bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tutupan makroalga pada terumbu karang di kawasan konservasi perairan (KKP) Nusa Penida, Bali
Authors: Maududi Muhammad Akhyar , Luthfi Oktiyas Muzaky 
Published: April 2021

The interaction between algae and coral is one of the most important of ecological processes in coral reef ecosystems. They are one of the main food sources in a large number of herbivorous animals in coral reef ecosystems. Makroalgae is also a major competitor in degrading coral reefs at a time when macroalgae gains dominate the coral reefs. Algae growth is relatively very fast, so it can be used as an indicator in the initial study to determine the processes that affect populations and coral reef communities. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of macroalgae cover on coral reefs in the Nusa Penida, Bali using the transect quadrant (1x1m2)x 100m method. This study shows that the lowest macroalgae cover at Crystal Bay and the highest in Buyuk can be concluded that the high macroalgae cover is made possible by the large supply of nutrients from the land which becomes the supplier of organic materials that increases the fertility of waters, meanwhile in the waters close to the high seas obtain additional nutrients derived from the lifting of the water mass (upwelling). Data and information are needed for the interest of regional planning towards the future related to the management and utilization of marine resources potential in the coastal area in Nusa Penida, Bali.Interaksi antara alga dan karang merupakan hal terpenting dari proses ekologi pada ekosistem terumbu karang. Mereka merupakan salah satu sumber produsen primer pada sejumlah besar hewan herbivora pada ekosistem terumbu karang. Makroalga juga menjadi pesaing utama dalam mendegradasi terumbu karang pada saat kelimpahaan makroalga mendominasi terhadap terumbu karang. Pertumbuhan alga tergolong sangat cepat, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai indikator dalam studi awal untuk mengetahui proses yang mempengaruhi populasi dan komunitas terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sebaran tutupan makroalga pada terumbu karang di daerah utama wisata penyelaman Nusa Penida, Bali dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadran dengan ukuran (1x1m2) x 100 m. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tutupan makroalga terendah pada Crystal Bay dan tertinggi di Buyuk dapat ditarik kesimpulan jika tingginya tutupan makroalga dimungkinkan oleh besarnya suplai nutrien daratan yang menjadi pensuplai bahan organik yang meningkatkan kesuburan perairan. Sedangkan pada perairan yang dekat dengan laut lepas mendapat tambahan nutrien yang berasal dari pengangkatan massa air (upwelling). Data dan informasi ini diperlukan untuk kepentingan perencanaan pengembangan wilayah ke depannya yang terkait dengan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan potensi sumberdaya laut di wilayah pesisir di Nusa Penida, Bali.
Kontaminasi Senyawa Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) dalam Sedimen Di DAS Gending, Probolinggo
Authors: Edward Edward 
Published: April 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are very toxic and persistent environmental contaminants. This study were carried out in Gending watershed Probolinggo in March 2014, the propose of this research was to known the concentrations and possible sources of 16 PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) classified by the United State Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants. Sediment samples were taken by using a sediment sampler at 6 research stations. The concentration of PAH were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the sources using individual ratio diagnose method. The results show that the concentration of PAHs in sediment still low and fixed with the safe threshold values for waters organisms. Individual PAH dominated by high molecule weight PAHs. The results of PAHs ratio individual analysis showed that PAHs sources in sediment derived from a variety of sources such as; oil spill, oil combustion and combustion of organic materials. To reduce the level of PAHs pollution in sediment in Gending watersheds need to make efficiency in using of fossil fuel, reduce oil spill and combustion of oil and organic materials and implementing of laws and sanctions against polluters.
Covid-19: a catalyst for cybercrime?
Authors: Bou Sleiman Mohamed , Gerdemann Simon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic is keeping the world on tenterhooks, the last few months have also led to a new wave of cybercrime. The following article analyzes the background and manifestations of pandemic-related cybercrimes and shows how our criminal law systems are able to deal with current challenges in the age of the coronavirus.
Strategies to prevent hospital readmission and death in patients with chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bamforth Ryan J. , Chhibba Ruchi , Ferguson Thomas W. , Sabourin Jenna , Pieroni Domenic , Askin Nicole , Tangri Navdeep , Komenda Paul , Rigatto Claudio 
Published: April 2021

Background
Readmission following hospital discharge is common and is a major financial burden on healthcare systems.

