bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young and Undamaged rMSA Improves the Longevity of Mice
Authors: Tang Jiaze , Ju Anji , Li Boya , Zhang Shaosen , Gong Yuanchao , Ma Boyuan , Jiang Yi , Liu Hongyi , Fu Yan , Luo Yongzhang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImprovement of longevity is an eternal dream of human beings. Here we report that a single protein recombinant mouse serum albumin (rMSA) improved the lifespan and healthspan of C57BL/6N mice. The median lifespan extensions were 17.6% for female and 20.3% for male, respectively. The grip strength of rMSA-treated female and male mice increased by 29.6% and 17.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the percentage of successful escape increased 23.0% in rMSA-treated male mice using the Barnes Maze test. The rMSA used in this study is young and almost undamaged. We define the concept “young and undamaged” to any protein without any unnecessary modifications by four parameters: intact free thiol (if any), no advanced glycation end-product, no carbonylation, and no homocysteinylation. Here “young and undamaged” rMSA is much younger and less damaged than the endogenous serum albumin from young mice at 1.5 months of age. We predict that young and undamaged proteins altogether can further improve the longevity.
Gaussian process modeling of nonstationary crop yield distributions with applications to crop insurance
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Wu Ximing , Zhang Yu Yvette , Leatham David 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to bring out the development of a flexible model for nonstationary crop yield distributions and its applications to decision-making in crop insurance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors design a nonparametric Bayesian approach based on Gaussian process regressions to model crop yields over time. Further flexibility is obtained via Bayesian model averaging that results in mixed Gaussian processes.FindingsSimulation results on crop insurance premium rates show that the proposed method compares favorably with conventional estimators, especially when the underlying distributions are nonstationary.Originality/valueUnlike conventional two-stage estimation, the proposed method models nonstationary crop yields in a single stage. The authors further adopt a decision theoretic framework in its empirical application and demonstrate that insurance companies can use the proposed method to effectively identify profitable policies under symmetric or asymmetric loss functions.
Do producers respond to quality information disclosure? The HACCP certification in meat industry
Authors: Zhou Jiehong , Jin Yu , Wang Yu , Liang Qiao 
Published: February 2021

PurposeFood markets are characterized by asymmetric information between suppliers and consumers, which causes inefficiency of market and food safety risks. This paper studies how the food quality and safety information disclosed by the government affects the hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) certification decision of meat producers. The heterogeneity of the effects across different regions, provinces with different meat output scales and provinces with different intensities of food safety regulation is evaluated.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies a unique database comprising information from multiple sources. Food quality and safety information disclosure is indicated by the number of failure records of food sampling inspections by the government in 2015–2018. Fixed-effect model is used in the analyses.FindingsThe results demonstrate that food quality and safety information disclosure has a significant effect on the HACCP certification adoption by meat producers. The effect is heterogeneous across geographic regions, i.e. this effect is larger in the east and the middle of China than that in the west and the northeast. The heterogeneity across regions may be caused by the variance in meat output scales and fiscal expenditures on food safety among provinces.Originality/valueThis research is one of the preliminary attempts to understand how producers respond in terms of HACCP certification to the amount of food quality and safety information disclosed by the government, based on the case of meat industry in China.
A qualitative exploration of value and waste in a Trinidadian emergency department patient flow process: perspectives of patients and clinicians
Authors: De Freitas Loren , Goodacre Steve , O'Hara Rachel , Thokala Praveen , Hariharan Seetharaman 
Published: February 2021

