bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and tribological studies of a novel metal‐ceramic hybrid brake disc
Authors: Opel Thorsten , Langhof Nico , Krenkel Walter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCeramic matrix composite (CMC) friction materials show promising tribological properties. Typically, carbon ceramic brake discs consist of a C/SiC rotor which is joined to a brake disc bell. Within this work, a novel metal‐ceramic hybrid brake disc, consisting of C/SiC friction segments which are mounted by screws onto an aluminum carrier body, was designed and investigated. A prototype was built which was tribologically tested with three different brake pad materials, LowMet reference, modified SF C/SiC as well as C/C. A constant starting sliding velocity of 20 m/s and braking pressures of 1, 2, and 3 MPa were investigated. To simulate emergency braking conditions 10 consecutive brake applications were carried out in close succession for each brake pad material and braking pressure. The C/C brake pad material showed the highest average coefficient of friction followed by the LowMet and C/SiC material. However, the wear rates of the C/C and LowMet material were orders of magnitude higher compared to the C/SiC material.
Thermal evaluation of the use of porous ceramic plates on ventilated façades – Part I: Effect of composition and firing temperature on porosity and bending strength
Authors: Pizzatto Sara M. S. , Pizzatto Fernando O. , Angioletto Elidio , Arcaro Sabrina , Junca Eduardo , Montedo Oscar R. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effect of composition and firing temperature on porosity and bending strength of porous ceramic plates for using in ventilated façades were investigated. Two byproducts, basalt and lime mud, were used to obtain porous ceramic plates in accordance with the circular economy concept. Basalt, which is a fine powder‐based byproduct generated from the processing of basaltic rock, was used to replace feldspar as the flux mineral in a ceramic composition. Lime mud, a byproduct of the pulp and paper mill process and containing a high content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), was incorporated in the ceramic composition to generate pores. The specimens were prepared using three different amounts of lime mud (20, 30, and 40 wt%) and three firing temperatures (900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C), and their porosity and bending strength were determined. The highest performing specimen (5.1 ± 1.3 MPa bending strength and 42.6 ± 0.5% porosity) was obtained by using 40 wt% of lime mud and a firing temperature of 1100°C with potential for further thermal tests in a ventilated façade in comparison with a commercial porcelain ceramic tile as reference material.
Towards collaborative management of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: a ‘real‐world’ pathway for fibrosis risk assessment in primary care
Authors: Hayward Kelly L. , McKillen Benjamin J. , Horsfall Leigh U. , McIvor Carolyn , Liew Katerina , Sexton Jo , Johnson Amy L. , Irvine Katharine M. , Valery Patricia C. , McPhail Steven M. , Britton Laurence J. , Rosenberg William , Weate Ingrid , Williams Sue , Powell Elizabeth E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal strategy to support primary care practitioners (PCP) to assess fibrosis severity in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and thereby make appropriate management decisions remains unclear.AimsTo examine the feasibility of using a two‐step pathway that combined simple scores (NAFLD Fibrosis Score and Fibrosis‐4 Index) with transient elastography (FibroScan) to streamline NAFLD referrals from a ‘routine’ primary care population to specialist hepatology management clinics (HMC).MethodsThe two‐step ‘Towards Collaborative Management of NAFLD’ (TCM‐NAFLD) fibrosis risk assessment pathway was implemented at two outer metropolitan primary healthcare practices in Brisbane. Patients aged ≥18 years with a new or established PCP‐diagnosis of NAFLD were eligible for assessment. The pathway triaged patients at ‘high risk’ of clinically significant fibrosis to HMC for specialist review, and ‘low risk’ patients to receive ongoing management and longitudinal follow up in primary care.ResultsA total of 162 patient assessments between June 2019 and December 2020 were included. Mean age was 58.7 ± 11.7 years, 30.9% were male, 54.3% had type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose, and mean body mass index was 34.2 ± 6.9 kg/m2. A total 122 patients was considered ‘low risk’ for clinically significant fibrosis, two patients had incomplete assessments and 38 (23.5%) were triaged to HMC. Among 31 completed HMC assessments to date, 45.2% were considered to have clinically significant (or more advanced) fibrosis, representing 9.2% of 153 completed assessments.ConclusionImplementation of the two‐step TCM‐NAFLD pathway streamlined hepatology referrals for NAFLD and may facilitate a more cost‐effective and targeted use of specialist hepatology resources.
