bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of whole goat milk and its major fractions regarding the modulation of gut microbiota
Authors: Liu Yufang , Zhang Fuxin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGoat milk can be important for human nutrition because of its nutritional value, which may be attributed to its richness in protein, lactose, fat, and other bioactive components. This study compared the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in response to whole goat milk and its major fractions (milk fat, casein, milk whey, whey protein, and whey supernatant). Goat milk, its major fractions, and sterile distilled water (for the control group) were administered to mice intragastrically, and gut microbiota were compared in these groups using metagenomic analysis.RESULTSWe observed distinct patterns of gut microbiota from different diet groups. The sample distance heatmap showed that, compared with other goat milk fractions, gut microbiota in the casein group was more similar to that in the whole goat‐milk group. The relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus increased significantly after whole goat‐milk treatment; the milk whey fraction increased the abundance of Blautia; milk fat and milk whey related fractions treatment promoted the population of Bacteroides. The network analysis showed that genera Lactobacillus and Lactococcus were negatively associated with Helicobacter and Acinetobacter, respectively.CONCLUSIONFractions of goat milk could contain different gut microbiota from whole goat milk. Consumption of certain goat milk fractions could increase the ingestion of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the growth of some pathogenic bacteria. Our results could provide the basis for the research into and development of goat‐milk based functional foods. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound Measurement of Rectus Femoris Muscle Parameters for Discriminating Sarcopenia in Community‐Dwelling Adults
Authors: Chen Yen‐Lung , Liu Peng‐Ta , Chiang Huihua K. , Lee Si‐Huei , Lo Yen‐Li , Yang Yueh‐Cheng , Chiou Hong‐Jen 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesSarcopenia patients require more medical attention and caretaking. As such, early detection of sarcopenia and appropriate interventions are crucial for decreasing medical costs and meeting the challenges of aging populations. The aim of the present study was to develop a reliable and accurate model to estimate muscle mass using ultrasound‐derived parameters from the rectus femoris (RF), referenced by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.MethodsCross‐sectional study was performed. The study patients were recruited by Taipei Veterans General Hospital (No. 2016‐07‐013C) between 2016 and 2019. A total of 91 community‐dwelling adults (35 men and 56 women) were enrolled in this study. Ultrasound measurements of RF muscle thickness (MT), cross‐sectional area (CSA), and muscle volume (MV) were performed in B‐mode. Muscle strength and physical performance were also examined. Multivariate linear regression was used to build models for the prediction of appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) based on MT, CSA, and MV values. The accuracy of ultrasound RF measurements for predicting sarcopenia was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsThe regression equations used for ASMI prediction (adjusted body mass index, sex, and leg length) had high precision and low error. Moreover, the MV model results were close to those of the CSA model and higher than those of the MT model. The ROC analysis showed that both MV and CSA had excellent discrimination when assessing sarcopenia (AUC = 0.83 and 0.81, respectively), whereas MT showed acceptable discrimination (AUC = 0.73).ConclusionsUltrasound‐derived RF MV was accurate when predicting ASMI and diagnosing sarcopenia in community‐dwelling adults.
