bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-power nuclear power plants in the context of electric power systems transformation
Authors: Sarkisov Ashot A. , Antipov Sergey V. , Smolentsev Dmitry O. , Bilashenko Vyacheslav P. , Kobrinsky Mikhail N. , Sotnikov Vladimir A. , Shvedov Pavel A. 
Published: March 2021

Increasing economic importance of the Arctic, further intensification of northern sea routes, and exceptional sensitivity of the arctic natural environment to anthropogenic impacts are fundamental factors for a comprehensive study of environmental aspects in the application of innovative technologies for the development of infrastructure in the Arctic.
Despite the growing interest in low-power nuclear power plants as a distributed generation facility, their possible application in technologically isolated power systems does not lose relevance. The development of both the Arctic and Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation presents great opportunities and demand for the use of nuclear power sources. Also, development programs for the Russian arctic zone imply a significant increase in the role and number of nuclear power facilities, in other words of potential radiation-hazardous facilities.
Large-scale use of nuclear-powered installations in the Arctic necessitates advanced development of a scientifically grounded and modern forecasting system as well as assessments of threats and risks in case of possible radiation emergencies at nuclear- and radiation-hazardous facilities. Also, the development of proposals for necessary measures to minimize negative consequences of such emergencies is required. This is especially true for the case of compact placement of industrial, infrastructure and residential facilities in the Arctic in the immediate vicinity of nuclear facilities.
The paper demonstrates that the demand for low-power nuclear power plants and their competitiveness will grow steadily in the conditions of electric-power industry decentralization, further spread of distributed generation and the development of technologically isolated power systems. Approaches to the generation of a low nuclear-power system based on the philosophy of industrialization of production and centralized management are presented. Special features of the environmental impact assessment of low-power nuclear power plants for the development of a methodology to study the radio-ecological hazard related problems are provided.
La gestion des parties prenantes dans le cadre d'une politique RSE dans le secteur de l’exploitation forestière au Cameroun : le cas des PME
Authors: Sangué-Fotso Robert 
Published: March 2021

Cet article cerne la RSE comme mécanisme de facilitation des transactions socio-économiques des PME forestières à travers le rôle des différentes parties prenantes. À partir d’une étude qualitative au Cameroun, il explore les fondements de la RSE comme un dispositif de régulation sociale qui structure les interactions entre les divers acteurs et les enjeux de son explicitation. Il ressort de nos analyses deux logiques de RSE. La première relève de la RSE « amont » qui conduit à la définition des bases contractuelles de toutes transactions forestières et s’impose comme mécanisme de mise en relation des différents acteurs avec le processus d’exploitation. La seconde, la RSE « aval », relevant de la démarche prescrite par les institutions permet d’entretenir les mécanismes de transaction. Classification JEL : D63, P26, Q23, Q28
De l’enseignement mutuel à la pédagogie différenciée : la place de l’enseignement simultané
Authors: Kahn Sabine , Roland Elsa 
Published: March 2021

L’histoire récente de l’École est semée d’élans, d’innovations, de prescriptions afin de pallier les pathologies et inégalités scolaires, violences symboliques et effectives et multiples échecs de nos systèmes scolaires. La pédagogie différenciée fait-elle partie de ces tentatives ? Quelles dimensions viciées de l’École vise-t-elle à compenser, voire à masquer ? Peut-elle échapper à cette malédiction et effectivement contribuer à l’émancipation de tous les élèves ? L’objet de cet article est d’interroger le concept de « pédagogie différenciée » et de le mettre en relation avec l’organisation structurelle de l’école, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd’hui, et les effets pervers engendrés. Un détour par le passé sera nécessaire afin d’historiciser l’enseignement simultané dans lequel s’inscrit la pédagogie différenciée en France, en Belgique et dans de nombreux pays dans le monde. L’enseignement simultané n’a pourtant pas toujours existé pour penser l’apprentissage et/ou la transmission des savoirs. Il était, jusqu’au début du XIXe siècle, en concurrence avec de nombreuses autres formes d’enseignement – dont l’école mutuelle qui connut un grand succès à la fin du XVIIIe en France, en Belgique et en Angleterre, mais qui fut pourtant disqualifiée, au nom de son « efficacité » selon Anne Querrien. L’école mutuelle sera présentée dans cet article afin de problématiser certaines des manières de penser la différenciation en sciences de l’éducation ces 50 dernières années.
Clinical, laboratory and radiological features and outcomes of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Nehara Hardeva Ram , Agrawal Sahaj , Chhimpa Atma Ram , IH Sunil , Arakeri Avadusidda , Sirohi Pramendra 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
To describe the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and outcomes of moderate-to-severe coronvirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 43 RT-PCR confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients who were admitted to a tertiary care center. The primary composite outcomes were admission to intensive care unit, requirement of mechanical ventilation, and death.

