bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Community-level Intervention on Women’s Knowledge about Obstetric Fistula in Bench Sheko Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Zerihun , Tolessa Feyissa , Getachew Muluneh , Berhe Aster , Amenu Demisew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Obstetric fistula is one of the most severe pregnancy-related disabilities. While the condition has disappeared in developed countries, it remains a source of concern in Ethiopia and serves as a proxy indicator of the status of Ethiopian women and the availability and access to quality maternal health services. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-level intervention on women’s knowledge about obstetric fistula in Bench Sheko Zone, Ethiopia 2020.Methods: Quasi-experimental design with comparison groups post-test only was employed in Semen Bench as an intervention and Guraferda Woreda as a comparison group of Bench sheko Zone from April, 1-30,2020. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 284 women for intervention and 284 comparison group. Data were collected by using Kobo Collect v1.25.1. The descriptive and binary analysis was done to describe variables and select candidate variables for multivariable regression respectively. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of intervention by using Stata version 16.0. Result: The intervention group has a significant difference when compared with the counterpart (p<0.001) on women’s knowledge of obstetric fistula. Women who have good knowledge about obstetric fistula were 69.7% and 30.4% from the intervention and comparison group respectively (p<0.001). Knowledge about obstetric fistula was higher among respondent’s who can read & write (AOR=2.707:95% CI (1.433-5.686)), primary level of education (AOR=2.073:95%CI (1.266-3.395)), Secondary and above education (AOR=2.822:95%CI (1.338-5.952)) than women who have no formal education. Similarly, heard about obstetric complications (AOR=4.478:95% CI (2.635-7.610)), history of induced abortion (AOR=2.347:95% CI (1.203-4.576)), intervention woreda (AOR=2.707:95%CI (1.771-4.138)) attending pregnant women conference (AOR=0.06:95% CI(0.02-0.19)), age at first pregnancy greater than 20 years (AOR=1.72 95% CI (1.10-2.68)) were the factors associated with knowledge of obstetric fistula.Conclusion: Measurable differences between intervention and comparison woreda in terms of women's knowledge of obstetric fistula was observed. Therefore, Community based intervention can increase women's knowledge and encourage the use of essential obstetric services.
Cooperation between Cancer Cells and Regulatory T Cells to Promote Immune-escape through Integrin αvβ8-Mediated TGF-β Activation
Authors: Laine Alexandra , Labiad Ossama , Hernandez-Vargas Hector , This Sebastien , Sanlaville Amélien , Leon Sophie , Dalle Stéphane , Sheppard Dean , Travis Mark , Paidassi Helena , Marie Julien 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Among the strategies allowing cancer cells to escape the immune system, the presence of TGF-b in the tumor micro-environment is one of the most potent. However, TGF-b is secreted in an inactive form and mechanisms responsible for its activation within the tumor remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that regulatory T cells (Tregs) compose the main cells expressing the b8 chain of avb8 integrin (Itgb8) in the tumors and that the Itgb8pos Treg population activates TGF-b produced by the cancer cells and stored in the tumor micro-environment. Itgb8 ablation in Tregs impaired TGF-b signaling in T lymphocytes present in the tumor but not in the tumor draining lymph nodes. The cytotoxic function of CD8pos T lymphocytes infiltrating the tumors was subsequently exacerbated leading to an efficient control of the tumor growth. Similar observations were made in patient tumors after anti-Itgb8 antibody treatment. Thus, this study reveals that Tregs work in concert with cancer cells to produce bioactive-TGF-b and create a powerful-immunosuppressive micro-environment.
Hemodynamic response, coughing and the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage on awakening with an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway in place after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hurtado Paola , Tercero Javier , Garcia-Orellana Marta , Enseñat Joaquim , Reyes Luis , Cabedo Gemma , Rios Jose , Carrero Enrique , Riva Nicolas , Fontanals Jaume , Gracia Isabel , Belda Isabel , Lopez Anna , Fabregas Neus , Valero Ricard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background:
We aimed to compare systemic and cerebral hemodynamic variables and cough incidence during emergence from general anesthesia after pituitary surgery in patients after extubation of an endotracheal tube (ETT) or after replacing the ETT with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA).
