bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Microbubble‐Based DNA Vaccination with Low‐Frequency Ultrasound for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Nisi , Foiret Josquin , Kheirolomoom Azadeh , Liu Pei , Feng Yi , Tumbale Spencer , Raie Marina , Wu Bo , Wang James , Fite Brett Z. , Dai Zhifei , Ferrara Katherine W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is an important cancer treatment strategy; nevertheless, the lack of robust immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment remains a factor in limiting patient response rates. In vivo gene delivery protocols can amplify immune responses and sensitize tumors to immunotherapies, yet non‐viral transfection methods often sacrifice transduction efficiency for improved safety tolerance. To improve transduction efficiency, a strategy employing low ultrasound transmission frequency‐induced bubble oscillation is optimized to introduce plasmids into tumor cells. Differential centrifugation isolated size‐specific microbubbles (MBs). The diameter of the small MB population is 1.27 ± 0.89 µm and that of the larger population is 4.23 ± 2.27 µm. Upon in vitro insonation with the larger MB population, 29.7% of cancer cells are transfected with DNA plasmids, higher than that with smaller MBs (18.9%, P <0.05) or positive control treatments with a commercial transfection reagent (12%, P < 0.01). After 48 h, gene expression increases more than twofold in tumors treated with large, as compared with small, MBs. Furthermore, the immune response, including tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages, is enhanced. It is believed that this safe and efficacious method can improve preclinical procedures and outcomes for DNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy in the future.
Fluorine‐Driven Enhancement of Birefringence in the Fluorooxosulfate: A Deep Evaluation from a Joint Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Jin Wenqi , Zhang Wenyao , Tudi Abudukadi , Wang Liying , Zhou Xin , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnderstanding and exploring the functional modules (FMs) consisting of local atomic groups can promote the development of the materials with functional performances. Oxygen‐containing tetrahedral modules are popular in deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) optical materials, but their weak optical anisotropy is adverse to birefringence. Here, the fluorooxosulfate group is proved as a new birefringence‐enhanced FM for the first time. The birefringence of fluorooxosulfates can be 4.8–15.5 times that of sulfates with the same metal cations while maintaining a DUV band gap. The polarizing microscope measurement confirms the birefringence enhancement by using the millimeter crystals experimentally. The theoretical studies from micro and macro levels further reveal a novel universal strategy that the fluorine induced anisotropic electronic distribution in fluorooxo–tetrahedral group is responsible for the enhancement of birefringence. This study will guide the future discovery of DUV optical materials with enlarged birefringence.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Boosts PD‐1 Antibody Delivery and T Cell Infiltration for Augmented Immune Responses Against Solid Tumors
Authors: Liu Xin , Ye Ningbing , Liu Sha , Guan Jiankun , Deng Qingyuan , Zhang Zhijie , Xiao Chen , Ding Ze‐yang , Zhang Bi‐xiang , Chen Xiao‐ping , Li Zifu , Yang Xiangliang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAberrant mechanical properties and immunosuppression are the two key factors that limit the antitumor efficacy of T cell immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors, e.g., programmed cell death‐1 antibody (PD‐1 Ab), against solid tumors in the clinic. This study leverages hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) for the first time to address these two issues and reports the PD‐1‐Ab‐mediated immune responses against various stroma‐rich solid malignancies. The results demonstrate that HBO promoted PD‐1 Ab delivery and T cells infiltration into tumor parenchyma by depleting the extracellular matrix's main components, such as collagen and fibronectin. Furthermore, HBO disrupts hypoxia‐mediated immunosuppression and helps PD‐1 Ab trigger robust cytotoxic T lymphocytes and long‐lasting immunological memory to inhibit tumor relapses. Such enhanced immune responses are effective in solid tumors from rodents and the cancer cells from hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The results illustrate that HBO bolsters antitumor efficacy of PD‐1 Ab, and the HBO–PD‐1 Ab combination is a promising stroma‐rich solid tumors’ treatment in the clinic.
