bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Creatine Modified With Polyethylene Glycol Effectively Loads Skeletal Muscle With Lower Doses
Authors: Fry Andrew C. , Parra Mandy E. , Cabarkapa Dimitrije 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fry, AC, Parra, ME, and Cabarkapa, D. Supplemental creatine modified with polyethylene glycol effectively loads skeletal muscle with lower doses. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1256–1261, 2021—The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of skeletal muscle uptake of creatine monohydrate (Cr H2O) with that of creatine bound to polyethylene glycol (Cr PEG). Healthy men (X ± SE; age = 23.5 ± 1.0 years) were divided into control (Con, n = 9, 20 g·d−1 of Cr H2O) and experimental (Exp, n = 8, 10 g·d−1 of Cr PEG) groups. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were used to determine acute gastrointestinal absorption over 5 hours and muscle cellular uptake over 5 days. Both groups exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) elevated concentrations of muscle-free Cr (M·gdw
−1; Con, pre = 23.0 ± 4.2, post = 39.2 ± 2.7; Exp pre = 22.1 ± 2.9, post = 33.6 ± 3.2), total Cr (M·gdw
−1, Con pre = 94.7 ± 5.4, post = 114.8 ± 7.4; Exp pre = 92.6 ± 5.4, post = 106.6 ± 8.4), which were also elevated when these values were normalized for adenosine triphosphate using molar ratios. Circulatory uptake of Cr was significantly different between the groups, with blood concentrations (mg·dL−1) for the Con group peaking at 2 hours post-ingestion (25.99 ± 2.96), whereas the concentrations for the Exp group were lower and were still rising at 5 hours (4.05 ± 0.87). The integrated area under the curve for the 5-hour postingestion period was 7-fold greater for the Con group. Although total Cr ingested over the 5 days supplementation period was less for the Cr PEG group, skeletal muscle uptake of Cr PEG was similar to Cr H2O. Based on circulating Cr concentrations, it seems that Cr PEG is cleared more slowly from the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, lower dosages of Cr may be ingested while maintaining optimal loading kinetics.
When Matched for Relative Leg Strength at Baseline, Male and Female Older Adults Respond Similarly to Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training
Authors: Timmons James F. , Hone Michelle , Duffy Orlaith , Egan Brendan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Timmons, JF, Hone, M, Duffy, O, and Egan, B. When matched for relative leg strength at baseline, male and female older adults respond similarly to concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2927–2933, 2022—Comparisons between sexes of adaptive responses with concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training are largely unexplored. A supervised 12-week intervention of concurrent exercise training was used to investigate sex-specific differences, if any, in the response to concurrent exercise training in older adults. Community-dwelling men (n = 14; 68.0 ± 1.8 years; 27.8 ± 3.8 kg·m−2) and women (n = 14; 68.9 ± 3.8 years; 25.1 ± 3.8 kg·m−2) were pair-matched for relative leg strength expressed as leg press 1 repetition maximum per kg of leg lean body mass (LBM; assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Subjects undertook 24 minutes of concurrent aerobic (12 minutes) and resistance (12 minutes) exercise training 3 times per week i.e., 72 minutes of active exercise time per week. Muscle strength, physical function, and body composition were assessed before (PRE) and after 12 weeks (POST) of exercise training. The increase in absolute leg press strength was larger in men (mean difference ± SE, 25.3 ± 11.8 kg; p = 0.041,

= 0.156), but when expressed as leg press strength relative to leg LBM, training-induced increases were not different between the sexes (mean difference ± SE, 0.30 ± 0.46 kg·kg−1; p = 0.526,

