bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between asthma and periodontitis in the US adult population: A population‐based observational epidemiological study
Authors: Shah Parth D. , Badner Victor M. , Moss Kevin L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the association between asthma and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.Materials and MethodsData obtained from 10,710 adult men and women who participated in National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey from 2009 to 2014 were analysed. Asthma was measured based on self‐reported physician diagnosis. Periodontitis was the outcome of interest. It was classified into mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis according to the updated CDC/AAP case definitions. Multivariable models were developed to examine the association of asthma with periodontitis while controlling for age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, income, body mass index, diabetes, and smoking. Odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Replication was performed by differently classifying the outcome using another system called periodontal profile class (PPC).ResultsCurrent asthmatics, in reference to never asthmatics, had lower odds of severe periodontitis [(adjusted OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.30–0.87) and (adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35–0.97) as classified using CDC/AAP case definitions and PPC system, respectively]. However, there was no statistically significant association between asthma and any other forms of periodontitis (p value >.05).ConclusionsIn the United States, current‐asthmatic adults were less likely to have severe periodontitis as compared with never‐asthmatic adults. Further research is required to fully understand this association.
Membrane fixation enhances guided bone regeneration in standardized calvarial defects: A pre‐clinical study
Authors: An Yin‐Zhe , Strauss Franz‐Josef , Park Jin‐Young , Shen Yu Qin , Thoma Daniel Stefan , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo determine whether collagen membrane (CM) fixation enhances guided bone regeneration in standardized defects.Materials and MethodsFour 8‐mm‐diameter defects were surgically made in eight rabbit calvaria, and randomly allocated into four groups: control (empty), unfixed‐CM, fixed‐CM, and unfixed‐CM with bone graft (BG + CM) (positive control). After 1‐ and 4‐week healing periods, the animals were sacrificed and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, micro‐computed tomography, and histological outcomes were assessed.ResultsAt week 1, the expression levels of BMP‐2, FGF‐2, VEGF, and osteocalcin were significantly higher in the fixed‐CM group than in the unfixed‐CM and control groups (p < .05). Conversely, cathepsin‐K was significantly expressed in the unfixed‐CM group. No significant differences in expression markers were observed between the fixed‐CM and BG + CM groups (p > .05). At week 4, new bone formation was significantly higher in the fixed‐CM group than the unfixed‐CM and control groups (p < .05), but similar to the BG + CM group (p > .05).ConclusionsCM fixation enhances the expression of osteogenic factors similar to BG + CM, leading to significantly more new bone formation. This suggests that the osteogenic potential is greater when membranes are fixed, thereby limiting the necessity of membrane‐supporting materials to enhance bone formation.
Concerns about the COVID‐19 Pandemic Among Justice‐Involved and Low‐Income Youth
Authors: Cavanagh Caitlin , Clough Isabelle , Thomas April Gile 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused immense change and stress among adolescents. Yet, little is known about youths’ concerns related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This is particularly true among youth who have been highly impacted by the pandemic—namely, justice system‐involved youth, low‐income youth, and youth who consider themselves to be low status. Youth from the community, youth on probation, and incarcerated youth completed a survey describing their concerns related to COVID‐19 across three concern domains: economic, social concerns, and COVID‐19 itself. Results suggested that, with respect to economic concerns, incarcerated youth felt more concern about their ability to get a job if needed than youth on probation or community youth (accounting for gender and household income), and more concerned about food security (accounting for gender and subjective social status). With respect to social concerns, both incarcerated youth and youth on probation felt that the quality of their relationship with family members had decreased as a result of the pandemic, relative to community youth (accounting for gender and income), while incarcerated youth only felt that the quality of their friendships had decreased (accounting for gender and subjective social status). With respect to concerns about COVID‐19, no group differences were observed about getting sick or dying from COVID‐19, but low‐income youth regardless of justice system status were more concerned about dying of COVID‐19 than their affluent counterparts. Overall, the study gives voice to the concerns of the most vulnerable youth during the pandemic.
Automatic detection of Kikuchi bands based on Radon transform and PPHT
Authors: Han Yuexing , Li Ruiqi , Zeng Yi , Liu Mengyang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe information of crystal structure and orientation can be provided by analysing the EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) patterns which are obtained with the EBSD devices. The reliability and accuracy of the information relies on the location of bands and intersections of the EBSD patterns. In this study, a method is proposed to automatically obtain the locations and intersections of the EBSD patterns, that is, Kikuchi bands. The proposed method uses Radon transform and progressive probabilistic Hough transform to detect straight lines and line segments of the Kikuchi band edges, respectively. Then, Kikuchi bands can be presented by fitting the hyperbolas with the endpoints of line segments. The results can numerically describe the information of Kikuchi bands. Experimental results show that the method is robust and can detect more accurate Kikuchi bands and intersections.
