bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New two-layer Ruddlesden—Popper cathode materials for protonic ceramics fuel cells
Authors: Ling Yihan , Guo Tianming , Guo Yangyang , Yang Yang , Tian Yunfeng , Wang Xinxin , Ou Xuemei , Feng Peizhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNew two-layer Ruddlesden—Popper (RP) oxide La0.25Sr2.75FeNiO7−δ (LSFN) in the combination of Sr3Fe2O7−δ and La3Ni2O7−δ was successfully synthesized and studied as the potential active single-phase and composite cathode for protonic ceramics fuel cells (PCFCs). LSFN with the tetragonal symmetrical structure (I4/mmm) is confirmed, and the co-existence of Fe3+/Fe4+ and Ni3+/Ni2+ couples is demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis. The LSFN conductivity is apparently enhanced after Ni doping in Fe-site, and nearly three times those of Sr3Fe2O7−δ, which is directly related to the carrier concentration and conductor mechanism. Importantly, anode supported PCFCs using LSFN-BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ (LSFN-BZCY) composite cathode achieved high power density (426 mW·cm−2 at 650 °C) and low electrode interface polarization resistance (0.26 Ω·cm2). Besides, distribution of relaxation time (DRT) function technology was further used to analyse the electrode polarization processes. The observed three peaks (P1, P2, and P3) separated by DRT shifted to the high frequency region with the decreasing temperature, suggesting that the charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces becomes more difficult at reduced temperatures. Preliminary results demonstrate that new two-layer RP phase LSFN can be a promising cathode candidate for PCFCs.
Sustained Antibacterial Effect of Levofloxacin Drug in a Polymer Matrix by Hybridization With A Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Ko Su-Joung , Jung Jin-Song , Gwak Gyeong-Hyeon , Kim Hyoung-Jun , Salles Fabrice , Oh Jae-Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe immobilization of antimicrobial drugs can be used to expand the application of antibacterial properties to consumer products. The purpose of this study was to stabilize an antimicrobial agent, levofloxacin (LVX), for sustained antibacterial activity by immobilizing the drug molecules in a layered double hydroxide (LDH) and embedded in a polyurethane substrate. As-prepared MgAl-LDH was calcined at 400°C and reconstructed with LVX for intercalation. The X-ray diffraction patterns and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images showed lattice expansion along the crystallographic c axis upon LVX intercalation, suggesting successful loading of the drug. Fourier-transform infrared spectra revealed that the structure of LVX was well preserved between LDH layers. Elemental analysis indicated that the loading capacity of LVX in the hybrid was 41.7%. Bacterial-colony forming inhibitory assay on Bacillus subtilis exhibited ~100% antibacterial activity of both LVX alone and LVX-LDH hybrid (LL). To determine sustainability of antibacterial activity by the hybrid, either LVX alone or LL hybrid was loaded in the polyurethane (PU) substrate for which antibacterial activity was evaluated before and after immersion in a phosphate-buffered saline for 3 days. The LVX-composited PU showed a dramatic decrease in antibacterial activity, down to 0% after buffer treatment; LL-composited PU still contained antibacterial activity (~34% of colony suppression) after phosphate-buffered saline immersion.
