bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconsistent effects of species diversity and N fertilization on soil microbes and carbon storage in perennial bioenergy cropping systems
Authors: Dobbratz Michelle , Gutknecht Jessica , Wyse Donald , Sheaffer Craig C. , Jungers Jacob M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPositive relationships between plant species diversity, soil microbial function and nutrient cycling have been well documented in natural systems, and these relationships have the potential to improve the production and sustainability of agroecosystems. Our objectives were to study the long-term effects of planted species composition and nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil microbial biomass C, extracellular enzyme activity, changes in total soil C, soil fertility and aboveground biomass yield in mixtures of native prairie species managed with and without N fertilizer for bioenergy production at four sites in Minnesota (MN), USA. Species were sown into mixture treatments and composition was not maintained (i.e., no weeding) throughout the duration of the study. Species mixture treatments at establishment included a switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) monoculture (SG), a four-species grass mixture (GM), an eight-species legume/grass mixture (LG) and a 24-species high diversity forb/legume/grass mixture (HD). Species diversity and aboveground productivity were similar for most mixture treatments at final sampling after 11 or 12 years of succession. Despite this homogenization of productivity and diversity throughout the study, the effects of planted species diversity and a decade of succession resulted in some differences in soil variables across species mixture treatments. On a peat soil in Roseau, MN, soil enzyme activities including β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH) and phosphatase (PHOS) were highest in HD compared to GM treatments. On a sandy soil at Becker, MN, total soil C increased in all treatment combinations at the 0–15 and 15–30 cm depth intervals, with SG showing greater increases than HD at the 15–30 cm depth. Final soil pH also varied by species mixture at the Becker and Roseau sites, but differences in treatment comparisons varied by location. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect any response variable alone, but interacted with species mixture treatment to influence PHOS and total soil C at Becker. The inconsistent effects of species mixture and N fertilization on soil biological and chemical properties observed across sites highlight the importance of local soil and climate conditions on bioenergy and ecosystem service provisioning of perennial bioenergy cropping systems.
Executive Functions Influence on Memory Process in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders with and without Psychotic Symptoms. A Pilot Study
Authors: García-Laredo Eduardo , Castellanos Miguel Ángel , Badaya Esperanza , Paúl Nuria , Yubero Raquel , Maestú Fernando , Molina Juan D. , Chacón José 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate whether declarative memory deficits are related to executive function deficits (EF), since they could be a consequence of a poor organization of the material to memorize. This interaction between both cognitive processes can be studied simultaneously in a single task such as the Test of Memory Strategies (TSM). 23 patients with paranoid schizophrenic disorder, 11 with bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms, 13 with bipolar disorder without psychotic symptoms and 15 healthy subjects were evaluated with the TSM; with the memory test Texts A and B (subtest of the Barcelona neuropsychological assessment battery), which assesses short-term and immediate recall without the influence of EF; and with the Trail Making Test (TMT): Part A (sustained attention) and Part B (executive control). The patients groups and the control group showed an improvement in memory performance across each of the TSM conditions. However, this facilitating effect of the strategies differed among the groups (the patients with higher EF deficits showed less improvement). Regarding these results, we conclude that this cognitive process cannot be independent of EF. However, due to the pilot nature of this study, it would be recommended to replicate these findings in new studies.
COVID-19: Psychologische Folgen für Familie, Kinder und Partnerschaft
Authors: Hahlweg Kurt , Ditzen Beate , Job Ann-Katrin , Gastner Judith , Schulz Wolfgang , Supke Max , Walper Sabine 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung. Dieser Beitrag soll die spezifischen Auswirkungen auf Familien, Kinder und Partnerschaften diskutieren, die sich durch die Covid-19-Pandemie einstellen könnten. Er ist primär gedacht für alle professionellen Helfer, die in Kontakt mit betroffenen Familien stehen. Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt eine akute Bedrohung für das familiäre Wohlergehen dar, da sie mit psychologischen Reaktionen (z. B. Angst, Depression, Wut) der Familienangehörigen sowie sozialen Belastungen, die durch finanzielle Unsicherheit, Kurzarbeit, Arbeitslosigkeit und Existenzängsten bedingt sind, verbunden sein kann. Mehr als 70 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen fühlen sich seelisch belastet und jedes vierte Kind berichtet, dass es in der Familie häufiger zu Streit komme als vor der Corona-Krise. Die elterliche Partnerschaft bildet den Kern des familiären Funktionierens, jedoch kann das C oparenting in der Krise erschwert sein. Im Zuge der Ausgangsbeschränkungen und der damit einhergehenden Isolierung von Familien ist weiterhin zu befürchten, dass Beziehungskonflikte zunehmen und Partner_innen und Kinder einem erhöhten Risiko körperlicher, emotionaler und sexueller Gewalt ausgesetzt sind. Was dringend fehlt sind Interventionsformen, die zum Ziel haben, fortschreitende Eskalationen zu verhindern und rechtzeitig Wege aufzuzeigen, wie eine konstruktive Wendung erreicht werden kann. Es werden vier Empfehlungen ausgesprochen: (1) Entwicklung und Förderung von Internetplattformen, die Informationen zum angemessenen Umgang mit familiären Krisensituationen bereitstellen. (2) Finanzielle Förderung der Nutzung von interaktiven Online-Programmen insbesondere für finanzschwache Familien. (3) Aufklärungskampagnen initiieren und finanzieren. (4) Fragwürdige / schädliche Online-Programme identifizieren. Abschließend findet sich eine Zusammenstellung von personenungebundenen, Internet-basierten Angeboten, die helfen können, mit den durch COVID-19 zu erwartenden Schwierigkeiten im Familienleben besser umgehen zu können – dies vor allem mit einfach umsetzbaren Hilfestellungen und Ratschlägen.
