bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in North Shewa, Ethiopia
Authors: Fiseha Temesgen , Alemu Worku , Dereje Henok , Tamir Zemenu , Gebreweld Angesom 
Published: April 2021

Background
Data on the burden of dyslipidaemia among people with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa are limited and little is known about the factors contributing for poor lipid profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and factors associated with lipid levels among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line combination ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2018 among 392 HIV-infected adults receiving first-line ART for at least six months at the ART clinic of Mehal Meda Hospital in North Shewa, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and CD4 counts. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with lipid abnormalities.

Results
The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 59.9% (95% CI 55.0–64.7%). High TC, high TG, low HDL-c, and high LDL-c were obtained in 47.3%, 30.9%, 19.4% and 29.6%, respectively. Fifty-four participants (13.8%) had high ratio of TC/HDL-c (TC/HDL-c ratio ≥ 5). Older age was independently associated with high TC (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.64–3.84), high TG (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.85–4.71), low HDL–c (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.17–3.50), and high LDL–c (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI 2.08–5.47). Living in an urban area (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.16–6.14) and smoking (AOR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.06–12.34) were associated with low HDL–c. Participants with longer duration of ART use were more likely to have high TG (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.13–3.07), low HDL–c (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.75–6.80), and high LDL–c (AOR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.30–3.71). High BMI was independently associated with higher TC (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.19–4.97), high TG (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI 2.01–8.67) and high LDL–c (AOR = 6.53, 95% CI 3.05–13.98).

Conclusions
We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia among HIV-infected patients receiving first-line ART in North Shewa, Ethiopia. There is a need for monitoring of blood lipid levels in patients with HIV on long term first-line ART with a special attention to be focused on older age, urban residents, longer duration of ART use, high BMI and smokers.
Serum N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen as a biomarker for predicting bone density loss in patients with Crohn disease
Authors: Ishida Natsuki , Higuchi Tomohiro , Miyazu Takahiro , Tamura Satoshi , Suzuki Satoshi , Tani Shinya , Yamade Mihoko , Iwaizumi Moriya , Hamaya Yasushi , Osawa Satoshi , Furuta Takahisa , Sugimoto Ken 
Published: April 2021

Background
The serum N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) is significantly higher in patients with Crohn disease (CD) than in healthy individuals and patients with ulcerative colitis. This study aimed to investigate whether an elevated serum NTx level is a risk predictor of osteoporosis in patients with CD.

Methods
Based on whether the femoral Z-score decreased over a 2-year period, 41 CD patients were divided into the ΔZ-score <0 group (Z-score decreased) and the ΔZ-score ≥0 group (Z-score did not decrease). The risk predictors of a femoral Z-score decrease were examined. Furthermore, we investigated the correlations between the ΔZ-score (which represents the change in the Z-score over a 2-year period) and the mean levels of biomarkers, including the Crohn Disease Activity Index (CDAI), serum albumin, C-reactive protein, and bone metabolism markers (including NTx) measured initially (i.e., in our previous study) and 2 years later (present study). The relationships between anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNF-α) therapy and serum NTx levels were also examined.

Results
Although there was no correlation between the mean CDAI and the ΔZ-score, the mean serum NTx and albumin levels were significantly correlated with the ΔZ-score (P<0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, the femoral Z-score tended to be lower in the anti-TNF-α administration group than in the non-administration group.

Conclusions
These observations indicated that an elevated serum NTx could be a useful marker for predicting a decrease in the femoral bone mineral density in CD patients. Anti-TNF-α therapy maintained an elevated serum NTx level, suggesting that treatment with anti-TNF-α may help control increased bone resorption in CD patients.
Person–environment fit and medical professionals’ job satisfaction, turnover intention, and professional efficacy: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai
Authors: Xiao Yuyin , Dong Minye , Shi Chenshu , Zeng Wu , Shao Zhenyi , Xie Hua , Li Guohong 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Using the person-environment (PE) fit theory, this study aims to explore factors affecting medical professionals’ job satisfaction, turnover intention, and professional efficacy, and to examine individual characters associated with PE fit.

