bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Journey of MOSFET from Planar to Gate All Around: A Review
Authors: Nanda Umakanta , Bhol Krutideepa , Jena Biswajit 
Published: July 2021

:
With the continuous miniaturization in device dimension to reach the expectation raised by
semiconductor users, the shape and size of the MOSFET are changing periodically. The journey started
in the year 1960, reached the milestone, and still going on to create history. Due to continuous
downscaling, the device dimensions have already reached the critical limit and further miniaturization
is a challenge. As a result of which some unwanted effects were raised unknowingly to suppress the
device performances while entering into nanoscale. To overcome these kinds of barriers, different device
architectures were proposed to keep the journey on. This paper focused on those types of advanced
structures in MOSFET, which kept Moore’s law alive.
Recent Patents and Potential Applications of Homogenisation Techniques
in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Dureja Harish , Khanuja Harpreet Kaur 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The term homogenise means "to force or provide coalesce". Homogenisation
is a process to attain homogenous particle size. The objective of the homogenisation process is to use
fluid force to split the fragments or tiny particles contained in the fluids into very small dimensions and
form a sustainable dispersion suitable for further production.

Methods:
The databases were collected through Scopus, google patent, science web, google scholar,
PubMed on the concept of homogenisation. The data obtained were systematically investigated.

Results:
The present study focus on the use of the homogenisation in drug delivery system. The aim of
homogenisation process is to achieve the particle size in micro-and nano- range as it affects the different
parameters in the formulation and biopharmaceutical profile of the drug. The particle size reduction
plays a key role in influencing drug dissolution and absorption. The reduced particle size enhances the
stability and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Homogenization technology ensures to achieve effective,
clinically efficient and targeted drug delivery with the minimal side effect.

Conclusion:
Homogenization technology has been shown to be an efficient and easy method of size
reduction to increase solubility and bioavailability, stability of drug carriers. This article gives an overview
of the process attributes affecting the homogenization process, the patenting of homogeniser types,
design, the geometry of valves and nozzles and its role in drug delivery.
Dari “Diislamkan” ke “Dipestakan”: Pergeseran Makna Mujêlisên (Khitanan) pada Masyarakat Gayo
Authors: Bakti Indra Setia , Harinawati  , Ikramatoun Siti 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the meaning shift of mujêlisên in Gayo society. The meaning given to the mujêlisên tradition has not been constant at all times. In the Gayo lens traditional, mujêlisên means something Islamic or "to be Islamic". So the activities carried out are directed at actions that are nuanced with spirituality. The study was qualitative research. This study found that over time, the meaning of the mujêlisên tradition was shifted. In praxis, the spirituality aspect not dominates the discourse but has been covered by profane culture festivity practices. It is supported by the various easily accessible facilities to fulfil the consumptive desires of festivity actors.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pergeseran makna mujêlisên pada masyarakat Gayo. Makna yang diberikan terhadap tradisi mujêlisên pada masyarakat Gayo tidak selalu ajeg dari masa ke masa. Dalam lensa adat Gayo, sunatan atau mujêlisên bermakna diislamkan, sehingga aktivitas yang dilakukan diwarnai tindakan-tindakan yang mengarah pada aspek spiritualitas. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif guna mengungkap dan merefleksikan pergeseran makna pada tradisi mujêlisên. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa seiring perkembangan zaman, pemaknaan tradisi mujêlisên mulai ikut bergeser. Pada level praksis, gagasan spiritualitas tidak lagi mendominasi wacana, namun sudah ditutupi oleh praktik budaya pesta yang profan. Hal ini didukung oleh berbagai sarana yang tersedia dan mudah diakses untuk memenuhi hasrat konsumtif pelaku pesta.
A Study on the Communicative Competence of Indonesian Teachers at Bilingual Programs
Authors: Hartono Heny 
Published: July 2021