Impacts of Salinity Variation on the Mixed‐Layer Processes and Sea Surface Temperature in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Confluence Region
Authors: Kido Shoichiro , Nonaka Masami , Tanimoto Youichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, salinity variations in the Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence region (KOCR) are examined through analyses of observational datasets and an ocean reanalysis product, and their potential impacts on sea surface temperature are assessed by sensitivity experiments using a one‐dimensional mixed layer model (1‐D ML model). We have detected prominent covariations in near surface temperature and salinity in the KOCR during the boreal winter to spring. Further investigation revealed that such covariations are closely related to the dynamical stability of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), and anomalous warming and salinification (cooling and freshening) are observed in the KOCR when the upstream of the KE is in an unstable (a stable) state. It is found that modulation heat and freshwater transport by mesoscale eddies and large‐scale current anomalies are closely related to such observed variation. Then, we have quantitatively estimated the impacts of these salinity variations on local density by a detailed decomposition of total anomaly fields. Although the total density anomalies are dominated by contributions from temperature, the salinity contribution has sizable magnitude especially in the northern part of the KOCR, where the background temperature is low and the dependence of density on temperature variations is weak. To further quantify the impact of salinity anomalies, we conducted a series of sensitivity experiments utilizing the 1‐D ML model. The results from these experiments revealed that salinity anomalies significantly alter the strength of vertical mixing and eventually lead to differences in sea surface temperature of approximately 1.0°C.
Present‐Day Patagonian Dust Emissions: Combining Surface Visibility, Mass Flux, and Reanalysis Data
Authors: Cosentino N. J. , Gaiero D. M. , Lambert F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe magnitude of the climatic forcing associated with mineral dust aerosols remains uncertain due in part to a lack of observations on dust sources. While modeling and satellite studies provide spatially extensive constraints, they must be supported by surface‐validating dust monitoring. Southern South America is the main dust source to the southern oceans (>45°S), a region of low biological productivity potentially susceptible to increased micronutrient fertilization through dust deposition, as well as one of the main dust sources to Antarctica, implying long‐range transport of dust from Patagonia and potentially affecting snow cover albedo. We present multiyear time series of dust‐related visibility reduction (DRVR) and dust mass flux in Patagonia. We find that local DRVR is partly controlled by long‐term (i.e., months) water deficit, while same‐day conditions play a smaller role, reflective of water retention properties of fine‐grained dust‐emitting soils in low‐moisture conditions. This is supported independently by reanalysis data showing that large‐scale dust outbreaks are usually associated with anomalously high long‐term water deficit. By combining visibility data, surface dust sampling, and particle dispersion modeling, we derive regional dust emission rates. Our results suggest that the inclusion of long‐term soil hydrologic balance parameterizations under low‐moisture conditions may improve the performance of dust emission schemes in Earth system models.