Design and methods
This study used data from the sixth National Health Service Survey conducted in 2018, with a focus on job outcomes among medical professionals in Shanghai. The reliability and validity of the tools for measuring PE and job outcomes were calculated. A structural equation model was used to examine the relationship among person-job (PJ) fit and person-group (PG) fit, job satisfaction, turnover intention, and professional efficacy. Finally, a hierarchical regression model was used to analyze the association between demographic variables and the PJ and PG fit.

Results
PG fit was directly and positively associated with job satisfaction and professional efficacy. PJ fit had a direct and positive association with job satisfaction but had a direct and negative association with turnover intention. The indirect association of PJ fit with turnover intention was statistically significant. The results from the hierarchical regression analysis showed that younger physicians generally had a lower level of PJ fit and older physicians with higher education tended to have a lower level of PG fit.

Conclusions
Medical professionals with higher PJ or PG fit have higher job satisfaction, and those with higher PG fit have higher professional efficacy. The impact of PJ fit on turnover intention was mediated by job satisfaction. Healthcare managers should take actions to effectively promote medical professionals’ PJ and PG fit to improve their retention and efficiency.
Delusion progression process from the perspective of patients with psychoses: A descriptive study based on the primary delusion concept of Karl Jaspers
Authors: Hayashi Naoki , Igarashi Yoshito , Harima Hirohiko 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundDelusion occupies an important position in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with psychoses. Although Karl Jaspers’ concept of the primary delusion (PD) is a key hypothesis in descriptive phenomenology concerning the primordial experience of delusion, to our knowledge it has not been verified in empirical studies of patients with psychosis, and the relationship between PDs and fully developed delusions remains unclear.MethodsThe subjects were 108 psychiatric patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had persisting delusions. This investigation used a newly devised semi-structured interview, the Delusion and its Origin Assessment Interview (DOAI), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. PDs enquired about in the DOAI were delusional perception, delusional memory, delusional mood, and delusional intuition. Associations of PDs with delusion themes and delusion features extracted from DOAI items by factor analysis were examined using correlational and MANCOVA regression analyses. Reliability studies of the DOAI were also conducted.ResultsThe reliability and correlation analyses suggested robust psychometric properties of the DOAI. The percentages of subjects reporting PD phenomena as delusion origins and currently present were 93% and 84%, respectively. MANCOVA revealed several significant associations, including between delusional perception and delusional mood and persecutory themes, between delusional intuition and grandiose delusions, and between delusional perception and intuition and systematization of delusions.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that PDs can be considered as principal origins of delusions by subjects with psychosis, and have meaningful connections with the characteristics of their fully developed delusions. The associations between PDs and delusion characteristics can be interpreted in terms of progression processes of delusions, which are seen as intensification and generalization of cognitive and affective pathologies in PDs. The findings are also consistent with the neurobiological hypothesis that aberrant salience attribution to stimuli, as in PDs, is the primary phenomenon caused by abnormal dopamine system regulation. Further studies are needed to clarify delusion progression processes relating to PDs and to substantiate their clinical meanings.
Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with benzyl alcohol over H-MCM-22
Authors: Karabulut Deniz , Akyalcin Sema 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
MCM-22 was synthesized by using silicic acid powder as a silica source under the static hydrothermal condition and characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. The liquid phase benzylation of benzene with benzyl alcohol to diphenylmethane was investigated over H-MCM-22. The effects of reaction parameters on the conversion of benzyl alcohol and product distribution were determined. Under optimal reaction conditions, diphenylmethane yield of 92.1% was achieved for 99.3% conversion of benzyl alcohol in 3 h of reaction period. The reusability of the catalyst was also investigated after calcination of the catalyst in stagnant air at 500 °C for 4 h. The results show that the organic species produced during the reaction deposited in the catalyst lead to the deactivation of the catalyst and the calcination of the deactivated catalyst causes catalyst dealumination.
Taxonomy of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina: the occurrence of the “mendocinus” lineage
Authors: Tammone Mauro N. , Pardiñas Ulyses F.J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Subterranean rodents Ctenomys are iconic representatives of the mammalian fauna from southern South America. Based on molecular data, eight lineages have been identified within the genus, although species-level identifications and relationships are still debated. Until now, the “magellanicus” clade has been the only lineage mentioned from arid, extra-Andean portions of Patagonia. Here, we report the presence of a Ctenomys population from northern Patagonia that is unambiguously associated with the Central Argentinean “mendocinus” lineage. Most of the 160,000 km2 comprising the northern portion of Patagonia – an area consisting primarily of Monte Desert shrub-land – are inhabited by Ctenomys populations of unknown taxonomy.
Nach der Krise ist vor der Krise – für eine rasche Konsolidierung der öffentlichen Haushalte
Authors: Schmidt Christoph M. , Schmidt Torsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPublic debt has increased significantly in the wake of the Corona crisis. In order to remain able to act, public budgets must be consolidated in the coming years. However, no special measures are necessary for this, especially no new taxes. Due to the consolidation of the past years, the debt-to-GDP ratio will probably not exceed the level it reached during the financial crisis. Current policy impulses have been set on the expenditure side. Correspondingly, consolidation should emphasize the reduction of expenditures. An increase of revenues should only be considered, if the measures initially taken prove insufficient.
BIOCONCRETO: A PRÓXIMA GERAÇÃO DE CONCRETO AUTO-REPARÁVEL
Authors: Martins Fabiano Battemarco Da Silva , Gonçalves Jose Roberto Moreira Ribeiro , Paula Liliane Da Silva 
Published: April 2021

