bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postural Habits and Joint and Muscle Pain of Iranian School-Aged Students Undergoing Virtual Classes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Bagherian Sajad , Baker Julien 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The current lifestyle, with its growing use of contemporary technologies, has resulted in changes in people's behavior, causing them to become increasingly sedentary and to develop unhealthy body habits. An essential variable determining an individual's physical and emotional well-being is posture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the postural habits and any related joint and muscle pain among school-aged students in Iran during the COVID-19 quarantine.
Methods
The present study used a cross-sectional methodology. An online survey was utilized to measure participants' postural habits and joint and muscle pain during the COVID-19 quarantine in Iran. Participants self-reported their postural habits and any joint and muscle pain during the COVID-19 epidemic. A chi-square test was used to determine the differences in the distribution of the participant responses (P < 0.05).
Results
The survey was completed by 43,660 school-aged students (15,532 boys and 28,128 girls; ages 8–17 years). The results indicated that 57% of the students reported that they did not maintain correct posture while taking virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed the following postural details, leaning forward (28%), leaning backward (11%) or curving (18%) during virtual classes. The majority of respondents (54%) reported feeling some joint or muscle pain while taking virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The greatest pain was reported in the neck (28%), upper back (14%) and lower back (13%).
Conclusion
These findings can help inform efforts to protect and promote children's health and posture during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the reopening of schools following the quarantine period, the findings from this study indicate that screening students for health risks such as body postural status will be necessary.
Dynamical Downscaling Projections of Late 21st Century U.S. Landfalling Hurricane Activity
Authors: Knutson Thomas R , Sirutis Joseph J. , Bender Morris A. , Tuleya Robert E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
U.S. landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) activity was projected for late 21st century conditions using a two-step dynamical downscaling framework. A regional atmospheric model, run for 27 seasons, generated tropical storm cases. Each storm case was re-simulated (up to 15 days) using the higher resolution GFDL hurricane model. Thirteen CMIP3 or CMIP5 modeled climate change projections were explored as scenarios. Robustness of projections was assessed using statistical significance tests and comparing the sign of changes derived from different models. The proportion of TCs (tropical storms and hurricanes) making U.S. landfall increases for the warming scenarios (by order 50% or more). For category 1-3 hurricane frequency, a robust decrease is projected (basin-wide), but robust changes are not projected for U.S. landfalling cases. A relatively robust increase in U.S. landfalling category 4-5 hurricane frequency is projected, averaging about +400% across the models; 10 of 13 models/ensembles project an increase (statistically significant in three individual models), while three models projected no change. The most robust projections overall for U.S. landfalling TC activity are for increased near-storm rainfall rates: these increases average +18% (all tropical storms and hurricanes), +26% (all hurricanes), and +37% (major hurricanes). Landfalling hurricane wind speed intensities show no robust signal, in contrast to a ~5% increase in basin-averaged TC intensity; basin-wide Power Dissipation Index (PDI) is projected to decrease, partly due to decreased duration. TC translation speed increases a few percent in most simulations. A caveat is the framework’s low correlation of modeled U.S. TC landfalls vs. observed interannual variations (1980-2016).
Transient Tourniquet and Electro-cauterization applied for Surgery in Metacarpal Fractures Under Local Anesthesia with Epinephrine
Authors: XIE Ren-Guo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background : The purpose of this study is to illustrate whether the electro-cauterization and transient tourniquet enhanced efficiency of local anesthesia with epinephrine in surgery of metacarpal fractures. Methods : Forty-four consecutive cases of metacarpal fractures with estimated major operative time more than 30 minutes were enrolled. Local anesthesia with epinephrine, electro-cauterization and transient tourniquet were performed. Data regarding anesthesia effect, bleeding in the surgical field (with inflating and deflating tourniquet), time when patient felt uncomfortable with tourniquet, inspection of the surgical outcome, and some other surgical tricks were collected and evaluated. Results : All patients felt no pain for whole surgical period in the surgical field. Time when patient felt uncomfortable with tourniquet was about 16 minutes. Mean tourniquet time was about 29 minutes. There was no or less bleeding in the surgical field for whole surgical period. The anatomical structures, such as nerve, tendon and vessel can be easily distinguished and dissected. Outcome of repair and reconstruction could be examined with instructed movement. Postoperative inspection showed no symptom of inflammation. Conclusions : Local anesthesia with epinephrine, electro-cauterization and transient tourniquet for major hand surgery can save time and obtain wide-awake effect, which would satisfy both doctors and patients.
