bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro and mechanical characterization of PLA/egg shell biocomposite scaffold manufactured using fused deposition modeling technology for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Gnanamani Sankaravel Sivagnanamani , Syed Rashia Begum , Manivachakan Vasumathi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) plays a crucial role in additive manufacturing in the development of novel materials to match the properties of patient specific implants. Polylactic acid (PLA) based biodegradable composite scaffold has shown remarkable progress in tissue engineering due to its better processing compatibility and mechanical properties. In this research work, widely available natural biomaterial egg shell particle (ESP) was used as a filler material, as the minerals aid during bone formation and mineralization. To study the effect of filler particles in PLA, filler percentage and porosity were varied up to 12% and 60%. The scaffolds were characterized for compression, surface morphology, porosity, water contact angle, and in vitro studies. Micro fibers with 10–100 μm were developed using FDM technology. A reduction of up to 85% was made in the water contact angle with respect to an increase in filler particles. 10% ESP withstood a maximum load of 369 MPa at 40% porosity. A maximum weight loss of 11 mg in 12% ESP composite at 60% porosity scaffolds was observed in simulated body fluid study. 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results revealed the absence of toxicity up to 72 h in the composite. 12% ESP showed good cell viability compared to pure PLA and 10% ESP scaffolds having better mechanical and biological properties.
Enhanced direct‐current breakdown strength of Al2O3/epoxy resin composites through plasma fluoridation of fillers interface
Authors: Lü Fang‐cheng , Song Jing‐xuan , Ruan Hao‐ou , Zhu Mei‐ying , Wang Shuang‐shuang , Lü Pin , Xie Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHerein, a method for improving the direct‐current (DC) breakdown strength of the epoxy resin (ER) was proposed. Nano‐Al2O3 was treated with CF4/Ar plasma and doped into the epoxy resin matrix to obtain epoxy composites with high DC breakdown strength in both extremely uneven and slightly uneven electric fields. The reaction essence of plasma fluoridation was characterized, and the dielectric spectrum, volume conductivity, space charge, and carrier trap characteristics of the modified composites were studied. The plasma fluoridation at the fillers‐matrices interface is an effective pretreatment method to enhance insulation, exhibiting good applicability to ceramic/polymer composites.
Basic physicochemical processes governing self‐healable polymers†
Authors: Wang Siyang , Urban Marek W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis short review outlines basic chemical and physical principles that can be utilized in the development of self‐healing polymers. Physical processes include the interdiffusion of polymer chains, the introduction of phase‐separated morphologies, shape memory effects or incorporating active nanoparticles into a polymer matrix. Dynamic covalent, free radical or supramolecular bonds are predominantly chemical processes. However, self‐healing will also involve a combination of physical and chemical events, such as taking advantage of enhanced van der Waals forces resulting in inter‐digitated copolymer morphologies or embedded reactive encapsulated fluids that burst open upon damage to fill up a wound. Sufficient molecular mobility for autonomous self‐healing under ambient conditions can also be achieved while maintaining high strength and stiffness in precisely designed commodity polymers. The efficient storage and recovery of conformational entropic energy stored during damage or excess of surface energy resulting from damage will drive the reduction of newly generated interfaces created upon damage by shallowing and widening wounds until healed. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Marine mollusc extracts—Potential source of SARS‐CoV‐2 antivirals
Authors: Pedler Rebecca L. , Speck Peter G. 
Published: November 2021

SummarySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a novel human coronavirus and the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19). There is an urgent need for effective antivirals to treat current Covid‐19 cases and protect those unable to be vaccinated against SARS‐CoV‐2. Marine molluscs live in an environment containing high virus densities (>107 virus particles per ml), and there are an estimated 100,000 species in the phylum Mollusca, demonstrating the success of their innate immune system. Mollusc‐derived antivirals are yet to be used clinically despite the activity of many extracts, including against human viruses, being demonstrated in vitro. Hemolymph of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) has in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus and human adenovirus, while antiviral action against SARS‐CoV‐2 has been proposed by in silico studies. Such evidence suggests that molluscs, and in particular C. gigas hemolymph, may represent a source of antivirals for human coronaviruses.
