bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tactile stimuli induce deimatic antipredator displays in ringneck snakes
Authors: Cox Christian L. , Chung Albert K. , Blackwell Christopher , Davis Maura M. , Gulsby Miranda , Islam Hasib , Miller Nathan , Lambert Carson , Lewis Olivia , Rector Ian V. , Walsh Marleigh , Yamamoto Alannah D. , Davis Rabosky Alison R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdaptations for predator defense are often complex traits with integrated display components spanning multiple signaling modalities. For antipredator coloration like deimatic or startle coloration, behavioral variation controlling dynamic color displays is an important but poorly understood component of the predator defense in most taxa. We studied antipredator behavior in North American ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus), which possess a brightly colored (red to yellow) ventral surface of the body and the tail compared to the mostly gray dorsal coloration. We sought to (a) characterize intraspecific variation in antipredator behaviors in ringneck snakes and (b) test which stimuli can induce antipredator displays. First, we assessed antipredator displays in the field and during routine handling during data collection by comparing categorical classifications of all displayed behavior across 25 individuals. Second, we performed experimental assays with tactile and visual stimuli to determine the cues that can elicit an antipredator display in ringneck snakes. We found that antipredator displays include ventral displays and tail‐coiling and that these components were induced by tactile cues in the field and the lab, but not visual cues. Our work is the first to show that a snake species with bright ventral coloration uses this behavior in response to tactile cues from a potential predator, but only in response to relatively strong stimuli (i.e., handling). This experimental evidence that tactile stimuli can induce a behavior revealing bright ventral coloration highlights the importance of correlated evolution of antipredator coloration and behavior.
When and where are catfish fat fish? Hydro‐ecological determinants of energy reserves in the fork‐tailed catfish, Neoarius graeffei, in an intermittent tropical river
Authors: Beesley Leah S. , Pusey Bradley J. , Douglas Michael M. , Keogh Chris S. , Kennard Mark J. , Canham Caroline A. , Close Paul G. , Dobbs Rebecca J. , Setterfield Samantha A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The cultural and ecological importance of fork‐tailed catfish, Neoarius graeffei, in northern Australia is linked to its energy stores, or how fat fish are. Water resource development that alters river flow has the potential to impact the energy stores of fork‐tailed catfish.

We investigated the influence of flow and habitat on the energy reserves of fork‐tailed catfish during the dry season in an intermittent wet–dry tropical river using data collected in three years with different flow volumes from a variety of habitats, i.e. different mesohabitats (tributary, main‐channel) and pool sizes. Julian day was included to describe seasonal trends. We used mesohabitat and pool size to reveal where fork‐tailed catfish had the most energy reserves and flow‐year and Julian day to reveal when reserves were greatest.

Body condition and the quantity of intramuscular and coelomic fat were used to describe energy reserves. Predictive models created for each metric revealed that fork‐tailed catfish body condition and intramuscular fat were greater in years following moderate to high wet‐season flow, smallest in a year following very low flows and decreased as the dry season progressed. Coelomic and intramuscular fat of fork‐tailed catfish was also lower in smaller pools. There was no association between mesohabitat and energy store.

These when and where hydro‐ecological patterns highlight the importance of wet season flows and groundwater‐fed refuge pools for fork‐tailed catfish energetics in this wet–dry tropical river.

Intermittent rivers flowing through wet–dry tropical savanna habitats are under increasing threat globally and the results of the present study illustrate how flow variation may impact on biota and influence their continued survival and functional roles.
Bios and arrows: On time in health geographies
Authors: Andrews Gavin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTime has not often been the subject of dedicated conceptual attention in health geography, but one does not need to dig very deep in the literature to uncover diverse engagements with it across empirical research. Framed by particular theoretical understandings of time, this paper reviews these engagements and how they have helped shape geographical knowledge of disease, health and care. Whilst these engagements are welcomed, the paper also highlights the possibility of going further by focusing on systems fundamental to 21st‐century society. Specifically, it describes the need to develop approaches that might ‘keep time with the trouble’ by capturing and intervening in the timings of the new faster, technologically mediated, affective capitalism in its use, creation and diminishing of health and well‐being.
