bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A software package for monitoring and managing occupational health risks for industrial workers
Authors: Izdenov AK , Zharylkassyn ZhZh , Otarov YZh , Alexeyev AV , Tilemissov MK , Izdenova NR 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

At the present stage of development of any state, an important aspect of occupational health and public health is undoubtedly the protection of workers' health. In view of this, we have developed an automated system and algorithm for the approach to assessing professional risks. It is proposed to implement a campaign to manage occupational health risks for workers through the automated system “Software complex for monitoring and managing occupational health risks for workers at an industrial enterprise” developed in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This complex performs the necessary actions to create the foundations for making management decisions, it consists of the following components, which were analyzed and used at the industrial enterprise Joint Stock Company ‘Kostanay Minerals' in the Republic of Kazakhstan: 1) analysis of current information based on the definition and systematization of the information bases of the enterprise. Such databases include data on employees, working conditions, cases of injuries, morbidity, medical examinations, occupational morbidity and personal protective equipment;
2) the analytical component, carried out on the basis of statistical data, mathematical methods of information processing, conducts an analysis of professional risk both for each worker and for each enterprise.
The analysis of the data is presented by the system in the form of reports received by the interested person of the enterprise by specifying a sample of data in any form, with the specification of the conditions for sampling from the stored data in the database of the automated system. The developed and implemented approach to occupational risk management is aimed at the practical implementation of a comprehensive risk assessment at workplaces, allowing not only to identify risks, but also to manage them during the work shift, throughout the entire work experience, which is the basis for ensuring the safety and health of industrial workers.

Key messages
The introduction of new technologies in industry will lead to a sharp decrease in the intensity of production factors and occupational pathology and to conduct a correct assessment of health risks. Professional risk monitoring consists in informing employees, employers, the public, administrative authorities about the risk factors at work and the necessary and applied measures to reduce it.
Evaluation of Mixed reality in undergraduate nursing education. A systematic review
Authors: Aguinaga-Ontoso I , Guillen-Aguinaga L , Guillen-Aguinaga S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Mixed Reality is becoming more widespread in the training of nursing students because it allows students to face situations that are difficult to manage or that rarely occur in their practice, but for which they must be prepared. Our objective is to evaluate whether mixed reality improves nursing students' learning outcomes and satisfaction compared to simulation.

Material and methods
This systematic review was performed according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) The generic keywords used were “(nurses OR nurse OR nursing) AND mixed reality AND simulation”. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed and CINAHL databases between 2011 and 2021. After the review, 4 references were selected. Based on the study title and abstract, two independent authors selected potential. Whenever a study meets the inclusion criteria, the authors access the full text. To assess potential bias, all studies included in the review were evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale

Results
The search produced 54 papers but after reviewing only 4 were selected. Two studies were pretest post-test with a control group, while the other 2 were post-test only with no control group. Mixed reality was used in several settings (Maternal Health, Mental Health, CPR, and hospital ward) to increase the realism of simulations, increase confidence, reduce anxiety and stress of students in clinical situations. The results of the studies are contradictory, with poor quality studies showing positive effects, while studies with better quality and design showed poorer results.

Conclusions
Mixed reality is a very recent technique in nursing education. It is necessary to carry out well-designed studies of adequate size to evaluate in which contexts it is effective.

Key messages
Mixed reality is an emerging technology in education, but very few evaluations have been conducted. It is necessary to carry out well-designed studies to evaluateif Mixed reality it is effective in nursing education.
Training of employers and employees in workplace health promotion in Bulgaria – 7-year experience
Authors: Georgieva S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Issue
Health of working population is a question of present interest because of a number of reasons: aging workforce, globalization of the labour market, new and increasing risks at working environment etc. Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) become increasingly relevant field of action for public health improvement all over the world. According to the Bulgarian legislation annual trainings on health and safety at work are obligatory for employers and employees.

