bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal time division modulation for nonlinear frequency-scanning interferometry and phase extraction
Authors: Tian Kai , Guo Junkang , Yu Yuqi , Wang Zian , Liu Zhigang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Frequency-scanning interferometry (FSI) is an absolute distance measurement method, and its measurement accuracy is affected by the nonlinearity of laser frequency scanning. To improve the accuracy of phase extraction of the nonlinear interference signal corresponding to nonlinear frequency scanning, this paper builds an FSI measurement system that performs orthogonal time division modulation on a reference optical path laser. By orthogonal time division modulation of the reference laser, a theoretical orthogonal interference signal is obtained through time-division multiplexing, and an instantaneous phase extraction method is proposed. However, due to the time division of the two signals, a orthogonal phase deviation is introduced. By theoretically analyzing the phase solution results when there is a orthogonal phase deviation, the error type can be determined and suppressed. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is verified by experiments.
CMFE-PVT: a lightweight fault diagnosis framework for rolling bearings using compact multi-scale feature extraction and a pruned-restructured vision transformer
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Wu Weibing , Ma Xiaolu , Liu Fei , Chen Renwen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The intelligent fault diagnosis method based on transformer and convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved good global and local feature extraction results. However, the multi-head self-attention mechanism adopted by the transformer and the cross-channel convolution operation in CNN increases the complexity of the model, thereby increasing the demand for hardware resources, which to some extent, limits its broad applicability in industrial applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight fault diagnosis framework based on compact multi-scale feature extraction and pruned-restructured vision transformer (ViT) to address the above challenges. Firstly, a compact multi-scale feature extraction module is designed to efficiently capture complex features in rolling bearing vibration signals through parallel multi-scale convolution kernels, combined with channel reduction strategies to significantly reduce computational complexity while maintaining feature richness. Next, short-time Fourier transform and pseudo-color processing techniques are used to obtain time–frequency images. Then, a dual optimization of matrix sparsity and structural reorganization is implemented for Self-attention in ViT to ensure model performance and significantly reduce computational overhead. Finally, the time–frequency images are segmented and rearranged before being fed into the improved lightweight ViT for global feature extraction and fault recognition of rolling bearings. The experimental results show that the proposed fault diagnosis method has the advantages of lightweight (Params:4.27 K, floating point operations per seconds:0.1 M, multiplication and accumulation operations per seconds:51.07 K) and robustness compared to mainstream algorithms.
Gold nanomaterials capped with bovine serum albumin for cell and extracellular vesicle imaging
