bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
gamma: a new method for modelling relativistic hydrodynamics and non-thermal emission on a moving mesh
Authors: Ayache Eliot H , van Eerten Hendrik J , Eardley Rupert W 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
In recent years, dynamical relativistic jet simulation techniques have progressed to a point where it is becoming possible to fully numerically resolve gamma-ray burst (GRB) blast-wave evolution across scales. However, the modelling of emission is currently lagging behind and limits our efforts to fully interpret the physics of GRBs. In this work we combine recent developments in moving-mesh relativistic dynamics with a local treatment of non-thermal emission in a new code: gamma. The code involves an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach only in the dominant direction of fluid motion that avoids mesh entanglement and associated computational costs. Shock detection, particle injection, and local calculation of their evolution including radiative cooling are done at runtime. Even though gamma has been designed with GRB physics applications in mind, it is modular such that new solvers and geometries can be implemented easily with a wide range of potential applications. In this paper, we demonstrate the validity of our approach and compute accurate broad-band GRB afterglow radiation from early to late times. Our results show that the spectral cooling break shifts by a factor of ∼40 compared to existing methods. Its temporal behaviour also significantly changes from the previously calculated temporary steep increase after the jet break. Instead, we find that the cooling break does not shift with time between the relativistic and Newtonian asymptotes when computed from our local algorithm. gamma is publicly available at: https://github.com/eliotayache/gamma.
Neck Pain Clinical Prediction Rule to Prescribe Combined Aerobic and Neck-Specific Exercises: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Daher Amir , Carel Rafael S , Dar Gali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
A previous randomized controlled trial revealed that combined aerobic and neck-specific exercises yielded greater improvement than neck-specific exercises alone after a 6-month intervention in outpatients with nonspecific neck pain (NP). The aim of this secondary analysis was to identify subgroups of patients in the combined exercises group most likely to benefit from the intervention.

Methods
Sixty-nine patients were included. The original trial was conducted in multiple physical therapy outpatient clinics twice a week for 6 weeks; follow-up was 6 months after assignment. The primary outcome was the therapeutic success rate (Global Rating of Change Score ≥ +5, “quite a bit better”) after 6 weeks of training and at the 6-month follow-up. Candidate predictors from patients’ medical history and physical examination were selected for univariable regression analysis to determine their association with treatment response status. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to derive preliminary clinical prediction rules.

Results
The clinical prediction rule contained 3 predictor variables: (1) symptom duration ≤6 months, (2) neck flexor endurance ≥18 seconds, and (3) absence of referred pain (Nagelkerke R2 = .40 and −2 log likelihood = 60.30). The pre-test probability of success was 61.0% in the short term and 77.0% in the long term. The post-test probability of success for patients with at least 2 of the 3 predictor variables was 84.0% in the short term and 87.0% in the long term; such patients will likely benefit from this program.

Conclusion
A simple 3-item assessment, derived from easily obtainable baseline data, can identify patients with NP who may respond best to combined aerobic and neck-specific exercises. Validation is required before clinical recommendation.

