bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial congenital arrhinia: never seen before adult presentation
Authors: Malakar S , Garg N , Gupta N 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundArrhinia is defined as the partial or complete absence of the nasal structures. It is a defect of embryonal origin and can be seen in association with other craniofacial anomalies, central nervous system anomalies, absence of paranasal sinuses, and other palatal and ocular abnormalities. Very few patients with arrhinia have been reported so far in the history of modern medicine.Case reportThis study reports an adult patient with congenital partial arrhinia and reviews the literature along with the embryological basis of such a rare disease.ConclusionArrhinia is a medical condition with scarce documentation in the literature. This article presents the clinical as well as radiological features of this rare entity.
Pass the buck or the buck stops here? The public costs of claiming and deflecting blame in managing crises
Authors: Miller David , Reeves Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhen things go wrong, and the government may be to blame, the public support enjoyed by elected executives is vulnerable. Because attribution of responsibility is often not straightforward, elected executives can influence citizens’ evaluations of their performance through presentational strategies, or explanatory frames which describe their roles in the management of the crisis. We examine the effectiveness of two ubiquitous presentational strategies: blame claiming, where the executive accepts responsibility, and blame deflecting, where the executive shifts blame to others. Using survey experiments incorporating stylised and real-world stimuli, we find that blame claiming is more effective than blame deflecting at managing public support in the aftermath of crises. In investigating the underlying mechanism, we find that blame claiming creates more favourable views of an executive’s leadership valence. While elected executives are better off avoiding crises, we find that when they occur, “stopping the buck” is a superior strategy to deflecting blame.
Percutaneous coarctation dilatation under transthoracic echocardiography guidance solely without fluoroscopy in neonate intensive care
Authors: Atmani Samir , Belmkaddem Said , Elkouach Moustapha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Neonatal coarctation has to be diagnosed and treated urgently. Actually, the surgical treatment is the main option. The coarctation dilatation is usually achieved under fluoroscopy guidance whenever indicated. Balloon angioplasty could be an alternative approach or transient measure in difficult cases with cardiogenic shock or severe cardiac insufficiency.In the reported case, we prove and discuss the major role of transthoracic echocardiography, which is used solely to guide the coarctation dilatation in neonate environment.Objective:The reported case aims to assess the safety and the efficiency of two-dimensional TEE to guide the dilatation of aortic coarctation in neonate.Case presentation:We describe successful dilatation of neonatal coarctation done exclusively using echocardiography in neonatal ICU at the bed. The procedure duration was 40 minutes (from the puncture to sheath removal). The coarctation was diagnosed easily and well described using TTE with good image quality obtained from supra-sternal plane and upper and left lateral view. TayShak balloon measuring 6 and 8 mm were used with a 0.018 French guided exchange wire.Complete relief of the coarctation was checked by TTE without recording any complication. The follow-up in the third month (the submission time of this manuscript) showed very good results without requiring any surgical intervention or additional restenosis.Conclusion:Our initial experience confirmed the safety and efficiency of coarctation dilatation using TTE as the only guidance tool at the bed in neonatal stage, especially in a case presenting severe metabolic and cardiac failure. This report suggests and encourages other potential applications in neonatology intensive care.
Percutaneous coronary intervention in a 4-month-old infant for stenosis of both coronary arteries after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Kim Hanna , Song Jinyoung , Kang I-Seok 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a case of percutaneous coronary intervention in a 4-month-old infant with both severe coronary stenosis and acute heart failure after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, balloon angioplasty of the left coronary artery with a 2.0 × 15-mm balloon and stent implantation on the right coronary artery with a 2.25 × 26-mm stent were performed successfully. Echocardiography after the intervention showed recovered cardiac function and no complications.
