bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pan‐cancer analyses reveal genomics and clinical characteristics of the melatonergic regulators in cancer
Authors: Zhang Jian , Jiang Huali , Du Kunpeng , Xie Tao , Wang Baiyao , Chen Chengcong , Reiter Russel J. , Cen Bohong , Yuan Yawei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMelatonin, an endogenous hormone, plays protective roles in cancer. In addition to regulating circadian rhythms, sleep, and neuroendocrine activity, melatonin functions in various survival pathways. However, the mechanisms of melatonin regulation in cancer remain unknown. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive characterization of melatonin regulators in 9125 tumor samples across 33 cancer types using multi‐omic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. In the genomic landscape, we identified the heterozygous amplification of AANAT and GPR50, and heterozygous deletion of PER3, CYP2C19, and MTNR1A as the dominant alteration events. Expression analysis revealed methylation‐mediated downregulation of melatonergic regulator expression. In addition, we found that melatonergic regulator expression could be used to predict patient survival in various cancers. In depth, microRNA (miRNA) analysis revealed an miRNA‐mRNA interaction network, and the deregulated miRNAs were involved in melatonin secretion and metabolism by targeting circadian clock genes. Pathway analysis showed that melatonergic regulators were associated with inhibition of apoptosis, the cell cycle, the DNA damage response, and activation of RAS/MAPK and RTK signaling pathways. Importantly, by mining the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database, we discovered a number of potential drugs that might target melatonergic regulators. In summary, this study revealed the genomic alteration and clinical characteristics of melatonergic regulators across 33 cancers, which might clarify the relationship between melatonin and tumorigenesis. Our findings also might provide a novel approach for the clinical treatment of cancers.
(When) should psychology be a science?
Authors: Krpan Dario 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince its emergence in the 19th century, academic psychology has striven to become accepted as a scientific discipline. This emphasis on “science” has led to many unprecedented advancements in the understanding of human behavior. However, the view that psychology must be approached as a science has become ingrained in the field over time, and critically discussing the implications of this notion has turned into a taboo. In this article, I examine the benefits and limitations of applying the scientific paradigm to psychology, and I propose when it is not optimal to approach psychology as a science if the field is to maximize its potential. Importantly, I do not imply that practicing psychology as a “non‐science” means practicing it as a pseudoscience. Quite to the contrary, I argue that not always enforcing the scientific viewpoint can prevent pseudoscientific practices and make the field more scientific in the long run.
Doubts about Duty as a Secondary Motive
Authors: Isserow Jessica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany follow Kant in thinking that morally worthy actions must be carried out solely from the motive of duty. This outlook faces two challenges: (1) The One Feeling Too Few problem (actions that issue from, say, compassion also seem to have moral worth), and (2) The One Thought Too Many problem (some actions have moral worth precisely because they’re not motivated by duty). These challenges haven’t led Kantians to dispense with the motive of duty. Instead, they have proposed to push it into the background. We should not (the thought goes) construe duty as a primary motive, a consideration that motivates the agent to act. Duty is best thought of as a secondary motive, a background concern that constrains her choice. Since it is consistent with acting from duty at the secondary level that one is motivated at the primary level by compassion, this move is thought to overcome both challenges. In this paper, I argue that secondary motive views don’t live up to their stated ambitions. Such proposals either fail to make progress on issues with which primary motive views continue to grapple, or they render the motive of duty ill‐suited to underwrite a plausible account of moral worth.
Discovery of DNA polymorphisms via whole genome resequencing and their functional relevance in salinity stress response in chickpea
Authors: Rajkumar Mohan Singh , Jain Mukesh , Garg Rohini 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSalinity stress is one of the major constraints for plant growth and yield. The salinity stress response of different genotypes of crop plants may largely be governed by DNA polymorphisms. To determine the molecular genetic factors involved in salinity stress tolerance in chickpea, we performed a whole genome resequencing data analysis of three each of salinity‐sensitive and salinity‐tolerant genotypes. A total of 6173 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 920 insertions and deletions differentiating the chickpea genotypes with contrasting salinity stress responses were identified. Gene ontology analysis revealed the enrichment of functional terms related to stress response and development among the genes harboring DNA polymorphisms in their promoter and/or coding regions. DNA polymorphisms located within the cis‐regulatory motifs of the quantitative trait loci (QTL)‐associated and abiotic stress related genes were identified, which may influence salinity stress response via modulating binding affinity of the transcription factors. Several genes including QTL‐associated and abiotic stress response related genes harboring DNA polymorphisms exhibited differential expression in response to salinity stress especially at the reproductive stage of development in the salinity‐tolerant genotype. Furthermore, effects of non‐synonymous DNA polymorphisms on mutational sensitivity and structural integrity of the encoded proteins by the candidate QTL‐associated and abiotic stress response related genes were revealed. The results suggest that DNA polymorphisms may determine salinity stress response via influencing differential gene expression in genotype and/or stage‐dependent manner. Altogether, we provide a high‐quality set of DNA polymorphisms and candidate genes that may govern salinity stress tolerance in chickpea.
Psychophysiological evidence for fear extinction learning via mental imagery
Authors: Jiang Xinrui , Greening Steven G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImagery‐based extinction procedures have long been used in the treatments of fear‐related conditions. The assumption is that imagery can substitute for the perceptual stimuli in the extinction process. Yet, experimental validations of this assumption have been limited in number and some have relied exclusively on measures of autonomic reactivity without consideration of conscious feelings of fear. The current investigation sought to assess whether imagery‐based exposure could lead to extinction of conditioned fear to the corresponding perceptual stimulus. Conditioned fear responses were measured by both a physiological (i.e., skin conductance response [SCR]) and a subjective (i.e., self‐reported fear) measure. Participants (N = 56) first underwent perceptual differential fear conditioning, then imagery extinction, then perceptual extinction. SCR evidence was found for successful fear conditioning, generalization of fear from viewing to imagery, and most importantly, the absence of differential fear after imagery extinction upon re‐exposure to the conditioned perceptual stimulus. Self‐reported fear confirmed the acquisition and generalization of fear and provided evidence of a significant reduction in differential fear conditioning across extinction. Consistent with clinical evidence of the efficacy of imagery extinction and the existing limited experimental literature, this study offers support for fear extinction to perceptual stimuli via imagery exposure.
