bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on managing diabetes mellitus among Sudanese insulin pump users, A study from Sudan
Authors: Salih Esraa Hassan , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla , Babiker Omer Osman , Mohamed Malaz Tarig Abdalla , Salih Zeinab Mohammed Amara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 lockdown has affected diabetes management among the insulin pump users by changing their life style, affected their mental health, limited diabetes and insulin pump supplies and more difficult communication with the healthcare providersObjectives: The aim of this research is to study the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on managing diabetes mellitus among Sudanese insulin pump users, SudanMethods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, Community based in Shimaa medical CO. LTD. A 26 insulin pump users were chosen by total coverage and the data was collected throughout phone call interviews. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 20.Results: The mean age of 22 participants was 25.3 ± 17.2 years, and the majority (63.6%) were females. The average duration of diabetes was 6.9 ± 3.9 years, and the average duration of insulin pump use was 3 ± 1 years. Of the 22 patients (90.9%) used glucometer for monitoring blood sugar. 9 (40.9%) were less subjective to depression, 9 (40.9%) had moderate susceptibility to have depression. Most of the patients have unchanged adherence to the insulin pump behaviours, carb counting (63.6%), boluswizard during mealtime (68.2%), and bolus wizard for hyperglycemia correction (68.2%), self-monitoring of blood glucose (40.9 %). (40.9%) of the patients had scheduled phone call appointments, 5 patients (22.7%) received virtual education (VE) from the insulin pump technician. 12 patients (54.5%) reported difficult obtaining at least one type of insulin pump supply.Conclusion: COVID-19 lock down has led to the decrease in physical activity with unchanged dietary habits. Getting the insulin pump supplies was difficult for most of the patient’s, and there was shortage and increase prices for diabetes care supplies. Telemedicine should be considered seriously to ease the communication between the patients and the health care providers.
Measuring Patient Compliance With Remote Monitoring Following Discharge From Hospital After Major Surgery (DREAMPath): Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Khetrapal Pramit , Stafford Ronnie , Ó Scanaill Pádraig , Kocadag Huriye , Timinis Constantinos , Chang Angela H L , Hadjivasiliou Adamos , Liu Yansong , Gibbs Olivia , Pickford Eleanor , Walker David , Baker Hilary , Duncan Jacqueline , Tan Melanie , Williams Norman , Catto James , Drobnjak Ivana , Kelly John 
Published: August 2021

Background
The incidence of major surgery is on the rise globally, and more than 20% of patients are readmitted to hospital following discharge from hospital. During their hospital stay, patients are monitored for early detection of clinical deterioration, which includes regularly measuring physiological parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and pulse oximetry. This monitoring ceases upon hospital discharge, as patients are deemed clinically stable. Monitoring after discharge is relevant to detect adverse events occurring in the home setting and can be made possible through the development of digital technologies and mobile networks. Smartwatches and other technological devices allow patients to self-measure physiological parameters in the home setting, and Bluetooth connectivity can facilitate the automatic collection and transfer of this data to a secure server with minimal input from the patient.

Objective
This paper presents the protocol for the DREAMPath (Domiciliary Recovery After Medicalization Pathway) study, which aims to measure compliance with a multidevice remote monitoring kit after discharge from hospital following major surgery.

Methods
DREAMPath is a single-center, prospective, observational, cohort study, comprising 30 patients undergoing major intracavity surgery. The primary outcome is to assess patient compliance with wearable and interactive smart technology in the first 30 days following discharge from hospital after major surgery. Secondary outcomes will explore the relation between unplanned health care events and physiological data collected in the study, as well as to explore a similar relationship with daily patient-reported outcome measures (Quality of Recovery–15 score). Secondary outcomes will be analyzed using appropriate regression methods. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing data will also be collected to assess correlations with wearable device data.

Results
Recruitment was halted due to COVID-19 restrictions and will progress once research staff are back from redeployment. We expect that the study will be completed in the first quarter of 2022.

