bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Environmental and Energy Policies to Enable Sustainable Consumption and Production in The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Sweidan Osama Daifalla D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The hydrocarbon sector in the Gulf Cooperation Council counties generates a significant trade-off between economic development and the environment. Our paper identifies the challenges and explores the policies that have been implemented in these countries to protect the environment and empower sustainable consumption and production. Moreover, we assess whether these policies succeeded in achieving their goals and why. This paper uses the analytical approach and utilizes the previous studies' findings. We find the institutional actions of the Gulf countries are not enough to generate sustainable consumption and production. These countries remain strongly affected by the hydrocarbon sector, and the diversification achievements are weak. Further, energy price reforms have many problems as a tool to enhance sustainable consumption and production. The Gulf governments have an essential role in this process. They work under the concept of entrepreneurial state capitalist. The government controls all the sectors, including the private sector, to secure the regime. Our results are significant because it shows more improvements can be achieved in the sustainable consumption and production area of the Gulf countries.
Fusion Energy: On the track of a different philosophy and solution
Authors: Ferro Joao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When two (or more) nuclei fuse, to form a heavier element, a known quantity of energy is released. The process seems easy to describe, at least to some degree.Today, technological development on the subject has introduced applications in many areas. Even so, there are some challenges before we can be able to provide energy by an appropriated fusion process: high needs of power, plasma confinement issues, heavy equipment, etc.The present idea intends to show a different view. The author calls, in a broad sense, a conceptual thesis, and it has the natural language as the principal tool. The author either explicitly or implicitly discusses the space-time fabric, double-slit experiment, and other concepts like non-duality. One nanoapparatus draft with the purpose of being in the scope of near future research closes the picture.
Design and Parametric Variation Assessment of Dopingless Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor (DL-NT-FET) for High Performance
Authors: Singh Jeetendra , Chakraborty Debapriya , Kumar Naveen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a dopingless nanotube field-effect transistor (DL-NT-FET) has been proposed and its performance analysis is done using a technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tool, ATLAS provided by Silvaco. The elimination of doping is brought in by the application of the charge-plasma (CP) technique. A comparative examination of transfer characteristics (I D -V GS ), transconductance (g m ), gate capacitances (C gs and C gd ), output characteristics (I D -V DS ), output conductance (g ds ), average subthreshold slope (AVSS), the threshold voltage (V t ), the ratio of on-current to off-current (I ON /I OFF ) and on-current has been made by varying the channel length (Lg), radius (R), gate work function (Φ), and temperature. Results revealed that increasing the channel length improves subthreshold slope with greater I ON /I OFF and less threshold voltage. It has been also noticed that increase in the radius of the nanotube or an increase in temperature results in just the opposite effect of that observed in the case of increasing channel length. The I OFF value increases significantly on increasing the temperature while the small degradation in the I ON has been noticed as a result of mobility degradation and velocity saturation. The I ON degrades 15% by increasing the temperature from 200K to 400K. The output conductance g ds also degrades on increasing the temperature. A proliferation of 39% is observed in the C gs at the V GS of 0.45V on increasing the channel length from 20 nm to 35 m whereas no significant changes are observed in the C gd for the same increment in the channel length.
Measurement of the Active Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis Lesion Size During the Disease Course With Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Retrospective Image Analysis
Authors: Atas Ferdane , Kaya Mahmut , Toprak Tuğçe , Yagcı Betul Akbulut , Selver Alper , Saatci Ali Osman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To measure the lesion size reduction in eyes with active toxoplasma retinochoroiditis during the disease course with swept- source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the chorioretinal lesion size in a group of 14 eyes with a single active toxoplasma retinochoroiditis lesion.SS-OCTA was performed at the baseline and follow -up in all eyes. The 6x6 mm choriocapillaris slab images were evaluated with an image analysis (Matlab). The number of black and white pixels in a 1500µm-diameter circle centered on each active lesion was counted at the time of baseline examination and at the first follow-up visit when the chorioretinal scar formation was noticed.
