bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel Unsymmetric Strontium Complexes Containing Aminoalkoxides
Authors: Park Chanwoo , Choi Heenang , Hwang Jeong Min , Lee Ji Hun , Park Bo Keun , Ryu Ji Yeon , Hong Chang Seop , Chung Taek‐Mo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeteroleptic Sr complexes, [Sr(dmamp)(btsa)]2⋅DME (1), [Sr(dmamb)(btsa)]2⋅DME (2), [Sr(dmamp)(hfac)]3⋅DME (3), [Sr(dmamb)(hfac)]3⋅DME (4), [Sr(dmamp)(tmhd)]n (5), and Sr[(dmamb)(tmhd)]n (6) (dmampH=1‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐methylpropan‐2‐ol, dmambH=1‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐methylbutan‐2‐ol, DME=dimethoxyethane, hfacH=1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentadione, tmhdH=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dione, btsa=bis(trimethylsilyl)amide) were successfully prepared by two‐step substitution reactions using aminoalkoxy and β‐diketonate ligands. All complexes were characterized using various methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of crystals of 1 and 2 revealed dimeric structures with Sr metal centres connected by μ2‐O bonding of an alkoxy O atom, whereas 3 was a trimer consisting of two μ3‐O bridges and three μ2‐O bridges by the dmamp and hfac ligands, respectively.
Pyrrolizinone‐Fused BOPYINs: Characterization and Selective C‐O Bond Formation Mechanism
Authors: Hu Cong , Wen Liu , Chen Xi , Yan Jiaying , Zheng Kaibo , Liu Xiang , Zhang Nuonuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo novel pyrrolizinone‐fused BOPYINs (DAB−M and DAB−U) were prepared in one‐step through the oxidative and/or oxidative nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (ONSH) reaction. Selective methoxyl substitution of α‐unsubstituted BOPYIN was developed, in which C−O and C=O bonds were formed and demonstrated by the single crystal structure of DAB−M. The absorption and emission spectra of both compounds showed red shift and large Stokes Shift compared with starting material DAB. Based on the TD‐DFT calculation, the electron transfer direction is totally different from DAB due to the carbonyl group on pyrrolizinone unit. Besides, a reasonable mechanism has been proposed and evidenced by quantum calculation in which the relative free energy has been exhibited.
Assessment of health and welfare in a small sample of dogs owned by people who are homeless
Authors: Scanlon Louise , Hobson‐West Pru , Cobb Kate , McBride Anne , Stavisky Jenny 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPet ownership is common among homeless people, with dogs the most frequently reported pets. However, homeless people receive considerable criticism for keeping pets due to public perception of poor care provision.Materials and methodsA convenience, cross‐sectional sample of 19 homeless people, owning a total of 21 dogs were recruited, and their dogs’ health and wellbeing assessed using the PDSA Petwise MOT (P‐MOT).ResultsThe dogs compared favourably with conventionally owned pets in most areas, including exercise and companionship. Problems included being overweight/obese (although at lower prevalence than the general population). Some owners had difficulty in accessing veterinary care. Behavioural concerns were reported for 61.9% of the dogs, most commonly separation‐related distress.DiscussionBeing unable to safely leave their pets may impair owners’ access to services. Provision of accessible veterinary care, behavioural support and pet‐friendly services could improve the health of homeless owners and their pets.