Results:
The median age of the patients was 50 years, and 62.8% of the patients were male. Out of 43 patients, 15 (34.88%) were categorized as severe. A total of 26 (60.47%) patients had 1 or more comorbidities [diabetes (34.88%) and hypertension (30.23%)]. The median duration from the onset of symptoms to admission was 3 days, and the most common symptoms were dyspnoea (90.7%), cough (79.07%), fever (69.77%), and body ache (46.51%). Leucopenia was presented in 14 (32.56%) patients, lymphopenia in 26 (60.47%) patients, and monocytosis in 7 (16.28%) patients. Besides, 40 (93.02%) patients had bilateral patchy nodular or interstitial infiltration on chest X-ray. The primary outcomes occurred in 20 patients (46.5%), among whom 8 required mechanical ventilation. The patients who had met the primary outcomes were older. They were prone to have at least 1 comorbidity (P=0.004), diabetes (P=0.01), hypertension, higher sequential organ failure assessment score, more tachycardia, lower SpO2, lower PaO2/FiO2, more thrombocytopenia, and more pancytopenia.

Conclusions:
This retrospective study identified several risk factors for poor outcomes in adults with COVID-19. In particular, older age, tachycardia, high SOFA score, low SpO2, low PaO2/FiO2, presence of comorbidities in form of diabetes and hypertension, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia at admission were associated with higher odds of ICU admission, a requirement of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death.
Comparative effect of neonatal and adult exposure to monosodium glutamate
Authors: Stephen Akataobi Uche , Ushie Awusha Moses , Wilson Obio Arong 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:
Exposure to monosodium glutamate (MSG) is reported to have different effects on exposed rats depending on the age of exposure, believed to be as a result of its ability to pass the blood–brain barrier and affect the level and function of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.

Aim:
The present study is aimed at understanding the differential effect of MSG in rats exposed either as neonate, neonate plus adult or adult only by measuring the metabolism of selected neurotransmitters in the brain.

Materials and Methods:
Neonates were grouped into 2 administered 4 mg/g body weight MSG and Saline (control) on postnatal days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The rats were allowed to mature for 30 weeks afterwards the MSG group were further divided into three groups (n = 6) and administered saline, 5 and 10 mg/g of MSG. Two other groups, not exposed to MSG at neonatal age, were similarly administered 5 and 10 mg/g of MSG, administration lasted for 6 weeks. Key enzymes of acetylcholine and tyrosine metabolisms as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in whole brain homogenates.

Results:
Showed an increase in acetylcholinesterase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities which occurred similarly in both neonatal and adult administered groups. AST and ALT showed a similar activity significantly higher adult groups.

Conclusion:
MSG affected both neonate and adult administered groups similarly in a dose dependent manner.
Spectrum of Diabetic Lesions
Authors: Vartak Shailesh , Neelakantan Amrita , Chakravarty-Vartak Urmi , Mutha Khushboo 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The aim of our study was to study the gross morphological changes, histopathology, prevalence, and characteristics of pathological lesions in various organs in patients of diabetes mellitus; to determine the contribution of diabetes to mortality; and to study complications of diabetes mellitus in the cases studied.

