bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Cancer in Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Blondon Marc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractActive cancer causes approximately 25% of all acute events of venous thromboembolism (VTE). While most of the cancer diagnoses are known or clinically apparent at the time of VTE, care providers and patients may be worried about the 3 to 8% risk of occult cancer occurring in the year after VTE. Several studies have compared limited to extensive cancer screening after acute VTE, especially with the addition of abdominal computed tomography (CT) or whole-body PET-CT, with the hope to shorten the time to cancer diagnosis and lead to less advanced cancer stages. These studies have not shown improved clinical outcomes with an extensive screening, and have led to current recommendations of limited screening for cancer in patients with acute VTE, including unprovoked cases. Several risk assessment models have been developed to identify patients at greatest risk of occult cancer, however, with low discriminative performances and no current clinical usefulness. Some clinical situations may empirically deserve a more thorough cancer screening, such as unprovoked upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), bilateral leg DVT, descending leg DVT, or recurrent VTE during anticoagulation.
Die Konzeptualisierung nymphomanischer Zustände in den Lehrbüchern der deutschsprachigen Schulpsychiatrie vom Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts bis heute
Authors: Rendel Teresa , Steinberg Holger 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die vorliegende Chronologie soll einen Überblick über die Auffassungen zur Nymphomanie in der Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Schulpsychiatrie der vergangenen 200 Jahre geben.
Fragestellung Welche Kontinuitäten bestehen über diese Zeit in der Vorstellung über die Ätiologie, die Diagnosestellung, die Klassifikation oder über Therapieempfehlungen? Welcher Wandel ist feststellbar? Wurde das gesteigerte sexuelle Verlangen der Frau als Erkrankung oder eher als Symptom gesehen? Welche Bedeutung wurde der Sexualität der Frau vonseiten der Psychiatrie in der jeweiligen Epoche zugemessen? Welche Ursachen können für die Deutungen der jeweiligen Zeit benannt werden?
Methodik Es erfolgte die kursorische Durchsicht der einflussreichsten deutschsprachigen psychiatrischen Lehrbücher der jeweiligen Zeit in chronologischer Kontinuität. Anhand der Fragestellung wurden relevante Textstellen eruiert, eingehend analysiert und unter Berücksichtigung des historischen Kontextes miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse Zur Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert kann ein klarer Bruch im Krankheitsverständnis der Nymphomanie festgestellt werden. Im 19. Jahrhundert wurde von einer schweren psychischen Erkrankung ausgegangen, die zumindest anteilig durch eine periphere Erkrankung der weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane und dem mit diesen verbundenen Nervensystem verursacht wurde und in irreversible terminale psychische Zustände übergehen könne. Im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert wechselt das Krankheitsverständnis zwischen Sexualneurose und funktioneller Sexualstörung, die auf den Symptomenkomplex der Hypersexualität beschränkt ist. Ursächlich dafür ist einerseits die mit einer umfassenden Neuklassifikation psychischer Erkrankungen insgesamt veränderte Diagnosestellung, die im 19. Jahrhundert als nymphomane eingeordenete Symptome sowohl manischen als auch schizophrenen Erkrankungen zuordnet, andererseits eine veränderte Wahrnehmung weiblicher Sexualität im gesellschaftlichen Diskurs. Das Verschwinden der Diagnose Nymphomanie aus der 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases ist Ausdruck dieses Wandels.
Schlussfolgerung Die Vorstellung von Nymphomanie ist im Laufe der Zeit erheblichen Änderungen unterworfen. Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts ändert sich das Krankheitsverständnis maßgeblich, sodass sogar in eine frühe und eine späte Phase unterschieden werden kann. Die Diagnose ist obsolet geworden.
Magnetic phase transition and lattice dynamic features in ErB2C borocarbide
Authors: Novikov V V , Kuznetsov S V , Mitroshenkov N V , Matovnikov A V , Ponkratov K V , Konoplin N A , Tolstosheev A K , Bud’ko S L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A sample of erbium borocarbide ErB2C was synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of erbium, boron, and pyrographite hydride. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and lattice parameters of borocarbide at 2–300 K were experimentally investigated, the Raman spectrum was determined and analyzed. Sharp anomalies in the heat capacity and magnetic properties of ErB2C near T = 16.3 K, caused by the transition to the antiferromagnetic state, as well as diffuse anomalies at a higher temperature, caused by the effect of the crystal field (Schottky anomalies) were revealed. It was found that the magnetic phase transition does not cause measurable anomalies in the lattice parameters of borocarbide due to the weak coupling between the Er3+ ion subsystem and the B–C layers. Almost zero thermal expansion of erbium borocarbide in the basal plane (along a and b axes) (anisotropic invar effect) as well as an unusual character of the c-axis thermal expansion were observed. The first of these features is due to the high bonding energy in the B–C layers and the weak bond between the layers in the borocarbide crystal lattice. It was found that the anomalous expansion along the c axis is a consequence of the action of the crystal field. The splitting scheme for the ground level of Er3+ ions by crystal field was determined from the analysis of the Schottky anomaly of the heat capacity.