Results
Fourteen eyes with a single active toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis lesion were included. Ten patients were female and three,male. Mean age was 29.1 ± 14.9 years. Active lesions were at the macula in five eyes, at the periphery in six eyes and juxtapapillary in three eyes. At the initial examination lesion area was observed as an area with a decreased flow signal on SS-OCTA.There was perilesional capillary disruption in superficial and deep capillary plexi together with a diffuse capillary network attenuation and non-detectable flow signal zones in the choriocapillaris slabs. In addition to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and azithromycine combination oral corticosteroids were only co-administered in five (35%) eyes with macular involvement. The chorioretinal scar formation was observed in four to 16 weeks. At the time of inactivity, original lesion was diminished in size when compared to its baseline in all study eyes (p = 0.001) with a mean black pixel reduction percentage of 21.8%. The reduction was 15.4% in eyes with macular lesion, 31.6% with peripheral lesions and 18.1% with juxtapapillary lesions (p = 0.001, p = 0.032, p = 0.028, p = 0.043, respectively). Visual acuity was correlated with black pixel reduction percentage in eyes with macular lesion (r = 0.56, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Active toxoplasma retinochoroiditis lesion size diminished with the healing process as expected and this could be monitorized with an OCTA based image analysis technique. Macular lesions showed less reduction in lesion size despite the addition of oral corticosteroids in contrast to peripheral and juxtapapillary lesions.
Testing the Eligibility of Glaucoma Patients for Potential Gene Therapy Among a Clinic Population
Authors: Bourne Rupert , Gruzei Carmen , Zhang Jufen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Glaucoma patients who deteriorate despite standard treatment may benefit from novel gene therapies. Key inclusion criteria for a glaucoma gene therapy trial were devised. A retrospective chart review in a glaucoma clinic population was conducted. Feasibility of gene therapy inclusion criteria and factors associated with progression and fast progression < -1 decibels/year (dB/y) were evaluated.
Methods

374 Primary Open Angle Glaucoma patients all of whom had performed at least 5 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm Standard visual fields within a 58 months period. Two definitions were applied to characterise visual field progression rate using Guided Progression Analysis for an individual patient based on A, the eye with the greatest visual field loss, or B, the eye with the most rapid progression rate.
Results

Mean rate of visual field progression was − 0.50 dB/y (Definition A) and − 0.64 dB/y (Definition B). 19.0% (A) and 21.9% (B) of eyes, 71 (A) and 82 (B) eyes, were ‘fast progressors’ (< -1 dB/y). 37 (A) and 43 (B) eyes met the putative gene therapy inclusion criteria (≥ 50 years; mean deviation ≤ -4 to ≥ -12; ≤ -20 dB, progression rate between − 1 to -4 dB/y). Beta blockers (Odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 2.84 (1.39–5.80); p = 0.004) (A), (OR (95%CI): 2.48 (1.30–4.75); p = 0.006) (B) and alpha agonists (OR (95%CI): 2.18 (1.14–4.17); p = 0.02) (A), (OR (95%CI) 2.00 (1.08–3.73); p = 0.028) (B) were significantly associated with fast progression.
Conclusion

A substantial proportion (10%) of patients in this clinic population would meet recommended gene therapy inclusion criteria.
Decreased Expression of ENPP6 Predicts the Occurrence of Pain in Malignant Spinal Tumour
Authors: Hu Jie , Zhong Birou , Guo Yuqian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Neuropathic pain (NeP) characterized by neuroplasticity and neuroinflammatory change is a common complication associated with spinal metastasis. However, there are no reliable candidates for diagnosis and treatment. Recently, cancer research has incorporated molecules into the treatment of patients with NeP, therefore, it is necessary to find key molecules of NeP to provide new targets for diagnosis and treatment.Methods: We analyzed RNA-seq data around the expression of ENPP6 based on bioinformatic methods, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO), protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and GSEA analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, immune cell infiltration and mutation analysis.Results: We divided with pain samples into the High and Low ENPP6 expression groups. A total of 231 DEGs were identified. GO and KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in Inflammation and cancer associated pathways. GSEA analysis showed that DEGs was significantly enriched in ARF3 and P38/MK2, RHO and RAS, and BRAFT and AKT1/E17K pathway. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the expression of ENPP6 was significantly correlated with autophagy phenotype and immunophenotype. Immune infiltrating analysis showed that activated NK cells were significantly highly expressed in Low group. ROC analysis of ENPP6 suggested that the area under the ROC curve was 0.925. Mutation sites analysis showed that most of the mutations in ENPP4-7 were phosphorylation sites.Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying NeP, and identifying ENPP6 may serve as potentially diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for NeP.
Theoretical Research on Cage-like Oxadiazole-based Energetic Compounds and Its Derivatives
Authors: Huang Yan , Zhan Le-Wu , Zhang Qian , Hou Jing , Li Bindong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this manuscript, we reported the design and prediction of two oxadiazole-based cage-like molecules and their derivatives using density function theory (DFT). The heats formation and detonation properties were calculated using Hess’s law and Kamlet-Jacobs equations with B3PW91 method. The molecular stability and geometry were analyzed using M06-2X method and molecular crystal structures were predicted based on Monte Carlo simulation, while chemical reactive sites were judged using PBE0 method based on Fukui function. The theoretical calculation result proved that the designed molecules exhibit ideal symmetric cage-like geometry and show superior physicochemical and detonation properties. Compared with traditional energetic materials, the designed molecules display more positive solid heats formation and lower sensitivity. The designed molecules could be considered as promising HEDM candidates with potential synthesis and application value.