Materials and Methods:
Ours was a descriptive cross-sectional study of a five-year duration carried out at a tertiary care hospital. A complete medical autopsy was done of all the cases; all organs were examined grossly and microscopically, and their details were recorded.

Results:
A total of 137 patients with diabetes were studied at autopsy. Overall, 32.8% of the patients with diabetes were in the age group of 61–70 years, with a female:male ratio of 1.2:1. The highest frequency of deaths was due to diseases of the cardiovascular system (39%), whereas both septicemia and diseases of the respiratory system followed as a close second (37%). Overall, 10.94% patients died due to diseases of the central nervous system.

Conclusion:
The global burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, and it is necessary to have an improved understanding of its etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology to focus therapeutic and research efforts appropriately to reduce its effects on lives and economies.
Autoimmunity in South Indian Children with Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Naaraayan Sridevi A. , Dhakshayani Raghavan V. , Chandramohan Rema 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with autoimmunity and hence autoantibodies. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD) antibody in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was done in a government-run pediatric tertiary care center in South India from 2015 to 2017 and included 125 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Demographic and clinical data were captured and GAD antibody was detected by the ELISA technique and a titer of above 1.0 IU/mL was considered positive.

Results:
The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of GAD 65 antibody was found to be 79.2% (71%–86%). Glycated hemoglobin level was significantly higher in GAD negative when compared to GAD positive patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with high prevalence of autoantibodies in the current era.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Teens Belonging to a Social Media Group
Authors: Geethika Sai K. , Jalaja Ramesh , Amutha Anandakumar , Venkatesan U. , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit 
Published: March 2021

Aims:
To evaluate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on teens in a small WhatsApp group from Chennai.

Materials and Methods:
The study population comprised of teenagers, aged 12 to 20 years, who belong to a WhatsApp group. The questions were framed and developed based on the transitional impact scale which has high test–retest reliability. Through the WhatsAppgroup, the teens were informed about the survey. Those who were willing to participate were provided the website link to fill the questionnaire. Fisher's exact tests were used to assess differences in proportions wherever applicable.

Results:
Among the 320 participants, 16.7% of them were boys and 83.3% were girls, and the mean age of boys and girls was 16.2 ± 2.1years and 15.6 ± 1.8 years, respectively. More than 40% of teens expressed that they often felt stressed out. Teens of both the genders reported getting irritated by small normal things (34.1%), thought they were helpless (32.8%), sometimes they felt like a burden to people around them (27.8%), and 36.9% reported feeling lonely or left out often. Regarding usage of electronic devices, 47.7% of girls and 58.5% of boys were always on any one of the electronic devices like mobiles, tabs, laptops, television, etc. Similarly, more than 50% of the boys and 60% of the girls slept 6–8h during this pandemic situation.

Conclusion:
This study shows that this life-changing transitional event has made a massive impact on the daily routine of these teenagers. Parents, health care professionals, and educators have to make sure that the teens come to terms with the current realities of the situation and to make use of the government support programs.
Prevalence, knowledge, and risk factors of anemia among school-going adolescent girls in a rural community of Telangana
Authors: Reddy Arun Kiran Soodi , Lahari PLSS 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Since anemia is the most prevalent disorder in India, it got the significance to be studied and understood about. It is necessary to make people aware of the causes, the preventive measures, and the importance of nutritional supplements, proper diet required to prevent anemia.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to study prevalence, knowledge, and risk factors of anemia among school-going adolescent girls.

Materials and Methods:
This was a school-based cross-sectional study among 260 randomly selected adolescent school girls (10–19 years) from different private and government schools were included in the study. Study subjects were interviewed using a preformed and pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin was measured using hemoglobinometer.

