bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical study on swallowing function of brainstem stroke by tDCS
Authors: Mao Huiwen , Lyu Yi , Li Yan , Gan Lin , Ni Jiawei , Liu Liang , Xiao Zhengguang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with conventional comprehensive rehabilitation on dysphagia after brainstem stroke.

Materials and methods
Forty brainstem stroke patients were randomly divided into tDCS group and conventional comprehensive treatment group, including 20 patients in each group. Both groups were given routine swallowing function training, and tDCS group added transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) and Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS) were evaluated respectively before and after 8 weeks of continuous treatment with VFSS. The white blood cell (WBC), c-reactive protein, prealbumin (PAB), albumin (Alb), and hemoglobin (Hb) were also compared between the two groups before and after 8 weeks of continuous treatment.

Results
After 8 consecutive weeks of treatment, the score of DOSS scale and FDS scale in both groups was improved (P < 0.05), WBC and CRP were decreased (P < 0.05), and Alb and Hb were improved (P < 0.05), and PAB had no differences (P=0.474). The tDCS group was superior to conventional comprehensive group in improving the swallowing function and nutritional indexes (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
tDCS therapy combined with routine training can improve the swallowing function and nutritional status of patients, and reduce infection.
Current trend in treatment of glioblastoma in Japan: a national survey using the diagnostic procedure combination database (J-ASPECT study-glioblastoma)
Authors: Funakoshi Yusuke , Hata Nobuhiro , Kuga Daisuke , Hatae Ryusuke , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Fujioka Yutaka , Takigawa Kosuke , Yoshimoto Koji , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Iihara Koji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In the treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), treatment modalities, such as bevacizumab (BEV) and carmustine wafers implants have been approved in Japan since 2013. However, it is unclear whether such a trend in treatment complexity can accelerate treatment centralization. The aim of this study was to reveal the current trend in the treatment of GBM in Japan.

Methods
We used diagnostic procedure combination (DPC) database to analyze the data of 1,774 patients from 305 institutions between April 2016 and March 2019. To analyze the situations associated with first-line BEV use during concurrent TMZ (temozolomide)-radiotherapy, we compared TMZ alone and TMZ–BEV groups.

Results
Of the 1,774 patients with GBM, tumor removal by craniotomy was performed in 1,572 (88.6%) patients, and stereotactic biopsy was performed in 156 (8.8%) patients. A total of 1,229 (69.3%) patients underwent radiotherapy, and 1,287 (72.5%) patients underwent chemotherapy. TMZ alone was administered to 878 (68.2%) and TMZ combined with BEV in 381 (29.6%) patients. In the TMZ–BEV group, as compared to the TMZ-alone group, the rate of discharge to home was significantly lower (P = 0.0044), and the rate of stereotactic biopsy was significantly higher (P < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of patients between the TMZ alone and TMZ–BEV groups depending on the scale of institution (P = 0.1240).

