bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical system frequency response model with virtual synchronous wind turbines
Authors: Malekpour Mostafa , Kiyoumarsi Arash , Gholipour Mehdi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present paper devises a second‐order system frequency response (SFR) model for power systems integrating virtual synchronous variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs). The inertial response model of full converter VSWTs, in which grid‐side converters are controlled using a virtual synchronous generator concept, is developed. The derived model is incorporated into the traditional SFR model deployed to estimate the frequency behaviour of the synchronous generators following infeed loss contingencies. The proposed SFR model formulates interaction between the VSWTs rotor speed reduction and the system frequency drop. The system loads inertia is also included in the SFR model. Additionally, an analytical approach to derive the suggested SFR model for the large power system including VSWTs with different capacities and operating points is presented. Solving the proposed model gives the analytical functions for estimating deviations in the system frequency as well as VSWTs rotor speed variations. Finally, the accuracy of the devised SFR model is verified through the time‐domain simulations of a modified IEEE 39‐bus system. Particularly, impact of the VSWTs virtual inertia on the efficiency of the proposed SFR model is studied.
Synchronous machine performance under geomagnetic disturbances
Authors: Boguslawsky Ilja , Korovkin Nikolay , Popov Victor , Sokolova Olga 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGeomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) are known to disturb power system equipment performance. The danger is associated with geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) occurring at the Earth's surface during GMD. GICs do not endanger power system operation conditions by themselves. The main challenge posed by GICs to power system states is the change in power system equipment operation conditions provoked by GIC flow. The primary avenue of blackout caused by GMDs is through power transformers. This, in turn, can impair the operation of other power system equipment such as synchronous machines. Modern powerful synchronous machines are not designed and engineered to cope with the negative impacts of GMDs. Moreover, the actual legal norms are inadequate in this case. Enhancing the grid's resiliency to such an event is highly interesting to the industry. The physical processes in synchronous machine windings triggered by GICs and limitations brought to power grid operations are described. First, the idea of the impact of GMDs on the power grid operation is described. The analysis of the impact of GMDs on synchronous machines is performed in the second section. In the end, the power system response under GMDs is studied.
A deep network with analogous self‐attention for short‐term traffic flow prediction
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Jiao Xiaohong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShort‐term traffic flow prediction plays a crucial role in research and application of intelligent transportation system. Neural network algorithm can use the big data for training and has more advantages over other prediction models in traffic features extraction. However, it is still a problem to extract the spatiotemporal features of traffic flow in a simple and sufficient way to improve the prediction accuracy. In this paper, a double‐branch deep residual gated convolutional neural network (RGCNN) is proposed to extract features from both time and space based on three‐dimensional traffic data, and scaled exponential linear units is used as an activation function to enhance the convergence effect of network training. In order to increase the ability of the network to fit the traffic data, an analogous self‐attention (ASA) is designed, which retains the advantages of attention while hardly increasing training costs. Simulation experiments are carried out in real traffic data sets, the simulation results of traffic flow prediction tasks in different prediction horizons show that the prediction performance of the proposed prediction model (ASA‐RGCNN) is superior to that of other common prediction models and the proposed model can be applied to the predicting task under different traffic conditions. By visualising ASA weights at different traffic flow levels, the impact of space‐time traffic data on the prediction task can also be found out.
Multi‐objective optimization of cordon sanitaire with vehicle waiting time constraint
Authors: Lin Hongzhi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 has disrupted our regular life. Many local authorities have enforced a cordon sanitaire for the protection of sensitive areas. Travelers can only travel across the cordon after getting qualified. This paper aims to propose a method to determine the optimal deployment of cordon sanitaire in terms of the number of parallel checkpoints at each entry link. A bi‐level multi‐objective programming model is formulated where the lower‐level is the transportation system equilibrium with queueing to predict link traffic flow, and the upper‐level is queueing network optimization that is a multi‐objective integer non‐linear programming. The primary objective is to minimize the total operation cost of checkpoints with a predetermined waiting time constraint and the secondary objective is to minimize system total travel time. A heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the proposed bi‐level model where the method of successive averages is adopted for the lower‐level model, and a hybrid genetic algorithm is designed for the upper‐level model. An experimental study is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results show that the methods can find a good heuristic optimal solution. These methods are useful for operators to determine the optimal deployment of cordon sanitaire.
