bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a thromboembolic pathogenesis of lung cavitations in severely ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kruse Jan Matthias , Zickler Daniel , Lüdemann Willie M. , Piper Sophie K. , Gotthardt Inka , Ihlow Jana , Greuel Selina , Horst David , Kahl Andreas , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Elezkurtaj Sefer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces lung injury of varying severity, potentially causing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pulmonary injury patterns in COVID-19 patients differ from those in patients with other causes of ARDS. We aimed to explore the frequency and pathogenesis of cavitary lung lesions in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Retrospective study in 39 critically ill adult patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 including lung injury of varying severity in a tertiary care referral center during March and May 2020, Berlin/Germany. We observed lung cavitations in an unusually large proportion of 22/39 (56%) COVID-19 patients treated on intensive care units (ICU), including 3/5 patients without mechanical ventilation. Median interquartile range (IQR) time between onset of symptoms and ICU admission was 11.5 (6.25–17.75) days. In 15 patients, lung cavitations were already present on the first CT scan, performed after ICU admission; in seven patients they developed during a subsequent median (IQR) observation period of 48 (35–58) days. In seven patients we found at least one cavitation with a diameter > 2 cm (maximum 10 cm). Patients who developed cavitations were older and had a higher body mass index. Autopsy findings in three patients revealed that the cavitations reflected lung infarcts undergoing liquefaction, secondary to thrombotic pulmonary artery branch occlusions. Lung cavitations appear to be a frequent complication of severely ill COVID-19 patients, probably related to the prothrombotic state associated with COVID-19.
Colloidal synthesis of lead-free Cs2TiBr6−xIxperovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Liga Shanti Maria , Konstantatos Gerasimos 
Published: August 2021

First colloidal synthesis of pure and mixed bromide–iodide cesium titanium perovskite nanocrystals. By adjusting the halide precursors’ ratio, the bandgap can be tuned from 2.3 eV to 1.2 eV.
The Contribution of Vocabulary, Grammar, and Phonological Awareness Across a Continuum of Narrative Ability Levels in Young Children
Authors: Khan Kiren S. , Logan Jessica , Justice Laura M. , Bowles Ryan P. , Piasta Shayne B. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeNarrative skill represents a higher-level linguistic skill that shows incremental development in the preschool years. During these years, there are considerable individual differences in this skill, with some children being highly skilled narrators (i.e., precocious) relative to peers of their age. In this study, we explored the contribution of three lower-level language skills to a range of narrative abilities, from children performing below expected levels for their age to those performing much higher than the expected levels for their age. We speculated that individual differences in lower-level skills would contribute meaningfully to variability in narrative skills.MethodUsing a sample of 336 children between 3 and 6 years of age (M= 4.27 years,SD= 0.65), both multiple regression and quantile regression approaches were used to explore how vocabulary, grammar, and phonological awareness account for variance in children's “narrative ability index” (NAI), an index of how children scored on the Narrative Assessment Protocol–Second Edition relative to the expected performance for their age.ResultsMultiple regression results indicated that lower-level language skills explained a significant amount of variance (approximately 13%) in children's NAI scores. Quantile regression results indicated that phonological awareness and vocabulary accounted for significant variance in children's NAI scores at lower quantiles. At the median quantile, vocabulary and grammar accounted for significant variance in children's NAI scores. For precocious narrators, only vocabulary accounted for a significant amount of variance in children's NAI scores.ConclusionResults indicate that lower-level language skills work in conjunction to support narrative skills at different ability levels, improving understanding of how lower-level language skills contribute across a spectrum of higher-level linguistic abilities.
Speech-Language Therapy Clinical Services, Student Education, and Practical Training in the Time of COVID-19: The Rise of Telepractice, Telesupervision, and Distance Learning in Cyprus
Authors: Voniati Louiza , Kilili-Lesta Margarita , Christopoulou Maria C. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This study aimed to outline the changing forms of speech-language pathology practices, for both clinical services, as well as the profession's education and practicum training in the time of COVID-19 at the European University Cyprus (EUC). This study also aimed to document the steps taken to continue service delivery safely and effectively for both the EUC's Speech, Language and Hearing Clinic's clients and the speech-language therapy students completing their practicum.

