bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined coagulation and intermittent sand filtration for on-site treatment of greywater
Authors: Singh S , Ahammed M M , Shaikh I N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Performance of coagulation followed by intermittent saturated sand filtration system was evaluated for greywater treatment using real greywater. Filters with two different grain sizes were used to study the effect of media size on the removal. Filters were charged daily with 20 L of greywater coagulated with polyaluminium chloride (PACl). Performance of the filters were evaluated based on physicochemical and microbial parameters. Results showed that coagulation followed by sand filtration resulted in 94, 76 and 80% reduction in turbidity, BOD and COD respectively. Also, more than 99% of total and faecal coliform removal was observed. Sand filter with smaller grain size performed significantly better than the sand filter with coarser grain size. Coagulation followed by filtration showed stable and reliable performance as the effluent quality was insensitive to fluctuations in influent quality. Combined coagulation and sand filtration produced effluent conforming to different reuse standards.
Thermal behaviour of heated stationary inner cylinder of a concentric vertical annulus formed with rotating outer cylinder
Authors: Chithrakumar V K , Venugopal G , Rajkumar M R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Experimental studies have been conducted to investigate the convective heat transfer from the inner stationary heated cylinder of a vertical concentric annulus with outer cylinder rotating, corresponding to rotation speeds from 500rpm to 1000rpm. The centrifugal force arising due to the outer cylinder rotation and the buoyant force developed due to the heat generated from the stationary inner cylinder has been characterized by using a non-dimensional number denoted as Rotation parameter (ζ = Reω

2/Gr). The influence of Rotation parameter on the convective thermal behaviour of the heated stationary inner cylinder has been explained.
Design and control of a two-wheel self-balancing robot
Authors: Mathew Alex , Ananthu R , Binsy P , Vahid Abdul , Thomas Ciby , Sidharthan S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Designing the self-balancing two wheeled mobile robots and stabilizing it has gained a lot of momentum in research areas. Instead of complex control system that are mostly scene in these research papers this paper introduces a new design of two wheeled robot structure which fulfils the required level of stabilization without any complex control system. To achieve this, the structure is designed with a vertical straight line motion. After deriving the mathematical model, the model is simulated in Matlab Simulink. The simulation is carried for step, ramp and uneven terrain input conditions.
Evaluation of microstructural and mechanical characteristics of stir cast A356/(0 to 20) wt.% SiCp composites
Authors: Jibin Bose T C , Hashim M , Rajeev V R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work A356/(0-20%) wt.% SiCp composites were prepared from A356 base alloy through the most economical casting route i.e., stir casting method. Silicon carbide of particle size 23 micron was used as reinforcement to prepare A356/10wt.%SiCp and A356/20 wt.% SiCp composites. Microstructure of A356 and A356/(0-20)wt.% SiCp composites were examined using Leica optical microscope. Microstructural Examination showed that A356/(0-20)wt.% SiCp composites have uniform distribution of SiC particles within the two composites apart from α aluminium and eutectic Si compared to its base alloy. Hardness and tensile test were conducted for heat treated and as cast specimens. It was found that heat treated A 356 alloy and its composites have better hardness than as cast. Tensile tests were conducted on both alloy and its composites and found that brittle fracture was more likely to occur in composites wherein ductile fracture pre dominates in base alloy. XRD analysis of both alloy and its composites showed the major hardening phases such as Al2Cu, Mg2Si etc.
A study on electrochemical oxidationof phenol for wastewater remediation
Authors: Divya N , Sreerag A V , Yadukrishna  , Joseph Tiwin , Soloman P A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis era having been driven by the industrial revolution caused a major outbreak of pollutant quantity in water. Phenol is one of the most toxic chemicals and electrochemical oxidation is undoubtedly one of the attractive alternatives for the degradation of phenol available in wastewater. The present study aims at finding the best combination of operating parameters maximizing the phenol removal by electrochemical treatment of phenolic wastewater. Synthetically prepared phenol solution of various concentrations was electrochemically oxidized using a cylindrical flow cell. It was found that initial phenol concentration, time, current density, and salt concentration have a strong influence on the removal of phenol. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, a second-order regression model was proposed to predict the responses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) result and the R2value of the model shows that the model could very well predict the realistic situation. According to the prediction by the model, the best set of operating conditions giving the complete removal of phenol is Time: 9.27 min, Current density: 3.58 A/dm2, supporting Electrolyte concentration: 3.29 g/L, and Initial Concentration: 13.64 ppm.
