bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Intervention Through Photo-Integrated Conversation Moderated by Robots (PICMOR) Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Otake-Matsuura Mihoko , Tokunaga Seiki , Watanabe Kumi , Abe Masato S. , Sekiguchi Takuya , Sugimoto Hikaru , Kishimoto Taishiro , Kudo Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Social interaction might prevent or delay dementia, but little is known about the specific effects of various social activity interventions on cognition. This study conducted a single-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Photo-Integrated Conversation Moderated by Robots (PICMOR), a group conversation intervention program for resilience against cognitive decline and dementia. In the RCT, PICMOR was compared to an unstructured group conversation condition. Sixty-five community-living older adults participated in this study. The intervention was provided once a week for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the cognitive functions; process outcome measures included the linguistic characteristics of speech to estimate interaction quality. Baseline and post-intervention data were collected. PICMOR contains two key features: 1) photos taken by the participants are displayed and discussed sequentially; and 2) a robotic moderator manages turn-taking to make sure that participants are allocated the same amount of time. Among the primary outcome measures, one of the subcategories of cognitive functions, verbal fluency significantly improved in the intervention group. Among the process outcome measures, a part of the subcategories of linguistic characteristics of speech, the amount of speech and richness of words, proportion of providing topics, questions, and answers in total utterances were larger for the intervention group. This study demonstrated for the first time the positive effects of a robotic social activity intervention on cognitive function in healthy older adults via RCT. The group conversation generated by PICMOR may improve participants’ verbal fluency since participants have more opportunity to provide their own topics, asking and answering questions which results in exploring larger vocabularies. PICMOR is available and accessible to community-living older adults.Clinical Trial Registration:UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, identifier UMIN000036667.
Optimalisasi Penentuan Kriteria Penerima Bantuan Program Indonesia Pintar dengan Metode TOPSIS
Authors: Ayudia Dina , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi , Sumijan S 
Published: April 2021

Pembagian beasiswa dilakukan untuk membantu penentuan dalam merekomendasikan seseorang yang layak menerima beasiswa maka dibutuhkan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dikarenakan sistem pemilihan calon penerima beasiswa masih manual, dan banyak sekali kelemahannya. Banyaknya pendaftar peserta beasiswa membuat sekolah mengalami kesulitan dalam menangani pengolahan data yang manual sehingga diperlukan perangkat lunak untuk mempermudah pengolahan data tersebut. Oleh karena itu tidak semua siswa yang mengajukan permohonan untuk menerima beasiswa dapat dikabulkan, karena jumlah siswa yang mengajukan permohonan sangat banyak, maka sangat dibutukan sekali untuk dibangun suatu SPK dengan metode Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) yang dapat membantu memberikan rekomendasi bagi penerima beasiswa. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap SPK dengan metode TOPSIS ini dilakukan dengan cara kuesioner, observasi wawancara dan implementasi sistem. Dalam penilaian penerimaan beasiswa dapat dijadikan dasar untuk mempermudah keputusan pada penerima beasiswa karena sistem akan mengolah data dan memberikan informasi dengan cepat, tepat dan konsisten kepada kepala sekolah terhadap siswa untuk menerima beasiswa terbaik yang akan diberikan. Dapat membentuk suatu keputusan yang tepat, efektif dan efisien dalam pengelolaan data penerima besiswa yang benar-benar berhak menerima beasiswa. Metode TOPSIS dapat digunakan untuk menentukan penerima beasiswa, SPK dalam penilaian penerimaan beasiswa dapat mempermudah keputusan pada siswa kelas 7 SMP Negeri 17 Padang secara proporsional dengan berdasarkan hasil proses data siswa meliputi kartu keluarga, pekerjaan orang tua, penghasilan orang tua, jumlah tanggungan orang tua dan usia orang tua dengan tepat dan akurat karena sistem dapat meminimalisir kesalahan dalam proses perhitungan normalisasi data.
SEMANTICS AND FUNCTIONING OF DISCOURSE MARKER SORA IN KARACHAY-BALKAR LANGUAGE
Authors: Кошева Астра Шагабановна 
Published: April 2021

