bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide survey of intrauterine blood transfusion for fetal anemia in Japan
Authors: Mizuuchi Masahito , Murotsuki Jun , Ishii Keisuke , Yamamoto Ryo , Sasahara Jun , Wada Seiji , Takahashi Yuichiro , Nakata Masahiko , Murakoshi Takeshi , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe present study investigated the current situation regarding intrauterine blood transfusion (IUT) for fetal anemia in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort questionnaire survey for cases that underwent IUT from 2011 to 2015. The questionnaire required perioperative information, indications, details of the procedure, procedure‐related complications, and neonatal morbidity.ResultsA total of 100 IUT procedures were performed in 66 cases at 19 institutions during the study period. The most frequent indication of IUT was complicated monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins in 28 (42.4%) cases, followed by 16 (24.2%) cases of red‐cell alloimmunization, and 10 (15.2%) cases of parvovirus B19 infection. IUT was performed through the umbilical cord in the vast of majority cases (92%). Bleeding from the IUT site was the most common adverse event (40%). Two cases (2%) underwent emergency cesarean section after the procedure. There were no cases of rupture of membrane or intrauterine infection after IUT. The neonatal survival rate was 77.3% in the 66 total cases and 64% in the hydrops cases. The neonatal survival rates in MCDA twins, red‐cell alloimmunization, and parvovirus B19 infection were 75%, 93.8%, and 70%, respectively.ConclusionsIUT was performed for mainly three indications in Japan: MCDA twins, red‐cell alloimmunization, and parvovirus B19 infection. The incidences of severe adverse events seemed very low. The outcomes after IUT were favorable with variations in survival rates according to indications. However, further studies with long‐term follow‐up will be required to assess the effectiveness of IUT, especially for complicated MCDA twins.
Parent–Child Contact, Closeness, and Conflict Across the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Fang Shichen , Galambos Nancy L. , Johnson Matthew D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether youth and parent perceptions of parent–child contact, closeness, and conflict change during the transition to adulthood, and how perceived parent–child relations vary as a function of life course experiences such as residential, education, and relationship status.BackgroundThe parent–child relationship is one of the most influential and long‐lasting social ties. Much research on this relationship focuses on childhood, adolescence, and late life, with data from one generation only. Guided by a life course perspective, this study sought to investigate youth and parent perceptions of parent–child relations during the transition to adulthood—a relatively understudied area.MethodData were from a community sample of German parent–child dyads (N = 2,301, 50% daughter, 65% mother) who participated in the German Family Panel study (pairfam;
https://www.pairfam.de/en/) and were followed annually from ages 17 to 22.ResultsLatent growth models revealed that parent–child contact and conflict decreased, and parent–child closeness remained relatively stable from ages 17 to 22; youth coresidence with parents was associated with higher levels of youth‐ and parent‐reported contact and conflict, but youth student and relationship statuses were not related to changes in parent–child relations.ConclusionThis study describes general patterns of parent–child relations in a transitional period and offers insights into the role of life course event status in changing parent–child relations. Findings reveal separation from parents along with connectedness, and provide support for understanding development in the context of linked lives.
Natural disasters, aggregate trade resilience, and local disruptions: Evidence from Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Friedt Felix L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhat drives the resilience of international trade against increasingly destructive natural disasters? In this study, I investigate the dynamics and spatial distribution of Hurricane Katrina's trade effects across United States infrastructure and break new ground on the mechanisms underlying the static and dynamic trade resilience. Analyzing port‐level data, I find that ports subject to this calamity experience significant and lasting trade reductions, while export and import shipments handled by the adjacent ports exhibit significant increases. Interestingly, the duration of this rerouting effect is persistent for 8 years uncovering novel path dependencies and providing important policy insights in light of recent events.
Examining decentering as a moderator in the relation between non‐suicidal self‐injury and suicide ideation via cognitive–affective factors
Authors: Rosario‐Williams Beverlin , Kaur Simran , Miranda Regina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveGiven the high prevalence of self‐injury but low treatment‐seeking among young adults, brief, accessible interventions might help reduce risk of self‐injurious thoughts and behavior in this population. This cross‐sectional study examined the moderating effects of decentering—a cognitive–affective regulation strategy—in the relation between non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicide ideation via cognitive–affective factors that increase risk for both NSSI and suicide ideation.MethodsCollege students (N = 125, 79% women), ages 18–27, pre‐screened for moderate levels of depression and anxiety, completed self‐report measures of NSSI, decentering, rumination, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicide ideation.ResultsYoung adults with past‐year non‐suicidal self‐injury scored lower on decentering than their peers without NSSI. Decentering was associated with lower levels of all cognitive–affective risk factors and moderated the relation between NSSI and rumination, but not the relation between NSSI and hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Decentering moderated the indirect effect of past‐year non‐suicidal self‐injury on past‐week suicide ideation via rumination, but not via hopelessness or depressive symptoms.ConclusionsDecentering is a potential cognitive–affective regulation strategy for targeting factors that increase risk of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors. Future studies should examine decentering as a buffer against risk using designs that allow for conclusions about temporal order of effects.