Improving Survival of T3cN0M0 Glottic Squamous Cell Cancer With Elective Neck Dissection
Authors: Cai Zhimou , Chen Lin , Zhang Jingwei , Wen Yihui , Lei Wenbin 
Published: December 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to elucidate the role of elective neck dissection (END) in improving the outcome of T3cN0M0 glottic squamous cell cancer (GSCC).Study DesignRetrospective population‐based database analysis.MethodsPatients with T3cN0M0 GSCC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) were extracted and stratified into END and non‐END cohorts. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to eliminate the baseline variations. The Kaplan–Meier method was performed to access the association between END and survival.ResultsWe retrospectively analyzed 1,589 T3cN0M0 GSCC patients in the SEER database from 2004 to 2015, and found that only 22% to 58% T3cN0M0 GSCC were performed with END. After PSM, END cohort had better overall survival (OS) (median survival time: 93 vs. 55 months, respectively; P = .0047) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29–0.77, P = .003) than non‐END cohort. In addition, Subgroup analysis also indicated END cohort had better OS or CSS than non‐END cohort.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that in patients with T3cN0M0 GSCC, END significantly associated with better survival outcomes compared with non‐END.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:1807–1816, 2022
Surface Characteristics of Poly(alkyl methacrylate)s from Molecular Dynamics Simulations Using All‐Atom Force Field
Authors: Lee Sanghun , Jeong Wonhee , Frank Curtis W. , Yoon Do Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations of melt films of poly(alkyl methacrylate)s (PAMAs) with methyl, ethyl, and n‐butyl substituents, respectively, have been performed using an all‐atom model to investigate their surface and thin film properties. The applied all‐atom force fields predict the bulk densities of PAMAs in good agreement with experiments. Moreover, predictions of the surface tensions of PMMA, PEMA, and Pn‐BMA melts are in reasonably good agreement with experiments. The density profiles and orientational‐order parameters of chain segments show atomic‐scale characteristics in the air/polymer interfacial region. In the surface region, the backbone segments of PAMAs form a well‐defined layer structure with the chain vectors oriented parallel to the surface, while the ester side‐chains strongly segregate to the surface region and show perpendicular orientation to the surface, with the most pronounced surface segregation noted for Pn‐BMA. Such surface segregations of chain segments make it difficult to apply a simple relationship between the cohesive energy density and the surface tension of polymers, for example, and should be taken into account in relating the surface/thin film characteristics to the bulk properties of polymers in general.
Nocturnal atmospheric conditions and their impact on air pollutant concentrations in the city of Stuttgart
Authors: Kiseleva Olga , Kalthoff Norbert , Adler Bianca , Kossmann Meinolf , Wieser Andreas , Rinke Rayk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMeteorological and air pollutant measurements were conducted in the area of Stuttgart during winter and summer seasons. Stuttgart is situated in moderate mountainous terrain in southwestern Germany. We focus on the connection between atmospheric conditions and air pollutants in the urban nocturnal boundary layer. This is done by relating the bulk Richardson number (Rib), turbulence intensity, cloudiness, and winds, as well as NOx and O3 data. Turbulence intensity is inversely related to Rib, with the lower values occurring at Rib >0.33. The coefficient of determination for the exponential regression is only moderate, which partly can be attributed to sporadic turbulence in the transition from dynamically unstable to stable flows. Dynamically unstable flows (Rib <0.33) occur frequently in winter, as a result of the presence of low‐level clouds and strong winds, supporting low buoyant suppression and strong shear generation of turbulence. Dynamically stable flows (Rib >1.25) are found preferably under clear skies in summer with the build‐up of strong surface inversions, so that buoyant suppression is strong and shear generation of turbulence is weak. The nocturnal NOx concentrations are positively correlated with Rib. The correlation is weak, which is mainly related to the large variability of air pollutant concentrations in a range around Rib = 0.33. In this range, many low‐level jets are present that can cause sporadic turbulent coupling between the atmosphere and the surface. Reduced mixing under dynamically stable flows causes NOx values about 3 times higher than under dynamically unstable flows. The overall lowest NOx concentrations occur during winter when low clouds and strong winds are present.
