bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of festulolium for the steppe conditions of the Central Black Earth region
Authors: Ivanov I S , Zolotarev V N , Saprykin S V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, a new fodder crop, festulolium, has become widespread in fodder production in Russia. (×Festulolium F. Aschers. et Graebn.).In this regard, an important task is the permanent creation of a line of varieties of festulolium, ensuring high efficiency of the use of this crop in various climatic and environmental conditions. Festulolium breeding has gained great importance in recent years as a means of combating climate change and increasing the efficiency of using perennial grasses to obtain high quality animal feed. The article presents material on the assessment of the initial material of festulolium in the steppe conditions of the Central Black Earth region. In recent years, 22 specimens have undergone a comprehensive assessment of festulolium in the collection and selection nurseries of the station. Of these, according to a complex of economically valuable traits, first of all - the productivity of green mass and seeds in arid conditions, 12 best were selected, which are further evaluated in order to create a new promising variety.
Influence of inbreeding on the morphobiological characteristics of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Authors: Yu Novoselov M , Drobysheva LV , Starshinova OA 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The influence of inbreeding on the morphobiological characteristics of meadow clover was revealed. Self-pollination, repeated in the number of successive generations, leads to an increase in homozygosity and to inbred depression, which increases from I1 to I3 generation and stabilizes in the I4 generation. It was found that in the I1 generation, according to the main morphobiological characteristics, there is no inward depression, but the maximum release of recessive lethal mutations is manifested, which amounted to 6.2%, and the survival rate of seedlings decreases (91.7%). By the I4 generation, the number of chlorophyll-free seedlings decreases to 1.4%. All the main morpho-biological indicators that determine the productivity of plants decrease from generation I1 to generation I3 by 1.5-2 times and stabilize in generation I4. Obtaining hybrid F1 offspring by crossing a linear material with an I4 induction level leads to the restoration of plant productivity indicators. When creating a linear material, an increase in the number of highly self-compatible genotypes from I1 to I4 generation by 60% is clearly traced. The data obtained make it possible to take into account the survival rate of seedlings, the cleavage of lethal and semi-lethal mutations, the degree of inbred depression in the formation of sample volumes when creating a linear material of meadow clover.
Productivity Of Various Varieties Of Spring Durum Wheat In The Conditions Of The Central Zone Of Orenburg Region
Authors: Kalzhanov K A , Yartsev G F , Baikasenov R K , Aysuvakova T P , Kartabayeva B B , Tseiko V I , Kosolapov V M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Spring wheat is one of the most important food grain crops. Hard spring wheat is used to produce cereals, pasta and vermicelli. The grain of this crop contains a lot of protein (14-16%soft, 15-18% hard) and gluten-28-40%.
This crop is grown mainly in the following regions: the Volga region, the Southern Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia. Average yields are obtained here due to lack of moisture, but the grain contains a lot of protein and gluten. When growing it in the Non-Chernozem zone, higher yields are obtained, but the quantity and quality of gluten is usually lower. In those regions (the North Caucasus, the Central Asian Republic) where winter wheat yields higher yields, spring wheat is considered one of the insurance products in case of its re-sowing in case of poor wintering.
The Importance Of The Variety Of Spring Hard Wheat In The Formation Of Yield And Quality Of Grain In The Southern Chernozem Of The Orenburg Region
Authors: Izbasarov D O , Yartsev G F , Baikasenov R K , Aisuvakova T P , Kartabaeva B B , Tseiko V I , Kosolapov V M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wheat is a plastic crop and therefore occupies a huge area, spreading in the north to the cold pole (Verkhoyansk), and in the south to the border of cultivation of cultivated plants. In some regions of Azerbaijan, it is sown in fields below sea level, and in Peru, it rises in the mountains up to 4000 m. Cultivation of wheat on a huge territory is possible due to the high adaptive properties of the culture, its resistance to frost and drought.
Almost half of the bread composition is represented by carbohydrates, in which starch takes the main place (up to 80%). Under the influence of enzymes, it is broken down to simple sugars that the body needs. The total digestibility of bread carbohydrates reaches 90-92%. The protein substances of bread are of the utmost importance, thanks to which a third of a person’s daily needs are often covered in our diet. Bread is the main source of supply for the body with vitamins B1, B2, PP. It is rich in phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur.
Climatic Factors Of The Formation Of The Ravine-Beam System Of The Lower Volga Region
Authors: Sviridova L L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Lower Volga regional natural complex has a heterogeneity of the relief, which, combined with the climate feature, leads to the degradation of soil covers. Disturbed soil cover with loose rocks is a fast mechanism for the formation of a gully-beam system. Natural natural conditions combined with human activity have led to catastrophic consequences of the withdrawal of land from land use. To prevent the development of these forms, it is necessary to conduct a study of each formation with tracking in a time period.