Impact
Patients experiencing NP symptoms ≤6 months who have no referred pain and exhibit neck flexor endurance ≥18 seconds may benefit from a simple self-training program of combined aerobic and neck-specific exercises.
Divinity and Nihilism in W. B. Yeats’s A Vision
Authors: Balavage Elysia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the place of nihilistic philosophy in W. B. Yeats’s notoriously opaque work A Vision. Despite often being cast as a failure, A Vision is considered fundamental to a comprehension of Yeats and his writings. While much work has been done to illuminate this obscure text, criticism has not yet adequately addressed a trio of integral philosophical influences on Yeats and their presence in A Vision. This article shows that Yeats employs the ‘old’ nihilistic attributes present in Baruch Spinoza’s substance monism, Immanuel Kant’s transcendental idealism and Georg Hegel’s Absolute Spirit to propose a foundational metaphysical system and reimagine the concept of ‘deity’. Yeats enthusiastically read each of these three philosophers, counting them amongst the most significant thinkers he studied. By interrogating the deific properties of the Thirteenth Cone, this article argues that old nihilism shapes Yeats’s system in A Vision and, more broadly, illustrates the poet’s understanding of generative nothingness, a concept that Spinoza, Kant and Hegel considered the underpinning of epistemological reality.
Key factors affecting the promotion of researchers of the Argentine Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)
Authors: D'Onofrio María Guillermina , Rogers Juan D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The evaluation system is an important component of the institutional arrangements that may shape the career trajectories of researchers. Using logistic regression and recursive partition models, we analyze the resulting key individual level factors that seem to play an important role in the promotion of researchers through the research evaluation system of the Argentine National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) in two selected fields, namely, the basic and applied sides of the molecular biology and biotechnology fields. The data are from 599 researchers who are members of the scientific and technological “research career” of the Council. We analyze the promotion through the first two stages of the process, namely, promotion from “assistant investigator” to “adjunct investigator” and from the latter to “independent investigator” for the entire cohort of candidates eligible during years 2013 and 2014. We find that time in grade (a strong normative requirement of the system), a moderate number of publications of international quality, evidence of mentoring the future generation of researchers, and registered technological production are the main factors that predict researchers’ promotion. Conversely, the specific academic profile, early external funding, gender, time from graduation, and postdocs abroad do not have a significant effect.
Cluster analysis in early axial spondyloarthritis predicts poor outcome in the presence of peripheral articular manifestations
Authors: Costantino Félicie , Aegerter Philippe , Schett Georg , De Craemer Ann-Sophie , Molto Anna , Van den Bosch Filip , Elewaut Dirk , Breban Maxime , D’Agostino Maria-Antonietta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To assess whether two cluster analysis-based axial SpA (axSpA) endotypes (A for purely axial; B for both axial and peripheral) are stable over time and are associated with different long-term disease outcomes.

Methods
K-means cluster analysis was performed at each visit (until 5 years) on 584 patients from the DESIR cohort, who completed all planned visits, and validated in 232 consecutive axSpA patients from the BeGiant cohort. Cluster stability overtime was assessed by kappa statistics. A generalized linear mixed-effect analysis was applied to compare outcomes between clusters. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was performed to determine a decision rule able to assign a given patient to a definite cluster at onset.

Results
Both endotypes remained remarkably stable over time. In the DESIR cohort, patients in cluster B showed higher disease activity, worse functional outcome and higher need for anti-rheumatic drugs than patients in cluster A. CART analysis yielded three main clinical features (arthritis, enthesitis and dactylitis) that accurately determined cluster assignment. These results could be replicated in the Be-GIANT cohort.

Conclusion
Cluster-based axSpA endotypes were reproducible in two different cohorts, stable over time and associated with different long-term outcome. The axSpA endotype with additional peripheral disease manifestations is associated with more severe disease and requires more intensive drug therapy

Clinical trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01648907.
Bayesian Inference of Clonal Expansions in a Dated Phylogeny
Authors: Helekal David , Ledda Alice , Volz Erik , Wyllie David , Didelot Xavier 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Microbial population genetics models often assume that all lineages are constrained by the same population size dynamics over time. However, many neutral and selective events can invalidate this assumption and can contribute to the clonal expansion of a specific lineage relative to the rest of the population. Such differential phylodynamic properties between lineages result in asymmetries and imbalances in phylogenetic trees that are sometimes described informally but which are difficult to analyze formally. To this end, we developed a model of how clonal expansions occur and affect the branching patterns of a phylogeny. We show how the parameters of this model can be inferred from a given dated phylogeny using Bayesian statistics, which allows us to assess the probability that one or more clonal expansion events occurred. For each putative clonal expansion event, we estimate its date of emergence and subsequent phylodynamic trajectory, including its long-term evolutionary potential which is important to determine how much effort should be placed on specific control measures. We demonstrate the applicability of our methodology on simulated and real data sets. Inference under our clonal expansion model can reveal important features in the evolution and epidemiology of infectious disease pathogens. [Clonal expansion; genomic epidemiology; microbial population genomics; phylodynamics.]
Anesthesia for interventional pulmonology
Authors: Semmelmann Axel , Loop Torsten 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Anesthesia for pulmonological interventions is a demanding challenge. This article discusses recent innovations and the implications for periinterventional anesthetic management.

Recent findings
Interventional pulmonology is a rapidly expanding specialty with very complex diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that include oncological staging, treatment of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases, recanalization of endobronchial obstructions, and retrieval of foreign bodies. With the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, the application is extended to critically ill patients. Current evidence focusing on the anesthetic techniques is presented here.