Description
By this paper 7-year experience in training of employers and employees in WHP was shared. Generally, 9 employers/organizations and 120 employees in three focus groups were included in the training. Questions of the project are: a) how to enhance employers' capability to plan and put into practice health promotion programs; b) how to increase employees' interest for active participation in these programs. Training have been conducted both at workplace and at special meetings outside of work environment, organized by Occupational Health Service in collaboration with health promotion experts of Medical University - Pleven.

Results
At the beginning (2014), about 2/3 of participants distrust of the proposed approaches. To adapt the training to needs of the audience, a study on the barriers and difficulties in carrying out health promotion activities at workplace was made. Participants were also asked about aspects of WHP that they interested in. During the following meetings (every year from 2014 until now), interest to the WHP and approaches of its implementation have been increasing. Participants improved their activity in discussions, interactive approaches for teaching and training get preferable.

Lessons
Lack of knowledge about health promotion concept and its principles predispose to distrust of its potential for public health improvement. Positive attitude to the concept could be established by increasing knowledge and skills in this area and by providing examples of good practices and results.

Key messages
Workplace Health Promotion become increasingly relevant field of action because of aging workforce and new occupational hazards, but there are some barriers and difficulties in its implementation. Annual training of employers and employees in Workplace health promotion improve the capability for implementation of the concept and for utilization its potential for better health of working people.
Wind of change: better air for microbial environmental control
Authors: Messina G , Taddeini F , Amodeo D , Petri C , De Palma I , Puccio A , Cevenini G 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID19 outbreak highlighted air disinfection's importance. All bacteria and viruses tested to date (including various coronaviruses) respond to UV-C disinfection. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an UVC disinfection system for air in a real working context.

Methods
This descriptive study was carried out in November 2020 in an office of the Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine at the University of Siena. The disinfecting air system, Cleaning Air T12, produced by Italia Iso Group, has 12 lamps of 6.9 Watt of UVC/each, two inlet grills in its bottom and 2 outlet grills in the superior part. The volume of air that the system treat is of 210m3/h. The experiments were run over several days during the activities of 3-5 subjects working for several hours. Real time microbial air samplings were run during the tests switching the system ON and OFF. To verify microbial time variation, initial samplings (phase 1) had the system OFF, then ON (phase 2) and finally OFF again (phase 3). Petri dishes were incubated at 36 and 22 C°. Statistical analysis was executed with Stata 16. Significance level was set at p &lt; 0.05.

Results
The longest test highlighted that during phase 2, after 8 minutes from the end of phase 1, the system acted significantly (p = 0.001) on the reduction of environmental contamination up to a mean of 70 (95% C.I. 64 - 77) CFU/500 liters (about 70% at 22 °C) and 50% at 36 °C. In phase 3 the mean values became 171 (144 - 198) CFU/500 liters at 22C° and 259 (228-291) at 36 °C.

Conclusions
The system was able to significantly reduce the environmental contamination in real time. The experimental tests show how, as soon as the device is turned OFF after at least half an hour of operation, air healthiness drops dramatically within 10 minutes, bringing the levels of microbial contamination (induced by the presence of the operators in the room) to levels even higher than 150%.

Key messages
In order to convey a correct and truthful message about the disinfection capabilities of an air purification system, testing the device under real operating would be necessary. Testing the device under real operating conditions, with and without the presence of people in controlled environments, would be necessary before the final product is placed on the market.
Genetic testing in the context of familial hypercholesterolaemia: organisational and ethical aspects
Authors: Strohmaier C , Walter M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Molecular genetic diagnostics (GDx) is an increasingly used tool in the so-called ‘precision medicine'. For a structured implementation of GDx in screening programmes (SP), organisational and ethical implications must be considered. Our research report addresses implementation aspects of GDx in different health care systems and ethical considerations in the context of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH)-a malfunction of the lipid metabolism.

Methods
The overview of (inter-)national FH test strategies, characteristics, and ethical aspects of (predictive) GDx is based on an iterative manual literature search in the G-I-N Library and the Trip-Database, followed by a search on health specific web pages. A revision of the Socratic approach by Hofmann et al. assists in analysing ethical aspects.