Partisan Differences in Social Distancing May Originate in Norms and Beliefs: Results from Novel Data
Authors: Wu Jennifer D. , Huber Gregory A. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveRecent academic work on the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic has established a persistent difference between Democrats and Republicans in social distancing behaviors. We uncover a potential explanation for this difference—social norms and beliefs.MethodsWe use a series of ordinary least squares regression specifications on novel survey data collected in April through June of 2020.ResultsWe find that Democrats are more likely to report social distancing than are Republicans, even after controlling for a range of demographic variables that might otherwise account for differences in social distancing and that these differences are found in partisans’ norms and beliefs around social distancing. Our main analysis shows that the partisan difference in social distancing disappears when we control for social norms and beliefs, suggesting their salience in changing social distancing behaviors.ConclusionOur results contribute to current research focused on mitigating the spread of COVID‐19 by highlighting a mechanism, norms and beliefs, for interventions to target.
The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition
Authors: Levin Guy , Kulikovsky Sharon , Liveanu Varda , Eichenbaum Benjamin , Meir Ayala , Isaacson Tal , Tadmor Yaakov , Adir Noam , Schuster Gadi 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYAlthough light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. One of the main processes that limits photosynthesis is photoinhibition, the process of light‐induced photodamage. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that is dissipated by photosynthetic electron flow and other processes, damaging radicals are formed that mostly inactivate photosystem II (PSII). Damaged PSII must be replaced by a newly repaired complex in order to preserve full photosynthetic activity. Chlorella ohadii is a green microalga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, that thrives under extreme high light and is highly resistant to photoinhibition. Therefore, C. ohadii is an ideal model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying protection against photoinhibition. Comparison of the thylakoids of C. ohadii cells that were grown under low light versus extreme high light intensities found that the alga employs all three known photoinhibition protection mechanisms: (i) massive reduction of the PSII antenna size; (ii) accumulation of protective carotenoids; and (iii) very rapid repair of photodamaged reaction center proteins. This work elucidated the molecular mechanisms of photoinhibition resistance in one of the most light‐tolerant photosynthetic organisms, and shows how photoinhibition protection mechanisms evolved to marginal conditions, enabling photosynthesis‐dependent life in severe habitats.
Contrasting recruitment of skin‐associated adipose depots during cold challenge of mouse and human
Authors: Kasza Ildiko , Kühn Jens‐Peter , Völzke Henry , Hernando Diego , Xu Yaohui G. , Siebert John W. , Gibson Angela L. F. , Yen C. ‐L. Eric , Nelson David W. , MacDougald Ormond A. , Richardson Nicole E. , Lamming Dudley W. , Kern Philip A. , Alexander C. M. 
Published: March 2021

Key pointsSeveral distinct strategies produce and conserve heat to maintain the body temperature of mammals, each associated with unique physiologies, with consequences for wellness and disease susceptibilityHighly regulated properties of skin offset the total requirement for heat production We hypothesize that the adipose component of skin is primarily responsible for modulating heat flux; here we evaluate the relative regulation of adipose depots in mouse and human, to test their recruitment to heat production and conservationWe found that insulating mouse dermal white adipose tissue accumulates in response to environmentally and genetically induced cool stress; this layer is one of two adipose depots closely apposed to mouse skin, where the subcutaneous mammary gland fat pads are actively recruited to heat productionIn contrast, the body‐wide adipose depot associated with human skin produces heat directly, potentially creating an alternative to the centrally regulated brown adipose tissueAbstractMammalian skin impacts metabolic efficiency system‐wide, controlling the rate of heat loss and consequent heat production. Here we compare the unique fat depots associated with mouse and human skin, to determine whether they have corresponding functions and regulation. For humans, we assay a skin‐associated fat (SAF) body‐wide depot to distinguish it from the subcutaneous fat pads characteristic of the abdomen and upper limbs. We show that the thickness of SAF is not related to general adiposity; it is much thicker (1.6‐fold) in women than men, and highly subject‐specific. We used molecular and cellular assays of β‐adrenergic‐induced lipolysis and found that dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in mice is resistant to lipolysis; in contrast, the body‐wide human SAF depot becomes lipolytic, generating heat in response to β‐adrenergic stimulation. In mice challenged to make more heat to maintain body temperature (either environmentally or genetically), there is a compensatory increase in thickness of dWAT: a corresponding β‐adrenergic stimulation of human skin adipose (in vivoor in explant) depletes adipocyte lipid content. We summarize the regulation of skin‐associated adipocytes by age, sex and adiposity, for both species. We conclude that the body‐wide dWAT depot of mice shows unique regulation that enables it to be deployed for heat preservation; combined with the actively lipolytic subcutaneous mammary fat pads they enable thermal defence. The adipose tissue that covers human subjects produces heat directly, providing an alternative to the brown adipose tissues.
