bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes of&nbsp;the&nbsp;thoracic ossification of ligamentum&nbsp;flavum: A retrospective analysis of&nbsp;61&nbsp;cases
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Shindo Shigeo , Yoshii Toshitaka , Ushio Shuta , Kusano Kazuo , Miyake Norihiko , Arai Yoshiyasu , Otani Kazuyuki , Okawa Atsushi , Nakai Osamu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (T-OLF), as one of the causes of thoracic myelopathy, is often combined with other spinal disorders. Concurrent lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LCS) is often obscured by symptoms due to T-OLF, leading to difficulty in identifying the origin of these neurological findings. It is common to be misdiagnosed or delayed diagnosis due to the complicated nature. We evaluated the prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of OLF, especially in patients with LCS. Methods: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of 61 patients who underwent thoracic surgeries performed for symptomatic T-OLF. In all the patients, whole spine lesions were evaluated preoperatively. We examined the factors related to poor outcomes (the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score for thoracic myelopathy is less than 40%) following OLF surgeries. We compared the clinical outcomes according to whether there was concurrent LCS, and determined the optimal surgical approach. Results: The occurrence of T-OLF increased with age. Forty-six cases (75.4%) were considered to be tandem T-OLF and LCS (LCS group). An advanced age, and concurrent LCS were associated with a poor outcome after the surgery. The LCS group significantly included a greater number of elderly, and more light-weighted patients with Modic change in thoracic spine and a greater sagittal vertical axis, resulting in the lower neurological recovery. Additional lumbar surgery (13cases) effectively improved both the T-JOA and L-JOA scores (from 6.5 ± 2.0 points to 8.0 ± 1.8 points, p=0.0406, and from 14.5 ± 4.7 points to 20.7 ± 2.6 points, p=0.001, respectively) in OLF patients with LCS. Conclusions: T-OLF was highly associated with other spinal disorders. Poor outcomes in T-OLF surgery could be associated with age and concurrent LCS, and an additional surgery for another lumbar lesion significantly improved neurological findings in T-OLF patients.
Tailored Liposomal Nanotraps for the Treatment of Streptococcal Infections
Authors: Besançon Hervé , Babiychuk Viktoriia , Larpin Yu , Köffel René , Schittny Dominik , Brockhus Lara , Hathaway Lucy J. , Sendi Parham , Draeger Annette , Babiychuk Eduard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Streptococcal infections are associated with life-threatening pneumonia and sepsis. The rise in antibiotic resistance calls for novel approaches to treat bacterial diseases. Anti-virulence strategies promote a natural way of pathogen clearance by eliminating the advantage provided to bacteria by their virulence factors. In contrast to antibiotics, anti-virulence agents are less likely to exert selective evolutionary pressure, which is a prerequisite for the development of drug resistance. As part of their virulence mechanism, many bacterial pathogens secrete cytolytic exotoxins (hemolysins) that destroy the host cell by destabilizing their plasma membrane. Liposomal nanotraps, mimicking plasmalemmal structures of host cells that are specifically targeted by bacterial toxins are being developed in order to neutralize - by competitive sequestration - numerous exotoxins. Results: In this study, the liposomal nanotrap technology is further developed to simultaneously neutralize the whole palette of cytolysins produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis - pathogens that can cause life-threatening streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. We show that the mixture of liposomes containing high amounts of cholesterol and liposomes composed exclusively of choline-containing phospholipids is fully protective against the combined action of exotoxins secreted by these pathogens. Conclusions: Unravelling the universal mechanisms that define targeting of host cells by streptococcal cytolysins paves the way for a broad-spectrum anti-toxin therapy that can be applied without a diagnostic delay for the treatment of bacterial infections including those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Maternal DHA supplementation influences sex-specific disruption of placental gene expression following early prenatal stress
