bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusarium spp. diversity associated with symptomatic Acacia koa in Hawaiʽi
Authors: Dobbs John T. , Kim Mee‐Sook , Dudley Nicklos S. , Jones Tyler C. , Yeh Aileen , Dumroese R. Kasten , Cannon Philip G. , Hauff Robert D. , Klopfenstein Ned B. , Wright Sean , Stewart Jane E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFusarium spp. comprise diverse plant pathogens, which affect both agriculturally and ecologically important plant species, and harmless saprobes. Fusarium spp. inhabit widely ranging, geographic regions across the globe and can be found in soil or plant tissue in every climate type, ranging from tropical to polar regions. In their native habitats, Fusarium spp. are typically innocuous and ubiquitous soil saprophytes; however, Fusarium spp. can become devastating pathogens, especially after introduction into novel environments, where hosts are not adapted to Fusarium infection. Hawaiʽi is among the most isolated regions on Earth. Due to this isolation, many of Hawaiʽi's native plant species are not well adapted to cope with introductions of novel flora, fauna and pathogens. Pathogens, including Fusarium spp., have had a major impact on Acacia koa (koa), an iconic tree species in Hawaiʽi's forests. Multiple Fusarium spp. have been identified in association with koa, some of which have been screened for pathogenicity to koa. This study identified new associations of Fusarium spp. with koa root samples including F. verticillioides, F. redolens, F. anthophilum, F. babinda, F. commune, F. fujikuroi and F. lactis and suggests that a complex of Fusarium spp. may contribute to disease severity. Potential spread of putative pathogens across the Hawaiian Islands is suggested on the basis of haplotype network analysis.
First record of a mermithid nematode (Nematoda:Mermithidae) parasitizing winged females of gall‐forming aphids (Hemiptera:Aphididae:Eriosomatinae)
Authors: Tong Xin , Kanzaki Natsumi , Akimoto Shin‐ichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractJuvenile mermithid nematodes were found to parasitize winged females (sexuparae) ofEriosoma auratumandTetraneura radicicola. The morphological characteristics of mermithid nematodes are briefly described. The 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA obtained from one nematode were sequenced and used to construct a Bayesian phylogenetic tree, on which the host ranges of mermithid nematodes were represented. Our study indicated that mermithid parasitism of sexuparae led to fewer and smaller sexual female embryos. This is the first record of a mermithid in relation to eriosomatine aphids and the fourth record with respect to Aphididae.
Efficacy, tolerability, and retention of fenfluramine for the treatment of seizures in patients with Dravet syndrome: Compassionate use program in Germany
Authors: Strzelczyk Adam , Pringsheim Milka , Mayer Thomas , Polster Tilman , Klotz Kerstin A. , Muhle Hiltrud , Alber Michael , Trollmann Regina , Spors Hartwig , Kluger Gerhard , Kurlemann Gerhard , Schubert‐Bast Susanne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveDravet syndrome (DS) is a rare but severe drug‐resistant epilepsy. Before the approval of fenfluramine (FFA) for the treatment of seizures in DS, patients in Germany could receive treatment under a compassionate use program (CUP).MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study to describe the efficacy, tolerability, and retention of FFA within the CUP. Patients received add‐on therapy with oral FFA gradually titrated to a target dose between .13 and .7 mg/kg/day.ResultsOverall, 78 patients with DS (median age = 8.0 years, range = 2.1–46.0; 53% female, median concomitant antiseizure medications [ASMs] = 3) were treated with FFA for a median duration of 255.5 days (range = 31–572). Responder rates (a ≥50% reduction;n = 78) and seizure‐freedom rates at 3 months were 68% and 14% for total seizures, respectively, and 67% and 23% for generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Responder rates were consistent at 6 and 12 months (n = 66 andn = 43, respectively). Median seizure days per month significantly decreased from 10.0 (range = .5–30) to 3.0 (range = 0–30) in the 3‐month period before and after FFA treatment (p < .001). Significantly fewer patients reported at least one episode of status epilepticus (28% vs. 14% patients before and after FFA initiation,p = .005). During FFA treatment, 35 (45%) patients were able to discontinue a concomitant ASM. At the last follow‐up date, 66 (85%) patients remained on treatment with FFA. The most common adverse events were somnolence (36%), decreased appetite (22%), and ataxia (8%). Forty‐eight (62%) patients were reported as having a meaningful global clinical improvement.SignificanceIn a large cohort of patients, FFA demonstrated efficacy across a range of outcomes including clinically significant reductions in convulsive seizures, and was well tolerated, providing valuable information for real‐world practice.
STAT3 maintains skin barrier integrity by modulating SPINK5 and KLK5 expression in keratinocytes
Authors: Kim Jaehyung , Kim Min‐Gyu , Jeong Sang Hoon , Kim Hee Joo , Son Sang Wook 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSkin barrier dysfunction induces skin inflammation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is known to be involved in Th17‐mediated immune responses and barrier integrity in the cornea and intestine; however, its role in the skin barrier remains largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated the potential role of STAT3 in the skin barrier and its effect on kallikrein‐related peptidase 5 (KLK5) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal‐type 5 (SPINK5) expression using a mouse model with keratinocyte‐specific ablation of STAT3. Keratinocyte‐specific loss of STAT3 induced a cutaneous inflammatory phenotype with pruritus and intense scratching behaviour in mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes associated with impaired skin barrier function, including KLK5, were upregulated. The effect of STAT3 on KLK5 expression in keratinocytes was not only substantiated by the increase in KLK5 expression following treatment with STAT3 siRNA but also by its decreased expression following STAT3 overexpression. Overexpression and IL‐17A–mediated stimulation of STAT3 increased the expression of SPINK5, which was blocked by STAT3 siRNA. These results suggest that the expression of SPINK5 and KLK5 in keratinocytes could be dependent on STAT3 and that STAT3 might play an essential role in the maintenance of skin barrier homeostasis.
The “diseased” activist's body as the site of trauma: Anti‐racist struggles and the postrace academy
