bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Interrogation of a Transcriptomic Resource for the Giant Triton Snail (Charonia tritonis)
Authors: Klein AH , Motti CA , Hillberg AK , Ventura T , Thomas-Hall P , Armstrong T , Barker T , Whatmore P , Cummins SF 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGastropod molluscs are among the most abundant species that inhabit coral reef ecosystems. Many are specialist predators, along with the giant triton snail Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus, 1758) whose diet consists of Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish), a corallivore known to consume enormous quantities of reef-building coral. C. tritonis are considered vulnerable due to overexploitation, and a decline in their populations is believed to have contributed to recurring A. planci population outbreaks. Aquaculture is considered one approach that could help restore natural populations of C. tritonis and mitigate coral loss; however, numerous questions remain unanswered regarding their life cycle, including the molecular factors that regulate their reproduction and development. In this study, we have established a reference C. tritonis transcriptome derived from developmental stages (embryo and veliger) and adult tissues. This was used to identify genes associated with cell signalling, such as neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), involved in endocrine and olfactory signalling. A comparison of developmental stages showed that several neuropeptide precursors are exclusively expressed in post-hatch veligers and functional analysis found that FFamide stimulated a significant (20.3%) increase in larval heart rate. GPCRs unique to veligers, and a diversity of rhodopsin-like GPCRs located within adult cephalic tentacles, all represent candidate olfactory receptors. In addition, the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which participates in the biosynthesis and degradation of steroid hormones and lipids, was also found to be expanded with at least 91 genes annotated, mostly in gill tissue. These findings further progress our understanding of C. tritonis with possible application in developing aquaculture methods.
Einstellungen und Hinderungsgründe bezüglich Telemedizin bei Epilepsien: Eine Umfrage in neurologischen Praxen
Authors: Zöllner Johann Philipp , Noda Anna H. , McCoy Jeannie , Roth Christian , Fischer Doris , Bollensen Edgar , Henn Karl-Heinz , Willems Laurent M. , Leyer Anne-Christine , Schubert-Bast Susanne , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Anbetracht ihres bedeutenden Potenzials zur Verbesserung der medizinischen Versorgung wird Telemedizin weiterhin zu wenig genutzt. Trotz einiger erfolgreicher Pilotprojekte in den vergangenen Jahren ist insbesondere über die Hindernisse der Etablierung und Verstetigung von Telemedizin wenig bekannt. Diese Studie hatte das Ziel, die Einstellung niedergelassener Neurologen hinsichtlich der Nutzung von Telemedizin in der Epileptologie und resultierende Hinderungsgründe zu verstehen. Gleichzeitig werden mögliche Lösungsansätze präsentiert.

Methoden
Mithilfe eines individuell erstellten 14-Item-Fragebogens befragten wir prospektiv alle Neurologen, die zuvor die Teilnahme an einem transregionalen Telemedizinpilotprojekt im Bereich der Epileptologie abgelehnt oder keine Rückmeldung gegeben hatten, zu Gründen für und gegen den generellen Einsatz von bzw. die Teilnahme an Telemedizin.

Ergebnisse
Von 58 kontaktierten Neurologen antworteten 33 (57 %). Die häufigsten Gründe für die fehlende Nutzung der Telemedizin waren ein vermuteter Zeitmangel oder ein vermuteter zu großer organisatorischer Aufwand (49 %). Zudem wurden Bedenken bezüglich der technischen Ausstattung (30 %) und eine Präferenz für alternative Wege der intersektoralen Kommunikation (30 %) angegeben. Befürchtete Probleme in Bezug auf die Kostenerstattung für telemedizinische Leistungen waren für 27 % ein Hindernis. Neurologen in ländlichen Gebieten waren signifikant häufiger bereit, zunächst eine telemedizinische Konsultation anzufordern, bevor sie eine Überweisung ausstellen (p = 0,006).

