bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Multicenter Predictive Nomograms for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer After Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Zhu Xiaofei , Liu Wenyu , Cao Yangsen , Su Tingshi , Zhu Xixu , Wang Yiyang , Ju Xiaoping , Zhao Xianzhi , Jiang Lingong , Ye Yusheng , Zhang Huojun 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveDue to common practice of hypofractionated radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer and heterogeneous chemotherapy regimens in previous studies, modified nomograms are required. Therefore, we aim to develop and validate prognostic nomograms for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and chemotherapy.MethodsThe development cohort comprised 925 patients with LAPC receiving SBRT and gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in our center, while 297 patients from another two centers formed the validation cohort. Nomograms were created from COX models and internally validated by bootstrap. Model discriminations were evaluated by calibration plots and concordance index (C-index). A decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to evaluate clinical benefits of nomograms. Additionally, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used for stratifications of survival probability based on the total score of each patient calculated by nomograms.ResultsWeight loss, tumor diameter, radiation dose, CA19-9 kinetics after treatment and surgical resection were included in the nomogram for overall survival (OS), while the five factors plus performance status formed the nomogram for progression free survival (PFS). The corrected C-indexes for estimated 1-year and 2-year OS of the development cohort were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.91) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.90). For those of the validation cohort, it was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82-0.94) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74-0.91). Additionally, the corrected C-index for predicted 1-year PFS in the development and validation cohort was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.81-0.86) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.87), respectively. The calibration plots showed good agreement of 1- and 2-year OS and 1-year PFS between the estimations and actual observations. Potential clinical benefits were demonstrated with DCA. Additionally, for 1- and 2-year OS and 1-year PFS, patients were stratified into four groups with different survival probability by RPA.ConclusionThe validated nomograms provided useful predictions of OS and PFS for LAPC with chemoradiotherapy.
Recommendation for a Pilot MCDA Tool to Support the Value-Based Purchasing of Generic Medicines in the UAE
Authors: Farghaly Mohamed Naser , Al Dallal Sara Ahmad Mohammad , Fasseeh Ahmad Nader , Monsef Nahed AbdulKhaleq , Suliman Eldaw Abdalla Mohamed Ali , Tahoun Mohamed Attia , Abaza Sherif , Kaló Zoltán 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:In recent periods the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has strengthened economic measures in its pharmaceutical policy by promoting local manufacturing and facilitating the use of generic medicines. International examples indicate the importance of quality control elements in the implementation of cost containment policies. Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is increasingly used in health care to facilitate health care decision based on multiple objectives. Our objective was to develop a pilot MCDA tool for repeated use to support the value-based purchasing of generic medicines in the UAE.Methods:An international evidence framework was adapted to UAE in a multistakeholder workshop organized by Dubai Health Authority. After validating the relevance of nine criteria in the local jurisdiction, participants decided the ranking and weight of each criterion by anonymous voting.Results:The top four criteria focused on quality elements starting with real-world clinical or economic outcomes (with 19.8% weight), followed by the quality assurance of manufacturing (17.3%), then evidence on the equivalence with the original product (14.8%), and drug formulation and stability (12.3%). The pharmaceutical acquisition cost criteria ranked fifth with 9.4% weight. The bottom four criteria, including reliability of drug supply, macroeconomic benefit, pharmacovigilance and added value services related to the product had similar weights in the range of 5.5–7.7%.Conclusion:Policy-makers in Dubai put high emphasis of value-based health care by incentivizing manufacturers of off-patent pharmaceuticals to generate additional scientific evidence compared to the mandatory minimum and acknowledging efforts to improve quality standards. The MCDA tool is considered suitable to improve the transparency and consistency of decision making in UAE for off-patent pharmaceuticals, and subsequently for other health technologies.