Mathematical Model and microCT-Based Kinematic Analysis of the Rostrum Mouthparts in Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Li Longhai , Guo Ce , Xu Shun , Guo Huafeng , Yu Ping , Liu Lei , Tian Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo uncover the chewing mechanism of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guer, a mathematical model was created and a kinematic analysis of its rostrum mouthparts was conducted for, to our knowledge, the first time. To reduce noise and improve the quality of scanning electron micrographs of the weevil's mouthparts, nonlocal means and integral nonlocal means algorithms were proposed. Additionally, based on a comparison and analysis of five classical edge detection algorithms, a multiscale edge detection algorithm based on the B-spline wavelet was used to obtain the boundaries of structural features. The least squares method was used to analyze the data of the mouthparts to fit the mathematical model and fitted curves were obtained using Gaussian equations. The results show that curvature and concave–convex variations of the weevil's mouthparts can highlight fluctuations in friction effects when it chews bamboo shoots, which is helpful in preventing debris from bamboo shoots or other debris from sticking to the mouthpart surfaces. Moreover, this paper highlights the utility of micro-computed tomography (microCT) for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and a flowchart is suggested. The reconstructed slices were 9.0 μm thick and an accurate 3D rendered model was obtained from a series of microCT slices. Finally, a real model of the rostrum mouthparts was analyzed using finite-element analysis. The results provide a biological template for the design of a novel bionic drilling mechanism.
Dr James Croll: a product of his environment? An exploration of the natural, social, personal and economic factors that influenced his extraordinary life
Authors: ROBINSON Mike 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe quality and richness of Perthshire's natural environment were formative influences on a young James Croll (1821–1890), which left him with a life-long appreciation of nature, landscape and natural meditation. Although Croll himself declares to have had little interest in geology in his earlier years, it became a central theme of his scientific understanding, which implies the clear influence of both his local environment and of his father David, a stonemason. His family and friends also shaped him in other ways, not least his love of reading, his unconstrained thinking and intellectual acuity. He inherited his father's moral character, amiability and an excitement about intellectual inquiry, which drew friends to him who made great efforts to assist him in his work, both personally and professionally, and played a role in his being offered a position by James Geikie with the Geological Survey of Scotland. Croll's financial position was often precarious; he spent a good deal of his life in relative poverty. Whilst this affected his opportunities for formal learning, it may well have led to his ability to think creatively and to seek answers more broadly than he might have if he had been able to engage in a more formal education. Ill health, which affected him throughout his life, could be seen to both hamper his work – but also through circumstance lead him to pursue a more academic path, as other routes of work were shut off to him. Ultimately Whitefield, Wolfhill and the wider Perthshire countryside in which he grew up can clearly be seen to have influenced his life in many ways, even, perhaps, to the extent of his chosen surname.
On the Environmental Determinants of COVID‐19 Seasonality
Authors: Choi Yeon‐Woo , Tuel Alexandre , Eltahir Elfatih A. B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractViral respiratory diseases (VRDs), such as influenza and COVID‐19, are thought to spread faster during winter than during summer. It has been previously argued that cold and dry conditions are more conducive to the transmission of VRDs than warm and humid climates, although this relationship appears restricted to temperate regions and the causal relationship is not well understood. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID‐19 has emerged as a serious global public health problem after the first COVID‐19 reports in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. It is still unclear whether this novel respiratory disease will ultimately prove to be a seasonal endemic disease. Here, we suggest that air drying capacity (ADC; an atmospheric state variable that controls the fate/evolution of the virus‐laden droplets) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) are probable environmental determinants in shaping the transmission of COVID‐19 at the seasonal time scale. These variables, unlike temperature and humidity, provide a physically based framework consistent with the apparent seasonal variability in COVID‐19 and prevalent across a broad range of climates (e.g., Germany and India). Since this disease is known to be influenced by the compounding effect of social, biological, and environmental determinants, this study does not claim that these environmental determinants exclusively shape the seasonality of COVID‐19. However, we argue that ADC and UV play a significant role in COVID‐19 dynamics at the seasonal scale. These findings could help guide the development of a sound adaptation strategy against the pandemic over the coming seasons.
