bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How essentialist beliefs about national groups differ by cultural origin and study abroad experience among Chinese and American college students
Authors: Xu Yian , Li Xuan , Coley John D. 
Published: January 2021

Nationality constitutes a salient part of social categorization. However, little research has examined how people form nationality concepts and how it may be shaped by culture and experience. The current study aims to investigate essentialist beliefs about nationality in participants from two cultural origins: the United States and China. In both samples, we compared college students studying domestically and internationally (N = 290) by using direct and indirect measures of essentialism. Ratings from direct measures of essentialism revealed that American participants were more likely than Chinese participants to perceive national groups as natural, whereas Chinese participants were more likely than American participants to perceive national groups as cohesive. Interestingly, the observed differences between domestic and international students on the indirect measure showed opposite directions among participants of different cultures of origin. As hypothesized, American international students showed lower essentialist thinking than American domestic students. Surprisingly, Chinese international students showed stronger essentialist thinking than Chinese domestic students. Further analyses revealed a positive relationship between the length of arrival time and essentialist thinking by Chinese international students. The current research demonstrates the cognitive malleability of social essentialism, addressing the importance of examining the effect of intergroup processes under diverse and dynamic cultural contexts.
Familiar Pixels: Imag(in)ing the Dead and the Political in Israel/Palestine
Authors: Silver Jake 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTOn July 2, 2014, a Palestinian teenager, Mohammed Abu Khdeir, was brutally killed. Although his murderers eventually confessed, the month following Mohammed's death was full of indecision about the crime and its perpetrators. During this period, Israeli and Palestinian publics latched onto Mohammed's selfies as intimate touchstones for comprehending who he was, what led to his death, and what subsequent action should be taken. This archive of images, however, inspired different understandings of Mohammed; among Israelis and Palestinians, conflictual voices emerged from the same pictures, making incompatible testimonials about Mohammed's identity and his victimhood. Central to the politics surrounding Mohammed's death were how such personal modes of perception—hearing him, seeing him, sensing him—inspired and legitimated radically different political claims and ambitions. Pausing on the ways that individuals grasped Mohammed in his images, in this article I unravel the cultural genealogies and social affordances that affected Israeli and Palestinian forms of visual apprehension. I argue that the most seemingly mundane moments of individual encounter—when Israelis and Palestinians caught sight of Mohammed at everyday digital interfaces—substantially inflected political landscapes and the contours of social understanding, laying the groundwork for further conflicts, including Israel's 2014 invasion of Gaza that occurred a month after his death. [death and dying, mediation, visuality, sexuality, Israel/Palestine]
Clearcutting and selective logging have inconsistent effects on liana diversity and abundance but not on liana–tree interaction networks
Authors: Addo‐Fordjour Patrick , Afram Isaac Sarfo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of forest management on lianas and their interaction with trees is an important step toward effective forest management. Our study therefore aimed at quantifying the patterns of liana diversity and abundance, and liana–tree interaction network structure in response to logging disturbance in a moist semi‐deciduous forest in Ghana. We sampled lianas (diameter at 1.3 m ≥ 1 cm) and their host trees (diameter at breast height ≥5 cm) in 90 20 × 20 m plots among three forest management regimes: clearcut‐logged, selectively logged, and old‐growth forests. Liana species diversity and abundance in the selectively logged forest was similar to that of the old‐growth forest, while that in clearcut‐logged forest was significantly lower than both above‐mentioned forest types. Liana–tree interaction networks showed anti‐nested structure, which is a form of non‐random community organization. There were significant modularity and degree of specialization, but no significant connectance in the network structure. Largely, most of the species were peripherals, while a few species acted as structurally important species (i.e., module hubs, network hubs, and connectors) in the three networks. A different set of species acted as structurally important species in the different forest management regimes. Our findings call for a re‐examination of clearcutting logging in forest management in view of its negative effects on lianas, and we recommend prioritizing important modules in the liana–tree networks for future conservation.
