bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) extract on glutathione-S-transferase activity in rats
Authors: Nurkhasanah Laela Hayu Nurani , Hakim Zainur Rahman 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine the effect of rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) extract on glutathione-S-trasferase (GST) activity and its hepatoprotective effect.Methods: A total of 25 rats were divided randomly into 5 groups (5 rats per group). Group I served as the baseline, group II was the negative control group, while groups III, IV and V were treated with rosella extract at doses of 10, 50 and 100 mg /kg /day, respectively for 35 days. On day 36, the animals were given a single dose of dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) orally. After one week, blood was taken from the sinus orbitalis for measurement of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) activities by a kinetic method with DIasys® kit. The activity of GST was measured in liver homogenate using 1-choloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) method, while the expression of GST gene was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results: Treatment with rosella extract at 10, 50 and 100 mg /kg for 35 days led to significant increasesin GST activity relative to the control group. In addition, serum SGPT and SGOT activities were significantly decreased. There were significant increases in the expression of GST gene as evidenced by increased GST band intensity.Conclusion: These results indicate that rosella possesses significant hepatoprotective effect against hepatic injury caused by DMBA treatment. Thus, rosella may be useful for the prevention of oxidative stress caused by free radicals produced from pollutants and foods.Keywords: Hibiscus sabdariffa, Rosella, Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutathion-S-transferase (GST)
Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Heliotropium strigosum (Boraginaecae) whole plant extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Aslam Huma , Khan Arif-ullah , Rehman Najeeb-ur- , Ali Fawad , Nadeem Humaira , Shah Syed Majid 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate Heliotropium strigosum whole plant extract for its potential to reduce the blood glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic mice.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard procedures. Diabetes was induced in Balb/c mice by injecting alloxan (200 mg/kg i.p.). The crude methanol extract of Heliotropium strigosum (Hs.Cr, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg doses) was administered daily to alloxan-induced diabetic mice for 15 days and its effect on fasting blood glucose levels, body weight and oral glucose tolerancewas evaluated. Two control groups (non-diabetic control and diabetic control) received normal saline (0.2 ml). Metformin (500 mg/kg) was used as reference standard.Results: Heliotropium strigosum showed positive for the presence of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids. The extract (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) caused significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic mice on days 5, 10 and 15 compared to diabetic control (p < 0.001). In this regard, the anti-hyperglycemic effect compared to the reference (metformin). The extract also timedependently decreased the body weight of the treated animals as well as improved tolerance of the oral glucose overload.Conclusion: These results indicate that Heliotropium strigosum possesses anti-hyperglycemic effect, reduces body weight and enhances the tolerance of glucose overload in mice. Further studies are therefore required to determine its feasiilty as an alternate herbal medicine in the management of diabetes in humans.Keywords: Heliotropium strigosum, Anti-hyperglycemic, Alloxan-induced diabetic mice, Blood glucose, Oral glucose tolerance, Body weight
Development of a high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous analysis of theophylline, guaifenesin and diphenhydramine in an elixir
Authors: Hayun Yahdiana Harahap , Puspasari Maria O. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To develop and validate a new low-cost high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous analysis of theophylline (TH), guaifenesin (GF) and diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DH) in elixir dosage form.Methods: Chromatographic conditions were an isocratic elution with C18-Kromasil® column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), methanol-water (1:1, v/v, pH 3,0) as mobile phase, flow rate 1.0 ml/min and UV detector at λ 218 nm. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, LOD-LOQ, precision, and accuracy.Results: Retention time of TH, GF and DH was 3.3, 5.3 and 9.1 min, respectively. The method showed good selectivity, calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1.000 – 10.002 μg/mL, 0.801 – 8.008 μg/mL, and 0.251 – 2.514 μg/mL (r2 > 0.999). LOD was 0.1093, 0.16520, and 0.0706 μg/mL, while LOQ was 0.3645, 0.5506, and 0.2354 μg/mL for TH, GF and DH, respectively. Recovery accuracy was 99.77 - 101.10, 100.50 - 101.95 and 99.20 - 100.13 % for TH, GF and DH, respectively; precision (RSD) was < 2.0.Conclusion: The proposed method is highly selective, sensitive, precise, and accurate, and would suitable for the simultaneous analysis of TH, GF, and DH in elixir dosage form. Since methanol is cheaper than acetonitrile, the application of the method may reduce the cost of analysis.Keywords: Simultaneous analysis, Theophylline, Guaifenesin, Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Elixir
In-silico design of novel myocilin inhibitors for glaucoma therapy
