bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical reversibility of Me6Fc/Me6Fc+PF6- and Me8Fc/Me8Fc+PF6- redox systems in acetonitrile
Authors: Ibrahimova Nigar Z. , Jafarov Gazanfar M. , Tagiyev Dilgam B. , Lyatifov Iltifat U. 
Published: August 2021

Two new redox systems, sym. 1,2,4,1¢,2¢,4¢-hexamethylferrocene/cation sym. 1,2,4,1¢,2¢,4¢-hexamethyl ferricinium and sym. octamethylferrocene/cation sym. Octamethyl­ferricinium (MenFc/MenFc+, n = 6, 8) were studied by the cyclic voltammetry method. The observed dif­ference between potentials of anodic and cathodic peaks of 0.063 to 0.075 V, and its inde­pendence on the potential scan rate, the straight-line depen­dence of the current value of anodic (and cathodic) peak on square root of the potential scan rate, as well as shapes of the recorded cyclic voltammograms indicate that both redox systems in acetonitrile meet the most important requirement of IUPAC regarding internal reference redox systems (IRRS) - electrochemical reversibility of electron transfer reaction. The same method under identical conditions was used to study the effect of the number of methyl groups on the redox potential of MenFc/MenFc+ systems, n = 0, 6, 8, 10. It was shown that the successive displacement of half-wave potential in the series of Fc/Fc+ - Me6Fc/Me6Fc+ - Me8Fc/Me8Fc+ -Me10Fc/Me10Fc+ towards negative potentials is attributed to the electron-donor property of methyl groups. The location of the redox potentials values of new systems [n=6 (111 mV), n=8 (23 mV)] between redox potentials of systems of n = 0 (431 mV) and n = 10 (-77 mV) means that the redox potential of the systems of MenFc/MenFc+(n = 6, 8) has an optimal position on the electrode potential scale, i.e. meets another of the IUPAC criteria for IRRS.
Power Decreases Loneliness through Enhanced Social Support: The Moderating Role of Social Exclusion
Authors: Sun Gong , Wang Wangshuai , Han Jianyi , Yu Zucheng , Li Jie 
Published: August 2021

