bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How robustness can change the desirability of speed limit policy
Authors: Hasui Kohei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates a robust monetary policy under speed limit policy when a central bank fears model misspecification. We reveal several points. First, the persistence of the output gap becomes small with the robust speed limit policy. The low persistence of the output gap contributes to mitigating the variance of the output gap. Second, for a robust policy, social losses are lower under the speed limit policy than under precommitment. Our results suggest that adding the growth of the output gap to the central bank’s objectives is effective when the worst‐case scenario is realized.
Rental prices in Germany: A comparison between migrants and natives
Authors: Eilers Lea , Paloyo Alfredo R. , Vance Colin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the question of whether migrants pay a rent premium for apartments of comparable quality and neighborhood characteristics. We use a two‐step selection‐correction model augmented by a control function to account for nonrandom neighborhood choice. The estimation sample is a uniquely assembled panel comprising the Socio‐Economic Panel (SOEP), information on household and apartment characteristics, as well as georeferenced data describing neighborhood quality. Our estimates reveal that people with migration backgrounds are not penalized in the German local rental market in terms of higher rental payments.
Conflating linear features using turning function distance: A new orientation‐sensitive similarity measure
Authors: Lei Ting L. , Wang Rongrong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeasuring the similarity between counterpart geospatial features is crucial in the effective conflation of spatial datasets from difference sources. This article proposes a new similarity metric called the “map turning function distance” (MTFD) for matching linear features such as roads based on the well‐known turning function (TF) distance in computer vision. The MTFD overcomes the limitations of the traditional TF distance, such as the inability to handle partial matches and insensitivity to differences in scale and rotation. In particular, the MTFD allows one to: (a) partially match a linear feature to a portion of a larger feature from a certain position of match; and (b) consider both the shape and orientation differences of polylines based on comparing their turning angles. In finding the best match position, we prove that the optimal position can be found among a finite set of positions on the target feature. We then combine the MTFD with widely used point‐offset distances such as the Hausdorff distance to form a composite similarity metric. Our experiments with real road datasets demonstrate that the new metric has greater discriminative power than traditional point‐offset‐based similarity measures, and significantly improves the precision of two tested conflation models.
Enzymatic basis for stepwise C‐glycosylation in the formation of flavonoid di‐C‐glycosides in sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Authors: Feng Cheng‐Yong , Li Shan‐Shan , Taguchi Goro , Wu Qian , Yin Dan‐Dan , Gu Zhao‐Yu , Wu Jie , Xu Wen‐Zhong , Liu Cheng , Wang Liang‐Sheng 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYLotus plumule, the embryo of the seed of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), contains a high accumulation of secondary metabolites including flavonoids and possesses important pharmaceutical value. Flavonoid C‐glycosides, which accumulate exclusively in lotus plumule, have attracted considerable attention in recent decades due to their unique chemical structure and special bioactivities. As well as mono‐C‐glycosides, lotus plumule also accumulates various kinds of di‐C‐glycosides by mechanisms which are as yet unclear. In this study we identified two C‐glycosyltransferase (CGT) genes by mining sacred lotus genome data and provide in vitro and in planta evidence that these two enzymes (NnCGT1 and NnCGT2, also designated as UGT708N1 and UGT708N2, respectively) exhibit CGT activity. Recombinant UGT708N1 and UGT708N2 can C‐glycosylate 2‐hydroxyflavanones and 2‐hydroxynaringenin C‐glucoside, forming flavone mono‐C‐glycosides and di‐C‐glycosides, respectively, after dehydration. In addition, the above reactions were successfully catalysed by cell‐free extracts from tobacco leaves transiently expressing NnCGT1 or NnCGT2. Finally, enzyme assays using cell‐free extracts of lotus plumule suggested that flavone di‐C‐glycosides (vicenin‐1, vicenin‐3, schaftoside and isoschaftoside) are biosynthesized through sequentially C‐glucosylating and C‐arabinosylating/C‐xylosylating 2‐hydroxynaringenin. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the biosynthesis of flavonoid di‐C‐glycosides by proposing a new biosynthetic pathway for flavone C‐glycosides in N. nucifera and identifying a novel uridine diphosphate‐glycosyltransferase (UGT708N2) that specifically catalyses the second glycsosylation, C‐arabinosylating and C‐xylosylating 2‐hydroxynaringenin C‐glucoside.
Comparison of pathologist review protocols for cytologic detection of prostatic and urothelial carcinomas in canines: A bi‐institutional retrospective study of 298 cases
Authors: McAloney Camille A. , Evans Samantha J. M. , Hokamp Jessica A. , Wellman Maxey L. , White Mary E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUrothelial carcinoma, also known as transitional cell carcinoma, is the most common primary bladder tumour in dogs, and can also involve the prostate gland. Cytology is a common diagnostic tool utilized for dogs with bladder or prostate gland lesions. The objectives of this retrospective study were to compare the sensitivity and specificity of cytologic evaluation for urothelial or prostatic carcinoma between two institutions with different cytology review protocols as well as determine if certain collection methods resulted in higher cytologic accuracy. A total of 298 cases met inclusion criteria. The overall sensitivity and specificity for institution 1 were 91.8% and 50%, respectively, compared to 31.1% and 97.4%, respectively, for institution 2. When the urine sample review protocol at institution 2 was matched to that of institution 1, sensitivity and specificity were more similar to institution 1 (71.2% and 88.9%, respectively). Our results show that the sensitivity and specificity of cytology are affected by screening and review protocols implemented by different institutions. The data also demonstrate that sensitivity and specificity vary by collection method. Diagnostic catheterization had the highest performance: of the 11 cases between two institutions, it had 100% sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, examination of urine sediment not collected via diagnostic catheterization had low sensitivity and specificity that varied greatly by institution. In summary, cytologic interpretation should be undertaken with consideration given to both processing and collection protocols.
Low responders to endurance training exhibit impaired hypertrophy and divergent biological process responses in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: West Daniel W. D. , Doering Thomas M. , Thompson Jamie‐Lee M. , Budiono Boris P. , Lessard Sarah J. , Koch Lauren G. , Britton Steven L. , Steck Roland , Byrne Nuala M. , Brown Matthew A. , Peake Jonathan M. , Ashton Kevin J. , Coffey Vernon G. 
Published: January 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The extent to which genetics determines adaptation to endurance versus resistance exercise is unclear. Previously, a divergent selective breeding rat model showed that genetic factors play a major role in the response to aerobic training. Here, we asked: do genetic factors that underpin poor adaptation to endurance training affect adaptation to functional overload?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Our data show that heritable factors in low responders to endurance training generated differential gene expression that was associated with impaired skeletal muscle hypertrophy. A maladaptive genotype to endurance exercise appears to dysregulate biological processes responsible for mediating exercise adaptation, irrespective of the mode of contraction stimulus.

