bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent Vacuum Insulation Panels
Authors: Katsura Takao 
Published: December 2021

New, low-cost transparent vacuum insulation panels (TVIPs) using structured cores for the windows of existing buildings are proposed. The TVIP is produced by inserting the structured core, the low-emissivity film, and the adsorbent into the transparent gas barrier envelopes. In this chapter, the authors introduce the outlines, the design and thermal analysis method, the performance evaluation (test) method. Firstly, five spacers, namely peek, modified peek, mesh, silica aerogel, and frame, are selected as the structured core. The effective thermal conductivity of TVIPs with five different spacers is evaluated at different pressure levels by applying numerical calculation. The result indicated that TVIPs with frame and mesh spacers accomplish better insulation performance, with a center-of-panel apparent thermal conductivity of 7.0 × 10−3 W/m K at a pressure of 1 Pa. The apparent thermal conductivity is the same as the value obtained by the simultaneous evacuation thermal conductivity measurement applying the heat flux meter method. Furthermore, using a frame-type TVIP with a total thickness of 3 mm attached to an existing window as a curtain decreases the space heat loss by approximately 69.5%, whereas the light transparency decreases to 75%.
The Effect of Rapid Initiation Versus Delayed Initiation of Antibiotics in Pediatric Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Cowart Mallory C. , Heath Travis S. , Shipman Andrakeia 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to determine if administration of antibiotics within 1 hour of meeting sepsis criteria improved patient outcomes versus antibiotics administered greater than 1 hour after meeting sepsis criteria in pediatric patients. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign's international guidelines recommend appropriate antimicrobial therapy be administered within 1 hour of recognition of severe sepsis or septic shock. Data regarding outcomes in pediatric patients with sepsis regarding antibiotic timing are currently limited.METHODSThis was a retrospective chart review of 69 pediatric patients admitted between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2016, with a diagnosis of sepsis.RESULTSThe primary outcome of in-hospital mortality was 7.1% in the within 1 hour group versus 14.6% in the greater than 1 hour group (p = 0.3399). Median hospital length of stay was significantly shorter in the within 1 hour group (15.4 versus 39.2 days, p = 0.0022). Median intensive care unit length of stay was also significantly shorter in the within 1 hour group (3.1 versus 33.6 days, p = 0.0191). There were no differences between groups for pediatric intensive care unit admission, end organ dysfunction, time to intubation, or time on the ventilator.CONCLUSIONSPediatric patients who receive antimicrobial therapy within 1 hour of meeting sepsis criteria had improved hospital and intensive care unit length of stay. This study supports the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines recommendation to administer antibiotics within 1 hour in pediatric patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Antifungal Prophylaxis With Posaconazole in Immunocompromised Children Younger Than 13 Years
Authors: Maquera-Afaray Julio , Luna-Vilchez Medalit , Salazar-Mesones Blanca , Portillo-Alvarez Diana , Uribe-Ramirez Luis , Taipe-Sedano Graciela , Santillán-Salas Carlos , López José W. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Prophylaxis with posaconazole (PP) is effective in the prevention of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised adult patients. However, evaluation of its effectiveness and safety in children is limited. The aim of the study was to describe the use of posaconazole as antifungal prophylaxis in children.

METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of immunocompromised patients younger than 13 years with hematologic diseases and post hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) who received antifungal PP at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja (INSN-SB) in Lima, Peru, from January 2014 to December 2018.

RESULTS
Fifty-six courses of PP were identified in 47 patients with a median age of 7.5 years (IQR, 4–10), 51.6% (n = 24) of whom were female. The main underlying medical conditions were aplastic anemia (n = 19, 33.9%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 18, 32.1%), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 14, 25.0%), and 34.1% had undergone HSCT. The median dose of posaconazole was 13.62 mg/kg/day (IQR, 12.0–16.8), and the median duration of PP was 24 days (IQR, 16–82). Gastrointestinal symptoms included abdominal pain (17.9%), nausea (16.1%), diarrhea (7.1%), and vomiting (3.6%). Elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were observed in 9/35 patients (25.7%) and 10/51 (19.6%) patients, respectively. Five cases of breakthrough fungal infection were identified (8.9%).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients younger than 13 years who received PP showed an increase in transaminase values, and the development of breakthrough fungal infections.
Carbon and nitrogen deposition on the surface of marginal sediments under different land use systems along the Paraopeba river basin (Minas Gerais, State)
Authors: Silva Libério Junio da , Baldotto Marihus Altoé , Baldotto Lílian Estrela Borges , Sander Nilo Leal , Leite Fernanda Figueiredo Granja Dorilêo 
Published: December 2021

