bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Administration of Neuropeptide Y Significantly Antagonized Chronic Stress Responses via Central Gabaa Receptors in Male Rats
Authors: Yang Yu , Yu Haijie , Babygirija Reji , Shi Bei , Sun Weinan , Zheng Xiaojiao , Zheng Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Stress is widely believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Central neuropeptide Y (NPY) counteracts the biological actions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and in turn attenuates stress responses. Administration (intracerebroventricular, ICV) of NPY, significantly antagonized the inhibitory effects of chronic complicated stress (CCS) on gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility in rats. However, ICV administration is an invasive technique. The effect of intranasal administration of NPY on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and GI motility in CCS conditions have not been studied, and the inhibitory mechanism of NPY on CRF through the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor needs to be further investigated. A CCS rat model was set up, NPY was intranasal administered every day prior to the stress loading. Further, a GABAA receptor antagonist was ICV injected daily. Central CRF and NPY expression were evaluated, serum corticosterone and NPY levels were analyzed, and colonic motor functions was assessed. CCS rats showed significantly increased CRF expression and corticosterone levels, which resulted in enhanced colonic motor functions. Intranasal NPY significantly increased central NPY mRNA expression and reduced central CRF mRNA expression as well as the plasma corticosterone level, helping to restore colonic motor functions. However, ICV administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist significantly abolished these effects. Intranasal administration of NPY upregulates the hypothalamic NPY system. NPY may, through the GABAA receptor, significantly antagonize the overexpressed central CRF and attenuate the HPA axis activities in CCS conditions, exerting influences and helping to restore colonic motor function.
Application of Endoport-Assisted Neuroendoscopic Techniques in&nbsp;Lateral Ventricular Tumor Surgery
Authors: Yan Chaolong , Yan Huiying , Jin Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study was to review the experience of Endoport-assisted neuroendoscopic surgery for lateral ventricular tumors resection, investigate the therapeutic efficiency and discuss the key points. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 16 patients suffering from lateral ventricular tumors. All the patients received Endoport-assisted neuroendoscopic surgery from January 2018 to June 2020 in the department of neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. ResultsAll the patients received standardized treatment according to the preoperative image data and the postoperative pathology of the tumors. Endoport-assisted Neuroendoscopic surgery achieved complete removal of lateral ventricular tumors in 14 cases (87.5%) and subtotal removal in 2 cases (12.5%, glioma). The perioperative complications were analyzed, 1 acute epidural hematoma occurred during surgery, 1 hemiplegia and 2 obstructive hydrocephalus occurred after surgery. All the complications were managed timely. During the long-time follow up, the patient with glioblastoma died 16 months after surgery, the other patients are still alive with Glasgow outcome scales not less than 4.ConclusionEndoport-assisted neuroendoscopic surgery is suitable for the resection of lateral ventricular tumors. This procedure is simple, effective, minimally invasive, and associated with fast postoperative recovery.
Nursing piglet ionomics-metabolome responses to different dietary copper levels in antibiotic-free creep feed
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zheng Weijiang , Xue Yongqiang , Yao Wen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Ionomics is a novel method to investigate the mechanism underlying the cross-talk and homeostasis of trace elements in animals. Research has not yet determined the composition and distribution of trace elements in piglets and their variations under diverse dietary high-level copper. Results: In this study, the growth performance was calculated from 180 nursing piglets which access to antibiotic-free creep feed including different copper level: 6, 20, and 300 mg·kg-1 Cu (CuSO4), and offered ad libitum from d 14 until weaning at 40 days of age. In HC (300 mg·kg-1 Cu ) group, the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) increased during d 14 to 28, but ADG was decreased with extension of feeding time (d 29 to 40). The ionomics profiles (hair, serum, and feces) and the correlations with serum and fecal metabolites were further analyzed. The hair Na, K, Cu, and fecal Cu concentrations were increased in HC group than other groups. The hair Na and K were negatively correlated with serum TNF-α and fecal inosine, while positively correlated with serum insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1); the hair Cu was negatively correlated with serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total bile acid (TBA) and fecal putrescine, glucose-6-phosphate, fumaric acid; the fecal Cu was positively correlated with serum growth hormone, negatively correlated with fecal methionine, pantothenic acid, and uracil. Further metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the hair Cu was negatively correlated with phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism and mitochondrial electron transport chain pathways; fecal Cu was negatively correlated with betaine metabolism, and pantothenate, and CoA biosynthesis pathways. Conclusions: Dietary 300 mg·kg-1 copper promoted growth in the short term, and altered the ion balance, further affected the metabolic homeostasis, harm to the health of piglets; dietary 20 mg·kg-1 copper maintain ion homeostasis due to preservation of the interactions between macro and micro elements and suitable to meet the nutritional needs of nursing piglets. These results may benefit people to understand the molecular mechanism of ionomics effects on human and piglets’ health.
Effect of roof colour on indoor temperature and human comfort levels, with implications for malaria control: a pilot study using experimental houses in rural Gambia
Authors: Carrasco-Tenezaca Majo , Jawara Musa , Bradley John , Pinder Margaret , D’Alessandro Umberto , Knudsen Jakob , Lindsay Steve 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

