bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automation of Sustainable Industrial Machine using PLC
Authors: Rajkumar K , Thejaswini K , Yuvashri P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
At present, the machine gets operated manually and also by command raised by computer artificially, but mostly conventional machines operation done by humans. This leads to seeking attention keenly by humans for the operation which also increases time consumption to drill or milling of certain objects. Our project completely weeds out the physically cabled connection present in conventional BFP160 machine by introducing the PLC control technique. This design implements machine operation using the PLC control technique for trouble-free changes and error rectification in the system by reducing the number of contractors held by relays. The physically complicated control wiring using relay logic was replaced by a swift, compact Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The entire logic and interlocks were incorporated into PLC. This wipes out the breakdown to the lesser time thus increasing the operating speed and overall equipment efficiency (OEE) of the machine. An existing conventional machine gets automated using PLC which gets programmed using the ladder logic programming with the processor for increased automation to peak level. Here the machine availability gets increased as the breakdown time gets reduced and efficiency of the certain machines is particularly improved thus initiated to greater production in set out manner. All additional considerations employed by Variable frequency drive (VFD) for speed control of feed motor by eliminating electromagnetic clutches along with telescopic brushes responsible for the movement of axes to drill or milling of the certain workpiece by the conventional machine. Our design proposes for the instant signal whether any part which gets interrupted while operation. Here this logic gets programmed and simulated using PLC software which is available based on a number of inputs and outputs.
Cloud based analysis of Drinking Water quality parameters
Authors: Bharath Singh J , Vijayalakshmi S , Sushmitha S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The contamination of water bodies becomes a very big threat to the world. This happens due to pollution, domestic and industry waste and over population. This threat will lead to low rainfall, famines etc. In recent years, the research on monitoring and analyzing water quality is increasing. The water quality has to be examined in people living area, ponds, lakes, rivers and also the water bodies near the industries. People not having safe drinking water will lead to many diseases. The older methods of officials collecting sample from the water bodies, analyzing in labs, providing the results and taking control actions will be costly and takes more time. The main disadvantage is the lack of real time data analysis is not possible in the traditional systems. In this paper, a real time water quality method is analyzed and the results are verified with the traditional methods. This method uses high level processor, sensors, networking and measurement devices to give the real time data. The important parameters of water like temperature, turbidity and pH levels are monitored continuously. The user can verify the data anywhere anytime using the web interface provided in the method. The data analysis is also provided in tabulation and graphical representations. This paper provides an optimal method for monitoring the water quality in an efficient way. Traditional methods that rely on collecting water samples, testing and analyses in water laboratories are not only costly but also lack the capability for real-time data capture, analyses and fast dissemination of information to relevant stakeholders for making timely and informed decisions.
IoT based Wireless Notice Board Using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Kurian Nami Susan , Hemanth Kumar R K , Abinaya Shree M , Esakkiammal S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Information dissemination using digital notice board plays an imperative role in this digital world. This work is primarily aimed at developing a wireless information board for displaying and broadcasting the announcements and notices that the user sends from the Internet using the IOT technology. By providing a sufficient power supply, the Raspberry Pi, node MCU and LED display work properly and the display is controlled by the android application. The application can be used by connecting it to the internet and this enables the admin to send the information from wherever in the planet and could be visualized in a matter of seconds. The admin uses the app by setting the correct username and password for WIFI. For sending information, PC or mobile phone are utilised and at recipient end, raspberry Pi is connected to the Web. The admin can send the data in the form of text or voice, which in turn would be displayed on the distant noticeboard. The LED display is to display the text/voice that the user has sent and the speaker is to announce the received text message. The displaying text would be scrolling in the display. By using the text to speech software, announcement the text that is scrolling on the LED screen become possible. Earlier the Wi-Fi notification board had been used and thereby experiencing a limit on coverage. In this proposed method, the Internet is used as a means of communication and no coverage problem exists.
Adaptive Counter Clock Gated S-Box Transformation Based AES Algorithm of Low Power Consumption and Dissipation in VLSI System Design
Authors: Subramanian K. , Venkatachalam M. , Saroja M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is an effective algorithm trending today. According to the key length, it works efficiently. Here three types of key lengths are used such as 128, 192, and 256 bits. This paper introduced an Adaptive Counter-Clock (ACC) S-Box algorithm. This algorithm rectifies the error during data encryption and secure data from hackers. In this paper, we have done power consumption, power dissipation, and reduced the area size. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is utilized for hardware execution in the encryption process. Inverse Mix Column, Inverse Sub Bytes (S-Box) and Inverse Shift Row stages takes place in the decryption, so that the receiver can read the message in plain text which was sent by the sender. For this the receiver should have the same key used by the sender for encryption process. RTL coding is done using Verilog HDL, Xilinx ISE 14.7 FPGA will be used in the implementation.