Influence of agricultural managed aquifer recharge on nitrate transport: The role of soil texture and flooding frequency
Authors: Murphy Nicholas P. , Waterhouse Hannah , Dahlke Helen E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAgricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag‐MAR) is a concept in which farmland is flooded during the winter using excess surface water to recharge the underlying groundwater. In this study, we show how different recharge practices affect NO3− leaching and mineralization–denitrification processes in different soil systems. Two contrasting soil textures (sand and fine sandy loam) from the Central Valley, California, were repeatedly flooded with 15 cm of water at varying time intervals in field and soil column experiments. Nitrogen species (NO3–, NH4+, total N), total C, dissolved O2, and moisture content were measured throughout the experiments. Results show that when flooding occurs at longer intervals (every 1–2 wk), N mineralization increases, leading to an increase of mobile NO3− in the upper root zone and leaching of significant quantities of NO3− from both soil textures (137.3 ± 6.6% [sand] and 145.7 ± 5.8% [fine sandy loam] of initial residual soil NO3−) during subsequent flooding events. Laboratory mineralization incubations show that long flooding intervals promote mineralization and production of excess NO3− at rates of 0.11–3.93 mg N kg–1 wk–1 (sand) and 0.08–3.41 mg N kg–1 wk–1 (fine sandy loam). Decreasing the flooding frequency to 72 h reduces potential mineralization, decreasing the amount of NO3− leached during flooding events (31.7 ± 3.8% [sand] and 64.7 ± 10.4% [fine sandy loam] of initial residual soil NO3–). The results indicate that implementing recharge as repeated events over a long (multiple‐week) time horizon might increase the total amount of NO3− potentially available for leaching to groundwater.
Engraved in the Body: Ways of Reading Finnish People’s Memories of Mental Hospitals
Authors: Jäntti Saara , Heimonen Kirsi , Kuuva Sari , Maanmieli Karoliina , Rissanen Anu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFinnish psychiatric practice has been heavily based on institutionalization. Mental hospitals have thus been part of Finns’ lives in many ways. Our multidisciplinary research group has investigated how experiences in these institutions are remembered today by analysing writings by patients, relatives, personnel and their children, collected in 2014–2015 with the Finnish Literature Society. The memories cover phases of psychiatric care from the 1930s to the mid-2010s. This article presents multiple ways in which experiences that are often difficult verbalize can be interpreted, e.g. by drawing on perspectives from creative, artistic and cultural studies. Collecting and archiving the memories emphasizes their importance as part of national memory. Historical contextualization shows consistencies and inconsistencies in the treatment and organization of psychiatric care in Finland. The analysis of figurative language as a means of conveying traumatic experiences reveals narrative strategies employed to express abusive memories. Artistic research that includes somatic movement practice exemplifies possibilities of researching the memories through corporeality. The examination of the memories of the children of the staff in psychiatric hospitals provides new insights into historical psychiatric hospitals as emotional communities. The different ways of engaging—thematically, corporeally, conceptually, theoretically—with the texts complement each other, reveal the multilayeredness of the memories and help create a richer understanding of the social, cultural and economic significance of the hospitals. Attention to the body, affects and emotions can help generate both new practices, new research questions and new ways of engaging the public with the results of academic research.
Lorenzen’s Correspondence with Hasse, Krull, and Aubert, Together with Some Relevant Documents
Authors: Neuwirth Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose an edition of the reports on Paul Lorenzen’s Ph.D. thesis by Helmut Hasse and Carl Ludwig Siegel, of the known correspondence of Lorenzen with Hasse, Wolfgang Krull, and Karl Egil Aubert, and of a relevant letter from Krull to Heinrich Scholz. It provides evidence for the circumstances in which Lorenzen comes to his insights during the studied period of time.
Operation and Predicativity: Lorenzen’s Approach to Arithmetic
Authors: Heinzmann Gerhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article we give an overview, from a philosophical point of view, of Lorenzen’s construction of the natural and the real numbers. Particular emphasis is placed on Lorenzen’s classification in the tradition of predicative approaches that stretches from Poincaré to Feferman.
Regular Entailment Relations
Authors: Coquand Thierry , Lombardi Henri , Neuwirth Stefan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract Inspired by the work of Lorenzen on the theory of preordered groups in the forties and fifties, we define regular entailment relations and show a crucial theorem for this structure. We also describe equivariant systems of ideals à la Lorenzen and show that the remarkable regularisation process he invented yields a regular entailment relation. By providing constructive objects and arguments, we pursue Lorenzen’s aim of “bringing to light the basic, pure concepts in their simple and transparent clarity”.
