bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Photonic Crystal Fiber Design for Higher OAM Modes with Low Loss Towards Next Generation THz Communication
Authors: Kuiri Bibhatsu , Dutta Bubai , Sarkar Nilanjana , Santra Saikat , Mandal Paulomi , Mallick Khaleda , Patra Ardhendu Sekhar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A newer and efficient solid core with air holes and ring based circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) design is proposed, developed, and studied. The C-PCF structure with a ring core and three layers of air holes is developed to communicate terahertz frequency of the range of 1 THz to 3 THz. Finite element method (FEM) is used to optimize the position, shape and dimensions of air holes and refractive index (RI) of material for the proposed PCF design and check the efficiency to support different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes for communication. Our novel designed C-PCF supports multiple stable modes with mode purity above 0.9. Confinement loss is in the range of 10-12 dB/cm, highest effective mode area in the order of 1 mm2 is achieved in the investigated study for 3 THz transmission. The study observes that the performance of PCF is strongly dependent on RI of core and cladding.
Distal Corneal Small Nerve Fibre Damage in Subjects With Obesity
Authors: Iqbal Zohaib , Ferdousi Maryam , Kalteniece Alise , Adam Safwaan , Ho Jan H. , Liu Yifen , Bashir Bilal , Donn Rachelle , Syed Akheel A. , Ammori Basil J. , Malik Rayaz A. , Soran Handrean 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: We have previously shown that subjects with obesity have elevated vibration and thermal perception thresholds and central corneal nerve loss and patients with diabetic neuropathy have greater corneal nerve loss at the inferior whorl compared to the central cornea. In the current study, we assessed whether there is evidence for a dying-back neuropathy in subjects with obesity with and without diabetes. Methods: 57 obese subjects, with and without diabetes (DM+, n=30; DM-, n=27 respectively) and age- and sex‑matched controls (n=21) underwent venous blood sampling and assessment of the neuropathy symptom profile (NSP), neuropathy disability score (NDS), vibration, cold and warm threshold testing, cardiac autonomic function, and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM).Results: NSP and NDS were significantly elevated in obese DM+ (p<0.0001; p=0.001) and DM- (p<0.0001; p=0.001) subjects compared to controls. Vibration perception threshold was significantly higher in DM+ (p=0.001), but not in DM- (p=0.06), compared to controls, whilst cold (p = 0.87) and warm (p = 0.52) perception thresholds did not differ between groups. Deep breathing heart rate variability was significantly lower in DM+ (p=0.01), but not DM- (p=0.9) subjects compared to controls. Corneal nerve fibre density [26.8 ±6.22 vs 26.8 ±6.01 vs 35.3 ±7.41, p<0.0001], branch density [55.4 ±28.2 vs 58.4 ±28.5 vs 88.2 ±31.1, p<0.001], fibre length (CNFL) [17.6 ±4.43 vs 19.9 ±5.43 vs 26.7 ±5.31, p <0.0001], inferior whorl length (IWL) [17.9 ±6.10 vs 18.6 ±7.42 vs 35.3 ±9.70, p<0.0001] and total nerve fibre length (TNFL) [35.5 ±9.58 vs 38.5 ±11.0 vs 62.0 ±12.3, p<0.0001] were significantly lower in obese subjects without and with diabetes compared to controls. In comparison to controls, there was a greater relative reduction in IWL compared to CNFL in DM+ (47.3% vs 25.5%) and DM- (49.3% vs 34.1%).Conclusion: We demonstrate evidence of peripheral neuropathy characterised by neuropathic symptoms, neurological deficits, elevated vibration perception and autonomic dysfunction with a dying-back neuropathy affecting the corneal nerves in obese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes.
Circulating eNAMPT as a Diagnostic Biomarker in the Critically Ill: Acute Pancreatitis, Sepsis, Trauma, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Bime Christian , Casanova Nancy Gonzalez , Camp Sara M. , Oita Radu C. , Ndukum Juliet , Hernon Vivian Reyes , Oh Dong Kyu , Li Yansong , Greer Phil J. , Whitcomb David C , Papachristou Georgios I. , Garcia Joe G. N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a protein that exhibits dual functionality – as an intracellular enzyme which regulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and as an extracellular protein (eNAMPT) secreted into the blood and functions as a cytokine regulator of innate immunity by activating NF-κB via binding to Toll-Like receptor 4. In limited preclinical and clinical studies, eNAMPT was implicated in the pathobiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) suggesting that eNAMPT could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of circulating eNAMPT levels to serve as a biomarker in an expanded cohort of patients with ARDS and ARDS-predisposing conditions such as acute pancreatitis, sepsis, and trauma when compared to controls. Methods: 795 patients and 179 healthy controls were included in the discovery and validation cohorts. Plasma and serum eNAMPT levels were quantified using one of two complementary Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays. After log base 2 variance stabilizing transformation of plasma/serum eNAMPT measurements, differences between healthy controls and each disease cohort were compared using linear regression or generalized estimating equation (GEE) model where applicable. Complementary analyses included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and the area under the receiver operating curve. Results: Compared to controls, circulating eNAMPT levels were significantly higher in patients with acute pancreatitis, with sepsis, with trauma, and with ARDS (all p<0.01). In the acute pancreatitis cohort, circulating eNAMPT levels positively correlated with disease severity (p<0.01). Conclusions: Circulating eNAMPT levels are a potential novel diagnostic biomarker in the critically ill with acute pancreatitis, sepsis, trauma, and/or ARDS.
