bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer marking of OSCEs within a UK pharmacy undergraduate programme - student views
Authors: Deslandes Rhian , Hughes Louise 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) assess competencies in undergraduate pharmacy students. Students in senior years marked those in the year below during a formative OSCE.
Method: The study explored the views of students who marked and had been marked by peers via an online survey. Ethical approval was obtained.
Results: 115 (36%) of markers and 114 (35%) of those who were marked responded. Most students who were marked agreed that it was a positive experience and were comfortable receiving feedback from their peers; there were varied views on student marker consistency and how they were not equivalent to staff markers. Student markers felt prepared and confident giving feedback and marks. Markers felt it was a beneficial experience. Working collaboratively with another marker and assessing more than one student was valuable to allow discussion and inform their own OSCE.
Conclusion: Overall, students supported this initiative, which has now been embedded into the undergraduate programme.
Conocimientos biológicos de la homosexualidad y transexualidad en estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile (Biological knowledge of homosexuality and transsexuality in Physical Education students in Chile)
Authors: Maureira Fernando 
Published: June 2021

Introducción: la homosexualidad y la transexualidad están mediadas por mecanismos biológicos de tipo genético, accionar temprano de hormonas y por mecanismos ambientales, lo que repercute en cambios estructurales y funcionales de diversas regiones cerebrales. El objetivo de la presente investigación es describir los conocimientos biológicos de la homosexualidad y transexualidad de estudiantes de Educación Física. Método: se construyó y valido un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc a 305 estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física de tres universidades de Chile. Resultados: el cuestionario quedó constituido por 18 ítems, además presenta seis factores que explican el 58.378% de la varianza y un alfa de Cronbach de .763. El ítem que presentó mayor cantidad de respuestas acertadas fue Existe un “gen gay” que determina la homosexualidad y el lesbianismo y el que presento menor cantidad de aciertos fue Cuando una mujer es lesbiana existen más probabilidad que su hermana también sea lesbiana. Conclusión: los análisis demuestran que el instrumento es válido y confiable para evaluar el conocimiento biológico de la homosexualidad y transexualidad en estudiantes de Pedagogía en Educación Física. En 14 ítems más del 50% de la muestra contesto no sé y el 78.6% de la muestra obtuvo sólo entre una y seis respuestas correctas.
Abstract. Introduction: homosexuality and transsexuality are mediated by biological mechanisms of genetic type, early action of hormones and by environmental mechanisms, affecting structural and functional changes in various brain regions. The aim of this research is describe the biological knowledge of homosexuality and transsexuality for students of Physical Education. Method: an ad hoc questionnaire was built and applied to 305 students of Pedagogy in Physical Education from three universities in Chile. Results: the questionnaire was constituted by 18 items, in addition it presents six factors that explain the 58.378% of variance and a Cronbach alpha of .763. The item that presented the most successful answers was There is a "gay gene" that determines homosexuality and lesbianism and the one that presents the least number of successful was When a woman is a lesbian there is more chance that her sister is also a lesbian. Conclusion: Analyses show that the instrument is valid and reliable for assessing the biological knowledge of homosexuality and transsexuality in students of Physical Education Pedagogy. In 14 items more than 50% of the sample answered I do not know and 78.6% of the sample obtained only between one and six correct answers.
Laryngeal Trauma
Authors: Singh Gurbax , Prinja Sumit , Parmar Suchina , Bansal Garima , Jindal Simmi 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Laryngeal trauma can be an immediately life-threatening entity. Failure to recognize such injuries and delay in securing the airway may have fatal results. Early diagnosis and accurate evaluation with proper treatment is vital.
Materials and Methods
Fifteen patients with laryngotracheal injuries were analyzed prospectively. The outcome was assessed both in terms of voice and airway, on short term and long term basis.
Result
Commonest cause of injury was suicidal followed by road traffic accidents and strangulation. The main presenting symptoms and signs were stridor, hoarseness, haemoptysis and odynophagia. Five patients suffered penetrating trauma and ten patient sustained blunt trauma. Sites of laryngeal injury included; hyoid bone fracture, mixed soft tissue and cartilaginous injuries, thyrohyoid membrane and cricothyroid membrane injuries. Eleven patients presented within 24 hours of the injury. Outcome (airway and voice) was good in ten patients whereas it was poor in three patients. Poor results were seen in patients who had delayed surgical intervention.