= 0.016). No other measure of muscle strength (hand-grip and chest press), physical function (gait speed, timed-up-and-go, sit-to-stand, and Chester step test), or body composition (LBM and fat mass) differed in response to exercise training for between-sex comparisons. When male and female older adults are pair matched for relative leg strength at baseline before commencing exercise training, sex-specific adaptive responses to concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training are largely similar for muscle strength, physical function, and body composition.
Neuromuscular, Endocrine, and Perceptual Recovery After a Youth American Football Game
Authors: Davis Jon-Kyle , Wolfe Anthony S. , Basham Steven A. , Freese Eric C. , De Chavez Peter John D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Davis, JK, Wolfe, AS, Basham, SA, Freese, EC, and De Chavez, PJD. Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual recovery after a youth American football game. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1317–1325, 2021—American football is a high-intensity intermittent sport consisting of various movements and repeated collisions which highlights the importance of adequate recovery from a game to prepare for the next competition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the time course of recovery markers after a youth American football game. Thirteen male American football youth players were monitored for 7 days after a single football game. Baseline measures were taken 28 hours pregame for lower-body neuromuscular function by countermovement jumps (CMJs) to determine peak power (PP), jump height (JH), flight time (FT), and takeoff velocity (TOV). Saliva was analyzed for cortisol, testosterone, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Perceptual recovery was assessed by the modified profile of mood states (POMS), perceived recovery status (PRS), and a daily wellness questionnaire. These measures were repeated immediately postgame (30 minutes) and at 20, 44, 68, 92, 116, and 140 hours postgame. Compared with baseline values, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in CMJ PP, JH, and TOV up to 68 hours postgame and FT 44 hours postgame. No significant difference existed among time points for salivary testosterone and CRP. Cortisol levels significantly increased postgame compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Total mood disturbance, assessed by POMS, and daily wellness markers for energy were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas daily wellness markers for soreness were significantly increased (p < 0.05) immediately after the game. Players exhibited a significant decrease in PRS up to 44 hours postgame (p < 0.05), similar to the decrease in neuromuscular function. Neuromuscular function and PRS are impaired for up to 44–68 h postgame.
Neuromuscular Performance and Hormonal Responses to Military Operational Stress in Men and Women
Authors: Conkright William R. , Beckner Meaghan E. , Sinnott Aaron M. , Eagle Shawn R. , Martin Brian J. , Lagoy Alice D. , Proessl Felix , Lovalekar Mita , Doyle Tim L.A. , Agostinelli Phil , Sekel Nicole M. , Flanagan Shawn D. , Germain Anne , Connaboy Christopher , Nindl Bradley C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conkright, WR, Beckner, ME, Sinnott, AM, Eagle, SR, Martin, BJ, Lagoy, AD, Proessl, F, Lovalekar, M, Doyle, TLA, Agostinelli, P, Sekel, NM, Flanagan, SD, Germain, A, Connaboy, C, and Nindl, BC. Neuromuscular performance and hormonal responses to military operational stress in men and women. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1296–1305, 2021—Women have recently been integrated into ground close combat positions; however, there are limited data in women in these roles. We aimed to test the hypothesis that there would be no sex-specific neuromuscular responses, but hormonal signaling would be differentially impacted when exposed to simulated military operational stress (SMOS). Neuromuscular performance was assessed daily using a tactical mobility test (TMT) in 54 male and 15 female military members. Blood was drawn before/after TMT. Mood states were assessed each morning. Unloaded 300-m shuttle time increased 6% in both sexes and remained 7% higher after 1 day of recovery compared with baseline (p < 0.05 for both), whereas performance was maintained in other TMT events (p > 0.05). Growth hormone increased in men, but not women, before to after TMT (p < 0.001 vs. p = 0.086). Women experienced a greater decline in insulin-like growth factor-I across days compared with men (

