bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fishing in the Dark: Science, Values and Deep Water Fisheries Research
Authors:   , Cawthorn Isabella 
Published: November 2021

<p>This research sought to assesss the safeguards protecting scientific objectivity in New Zealand deep-water fisheries science decision-making fora. Managing depleted, slow-growing and poorly-understood stocks demands particularly accurate, objective scientific information. New Zealand's Ministry of Fisheries undertakes deep-water fisheries management in an nformation-poor, high-stakes context. This context means neither of the two strictly separate policy and scientific advice processes is able, in isolation, to provide advice confidently. Preliminary investigations suggested that to enable the Ministry to meet the ongoing need for management of deep-water fishing, science fora are effectively taking on a quasi-policy role. This research investigated whether deep-water fisheries science processes have sufficient safeguards to protect the objectivity of scientific decision-making in this difficult climate, thereby ensuring maximum accuracy in their advice. Twentytwo personal interviews were conducted with key informants, and analysed using grounded theory. Themes thus revealed were analysed in light of concepts from economics, philosophy of science and institutional analysis literature. Research suggested that the scientific process is ill-suited for handling non-scientific judgements, and the spread of non-scientific considerations into scientific fora is risking the objectivity of scientific analysis which is critical for fisheries management. Imbalanced stakeholder representation in scientific fora further imperils objectivity in these fora, with potentially significant implications for sustainable fisheries management.</p>
Distribution and Demographics of Fuchsia Excorticata, Nelson Lakes National Park
Authors:   , Bartholomew Edward Rex Lancelot 
Published: November 2021

<p>The small tree Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) is found on disturbed riparian sites throughout New Zealand. Spatial distribution and demographic changes in populations of F. excorticata were surveyed in the Rotoiti Nature Recovery Project (RNRP) area, and an associated non-treatment reference area, Nelson Lakes National Park, over the period 2005 to 2007. The RNRP is an intensively managed "mainland island" project in mixed beech (Nothofagus) forest, pest animal species especially possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), rodents, and mustelids are controlled. The aim of this study was to survey the condition of F. excorticata in the managed and reference areas to determine if any differences could be detected between the populations over time. The only significant (p<0.05) difference between the two areas was in sapling abundance, which was higher in the RNRP management area. This was tentatively attributed to pest management; however the concurrence of complex environmental influences, and a lack of management replication, prevented a simple interpretation of the data. There was no significant difference in recruitment, growth, mortality, and tree or seedling abundance between the managed and reference areas. Growth rate, especially of saplings, was significantly greater at lower elevations in the RNRP managed area, however the inverse held for the reference area. Mammalian herbivory was light; the main affect being to restrict seedling growth through hedging. Periodic heavy flooding was responsible for much of the mortality, however many newly disturbed sites were rapidly populated with fuchsia seedlings. The need for rigour in establishing ecologically comparable reference sites for comparative studies was evident. There were inherent difficulties in establishing causal relationships between ecological changes and management practices where management was not replicated geographically.</p>
Cretaceous and Cenozoic Basin Evolution Based on Decompacted Sediment Thickness from Petroleum Wells around New Zealand
Authors:   , Christie Louise Jane 
Published: November 2021

<p>Decompacted sedimentary data from 33 New Zealand exploration wells is used to investigate basin evolution and tectonics from around New Zealand. This analysis is directed to both a comparison of basin behaviour and a search for common subsidence signatures. Common to almost all New Zealand basin subsidence curves is a sedimentary signature associated with rifting of the Gondwana super-continent (80-65 Ma). In the Great South Basin a second rifting event is inferred at 51 [plus or minus] 2 Ma, illustrated by a rapid increase in subsidence rates (with a maximum rate of 190 m.Myr-1 at Pakaha-1). Coinciding with the cessation of Tasman Sea rifting ([approximately] 53 Ma), and with the onset of rifting in the Emerald Basin ([approximately] 50 Ma), it is assumed that the event is related to the tectonic plate reorganization. An increase in sedimentation is noted at [approximately] 20 Ma in most South Island wells. Convergence on the Alpine Fault, leading to increased erosion is cited as a mechanism for this period of basin growth, consistent with the Cande and Stock (2004) model of plate motions. A second increase in sedimentation occurs at [approximately] 6 Ma in almost all wells around New Zealand. Climate-driven erosion resulting in isostatic uplift is thought to contribute to this event. Hiatuses in the sedimentary record for the Canterbury, Great South and Western Southland Basins during the late Oligocene are interpreted as the Marshall Paraconformity. It appears that the break in sedimentation located within a regional transgressional mega-sequence was caused by mid Oligocene glacio-eustatic fall and related oceanic current processes. Loading by the Northland Allochthon, in conjunction with paleobathymetry and subsidence data, is used to demonstrate the mechanical properties of the lithosphere. A lithospheric rigidity of 1.5 x [10 to the power of 22] Nm is estimated, with an elastic thickness of 12 km. Considerably lower than elastic thickness values previously calculated for the Plio-Pleistocene loading of the Taranaki Platform. It is noted that the Northland value represents a younger, hotter crust at the time of load emplacment. With the exception of the central Taranaki and Great South Basins, stretching factors ([Beta]) for the sedimentary basins surrounding New Zealand are below 2. This suggests crustal thickness prior to rifting was between 35 and 50 km, consistent with data from conjugate margins of Australia and Antarctica. An increase in water depth in the Taranaki Basin at 25 [plus or minus] 3 Ma is confirmed by this study. This coincides with a similar signature on the West Coast of the South Island at 26 [plus or minus] 2 Ma. It is suggested that a mantle flow caused by the initiation of the subduction zone at [approximately] 25 Ma extends over a broader region (>750 km) than previously thought.</p>
Recognising Scientific Entrepreneurship in New Zealand
Authors:   , Menzies Malcolm Bruce 
Published: November 2021