Effect of Dietary Patterns and, or Nutrition Strategies Reducing Risk in Adverse Maternal Health Occurrences during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Larbi Josephine Ansaa , Steiner-Asiedu Matilda , Vuvor Fredrick , Adusei Anthony , Egbi Godfred 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dietary patterns and nutrition strategies are essential to maintain optimal maternal health during pregnancy to prevent and minimize conditions that lead to complications. Previous studies found nutrition education and counseling effect on food habit modification, beneficial during pregnancy. In promoting health and reducing adverse maternal conditions during pregnancy, need increasing knowledge on diversities of dietary pattern consumption, modify attitude and practice. The present review conducted on effect of dietary patterns and/or nutrition interventions on health risks such as hypertension disorders in pregnancy or gestational hypertension or high blood pressure related to obesity or overweight, low haemoglobin, undernutrition and anaemia. Eighteen eligible studies identified. Studies on dietary patterns: Mediterranean or DASH diets, DASH diet vs Western diet with dietary counseling, combined nutrition counseling, advice and healthy diet. Healthy diet vs Western, Traditional or high-energy-foo; 2 healthy diets rich in fruit and vegetables. Two healthy diets combined with dietary counseling, nutrition messages compared with high-energy-food. The remaining 5 studies were nutrition education and health promotion model, dietary counseling and knowledge, attitude and practice with healthy diet, nutrition education with or without diet plan, then guided counseling with planned behaviour model. The studies reported positive impact on reduction of maternal adverse conditions, improved anthropometric, haemoglobin, undernutrition or malnutrition status. Study designs were 5 randomized controlled interventions, 11 prospective or longitudinal cohort studies and 2 systematic review.
Interference Due to Heterophilic Antibody, Biotin and Thyroid Hormone Autoantibody
Authors: ni jiajia , yu long , li jingyi , zhang li , yang qingqing , kou chunjia , li shuqi , tian guoyu , wang yuyao , liu xueying , zhou huizhi , zhang haiqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Immunoassay is susceptible to interference by other substances in the serum. The main substances interfering with thyroid function testing include heterophilic antibody, biotin, thyroid hormone autoantibody, and Macro-TSH. We reported a patient with fraudulently elevated FT4 and TSH and described various common experimental methods used to explore the existence of substances interfering with thyroid function testing.Methods and Results: FT4 and TSH were significantly lower when measured on the Architect platform (FT4: 7.09 pmol/L, TSH: 58.94 µIU/ml). Polyethylene glycol precipitation showed lower FT4 and TSH, suggesting the presence of a high molecular weight interfering substance. Heterophile blocking tube study showed heterophilic antibody interfered with TSH detection. 125I-hTSH binding study and radioimmunoprecipitation assay indicated that the patient didn’t contain anti-TSH autoantibody. The new generation of Elecsys immunoassay kit indicated that biotin interfered with TSH detection. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay showed that all four kinds of thyroid hormone autoantibodies were positive. After reviewing 24 literatures, we provided the diagnostic strategy for investigation of interferences with thyroid function immunoassays.Conclusion: We reported a case with falsely elevated TSH due to the combined action of heterophilic antibody and biotin and fraudulently elevated FT4 caused by thyroid hormone autoantibody. When there is a discrepancy between thyroid function and clinical manifestation, the presence of immunoassay interference with one or more indicators needs to be considered.
Expression and prognostic significance of CBX2 in colorectal cancer: Database mining for CBX family members in malignancies
Authors: Zhou He , Xiong Yongfu , Liu Zuoliang , Hou Songlin , Zhou Tong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The Chromobox (CBX) domain protein family, a core component of polycomb repressive complexes 1, is involved in transcriptional repression, cell differentiation, and program development by binding to methylated histone tails. Each CBX family member plays a distinct role in various biological processes through their own specific chromatin domains, due to differences in conserved sequences of the CBX proteins. It has been demonstrated that colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multiple-step biological evolutionary process, whereas the roles of the CBX family in CRC remain largely unclear.Methods: In the present study, the expression and prognostic significance of the CBX family in CRC were systematically analyzed through a series of online databases, including Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA).Results: Most CBX proteins were found to be highly expressed in CRC, but only the elevated expression of CBX2 could be associated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Further examination of the role of CBX2 in CRC was performed through several in vitro experiments. CBX2 was overexpressed in CRC cell lines via the CCLE database and the results were verified by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the knockdown of CBX2 significantly suppressed CRC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, the downregulation of CBX2 was found to promote CRC cell apoptosis. Conclusion: Based on these findings, CBX2 may function as an oncogene and potential prognostic biomarker. Thus, the association between the abnormal expression of CBX2 and the initiation of CRC deserves further exploration.
