bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registered Nurse Students: Academic Admission and Progression
Authors: Kroll Claudia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Review of the literature reveals no current studies on predictors of registered nurse success in baccalaureate programs. This retrospective study investigated the relationship between preadmission variables for RNs (grade point average [GPA] in previous course work, year of birth, and number of years of full-time or part-time work prior to admission) and subsequent achievement in a baccalaureate nursing program. Eighty-one RNs, of which 65 completed the program, were the sample for this study.
Predictions of success for the study were determined by program completion and final nursing GPA (NGPA). Factor analysis of the variables revealed that RNs who passed all challenge exams had significantly higher mean NGPAs than RNs who did not pass all challenges. Also, RNs who had not received a D in previous course work at the time of enrollment had significantly higher NGPAs than RNs who had received a D. The data found significant in this study can be useful to faculty admission committees in attempting to predict RN success in baccalaureate programs. It can also be helpful in promoting successful outcomes for RNs in generic programs.
Posters as an Educational Strategy
Authors: Duchin Sally , Sherwood Gwen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Posters are visual aids that are well suited to use as independent sources of information or as support for other presentation formats. By design, the message displayed is brief, constant, and interactive with the viewer. Guidelines for developing a poster include careful delineation of content, knowledge of audience needs, and the environment or setting for the poster. The application of basic design elements, such as simplicity of composition, attractive color combinations, and tide spacings, results in a presentation mode that is both attracting and lingering.
Walking Around the Elephant: A Critical-Thinking Strategy for Decision Making
Authors: Case Bette 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The parable of the blind men and the elephant provides a metaphor for emphasizing important characteristics of critical thinking and strategies for decision making. The article describes critical thinking as a process and cognitive skill that functions in identifying and defining problems and opportunities for improvement; generating, examining and evaluating options; reaching conclusions and decisions, and creating and using criteria to evaluate decisions. Critical thinking improves the quality of professional and personal decisions. Critical thinking also contributes to the effectiveness of group decision making by creating synergy and collaboration.
The article presents evidence of the crucial nature of critical thinking in nursing practice, management, and executive roles, and in the practice of continuing education and staff development. The article identifies and develops the major defining characteristics of critical thinking. Illustrating the characteristics in practical examples, the article suggests ways to foster critical thinking for ourselves, with our learners, with managers, and with our colleagues.
The Effects of Attrition on Implementing and Evaluating a Mental Health Continuing Education Program for Nursing Personnel in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Kreiter Clarence D , Albanese Mark A , Buckwalter Kathleen C , Smith Marianne , Garand Linda 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Background: The effects of attrition on a continuing education program for nursing personnel within long-term care facilities are described.
Methods: Allowing flexible participation can enhance the impact of a continuing education program designed for paraprofessional staff. Increasing the number of nursing staff who experience only a portion of the training has implications for the instructional design and the evaluation. Recommendations to improve accommodation of staff and enhance dissemination of training are offered as well as appropriate evaluation techniques.
Conclusion: Self-contained short units of instruction allow those with minimal time to benefit from the training. Effective evaluation requires special sampling and measurement strategies. Cross-sectional methods make good use of training resources but usually yield measurable changes only in lower-level program objectives.
PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURE IN CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: Lee Casey K , Hansen Harold T , Weiss Andrew B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Little has been written in the literature concerning the pathological fracture of the long bones in chronic osteomyelitis, although it has been thought to be not uncommon in practice.
Authors present five cases of pathological fractures of the long bones as a complication of chronic osteomyelitis. Three fractures occurred in tibiae and two in femurs. Two tibial fractures were treated by amputation surgery, and one tibial and two femoral fractures healed after systemic and local treatments. A most important factor affecting fracture healing of the pathological fracture is the condition of surrounding soft tissues.
Southern Hip Exposure
Authors: Hunter Stephen C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: The efficacy of the posterior approach to the hip was analyzed in a retrospective study of 168 consecutive procedures performed by the author. Surgical technique is redefined historically and described in detail. Results are studied in two subgroups of hip surgery patients: endoprosthetic replacement (98) and total joint replacement (70). The factors evaluated were surgical time and blood loss, morbidity (dislocation, infection, pain, and limp), mortality, and complications of surgery.
The posterior approach to the hip allowed excellent exposure without transecting tissue planes and creating dead spaces. Operative time averaged less than one hour for all cases, and blood loss, less than 500 cc. The four dislocations that occurred postoperatively were in patients with pre-existing flexion contractures. One superficial infection was noted but there was no increase in morbidity due to pain, limp, or loss of motion. Two total joint replacements were complicated by hematoma formation but occurred in patients who had extensive capsule resection and acetabuloplasty.