Conclusion
Early surgical intervention is recommended for traumatic laryngeal injuries to ensure a good outcome; which further depends upon patient’s condition, injury and treatment-specific factors.
AUGMENTED MARITIME: INOVASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MENINGKATKAN LITERASI KEMARITIMAN ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Sandita Robi 
Published: June 2021

Media pembelajaran merupakan alat atau perantara yang berfungsi untuk memudahkan proses belajar mengajar agar komunikasi antara guru dan siswa lebih efektif. Hal ini dapat memudahkan siswa menerima dan memahami pelajaran serta menanggulangi masalah kebutuhan dan karakteristik belajar siswa yang berbeda-beda. Masuknya pembelajaran abad 21 ditandai dengan perubahan era revolusi industri 4.0 yang berdampak pada pemanfaatan teknologi dalam dunia pendidikan. Peserta didik yang sudah terbiasa dengan arus informasi dan teknologi memberikan tantangan bagi guru dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa di era digital. Dewasa ini berkembangnya media pembelajaran yang menarik dan interaktif namun dinilai belum efektif dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran yang sifatnya benda/mesin serta jarang ditemui oleh siswa khususnya pada bidang materi perkapalan di SMKN 10 Padang. Adanya media AR Ensiklopedia Maritime Ship akan menyuguhkan materi jenis perkapalan yang seolah nyata dengan benda yang dipelajari. AR Ensiklopedia Maritime Ship dikembangkan untuk menjawab tantang revolusi industri 4.0 dalam dunia pendidikan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan R&D dengan menggunakan model ADDIE pada tahap penelitian Shop ini dibatasi tanpa mencapai langkah implementasi (praktikalitas). Media ini dirancang dan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi berbasis android dalam pembelajaran. Bentuk dari media ini akan menyuguhkah materi tentang jenis perkapalan di Indonesia dalam bentuk tiga dimensi yang nyata dengan berbantuan buku bergambar sebagai marker. Media ini dibutuhkan oleh guru dan siswa sebagai inovasi pembelajaran kemaritiman serta mengatasi masalah perbedaan karakteristik belajar siswa yang berbeda-beda serta menjawab tantangan guru di era pendidikan revolusi industri 4.0.
UMA GEOGRAFIA (I)MATERIAL VOLTADA PARA A PRÁXIS TERRITORIAL POPULAR E DESCOLONIAL / A (im)material Geography focused on popular and decolonial territorial praxis / Una geografía (in)material centrada en la praxis territorial popular y decolonial
Authors: Saquet Marcos Aurelio 
Published: June 2021

Neste texto, que resulta das nossas inquietações, pesquisas e colaborações dentro e fora da universidade, ilustramos importantes aspectos da nossa práxis territorial popular e descolonial, por meio de alguns dos resultados do nosso trabalho de pesquisa e cooperação realizado com camponeses de diferentes municípios do Sudoeste do Paraná (sujeitos individuais e/ou associados) e com cidadãos da periferia da cidade de Francisco Beltrão, trabalhando em equipes interdisciplinares e interinstitucionais e, especialmente, com os sujeitos “estudados” em cada projeto. Nós optamos por uma abordagem territorial e popular de pesquisa e de trabalho solidário, centrado na participação social, no diálogo e na integração de conhecimentos acadêmicos e populares, práxis que efetivamos em três projetos nos quais experimentamos alguns processos de desenvolvimento territorial, no campo e na cidade, numa perspectiva contra-hegemônica e descolonial.Como citar este artigo: SAQUET, Marcos. Uma Geografia (i)material voltada para a práxis territorial popular e descolonial. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 57, p. 54-78, Dossiê I ELAMSS, 2021.