Future Energy Source for Remote IoT Systems using MEMS-based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices.
Authors: Fareeza F. , Krishna Veni S. , Rambabu Chunchu , Yanore Tigabu Zewude , Rajkumar P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) device is an energy converter that will convert mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy. The energy converter is implemented using Micro-Electronic Mechanical System (MEMS). The vibration is extracted from the surroundings, and the extracted vibration is converted into electrical energy using PEH for low power sensors used in the IoT environment. PHE device will generate the maximum power when the vibration of the surrounding is exactly matched with the resonant frequency of the device. This paper presents two different PHE MEMS devices which will convert the vibration into electrical energy. The proposed device has two design materials; T shape resonant model is designed by arranging beams in multilayer and an ultra-violet resin seismic mass. There are four-layer formed together; the substrate first layer is built using polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The third layer is formed by using piezo-electric material; the second and fourth layers are build using aluminium and platinum electrode. In the model, two different types of piezoelectric materials are used to build the PEH device. Two types of material used in the devices are ZnO and PZT-5A. Rayleigh-Ritz and Macaulay methods are used to model the system for analysing the mechanical behaviour of the model and structural analysis for the better energy extraction using FEM. The proposed PHE device using ZnO and PZT-5A is generating power at the rate of 1.8 W and 1.35 W with a voltage rating of 545 and 45 mV, respectively. The Proposed PHE device is built for remote location low power IoT devices.
Design of a control with multiple inputs multiple outputs by decoupling
Authors: González J R , Correa G , Montoya O D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In industry, most processes can be modeled by a system of equations that can be monovariable or multivariable. In our case, we will present a multivariable system more adjusted to real cases and on which a control system is available. This article presents a decoupling control method for two inputs two outputs through a centralized multivariable controller using a decoupling network and a diagonal controller, this technical advantage allows reduction in computing time. It shows the methodology by which a multivariate system can be represented as the composition of different coupled systems in this way that the control of the variables involved in it can be done separately, facilitating the control system, this implies a modification in the outputs to be affected. In the same way, the two-inlet with 2-outlet distillation system was also studied.
Population dynamics of disease-transmitting mosquitoes exposed to insecticides: susceptible and resistant interaction
Authors: Salazar E , Gómez-Hernández E , Ibarguen-Mondragón E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the first biological topics that have attracted physicists’ attention is population dynamics. Researchers have approached these topics through dynamical systems, which have its origin in 15th-century physics, with the invention of Newton’s differential equations. In particular, we are interested in studying mosquitoes transmitting diseases such as Anopheles, Aedes and Culex as they cause serious public health problems worldwide. One of the strategies to control these diseases has been the use of insecticides. These spraying programs were initially successful. However, the evolution of resistance threatens efforts to control these epidemics. Therefore, this article proposes a dynamic system that includes continued use of an insecticide, assuming a proportion of mosquitoes not killed by spraying but acquire resistance. In addition, the genetic predisposition of mosquitoes to be more susceptible or more resistant is incorporated in the model utilizing a ratio that allows differentiating mosquitoes that are born susceptible from those that are born resistant. The dynamic system analysis shows that population persistence depends on growth thresholds that depend on resistance parameters. Therefore, according to the model, to avoid epidemics caused by mosquitoes, the emergence of resistant mosquito populations must be prevented.
Polinomial chaos expansion applied to limit state functions
Authors: Afanador García N , Guerrero Gómez G , Nolasco Serna C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In structural projects, ensuring system performance within the established specifications with a maximum level of safety and taking into account the economic constraints of the project is one of the main objectives of structural design. The risks to which any physical system is subjected are called failure probability and are assessed by applying structural reliability analysis methods. The objective of the structural reliability analysis is to ensure that the strength of the elements of the structure is greater than the imposed strength demand over the service life of each of the structural elements. Structural design variables are physical quantities in structural reliability and are considered random, and can be represented in a random vector. The failure probability of a structure is obtained from the evaluation of the uncertainties inherent to the physical variables of the project, through the probability distributions of the random variables. The objective of this work was the application of polynomial chaos expansion to evaluate the failure probability in limit state functions found in the literature using numerical simulation, in order to decrease the sample size for each random variable compared to those needed using Monte Carlo simulation. This research showed that the difference between the sample size between polynomial chaos expansion and Monte Carlo simulation is 5%, saving time and computational effort.
