bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obligatory medical prescription of antibiotics in Russia: Navigating formal and informal health‐care infrastructures
Authors: Kamenshchikova Alena , Fedotova Marina M. , Fedorova Olga S. , Fedosenko Sergey V. , Wolffs Petra F. G. , Hoebe Christian J. P. A. , Horstman Klasien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance control programmes often aim to “fix” the behaviour of antibiotic users and prescribers. Such behavioural interventions have been widely criticised in social science literature for being inefficient and too narrow in scope. Drawing on these criticisms, this article analyses how political programmes for fixing antibiotic behaviours were adapted into the practices of health‐care professionals and patients in Russia. In 2018, we conducted interviews with medical doctors, pharmacists and patients in a Russian city; focusing on their practices around the policy requirement introduced in 2017 which obligated medical prescriptions of antibiotics. We conceptualised the obligatory medical prescription as a political technique which sought to change practices of self‐treatment and over‐the‐counter sales of medications by establishing doctors as an obligatory passage point to access antibiotics. Our analysis shows that the requirement for medical prescriptions does not fulfil the infrastructural gaps that influence antibiotic practices. By navigating the antibiotic prescriptions, doctors, pharmacists and patients informally compensate for the gaps in the existing infrastructure creating informal networks of antibiotic care parallel to the requirement of obligatory prescriptions. Following these informal practices, we could map the inconsistencies in the current policy approaches to tackle AMR as a behavioural rather than infrastructural problem.
‘Nesef Doctora’—When mothers are considered to be ‘half‐doctors’: Self‐medication with antibiotics and gender roles in the Arab society in Israel
Authors: Khazen Maram , Guttman Nurit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study focuses on self‐medication with antibiotics as it relates to gender roles and traditions in the Arab society in Israel, a collectivist minority with defined traditional gender norms. Its findings draw on the analysis of 116 face‐to‐face interviews with 60 pharmacists, 27 primary care physicians and 29 community members, mainly mothers and unmarried women, from different geographical localities. The findings describe how mothers are assigned the role of the family health caretakers, expected to abide to a hierarchical power structure, and listen to the advice of ‘senior mothers’. These expectations can lead to mothers self‐medicating their children and themselves with antibiotics. Traditional constraints associated with sexuality were also found to compel unmarried women to self‐medicate. The findings point to a duality of power in family relations: women submit to having limited power in traditional gender roles but are accorded power as medical experts in health‐care decision‐making. The study concludes with recommendations for considering sociocultural factors of hierarchy, traditions and collectivist orientation when researching self‐care patterns and developing interventions to curtail antibiotics overuse. It also points to the importance of recognising pressures exerted on unmarried women and enabling them to use health‐care resources in their community for managing sexual health.
Is the end in sight? A study of how and why services are decommissioned in the English National Health Service
Authors: Williams Iestyn , Harlock Jenny , Robert Glenn , Kimberly John , Mannion Russell 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe decommissioning of a health‐care service is invariably a highly complex and contentious process which faces many implementation challenges. There has been little specific theorisation of this phenomena, although insights can be transferred from wider literatures on policy implementation and change processes. In this paper, we present findings from empirical case studies of three decommissioning processes initiated in the English National Health Service. We apply Levine's (1979, Public Administration Review, 39(2), 179–183) typology of decommissioning drivers and insights from the empirical literature on pluralistic health‐care contexts, complex change processes and institutional constraints. Data include interviews, non‐participant observation and documents analysis. Alongside familiar patterns of pluralism and political partisanship, our results suggest the important role played by institutional factors in determining the outcome of decommissioning processes and in particular the prior requirement of political vulnerability for services to be successfully closed. Factors linked to the extent of such vulnerability include the scale of the proposed changes and extent to which they are supported at the macrolevel.
Ambivalent anticipation: How people with Alzheimer’s disease value diagnosis in current and envisioned future practices
Authors: Nielsen Karen Dam , Boenink Marianne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmergent biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are expected to provide earlier and more precise diagnoses. However, even if biomarkers live up to these expectations, it cannot be taken for granted that patients actually would value an earlier and more precise AD diagnosis. Based on an interview study, we aim to give more insight into the value of an AD diagnosis for patients, in existing as well as future practices, by describing how a diagnosis enables or may enable knowing, foreseeing, and acting in relation to one's illness. Our findings show that how people with AD value a diagnosis is not only characterised by great variety, as previous studies have shown, but also by profound ambivalence for the individual. With lack of treatment and poor prognostics as the status quo, this ambivalence and the way people deal with it are particularly linked to the far‐from‐straightforward capacity of an AD diagnosis to support anticipation of the future. We argue that in otherwise unchanged practices the envisioned future biomarker‐based diagnostics are unlikely to reduce the ambivalence about receiving an AD diagnosis and, in particular, the challenges of anticipation that it entails. Rather, biomarker‐based innovations may even reinforce some of the main issues involved.
