bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and palaeoclimatic context of the evolution of insular woodiness in the Canary Islands
Authors: Hooft van Huysduynen Alexander , Janssens Steven , Merckx Vincent , Vos Rutger , Valente Luis , Zizka Alexander , Larter Maximilian , Karabayir Betül , Maaskant Daphne , Witmer Youri , Fernández‐Palacios José María , de Nascimento Lea , Jaén‐Molina Ruth , Caujapé Castells Juli , Marrero‐Rodríguez Águedo , del Arco Marcelino , Lens Frederic 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInsular woodiness (IW), referring to the evolutionary transition from herbaceousness toward woodiness on islands, has arisen more than 30 times on the Canary Islands (Atlantic Ocean). One of the IW hypotheses suggests that drought has been a major driver of wood formation, but we do not know in which palaeoclimatic conditions the insular woody lineages originated. Therefore, we provided an updated review on the presence of IW on the Canaries, reviewed the palaeoclimate, and estimated the timing of origin of woodiness of 24 insular woody lineages that represent a large majority of the insular woody species diversity on the Canaries. Our single, broad‐scale dating analysis shows that woodiness in 60%–65% of the insular woody lineages studied originated within the last 3.2 Myr, during which Mediterranean seasonality (yearly summer droughts) became established on the Canaries. Consequently, our results are consistent with palaeoclimatic aridification as a potential driver of woodiness in a considerable proportion of the insular woody Canary Island lineages. However, the observed pattern between insular woodiness and palaeodrought during the last couple of million years could potentially have emerged as a result of the typically young age of the native insular flora, characterized by a high turnover.
Phylogeographic structure of the dwarf snakehead (Channa gachua) around Gulf of Tonkin: Historical biogeography and pronounced effects of sea‐level changes
Authors: Wang Junjie , Li Chao , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Jujing , Jin Jinjin , Jiang Shuying , Yan Luobin , Lin Hung‐Du , Zhao Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeological events, landscape features, and climate fluctuations have shaped the distribution of genetic diversity and evolutionary history in freshwater fish, but little attention has been paid to that around the Gulf of Tonkin; therefore, we investigated the phylogeographic structure of the dwarf snakehead (Channa gachua) on Hainan Island and mainland China, as well as two populations in Vietnam. We attempted to elucidate the origins of freshwater fish in South Hainan by incorporating genetic data from DNA markers on both the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and the nuclear recombination‐activating gene 1 (RAG‐1). Mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis identified two major lineages (lineages A and B), which may represent separate species. Divergence data suggested that C. gachua populations diverged between 0.516 and 2.376 myr. The divergence of the two cryptic species is congruent with sea‐level rise, which subsequently isolated Hainan from the mainland. During the Pleistocene glaciations, the entire region of the Gulf of Tonkin and the Qiongzhou Strait became part of the coastal plain of the Asian continent, which might have resulted in the current distribution patterns and dispersal routes of C. gachua populations. The formation of three sublineages in lineage A indicated that the Gulf of Tonkin was a geographical barrier between Hainan Island and mainland China but not between Vietnam and Hainan Island. The results of this study may help to elucidate the origins of freshwater fish in South Hainan and the phylogeographic structure of C. gachua.
