bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optically Induced Static Magnetization in Metal Halide Perovskite for Spin‐Related Optoelectronics
Authors: Wang Miaosheng , Xu Hengxing , Wu Ting , Ambaye Haile , Qin Jiajun , Keum Jong , Ivanov Ilia N. , Lauter Valeria , Hu Bin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the feasibility to couple semiconducting and magnetic properties in metal halide perovskites through interface design opens new opportunities for creating the next generation spin‐related optoelectronics. In this work, a fundamentally new phenomenon of optically induced magnetization achieved by coupling photoexcited orbital magnetic dipoles with magnetic spins at perovskite/ferromagnetic interface is discovered. The depth‐sensitive polarized neutron reflectometry combined with in situ photoexcitation setup, constitutes key evidence of this novel effect. It is demonstrated that a circularly polarized photoexcitation induces a stable magnetization signal within the depth up to 7.5 nm into the surface of high‐quality perovskite (MAPbBr3) film underneath a ferromagnetic cobalt layer at room temperature. In contrast, a linearly polarized light does not induce any detectable magnetization in the MAPbBr3. The observation reveals that photoexcited orbital magnetic dipoles at the surface of perovskite are coupled with the spins of the ferromagnetic atoms at the interface, leading to an optically induced magnetization within the perovskite’s surface. The finding demonstrates that perovskite semiconductor can be bridged with magnetism through optically controllable method at room temperature in this heterojunction design. This provides the new concept of utilizing spin and orbital degrees of freedom in new‐generation spin‐related optoelectronic devices.
Recent Advance in Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Electrolytes for Rechargeable Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Meng , Kong Xiangyue , Huang Weiwei , Zhang Qichun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFrom basic research to industry process, battery energy storage systems have played a great role in the informatization, mobility, and intellectualization of modern human society. Some potential systems such as Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, and Al secondary batteries have attracted much attention to maintain social progress and sustainable development. As one of the components in batteries, electrolytes play an important role in the upgrade and breakthrough of battery technology. Since room‐temperature ionic liquids (ILs) feature high conductivity, nonflammability, nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and wide electrochemical window, they have been widely applied in various battery systems and show great potential in improving battery stability, kinetics performance, energy density, service life, and safety. Thus, it is a right time to summarize these progresses. In this review, the composition and classification of various ILs and their recent applications as electrolytes in diverse metal‐ion batteries (Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al) are outlined to enhance the battery performances.
Hypermethylation of Hepatic Mitochondrial ND6 Provokes Systemic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Cao Ke , Lv Weiqiang , Wang Xueqiang , Dong Shanshan , Liu Xuyun , Yang Tielin , Xu Jie , Zeng Mengqi , Zou Xuan , Zhao Daina , Ma Qingqing , Lin Mu , Long Jiangang , Zang Weijin , Gao Feng , Feng Zhihui , Liu Jiankang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMitochondrial epigenetics is rising as intriguing notion for its potential involvement in aging and diseases, while the details remain largely unexplored. Here it is shown that among the 13 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded genes, NADH‐dehydrogenase 6 (ND6) transcript is primarily decreased in obese and type 2 diabetes populations, which negatively correlates with its distinctive hypermethylation. Hepatic mtDNA sequencing in mice unveils that ND6 presents the highest methylation level, which dramatically increases under diabetic condition due to enhanced mitochondrial translocation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) promoted by free fatty acid through adenosine 5’‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Hepatic knockdown of ND6 or overexpression of Dnmt1 similarly impairs mitochondrial function and induces systemic insulin resistance both in vivo and in vitro. Genetic or chemical targeting hepatic DNMT1 shows significant benefits against insulin resistance associated metabolic disorders. These findings highlight the pivotal role of ND6 epigenetic network in regulating mitochondrial function and onset of insulin resistance, shedding light on potential preventive and therapeutic strategies of insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders from a perspective of mitochondrial epigenetics.
