bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying TB hotspots through mobile X-rays in Karachi, Pakistan: spatial analysis of data from an active case-finding program
Authors: Zaidi Syed Mohammad Asad , Jamal Wafa Zehra , Mergenthaler Christina , Azeemi Kiran Sohail , Berge Nick Van Den , Creswell Jacob , Khan Aamir , Khowaja Saira , Habib Shifa Salman 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of avoidable deaths from an infectious disease globally and a large of number of people who develop TB each year remain undiagnosed. Active case-finding has been recommended by the World Health Organization to bridge the case-detection gap for TB in high burden countries. However, concerns remain regarding their yield and cost-effectiveness. MethodsData from mobile chest X-ray (CXR) supported active case-finding community camps conducted in Karachi, Pakistan from July 2017- March 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. After a CXR screening supported by computer-aided detection, those with presumptive TB were counselled to submit a sputum sample for Xpert MTB/RIF testing. Frequency analysis was carried out at the camp-level and outcomes of interest for the spatial analyses were mycobacterium TB positivity (MTB+) and X-ray abnormality ratios. The Moran’s I statistic was used to test for spatial autocorrelation for MTB+ and abnormal X-rays within Union Councils (UCs) in Karachi. Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation analyses were performed for UCs within Karachi. Point-pattern analyses were carried out utilizing GPS coordinates recorded at the camp sites and were analyzed for spatial autocorrelation using Getis Ord Star tests.ResultsA total of 1,161 (78.1%) camps yielded no MTB+ cases, 246 (16.5%) camps yielded 1 MTB+, 52 (3.5%) camps yielded 2 MTB+ and 27 (1.8%) yielded 3 or more MTB+. A total of 79 (5.3%) camps accounted for 193 (44.0%) of MTB+ cases detected. Statistically significant clustering for MTB positivity (Moran’s I: 0.09) and abnormal chest X-rays (Moran’s I: 0.36) ratios was identified within UCs in Karachi. Clustering of UCs with high MTB positivity were identified in Karachi West district. Clusters of camp locations with high MTB+ ratios were identified in Karachi South and Karachi West districts and in several locations in the north and eastern peripheries of the city. ConclusionStatistically significant spatial variation was identified in yield of bacteriologically positive TB cases and in abnormal CXR through active case-finding in Karachi. Cost-effectiveness of active case-finding programs can be improved by identifying and focusing interventions in hotspots and avoiding locations with no known TB cases reported through routine surveillance.
Validation and Modification of the American Joint Commission on Cancer 8th Edition Staging System for Patients With Anal Squamous Cell Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Analysis
Authors: Lin Yao , Li Chengguo , yang wenchang , Wang Tao , Chen Xin , Sun Xiong , Zhang Peng , Tao Kaixiong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to validate the clinical utility of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging system for anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC). Further, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2015) was used to validate the practicability of 8th AJCC stages. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, the modification was validated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and calculating the concordance index (C-index). A total of 11891 patients with ASCC were analysed. the 5-year DSSs for stage I, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and IV were 93.8%, 87.4%, 76.2%, 76.9%, 72.0%, 66.1%, and 34.9%. We found the OS and DSS of IIIA patients showed better than IIB. After hazard analysis, modified IIIA patients showed worse OS and DSS than IIB. C-indexes were increased from 0.612 to 0.636 for DSS and from 0.566 to 0.582 for OS of stage II and III ASCCs. In conclusion, our study validated 8th AJCC staging system as overall suitable classification with a few defects. Thus, we suggested modifications in II and III stages to make it more suitable for ASCCs that could be adopted in clinical practice.
