bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Biscuits Enriched with Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.): Acceptability Test and Its Effect on Blood Glucose Level
Authors: Putri Ayuning Rica , Astari Rahmadaniar Dewi , Rahmawaty Setyaningrum 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Biscuits are popular snacks consumed by all age groups throughout the world. However, they are generally rich in energy and high glycemic index. Regular consumption of biscuits is associated with an increased risk of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Momordica charantia L., also known as bitter melon, has a hypoglycemic effect; adding it into biscuits may counter the glycemic index of biscuits, thereby keeping the blood glucose level of biscuits consumers normal.

Objectives:
The aims of this study were to formulate bitter melon (BM) enriched biscuits and test their acceptability and effect on blood glucose levels (BGL).

Methods:
The study consisted of 3 stages, including BM biscuits formulation and production, an acceptability test via 30 trained panelists, followed by an experimental stage using pre- and post-test-controlled randomized group design on healthy Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) to test the effect of BM biscuits on BGL.

Results:
The biscuits were made using 0.5% bitter melon flour and 99.5% wheat flour. The BM biscuits were graded as acceptable by 93.3% of the panelists, most of whom rated them with “rather like” for their color and taste. A significant decrease in the BGL was found in after 30 days of the BM biscuits intervention (mean±SD=-9.71±1.15 mg/dL, p=0.01) in healthy Wistar rats; conversely, a significant increase in the BGL was found in the control group.

Conclusion:
Biscuits enriched with bitter melon flour could be used as an alternative to low glycemic snacks without increasing blood glucose level of healthy Wistar rats.
Toxicological evaluation and in vitro assessment of antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Andrographis paniculata extract
Authors: Adedayo Bukola C. , Jesubowale Oluwapelumi S. , Adebayo Adeniyi A. , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Andrographis paniculata is a plant herb that is used to treat various disease conditions because of its medicinal properties. This study sought to assess the antioxidant potentials of A. paniculata in vitro and evaluate its toxicological effects Wistar albino rats. Aqueous extract of A. paniculate, on which the following antioxidant assays, azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate radical (ABTS*), 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*), hydroxyl radical (OH*), ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP) and Fe2+ chelation were carried out, was prepared. For the toxicological study, the extract was administered orally for 14 days at different doses of 5, 50, 500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight. Afterwards, the liver function markers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), total and direct bilirubin], as well as kidney function markers [creatinine, urea, and uric acid] were evaluated. Results obtained from this study showed that A. paniculata extract possess antioxidant activities in vitro and also revealed that the plant extract is safe at the various doses administered as there was no record of death or any observable sign of skin pathology and also possess antioxidant properties. Therefore, aqueous extract of A. paniculata is non-toxic and could be used for medicinal and therapeutic purposes.
Physicochemical properties and toxicity of soluble polypyrrole: A study of its potential for biomedical applications
Authors: Alves Ana Paula Pereira , de Moraes Peixoto Rodolfo , de Faria Silva Souza Renata , de Oliveira Helinando Pequeno , da Silva Júnior Fernando Antônio Gomes , Lima Kátia Simoni Bezerra , de Almeida Cynthia Layse Ferreira , de Lima Ricardo Santana , Araújo Larissa Rolim , do Monte Alane Pains Oliveira , Amariz Isabela Araujo E , Alves Valéria Pereira , da Silva Rodrigues João Paulo , da Costa Mateus Matiuzzi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Polypyrrole is one of the most promising polymers for biomedical applications, and its low solubility in most common solvents led to the development of soluble forms of this conducting polymer. In this study, the physicochemical properties and the in vivo toxicity of soluble polypyrrole were evaluated, aiming to validate its potential for biomedical applications. The pH, density, and miscibility in different solvents were determined in two soluble polypyrrole samples synthesized on different dates. Two nonclinical studies on the toxicity of soluble polypyrrole were conducted with Swiss mice distributed into groups according to the dose administered. The single-dose toxicity study (acute toxicity) consisted of a single intraperitoneal application of a soluble polypyrrole solution at the doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, followed by observation during 14 days. The repeated-dose toxicity study lasted for 28 days with daily intraperitoneal applications of the soluble polypyrrole solution, at the doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. Parameters such as mortality, behavioral screening, water and ration intake, body mass evolution, organ indices, and the macroscopic evaluation of the organs were observed in both studies. Additionally, hematological and histopathological analyses were performed in the repeated-dose toxicity study. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality was verified during the 14 days of observation at any of the doses tested, indicating that soluble polypyrrole has an LD50>1,000 mg/kg. The main alterations observed in the repeated-dose toxicity study involved the liver changes, such as in the increase of its relative weight, the presence of necrosis, and granulomatous inflammation. Considering the high doses administered and the time of application, the results indicate low toxicity of soluble polypyrrole when administered by the intraperitoneal route.