Предлагаемая работа выполняется в рамках текущего исследовательского проекта, направленного на описание феномена эвиденциальности в карачаево-балкарском языке. Актуальность обусловлена отсутствием исследований дискурсивных маркеров как одного из распространенных средств выражения категории эвиденциальности в карачаево-балкарском языке. Цель исследования - определение семантики и функционального потенциала отдельно взятого дискурсивного маркера карачаево-балкарского языка. Объектом выступает многофункциональный дискурсив сора. Задачи исследования - выявить особенности семантики и синтаксического употребления данного дискурсивного маркера и описать его функции в предложении и тексте. Материалом послужил корпус примеров, содержащих языковые единицы исследуемого феномена, отобранные методом сплошной выборки. Установлено, что функциональный потенциал значений маркера сора гораздо шире его словарных дефиниций. Являясь транскатегориальной единицей языка, дискурсив сора демонстрирует следующие функциональные возможности: актуализация высказывания; выражение коммуникативных намерений говорящего; регулирование интеракции между коммуникантами; способность изменять первичные значения и функции в дискурсе; обеспечение когерентности дискурса в целом и демонстрация различных смысловых отношений, возникающих между компонентами текста. Анализ языкового материала также свидетельствует, что исследуемая лексема является средством выражения предположительной инференциальной семантики, основанной на логическом умозаключении.
The proposed work is performed as a part of an on-going research project aimed at description of evidentiality in Karachay-Balkhar language. The paper represents the study of semantics and functional variability of the most widely used discourse marker SORA. The functional properties of this marker are mentioned in dictionaries, grammars and number of specific studies, but they were not subjected to special analysis. The paper aims at bridging this gap. We identify that discourse marker sora is highly polyfunctional. Being a discourse marker with an expressive, conative or discourse structuring function sora presents a more increased pragmatic scope than those with a textual function operating at a more profound level of the discourse. The experimentally obtained data prove that sora is capable to perform a variety of communicative and pragmatic functions: reflecting the process of interaction between the author and the reader, conveying the author’s attitude to what has been said, expressing inferential meaning, based on logical reasoning and ensuring the text coherence. The results have shown that the topic is characterized by rich empirical detail and intriguing theoretical issues. The summarization of these issues can serve as a start for further reading and exploration. The study also contributes to the general theory of evidentiality.
ATTITUDE OF THE UNEMPLOYED TO STATE SUPPORT MEASURES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PANDEMIC (SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FORUMS ON THE INTERNET)
Authors: Алдашева А. А. , Китова Д. А. , Рунец О. В. 
Published: April 2021