The knowledge of the contents of organic compounds in aquatic ecosystems is of great importance, since the dissolved organic matter represents a dynamic component in the interaction between geospheres. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of carbon, nitrogen, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in the marginal sediments and the carbon content in the waters along the Paraopeba river basin (MG). The samples were collected in five locations (Jeceaba, Brumadinho, Fortuna de Minas, Florestal, and Três Marias) corresponding to the high, medium, and low river segments. The carbon content was determined by the Walkley & Black method and the nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method. The carbon content ranges from 4.75 to 5.97 g kg-1. Nitrogen ranged from 0.73 to 1.08 g kg-1. Finally, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio varied from 5.15 to 21.25. The carbon content in the water samples ranged from 0 to 0.25 g L-1. As the values ​​of dissolved organic carbon were very low or even zero, the nitrogen content and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio were not determined. There was a negative and a positive correlation with the aluminum content (r = -0.70 and r = 0.74, respectively) indicating possible contamination by heavy metals. Therefore, the levels of carbon, nitrogen, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio were sensitive indicators of changes in the aquatic ecosystem.
Comportamento térmico de lignina residual de pré-tratamento de biomassa lignocelulósica
Authors: Hoffmann Luane Pauline Maciel , Lemões Juliana Silva , Manetti Adriana Gonçalves da Silva , Schmitt Patricia Oliveira , Silva Cláudia Fernanda Lemons e 
Published: December 2021

O artigo apresenta o estudo comparativo entre três diferentes tipos de lignina recuperadas de licores negros de pré-tratamento de biomassas para a produção de etanol de segunda geração, sendo elas ligninas de arroz, arundo e de mistura de biomassa. Como enfoque principal aborda a caracterização térmica de ambas as ligninas, comparando-as entre si. As ligninas foram recuperadas através de precipitação com H2SO4 50% v/v e após processo de lavagem, procederam-se análises espectrofotométricas no infravermelho (FTIR), análise termogravimétrica (TGA) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). Através da análise FTIR foram identificados os grupos funcionais OH, C-C, C=O e C=C que são característicos de ligninas. Entretanto as análises por TGA indicaram que as três ligninas apresentaram teores semelhantes para umidade, e diferenças significativas com relação aos teores de voláteis e cinzas, confirmando a complexidade estrutural da lignina. Associada à análise termogravimétrica as ligninas foram submetidas à análise DSC para determinação da perda de energia, onde apesar de apresentar dois eventos endotérmicos a lignina de arundo apresentou uma menor absorção de energia em relação às ligninas de arroz e de mistura de biomassas.
Potencial de remoção de cobre do solo por técnica de fitorremediação
Authors: Mendonça Alexandre Tourino , Santos Caio Cesar Andrade dos , Marques Rosângela Francisca de Paula Vitor , Oliveira Alisson Souza de , Santos Claudiomir da Silva 
Published: December 2021