Confirmed long‐term safety and efficacy of prophylactic treatment with BAY 94–9027 in severe haemophilia A: final results of the PROTECT VIII extension study
Authors: Reding Mark T. , Pabinger Ingrid , Holme Pal Andre , Poulsen Lone , Negrier Claude , Chalasani Pavani , Maas Enriquez Monika , Wang Maria , Meijer Karina , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Lalezari Shadan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe phase 2/3 PROTECT VIII main study demonstrated efficacy and safety of BAY 94–9027 (damoctocog alfa pegol; Jivi®), a B‐domain‐deleted recombinant factor VIII (FVIII), site‐specifically PEGylated to extend its half‐life.AimTo report the final efficacy and safety data for BAY 94–9027 from the PROTECT VIII extension.MethodsPreviously treated males aged 12–65 years with severe haemophilia A (FVIII <1%) who completed the multicentre, open‐label PROTECT VIII main study were eligible for the extension. Patients received either on demand or prophylaxis treatments (30‒40 IU/kg twice weekly [2 × W], 45‒60 IU/kg every 5 days [E5D], or 60 IU/kg every 7 days [E7D]) and could switch to any prophylaxis regimen (variable frequency) as needed. Annualised bleeding rates (ABR), zero bleeds and safety outcomes were included in this final analysis.ResultsAt extension completion, patients (n = 121) received BAY 94–9027 for a median (range) total time of 3.9 (0.8–7.0) years. Median (Q1; Q3) total ABR was 1.49 (0.36; 4.80) for prophylaxis patients (n = 107), compared with 34.09 (20.3; 36.6) for on‐demand patients (n = 14). Median total ABRs for 2 × W (n = 23), E5D (n = 33), E7D (n = 23) and variable frequency (n = 28) groups were 1.57, 1.17, 0.65 and 3.10, respectively. Of prophylaxis patients, 20.6% were bleed‐free during the entire extension (median time, 3.2 years) and 50.0% were bleed‐free during the last 6 months. No patient developed FVIII inhibitors. No deaths or thrombotic events were reported.ConclusionsEfficacy and safety of BAY 94–9027 was confirmed, with extension data supporting its use as a long‐term treatment option for patients with haemophilia A.
Shared decision making in consultations for hypertension: Qualitative study in general practice
Authors: Johnson Rachel , Turner Katrina , Feder Gene , Cramer Helen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is mainly managed in primary care. Shared decision making is widely recommended as an approach to treatment decision making. However, no studies have investigated; in detail, what happens during primary care consultations for hypertension.AimTo understand patients’ and clinicians’ experience of shared decision making for hypertension in primary care, in order to propose how it might be better supported.DesignLongitudinal qualitative study.SettingFive general practices in south‐west England.MethodInterviews with a purposive sample of patients with hypertension, and with the health‐care practitioners they consulted, along with observations of clinical consultations, for up to 6 appointments. Interviews and consultations were audio‐recorded and observational field notes taken. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsForty‐six interviews and 18 consultations were observed, with 11 patients and nine health‐care practitioners (five GPs, one pharmacist and three nurses). Little shared decision making was described by participants or observed. Often patients’ understanding of their hypertension was limited, and they were not aware there were treatment choices. Consultations provided few opportunities for patients and clinicians to reach a shared understanding of their treatment choices. Opportunities for patients to engage in choices were limited by structured consultations and the distribution of decisions across consultations.ConclusionFor shared decision making to be better supported, consultations need to provide opportunities for patients to learn about their condition, to understand that there are treatment choices, and to discuss these choices with clinicians.Patient or Public ContributionA patient group contributed to the design of this study.
