bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extract of Beluntas (Pluchea indica) as an Antibacterial Towards Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Causes of Dental Carries
Authors: Nurrohman Endrik , Pantiwati Yuni , Susetyarini Eko , Umami Erika Khoirul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the antibacterial activity of various concentrations of beluntas leaf extract by examining the inhibition zone’s diameter of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 bacteria. This type of research is experimental. The research was conducted at the Chemical Engineering Laboratory of State Polytechnic of Malang and the Biology Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The study was conducted from October to December 2020. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The standard of turbidity of bacterial isolates used Mcferland 108. Research design was Posttest-Only Control Design. Data analysis used one-way ANOVA and Duncan's continued test of 5%. The results showed that there was an effect of giving various concentrations of beluntas leaf extract on the inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The results of Duncan's analysis showed that the concentration of 25% had the most significant effect compared to other treatments and was significantly different from other treatments but rather far from the positive control treatment result. The findings of this study is the content of active compounds in beluntas leaves have an effect as antibacterial towards Streptococcus mutans, also, at a concentration of 5% with minimum inhibitory concentration (khm).
Optimasi Sterilisasi Endosperma Kepel (Stelecthocarpus burahol [Bl] Hook F. & Th) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Handayani Etty , Irsyadi Muhammad Burhanuddin , Aris Irfan , Alawiyah Riffa Leshia Muhvi Nur , Ayuningtias Nandini , Permatasari Fany , Rineksane Innaka Ageng 
Published: November 2021

Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol [Bl] Hook F. & Th.) merupakan buah asli Indonesia berbiji banyak dengan ukuran yang besar. Bagian buah yang dapat dikonsumsi hanya 49% dengan bagian lain berupa biji. Perbanyakan kepel secara konvensional masih sulit dilakukan dengan hasil yang rendah. Kultur endosperma secara in vitro adalah metode perbanyakan yang tepat untuk memperoleh tanaman triploid dengan buah tanpa biji. Sterilisasi merupakan tahap awal yang menjadi kunci keberhasilan kultur in vitro. Hingga kini belum dilaporkan metode sterilisasi endosperma kepel secara in vitro yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh metode sterilisasi eksplan yang tepat untuk kultur endosperma kepel. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2018 – Januari 2019 di Laboratorium Kultur In Vitro, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan perlakuan berbagai konsentrasi bahan sterilan yang terbagi 8 aras: H2O2 (3%10’, 3%15’, 5%10’, 5%15’) NaOCl (5%5’, 5%10’, 10%5’, 10%10’) dengan 3 kali ulangan dan 3 sempel. Parameter yang diamati yaitu: persentase kontaminasi, browning, hidup, vitrifikasi, jenis kontaminasi, waktu kontaminasi dan waktu browning. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa perlakuan NaOCl 10% selama 10 menit merupakan metode sterilisasi paling tepat dengan presentase ekplan hidup 44,44%, persentase eksplan vitrifikasi 66,66%, serta tidak terjadi kontaminasi dan browning
Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu (Rhopalocera: Papilionoidea dan Hesperioidea) di Kawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Sigogor Kecamatan Ngebel, Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Zulaikha Siti , Bahri Saiful 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman jenis kupu-kupu memang telah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia terutama di wilayah Jawa Timur, namun belum mancangkupi seluruh daerah khususnya pada kawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Sigogor, Kecamatan Ngebel, Kabupaten Ponorogo yang merupakan kawasan konservasi. Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis kupu-kupu. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian disesuaikan dengan perbedaan komposisi vegetasi, habitat, posisi aliran air dan kemudahan akses. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu Visual Encounter Survey dan dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Shannon-Wiener. Jumlah spesies yang didapat sebanyak 45 spesies dari 5 famili 321 individu dengan nilai H’ = 2.42 sehingga dapat mendeskripsikan kualitas lingkungan pada kawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Sigogor
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN THINK PAIR SQUARE SHARE BERBANTUAN LEMBAR PESAN BERMAKNA
Authors: Navianto Andi 
Published: November 2021

Peneliti sering menemukan siswa yang bingung memulai langkah awal dalam memecahkan masalah. Siswa kurang mampu menggunakan informasi yang tersedia dan pengetahuan yang telah dipelajari sebagai dasar menyelesaikan masalah. Selain itu, upaya siswa memecahkan masalah melalui diskusi dan menjalin komunikasi dengan siswa lain masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan upaya meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah menggunakan Lembar Pesan Bermakna dalam pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Square Share pada siswa kelas IX-A SMP Negeri 3 Pule tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 siswa. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dua pertemuan. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah lembar aktivitas siswa dan hasil tes. Tahap-tahap penelitian ini terdiri perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Penggunaan Lembar Pesan Bermakna di dalam pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Square Share (TPSS) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah pada siswa kelas IX-A SMP Negeri 3 Pule tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan hasil aktivitas dan tes siswa. Hasil aktivitas siswa mengalami peningkatan dari kategori Cukup pada siklus I menjadi kategori Baik pada siklus II. Hasil tes siswa menunjukkan peningkatan ketuntasan kelas dari 17% pada siklus I menjadi 87% pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata 79.
