bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Psychopathology, Depression, and Anxiety Levels of Children and Adolescents With Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Kara Aziz , Doğan Melih Timuçin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vasovagal syncope constitutes 61% to 80% of syncope cases in the pediatric age group. Syncope is frequently associated with psychopathologies such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatization disorders, etc. Our study aims to evaluate vasovagal syncope cases in terms of additional psychopathologies, depression, and anxiety levels with a control group. A total of 97 people were included in the study (47 cases and 50 controls). After conducting a cardiological examination, the participants were evaluated for psychopathologies using Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version, Child Depression Inventory, and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. The case group had a higher rate of psychopathology compared with the control group. Depression, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, and conversion disorder were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. Syncope in children can be an underlying psychopathology or the clinical manifestation of a psychosomatic condition. Psychological assessment, which could offer beneficial contributions to the diagnosis and treatment of syncope, was considered necessary for a holistic evaluation of patients.
Specific Phobia
Authors: Wetzer Guido , ten Have Margreet , de Graaf Ron , Batelaan Neeltje M. , van Balkom Anton J.L.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Predicting the onset and persistence of psychopathology and limited functioning might enable personalized care. Specific phobia (SP) might serve as a predictor, but this needs further evaluation. Participants of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 were divided into three groups: no-SP (n = 6094), history of SP (n = 204), and current SP (n = 348). Results showed that current SP was associated with a higher prevalence of other anxiety disorders, mood and substance use disorders, and lower levels of functioning. The 6-year onset of other anxiety disorders was associated with history and current SP. Current-SP was also associated with the onset of mood disorders. Neuroticism and childhood trauma only partly accounted for these associations. To conclude, SP was independently associated with presence and onset of other disorders and with limited functioning over time. The presence of SP may serve as an identifier of persons vulnerable to the development of other psychopathologies.
Effectivity of a Program for the Control and Prevention of COVID-19 Healthcare-Associated Infections in a Spanish Academic Hospital
Authors: Gras-Valentí Paula , Mora-Muriel Juan G. , Chico-Sánchez Pablo , Algado-Sellés Natividad , Soler-Molina Victor M. , Hernández-Maldonado María , Lameiras-Azevedo Ana S. , Jiménez Sepúlveda Natali J. , Gómez Sotero Isel L. , Villanueva-Ruiz César O. , Barrenengoa-Sañudo Julio , Fuster-Pérez Marina , Cánovas-Jávega Sandra , Cerezo-Milan Patricia , Monerris-Palmer Miranda , Llorens-Soriano Pere , Merino-Lucas Esperanza , Rodríguez-Diaz Juan C. , Gil-Carbonell Joan , Sánchez-Martínez Rosario , Pastor-Cesteros Rogelio , Mena-Esquivias Luis , Galiana-Ivars Maria , Jaime-Sánchez Francisco A. , Margarit-Ferri Cesar , Gonzalez-deDios Javier , Lloret German , García-Alonso Miguel A. , Sánchez-Vela Pablo , Sánchez-Payá José 
Published: April 2021

Background
Although recommendations to prevent COVID-19 healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have been proposed, data on their effectivity are currently limited.

Objective
The aim was to evaluate the effectivity of a program of control and prevention of COVID-19 in an academic general hospital in Spain.

Methods
We captured the number of COVID-19 cases and the type of contact that occurred in hospitalized patients and healthcare personnel (HCP). To evaluate the impact of the continuous use of a surgical mask among HCP, the number of patients with COVID-19 HAIs and accumulated incidence of HCP with COVID-19 was compared between the preintervention and intervention periods.

Results
Two hundred fifty-two patients with COVID-19 have been admitted to the hospital. Seven of them had an HAI origin (6 in the preintervention period and 1 in the intervention period). One hundred forty-two HCP were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Of them, 22 (15.5%) were attributed to healthcare (2 in the emergency department and none in the critical care departments), and 120 (84.5%) were attributed to social relations in the workplace or during their non–work-related personal interactions. The accumulated incidence during the preintervention period was 22.3 for every 1000 HCP and 8.2 for every 1000 HCP during the intervention period. The relative risk was 0.37 (95% confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.55) and the attributable risk was −0.014 (95% confidence interval, −0.020 to −0.009).