In rural sub-Saharan Africa, thatch roofs are being replaced by metal roofs. Metal roofing, however, increases indoor temperatures above human comfort levels, and thus makes it more likely that residents will not use an insecticide-treated bednet (ITN) at night. We assessed whether the colour of a metal roof affects indoor temperature and human comfort.
Methods

Two identical, experimental houses were constructed with metal roofs in rural Gambia. Roof types were: (1) original bare-metal, (2) painted with red oxide primer or (3) white gloss, to reflect solar radiation. Pairwise comparisons were run in six, five-night blocks during the malaria season 2018. Indoor climate was measured in each house and multivariate analysis used to compare indoor temperatures during the day and night.
Results

From 21.00 h to 23.59 h, when most residents decide whether to use an ITN or not, the indoor temperature of a house with a bare metal roof was 31.5 ºC (95%CI = 31.2–31.8 ºC), a red roof, 30.3 ºC (95%CI = 30.0-30.6) and a white roof, 29.8 ºC (95%CI = 29.4–30.1). During the same period, red-roofed houses were 1.23 oC cooler (95%CI = 1.22–1.23) and white roofs 1.74 oC cooler (95%CI = 1.70–1.79) than bare-metal roofed houses (p < 0.001). Similar results were found from 00.00 h to 06.00 h. Maximum daily temperatures were 0.93 oC lower in a white-roofed house (95%CI = 0.10–0.30, p < 0.001), but not a red roof (mean maximum temperature difference = 0.44 oC warmer, 95%CI = 0.43–0.45, p = 0.081), compared with the bare-metal roofed houses. Human comfort analysis showed that from 21.00 h to 23.59 h houses with white roofs (comfortable for 87% time) were more comfortable than bare-metal roofed houses (comfortable for 13% time; odds ratio = 43.7, 95%CI:27.5–69.5, p < 0.001). The cost of painting a metal roof white is approximately 31–68 USD.
Conclusions

