bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of supplementing lactation and nursery pig diets with capsaicin on growth performance and gene expression of nursery pigs
Authors: Rosa-Medina Eduardo A , Urriola Pedro E , Jang Jae C , Faulk Christopher D , Johnston Lee J , Shurson Gerald C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing capsaicin in diets for lactating sows and their offspring on the growth performance and gene expression of pigs postweaning. Twenty-eight multiparous sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets without (n = 14) and with (n = 14) capsaicin (2.5 mg/kg) during a 19-d lactation period. Litters from these sows (n = 288 pigs) were weaned and assigned to 36 blocks (pens) based on maternal dietary treatment and initial body weight (BW) to provide 8 pigs/pen. Blocks were assigned randomly to one of two nursery dietary treatments (control or capsaicin supplemented diets) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to provide nine replications per treatment combination. A three-phase nursery feeding program was used and consisted of feeding phase 1 (weaning to d 7), phase 2 (d 8–21), and phase 3 (d 22–38) diets postweaning, without and with 1.0, 1.3, and 1.6 mg capsaicin/kg of diet, respectively. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with the effect of nursery dietary treatment nested within sow lactation treatment, the effect of time with repeated measures, and interactions between treatments and wk postweaning. On d 38 postweaning, blood samples were collected from one pig in each pen (n = 36) with BW closest to the pen average for RNA sequencing and gene expression analysis. There were no effects of feeding capsaicin diets to lactating sows and/or their weaned offspring on BW, average daily gain, or average daily feed intake of pigs during the 35-d nursery period. However, pigs weaned from sows fed capsaicin during lactation and continuing to be fed capsaicin diets during the nursery period tended (P = 0.09) to have greater gain:feed (G:F) than pigs fed the other dietary treatments. Furthermore, there was an interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for G:F for dietary treatment and week postweaning, where the magnitude of improvement was greater during the first week postweaning than subsequent wks. There were a limited number of differentially expressed genes among dietary treatment combinations but the greatest number occurred in offspring from sows that were fed capsaicin during lactation. In conclusion, the combination of feeding capsaicin to sows during lactation and to their offspring after weaning appears to improve gain efficiency for the first wk postweaning and may alter gene expression to a greater extent than when capsaicin is supplemented only in the nursery diets.
Music in Noise: Neural Correlates Underlying Noise Tolerance in Music-Induced Emotion
Authors: Murai Shota , Yang Ae Na , Hiryu Shizuko , Kobayasi Kohta I 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMusic can be experienced in various acoustic qualities. In this study, we investigated how the acoustic quality of the music can influence strong emotional experiences, such as musical chills, and the neural activity. The music’s acoustic quality was controlled by adding noise to musical pieces. Participants listened to clear and noisy musical pieces and pressed a button when they experienced chills. We estimated neural activity in response to chills under both clear and noisy conditions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The behavioral data revealed that compared with the clear condition, the noisy condition dramatically decreased the number of chills and duration of chills. The fMRI results showed that under both noisy and clear conditions the supplementary motor area, insula, and superior temporal gyrus were similarly activated when participants experienced chills. The involvement of these brain regions may be crucial for music-induced emotional processes under the noisy as well as the clear condition. In addition, we found a decrease in the activation of the right superior temporal sulcus when experiencing chills under the noisy condition, which suggests that music-induced emotional processing is sensitive to acoustic quality.
Total-evidence dating and morphological partitioning: a novel approach to understand the phylogeny and biogeography of augochlorine bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Authors: Gonçalves Rodrigo Barbosa , De Meira Odair Milioni , Rosa Brunno Bueno 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Augochlorini comprise 646 described bee species primarily distributed in the Neotropical region. According to molecular and morphological phylogenies, the tribe is monophyletic and subdivided into seven genus groups. Our main objective is to propose a revised phylogeny of Augochlorini based on a comprehensive data set including fossil species as terminals and new characters from the internal skeleton. We also aim to develop a total-evidence framework incorporating a morphological-partitioned homoplasy approach and molecular data and propose a detailed biogeographic and evolutionary scenario based on ancestor range estimation. Our results recovered Augochlorini and most genus groups as monophyletic, despite some uncertainties about monophyly of the Megalopta and Neocorynura groups. The position of the cleptoparasite Temonosoma is still uncertain. All analyses recovered Augochloropsis s.l. as related to the Megaloptidia group. Internal characters from the head, mesosoma and sting apparatus provided important synapomorphies for most internal nodes, genus groups and genera. Augochlorini diversification occurred in the uplands of the Neotropical region, especially the Brazilian Plateau. Multiple dispersals to Amazonia, Central America and North America with returns to the Atlantic endemism area were recovered in our analysis. Total evidence, including morphological partitioning, was shown to be a reliable approach for phylogenetic reconstruction.
Hyperparasitism on Plasmopara viticola by Simplicillium lanosoniveum
Authors: Shen Hongmiao , Shi Xiaomeng , Ran Longxian 
Published: October 2021

