bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility of Perioperative Products for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Total Knee Arthroplasty and Lower Extremity Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salem Hytham S. , Sherman Alain E. , Chen Zhongming , Scuderi Giles R. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most prevalent and devastating complications following lower extremity total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Strategies to reduce the rates can be divided into preoperative, perioperatives, and postoperative measures. A multicenter trial is underway to evaluate the efficacy of implementing a bundled care program for SSI prevention in lower extremity TJA including: (1) nasal decolonization; (2) surgical skin antisepsis; (3) antimicrobial incise draping; (4) temperature management; and (5) negative-pressure wound therapy for selected high-risk patients. The purposes of this systematic review were to provide a background and then to summarize the available evidence pertaining to each of these SSI-reduction strategies with special emphasis on total knee arthroplasty. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. Five individual literature searches were performed to identify studies evaluating nasal decolonization temperature management, surgical skin antisepsis, antimicrobial incise draping, and negative-pressure wound therapy. The highest level of evidence reports was used in each product review, and if there were insufficient arthroplasty papers on the particular topic, then papers were further culled from the surgical specialties to form the basis for the review. There was sufficient literature to assess all of the various prophylactic and preventative techniques. All five products used in the bundled program were supported for use as prophylactic agents or for the direct reduction of SSIs in both level I and II studies. This systematic review showed that various pre-, intra-, and postoperative strategies are efficacious in decreasing the risks of SSIs following lower extremity TJA procedures. Thus, including them in the armamentarium for SSI-reduction strategies for hip and knee arthroplasty surgeons should decrease the incidence of infections. We expect that the combined use of these products in an upcoming study will support these findings and may further enhance the reduction of total knee arthroplasty SSIs in a synergistic manner.
Parents' Experiences Caring for a Child after a Critical Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Olson Lenora M. , Perry Grace N. , Yang Serena , Galyean Patrick O'Roke , Zickmund Susan L. , Sorenson Samuel , Pinto Neethi P. , Maddux Aline B. , Watson R. Scott , Fink Ericka L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives This article described parents' experience and identifies outcomes important to parents following their child's critical illness.
Methods Semistructured interviews with 22 female and 4 male parents representing 26 critically ill children with predominately neurologic and respiratory diagnoses. Most children were younger than 5 years at discharge with a median (interquartile range) of 2 (2.0–3.0) years from discharge to interview.
Results Many children returned home with life-altering physical and cognitive disabilities requiring months to years of rehabilitation. Parents remembered feeling unprepared and facing an intense, chaotic time when the child first returned home. They described how they suddenly had to center their daily activities around the child's needs amidst competing needs of siblings and partners, and in some cases, the medicalization of the home. They recounted negotiating adjustments almost daily with insurance agencies, medical doctors and therapists, employers, the child, and other family members to keep the family functioning. In the long term, families developed a new norm, choosing to focus on what the child could still do rather than what they could not. Even if the child returned to baseline, parents remembered the adjustments made to keep the child alive and the family functioning.
Conclusion Heightened awareness of family experiences after pediatric critical illness will allow health care providers to improve family preparedness for the transition from hospital to home.
Outcome and Risk Factors of Febrile Episodes Treated with Broad Spectrum Antibiotics and Polyclonal IgM–Enriched Immunoglobulin in Pediatric Oncology Hematology Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Abram Nicoletta , Baretta Valentina , Mercolini Federico , De Bortoli Massimiliano , Chinello Matteo , Balter Rita , Bonetti Elisa , Zaccaron Ada , Vitale Virginia , Caddeo Giulia , Mauro Margherita , Battisti Laura , Tridello Gloria , Cesaro Simone 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective Preparations with high-titer immunoglobulin-M (HT-IgM) have been used to treat neonatal and adult sepsis as adjuvant to antibiotics. Limited data are available of this use in pediatric oncohematological patients. We retrospectively assessed the characteristics and outcome of febrile episodes treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and HT-IgM.
Methods This study included febrile episodes diagnosed after chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treated with antibiotics and HT-IgM. Study period was from January 2011 to March 2019.
Results Seventy febrile episodes in 63 patients were eligible. In 40% of episodes (n = 28), blood cultures identified a causative organism: Gram-negative (n = 15), Gram-positive (n = 8), polybacterial (n = 4), fungi (n = 1). Twenty-six percent of Gram-negatives were extend spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producers. In 44% of episodes, a deep-organ localization was present, mostly pulmonary. Severe or profound neutropenia, hypotension, and hypoxemia were present in 89, 26, and 21% of episodes, respectively; 20% of episodes required intensive care and 20% of episodes required the use of inotropes. Overall, 90-day mortality was 13% and infection-attributable mortality resulted 8.6%. More than half of the patients received HT-IgM within 24 hours from fever onset. HT-IgM-related allergic reactions occurred in three episodes. Risk factors for 90-day mortality were as follows: hypotension and hypoxemia at fever presentation, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), use of inotropes, presence of deep-organ infection, and escalation of antibiotic therapy within 5 days.
Conclusion The combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics and HT-IgM was feasible, tolerated, and promising, being associated with a limited infectious mortality. Further prospective controlled studies are needed to assess the efficacy of this combination over a standard antibiotic approach.
Single photon generation from AlGaN exciton localization centers exhibiting narrow spectral linewidths
Authors: Arita Munetaka , Iki Taichi , Holmes Mark J. , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2021

