bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure, corrosion behavior and rust resistance of Ti and Ce added invar alloys
Authors: Liu Kailun , Chen Cuixin , He Jun , Liu Baoxi , Ma Bin , Xue Haitao , Yang Bingchen , Wang Shuo , Liu Hao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effects of Ti and Ce on the microstructure, corrosion behavior and rust resistance of invar alloys were investigated in detail. The precipitation phase which can be used as the core of heterogeneous nucleation can be formed by adding an appropriate amount of Ti and Ce, which promotes microstructure refinement and homogenization of the invar alloy. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of invar alloys with different Ti and Ce contents was studied. The results show that with the addition of alloying elements, the self-corrosion potential of the alloy becomes positive, and the self-corrosion current decreases, indicating that the addition of Ti and Ce is beneficial for improving the corrosion properties of the alloy. This is primarily because Ti and Ce combine easily with unfavorable elements to form precipitates, which reduces the factors affecting the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The invar alloy with superior corrosion resistance was selected for the dipping test. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the addition of Ti and Ce increased the amount of α-FeOOH and enhanced the protective effect of the antirust layer.
Pseudoboehmite or graphene oxide, what is the best additive for natural polymer pla—poly (l-lactic acid)?
Authors: Almeida F J M , Massi M , Miranda L F , Lima B L S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In cases of severe injuries or burns, skin grafts (scaffold) are often necessary skin substitutes. To not harm the patient or the donor, research is necessary to search for heterografts, that are formed by biomaterials and are also biodegradable and bioabsorbable to the human body, as is the case with poly (L-lactic acid) - PLA. However, the natural polymers placed on the skin suffer great degradation in media with large amounts of carbon and water, have little durability due to their low ductility. For the proposal, the graphene oxide (GO) nanocharge and pseudoboehmite (PB) were obtained. It is believed that the nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix can improve mechanical properties regarding ductility and tenacity, without losing thermal properties. Subsequently, the hybrid nanocharge dispersion methods were employed to obtain in the poly (L-Lactic Acid) (PLA) matrix, forming the material for the desired scaffold. For this research, injectable specimens of pure PLA, PLA structured with GO nanoparticles, and PLA structured with PB nanoparticles, were manufactured. The microstructural and mechanical characterizations were performed on the specimens, to compare the effect generated by the nanocharges on the bulk material. The results showed that the increase in the concentrations of PB and GO nanofillers showed an increase in tenacity and ductility compared to pure PLA, a property that is desired in the scaffold structure.
Mason Bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Exhibit No Avoidance of Imidacloprid-Treated Soils
Authors: Fortuin Christine Cairns , Gandhi Kamal J K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract1) Many wild bee species interact with soil either as a nesting substrate or material. These soil interactions create a risk of exposure to agrochemicals such as imidacloprid or other neonicotinoid pesticides that can persist in soil for months after application. At the landscape level, concentrations of imidacloprid residue in soil are limited to the immediate treatment area, and thus risks to soil-interacting bees could be low if they avoid contaminated soils. 2) We utilized Osmia lignaria (Say), a solitary cavity nesting bee which collects mud to partition and seal nests, and conducted two laboratory experiments to test whether nesting females select or avoid soils containing various levels of imidacloprid residue. For the first experiment, we assessed behavioral responses of females to treated soil utilizing a choice arena and pairing various choices of soil with imidacloprid residues ranging between 0 and 780 ppb. For the second experiment, we developed a laboratory assay to assess soil selection of actively nesting O. lignaria, by providing choices of contaminated soil between 0 and 100 ppb and 0 and 1,000 ppb to nesting females. 3) We found no evidence that O. lignaria females avoided any level of imidacloprid contamination, even at the highest residue level (1,000 ppb) in both the experiments, which may have implications for risk. The in situ nesting methodology developed in this study has future applications for research on soil or pollen preferences of cavity nesting Osmia species, and potential for breeding of O. lignaria in laboratory.
Unusual interventional treatment of spontaneous coronary artery dissection without stent implantation: a case series
Authors: Fujita Hiroshi , Yokoi Masashi , Ito Tsuyoshi , Nakayama Takafumi , Shintani Yasuhiro , Sugiura Tomonori , Seo Yoshihiro , Ohte Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a unique cause of myocardial infarction, and optimal treatment should be selected according to the ischaemic condition. Patients with ongoing ischaemia or haemodynamic instability may require revascularization. Cutting balloon (CB) angioplasty has been acknowledged as an option for revascularization. However, few observations of the coronary artery conditions after CB angioplasty in SCAD patients have been reported. Here, we demonstrate two cases in which we evaluated the angiographic morphology of targeted coronary arteries in the chronic phase after CB angioplasty.

