bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Eastern Orthodox Bible in China
Authors: Zhengrong Li 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay surveys the arrival of the Eastern Orthodox Church by Russian Orthodox missionaries to China. It examines how, in the development of the Eastern Orthodox Church in China, the Chinese Orthodox Bible came into being from the Church Slavonic Bible: the 1864 Xin Yi Zhao Sheng Jing (The New Testament), the 1879 Sheng Yong Jing (The Psalms), the 1910 Xin Yue Sheng Jing (The New Testament), the 1911 Ma Te Fei Yi Sheng Fu Yin Jing (The Gospel of Matthew). Other biblically related materials are discussed, such as the catechesis and liturgies: Tian Shen Hui Ke (Conversation of the Angels), Dong Jiao Zong Jian (Mirror of Orthodox Confession), Jiao Yi Wen Da (Catechesis), Quan Gao Jie Wen (The Catechetical Instruction on Confession).
Catholic Tracts and Parabolic Stories in Ming-Qing China
Authors: Li Sher-shiueh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to survey the development of the Chinese Bible and related Christian tracts, especially those showing parabolic interests, in the transitional period between the Ming and the Qing dynasties. The nomenclature of the Bible as the “Shengjing” does not come automatically; it went through a long period of development before it finally distinguished itself as Chinese Christian terminology referring to the Bible, their sacred scripture. During the long period of transition, many Christian tracts appeared to help shape the formation of the Chinese Bible. Stories with parabolic significance appeared in such process as canon formation in Chinese in the steps of translation and engagement with Chinese cultures. Members of the Society of Jesus played a major role in the process.
The Socio-Political Impact of the Bible in China
Authors: Vermander Benoît 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The China of today has been shaped partly by two centuries of Bible translations and by an even longer period of Christian propagation. This essay looks at the socio-political impact of the Bible on twentieth- and twenty-first-century China. Far beyond the religious sphere, China’s society and culture absorbed biblical narratives and teaching, spread through channels that have been circuitous, ambiguous, and controversial. This essay seeks to offer insights as to what extent the Bible has become part and parcel of Chinas’ socio-political references and controversies. The variety of social settings, political stances and hermeneutical strategies has characterized biblical readings from the time the Bible was introduced into China, and particularly since it became part of the general debate on national essence and modernity.
Inculturation of Christian Pictures in the Republic of China
Authors: Chu Xiaobai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
During the Chinese Christianity inculturation movement of the 1920–1930s in the Republic of China, many Christian pictures were produced and spread quite widely, including the icons “painted” (actually written as spiritual exercise through paintings) by teachers and students in Fu Jen Catholic University, the comic-strip book published by the Chinese Christian Painting Press of the Gospel, the pictures in the Kung Kao Po (a Catholic newspaper), and in the books published by Tou-se-we Painting House. On the basis of particular characteristics of these images, this essay attempts an artistic and theological analysis of the paintings, analyzing the painters’ effort to foster the inculturation of Christian pictures in China.
The Bible in Contemporaneous Struggles for Basic Legal Freedoms
Authors: Halliday Terence 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What are the biblical foundations on which Protestant Christian activist lawyers build not only their practices but their vision of a renewed China? This chapter examines the biblical premises and understandings that motivate and sustain Protestant activist lawyers in the pursuit of their legal and religious ideals in an increasingly repressive political context. Drawing on extensive sociological research on leading rights lawyers between 2009–2015, the chapter shows how the Bible is integral to their academic and spiritual callings; how they draw on core doctrines of human nature, dignity, equality, freedom, justice, love, fairness, and forgiveness to shape their practices; and the ways that biblical understandings infuse their pursuit of basic legal freedoms, an open civil society, and a restraint on power in a transformed China.
Unearthing Historical Violence in the Lives of Filipino Istambays Using Rizal’s Theory of the Colonial Philippines
Authors: Batan Clarence M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay introduces the concept of ‘historical violence’ in the lives of young Filipinos, especially those who are unemployed and referred to locally as the istambay (on standby) phenomenon. Drawing on the work of José Rizal, a nineteenth-century Filipino social thinker and activist, the essay offers a dialogue between the past and present locating the istambay phenomenon in the colonial experience of a nation. It argues for the necessity of historicizing violence, and recognizing the violent effects of colonialism, in order to understand and challenge stereotypes such as those regarding young Filipinos’ attitudes toward work. Historical accounts demonstrate how colonization continues to affect life stages such as youth. Rizal’s narratives of sustainability, precolonial history, and globalization are linked to current sociologies of youth, religion, and public policy.
