bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Deep Learning Techniques for Misuse-Based Intrusion Detection Systems&nbsp;
Authors: Lansky Jan , Mohammadi Mokhtar , Mohammed Adil Hussein , Karim Sarkhel H.Taher , Rashidi Shima , Rahmani Amir Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The ever-increasing complication and severity of the computer networks' security attacks have inspired security researchers to apply various machine learning methods to protect the organizations' data and reputation. Deep learning is one of the exciting techniques that recently have been widely used by intrusion detection systems (IDS) to secure computer networks and hosts' performance. This survey article focuses on the signature-based IDS using deep learning techniques and puts forward an in-depth survey and classification of these schemes. For this purpose, it first presents the essential background concepts about IDS architecture and various deep learning techniques. It then classifies these schemes according to the type of deep learning methods applied in each of them. It describes how deep learning networks are utilized in the misuse detection process to recognize intrusions accurately. Finally, a complete analysis of the investigated IDS frameworks is provided, and concluding remarks and future directions are highlighted.
Malnutrition status, and its Associated Factors among Adult HIV Positive Attending ART at Public Hospitals of Bench Sheko Zone, South West, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Shifera Nigusie , Molla Abebaw , Mesafint Gebremeskel , Gichew Simegnew , Matiyas Rahel , Yosef Tewodros 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Almost 1.9 billion adults worldwide are overweight or obese, while 462 million are underweight. These are primarily found in countries with low and middle-incomes, like Ethiopia. Under nutrition is the frequent health problem among peoples living with HIV/AIDS, however no large-scale research, including a number of health facilities has been conducted in Ethiopia. So this study aimed to assess the nutritional status and under nutrition related factors among HIV/AIDS patients attending ART follow-up in public hospitals of Bench Sheko zones, south west, Ethiopia.Methods: In November/2020, a cross-sectional facility study design was carried out in all public hospitals in the Bench Sheko zone. To pick the study participants, a systematic sampling technique was used. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and entered into Epi-data 3.1, then exported to SPSS version 24 for statistical analysis. In order to identify the candidate and independent determinants of under-nutrition, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out respectively. Independent determinants of under-nutrition were measured using adjusted odds ratio with their corresponding 95% confidence level at P-value of < 0.05 cut of point.Results: A total of four hundred two adult HIV-positive patients who were attending in ART clinics were participated with 98% response rate. The proportion of under nutrition (BMI<18.5 kg/m2), normal nutrition (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and overweight or obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) patients were 29.2% [95% CI: (24.6-33.5)], 61.2% [95% CI: (56.5-66.3)], and 9.6% [95% CI: (6.6-12.9)] respectively. Out of under nutrition patients, severe malnutrition (BMI<16 kg/m2) accounted of 5.6%. Factors food insecurity [AOR: 3.26, 95% CI: (1.79-5.92)], poor ART adherence [AOR: 4.22, 95% CI: (1.47-12.14)], CD4 cell count ≤ 200 [AOR: 5.73, 95% CI: (2.45-13.13)], and substance user [AOR: 4.11, 95% CI: (2.31-7.30)] was independent factors of under nutrition.Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of malnutrition was high compared to other settings. The government should also pay due attention to improving the treatment of HIV/AIDS by offering nutritional support services in hospitals. Moreover policymaker and heath care professionals consider the effects of these factors for nutrition while providing ART service.
TNFRSF21 participates in Streptococcus agalactiae-induced inflammatory necrosis through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Yuan Lu , Ruan Jian , Zhang Mangling , Jiang Xiaojun , Li Jun , Cai Yafi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) has resulted in substantial economic loss to the animal husbandry industry; however, the associated molecular mechanism remains unclear and the role of TNFRSF21 in the inflammatory response caused by S. agalactiae is unknown. In this study, we focused on bacterial isolation and identification, histological observations, and provide the first report of the association between TNFRSF21 and pyroptosis. The results showed that S. agalactiae-induced inflammation can cause increasing damage of the tissue and pyroptosis ratio, significantly increased the level of inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β), and upregulate TNFRSF21 following S. agalactiae infection in a time-dependent manner. In conclusion, these findings indicated that it may fight against the inflammatory response induced by S. agalactiae by inhibiting TNFRSF21 expression and reducing NLRP3 inflammasome pathway-mediated inflammatory necrosis.