Authors: Ibrahim Yasmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper is an autoethnographic account of the “racialized activist body” in the White academy and in tandem the bio‐politics and bio‐ethics of its right to be an affective body or to possess its senses against the trauma of anti‐racist struggles in higher education institutions. The paper argues that in the postrace university, the “activist body” birthed through trauma becomes a conduit for the pain of others enacting it as a site for the deposition and transmutation of trauma in the quest for racial and social justice. It employs Bracha Ettinger’s notion of “matrixial borderspace” to examine the interplay of social relations between of the activist body and other traumatized subjects in the provision of care as an activist. Two narratives unfold in the paper fusing the articulations of the main text with the paratext to unleash the tumultuous psyche of the activist and her journey of voicing resistance in her anti‐racist struggles. In the process, the activist body emerges as a “diseased site,” overloaded with the trauma of others, yet numbed in its inability to reconnect with its own corporeality and professional identity in its interface with White governmentality. The paper asserts that anti‐racist struggles reassemble the activist body, tightly welding it with exhaustion which manifests in the pervasiveness of racial battle fatigue in the ivory tower.
‘It gives you the skills of how you can cope’: Exploring the self‐reported experience of patients receiving in‐centre haemodialysis on participating in chosen art activities
Authors: Taylor Francesca , Drennan Vari M. , Turner Marie‐Louise , Jones Jeunita , Popoola Joyce 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of patients are receiving dialysis, particularly in high‐income countries. Patients receiving haemodialysis often experience fatigue, anxiety, depression and boredom. It is suggested that arts activities could have a therapeutic effect.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore patients' perspectives of participating while on dialysis in chosen arts and creative living activities provided by tutors at the bedside.DesignQualitative semi‐structured interviews in the interpretive tradition were conducted, with thematic analysis.Setting and ParticipantsFifteen patients of different ages, genders and ethnicities who participated in an arts activity while receiving haemodialysis in an inner‐city dialysis unit in England were included in this study.ResultsParticipants reported positive experiences of engaging in art activities. Their views on the value of the activities were grouped into five themes: diversion from receiving haemodialysis, a sense of achievement, contribution to a more positive self‐identity, increased confidence and motivation and a therapeutic talking relationship. Participants suggested that patient peer promotion of the activities could increase uptake, with patient choice of activity seen as important.ConclusionsParticipation in a chosen arts activity while receiving haemodialysis was perceived by patients to have positive psychosocial effects. We theorize three potential explanatory mechanisms for these effects: That the experience of participating in the activities engendered positive psychological states of ‘being in the flow’; enhanced self‐esteem to add to personal coping mechanisms; and offered additional facets to the patient's identity that countered the stigmatizing effect of receiving dialysis.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and public representatives advised on the design, research methods and tools.
Is this time really different? How the impact of the COVID‐19 crisis on labour markets contrasts with that of the global financial crisis of 2008–09
Authors: VERICK Sher , SCHMIDT‐KLAU Dorothea , LEE Sangheon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a more severe labour market crisis in 2020 than that witnessed during the 2009 global financial crisis. As a consequence of lockdown measures, which have been the main cause of damage to labour markets, the deepest impacts in 2020 have been found in middle‐income economies, while certain sectors, such as accommodation and food services, and groups, especially young women, have proved to be particularly vulnerable. Contrary to adjustment processes during the global financial crisis, the COVID‐19 crisis has resulted in a greater rise in inactivity than in unemployment. Policy support needs to be maintained to avoid an unequal recovery.
Household transmission of COVID‐19 among the earliest cases in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Ratovoson Rila , Razafimahatratra Rado , Randriamanantsoa Lova , Raberahona Mihaja , Rabarison Hasina Joelinotahiana , Rahaingovahoaka Fara Nirintsoa , Andriamasy Emmanuel Harizaka , Herindrainy Perlinot , Razanajatovo Norosoa , Andriamandimby Soa Fy , Dussart Philippe , Schoenhals Matthieu , Randria Mamy Jean de Dieu , Heraud Jean Michel , Randremanana Rindra Vatosoa 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHouseholds are among the highest risk for the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. In sub‐Saharan Africa, very few studies have described household transmission during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our work aimed to describe the epidemiologic parameters and analyze the secondary attack rate (SAR) in Antananarivo, Madagascar, following the introduction of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the country in March 2020.MethodsA prospective case‐ascertained study of all identified close contacts of laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 infections was conducted in Antananarivo from March to June 2020. Cases and household contacts were followed for 21 days. We estimated epidemic parameters of disease transmission by fitting parametric distributions based on infector‐infected paired data. We assessed factors influencing transmission risk by analyzing the SAR.FindingsOverall, we included 96 index cases and 179 household contacts. Adjusted with the best‐fit normal distribution, the incubation period was 4.1 days (95% CI 0.7–7.5]). The serial interval was 6.0 days (95% CI [2.4–9.6]) after adjusting with the best‐fit Weibull distribution. On average, each index case infected 1.6 family members (95%CI [0.9–2.3]). The mean SAR among close contacts was 38.8% (95% CI [19.5–58.2]) with the best‐fit gamma distribution. Contacts older than 35 years old were more likely to be infected, and the highest SAR was found among them.ConclusionThe results of our study provide key insights into the epidemiology of the first wave of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Madagascar. High rates of household transmission were found in Antananarivo, emphasizing the need for preventive measures to reduce community transmission.
Uncertainty and the Bank of England's MPC
