bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). IV. Rapidly Growing (Super)Massive Black Holes in Extremely Radio-loud Galaxies
Authors: Ichikawa Kohei , Yamashita Takuji , Toba Yoshiki , Nagao Tohru , Inayoshi Kohei , Charisi Maria , He Wanqiu , Wagner Alexander Y. , Akiyama Masayuki , Vijarnwannaluk Bovornpratch , Chen Xiaoyang , Kajisawa Masaru , Kawamuro Taiki , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Schramm Malte , Suh Hyewon , Tanaka Masayuki , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Ueda Yoshihiro , Pflugradt Janek , Fukuchi Hikaru 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the optical and infrared properties of 39 extremely radio-loud galaxies discovered by cross-matching the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) deep optical imaging survey and VLA/FIRST 1.4 GHz radio survey. The recent Subaru/HSC strategic survey revealed optically faint radio galaxies (RG) down to g
AB ∼ 26, opening a new parameter space of extremely radio-loud galaxies (ERGs) with radio-loudness parameter of

log



rest

=
log
(

f

1.4
GHz
,
rest

/

f

g
,
rest

)
>
4

. Because of their optical faintness and small number density of ∼1 deg−2, such ERGs were difficult to find in the previous wide but shallow or deep but small area optical surveys. ERGs show intriguing properties that are different from the conventional RGs: (1) most ERGs reside above or on the star-forming main-sequence and some of them might be low-mass galaxies with

log
(

M

⋆

/

M

⊙

)
<
10

. (2) ERGs exhibit a high specific black hole accretion rate, reaching the order of the Eddington limit. The intrinsic radio loudness (



int

), defined by the ratio of jet power over bolometric radiation luminosity, is one order of magnitude higher than that of radio quasars. This suggests that ERGs harbor a unique type of active galactic nuclei (AGN) that show both powerful radiations and jets. Therefore, ERGs are prominent candidates of very rapidly growing black holes reaching Eddington-limited accretion just before the onset of intensive AGN feedback.
A Core Mass Function Indistinguishable from the Salpeter Stellar Initial Mass Function Using 1000 au Resolution ALMA Observations
Authors: Suárez Genaro , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Aguilar Luis , Ginsburg Adam , Srinivasan Sundar , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Román-Zúñiga Carlos G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the core mass function (CMF) of the massive star-forming clump G33.92 + 0.11 using 1.3 mm observations obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). With a resolution of 1000 au, this is one of the highest resolution CMF measurements to date. The CMF is corrected by flux and number incompleteness to obtain a sample that is complete for gas masses M ≳ 2.0 M
⊙. The resulting CMF is well represented by a power-law function (

dN

/

d
log
M
∝

M

Γ

), whose slope is determined using two different approaches: (i) by least-squares fitting of power-law functions to the flux- and number-corrected CMF, and (ii) by comparing the observed CMF to simulated samples with similar incompleteness. We provide a prescription to quantify and correct a flattening bias affecting the slope fits in the first approach, which is caused by small-sample or edge effects when the data are represented by either classical histograms or a kernel density estimate, respectively. The resulting slopes from both approaches are in good agreement each other, with

Γ
=
−

1.11

−
0.11

+
0.12

being our adopted value. Although this slope appears to be slightly flatter than the Salpeter slope Γ = −1.35 for the stellar initial mass function (IMF), we find from Monte Carlo simulations that the CMF in G33.92 + 0.11 is statistically indistinguishable from the Salpeter representation of the stellar IMF. Our results are consistent with the idea that the form of the IMF is inherited from the CMF, at least at high masses and when the latter is observed at high enough resolution.
Genetic heterogeneity of beta thalassemia mutations in Kahramanmara&#351; province in Southern Turkey: preliminary report
Authors: Kurutaş Ergul Belge , Aksan Mehmet Emrah , Curuk Petek , Curuk Mehmet Akif 
Published: October 2021

