bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerabilidad, propaganda terrorista online y reclutamiento en el contexto del terrorismo internacional
Authors: Rossi Francesco 
Published: January 2021

La captación de terroristas conocidos como “internacionales” o “yihadistas” y la propaganda online son cuestiones contemporáneas cruciales. El Estado Islámico ha desarrollado un aparato de propaganda organizado y eficaz a escala mundial. Fuera de sus territorios, se sirve de una red que llama a personas vulnerables a convertirse en combatientes terroristas extranjeros (foreign terrorist fighters) o en lobos solitarios (lone wolves). El presente estudio analiza los principales objetivos, medios y efectos de la propaganda online y del reclutamiento de terroristas, y concluye que es necesario un cambio del actual paradigma de prevención. El objetivo multicultural más amplio es restablecer la confianza mutua entre las personas marginadas y/o radicalizadas, la sociedad y el Estado.The so-called «international» or «jihadi» terrorist recruitment and online propaganda are paramount contemporary issues. The Islamic State built an organised and efficient propaganda apparatus at global level. Outside its territories, it relies upon a network calling on vulnerable individuals to turn into foreign terrorist fighters or lone wolves. This paper analyses the main targets, means and effects of terrorist propaganda and recruitment. In the concluding remarks, the author argues that a change of the current preventive paradigm is necessary. The broader goal is to restore mutual trust between marginalised and/or radicalised individuals, society, and the State.
‘Forced adulthood’: An aspect of ‘quarterlife crisis’ suffered by young English and Assamese adults
Authors: Duara Raginie , Hugh-Jones Siobhan , Madill Anna 
Published: January 2021

Quarterlife crisis’ describes difficulties experienced by young people in their transition to adulthood. Little is known about how this crisis manifests in different cultural contexts or the impact of educational background. Using photo-elicitation and timeline interviews, we explore the lived experience of ‘quarterlife crisis’ among 22-30 year olds from England (n=16) and Assam, India (n=8), each group including people with and people without a university-level education. Data were analysed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. We report the key theme of ‘forced adulthood’, consisting of the traumatising experience of having to assume adult roles and responsibilities before one feels capable of so doing. We explore how cultural and educational factors shape this experience though: feeling rushed to financial self-sufficiency; having to train oneself to be an adult; and having to be the ‘man of the house’. In conclusion, we demonstrate that, even though there is some consistency around the traumatising effect of too early an assumption of adult responsibility, culture and educational background can change the contours of this experience and its meaning.
Grounded Histories of British Antislavery in Sierra Leone
Authors: den Otter Sandra 
Published: January 2021

Padriac Scanlan’s Freedom’s Debtors: British Antislavery in Sierra Leone in the Age of Revolution (2017) provides an opportunity to examine the early decades of antislavery from the vantage point of the western coast of Africa and to challenge triumphalist narratives of abolition. The history of Sierra Leone demonstrates that intertwined with the rhetoric of liberty and uplift in the abolition of slavery was a unflinching determination to generate profit and commercial opportunity. Metropolitan and colonial elites continued to profit from slavery long after its abolition. A grounded history of ideas, both of humanitarian and legal ideas, is a valuable methodology to explore the history of antislavery. The inchoate, fluid and disordered attempts to put antislavery into practice at a very local level point to the fits and starts, continuities and discontinuities, and haphazard interventions in the making of a vernacular ideology of the antislavery and the civilizing mission.
Breast Leiomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Management
Authors: Ilyas Mohammed Iyoob Mohammed , Nazir Sharique , Xiao Philip Q. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Leiomyosarcomas of breast are very rare tumors, with only 54 cases reported in the literature to date.

Methods
We report a case of leiomyosarcoma in a 52-year-old woman who presented with a painless left breast mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. It measured about 6 cm in diameter and was located within the breast parenchyma with no skin involvement. Mammogram was suggestive of BI-RADS IV lesion, and core biopsy of the lesion was inconclusive.

