bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participatory scenario planning to facilitate human–wildlife coexistence
Authors: Jiren Tolera Senbeto , Riechers Maraja , Kansky Ruth , Fischer Joern 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFostering human–wildlife coexistence requires transdisciplinary approaches that integrate multiple sectors, account for complexity and uncertainty, and ensure stakeholder participation. One such approach is participatory scenario planning, but to date, this approach has not been used in human–wildlife contexts. We devised a template for how participatory scenario planning can be applied to identify potential avenues for improving human–wildlife coexistence. We drew on 3 conceptual building blocks, namely the SEEDS framework, the notion of critical uncertainties, and the three‐horizons technique. To illustrate the application of the proposed template, we conducted a case study in the Zambezi region of Namibia. We held 5 multistakeholder workshops that involved local people as well as numerous nongovernment and government stakeholders. We identified 14 important wildlife species that generated multiple services and disservices. The subsequent benefits and burdens, in turn, were inequitably distributed among stakeholders. Government actors played particularly influential roles in shaping social‐ecological outcomes. We identified 2 critical uncertainties for the future: the nature of governance (fragmented vs. collaborative) and the type of wildlife economy (hunting vs. photography based). Considering these uncertainties resulted in 4 plausible scenarios describing future human–wildlife coexistence. Stakeholders did not agree on a single preferred scenario, but nevertheless agreed on several high‐priority strategies. Bridging the remaining gaps among actors will require ongoing deliberation among stakeholders. Navigating the complex challenges posed by living with wildlife requires moving beyond disciplinary approaches. To that end, our template could prove useful in many landscapes around the world.
Joining forces toward proactive elephant and rhinoceros conservation
Authors: Vogel Susanne Marieke , Pasgaard Maya , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProactive approaches that anticipate the long‐term effects of current and future conservation threats could increase the effectiveness and efficiency of biodiversity conservation. However, such approaches can be obstructed by a lack of knowledge of habitat requirements for wildlife. To aggregate and assess the suitability of current information available on habitat requirements needed for proactive conservation, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on elephant and rhinoceros habitat requirements and synthesized data by combining a vote counting assessment with bibliometric and term maps. We contextualized these numeric and terminological results with a narrative review. We mapped current methods, results, terminology, and collaborations of 693 studies. Quantitative evidence for factors that influence the suitability of an area for elephants and rhinoceros was biased toward African savanna elephants and ecological variables. Less than one third of holistic approaches considered equal amounts of ecological and anthropogenic variables in their assessments. There was a general lack of quantitative evidence for direct proxies of anthropogenic variables that were expected to play an important role based on qualitative evidence and policy documents. However, there was evidence for a segregation in conceptual frameworks among countries and species and between science versus policy literature. There was also evidence of unused potential for collaborations among southern hemisphere researchers. Our results indicated that the success of proactive conservation interventions can be increased if ecological and anthropogenic dimensions are integrated into holistic habitat assessments and holistic carrying capacities and quantitative evidence for anthropogenic variables is improved. To avoid wasting limited resources, it is necessary to form inclusive collaborations within and across networks of researchers studying different species across regional and continental borders and in the science–policy realm.
Prevalence and trend of allergen sensitization in patients with nummular (discoid) eczema referred for patch testing: North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001–2016
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , Hou Alexander , Warshaw Erin M. , Maibach Howard I. , Belsito Donald V. , DeKoven Joel G. , Zug Kathryn A. , Taylor James S. , Sasseville Denis , Fransway Anthony F. , DeLeo Vincent A. , Pratt Melanie D. , Reeder Margo J. , Atwater Amber R. , Fowler Joseph F. , Zirwas Matthew J. , Marks James G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the relationship between nummular (discoid) eczema (NE) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).ObjectiveTo examine trends, associations, and clinical relevance of ACD in patients with NE who were referred for patch testing.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 38 723 patients from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group.ResultsOverall, 748 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with NE; 23.9% had a concomitant diagnosis of ACD. The prevalence of NE fluctuated over time between 2001 and 2016, with no overall change in prevalence in diagnosed NE. In multivariable logistic regression models, NE increased steadily with age and was associated with male sex and Asian and other race/ethnicity, and inversely associated with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD) and hay fever. Patients with NE had lower proportions of one or more positive allergic reactions and lower odds of a positive reaction in multiple individual allergens. The most commonly relevant allergens in patients with NE were formaldehyde 2.0% aq., methylisothiazolinone, quaternium 15, fragrance mix I, and propylene glycol.ConclusionNE is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct subsets of lesional distributions and a profile of relevant allergens, especially formaldehyde and formaldehyde releasers. Nearly one in four patients with NE had ACD, supporting the role of patch testing in patients with NE.