Morphology regulation of nanowire forests for tumour‐cell behaviours
Authors: Liu Yang , Kong Jinlong , Cheng Jie , Huang Chengjun , Wang Kaiqun , Chen Dapeng , Mao Haiyang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThree‐dimensional nanowire arrays based on different biomaterials have emerged as promising platforms for the studies of cell behaviours over the years. Fabrication of nanosurfaces with complex geometries and controllable morphologies is still a challenge. In this work, nanowire forests (NWFs), which exhibited various aspect ratios, were fabricated using a reactive ion etching technique. Especially, by regulating bombardment periods of oxygen and argon plasma, the aspect ratio of nanowires in NWFs could be decreased from 29:1 to 7:1. Based on superhydrophilicity of the NWFs, the interaction between the NWFs with various aspect ratios and HeLa cells (human cervical carcinoma cell line) after different culturing periods was systematically investigated. NWFs with a low aspect ratio provide appropriate nanosubstrates for the cells, enabling them to grow on and adhere to the surface. NWFs with a high aspect ratio exhibited low mechanical strength under initial cell adhesion, which further hindered cell growth and migration as the incubation time increased. These findings provide essential guidance in designing nanostructure geometries for more efficient capture of circulating tumour cells and manipulation of cytomorphology in future.
Distributed deep reinforcement learning for optimal voltage control of PEMFC
Authors: Li Jiawen , Yu Tao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising components in the renewable energy field due to their high energy efficiency and low pollution output. However, these cells are also characterized by considerable nonlinearity, which in turn adversely affects the PEMFC output voltage. Conventional control algorithms cannot guarantee sufficient output voltage control, as they lack the robust adaptive ability required for adapting to these fluctuations in PEMFCs. In this paper, an optimal output voltage controller based on distributed deep reinforcement learning, which controls the output voltage by regulating the fuel input of the PEMFC, is proposed. In addition, an ensemble intelligence exploration multi‐delay deep deterministic policy gradient (EIM‐DDPG) algorithm is proposed for this controller. An ensemble intelligence exploration policy plus a classification experience replay mechanism are included within the EIM‐DDPG algorithm to improve the exploration ability of the algorithm and thus increase the robustness and adaptive capability of the controller. As a result, the model‐free optimal output voltage controller offers high robustness and adaptability. The simulation results in this paper demonstrate that the proposed optimal controller can realize the effective control of PEMFC output voltage.
On the Hardness of Sparsely Learning Parity with Noise
Authors: Yan Di , Liu Hanlin , Zhao Shuoyao , Yu Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) problem represents the average-case analogue of the NP-Complete problem “decoding linear codes”, and it has been extensively studied in learning theory, coding theory and cryptography with applications to quantum-resistant cryptographic schemes. However, LPN also suffers from large public key size which is the common drawback that hinders code-based cryptography from being practical. In this paper, we study a sparse variant of LPN whose public matrix consists of sparse vectors instead of following uniform distribution. We show a win–win argument that at least one of the following assumption is true: (i) either the hardness of sparse LPN is implied by that of the standard LPN under the same noise rate; (ii) or there exists new black-box constructions of public-key encryption schemes and oblivious transfer protocols from standard LPN. Since the second assumption relies on the infeasible noise regimes for LPN-based public-key cryptography, we believe that the first assumption is more likely to hold, i.e. sparse LPN is as hard as standard LPN. Finally, we give a (heuristic) method to further compress the sparse public matrix by evaluating pseudorandom functions with keys made public, whose security again resorts to the aforementioned win–win technique.
DCAF: Dynamic Cross-Chain Anchoring Framework using Smart Contracts
Authors: Wang Weidong , Li Xiaofeng , Zhao He 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Blockchain has attracted tremendous attention from both the academia and the capital market. The insertion of data in a blockchain known as anchoring makes data verifiable and independently auditable and has many potential applications. The objective of this paper is to introduce a dynamic cross-chain anchoring framework for snapshotting users’ data into multiple public blockchains with the help of smart contracts. This paper starts by proposing the framework and depicting the components and workflow. Second, we design a target chain selection algorithm that combines the states of different blockchains. Using the algorithm, users can dynamically select a suitable public blockchain for anchoring tasks. Third, the virtual chain protocol is presented and achieves data anchoring orderly and integrally. Analyzation and evaluation show that the framework can enhance user experience, robustness and performance.
Primary cilia control endothelial permeability by regulating expression and location of junction proteins
Authors: Diagbouga Mannekomba R , Morel Sandrine , Cayron Anne F , Haemmerli Julien , Georges Marc , Hierck Beerend P , Allémann Eric , Lemeille Sylvain , Bijlenga Philippe , Kwak Brenda R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Aims
Wall shear stress (WSS) determines intracranial aneurysm (IA) development. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) patients have a high IA incidence and risk of rupture. Dysfunction/absence of primary cilia in PKD endothelial cells (ECs) may impair mechano-transduction of WSS and favour vascular disorders. The molecular links between primary cilia dysfunction and IAs are unknown.