Results
Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the excision biopsy of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma approaching the specimen margins. The patient underwent simple mastectomy, which did not reveal any residual tumor or additional lesions. Follow-up for a year after her mastectomy did not show any local or systemic recurrence.

Conclusions
We reviewed the literature and summarize our findings as recommendations for management of leiomyosarcoma of breast.
Incisional Hernia After Liver Transplantation: Analysis of Tailored Open Mesh Repair
Authors: Heise Daniel , Kroh Andreas , Eickhoff Roman , Lambertz Andreas , Binnebösel Marcel , Schmeding Maximilian , Neumann Ulf Peter , Klink Christian Daniel 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveIncisional hernia is a frequent complication post liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to compare divergent approaches to open abdominal wall repair post-LT.Summary of background dataAfter liver transplantation (LT) via Mercedes incision (MSI) we observed an incidence of incisional hernia between 5% and 34%. Conventional repair consists of reopening the whole incision and reinforcement of the whole fascia using a mesh plastic in sublay position. This retrospective analysis compares open mesh repair with complete reinforcement of the Mercedes incision and open mesh repair of solely the abdominal wall defect.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2015, 218 orthotopic liver transplantations (LT) were performed at our institution, and 25 (11.5%) of those patients required an incisional hernia repair post-LT. One group received a local hernia repair (n = 15) while the other group obtained a reconstruction of the whole MSI (n = 10). We analyzed the preoperative status, causative factors for incisional hernia, operative details, and long-term outcome of these patients.ResultsAnalyzing preoperative details no significant differences were found between the 2 groups. The mean time post-LT at which the abdominal wall defect appeared was 18 ± 12 months. The mean follow-up time after abdominal wall repair was 15 (11–19) months. Additionally, 1 (4%) patient developed a hernia recurrence without statistic significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.400).ConclusionLocal mesh reinforcement seems to be feasible and safe in incisional hernia patients after Mercedes incision due to liver transplantation.
The list of vascular plants for the city of Toronto
Authors: Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract1. Urban areas have become epicentres for applied ecological and conservation research and policy. Yet, most urban areas have surprisingly little consolidated information about their biota, including species‐at‐risk and invasive species.2. I used multiple data sources to compile a list of vascular plants for the greater metropolitan Toronto region. This data not only includes taxonomic information but also global and national status ranks, growth from, native status, threatened status, abundance estimates and year of first observation for non‐indigenous species.3. The list includes 1937 taxa from 146 families, of which 822 are non‐indigenous. The majority of native species were ranked as abundant and widespread both globally and provincially. However, non‐indigenous species ranks were bimodal, likely to be either extremely restricted in the province, or very widespread.4. This database provides a robust list of plant taxa in Canada's largest city. It will inform global urban ecology analyses and local and regional management and policy.
Multiscale Assembly of [AgS4] Tetrahedrons into Hierarchical Ag–S Networks for Robust Photonic Water
Authors: Wu Zhennan , Yao Qiaofeng , Liu Zhihe , Xu Hongyi , Guo Peng , Liu Lingmei , Han Yu , Zhang Kuo , Lu Zhongyuan , Li Xuke , Zhang Jiangwei , Xie Jianping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need to assemble ultrasmall metal chalcogenides (with atomic precision) into functional materials with the required anisotropy and uniformity, on a micro‐ or even macroscale. Here, a delicate yet simple chemistry is developed to produce a silver–sulfur network microplate with a high monodispersity in size and morphology. Spanning from the atomic, molecular, to nanometer, to micrometer scale, the key structural evolution of the obtained microplates includes 2D confinement growth, edge‐sharing growth mode, and thermodynamically driven layer‐by‐layer stacking, all of which are derived from the [AgS4] tetrahedron unit. The key to such a high hierarchical, complex, and accurate assembly is the dense deprotonated ligand layer on the surface of the microplates, forming an infinite surface with high negative charge density. This feature operates at an orderly distance to allow further hierarchical self‐assembly on the microscale to generate columnar assemblies composed of microplate components, thereby endowing the feature of the 1D photonic reflector to water (i.e., photonic water). The reflective color of the resulting photonic water is highly dependent on the thickness of the building blocks (i.e., silver–sulfur microplates), and the coexistent order and fluidity help to form robust photonic water.