A Factor Separation Study of the Effect of Synoptic‐Scale Wind, Atmospheric Moisture and of Their Synergy on the Diurnal Temperature Range During the Israeli Summer
Authors: Rotstein Maaian , Alpert Pinhas , Rostkier‐Edelstein Dorita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe trend of the decrease in the global average diurnal temperature range (DTR) is one of the clearest signals in twentieth century climate data. Regionally, DTR trends exhibit large variations. A factor separation analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of atmospheric moisture, synoptic‐scale winds, and their synergy on the DTR during the Israeli summer. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Single Column Model was run for summer representative days, at four locations in Israel. In almost all cases, the contribution of the factors and of their synergy to the DTR was dominated by their contribution to the diurnal minimum temperature, Tmin. The largest contribution resulted from atmospheric moisture, reducing the DTR. The contribution of synoptic‐scale winds showed more variability, with significant differences in both magnitude and sign on different days. The sign of the effect on Tmin depended on the relative direction and magnitude of the nocturnal synoptic‐scale wind with respect to the local wind, which in turn determined the effect on the low‐level jet (LLJ) and vertical mixing. The contribution from synergy between the two factors depended on the effect of moisture on the LLJ and on the effect of the synoptic‐scale winds on moisture advection in or out of the atmospheric column. All cases were classified into groups depending on the sign of contributions of the single factors and of their synergy when analyzing the DTR observed trends. These results highlight the importance of the synoptic wind, of its synergy with atmospheric moisture and of the feedback mechanisms.
Accumbens D2-MSN hyperactivity drives antipsychotic-induced behavioral supersensitivity
Authors: Kruyer Anna , Parrilla-Carrero Jeffrey , Powell Courtney , Brandt Lasse , Gutwinski Stefan , Angelis Ariana , Chalhoub Reda M. , Jhou Thomas C. , Kalivas Peter W. , Amato Davide 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAntipsychotic-induced dopamine supersensitivity, or behavioral supersensitivity, is a problematic consequence of long-term antipsychotic treatment characterized by the emergence of motor abnormalities, refractory symptoms, and rebound psychosis. The underlying mechanisms are unclear and no approaches exist to prevent or reverse these unwanted effects of antipsychotic treatment. Here we demonstrate that behavioral supersensitivity stems from long-lasting pre, post and perisynaptic plasticity, including insertion of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors and loss of D2 receptor-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). The resulting hyperexcitability, prominent in a subpopulation of D2-MSNs (21%), caused locomotor sensitization to cocaine and was associated with behavioral endophenotypes of antipsychotic treatment resistance and substance use disorder, including disrupted extinction learning and augmented cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior. Chemogenetic restoration of IPSCs in D2-MSNs in the NAcore was sufficient to prevent antipsychotic-induced supersensitivity, pointing to an entirely novel therapeutic direction for overcoming this condition.
Casein Kinase 2 dependent phosphorylation of eIF4B regulates BACE1 expression in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bettegazzi Barbara , Sebastian Monasor Laura , Bellani Serena , Codazzi Franca , Restelli Lisa Michelle , Colombo Alessio Vittorio , Deigendesch Nikolaus , Frank Stephan , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi C. , Lammich Sven , Tahirovic Sabina , Grohovaz Fabio , Zacchetti Daniele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Increased Aβ production plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of the disease and BACE1, the protease that triggers the amyloidogenic processing of APP, is a key protein and a pharmacological target in AD. Changes in neuronal activity have been linked to BACE1 expression and Aβ generation, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We provide clear evidence for the role of Casein Kinase 2 in the control of activity-driven BACE1 expression in cultured primary neurons, organotypic brain slices, and murine AD models. More specifically, we demonstrate that neuronal activity promotes Casein Kinase 2 dependent phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF4B and this, in turn, controls BACE1 expression and APP processing. Finally, we show that eIF4B expression and phosphorylation are increased in the brain of APPPS1 and APP-KI mice, as well as in AD patients. Overall, we provide a definition of a mechanism linking brain activity with amyloid production and deposition, opening new perspectives from the therapeutic standpoint.
Effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 daily intake on the HPA axis response to acute psychological stress in healthy Japanese men
Authors: Matsuura Noriko , Motoshima Hidemasa , Uchida Kenji , Yamanaka Yujiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (YRC3780), which is isolated from kefir, has been associated with anti-allergic effects in humans. However, it remains unknown whether daily intake of YRC3780 attenuates the response to psychological stress in humans in parallel with changes to the gut microbiome. We examined the fundamental role of YRC3780 in the gut microbiome, stress response, sleep, and mental health in humans.

Methods
Effects of daily intake of YRC3780 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to acute psychological stress were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 27 healthy young men (mean age and body mass index: 23.5 years and 21.5 kg/m2) who were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 13) or YRC3780 (n = 14) groups. The HPA axis response to acute psychological stress, the diurnal rhythm of HPA axis activity, and gut microbiome were assessed and compared between the two groups.

Results
The results showed that daily intake of YRC3780 significantly lowered morning salivary cortisol levels compared with placebo. In addition, salivary cortisol levels following a social stress test significantly decreased +40 min after beginning the TSST in the YRC3780-treated group compared to placebo. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of actigraphy-based sleep quality, but the subjective sleep quality and mental health were significantly improved in the YRC3780-treated group compared to placebo.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that daily intake of YRC3780 improves the HPA axis response to acute psychological stress, which might be associated with a decrease in morning cortisol levels.