Multi‐Functional Liposome: A Powerful Theranostic Nano‐Platform Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Cheng Xiamin , Gao Jing , Ding Yang , Lu Yao , Wei Qiancheng , Cui Dezhi , Fan Jiali , Li Xiaoman , Zhu Ershu , Lu Yongna , Wu Qiong , Li Lin , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough photodynamic therapy (PDT) has promising advantages in almost non‐invasion, low drug resistance, and low dark toxicity, it still suffers from limitations in the lipophilic nature of most photosensitizers (PSs), short half‐life of PS in plasma, poor tissue penetration, and low tumor specificity. To overcome these limitations and enhance PDT, liposomes, as excellent multi‐functional nano‐carriers for drug delivery, have been extensively studied in multi‐functional theranostics, including liposomal PS, targeted drug delivery, controllable drug release, image‐guided therapy, and combined therapy. This review provides researchers with a useful reference in liposome‐based drug delivery.
Bionic Ultra‐Sensitive Self‐Powered Electromechanical Sensor for Muscle‐Triggered Communication Application
Authors: Zhou Hong , Li Dongxiao , He Xianming , Hui Xindan , Guo Hengyu , Hu Chenguo , Mu Xiaojing , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe past few decades have witnessed the tremendous progress of human–machine interface (HMI) in communication, education, and manufacturing fields. However, due to signal acquisition devices’ limitations, the research on HMI related to communication aid applications for the disabled is progressing slowly. Here, inspired by frogs’ croaking behavior, a bionic triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)‐based ultra‐sensitive self‐powered electromechanical sensor for muscle‐triggered communication HMI application is developed. The sensor possesses a high sensitivity (54.6 mV mm−1), a high‐intensity signal (± 700 mV), and a wide sensing range (0–5 mm). The signal intensity is 206 times higher than that of traditional biopotential electromyography methods. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and Morse code, the safe, accurate (96.3%), and stable communication aid HMI applications are achieved. The authors' bionic TENG‐based electromechanical sensor provides a valuable toolkit for HMI applications of the disabled, and it brings new insights into the interdisciplinary cross‐integration between TENG technology and bionics.
Development of Novel Therapeutics Targeting the Blood–Brain Barrier: From Barrier to Carrier
Authors: Li Jia , Zheng Meng , Shimoni Olga , Banks William A. , Bush Ashley I. , Gamble Jennifer R. , Shi Bingyang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized neurovascular unit, initially described as an intact barrier to prevent toxins, pathogens, and potentially harmful substances from entering the brain. An intact BBB is also critical for the maintenance of normal neuronal function. In cerebral vascular diseases and neurological disorders, the BBB can be disrupted, contributing to disease progression. While restoration of BBB integrity serves as a robust biomarker of better clinical outcomes, the restrictive nature of the intact BBB presents a major hurdle for delivery of therapeutics into the brain. Recent studies show that the BBB is actively engaged in crosstalk between neuronal and the circulatory systems, which defines another important role of the BBB: as an interfacing conduit that mediates communication between two sides of the BBB. This role has been subject to extensive investigation for brain‐targeted drug delivery and shows promising results. The dual roles of the BBB make it a unique target for drug development. Here, recent developments and novel strategies to target the BBB for therapeutic purposes are reviewed, from both barrier and carrier perspectives.
Current status of function‐preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Kosuga Toshiyuki , Tsujiura Masahiro , Nakashima Susumu , Masuyama Mamoru , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarly gastric cancer (EGC) has excellent postoperative survival outcomes; thus, one of the recent keywords in the treatment of EGC is “function‐preserving gastrectomy (FPG).” FPG reduces the extent of lymphadenectomy and gastric resection without compromising the long‐term prognosis. Proximal gastrectomy (PG) is an alternative to total gastrectomy (TG) for EGC in the upper‐third of the stomach, in which the gastric reservoir, gastric acid secretion, and intrinsic factors are maintained. Distal gastrectomy (DG) with a small remnant stomach, namely subtotal gastrectomy (STG), is another option for upper EGC, where the function of the cardia and fundus is preserved. Pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy (PPG) is a good alternative to DG for EGC in the middle‐third of the stomach, where pyloric function is preserved. Following elucidation of the markedly low incidences of possible metastasis to lymph node stations where dissection is omitted, the oncological safety of these FPG procedures was clarified. Nutritional advantages of PG or STG over TG have been reported; however, the standardized reconstruction methods after PG are yet to be established, and it is important to devise methods to prevent postoperative gastroesophageal reflux and anastomotic complications regardless of the reconstruction method. Nutritional benefits of PPG compared with DG have also been clarified, in which reducing postoperative gastric stasis is important. For the further spread of these FPG procedures, several issues, such as precise evaluation of preserved function, confirmation of oncological safety, and standardization of the technique, should be addressed in future prospective randomized controlled trials.