O bioconcreto é uma tecnologia que vem sendo muito estudada devido a sua peculiaridade e seus benefícios, pois o crescimento da população mundial e as economias em expansão são duas das principais razões para uma crescente demanda por edifícios e infraestrutura. Em maior parte dos casos, o concreto é o principal elemento de construção dessas estruturas que atendem essas necessidades. A falta de qualidade desses materiais resulta em manutenção e reparo prematuros ou mesmo em desativação e demolição de estruturas, sendo necessária a aplicação de um produto que pudesse reparar essas estruturas de forma segura. Este artigo será uma pesquisa bibliográfica que objetiva introduzir o conceito do Bioconcreto, um material que possui características que permitem a interrupção de fissuras e porosidades interligadas, por meio da precipitação de carbonato de cálcio metabolizada por bactérias. Mas mesmo estruturas de boa qualidade sofrem com o envelhecimento dos materiais dos quais essas estruturas foram construídas. Diante desse fato, considera-se um grande desafio para projetar materiais com um potencial inerente para se reparar uma vez iniciado quaisquer espécimes de deterioração ou envelhecimento.
Mutually Repulsive EphA7–EfnA5 Organize Region-to-Region Corticopontine Projection by Inhibiting Collateral Extension
Authors: Iguchi Tokuichi , Oka Yuichiro , Yasumura Misato , Omi Minoru , Kuroda Kazuki , Yagi Hideshi , Xie Min-Jue , Taniguchi Manabu , Bastmeyer Martin , Sato Makoto 
Published: April 2021

Coordination of skilled movements and motor planning relies on the formation of regionally restricted brain circuits that connect cortex with subcortical areas during embryonic development. Layer 5 neurons that are distributed across most cortical areas innervate the pontine nuclei (basilar pons) by protrusion and extension of collateral branches interstitially along their corticospinal extending axons. Pons-derived chemotropic cues are known to attract extending axons, but molecules that regulate collateral extension to create regionally segregated targeting patterns have not been identified. Here, we discovered thatEphA7andEfnA5are expressed in the cortex and the basilar pons in a region-specific and mutually exclusive manner, and that their repulsive activities are essential for segregating collateral extensions from corticospinal axonal tracts in mice. Specifically,EphA7andEfnA5forward and reverse inhibitory signals direct collateral extension such thatEphA7-positive frontal and occipital cortical areas extend their axon collaterals into theEfnA5-negative rostral part of the basilar pons, whereasEfnA5-positive parietal cortical areas extend their collaterals into theEphA7-negative caudal part of the basilar pons. Together, our results provide a molecular basis that explains how the corticopontine projection connects multimodal cortical outputs to their subcortical targets.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur findings put forward a model in which region-to-region connections between cortex and subcortical areas are shaped by mutually exclusive molecules to ensure the fidelity of regionally restricted circuitry. This model is distinct from earlier work showing that neuronal circuits within individual cortical modalities form in a topographical manner controlled by a gradient of axon guidance molecules. The principle that a shared molecular program of mutually repulsive signaling instructs regional organization—both within each brain region and between connected brain regions—may well be applicable to other contexts in which information is sorted by converging and diverging neuronal circuits.
Experience-Dependent Inhibitory Plasticity Is Mediated by CCK+ Basket Cells in the Developing Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Feng Ting , Alicea Christian , Pham Vincent , Kirk Amanda , Pieraut Simon 
Published: April 2021