Developmental competence of heat stressed oocytes from Holstein and Limousine cows matured in vitro
Authors: Stamperna Konstantina , Dovolou Eleni , Giannoulis Themistoklis , Kalemkeridou Maria , Nanas Ioannis , Dadouli Katerina , Moutou Katerina , Mamuris Zissis , Amiridis Georgios S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe negative effects of heat stress on dairy cattle's fertility have been extensively studied, but the relevant knowledge for beef cattle is rather limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of HS during in vitro maturation on the developmental potential of oocytes derived from Limousine and Holstein cows and to estimate the effect of the differential gene expression of important genes in oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts in the growth competence between the breeds. In seven replicates, cumulus oocyte complexes from Holstein and Limousine cows were matured for 24 hr at 39°C (controls C; Hol_39, Lim_39) or at 41°C from hour 2 to hour 8 of IVM (treated T; Hol_41, Lim_41), fertilized, and presumptive zygotes were cultured for 9 days at 39°C. Cleavage and embryo formation rates were evaluated 48 hr post‐insemination and on days 7, 8 and 9, respectively. From all groups, subsets of cumulus cells, oocytes and blastocysts were analysed for the relative expression of genes related to metabolism, stress, apoptosis and placentation. No difference was detected in cleavage rate or in blastocyst formation rate among the control groups. In both breeds, heat stress reduced blastocyst yield, but at all days the suppression was higher in Limousines. In Holsteins, altered gene expression was detected in cumulus cells (G6PD, GLUT1) and blastocysts (PLAC8), while in Limousines, differences were found in oocytes (G6PD, HSP90AA1), in cumulus cells (CPT1B, HSP90AA1, SOD2) and blastocysts (DNMT, HSP90AA1, SOD2). It appears that Holstein COCs are more tolerant than Limousine COCs, possibly due to compulsory, production driven selection.
Innovation or implementation? Local response to low‐carbon policy experimentation in China
Authors: Guo Shihong , Song Qijiao , Qi Ye 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe low‐carbon pilot city project is a critical policy experimentation in China, which is designed to implement policy instruments and local initiatives for low‐carbon development targets. However, some scholars have argued that local pilots have not met the central government's expectation of policy innovation. The current literature mainly focuses on pathways at the national level and few studies have discussed how subnational authorities respond to the national goals. Through a case study, we present the actions and the political will of the local authorities and discuss the logic involved in the local government's response to the low‐carbon pilot city project. We conclude that the bottom‐up initiative has become a top‐down policy implementation process, which contributes little to the design of new and appropriate policy instruments and initiatives. The local government only “package up” the low‐carbon related policies responding to the country's requirement, showing less enthusiasm and political will toward low‐carbon development initiatives. This study contributes to subnational pathways of low‐carbon development and explores the responses and the political will of local government to policy experimentation.
Sequence‐based features that are determinant for tail‐anchored membrane protein sorting in eukaryotes
Authors: Fry Michelle Y. , Saladi Shyam M. , Cunha Alexandre , Clemons William M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe correct targeting and insertion of tail‐anchored (TA) integral membrane proteins is critical for cellular homeostasis. TA proteins are defined by a hydrophobic transmembrane domain (TMD) at their C‐terminus and are targeted to either the ER or mitochondria. Derived from experimental measurements of a few TA proteins, there has been little examination of the TMD features that determine localization. As a result, the localization of many TA proteins are misclassified by the simple heuristic of overall hydrophobicity. Because ER‐directed TMDs favor arrangement of hydrophobic residues to one side, we sought to explore the role of geometric hydrophobic properties. By curating TA proteins with experimentally determined localizations and assessing hypotheses for recognition, we bioinformatically and experimentally verify that a hydrophobic face is the most accurate singular metric for separating ER and mitochondria‐destined yeast TA proteins. A metric focusing on an 11 residue segment of the TMD performs well when classifying human TA proteins. The most inclusive predictor uses both hydrophobicity and C‐terminal charge in tandem. This work provides context for previous observations and opens the door for more detailed mechanistic experiments to determine the molecular factors driving this recognition.
Influence of Porosity on Fracture Toughness and Fracture Behavior of Antibiotic-Loaded PMMA Bone Cement
Authors: Kim Sunjung , Baril Caroline , Rudraraju Shiva , Ploeg Heidi-Lynn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aseptic loosening is the most common reason for the long-term revision of cemented arthroplasties with fracture of the cement being a postulated cause or contributing factor. In our previous studies we showed that adding an antibiotic to a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement led to detrimental effects on various mechanical properties of the cement such as bending strength, compressive strength and fracture toughness (KIC). This finding implied that the mechanical failure of antibiotic-loaded PMMA bone cement was influenced by its pore volume fraction. Up to now this aspect has not been studied. Hence the purposes of this study were to determine (1) the influence of antibiotic (telavancin) loading on the KIC of a widely used PMMA bone cement brand (Palacos®R) and (2) the influence of pore size and pore distribution on the fracture behavior of the KIC specimens. For (2) both experimental and numerical methods (extended finite element method [XFEM]) were used allowing a comparison between the two sets of results. We found that: (1) KIC decreased with increased porosity with the drop (relative to the value for the control cement) being significant when the telavancin loading was 4.8 wt/wt % (2 g of telavancin added to 40 g of control cement powder); (2) there was a critical pore size above which there was a significant decrease in KIC and is 1 mm; (3) crack propagation was strongly influenced by pore size and pore locations (pore–pore interactions); and, (4) there was good agreement between the experimental and XFEM results. The implications of these findings for the use of a telavancin-loaded PMMA bone cement in cemented total joint arthroplasties are commented upon.
Automated Procedure for Constructing ASME External Pressure Charts
Authors: Jawad Maan , Chen Xiaolin , Griffin Don 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
External pressure charts are used for the design of most components in pressure vessels and boilers. The external pressure charts developed by the ASME boiler and pressure vessel code in the past for various materials were constructed manually at a fairly long lead time. ASME recently undertook a project to computerize the procedure for constructing External Pressure Charts for new materials at a fraction of the previous construction time. The methodology, assumptions, advantages, and limitations of this procedure are described in this paper.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blair-DeLeon Nancy A. , Struck Christopher J. 
Published: July 2021