BMSC cells alleviate liver injury induced by ulcerative colitis via repairing the intestinal-liver barrier and activating hepatocyte growth factor
Authors: Deng Zhejun , Zhang Qifang , Meng Yunchao , Zhao Lei , Luo Wenjie , Zhang Jing , Hu Jie , Jiang Haixing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), belongs to inﬂammatory bowel diseases (IBD), frequently induces liver inflammation and injury. Previous studies have proved that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can suppress inflammation and improve intestinal mucosal injury in colitis, however, the eﬀects of BMSCs on colitis-induced liver injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the eﬀects and mechanisms of BMSCs in acute ulcerative colitis Balb/C mice, which were induced by 4 % dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Methods: In this study, BMSCs derived from Balb/C mice were administrated by single intravenous injection with a dose of 5*10^7 cells/kg. And then, the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Firstly, degree of liver injury in colitis mice was evaluated by hepatic ALT, AST, ALP and TBIL levels, which were measured by speciﬁc determination kits, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFNγ and LPS were examined by ELISA. Secondly, as the indicator of intestinal-liver barrier disorder, tight junction proteins were analyzed by western blot. Thirdly, the pathological changes in colon and liver were detected by H&E staining. At last, homing of BMSCs to lesion tissues was investigated by Immunofluorescence. Results: The results indicated that histopathological changes in model mice had been greatly alleviated, BMSCs infusion remarkably decreased the serum ALT, AST, ALP and TBIL level, and meanwhile reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver tissues. Furthermore, homing of BMSCs was observed in colon and liver, and the disorder of intestinal-liver barrier was declined significantly. Conclusions: In conclusion, BMSCs alleviate liver injury induced by ulcerative colitis via repairing the intestinal-liver barrier and activating hepatocyte growth factor, it has potential application prospects in the treatment of liver injury induced by ulcerative colitis.
The potential role of hsa_circ_0005505 in the rupture of human intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Chen Xin , Yang Shuzhe , Yang Junhua , Liu Qingyuan , Li Maogui , Wu Jun , Wang Hao , Wang Shuo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Recently, abundant numbers of studies have revealed many functions of circular RNAs in multiple diseases, however, the role of circular RNA in the rupture of human intracranial aneurysm is still unknown. This study aims to explore the potential functions of circular RNA in the rupture of human intracranial aneurysms.
Results

The differentially expressed circular RNAs between un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms (n = 5) and ruptured intracranial aneurysms (n = 5) were analyzed with the Arraystar human circRNAs microarray and total of 13175 circular RNAs were detected. Among them 63 circular RNAs upregulated and 54 circular RNAs downregulated significantly in ruptured intracranial aneurysms compared with un-ruptured intracranial aneurysms (p < 0.05, Fold Change > 1.5). 5 upregulated circular RNAs were selected for further study (hsa_circ_0001947, hsa_circ_0043001, hsa_circ_0064557, hsa_circ_0058514, hsa_circ_0005505). The results of qPCR showed only hsa_circ_0005505 significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). The expression of hsa_circ_0005505 was higher in ruptured intracranial aneurysm tissues. And our in vitro data showed that hsa_circRNA_005505 promotes the proliferation the migration and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell.
Conclusions

This study revealed an important role of hsa_circ_0005505 in the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell, and indicated that hsa_circ_0005505 may associated with the pathological process of intracranial aneurysms.