AbstractDivergent skeletal muscle phenotypes result from chronic resistance‐type versus endurance‐type contraction, reflecting the principle of training specificity. Our aim was to determine whether there is a common set of genetic factors that influence skeletal muscle adaptation to divergent contractile stimuli. Female rats were obtained from a genetically heterogeneous rat population and were selectively bred from high responders to endurance training (HRT) or low responders to endurance training (LRT; n = 6/group; generation 19). Both groups underwent 14 days of synergist ablation to induce functional overload of the plantaris muscle before comparison to non‐overloaded controls of the same phenotype. RNA sequencing was performed to identify Gene Ontology biological processes with differential (LRT vs. HRT) gene set enrichment. We found that running distance, determined in advance of synergist ablation, increased in response to aerobic training in HRT but not LRT (65 ± 26 vs. −6 ± 18%, mean ± SD, P < 0.0001). The hypertrophy response to functional overload was attenuated in LRT versus HRT (20.1 ± 5.6 vs. 41.6 ± 16.1%, P = 0.015). Between‐group differences were observed in the magnitude of response of 96 upregulated and 101 downregulated pathways. A further 27 pathways showed contrasting upregulation or downregulation in LRT versus HRT in response to functional overload. In conclusion, low responders to aerobic endurance training were also low responders for compensatory hypertrophy, and attenuated hypertrophy was associated with differential gene set regulation. Our findings suggest that genetic factors that underpin aerobic training maladaptation might also dysregulate the transcriptional regulation of biological processes that contribute to adaptation to mechanical overload.
Teleoperated Motorized Functional Electric Stimulation Actuated Rehabilitative Cycling
Authors: Stubbs Kimberly J. , Allen Brendon C. , Dixon Warren E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Many people are affected by a wide range of neuromuscular disorders, many of which can be improved through the use of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) rehabilitative cycling. Recent improvements in nonlinear, Lyapunov-based FES muscle control with motor assistance in unstimulated regions of the cycle-crank rotation have led to a reduction in muscle fatigue, allowing rehabilitation time to be extended. Studies in rehabilitation have shown that the addition of coordinated movement between the upper limbs and lower limbs can have a positive effect on neural plasticity leading to faster restoration of walking in those who have some neurological disorders. In this paper, to implement coordinated motion during rehabilitation, a strongly coupled bilateral telerobotic system is developed between a hand-cycle system driven by the participant’s volitional efforts and a split-crank leg-cycle system driven by the switched application of FES with motor assistance. A variable operator is applied to the leg-cycle’s motor input during the FES stimulation regions to provide assistance as required. Lyapunov-based analysis methods are used on the combined leg and hand-cycle system to prove global exponential stability. Analysis further proves that all switched system inputs are bounded, thus the states of the telerobotic master (i.e., hand-cycle system) are bounded, therefore, the telerobotic system is stable.
PD Controller With Self Adaptive Gains for Quadrotor Waypoint Navigation
Authors: Sudakar Madhavan , Sridhar Siddharth , Kumar Manish 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are commonly used in quadrotors due to their simple structure. Tuning of the gains of the PD controller is often cumbersome due to strong coupling of the dynamics between three linear and three angular degrees of freedom. This paper presents a novel method of auto adjusting the proportional and derivative gains of the quadrotor without the use of any stable reference model (unlike model reference adaptive control). The gains are automatically adjusted throughout the flight based on just the state errors. Lyapunov stability analysis and adaptive gain law is used to formulate the control algorithm to achieve way point navigation. It is shown that our proposed controller achieves effective way point navigation even when started off from random gain values.
