bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft-tissue-mimicking using silicones for the manufacturing of soft phantoms by fresh 3D printing
Authors: Tejo-Otero Aitor , Colly Arthur , Courtial Edwin-Joffrey , Fenollosa-Artés Felip , Buj-Corral Irene , A. Marquette Christophe 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to use the Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) additive manufacturing (AM) technique for manufacturing a liver phantom which can mimic the corresponding soft living tissue. One of the possible applications is surgical planning.

Design/methodology/approach
A thermo-reversible Pluronic® F-127-based support bath is used for the FRESH technique. To verify how three-dimensional (3D)-printed new materials can mimic liver tissue, dynamic mechanical analysis and oscillation shear rheometry tests are carried out to identify mechanical characteristics of different 3D printed silicone samples. Additionally, the differential scanning calorimetry was done on the silicone samples. Then, a validation of a 3D printed silicone liver phantom is performed with a 3D scanner. Finally, the surface topography of the 3D printed liver phantom was fulfiled and microscopy analysis of its surface.

Findings
Silicone samples were able to mimic the liver, therefore obtaining the first soft phantom of the liver using the FRESH technique.

Practical implications
Because of the use of soft silicones, surgeons could practice over these improved phantoms which have an unprecedented degree of living tissue mimicking, enhancing their rehearsal experience before surgery.

Social implications
An improvement in surgeons surgery skills would lead to a bettering in the patient outcome.

Originality/value
The first research study was carried out to mimic soft tissue and apply it to the 3D printing of organ phantoms using AM FRESH technique.
The interaction between servant leadership and organizational culture: an NCAA Division III case study
Authors: Dahlin Sean , Schroeder Pete 
Published: August 2021