We report the discovery and characterization of single-photon-emitting carrier localization centers that are spontaneously formed along misfit dislocations in AlGaN. The emitters exhibit extremely narrow linewidths, which are in some cases narrower than our resolution limit of 35 µeV. Spectral analysis reveals a record-low inhomogeneous broadening (smaller than 20 µeV), which can be characterized as almost spectral-diffusion free. Such narrow linewidths allow for an unprecedented discussion of the homogeneous linewidths of quantum emitters in the III-nitrides and, in the current case, provide a lower bound on the pure-dephasing time T2 of ∼200 ps. These experimental results will pave the way to further improve the performance of III-nitride low-dimensional nanostructure-based quantum emitters.
A higher-multipole gravitational waveform model for an eccentric binary black holes based on the effective-one-body-numerical-relativity formalism
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Cao Zhoujian , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We have previously constructed a waveform model,

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, for spinning binary black hole (BBH) moving along eccentric orbit based on effective-one-body (EOB) formalism. In the current paper, we update

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waveform model in the following three respects. Firstly, we update the EOB dynamics from

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to

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. Secondly we properly treat the Schott term which has been ignored in previous

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. Thirdly, we construct a new factorized waveform including (l, |m|) = (2, 2), (2, 1), (3, 3), (4, 4) modes based on EOB formalism, which is valid for spinning BBHs in general equatorial orbit. Following our previous

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waveform model, we call our new waveform model

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. The (l, |m|) = (2, 2) mode waveform of

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can fit the original

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waveform very well in the case of a quasi-circular orbit. We have validated

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waveform model through comparing the waveform against the Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) catalog. The comparison is done for BBH with total mass in (20, 200)M
⊙ using Advanced LIGO designed sensitivity. For the quasi-circular cases we have compared our (2, 2) mode waveforms to the 281 numerical relativity (NR) simulations of BBH along quasi-circular orbits. All of the matching factors are bigger than 98%. For the elliptical cases, 24 NR simulations of BBH along an elliptic orbit are used. For each elliptical BBH system, we compare our modeled gravitational polarizations against the NR results for different combinations of the inclination angle, the initial orbit phase and the source localization in the sky. We use the minimal matching factor respect to the inclination angle, the initial orbit phase and the source localization to quantify the performance of the higher modes waveform. We found that after introducing the higher modes, the minimum of the minimal matching factor among the 24 tested elliptical BBHs increases from 90% to 98%. Our