Rethinking “zero tolerance”: A moderated mediation model of mental resilience and coping strategies in workplace violence and nurses’ mental health
Authors: Fan Sisi , An Wenhong , Zeng Lihong , Liu Jue , Tang Siyuan , Chen Jia , Huang Hui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate whether the impact of workplace violence (WPV) on nurses’ mental health varies with mental resilience and coping strategies.BackgroundWorkplace violence is a serious threat to nurses’ mental health, and its impact on nurses’ mental health is influenced by many factors.MethodA cross‐sectional study involving 349 participants was conducted over 12 months. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro.ResultsIn total, 82.52% of nurses were exposed to WPV. WPV not only affects mental health directly but also indirectly through mental resilience. Coping strategies had a moderating effect among WPV, mental resilience and mental health. When nurses coped with psychological violence with intolerance, WPV had a stronger negative effect on their mental health. When nurses coped with psychological violence with tolerance but coped with physical violence with intolerance, mental resilience had a stronger positive effect on their mental health.ConclusionsGood mental resilience and coping with psychological violence with tolerance while coping with physical violence with intolerance can help buffer WPV and promote mental health.Clinical relevanceEmployers who have a “zero tolerance” policy regarding WPV need to re‐examine how they currently operate.
In search of lost beauty: Experiences of Iranian women with melasma
Authors: Edalatkhah Hasan , Sadeghieh‐Ahary Saied , Abbasnejad Fatemeh , Karimollahi Mansoureh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe skin condition called melasma affects patients' appearance significantly and affects them psychologically and emotionally, besides leading to an impaired body image.AimSince access to quality information in different cultural environments is necessary to understand the psychological problems associated with melasma, the aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of 20 Iranian women with melasma.Patients/MethodsThe content analysis method was employed for this study. Twenty participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were collected through face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews and then transcribed verbatim.ResultsAfter categorizing the initial codes, 14 subthemes were identified, which were classified under five themes—camouflage, seeking treatment, lost beauty, grief, and others' reaction; these were then grouped under a general one, “in search of lost beauty.”ConclusionsMelasma has a tremendous impact on the lives of the women it affects, and therapists should focus on the condition's social and psychological aspects, in addition to treatment.
The Chief Justice versus the iconoclast: Popular constitutionalism and support for using “sociological gobbledygook” in legal decisions
Authors: Woodson Benjamin W. , Parker Christopher M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConventional wisdom assumes that the public wants judges that will simply interpret and apply the law as it is written. However, existing evidence shows a substantial portion of the American population supports the doctrine of popular constitutionalism. Using two experiments involving the use of social science in legal decisions, we show that popular constitutionalists evaluate the judiciary using a different set of criteria than legal traditionalists. For legal traditionalists, using social science in legal decisions is perceived as an undesirable nonlegal influence and reduces acceptance of a court decision. For popular constitutionalists, social science is perceived as objective evidence that can be used to understand the practical effects of a decision and increases acceptance. We conclude by discussing the need for more research on popular constitutionalists, as little is known about how this group evaluates the judiciary and interprets its actions.
Degradation of dam reservoirs under the influence of mining subsidence in Upper Silesian Coal Basin, South Poland
Authors: Kidawa Joanna , Molenda Tadeusz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExploitation of mineral resources can result in dramatic multidirectional changes in the natural environment in mining areas, with the changes being particularly evident in the form of land degradation. One of the consequences of underground mining is subsidence of the overlying surface of the land area. The greatest subsidence typically occurs when the mining operation is carried out with a longwall top coal caving process, which can result in subsidence basin deformation developing on the surface. This development can lead to a change in natural landforms. As a consequence of the development of subsidence basins in the present study, the maximum depth in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin may exceed 30‐m, which can also change the hydrological conditions of the area. Development of subsidence basins can often lead to changes in the morphometric parameters of the existing hydrographic objects, a phenomenon that also applies to dam reservoirs. As a result of land subsidence, the depth and surface area of hydrographic objects can increase, with the maximum depth point moving deeper into the reservoir outside the frontal barrage zone, with changes also occurring in the reservoir tank morphometry. In extreme cases, the barrage may stop water damming, being located outside the reservoir zone, meaning the tank's water management function is lost. All the reservoirs in the current study are located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in southern Poland, which is currently the only significant coal‐mining centre in Europe, with the surface area of the basin being 7490 km2.
