bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E supplementation in inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Berardesca Enzo , Cameli Norma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVitamin E is a powerful lipophilic antioxidant that protects membranes from lipid peroxidation, and consequently, oxidative damage. Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Vitamin E supplementation is recommended in patients with vitamin E deficiency due to fat malabsorption. The addition of vitamin E to the diet slows Alzheimer's disease progression and protects older patients against respiratory infections. Recent studies also point to the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathology of immune‐mediated skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. We reviewed the available clinical trials that investigated the role of vitamin E supplementation in preventing and treating atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Data from these studies point to a positive role of vitamin E supplementation in these diseases. Still, due to limitations in study design, further evidence is needed to reach a definite conclusion.
AgRP neuronal activity across feeding‐related behaviours
Authors: Gouveia Ayden , de Oliveira Beleza Rui , Steculorum Sophie M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAgRP neurons trigger one of the most potent orexigenic responses and are both necessary and sufficient for feeding. Recent technical advances for monitoring in vivo neuronal activity have revisited a previously well‐established model of AgRP neurons' feeding regulatory effects. Our current understanding of AgRP neurons has increased in complexity and revealed a fine‐tuned regulation of their activity dynamics across the whole sequence of feeding‐related behaviours. This review focuses on recent studies that refined and re‐evaluated our understanding of the regulatory principles and behavioural effects of AgRP circuits. We aim to cover major discoveries on the dynamic regulation of AgRP neuronal activity by exteroceptive and interoceptive food‐related cues, their pleiotropic effects in feeding and whole‐body homeostasis, and the associated AgRP circuits. The function and regulation of AgRP neuron will be sequentially discussed across the temporal series of behavioural and physiological changes occurring during the appetitive (food craving and foraging), the anticipatory (discovery of food‐predicting cues), and the consummatory/post‐ingestive phase of feeding (calorie ingestion).
Periodic and rhythmic patterns in critically ill children: Incidence, interrater agreement, and seizures
Authors: Fung France W. , Parikh Darshana S. , Massey Shavonne L. , Fitzgerald Mark P. , Vala Lisa , Donnelly Maureen , Jacobwitz Marin , Kessler Sudha K. , Topjian Alexis A. , Abend Nicholas S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to determine the incidence of periodic and rhythmic patterns (PRP), assess the interrater agreement between electroencephalographers scoring PRP using standardized terminology, and analyze associations between PRP and electrographic seizures (ES) in critically ill children.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of consecutive critically ill children undergoing continuous electroencephalographic monitoring (CEEG). PRP were identified by one electroencephalographer, and then two pediatric electroencephalographers independently scored the first 1‐h epoch that contained PRP using standardized terminology. We determined the incidence of PRPs, evaluated interrater agreement between electroencephalographers scoring PRP, and evaluated associations between PRP and ES.ResultsOne thousand three hundred ninety‐nine patients underwent CEEG. ES occurred in 345 (25%) subjects. PRP, ES + PRP, and ictal–interictal continuum (IIC) patterns occurred in 142 (10%), 81 (6%), and 93 (7%) subjects, respectively. The most common PRP were generalized periodic discharges (GPD; 43, 30%), lateralized periodic discharges (LPD; 34, 24%), generalized rhythmic delta activity (GRDA; 34, 24%), bilateral independent periodic discharges (BIPD; 14, 10%), and lateralized rhythmic delta activity (LRDA; 11, 8%). ES risk varied by PRP type (p < .01). ES occurrence was associated with GPD (odds ratio [OR] = 6.35, p < .01), LPD (OR = 10.45, p < .01), BIPD (OR = 6.77, p < .01), and LRDA (OR = 6.58, p < .01). Some modifying features increased the risk of ES for each of those PRP. GRDA was not significantly associated with ES (OR = 1.34, p = .44). Each of the IIC patterns was associated with ES (OR = 6.83–8.81, p < .01). ES and PRP occurred within 6 h (before or after) in 45 (56%) subjects.SignificancePRP occurred in 10% of critically ill children who underwent CEEG. The most common patterns were GPD, LPD, GRDA, BIPD, and LRDA. The GPD, LPD, BIPD, LRDA, and IIC patterns were associated with ES. GRDA was not associated with ES.
