bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia increases the risk of post-operative recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kawaguchi Yo , Hanaoka Jun , Ohshio Yasuhiko , Okamoto Keigo , Kaku Ryosuke , Hayashi Kazuki , Shiratori Takuya , Akazawa Akira 
Published: September 2021

Background
Sarcopenia is among the most prevalent and serious cancer-related symptom, and is strongly correlated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, it reportedly predicts poor prognosis after surgery in patients with lung cancer. However, it is unclear whether sarcopenia directly affects post-operative recurrence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether sarcopenia can be a risk indicator for post-operative recurrence, and whether it suppresses anti-tumor immunity, in a cohort of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed the data of 256 consecutive patients who underwent curative lobectomy and lymph node dissection for non-small cell lung cancer at our institution. The psoas muscle mass index was calculated as the total psoas muscle area at the third lumbar vertebral level/height2 (cm2/m2). Sarcopenia was defined by a psoas muscle mass index of under 5.03 cm2/m2 and 3.17 cm2/m2 in male and female patients, respectively. Post-operative prognosis and cumulative incidence of recurrence rates were calculated.

Results
The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates post-surgery were 59.5% and 38.6%, respectively, in patients with sarcopenia versus 81.1% and 72.1%, respectively, in patients without sarcopenia (p < 0.001). The 5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence rate in patients with sarcopenia was significantly higher than those without sarcopenia (49.9% versus 22.4%, respectively) in every pathological stage. Pathological stages II and III (hazard ratio, 3.36; p = 0.004), histological type (hazard ratio, 2.31; p = 0.025), and sarcopenia (hazard ratio, 2.52; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for post-operative recurrence according to multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Sarcopenia is a risk indicator for post-operative recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia follow-up and long COVID in primary care: A retrospective observational study in Madrid city
Authors: Ares-Blanco Sara , Pérez Álvarez Marta , Gefaell Larrondo Ileana , Muñoz Cristina , Aguilar Ruiz Vanesa , Castelo Jurado Marta , Guisado-Clavero Marina 
Published: September 2021

Background
Patients with COVID-19 are follow-up in primary care and long COVID is scarcely defined. The study aim was to describe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and cut-offs for defining long COVID in primary care follow-up patients.

Methods
A retrospective observational study in primary care in Madrid, Spain, was conducted. Data was collected during 6 months (April to September) in 2020, during COVID-19 first wave, from patients ≥ 18 years with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia diagnosed. Variables: sociodemographic, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms and complications, laboratory test and chest X-ray. Descriptive statistics were used, mean (standard deviation (SD)) and medians (interquartile range (IQR)) respectively. Differences were detected applying X2 test, Student’s T-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis depending on variable characteristics.

Results
155 patients presented pneumonia in day 7.8 from the onset (79.4% were hospitalized, median length of 7.0 days (IQR: 3.0, 13.0)). After discharge, the follow-up lasted 54.0 median days (IQR 42.0, 88.0) and 12.2 mean (SD 6.4) phone calls were registered per patient. The main symptoms and their duration were: cough (41.9%, 12 days), dyspnoea (31.0%, 15 days), asthenia (26.5%, 21 days). Different cut-off points were applied for long COVID and week 4 was considered the best milestone (28.3% of the sample still had symptoms after week 4) versus week 12 (8.3%). Patients who still had symptoms >4 weeks follow-up took place over 81.0 days (IQR: 50.5, 103.0), their symptoms were more prevalent and lasted longer than those ≤ 4 weeks: cough (63.6% 30 days), dyspnoea (54.6%, 46 days), and asthenia (56.8%, 29 days). Embolism was more frequent in patients who still had symptoms >4 weeks than those with symptoms ≤4 weeks (9.1% vs 1.8%, p value 0.034).