Limited evidence exists on determinants of physiotherapists' adherence to high value interventions in nonspecific low back pain management: A scoping review
Authors: Shah Sweni , Prakash V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundExamining the emerging body of evidence investigating what drives physiotherapist's clinical decisions in the management of low back pain can guide future research into identifying barriers and facilitators of their adherence to evidence recommended interventions.ObjectiveTo establish the body of evidence regarding factors that improve or hinder physiotherapists' adherence to high‐value interventions on the management of non‐specific low back pain.DesignScoping review.MethodsWe conducted a Scoping review by searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases on 13 February 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved literature and selected articles for inclusion. We included quantitative research that investigated an association between physiotherapists' personal characteristics or setting related characteristics with their clinical management of patients with non‐specific low back pain.ResultsTwelve studies reported in 13 publications were included. The majority of the studies were conducted in high‐income countries including, the United States, Canada and UK. Twenty‐six factors were investigated as potentially influencing physiotherapists' adherence to high value interventions in low back pain management. The most commonly examined physiotherapists' attributes were educational qualification that is postgraduate or certification course (58%, N = 7 studies), years of experience (41%, N = 5 studies), and beliefs and attitude about low back pain (41%, N = 5 studies). Work setting (N = 4) and workload (N = 3) were frequently investigated setting related factors.ConclusionCurrently, there is limited evidence available to understand determinants controlling practice behaviours of physiotherapists' management of nonspecific low back pain. Future researches conceptualized within contemporary theories of clinician behaviour change and models of knowledge translation are needed.
Registration of ‘CP 12‐1417’ sugarcane for organic soils in Florida
Authors: Sandhu H. S. , Zhao D. , Davidson R. W. , Gordon V. S. , Islam M. S. , McCord P. H. , Sood S. , Baltazar M. , Arbelo O. Coto , Momotaz A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract‘CP 12‐1417’ (Reg. no. CV‐203, PI 698897) sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) was released in June 2019 for commercial cultivation on organic soil (Histosols) in Florida. CP 12‐1417 was developed through collaborative research conducted by the USDA‐ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, and it was released commercially by the Florida Sugarcane Variety Committee in June 2019. CP12‐1417 is the result of a cross CPX 09‐0511 made between CP 02‐2065 (female parent) and a collection of pollen donors (a polycross). Higher cane and sugar yields than the reference checks (‘CP 96‐1252’ with highest acreage in Florida and ‘CP 00‐1101’ with high sucrose concentration) in organic soil and complete or partial resistance to several important sugarcane diseases in Florida made CP 12‐1417 an ideal candidate for commercial release. Cane yield in CP 12‐1417 was 17 and 27% higher than in CP 96‐1252 and CP 00‐1101, respectively. Similarly, sugar yield in CP 12‐1417 was 23 and 22% higher than in CP 96‐1252 and CP 00‐1101, respectively. Economic index in CP 12‐1417 was 35 and 19% higher than in CP 96‐1252 and CP 00‐1101, respectively. Based on natural infestation and artificial inoculation disease data, CP 12‐1417 is resistant to brown rust (tested positive for Bru1 marker), orange rust, leaf scald, and smut and moderately resistant to ratoon stunting disease, Sugarcane mosaic virus, and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus. CP 12‐1417 has poor freeze tolerance.
Distributed fault detection and isolation for power system
Authors: Liang Limei , Liu Shuai , Li Yueyang , Zhong Maiying , Li Yueying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, a novel distributed fault detection and isolation method is proposed for large‐scale power system affected by additive type of faults and energy bounded disturbances. First, in order to design the local residual generators, a bank of Luenberger observers are designed to estimate the local states of the system, and the parameters of each local residual generator are determined by solving the corresponding optimization problem, which guarantees that the residual generator is sensitive to faults while robust to energy bounded disturbances. When the local residual exceeds the corresponding threshold, the occurrence of a fault in each agent is recognized. Then, for the case that power system with both process noises and measurement noises, the specific fault detection thresholds are designed with the aid of the Chebyshev inequality. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated via illustrative example.
How can Sentinel‐2 contribute to seagrass mapping in shallow, turbid Baltic Sea waters?