Complexes with Atomic Gold Ions: Efficient Bis-Ligand Formation
Authors: Duensing Felix , Gruber Elisabeth , Martini Paul , Goulart Marcelo , Gatchell Michael , Rasul Bilal , Echt Olof , Zappa Fabio , Mahmoodi-Darian Masoomeh , Scheier Paul 
Published: June 2021

Complexes of atomic gold with a variety of ligands have been formed by passing helium nanodroplets (HNDs) through two pickup cells containing gold vapor and the vapor of another dopant, namely a rare gas, a diatomic molecule (H2, N2, O2, I2, P2), or various polyatomic molecules (H2O, CO2, SF6, C6H6, adamantane, imidazole, dicyclopentadiene, and fullerene). The doped HNDs were irradiated by electrons; ensuing cations were identified in a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Anions were detected for benzene, dicyclopentadiene, and fullerene. For most ligands L, the abundance distribution of AuLn+ versus size n displays a remarkable enhancement at n = 2. The propensity towards bis-ligand formation is attributed to the formation of covalent bonds in Au+L2 which adopt a dumbbell structure, L-Au+-L, as previously found for L = Xe and C60. Another interesting observation is the effect of gold on the degree of ionization-induced intramolecular fragmentation. For most systems gold enhances the fragmentation, i.e., intramolecular fragmentation in AuLn+ is larger than in pure Ln+. Hydrogen, on the other hand, behaves differently, as intramolecular fragmentation in Au(H2)n+ is weaker than in pure (H2)n+ by an order of magnitude.
Silenced Voices
Authors: Bladini Moa 
Published: June 2021

In this article I examine from a legal point of view some of the consequences for women, and hence for society in general, of online sexist and misogynist abuse in a Swedish context. I argue that one effect is that women’s living space online is demarcated and ultimately, that it threatens women’s possibilities to participate in public debate online. An everyday life perspective and the continuum of sexual violence, both part of a feminist legal perspective, are used as a theoretical framework to show how online abuse is silencing women. The situation demands action from the state, in order to safeguard freedom of expression and, consequently, democracy. I argue that in this particular situation, two basic aspects of freedom of expression collide: the one most emphasised, the prohibition of censorship, and the less acknowledged aspect, i.e. a diversity of voices. Deficient ways to handle sexist and misogynist online abuse leads to indirect censorship where women’s voices are silenced. Hence, the state must take action not to fail to guarantee justice for all. There are many initiatives addressing problems of online abuse, both internationally and nationally. In this article I seek to capture and examine the Swedish policy and legal regulation (criminal law and freedom of expression) in this area to sketch the legal situation, to highlight ongoing initiatives and pointing out lacunas and obstacles that needs to be dealt with to guarantee a diversity of voices.
Los Albergues para Migrantes en México frente al COVID-19: el caso de Mexicali, Baja California.
Authors: Ramirez Meda Kenia Maria , Moreno Gutiérrez Adriana Teresa 
Published: June 2021

El artículo analiza la situación de los albergues que alojan a migrantes en la ciudad fronteriza de Mexicali, B.C lo anterior derivado la suspensión de fondos por parte del gobierno a estas organizaciones de la sociedad civil y el posicionamiento de B.C como uno de los epicentros de la pandemia. a estrategia metodológica es de corte mixto, por medio de la revisión documental se establecen los indicadores que refieren los parámetros mínimos de operación que deben ser adoptados por los albergues ante el COVID-19 para posteriormente elaborar trabajo de campo por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave. En los resultados y conclusiones se evidencia la falta de voluntad política y de mecanismos de coordinación del gobierno hacia estas organizaciones, lo que agudiza la situación de vulnerabilidad de los migrantes.
Hidden Words Statistics for Large Patterns
Authors: Janson Svante , Szpankowski Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

We study here the so called subsequence pattern matching also known as hidden pattern matching in which one searches for a given pattern $w$ of length $m$ as a subsequence in a random text of length $n$. The quantity of interest is the number of occurrences of $w$ as a subsequence (i.e., occurring in not necessarily consecutive text locations). This problem finds many applications from intrusion detection, to trace reconstruction, to deletion channel, and to DNA-based storage systems. In all of these applications, the pattern $w$ is of variable length. To the best of our knowledge this problem was only tackled for a fixed length $m=O(1)$. In our main result we prove that for $m=o(n^{1/3})$ the number of subsequence occurrences is normally distributed. In addition, we show that under some constraints on the structure of $w$ the asymptotic normality can be extended to $m=o(\sqrt{n})$. For a special pattern $w$ consisting of the same symbol, we indicate that for $m=o(n)$ the distribution of number of subsequences is either asymptotically normal or asymptotically log normal. After studying some special patterns (e.g., alternating) we conjecture that this dichotomy is true for all patterns. We use Hoeffding's projection method for $U$-statistics to prove our findings.
