bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience of human settlements against landslide risk: The case of Kurdistan Province, Iran
Authors: Khezri Saeed , Ahmadi Dehrashid Atefeh , Bijani Masoud , Valizadeh Naser , Nasrollahizadeh Bahram , Izadi Farnaz , Ahmadi Dehrashid Hossein , Azadi Hossein , Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the problems and challenges facing the resilience of landslide areas using the strategic approach of futures studies (futurology) and its scenarios. Methodologically, this study is novel as it applied the mixed‐method (qualitative‐quantitative) analysis based on the futures studies approach to explore the efficient resilience scenarios of human settlements against landslide risks in the Kurdistan Province, Iran. This study is original and innovative in terms of thematic aspects as it attempted to provide a new and practical approach to identify the degree of resilience and challenges in the framework of strategic planning in the short, medium, and long terms. The findings of the qualitative phase showed that the most efficient scenario for improving the resilience of human settlements is the preparation scenario. The results of the quantitative phase revealed that the identified propellants for this scenario included improving organizational integrity and crisis management, organizational communication, increasing local institutions and community participation, improving insurance coverage, increasing the education and skills of people against landslide risks, zoning and characterizing high‐risk areas, balanced distribution of services at the regional level, and increasing convenient access to transport networks during the crisis. Considering that crisis management before the occurrence of risk is unsuitable for Iran, therefore, identifying the bottlenecks and challenges facing crisis management using a futures studies approach can be an important step to provide affective programmes to solve the problems and predict the impacts of the natural hazards.
Biallelic AOPEP Loss‐of‐Function Variants Cause Progressive Dystonia with Prominent Limb Involvement
Authors: Zech Michael , Kumar Kishore R. , Reining Sophie , Reunert Janine , Tchan Michel , Riley Lisa G. , Drew Alexander P. , Adam Robert J. , Berutti Riccardo , Biskup Saskia , Derive Nicolas , Bakhtiari Somayeh , Jin Sheng Chih , Kruer Michael C. , Bardakjian Tanya , Gonzalez‐Alegre Pedro , Keller Sarmiento Ignacio J. , Mencacci Niccolo E. , Lubbe Steven J. , Kurian Manju A. , Clot Fabienne , Méneret Aurélie , de Sainte Agathe Jean‐Madeleine , Fung Victor S.C. , Vidailhet Marie , Baumann Matthias , Marquardt Thorsten , Winkelmann Juliane , Boesch Sylvia 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundMonogenic causes of isolated dystonia are heterogeneous. Assembling cohorts of affected individuals sufficiently large to establish new gene–disease relationships can be challenging.ObjectiveWe sought to expand the catalogue of monogenic etiologies for isolated dystonia.MethodsAfter the discovery of a candidate variant in a multicenter exome‐sequenced cohort of affected individuals with dystonia, we queried online platforms and genomic data repositories worldwide to identify subjects with matching genotypic profiles.ResultsSeven different biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in AOPEP were detected in five probands from four unrelated families with strongly overlapping phenotypes. In one proband, we observed a homozygous nonsense variant (c.1477C>T [p.Arg493*]). A second proband harbored compound heterozygous nonsense variants (c.763C>T [p.Arg255*]; c.777G>A [p.Trp259*]), whereas a third proband possessed a frameshift variant (c.696_697delAG [p.Ala234Serfs*5]) in trans with a splice‐disrupting alteration (c.2041‐1G>A). Two probands (siblings) from a fourth family shared compound heterozygous frameshift alleles (c.1215delT [p.Val406Cysfs*14]; c.1744delA [p.Met582Cysfs*6]). All variants were rare and expected to result in truncated proteins devoid of functionally important amino acid sequence. AOPEP, widely expressed in developing and adult human brain, encodes a zinc‐dependent aminopeptidase, a member of a class of proteolytic enzymes implicated in synaptogenesis and neural maintenance. The probands presented with disabling progressive dystonia predominantly affecting upper and lower extremities, with variable involvement of craniocervical muscles. Dystonia was unaccompanied by any additional symptoms in three families, whereas the fourth family presented co‐occurring late‐onset parkinsonism.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a likely causative role of predicted inactivating biallelic AOPEP variants in cases of autosomal recessive dystonia. Additional studies are warranted to understand the pathophysiology associated with loss‐of‐function variation in AOPEP. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Synthesis and Antiprotozoal Profile of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Isoxazoles
Authors: Rosa Fernanda Andreia , Mendes de Souza Melo Samara , Pianoski Karlos Eduardo , Poletto Julia , dos Santos Mariellen Guilherme , da Silva Michael Jackson Vieira , Lazarin‐Bidóia Danielle , Volpato Hélito , Moura Sidnei , Nakamura Celso Vataru 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Fernanda Andreia Rosa at the State University of Maringá (Brazil). The cover picture shows the contribution of the SINTHET research group to the synthesis and discovery of new antiprotozoal compounds. The synthetic methodology allowed the construction of 60 new isoxazole derivatives with structural variations on the 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐positions. The authors acknowledge Ms. Jeniffer do Nascimento Ascencio Camargo and Ms. Julia Caroline Manzano Willig for the Cover picture creation. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.202100141.