Conclusions
A program of control and prevention of HAIs complemented with the recommendation for the continuous use of a surgical mask in the workplace and social environments of HCP effectively decreased the risk of COVID-19 HAIs in admitted patients and HCP.
Estrogen as a Safe Therapeutic Adjunct in Reducing the Inflammatory Storm in Trauma Hemorrhagic Shock Patients
Authors: Gupta Dablu Lal , Tiwari Shrestha , Sinha Tej Prakash , Soni Kapil Dev , Galwankar Sagar , Kumar Subodh , Rao D.N , Bhoi Sanjeev 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Trauma is a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. It is a leading cause of death with or without sepsis in about 50% of patients. Limited therapeutic options are available besides definitive care with a mortality benefit. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the mortality benefit of estrogen in trauma hemorrhagic shock (THS). Based on encouraging results from preclinical studies, we hypothesized that early administration of estrogen in male THS patients may reduce the inflammatory storm, prevent sepsis-associated problems, and subsequently reduce mortality. The authors studied the safety of early administration of estrogen as a therapeutic adjunct in the emergency department (ED) and its effects on the inflammatory storm, prevention of sepsis, and mortality during the intensive care unit stay. Forty THS patients were recruited. THS patients were divided into experimental and placebo control groups based on the estrogen administration in the ED. Serum levels of cytokines and immune cells were measured at different time points on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 in both groups of THS patients. The experimental group received intravenous estrogen (25 mg) at a single time point in the ED beside standard of care as per advanced trauma life support guidelines. Patients did not develop any major or minor adverse events and showed favorable clinical outcomes in the experimental group. The levels of T regulatory cells, monocytes, and systemic cytokines significantly reduced and showed a balanced inflammatory response in THS patients who received estrogen.
In conclusion, this preliminary study showed that intravenous estrogen therapy is safe and reduced the inflammatory insult due to trauma hemorrhagic shock. It may protect THS patients from sepsis-associated complications. Future clinical trials are required to study the efficacy and mechanistic pathway.
Electroconvulsive Therapy for Patients With Depression Who Lack Capacity for Consent
Authors: Takamiya Akihiro , Bouckaert Filip , Sienaert Pascal , Uchida Takahito , Kudo Shun , Yamagata Bun , Kishimoto Taishiro , Mimura Masaru , Hirano Jinichi 
Published: April 2021

Objective
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is provided in real-world clinical settings for patients lacking capacity for consent. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and clinical effectiveness of ECT in this population.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted to collect data from patients who received ECT to treat their depressive episodes between April 2012 and March 2019. Differences in clinical characteristics and short-/long-term clinical outcomes between patients who received ECT with their relatives' consent and patients who received ECT by their own consent were examined. The short-/long-term clinical outcomes were determined by clinical global impression scores and readmission rate, respectively.

Results
Of 168 patients with depressive episodes, 34 (20.2%) received ECT with their relatives' consent. Those patients were older, had lower body mass index, and had shorter episode duration. They also exhibited more frequent psychotic, melancholic, and catatonic features. The main indication for ECT in this population was the need for rapid recovery. Patients lacking capacity for consent showed similar remission (61.8%) and response (82.4%) rates to those with capacity for consent. Readmission rate was not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions
There were no significant differences in short-/long-term ECT effectiveness between patients with/without capacity for consent. Electroconvulsive therapy is the only established and effective treatment in clinical settings for the most severe cases, wherein patients are incapable of giving consent but need rapid recovery. A general rejection of this practice due to concerns surrounding consent may be unethical under the ethical principles of medical care.
Entropic stochastic resonance induced by a transverse driving force
Authors: Du L. C. , Yue W. H. , Jiang J. H. , Yang L. L. , Ge M. M. 
Published: April 2021

The phenomenon of entropic stochastic resonance (ESR) is investigated with the presence of a time-periodic force in the transverse direction. Simulation results manifest that the ESR can survive even if there is no static bias force in any direction, just if a transverse driving field is applied. In the weak noise region, the transverse driving force leads to a giant-suppression of the escape rate from one well to another, i.e. the entropic trapping. The increase in noise intensity will eliminate this suppression and induce the ESR phenomenon. An alternative quantity, called the mean free flying time, is also proposed to characterize the ESR as well as the conventional spectral power amplification. The ESR can be modulated conveniently by the transverse periodic force, which implies an alternative method for controlling the dynamics of small-scale systems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vibrational and stochastic resonance in driven nonlinear systems (part 2)’.
Characterizing stochastic resonance in a triple cavity
Authors: Mei Ruoxing , Xu Yong , Li Yongge , Kurths Jürgen 
Published: April 2021