Authors: CHAPPELL HENRY W. , GREENE WILLIAM , HARRIS MARK N. , SPENCER CHRISTOPHER 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate how recently developed measures of uncertainty affect the voting behavior of individual Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) members. To determine the precise impact of uncertainty on individual policymakers, we estimate the standard errors of member‐specific parameters in a random parameters ordered probit framework. We find that uncertainty is typically associated with voting to ease the policy stance. The Bank of England's in‐house uncertainty index plays a prominent role in driving voting behavior. Based on this measure, the MPC emerges as a diverse group of activist risk managers.
Litigating for legality: Nature conservation, commercial fisheries and disputed territoriality in Ukraine's Danube Delta
Authors: Richardson Tanya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBetween 2014 and 2016, Ukraine's Danube Biosphere Reserve (DBR) administrators devoted extensive time to lawsuits in which they defended the legality of commercial fisheries in reserve territory. Two cases are discussed in order to examine what impact litigation had and why administrators pursued litigation when dominant accounts of law in Ukraine suggest that avoiding the courts might be a more likely response. It analyzes court documents and interviews gathered during anthropological research about nature conservation in the Danube Delta by combining insights from political ecology, agrarian studies, and socio‐legal scholarship on Ukraine. Even though administrators lost their cases and had to rezone the reserve, engaging in litigation helped them defend fishing commons against further enclosure by environmentalists, state officials, and business people, and to minimize predatory behavior that could exclude delta residents. This demonstrates litigation's important but often overlooked role in challenging the outcomes of natural resource‐related internal state territorialization.
Botulinum toxin–induced blepharoptosis: Anatomy, etiology, prevention, and therapeutic options
Authors: Nestor Mark S. , Han Haowei , Gade Anita , Fischer Daniel , Saban Yves , Polselli Roberto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) has grown tremendously in aesthetic dermatology since 2002 when the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved its use for treating moderate‐to‐severe glabellar lines. Blepharoptosis, due to local spread of toxin, is a reported side effect of BoNT‐A which, although rare, more frequently occurs among inexperienced practitioners.ObjectivesThe purpose of this review is to highlight the causes and management of eyelid ptosis secondary to BoNT‐A administration including new anatomic pathways for BoNT‐A spread from the brow area to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.MethodsA literature search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, EBSCO) regarding eyelid anatomy and the underlying pathogenesis, presentation, prevention, and treatment of eyelid ptosis secondary to BoNT‐A. Anatomic dissection has been performed to assess the role of neurovascular pedicles and supraorbital foramen anatomic variations.ResultsBlepharoptosis occurs due to weakness of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Mean onset is 3–14 days after injection and eventually self‐resolves after the paralytic effect of BoNT‐A wanes. Administration of medications, such as oxymetazoline hydrochloride or apraclonidine hydrochloride eye drops, anticholinesterase agents, or transdermal BoNT‐A injections to the pre‐tarsal orbicularis, can at least partially reverse eyelid ptosis. Anatomic study shows that a supraorbital foramen may be present in some patients and constitutes a shortcut from the brow area directly into the orbital roof, following the supraorbital neurovascular pedicle.ConclusionProviders should understand the anatomy and be aware of the causes and treatment for blepharoptosis when injecting BoNT‐A for the reduction of facial wrinkles. Thorough anatomic knowledge of the supraorbital area and orbital roof is paramount to preventing incorrect injection into “danger zones,” which increase the risk of eyelid ptosis.
Ergonomics in follicular unit excision surgery
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Kim Na Rae , Manonukul Kotchamol 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcentration and physical strength are essential for the long duration of hair transplant surgery. Because both the patient and the doctor must maintain certain postures for long periods, the importance of ergonomics cannot be understated.AimsTo review the devices, instruments, and techniques developed for ergonomic follicular unit excision surgery, to present our experience with various ergonomic modifications, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the related devices, novel concepts, and methods.MethodsWe evaluated the scientific evidence supporting the ideas, methods, devices, and systems to help create a better ergonomic environment, and we investigated how these elements can be fine‐tuned to improve efficiency when performing follicular unit excision graft harvesting.ResultsThrough innovative methods, ideas, devices, and instruments, the authors achieved a high‐quality ergonomic environment for performing follicular unit excision.ConclusionFollicular unit excision is a widely used technique in hair restoration surgery. However, follicular unit excision is a very laborious and time‐consuming procedure and mandates the best ergonomic conditions for both the surgeon and the patient. Therefore, it is crucial that the physician understands and appropriately adopts the various means and techniques to provide an ergonomic environment.
Lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of uterine cervix: Preoperative diagnosis and course in three cases
Authors: Ikeda Asami , Abiko Kaoru , Emoto Ikuko , Ujita Mari , Takao Yumi , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we describe three cases of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the uterine cervix and review relevant literature. All three patients initially presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Gross appearances were endophytic with ulcerated mucosa in case 1, exophytic with polypoid morphology in case 2, and unremarkable even using colposcopy and hysteroscopy in case 3. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated well‐demarcated cervical masses with high‐intermediate intensity on T2‐weighted images and high intensity on diffusion‐weighted images in all three cases. In case 3, biopsy referring to local information from magnetic resonance images was required for preoperative diagnosis. We reviewed the literature of 59 lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma cases in 19 papers published between 2001 and 2020. Preoperative diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma is sometimes challenging, although magnetic resonance imaging findings may help determine the location of the tumor and obtain a successful biopsy.
When the non‐sharing of therapeutic goals becomes the problem: The story of a consumer and his addiction to methadone
Authors: Faccio Elena , Aquili Ludovica , Anonymous  , Rocelli Michele 
Published: August 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

