bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Detection using Machine Learning and Deep Learning
Authors: Zainudin Z. , Hasan S. , Shamsuddin S.M. , Argawal S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Stress is a normal phenomenon in today's world, and it causes people to respond to a variety of factors, resulting in physiological and behavioural changes. If we keep stress in our minds for too long, it will have an effect on our bodies. Many health conditions associated with stress can be avoided if stress is detected sooner. When a person is stressed, a pattern can be detected using various bio-signals such as thermal, electrical, impedance, acoustic, optical, and so on, and stress levels can be identified using these bio-signals. This paper uses a dataset that was obtained using an Internet of Things (IOT) sensor, which led to the collection of information about a real-life situation involving a person's mental health. To obtain a pattern for stress detection, data from sensors such as the Galvanic Skin Response Sensor (GSR) and the Electrocardiogram (ECG) were collected. The dataset will then be categorised using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Deep Learning algorithms (DL). Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score are used to assess the data's performance. Finally, Decision Tree (DT) had the best performance where DT have accuracy 95%, precision 96%, recall 96% and F1-score 96% among all machine learning classifiers.
Real-Time Scheme for Covert Communication Based VoIP
Authors: Shahadi Haider Ismael , Kod Muayad S. , Qasem Baneen , Farhan Hameed R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Covert communication is an important necessity for governments and companies due to the ease of eavesdropping and access to information. A private channel with robust encryption can provide the required protection for the communications. However, a public channel is cheaper and less restrictive (from any place and any communication devices) than private channels. This paper proposes a real-time covert communication scheme by creating a secret speech channel in a public speech channel based on audio steganography. The scheme compresses the secret speech using a very fast and simple process based on lifting wavelet transform. Also, the cover speech is compressed by G.711 encoder at synchronous time periods with respect to the secret speech to meet the networks of voice over internet protocol (VoIP). Subsequently, the secret data hides in a compressed cover speech data in real-time. The embedding procedure employs the only high strength data for embedding to maintain the quality of the cover data after embedding at greater than 40 dB in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR). The secret data is retrieved 100% without error in case of a lossless channel.
Classification of Heart Disease using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Tick Voon Khai , Meeng Ng Yung , Mohammad Nur Farahiyah , Harun Nor Hazlyna , Alquran Hiam , Mohsin Mohamad Farhan Mohamad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Heart disease refers to any unavoidable condition that affects a person's heart. With so much electronic health data available nowadays, computer machines have entered the area to aid in diagnosis using machine learning (ML) methodologies. This study focuses on classification of heart disease that includes or does not include heart attacks and employs an artificial neural network (ANN) namely Multi-layered Perceptron (MLP) trained by Back-propagation (BP) to classify the data. By going through layers of functions, ANN can identify the trends of the data then form a model. This study uses sigmoid activation functions and runs in 1000 numbers of epochs. Different values of learning rate and neuron numbers were tested and yielded with the best result. The findings recorded high accuracy of 80.66% with 0.25 learning rate and 25 neurons. It is learned that ANN can be used for classifying heart disease cases.
Analysis of Satellite Images Utilisation for Oil Palm Plantation Monitoring
Authors: Hong Hoe Jia , Shukor S.A.A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Commodity trees need to be managed well to ensure good produce. Most plantations are using the traditional way for monitoring which is time and energy consuming, further, highly in cost. Oil palm is one of the most common agriculture crops planted in South East Asia especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. The tree is mainly grown for the use of vegetable oil production and other products such as plastics, detergent and biodiesel. Thus, proper plantation monitoring is important to ensure the productivity and quality of the palm oil product. This study aims to investigate all types of satellite remote sensing imagery that have been applied in oil palm plantation. Satellite imagery is preferred as users able to obtain detailed, high-resolution information with wide coverage area. Discussions on the suitability of various sources in satellite imagery like panchromatic, multispectral and hyperspectral images are highlighted. It is suggested that these images can be further utilised for more potential and detail oil palm plantation application as well as other agricultural areas to achieve efficient monitoring.
RFID Tag Data Encryption Using Triple DES and RSA Algorithms
Authors: Lim Gian Carlo L. , Arada Gerald P. , Abad Alexander C. , Magsino Elmer R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the future full shift to cashless and contactless toll fee collection in the Philippines, installation of radio frequency identification (RFID) readers at toll plazas and tags on all vehicles is the most practicable solution. The Department of Transportation recently implemented this initiative to help minimize the transmission of COVID-19. RFID tags in the forms of stickers contains the motorist’s account number which if hacked can be used to access other important details about the owner. With the weak security of these tags, possible instances that information from RFID tags could be accessed. Information derived from these can be easily retrieved if the attacker has access to the tags' data. The worst thing is that public access to the database that contains essential information concerning the holder's account. In this paper, the authors aim to provide more information about tag ID’s encryption that is limited to RFID usage in the Philippine expressways. An algorithm devised by the authors well secures the information contained in the RFID tags.
Correlation Analysis of Emotional EEG In Alpha, Beta and Gamma Frequency Bands
Authors: Choong W Y , Khairunizam W , Mustafa W A , Murugappan M , Hamid A , Bong S Z , Yuvaraj R , Omar M I , Junoh A K , Ali Hasimah , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is aimed at finding the correlation between EEG channels from six induced emotions in normal subjects. The multichannel EEG data was measured by Pearson’s correlation coefficient to investigate the linear relationship between channel pairs in alpha, beta and gamma EEG frequency sub-bands. The EEG data were collected from 12 healthy subjects, with six induced emotions by audio-visual stimuli, which were anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. The 14-channel wireless Emotiv Epoc was used for data collection. The results show that the EEG channels in alpha band was relatively higher correlation than in beta and gamma bands. The highest correlation for all emotions in alpha band were the channel pairs in right frontal region, FC6-F4 and F4-AF4. In beta and gamma bands, the highest correlation pairs involved the right frontal, occipital and parietal regions, which were FC6-F4 and O2-P8.