Background: Beta thalassemia is one of the most common autosomal single-gene disorders in the world. The prevalence of the disease is in the &ldquo;thalassemia belt&rdquo; which includes the Mediterranean region of Turkey; throughout the country the gene frequency is estimated to be 2.1%, but in certain regions, this figure increases to 10%.
Aim: In this first study, we aimed to determine the frequency of &beta;-thalassemia trait and distrubition of mutations in Kahramanmara&#351; province, which is located in the southern part of Turkey.
Materials and Methods: In this study; 5 ml blood samples was taken from 14 thalassemic patients and their relatives who were taking care of Sutcu Imam University Hospital at Kahramanmara&#351;. Also, we collected blood samples from 245 adults for screening beta thalassemia trait. Haematological data were obtained by cell counter.&nbsp; HbA2 was determined by HPLC. Ten common mutations were screened by ARMS &nbsp;(Amplification Refractory Mutation System) method. These &beta;-thalassemia mutations are -30 (T>A), Fsc8 (-AA), Fsc8/9 (+G), IVS1-1 (G>A), IVS1-5 (G>C), IVS1-6 (T>C), IVS1-110 (G>A ), Cd 39 ( C>T), IVS2-1 (G>A), IVS 2-745 (C>G). A rare mutation; Fsc44 (-C) was charecterized by DNA sequencing.
Results: Ten patients were detected as homozygous for IVS1-110 (seven cases), Fsc 44 (two cases) and IVS1-5 (only one case). Rest of the 4 patients were double heterozygous (two: IVS1-110/IVS1-6, one: Fsc8/Fsc8-9, one: IVS2-1/IVS1-5). In 245 adult, five &nbsp;&beta;-thalassemia trait were detected by screening survey.&nbsp;
Conclusion: Sixteen alleles were detected as IVS1-110 in 57.1%. It was seen the most common mutation in Kahramanmara&#351;. Seven different &beta;-thalassemia mutations were found in this study. Each of 10 families have only one thalassemic patient, other two families have double thalassemic patient in total 12 family.
Does dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase level modify plasma antioxidant capacity in colorectal cancer patients treated with fluoropyrimidines?&nbsp;
Authors: Minchev Velko , Hristova-Avakumova Nadya , Kamenova Kalina , Atanasova Liliya , Angelov Marin , Todorov Lozan , Surcheva Slavina , Nikolov Rumen 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer type worldwide. Fluoropyrimidines and their prodrug-based regimens are widely applied as primary medications. The main enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in pyrimidine and for the 5-fluorouracil catabolism is dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD).
Aim: We aimed to screen DPD level and the changes of plasma antioxidant capacity of colorectal cancer patients on 5-fluorouracil regimen.&nbsp;
Materials and methods: Human DPD Elisa Kit based on sandwich enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay and spectrophotometric methods (FRAP and ABTS) were used in the study.
Results: No statistically significant changes in plasma scavenging activity according to the results obtained in the ABTS system have been observed after evaluating all patients and considering DPD concentration. A decrease of the ferric reducing ability of patients&rsquo; plasma taken after the administered treatment was found. The increase of DPD level is accompanied by a decrease in the p values and therefore the statistical significance of the differences increases.
Conclusions: Based on the aforementioned observations, it could be concluded that some aspects of plasma antioxidant capacity and individuals&rsquo; antioxidant status might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and could be altered by the activity of some enzymes. The cancer therapy in question, by the specificity of its mechanism of action, can modify patient&rsquo;s oxidative status.
Evaluation of some trace elements in sera of asthma patients: a case control study.
Authors: Al-Fartusie Falah S. , Abood Manal J. , Al-Bairmani Hassanain K. , Mohammed Ahmed S. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic in&#64258;ammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent respiratory symptoms of dyspnea, wheezing, chest tightness, and cough.
Aim: This study aims to investigate the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Al in the serum of asthmatic patients.
Materials and methods: An atomic absorption technique was used to determine the levels of trace elements. The study included sixty asthmatic patients and ninety healthy individuals as control group their ages ranging from 20 to 45 years.
Results: We found a significant increase of the levels of copper, iron, and aluminum by 20%, 54%, and 47% (p<0.01), respectively, in the asthmatic patients as compared with the controls. On the other hand, in comparison with the controls, the levels of zinc, magnesium, manganese, and nickel were found to be significantly decreased (p<0.01) by 24%, 16%, 53%, and 81%, respectively, in the asthmatic patient group. Moreover, chromium level showed non-significant differences (p>0.05) between patients and control group.
Conclusions: The increased level of Cu and Fe may reflect their potential role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Furthermore, the serum iron levels tend to be increased as a result of the inflammatory process that occurs in asthma. Low levels of Zn, Mg, and Mn may contribute to allergic diseases due to their role in the synthesis of certain antioxidants or to their effect on the immune system.
À travers ses archives, l’inlassable effort de l’homme engagé
Authors: Goldenstein Catherine 
Published: October 2021