Multiple imputation procedures for estimating causal effects with multiple treatments with application to the comparison of healthcare providers
Authors: Silva Gabriella C. , Gutman Roee 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChoosing between multiple healthcare providers requires us to simultaneously compare the expected outcomes under each provider. This comparison is complex because the composition of patients treated by each provider may differ. Similar issues arise when simultaneously comparing the adverse effects of interventions using non‐randomized data. To simultaneously estimate the effects of multiple providers/interventions we propose procedures that explicitly impute the set of potential outcomes for each subject. The procedures are based on different specifications of the generalized additive models (GAM) and the Bayesian additive regression trees (BART). We compare the performance of the proposed procedures to previously proposed matching and weighting procedures using an extensive simulation study for continuous outcomes. Our simulations show that when the distributions of the covariates across treatment groups have adequate overlap, the multiple imputation procedures based on separate BART or GAM models in each treatment group are generally superior to weighting based methods and have similar and sometimes better performance than matching on the logit of the generalized propensity score. Another advantage of these multiple imputation procedures is the ability to provide point and interval estimates to a wide range of causal effect estimands. We apply the proposed procedures to comparing multiple nursing homes in Massachusetts for readmission outcomes. The proposed approach can be applied to other causal effects applications with multiple treatments.
Covalent‐Organic Framework Composites: A Review Report on Synthesis Methods
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Kulkarni Vihangraj V. , Jangir Ritambhara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, Covalent‐Organic Frameworks (COFs) are deemed to be the utmost trending and leading materials worldwide, counting on their highly porous nature and phenomenal thermodynamic stability. Owing to a highly ordered organic network having diverse strong covalent linkages, these materials have elucidated their suitability in photoelectricity, drug delivery, semiconductors, gas storage and separation, emission, proton conduction, catalysis, etc. To add on the functionality, these materials are been coupled with other functional materials to amalgamate COFs composites. Such COFs composites offer countless opportunities for valuable applications. Herein, in this review we report and underpin the existing synthesis methods for COFs and their composites along with their analytical applications in various fields with special reference to separation and sensing. A conclusive discussion on their future perspectives and challenges is made to benefit the readers.
A Facile Liquid‐Phase, Solvent‐Dependent Exfoliation of Large Scale MoS2 Nanosheets and Study of Their Photoconductive Behaviour for UV‐Photodetector Application
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Kumar Ashish , Kumari Reena , Garg Preeti , Umapathy G. , Laisharm Radhapiyari , Ojha Sunil , Srivastava Ritu , Sinha Om Prakash 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional MoS2 can be used for various electronic and optoelectronic applications due to its atomically thin structure and high surface area. Keeping such applications in mind, we report, the role of different solvent in the synthesis of 2D‐MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) via liquid‐phase exfoliation method, and these nanosheets are further studied for photodetector application. Bulk MoS2 powder has been exfoliated in various solvents like deionized water (DI), 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (DCB), dimethylformamide (DMF), and N‐methyl‐pyrrolidone (NMP). The structural and optical properties of samples have been investigated. From the structural analysis, it has been found that MoS2 NSs have lateral dimensions in micron and are few nanometer thick. These NSs are single plane oriented with a 2H phase, which have semiconducting nature. The optical properties of MoS2 NSs have been studied by UV‐Visible absorption spectroscopy, and it is found that the optical band gap has been varied between 1.62 eV to 1.78 eV. The photoresponse of these synthesized NSs has been studied and found that NSs exfoliated in DMF and NMP show better photoresponse.
N‐Sulfanylimides as the Sulfur Source for Alkyl Allenyl Sulfoxides via [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Riddell Adam B. , Michalski Michelle M. , Snowdon Monika R. , Hirst Mark J. , Schwan Adrian L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSulfenyl chlorides are a reliable starting material to access allenyl sulfoxides with aryl or haloalkyl groups by way of sulfenate ester formation followed by [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement. Application of the chemistry of alkanesulfenyl chlorides is much less common due to competing fates along the reaction pathway. In this paper, N‐sulfanylsuccimides (thiosuccinimides) are shown to be a viable replacement for sulfenyl chlorides. A number of allenyl alkyl sulfoxides are prepared in fair to good yields (21–73 %, 21 examples). In addition, some butyn‐1,4‐diols can be selectively monofunctionalized to form allenyl sulfoxides (26–71 %) with a hydroxyalkyl group geminal to the sulfur. Butynediols also permit synthetic access to dienes via successive sulfenate ester formation and [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement reactions. N‐2‐Trimethylsilylethylthosucinimides were among the highest yielding of the thioimides.
Red‐Green‐Blue‐Yellow (RGBY) Magnetic Circularly Polarised Luminescence (MCPL) from Optically Inactive Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes
Authors: Kitahara Maho , Suzuki Seika , Matsudaira Kana , Yagi Shigeyuki , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe development of phosphorescent organometallic molecules, capable of full‐colour circularly polarised luminescence with a controlled polarised sign in the absence of any chiral chemical influences, presents a significant scientific and engineering challenge. The current study describes the first red‐green‐blue‐yellow (RGBY) coloured, nearly mirror‐image magnetic circularly polarised luminescence (MCPL) in dimethyl sulfoxide and dichloromethane, from four optically inactive Iridium(III) complexes viz. Ir(III)(piq)3, Ir(III)(ppy)3, Ir(III)(F2‐ppy)2(pic), and Ir(III)(BT)2(acac), bearing achiral organic cyclometalated and ancillary ligands. The absolute value of the anisotropy factors, |gMCPL|, ranging from 0.9×10−3 to 2.5×10−3 in the presence of an external 1.6 T magnetic field was nearly identical to the enantiomerically pure Iridium (III) complexes at zero‐magnetic fields. Unexpectedly, when the same north‐up/south‐up Faraday geometries were used, the MCPL signs were inverted due to the achiral ligands.
