bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinamika City Branding Kota Surakarta Dalam Menarik Minat Berkunjung Wisatawan
Authors: Pandansari Dyah Ayu , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Kasiwi Aulia Nur 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peranan city branding dalam meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan di Kota Surakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah city branding merupakan salah satu upaya suatu kota untuk mempertahan kan eksistensi keunggulan daerahnya dalam persaingan global melalui logo, tagline, simbol, maupun slogan. Hal tersebut merupakan suatu elemen penting dalam pengembangan aspek-aspek kehidupan di Kota, begitu pula dengan Surakarta yang merasa bahwa dalam upaya meningkatkan kualias kotanya perlu dilakukan branding hingga dunia internasional. Maka, city branding di kota Surakarta menggunakan tagline “Solo The Spirit Of Java” untuk menggambarkan identitas kota Surakarta kepada dunia bahwa kota Surakarta merupakan pusat peradaban kebudayaan Jawa sehingga menyatakan diri bahwa Solo adalah jiwanya Jawa. Strategi pemerintah kota Surakarta dalam rangka menarik minat berkunjung wisatawan yaitu melalui atraksi-atraksi kebudayaan, festival-festival seni dan budaya, dan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana yang mampu mengakomodir kebutuhan wisatawan. Selain itu, pemerintah juga menggandeng komunitas, dan swasta atau pihak eksternal birokrat dalam melakukan komunikasi branding. Akan tetapi, komunikasi dan konsistensi dalam melakukan promosi branding harus diiringi dengan sinergitas antar aktor-aktor yang terlibat sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan utama dari city branding. Rekomendasi untuk pemerintah dalam melakukan branding yaitu konsistensi branding yang digunakan sebagai wujud identitas kota Surakarta karena didalam tagline “Solo The Spirit Of Java” terdapat beberapa sub-branding yang juga dipasarkan kepada publik.

Kata kunci; City Branding; Minat Berkunjung; Kota Surakarta.
MOMENTUM PENATAAN ULANG ORGANISASI PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN/ KOTA PADA ERA “NEW NORMAL”
Authors: Rohmadin, S.STP., M.Si Sulthon , Wasistiono Sadu 
Published: May 2021

Pandemi virus corona menuntut seluruh sektor untuk berbenah dan menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi normal baru (new normal), tidak terkecuali organisasi Pemerintah Daerah. Pemerintah Daerah sebaiknya melakukan beberapa langkah perubahan untuk memberikan dorongan (driving force) agar organisasi pemerintah daerah lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menjalan tugas dan fungsinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan konsep baru dalam rangka penataan organisasi pemerintah daerah di era “new normal“ serta menghadapi revolusi industry 4.0 dengan menggunakan metode penelitian studi literatur. Konsep baru yang ditawarkan dalam penataaan organisasi pemerintah daerah mencakup 6 (enam) aspek, diantaranya aspek strategi, aspek struktur, aspek proses, aspek masyarakat, aspek teknologi dan aspek kepemimpinan.
Relasi Agama dan Negara untuk Pencapaian Tujuan Pemerintahan
Authors: Anggara Ikang Putra , Utama Alip Susilowati 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