Designing industrial landscapes for mitigating air pollution with spatially‐explicit techno‐ecological synergy
Authors: Charles Michael , Bakshi Bhavik R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAir pollution has posed health and environmental threats since the Industrial Revolution. Technological solutions present major expenses for industry, yet nature's ecosystems also provide pollution uptake. In the pursuit of techno‐ecological sustainable design, this work presents a framework for spatially‐explicit industrial site design that determines where and when ecological restoration should be considered. The framework considers land use changes and identifies the cheapest balance between technological and ecological uptake for industrial landscapes, including the impacts of long term ecological growth dynamics. This work presents the framework's construction along with a case study conducted for a coal‐fired power station in Ohio. The results provide spatial maps of proposed restoration areas, projected savings values, and spatial‐temporal maps that consider annual budget constraints. The results demonstrate a significant sensitivity to land use restoration costs and highlights ecological advantages, like simultaneous uptake of different chemical species.
Interlayer bonding between thermoplastic composites and metals by in‐situ polymerization technique
Authors: Robert Colin , Mamalis Dimitrios , Obande Winifred , Koutsos Vasileios , Ó Brádaigh Conchúr M. , Ray Dipa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) offer the superior characteristics of polymer composites (i.e., light weight, high strength and stiffness) with the ductility and fracture strength of metals. The bond strength between the two dissimilar materials, composite and metal, dictates the properties and performance of the FMLs. The bonding becomes more critical when the polymer matrix is thermoplastic and hydrophobic in nature. This work employed a novel bonding technique between thermoplastic composites and a metal layer using six different combinations of organic coatings. The flexural, and interlaminar shear strength of the thermoplastic fiber metal laminates (TP‐FMLs) were examined to investigate the bond strengths in the different cases along with fracture characteristics revealed from the tested samples using scanning electron microscopy. The viscoelastic performance of the fabricated TP‐FMLs were also investigated using the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis method.
Improved tribological and thermo‐mechanical properties of epoxy resin with micro‐nano structured ZrO2/Ti3C2 particles
Authors: Yi Jie , Yang Yaru , Zhang Yalin , Cao Miao , Wang Tianle , Guan Jipeng , Xiao Yunchao , Zhang Yuanjie , Tang Bolin , Shen Xiaojun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInherent brittleness and poor wear resistance of epoxy resin severely restricts its practical application in many applications. In this present, a micro‐nano structured ZrO2/Ti3C2 particle was employed to improve the tribological and thermo‐mechanical properties of epoxy resin. The micro‐nano structured ZrO2/Ti3C2 particles are synthesized by hydrothermal growth of nano‐ZrO2 onto the surface of accordion‐like Ti3C2, and the ZrO2/Ti3C2/epoxy composites are fabricated by solution blending and curing reaction. The surface morphology of ZrO2/Ti3C2 particles and the fracture surface of ZrO2/Ti3C2/epoxy composites were investigated. Test results indicated that the wear rate, storage modulus and glass transition temperature of epoxy resin is effectively improved by incorporation of ZrO2/Ti3C2 particles, maybe ascribing to the strong interfacial interaction between micro‐nano structured ZrO2/Ti3C2 and epoxy matrix. In addition, the wear mechanism of ZrO2/Ti3C2/epoxy composites were further revealed by analyzing their worn surfaces and wear debris. This work provides a promising strategy for improving the tribological and thermo‐mechanical properties of epoxy.
Spherical hybrid filler BN@Al2O3 via chemical adhesive for enhancing thermal conductivity and processability of silicon rubber
Authors: Guan Shengwen , Su Ziru , Chen Feng , Fu Qiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is an ideal candidate material for electrical and electronic systems due to its excellent performance. However, the addition of platelet‐like h‐BN leads to a dramatic increase of viscosity of composites and anisotropic thermal conductivity of composites. Herein, modified h‐BN (m‐BN) was coated onto spherical α‐Al2O3 via chemical adhesive, and core‐shell structured hybrid spherical filler (m‐BN@Al2O3) was prepared. Furthermore, the microstructure, rheology, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of hybrid filler/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were studied. At 60 vol% filler loading, the thermal conductivity of m‐BN@Al2O3/PDMS is up to 2.23 W·m−1·K−1, which is 86% higher than that of Al2O3/PDMS and the ratio of in‐plane diffusivity to through‐plane diffusivity decreases from 2.0 to 1.0. At meanwhile, the viscosity of m‐BN@Al2O3/PDMS is about one fourth of the viscosity of m‐BN/Al2O3/PDMS. This simple and versatile strategy opens a pavement for enhancing the thermal conductivity of polymer and has great potential in high‐frequency communication.
Removal behavior and mechanism of silver from low concentration wastewater using cellulose aerogel modified by thiosemicarbazide
Authors: Liu Yifan , Pei Ruihan , Lv Yuancai , Lin Chunxiang , Huang Jianhui , Liu Minghua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDue to the low concentration of silver in water, most of the cellulose adsorbents exhibited low removal efficiency, which greatly limited their practical applications. Herein, a cellulose aerogel modified by thiosemicarbamide (CAT) was fabricated for reducing and adsorbing silver ions from low concentration wastewater. The characterization results concluded that CAT owned a three‐dimensional spongy structure with many circular microspheres and a better specific surface area (19.37 m2 g−1), as well as the functional groups of ─C═N+─H and ─(C═S)─N. The static batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that CAT could reached the maximum removal percentage of 94.94% and adsorption capacity of 42.12 mg g−1 under the initial concentration of Ag(I) was 15 mg L−1 and the pH value was 7. Meanwhile, the adsorption of Ag(I) on CAT was second‐order reaction, and the Langmuir model could better fit the adsorption process. In addition, CAT exhibited wide pH values (1–9) adaptability and excellent adsorption performance for silver through electrostatic interaction, chelation, and reduction. This study probably provides a new method as well as important experimental data and theoretical reference for the removal of silver ions and other metals.
AtmosphericCO2/CH4permeability ofEVAcopolymer/SiO2composite membrane for biogas purification
Authors: Watasit Prachya , Rukchonlatee Suparat , Ausavasukhi Artit , Ritvirulh Chonlada , Sooknoi Tawan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe CO2and CH4permeabilities of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA)/SiO2composite membrane were investigated at atmospheric pressure. The membranes were fabricated by compression molding and characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, a universal testing machine, and a contact angle analyzer. The effect of vinyl acetate content (18–33 wt%) was evaluated for both single‐gas and mixed‐gas permeation systems. A non‐pressurized homemade‐permeation cell was used for the single‐gas permeation of CO2and CH4, while a tubular membrane was utilized for a continuous separation of CO2/CH4mixture. CO2flux was readily increased (from 0.7 to 2.0 ml/m2.s) with vinyl acetate content (18–33 wt%). The enhanced CO2permeability is attributed to the increase in polarity and also the decrease in crystallinity of the membrane. A satisfied gas separation selectivity (CO2/CH4) of 4.31 could be obtained from tubular membrane with 28 wt% VA content. The incorporation of SiO2as a filler (0.5–2.0 wt%) especially increased the membrane polarity and hence the CO2flux up to 6.0 ml/m2.s. However, the CH4flux was not affected by VA and SiO2contents.
Using parsed and annotated corpora to analyze parliamentarians' talk in Finland
Authors: Andrushchenko Mykola , Sandberg Kirsi , Turunen Risto , Marjanen Jani , Hatavara Mari , Kurunmäki Jussi , Nummenmaa Timo , Hyvärinen Matti , Teräs Kari , Peltonen Jaakko , Nummenmaa Jyrki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a search system for grammatically analyzed corpora of Finnish parliamentary records and interviews with former parliamentarians, annotated with metadata of talk structure and involved parliamentarians, and discuss their use through carefully chosen digital humanities case studies. We first introduce the construction, contents, and principles of use of the corpora. Then we discuss the application of the search system and the corpora to study how politicians talk about power, how ideological terms are used in political speech, and how to identify narratives in the data. All case studies stem from questions in the humanities and the social sciences, but rely on the grammatically parsed corpora in both identifying and quantifying passages of interest. Finally, the paper discusses the role of natural language processing methods for questions in the (digital) humanities. It makes the claim that a digital humanities inquiry of parliamentary speech and interviews with politicians cannot only rely on computational humanities modeling, but needs to accommodate a range of perspectives starting with simple searches, quantitative exploration, and ending with modeling. Furthermore, the digital humanities need a more thorough discussion about how the utilization of tools from information science and technologies alter the research questions posed in the humanities.