Nestedness theory suggests wetland fragments with large areas and macrophyte diversity benefit waterbirds
Authors: Wang Rongxing , Yang Xiaojun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany artificial wetland constructions are currently underway worldwide to compensate for the degradation of natural wetland systems. Researchers face the responsibility of proposing wetland management and species protection strategies to ensure that constructed wetlands positively impact waterbird diversity. Nestedness is a commonly occurring pattern for biotas in fragmented habitats with important implications for conservation; however, only a few studies have focused on seasonal waterbird communities in current artificial wetlands. In this study, we used the nestedness theory for analyzing the annual and seasonal community structures of waterbirds in artificial wetlands at Lake Dianchi (China) to suggest artificial wetland management and waterbird conservation strategies. We carried out three waterbird surveys per month for one year to observe the annual, spring, summer, autumn, and winter waterbird assemblages in 27 lakeside artificial wetland fragments. We used the NeD program to quantify nestedness patterns of waterbirds at the annual and seasonal levels. We also determined Spearman partial correlations to examine the associations of nestedness rank and habitat variables to explore the factors underlying nestedness patterns. We found that annual and all four seasonal waterbird compositions were nested, and selective extinction and habitat nestedness were the main factors governing nestedness. Further, selective colonization was the key driver of nestedness in autumn and winter waterbirds. We suggest that the area of wetland fragments should be as large as possible and that habitat heterogeneity should be maximized to fulfill the conservation needs of different seasonal waterbirds. Furthermore, we suggest that future studies should focus on the least area criterion and that vegetation management of artificial wetland construction should be based on the notion of sustainable development for humans and wildlife.
Ecological niche models of biotic interactions predict increasing pest risk to olive cultivars with changing climate
Authors: Ashraf Uzma , Chaudhry Muhammad Nawaz , Peterson A. Townsend 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSimple, single‐species approaches in distributional ecology leave open questions of possible roles of biotic interactions. We sought to understand impacts of climate change on current and future potential distributions of Olea europaea sensu lato (host) and Bactrocera oleae (parasite) in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA), taking into account potential interspecific interactions. We used ecological niche modeling approaches: For biotic interactions, an initial host model was incorporated into the calibration of the parasite model and an initial parasite model was incorporated into calibration of the host model, as host and parasite populations may respond to the presence of the other species. Absence of olive fruits could reduce the flight ability of the fly parasite, whereas presence of the parasite may make a site less suitable for the olives. The host model was improved by inclusion of the parasite information; the converse was not true for the parasite model. Our results anticipated a significant reduction in the potential distribution of Olea europeae in Africa and Europe under future climate scenarios; in contrast, future climates appear more broadly favorable for the parasite species, which poses new and increasing risks for olive cultivation in the Mediterranean region.
A case series analysis on the clinical experience of Impella 5.5® at a large tertiary care centre
Authors: Kennel Peter J. , Lumish Heidi , Kaku Yuji , Fried Justin , Kirtane Ajay J. , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Takayama Hiroo , Naka Yoshifumi , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir , Takeda Koji , Masoumi Amirali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to detail the early clinical experience with pVAD 5.5 at a large academic medical centre. Impella® 5.5 (Abiomed) is a temporary peripherally inserted left ventricular assist device (pVAD) used for the treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS). This system has several modifications aimed at improving deliverability and durability over the pVAD 5.0 system, but real‐world experience with this device remains limited.Methods and resultsWe collected clinical and outcome data on all patients supported with pVAD 5.5 at our centre between February and December 2020, including procedural and device‐related complications. Fourteen patients with pVAD 5.5 were included. Aetiology of CS was acute myocardial infarction (n = 6), decompensated heart failure (n = 6), suspected myocarditis (n = 1), and post‐cardiotomy CS (n = 1). Four patients received pVAD 5.5 after being on inotropes alone, two were escalated from intra‐aortic balloon pump, two were escalated from pVAD CP, and six patients were transitioned to pVAD 5.5 from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Median duration of pVAD 5.5 support was 12 (interquartile range 7, 25) days. Complications included axillary insertion site haematoma (n = 3), acute kidney injury (n = 3), severe thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and stroke (n = 1). No valve injury or limb complications occurred. Survival to device explant for recovery or transition to another therapy was 11/14 (79%) patients.ConclusionsIn this early experience of the pVAD 5.5, procedural and device‐related complications were observed but were manageable, and overall survival was high in this critically ill cohort, particularly when the device was used as a bridge to other therapies.
Outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in adult congenital heart disease patients with heart failure
Authors: Tsang Wendy , Silversides Candice K. , Rashid Mohammed , Roche S. Lucy , Alonso‐Gonzalez Rafael , Austin Peter C. , Lee Douglas S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsWhile heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD), few studies report contemporary outcomes after the first HF hospitalization. We examined outcomes of ACHD patients newly admitted for HF compared with ACHD patients without HF and the general HF population without ACHD.Methods and resultsUsing population databases from a single‐payer health system from 1994 to 2018, ACHD patients newly admitted for HF were matched 1:1 to ACHD patients without HF (n = 4030 matched pairs). Similarly, ACHD patients newly admitted for HF were matched 1:1 to HF patients without ACHD (n = 4336 matched pairs). Patients with ACHD and HF (median age 68 years, 45% women) experienced higher mortality in short‐term [30 day adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 4.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.06, 5.43, P < 0.001], near‐term (1 year HR 3.87, 95% CI 3.77, 4.92, P < 0.001), and long‐term (24 year HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13, 2.36, P = 0.008) follow‐up. Patients with ACHD and HF had fewer baseline cardiovascular comorbidities than non‐ACHD HF but demonstrated higher 30 day (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.41, 1.73, P < 0.001), 1 year (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.20, 1.40, P < 0.001), and 24 year (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.73, 3.38, P < 0.001) mortality. Those with ACHD and HF also exhibited higher cardiovascular readmission rates at 30 days with HRs 9.15 (95% CI; 8.00, 10.48, P < 0.001) vs. ACHD without HF, and 1.71 (95% CI; 1.54, 1.85, P < 0.001) vs. HF without ACHD, and the higher readmission risk extended to 10 year follow‐up.ConclusionsAdults with congenital heart disease patients with new HF have high risks of death and cardiovascular hospitalization, and preventative strategies to improve outcomes are urgently needed.
The best little kid in the world: Internalized sexual stigma and extrinsic contingencies of self‐worth, work values, and life aspirations among men and women
Authors: Blankenship Benjamin T. , Stewart Abigail J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccording to “the Best Little Boy in the World Hypothesis” many gay men exhibit a drive to excel in achievement‐related areas of life, as a way to avoid staking self‐worth on domains where others’ rejection could negatively affect them. Pachankis and Hatzenbuehler's (2013) research supported this hypothesis among men. We expand on this research and hypothesized that internalized sexual stigma would be associated with achievement‐related contingencies of self‐worth equally for men and women with sexual minority identities. In a mixed‐gender sample of 237 college students with sexual minority identities, this hypothesis was supported. In a second sample of 175 adult MTurk workers, this hypothesis was supported with additional forms of achievement‐related contingencies of self‐worth and extrinsic life aspirations and occupational values. Results supported the expectation that gender would not moderate these relationships, while expanding previous findings to show that internalized stigma was associated with achievement‐centered outcomes beyond contingencies of self‐worth.
Single step strategy for crafting tin/carbon soot composite as highly stable Li‐ion battery anode
Authors: Vashishth Surishi , Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Prabhakaran Vinod Chathakudath , Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTin‐based anode materials gained prominence in battery applications owing to their high theoretical capacity, less toxicity, and low cost. However, they suffer from huge capacity losses due to severe volumetric expansion up to 300%. Herein, Sn@C (20 wt% Sn) composite synthesized by single‐step combustion process showed good adherence of tin particles on graphite rich carbon which successfully minimizes pulverization with enhanced structural stability. The homogeneously dispersed tin nanoparticles exhibit a highly reversible capacity of 281 mA h g−1 at a current density of 300 mA g−1 with 98.6% capacity retention after 300 cycles.