CD13 orients the apical-basal polarity axis necessary for lumen formation
Authors: Wang Li-Ting , Rajah Abira , Brown Claire M. , McCaffrey Luke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolarized epithelial cells can organize into complex structures with a characteristic central lumen. Lumen formation requires that cells coordinately orient their polarity axis so that the basolateral domain is on the outside and apical domain inside epithelial structures. Here we show that the transmembrane aminopeptidase, CD13, is a key determinant of epithelial polarity orientation. CD13 localizes to the apical membrane and associates with an apical complex with Par6. CD13-deficient cells display inverted polarity in which apical proteins are retained on the outer cell periphery and fail to accumulate at an intercellular apical initiation site. Here we show that CD13 is required to couple apical protein cargo to Rab11-endosomes and for capture of endosomes at the apical initiation site. This role in polarity utilizes the short intracellular domain but is independent of CD13 peptidase activity.
Intradermal vaccination of live attenuated influenza vaccine protects mice against homologous and heterologous influenza challenges
Authors: Lee Andrew Chak-Yiu , Zhang Anna Jinxia , Li Can , Chen Yanxia , Liu Feifei , Zhao Yan , Chu Hin , Fong Carol Ho-Yan , Wang Pui , Lau Siu-Ying , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Chen Honglin , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe previously developed a temperature-sensitive, and NS1 gene deleted live attenuated influenza vaccine (DelNS1-LAIV) and demonstrated its potent protective efficacy in intranasally vaccinated mice. Here we investigated whether intradermal (i.d.) vaccination induces protective immunity. Our results showed that DelNS1-LAIV intradermal vaccination conferred effective and long-lasting protection against lethal virus challenge in mice. A single intradermal injection of DelNS1-LAIV conferred 100% survival with no weight loss in mice after A(H1N1)09 influenza virus (H1N1/415742Md) challenge. DelNS1-LAIV injection resulted in a significant reduction of lung viral load and reduced airway epithelial cell death and lung inflammatory cytokine responses at day 2 and 4 post challenge. Full protections of mice lasted for 6 months after immunization. In vitro infection of DelNS1-LAIV in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) demonstrated activation of antigen-presenting cells at 33 °C, together with the results of abortive replication of DelNS1-LAIV in skin tissue and strong upregulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines expression, our results suggested the strong immunogenicity of this vaccine. Further, we demonstrate that the underlying protection mechanism induced by intradermal DelNS1-LAIV is mainly attributed to antibody responses. Together, this study opens up an alternative route for the administration of LAIV, which may benefit individuals not suitable for intranasal LAIV immunization.
Structural insights into how Prp5 proofreads the pre-mRNA branch site
Authors: Zhang Zhenwei , Rigo Norbert , Dybkov Olexandr , Fourmann Jean-Baptiste , Will Cindy L. , Kumar Vinay , Urlaub Henning , Stark Holger , Lührmann Reinhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring the splicing of introns from precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs), the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) must undergo stable integration into the spliceosomal A complex—a poorly understood, multistep process that is facilitated by the DEAD-box helicase Prp5 (refs. 1–4). During this process, the U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) forms an RNA duplex with the pre-mRNA branch site (the U2–BS helix), which is proofread by Prp5 at this stage through an unclear mechanism5. Here, by deleting the branch-site adenosine (BS-A) or mutating the branch-site sequence of an actin pre-mRNA, we stall the assembly of spliceosomes in extracts from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae directly before the A complex is formed. We then determine the three-dimensional structure of this newly identified assembly intermediate by cryo-electron microscopy. Our structure indicates that the U2–BS helix has formed in this pre-A complex, but is not yet clamped by the HEAT domain of the Hsh155 protein (Hsh155HEAT), which exhibits an open conformation. The structure further reveals a large-scale remodelling/repositioning of the U1 and U2 snRNPs during the formation of the A complex that is required to allow subsequent binding of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, but that this repositioning is blocked in the pre-A complex by the presence of Prp5. Our data suggest that binding of Hsh155HEAT to the bulged BS-A of the U2–BS helix triggers closure of Hsh155HEAT, which in turn destabilizes Prp5 binding. Thus, Prp5 proofreads the branch site indirectly, hindering spliceosome assembly if branch-site mutations prevent the remodelling of Hsh155HEAT. Our data provide structural insights into how a spliceosomal helicase enhances the fidelity of pre-mRNA splicing.