bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CLIMATE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Веселова Дарья Николаевна 
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается современная климатическая политика Российской Федерации по двум направлениям: смягчение антропогенного воздействия на климат и адаптация к изменениям климата. Проведен анализ национального законодательства по вопросам климатических изменений.
The article examines the modern climate policy of the Russian Federation in two directions: a mitigation of anthropogenic impact on climate and an adaptation to climate change. The analysis of national legislation on climate change done.
STUDY OF THE ACTIVITY OF ALPHA AND BETA RHYTHMS ON EGG IN THE PROCESS OF MEMORIZATION WITH THE USAGE OF THE LOCI METHOD
Authors: Барханская Валентина Ивановна , Мхитарян Ксения Эдуардовна 
Published: July 2021

Пространственная память в когнитивной психологии и нейробилогии понимается, как определенная часть памяти ответственная за накопление информации о местоположении [1, 2].Наше исследование направлено на изучение активности коры головного мозга с обычным запоминанием и с методом Loci среди студентов. Данная статья представляет изменение активности альфаритма коры в зависимости от метода запоминания.
Spatial memory is a certain part of the mind that is responsible for the accumulation of data about the location ofcognitive psychology and neurobiology[1, 2]. The purpose of our research is to study the activity of the cerebral cortex with ordinary memory and with the Loci method among students. This article presents the modification in the alpha and beta rhythms activity of thecortex which depends on the method of memorization.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE APPENDIX FOR CHECKING RESIDUAL KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS
Authors: Белякова Анна Юрьевна , Самохвалова Алена Алексеевна 
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается определение остаточных знаний студентов. Для более эффективной и качественной оценки знаний по дисциплинам профессионального блока у студентов направления 09.03.03 - Прикладная информатика предлагается автоматизировать данный процесс.
The article discusses the definition of residual knowledge of students. For a more efficient and high-quality assessment of knowledge in the disciplines of the professional block among students of the direction 09.03.03 - Applied Informatics, it is proposed to automate this process.
Comparison of the Outcome of Drain Vs Pressure Dressing in Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Faridoon Shehla , Shah Muhammad , Iftikhar Muhammad , Ahmad Siddique , Aslam Rashid , Hadi Ainul , Alam Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of drain vs. pressure in ventral hernia repair.
METHODOLOGY:
A cross sectional comparative study conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar from January 2018 till December 2019. One twenty six patients both male and female were admitted as elective cases through OPD and were divided into “A” and “B” groups. Experienced surgeons of the unit performed all surgeries. Postoperative pain, seroma/hematoma formation, wound infection and hospital stay was noted in both groups.
RESULTS:
Out of 126 patients, 32 (25.3%) were males while 94 (74.6%) were females with male to female ratio of 1:3. All types of hernia were more common in the age range of 31-50 years. The common complications in both groups were seroma/hematoma formation (7.1%) and wound infection (6.3%). Mean hospital stay was 2-4 days.
CONCLUSION:
Mesh repair is the standard procedure for ventral hernia repair. Postoperative complications are comparatively lesser in pressure dressing than those with drain placement group.
Visual Outcome of Ocular Trauma in Patients Managed at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Tariq Muhammad , Shah Shafqat Ali , Ali Ammad , Ali Saad , Ayub Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the visual outcome of ocular trauma in patients admitted in the ophthalmology unit.
METHODOLOGY:
This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted after approval of ethical committee, from June 2017 till June 2019 at Ophthalmology Department, Medical Teaching Institution, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan (MTI-MMC). A total of 501 patients of either gender having ocular trauma were enrolled in study. Following informed written consent, detailed history, ocular examination and investigations the surgical procedure was carried out. A pre-designed proforma was used to record the outcome along with demographics and type of trauma, which was analyzed using SPSS V-24.0.
RESULTS:
In a total of 501 patients the mean age of sample was 30.5±2.2. Among 501, males were 408 (81.44%) and female were 93 (18.56%) with ratio of 9:1. Ocular trauma was more common in age of <15 year with 174 (34.73%) patients. Professional injuries were more common and observed in 306 (61%) patients as compared to non-professional injuries in 195 (38%). Penetrating trauma occurred in 276 (55.08%) patients, which was higher than blunt 144 (28.74%) and perforating trauma 81 (16.16%). Good visual outcome was observed in 308 (61.47%), poor in 172 (34.33%) and blindness in 21 (4.1%) patients.
CONCLUSION:
The study concludes a better visual outcome for ocular traumas after surgical procedures. Young males were found to be more prone for traumatic injuries, in which professional and penetrating trauma leads the chart.
Self-Esteem as a Predictor of Psychological Adjustment to Limb Loss: A Case Study of Acquired Limb Amputation
Authors: Ali Shaista , Waqar Muhammad , Anwar Musarrat , Zahid Muhammad , Sattar Abdul , Arif Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the psychological issues following acquired limb amputation and examine the significance of positive self-esteem in the psychological adjustment of amputation.
