bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilizing Polyoxometalate for Enhanced OER Performance Using a Porous Manganese Oxide Support
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Shen Lin , Hyeong Lee Tae , Qian Yongteng , Joon Kang Dae 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical challenge in electrocatalytic water splitting, hindered by high energy demands and slow kinetics. Polyoxometalates (POMs), recognized for their unique redox capabilities, structural archetypes, and molecular precision, are promising candidates for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Yet, their application is hindered by high water solubility, causing rapid degradation and efficiency loss under harsh OER conditions. This study enhances the performance and stability of polyoxometalates (POMs) for OER by anchoring keggin‐type POM [TiCoW11O40]7− nanosheets onto a conductive, carbon‐protected manganese oxide (C–Mn2O3) nanospheres support. The acquired porous framework enhances POM/C−Mn₂O₃ (PCM) contact, improving stability, reaction kinetics, and redox activity by offering nucleation sites, electronic pathways, and abundant active sites, significantly boosting OER activity. The resulting PCM nanohybrid demonstrates remarkable OER activity in 1 M KOH, requiring only a 300 mV overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 88 mV/dec. The PCM electrocatalyst also shows high mass activity (784 A/g at 1.6 V) and maintains stability over 100 hours at 100 mA cm−2 without performance fatigue. Consequently, this study offers a viable strategy for developing efficient, durable electrocatalysts using low‐cost materials.
Autoantibodies in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Tiniakou Eleni , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Thomas Mekha A , Manabe Yuka , Antar Annukka AR , Damarla Mahendra , Hassoun Paul M , Gao Li , Wang Zitong , Zeger Scott , Rosen Antony 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesCD209L and its homologous protein CD209 act as alternative entry receptors for the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and are highly expressed in the virally targeted tissues. We tested for the presence and clinical features of autoantibodies targeting these receptors and compared these with autoantibodies known to be associated with COVID‐19.MethodsUsing banked samples (n = 118) from Johns Hopkins patients hospitalised with COVID‐19, we defined autoantibodies against CD209 and CD209L by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical associations of these antibodies were compared with those of patients with anti‐interferon (IFN) and anti‐angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2) autoantibodies.ResultsAmongst patients hospitalised with COVID‐19, 19.5% (23/118) had IgM autoantibodies against CD209L and were more likely to have coronary artery disease (44% vs 19%, P = 0.03). Antibodies against CD209 were present in 5.9% (7/118); interestingly, all 7 were male (P = 0.02). In our study, the presence of either antibody was positively associated with disease severity [OR 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.80 (0.69–5.03)], but the association did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, 10/118 (8.5%) had IgG autoantibodies against IFNα, and 21 (17.8%) had IgM antibodies against ACE2. These patients had significantly worse prognosis (intubation or death) and prolonged hospital stays. However, when adjusting for patient characteristics on admission, only the presence of anti‐ACE2 IgM remained significant [pooled common OR (95% CI), 4.14 (1.37, 12.54)].ConclusionWe describe IgM autoantibodies against CD209 and CD209L amongst patients hospitalised with COVID‐19. These were not associated with disease severity. Conversely, patients with either anti‐ACE2 IgM or anti‐IFNα IgG antibodies had worse outcomes. Due to the small size of the study cohort, conclusions drawn should be considered cautiously.