Authors: Tang Min , Fu Yang , Fan Ying , Fu Ming-Shui , Zheng Zhi , Xu Xun 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To explore newer computational approaches in the design of novel myocilin inhibitors for the treatment of glaucoma.Methods: An in-silico virtual screening technique based on simulation of molecular docking was utilised to design a novel myocilin inhibitors for the treatment of glaucoma. The designed novel molecules were theoretically evaluated to predict their pharmacokinetic properties and toxic effects. Lead molecules were screened out in virtual screening technique on the basis of low binding energies obtained in AutoDock based molecular docking simulation.Results: Out of ten top lead compounds screened, ZINC01729523 and ZINC04692015 were promising, having shown potent inhibition of myocilin, good pharmacokinetic properties and absence of any toxic effects.Conclusion: In-silico virtual screening of molecular libraries containing a large number of ligands is very useful for short-listing of potential lead molecules for further structure-based discovery of antiglaucoma-drugs.Keywords: Glaucoma, Myocilin, Docking, Virtual-screening, Autodock, Ligand, Drug design
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of biological activities of manganese-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Shakeel Ahmad , Shahid Sammia , Bashir Waqas , Kanwal Sadia , Iqbal Ahsan 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To synthesize, characterize and investigate the antimicrobial properties of pure and manganese-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles.Method: Un-doped and manganese-doped zinc oxide (Mn-doped ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared using co-precipitation method. The synthesized Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic techniques. Their band gap energies were measured with ultraviolet-visible (UVVis) spectroscopy, while their antioxidant properties were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH radical-scavenging, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and total phenolic content (TPC) assays. The antimicrobial activities of the nanoparticles against different bacterial strains were determined using agar diffusion method.Result: Results from XRD, SEM, EDX and UV-Vis analyses demonstrated successful synthesis of undoped and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles as seen in their hexagonal, wurtzite structures. The un-doped and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles had average grain sizes of 16.72 nm and 17.5 nm, and band gap energies of 3.585 eV and 2.737 eV, respectively. Significant antibacterial activity was manifested by Mndoped ZnO against E. coli, S. aureus, Klebsiella and B. subtilis, with zones of inhibition (ZOIs) of 13 ± 0.09 mm, 14 ± 0.01 mm, 18 ± 0.07 mm and 20 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. The Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles also exhibited effective and significant antioxidant potential relative to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and un-doped ZnO nanoparticles.Conclusion: Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrate significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Thus, the preparation is a good candidate for further development into therapeutic formulations.Keywords: Mn-doped ZnO, Nanoparticles, Properties, Antioxidant, Antibacterial
Bacoside-A exerts protective effect against Parkinson’s disease-induced functional damage in mice via inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative response
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Shi Jiankuan , Chang Lei , Wang Hong , Wang Yaping , Li Minxia , Li Yuying , Song Yijun 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine the effect of bacoside-A on Parkinson's disease (PD) in a rat model, and elucidate its mechanism of action.Methods: A rat model of PD was established by administration of 5 µL of 6-hydroxydopamine in ascorbic acid (0.1 %). Measurement of serum levels of inflammatory factors was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Western blotting was used to assay Bax, cytochrome c and Bcl-2 in rat hippocampus.Results: Bacoside-A treatment significantly reduced PD-induced high turning values in rats (p < 0.05). Treatment with bacoside-A reversed PD-mediated suppression of serum activities of CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In bacoside-A-treated PD rats, dose-dependent suppression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities were observed (p < 0.05). Bacoside-A-treated PD rats significantly (p < 0.018) reduced interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels. Treatment of PD rats with bacoside-A effectively reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, NF-κB p65, (COX)-2 and p53 protein, and also reversed up-regulations of Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3 and caspase-9.Conclusion: Bacoside-A exhibits a protective effect against Parkinson disease-induced oxidative damage and neuronal degeneration in rats through downregulation of iNOS, AChE, inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic proteins. Therefore, bacoside-A has potentials for use in the management of Parkinson disease.
Keywords: Parkinson disease, Neuroprotective, Pro-apoptotic, Cytokines, Neurotoxicity
Effect of atorvastatin on spermatogenesis in rats: A stereological study
Authors: Akdeniz Ekrem , Onger Mehmet Emin , Bolat Mustafa Suat , Firat Fatih , Gur Metin , Cinar Onder , Bakirtas Mustafa , Acıkgoz Abdullah , Erdemir Fikret 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effects of oral atorvastatin on spermatogenesis in a rat model.Methods: Rats were equally assigned into control and study groups, the latter receiving atorvastatin (20 mg/kg/day). At the end of 12 weeks, spermatogenetic activity was evaluated using stereological and optical fractionator methods. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured using micro–ELISA kits. Total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also measured by enzymatic colorimetric assays.Results: Testicular stereological analysis revealed that atorvastatin reduced Sertoli cell numbers (p < 0.001), spermatogonia (p < 0.001), spermatocytes (p < 0.001), and seminiferous tubule diameters (p < 0.001). LDL – C (p = 0.01) and TG (p = 0.01) values were significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in FSH (p = 0.44), LH (p = 0.48),and TT (p = 0.06) levels between the groups.Conclusion: The findings show that atorvastatin causes deleterious effects on rat spermatogenesis. It should therefore be used with caution in clinical practice owing to its potential adverse effects, especially on male fertility.