Objectives
Our objectives were to 1) identify studies describing post-discharge interventions and their efficacy with respect to reducing risk of mortality and rate of hospital readmission; and 2) identify intervention characteristics associated with efficacy.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE and CINAHL. Our selection criteria included randomized controlled trials comparing post-discharge interventions with usual care on rates of hospital readmission and mortality in high-risk chronic disease patient populations. We used random effects meta-analyses to estimate pooled risk ratios for all-cause and cause-specific mortality as well as all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization.

Results
We included 31 randomized controlled trials encompassing 9654 patients (24 studies in CHF, 4 in COPD, 1 in both CHF and COPD, 1 in CKD and 1 in an undifferentiated population). Meta-analysis showed post-discharge interventions reduced cause-specific (RR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.63–0.80) and all cause (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.81–0.99) hospitalization, all-cause (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.65–0.83) and cause-specific mortality (RR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.54–0.84) in CHF studies, and all-cause hospitalization (RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32–0.83) in COPD studies. The inclusion of a cardiac nurse in the multidisciplinary team was associated with greater efficacy in reducing all-cause mortality among patients discharged after heart failure admission (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.54–0.75 vs. HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.73–1.03).

Conclusions
Post-discharge interventions reduced all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and cause-specific hospitalization in CHF patients and all-cause hospitalization in COPD patients. The presence of a cardiac nurse was associated with greater efficacy in included studies. Additional research is needed on the impact of post-discharge intervention strategies in COPD and CKD patients.
Psychometric properties of a screening tool for autism in the community—The Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ)
Authors: Chakraborty Satabdi , Bhatia Triptish , Sharma Vikas , Antony Nitin , Das Dhritishree , Sahu Sushree , Sharma Satyam , Shriharsh Vandana , Brar Jaspreet S. , Iyengar Satish , Singh Ravinder , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. , Deshpande Smita Neelkanth 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionCurrently available screening questionnaires for Autism spectrum disorders were tested in developed countries, but many require additional training and many are unsuitable for older individuals, thus reducing their utility in lower/ middle- income countries. We aimed to derive a simplified questionnaire that could be used to screen persons in India.MethodsWe have previously validated Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA), that is now mandated for disability assessment by the Government of India. This detailed tool requires intensive training and it is time consuming. It was used to derive a new screening questionnaire: 1) items most frequently scored as positive by participants with autism in original ISAA validation study were modified for binary scoring following expert review. 2) In a new sample, clinically diagnosed individuals with/without autism were administered the screening tool and ISAA following written informed consent. Its psychometric properties were determined.ResultsA 10-item scale named Indian Autism Screening Questionnaire (IASQ) was prepared in Hindi and English. Thereafter 145 parents/caregivers of participants (autism, n = 90, other psychiatric disorders, n = 55) (ages 3–18), were administered IASQ and ISAA (parents/caregivers plus observation) by separate interviewers, blind to each other and to diagnosis. At a cutoff of 1, sensitivity was 99%, specificity 62%, Positive Predictive Value 81%, and Negative Predictive Value 95%. Test-retest reliability was r = 0.767 (CI = 0.62–0.86) and interrater reliability- Krippendorff”s-alpha was 0.872. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) was 95%. There was a significant difference on IASQ-scores between participants with and without a clinical diagnosis of Autism (t = 14.57, p<0.0001).DiscussionThe IASQ is a simple, easy to use screening tool with satisfactory reliability and validity, that can be administered to caregivers in 15 minutes and provides information about DSM 5 criteria for autism. It may be applicable outside India, following additional adaptation, for community-based studies.
SARS-CoV-2 testing strategy: A comparison of restricted and extended strategies in a Swiss outpatient cohort from the community and hospital employees
Authors: Baggio Stéphanie , Spechbach Hervé , Vernaz Nathalie , Guessous Idris , Gétaz Laurent , Kaiser Laurent , Chappuis François , Salamun Julien , Jacquerioz Frédérique 
Published: April 2021

Background
Testing is a key measure to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we empirically compared two SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies.

