bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel alternative for controlling enzymatic browning: Catalase and its application in fresh‐cut potatoes
Authors: Qiao Liping , Han Xinyu , Wang Hailin , Gao Man , Tian Jinhu , Lu Laifeng , Liu Xia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurface browning is a vital phenomenon that adversely reduces the quality of fresh‐cut potatoes. Although many anti‐browning methods have been explored, it is unclear whether exogenous catalase (CAT) treatment influences the enzymatic browning. Our results showed that 0.05% CAT immersion for 5 min alleviated browning during cold storage (4°C, 8 days), which was accompanied by a higher lightness and lower redness; additionally, lower H2O2 and O2·‐ contents were found. The activities of CAT, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase and the scavenging efficiency of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl were also increased. Moreover, CAT treatment inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and reduced phenol accumulation. Treatment with 0.1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) achieved the opposite results. This is the first report of CAT application reducing fresh‐cut potato browning, providing a safe treatment alternative for enzymatic discoloration and preliminarily revealing the underlying mechanism with insight into antioxidant regulation.Practical ApplicationThis research is helpful for fresh‐cut potato producers because a novel, safe, easy‐to‐carry out anti‐browning solution was proposed. Dipping in 0.05% catalase solution for 5 min revealed color improvement in the quality of fresh‐cut potato slices. The mechanism may rely on enhancing antioxidant ability (ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging), reducing reactive oxygen species (H2O2, O2·‐, malondialdehyde) and controlling enzymatic browning reaction factors (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and phenol accumulation). This method shows promise for better meeting the requirements and demands of consumers for fresh quality products.
Do brassinosteroids alleviate water stress in seedlings of Handroanthus serratifolius?
Authors: Vieira Daniel Amorim , Toro‐Herrera Mayra Alejandra , Mendonça Ane Marcela das Chagas , Barbosa João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLimited water availability in reforestation areas can compromise plant growth and development, especially for plants at early stages. In this context, the exogenous application of growth regulators, such as brassinosteroids (BRs), can be used to mitigate the negative effects of water restriction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of BRs (90% brassinolide +  a brassinosteroid) on initial growth, gas exchange, leaf water potential and leaf anatomy in yellow Ipê (Handroanthus serratifolius), under water restriction conditions. Throughout the experimental period, plants were maintained in two different water regimes: WR1—plants maintained at 100% of the pot capacity; WR2—plants rehydrated with 50% of the evapotranspiration from the previous day. BRs were applied on three occasions during the experimental period, in five concentrations: C1, 0 g/L (application of distilled water); C2, 0.25 g/L; C3, 0.5 g/L; C4, 0.75 g/L; and C5, 1.00 g/L. The dry mass, root:shoot ratio, water status and leaf anatomy traits were evaluated at the end of the experimental period and were analysed in two‐level factorial scheme (2WR × 5BRs concentrations). The plant height, number of leaves, gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll content were evaluated four times during the experimental period and were analysed in a split‐split‐plot design (two WR × five BRs concentrations × four evaluation times). The differences between the means were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairs of means were separated using the standard error of the difference between the means (SED) and the Fisher's protected least significant difference test (LSD) at p < .05. In addition, all variables were subjected to regression analysis, being the variables evaluated over time, analysed through a two‐stage modelling approach. The results obtained indicate that the water deficit led to reductions in growth and gas exchange parameters, regardless of the exogenous application of the regulator; therefore, higher concentrations (C4 and C5) were the most harmful for the maintenance of metabolic and photosynthetic activity. The exogenous application of BRs in H. serratifolius plants attenuated the effects of water limitation on the leaf water potential, but was not able to mitigate for the negative effects in growth, gas exchange and leaf anatomy.