Healthy Sleep Associated With Lower Risk of Hypertension Regardless of Genetic Risk: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Li Zhi-Hao , Huang Qing-Mei , Gao Xiang , Chung Vincent C. H. , Zhang Pei-Dong , Shen Dong , Zhang Xi-Ru , Zhong Wen-Fang , Liu Dan , Chen Pei-Liang , Chen Qing , Cai Miao-Chun , Cheng Xin , Yang Hai-Lian , Song Wei-Qi , Wu Xian-Bo , Kraus Virginia Byers , Mao Chen 
Published: November 2021

Background: Hypertension is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease and to mortality. The combined effects of sleep factors on the risk of hypertension are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of combined sleep factors on the risk of hypertension and to explore whether this association is independent of genetic risk.Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study included 170,378 participants from the UK Biobank study. We conducted a healthy sleep score based on a combination of major five sleep factors and a genetic risk score based on 118 risk variants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 170,378 participants were included. Compared to participants with a healthy sleep score of 0–1, those with healthy sleep scores of 2 (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.98), 3 (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75–0.88), 4 (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68–0.81), or 5 (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59–0.77) had increasingly lower risks of hypertension (P for trend &lt;0.001). Participants with high genetic risk and an unfavorable sleep pattern had a 1.80-fold greater risk of hypertension than participants with low genetic risk and a favorable sleep pattern. The association between sleep patterns and hypertension persisted in subgroup analysis, stratified by the genetic risk. Nearly 18.2% of hypertension events in this cohort could be attributed to unfavorable sleep pattern.Conclusions: Favorable sleep pattern was associated with a low risk of hypertension, regardless of genetic risk. These findings highlight the potential of sleep interventions to reduce risk of hypertension across entire populations.
Self-Care Experiences of Empty-Nest Elderly Living With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study From China
Authors: Lv Xiaoyan , Yu Doris S. F. , Cao Yingjuan , Xia Jinghua 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe number of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases among empty-nest elderly increases with increasing aging in China. Self-care plays an important role in preventing and reducing adverse outcomes of diabetes; however, few studies focus on self-care experiences of empty-nest elderly with T2DM.ObjectiveTo explore self-care experiences for a chronic disease among empty-nest elderly patients with T2DM in mainland China.MethodsA descriptive phenomenological design was used in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for 15 empty-nesters with T2DM. Interviews were implemented in department of endocrinology at a tertiary teaching hospital located in Shandong province, east of China.ResultsThe participants were poorly adept with monitoring their blood glucose and lacked the ability to deal with abnormal blood glucose levels. Most participants had a good relationship with medication and physical activity. Living without children was perceived as a benefit that improved dietary management and is a disadvantage in terms of economic and emotional support and access to medical resources. Elderly empty-nesters also lacked knowledge about diabetes and paid little attention to potential complications.ConclusionEmpty-nest elderly patients with T2DM value medication compliance and lifestyle modification more than blood glucose monitoring, complication prevention, and coping with negative emotions. Friends and spouses play indispensable roles in patients’ self-care motivation and maintenance. Diabetes education on self-care, access to medical resources, and social support is needed for better diabetes management.