PurposeServant leadership is primarily focused on the empowerment and moral development of followers (Burtonet al., 2017). Within sports research, little is known about how servant leadership interacts with organizational culture in teams. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the servant leadership of one head baseball coach and examine the degree to which servant leadership affects the program's culture.Design/methodology/approachData were collected for this case study of an NCAA Division III head baseball coach throughout one academic year. Sources included 12 interviews (ranging from four minutes to 92 min), observation of practices and games, textual analysis of documents and websites, as well as the coach's reflection journal. Data were analyzed using a six-phase process of thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006).FindingsThe participant exhibited the following servant leadership behaviors: empowering, helping subordinates grow and succeed, behaving ethically, and conceptual skills (Lidenet al., 2015, 2008). In addition, the program maintained a culture featuring a few distinct artifacts, very clear espoused values, and three deeply held basic assumptions. The findings suggest that the head coach used servant leadership not to create or change culture but instead to amplify the existing culture of the baseball program.Originality/valueThere is strong evidence of a link between servant leadership and team culture, which is context-bound. At the Division III level, servant leadership behaviors can be used to embody a program's culture. Furthermore, through this embodiment, servant leaders can perpetuate an effective, functioning team culture, particularly within intercollegiate athletics.
Spatial structure and dispersal dynamics in a house sparrow metapopulation
Authors: Ranke Peter S. , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Ringsby Thor Harald , Pärn Henrik , Rønning Bernt , Jensen Henrik , Wright Jonathan , Sæther Bernt‐Erik 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effects of spatial structure on metapopulation dynamics depend upon the interaction between local population dynamics and dispersal, and how this relationship is affected by the geographical isolation and spatial heterogeneity in habitat characteristics.Our aim is to examine how emigration and immigration of house sparrowsPasser domesticusin a Norwegian archipelagic metapopulation are affected by key factors predicted by classic metapopulation models to affect dispersal—spatial and temporal variation in population size, inter‐island distance, local demography and habitat characteristics.This metapopulation can be divided into two major habitat types: (a) islands closer to the mainland where sparrows breed in colonies on farms, and (b) islands without farms, situated farther away from the mainland where sparrows are exposed to harsher environmental conditions.Dispersal was spatially structured within the metapopulation; there was proportionally and numerically less emigration and immigration involving farm islands, as compared to non‐farm islands. Furthermore, emigration and immigration occurred mostly between nearby islands. Moreover, emigration in response to spatial differences in mean population size differed between the habitat types, but populations with large mean received more immigrants in both habitat types. The number of emigrants and immigrants was negatively related to long‐term recruit production, which was not the case in non‐farm islands. The proportion and number of emigrants was positively related to temporal increases in recruit production on farm islands, however not on non‐farm islands.Our results demonstrate that spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions influences how spatial variation in long‐term mean population size, and temporal and spatial variation in recruit production, affects dispersal dynamics. The spatial structure of this metapopulation is therefore best described by a spatially explicit model in which the exchange of individuals within each habitat type is strongly affected by the degree of geographical isolation, population size and recruit production. However, these relationships differed between the two habitat types; non‐farm islands showing similarities to a mainland‐island model type of structure, whereas farm islands showed features more associated with source–sink or balanced dispersal models. Such differential dispersal dynamics between habitat types are expected to have important consequences for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics within this metapopulation.
Optimal stopover model: A state‐dependent habitat selection model for staging passerines
Authors: Domer Adi , Vinepinsky Ehud , Bouskila Amos , Shochat Eyal , Ovadia Ofer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring their seasonal migration, birds stage in areas comprising stopover sites of varying quality. Given that migrating birds have a limited information about their environment, they may land at a low‐quality stopover site in which their fuel deposition rate (FDR) is low. Birds landing at such sites should decide either to extend their stopover duration or to quickly depart in search for a better site. These decisions, however, strongly depend on their body condition upon landing.To understand the decision‐making process of passerines within a stopover area, comprising stopover sites of varying quality, prior to the crossing of a large ecological barrier, we constructed a state‐dependent habitat selection model. The model assumes that even if migrating birds have an expectation of encountered area quality, they cannot control for their initial landing site. Once landing, movement between low‐ and high‐quality stopover sites will occur only if the body condition of these birds is high to the extent that they can entail the energetic cost of movement. Birds in the model aim to maximize their fuel load at the end of the stopover period, to suffice for successfully crossing a large ecological barrier.The model is based on empirical data on autumn migrating BlackcapsSylvia atricapilla, collected at two important stopover sites in the Negev desert of Israel. Migrating passerines staging at these two sites differ in their FDR and body condition. The model shows that the optimal behaviour when arriving at a low‐quality stopover site is to abandon it quickly. However, as lean individuals cannot entail the costs of searching for an alternative site, they have no other choice but to stay there even if their chances to successfully cross the Sahara Desert ahead are low.Our model can be applied to other ecological systems. Proper use of this model may allow good assessment of stopover site quality, as indicated by the bird's FDR, regardless of specific site characteristics. Hence, it can help applying targeted management decisions regarding the maintenance of stopover sites or establishment of new ones.
The efficacy of soy isoflavones combined with soy protein on serum concentration of interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α among post‐menopausal women? A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gholami Ali , Mollanoroozy Ensiyeh , Reza Baradaran Hamid , Hariri Mitra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe post‐menopausal stage in women’s life is associated with the enhancement of inflammation that may be reduced using soy isoflavones or soy protein. The present study aimed to summarize the effect of soy isoflavones plus soy protein on circulating interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in post‐menopausal women. The English‐language articles were identified from the databases such as Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus until December 2020. The mean change from baseline and its standard deviation (SD) for intervention and comparison groups were used to calculate the effect size. The statistical heterogeneity of the intervention effects was computing by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. Nine and seven studies were selected for systematic review and meta‐analysis, respectively. The results of our meta‐analysis indicated a non‐significant effect on the serum concentrations of IL‐6 and TNF‐α (weighted mean differences [WMD] = 0.07 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.03, 0.17 pg/mL; P = 0.190; WMD =0.05 pg/mL; 95% CI = −0.01, 0.12 pg/mL; P = 0.092; respectively). In subgroup analysis, soy isoflavones plus soy protein could increase the serum concentration of IL‐6 in studies with soy isoflavones dose ≤87 mg/days, cross‐over design, weak quality, and studies on participants who had health risk factors or diseases. The serum concentration of TNF‐α increased in studies with cross‐over design, intervention duration ≤56 days, and body mass index (BMI) >27, and in studies that were conducted on at‐risk or sick participants. In conclusion, our meta‐analysis did not confirm any significant effect on serum concentration of IL‐6 and TNF‐α among post‐menopausal women.
Proactive changes in clinical practice as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Survey on use of telepractice by Quebec speech‐language pathologists
Authors: Macoir J. , Desmarais C. , Martel‐Sauvageau V. , Monetta L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to important challenges in health and education service delivery.AimsThe present study aimed to document: (i) changes in the use of telepractice by speech‐language pathology (SLP) professionals in Quebec since the start of the COVID‐19 outbreak; (ii) perceptions of the feasibility of telepractice by SLPs; (iii) barriers to the use of telepractice; and (iv) the perceptions of SLP professionals regarding the main issues of telepractice.Methods & ProceduresAn online survey with closed and open, Likert scale and demographic questions was completed by 83 SLPs in Quebec in June and July 2020.Outcomes & ResultsThe survey responses showed that within the cohort responding, telepractice use has increased significantly as a response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Most respondents planned to continue using telepractice after the pandemic ends. In addition, the respondents considered telepractice to be adequate for many clinical practices but less so for others (e.g., swallowing disorders, hearing impairment). Most of the reported barriers to the use of telepractice concerned technological problems and a lack of clinical materials for online use. Confidentiality and privacy issues were also raised.Conclusions & ImplicationsSLP professionals rapidly took advantage of existing technologies in their clinical settings to cope with the pandemic's effects on service delivery. The discrepancy between their perceptions and the evidence in the literature for some practices and populations strengthens the need for more information and education on telepractice.What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subject