Fleetite, Cu2RhIrSb2, a New Species of Platinum-Group Mineral from the Miass Placer Zone, Southern Urals, Russia
Authors: Barkov Andrei Y. , Bindi Luca , Tamura Nobumichi , Martin Robert F. , Ma Chi , Winkler Björn , Shvedov Gennadiy I. , Morgenroth Wolfgang 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Fleetite, Cu2RhIrSb2, a new species of platinum-group mineral (PGM), was discovered intergrown with an Os–Ir–Ru alloy in the Miass Placer Zone (Au–PGE), southern Urals, Russia. A single grain 50 μm across was found. Osmium, ruthenium, and iridium are the main associated minerals; also present are Pt–Fe alloys, laurite, Sb-rich irarsite, Rh-rich tolovkite, kashinite, anduoite, ferronickelplatinum, heazlewoodite, PGE-bearing pentlandite and digenite, as well as micrometric inclusions of forsterite (Fo93.7), chromite–magnesiochromite, and Mg-rich edenite. In reflected light, fleetite is light gray; it is opaque, isotropic, non-pleochroic, and non-bireflectant. We report reflectance values measured in air. A mean of seven point-analyses (wavelength-dispersive spectrometry) gave Cu 13.93, Ni 8.60, Fe 0.10, Ir 28.07, Rh 7.91, Ru 1.96, Sb 39.28, total 99.85 wt.%, corresponding to (Cu1.41Ni0.58Fe0.01)Σ2.00(Rh0.49Ni0.36Ru0.12)Σ0.97Ir0.95Sb2.08 on the basis of six atoms per formula unit, taking into account the structural results. The calculated density is 10.83 g/cm3. Single-crystal X-ray studies show that fleetite is cubic, space group Fdm (#227), a = 11.6682(8) Å, V = 1588.59(19) Å3, and Z = 16. A least-squares refinement of X-ray powder-diffraction data gave a = 11.6575(5) Å and V = 1584.22(19) Å3. The strongest five reflections in the powder pattern [d in Å(I)(hkl)] are: 6.70(75)(111), 4.13(100)(220), 3.52(30)(311), 2.380(50)(422), 2.064(40)(440). Results of synchrotron micro-Laue diffraction experiments are consistent [a = 11.66(2) Å]. The crystal structure of fleetite was solved and refined to R = 0.0340 based upon 153 reflections with Fo &gt; 4σ(Fo). It is isotypic with Pd11Bi2Se2 and best described as intermetallic, with all metal atoms in 12-fold coordination. Fleetite and other late exotic phases were formed by reaction of the associated alloy phases with a fluid phase enriched in Sb, As, and S in circulation in the cooling ophiolite source-rock. The mineral is named after Michael E. Fleet (1938–2017) in recognition of his significant contributions to the Earth Sciences.
The Dwarf Nova V893 Sco Does Not Have a Giant Planet
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E. , Hambsch Franz-Josef 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
V893 Sco is an ordinary dwarf nova, with a narrow eclipse that allows for exact timings of minima. These eclipse times have been used to seek variations (compared to a linear ephemeris) by placement onto a traditional O − C diagram. Bruch collected 114 eclipse times from 1999 to 2013, and noted that the residuals in his O − C diagram had an apparent sinusoidal variation with a period of 10.2 yr. After rejecting a variety of possibilities, Bruch settled on the explanation that the binary was orbited by a planet with the mass of 9.5 Jupiters. We have tested this planet proposal by extending the O − C curve to 2014 and 2020–2021. For this, we measured 987 eclipse times in 2014 with the K2 mission, plus we measured 305 eclipse times in 2020 and 2021 with a remotely controlled observatory in the Atacama. We find that the O − C curve suffers a sharp break (from Bruch’s sinewave) to a shorter period after 2013. Thus, the planet-hypothesis has failed.