Empagliflozin in acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: A pre‐specified analysis of the EMPACT‐MI trial
Authors: Petrie Mark C. , Udell Jacob A. , Anker Stefan D. , Harrington Josephine , Jones W. Schuyler , Mattheus Michaela , Gasior Tomasz , van der Meer Peter , Amir Offer , Bahit M. Cecilia , Bauersachs Johann , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Chopra Vijay K. , Januzzi James L. , Lopes Renato D. , Ponikowski Piotr , Rossello Xavier , Schou Morten , Zieroth Shelley , Brueckmann Martina , Sumin Mikhail , Bhatt Deepak L. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Butler Javed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsIn the EMPACT‐MI trial, empagliflozin reduced heart failure (HF) hospitalizations but not mortality in acute myocardial infarction (MI). Contemporary reports of clinical event rates with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in acute MI trials are sparse. The treatment effect of empagliflozin in those with and without T2DM in acute MI is unknown.Methods and resultsA total of 6522 patients with acute MI with newly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to <45%, congestion, or both, were randomized to empagliflozin 10 mg or placebo. The primary endpoint was time to first HF hospitalization or all‐cause death. Rates of endpoints with and without T2DM and the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin according to T2DM status were assessed. Overall, 32% had T2DM; 14% had pre‐diabetes; 16% were normoglycaemic; 38% had unknown glycaemic status. Patients with T2DM, compared to those without T2DM, were at higher risk of time to first HF hospitalization or all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.95) and all‐cause death (HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.13–2.56). T2DM did not confer a higher risk of first HF hospitalization (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.82–1.83). Empagliflozin reduced first and total HF hospitalizations, but not all‐cause mortality, regardless of presence or absence of T2DM. The safety profile of empagliflozin was the same with and without T2DM.ConclusionPatients with acute MI, LVEF <45% and/or congestion who had T2DM were at a higher risk of mortality than those without T2DM. Empagliflozin reduced first and total HF hospitalizations regardless of the presence or absence of T2DM.
Synthesis, Characterisation, and Catalytic Evaluation of Ru‐ONO Complexes Featuring N‐ and P‐Based Ligands
Authors: Awe Babatunde , Swart Glendin , Erasmus Elizabeth , Malan Frederick P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNine new ruthenium complexes featuring nitrogen and phosphorus donor ligands were synthesised from a Ru precursor featuring a rigid ONO‐pincer ligand. The choice of nitrogen‐ and phosphorous‐based ancillary ligands was guided by a careful evaluation of their different electronic and steric properties. This evaluation aimed to understand how these ligands, once coordinated, could influence the structural, electronic, and catalytic activity of the corresponding complexes. The range of complexes showed moderate catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of alcohols, with the best performing catalyst achieving 96 % conversion in 1 hour (TON=96, TOF=96 h−1). All complexes were characterised using 1H, 13C, 31P (where applicable) NMR spectroscopy, CHN (microanalysis) and HR‐MS analyses. Single crystal structures were obtained for all nine new complexes, as well two new polymorphs of the precursor complex. Complimentary electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and density functional theory (DFT) studies provided additional insights into the structural and electronic properties of the different complexes.
Solvent‐Directed Regioselective Cascade Reaction with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Dong Menghua , Wang Chunan , Li Lewan , Chen Yufan , Zeng Jie , Lv Jian , Liao Jie , Wang Haifeng , Gu Shuangxi , Chen Fener 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA tandem system comprising cyclization reaction of diazo compound and cross‐coupling of the other one has been developed. This provides facile access to pyrazoles and there derivatives with high levels of regioselectivity in moderate to good yields. This process uniquely utilizes CF3CH2OTf both as a solvent and a catalyst under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies provide insights into the intricate sequence involved in the formation of pyrazoles and further selective cross‐coupling with another diazo compound.
High‐Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Halogen‐Free Cosolvent‐Processed Pyrazine‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Material
Authors: Lakshman Chetan , Kim Hyerin , Cho Bo Hyeon , Song Donghyun , Park Jeonghyeon , Kim Young Yong , Yoon Jinhwan , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe complex molecular structures of electron donor (D)–acceptor (A) polymers provide a wealth of useful hints for producing high power conversion efficiency (PCE) as hole transport materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Given the recent improvements in PCE, various features are focused on altering the functionalities of HTMs. In this study, a pyrazine‐based acceptor is fused with two known donors benzodithiophene (BDT) and dithienobenzodithiophene (DTBDT) to synthesize two new D–A type polymers (NBD‐Pyz and NDT‐Pyz) to employ them as dopant‐free HTM in PVSCs. The insertion of pyrazine moiety downshifted the energy levels and enhanced coplanarity for both the HTMs. NBD‐Pyz can significantly lower the trap density and passivate the perovskite layer. More interestingly, the NBD‐Pyz HTM performs better than NDT‐Pyz, exhibiting higher hole mobility and better solubility in 2‐methyl anisole (2MA) and o‐xylene. Moreover, a 2MA/o‐xylene cosolvent‐processed dopant‐free polymeric NBD‐Pyz HTM‐based device achieved a champion PCE of 22.9%. Unlike NDT‐Pyz and Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based PVSCs, the unencapsulated NBD‐Pyz devices were more stable, retaining almost 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h. In addition, excellent thermal stability was demonstrated by the resulting PVSCs without encapsulation.