Keywords: Statin, Atorvastatin, Spermatogenesis, Stereology, Testis
Effect of ganoderic acid on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer in mice
Authors: Sun Zhongwen , Sun Libo , Li Wenwen 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the hepatoprotective role of ganoderic acid A (GAA) on liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) via Nrf-2/HO-1/NF-κB signal pathway in mice.
Methods: Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) control group, (2) DEN (25 mg/kg) group, (3) GAA (20 mg/kg) + DEN group, (4) GAA (40 mg/kg) + DEN group. The protective effect of GAA on liver was evaluated by determining malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid- 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2), IκBα, p-IκBα, p65, p-p65, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in serum.
Results: The results demonstrate that GAA treatment significantly suppressed the generation of MDA, proinflammatory cytokines, and restored the activity of SOD in the serum of DEN-induced liver cancer in mice. Western blots analysis revealed that GAA significantly restored Nrf-2/HO-1/NF-κB signal pathwayrelated protein levels in DEN-induced mice liver cancer model.
Conclusion: This research reveals the anticancer activity of GAA in liver tissue, and suggests that GAA counters DEN-induced liver cancer through Nrf-2/HO-1/NF-κB signal pathway.
Keywords: Ganoderic acid A, Nrf-2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway, Liver cancer, MDA, GAPDH, SOD
Pharmacognostic, phytochemical, biological and spectroscopic analyses of Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew root and stem bark
Authors: Wazir Muhammad Asif , Azhar Muhammad Iqbal , Mehmood Zafar Alam , Qadir Muhammad Imran , Khan M. Younis , Siddique Faheem Ahmad , Shaheer Talal , Hussain Waqar , Abbas Khizar 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the pharmacognostic, phytochemical, biological and spectroscopic analyses of Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew root and stem bark.Methods: Plant material (root and stem bark) was collected, authenticated, shade-dried and extracted by maceration using methanol as a solvent separately. Powder microscopy was performed using a binocular microscope. Fluorescence, physico-chemical analysis and phytochemical screening for the presence of secondary metabolites were performed using standard methods. Brine shrimp lethalitybioassay was carried out using Artemia salina bioassay, while enzymatic modulatory study was performed by α-amylase inhibition assay. Microscopic analysis was carried out with scanning electron microscopy. Spectroscopic analysis was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Results: Powder microscopy showed the presence of different cellular structures. Various colors were observed under ultraviolet (UV) and ordinary light when treated with different reagents. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids but phenol and cardiac glycosides were absent from both extracts. The root bark of the plant showed significant brine shrimp lethality activity.Conclusion: Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew root and stem bark contain a variety of bioactive compounds that have medicinal and therapeutic potentials. Therefore, further investigations are required to elucidate their pharmacological properties.
Keywords: Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew, Phytochemical, Spectroscopy, α-Amylase
CD147 promotes melanoma cell growth via SOX4-mediated glycolytic metabolism
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Yang Pengfei , Jiang Yuan 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine the functional roles of cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) in glycolysis in melanoma cells.Methods: CD147 expression in melanoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue was determined using quantitative real time polymrase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell viability and colony formation, respectively. The role of CD147 in glycolysis in melanoma cells was investigated by determining glucose uptake, production of lactate, and cellular level of ATP.Results: CD147 was enhanced more in melanoma tissue than that in the adjacent normal tissue (p < 0.001). CD147 overexpression promoted the viability and colony formation of melanoma cells. On the other hand, CD147 silencing decreased the viability and colony formation of melanoma cells. Glucose uptake, production of lactate, and cellular level of ATP were upregulated in melanoma cells by CD147 overexpression and downregulated by shRNA-mediated depletion of CD147. CD147 increased expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) to activate the sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4 (SOX4) pathway. Knockdown of CXCL1 attenuated the positive regulatory effect of CD147 on SOX4. Besides, overexpression of SOX4 reversed the suppressive effects of CD147 silencing on melanoma cell viability, colony formation, and glycolysis.Conclusion: CD147 contributes to melanoma cell growth via upregulation of SOX-mediated glycolysis, thus providing a therapeutic avenue for the management of melanoma.