Methods and results
Wild-type and primary cilia-deficient Tg737orpk/orpk arterial ECs were submitted to physiological (30 dynes/cm2) or aneurysmal (2 dynes/cm2) WSS, and unbiased transcriptomics were performed. Tg737orpk/orpk ECs displayed a fivefold increase in the number of WSS-responsive genes compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, we observed a lower trans-endothelial resistance and a higher endothelial permeability, which correlated with disorganized intercellular junctions in Tg737orpk/orpk cells. We identified ZO-1 as a central regulator of primary cilia-dependent endothelial junction integrity. Finally, clinical and histological characteristics of IAs from non-PKD and PKD patients were analysed. IAs in PKD patients were more frequently located in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory than in non-PKD patients. IA domes from the MCA of PKD patients appeared thinner with less collagen and reduced endothelial ZO-1 compared with IA domes from non-PKD patients.

Conclusion
Primary cilia dampen the endothelial response to aneurysmal low WSS. In absence of primary cilia, ZO-1 expression levels are reduced, which disorganizes intercellular junctions resulting in increased endothelial permeability. This altered endothelial function may not only contribute to the severity of IA disease observed in PKD patients, but may also serve as a potential diagnostic tool to determine the vulnerability of IAs.
The Criminal Registry in the German Empire: The ‘Cult of Previous Convictions’ and the Offender’s Right to Be Forgotten
Authors: de Groot Timon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 1882 the criminal registry, a bureaucratic tool used to assemble information about the criminal biographies of German citizens, was implemented in all territories of the German Empire. This article demonstrates that the registry, evidence that states were accumulating ever more knowledge about the population, was from the beginning surrounded by critical reflection on its functioning. Worried about the scale of the work involved, in the interests of administrative efficiency bureaucrats wished the use of the registry to be curtailed. Prussian officials stressed that private parties should be denied access to the registry, while scholars pointed out that the registry was not intended to support forensic investigation. Journalists and worried citizens argued that the use of the registry in German courts was responsible for a culture of excessive suspicion. By portraying the emotional effects of the registry on German citizens, critics therefore sought to mobilize empathy for the ‘victims’ of the registry and started to demand a ‘right to be forgotten’. The Expungement Law of 1920 was designed as a solution to many of these problems and can be viewed as the endpoint of an important liberalizing process in German society. Yet, for many contemporaries the law was largely ineffective, for it did not combat social prejudices against citizens with a criminal record.
Quality of Education and Late-Life Cognitive Function in a Population-Based Sample From Puerto Rico
Authors: Barba Cheyanne , Garcia Alberto , Clay Olivio J , Wadley Virginia G , Andel Ross , Dávila Ana Luisa , Crowe Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
We examined quality of education, literacy, and years of education in relation to late-life cognitive function and decline in older Puerto Ricans.

Research Design and Methods
Our sample consisted of 3,385 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older from the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions study. Quality of education was based on principal component analysis of variables gathered from Department of Education and Census reports. Literacy (yes/no) and years of education were self-reported. Cognitive function was assessed in participants’ homes at baseline and 4 years later using a previously validated Spanish-language 20-point global screening measure for dementia, the minimental Cabán. Regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic and life course covariates.

Results
Quality of education was positively correlated with both educational attainment and cognitive performance. Independent of years of education, literacy, childhood economic hardship, and adult economic hardship, compared to participants in the lowest quartile of education quality, those in the highest quartile had significantly better baseline cognitive performance (β = 0.09, p &lt; .001). Quality of education did not consistently show an association with change in cognitive function over 4 years. Literacy and greater educational attainment were each independently associated with better cognitive function at baseline and less cognitive decline.

Discussion and Implications
Quality of education, literacy, and years of education, while interrelated, also show independent associations with cognitive functioning in older Puerto Ricans. The downstream factors of literacy and years of education were more closely related to age-related cognitive decline than quality of education.
Opsin Expression Varies with Reproductive State in the Cichlid FishAstatotilapia burtoni
Authors: Butler Julie M , Maruska Karen P 
Published: May 2021

SynopsisAnimals use visual communication to convey crucial information about their identity, reproductive status, and sex. Plasticity in the auditory and olfactory systems has been well-documented, however, fewer studies have tested for plasticity in the visual system, a surprising detail since courtship and mate choice are largely dependent on visual signals across taxa. We previously found reproductive state-dependent plasticity in the eye of the highly social cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. Male A. burtoni increase their courtship, including multicomponent visual displays, when around ovulated females, and ovulated females are more responsive to male visual courtship displays than non-ovulated females. Based on this, we hypothesized that ovulation status impacts visual capabilities in A. burtoni females. Using electroretinograms, we found that ovulated females had greater visual sensitivity at wavelengths corresponding to male courtship coloration compared with non-reproductively-receptive females. In addition, ovulated females had higher neural activation in the retina and higher mRNA expression levels of neuromodulatory receptors (e.g., sex-steroids; gonadotropins) in the eye than non-ovulated females. Here, we add to this body of work by testing the hypothesis that cone opsin expression changes with female reproductive state. Ovulated females had higher expression of short wavelength sensitive opsins (sws1, sws2a, sws2b) compared with mouthbrooding females. Further, expression of sws2a, the most abundant opsin in the A. burtoni eye, positively correlated with levels of circulating 11-ketotestosterone and estradiol and estrogen, androgen, and gonadotropin system receptor expression in the eye in females. These data indicate that reproductive state-dependent plasticity also occurs at the level of photoreceptors, not just through modulation of visual signals at downstream retinal layers. Collectively, these data provide crucial evidence linking endocrine modulation of visual plasticity to mate choice behaviors in females.