Conclusion
First-line BEV administration seems to be selected properly regardless of the institutional scale. This Japan-wide study of GBM treatment revealed that high level and newly introduced treatments have been steadily generalized in Japanese institutions.
Student dropout at university: a phase-orientated view on quitting studies and changing majors
Authors: Bäulke Lisa , Grunschel Carola , Dresel Markus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudent dropout can be conceptualized as a decision-making process, consisting of different phases. Based on previous literature on student dropout, decision-making, and action-phases, we proposed that the process of developing dropout intentions includes the following phases: non-fit perception, thoughts of quitting/changing, deliberation, information search, and a final decision. In the present cross-sectional study, we empirically investigated if the assumed phases can be distinguished from each other, if the phases follow the presumed order, and whether each phase is associated with certain characteristics. Furthermore, we considered a strict separation between quitting studies completely and changing a major. For this purpose, we analyzed data of N = 1005 students (average age of 23.0 years; 53% female; 47% male) from a German University. By using confirmatory factor analyses, we found the supposed factor structure for the different phases concerning both kinds of dropout, quitting studies, and changing majors. In each process, structural equation modelling indicated positive relations between adjoining phases. The factor values correlated to a substantial amount with an assortment of variables associated with student dropout. On a theoretical level, the conception of different phases of student dropout helps to get a better understanding of regulatory processes in the context of student dropout.
Diauxic Inhibition: Jacques Monod's Ignored Work
Authors: Blaiseau Pierre Louis , Holmes Allyson M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiauxie is at the origin of research that led Jacques Monod (1910–1976), François Jacob (1920–2013), and André Lwoff (1902–1994) to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965 for their description of the first genetic regulatory model. Diauxie is a term coined by Jacques Monod in 1941 in his doctoral dissertation that refers to microbial growth in two phases. In this article, we first examine Monod’s thesis to demonstrate how and why Monod interpreted diauxie as a phenomenon of enzyme inhibition or suppression of adaptive enzymes. We also briefly investigate prior enzyme suppression studies, before Monod’s work, which indicate that he is the first person to observe diauxic growth. Second, we analyse Monod’s post-thesis publications throughout his scientific career, revealing that diauxic inhibition was a significant part of Monod’s scientific activities and greatly fascinated Monod until the end of his life. Paradoxically, Monod’s work and interest on diauxic inhibition are still neglected in historical recounts, focused mostly on Monod’s enzymatic adaptation studies. Indeed, we uncovered a statement by Monod’s colleague, Lwoff, who transformed a quotation from Monod by replacing the word phenomenon with enzymatic adaptation, which we believe has influenced historians. Finally, we offer hypotheses to explain why Lwoff altered Monod’s statement.
3D-printing on textiles – an investigation on adhesion properties of the produced composite materials
Authors: Gorlachova Maryna , Mahltig Boris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe actual paper is related to adhesive properties of 3D objects printed on cotton textile fabrics. For practical applications of 3D prints in the textile sector, the adhesion of the printed object on the textile substrate is an important issue. In the current study, two different types of polymers are printed on cotton – polylactide acid (PLA) and polyamide 6.6 (Nylon). Altogether six cotton fabrics differing in structure, weight and thickness are evaluated. Also, the effect of washing and enzymatic desizing is investigated. For printing parameters, best results are gained for elevated process temperatures, intermediate printing speed and low Z-distance between printing head and substrate. Also, a textile treatment by washing and desizing can improve the adhesion of an afterwards applied 3D print. The presented results are quite useful for future developments of 3D printing applications on textile substrates, e.g. to implement new decorative features or protective functions.
Earthquake location in tectonic structures of the Alpine Chain: the case of the Constance Lake (Central Europe) seismic sequence
Authors: D’Ajello Caracciolo Francesca , Console Rodolfo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA set of four magnitude Ml ≥ 3.0 earthquakes including the magnitude Ml = 3.7 mainshock of the seismic sequence hitting the Lake Constance, Southern Germany, area in July–August 2019 was studied by means of bulletin and waveform data collected from 86 seismic stations of the Central Europe-Alpine region. The first single-event locations obtained using a uniform 1-D velocity model, and both fixed and free depths, showed residuals of the order of up ± 2.0 s, systematically affecting stations located in different areas of the study region. Namely, German stations to the northeast of the epicenters and French stations to the west exhibit negative residuals, while Italian stations located to the southeast are characterized by similarly large positive residuals. As a consequence, the epicentral coordinates were affected by a significant bias of the order of 4–5 km to the NNE. The locations were repeated applying a method that uses different velocity models for three groups of stations situated in different geological environments, obtaining more accurate locations. Moreover, the application of two methods of relative locations and joint hypocentral determination, without improving the absolute location of the master event, has shown that the sources of the four considered events are separated by distances of the order of one km both in horizontal coordinates and in depths. A particular attention has been paid to the geographical positions of the seismic stations used in the locations and their relationship with the known crustal features, such as the Moho depth and velocity anomalies in the studied region. Significant correlations between the observed travel time residuals and the crustal structure were obtained.