В статье показано, что в условиях пандемии COVID-19 и связанной с ней социальной изоляции поиск работы оказался затруднительным, экономическая и социальная неопределенность, связанная с пандемией, привела к снижению емкости рынка труда, и как следствие росту субъективного неблагополучия личности. Проведенный эмпирический анализ сложившейся ситуации позволил авторам сделать общий вывод о том, что потребность в государственной поддержке в условиях пандемии коронавируса обусловлена объективными, независящими от человека обстоятельствами, характеризуется чрезвычайной эмоциональной насыщенностью, узкой направленностью на получение внешней помощи и выраженной психологической напряженностью. Последствия пандемии серьезно повлияли на структуру трудовой занятости, в связи с чем в работе предлагается обратить внимание на то, что важным направлением деятельности в сфере профессиональной подготовки, переподготовки и повышения квалификации становится психологическая подготовка специалистов к профессиональному поведению в условиях социальных, техногенных и природных рисков. В перспективе предлагается обратиться к анализу структурных и содержательных характеристик эмоциональных переживаний безработных, проявившихся в условиях распространения пандемии.
The article shows that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated social isolation, finding a job turned out to be difficult, the economic and social uncertainty associated with the pandemic led to a decrease in the capacity of the labor market, and, as a result, to an increase in the subjective disadvantage of the individual. The empirical analysis of the current situation allowed the authors to draw a general conclusion that the need for state support in the context of the coronavirus pandemic is due to objective circumstances beyond the control of a person, characterized by extreme emotional saturation, a narrow focus on receiving external assistance and pronounced psychological tension. The consequences of the pandemic had a serious impact on the structure of employment, in connection with which the paper proposes to draw attention to the fact that psychological preparation of specialists for professional behavior in conditions of social, technological and natural risks is becoming an important area of activity in the field of vocational training, retraining and advanced training. In the future, it is proposed to turn to the analysis of the structural and content characteristics of the emotional experiences of the unemployed, manifested in the context of the spread of the pandemic.
Interplay between NOD1 and TLR4 Receptors in Macrophages: Nonsynergistic Activation of Signaling Pathways Results in Synergistic Induction of Proinflammatory Gene Expression
Authors: Budikhina Anna S. , Murugina Nina E. , Maximchik Polina V. , Dagil Yulia A. , Nikolaeva Anna M. , Balyasova Lyudmila S. , Murugin Vladimir V. , Selezneva Elizaveta M. , Pashchenkova Yulia G. , Chkadua Georgy Z. , Pinegin Boris V. , Pashenkov Mikhail V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Interactions between pattern-recognition receptors shape innate immune responses to pathogens. NOD1 and TLR4 are synergistically interacting receptors playing a pivotal role in the recognition of Gram-negative bacteria. However, mechanisms of their cooperation are poorly understood. It is unclear whether synergy is produced at the level of signaling pathways downstream of NOD1 and TLR4 or at more distal levels such as gene transcription. We analyzed sequential stages of human macrophage activation by a combination of NOD1 and TLR4 agonists (N-acetyl-d-muramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid [M-triDAP] and LPS, respectively). We show that events preceding or not requiring activation of transcription, such as activation of signaling kinases, rapid boost of glycolysis, and most importantly, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, are regulated nonsynergistically. However, at the output of the nucleus, the combination of M-triDAP and LPS synergistically induces expression of a subset of M-triDAP– and LPS-inducible genes, particularly those encoding proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL12B, and IL23A). This synergistic response develops between 1 and 4 h of agonist treatment and requires continuous signaling through NOD1. The synergistically regulated genes have a lower basal expression and higher inducibility at 4 h than those regulated nonsynergistically. Both gene subsets include NF-κB–inducible genes. Therefore, activation of the NF-κB pathway does not explain synergistic gene induction, implying involvement of other transcription factors. Inhibition of IKKβ or p38 MAPK lowers agonist-induced TNF mRNA expression but does not abolish synergy. Thus, nonsynergistic activation of NOD1- and TLR4-dependent signaling pathways results in the synergistic induction of a proinflammatory transcriptional program.
Conditional Deletions of Hdc Confirm Roles of Histamine in Anaphylaxis and Circadian Activity but Not in Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Morin Françoise , Singh Noopur , Mdzomba Julius Baya , Dumas Aline , Patenaude Alexandre , Pernet Vincent , Vallières Luc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Histamine is best known for its role in allergies, but it could also be involved in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. However, studies using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most widely used animal model for multiple sclerosis, have reported conflicting observations and suggest the implication of a nonclassical source of histamine. In this study, we demonstrate that neutrophils are the main producers of histamine in the spinal cord of EAE mice. To assess the role of histamine by taking into account its different cellular sources, we used CRISPR–Cas9 to generate conditional knockout mice for the histamine-synthesizing enzyme histidine decarboxylase. We found that ubiquitous and cell-specific deletions do not affect the course of EAE. However, neutrophil-specific deletion attenuates hypothermia caused by IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, whereas neuron-specific deletion reduces circadian activity. In summary, this study refutes the role of histamine in EAE, unveils a role for neutrophil-derived histamine in IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, and establishes a new mouse model to re-explore the inflammatory and neurologic roles of histamine.
Clinical outcomes of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients receiving invasive vs. non-invasive ventilation
Authors: Jamil Zubia , Khalid Samreen , Abbasi Shahid Mumtaz , Waheed Yasir , Ahmed Jamal 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To evaluate the in-hospital outcome of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients admitted in High Dependency Unit (HDU) in relation to invasive vs. non-invasive mode of ventilation.

