bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of NQO1 levels and its genetic polymorphism with susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Wei , Deng Xiao‐Dong , Ma Ying , Liu Yun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene was involved in the pathophysiological process of illicit drugs abuse, and its polymorphisms might be associated with methamphetamine (METH) dependence susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to examine the NQO1 mRNA and protein levels and to analyze the 609C/T polymorphism (rs1800566) between METH‐dependent patients and controls.MethodsA total of 392 METH‐dependent patients (cases) and 669 healthy controls (controls) were enrolled in the study. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the relative expressions of NQO1 mRNA in PBMCs and protein levels in plasma, respectively. PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP‐PCR) and direct‐sequencing genotyping were used to detect the alleles and genotypes of NQO1 609C/T polymorphism.ResultsThe levels of NQO1 mRNA in cases (3.2650 ± 2.2943) was significantly higher than in controls (1.0125 ± 0.7959) (p < 0.001), the plasma protein in cases (0.2368 ± 0.1486) was significantly lower than in controls (0.5844 ± 0.1742) (p < 0.001). The T allele of the 609C/T polymorphism significantly increased the risk of METH dependence (p = 0.032, OR = 1.214, 95%CI = 1.017–1.450). The TC and TC/TT genotypes of 609C/T were observed significantly more frequently in cases than in controls, respectively (TC vs CC: p = 0.012, OR = 1.457, 95% CI = 1.087–1.952; TC/TT vs CC: p = 0.008, OR = 1.460, 95% CI = 1.102–1.935). Similar results were obtained after adjusting for age and sex. We failed to find that any genotype of 609C/T polymorphism affected the mRNA or plasma protein levels in controls, respectively (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe findings suggested that NQO1 might play an important role in the pathophysiological process of METH dependence, and the 609C/T polymorphism might contribute to the susceptibility to METH dependence in a Chinese Han population.
Labor‐ und Produktionsdaten: Integer bleiben
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEs gibt Programme, die bei Datentransfer und ‐verarbeitung Manipulationen und Erpressung verhindern. Wie sich Datenintegrität durchgängig vom Labor bis zur Auswertung für Forschung, Analytik und Produktion sichern lässt.
Made in Japan: Moonshot program for human well‐being
Authors: Schmid Rolf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJapan has a long tradition in cooperative programs. Usually these are down‐to‐earth, sintered through many rounds of expert discussions that have resulted in a consensus, which is formalised in an affidavit carrying the personal stamp signatures of the participants. Such group‐centered endeavours for kaizen, continuous improvements made step by step, have often resulted in flawlessly perfect products.
Gewässerschutz: Chemische Reinigungsverfahren
Authors: Miller Markus , Osterland Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMikroplastik lässt sich zentral in einer Kläranlage entfernen, bevor es in weitere Gewässer und etwa aus marinen Ökosystemen in den menschlichen Körper gelangt. Welche Verfahren wie funktionieren und woran noch zu forschen ist.
The chemical sciences and the quest for sustainability
Authors: Hopf Henning , Krief Alain , Mehta Goverdhan , Matlin Stephen A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTwo years into the "decade of action“ to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals set by the UN in 2015, how much has been accomplished, and how well is chemistry performing in its intertwined goals of enhancing sustainability and reforming itself?