Ankle-Brachial Index Is Independently Associated With Cardiovascular Outcomes and Foot Ulcers in Asian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yang Ming-Chi , Huang Yu-Yao , Hsieh Sheng-Hwu , Sun Jui-Hung , Wang Chih-Ching , Lin Chia-Hung 
Published: November 2021

Background and AimsThe ankle-brachial index (ABI) is an efficient tool for objectively documenting the presence of lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The predictive factors of cardiovascular events and diabetic foot ulcer were not clear from the ABI examination in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsWe enrolled 482 patients with type 2 DM who regularly visited the outpatient department of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and received ABI as well as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) examinations from 2010 to 2017. Age, gender, PAD symptoms, comorbidities, family history of chronic diseases, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise), height, weight, waist circumference, monofilament testing and foot ulcer status were studied.ResultsThere were 104 (22%) patients (mean age, 67.8 years) with the ABI &lt;1.0. These patients with low ABI (ABI&lt;1.0) had a significantly older age (p=0.001), higher delta PWV (p&lt;0.001), higher rates of stroke (p=0.007), myocardial infarction (p=0.016), and foot ulcer (p=0.039). In a multivariable analysis model, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for myocardial infarction, stroke, and foot ulcers associated with low ABI were 1.219 (0.397-3.743, p=0.729), 1.204 (0.556-2.610, p=0.638), and 2.712 (1.199-6.133, p=0.017), respectively. The patients with low PWV (PWV&lt;1400 cm/s) were significantly younger (p&lt;0.001) and had a lower rate of hypertension (p&lt;0.001), and higher percentages of stroke (p=0.027) and dialysis (p=0.041) family history.ConclusionsLow ABI was associated with cardiovascular events and diabetic foot ulcer independently in patients with type 2 DM.
The Risk of Nephropathy, Retinopathy, and Leg Amputation in Patients With Diabetes and Hypertension: A Nationwide, Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yen Fu-Shun , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Shih Ying-Hsiu , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Hwu Chii-Min 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo compare the risks of chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), sight-threatening retinopathy, and leg amputation between patients with diabetes or hypertension.MethodsFrom January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015, we identified 28943 matched pairs of patients with diabetes with and without subsequent hypertension, 89102 pairs of patients with hypertension with and without subsequent diabetes, and 145294 pairs of patients with coexisting diabetes and hypertension with a previous history of diabetes or hypertension from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Cox proportional-hazard models were used for calculating the risks of CKD, sight-threatening retinopathy, and leg amputation.ResultsThe mean follow-up time of this study in different cohorts was between 3.59 and 4.28 years. In diabetes patients with vs. without subsequent hypertension, hypertension patients with vs. without subsequent diabetes, and comorbid diabetes and hypertension patients with previous diabetes vs. with previous hypertension, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for CKD were 2.77 (2.61-2.94), 1.73 (1.68-1.77), and 1.04 (1.02-1.07); for ESRD were 42.38 (22.62-79.4), 2.76 (2.43-3.13), and 0.72 (0.66-0.79); for sight-threatening retinopathy were 2.07 (1.85-2.3), 3.41 (3.14-3.71), and for leg amputation were 1.51 (1.43-1.58); and 4.74 (3.02-7.43), 6.27(4.72-8.31), and 1.19(1.03-1.38).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that both diabetes and hypertension are risk factors for the development of CKD, retinopathy, and amputation. Tracing subsequent diabetes for patients with hypertension, and hypertension for patients with diabetes are important in clinical settings.