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Towards Better Perovskite Absorber Materials: Cu+ Doping Improves Photostability and Radiation Hardness of Complex Lead Halides
Authors: Ustinova Marina I. , Sarychev Maxim N. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Li Yiqun , Zhuo Yuling , Zheng Tongjun , Babenko Sergey D. , Tarasov Evgeniy D. , Kushch Pavel P. , Dremova Nadezhda N. , Kichigina Galina A. , Rasmetyeva Alexandra V. , Kukharenko Andrey I. , Kiryukhin Dmitry P. , Kurmaev Ernst Z. , Xu Xueqing , Troshin Pavel A. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Zhidkov Ivan S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe partial Pb2+ substitution with Cu+ ions has been thoroughly applied as an approach to produce new absorber materials with enhanced light and radiation hardness required for potential aerospace applications of perovskite solar cells. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that Cu+ ions are partially integrated into the crystal lattice of MAPbI3 on the surface of perovskite grains and induce p‐doping effect, which is crucial for a range of applications. Importantly, the presence of Cu+ enhances photostability of perovskite films and blocks the formation of metallic lead as a photolysis product. Furthermore, we have carried out one of the first studies on the radiation hardness of complex lead halides exposed to two different stressors: γ‐rays and 8.5 MeV electron beams. The obtained results demonstrate that Cu+ doping alters completely the radiation‐induced degradation pathways of the double cation perovskite. Indeed, while Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3 degrades mostly with segregation of δ‐phase of FAPbI3 forming a Cs‐rich perovskite phase, the Cs0.12FA0.88Pb0.99Cu0.01I2.99 films tend to expel δ‐CsPbI3 and produce FA‐rich perovskite phase, which shows impressive tolerance to both γ‐rays and high energy electrons. The beneficial effect of copper ion incorporation on the stability of lead halide perovskite solar cells under light soaking and γ‐ray irradiation conditions has been shown. The discovered possibility of controlling the electronic properties and major materials degradation pathways through minor modification of their chemical composition (e.g., replacing 1% of Pb2+ with Cu+) opens up tremendous opportunities for engineering new perovskite absorber compositions with significantly improved properties for both terrestrial and aerospace applications.
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Post‐Polymerization Strategy via Dual Site Clicking for Synthesizing Intrinsically Cross‐Linkable Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Lee Jaehoon , Kang Seungju , Lee Eunsoo , Lee Jiyun , Yoon Tae Woong , Kim Min‐Jae , Cho Yongjoon , Xiao Mingfei , Boeije Yorrick , Zhu Wenjin , Yang Changduk , Lee Jin‐Wook , Lee Sungjoo , Zhang Guobing , Sirringhaus Henning , Kang Boseok 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCrosslinked organic semiconductors have opened the way for various fabrication techniques in the field of organic electronics owing to their three‐dimensional network structure with high solvent resistivity. However, recent efforts to synthesize cross‐linkable semiconducting polymers have been limited by their low molecular weights and yields. In this study, this limitation is overcome by a novel post‐polymerization strategy. A reagent with a cross‐linkable functional group, (3‐mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, is attached to a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based donor–acceptor copolymer (DPPTT) via thioesterification and para‐fluoro‐thiol reaction, modifying two sites simultaneously. This modification preserves the molecular weight and electrical properties of the original polymers. In addition, the use of click chemistry enables high yield (98%) without any purification. The modified DPPTT demonstrated high resistance to organic solvents (80% retention dipped in 1‐chlorobenzene for 1 h). Exploiting this benefit, an ultrathin flexible array of 100 organic field‐effect transistors fabricated using conventional photolithography showed high‐performance reliability. Thus, this study provides a universal strategy to synthesize versatile polymer semiconductors for practical organic electronics.