Authors: Jašarević Eldin , Hecht Patrick M. , Fritsche Kevin L. , Geary David C. , Rivera Rocío M. , Beversdorf David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Early life adversity is widely recognized as a key risk factor for early developmental perturbations and contributes to the presentation of neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. Neurodevelopmental disorders exhibit a strong sex-bias in susceptibility, presentation, onset and severity, although the underlying mechanisms conferring vulnerability are not well understood. Environmental perturbations during pregnancy, such as malnutrition or stress, have been associated with sex-specific reprogramming that contribute to increased disease risk in adulthood, whereby stress and nutritional insufficiency may be additive and further exacerbate poor offspring outcomes. To determine whether maternal supplementation of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) exerts an effect on offspring outcome following exposure to early prenatal stress (EPS), dams were fed a purified 10:1 omega-6/omega-3 diet supplemented with either 1.0% preformed DHA/kg feed weight (DHA-enriched) or no additional DHA (denoted as the control diet, CTL). Dams were administered chronic variable stress during the first week of pregnancy (Embryonic day, E0.5 – 7.5) and developmental milestones were assessed at E 12.5. Exposure to early prenatal stress (EPS) decreased placenta and embryo weight in males, but not females, exposed to the CTL diet. DHA-enrichment reversed the sex-specific decrease in placenta and embryo weight following EPS. Early prenatal exposure upregulated expression of genes associated with oxygen and nutrient transport, including hypoxia inducible factor 3α (HIF3α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and insulin like growth binding factor 1 (IGFBP1), in placenta of CTL diet males exposed to EPS. DHA-enrichment in EPS-exposed animals abrogated the male-specific upregulation of PPARα, HIF3α, and IGFBP1. Taken together, these studies suggest that maternal dietary DHA enrichment may buffer against maternal stress programming of sex-specific outcomes during early development.
A New Task Offloading Algorithm in Edge Computing
Authors: Zhang Zhenjiang , Li Chen , Peng ShengLung , Pei Xintong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the last few years, the Internet of Things (IOT), as a new disruptive technology, has gradually changed the world. With the prosperous development of the mobile Internet and the rapid growth of the Internet of Things, various new applications continue to emerge, such as mobile payment, face recognition, wearable devices, driverless, VR/AR, etc. Although the computing power of mobile terminals is getting higher and the traditional cloud computing model has higher computing power, it is often accompanied by higher latency and cannot meet the needs of users. In order to reduce user delay to improve user experience, and at the same time reduce network load to a certain extent, edge computing, as an application of IOT, came into being. In view of the new architecture after dating edge computing, this paper focuses on the task offloading in edge computing, from task migration in multi-user scenarios and edge server resource management expansion, and proposes a multi-agent load balancing distribution based on deep reinforcement learning DTOMALB, a distributed task allocation algorithm, can perform a reasonable offload method for this scenario to improve user experience and balance resource utilization. Simulations show that the algorithm has a certain adaptability compared to the traditional algorithm in the scenario of multi-user single cell, and reduces the complexity of the algorithm compared to the centralized algorithm, and reduces the average response delay of the overall user. And balance the load of each edge computing server, improve the robustness and scalability of the system.
The Barriers and Facilitators of Iranian Men's Involvement in perinatal Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hajian Sepideh , Mehran Nahid , Simbar Masoumeh , Majd Hamid Alavi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are crucial events in women's lives that can be done well with the support of people around them, especially their husbands. However, a number of factors can reduce or increase the supportive role of spouses during this period. The aim of the present study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of Iranian men's involvement in perinatal care.Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative phenomenological study that sampling of respondents (pregnant women or the women who have recently given birth (one week to six months after childbirth), spouses, policy makers and midwifery service providers) was done through purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria included: being Iranian, the ability to understand and transfer the concepts into Persian, and employment in a midwifery center for at least one year (for service providers). Data were collected through in-depth interviews until the data saturation. The collected data were analyzed by conventional content analysis based on Graneheim and Lundman method steps. MAXQDA version 10 software was used to manage the data and Guba and Lincoln criteria were also used to ensure the trustworthiness of findings. Results: Men's involvement in perinatal care was found to be influenced by certain incentives, particular constraints and some gender authoritarian attitudes. There were 5, 4, and 3 subcategories in incentives, constraints, and gender attitudes respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that men face a dual mechanisms in participating in perinatal care, in which some of these factors can facilitate their participation and others can reduce it.
