bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of testosterone replacement in men with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mangolim Amanda Sampaio , Brito Leonardo de Andrade Rodrigues , Nunes-Nogueira Vania dos Santos 
Published: November 2021

Objective
This systematic review evaluated the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men with obesity having low testosterone levels (LTLs).

Design and methods
Search strategies were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and CENTRAL databases. Two reviewers selected the studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data from the included studies. A random-effects model was used to pool results across studies, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence.

Results
A total of 16 randomized controlled trials were included. With moderate certainty of the evidence, no difference was found between TRT and placebo regarding total adverse events, TRT led to a 2-kg lean body mass gain and slightly improved low-density lipoprotein (LDL), without effects on the blood pressure. Due to imprecision/heterogeneity, effects in cardiovascular events (relative risk: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.26 to 1.05, 7 trials, 583 participants), high-density lipoprotein, hematocrit, prostate-specific antigen, HbA1c, and quality of life were unclear. TRT was effective for waist circumference and BMI; however, large between-study heterogeneity was found, with 95% prediction intervals crossing the null effect line. Meta-regression revealed that the average age of participants was a significant modifier for both outcomes.

Conclusion
TRT slightly improved the lean body mass and LDL in men with obesity having LTLs but did not affect the blood pressure. The effects of TRT on cardiovascular events, HbA1c, and quality of life are unclear. The mean age of participants significantly modified the effect of TRT on weight loss.
Clinical Practice Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke
Authors:   SECTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL
Published: November 2021

Tobacco dependence starts in childhood. Tobacco exposure of children is common and causes illness and premature death in children and adults, with adverse effects starting in the womb. There is no safe level of tobacco smoke exposure. Pediatricians should screen for use of tobacco and other nicotine delivery devices and provide anticipatory guidance to prevent smoking initiation and reduce tobacco smoke exposure. Pediatricians need to be aware of the different nicotine delivery systems marketed and available. Parents and caregivers are important sources of children’s tobacco smoke exposure. Because tobacco dependence is a severe addiction, to protect children’s health, caregiver tobacco dependence treatment should be offered or referral for treatment should be provided (such as referral to the national smoker’s quitline at 1-800-QUIT-NOW). If the source of tobacco exposure cannot be eliminated, counseling about reducing exposure to children should be provided.
Health care delivery systems should facilitate the effective prevention, identification, and treatment of tobacco dependence in children and adolescents, their parents, and other caregivers. Health care facilities should protect children from tobacco smoke exposure and tobacco promotion. Tobacco dependence prevention and treatment should be part of medical education, with knowledge assessed as part of board certification examinations.
Evaluasi Kualitas Genetik Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Beberapa Sentra Budidaya di Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Hadie Lies Emmawati , Priono Bambang 
Published: November 2021

Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat keragaman genetik ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) unggul di sentra budidaya ikan nila yang berada di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Purwakarta, Jawa Barat. Analisis Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) digunakan untuk mengestimasi heterosigositas dan polimorfisme tiga strain ikan nila unggul yang banyak digunakan di dua sentra budidaya tersebut yaitu ikan nila Nirwana I, Nirwana III, dan Anjani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan nila strain Anjani dan strain Nirwana III memiliki nilai polimorfisme (>60%) dan heterosigositas yang tinggi yang mengindikasikan tingginya keragaman genetik dan kemampuan adaptasi pada kedua strain tersebut. Ikan nila strain Anjani dan Nirwana III, masih memiliki karakter unggul sebagai induk ataupun benih dan penggunaannya di masyarakat dapat terus dilanjutkan. Adapun pada ikan nila strain Nirwana I, menunjukkan nilai polimorfisme yang rendah (<60%) dan heterosigositas yang rendah, diduga sebagai akibat tingginya tingkat inbreeding pada strain tersebut. Dampak dari rendahnya tingkat keragaman genetik diantaranya adalah penurunan kecepatan tumbuh strain ikan nila tersebut sehingga tidak direkomendasikan digunakan sebagai induk unggul di masyarakat.
Половые диспропорции в потоках долговременной миграции в России
Authors: Мкртчян Никита Владимирович 
Published: November 2021

