bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan limbah kulit buah kakao terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Andini Retno Putri , Asra Revis , Adriadi Ade 
Published: December 2021

Tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan tanaman perkebunan rakyat yang menghasilkan limbah limbah kulit buah kakao. Limbah limbah kulit buah kakao dapat berdampak pada lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan limbah limbah kulit buah kakao yaitu sebagai penutup tanah untuk mengatasi cekaman kekeringan pada tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian limbah limbah kulit buah kakao dan hari penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan, perlakuan terdiri dari C0P0 (tanpa limbah kulit buah kakao+penyiraman 1 hari sekali), C0P2 (tanpa limbah kulit buah kakao+penyiraman 2 hari sekali), C0P4 (tanpa limbah kulit buah kakao+penyiraman 4 hari sekali), C1P0 (limbah kulit buah kakao 100gr+penyiraman 1 hari sekali), C1P2 (limbah kulit buah kakao 100gr+penyiraman 2 hari sekali), C1P4 (limbah kulit buah kakao 100gr+penyiraman 4 hari sekali), C2P0 (limbah kulit buah kakao 200gr+penyiraman 1 hari sekali), C2P2 (limbah kulit buah kakao 200gr+penyiraman 2 hari sekali), C2P4 (limbah kulit buah kakao 200gr+penyiraman 4 hari sekali). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian limbah limbah kulit buah kakao dan variasi frekuensi penyiraman berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan biomassa. Perlakuan pemberian limbah kulit buah kakao sebanyak 100gr dan interval penyiraman 2 hari sekali berpengaruh signifikan pada parameter tinggi tanaman. Namun tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata pada perlakuan jumlah cabang.
Effective Solution of University Course Timetabling using Particle Swarm Optimizer based Hyper Heuristic approach
Authors: Iqbal Zahid , Ilyas Rafia , Chan Huah Yong , Ahmed Naveed 
Published: December 2021

The university course timetable problem (UCTP) is typically a combinatorial optimization problem. Manually achieving a useful timetable requires many days of effort, and the results are still unsatisfactory. unsatisfactory. Various states of art methods (heuristic, meta-heuristic) are used to satisfactorily solve UCTP. However, these approaches typically represent the instance-specific solutions. The hyper-heuristic framework adequately addresses this complex problem. This research proposed Particle Swarm Optimizer-based Hyper Heuristic (HH PSO) to solve UCTP efficiently. PSO is used as a higher-level method that selects low-level heuristics (LLH) sequence which further generates an optimal solution. The proposed approach generates solutions into two phases (initial and improvement). A new LLH named “least possible rooms left” has been developed and proposed to schedule events. Both datasets of international timetabling competition (ITC) i.e., ITC 2002 and ITC 2007 are used to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results indicate that the proposed low-level heuristic helps to schedule events at the initial stage. When compared with other LLH’s, the proposed LLH schedule more events for 14 and 15 data instances out of 24 and 20 data instances of ITC 2002 and ITC 2007, respectively. The experimental study shows that HH PSO gets a lower soft constraint violation rate on seven and six data instances of ITC 2007 and ITC 2002, respectively. This research has concluded the proposed LLH can get a feasible solution if prioritized.
عزل وتوصيف بعض العزلات البكتيرية من التربة الملوثة بالنفط الخام ودراسة فعاليته
Authors: Kridi Nabila , Al-Shater Mohammed Said , Al Zoubi Mohammed Manhal 
Published: December 2021

عزلت سلالات بكتيرية من التربة الملوثة بالنفط، في عام 2018، تم توصيف هذه العزلات، وذلك بهدف معرفة قدرة هذه العزلات على معالجة التربة الملوثة بالنفط. تمت قراءة تغير لون الوسط المضاف إليه العزلات بطريقة Pacto Bushnell Hans. كما درس التغيير في طبيعة المواد المكونة للنفط بواسطة كروماتوجرافيا الغاز للعزلات الأكثر فاعلية.
