bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential impact of antiretroviral therapy initiated before or during pregnancy on placenta pathology in HIV-positive women
Authors: Ikumi Nadia M. , Malaba Thokozile R. , Pillay Komala , Cohen Marta C. , Madlala Hlengiwe P. , Matjila Mushi , Anumba Dilly , Myer Landon , Newell Marie-Louise , Gray Clive M. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To examine the association between timing of antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation in HIV-infected women and placental histopathology.

Design:
A nested substudy in a larger cohort of HIV-infected women which examined the association between ART status and birth outcomes.

Methods:
Placentas (n = 130) were examined for histopathology from two ART groups: stable (n = 53), who initiated ART before conception and initiating (n = 77), who started ART during pregnancy [median (interquartile range) 15 weeks gestation (11–18)]. Using binomial regression we quantified associations between ART initiation timing with placental histopathology and pregnancy outcomes.

Results:
One-third of all placentas were less than 10th percentile weight-for-gestation and there was no significant difference between ART groups. Placental diameter, thickness, cord insertion position and foetal–placental weight ratio were also similar by group. However, placentas from the stable group showed increased maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) (39.6 vs. 19.4%), and decreased weight (392 vs. 422 g, P = 0.09). MVM risk was twice as high [risk ratios 2.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.16–3.57); P = 0.01] in the stable group; the increased risk remaining significant when adjusting for maternal age [risk ratios 2.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.12–3.72); P = 0.02]. Furthermore, MVM was significantly associated with preterm delivery and low birth weight (P = 0.002 and <0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion:
Preconception initiation of ART was associated with an increased MVM risk, and may contribute to placental dysfunction. The association between MVM with preterm delivery and low birth weight suggests that a placenta-mediated mechanism likely links the putative association between long-term use of ART and adverse birth outcomes.
COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination–Induced Lymphadenopathy Mimics Lymphoma Progression on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xu Guofan , Lu Yang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present here a 72-year-old man with mantle cell lymphoma who has completed chemotherapy and achieved complete metabolic response to the therapy 10 months ago. Series follow-up FDG PET/CT scans have been negative for lymphoma. Current FDG PET/CT scan showed a new cluster of subcentimeter left axillary lymphadenopathy with avid FDG uptake. There was also focal FDG uptake in the left upper arm deltoid muscle and adjacent subcutaneous soft tissue, with no other abnormal FDG-avid lesion or suspicious CT image findings. The medical history revealed that the patient received COVID-19 mRNA vaccine 2 days before the FDG PET/CT examination.
Routine Esophagograms After Hiatus Hernia Repair Minimizes Reoperative Morbidity
Authors: Liu David S. , Wee Melissa Y. , Grantham James P. , Ong Bee S. , Ng Stephanie G. , To Minh-Son , Zhou Xuanyu , Irvine Tanya , Bright Tim , Thompson Sarah K. , Dandie Lachlan , Shenfine Jonathan , Watson David I. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Determine the utility of routine esophagograms after hiatus hernia repair and its impact on patient outcomes.

Background:
Hiatus hernia repairs are common. Early complications such as
re-herniation, esophageal obstruction and perforation, although infrequent, incur significant morbidity. Whether routine postoperative esophagograms enable early recognition of these complications, expedite surgical management, reduce reoperative morbidity, and improve functional outcomes are unclear.

Methods:
Analysis of a prospectively-maintained database of hiatus hernia repairs in 14 hospitals, and review of esophagograms in this cohort. Results: A total of 1829 hiatus hernias were repaired. Of these, 1571 (85.9%) patients underwent a postoperative esophagogram. Overall, 1 in 48 esophagograms resulted in an early (<14 days) reoperation, which was undertaken in 44 (2.4%) patients. Compared to those without an esophagogram, patients who received this test before reoperation (n = 37) had a shorter time to diagnosis (2.4 vs 3.9 days, P = 0.041) and treatment (2.4 vs 4.3 days, P = 0.037) of their complications. This was associated with lower rates of open surgery (10.8% vs 42.9%, P = 0.034), gastric resection (0.0% vs 28.6%, P = 0.022), postoperative morbidity (13.5% vs 85.7%, P < 0.001), unplanned intensive care admission (16.2% vs 85.7%, P < 0.001), and decreased length-of-stay (7.3 vs 18.3 days, P = 0.009). Furthermore, we identified less intraoperative and postoperative complications, and superior functional outcomes at 1-year follow-up in patients who underwent early reoperations for an esophagogram-detected asymptomatic re-herniation than those who needed surgery for late symptomatic recurrences.

