bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neprilysin Inhibition Increases Glucagon Levels in Humans and Mice With Potential Effects on Amino Acid Metabolism
Authors: Kjeldsen Sasha A S , Hansen Lasse H , Esser Nathalie , Mongovin Steve , Winther-Sørensen Marie , Galsgaard Katrine D , Hunt Jenna E , Kissow Hannelouise , Ceutz Frederik R , Terzic Dijana , Mark Peter D , Plomgaard Peter , Goetze Jens P , Goossens Gijs H , Blaak Ellen E , Deacon Carolyn F , Rosenkilde Mette M , Zraika Sakeneh , Holst Jens J , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Inhibitors of the protease neprilysin (NEP) are used for treating heart failure, but are also linked to improvements in metabolism. NEP may cleave proglucagon-derived peptides, including the glucose and amino acid (AA)-regulating hormone glucagon. Studies investigating NEP inhibition on glucagon metabolism are warranted.

Objective
This work aims to investigate whether NEP inhibition increases glucagon levels.

Methods
Plasma concentrations of glucagon and AAs were measured in eight healthy men during a mixed meal with and without a single dose of the NEP inhibitor/angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, sacubitril/valsartan (194 mg/206 mg). Long-term effects of sacubitril/valsartan (8 weeks) were investigated in individuals with obesity (n = 7). Mass spectrometry was used to investigate NEP-induced glucagon degradation, and the derived glucagon fragments were tested pharmacologically in cells transfected with the glucagon receptor (GCGR). Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of NEP with or without concomitant GCGR antagonism was tested in mice to evaluate effects on AA metabolism.

Results
In healthy men, a single dose of sacubitril/valsartan significantly increased postprandial concentrations of glucagon by 228%, concomitantly lowering concentrations of AAs including glucagonotropic AAs. Eight-week sacubitril/valsartan treatment increased fasting glucagon concentrations in individuals with obesity. NEP cleaved glucagon into 5 inactive fragments (in vitro). Pharmacological NEP inhibition protected both exogenous and endogenous glucagon in mice after an AA challenge, while NEP-deficient mice showed elevated fasting and AA-stimulated plasma concentrations of glucagon and urea compared to controls.

Conclusion
NEP cleaves glucagon, and inhibitors of NEP result in hyperglucagonemia and may increase postprandial AA catabolism without affecting glycemia.
EDUCATIONAL AND LINGUISTIC COMPONENTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE ALTAY TERRITORY: ACTUAL STATE AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS
Authors: Maximova Svetlana G. , Omelchenko Daria A. , Noyanzina Oksana E. 
Published: May 2021

Regions of Russia are not only highly differentiated by their socio-economic position, but also differ by efficiency of regional policy aimed at using human capital for regional development. Many border regions, especially situated in the Eastern part of Russia and having agricultural character of economy, are more vulnerable due to their natural depopulation and great migration outflows. Education and health are two most important components of the human capital, and this article is focused on the second part, analyzed through gender, territorial and generational inequalities and their impacts on the level of satisfaction by material position on the materials of the sociological survey, conducted in the Altay territory in 2020 (n = 573, respondents’ age from 18 to 70 years). The analysis shows that despite general significance of education and its high return, educational trajectories and economic perspectives of using education differ significantly in socio-demographic and status groups. Linguistic competencies are poorly developed and practically remain unclaimed, the language proficiency works only in pair with other educational and professional achievements.
Cholangiopathy After Severe COVID-19: Clinical Features and Prognostic Implications
Authors: Faruqui Saamia , Okoli Fidelis C. , Olsen Sonja K. , Feldman David M. , Kalia Harmit S. , Park James S. , Stanca Carmen M. , Figueroa Diaz Viviana , Yuan Sarah , Dagher Nabil N. , Sarkar Suparna A. , Theise Neil D. , Kim Sooah , Shanbhogue Krishna , Jacobson Ira M. 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, is a predominantly respiratory tract infection with the capacity to affect multiple organ systems. Abnormal liver tests, mainly transaminase elevations, have been reported in hospitalized patients. We describe a syndrome of cholangiopathy in patients recovering from severe COVID-19 characterized by marked elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) accompanied by evidence of bile duct injury on imaging.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted to our institution from March 1, 2020, to August 15, 2020, on whom the hepatology service was consulted for abnormal liver tests. Bile duct injury was identified by abnormal liver tests with serum ALP > 3x upper limit of normal and abnormal findings on magnetic resonance cholangiopacreatography. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and histological findings were recorded in a Research Electronic Data Capture database.

