bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of planning margins for patients undergoing radical radiation therapy treatment for bladder cancer using volumetric modulated arc therapy and cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Dower Kathleene , Ford Andriana , Sandford Michael , Doherty Andrew , Greenham Stuart , Kerin Luke , Dwyer Patrick , Hansen Carmen , Westhuyzen Justin , Shakespeare Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionCurrent contouring guidelines for curative radiation therapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) recommend margins of 1.5–2.0 cm, applied to the clinical target volume (CTV). This study assessed whether the use of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and strict bladder preparation allowed for a reduced planning target volume (PTV) expansion, resulting in lower doses to surrounding organs at risk (OARs).MethodsDaily CBCT images for 12 patients (382 scans total) were retrospectively reviewed against four potential PTV margins created on and exported with the reference CT scan. To form the PTVs, three isotropic expansions of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm were applied to the CTV, as well as an anisotropic expansion of 1.5 cm superiorly and 1.0 cm in all other dimensions. Following treatment completion, the CBCTs were visually assessed to determine the margins encapsulating the bladder. For retrospective planning purposes, the 1.0‐cm and anisotropic margins were compared with the previously recommended margins to determine differences in OAR doses.ResultsThe 0.5‐, 1.0‐ and 1.5‐cm isotropic margins (IM) and the anisotropic margin (ANIM) covered the CTV in 46.1, 96.8, 100 and 100% of CBCTs retrospectively. Doses to OARs were significantly lower for the reduced margin plans for the small bowel, rectum and sigmoid.ConclusionBladder planning target volumes may be safely reduced. We endorse a PTV margin of 1.0cm anteriorly, posteriorly and inferiorly with 1.0–1.5 cm superiorly for radical whole bladder cases using strict bladder preparation, VMAT and pretreatment CBCTs.
Rationale and design of the HINODE study: Heart failure indication and sudden cardiac death prevention trial Japan
Authors: Yamasaki Hiro , Ando Kenji , Ikeda Takanori , Mitsuhashi Takeshi , Murohara Toyoaki , Nishii Nobuhiro , Nogami Akihiko , Sakata Yasushi , Shimizu Wataru , Simon Torri , Beaudoint Caroline , Kayser Torsten , Kutyifa Valentina , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRandomized trials in Western countries have provided evidence that prophylactic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy reduces mortality in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. However, the risk of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias in Japanese HF patients sharing similar risk factors is still unknown.MethodsThe Heart Failure Indication and Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Trial Japan trial (NCT03185832) is a prospective, multicenter registry designed to collect data on ventricular arrhythmia, HF events, and mortality in Japanese HF patients. Japanese patients with HF and 2‐5 predefined risk factors who were indicated for cardiac device implantation based on European Society of Cardiology guidelines were enrolled in four treatment arms: implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD), cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D), HF pacing (PA; Pacemaker and cardiac resynchronization pacemaker), and nondevice (ND) cohorts and followed for a minimum of 12 months. Since it is anticipated that some baseline patient characteristics and risk factors will differ significantly from those reported in predominantly Western populations, event rates will be compared to a propensity‐matched population from the MADIT RIT trial. Primary endpoints are composite rates of first appropriately treated ventricular arrhythmias (VA) or/and life‐threatening VA symptoms for the ICD and CRT‐D cohorts. For nondevice and PA cohorts, the primary outcome is all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThe Heart Failure Indication and Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention Trial Japan is a large prospective multicenter registry with defined device treatment cohorts and will provide data for risk stratification for cardiovascular events in Japanese HF patients.
Fast anatomical mapping of the carina and its implications for acute pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Shin Dong‐In , Koektuerk Buelent , Waibler Hans P. , List Stephan , Bufe Alexander , Seyfarth Melchior , Horlitz Marc , Blockhaus Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundFast anatomical mapping (FAM) of the left atrium and pulmonary veins (PV) during PV isolation (PVI) generates anatomical information about the carina region additionally. We aimed to investigate the utility of these data in relation to conduction abilities of the intervenous carina.MethodsWe investigated 71 patients with drug‐refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent first‐time circumferential PVI using an electroanatomical mapping system. Carina width between ipsilateral PV was measured using FAM and an integrated distance measurement tool. Encirclings were divided into carina ablation and noncarina ablation groups based on the necessity of carina ablation to achieve PVI.ResultsIn total, 142 encirclings were analyzed and first‐pass isolation was observed in 102 (72%) encirclings. Nonfirst‐pass PVI solely due to a gap on the line or persistent carina conduction was observed in 10 (7%) and 30 (21%) encirclings, respectively. Encirclings were classified into a carina ablation group (n = 30, 21%) and noncarina ablation group (n = 112, 79%). Carina width was significantly larger in the carina ablation vs nonarina ablation group (right: 11.9 ± 1.5 mm vs 8 ± 1.4 mm, P < .001/left: 12.1 ± 1.3 mm vs 8.1 ± 1.1 mm, P < .001) requiring additional carina ablation.ConclusionCarina‐related PV conduction is a common finding after the first‐pass ablation during PVI. Measurement of carina width using FAM is feasible and its value correlates with the necessity of carina ablation to achieve PVI.
