bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth–defense trade-offs shape population genetic composition in an iconic forest tree species
Authors: Cope Olivia L. , Keefover-Ring Ken , Kruger Eric L. , Lindroth Richard L. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceGenetic diversity is critical for ecological resilience and is maintained when different traits are advantageous in different environments. Traits are not entirely independent, however: When trade-offs occur, selection on one trait may indirectly act on another. Here we examine how environmentally mediated selection for growth interacts with a trade-off between growth and herbivore defense in experimental aspen stands. We show that even an environmentally fixed trait trade-off can lead to real-time divergence in population genetic composition between environments. The underlying growth–defense trade-off led to an eco-evolutionary dynamic wherein high-competition environments selected for fast-growing trees and thus ultimately selected against herbivore resistance. This discovery reveals how patterns of genetic covariation, coupled with environmental variation, can link ecological and evolutionary processes.
Sorting for secreted molecule production using a biosensor-in-microdroplet approach
Authors: Bowman Emily K. , Wagner James M. , Yuan Shuo-Fu , Deaner Matthew , Palmer Claire M. , D’Oelsnitz Simon , Cordova Lauren , Li Xin , Craig Frank F. , Alper Hal S. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The design–build–test cycle of metabolic engineering is swiftly becoming test limited owing to advances in DNA synthesis and library design. At the same time, improving extracellular production requires high-throughput studies to detect extracellular (not intracellular) content. Traditional approaches that utilize chromatography-based analysis or plate-based fluorescence assays are relatively throughput limited and require a high degree of liquid handling. These limitations are avoided here by creating a generalizable approach for small molecule production screening. Namely, this paradigm combines “off-the-shelf” biosensors with large library screening from producing cells in a cell-type agnostic manner.
Cultural similarity among coreligionists within and between countries
Authors: White Cindel J. M. , Muthukrishna Michael , Norenzayan Ara 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Do people who affiliate with the same religious tradition share cultural traits even if they live in different countries? We found unique patterns of cultural traits across religious groups and found that members of world religions (Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism) show cultural similarity among coreligionists living in different countries. People who share a particular religious tradition and level of commitment to religion were more culturally similar, both within and across countries, than those that do not, even after excluding overtly religious values. Despite their heterogeneity, religious denominations reflect superordinate cultural identities, and shared traits persist across geographic and political boundaries. These findings inform cultural evolutionary theories about the place of religion and secularity in the world’s cultural diversity.
Phonetic fusion in Chinese conversational speech
Authors: Tseng Shu-Chuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a corpus-based perspective on the phonetic fusion of disyllabic words in a Chinese conversational speech corpus. Four categorical types that reflect the phonological features of reduction degrees are automatically derived from gradient, acoustic properties. A transcription experiment is conducted with the most common disyllabic words. Both automatic derivation by acoustic signals and human transcription by perceptual judgment refer to the same sound inventory. We have shown that the complete form of fusion occurring in conversation need not be legitimate syllables and it appears consistently in the form of syllable merger that represents a group of phonetic variants.
Stance nouns in COVID-19 related blog posts
Authors: Curry Niall , Pérez-Paredes Pascual 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Research dissemination through academic blogs creates opportunities for writers to reach wider audiences. With COVID-19, public dissemination of research impacts daily practices, and national and international policies, and in countries like the UK and Spain, The Conversation publishes accessible COVID-19 themed research. Such academic blogs are important to the global academy, yet the role of authorial stance therein is notably under-investigated. This paper presents a corpus-based contrastive analysis of “stance nouns + that/de que” in a comparable corpus of English and Spanish COVID-19 themed academic blogs from The Conversation. The analysis identifies similarities and differences across languages that reflect how COVID-19 is framed in each language. For example, Spanish academics use Possibility and Factualness nouns when self-sourcing their stances with expanding strategies, while English academics use Argument and Idea nouns with external sources in contracting strategies. Overall, this paper adds to current linguistic knowledge on academic blogs and scientific communication surrounding COVID-19.
Pre-adolescents narrate classroom experience
Authors: Fante Isabella , Daiute Colette 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study applies sociocultural narrative theory and method to integrate children’s perspectives into research on classroom climate. Sociocultural narrative theory explains how individuals use expressive genres to make sense of environments, how they fit, and what they would like to change. This study incorporates such theory and method into a qualitative research design, applying quantitative analysis techniques to understand trends in student attention and expression. The main goal of this study is to examine whether and how students enact and express socioemotional and spatiotemporal (climate) sensitivities with their use of regular narrative elements. This study employs plot and character analyses to understand 22 sixth graders’ narrations of best and worst classroom experiences. These analyses reveal diverse patterns of focus on classroom events. Differences in the young narrators’ attention highlight areas for ongoing inquiry, with implications for mixed methods studies of classroom climate and related developmental research.