Removal of Organic Pollutantsfrom Produced Water by Batch Adsorption Treatment
Authors: Khader Eman Hashim , Mohammed Thamer Jassim , Mirghaffari Nourollah , Salman ali Dawood , Juzsakova Tatjána , Abdullah Thamer Adnan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the adsorption of oil, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity of the produced water (PW) which accompanies the oil exploration and production after treatment by using powdered activated carbon (PAC), clinoptilolite natural zeolite (CNZ) and synthetic zeolite type X (XSZ). Moreover, the paper deals with the comparison of pollutant removal over different adsorbents. Sorption was carried out in batch sorption system. The operating factors including adsorbent dosage, time, pH, oil concentration and temperature were investigated to determine the optimum operational conditions. Three adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models) were applied. The kinetics of the oil sorption and the change in COD content over on PAC and CNZ were studied by using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetics models. Maximum oil removal efficiencies (99.57, 95.87 and 99.84%), COD and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), respectively were found at PAC adsorbent dose of 0.25 g/100 mL. However, maximum turbidity removal efficiency (99.97%) was obtained when zeolite X was used at 0.25g/100 mL concentration. It is not very different from that obtained over PAC (99.65%). The results proved that adsorption over PAC is most effective compared to zeolites in the removal of organic pollutants from PW. Also, regeneration of the consumed adsorbents was carried out in this work to find out the possibility of reusing the adsorbents. The consumed powdered activated carbon and zeolites can be effectively regenerated and reused by chemical treatment and thermal treatment respectively.
Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Parameters Following the Use of Biphasic Alloplastic Material With Amniotic Membrane/ Collagen Membrane for the Management of Periodontal Intra-bony Defects – a Prospective Double Blinded Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Venkatesan Nivedha , Lavu Vamsi , Balaji S.K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The concept of periodontal regeneration has been revolutionised since the introduction of growth factors and bioactive bone substitutes which ensures optimal regeneration of the diseased periodontium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Amniotic membrane + Biphasic Calcium phosphate as compared to Collagen membrane + Biphasic Calcium phosphate for the management of periodontal intrabony defectsMethods: 50 systemically healthy patients with localised moderate to severe periodontitis, sites which had a Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) ≥6 mm and an intrabony component of ≥3 mm as detected on Intra oral periapical radiographs (IOPAR) and bone sounding were recruited based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly allocated by computer generated tables to CM+BiCP and AM+BiCP groups. The amount of bone fill and changes in Probing Pocket Depth, Clinical Attachment Level were measured at baseline and six months.Results: The results of the present study showed a mean reduction in the PPD of 2.89±.69 mm in the CM+BiCP group and 2.95±.57 mm in the AM+BiCP group and CAL gain of 2.60±1.43 mm in CM+BiCP group 3.18±1.13 mm in the AM+BiCP group at 6 months follow-up with no statistical significance between the groups. In terms of Defect resolution, 98.62 ± 6.51 % was achieved in CM +BiCP group and 98.25 ± 7.21 % in AM +BiCP group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that AM can be used as a barrier membrane, in conjunction with Biphasic calcium phosphate, and provides comparable results to Collagen membrane with Biphasic calcium phosphate when used in the management of periodontal intrabony defects. Trail registration: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (IEC/18/DEC/145/51) and was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India [Ref No: CTRI/2020/03/0240075].
RAMS11 Promotes CRC Through Mtor-Dependent Inhibition of Autophagy, Suppression of Apoptosis, and Promotion of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: KHAN Md Zahirul ISLAM , LAW Helen Ka-Wai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with diverse biological processes of cells. Over the past decades, cumulating research evidences revealed that abnormal expressions of lncRNAs are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapies. Moreover, their usefulness as candidate biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and prognosis are well evident throughout previous literature. In the current study, we examined the role and molecular mechanisms of newly identified lncRNA named RNA associated with metastasis-11 (RAMS11) in CRC development. MethodsThe expression of RAMS11 in CRC cell lines DLD-1, HT-29, HCT-116, and SW480 and colon normal cells CCD-112-CoN were evaluated by quantitative RT-qPCR. The results showed that the RAMS11 is significantly upregulated in CRC cell lines compared to the normal cells. The CCK-8 proliferation assay, colony formation assay, and migration assay were performed to evaluate the biological and physiological functions of RAMS11 in vitro. To decipher the molecular mechanisms of RAMS11 medicated CRC progression, we further performed western blot analysis of the key pathway proteins (e.g., AMPK, AKT, and mTOR).ResultsOur results revealed that higher expression of RAMS11 is associated with increased CRC proliferation, migration, and development of metastasis. Knockdown of RAMS11 induced autophagy, apoptosis along with reduction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) suggesting that RAMS11 is involved in CRC progression. The molecular mechanisms of RAMS11 indicated that knockdown of RAMS11 significantly inhibited CRC carcinogenesis through mTOR-dependent autophagy induction. ConclusionsIn sum, our results suggested that RAMS11 is an important oncogene in CRC pathogenesis. Targeting RAMS11 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC management.