Results:
Mean age was 12.64 ± 1.53 years. Only 10% knew about anemia. Only 20% opined that decrease in red blood cells causes anemia. Majority did not know which mineral deficiency causes anemia. Nearly 10% said that hemoglobin is measured to find anemia. Only one-fourth felt that heavy blood loss during menstruation can cause anemia. Nearly 50% felt that anemics have weakness, breathlessness, and are more prone to infectious diseases. Less than 10% of the study participants knew about iron-rich foods. Less than 5% knew that coffee, tea, and milk hamper iron absorption and Vitamin-C enhances. Half of them knew that anemia is a life-threatening condition in severe cases and may require blood transfusion. Only 20% knew about anemia prophylaxis program. There was no significant difference among different variables such as different age groups, religion, socioeconomic status, type of family, and diet. However, there was a significant difference among different categories of body mass index and anemia.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of anemia is higher (96.5%) among school-going adolescents in a rural community of Telangana. Overall, the knowledge levels are quite low.
Evaluation of the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of two aromatic plants used in the production of sweet wort and tchapalo, two artisanal beverages from Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Diarrassouba Dolourou , Aka Solange , Ouattara Karamoko , Bagre Issa , Zinzindorf Nanga Yesse , Dje Koffi Marcellin , Loukou Yao Guillaume 
Published: March 2021

The search for new antimicrobial molecules from natural sources is an opportunity to preserve food. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the leaves of Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) and the bark of Grewia venusta (Tilaceae), two aromatic plants used in the production of sweet must and tchapalo. Phytochemical screening from the aqueous, decocted and methanolic extracts of these plants was performed using standard colorimetric methods. Antimicrobial activity was also evaluated on 21 strains using the well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Bactericides were determined respectively by the liquid macro-dilution and agar plating methods. Results showed the presence of tannins, triterpenoids, cardiotonic glycosides and saponins in these extracts. All extracts were active on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 with inhibition diameters ranging from 10.33±1 to 20.3±1.5 mm. The methanolic extracts had the lowest MICs (12.5 mg/mL), with bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity on most of the microbial strains tested. These results confirm the antimicrobial activities of the phytochemical compounds of these plants that could play the role of stabilizer and preservative of sweet wort and tchapalo.
La recherche de nouvelles molécules antimicrobiennes à partir de sources naturelles est une opportunité pour conserver les aliments. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la composition phytochimique et les propriétés antimicrobiennes des feuilles de Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) et des écorces de Grewia venusta (Tilaceae), deux plantes aromatiques utilisées dans la production du moût sucré et du tchapalo. Le criblage phytochimiques à partir des extraits aqueux, décoctés et méthanoliques de ces plantes a été réalisé selon les méthodes standards de colorimétries. L’activité antimicrobienne a été également évaluée sur 21 souches en utilisant la méthode de diffusion en puits. Les Concentrations Minimales Inhibitrices (CMI) et Bactéricides ont été déterminées respectivement par les méthodes de macro-dilution en milieu liquide et ensemencement sur milieu gélosé. Les résultats ont montré la présence de tannins, de triterpénoïdes, de cardiotoniques glycosides et de saponines dans ces extraits. Tous les extraits ont été actifs sur Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 avec des diamètres d’inhibition allant de 10,33±1 à 20,3± 1,5 mm. Les extraits méthanoliques ont présenté les CMI les plus faibles (12,5 mg/mL), avec une activité bactéricide et/ou fongicide sur la plupart des souches microbiennes testées. Ces résultats confirment les activités antimicrobiennes des composés phytochimiques de ces plantes qui pourraient jouer le rôle de stabilisant et conservateur du moût sucré et du tchapalo.
Formation evaluation of the petrophysical properties of wells in e - field onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ilevbare M. , Omorogieva O.M. 
Published: March 2021