Sperm whales exhibit variation in echolocation tactics with depth and sea state but not naval sonar exposures
Authors: Isojunno Saana , von Benda‐Beckmann Alexander M. , Wensveen Paul J. , Kvadsheim Petter H. , Lam Frans‐Peter A. , Gkikopoulou Kalliopi C. , Pöyhönen Viivi , Tyack Peter L. , Benti Benjamin , Foskolos Ilias , Bort Jacqueline , Neves Miguel , Biassoni Nicoletta , Miller Patrick J. O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAuditory masking by anthropogenic noise may impact marine mammals relying on sound for important life functions, including echolocation. Animals have evolved antimasking strategies, but they may not be completely effective or cost‐free. We formulated seven a priori hypotheses on how odontocete echolocation behavior could indicate masking. We addressed six of them using data from 15 tagged sperm whales subject to experimental exposures of pulsed and continuous active sonar (PAS and CAS). Sea state, received single‐pulse sound exposure level (SELsp), whale depth and orientation towards surface, and sonar were considered as candidate covariates representing different masking conditions. Echolocation behavior, including buzz duration and search range, varied strongly with depth. After controlling for depth and angle to the surface, the likelihood of buzzing following a click train decreased with sea state (t = −7.3, p < .001). There was little evidence for changes in 10 tested variables with increasing sonar SELsp, except reduced buzzing consistent with previously reported feeding cessation (t = −2.26, p = .02). A potential Lombard effect was detected during echolocation with sea state and SELsp, despite off‐axis measurement and right‐hand censoring due to acoustic clipping. The results are not conclusive on masking effects on sperm whale echolocation, highlighting challenges and opportunities for future anthropogenic masking studies.
Genomic and transcriptomic evidence for the diverse adaptations of Synechococcus subclusters 5.2 and 5.3 to mesoscale eddies
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Li Yingdong , Jing Hongmei , Zhang Xiaodong , Xu Zhimeng , Xu Jie , Liu Hongbin 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous oceanographic features that influence the metabolism and community structure of Synechococcus. However, the metabolic adaptations of this genus to eddy‐associated environmental changes have rarely been studied.

We recovered two high‐quality Synechococcus metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) from eddies in the South China Sea and compared their metabolic variations using metatranscriptomic samples obtained at the same time.

The two MAGs (syn‐bin1 and syn‐bin2) are affiliated with marine Synechococcus subclusters 5.2 (S5.2) and 5.3 (S5.3), respectively. The former exhibited a higher abundance at the surface layer, whereas the latter was more abundant in the deep euphotic layer. Further analysis indicated that syn‐bin1 had a strong ability to utilize organic nutrients, which could help it to thrive in the nutrient‐deprived surface water. By contrast, syn‐bin2 had the genetic potential to perform chromatic acclimation, which could allow it to capture green or blue light at different depths. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis showed that syn‐bin2 upregulated genes involved in the synthesis of C4 acids, photosystem II proteins, and transporters in the deep euphotic layer, which might contribute to its predominance in low‐light environments.

Overall, this study expands our understanding of oceanic S5.2 and S5.3 Synechococcus by revealing their metabolic adaptations to mesoscale eddies.
Unlocking the Potential of Ru(II) Dual‐action Compounds with the Power of the Heavy‐atom Effect†
Authors: Toupin Nicholas P. , Steinke Sean J. , Herroon Mackenzie K , Podgorski Izabela , Turro Claudia , Kodanko Jeremy J. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTWe report the synthesis, photochemical and biological characterization of two new Ru(II) photoactivated complexes based on [Ru(tpy)(Me2bpy)(L)]2+ (tpy = 2,2':6',2''‐terpyridine, Me2bpy = 6,6'‐dimethyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine), where L = pyridyl‐BODIPY (pyBOD). Two pyBOD ligands were prepared bearing flanking hydrogen or iodine atoms. Ru(II)‐bound BODIPY dyes show a red‐shift of absorption maxima relative to the free dyes and undergo photodissociation of BODIPY ligands with green light irradiation. Addition of iodine into the BODIPY ligand facilitates intersystem crossing, which leads to efficient singlet oxygen production in the free dye, but also enhances quantum yield of release of the BODIPY ligand from Ru(II). This represents the first report of a strategy to enhance photodissociation quantum yields through the heavy‐atom effect in Ru(II) complexes. Furthermore, Ru(II)‐bound BODIPY dyes display fluorescence turn‐on once released, with a lead analog showing nanomolar EC50 values against triple negative breast cancer cells, >100‐fold phototherapeutic indexes under green light irradiation, and higher selectivity toward cancer cells as compared to normal cells than the corresponding free BODIPY photosensitizer. Conventional Ru(II) photoactivated complexes require nonbiorthogonal blue light for activation and rarely show submicromolar potency to achieve cell death. Our study represents an avenue for the improved photochemistry and potency of future Ru(II) complexes.
