bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of 0.1% octenidine mouthwash on plaque re-growth in healthy adults: a multi-center phase 3 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jockel-Schneider Yvonne , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Petsos Hari , Rüttermann Stefan , Schmidt Jana , Ziebolz Dirk , Wehner Christian , Laky Markus , Rott Thea , Noack Michael , Noack Barbara , Lorenz Katrin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate plaque inhibition of 0.1% octenidine mouthwash (OCT) vs. placebo over 5 days in the absence of mechanical plaque control.

Materials and methods
For this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, multi-center phase 3 study, 201 healthy adults were recruited. After baseline recording of plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), collection of salivary samples, and dental prophylaxis, subjects were randomly assigned to OCT or placebo mouthwash in a 3:1 ratio. Rinsing was performed twice daily for 30 s. Colony forming units in saliva were determined before and after the first rinse. At day 5, PI, GI, and tooth discoloration index (DI) were assessed. Non-parametric van Elteren tests were applied with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results
Treatment with OCT inhibited plaque formation more than treatment with placebo (PI: 0.36 vs. 1.29; p < 0.0001). OCT reduced GI (0.04 vs. placebo 0.00; p = 0.003) and salivary bacterial counts (2.73 vs. placebo 0.24 lgCFU/ml; p < 0.0001). Tooth discoloration was slightly higher under OCT (DI: 0.25 vs. placebo 0.00; p = 0.0011). Mild tongue staining and dysgeusia occurred.

Conclusions
OCT 0.1% mouthwash inhibits plaque formation over 5 days. It therefore can be recommended when regular oral hygiene is temporarily compromised.

Clinical relevance
When individual plaque control is compromised, rinsing with octenidine mouthwash is recommended to maintain healthy oral conditions while side effects are limited.
The art of robotic colonic resection: a review of progress in the past 5 years
Authors: Liu Hongyi , Xu Maolin , Liu Rong , Jia Baoqing , Zhao Zhiming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSurgery is developing in the direction of minimal invasiveness, and robotic surgery is becoming increasingly adopted in colonic resection procedures. The ergonomic improvements of robot promote surgical performance, reduce workload for surgeons and benefit patients. Compared with laparoscopy-assisted colon surgery, the robotic approach has the advantages of shorter length of hospital stay, lower rate of conversion to open surgery, and lower rate of intraoperative complications for short-term outcomes. Synchronous robotic liver resection with colon cancer is feasible. The introduction of the da Vinci Xi System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) has introduced more flexibility to colonic operations. Optimization of the suprapubic surgical approach may shorten the length of hospital stay for patients who undergo robotic colonic resection. Single-port robotic colectomy reduces the number of robotic ports for better looking and faster recovery. Intestinal anastomosis methods using totally robotic surgery result in shorter time to bowel function recovery and tolerance to a solid diet, although the operative time is longer. Indocyanine green is used as a tracer to assess blood supplementation in the anastomosis and marks lymph nodes during operation. The introduction of new surgical robots from multiple manufacturers is bound to change the landscape of robotic surgery and yield high-quality surgical outcomes. The present article reviews recent advances in robotic colonic resection over the past five years.
CD8+ T cells in the central nervous system of mice with herpes simplex infection are highly activated and express high levels of CCR5 and CXCR3
Authors: Lind Liza , Svensson Alexandra , Thörn Karolina , Krzyzowska Malgorzata , Eriksson Kristina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a neurotropic virus that can cause meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges in the central nervous system. T cells are key players in viral clearance, and these cells migrate from peripheral blood into the central nervous system upon infection. Several factors contribute to T cell migration, including the expression of chemokines in the inflamed tissue that attract T cells through their expression of chemokine receptors. Here we investigated CD8+ T cell profile in the spinal cord in a mouse model of herpes simplex virus type 2 neuroinflammation. Mice were infected with HSV-2 and sacrificed when showing signs of neuroinflammation. Cells and/or tissue from spinal cord, spleen, and blood were analyzed for expression of activation markers, chemokine receptors, and chemokines. High numbers of CD8+ T cells were present in the spinal cord following genital HSV-2-infection. CD8+ T cells were highly activated and HSV-2 glycoprotein B -specific effector cells, some of which showed signs of recent degranulation. They also expressed high levels of many chemokine receptors, in particular CCR2, CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR3. Investigating corresponding receptor ligands in spinal cord tissue revealed markedly increased expression of the cognate ligands CCL2, CCL5, CCL8, CCL12, and CXCL10. This study shows that during herpesvirus neuroinflammation anti-viral CD8+ T cells accumulate in the CNS. CD8+ T cells in the CNS also express chemotactic receptors cognate to the chemotactic gradients in the spinal cord. This indicates that anti-viral CD8+ T cells may migrate to infected areas in the spinal cord during herpesvirus neuroinflammation in response to chemotactic gradients.
