bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-flight radiometric and polarimetric calibration of the Directional Polarimetric Camera onboard the GaoFen-5 satellite over the ocean
Authors: Qie Lili , Li Zhengqiang , Zhu Sifeng , Xu Hua , Xie Yisong , Qiao Rui , Hong Jin , Tu Bihai 
Published: July 2021

The Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC) is the first Chinese multi-angle polarized
Earth observation satellite sensor, which was successfully launched on
9 May 2018, onboard the GaoFen-5 satellite in the Chinese
High-Resolution Earth Observation Program. The DPC’s observation is
one of the most important space-borne multi-spectral, multi-angular
polarimetric measurements of the global Earth-atmosphere system at the
present stage. Although rigorous radiometric calibration had been
performed for the DPC before launch, its in-flight performance may
change because of the process of launch, harsh environment of space,
and aging of the sensor. Due to the absence of the onboard calibration
system, vicarious calibration methods are necessary for the DPC’s
in-flight performance monitoring and calibration. In this paper, we
adapted the Rayleigh absolute calibration method, the sun glint
inter-band calibration method, and the sun glint polarization
calibration method to the DPC sensor. First, the calibration errors of
these three methods caused by ancillary data uncertainties
(e.g., aerosol, chlorophyll concentration, absorption gases amount,
and wind speed) were analyzed in detail. The error budgets show that
the aerosol parameters (optical thickness and aerosol model) are some
of the critical factors affecting both the radiometric and
polarimetric calibration accuracies for the Rayleigh and sun glint
methods. The DPC radiometric and polarimetric in-flight calibration
during its commissioning phase was then implemented. The absolute
coefficients of short spectral bands (443, 490, 565, and 670 nm) were
calibrated by the well-characterized Rayleigh scattering signal over
the ocean. Using the 565 nm band as a reference band, the Rayleigh
absolute calibration was then transferred to other bands (443, 490,
670, and 865 nm) through inter-band calibration using the specular
reflection of the sun over the ocean. The polarization measurements of
the DPC at polarized bands (490, 670, and 865 nm) were calibrated with
the polarized reflection of the sun glint over ocean. The preliminary
results show that the radiometric sensitivity of the DPC changed very
little after launch at the four visible bands. The absolute
calibration coefficient differences from pre-flight calibration are
smaller than 0.5% at the 443 and 670 nm bands, while they are within

±
2

%

at the 490 and 565 nm bands. However,
a large deviation at 865 nm band of about 9% from pre-flight
calibration was indicated by the sun glint inter-band calibration. The
degree of linear polarization measurement of the DPC is validated with
high accuracy of about 0.02 at the 865 nm band, while the deviation at
490 and 670 nm bands are relatively larger, reaching 0.04. The
DPC/GaoFen-5 shows a good in-flight performance of radiometric
measurement and generally reliable polarimetric measurement after
launch.
Deep-learning-based hologram generation using a generative model
Authors: Kang Ji-Won , Park Byung-Seo , Kim Jin-Kyum , Kim Dong-Wook , Seo Young-Ho 
Published: July 2021

We propose a new learning and inferring model that generates digital holograms using deep neural networks (DNNs). This DNN uses a generative adversarial network, trained to infer a complex two-dimensional fringe pattern from a single object point. The intensity and fringe patterns inferred for each object point were multiplied, and all the fringe patterns were accumulated to generate a perfect hologram. This method can achieve generality by recording holograms for two spaces (16 Space and 32 Space). The reconstruction results of both spaces proved to be almost the same as numerical computer-generated holograms by showing the performance at 44.56 and 35.11 dB, respectively. Through displaying the generated hologram in the optical equipment, we proved that the holograms generated by the proposed DNN can be optically reconstructed.
Silica-based photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with 1,2-dibromoethane for supercontinuum generation
Authors: Le Van Hieu , Hoang Van Thuy , Le Canh Trung , Dinh Quang Ho , Nguyen Hue Thi , Thi Minh Ngoc Vo , Klimczak Mariusz , Buczynski Ryszard , Kasztelanic Rafał 
Published: July 2021