Predictive model of mass flows of gaseous emissions from beehive ovens
Authors: Mendoza–Lizcano S M , Palacios–Alvarado W , Medina–Delgado B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the techniques used in the industry for the control of variables is, from their magnitudes, such as fuel flow, air volume, amount of material mass, among others. The ceramic industry needs to measure and control the polluting gases of its fixed sources in a less costly way, based on tools that allow agility in decision making to mitigate the adverse effects, not only to comply with a legal standard, but also for environmental and management commitment. The objective of the research is to design a predictive model of the concentration of polluting gases in the beehive ovens based on the results of the balance of matter and energy in the beehive ovens. An exploratory descriptive methodology was used, where data on beehive ovens and fourteen (14) continuous quantitative variables were considered through the statistical technique of multiple regression to analyze the predictive behavior of the pollutant concentration variables. As a result, the predictive capacity of the resulting model was high, explaining 79% of the total variation of the variable. The multiple correlation coefficient of the complete model was 0.79. During the analysis of the model assumptions, the Durbin Watson score reached a value of 1.971, evidencing compliance with the assumption of independence of the errors.
Passive House in China’s Hot Summer Cold Winter Zone
Authors: Ma Yuanli , Shen Luping , Ye Dongjie , Deng Wu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Passive house concept, which has been widely developed globally, is still in its infancy in the hot summer cold winter zone (HSCW) in China. This paper made a climatic condition comparison among the HSCW zone, cold zone and German. In addition, 23 passive house projects were selected as cases for analysing, concerning thermal characteristic and building performance. The findings show that building a passive house in HSCW zone can not simply following the basic passive house principles from the Passive House Institute, and several indicators should be modified.
Multivariate Analyses of Selected Hydro-bacterial Variables along the Longitudinal Gradient of Orani River, Philippines
Authors: Rabadon M L L , Corpuz M N C 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is paucity of environmental data for Orani river systems in Bataan (Philippines) despite its regional economic and ecological significance. The present study conducted multivariate analyses of various water quality parameters and selected bacterial communities to evaluate the river’s health integrity. River data exhibited spatial and seasonal variation, with observed significantly distinct heterotrophic and Gram-negative bacterial counts in the midstream and downstream against upstream samples. Fecal coliform concentrations were statistically different in the sequence: upstream < downstream < midstream. Multivariate Principal Component Analysis identified the most important variables affecting the variability in bacterial concentrations among the sampling groups (81.64% variation). Cluster analysis also revealed the associations and similarities of sampling groups based on abundance of bacterial loadings. Further, water quality indices were classified within “marginal” class (54.77 for wet season; 57.67 for dry season). The hydrological index estimated a score of 47.97 for wet season that described as “suitable with high restriction” class (30<(HI)c<55), and 62.24 for dry season in the “suitable with medium restriction” class (55<(HI)c<75).
Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of the Intensity of Landfall Tropical Cyclones in China
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Gu Chenglin , Li Bei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on the tropical cyclone data of the United States Joint Typhoon Center, this paper analyses the characteristics of the temporal and spatial changes of tropical cyclones that landed in China from 1951 to 2015. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The frequency of landings showed a slow upward trend from 1951 to the early 1990s, and showed a slow downward trend from the late 1990s to 2015. In 1988, it changed from a low period to a high period. (2) Tropical cyclones are mainly distributed in the range of 130-140°E, 10-15°N east of the Philippine Islands, and the northeastern part of the South China Sea. The spatial distribution of the first eigenvector of the source frequency EOF is basically the same as the multi-year spatial distribution. From the time coefficient of the first mode, the change trend of the concentrated distribution has undergone a process of strengthening-weakening. From the perspective of the spatial distribution of the second mode, the source frequencies in the Northwest Pacific and the South China Sea have opposite spatial distribution characteristics in the latitude direction. (3) One of the main tracks of landfall tropical cyclones is westward from the tropical Pacific to the Philippine Sea and South China Sea, and the other from the tropical Pacific to the northwest to South Korea and Japan, affecting the area near the coast of East Asia. The spatial distribution of the first eigenvector of the track frequency EOF is basically the same as that of the multi-year spatial distribution, and the spatial distribution of the second mode has a positive-negative opposite spatial distribution characteristic in the meridian direction.
