bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmological curvature acceleration
Authors: Capozziello S. , Lambiase G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObserved accelerated behavior of the Hubble flow, usually related to the existence of a mysterious unknown fluid dubbed dark energy, can be framed in natural extensions of General Relativity that work at infrared scales. This approach gives rise to a geometric view of the phenomenon that does not require any new particle to be addressed. In this review paper, without claiming for completeness, we will give the main ingredients of such an approach considering models likef(R) gravity, withRthe Ricci curvature scalar, and, in general, higher-order theories of gravity including other curvature invariants. In this context, we will review also Teleparallel Equivalent General Relativity and its extensions likef(T) gravity, whereTis the torsion scalar. We will show that the curvature picture and the torsion picture can be related each other giving an equivalent paradigm where the observed cosmological acceleration can be addressed by extending the gravitational sector.
Toward Integrated CNN-based Sentiment Analysis of Tweets for Scarce-resource Language—Hindi
Authors: Gupta Vedika , Jain Nikita , Shubham Shubham , Madan Agam , Chaudhary Ankit , Xin Qin 
Published: June 2021

Linguistic resources for commonly used languages such as English and Mandarin Chinese are available in abundance, hence the existing research in these languages. However, there are languages for which linguistic resources are scarcely available. One of these languages is the Hindi language. Hindi, being the fourth-most popular language, still lacks in richly populated linguistic resources, owing to the challenges involved in dealing with the Hindi language. This article first explores the machine learning-based approaches—Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression—to analyze the sentiment contained in Hindi language text derived from Twitter.
Further, the article presents lexicon-based approaches (Hindi Senti-WordNet, NRC Emotion Lexicon) for sentiment analysis in Hindi while also proposing a Domain-specific Sentiment Dictionary. Finally, an integrated convolutional neural network (CNN)—Recurrent Neural Network and Long Short-term Memory—is proposed to analyze sentiment from Hindi language tweets, a total of 23,767 tweets classified into positive, negative, and neutral. The proposed CNN approach gives an accuracy of 85%.
Surface Roughness and Electrochemical Performance Properties of Biosynthesized α-MnO2/NiO-Based Polyaniline Ternary Composites as Efficient Catalysts in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Dessie Yilkal , Tadesse Sisay , Eswaramoorthy Rajalakshmanan 
Published: June 2021

In this study, biosynthesized α-MnO2/NiO NPs and chemically oxidative polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized to form ternary composite anode material for MFC. The synthesized materials were characterized with different materials (UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTA-DSC, SEM-EDX-Gwyddion, CV, and EIS) to deeply examine their optical, structural, morphological, thermal, roughness, and electrocatalytic properties. The degree of surface roughness for α-MnO2/NiO/PANI was23.65±5.652 nm. This value was higher than the pure α-MnO2, pure PANI, and even α-MnO2/PANI nanocomposite due to surface modification. The total charge storing performance for bare PGE, α-MnO2/PGE, PANI/PGE, α-MnO2/PANI/PGE, and α-MnO2/NiO/PANI/PGE were 5.291, 17.267, 20.659, 23.258, and 24.456 mC. From this, the charge storing performance formed by α-MnO2/NiO/PANI-modified PGE was highest, indicating that this electrode is best in cycle stability and increases its life cycle during energy conversion time in MFC. This is also supported by its effective surface area, having a value of 0.00984 cm2. From this, it is evidenced that the ternary composite catalyst-modified anode facilitates the fast electrocatalytic activity as observed from its high peak current and lower peak-to-peak potential separation (ΔEp=0.216 V) than other electrodes. Such surface modification helps to store more electrical charge by increasing electrical conductivity during its charge/discharge processing time. In addition, the lower charge transfer resistance property with a value of 788.9 Ω and the fast heterogeneous electron transfer rate of ~2.92 s-1 enable to facilitate glucose oxidation, and this enhances to produce high power output and increase wastewater treatment efficiency. As a result, the bioelectrical activity of α-MnO2/NiO/PANI composite-modified PGE was very effective in producing a maximum power density of 506.96 mW m-2 with COD of 81.92%. The above observations justified that α-MnO2/NiO/PANI/PGE serves as an effective anode material in double-chambered MFC application.
Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Beyond “Copy/Paste”
Authors: Hester Robert , Mazur Pawel K. , McAllister Florencia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Immunotherapy has dramatically changed the cancer treatment landscape during the past decade, but very limited efficacy has been reported against pancreatic cancer. Several factors unique to pancreatic cancer may explain the resistance: the well-recognized suppressive elements in the tumor microenvironment, the functional and structural barrier imposed by the stroma components, T-cell exhaustion, the choice of perhaps the wrong immune targets, and microbial factors including gut dysbiosis and the unexpected presence of tumor microbes. Furthermore, we discuss various strategies to overcome these barriers.
Toxicity and Efficacy of Concurrent Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Pelvic Radiotherapy, and Radium-223 in Patients with De Novo Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Turner Philip G. , Jain Suneil , Cole Aidan , Grey Arthur , Mitchell Darren , Prise Kevin M. , Hounsell Alan R. , McGarry Conor K. , Biggart Sandra , O'Sullivan Joe M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Radium-223 is an alpha-emitting radionuclide associated with overall survival (OS) improvement in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to prostate extends OS in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) limited to less than 4 metastases. We hypothesized that combination radium-223 + pelvic EBRT could safely deliver maximal radiotherapy doses to primary and metastatic prostate cancer and may improve disease control.

