bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the role of mast cells in murine asthma models using Kit‐sufficient mast cell‐deficient animals
Authors: Pohlmeier Lea , Sonar Sanchaita Sriwal , Rodewald Hans‐Reimer , Kopf Manfred , Tortola Luigi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a frequent chronic disease that can potentially severely affect the respiratory capacity and well‐being of patients. Mast cells (MCs) are regarded as major players in human asthma due to their capacity to release crucial inflammatory mediators following allergen exposure. However, unambiguous characterization of their role in animal models has long been hindered by the unavailability of specific MC‐deficient models lacking confounding MC‐unrelated effects. This study aims to examine the role of MCs in Kit‐sufficient MC‐deficient Cpa3Cre/+ mice.MethodsWe used a variety of models of acute and chronic asthma employing distinct routes and regimes of sensitization. These sensitizations were done via the peritoneal cavity, the skin, or the lung. Additionally, different allergens, i.e. ovalbumin and house dust mite extract, were used.ResultsOur results show that the absence of MCs had no impact on the severity of allergic airway inflammation in any of the tested mouse models, as measured by leukocyte infiltration in the airways, cytokine expression, antibody production, airway hyper‐responsiveness and mucus production.ConclusionThis indicates that MCs do not play a major role in murine allergic airway inflammation.
Paediatric Acute onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Exploratory study finds no evidence of HLA class II association but high rate of autoimmunity in first‐degree relatives
Authors: Fernell Elisabeth , Sundin Mikael , Fasth Anders , Dinkler Lisa , Galazka Martyna , Gillberg Christopher , Johnson Mats 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPaediatric acute‐onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is defined by an acute onset of obsessive‐compulsive disorder and/or eating restrictions and at least two other severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. The condition is suspected to have an immune‐mediated pathophysiology, but reliable biomarkers have not been identified.MethodsWe hypothesised that PANS, like narcolepsy, might have a human leucocyte antigen (HLA) association, as found in 95% of children developing narcolepsy after H1N1 immunisation. Low resolution genotyping of the MHC class II antigens HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 was performed using two different PCR‐based methods. In addition, parents were interviewed regarding a detailed family history of autoimmune diseases in first‐degree relatives. A total of 18 children, aged 5–14 (mean 8.2) years at onset of PANS met symptom criteria.ResultsNo evident association between PANS and the specific HLA alleles examined was observed. In first‐degree relatives of 10 of the 18 children, an autoimmune disease had been diagnosed, and three of the 18 children themselves had an autoimmune disease.ConclusionNo HLA allele association such as seen in children with narcolepsy after H1N1 immunisation could be confirmed in this group of children with PANS. However, more than half the group had a first‐degree relative with a diagnosed autoimmune disease.
Insulin differentially modulates GABA signalling in hippocampal neurons and, in an age‐dependent manner, normalizes GABA‐activated currents in the tg‐APPSwe mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hammoud Hayma , Netsyk Olga , Tafreshiha Atieh S. , Korol Sergiy V. , Jin Zhe , Li Jin‐Ping , Birnir Bryndis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimWe examined if tonic γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐activated currents in primary hippocampal neurons were modulated by insulin in wild‐type and tg‐APPSwe mice, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model.MethodsGABA‐activated currents were recorded in dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal brain slices, from 8 to 10 weeks old (young) wild‐type mice and in dorsal DG granule cells in adult, 5‐6 and 10‐12 (aged) months old wild‐type and tg‐APPSwe mice, in the absence or presence of insulin, by whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology.ResultsIn young mice, insulin (1 nmol/L) enhanced the total spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSCT) density in both dorsal and ventral DG granule cells. The extrasynaptic current density was only increased by insulin in dorsal CA3 pyramidal neurons. In absence of action potentials, insulin enhanced DG granule cells and dorsal CA3 pyramidal neurons miniature IPSC (mIPSC) frequency, consistent with insulin regulation of presynaptic GABA release. sIPSCT densities in DG granule cells were similar in wild‐type and tg‐APPSwe mice at 5‐6 months but significantly decreased in aged tg‐APPSwe mice where insulin normalized currents to wild‐type levels. The extrasynaptic current density was increased in tg‐APPSwe mice relative to wild‐type littermates but, only in aged tg‐APPSwe mice did insulin decrease and normalize the current.ConclusionInsulin effects on GABA signalling in hippocampal neurons are selective while multifaceted and context‐based. Not only is the response to insulin related to cell‐type, hippocampal axis‐location, age of animals and disease but also to the subtype of neuronal inhibition involved, synaptic or extrasynaptic GABAA receptors‐activated currents.
