bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture Strength of Interim CAD/CAM and Conventional Partial Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin , Zirkel Cory , Makwoka Seteven , Li Rui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurpose To compare the fracture strength of three‐unit provisional partial fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated by an indirect‐direct technique from poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) through digital and conventional workflows, and FDPs fabricated by a direct technique using Bisacryl (BisA) and externally reinforced BisA.Materials and Methods Forty partially edentulous typodonts with a missing mandibular left first molar and standard preparations on mandibular left second premolar and molar were used to fabricate three‐unit provisional FDPs. Two materials and two techniques were used to fabricate a total of forty provisional FDPs: (1) BisA; (2) BisA reinforced with glass fiber strips [BisA‐GFR]; (3) conventionally fabricated PMMA shell relined with PMMA [C‐PMMA]; (4) CAD/CAM fabricated PMMA shell relined with PMMA [CAD/CAM‐PMMA]. Provisional FDPs were then luted onto the preparations using a temporary cement. Specimens were mounted onto a chewing simulator; 20,000 cycles of 70 N forces were applied under 25°C distilled water. Specimens were then loaded to fracture using a universal testing machine (The Dillion Quantrol TC2i; Mecmesin) with a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. One‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post hoc test, was used to assess the effect of production technique on the fracture strength of the provisional FPDs (α = 0.5).Results Mean fracture strengths recorded for the CAD/CAM‐PMMA, C‐PMMA, BisA, and BisA‐GFR groups were 520 N, 448 N, 245 N, and 169 N, respectively. PMMA groups had significantly (p < 0.0001; F = 24.40) higher fracture strength compared to Bisacryl groups.Conclusion When high occlusal forces are expected, provisional FDPs fabricated with PMMA using the indirect‐direct technique are recommended, irrespective of CAD/CAM or conventional workflow.
Use of online questionnaires to identify emotions elicited by different types of corn tortilla in consumers of different gender and age groups
Authors: Santiago‐Cruz Ivett Abigaic , de Jesús Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel , López‐Espíndola Mirna , Hidalgo‐Contreras Juan Valente , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to identify the emotions that are usually elicited by four types of corn tortillas available in the Mexican market (homemade, from tortilla store, from supermarket, and plastic bagged). An internet survey was conducted with 378 Mexican consumers. Gender and age factors were used to identify differences on emotions elicited by the four tortilla types. Emotions such as happy, pleasant, mild, good nature, enthusiastic, free, warm, loving, joyful, adventurous, secure, and nostalgic were associated with homemade corn tortillas. Also, emotions such as good, active, and calm were associated with tortilla from tortilla store. Supermarket corn tortilla and plastic bagged corn tortilla elicited negative emotions such as wild, aggressive, disgusted, guilty, worried, and bored. Differences were found among age groups suggesting generational effects rather that gender effects on elicited emotions in consumers.Practical applicationsFindings from this study highlight the emotions elicited by the consumption of different types of corn tortillas in people of different gender and age that may be related to the purchase intention of consumers of this product. These results are important for the industry and small companies dedicated to the production of tortillas at an international and national level.
Relationship between beta‐adrenergic agonists, calpain system activity and beef texture: A systematic review
Authors: Cruz Fábio L. , de Carvalho Elisa B. , Ramos Eduardo M. , Pereira Luciano J. , Zangeronimo Márcio G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe objective was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with beta‐adrenergic agonists on calpains and calpastatin activity in bovine muscle and changes in meat tenderness. A survey was conducted in June 2019 on Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Capes Periodicals, using four keyword combinations: agonist and calpain and cattle; agonist and calpain and bovine; agonist and calpain and heifers; agonist and calpain and steers. Thirteen studies were selected, 54% concluded that supplementation with beta‐adrenergic agonists increases calpastatin activity, 23% observed increase in their gene expression and 23% reported no effect on activity or expression of this enzyme. Nine studies evaluated the influence of beta‐adrenergic agonists supplementation on meat texture and all found an increase in shear force values. There is strong evidence that beta‐adrenergic agonists may increase calpastatin activity in the muscle, causing damage to meat tenderness.
The Elusive Inclusive University: What Does This Look Like for Students With Intellectual Disability? An Irish Perspective
Authors: O'Donovan Mary‐Ann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the policy and system context for transition to third‐level education for people with an intellectual disability (ID), using Bourdieu's theory of reproduction as a framework, with the situation in the Republic of Ireland as a case study.BackgroundThe “massification” of higher education (HE) has resulted in ever increasing numbers of students progressing to postsecondary level education (PSE). Progressing to HE has become embedded within the normative life course and an expected transition for young adults. This article questions the extent to which the field of HE is ready for students with ID, in the context of limited capital and differing experience of the dominant habitus.MethodologyUsing the Republic of Ireland, and in particular Trinity College Dublin as the first HE institute in Ireland to offer a full‐time, 2 years course for people with ID, the access experience of people with ID is examined in the context of current national policy and system issues in the HE sector.ResultsThere is a disjuncture between the level of demand for university places and supply. In addition, the transition to third‐level education for students with ID is populated with unique challenges, which differ from peers without ID.ConclusionThis article demonstrates how such programs can highlight the extent to which the field of HE responds to the inclusion of students with intellectual disability, as well as the policy and system issues that need to be responsive to a cohort of students with differing habitus and capital, to support fully the engagement and participation of students with ID in HE. A dearth of evidence exists, and the author proposes that Bourdieu's theory of reproduction can provide a useful framework for future research.
Identification of genomic differences between the sexes and sex‐specific molecular markers in Monostroma angicava (Ulvophyceae)
Authors: Horinouchi Yusuke , Togashi Tatsuya 
Published: January 2021