Global South Youth Studies, Its Forms and Differences among the South, and between the North and South
Authors: Batan Clarence M. , Cooper Adam , Côté James E. , France Alan , Gilbert-Roberts Terri-Ann , Hettige Siri , Miranda Ana , Nilan Pam , Philipps Joschka , Ugor Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay comprises reflections of scholars in and originating from the Global South, plus some comments from Northern scholars, forming an integrated dialogue. It focuses on the development of youth studies in Africa, Latin America, parts of Asia, and the Caribbean, illuminating how youth studies in, from, and for the South emerge as a result of struggle—to get recognition, to theorize beyond dominant Northern frameworks, and state-led developments, and to be heard. Paradoxically, youth studies from the South are strongly influenced by the work of Northern scholars. Despite these influences, Northern ideas struggle to grasp local contexts and conditions and consequently there is a need for more localized knowledge and theorizing to make sense of young people’s lives outside the Global North. The reflections provide a reminder that struggles over the meaning and situation of youth, within particular contexts, are highly political.
Representations of Young People and Neoliberal Developmentalism in the Global South
Authors: Bessant Judith 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Negative representations of young people as ‘troublemakers,’ ‘idle’ or ‘politically disinterested’ have been commonplace. More recently, newer representations include seemingly positive labels such as ‘change agent,’ ‘politically engaged’ and ‘youth entrepreneurs.’ This essay explores the politics of representing young people, particularly in the Global South, and highlights how young people are represented by political elites and how they represent themselves. The central argument is that the neoliberal development model promotes representations of young people that do not best serve their interests. Stuart Hall’s work is used to understand how these representations conceal the chasm between contemporary discourses such as that of the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution,’ ‘Youth participation’ and ‘Sustainability,’ and the lived experiences of young people in Southern contexts. Hall’s theory of representations also highlights the politics operating between dominant discourses aimed at coopting so-called subordinate groups into a shared consensus, and the possibilities of disrupting that consensus.
Introduction
Authors: Farias Miguel , Brazier David , Lalljee Mansur 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it explores the different meanings of meditation and its varieties across Eastern and Western traditions, including the more recent therapeutic developments. Using a Meditation Tree image, specifically created for this volume, the chapter gives examples of practices from these traditions that rely on multiple techniques, such as concentration, recitation, breathing, singing, and visualization of physical or mental objects, among others. It highlights the richness of practices but equally of experiences and expected goals, which have led to debates and tensions among meditation experts and movements for over two thousand years. Second, the chapter summarizes the structure of this volume and the major achievements in the study of meditation, as well as current limitations and controversies.
The Symbolic Revolution
Authors: Power Camilla , Watts Ian , Knight Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents a Darwinian account of how humans became the symbolic species. It challenges the widely held idea that symbolic culture did not emerge until long after our African speciation. Red ochre use appears as a cumulative cultural tradition emerging prior to modern humans, becoming ubiquitous with modern Homo sapiens. One argument for the evolution of within-group cooperation has been inter-group conflict, but this is unlikely to result in sexual morality. An alternative model of “reverse dominance” or “gender” warfare is explored, generating playful, ritual contest between the sexes. As a reproductive strategy, women in coalitions resisted dominant male attempts to monopolize fertile females without providing adequate investment. Ritual bodypaint performances established symbolic culture, morality, kinship, and the sexual division of labor. Investor males drove the success of this symbolic strategy through sexual selection of ritually decorated females, linked to the plateau of encephalization in modern humans.
Animal Signals and Symbolism
Authors: Griebel Ulrike , Oller D. Kimbrough 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Human languages are symbolic. If we accept a broadly gradualist account of evolution, forerunners of the symbolism found in human languages should be observable in our closest relatives. After intensive training by humans, animals as different as great apes, dogs, sea lions, parrots, and dolphins have been shown to be able to learn, and in some cases to use, linguistic symbols with both humans and conspecifics. However, there is an absence of convincing and widely accepted evidence for symbolism in the use by non-human animals of natural communication systems in the wild. In addressing this apparent paradox, we provide definitions of fundamental differences between human symbolism and non-human communication systems and discuss foundational capacities for symbolism in non-humans. We argue that animal signals sometimes thought to resemble symbols are more likely (as proposed by Darwin) emotional expressions. We offer arguments about the evolutionary pressures that may have led to increasingly complex communication in the hominin line.
The Evolution of Language and Speech
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Dediu Dan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The ability to learn and use languages (also known as our language-readiness) relies on a complex cognitive and biomechanical machinery that is deeply rooted in our biology and evolutionary history, but which has nevertheless been recently reshaped in our lineage. To some extent, this reshaping resulted from changes in the sequence and/or the expression patterns of selected genes. Some of these genetic changes further facilitated cultural processes that have also played a major role in language evolution. In this chapter we review some of the key candidate genes for these changes, with a focus on our language-ready brain, our speech-ready organs, and our self-domestication. We discuss the shortcomings of present-day genetic approaches to language evolution and advance some avenues of future research.