Determination of Dislocation Density and Correlation Length of Si, Ti, Au and Zno on Ge by Peak Profile
Authors: Bilgili Ahmet Kürşat , ÇAĞATAY Rabia , DERVİŞOĞLU Hasan Celal , ÖZTÜRK Mustafa Kemal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, X-ray diffraction peaks of Si, Ti, Au and ZnO grown on Ge substrate with thickness of 500 nm by using sputtering method are analyzed to determine correlation length and dislocation density. It is seen that in most dense region of peaks, peak behaviour is in accordance with Gauss function. Right and left tails of peaks are in good accordance with q3 law. For randomized dislocations, obeying q3 law is typical and they can be monitored with w-scans by using open detectors. Whole profile is fitted with a limited dislocation dispersion. Edge dislocation density and correlation length are determined in the degree of 1010cm-2 and 103 nm, respectively. In order to gain these values, semi-experimental equations in Kragner method are used. For making a good fit, fit iteration step is taken as 9x106.
MA Nagement of METastatic Disease In Campania (MAMETIC): Epidemiologic Data and Palliative Radiotherapy in an Italian Region. Study Protocol
Authors: Franco Rossella Di , Cascella Marco , Fusco Mario , Borzillo Valentina , Scipilliti Esmeralda , D'Ippolito Emma , Ferraioli Piera , Petito Angela , Cuomo Arturo , Pignata Sandro , Napoli Marilena Di , Rossetti Sabrina , Celentano Egidio , Crispo Anna , Grimaldi Maria , Muto Paolo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background. In the Italian Campania Region, 30.517 new cases of solid cancer have been diagnosed, in 2019. Of those, patients with metastatic disease are up to 20%. This class of patients is extremely diversified and copious, and the offer of radiotherapy may vary in different geographical areas within the same region. The aim of this observational multicenter retrospective and prospective trial is to evaluate the occurrence of metastatic disease in several areas of a great Italian region, the management of the disease through RT approaches, and its impact on cancer-related pain and overall HRQoL. Methods. This is a multicenter, retrospective and prospective observational investigation. The retrospective part of the study concerns all patients enrolled with a diagnosis of metastatic disease and treated in RT centers within the Campania Region between January 2019 to July 2020. The prospective phase is going to involve all the metastatic patients with an indication of palliative RT. Considering regional epidemiological data, we expect an enrollment of 12.500-21.000 patients in 5 years.Conclusion. The MAMETIC Trial is an epidemiological study designed for investigating the different prevalence of tumors in the metastatic phase within a regional area, and for evaluating the local response to the patient's request. It can be a unique opportunity, not only to highlight possible geographic differences but also to regularly collect and share data to standardize the therapeutic offer within the regional area. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04595032.
The Protective Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Against Osteoarthritis in Rats - Role of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Wang Tianci , Ren Dong , Su Yunshan , Lu Jian , Li Ming , Chen Yufeng , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study explored the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on osteoarthritis (OA). CIHH conditioning was realized by exposing rats to hypobaric hypoxia environment mimicking 5,000 m high-altitude (PB=404 mmHg, PO2=84 mmHg) 6 h per day, once daily for 28 days. OA model was induced by surgically-induced medial meniscal tear. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups: preconditioning group （CIHH + OA）, postconditioning group （OA + CIHH）, control group, inhibitor group [OA + inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor], blank control group. The expression iNOS, nitric oxide (NO) content levels in the joint fluid were measured at 1, 2, 3 weeks after the OA modelling. Results revealed that OA modelling induced cartilage degeneration, up-regulated iNOS expression, increased joint fluid NO content. CIHH preconditioning and postconditioning reduced cartilage degeneration, prevented the NO production. Inhibitor groups showed alleviated joint degeneration than control group, but not as effective as CIHH condition. These results suggest that both CIHH preconditioning and postconditioning plays a protective role on OA, one of the mechanism was inhibiting the overexpression of iNOS and NO production.