Patients and Methods:
Thirty patients with de novo bone metastatic mHSPC who had commenced androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and docetaxel were recruited to this single-arm, open-label, prospective clinical trial: Neo-adjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Pelvic Radiotherapy and RADium-223 (ADRRAD; for new presentation T1–4 N0–1 M1B adenocarcinoma of prostate). Study treatments were: ADT, 6 cycles of radium-223 q28 days, conventionally fractionated prostate radiotherapy (74 Gy) and simultaneous integrated boost to pelvic lymph nodes (60 Gy).

Results:
No grade 4/5 toxicity was observed. Three patients experienced grade 3 leukopenia, and 1 each experienced grade 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia; all were asymptomatic. One patient each experienced grade 3 dysuria and grade 3 urinary infection. No grade 3 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was observed. On treatment completion, there was a signal of efficacy; 24 (80%) patients had whole-body MRI evidence of tumor response or stability. Twenty-seven (90%) patients showed a reduction in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared with pretreatment levels. Median progression-free survival was 20.5 months.

Conclusions:
This is the first trial of combination ADT, radium-223, and EBRT to pelvis, post docetaxel. The combination was safe, with an efficacy signal. Multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCT) are warranted.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Precursor Lesions
Authors: McCord Christina , Kiss Alex , Magalhaes Marco A. , Leong Iona T. , Jorden Tanya , Bradley Grace 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may be associated with precursor lesions known as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Few studies have reported on how OPMD diagnosis affects early detection and outcome of OSCC. We reviewed a large series of OSCC to determine the proportion that was associated with preceding OPMD and to compare the outcome of OSCC with or without precursor. Cases of oral–oropharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2015 were retrieved from the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) and matched to records of OPMD between 2001 and 2015 in two large oral pathology diagnostic services and the pathology databases of two hospitals with oral pathology services, to identify cases with precursor. Of 10,987 cancer cases, 378 (3.44%) had a preceding OPMD. Patients living in Central Ontario were more likely to have OPMD diagnosed before carcinoma than those in North Ontario (4.73% vs. 1.63%, P = 0.05). 329 of 5,257 cases of oral cancer were linked to a precursor, compared with 24 of 4,174 cases of oropharyngeal cancer (6.26% vs. 0.57%, P &lt; 0.0001). Oral cancers with precursor were predominantly diagnosed at stage I (49.30%), compared with those without precursor, where stage IV disease predominated (41.28%). Sixty-nine of 309 (22.33%) patients with precursor-associated oral cancer have died of disease, compared with 1,551 of 4,656 (33.31%) patients without a precursor (P = 0.02). We conclude that patients with OSCC associated with a precursor had significantly lower odds of dying from disease. The beneficial effect of precursor lesion diagnosis on outcome is related to a higher proportion of stage I disease.Prevention Relevance:OSCC causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially if diagnosed at late stages. Precursor lesions to OSCC can be recognized by clinical examination. Our study shows that early diagnosis of OSCC at the precursor stage can improve the outcome of oral cancer.
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMBINED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Yastremska I. O. 
Published: June 2021