A previously unknown association between Plasmopara viticola, the causal pathogen of grape downy mildew, and the mycoparasite strain F2 is described in this paper. F2 could be consistently isolated from the mildew of diseased spots on grape leaves of Kyoho ( Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera cv. Kyoho) infected with P. viticola but not from the surfaces of healthy grape leaves or within lesions of other diseases. It was observed that strain F2 was capable of coiling around sporangiophores and sporangia of P. viticola under a microscope, causing hyphae deformation, decreasing the pathogen growth, and reducing the number of sporangia. This fungal strain was identified as Simplicillium lanosoniveum on the basis of morphological characterizations and 28S rDNA sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. lanosoniveum with hyperparasitic characteristics on P. viticola, and the hyperparasite has potential application in the control of grape downy mildew. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
From Raynaud Phenomenon to Systemic Sclerosis in COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Giuggioli Dilia , Spinella Amelia , de Pinto Marco , Mascia Maria Teresa , Salvarani Carlo 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In 2019, the novel SARS-CoV-2 infection emerged, causing the disease called COVID-19, which primarily affects the respiratory tract and lung at alveolar and interstitial levels. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective disease characterized by vascular abnormalities and diffuse and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Raynaud phenomenon (RP) occurs in virtually all patients affected by SSc and, in most cases, is an onset symptom of the disease; that is, RP may appear several years before overt illness. Although the exact pathophysiologic pathways leading to RP and SSc are still unknown, several infectious agents, especially viruses, have been suggested as possible triggering factors. Here, the authors describe the first case of RP secondary to SSc following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CE: Pediatric Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Good Amanda , Olans Rita 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT:
With the rise of antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial stewardship programs can now be found in the ambulatory setting, where nearly 95% of antibiotic prescriptions originate. Judicious use of antibiotics is of particular importance to the ambulatory pediatric provider, as the annual antibiotic prescription rate is highest among children ages two and younger and inappropriate early-life antibiotic use is associated with elevated childhood risk of several medical conditions. While most ambulatory antibiotic stewardship programs have focused on shaping clinician behaviors to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescribing, duration of antibiotic therapy has been found to be a critical, yet underexamined, facet of antibiotic use. In the past, duration of antibiotic therapy was largely based on convention and expert opinion, with little scientific evidence supporting many of the recommendations. Research suggests that many common pediatric infections such as acute otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, and urinary tract infections can be effectively and safely treated with reduced courses of antibiotic therapy. In addition to reducing the incidence of antibiotic resistance, a shorter duration of antibiotic therapy may help prevent many adverse effects associated with antibiotic treatment. Current studies on the duration of antibiotic therapy, especially in pediatrics, are limited as they often rely on data extrapolated from adult studies that fail to consider the effects of age-related growth and development on both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Future investigation into this topic is also limited by researchers' reliance on subsidies from pharmaceutical companies; clinicians' fear of undertreating infection; and hesitancy to deviate from current standards of care, even when such standards are not evidence based. Despite these challenges, the dangers of inappropriate antibiotic use in the pediatric population warrant further evaluation.
Cost Reduction for Knee-Spanning External Fixation in the Staged Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Practical Intervention
Authors: Only Arthur J. , Hayek Kevin , McCreary Dylan L. , Huyke Fernando A. , Siljander Breana , Kibble Kendra , Cunningham Brian P. 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To determine whether an educational intervention affects surgeon implant decision making measured by total implant costs for temporizing a knee-spanning external fixation construct.

Design:
A total of 24 cases were prospectively collected after an educational intervention and matched to 24 cases before intervention using Schatzker classification and by surgeon.

Setting:
A single Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Forty-eight patients with Schatzker II-VI tibial plateau fractures.

Intervention:
Education session to create transparency with component pricing and to provide 3 clinical cases of Orthopaedic Trauma Association/AO 41-C3 (Schatzker VI) with accompanying images and fixator construct costs. Total implant costs displayed in the session ranged from $2354 to $11,696.

Outcome Measurement:
External fixator construct cost.

Results:
The mean cost of constructs in the postintervention group was $4550.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) $3945.60–$5154.00], which was significantly different compared with the preintervention group cost of $6046.75 (95% CI = $5309.54–$6783.97, P = 0.003). After 1 year, the total implant costs of external fixation constructs were reduced by an average of almost $1500 per patient.