The Effects of Sorafenib and Natural Killer Cell Co-injection in Combinational Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma; In Vivo
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Faezeh , Ai Jafar , Hajifathali Abbas , Muhammadnejad Samad , Ebrahimi-Barough Somayeh , Seyhoun Iman , Movahhed Tahereh Komeili , shirian Sadegh , Hosseinzadeh Fatemeh , Ahmadpour Sajjad , Alijani Mohammadreza , Verdi Javad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Natural killer cells (NKC) and Sorafenib (Sor) are two important agents for treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Over the last decade, the interaction of Sor and NKC against HCC tumors has been very challenging. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of combination therapy of NKC plus Sor for HCC in vivo. Methods: Subcutaneous xenograft models of HCC were established in nude mice. For safety assessment of the treatment, the kidney and liver functions were analyzed. Paraffin embedded tumor sections were histopathologically studied and IHC tests were done to evaluate the angiogenesis (CD34) and proliferation (Ki67) indexes. The TUNEL assay was performed to identify tumor apoptosis. Serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA assay and expression levels of major inflammatory cytokines and cytoplasmic granules in xenograft HCC tumors were quantified by using real-time PCR.Results: Combination therapy with NKC and Sor significantly inhibited necrosis and apoptosis in tumor cells and increased angiogenesis and proliferation of HCC cells compared to monotherapy of NKC or Sor alone. The serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ as well as the expression levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, ILs-1, 6 and 10, granzyme B and perforin in the xenograft HCC tumor tissues of mouse treated with both NKC and Sor were significantly decreased than those detected in xenograft HCC groups treated with NKC or Sor alone.Conclusion: Combination therapy of the specific dosage of NKC and Sor cannot inhibit the HCC xenograft growth rate through a synergistic effect. All experimental procedures were performed according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guide for the care and use of Laboratory animals and were approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Tehran University (IECTU) of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1397.181)
Study of Oxidative Stress Indices, Morphological Response, Mineral Absorption in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Under Cadmium Stress and Bioinformatics of HMA Poteins
Authors: Kolahi Maryam , Kazemi Elham Mohajel , Yazdi Milad , Goldson-Barnaby Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Stress distribution pattern in the distal radioulnar joint before and after ulnar shortening osteotomy in patients with ulnar impaction syndrome
Authors: Hontani Kazutoshi , Matsui Yuichiro , Kawamura Daisuke , Urita Atsushi , Momma Daisuke , Hamano Hiroki , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) for ulnar impaction syndrome potentially leads to degenerative changes of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sigmoid notch morphology on the stress distribution pattern of the DRUJ using computed tomography (CT) osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM). We reviewed the pre- and postoperative transverse CT images of 15 wrists that had undergone USO. The examined wrists were classified into two groups based on the sigmoid notch morphology: the linear-type notch (type L) and the curved-type notch (type C). We calculated and statistically compared the percentage of the high-density area (%HDA) in each divided region of the sigmoid notch. In type L, %HDA was significantly larger in the distal-dorsal region of the sigmoid notch before USO. Postoperatively, in type L, no specific regions showed significantly different %HDA. In type C, %HDA was significantly larger in the distal-volar region of the sigmoid notch before USO. Postoperatively, %HDA of type C was significantly larger in the proximal-volar region. Our results suggest that in patients with USO, morphological evaluation of the sigmoid notch can serve as a predictor of osteoarthritis in the DRUJ with or without USO.