bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global comparison of the circumscription and compromise theory of career development in science career aspirations
Authors: Jones Lee Kenneth , Hite Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobally, science interest in diminishing among students, and as a result the science career field has begun to suffer from a lack of science career aspirations. The issue is especially relevant in developed countries, such as the United States, Japan, and South Korea, because of their policies and efforts to promote science and science education with students in their country. This study uses the circumscription and compromise (C&C) theory of career development to ascertain what factors are contributing to the lack of science career aspirations. Data were sourced from a cross‐national, K‐12, expanded Draw‐a‐Scientist Test that was collected as part of a larger study on students’ science perceptions. A binary logistic regression was used to determine what factors, if any, were significant predictors of science circumscription in each of the four C&C stages. The factors tested were age grouping (6–8, 9–13, and 14–19), location (the United States, South Korea, Jamaica, Japan, and El Salvador), and gender. Results found that age was a significant predictor in all four stages, whereas gender was only significant in two. Significant variation between countries only occurred in stage 1 and stage 3.
Kidney transplant recipients’ attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccination and barriers and enablers to vaccine acceptance
Authors: Tharmaraj Dhakshayini , Dendle Claire , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Mulley William R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify barriers and enablers to COVID‐19 vaccination in renal transplant recipients who are undecided about vaccination.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to 876 adult kidney transplant recipients at a tertiary referral service, who had not been vaccinated against COVID‐19. The survey assessed willingness to be vaccinated, attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccines, and barriers and enablers to proceeding with vaccination.ResultsThe survey response rate was 54% (473/876). Three hundred and forty‐six (73.1%) participants planned to receive vaccination (yes group), 105 (22.2%) were undecided, and 22 (4.7%) refused vaccination. The undecided group were younger but were not different in other demographic characteristics to the yes group. The undecided group were less positive toward (34.29% vs. 91.3%, p < .001) and more concerned about (93.3% vs. 25.1%, p < .001) vaccination than the yes group. Their concerns related to vaccine safety (including harm to their transplant), poor efficacy, and a lack of rigorous testing in transplant recipients. Undecided recipients had received less vaccine‐specific information from medical specialists than the yes group. Most undecided participants (95.1%) were willing to proceed with vaccination with appropriate supports. The most desired supports were information and a recommendation to proceed with vaccination from their treating transplant specialist and team.Conclusion(s)Concerns about vaccine safety (including harm to transplant), poor vaccine efficacy, and lack of rigorous testing were barriers to vaccine uptake. Most undecided recipients would proceed with vaccination with specific recommendations and vaccine information provided by their transplant specialist/team. These simple interventions can be readily implemented to optimize vaccine uptake.
Implications and Recommendations for Equivalence Testing in Measures of Movement Behaviors: A Scoping Review
Authors: O’Brien Myles W. 
Published: October 2021

Equivalence testing may provide complementary information to more frequently used statistical procedures because it determines whether physical behavior outcomes are statistically equivalent to criterion measures. A caveat of this procedure is the predetermined selection of upper and lower bounds of acceptable error around a specified zone of equivalence. With no clear guidelines available to assist researchers, these equivalence zones are arbitrarily selected. A scoping review of articles implementing equivalence testing was performed to determine the validity of physical behavior outcomes; the aim was to characterize how this procedure has been implemented and to provide recommendations. A literature search from five databases initially identified potentially 1,153 articles which resulted in the acceptance of 19 studies (20 arms) conducted in children/youth and 40 in adults (49 arms). Most studies were conducted in free-living conditions (children/youth = 13 arms; adults = 22 arms) and employed a ±10% equivalence zone. However, equivalence zones ranged from ±3% to ±25% with only a subset using absolute thresholds (e.g., ±1,000 steps/day). If these equivalence zones were increased or decreased by ±5%, 75% (15/20, children/youth) and 71% (35/49, adults), they would have exhibited opposing equivalence test outcomes (i.e., equivalent to nonequivalent or vice versa). This scoping review identifies the heterogeneous usage of equivalence testing in studies examining the accuracy of (in)activity measures. In the absence of evidence-based standardized equivalence criteria, presenting the percentage required to achieve statistical equivalence or using absolute thresholds as a proportion of the SD may be a better practice than arbitrarily selecting zones a priori.
Feasibility and Validity of Assessing Low-Income, African American Older Adults’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Through Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Maher Jaclyn P. , Sappenfield Kourtney , Scheer Heidi , Zecca Christine , Hevel Derek J. , Kennedy-Malone Laurie 
Published: October 2021