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Inherited metabolic epilepsies–established diseases, new approaches
Authors: Tokatly Latzer Itay , Pearl Phillip L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInherited metabolic epilepsies (IMEs) represent the inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) in which epilepsy is a prevailing component, often determining other neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with the disorder. The different metabolic pathways affected by individual IMEs are the basis of their rarity and heterogeneity. These characteristics make it particularly challenging to establish their targeted therapies, and many of the IMEs are treated nowadays only symptomatically and supportively. However, owing to immense molecular and genetic progress in the last decades, important features of their pathomechanisms have been elucidated. This has led to advancements in the development of novel diagnostic approaches and specific therapies for a considerable number of these unique disorders. This review provides an overview of the broad approach to the diagnosis and management of IMEs, along with their eminent and new individual treatment options, ranging from dietary therapies and vitamins to enzyme and gene replacement therapies.Plain Language SummaryInherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) in which epilepsy is a main symptom are considered inherited metabolic epilepsies (IMEs). It is challenging to develop targeted therapies for IMEs since they are rare and individually different in characteristics. Therefore, many of the IMEs are currently treated only symptomatically. However, scientific progress in the last decades led to the creation of specific treatments for many of these unique disorders. This review provides an overview of the approach to the diagnosis and management of IMEs, including the available newer therapeutic modalities.
Full‐Scale Tests to Characterize the Effect of Framing Action and Slab Continuity on the Collapse Capacity of Composite Frames Under Cyclic Loading
Authors: El Jisr Hammad , Lignos Dimitrios G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an experimental study that examined the role of the slab continuity and framing action on the overall hysteretic behavior of a composite‐steel moment resisting frame (MRF) up until incipient collapse using advanced instrumentation. The test frame was subjected to three loading phases including asymmetric cyclic lateral loading representative of ratcheting prior to earthquake‐induced collapse. It is shown that the presence of partially restrained transverse beams as part of the floor system results into additional overstrength at the beam‐to‐column joints due to the development of transverse compressive strains at the slab surface. The primary deteriorating mechanisms of the test frame were local buckling at the bottom flanges of the composite‐steel beams followed by concrete crushing at the slab at a lateral drift demand of 3%–4%. Additional instabilities within the dissipative zones of the beams featured the crack initiation and propagation. However, the axial restraint provided by the slab and the framing action led to the stabilization of the crack growth and the local buckling straightening at the bottom flange of the beams even at lateral drift demands higher than 10% rad. This is due to the development of a compressive axial force that passed through the slab and reached up to about 35% of the axial resistance of the bare steel beam at incipient collapse. It is shown that this force prevents the beam axial shortening within the dissipative zones of the test frame, which contradicts the results from conventional beam‐to‐column connection tests with simplified boundary conditions. The experimental results suggest that controlled slip in the ductile shear studs in shallow composite‐steel beams act as a capping mechanism of the additional strain demands that may arise due to the potential overstrength on the concrete compressive strength from its assumed characteristic value, the slab confinement, and the presence of the transverse beams. Composite‐steel beams under hogging bending were able to sustain about 50% of their peak flexural resistance even at chord rotations exceeding 15% rad due to the stabilization of the local buckling length within the dissipative zone. On the other hand, composite‐steel beams under sagging bending attained a zero flexural resistance at the same rotational demands while not achieving a complete separation due to the developed cracks. Measurements from a digital image correlation system suggest that the strut inclination at the interior joint was about 30% higher than that suggested by current standards due to the slab continuity.
