bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clomiphene citrate for men with hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huijben Manou , Lock M. Tycho W.T. , de Kemp Vincent F. , de Kort Laetitia M.O. , van Breda H.M.K 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMale hypogonadism is a clinical and biochemical androgen insufficiency syndrome, becoming more prevalent with age. Exogenous testosterone is first‐choice therapy, with several side effects, including negative feedback of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, resulting in suppression of intratesticular testosterone production and spermatogenesis. To preserve these testicular functions while treating male hypogonadism, clomiphene citrate is used as off‐label therapy. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of clomiphene citrate therapy for men with hypogonadism.MethodsThe EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane databases were searched in May 2021, for effectiveness studies of men with hypogonadism treated with clomiphene citrate. Both intervention and observational studies were included. The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool, a validated instrument, was used to assess methodological study quality. The primary outcome measure was the evaluation of serum hormone concentration. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of hypogonadism, metabolic and lipid profile, side effects, safety aspects.ResultsWe included 19 studies, comprising four randomized controlled trials and 15 observational studies, resulting in 1642 patients. Seventeen studies were included in the meta‐analysis, with a total of 1279 patients. Therapy and follow‐up duration varied between one and a half and 52 months. Total testosterone increased with 2.60 (95% CI 1.82–3.38) during clomiphene citrate treatment. An increase was also seen in free testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone‐binding globulin and estradiol. Different symptom scoring methods were used in the included studies. The most frequently used instrument was the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaire, whose improved during treatment. Reported side effects were only prevalent in less than 10% of the study populations and no serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionClomiphene citrate is an effective therapy for improving both biochemical as well as clinical symptoms of males suffering from hypogonadism. Clomiphene citrate has few reported side effects and good safety aspects.
Psychological burden and coping in destination therapy patients with a left ventricular assist device: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Levelink Michael , Reinhold Anna Katharina , Dewald Oliver , Brütt Anna Levke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to an increasing prevalence of heart failure and persistent shortage of donor hearts, the number of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantations is growing. As more patients live with LVADs for prolonged periods of time, psychosocial outcomes are becoming more relevant. This particularly applies to destination therapy (DT) patients, who live with the LVAD for the rest of their lives.MethodsWe used a cross‐sectional qualitative design to explore psychological burden, coping strategies, and resources from the perspective of DT patients. Data were collected via semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 18 patients who lived with the LVAD for 3 months to over 10 years. These were analyzed using an inductive content analysis. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, changes to the recruitment strategy and data collection strategies of the original study protocol were applied. Patients and clinicians were involved throughout the research process to ensure the validity of the results and implications.ResultsWe synthesized 10 psychosocial, health, and treatment‐related burdens and identified 15 problem‐ and emotion‐focused coping strategies and 5 personal and environmental resources patients used to cope with the burden.ConclusionsThe findings provide deeper insights into the complex and specific situation of LVAD patients to better address the patient situation in health care and promote positive psychosocial outcomes. So far, health care practice and quality vary significantly between clinics due to individual treatment protocols. Our results highlight the need to improve medical and psychosocial care. Overarching care concepts may be developed based on the implications.
Organizations and efficiency in public services: The case of English lighthouses revisited
Authors: Bogart Dan , Dunn Oliver Buxton , Alvarez‐Palau Eduard J. , Shaw‐Taylor Leigh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFoundational debates about public service provision originate with the study of private lighthouses in England and Wales. We provide a new empirical assessment of cost and technical efficiency of competing lighthouse organizations in the early 1800s. Those with more private control charged ships higher fees and had greater operating costs. Lights with more local representation and funding provided lights of more local use and were most cheaply maintained. Our results help explain why government promoted nonprofit organizations to run lighthouses over private operators. We provide new insights into the role of private enterprise and nonprofit organizations in public service provision.
