bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Residents in the Area of a Cement Plant in Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Rau Jagadish , Sanmargaraja Shalini , Lun Loh Ming , Ponniah Vignes , Kanniyapan Gunavathy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, concrete is used extensively in construction. The cement factory must generate massive amounts of cement each year in order to deliver enough concrete. Carbon dioxide emitted during the cement manufacturing and raw materials transportation processes contributes to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, deteriorating air and water quality and posing health risks to residents. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide absorption on local residents and their buildings. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to determine the influence of carbon dioxide absorption on local residents’ health as well as the consequences on structures. A total of 375 questionnaires were distributed throughout the Perak cities of Kampar, Malim Nawar, and Kota Bharu. This research were conducted in Malaysia in 2019. It was decided to adopt convenience sampling. This paper’s findings are separated into two (2) sections: effects on local residents’ health, structures, and environment. According to the Pearson Correlation data, there are several dead cases, as well as locals suffering from cancer and other respiratory problems. The concrete, timber, and metal frames, as well as other faults on the door and windows, have all deteriorated significantly. To preserve human health and the environment, the government should tighten the rule on pollution discharge compliance, and all plant owners should be accountable for building a buffer zone and installing industrial air filters surrounding their factories.
Development of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Simulation of Flow and Contaminant Transport on Natural Urban Terrain and Streams
Authors: Lye Xin Yan , Nakayama Akihiko , Nizamani Zafarullah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is proposed, as an alternative mesh-free approach to model all components of rainfall, surface runoff, fluid flow and contaminant transport with the representation of contaminant and fluid, as particles. By doing so, contaminant particles can be traced for the motion within runoff or fluid flow, even in the form of minute concentration which is difficult to render in conventional Eulerian grid methods. Weakly compressible SPH (WCSPH) is selected with cubic spline kernel, and the incorporation of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) representing turbulence effect. Various SPH diffusion formulations have been reviewed and selected. The selected SPH formulation for contaminant concentration is validated against analytical diffusion equation with boundary conditions of solid wall or free surface. The validated method is applied to calculate the overland flow and the contaminant transport on a model terrain and a real terrain geometry. The real terrain is a part of the city of Teluk Intan in Perak, Malaysia and is simulated using digital elevation model (DEM) data retrieved from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Water Body Dataset (ASTWBD) for ground elevation and channel surface.
Investigation and comparison of pulsed laser deposited binary ZnO/MoO3 and ZnO/TiO2 thin films as gate dielectric sensing membranes for pH-ISFET application
Authors: Cyril Robinson Azariah J. , Bhaskar Rao Y. , Adarsh Rag S. , Rajesh S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The research work aims to investigate and compare the pulsed laser deposited binary ZnO/MoO3 and ZnO/TiO2 thin films as gate dielectric insulator sensing membranes for pH-ISFET application. The thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition as deposited temperature and deposited at 923 K. The films were characterized using SEM, XRD and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. For the statistical analysis, the sample sizes were calculated with a pretest power of 80% and an error rate of 0.05. The capacitance of the pulsed laser deposited thin films of the binary ZnO/MoO3 and ZnO/TiO2 as gate dielectric insulator sensing membranes were compared with a total sample size of 122. The SEM results shows the uniform arrangement of the nanostructures. The XRD reveals the amorphous nature of both the thin films. The experimental results obtained for the binary ZnO/MoO3 and ZnO/TiO2 provided stack capacitance with a significance value of 0.0001 (p less than 0.05). Pulsed laser deposited binary ZnO/TiO2 thin films as gate dielectric insulator sensing membranes for pH-ISFET application shows significantly better than binary ZnO/MoO3.
Enhancing the sensitivity of a BIOFET by varying the oxide thickness and nanowire length for water sensing application
Authors: Yakkala Bhaskarrao , Azariah Cyril Robinson , Narendran S , Sivagami A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

BIOFET is a device which changes the electrostatic potential due to binding of an analyte. Nanotechnology plays a vital role in Biosensor field-effect transistor (BIOFET) by incorporating the Nanowire in the structure. The aim of the project is to improve the sensitivity of a BIOFET by varying the oxide thickness, nanowire length and radius. The sensitivity and Debye length was calculated. The obtained results were analysed and compared by using the SPSS tool.