Conclusion
Most patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia recovered during the first 4 weeks from the beginning of the infection. The cut-off point to define long COVID, as persisting symptoms, should be between 4 to 12 weeks from the onset of the symptoms.
Quality assessment of selected co-trimoxazole suspension brands marketed in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Irungu Beatrice Njeri , Koech Lilian C. , Ondicho Joyce M. , Keter Lucia K. 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionQuality of medicines in both developed and developing countries is sometimes compromised due to infiltration of counterfeit, substandard or degraded medicines into the markets. It is a public health concern as poor quality medicines endanger public health where patients are exposed to chemical toxins and/or sub-therapeutic doses. This could lead to reduced treatment efficacy and promote development of drug resistance. Co-trimoxazole, a fixed dose combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, is a broad spectrum for bacterial diseases and is also used as a prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in HIV infected individuals. This study evaluated quality of selected co-trimoxazole suspension brands marketed in Nairobi County, Kenya.MethodsA total of 106 samples were collected, categorized into 15 brands and evaluated for active pharmaceutical ingredient content (API) and pH following United States Pharmacopeia. Assay for API was conducted using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results were compared with pharmacopeia references. Visual examination of labels and confirmation of retention status of the brands with Pharmacy and Poisons Board retention register was carried out.ResultsThe samples were primarily of local origin (86.7%). On October 23, 2019, retention status of six of the fifteen brands documented were no longer listed in the Pharmacy and Poisons Board retention register. Of the 106 samples tested 70.6% and 86.8% were compliant with United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications for pH and API respectively while 84.0% adhered to packaging and labelling requirements.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that majority of co-trimoxazole suspensions tested were compliant with USP requirements. Additionally, it has provided evidence of poor quality co-trimoxazole medicines that could compromise treatment of infectious diseases in children. This emphasizes the need for regular quality assurance tests to ensure only quality medicines are in the market.
Swept-source OCT reduces the risk of axial length measurement errors in eyes with cataract and epiretinal membranes
Authors: Faraldi Francesco , Lavia Carlo Alessandro , Nassisi Marco , Kilian Raphael A. , Bacherini Daniela , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: September 2021

Aims
To compare the biometric data from partial coherence interferometry (PCI) and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) in patients with age-related cataract and epiretinal membrane (ERM): ERM, ERM with foveoschisis and macular pseudohole.

Methods
49 eyes of 49 subjects including 36 ERM, 9 ERM foveoschisis and 4 macular pseudohole were analysed to evaluate the axial length (AL) measurements and the presence of AL measurement errors, defined basing on the shape of the biometric output graphs and on the concordance of AL values between instruments. Eyes with ERM were divided in four stages according to OCT features (i.e. presence/absence of the foveal pit, presence of ectopic inner foveal layers, disrupted retinal layers).

Results
The devices provided similar mean AL measurements in all subgroups, with differences <0.1 mm in 41/49 cases (83.6%). AL measurement errors were observed in ERM stages 3 and 4, characterized by ectopic inner foveal layers, and were significantly more frequent with the PCI (8/17, 47%) as compared with the SS-OCT device (2/17, 12%), p = 0.02. The refractive prediction error in cases with AL measurement errors was significantly greater using the PCI compared to the SS-OCT device (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Both devices provide reliable biometric data in the majority of patients and can be used in the preoperative assessment of patients with age-related cataract and ERM. In eyes with ectopic inner foveal layers, attention should be paid as AL measurement and refractive prediction errors may occur, more frequently with the PCI device.
Collective conceptualization of parental support of dual career athletes: The EMPATIA framework
Authors: Varga Kinga , MacDonncha Ciaran , Blondel Laurence , Bozzano Enrico , Burlot Fabrice , Costa Rute , Debois Nadine , Delon Dominique , Figueiredo Antonio , Foerster Joerg , Gjaka Masar , Gonçalves Carlos , Guidotti Flavia , Pesce Caterina , Pišl Andrej , Rheinisch Eoin , Rolo Ana , Rozman Sara , Ryan Gary , Templet Anne , Tessitore Antonio , Warrington Giles , Capranica Laura , Doupona Mojca 
Published: September 2021

Background
This study aimed to use a concept mapping methodology to develop a European framework of the needs of parents/guardians (P/G) for supporting athletes combining sport and education (dual career, DC).

Methods
By means of a concept mapping methodology, 337 French, Irish, Italian, Portuguese, and Slovenian parents sorted and rated 80 potential statements associated to parenting DC athletes.

Results
Five distinct clusters emerged: 1. P/G’ roles, needs and awareness to support athletes, including 22 statements (mean:3.7; range: 3.2–4.2 pt); 2. Requirements for effective planning of DC pathway, including 19 statements (mean:3.7; range: 3.2–4.5 pt); 3. Educational opportunity, including 13 statements (mean:3.5; range: 3.1–4.0 pt); 4. Policy and provision for DC, including 19 statements (mean:3.7; range: 3.1–4.2 pt); and 5. Athletes’ lifestyle & self-management, including 7 statements (mean:4.0; range: 3.5–4.5 pt). Estimates of effect size (Partial eta-squared) were calculated for ANOVAs to assess the degree of variability on the statement importance ranking as the dependent variable accounted for by the demographic data.
The concept mapping showed good validity (stress value: 0.11) and high reliability (rSHT: 0.99, rSHM: 0.98; rRR:0.98). One-third of the statements indicated differences (p<0.05) in relation to the P/Gs’ gender and the athletes’ education level, competition level and sport typology.