En los últimos años, el poder y la soledad son dos temas importantes de investigación en psicología social. Sin embargo, están en ramas separadas de literatura a pesar de la relación potencial. Para llenar este vacío, esta investigación investiga sistemáticamente cómo, por qué y cuándo el sentido de poder afecta la soledad examinando el efecto principal, el papel mediador del apoyo social percibido y el papel moderador de la exclusión social. En el Estudio 1, 539 participantes en China participaron en un estudio de encuesta, que incluyó la Escala de Sentido de Poder, la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido y la Escala de Soledad de UCLA. En el Estudio 2, probamos casualmente los efectos principales y moderadores en un experimento controlado utilizando una muestra de los Estados Unidos. Tomados en conjunto, los resultados muestran que: (1) El sentido de poder reduce la soledad. (2) El apoyo social percibido media esta relación, de modo que el poder fortalece el apoyo social percibido y, por lo tanto, disminuye la soledad. (3) La exclusión social modera esta relación, de modo que la función de amortiguamiento del poder es efectiva sólo cuando la exclusión social está ausente.
In recent years, power and loneliness are two important research topics in social psychology. However, they are in separate streams of literature despite the potential relationship. To fill this gap, this research systematically investigates how, why, and when sense of power affects loneliness by examining the main effect, the mediating role of perceived social support, and the moderating role of social exclusion. In Study 1, 539 participants in China participated in a survey study, which included Sense of Power Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and UCLA Loneliness Scale. In Study 2, we casually tested the main and moderating effects in a controlled experiment using a sample from the United States. Taken together, the results show that: (1) Sense of power reduces loneliness. (2) Perceived social support mediates this relationship, such that power enhances perceived social support and thereby decreases loneliness. (3) Social exclusion moderates this relationship, such that the buffering function of power is effective only when social exclusion is absent.
Medidas observacionales para evaluar la responsividad parental: una revisión sistemática.
Authors: Halty Amaia , Berástegui Ana 
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Este estudio pretende identificar y analizar las medidas observacionales para evaluar el constructo de responsividad parental, con especial atención en los componentes que se evalúan, en las características de aplicación y en los criterios de uso. Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura de todos los instrumentos publicados a través de las bases de datos de PsychINFO y Google Scholar. Dos investigadoras independientes evaluaron la elegibilidad de todos los instrumentos, extrajeron los datos y evaluaron sus características. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 33 instrumentos. Los componentes evaluados son diversos y más del 50% evalúan también otros constructos. La mayoría son de enfoque positivo, más de la mitad se codifican a través de vídeo y el tiempo destinado a la evaluación es muy variable, desde menos de 5 minutos a más de una hora. Algo menos de la mitad solicita realizar tareas concretas y todos ellos requieren formación específica para su uso. Discusión: Existe una gran oferta de instrumentos para evaluar la responsividad parental. Esta revisión ofrece claves que facilitan la elección del instrumento más adecuado a cada necesidad profesional o de investigación.
Objective: The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the observational measures for the assessment of parental responsiveness construct, with a focus on the components that are evaluated, the characteristics of the implementation and the criteria of use. Method: A systematic review was carried out to identify all instruments published through PsychINFO and Google Scholar databases. Two independent researchers assessed the eligibility criteria of all measures, substracted data and assessed their characteristics. Results: 33 instruments were selected. The components of the measures are diverse and more than 50% also evaluate other constructs. Most instruments are positive in focus, more than half are encoded through video and the evaluation periods are very variable, from less than 5 minutes to more than one hour. Less than a half request to perform specific tasks and all of them require specific training for their use. Discussion: There is a wide range of instruments to assess parental responsiveness. This review offers clues that facilitate the choice of the most appropriate instrument for each professional or research needs.
Nota editorial. Introducción al tema monográfico “Cerebro y conducta: un enfoque neurocientífico/psicofisiológico”, en honor y recuerdo del Prof. Jesús Gómez Amor
Authors: Espín López Laura , Salvador Alicia 
Published: August 2021

Nota editorial en la que se presenta el monográfico y se hace un breve comentario de los artículos que lo componen
Editorial note in which the special theme is presented and a brief comment is made on the articles that compose it.
Notes from the editor
Authors: Nimehchisalem Vahid 
Published: August 2021

Thanks to our international authors, readers, reviewers, and editorial board members, our July 2021 issue is now released. The pandemic has been on-going stimulating many researchers to conduct more studies related to digital literacy and e-learning. We have had an increasing number of submissions related to online learning. The current issue presents engaging topics related to education and literacy studies from diverse locations from all around the world. The topics of our articles in this issue are related to different areas including motivation, listening skills, E-mail literacy, young learners’ literacy, literacy as women’s empowerment tool, learning environment, digital storytelling, bilingualism and writing skills, synchronous distance education, paradigm shifts in literacy theories, social studies instruction, music e-learning, creative expression technique, persuasive communication instruction, 21st century learner skills, historical literacy, and technological pedagogical content knowledge.
In vitro effect of resin infiltrant on resistance of sound enamel surfaces in permanent teeth to demineralization
Authors: Li Meng , Yang Zhengyan , Huang Yajing , Li Yueheng , Zhou Zhi 
Published: August 2021

Objective
To investigate the effect of resin infiltrant on resistance of sound permanent enamel surfaces to demineralization.

Method
Eighty healthy premolars were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks from the buccal surface. Specimens with baseline surface microhardness values of 320–370 were selected. The experimental group were treated with resin infiltrant, while the control group was not. Specimens from each group were artificially demineralized and the surface microhardness values were measured again. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure the depth of demineralization and detect the penetration ability of the resin infiltrant. The specimens were subjected to a simulated toothbrushing abrasion test. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe changes in the surface morphology of specimens after each of these procedures.