Methods:
Patients undergoing pituitary surgery were randomized (open-label parallel trial) to awaken with the ETT in place or after it had been replaced with a LMA before extubation. We recorded mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity, regional cerebral oxygen saturation (SrO2), cardiac index, norepinephrine plasma concentrations, need for vasoactive drugs, coughing during emergence, and incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.
Results:
Forty-five patients were included. MAP was lower during emergence than at baseline in both groups. More patients required antihypertensive drugs in the ETT group (34.8% vs 14.3%; P = 0.17). MCA flow velocity was higher in the ETT group (e.g., mean [95% confidence interval] at 15 min, 103.2 [96.3–110.1] vs 89.6 [82.6–96.5] cm s− 1; P = 0.003). SrO2, cardiac index, and norepinephrine plasma levels were similar. Coughing was more frequent in the ETT group (15% vs 81%; P < 0.001). CSF leakage occurred in 3 patients (13%) in the ETT group only.
Conclusions:
Placing a LMA before removing an ETT during emergence from anesthesia after pituitary surgery favors a safer cerebral hemodynamic profile and reduced coughing. This strategy may also lower the risk for CSF leakage.
Trial registration number:
NCT02988804 (clinicaltrials.org) (09/12/2016).
CARMO - Implementation of a Prospective Cardiac Monitoring Program for the Early Detection of Cardiac Dysfunction in Oncological Phase I/II Trials
Authors: Glutsch Valerie , Sayheli Cyrus , Liu Dan , Christa Martin , Morbach Caroline , Schilling Bastian , Jahns Roland , Bargou Ralf , Goebeler Maria-E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeCardiotoxic adverse events (AE) are challenging in the field of oncologic therapy. Age-related prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cancer itself may contribute to an increased risk of cardiac morbidity. Cardiac dysfunction impacts cardiac morbidity, survival and quality of life in cancer patients. This study established a cardio-oncological monitoring for the early detection of cardiovascular complications during experimental anti-tumour therapy. MethodsNinety patients referred to experimental anti-tumour therapy underwent prospective monitoring including repeat-electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography with speckle tracking imaging (STI), and determination of cardiac biomarkers. Changes in cardiac function were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE Version 4.03). ResultsConventional ECG, high-sensitive troponin T, echocardiography including STI-analysis, and 24-hour Holter ECG were identified as relevant diagnostic tools. Early signs of cardiotoxicity appeared within the first 3 months after initiating anti-tumour therapy. Most frequent AEs were mitral valve disease (22%), diastolic dysfunction (15.7%), sinus tachycardia (13.8%), and increased hs-TnT (13.8%). ConclusionProspective cardiac monitoring allowed early detection of cardiac dysfunction during experimental anti-tumour therapy. A multi­disciplinary work-up and decision-making during cancer treatment is warranted to foster a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of cardiac AEs and particularly to early detect and counteract cardiotoxicity.