ESTIMATING ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL BY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INTERDEPENDENCE EFFECT CASE STUDY: HIGH RISE OFFICE BUILDING IN JAKARTA
Authors: Widayati Endang 
Published: June 2021

Abstrak: Tujuan studi ini adalah membandingkan perhitungan potensi penghematan energi tanpa memperhitungkan efek interdepensi dengan perhitungan potensi penghematan energi dengan memperhitungkan efek interdependensi berdasarkan studi kasus pada bangunan gedung terkondisikan. Estimasi potensi penghematan energi yang akurat akan menghasilkan proyek konservasi dan efisiensi energi yang bankable akan meningkatkan kepercayaan terhadap investasi proyek – proyek penghematan energi. Hal ini akan meminimalkan ketidakpastian penghematan energi yang dapat dicapai serta meningkatkan potensi untuk mencegah risiko investasi dari implementasi proyek – proyek konservasi dan efisiensi energi. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan estimasi penghematan energi sebesar 4,29% pada ESM-1 yaitu retrofit tata cahaya dan kenaikan estimasi penghematan energi sebesar 22,75% pada ESM-2 yaitu pemasangan VSD pada AHU. Pengaruh interdependensi tersebut adalah adanya pengurangan cooling load pada bangunan gedung karena efek interdependensi pada ESM-1 dan ESM -2. Secara total perhitungan efek interdependensi akan meningkatkan prosentase total estimasi potensi penghematan energi dari 34.23% menjadi 39,05% berdasarkan baseline energi dengan baseyear yang telah ditetapkan atau meningkat sebesar 4,82%. Perhitungan efek interdependensi akan sangat berpengaruh untuk meminimalisasi ketidakpastian apabila proyek proyek konservasi dan efisiensi energi dibiayai dengan energy performance contract dengan skema guaranteed saving maupung shared saving. Perlu tindak lanjut dari studi ini yaitu perhitungan dan verfifikasi penghematan energi hasil implementasi ESM-1, ESM-2 dan ESM-3 pada tahun berjalan.
The Baroque Rhetoric of Vision and the Wunderkammer: A Neobaroque Allegory of Reading in Jeffrey Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides
Authors: Rusiłowicz Kamil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Is it possible for a dead woman to retain her subjectivity within a story narrated by a man who mourns her? Or is she doomed to become nourishment for a literary display of male ego? As argued by Juliana Schiesari in The Gendering of Melancholia, the canon of melancholy is populated by men of letters whose elevation depends on devaluing female experience of loss. This paper applies the neobaroque framework to the analysis of Jeffrey Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides and reads the novel as an allegorical investigation of the relation between male melancholy and femininity. The article argues that the novel, while remaining rooted in the canon of Western melancholy, reveals the contradiction within the melancholy discourse. On the one hand, the narrator seems devoted to uncovering the reason behind the Lisbon girls’ suicides; on the other, his investigation is conditioned upon the impossibility of closure. In his obsessive accumulation of signs that promise to solve the mystery, the narrator allows for the only relevant testimony to remain unexamined, hidden in plain sight within the narrator's narrative excess. Cecilia's unedited confession provides a glimpse of the female self which must remain an enigma that propels the narrator's overproduction of meaning.
Graphs of Neighborhood Metric Dimension Two
Authors: Sooryanarayana Badekara , Agani Shanmukha Suma 
Published: June 2021

A subset of vertices of a simple connected graph is a neighborhood set (n-set) of G if G is the union of subgraphs of G induced by the closed neighbors of elements in S. Further, a set S is a resolving set of G if for each pair of distinct vertices x,y of G, there is a vertex s∈ S such that d(s,x)≠d(s,y). An n-set that serves as a resolving set for G is called an nr-set of G. The nr-set with least cardinality is called an nr-metric basis of G and its cardinality is called the neighborhood metric dimension of graph G. In this paper, we characterize graphs of neighborhood metric dimension two.
The Use of Sailing Simulation to Increase Participation
Authors: Binns Jonathan R. , Habgood Mark , Saunders Norman R. , Cunningham Paula , Mooney John 
Published: June 2021

Virtual Sailing (VS) has been producing the world’s only ride-on sailing simulator for 10 years. Based on fundamental principles of sailing dynamics the underlying simulation has shown great robustness permitting significant R&D to be performed and retrofitted to existing simulators.
The initial intention of the VSail-Trainer was for fitness training and physiological evaluation of elite athletes. Although this has shown promise, with four sailors at the recent Olympics using and praising the simulator as a useful tool for fitness training, tactics and strategy development, the real value in terms of human interaction with sailing has been shown in recent years to be in introducing novice sailors to sailing.