<p>To increase wealth and well-being, New Zealand needs to both increase the productivity of its traditional economic base and grow new economic sectors in a competitive global marketplace. Innovation underpins both of these objectives and the combination of Research, Science and Technology (RS&T) and entrepreneurship has the potential to make a particularly potent contribution since it can create new, knowledge-based sectors with sustainable competitive advantage. However, a review of the literature and documentary analysis of aspects of the New Zealand RS&T system shows that commercialisation tends to be based on mental models which conceptualise RS&T and entrepreneurship as separate realms and are more appropriate for existing economic sectors than for new ones. The origins of these existing mental models are explained and they are critiqued from a human capital perspective. A subset of human capital theory is used to derive an alternative, competency-based model of scientific entrepreneurship. The competency-based model is included in a methodological framework for interviewing key respondents engaged in the commercialisation of products and services arising from scientific research. Using a grounded theory approach to analysis, an expanded metacompetency model of scientific entrepreneurship is developed and it is argued that adoption of this model will better enable recognition of scientific entrepreneurship, leading to its increased incidence and consequently higher levels of innovation in the New Zealand economy. The implications of these findings for national innovation policy and the management of RS&T are discussed. Conclusions are also drawn on the efficacy of the methodology used, both for the purposes of the current research and for other public policy questions. Finally, suggestions are made as to further avenues of research indicated by the findings.</p>
Cascade Approaches Towards the Synthesis of Daphnioldhanin A Alkaloid
Authors:   , Khan Ashna Ashneen 
Published: November 2021

<p>Daphnioldhanin A 1.6 is a recent alkaloid obtained from Daphyniphyllum plants. The core structure as shown consists of a 5,5,7 tricyclic ring system, which is a challenging ring system and to date has not been reported in any other natural product. This project focussed on using two cascade approaches in forming this ring system, namely radical addition and cyclisation cascade and carbene cycloaddition cyclisation cascade CCCC. Using the radical approach would require a 5-endo trig cyclisation, which is disfavoured by Baldwin's rules, but has been reported in systems which have an hetereoatom (carbonyl, nitrogen or sulfur) incorporated in the ring. In our case, the 5-endo trig cyclisation is needed in an all carbon containing ring, and preliminary modelling studies have shown that the energy for the 4-exo trig cyclisation product is higher than that of the 5-endo trig cyclisation product. Therefore, the radical approach if successful will eventuate in a novel 5-endo trig cyclisation in an all carbon system. However, due to stability issues with the radical precursors this method had to be abandoned and attention focused on the CCCC approach. For the CCCC approach, rhodium catalysed cascade cyclisation is intended on diazo compound 1.22. The presence of the intramolecular double bond enhances the second cyclisation to occur which will form the 5 and 7-membered ring simultaneously along with oxo-bridge resulting in the functionalised pentacyclic ring system which would be very similar to the proposed 5,5,7 core of Daphnioldhanin A. The desired diazo compound could not synthesised due to failure in forming the anhydride for the acid and future work would be focussed on forming acid derivatives in order to form the diazo compound 1.22 before using rhodium catalysed cyclisation to form the functionalised pentacyclic compound.</p>
A Contextual Model for Planning Continuing Education Programmes for University Library Practitioners in Vietnam
Authors:   , Nguyen Hong Sinh 
Published: November 2021