An Epigenetic Aging Clock for Cattle Using Portable Sequencing Technology
Authors: Hayes Ben J. , Nguyen Loan T. , Forutan Mehrnush , Engle Bailey N. , Lamb Harrison J. , Copley James P. , Randhawa Imtiaz A. S. , Ross Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2021

Extensively grazed cattle are often mustered only once a year. Therefore, birthdates are typically unknown or inaccurate. Birthdates would be useful for deriving important traits (growth rate; calving interval), breed registrations, and making management decisions. Epigenetic clocks use methylation of DNA to predict an individual’s age. An epigenetic clock for cattle could provide a solution to the challenges of industry birthdate recording. Here we derived the first epigenetic clock for tropically adapted cattle using portable sequencing devices from tail hair, a tissue which is widely used in industry for genotyping. Cattle (n= 66) with ages ranging from 0.35 to 15.7 years were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION and methylation was called at CpG sites across the genome. Sites were then filtered and used to calculate a covariance relationship matrix based on methylation state. Best linear unbiased prediction was used with 10-fold cross validation to predict age. A second methylation relationship matrix was also calculated that contained sites associated with genes used in the dog and human epigenetic clocks. The correlation between predicted age and actual age was 0.71 for all sites and 0.60 for dog and human gene epigenetic clock sites. The mean absolute deviation was 1.4 years for animals aged less than 3 years of age, and 1.5 years for animals aged 3–10 years. This is the first reported epigenetic clock using industry relevant samples in cattle.
Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid Reduces T Cell Immune Activation: Potential Implications for HIV Prevention
Authors: Lajoie Julie , Kowatsch Monika M. , Mwangi Lucy W. , Boily-Larouche Geneviève , Oyugi Julius , Chen Yufei , Kimani Makobu , Ho Emmanuel A. , Kimani Joshua , Fowke Keith R. 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAcetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a well-known and safe anti-inflammatory. At low-dose, it is prescribed to prevent secondary cardiovascular events in those with pre-existing conditions and to prevent preeclampsia. Little is known about how low-dose ASA affects the immune response. In this study, we followed women to assess how ASA use modifies T cells immune phenotypes in the blood and at the genital tract.MethodsHIV uninfected women from Kenya were enrolled in this study and followed for one month to assess baseline responses including systemic/mucosal baseline immune activation. Participants then received 81mg of ASA daily for 6 weeks to assess changes to T cell immune activation (systemic and mucosal) relative to baseline levels.ResultsThe concentration of ASA measured in the blood was 58% higher than the level measured at the female genital tract. In the blood, the level of ASA was inversely correlated with the following: the proportion of Th17 expressing HLA-DR (p=0.04), the proportion of effector CD4+ T cells expressing CCR5 (p=0.03) and the proportion of CD8+Tc17 expressing CCR5 (p=0.04). At the genital tract, ASA use correlated with a decreased of activated CD4+T cells [CD4+CCR5+CD161+ (p=0.02) and CD4+CCR5+CD95+ (p=0.001)].ConclusionThis study shows that ASA use impacts the immune response in both the systemic and genital tract compartments. This could have major implications for the prevention of infectious diseases such as HIV, in which the virus targets activated T cells to establish an infection. This could inform guidelines on ASA use in women.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02079077.