Persoalan yang sejak awal kemerdekaan Indonesia hingga kini belum selesai adalah tentang hubungan agama khususnya Islam dengan Negara. Beberapa contoh yang terekam oleh sejarah misalnya peristiwa pemberontakan yang dikenal dengan nama Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) serta Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia. Kasus mutakhir yang menunjukkan tentang ketegangan hubungan agama dan Negara di Indonesia adalah terkait upaya penanganan kasus radikalisme dan terorisme yang dirasakan oleh umat Islam terkesan menyudutkan dan menstigmatisasi kelompok Islam saja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan agama dan Negara menurut perspektif ormas Islam dan kelompok keagamaan di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu yang diukur dari pandangan informan tentang hubungan yang ideal antara agama Islam dengan negara, eksistensi negara-bangsa Indonesia yang berdasar pada Pancasila, memaknai keberadaan kelompok radikalis dan teroris dalam Islam, serta alternatif upaya dalam menangani persoalan radikalisme dan terorisme di Negara Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Agama; Negara; Radikalisme; Terorisme
Exosomes Isolated From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exert a Protective Effect on Osteoarthritis via lncRNA LYRM4-AS1-GRPR-miR-6515-5p
Authors: Wang Xiuhui , Li Zhuokai , Cui Yin , Cui Xu , Chen Cheng , Wang Zhe 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exosomes isolated from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on osteoarthritis (OA) and a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.MethodsExosomes were isolated from human BMSCs and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nanosight (NTA), and western blotting. Chondrocytes were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and then transfected with exosomes. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. Cells with IL-1β and exosomes were sequenced, and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified. Thereafter, a ceRNA network (LYRM4-AS1-GRPR-miR-6515-5p) was chosen for further validation.ResultsTEM, NTA, and western blotting showed that exosomes were successfully isolated, and PKH67 staining showed that exosomes could be taken up by IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Compared with the control group, IL-1β significantly decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis (P &lt; 0.05), while exosomes reversed the changes induced by IL-1β. For MMP3, AKT, and GRPR, IL-1β upregulated their expression, while exosomes downregulated their expression. For PTEN, there was no significant difference in PTEN expression between the control and IL-1β groups; however, exosomes markedly upregulated PTEN expression. By sequencing, 907 DE-lncRNAs and 25 DE-miRNAs were identified, and a ceRNA network was constructed. The dual-luciferase reporter gene indicated that LYRM4-AS1, miR-6515-5, and GRPR interacted with each other. The results of cell experiments showed that LYRM4-AS1 regulated the growth of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes by GRPR/miR-6515-5p.ConclusionExosomes may alleviate OA inflammation by regulating the LYRM4-AS1/GRPR/miR-6515-5p signaling pathway.
Metformin Reverses Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis by Regulating Key Immune Events
Authors: Jia Xi , Zhai Tianyu , Qu Chunjie , Ye Jianjun , Zhao Jing , Liu Xuerong , Zhang Jin-an , Qian Qiaohui 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundHashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by high levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroid globulin antibody (TgAb) as well as infiltration of lymphocytes in thyroid. In recent years, metformin has been proven to be effective in a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.MethodsThis study systematically explored the therapeutic effect of metformin on HT and its underlying mechanism by comprehensively utilizing methods including animal model, in vitro cell culture and differentiation, mRNA sequencing and 16S rRNA sequencing.FindingsWe found that metformin indeed had a therapeutic effect on mice with HT mainly by reducing TgAb and lymphocyte infiltration in thyroid tissue. In addition, metformin also significantly suppressed the number and function of Th17 cells and M1 macrophages polarization in HT mice. Furthermore, metformin can inhibit the differentiation and function of Th17 in vitro. The results of mRNA sequencing of thyroid tissue illustrated that the therapeutic effect of metformin on HT was mainly achieved by regulating immune pathways. 16S RNA sequencing of the intestinal flora found that the intestinal flora of HT mice differs significantly from that of the normal mice and also were altered by metformin treatment.InterpretationThese experiments provided a preliminary theoretical basis for the clinical application of metformin in the treatment of HT.
Ginsenoside Rb1 Enhances Plaque Stability and Inhibits Adventitial Vasa Vasorum via the Modulation of miR-33 and PEDF
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Lei , Zhang Zihao , Hu Jiayi , Liu Xiaoling , Wen Hao , Liu Minghao , Zhang Xue , Dai Hongyan , Ni Mei , Li Rui , Guo Rong , Zhang Lei , Luan Xiaorong , Lin Huili , Dong Mei , Lu Huixia 
Published: May 2021