À travers ses archives, l’inlassable effort de l’homme engagé Paul Ricœur a marqué son temps par son enseignement, son œuvre impressionnante, mais aussi pour avoir agi, vécu et porté autrui à agir et à vivre. Outre les nombreuses publications, les « archives personnelles », nombreux documents de travail du Fonds Ricœur, permettent de confirmer ce que sa biographie révèle : une grande constance dans cette vie d’enseignement, de conviction, d’engagements entrelacés. Ses engagements les plus marquants et durables l’ont été dans des communautés intellectuelles réunies autour de revues. Quelles traces de ces entreprises collectives reste-t-il dans les archives, et que peut-on y déceler qui ne soit connu par les textes ? Après avoir dressé les gros blocs des revues auxquelles Ricœur a été le plus fidèle, mon propos est de faire ressortir à travers les archives quelques traits, quelques façons de faire sur le vif.
Présence des Apaches
Authors: Albera François 
Published: October 2021

À une période où nombre de revues disparaissent et notamment les revues de cinéma – dont l’audience a fortement décru depuis quelques décennies –, la naissance d’un nouveau titre fait événement. La revue Apaches dans son premier numéro se place sous l’égide d’un auteur de film, Fritz Lang, et d’un courant critique des années 1950-1960, le mac-mahonisme qui l’avait érigé avec un nombre restreint d’autres cinéastes (Losey, Preminger, Walsh, Cottafavi, Freda) en modèles. Quel lien peuvent avoir de jeunes critiques, soucieux de se « faire une place », avec une démarche très inscrite dans une histoire des cinéphilies de l’après-Deuxième Guerre mondiale en France tant aux plans des choix esthétiques qu’idéologiques. C’est l’occasion d’évoquer Présence du cinéma qui servit de « tribune » aux mac-mahoniens, et le contexte dans lequel elle voit le jour. La définition de la fonction critique, du positionnement de la critique est alors au centre des réflexions de ses protagonistes. Le numéro 126 des Cahiers du cinéma (décembre 1961) se consacrait entièrement à la question avec table ronde, textes programmatiques et enquêtes auprès de dizaines de critiques – à l’exception des animateurs de Présence du cinéma . Refusèrent-ils l’exercice ou en furent-ils écartés ?
Le secrétariat de l’épiscopat et la naissance de la Sécurité sociale (1945-1950)
Authors: Moisset Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2021

L’établissement de la Sécurité sociale en France en 1945 place les évêques ainsi que les supérieures et supérieurs de congrégations devant l’hypothèse de l’assujettissement des prêtres ainsi que des religieuses et des religieux. Or, les autorités catholiques jugent la nouvelle institution publique inadaptée à l’Église catholique. En outre, elles perçoivent la Sécurité sociale comme un système bureaucratique sous influence communiste. Aussi, se lancent-elles dans un long combat judiciaire et politique contre un assujettissement qui leur paraît à la fois onéreux et dangereux. Adoptée le 19 février 1950, la loi Viatte en est le principal résultat. En effet, elle exempte du rattachement à un régime de sécurité sociale les ministres du culte catholique dont l’activité est « exclusivement religieuse ».
Non-Compliance to Social Distancing during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study between the Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Binte Aamir Faiqa , Ahmad Zaidi Syeda Maria , Abbas Saadia , Aamir Syed Roohan , Ahmad Zaidi Syed Nauman , Kanhya Lal Karishma , Fatima Syeda Sadia 
Published: October 2021