This study proposes a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) made of fused silica glass with the core infiltrated with 1,2-dibromoethane (

C

2

H

4

B
r

2

) as a new source of supercontinuum light pulses. Due to the modifications of the PCF’s structure geometry, a number of computer simulations investigating their optimized structures has been carried out. This aimed at achieving flat near-zero dispersion and zero dispersion wavelength matching of the pump wavelength for efficient spectral broadening. Based on the obtained results, the structural geometries of two

C

2

H

4

B
r

2

-core PCFs were optimized using numerical modeling for broadband supercontinuum (SC) generation. The first fiber structure with a lattice constant 1.5 µm and filling factor 0.4 has all-normal dispersion profile. The SC with a broadened spectral bandwidth from 0.64 to 1.70 µm is generated by pump pulses centered at a wavelength of 1.03 µm, 120 fs duration, and energy of 1.5 nJ. The second proposed structure—with lattice constant 1.5 µm and filling factor 0.65—has anomalous dispersion for wavelengths longer than 1.03 µm. We obtained high coherence of the SC pulses in the anomalous dispersion range over wavelengths of 0.7–2.4 µm with the same pump pulse as the first fiber and with input energy of 0.09 nJ. These fibers would be interesting candidates for all-fiber SC sources operating with low-energy pump lasers as cost-effective alternatives to glass core fibers.
Mid-infrared frequency comb with 25  pJ threshold via CW-seeded optical parametric generation in nonlinear waveguide
Authors: Roiz Mikhail , Lai Jui-Yu , Karhu Juho , Vainio Markku 
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate efficient generation of mid-infrared frequency combs based on continuous-wave-seeded femtosecond optical parametric generation in nonlinear waveguides. Conversion of the near-infrared pump to signal and idler light takes place with very high efficiency (74%), and the threshold (25 pJ for 100 fs pulses) is over 300 times lower than in bulk analogs. Relative intensity noise of the mid-infrared comb is exceptionally low, below