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a methodological tool that can provide novel insights into the prediction and modeling of physical behavior; however, EMA has not been used to study physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior (SB) among racial minority older adults. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and validity of an EMA protocol to assess racial minority older adults’ PA and SB. For 8 days, older adults (n = 91; 89% African American; 70% earning <$20,000/year) received six randomly prompted, smartphone-based EMA questionnaires per day and wore an activPAL monitor to measure PA and SB. The PA and SB were also self-reported through EMA. Participants were compliant with the EMA protocol on 92.4% of occasions. Participants were more likely to miss an EMA prompt in the afternoon compared to morning and on weekend days compared to weekdays. Participants were less likely to miss an EMA prompt when engaged in more device-based SB in the 30 min around the prompt. When participants self-reported PA, they engaged in less device-based PA in the 15 min after compared to the 15 min before the EMA prompt, suggesting possible reactance or disruption of PA. EMA-reported PA and SB were positively associated with device-based PA and SB in the 30 min around the EMA prompt, supporting criterion validity. Overall, the assessment of low-income, African American older adults’ PA and SB through EMA is feasible and valid, though physical behaviors may influence compliance and prompting may create reactivity.
Access to paediatric surgery: the geography of inequality in Nigeria
Authors: El Vilaly Mohamed Abd salam , Jones Maureen A , Stankey Makela Cordero , Seyi-Olajide Justina , Onajin-Obembe Bisola , Dasogot Andat , Klug Stefanie J , Meara John G , Ameh Emmanuel A , Osagie Olabisi O , Juran Sabrina 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAbout 96.3 million children and adolescents aged 0–19 years reside in Nigeria, comprising 54% of the population. Without adequate access to surgery for commonly treatable diseases, many face disability and increased risk of mortality. Due to this population’s unique perioperative needs, increasing access to paediatric surgical care requires a situational evaluation of the distribution of paediatric surgeons and anaesthesiologists. This study’s aim is to identify the percentage of Nigerian youth who reside within 2 hours of paediatric surgical care at the state and national level.MethodsThe Association of Paediatric Surgeons of Nigeria and the Nigeria Society of Anaesthetists provided surgical and anaesthesia workforce data by state. Health facilities with paediatric surgeons were converted to point locations and integrated with ancillary geospatial layers and population estimates from 2016 and 2017. Catchment areas of 2 hours of travel time around a facility were deployed as the benchmark indicator to establish timely access.ResultsAcross Nigeria’s 36 states and Federal Capital Territory, the percentage of Nigeria’s 0–19 population residing within 2 hours of a health facility with a paediatric surgical and anaesthesia workforce ranges from less than 2% to 22.7%–30.5%. In 3 states, only 2.1%–4.8% of the population can access a facility within 2 hours, 12 have 4.9%–13.8%, and 8 have 13.9%–22.6%.ConclusionThere is significant variation across Nigerian states regarding access to surgical care, with 69.5%–98% of Nigeria’s 0–19 population lacking access. Developing paediatric surgical services in underserved Nigerian states and investing in the training of paediatric surgical and anaesthesia workforce for those states are key components in improving the health of Nigeria’s 0–19 population and reducing Nigeria’s burden of surgical disease, in line with Nigeria’s National Surgical, Obstetrics, Anaesthesia and Nursing Plan.
‘I thought it would be a very clearly defined role and actually it wasn’t’: a qualitative study of transition training for pharmacists moving into general practice settings in Wales