Research on Heating Zone Length of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites 3D Printing Nozzle
Authors: Wang Yesong , Wang Qing , Kong Dekun , Liu Jiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the development of 3D printing, continuous fiber reinforced composite (CFRTP C) 3D printing has received widespread attention. The print head is critical to distinguish between different components of the printing material. The printing nozzle is the key of CFRTPC 3D printing nozzle. Based on the “independent extrusion” type CFRTPC 3D printing, this paper studies the length of the heating zone of the continuous fiber reinforced filament (CFRF) printing nozzle. The research results show that when the CFRF printing speed is 300 mm/min, taking CFRF/PLA as an example, the effective heating zone length of the printing nozzle is between 2.62–5.45 mm, and the printing temperature range is between 204–234°C. Comprehensive consideration, the optimal printing zone length is 3.6 mm and the optimal printing temperature is 220 °C. The research of this paper is of great significance to the rapid development of CFRTPC 3D printer.
Recent Advances on Host–Guest Material Systems toward Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Yan Xi , Peng Hao , Xiang Yuan , Wang Juan , Yu Lan , Tao Ye , Li Huanhuan , Huang Wei , Chen Runfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe design and characterization of purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials for optoelectronic applications is currently the focus of research in the field of organic electronics. Particularly, with the merits of preparation controllability and modulation flexibility, host–guest material systems are encouraging candidates that can prepare high‐performance RTP materials. By regulating the interaction between host and guest molecules, it can effectively control the quantum efficiency, luminescent lifetime, and color of host–guest RTP materials, and even produce RTP emission with stimuli‐responsive features, holding tremendous potential in diverse applications such as encryption and anti‐counterfeiting, organic light‐emitting diodes, sensing, optical recording, etc. Here a roundup of rapid achievement in construction strategies, molecule systems, and diversity of applications of host–guest material systems is outlined. Intrinsic correlations between the molecular properties and a survey of recent significant advances in the development of host–guest RTP materials divided into three systems including rigid matrix, exciplex, and sensitization are presented. Providing an insightful understanding of host–guest RTP materials and offering a promising platform for high throughput screening of RTP systems with inherent advantages of simple material preparation, low‐cost, versatile resource, and controllably modulated properties for a wide range of applications is intended.
Historical racial exclusion from board membership at the Southern Economic Association, Western Economic Association International, Midwest Economics Association, and Eastern Economic Association and their affiliated journals
Authors: Hoover Gary A. , Williams Miesha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research observes the dearth of Black economists who have ever held positions in the leadership of the Eastern Economic Association, the Southern Economic Association, the Midwest Economics Association, or the Western Economic Association International. It also records the number of Black economists to ever hold positions of editor or be members of the editorial boards of the Eastern Economic Journal, the Southern Economic Journal, Contemporary Economic Policy, the Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, or Economic Inquiry. Since the creation of the four regional economic associations and their affiliated journals until 2020, the authors estimate that there were over 6800 board positions available. To date, only 17 have ever been filled by Black scholars.
A Sociocultural Approach to Children’s Visual Creations
Authors: Lähdesmäki Tuuli , Baranova Jūratė , Ylönen Susanne C. , Koistinen Aino-Kaisa , Mäkinen Katja , Juškiene Vaiva , Zaleskiene Irena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter locates the book within the research on children’s art. It explores interpretations of children’s visual creations throughout the twentieth century and situates the approach of the book within the research landscape. The authors take developmental psychological, educational, and aesthetic approaches to form a sociocultural view of children’s art, challenging many of the previous research assumptions. Through adopting the paradigm of the sociocultural approach, the authors embrace its view of children as competent cultural actors and active participants in cultural production. Thus, the discussion focuses on meaning-making: the authors analyze visual artifacts made by students to understand how they engage with the idea of the difference.
