bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of pre-sowing sunflower seeds treatment in electric field and plant growth stimulant on water consumption and yield
Authors: Aksenov M P , Petrov N Yu , Belyaev A I , Pugacheva A M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The work presents the results of the 2015-2017 field studies on the effect of presowing treatment of seeds of sunflower hybrids NK Neoma, ES Petunia and LG 5550 in an electric field of alternating voltage with an established electric field intensity of 8 kV/cm and 60 seconds exposure and a growth regulator Zerebra Agro on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds. The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions and aimed to determine the optimal mode of seed treatment in an electric field of alternating voltage, at which the maximum viability and germination energy are achieved relative to the control. The effect of the growth regulator Zerebra Agro during pre-sowing treatment was studied using the dosage of the drug recommended by the manufacturer. The influence of the studied methods of presowing seed treatment on the total water consumption and the coefficient of water consumption was experimentally established. On the options with pre-sowing treatment, less moisture was required to form 1 ton of seeds. Without pre-sowing treatment, the water consumption coefficient varied from 1258.4 m3/t for the hybrid NK Neoma to 1407.7 m3/t for the hybrid ES Petunia. Moisture was most economically consumed by hybrid LG 5550 when treating seeds in an electric field of 1172.2 m3/t. When implementing pre-sowing treatment with a growth regulator, the minimum indicator of the water consumption coefficient for the hybrid NK Neoma was 122.89 m3/t and the maximum for the hybrid ES Petunia was 1318.5 m3/t. Depending on the pre-sowing treatment method, the yield increased from 8.97% in the hybrid ES Petunia when being treated with the growth regulator to 14.78% in the hybrid NK Neoma with the treatment in an electric field.
The biotechnological method of livestock waste disposal
Authors: Anisimova O S , Kolomytsa V A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In livestock farms, the biotechnological animal waste disposal method can be used. Almost 150 million tons of organic waste are produced by farms every year. It has a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the livestock complex needs to utilize its production wastes. The aim of the article is to study advantages of the biotechnological method of utilization of livestock production waste. A comparative analysis of various methods was carried out. The technological and economic advantages of the biotechnological method were determined, recommendations for the implementation of this method in livestock farms were given.
Evaluation of the efficiency of row-crop seeders using vacuum and extrabaric seed metering methods
Authors: Khizhnyak V I , Shchirov V V , Nesmiyan A Yu , Avramenko F V , Kochergin A S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Developed agricultural production is the basis for the economy of any country. Therefore, it is important to develop agricultural technologies, mechanize the cultivation process, provide organizational and information support, etc. Crop production is an important part of agricultural production. Agricultural crops are grown using various cultivation technologies. In each technology, sowing is the most important process, that allows you to predict the volume of future crops and determine profitability of the agricultural production. The article sub-stantiates the fundamental influence of high-quality sowing on the yield of sunflower seeds. The processes of dosing sunflower seeds with pneumatic seeders are described. The advantages of the extrabaric seed dosing system in comparison with the vacuum seed dosing system are identified. The conditions and methods of conducting a field study in the south of Russia are described to assess the quality of sowing sunflower seeds by vacuum and extrabaric dosing systems. The results of a field study of the quality of distribution of seeds and sunflower plants in the soil are analyzed for arid conditions of southern Russia. The quality of arrangement of sunflower plants was analyzed for vacuum and extrabaric dosing systems. The possibility of improving the vacuum and extrabaric dosing systems is described.
The influence of design parameters on the pressure in the extruder for the production of sapropelic feed
Authors: Morozov V V , Bogdanov K A , Ignatenkov V G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, agriculture is an intensively developing industry. To provide the population with meat, milk, and wool, the volume of livestock products is increasing, which entails the development of forage production. The development of feed production is possible by improving the quality of products and reducing the cost of feed production. The quality can be improved by using the extrusion method, which increases the digestibility and nutritional value of feed. The addition of sapropel provides animals with vitamins and minerals. As a result of the scientific and economic experiments conducted on broiler chickens, it was found that birds that were fed with extruded sapropele grain had a greater weight gain. For the production of extruded sapropelic feed, an extruder with a double-entry screw and conical compression rings can be used. It can reduce extrusion losses and the screw length. To determine the design parameters, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model of the pressure change in the extruder along the screw length. Having analyzed the mixture movement through the annular conical channel of the die and built an equilibrium equation for the elementary section, we have a mathematical model for determining the pressure in front of the forming head. In a similar way, a mathematical model was built to determine the pressing pressure in front of the compression seal. The paper describes mathematical relationships for determining the pressure at any point in the extruder. Using the mathematical relationships, design parameters that affect the pressure in the extruder have been determined.