Authors: Kuhwald Katja , Schneider von Deimling Jens , Schubert Philipp , Oppelt Natascha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeagrass meadows are one of the most important benthic habitats in the Baltic Sea. Nevertheless, spatially continuous mapping data of Zostera marina, the predominant seagrass species in the Baltic Sea, are lacking in the shallow coastal waters. Sentinel‐2 turned out to be valuable for mapping coastal benthic habitats in clear waters, whereas knowledge in turbid waters is rare. Here, we transfer a clear water mapping approach to turbid waters to assess how Sentinel‐2 can contribute to seagrass mapping in the Western Baltic Sea. Sentinel‐2 data were atmospherically corrected using ACOLITE and subsequently corrected for water column effects. To generate a data basis for training and validating random forest classification models, we developed an upscaling approach using video transect data and aerial imagery. We were able to map five coastal benthic habitats: bare sand (25 km²), sand dominated (16 km²), seagrass dominated (7 km²), dense seagrass (25 km²) and mixed substrates with red/ brown algae (3.5 km²) in a study area along the northern German coastline. Validation with independent data pointed out that water column correction does not significantly improve classification results compared to solely atmospherically corrected data (balanced overall accuracies ~0.92). Within optically shallow waters (0–4 m), per class and overall balanced accuracies (>0.82) differed marginally depending on the water depth. Overall balanced accuracy became worse (<0.8) approaching the border to optically deep water (~ 5 m). The spatial resolution of Sentinel‐2 (10–20 m) allowed delineating detailed spatial patterns of seagrass habitats, which may serve as a basis to retrieve spatially continuous data for ecologically relevant metrics such as patchiness. Thus, Sentinel‐2 can contribute unprecedented information for seagrass mapping between 0 and around 5 m water depths in the Western Baltic Sea.
Role of Interfacial Cu‐Ions in Polycrystalline Cu‐CeO2: In‐Situ Raman, In‐situ DRIFT and DFT Studies for Preferential Oxidation of CO in Presence of Excess H2**
Authors: Adak Shubhadeep , Pal Rohan Singh , Khan Tuhin Suvra , Poddar Mukesh Kumar , Ahmad Md. Sarfaraz , Prasad Vemulapalli V. D. N. , Haider Mohammad Ali , Bal Rajaram 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this work, we designed a polycrystalline Cu‐CeO2 catalyst with defect sites, and it has superior CO oxidation activity in presence of excess H2. The oxygen defects of Cu‐CeO2 influence the adsorption of unalike surface di‐oxygen types, and the catalyst was characterized through XRD (X‐Ray Diffraction) analysis, TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), in‐situ Raman spectroscopy, in‐situ DRIFT (Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform) spectroscopy. TEM showed that CeO2(111) plane are the exposed plane for this reaction. Raman spectroscopy showed nature of the defects of the prepared catalyst and how it works in the reaction environment. In‐situ DRIFT spectroscopy showed that the Cu+↔Cu2+ system is working in this reaction environment. Role of interfacial Cu ions was confirmed by in‐situ DRIFT spectroscopy and DFT (Density functional theory) study.
Racemization of Enantiopure Alcohols Using Two Mutants of Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Authors: Musa Musa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRacemization of enantiopure alcohols is the key step to accomplish a dynamic kinetic resolution, and thus overcome the intrinsic drawback of 50 % yield with high enantioselectivity that is associated with kinetic resolution. Herein, the concurrent use of I86A and W110G mutants of Thermoanaerobacter pseudoethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (TeSADH) in racemization of enantiopure phenyl‐ring‐containing alcohols is reported. The efficiency of this bienzymatic racemization approach is also compared with that reported previously using W110G TeSADH and is marginally more efficient.
Distance and Potential Dependence of Charge Transport Through the Reaction Center of Individual Photosynthetic Complexes
Authors: López‐Ortiz Manuel , Zamora Ricardo A. , Giannotti Marina Inés , Hu Chen , Croce Roberta , Gorostiza Pau 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCharge separation and transport through the reaction center of photosystem I (PSI) is an essential part of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. A strategy is developed to immobilize and orient PSI complexes on gold electrodes allowing to probe the complex's electron acceptor side, the chlorophyll special pair P700. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) imaging and current–distance spectroscopy of single protein complex shows lateral size in agreement with its known dimensions, and a PSI apparent height that depends on the probe potential revealing a gating effect in protein conductance. In current–distance spectroscopy, it is observed that the distance‐decay constant of the current between PSI and the ECSTM probe depends on the sample and probe electrode potentials. The longest charge exchange distance (lowest distance‐decay constant β) is observed at sample potential 0 mV/SSC (SSC: reference electrode silver/silver chloride) and probe potential 400 mV/SSC. These potentials correspond to hole injection into an electronic state that is available in the absence of illumination. It is proposed that a pair of tryptophan residues located at the interface between P700 and the solution and known to support the hydrophobic recognition of the PSI redox partner plastocyanin, may have an additional role as hole exchange mediator in charge transport through PSI.
