bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bismuth minerals from the intragranitic La Elsa NYF pegmatite, Potrerillos granite, Argentina: Monitors of fluid evolution from magmatic to hydrothermal stage
Authors: Škoda Radek , Novák Milan , Čopjaková Renata , Galliski Miguel Ángel , Márquez-Zavalía María Florencia , Sejkora Jiří 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTThe NYF La Elsa pegmatite forms a subcircular, ∼30 m long, ∼20 m wide body enclosed in the parental Potrerillos granite, Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith, Argentina. The pegmatite has a typical zonal internal structure with a volumetrically significant quartz core and pods of magmatic fluorite. Along with biotite, mostly in the outer units, tourmaline (schorl, fluor-schorl) is common to abundant in most pegmatite units. Accessory minerals include common strongly hematitized ilmenite and rare euhedral crystals of bismuthinite, up to 2 cm long, occurring at the transition between the blocky zone and the quartz core. The bismuthinite was significantly replaced by bismutite I according to the reaction Bi2S3(s) + CO2(aq) + 6O2(aq) + 3H2O(l) = Bi2CO3O2(s) + 3H2SO4(aq). Subsequently, bismutite I was replaced by bismutite II and kettnerite. The former requires an influx of Ca and F and its formation can be characterized by the reaction Bi2CO3O2(s) + 2Ca2+(aq) + 2F–(aq) + CO32–(aq) = 2CaBiCO3OF(s). At the late hydrothermal stages bismutite was replaced by clinobisvanite/pucherite during influx of V according to the reaction Bi2CO3O2s + 2H3VO4(aq) = 2BiVO4(s)+ CO2(aq) + 3H2O(l). All Bi minerals are close to the ideal formulae with only minor Pb and ±Cu in bismuthinite and its secondary products. The crystallization sequence of Bi minerals is magmatic bismuthinite (S2–) → early hydrothermal bismutite I (CO32–) → medium stage bismutite II + kettnerite (CO32–, F–) → late stage clinobisvanite, pucherite (VO43–). Pegmatite-derived early subsolidus fluids were enriched in CO2, which was confirmed by confocal Raman microspectroscopy of fluid inclusions in quartz and caused breakdown of bismuthinite to bismutite. Calcium and F, necessary for kettnerite formation, were released during alteration of magmatic fluorite at acidic conditions. Vanadium was supplied by meteoritic H2O enriched in elements from altered magmatic minerals (biotite, ilmenite), either from the pegmatite or from the host granite.
Treatment of HCV Genotype-1a Infection with Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir in a Child Suffering from Thalassemia-Major
Authors: Mansoor Hafiz Javed , Walayt Muhammad Salman , Ahmed Hammad , Khan Mahtab Ahmad , Saeed Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Background: Beta thalassemia is the most common genetically transmitted disorder throughout the world. The life of a thalassemia patient depends on continuous blood transfusions, that can lead to various blood-borne viral infections mainly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Nevertheless, HCV infection is the most prevalent among blood transfusion-related blood-borne infections. Co-occurrence of thalassemia major with hepatic fibrosis,severe anemia, and iron over-load complicates HCV treatment. Additionally, treatment of HCV infection generally results in the manifestation of several drug-associated side effects, and the burden of continuous blood transfusions makes the condition worse.
Aim: Efficacy and safety of Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir in a HCV infected child suffering from thalassemia major.
Method: The patient was treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs including Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir for twenty weeks. The complete blood count (CBC) and Liver function test (LFT) data were obtained during the whole treatment. The efficacy and safety of treatment was evaluated by CBC and LFT values. The whole data was evaluated by Microsoft excel 2013.
Result: No significant side effect was observed during the whole treatment. The hemoglobin (Hb) level remained normal and did not require additional blood transfusion. The end of therapy response (ETR) was achieved after twenty weeks of treatment.
Conclusion: Sofosbuvir/ Daclatasvir were found effective in the thalassemia patient. There was no need for dose adjustment. The sustained viral response (SVR24) was achieved.
Significant H i and Metal Differences around the z = 0.83 Lens Galaxy toward the Doubly Lensed Quasar SBS 0909+532
Authors: Cashman Frances H. , Kulkarni Varsha P. , Lopez Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a large difference in neutral hydrogen (H i) and metal column densities between the two sight lines probing opposite sides of the lensing galaxy at z
lens = 0.83 toward the doubly lensed quasar SBS 0909+532. Using archival HST-STIS and Keck HIRES spectra of the lensed quasar images, we measure log N
H I = 18.77 ± 0.12 cm−2 toward the brighter image (A) at an impact parameter of r