Influence of Social Psychological Status On Efavirenz And Nevirapine Plasma Concentration Among HIV Patients In Kenya
Authors: Ngayo Musa Otieno , Oluka Margaret , Bulimo Wallace Dimbuson , Okalebo Faith Apolot 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
HIV-related stigma, lack of disclosure and social support are still a hindrance to HIV testing, care, and prevention. We evaluated the influence of these socio-phycological status on nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) plasma concentrations among HIV patients in Kenya. Blood samples were obtained from 254 and 312 consenting HIV patients on NVP and EFV based first-line Antiretroviral therapy (ART) respectively and a detailed structured questionnaire was administered. The NVP and EFV plasma level was measured by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The median duration of living with HIV infection was 5 years (IQR = 1–11years) and a median duration since ART initiation was 3 years (IQR = 1–8 years). There were 68.1% and 65.4% of the patients on NVP and EFV respectively who did not feel guilty for being HIV positive. The disclosure rate was about 96.1% and 94.6% of patients on NVP and EFV respectively. About 85% and 78.2% of patients on NVP and EFV respectively who got social support as much as needed. The non-adherence to ART in the past 30 days was 64.6% and 66.3% patients on NVP and EFV respectively. The median (IQR) plasma concentration were [6237.5 ng/mL, IQR 45188–8964 ng/mL] for NVP and [2739.5 ng/mL, IQR 1878 –4891.5 ng/mL] for EFV. There were 14.2% and 4.5% patients on NVP and EFV respectively with suboptimal plasma concertation associated with poor viral suppression. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed feeling guilty for being HIV positive (adjusted β = 954, 95% CI = 192.7 to 2156.6; p =0.014) or feeling worthless for being HIV positive (adjusted β = 852, 95% CI = 64.3 to 1639.7; p =0.034); being certain of telling the primary sexual partner about HIV positive status (adjusted β 363, 95% CI, 97.9 to 628.1; p = 0.007); disclosing HIV status to neighbors (adjusted β = 1731, 95% CI = 376 to 3086; p =0.012) and getting transportation to hospital whenever needed (adjusted β = -1143.3, 95% CI = -1914.3 to -372.4; p =0.004) were associated with NVP/EFV plasma levels. The NVP and EFV plasma level was highly heterogenous with a significant proportion of patients reporting levels correlated with poor viral suppression. The patient’s stigma, lack of disclosure and social support contributes significantly on the overall ART treatment outcome. Taking these factors into consideration, HIV treatment may be personalized to achieve optimal treatment success
Epidemic Modeling of Multiple Virus Strains: A Case Study of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 In Moscow
Authors: Tseytlin Boris , Makarov Ilya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
During a long-running pandemic a pathogen can mutate, producing new strains with different epidemiological parameters. Existing approaches to epidemic modeling only consider one virus strain. We have developed a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered model to simulate multiple virus strains within the same population. As a case study, we investigate the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 strain B.1.1.7 on the city of Moscow. Our analysis indicates a high risk of a new wave of infections in September-October 2021 with up to 35 000 daily infections at peak. We open-source our code and data.
Naprapathy Versus Orthopaedic Standard Care for Common Musculoskeletal Disorders: An 8-year Follow-up of a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial in Sweden
Authors: Lilje Stina , Eklund Andreas , Wykman Anders , Sundberg Tobias , Skillgate Eva 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal pain is among the most common reasons for seeking care, specialist competence for its treatment in primary care limited and waiting lists for orthopaedics often amongst the longest. Many referrals to orthopaedics do not concern disorders that benefit from surgery. Manual therapy is effective, yet not integrated in national health care systems, and there is a lack of research on other than neck and low back pain, and a lack of long-term follow-ups. The present study evaluates the long-term effects of a complementary therapy for common orthopaedic disorders.Methods: An 8-year follow-up (96 months) of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of naprapathy (experimental group) versus standard orthopaedic care (control group) for non-surgical patients of working age with the most common musculoskeletal disorders on the waiting lists(n=78). Bodily pain, physical function (SF36), Quality of life (QoL; SF6D), and data on health care utilization were collected.Results: N=75 participants in the original study sample completed the 8-year follow-up. The differences in bodily pain (21,7 (95% CI: 9,1-34,3)), physical function (17,6(6,7-28,4)), and QoLs (0,823 (95% CI: 0.785-0.862) compared with 0,713 (95% CI: 0.668-0.758)) were statistically significantly in favor of the experimental group (p-values<0,01). After sensitivity analysis the experimental group had altogether 260 health care visits compared with 1 161 in the control group.Conclusions:Naprapathy is a continuously effective treatment. Together with earlier research our study suggests that specialized manual therapy should be considered when triaging patients with common non-surgical musculoskeletal disorders in national health care systems.Trial registration: Not applicable, as per information given by ClinicalTrials.gov.