Schlussfolgerungen
Die flächendeckende Etablierung von Telemedizinstrukturen ist immer noch durch Hindernisse erschwert, die meist im organisatorischen Bereich liegen. Die bestehenden Herausforderungen im Gesundheitswesen in ländlichen Gebieten sind eine besondere Chance für die Implementierung von Telemedizin. Die meisten Probleme der Telemedizin können gelöst werden, sollten aber bereits bei der Konzeptionierung von Projekten mitbedacht werden, um ihre Verstetigung zu erleichtern.
Kommunale Instrumente gegen Schottergärten
Authors: Ferber Kevin 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag möchte aufzeigen, weshalb sogenannte Schottergärten eine problematische
Art der Freiflächengestaltung darstellen und welche Möglichkeiten für Kommunen bestehen,
um gegen sie vorgehen zu können. Dabei wird der Ansatz einer Einordnung als bauliche Anlage verfolgt,
was dazu führt, dass Eigentümer von Schottergärten mittels der bauordnungsrechtlichen Beseitigungsanordnung
dazu verpflichtet werden können, diese zu entfernen. Anschließend werden Möglichkeiten für
die Kommunen dargestellt, eine für die Beseitigungsanordnung notwendige materielle Illegalität
der Schottergärten festzustellen oder wenigstens für zukünftige Schottergärten herzustellen.
Der Beitrag versucht, das Bauordnungsrecht länderübergreifend darzustellen, kann allerdings nicht
auf jede Feinheit der einzelnen Bauordnungen eingehen.
Estimation of the potential of Lemna minor for effluent remediation in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture using newly developed synthetic aquaculture wastewater
Authors: Paolacci Simona , Stejskal Vlastimil , Jansen Marcel A. K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAquaculture is an important source of animal protein and a key contributor to global food security. However, aquaculture can exert a negative effect on the aquatic environment due to the release of effluents containing high nutrient levels. In integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), the waste produced by one species is the input for another, referred to as extractive species (ES). Potential ES include plants. In the present study, it was explored whetherLemna minorcan be used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from aquaculture wastewater. A representative synthetic wastewater was designed based on the composition of aquaculture effluents found in the literature. Synthetic wastewater was found to be a suitable medium for growth ofLemna minor, and plants readily took up NH4+-N, NO3-N and PO43--P. In particular, NH4+-N concentrations rapidly decreased. The highest removal rates per square meter of water surface, calculated for NH4+-N, NO3-N and PO43--P, were, respectively, 158, 206 and 32 mg·m-2·day-1, and these rates were achieved at a plant surface density of 80%. As removal of nutrients is essentially a surface area–related process, the effect of plant density on nutrient uptake was determined. Uptake of nutrients per square meter of surface area was highest at the highest plant density. Yet, when uptake rates were calculated per square meter of water area covered byLemnafronds, the highest removal rates were found at the lowest plant density, and this is likely to be associated with a reduced intraspecific competition. The present work enables the calculation of potential nutrient uptake byLemna minorand lays the foundation for a more scientific approach to the design of duckweed-based aquaculture wastewater treatment systems.
Shipwrecks on Roncador Cay, the Caribbean Sea and Their Relationship with Hurricanes, 1492-1920
Authors: Gomez Pretel William , Jeong Moon-Soo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that tropical storms and hurricanes are among the leading causes of shipwrecks in the Caribbean Sea since 1492. This paper will explore the relationship between shipwrecks and hurricanes in the Western Caribbean, particularly Roncador Cay, a place with complex environmental conditions that have made this area a trap for ships, but has up until now, been without rigorous shipwreck analysis. This study covers the period 1492 to 1920 with search results of 23 shipwrecks and 37 tropical cyclones compiled in databases, reviewing seven wrecks already documented and revealing new information on 16, previously not recorded. The sources provide detailed shipwrecks, demonstrating that most accidents occurred by unspecific causes and no direct relationship with hurricanes but were influenced by environmental conditions, such as geomorphology, cold fronts, or currents. There is also a reflection on the sociocultural changes and the influence of power in the region. The study includes a suggested tool for future research, protecting the wreck site and emphasizing the importance of the underwater cultural heritage as an indicator of the active maritime past.