A bile‐salt derived porous hierarchical MnO2 nanoflowers as electrodes for symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Dillip Gowra Raghupathy , Bharti Abhishek , Maitra Uday , Bhattacharyya Aninda J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe demonstrate here a porous hierarchical nanostructured MnO2 as electrodes for supercapacitors. The synthesis of MnO2 nanostructure uses a bile salt viz. sodium‐7‐deoxycholate, which acts as both a reducing and structure‐directing agent. The radially grown MnO2 nanoflowers self‐assemble to form hierarchical nanostructures. The MnO2 samples synthesized at higher reaction temperatures resulted in a higher surface area. Depending on the reaction temperature, the surface area of this unique morphology is as high as 222 m2/g. The MnO2 synthesized at elevated temperatures display a higher specific capacitance (=144.1 F/g @ 0.1 A/g) in comparison to both the room temperature synthesized MnO2 (122.7 F/g @ 0.1 A/g) and commercial MnO2 (25.3 F/g at 0.1 A/g). The differences in the electrochemical performance between various samples are due to varying impurities such as sodium and potassium ions present in the samples. Symmetric supercapacitor cells of proposed MnO2 exhibits higher specific capacitance of 63.6 F/g and higher specific energy of 7.9 Wh/kg at a current density of 1 A/g. The MnO2 nanostructures show outstanding cyclic stability with the excellent capacitance retention of about 97% of its initial value after 2000 cycles.
Higher relative humidity and more moderate temperatures increase the severity of rice false smut disease in the rice–crayfish coculture system
Authors: Jiehui Song , Yan Wang , Linrong Chen , Sijie Zhang , Chuan Ni , Di Zhu , You Liang , Junfei Luo , Zhi Dou , Hui Gao , Qigen Dai , Ke Xu , Zhongyang Huo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRice false smut, a devastating grain disease in rice, is a great challenge to global food security. Rice–crayfish coculture (RC) has been widely used in recent years because it increases farmers' income, stabilizes rice yield, and reduces the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Currently, rice false smut is becoming a threat to the stability of RC systems. A field experiment demonstrated that rice false smut in RC was much more serious than the disease in rice monoculture (RM) among most rice varieties in both 2019 and 2020. The fold change (RC vs. RM) range of the disease index of different rice varieties ranged from 1.23 to 19.35. Some varieties displayed resistance to rice false smut in RM, but were susceptible in RC, suggesting that the RC system that utilizes deep water irrigation is a better model than the RM to evaluate the resistance of rice varieties to false smut. Under the RC system, varieties YG 16, GBYJZ, and HD 5 displayed good natural resistance to rice false smut. A three‐way ANOVA with year, rice varieties, and culture types as factors showed that each factor had highly significant effects on the disease index. To identify the main factors causing differences between the RC and RM systems, we recorded the field microclimate around rice panicles. In comparison with RM, RC showed higher relative humidity (RH) and more moderate temperatures from the rice booting stage to early filling stage. Under simulated conditions of RC and RM, the germination rate of U. virens conidia under RC was significantly higher than that under RM. These findings indicate that higher RH and more moderate temperatures increase the severity of rice false smut disease in the RC system, and this provides unique insights into how to manage the threat of rice false smut.
Investigation of the chemical properties of Mentha pulegium essential oil and its application in Ocimum basilicum seed mucilage edible coating for extending the quality and shelf life of veal stored in refrigerator (4°C)
Authors: Tanavar Hadi , Barzegar Hassan , Alizadeh Behbahani Behrooz , Mehrnia Mohammad Amin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNowadays, the tendency toward the application of natural preservatives to extent the shelf life of food products has grown. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the effect of the basil seed mucilage (BSM)‐based edible coating containing different concentrations of Mentha pulegium essential oil (MPEO) on the shelf life of the veal stored at refrigerator temperature. Firstly, the chemical composition and functional groups of MPEO were detected through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then, the BSM‐based edible coatings containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% MPEO were prepared, and the veal samples were coated with them. The physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of the samples were investigated during the 9‐day storage period at 4°C. Twenty‐five compounds were detected in MPEO with limonene being the major one (28.44%). The results revealed that the lightness, hardness, and moisture content of the samples decreased during storage. The coating containing the essential oil could properly restrain the rise in pH, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid value (TBA). Based on microbial analyses, the shelf life of the coated sample without the essential oil and those containing 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of the essential oil were, respectively, extended up to 3, 6, 9, 9, and 9 days relative to the control. Moreover, the coating containing the essential oil produced no unfavorable effect on the sensory properties of the meat samples. In conclusion, the BSM‐based edible coating containing different concentrations of MPEO can be applied as a natural preservative to enhance the resistance of meat products against microbial spoilage and fat oxidation.