Peer conversation about substance (mis)use
Authors: Pillet‐Shore Danielle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhat happens when a friend starts talking about her own substance use and misuse? This article provides the first investigation of how substance use is spontaneously topicalized in naturally occurring conversation. It presents a detailed analysis of a rare video‐recorded interaction showing American English‐speaking university students talking about their own substance (mis)use in a residential setting. During this conversation, several substance (mis)use informings are disclosed about one participant, and this study elucidates whatoccasionseach disclosure, and how participantsrespondto each disclosure. This research shows how participants use casual conversation to offer important substance (mis)use information to their friends and cohabitants, tacitly recruiting their surveillance. Analysis also uncovers how an emerging adult peer group enacts informal social control, locally (re‐)constituting taken‐for‐granted social norms and the participants’ social relationships, to on the one handpromotealcohol use while, on the other hand endeavouring topreventone member from engaging in continued pain medication misuse. This article thus illuminates ordinary peer conversation as an important site for continued sociological research on substance (mis)use and prevention.
A COVID‐19 pandemic‐specific, structured care process for peritoneal dialysis patients facilitated by telemedicine: Therapy continuity, prevention, and complications management
Authors: Polanco Elianny , Aquey Mercedes , Collado Jhanna , Campos Erwin , Guzman Janny , Cuevas‐Budhart Miguel Angel , Divino‐Filho José Carolino , Ramos‐Sanchez Alfonso 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been declared a pandemic. Peritoneal dialysis (PD), being a home therapy, allows for physical distancing measures and movement restrictions. In order to prevent COVID‐19 contagioun among the Dominican Republic National Health System PD program patients, a follow‐up virtual protocol for this group was developed. The aim of this study is to outline the protocol established by the PD program's healthcare team using telemedicine in order to avoid COVID‐19 transmission and to report initial results and outcomes of this initiative. This is an observational prospective longitudinal study with 946 patients being treated in seven centers distributed throughout the country between April 1 and June 30. The protocol was implemented focusing on the patient follow‐up; risk mitigation data were registered and collected from electronic records. During the follow‐up period, 95 catheters were implanted, 64 patients initiated PD, and the remaining were in training. A total of 9532 consultations were given by the different team specialists, with 8720 (91%) virtual and 812 (9%) face‐to‐face consultations. The transfer rate to hemodialysis was 0.29%, whereas the peritonitis rate was 0.11 episode per patient/year. Eighteen adults tested positive for COVID‐19. The implementation of the protocol and telemedicine utilization have ensured follow‐up and monitoring, preserved therapy, controlled complications, and PD lives protected.
Malignant priapism in metastatic adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal origin: A 18F‐FDG PET/CT study
Authors: Liu Geoffrey , Patel Mihir 
Published: February 2021

SummaryPriapism is described as a persistent and non‐sexual erection. It is a rare presenting complaint with a wide range of aetiologies. Malignant priapism was first used to describe persistent erections secondary to neoplastic infiltration of the penis by Peacock in 1938.
Effects of experimental land management on habitat use by Eurasian Stone‐curlews
Authors: Hawkes R. W. , Smart J. , Brown A. , Green R. E. , Jones H. , Dolman P. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEffective conservation is often informed by focal species studies to identify beneficial land management interventions. For nocturnal or cryptic species, quantifying habitat use across individually marked animals can allow unbiased assessment of intervention efficacy and identify other important habitats. Here, using a landscape‐scale experiment, we examine whether interventions intended to create nesting habitat for the largely nocturnal Eurasian Stone‐curlew Burhinus oedicnemus within semi‐natural grassland also provide foraging habitat. GPS loggers were fitted to five adult Stone‐curlews during the breeding season within an extensive area of semi‐natural grassland (3850 ha, hereafter ‘grassland’), surrounded by a mosaic of arable cropland (total study area 118 600 ha). The largely closed‐sward grassland was diversified by experimental ground‐disturbance plots (the intervention) prior to this study. We used the GPS fixes to identify 1881 foraging locations (510 during nesting and 1371 post‐breeding) across the grassland and surrounding landscape. Most foraging locations were close to the nest‐site during the nesting period (90% within 1 km) or day‐roost during post‐breeding (90% within 5 km), but birds travelled up to 4.1 km from these sites during nesting and 13 km post‐breeding. Stone‐curlews were two‐ (by night) or three‐times (by day) more likely to select disturbed‐grassland over unmodified grassland for foraging during nesting, and c. 15 times more likely to do so post‐breeding. Spring‐sown crops and pig fields or manure heaps were also selected over grassland for nocturnal foraging. Given that central place foraging occurs in this species, conservation efforts that promote breeding attempts through ground‐disturbance should ensure suitable foraging habitat is near the nest (<1 km). Creating multiple areas of disturbed‐ground close to the edge of large grassland blocks can provide a network of nesting and foraging habitats, while allowing access to foraging habitats on the surrounding arable farmland. Similar interventions may benefit other disturbance associated grassland waders.
