bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal lncRNA UCA1 modulates cervical cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation through microRNA-122-5p/SOX2 axis
Authors: Gao Zhihui , Wang Qianqing , Ji Mei , Guo Xiangcui , Li Li , Su Xiaoke 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
There is growing evidence discussing the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cervical cancer (CC). We performed this study to explore the impact of exosomal lncRNA urothelial cancer-associated 1 (UCA1) in CC stem cells by sponging microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p) and regulating SOX2 expression.

Methods
CC stem cells (CD133+CaSki) and exosomes were extracted and identified. The synthesized UCA1- and miR-122-5p-related sequences were transfected into CaSki cells, CaSki cells-derived exosomes were extracted and then co-cultured with CD133+CaSki cells. The functional roles of UCA1 and miR-122-5p in self-renewal and differentiation ability of CC stem cells were determined using ectopic expression, knockdown/depletion and reporter assay experiments. An in vivo experiment was performed to verify the in vitro results.

Results
Up-regulated UCA1 and SOX2 and down-regulated miR-122-5p were found in CaSki-Exo. Exosomes promoted invasion, migration, proliferation and restrained apoptosis of CD133+CaSki cells. Silencing UCA1 or up-regulating miR-122-5p degraded SOX2 expression, and reduced invasion, migration and proliferation of CD133+CaSki cells while advanced apoptosis and suppressed the tumor volume and weight in nude mice.

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence that CaSki-Exo can promote the self-renewal and differentiation ability of CC stem cells while silencing UCA1 or up-regulating miR-122-5p restrains self-renewal and differentiation of CC stem cells.
Is maternal cigarette or water pipe use associated with stopping breastfeeding? Evidence from the Jordan population and family health surveys 2012 and 2017–18
Authors: Can Özalp Esra , Yalçın S. Songül 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMaternal smoking is suspected to have negative impacts on breastfeeding, such as decreasing the quantity of breast milk, and reducing vitamin and fat concentrations in the milk in the late lactation period. Cigarette and water pipe tobacco products are widely used in Jordan. We aimed to estimate the association between use of different tobacco products and the rates of current breastfeeding.MethodsData from Jordan’s Population and Family Health Surveys 2012 and 2017–18 were examined. Last-born, living children, aged < 25 months, from singleton births, ever breastfed, and living with their mother were included. The key outcome variables were the current breastfeeding (during last 24 h) and tobacco usage status [water pipe tobacco (hookah or narghile) and/or cigarette tobacco]. Complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of the current breastfeeding with maternal smoking status.ResultsOverall, 6726 infants were included in the study. The current breastfeeding rate in infants aged 0–6 months was 87%, compared with 43.9% in infants aged 12–17 months and 19.4% in infants aged 18–24 months. Overall, 4.4% had mothers who smoked cigarettes, 5.4% smoked water pipe, and 1.6% both cigarettes and water pipe. The proportion of breastfed infants in non-smoking mothers was 57.7% and, those in smoke water pipe, cigarette and both tobacco products were 55.4, 44.9, and 51.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that women cigarette smokers had a lower odds ratio (OR) for current breastfeeding (OR 0.60, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.39, 0.92). Multivariate analysis revealed that maternal cigarette smoking was associated with a lower odds ratio for current breastfeeding compared with mothers who smoked neither water pipe nor cigarettes (AOR 0.51, 95% Cl 0.30, 0.87).ConclusionsThese results indicate that maternal smoking is associated with termination of breastfeeding, suggesting that structured training should be organized for healthcare professionals, expectant mothers and the general public about the association between maternal smoking and cessation of lactation.
Nervous system modulation through electrical stimulation in companion animals
Authors: Martins Ângela , Gouveia Débora , Cardoso Ana , Gamboa Óscar , Millis Darryl , Ferreira António 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDomestic animals with severe spontaneous spinal cord injury (SCI), including dogs and cats that are deep pain perception negative (DPP−), can benefit from specific evaluations involving neurorehabilitation integrative protocols. In human medicine, patients without deep pain sensation, classified as grade A on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, can recover after multidisciplinary approaches that include rehabilitation modalities, such as functional electrical stimulation (FES), transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (TESCS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS). This review intends to explore the history, biophysics, neurophysiology, neuroanatomy and the parameters of FES, TESCS, and TDCS, as safe and noninvasive rehabilitation modalities applied in the veterinary field. Additional studies need to be conducted in clinical settings to successfully implement these guidelines in dogs and cats.
Measuring the effectiveness of integrated vector management with targeted outdoor residual spraying and autodissemination devices on the incidence of dengue in urban Malaysia in the iDEM trial (intervention for Dengue Epidemiology in Malaysia): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saadatian-Elahi Mitra , Alexander Neal , Möhlmann Tim , Langlois-Jacques Carole , Suer Remco , Ahmad Nazni Wasi , Mudin Rose Nani , Ariffin Farah Diana , Baur Frederic , Schmitt Frederic , Richardson Jason H. , Rabilloud Muriel , Hamid Nurulhusna Ab 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In common with many South East Asian countries, Malaysia is endemic for dengue. Dengue control in Malaysia is currently based on reactive vector management within 24 h of a dengue case being reported. Preventive rather than reactive vector control approaches, with combined interventions, are expected to improve the cost-effectiveness of dengue control programs. The principal objective of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to quantify the effectiveness of a preventive integrated vector management (IVM) strategy on the incidence of dengue as compared to routine vector control efforts.