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To browse the latest copy of our catalog, visit our website at https://acousticalsociety.org/download-catalog/.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National Catalog of Acoustical Standards and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are also available via the ASA Standards home page: https://acousticalsociety.org/acoustical-society-standards/.
Redo mitral valve replacement using valve-on-valve technique in a patient with severe posterior mitral annular calcification
Authors: Al Kindi Adil H , Mandisha Ahmed Fahmy , Hammam Mohamed , Salem AbdelMaged 
Published: July 2021

Redo mitral valve replacement surgery due to bioprosthetic valve failure can carry serious surgical challenges. In addition to the usual redo sternotomy risk, there is risk of circumflex coronary artery injury or atrioventricular disruption from explanting the prosthesis. Alternatives to prosthesis explantation may be needed in some cases.We report a case of mitral bioprosthetic valve failure in a young patient who had a history of atrioventricular disruption during the first surgery and had pericardial patch repair of the defect. The risk of explanting the bioprosthesis during redo surgery was very high. Therefore, we performed valve replacement using valve-on-valve technique in which the new valve is implanted within the sewing ring of the previous bioprosthesis without explanting the valve. This technique converted a very highly futile surgery to a conventional redo surgery risk. The patient had a successful surgery with no intraoperative or postoperative complications.
Studying the $${\bar{D}}_1K$$ molecule in the Bethe–Salpeter equation approach
Authors: Qi Jing-Juan , Wang Zhen-Yang , Zhang Zhu-Feng , Guo Xin-Heng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe interpret the $$X_1(2900)$$