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waveform model can match all tested 305 SXS waveforms better than 98% including highly spinning (χ = 0.99) BBH, highly eccentric (e ≈ 0.6 at reference frequency Mf
0 = 0.002) BBH and large mass ratio (q = 10) BBH.
Degradation of benzene, toluene, and xylene with high gaseous hourly space velocity by double dielectric barrier discharge combined with Mn3O4/activated carbon fibers
Authors: Liu Xin , Liu Jianqi , Chen Jiayao , Zhong Fangchuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel strategy for the degradation of high gaseous hourly space velocity benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) by double dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) coupled with Mn3O4/ activated carbon fiber (ACF) catalysts was proposed in this work. A series of Mn3O4/ACF catalysts were synthesized using the hydrothermal method and characterized. The results showed that all the prepared catalysts could improve the degradation of BTX in the DDBD system and inhibit the production of ozone. Among the catalysts with different Mn loading, the 5.6%Mn3O4/ACF, with the highest Mn(+3) content (43.2%) and the highest absorbed oxygen content (38.5%), presented the best catalytic performance. In the 5.6% Mn3O4/ACF + DDBD system, the degradation efficiency of benzene, toluene and xylene could reach 49.9%, 79.7% and 97.1%, respectively, with a specific input energy of 400 J l−1. The carbon balance and CO2 selectivity, meanwhile, were 83.3% and 51.1%, respectively. It seemed that Mn(+3) and absorbed oxygen content could be a reference for the catalytic performance of Mn3O4/ACF catalysts. The higher the Mn (III) and absorbed oxygen, the better the catalytic performance of the Mn3O4/ACF catalysts. The organic by-products were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a possible reaction mechanism of BTX in the DDBD reactor and catalyst surface was proposed based on the composition of organic by-products.
Multi-temperature generalized Zhdanov closure for scrape-off layer/edge applications
Authors: Raghunathan M , Marandet Y , Bufferand H , Ciraolo G , Ghendrih Ph , Tamain P , Serre E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The derivation of the multi-temperature generalized Zhdanov closure is provided, starting from the most general form of the left-hand side of the moment-averaged kinetic equation with the Sonine–Hermite polynomial ansatz for an arbitrary number of moments. The process of arriving at the reduced higher-order moment equations, with its assumptions and approximations, is explicitly outlined. The generalized multi-species multi-temperature coefficients from our previous article are used to compute values of higher-order moments such as heat flux in terms of the lower-order moments. Transport coefficients and the friction and thermal forces for magnetic confinement fusion relevant cases with the generalized coefficients are compared to the scheme with the single-temperature coefficients previously provided by Zhdanov et al. It is found that the 21 N-moment multi-temperature coefficients are adequate for most cases relevant to fusion. Furthermore, the 21 N-moment scheme is also tested against the trace approximation to determine the range of validity of the trace approximation with respect to fusion-relevant plasmas. Possible refinements to the closure scheme are also illustrated to account for quantities which might be significant in certain schemes, such as the drift approximation.
Plasma and electrical characteristics depending on an antenna position in an inductively coupled plasma with a passive resonant antenna
Authors: Kim Ju Ho , Chung Chin-Wook 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We investigated the plasma and electrical characteristics depending on the antenna position in an inductively coupled plasma with a passive resonant antenna. When the powered antenna and passive resonant antenna are installed near the top plate and in the middle of the cylindrical reactor (setup A), respectively, the ion density at the resonance is about 2.4 times to 9 times higher than that at non-resonance. This is explained by the reduction in power loss in the powered antenna (including the matching circuits) and the increase in power absorbed by the plasma discharge. However, when the powered antenna and passive resonant antenna are interchanged (setup B), the ion density at the resonance is not significantly different from that at the non-resonance. When RF power is changed from 50 to 200 W, the ion density at the resonance of setup B is 1.6 times to 5.4 times higher than at the non-resonance of setup A. To analyse this difference, the profile of the z-axis ion density is measured and the electric and magnetic field simulations are investigated. The results are discussed along with the electron kinetics effect and the coupling loss between the antenna and the metal plate.
Characterizing the transduction behavior of ionic polymer-metal composite actuators and sensors via dimensional analysis
Authors: Olsen Zakai J , Kim Kwang J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are functional smart materials that exhibit both electromechanical and mechanoelectrical transduction properties, and the physical phenomenon underlying the transduction mechanisms have been studied across the literature extensively. Here we use a new modeling framework to conduct the most comprehensive dimensional analysis of IPMC transduction phenomena, characterizing the IPMC actuator displacement, actuator blocking force, short-circuit sensing current, and open-circuit sensing voltage under static and dynamic loading. The information obtained in this analysis is used to construct nonlinear regression models for the transduction response as univariant and multivariant functions. Automatic differentiation techniques are leveraged to linearize the nonlinear regression models in the vicinity of a typical IPMC description and derive the sensitivity of the transduction response with respect to the driving independent variables. Further, the multiphysics model is validated using experimental data collected for the dynamic IPMC actuator and voltage sensor. With data collected from physical samples of IPMC materials in-lab, the regression models developed under the new computational framework are verified.
Enhancement of high temperature thermoelectric performance of cobaltite based materials for automotive exhaust thermoelectric generators