Conclusions:
Postoperative esophagograms decrease the morbidity associated with early and late reoperations, and should be considered for routine use after hiatus hernia surgery.
The Role of Targeted Versus Standard Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Pancreatoduodenectomy in Reducing Postoperative Infectious Complications
Authors: Pham Helen , Chen Andy , Nahm Christopher B. , Lam Vincent , Pang Tony , Richardson Arthur J. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Infectious complications are common after pancreatoduodenectomy, which in turn are associated with preoperative biliary drainage. Current guidelines recommend a first-generation cephalosporin as perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. However, some studies support the use of targeted antibiotics. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the role of prophylactic targeted antibiotics compared to standard antibiotics in reducing postoperative infections after pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods:
A search from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library from 1946 to July 2020 was conducted. Studies were included if they compared targeted antibiotics with standard perioperative antibiotics while including outcome data on surgical site infections (SSI). Targeted therapy was defined as perioperative antibiotics targeting organisms prevalent in bile instrumentation or by culture data obtained from the patient or institution. Outcomes assessed were the rate of SSIs and their microbiology profile. Analyses included demographic data, perioperative antibiotics, postoperative outcomes including microbiology data, and meta-analysis was performed where applicable.

Results:
Seven studies were included, with a total of 849 patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. Targeted antibiotics were associated with a significantly lower rate of postoperative SSI compared to standard antibiotic therapy [21.1% vs 41.9%; risk ratios (RR) 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.81]. Wound/incisional site infections and organ space infections were lower in patients receiving targeted antibiotic prophylaxis (RR 0.33, P = 0.0002 and RR 0.54, P = 0.0004, respectively). Enterococcus species were the most common bacteria reported.

Conclusion:
There was a significant reduction in overall SSI rates when targeted antibiotics was used. Current standard antibiotic prophylaxis is inadequate in covering microbes prevalent in postoperative infections developing after pancreatoduodenectomy.
miR-19-3p Promotes Autophagy and Apoptosis in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Through the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K Pathway: Function of miR-19-3p on Vaginal Fibroblasts by Targeting IGF-1
Authors: Yin Yitong , Qin Meiying , Luan Meng , Xia Zhijun 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition in older women. A decrease in collagen 1 (Col-1) expression is one of the main causes of POP. Many microRNAs play an important role in regulating target genes. The relationship between miR-19-3p and POP is investigated in this study, and the molecular mechanism was also explored to find whether miR-19-3p may be a potential target for early diagnosis and prevention of POP.

Methods
A total of 60 patients with POP and 60 patients without POP were included in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the expression of miR-19-3p, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Cell cycle was defined by flow cytometric analysis. The combination of miR-19-3p and IGF-1 was revealed by luciferase assays.

Results
The results of this study show that miR-19-3p was upregulated in the tissue of patients with POP, whereas COL-1 and IGF-1 expressions were lower in the POP group. miR-19-3p promoted excessive fibroblast autophagy and apoptosis. miR-19-3p negatively regulated the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and inhibited COL-1 secretion. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-19-3p regulated IGF-1 expression by direct target binding.

Conclusions
miR-19-3p has negative associations with the expression of Col-1. Our study highlights that miR-19-3p may affect the synthesis of Col-1 by targeting IGF-1 and that it may play an vital role in POP.
Copy number variations in Japanese children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Sakamoto Yui , Shimoyama Shuji , Furukawa Tomonori , Adachi Masaki , Takahashi Michio , Mikami Tamaki , Kuribayashi Michito , Osato Ayako , Tsushima Daiki , Saito Manabu , Ueno Shinya , Nakamura Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2021

Objective
Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs worldwide, most genomic studies on ASD were performed on those of Western ancestry. We hypothesized ASD-related copy number variations (CNVs) of Japanese individuals might be different from those of Western individuals.