На основе данных Росстата проанализировано распределение потоков долговременной миграции в России по полу за 2004-2020 гг. с учетом их различий в отдельных возрастных группах. В международной миграции в России отмечается явное преобладание мужчин в трудоспособных возрастах, диспропорции нарастали после изменения методики учета в 2007 и особенно после 2011 г. Они привели не только к изменению масштабов учтенной долговременной миграции, но и к кардинальному изменению ее половозрастной структуры. К концу рассматриваемого периода диспропорции сохранились, но масштаб их существенно уменьшился. Во внутристрановых переселениях в целом диспропорции полов не выражено, однако в молодых возрастах женщины более активны, особенно в потоке внутрирегиональной миграции. Изменение подходов к учету внутренних долговременных мигрантов в 2011 г., приведшее к изменению их возрастного профиля, практически не оказало воздействия на их распределение по полу. Предприняты попытки объяснения неравного участия мужчин и женщин в миграции, однако эти особенности нуждаются в дальнейшем изучении. Ввиду существенной динамики половозрастного состава мигрантов ее необходимо своевременно учитывать при прогнозировании наряду с регулярными корректировками общих прогнозных гипотез.
Lipid profile, abnormality of serum glucose levels and their associated factors in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients
Authors: Endalkchew Biranu , Mistire Wolde , Abebe Edao Negesso , Million Molla Sisay , Habteyse Hailu Tola 
Published: November 2021

Background: The rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major public health concern around the world. Most patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have low body nutrients, hypocholesterolemia, and lower values were strongly associated with mortality in these patients. Representative data on lipid profile, fasting blood glucose abnormalities and their associated factors among MDR TB patients are lacking. Objective: To determine lipid profile, fasting blood glucose abnormalities and their associated factors among multi-drug resistant TB patients during therapy with anti-MDR-TB regimen in St.peter’s Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January to November 2020. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted among multi-drug resistant TB patients during MDR therapy regimen in St. Peter’s Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January to November 2020.Using the Consecutive sampling method a total of 162 blood samples was collected in SST tubes and analyzed by using the Cobas chemistry analyzer. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 packages. Simple descriptive statistics were used to present the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. Other associations were performed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A p-value of <0.05 at the 95 % confidence level were considered as statistically significant in all the analyses. Results: Mean age of the study participant was 35.9 ± 13.6 years. The prevalence of diabetes was 16%. Out of those who had diabetes (9.8%) was newly diagnosed and 6.2% already knew their diabetes status.The most common serum lipid profile abnormalities were 92.6 % HDL-C and 35.8% had TG levels above the borderline. Among MDR-TB patients, 25.9% had a fasting blood glucose level that was higher than normal (hyperglycemic). Conclusion: Lipid profile abnormalities and an increased risk of diabetes have been observed in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Factors associated with abnormal blood glucose needed attention to avoid further complications and also the finding of this research calls for the implementation of active case finding of DM in patients diagnosed for MDR-TB.
PENGARUH FASILITAS, TRANSPARANSI, PARTISIPASI DAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN SIMMADE (SIM MASUK DESA) DI KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Bhayu Pratama Nanda , Pribadi Ulung 
Published: November 2021