Personalized landmark adaptive visualization method for pedestrian navigation maps: Considering user familiarity
Authors: Zhu Litao , Shen Jie , Zhou Jingyi , Stachoň Zdeněk , Hong Shuai , Wang Xing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLandmark‐based pedestrian navigation can assist pedestrians in navigating successfully. Previous studies have investigated the factors affecting the cognitive efficiency of landmark visualization in terms of both the visual salience of landmarks and the personal characteristics of users. However, empirical studies and applications that consider the influence of spatial familiarity on landmark representation are limited. In this article, we propose a personalized landmark adaptive visualization method for pedestrian navigation maps considering user familiarity. We first explore the influence of spatial familiarity on landmark salience and symbols using cognitive experiments. The results showed that unfamiliar people preferred strong visual salience landmarks and image‐based symbols, while familiar people preferred strong semantic salience landmarks and text‐based symbols. Based on these results, a mathematical model of landmark salience for selecting personalized landmarks is proposed, and association rules between landmark salience and symbols are mined. Finally, the framework of a landmark visualization method is proposed based on the rules. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a prototype system is developed, and a comparative experiment is conducted with a Baidu map. Experimental results showed that the proposed method has direct practical implications for the development of pedestrian navigation systems, depending on different target users.
Proof‐theoretic semantics of natural deduction based on inversion
Authors: Zimmermann Ernst 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article presents a full proof‐theoretic semantics for natural deduction based on an extended inversion principle: the elimination rule for an operator q may invert the introduction rule for q, but also vice versa, the introduction rule for a connective q may invert the elimination rule for q. Such an inversion—extending Prawitz' concept of inversion—gives the following theorem: Inversion for two rules of operator q (intro rule, elim rule) exists iff a reduction of a maximum formula for q exists. The inversion theorem is specified to two logics, Lambek calculus (LC) and intuitionistic linear logic (ILL), with four propositional connectives: two multiplicatives (implication and conjunction) and two additives (conjunction and disjunction), with two quantifiers and two modals. LC is defined by using elimination rules by composition. ILL is defined by using usual general elimination rules. Elimination rules by composition are an exciting alternative to general elimination rules; in some cases, they do not need permutations.
Investigation of the allele frequency of the G>A intron 10 ADAMTS17 mutation causing primary lens luxation in the Portuguese Podengo breed
Authors: Tzouganakis Ioannis , Tsvetanova Agata , Jeanes Emily C. , Mellersh Cathryn S. , Gould David J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the allele frequency of the PLL‐causing G>A intron 10 ADAMTS17 mutation in the Portuguese Podengo population in the UK and investigate a possible correlation between the mutation and short stature.MethodsTwo groups of dogs (Group 1 and Group 2) were recruited for the purpose of the study. Group 1 (n = 40) consisted of dogs which were genotyped only and Group 2 (n = 42) consisted of dogs which were genotyped, underwent a full ophthalmological examination and also had their height measured at the withers.ResultsIn Group 1, genotyping for the ADAMTS17:c.1473+1G>A mutation confirmed 1/40 homozygous for the mutated allele (−/−), 7/40 heterozygous for the mutated allele (+/−), and 32/40 homozygous for the wild‐type allele (+/+) dogs. In Group 2, genotyping of the dogs confirmed 6/42 heterozygous for the mutated allele (+/−) and homozygous for the wild‐type allele (+/+) dogs. In total, 1/82 (1.2%) dogs were confirmed to be homozygous for the mutated allele, 13/82 (15.8%) heterozygous for the mutated allele and 68/82 (83%) homozygous for the wild‐type allele. The frequency of the mutated allele across both groups was calculated as 0.09. A statistically significant correlation between the mutation and short stature could not be established (p = .590).ConclusionsThe frequency of the mutation calculated in this study (0.09) is high. Genetic testing should be considered for each dog prior to breeding with a view of selective breeding.