WITHDRAWN: Impacts of Bank Competition, Financial Stability, and Gender Gap on Access to Finance: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Rakshit Bijoy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using a dataset of 12504 firms from World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), this paper investigates the role of bank competition, financial stability and gender gap in access to finance in Sub-Saharan Africa. We empirically test the existence of market power hypothesis according to which pro-competitive policies alleviate credit constraints from the banking industry. Results obtained through probit model and probit model of sample selection (PSS) confirm that a higher degree of market power negatively affected firm financing in the region. Findings further reveal that the lower rate of female ownership partnerships creates difficulties in obtaining formal finance for female entrepreneurs. Financial stability does not affect access to finance in SSA as indicated by the estimation results. We discuss several policy implications for the region.JEL Classification: D22 . G20 . L11
Translation of Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form 34 (SCNS-SF34) into Nepali Language with Cultural Validation
Authors: Dhakal Kamala , Wang Panpan , Mboineki Joanes Faustine , Getu Mikiyas Amare , Chen Changying , Boyes Allison , Sharma Chandrakala , Ghimire Bijesh Raj , Adhikari Abish , Adhikari Bibhav 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeSupportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS) is one of the strongest and complete tools to assess the perceived supportive care needs of cancer patients. SCNS –SF34 has been translated into various other culture based languages, validated and established its psychometric properties. Till now no Nepali version, so we planned to assess the linguistic and cultural validity of Nepali version of the SCNS-SF34 in Nepali population.MethodsTranslation of Supportive Care Need Survey – Short Form 34 (SCNS-SF 34) was done by following Beaton’s guidelines in collaboration with a research team. Cultural adaptation was established through content validity assessment, clarity assessment of questionnaire and pretest. Content validity in terms of semantic, cultural and conceptual was assessed by 10 experts by using Likert scale and clarity of questionnaire was assessed among 15 cervical cancer patients by using Likert scale. The pretest was done among 34 cervical cancer patients to assess the feasibility and practicality of the tool. For reliability of tool test –retest method was used among 50 cervical cancer patients. ResultsThe Nepali version SCNS-SF 34 maintained the content validity (Item Content validity index (I-CVI) >0.78 in semantic, cultural and conceptual aspects and S-CVI (Scale Content Validity Index) was found,89.00% (0.89) 91.88 % (0.91) 90.00%(0.90) in semantic, cultural and conceptual aspects respectively. Content validity ratio (CVR) - 0.9 to 1) and construct validity (0.902) with 91.29 % clarity of questionnaire. This version had good internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.89 to 0.91 with Composite Cronbach's Alpha 0.90. Correlation significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). More simple Nepali words were chosen as suggested by participants in items no 2,3,7, 9,10, 12, 18,19, 25, 27and 30 than the preliminary Nepali version along with the acceptance of all original items.ConclusionsThis finding shows that the SCNS-SF34 was translated and culturally adapted for use in Nepal with high practicality. This translated instrument can be used to assess the supportive care need and correlation between supportive care need and health related quality of life among cervical cancer patients.
The interaction&nbsp;of social capital, life stress index and gender&nbsp;on mental health education&nbsp;for&nbsp;internal migrants: based on the&nbsp;China Migrant Population Dynamics Survey&nbsp;in 2017
Authors: Yang Zhen , Jiang Chenghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The internal migrants(IMs) population faces lots of mental health risks, and the government is actively promoting mental health education for them. Studies have focused more on the impact of social capital on mental health, but ignored its impact on the accessibility to mental health services among IMs.Methods: Data from the China Migrant Dynamic Survey of 2017, involving 138939 IMs in 31 provinces were used to explore the interaction of social capital, life stress index(LSI) and gender on acceptance of mental health education(AMHE). Social capital was divided into cognitive (CSC) and structural social capital (SSC). Line charts, multi-level logistic regression, and other statistical methods were conducted to analyze the data. Results: Results suggest: (1) The SSC ranking with different LSI levels was "moderate (3.62 ± 1.736), mild (3.53 ± 1.755), severe (3.53 ± 1.755)", SSC was positively correlated with AMHE (OR=1.320, 95%CI 1.305 to 1.336), but the correlation would decrease with the increase of LSI (OR=0.969, 95%CI 0.953 to 0.985; OR=0.949, 95%CI 0.934 to 0.964); (2) Males’ SSC (3.67 ± 1.780) was significantly higher than that of females (3.36 ± 1.614), but its influence on AMHE of females was higher (OR=1.050, 95%CI 1.036 to 1.064); (3) The CSC ranking with different LSI levels was "mild (3.71 ± 2.096), moderate (3.71 ± 2.076), severe (3.42 ± 2.024)", there was no significant gender difference in CSC, and CSC was positively correlated with AMHE (OR=1.087, 95%CI 1.076 to 1.098), but gender and LSI had no significant moderating effect on it.Conclution: Gender and LSI are associated with CSC and SSC, but only the relationship between SSC and AMHE is moderated by them. SSC has both a main effect and buffering effect, while CSC only shows the main effect. In order to provide better mental health services, the government should pay more attention to stimulating the enthusiasm of the IMs for civic participation and social participation.