Background. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia and low-grade inflammation induce the disorders of energy metabolism and ischemic damage to cardiomyocytes. It is an essential issue in pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction (ACS/MI).
Objective. The aim of the study was to improve the existing pharmacological therapy in patients with ACS/MI combined with metabolic syndrome (MS).
Methods. The study enrolled 95 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on concomitant metabolic syndrome. All groups were divided to subgroups, where patients received typical standard treatment according to the Ukrainian unified and modified treatment regimen with addition of L-arginine and L-carnitine.
Results. In 79.2% of patients with ACS/MI + MS the course of underlying disease was associated with various complications: pericarditis epistenocardica was diagnosed in 39.8% of patients; arrhythmias were present in 35.5% of patients of the main group; left ventricular aneurysm was present in 15.9% of patients. At the same time, significant changes in the indicators of vascular endothelial function in patients with ACS (MI) were revealed (the level of endothelin-1 in the blood plasma was in 2.1 times higher than the reference norm) that was the justification for inclusion of L-arginine and L-carnitine in the complex therapy of comorbid patients.
Conclusions. The multi-modality treatment with inclusion of L-arginine and L-carnitine facilitated restoration of energy supply of myocardial contractility, endothelial function of blood vessels, and antioxidant protection of the body and ultimately resulted in a more favorable course of this comorbid problem.
João Canavilhas: pontuações e revisões sobre o jornalismo em uma cultura midiática digital
Authors: Horn Aline Tainá Amaral , Lima Myrian Regina Del Vecchio de 
Published: June 2021

No final de 2019, durante o XI Congreso de Ciberperiodismo, em Bilbao, na Espanha, o pesquisador João Manuel Messias Canavilhas, da Universidade da Beira Interior (Covilhã, Portugal), concedeu esta entrevista.
Effect of Liraglutide on Arterial Inflammation Assessed as [
18
F]FDG Uptake in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ripa Rasmus S. , Zobel Emilie H. , von Scholten Bernt J. , Jensen Jacob K. , Binderup Tina , Diaz Lars J. , Curovic Viktor R. , Hansen Tine W. , Rossing Peter , Kjaer Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The mechanism behind the cardiovascular protection observed with human GLP-1 RA (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) in type 2 diabetes is unknown. We hypothesized that treatment with the GLP-1 RA liraglutide had a positive effect on vascular inflammation.

Methods:

LIRAFLAME (Effect of liraglutide on vascular inflammation in type-2 diabetes: A randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind, parallel clinical PET/CT trial) was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial performed at a single university hospital clinic in Denmark. Patients with type 2 diabetes were via computer-generated randomization list assigned (1:1) liraglutide up to 1.8 mg or placebo once daily for 26 weeks. The primary end point was change in vascular inflammation over 26 weeks assessed by [
18
F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Analyses were based on intention-to-treat. Key secondary outcomes included change in other indices of atherosclerosis.

Results:

Between October 26, 2017, and August 16, 2019, 147 patients were screened and 102 were randomly assigned to liraglutide (n=51) or placebo (n=51) and 99 (97%) completed the trial. Change in the [
18
F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography measure of vascular inflammation (active-segment target-to-background ratio) did not differ between treatment groups: change from baseline to 26 weeks was −0.04 (95% CI, −0.17 to 0.08) in the liraglutide group compared with −0.09 (−0.19 to 0.01) in the placebo group (mean difference, 0.05 [95% CI, −0.11 to 0.21],
P
=0.53). Secondary analyses restricted to [
18
F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography of the carotid arteries as well as other indices of atherosclerosis confirmed the primary result. We performed an explorative analysis of interaction between treatment group and history of cardiovascular disease (
P
=0.052).