= 0.778 vs. 0.209, respectively, p < 0.001). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increased significantly in men only from before to after TMT on day 1 (men: +107% vs. women: +10%) but no difference on days 3 or 4. Cortisol increased 69% from before to after TMT when averaged by sex and day. Negative mood states (depression, tension, and anger) and altered hormonal concentrations were associated with poorer TMT performance. Acute SMOS differentially impacted circulating hormonal milieu in men and women, but no differences in physical performance responses. Unloaded 300-m shuttle was negatively impacted while other fitness domains were maintained. Relationships between performance and mood/endocrine signaling highlight the potential for self-report measures and biomarkers to serve as indicators of performance change.
Comparing Sampling Frequencies to Measure Collective Tactical Variables During Soccer Training
Authors: Rico-González Markel , Pino-Ortega José , Rojas-Valverde Daniel , Arcos Asier Los 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rico-González, M, Pino-Ortega, J, Rojas-Valverde, D, and Arcos, AL. Comparing sampling frequencies to measure collective tactical variables during soccer training. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2862–2867, 2022—The sampling frequency of microsensors that measure the position of the players in team sports is a variable that could affect the accuracy of the measurement. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the sampling frequency on the outcomes of tactical behavior variables during soccer training. Sixteen U16 male soccer players participated in the study. Three tactical variables (change in the geometrical center position [cGCp], mean distance between players [mean-DbP], and total area [TA]) were measured at 4 different sampling frequencies (i.e., 10, 4, 2, and 1 Hz) during a 7+goalkeeper-a-side soccer match by a time motion tracking system using inertial measurement units (IMU; WIMU PRO, RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain). Significant (p < 0.01) and substantial (ES = moderate-large) differences were found in the cGCp values across all sampling frequencies. Several significant (p < 0.05) and substantial (ES = small-moderate) differences were found in the mean-DbP values between 10 data per second and the rest of the sampling frequencies. There were no significant (p > 0.05) and substantial (ES = trivial) differences in the TA values across all sampling frequencies. The sampling frequency affects the outcomes of cGCp and mean-DbP but does not affect the values of TA. The outcomes of the studies that assess collective tactical behavior should be compared with caution if GC-related and distance variables were measured using different sampling frequencies. In addition, it seems that a smaller amount of data could be sufficient to measure area variables with greater magnitudes.
Resistance Training–Induced Gains in Muscle Strength and Power Mediate the Improvement in Walking Speed in Middle-Aged Women Who Are Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Santagnello Samarita Beraldo , Martins Fernanda Maria , de Oliveira Junior Gersiel Nascimento , de Sousa Jairo de Freitas Rodrigues , Nomelini Rosekeila Simões , Murta Eddie Fernando Candido , Orsatti Fábio Lera 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Santagnello, SB, Martins, FM, de Oliveira Junior, GN, de Sousa, JdeFR, Nomelini, RS, Murta, EFC, and Orsatti, FL. Resistance training–induced gains in muscle strength and power mediate the improvement in walking speed in middle-aged women who are breast cancer survivors. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2021—(a) Ascertain whether lower muscle mass, strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), and power (Pmax) in middle-aged women who are breast cancer survivors (BCS), when compared with women of a similar age never diagnosed with cancer (WNC), are related with lower walking speed (WS). (b) Ascertain whether changes in WS are associated with changes in muscle mass, 1RM, and (or) Pmax after resistance training (RT) in middle-aged BCS. A cross-section study was performed. Twenty WNC and 21 BCS were evaluated for lean mass of legs (LLM), 1RM (knee extension), muscle quality index (MQI = 1RM/LLM), Pmax (maximum muscle power–knee extension), and fast WS (10 and 400-meters). Randomized clinical trial was performed. The BCS were randomly divided into the control group (n = 9) and the RT group (n = 11). Breast cancer survivors exhibited lower 1RM (24.2%, p ˂ 0.001), Pmax (30.6%, p ˂ 0.001), MQI (22.2%, p = 0.001), and WS (10-m = 17.0%, p ˂ 0.001 and 400-m = 10.5%, p = 0.002) than WNC. Resistance training increased 1RM (31.6%, p = 0.001), MP (29.0%, p = 0.012), MQI (28.5%, p = 0.008), and WS (10-m = 9.4%, p = 0.009 and 400-m = 6.2%, p = 0.006) in BCS. The changes in WS were positively associated with 1RM (10-m = 68%, p = 0.001 and 400-m = 37%, p = 0.036) and Pmax (10-m = 56%, p = 0.005 and 400-m = 40%, p = 0.027) and MQI (10-m = 63%, p = 0.043 and 400-m = 37%, p = 0.035). Resistance training–induced gains in muscle strength and power mediate the improvement in WS in middle-aged BCS. Resistance training is an effective strategy to improve WS in middle-aged BCS.
Gonadectomy in conditions affecting sex development: a registry-based cohort study
Authors: Lucas-Herald Angela K , Bryce Jillian , Kyriakou Andreas , Ljubicic Marie Lindhardt , Arlt Wiebke , Audi Laura , Balsamo Antonio , Baronio Federico , Bertelloni Silvano , Bettendorf Markus , Brooke Antonia , Claahsen van der Grinten Hedi L , Davies Justin H , Hermann Gloria , de Vries Liat , Hughes Ieuan A , Tadokoro-Cuccaro Rieko , Darendeliler Feyza , Poyrazoglu Sukran , Ellaithi Mona , Evliyaoglu Olcay , Fica Simone , Nedelea Lavinia , Gawlik Aneta , Globa Evgenia , Zelinska Nataliya , Guran Tulay , Güven Ayla , Hannema Sabine E , Hiort Olaf , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Iotova Violeta , Mladenov Vilhelm , Jain Vandana , Sharma Rajni , Jennane Farida , Johnston Colin , Guerra Junior Gil , Konrad Daniel , Gaisl Odile , Krone Nils , Krone Ruth , Lachlan Katherine , Li Dejun , Lichiardopol Corina , Lisa Lidka , Markosyan Renata , Mazen Inas , Mohnike Klaus , Niedziela Marek , Nordenstrom Anna , Rey Rodolfo , Skaeil Mars , Tack Lloyd J W , Tomlinson Jeremy , Weintrob Naomi , Cools Martine , Ahmed S Faisal 
Published: March 2021