Treatment of fingertip defect with reversed digital artery island flap through superficial vein anastomosis
Authors: Lan Xianfeng , Huang Yuming , Guo Liang , Lin Jingui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study prospectively explored the clinical effect of a reversed digital artery island flap (RDAIF) in repairing fingertip defects and the impact of the anastomosis of superficial veins in the recipient area on the incidence of venous crisis.MethodsA total of 92 patients with fingertip defects who underwent RDAIF from February 2016 to February 2018 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Of these, 44 patients underwent superficial vein anastomosis. The perioperative data, clinical efficacy and complications of the two groups were compared by the chi‐squared test and binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe average follow‐up time was 7.0 ± 2.9 months. The incidence of venous congestion was significantly correlated with flap size, surgical time and anastomosis of superficial veins (Wald = 6.512, 9.353 and 11.662; P = 0.011, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The fingertips of the two groups of patients were well repaired, wear resistant and stable in holding, and the two‐point discrimination was 5–8 mm.ConclusionRDAIF is a safe and effective method for the treatment of fingertip defects, especially in patients who require maintenance of function or contour of the fingertip. Anastomosis of the superficial veins and reduction of the flap area and surgical time can significantly reduce the incidence of venous congestion.
Understanding the appeal of libertarianism: Gender and race differences in the endorsement of libertarian principles
Authors: Lizotte Mary‐Kate , Warren Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is a stereotype of libertarians being young, college educated, white men and that the Libertarian Party lacks appeal among women and individuals of color. There is a great deal of research investigating gender differences in public opinion on a number of issues including the provision of government resources and government spending (Barnes and Cassese; Howell and Day). Nevertheless, there is no work specifically investigating why women and nonwhites do not find libertarianism appealing. We test several hypotheses using 2016 American National Election Study data and 2013 PRRI data. We find a sizeable and significant gender gap and race gap in support for libertarian principles. We investigate several explanations for these gaps finding moderate support for self‐interest, racial attitudes, and egalitarianism as reasons for women and African Americans being less supportive of Libertarian Principles. We believe that the modest success of and media attention garnered by Ron Paul and Rand Paul in recent years along with the success of the Libertarian Party presidential ticket in 2016 highlights the need to understand who is drawn to libertarianism and why.1
Costing alcohol‐related assault in the night‐time economy from a societal perspective: The case of Central Sydney
Authors: Deeming Simon , Kypri Kypros 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is a concern in many countries about violence from late‐night alcohol sales and appropriate regulatory responses. However, economic losses arising from this activity rarely feature in public debate. Credible estimates are lacking because economic evaluations have not taken a ‘societal perspective’, costing health, policing and criminal justice outcomes. Our aims were to: (i) develop an analytic model capable of informing cost–benefit analysis of policy changes; and (ii) estimate costs of alcohol‐related assault (ARA) in a major city.MethodsWe employed decision‐analytic cohort models of health and judicial consequences of ARA in Sydney, Australia. We constructed two 6‐branch decision‐analytic models of patient and offender pathways through the health and judicial systems. We produced overall estimates and analysed their sensitivity to key assumptions.ResultsCombining results from aHealthmodel comprising 40 pathways and 137 cost events, and aJusticemodel comprising 20 pathways and 48 cost events, yielded an overall cost estimate of $85 093 per ARA, of which 64% was health‐related, while 36% was justice‐related. Estimates were sensitive to values assigned for ‘pain, suffering, morbidity and wellbeing’, and to costs of incarceration. Health service‐related costs accounted for 1.3% of the total.Discussion and ConclusionThe costs of ARA are significant and dominated by incidents in which a victim does not necessarily receive acute medical care but suffers loss in quality‐of‐life, and where a perpetrator is processed through the criminal justice system. Being derived transparently, within a theoretical framework, the estimates are adaptable to inform cost–benefit analyses of policy options in Australia and other countries.
Good, homely, troublesome or improving? Historical geographies of drinking places, c. 1850–1950
Authors: Kneale James 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper surveys historical geographies of drinking places designed for the consumption of alcohol between about 1850 and 1950, covering work published in English on sites in Europe, Russia, the Americas, and parts of Britain's empire. Five key aspects of drinking places are identified. The paper first considers them as significant social spaces associated with positive conceptions of both the public sphere and public space before exploring the ways in which drink became a spatial problem for contemporary observers, both in terms of their internal design and layout, and in their arrangements and concentrations in space. Histories and historical geographies of workers and patrons in these sites then suggest that the spatial problems associated with drink might also be classed, gendered, racialized, and sexualized. The last two sections of the paper review work on aspects of drinking places shared across many different social and geographical contexts: licensing and the provision of highly regulated ‘improved' sites for the consumption of alcohol. Similarities across many different contexts may reflect common social patterns or the development of shared strategies for reform. The conclusion suggests a few areas that might be developed.