Early postnatal experience shapes both inhibitory and excitatory networks in the hippocampus. However, the underlying circuit plasticity is unclear. Using an enriched environment (EE) paradigm during the preweaning period in mice of either sex, we assessed the circuit plasticity of inhibitory cell types in the hippocampus. We found that cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing basket cells strongly increased somatic inhibition on the excitatory granular cells (GCs) following EE, whereas another pivotal inhibitory cell type, parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells, did not show changes. Using electrophysiological analysis and the use of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) agonist WIN 55 212–2, we demonstrate that the change in somatic inhibition from CCK+ neurons increases CB1R-mediated inhibition in the circuit. By inhibiting activity of the entorhinal cortex (EC) using a chemogenetic approach, we further demonstrate that the activity of the projections from the EC mediates the developmental assembly of CCK+ basket cell network. Altogether, our study places the experience-dependent remodeling of CCK+ basket cell innervation as a central process to adjust inhibition in the dentate gyrus and shows that cortical inputs to the hippocampus play an instructional role in controlling the refinement of the synaptic connections during the preweaning period.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain plasticity is triggered by experience during postnatal brain development and shapes the maturing neural circuits. In humans, altered experience-dependent plasticity can have long-lasting detrimental effects on circuit function and lead to psychiatric disorders. Yet, the cellular mechanisms governing how early experience fine-tunes the maturing synaptic network is not fully understood. Here, taking advantage of an enrichment-housing paradigm, we unravel a new plasticity mechanism involved in the maintenance of the inhibitory to excitatory balance in the hippocampus. Our findings demonstrate that cortical activity instructs the assembly of the CCK+ basket cell network. Considering the importance of this specific cell type for learning and memory, experience-dependent remodeling of CCK+ cells may be a critical determinant for establishing appropriate neural networks.
A Manipulation of Semantic Meanings as a Humor Construction Strategy
Authors: Romadlani Muhammad Masqotul Imam 
Published: April 2021