Methods
We used data from a Swiss single-centre, outpatient cohort study (n = 6,331 test results). A “restricted” strategy was applied to individuals with respiratory symptoms and/or fever and selected risk factors, or an epidemiological link and an “extended” strategy included any clinical symptoms without restriction, irrespective of risk factors and exposure. Data on infection, symptoms, viral load were collected during the first wave (March 11-April 21, 2020) and patients were followed up for clinical complications and hospitalisations until August 31, 2020.

Findings
Infection, clinical complications, and hospitalisation rates were lower for those in the extended strategy compared with the restricted strategy (17.2% vs. 25.0%, 12.3% vs. 20.8%, and 0.7% vs. 2.3%). In the whole cohort, participants included in the extended strategy had a lower number of symptoms (3.51 vs. 4.57; p < .001) and visits occurred earlier after symptom onset (0–3 days: 59.2% vs. 44.2%; p < .001). Among positive cases, the viral load was higher for the extended strategy (p < .001).

Conclusions
These findings highlighted the crucial importance to implement a widespread testing strategy to achieve a better understanding of the infection, to mount an effective control response, by capturing people when their viral load is highest. A widespread test strategy should be available without barriers to help break the chains of transmission.
Injury deaths in Australian sport and recreation: Identifying and assessing priorities for prevention
Authors: Fortington Lauren V. , McIntosh Andrew S. , Finch Caroline F. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Sport and recreation is beneficial for health and wellbeing but comes with a probability of loss, including occasional fatal injuries. Following high-profile injury deaths in Australia, concerns are raised regarding the safety of sport participation. To understand the scale and scope of injury deaths, and identify potential prevention opportunities, the aim of this investigation was to describe the number and nature of fatal injuries in Australian sport and recreation.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of injury deaths reported between 1 July 2000 to 31 December 2019 using data from the National Coronial Information System, Australia. Unintentional deaths with an external cause, where the activity was recorded as sport and exercise during leisure time were included. Drowning deaths were excluded. Presented are the number and % of cases by age, sex, sport, broad cause and annual crude death rate (population).

Results
There were 1192 deaths, averaging 63 per year. Deaths were mostly in males (84.4%), with the largest proportion in people aged 15–24 years (23.1%). Wheeled motor (26.9%) and non-motor (16.2%) sports accounted for the highest proportion of cases. The primary mechanism of death was most commonly blunt force (85.4%), followed by piercing/penetrating force (5.0%). The years 2001 and 2005 recorded the highest crude injury death rate (2001, n = 92, 0.47 per 100,000 population; 2005, n = 95, 0.47 per 100,000 population).