Excellent and rapid exposure with minimal soft tissue destruction or blood loss coupled with few postoperative complications should encourage orthopedic surgeons to include the posterior approach in their treatment of hip problems.
Comparison of Ceforanide and Cephalothin Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Soave Rosemary , Hirsch Judith C , Salvati Eduardo A , Brause Barry D , Roberts Richard B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: One hundred one patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive either two 1 gm doses of ceforanide or five doses of cephalothin perioperatively. Simultaneous plasma and cancellous bone specimens were obtained intraoperatively and assayed for antibiotic concentration.
Ceforanide plasma and bone levels remained sustained over six hours. Cephalothin plasma and bone levels obtained three to four hours post administration were 91% lower than levels obtained one hour post-dose. Patients were examined for infection for up to 18 months following surgery. None of the patients developed an infected implant. The sustained plasma and bone levels achieved with ceforanide obviate the need for intraoperative dosing necessary with other agents.
POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE-ANTIBLASTIC DRUG COMPOUNDS: AN IN VITRO STUDY ASSESSING THE CYTOTOXIC EFFECT IN CANCER CELL LINES-A NEW METHOD FOR LOCAL CHEMOTHERAPY OF BONE METASTASIS
Authors: Greco Francesco , de Palma Luigi , Specchia Nicola , Jacobelli Stefano , Gaggini Cristiana 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An in vitro study was performed assessing the pharmacologic properties of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-antiblastic agent (doxorubicine and cisplatinum) mixtures in normal and neoplastic cell lines cultures. The study's aim was to analyze the polymerization capacity of PMMA in the presence of doxorubicine and cisplatinum, the release of drug from the mixture, the kinetics of release, and the effect of the released drugs in normal and neoplastic cell cultures. Our data show that even at high concentrations neither doxorubicine nor cisplatinum inhibit the polymerization of PMMA. Moreover, mixtures in vitro can release the antiblastic drug which maintains its pharmacologic activity on sensitive neoplastic cells. Therefore, the PMMAantiblastic drug mixtures, along with current anti-cancer therapy (systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy), may provide better local control of the metastatic lesion and of some bone tumors.
UNILATERAL FACET DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURE-DISLOCATIONS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE: A REVIEW
Authors: Beyer Craig A , Cabanela Miguel E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Unilateral facet dislocations or fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine constitute an important subgroup of cervical spine injuries. According to the literature, the diagnosis of this entity is often missed and the treatment is controversial. On the basis of our patient review, we conclude that operative intervention appears superior to nonoperative treatment of these injuries. Nonoperative management is often fraught with inability to obtain and maintain anatomic reduction and, in addition, late pain and instability frequently ensue. Alternatively, operative intervention provides the greatest probability for achieving and maintaining anatomic reduction and appears to eliminate chances of late symptoms.
LOW LUMBAR BURST FRACTURES: COMPARISON BETWEEN CONSERVATIVE AND SURGICAL TREATMENTS
Authors: An Howard S , Simpson J Michael , Ebraheim Nabil A , Jackson W Thomas , Moore Joseph , O'Malley Neil P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-two low lumbar burst fractures (L3-L5) were treated, with an average follow up of 56.2 and 39.0 months in the conservative and surgically treated groups, respectively. Twenty patients were available for review; seven were treated conservatively and 13 were stabilized surgically. All patients were evaluated clinically for work status, activity level, residual pain, and subsequent development of neurologic symptoms. Roentgenograms were reviewed for severity of initial fracture, canal compromise, and maintenance of initial correction. In general, neurologically intact patients in both groups returned to similar postinjury employment levels. Persistent back pain was found to be more disabling in the surgically treated group, in which a fusion incorporating four or five lumbar segments was performed. There was no evidence of significant loss of initial reduction, and no patients experienced late neurological compromise in the surgical group. An average follow-up kyphosis of 9.2° and 31% loss of vertebral height were observed in the conservative group, while a follow-up lordosis of 1° and 19% loss of vertebral height were observed in the surgical group. Conservative treatment of low lumbar burst fracture is a viable option in neurologically intact patients, but loss of lordosis and vertebral height may persist. Biomechanical and anatomic characteristics of the low lumbar spine differ from the thoracolumbar region and may account for the inherent stability of these injuries. If surgery is chosen, a long fusion with distraction instrumentation should be avoided in the low lumbar spine. A short rigid fixation with pedicular instrumentation may be of greater benefit.