Targeting cancer stem cells with a pan-BCL-2 inhibitor in preclinical and clinical settings in patients with gastroesophageal carcinoma
Authors: Song Shumei , Chen Qiongrong , Li Yuan , Lei Guang , Scott Ailing , Huo Longfei , Li Cordelia Y , Estrella Jeannelyn Santiano , Correa Arlene , Pizzi Melissa Pool , Ma Lang , Jin Jiankang , Liu Bin , Wang Ying , Xiao Lianchun , Hofstetter Wayne L , Lee Jeffrey H , Weston Brian , Bhutani Manoop , Shanbhag Namita , Johnson Randy L , Gan Boyi , Wei Shaozhong , Ajani Jaffer A 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveGastro-oesophageal cancers (GEC) are resistant to therapy and lead to poor prognosis. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) and antiapoptotic pathways often confer therapy resistance. We sought to elucidate the antitumour action of a BCL-2 inhibitor, AT101 in GEC in vitro, in vivo and in a clinical trial.MethodsExtensive preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo were carried out to establish the mechanism action of AT101 on targeting CSCs and antiapoptotic proteins. A pilot clinical trial in patients with GEC was completed with AT-101 added to standard chemoradiation.ResultsOverexpression of BCL-2 and MCL-1 was noted in gastric cancer tissues (GC). AT-101 induced apoptosis, reduced proliferation and tumour sphere formation in MCL-1/BCL-2 high GC cells. Interestingly, AT101 dramatically downregulated genes (YAP-1/Sox9) that control CSCs in GEC cell lines regardless of BCL-2/MCL-1 expression. Addition of docetaxel to AT-101 amplified its antiproliferation and induced apoptosis effects. In vivo studies confirmed the combination of AT101 and docetaxel demonstrated stronger antitumour activity accompanied with significant decrease of CSCs biomarkers (YAP1/SOX9). In a pilot clinical trial, 13 patients with oesophageal cancer (EC) received AT101 orally concurrently with chemoradiation. We observed dramatic clinical complete responses and encouraging overall survival in these patients. Clinical specimen analyses revealed that AT-101 dramatically reduced the expression of CSCs genes in treated EC specimens indicating antitumour activity of AT101 relies more on its anti-CSCs activity.ConclusionsOur preclinical and clinical data suggest that AT-101 overcomes resistance by targeting CSCs pathways suggesting a novel mechanism of action of AT101 in patients with GEC.
Hyperspherical variables analysis of lattice QCD three-quark potentials: skewed Y-string as the mechanism of confinement?
Authors: Leech James , Šuvakov Milovan , Dmitrašinović V. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe have re-analysed the lattice QCD calculations of the 3-quark potentials by: (i) Sakumichi and Suganuma (Phys Rev D 92(3), 034511, 2015); and (ii) Koma and Koma (Phys Rev D 95(9), 094513, 2017) using hyperspherical variables. We find that: (1) the two sets of lattice results have only two common sets of 3-quark geometries: (a) the isosceles, and (b) the right-angled triangles; (2) both sets of results are subject to unaccounted for deviations from smooth curves that are largest near the equilateral triangle geometry and are function of the hyperradius – the deviations being much larger and extending further in the triangle shape space in Sakumichi and Suganuma’s than in Koma and Koma’s data; (3) the variation of Sakumichi and Suganuma’s results brackets, from above and below, the Koma and Koma’s ones; the latter will be used as the benchmark; (4) this benchmark result generally passes between the Y- and the $$\Delta $$
Δ
-string predictions, thus excluding both; (5) three pieces of elastic strings joined at a skewed junction, which lies on the Euler line, reproduce such a potential, within the region where the data sets agree, in qualitative agreement with the calculations of colour flux density by Bissey et al. (Phys Rev D 76, 114512, 2007).
The Effect of 3-Month Growth Hormone Administration and 12-Month Follow-Up Duration among Heart Failure Patients Four Weeks after Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Amirpour Afshin , Vakhshoori Mehrbod , Zavar Reihaneh , Zarei Hadi , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Yavari Behzad 
Published: January 2021