Rocking Spectrum for Cylindrical Structures Subjected to Bidirectional Pulse‐Like Ground Motions
Authors: Zhou Xun , Li Jianzhong , Yin Kangshuai , Guo Junjun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, cylindrical structures free to rock have been exploited in practical engineering. However, their seismic response in three dimensions (3D), greatly sensitive to the parameters that define it, is difficult and time‐consuming to predict. To this end, this study focuses on developing a rocking spectrum, an efficient graphical tool linking seismic rocking response to structural parameters, for seismic response prediction and performance‐based seismic design of cylindrical structures. The development of the rocking spectrum is based on the numerical rocking response of 2500 idealized rigid cylinders excited by 100 sets of synthetic bidirectional pulse‐like ground motions. The minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) algorithm is first employed to reveal that the rocking response is more related to ground acceleration, ground velocity, and ground displacement when the response is small (close to uplift), intermediate, and large (close to overturning), respectively. Following these relations, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is employed to develop the rocking spectrum. The obtained rocking spectrum can reliably predict the rocking response of cylinders subjected to the synthetic pulse‐like ground motions. The applicability of the spectrum is also discussed for as‐recorded pulse‐like ground motions.
Saponins Based on Medicinal and Edible Homologous Plants: Biological Activity, Delivery Systems and Its Application in Healthy Foods
Authors: Chen Siwen , Zhou Ying , Li Huiliang , You Lijun , Pedisić Sandra , Shao Ping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMedicinal and edible homologous (MEHs) plants are valuable in medicine and food science as edible plants. Saponins, one of the major chemical components isolated from MEHs plants, have significant antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral biological activities. This paper provides an overview of the basic structure, properties, and bioactivity of saponins, the development of novel delivery systems for their enhanced bioavailability, and their applications in various fields. It also highlights the innovations and challenges of current trends in saponin research and provides a basis for the development of a safe and effective natural active ingredient based on MEHs plants. Through comprehensive analysis, this paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for further research and application of saponins in food science.
Convex Portrait in a Self‐Mirror: Social Dissonance and Social Synthesis
Authors: Caron Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSocial dissonance is both a form of practice, an effect of that practice‐ the furthering of the already present socially dissonant effect/affect‐, and a specific score, proposing possible kinds of action to an audience to bring about the consciousness of their own unfreedom‐ or, more radically, the consciousness of their unconsciousness. But this program has two insufficiencies: 1. The circuit through which the risen consciousness of an unfree state may translate into forms of action is not provided. 2. Even if one has successfully elicited the experience of unfreedom, the transmission of that feeling of unfreedom within a localized social milieu‐ typically enclosed within an art gallery, a concert hall, or a punk venue‐ to the consciousness of the unfreedom of the social world at large is, in the least, problematic. The first insufficiency relates to the problem of the theoretical conditions of practice, or what kinds of influence can a theoretically gained description have upon practice ‐ a very classical problem. The second insufficiency is more specific to Mattin and one would say amounts to the influence one practice may have upon other practices. But this last formulation is a superficial one, being maybe more fruitfully described as the problem of the traction one form of action may have upon the practical conditions of conceptual representation‐ once we understand the dialectics between action and conception that seems to be implicit in Mattin's account, and much of the present text will be dealing with exactly that.
Raisin Production by Convective–Microwave Dryer and Optimization of Ochratoxin A Content, Physicochemical, Sensory Characteristics, and Fungal Load of Raisin
Authors: Behfar Majid , Heshmati Ali , Sharifzadeh Aghil , Taghdir Maryam , Abbaszadeh Sepideh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRaisins are so popular in the human diet as a nutritional and sweet snack. The quality of this foodstuff depends on drying conditions. To minimize ochratoxin A (OTA) content and yeast and mold content (YMC) in raisins with favorable physicochemical and sensory properties, the response surface methodology (RSM) and the face‐centered central composite design (FCCD) were utilized. The independent variables were studied over a range of microwave power (0–220 W) and temperature air (35°C–55°C). The microwave power had a significant effect on the OTA value and YMC of dried samples. The use of microwaves in drying contributed to a higher decline in OTA content and YMC than in conventionally dried samples. The regression models detected for OTA content, acidity, pH, rehydration ratio (RR), water holding capacity (WHC), shrinkage, appearance, texture, acceptability, and YMC were significant and reliable. The desirability function was applied to recognize an optimized situation. The result of the RSM analysis showed the optimum conditions for obtaining healthy raisins with desired physicochemical and sensory attributes by microwave‐convective dryer at 220 W microwave power and 38.68°C air temperature.