bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does interviewer gender influence a mother’s response to household surveys about maternal and child health in traditional settings? A qualitative study in Bihar, India
Authors: Vollmer Nancy , Singh Mansha , Harshe Navika , Valadez Joseph J. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Two probability surveys, conducted in the same districts of Bihar, India (Aurangabad and Gopalganj) at approximately the same time in 2016 using identical questionnaires and similar survey methods, produced significantly different responses for 37.2% (58/156) of the indicator comparisons. Interviewers for one survey were men while for the other they were women. Respondents were mothers of children aged 0–59 months living in a traditional rural setting. We examined the influence of interviewer gender on mothers’ survey responses and their implications for interpreting survey results.

Methods
We used qualitative methods including 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 33 in-depth interviews (IDIs) in the same locations as the 2016 surveys. FGD participants were purposefully selected mothers with children 0–59 months, husbands and other in-law family members. IDIs were carried out with frontline health-workers, enumerators and supervisors from the two previous household surveys.

Results
Findings revealed a preference for female interviewers for household surveys in study districts as they facilitated access to mothers and reduced their discomfort as survey participants. However, this gender preference was related to the survey question. Regardless of age, caste and educational level, most mothers were not permitted to communicate with men (aside from husbands) about female-specific health topics, including birth preparedness, delivery, menstrual cycles, contraception, breastfeeding, sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted disease, and domestic violence. Mothers in higher castes perceived these social restrictions more acutely than mothers in lower castes. There was no systematic direction of the resulting error. Mothers were willing to discuss child health issues with interviewers of either gender.

Conclusions
Interviewer gender is an important consideration when designing survey protocols for maternal and reproductive health studies and when selecting and training enumerators. Female interviewers are optimal for traditional settings in Bihar as they are more likely to obtain accurate data on sensitive topics and reduce the potential for non-sampling error due to their reduced social distance with maternal respondents.
Quantitative assessment of the jawbone quality classification: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Shemtov-Yona Keren 
Published: June 2021

Aim
Bone quality is evaluated using bone density for qualitative classification, a characteristic that may be delicate to evaluate. Contemporary implantology that relies on modern measurement techniques, needs a more quantitative estimate of the bone quality.

Materials and methods
PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched with no time restriction. Clinical and radiographic studies reporting on alveolar ridge dimensions and its parameters in different areas of the dentate and edentulous jaws were included. A meta-analysis was performed using random effect models to report a combined mean for alveolar ridge and its parameters. Meta regression statistical tests were performed in order to identify differences in those outcome parameters.

Results
30 studies were included. The majority of the selected studies (total of 27) used live human subjects and CBCT to analyze alveolar ridge dimensions and its parameters. Using the combined mean obtained from the meta-analysis, a typical portrait of the alveolar ridge was constructed, and a geometrically based quantitative bone classification proposed. The quantitative classification was found to match the existing qualitative classification.

Conclusion
A geometry-based analysis was constructed that yields valuable insights on the bone type based on its components and on the dynamics of the dentate / edentulous states.
Radiation therapy for recurrent extrahepatic bile duct cancer
Authors: Koh Minji , Park Jin-hong , Yoo Changhoon , Yoon Sang Min , Jung Jinhong , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Chang Heung-Moon , Kim Kyu-pyo , Jeong Jae Ho , Kim Jong Hoon 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
More than half of patients with bile duct cancer (BDC) develop recurrence even after curative resection. Recurrent BDC has a poor prognosis, and no optimal treatment modality has been established. We therefore analyzed our experience on the survival outcomes of radiation therapy (RT) for recurrent extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC).

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with recurrent EHBDC who underwent concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) or RT alone at our institution between January 2001 and June 2015. Freedom from locoregional progression (FFLP), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors.

