bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EU‐UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement – Exceptional Circumstances or a new Paradigm for EU External Relations?
Authors: Eckes Christina , Leino‐Sandberg Päivi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the final days of 2020, the European Union and the United Kingdom concluded a Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) covering a broad range of policy areas, including cooperation of law enforcement authorities and social security systems. The EU‐UK TCA is unique as concerns the circumstances of its negotiation and adoption, as well as its substance. However, contrary to the argument of the EU institutions, the agreement will have broad implications for the understanding of the EU's external competence and Member States’ ability to act in areas that are national competence and rely on national budgets. We are critical of the legitimacy of the TCA's conclusion process, consider that the lack of a deep constitutional analysis of the consequences of EU‐only conclusion of the TCA, and of the TCA itself, are problematic, and believe that the choices made are likely to create difficulties for the implementation and enforcement of the agreement.
Circ_0016760 accelerates non‐small‐cell lung cancer progression through miR‐646/AKT3 signaling in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Chen Shan , Zhou Long , Ran Ruizhi , Huang Jinqi , Zheng Yong , Xing Maohui , Cai Yanli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the prognosis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains dismal due to recurrence and metastasis. The purpose of our study was to explore the role of circular RNA_0016760 (circ_0016760) in NSCLC progression and its associated mechanism.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was implemented to measure the expression of circ_0016760, microRNA‐646 (miR‐646) and AK strain thymoma serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3). The protein level of AKT3 was examined by Western blot assay. Cell Counting Kit 8 assay, transwell assays, and flow cytometry were conducted to analyze cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interactions that were predicted by bioinformatics software (Circular RNA Interactome and TargetScan). A xenograft tumor model was built to investigate the role of circ_0016760 in vivo.ResultsCirc_0016760 and AKT3 were highly expressed in NSCLC tissue specimens and cell lines. Circ_0016760 interference suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Circ_0016760 interacted with miR‐646 and negatively regulated its expression. MiR‐646 silencing partly counteracted circ_0016760 knockdown‐mediated influences in NSCLC cells. MiR‐646 bound to the AKT3 3′ untranslated region in NSCLC cells, and miR‐646 overexpression‐induced effects in NSCLC cells were partly overturned by the addition of AKT3 overexpression plasmid. Circ_0016760 silencing reduced the expression of AKT3 through enhancing miR‐646 expression. Circ_0016760 knockdown suppressed NSCLC tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionCirc_0016760 played an oncogenic role to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion and restrained the apoptosis of NSCLC cells via miR‐646/AKT3 signaling.
Urinary tract infections in children: Testing a novel, noninvasive, point‐of‐care diagnostic marker
Authors: Lubell Tamar R. , Barasch Jonathan M. , King Benjamin , Ochs Julie B. , Fan Weijia , Duong Jimmy , Chitre Manasi , Dayan Peter S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesUrinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (uNGAL) appears highly accurate to identify urinary tract infections (UTIs) when obtained via catheterization. Our primary aim was to determine the agreement in uNGAL levels between paired catheter and bag urine specimens. Our secondary aim was to compare the diagnostic test characteristics of quantitative uNGAL, dipstick uNGAL (a potential point‐of‐care test), and urinalysis (UA).MethodsThis was a prospective study of febrile children < 24 months evaluated for UTIs. We evaluated quantitative uNGAL at a previously identified threshold of 39.1 ng/mL, dipstick uNGAL at its built‐in threshold of >50 ng/mL, and UA at standard thresholds for leukocyte esterase (LE). A positive urine culture was defined as >100,000 CFUs/mL of a pathogen.ResultsA total of 211 patients were included (10% with positive urine cultures); 116 had paired catheterized and bagged samples. The agreement between catheterized and bagged samples at a quantitative uNGAL cutoff of ≥39.1 ng/mL was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67 to 0.83) and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.68 to 0.84) at a uNGAL dipstick threshold of >50 ng/mL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for uNGAL from a catheterized sample was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89 to 1.00) compared to 0.93 (95% CI = 0.87 to –0.99) from a bagged sample. The sensitivities of catheterized sample quantitative and dipstick uNGAL (90.5%) were higher than UA at a LE threshold of ≥1+ (57.1%). Bagged‐sample uNGAL had lower quantitative and dipstick specificities (both 73.8%) than from catheterized samples (94.3% and 95.3% respectively), similar to UA.ConclusionsuNGAL from bagged and catheterized samples showed insufficient agreement to be used interchangeably. The low specificity of uNGAL from bagged samples suggests that sampling technique affects uNGAL levels.
