bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El derecho a un medioambiente sano en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Basaure Miranda Isaac Marcelo 
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo abordar las principales normas y jurisprudencia contenciosa y consultiva del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, relativas a la protección al derecho de un medioambiente sano, a la luz de la novedad que supone la Opinión Consultiva (OC-23/17), primera opinión emitida por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos sobre medioambiente, con el fin de identificar las obligaciones estatales que la legislación internacional le ha impuesto a los Estados americanos en la materia.
Recibido: 25.03.2021Aceptado: 18.06.2021
O Caráter Reflexivo do Cinema: a 7ª arte como modo de vida
Authors: PANET ROSE 
Published: July 2021

O texto abre uma reflexão sobre a importância da arte, dos artistas e principalmente do cinema para conseguir digerir e viver bem nos tempos atuais os quais estamos vivendo em pânico. A arte proporciona a quem faz e a quem recebe diferentes níveis de abstração que nos fazem ampliar a percepção de uma compreensão do mundo. Nada existe até eu fazer um filme sobre o assunto, ou assistir um que me leve à reflexão. Através de uma retrospectiva da relação com o cinema em minha vida, escrevo sobre as razões que me motivaram a flertar, a seguir este caminho e a pensar sobre a vida através de três filmes meus: Amniogênese; O homem que ri e Casa Vazia. The Reflective Character of Cinema: the 7th art as a way of lifeABSTRACTThe text opens a reflection on the importance of art, artists and especially cinema to be able to digest and live well in the current times we are living in panic. Art provides those who make and those who receive different levels of abstraction that make us broaden the perception of an understanding of the world. Nothing exists until I make a movie about it, or watch one that makes me think. Through a retrospective of the relationship with cinema in my life, I write about the reasons that motivated me to flirt, to follow this path and to think about life through three of my films: Amniogenesis; The Man Who Laughs and an Empty House.Keywords: Cinema. Reflection through art. Art.
Study the ICT-Based Tutorial Model for Upper-Class of Elementary School in the Perspective of Constructivist Approach
Authors: Chasanah Uswatun , Prastowo Andi 
Published: July 2021

This research aims to reveal the syntax, factors that take effect the application process of the ICT-based tutorial model, and the strengths of the tutorial model from a constructivist approach to online learning. The research method used in this research is the library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects were online learning articles and tutorial models. The data analysis technique was carried out by analyzing the contents of the document, namely precious research scientific articles and relevant theories. The results in this study point out that the tutorial model can be one of the solutions and means to be utilized during the online learning process SD/MI. the tutorial model was developed by combining the software in a coherent and tested manner. Variations of tutorial models are tailored to the needs and characteristics of students. The syntax of the ICT-based tutorial model includes an introduction, presentation of information, question and responses, judging of responses, providing about responses, remediation, sequencing lesson segment, and closing. The ability of teachers and students, as well as the existence of devices, laptops, and internet networks, are supporting factors. Meanwhile, the quality of the internet network connection speed is an inhibiting factor. The tutorial model can facilitate students to be more independent when learning, evaluate self-achievement, flexible, and learner-centred. However, the tutorial model can trigger boredom, frustration due to frequent remedies, depending on teacher directions, and limited free applications. The tutorial model is in tune with the perspective of a constructivist approach. The ICT-based tutorial model can help teachers carry out online learning according to process standards, provide meaningful experiences for students, effective, and efficient experiences for students.
DAMPAK NEGATIF JUAL BELI BARANG DI ATAS PENAWARAN ORANG LAIN
Authors: Hendrianto Hendrianto , Ridwan A Hasan 
Published: July 2021

The researcher conducted this research with the intention of explaining the prohibition of selling/buying on people who are in the process of bidding on goods, both in terms of fraternity and the negative impact (consequences) that arise when bidding occurs while other people are still khiyar. This research was conducted by means of a literature review (Library Research) which uses data collection techniques in the form of documentation. For data analysis, namely literature analysis. The results show that Islam recommends maintaining brotherhood, especially in bargaining for goods when buying and selling so as not to result in market distortion, loss of willingness, violating the value of tolerance, unfair competition, the emergence of hatred, conflict of needs, and a weak level of prudence.
KESEDIAAN MEMBAYAR (WILLINGNESS TO PAY) TERHADAP PRODUK COFFEE LATTE DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Jamal Sutan Mhd Amin , Prasetyo Edy , Budiharjo Kustopo 
Published: July 2021