SIM Masuk Desa (SIMMADE) merupakan sebuah inovasi pelayanan publik yang dikeluarkan oleh Kepolisian Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta melalui Kepolisian Resor Bantul pada bulan September 2020. Dengan adanya inovasi pelayanan publik melalui SIMMADE diharapkan mampu memperluas jangkauan penerbitan SIM serta memecah kerumunan yang terjadi pada SatPas Polres Bantul. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna melihat pengaruh fasilitas, transparansi, partisipasi, dan sumber daya manusia terhadap efektivitas pelaksanaan SIMMADE (SIM Masuk Desa) di Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain metode penelitian kuantitatif dan juga dengan metode penelitian kualitatif berupa wawancara serta dokumentasi sebagai data penunjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelaksanaan SIMMADE atau variabel (X) terdiri dari fasilitas, transparansi, partisipasi dan sumber daya manusia yang memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel (Y) efektivitas pelaksanaan SIMMADE. Untuk melihat lebih jauh terhadap besarnya pengaruh variabel (X) terhadap variabel (Y) dapat dilihat dari hasil path koefisien. Hasil path coefficient menunjukkan hasil sebesar 0.753 yang berarti bahwa hasil path coefficient memiliki tingkat pengaruh yang baik dan kuat. Selain itu hasil statistik deskriptif terhadap efektivitas pelaksanaan SIMMADE terletak pada interval penilaian 4.24-5.00 yaitu 4.44 yang memiliki penilaian sangat baik.
Optimising Outpatient Pharmacy Staffing to Minimise Patients Queue Time using Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Amelia Putri , Lathifah Artya , Haq Muhammad Dliya'ul , Reimann Christoph Lorenz , Setiawan Yudi 
Published: November 2021

Background: To remain relevant in the customer-oriented market, hospitals must pay attention to the quality of services and meet customers' expectations from admission to discharge stage. For an outpatient customer, pharmacy is the last unit visited before discharge. It is likely to influence patient satisfaction and reflect the quality of hospital's service. However, at certain hospitals, the waiting time is long. Resources need to be deployed strategically to reduce queue time. Objective: This research aims to arrange the number of staff (pharmacists and workers) in each station in the pharmacy outpatient service to minimise the queue time.Methods: A discrete simulation method is used to observe the waiting time spent at the pharmacy. The simulation run is valid and effective to test the scenario. Results: It is recommended to add more personnel for the non-compounding medicine and packaging to reduce the waiting time by 22.41%Conclusion: By adding personnel to non-compounding and packaging stations, the system performance could be improved. Cost-effectiveness analysis should be done to corroborate the finding. Keywords: Discrete Event Simulation, Hospital, Outpatient Service, Pharmacy Unit, System AnalysisBackground: To remain relevant in the customer-oriented market, hospitals must pay attention to the quality of services and meet customers' expectations from admission to discharge stage. For an outpatient customer, pharmacy is the last unit visited before discharge. It is likely to influence patient satisfaction and reflect the quality of hospital's service. However, at certain hospitals, the waiting time is long. Resources need to be deployed strategically to reduce queue time. Objective: This research aims to arrange the number of staff (pharmacists and workers) in each station in the pharmacy outpatient service to minimise the queue time.Methods: A discrete simulation method is used to observe the waiting time spent at the pharmacy. The simulation run is valid and effective to test the scenario. Results: It is recommended to add more personnel for the non-compounding medicine and packaging to reduce the waiting time by 22.41%Conclusion: By adding personnel to non-compounding and packaging stations, the system performance could be improved. Cost-effectiveness analysis should be done to corroborate the finding. Keywords:Discrete Event Simulation, Hospital, Outpatient Service, Pharmacy Unit, System Analysis
CARTA DE SUSCETIBILIDADE A EROSÃO DO MUNICÍPIO DE ALIANÇA – PE A PARTIR DE ANÁLISE MULTICRITÉRIO
Authors: Listo Fabrizio De Luiz Rosito , Xavier Joaquim Pedro de Santana 
Published: November 2021