An assessment on the effect of titanium dioxide & iron oxide nano-particles in industrial waste water decontamination
Authors: Narayanan Jishnu , Manjith Kumar B , Jishnu M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify a technique to detoxify the industrial waste water using metal oxide nanoparticles. Waste water from manufacturing or chemical processes in industries contributes to water pollution. Industrial waste water usually contains specific and readily identifiable chemical compounds. It destroys aquatic life and reduces its reproductive ability. Eventually it is hazardous to human life. Most major industries have treatment facilities for industrial effluents but this is not the case with small-scale industries, which cannot afford enormous investments in pollution control equipment. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to study the effect of titanium dioxide and ferric oxide nanoparticles in detoxification of industrial waste water. Here the adsorption property of these nanoparticles was used for the detoxification of industrial waste water. The nanomaterials were synthesized using high energy ball milling machine and the characterization was done through scanning electron microscopy. After the preparation, these Nano sized titanium dioxide and ferric oxide powder were introduced to the pretested waste water. Due to the adsorption property of these nanomaterials, it is observed that the contaminants like sulphate, cadmium, lead and chlorides are adsorbed to some extent.
A review on polymer based adsorbents for CO2 capture
Authors: Indira V , Abhitha K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the essential ozone harming gas and its emissions ends up in worldwide temperature alteration that leads to climate change. CO2 adsorption on solid materials such as zeolites, carbonaceous materials, metal organic frameworks and silicaisone of the efficient method for carbon dioxide removal. This review focuses on polymer-based adsorbents for CO2 capture. Porous organic polymers like hyper-cross linked polymers (HCPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) and covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) display CO2 catching limit of around 3 to 6 mmol/g at 273K and 1 bar. Polymer such as polyethyleneimine when incorporated with adsorbents offers improved CO2 adsorption at higher temperature. CO2 adsorbents developed from polymer waste can play a dual function in environmental pollution control. In industrial packed columns, polymer composites are considered as superior choice for CO2 capture.
Synthesis of starch-graphene oxide composite membrane for heavy metal removal
Authors: Sajeena Beevi B , Blessmy Rose K , Aleena Shelvi K , Anand Kumar M , Mathew Reethu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of a cost-effective biopolymer composite membrane using starch is found to be efficient to be used for heavy metal removal from waste water. In the present work we have used starch containing amylose/amylopectin as the biopolymer and graphene oxide (GO) as the carbon nanomaterial to develop the composite membrane. Synthesis of graphene oxide, characterization of the graphene oxide, composite preparation using starch-graphene oxide, development of the membrane, characterization and analysis of the heavy metal removal efficiency were the major objectives of the present work. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Raman spectroscopy were used for the characterization studies. Analysis being done for studying the effectiveness of membrane for removal of heavy metal ions including Pb, Cd, Zn and Mg by varying certain parameters, revealed that the membrane is efficient in the range 85-95 % for lower concentrations of these metals in the waste water.
Tribological investigation of peek composite reinforced with nanometre sized potassium titanate powder
Authors: Samraj K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tribological behaviour of poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) reinforced with (0-15 wt%) nanometre sized potassium titanate powder has been investigated on the pin on disk configuration. It has been found that the tribological properties of PEEK composite get enhanced with the increase in concentration of potassium titanate content. Tribological studies of the PEEK polymer-matrix composite shows that it forms a thin transfer film which impact the wear behaviour by reducing the coefficient of friction and wear rate. The worn surface is characterized using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope for analyzing the surface morphology. X-ray diffraction pattern and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of the potassium titanate were also observed. The hardness value of the PEEK composite was obtained by durometer hardness test which found to be improved with concentration of potassium titanate. Moreover, the composite resulted in reduced wear rate and coefficient of friction with the addition of potassium titanate to the PEEK.
A novel 4D cell culture mimicking stomach peristalsis altered gastric cancer spheroids growth and malignance
Authors: Zhao Juzhi , Wang Ruiqi , Zhang Jinyu , Zhao Yufang , Qiao Shupei , Crouzier Thomas , Yan Hongji , Tian Weiming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In vitro cancer models that can largely mimic the in vivo microenvironment are crucial for conducting more accurate research. Models of three-dimensional (3D) culture that can mimic some aspects of cancer microenvironment or cancer biopsies that can adequately represent tumor heterogeneity are intensely used currently. Those models still lack the dynamic stress stimuli in gastric carcinoma exposed to stomach peristalsis in vivo. This study leveraged a lab-developed four-dimensional (4D) culture model by a magnetic responsive alginate-based hydrogel to rotating magnets that can mimic stress stimuli in gastric cancer (GC). We used the 4D model to culture human GC cell line AGS and SGC7901, cells at the primary and metastasis stage. We revealed the 4D model altered the cancer cell growth kinetics mechanistically by altering PCNA and p53 expression compared to the 3D culture that lacks stress stimuli. We found the 4D model altered the cancer spheroids stemness as evidenced by enhanced cancer stem cells (CD44) marker expression in AGS spheroids but the expression was dampened in SGC7901 cells. We examined the multi-drug resistance (MDR1) marker expression and found the 4D model dampened the MDR1 expression in SGC7901 cell spheroids, but not in spheroids of AGS cells. Such a model provides the stomach peristalsis mimic and is promising for conducting basic or translational GC-associated research, drug screening, and culturing patient gastric biopsies to tailor the therapeutic strategies in precision medicine.