Results
A total of 76 patients were included in the analysis. The median OS was 16 months and the rates of 2-year FFLP, PFS, and OS were 61%, 25%, and 33%, respectively. Among the evaluable patients, the first site of failure was the locoregional area in 16 patients, distant metastasis in 27, and both sites in 8. On univariate analysis, disease-free interval (p = 0.012) and concurrent chemotherapy (p = 0.040) were found as significant prognostic factors for OS. One patient with CCRT developed a grade 3 hematologic toxicity, and two patients experienced late grade 3 toxicities including duodenal ulcer bleeding and obstruction.

Conclusions
RT for recurrent EHBDC showed favorable survival and local control with limited treatment-related toxicities. Considering that the most common pattern of failure was distant metastasis, further studies on the optimal scheme of chemotherapy and RT are warranted.
How Chinese Multinational Corporations Solve Cross-cultural Conflicts in Internationalization -- A Case Study of SAIC's Merging of Ssangyong Motor
Authors: Zhou Yejian 
Published: June 2021

In the context of globalization, the number of cross-cultural enterprises is increasing, making cross-cultural management of enterprises, especially cross-cultural conflicts, becoming prominent and urgent to be solved. Combined with the case of SAIC's merger and acquisition (M&A) of Ssangyong, this paper uses several methods, including case analysis, logical analysis, induction analysis, and qualitative analysis to evaluate the causes, consequences of and solutions to cross-cultural conflicts, so as to reduce the cost of the cross-cultural transaction of multinational enterprises, and further display enlightenment significance for Chinese multinational enterprises. This paper firstly reviews the case of the cross-cultural conflicts in the M&A of Ssangyong by SAIC and expounds on the multi-facet cross-cultural conflicts in the M&A process, such as corporate culture conflicts, values conflicts, etc. Then through the differences in national culture, corporate culture, and the actual situation of both sides of SAIC Ssangyong, the paper analyzes the causes of cross-cultural conflicts and elaborates on their influence on the transnational operation after M&A and possible measures taken by SAIC. Finally, the paper provides suggestions for China's transnational M&A enterprises through the analysis of the effect of countermeasures to solve cross-cultural conflicts and reduce transaction costs.
Die rechtspopulistische PEGIDA in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Volk Sabine 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag thematisiert die Reaktionen der Dresdner rechtspopulistischen Protestbewegung „Patriotische Europäer gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes“ (PEGIDA) auf die COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland. Er beschäftigt sich mit Kontinuitäten und Brüchen in PEGIDAs Aktivismus während der ersten Pandemie-Welle und „Lockdown“, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Aktionsformen, Netzwerke und diskursive Deutungsrahmen. Auf Grundlage des Verständnisses von PEGIDA als einer social movement organization (SMO), die sich in und durch öffentlichen Protest konstituiert, analysiert der Artikel zum einen Kontinuitäten in PEGIDAs Kooperation mit etablierten Figuren aus der Rechtsaußen-Szene sowie in bekannten rechtspopulistischen Artikulationsmustern. Zum anderen verweist die Analyse auf neuartige, virtuelle Aktionsformen sowie auf veränderte, der regierungskritischen „Querdenken“-Bewegung angepasste Deutungsrahmen. Abschließend argumentiert der Beitrag, dass PEGIDA während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie weder eindeutige Mobilisierungserfolge noch -misserfolge verbuchen konnte. Der Analyse liegt eine „virtuelle Ethnographie“ zugrunde.
Two modified Zagreb indices for random structures
Authors: Li Siman , Shi Li , Gao Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRandom structure plays an important role in the composition of compounds, and topological index is an important index to measure indirectly the properties of compounds. The Zagreb indices and its revised versions (or redefined versions) are frequently used chemical topological indices, which provide the theoretical basis for the determination of various physical-chemical properties of compounds. This article uses the tricks of probability theory to determine the reduced second Zagreb index and hyper-Zagreb index of two kinds of vital random graphs:G(n,p) andG(n,m).
The Use of 3D Photogrammetry in the Analysis, Visualization, and Dissemination of the Indigenous Archaeological Heritage of the Greater Antilles
Authors: Grau González-Quevedo Esteban Rubén , Hernández Godoy Silvia Teresita , Fernández Ortega Racso , González Herrera Ulises Miguel , Garcell Domínguez Jorge , Morales Prada Alexis , López Belando Adolfo José , Roksandic Mirjana , Chinique de Armas Yadira 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The development of digital technologies and the use of advanced photogrammetry programs for modeling archaeological excavations and sites have opened new possibilities for spatial analysis in archaeology and the reconstruction of archaeological contexts. In addition, these tools allow us to visually preserve the features of archaeological sites for future use and facilitate the dissemination of archaeological heritage to local communities and the general public. This paper summarizes 3D photographic visualization of three cave art sites (Los Cayucos and Cueva No. 1 in Punta del Este, Cuba, and José María Cave in the Dominican Republic) and two burial spaces (Canímar Abajo and Playa del Mango, Cuba) using photogrammetry software. The application of these novel methods at the cave art sites allowed us to visualize faint pictographs that were invisible to the naked eye, to better define the shapes of petroglyphs and to reconstruct the position of lost/removed panels. At the burial sites, 3D modeling allowed us to register the archaeological context with greater precision. The use of 3D modeling will improve spatial analysis and data safeguarding in Cuban archaeology. Moreover, 3D movies are an effective way to disseminate knowledge and connect local communities with their cultural heritage, while reducing the impact of public visits to remote or endangered sites.
Neither Philosophy nor Theology: The Origin in Heidegger’s Earliest Thought
Authors: Kuravsky Erik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