The development of the coffeeshop grew rapidly in the last 10 years, with the change of adolescent lifestyle patterns in consuming coffee in the coffeeshop. Coffee Latte is one of the usual menu served by the coffeeshop at varying prices. This research aims to analyze the characteristics of consumers, analyzing the value of Willingness to Pay and analyzing the influence of consumer characteristics against the value of consumer Willingness to Pay on coffee latte products. The study was conducted on 15 January to 15 February 2020 located in the coffeeshop around the campus Undip Tembalang with the determination of the location purposive. The research method used is the survey method. Respondents were taken as much as 99 people using accidental sampling. Data collection using primary and secondary data. Analysis of the data used are descriptive analysis, quantitative analysis and the analysis of logistic regression. The results of the study gained that most consumers of coffee latte were men with a percentage of 58.6% and women with a percentage of 41.4%. Consumers who are willing to pay more than the current price are 94.9% of respondents and amounting to 5.05% of the respondents are not willing to increase by 5% to 25%. A significant factor affecting the willingness of pay is quality.
Keywords: Coffee Latte, Willingness to Pay, Consumers
FACTORS AFFECTING FARMER'S CLIMATE RISK PERCEPTION IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES : EVIDENCE FROM SWITZERLAND AND GHANA
Authors: Rokhani Rokhani , Asrofi Ahmad , Khasan Ahmad Fatikhul 
Published: July 2021

Climate change is the primary challenge of agricultural production in developing and developed countries. Farmers' perception of climate change is the critical driver in encouraging farmers to take autonomous adaptation practices. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors affecting farmers' perception of climate change in developing and developed countries and take Ghana and Switzerland as the study cases. The study used data from 378 cocoa farmers in Ghana and 109 farmers in Switzerland. The data was obtained from a structured interview and survey and contained socio-economic and farm characteristics of farmers. This study employed an ordered probit regression to estimate the factors affecting farmers' perception of climate change. The results show that landholding, farm income, and education significantly affect farmer perception of climate change. Landholding and farm income significantly affect farmer perception of climate change in Switzerland and Ghana. But, education only significantly affects the farmers' perception of climate change in Switzerland. Meanwhile, age and crops/livestock ownership does not significantly affect farmers' perception of climate change in Ghana and Switzerland. The results also show that Switzerland's farmers have a stronger perception of climate change than farmers in Ghana.
Keywords: climate risk perception, climate change perception, Ghana, Switzerland
The effectiveness of the combination of Moringa oleifera extract and propolis on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms compared to 0.7% tetracycline
Authors: Kurniawan Hansen , Widyastuti W. , Hutapea Mery Esterlita 
Published: July 2021

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that occurs in periodontal tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis is also known as a bacterium commonly associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Tetracycline is one of the antibiotics often used in periodontal tissue treatment. Propolis and Moringa oleifera are also known to have certain compounds assumed to be able to inhibit biofilm growth. Purpose: This study aims to understand the effectiveness of the combination of Moringa oleifera and propolis on porphyomonas gingivalis biofilms compared to 0.7% tetracycline. Methods: A biofilm inhibition activity test was performed using the broth micro dilution method. First, bacteria were prepared by making a suspension in brain heart infusion media and adjusting it to 0.5 McFarland I standard. Second, fifteen samples were divided into five groups; group K as control group (0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), T (0.7% tetracycline), and treatment groups with the combination of propolis and Moringa oleifera in various concentrations, such as P1(10%+20%), P2(10%+40%), and P3(10%+80%). Third, the result data obtained in the form of optical density (OD) was read by using an ELISA reader. Next, statistical analysis using analysis of the variance test was conducted (p<0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between group T and group P1 (0.075). Nevertheless, there were significant differences between group T and group P2 as well as between group T and group P3 (0.00) (p=< 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of 10% propolis and 40% Moringa oleifera as well as the combination of 10% propolis and 80% Moringa oleifera have better antibacterial effectiveness against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm than 0.7% tetracycline.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON SOLDIER PERFORMANCE WITH WORK DISCIPLINE AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE (CASE STUDY ON ESKORTA SHIP UNIT COMMAND FLEET II)
Authors: Andi Abdul Aziz  , Dedi Purwana  , I Ketut R. Sudiardhita  
Published: July 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of leadership style and work environment on soldiers who are mediated by work discipline. This study used a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 260 respondents who were KRI soldiers in the Fleet II Commando Eskorta Ship Unit. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Descriptive analysis is used to describe respondents' characteristics and research variables based on the questionnaire results. In contrast, quantitative analysis is carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) study with the AMOS and SPSS programs. Based on the results of SEM analysis, it is concluded that leadership style has no significant effect on work discipline. In contrast, the work environment has a positive impact on work discipline. The results further show that the work environment and work discipline have a positive effect on the performance of the soldiers. At the same time, the leadership style does not affect the performance of the soldiers. In further testing, the results of the mediation test using the Sobel test show that work discipline engagement can mediate the influence of leadership style and work environment on performance. This can indicate that an increase in leadership style and work environment can improve work discipline, which in turn will enhance the performance of soldiers. However, this research still needs to be developed by adding other variables and also expanding respondents or changing the object or place of study.
Keywords: Leadership Style, Work Environment, Work Discipline, Soldier Performance, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
THE INFLUENCE OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP AND TRAINING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE INDONESIAN NAVY HYDROGRAPHIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CENTER WITH SELF EFFICACY AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE
Authors: Indra Dermawan  
Published: July 2021