Lorenzen’s Reshaping of Krull’s Fundamentalsatz for Integral Domains (1938–1953)
Authors: Neuwirth Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKrull’s Fundamentalsatz, the generalisation of the main theorem of elementary number theory to integral domains, is the starting point of Lorenzen’s career in mathematics. This article traces a conceptual history of Lorenzen’s successive reformulations of the Fundamentalsatz on the basis of excerpts of his articles. An edition of the extant correspondence of Lorenzen with Hasse, Krull, and Aubert provides a better understanding of the context of these investigations.
Introduction
Authors: Hilsen Anne Inga , Olsen Dorothy Sutherland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this book is to provide a better understanding of the value of older workers at work, and the importance of their contributions. Ageing populations have been studied in terms of the economic burden or the pressure on healthcare services and the rising numbers of seniors are generally viewed, more as a challenge, than an opportunity. However, in this book we are interested in viewing age as a potential benefit both for individuals and their workplaces.
Competence and Knowledge at Work
Authors: Hilsen Anne Inga , Olsen Dorothy Sutherland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe theme of this book is long career competence in the workplace and competence of course includes a range of skills, ability and knowledge, which makes it possible for the individual to function and contribute in the workplace. What is considered appropriate competence will vary in different organisations and be dependent on the work, profession or tasks an employee is expected to carry out. The close link between competence and work means that it is not enough to simply know something; one must know how to carry out a task. There are many theories of knowledge and how competence is developed and used; here we focus on how competence and work-related knowledge have been conceptualised and how they have been used in relation to older employees. We include organisational knowledge, situated knowledge, professional knowledge and expertise and discuss how these concepts might be useful in understanding late career competence and older employees.
Over 50s at Work: Findings from Case Studies
Authors: Hilsen Anne Inga , Olsen Dorothy Sutherland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this chapter we present the findings from individual and group interviews. We have tried to adhere as much as possible to their descriptions, examples and terms in the following. The data comes largely from interviews, and most of the data was collected using individual face-to-face interviews, group interviews and plenary discussions at larger more formal gatherings of employees. In these interviews and discussions participants were asked to reflect on their own competence and how they perceive the long career competence of older workers in their specific workplaces.
Hamiltonian truncation in Anti-de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Hogervorst Matthijs , Meineri Marco , Penedones João , Vaziri Kamran Salehi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Quantum Field Theories (QFTs) in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime are often strongly coupled when the radius of AdS is large, and few methods are available to study them. In this work, we develop a Hamiltonian truncation method to compute the energy spectrum of QFTs in two-dimensional AdS. The infinite volume of constant timeslices of AdS leads to divergences in the energy levels. We propose a simple prescription to obtain finite physical energies and test it with numerical diagonalization in several models: the free massive scalar field, ϕ4 theory, Lee-Yang and Ising field theory. Along the way, we discuss spontaneous symmetry breaking in AdS and derive a compact formula for perturbation theory in quantum mechanics at arbitrary order. Our results suggest that all conformal boundary conditions for a given theory are connected via bulk renormalization group flows in AdS.
Adding colour-realistic video images to audio playbacks increases stimulus engagement but does not enhance vocal learning in zebra finches
Authors: Varkevisser Judith M. , Simon Ralph , Mendoza Ezequiel , How Martin , van Hijlkema Idse , Jin Rozanda , Liang Qiaoyi , Scharff Constance , Halfwerk Wouter H. , Riebel Katharina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBird song and human speech are learned early in life and for both cases engagement with live social tutors generally leads to better learning outcomes than passive audio-only exposure. Real-world tutor–tutee relations are normally not uni- but multimodal and observations suggest that visual cues related to sound production might enhance vocal learning. We tested this hypothesis by pairing appropriate, colour-realistic, high frame-rate videos of a singing adult male zebra finch tutor with song playbacks and presenting these stimuli to juvenile zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Juveniles exposed to song playbacks combined with video presentation of a singing bird approached the stimulus more often and spent more time close to it than juveniles exposed to audio playback only or audio playback combined with pixelated and time-reversed videos. However, higher engagement with the realistic audio–visual stimuli was not predictive of better song learning. Thus, although multimodality increased stimulus engagement and biologically relevant video content was more salient than colour and movement equivalent videos, the higher engagement with the realistic audio–visual stimuli did not lead to enhanced vocal learning. Whether the lack of three-dimensionality of a video tutor and/or the lack of meaningful social interaction make them less suitable for facilitating song learning than audio–visual exposure to a live tutor remains to be tested.