Oral corticosteroid dosage and clinical presentation of psychiatric conditions after steroid use: A consultation‐liaison psychiatry service’s experience
Authors: Yagi Yuko , Takahashi Yusuke , Ogata Yu , Yamana Hayato , Kumakura Yousuke , Ichihashi Kayo , Kasai Kiyoto , Kondo Shinsuke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimPsychiatric disturbances are the major adverse effects of corticosteroids. There are no consistent conclusions regarding changes in steroid dosage and the incidence of psychiatric conditions, due in part to the lack of consistent evaluation criteria. The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence and dose‐dependency of psychiatric conditions as assessed by trained psychiatrists.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at a university hospital in Japan. We identified inpatients receiving oral prednisolone treatment, who were referred to the consultation‐liaison psychiatry team from April 2015 to March 2018. Patients were divided into high‐dose (≥0.5 mg/kg/day) and low‐dose (<0.5 mg/kg/day) groups. We investigated the associations between steroid dosage and incidence of psychiatric conditions.ResultsA total of 93 patients (35 in the high‐dose group, 58 in the low‐dose group) were included. Various psychiatric conditions, such as insomnia, delirium, depression, and psychosis, occurred during steroid therapy. The most common condition was insomnia (72%). We observed no significant differences in the patient background characteristics and the incidence of most psychiatric conditions between the high‐dose and low‐dose groups. However, there were more patients with delirium in the low‐dose group than in the high‐dose group.ConclusionsBased on the accurate assessment of psychiatric conditions by psychiatrists, our analysis suggests that, among inpatients referred to a consultation‐liaison psychiatry team, the incidence of psychiatric conditions, with the exception of delirium, is independent of the dose of oral prednisolone.
Schwarze Löcher und andere Mysterien
Authors: Ohme Frank 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit 2015 wurden in bisher drei Beobachtungsläufen periodische Raumzeitkrümmungen von großen Laserinterferometern gemessen. Das Ergebnis: Fünfzig Gravitationswellensignale konnten in den Daten gefunden werden, die jeweils vom Umkreisen und Verschmelzen von kompakten Doppelsystemen ausgelöst wurden. Zwei dieser beobachteten Systeme bestanden dabei aus Neutronensternen, die anderen Signale entstammen der Verschmelzung von Schwarzen Löchern. Durch diese Messungen wird ein bisher kaum zugänglicher Bereich des Universums nach und nach sichtbar. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass auch in Zukunft die Signale vieler verschmelzender Schwarzer Löcher, die jeweils 10 bis 40 Sonnenmassen schwer sind, den Großteil der Beobachtungen ausmachen werden. Allerdings hat der erst kürzlich analysierte Beobachtungslauf auch einige überraschende Messungen beinhaltet. Doppelsysteme, in denen die Masse nicht symmetrisch auf beide Partner verteilt ist, wurden erstmals beobachtet und ihr „Klang“ inklusive Obertöne analysiert. In zumindest einem Fall (GW190814) kann das kleine Objekt im System nicht zweifelsfrei identifiziert werden. Bei GW190521 sind die Schwarzen Löcher dagegen so massereich, dass deren Entstehung Rätsel aufgibt. Weitere Beobachtungsläufe, ebenso wie neuartige Gravitationswelleninstrumente, sind für die Zukunft geplant und werden weitere Einsichten zur Zusammensetzung, Entwicklung und Entstehung des Universums liefern.
Ubiquitiform Hotspot Ignition Model of PBX for Shock Initiation
Authors: Liu Chun , Ou Zhuo Cheng , Duan Zhuo Ping , Huang Feng Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a ubiquitiform hotspot ignition model with cross‐scale characteristics is proposed to describe the ignition stage of PBX, which can account for heterogeneous effects. Firstly, a ubiquitiform model of hotspot intensity is obtained. The model can describe the hotspot information after PBX is impacted. In which, a hotspot distribution model based on the nested ubiquitiform model of explosives is used to characterize geometric properties of hotspot, including the size and location of hotspot; and the Weibull statistical distribution function is used to describe the distribution of hotspot intensity. Then, combining the ubiquitiform model of hotspot intensity with Arrhenius model, the ubiquitiform hotspot ignition model is developed to characterize the ignition stage of PBX. Finally, it is found that the equivalent reaction rate constants calculated by our ignition model are in good agreement with the previous experimental data.