Recent changes in global dryland temperature and precipitation
Authors: Daramola Mojolaoluwa Toluwalase , Xu Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChanges in dryland temperature and precipitation are essential components of dryland climate change. This study applies the use of the monthly reanalysis data product of ERA5, which has a spatial resolution of 0.25°, to investigate the changes in the dryland climate between 1979 and 2018. The result revealed warming and drying of the drylands in recent decades, most notably in the current decade. The general global dryland temperature and precipitation increased and decreased significantly (0.01 significance level) at the rate of 0.032°C·year−1 and 0.074 mm·month−1·year−1, respectively, in the last 40 years. Although precipitation generally decreased over the drylands, summer precipitation increased over southern Africa and Australia as well as northern Africa and south Asia dryland areas. Variation in the warming rate over the dryland zones at different periods was also observed. The semiarid and dry subhumid warmed continually from the first decade (0.02°C·year−1 and 0.017°C·year−1) to the fourth decade (0.077°C·year−1 and 0.065°C·year−1, respectively), while the hyperarid warmed at a slower rate in the last two decades compared to the prior decades. More intense warming was also observed in the areas where precipitation decreased, suggesting the effect of reduced evaporative cooling. These changes have implications on the dryland environment, such as aridity changes, which could affect the sustainable development of the areas through the corresponding impact on the ecosystem.
Effect of C:N:P stoichiometry on soil nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen retention
Authors: Li Zhijie , Reichel Rüdiger , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncorporating high organic carbon amendments (HCA) in the soil can promote microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization. HCA incorporation is thought to reduce N loss via nitrate (NO3−); however, it often increases nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in upland soils.AimsWe aimed to investigate N2O emission and soil N retention in different soils after co‐application of mineral N fertilizer, HCA, and phosphorus (P) fertilizer for alleviating potential microbial P limitation.MethodsWe conducted a 42‐day incubation experiment with nutrient‐rich silty soil (RUS), nutrient‐rich sandy soil (RSS), and nutrient‐poor silty soil (PUS). Soils were amended with wheat straw, leonardite or sawdust, with 50 mg N kg–1 soil dry weight (dw) and additionally with 0, 140, or 250 mg P kg–1 soil dw.ResultsThe addition of 250 mg P kg–1 significantly increased CO2 emission by 88.6% and 19.8% in wheat straw‐amended PUS and RUS, respectively. In the nutrient‐rich soils, HCA co‐applied with P mostly did not reduce N2O emissions. In the sandy soil, sawdust and leonardite with 140 mg P kg–1 significantly reduced the cumulative N2O emissions by 76.3% and 76.8%, respectively. In the silty soils amended with wheat straw, the retention of N in the form of microbial biomass and ammonium in soil was paralleled by significantly lower NO3− concentrations.ConclusionsWe conclude that P co‐application with HCA, such as wheat straw, might improve N retention, even if N2O emissions did not decline. However, we also found that different soils respond very differently to combined HCA, N and P addition, which calls for further research into the underlying mechanisms.
Sedimentation history of Lake Taymyr, Central Russian Arctic, since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Gromig Raphael , Lebas Elodie , Savelieva Larisa , Pushina Zina , Fedorov Grigory , Brill Dominik , Lenz Marlene Margit , Krastel Sebastian , Wagner Bernd , Kostromina Nataliya , Mustafin Mark , Melles Martin 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTHydro‐acoustic and seismic data and 2‐ to 16‐m‐long sediment cores from the central area of Lake Taymyr (Taymyr Peninsula, central Russian Arctic) were investigated to reconstruct its sedimentation history. Granulometric, chronological, geochemical and biological data from the sediment cores reveal two lowstands and two highstands of the lake level, which is today located ca. 5 m above sea level during summer. Our study confirms the presence of an ice sheet blocking the drainage of Lake Taymyr during the latest Weichselian. Although chronological control of the sediment cores does not allow us to unambiguously constrain the time frame for each of the lake stages, the proposed timing of events is in good agreement with regional terrestrial archives as well as marine signals on the Kara Sea Shelf. Overall, the data show that the evolution of Lake Taymyr involved a complex interplay of regional climatic, glacial and sea‐level changes.