Scan Once, Analyse Many: Using Large Open-Access Neuroimaging Datasets to Understand the Brain
Authors: Madan Christopher R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe are now in a time of readily available brain imaging data. Not only are researchers now sharing data more than ever before, but additionally large-scale data collecting initiatives are underway with the vision that many future researchers will use the data for secondary analyses. Here I provide an overview of available datasets and some example use cases. Example use cases include examining individual differences, more robust findings, reproducibility–both in public input data and availability as a replication sample, and methods development. I further discuss a variety of considerations associated with using existing data and the opportunities associated with large datasets. Suggestions for further readings on general neuroimaging and topic-specific discussions are also provided.
Dem Anfang auf der Spur — die Suche nach DNA-Replikationsursprüngen
Authors: Kruse Elisabeth , Hamperl Stephan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTimely and accurate duplication of DNA prior to cell division is a prerequisite for propagation of the genetic material to both daughter cells. DNA synthesis initiates at discrete sites, termed replication origins, and proceeds in a bidirectional manner until all genomic DNA is replicated. Despite the fundamental nature of these events, a uniform method that identifies origins of replication in a comprehensive manner is still missing. Here, we present currently available and discuss new approaches to map replication origins in mammalian genomes.
Mit Tropfenmikrofluidik zu Hochgeschwindigkeits-Biotechnologie
Authors: Kästner Bianka , Hengoju Sundar , Svensson Carl-Magnus , Figge Marc Thilo , Rosenbaum Miriam A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn recent years, microfluidic technologies were introduced for massively parallel cultivation and screening approaches. Individual cells can easily be singularized, compartmentalized, and cultivated from mixed inocula using droplet microfluidics. The generation of millions of droplets in a high-throughput manner enables studying diverse samples and combining the evaluation of genetic and phenotypic variants. It is a powerful tool to explore and exploit natural metabolic diversity.
Spatial analysis of atmospheric discharges in Lubelszczyzna in 2018
Authors: Misztal Kamil , Siłuch Marcin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyse lightning discharges over the Lublin region in 2018 using GIS tools. The methods and systems for detection and location of lightning discharges were presented. The impact of terrain coverage, height above sea level, and location of transceiver stations of mobile operators on the occurrence of discharges was shown. The study provides knowledge of theoretically safer areas and those particularly vulnerable to lightning strikes. Additionally, statistics related to lightning discharges over the Lublin region in 2018 were presented. The analyses were carried out on vector data on the atmospheric discharges, vector data from the transceiver stations, vector data containing information on administrative units, and data from the CORINE Land Cover 2018 and on the digital elevation model. The results of the analyses confirmed that areas of airports are particularly exposed to lightning strikes, whereas beaches and sand dunes are the safest areas. It was also found that lightning strikes more often hit coniferous forests than deciduous forests. As indicated by the statistics, May is the month with the largest number of stormy days, while the largest number of lightning strikes is July.
Annual effective dose from 222Rn in groundwater of a Nigeria University campus area
Authors: Isinkaye Matthew O. , Matthew-Ojelabi Fadeke , Adegun Clement O. , Fasanmi Paulinah O. , Adeleye Fatai A. , Olowomofe Olawale G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRadon, the heaviest among the noble gases in the periodic table of element is a radioactive nuclide that is naturally available in rocks, soil and water. It has become the subject of many research efforts in recent years due to its leading role in causing cancer. In this study, a total of 68 groundwater samples were collected and assayed using alpha spectrometry with RAD7 radon detector with RAD-H2O accessories manufactured by Durridge CO (USA). The 222Rn concentration measured were in the range of 0.6–36.2 Bq L−1 with an average of 13.33 Bq L−1, 7.0–41.5 Bq L−1 with mean value 23.3 Bq L−1 and 0.6–27.4 Bq L−1 with an average value of 7.4 Bq L−1 for hand dug wells (HDW), hand pumped boreholes (HPB) and motorized boreholes (MBH), respectively. About 54, 86 and 15% of samples from the HDW, HPB and MBH, respectively, exceeded the parametric reference level of 11.1 Bq L−1 suggested by United State of America Environmental Protection Agency but lower than the permissible limit of 100 Bq L−1 by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union. The average annual effective doses resulting from inhalation and ingestion of radon in water obtained for the three groundwater sources are less than recommended limits by WHO and ICRP. The data obtained from this study are comparable with similar studies conducted in Nigeria and other parts of the world as reported in literature. Continuous radon monitoring in drinking water and indoor environment is however recommended for the study area.
MT1JP-mediated miR-24-3p/BCL2L2 axis promotes Lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: Yu Ting , Yu Jiajian , Lu Lu , Zhang Yize , Zhou Yadong , Zhou Yong , Huang Fengling , Sun Lu , Guo Zhixian , Hou Guojun , Dong Zihui , Wang Bibo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Lenvatinib is a long-awaited alternative to Sorafenib for first-line targeted therapy of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, resistance to Lenvatinib results in tumor progression and has become a major obstacle to improving the prognosis of HCC patients. Exploring the mechanisms underlying Lenvatinib resistance is considered essential for the treatment of advanced HCC.

