bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure of Healthcare Provision for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United Kingdom: A Consensus Statement
Authors: Young Susan , Asherson Philip , Lloyd Tony , Absoud Michael , Arif Muhammad , Colley William Andrew , Cortese Samuele , Cubbin Sally , Doyle Nancy , Morua Susan Dunn , Ferreira-Lay Philip , Gudjonsson Gisli , Ivens Valerie , Jarvis Christine , Lewis Alexandra , Mason Peter , Newlove-Delgado Tamsin , Pitts Mark , Read Helen , van Rensburg Kobus , Zoritch Bozhena , Skirrow Caroline 
Published: March 2021

Background: Despite evidence-based national guidelines for ADHD in the United Kingdom (UK), ADHD is under-identified, under-diagnosed, and under-treated. Many seeking help for ADHD face prejudice, long waiting lists, and patchy or unavailable services, and are turning to service-user support groups and/or private healthcare for help.Methods: A group of UK experts representing clinical and healthcare providers from public and private healthcare, academia, ADHD patient groups, educational, and occupational specialists, met to discuss shortfalls in ADHD service provision in the UK. Discussions explored causes of under-diagnosis, examined biases operating across referral, diagnosis and treatment, together with recommendations for resolving these matters.Results: Cultural and structural barriers operate at all levels of the healthcare system, resulting in a de-prioritization of ADHD. Services for ADHD are insufficient in many regions, and problems with service provision have intensified as a result of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has established a range of adverse outcomes of untreated ADHD, and associated long-term personal, social, health and economic costs are high. The consensus group called for training of professionals who come into contact with people with ADHD, increased funding, commissioning and monitoring to improve service provision, and streamlined communication between health services to support better outcomes for people with ADHD.Conclusions: Evidence-based national clinical guidelines for ADHD are not being met. People with ADHD should have access to healthcare free from discrimination, and in line with their legal rights. UK Governments and clinical and regulatory bodies must act urgently on this important public health issue.
Psychological Stress Risk Factors, Concerns and Mental Health Support Among Health Care Workers in Vietnam During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thi Lan , Nguyen Tien Bao Le , Pham Anh Gia , Duong Khanh Ngoc Cong , Gloria Mac Ardy Junio , Vo Thanh Van , Vo Bay Van , Phung Toi Lam 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly affected health care workers (HCWs), including their mental health. However, there has been limited evidence on this topic in the Vietnamese context. Therefore, this study aimed to explore COVID-19-related, psychological stress risk factors among HCWs, their concerns and demands for mental health support during the pandemic period.Methods: We employed a cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling. An online, self-administered questionnaire was used and distributed through social media among medical and non-medical HCWs from April 22 to May 12, 2020. HCWs were categorized either as frontline or non-frontline. We measured the prevalence of psychological stress using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) instrument. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with psychological stress among HCWs.Results: Among the 774 enrolled participants, 761 (98.3%) eligible subjects were included in the analysis. Most respondents were females (58.2%), between 31 and 40 years of age (37.1%), lived in areas where confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported (61.9%), medical HCWs (59.9%) and practiced being at the frontline (46.3%). The prevalence of stress was 34.3%. We identified significant risk factors such as being frontline HCWs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.77 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–2.67]), perceiving worse well-being as compared to those before the COVID-19 outbreak [OR = 4.06 (95% CI: 2.15–7.67)], and experiencing chronic diseases [OR = 1.67 (95% CI: (1.01–2.77)]. Majority (73.9%) were concerned about testing positive for COVID-19 and exposing the infection to their families. Web-based psychological interventions that could provide knowledge on managing mental distress and consulting services were highly demanded among HCWs.Conclusion: The prevalence of psychological stress among HCWs in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. There were also significant risk factors associated with it. Psychological interventions involving web-based consulting services are highly recommended to provide mental health support among HCWs.
Stemness-Associated Markers Are Expressed in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Luke Krishnan Claire S. , Brasch Helen D. , Patel Josie , Bockett Nicholas , Paterson Erin , Davis Paul F. , Tan Swee T. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) consists of a nidus with poorly formed low-resistance vessels in place of a functional capillary network. The role of somatic mutations in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and vascular anomalies and the presence of primitive populations in vascular anomalies led us to investigate the presence of a primitive population in extracranial AVM.Methods: Extracranial AVM tissue samples from 12 patients were stained for stemness-associated markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and c-MYC using immunohistochemical staining. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed on six tissue samples to determine transcript expression. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were performed on two AVM-derived primary cell lines to determine protein and transcript expression of these markers, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on two tissue samples to investigate marker co-localization.Results: Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC on the endothelium and media of lesional vessels and cells within the stroma of the nidus in all 12 AVM tissue samples. ISH and RT-qPCR confirmed transcript expression of all five markers. Western blotting showed protein expression of all markers except NANOG. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated an OCT4+/SOX2+/KLF4+/c-MYC+ population within the endothelium and media of the lesional vessels and cells within the stroma of the AVM nidus.Conclusions: Our findings may suggest the presence of a primitive population within the AVM nidus. Further investigation may lead to novel therapeutic targeting of this population.
Pemanfaatan Media Penyuluhan Gizi Lembar Balik oleh Dokter Kecil Dalam Program UKS Di Sekolah Dasar Kecamatan Sukawati Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2019
Authors: Suiraoka I Putu , Kusumayanti GA Dewi 
Published: March 2021