Employing Cholesterol Copolymerization Strategy for a Thermally Processable Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Material
Authors: Li Xin‐Shun , Wu Yue , Zhao Yiran , Yu Zhen‐Qiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDevelopment of pure organic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials with strong emission and decent processability is highly desirable. However, in the pursuit of high quantum yield (QY) of phosphorescence, the processability of RTP materials is suppressed unwarily. Here, a liquid crystalline (LC) copolymer is envisioned, NpA‐Chol, comprising bromonaphthalimide as the phosphor and cholesterol as the LC mesogen. NpA‐Chol exhibits LC flexibility at high temperatures, thus enabling the material to possess decent processability. In addition, the liquid crystallinity of NpA‐Chol could be improved remarkably after thermal annealing, making a 7.5‐fold increase in phosphorescence QY. This cholesterol copolymerization strategy paves a general avenue for addressing the major defect well: highly efficient RTP materials always suffer from suppression of thermal processability.
Tris(5‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazolyl)iridium(III) Complex and Its Use in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes to Provide an External Quantum Efficiency of up to 27.8%
Authors: Ryu Chan Hee , Lim Junseob , Kim Moon Bae , Lee Ji Hye , Hwang Hyonseok , Lee Jun Yeob , Lee Kang Mun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough studies have investigated various N‐heterocyclic‐based Ir(III)‐cyclometalates that exhibit high efficiency and electrochemical stability, blue‐phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes with further improved efficiency and blue‐emission purity are needed for use as emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Therefore, the preparation and comprehensive characterization of a phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐based facial‐homoleptic iridium(III) complex, TzIr (fac‐tris(1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,4 triazolyl)iridium(III)) is herein described. The complex shows a definite blue‐emission band (λem = 456 nm) in the solution and film states at ambient temperature. Moreover, this complex exhibits considerably high phosphorescent quantum efficiency (80%) and thermal stability (Td5 = 362 °C). Multilayer phosphorescent OLEDs using TzIr as the emitter and 3,3‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)biphenyl (mCBP)/ 9‐(3′‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐5‐cyano‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐3‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole‐3‐carbonitrile (CNmCBPCN) as the mixed host are fabricated. The devices exhibit outstanding performance, with a high external quantum efficiency (27.8%), current efficiency (38.7 cd A−1), and CIEy (y coordinate value of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color space) less than 0.18. The results of this study indicate that this novel 1,2,4‐triazole‐based dopant, TzIr, is a promising candidate for developing highly efficient blue‐phosphorescent emitters for use in OLEDs.