Thermal fluctuations in superconducting phases with chiral d + id and s symmetry on a triangular lattice
Authors: Groshev A G , Arzhnikov A K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The behavior of thermal fluctuations of a superconducting order parameter with extended s and chiral d + id symmetry is investigated. The study is carried out on a triangular lattice within the framework of the quasi-two-dimensional single-band model with attraction between electrons at neighboring sites. The method of consistent consideration of the order parameter fluctuations and the charge carrier scattering by fluctuations of coupled electron pairs, based on the theory of functional integration is used. The distribution functions of the phase fluctuation probabilities depending on temperature and charge carrier concentration are obtained. The temperature dependences of the amplitudes of the averaged superconducting order parameter are calculated. A phase diagram of superconducting states is constructed for the entire range of variation in the charge carrier concentration 0 < n < 2. Near the boundaries of this range, topologically trivial superconducting states with extended s symmetry are realized, while a superconducting state with topologically nontrivial chiral d + id symmetry is realized between them. The calculated anomalous self-energies are compared with the experimental ones obtained using machine learning techniques
Base-metal thermocouple tolerances and their utility in real-world measurements
Authors: Webster Emile 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The reference functions and tables for base-metal thermocouples, which relate temperature and electro-motive-force, are specified by thermocouple type, rather than by alloy composition. The common thermocouple types—E, J, K, N, and T—are required to meet the specifications within defined tolerance bands; referred to as either limits-of-error (ASTM, US) or class (IEC, UK and Europe). In this requirement hides a fundamental problem: the tolerances are a manufacturing specification. Despite this, the tolerances are often used as a proxy for expected behaviour. However, these thermocouple types are subject to rapid and irreversible changes after short exposure times to modest temperatures. Thus, tolerance statements are poor predictors of in-use behaviour. This paper initially reviews the development of the base-metal thermocouples before identifying many of the metallurgical processes that lead to departures from the accepted tolerance bands. Focus is specifically given to the processes that occur in several type K and N thermocouples, which exemplify the changes common in the other base-metal thermocouples. From these results, it is shown that the use of traditional calibration techniques can be a futile exercise. Comparisons are then made between as-received thermocouples and those given thermal treatments, that have been designed to allow meaningful calibration while also inhibiting drift. These results show that thermal treatments and calibration are a practicable means to minimise drift over typical periods of use while offering small uncertainties, well within the span of manufacturing tolerances. Lastly it is suggested manufacturers give more information on the testing used to establish conformance with tables and reference functions and that they follow standardised testing procedures.
One-step control of hierarchy and functionality of polymeric surfaces in a new plasma nanotechnology reactor
Authors: Zeniou A , Smyrnakis A , Constantoudis V , Awsiuk K , Gogolides E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hierarchical micro-nanostructured surfaces are key components of ‘smart’ multifunctional materials, used to control wetting, adhesion, tactile, friction, optical, antifogging, antibacterial, and many more surface properties. Hierarchical surfaces comprise random or ordered structures ranked by their length scale spanning the range from a few nanometers to a few micrometers, with the larger microstructures typically embedding smaller nanostructures. Despite the importance of hierarchical surfaces, there have been few studies on their precise and controlled fabrication or their quantitative characterization, and they usually involve multiple and complex fabrication steps. Here, we present a new plasma nanotechnology, which we term ‘nanoinhibit’, and a new plasma reactor for producing in one facile process-step-controlled hierarchy at will on polymeric surfaces. We couple the new plasma nanotechnology with detailed computational nanometrology based on the analysis of scanning electron microscopy images and targeted to specific functionality. We showcase the potential of ‘nanoinhibit’ for functional surface fabrication by controlling the wetting and optical functionality of the fabricated hierarchical surfaces and showing its dependence on surface morphology metrics. Finally, we observe that ‘nanoinhibit’ produces a new class of ‘strong hierarchical’ surfaces exhibiting spatially separated periodic and fractal-like components.