High genotypic diversity of Rhinoviruses obtained from Tunisian children with severe acute respiratory infection
Authors: Haddad-Boubaker Sondes , Mefteh Khaoula , Mejri Chaima , Bouaffsoun Aida , El Moussi Awatef , Boutiba Ilhem , Mnif Khaled , Slim Amin , Kechrid Amel , Smaoui Hanen 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Rhinoviruses (HRV) are among the leading causes of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI). Their burden and genetic diversity vary from one region to another and little is known in Northern African regions. This study describes epidemiological patterns and genotypic diversity of HRV in SARI cases during a two and half year’s study, in Northern Tunisia.
Methodology: A total of 271 SARI cases, admitted into the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Bechir Hamza Children's Hospital in Tunis, were collected between September 2015 and December 2017. The investigation concerned 104 samples positive for HRV and/or HEV (Human Enterovirus) obtained among these cases. Specific HRV and HEV detections were assessed by real-time PCRs. The HRV molecular typing was based on the VP4-VP2 genomic region analyses.
Results: Among the viral SARI cases, 33.5% and 12.3% were positive for HRV and HEV respectively. Molecular investigations showed high prevalence of HRV-A (63.3%) followed by HRV-C (30.6%) and HRV-B (6.1%) and high genotypic diversity with 27 types. HRV cases were mostly detected in toddlers younger than 6 months. A total of 16 cases (28%) were found with bacterial and/or viral co-infection. HRV-C infection and HRV-A with bacterial co-infection were associated with complicated infection. Some of the detected types showed a continuous circulation or turnover during an extended period. HRV-A101 and HRV-C45 were the most frequently detected types.
Conclusions: This study revealed, for the first time, the high HRV diversity in Tunisia, a North-African region. Specific phylogenetic investigations may help to evaluate their diversity and to trace their spread and epidemiological origin.
Trends of Epidemiological and Demographic Indicators of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Gupta Manoj Kumar , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Saurabh Suman , Misra Sanjeev 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: This study was planned to assess the trends of epidemiological indicators and demographic determinants related to the COVID-19 in India.
Methodology: This was a descriptive analysis of the COVID-19 cases and their outcomes between 1st March to 31st May 2020 in India. Unpaired t-test and ANOVA were used to determine the statistical differences. Linear regression models were prepared to estimate the effect of testing on the fatalities. The Infection Fatality Rate (IFR)/Case Fatality Rate (CFR), doubling time, and Basic Reproduction Number (R0) per week were calculated.
Results: Two-thirds of the cases were between 21-50 years of age, while three-fourth of deaths were among people above 50-years of age. The mean age of people infected with COVID-19 was declining throughout the study period. The mean age of infected males and females was significantly different. The male-female ratio of both infection and deaths due to COVID-19 was near about 2:1. IFR/CFR was 3.31 (95% CI = 3.13-3.50) in April, which reduced to 2.84 (95% CI = 2.77-2.92) in May. An incremental trend was observed in the recovery rates (9.42% to 48.18%), tests conducted / million population (12 / million to 2708 / million) and doubling time (3.59 to 17.71 days). The number of tests was significantly influencing the fatalities (β = 0.016, 95% CI = 0.012-0.020). The overall R0 was found to be 1.72.
Conclusions: Public health interventions were likely effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. There is a need to further improve the testing capacity. The high-risk category of individuals being prioritized for hospital admission should be redefined to include individuals older than 50 years.
Determinants of Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in four treatment centers of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: A case-control study
Authors: Oumer Nuredin , Atnafu Desta Debalkie , Worku Getasew Taddesse , Tsehay Asmamaw Ketemaw 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Tuberculosis is the major global burden of disease contributing about 2% of the global challenges. Poor tuberculosis treatment increased risk of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis occurence. Thus, we aimed to identify determinants of mult-drug resistant tuberclosis in treatment centers of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia.