Authors: Wu Re-Wen , Lin Yu-Han , Lu Cheng-Hsiu , Su Chia-Hao , Chen Yu-Shan , Wang Feng-Sheng , Lian Wei-Shiung 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bovine serum albumin-capped gold nanoclusters (AuNC@BSA) are ionic, ultra-small, and eco-friendly nanomaterials that exhibit red fluorescence emission. Upon modification, these nanomaterials can serve as imaging probes with multimodal functionality. Owing to their nanoscale properties, AuNC@BSA-based nanomaterials can be readily endocytosed by cells for imaging. With the increasing interest in cell therapy, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted considerable attention from researchers; however, effective methods for imaging EVs remain limited. Although several studies have explored imaging strategies for cells and EVs using compounds, nuclear pharmaceuticals, nanoparticles, or genetic constructs, the use of AuNC@BSA-based nanomaterials for labeling EVs and their parental cells has rarely been discussed, with even less attention paid to their multimodal potential. To address this gap, we utilized three types of AuNC@BSA-based derivatives: AuNC@BSA, AuNC@BSA-Gd, and AuNC@BSA-Gd-I. Our findings demonstrate that these derivatives can effectively label both cells and EVs using a simple direct labeling approach, which is particularly notable for EVs, as they typically require more complex labeling procedures. Furthermore, the multimodal potential of labeled cells and EVs was evaluated, revealing their capabilities for multimodal imaging. In summary, this study presents an effective strategy for labeling EVs and their parental cells using multimodal nanomaterials. These findings will contribute to accelerating the development of drug delivery systems, cell- and EV-based therapies, and advanced imaging strategies.
Investigations of modulation method and stress mechanism for the growth of AlGaN channel heterostructures
Authors: Wang Baiqi , Zhang Yachao , Xu Shengrui , Yao Yixin , Liu Wenjun , Du Chenglin , Cai Xiaolong , Wu Sheng , Liu Haijun , Zhang Yu , Tang Xue , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, the strong connection between the channel and the barrier layer of AlGaN channel heterostructures has been investigated in detail. Unlike GaN as a channel material, AlGaN channel layers significantly influence the transport characteristics and quality of AlGaN barrier layers with increasing Al composition. Furthermore, the stress mechanism in the growth of the AlGaN layer has been thoroughly discussed. It has been revealed that the modulation of the channel layer stress alters its relaxation and enhances the consistency of the in-plane lattice constant, thereby improving channel layer quality. Moreover, this process reduces the tensile stress on the barrier layer, and improves the barrier layer quality and heterostructures performance. This work is not only beneficial for the achievement of high breakdown voltage and new generations of high-power RF devices, but is also instructive to the optimization and realization of the AlGaN material in deep-UV devices.
Determination of Schrödinger nonlinearities from the scattering map
Authors: Killip Rowan , Murphy Jason , Visan Monica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We prove that the small-data scattering map uniquely determines the nonlinearity for a wide class of gauge-invariant, intercritical nonlinear Schrödinger equations. We use the Born approximation to reduce the analysis to a deconvolution problem involving the distribution function for linear Schrödinger solutions. We then solve this deconvolution problem using the Beurling–Lax Theorem.
Optimization study of acoustic characteristics for assembled curled structure
Authors: Yang Mengchun , Zhao Jinyu , Liu Zihao , Gong Shulei , Liu Yuan , Li Yongchang , Zhang Donghui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a simple curled G-type structure is used as the basic unit, which is coded according to its different opening directions, and a composite structure model with special acoustic functions is constructed by different types of assembly methods. The curled G-structure as the basic unit has the characteristics of a Helmholtz resonator, which can resonate at a specific frequency and effectively attenuate the acoustic energy. In the