METHODOLOGY:
This case study was conducted in the surgical and orthopedic units of different government and private hospitals of Peshawar district. The study includes a sample of 100 acquired limb amputees,both adult males and females admitted in different hospitals of Peshawar. Patients with congenital limb loss or with preexisting psychological issues were excluded from the study. Psychological adjustment scale developed by Sabir (1999) and Self-Esteem scale developed by Rifai’s (1999) was used to determine the amputee’s level of psychological adjustment and self-esteem.
RESULTS:
Results revealed that amputation leads to number of psychological issues. It was found that males had lowered self-esteem and severe adjustment issues then females while young amputees exhibit greater signs of maladjustment as compared to older amputees. Regression analysis for selfesteem predicting psychological adjustment also displayed pronounced differences in the level of psychological adjustment due changing level of self-esteem. The model suggested a strong positive relation between self-esteem and psychological adjustment (r=0.880, B=0.867, t=18.37, p<.001) and 77.5% of the variance in the dependent variable (psychological adjustment) was caused by predictor variable i.e. self-esteem (R2=0.775, F (98)=337.6, p<.001).
CONCLUSION:
Amputation badly disturbs the psychological state of an amputee and an amputee’s self-esteem is an important coping tool and has a direct relation with better psychological adjustment to limb loss.
Klinisyen Hemşirelerde COVID-19 Korkusu ve Mesleğe Bağlılık Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇAYIR YILMAZ Merve , UYSAL Neşe 
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma, klinisyen hemşirelerdeki COVID-19 korkusunu ve mesleğe bağlılık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma Türkiye genelinde çalışan 86 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma verileri online ortamda, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ve Hemşirelikte Mesleğe Bağlılık Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis testi, bağımsız t testi, tek tönlü varyans analizi, Pearson ve Spearman Korelasyon analizleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Klinisyen hemşirelerde COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği puan ortalaması 20.01±6.91, Hemşirelikte Mesleğe Bağlılık Ölçeği puan ortalaması 68.02±12.88 olarak bulunmuştur. COVID-19 korku düzeyinin kadınlarda anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Mesleğe bağlılığın alt boyutlarından “Çaba Gösterme İstekliliği”’nin kadınlarda ve çocuk sahibi olanlarda, mesleğe bağlılık toplam puanlarının ise çocuk sahibi olanlarda anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p0.05). COVID-19 korkusu ölçeği puan ortalaması ile “Çaba Gösterme İstekliliği” puan ortalaması arasında pozitif yönlü zayıf bir ilişki olduğu (p0.05).
Sonuç: Klinisyen hemşirelerdeki COVID-19 korkusu ve mesleğe bağlılığın orta düzeyde olduğu, COVID-19 korkusunun mesleğe bağlılığı etkilemediği saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin pandemi sürecinde yaşadıkları korku ve diğer psikolojik sorunların, mesleğe bağlılığa etkisini belirlemeye yönelik daha büyük gruplarda çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir.
GEBELERDE PRENATAL BAĞLANMA VE DURUMLUK ANKSİYETE DÜZEYİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Begüm 
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma gebelerde prenatal bağlanma ve durumluk anksiyete düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Sivas Numune Hastanesi Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran 20 hafta ve üzeri gebe kadınlar ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın örneklemini, örnekleme alınma kriterlerine uygun 267 gebeyle oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri (PBE) ve Durumluk Kaygı Ölçeği (DKÖ) ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Gebelerin PBE puan ortalaması 63.98±9.57 olduğu belirlenmiştir. 17-26 yaş grubunda bulunan (p=0.035), eğitim durumu lise ve üstü olan (p=0.010), il ve ilçede yaşayan (p=0.007), çekirdek aile tipine sahip (p=0.002), evlilik süresi 0-5 yıl arasında olan (p=0.004), 35-39 gebelik haftasında (p=0.015) ve primigravida olan (p=0.001), yaşayan çocuğu olmayan (p=0.001), fetüsle dokunarak ve konuşarak iletişim kuran (p=0.001) gebelerin prenatal bağlanmalarının yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p0.05). Anksiyete düzeyi düşük olan gebelerin Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri puan ortalamaları 65.17±9.18, orta düzeyde anksiyete yaşayan gebelerin Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri puan ortalamaları 62.10±9.73, yüksek düzeyde anksiyete yaşayan gebelerin Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri puan ortalamaları 63.46±9.93 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gebelerin anksiyete düzeyine göre Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri puan ortalaması incelenmiş ve istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulunmuştur (r = -0.092 p=0.133).
Sonuç: Çalışmaya katılan gebelerin prenatal dönemde yaşadığı anksiyetenin anne ve fetüs arasındaki bağlanmayı etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.
Intermittency and q-Gaussian Distributions in the Magnetic Field of the Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM) Observed by Voyager 1 and Voyager 2
Authors: Burlaga L. F. , Ness N. F. , Berdichevsky D. B. , Jian L. K. , Park J. , Szabo A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Voyager 1 (V1) observed q-Gaussian distributions of 1 hr increments of the components the magnetic field