Houses with a white roof were consistently cooler and more comfortable than those with a bare metal roof. Painting the roofs of houses white is a cheap way of making a dwelling more comfortable for the occupants and could potentially increase bed-net use in hot humid countries.
Tolerability of MenACWY-TT&nbsp;Vaccination in Toddlers in the Netherlands; A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Kemmeren Jeanet , Balveren L. van , Kant A. , Melker H de 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In May 2018, the monovalent MenC-TT conjugate vaccine given at 14 months of age within the National Immunization Programme in the Netherlands was replaced by a 4-valent MenACWY-TT conjugate vaccine. Methods: Results from a questionnaire about local reactions and systemic events within 4 days after vaccination were compared with data from a comparable tolerability study of a monovalent MenC-TT vaccine. Results: The response rate was 5.5% (1157/20966 questionnaires). Any local reaction was reported for 3.7% of the toddlers, with the highest percentage found for local redness at the injection site (2.9%). Any systemic event was reported for 32.4% of the toddlers, with listlessness (22.4%) most often reported. Fever was the only symptom more frequently reported after MenACWY-TT vaccination compared with MenC-TT vaccination (adj OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.29-2.01).Conclusions: the 4-valent MenACWY-TT vaccine showed to be a little more reactogenic compared with to the monovalent MenC-TT vaccine, with a higher risk of fever within 4 days after vaccination. For the other factors no increased risks were found. Overall, this study shows that MenACWY-TT vaccination is well tolerated in toddlers.
Characterizing Social-ecological Context and Success Factors of Antimicrobial Resistance&nbsp;Interventions Across the One Health Spectrum: Analysis of 42 Interventions Targeting E. Coli
Authors: Léger Anaïs , Lambraki Irene , Graells Tiscar , Cousins Melanie , Henriksson Patrik JG , Harbarth Stephan , Carson Carolee A. , Majowicz Shannon E. , Troell Max , Parmley Jane E , Jørgensen Peter S , Wernli Didier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing One Health issues. While interventions and policies with various targets and goals have been implemented, evidence about factors underpinning success and failure of interventions in different sectors is lacking. The objective of this study is to identify characteristics of AMR interventions that increase their capacity to impact AMR. This study focuses on AMR interventions targeting E. coli.Methods. We used the AMR-Intervene framework to extract descriptions of the social and ecological systems of interventions to determine factors contributing to their success. Results. We identified 52 scientific publications referring to 42 unique E. coli AMR interventions. We mainly identified interventions implemented in high-income countries (36/42), at the national level (16/42), targeting primarily one sector of society (37/42) that was mainly the human sector (25/42). Interventions were primarily funded by governments (38/42). Most intervention targeted a low leverage point in the AMR system, (36/42), and aimed to change the epidemiology of AMR (14/42). Among all included publications, 55% (29/52) described at least one success factor or obstacle (29/52) and 19% (10/52) identified at least one success factor and one obstacle. Most reported success factors related to communication between the actors and stakeholders and the role of media, and stressed the importance of collaboration between disciplines and external partners. Described obstacles covered data quality, access to data and statistical analyses, and the validity of the results. Conclusions. Overall, we identified a lack of diversity regarding interventions. In addition, most published E. coli interventions were poorly described with limited evidence of the factors that contributed to the intervention success or failure. Design and reporting guidelines would help to improve reporting quality and provide a valuable tool for improving the science of AMR interventions.
Presepsin and Prognostic Nutritional Index are predictors of septic acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy initiation in sepsis patients, and prognosis in septic acute kidney injury patients: a pilot study
Authors: Shimoyama Yuichiro , Umegaki Osamu , Kadono Noriko , Minami Toshiaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Sepsis is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) among critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine whether presepsin is a predictor of septic acute kidney injury, renal replacement therapy initiation (RRTi) in sepsis patients, and prognosis in septic AKI patients.
Methods

Presepsin values were measured immediately after ICU admission (baseline) and on Days 2, 3, and 5 after ICU admission. Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, Prognostic Index, and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) were measured at baseline. Total scores were calculated (hereafter, “inflammation-presepsin scores [iPS]”) for category classification. Presepsin values, inflammation-based prognostic scores, and iPS were compared between patients with and without septic AKI or RRTi and between survivors and non-survivors.
Results

Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses identified the following variables as predictors of septic AKI and RRTi in sepsis patients: presepsin on Day 1 (AUC: 0.73) and Day 2 (AUC: 0.71) for septic AKI, and presepsin on Day 1 (AUC: 0.71), Day 2 (AUC: 0.9), and Day 5 (AUC: 0.96), Δpresepsin (Day 2 – Day 1) (AUC: 0.84), Δpresepsin (Day 5 – Day 1) (AUC: 0.93), and PNI (AUC: 0.72) for RRTi. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified presepsin on Day 2 as a predictor of prognosis in septic AKI patients.
Conclusions

