bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dry Fractionation Approach in Concentrating Tocopherols and Tocotrienols from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate: A Green Pretreatment Process for Vitamin E Extraction
Authors: Ngoc Doan Phuong‐Anh , Tan Tzyi‐Horng , Siow Lee Fong , Tey Beng Ti , Chan Eng Seng , Tang Teck‐Kim , Abdul Karim Nur Azwani , Phuah Eng‐Tong , Lee Yee‐Ying 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPalm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a rich source of vitamin E. As compared to other vegetable oil, PFAD has higher tocotrienol (70–80%) over tocopherol content, which makes it a valuable source for vitamin E extraction. Current vitamin E extraction methods are not sustainable due to the intensive usage of chemical and high operational cost. Hence, the present study investigated for the first time using dry fractionation process as a green and economical pretreatment method for separating solid fraction (stearin) and liquid fraction (olein) in order to concentrate vitamin E from PFAD in olein fraction. We examined the dry fractionation conditions: crystallization ending temperature (36–44 °C), cooling rate (0.3 and 1.5°C min−1), stirring speed (20–125 rpm), and holding time (0–60 min) on the composition of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids as well as vitamin E content in liquid fraction (olein) and solid fraction (stearin) using gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In most of these conditions, vitamin E was ultimately higher in olein fraction as compared to stearin fraction, which is correlated with the high degree of unsaturation. Under a cooling rate of 0.3°C min−1, 90 rpm stirring speed, and ending crystallization of 38 °C, the highest vitamin E rich olein fraction was attained with 1479 ± 10.51 ppm in 50 g olein fraction as compared to 1366 ± 7.94 ppm in 500 g of unfractionated PFAD.
Numerical simulation and performance evaluation of cyclone separator with built‐in material for sand removal in gas well
Authors: Liang Huizhen , Huang Changcheng , Zhao Binjie , Song Hao , Jiang Xiukun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe natural gas produced from gas wells contains a lot of fine gravel impurities, which causes the blockage of precision pressure regulating equipment and metering equipment. Cyclone separator is widely used in the field of natural gas surface sand removal because of its simple structure and high separation efficiency. In the field application of traditional cyclone separators, there are some problems, such as ineffective separation of fine sand particles in natural gas, low separation efficiency, and large energy loss. In order to solve the above problems, a new cyclone separator is designed in this paper; that is, a cone built‐in object is arranged inside the traditional separator to improve the separation efficiency and reduce the pressure drop. First, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by comparing the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results of the traditional separator with the experimental results. Second, the performance indexes of the new separator and the traditional separator under specific working conditions are simulated and compared. The conclusions are as follows: compared with the traditional separator, the new separator can improve the tangential velocity of the outer cyclone. It has obvious separation effect on small particles, and the separation particle size ratio can be reduced by 47.83%. The pressure drop of the separator is reduced by 11.42%. While the separation efficiency and precision are improved, the overall performance of the separator is also improved and the energy consumption is reduced.
Base‐ and Metal‐Dependent Self‐Assembly of Lathanide‐Organic Coordination Polymers or Macrocycles with Tetradentate Acylhydrazone‐based Ditopic Ligands
Authors: Feng Xiao‐Shan , Li Xiao‐Zhen , Hu Shao‐Jun , Yan Dan‐Ni , Zhou Li‐Peng , Sun Qing‐Fu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a comprehensive study on the lanthanide‐directed coordination self‐assembly with two bis‐tetradentate acylhydrazone ligands H4L1 and H4L2. Multifarious outcomes, which are base‐ and metal‐dependent, were revealed by NMR, ESI‐TOF‐MS and X‐ray crystallography. In the absence of base, bent H4L1 was assembled into dinuclear double‐strand helicate Ln2(H2L1)2 by partially‐deprotonated assembly with La, Sm or Eu, while trinuclear Ln3(H2L1)3 with Yb or Lu. For linear H4L2, infinite 1D zig‐zag metal‐organic polymeric chain (Ln2H2L2)n was obtained. However, complete deprotonated L1 and L2 assembled into discrete trinuclear Ln3(L1/2)3 and tetranuclear Ln4(L1/2)4 macrocyclic structures under the basic condition. For these, there are multiple possible isomers coexisting in the solution which were enumerated and simulated with molecular mechanic modeling. Visible‐light sensitized NIR emissions on the Yb complexes have been observed, endowing them potential application in photofunctional materials.