Enhanced dispersive properties of graphene plasmons on substrates of composite materials
Authors: Zhou Yun-Cheng , Ud Din Rafi , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ge Guo-Qin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Graphene plasmons (GPs) have opened new perspectives for nanophotonic applications due to their intense fields and low losses at certain frequencies. In this work, we investigate transverse magnetic or p-polarized plasmonic modes supported by a doped graphene sheet cladded between a dielectric and a nanocomposite material in tera Hertz regimes. We show that if there is a certain mechanism to excite and couple localized surface plasmons (LSPs) on the surfaces of the metal-nanoparticles to GPs, this coupling leads to higher wave vectors for the GPs, which gives significant wave localization and intense fields near the surface. Along with dispersion relation, we discuss different properties of GPs supported by the waveguide geometry and its interaction with LSPs. Moreover, we compare the results with GPs supported by dielectric/graphene/dielectric geometry and discuss their tunability with different controlling parameters. We adopt realistic parameters to describe the geometry, therefore the study can be realized experimentally.
Trap induced long exciton intervalley scattering and population lifetime in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Wagner Julian , Kuhn Henning , Bernhardt Robin , Zhu Jingyi , van Loosdrecht Paul H M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) hold the best promise for next generation optoelectronic and valleytronic devices. However, their actual performance is usually largely affected by the presence of inevitable defects. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the influence of defects on the dynamic properties is crucial for optimizing near future implementations. Here, the exciton population and valley scattering dynamics in a chemical vapor deposition grown large size monolayer WSe2 with naturally abundant vacancy and boundary defects were systematically investigated using polarization controlled heterodyned transient grating spectroscopy at different excitation wavelengths and temperatures. Slow and multi-exponential decay dynamics of the exciton population were observed while no sign of any micron scale diffusive transport was identified, consistent with the effect of exciton trapping by defects. In general, two different kinds of exciton species were identified: one with short population lifetime (∼10 ps) and extremely fast intervalley scattering dynamics (<200 fs) and in contrast another one with a long population lifetime (>1 ns) and very slow intervalley scattering dynamics exceeding 100 ps. We assign the former to non-trapped excitons in the nanometer scale and the latter to defect-bound excitons. Temperature dependent intervalley scattering dynamics of the trapped excitons can be understood in terms of a two optical phonon dominated process at the K point in momentum space. Our findings highlight the importance of the intrinsic defects in monolayer TMDCs for manipulating exciton valley polarization and population lifetimes, which is key for future device applications.
Construction of conductive and biocompatible three-dimensional nickel scaffolds with electrodeposited chitosan for nerve regeneration
Authors: Liu Zhepeng , Wang Kewu , Luo Yawen , Ou Chenyan , Xia Yan , Liang Wenli , Zhang Xiaoshi , Tian Geng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, construction of conductive and biocompatible three-dimensional nickel scaffolds (NiF) with electrodeposited chitosan (CS) for tissue engineering. The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing, water absorption, retention capacity and conductive sensitivity. Three-dimensional nickel scaffolds with electrodeposited chitosan (NiFC-n) exhibited uniformly filling structure on their surfaces and the inner structure and good mechanical property. When the versatile NiFC-n sensors were attached to different deformation, they could detect a variety of motion signals. MTT assay, Cells were stained with carboxyfluoresceinsuccinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay, apoptosis experiment and cell culture experiment results showed that NiFCn had good biocompatibility. The results indicated that the NiFC2 had a low immunogenicity, and can promote cell proliferation and support cell adhesion. This work provides a safe and feasible electrodeposition method to construct conductive and biocompatible three-dimensional nickel scaffolds with electrodeposited chitosan for tissue engineering. Therefore, NiFCn had potential application as biomaterials that may contact with real time measurement of rehabilitation for tissue engineering.
Reinforcing effects of cyclic expansion extrusion with an asymmetrical extrusion cavity (CEE-AEC) on pure magnesium
Authors: Ji JinSheng , Zheng Jie , Shi YuSha , Zhang Heng , Zhang ZhiMin , Xue Yong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a relatively novel severe plastic deformation method cyclic expansion extrusionwith an asymmetrical extrusioncavity (CEE-AEC) was carried out to prepare large-sized pure magnesium (Mg) with high comprehensive performance. Finite element analysis (FEM) was used to study the plastic deformation process and Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) was aimed to research the microstructural evolution. Three passes and isothermal deformation at 250 °C were chosen to satisfy the research. The central part of the billet was cut as the research area, and the resultant microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed systematically. The results showed that the grain size was remarkably refined due to continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). Twins participated in the progress of deformation. The shear strain introduced by the asymmetrical extrusion cavity determined the formation of inclined basal texture, leading to the increasing value of basal 〈a〉 slip system Schmid factor. The best comprehensive tensile properties were obtained after three passes of deformation, and the contributions came from grain refinement strengthening and texture modification, respectively.
