bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined CO2 and dye laser technique in the treatment of outcomes due to flap necrosis after surgery for basal cell carcinoma on the nose
Authors: Nisticò Steven Paul , Bennardo Luigi , Sannino Mario , Negosanti Francesca , Tamburi Federica , Del Duca Ester , Giudice Amerigo , Cannarozzo Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cutaneous cancer worldwide, and the nasal area is the most commonly affected region. Skin flaps are usually performed to achieve radical results, but various adverse events often occur. The necrosis of the skin flap is one of the most frequently observed, resulting in scars and anti‐aesthetic outcomes. Ablative and non‐ablative lasers have been proposed to improve scars resulting from surgical failure and skin flap necrosis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis study aims to evaluate a new laser protocol combining ablative CO2‐laser with flashlamp pulsed dye laser for the treatment of nasal scars resulting from the necrosis of flap that occurred after surgery. Twelve patients were enrolled in the study, and a total of five laser sessions were planned, spaced from 14 days to 1 month apart.ResultsSeven out of 12 patients underwent all the five laser sessions planned, while 5/12 patients achieved optimal cosmetic results within the fourth session. Eighty percent of the patients reported good/optimal cosmetic results, and no significant side effects were observed during the study.ConclusionCombining fractionated CO2 laser with flashlamp pulsed dye laser represents a new effective modality for treating skin flap necrosis after BBC removal, representing a valid alternative to other surgical procedures.
Preparation of Bio‐Based Polybenzoxazine/Pyrogallol/Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocomposites: Low Dielectric Constant and Low Curing Temperature
Authors: Zhao Yudi , Yuan Manlin , Wang Litong , Lu Xin , Xin Zhong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, a bio‐based benzoxazine monomer (C‐s) is synthesized from cardanol, stearylamine, and paraformaldehyde through solvent‐free method. Pyrogallol is used as a curing catalyst for the ring‐opening polymerization of benzoxazine. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) results reveal that doping with pyrogallol reduces the exothermic peak temperature (Tp) of C‐s from 256 to 174 °C. The polybenzoxazine/pyrogallol/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PC‐s/py/POSS) nanocomposites are prepared via thermal curing. The doping of aminopropyl isobutyl POSS (POSS‐NH2) can reduce the dielectric constant of polybenzoxazine. The dielectric constant of PC‐s/py/POSS is 2.64 at 1 MHz when the doping amount of POSS‐NH2 is 10 wt%. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and water absorption test indicate that the PC‐s/py/POSS nanocomposites possess good thermal stability and water resistance. In summary, the PC‐s/py/POSS nanocomposites with low curing temperature and low dielectric constant are expected to be applied to the low dielectric materials for microelectronic applications.
A compact circular polarized patch fractal antenna for global navigation satellite systems
Authors: Wang Encheng , Liu Mengxin , Lin Daming , Wang Jie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA circular polarized square fractal patch antenna with square slot and via is proposed, which can be applied to global navigation satellite systems. Two pairs of square ring slot with different sizes are placed diagonally for antenna circularly polarized radiation. By changing the square patch into a fractal structure and adding defective ground structure, miniaturization can be achieved while the bandwidth is further expanded. The total antenna size is 0.3λo × 0.3λo × 0.03λo (λo is the free‐space wavelength at 1.575 GHz). The final measurement results show that the maximum gain is 3.26 dBic, the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 1.57–1.6 GHz and the impedance bandwidth (S11 < −10 dB) is more than 60 MHz at the resonant frequency of 1.575 GHz.