Background: Atherosclerosis is closely associated with proliferation of the adventitial vasa vasorum, leading to the atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability. In this report, we investigated the role of Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) on atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) along with the mechanisms involved.Methods and Results: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 weeks, and then Ginsenoside Rb1 (50 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal) was given for 4 weeks. Rb1 treatment significantly inhibited adventitial VV proliferation, alleviated inflammation, decreased plaque burden, and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques in apoE−/− mice. However, the beneficial effects of Rb1 on atherosclerotic lesion was attenuated by overexpression of miR-33. The analysis from atherosclerotic plaque revealed that Rb1 treatment could result in an induction of Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression and reduction of the miR-33 generation. Overexpression of miR-33 significantly reverted the Rb1-mediated elevation of PEDF and anti-angiogenic effect.Conclusions: Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates plaque growth and enhances plaque stability partially through inhibiting adventitial vasa vasorum proliferation and inflammation in apoE−/− mice. The anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammation effects of Rb1 are exerted via the modulation of miR-33 and its target gene PEDF.
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth
Authors: Borisova Anastassia Y. , Zagrtdenov Nail R. , Toplis Michael J. , Bohrson Wendy A. , Nédélec Anne , Safonov Oleg G. , Pokrovski Gleb S. , Ceuleneer Georges , Bindeman Ilya N. , Melnik Oleg E. , Jochum Klaus Peter , Stoll Brigitte , Weis Ulrike , Bychkov Andrew Y. , Gurenko Andrey A. , Shcheka Svyatoslav , Terehin Artem , Polukeev Vladimir M. , Varlamov Dmitry A. , Chariteiro Kouassi , Gouy Sophie , de Parseval Philippe 
Published: May 2021

Current theories suggest that the first continental crust on Earth, and possibly on other terrestrial planets, may have been produced early in their history by direct melting of hydrated peridotite. However, the conditions, mechanisms and necessary ingredients for this crustal formation remain elusive. To fill this gap, we conducted time-series experiments to investigate the reaction of serpentinite with variable proportions (from 0 to 87 wt%) of basaltic melt at temperatures of 1,250–1,300°C and pressures of 0.2–1.0 GPa (corresponding to lithostatic depths of ∼5–30 km). The experiments at 0.2 GPa reveal the formation of forsterite-rich olivine (Fo90–94) and chromite coexisting with silica-rich liquids (57–71 wt% SiO2). These melts share geochemical similarities with tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite rocks (TTG) identified in modern terrestrial oceanic mantle settings. By contrast, liquids formed at pressures of 1.0 GPa are poorer in silica (∼50 wt% SiO2). Our results suggest a new mechanism for the formation of the embryonic continental crust via aqueous fluid-assisted partial melting of peridotite at relatively low pressures (∼0.2 GPa). We hypothesize that such a mechanism of felsic crust formation may have been widespread on the early Earth and, possibly on Mars as well, before the onset of modern plate tectonics and just after solidification of the first ultramafic-mafic magma ocean and alteration of this primitive protocrust by seawater at depths of less than 10 km.
Correcting for Systematic Underestimation of Topographic Glacier Aerodynamic Roughness Values From Hintereisferner, Austria
Authors: Chambers Joshua R. , Smith Mark W. , Smith Thomas , Sailer Rudolf , Quincey Duncan J. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Nicholson Lindsey , Mertes Jordan , Stiperski Ivana , James Mike R. 
Published: May 2021

Spatially-distributed values of glacier aerodynamic roughness (z0) are vital for robust estimates of turbulent energy fluxes and ice and snow melt. Microtopographic data allow rapid estimates of z0 over discrete plot-scale areas, but are sensitive to data scale and resolution. Here, we use an extensive multi-scale dataset from Hintereisferner, Austria, to develop a correction factor to derive z0 values from coarse resolution (up to 30 m) topographic data that are more commonly available over larger areas. Resulting z0 estimates are within an order of magnitude of previously validated, plot-scale estimates and aerodynamic values. The method is developed and tested using plot-scale microtopography data generated by structure from motion photogrammetry combined with glacier-scale data acquired by a permanent in-situ terrestrial laser scanner. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the method to a regional-scale digital elevation model acquired by airborne laser scanning. Our workflow opens up the possibility of including spatio-temporal variations of z0 within glacier surface energy balance models without the need for extensive additional field data collection.
Immiscible CO2 Flooding Efficiency in Low-Permeability Reservoirs: An Experimental Investigation of Residual Oil Distribution
Authors: Yang Ying , Zhou Xiao-Feng , Sun Le-Yin , Wang An-Lun , Wei Jian-guang , Li Chen-Xi , Ke Xiang 
Published: May 2021