WITHDRAWN: Synthesis of β-Glucan nanoparticles from red algae derived β-Glucan for potential biomedical applications
Authors: Ramalingam Parthasarathy , Seetharaman Prabu kumar , H.C. Yashavantha Rao , Chelliah Jayabaskaran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study highlighted that the synthesis of β-Glucan nanoparticles (β-GluNPs) developed as a facile method to prevent cancer and infectious diseases, which is highly effective and inexpensive in the biological field. This research study has demonstrated the use of marine algae (Gracilaria corticate) to extract water-soluble β-Glucan and synthesis of β-GluNPs by dissolving the extracted β-Glucan in NaOH under optimal conditions. The molecular structure of the extracted and stabilized β-GluNPs was analysed using NMR. Further, the Physico-chemical parameters of β-GluNPs were analysed by the high throughput instruments like UV spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, ZETA Potential, SEM, HRTEM, and XRD analysis. The synthesis of β-GluNPs confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The HR-TEM results demonstrated that the formation of polydispersed nanoparticles with a mean size of 20 ± 5 nm. The hydrostatic zeta potential was − 22.7mV, which indicated their colloidal stability. The XRD pattern revealed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. Besides, β-GluNPs performed better antibacterial activity against the tested pathogens. The apoptosis and DNA fragmentation observed to be IC50 42.5 µg/ml of the β-GluNPs. The DNA fragmentation assay indicated the selective inhibition of the MCF-7 cell line by DNA damage. Hence, β-GluNPs used as a promising alternative drug against human breast cancer.
Modulation Instability Analysis of a Nonautonomous (3+1)-Dimensional Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Patel Arvind , KUMAR VINEESH 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate the modulation instability (MI) analysis of a nonautonomous (3+1)-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with time-dependent dispersion and phase modulation coefficients. By employing standard linear stability analysis, we obtain an explicit expression for the MI gain as a function of dispersion, phase modulation, perturbation wave numbers and an initial incidence power. The nonautonomous coupled NLS equation is found to be modulationally unstable for the same sign of dispersion and phase modulation coefficients. This equation is modulationally stable for zero dispersion and or phase modulation coefficients. But non-zero dispersion coefficient, it is modulationally stable/unstable on distinct bandwidth of wave numbers. The trigonometric, exponential, algebraic function of time and constant have been chosen as test functions for dispersion and phase modulation to find the effect on the MI analysis. The effect of focusing and defocusing medium on the MI analysis has also been investigated. The MI bandwidth in the focusing medium is found to be larger than defocusing medium. It is found that the modulation instability of the equation can be managed by proper choice of the dispersion and phase modulation parameters.
Brusatol Inhibits Laryngeal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis Via Abrogating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Zhou Jiangtao , Hou Jing , Wang Jun , Wang Jiajing , Gao Jianping , Bai Yun’e 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Brusatol (BR) is a principal bioactive quassinoid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Brucea javanica, which has recently been reported to exert notable cytotoxic effects against numerous cancer cell lines. However, the role that BR played in Laryngeal cancer (LC) is seldom known by the public. In the current study, we have investigated the effects of BR on human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell (Hep-2) and explored its underlying mechanism both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods: In the present research, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cycle, migration and invasion assays were used to examine the anti-tumor effect of BR on Hep-2 cells. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting were performed to study the molecular mechanisms of the action. A subcutaneous tumor-bearing model of Balb/c mice with Hep-2 cells of laryngeal carcinoma was established to observe the inhibitory effect of BR on laryngeal cancer cells in vivo. Results: The results indicated that BR markedly inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of Hep-2 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner, with no significant toxic effect on normal cells BEAS-2B. Also, BR induced cell apoptosis and the cells were blocked in the S phase to suppress cell proliferation. Moreover, the results of IHC showed that BR induction inhibited the protein expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Mechanistically, western blotting results exhibited that BR could suppress the protein expression of JAK2/STAT3 and their phosphorylation levels. In vivo experiments further confirmed the anti-cancer effect of BR on laryngeal carcinoma cells in vitro, BR suppressed the growth of xenograft laryngeal tumors without apparent toxicity.Conclusions: Consequently, the present study revealed that the anti-LC effect of BR might be closely relevant to abrogation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling mediated EMT process. BR may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.