Pseudofinite Structures and Counting Dimensions
Authors: Zou Tingxiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe thesis pseudofinite structures and counting dimensions is about the model theory of pseudofinite structures with the focus on groups and fields. The aim is to deepen our understanding of how pseudofinite counting dimensions can interact with the algebraic properties of underlying structures and how we could classify certain classes of structures according to their counting dimensions. Our approach is by studying examples. We treat three classes of structures: The first one is the class of H-structures, which are generic expansions of existing structures. We give an explicit construction of pseudofinite H-structures as ultraproducts of finite structures. The second one is the class of finite difference fields. We study properties of coarse pseudofinite dimension in this class, show that it is definable and integer-valued and build a partial connection between this dimension and transformal transcendence degree. The third example is the class of pseudofinite primitive permutation groups. We generalise Hrushovski’s classical classification theorem for stable permutation groups acting on a strongly minimal set to the case where there exists an abstract notion of dimension, which includes both the classical model theoretic ranks and pseudofinite counting dimensions. In this thesis, we also generalise Schlichting’s theorem for groups to the case of approximate subgroups with a notion of commensurability.Abstract prepared by Tingxiang Zou.E-mail: tzou@uni-muenster.deURL: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02283810/document
Model Theory in a Paraconsistent Environment
Authors: Coscarelli Bruno Costa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this thesis is to develop a paraconsistent Model Theory. The basis for such a theory was launched by Walter Carnielli, Marcelo Esteban Coniglio, Rodrigo Podiack, and Tarcísio Rodrigues in the article ‘On the Way to a Wider Model Theory: Completeness Theorems for First-Order Logics of Formal Inconsistency’ [The Review of Symbolic Logic, vol. 7 (2014)].Naturally, a complete theory cannot be fully developed in a single work. Indeed, the goal of this work is to show that a paraconsistent Model Theory is a sound and worthy possibility. The pursuit of this goal is divided in three tasks: The first one is to give the theory a philosophical meaning. The second one is to transpose as many results from the classical theory to the new one as possible. The third one is to show an application of the theory to practical science.The response to the first task is a Paraconsistent Reasoning System. The start point is that paraconsistency is an epistemological concept. The pursuit of a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of paraconsistency from this point of view leads to a reasoning system based on the Logics of Formal Inconsistency. Models are regarded as states of knowledge and the concept of isomorphism is reformulated so as to give raise to a new concept that preserves a portion of the whole knowledge of each state. Based on this, a notion of refinement is created which may occur from inside or from outside the state.In order to respond to the second task, two important classical results, namely the Omitting Types Theorem and Craig’s Interpolation Theorem are shown to hold in the new system and it is also shown that, if classical results in general are to hold in a paraconsistent system, then such a system should be in essence how it was developed here.Finally, the response to the third task is a proposal of what a Paraconsistent Logic Programming may be. For that, the basis for a paraconsistent PROLOG is settled in the light of the ideas developed so far.Abstract prepared by Bruno Costa Coscarelli.E-mail: brunocostacoscarelli@gmail.comURL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/331697
14C DATING OF THE ERLITOU SITE
Authors: Zhang Xuelian , Qiu Shihua , Cai Lianzhen , Xu Hong , Zhao Haitao , Chen Guoliang 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThis article outlines the research progress on radiocarbon (14C) dating of the Erlitou site. The Erlitou site, belonging to the Bronze Age, located in Yanshi, Henan province, China, was discovered by archaeologists in 1959 when they investigated the Xia people’s remains in the area where the Xia people lived according to the records of ancient documents. Since then, there has been a standing debate about whether the site belongs to the Xia or Shang dynasty. By the mid-1990s, several hundred discussion articles on the issue had been published, but the question was still unresolved. Therefore, evidence from the chronology has attracted a great amount of attention. The dating of the Erlitou site began in the 1970s, and since the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project began in the mid-1990s, by application of wiggle-matching on the basis of improving the dating accuracy, the date of the Erlitou site has gradually become clear, which provides a basis for the archaeological research on the Xia and Shang dynasties.
Cervical lymphadenopathy following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine: clinical characteristics and implications for head and neck cancer services
Authors: Abou-Foul A K , Ross E , Abou-Foul M , George A P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivePatients with coronavirus disease vaccine associated lymphadenopathy are increasingly being referred to healthcare services. This work is the first to report on the incidence, clinical course and imaging features of coronavirus disease vaccine associated cervical lymphadenopathy, with special emphasis on the implications for head and neck cancer services.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all patients referred to our head and neck cancer clinics between 16 December 2020 and 12 March 2021. The main outcomes measured were the proportion of patients with vaccine-associated cervical lymphadenopathy, and the clinical and imaging characteristics.ResultsThe incidence of vaccine-associated cervical lymphadenopathy referrals was 14.8 per cent (n = 13). Five patients (38.5 per cent) had abnormal-looking enlarged and rounded nodes with increased vascularity. Only seven patients (53.9 per cent) reported full resolution within an average of 3.1 ± 2.3 weeks.ConclusionCoronavirus disease vaccine associated cervical lymphadenopathy can mimic malignant lymphadenopathy and therefore might prove challenging to diagnose and manage correctly. Healthcare services may encounter a significant increase in referrals.