Integrated wireline logs and lithostratigraphic techniques were employed to determine the lithological and petrophysical properties of wells A and B in E- field, onshore Niger Delta. The Reservoirs in both wells were analyzed using a minimum thickness or depth of penetration of 5.0m. For the two wells, Gas Water Contact (GWC), Gas Oil Contact (GOC), and Oil Water Contact (OWC) were found to be present at varying formation depths. GWC, GOC, and OWC at depth of 2967.50m, 3348m and 2286m respectively for well A and a GOC at depth 1715m for well B. The correlation of both wells reveals a gas reservoir, water reservoir, and a non-resistive, but highlyconductive zone at 2450m, 2500m, and 2150m depth respectively. The formation porosity (∅𝑫), total porosity (∅𝑻), effective porosity (∅𝑬) and resistivity values of well A ranges from (27.27 - 39.59) %, (1.3x10 –1 - 37.82) %, ( 1.638x10– 4 – 81. 38)%, (2.05 - 150)Ωm respectively. Conversely, well B measured (27.27 - 36.50) %, (2.25x10–2 - 93.0) %, (9.75x10– 4 - 32.79) % and (2 – 200) Ωm respectively. Hydrocarbon saturation (SHC) and Bulk volume of Hydrocarbon (BVH) for well A ranges from (73.27-95.10)% and (24.24 - 34. 58)% while that of well B ranges from (77.10 - 97. 90)% and (23.36 - 35.53)% for SHC and BVH respectively. The average ∅𝑻 and ∅𝑬 of 56.2% and 42.6% reveal excellent porosities in well A and reservoirs 2,3,4a and 11 in well B with average ∅𝑻and ∅𝑬 of 37.82% and 30.6% also show an excellent porosities. The result from the Petrophysical indices indicates pay zones at reservoirs 10a, 10b and 11 in well A andreservoir 11 in well B which are predominantly gas reserves.
Keywords: Reservoirs, Onshore, Oil and Gas, Petrophysical properties, Niger Delta and Lithology
A distribution network design for fast-moving consumer goods
Authors: Okunade O.S. , Daodu S.A. 
Published: March 2021

A distribution network design of fast-moving consumer goods ensures distribution of products in an effective manner by giving maximum customers’ satisfaction and minimum distribution cost. The study evaluates the distribution through direct shipment and the use of intermediate shipment for distribution of products from plant to depots. A real-life case study in Southwestern Nigeria was defined and solved as a linear programming model to minimise total cost of distribution from plant to the depots with consideration of four routing options. The results show that distribution through intermediaries gives a better solution than routing option with direct shipment. The best routing option with intermediate points when compared with the routing option with direct shipment gives a savings of 1,819,490.00 Naira which translates to 13.46% cost savings. The study shows that the location of intermediaries is a key decision in distribution network design and that the intermediaries add value to the distribution networks in supply chain.
Keywords: Distribution network; Supply chain design; Fast-moving consumer goods; Linear programming
Coconut shell-based activated carbon as adsorbent for the removal of dye from aqueous solution: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Oribayo O. , Olaleye O.O. , Akinyanju A.S. , Omoloja K.O. , Williams S.O. 
Published: March 2021

The need to develop more efficient adsorbent, comparable to commercially available adsorbent, is attracting significant interest as promising adsorbent for waste water treatment. In this study, the potential of activated carbon prepared from waste coconut shell (CSAC) for the removal of methylene blue (Mb) from aqueous solution was reported. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of Mb on CSAC. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were employed to fit and analyze the adsorption equilibrium data. The result shows Langmuir isotherm model gave the best fit and an adsorption capacity of 320.5 mg/g was obtained for Mb at pH value of 7, 0.02 g adsorbent dosage and contact time of 4.5 hour. The experimental kinetic data at different initial Mb concentrations was also analyzed with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. The obtained results showed that the pseudo-second order model fits the adsorption kinetic data with R2 range of0.9985-0.9996. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption of Mb on CSAC was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This therefore suggests that (CSAC) is a viable adsorbent for effective removal of dye from wastewater effluent.
Keywords: Activated carbon, Adsorption isotherms, Coconut shells, Methylene blue, kinetics.