bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land cover changes and spatial planning alignment in Ciamis Regency and its proliferated regions
Authors: Pravitasari A E , Yudja F P , Mulya S P , Stanny Y A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ciamis Regency experienced regional proliferation and land cover change dynamics. Information on existing and predicted land cover is needed to ensure alignment with spatial planning (RTRW). This study aims to: (1) analyze land cover change in Ciamis and its proliferated regions (2000-2018); (2) examine land cover prediction in 2031; and (3) analyze the alignment between land cover (2018) and predicted land cover (2031) with RTRW. Spatial analysis and Land Change Modeler were employed using ArcGIS and Idrisi Selva software. The alignment between land cover and RTRW was identified by a logic matrix based on land rent in 2031 with RTRW of Ciamis Regency, Banjar City, and Pangandaran Regency. The results showed that dry land dominated the 173,949 ha land cover in 2000 and increased to 183,231 ha in 2018. During 2000-2018, there was a decreasing trend in rice fields. The predicted land cover (2031) based on BAU and RTRW scenario shows that rice fields tend to decrease, while the built-up area has a significant increase. The alignment of RTRW with land cover (2018) is 97%, whereas its alignment with predicted land cover (2031) is 96% (BAU) and 93% (RTRW). The results are beneficial for land management and controlling land conversion.
Energy Recovery and Waste Reduction Analysis of a Full-scale Anaerobic Digestion Food Waste Plant in Shandong
Authors: Li Wenqing , Liu Jun , Yang Junwei , Li Zhenmin , Zhang Junchu , Zhang Jishi , Zang Lihua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Methane (CH4) generation via anaerobic digestion is a promising technology for energy recovery and waste reduction. In this study, the techno-economic analysis of a CH4 production from food waste (FW) was carried out. An anaerobic digestion FW plant was capable of treating 100 t/d, which was authorized to operate for 17 years. The pretreatment and anaerobic digestion processes were used to produce CH4 and recovery crude oil. The total investment and annual operational costs of FW treatment plant were 42,786,030 and 2413380 RMB, respectively, while the annual pre-tax annual incomes was 6941293.6 RMB. The return on investment and payback period were 7.79% and 12.84 years, respectively. The daily treatment quantity of FW is 21t, the treatment plant starts to make profits. The assessment results indicated that FW treatment was a comprehensive engineering system, which was strongly associated with society, economy, environment and technology.
Analysis for the Hierarchical and Distributed Coordination Control Method of Integrated Energy Systems
Authors: Xu Wei , Zheng Tao , Teng Xianliang , Xiao Xubing , Cao Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Energy, as one of the important material foundations of economic development, has an immeasurable impact on the development of the national economy. However, it can be seen from the current situation of energy distribution in my country that there are problems such as unreasonable distribution and energy shortages. The above problems have severely restricted the development of my country’s economy. In view of this, it is necessary to analyze the integrated energy system and analyze the corresponding coordinated control method according to the advantages and disadvantages of the equipment.
Study on Gas Emission Characteristics in Lower Stress-relief Coal Seam for Improving Mining Safety of Extremely-close Upper Seam: Implementation of Coupled Permeability Model
Authors: Han Feilin , Zheng Chunshan , Xue Sheng , Jiang Bingyou , Han Baiqing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In two extremely close coal seams, when the upper coal seam being first mined, large amount of gas normally emits into the mining area from lower stress-relief seam. This is a significant safety issue which may lead to gas-related incidents. In this paper, a coupled permeability model was developed. Then COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation was conducted to study multi-factor coupling gas emission flow characteristics. Furthermore, effects of coal stress, gas pressure and initial coal permeability on gas pressure change in lower stress-relief coal seam was analysed. The numerical model established is based on a real case of Ji15 coal seam and Ji16-17 coal seam in Pingdingshan No. 8 coalmine, China. Results show that after upper seam (Ji15 coal seam) being mined, the closer to bottom of working face, the lower the gas pressure because of increasing gas emission performance. As the distance from floor of working face increases, gas pressure becomes closer to its original value. Meanwhile, due to gas emission, gas pressure drop in lower stress-relief coal seam (Ji16-17 coal seam) is symmetrical from the middle of mining face to two ends. Along the parallel direction of mining face, gas pressure curve is approximately in “W”-shape, with gas pressure at both ends tends to be original. From two working face ends to the middle, gas pressure first decreases before increasing, with a maximum decrease of 9.36%. Furthermore, coal stress, gas pressure and initial coal permeability are all positively correlated with gas pressure decrease. Significance of initial coal permeability’s effect is higher than the other two factors. Above results could provide references on drainage borehole design for related scholars and on-site engineers, which is of significance for improving mining safety.