Influenza Vaccination Rates, Perceptions, and Vaccine Hesitancy in K-12 Teachers and Staff
Authors: Cleveland Kevin , Eroschenko Kathy , Davenport Dalys , Nguyen Elaine 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Vaccination misinformation can contribute to vaccine hesitancy and decreased vaccination. Previous immunization events at various K-12 schools carried out by Idaho State University L.S. Skaggs College of Pharmacy have noticed a small turn out of teachers and staff getting immunized during these events. Given the prominent role that teachers/staff serve in communities, we surveyed K-12 teachers and staff to determine their perceptions, knowledge, and reasons surrounding vaccine hesitancy. Our survey focused on the influenza vaccine, but also inquired about vaccine knowledge in general.
METHODS: A Qualtrics survey was distributed online throughout the West Ada School District, located in southwestern Idaho. Demographics, receipt of vaccine, influenza vaccination motivation, knowledge and reasons for hesitancy were collected. Surveys were distributed July 2020 and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Response differences between those who most recently received their influenza vaccine and those who did not were also compared using chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests when appropriate.
RESULTS: A total of 503 surveys were completed, with all respondents college educated and teaching throughout the K-12 curriculum. A majority of respondents (n=409;81%) received a yearly influenza vaccination. Reasons for vaccination included: avoidance of flu, reduction of spread, and prevention of complications. Reasons against vaccination included: lack of efficacy, side effects, and numerous “other” responses. When comparing general influenza vaccine knowledge between those who received their influenza vaccine vs. those that did not, those who had been vaccinated displayed responses that more closely coincided with scientific data.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of surveyed K-12 teachers/staff received their influenza vaccine during the 2019-2020 season. However, ~20% of teachers/staff are still hesitant due to misinformation regarding vaccinations. Resources and partnerships between health organizations and school districts may increase vaccine acceptance.
Complex Pipeline Network Sensitivity Analysis on Mature Facility to Identify Surface Interdependencies on Delivering an Optimum Production of Multi Pattern Flow
Authors: Faiz F. , Yudhaprasetya A. B. , Andryanto F. C. , Dipta R. A. , Prana Y. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Prior surface provision tie-in activities of new pipeline project connecting four pumping stations A-B-C-D, an engineering study must be performed and consolidated with a sequentially-safe field execution. The main challenge is to deliver production using only one booster pump from pumping station A up to D through in total 54 km multi-segments-size of 16"-12"-14" un pig-able subsea pipeline with a limited operating pressure of 210 PSIG. The unexpected production losses must be predicted and prevented during thses activities. Regarding those field limitations, sensitivity analysis has being used as an approach to identify any variables which are important to mao out the likelihood of multiple scenarios, identify detail surface interdependencies, and develop operational subtasks all of which are needed to be done simultaneously. The analysis has being done using multiphase flow set up under nodal-based iteration to calculate and deliver flow profiles covering whole pipeline section length. In general, there are four different multi pattern flows which are well identified under the study: bubble, transition, slug, and intermittent flow.
This paper describes out study and development of operational subtasks which are needed to be done on the working field in order to prevent production losses during shut down moment of provision tie-in execution. Based on the results, a production of 20k BFPD and 2k BOPD was feasible to be delivered without any side effect of process upset along all pumping stations. Those subtasks were focusing on pressure preservation, intermittent flow management, robust operational enforcement safely, and integrity concern in mature pipeline and topside facilities.
The novelty of this robust sensitivity analysis is in the ability to predict pipeline pressure drop while maintaining the integrity due to MAOP (Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure) limitation. Multiple scenario of safe delivery modes were furthermore precisely identified. This success story can be implemented on future cases along mature offshore facilities.
Key Geomechanical Issues in Efficient Development of Ultra Deep Oil and Gas
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Zhang Hui , Xu Ke , Yuan Fang , Yin Guoqing , Wang Haiying 
Published: February 2025

The Tarim Basin is an important area for deep oil and gas exploration and development in China. It undertakes the important mission of supplying gas to the West-East Gas Pipeline Project in a long-term and stable manner. Ultra-deep and super-large clastic rock gas fields have been discovered here, with reserves of 1.6 trillion cubic meters, ranking first in China. Among them, 83% of the reserves are located in the subsalt structural area deeper than 6,000 meters in the Kuqa Depression. The surface landforms and underground structures there are very complex. The gas fields are buried very deep (the deepest is 8,169 meters) and the matrix is very dense (with a porosity of 5.2% and a permeability of 0.07 mD). They have the characteristics of "three highs and two strongs" (the in-situ stress is as high as 220 MPa, the formation pressure is as high as 143 MPa, the temperature is as high as 190 °C, strong compressive deformation, and strong heterogeneity), and it is one of the clastic rock gas reservoirs with the greatest development difficulties in the world at present.