Renal hemofiltration prevents metabolic acidosis and reduces inflammation during normothermic machine perfusion of the vascularized composite allograft: A preclinical study
Authors: Stone John P. , Amin Kavit R. , Geraghty Abbey , Kerr Jak , Shaw Matthew , Dabare Dilan , Wong Jason K. , Brough David , Entwistle Timothy R. , Montero‐Fernandez Angeles , Fildes James E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionRecent experimental evidence suggests normothermic machine perfusion of the vascularized composite allograft results in improved preservation compared to static cold storage, with less reperfusion injury in the immediate post‐operative period. However, metabolic acidosis is a common feature of vascularized composite allograft perfusion, primarily due to the inability to process metabolic by‐products. We evaluated the impact of combined limb‐kidney perfusion on markers of metabolic acidosis and inflammation in a porcine model.MethodsTen paired pig forelimbs were used for this study, grouped as either limb‐only (LO, n = 5) perfusion, or limb‐kidney (LK, n = 5) perfusion. Infrared thermal imaging was used to determine homogeneity of perfusion. Lactate, bicarbonate, base, pH, and electrolytes, along with an inflammatory profile generated via the quantification of cytokines and cell‐free DNA in the perfusate were recorded.ResultsThe addition of a kidney to a limb perfusion circuit resulted in the rapid stabilization of lactate, bicarbonate, base, and pH. Conversely, the LO circuit became progressively acidotic, correlating in a significant increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Global perfusion across the limb was more homogenous with LK compared to LO.ConclusionThe addition of a kidney during limb perfusion results in significant improvements in perfusate biochemistry, with no evidence of metabolic acidosis.
A comparison of child and adolescent psychiatry in the Far East, the Middle East, and Southeast Europe
Authors: Nielsen Martine Stecher , Clausen Carolyn E. , Hirota Tomoya , Kumperscak Hojka , Guerrero Anthony , Kaneko Hitoshi , Skokauskas Norbert 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite the high proportion of children and adolescents living in low‐ and middle‐income countries, 95% of all specialized child and adolescent mental health resources are located in high‐income countries. To strengthen child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), first it is necessary to complete an assessment of the available services and training programs to determine what is needed, particularly in regions with young populations, such as Southeast Europe, the Far East, and the Middle East. The aim of this article is to compare the status of child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) training programs and the workforce in CAMHS in three geographical regions, to identify similar problems, highlight success stories, and to make recommendations for future studies.MethodsThis study compared CAP training programs and CAMHS workforce using the World Psychiatric Association, CAP Section's regional studies data.ResultsThis study included data from 44 countries: 18 countries in the Far East, 15 countries in the Middle East, and 11 countries in Southeast Europe. There were significant differences both within, and between, the three included regions with regards to availability and infrastructure of CAP training programs. Besides Greece, all included countries reported the need for more child and adolescent psychiatrists and allied child and adolescent mental health professionals.DiscussionThere is an urgent need for more qualified child and adolescent psychiatrists and allied professionals in a very large group of countries in three different geographic regions with great differences in religion, culture, and economy.
Potential application of Fe‐methionine as a feed supplement on improving the quality of broilers breast meat
Authors: Behroozlak Mohammad Ali , Daneshyar Mohsen , Farhoomand Parviz , Nikoo Abbas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA total of 250 one‐day‐old Ross 308 male chicks were used to investigate the effects of Fe‐methionine (Fe‐met) and iron sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O) on performance, mineral concentration, meat quality, and oxidative stability of breast. The feeding experiment was performed with five dietary groups including group I (basal diet [BD] + 80 mg/kg FeSO4), group II (BD + 60 mg/kg FeSO4 + 20 mg/kg Fe‐met), group III (BD + 40 mg/kg FeSO4 + 40 mg/kg Fe‐met), group IV (BD + 20 mg/kg FeSO4 + 60 mg/kg Fe‐met), and group V (BD + 80 mg/kg Fe‐met). The results showed that Fe and Cu content in the breast muscle increased by dietary supplementation of organic and inorganic iron from II to V groups. Dietary groups of II, IV, and V increased L* value and b* value of breast meat. Additionally, redness of breast meat enhanced linearly and quadratically by dietary supplementation of 80 mg/kg Fe as FeSO4. In addition, dietary supplementation Fe from II to V groups led to a significant increase in pHu at 24‐h postmortem while it was negatively correlated with L* value of breast muscle. This study demonstrates that replacing FeSO4 with Fe‐Met could improve breast meat yield of broilers. Although 80 mg of Fe‐Met improved the iron content of meat, it showed detrimental effects on the lipid oxidation of breast meat.