RESULTS:
Twelve patients were identified, 11 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 58 years. Mean time from COVID-19 diagnosis to diagnosis of cholangiopathy was 118 days. Peak median serum alanine aminotransferase was 661 U/L and peak median serum ALP was 1855 U/L. Marked elevations of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and D-dimers were common. Magnetic resonance cholangiopacreatography findings included beading of intrahepatic ducts (11/12, 92%), bile duct wall thickening with enhancement (7/12, 58%), and peribiliary diffusion high signal (10/12, 83%). Liver biopsy in 4 patients showed acute and/or chronic large duct obstruction without clear bile duct loss. Progressive biliary tract damage has been demonstrated radiographically. Five patients were referred for consideration of liver transplantation after experiencing persistent jaundice, hepatic insufficiency, and/or recurrent bacterial cholangitis. One patient underwent successful living donor liver transplantation.

DISCUSSION:
Cholangiopathy is a late complication of severe COVID-19 with the potential for progressive biliary injury and liver failure. Further studies are required to understand pathogenesis, natural history, and therapeutic interventions.
Decision-theoretic foundations for statistical causality
Authors: Dawid Philip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe develop a mathematical and interpretative foundation for the enterprise of decision-theoretic (DT) statistical causality, which is a straightforward way of representing and addressing causal questions. DT reframes causal inference as “assisted decision-making” and aims to understand when, and how, I can make use of external data, typically observational, to help me solve a decision problem by taking advantage of assumed relationships between the data and my problem. The relationships embodied in any representation of a causal problem require deeper justification, which is necessarily context-dependent. Here we clarify the considerations needed to support applications of the DT methodology. Exchangeability considerations are used to structure the required relationships, and a distinction drawn between intention to treat and intervention to treat forms the basis for the enabling condition of “ignorability.” We also show how the DT perspective unifies and sheds light on other popular formalisations of statistical causality, including potential responses and directed acyclic graphs.
A review on allotropes of carbon and natural filler-reinforced thermomechanical properties of upgraded epoxy hybrid composite
Authors: Gouda Krushna , Bhowmik Sumit , Das Biplab 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe scarcity of nonrenewable resource motivated inclination towards the environmental-friendly novel materials and development of waste natural filler-based hybrid composite is encouraged to fulfill the material demand. Epoxy resins-based composites are high-performing thermosetting polymers and have outstanding blending properties, good machinability, and low cost. Due to these advantages, thermoset plastic is largely used in a broad range of engineering applications; however, thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy are low. Thus, to enhance the thermomechanical properties of epoxy, it is interfaced materials such as graphite, graphene nanoplatelet, boron, carbon fiber, aluminium, silver, etc. Among various substances, graphene has been deliberated as an acceptable novel filler because of its exceptional properties. In addition to inorganic filler inclusion, natural filler/fiber like hemp, sisal, flax, bamboo, jute, etc. can be utilized in a higher percentage as biodegradable material. The present article assisted to improve thermomechanical properties of neat epoxy. This work identifies and addresses (i) processes used for graphene modification; (ii) treatment utilized for enhancing the binding properties of natural filler; (iii) various natural filler extraction process employed; (iv) neat epoxy modification; and (v) influence of different dimensions of fillers.
High-temperature tribological properties of diamond-like carbon films: A review
Authors: Zeng Qunfeng , Ning Zekun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of aerospace industry has made more and more machinery parts of equipment working at high temperature. Due to the lubrication failure of lubricating oil and grease at high temperature, solid lubricant coatings are almost the only effective method to achieve super low friction at high temperature. In recent years, the tribological properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been extensively studied at high temperature. The present study reviews the microstructure of DLC films and the influence of doping different elements on the structure of DLC films. Second, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of pure DLC films and DLC doped with different elements are also described. DLC films have different microstructures and tribological properties by different preparation methods. Finally, the high-temperature lubrication failure mechanism of DLC films and the tribological properties of DLC films when doped with different elements are discussed from the macro and micro perspectives.