+lX EKİNİN İŞLEVLERİ VE BAZI SIFATLARDAKİ GENİŞLETİLMİŞ KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE
Authors: SARI İsa 
Published: January 2021

Türkçe, biçimbilgisel açıdan baskın eklemeli yapısı dolayısıyla, diğer dillere kıyasla tipolojik araştırmalara önemli veriler sağlamaktadır. İlk belgelerden itibaren işlekliğini sürdüren, hem yapım hem de çekim kategorisinde yer alan ve diğer dillere kopyalanan veya farklı dillerden Türkçeye alınan pek çok ek Türkçenin ek envanterinde kodlanmış durumdadır. Türkiye Türkçesinin ve bunun yanı sıra diğer Türkçe varyantların kapsamlı ek varlığı içerisinde son derece türetken ve işlek bir görünüm arz eden, ad soylu sözcüklere eklenerek çoğunlukla geçici sıfatlar oluşturmada kullanılan, bunun yanı sıra kalıcı adlar türeten eklerden biri de +lX'dır.
+lX eki, eklendiği kök veya gövdeyi farklı anlam ilgileri ve içerikleriyle çeşitlendirmektedir. Bu yönüyle, sözvarlığının genişlemesinde ve yeni kavramların karşılanmasında sık kullanılan ekler arasında bulunmaktadır. Zira sahip olma, ait olma, ilişkili olma, aidiyet bildirme, yer adları türetme gibi çeşitli anlamsal ilişkiler kuran bu ekle türetilmiş yüzlerce farklı sözcük Türkçenin gerek yazılı gerek zihinsel sözvarlığında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, literatürde daha çok adlarla bütünleşerek yeni sözcükler türettiği belirtilen +lX ekinin adların yanı sıra korkunç, komik, asil, süper gibi birtakım sıfatlara da getirilerek daha önce yeterince tanıklanmamış, anlamsal açıdan farklı bir görünüm sunan karmaşık sözcük yapılarını oluşturma durumuna değinilecek, bu yönüyle, ekin sıfatlardan sıfat türetme işlevinin giderek arttığına yönelik tespitler aktarılacaktır..
Flaps
Authors: Fernandes Justin R. , Guo Lifei 
Published: January 2021

Flaps are the basis for reconstructive surgery and allow the movement of tissue both locally and distantly, to cover wounds, restore form, and reestablish function. Some flap surgeries have been performed for thousands of years; a clear testament to their efficacy. For today’s plastic surgeon, the understanding of flap anatomy and physiology is an absolutely key. This chapter familiarizes the reader with the history and evolution of flap surgery as well as science behind them. We review the multiple classifications for various flap types. We begin with simple, random skin flaps and work up the reconstructive ladder to composite free flaps. Specific flaps will be discussed, including anatomy, operative techniques, and clinical applications. Finally, we examine various ways flaps may be modified to better meet complex reconstructive challenges.
This review contains 17 figures, 4 tables, 1 video, and 36 references.
Key words: Flap, random, pedicled, axial, free, microsurgery, skin, muscle, musculocutaneous, fasciocutaneous, perforator, fabrication, prefabrication, prelamination, supercharging, turbocharging
Kajian Ekonomi Rencana PLTMH di Desa Panji
Authors: Suatan Richard Antony , Giriantari Ida Ayu Dwi , Sukerayasa I Wayan 
Published: January 2021

Pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro (PLTMH) di Banjar Dinas Mekar Sari, telah dibangun oleh kelompok masyarakat secara swadaya pada tahun 1980. Dengan penggunaan teknologi yang tradisional mengakibatkan efisiensi PLTMH rendah, sehingga perlu dilakukan perencanaan ulang bagi PLTMH Banjar Dinas Mekar Sari agar dapat beroperasi lebih optimal. Salah satu faktor yang sangat penting dalam perencanaan yaitu faktor finansial/ekonomi. Faktor ini akan digunakan untuk menilai suatu perencanaan apakah layak dibangun atau tidak. Parameter yang digunakan dalam menentukan faktor ekonomi yaitu Net Present Value (NPV, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR), Life Cycle Cost (LCC), dan Break Even Point (BEP). Telah dilakukan analisis kelayakan ekonomi untuk perencanaan PLTMH Banjar Dinas Mekar Sari diperoleh, BCR sebesar 1,05 dan 0.79 serta nilai NPV sebesar Rp3.320.076.318 dan Rp2.520.526.334 bernilai positif, dan besarnya nilai IRR 13% dan 11% melebihi tingkat Expected Annual Rate of Return Indonesia yang sebesar 11,4%. Serta besarnya BEP unit yang harus dijual untuk mencapai titik cash flow bernilai Rp.0 sebesar 3.783.633.30 kWh, dan besarnya payback period pada proyek ini yaitu 5 tahun 3 bulan. Jadi dilihat dari parameter ekonomi yang ada maka perancangan PLTMH di Banjar Dinas Mekar Sari layak dari segi parameter ekonomi.