Comparative Research on Noise Reduction of Transient Electromagnetic Signals Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and Variational Mode Decomposition
Authors: Wei Huiru , Qi Tingye , Feng Guorui , Jiang Haina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransient electromagnetic (TEM) detection has been widely used in the fields of mineral resources exploration, hydrogeological survey and engineering survey, but electromagnetic interference can lead to late signal distortion, so it has become an urgent problem to suppress the electromagnetic noise of TEM signal and improve the interpretation accuracy of TEM signal. For the first time, this paper introduces the approach of variational mode decomposition (VMD) into the field of TEM signal‐noise reduction. The half homogeneous space model and the three‐layer earth model were constructed to compare the noise reduction effect of the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) approach and the VMD approach on the three main noises (random noise, power frequency noise, and sferics noise) in the TEM signal. The results are compared with the wavelet threshold denoising approach to verify the superiority of the VMD approach relative to the EMD approach. The results show that the VMD approach is better than the decomposition result of the EMD approach in the signal‐noise separation of TEM signals. In addition, the VMD approach is applied to the measured TEM data in a region in southern Shanxi Province, which effectively improves the quality of TEM signals. This indicates that the VMD approach is expected to be used for signal interference suppression in the field of TEM detection in the future.
Time‐Fractional Flow Equations (t‐FFEs) to Upscale Transient Groundwater Flow Characterized by Temporally Non‐Darcian Flow Due to Medium Heterogeneity
Authors: Xia Yuan , Zhang Yong , Green Christopher T. , Fogg Graham E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUpscaling groundwater flow is a fundamental challenge in hydrogeology. This study proposed time‐fractional flow equations (t‐FFEs) for upscaling long‐term, transient groundwater flow and propagation of pressure heads in heterogeneous media. Monte Carlo simulations showed that, with increasing variance and correlation of the hydraulic conductivity (K), flow dynamics gradually deviated from Darcian flow and exhibit sub‐diffusive, time‐dependent evolution which can be separated into three major stages. At the early stage, the interconnected high‐K zones dominated flow, while at intermediate times, the transverse flow due to mixed high‐ and low‐K zones caused delayed rise of the piezometric head. At late times when flow in the relatively high‐K domains reached stability, cells with very low‐K continued to block the entry of water and generate “islands” with low piezometric head, significantly extending the temporal evolution of the piezometric head. The elongated water breakthrough curve cannot be quantified by the flow equation with an effective K, the space‐fractional flow equation, or the multi‐rate mass transfer (MRMT) flow model with a few rates, motivating the development of t‐FFEs assuming temporally non‐Darcian flow. Model applications showed that both the early and intermediate stages of flow dynamics can be captured by a single‐index t‐FFE (whose index is the exponent of the power‐law probability density function of the random operational time for water parcels), but the overall evolution of flow dynamics, especially the enhanced retention of flow at later times, required a distributed‐order t‐FFE with variable indexes for different flow phases that can dominate flow dynamics at different stages. Therefore, transient groundwater flow in aquifers with spatially stationary heterogeneity can be temporally non‐Darcian and non‐stationary, due to the time‐sensitive, combined effects of interconnected high‐K channels and isolated low‐K deposits on flow dynamics (which is the hydrogeological mechanism for the temporally non‐Darcian flow and sub‐diffusive pressure propagation), whose long‐term behavior can be quantified by multi‐index stochastic models.