Feasibility and efficiency of agricultural machinery maintenance
Authors: Myalo O V , Prokopov S P , Myalo V V , Redreev G V , Demchuk E V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The greatest impact on machine uptime and performance is the timely and high-quality maintenance. The main contradiction is inherent in the system of maintenance and use of machines, in the coincidence of the timing of their performance: the more time is spent, the more maintenance operations need to be performed. As a result, during busy periods of fieldwork, to ensure high operating time, to the detriment of prevention, the mechanic has to virtually eliminate only the consequences of failures, which leads to their increase, machine productivity is reduced and operating costs increase. With the current trend of having more than one machine per operator, the operator is physically unable to perform all types of maintenance and repair work alone. Therefore, it would be advisable to transfer some of these works to specialized enterprises. The problem of increasing the reliability of tractors can also be solved by deeper specialization and intensification of maintenance operations during their transfer to nonstressed periods of fieldwork. In the work the structure of formation of technical service at the enterprises of agroindustrial complex is proposed and theoretically grounded. The main advantages of the proposed system of technical service are considered.
Green fertilizers as a way to preserve fertility of ordinary chernozem
Authors: Kravtsova E V , Rudakova L V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effectiveness of green fertilizers depends on the type, productivity and method of using green manure crops. The more and better the green mass of manure crops, the better the effect. In our studies, such green manure crops as sainfoin, rapeseed, white mustard, chickpeas and a mixture of legumes (spring barley + peas) were used. During the beginning of flowering, they were planted. The maximum content of the biomass of air-dry matter for sainfoin and a legume mixture was 5.85 and 5.61 t / ha, respectively. The highest rates of green mass for sainfoin was 3.74 t/ha. For other green manure crops, the differences varied from 1.19 to 3.12 t/ha. Analysis of nutrients in the soil showed that after planting green manure in the arable layer, the amount of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increased. The highest content of nutritional elements was for nitrate nitrogen after sainfoin, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium after rapeseed. Green manure crops (chickpea, rapeseed and white mustard) have a beneficial effect about content agronomically valuable units 10.0 … 0.25 mm in soil layer of 0 … 30 cm and improve soil structure. Thus, it was found that siderates enrich the soil with organic matter and basic nutrients, which improves the nutrition of grain crops at the initial stages of development and preserves the soil fertility of ordinary chernozem.
Reduction of mechanical damage to buckwheat seeds during mechanized treatment
Authors: Trotsenko V V , Trotsenko I V , Komendantova N V , Babariko A A , Ivanova I P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to the issues of the efficiency increasing for buckwheat seed production by reducing mechanical damage during mechanized processing. It is indicated that one of the possible ways to reduce grain damage by machines’ details on a mechanized line is to assess the degree of damage adequately. Due to the fact that the samples analysis for mechanical damages taken from a grain batch that has passed according to any technological processing scheme is a labor-intensive and time-consuming procedure, the reliability of the results of which is largely dependent on the human factor, it is proposed to increase accuracy measurements on the basis of reliable experimental data, reveal the patterns of injury depending on the state of the grain material and its physical and mechanical properties, and in accordance with this, in the future, predict the quantitative increase in mechanical damage in general and by the types of injuries inflicted on the grain by a particular machine by using mathematical relationships. There are the theoretical dependence for the mechanical damages indicators on the number of passes through the machine and experimental dependence on humidity in this article established by using Markov chains. It was revealed that with mechanized processing there is a process of successive transition from less dangerous injuries to more dangerous injuries. The indicators of mechanical damage prediction will permit to compare the efficiency of individual machines of the production line in terms of their damaging ability and purposely design the technological process with minimal damage of the grain material.
Analysis of the process of pneumatic conveying of seeds through the seed drill tube
Authors: Lavrukhin P V , Ivanov P A , Zhigailov A V , Senkevich S E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the methodology and results of experimental studies of the dependence of the flight distance of seeds in the sub-coulter space on the speed of airflow, provides a comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental studies. The experiment results in determination of mathematical expectation of seed flight distance, mean square deviation, coefficient of variation, absolute and relative errors. The resulting function is linear in nature and shows a directly proportional relationship of factors. For the quantitative evaluation of compliance of theoretical and experimental studies, the authors chose the following criteria: correlation coefficient r, Fisher criterion F and Student coefficient t. Calculations results in the following values: r=0.535; tp=1.031; Fp=3.493. Comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental studies shows that dependencies have an average force relationship (r=0.535), the difference between them is not significant (tT
≻ tP
), and the proposed model is adequate (FT
≻ FP
).
