bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varus Knee Deformity Classification Based on Degree and Extra- or Intra-Articular Location of Coronal Deformity and Osteoarthritis Grade
Authors: Bagaria Vaibhav , Kulkarni Rajiv V. , Sadigale Omkar S. , Sahu Dipit , Parvizi Javad , Thienpont Emmanuel 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Medial coronal plane malalignment, also known as varus alignment, is commonly reported in osteoarthritic knees. Although the degree of deformity provides some insight regarding the severity of the disease, it does not always reflect the potential complexity of the surgical treatment.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the radiographs of 100 consecutive knees in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. For each knee, coronal alignment, expressed as the hip-knee-ankle angle, was measured on a full-leg standing radiograph and classified in 3 stages. The primary location of the varus deformity was identified as intra-articular and/or extra-articular. Additionally, knees were evaluated to assess for 10 radiographic features of varus deformity and then classified in 3 grades of osteoarthritis severity.

Results:
The mean (and standard deviation) preoperative varus deformity was 11° ± 6° of varus (hip-knee-ankle, 169°), as measured on standardized full-leg radiographs. Extra-articular varus deformity was observed in 14% of patients. A higher number of radiographic features of varus severity corresponded with higher degrees of deformity. Varus grade correlated strongly with stage of varus deformity. Twenty-three (100%) of 23 stage-III deformities had grade-C features; however, 13 (48%) of 27 stage-I patients also had grade-C disease.

Conclusions:
One of every 7 osteoarthritis patients with varus deformity had an extra-articular deformity, and 1 of 2 of these patients had severe intra-articular disease (grade C) despite limited coronal deformity (stage I). These findings reconfirm the need for individual deformity analysis that accounts for the degree, location, and severity of the varus deformity. This insight may help to formulate an algorithmic treatment approach specific to the epiphyseal knee anatomy of the patient and according to the surgical preferences of the surgeon.

Clinical Relevance:
Knee surgeons tend to consider knees with higher degrees of coronal deformity as more technically difficult, but the present study shows that knees with less deformity can still present with severe grades of osteoarthritis inside the knee, leading to more challenging joint reconstruction.
Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Panico Leighann , Roy Trinava , Namdari Surena 
Published: October 2021

» Pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon is a common source of shoulder pain and often occurs in combination with other shoulder disorders.» Nonsurgical management, including rest and activity modification, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and corticosteroid injections, is usually the first line of treatment.» Patients with symptoms that are refractory to nonsurgical management are indicated for biceps tenotomy or various tenodesis procedures.» Although several studies have reported a higher incidence of “Popeye” deformity, muscle cramping, and pain in the bicipital groove postoperatively with tenotomy compared with tenodesis, there are no substantial differences in functional scores or patient satisfaction between the 2 techniques.» To date, both tenotomy and tenodesis have been shown to be effective options in the management of long head of the biceps tendinopathy, and there are advantages to each procedure.
PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade enhances FLOT chemotherapy toxicity in oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells via immune-independent mechanisms
Authors: davern maria , Brien Rebecca M. O’ , McGrath Jason , Donlon Noel E. , Melo Ashanty A. , Buckley Croí E. , Sheppard Andrew D. , Reynolds John V. , Lynam-Lennon Niamh , Maher Stephen G. , Lysaght Joanne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chemotherapy upregulates immune checkpoint (IC) expression on the surface of tumour cells and IC-intrinsic signalling confers a survival advantage against chemotherapy in several cancer-types including oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, the signalling pathways mediating chemotherapy-induced IC upregulation and the mechanisms employed by ICs to protect OAC cells against chemotherapy remain unknown.Longitudinal profiling revealed that FLOT-induced IC upregulation on OE33 OAC cells was sustained for up to 3 weeks post-treatment, returning to baseline upon complete tumour cell recovery. Pro-survival MEK signalling mediated FLOT-induced upregulation of PD-L1, TIM-3, LAG-3 and A2aR on OAC cells promoting a more immune-resistant phenotype. Single agent PD-1, PD-L1 and A2aR blockade decreased OAC cell viability, proliferation and mediated apoptosis. Mechanistic insights demonstrated that blockade of the PD-1 axis decreased stem-like marker ALDH and expression of DNA repair genes. Importantly, combining single agent PD-1, PD-L1 and A2aR blockade with FLOT enhanced cytotoxicity in OAC cells. These findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into the immune-independent functions of IC-intrinsic signalling in OAC cells with important clinical implications for boosting the efficacy of the first-line FLOT chemotherapy regimen in OAC in combination with ICB to not only boost anti-tumour immunity but also to suppress IC-mediated promotion of key hallmarks of cancer that drive tumour progression.