Compression behavior of energetic ε‐CL‐20 crystals from density functional theory calculations
Authors: Bao Tianqi , Su Yan , Fan Junyu , Zhao Jijun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing dispersion corrected density functional theory, we comprehensively explore the structure and the Raman spectra of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) crystal under hydrostatic and uniaxial compression. Through hydrostatic compression, we verify that PBE‐D2 scheme can accurately describe the crystal structure under zero pressure and high pressure. Along different orientation compressions, the CL‐20 crystal exhibits considerable anisotropy in principal stresses and shear stresses. The compression effects on the vibration properties of CL‐20 are further analyzed. Compression along the [100] orientation induces some anomalous changes for vibrational modes of the nitro groups, which are associated with changes of the spatial orientation of the nitro groups. This work is expected to shed light on the anisotropic behavior and pressure‐induced configurations transitions of CL‐20 at atomistic scale.
Enhanced recovery after pancreatic surgery: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ergenc Muhammer , Karpuz Sakir , Ergenc Merve , Yegen Cumhur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is a perioperative care bundle designed to achieve early healing after surgical procedures. This study aims to investigate the effect of the ERAS protocol on postoperative complications, length of hospital stay (LOS), and readmission rates in pancreatic surgery patients.MethodsThe study was designed as a prospective and randomized controlled study between January 2016 and November 2018 on pancreatic surgery patients. A total of 38 patients were analyzed, 18 of whom were in the ERAS group and 20 in the control group. Patient demographics, intraoperative variables, and postoperative outcomes were recorded.ResultsThe groups were similar regarding age, sex, surgery type, American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, and laboratory results. There was no significant difference in the intraoperative variables. Early oral feeding was preferred, mostly in the ERAS group compared to the control group. Perioperative complication rates, including delayed gastric emptying and pancreatic fistula, LOS, and readmission rates, were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsThe ERAS protocol provided a minimal decrease in the total complication rates and had no effect on severe complications. Therefore, the ERAS protocol seems feasible and can be applied safely in pancreatic surgery patients.
Quality control of Semen Hoveniae by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Qingyu , Xu Ke , Zhang Yu , Han Jing , Sui Wenwen , Zhang Haotian , Yu Maomao , Tong Yichen , Wang Sijie , Han Fei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was developed to control the quality of Semen Hoveniae. First, the chromatographic fingerprint was established in combination with the chemometrics methods such as similarity analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to discover the qualitative markers. Then, an high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed to identify the chemical constituents in Semen Hoveniae. Moreover, the content of dihydromyricetin and dihydroquercetin in Semen Hoveniae were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. As a result, nine common peaks were assigned in the fingerprints and the similarity of the 13 batch samples varied from 0.425 to 0.993, indicating an obviously different quality. Dihydromyricetin and dihydroquercetin were the main qualitative markers to differ the quality of Semen Hoveniae. Meanwhile, a total of 21 chemical compounds were characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and six of them were identified by comparing with information of reference standards. Finally, the content of dihydromyricetin and dihydroquercetin in 13 batch samples varied from 0.824 to 7.499 mg/g and from 0.05941 to 4.258 mg/g , respectively. In conclusion, the methods developed here will provide sufficient qualitative and quantitative information for the quality control of Semen Hoveniae.
Black Bears Select Large Woody Structures for Dens in Southeast Alaska
Authors: Porter Boyd , Gregovich David P. , Crupi Anthony P. , Pendleton Grey W. , Bethune Stephen W. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTTimber interests target coastal temperate rainforests, and within them stands composed of large trees potentially selected by American black bears (Ursus americanus) for denning. We identified the location of 75 black bear dens (used ≥14 days) in an intensively logged area on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA. We ground‐visited a subset (n = 43) of these sites to measure the diameter of living trees and woody structures used by black bears for denning. We contrasted dens with random trees available in the study area in a series of models to characterize black bear den selection. All but 1 of 43 ground‐visited dens were located within woody structures, and all but 2 of these structures were >1 m diameter at breast height (dbh). We built resource selection functions (RSFs) to investigate black bear den selection across a range of spatial scales, though estimated selection was generally scale invariant. Black bears strongly selected large‐diameter woody structures (dead or alive) as dens at the home‐range scale, with the estimated relative strength of selection (RSS) for a 2‐m‐diameter tree approximately 166 times that of a 1‐m‐diameter tree. The estimated RSS of logged forest was unexpectedly greater (2.75 times) than that of the remaining commercially valuable old‐growth forest. Selection for den structures within stumps in previously logged stands suggests features of the woody structure may be of greater importance to black bears selecting dens than attributes of the surrounding forest. There was no observed correlation between bear den selection and second‐growth age, indicating that stumps may persist as suitable dens well after logging. Because denning is an important part of their life history and the denning structures used by black bears on Prince of Wales Island will eventually decay, retaining habitat value for bears in areas intensively managed for timber harvest requires strategies to recruit very large, old trees throughout the landscape. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of Radio‐Collars are not Contingent on Socioecological Conditions in Degus