Conclusion:
An educational intervention created a reduction in the average total implant construction costs for temporary knee-spanning external fixation in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures. Surgical implant selection and cost variance remain an ideal area to improve value for patients and hospitals. Empowering surgeons with knowledge regarding implant prices is a critical part of working toward the cost reductions of external fixation constructs.
Prevention of Neurological Deficit With Intraoperative Neuromonitoring During Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Farooq Jeffrey , Pressman Elliot , Elsawaf Yasmeen , McBride Paul , Alikhani Puya 
Published: October 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
While intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been increasingly used in spine surgery to have a real-time evaluation of the neurological injury, we aim here to assess its utility during anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and its association with postoperative neurological deficit.

Summary of Background Data:
ALIF is a beneficial surgical approach for patients with degenerative disease of the lower lumbar spine who would benefit from increased lordosis and restoration of neuroforaminal height. One risk of ALIF is iatrogenic nerve root injury. IONM may be useful in preventing this injury.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 111 consecutive patients who underwent ALIF at a tertiary care academic center by 6 spine surgeons. We aimed to describe the association between IONM, postoperative weakness, and factors that predispose our center to using IONM.

Results:
The 111 patients had a median age of 62 years [interquartile range (IQR): 53–69 y]. Neuromonitoring was used in 67 patients (60.3%) and not used in 44 patients. Seven neuromonitoring patients had IONM changes during the surgery. Three of these patients’ surgeries featured intraoperative adjustments to reduce iatrogenic neural injury. The IONM cohort underwent significantly more complex procedures [5 levels (IQR: 3–7) vs. 2 levels (IQR: 2–5), P=0.001]. There was no difference in rates of new or worsened postoperative weakness (IONM: 20.6%, non-IONM: 20.5%).

Conclusions:
We demonstrate evidence of the potential benefits of IONM for patients undergoing ALIF. Intraoperative changes in neuromonitoring signals resulted in surgical adjustments that likely prevented neurological deficits postoperatively. IONM was protective so that more complex surgeries did not have a higher rate of postoperative weakness.
Normative data of the Portuguese version of the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination
Authors: Peixoto Bruno , Machado António , Peixoto Miguel , Pimentel Paulo , Baeta Élia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) is a screening neurocognitive test with diagnostic accuracy for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The present study aims to determine the construct validity, concurrent and divergent validity and to determine the normative equation for the Portuguese version of M-ACE.

Method:
The sample is composed by 130 participants without any subjective complaint of memory loss and completely independent in daily life activities, recruited in health units, day care centers and religious and civic associations, from several districts of Portugal. The ACE-III, from which the M-ACE was extracted, and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were administered to all participants.

Results:
Reliability is considered good (α = 0.844) and the item-total correlations of the M-ACE were highly significant. M-ACE showed a positive correlation with ACE-III and a negative correlation with GDS. Schooling and age were the only variables related to M-ACE performance. The obtained model from the multiple regression was significant. A normative equation was extracted from this model.

Conclusions:
The Portuguese version of M-ACE has solid psychometric properties enabling its clinical use. The availability of M-ACE normative equation based on a healthy sample according to age and education enables the use of a brief screening tool for cognitive functioning. M-ACE does not require formal specialized training, it is a quick test which can be an advantage, for instance, in primary health care consultations.
Diagnosing Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Review of 251 Patients
Authors: Lynch Patrick , Mitton Tanner , Killeen Daniel E. , Kutz Joe Walter , Newcomer Mark 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To analyze the underlying etiologies, presenting characteristics, and diagnostic workup of patients with pulsatile tinnitus (PT).

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
All patients who received a diagnostic workup for PT from January 01, 2015 and May 31, 2020.

Main Outcome Measure:
Diagnostic rate of imaging studies.

Results:
Among 251 patients with PT, the most common etiologies included neoplasms (16%), arteriopathies (14%), venopathies (8.5%), middle/inner ear pathology (9.0%), or idiopathic (50%). Patients with identifiable etiologies of PT more often had hypertension, obesity, vision changes, ipsilateral asymmetric hearing loss, or an abnormal otologic examination. Only 18.5% of patients without those characteristics had an identifiable etiology of PT. The most commonly ordered diagnostic studies were magnetic resonance imaging with contrast (n = 146), MR angiography (MRA) (n = 105), CT angiography (CTA) (n = 84), computed tomography (CT) without contrast (n = 76), and MR Venogram (MRV) (n = 62). Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast and CT without contrast preferentially identified patients with nonvascular etiologies of PT, while MRA and CTA identified patients with vascular etiologies of PT. MRV did not demonstrate high diagnostic rate for either type of PT. No difference in diagnostic rate was found between MR-based or CT-based imaging.