Taking population stratification into account by local permutations in rare‐variant association studies on small samples
Authors: Mullaert Jimmy , Bouaziz Matthieu , Seeleuthner Yoann , Bigio Benedetta , Casanova Jean‐Laurent , Alcaïs Alexandre , Abel Laurent , Cobat Aurélie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany methods for rare variant association studies require permutations to assess the significance of tests. Standard permutations assume that all individuals are exchangeable and do not take population stratification (PS), a known confounding factor in genetic studies, into account. We propose a novel strategy, LocPerm, in which individual phenotypes are permuted only with their closest ancestry‐based neighbors. We performed a simulation study, focusing on small samples, to evaluate and compare LocPerm with standard permutations and classical adjustment on first principal components. Under the null hypothesis, LocPerm was the only method providing an acceptable type I error, regardless of sample size and level of stratification. The power of LocPerm was similar to that of standard permutation in the absence of PS, and remained stable in different PS scenarios. We conclude that LocPerm is a method of choice for taking PS and/or small sample size into account in rare variant association studies.
Outcomes for the treatment of locoregional recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer: Systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Newton Ethan , Valenzuela Dianne , Foley Joshua , Thamboo Andrew , Prisman Eitan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDespite advances in the treatment of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma, locoregional recurrence (lrNPC) occurs at 10%–50% at 5 years. This review aims to evaluate salvage treatment for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer. A literature search for all original articles published on the treatment of lrNPC from January 1990 to January 2021 was conducted. Pooled analysis was performed using a random effects model and assessed statistical heterogeneity of the combined results with I2 index. Overall, 66 studies were included for analysis. A total of 5286 patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (39%), conformal radiotherapy (31%), open nasopharyngectomy (12%), endoscopic nasopharyngectomy (10%), stereotactic radiosurgery (4%), and brachytherapy (4%) were included. Surgical therapy has similar overall survival outcomes to re‐irradiation but with decreased treatment‐related morbidity and mortality. Both surgical and re‐irradiation for lrNPC have similar long‐term survival. Surgical approaches to lrNPC may offer similar survival while avoiding treatment‐associated morbidity and mortality.
Cyber4Dev‐Q: Calibrating cyber awareness in the developing country context
Authors: da Veiga Adéle , Loock Marianne , Renaud Karen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCitizens of the hyper‐connected world face tremendous challenges in managing their personal online risks; that is to preserve their cyber safety, cyber security and cyber privacy. Governments allocate significant resources to raising awareness about these three areas among their citizens to equip them to manage their online risks. To ensure maximum efficacy, these endeavors must be able to gauge existing levels of awareness to ensure that awareness‐creation drives target population‐level awareness gaps. A number of excellent and rigorously developed questionnaires exist for this purpose. However, these may not be as accurate in revealing awareness gaps and issues indevelopingcountries. Developing country citizens face a range of context‐specific challenges, distinct from those faced by developed country citizens. These are likely to impact their cyber awareness development and maintenance. A context‐sensitive cyber awareness measurement instrument designed for such a context has a better chance of revealing particular awareness aspects requiring attention. To meet this need, we developed and validated a cyber awareness questionnaire, the cyber awareness calibration instrument for developing countries (Cyber4Dev‐Q), for use in developing countries to measure the cyber awareness of their citizens in all three core cyber areas in a context‐sensitive fashion.