Objectives
To determine trends in clinical practice for individuals with DSD requiring gonadectomy.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods
Information regarding age at gonadectomy according to diagnosis; reported sex; time of presentation to specialist centre; and location of centre from cases reported to the International DSD Registry and who were over 16 years old in January 2019.

Results
Data regarding gonadectomy were available in 668 (88%) individuals from 44 centres. Of these, 248 (37%) (median age (range) 24 (17, 75) years) were male and 420 (63%) (median age (range) 26 (16, 86) years) were female. Gonadectomy was reported from 36 centres in 351/668 cases (53%). Females were more likely to undergo gonadectomy (n = 311, P < 0.0001). The indication for gonadectomy was reported in 268 (76%). The most common indication was mitigation of tumour risk in 172 (64%). Variations in the practice of gonadectomy were observed; of the 351 cases from 36 centres, 17 (5%) at 9 centres had undergone gonadectomy before their first presentation to the specialist centre. Median age at gonadectomy of cases from high-income countries and low-/middle-income countries (LMIC) was 13.0 years (0.1, 68) years and 16.5 years (1, 28), respectively (P < 0.0001) with the likelihood of long-term retention of gonads being higher in LMIC countries.

Conclusions
The likelihood of gonadectomy depends on the underlying diagnosis, sex of rearing and the geographical setting. Clinical benchmarks, which can be studied across all forms of DSD will allow a better understanding of the variation in the practice of gonadectomy.
Perceived Access to Handguns Among Colorado High School Students
Authors: Brooks-Russell Ashley , Ma Ming , Brummett Sarah , Kelly Erin , Betz Marian 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Access to firearms among youth can increase the risk of suicide or other injury. In this study, we sought to estimate the population prevalence of adolescent perception of firearm access by demographic, geographic, and other individual health characteristics.

METHODS:
The 2019 Healthy Kids Colorado Survey was an anonymous survey administered to a representative sample of high school students in Colorado. The survey was used to assess health behaviors and risk and protective factors. Analysis was conducted with weights to the state population of public high school students.

RESULTS:
In total, 46 537 high school students responded (71% student response rate; 83% school response rate). One in 5 students said it was “sort of easy” (11.1%) or “very easy” (8.8%) to access a handgun, with higher prevalence among male and older-aged youth and differences in racial and/or ethnicity groups. There were geographic differences such that students in schools in more rural areas were more likely to report perceived easy access. Students who had felt sad or hopeless, attempted suicide, or been in a fight were more likely to say they had access to a handgun.

CONCLUSIONS:
A relatively high proportion of youth have easy access to a firearm, with differences across age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, and geography. This highlights the need for efforts to address ways to reduce firearm access for youth, including secure storage at home, for the prevention of youth firearm suicide and other firearm injuries.
Bank ownership and drivers of credit growth in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe
Authors: Iwanicz-Drozdowska Małgorzata , Witkowski Bartosz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the determinants of credit growth for banks operating in 20 countries in the post-communist Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE). We focus on foreign-owned banks and the parent-subsidiary nexus against the background of all banks operating in this part of Europe. Our goal is to determine whether the macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants for host countries have a similar impact on the entire group of banks operating in CESEE and on its subset of foreign-owned banks and whether the rate of credit growth could be considered ceteris paribus equal across the foreign-owned and the complete set of banks in the CESEE. To this end, we use panel data regressions on approximately 4,600 bank-year observations over the period from 1995 to 2014. We conclude that the determinants of banks’ behaviour in the CESEE countries are consistent regardless of these banks’ ownership, the period and their EU membership. Although having a foreign investor expands the set of relevant determinants, the presence of such investors does not overshadow the importance of local conditions.
The state of the state – Economic property rights and firm profitability versus corruption. New evidence from the Czech Republic
Authors: Malinowska A.P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite significant advances in economic literature on the relationship between graft and economic growth, the consensus in nowhere in sight. The current paper enriches the extant literature on the subject by: 1) extending econometric techniques in an attempt to quantify and model institutional development; and 2) providing novel results on the dynamics between non-standardised and standardised institutional metrics. Utilising a new dataset compiled for 423 publicly quoted Czech, non-financial companies with macroeconomic and institutional metrics, we fashion a dynamic model approximating the interactions between the country's institutional development and firm profits as well as examining the relationship between the Czech corruption and the national institutional framework in the years of 2007–2016. The economic property rights appear to contribute to firm accounting profits- and cash flow-based profitability metrics. As regards the anti-corruption policies, the study's outcomes indicate that improvement in economic property rights could have propelled the positive impact of lax anti-corruption government action and inefficient judiciary on firm profits.
A TESSITURA DO CONHECIMENTO EM GRUPOS NO WHATSAPP
Authors: Mendes Vieira da Silva Daniela , Esquincalha Agnaldo da Conceição 
Published: March 2021