Conclusions:

In this low to moderate risk population with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide did not change vascular inflammation assessed as [
18
F]-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake compared with placebo. An explorative analysis indicated a possible effect in persons with history of cardiovascular disease, in line with current guidelines where liraglutide is recommended to patients with history of cardiovascular disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03449654.
Mitral Regurgitation International Database (MIDA) Score Predicts Outcome in Patients With Heart Failure Undergoing Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Kavsur Refik , Spieker Maximilian , Iliadis Christos , Metze Clemens , Transier Moritz , Tiyerili Vedat , Horn Patrick , Baldus Stephan , Kelm Malte , Nickenig Georg , Westenfeld Ralf , Pfister Roman , Becher Marc Ulrich ,   of the Heart Failure Network Rhineland
Published: June 2021

Background
Optimizing risk stratification in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair is an ongoing challenge. The Mitral Regurgitation International Database (MIDA) score represents a user‐friendly mortality risk stratification tool that is validated on a large‐scale registry of patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR). We here assessed the potential benefit of the MIDA risk score for patients with functional or degenerative MR undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair.

Methods and Results

In total, 680 patients undergoing MitraClip implantation were stratified according to MIDA score tertiles into a low (0–7), intermediate (8–9), and a high (10–12) MIDA score group. MR was assessed in follow‐up echocardiograms in 416 patients at 323±169 days after transcatheter mitral valve repair. During 2‐year follow‐up, 8.2% (15/182) of patients with low, 21.3% (64/300) with intermediate, and 26.3% (52/198) with high MIDA score died (log‐rank test
P
<0.001). Hazard of all‐cause mortality increased by 13% (95% CI, 3%–25%) with every additional point of the MIDA score. Subanalysis of 431 patients with functional MR showed similar results. Furthermore, rates of a combined end point of mortality and hospitalization for heart failure were higher with increasing MIDA score (30% [54/182], 38% [113/300] and 48% [94/198], respectively, log‐rank test
P
=0.001). Frequency of residual MR ≥II at follow‐up increased with increasing MIDA score group (33%, 44%, and 59%, respectively,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
The MIDA mortality risk score maintains its predictive utility in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair, regardless of MR cause. Moreover, it was predictive of worse event‐free survival regarding a combined end point of mortality and hospitalization for heart failure, and was associated with postprocedural residual MR ≥II and MR recurrence.
Adenosine‐Induced Coronary Steal Is Observed in Patients Presenting With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Aetesam‐ur‐Rahman Muhammad , Brown Adam J. , Jaworski Catherine , Giblett Joel P. , Zhao Tian X. , Braganza Denise M. , Clarke Sarah C. , Agrawal Bobby S. K. , Bennett Martin R. , West Nick E. J. , Hoole Stephen P. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Adenosine is used to treat no‐reflow in the infarct‐related artery (IRA) during ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction intervention. However, the physiological effect of adenosine in the IRA is variable. Coronary steal—a reduction of blood flow to the distal coronary bed—can occur in response to adenosine and this is facilitated by collaterals. We investigated the effects of adenosine on coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients presenting with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction to better understand the physiological mechanism underpinning the variable response to adenosine.

Methods and Results

Pressure‐wire assessment of the IRA after percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 93 patients presenting with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction to calculate index of microvascular resistance, CFR, and collateral flow index by pressure. Modified collateral Rentrop grade to the IRA was recorded, as was microvascular obstruction by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Coronary steal (CFR <0.9), no change in flow (CFR=0.9–1.1), and hyperemic flow (CFR >1.1) after adenosine occurred in 19 (20%), 15 (16%), and 59 (63%) patients, respectively. Patients with coronary steal had higher modified Rentrop score to the IRA (1 [0, 1.75] versus 0 [0, 1],
P
<0.001) and a higher collateral flow index by pressure (0.25±0.10 versus 0.15±0.10,
P
=0.004) than the hyperemic group. The coronary steal group also had significantly higher index of microvascular resistance (61.68 [28.13, 87.04] versus 23.93 [14.67, 37.00],
P
=0.006) and had more disease (stenosis >50%) in the donor arteries (52.63% versus 22.03%,
P
=0.02) than the hyperemic group.