Case summary
Patient 1 was a 46-year-old woman who presented at our hospital with chest pain. Electrocardiography suggested acute coronary syndrome and coronary angiography was performed. The coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examinations revealed SCAD in the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Revascularization with CB angioplasty was successful. Follow-up coronary angiography 15 months after the angioplasty showed no visible stenosis in the LAD. Accordingly, the patient no longer needed to antiplatelet therapy. Patient 2 was a 50-year-old woman who was transported to our hospital for ventricular tachycardia. Coronary angiography and IVUS revealed SCAD in the right coronary artery. Coronary flow was restored by CB angioplasty. Follow-up contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography 36 months after angioplasty showed a healed appearance. Thus, she was able to discontinue antiplatelet therapy.

Discussion
Cutting balloon angioplasty may be a possible method to treat SCAD.
The effect of the employment of experienced physicians in the Emergency Department on quality of care and equality—a quasi-experimental retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lindstroem Mette , Andersen Ove , Kallemose Thomas , Rasmussen Line Jee Hartmann , Rosthoej Susanne , Jervelund Signe Smith 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Increasing acute admissions in Emergency Departments (EDs) negatively affect quality of care, safety and flow. Thus, the Danish Health Authorities recommend the presence of experienced physicians in the ED. In 2016, consultant-led triage and continuous presence of consultants were introduced at a larger ED in Copenhagen, Denmark. This study investigated whether the employment of consultants in a Danish ED affected the quality of care for acutely admitted medical patients in terms of length of admission, readmission and mortality, as well as socioeconomic equality in quality of care delivery.

Methods
Admission data were collected during two 7-month periods, one prior to and one after the organizational intervention, with 9869 adult medical patients admitted for up to 48 h in the ED. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, level of education and employment status were applied.

Results
Following the employment of consultants, an overall 11% increase in index-admissions was observed, and 90% of patients were discharged by a consultant with a reduced mean length of admission by 1.4 h (95% CI: 1.0–1.9). No change was found in in-hospital mortality, readmission or mortality within 90 days after discharge. No change in distribution of quality indicators across patients’ socioeconomic status was found.

Conclusions
Consultants in the ED was found to reduce length of hospitalization without a negative effect on the quality of care for ED-admitted medical patients in general or patients with lower socioeconomic status.
Religious Discrimination, Diaspora, and United Nations Voting on Israel
Authors: Haykin Tatyana , Fox Jonathan , Mirilovic Nikola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether discrimination against religious minorities and diaspora politics influences United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) voting on Israel and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict between 1990 and 2014. We test discrimination against Jews, discrimination against Muslims, and general discrimination against all religious minorities in 183 countries. Our results indicate that repressive countries vote against Israel in the UNGA partly as a diversionary tactic seeking to divert attention from their own poor behavior. This is because discriminating against both Jews and Muslims, as well as religious discrimination in general, predict anti-Israel voting. We also find that countries with larger Jewish minorities are more likely to support Israel and countries with larger Muslim minorities are less likely to support Israel, although the latter effect is more conditional and most consistently pronounced in countries where discrimination against Muslims is low. This suggests that diaspora politics and transnational religious ties influence UNGA voting on Israel.
Muscle Volume and Intramuscular Fat of the Tongue Evaluated With MRI Predict Malnutrition in People Living With Dementia: A 5-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Borda Miguel G , Bani Hassan Ebrahim , Weon Jang Ho , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Tovar-Rios Diego A , Oppedal Ketil , Aarsland Dag , Duque Gustavo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Malnutrition is highly prevalent in older persons with dementia. Therefore, strong predictors of malnutrition in this population are crucial to initiating early interventions. This study evaluates the association between the probability of having malnutrition with the muscle volume and intramuscular fat (iMAT) of the masseter and the tongue in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of community-dwelling older persons diagnosed with mild dementia followed up for 5 years. This is a longitudinal study conducted in the western part of Norway. Muscle volume and iMAT of the tongue and masseter were computed from structural head MRI obtained from 65 participants of the Dementia Study of Western Norway using Slice-O-Matic software for segmentation. Malnutrition was assessed using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Index. Linear mixed models were conducted. Having malnutrition at baseline was associated with lower muscle volume (odds ratio [OR] 0.60, standard error [SE] 0.20; p = .010) and higher iMAT (OR 3.31, SE 0.46; p = .010) in the tongue. At 5 years follow-up, those with lower muscle volume (OR 0.55, SE 0.20; p = .002) and higher iMAT (OR 2.52, SE 0.40; p = .022) in the tongue had a higher probability of presenting malnutrition. The masseter iMAT and volume were not associated with malnutrition in any of the adjusted models. In people diagnosed with mild dementia, tongue muscle volume and iMAT were associated with baseline malnutrition and the probability of developing malnutrition in a 5-year trajectory. In the masseter, there were no significant associations after adjustments.
Rich and Balanced Experiences of Daily Emotions Are Associated With Activity Diversity Across Adulthood
Authors: Lee Soomi , Urban-Wojcik Emily J , Charles Susan T , Almeida David M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Studies demonstrate the association between diverse emotions and health. However, we know little about how these emotions are related to activities in daily life. This study examined whether the diversity of daily activities (“activity diversity”) is associated with the diversity of both positive and negative daily emotions (“emodiversity”) in adulthood. We also examined if these associations differed by age.