Contrasting Estuarine Processing of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived From Natural and Human‐Impacted Landscapes
Authors: García‐Martín E. Elena , Sanders Richard , Evans Chris D. , Kitidis Vassilis , Lapworth Dan J. , Rees Andrew P. , Spears Bryan M. , Tye Andy , Williamson Jennifer L. , Balfour Chris , Best Mike , Bowes Michael , Breimann Sarah , Brown Ian J. , Burden Annette , Callaghan Nathan , Felgate Stacey L. , Fishwick James , Fraser Mike , Gibb Stuart W. , Gilbert Pete J. , Godsell Nina , Gomez‐Castillo Africa P. , Hargreaves Geoff , Jones Oban , Kennedy Paul , Lichtschlag Anna , Martin Adrian , May Rebecca , Mawji Edward , Mounteney Ian , Nightingale Philip D. , Olszewska Justyna P. , Painter Stuart C. , Pearce Christopher R. , Pereira M. Glória , Peel Kate , Pickard Amy , Stephens John A. , Stinchcombe Mark , Williams Peter , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Yarrow Deborah , Mayor Daniel J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe flux of terrigenous organic carbon through estuaries is an important and changing, yet poorly understood, component of the global carbon cycle. Using dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and fluorescence data from 13 British estuaries draining catchments with highly variable land uses, we show that land use strongly influences the fate of DOC across the land ocean transition via its influence on the composition and lability of the constituent dissolved organic matter (DOM). In estuaries draining peatland‐dominated catchments, DOC was highly correlated with biologically refractory “humic‐like” terrigenous material which tended to be conservatively transported along the salinity gradient. In contrast, there was a weaker correlation between DOC and DOM components within estuaries draining catchments with a high degree of human impact, that is, relatively larger percentage of arable and (sub)urban land uses. These arable and (sub)urban estuaries contain a high fraction of bioavailable “protein‐like” material that behaved nonconservatively, with both DOC removals and additions occurring. In general, estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage of peatland (≥18%) have higher area‐specific estuarine exports of DOC (>13 g C m−2 yr−1) compared to those estuaries draining catchments with a high percentage (≥46%) of arable and (sub)urban land uses (<2.1 g C m−2 yr−1). Our data indicate that these arable and (sub)urban estuaries tend to export, on average, ∼50% more DOC to coastal areas than they receive from rivers due to net anthropogenic derived organic matter inputs within the estuary.
Continuous Recording of Viscoelastic Relaxation Processes at a Constant Ultrasonic Frequency Due To Wave‐Induced Fluid Flow in a Microporous Carbonate Rock
Authors: Geremia Davide , David Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a set of water injection, imbibition and drying tests on the Obourg Chalk, relaxation processes induced by variations in water saturation were continuously recorded at a constant ultrasonic frequency, with a peak in attenuation concomitant to a velocity increase from a lower to an upper bound. This behavior is well described by standard viscoelastic models, considering a continuously changing relaxation frequency which at water saturation above 80% matches the frequency of our ultrasonic pulse generator. Using a patchy saturation model, we show that the heterogeneity in fluid distribution is responsible for this relaxation phenomenon which could be observed at the ultrasonic frequency, thanks to the very fine scale of the rock microstructure combining low permeability and high porosity. We believe that our detailed data set can feed new models or help improve existing ones for a better understanding of wave‐induced fluid flow processes in reservoir rocks.
Non‐Maxwellianity of Electron Distributions Near Earth's Magnetopause
Authors: Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu V. , André M. , Vaivads A. , Chasapis A. , Matthaeus W. H. , Retinò A. , Valentini F. , Gershman D. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlasmas in Earth's outer magnetosphere, magnetosheath, and solar wind are essentially collisionless. This means particle distributions are not typically in thermodynamic equilibrium and deviate significantly from Maxwellian distributions. The deviations of these distributions can be further enhanced by plasma processes, such as shocks, turbulence, and magnetic reconnection. Such distributions can be unstable to a wide variety of kinetic plasma instabilities, which in turn modify the electron distributions. In this paper, the deviation of the observed electron distributions from a bi‐Maxwellian distribution function is calculated and quantified using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. A statistical study from tens of millions of electron distributions shows that the primary source of the observed non‐Maxwellianity is electron distributions consisting of distinct hot and cold components in Earth's low‐density magnetosphere. This results in large non‐Maxwellianities at low densities. However, after performing a statistical study we find regions where large non‐Maxwellianities are observed for a given density. Highly non‐Maxwellian distributions are routinely found at Earth's bowshock, in Earth's outer magnetosphere and in the electron diffusion regions of magnetic reconnection. Enhanced non‐Maxwellianities are observed in the turbulent magnetosheath, but are intermittent and are typically not correlated with local processes. The causes of enhanced non‐Maxwellianities are investigated.