The enhanced aerosol deposition by bipolar corona discharge arrays
Authors: LI Jiacheng , HUANG Zhongzheng , LIU Dawei , ZHENG Kuanlei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The corona discharges provide an efficient way to induce precipitation or eliminate fog by increasing ion density in the open air. In this paper, one bipolar corona discharge array (positive and negative high voltage coupled simultaneously) which can generate high densities of positive and negative ions is developed. The comparison between bipolar corona discharge array and unipolar corona discharge array (positive or negative coupled only) indicates that bipolar corona discharge array can generate ∼3 times higher ion density than unipolar corona discharge array. More charged aerosols are produced through collisions between ions and aerosols. The collision rate between aerosols is increased substantially by the attractive forces between positively and negatively charged aerosols. The deposition of aerosols induced by bipolar discharges is 25.7% higher than that of unipolar discharges at the humidity super-saturation condition. Therefore, the bipolar corona discharge system is a new option for the large scale ion sources used for artificial weather modification.
Observation of the perturbed eigenvalues of PT-symmetric LC resonator systems
Authors: Zhou Bin-Bin , Wang Li-Feng , Dong Lei , Huang Qing-An 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We address both theoretically and experimentally the influence of asymmetric perturbation on the eigenvalues of parity-time (PT) symmetric resonator systems under the symmetric gain-loss arrangement, based on an inductively coupled inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) pair. The perturbed eigenvalues have been theoretically presented, numerically simulated, and experimentally measured. It shows that the asymmetric perturbation breaks PT-symmetry, leading to complex eigenvalues, which is different from the broken PT-symmetric phase with complex-conjugate eigenvalues. We have analyzed the perturbed frequency responses in all phases. At the exceptional points (EP), the resulting eigenvalues splitting is proportional to the square root of perturbation, showing the advantage of being highly sensitive to asymmetric perturbation. Meanwhile, the smaller the perturbation, the higher the sensitivity. The perturbation effect of PT-symmetric systems may be utilized to detect small signal changes in LC passive wireless sensors.
Characterising industrial thermal plumes in coastal regions using 3-D numerical simulations
Authors: Faulkner Agnieszka , Bulgin Claire E , Merchant Christopher J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coastal power stations use sea water as a coolant, releasing it back into coastal environments at a higher-than-ambient temperature. Due to the possible ecological impacts on sensitive coastal zones, thermal plume formed by warmer coolant waters needs to be monitored, which is typically done through field campaigns. This paper assesses the use of simulations and remotely sensed observations as complimentary methods to characterise plume behaviour for a chosen coastal power station located within an inter-tidal embayment. Simulations of the thermal plume for two main tide phases and associated sea current conditions are validated against the high-resolution satellite observations. Simulated plume temperatures are higher than the observed values, with the biggest difference of 2 °C. The direction of the simulated plume dispersion is in agreement with observations and depends on the strength and direction of sea currents associated with the phase of the tide. The plume stretches most at the surface with limited impact on the benthic temperatures.
Electronic states and metallic character of carbide Co/MoS2 catalytic interface
Authors: López-Galán Oscar A , Ramos Manuel , Berhault Gilles , Torres Brenda , Chianelli Russell R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report computer assisted density functional theory computations of electronic states in carbide Co9S8/MoS2 interface model. The interface model was previously proposed using crystallographic information from experimental high-resolution TEM observations; and directly observed by in-situ heating to confirm carbon deposit occurs at the sulfur edge of Co9S8/MoS2 which creates a thin carbide layer. In here, the total energy for carbon adsorption results eight times more favorable to occur at sulfur edge in comparison to molybdenum or cobalt replacement by permutation of carbon atoms as contained in C, CH, CH2 species by exothermic energies. Amorphous carbon excites 2
pz
orbitals as observed on density of states near Fermi level (F

E
), and 13% decreased in terms of charge carriers available, causing to decrease its chemical catalytic reactivity and bending of MoS2 slabs as carbon starts to accumulate at the sulfur edge mainly, which is attributed to charge distribution around the adsorption site caused by the foreign atoms, confirmed by electron density plots, that acts as ‘electron traps’. This helps us concluding that carbon replacement can induce change of selectivity in direct desulfurization pathway.