Summary
The development of new pulmonological methods requires a tailored anesthesiological approach. Their specific impact must be taken into account to ensure patient safety, goal-oriented outcome diagnostics and -quality, successful interventions, and patient comfort.
Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe
Authors: Fuchs Alexander , Disma Nicola , Virág Katalin , Ulmer Francis , Habre Walid , de Graaff Jurgen C. , Riva Thomas 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND
Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl−1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards.

OBJECTIVE
To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome.

DESIGN
A multicentre observational study.

SETTING
The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks’ postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017.

PATIENTS
The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, ‘delta haemoglobin’ (preprocedure – transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality.

RESULTS
Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl−1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl−1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl−1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg−1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl−1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%.

CONCLUSIONS
Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348
MsFLASH analysis of diurnal salivary cortisol and palpitations in peri- and postmenopausal women
Authors: Carpenter Janet S. , Tisdale James E. , Larson Joseph C. , Sheng Ying , Chen Chen X. , Von Ah Diane , Kovacs Richard , Reed Susan D. , Thurston Rebecca C. , Guthrie Katherine A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between diurnal salivary cortisol patterns and distress from heart palpitations in midlife women.

Methods:
We analyzed baseline data from 293 women who were eligible for a 3 × 2 factorial trial of exercise or yoga versus routine activity, and omega-3 fish oil versus placebo for vasomotor symptoms. Women self-collected salivary cortisol using swabs at four time points over 2 consecutive days and reported distress from heart racing or pounding during the past 2 weeks using a single item. Sample description and covariate data included demographics, clinical data, vasomotor symptom frequency from daily diaries, medication use, and validated questionnaires on depression, stress, and insomnia (Patient Health Questionnaire-8, Perceived Stress Scale, and Insomnia Severity index). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and t tests, and repeated measure linear regression models.

Results:
Participants were on average 54.6 (SD = 3.6) years old, most were White (67%) postmenopausal (84%), and 26% reported distress related to palpitations. In adjusted models, the morning (wake plus 30-min) geometric mean daily salivary cortisol concentrations were significantly more blunted in those with distress from palpitations compared with those without distress (P ≤ 0.03). When all covariates were controlled, distress from palpitations was the sole significant predictor of wake plus 30-minute cortisol (−0.25 [−0.45 to −0.04], P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Palpitations among midlife women may be associated with blunted morning cortisol, and this relationship is not explained by demographics, clinical variables, vasomotor symptoms, medications, depression, stress, or insomnia.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus-attributable Deaths in a Major Pediatric Hospital in New South Wales, Australia, 1998–2018
Authors: Saravanos Gemma L. , Hsu Peter , Isaacs David , Macartney Kristine , Wood Nicholas J. , Britton Philip N. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection and an important contributor to child mortality. In this study, we estimated the frequency and described the clinical features of RSV-attributable deaths in Australian children.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective observational study of RSV-associated deaths in hospitalized children <16 years of age over a 21-year period (1998–2018) in a pediatric tertiary/quaternary referral hospital in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. RSV-associated deaths were identified, reviewed, and classified according to RSV contribution to death. For ‘RSV-attributable’ deaths, we estimated frequency, case fatality ratio (CFR), and population death rate. We described demographic and clinical features of cases.

Results:
There were 20 RSV-attributable deaths. RSV was considered the primary cause of death for five cases and a contributory cause for 15 cases. The CFR among hospitalized cases was 0.2% (20/9779). The annual death rate was 0.6 per 10,000 hospitalized children. The population death rate was 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.5–2.7) per million children <16 years of age in NSW. The median age at death was 28.7 months (interquartile range 8.8–75.0). All children had at least one medical comorbidity. Over half the deaths occurred in children ≥2 years of age (11, 55%). RSV healthcare-associated infection (RSV-HAI) was common (11, 55%).

Conclusions:
RSV-attributable death is infrequent in this setting. Deaths occurred exclusively in children with medical comorbidity and a high proportion were RSV-HAI. Children with medical comorbidity, including those ≥2 years of age, should be prioritized for targeted prevention of RSV disease.
Diabetic hypertriglyceridaemia and Alzheimer's disease: causal or not?
Authors: Takechi Ryusuke , Lam Virginie , Mamo John C.L. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
To summarize recent findings considering type II diabetes, or metabolic syndrome dyslipidaemia with risk for Alzheimer's disease.

