bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of low‐carbohydrate diets on the metabolic response to androgen‐deprivation therapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Chi Jen‐Tsan , Lin Pao‐Hwa , Tolstikov Vladimir , Oyekunle Taofik , Galvan Gloria C. , Ramirez‐Torres Adela , Chen Emily Y. , Bussberg Valerie , Chi Bo , Greenwood Bennett , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Narain Niven R. , Kiebish Michael A. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PC) is the second most lethal cancer for men. For metastatic PC, standard first‐line treatment is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). While effective, ADT has many metabolic side effects. Previously, we found in serum metabolome analysis that ADT reduced androsterone sulfate, 3‐hydroxybutyric acid, acyl‐carnitines but increased serum glucose. Since ADT reduced ketogenesis, we speculate that low‐carbohydrate diets (LCD) may reverse many ADT‐induced metabolic abnormalities in animals and humans.MethodsIn a multicenter trial of patients with PC initiating ADT randomized to no diet change (control) or LCD, we previously showed that LCD intervention led to significant weight loss, reduced fat mass, improved insulin resistance, and lipid profiles. To determine whether and how LCD affects ADT‐induced metabolic changes, we analyzed serum metabolites after 3‐, and 6‐months of ADT on LCD versus control.ResultsWe found androsterone sulfate was most consistently reduced by ADT and was slightly further reduced in the LCD arm. Contrastingly, LCD intervention increased 3‐hydroxybutyric acid and various acyl‐carnitines, counteracting their reduction during ADT. LCD also reversed the ADT‐reduced lactic acid, alanine, and S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM), elevating glycolysis metabolites and alanine. While the degree of androsterone reduction by ADT was strongly correlated with glucose and indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde, LCD disrupted such correlations.ConclusionsTogether, LCD intervention significantly reversed many ADT‐induced metabolic changes while slightly enhancing androgen reduction. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether LCD can mitigate ADT‐linked comorbidities and possibly delaying disease progression by further lowering androgens.
Characterization of tumor‐associated macrophages in prostate cancer transgenic mouse models
Authors: de Groot Amber E. , Myers Kayla V. , Krueger Timothy E. G. , Kiemen Ashley L. , Nagy Natalia H. , Brame Alexandria , Torres Vicente E. , Zhang Zhongyuan , Trabzonlu Levent , Brennen W. Nathaniel , Wirtz Denis , De Marzo Angelo M. , Amend Sarah R. , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in prostate cancer. Commonly used orthotopic models do not accurately reflect the complete TME of a human patient or the natural initiation and progression of a tumor. Therefore, genetically engineered mouse models are essential for studying the TME as well as advancing TAM‐targeted therapies. Two common transgenic (TG) models of prostate cancer are Hi‐Myc and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP), but the TME and TAM characteristics of these models have not been well characterized.MethodsTo advance the Hi‐Myc and TRAMP models as tools for TAM studies, macrophage infiltration and characteristics were assessed using histopathologic, flow cytometric, and expression analyses in these models at various timepoints during tumor development and progression.ResultsIn both Hi‐Myc and TRAMP models, macrophages adopt a more pro‐tumor phenotype in higher histological grade tumors and in older prostate tissue. However, the Hi‐Myc and TRAMP prostates differ in their macrophage density, with Hi‐Myc tumors exhibiting increased macrophage density and TRAMP tumors exhibiting decreased macrophage density compared to age‐matched wild type mice.ConclusionsThe macrophage density and the adenocarcinoma cancer subtype of Hi‐Myc appear to better mirror patient tumors, suggesting that the Hi‐Myc model is the more appropriate in vivo TG model for studying TAMs and TME‐targeted therapies.