Effects of Interobserver Variability on 2D and 3D CT- and MRI-Based Texture Feature Reproducibility of Cartilaginous Bone Tumors
Authors: Gitto Salvatore , Cuocolo Renato , Emili Ilaria , Tofanelli Laura , Chianca Vito , Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo , Imbriaco Massimo , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the influence of interobserver manual segmentation variability on the reproducibility of 2D and 3D unenhanced computed tomography (CT)- and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based texture analysis. Thirty patients with cartilaginous bone tumors (10 enchondromas, 10 atypical cartilaginous tumors, 10 chondrosarcomas) were retrospectively included. Three radiologists independently performed manual contour-focused segmentation on unenhanced CT and T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI by drawing both a 2D region of interest (ROI) on the slice showing the largest tumor area and a 3D ROI including the whole tumor volume. Additionally, a marginal erosion was applied to both 2D and 3D segmentations to evaluate the influence of segmentation margins. A total of 783 and 1132 features were extracted from original and filtered 2D and 3D images, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.75 defined feature stability. In 2D vs. 3D contour-focused segmentation, the rates of stable features were 74.71% vs. 86.57% (p < 0.001), 77.14% vs. 80.04% (p = 0.142), and 95.66% vs. 94.97% (p = 0.554) for CT and T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, respectively. Margin shrinkage did not improve 2D (p = 0.343) and performed worse than 3D (p < 0.001) contour-focused segmentation in terms of feature stability. In 2D vs. 3D contour-focused segmentation, matching stable features derived from CT and MRI were 65.8% vs. 68.7% (p = 0.191), and those derived from T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were 76.0% vs. 78.2% (p = 0.285). 2D and 3D radiomic features of cartilaginous bone tumors extracted from unenhanced CT and MRI are reproducible, although some degree of interobserver segmentation variability highlights the need for reliability analysis in future studies.
Is ageing becoming more active? Exploring cohort-wise changes in everyday time use among the older population in Sweden
Authors: Vilhelmson Bertil , Thulin Eva , Elldér Erik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe time older people spend on various daily activities is critical for their health and well-being. New generations of older adults are increasingly expected to participate in ‘active’ activities. We explore shifts in active time use among upcoming cohorts of older people in Sweden. Recognizing the diverging meanings associated with the active ageing concept, we develop a classification model comprising the spheres of work, social engagement, and active leisure. We observe differences in time use of the ‘older middle-aged’ (pre-retirement), ‘young old’, and ‘older old’ observed in 2000/2001 and 2010/2011. We draw on two cross sections of Swedish time-use survey data covering 120 activities related to people’s everyday lives. We measure between-cohort differences in mean time use and employ covariate analysis to control for the influence of group-wise changes in socio-demographics. Linear regression is used to explore social differentiation, e.g. the influence of gender. Comparisons between new and previous generations indicate substantial increases in overall active ageing activity: increases by 7 h per week among the older old and 3.5 h among the young old and older middle-aged. New generations spend more time on work, paid or unpaid, and leisure digital interaction; for some, this is counteracted by less free time spent on social engagement. The new generation of the older old group spends more time on outdoor activity and exercise. These time-use patterns are gendered and dependent on education, mainly due to changes in cohort composition.