Recent findings
Population, genetic, clinical and preclinical studies support the hypothesis of increased risk for Alzheimer's disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms are unclear. However, recent studies suggest that aberrations in the peripheral metabolism of triglyceride-rich-lipoproteins compromise the brain microvasculature.

Summary
We review the literature of prediabetic metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. We focus on a potential association with aberrations in the systemic metabolism of triglyceride-rich-lipoproteins reported over 18 months.
Are you sure that ankle is just sprained? A review of common ankle conditions, diagnoses and treatment
Authors: Chipman Danielle E. , Mackie Alexandra T. , Doyle Shevaun M. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review
Acute ankle sprains frequently occur in active children and adolescents but may be the initial clinical presentation of other less common disorders affecting the lower extremities. There are many conditions that may cause one or multiple episodes of ankle injury that are misdiagnosed as an acute ankle sprain. This manuscript highlights diagnoses that should be considered when evaluating and managing a child or adolescent who presents initially and/or repeatedly with an acute ankle sprain.

Recent findings
In recent years, various studies have continued to note the prevalence of misdiagnosed ankle sprains, especially amongst the paediatric population. If ankle radiographs demonstrate no abnormalities during an initial clinical examination, often the patient is diagnosed with an acute ankle sprain. However, this can be a misdiagnosis, especially when the patient has had recurrent episodes of ankle injury and ancillary studies are not performed.

Summary
There are many diagnoses that can go unnoticed in the initial evaluation of a paediatric or adolescent ankle sprain. It is important for physicians to be aware of these other conditions to ensure proper treatment plans. This manuscript will analyse five conditions that may be misdiagnosed as an ankle sprain, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, osteochondritis dissecans of the talus, hereditary sensory motor neuropathy (Charcot-Marie Tooth disease), tarsal coalition and transitional ankle fractures.
Perinatal Experiences of Asian American Women During COVID-19
Authors: Goyal Deepika , Han Meekyung , Feldman-Schwartz Talia , Le Huynh-Nhu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
To explore the wellbeing, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences of Asian American women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Design:
Qualitative exploratory design.

Methods:
Using convenience and snowball sampling, we recruited Asian American women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic via social media. Participants completed sociodemographic and depressive symptom questionnaires and took part in a virtual semistructured interview where they were asked to describe their pregnancy, birth, and postpartum experiences in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative content analysis methods were used to identify themes from participant narratives.

Results:
Thirty-eight Asian American women representing several racial ethnic subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Vietnamese) participated in our study. Participants were on average 34 (SD = 3.5) years of age; the majority were married and lived in California. At the time of data collection, participants were 3.7 (SD = 2.07) months postpartum and 5.3 to 10.5 months into the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative content analysis revealed two main themes: 1) unexpected perinatal journey, and 2) the emotional and psychological consequences of COVID-19.

Clinical Implications:
Our findings are not unique to Asian American women, but they offer insight for nurses taking care of all childbearing women. Nurses can provide individually tailored anticipatory guidance to help women navigate perinatal changes and manage expectations during future public health crises. Nurses can also encourage and help perinatal women identify ways to increase their own social support networks during the pregnancy and postpartum period.
“Sleeping Beauty Syndrome” and Psychosis as Precursory Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Evagorou Olympia , Arvaniti Aikaterini , Angelopoulou Christina , Mavraki Eleni , Mikellides Georgios , Samakouri Maria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Frequently, patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience comorbid psychiatric symptoms. Mental disorders primarily occur simultaneously with or after an MS diagnosis; however, the probability of them being the initial manifestation of the disease is rare. We describe the case of a 22-year-old man who had previously been hospitalized because a single psychotic episode alongside symptoms of Kleine-Levin syndrome and a diagnosis of “acute and transient psychotic disorders.” Two years later, he was diagnosed with MS. A literature review of the possibility of a psychiatric episode overshadowing an MS diagnosis is then presented. Clinicians should always consider the possibility of an underlying organicity in a case of psychiatric presentation with atypical features, with special attention being given during the investigation process. This approach will lead to the early diagnosis of an organic disease, which can be treated accordingly and as early as possible.