Method
2 separate samples of participants from the Midlife in the United States Study II (M2: 2004–2009, n = 2,012, Mage = 56 years) and Refresher (MR: 2012–2016, n = 779, Mage = 47 years) provided activity and emotion data for 8 consecutive days. Using Shannon’s entropy, we constructed activity diversity and emodiversity (positive, negative) scores. Analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics, total activity time, mean positive/negative emotions, and number of days with positive/negative emotion data.

Results
Greater activity diversity was associated with greater positive emodiversity and greater negative emodiversity in both samples. In the M2 sample, the association between activity diversity and positive emodiversity was stronger among relatively younger adults, such that the positive association among those aged 33–44 years was greater than that observed among those aged 68–84 years. Results held after adjusting for time spent in each of the activities or when using different emodiversity metrics (Gini or Simpson coefficients).

Discussion
Broad and even participation of daily activities may provide more opportunities to experience rich and balanced emotions. Findings suggest that the association between activity diversity and emodiversity exists across adulthood, underscoring the value of including information about daily activities when examining emotional experiences across the life span.
Transcriptional downregulation of FAM3C/ILEI in the Alzheimer’s brain
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Nakano Masaki , Mitsuishi Yachiyo , Hara Norikazu , Mano Tatsuo , Iwata Atsushi , Murayama Shigeo , Suzuki Toshiharu , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Nishimura Masaki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain triggers the pathogenic cascade for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. The secretory protein FAM3C (also named ILEI) is a candidate for an endogenous suppressor of Aβ production. In this study, we found that FAM3C expression was transcriptionally downregulated in the AD brain. To determine the transcriptional mechanism of the human FAM3C gene, we delineated the minimal 5′-flanking sequence required for basal promoter activity. From a database search for DNA-binding motifs, expression analysis using cultured cells, and promoter DNA-binding assays, we identified SP1 and EBF1 as candidate basal transcription factors for FAM3C, and found that SMAD1 was a putative inducible transcription factor and KLF6 was a transcription repressor for FAM3C. Genomic deletion of the basal promoter sequence from HEK293 and Neuro-2a cells markedly reduced endogenous expression of FAM3C and abrogated SP1- or EBF1-mediated induction of FAM3C. Nuclear protein extracts from AD brains contained lower levels of SP1 and EBF1 than did those from control brains, although the relative mRNA levels of these factors did not differ significantly between the groups. Additionally, the ability of nuclear SP1 and EBF1 in AD brains to bind with the basal promoter sequence-containing DNA probe was reduced compared with the binding ability of these factors in control brains. Thus, the transcriptional downregulation of FAM3C in the AD brain is attributable to the reduced nuclear levels and genomic DNA binding of SP1 and EBF1. An expressional decline in FAM3C may be a risk factor for Aβ accumulation and eventually AD development.
Active Learning and Interpersonal Skills Development among First-Generation College Students
Authors: Acevedo Emily , Lazar Alexandra J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Scholars have detailed the benefits of active learning, particularly the impact that simulations can have on promoting engagement and evaluative thinking. Scholars have discussed the positive effects of active learning on first-generation college students, but there is minimal research on how simulations contribute to developing interpersonal skills, especially among first-generation college students. Interpersonal skills, often referred to as soft skills, are challenging to quantify since they focus on how individuals relate and interact with others. These skills include oral and written communication, teamwork, confidence, and leadership skills. This article examines whether stimulations taught within an active learning environment contributed to developing interpersonal skills among first-generation college students. In a retrospective survey administered at a single campus, our findings suggest that active learning contributes to the building of cultural capital for first-generation college students and also contributes developing interpersonal skills for both first-generation and second-generation college students.
Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in paediatric patients with febrile neutropenia and augmented renal clearance: development of new dosing recommendations
Authors: Shimamoto Yuko , Verstegen Ruud H J , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Schechter Tal , Allen Upton , Ito Shinya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of augmented renal clearance (ARC) on vancomycin clearance and provide dosage recommendations for paediatric patients with febrile neutropenia following HSCT.MethodsA population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed based on a two-compartment model structure using a non-linear mixed-effect modelling approach. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted as a target attainment analysis of AUC between 400 mg·h/L and 650 mg·h/L for MRSA at an MIC of 1 mg/L.ResultsA total of 165 paediatric patients and 276 vancomycin serum concentrations were analysed in this study. Age, body weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and fever (≥38.0°C) were identified as factors that significantly influenced vancomycin clearance. The median eGFR of the population was 143 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 34% of patients showed an eGFR ≥160 mL/min/1.73 m2, which may be classified as ARC. Our simulations showed that current dosing recommendations result in poor target attainment. In particular, children aged 6 months old to 6 years old with ARC require an initial vancomycin dose up to 35%–65% higher than the current dosing guidelines.ConclusionsARC is frequently observed in paediatric patients with post-HSCT febrile neutropenia, resulting in a significant increase in vancomycin clearance. We propose a vancomycin dosing strategy for children with febrile neutropenia following HSCT based on eGFR, age, weight and body temperature.
The ecosystem of apps and software integrated with certified health information technology
Authors: Barker Wesley , Johnson Christian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
This study: 1) characterized the app market by EHR app gallery and type of app; 2) tracked changes in the EHR app galleries from the end of 2019 through 2020; and 3) examined how apps connect to EHR data systems, and if the apps support the HL7 FHIR standard.