Study on the Wet Oxidation of a Kind of Pharmaceutical Wastewater with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Gan Xiaoming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The wet oxidation of a kind of pharmaceutical wastewater with hydrogen peroxide, i.e. H2O2, was studied in this paper. In this study, H2O2 was utilized as an oxidant. The effects of reaction conditions were investigated, including theinitial concentration of the pharmaceutical, the reaction temperature and reaction time, and the additional amount of H2O2. The highest Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal rate among the performed experiments in this study, approximately 89.6%, was obtainedat 240 °C for 60 min with the additional amount of H2O2solution 2 mL. These results illustrated that the wet oxidation process using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant was effectively for the degradation ofthis kind of pharmaceutical wastewater.
The Effect of Extracellular Polyphosphate in the Process of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR): from the Perspective of Transformations of Extracellular Polyphosphate and Intracellular Energy-storing Substances
Authors: Tang Ran , Long Xiangyu , Tao Guangjian , Wang Tao , Wang Jiayue , Xiao Xiao , Zhou Haiwei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The distributions and cycle changes of orthophosphate (ortho-P), polyphosphate (poly-P), glycogen and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in the 2 reactors fed with acetate at 20°C or 35°C were investigated to understand the effect of extracellular polyphosphate (poly-P) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process. The specific anaerobic-uptake acetate rate in the 20°C EBPR reactor was about 2.24 times that in the 35°C non-EBPR reactor. The anaerobic-hydrolysis and the aerobic-synthesis amounts of intracellular glycogen in the former were only half those in the latter, with the comparable corresponding-transformation amounts of intracellular PHAs between the 2 reactors. The anaerobic-hydrolysis / aerobic-synthesis of extracellular poly-P and the anaerobic-release / aerobic-uptake of intracellular ortho-P occurred in the 20°C EBPR sludge, corresponding to the lower transformation level of intracellular glycogen and the higher anaerobic-uptake rate of acetate. A hypothesis that the anaerobic-hydrolysis of extracellular poly-P could accelerate the acetate migration though anion-exchange was proposed. In addition, phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) was the microbial population basis for the existence and transformation of extracellular poly-P.
Effect of Injection Pressure on CO2 Huff-n-Puff in Low-Permeability Sandstone Cores Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Wang Deyu , Ju Yingjun , Feng Songlin , Chen Shidong , Wei Wen , Ma Jingyang , Zhang Tong , Zhao Jinsheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In order to figure out the micro-scale recovery degree of different pore sizes, the T2 spectrum of low-permeability sandstone cores before and after CO2 huff-n-puff is obtained using NMR technique. The results show that the micro-scale recovery degree increases with increase of pore sizes. Oil in macropores and medium pores is more easily produced, and Oil in micropores is difficult to recover at 7-12MPa. The total recovery degree of three cores increases with the increase of injection pressure. This study is expected to be significant for understanding the mechanisms of CO2 huff-n-puff for enhancing oil recovery in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.
A Case Study on Urban Ventilation Assessment with Local Climate Zone (LCZ) Parameters
Authors: Zhang Yunwei , Zhang Xiaoqian , Xu Wen , Jiao Binbin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The local climate zone (LCZ) partitions are widely used in urban climate investigations. Parameters characterizing LCZ types could be used in investigations about urban heat island (UHI) intensity and air ventilation modelling and assessment. In the current work, modelling methods of UHI intensity and wind environment are investigated based on the LCZ parameters. A drag source term with a porous media model of the urban canopy layer was proposed to simulate the urban scale wind environment with the CFD method. Vertical and horizontal airflow in the urban canopy layer was analysed. The upward and downward wind was found in the urban canopy model influenced by the variations of building height and density. On the other hand, the heat balance models could also be conducted on LCZ. Results showed the potential capabilities in urban wind assessment. A summary of models and the requirement on LCZ parameters were proposed.
Gaussian Mixture Model Based Soil Classification Using Multiple Cone Penetration Tests
Authors: Bouayad Djamila , Baroth Julien , Dano Christophe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study presents an application of the Gaussian mixture (GM) method for soil classification using multiple cone penetration tests (CPT). Compared to the hard clustering methods, the GM model classifies the CPT data by representing the probability density function of observed variables as a mixture of multivariate normal distributions. A GM model based expectation maximization (EM) algorithm with Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for selecting the optimal number of clusters is developed using six real CPT data performed at Dunkerque site in the north of France. The classification results are compared with the classical CPT based interpretation using the non normalized soil behavior type (SBT) index together with the Robertson chart. The results show that the GM model is able to identify accurately the soil layers. In addition, the combination of all CPTs, rather than considering them separately, may improve the soil layers identification because all the site information is considered.