“The Origin,” one of Martin Heidegger’s most important notions after 1934, is tightly related to being-historical thinking, and to the peculiar kind of divinity that being-historical thinking indicates. However, the notion of the Origin appears already in Heidegger’s early Freiburg lectures (given between 1919 and 1923), thus placing it among the fundamentals of his early thought. This article argues that Heidegger’s project of fundamental ontology emerges from that early notion of the Origin, preparing the way for its flourishing in his later thinking. Attending to Heidegger’s early notion of the Origin, I suggest, reveals a unique feature of Heidegger’s thinking; namely, an element of genuine religiosity ungraspable in terms of both philosophy and theology. Thus, rather than interpreting fundamental ontology as a transcendental project encompassing a de-theologized version of early Christianity, it should be taken as an attempt to think the truth of the Origin, thus preparing the way for the genuine religiosity of Heidegger’s later thought. In this light, a unique sense of divinity underlies Heidegger’s lectures between 1919 and 1925; a sense which can only be comprehended through Heidegger’s triple sense schema (enactment–relation–content).
Electronic structure theory study of the reactivity and structural molecular properties of halo-substituted (F, Cl, Br) and heteroatom (N, O, S) doped cyclobutane
Authors: Edim Moses M. , Louis Hitler , Bisong Emmanuel A. , Chioma Apebende G. , Enudi Obieze C. , Unimuke Tomsmith O. , Bassey Asuquo B. , Prince David , Sam Queen O. , Ubana Emmanuel I. , Mujong Tiyati H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cyclobutane and its halo-substituted derivatives and its heteroatom doped derivatives have been extensively investigated in this study because of the vast applications and interesting chemistry associated with them, the vibrational assignments, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, Conceptual Density Functional Theory, Quantum Mechanical Descriptors and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) analysis have been explored in this study. The corresponding wavenumbers of the studied compounds have as well been assigned by Potential Energy Distribution analysis. Several inter and intramolecular hyperconjugative interactions within the studied compounds have been revealed by the NBO analysis with a confirmation of geometric hybridization and electronic occupancy. The compounds reactivity was observed to decrease down the halo group in manners such as the stability, both were observed to decrease from azetidine to thietane. The distribution of charge was observed to be affected by the ring substituent as observed from the charge population analysis; in addition, adjacent atoms are very much affected by the inherent properties of the substituted atoms. The NBO result suggests that the molecules are stabilized by lone pair delocalization of electrons from the substituted atoms and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) studies revealed that substituted halogens and doped heteroatoms are important and most probable sites of electrostatic interactions.
Bezeichnungsschutz gemäß § 40 KWG bei einer Fusion öffentlich- und privatrechtlich organisierter Sparkassen
Authors: Bitter Georg , Jochum Marcel 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Gemäß § 40 Abs. 1 KWG ist es einem engen Kreis von Kreditinstituten gestattet, die Bezeichnung „Sparkasse“ zu führen. Dieses Privileg stellt für die Sparkassen einen wesentlichen Unternehmenswert dar, weshalb es bei der Umstrukturierung im Wege von Umwandlungsmaßnahmen ausgesprochen bedeutsam erscheint, jene Berechtigung zu erhalten. Vor diesem Hintergrund erlangte kürzlich die beabsichtigte Verschmelzung einer öffentlich-rechtlich organisierten Sparkasse auf eine als Aktiengesellschaft organisierte freie Sparkasse besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Der nachstehende Beitrag geht der bislang kaum diskutierten Frage nach, ob der Bezeichnungsschutz des § 40 Abs. 1 KWG bei einer solchen Vereinigung, sofern sie umwandlungsrechtlich zulässig ist, erhalten bleibt.
Plague discourse, quarantine and plague control in early modern England: 1578–1625
Authors: Tussay Ákos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlague was a frequent visitor to early modern England, ravishing the whole country six times between 1563 and 1666. The plague problem was, however, definitely not just an English peculiarity. Plague, due to its recurrent and devastating outbreaks, was one of the central themes of late sixteenth-century medical scholarship and social policymaking. Plague was regulated mainly at the local levels, but most of the continental regulations and contemporary guidance seems to endorse two common features. They placed considerable emphasis on contagion and drew certain correlations between contacting plague and poverty on the one hand and meagre living conditions on the other hand. In some desperate attempts, the Elizabethan and Jacobean governments, set out to contain the spread of the disease, missing some marked features of these novel continental practices, issued various ill-suited regulations which dominated English plague control from 1578 to 1666. Despite these regulations' remarkably egalitarian overtone and seemingly charitable resolutions, this paper argues that the Elizabethan and Jacobean policies of plague control were destined to failure chiefly because of their elitist and inconsiderate measures, reducing them effectively to a harsh policy of confinement of the infected poor masses, taking almost no account of their health or well-being.
The reference to constitutional traditions in populist constitutionalism – The case of Hungary
Authors: Gárdos-Orosz Fruzsina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe paper aims to highlight the nature and the relevance of the reference to constitutional traditions in the building of populist constitutionalism, with special regard to the Hungarian case. In Hungary the goals and effects of this reference – especially the references to the achievements of the historical constitution – must be discussed at the level of the constitutional text and with regard to the formation of the new constitutional jurisprudence and, furthermore, to the creation of the constitutional identity. Outstanding political theories have been built about the elements of national populism and all include a political emphasis on a nation's pride in its culture, history and traditions. This paper examines the normative legal consequences of this in a state where the populist political forces have consecutively gained a majority in the Parliament which enables them to adopt and amend a constitution and decide on the personal make up of the constitutional court. It examines the role of the reference to constitutional traditions in the transformation of the constitutional system. The illustrative case studies from Hungary show one element of the alternative to mainstream liberal constitutional democracy: a constitutional perception of the sovereign people with a strong common constitutional heritage, this latter to be respected by all state organs and by domestic, European and international law. The paper offers an understanding of this constitutional concept and assembles disclaimers and serious legal concerns that must be taken into account, at least in Hungary, but probably in many other national populist regimes as well.
Some aspects of pesticide contamination of medicinal plants
Authors: Paramonov Sergey G. 
Published: June 2021