Residual oil distribution plays a critical role in understanding of the CO2flooding processes, but its quantitative research for reservoirs with different permeability levels rarely has been comprehensively conducted in the laboratory. This article presents the results of an experimental study on the immiscible CO2displacement efficiency in different permeability core samples and various oil distribution patterns prior to and after immiscible CO2flooding. Experiments were conducted on four core samples extracted from the selected oil field with a permeability range from 0.210–66.077 mD. The experimental results show that the immiscible CO2can mobilize oil in ultralow-permeability environment and achieve a reasonable displacement efficiency (40.98%). The contribution of different oil distribution patterns to displacement efficiency varies in reservoirs with different permeabilities. With the increase of core permeability, the contribution of cluster and intergranular pore oil distribution patterns to displacement efficiency increases. However, the oil displacement efficiency of corner and oil film patterns tends to increase with lower permeability. Therefore, immiscible CO2flooding is recommended for ultralow-permeability case, especially for reservoirs with larger amount of oil in corner and oil film distribution patterns. The oil displacement efficiency calculated by immiscible CO2flooding experiment results agrees reasonably well with the core frozen slices observation. The results of this study have practical significance that refers to the effective development of low-permeability reservoirs.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Ovine Hepatic Lymph Node Following Fasciola hepatica Infection – Inhibition of NK Cell and IgE-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Naranjo-Lucena Amalia , Correia Carolina N. , Molina-Hernández Verónica , Martínez-Moreno Álvaro , Browne John A. , Pérez José , MacHugh David E. , Mulcahy Grace 
Published: May 2021

Fasciola hepaticais a trematode parasite responsible for major economic losses in livestock production, and is also a food-borne zoonotic agent in developing rural regions. For years, the immunoregulatory mechanisms employed by the parasite have hampered efforts to develop a successful vaccine candidate. Given that a comprehensive understanding of the immune response to infection is needed, we investigated the gene expression changes in ovine hepatic lymph nodes after experimental infection withF. hepatica. Lymph nodes from uninfected and infected animals were processed for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at 16 weeks post-infection. Comparison of groups revealed 5,132 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). An inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways, which has previously been described during fasciolosis, was evident in our data. However, other signals previously identified in ruminant peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or liver tissue, such as activation of TGF-β or apoptosis-related pathways were not detected. We found inhibition of some key immunological pathways, including natural killer (NK) cell activity and IgE-mediated signaling. These may point to additional some as yet unrecognized mechanisms employed by the parasite to evade the host immune response. Understanding these, and leveraging information from this and other omics studies, will be important for the development of future vaccine prototypes against this parasite.
4D Printing of Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Composites Transducer Based on Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhang Qingqing , Zhou Chenyang , Shi Yusheng , Sun Ce , Sun Huajun , Yin Changxia , Hu Jiaming , Zhou Shuyu , Zhang Yuzhen , Fu Yu 
Published: May 2021

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric composites used in transducers were fabricated via direct ink writing (DIW) combined with furnace sintering and resin impregnation. A ceramic slurry with a volume fraction of 52 vol% and suitable viscoelasticity was prepared. After post-process, the PZT ceramic specimens showed a nanoscale grain size with a density of 7.63 g/cm3, accounting for 97.8% of the theoretical density. The effects of different printing rod spacing on the electrical properties of composites were evaluated and lucubrated. Finally, an underwater acoustic transducer was assembled by using the PZT piezoelectric composites fabricated by the above method. The electrical signal generated by the underwater acoustic transducer changed autonomously with the acoustic stimulation, which indicated the application mode of 4D printing in functional devices in the future.
Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in Northwestern China Who Had a History of Exposure in Wuhan City: Departure Time-Originated Pinpoint Surveillance
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Zhu Jianfei , Jia Chenghui , Xu Shuonan , Jiang Tao , Wang Shengyu 
Published: May 2021