Recent Excavation Results at Sa’ida Village, Failaka Island
Authors: Almutairi Hamed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the least known, yet extremely important, archaeological sites in Failaka Island, off Kuwait, is Sa’ida village. A joint Gulf mission started excavation in Sa’ida in 2001. The excavations on Hill 1 then exposed the first Friday mosque discovered on Failaka and in the State of Kuwait. The material data revealed that the village dates to the late Islamic period, specifically to the end of the seventeenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century, when the village was abandoned due to the plague epidemic that swept the region. Since 2016, four fieldwork campaign indicated that the village was inhabited in the early Islamic era in the seventh–eighth centuries and continued until the beginning of the twentieth century, with a few but long gaps. The six campaigns revealed religious and domestic buildings and were sufficient to reassess the chronology of occupation and abandonment of Sa’ida. They provided a valuable insight into the organisation of the site and the lifestyle of the population, with large courtyard houses and small one‐room buildings.
Preparers’ perceptions of integrated reporting: a global study of integrated reporting adopters
Authors: Arora Mitali Panchal , Lodhia Sumit , Stone Gerard William 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the perceptions of integrated report preparers. Using a case study approach, perceptions of integrated reporting were analysed in six organisations. The study found that preparers operating in different industries held similar perceptions about integrated reporting. It was commonly perceived that integrated reporting is a flexible tool to communicate organisations’ value creation story, as it includes both financial and non‐financial information, and overall performance information. It was found that the case study organisations were committed to addressing the broader sustainability aspects of their organisation’s impacts instead of having a narrow investor‐focused value creation emphasis. This has implications for policy makers, suggesting the need for sustainability issues and a broad range of stakeholders to be at the heart of the transition to integrated reporting.
Adolescent social isolation induced alterations in nucleus accumbens glutamate signalling
Authors: Deutschmann Andre U. , Kirkland Julia M. , Briand Lisa A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExposure to adversity during early childhood and adolescence increases an individual's vulnerability to developing substance use disorder. Despite the knowledge of this vulnerability, the mechanisms underlying it are still poorly understood. Excitatory afferents to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) mediate responses to both stressful and rewarding stimuli. Understanding how adolescent social isolation alters these afferents could inform the development of targeted interventions both before and after drug use. Here, we used social isolation rearing as a model of early life adversity which we have previously demonstrated increases vulnerability to cocaine addiction‐like behaviour. The current study examined the effect of social isolation rearing on presynaptic glutamatergic transmission in NAc medium spiny neurons in both male and female mice. We show that social isolation rearing alters presynaptic plasticity in the NAc by decreasing the paired‐pulse ratio and the size of the readily releasable pool of glutamate. Optogenetically activating the glutamatergic input from the ventral hippocampus to the NAc is sufficient to recapitulate the decreases in paired‐pulse ratio and readily releasable pool size seen following electrical stimulation of all NAc afferents. Further, optogenetically inhibiting the ventral hippocampal afferent during electrical stimulation eliminates the effect of early life adversity on the paired‐pulse ratio or readily releasable pool size. In summary, we demonstrate that social isolation rearing leads to alterations in glutamate transmission driven by projections from the ventral hippocampus. These data suggest that targeting the circuit from the ventral hippocampus to the nucleus accumbens could provide a means to reverse stress‐induced plasticity.
Evaluation of Endosequence Root Repair Material and Endocem MTA as direct pulp capping agents: An in vivo study
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Nawal Ruchika Roongta , Augustine Jeyaseelan , Urs Aadithya B. , Talwar Sangeeta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the human pulpal response to direct pulp capping using Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) and Endocem MTA against ProRoot MTA as control. Intentional direct pulp capping was done using the three materials in 30 caries‐free human premolars. After 30 days, the teeth were extracted, fixed and decalcified. Sections were prepared for histologic examination using light microscopy. Thickness and quality of dentine bridge formed and level of inflammation were evaluated. Difference between dentine bridge thickness of the three groups was statistically significant. Mean thickness of dentine bridges formed in ProRoot MTA group was greater than other two groups, and difference was statistically significant. Difference in dentine bridge thickness between ERRM and Endocem MTA was statistically significant. No significant difference was observed between the 3 groups with respect to inflammation. Results indicate ProRoot MTA performed best with ERRM giving better results than Endocem MTA.