Highly Sensitive Ultrathin Flexible Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Carbon Black Fibrous Film Strain Sensor with Adjustable Scaffold Networks
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Xianhu , Schubert Dirk W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recently years, high-performance wearable strain sensors have attracted great attention in academic and industrial. Herein, a conductive polymer composite of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibrous film matrix-embedded carbon black (CB) particles with adjustable scaffold network was fabricated for high-sensitive strain sensor. This work indicated the influence of stereoscopic scaffold network structure built under various rotating speeds of collection device in electrospinning process on the electrical response of TPU/CB strain sensor. This structure makes the sensor exhibit combined characters of high sensitivity under stretching strain (gauge factor of 8962.7 at 155% strain), fast response time (60 ms), outstanding stability and durability (> 10,000 cycles) and a widely workable stretching range (0–160%). This high-performance, wearable, flexible strain sensor has a broad vision of application such as intelligent terminals, electrical skins, voice measurement and human motion monitoring. Moreover, a theoretical approach was used to analyze mechanical property and a model based on tunneling theory was modified to describe the relative change of resistance upon the applied strain. Meanwhile, two equations based from this model were first proposed and offered an effective but simple approach to analyze the change of number of conductive paths and distance of adjacent conductive particles.
Utilization of WRF 3D Meteorological Data to Calculate Slant Total Delay for InSAR Atmospheric Correction
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Zeng Qiming , Jiao Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe atmosphere introduces excess delays into the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal trajectory, especially in the troposphere. InSAR atmospheric correction methods include the use of SAR data and external water vapor products. The latter is more effective. However, since the removal of atmospheric effects should use atmospheric delay products in the direction of the line of sight (LOS), it is necessary to convert the zenith total delay to slant delay in the LOS direction. Conventionally, the zenith delay is divided by the cosine of the average incident angles to obtain slant phase delays. But this method could cause large errors because it ignores the atmospheric horizontal gradient change and the small-scale vertical structure. These problems can be solved by using three-dimensional atmospheric data simulated by numerical models, especially in the case of intense weather changes or complex terrain. However, few scholars paid attention to the application into InSAR atmospheric correction, because of the computation complexity and low efficiency. As the requirement for higher accuracy and the introduction of large errors caused by increasing incidence angles, it is significantly imperative to make the utmost of this method. Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model can provide the precipitate water vapor (PWV) and refraction index at different levels in the three dimensions, and then the slant total delay can be obtained for removing the atmospheric effect on the InSAR process. The results demonstrate that using 3D data can obtain more accurate slant total delay and improve the accuracy of surface deformation from InSAR technology.
Application of Y–ZrO2 microtubes as dielectric barrier material in a He atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet
Authors: Talviste Rasmus , Jõgi Indrek , Tätte Tanel , Part Marko , Raud Jüri , Paris Peeter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work focused on the application of novel 8% yttria-stabilized Zr2O3 (YSZ) microtubes with an inner diameter of 60 µm as dielectric material in an atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet (APPJ). Furthermore, a comparison with quartz microtubes allowed to study the effect of tube material on plasma properties. Optical emission spectroscopy was employed to determine various spectral line ratios including ratios of He lines 667 nm (31D-21P) to 728 nm (31S-21P) which is indicative of electric field strength. The 667/728 nm line ratio in the YSZ microtube was about 2/3 the value in the 60-µm quartz tube. However, increasing the quartz tube’s inner diameter from 60 to 500 µm decreased the 667/728 nm line ratio 40 times. Additionally, the spatio-temporal evolution of the ionization wave was measured in the YSZ microtube and the velocity of the ionization wave was determined to accelerate from 67 km/s near the powered electrode to 161 km/s near the tube orifice.
Extraction efficiency of alcohols from activated carbon and silica gel sampling agents in the low concentration region
Authors: Abiko Hironobu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractActivated carbon and silica gel adsorbents are commonly used as sampling agents in small glass tube products for work environment measurements of organic solvent vapor in air. In the measurements, extraction efficiency of organic solvent components from sampling agents is very important for accuracy of the determination. We have investigated the effect of two representative efficiency determination methods as established by the Industrial Safety and Health Act in Japan: the direct addition and phase equilibrium methods, using both of these adsorbent materials found in typical recent sampling tube products in Japan and four types of alcohol. The results indicate that the phase equilibrium method has a tendency to show slightly higher values compared with the direct addition method for each adsorbent. In addition, compared with silica gel, petroleum-based activated carbon can be a preferable sampling agent of alcohols in the extremely low concentration region, below approximately 10 ppm.
