bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pushing automated morphological classifications to their limits with the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Vega-Ferrero J , Domínguez Sánchez H , Bernardi M , Huertas-Company M , Morgan R , Margalef B , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Avila S , Bacon D , Bertin E , Brooks D , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Choi A , Conselice C , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Desai S , Ferrero I , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Hoyle B , Jarvis M , Kim A G , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lima M , Maia M A G , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Tarsitano F , To C , Tucker D L , Varga T N , Wilkinson R D 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We present morphological classifications of ∼27 million galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Data Release 1 (DR1) using a supervised deep learning algorithm. The classification scheme separates: (a) early-type galaxies (ETGs) from late-type galaxies (LTGs); and (b) face-on galaxies from edge-on. Our convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are trained on a small subset of DES objects with previously known classifications. These typically have mr ≲ 17.7 mag; we model fainter objects to mr &lt; 21.5 mag by simulating what the brighter objects with well-determined classifications would look like if they were at higher redshifts. The CNNs reach 97 per cent accuracy to mr &lt; 21.5 on their training sets, suggesting that they are able to recover features more accurately than the human eye. We then used the trained CNNs to classify the vast majority of the other DES images. The final catalogue comprises five independent CNN predictions for each classification scheme, helping to determine if the CNN predictions are robust or not. We obtain secure classifications for ∼87 per cent and 73 per cent of the catalogue for the ETG versus LTG and edge-on versus face-on models, respectively. Combining the two classifications (a) and (b) helps to increase the purity of the ETG sample and to identify edge-on lenticular galaxies (as ETGs with high ellipticity). Where a comparison is possible, our classifications correlate very well with Sérsic index (n), ellipticity (ϵ), and spectral type, even for the fainter galaxies. This is the largest multiband catalogue of automated galaxy morphologies to date.
MAYONNAISE: a morphological components analysis pipeline for circumstellar discs and exoplanets imaging in the near-infrared
Authors: Pairet Benoît , Cantalloube Faustine , Jacques Laurent 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Imaging circumstellar discs in the near-infrared provides unprecedented information about the formation and evolution of planetary systems. However, current post-processing techniques for high-contrast imaging using ground-based telescopes have a limited sensitivity to extended signals and their morphology is often plagued with strong morphological distortions. Moreover, it is challenging to disentangle planetary signals from the disc when the two components are close or intertwined. We propose a pipeline that is capable of detecting a wide variety of discs and preserving their shapes and flux distributions. By construction, our approach separates planets from discs. After analysing the distortions induced by the current angular differential imaging (ADI) post-processing techniques, we establish a direct model of the different components constituting a temporal sequence of high-contrast images. In an inverse problem framework, we jointly estimate the starlight residuals and the potential extended sources and point sources hidden in the images, using low-complexity priors for each signal. To verify and estimate the performance of our approach, we tested it on VLT/SPHERE-IRDIS data, in which we injected synthetic discs and planets. We also applied our approach on observations containing real discs. Our technique makes it possible to detect discs from ADI data sets of a contrast above 3 × 10−6 with respect to the host star. As no specific shape of the discs is assumed, we are capable of extracting a wide diversity of discs, including face-on discs. The intensity distribution of the detected disc is accurately preserved and point sources are distinguished, even close to the disc.
The Genomic Architecture of Adaptation to Larval Malnutrition Points to a Trade-off with Adult Starvation Resistance in Drosophila
Authors: Kawecki Tadeusz J. , Erkosar Berra , Dupuis Cindy , Hollis Brian , Stillwell R. Craig , Kapun Martin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Periods of nutrient shortage impose strong selection on animal populations. Experimental studies of genetic adaptation to nutrient shortage largely focus on resistance to acute starvation at adult stage; it is not clear how conclusions drawn from these studies extrapolate to other forms of nutritional stress. We studied the genomic signature of adaptation to chronic juvenile malnutrition in six populations of Drosophila melanogaster evolved for 150 generations on an extremely nutrient-poor larval diet. Comparison with control populations evolved on standard food revealed repeatable genomic differentiation between the two set of population, involving &gt;3,000 candidate SNPs forming &gt;100 independently evolving clusters. The candidate genomic regions were enriched in genes implicated in hormone, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, including some with known effects on fitness-related life-history traits. Rather than being close to fixation, a substantial fraction of candidate SNPs segregated at intermediate allele frequencies in all malnutrition-adapted populations. This, together with patterns of among-population variation in allele frequencies and estimates of Tajima’s D, suggests that the poor diet results in balancing selection on some genomic regions. Our candidate genes for tolerance to larval malnutrition showed a high overlap with genes previously implicated in acute starvation resistance. However, adaptation to larval malnutrition in our study was associated with reduced tolerance to acute adult starvation. Thus, rather than reflecting synergy, the shared genomic architecture appears to mediate an evolutionary trade-off between tolerances to these two forms of nutritional stress.
Patient-reported factors influencing the choice of their kidney replacement treatment modality
Authors: de Jong Rianne W , Stel Vianda S , Rahmel Axel , Murphy Mark , Vanholder Raymond C , Massy Ziad A , Jager Kitty J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Access to various kidney replacement therapy (KRT) modalities for patients with end-stage kidney disease differs substantially within Europe.