Methods
Subjects were recruited from the Hirosaki 5-year-old children’s developmental health check-up (HFC) between 2013 and 2016 (ASD group; n = 68, control group; n = 124). This study conducted CNV analysis using genomic DNA from peripheral blood of 5-year-old Japanese children. Fisher’s exact test was applied for profiling subjects and CNV loci.

Results
Four ASD-related CNVs: deletion at 12p11.1, duplications at 4q13.2, 8p23.1 and 18q12.3 were detected (P = 0.015, 0.024, 0.009, 0.004, respectively). Specifically, the odds ratio of duplication at 18q12.3 was highest among the 4 CNVs (odds ratio, 8.13).

Conclusions
Four CNVs: microdeletion at 12p11.1, microduplications at 4q13.2, 8p23.1 and 18q12.3 were detected as ASD-related CNVs in Japanese children in this study. Although these CNVs were consistent with several reports by Western countries at cytoband levels, these did not consistent at detailed genomic positions and sizes. Our data indicate the possibility that these CNVs are characteristic of Japanese children with ASD. We conclude that Japanese individuals with ASD may harbor CNVs different from those of Western individuals with ASD.
Laboratory-Developed Test for SARS-CoV-2 Using Saliva Samples at the University of California, Riverside
Authors: Hai Rong , Collin Matthew , Tsau Sophia , Raygoza Daniel , Morrison Juliet , Carrillo Alexander J. , Collier Logan A. , Bayubay Walter , Han Kenneth , Kaloshian Isgouhi , Borkovich Katherine A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTHere we describe a relatively quick, simple, economical and accurate laboratory developed test (LDT) for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in heated and diluted saliva samples without RNA extraction. Our protocol is a variation of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign SHIELD LDT. Differences include chilling of the samples during dilution and using a reduced volume for the qRT-PCR reactions. The level of detection for our LDT is 3125 copies/ml, which compares favorably with other saliva-based tests. Initial validation studies with a limited number of patient samples have demonstrated excellent agreement between results using our LDT and those obtained from external laboratories. The cost of consumables for our test is under $8 and a throughput of 1000 tests/day can be achieved with 3-4 personnel.
Detection and stability of SARS-CoV-2 fragments in wastewater: Impact of storage temperature
Authors: Markt Rudolf , Mayr Markus , Peer Evelyn , Wagner Andreas O. , Lackner Nina , Insam Heribert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 wastewater epidemiology suffers from uncertainties concerning sample storage. We show the effect of storage of wastewater on the detectable SARS-CoV-2 load. Storage at 4 °C up to 9 days had no significant effect, while storage at −20 °C led to a significant reduction in gene copy numbers.HighlightsRaw wastewater samples can be stored up to 9 days at 4°C for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillanceFreezing of wastewater sample dramatically decreases RT-qPCR signal of SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater.
Effect of rearfoot strikes on the hip and knee rotational kinetic chain during the early phase of cuttings in female athletes
Authors: Ogasawara Issei , Shimokochi Yohei , Konda Shoji , Mae Tatsuo , Nakata Ken 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeBiomechanical factors affecting horizontal-plane hip and knee kinetic-chain and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risks during cutting maneuvers remains unclear. This study aimed to examine whether different foot strike patterns alter horizontal-plane hip and knee kinetics and kinematics during a cutting maneuver in female athletes and clarify the individual force contribution for producing high-risk hip and knee loadings.MethodsTwenty-five healthy female athletes performed a 60° cutting task with forefoot and rearfoot first strike conditions. Horizontal-plane hip and knee moment components, angles, and angular velocities were calculated using synchronized data of the marker positions on the body landmarks and ground reaction forces (GRF) during the task. The one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping paired t-test was used to identify the significant difference in kinetic and kinematic time-series data between foot strike conditions.ResultsIn the rearfoot strike condition, large hip and knee internal rotation loadings were produced during the first 5% of stance due to the application of GRFs, causing a significantly larger hip internal