A contaminação por cobre está relacionada com rejeitos de mineração e a agricultura sendo que um dos contaminantes é o fungicida sulfato de cobre. A fitorremediação tornou-se uma possibilidade muito viável, com baixo custo de implantação e resultados satisfatórios. E neste processo são utilizadas espécies vegetais na recuperação de ambientes contaminados. Este trabalho objetivou: a verificação da eficiência das espécies vegetais Chrysopogon zizanioides e Cyperus rotundus na absorção de cobre; a redução da quantidade de cobre no solo tratado; o tempo necessário para o efeito das plantas na redução da concentração de cobre, e analisou parâmetros físicos e químicos do solo tratado. O experimento foi realizado em três blocos inteiramente casualisados, com diferentes concentrações, com base nos valores orientadores de qualidade, prevenção e intervenção estabelecidos pela CETESB. Foram coletadas amostras, de solo, raízes e partes aéreas das plantas, e estatisticamente, foram catalogados os resultados de eficácia do tratamento.
Emissão de CO2 e número de internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias: previsão de internação com redes neurais artificias
Authors: Castelão Raul Asseff , Carneiro Júnior João Bosco Arbués , Souza Celso Correia de , Frainer Daniel Massen , França Josimar Fernandes de 
Published: December 2021

Este estudo investigou a capacidade preditiva das RNA’s para explicar o número de internações hospitalares provocadas por doenças respiratórias na cidade de Campo Grande (MS), em função do volume de emissão de CO2 e do número de habitantes. A relevância do estudo é observada pela utilização da inteligência artificial para auxiliar na previsão de doenças respiratórias na população devido ao efeito do volume de CO2 emitido pelos veículos automotores. O estudo é caracterizado como descritivo-exploratório e o período de análise foi de 2005 a 2016. Os dados utilizados na pesquisa foram obtidos junto à SEMAGRO/MS, IBGE e DATASUS. Concluiu-se que o modelo de RNA foi capaz de explicar, com erro de 0,11 o número de internações provocadas por doenças respiratórias. Pode-se afirmar que o modelo apresentou valores satisfatórios para sua validação e uso.
The Cemetery of the March Revolution in Berlin. A key site in the history of European democracy
Authors: Kitschun Susanne 
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo aborda el Cementerio de la Revolución de Marzo desde su fundación en la Revolución Europea de 1848-49 hasta la actualidad. Durante la revolución de 1918-19, el cementerio fue ampliado y, a lo largo del tiempo, se ha ido transformando repetidamente según los diferentes sistemas políticos. Desde el principio, el Cementerio de la Revolución de Marzo ha sido un lugar que ha cumplido dos propósitos: ser espacio del luto personal de los familiares de los fallecidos y escenario de manifestaciones masivas y actos políticos conmemorativos para promover los derechos civiles y humanos. Los lugares de recuerdo de la historia de la democracia europea, como el Cementerio de la Revolución de Marzo, contribuyen a reforzar nuestras raíces culturales y políticas comunes y a establecer una cultura europea del recuerdo.
This essay presents the cemetery of the March Fallen from its foundation in the European Revolution of 1848-49 to the present. During the revolution of 1918-19 the cemetery was expanded and over time it was repeatedly transformed in the different political systems. Right from the start, the Cemetery of the March Revolution has always been a place for two purposes: the personal grief of relatives of the dead, and mass demonstrations and political commemorative events to promote civil and human rights. Sites of remembrance for the history of European democracy such as the cemetery of the March Revolution help strengthen our shared cultural and political roots and help to establish a European culture of remembrance.
preservation of the funerary traditions of a religious minority: Jewish cemeteries in Europe
Authors: Jacobs Joachim 
Published: December 2021

Este artículo ofrece un compendio de la evolución de los cementerios judíos en Europa desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días. No está centrado en los sepulcros sino en su posicionamiento, distribución y diseño posterior. Los cementerios judíos reflejan una situación en constante cambio de una minoría religiosa y social dentro de un entorno a veces tolerante, pero, en la mayor parte de los casos, intolerante. Es una historia de separación e integración, de conservar la tradición o de asimilación. A lo largo de más de dos milenios se ha mantenido el núcleo de creencias judías sobre la vida después de la muerte y cómo afrontar la muerte y el entierro. Su conservación es una tarea gigantesca, ya que estas ‘Casas de la Vida’ son el testimonio de esta minoría de europeos tempranos que conectaron el continente tras el colapso de la civilización de la antigüedad.
This article gives a brief outline of the development of Jewish cemeteries in Europe since antiquity up to today. It focuses less on gravestones than on the positioning, layout and later design of these burial places. Jewish cemeteries reflect the ever changing situation of a religious and social minority within a sometimes tolerant, but mostly intolerant environment. It’s a history of separation and integration, of retaining tradition or assimilation. O two millennia a core of Jewish belief in afterlife and coping with death and burial was kept. Their upkeep is a gigantic task, as these ‘Houses of Life’ are a testimony to a minority of early Europeans, who connected the continent following the collapse of the civilisation of antiquity.
Cemeteries of the Great War by Sir Edwin Lutyens
Authors: Geurst Jeroen 
Published: December 2021