Design of a Novel Parallel Mechanism for Haptic Device
Authors: Lixing Jin , Xingguang Duan , Changsheng Li , Qingxin Shi , Hao Wen , Jin Wang , Haoyuan Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel parallel architecture with seven active degrees of freedom (DOFs) for general-purpose haptic devices. The prime features of the proposed mechanism are partial decoupling, large dexterous working area, and fixed actuators. The detailed processes of design, modeling, and optimization are introduced and the performance is simulated. After that, a mechanical prototype is fabricated and tested. Results of the simulations and experiments reveal that the proposed mechanism possesses excellent performances on motion flexibility and force feedback. This paper aims to provide a remarkable solution of the general-purpose haptic device for teleoperation systems with uncertain mission in complex applications.
Magnetostratigraphic study of a Late Cretaceous–Paleogene succession in the eastern Xining basin, NE Tibet: Constraint on the timing of major tectonic events in response to the India-Eurasia collision
Authors: He Chi-Cheng , Zhang Yue-Qiao , Li Shao-Kai , Wang Kai , Ji Jian-Qing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cretaceous-Cenozoic basins developed in the NE Tibetan Plateau contain key archives to unravel the growth history of the plateau in response to the India-Eurasia collision. Here we present magnetostratigraphic results of a Late Cretaceous to Paleogene succession of the Zhongba section outcropping at the southern margin of the eastern Xining basin. This succession consists of three lithological units punctuated by two stratigraphic unconformities, which best recorded the deformation history of this foreland basin. Detailed magnetostratigraphic investigation show that the lower terrestrial sedimentary rock unit, the Minhe Group, was deposited in latest Cretaceous in the time span of ca. 74.5–69.2 Ma; the middle unit was deposited in Paleogene in the time span of ca. 49.3–22 Ma; and the upper conglomeratic unit, not dated, possibly was deposited in early Miocene. Accordingly, the Cretaceous–Paleogene unconformity, widely observed in the foreland basins of NE Tibet, represents a sedimentary hiatus duration of ∼19.9 m.y., from ca. 69.2 Ma to ca. 49.3 Ma, which possibly recorded the far-field response to the tectonic transition from Neo-Tethys oceanic plate subduction to the India-Eurasia collision in southern Tibet. Changes in provenance, sedimentary accumulation rate, and mean susceptibility value at ca. 33–30 Ma, and the total prolate anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) ellipsoids and provenance shifting since ca. 23–19 Ma, point to the pulsed growth of West Qinling, and rapid uplift of Laji Shan, respectively, indicating an enhanced effect of the India-Eurasia collision in Oligocene and early Miocene. AMS results show a clockwise rotation of the shortening direction from NEN-SWS in latest Cretaceous to NE-SW in Paleogene.
Comparative effectiveness of exercise training program in patients with heart failure: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and network meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Min , Huang Yangxi , Wang Qianyi , Gu Zejuan , Sun Guozhen 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionHeart failure (HF) is an end-stage of numerous heart diseases including hypertension, coronary heart disease and arrhythmia, in which the heart is unable to perform its circulatory function with sufficient efficiency due to structural or functional dysfunction (systolic or diastolic alterations). Strategies such as exercise rehabilitation may improve cardiac function, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life and reduce anxiety and depression in patients with HF. However, the relative effectiveness as well as the hierarchy of exercise interventions have not been well established, although various exercise options are available. Therefore, this protocol proposes to conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) aiming to compare the effectiveness of different types of exercise training in patients with HF.Methods and analysisPubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library will be searched from inception to March 2021 for relevant randomised controlled trials. Other resources, such as Google Scholar and Clinical Trials.gov will also be considered. Studies assessing exercise rehabilitation in patients with HF will be selected. Two independent reviewers will identify eligible trials. The PEDro risk of bias assessment tool will be used to assess the quality of the included studies. Bayesian NMA will be used when possible to determine the comparative effectiveness of the different exercise interventions. The mean ranks and surface will estimate the ranking probabilities for the optimal intervention of various treatments under the cumulative ranking curve. Subgroup, sensitivity and meta-regression will be conducted to explain the included studies’ heterogeneity if possible. We will also use the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system to assess the strength of evidence.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review and NMA will synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of the different exercises in patients with HF. The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. No ethical approval will be required because the data used for the review will be exclusively extracted from published studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020165870.