Exosomal MicroRNA-151a-3p Improves the Sensitivity to Radiotherapy via the Interaction between p53 and Histone Deacetylase 5
Authors: Lee Seung Min , yoon Bo Hyun , Kang Myoung-Hee , Kim Dong Ha , cho Yong-Hee , choi Min , Lee Jin Woo , Kim Tae Keun , ryu Je-Won , Kim Kyunggon , Sung Young Hoon , Pack Chan-Gi , rho Jin Kyung , Lee Sang-wook , Ha Chang Hoon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Tumor-derived exosomal microRNAs are key elements of the cell-cell communications response to lots of stimuli. However, various functions of the exosome in tumor suppression by radiotherapy (RT) are not clearly understood. Our study showed a previously unknown interaction of p53 and histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) by radiation exposure in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Using serial ultracentrifugation methods, radiation and non-radiation exosomes were purified to investigate the radioresistance of miRNA151a-3p. Radiation doses were treated in 2gy and 4gy using radiation equipment X-RAD 320 to observe the expression of HDAC5 and p53 in hepatic cancer cells. Exosomal miRNA bioinformatics analysis was conducted to find a variation in the miRNA configuration inside Exosome after radiation exposure.Results: HDAC5 and p53 interacted by exposure to radiation, which increased exosome release and altered microRNAs' composition within exosomes. Also, we have described the intercommunication occurring between irradiated and untreated cells via exosomal microRNAs that affect tumor proliferation. In particular, the expression of exosomal microR151a-3p was markedly reduced by radiation treatment. We confirmed that inhibition of exosomal microR151a-3p promotes suppression of non-irradiated cancer cells, thereby increasing RT sensitivity. Conclusion: our present findings demonstrated HDAC5 is a key component of the p53-mediated release of exosomes resulting in tumor suppression through exosomal microRNA-151a-3p in response to radiation. Finally, we highlight the important role of exosomal microRNA 151a-3p as a biomarker in enhancing RT sensitivity.
3D Brownian Motion Thin Film Fluid spraying nanoparticles impact of Convective Heat Phenomena over Stretchable Rotating Surface: Numerical Computation
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Rasheed Haroon , Khan Waris 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine thin-film nanomaterial movement in three dimensions over a stretchable rotating inclined surface. Similarity variables are used to transform fundamental systems of equations into a set of First-order Differential Equations. The Runge-Kutta Fourth Order approach is utilized for numerical purpose solution. Variable thickness., Unsteadiness parameter., Prandtl number., Schmidt number., Brownian-motion parameter., and Thermophoretic parameter have all been seen to have an impact. Physically and statistically, the indispensable terms namely Nusselt as well as Sherwood numbers are also investigated. As the dimensionless factor \(S\) grows, the temperature field decreases. The momentum boundary layer is cooled when the parameter \(S\) is improved, and the opposite effect is observed for Nusselt number. A greater Schmidt number Sc reduces the Sherwood number by increasing the kinematic viscosity as well as Concentration of the chemical species. Further, the RK4 method is also validated with the HAM approach. Furthermore, we verified the acquired results by establishing a comparison with previous literature, and we discovered an outstanding match, confirming the accuracy of the current communication.
Inference and Validation of The Structure of Lotka-Volterra Models
Authors: Voit Eberhard , Davis Jacob , Olivenca Daniel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For close to a century, Lotka-Volterra (LV) models have been used to investigate interactions among populations of different species. For a few species, these investigations are straightforward. However, with the arrival of large and complex microbiomes, unprecedently rich data have become available and await analysis. In particular, these data require us to ask which microbial populations of a mixed community affect other populations, whether these influences are activating or inhibiting and how the interactions change over time. Here we present two new inference strategies for interaction parameters that are based on a new algebraic LV inference (ALVI) method. One strategy uses different survivor profiles of communities grown under similar conditions, while the other pertains to time series data. In addition, we address the question of whether observation data are compliant with the LV structure or require a richer modeling format.
Association between climate conditions and osteoarthritis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Lin , Xu Qinguang , Chen Yan , Xue Yan , Jiang Ding , Wang Xuezong , Wu Yun Yu , Zheng Yuxin , Cao Yuelong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, causing by multiple factors. It has long been a belief that arthritis pain is influenced by the weather. However, scientific studies have documented inconsistent results. To date, neither systematic review nor meta-analysis of existing findings has comprehensively considered their relations. The present study will critically appraise and synthesize the existing evidence from observational studies that examined the relationship between certain climate conditions and OA.
Methods and design:

