bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of probiotics and encapsulated probiotics on enteric methane emission and nutrient digestibility in vitro
Authors: Abdelbagi M , Ridwan R , Fidriyanto R , Rohmatussolihat  , Nahrowi  , Jayanegara A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics and encapsulated probiotics on enteric methane production and the in vitro nutrient digestibility in ruminants. The probiotics used were from the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The experiments were conducted in three dietary treatments (control diet, probiotics addition, and encapsulated probiotics addition) and three replicates. Each replicate was performed at a different week. The experimental diets were incubated in the in vitro rumen fermentation system for 72 h. Parameters observed were pH, total gas production, methane production, total volatile fatty acids, NH3, and the in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD, respectively). Data were analyzed using variance analysis and continued with the Duncan multiple range test to compare among the different treatment means. Results showed both the probiotics and the encapsulated probiotics decreased (P<0.05) the methane production by 6.1 and 33.1% compared to the control diet, respectively. Furthermore, these probiotics and encapsulated probiotics increased (P<0.05) total gas production by 15.7 and 233% than that of control, respectively. The TFVAs, IVDMD, IVOMD, and NH3 values of the diet supplemented with probiotics were higher than the encapsulated probiotics (P<0.05). It can be concluded that both the probiotics and the encapsulated probiotics effectively mitigate the in vitro methane production while simultaneously enhancing the total gas production.
Effects of addition chitosan-oligosaccharide of snail shell in the diet on quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) performance and carcass characteristics
Authors: Rusdi R , Hasanuddin A , Hafsah  , Nurhaeni  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is well documented that feed additives improve livestock productivity through improving feed intake, feed efficiency, and livestock health status. Oligosaccharide is categorized as a prebiotic additive that can modify the microbial ecosystem in the small intestine by creating an environment that is more favorable for nonpathogenic bacteria’s growth. Current research investigates the effects of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) from snail shells in the diet on quail performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 100 female DOQ were placed in a Completely Randomized Design, five treatments and four replicates with five birds for each replicate and were kept under standard management conditions for six weeks. Basal diet consisted of corn, rice bran, soybean, fish meal, coconut oil, minerals, methionine, and lysine, and was mixed in such a way to achieve 22% protein. Treatments were the basal diet without feed additive (T1) as the negative control, the basal diet with 28 ppm preparation of lactate acid bacteria, LAB (T2) as the positive control, the basal diet with 200 ppm of COS (T3), the basal diet with 400 ppm of COS (T4), and the basal diet with 600 ppm of COS (T5). The birds were having free access to the diets and drinking water. Bird’s weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. At the end of the experiment, two birds from each cage were selected and slaughtered for carcass assessment and weight digestive organ. The variables are feed intake, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, breast meat weight, and organ weight. The data were analyzed by using Anova and comparison tests using the Duncan test. The results revealed that the addition of COS in the diet significantly reduced (P<0.05) feed intake, carcass yield, and dressing percentage and improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio, liver, and two ceca (P<0.05). Other parameters were not different (P>0.05) between treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that the inclusion of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) in the diet improved quail performance by enhancing feed efficiency.
Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linnaeus) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) powder in feed on nutrient digestibility and performance of sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica F. Cuvier)
Authors: Farida W R , Shidiq F , Inayah N , Handayani T H 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe experiment has been conducted to determine the effect of the addition of turmeric and ginger powder as antioxidants into the feed of young sunda porcupines (Hystrix javanica) at the Captivity of Small Mammals, Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Bogor Regency, West Java. The experiment lasted for 62 days, consisting of 2 periods namely Period I (PI) addition of turmeric powder as much as 0 g (T0); 0.3 g (T1); 0.6 g (T2); 0.9 g (T3) and Period II (PII) addition of ginger powder as much as 0 g (T0); 0.3 g (T1); 0.6 g (T2); 0.9 g (T3) in the feed. During the study, 8 sunda porcupines were placed in a cage space of 2.0 m x 2.25 m x 2.50 m respectively. The preliminary period for each period lasts 10 days and 21 days (3 weeks) for the data collection period. The highest average consumption of dry matter (DMI) in the PI is in the female porcupine T1 followed by a male porcupine and female T3, T0, male T1, and lowest female T2. In PII with the addition of ginger powder in the feed, dry matter intake (DMI) decreased in all treatments. Increased digestibility of nutrients T0<T1<T2<T3 occurs in both PI and PII. The digestibility of crude fat is lower than the digestibility of other nutrients in PI and PII. The average value of the use of feed efficiency in the PI increased in the administration of turmeric powder 0.3 g (T1), and decreased in T2 and T3, while feed efficiency in PII decreased in T1 and increased in the administration of ginger powder 0.6 g (T2), and lowest at T3. The performance of young sunda porcupine showed normal growth and no health problems occurred.