Hydrate Formation in Reactor with Cooling Spiral
Authors: Grigorenko A V , Dudoladov A O , Gaikovich M V , Vlaskin M V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with methane hydrate formation from SDS solution of 0.1 wt% in reactor with cooling spiral. Intensity of methane hydrate formation process in a vertical and horizontal cylindrical reactor with a cooled spiral at three fixed volumes of a surfactant solution was compared. The dependence of the gas content of the obtained samples depending on volume of the liquid phase and on the position of the reactor was revealed. The hypotheses about influence of diffusion at the interface and capillary effect on the cooled element on the gas content were examined. Also the efficiency of gas supply mode was tested. The best result for gas consumption in single gas injection mode is 60,21 L•L–1 achieved with a liquid volume of 300 ml in a vertical reactor. The best result for gas consumption in constant gas supply mode is 161,3 L•L–1 achieved with a liquid volume of 500 ml in a horizontal reactor.
Integration of Algal Biofuel Production with Municipal Wastewater Treatment: a Review
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The integration of algae-based wastewater treatment and biofuel production has been of growing research interest in recent years. This article reviewed recent researches in algae biofuel production and the integration of algal wastewater treatment and biofuel production. The methods to algal biofuel production, biofuel productivity, and removal rate of treated municipal wastewater were summarized in this review. Chlorella is largely used, especially in biodiesel and bioethanol production. Spirulina is more often used to produce biogas. The removal rate of NH4+-N can be high in this integration. The most common biofuel products in this integration are biomethane and lipid. Traces of the integration are numerous on laboratory basis and limited in commercial use for now. The barrier to apply it from lab to commercial use may include a high cost during algae harvesting as well as land use and availability. Possible solutions and research gaps are outlined in this article.
Research on the Application of BIM Technology in Bridge Engineering
Authors: Tian Yuan , Jiang Tonggui , Wu Feng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In recent years, BIM technology has developed rapidly in the field of housing construction, and has been well applied in many housing construction projects. However, the application of BIM technology on bridges is less. This article takes Hongjiazhong Bridge as an example to research and explore the application of BIM technology in bridges. Conduct application research on accountability, program simulation, quality and safety management, BIM platform management, etc., and explain the innovative applications of BIM technology in GIS, VR, AR, operation and maintenance.
Investigating the Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Binder in the UAE using Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Polymer
Authors: Alani Mohammed W , Zeiada Waleed , Al-Khateeb Ghazi , Ezzat Helal , Shanableh Abdallah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This research work focuses on investigating the fatigue and thermal cracking resistance of asphalt binder with different percentages of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) utilizing rheological testing methods. The laboratory experimental program includes the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test at intermediate temperature for fatigue cracking and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) at low temperature to assess thermal cracking. The polymer-modified asphalt binders were prepared using four different SBS contents of 2.5, 4.2, 4.8, and 6.1% by asphalt binder weight. The test results were then used to compare the performance of four different SBS modified binders and the control asphalt binder without SBS. The findings showed that the addition of the SBS to asphalt binder improved the fatigue resistance as it was noted that the fatigue parameter (G*.sin δ) was decreasing as the temperature decreases. The BBR results also showed that the addition of SBS enhanced the low-temperature performance by lowing the creep stiffness and increasing the m-values compared to the control asphalt binder. The best performance against fatigue cracking and thermal cracking was obtained using 6.1% SBS.
The Correlation of Climatic Factors with Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Palembang Bari General Hospital
Authors: Ghiffari A , Anwar C , Soleha M , Prameswarie T , Anggina D N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An estimated 50 million dengue infections occur worldwide every year, nonetheless in Palembang that the death of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) continues to be a public health problem. Several factors such as characteristic determinants and climate factors caused a high rate of DHF. The study aims to determine the correlation of patients’ characteristics and climatic factors with the incidence of DHF in the general hospital of RSUD Palembang Bari from January 2015 to August 2019. The study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design, using 309 patients’ data and climatic factors obtained from the climate office of the BMKG of Palembang. The sampling technique using a simple random sampling method and the analysis using the chi-square test and the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that the characteristics of DHF patients were a median age of 14 years, dominated by male patients (57,3%), and secondary education level (33,8%). The climatic factors that correlate with the incidence of DHF (p = 0.032) were the air temperature, while other factors such as rainfall (p = 0.797) and relative humidity (p = 0.718) were not significant. The highest incidence of dengue during 2015-2019 occurred around March-April each year. It is necessary to routinely carry out breading place eradication practice 2-3 months before the surge.