Improving the elements of organic farming in rice cultivation
Authors: Prikhodko I A , Vladimirov S A , Alexandrov D A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The guarantee of food security of any state is to obtain guaranteed yields of high-quality agricultural products. The implementation of such a task is feasible only if all the technological and environmental conditions of its cultivation are met. In the current situation, when, along with the growing anthropogenic load on the land of the agricultural Fund and the reduction of available irrigation water, as well as non - compliance with agricultural production technologies, organic farming is the solution to the urgent problem of obtaining high yields of high-quality products without compromising the agricultural resource potential of soils. The transfer of production to organic farming should be carried out in stages, due to the high cost of its implementation and the use of a large number of additional resources (agro-reclamation, economic, energy, labor, technical and technological, environmental). In our research, we suggest using an organic method for cleaning drainage runoff with halophytes planted in phyto-sections located in the discharge channels of the rice irrigation system. It was found that the use of phyto-sections of various lengths, depending on the chemical composition of drainage and discharge waters, allows one to clean the drainage runoff from mechanical impurities, organic and biogenic elements. This makes it possible to reduce suffusion and removal of nutrients from rice checks, reduce the irrigation rate by 10%, increase the reclamation state of soils, and reduce the cost of rice production by 7%.
Electro-technology of feeding fish with flying insects attracted by electro-optical traps
Authors: Shabaev E.A. , Evdokimov A.Yu. , Kukotin G.V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the problems of the provision of fish farms with feed and the increase of live feed in the diet of fish, due to the natural food base around water bodies. A review of electro-optical installations for feeding fish with insects attracted to reservoirs by optical emission was carried out. The increase in the efficiency of these electrical installations was achieved by the creation of optical emission with optimal color index coordinates from the point of view of positive phototaxis for insects. The use of electro-optical installations for feeding fish with insects can increase the productivity of ponds, reduce the cost of artificial feed and increase the profitability of fish production.
Selection of effective technological parameters for vacuum drying of hard cheeses
Authors: Ermolaev V , Kechkin I , Makhacheva E , Yakovchenko M , Gurkovskaya E , Glebova I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of the influence of such vacuum drying technological parameters as the layer thickness and the degree of product grinding on the process efficiency. Experiments on vacuum drying of hard cheeses have been carried out while selecting the above parameters. Their influence on the duration of the process, organoleptic assessment and mass fraction of moisture in dry products has been established. It was found that with an increase in the thickness of the product layer, the duration of dehydration increases, but this increases the productivity of the installation as a whole. There was calculated values of the product relative surface for various degrees of grinding and shape. The organoleptic assessment made it possible to establish that the best quality is characterized by cheeses dehydrated with a thickness from 10 to 30 mm. In this mode, the organoleptic score can reach 26 points. If the layer thickness increases up to 40 mm, the organoleptic score decreases to 25-24 points. The mass fraction of moisture in dry cheeses has been determined depending on the thickness of the drying layer, the shape of the product and the degree of grinding. It was found that it is advisable to dehydrate cheeses with the above grinding parameters, which provides a minimum drying time, high quality indicators of the product, minimum energy consumption, and reaching the moisture mass fraction no more than 7%.