Method
The steps for the access to and continuity of speech-language therapy services and education/training are outlined chronologically, throughout the different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic status in the country. The rise of telepractice, telesupervision, and distance learning, adapted as solutions to the obstacles caused by the pandemic, are explained in detail, while the benefits and limitations are discussed at each step. The professional development that had to take place before this rise is also described.

Conclusions
The utilization of online/telecommunication technology for education, practical training, and speech-language pathologist service delivery during the time of COVID-19 in Cyprus is here to stay and will probably affect the future of the profession's clinical practice, and consequently, training programs in Cyprus in the years to come. It is uncertain if the effects of such adaptations can generalize in other populations or countries, especially where regulations and policies are already in place, or where the technological foundation is not similar. Through the benefits and limitations presented, conclusions are drawn for the future applications of telepractice, telesupervision, and distance learning post–COVID-19. Suggestions are made for the possible areas of future research, concerning clinical practice and clinical practicum training, as well as for the need to define regulations and establish these types of services in the country.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.15057396
Infrasound signals of fireballs detected by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper
Authors: Ott T. , Drolshagen E. , Koschny D. , Drolshagen G. , Pilger C. , Gaebler P. , Hupe P. , Mialle P. , Vaubaillon J. , Poppe B. 
Published: August 2021

Context. Fireballs are particularly bright meteors produced by large meteoroids or small asteroids that enter the Earth’s atmosphere. These objects, of sizes from some tens of centimetres to a few metres, are difficult to record with typical meteor detection methods. Therefore, their characteristics and fluxes are still not well known. Infrasound signals can travel particularly well through the atmosphere over large distances. Impacting meteoroids and asteroids can produce those signals, as well as space-detectable optical signatures.
Aims. This paper aims to study and compare fireball data from the Geostationary Lightning Mappers (GLMs) on board the two Geostationary Observational Environmental Satellites (GOES-16 and GOES-17) and the data from the infrasound stations of the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (Vienna, Austria). The overall goal is a more accurate energy estimation of meteoroids and asteroids as well as a better understanding of both methods.
Methods. The data consist of the brightest 50 events in the GLM database, as identified by recorded peak energy. For 24 of those fireballs, a significant signature could be identified in infrasound data. The data are supplemented by, if available, optical fireball data based on US government sensors on satellites provided by NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS).
Results. The energies as computed from the GLM data range from 3.17 × 107 J up to 1.32 × 1012 J with a mean of 1.65 × 1011 J. The smallest meteoroid recorded by infrasound had an energy of about 1.8 × 109 J, the largest one of about 9.6 × 1013 J, and the mean energy is 5.2 × 1012 J. For 19 events, data were simultaneously available from all three data sources. A comparison between the energy values for the same event as determined from the different data sources indicates that CNEOS tends to give the lowest energy estimations. Analysis of infrasound data results in the largest derived energies.
Conclusions. The energies derived using the three methods often deviate from one another by as much as an order of magnitude. This indicates a potential observational bias and highlights uncertainties in fireball energy estimation. By determining the fireball energy with another independent method, this study can help to better quantify and address this range of uncertainty.