أظهرت العزلات البكتيرية التسعة المعزولة درجات مختلفة من التغير اللوني، وتفوقت العزلات (Pseudomonas، Bacillus، Micrococcus) على باقي العزلات بكمية تغير اللون حيث بلغت النسبة المئوية للتغير اللوني (78، 78، 77) ٪ على التوالي، مقارنة مع الشاهد، وأظهرت العزلات الثلاثة مجتمعةً أفضل تغيير للون بلغ 90.7 ٪ مقارنة بالشاهد، وأظهرت نتائج فصل المواد عن طريق كروماتوغرافيا الغاز أن هناك تغيرات في طبيعة المواد الموجودة في النفط الخام (الشاهد بدون عزلات) مقارنة بتلك الموجودة في النفط الخام بدون إضافة عزلات. كما أعطت العزلات الثلاث مجتمعة أعلى نسبة تغير في تركيب المواد الداخلة في النفط الخام مقارنة بالعزلات الثلاثة المفردة. مما يؤكد فعالية كل عزلة على حدة على تفكيك النفط الخام وقدرة هذه العزلات مع بعضها(متأزرة) على تفكيك النفط الخام.
Pollution threatens water quality in the Central Marshes of Southern Iraq
Authors: Fazaa Nadheer A. , Dunn Jonathon C. , Whittingham Mark J. 
Published: December 2021

Water pollution is an issue that can be exacerbated by drought as increased concentrations of unwanted substances are a consequence of lower water levels. Polluted water that flows into natural marshlands leads to the deposition of pollutants in the interior of the marsh. Here we present evidence that the interior of the Central Marsh (CM) in southern Iraq suffers from higher levels of pollution than areas closer to the source of water entering the marsh (the Euphrates River). A 1.7m embankment that halts the flow of the Euphrates is only infrequently breached and so the CM is effectively the terminal destination of the waters (and their associated pollutants and agricultural waste) flowing from the West of Iraq.
A range of water quality metrics were measured where the Euphrates enters the CM and at increasing distances into the interior of the CM. The following measures were taken: NO2, NO3, PO4 , Salinity, Major ions, and Heavy Metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn). The area of study was divided into four horizontal zones (the river and three zones inside the marsh) and eight field surveys were carried out from November 2013 to June 2014 to collect water samples by using a transect line methodology.
Salinity and major ions (Na, K, Cl, Ca, and Mg) were significantly higher inside the marsh compared with levels in the river water immediately before it entered the CM. These findings indicate the increased risk of these pollutants to humans and wildlife living in and using the CM. This issue requires urgent attention, especially to the status of the CM as a World Heritage site (for the ecosystem services provided to local people) as an Important Biodiversity Area. The reported declines in water quantity in the Euphrates over recent decades will likely further exacerbate the problems we report.
Analysis On The Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Poverty Risk Caused By Disaster Under The Stress of Geological Disasters – A Case Study of Sichuan Province
Authors: Xiang Mingshun , Duan Linsen , Wei Fengran , Yang Jin , Li Wenheng , Wang Chunjian , Yang Wenbo , Deng Qiuchi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Research on the poverty risk caused by disasters in disaster - prone areas is a useful exploration to coordinate social economic development with disaster prevention and reduction, and is of great significance to regional sustainable development. Based on statistical data and spatial data, this paper takes Sichuan Province as the typical research area. Remote sensing and geographic information technology are used to study the poverty risk caused by disasters based on the quantitative evaluation of geological disasters risk and regional development level. the spatial differentiation characteristics of poverty risk caused by disasters are explored on the 1 km × 1 km grid scale. The results indicate that: (1) The overall risk of geological disasters in Sichuan Province is relatively high, with high and relatively high risk areas accounting for more than 40%, low and relatively low risk areas accounting for less than 30%. The risks in Mountain and Ravine Areas are significantly higher than other areas. (2) The regional development level in Sichuan Province is relatively high, but with significant the spatial differences. The development level of high-altitude areas and remote mountainous areas is quite different from that of the Chengdu Plain in the middle Sichuan Province. the problem of uneven development in the east, middle, and west is prominent. (3) The poverty risk caused by disasters is high, and the spatial pattern presents a characteristic of “high in the west and low in the east” with high positive spatial correlation. High - High Cluster Areas are mainly distributed in western and southwestern Sichuan. Low - Low Outlier Areas are mainly distributed in Chengdu Plain and Hilly Areas of Sichuan Basin. High - Low Outlier and Low - High Outlier Areas occupy a relatively small percentage with scattered distribution. This paper provides a reference for the coordinated management of disaster prevention and reduction, as well as social and economic development in underdeveloped areas.