Methods:
In this study, the patients required either non-invasive [oxygen ≤10 L/min or >10 L/min through mask or nasal prongs, rebreather masks and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)] or invasive ventilation. For analysis of 30-day in hospital mortality in relation to use of different modes of oxygen, Kaplan Meier and log rank analyses were used. In the end, independent predictors of survival were determined by Cox regression analysis.

Results:
Invasive ventilation was required by 15.1% patients while 84.9% patients needed non-invasive ventilation. Patients with evidence of thromboembolism, high inflammatory markers and hypoxemia mainly required invasive ventilation. The 30-day in hospital mortality was 72.7% for the invasive group and 12.9% for the non-invasive group (1.8% oxygen <10 L/min, 0.9% oxygen >10 L/min, 3.6% rebreather mask and 4.5% BiPAP). The median time from hospital admission to outcome was 7 days for the invasive group and 18 days for the non-invasive group (P<0.05). Age, presence of co-morbidities, number of days requiring oxygen, rebreather, BiPAP and invasive ventilation were independent predictors of outcome.

Conclusions:
Invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with adverse outcomes possibly due to ventilator associated lung injury. Thus, protective non-invasive ventilation remains the necessary and safe treatment for severely hypoxic COVID-19 patients.
Argemone mexicana extract alleviates gastrointestinal disorders by stimulating muscarinic receptors and blocking voltage-gated L-type calcium channels
Authors: Iqbal Rabia , Hamid Irfan , Janbaz Khalid Hussain , Akhtar Muhammad Furqan , Saleem Ammara , Sharif Ali , Peerzada Sohaib , Akhtar Bushra , Sohail Kashif , Ali Sajid 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
To investigate the pharmacological potential of Argemone mexicana in treating constipation and emesis by using in vitro and in vivo models.

Methods:
The spasmogenic and spasmolytic effects were evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum fragments loaded in a tissue organ bath. The response was recorded with an isotonic transducer attached with Power Lab Data Acquisition System. The laxative and antiemetic activities were assessed in BALB-c mice and poultry chicks challenged with carbamylcholine and copper sulphate stimulated emesis, respectively.

Results:
The total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of the extract were (267.75 ± 5.77) mg GAE/g and (73.86 ± 6.01) mg QE/g, respectively. Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmogenic effect on isolated rabbit jejunum segments with an EC50 value of 0.016 mg/ mL, which was blocked by atropine (0.3 μM). Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmolytic effect in atropine treated jejunum fragments with an EC50 value of 2.185 mg/mL. Furthermore, Argemone mexicana extract relaxed potassium (80 mM)-induced contractions (EC50: 9.07 mg/mL), similar to a standard drug verapamil. The calcium channel blocker activity was confirmed by a rightward shift of concentration-response curve of calcium in the presence of Argemone mexicana extract (1-5 mg/mL) and verapamil (0.1-1 μM). In addition, the extract increased the distance travelled by a charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract and exhibited antiemetic effect on copper sulphate induced emesis in chicks.

Conclusions:

Argemone mexicana shows cholinergic agonist and calcium channel blocker activities, as well as antiemetic effect. It may be used as a potential agent for treating gastrointestinal disorders.
Comparison between the density of Langerhans’ cells in the prepuce of neonates and adult males
Authors: Mutale Felix , Kafumukache Elliot Bufuku , Trevor Kaile 
Published: April 2021

