bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile in South Africa
Authors: de Jager Pieter , Smith Oliver , Bolon Stefan , Thomas Juno , Richards Guy A. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Clostridioides difficile (CD) is the most common healthcare-associated enteric infection. There is currently limited epidemiological evidence on CD incidence in South Africa.

Aim
To estimate the burden of CD infection (CDI) in the South African public sector between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2017.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study utilizing secondary data was conducted to describe the epidemiology of CD in South Africa. We assessed the patient-level association between variables of interest, CD, and CD recurrence, by undertaking both univariate and multivariable analysis. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were calculated utilizing multivariable Poisson regression. The incidence of CD, CD recurrence and CD testing was estimated by Poisson regression for various levels of care and provinces.

Results
A total of 14 023 samples were tested for CD during the study period. After applying exclusion criteria, we were left with a sample of 10 053 of which 1 860 (18.50%) tested CD positive. A positive and significant association between CDI and level of care is found, with patients treated in specialized tuberculosis (TB) hospitals having a five-fold increased adjusted incidence risk ratio (aIRR) for CDI (aIRR 4.96 CI95% 4.08–6.04,) compared to those managed in primary care. Patients receiving care at a secondary, tertiary, or central hospital had 35%, 66% and 41% increased adjusted incidence of CDI compared to those managed in primary care, respectively. National incidence of CDI is estimated at 53.89 cases per 100 000 hospitalizations (CI95% 51.58–56.29), the incidence of recurrence at 21.39 (CI95% 15.06–29.48) cases per 1 000 cases and a recurrence rate of 2.14% (CI95% 1.51–2.94).

Conclusion
Compared to European countries, we found a comparable incidence of CD. However, our estimates are lower than those for the United States. Compared to high-income countries, this study found a comparatively lower CD recurrence.
Tofacitinib-Associated Iatrogenic Kaposi Sarcoma in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Golovics Petra A. , Afif Waqqas , Bessissow Talat , Lakatos Peter L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. Although it contributes to the induction and maintenance of clinical remission of patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, various malignancies have been reported after the use of this small molecule. We report a rare case of biopsy-proven Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with complex biological-resistant ulcerative colitis after 2 years of treatment with tofacitinib. Kaposi sarcoma lesions spontaneously regressed after tofacitinib was discontinued. Given the concern of potential risk of malignancy associated with this agent, we believe that specialists should be aware of this rare but serious possible adverse event.
An Unusual Delayed Complication of Urogynecologic Surgical Mesh: Perirectal Abscess 10 Years After Initial Placement Treated by Endoscopic Removal
Authors: West Sara F.J. , Diehl David L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Surgical mesh is commonly used for the management of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence with overall beneficial effects. However, the Food and Drug Administration has issued safety notifications about potentially serious complications assisted with the use of synthetic mesh in pelvic organ prolapse procedures. In this report, we describe a perirectal abscess in a patient which developed 10 years after initial mesh placement. Percutaneous management of the abscess was not possible because of the deep pelvic location. The abscess was successfully managed endoscopically, including the removal of a large piece of mesh. Endoscopic management of pelvic abscesses, including an endoscopic ultrasound-guided approach, should be considered early.
Prognostic role of oxytocin receptor in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Junjie , Xu Zhenyu , Mao Yong , Zhang Ting , Qin Yan , Hua Dong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is directly involved in the pathological mechanisms of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer; however, the role of OXTR in the modulation of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) growth, metastasis, and clinical prognosis remains to be elucidated. This study used systematic bioinformatics analysis to explore the effects of OXTR on modulating COAD growth and prognosis in patients with COAD. Compared with normal tissues, OXTR mRNA level was higher in COAD tissues, which was associated with tumor progression. Elevated mRNA level of OXTR also indicated a poor prognosis in COAD patients. Furthermore, high mRNA level of OXTR was significantly associated with pathways involved in cell cycle regulation and signal transduction pathways, including the hedgehog, mTOR, TGF-β, and Wnt signaling pathways. OXTR expression was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of type 2T helper cell, central memory CD8 T cell, CD56 bright natural killer cell, activated CD8 T cell, activated B cell, and Type 1T helper cell. Moreover, silencing OXTR inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and arrested the cell cycle. In conclusion, high mRNA level of OXTR indicates poor prognosis.