Presepsin and PNI were found to be predictors of septic AKI, RRTi in sepsis patients, and prognosis in septic AKI patients.
Dried blood spot specimens for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing: A multi-site, multi-assay comparison
Authors: Cholette François , Mesa Christine , Harris Angela , Ellis Hannah , Cachero Karla , Lacap Philip , Galipeau Yannick , Langlois Marc-André , Gingras Anne-Claude , Yansouni Cedric P. , Papenburg Jesse , Cheng Matthew P. , Chakraborty Pranesh , Stein Derek R. , Caeseele Paul Van , Bartlett Sofia , Krajden Mel , Goldfarb David , McGeer Allison , Osiowy Carla , Hankins Catherine , Mazer Bruce , Drebot Michael , Kim John 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The true severity of infection due to COVID-19 is under-represented because it is based on only those who are tested. Although nucleic acid amplifications tests (NAAT) are the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostic testing, serological assays provide better population-level SARS-CoV-2 prevalence estimates. Implementing large sero-surveys present several logistical challenges within Canada due its unique geography including rural and remote communities. Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a practical solution but comparative performance data on SARS-CoV-2 serological tests using DBS is currently lacking. Here we present test performance data from a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 DBS panel sent to laboratories across Canada representing 10 commercial and 2 in-house developed tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Three commercial assays identified all positive and negative DBS correctly corresponding to a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI = 72.2, 100). Two in-house assays also performed equally well. In contrast, several commercial assays could not achieve a sensitivity greater than 40% or a negative predictive value greater than 60%. Our findings represent the foundation for future validation studies on DBS specimens that will play a central role in strengthening Canada’s public health policy in response to COVID-19.
CVD grown Graphene Microfilms as a Promising Microscaled Solid Lubricant for the Lubrication of Silicon MEMS Devices
Authors: Chhattal Muhammad , Ghaffar Abdul , Dharejo Fayaz Ali , Ali Salamat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Friction, wear, stiction, adhesion, and absence of suitable lubrication methods are important challenges, severely restricting and limiting the expeditious development of Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. This paper aims to explore the potential of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene microfilms for the lubrication of sliding silicon MEMS devices to reduce friction and wear problems. A novel silicon-based pin-on-disk friction-pair is designed to mimic sliding MEMS working conditions. Pure graphene-based microfilms are fabricated on the Cu substrate via a CVD method and transferred to the silicon substrate via the PMMA transfer method. To investigate microfilms' surface quality and morphology, microfilms are characterized via Raman spectroscopy, AFM, and SEM. For the tribological performance evaluation, different tribological tests were conducted using the microtribometer. Results show that microfilms remarkably reduced the friction coefficient and wear in the MEMS devices; however, microfilms' tribological performance depends on the roughness and the number of films on the specimen. This remarkable tribological performance suggests that graphene microfilms have the potential to increase the reliability and wear lifespan of MEMS devices. It is foreseeable that this lubrication method can be a step towards the expeditious industrial development of silicon MEMS devices.
Causal Factors and Delayed Referral of Patients of Acute Secondary Peritonitis at Herat Regional Hospital-2018-2019; a Retrospective Study
Authors: Faqiri Sayed Azim , Fazli Mohammad Rafi , Kiani Behyar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: acute secondary peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum. Surgeons in this field face this deadly pathology, and in Afghanistan, where health services have not yet been systematically standardized, the establishment of this pathology is more likely to be challenging. The aim of this study was to address the most causal factors as well as causes of delayed referral of acute secondary peritonitis at the only tertiary referral hospital in west region of Afghanistan, Herat Regional Hospital. Results: 496 patients were operated with diagnosis of acute secondary peritonitis. 58% of patients were male and the highest age group were being from 10-19 years old (32.25%). 75.21% of these patients had a delay of more than 24 hours from the onset of the first complaint to laparotomy with the highest number (23.18%) delays for 3 days, even 2 patients had symptoms for 31 to 60 days (0.40%). The most common symptoms were abdominal pain with 97%, followed by nausea and vomiting 81% and anorexia 74%. Among all pathologies, acute appendicitis was the most common cause of peritonitis (64.5%) followed by small bowel perforation (9.7%) and peptic ulcer perforation (8.5%). According to late referral 79% started medical treatment after consulting a general doctor, 15% didn’t come to health facilities due to long distances and 6% started home treatment due to wrong believes. Conclusion: According to our research, there is still some acute abdomen patients who come late to health facilities and this is because of the limited resources, cultural issues and lack of the knowledge of the general doctors. In order to decrease the number of these patients we need to expand knowledge of both patients and health staffs, in another word consulting abdominal pain patients should be obligatory by surgeons.
Investigation of interaction between cellulase and residual lignin fractions in acid-pretreated bamboo residues and their effect on enzymatic digestibility
Authors: Lin Wenqian , Yang Jinlai , Zheng Yayue , Huang Caoxing , Yong Qiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: During dilute acid pretreatment, pseudo lignin and lignin form droplets which deposit on the surface of lignocellulose, and further inhibit its enzymatic hydrolysis. However, how this lignin interacts with cellulase enzymes and then affects enzymatic hydrolysis is still unknown. In this work, different fractions of surface lignin (SL) obtained from dilute acid pretreated bamboo residues (DAP-BR) were extracted by various organic reagents and the residual lignin in extracted DAP-BR was obtained by milled wood lignin (MWL) method. All the obtained lignin fractions from DAP-BR were used to investigate the interaction mechanism between lignin and cellulase using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology in order to understand how they affect enzymatic hydrolysisResults: Results showed that removing surface lignin significantly decrease the enzymatic hydrolysis of DAP-BR from 36.5% to 18.6%. The addition of MWL samples to Avicel decreased enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel, while different SL samples showed a slight increase to its enzymatic digestibility. Due to the higher molecular weight and hydrophobicity of MWL samples versus the SL samples, stronger affinity for MWL (KD = 6.8-24.7 nM) was found versus that of SL (KD = 39.4-52.6 nM) by SPR analysis. The affinity constant of all tested lignin had good correlations (R2>0.6) with their effects on enzymatic digestibility of extracted DAP-BR and Avicel.Conclusions: This work reveals that the surface lignin on DAP-BR is necessary towards maintaining enzyme digestibility levels, and its removal has a negative impact on the substrate’s digestibility.
Field in Field Technique (FIF) Technique With Intra-fractionally Modulated Junction Shifts for Cranio-spinal Irradiation (FSI) Planning With 3D-CRT.
Authors: Ali Shabbir Hussain A. , Hafeez Abdul , Nazim Hira , Gohar Rahim , Mallick Jawaid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