This program focuses on health education activities by little doctors using applicative extension media in terms of applying food diversity, selecting healthy snacks and eating breakfast. The purpose of this community service activity is to conduct training and measure changes in the knowledge of small doctors before and after the training on the use of flipchart nutrition counseling media by little doctors in the UKS program. The targets in this activity are Little Doctors in SD N 1, SDN 2 and SDN 3 Batubulan Kangin. Community service activities were carried out in July 2019 which included pre-test, training, post-test, counseling with a flip sheet by a small doctor to target elementary school children in their neighborhood. The number of targets in the three elementary schools is 57 people. Descriptively the age of the small doctor ranged from 9 years to 12 years, with an average age of 10.33 years and a standard deviation of 0.76 years. The knowledge pre-test results show the lowest value of 45 and the highest value of 95 with an average of 72.45 and a standard deviation of 12.50. In counseling training activities using flipchart media on little doctors in SD N 1, 2 and 3 Batubulan miss it can be observed that the small doctors are very enthusiastic to follow and try. This is because the flipchart is something new and is easily applied by them. The results of the post-test knowledge showed an increase compared to the pre-test data. The lowest value is 50 and the highest value is 100 with an average of 76.05 and a standard deviation of 11.79. There was a significant increase in knowledge based on paired t test results (p 0.05). Based on a review of the results of community service activities, it can be suggested that counseling activities carried out by small doctors are more often done. This adds to the knowledge and insight of elementary school children about healthy, nutritious and balanced food. Counseling is done more easily by using flipchat Keywords: Nutrition education, Litle doctors, Flipchart, School Health Program
Penerapan Radial Basis Function Neural Network dalam Pengklasifikasian Daerah Tertinggal di Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuningrum Vira 
Published: March 2021

Penetapan daerah tertinggal di Indonesia merupakan kasus pengklasifikasian dengan dua kategori pada variabel respon (biner). Pengklasifikasian dengan metode klasifikasi linier yang umum digunakan yaitu regresi logistik pada tahap eksplorasi data menghasilkan misclassification yang relatif besar, sehingga diperlukan suatu metode alternatif. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) merupakan alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk berbagai metode klasifikasi konvensional. Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) merupakan salah satu arsitektur ANN yang populer digunakan dalam klasifikasi. Metode RBFNN menggunakan dua pendekatan yaitu supervised dan unsupervised serta dalam beberapa penelitian menghasilkan akurasi klasifikasi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan metode RBFNN untuk kasus klasifikasi daerah tertinggal di Indonesia untuk melihat arsitektur RBFNN yang terbentuk dan ketepatan klasifikasi yang dihasilkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan RBFNN memberikan performa yang sangat baik yaitu nilai akurasi sebesar 93,48 persen, sensitivitas 81,10 persen dan spesifikasi 97,43 persen. Nilai F-Measure arsitektur RBFNN yang dihasilkan mencapai 85,36 persen.
On Cognitive Validity of Religious Experience
Authors: Salamon Janusz 
Published: March 2021