Roles of cutaneous cell‐cell communication in wound healing outcome: An emphasis on keratinocyte‐fibroblast crosstalk
Authors: Amiri Nafise , Golin Andrew P. , Jalili Reza B. , Ghahary Aziz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTissue repair is a very complex event and involves a continuously orchestrated sequence of signals and responses from platelets, fibroblasts, epithelial, endothelial and immune cells. The details of interaction between these signals, which are mainly growth factors and cytokines, have been widely discussed. However, it is still not clear how activated cells at wound sites lessen their activities after epithelialization is completed. Termination of the wound healing process requires a fine balance between extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and degradation. Maintaining this balance requires highly accurate epithelial‐mesenchymal communication and correct information exchange between keratinocytes and fibroblasts. As it has been reported in the literature, a disruption in epithelialization during the process of wound healing increases the frequency of developing chronic wounds or fibrotic conditions, as seen in a variety of clinical cases. Conversely, the potential stop signal for wound healing should have a regulatory role on both ECM synthesis and degradation to reach a successful wound healing outcome. This review briefly describes the potential roles of growth factors and cytokines in controlling the early phase of wound healing and predominantly explores the role of releasable factors from epithelial‐mesenchymal interaction in controlling during and the late stage of the healing process. Emphasis will be given on the crosstalk between keratinocytes and fibroblasts in ECM modulation and the healing outcome following a brief discussion of the wound healing initiation mechanism. In particular, we will review the termination of acute dermal wound healing, which frequently leads to the development of hypertrophic scarring.
Patients at the centre after a health care incident: A scoping review of hospital strategies targeting communication and nonmaterial restoration
Authors: Dijkstra Rachel I. , Roodbeen Ruud T. J. , Bouwman Renée J. R. , Pemberton Antony , Friele Roland 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to provide an overview of the strategies adopted by hospitals that target effective communication and nonmaterial restoration (i.e., without a financial or material focus) after health care incidents, and to formulate elements in hospital strategies that patients consider essential by analysing how patients have evaluated these strategies.BackgroundIn the aftermath of a health care incident, hospitals are tasked with responding to the patients' material and nonmaterial needs, mainly restoration and communication. Currently, an overview of these strategies is lacking. In particular, a gap exists concerning how patients evaluate these strategies.Search Strategy and Inclusion CriteriaTo identify studies in this scoping review, and following the methodological framework set out by Arksey and O'Malley, seven subject‐relevant electronic databases were used (PubMed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection). Reference lists of included studies were also checked for relevant studies. Studies were included if published in English, after 2000 and as peer‐reviewed articles.Main Results and SynthesisThe search yielded 13,989 hits. The review has a final inclusion of 16 studies. The inclusion led to an analysis of five different hospital strategies: open disclosure processes, communication‐and‐resolution programmes, complaints procedures, patients‐as‐partners in learning from health care incidents and subsequent disclosure, and mediation. The analysis showed three main domains that patients considered essential: interpersonal communication, organisation around disclosure and support, and desired outcomes.Patient ContributionThis scoping review specifically takes the patient perspective in its methodological design and analysis. Studies were included if they contained an evaluation by patients, and the included studies were analysed on the essential elements for patients.
Preparation and toughening mechanism of Mo2NiB2‐based cermets with SiC whiskers
Authors: Zhang Xue , Du Jin , Su Guosheng , Zhang Peirong , Sun Yujing , Zhang Chongyan , Kong Xiangmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMo2NiB2 is a kind of cermet with excellent mechanical properties, stable chemical properties, and excellent corrosion resistance and is often used in wear‐resistant application fields, such as injection molding machine parts, can making tools and hot copper extruding dies. The brittleness of Mo2NiB2‐based cermets limits their wide application. Mo2NiB2‐based cermets were prepared by the vacuum sintering method, the effect of SiC whiskers (SiCw) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cermets was investigated, and the toughening mechanism of SiCw on cermets was further discussed. The results indicate that with increasing SiCw content, the indentation fracture toughness (KIC), transverse fracture strength (TRS), and Vickers hardness (HV) of the cermets first increase and then decrease. The HV, TRS, and indentation fracture toughness of Mo2NiB2‐based cermets with 0.5 wt% SiCw are 1 113 HV, 1 620 MPa, and 27.97 MPa·m1/2, respectively, which are 16.8%, 22.7%, and 25% higher than those without SiCw. In the sliding friction tests, Mo2NiB2‐based cermets with 0.5 wt% SiCw have the smallest friction coefficient, low wear rate, and high wear resistance. SEM observation and analysis of the crack path and fracture surface showed that the toughening mechanism is whisker bridging, crack deflection, microcrack toughening, and whisker pull‐out. The results indicate that the addition of 0.5 wt% SiCw can effectively improve the mechanical properties of Mo2NiB2‐based cermets and further expand the application space of Mo2NiB2‐based cermets.