The Effect of Additives on Water Vapor Condensation on Bituminous Surfaces
Authors: Tarpoudi Baheri F. , Rico Luengo M. , Schutzius T. M. , Poulikakos D. , Poulikakos L. D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Water condensation and freezing on asphalt roads can lead to slippery conditions, which are responsible for many winter accidents and have caused an overreliance on mostly environmentally damaging and pavement degrading deicing chemicals and salt, which requires active maintenance. Bitumen is a mechanically and chemically complex material mainly consisting of various hydrocarbon-based chemicals groups. Additionally, bitumen makes up approximately 5 wt.% of the asphalt concrete mixture because of its binder role and coating function of the aggregates, can control the bulk mechanical properties and surface properties of the asphalt mixture. Condensation as the first step and later freezing phenomena are investigated in this study and from ambient humidity toward understanding the fundamentals of icing on bituminous surfaces. Condensation experimental results show selective wettability of chemically and mechanically district bitumen surface domains. The effect of different bitumen modifiers of polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide (PA 66), polyacrylonitrile, and Sasobit wax at 1 wt.% were studied on condensation freezing and bitumen water affinity.
Diffusion Characteristics and Mechanism of Waste Cooking Oil Rejuvenator in Ultraviolet Aged Asphalt Using Multi-Scale Evaluation Method
Authors: Li Bo , Qiu Ke , Li Zhiwei , Li Xiaolan , Wang Yongning 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
One of the challenges of using the regenerator in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is estimating the blending degree between the RAP and the regenerator. The extent of this blending is crucial because the road performance of the recycled asphalt mixture will be improved with the increase of diffusion degree. To this end, this study focuses on the diffusion and fusion phenomena between waste cooking oil (WCO) rejuvenator and ultraviolet (UV) aged asphalt. First, the improved softening point test was used to characterize the macroscopic diffusion and fusion law between the UV aged asphalt and the regenerator. Then, the Fourier Transform Infrared test and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were conducted to obtain the microscopic mechanism of diffusion. Finally, the correlations between the macro experiment and the MD simulation and between the micro experiment and the MD simulation were established. The results show that, with the increase of diffusion time, the softening point of recycled asphalt decreases. In addition, the corrected peak areas of methylene (CH2) antisymmetric stretching decreases, whereas the corrected peak area of saturated fatty acid ester C = O and aromatic acid ester C-O increase. The mean squared displacement shows an upward trend, and the diffusion coefficient decreases. Besides, the increase of the diffusion temperature could enhance the diffusion coefficient. There was a preferential relation between the macro tests and simulations and between micro tests and simulations. The results from this research indicate MD can simulate the diffusion between the WCO rejuvenator and UV aged asphalt. The findings in this work provide a possible guideline for the evaluation of the performance of the recycled asphalt that might improve the way this recycled asphalt is used.
Gray Matter Variation in the Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Is Associated with Polymorphisms in theKIAA0319Gene in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Hopkins William D. , Staes Nicky , Mulholland Michele M. , Schapiro Steven J. , Rosenstein Madeleine , Stimpson Cheryl , Bradley Brenda J. , Sherwood Chet C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDetermining the impact that theKIAA0319gene has on primate brain morphology can provide insight into the evolution of human cognition and language systems. Here, we tested whether polymorphisms inKIAA0319in chimpanzees account for gray matter volumetric variation in brain regions implicated in language and communication (particularly within the posterior superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus). First, we identified the nature and frequencies of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) inKIAA0319in a sample of unrelated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytesspp.). Next, we genotyped a subset of SNVs (those important for gene regulation or likely to alter protein structure/function) in a sample of chimpanzees for whichin vivoT1-structural magnetic resonance imaging scans had been obtained. We then used source-based morphometry (SBM) to test for whole-brain gray matter covariation differences between chimpanzees with differentKIAA0319alleles. Finally, using histologic sections of 15 postmortem chimpanzee brains, we analyzed microstructural variation related toKIAA0319polymorphisms in the posterior superior temporal cortex. We found that the SNVs were associated with variation in gray matter within several brain regions, including the posterior superior temporal gyrus (a region associated with language comprehension and production in humans). The microstructure analysis further revealed hemispheric differences in neuropil fraction, indicating thatKIAA0319expression may be involved in regulation of processes related to the formation and maintenance of synapses, dendrites, or axons within regions associated with communication.