Methods
European adults on KRT filled out an online or paper-based survey about factors influencing and experiences with modality choice (e.g. information provision, decision-making and reasons for choice) between November 2017 and January 2019. We compared countries with low, middle and high gross domestic product (GDP).

Results
In total, 7820 patients [mean age 59 years, 56% male, 63% on centre haemodialysis (CHD)] from 38 countries participated. Twenty-five percent had received no information on the different modalities, and only 23% received information &gt;12 months before KRT initiation. Patients were not informed about home haemodialysis (HHD) (42%) and comprehensive conservative management (33%). Besides nephrologists, nurses more frequently provided information in high-GDP countries, whereas physicians other than nephrologists did so in low-GDP countries. Patients from low-GDP countries reported later information provision, less information about other modalities than CHD and lower satisfaction with information. The majority of modality decisions were made involving both patient and nephrologist. Patients reported subjective (e.g. quality of life and fears) and objective reasons (e.g. costs and availability of treatments) for modality choice. Patients had good experiences with all modalities, but experiences were better for HHD and kidney transplantation and in middle- and high-GDP countries.

Conclusion
Our results suggest European differences in patient-reported factors influencing KRT modality choice, possibly caused by disparities in availability of KRT modalities, different healthcare systems and varying patient preferences. Availability of home dialysis and kidney transplantation should be optimized.
When expressions of faith in the Philippines becomes a potential COVID-19 ‘superspreader’
Authors: Canete Jonathan James O 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Filipino people are known for their strong religious faith. Even in the midst of the most trying moments of their collective history their faith remains steadfast. The isolation brought by the COVID-19 pandemic did not stop the Filipino Catholic faithful from expressing their faith but made it stronger. Allowed by the government to attend Church celebrations, the Filipino Catholic devotee flocked in the Quiapo Church just to attend the feast of the Black Nazarene and had a chance to hold its image with a firm conviction that the grace of God could protect them from the pandemic. However, the local medical experts called their devotion, in this time of crisis, as a ‘superspreader’, a sign not of hope but of despair.
Characteristics of patients with difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice
Authors: Takanashi Satoshi , Kaneko Yuko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with difficult-to-treat RA (D2T RA) and the usefulness of switching to drugs with different modes of action in real-world.

Methods
We reviewed all consecutive patients with RA treated at Keio University Hospital between 2016 and 2017 with a definition of D2T RA. We analysed clinical characteristics and evaluated the usefulness of changing drugs according to mode of action.

Results
Among 1709 patients with RA, 173 (10.1%) were D2T RA. The reason for the D2T RA was multi-drug resistance in 59 patients (34.1%), comorbidity in 17 (9.8%), and socio-economic reasons in 97 (56.1%). The multi-drug-resistance group had significantly higher tender joint count and evaluator global assessment than the other groups, despite receiving the most intensive treatment. The comorbidity group showed a significantly older age and higher rheumatic disease comorbidity index. Although changing the drug to another with a different mode of action was useful, the proportion of patients who achieved remission or low disease activity decreased as the number of switches increased.

