bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between global distress, mentalizing and well-being in a German teacher sample
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans , Nolte Tobias , Fonagy Peter , Griem Julia , Kieschke Ulf , Gingelmaier Stephan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany studies have linked global distress including higher psychological symptom severity and high levels of stress with low levels of well-being among teachers, indicating a need to identify and empirically evaluate protective factors. Mentalizing—the capacity to understand behavior in terms of intentional mental states—may be a candidate protective factor to mediate this association, enhancing well-being in the face of high levels of global distress. The present study examines whether the capacity to mentalize can buffer subjectively experienced stress and psychological symptom severity in a sample of teachers. 215 teachers completed questionnaires measuring self-rated experiences of stress, psychological symptoms, mentalizing capacities and well-being in a cross-sectional design. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation effects. Our findings show that mentalizing was positively associated with well-being. In addition, mentalizing counteracted the negative influence of stress and psychological symptom severity. However, a structural equation model assessing the mediating effect of global distress on well-being via mentalizing was not significant. Therefore, the data indicate that teachers’ capacity to mentalize, regardless of psychological symptom load and subjective experience of stress, has a positive impact on their well-being. The study highlights the protective function of mentalizing and forms a framework for psychological interventions to increase teachers’ well-being.
A life less ordinary: analysis of the uniquely preserved tattooed dermal remains of an individual from 19th century France
Authors: Smith Martin J. , Starkie A. , Slater R. , Manley H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract‘Anthropologies of the Body’ often view the human form as a sort of text, onto which meanings and experiences are inscribed during people’s lives, rendering the body effectively as an artefact of material culture. Such ‘inscription’ is generally metaphorical; however, in the case of tattooing, aspects of the way people wish to be perceived are quite literally inscribed upon the body. The current article presents analysis of an unusual ‘artefact’ in the form of the major anterior portion of the preserved, tattooed skin of an adult male. The skin’s provenance was previously unknown, as was the reason why he had been subject to such treatment after death. The current project has progressed towards resolving these issues using multiple approaches, including CT scanning, multispectral light sources, infrared reflectography and spectroscopic dating. The latter technique produced a date range of 1861 ±15 years for the wood on which the skin was mounted. Multispectral and infrared light examination made it possible to discern many of the tattooed motifs much more clearly. The images and text that were made visible suggested this man had been French and had probably spent time overseas, possibly in naval service. Towards the end of his life, he may have been imprisoned and the date ‘1883’ was decipherable. The current analysis allowed the investigators to glean far more information than was initially expected, providing a considerably richer personal narrative of this individual through the content of his tattoos than is usually possible in biological anthropology.
An investigation into high-speed train interior noise with operational transfer path analysis method
Authors: Li Muxiao , Zhu Ziwei , Deng Tiesong , Sheng Xiaozhen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPassengers' demands for riding comfort have been getting higher and higher as the high-speed railway develops. Scientific methods to analyze the interior noise of the high-speed train are needed and the operational transfer path analysis (OTPA) method provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the noise control of the train and overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional method, which has high test efficiency and can be carried out during the working state of the targeted machine. The OTPA model is established from the aspects of "path reference point-target point" and "sound source reference point-target point". As for the mechanism of the noise transmission path, an assumption is made that the direct sound propagation is ignored, and the symmetric sound source and the symmetric path are merged. Using the operational test data and the OTPA method, combined with the results of spherical array sound source identification, the path contribution and sound source contribution of the interior noise are analyzed, respectively, from aspects of the total value and spectrum. The results show that the OTPA conforms to the calculation results of the spherical array sound source identification. At low speed, the contribution of the floor path and the contribution of the bogie sources are dominant. When the speed is greater than 300 km/h, the contribution of the roof path is dominant. Moreover, for the carriage with a pantograph, the lifted pantograph is an obvious source. The noise from the exterior sources of the train transfer into the interior mainly through the form of structural excitation, and the contribution of air excitation is non-significant. Certain analyses of train parts provide guides for the interior noise control.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of Large-Scale Nutrition Interventions in Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ezezika Obidimma , Gong Jenny , Abdirahman Hajara , Sellen Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effective implementation of large-scale nutrition interventions in Africa is an ongoing challenge. This scoping review identifies and explores the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of large-scale nutrition interventions in the African region. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ERIC, and Web of Science using search terms focused specifically on barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nutrition interventions in Africa. To supplement the database search, reference lists in publications included for full-text review were also examined to identify eligible articles for inclusion. Eligible studies underwent quality assessment, and a directed content analysis approach to data extraction was conducted and aligned to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to facilitate narrative synthesis. The search identified 1452 citations and following removal of duplicates and our inclusion/exclusion criteria, 34 papers were eligible for inclusion. More than half of included studies (n = 19) reflect research conducted in East Africa. Overarching thematic areas spanning the barriers and facilitators that were identified included policy and legislation; leadership management; resources mobilization; and cultural context and adaptability. Key activities that facilitate the development of successful implementation include (1) more supportive policy and legislation to improve government competency, (2) effective leadership, strategic partnership, and coordination across multiple sectors, (3) more effective resource mobilization, and (4) adequate adaptation of the intervention so that it is culturally relevant, tailored to local needs and aligned to research data. The barriers and facilitators identified under the CFIR domains can be used to build knowledge on how to adapt large-scale nutrition interventions to national and local settings.Registration Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/6m8fy).