Observer for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems with multiple time‐varying delays in the nonlinear measured outputs
Authors: Targui B. , Hernández‐González O. , Astorga‐Zaragoza C.M. , Guerrero‐Sánchez M.E. , Valencia‐Palomo G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a novel chain observer for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems where the nonlinear measured outputs are corrupted by multiple time‐varying long delays. The main contribution is to synthesize a chain observer for a wider class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems with multiple outputs (described by Lipschitz nonlinear functions) with long time‐varying delays. In the design of the proposed observation scheme, the provided observer is comprised of a chain of state observers, where each one has a similar structure. Each observer is tasked to estimate the state over a short time horizon, whereas the first item of the chain provides the actual state estimation. Moreover, each item of the chain observer furnishes a proportional‐integral dynamical term which allows to compensate for the time‐delay effect. The observer gains are obtained from the solution of a set of delay‐dependent Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs), which is based on less restrictive LMI synthesis conditions. The convergence analysis relies on a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, which demonstrates that the observation error decays to zero. Numerical examples are given, in order to highlight the effectiveness of the provided observer.
Design and optimizing a new CDP‐choline in vitro multienzyme producing process starts from d‐ribose
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Qu Mingjin , Liu Yingmiao , Wang Junzhi , Ying Hanjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work designs an in vitro multienzyme system to produce CDP‐choline from d‐ribose and develop an optimization procedure for one‐pot multienzyme catalytic system. The entire process integrated 10 enzymes, and an efficient acetate kinase/acetyl phosphate‐based ATP regeneration module was applied. Then, some optimizations to this system were made including selecting optimum enzyme building blocks and improving expression parameters. The process improved the final yield of CDP‐choline from 0.2 to 6 g/L (CDP‐choline titer 12.2 mM). This new one‐pot CDP‐choline producing system has a potential for industrial use, and the optimization procedure shed light on improving other one‐pot multienzyme system for industrial production of energy rich compounds.
What Can Text Mining Tell Us About Lithium‐Ion Battery Researchers’ Habits?
Authors: El‐Bousiydy Hassna , Lombardo Teo , Primo Emiliano N. , Duquesnoy Marc , Morcrette Mathieu , Johansson Patrik , Simon Patrice , Grimaud Alexis , Franco Alejandro A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is an effort run by the group of Alejandro A. Franco and made in collaboration with Mathieu Morcrette, Patrik Johansson, Patrice Simon and Alexis Grimaud. The Front Cover illustrates an ideal scientific literature, in which all the data are systematically disclosed and available for researchers, together with artificial intelligence algorithms bringing new light on battery research and researchers. Read the full text of the Concept at 10.1002/batt.202000288.
Theoretical Study of the Resveratrol Adsorption on B12N12 and Mg‐Decoration B12N12 Fullerenes
Authors: Sheikhi Masoome , Azarakhshi Fatemeh , Tafreshi Elnaz Sarabadani , Kaviani Sadegh , Shahab Siyamak , Ahmadianarog Mahin 
Published: April 2021

The adsorption of Resveratrol (RSV) drug on surfaces of the pure B12N12 and Mg‐decoration B12N12 fullerenes at physiological PH was studied using density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory methods at the B3PW91/6‐31+G* level at T = 298.15 K and 1 atm in the solvent (water) with a dielectric constant of 78.4. The adsorption energy (Eads) of RSV on two fullerenes have investigated through hydroxyl (‐OH) groups. The adsorption effect of the RSV on the bond lengths, electronic properties, UV spectra, and excited states of B12N12 and Mg‐B12N12 is detected. Natural bond orbital analysis shows a charge transfer between the RSV and two fullerenes. The electron location function (ELF) and localized orbital locator (LOL) values show that interaction between reactive atoms of RSV (O atoms) and B atom of B12N12 are an electrostatic and partially covalent character. The study interaction of RSV with the B12N12 and Mg‐decoration B12N12 can be used in the field of drug delivery and adsorption on metal surfaces.