Visualizing Social and Behavior Change due to the Outbreak of COVID-19 Using Mobile Phone Location Data
Authors: Mizuno Takayuki , Ohnishi Takaaki , Watanabe Tsutomu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe visualize the rates of stay-home for residents by region using the difference between day-time and night-time populations to detect residential areas, and then observing the numbers of people leaving residential areas. There are issues with measuring stay-home rates by observing numbers of people visiting downtown areas, such as central urban shopping centers and major train stations. The first is that we cannot eliminate the possibility that people will avoid areas being observed and go to other areas. The second is that for people visiting downtown areas, we cannot know where they reside. These issues can be resolved if we quantify the degree of stay-home using the number of people leaving residential areas. There are significant differences in stay-home levels by region throughout Japan. By this visualization, residents of each region can see whether their level of stay-home is adequate or not, and this can provide incentive toward compliance suited to the residents of the region.
Direct comparison of contralateral bias and face/scene selectivity in human occipitotemporal cortex
Authors: Silson Edward H. , Groen Iris I. A. , Baker Chris I. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHuman visual cortex is organised broadly according to two major principles: retinotopy (the spatial mapping of the retina in cortex) and category-selectivity (preferential responses to specific categories of stimuli). Historically, these principles were considered anatomically separate, with retinotopy restricted to the occipital cortex and category-selectivity emerging in the lateral-occipital and ventral-temporal cortex. However, recent studies show that category-selective regions exhibit systematic retinotopic biases, for example exhibiting stronger activation for stimuli presented in the contra- compared to the ipsilateral visual field. It is unclear, however, whether responses within category-selective regions are more strongly driven by retinotopic location or by category preference, and if there are systematic differences between category-selective regions in the relative strengths of these preferences. Here, we directly compare contralateral and category preferences by measuring fMRI responses to scene and face stimuli presented in the left or right visual field and computing two bias indices: a contralateral bias (response to the contralateral minus ipsilateral visual field) and a face/scene bias (preferred response to scenes compared to faces, or vice versa). We compare these biases within and between scene- and face-selective regions and across the lateral and ventral surfaces of the visual cortex more broadly. We find an interaction between surface and bias: lateral surface regions show a stronger contralateral than face/scene bias, whilst ventral surface regions show the opposite. These effects are robust across and within subjects, and appear to reflect large-scale, smoothly varying gradients. Together, these findings support distinct functional roles for the lateral and ventral visual cortex in terms of the relative importance of the spatial location of stimuli during visual information processing.
An Arbitrary-Order Discrete de Rham Complex on Polyhedral Meshes: Exactness, Poincaré Inequalities, and Consistency
Authors: Di Pietro Daniele A. , Droniou Jérôme 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel arbitrary-order discrete de Rham (DDR) complex on general polyhedral meshes based on the decomposition of polynomial spaces into ranges of vector calculus operators and complements linked to the spaces in the Koszul complex. The DDR complex is fully discrete, meaning that both the spaces and discrete calculus operators are replaced by discrete counterparts, and satisfies suitable exactness properties depending on the topology of the domain. In conjunction with bespoke discrete counterparts of $$\text {L}^2$$

L
2

-products, it can be used to design schemes for partial differential equations that benefit from the exactness of the sequence but, unlike classical (e.g., Raviart–Thomas–Nédélec) finite elements, are nonconforming. We prove a complete panel of results for the analysis of such schemes: exactness properties, uniform Poincaré inequalities, as well as primal and adjoint consistency. We also show how this DDR complex enables the design of a numerical scheme for a magnetostatics problem, and use the aforementioned results to prove stability and optimal error estimates for this scheme.
Machine Learning for Health: Algorithm Auditing & Quality Control
Authors: Oala Luis , Murchison Andrew G. , Balachandran Pradeep , Choudhary Shruti , Fehr Jana , Leite Alixandro Werneck , Goldschmidt Peter G. , Johner Christian , Schörverth Elora D. M. , Nakasi Rose , Meyer Martin , Cabitza Federico , Baird Pat , Prabhu Carolin , Weicken Eva , Liu Xiaoxuan , Wenzel Markus , Vogler Steffen , Akogo Darlington , Alsalamah Shada , Kazim Emre , Koshiyama Adriano , Piechottka Sven , Macpherson Sheena , Shadforth Ian , Geierhofer Regina , Matek Christian , Krois Joachim , Sanguinetti Bruno , Arentz Matthew , Bielik Pavol , Calderon-Ramirez Saul , Abbood Auss , Langer Nicolas , Haufe Stefan , Kherif Ferath , Pujari Sameer , Samek Wojciech , Wiegand Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDevelopers proposing new machine learning for health (ML4H) tools often pledge to match or even surpass the performance of existing tools, yet the reality is usually more complicated. Reliable deployment of ML4H to the real world is challenging as examples from diabetic retinopathy or Covid-19 screening show. We envision an integrated framework of algorithm auditing and quality control that provides a path towards the effective and reliable application of ML systems in healthcare. In this editorial, we give a summary of ongoing work towards that vision and announce a call for participation to the special issue Machine Learning for Health: Algorithm Auditing & Quality Control in this journal to advance the practice of ML4H auditing.