An Empirical Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Choice of Mode for Transportation in Higher Education Institution using Analytic Hierarchy Process Model
Authors: Karunanithy Degeras D , Suliman Khairul Rizuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A sustainable atmosphere is crucial in developing a conducive environment for excellent education. Mode of transport to be utilized for travelling within the campus vicinity is becoming a critical element to support the conducive environment. Majority of current research have evaluated mode of transport in other areas but very limited studies have been made within the higher education institutions context. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the factors that influences the choice for transportation modes in University campus. The six criteria’s that are considered in this study are distance, cost, travel time, accessibility, reliability and safety. An empirical method is used to evaluate the student’s perception towards the different mode of transport available in the University. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted in determining the relative weights and priorities of the criteria. The model is based on 150 students in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Kampar campus) where questionnaires are used to perceive their opinion towards their choice of modes of transportation. The result will provide an important insight for the planner in making decision where AHP method can be used as an applicable tool in accessing and evaluating the choice of mode and ultimately assist the University to become more sustainable.
Water Absorption of Incorporating Sustainable Quarry Dust in Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Dyg Siti Quraisyah A A , Kartini K , Hamidah M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In construction industry nowadays, self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a concrete technology innovation which gives more benefits over conventional concrete. SCC was invented to improve concrete durability without using any vibrator while placing it into formwork. In order to conserve natural sand, quarry dust (QD) as a waste and sustainable material has been incorporated to replace fine aggregate in SCC. In this study, conventional concrete and quarry dust in self-compacting concrete (QDSCC) mixes consist of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% QD were prepared. The workability test was conducted to determine the performance of fresh concrete and ensuring all the QDSCC properties follow the acceptance criteria for SCC. Meanwhile, the hardened concrete specimens were water cured for 7, 28 and 60 days to conduct water absorption test. This research aim is to determine water absorption of incorporating sustainable QDSCC. Thus, it resulted that 50% of QDSCC has achieved the lowest water absorption of QDSCC as compared to other dosages. Finally, sustainability in concrete technology can be promoted by incorporating QDSCC.
Effect of Calcination on Shell Powder Catalyst Towards Effectiveness on Catalysing Transesterification of Crude Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate
Authors: Liew Janice Sheow Tung , Leong Siew Yong , Lo Po Kim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Valorisation of crude glycerol has gained much interest in the industry associated with the surplus of crude glycerol caused by the increase usage of biodiesel. Transesterification of crude glycerol using a heterogenous base catalyst is one of the effective ways to utilize the additional glycerol. Seawater clams commonly serve as a food source to us and the waste shells are a source of calcium carbonate that is abundantly available and can be converted into a heterogenous base catalyst for the transesterification process. Therefore, this study focuses on the utilization of catalyst synthesized from a species of seawater clam, Paratapes Undulatus in a transesterification reaction using crude glycerol (C.GLY) as a reactant together with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to synthesize glycerol carbonate (GLYC). The catalysts are characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Particle Size Analyser (PSA). The product is characterized using Gas Chromatography (GC-FID). The performance of the synthesized shell catalyst with different calcination condition was studied. The reaction using the calcined shell catalyst is carried out at 75°C, molar ratio of 2 and 2wt% of catalyst for 1 hour. The catalyst that has the best performance is the shell catalyst that is calcined for 3h, which give the yield of 54.16%.
Combined Artificial Intelligence and Fuzzy logic Model for the process of groundwater treatment for irrigation and drinking purposes using filtration and other membrane process
Authors: Narendran S , Yakkala Bhaskar Rao , Cyril Robinson Azariah J , Sivagami A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The process of water purification or water filtration takes several stage approaches. In which, the membrane model process is an important role in filtration. This research work is done by considering double filtration method for filtration process and it is modelled by clustering of Artificial Neural Network and multiple linear regression approach. In this research work, ten different physical parameters and chemical parameters for designing our model. The measurement of groundwater quality for both irrigation and drinking water is a complex process due to various factors such as geology, hydrogeology, biology, etc. With the help of Neural network and fuzzy logic systems approach, we have studied the quality of water in various part of south India. For the process of double filtration process, we have taken rapid sand filter followed by slow sand filter. For the membrane process of water treatment, the membrane chosen for the research are reverse osmosis, microfiltration and nanofiltration.