En 1917 se le encargó al arquitecto británico sir Edwin Lutyens que hiciera diseños para los cementerios de guerra en el continente. El resultado fue casi 1000 cementerios y monumentos diseñados por Lutyens y otros arquitectos en Bélgica, norte de Francia y varios lugares de Asia. Bajo el liderazgo del director del Museo Británico, los arquitectos optaron por un estilo común, con la libertad de hacer variaciones individuales para cada cementerio relacionado con su contexto. Como resultado de estas dos ideas opuestas, hay dos elementos principales en cada cementerio, la ‘Piedra de Guerra’ diseñada por Lutyens y la Cruz del Sacrificio de Blomfield. Para los soldados desaparecidos, se erigieron enormes monumentos con sus nom- bres en las paredes como único recuerdo. Los cementerios más pequeños fueron diseñados por jóvenes arquitectos que estuvieron en el ejército durante la guerra. Hay lápidas en lugar de cruces para cada tumba según las diferentes condiciones religiosas de los soldados. Para Lutyens, el concepto de cementerio se basaba en la idea de una catedral verde, una iglesia al aire libre, rodeada de árboles como columnas. Esta idea se inspiró en la conocida arquitecta paisajista Getrude Jekyll. Gracias al mantenimiento por parte de la Commonwealth War Graves Commission, los cementerios todavía están en perfecto estado y juegan un papel importante en el recuerdo de la Primera Guerra Mundial.
Already in 1917, the British architect sir Edwin Lutyens was asked to make designs for warcemeteries on the continent. In the end this resulted in almost 1000 cemeteries and monuments designed by Lutyens and other architects in Belgium, Northern France and other locations in Asia. Under leadership of the director of the British Museum, the architects have chosen for a common style, with the freedom to make individual variations for each cemetery related to the site. As a result of two opposing ideas there are two main elements on each cemetery, the War Stone designed by Lutyens and the Cross of Sacrifice by Blomfield. For the soldiers which were not found huge monuments were erected with their names on walls as their only surviving memory. The smaller cemeteries were designed by young architects who were in the army during the war. There are headstones instead of crosses for each grave due to the different religious background of the soldiers. For Lutyens the concept of a cemetery was based on the idea of green cathedral, a church in the open air, surrounded by trees as columns. For this idea he took advice from the well-known landscape architect Getrude Jekyll. Because of the maintenance by de Commonwealth War Graves Commission Still the cemeteries are still in perfect state and play an important role in the remembrance of the First World War.
Inseparabilidad entre salud pública y derechos humanos en democracia y las restricciones a los derechos en tiempos de COVID-19 en Brasil
Authors: Balmant Emerique Lilian 
Published: December 2021

El artículo analiza la cuestión de las restricciones de derechos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 desde la perspectiva interdisciplinaria de la salud global y los derechos humanos, teniendo como eje principal de apreciación la inseparabilidad entre el derecho a la salud y los derechos humanos en la democracia. Para ello, se analizan aspectos relativos al Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, con especial énfasis en la Resolución nº 01/2020 de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (CIDH - OEA) confrontando sus bases en términos de inseparabilidad entre salud y derechos humanos para la democracia. Por último, para ilustrar la relevancia del aporte de derechos humanos en salud en una lógica de afirmación democrática se analizan algunas normativas y medidas expedidas por el Gobierno Federal Brasileño durante la crisis sanitaria y que afectan a la salud, los derechos humanos y la democracia. Se utiliza el método deductivo y la metodología de investigación bibliográfica y normativa, además de los recursos de referencias recientes recolectados en sitios electrónicos sobre COVID-19, debido a su actualidad.
Differential expression profiles of microRNAs in musk gland of unmated and mated forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii)
Authors: Jie Hang , Xu Zhongxian , Gao Jian , Li Feng , Chen Yinglian , Zeng Dejun , Zhao Guijun , Li Diyan 
Published: December 2021