Methods
The trial is conducted in randomly allocated clusters of low- and medium-cost housing located in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. The IVM approach combines: targeted outdoor residual spraying with K-Othrine Polyzone, deployment of mosquito traps as auto-dissemination devices, and community engagement activities. The trial includes 300 clusters randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio. The clusters receive either the preventive IVM in addition to the routine vector control activities or the routine vector control activities only. Epidemiological data from monthly confirmed dengue cases during the study period will be obtained from the Vector Borne Disease Sector, Malaysian Ministry of Health e-Dengue surveillance system. Entomological surveillance data will be collected in 12 clusters randomly selected from each arm.
To measure the effectiveness of the IVM approach on dengue incidence, a negative binomial regression model will be used to compare the incidence between control and intervention clusters. To quantify the effect of the interventions on the main entomological outcome, ovitrap index, a modified ordinary least squares regression model using a robust standard error estimator will be used.

Discussion
Considering the ongoing expansion of dengue burden in Malaysia, setting up proactive control strategies is critical. Despite some limitations of the trial such as the use of passive surveillance to identify cases, the results will be informative for a better understanding of effectiveness of proactive IVM approach in the control of dengue. Evidence from this trial may help justify investment in preventive IVM approaches as preferred to reactive case management strategies.

Trial registration
ISRCTN ISRCTN81915073. Retrospectively registered on 17 April 2020.
Longitudinal remotely mentored self-performed lung ultrasound surveillance of paucisymptomatic Covid-19 patients at risk of disease progression
Authors: Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , McKee Jessica L. , Conly John M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has impacted human life globally and threatens to overwhelm health-care resources. Infection rates are rapidly rising almost everywhere, and new approaches are required to both prevent transmission, but to also monitor and rescue infected and at-risk patients from severe complications. Point-of-care lung ultrasound has received intense attention as a cost-effective technology that can aid early diagnosis, triage, and longitudinal follow-up of lung health. Detecting pleural abnormalities in previously healthy lungs reveal the beginning of lung inflammation eventually requiring mechanical ventilation with sensitivities superior to chest radiographs or oxygen saturation monitoring. Using a paradigm first developed for space-medicine known as Remotely Telementored Self-Performed Ultrasound (RTSPUS), motivated patients with portable smartphone support ultrasound probes can be guided completely remotely by a remote lung imaging expert to longitudinally follow the health of their own lungs. Ultrasound probes can be couriered or even delivered by drone and can be easily sterilized or dedicated to one or a commonly exposed cohort of individuals. Using medical outreach supported by remote vital signs monitoring and lung ultrasound health surveillance would allow clinicians to follow and virtually lay hands upon many at-risk paucisymptomatic patients. Our initial experiences with such patients are presented, and we believe present a paradigm for an evolution in rich home-monitoring of the many patients expected to become infected and who threaten to overwhelm resources if they must all be assessed in person by at-risk care providers.
Durvalumab-induced myocarditis, myositis, and myasthenia gravis: a case report
Authors: Cham Jason , Ng Daniel , Nicholson Laura 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective therapies for a wide range of malignancies. Their increased use has led to a wide range of immune-related adverse effects including skin, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, endocrine, cardiac, and neurologic complications.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 72-year-old Caucasian man with non-small cell lung cancer who was admitted for dyspnea after two cycles of durvalumab. He was found to have significantly elevated levels of serum creatinine kinase and troponin with a negative cardiac catheterization. During his hospitalization, he developed progressive dyspnea and new-onset axial weakness, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of durvalumab-induced myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis.