Early Habitability and Crustal Decarbonation of a Stagnant‐Lid Venus
Authors: Höning Dennis , Baumeister Philipp , Grenfell John Lee , Tosi Nicola , Way Michael J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the early evolution of Venus and a potential habitable period during the first 1 billion years. In particular, it remains unclear whether or not plate tectonics and an active carbonate‐silicate cycle were present. In the presence of liquid water but without plate tectonics, weathering would have been limited to freshly produced basaltic crust, with an early carbon cycle restricted to the crust and atmosphere. With the evaporation of surface water, weathering would cease. With ongoing volcanism, carbonate sediments would be buried and sink downwards. Thereby, carbonates would heat up until they become unstable and the crust would become depleted in carbonates. With supply to the atmosphere the surface temperature rises further, the depth below which decarbonation occurs decreases, causing the release of even more . We assess the habitable period of an early stagnant‐lid Venus by employing a coupled interior‐atmosphere evolution model accounting for degassing, weathering, carbonate burial, and crustal decarbonation. We find that if initial surface conditions allow for liquid water, weathering can keep the planet habitable for up to 900 Myr, followed by evaporation of water and rapid crustal carbonate depletion. For the atmospheric of stagnant‐lid exoplanets, we predict a bimodal distribution, depending on whether or not these planets experienced a runaway greenhouse in their history. Planets with high atmospheric could be associated with crustal carbonate depletion as a consequence of a runaway greenhouse, whereas planets with low atmospheric would indicate active silicate weathering and thereby a habitable climate.
Post-transcriptional screen of cancer amplified genes identifies ERBB2/Her2 signaling as AU-rich mRNA stability-promoting pathway
Authors: Al-Matouq Jenan , Al-Haj Latifa , Al-Saif Maher , Khabar Khalid S. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmplification of specific cancer genes leads to their over-expression contributing to tumor growth, spread, and drug resistance. Little is known about the ability of these amplified oncogenes to augment the expression of cancer genes through post-transcriptional control. The AU-rich elements (ARE)-mediated mRNA decay is compromised for many key cancer genes leading to their increased abundance and effects. Here, we performed a post-transcriptional screen for frequently amplified cancer genes demonstrating that ERBB2/Her2 overexpression was able to augment the post-transcriptional effects. The ERBB1/2 inhibitor, lapatinib, led to the reversal of the aberrant ARE-mediated process in ERBB2-amplified breast cancer cells. The intersection of overexpressed genes associated with ERBB2 amplification in TCGA datasets with ARE database (ARED) identified ERBB2-associated gene cluster. Many of these genes were over-expressed in the ERBB2-positive SKBR3 cells compared to MCF10A normal-like cells, and were under-expressed due to ERBB2 siRNA treatment. Lapatinib accelerated the ARE-mRNA decay for several ERBB2-regulated genes. The ERBB2 inhibitor decreased both the abundance and stability of the phosphorylated inactive form of the mRNA decay-promoting protein, tristetraprolin (ZFP36/TTP). The ERBB2 siRNA was also able to reduce the phosphorylated ZFP36/TTP form. In contrast, ectopic expression of ERBB2 in MCF10A or HEK293 cells led to increased abundance of the phosphorylated ZFP36/TTP. The effect of ERBB2 on TTP phosphorylation appeared to be mediated via the MAPK-MK2 pathway. Screening for the impact of other amplified cancer genes in HEK293 cells also demonstrated that EGFR, AKT2, CCND1, CCNE1, SKP2, and FGFR3 caused both increased abundance of phosphorylated ZFP36/TTP and ARE-post-transcriptional reporter activity. Thus, specific amplified oncogenes dysregulate post-transcriptional ARE-mediated effects, and targeting the ARE-mediated pathway itself may provide alternative therapeutic approaches.