Oral Contraceptive Use Impairs Muscle Gains in Young Women
Authors: Riechman Steven E. , Lee Chang Woock 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Riechman, SE and Lee, CW. Oral contraceptive use impairs muscle gains in young women. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3074–3080, 2022—Many active young women use oral contraceptives (OCs), yet their effects on the body composition and exercise performance have not been thoroughly studied. We examined the effects of OCs on muscle responses to a standardized resistance exercise training (RET) program. Two groups of young healthy women (18–29 years old, non-OC: n = 38, OC: n = 34) underwent 10 weeks of whole-body RET (3 days·wk−1, 3 sets, 6–10 repetitions, at 75% of maximum strength, 13 exercises). Body composition was determined using hydrostatic weighing, and blood samples were taken before and after training to measure dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), IGF-1, and cortisol levels. There were significant differences in lean mass gains between the groups (non-OC: 3.5 ± 0.4% vs. OC: 2.1 ± 0.5% and non-OC: 1.6 ± 0.2 kg vs. OC: 1.0 ± 0.2 kg, p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of DHEA, DHEAS, and IGF-1 were significantly lower, and cortisol levels were higher in the OC group before and after training (p < 0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in lean mass gains depending on the androgenicity of progestin between the non-OC and medium-high groups (non-OC: 1.6 ± 0.2 kg, Low = 1.1 ± 0.2 kg, med-high = 0.3 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.05). Oral contraceptive use impaired lean mass gains in young women after RET and was associated with lower DHEA, DHEAS, and IGF-1 and higher cortisol. The diminished lean mass gain may be related to the effect of OCs on anabolic and catabolic hormone levels or the androgenicity of progestin that may bind to androgen receptors and inhibit its function.
Strength and Conditioning for the Roller Derby Athlete
Authors: Parten Alyssa L. , Herron Robert L. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Roller derby's popularity has surged in recent decades. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first strength and conditioning publication to address roller derby. This article outlines an overview of the sport, discusses sport-specific strength and conditioning considerations, and is intended to educate coaches and athletes on the needs of this athletic population. The sport evolved to its current competitive format in 2001 with rules to prevent the theatrics of previous years. The article will present a needs analysis, review current research on relevant-injury prevalence, and outline practical strength and conditioning considerations to enhance performance, reduce injury risk, and increase longevity for roller derby athletes. Finally, the article highlights the need for more sport-specific scientific research to advance roller derby and support its athletes.
An Agility Training Continuum for Team Sports: From Cones and Ladders to Small-Sided Games
Authors: Mota Tomás , Afonso José , Sá Mário , Clemente Filipe M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Agility is a key and complex concept within team sports performance. Because of its multidimensional nature, agility benefits from perceptual and cognitive skills as well as physical capacity (e.g., ability to exert acceleration, deceleration, and changes of direction). Agility should be integrated in different and complementary ways in team sports training. From more analytical to more ecological tasks, there is a need to comprehend the respective adaptations and identify how to integrate such a spectrum and, eventually, combine them in the training process and manage it accordingly to the player's needs. Based on this premise, the purpose of this article is to present alternative methods and recommendations that may help to develop agility in field-based invasion sports. The main concepts pertaining to agility and associated capacities will be explored. Afterward, a proposal for a more analytical approach based on the use of cones and ladders will be introduced, as well as approaches based on small-sided games. Finally, an integration of agility training and a combination of approaches will be presented using soccer as an example.
Comparison of Classification Methods used in Machine Learning for Dysgraphia Identification
Authors: Et. al. Sarthika Dutt, 
Published: May 2021