POU2F2‐IL‐31 Autoregulatory Circuit Converts Hepatocytes into the Origin Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Chunwang , Pang Lijun , Wang Wenjing , Ouyang Yabo , Guo Xianghua , Liu Kai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originates from fully differentiated hepatocytes, but the decisive events for converting hepatocytes to the cells of origin for HCC are still unclear. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) cause HCC but are not bona fide cells of origin. Here, the expressions of POU2F2 and IL‐31 are identified in macroscopically normal livers of diethylnitrosamine‐challenged mice. An autoregulatory circuit formed by mutual induction between POU2F2 and IL‐31 drives hepatocytes to progress to LCSCs by acquiring stemness, as well as stimulates them to in vivo grow and malignantly progress. The development of the autoregulatory circuit is a decisive event for converting hepatocytes into the cells of origin, since hepatocytes expressing the circuit have acquired tumorigenic potential before progressing to LCSCs. Nonetheless, acquiring stemness is still required for the cells of origin to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. The circuit also occurs in human cirrhotic tissues, partially elucidating how premalignant lesions progress to HCC.
Topological Encoded Vector Beams for Monitoring Amyloid‐Lipid Interactions in Microcavity
Authors: Gong Chaoyang , Qiao Zhen , Yuan Zhiyi , Huang Shih‐Hsiu , Wang Wenjie , Wu Pin Chieh , Chen Yu‐Cheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLasers are the pillars of modern photonics and sensing. Recent advances in microlasers have demonstrated its extraordinary lasing characteristics suitable for biosensing. However, most lasers utilized lasing spectrum as a detection signal, which can hardly detect or characterize nanoscale structural changes in microcavity. Here the concept of amplified structured light‐molecule interactions is introduced to monitor tiny bio‐structural changes in a microcavity. Biomimetic liquid crystal droplets with self‐assembled lipid monolayers are sandwiched in a Fabry–Pérot cavity, where subtle protein‐lipid membrane interactions trigger the topological transformation of output vector beams. By exploiting Amyloid β (Aβ)‐lipid membrane interactions as a proof‐of‐concept, it is demonstrated that vector laser beams can be viewed as a topology of complex laser modes and polarization states. The concept of topological‐encoded laser barcodes is therefore developed to reveal dynamic changes of laser modes and Aβ‐lipid interactions with different Aβ assembly structures. The findings demonstrate that the topology of vector beams represents significant features of intracavity nano‐structural dynamics resulted from structured light‐molecule interactions.
High Performance, Fully Bio‐Based, and Optically Transparent Wood Biocomposites
Authors: Montanari Céline , Ogawa Yu , Olsén Peter , Berglund Lars A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sustainable development of engineering biocomposites has been limited due to a lack of bio‐based monomers combining favorable processing with high performance. Here, the authors report a novel and fully bio‐based transparent wood biocomposite based on green synthesis of a new limonene acrylate monomer from renewable resources. The monomer is impregnated and readily polymerized in a delignified, succinylated wood substrate to form optically transparent biocomposites. The chemical structure of the limonene acrylate enables diffusion into the cell wall, and the polymer phase is both refractive index‐matched and covalently linked to the wood substrate. This results in nanostructured biocomposites combining an excellent optical transmittance of 90% at 1.2 mm thickness and a remarkably low haze of 30%, with a high mechanical performance (strength 174 MPa, Young's modulus 17 GPa). Bio‐based transparent wood holds great potential towards the development of sustainable wood nanotechnologies for structural applications, where transparency and mechanical performance are combined.