Conclusions:
Patients who lack a history of hypertension, obesity, vision changes, ipsilateral asymmetric hearing loss, or an abnormal otologic examination are less likely to have an identifiable cause for PT. In cases where a specific etiology was identified, MR-based imaging (MRI with contrast and MRA) or CT-based imaging (CT without contrast and CTA) were equally efficacious in identifying that etiology. MR-based imaging is preferred for neoplasms, while CT-based imaging is preferred for semicircular canal dehiscence.
Comparison of the sit-up test and head-up tilt test for assessing blood pressure and hemodynamic responses in healthy young individuals
Authors: Oyake Kazuaki , Murayama Jun , Tateishi Takaki , Mochida Ayumi , Matsumoto Mao , Tsujikawa Masahiro , Kondo Kunitsugu , Otaka Yohei , Momose Kimito 
Published: October 2021

Objective
The sit-up test is used to assess orthostatic hypotension, without the use of a tilt table, in populations who are unable to stand. The primary objective of this study was to determine the differences in blood pressure and hemodynamic responses between the sit-up and head-up tilt tests. The secondary objective was to determine the hemodynamic responses related to changes in blood pressure during each test.

Methods
Nineteen healthy volunteers (nine males, aged 24.3 ± 2.4 years) underwent the sit-up and head-up tilt tests. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were measured.

Results
The increase in systolic blood pressure (15 ± 9 vs. 8 ± 8 mmHg) was greater, while the increase in heart rate (8 ± 5 vs. 12 ± 8 bpm) and reduction in stroke volume (−17 ± 10 vs. −21 ± 10 ml) were smaller during the sit-up test than during the head-up tilt test (P < 0.05). Additionally, the increases in blood pressure variables were significantly associated with the increase in total peripheral resistance (P < 0.05), but not with changes in other hemodynamic variables in both tests.

Conclusion
Although the magnitudes of changes in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume differed between the tests, the hemodynamic variable related to changes in blood pressure was the same for both tests. These results may contribute to the clinical application of the sit-up test for identifying the presence and hemodynamic mechanisms of orthostatic hypotension.
Epidemiology and risk factors of sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Zimmerman Dominic S. , Tan Hanno L. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of review
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains a major health burden around the globe, most often occurring in the community (out-of-hospital cardiac arrest [OHCA]). SCA accounts for 15–20% of all natural deaths in adults in the USA and Western Europe, and up to 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. To reduce this burden, more knowledge is needed about its key facets such as its incidence in various geographies, its risk factors, and the populations that may be at risk.

Recent findings
SCA results from a complex interaction of inherited and acquired causes, specific to each individual. Resolving this complexity, and designing personalized prevention and treatment, requires an integrated approach in which big datasets that contain all relevant factors are collected, and a multimodal analysis. Such datasets derive from multiple data sources, including all players in the chain-of-care for OHCA. This recognition has led to recently started large-scale collaborative efforts in Europe.

Summary
Our insights into the causes of SCA are steadily increasing thanks to the creation of big datasets dedicated to SCA research. These insights may be used to earlier recognize of individuals at risk, the design of personalized methods for prevention, and more effective resuscitation strategies for OHCA.
Hospital-specific Template Matching for Benchmarking Performance in a Diverse Multihospital System
Authors: Vincent Brenda M. , Molling Daniel , Escobar Gabriel J. , Hofer Timothy P. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Liu Vincent X. , Rosen Amy K. , Ryan Andrew M. , Seelye Sarah , Wiitala Wyndy L. , Prescott Hallie C. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Hospital-specific template matching is a newer method of hospital performance measurement that may be fairer than regression-based benchmarking. However, it has been tested in only limited research settings.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of hospital-specific template matching assessments in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system and determine power to detect greater-than-expected 30-day mortality.

Research Design:
Observational cohort study with hospital-specific template matching assessment. For each VA hospital, the 30-day mortality of a representative subset of hospitalizations was compared with the pooled mortality from matched hospitalizations at a set of comparison VA hospitals treating sufficiently similar patients. The simulation was used to determine power to detect greater-than-expected mortality.

Subjects:
A total of 556,266 hospitalizations at 122 VA hospitals in 2017.

Measures:
A number of comparison hospitals identified per hospital; 30-day mortality.

Results:
Each hospital had a median of 38 comparison hospitals (interquartile range: 33, 44) identified, and 116 (95.1%) had at least 20 comparison hospitals. In total, 8 hospitals (6.6%) had a significantly lower 30-day mortality than their benchmark, 5 hospitals (4.1%) had a significantly higher 30-day mortality, and the remaining 109 hospitals (89.3%) were similar to their benchmark. Power to detect a standardized mortality ratio of 2.0 ranged from 72.5% to 79.4% for a hospital with the fewest (6) versus most (64) comparison hospitals.

Conclusions:
Hospital-specific template matching may be feasible for assessing hospital performance in the diverse VA health care system, but further refinements are needed to optimize the approach before operational use. Our findings are likely applicable to other large and diverse multihospital systems.