bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A booster dose is immunogenic and will be needed for older adults who have completed two doses vaccination with CoronaVac: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial
Authors: Li Minjie , Yang Juan , Wang Lin , Wu Qianhui , Wu Zhiwei , Zheng Wen , Wang Lei , Lu Wanying , Deng Xiaowei , Peng Cheng , Han Bihua , Zhao Yuliang , Yu Hongjie , Yin Weidong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImportanceWhether herd immunity through mass vaccination is sufficient to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires an understanding of the duration of vaccine-induced immunity, and the necessity and timing of booster doses. Objective: To evaluate immune persistence of two priming doses of CoronaVac, and immunogenicity and safety of a third dose in healthy adults ≥60 years. Design, setting, and participants: We conducted a vaccine booster study built on a single-center, randomized, double-blind phase 1/2 trial of the two-dose schedule of CoronaVac among healthy adults≥60 years in Hebei, China. We examined neutralizing antibody titres six months or more after the second dose in all participants. We provided a third dose to 303 participants recruited in phase 2 trial to assess their immune responses.InterventionsTwo formulations (3 μg, and 6 μg) were used in phase 1 trial, and an additional formulation of 1.5 μg was used in phase 2 trial. All participants were given two doses 28 days apart and followed up 6 months after the second dose. Participants in phase 2 received a third dose 8 months after the second dose.Main outcomes and measuresGeometric mean titres (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies to live SARS-CoV-2 and adverse events were assessed at multiple time points following vaccination.ResultsNeutralizing antibody titres dropped below the seropositive cutoff of 8 at 6 months after the primary vaccination in all vaccine groups in the phase 1/2 trial. A third dose given 8 months or more after the second dose significantly increased neutralizing antibody levels. In the 3 μg group (the licensed formulation), GMT increased to 305 [95%CI 215.3-432.0] on day 7 following the third dose, an approximately 7-fold increase compared with the GMT 28 days after the second dose. All solicited adverse reactions reported within 28 days after a booster dose were of grade 1 or 2 severity.Conclusion and relevanceNeutralizing antibody titres declined substantially six months after two doses of CoronaVac among older adults. A booster dose rapidly induces robust immune responses. This evidence could help policymakers determine the necessity and the timing of a booster dose for older adults.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov(NCT04383574).
Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in High-Risk Occupational Population: a randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Feng Yongliang , Chen Jing , Yao Tian , Chang Yue , Li Xiaoqing , Xing Rongqin , Li Hong , Xie Ruixue , Zhang Xiaohong , Wei Zhiyun , Mu Shengcai , Liu Ling , Feng Lizhong , Wang Suping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVaccination is urgently needed to prevent the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we conducted a randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial for assessment of the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, aiming to determine an appropriate vaccination interval for high-risk occupational population. Participants were randomly assigned to receive two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (4 µg per dose) at an interval of either 14 days, 21 days or 28 days. The primary immunogenicity endpoints were neutralization antibody seroconversion and geometric mean titer (GMT) at 28 days after the second dose. Our results showed that the seroconversion rates (GMT ≥ 16) were all 100% in the three groups and the 0-21 and 0-28 groups elicited significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody level. All reported adverse reactions were mild. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100041705, ChiCTR2100041706)
Cross-seasonal weather effects interact with breeding conditions to impact reproductive success in an alpine songbird
Authors: de Zwaan Devin R. , Drake Anna , Camfield Alaine F. , MacDonald Elizabeth C. , Martin Kathy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn alpine habitats, fluctuating early-season weather conditions and short breeding seasons limit reproductive opportunities, such that arriving and breeding earlier or later than the optimum may be particularly costly for migratory species. Given early-season energy limitations, the influence of environmental conditions across the annual cycle on breeding phenology may have pronounced fitness consequences, yet our understanding of cross-seasonal dynamics in alpine breeding organisms is severely limited.For an alpine-breeding, migratory population of horned lark (Eremophila alpestris) in northern British Columbia, Canada (54.8°N latitude) we assessed how spatially explicit weather conditions from across the annual cycle influenced clutch initiation date and offspring development. We also addressed how cross-seasonal effects on breeding parameters interact to influence reproductive fitness.With 12 years of intensive breeding data and 3 years of migration data from archival light-level geolocators, we used a sliding window approach to identify critical points during the annual cycle where weather events most influenced breeding phenology and offspring development. Consequences for reproductive success were assessed using nest survival simulations.Average clutch initiation varied up to 11 days among years but did not advance from 2003 to 2019. Colder temperatures with greater precipitation at wintering habitats, as well as colder