Loss of RNA-Binding Protein HuR Leads to Defective Ependymal Cells and Hydrocephalus
Authors: Han Xiu , Shen Xuning , Wang Min , Wang Xin , Jian Youli , Yang Chonglin , Guo Weixiang 
Published: November 2021

Multiciliated ependymal cells line the ventricle wall and generate CSF flow through ciliary beating. Defects in ependymal cells cause hydrocephalus; however, there are still significant gaps in our understanding the molecular, cellular and developmental mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. Here, we demonstrate that specific deletion of RNA-binding protein (RBP) Hu antigen R (HuR) in the mouse brain results in hydrocephalus and causes postnatal death. HuR deficiency leads to impaired ependymal cell development with defective motile ciliogenesis in both female and male mice. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals that HuR binds to mRNA transcripts related to ciliogenesis, including cilia and flagella associated protein 52 (Cfap52), the effector gene of Foxj-1 and Rfx transcriptional factors. HuR deficiency accelerates the degradation ofCfap52mRNA, while overexpression of Cfap52 is able to promote the development of HuR-deficient ependymal cells. Taken together, our results unravel the important role of HuR in posttranscriptional regulation of ependymal cell development by stabilizingCfap52mRNA.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study identifies Hu antigen R (HuR) as a genetic factor involved in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. Mechanistically, HuR regulates ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis through stabilizingCfap52mRNA, the effector gene of Foxj-1 and Rfx transcriptional factors.
Another Antimagic Decomposition of Generalized Peterzen Graph
Authors: Inayah Nur 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA decomposition of a graph P into a family Q consisting of isomorphic copies of a graph Q is (a,b)-Q-antimagic if there is a bijection φ:V(P)∪E(P)→{1,2,3,4…,v_P+e_P} such that for all subgraphs Q’ isomorphic to Q, the Q-weightsφ(Q’ )=∑_(v∈V(Q^' ))▒φ(v) + ∑_(e∈E(Q^'))▒〖φ(e)〗constitute an arithmetic progression a,a + b,a + 2b,…,a + (r - 1)b where a and b are positive integers and r is the number of subgraphs of P isomorphic to Q. In this article, we prove the existence of a (a,b)-P_4-antimagic decomposition of a generalized Peterzen graph GPz(n,3) for several values of b.Keywords: covering; decomposition; antimagic; generalized Peterzen. AbstrakSuatu dekomposisi dari suatu graf P ke dalam suatu famili Q yang terdiri dari salinan isomorfik dari graf Q dikatakan (a,b)-Q-antiajaib jika terdapat pemetaaan bijektif φ:V(P)∪E(P)→{1,2,3,4…,v_P+e_P} sedemikian sehingga semua subgraf Q’ yang isomorfik ke Q, dengan bobot-Q sebagai berikutφ(Q’ )=∑_(v∈V(Q^' ))▒φ(v) + ∑_(e∈E(Q^'))▒〖φ(e)〗yang membentuk suatu barisan aritmatika yaitu a,a + b,a + 2b,…,a + (r - 1)b dengan a dan b adalah bilangan bulat positif dan r adalah banyaknya subgraf dari P yang isomorfik ke Q. Pada artikel ini, kami membuktikan eksistensi (a,b)-P_4-antiajaib dekomposisi dari graf generalized Peterzen GPz(n,3) untuk beberapa nilai b.Kata kunci: selimut; dekomposisi; antiajaib; generalized Peterzen.
Georgi Ermolaevitch Rein - academician, architect, Minister of Public Health Services
Authors: Tzvelev U. V. , Bezhenar V. F. , Ruhliada N. N. 
Published: November 2021

Both the separate citizens, and all community and whole country require of the doctors, whose knowledge, results of their works were not left on the shelfs in libraries, but that they were done by real, common property of mankind, that they were spilled a wide wave along the country, bringing in everywhere a simplification of sufferings, reducing lethality and physical inability of the population, including mothers and born generation ...