The proportion of speech‐language pathologists (SLPs) in Canada who use telepractice for clinical activities is unknown. Knowing this information became crucial in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic because non‐essential activities were interrupted to halt the spread of the disease.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

The findings from this survey study confirmed that the use of telepractice in SLP in Quebec increased significantly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Moreover, the majority of the respondents began using telepractice because of the pandemic, and most planned to continue doing so after it ends. This demonstrates how SLP professionals rapidly took advantage of existing technologies in their clinical settings to cope with the pandemic's effects on service delivery.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

Although the SLPs expressed an overall positive perception of telepractice, they also highlighted barriers to its optimal use. The findings of this study should help employers and regulatory bodies in Quebec to bring down those barriers and make telepractice in SLP a durable, effective and efficient service delivery model.
Maternal morbidity and mortality: an iceberg phenomenon
Authors: Leitao S , Manning E , Greene RA , Corcoran P ,   the Maternal Morbidity Advisory Group*
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo apply the iceberg model, quantifying absolute and relative incidence, to the four main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in Ireland: haemorrhage, hypertension, sepsis and thrombosis.DesignSecondary analysis of national data on maternal morbidity and mortality.SettingRepublic of Ireland.Population or sampleApproximately 715 000 maternities, 1 200 000 maternal hospitalisations, 2138 cases of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and 54 maternal deaths.MethodsIncidence rates and case‐fatality ratios were calculated.Main outcome measuresMaternal death, SMM and hospitalisation.ResultsAt the ‘tip of the iceberg’, the incidence of maternal death per 10 000 maternities was 0.09 (95% CI 0.03–0.20) due to thrombosis and 0.03 (95% CI 0–0.11) due to haemorrhage, hypertension disorders or sepsis. For one death due to thrombosis there were 35 cases of pulmonary embolism and 257 thrombosis hospitalisations. For one death due to eclampsia, there were 58 eclampsia cases, 13 040 hospitalisations with pre‐existing hypertension and 40 781 hospitalisations with gestational hypertension. For one death due to pregnancy‐related sepsis, there were 92 cases of septicaemic shock and 9005 hospitalisations with obstetric sepsis. For one maternal death due to haemorrhage, there were 1029 cases of major obstetric haemorrhage and 53 715 maternal hospitalisations with haemorrhage. For every 100 maternities, there were approximately 16 hospitalisations associated with haemorrhage, 12 associated with hypertension disorders, three with sepsis and 0.2 with thrombosis.ConclusionsHaemorrhage and hypertension disorders are leading causes of maternal morbidity in Ireland but they have very low case fatality. This indicates that these morbidities are managed effectively but their prevention requires more focus.Tweetable abstractStudy shows that haemorrhage and hypertension are main causes of #maternalmorbidity in Ireland. Timely interventions for #maternalhealth and focus on prevention of severe and non‐severe morbidities are needed.@NPEC #maternityservices #clinicalaudit #qualityimprovement.
The relationship between hepatitis B virus serum DNA, RNA and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen, and the predictive value for mother‐to‐child transmission: an observational cohort study
Authors: Wang C , Pan Y‐C , Jia Z‐F , Chi X‐M , Wang Y‐Q , Yang N , Wu Y‐H , Niu J‐Q , Jiang J 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the relationships between hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBV RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and to evaluate their predictive value for mother‐to‐child transmission of HBV.DesignAn observational cohort study.SettingFirst Hospital of Jilin University.PopulationHBsAg‐positive and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) ‐positive pregnant women were recruited.MethodsBlood samples were collected from mothers before delivery, and HBV infection of infants was evaluated at 7 months of age.ResultsOverall, 268 mothers and 271 infants were enrolled. HBV DNA and HBsAg levels were correlated (rs = 0.699; P < 0.001), and HBV DNA (rs = 0.500; P < 0.001) and HBsAg (rs = 0.372; P < 0.001) were both correlated with HBV RNA. The areas under the curve for HBV DNA, HBsAg and HBV RNA for prediction of infection were 0.69 (95% CI 0.57–0.82), 0.63 (95% CI 0.51–0.76) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.52–0.78), respectively. Higher HBV DNA (odds ratio [OR] 4.77, 95% CI 1.44–15.86), higher HBsAg (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.12–15.25) and higher HBV RNA (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.09–9.32) were risk factors for HBV infection. Analysis of the HBV DNA‐RNA‐HBsAg Score revealed that it was an independent predictive factor for mother‐to‐child transmission (the OR of Score 3 was 8.81, 95% CI 2.79–27.82).ConclusionHBV DNA, HBV RNA and HBsAg were correlated in HBeAg‐positive pregnant women. HBsAg could be considered as a substitute marker of HBV DNA for HBeAg‐positive pregnant women in low‐income regions. We should pay special attention to pregnant women with high levels of all three markers.Tweetable abstractHBsAg could be considered as a substitute marker of HBV DNA for HBeAg‐positive pregnant women in low‐income regions. Special attention should be given to pregnant women with high levels of all three markers (HBV DNA, HBV RNA and HBsAg).