Green Algorithms: Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of Computation
Authors: Lannelongue Loïc , Grealey Jason , Inouye Michael 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate change is profoundly affecting nearly all aspects of life on earth, including human societies, economies, and health. Various human activities are responsible for significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including data centers and other sources of large‐scale computation. Although many important scientific milestones are achieved thanks to the development of high‐performance computing, the resultant environmental impact is underappreciated. In this work, a methodological framework to estimate the carbon footprint of any computational task in a standardized and reliable way is presented and metrics to contextualize GHG emissions are defined. A freely available online tool, Green Algorithms (www.green‐algorithms.org) is developed, which enables a user to estimate and report the carbon footprint of their computation. The tool easily integrates with computational processes as it requires minimal information and does not interfere with existing code, while also accounting for a broad range of hardware configurations. Finally, the GHG emissions of algorithms used for particle physics simulations, weather forecasts, and natural language processing are quantified. Taken together, this study develops a simple generalizable framework and freely available tool to quantify the carbon footprint of nearly any computation. Combined with recommendations to minimize unnecessary CO2 emissions, the authors hope to raise awareness and facilitate greener computation.
Apple tree adaptation to shade in agroforestry: an architectural approach
Authors: Pitchers Benjamin , Do Frédéric C. , Pradal Christophe , Dufour Lydie , Lauri Pierre‐Éric 
Published: May 2021

PREMISEThe expression of shade adaptation traits is expected to be stronger in low light and can be detrimental to flowering and yield. Our study focused on the expression of shade adaptation traits of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Dalinette’) in an agroforestry system.METHODSThe architecture of 45 apple trees in their third and fourth year was extensively described and analyzed at the tree scale and compared depending on the light quantity received during the growing season. Flower cluster phenology and the relation between leaf area and floral initiation were also investigated.RESULTSThe number of growing shoots and the leaf area were reduced by shade even if specific leaf area increased with increasing shade. Shade did not modify primary growth but did decrease secondary growth, so that apple tree shoots in shade were slender, with a lower taper and reduced number and proportion of flower clusters. The correlation between floral initiation and leaf area was high both in full and moderate light but not for apple trees in low light. Shade did not impact the date of bud burst and the early phenological stages of flower clusters, but it reduced the number of days at full bloom.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that while the architecture of apple trees is modified by a reduction in light intensity, it is not until a reduction of 65% that the capability to produce fruit is impeded. These results could help optimize the design of apple‐tree‐based agroforestry systems.
Variability of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest from the emergency department to intensive care unit in Japan
Authors: Hifumi Toru , Inoue Akihiko , Takiguchi Toru , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Ogura Takayuki , Okazaki Tomoya , Ijuin Shinichi , Zushi Ryosuke , Arimoto Hideki , Takada Hiroaki , Shiraishi Shinichirou , Egawa Yuko , Kanda Jun , Nasu Michitaka , Kobayashi Makoto , Sakuraya Masaaki , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Shunichiro , Otani Norio , Takeuchi Ichiro , Bunya Naofumi , Shimizu Takafumi , Sawano Hirotaka , Takayama Wataru , Kushimoto Shigeki , Shoko Tomohisa , Aoki Makoto , Otani Takayuki , Matsuoka Yoshinori , Homma Koichiro , Maekawa Kunihiko , Tahara Yoshio , Fukuda Reo , Kikuchi Migaku , Nakagami Takuo , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Kitamura Nobuya , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Kuroda Yasuhiro ,   SAVE‐J II Study Group
Published: May 2021

AimA lack of known guidelines for the provision of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) to patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has led to variability in practice between hospitals even in the same country. Because variability in ECPR practice has not been completely examined, we aimed to describe the variability in ECPR practice in patients with OHCA from the emergency department (ED) to the intensive care units (ICU).MethodsAn anonymous online questionnaire to examine variability in ECPR practice was completed in January 2020 by 36 medical institutions who participated in the SAVE‐J II study. Institutional demographics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, initial resuscitation management, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) initiation, initial ECMO management, intra‐aortic balloon pumping/endotracheal intubation/management during coronary angiography, and computed tomography criteria were recorded.ResultsWe received responses from all 36 institutions. Four institutions (11.1%) had a hybrid emergency room. Cardiovascular surgery was always involved throughout the entire ECMO process in only 14.7% of institutions; 60% of institutions had formal inclusion criteria and 50% had formal exclusion criteria. In two‐thirds of institutions, emergency physicians carried out cannulation. Catheterization room was the leading location of cannulation (48.6%) followed by ED (31.4%). The presence of formal exclusion criteria significantly increased with increasing ECPR volume (P for trend <0.001). Intra‐aortic balloon pumping was routinely initiated in only 25% of institutions. Computed tomography was routinely carried out before coronary angiography in 25% of institutions.ConclusionsWe described the variability in ECPR practice in patients with OHCA from the ED to the ICU.