Teaching with English as a medium of instruction can be challenging for teachers in non-English speaking countries including Indonesia. The use of English as the language of instruction has become a part of marketing strategies for private schools to get more students. Apart from the marketing issue, the quality of the teachers should be on the top priority. Are the teachers qualified to serve as teachers at bilingual programs? Teachers’ communicative competence should add the general teaching competences of in-service teachers at bilingual programs. Unfortunately, schools hardly assess teachers’ communicative competence. This study aimed to find out the level of in-service teachers’ communicative competence and the correlation among the level of communicative competence aspects. This sequential explanatory study involved 82 in-service teachers who taught in English. The results of this study reveal that the subjects of this study were found in safe zone. It indicates that teachers of English speaking programs under this study can perform their tasks adequately although they cannot be called competent yet. From the Spearman correlational analysis, it was found out that the coefficient correlation was above 0.76 indicating a very strong correlation between communicative competence and its aspects and strong positive correlations among the communicative competence aspects. The results of this study provide valuable input of teachers’ communicative competence which can be further followed up with suitable trainings to improve teacher’s English competence.
Crouching Standards, Hidden Morals: A Choreographed National Rebuttal of Cosmopolitan Designs
Authors: Poruthiyil Prabhir Vishnu 
Published: July 2021

This case describes a sequence of events which started from allegations by non-government organizations of violations in the production unit of a global brand, and moved to (acrimonious) denials by the supplier and multinational buyers, failed negotiations, court cases, and judgments that crossed national boundaries. In the end, these events drew politicians and diplomats unwillingly into its vortex. The study shows how corporate actors, working from within a particular national space, can mobilize financial and emotional resources to align regulatory apparatuses of the state in their defence. The case also shows how global actors can be left in a no man’s land if they remain unaware of alliances being forged within national boundaries under a convenient smokescreen created by the confusion of roles and responsibilities to which they themselves may have contributed.
TAXATION OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY IN POLAND: THE CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Podstawka Marian , Podstawka Łukasz 
Published: July 2021

This study is a response to an ongoing debate on changes in the taxation of agricultural income. The current taxes applicable to farms in Poland do not concern income per se – they are property taxes which include: agricultural tax on land, forestry tax and property tax. Although these taxes do not refer to agricultural income, they are paid by it. It is important, therefore, to know how much this income is reduced by these taxes. Studies show that it is about 10%. Therefore, when a new income tax structure is introduced, its rate should not exceed 10%. The calculation of farm income in Poland will encounter many problems, such as establishing a catalogue of costs, which will include depreciation. In order to include it when calculating income, the present value of a farm’s fixed assets should first be established, which may encounter major substantive and organizational difficulties. More problems will surely follow, such as: dividing costs between household and agricultural holding, determining what a fixed asset is in the case of a farm, etc. It seems that calculating farm income is unavoidable. On the one hand, it is necessary for the potential introduction of income tax. On the other hand, having recognized the income situation of farms, one could resign from estimating losses caused by drought or other unfortunate events. Compensation could be granted due to income losses. This would be a clearer, more obvious and objective criterion. According to current practices, losses caused by unfortunate events (e.g. drought) do not always translate into losses in agricultural income, given that these losses are not always objectively estimated by the committees appointed by provincial governors. In the case of income losses, agricultural accounting data guarantee their objective appraisal. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the current situation regarding the taxation of agricultural activity and to present proposals for potential changes in the taxation of agricultural activity. Two research hypotheses were put forward: 1. the current level of taxation of income and revenue from agricultural activity with agricultural tax and property tax is symbolic, 2. in order to maintain the current tax treatment, the rate of the new tax on farm income cannot be higher than 10%. The article is based on descriptive, tabular and financial analysis methods. The sources of information were literature and FADN agricultural accounting data collected by the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute in Warsaw.
KONTEKSTUALISASI PEMBELAJARAN FILSAFAT ILMU PADA PROGRAM MAGISTER PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS MERCU BUANA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hastangka Hastangka 
Published: July 2021