temperatures upon arrival at the breeding site delayed clutch initiation, independent of arrival time. Extreme cold (sub-zero temperatures) within a staging area just prior to arrival at the breeding site carried over to prolong offspring development rate, potentially by influencing parental investment. Nest survival decreased with both later clutch initiation and prolonged offspring development, such that females that nested earlier and fledged offspring at a younger age were up to 45% more likely to reproduce successfully.We demonstrate pronounced carry-over effects acting through mechanisms that influence breeding phenology and offspring development independently. We also highlight the potential importance of staging areas for alpine songbirds, particularly given that environmental conditions are becoming increasingly decoupled across seasons. Understanding the cross-seasonal mechanisms shaping breeding decisions in stochastic environments like the alpine enables more accurate predictions of future individual- and population-level responses to climate change.
VPS29 exerts opposing effects on endocytic viral entry
Authors: Poston Daniel , Weisblum Yiska , Hobbs Alvaro , Bieniasz Paul D. 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYEmerging zoonotic viral pathogens threaten global health and there is an urgent need to discover host and viral determinants influencing infection. We performed a loss-of-function genome-wide CRISPR screen in a human lung cell line using HCoV-OC43, a human betacoronavirus. One candidate gene, VPS29, was required for infection by HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV-2, other endemic and pandemic threat coronaviruses as well as ebolavirus. However, VPS29 deficiency had no effect on certain other viruses that enter cells via endosomes and had an opposing, enhancing effect on influenza A virus infection. VPS29 deficiency caused changes endosome morphology, and acidity and attenuated the activity of endosomal proteases. These changes in endosome properties caused incoming coronavirus, but not influenza virus particles, to become entrapped therein. Overall, these data show how host regulation of endosome characteristics can influence viral susceptibility and identify a host pathway that could serve as a pharmaceutical target for intervention in zoonotic viral diseases.
Integrating multi-omics data reveals function and therapeutic potential of deubiquitinating enzymes
Authors: Doherty Laura M. , Mills Caitlin E. , Boswell Sarah A. , Liu Xiaoxi , Hoyt Charles Tapley , Gyori Benjamin M. , Buhrlage Sara J. , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTDeubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are proteases that remove ubiquitin conjugates from proteins, thereby regulating protein turnover. Inhibition of DUBs promises to make classically undruggable targets such as the tumor suppressor TP53 and oncogene c-Myc amenable to regulation by small molecules. However, the majority of substrates and pathways regulated by DUBs remain unknown, impeding efforts to prioritize specific enzymes for research and drug development. To assemble a knowledgebase of DUB activities, co-dependent genes, and substrates, we combined targeted experiments using CRISPR libraries and inhibitors with systematic mining of functional genomic databases. Analysis of the Dependency Map, Connectivity Map, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, and protein-protein interaction databases yielded specific hypotheses about DUB function, a subset of which were confirmed in follow-on experiments. The data in this paper, which are browsable online via the DUB Portal, promise to improve understanding of DUBs as a family as well as the activities of specific DUBs such as USP14, UCHL5 and USP7, which have been targeted with investigational cancer therapeutics.
Time-analysis of COVID-19 dispersion among health care workers and the general population
Authors: Leme Patricia A. F. , Jalalizadeh Mehrsa , Dionato Franciele A. V. , Buosi Keini , Col Luciana S.B. Dal , Giacomelli Cristiane F. , Ferrari Karen L. , Pagliarone Ana Carolina , Gon Lucas M. , Maia Cristiane L. , Esfahani Akbar A. , Reis Leonardo O. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionHeath care workers with direct (HCW-D) or indirect (HCW-A) patient contact represent 4.2% to 17.8% of COVID-19 cases. We evaluate the temporal COVID-19 infection behavior among HCW-D, HCW-A, and non-HCW.MethodsFrom February 2020 to April 2021, trained nurses recorded age, gender, occupation, and symptoms in a COVID-19 testing outpatient health center. We allocated data into weekly time fractals and calculated the proportion of COVID-19 positive among HCW vs. non-HCW and incorporated an ARFIMA model (traditionally used in weather forecast) to predict future cases of COVID-19.ResultsAmong 8,998 COVID-19 RT-PCR tests, 3,462 (42%) patients were HCW-D, and 933 (11%) were HCW-A. Overall, 1,914 (21.3%) returned positive, representing 27%, 25% and 19% of HCW-D, HCW-A and non-HCW, respectively. HCW-D or HCW-A were significantly more likely to test positive for COVID-19 than non-HCW (OR=1.5, p<0.0001). The percentage of positive to negative test results remained steady over time. In the positive cases, the percentage of HCW to non-HCW declined significantly over time (Mann-Kendal trend test: tau=-0.58, p<0.0001). Our ARFIMA model showed a long-memory infection pattern in the occurrence of new COVID-19 cases lasting for months. Average error was 1.9 cases per week comparing predicted to actual values three months later (May-July 2021).ConclusionHCW have a sustained 50% higher risk of COVID-19 positivity in the pandemic. Time-series analysis showed a long-memory infection pattern with virus spread mainly among HCWs before the general population. The toolhttp://wdchealth.covid-map.com/shiny/covid-map/will be updated according to population previous infection and vaccination impact.
High vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection and severe disease among residents and staff of long-term care facilities in Norway, November – June 2021
Authors: Starrfelt Jostein , Danielsen Anders S , Kacelnik Oliver , Børseth Anita Wang , Seppälä Elina , Meijerink Hinta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 has caused high morbidity and mortality in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) worldwide. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) among residents and health care workers (HCWs) in LTCFs using Cox regressions. The VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 81.5 (95%CI: 75.3 – 86.1 82.7%) and 81.4% (95%CI: 74.5-86.4%) ≥ 7 days after 2ndvaccine dose among residents and staff respectively. The VE against COVID-19 associated death was 93.1% among residents, no hospitalisations occurred among HCW ≥7 days after 2nddose.
Follow the Money: A Closer Look at US Tobacco Industry Marketing Expenditures
Authors: Levy David T. , Liber Alex , Cadham Christopher J. , María Sánchez-Romero Luz , Hyland Andrew , Cummings K. Michael , Douglas Clifford E. , Meza Rafael , Henriksen Lisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhile much of the concern with tobacco industry marketing has focused on direct media advertising, a less explored form of marketing strategy is to discount prices. Price discounting is important because it keeps the purchase price low and can undermine the impact of tax increases.MethodsWe examine annual marketing expenditures from 1975 to 2019 by the largest cigarette and smokeless tobacco companies. We consider three categories: direct advertising, promotional allowances, and price discounting. In addition to considering trends in these expenditures, we examine how price discounting expenditures relate to changes in product prices and excise taxes.ResultsUS direct advertising expenditures for cigarettes fell from 80% of total industry marketing expenditures in 1975 to less than 3% in 2019, while falling from 39% in 1985 to 6% in 2019 for smokeless tobacco. Price-discounting expenditures for cigarettes became prominent after the Master Settlement Agreement and related tax increases in 2002. By 2019, 87% of cigarette marketing expenditures were for price discounts and 7% for promotional allowances. Smokeless marketing expenditures were similar: 72% for price promotions and 13% for promotional allowances. Price discounting increased with prices and taxes until reaching their currently high levels.ConclusionsWhile much attention focuses on direct advertising, other marketing practices, especially price discounting, has received less attention. Local, state and federal policies that use non-tax mechanisms to increase tobacco prices and restrict industry contracts with retailers are needed to offset/disrupt industry marketing expenditures. Further study is needed to better understand industry decisions about marketing expenditures.Key pointsWhile much of the concern with tobacco industry marketing has focused on direct media advertising, a less explored form of marketing strategy is to discount prices. Price discounting is important because it keeps the purchase price low and can undermine the impact of tax increases, contributing to tobacco initiation and exacerbating socio-economic health disparities.While cigarette and smokeless tobacco industry direct marketing expenditures have drastically fallen over time, price-discounting expenditures have dramatically increased in line with increases in prices and taxes.Local, state and federal policies that restrict non-tax mechanisms to increase tobacco prices and restrict industry contracts with retailers are needed to offset/disrupt industry marketing expenditures.
Induction of cross-reactive antibody responses against the RBD domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by commensal microbiota
Authors: Ninnemann Justus , Budzinski Lisa , Bondareva Marina , Witkowski Mario , Angermair Stefan , Kreye Jakob , Durek Pawel , Reincke S. Momsen , Sánchez-Sendin Elisa , Yilmaz Selin , Sempert Toni , Heinz Gitta Anne , Tizian Caroline , Raftery Martin , Schönrich Günther , Matyushkina Daria , Smirnov Ivan V. , Govorun Vadim M. , Schrezenmeier Eva , Dörner Thomas , Zocche Silvia , Viviano Edoardo , Sehmsdorf Katharina Johanna , Chang Hyun-Dong , Enghard Philipp , Treskatsch Sascha , Radbruch Andreas , Diefenbach Andreas , Prüss Harald , Mashreghi Mir-Farzin , Kruglov Andrey A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe commensal microflora is a source for multiple antigens that may induce cross-reactive antibodies against host proteins and pathogens. However, whether commensal bacteria can induce cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown. Here we report that several commensal bacteria contribute to the generation of cross-reactive IgA antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. We identified SARS-CoV-2 unexposed individuals with RBD-binding IgA antibodies at their mucosal surfaces. Conversely, neutralising monoclonal anti-RBD antibodies recognised distinct commensal bacterial species. Some of these bacteria, such as Streptococcus salivarius, induced a cross-reactive anti-RBD antibodies upon supplementation in mice. Conversely, severely ill COVID-19 patients showed reduction of Streptococcus and Veillonella in their oropharynx and feces and a reduction of anti-RBD IgA at mucosal surfaces. Altogether, distinct microbial species of the human microbiota can induce secretory IgA antibodies cross-reactive for the RBD of SARS-CoV-2.
Impact of a National Immunisation Program on herpes zoster incidence in Australia
Authors: Lin Jialing , Dobbins Timothy , Wood James G , Bernardo Carla , Stocks Nigel P , Liu Bette 
Published: August 2021

SummaryObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of the National Herpes Zoster (zoster) Immunisation Program in Australia on zoster incidence.MethodsEcological analysis of zoster incidence related to timing of implementation of the national program in vaccine-targeted (70-79 years) and non-targeted age groups (60-69 and 80-89 years) during January 2013-December 2018 was estimated using interrupted time-series analyses.ResultsPrior to program commencement (Jan 2013 to Oct 2016) in patients aged 60-69, 70-79 and 80-89 years, incidence was mostly stable averaging respectively 7.2, 9.6 and 10.8 per 1000 person-years. In the two years following program commencement, incidence fell steadily in those aged 70-79 years, with an estimated decrease of 2.25 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.17) per 1000 person-years per year, with women having a greater decrease than men (2.83 versus 1.68, p-interaction<0.01). In the two non-vaccine-program-targeted age groups there was no evidence of reduction in zoster incidence: 60-69 years, 0.46 (95% CI: -0.46, 1.38) and 80-89 years, 0.11 (95% CI: -1.64, 1.87).ConclusionsTwo years after implementation, an estimated 7000 zoster cases were prevented through the national program. With known waning vaccine efficacy, continued surveillance is needed to ensure these early reductions in incidence are sustained.
Thermal performance evaluation of a microchannel with different porous media insert configurations
Authors: Moosavi Rouhollah , Banihashemi Mehdi , Lin Cheng-Xian 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to numerically investigate the thermal performance evaluation of a microchannel with different porous media insert configurations.