Analysis of a series for surgical management of insulinomas in central China
Authors: Qiao Shishi , Liu Hao , Hu Xin , Dong Minghao , Feng Liangjie , Zhang Guokun , Zhang Yingxuan , Gu Yufei , Zhao Yongfu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aims of this study were to summarize the characteristics of insulinoma in central China and to present our experience with surgical management in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. 617 patients were enrolled in this retrospective analysis, including 89 cases of insulinoma and 528 cases of other pancreatic tumors. All patients had been confirmed by histopathology reports and underwent surgical treatment. Medical data and operative notes were incorporated into the database. Among the 617 patients, 4 died during the perioperative period. In the insulinoma group, no deaths occurred. The average size of the insulinoma tumor was 1.4±0.8 cm. The ratio of open surgical procedure (57) to laparoscopic resection (32) was 1.8/1. The mean interoperation blood loss was significantly lower in the laparoscopic group (LA) (mean 35.2±17.4ml, range from 10 to 170ml) than that in the open surgical (OA) group (mean 64.7±38.6ml, range from 25 to 400ml). The mean postoperative hospital stay was also lower in the LA group (mean 8.1 ± 3.2days, range from 5 to 20 days) than that in the OA group (Mean 13.1±8.2days, range from 9 to 60 days). There was no significant difference for postoperative complications between the two groups (LA:37.5% vs OA:40.3% ). The rate of clinically significant postoperative-pancreatic-fistula (POPF) was 21.3 %, and there was only one case of C-degree-POPF. The average length of postoperative- gastrointestinal function recovery was 2.8 ± 0.9 days. And the average length of blood glucose fluctuation was 18±7.2 days. During the follow-up, 2 cases were found to be hypoglycemic again, and the rate of significant weight loss was 57.3% (51/89). Insulinoma was rare among patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Department. Their cases were benign, and their treatment was unproblematic. However, there was a small group of cases that could be associated with problematic clinical situations, and, therefore, treatment of patients with insulinoma should be conducted at specialist centers. Correct diagnostic and therapeutic management, involving close cooperation between multiple medical specialists, results in completely curing most patients.
Modeling magnetotelluric tippers on a sphere with particular emphasis on ocean induction effect and effect from oceanic sediments
Authors: Kruglyakov Mikhail , Kuvshinov Alexey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the past three decades, an immense amount of long-period magnetic field data (with periods of measurements from months to years) has been collected worldwide, either inland or at sea bottom. This makes it tempting to estimate from the data magnetotelluric (MT) vertical transfer functions -tippers - and further probe with them the three-dimensional distribution of electrical conductivity on a global or semi-global/continental scale. Such problem setup requires modeling MT responses in spherical geometry. It is known that MT impedances in spherical coordinates can be modeled using different polarizations of a uniform external magnetic field. As for tippers, one needs another type of excitation because the uniform external magnetic field of any polarization contains a non-zero radial component. In the paper, we elaborate a model of the source, which leads to valid tippers on a whole sphere. We also present an accurate and computationally efficient solver to calculate the electromagnetic field and responses in a spherical shell or a part thereof. The solver, based on nested integral equations, was used to calculate high-resolution tippers regionally and globally, taking into account realistic oceans and Earth’s conductivity. In particular, we investigate an effect in tippers from bathymetry and oceanic sediments, both at the Earth's surface and sea bottom sediments.
Development of hardware-software complex for adaptive sorting of solid domestic waste
Authors: Vladimir Kirilenko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This project presents an autonomous system that allows to classify various solid garbage as well as to control a manipulator-sorter of the waste. Sorting is performed on the basis of material, shape, or specific object class. The development was focused on the system adaptability and acceleration of training, which allows the system to adapt changes in incoming waste.