PurposeA process that does not include the customer's value may not be effective in providing care. This study aimed to identify value and waste in an emergency department (ED) patient flow process from a patient and clinician perspective.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study was conducted in an ED in Trinidad and Tobago. Observations and informal conversational interviews with clinicians (n = 33) and patients (n = 50) explored patient flow, value and waste. Thematic analysis was used to create a framework on valuable and wasteful aspects in the ED patient flow process.FindingsValuable aspects led to direct improvements in the patient's health or an exchange of information in the process. Wasteful aspects were those with no patient activity, no direct ED clinical involvement, or resulted in a perceived inappropriate use of ED resources. However, there was a disparity in responses between clinicians and patients with clinicians identifying more features in the process.Research limitations/implicationsThe single case study design limits the generalizability of findings to other settings. This study did not specifically explore the influence of age and gender on what mattered to patients in ED services. Future studies would benefit from exploring whether there are any age and gender differences in patient perspectives of value and waste. Further research is needed to validate the usefulness of the framework in a wider range of settings and consider demographic factors such as age and gender.Practical implicationsThe study has produced a framework which may be used to improve patient flow in a way that maximized value to its users. A collaborative approach, with active patient involvement, is needed to develop a process that is valuable to all. The single case study design limits the generalizability of findings to other settings.Originality/valueQualitative methods were used to explicitly explore both value and waste in emergency department patient flow, incorporating the patient perspective. This paper provides an approach that decision makers may use to refine the ED patient flow process into one that flows well, improves quality and maximizes value to its users.
An empirical study of the relationship between inclusive leadership and business model innovation
Authors: Fang Yangchun , Dai Xinxing , Zhang Xudong 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo better understand factors that lead to business model innovation (BMI) in organizations, this study argues that inclusive leadership is the primary source that motivates employee engagement in boundary-spanning activities, which fosters BMI by generating and integrating employee knowledge through boundary-spanning exploration.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes the relationships between inclusive leadership, boundary-spanning exploration and BMI to discover how they influence each other. This is achieved by a survey of more than 30 enterprises in Zhejiang Province, China. The survey data are analyzed using SPSS.FindingsInclusive leaders who display characteristics of openness, accessibility and availability have a positive effect on BMI and boundary-spanning exploration; openness and accessibility have more significant positive effect on BMI and boundary-spanning exploration.Research limitations/implicationsBecause this study covers only in Zhejiang Province, in China, the findings may not be easily generalizable to other contexts. Other factors, such as organizational structure and contextual characteristics, could also be added as antecedents in a future investigation. Moreover, the scales could be revised more suitable for China in the future.Practical implicationsThe empirical findings can be used as guidelines for firms seeking to take advantage of inclusive leadership and to help firms motivate their employees to engage in boundary-spanning exploration to acquire, generate and integrate knowledge from diverse sources to promote BMI.Originality/valueThis study provides insights that will be of value by adding to the theoretical foundation of our understanding of the antecedents to firms' BMI. This study argues that employees' boundary-spanning exploration is important to BMI as well. Inclusive leadership is crucial to stimulate boundary-spanning exploration by employees. Therefore, how to encourage inclusive leadership in firms is well worth examining.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of corticosteroid and vincristine in treating kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma: A multicenter prospective randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yao Wei , Li Kai , Wang Zuopeng , Wang Jinhu , Ji Yi , Zhou Lin , Huang Haijin , Gao Xiaoyun , Huang Zhijian , Gu Song , Yang Heying , Zheng Shan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA) are rare vascular tumors that can cause life‐threatening Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon. No evidence‐based treatment strategies have yet been established, and its management is still a challenge. The purpose of this multicenter prospective randomized controlled study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of corticosteroid and vincristine (VCR) in the treatment of KHE and TA. All patients with KHE/TA who met the diagnostic criteria were consecutively recruited. The patients were randomized into a methylprednisolone (MP) group and a VCR group. The primary outcome was the single main parameter effective rate and overall effective rate of corticosteroid and VCR over 1 month after treatment. The single main parameters included platelets, fibrinogen, tumor size, texture, and appearance. From May 2016 to April 2018, a total of 59 patients completed the clinical trial, including 29 in the MP group and 30 in the VCR group. The results showed that VCR was superior to corticosteroid in the improvement of platelet (80.0% vs 44.0%, P = 0.019) and tumor texture (68.9% vs 30.8%, P = 0.007). Although the efficacy of VCR on fibrinogen (23.3% vs 20.7%, P = 1.000), tumor size (23.3% vs 13.8%, P = 0.273), and appearance (65.5% vs 46.2%, P = 0.120) was higher than that of corticosteroid, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the overall effective rate of VCR was higher than that of corticosteroid (56.7% vs 31.0%), but the difference was also not statistically significant (P = 0.067). In conclusion, the therapeutic effect of VCR was significantly better than that of corticosteroid with regard to treating thrombocytopenia and tumor texture. We recommend that VCR could be an option for first‐line treatment in KHE/TA patients.
Forest regeneration can positively contribute to local hydrological ecosystem services: Implications for forest landscape restoration
Authors: van Meerveld H. J. (Ilja) , Jones Julia P. G. , Ghimire Chandra P. , Zwartendijk Bob W. , Lahitiana Jaona , Ravelona Maafaka , Mulligan Mark 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Governments are increasingly committing to significant forest restoration. While carbon sequestration is a major objective, the case for restoration often includes benefits to local communities. However, the impacts of forest restoration on local hydrological services (e.g. flood and erosion risk, stream flow during dry periods) are surprisingly poorly understood. Particularly limited information is available on the impacts of passive tropical forest restoration following shifting cultivation.