PHYSEAL INJURIES OF THE DISTAL HUMERUS
Authors: Peterson Hamlet A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Physeal injuries of the distal humerus comprise approximately 10% of all physeal injuries. Diagnosis of these injuries at a young age before the ossification centers have ossified and become visible radiographically is difficult. Poor outcome of distal humeral physeal injuries is not uncommon and can be best prevented by knowledge of anatomy and the use of all appropriate imaging techniques. The focus of this article is to correlate anatomy at different ages with the occurrence of specific injuries.
SPINAL CORD INJURY OCCURRING IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: A MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Apple David F , Anson Carol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Treatment of spinal fractures causing paralysis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is difficult. A multicenter concurrent study evaluated 59 patients-22 managed operatively and 37 nonoperatively. The two groups were compared for neurologic outcome, complications, mortality, and length of stay. The results indicated that patients in the nonoperative group had a significantly shorter length of stay and, therefore, a significantly lower cost of care. No other differences between operative and nonoperative groups were identified in regard to other outcome variables. Results of descriptive analyses of patient characteristics and treatment choices have significant implications for practitioners.
Follow up on Uncemented Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Fanning John W , Joseph James , Kaufman Eugene E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Follow up data on 42 uncemented total knee arthroplasty patients were examined at an average follow-up period of 5 to 7 years. The prosthetic components were examined clinically using the modified Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating system and radiographicalIy using fluoroscopically guided radiographs. When compared to the preliminary report, the knee rating score dropped from an average of 94 to 78, with most of the poor results due to patellar failure requiring revision. As in our preliminary study, complications centered on the metal-backed patellar component. Revision of the patellar component was required in 1 9 of 42 knees (45%). Three of 42 (7%) tibial components required revision, and 2 of 42 (5%) femoral components were revised. Interface lucencies were examined and changes were documented. Other complications included osteolysis in 4 of 42 (1 0%), bent patellar component in 3 of 42 (7%), and loose titanium mesh (5%).
Open vs Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Gibbs Karen E , Rand William , Ruby Leonard K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We examined a consecutive group of patients who had undergone either open (34 patients) or single portal endoscopic (12 patients) carpal tunnel release performed by one surgeon over a period of 3 years. Fiftyseven total procedures were performed. There were no operative complications. Retrospective evaluation was done by questionnaire. We were unable to demonstrate any statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of return to work, return to activities of daily living, or on a symptom severity scale.
Repair of Soft Tissue to Bone Using a Biodegradable Suture Anchor
Authors: Ono Kozo , Williams Gerald R , Clem Michael , Chong James Lee , Wirth Michael A , Aufdemorte Thomas B , Groh Gordon I , Rockwood Charles A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The medial collateral ligaments of 1 8 New Zealand rabbits were surgically detached from bone. In one knee, the ligament was repaired using a biodegradable suture anchor composed of a co-polymer of lactic and glycolic acid. The contralateral medial collateral ligament was not repaired. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 1 2 weeks after the operation, and the knee that had the ligament repair was compared with the contralateral control knee. All knees were tested manually tested for stability to valgus stress and then prepared for histologic examination. Medial collateral ligaments repaired using the biodegradable suture anchor demonstrated stability to valgus stress and anatomic healing at the bone-tendon junction. Resorption of the implant was virtually complete by 1 2 weeks. All specimens demonstrated less inflammatory reaction to the suture anchor than to the attached Vicryl suture. This contrasts with the control group, which was grossly unstable and demonstrated scarring in this nonanatomic position. These results demonstrate efficacy of this particular material of biodegradable implant and justify further investigative efforts.
Ceramics for Total Hip Replacement - What a Surgeon Should Know
Authors: Willmann Gerd 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTNumerous clinical results reported in the literature prove that ceramic femoral heads reduce wear, osteolysis, and revision rates in total hip replacements (THRs). Femoral heads and cups made out of alumina ceramics were introduced about 25 years ago, and femoral heads made out of zirconia were introduced about 10 years ago. Today, the wear couples of alumina-on-polyethylene or zirconia-on-polyethylene have become the standard in THR. The wear couple offering the lowest wear rate is alumina-on-alumina. This article discusses the state of the art and lists advantages as well as problems with the various materials used for prostheses in THR.