Influence of high‐dose antithrombin on platelet function and blood coagulation
Authors: Miike Toru , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Narumi Shougo , Yoshitake Kunimasa , Sakurai Ryota , Nakayama Kento , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: May 2021

AimIn healthy adults, there are sufficient amounts of antithrombin in the blood to regulate thrombin. However, the effects of high concentrations of antithrombin on dose‐dependent anticoagulation and platelet function have not been reported. In this study, we assessed platelet function and blood coagulation following high‐dose antithrombin supplementation in vitro.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers, and samples with different antithrombin concentrations were prepared by adding an antithrombin agent (Neuart). Blood coagulation was assessed by the Thrombus‐Formation Analysis System (T‐TAS) and Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) using whole blood samples.ResultsThe data obtained by the platelet chip, exclusively representing platelet function, revealed that the onset of thrombus formation was significantly delayed in a dose‐dependent manner (100%–200%, P = 0.021; 100%–500%, P = 0.011; 200%–500%, P = 0.047). In measurements using the atheroma chip, which enables assessment of blood coagulation, the thrombus formation ability was found to be reduced (100%–200%, P = 0.022; 100%–500%, P = 0.05). In the ROTEM measurements, clotting time was prolonged in a dose‐dependent manner (100%–200%: P = 0.203, 200%–500%: P = 0.005, 500%–1000%: P = 0.022), except when comparing with 100% and 200%. Although antithrombin is reportedly saturated in healthy blood, its anticoagulant ability appears to be enhanced depending on its concentration. Furthermore, data obtained from the platelet chip showed that antithrombin might reduce platelet function.ConclusionsAntithrombin suppressed platelet function and blood coagulation in a dose‐dependent manner.
Early endotracheal intubation improves neurological outcome following witnessed out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Japan: a population‐based observational study
Authors: Nakagawa Koshi , Sagisaka Ryo , Tanaka Shota , Takyu Hiroshi , Tanaka Hideharu 
Published: May 2021

AimIt is unclear whether endotracheal intubation in the prehospital setting improves outcomes following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between endotracheal intubation time (time from patient contact to endotracheal intubation) and favorable neurological outcomes on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest.MethodsWe extracted patients who underwent endotracheal intubation on the scene from a nationwide out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest database registered between 2014 and 2017 in Japan. We included 14,969 witnessed and intubated adult out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest cases. Patients were divided into Shockable (n = 1,102) and Non‐shockable (n = 13,867) cohorts. We first drew the logistic curve due to predicting the association between endotracheal intubation time and favorable neurological outcome defined as Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1 or 2. Secondary, multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between the endotracheal intubation time (1‐min unit increase), CPC 1 or 2.ResultsThe logistic curve for CPC 1 or 2 showed similar shapes and indicated a decreasing outcome over time. From the results of multivariable logistic regression, in the Shockable cohort, endotracheal intubation time delay was correlated with decreasing favorable outcomes: CPC 1 or 2 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.87). Results were the same for the Non‐shockable cohort: CPC 1 or 2 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.99).ConclusionEarly endotracheal intubation was correlated with favorable neurological outcome. Training for intubation skills and improving protocols are needed for carrying out early endotracheal intubation.