Clinical parameters and nomograms for predicting lymph node metastasis detected with 68Ga‐PSMA‐PET/CT in prostate cancer patients candidate to definitive radiotherapy
Authors: Onal Cem , Ozyigit Gokhan , Oymak Ezgi , Guler Ozan Cem , Hurmuz Pervin , Tilki Burak , Reyhan Mehmet , Tuncel Murat , Akyol Fadil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundDefining the extent of disease spread with imaging modalities is crucial for therapeutic decision‐making and definition of treatment. This study aimed to investigate whether clinical parameters and nomograms predict prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐positive lymph nodes in treatment‐naïve nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PC) patients.Materials and MethodsThe clinical data of 443 PC patients (83.3% high‐risk and 16.7% intermediate‐risk) were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with areas under the curve (AUC) were generated to evaluate the accuracy of clinical parameters (prostate‐specific antigen [PSA], T stage, Gleason score [GS], International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade) and nomograms (Roach formula [RF], Yale formula [YF], and a new formula [NF]) in predicting lymph node metastasis. The AUCs of the various parameters and clinical nomograms were compared using ROC and precision‐recall (PR) curves.ResultsA total of 288 lymph node metastases were identified in 121 patients (27.3%) using 68Ga‐PSMA‐11‐positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Most PSMA‐avid lymph node metastases occurred in external or internal iliac lymph nodes (142; 49.3%). Clinical T stage, PSA, GS, and ISUP grade were significantly associated with PSMA‐positive lymph nodes according to univariate logistic regression analysis. The PSMA‐positive lymph nodes were more frequently detected in patients with PSA >20 ng/ml, GS ≥7 or high risk disease compared to their counterparts. The clinical T stage, serum PSA level, GS, and ISUP grade showed similar accuracy in predicting PSMA‐positive metastasis, with AUC values ranging from 0.675 to 0.704. The median risks for PSMA‐positive lymph nodes according to the RF, YF, and NF were 31.3% (range: 12.3%–100%), 22.3% (range: 4.7%–100%), and 40.5% (range: 12.3%–100%), respectively. The AUC values generated from ROC and PR curve analyses were similar for all clinical nomograms, although the RF and YF had higher accuracy compared to NF.ConclusionThe clinical T stage, PSA, GS, and ISUP grade are independent predictors of PSMA‐positive lymph nodes. The RF and YF can be used to identify patients who can benefit from 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET/CT for the detection of lymph node metastasis. Together with nomograms, 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET/CT images help to localize PSMA‐positive lymph node metastases and can thus assist in surgery and radiotherapy planning.
Fallow management input strategies for weed management in Florida cabbage production
Authors: Sharpe Shaun M , Boyd Nathan S , Dittmar Peter J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFallow period weed management is an important Florida production consideration due to its duration and impact on the cash crop. Cover cropping is a valuable summer fallow period option for weed suppression. Sorghum‐sudangrass is a commonly used, competitive, and allelopathic Florida summer cover crop. The effect of increased seeding rate, a herbicide application, and added fertilizer inputs during the fallow period on the cover crop, weed populations, and cabbage yield was explored and compared to nontreated and chemical fallow controls.RESULTSIncreased sorghum‐sudangrass seeding rates had no effect on the resultant stand density or biomass compared to the standard seeding rate. Cover cropping did not consistently suppress purple nutsedge, Florida pusley, or wild radish and added fertilizer inputs produced variable results. S‐metolachlor enhanced purple nutsedge suppression at low densities but did not improve grass, wild radish, and Florida pusley suppression.CONCLUSIONSIncreased fallow management inputs did not consistently enhance weed suppression or provide benefit to the cash crop. Sorghum‐sudangrass suppressed Poaceae densities during the fallow period but did not adequately suppress nutsedge, wild radish, or Florida pusley densities over time. We conclude that weed management inputs should be focused on the cash crop and that enhanced management during the fallow period has limited benefit. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Living in two countries: Transnational living as an alternative to migration
Authors: Carling Jørgen , Erdal Marta Bivand , Talleraas Cathrine 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAfter three decades of scholarship, transnationalism remains understood as connections between people who have migrated and people who remain in the country of origin. Such ties are important and prevalent. But perhaps a radical extension of transnationalism is also warranted: There are people who are neither ‘migrants’ nor ‘non‐migrants’ but lead transnational lives that evade these categories. In such cases, transnationalism is not a consequence of migration, but rather a fundamental challenge to it. This article connects the established literature on transnationalism with this potentially significant perspective. We draw on the phrase ‘living in two countries’, which incorporates the tensions and contradictions that transnational living entails. Drawing upon diverse empirical data, we ask how we might identify lives that span two countries and, how such lives are differentiated, and why they are significant even if they are rare.