<p>Continuing education (CE) for library and information management (LIM) practitioners is an ongoing issue in the profession. In particular, due to the current significant changes in library and information services in the Vietnamese context, especially in university libraries, CE is a priority for enhancing the ability of practitioners and upgrading the capability of libraries to meet the demands of higher education as well as to meet the demands of socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of this study is to provide a contextual model for CE that will assist providers and university libraries in designing and implementing more effective learning programmes for the practitioners. The study focuses on determining the factors affecting CE, and on identifying and prioritising key learning needs among university library practitioners in Vietnam. The study employed a preliminary model for CE based on the literature and developed specifically for the Vietnamese context as a framework to gather data. Ten individual interviews with university library managers, and 17 focus group interviews with operational staff were conducted. In addition, related documentary evidence from participating university libraries, relevant ministries and the central government were gathered and examined. Based on the obtained data the model was assessed and revised, and the learning needs for Vietnamese university library practitioners were identified and prioritised. The study found five main factors significantly affect CE: social factors, professional factors, organisational factors, individual factors, and the nexus between the individual practitioner's and his or her organisation's needs. These factors also particularly affect triage, the process of identifying and prioritising learning needs for university library practitioners. In regard to learning needs, in this study specific areas of professional knowledge and skills are identified as the first priority and generic skills as the second priority for library operational staff while management knowledge and skills are identified as the first priority and professional knowledge and skills as the second priority for library managers. These findings are useful for (1) government and professional organisations, university libraries and library managers in establishing relevant policies and activities to facilitate the CE of library practitioners, (2) CE providers in designing and implementing effective CE programmes, (3) practitioners in enhancing their learning pursuits.</p>
Design and Construction Features that Cause New Houses in New Zealand to Overheat
Authors:   , French Lisa 
Published: November 2021

<p>Analysis of indoor temperature measurements taken in 397 randomly selected houses has revealed that New Zealand houses are becoming warmer in summer. Houses built at the end of the 20th century are during the daytime (9 am to 5 pm), on average, 2.5 degrees C warmer during summer months (December to February) than houses built at the start. For example, in houses built during the 1990s, temperatures above 25 degrees C are found 40% of the time during the summer early evening (4 pm to 6 pm) - temperatures that could be considered as uncomfortably warm in a temperate climate. Since 2006 there has been a rapid uptake of heat pumps in New Zealand, and a survey provides evidence of a growing number of households actively cooling, when traditionally very little cooling has been done. The ability for occupants to cool during the warm summer early evening has the potential to create an additional peak load on the electricity network. The trend towards increasing indoor summer temperatures could be due to a range of features, including house design, construction and operation. These have been explored through analysis of the temperature data and thermal modelling using SUNREL with validated models of five houses. Although the monitored sample was sizable, the variation in occupant behaviour means it was not possible to explore all potential drivers or eliminate other influences. The use of thermal modelling permitted parametric investigation of the role of different features to be explored. The analysis of monitoring data and the thermal modelling showed that the main causes of increasing temperatures are: increasing glazing area; lower ventilation rates; reduction of external shading through reduced eave size; and to a lesser extent increased levels of thermal insulation. These findings have been used to provide guidance for new house designers as well as suggestions for modifications of existing houses.</p>
Negotiating the Political Ecology of Aboriginal Resource Management: How Mi'kmaq Manage Their Moose and Lobster Harvest in Unama'ki, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors:   , Huber Bernard 
Published: November 2021

<p>Since the Supreme Court of Canada affirmed the fishing and hunting rights of the Mi'kmaq nation in 1985 and 1990, the government has failed to accommodate these in appropriate and effective resource management frameworks. In Unama'ki/Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, the subsistence harvest of lobster and moose by Mi'kmaq has therefore caused cross-cultural conflict and ecological concerns. Since 2006, the Lobster Management Plan (Unama'kik Jakejue'ka'timk) and the Moose Management Plan are being developed under Mi'kmaq leadership to manage the Mi'kmaq harvest communally. These innovative management initiatives will serve as case studies for this thesis to explore how Mi'kmaq negotiate the political ecology of co-management in Nova Scotia and effectively assert Mi'kmaq rights to resource harvest and selfgovernance. Most notably, the management plans employ cultural principles of sustainability and pro-active approaches to cross-cultural communication. This research shows how Mi'kmaq communities have developed resource management capacities and frameworks that can also inspire the self-government aspirations of other aboriginal nations in Canada. Mi'kmaq strategies and experience suggests that aboriginal leadership and cultural principles are integral to the meaningful implementation of aboriginal resource rights. Semi-structured interviews with Mi'kmaq and governmental resource managers illustrated diverse discourses of aboriginal resource rights, ecological knowledge and sustainability. Aiming to represent research insights appropriately, this thesis follows the decolonization agenda of aboriginal methodologies and features reflective discussions of the author's positionality within the Mi'kmaq research community. This also allows for a review of how the author came to terms with conflicting discourses and aboriginal ontologies of ecological knowledge, as well as the requirements for decolonizing research. Supporting reflective insights, a framework of anthropological political ecology and poststructuralist arguments for ontological diversity explain the validity of aboriginal perspectives on ecological knowledge and resource rights, which is the premise of decolonization paradigms. A review of engaging with aboriginal culture both in theory and practice concludes that the practical experience is essential for an appreciation of aboriginal perspectives and thus integral to cross-cultural communication and co-management relationships.</p>
Professional Culture Compatibility and Performance in International Joint Ventures: A Chinese Experience
Authors:   , Gan Xiangfu 
Published: November 2021