2020 position statement and recommendations of the European Liver and Intestine Transplantation Association (ELITA): management of hepatitis B virus‐related infection before and after liver transplantation
Authors: Duvoux Christophe , Belli Luca S. , Fung James , Angelico Mario , Buti Maria , Coilly Audrey , Cortesi Paolo , Durand François , Féray Cyrille , Fondevila Constantino , Lebray Pascal , Martini Silvia , Nevens Frederik , Polak Wojciech G. , Rizzetto Mario , Volpes Riccardo , Zoulim Fabien , Samuel Didier , Berenguer Marina 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundProphylaxis of HBV recurrence is critical after liver transplantation in HBV patients. Despite new prophylactic schemes, most European LT centres persist on a conservative approach combining hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and nucleos(t)ides analogues (NA).AimThis setting prompted the European Liver Intestine Transplantation Association (ELITA) to look for a consensus on the prevention of HBV recurrence.MethodsBased on a 4‐round Delphi process, ELITA investigated 16 research questions and established 50 recommendations.ResultsProphylaxis should be driven according to 3 simplified risk groups: Low and high virological risk patients, with undetectable and detectable HBV DNA pre‐LT, respectively, and special populations (HDV, HCC, poorly adherent patients). In low‐risk patients, short‐term (4 weeks) combination of third‐generation NA+ HBIG, or third generation NA monotherapy can be considered as prophylactic options. In high‐risk patients, HBIG can be discontinued once HBV DNA undetectable. Combined therapy for 1 year is advised. HBV‐HCC patients should be treated according to their virological risk. In HDV/HBV patients, indefinite dual prophylaxis remains the gold standard. Full withdrawal of HBV prophylaxis following or not HBV vaccination should only be attempted in the setting of clinical trials. Organs from HBsAg+ve donors may be considered after assessment of risks, benefits, and patient consent. They should not be used if HDV is present. In poorly adherent patients, dual long‐term prophylaxis is recommended. Budget impact analysis should be taken into account to drive prophylactic regimen.ConclusionsThese ELITA recommendations should stimulate a more rational and homogeneous approach to HBV prophylaxis across LT programs.
COVID‐19 elicits an impaired antibody response against SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Passamonti Francesco , Romano Alessandra , Salvini Marco , Merli Francesco , Porta Matteo G. Della , Bruna Riccardo , Coviello Elisa , Romano Ilaria , Cairoli Roberto , Lemoli Roberto , Farina Francesca , Venditti Adriano , Busca Alessandro , Ladetto Marco , Massaia Massimo , Pinto Antonio , Arcaini Luca , Tafuri Agostino , Marchesi Francesco , Fracchiolla Nicola , Bocchia Monica , Armiento Daniele , Candoni Anna , Krampera Mauro , Luppi Mario , Cardinali Valeria , Galimberti Sara , Cattaneo Chiara , La Barbera Elettra Ortu , Mina Roberto , Lanza Francesco , Visani Giuseppe , Musto Pellegrino , Petrucci Luigi , Zaja Francesco , Grossi Paolo A. , Bertù Lorenza , Pagano Livio , Corradini Paolo ,   the ITA-HEMA-COV Investigators*
Published: July 2021

SummaryCOVID‐19 is associated with high mortality in patients with haematological malignancies (HM) and rate of seroconversion is unknown. The ITA‐HEMA‐COV project (NCT04352556) investigated patterns of seroconversion for SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG in patients with HMs. A total of 237 patients, SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive with at least one SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG test performed during their care, entered the analysis. Among these, 62 (26·2%) had myeloid, 121 (51·1%) lymphoid and 54 (22·8%) plasma cell neoplasms. Overall, 69% of patients (164 of 237) had detectable IgG SARS‐CoV‐2 serum antibodies. Serologically negative patients (31%, 73 of 237) were evenly distributed across patients with myeloid, lymphoid and plasma cell neoplasms. In the multivariable logistic regression, chemoimmunotherapy [odds ratio (OR), 3·42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1·04–11·21; P = 0·04] was associated with a lower rate of seroconversion. This effect did not decline after 180 days from treatment withdrawal (OR, 0·35; 95% CI: 0·11–1·13; P = 0·08). This study demonstrates a low rate of seroconversion in HM patients and indicates that treatment‐mediated immune dysfunction is the main driver. As a consequence, we expect a low rate of seroconversion after vaccination and thus we suggest testing the efficacy of seroconversion in HM patients.