This protocol will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. There are no restrictions on the study date or publication status for searches in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, and other relative databases. All eligible observational studies will be included, with weather conditions as effect factors and OA symptom or imaging abnormality as outcomes. Two reviewers will be responsible for data extraction and analysis. Risk of bias and quality appraisal will be performed for the included studies using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis will be conducted using Rev Man V.5.3 with the associations between weather conditions and OA presented by odds ratios (ORs), relative risks (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results

This systematic review and meta-analysis will present the overall association between weather conditions and OA. The association of climate factors influencing OA incidence or progression would be further illustrated in subgroup analysis depending on whether that has been extensively described in the literature.
Discussion

This study will provide the analysis evidence on the effect of meteorological factors on OA. In an approach of dealing with weather conditions, the results will benefit the daily management of OA.
Screening risk factors of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke : A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Weiping , Liu Lu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the risk factors associated with in-hospital unfavorable outcomes after IV thrombolytic therapy in AIS patients.
Materials and Methods

This two-center retrospective study included AIS patients admitted at the advanced stroke centers of two Grade A tertiary hospitals in China between January 2018 and January 2020. The unfavorable outcome was defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥ 16, indicating neurological functional deficit. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to screen out the factors associated with an unfavorable outcome.
Results

A total of 878 AIS patients undergoing IV thrombolytic therapy were included in this study. After multivariable analysis, Age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.101, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.048–1.157, P < 0.001), NIHSS score immediately after thrombolysis (OR = 1.336, 95%CI = 1.235–1.444, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1.432-4.4, P = 0.001), electrocardiogram grade 2 (OR = 17.532, 95%CI = 1.765-174.178, P = 0.014), electrocardiogram grade 3 (OR = 25.213, 95%CI = 2.219-286.425, P = 0.009), computed tomography 24 h after thrombolysis (OR = 3.308, 95%CI = 1.325–8.26, P = 0.010), and lower extremity venous color Doppler ultrasound (OR = 5.685, 95%CI = 1.85-17.471, P = 0.002) were risk factors associated with the adverse outcome. Single antiplatelet (OR = 0.089, 95%CI = 0.033–0.237, P < 0.001), double antiplatelet (OR = 0.063, 95%CI = 0.014–0.289, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.047, 95%CI = 0.005–0.488, P = 0.010), and apoprotein A1 (OR = 0.034, 95%CI = 0.002–0.573, P = 0.019) were protecting factors for the outcome.
Conclusion