G.E. Rein (1912).
Role of total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in fertilization and embryo selection in the IVF cycle
Authors: SEYFETTİNOĞLU Sevtap , ŞAHİN Gülnaz , AKDOĞAN Ayşin , TAVMERGEN GÖKER Ege Nazan , AKÇAY Yasemin , Y. SÖZMEN Eser , TAVMERGEN Erol 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant parameters in follicular fluid and embryo culture medium in IVF cycles and investigate their effects on embryo quality, fertilization success, and pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients who underwent IVF/ICSI were included in this prospective study. Two hundred sixty of a total of 454 follicular fluids and the cell culture media of transferred fifty-one embryos (one from each patient) were examined. Antioxidant activity (AOA), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiobarbiturate reactive substances (TBARS), ferric antioxidant power (FRAP), paraoxonase, nitrotyrosine were analyzed.
Results: TBARS were significantly lower in the follicular fluid of fertilized oocytes than in non-fertilized oocytes (21 vs. 29.75 nmol/ml). There was no difference in terms of other parameters. TEAC levels were higher in oocytes in the agonist protocol group than in the antagonist protocol group. In terms of embryo quality, there were no differences between the groups in any analysis. TEAC levels were higher in the embryo cell culture medium in the group that became pregnant after embryo transfer on the second day.
Conclusion: When oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters were evaluated in both follicle fluid and embryo cell culture medium, it was determined that lipid peroxidation negatively affected fertilization. However, there is no significant difference in terms of embryo quality and pregnancy rates.
Seismic Response of 2D Topographic Profiles for Incident SH Waves: Iterative Solution and Comparison of Direct and Indirect BEM
Authors: Mejía-López Jimena , López-Sugahara Oscar I. , Piña-Flores José , Sánchez-Sesma Francisco J. , Ge Zengxi , Wei Jia , Rong Mianshui , Ba Zhenning 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The scattering and diffraction of waves by irregular surface profiles is of interest in seismology and in many other areas. Diverse techniques have been proposed to quantitatively study the problem. Among them, domain approaches such as finite differences, spectral elements and finite elements have been used. Because the reduction of dimensionality boundary formulations is widely used. Recently, the direct boundary-element method has been applied using some series approximations for surface scattering, including the preconditioned splitting series, for the numerical description of rough surface scattering. Extending further and simplifying this approach, we use the indirect boundary-element method. The ensuing Fredholm integral equation of the second kind that arises in IBEM leads to a very efficient iterative scheme based on the classical Jacobi method. A discussion of direct and indirect approaches is presented. Assuming incident SH waves, results are obtained with the various approaches and compared among them for both a canyon and a hill, both of semicircular shape. Besides, an example is presented of a surface profile that produces strong scattering. This was inspired by the diverse problems that arise in the emerging field of metamaterials.
Depression and coping strategies used among adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tiwari Surya Kant , Sharma Rimple , Joshi Poonam , Kabra Sushil Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive monogenic chronic disorder affects the lungs, pancreas, and other exocrine glands, and manifests as recurrent respiratory infections, malabsorption, and a myriad of complications pertaining to other systems like hepatobiliary, endocrine and reproductive systems. Objectives were to assess the level of depression among adolescents with CF, to assess the coping strategies used by adolescents with CF and to find an association between selected sociodemographic and clinical variables with depression.Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 30 adolescents with CF in the age group of 12-18 years, attending the specialty clinic of a selected tertiary care facility were enrolled using a purposive sampling technique. Tools consisting of sociodemographic and clinical profile, patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and ways of coping with CF were used for data collection.Results: Most of the adolescents with CF (66.7%) had depression of varying severity with 36.7% having moderate-severe to severe depression. The frequently used coping strategies by the adolescents with CF were hopefulness (76.66±11.29), followed by optimistic acceptance (70.23±13.04). The individual coping strategy with the highest mean score was “having confidence on doctor and treatment” (3.83±0.37), while ‘I cry, eat, drink or take drugs’ had the lowest score (1.6±1.00).Conclusion: Depression is a common problem among adolescents with CF requiring regular screening and referral to experts for enhancing their coping strategy of optimistic acceptance.