Does the alleged religious experience of a mystic constitute a reliable source of knowledge about the object of his or her experience? Or does it rationally justify a move from such experience to meaningful beliefs about God or the Absolute which is supposed to be the object of that experience? And are religious beliefs in need of being grounded in religious experience in order to be rationally justified? Although it seems pretty obvious that a great many adherents of all religions find reasons for their beliefs in their religious traditions rather than in their personal religious experiences, one could note that (1) usually these traditions present religious experiences of their founder figures as constituting evidence for their authenticity and truthfulness (consider the importance of Abraham's and Moses' encounters with God for Judaism, the experience of the Apostles on the Day of Pentecost for Christianity, or the experience of Mahomet receiving the Koran for Islam); (2) the supposed mystical experiences of some adherents of a given religious tradition are often treated by their co-believers as an important evidence which increases credibility of their own religious convictions (it seems that primarily for this reason some of the great Christian mystics have been granted the title of 'Doctor of the Church', Chasidic Jews venerate the memory of their saintly leaders making pilgrimages to their graves, and some sufi mystics of medieval Islam are still held in high esteem nearly a thousand years after their death).
Plio-pleistocene Hominids: Epistemological and Taxonomic Problems
Authors: Koszteyn Jolanta 
Published: March 2021

Within the historical times, which roughly corresponds with the Holocene epoch, the whole of mankind is believed to be a single species. Homo sapiens. But the human genealogical tree (phylogeny) is populated by a really astounding number of paleontological species and paleontological genera: Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Paranthropus robustus, Paranthropus
boisei, Homo habilis, Homo georgicus. Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo antecessor, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens. (cf. Gyula 2002). In fact there are many more (Sahelanthropus tchadensis,
Orrorin tugenensis, Kenyanthropus platyops, Australopithecus garhi, Australopithecus aethiopicus) but Foley (2002), quite reasonably, states that the evidence for their existence is, at present, insufficient. The existence of these multiple forms is beyond any doubt. The doubt, however arises concerning the human or „prehuman" status of them. Were they really true specific forms, half-way between the apes and Holocene man? Is it possible that they constitute a number of different ecotypes (or paleoraces) within the same natural species of Homo sapiens?
Ewolucja katolickiej nauki społecznej, ale jaka?
Authors: Ślipko Tadeusz 
Published: March 2021

The author of the article argues against some of Stanisław Pyszka's views presented in the article Ewolucja katolickiej nauki społecznej [Evolution of the Catholic social teaching], published in: „Forum Philosophicum", 8: 2003. T. Ślipko reproaches S. Pyszka for considering the views on social problems expressed in the encyclical letter „Kerum novarum" „dogmatic", as influenced in part by the Thomistic philosophy. Pyszka opposes them to a pastoral perspective of the encyclical letters written by Pope John XXIII, Paul VI and John Paul II. Ślipko states that Catholic social teaching develops, taking into consideration historical circumstances in which human social groups are placed, but the moral principles are unchanged.
Poglądy etyczne Mariana Morawskiego SJ
Authors: Ślipko Tadeusz 
Published: March 2021