Perovskite Bifunctional Diode with High Photovoltaic and Electroluminescent Performance by Holistic Defect Passivation
Authors: Liu Zidan , Duan Chenghao , Liu Feng , Chan Christopher C. S. , Zhu Hepeng , Yuan Ligang , Li Jiong , Li Mingjie , Zhou Biao , Wong Kam Sing , Yan Keyou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntegration of photovoltaic (PV) and electroluminescent (EL) functions and/or units in one device is attractive for new generation optoelectronic devices but it is challenging to achieve highly comprehensive efficiency. Herein, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated, assisted by 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPM) additive to tackle this issue. SPMs not only induce large grain size during the film formation but also produce a secondary phase of 2D K2PbI4 to passivate the grain boundaries (GBs). In addition, its sulfonic acid group and potassium ion can coordinate to lead ion and fill the interstitial defects, respectively. Thus, SPM reduces the defective states and suppresses nonradiative recombination loss. As a result, planar PSC delivers a power conversion efficiency of ≈22%, with a maximum open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.20 V. The Voc is 94% of the radiative Voc limit (1.28 V), higher than the control device (Voc of 1.12 V). In addition, the reciprocity between PV and EL is also correlated to quantify the energy losses and understand the device physics. When operated as a light‐emitting diode, the maximum EL external quantum efficiency (EQEEL) is up to 12.2% (EQEEL of 10.7% under an injection current of short‐circuit photocurrent), thus leading to high‐performance PV/EL dual functions.
The tradeoff between knowledge of mandated benefits and moral hazard
Authors: Brown Jessica H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen workers are not aware of a mandated benefit, they cannot take it into account in their employment decision, leading to deadweight loss. On the other hand, lack of awareness of a benefit reduces moral hazard, decreasing deadweight loss. I incorporate these trade‐offs into a model of mandated benefits and apply the model to Temporary Disability Insurance, an employment benefit mandated in five states. First, using data collected through an original survey, I provide evidence that there is low awareness of this benefit. Second, I use the updated mandated benefits model to show that over a broad range of reasonable assumptions, the additional employee valuation of the benefit outweighs the additional program cost from moral hazard, and thus a public information campaign would increase employment.
Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus alleviated LPS‐induced cognitive impairments via PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Tingxu , Zhang Xiaozhuo , Mao Qianqian , Wu Bo , He Bosai , Jia Ying , Shang Lei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHerein, we aim to investigate the effect of Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) on cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced models of AD. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with LPS, and then administrated AOF using a gavage for 6 weeks. Spatial working memory was assessed using the Y‐maze and Morris water maze test, whereas the levels of PI3K, AKT, p‐AKT, p‐GSK3β, GSK3β, NF‐κB, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were evaluated using western blot and ELISA assay. Our data showed that AOF was able to significantly alleviate the memory decline in LPS‐induced AD mice. Moreover, AOF was able to protect neurons through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and significantly decrease NF‐κB, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α levels in the hippocampal and cortex tissues, which were reversed through the use of LY294002. Additionally, we discovered that AOF could significantly decrease the high expression of cytokines as well as the expression and translocation of NF‐κB induced by LPS in PC12 cells. These results demonstrate the anti‐neuroinflammatory effect of AOF in both cell and animal models of AD, thereby slowing down the process and development of the disease.