Design/methodology/approach
Heat transfer and pressure drop of fluid flow through a three-dimensional (3D) microchannel with different partially and filled porous media insert configurations are investigated numerically. The number of divisions and positions of porous material inside the microchannel for 12 different arrangements are considered. A control volume method is used for single-phase laminar flow with the Darcy–Forchheimer model used for the porous media. The geometry of the problem consists of a microchannel with a rectangular cross-section of 0.4 mm × 0.2 mm and length 20 mm, with a stainless steel porous material insert with a porosity coefficient of ε = 0.32 and a Darcy number of Da = 2.7 × 10−4.

Findings
Numerical results show that when the transverse arrangement is used, as the number of partitions increases, the thermal performance is improved and the heat transfer increases up to 300% compared to that of the plain microchannel. Comparing the obtained results from the microchannels with transverse and longitudinal configurations, at low Reynolds numbers, the transverse arrangement of porous blocks and at high Reynold numbers, the longitudinal arrangement present the best thermal performance which is virtually four times higher compared to the obtained Nu numbers from the plain microchannel. The results show that as the volume of porous material is constant in the cases with various transverse porous blocks, the pressure drop is not changed in these cases. Also, the highest thermal performance ratio is when the porous material is placed along the walls in a longitudinal direction.

Originality/value
To the best knowledge of the authors, in the previous research, the effect of the arrangement and location of the porous medium in the transverse and longitudinal direction in the microchannel and their effect in different states on the behavior of flow and heat transfer has not been numerically investigated. In this study, the porous media configuration and its placement in a 3D microchannel were numerically studied. The effect of porous material layout and configurations in different longitudinal and transverse directions on the pressure drop, heat transfer and thermal performance in the 3D microchannel is investigated numerically.
New (3+1)-dimensional integrable fourth-order nonlinear equation: lumps and multiple soliton solutions
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce a new (3 + 1)-dimensional fourth-order integrable equation characterized by second-order derivative in time t. The new equation models both right- and left-going waves in a like manner to the Boussinesq equation.

Design/methodology/approach
This formally uses the simplified Hirota’s method and lump schemes for determining multiple soliton solutions and lump solutions, which are rationally localized in all directions in space.

Findings
This paper confirms the complete integrability of the newly developed (3 + 1)-dimensional model in the Painevé sense.

Research limitations/implications
This paper addresses the integrability features of this model via using the Painlevé analysis.

Practical implications
This paper presents a variety of lump solutions via using a variety of numerical values of the included parameters.

Social implications
This work formally furnishes useful algorithms for extending integrable equations and for the determination of lump solutions.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper introduces an original work with newly developed integrable equation and shows useful findings of solitons and lump solutions.
Cyberattacks against the health-care sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gafni Ruti , Pavel Tal 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the changes in cyberattacks against the health-care sector during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
The changes in cyberattacks of the health-care sector are analyzed by examination of the number and essence of published news concerning cybersecurity attacks on the health-care sector during 2019 and compared them to those published during 2020, based on two main websites, which review such incidents.

Findings
This study found that there was a significant growth in reports of cyberattacks on the health-care sector. Moreover, the number of cyberattacks fit interestingly to the pattern of waves of the disease, which expanded worldwide. During the first wave the number of reports was doubled or even tripled, compared to the same period in 2019, a tendency that was slightly waned afterwards.

Practical implications
This study helps to deepen the awareness of information security implications of a potential global devastating crisis, even in the cybersecurity domain, and on the health-care sector, among various other affected sectors and domains.

Social implications
COVID-19 pandemic created long-term wide-range changes that affect every individual and sector, mainly owing to the shift to remote working model, which impose long-term new cybersecurity changes, among them to the health-care industry.

Originality/value
This paper extends the existing information on implication of remote working model on information security and of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cybersecurity of health-care institutions around the world.