Results
No significant differences between the experimental and control groups were observed in the baseline microhardness values or in the experimental group after resin infiltration compared with the baseline conditions. After artificial demineralization, the microhardness value in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (266.0 (±34.5) compared with 304.0 (±13.0), P = 0.017). Confocal laser scanning microscopy results showed that the demineralization depth in the control group was significantly deeper than that in the experimental group (97.9 (±22.8) µm vs. 50.4 (±14.3) µm, P < 0.001), and that resin infiltrant completely penetrated the acid-etched demineralized area of the tooth enamel with a mean penetration depth of 31.6 (±9.0) µm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface morphology was more uniform and smoother after simulated toothbrushing. The enamel surface structure was more severely destroyed in the control group after artificial demineralization compared with that of the experimental group.

Conclusion
Resin infiltrant can completely penetrate an acid-etched demineralized enamel area and improve resistance of sound enamel surfaces to demineralization. Our findings provide an experimental basis for preventive application of resin infiltrant to sound enamel surfaces to protect tooth enamel against demineralization.
Physical-Chemical Characterization of the Oil Extracted from Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Seeds and Its Potential Application as Lipid-base Raw Material to Produce Biodiesel
Authors: Adeosun Y. M. , Koyenikan O. O. , Oyewole B. A. 
Published: August 2021

The escalating prices of petroleum fuels, the uncertainties in their supply and the wreckage of global climate caused by their continual use have rekindled research interests in the use of plant oil for fuels and other biofuels. Sponge gourd seeds were investigated for its biodiesel properties with the aim of determining the desirability of incorporating the oil into bio-fuel. The seeds were sourced for, processed and extracted while the bio-fuel oil obtained were analyzed. 31.0 Percentage (%) of oil yield was obtained from Luffa cylindrica seeds according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Standards which were used to determine other Biofuel properties of luffa cylindrica seed. The laboratory analysis revealed that the oil obtained has higher viscosity at 40°C (15.55 mm2/s) which can perfectly meet up with an established standard of biodiesel on reduction after transesterification. The analysis obtained had a flash point of (150°C), Cetane number of (71.90), Refractive index of (1.645 nm), Acid value of (34.10 mg KOH/g) and Iodine value of (86.20 mgI2/g) obtained compared with most standard biodiesel which is in agreement with the specified ASTM biodiesel standard.
Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Red and White Pigeon Peas (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) in Broiler Chicks
Authors: Agboola A. F. , Omidiwura B. R. O. , Oluwatomini I. O. , Ahmed R. O. 
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of two varieties of pigeon pea in broiler chicks.
The experiment was carried out at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Nigeria between May and July, 2019. Two hundred and forty (240) one-day old Abor Acre plus-strain broiler chicks were fed a commercial broiler starter diet for 15 days. On day 16, the birds were weighed, tagged and randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (Diet 1: Nitrogen Free Diet (NFD); Diet 2: Highly Digestible Protein (HDP); Diet 3: Red Pigeon Pea (RPP), Diet 4: White Pigeon Pea (WPP) with 6 replicates and 10 birds each in a randomized complete block design.
On day 21, birds were sacrificed and digesta collected from terminal ileum. The Endogenous Amino Acid Losses (EAAL), Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility (AIAAD), Standardized Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility (SIAAD) were estimated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at P = .05.
Higher EAA flow (P < .001) was recorded in lysine and aspartic acid for NFD while endogenous alanine flow was higher in HDP. Arginine had the lowest apparent digestibility values for both WPP and RPP. Apparent digestibility values of histidine, phenylalanine, valine, aspartic acid, glycine, proline and serine in WPP were significantly (P = .05) higher than in RPP with their corresponding higher (P = .05) SID values. Arginine had the lowest SIAAD value when AIAAD was corrected with HDP or NFD. In conclusion, WPP had higher CP level as well as higher digestibility values for some amino acids than RPP. The method used for standardization did not affect SIAAD values corrected with NFD or HDP for WPP and RPP respectively. Therefore, either of the two methods can be used to correct for endogenous amino acid losses.
Effect of Different Levels of Potassium on Soil Potassium Fractions and on Sugarcane Yield and Quality
Authors: Sireesha A. , Ramalakshmi CH. S. , Sreelatha T. 
Published: August 2021