Research on Transmission Line Icing Tower Broken Fault Probability Calculation Model
Authors: Guo Jun , Jian Zhou , Feng Tao , Cai Zelin , Xu Xunjian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Icing in winter is an important disaster that affects the normal operation of transmission lines. Among them, icing is easy to lead to tower collapse and disconnection. Due to long recovery time, great economic loss and social impact, it poses an important threat to the stable operation and reliable power supply of power grid. At present, the research on ice covered tower breaking fault of transmission lines mainly focuses on the finite element simulation analysis and calculation or exponential function fitting calculation. Due to the complexity of the mechanism of transmission line icing tower breakage, the current physical mechanism research conclusion cannot explain the occurrence of icing tower breakage. The existing analysis methods cannot accurately describe the characteristics of transmission line icing tower broken fault probability. Therefore, this paper proposes a probability calculation model based on probability distribution statistics, which can quantitatively calculate the failure probability of transmission line icing tower breakage. It has important theoretical significance and practical application value to provide scientific basis for transmission line to deal with icing disaster in advance.
Step Coordination Control Strategy Based on WAMS for AC/DC Hybrid System
Authors: Kong Xiangyu , Wang Ning , Guo Qi , Zhu Yihua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The power system’s stability is judged through the processing and analysis of wide-area information, and matching and executing the corresponding control measures based on data can be used as an effective backup and supplement to the security and stability control devices. This paper proposes an online additional emergency control strategy based on energy function for the situation that the security and stability control strategy formulated offline may have mode mismatch. This strategy relies on the energy function index that describes the unstable situation of the power system. Based on the real-time data from SCADA and PMU, it combines the energy function method and the trajectory prediction to achieve the function of additional control of the power grid in an emergency. The cases are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate that the step coordination control strategy could be realized, and the practicality is improved.
Analysis of Flexibility Demand with Regional Power Grid
Authors: Tang Ningning , Niu Yuguang , Zhang Guangming , Wang Kun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Improving the flexibility of regional power grid is an important means to solve the problem of energy abandonment. Quantitative calculation of flexibility demand is the premise of unit transformation and optimal allocation of flexible resources. This study analyzed the definition of flexibility demand, and established the model of flexibility demand. In this paper, random variables are introduced to describe the flexibility demand, and the sequence operation theory is used to solve the model. A case study is given to verify the proposed method. The results prove that the proposed method can calculate the probability distribution of flexibility demand in the planning year without detail information of units. It can provide a reference for the capacity transformation of units and the optimal allocation of flexible resources.
Study on Risk Analysis and Structural Safety Performance of Material Ropeway Construction of Transmission Line
Authors: Liu Zhongshu , Chen Libin , Qin Jian , Liu Chen , Xue Qiannan , Peng Fei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Material ropeway transport runs through the whole construction process of transmission line. It is operated frequently with long working period and its structural components are easy to produce fatigue, wear, deformation and other defects. The result is to form safety risks and cause personal and property losses, which is the focus of construction safety. This paper first summarizes the common construction safety risk factors of material ropeway and analyzes the causes of the risk points. Then, safety assessment method of material ropeway of transmission line is proposed. The method considers with the coupling dynamic factor of working ropes and running car and the states of carrying rope, pulling rope, trestle, saddle, anchor underground, etc. is analysed in whole process of transportation. The safety evaluation method is suitable for different topographic conditions and structural types of material ropeway, which provides technical means for the construction check and evaluation of material ropeway.
A Multi-dimensional Analysis Method for the Tripping Risk of Lightning Winding Across the Transmission Line
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Wenhui , Pan Jianguo , He Yuqin , Tang Yiqin , Zeng Chengshi , Tang Jiajie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Trip to cope with the lightning strike caused around power grid, this paper proposed a transmission line based on the mechanism of lightning strike around all lightning strike tripping around risk analysis method. This method needed to detour lightning tripping thunderstorms and risk analysis of transmission lines tower size, proportion of topography, altitude, insulation configuration data were collected, calculated in turn hit distance, distance and exposure correction of line pressure level and single-base tower above factors lightning strike risk. Based on the calculation model, the lightning wind characteristics under different tower shout height, lightning day and terrain were studied to identify the weak links along the line. Select the composition condition calculation of typical tower lightning strike tripping around risk, based on the same area across the terrain and tower usage of extract weight coefficient calculation all lightning strike tripping around risk, through the typical combination of the weighted average of all lightning strike tripping around risk was analyzed. Through the example analysis, verified the feasibility of this method to improve the reliability of transmission lines.