Cardiac phenotype in familial partial lipodystrophy
Authors: Eldin Abdelwahab Jalal , Akinci Baris , da Rocha Andre Monteiro , Meral Rasimcan , Simsir Ilgin Yildirim , Adiyaman Suleyman Cem , Ozpelit Ebru , Bhave Nicole , Gen Ramazan , Yurekli Banu , Ozdemir Kutbay Nilufer , Siklar Zeynep , Neidert Adam H. , Hench Rita , Tayeh Marwan K. , Innis Jeffrey W. , Jalife Jose , Oral Hakan , Oral Elif A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesLMNA variants have been previously associated with cardiac abnormalities independent of lipodystrophy. We aimed to assess cardiac impact of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) to understand the role of laminopathy in cardiac manifestations.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsClinical data from 122 patients (age range: 13–77, 101 females) with FPLD were analysed. Mature human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) from a patient with an LMNA variant were studied as proof‐of‐concept for future studies.ResultsSubjects with LMNA variants had a higher prevalence of overall cardiac events than others. The likelihood of having an arrhythmia was significantly higher in patients with LMNA variants (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.45–9.83). These patients were at higher risk for atrial fibrillation or flutter (OR: 5.78, 95% CI: 1.04–32.16). The time to the first arrhythmia was significantly shorter in the LMNA group, with a higher HR of 3.52 (95% CI: 1.34–9.27). Non‐codon 482 LMNA variants were more likely to be associated with cardiac events (vs. 482 LMNA: OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.41–15.98 for arrhythmia; OR: 17.67, 95% CI: 2.45–127.68 for atrial fibrillation or flutter; OR: 5.71, 95% CI: 1.37–23.76 for conduction disease). LMNA mutant hiPSC‐CMs showed a higher frequency of spontaneous activity and shorter action potential duration. Functional syncytia of hiPSC‐CMs displayed several rhythm alterations such as early afterdepolarizations, spontaneous quiescence and spontaneous tachyarrhythmia, and significantly slower recovery in chronotropic changes induced by isoproterenol exposure.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need for vigilant cardiac monitoring in FPLD, especially in patients with LMNA variants who have an increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, hiPSC‐CMs can be studied to understand the basic mechanisms for the arrhythmias in patients with lipodystrophy to understand the impact of specific mutations.
Deep brain stimulation in the medial septum attenuates temporal lobe epilepsy via entrainment of hippocampal theta rhythm
Authors: Wang Ying , Shen Yating , Cai Xianhui , Yu Jie , Chen Cong , Tan Bei , Tan Na , Cheng Heming , Fan Xiang , Wu Xiaohua , Liu Jinggen , Wang Shuang , Wang Yi , Chen Zhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), often associated with cognitive impairment, is one of the most common types of medically refractory epilepsy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows considerable promise for the treatment of TLE. However, the optimal stimulation targets and parameters of DBS to control seizures and related cognitive impairment are still not fully illustrated.MethodsIn the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of DBS in the medial septum (MS) on seizures and cognitive function in mouse acute and chronic epilepsy models.ResultsWe found that DBS in the MS alleviated the severity of seizure activities in both kainic acid‐induced acute seizure model and hippocampal‐kindled epilepsy model. DBS showed antiseizure effects with a wide window of effective stimulation frequencies. The antiseizure effects of DBS were mediated by the hippocampal theta rhythm, as atropine, which reversed the DBS‐induced augmentation of the hippocampal theta oscillation, abolished the antiseizure effects of DBS. Further, in the kainic acid‐induced chronic TLE model, DBS in the MS not only reduced spontaneous seizures, but also improved behavioral performance in novel object recognition.ConclusionDBS in the MS is a promising approach to attenuate TLE probably through entrainment of the hippocampal theta rhythm, which may be therapeutically significant for refractory TLE treatment.