Many biological systems possess confined structures, which produce novel influences on the dynamics. Here, stochastic resonance (SR) in a triple cavity that consists of three units and is subjected to noise, periodic force and vertical constance force is studied, by calculating the spectral amplificationηnumerically. Meanwhile, SR in the given triple cavity and differences from other structures are explored. First, it is found that the cavity parameters can eliminate or regulate the maximum ofηand the noise intensity that induces this maximum. Second, compared to a double cavity with similar maximum/minimum widths and distances between two maximum widths as the triple cavity,ηin the triple one shows a larger maximum. Next, the conversion of the natural boundary in the pure potential to the reflection boundary in the triple cavity will create the necessity of a vertical force to induce SR and lead to a decrease in the maximum ofη. In addition,ηmonotonically decreases with the increase of the vertical force and frequency of the periodic force, while it presents several trends when increasing the periodic force’s amplitude for different noise intensities. Finally, our studies are extended to the impact of fractional Gaussian noise excitations.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vibrational and stochastic resonance in driven nonlinear systems (part 2)’.
Stochastic and vibrational resonance in complex networks of neurons
Authors: Calim Ali , Palabas Tugba , Uzuntarla Muhammet 
Published: April 2021

The concept of resonance in nonlinear systems is crucial and traditionally refers to a specific realization of maximum response provoked by a particular external perturbation. Depending on the system and the nature of perturbation, many different resonance types have been identified in various fields of science. A prominent example is in neuroscience where it has been widely accepted that a neural system may exhibit resonances at microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales and benefit from such resonances in various tasks. In this context, the two well-known forms are stochastic and vibrational resonance phenomena which manifest that detection and propagation of a feeble information signal in neural structures can be enhanced by additional perturbations via these two resonance mechanisms. Given the importance of network architecture in proper functioning of the nervous system, we here present a review of recent studies on stochastic and vibrational resonance phenomena in neuronal media, focusing mainly on their emergence in complex networks of neurons as well as in simple network structures that represent local behaviours of neuron communities. From this perspective, we aim to provide a secure guide by including theoretical and experimental approaches that analyse in detail possible reasons and necessary conditions for the appearance of stochastic resonance and vibrational resonance in neural systems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vibrational and stochastic resonance in driven nonlinear systems (part 2)’.
Suppression of galloping oscillations by injecting a high-frequency excitation
Authors: Alhadidi Ali H. , Khazaaleh Shadi , Daqaq Mohammed F. 
Published: April 2021

Galloping is an aeroelastic instability which incites oscillatory motion of elastic structures when subjected to an incident flow. Because galloping is often detrimental to the integrity of the structure, many research studies have focused on investigating methodologies to suppress these oscillations. These include using passive energy sinks, altering the surface characteristics of the structure, actively changing the shape of the boundary layer through momentum injection and using feedback control algorithms. In this paper, we demonstrate that the critical flow speed at which galloping is activated can be substantially increased by subjecting the galloping structure to a high-frequency non-resonant base excitation. The average effect of the high-frequency excitation is to produce additional linear damping in the slow response which serves to suppress the galloping instability. We study this approach theoretically and demonstrate its effectiveness using experimental tests performed on a galloping cantilevered structure. It is demonstrated that the galloping speed can be tripled in some experimental cases.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vibrational and stochastic resonance in driven nonlinear systems (part 2)’.
The response of a bistable energy harvester to different excitations: the harvesting efficiency and links with stochastic and vibrational resonances
Authors: Khovanov I. A. 
Published: April 2021

Energy harvesting of ambient vibrations using a combination of a mechanical structure (oscillator) and an electrical transducer has become a valuable technique for powering small wireless sensors. Bistable mechanical oscillators have recently attracted the attention of researchers as they can be used to harvest energy within a wider band of frequencies. In this study, the response of a bistable harvester to different forms of ambient vibration is analysed. In particular, harmonic noise, which has a narrow spectrum, similarly to harmonic signals, yet is stochastic, like broad-spectrum white noise, is considered. Links between bistable harvester responses and stochastic and vibrational resonance are explored.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vibrational and stochastic resonance in driven nonlinear systems (part 2)’.
Vibrational resonance in a neuron–astrocyte coupled model
Authors: Calim Ali , Longtin Andre , Uzuntarla Muhammet 
Published: April 2021