Safety and efficacy of meplazumab in healthy volunteers and COVID-19 patients: a randomized phase 1 and an exploratory phase 2 trial
Authors: Bian Huijie , Zheng Zhao-Hui , Wei Ding , Wen Aidong , Zhang Zheng , Lian Jian-Qi , Kang Wen-Zhen , Hao Chun-Qiu , Wang Jing , Xie Rong-Hua , Dong Ke , Xia Jie-Lai , Miao Jin-Lin , Kang Wen , Li Guoquan , Zhang Di , Zhang Mingru , Sun Xiu-Xuan , Ding Likun , Zhang Kui , Jia Junfeng , Ding Jin , Li Zhiqin , Jia Yanyan , Liu Lin-Na , Zhang Zhe , Gao Zhao-Wei , Du Hong , Yao Na , Wang Qing , Wang Ke , Geng Jie-Jie , Wang Bin , Guo Ting , Chen Ruo , Zhu Yu-Meng , Wang Li-Juan , He Qian , Yao Rui-Rui , Shi Ying , Yang Xiang-Min , Zhou Jian-Sheng , Ma Yi-Nan , Wang Ya-Tao , Liang Xue , Huo Fei , Wang Zhe , Zhang Yang , Yang Xu , Zhang Ye , Gao Lu-Hua , Wang Ling , Chen Xiao-Chun , Tang Hao , Liu Shuang-Shuang , Wang Qing-Yi , Chen Zhi-Nan , Zhu Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractsRecent evidence suggests that CD147 serves as a novel receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Blocking CD147 via anti-CD147 antibody could suppress the in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication. Meplazumab is a humanized anti-CD147 IgG2 monoclonal antibody, which may effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Here, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of meplazumab in healthy subjects, and an open-labeled, concurrent controlled add-on exploratory phase 2 study to determine the efficacy in COVID-19 patients. In phase 1 study, 59 subjects were enrolled and assigned to eight cohorts, and no serious treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) or TEAE grade ≥3 was observed. The serum and peripheral blood Cmax and area under the curve showed non-linear pharmacokinetic characteristics. No obvious relation between the incidence or titer of positive anti-drug antibody and dosage was observed in each cohort. The biodistribution study indicated that meplazumab reached lung tissue and maintained >14 days stable with the lung tissue/cardiac blood–pool ratio ranging from 0.41 to 0.32. In the exploratory phase 2 study, 17 COVID-19 patients were enrolled, and 11 hospitalized patients were involved as concurrent control. The meplazumab treatment significantly improved the discharged (P = 0.005) and case severity (P = 0.021), and reduced the time to virus negative (P = 0.045) in comparison to the control group. These results show a sound safety and tolerance of meplazumab in healthy volunteers and suggest that meplazumab could accelerate the recovery of patients from COVID-19 pneumonia with a favorable safety profile.
The nuclear receptor HNF4 drives a brush border gene program conserved across murine intestine, kidney, and embryonic yolk sac
Authors: Chen Lei , Luo Shirley , Dupre Abigail , Vasoya Roshan P. , Parthasarathy Aditya , Aita Rohit , Malhotra Raj , Hur Joseph , Toke Natalie H. , Chiles Eric , Yang Min , Cao Weihuan , Flores Juan , Ellison Christopher E. , Gao Nan , Sahota Amrik , Su Xiaoyang , Bonder Edward M. , Verzi Michael P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe brush border is comprised of microvilli surface protrusions on the apical surface of epithelia. This specialized structure greatly increases absorptive surface area and plays crucial roles in human health. However, transcriptional regulatory networks controlling brush border genes are not fully understood. Here, we identify that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) transcription factor is a conserved and important regulator of brush border gene program in multiple organs, such as intestine, kidney and yolk sac. Compromised brush border gene signatures and impaired transport were observed in these tissues upon HNF4 loss. By ChIP-seq, we find HNF4 binds and activates brush border genes in the intestine and kidney. H3K4me3 HiChIP-seq identifies that HNF4 loss results in impaired chromatin looping between enhancers and promoters at gene loci of brush border genes, and instead enhanced chromatin looping at gene loci of stress fiber genes in the intestine. This study provides comprehensive transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and a functional demonstration of a critical role for HNF4 in brush border gene regulation across multiple murine epithelial tissues.