Cover Image, Volume 77, Issue 10
Authors: Liu Tiansheng , Zhan Xue , Yu Yuan , Wang Shaozhen , Lu Cong , Lin Guifang , Zhu Xiangyu , He Weiyi , You Minsheng , You Shijun 
Published: September 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Article Molecular and pharmacological characterization of biogenic amine receptors from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella by Tiansheng Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6481.image
Residential segregation by educational status in Turkey, 2013: Examining the association with political preferences
Authors: Friedman Samantha , Kurtulus Aysenur , Koç Ismet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNo research has examined the association between political preferences and residential segregation by educational status. In Turkey, affective polarisation is very high and warrants an examination of whether political preferences are associated with educational residential segregation. This study uses data on Turkey from the 2013 Address‐Population Based Registry, the 2011 Census of Population and Housing and voting archives maintained by the Supreme Election Council to examine residential segregation by educational status across the nation's 81 provinces. We find that the segregation between groups at the ends of the educational distribution is the highest. Those with college education are segregated at a moderate level from those with no schooling and a primary‐school education. High‐school graduates are moderately segregated from those with no schooling. Multivariate analyses reveal that political preferences are significantly associated with educational segregation. The implications of this spatial distancing are discussed for Turkey and other politically polarised societies.
Comparison of isotope ratio mass spectrometry and cavity ring‐down spectroscopy procedures and precision of the doubly labeled water method in different physiological specimens
Authors: Sagayama Hiroyuki , Racine Natalie M. , Shriver Timothy C. , Schoeller Dale A. 
Published: September 2021

RationaleThis study determines if saliva collection procedures for the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, used for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE), are comparable to urine and plasma collection. Both the cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analyses techniques are compared.MethodsSaliva specimens were collected from participants for the DLW method. The specimens were collected under different conditions: after consumption of tap water, after chewing gum, and during exposure to conditions of high and low relative humidity. The isotopes in saliva were compared with simultaneous plasma and urine collection. TEE calculated from saliva and analyzed using CRDS was compared to that of plasma analyzed using IRMS.ResultsThe within‐individual variances were not significantly different between the saliva specimens (0.4‰) and plasma (0.3‰). After the oral dose of DLW, the saliva specimens displayed a shorter equilibration time to urine. When participants consumed 500 mL of tap water, the enrichment of saliva specimens reached a new plateau value faster than urine. Saliva collection exposed to high ambient humidity conditions was slightly less enriched as compared to low‐humidity conditions while urine enrichment was unaffected. In contrast, whereas the within‐individual effects of gum chewing during saliva collection on 18O were unaffected, the abundance of 2H in saliva was slightly lower after chewing the gum. The within‐individual difference between TEE calculated from saliva and that calculated from plasma analyzed using IRMS did not differ from zero, and the standard deviation was not different from that predicted by a propagation of error analysis based on analytical error alone.ConclusionsOur findings support using saliva specimens for the DLW method. The analysis of plasma and urine, however, requires reducing the memory effect resulting from contaminants. Also, it should be performed in a manner that minimizes exposure to air where specimens may be exposed to evaporation or contamination from water vapor during sampling.
Evaluation of a geomorphic instream flow tool for conducting hydraulic‐habitat modelling
Authors: Gronsdahl Stefan , McParland Dan , Eaton Brett , Moore R. Dan , Rosenfeld Jordan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConventional hydraulic‐habitat modelling methods are time‐consuming to implement. In response to repeated calls for more efficient and practical approaches, researchers have developed a geomorphic instream‐flow tool (GIFT) that combines a method to simulate reach‐averaged hydraulics at flows less than bankfull and depth and velocity frequency distributions to develop streamflow‐fish habitat relationships. This approach requires fewer resources to implement than conventional methods, but it has not been widely adopted because it has been subject to minimal testing and validation. This study evaluates the performance of GIFT by comparing its outputs to empirical measurements and conventional model outputs from eight rivers in western North America. The results of this comparison indicate that the root mean square errors for average depth and velocity were 0.078 m and 0.047 m/s, respectively, and the fit of modelled depth and velocity frequency distributions was satisfactory (index of agreement >0.9) for 11 of 15 surveys for depth and 12 of 15 surveys for velocity. GIFT‐derived fish habitat‐streamflow relationships peaked at lower flows than benchmark relationships in smaller streams (mean annual discharge [MAD] < 0.15 m3/s) and are markedly differed from the benchmark in the largest river (MAD of 87 m3/s). GIFT was also paired with a geomorphic regime model to predict the direction of changes in channel morphology and fish habitat following forest harvesting in one watershed. GIFT provides an alternative to conventional modelling approaches for single‐thread, gravel‐bed rivers with a MAD of around 15 m3/s or less. Application of this technique outside of these bounds, or in other regions should proceed with caution, as these scenarios have not been tested.