Microstepping synchronization via hybridization of Mamdani’s Fuzzy Logic for the plasmonic tracker
Authors: Abdullah M.R. , Harun N.H. , Raof Rafikha Aliana A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A plasmonic tracker had been developed for a plasmonic energy detection. It serves to determine resonance angle and refractive index of a dielectric material. A microstepping is required for scanning the reflected beam at a high resolution. Therefore, a precise control is crucial to align the photodiode parallel to the reflected laser beam at smallest angle displacement in a single rotation. The objective are to: 1- Synchronize two bipolar stepper motors for annular / rotational stage via the microstepping, 2- Determine the delay interval with Mamdani’s FIS and 3-Evaluate the Fuzzy Logic Controller in the MATLAB Simulink interface. Hybridization of Mamdani’s Fuzzy Logic was applied to determine appropriate delay interval for the Plasmonic Tracker. Two input variables and one output variable respectively were defined as Error, Change Error and Delay. Time delays interval were varied from 0.1s to 1s for synchronizing different microstepping resolution. The annular / rotary stages cater 8000 / 3200 microsteps at 0.045° / 0.1125° at a single rotation. Both stages cater a 7.5 ms per cycle for 360° span of angular interrogation within 60 second. Therefore, step sizes is matched with gear ratio of 2.5 with respective pulse for rotary stage / annular stage were 1 ms and 2 ms / 3 ms per cycle. MATLAB results was compared to centroid calculation and Simulink results The Fuzzy logic had demonstrates an efficient control, instant response and outstanding conversion based on the expert rule-based system.
A Novel Design of Robotic hand Based on Bird Claw Model
Authors: Nabi Fizza Ghulam , Sundaraj Kenneth , Vijean Vikneswaran , Shafiq Muhammad , Planiappan Rajkumar , Talib Irsa , Rehman Hakeem Ur 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Robots are the best replacement of man power in every field of life because they can work with a better efficiency under hard environments. Recently, plenty of work has been carried out on mimicking the human hand motion. However, most of the designers emphasized on designing new actuating system with less degree of freedom or reduce number of actuators along with enhanced performance. Bird claw motion is a natural example with simpler design and has many advantages over human hand such as less number of joints, easy structure and better grip. In this manuscript we propose a robot model which is based on a pigeon’s claw and a hardware structure is implemented to verify that the proposed model contain almost half joints than a human hand and hence offers much lower cost along with easier management. Furthermore, smaller size of the palm also facilitates in handling small items. We have presented software and hardware model of a pigeon’s claw in support of the argument.
Effect of alternating shielding gases in gas metal arc welding of SA515 Gr 70 carbon steel
Authors: Mariappan M , Parthasarathi N L , Ravindran R , Lenin K , Raja A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The influence of alternating shielding gas on fusion characteristics and weld metal characteristics was examined using a solid wire electrode on SA515Gr 70 carbon steel (ER70S). To improve the efficiency of the traditional GMAW process, two shielding gases of Argon and CO2 were supplied independently to the GMAW torch using a gas alternator unit with a predetermined frequency to the weld area. The weld quality was found to be improved by the periodic variation of the arc. The weld pool dynamics got refined by the enhanced thermo physical properties driven by the alternating shielding gases. Based on the results of the bead on plate welding trial, optimal welding conditions were chosen to construct a single V groove butt-joint weld to characterize its strength and toughness. The alternating shielding gases delivered excellent outcomes in terms of weld bead geometry and mechanical properties in this investigation.
Polypyrrole@polyaniline-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite support material and Cobalt for the enhanced electrocatalytic activity of nickel phosphide microsphere towards alkaline urea oxidation
Authors: Lera Israel Leka , Khasnabis Sutripto , Wangatia Lodrick Makokha , Femi Olu Emmanuel , Ramamurthy Praveen C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Efficient and low-cost materials are highly demanded to improve the sluggish kinetics and stability of direct urea fuel cells for large-scale commercialization. In this study, modification of conventional nickel phoaphide (NiP) by cobalt doping via the facile solvothermal method and simultaneously dispersing prepared cobalt nickel phosphide (CoNiP) on poly (aniline-co-pyrrole)/reduced graphene oxide (PPy@PANI/rGO) as efficient and low-cost support material via simple ultrasonic/heat mediated dispersion process. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and an x-ray diffractometer. Furthermore, Cyclic Voltammetry tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of synthesized catalysis towards alkaline urea oxidation. The physical characterization depicts the successful formation of NiP and Co-doped NiP microsphere with a particle size of 4.306 μm and 2.04 μm, respectively. In addition, homogeneous distribution of the CoNiP microsphere in the structure of PPy@PANI/rGO support material was achieved. Based on the CV test, the superior electrocatalytic performance of CoNiP@PPy@PANI/rGO electrode material with a potential of 0.414V versus SCE to drive a high current density of 26.92 mAcm−2, lower onset potential of 0.204 V versus SCE, and higher electrochemically active surface area of 2.08 × 10–1 cm2mg−1 were achieved. Furthermore, the electrochemical activities, kinetics, and stability of CoNiP@PPy@PANI/rGO remarkably outperformed the commercial NiP and CoNiP towards alkaline urea electro-oxidation. Therefore, a novel material, CoNiP@PPy@PANI/rGO, is an excellent candidate for anode electrode material in direct urea fuel cells.
A-140 Computer Based Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions for Visual Attention Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Westphal Alia , Bailie Jason , Caswell Melissa , Lopez Juan , Basham Angela , Babakhanyan Ida 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Service members with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) frequently report problems paying attention. In combat and training settings, visual attention is critical given the demand to warfighter performance. Many computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs exist, however the impact of their effectiveness on improving visual attention is unknown.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial consisted of 22 active-duty service members with a history of mTBI. Participants were randomized to Lumosity (N = 8) which focused on multiple cognitive domains or UCR which has a specific focus on visual attention (N = 14). Cognitive assessment was completed at baseline and following treatment. The Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) Driving Scenes subtest was used as the primary assessment of visual attention. All participants passed a validity measure pre and post assessment.