Background. The probable impact of growth hormone (GH) as a heart failure (HF) treatment strategy is still less investigated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relation of 3-month GH prescription on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), interventricular septum (IVS), posterior left ventricle (LV) thickness, end systolic and end diastolic diameters (ESD and EDD), and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) among Iranian individuals suffering from HF due to MI attack. Methods. A total of 16 clinically stable participants with HF diagnosis and

LVEF
<
40

% were selected for enrollment in this pilot randomized double-blinded study. They were randomly assigned equally to groups received 5 IU subcutaneous GH or placebo. Injections were done every other day for a total of 3-month duration. After termination of intervention and nine months afterwards, cardiac outcomes were assessed. Results. Baseline and 12-month posttrial participants’ characteristics were similar. LVEF was increased significantly by three months started from baseline in individuals receiving GH (

32
±
3.80

% to

43.80
±
4.60

%,

P
=
0.002

). During the next 9 months of follow-up concurrent with cessation of injections, LVEF was declined (

43.80
±
4.60

% to

32.20
±
6.97

%,

P
=
0.008

). LVEF and ESD were remarkably higher and lower in GH group compared with controls by the end date of injections (

43.80
±
4.60

% vs.

33.14
±
4.84

%,

P
=
0.02

and

39.43
±
3.45

mm vs.