Evaluation of Walleye Minimum Length Limits with Changing Water Regimes in the Great Plains
Authors: Blackwell Brian G. , Kaufman Todd M. , Ermer Mark J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Above-normal precipitation in the 1990s resulted in new waters and Walleye Sander vitreus fisheries across northeastern South Dakota. Concerns with overharvest led to the implementation of a Walleye minimum length limit (MLL) on many new fisheries, but over time most of the MLLs were removed. We were interested in knowing why the MLLs failed. We compared Walleye gill-net data and angler creel data under rising and declining water regimes and between periods with and without an MLL regulation in two new waters (Bitter Lake and Waubay Lake). We also assessed Walleye annual recruitment and growth patterns and examined if water regimes, MLLs, or Walleye recruitment were potential drivers of Walleye relative abundance, growth, and size structure. Few differences were found across water regimes and between periods with and without an MLL. At Bitter Lake, significant differences were identified across water regimes for the number of age-3 Walleyes per gill net, Walleye proportional size distribution of preferred length (PSD-P), angling pressure, and angler catch rates of Walleyes. Walleye relative weight and PSD-P significantly differed between water regimes at Waubay Lake. Mean length at capture for age-3 Walleyes and proportional size distribution were significantly different between periods having an MLL and no MLL at Bitter Lake. At Waubay Lake, Walleye gill-net CPUE (number/gill net) and PSD-P significantly differed between periods with and without an MLL. Water regimes, MLL, and Walleye recruitment were not identified as strong drivers of Walleye population characteristics. Recruitment was variable in each lake (Bitter Lake age-3 CPUE CV = 148%, Waubay Lake age-3 CPUE CV = 166%), with occasional strong cohorts recruiting. We believe recruitment dynamics influenced Walleye abundance and growth, which led to the removal of MLLs from each lake. Knowledge concerning Walleye population recruitment dynamics and growth is important when implementing MLLs and evaluating their effectiveness.
Quasi‐static fracture analysis by coupled three‐dimensional peridynamics and high order one‐dimensional finite elements based on local elasticity
Authors: Pagani Alfonso , Enea Marco , Carrera Erasmo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work investigates quasi‐static crack propagation in specimens made of brittle materials by combining local and non‐local elasticity models. The portion of the domain where the failure initiates and then propagates is modeled via three‐dimensional bond‐based peridynamics (PD). On the other hand, the remaining regions of the structure are analyzed with high order one‐dimensional finite elements based on the Carrera unified formulation (CUF). The coupling between the two zones is realized by using Lagrange multipliers. Static solutions of different fracture problems are provided by a sequential linear analysis. The proposed approach is demonstrated to combine the advantages of the CUF‐based classical continuum mechanics models and PD by providing, in an efficient manner, both the failure load and the shape of the crack pattern, even for three‐dimensional problems.
Assessment of the sediment and associated nutrient/contaminant continuum, from permafrost thaw slump scars to tundra lakes in the western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Droppo Ian G. , di Cenzo Peter , McFadyen Renee , Reid Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWithin the Canadian Arctic, vast areas of previously frozen sediments and carbon are being released into aquatic ecosystems via the occurrence of permafrost thaw and retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs). While knowledge of mass wasting RTS processes are more advanced, the significance of exposed retrogressive thaw slump scars (RTSSs) at various phases of stabilization to yield additional large quantities of ecologically relevant sediment to lakes and rivers is not well constrained. Using laboratory simulation (linked rainfall and lake flow dynamics), RTS sediments were investigated to assess the sediment continuum from the terrestrial RTSSs to depositional zones within two Arctic tundra lakes. Using an estimate of 30% of the RTSS areas contributing sediment under hypothetical 20‐ and 100‐year rainfall events, up to 598 and 997 kg hr−1 of RTSS sediment washoff was projected respectively. Eroded particle size, regardless of lake or initial bulk RTSS size distribution, was dominated by individual clay particles (<5 μm) that were winnowed from the RTSS surface sediment. Given this is the most biogeochemical relevant fraction, it has the potential for significant ecological impact on the lakes. This deposited fine sediment was found to be very unstable with a critical shear stress for erosion close to that of the critical shear for deposition (0.05 Pa). As such, wave energy is expected to have an impact on remobilization of fine sediments and associated compounds with concomitant implications for lake‐ecosystem health.