Speech‐language pathology approaches to neurorehabilitation in acute care during COVID‐19: Capitalizing on neuroplasticity
Authors: Langton‐Frost Nicole , Brodsky Martin B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNeurologic manifestations associated with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diagnosis are common and often occur in severe and critically ill patients. In these patients, the neurologic symptoms are confounded by critical care conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients with dual diagnoses of COVID‐19 and neurologic changes such as myopathy, polyneuropathy, and stroke are likely at a higher risk of experiencing deficits with swallowing, communication, and/or cognition. Speech‐language pathologists are an integral part of both the critical care and neurologic disorders multi‐disciplinary teams, offering valuable contributions in the evaluation, treatment, and management of these areas. Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) who require mechanical ventilation often experience difficulty with communication and benefit from early speech‐language pathology intervention to identify the most efficient communication methods with the medical team and caregivers. Moreover, patients with neurologic manifestations may present with cognitive‐linguistic impairments such as aphasia, thereby increasing the need for communication‐based interventions. Difficulties with voice and swallowing after extubation are common, often requiring frequent treatment sessions, possibly persisting beyond ICU discharge. After leaving the ICU, patients with COVID‐19 often experience physical, cognitive, and mental health impairments collectively called post‐intensive care syndrome. This is often a lengthy road as they progress toward full recovery, requiring continued speech‐language pathology treatment after hospital discharge, capitalizing on the principles of neuroplasticity.
In‐hospital respiratory viral infections for patients with established BPD in the SARS‐CoV‐2 era
Authors: Kielt Matthew J. , Murphy Angela , Smathers Jodi , Bates MaLeah , Nelin Leif D. , Shepherd Edward G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to test the hypothesis that in‐hospital respiratory viral infections (RVI) would be significantly lower in a cohort of patients with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) exposed to a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection prevention protocol when compared to historical controls.Study DesignOn April 1, 2020, we implemented a universal infection prevention protocol to minimize the risk of nosocomial SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in a dedicated BPD intensive care unit. We performed a retrospective cohort study and included patients with established BPD, as defined by the 2019 Neonatal Research Network criteria, admitted to our center who underwent real‐time polymerase‐chain‐reaction RVI testing between January 1, 2015 and March 31, 2021. We excluded patients readmitted from home. We compared the proportion of positive tests to the number of tests performed and the distribution of viral respiratory pathogens in the pre‐ and post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 eras.ResultsAmong 176 patients included in the study, 663 RVI tests were performed and 172 (26%) tests were positive. The median number of tests performed, measured in tests per patient per month, in the SARS‐CoV‐2 era was not significantly different compared to the pre‐SARS‐CoV‐2 era (0.45 vs. 0.34 tests per patient per month, p = .07). The proportion of positive RVI tests was significantly lower in the SARS‐CoV‐2 era when compared to the pre‐SARS‐CoV‐2 era (0.06 vs. 0.30, p < .0001). No patients tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the SARS‐CoV‐2 era.ConclusionsInfection prevention measures developed in response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic may reduce the risk of RVIs in hospitalized patients with established BPD.