Massively parallel identification of zipcodes in primary cortical neurons
Authors: Chekulaeva Marina , von Kügelgen Nicolai , Mendonsa Samantha , Dantsuji Sayaka , Ron Maya , Kirchner Marieluise , Zerna Nadja , Bujanic Lucija , Mertins Philipp , Ulitsky Igor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cells adopt highly polarized shapes and form distinct subcellular compartments largely due to the localization of many mRNAs to specific areas, where they are translated into proteins with local functions. This mRNA localization is mediated by specific cis-regulatory elements in mRNAs, commonly called "zipcodes." Their recognition by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) leads to the integration of the mRNAs into macromolecular complexes and their localization. While there are hundreds of localized mRNAs, only a few zipcodes have been characterized. Here, we describe a novel neuronal zipcode identification protocol (N-zip) that can identify zipcodes across hundreds of 3'UTRs. This approach combines a method of separating the principal subcellular compartments of neurons – cell bodies and neurites - with a massively parallel reporter assay. Our analysis identifies the let-7 binding site and (AU)n motif as de novo zipcodes in mouse primary cortical neurons and suggests a strategy for detecting many more.
Ozurdex Treatment for Retinal Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Hui-xin , Yang Yu-qin , Yuan Ying , Li Jing-jing , Mei Zubing , Zou Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ozurdex, a dexamethasone (DEX) implant, for the treatment of macular edema (ME) caused by retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched from inception to July 11, 2021 for studies evaluating the clinical efficacy of Ozurdex for patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema (RVO-ME) or diabetic macular edema (DME). Eligible studies were published in English and were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was applied to assess the risk of bias in each study. Effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random effects model. We also conducted subgroup analyses to explore sources of heterogeneity and the stability of the results.Results This meta-analysis included 7 RCTs (RVO-ME [n=2] and DME [n=5]) assessing a total of 251 eyes. Compared with anti-VEGF therapy, Ozurdex treatment achieved superior outcomes in terms of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (mean difference [MD] =-2.83 ([95% CI, -5.60 to -0.05], P=0.05), while no heterogeneity was found (P=0.49, I2=0%). Ozurdex treatment also significantly reduced central macular thickness (CMT) compared with anti-VEGF treatment (MD =-31.32 [95% CI, -57.92 to -4.72], P=0.02) and showed high between-trial heterogeneity (P=0.04, I2=54%). In terms of severe adverse events, Ozurdex treatment had a higher risk of elevated intraocular pressure than anti-VEGF therapy (RR=5.14; 95% CI: 1.42 to 18.66; P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in cataract progression between the two groups (RR=1.83; 95% CI: 0.63 to 5.27, P=0.31).Conclusions Compared with anti-VEGF therapy, Ozurdex treatment is more effective in improving BCVA and reducing ME. Additionally, Ozurdex treatment has a higher risk of elevated intraocular pressure. Due to the small number of studies and the short follow-up period, the results should be interpreted with caution. The long-term effects of the two treatments need to be further determined.
Information Efficiency of the European CO2 Trading Market in the Period 2008-2021
Authors: Meraz Monica , Alvarez-Ramirez Jose , Rodriguez Eduardo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work examined the information efficiency of the European CO2 trading market for the period 2008-2021. The analysis is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) approach and the task is to test whether the dynamics of logarithmic price differences are consistent with a random process. The results showed that the information efficiency changes over time and scales, which is in line with adaptive market hypothesis notions. High market efficiency was exhibited in Phase II (2008-2012), but large deviations from efficiency, especially for quarterly scale, were exhibited in Phase III. However, Phase IV has shown a behavior that is consistent with the information efficiency. The findings in the present study suggest that the European carbon market is gradually attaining a state of financial maturity.