The outcome depends on the trade‐off between the improved soil infiltration capacity (reducing overland flow and increasing soil and groundwater recharge) and greater evapotranspiration (diminishing local water availability).

Using measurements from highly instrumented plots under three vegetation types in the shifting cultivation cycle in Madagascar's eastern rainforests (forest, tree fallow and degraded abandoned agricultural land), and infiltration measurements for the same vegetation types across the landscape, we explore the impacts of forest regeneration on the ecohydrological processes that underpin locally important ecosystem services.

Overland flow was minimal for the tree fallow (similar to the forest) and much lower than for the degraded land, likely leading to a lower risk of erosion and flooding compared to the degraded land. Conversely, evapotranspiration losses were lower for the tree fallow than the forest, leading to a higher net recharge, likely resulting in more streamflow between rainfall events.

These results demonstrate that young regenerating tropical forest vegetation can positively contribute to locally important hydrological ecosystem services. Allowing tree fallows to recover further is unlikely to further reduce the risk of overland flow but may, at least temporarily, result in less streamflow.

Synthesis and applications. Encouraging natural regeneration is increasingly seen as a cost‐effective way to deliver forest landscape restoration. Our data suggest that increasing the abundance of young secondary forest in the tropics, by increasing fallow lengths in the shifting cultivation cycle, could make a positive contribution to locally important hydrological ecosystem services (specifically reducing overland flow and therefore erosion and flooding, while maintaining streamflows). Such empirical understanding is needed to inform the models used for planning forest landscape restoration to maximize benefits to local communities.
Factors influencing adjudicative competence and length of time to restoration
Authors: Secarea Cristina M. , Cleary Sean D. , Candilis Philip J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFew studies on adjudicative competence explore the relationship between diagnosis, treatment, and restorability. Most focus on demographics and major psychiatric diagnosis with very few exploring the diagnoses common to the forensic population (i.e., personality disorders and substance abuse). Our study of 365 defendants who were incompetent to stand trial at a state psychiatric facility indicates that non‐restored defendants have a greater likelihood of cognitive disorders, misdemeanor charges, and histories of prior hospitalization, and less likelihood of personality disorders. In addition, the odds of having a substance use disorder and being medication non‐adherent was greater among restored defendants. The mean length of time to restoration (LOR) of 56 days was significantly different from the mean length of time to adjudication (LOA) for those not restored (88 days). This study supports prior literature on restorability while distinguishing those treated for psychosis from those treated for substance use and personality disorder. In its novel focus on medication adherence, the study expands the remediable factors available to clinical and forensic professionals and supports interventions that improve treatment and shorten the time to restoration.
Cognitive bias in forensic pathology decisions
Authors: Dror Itiel , Melinek Judy , Arden Jonathan L. , Kukucka Jeff , Hawkins Sarah , Carter Joye , Atherton Daniel S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractForensic pathologists’ decisions are critical in police investigations and court proceedings as they determine whether an unnatural death of a young child was an accident or homicide. Does cognitive bias affect forensic pathologists’ decision‐making? To address this question, we examined all death certificates issued during a 10‐year period in the State of Nevada in the United States for children under the age of six. We also conducted an experiment with 133 forensic pathologists in which we tested whether knowledge of irrelevant non‐medical information that should have no bearing on forensic pathologists’ decisions influenced their manner of death determinations. The dataset of death certificates indicated that forensic pathologists were more likely to rule "homicide" rather than "accident" for deaths of Black children relative to White children. This may arise because the base‐rate expectation creates an a priori cognitive bias to rule that Black children died as a result of homicide, which then perpetuates itself. Corroborating this explanation, the experimental data with the 133 forensic pathologists exhibited biased decisions when given identical medical information but different irrelevant non‐medical information about the race of the child and who was the caregiver who brought them to the hospital. These findings together demonstrate how extraneous information can result in cognitive bias in forensic pathology decision‐making.
An integrative review of comprehensive nursing assessment tools developed based on Gordon's Eleven Functional Health Patterns