A Field experiment was conducted on effect of various levels of potassium application on soil potassium fractions and sugarcane yield at Regional Agricultural research station, Anakapalle, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment comprised six treatments and four replications in Randomized Block Design. The treatments comprised of T1:Control (0 K), T2:50% Recommended dose of Potassium (60 kg K/ha),T3:75% Recommended dose of Potassium (90 kg K/ha),T4:100% Recommended dose of Potassium (120 kg K/ha),T5:125% Recommended dose of Potassium (150 kg K/ha) and T6:150% Recommended dose of Potassium (180 kg K/ha). Results revealed that number of milliable cane, cane yield (t/ha) and sugar yield (t/ha) was found to be significantly high with treatment receiving 150% recommended dose of fertilizers (79855, 82.12 t/ha and 12.04 t/ha respectively), however, it was statistically on par with the treatments receiving 125% recommended dose of potassium fertilizers(79855,82.12 t/ha and 12.04 t/ha respectively) and 100% recommended dose of potassium fertilizers application (79315,81.86 t/ha and 11.57 t/ha respectively). Increasing levels of K significantly increased all the K fractions. However, highest value of water soluble K (29.5 mg kg-1 at 0-15 cm depth and 31.6 mg kg-1 at 15-30 cm ) exchangeable K (205 mg kg-1 at 0-15 cm depth and 228 mg kg-1 at 15-30 cm depth) non-exchangeable K (854 mg kg-1 at 0-15 cm depth and 971 mg kg-1 at 15-30 cm depth), lattice K (2110and 2381 mg kg-1 at 0-15 and 15-30 cm ) and total K (3267 and 3718 mg kg-1) were recorded with the application of with the application of 150% recommended dose of potassium application (180 kg ha-1) followed by application of 125% recommended dose of potassium application (150 kg ha-1) . The sequential order of dominance of different fractions of K were lattice K>nonexchangeable K> exchangeable K and water soluble K. The per cent contribution of different fractions of K to total K were followed in the order of lattice K (64.02 to 74.94% at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth), non-exchangeabl K (15.46 to 17.79% at 0-15 and 26.4 to 27.43 % 15-30 cm depth), exchangeable K (6.32 to 8.39% and 5.60 to 7.69% at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth), and water soluble K (0.81-0.90% and 0.69 to 0.85% at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth) There exists positive and significant correlation among various K fractions indicating dynamic equilibrium.
Knowledge and Awareness about Diabetes of Recently Retired Athletes
Authors: Naseer Abida , Javed Saeed , Gul Faryal , Sattar Sumera , Ayub Fehmida , Hayat Abdul Haseeb , Sher Ali , Asghar Adnan 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The present research aimed to provide knowledge and awareness to the retired athletes about their diabetes.
Methodology: The research hascross-sectional research design. The glucose level of 300 recently retired male athletes was observed through Glucometer before data collection. Total 163 out of 300 athletes were found diabetic. The data was collected from these 163 diabetic retired athletes through the questionnaire. The researchers took three months to complete the process of glucose testing process retired athletes through Glucometer. Afterward, the collected data was edited into SPSS (v-26) for further analyses. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages on the written observations of retired athletes.
Results: The findings have shown that athletes were become diabetic due to give up their sports practices and exercises after their retirement. Before retirement, they were taken rich carbohydrates in their meals and utilized them in their routine sports practices and competitions. Afterward, the eating habits of athletes were still in progress but their sports habits were changed which cause their diabetes.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the retired athletes of Pakistan belonging to any sports should observe their blood glucose regularly. Furthermore, they should continue their exercises and sports involvements to maintain their fitness levels as well as to control the glucose levels in their blood. This enhances not only their healthy lifestyle but also they may spend their healthy lives.