Conclusions
Adenosine‐induced coronary steal may be responsible for a reduction in coronary flow reserve in a proportion of patients presenting with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03145194. URL:
https://www.isrctn.com
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN3176727.
Left Atrial Strain to Predict Stroke in Patients With Acute Heart Failure and Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyeong , Hwang In‐Chang , Park Jin Joo , Park Jun‐Bean , Cho Goo‐Yeong 
Published: June 2021

Background
Stroke is a major comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), especially in those with decreased left atrial (LA) function, and thus, identifying patients highly at risk of stroke can prevent its occurrence. We evaluated the predictive value of global longitudinal strain of LA (LAGLS) in patients with acute HF and sinus rhythm.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective study, 2461 patients (53.3% men, 69.7±14.4 years old) with sinus rhythm and LAGLS among 4312 consecutive patients with acute HF from 3 tertiary hospitals were included. HF phenotypes were defined as HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (left ventricular EF ≤40%), HF with midrange EF (40% <left ventricular EF <50%), and HF with preserved ejection fraction (left ventricular EF ≥50%). Primary outcome was new‐onset stroke. The mean left ventricular EF was 39.4%±15.6%. Moreover, 1388 (57.5%), 342 (14.2%), and 682 (28.3%) were classified with HF with reduced EF, HF with midrange EF, and HF with preserved EF, retrospectively. LAGLS was 17.2%±10.4%. During the follow‐up duration (mean: 30.3±25.4 months), 100 patients experienced stroke. Patients with stroke had higher LA diameter (
P
=0.031) and lower LAGLS (
P
=0.010) than those without stroke. In the univariate analysis, age, diabetes mellitus, LA diameter, LA volume index, and LAGLS were significant risk factors for stroke. In the multivariate analysis, each 1% decrease in LAGLS was associated with a 3.8% increased risk for stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 1.038; 95% CI, 1.013–1.065;
P
=0.003). When applying a LAGLS cutoff point of 14.5%, patients with LAGLS <14.5% had approximately twice the risk for stroke after adjusting other significant variables (HR, 1.940; 95% CI, 1.269–2.965;
P
=0.002).

Conclusions
In patients with acute HF and sinus rhythm, decreased LAGLS (<14.5%) was associated with an increased risk for stroke, with an annual incidence of 2.38%.
Do Neural Networks for Segmentation Understand Insideness?
Authors: Villalobos Kimberly , Štih Vilim , Ahmadinejad Amineh , Sundaram Shobhita , Dozier Jamell , Francl Andrew , Azevedo Frederico , Sasaki Tomotake , Boix Xavier 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The insideness problem is an aspect of image segmentation that consists of determining which pixels are inside and outside a region. Deep neural networks (DNNs) excel in segmentation benchmarks, but it is unclear if they have the ability to solve the insideness problem as it requires evaluating long-range spatial dependencies. In this letter, we analyze the insideness problem in isolation, without texture or semantic cues, such that other aspects of segmentation do not interfere in the analysis. We demonstrate that DNNs for segmentation with few units have sufficient complexity to solve the insideness for any curve. Yet such DNNs have severe problems with learning general solutions. Only recurrent networks trained with small images learn solutions that generalize well to almost any curve. Recurrent networks can decompose the evaluation of long-range dependencies into a sequence of local operations, and learning with small images alleviates the common difficulties of training recurrent networks with a large number of unrolling steps.
On Neural Associative Memory Structures: Storage and Retrieval of Sequences in a Chain of Tournaments
Authors: Mofrad Asieh Abolpour , Mofrad Samaneh Abolpour , Yazidi Anis , Parker Matthew Geoffrey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Associative memories enjoy many interesting properties in terms of error correction capabilities, robustness to noise, storage capacity, and retrieval performance, and their usage spans over a large set of applications. In this letter, we investigate and extend tournament-based neural networks, originally proposed by Jiang, Gripon, Berrou, and Rabbat (2016), a novel sequence storage associative memory architecture with high memory efficiency and accurate sequence retrieval. We propose a more general method for learning the sequences, which we call feedback tournament-based neural networks. The retrieval process is also extended to both directions: forward and backward—in other words, any large-enough segment of a sequence can produce the whole sequence. Furthermore, two retrieval algorithms, cache-winner and explore-winner, are introduced to increase the retrieval performance. Through simulation results, we shed light on the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm.