bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lane Line Detection System Based on Improved Yolo V3 Algorithm
Authors: Ji Gaoqing , Zheng Yunchang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and poor real-time performance of Yolo v3 algorithm in lane detection, a lane detection system based on improved Yolo v3 algorithm is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of inconsistent vertical and horizontal distribution density of lane line pictures, the lane line pictures are divided into s * 2S grids; Secondly, the detection scale is adjusted to four detection scales, which is more suitable for small target detection such as lane line; Thirdly, the convolution layer in the original Yolo v3 algorithm is adjusted from 53 layers to 49 layers to simplify the network; Finally, the parameters such as cluster center distance and loss function are improved. The experimental results show that when using the improved detection algorithm for lane line detection, the average detection accuracy map value is 92.03% and the processing speed is 48 fps.Compared with the original Yolo v3 algorithm, it is significantly improved in detection accuracy and real-time performance.
Fabrication of GO/PAN Nanofiber Membrane Grafted With Chitosan As Efficient Adsorbent For Dye Removal
Authors: Lu Yanran , Zhang Wen , Wang Mei , Zhang Hua , Li Jiahui , Luo Wenhao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The adsorption is widely used to remove dyes from wastewater because of its low cost, simple preparation, and environmental friendliness. However, the existing adsorbents suffer from difficult recycling, inconvenient use, and low regeneration rate. In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and graphene oxide (GO) was mixed for electrospinning GO/PAN nanofiber membrane and then chitosan (CS) was grafted to obtain CS-GO/PAN nanofiber membrane. CS-GO/PAN membrane were characterized with FE-SEM, EDX, FT-IR and, WCA. The effects of membrane types, dosage, solution pH on the removal of dye sunset yellow (SY) were systematically investigated. The results showed that more than 80% of SY were removed within 15 min at pH 2 using 100 mg CS-GO/PAN membrane. Adsorption kinetic data were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model and adsorption equilibrium achieved within 240 min. The isotherm study followed the Langmuir model with the actual maximum adsorption capacity of 211.54 mg/g. After 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption efficiency and the desorption efficiency of CS-GO/PAN were over 90% and 93%, respectively. Moreover, the membrane recovered easily from the water while its integrity was still maintained. The CS-GO/PAN membrane demonstrates the virtue of high adsorption capacity, easy operation, and good reusability, which could be considered as a promising material for adsorbing dyes in wastewater.
Analysis of a Two-Year Independent Screening Effort for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Rural Egypt
Authors: Tawfik Sara , Mansour Ahmed , Selim Norhan Lotfy , Habib Ahmed M. , Fouad Yousef A. , Tawfik Mohamed A. , Al-Feky Mariam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The third epidemic of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has majorly involved middle income countries in which tailored screening and local guidelines require development. The data regarding ROP prevalence and cutoff numbers for screening in Egypt are lacking.Methods: Retrospective analysis of an independent screening effort spanning 2 years and involving 32 neonatal care units within Sharkia governorate, Egypt. Infants of gestational age (GA) ≤ 34 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) ≤ 2000 g were included, as well as those with unstable clinical course. Two eyecare centers located in Sharkia and Cairo governorates served as referral centers for any required interventions.Results: Of the 276 screened infants, 133 (48.19%) had some form of ROP that was bilateral in 127 (95.49%) of them. Aggressive posterior ROP (AP-ROP) was detected in both eyes of 24 infants (8.7%). The median (IQR) GA of infants with ROP was 32 (30 - 34) weeks, and the median (IQR) BW was 1600 (1350 - 2000) g. Sixty-three infants (47.37%) required treatment. Of the total 84 eyes that were treated, 73 (86.9%) received intravitreal ranibizumab, 8 (9.52%) underwent laser ablation therapy, and 3 eyes (3.57%) underwent surgery. Primary outcome was favorable in 83 eyes (98.81%). Applying the American Academy criteria would have led to the missing of 36.84% of infants with ROP and 28.57% of those requiring treatment in our sample.Conclusion: The incidence of both ROP and AP-ROP in the Egyptian rural setting appears to be in the high end of global reported rates. Prevention measures should urgently be planned and implemented.
Optimization of Electrodeposition Time on the Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films for Thin Film Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Shafi Muhammad Aamir , Bouich Amal , Khan Laiq , Ullah Hanif , Guaita Julia Mari , Ullah Shafi , Soucase Bernabe Mari 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Electrochemical deposition was used to create a quaternary CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) kesterite thin layer. An aqueous solution of CZTS was used to deposit a thin layer over Indium Tin Oxide. The effects of deposition time (variation) on CZTS thin films under ambient conditions were investigated in this study. Several available characterization systems were used to study the samples as they were produced. The polycrystalline description of the layer is inveterate by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM as well as AFM study show that deposition time improved surface morphology and topography of CZTS thin films which increase several nm in grain size. Furthermore, depending upon the deposition duration, the optical study reveals an acceptable bandgap in a range of 1.44 to 1.71 eV. Characteristics of high-quality CZTS absorber layers for solar cell applications are discovered to be affected by deposition time variation. To check the effect of this bandgap variation (1.44 to 1.71 eV) on the performance of a CZTS based thin film solar cell, a simulation software SCAPS-1D is being used.
Analysis: An intrinsic viral cycle
Authors: Mitchell Ross , Zhang Jinhai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most significant events in modern human history. It is ongoing and any means that can be used to understand its dynamics is critical for mitigating its harmful effects. Most COVID-19 studies are justifiably biologically oriented. Nonetheless, given the wealth of data that are available, COVID-19 can also be studied from a mere signal processing perspective. Recent reports in the news have discussed a putative 2-month cycle in COVID-19 cases, which prompted us to conduct a rigorous time series analysis. Our analysis indeed finds strong evidence for cyclicity, but the period is more like 4 months and a long-term modulation of its amplitude is also present. These quantitative results imply that “waves” in pandemics are controlled by an intrinsic viral cycle and knowing this can be used to predict and prepare for them.
Applied causal inference methods for sequential mediators
Authors: Popovic Maja , Richiardi Lorenzo , Scelo Ghislaine , Fasanelli Francesca , Heude Barbara , Zugna Daniela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mediation analysis aims at estimating to what extent the effect of an exposure on an outcome is explained by a set of mediators on the causal pathway between the exposure and the outcome. In this context, the total effect of the exposure on the outcome can be decomposed into the natural indirect effect, i.e. the effect explained by the mediators jointly, and the natural direct effect, i.e. the effect unexplained by the mediators. However finer decompositions are also possible in presence of independent or sequential mediators. As sequential mediation analysis is increasingly common in epidemiology, applied researchers have to interface with difficulties related to the application, implementation, and interpretation of the methods pro- posed in literature. We review four statistical methods to analyse multiple sequential mediators, all based on the counterfactual framework: the inverse odds ratio weight- ing approach, the inverse probability weighting approach, the imputation approach and the extended imputation approach. These approaches are described, compared and implemented using a case-study with the aim to investigate the role of adverse reproductive outcomes and infant respiratory infections on infant wheezing in the Ninfea birth cohort.
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY: EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN – CHARTING THE FUTURE
Authors: Dolhan Haili , Ishak Naimah 
Published: October 2021