2
×
2

matrix assembly, there exists an optimal model with an ultra-wide forbidden bandwidth of 510 – 2120 Hz, which also has a high degree of symmetry and the bandgap characteristics of phononic crystals. In the

1
×
N

matrix assembly, the optimization is performed by genetic algorithm, and N is taken as 4 to achieve tunable acoustic focusing. The simplicity of the curled G-type structure and the simple assembly method make the resulting composite structure have a wide range of potential applications in areas such as noise reduction and imaging.
A novel expansion method and its application to two nonlinear evolution equations arising in ocean engineering
Authors: Swati  , Prakash Amit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear evolution equations are unavoidable for precisely modelling and understanding nonlinear wave phenomena. The study of nonlinear waves enriches our comprehension of natural phenomena and supports technological advancements across various disciplines. In this work, we have proposed a new expansion method to find the travelling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. This method is named as

F

μ
F
+
G

−

expansion method. We applied the proposed technique to construct the exact travelling wave solutions to two well-known nonlinear equations arising in ocean engineering. These equations are extended (2 + 1)-dimensional Boussinesq equation and (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized shallow water wave equation. Propagation of obtained travelling wave solutions are illustrated by surface plots and two-dimensional graphs plotted for suitable parametric values. We observed soliton, kink, breather, lump and periodic wave structures. The results show efficiency and reliability of the proposed method.
Graphene and post-transition metal sulfide-based photodetectors for enhanced visible light photodetection: A review
Authors: Ameer Muhammad Faizan , Hussain Muzamil , Abbas Kashif , Sufyan Muhammad , Khan Sami Ullah , Kolsi Lioua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Integrating graphene and post-transition metal sulfides (PTMSs) enables enhanced photodetection in the visible spectrum regime, offering a remarkable strategy for next-generation photodetectors. This review summarizes the various characteristics of graphene/PTMSs-based photodetectors. The multiple aspects of photodetectors such as photodetection mechanism, performance parameters, and strategies for enhancing the properties of graphene-based photodetectors are briefly discussed. The photodetector characteristics of PTMSs and their suitability for integrating with graphene-based structures were highlighted. The performance of various graphene/PTMSs photodetectors was analyzed. This review will help optimize the integration of the properties of innovative graphene/PTMS structures.
UV aging effect on buckling properties of nanoclay particulated intraply hybrid composites
Authors: Oğuz Zeynal Abidin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work experimentally investigated how ultraviolet (UV) aging affects the buckling properties of polymer-based intraply hybrid composites reinforced with nanoparticles (NPs) and varied in weight ratios. The nanoclay reinforced intraply carbon/aramid/epoxy composite samples with six different weight ratios of nanoparticles (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3%) were subjected to axial and lateral buckling tests after 250 h and 500 h of UV aging. At the end of the study, SEM images were taken for both buckling types and the damage patterns of the composite materials were analyzed. Considering the unaged samples, the critical buckling load (Pcr) of hybrid composites with NP reinforcement reached the highest values for 1% wt, with increases of 22.28 and 25.98% for the axial and lateral buckling test, respectively. The addition of more particles by weight resulted in a gradual decrease in the Pcr for both buckling tests. The Pcr decreases for axial and lateral buckling tests of unaged samples with 3 wt% nanoparticle reinforcement were found to be 8.18% and 25.43%, respectively. Experimental results showed that the buckling features of intraply samples changed due to both UV exposure and the addition of NPs. Furthermore, as UV exposure time increases, the Pcr for each weight ratio increased for both buckling types. Considering the UV effect, the axial Pcr increased by 32.07% and 40.89% in 1%wt particle reinforced samples after 250 and 500 h of UV aging, respectively. Similarly, an increase of 32.65% and 42.32% in lateral Pcr was observed in 1%wt particle reinforced samples after 250 and 500 h of UV aging, respectively. Finally, SEM images revealed matrix cracks, fiber breakage, debris, microbuckled fiber, and delamination mode failure morphologies.
A novel numerical approach for solving generalized fractional Fisher's equation
Authors: Walickta Singkai Chou , Kumar Saha Utpal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to construct a novel numerical technique, the General Transform Adomian Decomposition Method (GTADM), for obtaining approximate solutions of fractional generalized Fisher's equation (FGFE). The fractional order is in the sense of Caputo. By applying the General transform(GT) and its inverse, the fractional Fisher equation is simplified within the GT domain, facilitating the treatment of the equation without imposing restrictive assumptions on the variables, then we apply the Adomian Decomposition Method(ADM) to solve the newly obtained equation. Stability analysis is conducted to enhance the theoretical framework. The GTADM requires less computational work and exhibits faster convergence without discretization, linearization, or perturbation, thus preserving the integrity of the FGFE. A comparative analysis with ADM, homotopy perturbation Sumudu transforms method (HPSTM), and q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM) is performed to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of GTADM. The accuracy and reliability of the GTADM are validated through the computation of absolute and relative errors. Furthermore, 2D and 3D graphical representations, generated using Maple 21 and MATLAB to support this work. The numerical results and graphs clearly demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the GTADM.