Discrete Restriction for (x,x3) and Related Topics
Authors: Hughes Kevin , Wooley Trevor D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Defining the truncated extension operator $E$ for a sequence $a(n)$ with $n \in{\mathbb{Z}} $ by putting $$\begin{align*} & {E}{a}(\alpha,\beta):=\sum_{|n|\le N}a(n) e(\alpha n^3 + \beta n), \end{align*}$$we obtain the conjectured tenth moment estimate $$\begin{align*} & \| {E} a \|_{L^{10}({\mathbb{T}} ^2)}\lesssim_\epsilon N^{\frac{1}{10}+\epsilon} \|a\|_{\ell^2({\mathbb{Z}} )}. \end{align*}$$We obtain related conclusions when the curve $(x,x^3)$ is replaced by $(\phi _1(x), \phi _2(x))$ for suitably independent polynomials $\phi _1(x),\phi _2(x)$ having integer coefficients.
An investigation of links between metabolic rate and feed efficiency in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Rodde Charles , de Verdal Hugues , Vandeputte Marc , Allal François , Nati Julie , Besson Mathieu , Blasco Felipe R , Benzie John A H , McKenzie David J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Feed efficiency (FE) is the amount of body weight gain for a given feed intake. Improving FE through selective breeding is key for sustainable finfish aquaculture but its evaluation at individual level is technically challenging. We therefore investigated whether individual routine metabolic rate (RMR) was a predictor of individual FE in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, a major species in European mariculture. The European sea bass has three genetically distinct populations across its geographical range, namely Atlantic (AT), West Mediterranean (WM), and East Mediterranean (EM). We compared FE and RMR of fish from these three populations at 18 or 24 °C. We held 200 fish (62 AT, 66 WM, and 72 EM) in individual aquaria and fed them from ad libitum down to fasting. FI was assessed for an ad libitum feeding rate and for a fixed restricted ration (1% of metabolic body weight·day−1, with metabolic body weight = body weight0.8). After being refed 12 wk in a common tank, individual RMR was measured over 36 h by intermittent flow respirometry. There was a significant effect of temperature whereby fish at 18 °C had greater mean FE (P &lt; 0.05) and lower RMR (P &lt; 0.001). There was also a significant effect of population, where AT fish had lower FE (P &lt; 0.05) and greater RMR (P &lt; 0.001) than WM and EM, at both temperatures. Despite these differences in temperature and population means, individual FE and RMR were not significantly correlated (P &gt; 0.05). Therefore, although the results provide evidence of an association between metabolic rate and FE, RMR was not a predictor of individual FE, for reasons that require further investigation.
ESCRT components ISTL1 andLIP5 are required for tapetal function and pollen viability
Authors: Goodman Kaija , Paez-Valencia Julio , Pennington Janice , Sonntag Annika , Ding Xinxin , Lee Han Nim , Ahlquist Paul G. , Molina Isabel , Otegui Marisa S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pollen wall assembly is crucial for pollen development and plant fertility. The durable biopolymer sporopollenin and the constituents of the tryphine coat are delivered to developing pollen grains by the highly coordinated secretory activity of the surrounding tapetal cells. The role of membrane trafficking in this process, however, is largely unknown. In this study, we used Arabidopsis thaliana to characterize the role of two late-acting endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) components, ISTL1 and LIP5, in tapetal function. Plants lacking ISTL1 and LIP5 form pollen with aberrant exine patterns, leading to partial pollen lethality. We found that ISTL1 and LIP5 are required for exocytosis of plasma membrane and secreted proteins in the tapetal cells at the free microspore stage, contributing to pollen wall development and tryphine deposition. Whereas the ESCRT machinery is well known for its role in endosomal trafficking, the function of ISTL1 and LIP5 in exocytosis is not a typical ESCRT function. The istl1 lip5 double mutants also show reduced intralumenal vesicle concatenation in multivesicular endosomes in both tapetal cells and developing pollen grains as well as morphological defects in early endosomes/trans-Golgi networks, suggesting that late ESCRT components function in the early endosomal pathway and exocytosis.