Automatic segmentation algorithm for magnetic resonance imaging in prediction of breast tumour histological grading
Authors: He Qingyu , Pan Ruigen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo analyse the application value of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) based on computer semi‐automatic segmentation (CSS) algorithm in tumour histological grading of breast cancer patients, the CSS algorithm of DCE‐MRI breast image was established based on Canny edge detection operator and dynamic binarization (DB) algorithm to compare with the fuzzy‐c‐means (FCM) algorithm based on FCM clustering and wavelet transform (WT) algorithm. Besides, CSS was applied to DCE‐MRI image diagnosis in 121 breast cancer patients, who were then classified as grade I, II, and III according to the 2019 edition of the World Health Organization Histological Grading Criteria for Breast Tumors. The results showed that the false positive rate (FPR) of CSS was sharply lower than that of FCM and WT, while the true positive rate (TPR) of CSS increased greatly in contrast to FCM and WT, indicating that there were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) predicted by FCM, WT, and CSS for histological classification were 0.818, 0.801, and 0.924, respectively. The fractional anisotropy (FA) value of patients with grade III was less than that of patients with grade I and II, while the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of patients with grade III was greater than that of patients with grade I and II (p < 0.05). The tumour diameter, number of lesions, and number of lymph node metastasis of patients with grade III increased markedly compared to patients with grade I and II (p < 0.05). To sum up, DCE‐MRI image segmentation results based on CSS were superior to FCM and WT in the evaluation of breast tumour histological grading. What's more, there were substantial differences in the obtained tumour diameter, FA value, ADC value, and number of lymph node metastasis based on DCE‐MRI of patients with grade I, II, and III, which could be applied to predict the histological grading of patients with breast cancer.
Effective coparenting in stepfamilies: Empirical evidence of what works
Authors: Ganong Lawrence , Sanner Caroline , Berkley Steven , Coleman Marilyn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this review is to examine research evidence about effective childrearing of stepchildren by coparents in stepfamilies (i.e., childrearing that contributes to children's physical, cognitive, and emotional well‐being).BackgroundChildrearing after parental repartnering is likely to involve coparenting within stepfamily households (i.e., by parents and stepparents), across stepfamily households (i.e., by biological parent dyads), and a combination of intra‐ and inter‐household coparenting subsystems. Effective coparenting of children in stepfamilies benefits individual, relational, and stepfamily well‐being and effective family functioning.MethodWe reviewed 58 studies in which empirical evidence of effective childrearing of stepchildren by coparents in stepfamilies was obtained.ResultsChildren in stepfamilies fare better when coparents work collaboratively in focusing on children's well‐being, managing conflicts, being careful when communicating to children and to coparents, and keeping children out of parental issues. Coparenting within stepfamily households works when coparents agree on childrearing rules and roles, communicate clearly, and engage in parenting styles that emphasize high warmth. Step‐household coparents also foster children's well‐being by creating cohesive stepfamily dynamics and modifying expectations. Few researchers studied coparental triads that include both parents and a stepparent.ConclusionsStepfamily members benefit from effective coparenting.ImplicationsEffective childrearing by stepfamily coparent subsystems is complex, but a key is focusing on children's well‐being.
Modelling key variables for understanding the effects of grazing and nutrient recycling by zooplankton on the freshwater microbial loop
Authors: Schenone Luca , Modenutti Beatriz , Martyniuk Nicolás , Bastidas Navarro Marcela , Laspoumaderes Cecilia , Balseiro Esteban 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Pelagic microbial food webs are structured by zooplankton through grazing and nutrient recycling. Cladocerans and copepods are assumed to have different effects on the microbial loop by grazing on different prey sizes and releasing phosphorus (P) differentially. Here, we assessed this effect of differential zooplankton grazing and nutrient recycling on microbial loop dynamics using a combination of experimental and modelling approaches.