Comparison of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in predicting bacteremia in the emergency department
Authors: Furuta Katsuyuki , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Sada Ryuichi , Miyamoto Kyohei , Teraoka Shunsuke , Hayata Atsushi , Ozawa Yuichi , Nakanishi Masanori , Koh Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2021

AimThe emergency department requires simple and useful clinical indicators to identify bacteremia. This retrospective study explored the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scores for predicting bacteremia.MethodsBetween April and September 2017, we assessed blood cultures of 307 patients in our emergency department. We calculated the SIRS and qSOFA scores for these patients and evaluated their correlation with bacteremia.ResultsOf 307 patients, 66 (21.5%) had bacteremia, 237 (77.2%) were SIRS‐positive, and 123 (40.0%) were qSOFA‐positive. The sensitivity and specificity of the SIRS score for predicting bacteremia were 87.9% and 25.7%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the qSOFA score were 47.0% and 61.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that body temperature (odds ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–3.84; P = 0.009) and blood pressure (odds ratio, 2.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–5.35; P = 0.004) significantly associated with bacteremia.ConclusionsThe SIRS score was a more sensitive indicator than the qSOFA score for predicting bacteremia.
Adequacy of hand positioning by medical personnel during chest compression in a simulation study
Authors: Koyama Yasuaki , Matsuyama Tasuku , Kainoh Takako , Hoshino Tetsuya , Nakao Junzo , Shimojo Nobutake , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2021

AimDuring chest compressions (CCs), the hand position at the lower half of the sternum is not strictly maintained, unlike depth or rate. This study was conducted to determine whether medical staff could adequately push at a marked location on the lower half of the sternum, identify where the inappropriate hand position was shifted to, and correct the inappropriate hand position.MethodsThis simulation‐based, prospective single‐center study enrolled 44 medical personnel. Pressure and hand position during CC were ascertained using a flexible pressure sensor. The participants were divided into four groups by standing position and the hand in contact with the sternum: right–left (R–l), right–right (R–r), left–right (L–r), and left–left (L–l). We compared the groups and the methods: the manual method (MM), the thenar method, and the hypothenar method (HM).ResultsAmong participants using the MM, 80% did not push adequately at the marked location on the lower half of the sternum; 60%–90% of the inadequate positions were shifted to the hypothenar side. CCs with the HM facilitated stronger pressure, and the position was minimally shifted to the hypothenar side.ConclusionMedical staff could not push at an appropriate position during CCs. Resuscitation courses should be designed to educate personnel on the appropriate position for application of maximal pressure while also evaluating the position during CCs.
Modeling life‐cycle inventory for multi‐product biorefinery: tracking environmental burdens and evaluation of uncertainty caused by allocation procedure
Authors: Obydenkova Svetlana V , Kouris Panos D , Smeulders David M J , Boot Michael D , van der Meer Yvonne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLife‐cycle inventory (LCI) is a fundamental phase in the quantification of the environmental performance of products. However, when it comes to the LCI of a multi‐product system, discussions about the choice of the appropriate methodology to allocate environmental impacts still continue. A further system subdivision and the implementation of a mechanism allowing environmental burdens to be tracked would help to improve model accuracy. This study focuses on the LCI modeling of a lignocellulosic biorefinery producing ethanol, lignin oligomers, and electricity, and demonstrates the application of the matrix‐based approach for detailed system subdivision and environmental burden tracking. Forty scenarios utilizing process‐specific allocation methods were tested to account for the global warming potential of outputs. The main findings of the paper are: (i) the importance of specific allocation methods applied to combined heat and power plants that stress the key role of internal energy supply in carrying environmental burdens; (ii) a negligible effect of allocation methods applied to wastewater treatment facilities; (iii) the inconsistency of results obtained via two allocation methods, one based on the total mass and the second based on the dry mass allocation, which raises questions about the validity of water accounting in the allocation procedure of related products; (iv) the role of upstream greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in lignin‐derived outputs, which emphasizes the importance of a proper allocation methodology to be applied to this residue; and (v) an important role of the biomass pretreatment and lignin solvolysis processes in the accumulation of emissions, which highlights the importance of decreasing the amount of solids and methanol content in the processes discussed here. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.