Results
We selected nine countries for a detailed comparison. Important components in FH treatment are the detection method, clinical criteria indicating a diagnosis, diagnostic tools, implementation, recommendations concerning cascade screening, genetic counselling, registries, and awareness programmes. Detection and diagnosis of index patients comprise of opportunistic approaches or organised systematic screenings in non-specialized or specialized settings. The use of GDx is most often recommended after a clinical diagnosis. In the course of cascade screening of at-risk family members, GDx is partly recommended in existing strategies. Ethical issues especially concern autonomy, informed consent and privacy (addressed during the process of genetic counselling). As a diagnosis by GDx impacts at risk family members, increased risk for intra-familial conflicts arise, e.g. disclosure of test results.

Conclusions
Implementing GDx results in a number of organisational and ethical challenges. Especially, investing in professional and well-trained genetic counsellors seems to be paramount, as the numerous ethical questions require sensitive communication.

Key messages
Our report provides a basis for decision makers to resolve implementation issues of molecular genetic diagnostics in the context of familial hypercholesterolaemia beyond (cost-) effectiveness/safety. In our report we discuss important ethical aspects of molecular genetic diagnostics in the context of familial hypercholesterolaemia that need to be considered by healthcare decision makers.
Geospatial analysis of access to healthcare: child development needs and available care
Authors: Grueebler E , Gruebner O , von Rhein M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Developmental delay (DD) is one of the most frequent disorders in early childhood affecting 10-15% of all preschool children. Early identification of children with DD is critical to ensure appropriate therapeutic interventions, to support the families, and finally to prevent chronic, life-long health, educational, and social consequences. It is widely acknowledged that early intervention (EI) programs are both ethically mandatory and cost-effective for a society on a long-term perspective. However, data shows that many cases are missed in early childhood. Although research has identified potential risk factors for under-utilization of EI, the spatial distribution of children in need, referring doctors, and therapeutic places have been neglected in many research studies so far. Consequently, we do not know much about the spatial variation in EI, and knowledge on potential influencing factors for spatial variation in referral and utilization is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to quantify accessibility of care in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. To do so, a comprehensive data set from all children (age 0-4) admitted to the two Units of Special Needs Education (USNE) in the Canton of Zurich in 2017 (n = 1971) was used and analyzed with the Floating Catchment Area (FCA) set of methods. Our results show major differences between rural and urban regions and better accessibility closer to greater therapy institutions. Our findings highlight spatial inequalities between healthcare needs and services. Our research contributes to a better understanding of spatial access to healthcare and informs healthcare policy to help increase accessibility to EI for children with DD.

Key messages
The Canton of Zurich shows regional inequalities between EI needs and services. Spatial analyses are a valuable tool to find areas of high and low accessibility and understand spatial access to healthcare.
Measurements of public trust in the health system: mapping the evidence
Authors: Schloemer T , Schröder-Bäck P , Cawthra J , Holland S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Public trust in the health system is essential to control the Covid-19 pandemic. It can influence the extent to which interventions to combat a pandemic are accepted by citizens. The objective of this review was to map the evidence of measurements of the concept of public trust in the health system with a focus on health system institutions.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search in the databases Web of Science and Embase in March 2020. Quantitative studies measuring trust on a system level with regard to healthcare were eligible if they addressed the general public and were published in English or German. We excluded studies that measured trust on an interpersonal level, in a single health profession, or a single treatment. We extracted data to map the characteristics of measurements.

Results
Of initially 7137 identified articles, 87 studies were included in the mapping. In 58 (67%) of the studies, trust was the outcome variable. Most studies (69%) measured the level of trust with single items, 27 studies (31%) used scales or indices to measure the concept of trust. Of these, 12 studies measured healthcare system trust, 7 trust in government and political institutions, 4 trust in healthcare organisations, 3 trust in health insurances, and 1 trust in health data management institutions. Most common domains of trust in the healthcare system refer to policies, quality of services, communication and provision of information, relationships with providers and their expertise, and quality of cooperation between providers. Theoretical dimensions of the concept of trust include fidelity, competency, trustworthiness, integrity and global trust.