Upon gaining independence from the British colonial occupation in 1957, Malaysia believes that education is instrumental to the development of the nation’s economy. Thus, educational development in Malaysia is based upon increasing access to education, increasing equity in education, increasing quality in education and improving efficiency and effectiveness of education management.
Secondly, the development of education in Malaysia reflects the multifaceted role it assumes in creating a progressive and united Malaysian society towards enhancing the quality of the lives of our children and generations to come.
Hence, no one should be excluded from the mainstream of development. At the same time, the mindsets, cultures and values which the people and social institutions are imbued with need to be strengthened in line with the nation’s aspirations to progress in its own mould.
In implementing these goals, the MOE (Ministry of Education) has formulated the Education Development Master Plan (EDMP) 2006-2010 as a comprehensive and integrated master plan for education development under 9thMalaysia Plan (9MP). EDMPwas developed in line with the national development plans and policies by taking into account the Third Outline Perspective Plan, Five Year Malaysia Plans, the framework laid out in the National Mission, the National Integrity Plan and others including national education development plans and policies. The plan is aimed at «Pioneering Change: ANational Mission» and put forward the policies the policies, goals, strategies, priorities, actions plans, key performance indicators, time-lines and budget for education development.
USO DE INVARIANTES EN LAAPROPIACIÓN DELCONCEPTO DE FRACCIÓN, EN ALUMNOS
Authors: Delgado Caballero Alejandro Octavio 
Published: October 2021