There is little information available regarding genomic differences between sexes in ulvophycean green algae. The detection of these differences will enable the development of sex‐discriminating molecular markers, which are useful for algae showing little apparent difference between sexes. In this study, we identified male‐ and female‐specific DNA sequences in the ulvophycean marine green alga Monostroma angicava, which has a dioicous heteromorphic haplo‐diplontic life cycle, via next‐generation sequencing. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that signals for the sex‐specific sequences exist only in the nuclei of the corresponding sex, confirming the specificity of the sequences. Sex‐specific molecular markers that targeted these sequences successfully distinguished the sex of gametophytes even in geographically distant populations, indicating that the sex‐specific sequences are universal. These results consistently suggest that male and female gametophytes of M. angicava are genetically different, implying that sex may be determined genetically in this alga.
Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C is associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Su Xin , Zhao Xin , Deng Jia‐Long , Li Song‐Nan , Du Xin , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Ma Chang‐Sheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHepatitis C virus infection (HCV) may be associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the evidence for whether antiviral therapy for HCV could reduce the risk of CVD events is inconsistent. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to investigate the association between anti‐HCV treatment and the risk of CVD. We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases from inception to 20 August 2020. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the risk of CVD events [any CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke] was calculated using the random‐effects model. A total of eleven studies, including 309,470 subjects, were enrolled in this meta‐analysis. Among those, four studies reported on any CVD between anti‐HCV–treated and anti‐HCV–untreated patients, five studies reported on CAD, and five studies reported on stroke. Also, five studies reported on any CVD between patients with sustained virological response (SVR) and without SVR. Overall, antiviral therapy for HCV was associated with a reduced risk of any CVD (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50–0.83), CAD (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.96) and stroke (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64–0.86). Besides, we found that SVR was associated with a significant decrease in any CVD compared with non‐SVR (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.92). In conclusion, this meta‐analysis demonstrated that antiviral therapy for HCV was associated with a reduced risk of CVD events. In addition, the risk of CVD events was lower in individuals with SVR compared with those without SVR.
Impact of maternal infection with hepatitis B virus on pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment: A population‐based study
Authors: Xiong Yiquan , Liu Chunrong , Huang Shiyao , Wang Jing , Qi Yana , Yao Guanhua , Sun Wei , Qian Yongyao , Ye Lishan , Liu Hui , Xu Qiushi , Zou Kang , Tan Jing , Sun Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) status on pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes for women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). A total of 7,011 pregnancies achieved by ART were included from a population‐based database involving 523,111 pregnancies. Exposures of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) among pregnant women were routinely tested at the first antenatal visit for all pregnancies. We collected pregnancy complications (e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy [ICP]), neonatal outcomes and confounding variables from the same database. Univariate and multivariate analyses by adjusting confounders were conducted to evaluate the impact of maternal HBV infection. Prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity (HBsAg+) was 11.34% (95% CI 10.6–12.1) and that of HBsAg and HBeAg co‐seropositivity (HBsAg+HBeAg+) was 2.55% (2.1–3.0) among included population. Compared with HBsAg−group, ICP risk in the HBsAg+group was higher (4.03% vs. 1.79%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.49, 1.65−3.77). Similarly, ICP prevalence in the HBsAg+HBeAg+ group was higher than that in the HBsAg−HBeAg− group (6.47% vs. 1.61%; aOR 4.78, 2.28–9.98). No associations were found between maternal HBV infection (i.e., HBsAg+, HBsAg+HBeAg+, or HBsAg+HBeAg−) and other adverse outcomes for women undergoing ART (i.e., GDM, pre‐eclampsia, placental previa, premature separation of placenta, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth and low birthweight) in this study. In conclusion, maternal HBV infection (HBsAg+or HBsAg+HBeAg+) probably increase ICP risk, but may not associate with other pregnancy complications or neonatal outcomes for pregnant women who underwent ART.
Coordination of stem and leaf traits define different strategies to regulate water loss and tolerance ranges to aridity
Authors: López Rosana , Cano Francisco Javier , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas K. , Cochard Hervé , Choat Brendan 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Adaptation to drought involves complex interactions of traits that vary within and among species. To date, few data are available to quantify within‐species variation in functional traits and they are rarely integrated into mechanistic models to improve predictions of species response to climate change.