Influence of CVD parameters on Co‐TiO2/CNT properties: A route to enhance energy harvesting from sunlight
Authors: Campos Guaglianoni Waleska , Garcia Ana Paula , Basegio Tania Maria , Arcari Bassani Marcel Antonio , Arcaro Sabrina , Pérez Bergmann Carlos 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been employed to enhance the photoactivity of titanium dioxide (TiO2). In this work, CNTs were deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) onto the surface of anodized Co‐TiO2 nanotubes. The influence of CVD parameters (time and temperature) on the Co‐TiO2/CNT structure and properties was investigated. We studied three synthesis times (10, 20, and 30 min) and two synthesis temperatures (700 and 800°C). The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The photocurrent performance of the electrodes was determined by linear voltammetry. The results showed the successful formation of Co‐TiO2/CNT hybrid structures. The shortest synthesis time produced higher quality CNTs. The samples synthesized at 700 and 800°C for 10 min exhibited a current density of 1.13 mA.cm−2 and 7.84 mA.cm−2, respectively, which is 9 and 65 times greater than the Co‐TiO2 sample. The synergistic effect of the CNT deposition and the crystalline phase composition significantly improved the photoresponse of TiO2. The proper choice of synthesis parameters allowed the control of the sample structure, leading to the production of electrodes with better light‐harvesting performance.
Robust stimulus of private investment: Tax rate cut or investment subsidy?
Authors: Niu Yingjie , Yang Jinqiang , Zhao Siqi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the net benefit accruing to a government when choosing between a lower tax rate on future profits and an investment subsidy as investment stimulation. We hypothesize that either the firm or the government faces Knightian uncertainty in contemplating investment. In the presence of the firm's Knightian uncertainty, the government prefers the investment cost subsidy to tax rate reduction as the conventional wisdom in prior literature. However, if the government is concerned about the model uncertainty, the optimal policy depends on the varying characteristics in reality, such as the ambiguity level, the growth rate, the volatility, as well as the interest rate environment. The tax rate cut is favorable when the growth rate, the discount rate, and the volatility are lower, and when the ambiguity parameter is higher. By taking into account Knightian uncertainty, we provide a potential rationale behind evaluating stimulus policies in different economic environments.
Competence‐based human resource management to improve managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers: A scale development
Authors: Gunawan Joko , Aungsuroch Yupin , Fisher Mary L. , McDaniel Anna M. , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to develop and psychometrically test a competence‐based human resource management scale to improve managerial competence of first‐line nurse managers in public hospitals.BackgroundTo ensure the high competence of the first‐line nurse managers, the competence‐based human resource management should be evaluated using the best‐fit instrument. However, no instrument has been identified in the hospital setting.MethodsThis methodological study consists of three main steps: (1) generating scale items based on literature review and expert interviews, (2) pilot testing of face and content validity and (3) evaluating psychometric properties with 300 first‐line nurse managers from 16 public hospitals in Indonesia selected using a multistage sampling. Data were collected from May to December 2017. Principal component analysis and Cronbach's α were used for construct validity and internal consistency reliability.ResultsThe final scale consists of 30 items in five dimensions, which explained 65.48% of the total variance. The dimensions include ‘training and evaluation, career planning and development, rewards scheme, recruitment and selection, and appraisal system’. Cronbach's α for the scale was .89, with a range of .85 to .88.ConclusionThe competence‐based human resource management scale is reliable and valid to use in public hospital settings.
‘You Shall Be Actualized, for I Am Pure Actuality’: Holiness and the Perfecting Relation of Grace
Authors: Bankston Will 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents holiness as actuality, a concept that analogically connects God as pure infinite act to our own finite actualization as human agents. Grace constitutes the means by which we become holy. That is, grace will be construed as an actualizing relation. This relation regenerates and purifies fallen human nature, but it also perfects our nature according to humanity's original, creational telos. The communicable contours of holiness provided by Leviticus 19 will ground the discussion, and these contours will be canonically coordinated with the Gospel of Matthew. Throughout, the article will draw deeply from the theology of Thomas Aquinas in bridging divine holiness with God’s unique mode of agency.