Two ferritins from Dermanyssus gallinae: characterization and in vivo assessment as protective antigens
Authors: Xu Xiaolin , Wang Chuanwen , Liu Qi , Huang Yu , Sun Weiwei , Pan Baoliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae is recognized worldwide as the most important bloodsucking ectoparasite in layer and breeder flocks. In bloodsucking ectoparasites, ferritins (FERs), the iron‐storage proteins, play a pivotal role in dealing with the challenge of large amounts of released iron during the digestion of blood meal. However, no information is available concerning FERs of D. gallinae. The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics, functions and the vaccine efficacy of FERs in D. gallinae.RESULTSTwo heavy‐chain FERs of D. gallinae were identified and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Dg‐FER1 may be a secretory FER and Dg‐FER2 an intracellular one. RNAi results demonstrated that Dg‐fers play key roles in mite survival, successful reproduction and blood digestion. Immunization with rDg‐FER1 or rDg‐FER2 successfully induced chickens to produce high levels of antigen‐specific IgY, resulting in a significant increase in mite mortality (by 58.67% on Day 5) and decreases in oviposition (by 42.15%) and fecundity (by 68.97%) in the rDg‐FER1 group, and a 13.73% increase in mite mortality and a 20.89% decrease in fecundity in the rDg‐FER1 group. The overall immunization efficacy of rDg‐FER1 was 93.51%.CONCLUSIONTwo Dg‐FERs are crucial to the survival, reproduction and blood digestion of D. gallinae. This study has provided preliminary evidence demonstrating the potential of rDg‐FER1 as a vaccine antigen for D. gallinae. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of the insecticide detoxification carboxylesterase Boest1 from Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Ding Qian , Xu Xiao , Sang Zitong , Wang Ruijie , Ullah Farman , Gao Xiwu , Song Dunlun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn insects, carboxylesterases (CarEs) are enzymes involved in the detoxification of insecticides. However, the molecular mechanism of CarE‐mediated insecticide metabolism in Bradysia odoriphaga, a serious agricultural pest, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the detoxification process of malathion, bifenthrin, and imidacloprid by B. odoriphaga carboxylesterase (Boest1).RESULTSAn alpha class CarE gene Boest1 was cloned from B. odoriphaga. The results of real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that Boest1 is up‐regulated with age during the larval stage, and the level of transcription of Boest1 is higher in the midgut and Malpighian tubule than in other tissues. The expression level of Boest1 was significantly increased after exposure to malathion and bifenthrin. Recombinant BoEST1 expressed in vitro showed high catalytic activity toward α‐naphthyl acetate, which was substantially inhibited by malathion and triphenyl phosphate. The in vitro metabolism assays showed that BoEST1 demonstrates hydrolytic capacity toward malathion and bifenthrin but not imidacloprid. The binding free energy analysis indicates that BoEST1 has a higher affinity for malathion and bifenthrin than imidacloprid.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that BoEST1 plays a role in the breakdown of insecticides and may be involved in the development of resistance in the Chinese chive pest B. odoriphaga; our findings also provide data for better pest management and perspectives for new pesticides development. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Atomic Fingerprinting of Heteroatoms Using Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Fan Dingxin , Chelikowsky James R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImmense strides have been made in increasing the resolution of scanning probe microscopy. Noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc‐AFM) now offers one the ability to characterize and visualize single molecules with subatomic resolution. Specifically, nc‐AFM with a carbon monoxide (CO) functionalized tip has the ability to discriminate functional groups (–CC–, –CH2, –CO, …), although discriminating atomic species often remains as an ongoing challenge. Here, real‐space pseudopotentials constructed within density functional theory are employed to accurately simulate nc‐AFM images of molecules containing heteroatoms (S, I, and N) within dibenzothiophene (DBT), 2‐iodotriphenylene (ITP), acridine (ACR) and ferrous phthalocyanine (FePc). It is found that S and I atoms can be easily identified from C based on their unique features. For N atoms, a use of tip functionalization is proposed to effectively discriminate them from C atoms.