Integration of a compact multiband antenna with CubeSat systems for efficient remote sensing and space applications
Authors: Aydin Emine Avşar , Kekil Serkan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates a compact multiband antenna integrated with a CubeSat optical system for remote sensing tasks. The proposed antenna is designed and analyzed using the CST Microwave Studio simulation environment. The results on the antenna performance are found to be quite good. Furthermore, the contribution of the FSS structure is investigated and analyzed by mounting it on a 1U CubeSat chassis made of PEEK material. A distinctive feature of the antenna is its compact design, ease of fabrication, and low cost, which are made possible by the advantages of TPU filaments that can be produced using a 3D printer. The antenna can be mounted on the tip of the nanosatellite together with the camera, providing space for solar panels or other equipment without using additional space in the side areas. Given the limited dimensions of CubeSats, our antenna makes efficient use of the surface. The antenna operates in the S, C, X, Ku, K, and Ka bands and achieves gains of 6.31, 4.08, 9.97, 7.06, 7.12, and 8.22 dBi, respectively; the reflection coefficient is much lower than −10 dB, and the VSWR value is below 1.5. In summary, the microstrip patch antenna system proposed in this work can be used in similar CubeSat remote sensing applications, offering excellent performance, reliability, simplicity, and compact dimensions in the fabrication and deployment system. In the future, we plan to perform fabrication and space environment testing of the proposed antenna, such as vibration, thermal vacuum cycling, and thermal shock.
Modeling and analysis of traffic flow considering drivers’ attention allocation between anticipated and recommended speeds
Authors: Rong Ying , Tang Nianbei , Xue Gang , Li Feng , Lan Ziqin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To study the impact of driver attention allocation between anticipated and recommended speeds in traffic flow systems, an improved model is proposed based on the logical framework of microscopic car-following model. The linear stability analysis theory was applied to analyze and derive the stability conditions. A numerical simulation was conducted to verify these theoretical findings. Subsequently, the VT-Micro model, which is widely used for energy consumption and emissions analysis was introduced to further study the effect of the driver’s attention allocation on the vehicle’s energy consumption. The results showed that drivers paying more attention to the recommended speed while driving would be conducive to the stability of traffic flow and reduce the average energy consumption of vehicles. From the perspective of speed guidance, when recommending the speed to the driver, the higher the attention paid to the real-time dynamic speed as the guide speed, the more it would disrupt the stability of road traffic flow and the less conducive it is to the control of vehicle energy consumption. These observations may provide a new perspective for understanding driver behavior and managing road traffic flow systems.
The role of RF sputtering parameters on the uniformity and stability of Tb4O7 thin films on silicon substrates for passivation applications
Authors: Sifawa Abubakar A , Mohammad Sabah M , Iliyasu Usman , Abdullah Mundzir , Shahrier Md Rumon , Soomro Aijaz Ali , Naser Hameed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this study, the effects of different radio frequency (RF) parameters, were studied from the physical perspective of terbium oxide (Tb4O7) thin films deposited on silicon (Si) substrates, emphasizing their uniformity and stability for passivation applications. The findings for sample C, indicate that an optimal sputtering power of 110 W for 40 min enhances film uniformity while minimizing surface roughness, which is critical for achieving a stable passivation film. Notably, all the studied samples revealed a crystalline nature and maintained a stable phase, with no impurities detected from the grazing incident x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) patterns. Sample C revealed the highest value of crystallite size measured at 38 nm. Additionally, band gap energy (Eg) values between 2.19 and 2.78 eV were measured using the Kubelka–Munk (K-M) method. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed sample C achieved the highest peak intensity at 548 nm, corresponding to the 5D4 → 7F5 transition. Studies have been conducted on the formation of Tb4O7 thin films deposited by RF sputtering on Si substrates, annealed in an argon (Ar) atmosphere. This study introduces a new approach to enhancing film quality by adjusting the RF power during the sputtering process and subsequently annealing the sputtered samples. The aim was to investigate the benefits of nitrogen (N) annealing on the formation of a uniform passivation film of Tb4O7 material.
Inactivation of S. mutans dental biofilm by using Cold Atmospheric Plasma
Authors: Lim Lian Kuang , Ngoi Soo Tein , Tan Shun , Bin Shah Bana Muhammad Arif Fikri , Yap Seong Ling 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