Authors: Bartlett Sophie , Bullock Alison , Spittle Kate 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivePharmacists are increasingly contributing to the skill mix of general practice surgeries to help alleviate pressures faced by UK doctors working in primary care. However, they need support in overcoming barriers to their integration. The purpose of this work was to evaluate a programme designed to support pharmacists’ transition to working in general practice settings. We explored the learning needs of pharmacists’, the barriers and enablers to their integration and provide recommendations based on our results.InterventionA qualitative evaluation of a 1-year transition programme in Wales starting in September 2018 to support pharmacists’ transition to working in general practice settings.Design and settingWe employed an interpretative phenomenological approach involving 10 pharmacists across Wales enrolled on the transition to general practice training programme, and their tutors. Data were collected across two sequential phases: in phase 1 telephone interviews were held with pharmacists midway through their training; in phase 2, focus groups were conducted with both pharmacists and tutors towards the end of the programme.ResultsPharmacists enter general practice settings with a variety of prior experience. The programme provided a framework that pharmacists found helpful to map their experience to but the programme needed to be flexible to individual learning needs. The tutor role was typically regarded as the most valuable component, but interaction with the wider general practice team was critical to ease the transition. Pharmacists encountered a lack of clarity about their role which impeded their integration into the workplace team.ConclusionsA formal programme with a designated tutor can support pharmacists’ transition into general practice settings. The programme’s competency framework facilitated reciprocal understanding of the pharmacist’s role in the team, helped to manage expectations and enhanced collaborative practice. Recommendations to facilitate pharmacist integration into general practice settings are provided.
Level and predictors of dietary diversity among pregnant women in rural South-West Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kuma Melesse Niguse , Tamiru Dessalegn , Belachew Tefera 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of dietary diversity and associated factors among pregnant women in the rural communities of Jimma Zone, south-west Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 June to 30 June 2020.SettingsThe study was conducted in Seka Chekorsa and Mana districts. From a total of 63 listed kebeles, 21 were randomly selected.ParticipantsThree hundred sixty first-trimester pregnant women have participated in this study. We used a systematic random sampling method to select the participants after a home-to-home census.Primary and secondary outcomesDietary diversity was assessed using a 24 hours dietary recall method. Descriptive statistics were computed to describe the study subjects. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was run to control for all possible confounding effects and measure the strength of association between the outcome of interest and predictor.ResultsThe overall magnitude of adequate dietary diversity was found to be 186 (51.7%); 95% CI 46.1% to 56.4%). Having attended elementary education (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.45; 95% CI 1.33 to 4.51), completed grade 8 (AOR=6.05; 95% CI 2.65 to 13.80), attended high school (AOR=11.69; 95% CI 3.76 to 36.27), completed high school and above (AOR=2.92; 95% CI 1.16 to 7.32), husbands attended high school (AOR=2.92; 95% CI 1.15 to 7.47), family size of less than five (AOR=3.44; 95% CI to 1.77–6.66) were positively significantly associated with adequate dietary diversity. On the other hand, not had additional meal during pregnancy (AOR=0.42; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.83) was negatively associated with adequate dietary diversity.ConclusionsWe observed that the adequate dietary diversity score of pregnant women was low compared with the pooled proportion of dietary diversity conducted in Ethiopia. Therefore, strengthening and promoting female education through intersectoral collaborations and additional meal counselling during pregnancy is indispensable.
Trends and gaps in precision health research: a scoping review
Authors: Viana John Noel , Edney Sarah , Gondalia Shakuntla , Mauch Chelsea , Sellak Hamza , O'Callaghan Nathan , Ryan Jillian C 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo determine progress and gaps in global precision health research, examining whether precision health studies integrate multiple types of information for health promotion or restoration.