Domino Synthesis of Bis Phenyl Pyrazolone Piperidinium Salt Derivatives
Authors: Prabhakaran Srinivasan , Velmathi Sivan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of bis phenyl pyrazolone piperidinium salt derivatives from the reaction between an aromatic aldehyde, 3‐methyl‐5‐phenyl pyrazolone and piperidine in ethanol is described here. The reaction seemed to proceed via Knoevenagel condensation followed by hydrogen bond formation to give the organic salt as the sole product. Piperidine acted as both, the reactant and the catalyst. The products were formed in good yields for different aldehydes containing electron withdrawing and electron donating groups. The reaction proceeded in mild conditions, in short reaction time and the products were isolated without the use of column chromatography. The products were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques such as FT‐IR, 1H, 13C & DEPT 135‐NMR and HR‐MS.
Fabrication of Pd@ZnNi‐MOF/GO Nanocomposite and Its Application for H2O2 Detection and Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dyes
Authors: Su Ce , Wang Bangxian , Li Siliang , Wie Yunbiao , Wang Qingli , Li Dongjian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractZnNi‐MOF/GO hybrid with layered structures were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. We use ZnNi‐MOF/GO as the support material for Pd nanoparticles, and synthesize a highly active Pd@ZnNi‐MOF/GO nanocomposite. The structure, morphology and composition of the nanocomposite were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, Pd@ZnNi‐MOF/GO nanocomposite can be called a nanozyme with peroxidase‐like activity, the nanocomposite was applied for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dyes. The nanocomposite showed the high peroxidase‐like activity towards 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with a visual color change in the presence of H2O2. The nanocomposite also showed the good catalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue dyes. The nanocomposite has the advantages of convenient preparation, good stability, and excellent reproducibility. Hence, Pd@ZnNi‐MOF/GO is a promising catalyst with wide application.
Structure and Property of Pesticide Intercalation into Laponite Assisted by Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Liu Jiexiang , Hao Xiang , Zhang Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe APTES‐LAP was first prepared by silane coupling agent of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) intercalation into laponite (LAP). The effect of m(APTES)/m(LAP) mass ratio and reaction time on the structure of APTES‐LAP were investigated. The results showed that the interlayer distance of APTES‐LAP was about 1.75∼1.89 nm as the mass ratio of m(APTES)/m(LAP) was between 0.5 and 2.0, reaction time was 24 h. Then, pesticides of beta‐cypermethrin (BCT) and imidacloprid (IMP) were separately introduced into APTES‐LAP to prepare BCT/APTES‐LAP and IMP/APTES‐LAP composites. Their structures and thermal stabilities were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetry/differen‐tial thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), hydrogen magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Compared with APTES‐LAP, the first diffraction peaks of BCT/APTES‐LAP and IMP/APTES‐LAP moved forward, and interlayer distance increased to about 2.2 nm. The existence of APTES and pesticide were further confirmed in the gallery. Furthermore, the release behaviors of pesticide from BCT/APTES‐LAP and IMP/APTES‐LAP in pH 5.0 and 6.8 buffer solutions were investigated and discussed. The pseudo‐second‐order and the parabolic diffusion models were used to fit the release data. This work was helpful to develop the application of composites in pesticide controlled release formulation.
Spectrophotometric Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigation of Chlorpromazine Radical Cation with Hexachloroiridate (IV) in Catalyzed Aqueous Acid Medium
Authors: Sailani Riya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe kinetic mechanism of oxidation of Chlorpromazine (CPZ) (2‐chloro‐10‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) phenothiazine) by hexachloroiridate (IV) in acidic aqueous medium has been studied spectrophotometrically using UV‐visible spectrophotometer at λmax 525 nm (ϵ, 10200 dm3 mol−1 cm−1). The title reaction is overall second order being first order with respect to each reactant, but to be complicated at higher substrate concentrations. Oxidant has been found as strong electron transfer species to the formation of chlorpromazine radical cation and further respected sulfoxide. The rate also increases with increasing concentration of hydrogen ion and reaction is catalyzed by perchlorate medium. The oxidation is unaffected to variation in ionic strength. Various proposals have been suggested on the basis of reactivity of Ir[IV] and radical cation species. The activation parameters have been evaluated by employing Eyring equation. The oxidation product of CPZ has been confirmed spectrally and a suitable mechanism has been proposed.