Conclusions
On average, there is more than one injury death per week in a sport or recreation setting in Australia. Cases occurred in many sports and recreation activities, including those generally considered to be safe (e.g. individual athletic activities, team ball sports.) Detailed investigation of the coronial recommendations that are present within each case is now needed to understand and identify potential prevention opportunities.
Mental health difficulties, coping mechanisms and support systems among school-going adolescents in Ghana: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Addy Noella Dufie , Agbozo Faith , Runge-Ranzinger Silvia , Grys Pauline 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAlthough adolescents are highly vulnerable to mental health challenges, they receive little attention, especially in developing countries. We investigated the mental health difficulties (MHDs) faced by adolescent students in four senior high schools in Ghana, their coping strategies and support systems.MethodsIn this convergent mixed-methods study, quantitative data was obtained using validated strengths and difficulties questionnaire to assess the mental health of 405 adolescents. Qualitative data was collected through in-depth interview with 18 teachers and seven focused group discussions with 35 students. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for MHDs were estimated through ordinal logistic regression in Stata 14.2. Qualitative data was analyzed inductively and deductively using ATLAS.ti 7.1.ResultsOver half (58.5%) experienced peer (20.5%), emotional (16.3%), conduct (13.3%) and hyperactivity (3.0%) problems, whereas 5.4% exhibited prosocial behaviours. MHDs were associated with females (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.47–3.50), bullying (OR = 1.72, CI: 1.07–2.75), domestic violence (OR = 1.87, CI: 1.10–3.17), substance abuse (OR = 8.14, CI: 1.41–46.8), academic pressure (OR = 2.40, CI: 1.30–4.42) and self-perceived poor school performance (OR = 7.36 CI: 2.83–19.16). Qualitatively, we identified financial challenges, spiritual influences, intimate relationships, bullying, and domestic violence as the main themes attributed to MHDs. Coping strategies included isolation, substance use and spiritual help. The main school-based support system was the guidance and counselling unit, but there were complaints of it been ineffective due to trust and confidentially issues, and non-engagement of qualified counsellors.ConclusionsAs many triggers of MHDs emanate in schools, we need mental health-friendly school environments where trained psychotherapists head counselling centres. We propose incorporating mental health education into school curricula and generating surveillance data on adolescent’s mental health.
Prognostic impact of early adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in non-HIV oncology or haematology patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Assal Mehdi , Lambert Jérôme , Chow-Chine Laurent , Bisbal Magali , Servan Luca , Gonzalez Frederic , de Guibert Jean Manuel , Faucher Marion , Vey Norbert , Sannini Antoine , Mokart Djamel 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
While early adjunctive corticosteroid therapy (EACST) has been proven effective in HIV patients with Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia (PJP), data remains controversial concerning non-HIV oncology or haematology patients.

Methods
This retrospective study included cancer patients without HIV and with diagnosis of PJP admitted in a cancer referral centre, from January-1-2010 to March-31-2017. We compared 30-day and 1-year mortality rate, change in the respiratory item of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score(SOFA-resp worsening), use of tracheal intubation between day-1 and day-5 of anti-pneumocystis therapy and occurrence of coinfections between patients with EACST and those with no or late corticosteroid therapy, using an inverse probability weighting propensity score-based (IPW) analysis.

Results
133 non-HIV oncology or haematology PJP patients were included (EACST n = 58, others n = 75). The main underlying conditions were haematological malignancies (n = 107, 80,5%), solid tumour (n = 27, 20,3%) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (n = 17, 12,8%). Overall 30-day and 1-year mortality rate was 24,1% and 56,4%, respectively. IPW analysis found no difference on 30-day (HR = 1.45, 95% CI [0.7–3.04], p = 0.321) and 1-year (HR = 1.25, CI 95% [0.75–2.09], p = 0.39) mortality rate between groups.