The Wellness Quest: A health literacy and self‐advocacy tool developed by youth for youth mental health
Authors: Syan Asavari , Lam Janice Y. Y. , Huang Christal G. L. , Smith Maverick S. M. , Darnay Karleigh , Hawke Lisa D. , Henderson Joanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLess than 20% of youth who experience mental health difficulties access and receive appropriate treatment. This is exacerbated by barriers such as stigma, confidentiality concerns and lack of mental health literacy. A youth team developed the Wellness Quest: a health literacy tool to enable help‐seeking youth to advocate for themselves.ObjectiveTo evaluate the content, presentation and utility of the Wellness Quest tool among youth.ParticipantsParticipants aged 14 to 26.MethodsA youth research team conducted five focus groups and one online survey to evaluate the Wellness Quest tool. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data, and descriptive statistics were used to explore the survey results.Main resultsOverall evaluations of the Wellness Quest were positive: participants felt it would be useful during their mental health help‐seeking journey. Participants expressed the need for information about services for specific populations, such as Indigenous, immigrants, refugees and 2SLGBTQ + youth. They expressed that the tool should be available in complementary online and print versions.DiscussionImproving mental health literacy may improve mental health by enabling youth and those who support them to recognize and respond to signs of distress and understanding where and how to get help. The Wellness Quest tool may equip youth with the knowledge to make informed decisions and advocate for their own mental health, thereby facilitating help‐seeking among youth.Patient or public contributionYouth as service users led all stages of the project, from designing and conducting the study and analysing the data to writing the manuscript.
Genetic relationships between feed efficiency and gut microbiome in pig lines selected for residual feed intake
Authors: Aliakbari Amir , Zemb Olivier , Billon Yvon , Barilly Céline , Ahn Ingrid , Riquet Juliette , Gilbert Hélène 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the genetic relationship between faecal microbial composition and five feed efficiency (FE) and production traits, residual feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG) and backfat thickness (BFT). A total of 588 samples from two experimental pig lines developed by divergent selection for RFI were sequenced for the 16 rRNA hypervariable V3‐V4 region. The 75 genera with less than 20% zero values (97% of the counts) and two α‐diversity indexes were analysed. Line comparison of the microbiota traits and estimations of heritability (h2) and genetic correlations (rg) were analysed. A non‐metric multidimensional scaling showed line differences between genera. The α‐diversity indexes were higher in the LRFI line than in the HRFI line (p < .01), with h2 estimates of 0.19 ± 0.08 (Shannon) and 0.12 ± 0.06 (Simpson). Forty‐eight genera had a significant h2 (>0.125). The rg of the α‐diversities indexes with production traits were negative. Some rg of genera belonging to the Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Rikenellaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae families significantly differed from zero (p < .05) with FE traits, RFI (3), DFI (7) and BFT (11). These results suggest that a sizable part of the variability of the gut microbial community is under genetic control and has genetic relationships with FE, including diversity indicators. It offers promising perspectives for selection for feed efficiency using gut microbiome composition in pigs.
Insights into salvianolic acid B biosynthesis from chromosome‐scale assembly of the Salvia bowleyana genome
Authors: Zheng Xuehai , Chen Duo , Chen Binghua , Liang Limin , Huang Zhen , Fan Wenfang , Chen Jiannan , He Wenjin , Chen Huibin , Huang Luqiang , Chen Youqiang , Zhu Jinmao , Xue Ting 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSalvia bowleyana is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that is a source of nutritional supplements rich in salvianolic acid B and a potential experimental system for the exploration of salvianolic acid B biosynthesis in the Labiatae. Here, we report a high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome assembly of S. bowleyana covering 462.44 Mb, with a scaffold N50 value of 57.96 Mb and 44,044 annotated protein‐coding genes. Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time between S. bowleyana and its close relative S. miltiorrhiza of ~3.94 million years. We also observed evidence of a whole‐genome duplication in the S. bowleyana genome. Transcriptome analysis showed that SbPAL1 (PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA‐LYASE1) is highly expressed in roots relative to stem and leaves, paralleling the location of salvianolic acid B accumulation. The laccase gene family in S. bowleyana outnumbered their counterparts in both S. miltiorrhiza and Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that the gene family has undergone expansion in S. bowleyana. Several laccase genes were also highly expressed in roots, where their encoded proteins may catalyze the oxidative reaction from rosmarinic acid to salvianolic acid B. These findings provide an invaluable genomic resource for understanding salvianolic acid B biosynthesis and its regulation, and will be useful for exploring the evolution of the Labiatae.