Parents’ Active Role and ENgagement in The review of their Stillbirth/perinatal death 2 (PARENTS 2) study: a mixed-methods study of implementation
Authors: Burden Christy , Bakhbakhi Danya , Heazell Alexander Edward , Lynch Mary , Timlin Laura , Bevan Charlotte , Storey Claire , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Siassakos Dimitrios 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveWhen a formal review of care takes places after the death of a baby, parents are largely unaware it takes place and are often not meaningfully involved in the review process. Parent engagement in the process is likely to be essential for a successful review and to improve patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate an intervention process of parental engagement in perinatal mortality review (PNMR) and to identify barriers and facilitators to its implementation.DesignMixed-methods study of parents’ engagement in PNMR.SettingSingle tertiary maternity unit in the UK.ParticipantsBereaved parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs).InterventionsParent engagement in the PNMR (intervention) was based on principles derived through national consensus and qualitative research with parents, HCPs and stakeholders in the UK.OutcomesRecruitment rates, bereaved parents and HCPs’ perceptions.ResultsEighty-one per cent of bereaved parents approached (13/16) agreed to participate in the study. Two focus groups with bereaved parents (n=11) and HCP (n=7) were carried out postimplementation to investigate their perceptions of the process.Overarching findings were improved dialogue and continuity of care with parents, and improvements in the PNMR process and patient safety. Bereaved parents agreed that engagement in the PNMR process was invaluable and helped them in their grieving. HCP perceived that parent involvement improved the review process and lessons learnt from the deaths; information to understand the impact of aspects of care on the baby’s death were often only found in the parents’ recollections.ConclusionsParental engagement in the PNMR process is achievable and useful for parents and HCP alike, and critically can improve patient safety and future care for mothers and babies. To learn and prevent perinatal deaths effectively, all hospitals should give parents the option to engage with the review of their baby’s death.
FRW cosmological models with cosmological constant in f(R, T) theory of gravity
Authors: Pradhan Anirudh , Garg Priyanka , Dixit Archana 
Published: March 2021

In the present paper, we have generalized the behaviors of the transit-decelerating to accelerating FRW cosmological model in f(R, T) gravity theory, where R and T are Ricci scalar and trace of the energy–momentum tensor, respectively. The solution of the corresponding field equations is obtained by assuming a linear function of the Hubble parameter H (i.e., q = c1 + c2H), which gives a time-dependent deceleration parameter [Formula: see text], where c3 and c2 are arbitrary integrating constants (Tiwari et al. Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 131, 447 (2016); Ibid. 132, 126 (2017)). There are two scenarios in which we explain the particular form of scale factor thus obtained: (i) by using the recent constraints from observational Hubble data (OHD) and joint light curves (JLA) data, which show a cosmic deceleration to acceleration and (ii) by using new constraints from supernovae type Ia union data, which show accelerating expansion of the universe (q < 0) throughout its evolution. We have observed that EoS parameter, energy density parameters, and important cosmological planes yield results compatible with the modern observational data. For the derived models, we have calculated various physical parameters as luminosity distance, distance modulus, and apparent magnitude versus redshift for both current supporting observations.
Accountability and social control: how the process works
Authors: Gonçalves Andréa de Oliveira , Bilhim João de Abreu Faria , Rezende Ricardo Borges de , Gonçalves Rodrigo de Souza 
Published: March 2021

Adopting an action research approach, this study presents the findings of an analysis of accountability and social control processes in place between the local government (Municipal Health Office) and the Anápolis-Brazil Municipal Health Council. The different stages of the action research process entailed: observation of plenary meetings, analysis of the composition of the council, a group interview with council members and the training of council members. The main results were the tabling and approval of a resolution defining a template for accountability reports and the drafting of a handbook with guidelines on how to read and analyze accountability reports. Members of the health council were seen to change their views concerning the process of analyzing the reports, the new emphasis being on their quality and on connecting them with the planning information. In the light of Habermas’s perspective, the authors question the role of training and the intention implicit in the guidelines: are they an opportunity for empowerment/liberation or, on the contrary, an instrument of domination and alienation?