Effects of a conventional mood stabilizer alone or in combination with second‐generation antipsychotics on recurrence rate and discontinuation rate in bipolar I disorder in the maintenance phase: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Kishi Taro , Sakuma Kenji , Okuya Makoto , Matsuda Yuki , Esumi Satoru , Hashimoto Yasuhiko , Hatano Masakazu , Miyake Nobumi , Miura Itaru , Mishima Kazuo , Iwata Nakao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesA systematic review and meta‐analysis of double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trials were conducted to examine how soon an increase in recurrence risk could be observed among bipolar I disorder (BDI) patients who were clinically stable with the combination therapy of mood stabilizers with second‐generation antipsychotics (SGA+MS) treatment following second‐generation antipsychotics discontinuation (i.e., MS alone) compared with SGA+MS maintenance.MethodsEmbase, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases were used for systematic literature searches until May/22/2020. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate of any mood episode at 6 months. The secondary outcomes were the recurrence rates of manic/hypomanic/mixed and depressive episodes and all‐cause discontinuation at 6 months. The recurrence rates at 1, 2, 3, 9, and 12 months were also investigated.ResultsEight studies (mean study duration = 58.25 ± 33.63 weeks) were identified (SGA+MS group [n = 1,456: 3 aripiprazole+MS studies, 1 lurasidone+MS study, 1 olanzapine+MS study, 2 quetiapine+MS studies, 1 ziprasidone+MS study] and placebo+MS group [n = 1,476]). Pooled SGA+MS exhibited lower recurrence rates of any mood episode, manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes, and depressive episodes as well as reduced all‐cause discontinuation at every observational point. The risk ratios (95% confidence interval) of the recurrence rate at 6 months were 0.51 (0.39–0.86) for any mood episode, 0.42 (0.30–0.59) for manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes, and 0.39 (0.28–0.54) for depressive episodes. The RR for all‐cause discontinuation was 0.67 (0.50–0.89). Both aripiprazole+MS and quetiapine+MS outperformed placebo+MS in the recurrence of any mood, manic/hypomanic/mixed, and depressive episodes at 6 months.ConclusionsSGA+MS prevented recurrence for up to 12 months for BDI compared with placebo+MS.
Effects of early intervention on parenting stress after preterm birth: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Girabent‐Farrés Montserrat , Jimenez‐Gónzalez Amanda , Romero‐Galisteo Rita Pilar , Amor‐Barbosa Marta , Bagur‐Calafat Caritat 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreterm infants have a higher risk of development disorders. Prematurity can be considered a source of stress, in both children and their parents, due to the high number of interventions that they require. Early intervention (EI) programmes have shown to have a positive influence on the neurodevelopment of children with neurological risk. On the other hand, parenting stress has a negative influence on the development of any child. This systematic review aimed to identify the effect of EI programmes on decreasing parenting stress suffered by parents of preterm babies.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of experimental studies in accordance with the PRISMA declaration guidelines were applied in this work.ResultsFifteen randomized clinical trials were included whose methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Stress data extraction was meta‐analysed using the inverse variance method in a random effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 heterogeneity statistic. The domains most commonly reported in the trials were the childcare‐related stress (Child Domain), personal discomfort (Parent Domain) and computation of both (Total Stress). The results showed significant (P < 0,05) and clinically relevant differences in favour of the EI programme group at 18 months and 5 years.ConclusionsThis review found moderate to strong evidence of the impact of EI programmes on the reduction of parenting stress in parents of preterm babies. These findings offer useful insights regarding the delivery of current support and the development of future family interventions. Finally, recommendations are provided for future intervention evaluation studies in this area.