Fluxes of 15N, soil nitrogen in sod-podzolic soil in spring wheat crops under inoculation with Rhyzoagrin
Authors: Alferov A A , Chernova L S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In a microfield experiment using a labeled nitrogen 15N fertilizer on sod-podzolic light loamy soil for 11 years during the cultivation of spring wheat and the use of a biological product based on a strain belonging to the genus Agrobakterium radiobakter (strain 204), nitrogen flows in the fertilizer – soil – plant system were studied. The utilization rate of spring wheat labeled with 15N ammonium nitrate averaged 40% of the amount applied. The absolute size of the immobilization in the structure of the labeled nitrogen balance of the mineral fertilizer was 27-30%. Inoculation with Rhyzoagrin does not significantly affect the nitrogen immobilization of the mineral fertilizer. The gaseous losses of labeled nitrogen of the mineral fertilizer were 33% of those applied to the background of the phosphorus and potash fertilizers and decreased with inoculation with Rhyzoagrin to 29%. The use of an integral assessment showed that the agroecosystem functioned in the resistance mode on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil when using mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The dependence of the indicator RI: M, % of the HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) expressed by the equation
y = -24, 506x2 + 43,462 x + 15,251
at
R2 = 0.7416
is established.
Use of Digital Technologies to Improve Efficiency of Potato Production on Private Plots
Authors: Kuznetsova M A , Rogozhin A N , Borovsky K V , Statsyuk N V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Russia, potato is the second economically important crop, which is widely cultivated not only on commercial fields, but also on numerous private plots, which produce a doubled potato yield comparing to agricultural companies. Nevertheless, during the last 30 years, the total potato production in Russia reduced by 40%. In the case of private plots, potato production reduced by even more then 50%. One of the possible reasons is that potato is difficult in cultivation and is susceptible for a number of diseases able to significantly reduce the yield quantity and quality. This paper describes a new approach to the crop protection based on the use of digital technologies to control the early and late blight of potato and to reduce the negative influence of excess fungicides on the human health and environment.
Use of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Model to Estimate Soil Erosion in Jibab Wadi Basin West of Iraq
Authors: Alalwanya A A M , Abdel Ghani E T , Ali K A , Al-Bayati A H I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study dealt with one of the most important environmental problems that leads to soil deterioration, increase in the degree of desertification and the loss of large areas of lands that suffer from dry and semi-arid areas. This study aims to calculate the amount of soil transported using the revised universal equation model of erosion RUSLE, and five representative surface samples were obtained. For all the watershed of the valley, analyses were carried out for the general equation of erosion, and the climatic data of the Anah meteorological station were used, whose values ranged between (0.0554-0.4923), as well as the values of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) between its high and low values (0.10084-0.645161). Maps were created from the general equation factors (RUSLE) and their units were classified according to water erosion rates to investigate the susceptibility of soil to erosion and the risk of soil erosion.
The Effect of Different Nano-irrigation Systems on Some Hydraulic Parameters for Evaluaing Drip Irrigation Systems
Authors: El-Shaabani E M , AL-Obeid A K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Al-Habbaniyah district/Al-Khalidiya district/Al-Anbar governorate, western Iraq, in Silty loam soil during the fall season 2020, to study the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation and perfusion irrigation with nanotechnology on some international standards to evaluate the performance of the work of irrigation systems after using them in plowed and uncultivated soils. plowed. Perfusion was done when 50% of the prepared water was depleted, the treatments were distributed according to the Nested-Factorial Experiments Design (NFED) with three replications. The yellow corn, cultivar Euphrates, was planted on 15/7/2020. The American evaporation basin, class A, was used in the timing of irrigation. According to the rate of water consumption in terms of the equivalent depth of the added water, the total yield and the efficiency of water use. The results showed giving the best discharge rate, homogeneity coefficient and percentage variation in the system drainage before planting at pressure of 100 kPa, which amounted to 2.27 L hr-1, 98.91 and 7.69%, respectively, while these parameters decreased after planting and reached the best in the perfusion irrigation system, which amounted to 2.25 L hr-1, 98.11 and 16.31% at the same operating pressure sequentially, while the lowest amount of these parameters after planting was 1.90 L hr-1, 90.95 and 41.66% respectively in the surface drip irrigation system under an operating pressure of 50 K Pas.