Sediment Transport and Associated Long-term Bathymetric Changes due to Tidal Currents in The Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Authors: Ubara Motoki , Uchiyama Yusuke , Kosako Taichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe topography of the seafloor is essential for determining physical phenomena such as ocean currents, favorable habitats for marine organisms, optimal vessel navigation, and so on. Prevailing currents and waves, as well as associated shear stresses acting on the ocean floor, are responsible for the formation of typical topographic features including sea caldrons and sandbanks through erosion of bedrock and sediments and their deposition processes. In the Seto Inland Sea (SIS), the most extensive semi-enclosed estuary in Japan, tidal currents affect pronouncedly the formation of seafloor topographic features; however, they have not been fully studied, particularly from a hydrodynamic viewpoint. This study aims to understand bathymetric formation under the predominance of tidal currents in the SIS. A 3-D high-resolution SIS circulation model based on the JCOPE2-ROMS system in a triple-nested configuration was utilized to examine the detailed hydrodynamic processes for the topography formations. A high correlation between the bottom shear stress and the scour depth of the erosive areas was observed, demonstrating that local tidal forcing has continuously been exerted on the seafloor to erode. A diagnostic sediment budget analysis was then conducted for sediments typical of the SIS, that is, gravel, sand, and clay, using the modeled circulation field. The horizontal divergence of the residual flows indicates consistency between divergence (convergence) and erosion (deposition). The sediment budget model also shows that these sediments are generally transported from deep to shallow areas in eroded terrains to form deposited terrains fringing the eroded terrains, whereas sedimentation tendency differs largely from location to location.
Increasing Effectiveness of The Urban Artificial Reservoir Trough Cross Section Improvement
Authors: Arbaningrum Rizka , Dianty Marelianda Al , Putuhena Frederik Josef , Priyambodo Rifki , Ontowirjo Budianto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Situ Ciledug is an artificial reservoir located at Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. In 1950 known as one of the largest lakes with total area of 32.806 hectares. As time goes by, due to the construction of housing and land use around the area, the catcahment area was reduced about 19.3 hectares in 2013 and by the end of 2020 the surface area was become 16.2 hectares. Urbanization is the main factor that makes the area of Situ Ciledug’s narrower. The second impact was flooding, as a result, the flood inundates the cities around the reservoir. This study aims to increase the storage capacities by normalizing the reservoir using SWMM 5.1 software. Hydrological analysis was carried out in the first stage to find the maximum rainfall using a 100-year return period. Then result intensity of rainfall used to analyze the hyetograph as input for rainfall data in SWMM 5.1. The modeling uses a maximum of rainfall about 107 mm with a reservoir depth of 1.3 meters. The large inflow that enters the reservoir is 87.504 m3/second aand the volume is 30.145 m3/second. Therefore, it is necessary to normalize the reservoir by increasing the depth of the reservoir by 0.7 meters. Normalization is carried out to accommodate flood discharge as a solution to flood mitigation due to the overflow.
Solar powered a wearable Electrocardiography (ECG) device with battery storage
Authors: Chong Kok-Keong , Wong Guan-Zhen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, we propose a wearable ECG device that can be continuously powered by both the sun and artificial lighting via battery charging. The ECG signal acquired by the AD8232 wearable sensor associated with Arduino Nano is sent to the smartphone via Bluetooth. To study the feasibility of solar powered wearable gadget, we have conducted several experiments to analyze the charging speed in both outdoor and indoor conditions. For fully charging 1200 mAh battery, the two solar panels require periods of 5 - 11 hours and 1698 - 1942 hours for outdoor and indoor conditions respectively. The study has shown that the indoor charging is far ineffective as compared to outdoor charging due to spectral mismatch. The current consumption of the device is low and the fully charged battery can act as a buffer to sustain the device for 48 ∼ 60 hours without the need of any further charging.
Effect of Heating Duration at High Temperature on the Strength and Integrity of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Razak Siti Nooriza Abd , Shafiq Nasir , Guillaumat Laurent , Wahab Mohamed Mubarak Abdul , Farhan Syed Ahmad , Husna Nadzhratul , Ismail Fouad Ismail 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Fire is one of the most severe environmental conditions that concrete structures might be subjected to, especially in closed conduct structures, such as tunnels. Concrete in general can withstand fire but its properties degrade when exposed to fire at high temperatures. The effect of heating duration, at a high temperature, on the performance of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is presented. Cubes of low, medium and high strength grades of geopolymer concrete that had been cured for 28 days, were exposed to a fire flame at 1000 °C for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. After the fire exposure, the cubes were cooled to the ambient temperature before further testing. A visual observation was performed on the cubes to detect any colour change, cracking and spalling. The losses of mass and residual compressive strength of the cubes were recorded. The results showed that as the heating duration increased from 30 to 90 min, the compressive strength of the cubes also increased. Contrarily, the compressive strength decreased as the heating duration increased beyond 90 min indicating that the extended heating duration induced the loss of free water and decomposition of aluminosilicate products in geopolymer concrete. The evaporation of water by virtue of the heating for the extended duration, at high temperature, led to a loss in the mass of concrete. The findings suggest that geopolymer concrete was able to sustain its structural integrity without any noticeable spalling and hence, it can be classified as a fire-resistant material.