Father Marian Morawski was born on the fifteenth of August 1845 in Gräfenberg (presently Jesenik). He joined the order of the Jesuits in 1863 in Stara Wieś. He began his philosophical studies there in 1866, which he finished in Cracow in 1868. Next he studied theology there during the years 1868-1872. In 1870 he was ordained in Śrem. So educated, he lectured philosophy to young Jesuits at Stara Wieś College (1873-1879). It was at that time, that he prepared and published the work by the titile: Filozofia i jej zadanie [Philosophy and its task]. When, at the request of the editor Edward Podolski, the Jesuits took over the periodical "Przegląd Lwowski" and from 1884 began to publish it by the new title of "Przegląd Powszechny" (existing to this day), Morawski became its first editor and published many of his own articles in it concerning science and religion. In this way he created a new breed
of theological literature, known as „world-view literature". As a typical example, Wieczory nad Lemanem [Evenings on Leman] (Cracow 1896) as well as the thesis Celowość w przyrodzie. Studium przyrodniczo-filozoficzne
[Finality in the nature. A natural-philosophical study] (Cracow 1887) were published multiple times and in many languages. From 1887 to 1899 Morawski was a professor at the Jagiellonian University, and during the years 1894-1895 he was the Dean of the Theology Department. He died in Cracow on the sixth of May 1901.
Ethos politico nello stato democratico secondo Luigi Sturzo
Authors: Kobylińska Zdzisława 
Published: March 2021

Che cosa ci puoa dire oggi una riflessione sulla pohtica quando la politica come, per esempio cento anni fa, e vista come una „cosa sporca"? Se veramente una tale riflessione ha solo un valore teoretico o anche storico? Sembra di no... Uno dei modi per evitare le controversie sulla realtä e per comprendere bene i meccanismi del funzionamento di uno Stato, della societa, di un partite e delVethos politico nella sua complessita e quelle di intendersi sui concetto di politica. II fatto che questo concetto della politica, negli ultimi tempi, e soprattutto nei paesi postcomunisti, sia oggetto di notevoli studi ed approfondimenti, sta ad indicare che ci si trova di fronte ad un tema molto attuale e che i l nuovo clima di distensione e frutto di cambiamenti socio-politici e di una faticosa riflessione e preparazione di numerosi studiosi delle piu varie discipline: dalla sociologia alla storia, dalla filosofia al diritto, dall'etica
all'insegnamento sociale della Chiesa.
On the Occasion of his Seventieth Year
Authors: Darowski Roman 
Published: March 2021

Roman Darowski was born on August 12, 1935, in Szczepanowice, near Tarnow. He entered the Jesuit Order on July 31, 1951, and underwent a two year novitiate in Stara Wieś, near Krosno. He was ordained priest on July 31, 1961, in Warsaw. He studied philosophy at the Jesuit College (Faculty of Philosophy) in Cracow (1955-1958). He obtained a Master's Degree (MA) after presenting his thesis, Basic Foundations of Marxist Ethics [Podstawowe założenia etyki marksistowkiej], written under the direction of Tadeusz Ślipko, S. J . He studied theology at the Jesuit College (Faculty of Theology: Bobolanum) in Warsaw (1958-1962). After presenting his thesis Church History of Szczepanowice [Dzieje kościelne Szczepanowic], directed by Włodzimierz Kamńhski, S. J., he obtained a Bachelor's Degree in Theology (at that time equal to an MA). In the following year (1962/1963), he completed the so-called „third probation" in Paray-le-Monial, France, (a one year study of the Constitutions of the order and of Ignatian spirituality).
Józef W. Bremer. Wprowadzenie do logiki
Authors: Janusz Robert 
Published: March 2021

Co łączy Arystotelesa z logicznymi bramkami współczesnych komputerów? Tego można się dowiedzieć z podręcznika Bremera - obszernego i filozoficznie ugruntowanego wprowadzenia do logiki. Dzisiaj, po wielu sukcesach wyemancypowanej z filozofii logiki formalnej, jeszcze tylko nieliczni nie uważają jej za dyscypliny naukową. Wielu jednak szuka na różne sposoby filozoficznych interpretacji tej ścisłej dziedziny wiedzy. Dlatego logikę można uprawiać albo banalnie, albo z filozoficzną zadumą, np. na tle historycznych ścieżek jej rozwoju. Nie jest to jednak proste. Opatrzona Przedmową Jana Woleńskiego książka Bremera ma programowo to zadanie spełniać. Goethemu długie sznurowadła butów hiszpańskich kojarzyły się ze sznurowaniem umysłu w logikę. Z pewnością wielkiemu poecie trudno było uchwycić arystotelesowskie podejście do logiki, tak różne od współczesnego, w pełni sformalizowanego, ale jakże prostego jej ujęcia. Bremer obiera dla swych uczniów drogę historii, narażając ich może na podobne stresy, jakie towarzyszyły Goethemu. Po krótkim przeglądzie różnych etapów rozwoju logiki następuje krótkie omówienie relacji łączących logikę tradycyjną z logiką współczesną. Dla filozofa jest to bardzo ciekawe zagadnienie, stad może pewien niedosyt przy czytaniu tego podrozdziału.
Between Pragmatics and Rehgious Experience. Hugo Tristram Engelhardt's Concept of Bioethics
Authors: Hołub Grzegorz 
Published: March 2021

