bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the socio-ecological model to understand factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage behaviours among rural Appalachian adolescents
Authors: McCormick Brittany A , Porter Kathleen J , You Wen , Yuhas Maryam , Reid Annie L , Thatcher Esther J , Zoellner Jamie M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:The objective of the current study was to identify factors across the socio-ecological model (SEM) associated with adolescents’ sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake.Design:This cross-sectional study surveyed adolescents using previously validated instruments. Analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA tests and stepwise nonlinear regression models (i.e., two-part models) adjusted to be cluster robust. Guided by SEM, a four-step model was used to identify factors associated with adolescent SSB intake – step 1: demographics (i.e., age, gender), step 2: intrapersonal (i.e., theory of planned behaviour (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, behavioural intentions), health literacy, media literacy, public health literacy), step 3: interpersonal (i.e., caregiver’s SSB behaviours, caregiver’s SSB rules) and step 4: environmental (i.e., home SSB availability) level variables.Setting:Eight middle schools across four rural southwest Virginia counties in Appalachia.Participants:Seven hundred ninety seventh grade students (55·4 % female, 44·6 % males, mean age 12 (sd0·5) years).Results:Mean SSB intake was 36·3 (sd42·5) fluid ounces or 433·4 (sd493·6) calories per day. In the final step of the regression model, seven variables significantly explained adolescent’s SSB consumption: behavioural intention (P< 0·05), affective attitude (P< 0·05), perceived behavioural control (P< 0·05), health literacy (P< 0·001), caregiver behaviours (P< 0·05), caregiver rules (P< 0·05) and home availability (P< 0·001).Conclusions:SSB intake among adolescents in rural Appalachia was nearly three times above national mean. Home environment was the strongest predictor of adolescent SSB intake, followed by caregiver rules, caregiver behaviours and health literacy. Future interventions targeting these factors may provide the greatest opportunity to improve adolescent SSB intake.
Partial recall: differences between actual and self-reported annuitization decisions in Sweden
Authors: Hagen Johannes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper reports the results from a large telephone survey of 1,000 retiring white-collar workers in Sweden. Shortly before the interview, the participants at age 65 had a choice of receiving a life annuity by default or opting for a fixed-term payout, with a minimum payout length of 5 years. Large monetary amounts were at stake in the payout decision of the survey participants; the average monthly pension payment under the life annuity amounted to US $280. Comparing the survey responses with administrative records on actual payout choices, I find that a majority of retiring white-collar workers fail to recall their payout decision. The recollection rate is much lower among annuitants (those who chose the default option); only 40% of the annuitants accurately recalled their payout decision compared to 77% of those who opted for a fixed-term payout. Beyond payout choice, few individual characteristics predict successful recollection.
Evaluation of an acceleration-based assistive strategy to control a back-support exoskeleton for manual material handling
Authors: Lazzaroni Maria , Tabasi Ali , Toxiri Stefano , Caldwell Darwin G. , De Momi Elena , van Dijk Wietse , de Looze Michiel P. , Kingma Idsart , van Dieën Jaap H. , Ortiz Jesús 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To reduce the incidence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders, back-support exoskeletons are being introduced to assist manual material handling activities. Using a device of this type, this study investigates the effects of a new control strategy that uses the angular acceleration of the user’s trunk to assist during lifting tasks. To validate this new strategy, its effectiveness was experimentally evaluated relative to the condition without the exoskeleton as well as against existing strategies for comparison. Using the exoskeleton during lifting tasks reduced the peak compression force on the L5S1 disc by up to 16%, with all the control strategies. Substantial differences between the control strategies in the reductions of compression force, lumbar moment and back muscle activation were not observed. However, the new control strategy reduced the movement speed less with respect to the existing strategies. Thanks to improved timing in the assistance in relation to the typical dynamics of the target task, the hindrance to typical movements appeared reduced, thereby promoting intuitiveness and comfort.
Hypertension trials update
Authors: Al Ghorani Hussam , Kulenthiran Saarraaken , Lauder Lucas , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypertension is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases and its treatment requires multimodal therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide a summary and update on relevant evidence in hypertension research published in 2019/2020. These include trials dealing with the prognostic effect of systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, the association between hypertension and valve disease, reproducibility of masked and white-coat hypertension, and the prognostic importance of ambulatory and night-time blood pressure measurements. Treatment of hypertension focusing on elderly patients but also the potential cancer risk of thiazide diuretics, the valsartan recall, chronotherapy, and device-based hypertension therapy are discussed.
Matrix metalloproteinase-10 protects against acute kidney injury by augmenting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
Authors: Hu Chengxiao , Zuo Yangyang , Ren Qian , Sun Xiaoli , Zhou Shan , Liao Jinlin , Hong Xue , Miao Jinhua , Zhou Lili , Liu Youhua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase involved in regulating a wide range of biologic processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling. However, the role of MMP-10 in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. In this study, we show that MMP-10 was upregulated in the kidneys and predominantly localized in the tubular epithelium in various models of AKI induced by ischemia/reperfusion (IR) or cisplatin. Overexpression of exogenous MMP-10 ameliorated AKI, manifested by decreased serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, tubular injury and apoptosis, and increased tubular regeneration. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous MMP-10 expression aggravated kidney injury. Interestingly, alleviation of AKI by MMP-10 in vivo was associated with the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling. Blockade of EGFR signaling by erlotinib abolished the MMP-10-mediated renal protection after AKI. In vitro, MMP-10 potentiated EGFR activation and protected kidney tubular cells against apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation or cisplatin. MMP-10 was colocalized with heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in vivo and activated it by a process of proteolytical cleavage in vitro. These studies identify HB-EGF as a previously unrecognized substrate of MMP-10. Our findings also underscore that MMP-10 can protect against AKI by augmenting EGFR signaling, leading to promotion of tubular cell survival and proliferation after injury.
Period1 mediates rhythmic metabolism of toxins by interacting with CYP2E1
Authors: Ge Wenhao , Wang Tao , Zhao Yang , Yang Yunxia , Sun Qi , Yang Xiao , Gao Yan , Xu Xi , Zhang Jianfa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe biological clock is an endogenous biological timing system, which controls metabolic functions in almost all organs. Nutrient metabolism, substrate processing, and detoxification are circadian controlled in livers. However, how the clock genes respond to toxins and influence toxicity keeps unclear. We identified the clock gene Per1 was specifically elevated in mice exposed to toxins such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Mice lacking Per1 slowed down the metabolic rate of toxins including CCl4, capsaicin, and acetaminophen, exhibiting relatively more residues in the plasma. Liver injury and fibrosis induced by acute and chronic CCl4 exposure were markedly alleviated in Per1-deficient mice. These processes involved the binding of PER1 protein and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1α), which enhances the recruitment of HNF-1α to cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2e1) promoter and increases Cyp2e1 expression, thereby promoting metabolism for toxins in the livers. These results indicate that PER1 mediates the metabolism of toxins and appropriate suppression of Per1 response is a potential therapeutic target for toxin-induced hepatotoxicity.
The DDX39B/FUT3/TGFβR-I axis promotes tumor metastasis and EMT in colorectal cancer
Authors: He Chengcheng , Li Aimin , Lai Qiuhua , Ding Jian , Yan Qun , Liu Side , Li Qingyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDDX39B is a member of the DEAD box (DDX) RNA helicase family required for nearly all cellular RNA metabolic processes. The exact role and potential molecular mechanism of DDX39B in the progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be investigated. In the present study, we demonstrate that DDX39B expression is higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that DDX39B facilitates CRC metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation-sequencing (RIP-seq) showed that DDX39B binds directly to the FUT3 pre-mRNA and upregulates FUT3 expression. Splicing experiments in vitro using a Minigene assay confirmed that DDX39B promotes FUT3 pre-mRNA splicing. A nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA separation assay indicates that DDX39B enhances the mRNA export of FUT3. Upregulation of FUT3 accelerates the fucosylation of TGFβR-I, which activates the TGFβ signaling pathway and eventually drives the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and contributes to CRC progression. These findings not only provide new insight into the role of DDX39B in mRNA splicing and export as well as in tumorigenesis, but also shed light on the effects of aberrant fucosylation on CRC progression.
The role of the Hippo pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Xie Zhuo , Wang Ying , Yang Guang , Han Jing , Zhu Liguo , Li Li , Zhang Shenghong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder that primarily comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Owing to its increasing prevalence in Eastern countries and the intractable challenges faced during IBD treatment, extensive research on IBD has been carried out over the last few years. Although the precise aetiology of IBD is undefined, the currently accepted hypothesis for IBD pathogenesis considers it to be a combination of environment, genetic predisposition, gut microbiota, and abnormal immunity. A recently emerged signalling pathway, the Hippo pathway, acts as a key regulator of cell growth, tissue homoeostasis, organ size, and has been implicated in several human cancers. In the past few years, studies have revealed the importance of the Hippo pathway in gastrointestinal tract physiology and gastrointestinal diseases, such as colorectal cancer and IBD. However, the role of the Hippo pathway and its exact impact in IBD remains to be elucidated. This review summarises the latest scientific literature on the involvement of this pathway in IBD from the following perspectives that account for the IBD pathogenesis: intestinal epithelial cell regeneration, immune regulation, gut microbiota, and angiogenesis. A comprehensive understanding of the specific role of the Hippo pathway in IBD will provide novel insights into future research directions and clinical implications of the Hippo pathway.
CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein delta mediates glioma stem-like cell enrichment and ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 activation for temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Shao-Ming , Lin Wen-Chi , Lin Hong-Yi , Chen Yen-Lin , Ko Chiung-Yuan , Wang Ju-Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor and relapses after chemo- or radiotherapy in a short time. The anticancer drug temozolamide (TMZ) is commonly used for GBM treatment, but glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) often lead to drug resistance and therapeutic failure. To date, the mechanism of GSC formation in TMZ-treated GBM remains largely unknown. CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD) is an inflammation-responsive transcription factor and is proposed to be oncogenic in the context of drug resistance, prompting us to clarify its role in TMZ-resistant GBM. In this study, we first found that the CEBPD protein levels in GBM patients were significantly increased and further contributed to TMZ resistance by promoting GSC formation. Accordingly, the protein levels of stemness transcription factors, namely, SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), NANOG, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), were increased in GSCs and TMZ-treated GBM cells. Increased binding of CEBPD to promoter regions was observed in GSCs, indicating the direct regulation of these GSC-related genes by CEBPD. In addition, an ABCA1 inhibitor increased the caspase 3/7 activity of TMZ-treated GSCs, suggesting that TMZ efflux is controlled by ABCA1 activity and that the expression levels of the ABCA1 gene are an indicator of the efficiency of TMZ treatment. Together, we revealed the mechanism of CEBPD-mediated GSC drug resistance and proposed ABCA1 inhibition as a potential strategy for the treatment of TMZ-resistant GBM.
Dual EZH2 and G9a inhibition suppresses multiple myeloma cell proliferation by regulating the interferon signal and IRF4-MYC axis
Authors: Ishiguro Kazuya , Kitajima Hiroshi , Niinuma Takeshi , Maruyama Reo , Nishiyama Naotaka , Ohtani Hitoshi , Sudo Gota , Toyota Mutsumi , Sasaki Hajime , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Kai Masahiro , Nakase Hiroshi , Suzuki Hiromu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms such as histone modification play key roles in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). We previously showed that EZH2, a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) methyltransferase, and G9, a H3K9 methyltransferase, are potential therapeutic targets in MM. Moreover, recent studies suggest EZH2 and G9a cooperate to regulate gene expression. We therefore evaluated the antitumor effect of dual EZH2 and G9a inhibition in MM. A combination of an EZH2 inhibitor and a G9a inhibitor strongly suppressed MM cell proliferation in vitro by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Dual EZH2/G9a inhibition also suppressed xenograft formation by MM cells in vivo. In datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus, higher EZH2 and EHMT2 (encoding G9a) expression was significantly associated with poorer prognoses in MM patients. Microarray analysis revealed that EZH2/G9a inhibition significantly upregulated interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and suppressed IRF4-MYC axis genes in MM cells. Notably, dual EZH2/G9a inhibition reduced H3K27/H3K9 methylation levels in MM cells and increased expression of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) genes, which suggests that activation of ERV genes may induce the IFN response. These results suggest that dual targeting of EZH2 and G9a may be an effective therapeutic strategy for MM.
Structure, substrate specificity, and catalytic mechanism of human D-2-HGDH and insights into pathogenicity of disease-associated mutations
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhu Hanwen , Zhang Tianlong , Ding Jianping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractD-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D-2-HGDH) catalyzes the oxidation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) into 2-oxoglutarate, and genetic D-2-HGDH deficiency leads to abnormal accumulation of D-2-HG which causes type I D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and is associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This work reports the crystal structures of human D-2-HGDH in apo form and in complexes with D-2-HG, D-malate, D-lactate, L-2-HG, and 2-oxoglutarate, respectively. D-2-HGDH comprises a FAD-binding domain, a substrate-binding domain, and a small C-terminal domain. The active site is located at the interface of the FAD-binding domain and the substrate-binding domain. The functional roles of the key residues involved in the substrate binding and catalytic reaction and the mutations identified in D-2-HGDH-deficient diseases are analyzed by biochemical studies. The structural and biochemical data together reveal the molecular mechanism of the substrate specificity and catalytic reaction of D-2-HGDH and provide insights into the pathogenicity of the disease-associated mutations.
The roles of microglia in viral encephalitis: from sensome to therapeutic targeting
Authors: Chhatbar Chintan , Prinz Marco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractViral encephalitis is a devastating disease with high mortality, and survivors often suffer from severe neurological complications. Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma whose turnover is reliant on local proliferation. Microglia express a diverse range of proteins, which allows them to continuously sense the environment and quickly react to changes. Under inflammatory conditions such as CNS viral infection, microglia promote innate and adaptive immune responses to protect the host. However, during viral infection, a dysregulated microglia-T-cell interplay may result in altered phagocytosis of neuronal synapses by microglia that causes neurocognitive impairment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of microglia in viral encephalitis, propose questions to be answered in the future and suggest possible therapeutic targets.