Changes in TMS measures induced by transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation
Authors: Nitsche Michael A. , Paulus Walter , Thut Gregor 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Brain stimulation with weak electrical currents (transcranial electrical stimulation, tES) is known already for about 60 years as a technique to generate modifications of cortical excitability and activity. Originally established in animal models, it was developed as a noninvasive brain stimulation tool about 20 years ago for application in humans. Stimulation with direct currents (transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) induces acute cortical excitability alterations, as well as neuroplastic after-effects, whereas stimulation with alternating currents (transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS) affects primarily oscillatory brain activity but has also been shown to induce neuroplasticity effects. Beyond their respective regional effects, both stimulation techniques have also an impact on cerebral networks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been pivotal to helping reveal the physiological effects and mechanisms of action of both stimulation techniques for motor cortex application, but also for stimulation of other areas. This chapter will supply the reader with an overview about the effects of tES on human brain physiology, as revealed by TMS.
Long-read sequence assembly: a technical evaluation in barley
Authors: Mascher Martin , Wicker Thomas , Jenkins Jerry , Plott Christopher , Lux Thomas , Koh Chu Shin , Ens Jennifer , Gundlach Heidrun , Boston Lori B , Tulpová Zuzana , Holden Samuel , Hernández-Pinzón Inmaculada , Scholz Uwe , Mayer Klaus F X , Spannagl Manuel , Pozniak Curtis J , Sharpe Andrew G , Šimková Hana , Moscou Matthew J , Grimwood Jane , Schmutz Jeremy , Stein Nils 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSequence assembly of large and repeat-rich plant genomes has been challenging, requiring substantial computational resources and often several complementary sequence assembly and genome mapping approaches. The recent development of fast and accurate long-read sequencing by circular consensus sequencing (CCS) on the PacBio platform may greatly increase the scope of plant pan-genome projects. Here, we compare current long-read sequencing platforms regarding their ability to rapidly generate contiguous sequence assemblies in pan-genome studies of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Most long-read assemblies are clearly superior to the current barley reference sequence based on short-reads. Assemblies derived from accurate long reads excel in most metrics, but the CCS approach was the most cost-effective strategy for assembling tens of barley genomes. A downsampling analysis indicated that 20-fold CCS coverage can yield very good sequence assemblies, while even five-fold CCS data may capture the complete sequence of most genes. We present an updated reference genome assembly for barley with near-complete representation of the repeat-rich intergenic space. Long-read assembly can underpin the construction of accurate and complete sequences of multiple genomes of a species to build pan-genome infrastructures in Triticeae crops and their wild relatives.
Regularity Of Spectral Stacks And Discreteness Of Weight-Hearts
Authors: Sosnilo Vladimir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study regularity in the context of connective ring spectra and spectral stacks. Parallel to that, we construct a weight structure on the category of compact quasi-coherent sheaves on spectral quotient stacks of the form $X=[\operatorname{Spec} R/G]$ defined over a field, where R is a connective ${{\mathcal{E}}_\infty}$-k-algebra and G is a linearly reductive group acting on R. Under reasonable assumptions, we show that regularity of X is equivalent to regularity of R. We also show that if R is bounded, such a stack is discrete. This result can be interpreted in terms of weight structures and suggests a general phenomenon: for a symmetric monoidal stable $\infty$-category with a compatible bounded weight structure, the existence of an adjacent t-structure satisfying a strong boundedness condition should imply discreteness of the weight-heart. We also prove a gluing result for weight structures and adjacent t-structures, in the setting of a semi-orthogonal decomposition of stable $\infty$-categories.
The Image Milnor Number And Excellent Unfoldings
Authors: Giménez Conejero R , Nuño-Ballesteros J J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We show three basic properties of the image Milnor number µI(f) of a germ $f\colon(\mathbb{C}^{n},S)\rightarrow(\mathbb{C}^{n+1},0)$ with isolated instability. First, we show the conservation of the image Milnor number, from which one can deduce the upper semi-continuity and the topological invariance for families. Second, we prove the weak Mond’s conjecture, which states that µI(f) = 0 if and only if f is stable. Finally, we show a conjecture by Houston that any family $f_t\colon(\mathbb{C}^{n},S)\rightarrow(\mathbb{C}^{n+1},0)$ with $\mu_I(\,f_t)$ constant is excellent in Gaffney’s sense. For technical reasons, in the last two properties, we consider only the corank 1 case.