Particle-in-cell simulations of heat flux to tokamak divertors in an oblique magnetic field
Authors: Men Zongzheng , Xiang Nong , Ou Jing , Wang Xueyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The management of excessive heat flux to tokamak divertors is one of the most important issues, especially for long-pulse operations of EAST. Different simulation codes based mainly on fluid models have been developed to study the physical processes in edge plasma, including the heat flux to divertor target plates. In these simulations, only the neutral region is included and the heat flux is estimated by using energy transmission coefficients based on a simplified sheath model. In this paper, particle-in-cell simulations are conducted to study the heat flux flowing to the EAST divertor target plates by taking the sheath into account. It is found that the parallel electron velocity distribution function (VDF) in the sheath is a cut-off Maxwellian distribution so the electron sheath energy transmission can be obtained analytically, while ion VDFs in the sheath strongly depend on the incident angle between the magnetic field and divertor target plates. For a small incident angle, in the sheath, the ions move along open orbits and are accelerated mainly in the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the magnetic field and target plates due to the Lorentz force. An analytical expression for the ion heat flux to the target plates is presented and the obtained results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
Energy relaxation and heating in the afterglow of high electric field ns-discharges in ambient air using spontaneous Raman scattering
Authors: Brisset Alexandra , Guichard Florestan , Cessou Armelle , Tardiveau Pierre 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The spatio-temporal rovibrational excitation and relaxation mechanisms of N2(X) in the post-discharge of a 10 ns high-voltage diffuse discharge are studied by spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS). It is shown that the vibrational excitation of nitrogen molecules remains high despite the strong electric fields applied during the discharge itself and the relaxation processes are similar to lower voltage ns discharges. The main differences with the lower field discharges are rather visible at the beginning of the discharge with a specific spatial volume distribution and a significant vibrational non-equilibrium between v = 0, 1 and v > 1. The spatial distribution of the rovibrational excitation of the diffuse discharge is very wide radially, consistent with the sustainability of fields greater than 100 Td over nearly 8 mm during propagation. The initial rovibrational excitation is inhomogeneous along the axis. The gas temperature reaches up to about 1200 K close to the pin (85 kV, ambient air) while it remains below 500 K in the rest of the volume. It is possible to control the heating of the discharge without greatly modifying the energy transfer mechanisms by adjusting the duration of the voltage pulse. In terms of reactivity, high atomic oxygen densities seem to be very localized in the vicinity of the pin (1024 m−3 at 1.5 mm from the pin, corresponding to about 20% dissociation). This inhomogeneity reflects the distribution of energy in the volume of the discharge. The main effects of humidity are also studied. It amplifies the fast heating and accelerates the decay of atomic oxygen in the post-discharge. No significant acceleration of the V–T relaxation of nitrogen due to the addition of water vapour was observed for the studied conditions. A shock wave was identified which is triggered at around 500 ns.
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i-mode in toroidal plasmas with anisotropic ion temperature and its gradient
Authors: Jia M.X. , Li J.C. , Liu S.F. , Kong W. , Zhu K.E. , Dong J.Q. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The gyrokinetic integral eigenmode equation is applied to study ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) mode in toroidal plasmas with magnetic shear, where the ion temperature and its gradient are anisotropic. The numerical studies demonstrate that instability of ITG mode is reduced by an ion temperature anisotropy of higher perpendicular temperature T
i⊥ or high enough parallel temperature T
i∥, in which Landau damping plays an important role. The temperature gradient in the perpendicular (parallel) direction is stronger to drive ITG mode for large T
i⊥ (T
i∥). These effects are directly related to the temperature gradient threshold for excitation of ITG mode. In addition, the synergy effect of magnetic shear and anisotropy of ion temperature and its gradient is studied in detail, where the combination of magnetic shear and large parallel temperature has the most obvious inhibitory effect on ITG mode.
Random Vibration Fatigue Life Estimation of Power Controller
Authors: Ye Shuai Hong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The power controller will be subjected to random external excitation loads during use. When subjected to high stress levels for a long time, the structure is prone to random fatigue failure, resulting in structural failure. Therefore, the prediction of the random vibration fatigue life of the power controller is very necessary. In this paper, Nastran software is used, Miner linear cumulative fatigue damage method combined with Gaussian three-interval method to calculate random fatigue of the structure. The final example shows the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Research on Application of Energy-saving Technology Based on Computer Theory in Green Building Engineering
Authors: Huang Cheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLow-carbon life has always been a green lifestyle that our country often advocates. As a symbolic color for energy saving, green is also designed as a symbolic representative color for energy saving and emission reduction. For now, energy conservation and emission reduction have become the subject of our sustainable economic and social research. With the continuous expansion of the energy consumption of buildings in various cities in our society, our natural environment has become even worse. However, the current housing construction is the most important goal for the prosperity of urbanization proposed by our country. On this basis, scholars put forward the main topic of green building. Especially under the current situation, the combination of green building and computer-related energy-saving and emission-reduction theories may be the most in line with the energy-saving standards of the advanced era[1-2].