Milk let‐down in goats can be influenced by the type of stimuli applied or to which goats are exposed during suckling and hand milking
Authors: González‐Quirino Teodulo , Delgadillo José Alberto , Flores José Alfredo , Vielma Jesús , Duarte Gerardo , Flores Manuel de Jesús , Terrazas Angélica , Zarazaga Luis Angel , Vargas‐Cruz Alexis Adrián , Avilés Ricardo , Hernández Horacio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present experiments on goats were conducted with the aim of verifying (a) whether the identity of the goat kids can affect the characteristics of milk let‐down during suckling (Study 1) and (b) whether the presence of the goat kids may improve the milk let‐down during hand milking (Study 2). In Study 1, 16 lactating goats with twins and 12 with single kids were used. Dams with single goat kids ejected more milk when suckling their kids at Days 5 and 20 of lactation, than when suckling aliens. Dams with twins ejected more milk when suckling their own kids than aliens only at Day 5 of lactation. Taking into account all the dams, they ejected more milk with more fat, protein, and lactose during suckling their own litter than when suckling aliens. In Study 2, when dams (n = 13) were hand milked in the presence of their own litter or in its absence, they ejected more milk with more fat, protein, and lactose than when milked in the presence of alien kids. We conclude that milk let‐down in goats can be influenced by the type of stimuli applied or to which they are exposed to during suckling and milking.
Impact of education on APOL1 testing attitudes among prospective living kidney donors
Authors: Nestor Jordan G. , Li Amber J. , King Kristen L. , Husain S. Ali , McIntosh Tristan J. , Sawinski Deirdre , Iltis Ana S. , Goodman Melody S. , Walsh Heidi A. , DuBois James M. , Mohan Sumit 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is unknown how providing prospective living donors with information about APOL1, including the benefits and drawbacks of testing, influences their desire for testing. In this study, we surveyed 102 participants with self‐reported African ancestry and positive family history of kidney disease, recruited from our nephrology waiting room. We assessed views on APOL1 testing before and after presentation of a set of potential benefits and drawbacks of testing and quantified the self‐reported level of influence individual benefits and drawbacks had on participants’ desire for testing in the proposed context of living donation. The majority of participants (92%) were aware of organ donation and more than half (56%) had considered living donation. And though we found no significant change in response following presentation of the potential benefits and the drawbacks of APOL1 testing by study end significance, across all participants, “becoming aware of the potential risk of kidney disease among your immediate family” was the benefit with the highest mean influence (3.3±1.4), while the drawback with the highest mean influence (2.9±1.5) was “some transplant centers may not allow you to donate to a loved one”. This study provides insights into the priorities of prospective living donors and suggests concern for how the information affects family members may strongly influence desires for testing. It also highlights the need for greater community engagement to gain a deeper understanding of the priorities that influence decision making on APOL1 testing.
Predictors of early and late mortality after the treatment for early gastric cancers
Authors: Ogata Yohei , Hatta Waku , Ohara Yuki , Koike Tomoyuki , Abe Hiroko , Saito Masahiro , Jin Xiaoyi , Kanno Takeshi , Uno Kaname , Asano Naoki , Imatani Akira , Yamamura Akihiro , Tanaka Naoki , Kamei Takashi , Unno Michiaki , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakaya Naoki , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesAlthough many patients with early gastric cancers (EGCs) die of non‐gastric cancer‐related causes, the association of the risk categories of lymph node metastasis (LNM) with all‐cause mortality remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the predictors of early and late mortality, separately.MethodsPatients with endoscopic resection or gastrectomy for EGCs between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. We analyzed predictors for early and late mortality, including risk categories of LNM, treatment method, and nine non‐cancer‐related indices, separately, with a cut‐off value of 3 years.ResultsWe enrolled 1439 patients with a median follow‐up period of 79 months. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 86.8%. In the multivariate Cox analysis, the most important predictors for early and late mortality were age ≥85 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.88 and 4.54, respectively) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status ≥2 (HR 3.00 and 4.19, respectively). Charlson comorbidity index ≥2 (HR 2.76 and 1.99, respectively), American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status ≥3 (HR 2.35 and 1.79, respectively), and C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio ≥0.028 (HR 2.30 and 1.58, respectively) were also predictors for both early and late mortality. Male (HR 2.26), intermediate‐ (HR 2.12)/high‐risk (HR 1.85) of LNM in eCura system, and sarcopenia evaluated by the psoas muscle mass index (HR 1.70) were predictors for early mortality.ConclusionThe combined assessment of multiple predictors might help to predict early and/or late mortality in patients with EGCs. The eCura system was associated with early mortality.