Accuracy and deviation analysis of robot‐assisted spinal implants: A retrospective overview of 105 cases and preliminary comparison to open freehand surgery in lumbar spondylolisthesis
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Hao , Zhang Lu , Kong Meng , Zhu Kai , Zhou Chuan‐li , Ma Xue‐xiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhether the accuracy of robot‐assisted spinal screw placement is significantly higher than that of freehand and the source of robotic deviation remain unclear.MethodsClinical data of 105 patients who underwent robot‐assisted spinal surgery was collected, and screw accuracy was evaluated by computed tomography according to the modified Gertzbein–Robbins classification. Patients were grouped by percutaneous and open surgery. Intergroup comparisons of clinical and screw accuracy parameters were performed. Reasons for deviation were determined. Thirty‐one patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis undergoing open robot‐assisted surgery and the same number of patients treated by open freehand surgery were compared for screw accuracy.ResultsScrew accuracy was not significantly different between the percutaneous and open groups in both intra‐ and postoperative evaluations. Tool skiving was identified as the main cause of deviation. The proportion of malpositioned screws (grade B + C + D) was significantly higher in the freehand group than in the robot‐assisted group. However, remarkably malpositioned (grade C + D) screws showed no significant differences between the groups. No revision surgery was necessary.ConclusionsRobot‐assisted spinal instrumentation manifests high accuracy and low incidence of nerve injury. Tool skiving is a major cause of implant deviation.
Tracking control of uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems with fading and saturating actuations: A low‐cost neuroadaptive proportional‐integral‐derivative approach
Authors: Liu Huan , Gao Zhen , Cao Lan , Jiang Ziqiang , Zhang Jie , Song Yongduan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany important engineering systems can be classified as Euler–Lagrange (EL) systems. In this work we develop a new Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) ‐based tracking control solution for uncertain EL systems subject to actuation failures and saturation. Two set of control algorithms are developed using robust adaptive and neuroadaptive methods, which are shown to exhibit several salient features: (1) the control schemes are of PID form, hence is characterized with simplicity in structure and intuition in concept; (2) the PID gains in the scheme are automatically updated by analytic algorithms with no need for manual tuning, rendering the control scheme more user‐friendly; and (3) the developed control algorithms are robust against nonvanishing disturbances, adaptive to unknown virtual parameter and immune to partial actuation effectiveness faults.
Study of Local Reactivity of Isatoic Anhydride Applying Quantum Molecular Similarity
Authors: Guerrero Tomás , Juárez‐Cerrillo Sergio F. , Matus Myrna H. , Durand‐Niconoff José Sergio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIsatoic anhydride (ISA) is a versatile molecule which is known as a chemical precursor for a myriad of materials and pharmaceuticals. Its reactivity is governed by the chemistry of the heterocyclic ring, being the nucleophilic attack, a characteristic reaction which explains the ring opening and functionalization of this intermediary; in contrast, the electrophilic attack is useful to functionalize the amide‐like moiety within the heterocyclic ring, as well as some positions of the benzenic moiety. In this work, a theoretical study of ISA and a series of substituted derivatives, as well as the consequent influence on the reactivity, was conducted under a QTAIM approach. The Bond Critical Points (BCP) space allowed us to build a model where the statistical variability of the similarity measure and the corresponding Hammett constants were compared. The results are in agreement with previous experimental results, where>0.91.
P(NMe2)3‐Mediated Reductive (1+4) Annulation Reaction of α‐Keto Esters with Nitroalkenes: A Facile Synthesis of Polysubstituted Isoxazoline N‐Oxides
Authors: Liu Yiyi , Lu Kanghui , Wan Tao , Wei Jiaqiang , Wu Junjie , Gong Shangkun , Xu Song , He Zhengjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA P(NMe2)3‐mediated reductive (1+4) annulation reaction of α‐keto esters with substituted nitroalkenes has been developed, providing a feasible protocol to construct polysubstituted isoxazoline N‐oxides in moderate to excellent yields from readily available starting materials. This reaction originates from the characteristic reactivity of in situ generated Kukhtin‐Ramirez adducts and presumably proceeds through a tandem Michael addition‐intramolecular SN2 sequence. To further expand the utility of this annulation reaction, isoxazolines have been efficiently prepared from corresponding annulation products upon treatment with trimethyl phosphite.