Perhaps the most exciting area that the simulator is finding extended use is in rehabilitation of spinal injury patients. For a recent spinal cord injury (SCI) patient the thought of getting into a small sailing boat must be daunting. However, combined with simulation hours the jump from wheelchair to water is becoming quite successful, with one recent participant transferring from simulator to on water sailing within 6 months and has recently been selected for the Skud 18 world championships in July 2010 and then qualifying her country (New Zealand) to compete in the 2012 Paralympics.
The essential ingredients for the success of this simulator are: its level of immersion and the degree of active involvement of the participants. As sailing is a complex interaction of cognitive, motor and perceptual skills, the correct balance of immersion and interaction is crucial to an effective simulation. This paper will describe why the VSail-Trainer might just have this balance right.
A Simple Risk Scoring System for Predicting Recurrence in Women with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC) Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT)
Authors: Agrawal Sushma , Mishra Prabhakar , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Gaurav 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer commonly presents in locally advanced stage (LABC) in developing countries, for which NACT followed by surgery and radiotherapy is the standard of care. There is a need for a simple tool to risk categorise patients in the clinic, so that treatment intensification can be offered to women with high risk of recurrence.
Materials and Methods: Data of prospectively maintained database of LABC (between January 2007 - December 2012), who received NACT followed by surgery, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy was retrospectively analysed for clinico-pathological factors associated with disease recurrences. A recurrence risk scoring model was developed on the basis of regression coefficient of identified independent risk factors.
Results: In the data set of 206 patients, the median follow-up was 48 months (range: 6-156 months) and mean and median disease-free survival (DFS) were 87.41 and 85 months. The 1, 5, 10 years DFS was 95%, 54% and 41%. The independent risk factors (on modified p value <0.40) for recurrence were Tumour stage, Nodes stage, grade, age groups, pathologic complete response, intrinsic subtype, and type of surgery. Risk score prepared by regression coefficient (β), was in the range of 1-8 with median score of 5. ROC curve showed that area under ROC Curve of the score was 71.8% (95% CI: 64.8%-78.8%, p<0.001). To detect recurrences, a risk score ≥3 had at least 93.1% sensitivity and 31.9% specificity whereas score ≥4 had at least 73.5% sensitivity and 59.6% specificity. Based on cluster analysis, score 1-4 was identified as low risk whereas 5-6 as moderate risk group and ≥7 identified as high-risk group and their mean/median disease free survival time were 107.86/ NR, 66.99/30 months and 58.34/20 months respectively.
Conclusions: The significant difference in DFS among three risk groups, indicates goodness of the fit of our risk score model. The risk scoring model developed by us is simple, easy to use in clinic and can be used for selecting high risk patients who benefit from treatment intensification.
Using Glufosinate in Sequential Application Systems with Dicamba on Palmer Amaranth
Authors: Ogden Grace Flusche , Dotray Peter A. 
Published: June 2021

Aims: Determine the influence of sequential spray order and role of glufosinate when used in a system with dicamba to control Palmer amaranth at three different growth stages.
Study design: Randomized complete block design with four replications
Place and duration of Study: A fallow, non-crop field at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, Texas, during the 2018-2019 growing seasons
Methodology: Herbicides were applied to < 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm, and > 30 cm Palmer amaranth with a handheld 1.93m CO2-pressurized backpack calibrated to deliver 140 L ha-1 at 207 kPa. Palmer amaranth control was visually estimated on a scale of 0 (no control) to 100% (complete plant death) relative to the nontreated control. Palmer amaranth biomass and density were taken when all plots reached 50% or less control in 2019. Palmer amaranth control, biomass, and density were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD at an alpha of 0.05.
Results: Palmer amaranth control decreased as Palmer amaranth size at initial application increased. A difference in efficacy based on herbicide order was observed for < 10 cm Palmer amaranth. Glufosinate followed by dicamba was less effective (76-83%) than dicamba followed by glufosinate (93-96%) at 2 of 4 rating dates following sequential applications in both years. Dicamba + acetochlor followed by glufosinate provided greater Palmer amaranth control than dicamba followed by dicamba at one or more rating dates across all weed sizes.
Conclusion: Glufosinate served as a complimentary partner in the dicamba-based system, and additional modes of action will be more effective to slow the development of resistance to group 4 herbicides when compared to repeated use of a group 4 herbicide used alone.