Experimental investigations on the shear bearing behavior of prestressed ultra‐high performance fiber‐reinforced concrete beams with compact cross‐section
Authors: Metje Kevin , Leutbecher Torsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor ultra‐high performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams subjected to shear the bearing mechanisms differ significantly depending on the type of cross‐section. For I‐shaped cross‐section, existing models superimposing the contribution of concrete, prestressing, stirrups, and fibers were found to predict the shear bearing capacity appropriately. These models may, however, not be generally applicable. The aim of the present study is to investigate the shear bearing mechanisms for UHPFRC beams with compact cross‐section and, in particular, the influences of fiber volume fraction and prestressing on the development of the critical shear crack and the shear bearing capacity. This paper presents the experimental results of 22 three‐point test on 11 beams with varying fiber volume fraction and prestressing. It was found that increasing the fiber volume fraction increases the shear bearing capacity, but however, the benefit was less than proportional to the residual flexural tensile strength of UHPFRC. As expected, prestressing also affects the bearing capacity favorably.
Materials in constructed wetlands for wastewater remediation: A review
Authors: Patyal Vandana , Jaspal Dipika , Khare Kanchan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe wastewater treatment industry is constantly evolving to abate emerging contaminants and to meet stringent legislative requirements. The existing technologies need to be modified, or new innovative treatment techniques need to be developed to ensure environmental protection and secure sustainability in the future. Emphasis is mainly on nutrient recovery, energy‐efficient systems, zero waste generation, and environmentally friendly techniques. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have evolved as natural, eco‐friendly, economical, and low‐maintenance alternatives for wastewater remediation. These wetlands employ several materials as adsorbents for the treatment, commonly known as media/substrate. This review paper presents an assessment of various materials that can be used as substrates in CWs for the efficient removal of organic and non‐biodegradable pollutants in different types of wastewaters. The effect of pH, mineral composition, specific surface area, and porosity of various natural materials and agricultural and industrial wastes used as media in CWs for wastewater remediation was discussed. The study showed that different substrates like alum sludge, limestone, coal slags, rice husk, and sand had removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD): 71.8%–82%, total phosphorous (TP): 77%–80%, and total nitrogen (TN): 52%–82% for different types of wastewaters. It also highlights the challenges related to the long‐term sustainability of these materials.Practitioner points

Physicochemical characteristics influence the removal efficiency of the materials
Life of media is also important along with removal efficiency and cost
The sustainability of materials is very crucial for the overall performance of the system
Probing the Water Vapor Adsorption Properties of MIL‐101 Doped with Manganese
Authors: Liu Shang , Wu Ping , Zhang Shiping , Fu Guodong , Yan Dan , Han Xiaoli , Huai Xiulan , Xu Min 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe chemical heat pump system is a heat management system based on the steam cycle. Combining the heat pump material and porous material into a frame can improve the heat storage capacity of the system. Metal‐OrganicFrameworks (MOF) is a kind of porous material with high porosity and specific surface area. We selected MIL‐101 (Cr) and studied whether doping can improve its water vapor adsorption capacity. In the hydrothermal synthesis process, we added manganese nitrate and chromium nitrate with different molar ratios to prepare four kinds of doped samples with diverse manganese contents, which were characterized by SEM, nitrogen adsorption test, XRD, FTIR, Raman test, TG, and water vapor adsorption test. Compared with the undoped sample, the particle diameter of the doped sample was doubled, and the water vapor adsorption increased by 30 %. Our experiments show that doping manganese ions is an effective way to adjust particle size and increase adsorption capacity.