X
1

(
2900
)

as an S-wave $${\bar{D}}_1K$$

D

¯

1

K

molecular state in the Bethe–Salpeter equation approach with the ladder and instantaneous approximations for the kernel. By solving the Bethe–Salpeter equation numerically with the kernel containing one-particle-exchange diagrams and introducing three different form factors (monopole, dipole, and exponential form factors) in the verties, we find the bound state exists. We also study the decay width of the decay $$X_1(2900)$$

X
1

(
2900
)

to $$D^-K^+$$

D
-

K
+

.
The role of strangeness in chiral and $$U(1)_A$$ restoration
Authors: Gómez Nicola A. , Ruiz de Elvira J. , Vioque-Rodríguez A. , Álvarez-Herrero D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe use recently derived Ward identities and lattice data for the light- and strange-quark condensates to reconstruct the scalar and pseudoscalar susceptibilities ($$\chi _S^\kappa $$

χ
S
κ

, $$\chi _P^K$$

χ
P
K

) in the isospin 1/2 channel. We show that $$\chi _S^\kappa $$

χ
S
κ

develops a maximum above the QCD chiral transition, after which it degenerates with $$\chi _P^K$$

χ
P
K

. We also obtain $$\chi _S^\kappa $$

χ
S
κ

within Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory (UChPT) at finite temperature, when it is saturated with the $$K_0^*(700)$$

K
0
∗

(
700
)

(or $$\kappa $$
κ
) meson, the dominant lowest-energy state in the isospin 1/2 scalar channel of $$\pi K$$

π
K

scattering. Such UChPT result reproduces the expected peak structure, revealing the importance of thermal interactions, and makes it possible to examine the $$\chi _S^\kappa $$

χ
S
κ

dependence on the light- and strange-quark masses. A consistent picture emerges controlled by the $$m_l/m_s$$

m
l

/

m
s

ratio that allows one studying $$K-\kappa $$

K
-
κ

degeneration in the chiral, two-flavor and SU(3) limits. These results provide an alternative sign for $$O(4)\times U(1)_A$$

O

(
4
)

×
U

(
1
)

A

restoration that can be explored in lattice simulations and highlight the role of strangeness, which regulated by the strange-quark condensate helps to reconcile the current tension among lattice results regarding $$U(1)_A$$

U

(
1
)

A

restoration.
Targeting c-Myc to Overcome Acquired Resistance of EGFR Mutant NSCLC Cells to the Third-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Osimertinib
Authors: Zhu Lei , Chen Zhen , Zang Hongjing , Fan Songqing , Gu Jiajia , Zhang Guojing , Sun Kevin D.-Y. , Wang Qiming , He Yong , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Sun Shi-Yong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Osimertinib (AZD9291 or TAGRISSO) is a promising and approved third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for treating patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-activating mutations or the resistant T790M mutation. However, the inevitable emergence of acquired resistance limits its long-term efficacy. A fuller understanding of the mechanism of action of osimertinib and its linkage to acquired resistance will enable the development of more efficacious therapeutic strategies. Consequently, we have identified a novel connection between osimertinib or other EGFR-TKIs and c-Myc. Osimertinib rapidly and sustainably decreased c-Myc levels primarily via enhancing protein degradation in EGFR-mutant (EGFRm) NSCLC cell lines and xenograft tumors. c-Myc levels were substantially elevated in different EGFRm NSCLC cell lines with acquired resistance to osimertinib in comparison with their corresponding parental cell lines and could not be reduced any further by osimertinib. Consistently, c-Myc levels were elevated in the majority of EGFRm NSCLC tissues relapsed from EGFR-TKI treatment compared with their corresponding untreated baseline c-Myc levels. Suppression of c-Myc through knockdown or pharmacologic targeting with BET inhibitors restored the response of resistant cell lines to osimertinib. These findings indicate that c-Myc modulation mediates the therapeutic efficacy of osimertinib and the development of osimertinib acquired resistance. Furthermore, they establish c-Myc as a potential therapeutic target and warrant clinical testing of BET inhibition as a potential strategy to overcome acquired resistance to osimertinib or other EGFR inhibitors.

Significance:
This study demonstrates a critical role of c-Myc modulation in mediating therapeutic efficacy of osimertinib including osimertinib acquired resistance and suggests targeting c-Myc as a potential strategy to overcome osimertinib acquired resistance.
Fighting Liver Metastasis by Activating MAIT Cells
Authors: Lantz Olivier 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

In this issue, Ruf and colleagues show that antigen stimulation of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the presence of the TLR9 ligand CpG decreases intrahepatic tumor growth, suggesting that MAIT cells could be used as an antitumor tool.
See related article by Ruf et al., p. 1024 (3).