A sustainable environmental study on clamshell powder, slag, bagasse ash, fly ash, and corn cob ash as alternative cementitious binder
Authors: Abdullah N O , Fakhruddin  , Bachtiar R D W , Rusni N K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Concrete is one of the most commonly used construction materials, consisting of water, aggregate and cement. The use of Portland cement in the manufacture of concrete has a negative impact to the environment. Therefore, one alternative solution that can be done is to replace some of the cement content in concrete by utilizing waste such as Bagasse Ash, Fly Ash, and Corncob Ash, as a substitute material. In addition, the use of sand and gravel as aggregates can also be partial by utilizing Clamshell Powder as a partial substitute for fine aggregate and Nickel Slag as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate. This study aims to create high quality Self Consolidating Concrete (SCC) that is environmentally friendly with a simple steam curing method. The study used a tested object in the form of a 150x300 mm cylinder with the use of 3% bagasse ash, 10% fly ash, and 2% corncob ash as a partial substitute for cement, 9% Clamshell Powder as a partial substitute for sand, and 40% nickel slag that passed the 3/8 sieve and be restrained the No. 4 sieve as a partial substitute for gravel. Steam curing of the specimen was carried out at 7080 °C for 4 hours and continued with curing at room temperature until the testing time. Testing of concrete compressive strength aged 1 day is expected to produce concrete with a minimum strength of 30 MPa.
Early study of slope strength modeling of block type x
Authors: Karapa E , Harianto T , Muhiddin A B , Irmawaty R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The development of slope strengthening forms requires innovative efforts. One way is to make a particular prototype or model by performing laboratory-scale testing. Slope failure with the use of the riprap method is still frequent; therefore, it needs to be supported by a block to maximize this riprap method. This research is a preliminary study in making the type x block model a form of slope reinforcement. This study has three types of material: clay as slope making material, crushed stone as riprap, and concrete for making type x blocks. This study aims to determine the index value of the soil properties used as slope-making material and to measure the value of the x-block type tensile strength test. The soil properties index shows that this soil is clay with a plasticity index of 10.51%, clay content 42.79%, Friction Angle (φ) of 23.24°, and Specific Gravity (Gs) of 2.728. Whereas the tensile strength test results of 4 type x blocks, namely type x brace 1, type x locked 1, type x brace two, and type x closed 2, are 0.293 MPa, 0.128 MPa, 0.205 MPa, and 0.128 MPa, respectively. The test results show that the Block x brace model’s tensile strength is greater than the locked Block X model.
Soil Characteristics in the Yetni Yahukimo River Area
Authors: Rochmawati R , Yunianta A , Irianto  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rivers have a significant role in life and economic activity in Papua. The river not only acts as a source of raw water or irrigation water but is also rich in biodiversity. Uncontrolled logging and methods of clearing land for various purposes, including agricultural use by burning, have resulted in land damage. The land investigation aims to determine the characteristics of the soil in the Yetti River, Yahukimo Regency, Papua, which is used as a basis for deciding infrastructure development. The methods used with geotechnical investigations (soil mechanics) are boring, sondir, and laboratory tests. From the laboratory test results, it is known that the soil in that location is dominated by clay soil with an average value of Gs 2.5, the water content of 27.7%, ɣm = 1.67 Mg / m3 and Sr = 74.01%.
The Effect of Water-Binder Ratio on The Unconfined Compression Strength of Lime Treated Expansive Soils
Authors: Pinasang D , Harianto T , Muhiddin A B , Amiruddin A A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses unconfined compression strength in expansive soils using lime added as an ingredient. Soil samples were taken from one location in Manado City and tested in the laboratory to obtain soil properties values such as liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, activity, and unconfined compression strength. For the water-binder ratio, three variations are used, namely 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5. From the test results obtained, expansive clay characteristics are very plastic with an enormous PI value. The addition of 200 kg of lime in 1 cubic meter of soil increased the unconfined compression strength by 95.4% to 510.3%. The highest unconfined compression test was for water binder ratio 1.2 for curing time of 14 days, 28 days, and 90 days.