An Effective Method of Modeling the Deformation Behavior of Polymer Sandwich Structures with Adhesive Joints
Authors: Takács László , Szabó Ferenc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolymer sandwich structures have high bending stiffness and strength and also low weight. Therefore, they are widely used in the transportation industry. In the conceptual design phase, it is essential to have a method to model the mechanical behavior of the sandwich and its adhesive joints accurately in full-vehicle scale to investigate different structure partitioning strategies. In this paper, a novel approach using finite element modeling is introduced. The sandwich panels are modeled with layered shells and the joint lines with general stiffness matrices. Stiffness parameters of the face-sheets and the core material are obtained via mechanical tests. Stiffness parameters of the joints are determined by using the method of Design of Experiments, where detailed sub-models of the joints serve as a reference. These models are validated with experimental tests of glass-fiber reinforced vinyl ester matrix composite sandwich structure with a foam core. By using two joint designs and three reference geometries, it is shown that the method is suitable to describe the deformation behavior in a full-vehicle scale with sufficient accuracy.
Long-circulating XTEN864-annexin A5 fusion protein for phosphatidylserine-related therapeutic applications
Authors: Haeckel Akvile , Ascher Lena , Beindorff Nicola , Prasad Sonal , Garczyńska Karolina , Guo Jing , Schellenberger Eyk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnnexin A5 (anxA5) is a marker for apoptosis, but has also therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and, due to apoptotic mimicry, against dangerous viruses, which is limited by the short blood circulation. An 864-amino-acid XTEN polypeptide was fused to anxA5. XTEN864-anxA5 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using XTEN as tag. XTEN864-anxA5 was coupled with DTPA and indium-111. After intravenous or subcutaneous injection of 111In-XTEN864-anxA5, mouse blood samples were collected for blood half-life determination and organ samples for biodistribution using a gamma counter. XTEN864-anxA5 was labeled with 6S-IDCC to confirm binding to apoptotic cells using flow cytometry. To demonstrate targeting of atherosclerotic plaques, XTEN864-anxA5 was labeled with MeCAT(Ho) and administered intravenously to atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice. MeCAT(Ho)-XTEN864-anxA5 was detected together with MeCAT(Tm)-MAC-2 macrophage antibodies by imaging mass cytometry (CyTOF) of aortic root sections. The ability of anxA5 to bind apoptotic cells was not affected by XTEN864. The blood half-life of XTEN864-anxA5 was 13 h in mice after IV injection, markedly longer than the 7-min half-life of anxA5. 96 h after injection, highest amounts of XTEN864-anxA5 were found in liver, spleen, and kidney. XTEN864-anxA5 was found to target the adventitia adjacent to atherosclerotic plaques. XTEN864-anxA5 is a long-circulating fusion protein that can be efficiently produced in E. coli and potentially circulates in humans for several days, making it a promising therapeutic drug.
Guided pattern mining for API misuse detection by change-based code analysis
Authors: Nielebock Sebastian , Heumüller Robert , Schott Kevin Michael , Ortmeier Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLack of experience, inadequate documentation, and sub-optimal API design frequently cause developers to make mistakes when re-using third-party implementations. Such API misuses can result in unintended behavior, performance losses, or software crashes. Therefore, current research aims to automatically detect such misuses by comparing the way a developer used an API to previously inferred patterns of the correct API usage. While research has made significant progress, these techniques have not yet been adopted in practice. In part, this is due to the lack of a process capable of seamlessly integrating with software development processes. Particularly, existing approaches do not consider how to collect relevant source code samples from which to infer patterns. In fact, an inadequate collection can cause API usage pattern miners to infer irrelevant patterns which leads to false alarms instead of finding true API misuses. In this paper, we target this problem (a) by providing a method that increases the likelihood of finding relevant and true-positive patterns concerning a given set of code changes and agnostic to a concrete static, intra-procedural mining technique and (b) by introducing a concept for just-in-time API misuse detection which analyzes changes at the time of commit. Particularly, we introduce different, lightweight code search and filtering strategies and evaluate them on two real-world API misuse datasets to determine their usefulness in finding relevant intra-procedural API usage patterns. Our main results are (1) commit-based search with subsequent filtering effectively decreases the amount of code to be analyzed, (2) in particular method-level filtering is superior to file-level filtering, (3) project-internal and project-external code search find solutions for different types of misuses and thus are complementary, (4) incorporating prior knowledge of the misused API into the search has a negligible effect.