Conclusions
Digital health solutions have been recently made possible due to technological advances, but urgency in rollout has been expedited due to COVID-19. The DREAMPath study will inform readers about the feasibility of remote monitoring for a patient group that is at an increased risk of acute deterioration.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN62293620; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN62293620

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/30638
Pasado, presente y futuro de la evaluación de la composición corporal en deportistas cubanos
Authors: Carvajal Veitia Wiliam 
Published: August 2021

<p>El presente trabajo da una panorámica de la evolución de los estudios de composición corporal (cc) en el sistema médico deportivo cubano. Se transita desde la etapa precursora a nivel internacional, donde se detalla el surgimiento de métodos tradicionales de empleo para la investigación en deportistas; pasando por las primeras contribuciones cubanas, basadas en estudios de pesaje hidrostático, y en propuestas novedosas generalizadas a nivel nacional e internacional. Por último, se resaltan las aportaciones más recientes, donde se profundiza en la importancia del perfeccionamiento en las investigaciones de la cc. Para la exploración se accedió a todas las fuentes documentales existentes, a partir de la búsqueda de las fuentes del Instituto Nacional de Deportes y Recreación de Cuba, así como a partir de la Red Informática Mundial. Se realizó un ordenamiento cronológico de las fuentes que constituyen el hilo conductor de la presente propuesta. La importancia que posee esta investigación es que, de una forma muy sencilla, describe cómo se han dado los grados sucesivos de aproximación a la realidad, al estudio de un pilar de la cineantropometría que aun posee muchas limitaciones para su estudio a nivel internacional “la composición corporal”. </p><div> </div>
A propósito de la educación y la diversidad lingüística en el Instituto Intercultural Ayuuk
Authors: Santiago Jazmín Nallely Arguelles 
Published: August 2021

<p class="p1"><span class="s1">Considerando que la composición pluricultural y plurilingüe de México exige enfrentar los retos en pro de la riqueza cultural y lingüística que nos atañe a todos como humanidad, entonces el reconocimiento de los derechos lingüísticos de los pueblos originarios, la exigencia de una educación basada en el fortalecimiento de la identidad y el aprecio por la diversidad constituyen los elementos de una problemática que merece ser visibilizada para encontrar alternativas de solución concretas. </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1">El presente trabajo analiza y reflexiona sobre la propuesta educativa y la situación de las lenguas indígenas en el Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk (ISIA), toda vez que la preservación y revitalización lingüística en la región es un imperativo actual. Hoy en día, resulta indispensable el ejercicio de los derechos lingüísticos de los pueblos indígenas y la obligación del Estado de garantizar una educación con pertinencia lingüística y cultural para una vida digna desde el escenario comunitario, así como su desarrollo integral en concomitancia con los ámbitos nacional e internacional.</span></p>
Hacia la resignificación de la escritura: literacidad entre docentes de educación indígena
Authors: Vicente Ferrer Angel , Hernández Domínguez Rolando , Chávez Peón Mario Ernesto , Martínez Casas Regina María 
Published: August 2021

<p>La creciente y acelerada expansión del español, así como el progresivo desplazamiento de las lenguas indígenas mexicanas en nuestro país es un fenómeno que ha llamado la atención de los investigadores en las últimas décadas. Diversos movimientos se han manifestado a favor de la conservación y empoderamiento de las lenguas indomexicanas, apostando por su escritura como una de las principales estrategias. No obstante, el desarrollo de un sistema de escritura ha sido muchas veces complicado, discontinuo y con frecuencia ha dejado de lado la presencia de los docentes y hablantes. En el presente artículo se muestra que, mediante el ejercicio reflexivo de la escritura en lenguas indomexicanas, puede lograrse que los profesores bilingües lengua indígena-español construyan marcos de referencia propios. La tarea de “pensar la escritura” en lenguas indígenas ha permitido que los do-<br /> centes sean conscientes del lugar que ocupan sus lenguas dentro del diverso panorama lingüístico presente en el territorio nacional y de generar propuestas que fortalezcan los hábitos de cultura escrita en los idiomas indomexicanos, incluyendo secuencias didácticas, material escolar y talleres regionales. Las evidencias que aquí se presentan tuvieron su origen en los Diplomados en Bases Lingüístico-Pedagógicas para la Asignatura en Lengua Indígena que se impartieron en 2018 a docentes indígenas de educación básica, hablantes de 18 lenguas indomexicanas; dicho proyecto fue coordinado por un equipo multidisciplinario, multicultural y multilingüe, adscrito al Gabinete Nanginá del ciesas, en convenio con la DGEI.</p><div> </div>
Sistema locativo en tres lenguas otomangues
Authors: Ortiz Villegas Alejandra Itzel , Hernández Hernández Natalia , Mora Bustos Armando , García Zúñiga H. Antonio 
Published: August 2021