S.mutans cells in oral cavity could adhere to surfaces of the teeth form the bacterial biofilm, strongly resist daily cleaning and brushing. The growth of the bacterial protected by the biofilm may lead to dental plaque formation and tooth decay.
C
old
A
tmospheric
P
lasma (CAP) generated from a capillary-guided corona discharge is investigated for the inactivation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm associated with dental caries. The plasma device was optimised to generate a 4-mm plasma plume while maintaining a temperature near to ambient. The heat generated was not susceptible to thermal damage for the biofilm, as well as the oral cavity. Through experimental evaluations, the gaseous plasma plume from the CAP with a treatment durations of up to 15 min were responsible in reducing the S. mutans biofilm. The highest removal was achieved after 15 min of CAP treatment. The results shown that a log-reduction of 3.08 of the cells in the S. mutans biofilm was killed during the treatment. The 10 min treatment demonstrated a high value of log reduction at 1.79 compared to the control well. The efficacy is found to be strongly correlated to treatment duration whereby at the minimum duration of 1 min treatment resulted a log reduction of 0.23. The outcomes of this research highlight CAP as a promising and safe approach for combating S. mutans biofilm. By offering a non-thermal alternative to traditional antimicrobial methods, CAP presents an opportunity to minimize harm to healthy tissues while effectively targeting biofilm.
A novel approach to frame reduction in robust hand gesture recognition
Authors: Balmik Archana , Sunanda  , Nandy Anup 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hand gesture recognition is becoming an increasingly integral part of our daily lives, enabling seamless communication, enhancing interaction, and revolutionizing multiple industries. To ensure a more precise and efficient system, the key aspect of hand gestures lies in detecting hand patterns and retrieving the hand gestures. However, as the volume of video data increases, extracting the essential hand patterns while excluding unnecessary frames becomes a challenge. Addressing this issue, a novel Harris Hawk Optimization K-Means frame reduction is proposed, inspired by the hunting behavior of Harris Hawks in nature. This proposed approach combines the Harris Hawk Optimization algorithm with the K-Means clustering method. The algorithm simulates the hunting behavior of Harris Hawks and utilizes Euclidean distance as a fitness function to determine the optimal frames. Subsequently, the K-Means clustering method is employed to group similar frames together based on these optimal selections. An average frame is generated and aggregated for each cluster to form a reduced set of frames. These reduced frames are then classified using the modified Mobilenet V2 model, outperforming other state-of-the-art techniques by achieving an exceptional accuracy rate of 99.93%. The experiment results lay the groundwork for incorporating the novel framework of hand gesture recognition into a range of applications, including sign language interpretation, human-computer interaction, and virtual reality systems.
Corrections to scaling in the 2D φ4 model:Monte Carlo results and some related problems
Authors: Kaupuzs Jevgenijs , Melnik Roderick 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have been performed to refine the estimation of the correction-to-scaling exponent ω in the 2D φ4 model, which belongs to one of the most fundamental universality classes. If corrections have the form ∝L-ω, then we find ω=1.546(30) and ω=1.509(14) as the best estimates. These are obtained from the finite-size scaling of the susceptibility data in the range of linear lattice sizes L∈[128,2048] at the critical value of the Binder cumulant and from the scaling of the corresponding pseudocritical couplings within L∈[64,2048]. These values agree with several other MC estimates at the assumption of the power-law corrections and are comparable with the known results of the ε-expansion. In addition, we have tested the consistency with the scaling corrections of the form ∝L-4/3, ∝L-4/3ln L and ∝L-4/3/ln L, which might be expected from some considerations of the renormalization group and Coulomb gas model. The latter option is consistent with our MC data. Our MC results served as a basis for a critical reconsideration of some earlier theoretical conjectures and scaling assumptions. In particular, we have corrected and refined our previous analysis by grouping Feynman diagrams. The renewed analysis gives ω≈4-d-2η as some approximation for spatial dimensions d<4, or ω≈1.5 in two dimensions.