Results
A one-way ANOVA revealed that performance on NAB Driving Scenes improved for all participants after treatment (F = 4.18, p = 0.046); however, when computer program type was analyzed there was no interaction (F = 0.32, p = 0.860). Participants who completed the UCR intervention improved from M = 41.64, SD = 11.58 to M = 46.79, SD = 14.52, Cohen’s d = 0.43. For the Lumosity condition, there was a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.46) from baseline (M = 38.63, SD = 14.33) to post treatment (M = 44.75, SD = 9.47)

Conclusions
The results indicated that both programs proved effective at improving visual attention symptoms. These findings provide support for the use of computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs as a form of intervention for mTBI.
A-163 Utility of the 7/24 Spatial Recall Test in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Bolden Lauren , Willment Kim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
To examine the utility of the 7/24 Spatial Recall Test (7/24) in the assessment of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients who have not undergone surgical resection. We hypothesized that patients with right TLE (RTLE) would perform significantly worse on the 7/24 than patients with left TLE (LTLE), but better on measures of verbal memory and naming.

Participants and Methods
Twenty-one patients with RTLE and 17 patients with LTLE were identified from a larger dataset of 152 epilepsy patients who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Exclusion criteria included: 1) Extratemporal, bitemporal, or unclear seizure onset, 2) Post-surgical evaluations, and 3) Co-morbid neurodegenerative or neurological conditions. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RVLT) and Boston Naming Test (BNT) and were selected as outcome measures of verbal memory and naming, respectively.

Results
Independent samples t-tests revealed that patients with RTLE performed significantly worse on the 7/24 delayed recall than LTLE patients (p = 0.026), but there were no significant differences between groups in their 7/24 immediate recall across trials (p = 0.118). As predicted, patients with LTLE performed significantly worse than RTLE patients on the BNT (p = 0.005), however no significant differences were found between groups on the RVLT total learning, short delay, or long delay.