A
= 3.15 kpc and log N
H I = 20.38 ± 0.20 cm−2 toward the fainter image (B) at an impact parameter of r

B
= 5.74 kpc. This difference by a factor of ∼41 is the highest difference between sight lines for a lens galaxy in which H i has been measured, suggesting patchiness and/or anisotropy on these scales. We estimate an average Fe abundance gradient between the sight lines to be ≥+0.35 dex kpc−1. The N
Fe II/N
Mg II ratios for the individual components detected in the Keck HIRES spectra have supersolar values for all components in sight line A and for 11 out of 18 components in sight line B, suggesting that Type Ia supernovae may have contributed to the chemical enrichment of the galaxy’s environment. Additionally, these observations provide complementary information to detections of cold gas in early-type galaxies and the tension between these and some models of cloud survival.
Alcan et Pechiney : une comparaison des processus de multinationalisation en période de croissance instable des marchés (de 1971 à la première moitié des années 1990)
Authors: Barjot Dominique 
Published: January 2021

À partir des années 1970, le marché de l’aluminium connaît d’importantes mutations sous l’effet de la fin des oligopoles et d’une prise de pouvoir par les consommateurs avec la cotation du métal léger au LME. Cette transformation en profondeur de l’environnement économique allait bouleverser le paysage industriel de ce secteur, entraînant une vague de fusions-acquisitions entre producteurs. C’est ainsi qu’en 2003, le canadien Alcan prend le contrôle du n° 1 français de l’aluminium, Pechiney. Cette étude propose de retracer le parcours de ces deux entreprises face à l’internationalisation des marchés afin de comprendre les raisons qui ont amené la fin du champion national Pechiney, absorbé par son concurrent nord-américain. En fait, très tôt, les dés sont jetés. Dès les années 1950, Alcan avait mis en place une stratégie à l’international ambitieuse et performante, fondée sur la diversification vers l’aval et une présence sur les principaux marchés notamment en Europe. Cette physionomie allait lui permettre d’aborder sans trop de grandes difficultés l’instabilité du marché de l’aluminium des années 1970-1980. Or il n’en fut pas de même pour Pechiney.
La Mesnardière et les possédées de Loudun
Authors: Closson Marianne 
Published: January 2021

Le Traitté de la melancholie , paru en 1635, est la première œuvre de La Mesnardière. En soutenant la thèse de la possession des religieuses de Loudun, le jeune médecin de vingt-quatre ans obtint la protection de Richelieu, d’autant plus que son texte, adressé aux « honnestes gens », s’inscrivait habilement dans le courant des idées et des valeurs nouvelles. La comparaison avec l’abbé d’Aubignac, qui ne vit que « fourberie » chez les possédées, éclaire l’opportunisme du jeune auteur.
« Les roses parmi les épines ». La Mesnardière praticien et théoricien de la poésie scientifique
Authors: Chométy Philippe 
Published: January 2021

Avec l’ Hymne des belles Connaissances de la Nature , La Mesnardière s’inscrit dans la lignée des grands poètes-philosophes français des XVI e et XVII e siècles. Avec ce « poème de science », il vise à « civiliser » la poésie scientifique, c'est-à-dire à la rendre aimable, acceptable et accessible au public mondain. La forme du recueil dans lequel ce poème s’insère joue un rôle majeur dans sa réception. L’appareil des notes savantes y concourt également.
La démocratie de l’abstention en situation autoritaire : retour sur les élections législatives et locales de 2017 en Algérie
Authors: Benzenine Belkacem 
Published: January 2021

Les élections législatives organisées en mai 2017 en Algérie ont enregistré le taux de participation le plus faible depuis 1962. Bien que la plupart des partis aient présenté des candidats à ces élections et en dépit de la forte campagne médiatique menée par les autorités, de la mobilisation des institutions gouvernementales et même des mosquées, le taux de participation n’a atteint que 35 %. Même si la participation est plus importante lors des élections locales de novembre 2017, la forte abstention enregistrée lors des scrutins de 2017 est significative d’un changement dans les comportements électoraux des Algériens. Malgré l’absence d’une campagne de boycott organisée, les appels lancés à travers les réseaux sociaux ont largement contribué à dissuader les Algériens à prendre part aux élections. Quelles sont les raisons de l’abstention des électeurs algériens ? En quoi l’abstention constitue-t-elle un enjeu pour le pouvoir algérien ? Quel est l’impact de l’abstention sur la vie politique ? C’est à ces trois questions que propose de répondre cet article. Après un examen du contexte politique dans lequel se déroulent les consultations électorales de l’année 2017, nous étudierons les facteurs de l’abstention et analyserons les dimensions géographiques de la participation. L’analyse est basée sur des entretiens auprès de citoyens algériens ayant choisi de s’abstenir lors des élections législatives et locales de 2017. Elle s’appuie également sur un corpus de presse traitant, d’un côté, les appels à une participation massive émanant du gouvernement et ses soutiens (partis, syndicats, société civile) et, de l’autre, les appels de quelques partis et personnalités politiques au boycott de ces élections.
Rotational Alignment of the Tibial Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bindelglass David F 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This study compares two different methods of aligning the tibial component in a total knee arthroplasty, one by aligning the component with the border between the medial one third and lateral two thirds of the tibial tubercle and the other by allowing the component to seek its own position as the knee is taken through a range of motion. The first technique emphasizes the need to maintain an appropriate quadriceps angle for optimum patellar tracking and the second method optimizes femorotibial kinematics. The two methods suggest different positions for the tibial component, with the tibial component internally rotated an average of 5.6 mm from the border between the medial one third and lateral two thirds of the tibial tubercle when allowed to seek its own rotation. Surgeons must be aware of the choices they are making when selecting a method of aligning the tibial component. The prosthesis used in this study had a relatively high level of rotational constraint. The situation is somewhat different in a less constrained design.
Idiopathic Tractional Corectopia
Authors: Atkinson C Scott , Brodsky Michael C , Hiles David A , Simon John W 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Four infants were referred for congenital unilateral corectopia. In each case, the abnormal position of the pupil was caused by a fibrous structure that tethered the iris pupillary margin to the peripheral cornea. No patients showed characteristics of intrauterine infection, Rieger anomaly, ectopia lentis et pupillae, or iris coloboma. Amblyopia was not present in any of the patients. Three children demonstrated progression of the corectopia in the first 6 months of life. Two who developed shallow anterior chambers were treated surgically, one with an Nd:YAG laser and the other with incisional surgery. The third was treated with medical mydriasis. All four children have had favorable visual outcomes to date. The origin of the tethering strands is unclear but may be related to incomplete regression of vessels from the embryologie vascular system. We recommend medical or surgical intervention for unilateral corectopia when the pupillary aperture is displaced peripheral to the central visual axis or when the position of the iris threatens angle structures. Prophylactic occlusion therapy may also be indicated.
La genèse et la manifestation des structures d’un point de vue cognitiviste et (post-)structuraliste
Authors: Miravete Sébastien 
Published: January 2021

L’objectif de ce travail est de reposer un problème caractéristique des sciences humaines contemporaines. Les structuralistes sont en effet parvenus à mettre au jour des « structures », mais ils n’ont pas expliqué la formation de celles-ci ou la manière dont celles-ci se manifestent, par exemple, sous la forme de normes phonologiques ou sociales particulières. Il ne semble pas toujours possible en effet d’expliquer leur apparition à partir du génome humain. Comment les êtres humains parviennent-ils, dès lors, à acquérir des structures et à leur donner une apparence spécifique ? Il est possible, selon nous, d’adopter une méthodologie structuraliste pour penser la genèse et la manifestation des structures, même si une telle approche peut sembler paradoxale au premier abord. Cette nouvelle manière de penser les structures diffère radicalement du structuralisme classique (1.1. à 1.4.) hérité de Jakobson et de Lévi-Strauss, dans la mesure où elle aboutit à une refonte intégrale du concept de structure (2.1. à 2.3.). Nous verrons dans quelle mesure ce (post-)structuralisme, inspiré de nos propres recherches en psychologie cognitive sur le conditionnement (2.1.) et sur les groupements configurés (2.2.), rend compte de l’apparition des structures acquises par l’être humain, mais aussi de leur nombre relativement restreint. Les notions de relation (cf. 1.3.), de sujet (cf. 2.1.), d’interdisciplinarité et d’écologie (cf. 2.3.) seront revisitées et serviront à illustrer quelques-unes des perspectives offertes en sciences humaines et sociales par un tel cadre d’investigation. Nous tâcherons enfin d’exposer dans quelle mesure un tel projet repense le rapport entre les sciences et la philosophie et renoue, en partie, avec celui proposé par Simondon dans l’allagmatique. (cf. 2.3.4.).
Le front pionnier agro-désertique égyptien, par-delà rural et ruralité ?
Authors: Acloque Delphine 
Published: January 2021

Depuis le milieu du XXe siècle, les périphéries désertiques égyptiennes sont devenues le lieu de projection de l'avenir de l'agriculture nationale. Une véritable frontière agro-désertique a émergé, se déplaçant à des rythmes inégaux au cours des six dernières décennies. Cet article se propose d'éclairer la nature des nouveaux territoires agro-désertiques égyptiens et de comprendre en quoi ils interrogent les catégories de rural et de ruralité. La question du rapport au territoire de la nouvelle agriculture et de ses acteurs est posée, ceci depuis les parcelles de petits paysans au sein de villages créés ex-nihilo jusqu'aux exploitations agro-capitalistes contemporaines, parfois distantes de plusieurs centaines de kilomètres des principaux espaces de peuplement. Faut-il s'affranchir du concept de ruralité pour rendre compte des espaces du front pionnier égyptien ? Comment penser l'agricole sans rural et quelles catégories construire pour caractériser ces néo-territoires agro-désertiques ?
Retour sur les lieux de l’evénement : l’image « en creux »
Authors: Bertho Raphaële 
Published: January 2021

L’événement ne semble pas pouvoir exister s’il n’en existe pas d’images. Face à ce débordement, à ce « trop plein » visuel, on observe l’apparition d’une posture nouvelle dans le champ de la photographie contemporaine. Comme « en creux » du phénomène médiatique, ces images travaillent à l'évocation des grands évènements contemporains tout en étant vides de leur représentation explicite. Elles proposent un retour sur l’événement, un retour sur les lieux, pour tenter d’ouvrir un espace de réflexion sur, par, et dans l’image. Le « creux » n’est pas une représentation de l’absence ou de la disparition, mais du manque, celui de traces visibles de l’événement. Ces œuvres posent la question de la transmission de l’expérience tout en découvrant la puissance de l’anodin dans notre rapport au passé.
TSLP-Driven Chromatin Remodeling and Trained Systemic Immunity after Neonatal Respiratory Viral Infection
Authors: Malinczak Carrie-Anne , Parolia Abhijit , Fonseca Wendy , Morris Susan , Rasky Andrew J. , Bawa Pushpinder , Zhang Yuping , Mire Mohamed M. , Ziegler Steven F. , Ptaschinski Catherine , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Lukacs Nicholas W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Our studies have previously shown a role for persistent TSLP production in the lungs of mice after early-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection that leads to an altered immune phenotype, including accumulation of “inflammatory” dendritic cells (DC). This study investigates the role of TSLP driving systemic trained immunity in DC in early-life RSV-infected mice. Bone marrow–derived DCs (BMDC) from early-life RSV-infected mice at 4 wk postinfection showed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, including Tslp, that regulate immune cell function. The adoptive transfer of BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice was sufficient to exacerbate allergic disease development. The addition of recombinant TSLP during differentiation of BMDC from naive mice induced a similar altered phenotype as BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice, suggesting a role for TSLP in the phenotypic changes. To assess the role of TSLP in these changes, global transcriptomic characterization of TSLPR−/− BMDC infected with RSV was performed and showed a higher upregulation of type 1 IFN genes and concomitant downregulation of inflammatory genes. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing analysis demonstrated that TSLPR−/− BMDC had a parallel gain in physical chromatin accessibility near type 1 genes and loss in accessibility near genes related to RSV pathology, with IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and STAT3 predicted as top transcription factors binding within differentially accessible regions in wild-type. Importantly, these studies show that in the absence of TSLP signaling, BMDC are able to mount an appropriate type 1 IFN–associated antiviral response to RSV. In summary, RSV-induced TSLP alters chromatin structure in DC to drive trained innate immunity and activates pathogenic gene programs in mice.
Acupuncture as a Treatment Choice for Persistent Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis-Related Symptoms
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Samara Evangelia , Pierris Nikolaos , Karanasiou Vasiliki , Christopoulos Georgios , Kefalas Konstantinos , Zioutos Konstantinos 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim:
In several chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) cases, symptoms persist despite bacterial eradication. Since acupuncture has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, it may be an effective treatment option for clinically untreated CBP cases. In order to investigate the above hypothesis, we performed a pilot study.