Ultrasonographic detection of single umbilical artery: a simple marker of fetal anomaly
Authors: Şener T. , Özalp S. , Hassa H. , Zeytinoglu S. , Başaran N. , Durak B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To detect associated anomalies, karyotypes and perinatal prognosis of fetuses with single umbilical artery. Method: Fifteen fetuses who have single umbilical artery were evaluated in the obstetrical ultrasonography and medical genetics departments of Osmangazi University. Results: Fifteen fetuses with single umbilical artery were detected during antenatal ultrasonographic examinations. Associated sonographic abnormalities include oligohydramnios (two), intrauterine growth retardation (one), renal agenesis (one), fetal ascites (one), diaphragmatic hernia (one), hydrocephalus (two), and meningomyelocele (one). Complications related to the pregnancy were pre‐eclampsia in one case and abruptio placenta in another. Karyotype analysis was available in 11 cases and the only cytogenetic abnormality detected was trisomy 18 in one case. Two cases with hydrocephalus and single umbilical artery were delivered by cesarean section at 34 and 38 weeks, but both died (on the first and fifth days after birth). Five pregnancies were terminated because of intrauterine death (one), severe pre‐eclampsia (one), cytogenetic abnormality (one), and multiple congenital anomalies associated with single umbilical artery (two) at 36, 27, 22, 26 and 29 weeks, respectively. Eight of the neonates who had no additional congenital or cytogenetic abnormality were completely normal at birth and during the neonatal period. Diagnoses were confirmed pathologically in all cases. Conclusion: Scanning the umbilical cord should be one of the essential parts of ultrasonographic examination. When single umbilical artery is detected, a detailed ultrasonographic examination is necessary to rule out associated abnormalities. We advise fetal karyotyping even when no additional pathology can be detected on ultrasonographic examination.
Viability of ischemia/reperfused muscles in rat: a new evaluation method by RNA degradation
Authors: Akahane M. , Ono H. , Ohgushi H. , Tamai S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe rat's skeletal muscle viability was evaluated using the muscle viability index (MVI) which reflects the mRNA degradation. To evaluate ischemic injury of the muscle, 24 hind limbs of Fischer rats (three subgroups of eight rats each) were preserved at normothermia for 1, 3 and 6 h and then tibialis anterior muscle was harvested. To investigate ischemia/reperfusion injury, another 48 limbs were transplanted to recipient Fischer rats after the ischemia at normothermia for 1, 3 and 6 h, respectively. The transplanted muscles were harvested on day 3 and day 7 after transplantation. Eight fresh muscles were also harvested and used as control. Total RNA isolated from each muscle was fractionated by electrophoresis and hybridized with 32P‐labelled cDNA of GAPDH, and the radioactivity of intact and degraded GAPDH mRNA was measured. MVI was calculated as follows, MVI = {X/(X + Y)} × 100, where X and Y represent the radioactivities corresponding to intact GAPDH and degraded GAPDH mRNA band, respectively.In 1‐h ischemia group, the MVI indices of both ischemic insult and ischemia/reperfusion group were comparable to control. In the 3‐h ischemia group, the index of ischemia/reperfused group was comparable to control although the index of ischemic insult group was significantly lower than control. However, in the 6‐h ischemia group, both indices of ischemic insult and ischemia/ reperfusion group were significantly lower than control. These results show that the muscle damage was detected in ischemia at normothermia even after 3 h. However, this damage was overcome by reperfusion. There was no recovery from damage in muscles that had been preserved for more than 6 h which had resulted in irreversible degeneration. Therefore, in clinical muscle transplantation, one has to transplant the muscle at least within 3‐h ischemia.
Pamidronate decreases tumor‐induced osteoclastogenesis in osteopetrotic mice
Authors: Clohisy Denis R. , O'Keefe Patrick F. , Ramnaraine Margaret L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRecent studies indicate that the bisphosphonate pamidronate reduces skeletal complications caused by tumor osteolysis. In this investigation, the cellular mechanism through which pamidronate affects tumor‐induced osteoclastogenesis is studied in osteopetrotic mice. A unique animal model is employed which studies the effect of pamidronate on a tumor (2472 sarcoma) which induces osteoclastogenesis in osteoclast‐deficient mice (oplop). This model provides opportunity to specifically study effects on osteoclast formation and findings suggest that pamidronate decreases the number of osteoclasts at sites of 2472 tumor by decreasing the number of osteoclast precursor cells at the level of myeloid precursors. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.