Background
The formation of musk is a complex biophysical and biochemical process that change with the rut of male forest musk deer. We have reported that the mating status of male forest musk deer might result to the variations of chemical composition and microbiota of musk and its yields. Critical roles for microRNAs (miRNAs) of multi-tissues were profiled in our previous study; however, the role for miRNAs of the musk gland remains unclear in this species.

Methods
In this study, we used Illumina deep sequencing technology to sequence the small RNA transcriptome of unmated male (UM) and mated male (UM) of Chinese forest musk deer.

Results
We identified 1,652 known miRNAs and 45 novel miRNAs, of which there were 174 differentially expressed miRNAs between UM and MM. chi-miR-21-5p, ipu-miR-99b and bta-miR-26a were up-regulated in UM among the 10 most differentially expressed miRNAs. Functional enrichment of the target genes showed that monosaccharide biosynthetic process, protein targeting, cellular protein catabolic process enriched higher in MM. Meanwhile, structural molecule activity, secretion by cell, regulated exocytosis and circulatory system process enriched more in UM, hinting that the formation of musk in UM was mediated by target genes related to exocytosis. The miRNA-mRNA pairs such as miR-21: CHD7, miR143: HSD17B7, miR-141/200a: Noc2 might involve in musk gland development and musk secretion, which need to be verified in future study.
Entropic Information Theory: Formulae and Quantum Gravity Bits from Bit
Authors: Denis Olivier 
Published: December 2021

We show here that entropic information is capable of unifying all aspects of the universe at all scales in a coherent and global theoretical mathematical framework materialized by entropic information framework, theory and formulas, where dark matter, dark energy and gravity are truly informationals processes and where information is code and code is what creates the process, it is itself the process. Mass, energy and movement of information are respectively dark matter, dark energy, and gravity. Here, we reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics by introducing quantum gravity for the Planckian scale. The formulas of entropic information are expressed in natural units, physical units of measurement based only on universal constants, constants, which refer to the basic structure of the laws of physics: C and G are part of the structure of space-time in general relativity, and h captures the relationship between energy and frequency that is the basis of quantum mechanics. Here we show that entropic information formulas are able to present entropic information in various unifying aspects and introduce gravity at the Planck scale. We prove that Entropic information theory is thus building the bridge between general relativity and quantum mechanics
Avaliação de Desempenho: Percepção dos Auditores Independentes na Aferição Da Remuneração
Authors: Anjos Luiz Carlos Marques dos , Tavares Márcia Ferreira Neves , Silva José Dionísio Gomes da 
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é evidenciar a percepção dos auditores em relação aos critérios utilizados para aferição da sua remuneração. Para tanto foi elaborado um questionário estruturado através da plataforma Google docs que foi disponibilizado para auditores de 7 diferentes escritórios de auditoria entre os meses de maio e junho de 2013. O tratamento estatístico remete a análise descritiva dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo, com base na utilização de medidas de posição e dispersão. Foram utilizadas ainda tabelas de contingência para analisar comportamentos de indivíduos em variáveis distintas. A amostra foi composta por 17 indivíduos componentes dos diversos cargos hierárquicos da carreira de auditor independente. A análise dos resultados evidenciou	que auditores que investem mais tempo em reuniões com pares também desejam ser remunerados pelo resultado da equipe e que as informações contábeis não são utilizadas para avaliar os esforços da maior parte dos auditores. Verificou-se ainda que a existência de fatores incontroláveis impulsiona os respondentes a reconhecerem a necessidade do uso da subjetividade em suas avaliações de desempenho. Conclui-se que não existe consenso entre os respondentes se critérios contábeis deveriam ser utilizados para avaliar desempenho e que o cargo em que o auditor se encontra influencia na sua percepção em relação a critérios de remuneração variável.