Assessment of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction and structural changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cengiz Elçioğlu Betul , Kamat Sadettin , Yurdakul Selen , Şahin Şükrü Taylan , Sarper Altemur , Yıldız Pınar , Aytekin Saide 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can develop left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and geometric changes due to several reasons.AimTo investigate subclinical LV systolic dysfunction and structural features in patients with COPD, and its correlation with the severity of airway obstruction, identified by GOLD classification.MethodsWe studied 52 patients with COPD and 29 age and sex‐matched controls, without any cardiac disease. In addition to conventional echocardiographic evaluation speckle tracking echocardiography (STE)‐based strain imaging were performed to analyse sub‐clinical LV systolic dysfunction. Also LV volumes were measured by using three‐dimensional real time echocardiography (3DRTE). All patients underwent spirometry.ResultsConventional echocardiographic parameters (LV wall thickness and diameters, LV EF) and LV volume measurements were similar between the groups. LV global longitudinal peak systolic strain (−14.76 ± 2.69% to −20.27 ± 1.41%, P < 0.001) and strain rate (0.75 ± 0.25 1/s to 1.31 ± 0.41 1/s, P < 0.001) were significantly impaired in patients, compared to controls demonstrating sub‐clinical ventricular systolic dysfunction. Significant positive correlation was obtained between LV strain/strain rate and spirometry parameters (FEV1, FEV%, FEV1/FVC, PEF%) (r = 0.78/0.68, P < 0.001; r = 0.83/0.70, P < 0.001); r = 0.74/0.55, P < 0.001; r = 0.72/0.65, P < 0.001 respectively). In addition, there was significant negative correlation between LV strain/strain rate and GOLD classification (r = −0.80/ ‐0.69, P < 0.001 respectively).ConclusionSubclinical LV systolic dysfunction can occur in COPD patients despite normal EF. STE is a technique that provides additional information for detailed evaluation of subtle changes in LV myocardial contractility, significantly associated with the severity of the disease in COPD patients.
A Canadian single institution real‐world experience using the CROSS trial regimen in the treatment of oesophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma
Authors: Khalid Sidra , Hopman Wilma M. , Virik Kiran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTrimodality therapy using the ChemoRadiotherapy for Oesophageal cancer followed by Surgery Study (CROSS) trial protocol is an accepted standard of care for locally advanced oesophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancers. For medically inoperable patients, chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been a therapeutic option.AimsThis single institution review aimed to assess the real‐world application of the CROSS trial protocol.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of 83 patients who underwent CRT with carboplatin and paclitaxel with trimodality or definitive intent between June 2012 and June 2018. Sixty‐five patients underwent neoadjuvant CRT (NCRT); 40 had surgery, 18 had definitive CRT (DCRT). Patients' demographics, clinical, pathological, treatment and surgical characteristics were assessed. The data were analysed in exploratory analyses and Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsFor 83 patients, the following median values were seen: radiotherapy dose, 50.4 Gy; chemotherapy doses, 5; and time from CRT to surgery, 62 days. Twenty‐three percent NCRT and 72% DCRT patients were aged ≥75 years, and 49% and 33% of these respectively had no interruptions to CRT. Patients aged ≥75 years were more likely to have DCRT (P = 0.001). Patients who underwent surgery were younger (P = 0.04). For NCRT and surgery, NCRT only and DCRT respectively, median overall survival was 35.5, 12.1 and 17.1 months (log rank P = 0.008); progression‐free survival was 32.2, 10 and 9.6 months (log rank P = 0.001).ConclusionsDespite broadening of the CROSS trial eligibility criteria in our real‐world data, there appears to be a survival benefit with trimodality therapy. The use of carboplatin and paclitaxel in DCRT may be of value and requires further study.
Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on health‐related quality of life: a narrative review
Authors: Danicic Joseph M. , Inder Warrick J. , Kotowicz Mark A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA biochemical diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined by an elevated serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) with a normal serum free thyroxine (FT4). This paper discusses SCH in the Australian population, the impact of SCH on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and the evidence for thyroid hormone therapy as well as exercise therapy to improve HRQoL in SCH. The prevalence of SCH in Australia is approximately 4–5% and is higher in females and the elderly. Current evidence suggests thyroid hormone therapy is not associated with an improvement in HRQoL. However, there does appear to be a subgroup of those with SCH that experience an impairment in HRQoL who may potentially benefit from treatment. Because the majority of research to date has been done in elderly, largely asymptomatic individuals, this may not be representative of the entire SCH population. In addition, alternative treatments, such as exercise therapy, have not been well explored in the literature, despite exercise therapy's effects on HRQoL in other populations. Further research is required to define clearly which individuals with SCH are likely to experience an impaired HRQoL, as well as explore the effects of thyroid hormone therapy and exercise therapy in these individuals.