Revision Arthroplasty of Femoral Cortex Defect Using a Noncemented Stem, Mennen Plate, and Bone Graft
Authors: Kligman M , Othrimski I , Roffman M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twelve patients who underwent total hip replacement complicated by aseptic loosening with severe bone loss were included in this study. Two patients had aseptic loosening of the second revision, six of the third revision, and the remaining four patients of the fourth revision total hip replacement. In all patients, the radiographs revealed an extremely thin cortex around the stem of the prosthesis and almost complete disappearance of one cortex. All patients were treated by revision total hip replacement in conjunction with Mennen plate fixation and allograft bone support. The allograft bone support included three cortical struts and nine massive bone grafts that used cement as a strew.
The results were satisfactory in 10 patients in respect to functional activity, pain and radiographic evaluation. In two patients who underwent their fifth revision, the results were unsatisfactory but better than before the operation. Mennen plate fixation provides a sufficient and easy technique for aseptic loosening of total hip replacement with severe bone loss. By preserving the periosteal blood supply, the time required for bone graft incorporation is shortened, resulting in an early final outcome.
Posterior Atlantoaxial Fixation: The Magerl Screw Technique
Authors: Silveri Christopher P , Vaccaro Alexander R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Atlantoaxial transarticular fixation is a proven stabilization technique used to augment conventional sublaminar fusion. Along with its superior biomechanicai profile comes the inherent risk of neurovascular injury and potential compromised fixation during its application. This article presents a detailed systematic guide to this procedure including preoperative evaluation, positioning, and the more subtle aspects of the surgical technique. A new instrumentation design that has enhanced the ease and accuracy of screw placement with less operative frustration and potential morbidity of previous systems also is presented.
Red Blood Cell Transfusion Practices in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: A Multi-Institutional Analysis
Authors: Audet A M , Andrzejewski C , Popovsky M A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This retrospective review analyzed and compared transfusion practices in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in five Massachusetts hospitals with current practice guidelines; opportunities for improvement were identified. Patient-specific clinical information and data about transfusion practices were obtained from the medical records of 384 Medicare patients undergoing orthopedic surgery between January 1992 and December 1993.
The number of patients who donated autologous blood preoperatively differed significantly among hospitals as did the number of autologous units that were unused. The number of blood units transfused at each transfusion event also differed significantly; some surgeons transfused ≥2 units in the majority of their patients, while others transfused 1 unit at a time. This variation in practice was not explained by differences in patients' clinical status. The mean pretransfusion hematocrit was higher for autologous versus allogeneic blood, suggesting more liberal criteria to transfuse autologous blood. Nearly half of all transfusion events were determined to have been potentially avoidable. Avoidable transfusions were also three to seven times more likely with autologous than with allogeneic blood.
Significant inter-hospital differences existed in the number of elective surgery patients exposed to allogeneic blood. The major determinant of allogeneic blood use in these patients was the availability of autologous blood. Each additional autologous blood unit available decreased the odds of allogeneic blood exposure twofold. Differences in intraoperative and postoperative blood salvage use also were noted. These findings indicate that significant variations in practice exist. Comparative data enabled hospitals to identify and target specific areas for improvement.
Cervical Facet Dislocation: Management Following Delayed Diagnosis
Authors: Kahn Anthony , Leggon Robert , Lindsey Ronald W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examined the influence of early versus late initial presentation of patients with cervical spine facet dislocation on presentation, neurologic deficit, and the success of closed reduction. Thirty-four patients were studied, and approximately 35% presented at least 72 hours following their injury. Compared with patients who presented early, this late group demonstrated less neurologic deficit, and closed reduction was less likely to be successful. These findings suggest that a distinction should exist in the management algorithm between early versus late presentation of cervical facet dislocation.
The Role of Fixation of the Fibula in Open Fractures of the Tibial Shaft With Fractures of the Ipsilateral Fibula: Indications and Outcomes
Authors: Whorton Adrian M , Henley M Bradford 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To determine the indications for fibular fixation in cases of combined fractures of the tibia and fibula and the effect of fibular fixation on tibial healing, a retrospective study of open fractures of the tibial shaft with concomitant fibula fractures was conducted at a level one trauma center. Apparent indications for fibular fixation included the presence of a syndesmotic injury and location of fracture within the distal third of the fibula. No significant differences were found in the healing rates, incidence of nonunion and malalignment, or in the number of required subsequent procedures between patients who did and did not undergo fibular stabilization. These results suggest that fixation of the fibula in open fractures of the tibia and fibula has no effect on fracture healing or alignment. A randomized, prospective study is needed to properly validate these findings.