Conclusion
This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of anti-programmed cell death ligand 1-induced combination of myocarditis, myasthenia gravis, and myositis. While the use of immunologic agents has resulted in overall improved cancer outcomes, their increased use has led to a vast spectrum of immune-related adverse effects. We review the diagnostic workup and management of patients with these immune-related adverse effects, underscoring the importance of early identification given the potential for rapid deterioration.
Subhepatic appendix: an ectopic topography not to be disregarded: a case report
Authors: Ibrahim Mamadou Abdoul Kadir , Mounkaila Souleymane , Hama Aghali Nouhou , Harouna Amadou Mahaman Laouali , Adakal Ousseini 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Subhepatic appendix is most often due to an anomaly of rotation of the primary intestine occurring during embryogenesis. This ectopic topography associated with advanced age can be a serious diagnosis problem at the stage of appendicitis or appendicular peritonitis.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 60-year-old melanoderm man, with a history of urinary pathology and peptic ulcer, referred from a health district for abdominal pain of the right hypochondrium evolving for about 5 days, secondarily generalized, in whom we suspected peritonitis, the etiology of which remains to be determined. During the surgical intervention, after preoperative resuscitations measures, a phlegmonous perforated appendix was found under the liver. No postoperative complication was noted, and he was discharged home 8 days after his operation.

Conclusion
Subhepatic appendicular peritonitis occurring in an elderly patient poses enormous diagnostic problems. When faced with right upper quadrant pain, considering acute ectopic appendicitis would significantly reduce complications.
The practice of writing inside an Egyptian monastic settlement: preliminary material characterisation of the inks used on Coptic manuscripts from the Monastery of Apa Apollo at Bawit
Authors: Ghigo Tea , Albarrán Martínez María Jesús 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Over the last few years, the Federal Institute for material research (BAM, Berlin) together with the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC, University of Hamburg) have initiated a systematic material investigation of black inks produced from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages (ca. fourth century CE–fourteenth/fifteenth centuries CE), aimed primarily at extending and complementing findings from previous sporadic studies. Part of this systematic investigation has focused on Egyptian Coptic manuscripts, and the present preliminary study is one of its outputs. It centres on a corpus of 45 Coptic manuscripts—43 papyri and 2 ostraca—preserved at the Palau-Ribes and Roca-Puig collections in Barcelona. The manuscripts come from the Monastery of Apa Apollo at Bawit, one of the largest monastic settlements in Egypt between the Late Antiquity and the Early Islamic Period (sixth–eighth centuries CE). The composition of their black inks was investigated in situ using near-infrared reflectography (NIRR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The analyses determined that the manuscripts were written using different types of ink: pure carbon ink; carbon ink containing iron; mixed inks containing carbon, polyphenols and metallic elements; and iron-gall ink. The variety of inks used for the documentary texts seems to reflect the articulate administrative system of the monastery of Bawit. This study reveals that, in contrast to the documents, written mostly with carbon-based inks, literary biblical texts were written with iron-gall ink. The frequent reuse of papyrus paper for certain categories of documents may suggest that carbon-based inks were used for ephemeral manuscripts, since they were easy to erase by abrasion.
Analysis of meteorological droughts in the Lake’s Region of Ethiopian Rift Valley using reconnaissance drought index (RDI)
Authors: Mohammed Yimer , Yimam Asnake 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the intensity, trend and spatio-temporal variability of meteorological drought in the Lakes’ Region of Ethiopian Rift Valley using monthly rainfall and maximum and minimum temperature records for the period 1986–2019. Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) was employed to generate the intensity of drought at 3 and 12-months timescale. Mann-Kendall trend test was used to determine the trend of the changes in the RDI time series. The spatial extent of droughts has been interpolated by inverse distance weighted (IDW) method using the spatial analyst tool of ArcGIS. Results indicated the occurrence of different intensity and trend signals across seasons and over space in the study area. A total of 33 extreme drought months were observed in all stations during summer with varying intensity (− 2.01 at Halaba to − 3.52 at Wolaita) and 168 extreme drought months at annual timescale ranging from − 2.10 at Hawassa to − 4.51 at Wolaita. The intensity of drought events observed in Wolaita in 1986 at all timescales (RDI value of − 3.19, − 3.52 and − 4.51 for spring, summer and annual respectively) were very extraordinary and devastating. Drought magnitude showed increasing signal at 6 out of 10 stations, although statistically significant at only two stations (Arsi Negelle at all timescale and Butajira at spring and annual timescale). However, the spatial patterns of drought events didn’t exhibit clear pattern rather more localized distribution and variability. The frequency of drought incidence became intense in the study area from 2008 onwards at all timescales compared to the 1990s and 2000s.The increasing tendency of drought in recent years might be the manifestation of borderless global warming. The empirical evidences showed that drought events and their negative effects are highly localized in the study area and provide useful information for local-scale planning for drought management and response.
Evaluating human-centred design for public health: a case study on developing a healthcare app with refugee communities
Authors: Bartlett Rebeccah , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Simons Smith Jessica , Khan Nadia , Robinson Tracy , Ramaswamy Rohit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAustralian women from migrant and refugee communities experience reduced access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. Human-centred design can be a more ethical and effective approach to developing health solutions with underserved populations that are more likely to experience significant disadvantage or social marginalisation. This study aimed to evaluate how well Shifra, a small Australian-based not-for-profit, applied human-centred design when developing a web-based application that delivers local, evidence-based and culturally relevant health information to its non-English speaking users.MethodsThis study undertook a document review, survey, and semi-structured interviews to evaluate how well Shifra was able to achieve its objectives using a human-centred design approach.ResultsA co-design process successfully led to the development of a web-based health app for refugee and migrant women. This evaluation also yielded several important recommendations for improving Shifra’s human-centred design approach moving forward.ConclusionsImproving refugees’ access to sexual and reproductive health is complex and requires innovative and thoughtful problem solving. This evaluation of Shifra’s human-centred design approach provides a helpful and rigorous guide in reporting that may encourage other organisations undertaking human-centred design work to evaluate their own implementation.
Measurement properties of PROMIS short forms for pain and function in total hip arthroplasty patients
Authors: Stephan Anika , Stadelmann Vincent A. , Leunig Michael , Impellizzeri Franco M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
While the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is mainly designed for computer adaptive testing, its static short forms (SF) are used when a paper-pencil format is preferred or item banks are not yet translated into the target language. This study examined the measurement properties of the German PROMIS-SF for pain intensity (PAIN), pain interference (PI) and physical function (PF) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients.