throughout the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) on scales on the order of 1 year, from 2013 through 2019, excluding the disturbed regions near two shocks. The intermittency of the components of B is described by q from the q-Gaussian distributions of 1 hr increments B as well as by the kurtosis K derived from the time series of the increments of

. Farther than ∼5 au from the heliopause, Voyager 1 observed larger intermittency in the fluctuations of the predominantly transverse component B
N and in the nearly longitudinal component B
T of

. The average values of q for the B
N component and transverse B
T component for these data in the VLISM are q = 1.32 ± 0.03 and q = 1.22 ± 0.03, respectively. The corresponding average values of the kurtosis are K = 7.2 and K = 4.9. Voyager 2 (V2) crossed the heliopause on 2018 November 5. Near the heliopause, in 2019, V2 observed large intermittency in 1 hr increments of the compressive component B
T and smaller intermittency in B
N. The Voyager 2 observations give q = 1.51 ± 0.06 and q = 1.17 ± 0.06 for the B
N and B
T components of B, respectively, as well as K = 7.2 and K = 12.3, respectively. The intermittency in B
T and B
N, observed by V2 near the heliopause was significantly larger than that observed by V1 when it was near the heliopause.
Measurements of Coronal Magnetic Field Strengths in Solar Active Region Loops
Authors: Brooks David H. , Warren Harry P. , Landi Enrico 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The characteristic electron densities, temperatures, and thermal distributions of 1 MK active region loops are now fairly well established, but their coronal magnetic field strengths remain undetermined. Here we present measurements from a sample of coronal loops observed by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode. We use a recently developed diagnostic technique that involves atomic radiation modeling of the contribution of a magnetically induced transition to the Fe x 257.262 Å spectral line intensity. We find coronal magnetic field strengths in the range of 60–150 G. We discuss some aspects of these new results in the context of previous measurements using different spectropolarimetric techniques, and their influence on the derived Alfvén speeds and plasma β in coronal loops.
An Observational Study of Different Treatment Practices for Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Kumari Archana , Surve Abhidnya , Azad Shorya Vardhan , Chawla Rohan , Chandra Parijat , Thukral Anu , Vohra Rajpal , Kumar Atul 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate risk factors and outcomes of preferred practice for infants with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) at a tertiary eye center in India.