Recyclable Clay-Supported Heteropolyacid Catalysts for Complete Glycolysis and Aminolysis of Post-Consumer PET Beverage Bottles
Authors: Jeya Gopal , Ganesan Elumalai , Tajuddin Aimi Asilah Haji , Ito Yoshikazu , Dhanalakshmi Ravikumar , Sivamurugan Vajiravelu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this investigation, the use of phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as well as Zn2+ containing kaolin and bentonite explored for chemical recycling of post-consumer poly(ethyleneterephathalate) (PET) wastes have been explored. The clay supported catalysts containing 5wt% of the metals and heteropolyacids (HPAs) are synthesized using wet impregnation method. The effect of metal ions and HPAs loading on the surface area, pore volume, elemental composition and crystalline nature of the kaolin and bentonite has been evaluated by nitrogen adsorption and desorption studies, SEM-EDX mapping, powder XRD, FTIR and XPS analysis. The total surface area of BET increased with a loading of 5 wt% of Zn2+, PWA and PMA on kaolin and bentonite, while the pore volume and pore diameter remain unchanged. SEM and EDAX mapping images showed that the heteropolyacids crystals are well dispersed on the surface and occupied interlayer spaces of the clay support. SEM-EDX showed that bentonite showed a better loading of PWA and PMA compared with kaolin. PET waste water bottles collected from the local market used for the chemical recycling process. The aminolysis reaction using Zn2+ and PWA loaded on bentonite showed complete depolymerisation of PET wastes to produce 87-98% of BHETA. The glycolysis reaction using the above catalysts showed complete depolymerisation at 180-210 °C and yielded 78-90% of BHET. When comparing the clay, bentonite performed well in terms of heteropolyacid loading and afforded a higher yield of BHET and BHETA due to higher loading of Zn and HPA as supported by SEM-EDX and XPS. Reusability of the catalysts were also examined for glycolysis.
The Prevalence of Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and its Cardiometabolic Implications in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism.
Authors: Araujo-Castro Marta , PASCUAL-CORRALES Eider , Fernández-Argueso María , Rojano Nuria Bengoa , Cano Ana García , Mendiguchía Lucía Jiménez , CUESTA Martín 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the prevalence of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), and its implication on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study of patients with PA (exposed cohort, n=44) and all essential hypertensive (EH) patients with adrenal lesions without PA nor other adrenal hypersecretion (non-exposed cohort, n=41) on follow-up at our center between 2016 and 2020.Results: The mean age of patients with PA and EH was 55.1±14.13 and 66.3±10.93 (P<0.001), and 50% of PA and 39.0% of EH were women (P=0.309). At diagnosis, the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in PA was of 18.2%, and all were normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism cases. Globally, no differences were found in the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism compared to EH (18.2% vs 29.3%, P=0.229) but hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism was significantly more prevalent in EH patients than in PA (22.0% vs 0%, P=0.001). There were 47.7% (n=21) cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with PA (4 due to CKD and vitamin D deficiency and 17 due to vitamin D deficiency alone). The cardiometabolic profile of patients with PA and hyperparathyroidism (n=29) was similar to of those patients without hyperparathyroidism (n=15) at diagnosis and after a median follow-up of 3.6 years [IQR 1.1-5.9].Conclusions: Although primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism are common in patients with PA, their prevalence was similar than the observed in EH patients. Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually mild in PA, presenting as normocalcemic forms. No negative implications of the hyperparathyroidism in the cardiometabolic profile of PA were observed.
Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Liraglutide, a Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in Rats with Peripheral Acute Inflammation
Authors: Mert İrem , Cetinkaya Ayhan , Gurler Mujgan , Turel Canan , Celik Humeyra , Torun Ibrahim Ethem , Turel Idris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We tested our working hypothesis that that liraglutide (LRG), a Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, may potentiate the efficacy of tramadol (TR), a synthetic opioid, in acute inflammatory process and may has profound therapeutic effects in controlling the local acute inflammation. The present study aimed to explore the possible anti-inflammatory actions of LRG, TR or their combination treatments by investigating the inflammatory signs such as pain hypersensitivity, edema and fever in carrageenan (CG)-induced acute peripheral inflammation model in rats. The levels of several biomarkers for inflammatory status, angiogenesis and oxidative stress were also measured in inflamed tissues. CG induced inflammation in the paws of rats caused identified by hypersensitivities, redness, edema and fever. LRG, TR or LRG+TR significantly improved the mechanical and cold allodynia, and reduced the edema and fever. LRG dramatically suppressed the inflammatory signs when compared to those of TR. In addition, co-administration of TR and LRG resulted in further reduction of sensitivity to cold and mechanical stimuli. Efficacies of LRG, TR or LRG+TR on inflammatory induced reactions altered depending on inhibition rates in the biomarkers of inflamed paws. Consequently, the suppressive actions of TR, LRG or TR+LRG combination in the inflammation induced hypersensitivities, edema and fever indicates that these drugs have significant anti-inflammatory potential with anti-hypersensitivities, anti-edema and anti-pyretic effects. LRG with anti-inflammatory actions may be a highly promising options for the management of inflammatory conditions or inflammatory related various diseases.
Novel Composite Films Based on Acrylic Fibers Waste / Nano-Chitosan for Congo red Adsorption
Authors: Selim salah , Meligi Gamal A. , Abdelhamid Ahmed E. , Mabrouk Mahmoud A. , Hussain Ahmed I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dyes are a form of pollutant that has been dumped into water sources by a variety of industries, causing environmental and human health problems. As a result, the current research focuses on recycling acrylic fibers waste combined with nano-chitosan for use as an adsorbent to remove Congo red (CR) from wastewater. Acrylic ﬁbers (AF) waste were mixed with nano-chitosan (NCh) with different ratios and converted into films by using phase inversion method to prepare two nanocomposites films coded, AF-NCh and AF-NCh-Epichlorohydrin. The nanocomposites films have been characterized using; Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, surface area, and thermal analysis. The results revealed successful incorporation of NCh into AF matrix with highly porous structure. Adsorption studies were carried out to get the optimum condition for CR remediation process. Different parameters were employed such as, CR concentrations, adsorbent dose, effect of time and pH. Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms and kinetic studies evaluations were applied. Results declared that, the maximum adsorption capacities of AF-NCh and AF-NCh-Epichlorohydrin were 166.6 and 232.5 mg/g respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic mechanism obey Langmuir and pseudo second order models. Regeneration of the synthesized composite films were studied for five cycles and showed relative stable reading with high efficiency.
Production of Gas Diffusion Layers with Cotton Fibers for its use in Fuel Cells
Authors: Navarro A. , Gómez M. , Daza L. , Lopez-Cascales J. J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The gas diffusion layer (GDL) plays an important role in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) transporting the current to the collector plates, distributing the reactant gases to the catalyst surface, and evacuating the heat and water that is generated during the redox reactions. Speaking in terms of production cost, the GDL represents between 30% and 50% of the total cost of the membrane electrode assembling (MEA). However, despite its importance in fuel cells, until recent years, the GDLs have not been studied with the same intensity than other MEA components, such as the catalyst or the proton membrane.