5

×

10

−
5

(integrated from 10 Hz to 2 MHz). Furthermore, the mid-infrared bandwidth can be increased by driving the process with a broadband pump obtained via supercontinuum generation.
Ear wound healing in MRL/MpJ mice is associated with gut microbiome composition and is transferable to non-healer mice via microbiome transplantation
Authors: Velasco Cassandra , Dunn Christopher , Sturdy Cassandra , Izda Vladislav , Martin Jake , Rivas Alexander , McNaughton Jeffrey , Jeffries Matlock A. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveAdult elastic cartilage has limited repair capacity. MRL/MpJ (MRL) mice, by contrast, are capable of spontaneously healing ear punctures. This study was undertaken to characterize microbiome differences between healer and non-healer mice and to evaluate whether this healing phenotype can be transferred via gut microbiome transplantation.MethodsWe orally transplanted C57BL/6J (B6) mice with MRL/MpJ cecal contents at weaning and as adults (n = 57) and measured ear hole closure 4 weeks after a 2.0mm punch and compared to vehicle-transplanted MRL and B6 (n = 25) and B6-transplanted MRL (n = 20) mice. Sex effects, timing of transplant relative to earpunch, and transgenerational heritability were evaluated. In a subset (n = 58), cecal microbiomes were profiled by 16S sequencing and compared to ear hole closure. Microbial metagenomes were imputed using PICRUSt.ResultsTransplantation of B6 mice with MRL microbiota, either in weanlings or adults, improved ear hole closure. B6-vehicle mice healed ear hole punches poorly (0.25±0.03mm, mm ear hole healing 4 weeks after a 2mm ear hole punch [2.0mm—final ear hole size], mean±SEM), whereas MRL-vehicle mice healed well (1.4±0.1mm). MRL-transplanted B6 mice healed roughly three times as well as B6-vehicle mice, and half as well as MRL-vehicle mice (0.74±0.05mm,P= 6.9E-10 vs. B6-vehicle,P= 5.2E-12 vs. MRL-vehicle). Transplantation of MRL mice with B6 cecal material did not reduce MRL healing (B6-transplanted MRL 1.3±0.1 vs. MRL-vehicle 1.4±0.1, p = 0.36). Transplantation prior to ear punch was associated with the greatest ear hole closure. Offspring of transplanted mice healed significantly better than non-transplanted control mice (offspring:0.63±0.03mm, mean±SEM vs. B6-vehicle control:0.25±0.03mm, n = 39 offspring, P = 4.6E-11). Several microbiome clades were correlated with healing, includingFirmicutes(R = 0.84,P= 8.0E-7),Lactobacillales(R = 0.65,P= 1.1E-3), andVerrucomicrobia(R = -0.80,P= 9.2E-6). Females of all groups tended to heal better than males (B6-vehicleP= 0.059, MRL-transplanted B6P= 0.096, offspring of MRL-transplanted B6P= 0.0038, B6-transplanted MRLP= 1.6E-6, MRL-vehicleP= 0.0031). Many clades characteristic of female mouse cecal microbiota vs. males were the same as clades characteristic of MRL and MRL-transplanted B6 mice vs. B6 controls, including including increases inClostridiaand reductions inVerrucomicrobiain female mice.ConclusionIn this study, we found an association between the microbiome and tissue regeneration in MRL mice and demonstrate that this trait can be transferred to non-healer mice via microbiome transplantation. We identified several microbiome clades associated with healing.
Randomised trial on effect of involving media reporters in salt reduction programme to increase media reports and the public’s knowledge, belief and behaviors on salt and health: Changzhi reporters trial
Authors: Li Zhifang , Feng Xiangxian , Wu Tao , Yan Lijing , Elliott Paul , Wu Yangfeng 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To assess the effects of a novel mass media intervention in increasing media reports on salt and health by involving media reporters in a scientifically well designed salt reduction trial.

Methods
We recruited and trained 66 media reporters in Changzhi, Shanxi province, China to conduct a randomized controlled trial on blood pressure lowering effect of salt substitute in Dec, 2012 and Jan 2013 among their own relatives or friends (253 from 129 families in the salt substitute arm and 263 from 133 families in the control arm for two months). We shared trial results and other information on salt and health with the reporters within a month after the trial. We monitored all local newspapers for the number of relevant articles in 3 months before, 3 months during and 3 months after the intervention and at the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 48th months after the intervention. Additionally, we conducted two independent surveys on knowledge, belief and behaviours of salt and health among local citizens before and after the intervention.

Results
As expected, systolic blood pressure was reduced significantly more in the salt substitute than the control group (-4.7±11.0 mmHg vs -2.6±10.3 mmHg, p<0.001) in the randomized trial. The monthly mean number of relevant articles increased from 0.7 before to 1.7 during (p = 0.263), and further to 6.0 after the intervention (p<0.001), and varied from 2 (p = 0.170) to 4 (p = 0.008) from the 6th to 48th month; the awareness of knowledge on salt and health among local citizens improved significantly after the intervention.

Conclusions
Media reporters’ participation in a well-designed salt reduction trial significantly increased the number of relevant media reports, and the effect was sustained for a prolonged period. Future mass media public health education programs should consider this innovative strategy for better and sustained impacts.
Impact of IgG response to malaria-specific antigens and immunity against malaria in pre-school children in Ghana. A cluster randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Tchum Samuel Kofi , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah , Adu Bright , Arthur Fareed , Oppong Felix Boakye , Dzabeng Francis , Amoani Benjamin , Gyan Thomas , Poku-Asante Kwaku 
Published: July 2021

Background
Iron fortification and micronutrient initiatives, specifically, vitamin A, and zinc supplementation are the most cost-effective developmental strategies against malnutrition and health emergencies in pre-school children. Iron-deficiency among pre-school children have been documented, however, studies evaluating the impact of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype responses among iron-fortified pre-school children in malaria endemic communities has not been assessed. We evaluated the impact of iron fortification on the IgG responses to GLURP R0, GLURP R2 and MSP3 FVO malaria-specific antigens among pre-school children in malaria endemic areas.