Seed priming with chitosan alleviates salinity stress by improving germination and early growth parameters in common vetch (Vicia sativa)
Authors: Odat N , Tawaha A M , Hasan M , Imran  , Amanullah  , Al-Tawaha A R , Thangadurai D , Sangeetha J , Rauf A , Khalid S , Saranraj P , AL-Taey D K A , Safari Z S , Zahid N A , Qazizadah A Z , Sirajuddin S N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soil salinity is a serious environmental threat with varied effects on several aspects of growth and production of plants. Recently, however, the utilization of chitosan in agriculture has increased as it enhances the resistance of crop plants to different stresses factors such as salinity. In this experiment, the effects of chitosan seed-priming on alleviation of salinity stress was investigated in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) using a completely randomized design with six replications. Chitosan pretreatment was applied at three levels (2, 4, and 8 g/l) and salinity of sodium chloride (NaCl) was applied at four levels (50, 100 and 200, and 300 mM). Different variables have been measured, including germination percentage, hypocotyl length, radical length, hypocotyl dry weight and radical dry weight. Salinity is found to affect the germination percentage of vetch by decreasing germination with increasing in NaCl concentration (50, 100 and 200, and 300 mM). However, the results showed an increase in germination percentage upon priming seeds with different levels of chitosan (2, 4, and 8 g/l) even with increasing the concentration NaCl salinity. Additionally, all salinity levels caused a significant reduction in vetch hypocotyl and radical dry weight and resulted in a decrease in their length when compared with the water control. However, chitosan at all levels of concentration improved all of these growth parameters (hypocotyl length, radical length, hypocotyl dry weight and radical dry weight) irrespective of salinity level indicating a successful role of chitosan in alleviating salinity stress. In general, these results may suggest that in saline soil seed pretreatment in chitosan could be utilized successfully for alleviating the effect of salinity stress on germination and on some growth parameters of common vetch.
Giving bidara leaf extract (Ziziphus mauritiana) through drinking water as an alternative antioxidant against quail haematological
Authors: Supratman S , Purwanti S , Rahardja D P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana) contain quercetin 3-O-rhamnoglucoside 7-O-rhamnoside which is a major flavonoid compound that has the potential as an antioxidant. This study was aimed to determine the effect of giving bidara leaf extract as an alternative antioxidant on the haematological status of quail. This study used 160 quails aged 9 days that were reared for 42 days. This study used a completely randomized design, which consisted of 5 treatments and 4 replications. Using the experimental arrangement: P0 (without vitamin C and bidara leaf extract); P1(vitamin C); P2 (0.20 mL bidara leaf extract); P3 (0.24 mL bidara leaf extract) and P4 (0.28 mL bidara leaf extract). Parameters measured were hematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocyte and leukocyte. The result showed that erythrocytes and leucocytes had no significant effect (P>0.05) but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on haemoglobin and hematocrit. The highest haemoglobin level was at P4 while the lowest haemoglobin level was at P0. The treatment of P3 (0.24 mL of bidara leaf extract) can increase the levels of quail hematocrit. Therefore, it can be concluded that the higher level of giving bidara leaf extract, the higher of haemoglobin level in quails and giving bidara leaf extract at P3 (0.24 mL) was the best alternative to an antioxidant in quails.
The population of red flour beetle (Tribolium casteneum) imago and crude protein of rice bran with an addition of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) flour
Authors: Jamilah  , Mujnisa A , Akbar  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rice bran is an agricultural waste that is widely used as animal feed because it is cheap and easy to obtain. The main obstacle to using rice bran is the damage during storage, especially its protein content due to the presence and growth of insects such as the Red Flour Beetle (Tribolium castaneum). Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a plant often used as a natural insecticide. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of Lemongrass to inhibit the growth of the Red Flour Beetle and maintain protein content in rice bran during storage. This study was performed according to a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of P0: rice bran, P1: rice bran infected with a beetle, P2: rice bran infected with beetle + 1% lemongrass flour, P3: rice bran infected with beetle + 2% lemongrass flour, and P4: rice bran infected with beetle + 3% lemongrass flour. The results showed that the use of Lemongrass flour (Cymbopogon citratus) had a significant effect (P<0.05) on lowering the population of Tribolium casteneum imago, while crude protein content had no significant effect. From this study, it can be concluded that the addition of lemongrass flour can reduce the population of Tribolium caestaneum and maintain the crude protein content of rice bran during storage.