The effects of collective bargaining systems on the productivity function of firms: An analysis of bargaining structures and processes and the implications for policy making
Authors: Brandl Bernd , Braakmann Nils 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn recent years, individual and company bargaining have increasingly supplanted sector and country collective bargaining leading to increasingly heterogeneous and perforated, that is, hybrid, national collective bargaining systems. Little is known about the relative effects of these different systems. In this paper, the authors derive and test a comprehensive categorization of collective bargaining systems and argue that different systems are associated with different production functions and therefore have different effects on labour productivity. The hypotheses are tested using representative workplace‐level data for all member states of the European Union. It is found that the performance of coordinated sector collective bargaining systems is higher than for all other forms of collective and individual bargaining. Policy implications of the results are discussed as these results challenge attempts to reform collective bargaining in Europe.
Viral epidemiology and SARS‐CoV‐2 co‐infections with other respiratory viruses during the first COVID‐19 wave in Paris, France
Authors: Le Hingrat Quentin , Bouzid Donia , Choquet Christophe , Laurent Odile , Lescure François‐Xavier , Timsit Jean‐François , Houhou‐Fidouh Nadhira , Casalino Enrique , Lucet Jean‐Christophe , Descamps Diane , Visseaux Benoit 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesOur work assessed the prevalence of co‐infections in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsAll patients hospitalized in a Parisian hospital during the first wave of COVID‐19 were tested by multiplex PCR if they presented ILI symptoms.ResultsA total of 806 patients (21%) were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, 755 (20%) were positive for other respiratory viruses. Among the SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients, 49 (6%) had viral co‐infections. They presented similar age, symptoms, except for fever (P = .013) and headaches (P = .048), than single SARS‐CoV‐2 infections.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients presenting viral co‐infections had similar clinical characteristics and prognosis than patients solely infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Do sectoral material efficiency improvements add up to greenhouse gas emissions reduction on an economy‐wide level?
Authors: Lu Yingying , Schandl Heinz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article aims to provide a better understanding of the contribution of material efficiency (ME) improvements to climate mitigation from an economy‐wide perspective. We employ the Global Trade and Environment Model to investigate and quantify the part played by ME gains at different stages of the supply chain and in different sectors of the economy to an economy‐wide reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Our study focuses on three material categories: iron and steel, non‐ferrous metals, and non‐metallic minerals for construction. We find that ME improvements in iron and steel production and consumption processes can contribute to reducing GHG emissions, but only by a small amount. Eco‐design and novel technologies that use less materials in general, can also contribute to GHG emission reduction. Such mitigation potential is especially large for the construction of buildings and infrastructure due to the sector's massive use of non‐metallic minerals with a large climate impact (e.g., cement). However, process efficiency and reduced demand for the three materials do not necessarily lead to reduced GHG emissions on an economy‐wide level and can even result in increased GHG emissions due to a rebound effect in other sectors and other processes. As expected, ME policies were more effective for climate mitigation when combined with a more sustainable socio‐economic pathway.
Oral leukoplakia, leukoerythroplakia, erythroplakia and actinic cheilitis: Analysis of 953 patients focusing on oral epithelial dysplasia
Authors: de Azevedo Alexandro Barbosa , dos Santos Teresa Cristina Ribeiro Bartholomeu , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte , Pires Fábio Ramoa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo analyse the clinical and histological characteristics from a series of oral leukoplakias, leukoerythroplakias, erythroplakias and actinic cheilitis diagnosed in a 14‐year period.MethodsThe files were reviewed and all cases diagnosed as leukoplakia, leukoerythroplakia, erythroplakia and actinic cheilitis were selected. Clinical information was obtained from the biopsy submission forms, and histological review was performed in all cases.ResultsFinal sample included 953 lesions, mostly affecting females (534, 56%), and 87.5% of the patients were 41 to 80 years old. The most commonly affected regions were the lower lip (20.1%), tongue (18.1%) and buccal mucosa (16.9%). Leukoplakias, actinic cheilitis, leukoerythroplakias and erythroplakias represented, respectively, 74.6%, 15.2%, 9.3% and 0.8% of the sample. Most cases presented no dysplasia (42.1%) or mild dysplasia (33.5%). Lesions in the tongue, floor of mouth and lower lip, as well as lesions that presented hyperparakeratosis, showed higher frequencies of moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. The most common histological criteria were the increase in number and size of nucleoli, loss of polarity of the basal cells and variations in cellular size and shape. Classification by the binary system showed that 7% were high‐risk lesions.ConclusionAll histological criteria for classification of oral epithelial dysplasia recommended by the World Health Organization showed increased frequency as grading increased. Additional criteria seem to be useful in grading oral epithelial dysplasia, such as the presence of normal and abnormal superficial mitotic figures and endophytic epithelial proliferation.