33
±
3.16

mm,

P
=
0.03

, respectively). No other considerable association was found in terms of other predefined variables in neither GH nor placebo groups. Conclusions. GH administration in HF patients was associated with increased LVEF function. Several randomized clinical trials are necessary proving this relation. This trial is registered with IRCT201704083035N1.
Evaluation of Inflammatory and Calcification after Implantation of Bioabsorbable Poly-L-Lactic Acid/Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Feng Gaoke , Qin Chaoshi , Sha Fei , Lyu Yongnan , Xia Jinggang , Jiang Xuejun 
Published: January 2021

Purpose. Our previous research has confirmed that the addition of nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) materials can improve the support of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) vascular scaffolds. Based on this, we continued to explore the effect of novel bioresorbable scaffold composed of PLLA and ACP nanoparticles on inflammation and calcification of surrounding tissues after scaffold implantation in porcine coronary artery. Methods. PLLA/ACP scaffolds in the experimental group and PLLA scaffolds in the control group were implanted into the coronary arteries of small pigs. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), calcium (Ca), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured before implantation and at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after operation. Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) was performed to evaluate the vascular calcification score. The scaffold and surrounding tissues were hematoxylin-eosin staining for inflammation score. The scaffold and surrounding tissues were stained with NF-κB and ALP, and the positive expression index was calculated. Western blot was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and BMP-2 in the tissues around the scaffold. Results. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in CRP, calcium, and ALP at preimplant, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months (

P
>
0.05

). The inflammation score, NF-κB positive expression index, and calcification score in the PLLA/ACP group were lower than that in the PLLA group at 12 months and 24 months (

P
<
0

05

). The ALP positive expression index in the PLLA/ACP group was lower than that in the PLLA group at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months (

P
<
0

05

). Western blot results showed that the IL-6 expression level in the PLLA/ACP group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months (

P
<
0.05

). The expression of BMP-2 in the PLLA/ACP group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 12 months and 24 months (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The PLLA/ACP composite scaffold has good biocompatibility. The incorporation of nanoscale ACP can reduce the inflammatory response caused by the acid metabolites of PLLA scaffolds, reduce the expression of procalcification factors in the body, and inhibit tissue calcification. The PLLA/ACP composite scaffold provides reliable guidance for the application and development of degradable vascular scaffold.
Sensitivity of Awaji Criteria and Revised El Escorial Criteria in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) at First Visit in a Tunisian Cohort
Authors: Ido Bademain Jean Fabrice , Kacem Imen , Ouedraogo Mahamadi , Nasri Amina , Mrabet Saloua , Gargouri Amina , Ben Djebara Mouna , Kabore Bawindsongré Jean , Gouider Riadh 
Published: January 2021

Background. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease whose diagnosis and early management can improve survival. The most used diagnostic criteria are the revised El Escorial criteria (rEEC) and Awaji criteria (AC). The comparison of their sensitivities showed contradictory results. Our study aimed to compare the sensitivities of these two criteria in the diagnosis of definite ALS, at first visit, in a Tunisian hospital cohort. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective study including 173 patients diagnosed with ALS at the Department of Neurology of the Razi Hospital between January 2003 and April 2018.After studying the clinical features of the disease in our study population,each patient was categorized according to the rEEC and AC based on data collected in his medical record during his first visit to our department. Then, we compared the sensitivities of these two criteria in the diagnosis of definite ALS. Results. Our Tunisian cohort was characterized by a slower disease progression. The sensitivity of the AC (69.4%) was significantly higher than that of the rEEC (40.5%) (

p

< 0.001). When the clinical signs evolved for less than 6 months, the sensitivities were 61% for AC and 12% for rEEC (

p

< 0.001). After 24 months of disease progression, the sensitivities were 78.2% for AC and 69.1% for rEEC (

p

= 0.063). It was impossible to categorize seventeen patients by the two criteria. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated that patients in AC are more sensitive than rEEC in the early diagnosis of ALS in our Tunisian cohort. However, this superiority is gradually reduced during the evolution of the disease.
Generalized Ideals of BCK/BCI-Algebras Based on Fuzzy Soft Set Theory
Authors: Muhiuddin G. , Al-Kadi D. , Shum K. P. , Alanazi A. M. 
Published: January 2021

In the present paper, using Lukaswize triple-valued logic, we introduce the notion of

α
,
β

-intuitionistic fuzzy soft ideal of

BCK

/

BCI

-algebras, where

α
and
β

are the membership values between an intuitionistic fuzzy soft point and intuitionistic fuzzy set. Moreover, intuitionistic fuzzy soft ideals with thresholds are introduced, and their related properties are investigated.