Eisen und Digitalis bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Kempf Tibor , Bauersachs Johann , Bavendiek Udo 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungNeben der medikamentösen Standardtherapie der Herzinsuffizienz (HI) gilt es, Patienten zu identifizieren, die von einer Eisensupplementation oder Therapie mit Digitalis profitieren können. Wir haben die aktuelle Evidenz für diese Therapien zusammengestellt und beschreiben, wie die HI-Therapie mit Eisen und Digitalis individualisiert werden kann. Eine Eisensupplementation verbessert Leistungsfähigkeit, Symptome und Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit symptomatischer Herzinsuffizienz und Eisenmangel. Die Daten aus der unlängst publizierten AFFIRM-AHF-Studie zeigen, dass eine Eisentherapie mit Eisencarboxymaltose zudem HI-Hospitalisationen verhindert. Die Therapie mit Digitalis sollte bei fortgeschrittenen Stadien der Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter systolischer Funktion trotz leitliniengerechter Pharmako- und Devicetherapie in Erwägung gezogen werden, insbesondere, wenn diese aufgrund von Komorbiditäten nur eingeschränkt möglich ist. Auch bei koexistentem Vorhofflimmern
ist Digitalis zur Herzfrequenzkontrolle von großem Wert. Serumkonzentrationen von Digitalis im niedrigen therapeutischen Bereich sind anzustreben.
Imaging of Subcutaneous Ovarian Transposition and Its Rare Complications—A Pictorial Assay
Authors: Pratap Thara , Chithratara K. , Jalal Muhammed Jasim Abdul , Jacob Dhanya , Vishnu A. K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOvarian transposition, as the name implies, is transpositioning the ovary from its normal anatomical position to another location. This procedure is usually done to preserve the ovarian function. The most common indication of ovarian transposition is early cervical cancer in young premenopausal women to preserve fertility. Subcutaneous ovarian transposition can also be done for benign conditions such as adenomyosis and severe endometriosis in young premenopausal women. We discuss our experience with ovarian transposition in 9 cases, normal ultrasound and CT imaging findings in transposed ovaries, and rare complications which occurred in 2 cases.
Dasatinib—A Generation Ahead
Authors: Carthikeyan Subramaniam Murali , Jayachandran Perumal Kalaiyarasi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDasatinib is a highly potent second-generation (2G) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used in the management of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive leukemias, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In CML, dasatinib produces higher rates of early and deeper molecular responses compared with imatinib. The drug has its share of toxicities, namely, cytopenias, cardiovascular, and pleural effusion. This review describes the pharmacological aspects of dasatinib, clinically relevant toxicities, and their management.
Determination of anisotropy constants via fitting of magnetic hysteresis to numerical calculation of Stoner–Wohlfarth model
Authors: Peterson S. F. , Idzerda Y. U. 
Published: August 2021

Anisotropy constants of magnetic materials are typically determined through angle-resolved Ferromagnetic Resonance (ar-FMR) and torque magnetometry, which can be time consuming measurements, thus limiting their utility. The Stoner–Wohlfarth model can be used to numerically fit measured magnetic hysteresis curves to more easily determine these anisotropy constants. To demonstrate this, 10 nm bct FexCoyMnz single-crystal films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on MgO(001) substrates were investigated. The hysteresis behavior measured by vibrating sample magnetometry was least-squares fit against numerically calculated hysteresis curves generated from the Stoner–Wohlfarth model to extract the anisotropy constants. The cubic anisotropy of different compositions of FeCoMn films was at ∼104 J/m3, which is on the same order of magnitude of bct Fe and Co thin films measured by ar-FMR and torque magnetometry techniques.
The energy calibration of the IFIN-HH 3 MV Tandetron accelerator for alpha particles
Authors: Pantelica D. , Nita C. R. , Ionescu R. A. , Mihai M. D. , Ionescu P. 
Published: August 2021

Ion accelerators have a fundamental role in atomic and nuclear studies as well as in applied physics, including the modification and characterization of materials. The precise knowledge of the energy of accelerated ions is of utmost importance, especially for cross-section measurements or for accurate depth profiling using narrow resonances. The 3 MV Cockcroft–Walton tandem accelerator of IFIN-HH from HVEC was installed in 2012. The machine is mainly dedicated to ion beam analysis, ion implantation, and astrophysics studies at low energy. In this work, we report on the first calibration for alpha particles of the terminal voltage using a technique based on Rutherford backscattering spectrometry measurements. The energies of the α particles from a mixed spectroscopic 239Pu + 241Am α source are compared with the energies of 4He projectiles backscattered into a silicon detector by carbon and gold layers. The position of the 16O(α,α) 16O resonance around 3.038 MeV at backscattering angles of 145° and 165° was remeasured. Our results are compared with recent results reported in the literature.