Association of maternal gestational weight gain with intellectual developmental disorder in the offspring: a nationwide follow‐up study in Sweden
Authors: Lee PMY , Tse LA , László KD , Wei D , Yu Y , Li J 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and offspring's intellectual developmental disorders (IDD); how this association is modified by maternal early‐pregnancy BMI.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.Setting and populationAll liveborn singletons with information on maternal GWG in the Swedish Medical Register during 1992–2006 (n = 467 485).MethodsWe used three GWG classifications, (1) Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines (‘ideal’ GWG: maternal underweight = 12.7–18.1 kg; normal = 11.3–15.9 kg; overweight = 6.8–11.3 kg; obesity = 5.0–9.1 kg), (2) LifeCycle project recommendation (‘ideal’ GWG: maternal underweight = 14.0–16.0 kg; normal = 10.0–18.0 kg; overweight = 2.0–16.0 kg; obesity class I = 2.0–6.0 kg; obesity class II ≤0.0–4.0 kg; obesity class III ≤0.0–6.0 kg) and (3) GWG centiles. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for offspring's IDD risk using Cox regression.Main outcome measuresIDD was extracted from Swedish National Patient Register (code ICD‐9:317–319/ICD‐10:F70–F79).ResultsForty‐one per cent of children were born to mothers with excessive GWG, 32.8% with ideal GWG and 26.2% with inadequate GWG according to IOM guidelines. Inadequate GWG was associated with 21% higher risk of offspring's IDD (95% CI 1.11–1.31) relative to ideal GWG. In contrast, when using the LifeCycle classification, children of mothers with inadequate GWG (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24) or excessive GWG (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.17) had higher risks of IDD than those of mothers with ideal GWG. When using GWG centiles, extremely low GWG (<20th centile) and low GWG (20th–40th centile) were associated with elevated offspring's IDD risk. Further stratified analysis by maternal early‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) showed that overweight/obese mothers (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) with extremely excessive GWG (>25 kg) was associated with an increased offspring's IDD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that inadequate maternal GWG may increase offspring's IDD risk, irrespective of maternal early‐pregnancy BMI. Extremely excessive GWG (>25 kg) may increase offspring's IDD risk, but only among mothers with an early‐pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2.Tweetable abstractInadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy may increase the risk of offspring's intellectual disability, regardless of maternal BMI.
Trends in maternal mortality in India over two decades in nationally representative surveys
Authors: Meh C , Sharma A , Ram U , Fadel S , Correa N , Snelgrove JW , Shah P , Begum R , Shah M , Hana T , Fu SH , Raveendran L , Mishra B , Jha P 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo assess national and regional trends and causes‐specific distribution of maternal mortality in India.DesignNationally representative cross‐sectional surveys.SettingAll of India from 1997 to 2020.SampleAbout 10 000 maternal deaths among 4.3 million live births over two decades.MethodsWe analysed trends in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) from 1997 through 2020, estimated absolute maternal deaths and examined the causes of maternal death using nationally representative data sources. We partitioned female deaths (aged 15–49 years) and live birth totals, based on the 2001–2014 Million Death Study to United Nations (UN) demographic totals for the country.Main outcome measuresMaternal mortality burden and distribution of causes.ResultsThe MMR declined in India by about 70% from 398/100 000 live births (95% CI 378–417) in 1997–98 to 99/100 000 (90–108) in 2020. About 1.30 million (95% CI 1.26–1.35 million) maternal deaths occurred between 1997 and 2020, with about 23 800 (95% CI 21 700–26 000) in 2020, with most occurring in poorer states (63%) and among women aged 20–29 years (58%). The MMRs for Assam (215), Uttar Pradesh/Uttarakhand (192) and Madhya Pradesh/Chhattisgarh (170) were highest, surpassing India’s 2016–2018 estimate of 113 (95% CI 103–123). After adjustment for education and other variables, the risks of maternal death were highest in rural and tribal areas of north‐eastern and northern states. The leading causes of maternal death were obstetric haemorrhage (47%; higher in poorer states), pregnancy‐related infection (12%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (7%).ConclusionsIndia could achieve the UN 2030 MMR goals if the average rate of reduction is maintained. However, without further intervention, the poorer states will not.Tweetable abstractWe estimated that 1.3 million Indian women died from maternal causes over the last two decades. Although maternal mortality rates have fallen by 70% overall, the poorer states lag behind.