Green-Building-Index-Assessment-Criteria-Based Comparative Evaluation of Interlocking Blocks as an Alternative to Conventional Masonry for Residential Buildings in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Sayang Syazanna Raf’ee , Liew Mohd Shahir , Zawaw Noor Amila Wan Abdullah , Farhan Syed Ahmad , Shafiq Nasir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Major residential construction projects adopt clay bricks as masonry, which can contribute to high carbon emission, primarily due to their high embodied carbon. Furthermore, the adoption of conventional masonry, including clay bricks, may lead to the use of high amounts of mortar and contribute to a lot of wastage. Therefore, an alternative system that can potentially replace conventional masonry is required to reduce the wastage as well as carbon emission. Interlocking blocks, which adopt a lock and key system has the potential to replace conventional masonry as they employ locally available materials, save construction time, use less mortar and are less dependent on highly skilled masons. In view of their potential, the adoption of interlocking blocks in residential buildings were evaluated comparatively to conventional masonry, namely clay and cement sand bricks, based on the Green Building Index Assessment Criteria for Residential New Construction (GBI-RNC) tool. Overall Thermal Transfer Values of test models that employed conventional masonry and interlocking blocks were calculated. Approximately, based on the GBI-RNC tool, with an increase of 17-18 points achieved from the EE, MR and IN criteria, a Silver rating can be achieved with the adoption of interlocking blocks.
Research Trend Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Rainfall Prediction Algorithms Based on Knowledge Networks
Authors: Zhang Ting , Liew Soung Yue , Huang Xiao Yan , Lee How Chinh , Qin Dong Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research uses CiteSpace software as a tool to sort out the research results of artificial intelligence-based rainfall prediction models and algorithms in the China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI) and the “Web of Science” database, summarize relevant research hotspots and topics, and identify the latest research Trends, provide a reference for further advancement of rainfall prediction models and algorithms. Through knowledge network analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The literature based on rainfall prediction models and algorithms has shown an increasing trend over time. (2) It is scientific research institutions and colleges and universities of various countries that publish a large number of relevant documents. (3) The current research trend is deep learning and meteorological satellites. Neural networks tend to study a variety of data assimilation and hybrid models. (4) Global artificial intelligence-based rainfall prediction models and algorithms research results show that more emphasis is placed on deep learning algorithms Application trends.
Mechanical Performance of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites Containing Quarry Dust Filler
Authors: Xuen Fu Yee , Hoe Kwan Wai , Munusamy Yamuna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An innovative thermoplastic composite was produced using quarry dust which is an industrial waste from quarry industries. The quarry dust was added into high-density polyethylene (HDPE) using melt blending technique in an internal mixer at different mixing loading ratios. The quarry dust filled HDPE (QD-HDPE) composites were then characterized in terms of morphological and mechanical properties. Analysis on processing torque to produce QD-HDPE composites was conducted and the results showed that the optimum quarry dust loading in HDPE composites is at 30wt%. The results from mechanical test such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS), E-modulus, elongation at break, and flexural strength justify this. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that quarry dust had a rough surface with sharp edges and it can be successfully added into HDPE matrix as a filler. In conclusion, performance of the HDPE composites is enhanced by the incorporation of quarry dust. This indicates that quarry dust is a potential filler to be used in thermoplastic composite industries in order to reduce the production cost and relax the pollution problems.
Investigation of the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultivated in pre-treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the culture medium
Authors: Phang Y K , Tey L-H , Aminuzzaman M , Akhtaruzzaman M , Watanabe A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The application of microalgae in wastewater treatment has attracted the attention of researchers since a few decades ago. Palm oil industry is one of the lucrative main exporting industry in Malaysia which has drawn the attention of researchers in mitigating the polluting impacts caused by the palm oil mill effluent (POME) released from the oil palm processing. In this study, the growth of the green algae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in the pre-treated POME was studied for 7 continuous days. The number of microalgae cells, chlorophylls and carotenoids contents were monitored throughout the cultivation period. The potential of both strains of microalgae as the water polisher for post-treatment of POME was investigated as well. The findings revealed that both microalgae showed lag phase at the beginning of cultivation and grew exponentially later. When monitoring the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b played a role in photosynthesis when the microalgae detected environmental changes. The carotenoids in the microalgae acted as the accessory pigments which assisted in light harvesting under poor light condition and as the antioxidant protecting the cells when there was excess light. C. vulgaris was able to remove 98.1 % of phosphate and 53.1 % of ammoniacal nitrogen while C. reinhardtii removed 90.1 % and 37.3 %, respectively. This study indicated that two microalgae species have a high potential to be integrated in the post-treatment for POME.