Conclusions
Few quantitative studies examine dimensions of public trust on a health system level. Future country-specific research on the concept of public trust may support the understanding of context-specific determinants for the tailoring of interventions to promote trust in health systems.

Key messages
Public trust is an important aspect for controlling a pandemic, as it is a precondition for accepting interventions, such as vaccination programmes. Country-specific research may promote the understanding of public trust and the tailoring of interventions to increase health system trust.
Measuring health system resilience: do current global standardised surveys meet our needs?
Authors: Vikna K , Ridde V , Clech L , Franceschin L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The study of health system resilience is relatively novel, but paramount in health systems research. It is intended to portray the ability of a health system to withstand, adapt and cope with catastrophic events or ‘shocks' that affect its capacity in delivering safe, high quality health services to its population. These ‘shocks' which cause a sudden and extreme change can pose an acute or chronic impact on certain health system functions at various degrees, or on the entire system as a whole. Given the lack of clarity on quantitative measurement of health system resilience, we aimed to identify existing global standardised surveys that could be utilised for this purpose using a healthcare access perspective.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted using web-based searches to identify global standardised surveys that measured healthcare access in peer-reviewed and “grey” literature. Identified surveys were applied to the Levesque Framework on Healthcare Access 2013, upon which indicators applicable to each of the dimensions within the framework were determined.

Preliminary Results
Of the 5 global surveys identified, all fail to address all 10 dimensions of the framework and all key components within each dimension. Currently, available global standardised surveys fall short in providing a complete picture of health system resilience, leaving crucial gaps in measurement. This is further complicated by the complex nature of incorporating a specific ‘shock' in the analysis whilst accounting for other co-factors that may exist.

Conclusions
Whilst the concept of national health system resilience is becoming increasingly explored today, much work remains on identifying approaches to empirically measure it, and in understanding whether it is indeed possible for a single framework and/or global standardised survey to be applied regardless of the type of ‘shock' experienced by the system.

Key messages
Currently available global standardized surveys do not fully meet our needs to measure health system resilience at a national and regional scale. Effective measurement of health system resilience will enable strategic strengthening of essential health system functions to minimise temporal perturbations and avoid the collapse of a health system.
Role of community pharmacists in pharmacovigilance: pharmacists’ and patients’ perceptions
Authors: Kazaryan I , Sevikyan A , Vardanyan L , Amirkhanyan A , Melikyan M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Pharmacists are involved in pharmacovigilance in many countries, their role varies. Some studies show that they are not active enough in reporting adverse drug reactions (ADR). Pharmacists' and patients' awareness about engagement of pharmacists in reporting ADR and other medicines use problems, as well as in counseling on medication safety is essential for improving patient safety. The objective of this work was to study attitude of pharmacy professionals and patients to role of community pharmacy staff in providing patient medication safety in Armenia.

Methods
297 pharmacists and technicians, as well as 2066 patients were interviewed in Yerevan (capital of Armenia) according to designed and pretested questionnaire.

Results
201 (68.0%) pharmacists and technicians consider that community pharmacists in Armenia are engaged in ADR reporting and 198 (66.6%) professionals indicated that they wish to be involved in this activity. 215 (72.4%) professionals supposed that community pharmacists are engaged in providing advices related to medicines safety and indicated that they are interested to be involved. Slightly more than a half of patients reported that they wish that community pharmacy staff would be involved in ADR reporting and would provide advices related to medicines safety: 1171 (56.7%) and 1115 (54.0%), correspondingly. The number of participated patients who think that pharmacists are already engaged in these activities was much less: 726 (35.1%) and 876 (42.4%), correspondingly (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Most of pharmacy professionals and patients are interested that community pharmacy staff would be involved in ADR reporting and advising on medicines safety. Some pharmacy professionals and most of patients are not aware about this role of pharmacy staff. Special strategies for educating pharmacists and patients should be developed. Lecture on Pharmacovigilance was included in continuing education course curricula for pharmacy professionals.

Key messages
Pharmacy professionals and patients are interested in engaging pharmacists in activity in the area of pharmacovigilance. It is important to improve education of pharmacists and increase awareness of patients about role of pharmacists in this area.