Fracture Characteristics of The Laser Bonding Joint Between The Aluminum Alloy and The CFRTP With Preset Aluminum Alloy Sheet
Authors: Luo Jiebang , Bu Hengchang , Wang Feiyun , Zhan Xiaohong , Yu Min , Liu Dongtao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method to improve the laser joint strength between carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite (CFRTP) and aluminum alloy. In this method, the aluminum alloy sheet is preset between the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and carbon cloth, while the CFRTP with preset aluminum alloy sheet is attained by the compression molding method. The CFRTP with preset aluminum alloy sheet is connected to the aluminum alloy by laser heat source, and the maximum load of the joint can reach 4264 N. Microstructure and fracture surface morphology of joint are observed and analyzed. The results indicate that the element diffusion between the preset aluminum alloy sheet and CFRTP shows more significant compared with the interface of aluminum alloy and CFRTP due to the effect of hot pressing. The fracture failure mode of the lap structure between aluminum alloy and CFRTP is mixed fracture with adhesion fracture as the main component. The fracture position of preset aluminum alloy sheet and aluminum alloy lap structure occurs near the weld seam fusion line, while the fracture behavior presents a ductile fracture. The joint bonding force is mainly attributed to the collective effect of two lap structures, during the stretching process, the interface between aluminum alloy and CFRTP first undergoes fracture, then preset aluminum alloy sheet undergoes plastic fracture failure.
To What Degree Could Clinical Trials in Evidence Based Medicine Reflect The Real World in The Treatment of Pneumonia?
Authors: Asai Nobuhiro , Shibata Yuichi , Sakanashi Daisuke , Shiota Arufumi , Kato Hideo , Hagihara Mao , Koizumi Yusuke , Yamagishi Yuka , Suematsu Hiroyuki , Mikamo Hiroshige 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEvidenced based medicine (EBM) is necessary to standardize treatments for infections because EBM　has been established based on the results of clinical trials. Since entry criteria for clinical trials are　very strict, it ​may cause skepticism or question whether the results of clinical trials　reflect the real world ​of medical practice.MethodsTo examine how many patients could join any randomized clinical trials for the　treatment of community-onset pneumonia, we reviewed all the pneumonia patients in our institute　during 2014-2017. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who were eligible for clinical　trials (participation possible group), and those who were not (participation impossible group).　Exclusion criteria for clinical trials were set based on previous clinical trials.ResultsA total of 406 patients were enrolled in the present study. Fifty-seven (14%) patients were categorized into the participation possible group, while 86% ​of patients belonged to the participation impossible group. Patients in the participation possible group had less comorbidities and ​more favorable outcomes than those with the participation impossible group. As for the outcomes, there were significant differences in the 30-day and in-hospital mortality rates between the two groups. In addition, the participation possible group showed a longer overall survival time than the participation impossible group (p<0.001 by Log-Rank test).ConclusionThere is a difference in patients’ profile and outcomes between clinical trials and the real world. Though EBM is essential to advance ​medicine, we should acknowledge the fact​s and the limit​s of the clinical trial.