Changing trends of contact allergens: A 40‐year retrospective study from a referral centre in northern Taiwan
Authors: Lin Pin‐Hsin , Tseng Yu‐Hsian , Chu Chia‐Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe common contact allergens may change over time as the environmental exposure changes.ObjectivesTo identify the prevalence rates and changing trends of contact allergens in Taiwan over a 40‐year period.Materials & MethodsThe patch testing results of a referral centre from 1978 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The study population was divided into four groups according to 10‐year intervals. The prevalence rates of contact sensitization to each agent and the clinical relevance were analysed. For patients with positive reactions to relevant allergens, the occupations and sites of dermatitis were analysed.ResultsFrom 1978 to 2018, a total of 4005 patients underwent patch testing. Successively increasing trends of positive reactions to cobalt, fragrance mix I, and para‐phenylenediamine (PPD) were found. Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) was an emerging contact allergen. Hairdressers, cosmetologists, and aromatherapists became the occupations most commonly having positive reactions in the most recent 10 years. In the first two decades, the face and neck were the most commonly affected areas. Later, hands became the most commonly affected sites.ConclusionsThe prevalence rates of positive reactions to cobalt, fragrance mix I, and PPD increased successively. MCI/MI was an emerging contact allergen of special concern.
Evaluating risk factors for acute graft versus host disease in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients receiving tacrolimus
Authors: Phan Michael , Chavan Rishikesh , Beuttler Richard , Benipayo Nicole , Magedman Grace , Buchbinder David , Tomaszewski Daniel , Yang Sun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo identify the clinical and pharmacological risk factors associated with tacrolimus pharmacodynamics for acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) in pediatric patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a matched related donor. A retrospective cohort single center chart review study was conducted with pediatric patients who received tacrolimus prophylaxis after allogeneic HSCT between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. Potential risk factors were tested separately between aGVHD and non‐aGVHD cohorts and were further analyzed in a logistic regression model with backward elimination and a partial least squares discriminant analysis. Thirty‐three patient cases were included in our study and 52% (17/33) developed aGVHD while on tacrolimus prophylaxis. When tested independently, donor age and sibling versus parent donor/recipient relation were shown to be statistically significant between aGVHD and non‐aGVHD patients (p < 0.005). Pharmacological factors associated with tacrolimus treatment failed to demonstrate a significant impact on patient’s risk of aGVHD. Using a best fit logistic regression model that tested all the variables together, donor age was the only significant variable predicting patient’s risk of aGVHD (p < 0.01). Donor relationship and donor age were unable to be evaluated separately and are therefore confounding variables. Among pediatric patients receiving allogeneic HSCT, aGVHD risk is significantly decreased by either sibling donor and/or younger donors. Although no conclusions were drawn on the effect of tacrolimus therapy (p = 0.08), results warrant additional research with a larger sample size to evaluate the accuracy of monitoring tacrolimus serum trough levels.
First‐in‐human study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ALPN‐101, a dual CD28/ICOS antagonist, in healthy adult subjects
Authors: Yang Jing , Lickliter Jason D. , Hillson Jan L. , Means Gary D. , Sanderson Russell J. , Carley Kay , Tercero Almudena , Manjarrez Kristi L. , Wiley Jennifer R. , Peng Stanford L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractALPN‐101 (ICOSL vIgD‐Fc) is an Fc fusion protein of a human inducible T cell costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) variant immunoglobulin domain (vIgD) designed to inhibit the cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28) and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) pathways simultaneously. A first‐in‐human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ALPN‐101 in healthy adult subjects. ALPN‐101 was generally well‐tolerated with no evidence of cytokine release, clinically significant immunogenicity, or severe adverse events following single subcutaneous (SC) doses up to 3 mg/kg or single intravenous (IV) doses up to 10 mg/kg or up to 4 weekly IV doses of up to 1 mg/kg. ALPN‐101 exhibited a dose‐dependent increase in exposure with an estimated terminal half‐life of 4.3–8.6 days and SC bioavailability of 60.6% at 3 mg/kg. Minimal to modest accumulation in exposure was observed with repeated IV dosing. ALPN‐101 resulted in a dose‐dependent increase in maximum target saturation and duration of high‐level target saturation. Consistent with its mechanism of action, ALPN‐101 inhibited cytokine production in whole blood stimulated by Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B ex vivo, as well as antibody responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization, reflecting immunomodulatory effects upon T cell and T‐dependent B cell responses, respectively. In conclusion, ALPN‐101 was well‐tolerated in healthy subjects with dose‐dependent PK and PD consistent with the known biology of the CD28 and ICOS costimulatory pathways. Further clinical development of ALPN‐101 in inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases is therefore warranted.