Chemical agents (pesticides)are used extensively by modern intensive agriculture to protect agricultural plants from environmental hazards. Pesticide use serves sanitary and hygienic purposes to prevent dangerous disease transmission by infected blood-feeding athropods and to remove unwanted vegetation at production facilities. At the same time, the very use of pesticides might have a negative impact on the human body when residual doses get into cultivated and wild medicinal plant raw materials.
The article deals with the problem of microcontamination of medicinal plants with pesticides. In particular, distribution routes for pesticides have been specified. Monitoring pesticide pollution problems both of the areas of medicinal plants collection and the raw materials have been raised. The monitoring problem complicated by pesticide storage in the environment has been noted.
Psychophysical training in treatment of sympathicotonic vegetative dystonia syndrome and primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents
Authors: Nezhkina N. N. , Kuligin O. V. , Nasonova O. L. , Mitrofanova G. N. , Sokolovskaya S. V. 
Published: June 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of psychophysical training as a method of non-drug correction of vegetative dystonia syndrome of sympaticotonic type and primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents.
Material and methods. 164 patients aged 717 years with sympathicotonic vegetative dystonia syndrome were examined, of which 47 were diagnosed primary arterial hypertension. The baseline autonomic tone (by cumulative clinical tables of autonomic manifestations), autonomic reactivity (based on the results of variation pulsography in ortho-and clean position), support activities (by clean orthostatic test) were evaluated, the heart rate variability was analyzed. As a method of non-drug correction of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system, psychophysical training (main group, n = 110) and therapeutic physical culture (comparison group, n = 54) were used. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, patients were examined twice: before and after the course.
Results. It was found that in the sympaticotonic type of vegetative system, excessive vegetative reactivity and activity maintenance predominate. The use of psychophysical training leads to their normalization in most patients. In patients with primary arterial hypertension, the level of blood pressure decreases. According to the analysis of heart rate variability in the main group there is a significant increase in the total power spectrum of neurohumoral regulation, representation of high-frequency fluctuations with simultaneous reduction of the share of low-frequency waves as well as aligned sympathetic-parasympathetic balance.
Conclusion. Psychophysical training is an effective method for non-drug correction of vegetative dystonia syndrome by sympaticotonic type and primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents.
Students Think Science Literacy Is Important and Improves with Lifelong Learning
Authors: MacDonald Heather 
Published: June 2021