Methods
Lenvatinib resistant HCC (LR-HCC) cells were generated and potential long non-coding RNAs (Lnc-RNAs) upregulated in LR-HCC cells were identified by RNA sequencing. The effects of upregulated Lnc-RNAs were evaluated in vitro in cell models and in vivo in experimental animals using quantitative cell viability and apoptosis assays.

Results
We found that Lnc-RNA MT1JP (MT1JP) was upregulated in LR-HCC cells and inhibited the apoptosis signaling pathway. In addition, we found that sponging of microRNA-24-3p by MT1JP released Bcl-2 like 2 (BCL2L2), an anti-apoptotic protein, thereby forming a positive-feedback loop. The role of this feedback loop was validated using rescue assays. Additionally, we found that upregulation of MT1JP and BCL2L2 impaired the sensitivity of HCC cells to Lenvatinib both vitro and vivo.

Conclusions
Our results suggest a novel molecular feedback loop between MT1JP and apoptosis signaling in Lenvatinib sensitive HCC cells.
Promoting equity in retreat through voluntary property buyout programs
Authors: Kraan Caroline M. , Hino Miyuki , Niemann Jennifer , Siders A. R. , Mach Katharine J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVoluntary property buyouts have been the most prevalent form of managed retreat in the USA to date. Tens of thousands of households have sold their flood-prone homes to the government, and after the structures are demolished, the land becomes open space. Concerns have been raised about the equity of buyout processes and outcomes, spanning distributive, procedural, and interactional dimensions of social justice. In this policy analysis, we first provide an overview of equity and justice issues in buyouts based on existing literature. We consider multiple relevant stakeholder groups: the communities in which buyouts occur, potential participants and relocating households, residents who choose to stay, and the destination communities. Second, we present policy options that may address and reduce existing social inequities in buyouts. Third, we outline how improved reporting on buyout programs by implementers can support buyout policy learning that will improve buyout outcomes and equity. Indicators can provide insight on who has access to buyouts, the effect of buyout implementation on outcomes, and the consequences of relocating—or not—for all affected. With increasing climate risks, voluntary property buyouts will remain an important means of reducing exposure to flooding and other hazards. For this method of retreat to occur effectively at greater scale, attention to social justice in program evaluation and policy learning is necessary.
Fast prototyping of a local fuzzy search system for decision support and retraining of hospital staff during pandemic
Authors: Bakin Evgeny A. , Stanevich Oksana V. , Danilenko Daria M. , Lioznov Dmitry A. , Kulikov Alexander N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic showed an urgent need for decision support systems to help doctors at a time of stress and uncertainty. However, significant differences in hospital conditions, as well as skepticism of doctors about machine learning algorithms, limit their introduction into clinical practice. Our goal was to test and apply the principle of ”patient-like-mine” decision support in rapidly changing conditions of a pandemic.