Methods:
This was an observational study of infants with APROP where patients were divided into three groups after 2 weeks of initial treatment depending on the treatment received: anti-VEGF only, laser only, and combination of anti-VEGF injection followed by laser within 2 weeks of anti-VEGF injection (combined group). All infants were evaluated for risk factors and followed up at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks to determine treatment outcomes in terms of regression, vascular re-growth, progression, and recurrence of the disease.

Results:

Sixty eyes of 31 infants were included in the study, with 26 eyes in the anti-VEGF only group, 19 eyes in the laser-only group, and 15 eyes in the combined group. Infants in the combined group presented late with lower birth weight (BW), smaller gestational age (GA), and a history of longer duration of ventilatory support. After 3 months of follow-up, regression occurred in 73.08% in the anti-VEGF only group, 89.5% in the laser-only group, and 86.66% in the combined group (
P
= .07). Zone of vascularization was greater in the anti-VEGF only group and the combined group compared to the laser-only group. Disease recurrence was seen in 27% in the anti-VEGF group, none in the laser-only group, and 13.33% in the combined group (
P
< .001). However, progression to stage 4 ROP requiring surgery was noted in 2 eyes in the laser-only group.

Conclusions:
Infants with APROP who have a lower GA or BW or require longer ventilatory support are possibly a subset best suited for planned combination therapy. A combination of anti-VEGF therapy followed by laser treatment within 2 weeks allows for early regression, a stable course, lower recurrence, and a larger area of retinal vascularization.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(6):370–376.]
Comparison of Two Photoscreeners in a Population of Syrian Refugee Children
Authors: Gorham John P. , Behshad Soroosh , Weil Natalie C. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate children in the Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan to better understand the prevalence of ocular pathology and to compare two photoscreening devices to evaluate their utility.

Methods:
Families at the Syrian American Medical Society Clinic were offered vision screening for children aged 1 to 18 years. Participants were offered visual acuity measurement and photoscreening with two devices approved for use in the United States. If visual acuity in either eye was worse than 20/40 or either photoscreening device indicated possible pathology, a complete eye examination was performed with cycloplegic refraction and dilated examination.

Results:
Ninety-one participants completed the screening protocol. The average age of participants who completed the study was 7.8 years (range: 1 to 16 years). Twenty-eight participants (30.8%) failed at least one screening component. In this population, the following pathology was identified: astigmatism (12.1%), esotropia (9.9%), amblyopia (9.9%), hyperopia (7.7%), exotropia (3.3%), and myopia (1.1%). The Plusoptix vision screener (Plusoptix) had a sensitivity of 100% for the identification of amblyopia and 85% specificity. The GoCheck Kids application (Gobiquity) had a sensitivity of 66.67% for the identification of amblyopia and 94% specificity. The positive predictive value for the Plusoptix vision screener and the GoCheck Kids application for the detection of amblyopia risk factors was 77% for both.

Conclusions:
The high rate of ophthalmic pathology identified in this study reinforces the urgent need for proper vision screening and intervention in this population.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(6):396–400.]
Sutureless Scleral-Fixated Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Treatment of Congenital Lens Subluxation Related to Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Bulut Muhammed Nurullah , Göktaş Eren , Karadağ Erdi , Bulut Kezban , Oral Ayşe Yeşim , Şimşek Şaban 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bimanual capsulorhexis combined with sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children diagnosed as having Marfan syndrome.

Methods:
The study included 14 eyes with subluxated lenses of 7 children who were diagnosed as having Marfan syndrome and underwent bimanual capsulorhexis combined with sutureless scleral-fixated IOL implantation by the same surgeon between 2015 and 2019 at the University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital's Eye Department.