Continued root development of immature permanent teeth after regenerative endodontics with or without a collagen membrane: A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jiang Xijun , Liu He , Peng Chufang 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRecent studies evaluated the efficacy of a collagen membrane (Bio‐Gide) to promote root development in regenerative endodontics (REPs). However, the influence of etiology and tooth type on the results was not assessed.AimsTo evaluate the quantitative and qualitative effect of a collagen membrane (Bio‐Gide), with and without the effect of etiology and tooth type, in promoting root development in immature teeth after REPs.DesignEighty nonvital immature teeth were divided randomly into two groups (40 teeth in each group). REPs were performed with (experimental group) and without (control group) a collagen membrane. All teeth were subjected to regular clinical and radiographical follow‐up.ResultsSeventy‐six teeth were included in the final analyses. The average follow‐up periods were 33.1 ± 21.8 months for the control group and 28.1± 18.6 months for the experimental group. Quantitative analysis of root development in the experimental group showed a greater increase in dentin wall thickness in the middle one‐third of the root compared to the control group, with or without the effect of etiology and tooth type. Six types of root development were observed. There was no significant difference in the type of tooth development between the two groups.ConclusionThe use of a collagen membrane could promote an increase in dentin wall thickness in the middle one‐third of the root, and it had no significant effect in terms of the type of subsequent root development.
Do shoot anatomical characteristics allow rice to grow well under water deficit?
Authors: Ouyang Wenjing , Yin Xinyou , Yang Jianchang , Struik Paul C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIncreasing fresh water scarcity is a major constraint for rice (Oryza sativa) productivity under future climatic conditions. It is important to understand why rice cannot perform like other dryland cereals, when grown under drier soil conditions. The responses of plant growth, plant water status, leaf and stem anatomical attributes to soil water deficit were examined at two developmental stages of three rice and two wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars grown under three water regimes in a pot experiment. Yield and yield components were determined at plant maturity. The stress sensitivity of plant growth was slightly more prominent at vegetative than at flowering stages. Water deficit limited root growth but had little impact on above‐ground growth in rice plants. The xylem system of the leaves was more developed in rice than in wheat, but the opposite was true for the root xylem system. Compared with stem xylem attributes, leaf xylem attributes played a larger role in modulating leaf water potential under water deficit. In addition, the variation in yield response to water deficit between various types of rice, and between rice and wheat was closely associated with the response of leaf water potential to water deficit. To grow rice in drier conditions, its xylem system should be balanced by increasing root growth and modifying leaf anatomy.
The complexity of structural phase transitions in Pb(Hf0.92Sn0.08)O3 single crystals
Authors: Jankowska‐Sumara Irena , Ko Jae‐Hyeon , Majchrowski Andrzej 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPb(Hf1−xSnx)O3 single crystals with x = 0.08 were characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and Raman scattering, in a wide temperature range. The information concerning the structure of two intermediate phases (IMs), situated between low‐temperature antiferroelectric A1 and high‐temperature paraelectric PE phases, was obtained. The lower temperature IM, A2, is characterized by incommensurate displacive modulations in the Pb sublattice. The higher temperature IM, is characterized by tilting of oxygen octahedra, and serious disorder coming from lead ions represented by X‐ray diffuse scattering. Optical phonons and phase transitions in Pb(Hf1−xSnx)O3 single crystals were investigated by temperature‐dependent Raman spectra. It was found that several soft modes control the phase transition between two antiferroelectric phases indicating its displacive character, whereas, in the paraelectric phase, both soft modes and Rayleigh scattering were observed.
Emotions during the Covid‐19 pandemic: Fear, anxiety, and anger as mediators between threats and policy support and political actions
Authors: Renström Emma A. , Bäck Hanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has significantly changed the lives of most people. It has been described as the most severe global health disaster of modern times by the United Nations. No doubt such a major crisis influences what citizens think of different policies, and how they become politically active, not to mention, the forceful emotional experiences that the Covid‐19 pandemic brings. This study evaluates how emotions affect support for policies related to restricting the spread of the virus and economic assistance, and how emotions affect intentions to engage politically. In an experiment (N = 1,072), we manipulated emotional reactions to threat by highlighting different aspects of the pandemic. Our findings show that different experimental treatments elicit different emotions, and that fear, anxiety, and anger are all related to policy support and political action intentions, but in different ways. Fear and anger predict support for restrictive policies to limit the spread of the virus, while anxiety predicts support for economic policies. Anger and anxiety, but not fear, increase intentions to engage politically. Hence, we find support for a mechanism where different aspects of the Covid‐19 crisis evoke different emotional reactions, which in turn affects policy support and political actions differently.