miR10a Mediate Tamoxifen Resistance in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cells Through Down-Regulation of RFPL-3/hTERT
Authors: Sun Wei , Han Wenjie , Li Aiying , Shi Youkui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is used as a first-line endocrine treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. However, some patients develop TAM resistance after treatment and the role of miRNAs in TAM resistance still unknown. qPCR assay was performed to assess the expression levels of miR10a and RFPL-3 /hTERT. Western blot analysis was used to determine RFPL-3 /hTERT levels. The direct correlation between miR10a and RFPL-3 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. CCK-8 assay and PicoGreen dsDNA quantification assay were applied to determine cell proliferation ability. In this study, we found that miR10a is downregulated in breast cancer with TAM resistance and that low expression of miR10a is associated with poor prognosis. By studying the regulatory mechanism, we found that miR10a functions as a negative regulator of RFPL-3 mRNA by binding the 3’-UTR region and disrupting the interaction between RFPL-3 and hTERT, which inhibits the proliferation of ER-positive breast cancer cells with TAM resistance. Collectively, our study findings indicate that the downregulation of miR10a activates RFPL-3/hTERT and induces tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer cells.
The Predictive and Therapeutic Role of Complement in Gliomas
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Li Shuwang , Liu Fangkun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The human complement system plays an essential role in innate immunity in the tumor microenvironment. However, the exact function of complement in gliomas progress is still ambivalent and unclear.
Methods
A total of 194 complement genes were included in our study to build a risk score model based on the CGGA database and was verified by the validation database and our sequencing data. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival differences between groups. CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were applied to explore immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment. The biological processes and functions were identified by GO and KEGG analysis.
Results
We build a risk score model using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis based on the CGGA database and verified in the TCGA database. Patients with gliomas in the low-risk group have a better prognosis and were associated with low grade, 1p19q codeletion, IDH mutant status, MGMT promoter methylation. In addition, the low-risk group is prone to have more infiltration of CD4 naive T cells and monocytes. Patients with gliomas in the low-risk group exhibit temozolomide sensitivity. Moreover, we explored several vital pathways that were associated with complement genes in this study.
Conclusion
Complement-related gene signature can predict the malignancy and outcome of patients with gliomas and was related to temozolomide sensitivity, which might act as a promising target for gliomas therapy in the future.
Evaluation of Correlation between the Cross-sectional Area of Posterior Cervical Extensor Muscles and Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Patients with Hirayama Disease
Authors: Tian Ye , Xie Lin , Jang Jianyuan , Wang Hongli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To assess correlation between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of posterior cervical extensor muscles (PCEMs) and the cervical sagittal alignment in Hirayama disease (HD) patients.Methods: We analyzed the MRI (Magnetic resonance imagine) T2WI and X-rays of 60 male HD patients who visited our hospital from June 2017 to February 2020. Their mean age was 18.95±1.67 years (range 16-22 years). MRI image is used to measure the CSA of cervical PCEMs. The ratio of muscle CSA to vertebral body areas (VBA) at the same level is defined as R-CSA. Cervical sagittal alignment includes C2-7 cobb angle, T1 slope, and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The geometric center of the C3-6 vertebral body was determined using the line connecting the C2 inferior endplate and the C7 upper endplate. When located behind the line, it is defined as a “Local kyphotic deformity” (LKD). The number of vertebral bodies involved in kyphotic deformity was determined by Local kyphosis angle (LKA) measured. Spearman correlation analysis (α=0.05) was used to determine the relationship between R-CSA and sagittal parameters. Results: Spearman correlation test revealed that R-CSA negatively correlated with T1S (S=0.34, p=0.01) and LKA (S=0.44, p=0.01) but did not correlated with C2-C7 cobb angle (S= 0.20, p=0.12) or C2-C7 SVA (S=-0.17, p=0.46). (p＜0.05)Conclusions: In Hirayama disease, the CSA of PCEMs is related to T1s and LKA and exercising the PCEMs should be given enough attention.
Identification and Comparison of Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Different Mating types of V. Dahliae Isolated from Potato and Sunflower
Authors: Liu Lin , ADDRAH MANDELA , Yuanyuan Zhang , Jia Ruifang , Zhang Jian , Zhao Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Potato is one of the most important staple crops in the world. China is one of the leading producers of potato, but the industry faces soilborne diseases such as Verticillium wilt. The identification and comparison of the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of different mating types of Verticillium dahliae isolated from potato and sunflower in the major planting regions in China is of great importance. This is to help unravel the sudden increase in infected fields and the V. dahliae population diversity. Molecular techniques were used to isolate and identify the V. dahliae pathogens in sunflower and potato planting materials as well as field plants. The data obtained revealed that the mating type population in sunflower was MAT1-1 and that of potato was MAT1-2, but all the samples belonged to race two. There was a significant percentage of MAT1-1 isolates present in potato, which is a new trend. We conclude that the weather conditions and the conventional crop rotation practices of farmers using sunflower and potato could be the reason for the rise in infection and mating type transfer between sunflower and potato.