Modelling and Experimental Study on Electrically Heating Garment to Enhance Personal Thermal Comfort
Authors: Huang Qingjun , Xing Guanying , Yang Fan , Shu Weicheng , Ma Jinlong , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectrically heating garment (EHG) is an effective protection for human in cold environment. In this study, we analysed the principal agents of heat transfer in EHG, and established a theoretical model including heat conduction, natural convection and radiation. To verify the model, the numerical simulations and experiments were compared, and showed a temperature discrepancy smaller than 0.3°C, which was acceptable in engineering design. Using numerical simulation, it is convenient to optimize the design parameters of EHG in different thermal conditions. For instance, to maintain the average temperature of skin within 32-34°C when people are in low metabolic activities, the power of heating elements should range from 73.1-110.7 W/m2under high heating gear or 10.8-48.5 W/m2under low heating gear. The more importance is that the calculation allows easy predesign of EHG. The effect of the arrangements of heating elements was studied, herein, the results of six arrangement patterns were presented. It is found that the most effective arrangement can raise the average temperature of skin under heating elements about 0.4-1.2°C than other cases.
A Novel Transmission Line Fault Location Method Based on Time Frequency Correlation
Authors: Sun Yi , Sun Jie , Quan Xiaofeng , Liu Yang , Ji Fangming , Guo Ningming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The fault location method based on the transient traveling wave has been widely used in power grid. The location accuracy and reliability of traveling wave fault location may get affected by some factors including: length error of transmission line, timing error, secondary signal cable in substation. The paper proposes a novel fault location method based on the time-frequency correlation of the fault data collected from two ends of transmission line. It takes advantage of the symmetry and similarity of reflected waves at both ends while the resonance and the reflected waves of adjacent lines are not correlated with each other. Through time-frequency correlation analysis at both ends, the influence of interference and resonance is suppressed, reliability of reflected wave identification and fault location, as well as accuracy of fault location are improved. Effectiveness of the method is verified by simulation and field data.
Numerical Study on the Bearing Properties of Multi-airbag Inflatable Bolt in Soft Soil
Authors: Peng Wenxiang , Wang Mingming , Chen Yifan , Chen Zhenghao , Hu Hesong , Lin Hang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In response to the limited execution space underground in soft soil area, and the disadvantages of weak bearing capacity, overlength anchorage body, non-recyclability, and low economic benefits of the conventional bolt, the related numerical simulation research was carried out on the multi-airbag inflatable bolt in this paper. Primarily, the research history of the multi-airbag inflatable bolt was briefly introduced, and the problems of this bolt existing in the current engineering application were analyzed. Subsequently, based on the numerical software MIDAS/GTS, the pull-out tests of the multi-airbag inflatable bolt in soft soil were simulated. By means of successively changing the airbag diameter, airbag length, airbag interval, airbag burial depth and airbag number, the corresponding bearing properties of the bolt were obtained, and the bearing capacity and ultimate displacement of bolt with different airbag parameters combinations were determined, which provides certain guidance for further field tests and verifies its applicability and social value in underground project in soft soil area.
Sequential Fault Detection and Classification in Chemical Process Using a Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Wang Qiao , Luo Lin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a high-level spatiotemporal feature extraction based on deep convolutional bidirectional encoder-decoder representation network with gated recurrent unit (GRU) cell for dynamic fault diagnosis. Although traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have a major issue with extracting the spatial dependencies, temporal convolutional operation is designed to extract the local features which provide insight into different types of faults. The system dynamics are further extracted with the context by the bidirectional encoder-decoder network, which distils the representations from future time steps. Moreover, GRU cell in both encoder and decoder deploys a more compact structure than a usual RNNs network due to the reduction of gates. The resulting deep network is not only generalizing the importance of temporal feature, but it also allows the interpretable feature representation and classification simultaneously. Detailed comparative case study on the benchmark Tennessee Eastman process demonstrates that the proposed method is competitive with the classical long-short term memory (LSTM) network for the fault detection and diagnosis.
Problems of People’s Evacuation Modelling
Authors: Parfyonenko A , Kurbatova J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the field of the study of the human flows traffic, there are programs appear whose developers don’t have the knowledge required about fire safety and the parameters of the human flows traffic. Algorithms embedded in software and computer systems give inadequate results, which reduces the indicator of people’s safety in buildings and structures. This work describes the features of using individual-flow evacuation modeling of people in buildings and structures when changing the width of the aperture of door. The main parameters of the human flow, characteristic of individual-flow modeling, are also considered. The survey of software and computer systems used in risks estimation of buildings and structures. The results of people’s evacuation modeling in software and computer systems are analyzed. An assessment of the correctness of the results was made, a conclusion was drawn on the adequacy and possibility of using these software and computer systems in calculating the time of evacuation of people in buildings and structures.