Research on Learners and Teachers of Mathematics and Science: Forerunners to a Focus on Teacher Educator Professional Growth
Authors: Krainer Konrad , Even Ruhama , Park Rogers Meredith , Berry Amanda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis introductory paper first reflects the genesis of research in mathematics and science teacher education. The analyses show a movement from foci of research in mathematics and science education from students to teachers, and then to teacher educators. Next, an overview of research in mathematics and science teacher education and its development is provided, including teacher educators’ growth. This is followed by a comparative look at the seven papers in this special issue through three lenses, focusing on who the teacher educators in these papers are, the practices which are the focus for development, and the contexts in which the professional growth is situated. The seven papers not only exemplify how teacher educators might critically and systematically reflect on their own growth, educate new teacher educators, and do corresponding research, but also demonstrate the considerable progress the research community has made with respect to the professional growth of mathematics and science teacher educators in the last decade. Finally, challenges and questions are raised, in particular in relation to raising the quality and quantity of proficient teacher educators in order to strengthen teacher education research, and to have enough human resources to offer more and better professional development opportunities and to support schools.
Fabrication of porous-Ti6Al4V alloy by using hot pressing technique and Mg space holder for hard-tissue biomedical applications
Authors: Aslan N. , Aksakal B. , Findik F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPorous-Ti6Al4V (P-Ti6Al4V) alloys were produced using the hot pressing and spacer methods for hard tissue biomedical applications and in particular, the effects of porosity on the mechanical and morphological properties of the structures were investigated. P-Ti6Al4V structures having the homogeneously distributed porosities at 41.08, 52.37 and 64.10% were fabricated by adding 40, 50 and 60% spherical magnesium (Mg) powder with 350 μm particle sizes in average as spacers and evaporating magnesium via the atmosphere-controlled sintering. The obtained porous structures were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. Furthermore, the strength and elastic modulus were evaluated by performing compression tests. Elastic modulus and densities were found to be 40–171 MPa, 2–5 GPa and 1.59–2.61, respectively and these values have been shown to decrease with an increase in porosity. The achieved density and mechanical property values, in particular, elastic modulus are close to human bone and within acceptable ranges for with biomedical application purposes. In addition, it was also found out from the analysis of produced P-Ti6Al4V that macropores were responsible for mechanical anisotropy contributed to formation of homogeneous and inter-connected open pores.
An experimental investigation of the influence of plasticity on creep degradation rate
Authors: Olek Bartłomiej Szczepan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntrinsic soil properties, such as the Atterberg limits, are essential factors influencing the mechanical behaviour of the fine-grained soils. In this study, a series of long-term multiple-stage loading oedometer tests were performed on alluvial organic soils to investigate the creep behaviour. The plasticity ratios ranged from 0.4 to 0.63. The smaller value of the plasticity ratio Rp indicated higher soil plasticity. The results showed that the coefficient of secondary compression Cαe of alluvial organic soils was stress- and strain-rate-dependent. The coefficient of secondary compression change index m was derived using a double-logarithmic approach for a creep degradation and was related to the plasticity and clay percentage to fines. Based on the results, it was found that high plasticity soils exhibit slow creep degradation rate during one-dimensional straining under normally consolidated state. The results show that the higher soil plasticity expressed by the plasticity index, plasticity ratio and clay percentage to fines, smaller the coefficient of secondary compression change index. Moreover, the correlations among a soil plasticity properties and creep parameters for the alluvial soils have also been proposed.