Authors: Gengo e Silva Butcher Rita de Cassia , Jones Dorothy A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the content and psychometric properties of comprehensive nursing assessment tools developed based on The Eleven Functional Health Patterns Assessment Framework.MethodsAn integrative literature review following Whittemore and Knafl's method and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Searches on PubMed, Cinahl, and Virtual Health Library were conducted between September and December 2018.FindingsSix out of 146 records were included for review. Four articles were methodological studies and two were descriptive reports of the development of the tools. Tools were heterogenous in terms of their purpose, development, characteristics, and testing. Only one study provided data about construct validity. However, there were commonalities regarding the data that should be assessed in each tool.ConclusionsFew comprehensive nursing assessment tools using The Eleven Functional Health Patterns Assessment Framework are available. Purpose, process of development, characteristics, and testing varied among the tools, and most lack robust psychometric testing.Implications for nursing practiceThis review provided a synthesis of the literature regarding the use of a discipline‐specific framework to guide comprehensive nursing assessment. The differences across the tools and the lack of psychometric testing compromise the visibility of nursing and make it difficult to emphasize the contribution of nursing knowledge to patient care.
Oxytocin prevents cue‐induced reinstatement of oxycodone seeking: Involvement of DNA methylation in the hippocampus
Authors: Fan Xin‐Yu , Shi Guang , He Xiao‐Jing , Li Xin‐Yang , Wan Yu‐Xiao , Jian Ling‐Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOxycodone is one of the most commonly used analgesics in the clinic. However, long‐term use can contribute to drug dependence. Accumulating evidence of changes in DNA methylation after opioid relapse has provided insight into mechanisms underlying drug‐associated memory. The neuropeptide oxytocin is reported to be a potential treatment for addiction. The present study sought to identify changes in global and synaptic gene methylation after cue‐induced reinstatement of oxycodone conditioned place preference (CPP) and the effect of oxytocin. We analyzed hippocampal mRNA of synaptic genes and also synaptic density in response to oxycodone CPP. We determined the mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) and ten‐eleven translocations (Tets), observed global 5‐methylcytosine (5‐mC) and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5‐hmC) levels, and measured DNA methylation status of four synaptic genes implicated in learning and memory (Arc, Dlg1, Dlg4, and Syn1). Both synaptic density and the transcription of 15 hippocampal synaptic genes significantly increased following cue‐induced reinstatement of oxycodone CPP. Oxycodone relapse was also related to markedly decreased 5‐mC levels and decreased transcription of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b; in contrast, 5‐hmC levels and the transcription of Tet1 and Tet3 were increased. Oxycodone exposure induced DNA hypomethylation at the exons of the Arc, Dlg1, Dlg4, and Syn1 genes. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of oxytocin (2.5 μg/μl) specifically blocked oxycodone relapse, possibly by inhibition of Arc, Dlg1, Dlg4, and Syn1 hypomethylation in oxycodone‐treated rats. Together, these data indicate the occurrence of epigenetic changes in the hippocampus following oxycodone relapse and the potential role of oxytocin in oxycodone addiction.
Supporting smoking cessation and preventing relapse following a stay in a smoke‐free setting: a meta‐analysis and investigation of effective behaviour change techniques
Authors: Shoesmith Emily , Huddlestone Lisa , Lorencatto Fabiana , Shahab Lion , Gilbody Simon , Ratschen Elena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAdmission to a smoke‐free setting presents a unique opportunity to encourage smokers to quit. However, risk of relapse post‐discharge is high, and little is known about effective strategies to support smoking cessation following discharge. We aimed to identify interventions that maintain abstinence following a smoke‐free stay and determine their effectiveness, as well as the probable effectiveness of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in these interventions.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analyses of studies of adult smokers aged ≥ 18 years who were temporarily or fully abstinent from smoking to comply with institutional smoke‐free policies. Institutions included prison, inpatient mental health, substance misuse or acute hospital settings. A Mantel–Haenszel random‐effects meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using biochemically verified abstinence (7‐day point prevalence or continuous abstinence). BCTs were defined as ‘promising’ in terms of probable effectiveness (if BCT was present in two or more long‐term effective interventions) and feasibility (if BCT was also delivered in ≥ 25% of all interventions).ResultsThirty‐seven studies (intervention n = 9041, control n = 6195) were included: 23 RCTs (intervention n = 6593, control n = 5801); three non‐randomized trials (intervention n = 845, control n = 394) and 11 cohort studies (n = 1603). Meta‐analysis of biochemically verified abstinence at longest follow‐up (4 weeks–18 months) found an overall effect in favour of intervention [risk ratio (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.49, I2 = 42%]. Nine BCTs (including ‘pharmacological support’, ‘goal‐setting (behaviour)’ and ‘social support’) were characterized as ‘promising’ in terms of probable effectiveness and feasibility.ConclusionsA systematic review and meta‐analyses indicate that behavioural and pharmacological support is effective in maintaining smoking abstinence following a stay in a smoke‐free institution. Several behaviour change techniques may help to maintain smoking abstinence up to 18 months post‐discharge.