An Epidemiological and Therapeutic Study of Fasciola hepatica Parasite in Goats of Anbar Province-Iraq
Authors: Shahatha S S , Ayyed I M , Mousa M O 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to find out the prevalence ofFasciola hepaticain goats in Anbar province-Iraq, via routine examination of the livers taken from goats slaughtered in central slaughterhouses in the province to ensure that they were infected with hepatic helminths. The results indicated that a total infection rate of 43.5%. Ramadi area had the highest infection rate, moreover, the highest infection rate was 69.9% for ages 6-8 years. Significant differences were found in the average numbers of helminths in the bile sac and liver of both males and females of infected goats. On the other hand, It has been proven that the concentrations of (0.5-10) mg/ml of the alcoholic extract of the plantAizoon hispanicumhad a significant effect on the vitality of the helminths in vitro, as the concentration 10 mg/ml leads to the complete inhibitory for the vitality of helminths where after 36 hours it led to a 100% killing rate. The current study concluded that the goats in the study areas are infected with theF. hepaticaparasite at a high rate, and this calls for finding safe treatment methods using medicinal herbs and plants because they contain many active compounds that affect the helminths and lead to their death, and they are safe strategic alternatives to harmful chemical drugs. This necessitates the establishment of an integrated control approach through treatment with effective plant extracts to eliminate these parasites and their health and economic damage.
Germination and Seedling Parameters of Wheat as Affected by Storage Conditions
Authors: Seadh S E , Badawi M A , Abdel-Moneamand M A , Borham M M E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A storage experiment was carried out from 27th April to 27thDecember, 2019 to study the effect of storage conditions i.e. methods (open air, under sunshade and in stores), packages type (normal, gunny, polyethylene and metal containers) and periods of seeds fumigation with phosphine (15, 30 and 45 days) on germination and seedling parameters of wheat. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with four replications. Stored wheat seeds under sunshade produced the highest values of final germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, plumule length, radical length, seedling vigor index and seedlings dry weight, followed by stored wheat seeds in stores. The highest germination index, mean germination time, plumule and radical lengths, seedling vigor index and seedlings dry weight were recorded in the samples of wheat seeds sealed stored in metal containers, followed by normal stored in gunny packages. The highest percentage of final germination was obtained by normal stored in gunny packages, followed by sealing storage in metal containers. The highest final germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, plumule length, radical length, seedling vigor index and seedlings dry weight and the lowest abnormal seedlings percentage, rotten and sold seeds percentages, speed germination index, co-efficient of germination and germination energy percentage were recorded when treated with phosphine at the rate of 3 tablets/m3after 15 days from beginning the storage. This study recommended that stored wheat seeds under sunshade in metal packages and treating with phosphine at the rate of 3 tablets/m3 after 15 days from beginning the storage to enhance germination and seedlings parameter of wheat under the environmental conditions of Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.
Spatial Distribution of Grain Size Within Nitraria retusa Coppice Dune in Kuwait
Authors: Al Saleh A , Farsi Modi Al , Dousari N Al , Almutairi G , Almutairi A , William T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nabkhas are desert and sabkha perennial plants that form stabilized dunes. A total of 23 sediment samples were taken from the surface and subsurface (30 cm depth) of nabkha that formed around Nitraria retusa as the dominant perennial plant species in Ghudai-Kuwait. The morphological and ecological functions of sabkha nabkha are distinguishable. The existence of shallow fresh groundwater that floats atop the saline water bodies and is recharged by rainwater and surface drainage routes is due to the presence of thriving nabkhas within a salty sabkha environment. the selected non-protected Nitraria nebkhas have an elongated dome shape with a height of 1.30 m and an average length of 11.80 m. also, the greatest distances between isolated nabkhas are found in Nitraria dominated coppice dunes. There are three types of Nitraria dominated coppice dunes, namely: single (one plant), coupled (two plants), and complex (three or more). Nitraria is considered one of Kuwait’s most effective plant species for trapping mobile sand, Nitraria can to tarp to 21 m3 of mobile sand and dust. The variations in grain size sediments in Nitraria retusa between surface and root zone, border and crest, upwind and downwind, are efficient for retaining water. Furthermore, Nitraria retusa from the sabkha environment is the most effective in collecting mobile sand in the region.