Trabecular bone score and bone mineral density in patients with long‐term controlled acromegaly
Authors: Calatayud María , Pérez‐Olivares Martín Laura , Librizzi María Soledad , Lora Pablos David , González Méndez Violeta , Aramendi Ramos Mercedes , Martínez Diaz‐Guerra Guillermo , Hawkins Federico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveAcromegaly is associated with increased vertebral fracture (VFs) risk not correlated to bone mineral density (BMD). Trabecular bone score (TBS), related to bone microarchitecture, provides information on bone strength. This cross‐sectional study considered the usefulness of TBS and BMD to assess bone status in long‐term controlled acromegalic patients.Design, patients, measurements26 acromegaly patients (14 female and 12 males) were included in the study. A further 117 subjects were recruited as controls (58 females and 57 males). BMD was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), TBS was obtained applying Medimaps software 2.0. Biochemical parameters were determined by standardized techniques.Results73% of patients with acromegaly exhibited normal lumbar spine (LS) BMD. TBS was normal in 38% of acromegalic patients and partially degraded or degraded in 31% of patients, respectively. No differences were found in LS BMD between acromegalic patients and controls. TBS values were significantly lower in patients with acromegaly (1.27 ± 0.13 vs. 1.35 ± 0.17, p = .01). Postsurgical remission was associated with higher TBS values (1.35 ± 0.10 vs. 1.23 ± 0.13, p = .02) and pituitary radiotherapy treatment with lower TBS values (1.18 ± 0.12 vs. 1.31 ± 0.12, p = .004). On multivariate analysis, age, BMI and LS BMD were predictors of TBS changes in patients with acromegaly (p < .05).ConclusionsPatients with long‐term controlled acromegaly can exhibit deterioration of bone microstructure measured with TBS, despite BMD measurement not showing bone loss. Our study suggests that TBS is useful for monitoring the bone status changes in acromegalic patients.
Consensus statements on the clinical understanding and use of bupropion in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Wing‐King , Au Yeung Kwok‐Leung , Lam Ho‐Bun , Wong Chi‐Keung , Wong Ting‐Chi , Fu Chi‐Kin , Sham Shiu‐Kow , Au Ming‐Kai , Lam Tat‐Chung , Ki‐Yan Mak Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a local consensus to guide medical practitioners and psychiatrists on the use of bupropion in different psychiatric conditions in Hong Kong.MethodsBy utilizing the modified Delphi technique, a group of 10 local physicians with extensive experience in the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) developed and voted (using an anonymous, electronic voting system) on the practicality of recommendation of a set of consensus statements on the clinical use and understanding of bupropion in Hong Kong.ResultsThere was a very high degree of agreement among the panelists on the 11 finalized consensus statements.ConclusionsThe present consensus statements are developed as general recommendations for medical practitioners and psychiatrists to be practically referred to in clinical settings.
Wait expectations: The impact of delisting as an outcome from the kidney transplant waitlist
Authors: Sokas Claire , Cooper Zara , Salim Ali , Rodrigue James R. , Adler Joel T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile kidney transplantation is optimal for the treatment of end‐stage kidney disease, available organs do not meet demand. Little is known about the outcomes of patients who are delisted (removed from the waitlist) and unable to benefit from transplant. We describe patients who are delisted and their life expectancy after delisting.MethodsPatients ≥ 18 years listed for deceased donor kidney transplant between 01/2003 and 12/2013 were identified in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and followed through 12/2018. A competing risk model was used to measure the association of demographic and clinical factors with waitlist outcomes of delisting, transplant, and death. Multivariate Cox modeling was used to evaluate factors associated with death after delisting.ResultsOf 324,582 patients listed, 18.0% were delisted, most common reasons were “too sick” or “other.” After delisting, half (49.7%) had died by end of follow‐up; time to death after removal was 5 years. Increasing age and public insurance were associated with increased risk of death.ConclusionsNearly one in five patients will be delisted from the kidney transplant waitlist. These patients live a surprisingly long time after removal. Much remains unknown about these patients, which could be improved through data collection. Delisting is an important patient outcome that warrants further exploration.