Background Despite mass vaccination campaigns, the world has seen a steady rise in the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases, with 178,765,626 cases and 3,869,994 COVID-19 related deaths by June 19th, 2021. Therefore, it is important to enforce social distancing to control its spread. With the variation observed in the severity of the pandemic in different countries, it is also imperative to study the social distancing behaviors amongst the population in developed and developing countries. Design and methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 394 participants from 14 different countries were surveyed via an online REDCap form. Results In this study, it was highlighted that despite adequate knowledge, the overall compliance to COVID-19 related preventive measures remains poor, the lowest being in the senior age group (≥ 65 years), and the highest being in adults aged between 25-64 years (p=0.003). Population from the developing countries were more compliant to all preventative measures against COVID-19 spread, except for handwashing, where the difference between the two populations remained insignificant (p=0.038, p<0.001, p=0.016) Socioeconomic status, prior history of COVID-19 infection or presence of comorbidities did not significantly affect compliance rates, however, participants with no prior history of this infection were found to be more compliant to donning a mask in public as compared to those with a positive history (p=0.044). Conclusions Since compliance remains subpar in both the developing and the developed countries, mass campaigns about COVID-19 related preventive measures remain essential in controlling the disease spread.
The relevance of prostate cancer screening among Saudi men attending outpatient clinics of tertiary-care hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mujamammi Ahmed Hussain A. , Sabi Essa Mohammed , Zawawi Bader A. , AlDarwish Nawaf A. , AlEiaidi Meshal A. , AlShalawi Saad , AlAngari Abdulmalik , AlOtaibi Fahad M. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Prostate cancer is a significant health-care burden in both developing and under developed countries. Efforts in Saudi Arabia may be hindered by the unclarity of awareness of predictors of early prostate cancer screening, given the complexity of such screening.

Aims:
The objective of this study was to assess awareness levels of early screening of prostate cancer and its predictors among Saudi men.

Methods:
A cross-sectional participatory approach was used to assess the awareness levels of early screening of prostate cancer among Saudi men within the age group for which early prostate cancer screening is recommended.

Results:
Participants were recruited out of those admitted to outpatient clinics of the five largest tertiary-care hospitals. Four hundred and eighteen Saudi outpatient men aged 40–65 years were interviewed. Of all participants, 79.2% had heard of prostate cancer. When comparing eligible age groups, there was a significant difference in the percentage of men who had not undergone prostate screening (P < 0.0001). Across all eligible age groups, 65.8% of participants had not been advised to undergo prostate screening by their primary care physicians. In each age group, more than 75% of men reported that they would consider early screening for prostate cancer.

Conclusion:
There was no significant difference in the percentages of men who would consider screening if they presented lower urinary tract symptoms (P = 0.179). Data on the uptake of voluntary screening of prostate cancer in Saudi Arabia are either inconclusive or insufficient. Therefore, it may be challenging to interpret the awareness levels and surveillance strategies for this disease in Saudi Arabia.
Caffeine extraction from Arabic coffee
Authors: AlShareef Saad Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
The global population's primary intake of caffeine comes from the consumption of coffee. Arabic coffee is traditionally brewed and served using a unique process. The objective of this study was to examine the plausibility of two widespread myths regarding Arabic coffee; that the longer the cooking time, and/or the more roasted the coffee, the higher is the amount of caffeine extracted per kilo-gram of raw coffee (CE).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 12 different samples of traditionally brewed Arabic coffee (with correction of lost volume due to evaporation) were directly analyzed for their caffeine concentration using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. The amount of caffeine extracted per kilogram of raw coffee (CE) where then calculated. Comparisons were then made between the CE from three types of raw coffee beans; Yemeni Bari, Yemeni Kulani, and Ethiopian Harrari. They were each roasted to two different grades (light vs. medium-dark) and each grade was cooked for a different duration of time (15 min vs. 30 min).

Results:
The type of coffee bean used was shown to significantly affect the amount of CE from raw coffee (P = 0.011). The highest amount of caffeine was extracted from raw Ethiopian Harrari coffee bean, followed by the Yemeni Kulani bean (P = 0.020 and P = 0.027, respectively). A longer cooking time significantly decreased the amount of CE from raw coffee as compared to a shorter time (P = 0.041). Medium-dark roasting was observed to cause a slight but nonsignificant decrease in amount of CE compared to light roasting (P = 0.178).

Conclusions:
The type of coffee bean used in brewing Arabic coffee is the main determinant of the amount of caffeine extracted from raw coffee. Longer cooking time and a darker roast both decrease the amount of extracted caffeine in the final brew, rendering the old myths nonplausible.
Adaptation and Validation of the Common Object Token Test to the Marathi Language and its Applicability to Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Salve Kalyani , Endal Priyanka , Maingi Nandini Dave , Vaid Neelam 
Published: October 2021

Context
The Common Object Token (COT) test is used in clinical settings to assess the complex closed-set speech perception skills in children with hearing impairment.