Evaluation of GeneXpert for Quantification Viral Load Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Jasirwan Chyntia Olivia Maurine , Hasan Irsan , Sulaiman Andri Sanityoso , Gani Rino Alvani 
Published: January 2021

Background: GeneXpert has been used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis testing, but is currently available for HCV RNA testing. GeneXpert assay is expected to be more accurate, efficient, and cost-effective for HCV viral load quantification. This study intended to evaluate the new method quantification of plasma HCV RNA by the GeneXpert in comparison to the Roche Cobas TaqMan 96 as standard diagnostic tools.Method: A total of 54 HCV-infected plasma samples with anti-HCV positive were examined by GeneXpert assay, followed with Cobas TaqMan 96 for quantification of HCV RNA. Correlation was performed by Pearson test (in log10) and diagnostic test by Chi-square test. Sensitivity and specificity of the GeneXpert assay measured by calculating 2x2 contingency table. Bland-Altman plot were generated to assess the mean difference between the two assays.Results: GeneXpert has strong correlation to the Roche Cobas TaqMan 96 (R=0.993; P value 0.001). GeneXpert has sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 90–100%) and specificity of 90% (95% CI: 54.1–99.5%). The Bland Altmand plot showed that one sampel has 1 log difference with the Roche Cobas TaqMan 96 measurement result.Conclusion: There was a strong correlation in the measurement of HCV RNA by GeneXpert and moreover its assay also has an excellent overall performance compared to Cobas TaqMan 96. Thus, it can be considered as a reliable tools for HCV virological response monitoring.
Ciało ludzkie – ciało ludu w przestrzeni nazistowskiej
Authors: Grzeszczuk‑Brendel Hanna 
Published: January 2021

During the Third Reich, the propaganda impact of architecture and space, cumulated in relation to the basic material provided by Volkskörper, ‘human architecture’. Not only were the bodies of an individual and a community the recipients of architecture or affected by its impact, but they also co-created it. The official Nazi assumptions interpreted in this light may allow, using the perspective of the peculiar features of the Third Reich architecture, to illustrate the relations between an individual and a group during the Nazi times. The analysis of the combination of the human body and resized space demonstrates that a symbolic immersion of an individual in Volksgemeinschaft does not only seem to annihilate him, but through that to incorporate him into the system of mindless obedience.
These issues will be discussed on the example of Poznań WW II projects, placed in the context of the selected model ones from Nuremberg and Weimar.
Reading Comprehension Abilities in the Anglophone Aging Population with Post-Secondary Education
Authors: Bérubé Dominique , Laurence Sophie 
Published: January 2021

Literacy skills such as reading comprehension are essential in order to understand written information and complete daily tasks. Low literacy skills are common in the aging population thus affecting quality of life, independence and social integration. Reading comprehension is a complex activity that requires processing at many different levels. According to Kintsch’s construction-integration model, three levels of representations of a text must be achieved in order to fully comprehend a text. Previous studies often considered the aging population as a single group and compared this group to young adults. However, few studies examined the variability in reading comprehension abilities within the aging population. Studies examining the variability in the construction of a situation model in older adults are even more scarce. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of age on reading comprehension abilities at the surface model, text-based model and situation model in the aging population with high education level.
Participants were recruited in northern Ontario and were grouped into three age intervals (60-69 years; 70-79 years; ≥ 80 years). Participants’ cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and health literacy was assessed using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (STOFHLA). Reading comprehension abilities were evaluated using the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests - third edition (WRMT-III) as well as the Gray Oral Reading Test – fifth edition (GORT5).
