bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of pharmacists on identification of immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities
Authors: Linger Caitlin M. , Trinh Van A. , Ma Junsheng , Bassett Roland , Zobniw Chrystia M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has changed the face of management for cutaneous malignancies since their introduction. While these agents are associated with exciting outcomes, they are also associated with unique toxicities, referred to as immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Early recognition and management of these adverse reactions is important to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with these agents. At our institution, patients who receive every two‐week CPIs are eligible for enrollment into the telephone toxicity monitoring program led by the skin center clinical pharmacists. Our intention for this study is to review the departmental experience and impact to patient care with the implementation of pharmacist telephone follow‐up calls.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational cohort study of all adult skin center clinic patients who received every two‐week dosing of nivolumab and avelumab with a documented telephone follow‐up encounter from June 1, 2015 to September 30, 2019. Patients were identified via the skin center telephone call patient database.ResultsA total of 726 follow up calls were conducted among 177 patients. There were 278 (38.3%) calls with at least one intervention. Of these interventions, 59.4% were considered clinically non‐significant and 40.6% were clinically significant which are considered irAE‐related. The most commonly identified irAEs were gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and endocrine, and most irAEs were low grade. The median time to complete a toxicity assessment for both clinically non‐significant and significant was 30 minutes.ConclusionsOur data show that a pharmacist‐driven telephone toxicity assessment program in a skin center clinic over a four‐year time span can lead to the identification of clinically significant irAEs and beneficial interventions to patients. However, this process is time consuming and will need further evaluation in order to determine pharmacist full‐time equivalents needed to carry out this program.
Extrinsic parameter's adjustment and potential implications in Plasmodium falciparum malaria diagnosis
Authors: A Vijayalakshmi , B Rajesh Kanna , C Vijayalakshmi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMalaria is a major public health concern, affecting over 3.2 billion people in 91 countries. The advent of digital microscopy and Machine learning with the aim of automating Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis extensively depends on the extracted image features. The color of the cells, plasma, and stained artifacts influence the topological, geometrical, and statistical parameters being used to extract image features. During microscopic image acquisition, custom adjustments to the condenser and color temperature controls often have an influence on the extracted statistical features. But, our human visual system sub‐consciously adjusts the color and retains the originality in a different lighting environment. Despite the use of appropriate image preprocessing, findings from the literature indicate that statistical feature variations exist, allowing the risk of P. falciparum misinterpretation. In order to eliminate this pervasive variation, the current work focuses on preprocessing the extracted statistical features rather than the prepossessing of the source image. It begins with the augmentation of series images for a microscopic field by inducing illumination variations during the microscopic image acquisition stage. A set of such image series is analyzed using a Nonlinear Regression Model to generalize the relationship between microscopic images acquired with variable ambient brightness and a specific feature. The projection point of the centroid feature onto the brightness parameter is identified in the model and it is denoted as the optimum brightness factor (OBF). Using the model, the feature correction factor (CF) is calculated from the rate of change of feature values over the interval OBF, and the brightness of the test image is processed. The present work has investigated OBF for selected image textural features, namely Contrast, Homogeneity, Entropy, Energy, and Correlation individually from its co‐occurrence matrices. For performance analysis, the best state‐of‐the‐art method uses selected texture as a subset feature to evaluate the effectiveness of P. falciparum malaria classification. Then, the impact of proposed feature processing is evaluated on 274 blood smear images with and without Feature Correction (FC). As a result, the “p” value is less than .05, which leads to the result that it is highly significant and the classification accuracy and F‐score of P. falciparum malaria are increased.
Histological, transmission electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical study of the adrenal gland in the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus)
Authors: Johnny Mahshid , Goodarzi Nader , Bazm Mohsen Akbari 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research was aimed to present the histological and ultrastructure properties of the adrenal gland in the Persian squirrel. Two male and female animals were included in the study. The adrenal gland was bean‐shaped and located on the cranial pole of kidney. The enveloping capsule was dense connective tissue that reacted positively with Periodic‐Acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson trichrome stainings. The parenchyma of the gland consisted of two‐part, namely cortex and medulla; the cortex had three layers: zona glomerulosa (ZG), zona fasciculata (ZF), and zona reticularis (ZR). The cells of the ZG were mainly spherical and ovoid with circular arrangement and few lipid droplets in TEM micrographs. The cells of the ZF were columnar and spherical that were arranged in cord‐like rows. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated conspicuous lipid droplets and mitochondria in this zone. The cells of the ZR were arranged in a tangled networks and were almost similar to those in the ZF. TEM images showed fewer lipid vesicles in the ZR compared to the ZF and ZG. Chromaffin cells were located in the medulla of the adrenal gland in two layers. TEM images showed that some of them were smaller and contained fewer secretory granules; other cells were larger and contained more electron‐dense secretory granules. Immunofluorescence staining showed that steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) expressed from cortex to the corticomedullary junction (CMJ) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressed in the medulla. In conclusion, the results indicated both similarities and differences between the adrenal gland of the Persian squirrel and other animals such as mammals and rodents.
A case of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in which a disease‐specific question led to the diagnosis
Authors: Maita Hiroki , Kobayashi Tadashi , Akimoto Takashi , Osawa Hiroshi , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 17‐year‐old female patient presented to our hospital with repeated transient loss of consciousness lasting less than 10 min. After regaining consciousness, she experienced no disorientation, confusion, tongue‐biting, or incontinence. Physical findings, blood tests, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram showed no obvious abnormalities. On being asked whether she had experienced sudden rapid body movements, she answered “yes.” Therefore, we suspected juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and obtained an electroencephalogram, which showed diffuse bilateral bursts of spike‐and‐wave complexes, confirming the diagnosis. In adolescent patients with transient loss of consciousness, myoclonic jerks should be actively confirmed for the diagnosis of JME.
Lipid residue analysis of ceramic vessels from the Liujiawa site of the Rui State (early Iron Age, north China)
Authors: Han Bin , Sun Zhanwei , Chong Jianrong , Lyu Nanning , Rao Huiyun , Yang Yimin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTThe Liujiawa site is located in the Agricultural–Nomadic Transitional Zone in Northern China (ANTZNC), inhabited during the early Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 bc). Little is known about the diets of its inhabitants or agricultural management practices due to scant historical descriptions. In this study, lipid analysis was conducted on pottery sherds collected from two residential areas within the Liujiawa site. The results offer direct evidence for the processing of millet and ruminant and non‐ruminant carcass products by the commoners of the Liujiawa community. The individual δ13C values of fatty acids with positive fluctuation indicate that some ruminant animals and pigs were fed C4 plants as fodder. The routine consumption of ruminant meat by the common inhabitants also reflects a more diverse food source than that proposed in historical descriptions that have suggested dietary heterogeneity between the upper and lower classes: cattle or ovicaprid meat was not a singular privilege enjoyed by the noble classes. On the contrary, commoners also consumed the meat as a food source. Moreover, direct evidence of dairy processing has been found for the first time in pottery residues from an archaeological site within ANTZNC, strongly indicating that milk had been incorporated into the diet as an additional source of food.
Effects of background music on evaluations of visual images
Authors: Klein Kristina , Melnyk Valentyna , Völckner Franziska 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsumers are increasingly exposed to simultaneous auditory and visual stimulation in retail environments. Consistently, there is rising practitioner interest in how to interact the visual appearance of products and packaging with music sounds. This study addresses the intriguing question whether music systematically changes how people like what they see. We propose a cross‐modal homeostasis effect that explains how music changes the inverted‐U relationship between the perceived complexity of visuals and how much people like them. We show that the presence of music (irrespective of its complexity) shifts the optimal level of visual complexity towards liking of relatively simple visuals. Thus, while the mere presence of music decreases consumers' liking of complex visuals, it increases their liking of simpler visuals. Given the omnipresence of background music across business environments, the results have important implications, as music can have unexpected cross‐modal consequences for the evaluation of visuals.
Reconstruction after complete mandibular avulsion with double‐paddle fibular free flap. A case report
Authors: Innocenti Marco , Menichini Giulio , Lucattelli Elena , Fidanza Anastasia , Innocenti Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReconstruction after maxillofacial trauma is extremely challenging. During the past several decades, the chimeric fibular‐free flap has emerged as a leading reconstructive option for head and neck compound defects. This report describes a unique case of total mandibular reconstruction using a double‐paddle osteocutaneous fibular free flap after facial traumatic injury. A 45‐year‐old man presented a severe maxillofacial trauma with complete mandibular avulsion. The shortest segment of a 24‐cm fibular flap was used to reconstruct the symphysis while the longest segments were placed to rebuild the mandibular body. Microvascular anastomoses were performed with the external jugular vein and facial artery. The distal skin island (10 × 5 cm) was sutured to cover the endo‐oral defect while the proximal one (12 × 6 cm) to restore the external tissues continuity of the facial lower third. The postoperative course was uneventful. One year after flap reconstruction, a first commissuroplasty was performed. After 3 months, secondary commissuroplasty was performed with an Estlander flap to rebuild the right lower lip. At latest follow‐up, 60 months postoperatively, the patient was able to tolerate soft diet with maximal mouth opening of more than 4 cm; no impairment to mastication, deglutition, or phonation was observed. Speech was normal and the aesthetic outcome was judged good. Double‐paddle fibular free flap allows reconstruction of extremely challenging defects, such in case of complete mandibular avulsion. The proximal perforator can provide extended soft‐tissue coverage and greater volume than traditional osteocutaneous flaps, avoiding two flaps simultaneous harvest.
A miniaturized 35 GHz 65‐nm CMOS digital‐controlled differential variable gain amplifier
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chung , Tsai Zuo‐Min 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a 35 GHz differential variable gain amplifier (VGA) with 4‐bit digital‐controlled gain‐tuning using 65‐nm CMOS process. Using the proposed miniaturized differential matching inductors, a core size of the VGA is only 0.53 0.26 mm. The digital gain control mechanism is achieved using the digital version current steering topology. The measured gain control range of the VGA is from 17.4 to 9 dB at 35 GHz with 16 different linear‐in‐dB gain states. Thus, this work achieves the maximum peak gain per unit core size and maintains a much better gain control range per unit core size. The measured root mean square gain error is <0.29 dB and phase error is < from 34 to 36.5 GHz.
Evaluation of the key prescription sequence symmetry analysis assumption using the calcium channel blocker: Loop diuretic prescribing cascade
Authors: Vouri Scott M. , Morris Earl J. , Usmani Silken A. , Reise Rachel , Jiang Xinyi , Pepine Carl J. , Manini Todd M. , Malone Daniel C. , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the prescription sequence symmetry analysis assumption regarding balance between marker drug (i.e., medication used to treat a drug‐induced adverse event) initiation rates before and after initiation of an index drug (i.e., medication that is potentially associated with the drug‐induced adverse event) in the absence of prescribing cascades, we used a well‐described example of loop diuretic initiation to treat dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DH CCB)‐induced edema.Study design and settingThe University of Florida Health Integrated Data Repository from June 2011 and July 2018 was used to assess temporal prescribing of DH CCB and loop diuretics within the prescription sequence symmetry analysis framework. Validation of the prescribing cascade was performed via clinical expert chart review.ResultsAmong patients without heart failure who were initiated on DH CCB, 26 and 64 loop diuretics initiators started within 360 days before versus after DH CCB initiation, respectively, resulting in an adjusted sequence ratio (aSR) of 2.27 (95% CI, 1.44–3.58). Overall, 35 (54.7%) patients were determined to have a prescribing cascade. Removing patients who experienced a prescribing cascade resulted in an aSR of 1.05, 95% CI 0.62–1.78).ConclusionLoop diuretic initiation rates before and after DH CCB initiation for reasons other a prescribing cascade were similar, thus confirming the prescription sequence symmetry analysis assumption.
The protection of Salicornia rubra from ultraviolet radiation by betacyanins and phenolic compounds
Authors: Jensen Katherine , Koide Roger T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSalicornia rubra is a commonly occurring annual species of the salt playas of the Great Basin Desert of the western United States. In such habitats, plants experience high levels of ultraviolet radiation, which could potentially damage DNA. As a member of the Amaranthaceae (Caryophyllales), S. rubra shoots typically contain high concentrations of the red‐violet pigments called betacyanins, which are ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds. Nevertheless, some specimens of S. rubra are green even when growing with full exposure to the sun. We, therefore, tested several hypotheses regarding the causes of variation among S. rubra plants in betacyanin concentration and the role of betacyanins in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. We measured ultraviolet radiation absorption and the concentrations of betacyanins and phenolic compounds of the cell sap expressed from red and green plants growing in full sun, as well as plants grown under various levels of shade. We found that while betacyanin concentrations were predictable from plant color (red plants contained more betacyanins than green plants), the ability to absorb ultraviolet radiation was determined primarily by the concentration of phenolic compounds, which was determined by the level of exposure to the sun. Therefore, the DNA of green plants growing in full sun appears to be at no greater risk than the DNA of red plants.
Preparation and structural analysis of a comb‐like polymer through functional monomer design
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Wang Ruolan , Jiang Feng , Pu Wanfen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPartially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the most extensively used polymer for enhanced oil recovery due to its accessibility and low cost. However, HPAM shows inadequacies in high mineralization and high‐temperature reservoirs. To solve this problem, a comb‐like polymer with superior salt‐resistance and stability named CHPAM was prepared via direct free‐radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) with the self‐designed monomer (Acryloyl‐MPEG‐1000). The chemical structures of CHPAM and monomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Static light scattering (SLS) was adopted to measure the molecular weights of CHPAM and HPAM. The solution properties of CHPAM and HPAM were comparatively studied. It was found that CHPAM showed better thermal‐salt stability and salt‐resistance than HPAM, especially in Ca2+solution. This work paves a new way for the preparation of novel polymers.
Mindfulness training for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review of contemporary literature
Authors: Kounidas Georgios , Kastora Stavroula 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMindfulness is a component of several psychotherapies. Nonetheless, its effectiveness in borderline personality disorder (BPD) management remains obscure. This systematic review examined the effect of mindfulness training in BPD patients. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CAB Abstracts, Embase, MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo were searched until 30 June 2021. Five trials with 294 participants were included. Improvements were reported in participants' levels of impulsivity, in their emotion dysregulation patterns, in their attention skills and in their mindfulness‐related capacities including decentering and nonjudging. The findings suggest that mindfulness training may be an effective tool for alleviating certain aspects of BPD symptomatology. More research is needed before definitive conclusions can be reached about the effectiveness of mindfulness training in the treatment of BPD patients, and this remains to be elucidated in larger structured clinical trials, with longer follow‐ups.
Upregulated bone morphogenetic protein 5 enhances proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition process in benign prostatic hyperplasia via BMP/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Daoquan , Liu Jianmin , Li Yan , Liu Huan , Hassan Hassan M. , He Weixiang , Li Mingzhou , Zhou Yongying , Fu Xun , Zhan Junfeng , Wang Zhen , Yang Shu , Chen Ping , Xu Deqiang , Wang Xinhuan , DiSanto Michael E. , Zeng Guang , Zhang Xinhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common illnesses in aging men. Recent studies found that bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP5) is upregulated in BPH tissues, however, the role of BMP5 in the development of BPH has not been examined. The current study aims to elucidate the potential roles of BMP5 and related signaling pathways in BPH.MethodsHuman prostate cell lines (BPH‐1, WPMY‐1) and human/rat hyperplastic prostate tissues were utilized. Western blot, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescent staining, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. BMP5‐silenced and ‐overexpressed cell models were generated and then cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and proliferation were determined. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also quantitated. And rescue experiments by BMP/Smad signaling pathway agonist or antagonist were accomplished. Moreover, BPH‐related tissue microarray analysis was performed and associations between clinical parameters and expression of BMP5 were analyzed.ResultsOur study demonstrated that BMP5 was upregulated in human and rat hyperplastic tissues and localized both in the epithelial and stromal compartments of the prostate tissues. E‐cadherin was downregulated in hyperplastic tissues, while N‐cadherin and vimentin were upregulated. Overexpression of BMP5 enhanced cell proliferation and the EMT process via phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, while knockdown of BMP5 induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and blocked the EMT process. Moreover, a BMP/Smad signaling pathway agonist and antagonist reversed the effects of BMP5 silencing and overexpression, respectively. In addition, BMP5 expression positively correlated with prostate volume and total prostate‐specific antigen.ConclusionOur novel data suggest that BMP5 modulated cell proliferation and the EMT process through the BMP/Smad signaling pathway which could contribute to the development of BPH. However, further studies are required to determine the exact mechanism. Our study also indicated that BMP/Smad signaling may be rediscovered as a promising new therapeutic target for the treatment of BPH.
The impact of weak environmental steering flow on tropical cyclone track predictability
Authors: Ashcroft John , Schwendike Juliane , Griffiths Stephen D. , Ross Andrew N. , Short Chris J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTyphoonsHaiyan(2013) andHagupit(2014) are examples of two tropical cyclones (TCs) for which, despite similarities in the track and intensity, the predictabilities differed greatly. Both TCs made landfall over the Philippines having followed a similar track across the Pacific and both reached intensities in excess of 60 ms−1. Operational global ensemble forecasts showed large uncertainty in the track of , whereas the ensemble spread for was considerably less. Using the Met Office's Unified Model, 5‐day global ensemble forecasts were produced for both storms. Consistent with the operational forecasts produced at the time of the storms, the spread of tracks is greater in the forecasts produced for than . The latter was located on the southern periphery of the subtropical high and embedded in a strong easterly flow. In contrast, the position of between two anticyclones earlier in the forecast is key to the subsequent motion of the storm in determining whether would make landfall over the Philippines or turn to the north. Upper‐level winds contributed the most to the depth‐averaged steering flow. Statistically significant differences in the strength of the upper‐level anticyclone to the east of the storm, the strength and position of the upper‐level ridge downstream of the storm and the location of a detached potential vorticity (PV) streamer appear between two groups of ensemble members – those which turn to the north and those which make landfall. Positional differences of the TC in different ensemble members earlier in the forecasts, particularly in the east to west direction, are correlated to larger northeast to southwest position differences later in the forecast. Ensemble sensitivity analysis suggests that this initial east–west positional variance is linked to the upper‐level geopotential height directly south of the storm. Accurately representing both the steering flow and the position of is vital for an accurate forecast.