A Review of:
Holden, I. I. (2010) Science literacy and lifelong learning in the classroom: A measure of attitudes among university students. Journal of Library Administration, 50:3, 265-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930821003635002
Abstract
Objective – Investigate student attitudes to science literacy and lifelong learning as outlined in Standard Five of the Information Literacy Standards for Science and Engineering/Technology (ILSTE): The information literate student understands that information literacy is an ongoing process and an important component of lifelong learning and recognizes the need to keep current regarding new developments in his or her field (2006).
Design – Survey.
Setting – A large public American R1 university.
Subjects – Undergraduate students in two classes: Information Literacy in the Sciences (Science group) and Information Literacy (Non-Science group).
Methods – A 13 question survey was administered to students by a colleague of the author. Three categories of questions were asked: students' perceptions of the important of science literacy, students' assessment of their own science literacy skills and students' perceptions of lifelong learning in relation to Standard Five.
Main Results – Survey participation included 13 students from the Science group and 18 students from the Non-Science group. Students agreed that science literacy is an important part of civic literacy and responsibility, and should be taught to undergraduates in the United States. Students from the Science group frequently had more positive responses to statements than the students in the Non-Science group. For example, 81% of Science students either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement, “Every responsible citizen should be aware of the latest scientific discoveries” compared to 61% of Non-science students. Students felt that their science literacy skills had improved since high school. Most students were confident in their research skills including using emerging communication technologies. Students believed that life-long learning and staying current contribute to good information literacy and science literacy.
Conclusion – Students think science literacy is an important part of being a responsible citizen. They also believe being a lifelong learner improves science literacy.