Urologic Oncology Patient Perspectives During COVID-19 Treatment Delays
Authors: Faris Anna , Herrel Lindsey , Montie James , Chisholm Stephanie , Duby Ashley , Wittmann Daniela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic led to delays in urologic cancer treatment. We sought the patient perspective on these delays.
Methods

We conducted a mixed methods study with an explanatory-sequential design. Survey findings are presented here. Patients from a Midwestern Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network provided demographic and clinical data and responded to statements asking them to characterize their experience of treatment delay, patient-provider communication and coping strategies. We quantified patient distress with an ordinal scale (0-10), based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer (NCCN-DT).
Results

Forty-four consenting patients responded to the survey. Most were older than 61 years (77%) and male (66%). Their diagnoses included bladder (45%), prostate (30%) and kidney (20%) cancers. Median time since diagnosis was 6 months, 95% had plans for surgical treatment. Dominant reactions to treatment delay included fear that cancer would progress (50%) and relief at avoiding COVID-19 exposure (43%). Most patients reported feeling that their providers acknowledged their emotions (70%), yet 52% did not receive follow up phone calls and only 55% felt continually supported by their providers. Patients’ median distress level was 5/10 with 68% of patients reaching a clinically significant level of distress (≥4). Thematically grouped suggestions for providers included better communication (18%), more personalized support (14%), and better patient education (11%).
Conclusion

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a high proportion of urologic cancer patients reached a clinically significant level of distress. While they felt concern from providers, they desired more engagement and personalized care.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Perceptions of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Adults in Hawaiʻi
Authors: Odegard Brittany R , Ferguson Mollie R , Naja Farah , Ayoub Jennifer , Banna Jinan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is defined as a group of diverse medical and healthcare practices outside of conventional medicine modalities. The use of CAM is steadily increasing despite gaps in the scientific evidence supporting its use and the challenges of its regulation and integration into conventional healthcare practices. In this context, perceptions concerning CAM become important. The purpose of this study is to identify the perceptions of CAM among adult residents of Hawaiʻi.Methods: Two researchers conducted audio-recorded interviews at the University of Hawaiʻi Mānoa (UHM) campus. Participants were over the age of 18, spoke English fluently, and self-identified as Hawaiʻi residents. Interviews were conducted to the point of data saturation and audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Researchers collaboratively developed a codebook and used NVivo 12 to analyze transcripts. New codes were added as required. Inter-rater reliability was determined by calculating Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Key themes were identified by both researchers individually and then discussed and evaluated together.Results: Participants were mostly female, white, and affiliated with UHM. Perceptions were categorized as positive, negative, and neutral. The majority of participants had positive perceptions of CAM with few reporting negative perceptions. The positive perceptions were related to CAM’s perceived effectiveness, the desirability of CAM compared to conventional medicine, and CAM’s ability to foster well-being. Negative perceptions were attributed to the lack of scientific evidence and ineffective outcomes of CAM use. Neutral perceptions of CAM related to its safety and natural characteristics. Conclusions: The finding of this study revealed mainly positive perceptions of CAM revealed among Hawaiʻi residents. Use of CAM is on the rise despite CAM lacking empirical evidence demonstrating efficacy. With insufficient data and understanding, CAM users place themselves at risk for harmful herb-herb and herb-drug interactions. These findings have implications for healthcare providers of both conventional medicine and CAM traditions.