Keywords: Cluster of differentiation 147, CD147, Sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 4, Melanoma, Cell growth, Glycolysis
Upregulation of miR-195a inhibits brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mouse hippocampus and may contribute to depression-like behaviors induced by chronic social stress
Authors: Wen Xuping , Lin Mingshuan 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To explore the effect of miR-195a on nerve cells in the hippocampal region of depressionmodel mice.Methods: A chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model was used as a depressed mouse model. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice received CSDS treatment or miR-195a antagomir. Depression-like behaviors were evaluated. In vitro, the target relationship between miR-195a and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was validated by luciferase reporter assays in HEK-293 cells. In primary cortical neurons, expression levels of miR-195a and BDNF mRNA were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). BDNF protein expression was determined by western blotting.Results: The sucrose preference ratio and social contact of the CSDS group were significantly decreased, whereas the immobility time was significantly increased, compared with the control group (p< 0.05). Interestingly, the expression of miR-195a was upregulated in the CSDS group compared with control group (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay data indicate that miR195a bound the BDNF 3’ untranslated region. BDNF protein expression levels were significantly reduced by miR-195a mimic but increased by miR-195a inhibitor, compared with the negative control mimic group (p < 0.05). In vivo, miR-195a antagomir alleviated depression-like behaviors compared with CSDS group. In addition, miR-195a antagomir restored the expression of BDNF in mouse hippocampus in the CSDS group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: MiR-195a inhibitor ameliorates depression-like behaviors of depressed mice by downregulation of BDNF, whereas upregulation of miR-195a inhibits BDNF expression in mouse hippocampus and may contribute to depression.
Keywords: Chronic social defeat stress, Depression, MiR-195, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF
Betulinic acid inhibits glioma cell viability by downregulation of NF-κB and enhancement of apoptosis
Authors: Yaozu Zhu , Liu Yang , Zhao Huang , Peng Peng , Tingbao Zhang , Jincao Chen 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To determine the inhibitory potential of betulinic acid on pro-survival signaling pathway in glioblastoma.Methods: Changes in viabilities of glioma cells and primary astrocytes were measured using 3-(4, 5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptotic changes were analyzed using Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI kits. Western blotting was used for assaying the protein expressions of various pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors.Results: The proliferative potential of U87MG and A172 cells were significantly reduced on treatment with betulinic acid in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with betulinic acid at a dose of 8.75 µg/mL increased apoptosis in U87MG and A172 cells to 41.8 ± 0.5 and 48.8 ± 0.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). Betulinic acid significantly decreased intracellular levels of NFκB p65 andsuppressed levels of survivin, XIAP and Bcl-2 in U87MG and A172 cells (p < 0.05). However, betulinic acid significantly increased the levels of Bax and activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in U87MG and A172 cells (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Betulinic acid inhibited the proliferation of U87MG and A172 glioblastoma cells and mediated their apoptosis. There is need for in vivo studies for validation of the therapeutic potential of betulinic acid as an anti-glioblastoma drug.
Keywords: Glioblastoma, Betulinic acid, Proliferation, Apoptosis, Chemotherapy, Intracranial malignancy
A correlational study on physical and mental status of lived experience of hospitalised COVID-19 patient
Authors: Kadu Amit , Karandikar Dr. Neeraj J. , Bhattacharya Smt. Chanu 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Some of the public health measures necessary to contain the spread of the pandemic, such as quarantines and social distancing, increase the risk of adverse psychological consequences. A recent review revealed that these risks are greater with longer quarantine periods, when there are infection fears, frustration, boredom, inadequate supplies, inadequate information, and financial loss. COVID-19 pandemic to have disproportionately adverse impacts on mental health of hospitalized groups. COVID-19 is a disease, impact physically but it has been affecting much more the mental health of patient. Aim & Objectives: To Assessment of physical status and mental status of patient during hospitalization and the correlation. To find out the relationship between selected socio-demographic status Age, gender, race, ethnicity, employment, insurance, education, marital status, psychiatric therapies, health literacy, social support, financial distress with the level of mental status. Methods: A cross sectional study with one centre data, collected with selected criteria. Fifty participants were selected for collection of livid experience expressed in local language. Study approach was mix method and Qual-quan design. Assessed by experts and evaluators. Quantitative data collected with checklist and socio demographics detail were collected from patient. Results: Result showed Qualitative themes clearly showed the mental state of patient like “I will die”. Quantitatively Physical status is significantly corelated with mental status, there is a significant statistical co-dependency assessed by Pearson’s product moment test. Socio-demographic data age as chai square value physical status (4.54) as mental status (4.59), marital status (5.25) and social support (4.87) is significantly associated with mental status, test done in 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: Though one centre data is a limitation of the study still it can be visible that COVID -19 patients need mental healing or therapy parallelly with medicines. The mental symptoms should not be secondary cure it must be primary for healing of body.