Nitrogen‐rich melamine cyanurate derived hollow porous carbon microspheres prepared through CuCl2 activation for VOCs adsorption
Authors: Ren Yadong , Liu Baogen , Guo Yang , Yu Lingyun , Xu Xiang , Ma Xiancheng , Shi Rui , Sheng Peng , Zeng Zheng , Li Liqing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐enriched porous carbon material with large specific surface area is of great demand in various applications. Herein, CuCl2 is adapted as a mild activator to transform the mixture of soybean meal and melamine cyanurate into a novel type of nitrogen‐enriched hollow porous carbon microspheres with well‐defined hierarchically structure. Excitingly, this mild activation agent not only helps generating porous structure, but also helps increasing the nitrogen content (mainly pyrrolic‐N) of products. The product NPC‐800‐4 exhibits the highest specific surface area (1672.45 m2 g−1) while a pretty high nitrogen content (13.09 at%). The NPC‐800‐4 sample performs the largest toluene and acetone adsorption capacity (818.46 mg g−1 and 758.87 mg g−1 respectively). Furthermore, Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the introduction of nitrogen functional groups can heighten the polarity of carbon framework and the electrostatic interaction, thus enhance the acetone adsorption capacity.
Grain Boundary Design of Solid Electrolyte Actualizing Stable All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Sun Zheng , Zhao Yongjie , Wang Boyu , Shao Changxiang , Sun Chen , Zhao Yang , Li Jingbo , Jin Haibo , Qu Liangti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAdvanced inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) are critical for all‐solid‐state alkaline metal batteries with high safety and high energy densities. A new interphase design to address the urgent interfacial stability issues against all‐solid‐state sodium metal batteries (ASSMBs) is proposed. The grain boundary phase of a Mg2+‐doped Na3Zr2Si2PO12 conductor (denoted as NZSP‐xMg) is manipulated to introduce a favorable Na3−2δMgδPO4‐dominant interphase which facilitates its intimate contact with Na metal and works as an electron barrier to suppress Na metal dendrite penetration into the electrolyte bulk. The optimal NZSP‐0.2Mg electrolyte endows a low interfacial resistance of 93 Ω cm2 at room temperature, over 16 times smaller than that of Na3Zr2Si2PO12. The Na plating/stripping with small polarization is retained under 0.3 mA cm‐2 for more than 290 days (7000 h), representing a record high cycling stability of SEs for ASSMBs. An all‐solid‐state NaCrO2//Na battery is accordingly assembled manifesting a high capacity of 110 mA h g‐1 at 1 C for 1755 cycles with almost no capacity decay. Excellent rate capability at 5 C is realized with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%, signifying promising application in solid‐state electrochemical energy storage systems.
The Importance of Internationalization Today and the Leadership Role of IAU
Authors: Gacel-Ávila Jocelyne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince its creation back in the fifties, the International Association of Universities (IAU) has been consistently fostering a set of academic values and principles to frame higher education institutions’ mission and institutional practices, such as academic freedom, institutional autonomy, social responsibility, cooperation, solidarity, tolerance, equity in access, open access to knowledge, scientific integrity, ethical behaviour, and quality in learning, research and outreach. These principles are most valuable in a world where globalization and the global economy paradigm have triggered fierce competition among universities for prestige, talent and financial resources at the global level. This is encouraged by global rankings, provoking tensions with universities’ national missions and putting at risk the values of inclusion, solidarity and local social commitments. Besides causing increased inequality and tensions in social cohesion, as well as the rise of new trends of nationalism and populism within countries, globalization has provoked geopolitical tensions and boosted a wider division between the Global North and the Global South.