<p>En este artículo se describe el sistema locativo en amuzgo, mazahua y mazateco. Se destaca que dicho sistema, dividido en verbal y no verbal, permite caracterizar la marcación de la locación en estas lenguas como mixta, puesto que, por un lado, parte de la semántica propia de los verbos de naturaleza locativa y, por el otro, muestra divergencia entre unidades como los adverbios, los demostrativos locativos y los sustantivos relacionales. Se pone en relieve el sistema de las adposiciones locativas puesto que es el espacio de la gramática en el que las tres lenguas analizadas coinciden. El principal aporte del trabajo consiste en presentar ese sistema mixto y discutir la existencia de un tipo de adposiciones diferentes (las especificativas) a las dos ya identificadas (predicativas y no predicativas). La propuesta pretende ilustrar una prospección de la variedad de la marcación locativa existente al interior de la familia otomangue. La información procede de una muestra amplia de géneros (narraciones, historias de vida, diálogos) tomada, en cada caso, en campo. </p><div> </div>
Impact of Training Resident Physicians in Self-Perception of Knowledge to Face Epidemics during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Reyna Figueroa Jesús , Cabañas Espinosa Berenice , Luna Rivera Eva M. , Esquivel Torruco Yamile N. , Bejarano Juvera Arely A. , Bustamante Flores Kinari A. , Aguilar Martínez Naomi , Azcorra López Jessica G. , Arce Salinas César A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Globally, training is the way to increase the knowledge to prevent COVID-19 in resident physicians.
Methods: We conducted an interventional study, not randomized, with baseline measurement and without a control group (before and after study) from April to September 2020; we evaluate the results of a training program in a group of resident physicians, on their self-perception of the ability to face an epidemiological contingency, as well as their willingness to work in these circumstances. The data were statistically evaluated with the chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study was approved by the Hospital's research ethics committee.
Results: In the baseline survey, the self-perceived qualification in the management of epidemics by influenza, Ebola and COVID-19 was failing (average of 5.5, 4.5 and 3, respectively. The average of the post-training evaluation was 7.1, 6.6 and 7, respectively, being significant only for COVID-19 (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The training improved the level of knowledge of resident doctors in epidemics management, particularly COVID-19.
Clinical Profile of US Combat Veterans with PTSD on M-FAST Items
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z. , Mann Stephan C. , Velamoor Varadaraj R. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST; Miller, 2001) is a widely used but controversial instrument promulgated to measure malingering. Its use is encouraged by publications which are methodologically flawed such as the recent meta-analysis by Detullio et al. (2019). In this study, we examine which of M-FAST’s 25 items are most frequently endorsed by veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Method: Using tabular data published by Wolf’s team in 2020, we identified from a clinical perspective, the 7 M-FAST items endorsed by the highest proportions of 121 US combat veterans with a probable current diagnosis of PTSD. Since the M-FAST diagnostic cutoff is 6 or more points and each endorsed item counts as one point, the 7 most frequently endorsed M-FAST items provide a clinical profile, via their content, as to which items are most frequently involved in misdiagnosing veterans as malingerers.
Results and Discussion: Item 2 (“feeling depressed most of the time”) was endorsed by 67.8%, Item 23 (“feeling that I don’t really matter”) by 56.2%, Item 20 (formication) by 28.9%, and Item 17 (phantosmia, i.e., “false sensation of an odor”) by 24.0%. Formication and phantosmia are legitimate neuropsychological symptoms that may occur with whiplash injuries and head trauma or exposure to toxic chemicals in combat. Item 21 (“at times hearing music coming from nowhere”) endorsed by 22.3% may describe spontaneous intrapsychic activity of musically inclined persons. Item 14 (“Sometimes it seems as if someone controls my symptoms, turning them on and off”) endorsed by 20.7% may reflect the unpredictable fluctuation of frequency and severity of PTSD symptoms. Item 1 (“restlessness while seated”) endorsed by 19.8% is scored in the M-FAST as a discrepancy between the patient reporting that he “often” feels restless, and the examiner’s observation that no such nonverbal behavior during the brief M-FAST interview was noted. Restlessness is a post-concussive symptom that is not necessarily always present, such as during the M-FAST interview.
Conclusions: All 7 most frequently endorsed items by combat veterans are neither exclusive to malingerers nor pathognomonic of malingering. They form a pattern of legitimate medical symptoms fallaciously scored and interpreted in the M-FAST’s system as indicators of malingering.
Clinical Profile on the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) of Veterans versus Patients Injured in Motor Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z. , Fattahi Milad , Diamond David M. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The 20 items of PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) can be rank ordered from highest to the lowest, based on item mean scores in a particular clinical group. Thus, they can provide an overview of the relative importance of each of the symptoms represented by these 20 items, i.e., a clinical profile for the particular type of patients. This study compared such ranking of PCL-5 items by US veterans with those of patients injured in high impact motor vehicle accidents (MVAs).
Method: De-identified PCL-5 data were available for 80 post-MVA patients (mean age 38.9 years, SD=12.8) and for 468 US veterans (mean age 55.4 years, SD=13.8). The US veterans’ data are those published by Bovin et al. in 2016.
Results and Discussion: The overall rank order of PCL-5 items was significantly similar in the two groups (Spearman’s rho=.83), perhaps due to certain similarities of the two groups (potential threat to life or of severe physical injury). Both groups rated the Item 20 (sleep difficulties) as the most prominent, and they rated Item 16 (taking too many risks) and then Item 8 (trouble remembering details of the stressful event) as least prominent.
The largest clinically interesting difference in the item rank was on Item 12 (loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities) which was more prominent in the MVA patients, presumably due to their persistent post-accident pain (all but one MVA patient reported pain, and in 82.5% the pain was rated as more than mild).
Conclusions: In both groups, the ratings of sleep difficulties were the most prominent and ratings of taking excessive risks and of not remembering details of stressful evens were least prominent. The overall rank order of the 20 items was significantly similar in the two groups.
Assessment of Immunoreactivity against Therapeutic Options Employing the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test as a Tool for Precision Medicine
Authors: Olivier Celso Eduardo , Pinto Daiana Guedes , Lima Regiane Patussi dos Santos , Silva Mariana Dias da , Santos Raquel Acácia Pereira Gonçalves dos , Teixeira Ana Paula Monezzi , Simioni Patricia Ucelli 
Published: August 2021

