bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultralow-noise microwave extraction from optical frequency combs using photocurrent pulse shaping with balanced photodetection
Authors: Hyun Minji , Jeon Chan-Gi , Kim Jungwon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe phase noise of microwaves extracted from optical frequency combs is fundamentally limited by thermal and shot noise, which is inherent in photodetection. Saturation of a photodiode due to the high peak power of ultrashort optical pulses, however, prohibits further scaling of white phase noise by increasing incident optical power. Here we demonstrate that the photocurrent pulse shaping via balanced photodetection, which is accomplished by replacing a single photodiode with a balanced photodetector (BPD) and delaying one of the optical pulses, provides a simple and efficient optical-to-electrical interface to increase achievable microwave power and reduces the corresponding thermal noise-limited phase noise by 6-dB. By analysing contributing noise sources, we also show that the thermal noise floor can reach − 166 dBc/Hz even at a low photocurrent of 2-mA (4-mW optical input per photodiode) when using a p-i-n BPD. This finding may be useful for on-chip microwave generation, which consists of standard p-i-n structure photodiodes with relatively low saturation optical power.
Applications of Cattaneo–Christov fluxes on modelling the boundary value problem of Prandtl fluid comprising variable properties
Authors: Nazir Umar , Sohail Muhammad , Ali Umair , Sherif El-Sayed M. , Park Choonkil , Lee Jung Rye , Selim Mahmoud M. , Thounthong Phatiphat 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStretched flows have numerous applications in different industrial, biomedical and engineering processes. Current research is conducted to examine the flow phenomenon of Prandtl fluid model over a moveable surface. The phenomenon of mass and thermal transportation is based on generalized theory of Cattaneo–Christov which considers the involvement of relaxation times. In addition to these, variable characteristics of thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficient are considered as a function of temperature. The physical problem in Cartesian coordinate system is modeled via boundary layer theory which yields a coupled system of partial differential equations. Group scaling transportation is applied to model these PDEs system. The converted equations have been approximated via optimal homotopic scheme. The efficiency and validity of used approach has been shown by computing the error analysis and establishing a comparative study. It is noted that the enhancement in magnetic parameter plays a controlling role for velocity field and it augment the concentration and temperature fields. Furthermore, increase in thermal relaxation parameter and Prandtl number maintains the fluid temperature.
Whole-genome association study searching for QTL for Aeromonas salmonicida resistance in rainbow trout
Authors: Marana Moonika H. , Karami Asma M. , Ødegård Jørgen , Zuo Shaozhi , Jaafar Rzgar M. , Mathiessen Heidi , von Gersdorff Jørgensen Louise , Kania Per W. , Dalsgaard Inger , Nielsen Torben , Buchmann Kurt 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, has extensive negative effects on wild and farmed salmonids worldwide. Vaccination induces some protection under certain conditions but disease outbreaks occur even in vaccinated fish. Therefore, alternative disease control approaches are required to ensure the sustainable expansion of rainbow trout aquaculture. Selective breeding can be applied to enhance host resistance to pathogens. The present work used genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with A. salmonicida resistance in rainbow trout. A total 798 rainbow trout exposed to A. salmonicida by bath challenge revealed 614 susceptible and 138 resistant fish. Genotyping was conducted using the 57 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and the GWAS was performed for survival and time to death phenotypes. We identified a QTL on chromosome 16 and located positional candidate genes in the proximity of the most significant SNPs. In addition, samples from exposed fish were examined for expression of 24 immune-relevant genes indicating a systematic immune response to the infection. The present work demonstrated that resistance to A. salmonicida is moderately heritable with oligogenic architecture. These result will be useful for the future breeding programs for improving the natural resistance of rainbow trout against furunculosis.