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesSearches in Medline (OVID), PsycINFO (OVID), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature (Google Scholar) were carried out in June 2020.Eligibility criteriaStudies should describe original precision health research; involve human participants, datasets or samples; and collect health-related information. Reviews, editorial articles, conference abstracts or posters, dissertations and articles not published in English were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisThe following data were extracted in independent duplicate: author details, study objectives, technology developed, study design, health conditions addressed, precision health focus, data collected for personalisation, participant characteristics and sentence defining ‘precision health’. Quantitative and qualitative data were summarised narratively in text and presented in tables and graphs.ResultsAfter screening 8053 articles, 225 studies were reviewed. Almost half (105/225, 46.7%) of the studies focused on developing an intervention, primarily digital health promotion tools (80/225, 35.6%). Only 28.9% (65/225) of the studies used at least four types of participant data for tailoring, with personalisation usually based on behavioural (108/225, 48%), sociodemographic (100/225, 44.4%) and/or clinical (98/225, 43.6%) information. Participant median age was 48 years old (IQR 28–61), and the top three health conditions addressed were metabolic disorders (35/225, 15.6%), cardiovascular disease (29/225, 12.9%) and cancer (26/225, 11.6%). Only 68% of the studies (153/225) reported participants’ gender, 38.7% (87/225) provided participants’ race/ethnicity, and 20.4% (46/225) included people from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. More than 57% of the articles (130/225) have authors from only one discipline.ConclusionsAlthough there is a growing number of precision health studies that test or develop interventions, there is a significant gap in the integration of multiple data types, systematic intervention assessment using randomised controlled trials and reporting of participant gender and ethnicity. Greater interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to gather multiple data types; collectively analyse big and complex data; and provide interventions that restore, maintain and/or promote good health for all, from birth to old age.
Neuropathic agents in the management of pruritus in burn injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McGovern Christopher , Quasim Tara , Puxty Kathryn , Shaw Martin , Ng Wijnand , Gilhooly Charlotte , Arkoulis Nikolaos , Basler Michael , Macfarlane Alan , Paton Lia 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesPruritus is a common and often distressing complication after a burn injury. The purpose of this review is to explore the efficacy of drugs classically used to treat neuropathic pain in the management of pruritus after burn injury.MethodsA systematic literature search of medical databases was conducted to find studies investigating drugs listed in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline (CG173, “neuropathic pain in adults”) for the management of pruritus after burn injury in patients of any age. Controlled studies were stratified by the drug class studied and their risk of bias before conducting meta-analysis. A narrative review of case series or observational studies was presented. Severity of pruritus at any time point, with all quantitative and qualitative measures, was included.ResultsFifteen studies were included in the final analysis, 10 investigated the use of gabapentinoids, 4 studied doxepin, and 1 local anesthetic agents. Meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated that the use of gabapentinoids was associated with an improvement in mean VAS (Visual Analog Scale) 0–10 scores of 2.96 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20 to 4.73, p<0.001) when compared with placebo or antihistamine. A meta-analysis of four RCTs investigating topical doxepin showed an improvement in mean VAS scores of 1.82 (95% CI 0.55 to 3.09, p<0.001). However, when excluding two studies found to be at high risk of bias, no such improvement was found (−0.32, 95% CI −1.64 to –0.99, p=0.83).ConclusionThis study suggests that gabapentinoids are beneficial in the management of burn-related pruritus. There is a lack of evidence to suggest that doxepin is an effective treatment. Topical local anesthetic agents may be safe and beneficial, but studies are scarce.Level of evidenceSystematic review, level II.
Cancer Mortality in U.S.-Born versus Foreign-Born Asian American Groups (2008–2017)
Authors: Tripathi Osika , He Yuelin , Han Bridgette Y. , Paragas Darynn G. , Sharp Nora , Dan Shozen , Srinivasan Malathi , Palaniappan Latha P. , Thompson Caroline A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Asian Americans (AA) are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States with high proportions of immigrants. Nativity is important as cancer risk factors vary by country. We sought to understand differences in cancer mortality among AAs by nativity (foreign-born vs. U.S.-born).