Background: The Precision Medicine’s approach employs the endotype concept as a central feature to personalize medical treatment. Individual immunoreactivity, alongside characteristics such as genetics, environment, and diet, is one of the factors that differentiates the therapeutic-driven endotypes.
Objective: To evaluate the opportunity of the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition test to differentiate the immunoreactivity between two similar therapeutic agents employed on Allergen Immunotherapy.
Methods: Side by side Leukocyte Adherence Inhibitions tests were performed with ovalbumin and carbamylated ovalbumin on a population of 33 self-reported egg-allergic individuals.
Results: The results showed two endotypes inside the immune response of the studied groups: The first endotype was defined by the 16 individuals that presented a significant decrease in ovalbumin’s immunoreactivity after carbamylation (mean of differences = 35%; p = 0.002). The second endotype was defined by 17 individuals that presented a significant increase in ovalbumin’s immunoreactivity after carbamylation (mean of differences = 32%; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: The Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition test was able to differentiate two distinct immunoreactivity patterns when comparing two similar therapeutic agents suggesting, as proof of concept, a potential role to be employed as a Precision Medicine tool.
Early Experience with Laparoscopic Surgery for Undescended Testis at a Tertiary Hospital in Ibadan (2015-2019)
Authors: Takure Augustine O. , Chibuzo Ijeoma J. , Afuwape Oludolapo O. , Adebayo Sikiru A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Undescended testis (UDT) is of concern to the patient. If not treated may be complicated by trauma, torsion, male sub-fertility, and testicular cancer. In Nigeria it is commonly treated by open orchidopexy or orchidectomy. We report our experience with the laparoscopic management of undescended testes in the Western part of Nigeria.
Methodology: The aim of this study was to report our early experience with the laparoscopic treatment of undescended testis in our centre. The study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2019. The data studied were age, unilateral or bilateral UDT, operation performed, pre-and intra-operative findings, operation time, and the outcome. The data were represented in tables and with operative pictures. Ethical clearance was obtained.
Results: A total 12 patients were treated which consisted of 7 children and 5 adults with a mean age of 11 (6-17) years and 35.2 (29-42) years respectively. Preoperatively, 9 patients had transperitoneal laparoscopic orchidopexy, orchidectomy or varicocelectomy. The laparoscopic findings were peeping testis (5), intraabdominal testis (8), intracanalicular (5), and one absent testis. All the post-orchidopexy testes remained in the scrotum at 18 months of follow up. In the adults, there was improvement in the semen parameters in 2 men while 3 had persistent azoospermia.
Conclusion: In our setting, laparoscopy for undescended testis is feasible, safe, diagnostic, and therapeutic. In infertile men with undescended testis and unilateral varicocele, laparoscopic varicocelectomy results in improved semen quality.
Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts against Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates
Authors: Kagia Richard , Chepkirui Carolyne , Walekhwa Michael , Ogeto Teresa , Suge Titus , Murithi Mary , Ndubi Ferdinand , Wambugu Esbon , Baiwo Hadan , Malago Zablon , Kipsang Fred 
Published: August 2021