Connectivity characterization of the mouse basolateral amygdalar complex
Authors: Hintiryan Houri , Bowman Ian , Johnson David L. , Korobkova Laura , Zhu Muye , Khanjani Neda , Gou Lin , Gao Lei , Yamashita Seita , Bienkowski Michael S. , Garcia Luis , Foster Nicholas N. , Benavidez Nora L. , Song Monica Y. , Lo Darrick , Cotter Kaelan R. , Becerra Marlene , Aquino Sarvia , Cao Chunru , Cabeen Ryan P. , Stanis Jim , Fayzullina Marina , Ustrell Sarah A. , Boesen Tyler , Tugangui Amanda J. , Zhang Zheng-Gang , Peng Bo , Fanselow Michael S. , Golshani Peyman , Hahn Joel D. , Wickersham Ian R. , Ascoli Giorgio A. , Zhang Li I. , Dong Hong-Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe basolateral amygdalar complex (BLA) is implicated in behaviors ranging from fear acquisition to addiction. Optogenetic methods have enabled the association of circuit-specific functions to uniquely connected BLA cell types. Thus, a systematic and detailed connectivity profile of BLA projection neurons to inform granular, cell type-specific interrogations is warranted. Here, we apply machine-learning based computational and informatics analysis techniques to the results of circuit-tracing experiments to create a foundational, comprehensive BLA connectivity map. The analyses identify three distinct domains within the anterior BLA (BLAa) that house target-specific projection neurons with distinguishable morphological features. We identify brain-wide targets of projection neurons in the three BLAa domains, as well as in the posterior BLA, ventral BLA, posterior basomedial, and lateral amygdalar nuclei. Inputs to each nucleus also are identified via retrograde tracing. The data suggests that connectionally unique, domain-specific BLAa neurons are associated with distinct behavior networks.
Early turbulence and pulsatile flows enhance diodicity of Tesla’s macrofluidic valve
Authors: Nguyen Quynh M. , Abouezzi Joanna , Ristroph Leif 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicrofluidics has enabled a revolution in the manipulation of small volumes of fluids. Controlling flows at larger scales and faster rates, or macrofluidics, has broad applications but involves the unique complexities of inertial flow physics. We show how such effects are exploited in a device proposed by Nikola Tesla that acts as a diode or valve whose asymmetric internal geometry leads to direction-dependent fluidic resistance. Systematic tests for steady forcing conditions reveal that diodicity turns on abruptly at Reynolds number $${\rm{Re}}\approx 200$$
Re
≈
200
and is accompanied by nonlinear pressure-flux scaling and flow instabilities, suggesting a laminar-to-turbulent transition that is triggered at unusually low $${\rm{Re}}$$
Re
. To assess performance for unsteady forcing, we devise a circuit that functions as an AC-to-DC converter, rectifier, or pump in which diodes transform imposed oscillations into directed flow. Our results confirm Tesla’s conjecture that diodic performance is boosted for pulsatile flows. The connections between diodicity, early turbulence and pulsatility uncovered here can inform applications in fluidic mixing and pumping.
Femtosecond control of phonon dynamics near a magnetic order critical point
Authors: Gorobtsov O. Yu. , Ponet L. , Patel S. K. K. , Hua N. , Shabalin A. G. , Hrkac S. , Wingert J. , Cela D. , Glownia J. M. , Zhu D. , Medapalli R. , Chollet M. , Fullerton E. E. , Artyukhin S. , Shpyrko O. G. , Singer A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe spin-phonon interaction in spin density wave (SDW) systems often determines the free energy landscape that drives the evolution of the system. When a passing energy flux, such as photoexcitation, drives a crystalline system far from equilibrium, the resulting lattice displacement generates transient vibrational states. Manipulating intermediate vibrational states in the vicinity of the critical point, where the SDW order parameter changes dramatically, would then allow dynamical control over functional properties. Here we combine double photoexcitation with an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) probe to control and detect the lifetime and magnitude of the intermediate vibrational state near the critical point of the SDW in chromium. We apply Landau theory to identify the mechanism of control as a repeated partial quench and sub picosecond recovery of the SDW. Our results showcase the capabilities to influence and monitor quantum states by combining multiple optical photoexcitations with an XFEL probe. They open new avenues for manipulating and researching the behaviour of photoexcited states in charge and spin order systems near the critical point.