Phytophthora cinnamomi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Waterhouse G. M. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phytophthora cinnamomi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Ananas, Cinchona, Cinnamomum, Castanea, Erica, Persea, Pinus, Rhododendron
, and over 100 othor host species including beech, oak, walnut, conifers, avocado, pineapple, cinnamon,
Erica
, rhododendron, Lawson cypress, English walnut, Irish yew, Douglas fir (Thorn & Zentmyer, 1954, Rangaswami, 1962 and Herb. IMI). DISEASES: Causes 'ink' disease of chestnut in conjunction with
P. cambivora
and also root rot of many other trees, beech, oak, walnut and conifers, both in the nursery and forest, avocado root rot, pineapple root and heart rot, stripe canker of cinnamon,
Erica
wilt, root rot of rhododendron and many other ornamentals. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. (CMI Map 302, ed. 2, 1963.) TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Persisting up to 10 yr. in naturally infested soil planted with macadamia and avocado seedlings, and remaining viable in dead avocado roots stored in soil for 6 yr. at 20% moisture at 20°C. (Zentmyer & Mircetich, 1963). Soil maybe penetrated to a depth of 2-4 feet (34: 4). Movement of nursery plants with infested soil adhering to their roots may also spread the pathogen (3: 245). Soils with poor drainage and a high moisture level or variable water table favour the pathogen (45, 3027; 42: 162; 34: 4) and zoospores may be disseminated by movement of soil water (41: 490; 43, 2753).
Phytophthora cinnamomi
may also be seed-borne in seed derived from wind-fallen fruit which has become infected from contact with infested soil (Durbin
et al.
, 1957).
Erwinia salicis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Erwinia salicis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Salix alba
and its var.
coerulea
and
S. fragilis; Salix viridis, S. cinerea
and other tree willows are only occasionally infected. DISEASE: Watermark disease of willow. Young branches wilt and die. The process continues into the larger branches and sometimes kills the tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: England. A very similar, probably identical, disease has been reported from the Netherlands (13: 66). Willows with charactenstically stained wood have been found in Austria, but the pathogen was not isolated (40: 437). TRANSMISSION: Observations suggest an aerial vector. Various insects as well as birds have been suggested. The work of Lindeijer (13: 66) on the disease in the Netherlands indicates that the willow weevil,
Crvptorrhynchus lapathi
, could be a vector. This insect has never been found associated with the disease in Britain, nor has it transmitted the disease in several experiments (
Ann. appl. Biol
. 26: 135-137, 1939). Infected setts also transmit the disease.
Pseudomonas mors-prunorum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pseudomonas mors-prunorum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Prunus
spp. especially plum and cherry. DISEASE: Bacterial canker, leaf spot and shoot wilt of stone wits. A definite seasonal cycle occurs in which a winter canker alternates with a summer leaf spot (Crosse, 1954). The symptoms are indistinguishable from those caused by
P. syringae
on stone fruits. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly in Europe, where it has been reported from Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Rumania, U.S.S.R. (Ukraine), Yugoslavia and, recently, (46, 381) from Italy. Also in Australia (N.S.W.) and Canada (N.S.). (CMI Map 132, Ed. 2, 1966). TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is probably introduced into new orchards most frequently on plant material, where infected spurs may show such slight symptoms as to pass unnoticed (Crosse, 1954). The pathogen is spread locally by wind and rain. In early summer young leaves can be invaded but stems become difficult or impossible to infect at this time. As the leaves mature they lose their susceptibility and large numbers of bacteria are found on their surfaces. These bacteria are carried by rain to infect the branches, which are again susceptible in the autumn, through wounds and incompletely healed leaf scars. This autumn infection leads to the canker phase that develops slowly through the winter and in the spring causes infection of the new leaves as they expand. In summer the bacteria in the cankers die out. The cankers are not, therefore, perennial, but are readily reinfected in the autumn.