Methodology: Facility based unmatched case-control study was employed in East Amhara, Ethiopia. Cases were tuberculosis patients confirmed for mult-drug resistant tuberclosis while controls were tuberculosis patients with confirmed tuberculosis but susceptible to first line drugs. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was conducted to identify diterminants at level of statistical significance p < 0.05.
Results: We enrolled 450 tuberculosis patients. Rural residents (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 1.4-6.0; p = 0.024), family size greater than five (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.6; p = 0.0098), having single room (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI:1.8-9.0; p = 0.027), room without window (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.6-8.5); p = 0.043), contact history of known mult-drug resistant tuberclosis patient (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.2-12.0; p = 0.02), history of tuberculosis treatment (AOR = 5.7, 95%CI: 2.6-12.9; p = 0.008), window opening practice (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4-9.8; p = 0.005), tuberculosis treatment failure (AOR = 7.3, 95% CI: 5.2-7.8; p = 0.035) and tuberculosis relapse (AOR = 5,95% CI: 1.6-15.2; p = 0.019) were determinants of mult-drug resistant tuberclosis.
Conclusions: Socio-demographic (residence, family size), environmental (number of rooms, number of windows in a room, opening window practice) and clinical (history of tuberculosis treatment, treatment failure and having contact with known tuberculosis patient) variables were the identified determinants for increased multi-drug resistance tuberculosis.
Epidemic Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 incidence in ICU patients admitted to a university hospital in Istanbul
Authors: Unlu Ozge , Ersoz Berken Rabun , Istanbullu Tosun Ayse , Demirci Mehmet 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (ST258) strains are globally distributed multi-drug resistant pathogens and can spread rapidly throughout the world, causing severe healthcare-associated invasive infections with limited antimicrobial treatment options. The aim of this study was to reveal the incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 strains among the intensive care unit patients in a university hospital in Istanbul.
Methodology: Consecutive nonreplicated 83 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from various clinical samples of intensive care unit patients admitted to a university hospital in Istanbul, between November 2016 to December 2018. Bacterial identifications were performed via VITEK2. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted with Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion test except for colistin which was performed with broth microdilution. Real-time PCR method was utilized in order to reveal ST258 positivity among the strains.
Results: Antimicrobial susceptibility results revealed that 56 (67%) K. pneumoniae strains were carbapenem-resistant. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that 15 out of 83 (18%) K.pneumoniae strain were ST258. According to antimicrobial susceptibility test results of ST258 strains, 8 were found as carbapenem-resistant whereas 7 were found as carbapenem susceptible. 3 out of 8 (37.5%) carbapenem-resistant ST258 strains were found as resistant against all antibiotics tested.
Conclusions: Our study revealed that K. pneumoniae ST258 which caused severe infections worldwide so far has also spread to Istanbul. We believe that rapid molecular methods for monitorization of these clones are useful. our results showed that ST258 is not linked to a multi-resistant strain and suggested that it does not contribute to multi-resistance formation alone.
Tissue-Specific Contributions to Control of T Cell Immunity
Authors: Poholek Amanda C 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
T cells are critical for orchestrating appropriate adaptive immune responses and maintaining homeostasis in the face of persistent nonpathogenic Ags. T cell function is controlled in part by environmental signals received upon activation and derived from the tissue environment in which Ag is encountered. Indeed, tissue-specific environments play important roles in controlling the T cell response to Ag, and recent evidence suggests that tissue draining lymph nodes can mirror those local differences. Thus, tissue-specific immunity may begin at priming in secondary lymph nodes, where local signals have an important role in T cell fate. In this study, we discuss the tissue-specific signals that may impact T cell differentiation and function, including the microbiome, metabolism, and tissue-specific innate cell imprinting. We argue that these individual contributions create tissue-specific niches that likely play important roles in T cell differentiation and function controlling the outcome of the response to Ags.