Eradication of Klebsiella Quasipneumoniae By Eudragit-Formulated Klebicin Kvaria In The Intestinal Tract of Mice
Authors: Karaliute Indre , Ramonaite Rima , Bernatoniene Jurga , Petrikaite Vilma , Misiunas Audrius , Denkovskiene Erna , Razanskiene Ausra , Gleba Yuri , Kupcinskas Juozas , Skieceviciene Jurgita 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Klebsiella quasipneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing antibiotic-resistant infections of the gastrointestinal tract in many clinical cases. Orally delivered bioactive Klebsiella-specific antimicrobial proteins, klebicins, could be a promising method to eradicate Klebsiella species infecting the gut.Methods: Mouse infection model wasestablished based on infection of streptomycin treated BALB/C mice with K. quasipneumoniae strain DSM28212. Four study groups were used (3 animals/group) to test the antimicrobial efficacy of orally delivered klebicin KvarIa: vehicle-only group (control, phosphate-buffered saline), and other three groups with bacteria, antibiotic therapy and 100 µg of uncoated Kvarla, 100 µg coated KvarIa, 1000 µg coated-KvarIa. Because of the general sensitivity of bacteriocins to gastroduodenal proteases, Kvarla doses were coated with Eudragit®, a GMP-certified formulation agent that releases the protein at certain pH. The coating treatment was selected based on measurements of mouse GI tract pH. The quantity of Klebsiella haemolysin gene (khe) in faecal samples of the study animals was used to quantify the presence of Klebsiella.Results: GI colonization of K. quasipneumoniae was achieved only in the antibiotic-treated mice groups. Significant changes in khe marker quantification were found after the use of Eudragit® S100 formulated klebicin KvarIa, at both doses, with a significant reduction of K. quasipneumoniae colonization compared to the vehicle-only control group.Conclusions: Mouse GI tract colonization with K. quasipneumoniae can be achieved if natural gut microbiota is suppressed by prior antibiotic treatment. The study demonstrates that GI infection caused by K. quasipneumoniae can be significantly reduced using Eudragit®-protected klebicin KvarIa.
The Efficacy and Safety of Letrozole or Anastrozole in The Treatment of Specific Male Infertility Patients: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Guo Bin , Li Jiao-jiao , Ma Ya-ling , Zhao Yu-tao , Liu Jian-guo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Letrozole (LE) or anastrozole (AZ) is clinically beneficial in male infertility patients with a low testosterone-estradiol ratio (T/E2). Many scholars believe it has the potential to become one of the effective drugs to treat male infertility. But some relevant research results are different or even the opposite. Study Question: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of letrozole or anastrozole in the treatment of specific male infertility patients. Data Sources: We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang Date through August 2021 for all studies.Study Design: We conducted a systematic review with meta- analysis of the all available literature reporting sperm conventional parameters, gonadotropin and testosterone levels, and/or the pregnancy rate. Results: The total of 10 studies involving 280 patients were included. LE or AZ administration increased significantly sperm concentration, total sperm count, and serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone levels and T / E2 compared with baseline values, but E2 levels were significantly reduced. In contrast, LE or AZ did not have any significant effect on sperm concentration and motility and pregnancy rate, but improved total sperm count, sperm morphology, compared to the control group, which included studies done with Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SEMR) or testosterone undecanoate (TU). Conclusion: LE or AZ may be effective in the treatment of low T / E2 male infertility, perhaps better than other anti-estrogen or exogenous testosterone supplementation. In addition, we should pay special attention to the changes of E2 during treatment.
The Study on the Clinical Phenotype and Function of HPRT1 Gene
Authors: Guo Miao , Chen Yucai , Lin Longlong , Wang Yilin , Wang Anqi , Yuan Fang , Wang Chunmei , Wang Simei , Zhang Yuanfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a rare x-linked purine metabolic neurogenetic disease caused by enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoriribosyltransferase(HGprt) deficiency, also known as self-destructive appearance syndrome. A series of manifestations are caused by abnormal purine metabolism. The typical clinical manifestations are hyperuricemia, growth retardation, mental retardation, short stature, dance-like athetosis, aggressive behavior, and compulsive self-harm.. Results: we identified a point mutation c.151C > T (p. Arg51*) in a pedigree. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of children in a family, and obtained the blood of their parents and siblings for second-generation sequencing. At the same time, we also analyzed and compared the expression of HPRT1 gene and predicted the three-dimensional structure of the protein. And we analyzed the clinical manifestations caused by the defect of the HPRT1 genethe mutation led to the termination of transcription at the 51st arginine, resulting in the production of truncated protein, and the relative expression of HPRT1 gene in patients was significantly lower than other family members and 10 normal individuals. Conclusion: this mutation leads to the early termination of protein translation and the formation of a truncated HPRT protein, which affects the function of the protein and generates corresponding clinical manifestations.