Mixed emotions associated with orca (Orcinus orca) conservation strategies
Authors: Thommen Hailey Kehoe , Swarbrick Karin , Biedenweg Kelly 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOrcas (Orcinus orca) are a charismatic species with multiple connections to local economies and culture in the Pacific Northwest. As such, emotions play a role in public perspectives and support for their conservation. This research presents the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) emotion analysis to identify the basic emotions associated with written public responses to orca conservation proposals. We operationalized a multi‐dimensional emotion lexicon using Python 3 programing to extract the frequency and density of each basic emotion in over 17,000 public comments specific to orca conservation submitted to the Washington state governor's office. We found that respondents held a mixture of emotions. Trust was most often associated with the belief that urgent actions by state government could help orca populations, joy was most associated with statements reflecting how healthy orcas are icons for healthy ecosystems upon which all depend, and sadness was associated with statements lamenting the death of individual orcas and population extinction. These results can help conservation managers understand why people might support or reject conservation actions and move past conservation social science that has prioritized the emotional domain of fear. Moreover, NLP provides descriptive emotion analyses of big text datasets within specific conservation contexts that can be further explored through qualitative analyses.
Congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm: Prenatal diagnosis and outcome of a rare cardiac abnormality
Authors: Su Xiaoting , Yang Feng , Yu Dongmei , He Xiangqin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCongenital left atrial appendage aneurysm is an extremely rare anomaly. It is seen at any time ranging from fetal to ninth decade of life. Patients with left atrial appendage aneurysm may be asymptomatic, or present with dyspnea, arrhythmias, thromboembolic phenomenon. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis at 26 weeks of gestation, postnatal management and outcome of left atrial appendage aneurysm.
Short‐chain fatty acids increase intracellular calcium levels and enhance gut hormone release from STC‐1 cells via transient receptor potential Ankyrin1
Authors: Kumar Vibhu , Khare Pragyanshu , Devi Kirti , Kaur Jasleen , Kumar Vijay , Kiran Kondepudi Kanthi , Chopra Kanwaljit , Bishnoi Mahendra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites of colonic bacterial fermentation of complex carbohydrates, are closely related to the release of gut hormones. In this study, we examined the involvement of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in SCFA‐induced increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and its impact on gut hormone secretion using naturally TRPA1 expressing intestinal secretin tumour cell‐1 (STC‐1) cell line. Individual SCFAs and their physiological mix enhanced calcium influx in TRPA1‐dependent manner. SCFA mix also significantly increased membrane expression of TRPA1. Gene expression studies revealed that SCFA mix elevated the expression of genes involved in calcium‐activated calcineurin pathway in TRPA1‐dependent manner and cAMP‐regulated transcriptional co‐activators (CRTC) pathway independent to TRPA1. Genes representing synaptic vesicular exocytosis and gut hormone precursors were significantly elevated with SCFA mix treatment. Treatment with TRPA1 antagonist HC‐030031 markedly reduced these effects. The release of gut hormones was elevated with 10 mm SCFA mix in TRPA1 dependent manner. Our in vivo prebiotic study results suggested presence of an environment conducive to increase in gut hormone secretion. Overall, our findings provide an evidence for the possible role of TRPA1 in SCFA‐induced increase in gut hormone secretion, hence another mechanism of action for prebiotics.
Rating labels and style investing: Evidence from Moody's rating recalibration
Authors: Tao Xinyuan , Wu Chunchi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of style investing in comovement and return predictability. Using Moody's rating recalibration event to isolate the style effect, we find that changes in rating labels have powerful effects on comovement of municipal bond returns, trading activity, and volatility. Volatility‐based comovement adds to the return comovement. Rating style investing induces return predictability and affects return formation, which interacts with investor sentiment. Shifts in the rating label drive these results through correlated trading activities, and the effects are reinforced by behavioral biases and trading frictions.
Applying the ecosystem model in a new context? The case of business incubation in Oman
Authors: Al‐Baimani Nasser , Clifton Nick , Jones Eleri , Pugh Rhiannon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper studies entrepreneurship ecosystem development in a context little discussed in the extant literature to date: Oman. Specifically, it focuses on business incubation (BI) initiatives as a policy tool for developing the local, regional, and national systems of supporting entrepreneurship and SME growth. Although BI’s are a popular policy measure for ecosystem development, spreading globally from their original conception in the United States around 60 years ago, their universal effectiveness is questioned. We analyse the tenability of BI as an economic development strategy by entrepreneurship ecosystems as a conceptual framework to help us understand the multitudinous cultural, institutional, and governance structures required for success. Specifically, we consider these ecosystem dynamics and their influence on the incubation of SMEs in the novel context of an oil‐rich yet transitioning economy such as Oman. Conducting interviews with 22 key informants within a range of ecosystem actors (policy‐makers, incubator managers, academics, and entrepreneurs) we find that existing capabilities within the Omani BI programme are not yet fully fit for purpose, highlighting the need to establish developmental priorities for the wider entrepreneurial ecosystem, bottom‐up. Finally, we reflect on the wider cultural and institutional constraints highlighted, and suggest potentially fruitful avenues for further research.
Types of diabetes during pregnancy and longitudinal BMI in offspring from birth to age 10 years
Authors: Sidell Margo , Martinez Mayra P. , Chow Ting , Xiang Anny H. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryObjectiveTo examine longitudinal BMI trajectory from birth to age 10 years in a clinical cohort after exposure to maternal pre‐existing type 1 (T1D), type 2 (T2D), gestational diabetes managed with or without anti‐diabetes medication, and no diabetes during pregnancy.MethodsData included 218 227 singleton children born in 2008‐2015 from a population‐based integrated healthcare system; 537 exposed to maternal T1D, 7836 to T2D, 6982 to medicated GDM and 12 576 to unmedicated GDM. Differences in BMI over time among groups were assessed by non‐linear mixed‐effects models adjusting for covariates.ResultsChildren's BMI was significantly lower 6‐months after birth for all diabetes exposed groups compared to no diabetes. Beginning at approximately age 2.5 years, BMI was significantly higher for T1D, T2D and medicated GDM groups compared to the no diabetes group. At age 3, the growth pattern started separating with highest BMI in T1D and T2D groups, followed by medicated GDM, unmedicated GDM, and the no diabetes groups. By age 7, BMI was significantly higher for the unmedicated GDM group compared to the no diabetes group. Adjusted BMI was generally comparable between T1D and T2D groups for all ages. Starting at age 5, T1D, T2D and medicated GDM groups had BMI greater than one SD over the BMI in the no diabetes group.ConclusionIn a clinical cohort with standard diabetes management approaches, a hierarchical BMI growth pattern exists in offspring exposed to different types of diabetes during pregnancy after adjusting for important covariates, starting as early as age 3 years.
New normal: caring for hospitalised patients in the Bronx, New York, during COVID‐19
Authors: Akiyama Matthew J. , Arnsten Julia H. , Roth Serena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Bronx, New York, is the poorest congressional district in the United States and has the highest COVID‐19 infection rate in New York City. COVID‐19 has led to major changes in our healthcare system, including heightened infection‐control practices, novel staffing patterns and widespread social distancing. In this article, we describe how our experience with inpatient care has changed in the wake of COVID‐19.
Managing COVID‐19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: navigating unprecedented challenges
Authors: Prentice Ralley E. , Al‐Ani Aysha , Christensen Britt 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has demanded a rapid adaptation in healthcare provision, including patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This viewpoint discusses some of the unique challenges in managing comorbid IBD and COVID‐10 experienced by our team at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, which was at the epicentre of the COVID‐19 ‘second‐wave’ surge in Melbourne.
The prevalence and determinants of inappropriate sexual behaviour in people with acquired brain injury in nursing homes
Authors: Kohnen Roy F. , Lavrijsen Jan , Akkermans Reinier , Gerritsen Debby , Koopmans Raymond 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsEstablishing the prevalence of inappropriate sexual behaviour, concurrent challenging behaviours and the determinants of inappropriate sexual behaviour among patients with acquired brain injury ≤65 years of age in Dutch nursing homes.DesignCross‐sectional, observational study in acquired brain injury special care units spreads throughout the country.MethodsNursing homes were recruited through the national expertise network for patients with severe acquired brain injury, regional brain injury teams and by searching the Internet. Patient characteristics were collected through digital questionnaires. Inappropriate sexual behaviour was assessed with the St. Andrews Sexual Behaviour Assessment, concurrent challenging behaviours with the NeuroPsychiatric Inventory‐Nursing Home Version and the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory, cognition with the Mini‐Mental State Examination and activities of daily living with the Disability Rating Scale. Psychotropic drug use was retrieved from the electronic prescription system. Associations between determinants and inappropriate sexual behaviour were examined using multilevel multivariate linear regression model analyses. Data collection started in June 2017 and ended in April 2019.ResultsOf the 118 included patients, 38.1% had one or more inappropriate sexual behaviours. Verbal comments (30.1%) and non‐contact behaviour (24.8%) were the most prevalent types of inappropriate sexual behaviour. Less severe behaviours were more common than more severe behaviours. The most frequent concurrent challenging behaviours were agitation, aggression and hyperactivity. Physical aggression was associated with more inappropriate sexual behaviour. Being married and pain were associated with less inappropriate sexual behaviour.ConclusionInappropriate sexual behaviour is prevalent in patients with acquired brain injury ≤65 years of age residing in nursing homes.ImpactInappropriate sexual behaviour may have impact not only on the patients themselves but also on nursing staff. Insight into the magnitude, severity, course and concurrent challenging behaviours, sexuality and quality of life could give direction to the kind of interventions and education that is needed. The ultimate goal is to develop appropriate care for this vulnerable group of patients, specifically psychosocial interventions and appropriate use of psychotropic drugs.
Development of a double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAS‐ELISA) for the detection of KHV
Authors: Li Yingying , Wang Qing , Hu Feng , Wang Yingying , Bergmann Sven M. , Zeng Weiwei , Yin Jiyuan , Shi Cunbin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractKoi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) caused by the koi herpesvirus (KHV) is difficult to diagnose in live fish, presenting a challenge to the koi industry. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method cannot be widely used to detect KHV because few commercial anti‐KHV antibody exists. Here, we developed an anti‐ORF132 polyclonal antibody and confirmed its reactivity via indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. A double‐antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS‐ELISA) was established to detect KHV, monoclonal antibody 1B71B4 against ORF92 was used as the capture antibody, and the detection antibody was the polyclonal antibody against the truncated ORF132. The lowest limit was 1.56 ng/ml KHV. Furthermore, the DAS‐ELISA reacted with KHV isolates, while no cross‐reactions occurred with carp oedema virus, spring viraemia of carp virus, frog virus 3 and grass carp reovirus. Two hundred koi serum samples from Guangdong, China, were used in the DAS‐ELISA test, and the positive rate of the koi sera was 13%. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the DAS‐ELISA relative to the traditional PCR method were 66.7% and 97.6%, respectively. Our findings may be useful for diagnosing and preventing KHVD in koi and common carp.
Effects of hot and cold debriefing in simulation with case‐based learning
Authors: Ha Eun‐Ho 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimFor successful simulation‐based learning (SBL), a structured interactive and bidirectional debriefing should be a prerequisite. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of instructor‐led hot debriefing (debriefing immediately after simulation) and cold debriefing (debriefing occurring after a certain period following simulation) in simulation with case‐based learning (CBL).MethodThis study used a nonequivalent control group pretest‐posttest design. A sample of 59 fourth‐year nursing students in South Korea were invited and randomly divided into two groups, a post‐simulation hot debriefing (PSHD, male = 4, female = 26), and cold debriefing (PSCD, male = 3, female = 26). We used clinical performance competency, satisfaction with CBL and SBL, and debriefing tools. The study period was from October to December of 2019. We analyzed the data with SPSS 23.0 software, using descriptive statistics and the t test.ResultsClinical performance competency means that the scores of both groups were significantly improved in the posttest (PSHD = 33.13 ± 5.11, PSCD = 34.10 ± 4.15) as compared to those in the pretest (t = −7.010, p < .001). The knowledge (t = −12.689, p < .001) and skill (t = −5.338, p = .001) scores of clinical performance competency in the PSCD were higher than those in the PSHD. The mean satisfaction scores of the PSHD group with CBL (4.53 ± 0.60) and debriefing (4.66 ± 0.55) was higher than for those in the PSCD group.ConclusionAs a result of this study, PSHD and PSCD led by an instructor improved student clinical performance competency. The PSHD method, in particular, might be a positive influence on learner satisfaction with CBL, SBL, and debriefing.
The Gaps of Healthcare Service Quality in Nurse Practitioner Practice and Its Associated Factors From the Patients’ Perspective
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hung , Siao Shu‐Fen , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Chung Kuo‐Piao , Shun Shiow‐Ching 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the expectations, perceptions, and gaps of the healthcare service quality (HSQ) from the patients’ perspective, and explores the significant demographic and clinical factors associated with the HSQ in nurse practitioner practice (NPP).DesignA cross‐sectional design was carried out, with convenience sampling performed under the NPP in Taiwan, from June to November 2016.MethodsThe Nurse Practitioner Healthcare Service Quality Scale was used to assess the expectations, perceptions, and gaps of the HSQ. The demographics, clinical characteristics, and symptom severity of patients were collected, and the Importance‐Performance Analysis was applied to identify the priority of ranking items for the improvement of nurse practitioners (NPs). The Generalized Estimating Equation was used to explore the factors associated with the HSQ in NPP.FindingsA total of 200 patients completed the questionnaires. The results revealed that the patients had overall high expectations (M= 6.35,SD= 0.46), moderate perceptions (M= 4.21,SD= 0.95), and a mild HSQ gap (M= ‐2.14,SD= 0.69), with statistically significant differences (p< .001). In NPP, the largest gap in the HSQ dimensions was reliable responsiveness, followed by empathy, assurance, and tangibility. Patients with greater symptom severity and a longer in‐hospital stay were associated with larger HSQ gaps; however, patients who were transferred from the emergency department had smaller gaps than those in the outpatient department.ConclusionsThe patients’ expectations were not fully satisfied in the NPP, especially for the dimensions of reliable responsiveness and empathy. The patients’ symptom severity was a significant factor related to the gaps in the HSQ. The awareness of unmet needs, from the patients’ perspective, could guide the convergence of a rational policy to promote healthcare delivery in the NPP.Clinical RelevanceThe managers of NPP need to pay attention to increasing NPs’ reliable responsiveness and empathy, by setting the appropriate scope of practice, regulating the NP‐to‐patient ratio, applying for certification programs in prescribing training, and cultivating patient‐centered care with shared decision making. In addition, building up the knowledge and competency of symptom management is also suggested for NP training.