Results indicated no significant differences in performance of reading comprehension abilities among the three age groups at the surface level, text-based level, and situation model level of reading comprehension. These findings suggest no age-related effect on reading comprehension abilities in adults with high levels of education. The lack of differences observed may be explained by the absence of differences in cognitive functions between the three age groups as well as the high level of education which may have acted as a protective factor. Future studies should examine reading comprehension in Anglophone adults with lower levels of education to better understand whether education is a protective factor against a decline in reading comprehension abilities in the aging population.
STUDY TO EVALUATE THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF NURSES ABOUT BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION (BSE) TO SCREEN FOR BREAST CANCER, IN ELMAK NIMER UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Ahmed Suleman Elkamil , Ahmed Nashwa Fath Elrhaman , Adam Dawria 
Published: January 2021

The frequency of breast cancer makes it an important health issue. Breast screening is a form of secondary prevention aimed at reducing mortality from the disease, as early detection is essential to breast cancer survival. Nurses must play an active role in creating breast cancer awareness through education and empowerment. They therefore need to have a sound knowledge base and adequate practical skills in the field of breast cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the current knowledge, skills and awareness of breast self-examination, of nurses. This study was conducted to explore nurse’s BSE efficacy, BSE practice .The sample size was (60) nurses drawn from (160) total nurses of the hospital by using simple random sampling. Data were collected by administering self-report questionnaires. (86.3%) of nurses had performed the BSE practice.Nurses who performed BSE, most (91.1%) subjects perform BSE of in every month as was recommended by ACS, (2007). Nursing represents a significant professional resource that can help facilitate positive changes through health education strategies.
Programación neurolingüística como estrategia innovadora para la didáctica de la lengua y la literatura
Authors: Riera–Flores Michelle , Romo-Maroto Pablo 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación cuyo enfoque es cuali-cuantitativo. El propósito fue recolectar información y datos teóricos para entender y explicar cómo la Programación Neurolingüística (PNL) puede a través de los nuevos estudios de la Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura (DLL) contribuir en su desarrollo. Se pretende lograr que los maestros lleguen a vincularse con el mundo de los estudiantes. Las estrategias de la PNL han sido adaptadas a las clases de Lengua de una manera didáctica y se toma en cuenta el papel de las emociones en el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Los datos estadísticos obtenidos mediante una encuesta descriptiva ayudaron a conocer la forma en la que los maestros trabajan con los estudiantes y cómo ellos responden al modelo de aprendizaje aplicado. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que este modelo no responde a las necesidades actuales. La propuesta planteada brinda nuevas herramientas al docente para alcanzar un aprendizaje significativo tomando en cuenta las necesidades e intereses de los alumnos. Para esto el estudio se centra en las diferentes técnicas de la PNL, aplicables en el aula como: conocimiento de los sistemas representacionales que existen para sentir y conocer el mundo que nos rodea, cómo funcionan los niveles de pensamiento lógico y cómo afectan a la conducta, estrategias de rapport para sintonizar en grupo e incluso estrategias para mejorar la ortografía con la PNL.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Masyarakat Melalui Inovasi Pemanfaatan Labu Kuning Menjadi Makanan Kreatif Dan Sehat
Authors: Siswanto Pabidang  , Selasih PutriIsnawati Hadi  , Ade Elvina  , Dian Ekawati Putri  , Helen Puspa Sari  , Tri Iriyani  , Angela Lovindra Nainggalis  
Published: January 2021

Masyarakat Dusun Kopeng, Kecamatan Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman memiliki kekayaan alam berupa labu kuning (Cucurbita Moschata). Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kandungan gizi labu kuning dan cara pengolahan labu kuning untuk menjadi makanan yang kreatif dan sehat. Karena selama ini sumber daya alam labu kuning yang sangat banyak ditemukan di Dusun Kopeng dan belum maksimal untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai makanan yang kreatif dan bernilai gizi tinggi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Wawancara, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan Praktik. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan ibu-ibu yang masuk dalam kelompok tani yang bergabung di kelompok PKK sangat antusias untuk memahami kandungan gizi labu kuning yang banyak ditemukan di Dusun Kopeng ini dan sangat aktif mengikuti praktik mengolah makanan berbahan dasar labu kuning. Kegiatan ini telah sukses dilaksanakan berkat partisipasi aktif dari seluruh masyarakat.