Industry tournament incentives and corporate innovation
Authors: Nguyen Tu , Zhao Jing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOur paper examines the relationship between industry tournament incentives for CEOs and corporate innovation. We find that the external pay gap is positively associated with subsequent innovation output and its economic value. Our results are robust to using different industry classifications, alternative measures of industry tournament incentives and innovation, and various controls for corporate governance, business strategy, and CEO attributes. We employ a quasi‐natural experiment and an instrumental‐variable approach to mitigate endogeneity concerns. We also find evidence of a positive and significant relationship between industry tournament incentives and idiosyncratic risk. Overall, the evidence is consistent with our contention that aspirant CEOs undertake innovation projects which can generate uncertain but potentially rewarding outcomes that increase the likelihood of the aspirant standing out and winning the tournament or extracting the tournament‐induced benefits internally.
Expression profiles and potential roles of transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs in atherosclerosis
Authors: He Xiangqin , Yang Yanyan , Wang Qi , Wang Jueru , Li Shifang , Li Chunrong , Zong Tingyu , Li Xiaolu , Zhang Ying , Zou Yulin , Yu Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractKnowledge regarding the relationship between the molecular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis (AS) and transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) is limited. This study illustrated the expression profile of tsRNAs, thus exploring its roles in AS pathogenesis. Small RNA sequencing was performed with four atherosclerotic arterial and four healthy subject samples. Using bioinformatics, the protein‐protein interaction network and cellular experiments were constructed to predict the enriched signalling pathways and regulatory roles of tsRNAs in AS. Of the total 315 tsRNAs identified to be dysregulated in the AS group, 131 and 184 were up‐regulated and down‐regulated, respectively. Interestingly, the pathway of the differentiated expression of tsRNAs in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was implicated to be closely associated with AS. Particularly, tRF‐Gly‐GCC might participate in AS pathogenesis via regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation in HUVECs and VSMCs. In conclusion, tsRNAs might help understand the molecular mechanisms of AS better. tRF‐Gly‐GCC may be a promising target for suppressing abnormal vessels functions, suggesting a novel strategy for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.
Management of cutaneous side effects of inflammatory bowel disease therapy: A dermatologic viewpoint
Authors: Lee Justin , Lemons Noelle , Lorenze Alyssa , Chowdhary Tarika Sejal , Zinn Zachary , Gayam Swapna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMedications used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease cause a wide range of dermatologic side effects, and minimal guidance exists on how to manage them. The intention of this review article is to summarize common dermatologic adverse reactions related to inflammatory bowel disease therapy and to provide evidence‐based guidance on management. We conducted a scoping review using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies reporting clinical information on dermatologic side effects of medications used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The most commonly reported dermatological adverse effects from inflammatory bowel disease therapy were cutaneous malignancy and cutaneous infections. Thiopurines, methotrexate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, interleukin (IL)‐12/23 inhibitors, and integrin inhibitors can be continued if nonmelanoma skin cancer arises during therapy and the malignancy should be surgically excised. TNF inhibitors and IL‐12/23 inhibitors can be continued in the setting of stage I surgically resectable melanoma but should be discontinued in advanced melanoma. For complicated cutaneous bacterial infections, methotrexate and TNF inhibitors should be halted, and IV antibiotics should be administered. Complicated herpes zoster infection warrants discontinuation of TNF inhibitors, whereas IL‐12/23 and JAK inhibitors can be continued. Inflammatory bowel disease therapies are associated with several dermatological adverse effects, and management options vary by agent. Certain agents may require discontinuation in the setting of nonmelanoma skin cancer, melanoma, and cutaneous infections. Many other dermatological adverse effects from inflammatory bowel disease therapy require specialized management or referral to dermatology.
Association between depression and medication adherence in stroke survivor older adults
Authors: Srithumsuk Werayuth , Chaleoykitti Saisamorn , Jaipong Saitip , Pattayakorn Pinthusorn , Podimuang Kattiya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the association between depression score and medication adherence in stroke survivor older adults.MethodsThe participants were 102 stroke survivor older adults. The outcome was medication adherence during a 6‐month follow‐up. The independent variable was the depression score which was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9). The confounding factors included sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, number of comorbidities, and number of medications. We analyzed the association between depression and medication adherence using multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsThe PHQ‐9 score of stroke survivor older adults at the baseline was 1.11±2.03, and at the 6‐month follow‐up was increased to 5.06±3.91. The medication adherence mean score at the outcome was 4.15±1.83. After full adjustment, the PHQ‐9 scores at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up were significantly associated with medication adherence (β = −.315, 95% CI = −.483 to −.086, p = 0.006 and β = −.270, 95% CI = −.238 to −.020, p = 0.021, respectively). Other variables that affect medication adherence during a 6‐month follow‐up included living with others and a lower number of medications.ConclusionThis study revealed that lower depression scores were associated with high medication adherence in post‐stroke older adults. Additionally, living with others and a lower number of medications were associated with medication adherence. Therefore, stroke survivor older adults should be assessed for depression and given medication, and education should be used to improve mediation adherence, especially for the ones who live alone and have polypharmacy to prevent recurrent stroke.