Identification of distinct tumor cell populations and key genetic mechanisms through single cell sequencing in hepatoblastoma
Authors: Bondoc Alexander , Glaser Kathryn , Jin Kang , Lake Charissa , Cairo Stefano , Geller James , Tiao Gregory , Aronow Bruce 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary liver malignancy of childhood, and molecular investigations are limited and effective treatment options for chemoresistant disease are lacking. There is a knowledge gap in the investigation of key driver cells of HB in tumor. Here we show single cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis of human tumor, background liver, and patient derived xenograft (PDX) to demonstrate gene expression patterns within tumor and to identify intratumor cell subtype heterogeneity to define differing roles in pathogenesis based on intracellular signaling in pediatric HB. We have identified a driver tumor cell cluster in HB by genetic expression which can be examined to define disease mechanism and treatments. Identification of both critical mechanistic pathways combined with unique cell populations provide the basis for discovery and investigation of novel treatment strategies in vitro and in vivo.
In vivo pharmacokinetic enhancement of monomeric Fc and monovalent bispecific designs through structural guidance
Authors: Shan Lu , Dyk Nydia Van , Haskins Nantaporn , Cook Kimberly M. , Rosenthal Kim L. , Mazor Ronit , Dragulin-Otto Sonia , Jiang Yu , Wu Herren , Dall’Acqua William F. , Borrok Martin J. , Damschroder Melissa M. , Oganesyan Vaheh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn a biologic therapeutic landscape that requires versatility in targeting specificity, valency and half-life modulation, the monomeric Fc fusion platform holds exciting potential for the creation of a class of monovalent protein therapeutics that includes fusion proteins and bispecific targeting molecules. Here we report a structure-guided approach to engineer monomeric Fc molecules to adapt multiple versions of half-life extension modifications. Co-crystal structures of these monomeric Fc variants with Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn) shed light into the binding interactions that could serve as a guide for engineering the half-life of antibody Fc fragments. These engineered monomeric Fc molecules also enabled the generation of a novel monovalent bispecific molecular design, which translated the FcRn binding enhancement to improvement of in vivo serum half-life.
Exploring Animal-Assisted Therapy for Creating Rich Communicative Environments and Targeting Communication Goals in Subacute Rehabilitation
Authors: Sherrill Martha , Hengst Julie A. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose:This study continues our research examining the use of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) for patients with acquired neurogenic communication disorders. AAT pairs an animal/handler team with a licensed therapist during sessions to target discipline-specific goals. Our original study focused on dog/handler teams paired with occupational and physical therapists during inpatient rehabilitation sessions. We documented multiple ways that AAT enriched the communicative environment, increasing the amount, complexity, and voluntariness of patient participation. This study focuses on speech-language pathology sessions, comparing communicative environments during AAT and traditional sessions. We also examined the speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') experiences in learning to plan for and target communication goals for patients during AAT sessions.Method:This interpretive design combines ethnographic methods with participatory action research. We recruited 10 patients from an inpatient rehabilitation unit and two SLPs. We video-recorded 20 speech-language pathology sessions (one AAT and one traditional for each patient) and conducted 26 interviews. We consulted with SLPs on how to incorporate AAT into their treatment during their preparation time and used self-report measures to track changes in their planning time and confidence across the 6-week study.Findings:Across participants, AAT sessions provided richer communicative environments than traditional speech-language pathology sessions as measured by participant talk time, mean length of turns, and use of interactional discourse resources such as narrative use and playful language. The SLPs were rapidly able to adapt their clinical practice to incorporate AAT and displayed rapid and marked decreases in their initial planning time and increases in confidence.Conclusion:AAT sessions created meaningful, rich, and complex communicative environments in a clinical space for participants to align with others around a shared interest.