Authors: Bayata Fatma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) generators can directly convert exhaust waste heat into electricity in vehicles. However, the low conversion efficiency of TE generators is the main obstacle to their commercialization in automotive. Their efficiency mainly depends on the performance of the used materials which is quantified by the figure of merit (ZT value). In the present study, single- and co-doped calcium cobaltites (CCO) with rare-earth (Tb) and transition metals (Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr) were produced using sol–gel technique in order to improve their high temperature TE properties for heat recovery in exhaust manifold applications. By the combined effect of doping approach and the production technique used in this study, a remarkable decrease in the grain size of CCO was obtained, and thus its thermal conductivity dramatically decreased. Besides, thermopower values were improved significantly. The reduction in thermal conductivity and the increase in thermopower led to an enhancement in ZT value of CCO ceramics. Among all the co-doped samples, Tb–Cu co-doped CCO displayed the maximum ZT value of 0.116 at 873 K which is 2.5 times larger than that of pure CCO. The high thermal stability and the enhanced TE performance make Tb–Cu co-doped CCO material a potential candidate for heat recovery in automotive exhaust TE generators.
Efficient light harvesting and photon sensing via engineered cooperative effects
Authors: Mattiotti Francesco , Sarovar Mohan , Giusteri Giulio G , Borgonovi Fausto , Celardo G Luca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Efficient devices for light harvesting and photon sensing are fundamental building blocks of basic energy science and many essential technologies. Recent efforts have turned to biomimicry to design the next generation of light-capturing devices, partially fueled by an appreciation of the fantastic efficiency of the initial stages of natural photosynthetic systems at capturing photons. In such systems extended excitonic states are thought to play a fundamental functional role, inducing cooperative coherent effects, such as superabsorption of light and supertransfer of photoexcitations. Inspired by this observation, we design an artificial light-harvesting and photodetection device that maximally harnesses cooperative effects to enhance efficiency. The design relies on separating absorption and transfer processes (energetically and spatially) in order to overcome the fundamental obstacle to exploiting cooperative effects to enhance light capture: the enhanced emission processes that accompany superabsorption. This engineered separation of processes greatly improves the efficiency and the scalability of the system.
Demixing in the plasma created in capillary discharges with polymeric wall
Authors: Pashchina A S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The results of spectral diagnostics of erosion plasma obtained in a pulsed discharge in a capillary with an evaporating wall made of hydrogen-carbon and fluorine-carbon polymers - polymethylmethacrylate and polytetrafluoroethylene - are presented. It was found that in both cases the distribution of chemical elements along the discharge radius is highly inhomogeneous, and their concentration ratio differs significantly from that in the capillary wall. The mass of particles is a common sign characterizing the demixing degree of chemical elements and direction of diffusion flows in fluorine-carbon and hydrogen-carbon plasmas. In both cases, lightweight particles are concentrated in the central high-temperature region, while heavy ones run away onto the low-temperature peripheral region of the discharge. Estimates show that the thermal diffusion mechanism is quite capable for providing the observed demixing degree of chemical elements. Favorable conditions for thermal diffusion processes are formed in the layer adjacent to the capillary wall, where the intense dissociation of radicals occurs, and the temperature gradient reaches up to ΔT∼10 eV/mm.
Intensification of mixing of fuel with supersonic air flow when injection and electric discharge are combined
Authors: Firsov A A , Efimov A V , Kolosov N S , Moralev I A , Leonov S B 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of experimental investigations of DC discharge influence on mixing intensification of transvers injected gas jet into supersonic aiflow. The air was used as injected gas to prevent the influence of chemical reactions on measurements. The data obtained during discharge includes current and voltage acquisition, registration of pressure pulsations in the jet downstream of discharge operation accompanied by correlation and Fourier analysis allowed to conclude that discharge significantly increase the pressure pulsations in a wide frequency range of 1000 Hz to 50kHz. Increase of the oscillations near the jet boundary is assumed to be related to kinematic mixing intensification of the injected gas with the oncoming flow.
Extrusion of a nanosecond surface discharge plasma near a dielectric ledge
Authors: Znamenskaya I , Tatarenkova D , Mursenkova I , Kuli-Zade T , Karnozova E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The presence of a dielectric ledge along the pulse discharge propagation led to a redistribution of the pulsed surface (plasma sheets) discharge glow. Discharge glow on the surface without the ledge, was uniform and lasted no more than 200 ns. Two plasma channels with increased glow intensity were observed near the rectangular ledge placed in the discharge area. The duration of these longitudinal plasma channels increased and lasted for about 0.9 μs (at a voltage of 25 kV and a density of 0.03 – 0.18 kg/m3
). A nine-frame nanosecond camera recorded the evolution of the plasma glow. The dynamics of the flow induced by the pulse surface discharge was recorded using a high-speed shadow imaging during 40-50 μs after the ignition of the discharge.
CFD simulation of DC-discharge in airflow
Authors: Tarasov D A , Firsov A A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is to simulate a dynamics of DC discharge in a subsonic airflow. The calculations were performed in the FlowVision 3.12.01 software package. The single-fluid model (MHD approach) of equilibrium plasma was used while the initial discharge channel was set manually. Cylindrical coaxially arranged electrodes were located in the central part of the calculation area, in the core of the airflow. A 5A DC discharge at atmospheric pressure was considered, as well as a simple model of a re-breakdown between parts of discharge filament. In this work, three-dimensional distributions of temperature and current density were obtained during an evolution of discharge in a flow. Discharge channel extension by the airflow and partial channel decay after the re-breakdown process were shown.
Combustion in a supersonic flow using a pylon equipped with a plasma actuator
Authors: Firsov A A , Kolosov N S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Plasma-assisted combustion approach is well known for organizing stable ignition and flame holding in supersonic flows in model scramjet combustion chambers. In this work, a new geometry of pylon equipped by electrodes relative to developed earlier was proposed and experimentally investigated. Stable ignition and flame holding were obtained over a wide range of fuel flow rate and discharge currents. Reducing of the energy input in comparison with the previously considered configurations was also demonstrated.