Filsafat Ilmu merupakan salah satu mata kuliah wajib yang diselenggarakan untuk program studi magister Psikologi Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. Pada dasarnya, Filsafat Ilmu menjadi salah satu bagian penting pembelajaran untuk mahasiswa semester pertama pada jenjang strata 1 dan strata 2 di perguruan tinggi sebagai fondasi untuk mengenal, memahami, dan mendalami tentang bidang ilmu tertentu yang dipelajari. Filsafat Ilmu sebagai salah satu cabang filsafat khusus memiliki fungsi dan peran untuk menjadi dasar berpijak dalam memberikan kerangka ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis atas ilmu yang ada dan berkembang dewasa ini. Filsafat Ilmu diajarkan pada jenjang pendidikan Strata 2 sebagai upaya untuk memberikan kerangka berpikir untuk mengembangkan dan mendalami disiplin ilmu yang lebih spesifik dan mendalam. Penelitian ini merupakan salah satu bentuk penelitian tindakan kelas yang akan mendeskripsikan tentang proses pembelajaran Filsafat Ilmu pada Program Magister Psikologi Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta pada periode tahun 2020 sampai dengan 2021. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk memberikan orientasi dan pengenalan model pembelajaran Filsafat Ilmu pada program Strata 2 di Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. Kontekstualisasi pembelajaran Filsafat Ilmu untuk bidang disiplin ilmu di luar Filsafat menjadi penting. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan hasil wawancara kepada mahasiswa. Analisis data ini menggunakan analisis kritis, analisis induktif-deduktif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kontekstualisasi pembelajaran Filsafat Ilmu pada program Magister Psikologi dilakukan melalui pendekatan inovatif dan kreatif.
Torang Samua Basudara : Nilai Budaya dalam Menjaga Kerukunan Hidup Beragama di Kota Manado.
Authors: Jafar N Muhammad Kamil 
Published: July 2021