Bildungsfinanzierung: Bemerkungen zu einem vernachlässigten Thema der Erziehungswissenschaft
Authors: Barz Heiner 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der deutschsprachigen erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschung findet sich eine vertiefte Thematisierung von Fragen aus dem Umfeld der Bildungsfinanzierung und der Bildungsökonomie kaum. Themen, die den Zusammenhang von Bildung und finanziellen Parametern (Kosten, Erträgen, Renditen) betreffen, finden in der Bildungsforschung meist nur bei bildungspolitisch relevanten Weichenstellungen etwas Aufmerksamkeit – etwa in der Diskussion über Studiengebühren oder Digitalpakt. Der Beitrag versucht Schlaglichter auf grundlegende Positionen zu werfen und das verfügbare Wissen in der Grenzregion zwischen Wirtschaft und Pädagogik zu systematisieren. Insbesondere stehen dabei Fragen der Bildungsfinanzierung im Fokus. Beispielhaft kommen dabei der soziokulturelle Ansatz Bourdieus („kulturelles Kapital“), strittige Zuordnungen bei der Zusammenstellung des deutschen Bildungsbudgets und eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Konzept der Finanzautonomie im Schulbereich zur Darstellung.
High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in healthcare workers in an Irish university teaching hospital
Authors: Leonard Ann , Prior Anna Rose , Reilly Phyllis , Murray Caroline , Brien Meghan O’ , Maguire Gillian , Ennis Deborah , Reid Alex , Rakovac Ana , Boran Gerard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Healthcare workers are at very high risk for SARS-CoV-2 exposure and infection. This study evaluated anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital and then correlated seroprevalence with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
The study was approved by our institution’s Joint Research Ethics Committee in June 2020. All volunteers were provided with a consent form, an information leaflet and a questionnaire on the day before phlebotomy. Serum samples were collected from 1176 participants over a 3-month period and analysed using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) which detects total antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of SARs-COV-2.

Results
Overall anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among participating healthcare workers was 17.9%. The rate of confirmed infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction molecular testing prior to participation was 12.2%. Of 211 participants who had a reactive antibody test result, 37% did not have COVID-19 infection confirmed at any point prior to participation in this study, either having had a swab which did not detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA or having never been tested. Seropositivity was the highest (30%) in the youngest quintile of age (20–29 years old). Staff with more patient contact had a higher seroprevalence of 19.5% compared to 13.4% in staff with less patient contact.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that a substantial proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections in healthcare workers may be asymptomatic or subclinical and thus potentially represent a significant transmission risk to colleagues and patients.
Comparison of the Abitur examination in mathematics in Germany before and after reunification in 1990
Authors: Bruder Regina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Germany, the Abitur is the highest qualification granted at the end of secondary education after 12 or 13 years of schooling; it provides a general university entrance qualification. Traditionally, written and oral examinations are required to obtain the Abitur. Until 1990, there were mainly decentralized examinations in mathematics in West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany [FRG]), which were taken after 13 school years, and a centralized examination that students took after 12 years of school in East Germany (German Democratic Republic [GDR]). In the unified Germany, examinations are now increasingly set by the 16 individual federal states. This paper has a special focus on changes and permanent features in the written Abitur examination in mathematics in Germany in the context of the social changes caused by the German reunification in 1990. These changes since 1990 are described with regard to the initial situation and framing conditions for the written Abitur examination. Two time periods are considered: (1) the examination situation in the FRG and GDR before 1990 and (2) the changes in the five eastern German federal states (former GDR) under the system change and accession to the FRG after 1990 but before the PISA shock.
Fox sign in a case of terminal stage pancreatic cancer and suggestions for diagnosis
Authors: Prangenberg Julian , Doberentz Elke , Madea Burkhard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Skin signs in acute pancreatitis are well-known and frequently discussed manifestations accompanied by unfavorable prognoses although they may rarely appear in clinical and forensic medicine. In 2018, the district attorney’s office ordered a forensic autopsy for a 74-year-old man with terminal stage pancreatic cancer. The autopsy was ordered based on accusations of the deceased’s widow regarding alleged medical malpractice and poor hospital care. The widow filed a grievance about multiple unsuccessful attempts to draw blood from her husband in addition to a diaper dermatitis at the right groin. An autopsy and additional histological examinations were performed. After considering all findings, the diaper dermatitis was eventually assumed to be a Fox sign caused by acute pancreatitis, and the allegations of medical malpractice were refuted. This case led us to identify another case with suspected cutaneous manifestations in pancreatic disease. We performed immunohistochemical staining on those two cases and six control cases to examine whether there was detectable presence of pancreatic lipase and trypsin in the skin discolorations and whether it could be used as a feasible method to verify skin signs associated with pancreatitis. Based on our findings, a minor disseminated lipase and trypsin staining should be considered regular and is therefore not conclusive of a skin sign associated with pancreatitis. Moreover, trypsin does not seem to be as suitable as lipase for this suggested immunohistochemical method. Nevertheless, this method might be a useful addition for determining the origin of skin discoloration and verifying skin signs associated with pancreatitis.