The effect of discharge on head loss with straight and bend flow directions in the pipeline
Authors: Bachrun R , Pallu M S , Thaha M A , Bakri B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Piping flow is a way of transportation to carry material from one place to another. A problem in pipelines is a head loss. This head loss can affect pipe capacity and reduce flow discharge. Structure or geometry of pipelines will affect energy due to the roughness of pipe walls, friction, bends, joints and energy decreases with the length of passed pipe. Head loss in the piping system includes major and minor energy losses. The objective of this research is to determine the magnitude of major and minor head losses and to determine the relationship between discharge and velocity, pressure height, and the influence of geometric network structure. The variation of flowed discharge is 0.5 liter/second, 2.5 liter/second, 3 liter/second and 4 liter/second. The research is experimental research conducted in the laboratory. The test design uses a pipeline with a length of 6 m, a width of 1.20 m, and a dimension of 64 mm. The results showed that an increase in flow rate (Q) followed by an increase in flow velocity (v) will increase Reynold’s (Re) number so that the head loss in the pipeline will increase. The increasing of Reynold’s (Re) number will decrease the value of the friction coefficient. Structure or geometric of the line also influences the pattern of flow. In a straight pipe, the velocity of flow is large but the pressure height is small compared to the bend pipe flow where the velocity of flow is small but the pressure height is larger.
The potential of tidal power plant with a double-cycle system with a single pond in Merauke
Authors: Rusvan A A , Thaha M A , Paotonan C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tide is an important parameter in obtaining the amount of tidal energy based on the value of the highest and lowest tide levels. Nearshore of Merauke, Papua Province, are waters located in the Arafuru Sea which is suspected of having high tidal energy potential. These tides are caused by the influence of the attraction of the moon and sun. Also, local factors that influence are the shape of the beach morphology which is natural and coastal waters such as bays and narrow straits, and the depth of nearshore. The results of HHWL and LLWL calculations for tide data sourced from the Center for Geodesy and Geodynamics Control Network (Gravity and Tidal Control Network Field) for 1 year and obtained the largest letter tide ride occurred in January at 4,072 m. The simulation results with a pond area of 10,000 m2 amounting to 142436.99 kWh for one year in 2019. So it can be concluded that the known energy use can be used as a reference in future planning development to obtain maximum tidal energy as an alternative energy source. This paper is part of a series of research on a single pond dual cycle system in empowering tidal energy that is being carried out.
Makanuai river flood control study at Jayapura district
Authors: Huddiankuwera A , Rochmawati R , Iriaanto  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The location of this research was carried out in the Makanuai River, Sentani Timur district, Jayapura Regency. Analysis of the planned flood discharge on the Makanuai river using the Rational method for calculating the planned flood discharge. Based on the results of the analysis of the calculation of flood plans with the method that has been done, it can be seen the flood discharge of the Sungai Makanuai plan, the return period Q 2 years = 123,358 m3 / sec, Q 5 years = 155,098 m3 / sec, Q 10 Years = 177,421 m3 / sec, Q 25 Years = 207,294 m3 / sec and Q 50 Years = 230,698 m3 / sec. Based on the analysis of the flow hydraulics on the cross-section of the Makanuai River in the HEC-RAS Program, it was found that the elevation of the floodwater level exceeded the capacity of the river. Therefore, it is necessary to make a Dividing Channel (Corner) accommodate the remaining flow of airflow that cannot be accommodated in the Main Canal so that the capacity of the Makanuai river flow will be reduced when maximum rainfall occurs. The operated Shaving Channel is capable of flowing discharge of 204,259 m3 / sec for a 50 year return period.
Estimation of the potential utilization of wave power surrounding Bali beach using CSP-MS
Authors: Thaha M A , Puspita A I D , Suriamiharja D A , Patittingi F , Paotonan C , Mustari A S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A series of studies have been and are being carried out to get an innovative engineering-based method of changing the paradigm of a breakwater as a dissipate wave energy structures into a coastal structure that protects the coast by capturing wave energy (Catchwater Shore Protection-CSP) to turn generator turbines. This work estimates the potential utilization of wave energy around the South Coast of Bali Island to be used as electric power with a multi slope CSP structure (CSP-MS). Wave data for 15 years (2005-2019) at 4 observation points were gathered up from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The representative wave analysis (Hn, where n is the return period year) yields a base value of H10 = 2.79 m with T10 = 13.36 s; Hs = 2.40 m with Ts = 12.33 s; H50 = 2.24 m with T50 = 11.89 s and H100 = 1.87 m with T100 = 10.75 s. The empirical analysis results indicate that the efficiency of capturing wave energy is ranging from 34.8% to 43.3% using CSP-MS.