This article aims to describe and analyze the cultural values of Torang Samua Basudara which are the philosophy of living in harmony in the city of Manado. This study uses qualitative research methods, with data collection techniques namely observation and interviews, data analysis using three stages, namely data collection, reduction, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study provide an overview of the history of the origin of the meeting between ethnic Minahasa and immigrants who show an attitude of openness and care for the Minahasa people, then the core meaning of the torang samua basudara value is that we are all God's creations, must love one another, cherish and live in good conditions, as well as the reality of interpersonal life. religion in the city of Manado shows a harmony in society, differences do not become obstacles but they support each other in the common good.
aporte de la historia y teoría del diseño al taller de diseño industrial
Authors: Ortiz Juan Cecilio , Supisiche María Clara , Savogin Gonzalo 
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo de investigación se plantean, desde una mirada teórico-práctica, las dificultades que se vislumbran en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia y teoría del diseño industrial, referidas al proceso proyectual realizado en los talleres de diseño industrial de la universidad a la que pertenece este equipo de investigación, la Universidad Católica de Santa Fe.
Se tiene la convicción de que en la formación del diseñador industrial el conocimiento de disciplinas como las mencionadas ut supra son vitales para el adecuado ejercicio profesional, ya que les proporcionan competencias que les permiten percibir, concebir y delinear proyectos de objetos más acabados, como simulacro de la actuación profesional futura.
El propósito esencial de este trabajo de investigación es propiciar la comprensión e internalización de las variables del proyecto de Diseño Industrial, entendiendo a la historia y a la teoría del diseño como un conjunto de conocimientos considerados como insumos[1] para el desarrollo, argumentación y realización del proyecto de diseño.
[1] Insumo en el sentido operativo, que mediante la reflexión y la crítica de los fenómenos de la historia y la teoría aporta criterios proyectuales.
Animals, foods, and household items—oh my! Evidence of 24-30-month-old children’s increasing flexibility in word learning from naturalistic data
Authors: Russell Emily E. , Doerfel Mariel Kyger 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
At 18 months of age, children frequently generalize (and overgeneralize) novel objects’ labels by shape (Landau et al., 1988). However, data from laboratory studies using ostensive word-learning paradigms indicate that, by three years of age, children generalize the labels of novel objects depending on the objects’ perceptual characteristics and taxonomy (Lavin & Hall, 2001; Jones et al., 1991). The current study sought to document this shift in children’s word-learning strategies using naturalistic data. We tracked children’s vocabularies over a six-month period of time (between 24-30 months of age) and classified their known words according to perceptual organization of the object categories to which they refer (e.g., shape-based, material-based). Children’s vocabulary sizes and rates of growth varied in meaningful ways between types of object categories and between the superordinate categories (e.g., animals, toys) to which the object categories belong. Findings carry implications for two popular accounts of vocabulary acquisition.
Using video as a form of artistic communication: preparing for undergraduate assessment in Initial Teacher Education (ITE)
Authors: Dockerty Kelly 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In a fast-evolving Higher Education (HE) landscape amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for a Lecturer in Education to be dynamic and innovative with assessment pedagogy is no longer a desired skill but mandatory. In response to the demand from students as consumers and other key stakeholders, our innovative and somewhat artistic license in the learning context. At the student-facing edge of HE, Lecturers react to the ever-changing landscape with dynamism to positively impact the student experience. These continued efforts to provide the best student experience, enables HE institutions to remain competitive with Initial Teacher Education (ITE) provision as part of a cutthroat consumer driven marketplace. This article will present how video as a form of artistic communication supported year one ITE students to make sense of institutional assessment methods. Qualitatively, this research was focused on student perceptions gathered through a questionnaire. Student accounts expressed overwhelmingly that the use of video as a form of communication was easier to understand than written formats. The article concludes that to support a diverse student population at a distance and online, a choice of artistic assessment formats including video should be provided. The evidence herein shows that both student understanding and outcomes of assessment were statistically improved and that the format itself facilitated a willingness to engage online in a purposeful way with assessment. Students also repeatedly revisit assessment materials embedded in a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE).
Bricks and bombast: U.S. presidential economic cheerleading in response to the housing market
Authors: Olds Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is a long-standing discussion in the academic literature on whether presidential rhetoric mirrors or guides conditions in the sociopolitical environment. Scholars like Canes-Wrone (2001) and Edwards (2009) believe responsive presidential rhetoric that reflects what is happening in the sociopolitical environment is more likely to resonate with the public. This paper assesses whether presidents will heighten the usage of cheerleading rhetoric about the economy that uses a positive tone in response to changes in the housing market. The time series analyses of information available between 1963 to 2005 indicate presidents increase economic cheerleading in response to positive changes in the housing market.
Unpacking the politics of equality, diversity and inclusion: The case of Israeli Jewish and Palestinian women in municipal councils
Authors: Syna Helena Desivilya , Palgi Michal , Karkabi Maha Sabbah 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research aims to unpack the politics of gender equality and inclusion in municipal councils, focusing on the patterns of women’s political practices; the institutional impact of the national and local cultures on the organizational cultures. It is based on action-research and mixed-method format. Eight municipal councils in small and medium size Jewish, Arab and Jewish-Arab towns in the Northern district participate in the study. Initial findings suggest that women's meaningful involvement in the municipal strategic decision-making is partial. There is a significant gap between the declared strive for gender equality and inclusion and women's actual influence in decision-making. This gap looms particularly large in the Arab towns. The mechanisms of exclusion and potential avenues of counteracting them are discussed.
Is youth unemployment in EU countries structural?
Authors: Podmenik Darka , Gorišek Maruša 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper’s main aim is to observe and confirm youth unemployment as a structural phenomenon in certain EU countries, including Slovenia. An innovative contribution is that it complements the prevailing economistic discourse with a sociological one. In the introduction, a brief history and overview of youth unemployment is presented. Slovenia is only briefly mentioned as having one of the relatively longest-lasting youth unemployment rates in the EU. In sections 2 and 3, approaches from economics and sociology are relied on while discussing three ‘types’ of EU countries with regard to different structural unemployment rates. From a sociological view, the longterm nature of youth unemployment is described, together with its impact on the social structure and (possible) socially destructive and economically destabilizing consequences. In section 4, analysis of “every-day life” indicators, namely, young people’s perceptions of work and life, reveals some surprising facts that depart from previous findings. In short: young people are more satisfied with their work and lives than older generations.
Characteristics Influencing Digital Technology Choice in Digitalization Projects of Energy Industry
Authors: Park Chankook , Kim Minkyu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Digitalization projects are actively underway in the energy industry, such as the power industry and oil and gas industry. However, there has been no in-depth and quantitative analysis of the relationships between the participants, industry, and technology of digital projects. Therefore, this study focused on which technologies are invested according to key characteristics such as the types of participants and industries driving digitalization projects. This study also examined whether there are differences in technology choices depending on the degree of clean energy exposure. Based on statistics from Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), a total of 711 projects were analysed using multinomial logistic regression (MNLR). As a result, the proportion of Analytics software was generally higher in the whole industry, and the energy industry was more likely to invest in Analytics software than in other industries. Comparing the power, oil and gas sectors, there was a high probability of investment in Internet of Things (IoT) in the power sector and Automation in the oil and gas sector. In the type of cooperation between energy companies and industrial companies, the probability of investing in Analytics software was significantly higher. In the case of cooperation between energy companies and information and communications technology (ICT) companies, in the oil and gas sector, Analytics software and Cloud/Data accounted for a large proportion. This study provides insight into the effect of characteristics of energy digitalization projects on the technology choice.