A erosão, a depender de sua intensidade, pode gerar situações negativas à paisagem tais como perdas agrícolas, materiais e de vidas humanas. Neste sentido, a realização de estudos que subsidiem o controle e a prevenção de processos erosivos é extremamente relevante. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a suscetibilidade a processos erosivos lineares no município de Aliança, Zona da Mata Norte de Pernambuco, atualmente sujeito a erosão em função de práticas agrícolas constantes. Para cumprir este objetivo, foram gerados dois cenários de suscetibilidade a partir da análise multicritério por meio da combinação de fatores condicionantes. Embora com distribuições percentuais distintas, ambos os cenários apresentaram predominância de classes de erosão fortes, confirmando a influência de fatores condicionantes morfológicos, pedológicos, de usos da terra, entre outros, na potencialização de feições erosivas. EROSION SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP OF ALIANÇA MUNICIPALITY (PERNAMBUCO STATE, BRAZIL) FROM MULTICRITERIA ANALYSISABSTRACTErosion, depending on its intensity, can generate negative responses to the landscape such as agricultural, material and human losses. Thus, the studies that support the control and prevention of erosive processes are extremely relevant. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the susceptibility to linear erosion processes in the Aliança municipality, northern coastal zone of Pernambuco State, which is currently subject to active erosion due to continued agricultural practices. In order to accomplish this aim, two susceptibility scenarios were generated based on multicriteria analysis, through the identification of a combination of conditioning factors. In spite of showing different percentage distributions, both scenarios presented a predominance of strong erosion classes, thus confirming the influence of morphological, pedological and land use factors, among others, upon the intensification of erosive features.Keywords: Multi-criteria analysis; erosive processes; susceptibility map.
FORMAÇÃO E DIAGÊNESE DE ARENITOS DE PRAIA: Uma Revisão Conceitual
Authors: Otavio Jonatas Malaquias , Girão Osvaldo , Holanda Tiago Fernando de , Da Silva Wenderson Sávyo Aguiar 
Published: November 2021

Os arenitos de praia, ou beachrocks, são sedimentos que sofreram um processo de litificação e são encontrados paralelamente à linha de costa na zona intermaré, apresentando uma forma alongada, estreita e cimentados por carbonato de cálcio. O processo de diagênese consiste na formação da rocha sedimentar propriamente dita a partir da compactação, dissolução, cimentação e recristalização. O estudo da formação e diagênese do arenito de praia são relevantes pois possibilita o entendimento de como as rochas sedimentares detríticas são geradas, além de reconhecer como a variação do nível do mar se comportou durante o Holoceno, permitindo a gênese destas feições que se constituem em relevantes elementos de resguardo das linhas de costas em ambientes majoritariamente tropicais. FORMATION AND DIAGENÈSE IN BEACHROCKS:A Conceptual Review ABSTRACTThe beach sandstones, or beachrocks, are sediments that underwent a lithification process and are found parallel to the coastline in the intertidal zone, presenting an elongated, narrow shape and cemented by calcium carbonate. The process of diagenesis consists on the formation of the sedimentary rock itself, following deposition, compaction, dissolution, cementation and recrystallization. The study of the formation and diagenesis of beach sandstone is relevant since it permits the understanding of how clastic sedimentary rocks are formed, besides with recognizing how sea level variation behaved during the Holocene, thus allowing the genesis of these features that constitute relevant elements of shelter along coastlines in most tropical environments. Keywords: Beachrocks, sedimentary rock, cementation.
Endothelial Microvascular Dysfunction and Its Relationship with Haptoglobin Levels in Patients with Different Phenotypes of Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Dragomiretskaya N. A. , Beliaev I. G. , Kucherova Ju. S. , Kazadaeva A. V. 
Published: November 2021