To plan craniospinal irradiation (CSI) with ‘‘field-in-field’’ (FIF) homogenization technique in combination with daily, intra-fractional modulation of the field junctions, to minimize the possibility of spinal cord overdose. Photon-based techniques for CSI may result in dose inhomogeneity within the treatment volume and usually require a weekly manual shift of the field junctions to minimize the possibility of spinal cord overdose. Nowadays FIF technique is used to feather out the dose inhomogeneity caused by multiple fields. We have started using this technique after acquiring advanced technology machines in recent years.
Methods and Materials:

16 patients treated with 3D-CRT for CSI were retrospectively chosen for analysis. These patients were treated during 2016–2017. Contouring of PTV and OAR were done and planning done on Eclipse TM TPS (Varian). These patients were planned with Lateral cranio-cervical fields and posterior spinal fields using a forward-planned, FIF technique. Field junctions were automatically modulated and custom-weighted for maximal homogeneity within each treatment fraction. Dose volume histogram (DVH) was used for analysis of results. A corresponding plan without FIF technique was planned and maximum dose at the junction was noted for each patient with both plans and the readings were evaluated.
Results

Plan inhomogeneity improved with FIF technique. It provided consistent dose delivery during each fraction of treatment across the junctions. The maximum doses calculated at the junction were higher in the CSI plans without FIF compared to those with FIF technique.
Conclusion

This paper hence proves that FIF technique is better in planning CSI.