Aims
The translation, adaptation, and validation of the COT test for the Sinhalese language of Sri Lanka served as a model for the study presented here. The same procedure was used to adapt the original English-language test to the Marathi language of West India. The finalized Marathi version was tested on children with normal hearing (NH). Its applicability to pediatric Marathi-speaking cochlear implant (CI) recipients was demonstrated.

Materials and Methods
The forward/backward translation method was used to translate the original English-language test into Marathi. The Marathi version was assessed, adapted, and finalized by healthcare professionals and teachers who are native Marathi speakers and competent speakers of the English language. The finalized version was administered to 100 children with NH (mean age: 5.6 years; range: 2.7–9 years). Sixteen recipients of CIs manufactured by MED-EL (Innsbruck, Austria) were tested with the finalized Marathi version (mean age: 7.5 years; range: 3.5–12.5 years).

Results
The original English-language COT test was designed with two levels of subtests arranged in an order of increasing difficulty. The subtests of each level of the finalized Marathi version were shown to follow this arrangement, which could be observed from the test scores in both the children with NH and the children with CIs. A strong correlation between the total score and each subtest score for both levels 1 and 2 were found in both groups. Good internal reliability and consistency were observed in the group with NH for both test levels.

Conclusions
The COT test was translated, adapted, and validated for Marathi by administering it to children with NH. The finalized Marathi version was easily administered to pediatric CI recipients. It is recommended as a standard, validated tool for assessing the speech perception of pediatric Marathi-speaking CI recipients.
Evaluation of surface roughness and microhardness of enamel white spot lesions treated by resin infiltration technique (icons)
Authors: Wakwak Mohamed A. , Abd Alsalam Alaggana Nabil Abd , Morsy Ahmed Safwat 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
This research was designed to evaluate the effect of resin infiltration material (Icon) and remineralizing agents (n-HA, CPP-ACP) on micro hardness and surface roughness of enamel white spot lesion.

Materials & Methods
120 sound non carious human anterior teeth were used in this study. The teeth were divided according to the test of evaluation into two main groups. Group H: for assessment of micro hardness and group R: for assessment of surface roughness (60 teeth each). Then each group was divided into four equal subgroups (15 teeth each) according to the treatments applied as follows: subgroup(C): control, subgroup (P): CPPACP, subgroup (I): Icon and subgroup (N): n-HA. Each subgroup was further subdivided into three equal divisions (5 teeth each) according to the storage times in artificial saliva; one week (S1), four weeks (S2) and eight weeks (S3). The crowns of all teeth were separated from the roots and embedded horizontally in middle of the mould leaving the labial surface projecting using self-curing acrylic resin. Al specimens were immersed in demenaralizing solution for artificial enamel white spot lesion formation. Then treated with each respective material as follow: In subgroup (I) Icons was applied on labial surface of specimens and then immersed in artificial saliva. In subgroup (P) the labial surfaces of specimens were brushed manually by a soft toothbrush and with gentle pressure; brushing procedures were carried out three times daily with CPP–ACP- containing paste for 3 minutes then immersed in artificial saliva. In subgroup (N) specimens were immersed in 10% n-HA solution for 3min then immersed in artificial saliva and these applications were repeated daily. While subgroup (C) did not receive any surface treatment, but it immersed in artificial saliva as a positive control subgroup, artificial saliva was changed daily. For assessment of microhardness and surface roughness the enamel white spot lesion specimens in the four different subgroups were examined three times (after one week, four weeks and eight weeks from the first time of treatment application) by Vickers micro hardness testing machine and none contact profilometer.

Results
The results of microhardness revealed that the subgroup (N) was provided the highest micro hardness mean value, followed by subgroup (I) group, then subgroup (P) group while subgroup (C) showed the lowest micro hardness mean value. The results of surface roughness revealed that the subgroup (P) group was provided the highest surface roughness mean value, followed by subgroup (C), then subgroup (N) while subgroup (I) showed the lowest surface roughness.

Conclusions
Resin infiltration material (Icon) had a positive effect on microhardness and surface roughness of enamel white spot lesion.