Iron Oxychloride/Bovine Serum Albumin Nanosheets as Chemodynamic Therapy Agents
Authors: Mohammadpour Zahra , Hashemi Zahra Sadat , Malekian Jebeli Fatemeh , Ghasemzadeh Sahel , Askari Esfandyar , Akbary‐Yekta Mandana , Sarrami‐Forooshani Ramin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIron oxychloride (FeOCl) is known for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through Fenton chemistry. The activity of FeOCl is preserved in the slightly acidic pH value of the tumor microenvironment (pH 6.5−6.9). Such property can be advantageous in biobased systems, where ROS generation can be modulated in slightly acidic conditions, which is characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment. In the present study, BSA‐stabilized FeOCl nanosheets (NSs) are synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, dynamic light scattering, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The morphology of the nanoparticles is flake‐like, and their hydrodynamic diameter is around 200 nm. MTT, apoptosis assay, and trypan blue staining evaluate the toxicity of FeOCl NSs toward the 4T1 cell line. It is found that the toxicity of the NSs is higher in physiological conditions of solid tumors (pH 6.5, H2O2 100 × 10−6 m) than in the conditions of healthy organs (pH 7.4). Specifically, cancer cells are in their late apoptotic stage by more than eight times higher at pH 6.5 than pH 7.4. The toxicity results are in agreement with the in vitro catalytic assay of the NSs. Therefore, the FeOCl NSs can be the building blocks for constructing chemodynamic therapy agents.
Moving toward carbon neutrality: Assessing natural gas import security and its impact on CO2 emissions
Authors: Dong Kangyin , Han Yalin , Dou Yue , Shahbaz Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural gas import security has been a hot issue, and its environmental effects remain unsettled. In the context of carbon neutrality, this study aims to investigate the nexus between natural gas import security and CO2 emissions. For this purpose, we propose an effective composite index to measure the natural gas import security levels of 30 countries over the period 2004–2019. Then we construct a dynamic panel data model to estimate the impact of natural gas import security on CO2 emissions. To ensure effective and robust estimations, the SYS‐GMM and D‐GMM methods are simultaneously employed. We further conduct a mediating effect and heterogeneity analysis on the nexus between natural gas import security and CO2 emissions. The estimation results indicate that an increase in natural gas import security can indeed reduce global CO2 emissions. Furthermore, natural gas import security can reduce CO2 emissions by adjusting the energy consumption structure. Moreover, the mitigation effect of natural gas import security on CO2 is dominated by the substitution effect of natural gas for other fossil fuels. In addition, heterogeneity exists in the nexus between natural gas import security and CO2. The findings provide new insights for reducing carbon emissions and improving gas security.
Investigation of FOX‐7 Polymorphs: new polymorphs – ϵ and ζ
Authors: Kushtaev Alexander A. , Yudin Nikolay V. , Kondakova Natalia N. , Ilicheva Natalia N. , Vu Tuan Q. , Zbarskiy Vitold L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymorphism of 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethene (FOX‐7, DADNE) has investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), IR‐spectroscopy. Two previously unknown polymorph modifications of FOX‐7 ‐ ϵ and ζ were discovered. ϵ‐FOX‐7 has prepared by hydrolysis of 2‐(dinitromethylene)‐5,5‐dinitropyrimidine‐4,6(1H,3H,5H)‐dione in a media with pH up 7–8 to Ho≈−3 and 2‐(dinitromethylene)imidazolidine‐4,5‐dione in aqueous ammonia. ϵ‐FOX‐7 is a stable and exists in temperature range 273–378 K. ζ‐polymorph of FOX‐7 can be obtained at ϵ‐FOX‐7 heating to 378–380 K. ζ→ϵ polymorph transition is a reversible and occurs at 361.7±3.1 K. At 433–453 K ζ‐FOX‐7 transforms to γ‐polymorph. ζ→γ phase transition temperature range was determined using IR‐spectroscopy because it is invisible on DSC curves. IR‐spectra of ϵ and ζ polymorphs are significantly distinct from α‐, β‐ and γ‐FOX‐7. ϵ‐FOX‐7, in contrast to monoclinic α‐polymorph, has orthorhombic type of crystal system (space group P212121). Based on received data, new scheme of FOX‐7 polymorph transition is proposed.