Proper protein intake, adequate sleep and short screen time can promote physical growth and reduce the incidence of obesity in children aged 3~7 years
Authors: Wu Hua-Hong , Li Hui , Zong Xin-Nan , Zhang Ya-Qin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

With the rapid development of social economy in China, children's dietary behaviors and lifestyle has undergone great changes. Picking eating, inappropriate protein intake, inactive lifestyle may lead to children's poor physical growth. Especially for preschool children who are in the key period for the formation of dietary habits and lifestyle, early identification of problems in their diet and living habits and interventions will be the key procedure to improve the growth and health level of the whole population.
Methods

All subjects were from a cross-sectional survey in China, a total of 53172 preschool children were included. The anthropometric measurement was completed on site, and dietary behavior, physical activity, sleeping and screen time were collected by face-to-face interview using a self-made questionnaire.
Results

1)Among preschool children, 34.0% were picky eaters, the growth level of them was lower than non-picky eaters, the height SDS and weight SDS of picky eaters were 0.01 ± 1.00 and 0.10 ± 1.10, and those of non-picky eaters were 0.17 ± 1.01 and 0.17 ± 1.15. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). 2) The growth level of children with high frequency of milk and eggs intake was higher than others: the height SDS and weight SDS of children ate more than 6 eggs per week were 0.26 ± 0.99 and 0.25 ± 1.13, those who did not eat eggs were − 0.12 ± 1.02 and − 0.20 ± 1.10; the height SDS and weight SDS of children drank more than 6 bags of milk per week were 0.17 ± 1.01 and 0.14 ± 1.14, and those did not drink milk were − 0.14 ± 1.04 and − 0.21 ± 1.15. 3༉Only 12.3% of children met all sleeping, physical activity and screen time requirements in guidelines, and they have higher HtSDS and lower WtSDS. 4) Multivariate analysis showed more protein intake, inadequate sleep were risk factors of overweight and obesity, while short screen time was a protective factor.
Conclusions

Appropriate protein intake, adequate sleep and shorter screen time are associated with healthy physical growth and reduced risk of obesity and obesity in preschool children.
Perspectives of stakeholders of the free maternity services for economicaly constrained mothers in western kenya, lessons for universal health coverage
Authors: Ochieng Beverly , Kaseje Margaret , Kaseje Dan , Oria Kevin , Magadi Monica 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The strategic aim of universal health coverage (UHC) is to ensure that everyone can use health services they need without risk of financial impoverishment. Linda mama (Taking care of the mother) initiative focuses on the most vulnerable women, newborns and infants in offering free health services. Financial risk protection is one element in the package of measures that provides overall social protection, as well as protection against severe financial difficulties in the event of pregnancy, childbirth, neonatal and perinatal health care for mothers and their children. Purpose of study was to find out the extent of awareness, and involvement among managers, service providers and consumers of “Linda mama” supported services and benefits of the initiative from the perspectives of consumers, providers and managers Methods We carried out cross sectional study in four sub counties in western Kenya: Rachuonyo East, Nyando, Nyakach, and Alego Usonga. We used qualitative techniques to collect data from purposively selected knowledge rich individuals, managers, service providers and service consumers. Findings From the perspectives of managers, service providers and consumers of the “Linda Mama” scheme emerge concepts, principles and pathways of successful health interventions. Managers and service providers were well aware of the initiative and were involved in it. Participation in “Linda Mama” seemed to be more prominent among managers and service providers. Routine household visits by community health volunteers to sensitize mothers and community engagement was core to the initiative. The managers and providers of services displayed profound awareness of how requiring identification cards and telephone numbers had the potential to undermine equity by excluding those in greater need of care such as under-age pregnant adolescents.Maternity and mother child health services improved as a result of the funds received by health facilities. “Linda Mama” reimbursements helped to purchase drug and reduced workload in the facility by hiring extra hands. Conclusion The initiative seems to have influenced attitudes on health facility delivery through: Partnership among key stakeholders and highlighting the need for enhanced partnership with the communities. It enhanced the capacity of health facilities to deliver high quality comprehensive, essential care package and easing economic burden.
Complete Teager Energy Operator: A Novel Method for Enhancing Micro-impact Signal
Authors: Dong Xu , li huipeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The output of conventional Teager energy operator (TEO) is approximately equal to the square product of the instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency ( A 2 Ω 2 ). The original TEO can effectively enhance the transient shock components and suppress the non-impacting elements, and it also changes the frequency distribution of the original shock. In this paper, a complete Teager energy operator is proposed, and its expression is more exact than original method. By keeping the positive and negative distribution of the shock signal x ( t ), the fundamental frequency energy of the impulses can be effectively enhanced. The incipient fault characteristics of large-scale rotating machinery are typically micro shock pulse, extremely weak and mixed with heavy noise. Preprocessing the fault signal and enhancing the micro shock component are essential means to extract the early fault features. In the experiment part, the applicability of the proposed method is verified by the simulated micro impact signal, the common bearing fault data-sets and the practical measured data of the test bench.