Electromagnetized Graphene Facilitates Direct Lineage Reprogramming into Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Chang Yujung , Yoo Junsang , Kim Junyeop , Hwang Yerim , Shim Gayong , Oh Yu‐Kyoung , Kim Jongpil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGraphene is a carbon nanomaterial that has unique characteristics, including ballistic conduction, thermal and electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. It is emerging as a promising tool for controlling various cell behaviors, such as viability, development, and differentiation. Here, it is reported that the magnetized graphene nanosheets facilitate direct lineage reprogramming of induced dopaminergic (iDA) neurons. The graphene nanosheets are exposed to specific intensities and frequencies of electromagnetic fields, which lead to the accumulation of histone acetylation, including H3K27ac and H4K12ac, for the robust direct reprogramming of DA neurons. Remarkably, electromagnetized graphene nanosheet‐mediated in vivo reprogramming significantly enhances the generation of iDA neurons in the mouse models of Parkinson's disease (PD), which efficiently ameliorate PD symptoms. Taken together, the results provide evidence that magnetized graphene can be used as a novel therapeutic application for PD which expands the applications of graphene as biomaterials for regenerative therapeutics.
Two‐Dimensional Antimony‐Based Perovskite‐Inspired Materials for High‐Performance Self‐Powered Photodetectors
Authors: Mei Jianjun , Liu Maning , Vivo Paola , Pecunia Vincenzo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ongoing Internet of Things revolution has led to strong demand for low‐cost, ubiquitous light sensing based on easy‐to‐fabricate, self‐powered photodetectors. While solution‐processable lead‐halide perovskites have raised significant hopes in this regard, toxicity concerns have prompted the search for safer, lead‐free perovskite‐inspired materials (PIMs) with similar optoelectronic potential. Antimony‐ and bismuth‐based PIMs are found particularly promising; however, their self‐powered photodetector performance to date has lagged behind the lead‐based counterparts. Aiming to realize the full potential of antimony‐based PIMs, this study examines, for the first time, the impact of their structural dimensionality on their self‐powered photodetection capabilities, with a focus on 2D Cs3Sb2I9−xClx and Rb3Sb2I9 and 0D Cs3Sb2I9. The 2D absorbers deliver cutting‐edge self‐powered photodetector performance, with a more‐than‐tenfold increase in external quantum efficiency (up to 55%), speed of response (>5 kHz), and linear dynamic range (>four orders of magnitude) compared to prior self‐powered A3M2X9 implementations (A+: monovalent cation; M3+: Sb3+/Bi3+; X−: halide anion). Detailed characterization reveals that such a performance boost originates from the superior carrier lifetimes and reduced exciton self‐trapping enabled by the 2D structure. By delivering cutting‐edge performance and mechanistic insight, this study represents an important step in lead‐free perovskite‐inspired optoelectronics toward self‐powered, ubiquitous light sensing.
One‐Pot Approach to Fe2+/Fe3+‐Based MOFs with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Fenton Reaction
Authors: Meng Xin , Zhang Fan , Guo Huanling , Zhang Chunyang , Hu Hangtong , Wang Wei , Liu Jie , Shuai Xintao , Cao Zhong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSmart theragnostic nanoplatforms exhibit great promise in clinical tumor treatment. The Fe‐based Fenton reaction in tumor sites may generate reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells with negligible side effects on normal tissues. However, its efficiency and duration are limited by the low intracellular concentration of H2O2, weak acidicity of tumor tissue, and low catalytic activity of conventional Fenton reagents. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to efficiently overcome these obstacles. An efficient enzymatic/Fenton‐starvation nanoreactor PMs loaded with glucose oxidase and perfluoropentane (PGPMs) is constructed through synthesizing methoxy‐PEG‐carboxymethy‐modified iron (Fe2+/Fe3+)‐based metal–organic frameworks (PMs), followed by loading glucose oxidase (GOx) and perfluoropentane (PFP). PGPMs accumulating in the tumor tissue exhibit tumor microenvironment‐responsive biodegradable behavior and unusual catalytic activity for Fenton reaction advantageous over Fe3+‐based MOFs. Meanwhile, encapsulation of GOx into PGPMs further significantly increases the catalytic activity for Fenton reaction and also induces starvation therapy. PGPMs also exhibit considerable capabilities of ultrasound and tumor microenvironment‐responsive T2 MR imaging applicable for contrast‐enhanced diagnosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the great diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of this nanoreactor in tumor.