The Ecological Concept Based on Big Data is Integrated into the Strategy Analysis of Landscape Design
Authors: Cao Chunna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the constant development of economy in our country, the city process also significantly faster, now is becoming more and more good urban design and planning, urban greening and landscape is also more and more common, people has higher requirement to the residential environment in the city now, today’s landscape is the important content of ecological planning in the city, and a good set a good natural landscape can not only to the city image, also can bring the city live people a good ecological environment, it can greatly improve the quality of people’s happiness and life. At the same time, good landscape can also reduce the harm of automobile exhaust, absorb harmful gases. Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to the ecological environment. Under such circumstances, the ecological concept should be integrated into the landscape design in the construction to achieve the purpose of environmental protection.
Performance Analysis of Real Estate Management Entities Based on DEA Model and BP Neural Network Model
Authors: Tao Fanghong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Based on the financial report data of Listed Companies in 2015 and taking profitability as the criterion, this paper selects 40 real estate enterprises as samples, and analyzes the operation performance of the real estate industry by using data envelopment analysis method and BP neural network model. The results show that the scale benefit of the industry still exists, but it is no longer significant, and the development mode of the industry is in place. In the period of obvious change, the operation and management of real estate enterprises are becoming more and more mature, and the optimal allocation of resources has been basically achieved at the macro level of resource utilization, but the industry needs to be further improved in fine management, practical human resources management, supervisory management and other aspects. Excellent management team is the key of success in enterprises development.
Block Chain Based Supply Chain Financial Risk Management Research
Authors: Yao Fengge , Qin Zenan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current supply chain finance risk management has problems such as asymmetric operation information and difficult risk control, for this reason, this paper proposes a research on supply chain finance risk management based on block chain technology. Combining the technical characteristics of block chain and the business model of supply chain finance, we analyze the causes of its operational risk, trade authenticity risk, payback risk and contingency risk, and use the physical sensors to react and track data in real time to improve the efficiency of supply chain risk control; replace the signing of legal documents in various disciplines with electronic signatures to solve the problem of trade authenticity risk; program the transaction contract and contract-related clauses to provide trust for both sides of the transaction and improve transaction efficiency. Implement a comprehensive risk management strategy, design early warning and emergency management processes, and realize supply chain financial risk management based on block chain technology.
Research on Building Electrical Design Based on Computer-Aided
Authors: Wu Guizhou 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Computer aided electrical design (hereinafter referred to as electrical CAD) refers to the application of computer aided design in the design of electrical parts in many industries. Electrical CAD application includes all aspects of electrical engineering. The application of computer in electrical design system is very important and extensive. After the computer is put into use in circuit design, relay protection design and auxiliary management, it has played a certain role in promoting the operation and development of the whole electrical industry. Computer software should be tailored to the needs of different customers. It is necessary to gradually subdivide the development of the user market and expand the new direction of the market, and continuously develop more targeted and professional building electrical computer aided software to meet the needs of production and design. In this paper, the application of computer aided in building electrical is discussed and studied in detail[1].
Using Computer Aided Technology to Design Performance Evaluation System of E-commerce Park A
Authors: Wu Haiyan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The scientific performance evaluation system is very important for giving full play to the supervisory and constructive functions of performance evaluation in the field of business parks. Based on the theory of stakeholders, this paper uses computer-aided technology to research and put forward the design method of performance evaluation system for e-commerce parks, and designs performance evaluation system from the characteristics of key stakeholders, audit evaluation indicators, audit standards and other aspects. Finally, the practical application results show that the proposed optimization method of e-commerce park performance evaluation system is reasonable and operable.
Talk about the Application of CAD in Soil and Water Quality Assessment
Authors: Chen Jin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the increasing ecological environment problems such as soil erosion and wind and sandification in recent years, mankind has realized the necessity and the importance of protecting the environment, and has begun to study this problem continuously, hoping to find an effective solution to the ecological environment management, so that human development can maintain a balance with nature. In this environment, many disciplines have come into being, and soil and water protection is one of them. Soil erosion (also known as soil erosion) is a global environmental problem, and it is of great significance to control soil erosion as one of the measures to improve the overall ecological environment. “Digital soil and water culture” has become the inevitable trend of the modernization and information development of soil and water, and “computer-aided design technology” as its component is being widely used in soil and water science research, planning, design, construction and management. Therefore, through the analysis of the examples of computer-aided design applied accurately in soil and water protection drawing, this paper aims to further improve and pay attention to the research of the basic technology of “digital soil and water protection”, so as to lay the foundation for the comprehensive meeting of the “digital information” society. The computer-aided design has great advantages in the monitoring of large-scale ecological resources and environment, and has the advantages of fast, intuitive and wide monitoring area, so this paper explores the application of computer-aided design in soil and water conservation assessment.