Fishing for Solutions: Nomenclature of Cell-Cultivated Fish Products
Authors: Malerich Marlana , Bryant Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, marine resources have faced extreme environmental pressures due to growing global fish consumption. Both commercial fishing and aquaculture harm the environment, threaten public health, and entail morally dubious practices. While consumers have increasingly become aware of the implications of the global fishing industry, most still want to eat seafood. Recent advancements in food technology have resulted in the successful production of cell-cultivated fish. Grown from real fish cells, cell-cultivated seafood avoids many of the issues associated with conventional fish production. Although cell-cultivated seafood will soon be available to consumers, there is not yet consensus on a ‘common or usual name’, a requirement of the US Food and Drug Administration for novel foods. We present a public discourse analysis, and the results of two online US-based surveys (n=2,452 and n=1,839) analyzing consumer acceptance and understanding of key terms used to describe cultured fish. Adult participants were tested for knowledge and acceptability of multiple descriptive terms: Bio-crafted, Bio-Cultivated, Cell-based, Cultivated, Cultured, Molecular, and the coined term ‘Novari’. The Control was a description of the product coupled with realistic packaging a consumer may expect to find once the product is available for purchase. The discourse analysis indicated that there is no current consensus on terminology used to describe cell-cultivated meat, and that some of the most commonly-used terms currently tend to be used in a negative context. Our Phase I survey revealed that names such as ‘cell-based’ and ‘bio-crafted’ were more likely to be understood, but relatively unappealing, while names such as ‘cultivated’ and ‘Novari’ were more appealing, but less likely to be understood. Our Phase II survey further revealed that the term ‘cell-cultivated’ combined promising elements of these terms, and was subsequently more appealing than ‘cell-based’ and better-understood than both ‘cultivated’ and ‘cell-based’. That said, none of the names tested outperformed the control group in consumer ability to identify the product accurately
Predicting Progression to Severe COVID-19 Using the PAINT Score Based on Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Wang Ming , Wu Dongbo , Liu Chang-Hai , Li Yan , Hu Jianghong , Wang Wei , Jiang Wei , Zhang Qifan , Huang Zhixin , Bai Lang , Tang Hong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives: One of the major challenges in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is predicting the severity of disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that respond to viral infection and might relate to COVID-19 disease severity. Therefore, we aimed to develop a new predictive score for progression from mild/moderate to severe COVID-19 based on NK cells information. Method: In total, 239 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from two medical center in China were retrospectively included. The prognostic effects of variables, including clinical data and laboratory findings from the electronic medical records of each hospital, were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier methods. A prognostic score was developed to predict progression from mild/moderate to severe COVID-19. Results: Among the 239 patients, 216 (90.38%) patients had mild/moderate disease and 23 (9.62%) progressed to severe disease. After adjusting multiple confounding factors, pulmonary disease, age >75, IgM, CD16+/CD56+ NK cells and aspartate aminotransferase were independently predictors of progression to severe COVID-19. Based on these five factors, a new predictive score (the ‘PAINT score’) was established and showed a high predictive value (C-index = 0.91, 0.902 ± 0.021, p<0.001). The PAINT score was validated using nomogram, bootstrap internal validations, calibration curves, decision curves and clinical impact curve, all of which confirmed its high predictive value. Conclusions: The PAINT score for progression from mild/moderate to severe COVID-19 based on NK cell information may be helpful to identify patients at high risk of progression. Trial registration: None
Contributing Roles of Depression, Anxiety, and Impulsivity Dimensions in Eating Behaviors Styles in Patients Suffering From Obesity and Seeking Bariatric Surgery
Authors: BENZEROUK FARID , Guenin Monique , Gierski Fabien , Raucher-Chéné Delphine , Barrière Sarah , Bertin Eric , Kaladjian Arthur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Even if bariatric surgery is considered the most effective therapeutic approach, it is not equally successful among individuals suffering from severe obesity and candidates for this weight loss surgery. Among the factors that influence postsurgical outcomes, eating behaviors styles are known to play a key role in relapses. The aim of our study was to assess eating behaviors styles and several modulating psychopathological factors in patients suffering from obesity.Methods: Patients seeking bariatric surgery (N = 127) completed a set of standardized tools assessing eating behaviors (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), comorbid psychiatric conditions (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), depression, and anxiety scores (Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and impulsivity scores (UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale).Results: We detected significant correlations between DEBQ Emotional Eating (EmoE) and depression, state and trait anxiety, and all dimensions of impulsivity. Significant correlations were also present between DEBQ External Eating (ExtE) and depression, state and trait anxiety and UPPS-P positive urgency, lack of perseverance and sensation seeking. Regression analyses identified sex (female), trait anxiety, and lack of perseverance as explanatory factors for EmoE, and depression severity score and positive urgency for ExtE.Conclusions: EmoE might be a means of dealing with negative emotions and/or intrusive thoughts, while ExtE might result from a mechanism associated with depression. These results should help to improve patients’ outcomes by defining specific therapeutic targets in psychological interventions.