This research is conducted to reveal how humorous utterances are constructed by manipulating semantic meaning especially dealing with lexical semantics. Lexical semantics provides multiple meanings that portray their meaningsâ€™ relationship among a word and they are potentially exploited to elicit humor. This research examines utterances manipulating lexical semantics as the strategy of humor creation inÂ Mind Your LanguageÂ situation comedy. Applying a descriptive qualitative approach, the findings indicate that five types of lexical semantics are utilized as strategies of humorous utterances creation. Those types of lexical semantics are polysemy, homonymy, homophone, hyponymy, dan synonymy. Because of their multiple relation meanings, the speaker can refer to other meanings to construct different meanings with the hearer. The speaker constructs an incongruent meaning between what the hearerâ€™s perception is and what the speaker meant. The deviation of lexical semantics between the hearer and the speaker completely illustrates the concept of incongruity theory of humor.Â
Bilgilendirici Broşür Uygulamasının Travmatik Diş Yaralanmaları Hakkında İlkokul Öğretmenlerinin Bilgi Seviyesine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKMAN Hayri , SÜRME Koray 
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı
Alanya bölgesindeki ilkokul öğretmenlerinin travmatik diş yaralanmasında acil
durum yönetimi konusunda bilgi düzeylerini belirlemek ve bilgilendirici
broşürün etkinliğini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya, Alanya’da
görev yapmakta olan 250 ilkokul öğretmeni katılmıştır. Demografik bilgiler ve
travmatik diş yaralanmalarında acil durum yönetimi ile ilgili sorulardan oluşan
anket formları dağıtılarak öğretmenlerin yanıtlamaları istenmiştir. Anketler
cevaplandıktan sonra, öğretmenlere tarafımızca hazırlanmış diş yaralanmalarında
acil durum yönetimi hakkında bilgiler içeren broşürler dağıtılmıştır. İki hafta
sonra aynı öğretmenler anketleri yeniden cevaplamışlardır.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 250 öğretmenin 235’i her iki anketi
de eksiksiz cevaplamıştır. Ankette bulunan 9 bilgi sorusuna öğretmenlerin verdiği her doğru cevap 1 puan ve her yanlış
cevap 0 puan olarak değerlendirilmiştir. İlk yapılan anketlerde öğretmenlerin ortalama doğru cevap puanları 4.74
iken bilgilendirme broşürü sonrasında yapılan anketlerde öğretmenlerin ortalama
doğru cevap puanları 7.89’a çıkmıştır ve iki puan arasında istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı derecede fark vardır (p&lt;0.0001).Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızdan elde
edilen veriler öğretmenlerin travmatik diş yaralanmaları konusundaki bilgi
düzeylerinin yeterli olmadığını göstermektedir. Dental travmaların okullarda
çok sık görülmesi sebebiyle öğretmenlerin acil durum yönetimi hakkında daha
fazla bilgi sahibi olması gerekmektedir. Travmatik diş yaralanmalarında
öğretmenlerin acil durum yönetimi konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin artırılması için
bilgilendirici broşür kullanımı faydalı olabilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: diş yaralanmaları,
anket, öğretmen, broşür
VITAMINA D : una estrategia profiláctica en tiempos del SARS-CoV-2. Vitamina D, SARS-CoV-2 y odontología
Authors: López Diego Fernando , Ríos -Borrás Valentina , Rivera David Alejandro , Hernández Luis Rogelio , Ortíz Mario Alejandro 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: ofrecer a todo el personal de salud oral un resumen narrativo de la literatura sobre la relación entre el uso de la vitamina D y la COVID-19, a través de la presentación de los beneficios de este suplemento. Se espera aportar a ampliar el conocimiento sobre esta sustancia orgánica, en tanto herramienta profiláctica para la salud de todos. Método: La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct y Ebsco, entre los años 2010 y 2020. Se seleccionaron 65 referencias bibliográficas relacionadas con la vitamina D, sus funciones intra y extra esqueléticas y su posible relación con el SARS-CoV-2; además, se incluyenon estudios que evalúan la deficiencia de vitamina D en el personal de salud. Resultados: la revisión narrativa efectuada demuestra que la deficiencia de vitamina D es frecuente en el personal de salud y que esta deficiencia reduce la actividad defensiva inmunológica. Además, se demuestra que existe suficiente evidencia de la relación entre niveles deficientes de vitamina D en plasma y el riesgo de desarrollar formas severas de COVID-19, especialmente en población susceptible. Conclusiones: se recomienda, tanto al personal de la salud como a los pacientes, el consumo de un suplemento de vitamina D como medida profiláctica.
Consideraciones sobre los ensayos de laboratorio
Authors: Gómez Cortés José Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

Texto de la conferencia dictada por el autor en el Instituto de la Construcción y del Cemento en Madrid, Eduardo Torroja, España, como asistente al IX Curso de Estudios Mayores de la Construcción sobre ‘‘LA EDIFICACIÓN Y SU PATOLOGÍA”. Se analizan aspectos sobre: los criterios para solicitar ensayos, muestreo, variabilidad de resultados y reproducibilidad de ensayos, criterios de aceptación e importancia de la retroalimentación.
Los números aleatorios y la ingeniería
Authors: Astaiza A. Luis Gerardo 
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo se llama la atención sobre las propiedades que deben cumplir los Generadores de Números Aleatorios dado que estos son el corazón mismo de la Simulación.

Esta presentación se inicia con una introducción al tema, luego se comentan los métodos de generación, propiedades, tipos y comprobación a que deben someterse los generadores. Finalmente, se dan las conclusiones.