Materials and Methods
We developed a program that gathered data from the public app galleries hosted by Allscripts, athenahealth, Cerner Corporation, Epic Systems Corporation, and SMART. Data collection for this study began in December 2019 and ended December 2020. The program was run 11 times during this period, and the data collected were used to generate the findings and trends observed in this study.

Results
The total number of unique apps increased from 600 to 734 during the study period. The most common types of apps marketed were intended for administrative (42%) and clinical use (38%). About 1 in 5 apps (22%) described support for the FHIR standard. Support for FHIR varied by intended functionality and gallery.

Discussion
This study provides early insights into the number of third-party apps that are connecting to EHRs, what services they provide, and if these connections use standards-based application programming interfaces (APIs).

Conclusion
It is a federal government priority to improve the access and use of electronic health information, including third-party apps that can introduce competition as well as best-of-breed functions and user experiences. This study shows that there is room for growth, and variation exists among some of the largest EHR developers.
Five-year pediatric use of a digital wearable fitness device: lessons from a pilot case study
Authors: Butte Kimayani D , Bahmani Amir , Butte Atul J , Li Xiao , Snyder Michael P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Wearable fitness devices are increasingly being used by the general population, with many new applications being proposed for healthy adults as well as for adults with chronic diseases. Fewer, if any, studies of these devices have been conducted in healthy adolescents and teenagers, especially over a long period of time. The goal of this work was to document the successes and challenges involved in 5 years of a wearable fitness device use in a pediatric case study.

Materials and methods
Comparison of 5 years of step counts and minutes asleep from a teenaged girl and her father.

Results
At 60 months, this may be the longest reported pediatric study involving a wearable fitness device, and the first simultaneously involving a parent and a child. We find step counts to be significantly higher for both the adult and teen on school/work days, along with less sleep. The teen walked significantly less towards the end of the 5-year study. Surprisingly, many of the adult’s and teen’s sleeping and step counts were correlated, possibly due to coordinated behaviors.

Discussion
We end with several recommendations for pediatricians and device manufacturers, including the need for constant adjustments of stride length and calorie counts as teens are growing.

Conclusion
With periodic adjustments for growth, this pilot study shows these devices can be used for more accurate and consistent measurements in adolescents and teenagers over longer periods of time, to potentially promote healthy behaviors.
Identification of N-linked Glycoproteins in Silkworm Serum Using Con A Lectin Affinity Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dong Zhaoming , Ye Lin , Zhang Yan , Chen Zhiyong , Li Benchi , Zhang Tao , Zhao Ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications to occur during protein biosynthesis, but remains poorly understood in insects. In this study, we collected serum proteins from two silkworm developmental stages, namely day 7 of the fifth instar larval stage and day 2 of the pupal stage. Results of SDS–PAGE and periodic acid-Schiff staining revealed that most serum proteins with high abundance were putative glycoproteins. LC-MS/MS identified 149 larval and 303 pupal serum proteins in the Con A lectin-enriched fractions. GO analysis revealed that many serum proteins were involved in the proteolysis and carbohydrate metabolic process. 82 N-linked glycoproteins with at least one glycosylation site were identified. N-Linked glycosylation occurred at the sequon, Asn-X-Ser/Thr, and the proportions of Ser and Thr glycosylation at the hydroxy position were found 39.6% and 60.3%, respectively. The N-glycan structures found in serum glycoproteins were mainly Man2FucGlcNAc2 (67.9%). Since storage protein 1 and transferrin had a relatively high abundance in the serum and could be significantly enriched by Con A lectin, their glycosylation was analyzed in detail. Glycoside hydrases, serine proteases and serpins were found to form three interacting glycoprotein networks using the website STRING. This study provides important clues for the understanding of the function of N-linked glycosylation in metabolism, immunity, and metamorphosis.