Conclusion
In synthesizing the opinions, experience and needs of P/Gs of DC athletes the present framework provided sound theoretical underpinnings to inform the development of an online educational programme for empowering parenting DC athletes (https://edu.empatiasport.eu/eng/), as well as be a foundation for future Pan-European DC research on how these statements interact with each other, in different European contexts.
Exploration of Bioactive Compounds Potency of Extract Namanereis sp. (Polychaeta: Annelida) as an Antibacterial Agent Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis , Sari Endah , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Nateewathana Anuwat 
Published: September 2021

Namanereis sp. belongs to class Polychaeta, a group of main benthic community in marine ecosystems. The purpose of this study to determine the potential of bioactive compounds from Namanereis sp. extract as an antibacterial agent and to determine its extract content through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Samples of Namaneries sp. were collected from Demak Waters, Central of Java. This research used experimental laboratory method. Samples were extracted with non-polar (N-Hexane), semi-polar (Ethyl acetate) and polar (Methanol) solutions. Different concentrations of extraction, i.e. 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 µg.disk-1. then were tested against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract content analysis was obtained using the GC-MS method. The results showed that Namanereis sp. extract had a potential as an antibacterial agent. The highest inhibition zone was seen in the fraction with ethyl acetate solvent at a concentration of 100%, namely 13±3.05 mm in E. coli and 14±3.04 mm in S. aureus, which then was analysed with GC-MS. Its results found 20 bioactive compounds in the extract. The five most dominant compounds determined by the highest peak were Dihydrojasmone (12.31%), Hexanoic acid (11.49%), Cholesterol (7.66%), Cyclohexanol (7.53%) and Isopropyl Palmitate (7.52%). The research concluded that Namanereis sp. possessed antibacterial potency and contained several bioactive compounds.
Aristotle’s New Clothes: Mechanistic Readings of the Master Teleologist
Authors: Berryman Sylvia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAristotle has traditionally been cast as the arch-enemy of all things mechanistic. Given the dichotomy long thought to exist between mechanistic and teleological schools of thought, there is a satisfying irony in discovering veins of apparently ‘mechanistic’ thought within the work of the definitive teleologist. Several waves of scholarship in the past century have argued, from different angles, for mechanistic interpretations of Aristotle’s natural philosophy. The present generation is no exception: in the last decade, Jean De Groot, Monte Johnson, and Tiberiu Popa have variously argued that a mechanistic vein can be found in Aristotle’s work, despite his undeniable teleological credentials. This paper explores the assumptions—some of them open to question—that accompany such advocacy. It will urge some terminological refinements, and turn a skeptical lens on some aspects of these projects. Nonetheless, it will stress that they open promising lines of inquiry, avoiding some of the limitations of earlier ventures into this territory.
Effect of microwave, infrared, and convection hot-air on drying kinetics and quality properties of okra pods
Authors: EL-Mesery Hany S. , Elabd Mona A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Okra pods were dried using the following drying regimes; microwave (MWD), infrared (IRD) and convective hot-air drying (CHD). The objective of this investigate was to report the influences of drying methods on okra quality under different drying conditions. Data analysis showed that rehydration ratio and colour change increased with increase in drying air temperature and air velocity while specific energy consumption and shrinkage ratio decreased with increase in drying air temperature under (CHD). The rehydration ratio and colour of dried okra increased with increase in both infrared intensity but it also increased with a decrease in air velocity under (IRD). In the MWD method, drying time, specific energy consumption and shrinkage ratio decreased with increases in microwave power while the rehydration ratio and colour increased. Optimum drying period, specific energy consumption, colour, shrinkage and rehydration ratio were obtained for microwave drying. The model of Midilli et al. is the greatest for describing the drying curves of okra under all the drying processing conditions.
Infinite-state graph transformation systems under adverse conditions
Authors: Özkan Okan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present an approach for modeling adverse conditions by graph transformation systems. To this end, we introduce joint graph transformation systems which involve a system, an interfering environment, and an automaton modeling their interaction. For joint graph transformation systems, we present notions of correctness under adverse conditions. Some instances of correctness are expressible in LTL (linear temporal logic), or in CTL (computation tree logic), respectively. In these cases, verification of joint graph transformation systems is reduced to temporal model checking. To handle infinite state spaces, we incorporate the concept of well-structuredness. We discuss ideas for the verification of joint graph transformation systems using results based on well-structuredness.
On the bias of adjusting for a non-differentially mismeasured discrete confounder
Authors: Peña Jose M. , Balgi Sourabh , Sjölander Arvid , Gabriel Erin E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Biological and epidemiological phenomena are often measured with error or imperfectly captured in data. When the true state of this imperfect measure is a confounder of an outcome exposure relationship of interest, it was previously widely believed that adjustment for the mismeasured observed variables provides a less biased estimate of the true average causal effect than not adjusting. However, this is not always the case and depends on both the nature of the measurement and confounding. We describe two sets of conditions under which adjusting for a non-deferentially mismeasured proxy comes closer to the unidentifiable true average causal effect than the unadjusted or crude estimate. The first set of conditions apply when the exposure is discrete or continuous and the confounder is ordinal, and the expectation of the outcome is monotonic in the confounder for both treatment levels contrasted. The second set of conditions apply when the exposure and the confounder are categorical (nominal). In all settings, the mismeasurement must be non-differential, as differential mismeasurement, particularly an unknown pattern, can cause unpredictable results.
Screening for hypophosphatasia: does biochemistry lead the way?
Authors: Held Corinna Melanie , Guebelin Anic , Krebs Andreas , Sass Jörn Oliver , Wurm Michael , Lausch Ekkehart , van der Werf-Grohmann Natascha , Schwab Karl Otfried 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with childhood hypophosphatasia (HPP) often have unspecific symptoms. It was our aim to identify patients with mild forms of HPP by laboratory data screening for decreased alkaline phosphatase (AP) within a pediatric population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective hospital-based data screening for AP activity below the following limits: Girls: ≤12 years: <125 U/L; >12 years: <50 U/L Boys: ≤14 years: <125 U/L; >14 years: <70 U/L. Screening positive patients with otherwise unexplained hypophosphatasemia were invited for further diagnostics: Re-test of AP activity, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) in hemolyzed whole blood, phosphoethanolamine (PEA) in serum and urine, and inorganic pyrophosphate in urine. Sequencing of the ALPL gene was performed in patients with clinical and/or laboratory abnormalities suspicious for HPP.