<p>This research was influenced by Sirmon & Lane's (2004) model of cultural differences and international alliance performance. Sirmon & Lane's model introduced the concept and importance of partners' professional culture compatibility in international alliances. However, to date, their model lacks empirical testing. This research therefore took the study further by empirically investigating the influence of professional culture compatibility between partners and international alliance performance by using a selected sample of Sino-Foreign joint ventures in China. The findings overall support Sirmon & Lane's (2004) model that (1) Partners from similar national cultures experience lesser differences in their professional cultures as opposed to partners from diverse cultures; and, (2) Professional culture differences between partners negatively influence the overall performance of international joint ventures. However, this research also argues that the relationships shown in Sirmon & Lane's (2004) model are not as straightforward as was previously proposed, and the findings suggest several additional factors that contribute to the relationship between partner professional culture compatibility and international alliance performance.</p>
Verifying Privacy Preserving Combinatorial Auctions
Authors:   , Palmer Ben 
Published: November 2021

<p>Suppose you are competing in an online sealed bid auction for some goods. How do you know the auction result can be trusted? The auction site could be performing actions that support its own commercial interests by blocking certain bidders or even reporting incorrect winning prices. This problem is magnified when the auctioneer is an unknown party and the auctions are for high value items. The incentive for the auctioneer to cheat can be high as they could stand to make a significant profit by inflating winning prices or by being paid by a certain bidder to announce them the winner. Verification of auction results provides confidence in the auction result by making it computationally infeasible for an auction participant to cheat and not get caught. This thesis examines the construction of verifiable privacy preserving combinatorial auction protocols. Two verifiable privacy preserving combinatorial auction protocols are produced by extending existing auction protocols.</p>
The Nursing Presence in General Practice: Revealing Dimensions of Day-to-day Experience of Practice Nurses in New Zealand
Authors:   , Fyers Katrina 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study makes visible and gives value to the day-to-day experience of practice nurses who work in New Zealand general practices. Nursing leaders internationally and locally have highlighted the importance of the Primary Health Care nurse to improving health outcomes, addressing inequalities and implementing new models of care. As one of the largest groups of Primary Health Care nurses, practice nurses have a significant part to play. There is however, no consensus and limited research related to the day-to-day experience of practice nurses. Therefore, the nature, extent, and contribution of nursing in general practice may be overlooked or misunderstood. Furthermore as an autonomous self-regulating profession, nursing has a responsibility to the public to provide understanding of nursing in the present and in the future, particularly when this relates to the care of families and the structure of health systems. Located within the qualitative research paradigm and utilising a narrative inquiry methodology, this study applies a 'supportive voice' to highlight the experience of five practice nurses, and in the process makes visible the dimensions of nursing work in New Zealand general practices. The five constructed narratives particularly draw attention to the complex nature of nursing work that practice nurses engage in daily, the importance of nurse-patient relationships and continuity of care and the significance of autonomous and specialty aspects of nursing practice. Ultimately, the value of the practice nurse in the day-to-day operation of general practice is brought to the fore.</p>
Iterative Approach on Redesigning and Construction of a Pipe Inspection Robot
Authors:   , Ristic Aleksandar 
Published: November 2021

<p>A pipe inspection robot is a device that is inserted into pipes to check for obstructions or damage. These robots are traditionally manufactured offshore, are extremely expensive, and are often not adequately supported in the event of malfunction. This had resulted in Associated Environmental Services Limited, a New Zealand utiliser of this equipment, facing significant periods of down-time as they wait for their robots to be repaired. Recently, they were informed that several of their robots were no longer supported. At their instigation, this project was conceived to redesign the electronics and control system of one of these pipe inspection robots, utilising the existing mechanical platform. Requirements for the robot were that it must operate reliably in confined, dark and wet environments, and provide a human user with a digital video feed of the internal status of the pipes. This robot should, as much as possible, incorporate off-the-shelf components, facilitating cheap, and potentially on-site repair. This project details the redesign and construction of such a robot. It employs three electronic boards integrated with the mechanical components and provides video feedback via a custom graphical user interface. Although at the prototype stage, the electronic redesign has been successful, with a cost of less than a tenth of the original robot purchase price.</p>