bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term Effects of Neurodynamic Techniques for Treating Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo Sergio , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Torres-Costoso Ana , Reina-Gutiérrez Sara , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: November 2021

Objectives We aimed (1) to estimate the short-term effect (postintervention period) of neurodynamic techniques on pain, symptom severity, functional status, electrophysiological status, grip strength, and pinch strength in people with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS); and (2) to estimate the effect of neurodynamic techniques compared to other physical therapy modalities and surgical interventions. Design Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. Literature Search We searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Scopus databases from their inception to September 2020. Study Selection Criteria We included randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of neurodynamic techniques on pain, symptom severity, function, distal motor latency, grip strength, and pinch strength in people with CTS. Data Synthesis Using the DerSimonian-Laird method, we estimated pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to judge the certainty of the evidence of each pairwise comparison. Results There were 22 trials included (n = 1203 people with CTS; mean age, 26.0 to 57.9 years; mean symptom duration, 4.1 to 62.8 months). There was very low–certainty evidence of neurodynamic techniques improving pain (SMD, −0.54; 95% CI: −0.95, −0.13) and function (SMD, −0.35; 95% CI: −0.61, −0.09). There was no significant effect on symptom severity (very low certainty), distal motor latency (very low certainty), and grip and pinch strength (low certainty). Conclusion Neurodynamic techniques were effective for improving pain and function in people with CTS, albeit with very low–certainty evidence. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(12):566–580. Epub 16 Nov 2021.doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.10533
Walking, Cycling, and Swimming for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Pocovi Natasha C. , de Campos Tarcisio F. , Christine Lin Chung-Wei , Merom Dafna , Tiedemann Anne , Hancock Mark J. 
Published: November 2021

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of walking/running, cycling, or swimming for treating or preventing nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Design Intervention systematic review. Literature Search Five databases were searched to April 2021. Study Selection Criteria Randomized controlled trials evaluating walking/running, cycling, or swimming to treat or prevent LBP were included. Data Synthesis We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Certainty of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results No trials assessed LBP prevention or addressed acute LBP. Nineteen trials (2362 participants) assessed treatment of chronic/recurrent LBP. Low-certainty evidence suggests that walking/running was less effective than alternate interventions in reducing pain in the short term (8 trials; SMD, 0.81; 95% CI: 0.28, 1.34) and medium term (5 trials; SMD, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.49). High-certainty evidence suggests that walking/running was less effective than alternate interventions at reducing disability in the short term (8 trials; SMD, 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.38) and medium term (4 trials; SMD, 0.28; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.51). There was high-certainty evidence of a small effect in favor of walking/running compared to minimal/no intervention for reducing pain in the short term (10 trials; SMD, −0.23; 95% CI: −0.35, −0.10) and medium term (6 trials; SMD, −0.26; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.13) and disability in the short term (7 trials; SMD, −0.19; 95% CI: −0.33, −0.06). Scarcity of trials meant few conclusions could be drawn regarding cycling and swimming. Conclusion Although less effective than alternate interventions, walking/running was slightly more effective than minimal/no intervention for treating chronic/recurrent LBP. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(2):85–99. Epub 16 Nov 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10612
Exercise Descriptors That Determine Muscle Strength Gains Are Missing From Reported Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Programs: A Scoping Review of 117 Exercises in 41 Studies
Authors: Vlok Arnold , van Dyk Nicol , Coetzee Derik , Grindem Hege 
Published: November 2021

Objective To (1) describe which strength training exercise descriptors are reported in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) rehabilitation research, and (2) compare the current standards of reporting ACLR strength training exercise descriptors to international best-practice strength training guidelines. Design Scoping review. Literature Search We searched the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search, ERIC, Health Source: Nursing, Health Source: Consumer, MasterFILE, and Africa-Wide Information databases. Study Selection Criteria We included level I to IV studies of ACLR rehabilitation programs with 1 or more reported strength training exercise descriptors. We used a predefined list of 19 exercise descriptors, based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) exercise recommendations, the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), and the Toigo and Boutellier exercise descriptor framework. Data Synthesis Completeness and the standard of reporting exercise descriptors in ACLR rehabilitation programs were assessed by means of international best-practice strength training standards. Results We extracted data on 117 exercises from 41 studies. A median of 7 of the 19 possible exercise descriptors were reported (range, 3–16). Reporting of specific exercise descriptors varied across studies, from 95% (name of the strength training exercise) to 5% (exercise aim, exercise order). On average, 46%, 35%, and 43% of the exercise descriptors included in the ACSM, CERT, and Toigo and Boutellier guidelines were reported, respectively. Conclusion Key exercise descriptors for muscle strength gains are not reported in studies on ACLR rehabilitation. Only the exercise name, number of exercises, frequency, and experimental period were reported in most of the studies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(2):100–112. Epub 16 Nov 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10651
Establish Crowdsourcing as an Organisational Business Process: A Design Science Approach
Authors:   , Nguyen Thuan 
Published: November 2021