Factors Impacting Reproductive Success and Asset Value of Beef Breeding Females in Mississippi Auctions
Authors: Marshall Tori L. , Coatney Kalyn T. , Parish Jane A. , Little Randall D. , Maples Josh G. , Williams Brian R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA breeding female’s perceived value is a complicated process and depends on a combination of expected production costs, reproductive success, and calf values. A conceptual asset value model based on female characteristics as signals and net implicit marginal value expectations is developed. A hedonic model based on sequentially sold individuals at multiple Mississippi auction locations is estimated by panel regression. Among other findings, pregnant females are discounted in proportion to abortion risk, which decreases toward birth. A follow-up cost/benefit analysis indicates producers are better off from at home pregnancy checking and selling only nonpregnant females or cow/calf pairs.
Sampling methods and estimation of triangle count distributions in large networks
Authors: Antunes Nelson , Guo Tianjian , Pipiras Vladas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the distributions of triangle counts per vertex and edge, as a means for network description, analysis, model building, and other tasks. The main interest is in estimating these distributions through sampling, especially for large networks. A novel sampling method tailored for the estimation analysis is proposed, with three sampling designs motivated by several network access scenarios. An estimation method based on inversion and an asymptotic method are developed to recover the entire distribution. A single method to estimate the distribution using multiple samples is also considered. Algorithms are presented to sample the network under the various access scenarios. Finally, the estimation methods on synthetic and real-world networks are evaluated in a data study.
Natural variation in host-finding behaviour of gastropod parasitic nematodes (Phasmarhabditisspp.) exposed to host-associated cues
Authors: Cutler J. , Rae R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe gastropod parasitic nematodePhasmarhabditis hermaphroditahas been formulated into a successful biological control agent (Nemaslug®, strain DMG0001) used to kill slugs on farms and gardens. When applied to soil,P. hermaphroditauses slug mucus and faeces to find potential hosts. However, there is little information on what cues other species ofPhasmarhabditis(P. neopapillosaandP. californica) use to find hosts and whether there is natural variation in their ability to chemotax to host cues. Therefore, using chemotaxis assays, we exposed nine wild isolates ofP. hermaphrodita, five isolates ofP. neopapillosaand three isolates ofP. californicato mucus from the pestiferous slug hostDeroceras invadens, as well as 1% and 5% hyaluronic acid – a component of slug mucus that is highly attractive to these nematodes. We foundP. hermaphrodita(DMG0010) andP. californica(DMG0018) responded significantly more toD. invadensmucus and 1% hyaluronic acid than other strains. Also,P. hermaphrodita(DMG0007),P. neopapillosa(DMG0015) andP. californica(DMG0017) were superior at locating 5% hyaluronic acid compared to other isolates of the same genera. Ultimately, there is natural variation in chemoattraction inPhasmarhabditisnematodes, with some strains responding significantly better to host cues than others.
Anosmia in the first coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in Europe: functional recovery after eight months
Authors: Capelli M , Gatti P 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a formidable virus, responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 and endowed with marked neurotropism. The damage it causes to the nervous system is manifold. The main neurological manifestation is anosmia. Olfactory damage is often transient, but there are no data reflecting an observational period of several months.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the trend of anosmia in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 in the eight months following diagnosis.MethodsFifty-five subjects who presented with symptoms suggestive of coronavirus disease 2019 and who developed anosmia, between the end of February and the beginning of March 2020, were investigated. The patients were interviewed after eight months to determine functional recovery and assess the degree of recovery.ResultsNinety-one per cent of the population reported olfactory recovery and, of these, 53 per cent had total recovery after eight months. Females and younger age groups seem slightly advantaged in functional recovery. The elderly population appears to have excellent prospects for full functional recovery.ConclusionAnosmia represents a frequent neurological manifestation during coronavirus disease 2019. Fortunately, it is transient in most cases, and only a small percentage of patients affected by it report long-term functional deficits.