Methods
This community-based, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cluster-randomized trial study was conducted in Wenchi Municipal and Tain District of Bono Region. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov-registered trial (Identifier: NCT01001871). Ethical approval was obtained and informed consent were sought from each participant parents/guardian. For the current objective, 871 children aged 6–35 months were screened, from which 435 children received semi-liquid home-made meals mixed with 12.5 mg of iron daily (intervention group), and 436 received micronutrient powder without iron (placebo group) for 5 months. Standardized clinical and epidemiological questionnaires were administered and blood samples taken to measure IgG responses to GLURP R0, GLURP R2 and MSP3 FVO recombinant antigens using the Afro Immunoassay (AIA) protocol.

Results
Baseline anthropometry, malaria diagnosis, anaemia and iron status, demographic features and dietary intake were identical among the groups (p > 0.05). After the intervention, there was no significant difference in the IgG response against GLUP R0, GLUP R2 and MSP3 FVO between the iron-containing micronutrient and placebo groups (p > 0.05). The iron-containing micronutrient powder group who were iron-sufficient or iron replete had significantly higher IgG response to GLURP R0 and GLURP R2 compared to iron-deficient and iron-deficiency anaemia in the same group (p < 0.05). The IgG responses to all the three malaria specific antigens were low among children without malaria episode but high among those with two and four episodes due to exposure differences.

Conclusion
Iron fortification did not influence antibody response against endogenous malaria specific antigens among pre-school children in malaria endemic areas, however, IgG response to malaria specific antigens were high among children with sufficient iron status.
Early detection of COVID-19 outbreaks using human mobility data
Authors: Guan Grace , Dery Yotam , Yechezkel Matan , Ben-Gal Irad , Yamin Dan , Brandeau Margaret L. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Contact mixing plays a key role in the spread of COVID-19. Thus, mobility restrictions of varying degrees up to and including nationwide lockdowns have been implemented in over 200 countries. To appropriately target the timing, location, and severity of measures intended to encourage social distancing at a country level, it is essential to predict when and where outbreaks will occur, and how widespread they will be.

Methods
We analyze aggregated, anonymized health data and cell phone mobility data from Israel. We develop predictive models for daily new cases and the test positivity rate over the next 7 days for different geographic regions in Israel. We evaluate model goodness of fit using root mean squared error (RMSE). We use these predictions in a five-tier categorization scheme to predict the severity of COVID-19 in each region over the next week. We measure magnitude accuracy (MA), the extent to which the correct severity tier is predicted.

Results
Models using mobility data outperformed models that did not use mobility data, reducing RMSE by 17.3% when predicting new cases and by 10.2% when predicting the test positivity rate. The best set of predictors for new cases consisted of 1-day lag of past 7-day average new cases, along with a measure of internal movement within a region. The best set of predictors for the test positivity rate consisted of 3-days lag of past 7-day average test positivity rate, along with the same measure of internal movement. Using these predictors, RMSE was 4.812 cases per 100,000 people when predicting new cases and 0.79% when predicting the test positivity rate. MA in predicting new cases was 0.775, and accuracy of prediction to within one tier was 1.0. MA in predicting the test positivity rate was 0.820, and accuracy to within one tier was 0.998.

Conclusions
Using anonymized, macro-level data human mobility data along with health data aids predictions of when and where COVID-19 outbreaks are likely to occur. Our method provides a useful tool for government decision makers, particularly in the post-vaccination era, when focused interventions are needed to contain COVID-19 outbreaks while mitigating the collateral damage from more global restrictions.
Unplanned hospital visits after ambulatory surgical care
Authors: Bongiovanni Tasce , Parzynski Craig , Ranasinghe Isuru , Steinman Michael A. , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
We sought to assess the rate of unplanned hospital visits among patients undergoing ambulatory surgery.