Design and analysis of dual‐stator hybrid excited linear flux switching machine for long‐stroke applications
Authors: Ullah Basharat , Khan Faisal , Milyani Ahmad H. , Ahmad Naseer , Cheema Khalid Mehmood 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel dual‐stator hybrid excited linear flux switching machine (DSHELFSM) is proposed. The proposed machine is suitable for long‐stroke applications as all the excitation sources are mounted on a short mover and the stator is completely passive. Second, the proposed machine uses ferrite magnets rather than the expensive rare earth permanent magnets (PMs) with the addition of field excitation to achieve flux‐regulation capability at various field currents. An iron bridge that provides an additional path for flux linkage to complete its circuit is used. Various design parameters such as split ratio, stator pole width, width and height of PM, the width of the iron bridge, width of mover's tooth, and stator slot depth are optimised using multivariable geometric optimisation (MGO) while keeping the slot area, electric and magnetic loading constant. The optimised design has improved the performance as compared to the initial design. Furthermore, the results obtained by 2D analysis are verified by 3D analysis. Thermal analysis is carried out to set the operating limit of the proposed machine.
Scheduling‐measure dependent modelling of delay propagation on a single railway line: A matrix transformation approach
Authors: Ma Junfeng , Ma Shan , Hu Wenfeng , Peng Tao , Gui Weihua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an analytical delay propagation model for single railway lines based on the max‐plus algebra theory. The scheduling measures taken by dispatchers, including re‐timing and re‐ordering, will be incorporated into our delay propagation model using a matrix transformation method. An analysis of delay propagation under some typical emergencies such as segment blockages and train speed limitation is performed. Numerical simulations show that the proposed train delay propagation model can predict emergency‐induced train delays under different scheduling strategies, thus may give a guidance to improve the traffic management. In the high‐speed railway train system, the scheduling measures taken by dispatchers, such as re‐timing and re‐ordering, can be formulated as a delay propagation model using a matrix transformation method.
A cost‐efficient joint target location and clock bias estimation technique using multiple time step measurements in mobile bistatic sonar
Authors: Zhang Chenglin , Zhang Qunfei , Shi Wentao , Wang Weidong , Xu Jiajie , Pang Feifei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractActive localization of a stationary target is one key issue in applications of bistatic sonar based on bistatic range (BR) measurement. However, the complex underwater environment makes achieving the synchronization between the transmitted station and the received station difficult. For solving the synchronization problem, this study relies on mobile bistatic sonar to acquire measurement information at multiple time steps. After that, the target location and clock bias are jointly estimated by solving a non‐linear least square problem. To this end, a recursive scheme is proposed to optimise the measurement cost and reduce the impact of the initial value to achieve accurate estimation by taking full advantage of the redundant measurement information. Orthogonal transformation is used to ensure computational efficiency and numerical reliability. The Cramer–Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is also derived as a lower bound on the error in estimating the target position and clock bias. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves the CRLB performance and optimises the measurement cost over the small error region under Gaussian noise.
Uncertainty quantification of the DTM2020 thermosphere model
Authors: Boniface Claude , Bruinsma Sean 
Published: September 2021

Aims: The semi-empirical Drag Temperature Models (DTM) calculate the Earth’s upper atmosphere’s temperature, density, and composition. They were applied mainly for spacecraft orbit computation. We developed an uncertainty tool that we implemented in the DTM2020 thermosphere model. The model is assessed and compared with the recently HASDM neutral density released publicly in 2020.Methods: The total neutral density dataset covers all high-resolution CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, and SWARM data spanning almost two solar cycles. We constructed the uncertainty model using statistical binning analysis and least-square fitting techniques, allowing the development of a global sigma error model to function the main variabilities driving the thermosphere state. The model is represented mathematically by a nonlinear manifold approximation in a 6-D space parameter.Results: The results reveal that the altitude parameter presents the most notable error range during quiet and moderate magnetic activity (Kp ≤ 5). However, the most considerable uncertainty appears during severe or extreme geomagnetic activities. The comparison with density data provided by the SET HASDM database highlights some coherent features on the mechanisms occurring in the thermosphere. Moreover, it confirms the tool’s relevance to provide a qualitative database of neutral densities uncertainties values deduced from the DTM2020 model.