Diverse pathological lesions of primary aldosteronism and their clinical significance
Authors:   JRAS Study Group, Nishimoto Koshiro , Umakoshi Hironobu , Seki Tsugio , Yasuda Masanori , Araki Ryuichiro , Otsuki Michio , Katabami Takuyuki , Shibata Hirotaka , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Wada Norio , Sone Masakatsu , Okamura Shintaro , Izawa Shoichiro , Miyauchi Shozo , Yoshimoto Takanobu , Tsuiki Mika , Naruse Mitsuhide 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is mainly clinically classified as unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) or bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Immunohistochemistry for aldosterone synthase reveals a diverse PA pathology, including pathological APA and aldosterone-producing cell clusters. The relationship between PA pathology and adrenalectomy outcomes was examined herein. Data from 219 unilaterally adrenalectomized PA cases were analyzed. Pathological analyses revealed diverse putative aldosterone-producing lesions. Postoperative biochemical outcomes in 114 cases (test cohort) were classified as complete success (n = 85), partial success (n = 19), and absent success (n = 10). Outcomes in the large and small PA lesion groups, rather than between PA lesion types, were compared at five threshold values for PA lesion sizes (2–6 mm with 1-mm increments) to streamline the results. The proportion of complete success was significantly higher in the large PA lesion group than in the small PA lesion group at the 5-mm threshold only. The proportion of absent success was significantly higher in the small PA lesion group than in the large PA lesion group at all thresholds. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the test cohort identified serum K as an independent predictive factor for the small PA lesion group, which was confirmed in the 105-case validation cohort. Chi-squared automatic interaction detector analysis revealed that the best threshold of serum K for predicting large PA lesions was 2.82 mEq/L. These results will be beneficial for treating PA in clinical settings because patients with low serum K levels and apparent adrenal masses on CT may be subjected to adrenalectomy even if the adrenal venous sampling test is unavailable.
Strong optomechanical coupling at room temperature by coherent scattering
Authors: de los Ríos Sommer Andrés , Meyer Nadine , Quidant Romain 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuantum control of a system requires the manipulation of quantum states faster than any decoherence rate. For mesoscopic systems, this has so far only been reached by few cryogenic systems. An important milestone towards quantum control is the so-called strong coupling regime, which in cavity optomechanics corresponds to an optomechanical coupling strength larger than cavity decay rate and mechanical damping. Here, we demonstrate the strong coupling regime at room temperature between a levitated silica particle and a high finesse optical cavity. Normal mode splitting is achieved by employing coherent scattering, instead of directly driving the cavity. The coupling strength achieved here approaches three times the cavity linewidth, crossing deep into the strong coupling regime. Entering the strong coupling regime is an essential step towards quantum control with mesoscopic objects at room temperature.
Anomalous circular bulk photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3 thin films with stripe-domain pattern
Authors: Knoche David S. , Steimecke Matthias , Yun Yeseul , Mühlenbein Lutz , Bhatnagar Akash 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMultiferroic bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3, offers a vast landscape to study the interplay between different ferrroic orders. Another aspect which is equally exciting, and yet underutilized, is the possibility of large-scale ordering of domains. Along with symmetry-driven bulk photovoltaic effect, BiFeO3 presents opportunities to conceptualize novel light-based devices. In this work, we investigate the evolution of the bulk photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3 thin films with stripe-domain pattern as the polarization of light is modulated from linear to elliptical to circular. The open-circuit voltages under circularly polarized light exceed ± 25 V. The anomalous character of the effect arises from the contradiction with the analytical assessment involving tensorial analysis. The assessment highlights the need for a domain-specific interaction of light which is further analyzed with spatially-resolved Raman measurements. Appropriate positioning of electrodes allows observation of a switch-like photovoltaic effect, i.e., ON and OFF state, by changing the helicity of circularly polarized light.
Avalanche criticality during ferroelectric/ferroelastic switching
Authors: Casals Blai , Nataf Guillaume F. , Salje Ekhard K. H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractField induced domain wall displacements define ferroelectric/ferroelastic hysteresis loops, which are at the core of piezoelectric, magnetoelectric and memristive devices. These collective displacements are scale invariant jumps with avalanche characteristics. Here, we analyse the spatial distribution of avalanches in ferroelectrics with different domain and transformation patterns: Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 contains complex domains with needles and junction patterns, while BaTiO3 has parallel straight domains. Nevertheless, their avalanche characteristics are indistinguishable. The energies, areas and perimeters of the switched regions are power law distributed with exponents close to predicted mean field values. At the coercive field, the area exponent decreases, while the fractal dimension increases. This fine structure of the switching process has not been detected before and suggests that switching occurs via criticality at the coercive field with fundamentally different switching geometries at and near this critical point. We conjecture that the domain switching process in ferroelectrics is universal at the coercive field.