Unmet support needs relating to hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes: Results of a multi‐country web‐based qualitative study
Authors: Chatwin Hannah , Broadley Melanie , Hendrieckx Christel , Carlton Jill , Heller Simon , Amiel Stephanie A. , de Galan Bastiaan E. , Hermanns Norbert , Finke‐Groene Katharina , Speight Jane , Pouwer Frans ,   the Hypo‐RESOLVE Consortium
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveHypoglycaemic episodes and fear of hypoglycaemia can be burdensome for adults with type 1 diabetes. This study explored support needs relating to hypoglycaemia among adults with type 1 diabetes living in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.Research design and methodsRespondents participated in a web‐based qualitative study involving four open‐ended questions that asked what they wished other people understood about hypoglycaemia and what other people could do differently to support them with hypoglycaemia. Responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants were 219 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean ± SD age 39 ± 13 years; mean ± SD diabetes duration 20 ± 14 years). They described unmet needs relating to: (1)Clinical support, involving access to new diabetes technologies, training on hypoglycaemia prevention, personalised care and psychological support; (2)Practical support, involving family and friends better supporting them with hypoglycaemia management and prevention; (3)Education for other people, involving others becoming more informed about hypoglycaemia; and (4)An appreciation of the burden, involving others recognizing the experience and impact of episodes, and the burden of living with the risk of hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsAdults with type 1 diabetes report several unmet support needs relating to hypoglycaemia. Service delivery should be person‐centred and prioritise the individual's support needs. Clinical conversations are needed to identify the individual's support needs and develop tailored support plans. People with diabetes and their family members should be offered hypoglycaemia‐specific education and training.
Science education and labor market outcomes in a developing economy
Authors: Jain Tarun , Mukhopadhyay Abhiroop , Prakash Nishith , Rakesh Raghav 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe examine the association between studying science in higher secondary school and labor market earnings in India. Studying science in high school is associated with 22% greater earnings than studying business or humanities. Earnings for science students are further enhanced with some fluency in English. Science education is also associated with more years of education, completing a professional degree, returns to entrepreneurship and working in public sector positions. Primary survey of high school students shows no discernible differences in behavioral characteristics of science students compared to others.
Human wildtype tau expression in cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurons is sufficient to produce PSP‐like behavioural deficits and neuropathology
Authors: King Gabriella , Veros Kaliana M. , MacLaren Duncan Archibald Allan , Leigh Martin Peter Konrad , Spernyak Joseph A. , Clark Stewart D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProgressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is the most common atypical parkinsonism and exhibits hallmark symptomology including motor function impairment and dysexecutive dementia. In contrast to Parkinson's disease, the underlying pathology displays aggregation of the protein tau, which is also seen in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Currently, there are no pharmacological treatments for PSP, and drug discovery efforts are hindered by the lack of an animal model specific to PSP. Based on previous results and clinical pathology, it was hypothesized that viral deposition of tau in cholinergic neurons within the hindbrain would produce a tauopathy along neural connections to produce PSP‐like symptomology and pathology. By using a combination of ChAT‐CRE rats and CRE‐dependent AAV vectors, wildtype human tau (the PSP‐relevant 1N4R isoform; hTau) was expressed in hindbrain cholinergic neurons. Compared to control subjects (GFP), rats with tau expression displayed deficits in a variety of behavioural paradigms: acoustic startle reflex, marble burying, horizontal ladder and hindlimb motor reflex. Postmortem, the hTau rats had significantly reduced number of cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmentum and dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons, as well as abnormal tau deposits. This preclinical model has multiple points of convergence with the clinical features of PSP, some of which distinguish between PSP and Parkinson's disease.
Repeated ethanol exposure following avoidance conditioning impairs avoidance extinction and modifies conditioning‐associated prefrontal dendritic changes in a mouse model of post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Lguensat Asmae , Boudjafad Zineb , Giorla Elodie , Bennis Mohamed , Baunez Christelle , Garcia René , Ba‐M'hamed Saadia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTreatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder is complicated by the presence of alcohol use disorder comorbidity. Little is known about the underlying brain mechanisms. We have recently shown, in mice, that the post‐traumatic stress disorder‐like phenotype is characterised by the increase and decrease in total dendritic number and length in the prelimbic and infralimbic areas of the medial prefrontal cortex, respectively. Here, we examined whether repeated ethanol exposure would exacerbate these changes and whether this would be associated with difficulty to extinguish passive avoidance behaviour, as an indicator of treatment resistance. We also analysed whether other known trauma‐associated changes, like increased or decreased corticosterone and decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels, would also be exacerbated. Male mice underwent trauma exposure (1.5‐mA footshock), followed, 8 days later, by a conditioned place preference training with ethanol. Tests for fear sensitization, passive avoidance, anxiety‐like behaviour, extinction acquisition and relapse susceptibility were used to assess behaviour changes. Plasma corticosterone and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels and prefrontal dendritic changes were subsequently measured. Trauma‐susceptible mice exposed to ethanol acquired a strong place preference and behaved differently from those not exposed to ethanol, with delayed avoidance extinction and higher avoidance relapse vulnerability. Ethanol potentiated trauma‐associated dendritic changes in the prelimbic area and suppressed trauma‐associated dendritic changes in the infralimbic area. However, ethanol had no effect on trauma‐induced increased corticosterone and decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels. These data suggest that the modification of prefrontal trauma‐related changes, due to alcohol use, can characterise, and probably support, treatment‐resistant post‐traumatic stress disorder.