En una evaluación realizada en el área de Matemáticas en todos los niveles de una escuela primaria pública, ubicada en una zona marginada de la Ciudad de México, las mayores dificultades se encontraron en la resolución de problemas y fracciones, en alumnos de quinto y sexto grados.
Con base en estos resultados se aplicó, en un grupo de sexto grado, un programa para la apropiación del concepto de fracción, diseñado a partir tres aspectos de la perspectiva histórico-cultural: las invariantes del concepto de fracción, el trabajo colaborativo y la mediación. Los participantes fueron 33 alumnos (15 niñas y 18 niños), con edades entre los 10 años y 9 meses, y 11 años y 8 meses. Para medir los efectos del programa se empleó una prueba de rendimiento académico del uso de fracciones, aplicada como pretest y postest, encontrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas aplicaciones. También se realizó una valoración cualitativa del programa por medio del método de observación y la aplicación de cuestionarios a maestra y alumnos, en la cual se encontraron resultados positivos.
LA ESCUELA: ¿DE LA SUBSIDIARIEDAD A LA SUSTITUCIÓN DE LA FAMILIA?
Authors: López de LLergo Ana Teresa 
Published: October 2021

El tema que nos ocupa se refiere a la educación en la escuela, diferenciada según el sexo. Discernir la conveniencia de las instituciones mixtas, o de las exclusivamente femeninas o masculinas. Aunque hay opiniones en pro y en contra, el estudio actual ha de considerar las características sociales que obviamente varían los esquemas tradicionales. La familia sufre las modificaciones del trabajo extradoméstico de la mujer que cambia los roles que tradicionalmente se le asignaban a ella y al varón. Otras veces, influyen políticas demográficas; esto ha reducido la natalidad y la experiencia de convivir con mayor número de personas. Hay deterioro en la fidelidad conyugal, entonces la relación con los progenitores es incompleta. La cultura contemporánea está sustituyendo el tradicional sexo por el género. Se fomenta la permisividad en las relaciones sexuales.
El panorama ofrece más sombras que luces. Sin embargo, aunque es arduo el trabajo, la familia ha de recuperar su papel de primera educadora y la escuela tomar su postura de subsidiariedad. La preparación de los maestros ha de responder a las demandas de los hijos que no cuentan con el apoyo de un buen ambiente familiar.
Es necesario ofrecer diversos tipos de escuelas: femeninas, masculinas y mixtas, para poder elegir la que más convenga a los educandos, previo estudio muy concienzudo de la personalidad y el ambiente en donde se desenvuelven.
RECICLAR EL ENTORNO CULTURAL
Authors: Galbán Lozano Sara Elvira 
Published: October 2021

Actualmente se habla mucho de reciclar. En todos los ambientes se escucha esta palabra: reciclar el papel, vidrio, plástico, energía; y en el ámbito empresarial se dice que deben reciclarse los medios humanos y materiales con los que se cuenta.
La cultura del reciclaje surgió como una propuesta de los ecologistas, preocupados por salvar el planeta; pero ahora este término se utiliza de manera habitual al hablar de aprovechar los recursos al máximo.
El reciclaje consiste en reincorporar la materia prima utilizada previamente, para hacer más productos sin la necesidad de utilizar nuevos recursos; usar los materiales –una y otra vez– para realizar nuevos productos, reduciendo en forma significativa la utilización de nuevas materias primas. El reincorporar recursos ya usados en los procesos para la elaboración de nuevos materiales ayuda a conservar recursos y a utilizarlos al máximo.
Este proceso –que cada día adquiere mayor importancia no sólo en la industria, sino en el ambiente laboral en general– cobra también relevancia en el ámbito de la educación, específicamente en el campo de la didáctica, y en particular al tratarse de estrategias para optimizar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.
LA CALIDAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN EN LA SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO
Authors: Iturralde Espejo Gabriela 
Published: October 2021