An Investigation on The Role of In-between Spaces in Iranian Traditional Houses as an Architectural Heritage: The Case of Kashan Houses
Authors: Havashemi Abbas , Peysokhan Mina , Aminnayeri Behnaz , Oanahi Siamak 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In-between spaces have the duty of separating other space by putting a distance between them, facilitating spatial identification and specification along with creating consequent spaces which gradually lead passers from public environment to more private sections. Designing such spaces was considered a necessity with significant importance in the architecture of Iranian Traditional Housing. Therefore, regarding the importance of the issue under study, the goal is to discover strategies applied in Iranian Traditional Houses by benefiting from the data gathered through a survey carried out on 50 respondents and technicians in the field of Iranian Traditional Architecture. To do so, EFA was utilized to specify factors creating by in between spaces in traditional houses. The result revealed that elements of continuity, hierarchy and spatial organization are the most evident factors in the architect of Iranian Traditional Houses and as the statistic showed that the highest level variance belonged to spatial organization.
Reactive Oxygen Spices Scavenging Behavior of Selenium Upon Vinyl Chloride Interaction With Hemoglobin
Authors: Oushani Negar Hajimohammadi , Valipour Masoumeh , Maghami Parvaneh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundVinyl chloride (VC) a colorless gas with a pleasant odor that is capable of entering the body through oral or inhalation routes. Extensive studies on this compound indicated that it is a carcinogen, and Vinyl chloride exposure can result in a specific type of cancer in VC workers. Whereas hemoglobin plays a vital role in oxygen transfer throughout the body, the effect of VC on human hemoglobin has not been studied in a molecular aspect. Furthermore, selenium as an antioxidant is a vital factor for the health of humans and animals. Therefore, the effect of the antioxidant capability of selenium on the interaction between vinyl chloride and hemoglobin was studied.MethodsThe effect of the antioxidant capability of selenium on the interaction between VC and hemoglobin was investigated by different spectroscopy methods such as UV-visible, Fourier-transform infrared, chemiluminescence, and fluorescence spectroscopies and molecular dockingResultsThe results indicated the destruction of hemoglobin structure in the presence of different concentrations of vinyl chloride, but in the presence of selenium, the damaging effect of VC on hemoglobin structure was decreased, relying on its antioxidant capability results.ConclusionsAccording to our findings, vinyl chloride destroyed hemoglobin structure utilizing ROS production, and the presence of selenium as an antioxidant inhibits the destroying effect of vinyl chloride on hemoglobin
Effectiveness of task-sharing in providing comprehensive long-acting reversible contraceptives through Level IV health extension workers in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Teklu Alula , Seid Awol , Mormu Kassahun , Demlew Tesfa , Tekle Ephrem , Assefa Berhane , Alem Simegnew , Medhin Girmay , Delele Kesetebirhan , Tesfay Teklemichael G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Modern family planning uptake in Ethiopia, primarily short-acting injectables, has increased after the engagement of community health extension workers (HEWs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using Level IV health extension workers to deliver long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) at the community level. Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used to recruit 710 women who received LARC insertion services at pilot health posts within eight months before survey time. The interviewer administered a data collection tool to collect the required data through a house-to-house survey. The questionnaire had sections covering demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, reproductive history, use of family planning methods, knowledge about LARC methods (i.e., IUCD and Implanon), and service satisfaction. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Chi-square test was used to identify the determinants of LARC use. Results: Out of 702 LARC users included in the study, 92.7% received services from Level IV HEWs. The median age of clients was 30 years (IQR: 25–35), 92.7% were married, and 22.6% were new family planning users (75% Implanon users and 19.4% Jaddelle users). Of the aggregated variables, 67.38% had good knowledge of LARC, 92.28% had positive attitudes in availing services at health posts, and 92.76% was the satisfaction score of clients. New users tended to be young, Muslim, less likely to want more children, and more likely to decide on contraception on their own. At eight months post insertion, LARC use was effective in preventing pregnancy (99.7%) with low removal (n = 36, 5.1%) and expulsion rates (n = 1, 0.1%). No infection was reported. The major reasons for removal were side effects and the desire to have children. Client knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction were found to be high. In conclusion, trained Level IV HEWs provided LARCs safely and effectively at the health post level as an alternative service delivery outlet.