Conclusions
These findings support the use of the 7/24 for assessing nonverbal memory in patients with TLE, and more specifically, suggest that the 7/24 may be a sensitive measure for detecting lateralized dysfunction of the right temporal lobe in TLE patients.
A-20 Frailty Is Associated with Decreased Social–Emotional Functioning in People with HIV: A National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery Study
Authors: Sun-Suslow Ni , Watson C Wei-Ming , Iudicello Jennifer , Heaton Robert K , Morgan Erin E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
People with HIV (PWH) are more likely to experience problematic emotions and are at increased risk for frailty. In the general population, frailty is broadly associated with worse social–emotional functioning. However, the extent of this dysfunction has largely been isolated to depression and these relationships have yet to be examined among PWH. Thus, this study examined associations between frailty and summary factor scores developed from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Emotion Battery (NIH-TB-EB) among PWH.

Method
Participants were 320 PWH (mean age = 52.3, SD = 12.7). Three previously validated composite scores from the NIH-TB-EB were used to assess social–emotional functioning: negative affect, social satisfaction, and psychological well-being. Using the Fried Phenotype, the sample was dichotomized into non-frail (n = 155) and prefrail/frail (n = 165) groups. Multiple regression was used to examine the association between frailty and social–emotional functioning. Covariates included age, estimated duration of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART) status, and antidepressant medication count.

Results
Being prefrail/frail was associated with increased negative affect (B = 0.26, p &lt; 0.001), decreased social satisfaction (B = -0.18, p = 0.002), and decreased psychological well-being (B = -0.25, p &lt; 0.001). Increased age was associated with decreased negative affect (B = -0.17, p = 0.002), and was unrelated to social satisfaction and psychological well-being. Estimated duration of infection, ART status, and antidepressant use were not associated with social–emotional functioning.

Conclusions
Pre-frail/frail PWH have worse social–emotional functioning, above and beyond age, duration of HIV disease, ART status, and antidepressant use. This suggests both frailty and poor social–emotional functioning may be important targets to screen and treat in order to improve prognosis and quality of life for PWH.
A-50 Representation and Generalizability in Neuropsychologically-Focused Multiple Sclerosis Research: Who Are we Studying and Who Does it Apply to?
Authors: Román Cristina A F , Pillemer Sarah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
MS impacts individuals from diverse racial/ethnic groups, yet they are not always well represented in research. The objectives of the current study are to examine how often neuropsychologically-focused MS research (NFMSR) studies: (1) include diverse populations; (2) explicitly describe the race/ethnicity of their participants; and (3) discuss generalizability/cultural implications.

Methods
A sample of NFMSR studies (defined here as studies examining cognitive functioning, mood, neuroimaging, fatigue, and quality of life) published within major journals between 2017–2020 were identified. Articles focusing on clinically isolated syndrome or pediatric populations were excluded. Variables of interest included sample size, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, age, education, socioeconomic status (SES), generalizability/cultural limitations, discussion of racism/disparities, and recruitment procedures. Data were coded and analyzed in IBM’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; version 27).

Results
Race/ethnicity was not often reported in NFMSR studies, and when described, the representation of diverse individuals with MS was low (i.e., samples were mostly Caucasian). In addition, specific information about recruitment methods and SES was lacking. Generalizability/cultural implications or disparities were not discussed in the majority of studies. Report of education was variable, while sex, age, disease course, and EDSS were more often reported.

Conclusions
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to highlight the significant gaps in representation in NFMSR. These results have significant implications for how we should be using the current literature to characterize patients or guide treatments. In addition, the current study serves as a call to action for MS researchers to work toward more inclusive and generalizable studies.
A-59 Psychosis and Coma in COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Kotlarz Parker , Nabulsi Yasmine B , Cahill Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this case is to spotlight the potential neurological andneuropsychiatric symptoms associated with COVID-19.

Method
A 55-year-old African American male with a history of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obesity, tobacco use, and hypertension voluntarily presented to the local hospital with auditoryhallucinations and delusions. During an inpatient stay, the patient developed symptomsconsistent with COVID-19 and subsequently tested positive for the virus. Thirty-nine days after the initial positive COVID-19 test result, he remained in a coma with retained brainstem responses. An EEG demonstrated encephalopathy and MRI showed multiple, well-circumscribed white matter lesions consistent with acute demyelination (Figure 1). After three days of high-dose steroids and over a month in a coma, the patient began following simple commands. Unfortunately, on hospital day 66, the patient developed sudden hypotension and worsening respiratory status.

Results
While psychotic episodes in relation to COVID-19 are not widely reported, psychotic episodes are shown in three COVID-19 cases. Other reports have found significant changes in consciousness in COVID-19 patients with delayed awakening from a comatose state. Pre-existing inflammatory responses in those with psychiatric disease may be accelerated by the immune response due to COVID-19.

Conclusion
Mental status changes in those with psychiatric illness who have COVID-19 are worth exploring. It is unclear whether a history of COVID-19 may accelerate a neuropsychiatric process or other central nervous system diseases. Future research may want to examine the possible interrelationship between pre-existing neurological vulnerabilities and COVID-19. The possibility of high-dose steroid treatment for COVID-19 neuroinflammatory complications should be considered.