rotation excursion than that of the forefoot strike condition. Dissimilarly, neither initial hip internal rotation displacement nor knee internal rotation GRF loadings were observed in the forefoot strike condition.ConclusionRearfoot strike during cutting appears to increase noncontact ACL injury risks as the GRF tend to produce combined hip and knee internal rotation moments and the high-risk lower limb configuration. Conversely, forefoot strike during cutting appears to be an ACL-protecting strategy as the ACL-harmful joint loadings and lower-extremity configurations do not tend to be produced. Thus, improving foot strike patterns during cutting should be incorporated into ACL injury prevention programs.
Bacterial Cytological Profiling Identifies Rhodanine-containing PAINS Analogs as Specific Inhibitors ofE. coliThymidylate Kinasein Vivo
Authors: Montaño Elizabeth T. , Nideffer Jason F. , Sugie Joseph , Enustun Eray , Shapiro Adam B. , Tsunemoto Hannah , Derman Alan I. , Pogliano Kit , Pogliano Joe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we conducted an activity screen of 31 structural analogs of rhodanine-containing pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS). We identified nine active molecules inhibiting the growth ofE. coliand classified them according to theirin vivomechanisms of action. The mechanisms of action of PAINS are generally difficult to identify due to their promiscuity. However, we leveraged bacterial cytological profiling, a fluorescence microscopy technique, to study these complex mechanisms. Ultimately, we found that although some of our molecules promiscuously inhibit multiple cellular pathways, a few molecules specifically inhibit DNA replication despite their structural similarity to related PAINS. A genetic analysis of resistant mutants revealed that thymidylate kinase (an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis) is an intracellular target of some of these rhodanine-containing antibiotics. This finding was supported by assays ofin vitroactivity as well as experiments utilizing a thymidylate kinase overexpression system. The analog that demonstrated the lowest IC50in vitroand MICin vivodisplayed the greatest specificity for the inhibition of DNA replication inE. coli, despite containing a rhodamine moiety. While it’s generally thought that PAINS cannot be developed as antibiotics, this work highlights the utility of bacterial cytological profiling for studying thein vivospecificity of antibiotics, and it showcases novel inhibitors ofE. colithymidylate kinase.ImportanceWe demonstrate that bacterial cytological profiling is a powerful tool for directing antibiotic discovery efforts because it can be used to determine the specificity of an antibiotic’sin vivomechanism of action. By assaying analogs of PAINS, molecules that are notoriously intractable and non-specific, we (surprisingly) identify molecules with specific activity againstE. colithymidylate kinase. This suggests that structural modifications to PAINS can confer stronger inhibition by targeting a specific cellular pathway. Whilein vitroinhibition assays are susceptible to false positive results (especially from PAINS), bacterial cytological profiling provides the resolution to identify molecules with specificin vivoactivity.
Artificial Intelligence based personalized diet: A pilot clinical study for IBS
Authors: Karakan Tarkan , Gundogdu Aycan , Alagözlü Hakan , Ekmen Nergis , Ozgul Seckin , Hora Mehmet , Beyazgul Damla , Nalbantoglu O. Ufuk 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsCertain diets often used to manage functional gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Personalized diet-induced microbiome modulation is being preferred method for symptom improvement in IBS. Although personalized nutritional therapies targeting gut microbiota using artificial intelligence (AI) promises a great potential, this approach has not been studied in patients with IBS. Therefore, in this study we investigated the efficacy of AI-based personalized microbiome diet in patients with IBS-Mix (M).MethodsThis study was designed as a pilot, open-labelled study. We enrolled consecutive IBS-M patients (n=25, 19 females, 46.06 ± 13.11 years) according to Rome IV criteria. Fecal samples were obtained from all patients twice (pre- and post-intervention) and high-througput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. Patients were divided into two groups based on age, gender and microbiome matched. Six weeks of AI-based microbiome diet (n=14) for group 1 and standard IBS diet (Control group, n=11) for