Methods
In the developed system we implemented a fuzzy search that allows a doctor to compare their medical case with similar cases recorded in their medical center since the beginning of the pandemic. Various distance metrics were tried for obtaining clinically relevant search results. With the use of R programming language, we designed the first version of the system in approximately a week. A set of features for the comparison of the cases was selected with the use of random forest algorithm implemented in Caret. Shiny package was chosen for the design of GUI.

Results
The deployed tool allowed doctors to quickly estimate the current conditions of their patients by means of studying the most similar previous cases stored in the local health information system. The extensive testing of the system during the first wave of COVID-19 showed that this approach helps not only to draw a conclusion about the optimal treatment tactics and to train medical staff in real-time but also to optimize patients’ individual testing plans.

Conclusions
This project points to the possibility of rapid prototyping and effective usage of ”patient-like-mine” search systems at the time of a pandemic caused by a poorly known pathogen.
Institutional Review Board Preparedness for Disaster Research: a Practical Approach
Authors: Packenham Joan P. , Rosselli Richard , Fothergill Alice , Slutsman Julia , Ramsey Steve , Hall Janet E. , Miller Aubrey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewDisasters are becoming more common and challenge national and global resiliency and response efforts. As a result, government agencies have increased interest in disaster research to understand their environmental impact and health-related consequences. With the research field greatly expanding, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are being asked to review research protocols aimed at assessing health risks, exposures, and outcomes from disaster survivors. Few IRBs have experience reviewing disaster research protocols. This article describes approaches for IRB preparedness in reviewing disaster research.Recent FindingsFrom a human research protections perspective, primary attention has focused on vulnerability of individuals and/or populations affected by a disaster who may serve as research participants [3, 4]. From our review of the current literature, there is a lack of best practices and/or guidance for IRBs in the review of disaster research protocols.SummaryThe growth of the disaster research field has brought more attention to potential ethical concerns of disaster research studies. Disaster survivors, responders, and those that assist in cleanup and remedial efforts may be left with significant unmet needs and long-term physical and emotional challenges as a result of their experiences. It is important for IRBs and investigators to collaboratively address how best to protect the welfare of individuals and communities affected by a disaster. A new approach is needed to systematically consider the various factors relevant to an assessment of human research protection issues following disasters.
Retrieval Practice for Improving Long-Term Retention in Anatomical Education: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Azzam Mohammad B. , Easteal Ronald A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIt is generally assumed by students that learning takes place during repeated episodes of rereading and rote memorization of course materials. Over the past few decades, however, research has increasingly indicated that the said notion can and should be enhanced with learning paradigms such as retrieval practice (RP). RP occurs when students practice retrieving their consolidated semantic memories by informally testing themselves. This strategy results in the re-encoding and re-consolidation of existing semantic memories, thus strengthening their schemas. The purpose of this quasi-experimental design was to assess the effects of the implementation of RP on student performance on the final exam in a large, undergraduate Gross Anatomy course. It was hypothesized that student participation in RP during class would improve their performance on the final exam in the course. The participants (N = 248) were mainly in Life Sciences, Kinesiology, and Physical Education programs. They answered RP questions using TopHat©, an online educational software platform. The results of this study indicated that student performance on the final exam was enhanced when students engaged in RP. It was concluded that the use of RP effectively enhances learning and long-term retention of semantic memory. In addition to the traditional testing ‘of’ learning, teachers are encouraged to implement testing, in the form of RP, in their classrooms ‘for’ learning.