anyone using Vitamin D supplements was excluded from the study. Venous blood samples were acquired from the subjects and serum Vitamin D level was measured.
Results: The mean average level of Vitamin D in the research subjects exhibiting ADHD (18.60±6.33 ng/ml) was found to be lower than the control group (34.34±8.19) (P-value < 0.0005).
Conclusions: This study has shed some light on the role played by Vitamin D in maintaining the antioxidant status of the brain. The study has shown that the Vitamin D is much lower in children diagnosed with ADHD. Vitamin D increases the expression of the enzyme, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT). This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of Glutathione, which is considered an important antioxidant in the brain.
Hydroxy‐ and non‐hydroxy‐galactolipids in developing rat CNS
Authors: De Haas Catharina G.M. , Lopes‐Cardozo Matthijs 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRat spinal cord (1–24 weeks postnatal) was analysed by HPLC for various species of galactolipids that accumulate in mammalian myelin during development. Cerebral tissue of the same animals was taken as reference. The levels of the major galactolipids, galactosylceramide (GalCer) and its sulfated analog (SGalCer), increased linearly during the first 2 months after birth. At 3 months, constant levels were reached that were approx. 4‐fold (GalCer) and 2.5‐fold (SGalCer) higher than in cerebral tissue of corresponding age. The accumulation of galactoglycerolipids slightly preceded that of galactosphingolipids. Levels of galacto‐glycerolipids were much lower (4% of galactospingolipids in 3‐ and 2.5% in 6‐month‐old spinal cord on weight basis) and decreased upon CNS maturation. During the first postnatal month, the ratio of non‐hydroxy‐ over hydroxy‐species (NFA/HFA) of cerebral GalCer declined from 2.2 to 0.5 whereas the NFA/HFA ratio for cerebral SGalCer increased from 1.0 to 1.8 in the same period. Through development the hydroxy‐species contributed 56–60% to GalCer and 28–41% to SGalCer in spinal cord, whereas in cerebrum of 24‐week‐old rats 73% of GalCer and 48% of SGalCer was α‐hydroxylated in the ceramide moiety. These data point to different developmental programs with respect to galactolipid metabolism of oligodendrocytes in high‐ (spinal cord) as compared to low‐myelinated (cerebral) areas of rat CNS.
The role of beta-carbolines (harman/norharman) in heroin addicts
Authors: Stohler R , Rommelspacher H , Ladewig D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryEndogenous substances resulting from interactions between alcohol and possibly opioid metabolites and neurotransmitters (dopamine, indolamines) could be mediators of the pathochemical process towards dependence. Beta-carbolines (harman/norharman) are increased in alcoholics and — according to the presented results — in heroin addicts. Psychopathological disorders such as anxiety or depression do not seem to influence the level of beta-carbolines.
Rehabilitation in the Nordic countries
Authors: Munk-Jørgensen P 
Published: July 2002

SummarySince the beginning of the 1980s the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden have gone through a process of decentralization. This process has taken place at a different pace and according to slightly varying decentralization models, but in all five of the countries the reduction in capacity of psychiatric hospitals has leveled out, whereas the establishing of decentralized treatment functions are not yet sufficiently developed. Furthermore, all five countries focus on rehabilitation of the most severe mentally ill. Examples of different models from the Nordic countries are mentioned.
The impact of life events in female patients with fibromyalgia and in female healthy controls
Authors: Anderberg U.M. , Marteinsdottir I. , Theorell T. , von Knorring L. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe aim was to investigate if female fibromyalgia patients (FMS) had experienced more negative life events than healthy women. Furthermore, the life events experienced in relation to onset of the FMS were evaluated. Another important area was to investigate the impact of the events experienced in the patients compared to healthy women.A new inventory was constructed to assess life events during childhood, adolescence and in adulthood as well as life events experienced in relation to the onset of the disorder. Forty female FMS patients and 38 healthy age-matched women participated in the study.During childhood or adolescence 51% of the patients had experienced very negative life events as compared to 28% of the controls. Conflict with parents was the most common life event. Before onset, 65% of the patients experienced some negative life event. Economic problems and conflicts with husband/partner were common. During the last year, 51% of the patients had life events which they experienced as very negative, compared to 24.5% of the controls (P < 0.01).Stressful life events in childhood/adolescence and in adulthood seem to be very common in FMS. Furthermore, the life events were experienced as more negative than the life events experienced by healthy controls.