Liquid‐Assisted Grinding Mechanochemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Ying Ping , Yu Jingbo , Su Weike 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMechanochemical reactions by milling, grinding or other types of mechanical action have emerged as a salient green approach because of its wide applications towards academic and industrial chemical communities in sustainable solvent‐free/solvent‐less processes. Liquid‐assisted grinding (LAG) as an extension of traditional solvent‐free mechanochemical techniques by which a small amount of liquid is used as an additive to enhance and/or control reactivity, has been fruitfully applied in the screening of inclusion compounds, cocrystals, salts, solvates, and polymorphs. However, utilization of this important technique in the synthesis of pharmaceutically and biologically relevant targets was not adequately investigated. This review article summarizes an overview of the latest development of LAG mechanochemical approaches in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and drug‐like fragments, highlights its superiority versus conventional syntheses.magnified image
Catalytic Approach to Diverse α‐Aminoboronic Acid Derivatives by Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Trifluoroborate‐Iminiums
Authors: Šterman Andrej , Košmrlj Janez , Žigart Nina , Gobec Stanislav , Sosič Izidor , Časar Zdenko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA series of structurally diverse benzyl protected trifluoroborate‐ammoniums were prepared in good to high yields by an efficient hydrogenation of corresponding trifluoroborate‐iminiums using Crabtree's catalyst. Subsequent N‐ and B‐deprotections were demonstrated on selected examples to provide several α‐aminoboronic acids. Preliminary experiments on asymmetric version of the reaction indicated a correlation between E/Z‐ratio in the trifluoroborate‐iminium substrate and enantioselectivity. The broad scope, operational simplicity and efficiency of the presented method imply its high potential for a facile access to libraries of α‐aminoboronic acid derivatives that can be used in medicinal chemistry applications and beyond.magnified image
Magnetic Hysteresis at 10 K in Single Molecule Magnet Self‐Assembled on Gold
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Spree Lukas , Koutsouflakis Emmanouil , Krylov Denis S. , Liu Fupin , Brandenburg Ariane , Velkos Georgios , Schimmel Sebastian , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Fedorov Alexander , Weschke Eugen , Choueikani Fadi , Ohresser Philippe , Dreiser Jan , Büchner Bernd , Popov Alexey A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTremendous progress in the development of single molecule magnets (SMMs) raises the question of their device integration. On this route, understanding the properties of low‐dimensional assemblies of SMMs, in particular in contact with electrodes, is a necessary but difficult step. Here, it is shown that fullerene SMM self‐assembled on metal substrate from solution retains magnetic hysteresis up to 10 K. Fullerene‐SMM DySc2N@C80and Dy2ScN@C80are derivatized to introduce a thioacetate group, which is used to graft SMMs on gold. Magnetic properties of grafted SMMs are studied by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism and compared to the films of nonderivatized fullerenes prepared by sublimation. In self‐assembled films, the magnetic moments of the Dy ions are preferentially aligned parallel to the surface, which is different from the disordered orientation of endohedral clusters in nonfunctionalized fullerenes. Whereas chemical derivatization reduces the blocking temperature of magnetization and narrows the hysteresis of Dy2ScN@C80, for DySc2N@C80equally broad hysteresis is observed as in the fullerene multilayer. Magnetic bistability in the DySc2N@C80grafted on gold is sustained up to 10 K. This study demonstrates that self‐assembly of fullerene‐SMM derivatives offers a facile solution‐based procedure for the preparation of functional magnetic sub‐monolayers with excellent SMM performance.
Solvent‐Free Coating of Organic Semiconductor Membranes with Centimetric Crystalline Domains
Authors: Xia Yu , Li Ruipeng , Tsai Esther , He Yaowu , Liu Tianran , Zhao Xiaoming , Gu Kaichen , Meng Hong , Loo Yueh‐Lin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) have shown great promise in a variety of applications. Although solution processing of OSCs has resulted in high‐quality films, exquisite control of structural development to minimize defect formation during large‐scale fabrication remains formidable. Compounding this challenge is the use of halogenated organic solvents, which poses significant health and environmental hazards. However, the solvent‐free techniques introduced thus far impose additional limitations on solidification kinetics; the resulting OSC thin films are often more defective than those processed from solution. Here, a solvent‐free technique is reported to prepare OSC membranes with centimetric crystalline domains. Leveraging the tendency for liquid crystalline materials to preferentially orient, OSCs are “prealigned” by depositing them from the melt over a metal frame to form a freely suspended membrane. Crystallization from this prealigned phase affords membranes with unprecedented structural order across macroscopic distances. Field‐effect transistors comprising membranes of dioctyl[1]‐benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C8BTBT) and didodecyl[1]‐benzothieno[3,2‐b][1]benzothiophene (C12BTBT) having centimeter‐sized domains as active layers exhibit a hole mobility of ≈8.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, superseding the mobility of any transistors whose active layers are deposited from melt. This technique is scalable to yield membranes with large crystalline domains over wafer dimensions, making it amenable for broad applications in large‐area organic electronics.