Aim. To study the relationship between the level of haptoglobin and the main indicators of microcirculation (MC) in patients with different phenotypes of chronic heart failure (CHF).Materials and methods. Patients with different phenotypes of functional class II-IV chronic heart failure according to NYHA (n=80) underwent a general clinical examination, determination of the serum haptoglobin level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as an assessment of the MC state on the medial surface of the upper third of the leg by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).Results. Patients with CHF included patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF; n=27, intermediate ejection fraction (HFmrEF; n=25) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; n=28). The median value of haptoglobin in the HFpEF group was 1387.6 [ 747.5; 1946.9] mg/l, in the HFmrEF group was 1583.4 [818.9; 2201.4] mg/l, in the HFrEF group was 968.5 [509.5; 1324.4] mg/l. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between haptoglobin and the amplitudes of the endothelial frequency range (Ae) in the groups of HFmrEF (r=-0.628, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.256; -0.825, p=0.003) and HFrEF (r=-0.503, 95% CI -0.089; -0.803, p=0.02). A negative relationship between the haptoglobin level and Kv and σ was revealed, as well as a formula for calculating the value of haptoglobin was obtained, which is predicted on the basis of the amplitude index of the endothelial frequency range: [haptoglobin]=1787-(4053×Ae).Conclusion. The multifactorial effect of haptoglobin is realized in the central and peripheral mechanisms of MC regulation. Low values of haptoglobin in blood plasma should be considered as a potential marker for the development of complications and used in a comprehensive assessment of the state of patients with CHF. Evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic significance of haptoglobin, especially in patients with HFmrEF, requires further study.
Assessment of the Severity of Breast Artery Calcification on a Mammogram: Intraoperator and Interoperator Reproducibility
Authors: Bochkareva E. V. , Butina E. K. , Bayramkulova N. Kh. , Abdalova O. A. , Kutsenko V. A. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose. To study approaches to the quantitative assessment of breast arterial calcification (BAC) – a new surrogate marker of high cardiovascular risk in women, to determine the most detailed way to quantify BAC and to assess the reproducibility of these parameters.Material and methods. Mammograms of 1,078 women were analyzed for the presence of BAC. The intraoperator reproducibility of the assessment of the severity of BAC using a 12-point scale (Margolies L et al., 2016) was studied by analyzing 20 mammograms by the same operator twice with an interval of at least 2 weeks. Inter-operator reproducibility was studied by analyzing 99 mammograms by two independent operators.Results. When assessing the intraoperative reproducibility of the total score for each mammary gland, the exact coincidence of the results was noted in 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53.5-83.4), in cases of difference of no more than 1 point – in 27.5% (95%CI 14.6-43.9), only in 1 case the difference in assessments was 2 points. No systematic error was found between the two measurements (p=1.0), the correlation coefficient was rs=0.973. The assessment of inter-operator reproducibility showed that the exact coincidence of indicators was present in 48.5% (95%CI 41.3-55.7), in 91.4% (95% CI 86.6-94.9) cases, the total score for each the mammary gland differed by no more than 1 point. There was no systematic error between the measurements of the two experts (p=0.438), the correlation coefficient was rs=0.942.Conclusion. A good intraoperator and interoperator reproducibility of indicators of the severity of BAC on a 12-point scale has been shown, which makes it possible to recommend it for use in science and practice.
Efficiency of the Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus Dissolution in Patients with Persistent Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation with Warfarin or Direct Oral Anticoagulants Therapy
Authors: Mazur E. S. , Mazur V. V. , Bazhenov N. D. , Orlov Yu. A. 
Published: November 2021

Aim. Compare the incidence of the left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus dissolution in patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC).Materials and methods. 68 patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were included in a retrospective study (age was 59.7±9.8 years, 60.3% men), in whom at least one repeated transesophageal echocardiographic examination was performed after detecting a thrombus. After detecting a thrombus in the LAA, 37 (54.4%) patients started or continued taking warfarin in doses that ensure the INR maintenance at the level of 2-3, 14 (20.6%) started or continued taking dabigatran at a dose of 150 mg 2 times/day, 14 (20.6%) started or continued taking rivaroxaban 20 mg 1 time/day and 3 (4.4%) started or continued taking apixaban 5 mg 2 times/day. Repeated transesophageal echocardiographic examination was performed on average 33.3±14.2 days after the first one.Results. Dissolution of a previously identified thrombus was found in 26 (83.9%) of 31 patients receiving DOAC and in 19 (51.4%) of 37 patients receiving warfarin (p=0.011). The logistic regression analysis showed that the chances of a thrombus dissolution in LAA while taking DOAC are 14.8 times (95% confidence interval [CI] was 2.469-88.72) higher than while taking warfarin. The size and the rate at which blood is expelled from the LAA also have an independent influence on the chances of thrombus dissolution. An increase in the size of a thrombus by 1 mm reduces the chances of a thrombus dissolution by 1.136 (95% CI was 1.040-1.244) times, and an increase in the rate of blood expulsion from the LAA by 1 cm/sec increases these chances by 1.105 (95% CI was 1.003-1.219) times.Conclusion. In the present study, the incidence of the LAA thrombus dissolution in patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation while receiving DOAC was higher than while receiving warfarin.