A modified bond model for describing isotropic linear elastic material behaviour with the discrete element method
Authors: Venkateswaran Rahav Gowtham , Kowalsky Ursula , Dinkler Dieter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, the discrete element method is increasingly being used for describing the behaviour of isotropic linear elastic materials. However, the common bond models employed to describe the interaction between particles restrict the range of Poisson’s ratio that can be represented. In this paper, to overcome the restriction, a modified bond model that includes the coupling of shear strain energy of neighbouring bonds is proposed. The coupling is described by a multi-bond term that enables the model to distinguish between shear deformations and rigid-body rotations. The positive definiteness of the strain energy function of the modified bond model is verified. To validate the model, uniaxial tension, pure shear and pure bending tests are performed. Comparison of the particle displacements with continuum mechanics solution demonstrates the ability of the model to describe the behaviour of isotropic linear elastic material for values of Poisson’s ratio in the range $$0 \le \nu < 0.5$$

0
≤
ν
<
0.5

.
Low-cost Solutions for Velocimetry in Rotating and Opaque Fluid Experiments using Ultrasonic Time of Flight
Authors: Burmann Fabian , Noir Jerome , Beetschen Stefan , Jackson Andrew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany common techniques for flow measurement, such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) or Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry (UDV), rely on the presence of reflectors in the fluid. These methods fail to operate when e.g centrifugal or gravitational acceleration leads to a rarefaction of scatterers in the fluid, as for instance in rapidly rotating experiments. In this article we present two low-cost implementations for flow measurement based on the transit time (or Time of Flight) of acoustic waves, that do not require the presence of scatterers in the fluid. We compare our two implementations against UDV in a well controlled experiment with a simple oscillating flow and show we can achieve measurements in the sub-centimeter per second velocity range with an accuracy of $\sim 5-10\%$
∼
5
−
10
%
. We also perform measurements in a rotating experiment with a complex flow structure from which we extract the mean zonal flow, which is in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Large-scale analysis of delayed recognition using sleeping beauty and the prince
Authors: Miura Takahiro , Asatani Kimitaka , Sakata Ichiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDelayed recognition in which innovative discoveries are re-evaluated after a long period has significant implications for scientific progress. The quantitative method to detect delayed recognition is described as the pair of Sleeping Beauty (SB) and its Prince (PR), where SB refers to citation bursts and its PR triggers SB’s awakeness calculated based on their citation history. This research provides the methods to extract valid and large SB–PR pairs from a comprehensive Scopus dataset and analyses how PR discovers SB. We prove that the proposed method can extract long-sleep and large-scale SB and its PR best covers the previous multi-disciplinary pairs, which enables to observe delayed recognition. Besides, we show that the high-impact SB–PR pairs extracted by the proposed method are more likely to be located in the same field. This indicates that a hidden SB that your research can awaken may exist closer than you think. On the other hand, although SB–PR pairs are fat-tailed in Beauty Coefficient and more likely to integrate separate fields compared to ordinary citations, it is not possible to predict which citation leads to awake SB using the rarity of citation. There is no easy way to limit the areas where SB–PR pairs occur or detect it early, suggesting that researchers and administrators need to focus on a variety of areas. This research provides comprehensive knowledge about the development of scientific findings that will be evaluated over time.