We performed field incubation experiments in an oligotrophic mountain lake (north‐Patagonian Andes) using the natural microbial community and the two dominant zooplankton taxa: a cladoceran (Diaphanosoma chilense) and a copepod (Boeckella gibbosa). The effect of zooplankton grazing and nutrient recycling were assessed separately in different treatments with direct and indirect zooplankton presence, respectively. We built a mechanistic model to estimate zooplankton grazing and P recycling and prey P quotas. The model was parameterised with the results from our field experiment and with prior information from size‐based traits and zooplankton C:P using a Bayesian approach. Laboratory experiments for zooplankton P excretion were also performed to test the predictive accuracy of our model.

Our model showed that copepods and cladocerans have contrasting effects on the microbial loop. Diaphanosoma chilense grazed mainly on picoplankton while B. gibbosa grazed on nanoflagellates and algae. Diaphanosoma chilense reduced the biomass and increased P quota of picoplankton, and reduced the P quota of nanoflagellates. In contrast, B. gibbosa released more P, increasing the picoplankton biomass and reducing the biomass of nanoflagellates, but increasing its P quota.

Based on our experimental and model results, copepod grazing favours higher P acquisition rates for cladocerans by releasing more P for picoplankton. By contrast, cladocerans would have a mixed effect on the main food items of copepods by increasing P quotas of the strict osmotrophic algae but decreasing P quotas of nanoflagellates.

Our mechanistic model is useful to quantitatively assess key planktonic variables, which are usually difficult to measure in the field, such as zooplankton P excretion rates and microbial P quotas, by using more conspicuous variables such as biomass of the different microbial compartments and dissolved and particulate P concentrations.

The model presented here could be used to disentangle complex pathways in the microbial food web. The relative importance of phagotrophy and osmotrophy in P uptake, P quotas, and nutrient recycling by grazers result in key variables for understanding ecosystem matter flux and resource use efficiency.
THE FRIEDMAN RULE: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Duffy John , Puzzello Daniela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe evaluate the Friedman rule for optimal monetary policy in a laboratory economy based on Lagos–Wright (Journal of Economic Theory 145 (2010), 1508–24). We explore two implementations of Friedman's rule: one involving deflationary monetary policy and another where interest is paid on money. We compare the welfare consequences of the Friedman rule with two other policies: a constant money supply regime and a regime where the money supply grows at a constant k%. Counter to theory, we find that the Friedman rule is not welfare‐improving, performing no better than the constant money regime. By one welfare measure, the k% money growth rate regime performs best.
Processing and 3D printing of SiCN polymer‐derived ceramics
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohammadreza , Kim Sungjin , Arifuzzaman Arif M. , Saito Tomonori , Cramer Corson L. , Minary‐Jolandan Majid 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPreceramic polymer resins are attractive for the 3D printing of net‐shaped ceramic components. Recently various processes have been demonstrated for 3D printing of polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs). Ultimately in these processes, the process outcomes strongly depend on the process parameters. In particular, for PDCs the ceramic density, and ceramic yield are affected by the catalyst concentration and cross‐linking duration. Here, we use thermal analysis and FTIR to quantify the interrelation of the process parameters on the process outcome for polysilazanes and demonstrate 3D printing of PDC components based on the best‐identified process parameters. The results of this work can be used as guidelines for future additive manufacturing of PDCs.
Note on collusion with network externalities in price versus quantity competition
Authors: Choi Kangsik , Lee DongJoon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe compare collusion stability under Bertrand and Cournot duopoly with differentiated network products. Contrast to previous studies, we show that (i) the range of collusion incentive is narrower under Cournot competition than under Bertrand competition, unless network externalities are sufficiently strong; (ii) collusion in prices (quantities) is more stable than in quantities (prices) if network externalities are strong (weak); and (iii) finally, regardless of the strength of network externalities, collusion under Bertrand competition is more stable for high levels of substitutability than under Cournot competition.