Summary background data
The majority of surgeries performed in the United States now take place in outpatient settings. Post-discharge hospital visit rates have been shown to vary widely, suggesting variation in surgical or discharge care quality. Complicating efforts to address quality, most facilities and surgeons are unaware of their patients’ hospital visits after surgery since patients may present to a different hospital.

Methods
We used state-level, administrative data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project from California to assess unplanned hospital visits after ambulatory surgery. To compare rates across centers, we determined the age, sex, and procedure-adjusted rates of hospital visits for each facility using 2-level, hierarchical, generalized linear models using methods similar to existing Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services measures.

Results
Among a total of 1,260,619 ambulatory same-day surgeries from 440 surgical facilities, the risk adjusted 30-day rate of unplanned hospital visits was 4.8%, with emergency department visits of 3.1% and hospital admissions of 1.7%. Several patient characteristics were associated with increased risk of unplanned hospitals visits, including increased age, increased number of comorbidities (using the Elixhauser score), and type of procedure (p<0.001).

Conclusions
The overall rate unplanned hospital visits within 30 days after same-day surgery is low but variable, suggesting a difference in the quality of care provided. Further, these rates are higher among specific patient populations and procedure types, suggesting areas for targeted improvement.
Algorithmic extraction of smartphone accelerometer-derived mechano-biological descriptors of resistance exercise is robust to changes in intensity and velocity
Authors: Viecelli Claudio , Aguayo David , Dällenbach Samuel , Graf David , Achermann Basil , Hafen Ernst , Füchslin Rudolf M. 
Published: July 2021

Background
It was shown that single repetition, contraction-phase specific and total time-under-tension (TUT) can be extracted reliably and validly from smartphone accelerometer-derived data of resistance exercise machines using user-determined resistance exercise velocities at 60% one repetition maximum (1-RM). However, it remained unclear how robust the extraction of these mechano-biological descriptors is over a wide range of movement velocities (slow- versus fast-movement velocity) and intensities (30% 1-RM versus 80% 1-RM) that reflect the interindividual variability during resistance exercise.

Objective
In this work, we examined whether the manipulation of velocity or intensity would disrupt an algorithmic extraction of single repetitions, contraction-phase specific and total TUT.

Methods
Twenty-seven participants performed four sets of three repetitions of their 30% and 80% 1-RM with velocities of 1 s, 2 s, 6 s and 8 s per repetition, respectively. An algorithm extracted the number of repetitions, single repetition, contraction-phase specific and total TUT. All exercises were video-recorded. The video recordings served as the gold standard to which algorithmically-derived TUT was compared. The agreement between the methods was examined using Limits of Agreement (LoA). The Pearson correlation coefficients were used to calculate the association, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2.1) examined the interrater reliability.

Results
The calculated error rate for the algorithmic detection of the number of single repetitions derived from two smartphones accelerometers was 1.9%. The comparison between algorithmically-derived, contraction-phase specific TUT against video, revealed a high degree of correlation (r > 0.94) for both exercise machines. The agreement between the two methods was high on both exercise machines, intensities and velocities and was as follows:
LoA ranged from -0.21 to 0.22 seconds for single repetition TUT (2.57% of mean TUT), from -0.24 to 0.22 seconds for concentric contraction TUT (6.25% of mean TUT), from -0.22 to 0.24 seconds for eccentric contraction TUT (5.52% of mean TUT) and from -1.97 to 1.00 seconds for total TUT (5.13% of mean TUT). Interrater reliability for single repetition, contraction-phase specific TUT was high (ICC > 0.99).

Conclusion
Neither intensity nor velocity disrupts the proposed algorithmic data extraction approach. Therefore, smartphone accelerometers can be used to extract scientific mechano-biological descriptors of dynamic resistance exercise with intensities ranging from 30% to 80% of the 1-RM with velocities ranging from 1 s to 8 s per repetition, respectively, thus making this simple method a reliable tool for resistance exercise mechano-biological descriptors extraction.