Epsilon‐Negative Carbon Aerogels with State Transition from Dielectric to Degenerate Semiconductor
Authors: Xie Peitao , Sun Wei , Du Ai , Hou Qing , Wu Guangming , Fan Runhua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAerogels with negative parameters have become a research hotspot since the discovery of negative Poisson's ratio and negative thermal expansion coefficient in aerogels. The negative parameters are originally brought up and studied in electromagnetic metamaterials, leaving a question that whether aerogels can be used to construct metamaterials with negative electromagnetic parameters. Here, the authors show that negative permittivity (epsilon‐negative) property can be achieved in carbon aerogels, and its value is adjusted continuously by changing the composition of carbon aerogels but keeping their microstructure unchanged. This is a novel strategy different from the typical array‐structure‐containing metamaterials. Moreover, a physical state transition is found when increasing the carbonization temperature, where the initial low‐loss dielectric state evolves into a high‐loss one upon increasing the temperature from 400 to 700 °C followed by a final degenerate semiconductor state when increasing the temperature to 800 °C and above. This work can provide a new method toward the design of electromagnetic metamaterials, starting by choosing the component materials with optimal composition.
Biomass potential of drill interseeded cover crops in corn in Kentucky
Authors: Stanton Victoria L. , Haramoto Erin R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDrill interseeding is an alternative method for establishing annual cover crops (CCs), but regional weather and management practices, including soil‐residual herbicides, could impact its success. Split‐plot field experiments in Princeton, KY, assessed establishment and biomass of drill‐interseeded annual ryegrass [Lolium perennessp.multiflorum(Lam.) Husnot] and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerataL.) following different soil‐residual herbicide rates (subplot factor) in corn (Zea maysL.); these treatments (whole plot factor) were compared to cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) sown after corn harvest and a no CC control. The herbicide did not affect establishment of either interseeded species in either year. Orchardgrass plants survived both summers, but density before tillering was only 8 and 25% of initial density in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Biomass by corn harvest (3.3 and 26.4 g m–2in 2016 and 2017, respectively) was similar across all herbicide treatments. Most annual ryegrass plants died before corn harvest, possibly due to heat stress. Corn yield was not affected by interseeded orchardgrass, but corn was unacceptably weedy in 1 yr as grass weeds could not be controlled chemically after orchardgrass emergence. By the following spring, cereal rye planted after corn harvest produced more biomass (360 and 289 g m–2in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, respectively) than interseeded orchardgrass (48 and 130 g m–2in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, respectively). Orchardgrass was better suited to interseeding than annual ryegrass, but biomass was limited by low plant survival. Southern producers must weigh potential benefits of interseeding against those provided by cereal rye planted after harvest.
Variation of the cormic index since the onset of summer school camps in Spain (1887) up to present days
Authors: Herráez Angel , Marrodán Maria Dolores , González‐Montero de Espinosa Marisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess a secular change in proportion between lower limbs and torso, we analyzed the evolution of cormic index in schoolchildren attending summer camps organized by the Spanish National Pedagogic Museum between 1887 and 1924, also comparing to later studies up to the present.Subjects and methodsUnpublished primary data for height and sitting height were collected from 805 individuals of both sexes. Data were pooled in cohorts according to age and year of measurement. Additionally, the analysis included comparison with published data from both national and international populations.ResultsAmong males, a noteworthy decrease of the cormic index is perceived from the first to the last camps, while in females this is only seen for the group under 11 years old. With data from published Spanish references (1900–2019) a decrease is observed for the male series but is not evident for females. Cormic index values from the camps overlap among the international references, despite the former being from much earlier years.ConclusionThe cormic index decreased among Spanish male children along the decades.