A Mitochondria‐Specific Orange/Near‐Infrared‐Emissive Fluorescent Probe for Dual‐Imaging of Viscosity and H2O2 in Inflammation and Tumor Models
Authors: Fan Li , Zan Qi , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Shuohang , Zhang Yuewei , Dong Wenjuan , Shuang Shaomin , Dong Chuan 
Published: April 2021

Main observation and conclusionElucidating the intrinsic relationship between viscosity/H2O2 and mitochondria‐associated diseases remains a great challenge owing to the lack of research on multiple diseases models, such as inflammation and malignant tumor models. In this work, we have developed a mitochondria‐specific orange/near‐infrared‐emissive fluorescent probe TTPB, for dual‐imaging of viscosity and H2O2 levels in two different channels. The probe exhibited a remarkable response to viscosity with NIR emission round 666 nm, and was highly sensitive to H2O2 in orange channel with emission peak at 586 nm. Moreover, TTPB has good mitochondria‐specific ability and permits individual detecting of viscosity in NIR channels and H2O2 levels in orange channel in living cells. More notably, TTPB was successfully applied to simultaneously image the viscosity and H2O2 levels in inflammation and cancer models.
Soft fusion‐based cooperative spectrum sensing using particle swarm optimization for cognitive radio networks incyber‐physicalsystems
Authors: Zhang Jianquan , Xiao Xiao 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAs a multi‐dimensional complex system, Cyber physical systems (CPS) integrates computing, network, and physical environment. How to effectively fuse the local detection results is the key to improve the sensing performance in CPS. In order to improve the spectrum sensing performance of cognitive radio, a soft fusion‐based cooperative spectrum sensing using particle swarm optimization (PSO) for cognitive radio networks is proposed. To find the optimal weighting coefficient of soft fusion, the traditional PSO algorithm is investigated and improved. To further reduce the local convergence of PSO and accelerate the convergence speed of the algorithm, the immune algorithm is introduced and chaotic sequence mechanism is applied to ensure the diversity of the particles. Moreover, the inertia weight is adjusted adaptively according to the convergence of particles so as to maintain the tradeoff between the search ability and the convergence of particles. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve fast convergence in CPS. Compared with other typical methods, it can obtain better sensing performance under different signal‐to‐noise ratio environments and the constraint of false alarm probability.
Organelle‐Selective Labeling of Choline‐Containing Phospholipids (CPLs) and Real‐Time Imaging in Living Cells
Authors: Tsuchiya Masaki , Tamura Tomonori , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCholine‐containing phospholipids (CPLs), including phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM), are the major components of mammalian cell membranes and play critical roles during a variety of cellular processes. However, intracellular dynamics of CPLs is poorly understood due to a lack of methods to trace CPL trafficking at organelle resolution. Here, we describe protocols that make it possible to fluorescently label CPLs at the targeted organelles and to monitor their movement within living cells using confocal microscopy. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: ER‐Golgi‐selective labeling of azide‐tagged CPLs for confocal imagingBasic Protocol 2: Mitochondria‐selective labeling of azide‐tagged CPLs for confocal imaging
Identification of Active Sites for CO2 Reduction on Graphene‐Supported Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Kang Youngho , Kang Sungwoo , Han Seungwu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTransition metal‐ and nitrogen‐codoped graphene (referred to as M−N−G, where M is a transition metal) has emerged as an important type of single‐atom catalysts with high selectivities and activities for electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) to CO. However, despite extensive previous studies on the catalytic origin, the active site in M−N−G catalysts remains puzzling. In this study, density functional theory calculations and computational hydrogen electrode model is used to investigate CO2R reaction energies on Zn−N−G, which exhibits outstanding catalytic performance, and to examine kinetic barriers of reduction reactions by using the climbing image nudged elastic band method. We find that single Zn atoms binding to N and C atoms in divacancy sites of graphene cannot serve as active sites to enable CO production, owing to *OCHO formation (* denotes an adsorbate) at an initial protonation process. This contradicts the widely accepted CO2R mechanism whereby single metal atoms are considered catalytic sites. In contrast, the C atom that is the nearest neighbor of the single Zn atom (CNN) is found to be highly active and the Zn atom plays a role as an enhancer of the catalytic activity of the CNN. Detailed analysis of the CO2R pathway to CO on the CNN site reveals that *COOH is favorably formed at an initial electrochemical step, and every reaction step becomes downhill in energy at small applied potentials of about −0.3 V with respect to reversible hydrogen electrode. Electronic structure analysis is also used to elucidate the origin of the CO2R activity of the CNN site.