Grizzled Skippers stuck in the south: Population‐level responses of an early‐successional specialist butterfly to climate across its UK range over 40 years
Authors: Bell Fiona , Botham Marc , Brereton Tom M. , Fenton Andy , Hodgson Jenny 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimClimate change has been predicted to facilitate poleward expansion of many early‐successional specialist invertebrates. The Grizzled Skipper, Pyrgus malvae, is a threatened butterfly in long‐term decline that has not met expectations of northern expansion in Britain, possibly indicating that climate change has not improved northern habitat suitability or that another driver (e.g. land use change) is masking its effects. Here, we explore the effect of climate on population size trends over four decades, and whether any regions show an improving population trend that may be a precursor to northern expansion. Examining detailed spatio‐temporal abundance data can reveal unexpected limitations to population growth that would not be detectable in widely used climate envelope models.LocationCentral and southern England.MethodsMixed models were used to investigate P. malvae population size in relation to time and monthly climate measures across its UK range since 1976, based on repeated transect walks.ResultsWe found that P. malvae population size declined more over time in the north and west of its UK range than in the south and east, and was negatively related to high December temperature and summer rainfall. However, the effect sizes of temperature and rainfall were minimal.Main ConclusionsThe last 40 years of climate change have not ameliorated climate suitability for P. malvae at its range edge, contrary to expectations from spatial‐only climate envelope models. The clear long‐term downward trends in population size are independent of climate change and we propose probably due to habitat deterioration. Our findings highlight potential hazards in predicting species range expansions from spatial models alone. Although some climate variables may be associated with a species’ distribution, other factors may be more dominant drivers of trends and therefore more useful predictors of range changes.
Barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation for young people and adults with childhood‐onset physical disability: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Mckenzie Georgia , Willis Claire , Shields Nora 
Published: February 2021

AimTo understand the attitudes, barriers, and facilitators to physical activity participation for young people and adults with childhood‐onset physical disability.MethodSeven electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, AMED, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and ERIC) were searched to November 2019. English language studies were included if they investigated attitudes, barriers, or facilitators to physical activity for young people (≥15y) or adults with childhood‐onset physical disabilities. Two reviewers applied eligibility criteria and assessed methodological quality. Data were synthesized in three stages: (1) thematic analysis into descriptive themes, (2) thematic synthesis via conceptual framework, and (3) an interpretive synthesis of the thematic results.ResultsNineteen studies were included. Methodological quality varied, with only four qualitative studies and one quantitative study meeting all quality items. An overarching theme of ‘finding the right balance’ emerged. Six subthemes relating to capability, opportunity, and motivation contributed to physical activity participation being seen as ‘the right fit’ or ‘all too hard’. The interpretive synthesis found social connections, social environment support, and an appropriate physical environment were essential to ‘finding the right balance’ to be physically active.InterpretationPhysical activity participation for young people and adults with childhood‐onset physical disabilities is primarily influenced by the social and physical environment.
What this paper adds

Physical activity participation for young people and adults with childhood‐onset physical disabilities is primarily influenced by environmental factors.

‘Finding the right balance’ between enabling and inhibitory factors was important to physical activity participation being perceived as ‘the right fit’.

The opportunity for social connection is an important motivator for physical activity participation for young people and adults.

The physical environment continues to act as a barrier to physical activity participation for those with physical disabilities.