The leadership in the TNI environment is very typical according to the stylish nature of the command organization and is supported by the participation of its members; therefore, this study aims to find out how the influence of charismatic leadership and training on the performance of the Indonesian Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic Center (Pushidrosal) with Self Efficacy as intervening. This study was conducted on Pushidrosal personnel rank of officers, where the sample used was 217 respondents taken using the census method. Data obtained by questionnaire using a Likert scale to measure 45 indicators processed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Amos 22.0 application.
The results showed that: Charismatic leadership and training had no direct effect on self-efficacy, self-efficacy had no direct effect on performance. Charismatic leadership and training have a significant positive effect on performance both directly and indirectly. The results of the study also show that Self Efficacy has a positive mediating role for charismatic leadership and training on performance.
An Update on Multimodal Pain Management After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Karam Joseph A. , Schwenk Eric S. , Parvizi Javad 
Published: July 2021

➤ Multimodal analgesia has become the standard of care for total joint arthroplasty as it provides superior analgesia with fewer side effects than opioid-only protocols.➤ Systemic medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, corticosteroids, and gabapentinoids, and local anesthetics via local infiltration analgesia and peripheral nerve blocks, are the foundation of multimodal analgesia in total joint arthroplasty.➤ Ideally, multimodal analgesia should begin preoperatively and continue throughout the perioperative period and beyond discharge.➤ There is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of intravenous acetaminophen or liposomal bupivacaine as part of multimodal analgesia protocols.
Cerebral Malaria: Insight into Pathology from Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Tu Zhanhan , Gormley Jack , Sheth Viral , Seydel Karl B. , Taylor Terrie , Beare Nicholas , Barrera Valentina , Proudlock Frank A. , Manda Chatonda , Harding Simon , Gottlob Irene 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeWe aimed to investigate structural retinal changes in malarial retinopathy (MR) using hand-held optical coherence tomography (HH-OCT) to investigate its diagnostic potential.MethodsChildren with MR (n=43) underwent ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography and HH-OCT during admission, one month (n=31) and one year (n=8) post-discharge. Controls were comatose patients without malaria (n=6) and age/sex-matched healthy children (n=43). OCT changes and retinal layer thicknesses were compared.ResultsOn HH-OCT, hyper-reflective areas (HRAs) were seen in the inner retina of 81% of MR patients, corresponding to ischaemic retinal whiteningon fundus photography. Cotton wool spots were present in 37% and abnormal hyper-reflective dots, co-localized to capillary plexus, in 93%. Hyper-reflective vessel walls were present in 84%, and intra-retinal cysts in 9%. Vascular changes and cysts resolved within 48 hours. HRAs developed into retinal thinning at one month (p=0.027) whichwas more pronounced after one year (p=0.009).ConclusionsIschaemic retinal whitening is located within inner retinal layers, distinguishing it from cotton wool spots. Vascular hyper-reflectivity may represent the sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in vessels, a key CM feature. The mechanisms of post-ischemic retinal atrophy and cerebral atrophy with cognitive impairment may be similar in CM survivors. HH-OCT has potential for monitoring patients, treatment response and predicting neurological deficits.
Methodology for estimating biowaste generation using municipal rurality indexes
Authors: Baquero Maria , Cifrian Eva , Perez-Gandarillas Lucia , Payan Ana Andres 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The separate collection and management of biowaste (BW) must be implemented in next years in the European countries. In order to define a properly BW strategy, it is necessary to estimate the generation at a municipal level, since depending on the amount to be treated, the strategy may notably vary. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology to estimate the BW generation at municipal level, taking into account the characteristics of the region, the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management applied, and different socio-economic variables that define the level of rurality of a municipality. A model to estimate the BW generation for each type of municipality has been developed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. As input data has been used, on the one hand, results from a Waste Compositional Analysis used for estimating the BW fraction of the mixed waste collected; and on the other hand, data of socioeconomic variables that have demonstrated to influence the generation of waste. Significant influence of socioeconomic variables on the level of BW generated is observed for the rural municipalities.
Going Digital: Added Value of Electronic Data Collection In 2018 Afghanistan Health Survey