Current status of thulium fibre laser lithotripsy: an up‐to‐date review
Authors: Jones Patrick , Beisland Christian , Ulvik Øyvind 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo perform an up‐to‐date review to scope the current status of the thulium fibre laser (TFL) in the setting of stone lithotripsy and provide a guide for the clinical urologist.MethodsA review of world literature was performed to identify original articles on TFL for stone lithotripsy. Our clinical experiences of using the technology have also been shared.ResultsTo date there have been 11 clinical studies published on TFL for stone lithotripsy. Three of these have been in the setting of miniaturised percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini‐PCNL) and the remainder have been on ureteroscopy (URS). There has only been one randomised study on this technology, which has been for URS. For URS, the range of settings has been 0.1–4 J × 7–300 Hz for both URS and mini‐PCNL. Stones ranging from 0.4–3.2 and 1.5–3 cm have been treated with URS and mini‐PCNL, respectively. The final stone‐free rate for TFL has ranged from 66.6% to 100% and 85–100% for URS and mini‐PCNL, respectively. The average length of stay ranged from 0.5 to 2.4 days in the URS group, but no studies have been reported this for mini‐PCNL. Operative times in all the studies (both URS and mini PCNL) were <60 min.ConclusionInitial clinical studies reveal that TFL appears to be efficacious in the setting of stone lithotripsy. However, further randomised trials are warranted to delineate its formal position, as well as determine the optimal settings for use in clinical practice.
‘Pain‐free TRUS B’: a phase 3 double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized trial of methoxyflurane with periprostatic local anaesthesia to reduce the discomfort of transrectal ultrasonography‐guided prostate biopsy (ANZUP 1501)
Authors: Hayne Dickon , Grummet Jeremy , Espinoza David , McCombie Steve P. , Chalasani Venu , Ford Kate S. , Frydenberg Mark , Gilling Peter , Gordon Barbara , Hawks Cynthia , Konstantatos Alex , Martin Andrew J. , Nixon Anthony , O’Brien Colin , Patel Manish I. , Sengupta Shomik , Shahbaz Shekib , Subramaniam Shalini , Williams Scott , Woo Henry H. , Stockler Martin R. , Davis Ian D. , Buchan Nick ,   the Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group (ANZUP)
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether the addition of inhaled methoxyflurane to periprostatic infiltration of local anaesthetic (PILA) during transrectal ultrasonography‐guided prostate biopsies (TRUSBs) improved pain and other aspects of the experience.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized phase 3 trial, involving 420 men undergoing their first TRUSB. The intervention was PILA plus a patient‐controlled device containing either 3 mL methoxyflurane, or 3 mL 0.9% saline plus one drop of methoxyflurane to preserve blinding. The primary outcome was the pain score (0–10) reported by the participant after 15 min. Secondary outcomes included ratings of other aspects of the biopsy experience, willingness to undergo future biopsies, urologists’ ratings, biopsy completion, and adverse events.ResultsThe mean (SE) pain scores 15 min after TRUSB were 2.51 (0.22) in those assigned methoxyflurane vs 2.82 (0.22) for placebo (difference 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.75 to 0.14; P = 0.18). Methoxyflurane was associated with better scores for discomfort (difference −0.48, 95% CI −0.92 to −0.03; P = 0.035, adjusted [adj.] P = 0.076), whole experience (difference −0.50, 95% CI −0.92 to −0.08; P = 0.021, adj. P = 0.053), and willingness to undergo repeat biopsies (odds ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.12–2.49; P = 0.01) than placebo. Methoxyflurane resulted in higher scores for drowsiness (difference +1.64, 95% CI 1.21–2.07; P < 0.001, adj. P < 0.001) and dizziness (difference +1.78, 95% CI 1.31–2.24; P < 0.001, adj. P < 0.001) than placebo. There was no significant difference in the number of ≥ grade 3 adverse events.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that methoxyflurane improved pain scores at 15 min, however, improvements were seen in patient‐reported discomfort, overall experience, and willingness to undergo repeat biopsies.