Methods:
Ninety-eight thousand eight hundred and twenty-six AA (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese) decedents with cancer-related deaths from U.S. death certificates (2008–2017) were analyzed. Thirteen cancers that contribute significantly to Asian-American cancer mortality were selected and categorized by etiology: tobacco-related, screen-detected, diet-/obesity-related, and infection-related. Ten-year age-adjusted mortality rates [AAMR; 95% confidence interval (CI); per 100,00] and standardized mortality ratios (SMR; 95% CI) using foreign-born as the reference group were calculated.

Results:
Overall, foreign-born AAs had higher mortality rates than U.S.-born. Japanese U.S.-born males had the highest tobacco-related mortality rates [foreign-born AAMR: 43.02 (38.72, 47.31); U.S.-born AAMR: 55.38 (53.05, 57.72)]. Screen-detected death rates were higher for foreign-born than U.S.-born, except for among Japanese males [SMR 1.28 (1.21–1.35)]. Diet-/obesity-related AAMRs were higher among females than males and highest among foreign-born females. Foreign-born males and females had higher infection-related AAMRs than U.S.-born; the highest rates were foreign-born males—Korean [AAMR 41.54 (39.54, 43.53)] and Vietnamese [AAMR 41.39 (39.68, 43.09)].

Conclusions:
We observed substantial heterogeneity in mortality rates across AA groups and by nativity. Contrary to the Healthy Immigrant Effect, most foreign-born Asians were dying at higher rates than U.S.-born AAs.

Impact:
Disaggregated analysis of AA cancers, targeted and culturally tailored cancer screening, and treatments for infections among foreign-born Asians is critical for cancer prevention efforts.
Impact of Risk-Stratified Therapy on Health Status in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Dixon Stephanie B. , Chen Yan , Yasui Yutaka , Pui Ching-Hon , Hunger Stephen P. , Silverman Lewis B. , Ness Kirsten K. , Green Daniel M. , Howell Rebecca M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Kadan-Lottick Nina S. , Krull Kevin R. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Neglia Joseph P. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Mertens Ann C. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Nathan Paul C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Prior studies have identified that survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) report poor health status. It is unknown how risk-stratified therapy impacts the health status of ALL survivors.

Methods:
We estimated and compared the prevalence of self-reported poor health status among adult (≥18 years) survivors of childhood ALL diagnosed at age &lt;21 years from 1970 to 1999 and sibling controls, excluding proxy reports. Therapy combinations defined treatment groups representative of 1970s therapy (70s), standard- and high-risk 1980s and 1990s therapy (80sSR, 80sHR, 90sSR, 90sHR), and relapse/bone marrow transplant (R/BMT). Log-binomial models, adjusted for clinical and demographic factors, compared outcomes between groups using prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Among 5,119 survivors and 4,693 siblings, survivors were more likely to report poor health status in each domain including poor general health (13.5% vs. 7.4%; PR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.69–2.19). Compared with 70s, 90sSR and 90sHR were less likely to report poor general health (90sSR: PR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–0.98; 90sHR: PR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39–0.87), functional impairment (90sSR: PR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42–0.76; 90sHR: PR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42–0.95), and activity limitations (90sSR: 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45–0.83; 90sHR: PR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38–0.91). An added adjustment for chronic conditions in multivariable models partially attenuated 90sSR risk estimates.

Conclusions:
Risk-stratified ALL therapy has succeeded in reducing risk for poor general health, functional impairment, and activity limitations among more recent survivors of standard- and high-risk therapy.

Impact:
Future research into the relationship between risk-stratified therapy, health status, and late health outcomes may provide new opportunities to further improve late morbidity among survivors.