Post-operative Use of Cervical Orthoses for Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries – a Survey-based Analysis at German Spine Care Centres
Authors: Raisch Philipp , Jung Matthias K. , Vetter Sven Y. , Grützner Paul A. , Kreinest Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction There are no evidence-based recommendations for the post-operative treatment and application of soft or rigid cervical collars after operative treatment of injuries of
the subaxial cervical spine. Cervical collars can restrict peak range of motion and serve as a reminder to the patient. However, they can also cause pressure ulcers. The aim of this
online-based survey among German spine centres was to gain an overview of post-operative treatment and the application of soft or rigid cervical collars after surgical treatment of injuries
of the subaxial cervical spine.
Materials and Methods An online-based survey was conducted among 59 spine centres certified by the German Spine Society. It comprised seven items and the option of adding remarks in
the form of open-ended responses.
Results The return rate was 63% (37 out of 59). Of the 37 analysed spine centres, 51% routinely apply a cervical collar post-operatively, 27% apply a soft and 16% a rigid cervical
collar, 8% sequentially apply first a rigid and later a soft cervical collar. Less than half of the spine centres (43%) routinely use no cervical collar. Rigid collars are applied for more
than 6 weeks and soft collars up to 6 weeks at some spine centres. Standardised post-operative treatment plans are common. The selection of the post-operative treatment plan depends
primarily on the type of injury and method of operation and partly on patient age and bone quality. The satisfaction of German spine centres with the current handling of post-operative
treatment of subaxial cervical spine injuries is high.
Discussion The post-operative treatment of injuries of the subaxial cervical spine at German spine centres is heterogeneous, and the evidence on advantages and disadvantages of the
post-operative application of cervical collars is insufficient. Planning and implementation of randomised controlled clinical trials in subaxial cervical spine injuries is challenging.
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) or Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) for Fusion Surgery in L5/S1 – What Is the Best Way to Restore a physiological Alignment?
Authors: Platz Uwe , Halm Henry , Thomsen Björn , Pecsi Ferenc , Köszegvary Mark , Bürger Nina , Berlin Clara , Quante Markus 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Study Design A retrospective single center cohort study with prospective collected data from an institutional spine registry.
Objectives To determine whether restoration of lordosis L5/S1 is possible with both anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and to find out which technique is superior to recreate lordosis in L5/S1.
Methods Seventy-seven patients with ALIF and seventy-nine with TLIF L5/S1 were included. Operation time, estimated blood loss), and complications were evaluated. Segmental lordosis L5/S1 and L4/5, overall lordosis, and proximal lordosis (L1 to L4) were measured in X-rays before and after surgery. Oswesery disability index and EQ-5D were assessed before surgery, and 3 and 12 months after surgery.
Results Mean operation time was 176.9 minutes for ALIF and 195.7 minutes for TLIF (p = 0.048). Estimated blood loss was 249.2 cc for ALIF and 362.9 cc for TLIF (p = 0.005). In terms of complications, only a difference in dural tears were found (TLIF 6, ALIF none; p = 0.014). Lordosis L5/S1 increased in the ALIF group (15.8 to 24.6°; p < 0.001), whereas no difference was noted in the TLIF group (18.4 to 19.4°; p = 0.360). Clinical results showed significant improvement in the Oswesery disability index (ALIF: 43 to 21.9, TLIF: 45.2 to 23.0) and EQ-5D (ALIF: 0.494 to 0.732, TLIF: 0.393 to 0.764) after 12 months in both groups, without differences between the groups.
Conclusion ALIF and TLIF are comparable methods for performing fusion at L5/S1, with good clinical outcomes and comparable rates of complications. However, there is only a limited potential for recreating lordosis at L5/S1 with a TLIF.
Robotic Surgery in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Gunnells Drew , Cannon Jamie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSurgery for Crohn's disease presents unique challenges secondary to the inflammatory nature of the disease. While a minimally invasive approach to colorectal surgery has consistently been associated with better patient outcomes, adoption of laparoscopy in Crohn's disease has been limited due to these challenges. Robotic assisted surgery has the potential to overcome these challenges and allow more complex patients to undergo a minimally invasive operation. Here we describe our approach to robotic assisted surgery for terminal ileal Crohn's disease.