Electrocardiogram, cholesterol, NIHSS, computed tomography, and Doppler ultrasound could predict unfavorable neurological functional outcomes after thrombolysis for AIS. Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of unfavorable outcomes.
Longitudinal Analysis of Built Environment and Aerosol Contamination Associated with Isolated COVID-19 Positive Individuals
Authors: Horve Patrick , Dietz Leslie , Bowles Garis , MacCrone Georgia , Olsen-Martinez Andreas , Northcutt Dale , Moore Vincent , Barnatan Liliana , Parhizkar Hooman , Wymelenberg Kevin Van Den 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The indoor environment is the primary location for the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), largely driven by respiratory particle accumulation in the air and increased connectivity between the individuals occupying indoor spaces. In this study, we aimed to track a cohort of subjects as they occupied a COVID-19 isolation dormitory to better understand the impact of subject and environmental viral load over time, symptoms, and room ventilation on the detectable viral load within a single room. We find that subject samples demonstrate a decrease in overall viral load over time, symptoms significantly impact environmental viral load, and we provide the first real-world evidence for decreased aerosol SARS-CoV-2 load with increasing ventilation, both from mechanical and window sources. These results may guide environmental viral surveillance strategies and be used to better control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within built environments and better protect those caring for individuals with COVID-19.
Uncertainty analysis regarding evaluating effective parameters on the hydraulic jump characteristics of different shape channels
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Homayounfar Farzin , Ghasempour Roghayeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The hydraulic jump phenomenon is a beneficial tool in open channels for dissipating the extra energy of the flow. The sequent depth ratio and hydraulic jump length critically contribute to designing hydraulic structures. In this research, the capability of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) as kernel-based approaches was evaluated to estimate the features of submerged and free hydraulic jumps in channels with rough elements and various shapes, followed by comparing the findings of the GPR and SVM models and the semi-empirical equations. The results represented the effect of the geometry (i.e., steps and roughness elements) of the applied appurtenances on hydraulic jump features in channels with appurtenances. Moreover, the findings confirmed the significance of the upstream Froude number in the estimating of sequent depth ratio in submerged and free hydraulic jumps. In addition, the immersion was the highest contributing variable regarding the submerged jump length on sloped smooth bed and horizontal channels. Based on the comparisons among kernel-based approaches and the semi-empirical equations, kernel-based models showed better performance than these equations. Finally, an uncertainty analysis was conducted to assess the dependability of the best applied model. The results revealed that the GRP model possesses an acceptable level of uncertainty in the modeling process.
Los Parques Urbanos de Quito: Distribución, Accesibilidad y Segregación Espacial
Authors: Cuvi Nicolás , Gómez Vélez Laura Catalina 
Published: August 2021

Se presenta un análisis de la cantidad, distribución y accesibilidad de los parques de las áreas urbanas de Quito, y su relación con tres variables: valor del suelo, pobreza por Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas y autoidentificación étnica. Se combinó la revisión de bibliografía, levantamiento de información geográfica, análisis de relación entre variables y análisis socioespacial. Predominan los parques pequeños, aunque la mayor cantidad de áreas verdes se concentra en parques de gran tamaño. De modo general, el Índice Verde Urbano (IVU) es adecuado, pero el verde no está equitativamente distribuido. Los barrios con mayor IVU suelen tener mayor valor del suelo y menos pobreza, sin una relación clara con lo étnico; sin embargo, también existen barrios con poco valor del suelo, alta pobreza y muchos parques. La accesibilidad a parques pequeños y muy grandes aumenta en sitios con mayor valor del suelo y menos pobreza, y donde la población se autoidentifica como blanca.
Las áreas históricamente planificadas de la ciudad, como el actual hipercentro, cuentan con mayor superficie y accesibilidad a parques, mientras que las periferias y zonas que fueron producto de una expansión sin planificación, mediante invasiones y mercados informales, son menos favorecidas. El análisis lleva a reflexionar sobre la necesidad de reformular los espacios urbanos para lograr una mayor cantidad y accesibilidad a áreas verdes para toda la población.
Herramientas de Gestión Ambiental Aplicadas en el Trabajo Final de Master en una Universidad Chilena
Authors: Suárez-Amaya Wendolin , Toledo Margarita Briceño , Montecinos Michel Valdés 
Published: August 2021

Cada vez más gobiernos y organizaciones toman conciencia acerca de la importancia que reviste el desarrollo de un modelo económico-productivo y sostenible, por lo que la formación de profesionales en gestión ambiental dirigida a la resolución de problemas adquiere un carácter estratégico. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las características del Trabajo Final de Magíster (TFM) del programa académico Magíster en Gestión y Administración Ambiental (MGA) en modalidad virtual de aprendizaje de la Universidad Arturo Prat de Chile (UNAP) con énfasis en las herramientas de gestión ambiental aplicadas para la solución de problemas concretos. La metodología tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo de corte transeccional. Se analizaron treinta TFM que provienen del programa MGA en modalidad virtual de aprendizaje de la UNAP desde el inicio del programa en el año 2016 hasta el año 2020. Los principales resultados revelan que las herramientas más comúnmente utilizadas para elaboración de los TFM en la MGA son cinco: cumplimiento de normativas de parte de las organizaciones (43,3%), análisis de ciclo de vida (23,3%) y la cuantificación de la huella de carbono (20%) con lo cual se cubre cerca del 90% de preferencia en estas herramientas de gestión. Se concluye que los TFM en gestión y administración ambiental de la UNAP bajo la modalidad virtual de aprendizaje ofrecen propuestas de solución a problemas reales identificados en organizaciones reales, lo cual demuestra que bajo este ambiente de aprendizaje es posible cumplir con una educación de calidad, y la formación de un profesional no solo concientizado con la problemática social, sino que además cuenta con las herramientas necesarias para actuar de manera eficaz para impactar en la mejora de la calidad de vida.