Langerhans cells (LCs) in epidermis function as sentinel antigen-presenting cells that can capture invading viruses like Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella-zoster virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This interaction between Langerhans cells and viruses is highly variable depending on the virus. Herpes Simplex induces apoptosis in LCs but HIV does not, instead it presents the HIV to T-cells in lymph nodes which in turn get infected. Langerhans cells in the prepuce are therefore, a portal of entry for HIV. Hence, world health organisation recommends male circumcision to reduce the densities of Langerhans cells. Fifteen fresh foreskins were obtained from adult males aged 18 years and above after circumcision, five had past history of ulcerative STI and five fresh foreskins were obtained from neonates. The specimens were fixed using 10% buffered formalin and transported to the histopathology laboratory where the tissues were grossed examined and embedded using paraffin wax. The formalin fixed paraffin blocks were then sectioned into 3-5um sections and then followed by immunohistochemistry staining. The primary monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD1a) targeting Langerhans cells were used and LCs counting was done. The mean Langerhans cells density in neonates was 36.6±5.273/mm2,while adults without past history of ulcerative STIs was 69.4±8.847/mm2 and those with history of ulcerative STIs was 88.4±7.273/mm2.Both age and past history of ulcerative STIs have an influence on the density of Langerhans cell on the prepuce. The neonates showed lower densities than adults. Adults with history of ulcerative STIs had higher densities than those without. Uncircumcised individuals with history of ulcerative STIs maybe more susceptible to acquisition and transmission of HIV through the prepuce than those without such history due to greater LCs densities.Key words: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Langerhans Cells (LC),Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI).
Morphometry of Occipital condyles: Implications for transcondylar approach to craniovertebral junction lesions
Authors: Cheruiyot Isaac , Mwachaka Phillip , Saidi Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Partial occipital condylectomies are commonly done in trans-condylar approach to craniovertebral junction lesions. Following such procedures, post-operative atlanto-occipital joint instability and hypoglossal nerve palsies have been reported and has been attributed to population-specific variations in the occipital condyle (OC) dimensions. Determination of these dimensions may aid in minimizing these complications. One hundred and four (104) OC from 52 skulls (27 males, 25 females) were obtained from the osteology department, National Museums of Kenya. Occipital condyle length (OCL), width (OCW), height (OCH), anterior (AID) and posterior (PID) intercondylar distances and the distance from posterior tip of OC to hypoglossal canal (HC) were obtained using a pair of digital Vernier calipers. The data obtained were entered into SPSS for analysis. The mean OCL, OCW and OCH were 20.59±2.05 mm, 12.23±1.28 mm and 8.65±1.08 mm respectively while AID and PID were 19.66±2.70 mm and 38.52±3.09 mm respectively. Moderate OC type was the most predominant (60.6%). Males and females had predominantly moderate and short OC type respectively (p=0.001). The HC was located 9.62±1.62 mm from the posterior tip of the OC. Males had significantly larger OCL (p<0.001), OCH (p=0.001), PID (p=0.002) and posterior tip of OC to HC distance (p=0.008). Our study population generally has smaller OC dimensions compared to other populations. Females had significantly smaller OCL, OCH, OC-HC distance and PID. Clinicians should therefore take this information into consideration during preoperative planning in craniovertebral junction surgeries among Kenyans and particularly in females.Key Words: Occipital condyles, Morphometry, Transcondylar approach
Reliability of vernier caliper measurements of the thoracic pedicle transverse diameter
Authors: Muteti E.N. , ElBadawi M.G.Y. 
Published: April 2021

The thoracic pedicle is generally cylindrical with various indentations on its surface that may introduce an error in measurements, thus making the measurements unreliable. One hundred and eighty thoracic pedicle diameter measurements were carried out in five cadaveric human thoracic spine specimens, using a Vernier caliper. Coefficient of variation (CV) was used to evaluate the variation in measurements within and between pedicles. Linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between the variation in measurements and the average diameter of the bone per cadaver. The largest standard deviations in the five specimens were found at T2, T3, T6 and T12 levels. The least standard deviations were found at T1, T7, T9, T10 and T11. Four specimens demonstrated a negative linear relationship between the coefficient of variation and the average transverse diameter of the pedicle. This relationship was significant (p<0.05) in two specimens. Vernier caliper measurements tend to be less reliable as the thoracic pedicle transverse diameter decreases. Caution is required when measuring the thoracic pedicle transverse diameter in the narrower mid-thoracic area of the spine with Vernier calipers.Keywords: reliability, thoracic pedicle morphometry