Safety and feasibility of urological procedures in Jehovah’s Witness patients
Authors: Han Jullet , Ahmadi Hamed , Ladi‐Seyedian Seyedeh‐Sanam , Clifford Thomas G , Douglawi Antoin , Xu Willem , Bazargani Soroush T , Mingo Samuel , Thangathurai Duraiyah , Daneshmand Siamak , Djaladat Hooman 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo describe the safety and feasibility of urological transfusion‐free surgeries in Jehovah’s Witness patients.MethodsAn institutional review board‐approved, retrospective review of Jehovah’s Witness patients who underwent urological transfusion‐free surgeries between 2003 and 2019 was carried out. Surgeries were stratified into low, intermediate and high risk based on complexity, invasiveness and bleeding potential. Patient demographics, perioperative data and clinical outcomes are reported.ResultsA total of 161 Jehovah’s Witness patients (median age 63.4 years) underwent 171 transfusion‐free surgeries, including 57 (33.3%) in low‐, 82 (47.9%) in intermediate‐ and 32 (18.8%) in high‐risk categories. The mean estimated blood loss increased with risk category at 48 mL (range 10–50 mL), 150 mL (range 50–200 mL) and 388 mL (range 137–500 mL), respectively (P < 0.001). Implementing blood augmentation and conservation techniques increased with each risk category (3.5% vs 29% vs 69%, respectively; P < 0.001). Average length of stay increased concordantly at 1.6 days (range 0–12 days), 2.9 days (range 1–13 days) and 5.6 days (range 2–12 days), respectively (P ≤ 0.001). However, there was no increase in complication rates and readmission rates attributed to bleeding among the risk categories at 30 days (P = 0.9 and 0.4, respectively) and 90 days (P = 0.7 and 0.7, respectively).ConclusionsTransfusion free urological surgery can be safely carried out on Jehovah’s Witness patients using contemporary perioperative optimization. Additionally, these techniques can be expanded for use in the general patient population to avoid short‐ and long‐term consequences of perioperative blood transfusion.
Managing quality, supplier selection, and cold‐storage contracts in agrifood supply chain through stochastic optimization
Authors: Mateo‐Fornés Jordi , Soto‐Silva Wladimir , González‐Araya Marcela C. , Plà‐Aragonès Lluís M. , Solsona‐Tehas Francesc 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe quality of such processed agrifood products as dehydrated apple is related to the quality and variety of fresh harvested products and connected with wastage reduction throughout the agrifood supply chain. For this purpose, cold‐storage management is important to avoid or mitigate the quality decay of fresh products stored in refrigerated systems. This paper explores the benefits of a two‐stage stochastic programming model for product quality through the selection of producers and the management of cold storage to mitigate deterioration and guarantee the maintenance of quality. A case study with real data from an agribusiness company is presented in the case study to illustrate and assess the suitability of the stochastic approach. Uncertainty regarding the conversion rate of fresh apples into the final dehydrated product and the purchase cost of the apples in the system are represented through scenarios generated from historical data. Recourse actions include the purchase of additional fruit and renting of additional cold stores to meet the demand. Based on the different scenarios, the value of the stochastic solution shows that modeling and solving the proposed stochastic model minimizes costs by an average of around 6.4%. In addition, the expected value of perfect information demonstrates that using a proactive strategy could reduce costs by up to 9%. These results ensure the applicability of this model in practice before and during the harvesting season for planning and replanning as uncertainty is revealed under a rolling horizon.