Pneumococcal diseases (PD) constitute a major threat to the global public health stability especially in the developing world. The risk is greater for children under 5 years, the elderly and persons living with compromised immune systems. Antibiotic agents, conjugate as well as polysaccharide vaccines have been available for several decades and have saved many lives. However, the burden of PD has consistently remained high resulting in poor quality of life and strained economic tenets. Constant resistance to available antibiotic agents and low access to vaccines constitute major setbacks to efforts meant to scale down the burden of PD. The need to explore more viable and promising options is not only urgent but also untenable. We profiled the pharmacological credentials of Moringa oleifera extracts as a possible efficacious alternative to conventional prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Methanol and ethanol extracts of air-dried leaves of Moringa oleifera plant were subjected to phytochemical screening to identify the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phyto-sterols, oils, and fats. A working solution of the two extracts was prepared by dissolving 20 mg & 40 mg of the extracts in 1ml of 99.9% dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. Sterilized 6 mm blank discs were loaded with 20ul of the final extract concentrations and incubated at 45 ºC for 20 hours. Dimethyl sulfoxide (100% DMSO) impregnated discs and 30 mcg ceftriaxone antibiotics were used as negative and positive controls respectively. Colon morphology on gentamicin blood agar (GBA) and blood agar (BA), gram staining and optochin assay were leveraged to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae. Disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar was used to evaluate sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the subject extracts. Methanol and ethanol extracts were found to contain carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, fixed oils, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. Both extracts were found to contain flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Ethanol & methanol extracts had lower anti-bacterial activity as compared to the 30 mcg positive control. Further exploration to reveal the anti-bacterial activity of aqueous based extracts on Streptococcus pneumoniae is strongly recommended