Background: Most COVID-19 patients cannot provide a clear exposure time; therefore, this study was designed to predict the progression of COVID-19 by using the definite departure time from Wuhan.Methods: In this retrospective study, all cases were selected from Northwestern China, which has the lowest population density. As our study endpoints, the incubation period was defined as the date of departure from Wuhan City to the date of symptom onset; we defined the confirmed time as the interval from symptom onset to positive results (samples from the respiratory tract). Both of them were estimated by fitting a Weibull distribution on the departure date and symptom onset. The differences among the variables were analyzed.Results: A total of 139 patients were ultimately enrolled, and ~10.1% of patients (14 patients) had no symptoms during their disease course. We estimated the median incubation period to be 4.0 days (interquartile intervals, 2.0–8.0), and the 95th percentile of the distribution was 15.0 days. Moreover, ~5.6% of patients (7 patients) experienced symptoms 2 weeks after leaving. Furthermore, the estimation median interval from symptom onset to final diagnosis was 4.0 days (interquartile intervals, 2.0–6.0), and the 95th percentile of the distribution was 12.0 days. Finally, the median hospitalization time was 16.0 days, ranging from 3.0 to 45.0 days. Univariate analysis showed that age (P = 0.021) and severity status (P = 0.001) were correlated significantly with hospitalization time.Conclusions: We provide evidence that departure time can be used to estimate the incubation and confirmed times of patients infected with COVID-19 when they leave an epidemic area.
Early Prediction of Sepsis in the ICU Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moor Michael , Rieck Bastian , Horn Max , Jutzeler Catherine R. , Borgwardt Karsten 
Published: May 2021

Background: Sepsis is among the leading causes of death in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide and its recognition, particularly in the early stages of the disease, remains a medical challenge. The advent of an affluence of available digital health data has created a setting in which machine learning can be used for digital biomarker discovery, with the ultimate goal to advance the early recognition of sepsis.Objective: To systematically review and evaluate studies employing machine learning for the prediction of sepsis in the ICU.Data Sources: Using Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, we systematically searched the existing literature for machine learning-driven sepsis onset prediction for patients in the ICU.Study Eligibility Criteria: All peer-reviewed articles using machine learning for the prediction of sepsis onset in adult ICU patients were included. Studies focusing on patient populations outside the ICU were excluded.Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Moreover, a quality assessment of all eligible studies was performed.Results: Out of 974 identified articles, 22 and 21 met the criteria to be included in the systematic review and quality assessment, respectively. A multitude of machine learning algorithms were applied to refine the early prediction of sepsis. The quality of the studies ranged from “poor” (satisfying ≤ 40% of the quality criteria) to “very good” (satisfying ≥ 90% of the quality criteria). The majority of the studies (n = 19, 86.4%) employed an offline training scenario combined with a horizon evaluation, while two studies implemented an online scenario (n = 2, 9.1%). The massive inter-study heterogeneity in terms of model development, sepsis definition, prediction time windows, and outcomes precluded a meta-analysis. Last, only two studies provided publicly accessible source code and data sources fostering reproducibility.Limitations: Articles were only eligible for inclusion when employing machine learning algorithms for the prediction of sepsis onset in the ICU. This restriction led to the exclusion of studies focusing on the prediction of septic shock, sepsis-related mortality, and patient populations outside the ICU.Conclusions and Key Findings: A growing number of studies employs machine learning to optimize the early prediction of sepsis through digital biomarker discovery. This review, however, highlights several shortcomings of the current approaches, including low comparability and reproducibility. Finally, we gather recommendations how these challenges can be addressed before deploying these models in prospective analyses.Systematic Review Registration Number: CRD42020200133.