Clinicopathological Profile of the von Willebrand Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre in Varanasi
Authors: Pandey Pawan K. , Tilak Vijai , Yadav Mahima , Kashyap Neelu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective The von Willebrand disease (vWD) is one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders in India; however, the diagnostic tests and its interpretation require specialized laboratory and personnel which are not readily available in the eastern part of North India. The purpose of this study is to estimate the relative prevalence of vWD and study the clinical and laboratory features including advanced diagnostic tests.Methods All patients referred to the pathology department for evaluation of bleeding were evaluated for vWD during a period of 4 years. Clinical and laboratory features were analyzed and reported.Results A total of 1,126 cases of bleeding manifestations were evaluated, and 237 cases of inherited bleeding disorders were diagnosed; vWD was diagnosed in 38 (16%) of these 237 cases. Advanced diagnostic tests were done in all of these cases.Conclusion The vWD is among the most common inherited bleeding disorders in the country, second only to hemophilia A. Type-1 vWD was the most frequent with 25 cases (65.7%), followed by type-2N with 7 cases (18.4%).
Violation of the Bell-CHSH inequality and marginal laws in a single-entity Bell-test experiment
Authors: Aerts Diederik , Sassoli de Bianchi Massimiliano 
Published: September 2021

We describe a simple experimental setting where joint measurements performed on a single (classical or quantum) entity can violate both the Bell-CHSH inequality and the marginal laws (also called no-signaling conditions). Once emitted by a source, the entity propagates within the space of Alice’s and Bob’s detection screens, with the measurements’ outcomes corresponding to the entity being absorbed or not absorbed in a given time interval. The violation of the marginal laws results from the fact that the choice of the screen on the side of Alice affects the detection probability on the side of Bob, and vice versa, and we show that for certain screen choices, the Bell-CHSH inequality can be violated up to its mathematical maximum. Our analysis provides a clarification of the mechanisms that could be at play when the Bell-CHSH inequality and marginal laws are violated in entangled bipartite systems, which would not primarily depend on the presence of a bipartite structure but on the fact that the latter can manifest as an undivided whole.
Continuous-wave Raman amplification in silicon core fibers pumped in the telecom band
Authors: Huang Meng , Sun Shiyu , Wu Dong , Ren Haonan , Shen Li , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Gibson Ursula J. , Peacock Anna C. 
Published: September 2021

Stimulated Raman amplification is observed for the first time in the silicon core fiber (SCF) platform. The SCFs were tapered to obtain sub-micrometer core dimensions and low optical transmission losses, facilitating efficient spontaneous scattering and stimulated Raman amplification using a continuous-wave pump source with milliwatt power levels. A maximum on–off gain of 1.1 dB was recorded at a pump power of only 48 mW with our numerical simulations, indicating that gains up to 6dB are achievable by increasing the fiber length. This work shows that the SCF platform could open a route to producing compact and robust all-fiber integrated Raman amplifiers and lasers across a broad wavelength region.
The #ReframeCovid initiative
Authors: Olza Inés , Koller Veronika , Ibarretxe-Antuñano Iraide , Pérez-Sobrino Paula , Semino Elena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments, health agencies, public institutions and the media around the
world have made use of metaphors to talk about the virus, its effects and the measures needed to reduce its spread. Dominant among these
metaphors have been war metaphors (e.g. battles, front lines, combat), which present the virus as an enemy that needs to be
fought and beaten. These metaphors have attracted an unprecedented amount of criticism from diverse social agents, for a variety of reasons.
In reaction, #ReframeCovid was born as an open, collaborative and non-prescriptive initiative to collect alternatives to war metaphors for
COVID-19 in any language, and to (critically) reflect on the use of figurative language about the virus, its impact and the measures taken
in response. The paper summarises the background, aims, development and main outcomes to date of the initiative, and launches a call for
scholars within the metaphor community to feed into and use the #ReframeCovid collection in their own basic and applied research
projects.