Effects of hybrid Al2O3–CuO nanofluids on surface roughness and machining forces during turning AISI 4340
Authors: Haghnazari Shahin , Abedini Vahid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an effort to model the process parameters involved in turning of alloy steel AISI 4340 workpiece material with Al2O3 and CuO hybrid nanofluids using the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method. In this paper, the effect of mixing two nanoparticles (Al2O3 and CuO) with different weight percent in environmentally friendly water-based cutting fluid, the rotational speed, and the feed rate has been investigated on the surface roughness and the machining forces using the response surface method. The results of the experiments show that the hybrid nanofluid containing 0.75 CuO with 0.25 Al2O3 has the best output for the machining forces and the surface roughness. Also, in the best composition of the nanoparticles (0.75 CuO with 0.25 Al2O3), the lowest value of machining forces has been achieved at a feed rate of 0.08 mm per revolution and the rotational speed 1000 rpm as well as the lowest value of the surface roughness at a feed rate of 0.08 mm per revolution and the rotational speed 710 rpm.
Physicochemical, nutritional, bioactive compounds and fatty acid profiling of Pumpkin flower (Cucurbita maxima), as a potential functional food
Authors: Ghosh Payel , Rana Sandeep Singh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe edible flowers and its several products gaining its importance as functional food. Pumpkin flower mainly consumed in India and Mexico but due to lack of scientific research there is a neophobia among people. The objective of the paper is to analyse the physicochemical, biochemical properties, proximate analysis, antioxidant activities, anthocyanin content and fatty acid profiling. The fresh pumpkin flower was having an average moisture content of 85% (wb) with a dimension of 90 × 51 x 22 mm (l x w x t). The (L, a*, b*) value signifies the bright yellow color having gumminess (26 g) and chewiness (4.70 mJ). In this study the nutritional properties of the pumpkin flower were also determined and significant amount of Sodium (11.5 mg/100 g), Potassium (18.2 mg/100 g), Calcium (17.6 mg/100 g), phenol (17.39 µg/ml), flavonoid (17.13 µg/ml), antioxidant (51.65%DPPH) and anthocyanin (10.3 mg/100 g) was present. Among several fatty acids’ oleic acid (21%), myristic acid (15.99%) and stearic acid (15.19%) was maximum. The presence of several phytonutrients and fatty acids makes pumpkin flower a potential source of functional food in near future.Graphical abstract
Development of ionic liquid microemulsion for transdermal delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent
Authors: Sharma Harish , Kumar Sahu Gyanesh , Kaur Chanchal Deep 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNowadays skin cancers have become a major area of concern because of the continuous exposure to sun rays (UV rays). Hence, the present work focused on the synthesis of an innovative 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) microemulsion as a topical delivery system mainly used to treat various forms of skin cancer. The topical administration of most of the active compounds is impaired by limited skin permeability due to the presence of skin barriers. In this sequence, the microemulsion represents a cost-effective and convenient drug carrier system that successfully delivers the drug to and across the skin. Unfortunately, 5-FU reveals high toxicity and low tumor affinity became inefficient for patients with the risk of serious side effects. For decreasing of eluding some of its disadvantages we made it more effective by preparing its microemulsion with tween 80 (surfactant), isopropyl alcohol (co-surfactant), oleic acid (oil) in a four-component system. This study emphasized increasing the drug release by multiple times and a topical gel has been formulated and designs to elongate the drug release. All preparation of 5-FU microemulsion was characterized by physicochemical and drug release studies. The size of the 5-FU microemulsion was 550–600 nm confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zetasizer. The clear microemulsion was prepared at pH 5–6. It shows viscosity in the limit of 13.52–18.23 Pa s. The outcome of the present work is satisfactory for skin cancer treatment.