Defining Bicircular Matroids in Monadic Logic
Authors: Funk Daryl , Mayhew Dillon , Newman Mike 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We conjecture that the class of frame matroids can be characterized by a sentence in the monadic second-order logic of matroids, and we prove that there is such a characterization for the class of bicircular matroids. The proof does not depend on an excluded-minor characterization.
Toxocarainfection/exposure and the risk of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taghipour Ali , Habibpour Haniyeh , Mirzapour Aliyar , Rostami Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractToxocariasis is an important neglected disease that could have a role in the development of some neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ). We performed the first systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies to evaluate the possible association between Toxocara infection/exposure and SCZ. Systematic searching (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) was performed, up to 15 August 2020, to identify the relevant studies. We used a random effects meta-analysis model to generate the pooled OR and 95% CIs. The research process resulted in the identification of six studies related to the subject of interest entailing 411 SCZ patients and 2047 controls. Our results demonstrated that the SCZ patients (15%; 95% CI 6.8 to 29.9%) had higher pooled seroprevalence of Toxocara infection/exposure than the control group (3.3%; 95% CI 1.1 to 9.4%), showing a significant association (pooled OR, 4.06; 95% CI 1.14 to 14.43). Our findings suggested that Toxocara infection/exposure might have an important but neglected contribution to SCZ development. However, further well-designed and large-scale observational studies are needed to illuminate this association. Because many other environmental and genetic factors may be strong confounders, more mechanistic/experimental studies in animal models are also necessary to further define the mechanism of this association.
Utilizing a Behavioral Health Bundle to Improve Patient and Clinician Safety for Hospitalized Children
Authors: Nicome Roger , Lo Huay-Ying , Gupta Sheena , Khan Adrita , Lee Alice , Molchen Wallis , Neubauer Hannah , Ramgopal Veena , Lyn Michelle , Weber Emily , Vachani Joyee 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Due to limited psychiatric hospital availability, increasing numbers of pediatric patients with behavioral health (BH) needs are hospitalized in medical units in the US Patients and staff are at increased risk for safety events like self-harm or aggression. Our study aimed to decrease safety events by 25% over a year among hospitalized children with BH diagnoses by implementing an intervention bundle.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary team developed and implemented a BH intervention bundle that included a BH equipment cart, an electronic medical record tool for BH patient identification/stratification, a de-escalation team, daily operational BH phone call, and staff training with a safety checklist. The primary outcome measure was the number of reported safety events in BH patients. Process measure was “medically avoidable days”, wherein a medically cleared patient remained hospitalized awaiting transfer to inpatient psychiatric units; balance measure was staff perception of the workflow.

Results:
Although not statistically significant, we noted a downward trend in safety events per 1,000 patient days from 0.47 preintervention to 0.34 postintervention (28% decrease). Special cause variation was not achieved for BH safety events or medically avoidable days. Although one-third of staff members felt the BH bundle was helpful, many reported it as impeding workflow and expressed ongoing discomfort caring for BH patients.

Conclusions:
The implementation of a BH intervention bundle requires significant institutional support and interdisciplinary coordination. Despite additional training, equipment, and staff support, we did not achieve measurable improvements in patient safety and care coordination. Additional studies to measure impact and improve care for this population are needed.
Reducing Pediatric ED Length of Stay by Reducing Diagnostic Testing: A Discrete Event Simulation Model
Authors: McKinley Kenneth W. , Chamberlain James M. , Doan Quynh , Berkowitz Deena 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Quality improvement efforts can require significant investment before the system impact of those efforts can be evaluated. We used discrete event simulation (DES) modeling to test the theoretical impact of a proposed initiative to reduce diagnostic testing for low-acuity pediatric emergency department (ED) patients.

Methods:
We modified an existing DES model, built at another large, urban, academic pediatric ED, to forecast the impact of reducing diagnostic testing rates on mean ED length of stay (LOS). The modified model included local testing rates for Emergency Severity Index (ESI) 4 and 5 patients and additional processes defined by local experts. Validation was performed by comparing model output predictions of mean LOS and wait times to actual site-specific data. We determined the goal reduction in diagnostic testing rates using the Achievable Benchmark of Care methodology. Model output mean LOS and wait times, with testing set at benchmark rates, were compared to outputs with testing set at current levels.

Results:
During validation testing, model output metrics approximated actual clinical data with no statistically significant differences. Compared to model outputs with current testing rates, the mean LOS with testing set at an achievable benchmark was significantly shorter for ESI 4 (difference 19.1 mins [95% confidence interval 12.2, 26.0]) patients.

Conclusion:
A DES model predicted a statistically significant decrease in mean LOS for ESI 4 pediatric ED patients if diagnostic testing is performed at an achievable benchmark rate compared to current rates. DES shows promise as a tool to evaluate the impact of a QI initiative before implementation.