Pharmacokinetics of oral firocoxib in un‐weaned calves
Authors: Wagner Sarah A. , Fajt Virginia R. , Lo Chih‐Ping , Byrd Christopher J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of firocoxib after oral administration in un‐weaned calves. Eight Holstein calves with a mean age of 36 days and a mean weight of 55 kg were administered a single oral dose of 227 mg firocoxib. The resulting mean dosage was 4.2 mg/kg (range 3.5–5.0 mg/kg). Blood was collected prior to drug administration and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment. Firocoxib concentrations in plasma were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Using computer software, pharmacokinetic parameters were found to fit best with a one‐compartment model. Mean Cmax was 0.9 μg/ml (range 0.570–1.254), and Tmax was estimated to be 7 h (range 4–8 h). The estimated T1/2 was 15.3 h. The pharmacokinetics of firocoxib after oral dosing are similar to those in dogs, with the exception of a T1/2 that is approximately twice as long. Based on the similar pharmacokinetics, it is possible that a dose of 227 mg firocoxib orally could provide an analgesic effect in un‐weaned calves.
The impact of unfair dismissal regulation: Evidence from an Australian natural experiment
Authors: Freyens Benoit Pierre , Oslington Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses the outcomes of a unique Australian natural experiment with dismissal regulation introduced in 1996, radically reformed in 2006 and reregulated in 2009. Drawing on a large database of unfair dismissal cases, we assess the impact of dismissal regulation on unfair dismissal claims, how they are resolved, and on the determination of compensation amounts. Regulatory changes affect claims and success rates, but there is little change in compensation payments across the three regimes as legal conventions about their calculation were unaffected by the regulatory changes. One theme through all our findings is the large impact of administrative procedures on outcomes.
The classification of relict extraterrestrial chrome spinels using STEM techniques on silicate inclusions
Authors: Caplan Caroline E. , Huss Gary R. , Ishii Hope A. , Bradley John P. , Schmitz Birger , Nagashima and Kazuhide 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRemnant extraterrestrial chrome spinels from terrestrial sediments provide information on how the mixture of meteoritic materials falling to Earth has changed over Earth’s history. The parent meteorite type of each grain can be identified by characteristic elemental and oxygen‐isotope abundances. Some meteorite types can be difficult to classify because their chrome‐spinel compositional ranges overlap. Silicate inclusions within chrome spinels of modern ordinary chondrites have been shown to have discriminating power among meteorite subclasses. We employed energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) to investigate inclusions in chrome‐spinel grains from Ordovician and Jurassic sediments. Unaltered Ordovician inclusions allowed us to establish the size limits for reliable SEM analysis of inclusions. The Jurassic grains were more altered, but the use of STEM techniques on small inclusions (<3 μm diameter at their polished surfaces) allowed us to determine chemical compositions and mineral structures of inclusions in three chrome spinels. The parent meteorite type was determined for one Jurassic grain based on its inclusion compositions. Our study confirms that silicate inclusions can be used to classify parent meteorite types of chrome‐spinel grains, but the size of the inclusions and the complex effects of terrestrial alteration must be taken into account. During our study, we also found some interesting exsolution phenomena in the host chrome‐spinel grains.