Xanthomonas juglandis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas juglandis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Juglans regia
. Also infects
J. ailantifolia, J. ailantifolia
var.
cordiformis, J. californica, J. cinerea, J. hindsti
, and
J. nigra
. DISEASE: Walnut bacterial blight. Dark brown to black spots may occur on leaves, green stems and young nuts. Many nuts fall prematurely; others reach full size, but shell and kernel are blackened and destroyed. Young plants and older fruit-bearing trees are most affected. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, parts of Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, most of Europe, Bermuda, North America, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay. (CMI Map 133. ed. 2. 1964). TRANSMISSION: Miller & Bollen (1946) consider rainfall to be the most important dispersal agent. Insects and mites may also carry the organism (Smith
et al., Bull. Calif. agric. Exp. Stn
231: 119-398, 1912; 13: 551; 24: 170). Ark (23: 415) has shown that pollen from infected catkins can contain the organism, but Miller & Bollen did not consider pollen transmission important in Oregon. Experiments by Ercolani (1962) suggest that such transmission does occur. Infection is through stomata or wounds and the organism overwinters in diseased buds and twigs, but apparently not in nut and leaf material that has been shed.
Nectria radicicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Nectria radicicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a very wide range of hosts,
Gymnospermae, Monocotyledonae
and
Dicotyledonae
, particularly in temperate regions, especially
Fragaria vesca, Narcissus, Vitis vinifera
. DISEASE: Root rot, dry brown rot, storage rot or dry rot (37: 3); wilt (32: 261); root plate rot of Narcissus (30: 160); black rot of strawberry (28: 180); black spot of grapes (36: 449). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe. Occurs in N. America, East and South Africa, Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By water, rain splash or in soil; infection generally from soil. Contaminated soil is the principal source of infection in nurseries where the fungus is capable of existing for long periods as a saprophyte or as thick-walled chlamydospores (35: 769). Taylor (36: 449) found the fungus only penetrating grapes when the skin was broken.
Pleospora herbarum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. , Pirozynski K. A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pleospora herbarum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts including apple, ash, broad bean, clover, endive, gladiolus, gramineae, lettuce, lupin, muskmelon, onion,
Onobrychis, Medicago sativa
, mangold, tomato,
Trifolium, Vicia
(40: 230). DISEASES: Leaf spot of mangold, clover (
Trifolium
), lucerne (
Medicago sativa
), endive, lettuce, onion seedlings and gladiolus, net blotch of field and broad bean (
Vicia
), ring spot of sanfoin (
Onobrychis
) foot rot of tomato. Severe leaf spot on muskmelon may cause leaf fall and sun scald of fruit (37: 625). Lesions caused by other fungi may also be colonized as on lucerne (38: 11) or be associated with some other disease complex such as
Pseudomonas savastanoi
on ash (36: 144). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide; very common in temperate and sub-tropical regions. TRANSMISSION: Generally air-borne as ascospores or conidia. These penetrate the leaf or petiole via stomata (37: 365). May also occur on seeds (38: 146) and in soil.
Erysiphe betae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kapoor J. N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Erysiphe betae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Beta corolliflora, B. intermedia, B. maritima, B. trigyna, B. vulgaris
and
B. vulgaris
var.
cycla
(Hirata, 1966). DISEASE: Powdery mildew of sugar beet. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Libya); Asia (Iran, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Turkey); Europe (widely distributed). (Hirata, 1966). TRANSMISSION: Not known. However, seed treatment with 2, 4-D, heterosuxin, gibberellin and succinic acid has been reported to lower infection (44, 1315).