Methods
SF were collected before and 12 months post-surgery. Higher scores indicate more PAIN, higher PI and better PF. Oxford Hip Score (OHS) was the main reference measure. Six months post-surgery, a subsample completed the SF twice within 14 days to test reliability.

Results
Of 172 eligible patients, 147 consented to participate and received questionnaires; 132 (74 males) returned baseline questionnaires (mean age 65.8 ± 10.2 years) and 116, 12-month questionnaires. Forty-five patients provided test-retest data.
Correlations of all SF with OHS were large (│r│ ≥ 0.7; confidence intervals did not include 0.50). Cronbach’s alpha values were: PAIN, 0.86; PI, 0.93; PF, 0.91. Intraclass correlation coefficients were: PAIN, 0.77; PI, 0.81; PF, 0.69. Standard errors of measurement were: PAIN, 3.8; PI, 2.8; PF, 3.6. Smallest detectable change thresholds were: PAIN, 8.8; PI, 6.6; PF, 8.4. Follow-up data showed a ceiling effect (best score) for PAIN (66%), PI (76%), and PF (66%). SF change scores showed large correlations with OHS change scores (│r│ > 0.6).

Conclusion
Our results provide some evidence of construct validity, and acceptable reliability and responsiveness of PROMIS-SF for pain and function in THA patients. These SF can thus be considered acceptable for use, although patients’ improvement in physical function might be underestimated due to the large follow-up PF score ceiling effects.
Telephone-based assessment of multiple sclerosis patients at Ain Shams University Hospital in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Abdel Hafeez Mohamed A. , Zamzam Dina A. , Swelam Mahmoud S. , Steit Alaa Abo , Masoud Janet , Nasser Azza Abdel , Hazzou Ahmed , Hamid Eman , Aref Hany , Zakaria Magd F. , Fouad Mohamed M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was confronted with the overwhelmed healthcare facilities in Egypt and fear of the patients to get infected while attending the follow-up visits. This study aimed to assess the value of telephone-based assessments in the follow-up of MS patients. It includes one hundred and five patients who participated in the study and completed 3 telephone-based assessments which are the Hauser Ambulation index, Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychology Questionnaire (MSNQ), and Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Scale (SMSS).

Results
The Hauser Ambulation index was significantly correlated with the latest Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score done within 1 month from the telephone call (r=0.738, P<0.001). The analysis of MSNQ scores showed that one-third of the study population had evidence of cognitive and/or neuropsychological impairment. Post hoc analysis regarding the cognitive and psychological impairment component of SMSS revealed that the patients who answered “Never” had significantly lower MSNQ scores compared to those who answered “Sometimes” (P=0.016), “Often” (P=0.022), and “Always” (P=0.001). The comparison of the EDSS scores of the patients regarding the sensory-motor impairment component of SMSS showed a non-significant difference.

Conclusion
The Hauser Ambulation index may be a reliable telephone-based tool for the assessment of physical disability. The MSNQ and the cognitive and psychological impairment component of SMSS can be used for the assessment of cognitive and psychological impairment among patients with MS.