Effects of Different Plastic Mulching Film on Soil Hydrothermal Status and Water Utilization by Spring Maize in Northwest China
Authors: Liu Ruhua , Wang Zhenhua , Ye Hanchun , Li Wenhao , Zong Rui , Tian Xulang 
Published: November 2021

The problem of residual film pollution in farmland caused by polyethylene mulching films is serious. The application effects of different mulching films combined with drip irrigation on maize planting in the Ili area, Xinjiang, China, were explored. In this study, four types of mulching films and non-mulching treatment were used to study the degradation properties of different plastic mulching and their effects on the dynamic changes of soil moisture, heat, and crop yields of maize under drip irrigation. The results showed that after 160 days of mulching film, only small cracks appeared in polyethylene mulching films. The degradation performance of white oxo-biodegradable film treatment was optimal than the black oxo-biodegradable film treatment. The quality loss rate of the two biodegradable films were 52.26 and 48.48%, respectively. Various mulching film treatments could increase soil moisture in the early stage of maize growth. At the 0–60 cm soil layer, the soil moisture under the white oxo-biodegradable mulching film and black oxo-biodegradable mulching film treatments were lower by 2.75 and 2.66% (p &lt; 0.05) than the white polyethylene mulching film and black polyethylene mulching film treatments. The soil water consumption was highest in the non-mulching treatment, followed by biodegradable film, and the small least value was observed in the polyethylene film treatment. The average soil temperature at depth of 0–15 cm in white polyethylene mulching film, black polyethylene mulching film, white oxo-biodegradable mulching film, and black oxo-biodegradable mulching film treatments were 1.43, 1.16, 0.72 and 0.64°C higher than the non-mulching treatment, respectively. Mulching films treatment played a critical role in increasing production and improving water use efficiency. The black polyethylene mulching film treatment had the highest yield and the best water use efficiency. The black oxo-biodegradable mulching film treatment only reduces the yield by 0.33% compared to the black polyethylene mulching film treatment, and the water use efficiency was only reduced by 0.90% (p &gt; 0.05). Comprehensive analysis showed that black oxo-biodegradable mulching film could be used as a substitute for polyethylene mulching film and can be applied to the production practice of drip irrigation maize in the Ili area.
Stabilization of Ribosomal RNA of the Small Subunit by Spermidine in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Belinite Margarita , Khusainov Iskander , Soufari Heddy , Marzi Stefano , Romby Pascale , Yusupov Marat , Hashem Yaser 
Published: November 2021

Cryo-electron microscopy is now used as a method of choice in structural biology for studying protein synthesis, a process mediated by the ribosome machinery. In order to achieve high-resolution structures using this approach, one needs to obtain homogeneous and stable samples, which requires optimization of ribosome purification in a species-dependent manner. This is especially critical for the bacterial small ribosomal subunit that tends to be unstable in the absence of ligands. Here, we report a protocol for purification of stable 30 S from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and its cryo-EM structures: in presence of spermidine at a resolution ranging between 3.4 and 3.6 Å and in its absence at 5.3 Å. Using biochemical characterization and cryo-EM, we demonstrate the importance of spermidine for stabilization of the 30 S via preserving favorable conformation of the helix 44.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Mind-Body Exercise in Parkinson’s Disease: A Mixed-Treatment Comparison Analysis
Authors: Wu Chunxiao , Xu Yingshan , Guo Hongji , Tang Chunzhi , Chen Dongfeng , Zhu Meiling 
Published: November 2021

Background/Objectives: Aerobic exercise and mind-body exercise, are vital for improving motor and non-motor functional performance of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, evidence-based recommendations on which type of exercise is most suitable for each individual are still lacking. Therefore, we conduct a network meta-analysis to assess the relative efficacy of aerobic and mind-body exercise on motor function and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and to determine which of these therapies are the most suitable.Design: A network meta-analysis and dose-response analysis.Setting and Participants: Medline, Embase (all via Ovid), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were comprehensively searched for related trials through April 2021.Measurements: Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The effect sizes of continuous outcomes were calculated using mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs). A network meta-analysis with a frequentist approach was conducted to estimate the efficacy and probability rankings of the therapies. The dose-response relationship was determined based on metaregression and SUCRA.Results: Fifty-two trials with 1971 patients evaluating six different therapies were identified. For the UPDRS-motor score and TUG score, yoga all ranked highest (SUCRA = 92.8%, 92.6%, respectively). The SUCRA indicated that walking may best improve the BBS score (SUCRA = 90.2%). Depression, cognitive and activities of daily living scores were significantly improved by yoga (SUCRA: 86.3, 95.1, and 79.5%, respectively). In the dose-response analysis, 60-min sessions, two times a week might be the most suitable dose of yoga for reducing the UPDRS-motor score of PD patients.Conclusion: Yoga and walking are important options for increasing functional mobility and balance function, and yoga might be particularly effective for decreasing depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment and improving activities of daily living in PD. The potential optimal dose of yoga for enhancing motor ability in PD patients is 60-min sessions, two times a week.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42021224823.