Economic efficiency of the use of microelement chelates in cultivation of spring wheat on quasigleyic blac soil
Authors: Goman N V , Bobrenko I A , Popova V V , Gaidar A A , Boldysheva E P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to study the effect of foliar feeding with Zn and Cu chelates in the tillering period on the size and quality of the grain yield of spring common wheat during the cultivation on quasi-gleyic medium-thick, highly humus-rich, heavy loamy black soil in Omsk region. The field experiment scheme included the following options: without trace elements (control group); Zn10; Zn20; Zn30; Cu10; Cu20; Cu30. The use of Zn and Cu chelates for foliar feeding of plants during the tillering period had a positive effect on the yield, quality, germination energy, seed germination, the mass of 1000 grains and the unit of wheat grain. The increase in grain yield was 0.10-0.23 t / ha (4.5-10.5%) in average. In this experiment, the best dose of Zn and Cu chelates was 20 g / ha. The highest protein content was in the options with seed treatment with Zn20 - 14.35% and Cu30 - 13.95%, the yield of protein increased from 295 in the control group to 322-344 kg / ha when chelates were applied. The energy of seed germination significantly increased from 93.3 in the control group to 94.8-98.0%, with foliar feeding. When Zn chelate was used, the largest mass of 1000 grains (32.33 g) and grain nature (709 g / l) were formed in the Zn20 option, and when Cu chelate was used, the Cu10 option (32.45 g) was characterized by the highest value of the 1000-grain mass, which amounted to 717 g / l. D
Agrogenetic and chemical properties of soils in Lower Volga region in conditions of vegetable rotations
Authors: Matveeva N I , Zvolinsky V P , Petrov N Yu , Aksenov M P , Belyaev A I , Pugacheva A M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of the study of the chemical composition of light chestnut soils of Astrakhan region and chestnut soils of Volgograd region in the conditions of vegetable rotation. In the field condition, soil samples were taken at different depths on virgin soil, at 0.22 … 0.25 m and 0.00 … 0.45 m on arable land. In laboratory conditions, the granulometric analysis of soils, determination of hygroscopic moisture, determination of the content of particles of different diameters, the content of macroelements and microelements in the soils of Lower Volga region were carried out. The results of the analysis show the following tendencies: hygroscopic moisture in arable lands significantly increased in comparison with virgin lands. Ehe hygro-scopic moisture on virgin soil in horizon A was 3.65%, which was 1.87 times higher than its value on the light chestnut soils of the Caspian region. On arable land, the value of hygroscopic moisture was lower than its reserves on light chestnut soils and 1.5 times lower than on virgin soil. The amount of particles less than 0.01 mm on virgin land was significantly higher than on arable land, namely, A horizon of virgin land was 55.06%, Aarl horizon of arable land was 0.22-0.25 m - 38.20%.
Effectiveness of microbiological preparations, growth stimulants and fertilizers in winter wheat crops on ordinary chernozem
Authors: Repka D A , Potapov E A , Beltyukov L P , Kuvshinova E K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the data from two field experiments on the effect of microbiological preparations, growth stimulants and fertilizers on the yield and quality of grain of various varieties of winter wheat. In the first experiment, the following biological products were studied: Extrasol, Rostock and water-soluble fertilizers Aquamix, Aquarin 5 and Aquarin 9 on winter wheat varieties Niva Stavropolya in crops according to forecrop of black fallow and Victoria 11 in crops according to the forecrop oil flax. It was found that the highest yield had Niva Stavropolya variety - 5.59 t / ha and in Victoria 11 variety - 3.97 t / ha, as well as the best grain quality were formed with the combined application of fertilizers and biological products in the following combination: P60κ40 before sowing (according to forecrop black fallow) and N60P60K40 (according to forecrop oil flax) + N30 for tillering + + N30 for heading. At the same time, before sowing, it is advisable to use the water-soluble fertilizer Aquamix (0.1 l / t) for seed treatment, -Aquamarine 5 (2 l / ha) and for the treatment of vegetative plants in tillering and Aquarine 9 (2 l / ha) for heading. In the second experiment, the effect of microbiological preparations Emistim / biostim, Rizoagrin, Flavobacterin, Extrasol and growth regulators Rostok and Gumat on the productivity of soft winter wheat varieties Yuka and Grom in crops after the forecrop black fallow was studied. It was found that the highest yield of the variety Grom - 9.24 t / ha was provided by Emistim and Yuka variety - 9.03 t / ha Humat growth regulator.
Characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of the agrochemical properties of arable chernozem soils in areas with a heterogeneous relief in the aspect of variable rate application
Authors: Sahabiev I A , Smirnova E V , Giniyatullin K G , Ryzhikh L Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The heterogeneous relief leads to an uneven distribution of nutrients in the redistribution of crop rotation fields, which creates the prerequisites for contamination of adjacent environments and introduces risks to the production of eco-products when applying mineral fertilizers calculated for the entire. Taking into account the uncertainty introduced by the relief into the spatial distribution of soil fertility indices increases the accuracy of the VRA maps. However, it is often moved beyond the interests of introducing precision farming technologies. In this work, using various methods of regression modeling, the characteristic of the variability of the properties of chernozem soils on two arable lands with different heterogeneous relief is given. In the area with heights from 80 to 140 m, the relief determines from 24 to 58% of the spatial variability of soil properties, and in the area with a flat relief (110-150 m), the proportion of the dispersion of soil parameters described by the relief is much lower and amounts to 13-30%. It is shown that, in areas with significant elevation differences, it is possible to use regression techniques to describe the spatial distribution of soil properties, while in leveled areas, regression models need to be supplemented with a geostatistical description of spatial heterogeneity.