We quantified intraspecific variation in functional traits of two Hakea species growing along an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Measured traits were later used to parameterise the model SurEau to simulate a transplantation experiment to identify the limits of drought tolerance.

Embolism resistance varied between species but not across populations. Instead, populations adjusted to drier conditions via contrasting sets of trait trade‐offs that facilitated homeostasis of plant water status. The species from relatively mesic climate, Hakea dactyloides, relied on tight stomatal control whereas the species from xeric climate, Hakea leucoptera dramatically increased Huber value and leaf mass per area, while leaf area index (LAI) and epidermal conductance (gmin) decreased. With trait variability, SurEau predicts the plasticity of LAI and gmin buffers the impact of increasing aridity on population persistence.

Knowledge of within‐species variability in multiple drought tolerance traits will be crucial to accurately predict species distributional limits.
Genome‐wide discovery of natural variation in pre‐mRNA splicing and prioritising causal alternative splicing to salt stress response in rice
Authors: Yu Huihui , Du Qian , Campbell Malachy , Yu Bin , Walia Harkamal , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Pre‐mRNA splicing is an essential step for the regulation of gene expression. In order to specifically capture splicing variants in plants for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), we developed a software tool to quantify and visualise Variations of Splicing in Population (VaSP).

VaSP can quantify splicing variants from short‐read RNA‐seq datasets and discover genotype‐specific splicing (GSS) events, which can be used to prioritise causal pre‐mRNA splicing events in GWAS. We applied our method to an RNA‐seq dataset with 328 samples from 82 genotypes from a rice diversity panel exposed to optimal and saline growing conditions.

In total, 764 significant GSS events were identified in salt stress conditions. GSS events were used as markers for a GWAS with the shoot Na+ accumulation, which identified six GSS events in five genes significantly associated with the shoot Na+ content. Two of these genes, OsNUC1 and OsRAD23 emerged as top candidate genes with splice variants that exhibited significant divergence between the variants for shoot growth under salt stress conditions.

VaSP is a versatile tool for alternative splicing analysis in plants and a powerful tool for prioritising candidate causal pre‐mRNA splicing and corresponding genomic variations in GWAS.
The maximum growth rate hypothesis is correct for eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, but not cyanobacteria
Authors: Rees T. A. V. , Raven John A. 
Published: January 2021

Summary

The (maximum) growth rate (µmax) hypothesis predicts that cellular and tissue phosphorus (P) concentrations should increase with increasing growth rate, and RNA should also increase as most of the P is required to make ribosomes.

Using published data, we show that though there is a strong positive relationship between the µmax of all photosynthetic organisms and their P content (% dry weight), leading to a relatively constant P productivity, the relationship with RNA content is more complex.

In eukaryotes there is a strong positive relationship between µmax and RNA content expressed as % dry weight, and RNA constitutes a relatively constant 25% of total P. In prokaryotes the rRNA operon copy number is the important determinant of the amount of RNA present in the cell. The amount of phospholipid expressed as % dry weight increases with increasing µmax in microalgae. The relative proportions of each of the five major P‐containing constituents is remarkably constant, except that the proportion of RNA is greater and phospholipids smaller in prokaryotic than eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. The effect of temperature differences between studies was minor.