Redox control and measurement in low-temperature (&lt;450 °C) hydrothermal experiments
Authors: Fang Jing , Chou I-Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Redox control in hydrothermal experiments is routinely achieved through double-capsule and Shaw membrane techniques. These techniques control oxygen fugacity (fO2) by imposing a defined hydrogen fugacity (fH2) on a studied sample enclosed, together with H2O, in a hydrogen membrane capsule made of Pt or Ag-Pd alloys. However, due to the low permeability of these membranes to H2 at low temperatures (T), these techniques do not work efficiently below 450 °C. Here, we tested fused silica as a new hydrogen membrane and successfully applied it to monitor and control the redox states of studied samples at T down to 200 °C in hydrothermal experiments. Our results showed that 3, 8, 16, 36, 96, and 216 h are sufficient for a fused silica capillary capsule (FSCC) to reach osmotic equilibrium with the externally imposed 1 bar of H2 at 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, and 100 °C, respectively, and H2 pressures inside a FSCC was very close to the externally imposed values after osmotic equilibrium. By using FSCC as a hydrogen fugacity sensor, equilibrium H2 pressures for Ni-NiO-H2O and Co-CoO-H2O redox buffer assemblages at 250–400 °C and 1000 bar total pressure were measured. The equilibrated fO2 calculated are consistent with those derived from previous literature. Besides, FSCC can be used as a sample container, where fH2 and fO2 of enclosed samples can be continuously controlled. Furthermore, FSCC is an ideal container for sulfur-bearing samples, and its transparency allows spectroscopic analyses of the sample. Our work extended the low-T limit of previously well-developed redox control techniques and may open up a new research avenue in low-T hydrothermal experiments.
Exomorphism of jacobsite precipitates in bixbyite single crystals from the Thomas Range in Utah
Authors: Peter Johannes , Trapp Maximilian , Lauterbach Stefan , Gollé-Leidreiter Philipp , Kolb Ute , Kleebe Hans-Joachim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Naturally occurring single crystals of bixbyite, (Fe,Mn)2O3, from the Thomas Mountain Range in Utah, U.S.A., were studied via (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (S)TEM. With up to 5 cm edge length, these mineral specimens are the largest bixbyite crystals found worldwide. Their hexahedral shapes are often modified by {211} facets at the corners and small {211} truncations along their cube edges. Characteristic lamellar defects, running parallel to the {100} planes, can be observed via TEM imaging. The defects are, according to EDS analyses, attributed to the tetragonal manganese silicate braunite, Mn7[SiO12]. In the present study, electron nano-diffraction and atomic resolution (S)TEM were employed to verify the presence of braunite lamellae and to investigate their orientation relationship with bixbyite. The analysis confirmed an epitaxial intergrowth of both phases, with their main-axes being parallel and the unique c-axis of braunite always aligned perpendicularly to the lamellar plane. Moreover, small rectangular-shaped precipitates, which had been, due to their almost identical chemical composition, previously interpreted as small bixbyite inclusions within the host crystal, were often observed in contact with the braunite lamellae. Electron nano-diffraction and atomic resolution (S)TEM imaging revealed these crystallites not to be bixbyite but jacobsite, a cubic iron-manganese spinel with the stoichiometric formula MnFe2O4, whose occurrence in this unique context had not been reported before. Moreover, due to the higher temperatures needed for spinel crystallization, the occurrence of jacobsite may serve as a geo-thermometer. (S)TEM in conjunction with automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM)-TEM showed that no orientation relationship exists between the jacobsite inclusions and the bixbyite/braunite matrix. Nevertheless, their characteristic rectangular shape is typically aligned concordantly with the (001) plane of the braunite lamellae. The resulting crystal shape of jacobsite is determined by the presence of the braunite lamellae, while the respective crystallites maintain their freedom of rotation. To the authors’ knowledge, this is a novel observation of exomorphosis of jacobsite, i.e., the change in the habit of the spinel crystallites due to external conditions. Note that the term “exomorphosis” is used here in the mineralogical sense in contrast to the often-used petrological aspect. Based on the TEM results, the formation of the jacobsite precipitates is discussed and a growth model suggested.