Conclusion
Of the patients with RA, 10.1% were still difficult to treat in clinical practice, despite intensive treatment. Their characteristics were distinct by the reasons of D2T RA, which suggests the need for a personalized approach to D2T RA.
The use and context of the term ‘multimorbidity’ in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Dey Mrinalini , Busby Amanda , Elwell Helen , Pratt Arthur , Young Adam , Isaacs John , Nikiphorou Elena 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This systematic literature review aimed to analyse terms describing coexisting conditions in the RA literature, informing the need for an operationalized definition of multimorbidity. Articles discussing RA with multimorbidity, published 1946 until August 2020, were identified. The primary outcome was the use and/or definition of ‘multimorbidity’ in RA. Information extracted included terms defining coexisting conditions, the use of a comorbidity/multimorbidity score and the use of ‘index disease’ to describe RA (more applicable to comorbidity than multimorbidity).
Thirty-nine articles were included. Eight articles used the term ‘multimorbidity’, 18 used ‘comorbidity’ and 12 used both terms, 7 synonymously. One used no term. Fourteen articles fully defined the term. The number of co-existing conditions described in included studies was one-121. Twelve articles used a comorbidity/multimorbidity score. Four articles described RA as the ‘index disease’. Our results demonstrate inconsistent use of the term multimorbidity. Improved assessment of multimorbidity is indicated in RA patients, including an operationalized use and definition.
Hyperactivity is a Core Endophenotype of Elevated Neuregulin-1 Signaling in Embryonic Glutamatergic Networks
Authors: Götze Tilmann , Soto-Bernardini Maria Clara , Zhang Mingyue , Mießner Hendrik , Linhoff Lisa , Brzózka Magdalena M , Velanac Viktorija , Dullin Christian , Ramos-Gomes Fernanda , Peng Maja , Husseini Hümeyra , Schifferdecker Eva , Fledrich Robert , Sereda Michael W , Willig Katrin , Alves Frauke , Rossner Moritz J , Nave Klaus-Armin , Zhang Weiqi , Schwab Markus H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ErbB4 module is at the core of an “at risk” signaling pathway in schizophrenia. Several human studies suggest hyperstimulation of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling as a plausible pathomechanism; however, little is known about the significance of stage-, brain area-, or neural cell type-specific NRG1-ErbB4 hyperactivity for disease-relevant brain endophenotypes. To address these spatiotemporal aspects, we generated transgenic mice for Cre recombinase-mediated overexpression of cystein-rich domain (CRD) NRG1, the most prominent NRG1 isoform in the brain. A comparison of “brain-wide” vs cell type-specific CRD-NRG1 overexpressing mice revealed that pathogenic CRD-NRG1 signals for ventricular enlargement and neuroinflammation originate outside glutamatergic neurons and suggests a subcortical function of CRD-NRG1 in the control of body weight. Embryonic onset of CRD-NRG1 in glutamatergic cortical networks resulted in reduced inhibitory neurotransmission and locomotor hyperactivity. Our findings identify ventricular enlargement and locomotor hyperactivity, 2 main endophenotypes of schizophrenia, as specific consequences of spatiotemporally distinct expression profiles of hyperactivated CRD-NRG1 signaling.
Fronto-Temporal Disconnection Within the Presence Hallucination Network in Psychotic Patients With Passivity Experiences
Authors: Stripeikyte Giedre , Potheegadoo Jevita , Progin Pierre , Rognini Giulio , Blondiaux Eva , Salomon Roy , Griffa Alessandra , Hagmann Patric , Faivre Nathan , Do Kim Q , Conus Philippe , Blanke Olaf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Psychosis, characterized by hallucinations and delusions, is a common feature of psychiatric disease, especially schizophrenia. One prominent theory posits that psychosis is driven by abnormal sensorimotor predictions leading to the misattribution of self-related events. This misattribution has been linked to passivity experiences (PE), such as loss of agency and, more recently, to presence hallucinations (PH), defined as the conscious experience of the presence of an alien agent while no person is actually present. PH has been observed in schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and neurological patients with brain lesions and, recently, the brain mechanisms of PH (PH-network) have been determined comprising bilateral posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and ventral premotor cortex (vPMC). Given that the experience of an alien agent is a common feature of PE, we here analyzed the functional connectivity within the PH-network in psychotic patients with (N = 39) vs without PE (N = 26). We observed reduced fronto-temporal functional connectivity in patients with PE compared to patients without PE between the right pMTG and the right and left IFG of the PH-network. Moreover, when seeding from these altered regions, we observed specific alterations with brain regions commonly linked to auditory-verbal hallucinations (such as Heschl’s gyrus). The present connectivity findings within the PH-network extend the disconnection hypothesis for hallucinations to the specific case of PH and associates the PH-network with key brain regions for frequent psychotic symptoms such as auditory-verbal hallucinations, showing that PH are relevant to the study of the brain mechanisms of psychosis and PE.
Cognitive Predictors of Social and Occupational Functioning in Early Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data
Authors: Cowman Megan , Holleran Laurena , Lonergan Edgar , O’Connor Karen , Birchwood Max , Donohoe Gary 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many individuals with early psychosis experience impairments in social and occupational function. Identification of modifiable predictors of function such as cognitive performance has the potential to inform effective treatments. Our aim was to estimate the strength of the relationship between psychosocial function in early psychosis and different domains of cognitive and social cognitive performance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies examining cognitive predictors of psychosocial function. Literature searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, and reference lists of relevant articles to identify studies for inclusion. Of the 2565 identified, 46 studies comprising 3767 participants met inclusion criteria. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for 9 cognitive domains. Pearson correlation values between cognitive variables and function were extracted. All cognitive domains were related to psychosocial function both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Importantly, these associations remained significant even after the effects of symptom severity, duration of untreated psychosis, and length of illness were accounted for. Overall, general cognitive ability and social cognition were most strongly associated with both concurrent and long-term function. Associations demonstrated medium effect sizes. These findings suggest that treatments targeting cognitive deficits, in particular those focusing on social cognition, are likely to be important for improving functional outcomes in early psychosis.
Does General Anesthesia Compared With Conscious Sedation Result in Better Outcomes in Acute Stroke Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy?
Authors: Howard Levi W. , Demaerschalk Bart M. , Chong Brian W. , Bendok Bernard R. , Gritsch David , Marks Lisa A. , Wingerchuk Dean M. , O’Carroll Cumara B. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
There is considerable controversy surrounding the optimal use of sedation in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Several retrospective studies have favored conscious sedation (CS) over general anesthesia (GA) in terms of functional outcomes and mortality. Recent data from randomized controlled trials has challenged this view.