<p>Crowdsourcing can be an efficient organisational strategy to harness innovation and agility by distributing work to Internet users. As crowdsourcing is different from other business strategies, organisations are often unsure about how to structure crowdsourcing as a business process. We identify two challenges: first, crowdsourcing has been perceived as a one-off endeavour and a comprehensive repeatable crowdsourcing process has not been defined yet. Second, while organisations need a solid knowledge base in order to integrate crowdsourcing with their business processes, the domain knowledge remains unstructured, scattered, and sometimes conflicting. Together, these challenges indicate that crowdsourcing needs to evolve from an immature form towards a more repeatable business process. The research adopts the design science paradigm and follows four research stages. We first synthesise existing knowledge in the domain, which identifies twelve repeatable building blocks of crowdsourcing processes. Second, we define a model of business process crowdsourcing (BPC). The model has seven processes organised in three stages: decision to crowdsource, process design, and technical configuration. The model was empirically evaluated using two existing crowdsourcing projects. The results suggest the usefulness of the model for structuring crowdsourcing processes. Third, we turn the BPC model into a heavyweight ontology that consolidates the domain knowledge. The ontology captures the following domain concepts: business processes, activities, data entities, data attributes, and their hierarchical relationships. It also captures decision-making relationships. We evaluated the ontology by triangulation. The findings are that the ontology provides a high coverage and clarity of the domain. Finally, based on the ontology, a decision tool is developed. The tool provides advice to make informed decisions about BPC establishment. Using experiments and focus groups to evaluate the tool, the quantitative and qualitative results confirm its utility and show that the tool improves decision-making performance. The dissertation contributes to the body of knowledge in several ways. It promotes and conceptualises crowdsourcing as an organisational business process. It offers a process model, ontology, and decision tool for BPC. It also provides empirical results about the use of the decision tool. By doing so, we hope that the dissertation will motivate organisations to further assimilate crowdsourcing.</p>
Facilitating Policy: Redeﬁning Terraced Housing in Malaysia
Authors:   , Bala Kumar Suraj Khumar 
Published: November 2021

<p>The multi-ethnic tension among the three main ethnics in Malaysia has a great impact on tolerance and political unity. The Bumiputera Policy gives privileges to the Malay ethnicity, which further strains this issue, dividing the nation. Recognising this, the government introduced the 1Malaysia Policy as a possible solution to mitigate this issue to promote equality and attaining unity in diversity. This ultimate purpose is to integrate Malaysians to cooperate in a mutually respectful manner, towards the development of Malaysia. The inevitable consequences of short sighted government policy, development and westernisation in Malaysia have negatively aﬀected the cultural uniqueness of the three main ethnic communities. In domestic architecture, terraced houses have been a direct translation of western terraced housing. The inﬂuences from the West have diverted Malaysia’s sense of Asian culture. The objective of this study is to support the aims of this current 1Malaysia Policy, by ﬁnding a solution to terraced housing, through the design of the 1Malaysia Home. This thesis looks at an adaptable home for multi-cultural families to live and practise their unique cultures in a multi-ethnic community. The implementation of this design, is through research on case studies of the respective traditional houses of Malaysia’s three main ethnic groups. The main design consideration of this ﬂexible home is through a negotiated spatial organisation, in regards to the aims of the theories that informed the traditional houses. This study further explores the cluster design of terraced housing in a multi-ethnic neighbourhood community. The traditional programmes of shop house and other multi-cultural activities in Malaysia are reinstated for a common sense of belonging in the neighbourhood, which ultimately preserves Malaysia’s unique Asian culture and supports its international branding as ‘Malaysia Truly Asia’.</p>
Throwing Away the Key: An Examination of the Renaissance of Preventive Detention in New Zealand
Authors:   , Anderson Jordan 
Published: November 2021