Heavy Metal Ions in Wastewater Affect the Photodegradation of Phenol‐4‐sulfonic Acid over Biphasic TiO2/Activated Carbon Fiber Composites
Authors: Cheng Wu‐Kui , Guo Cui‐Xiang , Ke Qin‐Fei , Guo Ya‐Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effect mechanism of Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ ions in wastewater on photocatalytic activity remained unknown. For phenol‐4‐sulfonic acid (PSA) photodegradation, we fabricated anatase/rutile/activated carbon fiber composites (A/R/ACFs) by the hydrothermal deposition of rutile TiO2 nanorods and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles on ACFs. A/R/ACFs exhibited better photocatalytic activity than both R/ACFs and A/ACFs because anatase/rutile heterojunctions supported electron transfer from rutile to anatase. All Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ ions in wastewater improved the chemical stability of PSA by forming PSA‐Cu(II), PSA‐Zn(II) and PSA‐Ni(II) complex compounds, and thus inhibited the PSA photodegradation. Notably, the as‐formed photoelectrons over A/R/ACFs were partly consumed due to the reduce reaction of Cu2+ ions into Cu+/Cu0, avoiding electron‐hole recombination and improving PSA photodegradation efficiency. No reduce reaction of Zn2+ and Ni2+ ions occurred during the PSA photodegradation process. Hence, the A/R/ACFs are an effective photocatalyst for wastewater purification, and low Cu2+ concentrations facilitated the PSA photodegradation.
Study of Different Morphology of Zinc Hydroxide Salt as Adsorbent of Azo Dyes
Authors: Jaerger Silvia , de Ramos Nogueira Daiane Amaral , de Oliveira Douglas Santos , Machado Monielly Viomar , Marangoni Rafael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, zinc layered hydroxide salts (Zn‐LHS) intercalated with dodecyl sulfate (DDS) anion in nanocone morphology (LHS‐NC) and conventional stone‐like co‐precipitation LHS phases (LHS‐CO) were investigated as adsorbent of Orange G (OG) and Sunset Yellow (SY) dye. LHS‐NC was prepared by urea hydrolysis method, while LHS‐DDS was prepared by co‐precipitation method. XRDP, FTIR, and SEM were used to characterize their structure and showed the formation of layered compounds with very well layered stacking with nanocone and conventional layer stone morphology. After OG and SY adsorption, the results (XRDP, FTIR, UV‐Vis, Zetametry) showed that the Freundlich adsorption isotherms had been well fitted, and both OG and SY dyes were intercalated in interlayer space of LHS, where LHS‐CO and LHS‐NC present high uptake capability of SY dye remotion equal a 227.79 and 442.48 (mg g−1) while OG adsorption capability were 2.52 and 6.39 (mg g−1), respectively. For the kinetics study, the best fit was obtained by the pseudo‐second‐order model, whereas the results of intraparticle diffusion show a one‐step adsorption process. Hence, this study demonstrated Zn‐LHS in nanocone morphology, and conventional stone‐like co‐precipitation phase makes them potentially attractive adsorbents in water purification.
Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Angular cis‐Benzothiazinophenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Qianyu , Zhang Gang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAngular sulfide and sulfone bridged cis‐benzothiazinophenothiazine derivatives with phenyl and benzoyl attached at the amino positions were synthesized and characterized. Crystallographic analyses revealed their twisted structures. The phenyl substituted sulfone bridged benzothiazinophenothiazine demonstrated bright fluorescence emission in both solution and crystalline state. The benzoyl substituted benzothiazinophenothiazine and the sulfone derivatives showed room‐temperature phosphorescence in the crystalline states. The electron‐rich phenyl substituted cis‐benzothiazinophenothiazine compound could be chemically oxidized to monocation and dication with gradually planarized structures depending on the oxidation states.
Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Versatile Materials Platform for Unlocking New Potentials in Biocatalysis
Authors: Liu Jian , Liang Jieying , Xue Jueyi , Liang Kang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBiocatalysts immobilization with nanomaterials has promoted the development of biocatalysis significantly and made it an indispensable part of catalysis industries nowadays. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), constructed from organic linkers and metal ions or clusters, have raised significant interests for biocatalysts immobilization in recent years. The diversity of building units, molecular‐scale tunability, and modular synthetic routes of MOFs greatly expand its ability as the host to integrate with biocatalysts. In this review, the general synthetic strategies of MOFs with biocatalysts are first summarized. Then, the recent progress of MOFs as a versatile host for a series of biocatalysts, including natural enzymes, nanozymes, and organism‐based biocatalysts, followed by the introduction of MOFs themselves as biocatalysts, is discussed. Furthermore, the stimuli‐responsive properties of MOFs themselves or the additional functionalization of protein, polymer, and peptide within/on MOF that enable the biocatalysts with the controllable and tunable behavior are also summarized, which could unlock new potentials in biocatalysis. Finally, a perspective of the upcoming challenges, potential impacts, and future directions of biocatalytic MOFs is provided.
Effect of Plasticizers on Properties, Retrogradation, and Processing of Extrusion‐Obtained Thermoplastic Starch: A Review
Authors: Montilla‐Buitrago Camilo E. , Gómez‐López Rudy A. , Solanilla‐Duque José F. , Serna‐Cock Liliana , Villada‐Castillo Héctor S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThermoplastic starch (TPS) offers an alternative to petrochemical‐based plastics because as well as being a final product in itself, TPS can be used as a precursor for the production of new materials. In addition to high temperature and shear, the presence of plasticizers is essential in the TPS production process, to break the strong inter‐ and intra‐molecular interactions of the starch chains. The properties of these plasticizers—their functional groups, molecular weight, thermal stability, and compatibility with the polymer, among others—play an important role in the production of TPS. This work therefore brings together research evaluating starch–plasticizer molecular interactions and their effect on the structure, polymer properties, retrogradation, and processing of TPS obtained by extrusion; in addition, it collects and analyzes information on the process conditions used in the extrusion of different starches in the presence of different plasticizers. The objective of this review is to provide a clear description of the importance of the effect of plasticizers on the properties of TPS obtained by extrusion, indicating the potential of some plasticizers to broaden the field of application of TPS.
Becoming an Activist: Ruth Harrison’s Turn to Animal Welfare
Authors: Kirchhelle Claas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Harrison’s life prior to writing Animal Machines. Together with her siblings, Harrison was brought up in close contact to Britain’s cultural elite. After attending schools in London, Harrison commenced her university studies in 1939. The outbreak of war had a transformative impact on her life. Harrison was evacuated to Cambridge where she likely came into contact with ethologist William Homan Thorpe. She converted to Quakerism and subsequently enrolled in the Friends’ Ambulance Unit. The Quaker principles of non-violence, humanitarianism, and bearing witness to injustice would serve as important reference points throughout Harrison’s campaigning. After the war, she completed her studies in the dramatic arts but abandoned a potential career as a theatre producer. In 1954, she married architect Dexter Harrison. Similar to many Quakers, Harrison’s humanitarian concerns motivated her to become involved in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and protest perceived technological, moral, and environmental threats to society.
Ideals and Intensification: Welfare Campaigns in a Nation of Animal Lovers
Authors: Kirchhelle Claas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter studies the post-war evolution of British animal campaigning. It shows how the 1950s and 1960s saw long-standing concerns about cruelty to animals and wartime tropes of Britain as a Nation of Animal Lovers merge with concerns about the impacts of new intensive animal husbandry systems. So-called factory farms were not ubiquitous. However, in popular discourse, the “factory farm” increasingly functioned as a dystopian sociotechnical imaginary of new and alien technological threats to the English countryside, animal welfare, “British values,” consumer health, and the environment.
A “minority of one”: Harrison and the FAWAC
Authors: Kirchhelle Claas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis chapter analyses Harrison’s work on FAWAC and the committee’s wider impact. Agricultural officials had weighted FAWAC membership in favour of producer interests. Within the committee, there were significant tensions over how to define welfare and the status of ethological expertise. Officials, veterinary scientists, and agricultural interests favoured productivity-focused definitions of welfare and prioritised physiological measurements of stress and metabolic conversion. Harrison and other mostly female welfare representatives successfully resisted the passage of weak new welfare codes and called for an inclusion of ethological expertise and wider ethical considerations in FAWAC deliberations. The resulting stalemate between “scientific” and “ethical” factions soon led to a breakdown of FAWAC decision-making, a stagnation of British welfare reforms, and a polarisation of public welfare campaigning.