Nucleosome plasticity is a critical element of chromatin liquid–liquid phase separation and multivalent nucleosome interactions
Authors: Farr Stephen E. , Woods Esmae J. , Joseph Jerelle A. , Garaizar Adiran , Collepardo-Guevara Rosana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important mechanism that helps explain the membraneless compartmentalization of the nucleus. Because chromatin compaction and LLPS are collective phenomena, linking their modulation to the physicochemical features of nucleosomes is challenging. Here, we develop an advanced multiscale chromatin model—integrating atomistic representations, a chemically-specific coarse-grained model, and a minimal model—to resolve individual nucleosomes within sub-Mb chromatin domains and phase-separated systems. To overcome the difficulty of sampling chromatin at high resolution, we devise a transferable enhanced-sampling Debye-length replica-exchange molecular dynamics approach. We find that nucleosome thermal fluctuations become significant at physiological salt concentrations and destabilize the 30-nm fiber. Our simulations show that nucleosome breathing favors stochastic folding of chromatin and promotes LLPS by simultaneously boosting the transient nature and heterogeneity of nucleosome–nucleosome contacts, and the effective nucleosome valency. Our work puts forward the intrinsic plasticity of nucleosomes as a key element in the liquid-like behavior of nucleosomes within chromatin, and the regulation of chromatin LLPS.
Device-independent quantum key distribution with random key basis
Authors: Schwonnek René , Goh Koon Tong , Primaatmaja Ignatius W. , Tan Ernest Y.-Z. , Wolf Ramona , Scarani Valerio , Lim Charles C.-W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDevice-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is the art of using untrusted devices to distribute secret keys in an insecure network. It thus represents the ultimate form of cryptography, offering not only information-theoretic security against channel attacks, but also against attacks exploiting implementation loopholes. In recent years, much progress has been made towards realising the first DIQKD experiments, but current proposals are just out of reach of today’s loophole-free Bell experiments. Here, we significantly narrow the gap between the theory and practice of DIQKD with a simple variant of the original protocol based on the celebrated Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality. By using two randomly chosen key generating bases instead of one, we show that our protocol significantly improves over the original DIQKD protocol, enabling positive keys in the high noise regime for the first time. We also compute the finite-key security of the protocol for general attacks, showing that approximately 108–1010 measurement rounds are needed to achieve positive rates using state-of-the-art experimental parameters. Our proposed DIQKD protocol thus represents a highly promising path towards the first realisation of DIQKD in practice.
Heterologous vaccination regimens with self-amplifying RNA and adenoviral COVID vaccines induce robust immune responses in mice
Authors: Spencer Alexandra J. , McKay Paul F. , Belij-Rammerstorfer Sandra , Ulaszewska Marta , Bissett Cameron D. , Hu Kai , Samnuan Karnyart , Blakney Anna K. , Wright Daniel , Sharpe Hannah R. , Gilbride Ciaran , Truby Adam , Allen Elizabeth R. , Gilbert Sarah C. , Shattock Robin J. , Lambe Teresa 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSeveral vaccines have demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 mediated disease, yet there is limited data on the immune response induced by heterologous vaccination regimens using alternate vaccine modalities. Here, we present a detailed description of the immune response, in mice, following vaccination with a self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine and an adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that antibody responses are higher in two-dose heterologous vaccination regimens than single-dose regimens. Neutralising titres after heterologous prime-boost were at least comparable or higher than the titres measured after homologous prime boost vaccination with viral vectors. Importantly, the cellular immune response after a heterologous regimen is dominated by cytotoxic T cells and Th1+ CD4 T cells, which is superior to the response induced in homologous vaccination regimens in mice. These results underpin the need for clinical trials to investigate the immunogenicity of heterologous regimens with alternate vaccine technologies.