Journalism and Press Freedom as Human Rights
Authors: Cruft Rowan 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis article defends journalism and press freedom as human rights on the basis of a ‘naturalistic’ approach to such rights. Three fundamental human interests – in education about current affairs, legitimate authority, and a voice in public debate – are identified as grounds for a human right, held by each and every one of us, that journalistic communication be engaged in for our sake. The journalist's role‐based rights to communicate are argued to be themselves of high‐priority importance because of their tight protective relationship to these universally held human rights to education, legitimate authority, and voice. Journalists' communicative rights are therefore not simply instances of the more general right to communicate held by everyone, and the article shows that their particular basis in education, legitimacy, and voice supports special protections for journalism and also implies limits to these protections.
Predictive assessment of single‐step BLUP with linear and non‐linear similarity RKHS kernels: A case study in chickens
Authors: Momen Mehdi , Kranis Andreas , Rosa Guilherme J. M. , Muir Peter , Gianola Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSingle‐step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) to obtain genomic prediction was proposed in 2009. Many studies have investigated ssGBLUP in genomic selection in animals and plants using a standard linear kernel (similarity matrix) called genomic relationship matrix (G). More general kernels should allow capturing non‐additive effects as well, whereas GBLUP is based on additive gene action. In this study, we generalized ssBLUP to accommodate two non‐linear kernels, the averaged Gaussian kernel (AK) and the recently developed arc‐cosine deep kernel (DK). We evaluated the methodology using body weight (BW) and hen‐housing production (HHP) traits, recorded on a sample of phenotyped and genotyped commercial broiler chickens. There were, thus, different ssGBLUP models corresponding to G, AK and DK. We used random replication of training (TRN) and testing (TST) layouts at different genotyping rates (20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of all birds) in three selective genotyping scenarios. The selections were genotyping the youngest individuals in the pedigree (YS), random genotyping (RS) and genotyping based on parent average (PA). Predictive abilities were measured using rank correlations between the observed and the predictive phenotypic values in TST for each random partition. Prediction accuracy was influenced by the type of kernel when a large proportion of birds was genotyped. An advantage of non‐linear kernels (AK and DK) was more apparent when 60 and 80% of birds had been genotyped. For BW, the lowest rank correlations were obtained with G (0.093 ± 0.015 using RS by 20% genotyped individuals) and the highest values with DK (0.320 ± 0.016 in the PA setting with 80% genotyped individuals). For HHP, the lowest and highest rank correlations were obtained by AK with 20% and 80% genotyped individuals, 0.071 ± 0.016 (in RS) and 0.23 ± 0.016 (in PA) respectively. Our results indicated that AK and DK are more effective than G when a large proportion of the target population is genotyped. Our expectation is that ssGBLUP with AK or DK models can perform even better than G when non‐additive genetic effects influence the underlying variability of complex traits.
Clinical translation of mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles: Considerations on scientific rationale and production requisites
Authors: Courageux Yvan , Monguió‐Tortajada Marta , Prat‐Vidal Cristina , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Roura Santiago 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present paper is a commentary to ‘Identification and characterization of hADSC‐derived exosome proteins from different isolation methods’ (Huang et al. 2021; 10.1111/jcmm.16775). Given the enthusiasm for the potential of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs), some considerations deserve attention as they move through successive stages of research and application into humans. We herein remark the prerequisite of generating that evidence ensuring a high consistency in safety, composition and biological activity of the intended MSC‐EV preparations, and the suitability of disparate isolation techniques to produce efficacious EV preparations and fulfil requirements for standardized clinical‐grade biomanufacturing.
Activation of complement C1q and C3 in glomeruli might accelerate the progression of diabetic nephropathy: Evidence from transcriptomic data and renal histopathology
Authors: Jiao Yuanyuan , Jiang Shimin , Wang Ying , Yu Tianyu , Zou Guming , Zhuo Li , Li Wenge 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionIt is not unclear whether the complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We explored the role of the complement system in glomeruli from patients with DN using integrated transcriptomic bioinformatics analysis and renal histopathology.Materials and MethodsFour datasets (GSE30528, GSE104948, GSE96804 and GSE99339) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were integrated. We used a protein–protein interaction network and the Molecular Complex Detection App to obtain hub genes. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to identify significant pathways. We also investigated the associations of C1q and C3 deposition on renal histopathology with clinical data, pathological parameters and renal survival in DN patients.ResultsWe identified 47 up‐ and 48 downregulated genes associated with DN. C3, C1QB and C1QA were found to be complement‐related hub genes. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses identified complement activation and humoral immune response as the significant oncology terms, with C1QB and C3 positioned at the center of the pathway. Regarding renal histopathology, patients with both C1q and C3 deposition had more severe glomerular classes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression showed that the deposition of glomerular C1q and C3 was an independent risk factor for kidney failure. Patients with high C1q, C3 or C4d expression in glomeruli were more likely to progress to kidney failure, whereas glomerular mannose‐binding lectin was rare.ConclusionsComplement activation is involved in the development of DN, and activation of the classical complement pathway in glomeruli might accelerate disease progression.