La globalización, y todo lo que ésta implica, ha generado gran cantidad de cambios en las formas de ser, pensar y actuar de las personas y las organizaciones. En la actualidad, el conocimiento proporciona el valor agregado, sin embargo debe acompañarse por una serie de actitudes que permitan actuar de forma responsable y comprometida. La principal fuente de conocimientos y actitudes es la educación. De ahí que, en los últimos años, los esfuerzos en materia educativa han sido encaminados a mejorar la calidad de la misma en todos sus niveles.
A nivel Proceso Enseñanza Aprendizaje (PEA), la calidad se logra cuando: la educación es completa, cumple los objetivos que se plantea y existe coherencia entre los elementos que la conforman, dando respuesta a las demandas de la comunidad en que se lleva a cabo.
A nivel nacional, se alcanza la calidad cuando: se logran los objetivos planteados por el sistema, se satisfacen las necesidades de la sociedad, hay igualdad de oportunidades entre los diferentes sectores de la población, se emplean convenientemente los recursos y existe una adecuada administración de políticas; de este modo se promueve el desarrollo económico, político y social de la nación.
Por su parte, el nivel internacional señala que la educación es de calidad cuando: el alumno aprende a aprender, desarrolla competencias, es capaz de relacionarse con otros y desarrolla su propia personalidad. Contar con una educación de calidad uniforme en todas las naciones, genera un desarrollo equitativo a nivel mundial.
La calidad en todos los niveles es un proceso compuesto por varios pasos: diagnóstico, planeación, implementación y análisis de evidencias. Es un proceso cíclico; cada evidencia representa un nuevo diagnóstico. La calidad sugiere un proceso de mejora continua; nunca se alcanza la calidad total.
LA ACCIÓN EDUCADORA Y POLÍTICA DEL RITO, EN LA ANTIGUA CHINA
Authors: Meza Mejía Mónica del Carmen 
Published: October 2021

El sólido hilo que trenzaba –tejiendo– la antigua sociedad china, era el rito. La clase noble custodiaba los valores de la civilización y era el soberano el mediador entre el cielo (máxima deidad china) y el pueblo. Sólo los gobernantes eran hombres divinos: sólo ellos podían ser caballeros.
Contrario a la tradición, Confucio creía que cualquier hombre, si era íntegro, justo y bondadoso, llegaría a ser un caballero. En la ruta que conduce a la adquisición de la virtud y la sabiduría, el rito juega un papel fundamental.
El rito –«li»– es el principio que equilibra armónicamente al «hombre superior». El valor educativo del li en la antigua China, radicaba en el hecho de que el rito manifiesta una representación cuya perfección formal, es reflejo de la unidad armónica entre el interior y el exterior de quien lo realiza. El li es como la síntesis, pues, de todas las virtudes. INTRODUCCIÓN
EVALUACIÓN BASADA EN COMPETENCIAS
Authors: Monzó Arévalo Rosa 
Published: October 2021

Cuando se logra comprender la trascendencia personal, profesional y social, la temática de competencias se acepta incondicionalmente. Es innegable que ante la novedad de la Educación Basada en Competencias, surjan diversas interpretaciones. Es necesario estudiar y analizar sus implicaciones y, así, generar propuestas de esclarecimiento en su aspecto teórico y operativo.
El objetivo general de este escrito es mostrar qué se entiende por competencia, para que ésta pueda ser evaluada adecuadamente, teniendo como objetivos particulares:
1. Definir el término competencia.
2. Delimitar claramente el marco de competencias y la educación sustentada en éstas.
3. Reflejar la importancia de la evaluación basada en competencias.
EL LOGRO DE LA MADUREZ EN LA EDAD ADULTA
Authors: Cruz de Galindo Luz María 
Published: October 2021