Preparation and Characterization of Bi2Fe4O9/Ag3PO4 Composite Photocatalyst for Degradation of EE2
Authors: Ma Min , Wu Shenglan , Liu Jie , Chen Yu , Jiang Xiaomei , Pi Xiaolin , Li Huiying , Li Xiaomei , Jiang Fengzhi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBi2Fe4O9/Ag3PO4 (BFO/APO) composites as a kind of new material were successfully prepared through the hydrothermal‐precipitation method and employed for degrading 17α‐ethynyl estradiol (EE2). Upon illumination, the total removal efficiency of EE2 reached 98.68 % and the reaction rate constant K value of 1 : 6 BFO/APO (0.05111 min−1) was respectively 7, 5 and 55 times that of BFO (0.01074 min−1), APO (0.007260 min−1) and conventional photocatalysis (9.38×10−4 min−1). The combination with BFO also effectively prevented the occurrence of APO photo corrosion reactions. According to the capture experiments, .O2−, holes and .OH are considered major or minor important respectively to the photocatalytic reaction. This work provides a new insight in construct the direct Z‐scheme photocatalyst for EE2 degradation.
Reaction of Hetareno[e]pyrrole‐2,3‐diones with Thiols: An Approach to Two Distinct 5‐Thio‐Substituted Pyrrole‐2‐one Derivatives
Authors: Lukmanova Dzhamilia N. , Pchelintseva Daria I. , Dmitriev Maksim V. , Balandina Svetlana Y. , Mashevskaya Irina V. , Chaudhary Sandeep 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, 3‐hydroxy‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones have become an object of close scrutiny in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological activity. In the present paper, we describe a substrate‐switchable reaction of hetareno[e]pyrrole‐2,3‐diones with aromatic and aliphatic thiols that afforded two series of novel 5‐thio‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones. The reaction of pyrroloquinaxolinetriones with thiols led to the formation of adducts. The initially formed adducts of pyrrolobenzoxazinetriones with thiols were subjected to hydrolysis with the oxazine ring opening and decarboxylation. Based on the latter reaction, a synthetic approach to pharmaceutically interesting monocyclic non‐fused 3‐hydroxy‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones bearing conformationally free thio‐substituents at C‐5 was proposed for the first time. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity. Some of them were found to exhibit moderate activity against S. aureus and C. albicans. Thus, the results of current study confirm that the search for new biologically active compounds among 5‐thio‐substituted 3‐hydroxy‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐ones is promising.
Fluorophore Tagged Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Protein Binding, DNA Cleavage and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Shaikh Sabiha A. , Bhat Satish S. , Revankar Vidyanand K. , Kulkarni Badarinath D. , Kumara Karthik , Lokanath N. K. , Kumbar Vijay , Bhat Kishore , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo fluorophore tagged copper(II) complexes [Cu(phen)(L)(ClO4)2] (1) and [Cu(bpy)(L)(H2O)(ClO4)](ClO4) (2), (where L=2‐amino‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3‐(2H)dione (L), phen=1,10‐phenanthroline and bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Structures of the copper complexes 1 and 2 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination. The coordination geometry around the copper center of complexes 1 and 2 is distorted octahedral. The plasmid DNA cleavage activity of the complexes has been investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis and the study reveals that both the complexes have high plasmid DNA photo‐cleavage activity. The binding interaction ability of the metal complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the complexes has been evaluated by MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against A549 (adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells) and MCF‐7 (breast cancer cell line) cell lines in comparison with cis‐platin. Complexes 1 and 2 have exhibited better cytotoxic activity than cis‐platin against A549 and MCF‐7 cell lines. The cellular uptake study and localization of the complexes within the cells have been investigated by fluorescence microscopy. The cell staining and flow cytometry experiments suggest that complexes induce an apoptotic mode of cell death.
Electrochemistry of Zinc Electrodes in Acetone‐Zinc Halide Electrolytes
Authors: Sun Yu , Xie Minghao , Kong Shuting , Wang Jie , Dong Dongqi , Xuan Cuijuan , Gong Liangyu , Ma Chuanli , Su Linghao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effects on the electrochemistry of zinc electrode in acetone‐zinc halide electrolyte are discussed. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic tests show that the reversibility of zinc deposition and dissolution in ZnCl2 is superior to ZnBr2 electrolyte. In ZnCl2 acetone electrolyte, 1 M is the optimal concentration in which Zn−Zn symmetric battery reveals reversible charge/discharge cycles for 960 hours. Powder XRD detects a by‐product Zn5(OH)8Cl2⋅H2O created on zinc surface during long‐term charge/discharge process, indicating a certain degree of interaction between zinc electrode and acetone solvent.