Selective catalytic hydrogenation of biomass derived furans to secondary alcohols using Pt/polyoxometalate catalysts under mild reaction conditions
Authors: Sherbi Magdy , Stuckart Maria , Albert Jakob 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPromising bifunctional catalyst systems composed of platinum and polyoxometalates (POMs) were applied successfully for the selective catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5‐dimethylfuran (DMF) to 2‐hexanol under mild conditions. Pt(acac)2 was found to be the most active Pt precursor for the ring opening of DMF, and the Keggin‐type POM K3[PW12O40] was identified as the most promoting acidic support for 2‐hexanol formation at 80 °C and 10 bar H2 pressure using n‐decane as a carrier liquid. It was revealed that modifications in the synthetic procedure of the Pt/K3[PW12O40] catalytic system allowed its catalytic performance to be enhanced. Thus, a higher yield of 2‐hexanol (72.5%) was achieved compared to that (49%) obtained using a commercial Pt/C catalyst with the same Pt loading. The Wells–Dawson‐type POM containing catalyst Pt/K6[α‐P2W18O62] was found to be selective for 2‐hexanon formation (56.4% yield) under identical reaction conditions. Furthermore, furan and 2‐methylfuran were also selectively hydrogenated to 1‐butanol (59.7% yield) and 1/2‐pentanol (44.3% yield), respectively, under the applied reaction conditions. Moreover, using analytical tools like N2‐physisorption, NH3‐TPD, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), CO chemisorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealed that the higher total acid site density of the K3[PW12O40] enhances C=O hydrogenation and overcomes the rate‐limiting step of 2‐hexanone hydrogenation to 2‐hexanol. This demonstrates the high performance of the bi‐functional catalyst system Pt/K3[PW12O40] towards ring opening of various furans and the very high selectivity towards alcohol formation. This approach opens new interesting valorization pathways for several furanic compounds with respect to sustainable alcohol formation. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and cancer
Authors: Stingi Aureliano , Cirillo Luca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite huge efforts towards understanding the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pathogenesis, little is known about the long‐term consequences of the disease. Here, we critically review existing literature about oncogenesis as a potential long‐term effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Like other viral infections, SARS‐CoV‐2 may promote cancer onset by inhibiting tumor suppressor genes. We conclude that, although unlikely, such hypothesis cannot be excluded a priori and we delineate an experimental approach to address it. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/TBUTDSLR7vY
Modern cities modelled as “super‐cells” rather than multicellular organisms: Implications for industry, goods and services
Authors: Chang Jie , Ge Ying , Wu Zhaoping , Du Yuanyuan , Pan Kaixuan , Yang Guofu , Ren Yuan , Heino Mikko P. , Mao Feng , Cheong Kang Hao , Qu Zelong , Fan Xing , Min Yong , Peng Changhui , Meyerson Laura A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe structure and “metabolism” (movement and conversion of goods and energy) of urban areas has caused cities to be identified as “super‐organisms”, placed between ecosystems and the biosphere, in the hierarchy of living systems. Yet most such analogies are weak, and render the super‐organism model ineffective for sustainable development of cities. Via a cluster analysis of 15 shared traits of the hierarchical living system, we found that industrialized cities are more similar to eukaryotic cells than to multicellular organisms; enclosed systems, such as factories and greenhouses, paralleling organelles in eukaryotic cells. We further developed a “super‐cell” industrialized city model: a “eukarcity” with citynucleus (urban area) as a regulating centre, and organaras (enclosed systems, which provide the majority of goods and services) as the functional components, and cityplasm (natural ecosystems and farmlands) as the matrix. This model may improve the vitality and sustainability of cities through planning and management.