Dysgraphia is a disorder that affects writing skills. Dysgraphia Identification at an early age of a child's development is a difficult task. It can be identified using problematic skills associated with Dysgraphia difficulty. In this study motor ability, space knowledge, copying skill, Visual Spatial Response are some of the features included for Dysgraphia identification. The features that affect Dysgraphia disability are analyzed using a feature selection technique EN (Elastic Net). The significant features are classified using machine learning techniques. The classification models compared are KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors), Naïve Bayes, Decision tree, Random Forest, SVM (Support Vector Machine) on the Dysgraphia dataset. Results indicate the highest performance of the Random forest classification model for Dysgraphia identification.
Automated image classification for heritage photographs using Transfer Learning of Computer Vision in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Et. al. Viratkumar K. Kothari, 
Published: May 2021

There is substantial archival data available in different forms, including manuscripts, printed papers, photographs, videos, audios, artefacts, sculptures, building, and others. Media content like photographs, audios, and videos are crucial content because such content conveys information well. The digital version of such media data is essential as it can be shared easily, available in the online or offline platform, easy to copy, easy to transport, easy to back up and easy to keep multiple copies at different places. The limitation of the digital version of media data is the lack of searchability as it hardly has any text that can be processed for OCR. These important data cannot be analysed and, therefore, cannot be used in a meaningful way. To make this data meaningful, one has to manually identify people in the images and tag them to create metadata. Most of the photographs were possible to search based on very basic metadata. This data, when hosted on the web platform, searching media data is becoming a challenge due to its data formats. Improvement in existing search functionality is required to improve the searchability of the photographs in terms of ease of usage, quick retrieval and efficiency. The recent revolution in machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence offers a variety of facilities to process media data and identify meaningful information out of it. This research paper explains the methods to process digital photographs to classify people in the given photographs, tag them and saves that information in the metadata. We will tune various hyperparameter to improve their accuracy. Machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence offers several benefits, including auto-identification of people, auto-tagging them, provide insights and finally, the most important part is it improves the searchability of photographs drastically.
It was envisaged that about 85% of the manual tagging activity might be reduced and improves the searchability of photographs by 90%.
Investigating the Depression Status in Patients with Upper Limb Pain
Authors: Khosravifar Shahrzad , Mahmoudi Mani , Khosravifar Shaghayegh , Jafarpour Hamed , Abounoori Mahdi , Maddah Mohammadmoein 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Depression is considered as the most common psychological problem in societies. Depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse are more common in patients with pain compared to the general population. In this study, the state of depression in patients with upper limb pain with radiculopathy or without paraclinical signs of radiculopathy has been investigated. Material and Methods: We conducted the depression status in patients with upper limb pain with and without radiculopathy in a descriptive cross-sectional study in Sari in 2017. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), short-form McGill pain questionnaire was used to evaluate the status of major depressive disorder, health status and quality of life, and severity of pain in them, respectively. The data was analyzed by SPSS 22. Results: From 120 patients with the mean age 44.97±9.77 years, 19% had mild depression, 18% moderate depression and 11% severe depression. The mean score of SF36 was 29.94±6.86. The mean scores of McGill pain scale was 13.31±6.02. The mean depression score had a significant difference between the two groups studied (P=0.04). The McGill pain score had also a significant difference between the two study groups (P=0.012). The mean score of SF36 had no significant difference in both groups (P=0.41).Conclusion: The depression score and the prevalence of moderate and severe depression were also higher in patients with chronic upper limb pain with cervical radiculopathy than in patients without cervical radiculopathy.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in β-thalassemia Major Patients in the North of Iran: Mazandaran β-thalassemia Registry - 2017 to 2019
Authors: Mortazavi Parham , Darvish-Khezri Mahdie , Hessami Amirhossein , Abounoori Mahdi , Kheirandish Ali , Falegari Farzane , Ghorbani Mohammad , Ahmadi Ali , Alikhani Zahra , Karami Hossein , Zahedi Mohammad , Darvishi-Khezri Hadi 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic disease spread throughout India, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Turkey, and Southeast Asia. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common complication of patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) due to iron sediment in the pancreas. The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of DM in patients with β-TM. Material and Methods: Demographic, clinical information, and some biological tests in conjunction with the proportion of T2DM were retrieved from the Mazandaran Thalassemia Registry (MTR) affiliated to the Mazandaran University of Medical Science. The data belong to December 2017 until December 2019. Results: The results are as follows: Use of iron chelators like deferiprone should be with caution and with respect to the patients' metabolic state to avoid complications like diabetes. 2024 ꞵ-TM patients have registered in MTR (Mazandaran Thalassemia Registration). Data were completed for 597 cases including 72 patients (12.1%) diabetic and 525 patients (87.9%) non-diabetic. Beta-thalassemia patients with DM were significantly older than non-diabetic patients. Also, the percentage of ꞵ -TM cases dependent on red cell transfusion and patients with a history of spleen surgery in the diabetic group was significantly higher than in the non-diabetic group. Also, (42.7%) of diabetic patients (34 patients) were treated with insulin.Conclusion: We concluded that the history of splenectomy and the number of blood transfusions was higher in the diabetic group and associated with it. Future therapeutic approaches need to focus on reducing splenectomy and a high number of blood injections to avoid diabetes, and its complications in TM patients need to be investigated in future researches.
Effects of Methanolic Extract of Ginkgo biloba Leaf against Hypoxia-Induced Lethality in Mice
Authors: Mortazavi Parham , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Hypoxia defines as a condition in which body tissues do not take sufficient oxygen supply. Chronic hypoxia has various medical consequences. Recently, the role of hypoxia in the progression of COVID-19 disease has been proven. Ginkgo biloba is a valuable plant from more than 2000 years ago. Ginkgo has antioxidant activity and exhibits good scavenging activity on the free radicals therefore, it is considered helpful in treating diseases associated with the generation of free radicals, including chronic inflammation, cerebral infarction, ischemic heart disease, and aging.Material and Methods: In this study, anti-hypoxic activities of G. biloba methanolic leaf extract have been determined against hypoxia-induced lethality in mice to understand its usefulness in treating ischemia.Results: The extract showed weak activity in asphyctic model. At 125 mg/kg, it significantly delayed the time of death compared to the control group (p<0.05) but did not show any activities in haemic or circulatory hypoxia tests even at a higher tested dose, 250 mg/kg. Although, at this dose, extract prolonged the survival time more than 1 minute in circulatory model, but this increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion: In conclusion, results from this study showed that extract has weak anti-hypoxic effects in the treatment of hypoxia.