Social impairment in relation to clinical symptoms in youth at high risk for bipolar disorder
Authors: Weintraub Marc J. , Keenan‐Miller Danielle , Schneck Christopher D. , Forgey Borlik Marcy , Suddath Robert L. , Marvin Sarah E. , Singh Manpreet K. , Chang Kiki D. , Miklowitz David J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimSocial impairment is common in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), although its role in youths at high‐risk for BD (i.e., mood symptoms in the context of a family history of BD) is not well understood. Social impairment takes many forms including social withdrawal, relational aggression, physical aggression, and victimization. The aim of this study was to explore the links between social impairment and clinical symptoms in youth at high‐risk for BD.MethodsThe sample included 127 youths with elevations in mood symptoms (depression or hypomania) and at least one first and/or second degree relative with BD. Measures of youths' current psychopathology (i.e., depressive and manic severity, suicidality, anxiety, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]) were regressed onto youths' self‐reports of social impairment (i.e., social withdrawal, relational aggression, physical aggression, and victimization).ResultsDepressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and anxiety symptoms were related to social withdrawal. Suicidal ideation was also related to reactive aggression. ADHD symptoms related to reactive and proactive aggression as well as relational victimization. Manic symptoms were not associated with social impairment in this sample.ConclusionsAlthough cross‐sectional, study findings point to potential treatment targets related to social functioning. Specifically, social withdrawal should be a target for treatment of childhood depressive and anxiety symptoms. Treatments that focus on social skills and cognitive functioning deficits associated with BD may also have clinical utility.
Basic self‐disturbance in schizotypy
Authors: Hazan Hadar , Reese Elaine , Linscott Richard J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimPhenomenological researchers argue that schizophrenia spectrum disorders are primarily disorders of the basic self. To test this argument, we compared self‐report and lexical measures of basic self‐disturbance between schizophrenia spectrum (high‐schizotypy) and non‐spectrum groups (low‐schizotypy).MethodsFrom an initial sample (n = 310) screened with the (SPQ), n = 39 were classified as high schizotypy (z > 1.28 on at least one SPQ factor scale) and were compared to a randomly selected low‐schizotypy group (z < 1 on all three SPQ factor scales; n = 41). Participants wrote four narratives about personal and fictional experiences and completed the Ego Strength Questionnaire and a self‐report version of the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument. The written narratives were subjected to linguistic inquiry to examine pronoun usage (lexical measures).ResultsThe high‐schizotypy group reported higher levels of basic symptoms, lower ego strength, and used third‐person and personal pronouns more frequently than the low‐schizotypy group. Self‐report measures correlated significantly with lexical measures. Self‐report and lexical measures were useful tools in predicting high schizotypy, correctly classifying 68% and 69% of schizotypy and non‐schizotypy, respectively.ConclusionIn line with phenomenologists' arguments, high schizotypy was associated, to some extent, with basic self‐disturbance.
Comorbidities in multiple myeloma and implications on survival: A population‐based study
Authors: Sverrisdóttir Ingigerður S. , Rögnvaldsson Sölvi , Thorsteinsdottir Sigrún , Gíslason Gauti K. , Aspelund Thor , Turesson Ingemar , Björkholm Magnus , Gregersen Henrik , Hveding Blimark Cecilie , Landgren Ola , Kristinsson Sigurður Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh proportion of patients with multiple myeloma suffer from comorbidities which may alter clinical management. Therefore, our aims were to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on survival. We included patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma 1990‐2013 in Sweden and all diagnoses from each patient from 1985. A total of 13 656 patients with multiple myeloma were included in the study, thereof 7404 (54%) had comorbidity at diagnosis. The risk of death was increased for those with one comorbidity at diagnosis compared to those without any comorbidity (hazard ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence interval:1.14‐1.25); this risk was higher for those with two (1.38; 1.30‐1.47) and three or more comorbidities (1.72; 1.62‐1.83). Furthermore, the risk of death was increased in patients with prior history of cancer, arrhythmia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease, psychological disease, peptic ulcer, neurological disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and inflammatory bowel disease. This large study shows that over 50% of multiple myeloma patients have a comorbidity at diagnosis and survival decreased with increasing numbers of comorbidities. This emphasizes the importance of comorbidities when evaluating patients and deciding on treatment strategies for individuals with multiple myeloma.