A Study of the Water Requirement of the Eggplant Crop (Solanum melongena) Using the Techniques of Localized Drip Irrigation and its Comparison with the Traditional Surface Irrigation
Authors: Salim S A , Alalwany A A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The results showed that the total water consumptive use of the drip irrigation technique (irrigation line to planting line) was 5967 m3 ha-1, while the production approached 121.06 tons ha- \ The total water use efficiency was 20.3 kg m-3 ha-1, and the percentage of irrigation water savings compared to the control was 42.6%. The increase in production over the control was 20%, and the yield per square meter was 12.1 kg, while the total water consumption of the drip irrigation technology (irrigation line for two cultivation lines) was 6679 m3 ha-1 with a yield of 110.78 tons ha-1. The total water use efficiency was 16.6 kg m-3 ha-1 and the percentage of irrigation water savings compared to the control was 35.4%, the increase in production compared to the control was 9%, and the yield per square meter was 11.1 kg, while the total water consumption of the (traditional surface irrigation) technology reached 10,965 m3 ha-1 with a yield of 101.22 tons ha-1. The total water use efficiency was 9.2 kg m-3 ha-1 and the yield per square meter was 10.1 kg. It was found that the drip irrigation technique (an irrigation line for a planting line) gave the highest production with the least amount of irrigation water compared to other methods, taking into account that the drip irrigation technique (a hazardous for two planting lines) was better in terms of saving in the cost of the lines.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources, Lead and Cadmium Pollution on Some Properties of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: AI-Qasi B A , Sharqi M M , Faiath S E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in the Department of biology - College of Education for Girls - University of Anbar in order to study the effect of cadmium and lead pollution and nitrogen fertilizer sources on the accumulation of heavy metals in the root, the vegetative part, yield and its components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) during growing season 2020-2021, Where the experiment was carried out in pots containing 20 kg of soil. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design and in the order of factorial experiments with three replications. The experiment included two factors, the first factor is three concentrations of the elements lead and cadmium (0, 40, 80 mg liter -1), and the second factor is three types of nitrogen fertilizer sources are (ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 and urea CO(NH2)2). The experiment was planted and irrigated with the three nitrogen fertilizer sources on 1/11/2020. After 14 days of planting, heavy metals were added to the soil in the above-mentioned concentrations in the form of two batches. The weight of 1000 grains/g and the concentration of heavy elements (Pb, Cd) in the root, vegetative and grains after harvest were calculated. The results of the study showed: The barley plant had the ability to accumulate heavy elements in the different parts of the plant, and their concentration in the root system was the highest, then the vegetative system, then the grain. However, the accumulated amounts of lead were less than cadmium in the roots, as the highest concentrations of lead and cadmium in the roots were (24.78 and 37.22 mg kg-1) and (61.13 and 92.3 mg kg-1). for the concentrations (40 and 80 mg L-1) respectively.
The Effect of Amino Acids and The Date of Planting on Some Growth Characteristics of The Three Varieties of Maize
Authors: Al-Janabi Y A , Abood N M , Hamdan M I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the Field Crops Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department - Abu Ghraib during the spring season for the years 2019 and 2020. With the aim of studying the effect of amino acids and planting dates on some growth characteristics, for three varieties of maize. A split-split plot was used according to a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The experiment included three planting dates (March 15, March 25 and April 5) that represented the main plot, while amino acids (proline and arginine) and the control treatment (distilled water) occupied the subplot. Whereas, the three varieties (Rabi’, Baghdad 3, and Fajr 1) allocated to the sub-sub plot. The Rabi cultivar gave the fewest days to reach 75% male and female flowering (70.33 and 72.78 days) respectively. The Fajr 1 variety scored the highest average percentage of proline and arginine in leaves for the first season. Plants sprayed with proline at a concentration of 200 mg achieved the highest mean number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves, and proline concentration in leaves for both seasons. When spraying arginine, its percentage increased in leaves. Planting dates affected most of the studied traits, planting plants on March 15 achieved a significant increase in all growth traits. The two and three way interactions had a significant effect on most growth traits, and the best interaction was for the Rabi variety when planted on March 15 th and sprayed with proline.
Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and Zinc Spraying on the Growth, Yield and Antioxidant Enzyme of Wheat Triticum aestivum L
Authors: Al-Mansouri M A , Ali I M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Thus, the importance of this study stems from its attempt to investigate the effect of foliar spraying with hydrogen peroxide and foliar application of zinc on some growth, yield and antioxidant enzymes of the wheat crop. A field experiment was organized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications with Split plot arrangement. The first factor was three concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (25, 50, and 75) ppm as well as the control treatment that was sprayed with distilled water only. The second factor was three concentrations of zinc (Zn) (50, 100, and 150) mg. L-1 as well as the control treatment that was sprayed with distilled water only. The result of this study showed that the higher concentrations of H2O2 gave low value of plant height, number of spikes per m2 and grain yield, while they increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and also increased the proline content. The higher concentration of Zn application significantly increased the plant height, SOD, CAT, proline content, number of spikes per m2 and grain yield.