Under such geological backgrounds, the efficient development of ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Kuqa Depression is faced with four world-class theoretical and technological challenges: a) The coupling mechanism among in-situ stress, fluid and rock mass in ultra-deep and strongly compressed clastic rock gas fields remains unclear, and there is a lack of theoretical basis for efficient development technical countermeasures; b) The effective reservoirs in ultra-deep and strongly heterogeneous gas reservoirs are highly concealed, making it difficult to deploy efficient wells; c) The coexistence of ultra-deep, extremely hard, strongly creeping and narrow pressure windows makes it difficult to conduct efficient drilling; d) The interweaving of blockage, corrosion and abnormal pressure in ultra-deep, high-temperature and ultra-high-pressure gas wells makes it difficult to achieve safe and stable production.
Based on high-temperature and high-pressure rock mechanics experiments and mathematical derivations, this paper constructs calculation models for in-situ stress and reservoir fracture conductivity, wellbore stability in formations with weak planes, and degree of reservoir sand production. It clarifies the feedback mechanism between fluid migration and rock mass deformation and instability. Combined with multi-source information from well seismic geophysics, a multi-scale geomechanical model of gas reservoir-surrounding well-wellbore is established, realizing accurate characterization of the interactions such as deformation, fracture, slip, and flow of geological bodies under the background of ultra-deep and strong compression. This provides a scientific basis for formulating efficient development technical countermeasures.
An Innovative Breakthrough in Gas Lift Optimization Analysis That Improves Upon the Current Best Practices Established in The Industry – An Effort to Know Your Well Better from The Surface in One Glance
Authors: Segaran T. Chandra , Trajangganung K. , Kamaruddin I. I. , Ahnap M. S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Malaysia's offshore fields, with over 2000 strings, primarily yield oil and gas, where 77% are oil producers. Currently, 58% employ gas lift systems. Despite this, only 25% of wells are active, with 23% idle and 38 due to lift system issues. Multi-pointing, gas shortages, and operational constraints contribute to the increasing number of idle wells. This paper aims to fill a gap in gas lift optimization analysis by tracking historical gas lift valve status and monetizing the low-hanging opportunities by simply analyzing the readily available data at hand. A continuous effort to improve the gas lift optimization process will fill the gap and seize the opportunity to monetize gains at low cost. Involvement from all departments is anticipated to ensure victory with minimal operational hassles. Starting from data acquisition, integrated analysis, model validation, and evaluation, along with data management, serves the fruitfulness of teamwork. A refined gas lift valve changeout database was established before model validation by utilizing FGS and SGS survey data. The validated model is then used for in-depth lifting analysis to identify historical valve status, maximum allowable injection rate, and corrected total gas rate before further analysis for intervention and execution without invention. The case study involves over 200 oil-producing strings that are gas-lifted, with 10% of them identified as having lifting issues such as multi-pointing, gas robbing, and over-injection. Moving forward, during the candidate maturation process, the wells were matched with FGS data to define the gas lift valve status and injection point. However, to ensure the right amount of gas is injected at the correct depth in each well for maximum oil production, the gas lift valve status throughout the production period is evaluated with the help of diagnostic tools. Once the valve status has been finalized, the gas lift injection rate at the injection point is determined before proposing gas lift optimization operation execution. Unexpectedly, this effort managed to monetize the brownfield's remaining reserves by increasing production by up to 25%. This amazing breakthrough, which fills the gap in the gas lift optimization analysis, will maximize the well potential by evaluating the existing gas lift system to up to date understand the performance and allow rigorous analysis to identify opportunities on gas lift optimization and/or redesign gas lift valves.
Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoir Stimulation Technology In Shenfu Block
Authors: Yang F. , Li B. , Hao Z. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the continuous deepening of exploration and development, the availability of medium and shallow coalbed methane sources for scale benefit development is decreasing, and the coalbed methane exploration field in China has gradually changed from shallow to deep. Deep coal seam is an important area for China's future exploration and development, as well as an important site for carbon dioxide storage. Deep coalbed methane is one of the important guarantees for China to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. However, as an unconventional oil and gas resource, deep coalbed methane requires reservoir stimulation to achieve efficient development.
This study addresses the challenges of deep CBM development in the Shenfu Block on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, China. Due to the characteristics of deep burial, high structural stress, and poor physical properties of deep coal seams, the traditional reservoir reconstruction methods are facing limitations. Based on the mature experience and technology of shale gas development, this paper proposes a reservoir stimulation technology for deep coal seams, which can help solve these challenges. This technology has been successfully applied to the efficient development of deep coalbed methane in Shenfu Block, which provides a reference for the development of deep coalbed methane resources in other basins at present.