La madurez es un objetivo-tendencia que nunca se alcanza del todo. No obstante, en cada etapa de la vida, el ser humano ha de ir logrando ciertas metas - en su desarrollo personal y su capacidad de resolver problemas - que le permitan llegar a una plenitud, cuyo fruto inmediato es la felicidad. En este camino se presentan dificultades, internas y externa que, muchas veces, impiden la realización del proyecto personal de vida.
El presente estudio describe las características generales de la edad adulta, comprendida entre los 30 y 65 años de edad, y los cambios físicos, psíquicos y sociales que se presentan. Asimismo, ofrece algunas propuestas educativas para vivir mejor esta etapa que representa el período más largo de la existencia humana.
Como la edad adulta es muy amplia, se hará énfasis en lo propio de la mediana edad -40 y 50 años de edad- y en el final de esta etapa, períodos en que, por lo general, se dan cambios bio-psico-sociales significativos.
Effect of a Mobile Health App on Adherence to Physical Health Treatment: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Greenstein Jay , Topp Robert , Etnoyer-Slaski Jena , Staelgraeve Michael , McNulty John 
Published: October 2021

Background
Adherence to prescribed medical interventions can predict the efficacy of the treatment. In physical health clinics, not adhering to prescribed therapy can take the form of not attending a scheduled clinic visit (no-show appointment) or prematurely terminating treatment against the advice of the provider (self-discharge). A variety of interventions, including mobile phone apps, have been introduced for patients to increase their adherence to attending scheduled clinic visits. Limited research has examined the impact of a mobile phone app among patients attending chiropractic and rehabilitation clinic visits.

Objective
This study aims to compare adherence to prescribed physical health treatment among patients attending a chiropractic and rehabilitation clinic who did and did not choose to adopt a phone-based app to complement their treatment.

Methods
The medical records of new patients who presented for care during 2019 and 2020 at 5 community-based chiropractic and rehabilitation clinics were reviewed for the number of kept and no-show appointments and to determine whether the patient was provider-discharged or self-discharged. During this 24-month study, 36.28% (1497/4126) of patients seen in the targeted clinics had downloaded the Kanvas app on their mobile phone, whereas the remaining patients chose not to download the app (usual care group). The gamification component of the Kanvas app provided the patient with a point every time they attended their visits, which could be redeemed as an incentive.

Results
During both 2019 and 2020, the Kanvas app group was provider-discharged at a greater rate than the usual care group. The Kanvas app group kept a similar number of appointments compared with the usual care group in 2019 but kept significantly more appointments than the usual care group in 2020. During 2019, both groups exhibited a similar number of no-show appointments; however, in 2020, the Kanvas app group demonstrated more no-show appointments than the usual care group. When collapsed across years and self-discharged, the Kanvas app group had a greater number of kept appointments compared with the usual care group. When provider-discharged, both groups exhibited a similar number of kept appointments. The Kanvas app group and the usual care group were similar in the number of no-show appointments when provider-discharged, and when self-discharged, the Kanvas app group had more no-show appointments compared with the usual care group.

Conclusions
Patients who did or did not have access to the Kanvas app and were provider-discharged exhibited a similar number of kept appointments and no-show appointments. When patients were self-discharged and received the Kanvas app, they exhibited 3.2 more kept appointments and 0.94 more no-show appointments than the self-discharged usual care group.
The effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on the course of acute respiratory disease COVID-19. Own observations
Authors: Mokina M.V. , Melnyk O.D. 
Published: October 2021

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has infected people in many countries around the world. The discovery of an effective treatment for this disease, especially in severe cases, has been the subject of intensive scientific research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Patients with acute respiratory disease COVID-19 who received intravenous immunoglobulin in the intensive care unit were examined. All patients underwent non-invasive ventilation and all patients had concomitant pathology. Twenty patients participated in the study, 10 patients received an infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin. Patients who received IVIG were on invasive pulmonary ventilation for an average of 7 days, the condition of patients improved by days 2–3. At the time of transfer to adjacent departments (on average, day 14), the dynamics of the disease improved. Respiration rate was 23 per 1 min. SpO2 without O2 was 92 %. All patients presented with lymphopenia and increased transaminases level, the values of which normalized by days 2–3. When ultrasound examination of the lungs, there were no pulmonary consolidations in patients. Mortality in the group of patients who received IVIG was lower compared to patients who did not receive IVIG.