group 2 were followed. AI-based diet was designed based on optimizing a personalized nutritional strategy by an algorithm regarding individual gut microbiome features. An algorithm assessing an IBS index score using microbiome composition attempted to design the optimized diets based on modulating microbiome towards the healthy scores. Baseline and post-intervention IBS-SSS (symptom severity scale) scores and fecal microbiome analyses were compared.ResultsThe IBS-SSS evaluation for both pre- and post-intervention exhibited significant improvement (p<0.02 and p<0.001 for the control and intervention groups, respectively). While the IBS-SSS evaluation changed to moderate from severe in 82% (14 out of 17) of the intervention group, no such change was observed in the control group. After 6-weeks of intervention, a major shift in microbiota profiles in terms of alfa- or beta-diversity was not observed in both groups. A trend of decrease in Ruminococcaceae family for the intervention group was observed (p=0.17). A statistically significant increase in Faecalibacterium genus was observed in the intervention group (p = 0.04). Bacteroides and putatively probiotic genus Propionibacterium were increased in the intervention group, however Prevotella was increased in the control group. The change (delta) values in IBS-SSS scores (before-after) intervention and control groups are significantly higher in the intervention group.ConclusionAI-based personalized microbiome modulation through diet significantly improves IBS-related symptoms in patients with IBS-M. Further large scale, randomized placebo-controlled trials with long-term follow-up (durability) are needed.
Genome-wide association study of body fat distribution traits in Hispanics/Latinos from the HCHS/SOL Study
Authors: Justice Anne E. , Young Kristin , Gogarten Stephanie M. , Sofer Tamar , Graff Misa , Love Shelly Ann , Wang Yujie , Klimentidis Yann C. , Cruz Miguel , Guo Xiuqing , Hartwig Fernando , Petty Lauren , Yao Jie , Allison Matthew A. , Below Jennifer E. , Buchanan Thomas A. , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Goodarzi Mark O. , Hanis Craig , Highland Heather M. , Hsueh Willa A. , Ipp Eli , Parra Esteban , Palmas Walter , Raffel Leslie J. , Rotter Jerome I. , Tan Jingyi , Taylor Kent D. , Valladares Adan , Xiang Anny H. , Sánchez-Johnsen Lisa , Isasi Carmen R. , North Kari E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCentral obesity is a leading health concern with a great burden carried by ethnic minority populations, and especially Hispanics/Latinos. Genetic factors contribute to the obesity burden overall and to inter-population differences. We aim to: 1) identify novel loci associated with central adiposity measured as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HIP), all adjusted for body mass index (adjBMI), using the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL); 2) determine if differences in genetic associations differ by background group within HCHS/SOL; 3) determine whether previously reported association regions generalize to HCHS/SOL. Our analyses included 7,472 women and 5,200 men of mainland (Mexican, Central and South American) and Caribbean (Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Dominican) background residing in the US, with genome-wide array data imputed to the 1000 genomes Phase I multiethnic reference panel. We analyzed associations stratified by sex in addition to sexes combined using linear mixed-model regression. We identified 16 variants for WHRadjBMI, 22 for WCadjBMI, and 28 for HIPadjBMI that reached suggestive significance (P<1×10−6). Many of the loci exhibited differences in strength of associations by ethnic background and sex. We brought a total of 66 variants forward for validation in nine cohort studies (N=34,161) with participants of Hispanic/Latino, African and European descent. We confirmed four novel loci (ancestry-specific P<0.05 in replication, consistent direction of effect with HCHS/SOL, and P<5×10−8 after meta-analysis with HCHS/SOL), including rs13301996 in the sexes-combined analysis, and rs79478137 for women-only for WHRadjBMI; rs28692724 in women-only for HIPadjBMI; and rs3168072 in the sexes combined analysis for WCadjBMI. Also, a total of eight previously reported WHRadjBMI association regions, 12 for HIPadjBMI, and 10 for WCadjBMI generalized to HCHS/SOL. Our study findings highlight the importance of large-scale genomic studies in ancestrally diverse Hispanic/Latino populations for identifying and characterizing central obesity-susceptibility that may be ancestry-specific.