Objective:
The aim was to critically assess current evidence regarding the use of CS versus GA in mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:
The objective was addressed through the development of a critically appraised topic that included a clinical scenario, structured question, literature search strategy, critical appraisal, assessment of results, evidence summary, commentary, and bottom-line conclusions. Participants included consultant and resident neurologists, a medical librarian, clinical epidemiologists, and content experts in the field of vascular neurology, vascular neurosurgery, and interventional neuroradiology.

Results:
A randomized controlled trial was selected for critical appraisal. This trial compared 128 patients with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion from a single center (Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark), 65 of whom received GA and 63 received CS. No significant difference was detected for the primary outcome of volume of infarct growth. The rate of successful thrombectomy and favorable clinical outcomes for the GA arm was significantly higher in the intention-to-treat analysis.

Conclusions:
GA does not result in worse tissue outcomes or worse clinical outcomes when compared with CS in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion undergoing mechanical thrombectomy.
Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trials Targeting Amyloid
Authors: Reiss Allison B. , Montufar Natalie , DeLeon Joshua , Pinkhasov Aaron , Gomolin Irving H. , Glass Amy D. , Arain Hirra A. , Stecker Mark M. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
The goal of slowing or halting the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) has resulted in the huge allocation of resources by academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies to the development of new treatments. The etiology of AD is elusive, but the aggregation of amyloid-β and tau peptide and oxidative processes are considered critical pathologic mechanisms. The failure of drugs with multiple mechanisms to meet efficacy outcomes has caused several companies to decide not to pursue further AD studies and has left the field essentially where it has been for the past 15 years. Efforts are underway to develop biomarkers for detection and monitoring of AD using genetic, imaging, and biochemical technology, but this is of minimal use if no intervention can be offered.

Review Summary:
In this review, we consider the natural progression of AD and how it continues despite present attempts to modify the amyloid-related machinery to alter the disease trajectory. We describe the mechanisms and approaches to AD treatment targeting amyloid, including both passive and active immunotherapy as well as inhibitors of enzymes in the amyloidogenic pathway.

Conclusion:
Lessons learned from clinical trials of amyloid reduction strategies may prove crucial for the leap forward toward novel therapeutic targets to treat AD.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease May Present Early With Unusual Bulbar Predominance
Authors: Ghannam Malik , Patel Roshni , Nichols Kent , Smith Andrew , Robertson Jetter , Berry Brent M. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a prion protein disorder of significant consequence and currently incurable. Diagnosis can be challenging early in the disease course. CJD can present in many ways but often fits a pattern of cognitive problems, cerebellar disturbance, behavioral/psychological changes, and perhaps myoclonus.

Case Report:
We herein present the case of a 69-year-old White male with subacute progressive bulbar and limb weakness over ten weeks period. Early on, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis versus autoimmune-related bulbar neuropathy and treated as such. However, he continued to deteriorate clinically that prompted another admission, upon readmission, his cerebrospinal fluid RTQuick and 14-3-3 from the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (NPDPSC) did eventually return positive. Hence he was diagnosed with CJD.

Conclusions:
CJD may present with progressive bulbar symptoms similar to acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (MF variant), motor neuron disease, or autoimmune brainstem encephalitis. It becomes even higher on the differentials especially with no response to immunotherapy.