Parham v. J.R.: “Voluntary” Commitment of Minors to Mental Institutions
Authors: Tiano Linda V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInParham v. J.R.,442 U.S. 584 (1979), the U.S. Supreme Court held that a parent or a guardian can commit a minor to a mental institution if a staff physician certifies that the minor should be committed, even if the minor strenuously opposes their decision. The Court specifically rejected claims that commitment of a minor by a parent or guardian without an adversary hearing is a deprivation of the minor's liberty without due process of law. This Note reviews theParhamopinion, with special attention to its impact on “mature minors” and wards of the state and to its definition of a neutral factfinder. The Note argues first that the Court's failure to establish special safeguards for “mature minors” and wards of the state is inconsistent with constitutional standards of due process, and second, that the Court's acceptance of staff physicians as neutral factfinders may be unwarranted. The Note recommends the creation of moire stringent procedural safeguards for the commitment of minors by parents and guardians, including the use of independent mental health professionals as “neutral factfinders.”
Medicolegal Education and the Crisis in Interprofessional Relations
Authors: Naitove Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn increase in malpractice claims is only one-indication of the problem physicians and attorneys have in their interprofessional relations. This Note explores the factors, such as increased specialization and social responsibility, that have given these professionals a myopic view of their respective roles.The Note suggests that the crisis in interprofessional relations can be alleviated by interdisciplinary education in professional schools. It examines the problems inherent in current interdisciplinary programs and offers a model program jointly taught to law and medical students. The model course uses a problem solving approach that forces each student to examine the methods and limitations of both professions and to develop a concept of the professional’s role in society.
The Patient Who Refuses Medical Treatment: A Dilemma for Hospitals and Physicians
Authors: Swartz Martha 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis Article reviews recent case and statutory law concerning patients who refuse medical treatment. Among the special cases considered are: 1) the competent adult patient who refuses treatment on religious or privacy grounds; 2) the incompetent patient whose own wishes were never expressed, but whose family refuses treatment; 3) the incompetent patient who expressed the wish not to be treated before becoming incompetent; and 4) parents who refuse treatment on behalf of their child.It is pointed out that recent court decisions have blurred the distinctions between “extradordinary” care and “ordinary” care and between withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. Reference is made to the recent trend toward allowing the family of an incompetent patient to assert the patient’s rights without court intervention either in the form of direct court order or through guardianship proceedings.Finally, the implications of these legal developments for health care institutions are discussed. A protocol pertaining to incompetent patients is proposed. Health care institutions are encouraged to develop formal policies for dealing with patients who refuse treatment, and to work with their professional associations in lobbying for legislation which will clarify the law in this area.
A Moment in Human Development: Legal Protection, Ethical Standards and Social Policy on the Selective Non-Treatment of Handicapped Neonates
Authors: Gostin Larry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSelective non-treatment decisions involving severely handicapped neonates have recently come under renewed judicial and legislative scrutiny. In this Article, the Author examines the legal, ethical and social considerations attendant to the non-treatment decision. In Part II of this Article the Author discusses the predominant ethical viewpoints relating to this issue and proposes a new moral standard based on personal interests. Part III presents a survey of the jurisprudence relating to selective non-treatment decisions. Parts IV and V of this Article provide a critical examination of the recently enacted Child Abuse Amendments of 1984, a federal legislative initiative designed to regulate treatment decisions relating to handicapped infants. The Author suggests that the ethical standards and treatment criteria proposed in this Article may prove useful to courts seeking to balance the handicapped neonate's constitutional right to privacy with the requirements of the new federal law.
Protecting Soldiers from Friendly Fire: The Consent Requirement for Using Investigational Drugs and Vaccines in Combat
Authors: Annas George J. 