<p>The indeterminate sentence of preventive detention has experienced a renaissance in New Zealand since the 1980s. What was once a seldom used, emergency provision intended for application to the most dangerous offenders in our society, is now used with alarming frequency: while fifteen offenders served sentences of preventive detention in 1981, the number had risen to 263 by 2014. This thesis seeks to explore the forces driving the renaissance of preventive detention in New Zealand. Throughout advanced liberal democracies, there has been a shift toward risk driven penal policy. Significant social, political, and economic changes in these societies from the 1980s onwards - such as the neoliberal reforms, and the associated uncaging of risk; social liberation and restructuring; and the cultivation of lifestyles; have contributed to, and exacerbated ontological insecurity and anxiety. The delegation of risk by the state to the individual has produced the variety of benefits and opportunities it was intended for, however it has also left people feeling insecure about their safety and wellbeing within the modern society, knowing that the shrunken state is unwilling, or unable to intervene and protect them. The expansion of preventive detention is an example of the state stepping in and performing a ‘spectacular rescue’ (Pratt and Anderson, 2016: 12). The revival and expansion of preventive detention has been part of the response of the New Zealand government to the intolerable risk of irreparable and irredeemable harm, posed by violent and sexual offenders in particular. The significant increase in the use of preventive detention is representative of a wider trend of risk driven penal policy throughout the main English speaking societies. While the parallel strand of punitive penal policy has been explored in great depth, the trend toward risk driven penal policy has elicited less focus. Within the literature, there is a lack of identification of risk driven penal policy as a separate strand of development, subject to a separate line of inquiry. This thesis seeks to add to the literature on the influence of risk, exploring it as the driving force behind the revival of preventive detention.</p>
Wander of life: An agora to facilitate elderly's autonomous and connected life in Johnsonville
Authors:   , Kong Yuqi 
Published: November 2021

<p>New Zealand is experiencing a demographic transitional period when there is increasing percentage of the elder population out of the total. Researches and scholars overseas have investigated in architecture’s role of improving environments for the elderly, primarily from the perspective of disability. However, these considerations which solely come from the physicality point of view and can be easily treated just as after thoughts, sometimes still leaving the elderly in dilemmas. As an attempt to response to such an issue, this thesis asks if accessible architecture can enable the elderly to be included in public space as community members rather than an isolated group. It aims to explore possibilities of creating accessible public space for elderly, which is also thoughtful towards other community members’ interactions. These explorations are set on the intersection of environmental gerontology* and phenomenology, focus on making space accessibly to the elderly physically, sensorially and psychologically. To re-introduce the elderly as community members who are as significant as others, the diversity and complexity of their conditions and needs should be considered, which requires the design explorations to be site-specific to avoid over-generalization. To contextualise the question, Johnsonville is chosen as the site for study, thus, the character of local elderly can be considered for appropriate design iterations. To extend current design discourse about the role of architecture in the context of environmental gerontology, the theory of phenomenology and relevant case studies will be investigated. To highlight implications and limitations for elderly-accessible public space design, reflection will be made regarding the design explorations against the broader discursive arguments. One of the primary implications of this design-led thesis is for the discourse on elderly-friendly environments. The other implication is an advocacy for designing public space for a wider public interaction. It means taking everyone in the community into equal consideration and creating public space that is equal for every user.</p>
Examining the Effects of Message Framing and Social Norms on Judgments of Earthquake Legislation
Authors:   , Vinnell Lauren 
Published: November 2021