Synthesis of SBA 15 graphene oxide composite membrane using phenol–formaldehyde resin pore modifier for CO2 separation
Authors: Bera Biswajit , Das Nandini 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPresent study highlights the development of carbon‐loaded SBA 15 membrane on clay‐alumina tubular support and its performance on the CO2 separation efficiencies from different mixture gases. To modify the large pores of SBA 15 by graphitic carbon, low molecular weight phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin was incorporated into the mesoporous channel followed by calcination under inert atmosphere. The modified ordered pore structure of the membrane has been characterized by low‐angle XRD, TEM, and pore size distribution analysis. The chemical state of the deposited carbon phase into the SBA 15 pores was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy. Carbon having graphitic nature mainly in graphene oxide has been deposited into the mesopore of SBA 15 resulting decrease in pore size from 8.9 to 1.0 nm. Finally, the developed SBA 15 carbon membranes were characterized by CO2 permeation and separation selectivity of CO2/CH4, CO2/CO. Highest CO2/CH4 separation factor was achieved as 16.9 with CO2 permeance 13.6 × 10–8 mol/m2/s/Pa at 200 kPa feed pressure by the 20% resin with 2 times coated membrane. In flue gas analysis, highest CO2/CO separation factor of 32.8 was achieved. This study offers an observation on CO2 separation from simulated BF gas for the first time and the results show the potential of the developed SBA 15/C composite membranes in commercial application.
Nucleation and growth of graphene/Mo2C heterostructures on Cu through CVD
Authors: Turker Furkan , Caylan Omer R. , Buke Goknur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigated the chemical vapor deposition synthesis of Mo2C/graphene heterostructures on a partially wetted liquid copper surface, studied the morphology of resulting phases using electron and optical microscopy, and determined the rate‐limiting step for the growth of Mo2C on graphene. The morphology of the Mo2C crystals varied from the center to the edge of the copper substrate because of the change in the Mo diffusion pathways owing to the variation in the thickness of the Cu substrate. Thin, hexagonal‐shaped crystals of Mo2C were found in the central region, where Cu is the thickest. In addition, the growth pressure substantially affects the nucleation and growth kinetics of both Mo2C and graphene. At high pressures (750 Torr), the graphene layer fully covered the Cu surface and Mo2C crystals formed with a regular shape, while at low pressures (5 Torr), the nucleation of both domains was suppressed, leading to the evolution of Mo2C crystals with irregular shapes. The activation energy for the growth of Mo2C on graphene was calculated to be 3.76 ± 0.3 eV, and the diffusion of Mo to the Cu surface through uncovered Cu or graphene vacancies/defects was determined to be the rate‐limiting step.
Association between perceived health and adherence to treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Kähkönen Outi , Oikarinen Anne , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Kyngäs Helvi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo identify associations between perceived health and treatment adherence six years after percutaneous coronary intervention.DesignA non‐experimental descriptive long‐term follow‐up study.MethodsBaseline data (n = 416) were collected in 2013, with follow‐up data collected in 2019 (n = 154), using the EuroQoL scale, EuroQoL visual analogue scale, and Adherence of Patients with Chronic Disease Instrument. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate methods.ResultsThe average age of the 154 respondents was 68.5 years (SD 7.01), with a majority males (n = 118, 86.6%). Adherence to a healthy lifestyle, good perceived results of care, support from nurses, high sense of normality, low fear of complications, motivation, older age, and duration of coronary artery disease were associated with better general perceived health as well as its dimensions (mobility, self‐care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression).ConclusionSupport from nurses is a key factor to ensuring high perceived health among post‐percutaneous coronary intervention patients. This support must be continuous and motivate the patient to adhere to a healthy lifestyle. Patients should feel comfortable sharing their problems and fears. This type of relationship will allow health care professionals to assess the patient's current situation and address potential problems about mobility, pain and discomfort, as well as anxiety and depression to strengthen the patient's sense of normality and enable them to confidently lead a normal life.ImpactThe research aimed to gain knowledge about how perceived health is associated with treatment adherence six years after percutaneous coronary intervention. The results emphasise that a nurse's support of patients is crucial to the care process, as adherence to treatment showed a clear positive association with perceived health in the analysed sample of post‐PCI patients.