Conclusion
No difference in SOFA-resp worsening, tracheal intubation and coinfections was found between groups. Combination of EACST with anti-pneumocystis therapy in non-HIV onco-haematology PJP-patients was not associated with clinical improvement.
Abundance of the exploited red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) on the island of Trinidad
Authors: Rostant Luke , Nelson Howard , Devenish-Nelson Eleanor , Beddoe Lee Ann , Nathai-Gyan Nadra , Agard John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite their economic, ecological and cultural importance, few studies have examined the population size, distribution and trends of the red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) on the island of Trinidad. This study reports densities of agouti on Trinidad during a three-year period, including two years of a moratorium on hunting. Diurnal transect surveys were conducted and density estimates were calculated using the DISTANCE programme and King’s Estimator. Density varied between 7 and 44 individuals/km2 between different sites, 19–28 individuals/km2 island-wide, and with two of four sites showing a potential decline in estimated density in the final year of sampling after hunting resumed.
Personalized and targeted therapies
Authors: Wiśniewska Magdalena , Wiśniewski Michał , Lewandowska Marzena A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biomarker is defined as indicator of normal or pathogenic biological process or response to an intervention or exposure. There are several categories of biomarkers but predictive biomarkers play the most important role in the treatment of neoplasms. In some cancers there may be more than one potential biomarker, and their identification determines the treatment of the patient. Identification of predictive biomarkers allows the development of novel targeted therapies resulting in tailored treatment. In this chapter we discuss most important predictive biomarkers used in contemporary oncology for which there is approved therapies.
Bismuth vanadate pigments
Authors: Pfaff Gerhard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bismuth vanadate pigments belong to the most important inorganic yellow pigments since their market introduction in the 1970s. They have substituted the greenish yellow lead chromate and cadmium sulfide pigments in a considerable number of applications. Bismuth vanadate pigments are based on bismuth vanadate with monoclinic or tetragonal structure. Their composition ranges from pure BiVO4 up to the mixed pigment 4BiVO4▪3Bi2MoO6, where molybdenum is incorporated in the structure. Bismuth vanadate pigments are characterized by excellent optical and application characteristics in particular regarding brightness of shade, hiding power, tinting strength, weather fastness, and chemical resistance.
Internal Erosion of a 0–5 mm Crushed Sand in a Rigid Wall-Permeameter: Experimental Methods and Results
Authors: Molina-Gomez Ana-Maria , Chapuis Robert P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article deals with internal erosion in 0–5 mm crushed sand, a material used in urban facilities. Several methods, designed for natural materials, predicted a risk of internal erosion for the crushed sand. The real risk was evaluated in clear-wall, watertight and airtight, rigid-wall permeameters with lateral piezometers. Each test started with a fully saturated specimen, verified by a mass-and-volume method. In their initial condition, the specimens were homogeneous, as directly confirmed by three methods. Each erosion test included successive seepage steps at a constant mean gradient. Migration of fine particles was observed through the clear wall. Dyed water colored three or four preferential seepage paths inside the specimen, not along the wall, confirming that the preparation method was correct. The predictive methods correctly forecast the size of mobile particles but overestimated the gradient that triggered the internal erosion process. The tests were the first ones to include nonreactive tracer tests, which gave the effective porosity value at different gradient steps. This value decreased with internal erosion, a novel result, which quantified the fact that more seepage concentrated in preferential seepage paths. Nonreactive tracer tests can thus be used to quantify the formation of preferential seepage paths.
Reciprocal Lateral Hypothalamic and Raphe GABAergic Projections Promote Wakefulness
Authors: Gazea Mary , Furdan Szabina , Sere Péter , Oesch Lukas , Molnár Benedek , Di Giovanni Giuseppe , Fenno Lief E. , Ramakrishnan Charu , Mattis Joanna , Deisseroth Karl , Dymecki Susan M. , Adamantidis Antoine R. , Lőrincz Magor L. 
Published: April 2021

The lateral hypothalamus (LH), together with multiple neuromodulatory systems of the brain, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), is implicated in arousal, yet interactions between these systems are just beginning to be explored. Using a combination of viral tracing, circuit mapping, electrophysiological recordings from identified neurons, and combinatorial optogenetics in mice, we show that GABAergic neurons in the LH selectively inhibit GABAergic neurons in the DR, resulting in increased firing of a substantial fraction of its neurons that ultimately promotes arousal. These DRGABAneurons are wake active and project to multiple brain areas involved in the control of arousal, including the LH, where their specific activation potently influences local network activity leading to arousal from sleep. Our results show how mutual inhibitory projections between the LH and the DR promote wakefulness and suggest a complex arousal control by intimate interactions between long-range connections and local circuit dynamics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Multiple brain systems including the lateral hypothalamus and raphe serotonergic system are involved in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle, yet the interaction between these systems have remained elusive. Here we show that mutual disinhibition mediated by long range inhibitory projections between these brain areas can promote wakefulness. The main importance of this work relies in revealing the interaction between a brain area involved in autonomic regulation and another in controlling higher brain functions including reward, patience, mood and sensory coding.