Evolving drug regulatory landscape in China: A clinical pharmacology perspective
Authors: Tang Weifeng , Huang Ying , Zhou Diansong , Huang Yao , Chen Yingxue , Ren Song , Li Yan , Wu Shengqian , Zhao Xiaoying , Song Xuyang , Wang Haidong , Jin Yuwen , Yu Hongtao , Zhang Li , Li Yunfei , Boulton David , Shen Kevin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to encourage innovative medicine to address Chinese unmet medical needs, China has changed its drug regulatory landscape to speed up access to new medicines. In order to understand the fast‐changing landscape and to enable planning of more global drug development programs and study designs in China, we reviewed 15 published clinical pharmacology‐related guidances by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), and compared them with reference guidances from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), or the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), to understand the similarities and differences, especially any China‐specific requirements, such as ethnic sensitivity analysis. Overall, by reviewing these clinical pharmacology‐related NMPA guidances, it is clear that NMPA guidances are very similar to FDA, EMA, and ICH guidances. There are no relevant differences in the major principles, but some differences in structure, contents, and focus were noted. The NMPA is adapting flexibility statements into newly published guidances. Ethnic sensitivity analysis needs to be implemented early in drug development plans. The NMPA encourages sponsors to conduct early clinical trials in China or include China early in multiregional clinical trials, and to obtain safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic data for ethnic sensitivity analysis. Depending on the stage of development, ethnic sensitivity analysis can be conducted using in vitro or literature data, other Asian clinical data, or Chinese clinical data.
Effects of liraglutide on the metabolism of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Taskinen Marja‐Riitta , Björnson Elias , Matikainen Niina , Söderlund Sanni , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Ainola Mari , Hakkarainen Antti , Lundbom Nina , Fuchs Johannes , Thorsell Annika , Andersson Linda , Adiels Martin , Packard Chris J. , Borén Jan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo elucidate the impact of liraglutide on the kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo)B48‐ and apoB100‐containing triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after a single fat‐rich meal.Materials and MethodsSubjects with T2D were included in a study to investigate postprandial apoB48 and apoB100 metabolism before and after 16 weeks on l.8 mg/day liraglutide (n = 14) or placebo (n = 4). Stable isotope tracer and compartmental modelling techniques were used to determine the impact of liraglutide on chylomicron and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and clearance after a single fat‐rich meal.ResultsLiraglutide reduced apoB48 synthesis in chylomicrons by 60% (p < .0001) and increased the triglyceride/apoB48 ratio (i.e. the size) of chylomicrons (p < .001). Direct clearance of chylomicrons, a quantitatively significant pathway pretreatment, decreased by 90% on liraglutide (p < .001). Liraglutide also reduced VLDL1‐triglyceride secretion (p = .017) in parallel with reduced liver fat. Chylomicron‐apoB48 production and particle size were related to insulin sensitivity (p = .015 and p < .001, respectively), but these associations were perturbed by liraglutide.ConclusionsIn a physiologically relevant setting that mirrored regular feeding in subjects with T2D, liraglutide promoted potentially beneficial changes on postprandial apoB48 metabolism. Using our data in an integrated metabolic model, we describe how the action of liraglutide in T2D on chylomicron and VLDL kinetics could lead to decreased generation of remnant lipoproteins.