Authors: Mergenthaler Christina , Yadav Rajpal Singh , Safi Sohrab , Rood Ente , Alba Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Through a nationally representative household survey in Afghanistan, we conducted an operational study in two relatively secure provinces comparing effectiveness of computer-aided personal interviewing (CAPI) with paper-and-pencil interviewing (PAPI). Methods: In Panjshir and Parwan provinces, household survey data were collected using paper questionnaires in 15 clusters, and OpenDataKit (ODK) software on electronic tablets in 15 other clusters. Added value was evaluated from three perspectives: efficient implementation, data quality, and acceptability. Efficiency was measured through financial expenditures and time stamped data. Data quality was measured by examining completeness. Acceptability was studied through focus group discussions with survey staff.Results: Survey costs were 68% more expensive in CAPI clusters compared to PAPI clusters, due primarily to the upfront one-time investment for survey programming. Enumerators spent significantly less time administering surveys in CAPI cluster households (248 minutes survey time) compared to PAPI (289 minutes), for an average savings of 41 minutes per household (95% CI: 25 – 55). CAPI offered a savings of 87 days for data management over PAPI.Among 49 tracer variables (meaning responses were required from all respondents), small differences were observed between PAPI and CAPI. 2.2% of the cleaned dataset’s tracer data points were missing in CAPI surveys (1,216/ 56,073 data points), compared to 3.2% in PAPI surveys (1,953/ 60,675 data points). In pre-cleaned datasets, 3.9% of tracer data points were missing in CAPI surveys (2,151/ 55,092 data points) compared to 3.2% in PAPI surveys (1,924/ 60,113 data points). Enumerators from Panjsher and Parwan preferred CAPI over PAPI due to time savings, user-friendliness, improved data security, and less conspicuity when traveling; however approximately half of enumerators trained from all 34 provinces reported feeling unsafe due to Taliban presence. Community and household respondent skepticism could be resolved by enumerator reassurance. Enumerators shared that in the future, they prefer collecting data using CAPI when possible.Conclusions: CAPI offers clear gains in efficiency over PAPI for data collection and management time, although costs are relatively comparable even without the programming investment. However, serious field staff concerns around Taliban threats and general insecurity mean that CAPI should only be conducted in relatively secure areas.
Pathways To Pain And Disability: The Impact of Early Social Deprivation And Educational Attainment In Newly Diagnosed Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Kouraki Afroditi , Bast Tobias , Ferguson Eamonn , Valdes Ana 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Previous research established links between pain and cognitive function on one hand and pain and anxiety on the other, and there is some evidence linking osteoarthritis to lower educational attainment. However, the inter-play of these factors and the role of key social factors (social deprivation) at the early disease stages are not understood. Using data from waves 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (n = 1,240), we tested how social deprivation, education and anxiety, before diagnosis, affects the relationship between cognitive function, pain and independence (activities of daily living) in a subsample of respondents reporting a diagnosis of osteoarthritis at wave 6, with cross-lagged panel models. We show that social deprivation, before osteoarthritis diagnosis, predicts functional impairment in daily living after diagnosis, with this effect partly mediated by impaired cognitive function, and that education before diagnosis is protective against impairments in daily living after diagnosis via better cognitive function and lower anxiety at wave 5. Therefore, improving cognitive function and managing anxiety may mitigate the negative impact of social deprivation and low educational attainment on independent living and help to promote independence in patients with osteoarthritis.
Impact of Temperature on the Phase Transition TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: G Nagaraj 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Unadulterated TiO2 nanoparticles have been set up by a novel Photon Induced Method (PIM) without antecedent alteration. The pre-arranged example has been calcinated at 500°C, 700°C and 1000°C to consider the impact of calcinations temperature on the security, stage and morphology of TiO2. XRD investigation uncovers an intriguing aftereffect of increment with regards to stage dependability. This might be accounted to the oxygen extravagance of the example which has been affirmed through EDAX. XRD results likewise revel a stage change from anatase to rutile with expanding calcination temperature. The morphologic examination performed with HRSEM and HRTEM revel a change from nanoparticles to nanorods. The development of TiO2 is affirmed through the Ti-O vibrational tops in FTIR and the band hole of the examples have been inspected with UV-vis Spectrophotometer. The pre-arranged examples with such high stage steadiness might be applied for photocatalytic application.