Atualmente, a internet permeia a vida de seres humanos em geral. Os smartphones conectados à grande rede são parte fundamental dessa realidade hiperconectada. Uma de suas aplicações mais populares é a rede social WhatsApp, por meio da qual aproximadamente um bilhão de pessoas se conectam diretamente e em grupos. A interação em grupos de WhatsApp é um fenômeno contemporâneo. Eles são utilizados diariamente para a discussão de interesses pessoais, políticos, familiares, para elaboração de trabalhos escolares ou universitários e para debates sobre especificidades de uma profissão com vistas a melhorar as práticas dos membros de um grupo reunidos em torno de um interesse comum, por exemplo. Este artigo, um ensaio teórico, discute a tessitura do conhecimento mediada por grupos com interesses comuns no WhatsApp. No desenvolvimento, foi caracterizado o cenário digital que levou ao surgimento e à difusão do WhatsApp, discutiu-se a construção do conhecimento na cibercultura e foram tecidas considerações sobre a tessitura do conhecimento em grupos dessa rede social. Como resultado deste trabalho, compreendeu-se que grupos no WhatsApp podem trazer a perspectiva de uma construção de conhecimento comunitária, caótica e onipresente dentro de um tema de interesse de um coletivo.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE USE OF INTRAVAGINAL MISOPROSTOL AND INTRAVENOUS OXYTOCIN FOR INDUCTION OF LABOUR AFTER PRE-LABOR RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AT TERM
Authors: Rahem Gona 
Published: March 2021

Background
Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analogue medication, has been shown to be effective and safe for induction of labor in women with pre-labour rupture of membranes at term.
Objective
The aim of this study is to compare efficacy and acceptability of intravaginal misoprostol with intravenous oxytocin for induction of labor after pre-labour rupture of membranes at term.
Patients and Methods
This study was conducted as prospective randomized trial at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Maternity teaching hospital and Rizgary hospital in Erbil, performed in 2010-2011. The study involved 100 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies at term, with pre-labour rupture of membranes. The women were assigned to receive 50 Microgram of vaginalmisoprostol every 4 hours (50 patients) or oxytocin infusion (50 patients). The patients were selected randomly from the Labour room. The parameter studied were induction to delivery interval, rate of cesarean section, indications of cesarean section, neonatal outcomes, maternal complications and maternal satisfaction. The test that used for statistical analysis of variables was t-test.
Results
The two groups were comparable with respect to maternal age, gestational age in weeks, parity and Bishop score. The time interval from induction to delivery was shorter in misoprostol group (7.77±0.88 hours), compared to oxytocin group (9.91±1.02 hours), which is statistically significant (p-value<0.001) and mean difference between them was (2.138 hours). Maternal satisfaction was more in misoprostol group (92%) compared to oxytocin group (62%) which is statistically significant (p-value<0.001). The rate of caesarean section was (18%) in oxytocin group & (12%) in misoprostol group (p-value=0.401) which is statistically insignificant, no difference of statistical importance seen with regard to indications of C/S, fetal distress, neonatal APGAR score <7, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, fetal weight and sex, and maternal adverse effects of the drugs.
Conclusion
In pre-labour rupture of membranes at term, it is effective, safe and economic to use misoprostol for induction of labour with low cervical Bishop score and is associated with shorter induction to delivery interval compared to oxytocin, with higher maternal satisfaction.