<p>To increase earthquake preparation, it is beneficial to understand the effects of different types of information used in risk communications. This thesis adapts methods that have been used with other hazards or in hypothetical situations and applies them to increasing support for current earthquake-strengthening legislation in Wellington, New Zealand (NZ). Study 1 examined valence and numerical format framing. Expressing the number of buildings affected by the legislation as a negatively-valenced frequency was found to be most effective at increasing earthquake-related judgments¹. Study 2 examined descriptive and injunctive norms and found that a range of subject factors such as age and previous knowledge of the legislation influenced the effects of norms. Study 3 used the same manipulation and included a sample from Palmerston North, where earthquake risk perceptions are lower. This study showed several clear norm effects, with the combination of both descriptive and injunctive norms the most effective at increasing support for the earthquake legislation. All three studies showed that belief in the effectiveness of strengthening earthquake-prone buildings predicted support for the legislation and lower earthquake-risk tolerance, suggesting that this could be a key perception to target in communications. Overall, these studies suggest that certain messages are more effective at increasing support for the governmental legislation, but also that framing and social norm effects on real-world issues interact with other variables such as age and knowledge which ought to be examined further to increase the usefulness of psychological research to risk communication. ¹ The results of this study have been accepted for publication as a peer-reviewed journal article: Vinnell, L. J., McClure, J., & Milfont, T. L. (in press). Do framing messages increase support for earthquake legislation? Disaster Prevention and Management, 26(1).</p>
The feasibility of 'Building Performance Sketching' within the building design process
Authors:   , Braasch Elzine 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study investigated the question of whether or not the distributed model method (DMM) could be perceived by the New Zealand building industry’s architects and engineers as overcoming barriers which prevent them from implementing building performance sketching within their design processes. Current literature on the barriers to building performance simulation (BPS) have suggested a number of recommendations for tool developers to address, with little documented success to their impact on overcoming these perceived barriers. The recommendations suggested mainly improving tool interoperability for effective design team collaboration, and means to demonstrate model quality assurance. The DMM presented itself within literature as a new means to overcome the difficulties of interoperability faced by the central modelling method, commonly used in building information modelling (BIM), to meet requirements for design team collaboration. With the ability to provide high interoperability and parametric capabilities with detailed simulation programs, the DMM was hypothesised to address all recommendations from literature to overcome the barriers to implementing BPS within the design process. Furthermore, the study proposed the use of building performance sketching as an approach to assess the architectural sketch as a means to ensure quality assurance. The study concluded that DMM cannot currently address all wants and wishes of users established in literature, but has potential. Future research efforts are required to focus upon: creating industry specific templates for building types; developing these templates to be adaptable for the different modelling operators of the proposed workflow demonstrated to the participants within this study; and developing quality assurance standards for modelling and guidelines for model validation. Finally, the study concluded with future work required beyond tool development: improving education of architects; and introducing legislation.</p>
The influence of school matrons on girls’ educational experience and social participation in Tanzania
Authors:   , Otieno Milka Venance Musa 
Published: November 2021

<p>A commitment to gender equity is reflected in Tanzania’s educational development policies many of which are geared towards preparing all citizens to participate fully in the civic and economic life of the nation. Despite these government aspirations, the social, economic and educational status of women remains low. In this study, I seek answers for these ongoing inequalities by investigating girls’ experiences of education, focusing specifically on the influence of school matrons on educational outcomes and social participation for girls. This qualitative case study was informed by a combination of theoretical frameworks associated with African transformative feminism and social justice philosophies. Interview and focus group data were collected from multiple sites in rural and urban areas in the Manyara and Dodoma regions of Tanzania. In the course of the study, the perspectives of key players in the education contexts of these areas were sought. These included secondary school girls and their school matrons as well as School Principals and members of women’s local community groups and national organisations. In addition, data were drawn from key educational policy documents and reports relating to the education of girls. The findings identify school matrons as having a major influence in the education of Tanzanian girls. In particular, these women are responsible for creating safe educational environments for girls and many do this by assuming a nurturing role, known in Kiswahili as ‘Malezi.’ However, the significant structural challenges facing girls and young women combined with a severe and widespread shortage of educational resources and facilities places constraints on the ability of matrons to provide the sort of ongoing care that girls need. The matrons’ role is further complicated by socio-cultural and traditional expectations placed on girls and women in Tanzanian society. In light of these findings, I critique neoliberal approaches to Tanzanian education, arguing that understanding the impact of the psychosocial support systems on the engagement of learners within the nation’s educational institutions cannot be under-estimated, I conclude that it is time to develop a new way of thinking about gender equity and educational quality that departs from current human rights and human capital approaches.</p>
The Six Sonatas for Unaccompanied Violin by Eugène Ysaÿe: A study in dedication and interpretation
Authors:   , Yang Manshan 
Published: November 2021

<p>Eugène Ysaÿe (1858-1931) was one of the most prominent violin virtuosos from the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century. As a composer, his Six Sonatas for Unaccompanied Violin, Op. 27, composed in 1924, are amongst his most creative and significant contributions to the solo violin repertoire. Each sonata was dedicated to a different virtuoso violinist and is composed to represent the different performing style of each violinist. Among the research related to Ysaÿe’s solo sonatas, there is no detailed performance analysis of the works. Although instructions in Ysaÿe’s solo sonatas are marked carefully in terms of tempo, bowings, bow strokes, fingerings, string choices, dynamics, and characters, the existing recordings show a variety of approaches regarding these elements. Therefore, this exegesis investigates the sonatas through the comparative analysis of six selected recordings of the composer’s students or their own students, and performers with no direct pedagogical lineage to the composer. The study explores whether performances recorded by the violinists who have a pedagogical connection to the composer provide useful sources that are not found in the music, and also examines how and why different musical decisions were made and offers my point of view as a performer as well.</p>