Recent findings have revealed that not only neurons but also astrocytes, a special type of glial cells, are major players of neuronal information processing. It is now widely accepted that they contribute to the regulation of their microenvironment by cross-talking with neurons via gliotransmitters. In this context, we here study the phenomenon of vibrational resonance in neurons by considering their interaction with astrocytes. Our analysis of a neuron–astrocyte pair reveals that intracellular dynamics of astrocytes can induce a double vibrational resonance effect in the weak signal detection performance of a neuron, exhibiting two distinct wells centred at different high-frequency driving amplitudes. We also identify the underlying mechanism of this behaviour, showing that the interaction of widely separated time scales of neurons, astrocytes and driving signals is the key factor for the emergence and control of double vibrational resonance.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vibrational and stochastic resonance in driven nonlinear systems (part 2)’.
Combinatorial approach with mass spectrometry and lectin microarray dissected glycoproteomic features of virion-derived spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hiono Takahiro , Tomioka Azusa , Kaji Hiroyuki , Sasaki Michihito , Orba Yasuko , Sawa Hirofumi , Kuno Atsushi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has a global impact on public health. Since glycosylation of the viral envelope glycoproteins is known to be deeply associated with their immunogenicity, intensive studies on the glycans of its major glycoprotein, S protein, have been conducted. Nevertheless, the detailed site-specific glycan compositions of virion-associated S protein have not yet been clarified. Here, we conducted intensive glycoproteomic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 S protein using a combinatorial approach with two different technologies: mass spectrometry (MS) and lectin microarray. Using our unique MS1-based glycoproteomic technique, Glyco-RIDGE, in addition to MS2-based Byonic search, we identified 1,759 site-specific glycan compositions. The most frequent was HexNAc:Hex:Fuc:NeuAc:NeuGc = 6:6:1:0:0, suggesting a tri-antennaryN-glycan terminating with LacNAc and having bisecting GlcNAc and a core fucose, which was found in 20 of 22 glycosylated sites. The subsequent lectin microarray analysis emphasized intensive outer arm fucosylation of glycans, which efficiently complemented the glycoproteomic features. The present results illustrate the high-resolution glycoproteomic features of SARS-CoV-2 S protein and significantly contribute to vaccine design, as well as the understanding of viral protein synthesis.
Aging affects KV7 channels and perivascular-adipose tissue-mediated vascular tone
Authors: Wang Yibin , Yildiz Fatima , Struve Andrey , Kassmann Mario , Luft Friedrich C. , Gollasch Maik , Tsvetkov Dmitry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAging is an independent risk factor for hypertension, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality. However, detailed mechanisms linking aging to cardiovascular disease are unclear. We studied the aging effects on the role of perivascular adipose tissue and downstream vasoconstriction targets, voltage-dependent KV7 channels, and their pharmacological modulators (flupirtine, retigabine, QO58, QO58-lysine) in a murine model. We assessed vascular function of young and old mesenteric arteriesin vitrousing wire myography. We also performed bulk RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests in mesenteric arteries and perivascular adipose tissue to elucidate molecular underpinnings of age-related phenotypes. Results revealed impaired perivascular adipose tissue-mediated control of vascular tone particularly via KV7.3-5 channels with increased age through metabolic and inflammatory processes and release of perivascular adipose tissue-derived relaxation factors. Moreover, QO58 was identified as novel pharmacological vasodilator to activate XE991-sensitive KCNQ channels in old mesenteric arteries. Our data suggest that targeting inflammation and metabolism in perivascular adipose tissue could represent novel approaches to restore vascular function during aging. Furthermore, QO58 represents a novel tool for cardiovascular and hypertension research in aging.
A complex feature-based representation of vocalizations emerges in the superficial layers of primary auditory cortex
Authors: Montes-Lourido Pilar , Kar Manaswini , David Stephen V. , Sadagopan Srivatsun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEarly in auditory processing, neural responses faithfully reflect acoustic input. At higher stages of auditory processing, however, neurons become selective for particular call types, eventually leading to specialized regions of cortex that preferentially process calls at the highest auditory processing stages. We previously proposed that an intermediate step in how non-selective responses are transformed into call-selective responses is the detection of informative call features. But how neural selectivity for informative call features emerges from non-selective inputs, whether feature selectivity gradually emerges over the processing hierarchy, and how stimulus information is represented in non-selective and feature-selective populations remain open questions. In this study, using unanesthetized guinea pigs, a highly vocal and social rodent, as an animal model, we characterized the neural representation of calls in three auditory processing stages – the thalamus (vMGB), and thalamorecipient (L4) and superficial layers (L2/3) of primary auditory cortex (A1). We found that neurons in vMGB and A1 L4 did not exhibit call-selective responses and responded throughout the call durations. However, A1 L2/3 neurons showed high call-selectivity with about a third of neurons responding to only one or two call types. These A1 L2/3 neurons only responded to restricted portions of calls suggesting that they were highly selective for call features. Receptive fields of these A1 L2/3 neurons showed complex spectrotemporal structures that could underlie their high call feature selectivity. Information theoretic analysis revealed that in A1 L4 stimulus information was distributed over the population and was spread out over the call durations. In contrast, in A1 L2/3, individual neurons showed brief bursts of high stimulus-specific information, and conveyed high levels of information per spike. These data demonstrate that a transformation in the neural representation of calls occurs between A1 L4 and A1 L2/3, leading to the emergence of a feature-based representation of calls in A1 L2/3. Our data thus suggest that observed cortical specializations for call processing emerge in A1, and set the stage for further mechanistic studies.