Authors: Ebensperger Luis A. , Quirici Verónica , Bunster Valentina , León Cecilia , Ramírez‐Estrada Juan , Hayes Loren D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTSpecies‐specific research on free‐ranging mammals reveals a diversity of effects of radio‐collars on behavior, body condition, and fitness. Although these studies indicate rather limited direct effects, radio‐collars may cause effects influenced by socio‐ecological conditions. Using a 7‐year study on a natural population of group‐living degus (Octodon degus), we tested the hypothesis that ecological (food availability, burrow density) and social (group size, group male‐to‐female ratio) conditions modulate effects of radio‐collars on body condition (e.g., body mass, ecto‐ and endoparasite loads, fecal cortisol metabolites) and direct fitness (litter size, adult survival). We determined the effect of radio‐collar use on degus by contrasting the presence or absence of radio‐collars, quantifying the effects of the number of days carrying a radio‐collar, and the relative mass of radio‐collars worn by degus in central Chile between 2009 and 2015. Radio‐collar use was not associated with direct effects on litter size, adult survival, or with body mass and fecal cortisol metabolites but was linked to low ecto‐ and endoparasite loads. These seemingly positive effects may reflect decreased mobility, or a research bias for radio‐collaring larger, healthier individuals. There was no evidence that ecological and social conditions modulated radio‐collar effects on degu body condition and direct fitness. These findings are consistent with evidence from other mammal studies that reported no appreciable detrimental direct or indirect effects of radio‐collars. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Temporal Bone Osteoradionecrosis: An 18‐year, Single‐Institution Experience
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Hernandez Mike , Elms Hunter , Choi Jonathan S. , Lindquist Nathan R. , Moreno Amy C. , Nader Marc‐Elie , Gidley Paul W. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo report the largest single‐institution review of temporal bone osteoradionecrosis (TBORN), and characterize the disease's natural history, prognostic factors, management, and outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsRetrospective review was conducted to identify patients with TBORN. Pertinent data were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Multivariable analyses were conducted to explore associations between these characteristics and time to TBORN diagnosis and risk of developing diffuse disease.ResultsTBORN was identified in 145 temporal bones from 128 patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 62 years, and mean time to diagnosis after radiotherapy was 10 years. Age greater than 50 years was associated with earlier diagnosis. According to the Ramsden criteria, 76% of TBs had localized and 24% had diffuse disease at initial diagnosis; 37% had diffuse disease at last follow‐up. On multivariable analysis, diabetes, three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT), and periauricular skin malignancy were significant risk factors for developing diffuse disease. Localized disease was successfully managed with conservative measures, whereas surgery was often necessary for diffuse disease. When TBORN spread outside the mastoid or infratemporal fossa, conservative measures were always unsuccessful.ConclusionsTBORN occurs earlier in older patients. While diffuse disease is less common than localized disease, it occurs more frequently in patients with diabetes, history of 3D‐CRT, and periauricular skin malignancies. Conservative management is appropriate for localized disease, while surgery is often necessary for diffuse disease. The prognostic factors identified helped propose a TBORN staging system and treatment guidelines which may improve patient risk stratification and disease management.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2578–2585, 2021
Association of Severe Tongue Edema With Prone Positioning in Patients Intubated for COVID‐19
Authors: Walsh Amanda , Peesay Tejasvi , Newark Annemarie , Shearer Sarah , Parsa Keon , Pierce Matthew , Gao William Z. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives/HypothesisProne positioning is frequently used in patients intubated for COVID‐19‐related lung injury to improve oxygenation. At our institution, we observed severe tongue edema develop in some of these patients. Hence, we sought to determine the incidence of tongue edema in this cohort and whether prone positioning was a risk factor associated with this complication.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA single‐system retrospective cohort study of patients intubated for respiratory failure secondary to COVID‐19 who subsequently developed clinically notable tongue edema from March 13 to July 5, 2020.Results260 patients were intubated for COVID‐19‐related respiratory failure during the study period. 158 patients (60.8%) underwent at least one episode of proning. Twelve patients in total (4.6%) developed clinically significant tongue edema. Eleven of the twelve patients (91.7%) who developed tongue edema underwent proning prior to the development of edema. Prone positioning was associated with an increased incidence of tongue edema (odds ratio [OR] 7.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–59.46, P = .027). In all proned patients who developed edema, this complication was noted during proning or shortly after supination (range, 0–4 days). Tongue edema was primarily managed with conservative measures; one patient required tracheostomy for definitive management.ConclusionsTongue edema appears to develop in a subset of patients with COVID‐19 who are intubated. It appears to be associated with prone positioning but is likely multifactorial in nature. Further investigation into its incidence and pathophysiology is warranted.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:287–289, 2022