Utility of an immunocytochemical analysis for pan‐Trk in the cytodiagnosis of secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland
Authors: Ito Hiroko , Ishida Mitsuaki , Ebisu Yusuke , Okano Kimiaki , Sandoh Kaori , Noda Yuri , Miyasaka Chika , Fujisawa Takuo , Yagi Masao , Iwai Hiroshi , Tsuta Koji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSecretory carcinoma (SC) of the salivary gland is a rare distinct clinicopathological entity characterized by the presence of the ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion. Although the characteristic cytological features of SC have been recognized, its cytodiagnosis, especially differentiating SC from acinic cell carcinoma, is challenging. Recent studies have revealed that immunohistochemistry for pan‐tyrosine receptor kinase (Trk) and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group member 3 (NR4A3) are specific for SC and acinic cell carcinoma, respectively. However, the usefulness of immunocytochemical detection of these markers in the diagnosis of SC has not been addressed. Hence, the present study aimed to analyze the usefulness of immunocytochemical staining for pan‐Trk and NR4A3 in the cytodiagnosis of SC. We enrolled eight patients with a histopathological diagnosis of SC who underwent preoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytological examination. The cytological characteristics were reviewed and immunocytochemical staining for pan‐Trk and NR4A3 was performed. The characteristic cytological features noted in the patient cohort included neoplastic cell clusters with a sheet‐like and papillary cluster arrangement as well as single cells. Additionally, neoplastic cells with mild to moderately enlarged nuclei and small nucleoli, multi‐vacuolated cytoplasm, and intracytoplasmic mucin were also observed. The immunocytochemical analyses clearly demonstrated that all eight specimens showed positive nuclear staining for pan‐Trk, but were negative for NR4A3 expression. Although all cases of SC do not always show positive immunoreactivity for pan‐Trk, immunocytochemical analysis for pan‐Trk may be useful for the cytodiagnosis of SC along with assessment of the characteristic cytological features.
Conversion of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage to endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage
Authors: Morita Shinichi , Sugawara Shunsuke , Suda Takeshi , Hoshi Takahiro , Abe Satoshi , Yagi Kazuyoshi , Terai Shuji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionPercutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is a useful alternative treatment for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) when patients have difficulty with endoscopic transpapillary drainage. We examined the feasibility of conversion of PTBD to endoscopic ultrasound‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) in patients with MBO unsuited for endoscopic transpapillary biliary drainage.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients who underwent conversion of PTBD to EUS‐BD between March 2017 and December 2019. Eligible patients had unresectable MBO, required palliative biliary drainage, and were not suited for endoscopic transpapillary drainage. Initial PTBD had been performed for acute cholangitis or obstructive jaundice in all patients. EUS‐BD was performed following improvements in cholangitis. Sixteen patients underwent conversion of PTBD to EUS‐BD. We evaluated technical success, procedure time, clinical success (defined as subsequent external catheter removal), adverse events (AEs), time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO), and re‐intervention rates.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in all patients (100%). The median procedure time was 45.0 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 30.0–50.0 minutes). Clinical success was achieved in all patients (100%). There were mild early AEs in two patients (12.5%) (acute cholangitis: 1, bile peritonitis: 1), which improved with antibiotic administration alone. Recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) occurred in six patients (37.5%). Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed a 50% TRBO of 95 days (IQR 41–246 days). Endoscopic treatment was possible in all RBO cases, and repeat PTBD was not required.ConclusionsConversion of PTBD to EUS‐BD for the management of MBO is both feasible and safe. This approach is expected to be widely practiced at centers with little experience in EUS‐BD.