Results:

The mean preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 1.47 ± 0.41 and 0.42 ± 0.15 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), respectively (
P
= .001). The preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 1.30 to 0.40 logMAR with a mean value of 0.81 ± 0.30 logMAR. Postoperatively, all patients had an increase in the BCVA with a mean value of 0.20 ± 0.11 logMAR, which was statistically significant (
P
= .001). The mean preoperative and postoperative spherical equivalent was −9.69 ± 4.59 and −0.27 ± 1.21 diopters, respectively.

Conclusions:
Despite the small number of patients in this study, good visual results and a low complication rate were obtained in patients with ectopic lens. The long-term IOL status in patients who have undergone sutureless scleral-fixated IOL implantation will make it possible to better evaluate the safety and applicability of the technique.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(6):401–406.]
Campaña contra la bidʿa conyugal en el norte de Marruecos durante el siglo XVI
Authors: Shinoda Tomoaki 
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo es una investigación sobre la campaña librada por los eruditos islámicos afiliados a la orden sufí Shādhiliyya-Jazūliyya entre las tribus en la región montañosa del norte de Marruecos en el siglo XVI. Se examina específicamente la campaña de estos eruditos contra bidʿa en las montañas, con un enfoque en sus ataques contra las prácticas tradicionales relacionadas con el matrimonio y la vida conyugal que consideraban religiosa y moralmente aberrante. La fuente primaria discutida aquí es una guía para el matrimonio, titulada Etiqueta de marido y mujer, que contiene diversas doctrinas legales, fatwās, anécdotas, y otros relatos. Basándose en este documento, examinamos el trasfondo ideológico de estos eruditos, los métodos que usaban y los tipos de prácticas que censuraban. Esta campaña tuvo como objetivo realzar la estricta segregación sexual mediante el uso de la autoridad religiosa de los maestros sufíes y ḏikr para vencer la resistencia de las tribus quienes habían permitido que hombres y mujeres se mezclarán públicamente entre sí. También exigió una estructura jerárquica de la educación religiosa, con la familia como base para la islamización de las normas jurídicas en la sociedad tribal. Este trabajo considera que no se siguieron rigurosamente los dictados de los eruditos porque eran incompatibles con el modo de vida en esta región. Parece probable que los líderes de la campaña apoyaron la causa de los Saʿdids porque habían esperado que su actividad procedería mejor bajo un nuevo régimen con un gobierno más eficaz y con mejor control sobre la sociedad.
Implementation of Adolescent Health Programs at Public Schools and Religion-Based Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Muthmainnah  , Nurmala Ira , Siswantara Pulung , Rachmayanti Riris Diana , Devi Yuli Puspita 
Published: July 2021

Background Adolescents are a vulnerable group who have great curiosity and need access to various adolescent health information. Therefore, the government has implemented a strategy through the implementation of Youth Care Health Services (YCHS). However, some of the stakeholders and youth have limited access to YCHS especially the ones delivered in schools setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of adolescent health programs in schools especially public schools and religion-based schools. Design and methods This study was an analytic observational quantitative study by using a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in public schools and religion-based schools in North Surabaya Indonesia. The sample in this study consisted of 100 students through a simple random sampling technique. Results There was a difference in the level of knowledge of adolescent reproductive health between public schools and religion- based schools (p=0.047). Student's attitudes (p=0.000) and environmental influences (p=0.000) both related with reproductive health contents. However, there was no difference in adolescent's attitudes about adolescent reproductive health programs (p=0.90) and adolescent's exposure to adolescent reproductive health policies (p=0.196). Conclusion The implementation of adolescent health programs in two types of schools (public and religion-based) were different. Adolescents should have the same rights to obtain knowledge about adolescent health as the prelude for forming a positive attitude. Therefore, stakeholders need to conduct regular monitoring and evaluation on the implementation of standardized adolescent health programs in all types of schools.