Results
We assessed a total of 14,913 samples of 6,731 patients and identified 393 screening-positive patients. The majority of patients were excluded due to known underlying diseases causing AP depression. Of the 30 patients who participated in the study, three had a decrease in AP activity in combination with an increase in PLP and PEA. A heterozygous ALPL mutation was detected in each of them: One patient with a short stature was diagnosed with childhood-HPP and started with enzyme replacement therapy. The remaining two are considered as mutation carriers without osseous manifestation of the disease.

Conclusions
A diagnostic algorithm based on decreased AP is able to identify patients with ALPL mutation after exclusion of the differential diagnoses of hypophosphatasemia and with additional evidence of increased AP substrates.
Early Neolithic Settlement Patterns in the Polish Lowlands – A Case Study of Selected Micro-Regions in Eastern Kuyavia
Authors: Pyzel Joanna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is the presentation of the settlement of the first farming communities of the Linear Pottery culture in the Polish lowlands. A case study of three neighboring micro-regions excavated on a large scale in eastern Kuyavia was conducted, which offered the possibility of analyzing various levels of the settlement. Based on the results obtained a local model of the LBK occupation in Kuyavia could be reconstructed. I argue that despite some regional variability a very general common settlement pattern existed for the whole LBK consisting of an iconic longhouse as the basic unit, the presence of micro-regional clusters of more or less contemporary sites, and the preference for regions with optimal environmental conditions. However, a detailed comparison within and between separate sites in the study area revealed some degree of variability inside this supposedly homogeneous pattern which can indicate the existence of different social units among small regional communities and their changes over time.
Denial and Fear: Psychological Analysis of Covid-19 Information in a Czech Fundamentalistic Catholic Journal
Authors: Moravec Pavel , Lacková Lucia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of the research was to analyze information about Covid-19 as it relates to religion in a fundamentalist Catholic periodical and to point out places in the articles that are not supported by scientific facts. We also examined whether the Covid-19 information found contained some coping strategies to deal with the pandemic situation. The object of the study was the Czech monthly Regina in the year 2020. Thematic analysis was used as a method. Two main themes were found – Trivialization and Combat between Good and Evil. At first, the disease was underestimated, from the September issue it was presented as a sign of the end times. The theme of Trivialization was divided into two subthemes: Exaggerated restrictions and Covid-19 is not the only problem of mankind. This theme was assigned to coping strategy Denial. The theme of Combat between Good and Evil was divided into three subthemes: Sign of the End Times, Evil’s quest to establish a new world order, and Vaccination breaks the relationship with God. This theme was assigned to a coping strategy Marking Religious Boundaries. The texts possessed much unfounded information stimulating fear and anxiety instead of active coping strategies to promote the reader’s hope of improving the epidemiological situation.