Published: February 2021

This could be the world's largest friendly fire incident.In his classic treatiseOn War,Karl von Clausewitz emphasizes that courage is the “first quality of a warrior.” He defines two types of courage: “courage in the presence of danger to the person; next, moral courage, or courage in the presence of responsibility, whether before the judgment seat of an external authority or before that of the internal authority of conscience.“ Both were involved in the U.S. military's decision to seek a waiver of informed consent requirements for the use of investigational drugs and vaccines on U.S. troops in the Persian Gulf War. The danger of chemical and biological attack was seen as demanding this waiver; while the Nuremberg Code, medical ethics, and respect for the human rights and dignity of American soldiers cautioned against it. The legal maneuvering to revise consent regulations for wartime conditions provides a case study illustrating how the boundary line between therapy and experimentation can become hopelessly blurred, the differences between law and ethics, and the ethical obligations of military physicians.
Cyber-Malpractice: Legal Exposure for Cybermedicine
Authors: Terry Nicolas P. 
Published: February 2021

This Article examines the content-related liability exposure of health care providers operating in cyberspace (cybermedicine). The Article maps real space theories of liability such as professional negligence, misrepresentation and products liability to cybermedicine fact patterns.This Article examines cybermedicine in contrast to the more widely discussed but narrower issue of telemedicine. The latter typically refers to technologies, primarily preconvergence telephony, satellite and video, used to patch geographical holes in health coverage. Thus, telemedicine is to medicine what distance learning is to education. Just as telemedicine technologies and goals have been more limited, so too have the legal issues been analyzed in a narrower regulatory or licensure issues.
Holomorphic one-forms, fibrations over the circle, and characteristic numbers of Kähler manifolds
Authors: KOTSCHICK D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove that the only relation imposed on the Hodge and Chern numbers of a compact Kähler manifold by the existence of a nowhere zero holomorphic one-form is the vanishing of the Hirzebruch genus. We also treat the analogous problem for nowhere zero closed one-forms on smooth manifolds.
Framing Effects and Group Differences in Public Opinion about Prison Pell Grants
Authors: Johnston Travis M. , Wozniak Kevin H. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTAfter years of gridlock on the issue, a bipartisan group of members of Congress struck a deal in 2020 to restore eligibility for inmates to access Pell Grants. Evidence indicates that college education programs in prison reduce recidivism and, consequently, state corrections expenditures, but legislators in prior decades feared that voters would resent government subsidy of college classes for criminals. To assess the contemporary politics of the issue, we analyze data from a framing experiment embedded in the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. We find that Americans, on average, neither support nor oppose the proposal to restore inmates’ Pell Grant eligibility; however, exposure to arguments about the proposal’s benefits to inmates in particular and American society more broadly both increased subjects’ support. We further explore how this framing effect varies across political partisanship and racial resentment. We find that both frames elicited a positive response from subjects, especially among Democrats and subjects with low or moderate racial resentment.
Healthy eating: a matter of prioritisation by households or policymakers?
Authors: Mackenbach Joreintje Dingena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractI reflect upon the potential reasons why American low-income households do not spend an optimal proportion of their food budgets on fruits and vegetables, even though this would allow them to meet the recommended levels of fruit and vegetable consumption. Other priorities than health, automatic decision-making processes and access to healthy foods play a role, but solutions for the persistent socio-economic inequalities in diet should be sought in the wider food system which promotes cheap, mass-produced foods. I argue that, ultimately, healthy eating is not a matter of prioritisation by individual households but by policymakers.
RF Small and large signal characterization of a 3D integrated GaN/RF-SOI SPST switch
Authors: Drillet Frédéric , Loraine Jérôme , Saleh Hassan , Lahbib Imene , Grandchamp Brice , Iogna-Prat Lucas , Lahbib Insaf , Sow Ousmane , Kumar Albert , U'Ren Gregory 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the radio frequency (RF) measurements of an SPST switch realized in gallium nitride (GaN)/RF-SOI technology compared to its GaN/silicon (Si) equivalent. The samples are built with an innovative 3D heterogeneous integration technique. The RF switch transistors are GaN-based and the substrate is RF-SOI. The insertion loss obtained is below 0.4 dB up to 30 GHz while being 1 dB lower than its GaN/Si equivalent. This difference comes from the vertical capacitive coupling reduction of the transistor to the substrate. This reduction is estimated to 59% based on a RC network model fitted to S-parameters measurements. In large signal, the linearity study of the substrate through coplanar waveguide transmission line characterization shows the reduction of the average power level of H2 and H3 of 30 dB up to 38 dBm of input power. The large signal characterization of the SPST shows no compression up to 38 dBm and the H2 and H3 rejection levels at 38 dBm are respectively, 68 and 75 dBc.