Petrochemical constrains on the origin and tectonic setting of mafic to intermediate dykes from Tikar plain, Central Cameroon Shear Zone
Authors: Ntieche Benjamin , Ram Mohan M. , Moundi Amidou , Wokwenmendam Nguet Pauline , Mounjouohou Mahomed Aziz , Nchouwet Zakari , Mfepat Daouda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Tikar plain is located on the Cameroon Central Shear Zone. It is also part of the North Equatorial Pan-African Belt. It is formed of granitoids intruded in places by mafic and intermediate dykes. The mafic dykes are essentially banded gabbros composed of plagioclases, pyroxenes, amphiboles, biotites and opaques. Their textures range from porphyroblastic to porphyritic. The intermediate dykes are monzonites and monzodiorites and are characterized, respectively, by cataclastic and mylonitic textures. The minerals identified are amphiboles, potassium feldspar, pyroxenes, epidotes, sphenes and opaques. Seritization reaction is mostly present on the mafic and intermediate dykes, while chloritization is much more pronounced on the intermediate dykes. The Tikar plain dykes are high-k calc-alkaline to shoshonitic. They are characterized by low to moderate SiO2content (42.08–61.96 wt%), low to high TiO2(0.47–2 wt%) and low Ni (1.48–99.18 ppm) contents. The mafic dykes show fractional trends with negative anomalies of Zr, U and P and positive Rb, Ba, Ta, Pb and Sr in multi-element diagrams, while the intermediate dykes present negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, Zr, Sr P and Ti and relative positive anomalies of Rb, Ba and Pb. The rare-earth elements (REE) patterns show positive Eu anomalies for the mafic dykes and negative anomalies for the intermediate dykes. The REE spectrum of all the dykes shows enrichment in LREE with relatively flat HREE, which can indicate arc magmatism. In the Zr–Ti/100–Sr/2 diagram, the mafic dykes plot in the island arc tholeiite and calc-alkaline basalt fields. The Th, Nb and LREE concentrations indicate that the subducted lithosphere with crustal component contributed to generation of the intermediate dykes of the Tikar plain. The geochemical characteristics of the mafic to intermediate dykes suggest their derivation from a various degree of partial melting in the garnet spinel facies, probably between depths of 80 and 100 km. The collision between the Central African Fold Belt and the northern edge of the Congo craton resulting in crustal thickening, sub-crustal lithospheric delamination and upwelling of the asthenosphere may have been the principal process in the generation of the intermediate dykes in the Tikar plain. The magma for the mafic and intermediate dyke would have migrated through the faults network of the Central Cameroon Shear Zone before crystallizing in the granito-gneissic basement rocks.
Innovations in otorhinolaryngology in the age of COVID‐19: A systematic literature review
Authors: Berryhill McCarty E. , Soldatova Liuba , Brant Jason A. , Newman Jason G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveOtolaryngologists are at increased occupational risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection due to exposure from respiratory droplets and aerosols generated during otologic, nasal, and oropharyngeal examinations and procedures. There have been a variety of guidelines and precautions developed to help mitigate this risk. While many reviews have focused on the personal protective equipment (PPE) and preparation guidelines for surgery in the COVID‐19 era, none have focused on the more creative and unusual solutions designed to limit viral transmission. This review aims to fill that need.Data SourcesPubMed, Ovid/Medline, and ScopusMethodsA comprehensive review of literature was performed on September 28, 2020 using PubMed, Ovid/Medline, and Scopus databases. All English‐language studies were included if they proposed or assessed novel interventions developed for Otolaryngology practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.ResultsA total of 41 papers met inclusion criteria and were organized into 5 categories (‘General Recommendations for Otolaryngologic Surgery’, ‘Equipment Shortage Solutions’, ‘Airway Procedures’, ‘Nasal Endoscopy and Skull Base Procedures’, and ‘Otologic Procedures’). Articles were summarized, highlighting the innovations created and evaluated during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Creative solutions such as application of topical viricidal agents, make‐shift mask filters, three‐dimensional (3‐D) printable adapters for headlights, aerosol containing separation boxes, and a variety of new draping techniques have been developed to limit the risk of COVID‐19 transmission.ConclusionsPersistent risk of COVID‐19 exposure remains high. Thus, there is an increased need for solutions that mitigate the risk of viral transmission during office procedures and surgeries, especially given that most COVID‐19 positive patients present asymptomatically. This review examines and organizes creative solutions that have been proposed and utilized in the otolaryngology. These solutions have a potential to minimize the risk of viral transmission in the current clinical environment and to create safer outpatient and operating room conditions for patients and healthcare staff.
Center for clinical and translational research COVID-19 clinical trial committee: The development of a review and prioritization matrix during a pandemic
Authors: Bobb Leslie , Ballance Lisa Richman , Abbate Antonio , Bain Jesse C. , Sime Patricia J. , Moeller F. Gerard , Lessard Margaret K. , Montpetit Alison J. , Harmon Mary P. , Stevens Michael P. , DiazGranados Deborah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The rate at which the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread required a rapid response across many, if not all, industries. Academic medical centers had to rapidly evaluate, prioritize, and coordinate the multiple requests for clinical trial participation. This involved redirecting resources and developing a collaborative system for assessment, decision making, and implementation. Our institution formed a team with diverse representation from multiple stakeholders to review and prioritize all research protocols related to COVID-19. To accomplish this, a prioritization matrix was developed to help determine the order in which the protocols should be placed for consideration by the treating clinician. The purpose of the team was to review the COVID-19 clinical trials in the pipeline, prioritize those trials that best met the needs of our patients, oversee training and resource needs, and lead the formulation of procedures for integration with clinical care. Resources from the Clinical Research Unit were then allocated to support the swift execution of such studies. This manuscript describes that process, the challenges encountered, and the lessons learned on how to make all clinical trials more successful in a complex and dynamic environment.