Anti‐nociceptive effects of oxytocin receptor modulation in healthy volunteers–A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Biurrun Manresa José A. , Schliessbach Jürg , Vuilleumier Pascal H. , Müller Monika , Musshoff Frank , Stamer Ulrike , Stüber Frank , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Curatolo Michele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence for oxytocin as a neurotransmitter in spinal nociceptive processes. Hypothalamic oxytocinergic neurons project to the spinal dorsal horn, where they activate GABA‐ergic inhibitory interneurons. The present study tested whether the long‐acting oxytocin‐analogue carbetocin has anti‐nociceptive effects in multi‐modal experimental pain in humans.MethodsTwenty‐five male volunteers received carbetocin 100 mcg and placebo (0.9% NaCl) on two different sessions in a randomized, double‐blinded, cross‐over design. Multi‐modal quantitative sensory testing (QST) including a model of capsaicin‐induced hyperalgesia and allodynia were performed at baseline and at 10, 60 and 120 min after drug administration. QST data were analysed using mixed linear and logistic regression models. Carbetocin plasma concentrations and oxytocin receptor genotypes were quantified and assessed in an exploratory fashion.ResultsAn anti‐nociceptive effect of carbetocin was observed on intramuscular electrical temporal summation (estimated difference: 1.26 mA, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.56 mA, p = .04) and single‐stimulus electrical pain thresholds (estimated difference: 1.21 mA, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.47 mA, p = .05). Furthermore, the area of capsaicin‐induced allodynia was reduced after carbetocin compared to placebo (estimated difference: −6.5 cm2, 95% CI −9.8 to −3.2 cm2, p < .001).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of an anti‐nociceptive effect of carbetocin on experimental pain in humans.SignificanceThis study provides evidence of the anti‐nociceptive effect of intravenous administration of the oxytocin agonist carbetocin in healthy male volunteers.
Experimental and CFD simulation study on anaerobic digestion using dextran pharmaceutical wastewater based on cyclic fluidization hydraulic mixing
Authors: Xu Langui , Yang Luqian , Guo Shurui , Zhou Jiawei , Luo Tao , Ran Yi , Li Jiang , Long Enshen , Mei Zili , Huang Ruyi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPharmaceutical wastewater is a kind of high‐hazardous waste. To realize non‐waste production, experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were performed to reveal the hydraulic mechanism of mixing modes. Three digesters, numbered 0# (no‐port), 1# (one‐port), and 4# (four‐port), were conducted by dextran pharmaceutical wastewater. Digester 0# is the control group without mixing. Mixing mode of bottom inlet and high‐position outlet is employed to 1# and 4#, the outlets of 1# and 4# are centralized outlet with only one port and distributed outlets with four ports, respectively. Experiment result shows the daily biogas production of 1# and 4# are 45% and 58% higher than 0#, and the pollutants removal rate increased 20% and 24%, respectively. CFD simulation shows the second phase (dextran wastewater) of 4# failing to form a complete hydraulic path like the first phase (water), which explain the mixing modes can greatly improve the biogas yield, but the four‐port mode has a weaker advantage than the one‐port.
Mapping potential surface ponding in agriculture using UAV‐SfM
Authors: Straffelini Eugenio , Cucchiaro Sara , Tarolli Paolo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmong the environmental problems that could affect agriculture, one of the most critical is ponding. This may be defined as water storage on the surface in concavities and depressions due to soil saturation. Stagnant water can seriously affect crops and the management of agricultural landscapes. It is mainly caused by prolonged rainfall events, soil type, or wrong mechanization practices, which cause soil compaction. To better understand this problem and thus provide adequate solutions to reduce the related risk, high‐resolution topographic information could be strategically important because it offers an accurate representation of the surface morphology. In the last decades, new remote sensing techniques provide interesting opportunities to understand the processes on the Earth's surface based on geomorphic signatures. Among these, Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), combined with the structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique, represent a solid, low‐cost, rapid, and flexible solution for geomorphological analysis.This study aims to present a new approach to detect the potential areas exposed to water stagnation at the farm scale. The high‐resolution digital elevation model (DEM) from UAV‐SfM data is used to do this. The potential water depth was calculated in the DEM using the relative elevation attribute algorithm. The detection of more pronounced concavities and convexities allowed an estimation and mapping of the potential ponding conditions. The results were assessed by observations and field measurements and are promising, showing a Cohen's k(X) accuracy of 0.683 for the planimetric extent of the ponding phenomena and a Pearson's rxy coefficient of 0.971 for the estimation of pond water depth. The proposed workflow provides a useful indication to stakeholders for better agricultural management in lowland landscapes.