Ground cover vegetation promotes biological control and yield in pear orchards
Authors: Ji Xiang‐Yun , Wang Jin‐Yan , Dainese Matteo , Zhang Hao , Chen Yi‐Juan , Cavalieri Andrea , Jiang Jie‐Xian , Wan Nian‐Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe use of ground cover vegetation is becoming a prominent way of promoting biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in Chinese orchards. Despite the large number of studies that have addressed the effects of ground cover vegetation on promoting natural enemy populations and related pest control, it is still unclear whether enhanced natural pest control can increase yield and reduce the use of pesticide. We performed an experiment comparing three cover vegetation practices (ryegrass, clover and hairy vetch) versus a bare ground control in commercial pear orchards in the Yangtze River Delta of East China (YRDEC), China. Natural enemy density (predator and parasitoid abundance), invertebrate herbivore performance (piercing‐sucking herbivore abundance and branch‐boring and fruit‐boring percentage), pesticide input, and pear fruit yield were recorded. The results indicated that cover vegetation decreased herbivore abundance and boring percentage by 50% and 64%, respectively, thus decreasing pesticide use by 26%. We also found that cover vegetation increased the abundance of natural enemies by 621%, and increased pear fruit yield by 7%. Piecewise structural equation modelling confirmed that increased natural enemy densities, decreased herbivore performance by 102%, pesticide use by 51% and increased fruit yield by 10%. This study suggests that the use of ground cover vegetations, especially with clover and hairy vetch, is an effective way of promoting biocontrol services and associated ecosystem services in pear orchards.
Land reform and peacebuilding in Côte d'Ivoire: Navigating the minefield
Authors: Mitchell Matthew I. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article explores the complex links between land reform and peacebuilding through a case study of Côte d'Ivoire. The country provides fertile ground for analysis given its torturous history of land conflict and civil war, its enduring debates surrounding land reform, and its ongoing efforts to consolidate peace. The article argues that while the failure to address the agrarian dimensions of the country's longstanding conflict undermines long‐term prospects of bridging deep political and societal divides, aggressive attempts to tackle the land question at the outset of the peacebuilding process may have threatened the fragile peace of the post‐conflict period. The analysis thus highlights the political risks involved in undertaking land reform during periods of precarious peacebuilding. In so doing, the article draws upon insights from over 70 interviews with local stakeholders and document analysis of key primary documents from the Ivorian government, the United Nations Security Council, and the World Bank.
Edgework emotion management: A constructivist grounded theory of organ donation nurses’ experiences and practices
Authors: Avilés Lissette , Kean Susanne , Tocher Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore nurses’ experiences when approaching families for organ donation authorisation to guide nursing practice.BackgroundOrgan donation after brainstem death implies that bereaved families are approached to discuss organ donation authorisation, and in many countries, specialist nurses do this approach. The literature describes the social, psychological and emotional challenges of health professionals in this role. However, lack of conceptual clarity regarding nurses’ experiences on approaching families to guide nursing practice was found.DesignConstructivist grounded theory.MethodsBetween October 2017 and July 2019, seven months of observations were conducted across two large public hospitals in Chile. Field notes, documents (n = 80), interviews (n = 27) and focus groups (n = 14) with 71 participants (51 healthcare professionals and 20 bereaved families) were included. Data collection and analysis followed the principles and practices of Charmaz’ constructivist grounded theory. The COREQ checklist was followed in reporting the study.ResultsEdgework emotion management of organ donation nurses was developed as a threefold process: 1) being present to recognise inner and family emotions, 2) being on an emotional edge when approaching families and 3) extending the emotional edge to make sense of their experiences. The grounded theory was conceptualised using edgework emotion management by Lois (2003), which allowed to elucidate organ donation nurses’ experiences and practices on managing their emotions.ConclusionsOrgan donation nurses develop a sophisticated and complex emotional regulation process to approach and care for families when negotiating organ donation authorisation for transplantation.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe experiences of specialist organ donation nurses entail a sophisticated emotion management process, which may explain the complexities of a critical role within healthcare institutions. Findings can be locally and internationally used to understand, educate and guide nursing practice, in an area of increasing specialisation and staffing shortages such as organ donation and transplantation.