In this work, we present the production process of a low cost GDL family that was developed at laboratory scale, using a non-woven paper-making process. A relevant aspect of these GDLs is that 40% of their composition is natural cotton, despite which they present good electrical and thermal conductivity, high porosity, good pore morphology, high hydrophobicity and gas permeability. Furthermore, when the GDL with its optimum cotton content was tested in a single open cathode fuel cell, a good performance was obtained, that make of this GDL a promising candidate for its use in fuel cells.
Effect of xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic SCNT embryo transfer on pregnancy rate and some physiological variables in goats
Authors: Samimi Amir Saeed , Aghamiri Seyed Morteza , Hajian Mehdi , Samimi Amir Masoud , Oroumieh Amin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The present study was conducted to determine if using α2-adrenergic agonists results in decreased stress levels (lower cortisol levels) in goats used for laparoscopic embryo [somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)] transfer; and there is an effect on pregnancy rate when stress levels are lessened. Sixty healthy does aged 24 ± 4 months and weighing 30 ± 3 kg were used in experimental, prospective, randomized and blinded study. In this study, embryos were created via the Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) method. Animals were randomly assigned to five groups: control (normal saline); xylazine (100 µg kg−1); detomidine (50 µg kg−1); medetomidine (20 µg kg−1); and dexmedetomidine (5 µg kg−1). Embryo transfer (through laparoscopic technique) began at 15 minutes and continued till 45 minutes post-treatment. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and ruminal motility were performed before (baseline) and after drug administration. Pregnancy detection was performed 38 days after embryo transfer.
Results

Compared to control, HR, RR and ruminal motility were significantly lower in α2-adrenergic agonists groups at 5–90, 15–60, and 5–120 minutes, respectively. Serum cortisol values significantly increased from baseline in the control group 45 minutes after drug administration (p = 0.001). At T45 and T120, serum cortisol concentration was significantly lower in α2-adrenergic agonists groups compared with the control. The pregnancy rate in control group (n = 4/12, 33.3%) was significantly lower than xylazine (n = 9/12, 75%; p = 0.041), detomidine (n = 10/12, 83.3%; p = 0.013), medetomidine (n = 9/12, 75%; p = 0.041) and dexmedetomidine (n = 10/12, 83.3%; p = 0.013); but no significant differences were observed among different α2-adrenergic agonists groups.
Conclusion

Alph2-adrenergic agonists are effective on increasing the pregnancy rate of SCNT embryo transfer in goats in this study. No significant differences were detected among different α2-adrenergic agonists.
The Best Choice for Low and Moderate Myopia Patients Incapable for Corneal Refractive Surgery: Implantation of a Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens
Authors: Wang Qin , Fan Lina , Zhou Qizhi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose To assess the early clinical outcomes of central hole phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICL V4c) implantation for correction low and moderate myopia, and to explore the relationship among arch height, intraocular pressure(IOP), and central anterior chamber depth(ACD). Methods This retrospective clinical study included 27 patients (47 eyes)which underwent implantation of ICL V4c for correction of myopia with spherical equivalent between -1.75 D and -6.0 D, From January 2017 to December 2018. Preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and IOP were evaluated at one day, one week, three mouths, six mouths, and twelve months. ACD, arch height, and endothelial cell density (ECD) were evaluated at one, three and twelve months. Results At 1 year follow-up, the UCVA of 75% eyes are larger than the preoperative CDVA, and that of 25% eyes are equal to the preoperative CDVA. The postoperative UCVA of the patients was higher than the preoperative BCVA and showed a stable trend. There was no significant difference in ECD (P > 0.05). One month after surgery, the arch height was (0.77 ±0.32) mm, and decreased to (0.63 ± 0.26) mm at the one-year after surgery. ACD was (3.24±0.25) mm in the preoperative, decreased significantly to (2.05±0.39) mm at one month, and rose to (2.2± 0.39) mm at one year after surgery. There was no significant correlation between IOP and ACD and arch height at 1 month and 1 year after operation. The correlation coefficient between ACD and arch height was -0.72 at 1 month after surgery, and it was -0.71 at 1 year. One patient had visual fatigue, one patient had glare, and none of subjects developed cataract, glaucoma and decompensation of corneal endothelium. Conclusion ICL implantation is a safe, effective and stable method for the correction of low and moderate myopia, and it may be a good alternative for patients with low and moderate myopia who cannot undergo corneal refractive surgery.