Neonatal hepatitis in a term newborn: sequelae to in utero COVID-19 infection
Authors: Kaur Pushwinder 
Published: November 2021

Neonatal hepatitis is a common disease entity seen among newborns. It is known as inflammation of liver parenchyma in newborns, specifically in first month of life. Most common cause of neonatal hepatitis is viral infection which infects liver in utero or in postnatal period. Newborns carrying neonatal hepatitis mostly present with jaundice, failure to gain weight and hepatosplenomegaly. Neonatal hepatitis due to in utero COVID infection is diagnosed by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, raised SGOT and SGPT levels and raised COVID antibody levels. Treatment includes addition of fat-soluble vitamins, phenobarbitone and supportive care. Here author is reporting a rare case of 11 days old newborn with neonatal hepatitis, who presented with severe jaundice (TSB/DB- 44/22) hepatosplenomegaly and hypoxemia with mild respiratory distress. Maternal history revealed high grade fever with low cell count during 5th month of gestation, though COVID RAT was negative and RT-PCR was not done. Baby was managed in NICU with IV antibiotics, IV fluids, oxygen by prongs, oral fat-soluble vitamin supplementation, adequate calorie intake and phenobarbitone. Baby responded very well to the treatment and discharged in healthy condition after 7 days. Paucity of data documenting in utero COVID-19 infection as cause of neonatal hepatitis led us to report this rare case.
Liquid based cytology and immunohistochemistry on cytosmears based diagnosis of letterer-siwe disease in a 40 year male
Authors: Agarwal Preeti , Khan Fatima , Gupta Vaibhav , Dubey Devanshi 
Published: November 2021

: Histiocytes with coffee bean like nucleus are the diagnostic hallmark of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) supported with immunohistochemical (IHC) demonstration of fascin, CD1a and S-100. We report a case of Letterer-Siwe disease in a 40year male diagnosed on cytology and IHC on cytosmears along with cytomorphology in Liquid based cytology (LBC) smears. Forty year male presented with complains of low grade fever and reduced appetite from two years with a cervical swelling and discomfort from five months. Fine needle aspiration(FNA) from cervical lymph node showed sheets of histiocytes in background of mixed inflammatory cells. LBC smears highlighted fine chromatin, delicate nuclear outline with coffee bean like morphology. On IHC tumor cells were positive for S-100 and CD1a. CT thorax revealed consolidation in left lower lung, bone lesions were found on skeletal survey. Hence diagnosis of Letterer-Siwe disease was given. Patient responded well to systemic chemotherapy.
Crust Biometry of Hydrolithon Boreale (Rhodophyta: Hydrolithaceae) on Leave of Posidonia Oceanica Along a Mediterranean Coast Fed by Siliciclastic-Carbonate
Authors: Mutlu Erhan , Karaca Doğukan , Duman Güler Sıla , Şahin Ahmet , Özvarol Yaşar , Olguner Cansu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A study was conducted to estimate biometry of an epiphytic micro-calcareous red algae, Hydrolithon boreale found on leaves of a Mediterranean meadow, Posidonia oceanica along the entire Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea in time (winter and summer 2019) and space (regions, and bottom type and depth). Percent occurrence of the epiphyte was lower in winter (25%), particularly found in a small bay in the west than summer (44%), entirely along the coast. The epiphyte grew up to 5 mm in diameter, 0.35 mm in thickness of the crust size, and was populated up to 1006 ind/m2 in summer owing to the increased utilization of the carbonate by the epiphyte with the increased water temperature. The size was contrasted to the density (abundance and biomass) in space. The biometry was significantly dependent on the siliciclastic-carbonate deposition as inferred from SiO2 of the water in relation the leaf area index (LAI) of P. oceanica. Therefore, this deposition induced specimens growing in size, followed by the reduced density in relation to N-based nutrient of the water. Further major environmental parameters which negatively affected the biometry were pH and total suspended matter of the water, analogous to the turbidity. Of the trace elements, Ni was negatively correlated with the biometry whereas the LAI was however positively correlated with all the anthropogenic-sourced trace elements (V, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in the leaves. Of the bottom types, the calcite rock had higher density than the other soft bottoms in contrast to the size of the epiphyte.