Enhance Safety in Well Operations by Advanced Technology Aimed to Monitor Red Zones on Rig Site with Artificial Intelligence Applications
Authors: Magni G. , Tita G. E. , Leonardo F. , Cannarile F. , Sala G. , Toso M. Dal , Boccitto L. , Capurso P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Oil& gas rigs are complex and hazardous environments, where operators are exposed to numerous risks. Despite the continuous effort to put in place solutions that remove risks from the rig floor through the automation process, workers are still required to enter into hazardous areas (Red Zones) to perform specific tasks.
This paper has the purpose to describe technologies aimed to detect operators’ risk behavior (e.g., unauthorized accesses to Red Zone) and convey timely alarms to prevent incidents. To identify and test the most suitable technologies considering the diverse operational contexts, it was decided to adopt a comprehensive approach exploring multiple options, with the aim to maximize the chances of finding the optimal solutions.
A thorough screening process was conducted encompassing an array of proposals, categorized into real-time position monitoring through wearable devices coupled with on-site geofencing and visual detection system based on with Artificial Intelligence (AI) for monitoring and controlling virtual safety perimeters around red zones.
The selected technologies were subjected to rigorous proof of concepts to assess their feasibility, functionality and compatibility within the considered operational frameworks.
Different market solutions were assessed, with preference given to vendors offering mature and proven systems that integrate smart cameras and wearables combining the benefits of both technologies.
Parallel initiatives were undertaken to determine the most effective technical solutions tailored to specific drilling rig environments, such as land rigs, offshore jack-up drilling units and drilling ships.
The implementation of the red zone monitoring system on the rig has a direct impact on the behavior of the operators, evidenced by a decreasing trend of unauthorized accesses in the rig floor red zones, with consequent reduction of workers’ exposure to risk. Furthermore, the data collected will enable the identification of behavioral patterns within the red zones, facilitating the design of effective interventions to enhance well operational safety. These results are used to define a comprehensive set of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), establishing benchmarks for risk exposure of workers within the red zones at the drilling sites.
The successful implementation of these initiatives underscores the commitment to safety within drilling operations with tangible improvements.
This paper not only contributes to enrich the current literature, but also lays a robust foundation for future in-depth analyses and possible implementations to well operational procedures and design. This is the initial step to further mitigate personnel risk exposure during well operation activities.
The Emergence of the Subsea BOP Digital Twin Using Process Safety Management & Big Data
Authors: Siegmund Mark , Meziou Amine , Meraz Jose 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The process safety approach to manage Subsea Blow Out Preventer (BOP) performance risks over a 5 year period has seen the successful emergence and application of cloud based Real Time Monitoring (RTM) underpinned by advanced Fault Tree Engineering and Digital Analytics. The performance data collected was used to prove physics-based models to estimate component residual life and to uncover incipient signals that can indicate the onset of failure whereas historically such failures remain hidden until suddenly failing catastrophically. Key functions to Annular Rams, Pipe Rams, and valves were modelled to determine overall integrity and even to predict near-term component failures.
All BOP Pressure and Function testing was digitally performed and measurably compared with previous results to determine areas for early degradation, but there remained gaps in BOP data collected between well programs on maintenance and testing activities; especially for the spare BOP if the rig had 2 BOP's.
A pilot exercise with an edge-based kiosk was deployed to the rig to allow the BOP Subsea team to integrate the touch screen device into their post maintenance tests on the BOP(s) and to digitally confirm the spare BOP's functional integrity. The summary of all digital data was incorporated in Condition-based Maintenance (CBM) reports and maintenance management programs, completing the realization of a Digital Twin for the Subsea BOP(s).
As the work progressed it became evident that the real time advanced digital analytics and dynamic modeling would also help to overcome human factors risks identified during initial process safety management assessments. The third-party RTM oversight facility was able to immediately discover procedural errors during tests and operations that historically weren't noticed, measurable, or accessible to the BOP team. The human factors risk improved even more with the onboard digital kiosk as the subsea BOP team could now perform digital testing using the same built-in logic and automation to confirm test processes and deliver test results without the historical human errors that can occur when crews are under time stress or performing under the burden of many simultaneous activities.
Beyond RTM: Rapid High-Frequency Wave Imaging Gathers Output up to Nyquist Frequency to Improve Imaging and Resolution of Complex Geology. A Case Study of Examples from OBC & Marine Datasets
Authors: Gubbala Elia , Deo Jagat , Kent Chris , Hvid Jens Martin 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
This paper presents the findings in implementation of one- way wave equation in slowness domain outputting the gathers up to Nyquist frequency, which ultimately can be used to generate high resolution seismic sections and gathers can be used for AVO studies. The implications of the methodology have been presented with various example datasets like marine, OBC and land 3D seismic in this paper.