Anti-bacterial activity of Dayak onions extract (Eleutherine palmifolia) against Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli
Authors: Hidayah R , Purwanti S , Jamilah J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dayak onions (Eleutherine palmifolia) is a plant from Kalimantan. Dayak onions contain high flavonoid and phenol compounds and can be used as an alternative feed additive for broilers to replace synthetic antibiotics that can cause resistance and residues. This study aims to determine how much the ability of Dayak onions extract to inhibit Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli bacteria by using factorial randomized design and Duncan’s advanced test with three replications. The first factor was the maceration test consisting of control using tetracycline and replication of maceration I, maceration II, combined maceration I and II. The second factor is the concentration consisting of three concentrations of 0.50%, 1.00% and 1.50%. Antimicrobial activity is characterized by the presence of a clear zone that forms around a good hole. The results showed that the best antimicrobial activity of Dayak onion extract was obtained in K3M1 with inhibitory zone diameters of 15.47 mm for Salmonella spp and 13.40 mm for Escherichia coli. The value of the diameter of the inhibition zone shows a high sensitivity level as an antibacterial. The lowest diameter value of the inhibition zone was K1M2 which was 3.40 mm for Salmonella spp and 4.18 mm for Escherichia coli. It was concluded that the best replication factor of the antibacterial activity was at M1 and the higher the concentration of Dayak onion extract was used, the higher the antibacterial activity and could be used as an alternative feed additive.
Mealworm as an alternative protein source: potential for the processing of fish meal and soybean meal replacement feed on broiler performance
Authors: Kasri  , Purwanti S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe availability of feed is the main requirement in supporting the success of livestock development. One of the feed alternatives that is being discussed worldwide is insects because they have a high protein source. Insects are currently being discussed in the animal husbandry sector because insects include an alternative source of animal protein with high nutritional quality, efficiency and can be provided continuously and have nearly the same nutritional content as fish meal and soybean meal. Problems globally, the search for alternative protein sources to substitute a fish meal and soybean meal has become a major topic in research in the field of animal feed and nutrition. The fluctuating price of feed will affect business in the field of animal husbandry, where we know that the cost of feed contributes nearly 60-70% of the total business operating costs. Based on literature studies show that insects can replace fish meal and soybean meal 25-100%, one type of insect that has the potential as a feed ingredient is a mealworm which contains 32-52% crude protein and low crude fat 7%. Reported that the use of mealworms in the broiler feed to give effect to the performance of broilers from feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and final weight. It was concluded that mealworms were an alternative source of high protein and fat.
Effects of pre-, pro-, and synbiotic supplementation on the growth performance and feed conversion rates of Indonesian native chicken – The offspring of in ovo L-gln fed hen
Authors: Rahardja D P , Yusuf M , Lestari V S , Hakim M R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A research was conducted to elucidate the effect of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in drinking water on the performance of Indonesian Native Chickens (INC), the offspring of in ovo 1.5% L-gln hens. A randomized Block Design of 4 treatments (P0=control; P1=Prebiotic (10 g Inulin in 1 l tap water); P2= Probiotic (2 g Promix in 1 l tap water), and P3=Synbiotic (10 g Inulin + 2 g Promix in 1 l tap water) with 3 times of replication blocks was used. An amount of 180 one-day-old (DOC) of INC from 3 hatching periods was used in the research, which was selected from newly hatched chicks as the offsprings of laying hen resulted from the in ovo L-gln. The chicks were put in brooding boxes separately for each treatment unit (maximum 15 chicks per box) and placed in a rearing room (27-280C; 60% RH). The results indicated that supplementation of pre-, pro-, and symbiotic during the first 2 weeks through drinking water did not significantly affect the body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of INC; Afterward, measuring at weeks 4, 6, and 8, supplementation resulted in significantly heavier body weights and better FCR compared to those of control chicks. In conclusion, this study has shown that supplementation of pre-, pro-, and symbiotic exert positive effects on the growth and FCR of INC, and the best response is to symbiotic supplementation.
The effect of temperature levels on antioxidant activity in chicken eggs
Authors: Nahariah N , Hikmah H 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGenerally, egg heating aims to inhibit microbial contamination, especially on the surface of eggshells and liquid egg products. The application of heating temperature to eggs was carried out at temperatures below 100°C. However, the heating temperature can have an impact on antioxidant activity and the characteristics of egg protein consumption. The treatment uses 3 temperature levels i.e., 45°C, 55° C, and 65°C, respectively. Each treatment was repeated 5 times, a total of 15 units. Each sample was heated for 3 minutes. Parameters were antioxidant activity, total protein, and dissolved protein. The results showed that the different heating temperatures had a significant effect (P<0.01) on antioxidant activity, total protein, and dissolved protein. Value of antioxidant activity and total protein decreased with the increasing of heating temperature. However, increasing the heating temperature can increase the dissolved protein value of chicken eggs. The heating temperature of 45°C on chicken eggs can optimize the antioxidant activity, total protein, and dissolved protein value.