Piercement mechanisms for mobile shales
Authors: Hudec Michael R. , Soto Juan I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe have identified seven mechanisms by which mobile shales can pierce their roofs. The operative piercement mechanism depends on mobile‐shale viscosity, roof strength and stress state. For mobile shales at depths of several kilometres, three mechanisms are possible: fracture piercement, thrust piercement and ductile “piercement.” However, injection up fractures and faults appears to be the dominant mechanism by which mobile shales rise towards the surface. In this process, mobile shales behave similar to magmas rising through the Earth's crust. Nearer the surface, a wider range of piercement mechanisms becomes possible: passive piercement, reactive piercement, active piercement and erosional piercement. These mechanisms all have salt‐tectonics analogues. Although shale tectonics and salt tectonics share common piercement mechanisms, in many cases the resulting structures are different. This is because near‐surface mobile shales can have much lower viscosities than salt. Mobile shales that reach the surface extrude very rapidly, in many cases leading to caldera collapse of the underlying shale chamber. This instability in the near‐surface means that long‐term, stable growth of passive shale diapirs is unlikely, in contrast with the behaviour of salt. A key question in seismic interpretation of mobile‐shale structures is whether large‐volume mobile‐shale diapirs exist. We show that both active piercement and ductile “piercement” can create such structures. Both of these mechanisms create steeply upturned beds on diapir flanks, which are diagnostic. However, active shale diapirs appear to be rare, and ductile “piercements” are not documented. We therefore suggest that large‐volume shale diapirs should be interpreted with caution on seismic data.
A nationwide comparison of short‐term outcomes after transanal, open, laparoscopic, and robot‐assisted total mesorectal excision
Authors: Ose Ilze , Perdawood Sharaf Karim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimLaparoscopic rectal cancer surgery has several limitations. Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) can potentially overcome these limitations.The aim of this study was to compare the rates of non‐radical surgery and anastomotic leakage after TaTME, open TME (OpTME), laparoscopic TME (LaTME) and robotic TME (RoTME) procedures in a nationwide cohort.MethodsWe extracted the demographic, perioperative and pathological data of patients who underwent a curative OpTME, LaTME, RoTME or TaTME procedure between January 2014 and December 2018 from the national database of the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG). We conducted multiple group‐comparisons, uni‐ and multivariate analyses to determine the factors associated with positive resection margin (+RM) and anastomotic leakage.ResultsWe included 2393 patients (OpTME = 205, LaTME = 1163, RoTME = 713 and TaTME = 312). The rate of +RM was 5.7% after TaTME. The lowest rate of +RM was achieved after RoTME (8.2%, 4.7%, 2.52%, and 5.7%, after OpTME, LaTME, RoTME and TaTME respectively, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, having a T4 tumour and intraoperative bowel perforation were associated with the risk of +RM (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The factors associated with anastomotic leakage in multivariate analysis were male gender, high BMI and intraoperative bowel perforation (p < 0.001, p = 0.049, p = 0.002, respectively). TaTME was associated with the highest rate of sphincter‐saving procedures (79.8%, p < 0.001), the lowest rate of bowel perforation (2.9%, p = 0.028) and the lowest rate of conversion to open surgery (1.3%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn a nationwide audit of TME approaches, the rate of +RM was lowest after RoTME. No differences were found between the four approaches regarding the risk of anastomotic leakage. TaTME offered advantages related to sphincter‐saving, perforation and conversion.