Bioethics is a relatively young discipline. Within it, discussion is still taking place concerning the methodological status of the subject. Nevertheless, putting aside this inner aspect of bioethics, one thing appears striking. The short-lived existence of bioethics is surprisingly associated with a great number of bioethical projects, aimed at tackling complex problems, arising in the realm of health care. It seems that the rapid enhancement of biomedical sciences and biotechnologies - carrying with it many moral dilemmas - creates a pressure leading to a new sort of ethical reflection, as well as deepening further existing reflections. Looking more generally and somewhat superficially at existing approaches to bioethical matters, one can distinguish two tendencies. One of them puts forward creating a general ethical system drawing upon a specific notion of morality, and drawing up a set of moral rules and principles. The second one finds its starting point in separate cases, in their analyses, playing down the role of general moral theories. The best example of such an approach is a modern casuistry catching on especially in English speaking countries. The spreading tendency of casuistic analyses does not eliminate the fact that many bioethicists still make an effort to pursue the first of the mentioned trends by building up a general bioethical framework. Hugo Tristram Engelhardt is a good example of such a thinker. He is a medical doctor and philosopher working at Rice University in Houston. In the course of over 30 years of his medical and philosophical research, Engelhardt has outlined two bioethical projects: the project of secular bioethics and the project of Christian bioethics.
Biomolecular perfection and the „common descent"
Authors: Koszteyn Jolanta 
Published: March 2021

The concept of „fundamental unity of life" belongs to the descriptive element of biology. It contrasts with the equally empirical concept of multiplicity and diversity of living forms. „Fundamental unity of life" means that however peculiar a biological form might be, some of its essential mechanisms are exactly the same as in the rest of the biological world. It is astonishing to realize that so different beings as bacteria, plants and men manifest several evidently non fortuitous identities. For thousands of years man has been aware, that many behavioral traits are common to all living beings. Every living being processes matter, multiplies, regenerates, adapts to its surroundings'. During the last century a new, impressive confirmation and amplification of these resemblances was found on the molecular and subcellular level. One may say that the previous, rather raw concepts of nutrition, reproduction, adaptation and regeneration have been replaced by the more or less direct evidence, observable within the single living cells. So the idea of „fundamental unity of life" underwent a legitimate „reduction" to the level of biochemistry.
Ist die Welt kausal geschlossen?
Authors: Mutschler Hans-Dieter 
Published: March 2021

Wenn die Welt kausal geschlossen ist und wenn wir ,Kausalität' durch ,Naturgesetzlichkeit' näher bestimmen, dann scheint der Mensch als Freiheitswesen zumindest ein Fremdling in der Natur zu sein, im schlimmsten Fall ein Illusionist, der sich beständig über sich selber täuscht. Viele Bücher beginnen dementsprechend mit der Frage: „Wie passt der Geist in eine materielle Welt?" Die Welt erscheint in einer solchen Perspektive als ein bloß stofflicher Zusammenhang, den die Naturwissenschaft adäquat beschreibt. Da sie keinen Begriff des ,Geistes' hat, entsteht eben diese Frage, wie wohl der Geist in eine solche ,geistlose' Welt hineinpasst, in der jeder materielle Effekt hinreichend durch einen zeitlich vorangehenden bestimmt ist. Die kausale Geschlossenheit der Welt scheint den Begriff des ,Geistes' überflüssig zu machen.