What Is ‘the Breath of Our Nostrils’? Ruach and Neshamah in John Donne’s 1622 Gunpowder Day Sermon
Authors: Gray Patrick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs King James I moved to censor Puritan opponents, he called upon John Donne to defend his policies from the pulpit. As text‚ then‚ for a sermon at St Paul’s, Donne chose Lamentations 4:20, a notorious crux. The Geneva Bible glosses ‘the anointed’ in this verse as a good king, Josiah; Calvin in his Institutes as a bad king, Zedekiah. The phrase ‘the breath of our nostrils’, an allusion to Genesis 2:7, introduces further complications. Is ‘breath’ here neshamah, nepesh, or ruach? pnoē, psychē, or pneuma? Drawing on fine distinctions between ‘breath,’ ‘soul’, and ‘spirit’ in the languages of Scripture, Donne crafts a defence of James’s ‘Directions concerning Preachers’ that is erudite, ingenious, equivocal, and disconcerting: an argument against such arguments as ‘things indifferent’ (adiaphora).
Syllabic Gasps: M. NourbeSe Philip and Charles Olson’s Poetic Conspiration
Authors: Heine Stefanie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn her essay ‘The Ga(s)p’, M. NourbeSe Philip sketches a respirational poetics that embeds the precarity of African American breath in a natal scene of conspiration. In a gesture of ‘radical hospitality’, every mother breathes for the unborn baby. Her book Zong!, consisting of words torn from a legal document about a massacre on a slave ship, is described as a ‘series of ga(s)ps for air with syllabic sounds attached or overlaid’. In the moment when Philip’s reflections turn to syllables, a striking resonance with Charles Olson’s poetics of breathing from the 1950s can be observed. Both Olson and Philip develop their thoughts on breath and syllables around the act of taking over word-material from a problematic ‘mother-text’. The essay investigates the tensions between the ethical act of ‘breathing with’ as Philip outlines it and the more common sense of ‘conspiration’ (conspiring, conspiracy).
Breath—As Subject, in Form, in Performance: An Interview with Michael Symmons Roberts
Authors: Roberts Michael Symmons ,   with David Fuller
Published: October 2021

AbstractMichael Symmons Roberts discusses breath and breathlessness as a theme running through his work, beginning with his novel, Breath (2006). He also discusses breath as a subject in his poetry, the place of breathing in the sound and expressivity of voice, and the idea of poetry as ‘alive in the heart and on the tongue’. He considers how the reader can realise the printed poem as an aural structure; and how living engagement with a poem, signified in reading partly by structures of breathing, is heard in the interplay between all of a poem’s formal features. Given that a poem is likely to say more than its author knows, he discusses the implications of hearing poets read their own work; and finally considers all the elements that affect how the voice (actual or imagined) gives aural shape to a poem.
Afterword: Breath-Taking—Ethical Impulses for Breath Studies
Authors: Adey Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis essay explores various interconnecting and cross-cutting threads that run through this volume. Alighting on ‘conspiration’ and other common themes that dominate the book, this afterword considers the contribution of the essays in their vast historical, cultural, and thematic milieux, and sees them as potential building blocks for a ‘breath studies’. And yet, by placing the book within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we might worry whether conspiration may be at threat. It considers whether the strict government regulations which have sought to constrain the spread of the disease by suppressing social interactions and togetherness may be eroding our political and ethical capacities to share air.
From Romance to Vision: The Life of Breath in Medieval Literary Texts
Authors: Saunders Corinne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBreath and breathlessness are flashpoints in medieval literary texts. Medieval medical theories, rooted in classical thought, emphasise the bodily spirits and in particular, the ways that motions of the ‘vital spirit’—closely connected with breath—cause powerful physical responses that write emotions on the body in sighs, swoons, and even death. Physiological theory was complemented by theological notions of pneuma, the Spirit of divinity and life. The movement of breath plays a key role in depictions of emotion from love to grief, and in visionary or mystical experience. This essay explores breath and breathlessness in a range of English secular and devotional literary texts: popular romance writing, the medically alert fictions of Chaucer, and visionary works including the Revelations of Divine Love of Julian of Norwich and the spiritual autobiography of Margery Kempe. In all these works, concepts of the vital spirits and the role of breath in emotion are central. The play of breath underpins and shapes depictions of romantic love, explorations of the boundary between life and death, and ideas of spiritual revelation, creating narratives of profoundly embodied, affective experience.