An Overview on Synthesis and Biological Activity of Chalcone Derived Pyrazolines
Authors: Tiwari Aditi , Bendi Anjaneyulu , Bhathiwal Anirudh Singh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChalcones are α, β unsaturated aromatic ketones having enone moiety and exhibit a wide array of pharmaceutical and biological activities. Chalcones possess a wide range of biological activities such as anticancer, antituberculosis, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimalarial. Nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compounds are an extremely important class of organic compounds with a broad spectrum of pharmaceutical activities. Pyrazolines are N‐ heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmaceutical activities and are synthesized from chalcone with enhanced biological activity. The present study summarizes the chemistry of various chalcone‐based pyrazolines and their derivatives with the available data till 2021.
Synthesis of ω‐Amino‐Functionalized Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Surfactants
Authors: Ortega Kenneth J. , Lucas Nigel T. , Bagshaw Stephen A. , Hayman Alan R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA versatile four‐step synthetic route towards a series of new ω‐amino‐functionalized alkyl quaternary ammonium bolaform surfactants was developed. The key step in the synthesis is the ring opening of a macrocyclic lactone to form long‐chain ω‐hydroxy amide precursors. The asymmetric bolaform surfactants are structurally analogous to the ω‐hydroxy quaternary ammonium surfactants that have been previously shown to form small micelles and have been exploited as soft templates in the preparation of super‐microporous materials.
Synthesis of N‐arylsulfonamides via Chan‐Lam Coupling Between Aryl Boronic Acids and N‐[(sulfonyl)imino]phenyliodinanes
Authors: Merchan‐Arenas Diego R. , Rivero‐Jerez Paula S. , Pérez Edwin G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe synthesized a library of 32 sulfonamides via CuBr2 catalyzed Chan‐Lam C−N coupling, reaching excellent yields (until 81 %) under ligand‐base‐free, mild conditions, and short reaction times. A new non‐toxic, versatile and easy to prepare starting materials, N‐[(Sulfonyl)imino]phenyliodinanes were first time proposed as the nitrogen source in this synthetic tool. Finally, the sulfonamides were used as valuable building blocks in the synthesis of mono‐alkyl anilines through their alkylation and Fukuyama deprotection steps.
Anthracene‐Containing Gold(I) Triphenylphosphine Acetylide: Synthesis and (Spectro)electrochemical Properties
Authors: Kovalski Eduard , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Hildebrandt Alexander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of a σ‐alkynyl gold(I) complex bearing a anthryl π‐system and a triarylamine functionality has been carried out by a ligand exchange reaction of the acetylene with [Au(PPh3)Cl]. Electrochemical oxidation of the triarylamine functionality of the gold complex led to the formation of 10,10′‐(buta‐1,3‐diyne‐1,4‐diyl)bis(9‐di(p‐tolyl)amino‐anthracene) from two molecules of the gold acetylide. The formed butadiyne displays two triarylamine based redox processes in close proximity and an irreversible oxidation event originating from the anthracene bridge. Spectro‐electrochemical studies revealed several intense amine/anthracene‐based charge transfer excitations in the oxidized states and confirm the generation of the butadiyne.
Self‐Assembly of Upconversion Nanoparticles Based Materials and Their Emerging Applications
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chen Yongming , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the past few decades, significant progress of the conventional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) based nanoplatform has been achieved in many fields, and with the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, more and more complex situations need a UCNPs based nanoplatform having multifunctions for specific multimodal or multiplexed applications. Through self‐assembly, different UCNPs or UCNPs with other materials could be combined together within an entity. It is more like an ideal UCNPs nanoplatform, a unique system with the properties defined by its individual components as well as by the morphology of the composite. Various designs can show their different desired properties depending on the application situation. This review provides a complete summary on the optimization of the synthesis method for the recently designed UCNPs assemblies and summarizes various applications, including dual‐modality cell imaging, molecular delivery, detection, and programmed control therapy. The challenges and limitations the UCNPs assembly faces and the potential solutions in this field are also presented.