Integrated Transcriptome-Wide Profiling And Protein Structure Analysis of Pathogenic Genes In Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Ding Jing , Zhang Yan , Che Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Genetic factors are considered to determine the balance of the coagulation and anticoagulation processes, yet the genetic variants related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms and pathogenic mutations associated with VTE by determining VTE-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by transcriptome-wide profiling and assaying protein structure in VTE.Methods: Two gene expression datasets, GSE48000 and GSE19151, were accessed from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain gene expression data associated with VTE. We identified the DEGs between VTE patients and healthy people using R and performed functional enrichment analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Then, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for 25 VTE patients and 17 normal cases, and the structural locations of pathogenic missense mutations were identified using pyMOL. Finally, DGIdb database was used to select candidate drugs for the treatment of VTE.Results: A total of 232 DEGs were identified from the GEO database. The significant function of these DEGs was mostly involved in RNA catabolic process and ribosome pathway. Notably, the results of WES for DEGs and protein structure analysis showed that Histamine N-Methyltransferase (HNMT) (chr2: 138759649 C>T, rs11558538) may be a main predisposing factor for VTE. In addition, Amodiaquine, Harmaline, Aspirin, Metoprine, Dabigatran, and Diphenhydramine were screened for VTE therapy.Conclusion: The results showed that HNMT (chr2: 138759649 C>T, rs11558538) may be potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of VTE.
Maffucci Syndrome Complicated by Giant Chondrosarcoma in the Left Ankle with an IDH1 R132C Mutation: Case Report
Authors: Lv Haiyan , Jiang Hantao , Zhang Minge , Luo Huarong , Hong Zhenghua , Yang Hai , Xu Weiming , Shen Bo , Zhu Rangteng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMaffucci syndrome is a rare, nonhereditary congenital mesodermal dysplasia characterized by multiple enchondromas and hemangiomas. It is associated with an increased risk of the development of malignant tumors. We present a case of 45-year-old man with Maffucci syndrome to supplement the clinical manifestations and explore the molecular mechanism of Maffucci syndrome.Case presentationThe patient was underwent amputation surgery to inhibit tumor development and diagnosed as Maffucci syndrome with 1-2 grade giant chondrosarcoma in the left ankle. In addition, the whole exon analysis by Next Generation Sequencing revealed isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 R132C mutation in chondrosarcoma lesions but not in blood DNA.ConclusionsThis case report presents the genetic evidence for the inclusion of chondrosarcoma among tumors characterizing Maffucci syndrome. Consequently, it is suggested that the patient with Maffucci syndrome should be followed up more actively to exclude neoplasms due to IDH1 R132C somatic mutation.
A Comparative Study of O and Hf Vacancies in Cubic Hfo2 From First-principles Study
Authors: Zhang Ning-Chao , Ye Xin , Liu Zheng-Tang , Jiang Cheng lu , Liu Qi-Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
First-principles study of cubic HfO2 with O and Hf vacancies was carried out with the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The crystal structure of cubic HfO2 with O and Hf vacancies was optimized. The band structure, electronic-state density, complex dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, complex conductivity function, loss function, absorption coefficient and optical reflectivity in pure, O vacancy and Hf vacancy cubic HfO2 were calculated. Compared to the pure cubic HfO2, we find that the O vacancy and Hf vacancy cubic HfO2 are some changes in electronic structure. The Fermi surface extends into the conduction band of the O vacancy cubic HfO2 and the Fermi surface extends into the valence band of the Hf vacancy cubic HfO2.