Two types classification of male alcoholism confirmed
Authors: Modestin J , Würmle O 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn recent years a two types classification of male alcoholism has been proposed by several authors. The study aimed at a testing of type I/type II classification of alcoholism in an independent sample. A total of 351 Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) male alcoholics consecutively admitted for an inpatient psychiatric treatment were studied. Type II characteristics were extracted from the pertinent literature; 19 available variables best representing these characteristics were selected. The data was collected using the method of a retrospective evaluation of clinical records. Cluster analysis yielded two clusters which were well separated from each other. Heterogeneity of the male inpatient population of alcoholics was demonstrated and the existence of broadly defined type I and type II alcoholism was confirmed.
Can quality of life scales tell us when patients begin to feel the benefits of antidepressants?
Authors: McKenna SP , Whalley D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAssessments of early response to antidepressant therapy based on condition severity have been contradictory due to the poor measurement properties of the instruments employed and the inappropriateness of condition severity as a criterion of improvement. It is argued that a more valid approach would involve the assessment of improvements in quality of life (QoL) associated with effective therapy. QoL instruments should reflect the views of the patients themselves, the only group able to comment authoritatively on whether they feel benefit from treatment. Research shows that it is the perceptions of the patients that determine whether treatment is sought, how far clinical advice is followed and whether treatment is discontinued. It is argued that the Quality of Life in Depression Scale is the only instrument available that has the required conceptual basis and psychometric properties to investigate the onset of response to antidepressant therapy.
Equilibrium with divergence of opinion
Authors: Miller Edward M 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSince the less informed incorrectly estimate asset returns, they anticipate higher returns from their risky investments. They thus over‐invest in risky securities. They are rewarded by higher total portfolio returns. Too high a proportion of less‐informed investors lowers the return on risky assets. Equilibrium requires that the less informed's rate of return equal the informed's. The less informed control a stable equilibrium percentage of total wealth. Since an individual's recent investment experience correlates with his terminal wealth, learning need not reduce the less informed's risky asset exposure. Implications exist for the slope of the return versus systematic risk curve.
Trading volume and firm size: A test of the information spillover hypothesis
Authors: Weigand Robert A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study investigates information transfer across firms by using the trading volume of large‐and small‐stock portfolios as a proxy for the flow of information in financial markets. I find bi‐directional Granger‐causality between the trading volume of large and small firms. The results do not support previous studies that report evidence of one‐way information transfer using the returns and variances of different‐sized firms. My findings suggest several explanations. Either information arrival in financial markets has a different impact on trading volume than it does on returns and variances, or certain information shocks may affect different firms more rapidly, with these shocks eventually influencing the volume of trade of all firms.
Machine learning for material characterization with an application for predicting mechanical properties
Authors: Stoll Anke , Benner Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrently, the growth of material data from experiments and simulations is expanding beyond processable amounts. This makes the development of new data‐driven methods for the discovery of patterns among multiple lengthscales and time‐scales and structure‐property relationships essential. These data‐driven approaches show enormous promise within materials science. The following review covers machine learning (ML) applications for metallic material characterization. Many parameters associated with the processing and the structure of materials affect the properties and the performance of manufactured components. Thus, this study is an attempt to investigate the usefulness of ML methods for material property prediction. Material characteristics such as strength, toughness, hardness, brittleness, or ductility are relevant to categorize a material or component according to their quality. In industry, material tests like tensile tests, compression tests, or creep tests are often time consuming and expensive to perform. Therefore, the application of ML approaches is considered helpful for an easier generation of material property information. This study also gives an application of ML methods on small punch test (SPT) data for the determination of the property ultimate tensile strength for various materials. A strong correlation between SPT data and tensile test data was found which ultimately allows to replace more costly tests by simple and fast tests in combination with ML.