Viscosity, fat content, total acidity, and antioxidant capacity of reduced-fat mayonnaise made with Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind flour as stabilizer
Authors: Evanuarini H , Amertaningtyas D , Utama D T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reduced-fat mayonnaise should have an oil content of below 70%. In order to improve the quality of reduced-fat mayonnaise, a stabilizer should be included. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind flour is a fruit waste containing antioxidants, fats, and carbohydrates, and has the potency to be used as an alternative stabilizer for processed food. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of watermelon rind flour on the viscosity, fat content, total acidity, and antioxidant capacity of reduced-fat (50% fat) mayonnaise. A completely randomized design was used in this study. The treatments were 2%, 4%, and 6% of watermelon rind flour addition and replicated four times. The results showed that mayonnaise viscosity, fat content, and antioxidant capacity were significantly affected (P<0.01) by the addition of watermelon rind flour without altering total acidity. In conclusion, the addition of watermelon rind powder at 6% to reduced-fat mayonnaise increased its antioxidant capacity and almost achieved the viscosity of the original (full-fat) mayonnaise.
The organoleptic of pasteurized milk by addition of kasumba turate (Cartamus tinctorius l) at different storage times
Authors: Faridah R , Febrianti Y , Maruddin F , Kurniawan M E , Mukhlisah A N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Milk was food that was composed of various nutritional values with a balanced proportion of milk weakness affects the shelf life so that it required a pasteurization process by adding kasumba turate (Cartamus tinctorius L) to milk as a natural colouring agent and preservative. To extend the shelf life, this study aimed to determine the effect of organoleptic quality (color, aroma and thickness) pasteurized milk with the addition of kasumba turate (Cartamus tinctorius L) at different storage times. This research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with different storage duration treatments (0 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours). The results of this study indicated that the addition of kasumba turate significantly affected the viscosity of milk, but did not affect the color, and aroma. This research can be concluded that during the storage of the organoleptic quality of color, the aroma of kasumba turate, the aroma of milk did not change but affected viscosity at different storage times.
Study of solvent temperature on physical quality of yogurt green tea powder
Authors: Setiawan A , Maruddin F , Malaka R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This kind of yogurt is generally found in semi-liquid form. Processing yogurt into powder will be more flexible when transporting or when being carried anywhere and does not require more storage. Green tea has polyphenolic compounds such as catechins, epicatechins, and gallic acid. The application of green tea in the processing of powdered yogurt requires a solvent temperature study to produce a good quality product. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of solvent temperature on viscosity, color, taste, aroma, and preferences of panelists in reconstituted green tea yogurt. This study used a completely Randomized Design (CRD) 4 treatments with 3 replications. Treatment using solvent temperatures of 30°C, 45°C, 60°C, and 75°C. The results showed that the use of 75°C solvent temperature in reconstituted green tea yogurt produced greater viscosity than 30°C, 45°C, and 60°C. Using different solvent temperatures did not affect color, aroma, and taste. There was a decrease in the preference rating for reconstituted green tea yogurt as the solvent temperature increased. All these studies indicated that the best solvent temperature for reconstituted green tea yogurt was 30°C.
The effect of moisture content in Nusa Tenggara Timur Forest honey on viscosity, pH and total dissolved solids
Authors: Primandasari E P , Susilo A , Masyithoh D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study to determine the physicochemical properties of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) forest honey from Apis Dorsata based on differences in moisture content. The method used was an experimental method with a completely randomized design of four treatments and four replications. The treatment given to NTT forest honey with a moisture content of 23% was reduced with a vacuum evaporator to 22%, 21% and 20%. The variables observed were viscosity, pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The results showed that the decrease in moisture content in NTT forest honey using a vacuum evaporator had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on viscosity. The results of the study had a very significant effect on the TDS (P<0.01) and had no effect on the pH value. The viscosity value of NTT forest honey has an average of 747.25–953 poise. The average TDS value was 331.25–322.75 ppm and had an average pH value of 3.77–3.79. The conclusion of the study was that the reduction in moisture content in NTT forest honey had a very significant effect on viscosity and TDS in honey, but did not affect the pH value.
Bacterial exopolysaccharides production and their roles for human life
Authors: Malaka R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) is a general term for all these forms of bacterial polysaccharides found outside the cell wall. EPS are separated to two major groups are homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides.The production of exocelluar polysaccharides is found in many species of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The function of exopolysaccharides for bacteria itself are energy reserves, role in virulence, protection against physichally adverse condition, and bacteriophage adsorption. However, Isolation or extraction of EPS from bacterial cells does not ethically violate, because based on the results of research by scientists that EPS is not an essential substance for bacterial growth and survival. Therefore, EPS can be produced industrially for commercial purposes for the benefit of the welfare of humanity and for the purpose of future new polysaccharides. EPS has been proven to be applicable to improving the quality of food products as well as new foods, and can function on a variety of benefits in health pharmaceuticals. Other uses in the polymer industry have also made it possible as a new source of environmentally friendly polymers.