The effectiveness of increasing the amount of Return Activated Sludge (RAS) in wastewater with a combination biofilter system on bulking parameters
Authors: Mursalim I A , Pallu M S , Selintung M , Rahim I R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Control of industrial wastewater treatment is very important to produce good effluent. Secondary processing is the heart of wastewater treatment. The problem that often occurs in secondary processing using activated sludge is bulking in the mixed liquor. Various studies on bulking have been done. The optimal aeration time is 3 hours to remove bulking in the mixed liquor caused by S.Natans bacteria. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the addition of the amount of Return Activated Sludge (RAS) in wastewater with a combination biofilter system on bulking parameters. The method used is experimental in the laboratory. The research design used a completely randomized design. The variation of the test that will be carried out is the addition of the Return Activated sludge variation test to determine the effectiveness of adding RAS to wastewater with a biofilter combination system on bulking parameters. The experiment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 27 treatments. To test bulking, it is tested using the parameters SVI (Sludge Volume Index), DO, MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid), and BOD. The results showed that the addition of Return Activated Sludge in wastewater was very effective in a combination biofilter system against bulking parameters.
Experimental investigation of wave reflection at a wave energy converter breakwater
Authors: Puspita A I D , Thaha M A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The wave energy converter breakwater innovation model with an overtopping mechanism with an impermeable single smooth slope was investigated experimentally in the laboratory. Investigations were carried out to determine how the relative freeboard and slope influence the reflection waves. This research is interesting because the main objective of this model is actually to capture overtopping waves to be collected in the reservoir and used as energy conversion, therefore besides the occurrence of wave overtopping through the model peak, one important parameter which is also interesting to know is how the effect of the relative freeboard and slope of this model to the reflection waves in front of the model. The physical model test research was conducted on a two-dimensional wave flume. The single smooth impermeable slope wave energy converter breakwater model is made of a size that can be mobilized by the flume. Several parameters of the model are varied, such as the slope angle and height of the freeboard model. In hydraulic parameters, variations such as incident wave height and wave period are also carried out. The results showed that the 1: 2 and 1: 2.5 slope models generally produce a greater reflection than the 1: 3 slope model. For the effect of the relative freeboard, it is found that the greater the value of the structure relative freeboard, the greater the wave reflection coefficient, with the range of wave reflection coefficient values obtained in this study are 0.1-0.7.
Measurement of Turbulent Flows and Shear Stress on Open Channels
Authors: Mansida A , Selintung M , Pallu M S , Hatta M P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of turbulent flows becomes a virtual object in any changes in open channel flow hydraulics. Turbulent flow and shear stress have a role in the geometrical changes of bed channel and sediment movement. The dynamics of turbulent flow are consequences of hydraulic channel dynamics. Turbulent flow has excessive kinetic energy resulting in resistance force because the increase of friction effect and infraction in turbulent flow creates a complex phenomenon. Shear stress is in the eternal pressure of flow against the deformation of the primary basic form of channel. The research aims to analyze turbulent flow, shear stress, and bed scours’ phenomena and potential. Measurement of turbulent flows is by measuring the flow velocity in four segments at a distance of 100 cm each. The channel’s cross-section is divided into nine parts and five measurement points in the flow depth of inner and outer regions. There are three variations of channel discharge and slope, i.e., low discharge (Q1), medium discharge (Q2), large discharge (Q3), and downward slope (S1), medium slope (S2), and high pitch (S3). The parameter of turbulent flow analysis, shear stress includes flow velocity average (U), flow depth (h), channel slope (S), viscosity (φ), the mass density of the liquid (ρ), the characteristic length or hydraulic radius (L/R) by using an empirical equation approach. Turbulent flow analysis used dimensionless Reynolds’ number equation approach. The effect of hydrodynamic on turbulent flow causes the distribution of shear and scour stress, transport, and sediment deposition. The increase in the slope of the channel affects the increase in the values of shear stress.
Characteristics of salinity in the semi-enclosed Saro Estuary, Takalar, Indonesia
Authors: Rohani I , Paroka D , Thaha M A , Hatta M P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Narrowing in the semi-enclosed estuary due to sediment deposits can disrupt shipping lanes and flooding in the upstream area. Because of water circulation in the estuary, both the flow of freshwater from rivers and saltwater from the sea is obstructed. When contaminants originating from Watersheds flow into bays, they can accumulate and continue to degrade water quality. The purpose of this study was to describe the salinity distribution of the semi-closed river estuaries to the high and low tidal conditions. This research is field research at the Saro river, Takalar, Indonesia. The results show that there is a narrowing at the mouth of Saro estuary due to the presence of barrier berm across the estuary and shallow channels due to sedimentation so that seawater is trapped in the back-barrier region at during the tide. Water salinity in the Saro estuary’s back-barrier area occurs up to point SL 6 or 0.67 km from the estuary to the upstream of the river. Distribution of salinity in the Saro estuary’s back-barrier region can be classified as strongly stratified to well-mixed. At the SL 6 sample point, the salinity values ranged from 30-34.7 ppt, which means seawater, even though the conditions are at the lowest tide.