WITHDRAWN: Ultrasonography-Guided Corticosteroid Injection Combined with Versus Without Needle Knife Release of A1 Pulley for Trigger Finger
Authors: Wu Yanyan , Chen Kai , He Fanding , Quan Rongjie , Guo Xuanyan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Although corticosteroid injection remains a common first-line treatment of trigger finger, but not all cases of trigger finger respond the same. This study aims to compare the clinical effectiveness of ultrasonography-guided corticosteroid injection with and without needle knife release of A1 pulley in treating trigger finger. Methods: 49 patients with trigger fingers (55 fingers, thumb) were included in this study. 28 fingers underwent ultrasonography-guided corticosteroid injection plus needle knife release of A1 pulley (combination group), and 27 fingers underwent only ultrasonography-guided needle knife release of A1 pulley (monotherapy group). Visual analogue scale (VAS), Froimson scale, postoperative recurrence rate, and thickness of A1 pulley in pre-operation and follow-up period were recorded. Results: Higher clinical amelioration and clinical cure rate were observed in combination group at 2 weeks after treatment among patients with Froimson scale Grade III and IV (p<0.05). Among Grade IV patients, combination group had narrower thickness of A1 pulley and better pain relief at 2 weeks postoperatively (all p<0.05). There was no significant difference regarding the values of clinical amelioration rate, clinical cure rate, thickness of the A1 pulley, pain relief and recurrence rate between the two groups at 12 week and 6 months postoperatively (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasonography-guided corticosteroid injection combined with needle knife release of A1 pulley had superiority in early-stage pain relief and narrowing the thickness of A1 pulley than single needle knife release, but its medium and long-term effects were not obvious.
Comparison of Complication Rates, Fluoroscopy Exposure Time, and Functional Results of Two K-wire Fixation Methods in Distal Radius Fractures in Pediatric Patients: Could Mini-incision Technique Feasible for Orthopedic Surgeons?
Authors: TASATAN ERSIN , TEKIN Ali Cagrı 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the complications rates especially such as neuropraxia, and tendon irritation after percutaneous K-wire fixation and K-wire fixation with mini-open techniques in pediatric distal radius fractures. Secondly, we wanted to observe the differences between the functional results of the patients. Methods: In this retrospective design study, we enrolled 117 patients who were treated between March 2016- January 2019 for completely displaced fracture of the distal radius. One-hundred patients were evaluated in terms of demographic data, radiological and functional evaluations, and complications. In the first group, 50 patients were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous K wire application. In the second group; 50 patients were treated close reduction and K-wire fixation using mini-incision. In the 6th week, following the removal of the splint and pins, the range of motion (ROM) was evaluated. Additional radiographic evaluation was used to confirm remodeling, according to the amount of angulation in the fracture line. Patients were called in for functional and radiological evaluation at the 18th month. Results: There were 36 (72%) boys, 14 (28%) girls in Group 1, and 38 (76%) boys, 12 (24%) girls in Group 2. The mean ages were 11,95±1,34 years and 11,75±1,25 years in Group 1 and 2 respectively. The mean fluoroscopy time was 28,6 ±7,1 seconds in Group 1 while, 15,4±5,3 seconds in Group 2. The fluoroscopy time was significantly low in Group 2 (p=0.002). Re-displacement rates were 10% in K-wire fixation percutaneously and 4% in K-wire with mini-open group respectively and it was significantly lower in mini-open group (p=0.026).Conclusions: The mini-open incision technique had lower complication rates and fluoroscopy durations. Based on the results of this study, K-wire fixation with mini-open technique can be recommended as an alternative method for pediatric distal radius fractures.