The evidence for and against P‐containing constituents other than RNA being involved with ribosome synthesis and functioning is discussed.
Plastidial retrograde modulation of light and hormonal signaling: an odyssey
Authors: Jiang Jishan , Dehesh Katayoon 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe transition from an engulfed autonomous unicellular photosynthetic bacterium to a semiautonomous endosymbiont plastid was accompanied by the transfer of genetic material from the endosymbiont to the nuclear genome of the host, followed by the establishment of plastid‐to‐nucleus (retrograde) signaling. The retrograde coordinated activities of the two subcellular genomes ensure chloroplast biogenesis and function as the photosynthetic hub and sensing and signaling center that tailors growth‐regulating and adaptive processes. This review specifically focuses on the current knowledge of selected stress‐induced retrograde signals, genomes uncoupled 1 (GUN1), methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP), apocarotenoid and β‐cyclocitral, and 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphate (PAP), which evolved to establish the photoautotrophic lifestyle and are instrumental in the integration of light and hormonal signaling networks to ultimately fashion adaptive responses in an ever‐changing environment.
Genes derived from ancient polyploidy have higher genetic diversity and are associated with domestication in Brassica rapa
Authors: Qi Xinshuai , An Hong , Hall Tara E. , Di Chenlu , Blischak Paul D. , McKibben Michael T. W. , Hao Yue , Conant Gavin C. , Pires J. Chris , Barker Michael S. 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Many crops are polyploid or have a polyploid ancestry. Recent phylogenetic analyses have found that polyploidy often preceded the domestication of crop plants. One explanation for this observation is that increased genetic diversity following polyploidy may have been important during the strong artificial selection that occurs during domestication.

In order to test the connection between domestication and polyploidy, we identified and examined candidate genes associated with the domestication of the diverse crop varieties of Brassica rapa. Like all ‘diploid’ flowering plants, B. rapa has a diploidized paleopolyploid genome and experienced many rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD). We analyzed transcriptome data of more than 100 cultivated B. rapa accessions.

Using a combination of approaches, we identified > 3000 candidate genes associated with the domestication of four major B. rapa crop varieties. Consistent with our expectation, we found that the candidate genes were significantly enriched with genes derived from the Brassiceae mesohexaploidy. We also observed that paleologs were significantly more diverse than non‐paleologs.

Our analyses find evidence for that genetic diversity derived from ancient polyploidy played a key role in the domestication of B. rapa and provide support for its importance in the success of modern agriculture.
High‐dose vitamin D during pregnancy and pathway gene polymorphisms in prevention of offspring persistent wheeze
Authors: Brustad Nicklas , Greve Jens H. , Mirzakhani Hooman , Pedersen Casper‐Emil T. , Eliasen Anders U. , Stokholm Jakob , Lasky‐Su Jessica , Bønnelykke Klaus , Litonjua Augusto A. , Weiss Scott T. , Bisgaard Hans , Chawes Bo L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest a protective effect of high‐dose vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy on offspring risk of persistent wheeze, but only in some individuals, which might be explained by variations in vitamin D pathway genes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation by maternal and offspring vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype and GC genotype, encoding vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), in two RCTs.MethodsIn the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC2010) RCT, we analyzed the effect of high‐dose vitamin D during pregnancy on the risk of persistent wheeze age 0‐3 years by variants in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR (rs1544410, rs2228570, rs7975128, rs7975232) and GC (rs4588, rs7041). Replication was sought in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART).ResultsIn COPSAC2010, VDR SNP rs1544410 influenced the effect of high‐dose vitamin D: maternal Pinteraction = .049 and child Pinteraction = .001, with the largest effect in offspring from mothers with TT genotype: hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.26 (0.10‐0.68), P = .006, and no effect among CT or CC genotypes: 0.85 (0.48‐1.51), P = .58 and 0.94 (0.47‐1.89), P = .87, respectively. However, these findings were not replicated in VDAART. There was no significant effect modification from maternal or offspring GC genotype in either COPSAC2010 or VDAART: all Pinteraction ≥ .17.ConclusionsWe found that the effect of high‐dose vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on offspring risk of persistent wheeze was significantly influenced by VDR genotype in the COPSAC2010 RCT, but not VDAART, which may be due to population differences.
Germline variants in exonic regions have limited impact on immune checkpoint blockade clinical outcomes in advanced melanoma
Authors: Montaudié Henri , Beranger Guillaume Emmanuel , Reinier Frédéric , Nottet Nicolas , Martin Hélène , Picard‐Gauci Alexandra , Troin Laura , Ballotti Robert , Passeron Thierry 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) treatments improve outcomes for metastatic melanoma; however, up to 60% of treated patients do not respond to ICI and/or develop immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Currently, robust and reliable biomarker to predict response and/or occurrence of irAEs to ICI are missing. Herein, we wanted to explore whether germline variants (SNPs) could predict the clinical outcomes of melanoma patients treated with ICIs. We performed a whole exome sequencing using gDNA isolated from blood, from a discovery cohort of 57 patients with metastatic melanoma. The top associations were then tested in a validation cohort of 57 patients. Our work suggests that individual germline genetic variants have no or weak impact on the response to ICIs. Only, variants in IL1RL1 have a significant impact in treatment response. The role of IL1RL1 in the immune response against melanoma and as a theranostic marker warrants further investigations.