Methods:
Patients with persistent CBP-related symptoms and confirmed bacterial eradication were randomly allocated to acupuncture or conventional medical treatment. Symptom burden was assessed at baseline, weeks 4 and 12. Eight patients received 30-min sessions of acupuncture twice weekly for 1 month (Group 1), ten patients received lornoxicam 8 mg orally once daily for 1 month (Group 2), eight patients received Serenoa repens (SR) 320 mg twice daily for 1 month (Group 3), and nine patients received pregabalin 25 mg twice daily for 1 month (Group 4). The primary outcome is the proportion of responders at week 4 with significant change from baseline in the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) total score and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at week 4. Secondary outcomes included ratings of clinical pain (visual analog scale) and quality of life at week 12.

Results:
At week 4, no statistically significant differences in the mean decrease of NIH-CPSI and IPSS total scores from baseline among groups were noted. After 12 weeks, none of the participants experienced complete resolution of pain. Differences in the mean pain and quality of life levels were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
Acupuncture is an effective treatment option for persistent CBP-related pain however is inferior to conventional medical treatment in reducing CBP-related lower urinary tract symptoms. For this reason, it may be offered in combination with medical therapy in patients with combined symptoms.
Nigerian radiographers and non-accidental injury in children
Authors: Ewuzie Odira C. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
It is not uncommon to hit children in Nigeria, hence there is an increased possibility of encountering children with non-accidental injury (NAI). Radiographers are one of the first-line caregivers in a hospital setting, hence it is important that they are able to identify and act appropriately in cases of suspected NAI in children

Objective:
The objective of this study was to establish Nigerian radiographers’ awareness and role both before and after identifying NAI in children.

Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that assessed radiographers’ awareness and role in identifying NAI in children. A Google Form link was distributed through various Nigerian radiographers’ WhatsApp groups, inviting interested radiographers to participate in the survey. Data were analyzed by using IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results were presented by using tables and charts.

Results:
Ninety-eight radiographers working across the federation participated in the online survey. A total of 53.1% of the respondents clearly understood what NAI meant, whereas 59.2% never participated in the imaging of a child for NAI investigation. Only 12.3% were confident that they were very competent in identifying radiological signs of NAI in children.

Conclusion:
Although most radiographers understand what NAI means, very few agree that they have been formally trained in pediatric imaging, hence they lack the expertise in acting appropriately in cases of suspected NAI in children. The radiographers strongly believe that they would benefit from proper training to handle cases of NAI in children.
Exploring the Resourcefulness of an Underutilized Modality
Authors: Ezeofor Salome Nwaelom , Iloanusi Nneka Ifeyinwa , Okere Philip Chinedu 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Ductography (DG), also called galactography, is an important imaging diagnostic tool for evaluating patients with suspicious nipple discharge (SND). It is practical and cost-effective yet it is heavily underutilized in resource-constrained countries. The aim of this review was to explore the use of conventional DG as a diagnostic tool in the management of patients with pathologic or SND. This is a review of available literature on DG and SND over the past 36 years. In patients with SND, conventional DG is still a valuable, simple, and cost-effective imaging tool for the accurate localization of causal intra-ductal lesions including breast cancer. In resource-challenged environments, therefore, promoting ductographic diagnosis is cost-effective and attractive because it also affords curative targeted duct excisions.