It is well known that psychotropic drugs, besides having beneficial effects, may become a source of addiction.

Drug therapy involving methadone is traditionally considered an essential medicine in the treatment for heroin dependence since it significantly reduces drug injecting and death rates associated with opioid dependence.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper investigates a paradoxical situation: the use of methadone therapy to maintain a condition of addiction rather than to overcome it. The story is told jointly by the head of a rehab centre and a young man who has developed a methadone addiction and kept it hidden for years from the operators of the addiction centre, who supplied him with the substance.

What are the implications for mental‐health nursing?

The young man's story offers a key example which can be of interest not only for addiction centres but also for all mental‐health services that supply drugs as therapy. This study examines what happens when a person taken over by a service pursues goals that are in contrast to the service mission.

Specific communication strategies have to be implemented to update and negotiate goals in continuity with the personal live project of the service user.

This story is a warning to not rely on consolidated operational practices, ignoring the investigation of personal meanings and aims of those who experience them.

AbstractIntroductionMental health services typically follow standardized intervention protocols and systematic operating practices.Aim/QuestionThis paper explores what happens when a service relies exclusively on fixed practices rather than on the negotiation of objectives and the differentiation of procedures according to the needs of the user.MethodThe analysis of the narratives produced in first person by Oliver, a former substance user, emphasizes the need of constructing a therapeutic plan in close cooperation, promoting an user active role and strengthening his affiliation in the change process.Results and DiscussionIn this specific case, the involvement of the user meant the identification of the peculiar meanings he attributed to the “substance of use,” which paradoxically coincided with the “therapeutic substance” (methadone).Implications for PracticeOliver's story is an effective mirror for rethinking staff conduct when it assumes that the drug is therapeutic in itself, regardless of the way the person experiences and means it, it also offers a description of the interactive ways in which the relationship between a young person and service staff proved to be effectively therapeutic.