Collecting arboreal arthropods: a technique for sampling plant‐inhabiting arthropod communities in a tropical forest understory
Authors: Viana‐Junior Arleu Barbosa , Quijano‐Cuervo Luis G. , Ferreira Jessica Cardoso , do Nascimento Reis Ronaldo Roberto , dos Santos Iracenir Andrade , Martins Marlucia Bonifacio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we describe a new low‐cost technique to collect plant‐inhabiting arthropods at a height of up to 10 m without the need for specialized and complicated methods such as rope climbing or fogging. We present a model to build and apply the technique in a tropical forest understory. This technique is important because it is not only efficient for arthropod collection, it also enables a variety of ecological studies such as stratification, habitat comparison, and species distribution.
The role of plant physiology and cultivar of chrysanthemum in the resistance against Western flower thrips
Authors: Rogge Sina Alexandra , Meyhöfer Rainer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWestern flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is an economically important pest insect in vegetable and ornamental cultivation worldwide. Little is known about host plant resistance in the vegetative and generative phases of chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. (Asteraceae)] and the role of resistance factors such as flavonols, flower color, and flower shape. We screened a broad range of chrysanthemum cultivars across two seasons to quantify resistance against Western flower thrips. Resistance was based on silver damage on the leaves, and relative flavonol content was measured using a Dualex Scientific 4 hand‐held sensor. There was significant variation in silver damage between cultivars, indicating different levels of resistance. There was no correlation between the relative flavonol content in middle leaves and plant silver damage. A clearer resistance level discrimination by flavonols in resistant and susceptible cultivars would be possible in the future by comparing multiple leaf positions during the ontogenetic phases of plant development. Moreover, the influence of flower color and shape on resistance to thrips was investigated by counting the adult thrips and larvae on flowers. The results showed significant differences in flower color preference by adults, but not by larvae. Flower shape influenced thrips larvae and females, but not males. The importance of the results for resistance determination is discussed.
Parasitism of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta bisphaerica by phorid flies: biology and seasonal and inter‐colonial parasitism rates
Authors: Bragança Marcos A.L. , Martins Hendria C. , Oliveira Rafael J. , Della Lucia Terezinha M.C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe leaf‐cutting ant Atta bisphaerica Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Attini) forages leaves from monocotyledons in natural environments and is a serious pest of pastures and sugarcane plantations in Brazil. This study investigated aspects of the interactions between A. bisphaerica and dipteran Phoridae parasitoids. The seasonal and inter‐colonial variations in parasitism rates were also investigated. Ants from four A. bisphaerica colonies were sampled, with a total of 91 554 worker ants collected and evaluated. Of these ants, 4.4% were found to have been parasitized by three phorid species: Apocephalus attophilus Borgmeier (relative parasitism rate: 40%), Myrmosicarius grandicornis Borgmeier (31%), and Eibesfeldtphora bragancai (Brown) (28%). The months with the lowest average temperatures, lowest relative humidity, and lowest rainfall (characteristics of the dry season of the region under study) corresponded to the highest parasitism rates, especially by A. attophilus. Apocephalus attophilus and E. bragancai had the highest relative parasitism rates in two of the colonies, 45 and 41%, whereas M. grandicornis was the dominant species in each of the other two colonies, corresponding to approximately 40% of total parasitism. The variation in parasitism rates observed between colonies could be explained, at least in part, by the relationship between the size of the parasitoids and the size of the host ants. Concerning the biological characteristics, A. attophilus had the shortest life cycle, the highest successful emergence rate, and produced 2.5× more parasitoids per host. These characteristics, combined with the ability to cause higher levels of mortality of parasitized worker ants when compared to the two other phorid species, indicates that A. attophilus is an efficient natural enemy of A. bisphaerica and is therefore a candidate for a biocontrol program.